bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-invertible symmetries along 4d RG flows
Authors: Damia Jeremias Aguilera , Argurio Riccardo , Benini Francesco , Benvenuti Sergio , Copetti Christian , Tizzano Luigi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We explore novel examples of RG flows preserving a non-invertible self-duality symmetry. Our main focus is on $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 quadratic superpotential deformations of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory with gauge algebra $$ \mathfrak{su}(N) $$
su

N

. A theory that can be obtained in this way is the so-called $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1* SYM where all adjoint chiral multiplets have a mass. Such IR theory exhibits a rich structure of vacua which we thoroughly examine. Our analysis elucidates the physics of spontaneous breaking of self-duality symmetry occurring in the degenerate gapped vacua. The construction can be generalized, taking as UV starting point a theory of class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
, to demonstrate how non-invertible self-duality symmetries exist in a variety of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 SCFTs. We finally apply this understanding to prove that the conifold theory has a non-invertible self-duality symmetry.
Can “Stop The Bleed” training courses for laypersons improve hemorrhage control knowledge, skills, and attitudes? A systematic review
Authors: Consunji Rafael , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Abdelrahman Husham , El-Menyar Ayman , Peralta Ruben , Rizoli Sandro , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In many regions of the world, most trauma deaths occur within 1–2 h of injury due to uncontrolled bleeding. For this reason, training lay first-person responders in trauma care, focusing on hemorrhage control, has been recommended. We hypothesized that STOP THE BLEED (STB) training courses that teach laypersons how to stop traumatic compressible bleeding immediately are needed to potentially prevent deaths due to hemorrhage. This systematic review will analyze the effect of the STB training course on the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of lay first-person responders for hemorrhage control.

Methods
PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed research articles describing evaluations of STB courses for laypersons from December 1 2013 to October 31 2022. In addition, a hand search of article references was undertaken. Studies were included if they implemented the STB course; trainees were laypersons, and the study had some outcome measures such as knowledge, skill, confidence gained, and willingness to provide or utilization of care provided to and outcomes of trauma patients.

Results
The database searches yielded 2,893 unique papers. We retained 33 articles for full-text review, resulting in 24 eligible papers. Gray literature and manual searches yielded 11 additional publications for a total of 35 studies. The most reported finding was a statistically significant increase in hemorrhage control knowledge or tourniquet application skills in 26 studies. Twenty-two studies reported statistically significant improvements in willingness, confidence, comfort, and likelihood to respond to a bleeding patient, and 6 studies reported substantial reductions in the retention of bleeding control knowledge or skills. Only one study reported on the effect on patient outcomes.

Conclusion
STB courses for laypersons have demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, skill, confidence, and willingness to intervene to stop traumatic exsanguination. The evaluation of clinically relevant patient outcomes, specifically their effect on preventable deaths from traumatic exsanguination, is needed to strengthen further the evidence behind the recommendations for more widespread teaching of “STB” courses.
Design and manufacture of mould-free fibre-reinforced laminates with compound curvature
Authors: Jenkins Christopher J. , Donough Matthew J. , Prusty Gangadhara B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComposite manufacturing demands mould tooling to produce dimensionally accurate parts, adding substantial capital costs to their production. Recent developments in advanced manufacturing of fibre-reinforced polymer composite elements have seen the implementation of mould-free technologies that can produce complex shaped parts off a flat tool. This paper presents eccentric fibre prestress as a novel mould-free method for producing curvatures within carbon fibre and glass fibre laminates. Tailoring the flexural rigidity along the primary orientation of the laminate is shown to result in predictable compound curvature profiles with a low average root mean square error of 1.39 across the four geometries tested. An analytical model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is proposed and proven to correlate closely with the experiential laminates. Finally, an inverse design approach based on a genetic algorithm is demonstrated to design an accurate laminate configuration, achieving the top surface of a NACA 4412 aerofoil section with a low root mean square error of 1.98 using the proposed eccentric fibre prestress.
Biofilm-mediated infections by multidrug-resistant microbes: a comprehensive exploration and forward perspectives
Authors: Zafer Mai M. , Mohamed Gamal A. , Ibrahim Sabrin R. M. , Ghosh Soumya , Bornman Charné , Elfaky Mahmoud A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA biofilm is a collection of microorganisms organized in a matrix of extracellular polymeric material. Biofilms consist of microbial cells that attach to both surfaces and each other, whether they are living or non-living. These microbial biofilms can lead to hospital-acquired infections and are generally detrimental. They possess the ability to resist the human immune system and antibiotics. The National Institute of Health (NIH) states that biofilm formation is associated with 65% of all microbial illnesses and 80% of chronic illnesses. Additionally, non-device-related microbial biofilm infections include conditions like cystic fibrosis, otitis media, infective endocarditis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of research on chronic infections caused by microbial biofilms, methods used for biofilm detection, recent approaches to combat biofilms, and future perspectives, including the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and agents that disrupt biofilms.
ACD856, a novel positive allosteric modulator of Trk receptors, single ascending doses in healthy subjects: Safety and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Nilsson Boel , Bylund Johan , Halldin Magnus M. , Rother Matthias , Rein-Hedin Erik , Önnestam Kristin , Segerdahl Märta 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
AlzeCure Pharma AB is developing novel positive allosteric modulators of Trk-receptors for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, depression, other psychiatric conditions and other disorders where cognition is impaired. The preceding candidate drug ACD855 was shown to have a too long half-life in humans to allow further development. To de-risk the development of the follow-up compound ACD856, the oral single ascending dose study of ACD856 in humans was preceded by an intravenous microdose study, assessing the elimination half-life in plasma.

