bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of left ventricular wall synchronization with multisite ventricular pacing in heart failure: a prospective study using Doppler tissue imaging
Authors: Lafitte Stephane , Garrigue Stephane , Perron Jean‐Marie , Bordachar Pierre , Reuter Sylvain , Jaïs Pierre , Haïssaguerre Michel , Clementy Jacques , Roudaut Raymond 
Published: December 2003

We sought to assess right, left and biventricular pacing effects on myocardial function by using pulsed‐Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) and automated border detection (ABD) techniques which provide electromechanical delay (EMD) assessment of the different left ventricular walls.Methods:15 patients (67±7 years) with drug‐resistant primitive dilated cardiomyopathy and QRS≥140 ms received a pacemaker for multisite ventricular pacing. Echocardiography was performed after 1 month of biventricular pacing (BVP). Echocardiographic measurements were recorded during spontaneous rhythm (SpR), right ventricular pacing (RVP), left ventricular pacing (LVP) and BVP.Results:LV ejection fraction was statistically similar between the four rhythms. BVP showed a significant EMD decrease for the lateral LV wall vs. SpR, RVP and even LVP. LVP resulted in significantly longer aortic pre‐ejection time vs. BVP while the EMD temporal dispersion (time between the shortest regional EMD and the longest one) was similar in the two modes.Conclusions:BVP and LVP substantially reduce the EMD temporal dispersion of the four LV walls, but with a longer aortic pre‐ejection time for LVP. In RVP, LVP and BVP, the septal LV wall is always activated later than during SpR. BVP and LVP are associated with a mitral regurgitation reduction.
Comparison of the response of primary human blood monocytes and the U937 human monocytic cell line to two different sizes of alumina ceramic particles
Authors: Yagil‐Kelmer Efrat , Kazmier Peter , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Bal B. Sonny , Tessman Ronald K. , Estes D. Mark 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIt is well recognized that wear particles derived from orthopaedic implants have the potential to induce inflammation, which may eventually lead to aseptic loosening of the artificial joint. We hypothesized that alumina ceramic particles of different sizes cause a differential cytokine response by human monocytes. To test this hypothesis a human monocytic cell line (U937) and primary human blood monocytes obtained from healthy volunteers were exposed to ceramic particles within the range known to be generated in vivo. Cellular responses were measured by quantifying the relative gene expression of 12 different cytokines using TAQman Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‐PCR). Our results demonstrate that at a particle to cell ratio of 100:1, 0.5 μm ceramic particles consistently provoked higher amounts of Interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α), IL‐1β, IL‐8, IL‐10 and Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) steady state mRNA by U937 cells. As expected, the variability of cytokine expression in primary blood monocytes was much higher compared to the cell line however, a similar trend was observed. These results show a differential response to ceramic particle size, which may imply that 0.5 μm particles are less biocompatible. New ceramic implants can be designed to generate a known particle size range in vivo. Implant materials of this type may induce relatively lower levels of production of inflammatory cytokines resulting in a reduced incidence of failure due to aseptic loosening. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Tocolytic therapy in conservative management of symptomatic placenta previa
Authors: Sharma A. , Suri V. , Gupta I. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To study the effect of ritodrine therapy on maternal and perinatal outcome in cases of symptomatic placenta previa being managed conservatively. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was made of a total of 60 women whose pregnancies ranged from 28 through 34 menstrual weeks who were randomly allocated to the two study groups using Tippet's random number table. Of these women, 30 were included in the study group where tocolysis with ritodrine was given whereas the other 30 in the control group did not receive tocolysis. Prolongation of pregnancy and birth weight of the newborn were evaluated. The unpaired t‐test and chi‐square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Use of tocolysis in symptomatic placenta previa was associated with significant prolongation of pregnancy (25.33 vs. 14.47 days, P<0.05) and difference in birth weight (2270 g vs. 1950 g, P<0.05). There was no observed statistical difference between the two groups with regard to number of episodes of hemorrhage after admission, total amount of blood loss during stay in hospital, number of blood transfusions and maternal complications due to tocolysis in the study group. Conclusions: The present prospective study suggests that ritodrine hydrochloride in patients with symptomatic placenta previa tends to prolong the pregnancy and result in an increase in birth weight of the babies without causing any adverse effect on the mother and fetus.
