bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AtCHIP, a U-Box-Containing E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, Plays a Critical Role in Temperature Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yan Juqiang , Wang Jing , Li Qingtian , Hwang Jae Ryoung , Patterson Cam , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The Arabidopsis gene AtCHIP encodes a protein with three tetratricopeptide repeats and a U-box domain, which is structurally similar to the animal CHIP proteins, a new class of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Like animal CHIP proteins, AtCHIP has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. AtCHIP is a single-copy gene, and its transcript is up-regulated by several stress conditions such as low and high temperatures. However, increased AtCHIP expression alone was not correlated with increased stress tolerance; in fact, overexpression of AtCHIP in Arabidopsis rendered plants more sensitive to both low- and high-temperature treatments. Higher electrolyte leakage was observed in leaves of AtCHIP overexpression plants after chilling temperature treatment, suggesting that membrane function is likely impaired in these plants under such a condition. These results indicate that AtCHIP plays an important role in plant cellular metabolism under temperature stress conditions.
The Pattern of Systemic Acquired Resistance Induction within the Arabidopsis Rosette in Relation to the Pattern of Translocation
Authors: Kiefer Ingrid W. , Slusarenko Alan J. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Local leaf infections by a necrogenic pathogen can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in untreated leaves. We reasoned that, whatever the nature of the long-distance signal, if it is transported in the phloem, the pattern of SAR induced within the plant by treatment of a single leaf should match the pattern of translocation out of that leaf. The source-sink relationships (orthostichies) in the Arabidopsis rosette were established with [14C]Suc or phloem-mobile 3-aminotriazole at herbicidal concentrations. SAR was activated by infiltrating a single Columbia leaf with Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola DC3000/avrRPM1, which causes a hypersensitive response. The pattern of SAR in the rosette was monitored by assessing the growth of wild-type DC3000 and by measuring the SAR markers salicylic acid and PR1 transcripts. Although the orthostichy of a single leaf was clearly limited to a row of vertically aligned leaves, SAR and SAR markers were also found outside the orthostichy. This indicates that, whatever the nature of the long-distance signal from the treated leaf to the upper responding leaves, its transport is either not limited exclusively to the phloem or the minor proportion of translocate that is not confined to the orthostichy contains enough of the SAR systemic signal to set in motion events leading to the establishment of the SAR state in the upper leaves.
Differential Regulation of Two Arabidopsis Type III Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Isoforms. A Regulatory Role for the Pleckstrin Homology Domain
Authors: Stevenson-Paulik Jill , Love John , Boss Wendy F. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Here, we compare the regulation and localization of the Arabidopsis type III phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 4-kinases, AtPI4Kα1 and AtPI4Kβ1, in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. We also explore the role of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain in regulating AtPI4Kα1. Recombinant kinase activity was found to be differentially sensitive to PtdIns-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), the product of the reaction. The specific activity of AtPI4Kα1 was inhibited 70% by 0.5 mm PtdIns4P. The effect of PtdIns4P was not simply due to charge because AtPI4Kα1 activity was stimulated approximately 50% by equal concentrations of the other negatively charged lipids, PtdIns3P, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidyl-serine. Furthermore, inhibition of AtPI4Kα1 by PtdIns4P could be alleviated by adding recombinant AtPI4Kα1 PH domain, which selectively binds to PtdIns4P (Stevenson et al., 1998). In contrast, the specific activity of AtPI4Kβ1, which does not have a PH domain, was stimulated 2-fold by PtdIns4P but not other negatively charged lipids. Visualization of green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in insect cells revealed that AtPI4Kα1 was associated primarily with membranes in the perinuclear region, whereas AtPI4Kβ1 was in the cytosol and associated with small vesicles throughout the cytoplasm. Expression of AtPI4Kα1 without the PH domain in the insect cells compromised PtdIns 4-kinase activity and caused mislocalization of the kinase. The green fluorescent protein-PH domain alone was associated with intracellular membranes and the plasma membrane. In vitro, the PH domain appeared to be necessary for association of AtPI4Kα1 with fine actin filaments. These studies support the idea that the Arabidopsis type III PtdIns 4-kinases are responsible for distinct phosphoinositide pools.