Methods
A phase 0 study with a microdose of ACD856 (0.100 mg), was conducted in six healthy male subjects all receiving ACD856. Sequentially, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase I single ascending oral dose study (1 – 150 mg) was conducted, including 56 healthy subjects. Both studies assessed the safety and tolerability, as well as the PK properties of ACD856 after single dose intravenous and oral administration.

Results
ACD856 was well tolerated with no treatment emergent, or dose related adverse events or other safety assessments. In the microdose study, ACD856 exhibited a bi-exponential plasma decline, low distribution volume, low plasma clearance with a half-life of approximately 20 hours. Orally, ACD856 exhibited rapid absorption, an almost complete bioavailability and a dose proportional increase in exposure. While the Cmax was lowered and delayed by food intake, the effect on plasma half-life and the overall bioavailability was low. No renal elimination of ACD856 was detected.

Conclusion
The prediction proved accurate demonstrating the value of conducting a microdose study prior to ascending dose studies.

Trial registration
NCT05783830 March 24, 2023 (microdose study, retrospectively registered) and NCT05077631 October 14, 2021 (single ascending dose study).
Engineering Cas9: next generation of genomic editors
Authors: Kovalev Maxim A. , Davletshin Artem I. , Karpov Dmitry S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Cas9 endonuclease of the CRISPR/Cas type IIA system from Streptococcus pyogenes is the heart of genome editing technology that can be used to treat human genetic and viral diseases. Despite its large size and other drawbacks, S. pyogenes Cas9 remains the most widely used genome editor. A vast amount of research is aimed at improving Cas9 as a promising genetic therapy. Strategies include directed evolution of the Cas9 protein, rational design, and domain swapping. The first generation of Cas9 editors comes directly from the wild-type protein. The next generation is obtained by combining mutations from the first-generation variants, adding new mutations to them, or refining mutations. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances and ways in the creation of next-generation genomic editors derived from S. pyogenes Cas9.

Key points
• The next-generation Cas9-based editors are more active than in the first one.
• PAM-relaxed variants of Cas9 are improved by increased specificity and activity.
• Less mutagenic and immunogenic variants of Cas9 are created.
Immunogenic cell death in colorectal cancer: a review of mechanisms and clinical utility
Authors: De Silva M. , Tse B. C. Y. , Diakos C. I. , Clarke S. , Molloy M. P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite several clinical advances the survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer remains limited, demanding newer approaches. The immune system plays a central role in cancer development, propagation, and treatment response. Within the bowel, the colorectal mucosa is a key barrier and site of immune regulation that is generally immunosuppressive. Nonetheless, within this tumour microenvironment, it is evident that anti-neoplastic treatments which cause direct cytotoxic and cytostatic effects may also induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of regulated cell death that leads to an anti-tumour immune response. Therefore, novel ICD inducers and molecular biomarkers of ICD action are urgently needed to advance treatment options for advanced CRC. This article reviews our knowledge of ICD in CRC.
Advancing glenohumeral dysplasia treatment in brachial plexus birth injury: the end-to-side spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer technique
Authors: Noor Md Sibat , Khabyeh-Hasbani Nathan , Behbahani Mandana , Koehler Steven M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) is a common injury with the spectrum of disease prognosis ranging from spontaneous recovery to lifelong debilitating disability. A common sequela of BPBI is glenohumeral dysplasia (GHD) which, if not addressed early on, can lead to shoulder dysfunction as the child matures. However, there are no clear criteria for when to employ various surgical procedures for the correction of GHD.