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy in an African population
Authors: Ozumba B.C. , Obi S.N. , Oli J.M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To compare the pregnancy outcome among diabetic and non‐diabetic Nigerian women. Methods: A retrospective case record review of 200 pregnant diabetic patients and control was carried out over a 10‐year period (1990–1999) at the Maternity unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Results: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among pregnant mothers was 1.7%. Pre‐gestational diabetes mellitus accounted for 39% of cases while gestational diabetes was responsible for 61% of them. Late antenatal booking and poor control of diabetes mellitus were common features, while maternal and fetal morbidity was high. Hypertension, vulvovaginitis, premature labor, polyhydramnios and ketoacidosis were significantly higher among diabetic mothers than controls. The perinatal mortality was also higher among diabetics than controls (12.5% vs. 3.5%) with stillbirth being the major contributor. Patients with gestational diabetes were at increased risk of fetal macrosomia than controls (28.7% vs. 5.5%). The overall cesarean section rate was high (36%) among diabetics with previous cesarean section and cephalopelvic disproportion being the commonest indications. Conclusions: Health education and provision of modern affordable methods of management of diagnosed cases such as uristix and hemastix will improve maternal and fetal outcome in pregnant diabetics in Africa.
Quinacrine sterilization: a retrospective
Authors: Zipper J. , Kessel E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To trace development of quinacrine sterilization (QS). Methods: Review of published reports. Results: The high prevalence of septic abortion among high parity women in Santiago, Chile, motivated Zipper to find a safe, inexpensive method of non‐surgical female sterilization. Various cytotoxic drugs were tried in rats. Because quinacrine was already accepted for intrapleural injection it was chosen for the first clinical trial. A slurry consisting of quinacrine and xylocaine was instilled into the uterine cavity with a transcervical syringe. Reasonable efficacy was noted and a limited scar of the intramural tube demonstrated. However, a side effect of cortical excitation and reports of 3 deaths ended this approach. Zipper and Wheeler hypothesized that the difficulty was due to rapid absorption of quinacrine under pressure and designed a pellet form that dissolves slowly and could be delivered transcervically using a modified IUD inserter. A standard protocol of 252 mg in seven 36 mg pellets placed at the uterine fundus on two occasions a month apart has now been widely used with considerable evidence for safety and efficacy. Indeed, protection is greater than 98% at 2 years of use. Conclusion: QS is ready for widespread use, especially where surgical sterilization is not safely available or when women are poor candidates for surgery or have such a fear of surgery that they will not seek surgical sterilization.
25 years of quinacrine sterilization experience in Chile: review of 2,592 cases
Authors: Zipper J. , Trujillo V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To assess short‐term side effects, long‐term risks and efficacy of quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Chile. Methods: Review experience of 2,592 cases sterilized with 2 or 3 transcervical insertions of 252 mg quinacrine as pellets since 1977; review the Chilean pre‐clinical experience and epidemiological studies on cervical, endometrial and other cancers. Results: Among 2,592 women who underwent QS, the total number of pregnancies was 119 (4.6%); 59 (49.5%) were carried to term with no birth defects related to QS. Nine cases were ectopic pregnancies. The ectopic pregnancy risk per 1,000 woman‐years was 0.41, similar to that for surgical sterilization. The cumulative life‐table pregnancy rates per 100 women at 10 years varied from 5.2 to 6.9. Mild and transient side effects were reported in 13.5% of quinacrine intrauterine insertions and pelvic inflammatory disease was diagnosed in 4 cases (0.15%). Long‐term follow‐up of quinacrine‐sterilized patients shows no increased risk of cervical, endometrial or other cancer. Conclusions: QS efficacy at 10 years is comparable to widely accepted tubal clip and single point bipolar electrocoagulation laparoscopic procedures. QS has a low risk of serious, immediate side effects. No long‐term risks have been identified after 25 years of use.