Catharinus versus Luther, 1521
Authors: Preston Patrick 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn 1520 at the instigation of the influential Cardinals Giulio de’ Medici and Nicholas von Schönberg, Ambrosius Catharinus Politus was asked to undertake the defence of the Church against Luther. Catharinus wrote the Apologia of 1520 at great speed, but he did not betray the trust that had been placed in him. Indeed, the resulting work may with plausibility be considered the literary origin of the Counter‐Reformation. The main argument of this article is that the eleven ways of deceiving the people that Catharinus ascribed to Luther in Book I of the Apologia were tantamount to the claim that Luther was Antichrist. Luther was angered by the innuendo and responded in 1521 by applying the ‘Antichrist’ description not to any specific individual but to the entire papal church. In reading Daniel 23–5 as a prophecy of a Church that was the instrument of Satan, Luther revealed a remarkable comic gift, but he did not answer the case that Catharinus had made against him in a very different polemical style.
Mother, Martyr and Mary Magdalene: German Female Pamphleteers and their Self‐images
Authors: Zitzlsperger Ulrike 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFemale pamphleteers who involved themselves in the German Reformation faced a double challenge: they had to argue why a lay person needed to enter into public debate and, still more controversially, why a woman should brave the consequences of going into print. In this article two noblewomen, Argula von Grumbach and Elisabeth von Braunschweig‐Lüneburg, and two middle‐class Protestants, Katharina Schütz Zell and Ursula Weida, serve as case studies of how women with noticeably different backgrounds dealt with the challenge. The article focuses on the images they projected of themselves. While some of these images derived from traditional idealized and biblical female figures, others show a creative attempt to argue the case for long‐term participation in public debate. The most striking concept within this second category is Katharina Schütz Zell's role as ‘Kirchenmutter’ (Churchmother). The impact of such an image becomes obvious when Katharina Schütz Zell is compared with the Nuremberg shoemaker‐poet, Hans Sachs. An equally outspoken lay participant of the Reformation, his mounting disappointment with religious politics and the decline of his home town led him to withdraw into privacy. In contrast, Katharina Schütz Zell, whose remit was the more closely defined Strasbourg parish, remained actively involved until her death.
Timing Relationships between Prosodic and Segmental Control in Osaka Japanese Word Accent
Authors: Sugito Miyoko 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis paper examines onset times of prosodic and segmental transitions with corresponding sternohyoid muscle activity in the speech of Osaka Japanese. The synchronization between prosodic and segmental control occurs in words combining a close vowel followed, directly or indirectly, by an open vowel with High-Low accent, including words with devoiced accented vowels. Both segmental and prosodic control mechanisms are associated with the activity of the sternohyoid muscle. We discuss how the observed segmental-prosodic timing relation can be interpreted in terms of muscle contraction control.
Presentation Serum Selenium Predicts for Overall Survival, Dose Delivery, and First Treatment Response in Aggressive Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Last Kim W. , Cornelius Victoria , Delves Trevor , Sieniawska Christine , Fitzgibbon Jude , Norton Andrew , Amess John , Wilson Andy , Rohatiner Ama Z.S. , Lister T. Andrew 
Published: June 2003

Purpose: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that serum selenium concentration at presentation correlates with dose delivery, first treatment response, and overall survival in patients with aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Patients and Methods: The patients presented between July 1986 and March 1999 and received anthracycline-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both. The total selenium content was retrospectively analyzed in 100 sera, frozen at presentation, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results: The serum selenium concentration ranged from 0.33 to 1.51 μmol/L (mean, 0.92 μmol/L; United Kingdom adult reference range, 1.07 to 1.88 μmol/L). Serum selenium concentration correlated closely with performance status but with no other clinical variable. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased dose delivery, summarized by an area under the curve, correlated positively with younger age (P < .001), advanced stage (P = .001), and higher serum selenium concentration (P = .032). Selenium level also correlated positively with response (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.90; P = .011) and achievement of long-term remission after first treatment (log-rank test, 4.38; P = .036). On multivariate analysis, selenium concentration was positively predictive of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 for 0.2 μmol/L increase; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.95; P = .018), whereas age indicated negative borderline significance (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.18; P = .066).Conclusion: Serum selenium concentration at presentation is a prognostic factor, predicting positively for dose delivery, treatment response, and long-term survival in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Unlike most existing prognostic factors in aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, selenium supplementation may offer a novel therapeutic strategy in this frequently curable malignancy.
Inhalation Aromatherapy During Radiotherapy: Results of a Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Authors: Graham P.H. , Browne L. , Cox H. , Graham J. 