Methods
We describe our approach to correcting GDH in infants with BPBIs using a reverse end-to-side (ETS) transfer from the spinal accessory to the suprascapular nerve. This technique is employed in infants that present with GHD with poor external rotation (ER) function who would not necessitate a complete end-to-end transfer and are still too young for a tendon transfer. In this study, we present our outcomes in seven patients.

Results
At presentation, all patients had persistent weakness of the upper trunk and functional limitations of the shoulder. Point-of-care ultrasounds confirmed GHD in each case. Five patients were male, and two patients were female, with a mean age of 3.3 months age (4 days–7 months) at presentation. Surgery was performed on average at 5.8 months of age (3–8.6 months). All seven patients treated with a reverse ETS approach had full recovery of ER according to active movement scores at the latest follow-up. Additionally, ultrasounds at the latest follow-up showed a complete resolution of GHD.

Conclusion
In infants with BPBI and evidence of GHD with poor ER, end-to-end nerve transfers, which initially downgrade function, or tendon transfers, that are not age-appropriate for the patient, are not recommended. Instead, we report seven successful cases of infants who underwent ETS spinal accessory to suprascapular nerve transfer for the treatment of GHD following BPBI.
Clinical compatibility of magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic intramedullary nails: a feasibility study
Authors: Femino Joseph D. , Barnes Samuel R. , Nelson Scott C. , Zuckerman Lee M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a magnetic intramedullary lengthening nail in place is contraindicated per the manufacturer due to the concern of implant activation and migration. A prior in vitro study did not confirm these complications only noting that a 3.0 T MRI weakened the internal magnet. Therefore, a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent an MRI with a magnetic nail in place was performed to determine if any adverse effects occurred in the clinical setting.

Materials and methods
A retrospective review of all patients who underwent an MRI with a magnetic lengthening nail in place was performed. The time spent being imaged in the MRI, number of times the patient entered the MRI suite, and the images obtained were recorded. Radiographs were performed before and after the MRI to determine if any hardware complications occurred. The patients were monitored for any adverse symptoms while they were in the suite.

Results
A total of 12 patients with 13 nails were identified. Two patients underwent imaging with a 3.0 T MRI while the remaining 10 underwent imaging with a 1.5 T MRI. Each patient entered the MRI suite 2.1 times and spent an average of 84.7 min being imaged in the MRI (range 21–494). No patients noted any adverse symptoms related to the nail while in the suite and no hardware complications were identified.

Conclusion
MRI appears to be safe with a magnetic nail in place and did not result in any complications. Given the manufacturer’s recommendations, informed consent should be obtained prior to an MRI being performed and a 3.0 T MRI should be avoided when possible if further activation of the nail is required.
Care needs and self-induced measures of women with postpartum pelvic floor disorder- Results of a social media-based survey of 2930 women
Authors: Thangarajah Fabinshy , Soff Johannes , Lenz Caroline , Jeschke Janice , Kössendrup Jan , Papior David , Hagenbeck Carsten , Kirn Verena , Scholten Nadine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pelvic floor disorders (PFD) occur in about 40% of women after delivery. Less is known about the intervention and care needs of women with postpartum PFD. The aim of this analysis was to analyze care needs and self-initiated measures to strengthen the pelvic floor in postpartum women in relation to incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, influencing factors for self-initiated measures were evaluated.

Patients and methods
An anonymous online survey (via LimeSurvey) was conducted between September and October 2022 and distributed via social media (Instagram and Facebook). The survey explicitly addressed mothers with and without pelvic floor disorders up to 5 years postpartum (inclusion criteria). Validated instruments were employed to assess incontinence (ICIQ-SF) and sexual functioning (PISQ-IR: Condition Impact). The questions on the use of services and preventive measures, as well as on the interaction with a gynecologist, were based on self-developed items.

Results
In total, 49.4% of the participants of the survey showed symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI). Furthermore, only 40.3% (n = 241) of women were actively asked by their gynecologists for the occurrence of UI or PFD among those who suffered from PFD. Overall, 79.3% of the participants of the survey with UI underwent measures to deal with the complaints. The ICIQ-SF Score was significantly associated with all self-induced measures. High School diplomas and academic degrees were associated with the use of love balls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of the study show the unmet needs of postpartum women. PFD should be addressed more frequently in the outpatient setting. Furthermore, more systematic information about the treatment of PFD could help to address unmet information needs and improve interventions.
Midbrain lesion-induced disconjugate gaze: a unifying circuit mechanism of ocular alignment?
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian U. , Schappe Laurin , Prasad Sashank , Friedrich Helen , Fox Michael D. , Zwergal Andreas , Zee David S. , Faßbender Klaus , Dillmann Klaus-Ulrich 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Disconjugate eye movements are essential for depth perception in frontal-eyed species, but their underlying neural substrates are largely unknown. Lesions in the midbrain can cause disconjugate eye movements. While vertically disconjugate eye movements have been linked to defective visuo-vestibular integration, the pathophysiology and neuroanatomy of horizontally disconjugate eye movements remains elusive.