The rate of ectopic pregnancy for 24,589 quinacrine sterilization (QS) users compared to users of other methods and no method in 4 provinces in Vietnam, 1994–1996
Authors: Hieu D.T. , Luong T.T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To determine the rates of ectopic pregnancy with the use of quinacrine sterilization (QS) compared to other methods and no method (non‐users). Methods: Four provinces were selected for their above average numbers of women who had undergone QS: Nam Dinh, Nam Ha, Hai Duong and Hung Yen. Case histories related to surgical treatment of all ectopic pregnancies in these 4 provinces from 1994 through 1996 were collected from all hospitals by researchers from the Ministry of Health in June 1997. Using a questionnaire designed for this study, 120 physicians interviewed every woman in her home who had had an ectopic pregnancy during this period. If deceased, a family member was consulted. All interviews were completed in September 1998. The numbers of users of each method and nonusers were calculated from service statistics and demographic data. Results: Based on 2,551,355 woman‐years of exposure, the rate of ectopic pregnancy among users per 1000 woman‐years was calculated to be: 0.26 with QS; 0.42 with surgical sterilization (TL) and IUD; 0.45 with the Pill; 0.50 with condoms; 0.78 relying on withdrawal; and 1.18 among non‐users. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy rates for QS, TL, IUD and the Pill were similar and much lower than the rate for non‐users of contraception.
An FDA phase I clinical trial of quinacrine sterilization (QS)
Authors: Lippes J. , Brar M. , Gerbracht K. , Neff P. , Kokkinakis S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: To review the significance of a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Phase I clinical trial of a new use for an old drug, quinacrine. To discover whether ultrasound may have utility in quinacrine sterilization (QS). Method: This clinical trial began on 16 September 2000 at the Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo (WCHOB) in Buffalo, New York. Ten patients volunteered to have QS. These subjects were carefully followed with regularly scheduled examinations, including extensive laboratory blood tests. In addition, each patient had a trans‐abdominal ultrasound examination six weeks or later past the date of the second insertion of quinacrine. The trial was completed on 30 April 2003. Results: Laboratory results fell within normal limits, thus providing additional evidence to affirm the lack of toxic effects of QS. With ultrasound, we were able to see scars in both oviducts on all of our patients. One patient with a small scar as seen on ultrasound became pregnant. Conclusion: QS was found to be safe and effective. Ultrasound holds the promise of reducing the failure rate.
Quinacrine female nonsurgical sterilization (QS): endometrial assessment by vaginal ultrasonography in 128 women
Authors: Ferreira C.R.C. , Magalhães D.R.B. , Ferreira D.C. , Hanan M.Z. , Camargos A.F. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: Investigate effectiveness, safety and endometrial pattern after QS. Method: This study began in March 1999 and ended March 18, 2003; 128 women received transcervical insertions of quinacrine. Follow‐up visits with ultrasound were scheduled at 1, 3, 6, 12‐month intervals. Results: Two pregnancies occurred, one at 25 months, the other at 37. Adverse events (AE) were: yellow vaginal discharge, headache, mild abdominal pain, vaginal pruritus, nausea and transient decrease in endometrial thickness. One patient had allergic reaction. A third insertion was done in case of vaginal bleeding (16.4%). One year after QS 10% still had amenorrhea, which may be the results of the fact that 73% of our patients had received DMPH. Once inside the uterus, the dissolved quinacrine could be seen within seconds, via ultrasound as a “Lake of Quinacrine” which stays for up to two hours. Frequently, a transverse vaginal ultrasonographic view of the uterine cavity showed plug‐like echogenic points at the cornua. Conclusion: Quinacrine sterilization is safe and effective. The echogenic points need to be more thoroughly studied in order to affirm whether ultrasonography may identify the blockage of the tubes. Since early pregnancy is due to imperfect tubal closure, the use of ultrasound may prevent failure. However, pregnancy due to later recanalization cannot be avoided.