Published: June 2003

Purpose: To determine whether the inhalation of aromatherapy during radiotherapy reduces anxiety. Patients and Methods: Three hundred thirteen patients undergoing radiotherapy were randomly assigned to receive either carrier oil with fractionated oils, carrier oil only, or pure essential oils of lavender, bergamot, and cedarwood administered by inhalation concurrently with radiation treatment. Patients underwent assessment by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Somatic and Psychological Health Report (SPHERE) at baseline and at treatment completion. Results: There were no significant differences in HADS depression or SPHERE scores between the randomly assigned groups. However, HADS anxiety scores were significantly lower at treatment completion in the carrier oil only group compared with either of the fragrant arms (P = .04). Conclusion: Aromatherapy, as administered in this study, is not beneficial.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding for a lysozyme from the gut of the reduviid bug Triatoma infestans
Authors: Kollien Astrid H. , Fechner Sabine , Waniek Peter J. , Schaub Günter A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have isolated and characterised a Triatoma infestans cDNA encoding a lysozyme. A 174‐bp fragment was amplified by PCR using degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers derived from the known amino acid sequences of lysozyme from other insects. This PCR fragment was used to screen a cDNA gut library of T. infestans. A clone containing the 3′‐end of the lysozyme cDNA (219 bp) was isolated and sequenced. RACE was used to amplify the 5′‐end of the lysozyme cDNA. After sequencing the complete lysozyme cDNA, the deduced 417 amino acid sequence showed high identity (40–50%) with other chicken‐type lysozymes. The amino acid residues responsible for the catalytic activity and the binding of the substrate were essentially conserved. The expression pattern of the lysozyme gene in bugs at different molting and feeding states showed that this gene was upregulated in the digestive tract directly after the molt and after feeding. Additionally, this lysozyme gene was expressed differently in the different regions of the digestive tract, strongly in the cardia and stomach, the anterior regions of the midgut, and only traces of lysozyme mRNA could be detected in the small intestine, the posterior region of the midgut. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 53:134–145, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contributions of insect research toward our understanding of neurosecretion
Authors: Klowden Marc J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe process of neurosecretion is an important and widespread method of biological communication among animals. Although insects and vertebrates appear to be very different, neurosecretory mechanisms and the neuropeptides themselves are often the same. The gradual acceptance of neurosecretion as a biological phenomenon, largely as a result of research done with insects, is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 53:101–114, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic organization of tooth pulp afferent terminals in the rat trigeminal sensory nuclei
Authors: Bae Yong Chul , Kim Jong Pil , Choi Byung Ju , Park Kuk Pil , Choi Min Ki , Moritani Masayuki , Yoshida Atsushi , Shigenaga Yoshio 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPrevious studies provide evidence that a structure/function correlation exists in the distinct zones of the trigeminal sensory nuclei. To evaluate this relationship, we examined the ultrastructure of afferent terminals from the tooth pulp in the rat trigeminal sensory nuclei: the principalis (Vp), the dorsomedial part of oral nucleus (Vdm), and the superficial layers of caudalis (Vc), by using transganglionic transport of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP). A total of 93 labeled boutons were serially sectioned, in which some sections were incubated with γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) antiserum. Almost all labeled boutons formed asymmetric contact with nonprimary dendrites, in which more than half of labeled boutons in the Vc made synapses with their spines. The labeled boutons could be divided into two types on the basis of numbers of dense‐cored vesicles (DCVs) in a boutons: S‐type and DCV‐type. Almost all labeled boutons in the Vp and Vdm were S‐type, whereas two types were distributed evenly in the Vc. In contrast to DCV‐type boutons, the S‐type was frequently postsynaptic to unlabeled axon terminals containing a mixture of round, oval, and flattened vesicles (p‐endings) and forming symmetrical synapses. Most p‐endings examined were immunoreactive to GABA. The frequency of axoaxonic contacts was higher for labeled boutons in the Vp than in the Vdm and Vc. These results suggest that the three structures of trigeminal sensory nuclei serve distinct functions in nociceptive processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:13–24, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential distribution of butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase in the human thalamus