Methods
A patient with a solitary focal midbrain lesion was examined using detailed clinical ocular motor assessments, binocular videooculography and diffusion-weighted MRI, which was co-registered to a high-resolution cytoarchitectonic MR-atlas.

Results
The patient exhibited both vertically and horizontally disconjugate eye alignment and nystagmus. Binocular videooculography showed a strong correlation of vertical and horizontal oscillations during fixation but not in darkness. Oscillation intensities and waveforms were modulated by fixation, illumination, and gaze position, suggesting shared visual- and vestibular-related mechanisms. The lesion was mapped to a functionally ill-defined area of the dorsal midbrain, adjacent to the posterior commissure and sparing nuclei with known roles in vertical gaze control.

Conclusion
A circumscribed region in the dorsal midbrain appears to be a key node for disconjugate eye movements in both vertical and horizontal planes. Lesioning this area produces a unique ocular motor syndrome mirroring hallmarks of developmental strabismus and nystagmus. Further circuit-level studies could offer pivotal insights into shared pathomechanisms of acquired and developmental disorders affecting eye alignment.
Optimizing the management of thyroid specimens to efficiently generate whole slide images for diagnosis
Authors: Eloy Catarina , Vale João , Barros Mariana , Oliveira Diana , Mesquita Morgana , Curado Mónica , Pinto João , Polónia António 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTransition from optical to digital observation requires an additional procedure in the pathology laboratory, the scanning of glass slides, leading to increased time and digital archive consumption. Thyroid surgical samples often carry the need to collect several tissue fragments that generate many slides to be scanned. This study evaluated the impact of using different inking colours for the surgical margin, section thickness, and glass slide type, in the consumption of time and archive. The series comprehended 40 nodules from 30 patients, including 34 benign nodules in follicular nodular disease, 1 NIFTP, and 5 papillary carcinomas. In 12 nodules, the dominant pattern was microfollicular/solid and in 28 it was macrofollicular. Scanning times/mm2 were longer in red-inked fragments in comparison to green (p = 0.04) and black ones (p = 0.024), and in blue-inked in comparison to green ones (p = 0.043). File sizes/mm2 were larger in red-inked fragments in comparison to green (p = 0.008) and black ones (p = 0.002). The dominant pattern microfollicular/solid was associated with bigger file size/mm2 in comparison with the macrofollicular one (p < 0.001). All scanner outputs increase significantly with the thickness of the section. All scanning outputs increase with the usage of adhesive glass slides in comparison to non-adhesive ones. Small interventions in thyroid sample management that can help optimizing the digital workflow include to prefer black and green inking colours for the surgical margins and 2 µm section in non-adhesive glass slides for increased efficiency.
Association between co-sleeping in the first year of life and preschoolers´ sleep patterns
Authors: Garrido Felipe , González-Caballero Juan-Luis , García Pilar , Gianni Maria-Lorella , Garrido Silvia , González Lucía , Atance Verónica , Raffaeli Genny , Cavallaro Giacomo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the association between co-sleeping practiced during the first year of life and preschoolers' sleep patterns. A cross-sectional study including toddlers was designed to analyze their sleep patterns. The Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, validated in Spanish, was used to measure sleep quality. A latent class analysis was performed to identify qualitative subgroups in the sample and explore the effects of co-sleeping. The sleep patterns of 276 children were analyzed. A total of 181 (65%) parents reported having practiced co-sleeping with their children. The latent class analysis identified a two-class solution with two different sleep patterns. One of them showed a worse quality sleep pattern, which had a significant association with having practiced co-sleeping during the first year of life, and with the fact that they were still sleeping in the parents' room, among other characteristics related to co-sleeping and parental concerns. Breastfeeding also showed association with a worse quality sleep pattern. Conclusion: Based on the present findings, co-sleeping during the first year of life appears to be associated with poor sleep patterns in young preschoolers.

What is Known:• Co-sleeping shows benefits for infants and parents, mainly facilitating successful breastfeeding.• Literature on the effect of co-sleeping in lately sleep quality in children and their parents is very limited.

What is New:• Co-sleeping practiced during the first year of life could be associated with a worse sleep pattern measured with BISQ-E tool.• A balance between the correct practice of co-sleeping and the achievement of a healthy sleep routine in preschool should probably be part of parents' health education.