The acceptability, efficacy and safety of quinacrine non‐surgical sterilization (QS), tubectomy and vasectomy in 5 provinces in the Red River Delta, Vietnam: a follow‐up of 15,190 cases
Authors: Hieu D.T. , Luong T.T. , Anh P.T. , Ngoc D.H. , Duong L.Q. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To compare the safety, efficacy and acceptability of quinacrine sterilization (QS), tubectomy and vasectomy in Vietnam. Methods: This study was initiated in January 1998 and completed in February 2000. A sample of 9 districts in 5 provinces, where the prevalence of QS was known to be high, was selected. Every person sterilized in these 9 districts between January 1, 1988 and March 31, 1998 was identified and systematically interviewed by family planning clinicians who had received special training for this project. Results: A total of 15,982 sterilization users were identified and 15,190 were interviewed and examined, including a gynecologic exam, if needed: a follow‐up rate of 95%. Of those interviewed, 9,753 used tubectomy, 3,734 used QS and 1,703 used vasectomy. All three methods were found to be safe, although morbidity associated with tubectomy was more serious than with QS or vasectomy. No deaths were reported. After more than 5 years of follow‐up, tubectomy had the lowest failure rate: 1.0%, followed by 4.1% with vasectomy. A pregnancy rate of 13.2% was reported with quinacrine, although only a small fraction of these failures were confirmed. A strong preference for QS was found. Conclusion: QS has an important role to play in sterilization services in Vietnam.
Quinacrine sterilization (QS) experience in the Philippines: a preliminary report
Authors: Alfonso L.A. , Albano H.A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjective: The first clinical trial of Quinacrine Sterilization (QS) in the Philippines was undertaken in Ceby City on January 10, 2000, to evaluate the accetability, safety, effectiveness and side effects of this technology. We intend to recruit 500 patients to utilize this technique for limiting family size. For the purposes of this report, our cut‐off date is April 11, 2003. Methods: Over more than two years, QS was performed on 36 volunteer patients. After careful explanation of the procedure and given the opportunity to ask questions, they had signed an informed consent. The trial involved transcervical insertion of 252 mg quinacrine in the form of pellets, and placed at the tip of the uterine fundus on two occasions, a month apart. Condoms were routinely provided to all patients except those on oral contraceptive pills and DMPA after the first insertion to be used for six weeks after the second one. As the numbers are small, no statistical evaluation was called for. Results: The accumulated experience was 515 woman‐months. There were no pregnancies, neither ectopic nor intrauterine. Adverse events (AE) were mild. Some patients complained of a yellow discharge and itching. Fifty percent experienced midl abdominal discomfort which was easily managed with mefenamic acid. Conclusions: Although this is a small study, we believe that QS is both safe and effective and we are strongly encouraged to continue to offer this nonsurgical sterilization method to our patients.
Marie Stopes Society, Pakistan: 1000 cases of quinacrine sterilization (QS)
Authors: Bilgrami M. , Shah L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and acceptability of QS in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: 1000 women who had chosen sterilization during the 4‐year period 1994 to 1997 inclusive were offered QS at both stationary clinics and in a mobile van at 23 sites in the outskirts of Karachi. The protocol involved transcervical insertion to the uterine fundus of 252 mg quinacrine in 7 pellets adn 55 mg of ibuprofen in 3 pellets through and IUD inserter, during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Two doses were administered one month apart. A temporary method of contraception was provided for 3 cycles, usually DMPA. Follow‐up was schedulre: monthly for 3 months, quarterly for 1 year and then every 6 months for 4 years. Results: The crude pregnancy rate after 4 years was 2.0%. Minor complications and complaints were reported by 59% of the patients. There was one ectopic pregnancy and no major complications. Conditions: QS was found to be safe and effective and has become the most popular method fo sterilization in our are of Pakistan.
Quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Syria: a preliminary report on 297 cases
Authors: Garabedian V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and acceptability of quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Syria. Methods: From July 2001 to December 2002, 297 women who requested permanent sterilization volunteered for QS either in my private practice or my local family planning center in Aleppo, Syria. The standard protocol was used: 252 mg of quinacrine in the form of 7 pellets are deposited at the uterine fundus withy a modifeid CuT IUD inserter during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. This procedure is repeated 4 weeks later. DMPA was injected at the time of the first insertion for temporary contraception. Every sterilized woman has had a monthly checkup visit until the cut‐off date for this report, including a beta HCG pregnancy test. All procedures were performed by the author. The cut‐off date for this report was June 11, 2003. Results: The single pregnancy was ectopic. Four women (1.3%) complained of severe pain. Moderate pain was experienced by 13.1% while the remaining women felt mild pain, all easily treated. The remaining side effects were minor and also easily treated. Oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea affected 29% of the women and lasted for several months. Immediate side effects are similar to reports from other researchers. Conclusions: Results thus far regarding efficacy are encouraging. QS has proven to be acceptable.
10‐year follow‐up of women who elected quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Wonosobo, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suhadi A. , Anwar M. , Soejoenoes A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of quinacrine sterilization (QS) in Indonesia. Methods: During the period, August 1992 to October 1993, 200 women who had requested surgical sterilization volunteered for QS at the Wonosobo Reagency Hospital, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The protocol called for transcervical insertion of 252 mg of quinacrine in the form of 7 cylindrical pellets and 55.5 mg of ibuprofen with a CuT‐IUD (Kimia Farma) inserter during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. A second procedure was done 4 weeks later. The technique used is essentially the same as inseting a CuT‐IUD. Follow‐up was scheduled at 6, 12, 24 and 48 months after the last insertion. In March 2003 additional monitoring was completed. Results: The 10‐year cumulative pregnancy rate was 4.3 per 100 women with a follow‐up rate of 93%. No pregnancies had occurred among these women since the 4‐year follow‐up. No long‐term side effects or complications were reported. Conclusions: After 10 years of use, QS was found to be safe and reasonably effective.
Size‐dependent reproductive dominance in foundresses of Ropalidia plebeiana, an Australian paper wasp forming nest aggregations (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
Authors: FUKUDA Hirokazu , KOJIMA Jun‐ichi , TSUCHIDA Koji , SAITO Fuki 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe relationship between reproductive status and body size in foundresses of Ropalidia plebeiana, an Australian endemic paper wasp forming huge aggregations of nests, was examined. Foundresses with developed ovaries (laying foundresses) in multifoundress colonies tended to be larger than foundresses in single‐foundress colonies and foundresses with undeveloped ovaries (non‐laying foundresses). However, the laying foundress was not always the largest of the foundresses in a colony. Body shape in foundresses varied according to simple allometric growth, while foundresses and first brood females diverged in their growth parameters in the preimaginal stage.
Gall formation by a spittlebug, Aphelaenus nigripectus (Aphrophoridae: Auchenorrhyncha; Homoptera)
Authors: SUGIURA Shinji , YAMAZAKI Kazuo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFew spittlebug species are gall formers, but the Homoptera as a whole contain many gall‐forming species in many families. Nymphs of a spittlebug, Aphelaenus nigripectus (Aphrophoridae, Auchenorrhyncha, Homoptera), were observed to induce leaf‐roll galls on cherry trees (Prunus speciosa, P. × yedoensis and P. pendula cv. pendula (Rosaceae)) in late April in Kyoto, Japan. Aphelaenus nigripectus nymphs aggregated on the ventral surface of the young leaves, fed on the ventral (abaxial) midvein, and excreted masses of froth in the rolled leaves. In a field experiment, it was discovered that feeding of A. nigripectus nymphs can induce rolling of the cherry leaves, and that the rolled leaves may provide protection from desiccation to A. nigripectus nymphs. This is the first record of gall‐forming habits in Japanese spittlebugs.