Authors: Darvesh Sultan , Hopkins David A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) are coregulators of the duration of action of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurotransmission, suggesting that BuChE may also have an important role in the brain. To compare the expression of cholinesterases in the human thalamus, the distributions of BuChE and AChE activity were studied by using a modified Karnovsky‐Roots method. BuChE activity was present mainly in neurons, whereas AChE activity was present in both neurons and axons. There was intense staining for BuChE or AChE throughout the thalamus, with some nuclei primarily expressing one or the other cholinesterase. BuChE staining was most intense and widespread in neurons in the anteroventral, mediodorsal, ventral, lateral, and pulvinar thalamic nuclei. AChE was predominantly expressed in neurons of the anterodorsal, midline, ventral, intralaminar, and reticular nuclei. Many nuclei contained both cholinesterases. Considering the overall patterns of labeling in the thalamus for the two cholinesterases, there were both complementary and overlapping relationships of BuChE and AChE activity. Neuronal staining in the subthalamic nucleus and hypothalamus was predominantly positive for AChE activity. The distinct distribution of BuChE activity in neurons in the human thalamus is consistent with an important role for this enzyme in neurotransmission in the human nervous system. Furthermore, BuChE activity, like AChE activity, is found in certain thalamic nuclei related to cognitive and behavioral functions. Involvement of thalamic nuclei in diseases of the nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia suggests that BuChE could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in these disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 463:25–43, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization and neural connections of the anterior optic tubercle in the brain of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Homberg Uwe , Hofer Sabine , Pfeiffer Keram , Gebhardt Stephan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe anterior optic tubercle is a small neuropil in the insect brain and a major target of visual interneurons from the optic lobe. The functional role of the tubercle is poorly understood, but recent evidence from locusts points to a possible involvement in polarization vision. The present study examines the organization of the anterior optic tubercle in the locust Schistocerca gregaria and its connections with other brain areas. The tubercle of the locust consists of an upper and a lower subunit. Both units are connected in parallel with the medulla and lobula of the optic lobe, with the contralateral tubercle, and with the lateral accessory lobe in the median protocerebrum. Wide‐field transmedullary neurons provide input from the medulla. Neurons with processes in the dorsal rim of the medulla, a relay station in the polarization vision pathway, project exclusively to the lower unit of the tubercle. Visual input from the lobula to the upper and lower unit originates from topographically distinct strata. The most prominent output target of the tubercle is the lateral accessory lobe in the median protocerebrum. Neurons from the upper unit project widely in the lateral accessory lobe, whereas neurons from the lower unit have focused projections confined to the median olive and to the lateral triangle. The two subunits of the anterior optic tubercle are, therefore, processing stages in two parallel visual pathways from the optic lobe to the median protocerebrum. Pathways via the lower unit of the tubercle appear to be involved in polarization vision. J. Comp. Neurol. 462:415–430, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Testing and evaluation of a patrol robot system for hospitals
Authors: Sato Kazuhito , Ishii Masaki , Madokoro Hirokazu 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo compensate for shortages of nurses and to reduce the stress of nursing work, we have attempted to create a patrol robot system for hospitals. The system consists of an autonomous mobile robot that can judge the condition of patients while moving around sickrooms, and a patrol information terminal to allow observation of the patrol conditions from the nurse center. For motion control during autonomous running, we propose a navigation technique using self‐estimation of the robot's position from a sequence of view images and color information. Running experiments have been performed as a preliminary practical implementation. In the proposed technique, the combined use of broad and narrow position estimation is possible and real‐time performance is excellent. In addition, the system is robust to environmental changes. A patient condition checking algorithm has been designed and the effectiveness of personal identification and facial expression recognition by SOM have been confirmed. Field tests at hospital facilities have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed system equipped with the capability for navigation by visual information and with the patient condition checking algorithm. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 86(12): 14–26, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10139
Constituents of the essential oils from Piper friedrichsthalii C.DC. and P. pseudolindenii C.DC. from Central America
Authors: Vila Roser , Mundina Marisa , Tomi Felix , Cicció José F. , Gupta Mahabir P. , Iglesias José , Casanova Joseph , Cañigueral Salvador 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEssential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves and ﬂower spikes of Piper friedrichsthalii from Costa Rica and Panama, and leaves of P. pseudolindenii from Costa Rica were analysed by GC–FID, GC–MS and 13C‐NMR. Monoterpenoids constituted the main fraction of the oils of P. friedrichsthalii from Costa Rica, particularly α‐pinene, camphene, β‐phellandrene, limonene and menthane derivatives, whereas the oils from leaves of P. friedrichsthalii from Panamá and of P. pseudolindenii from Costa Rica were characterized by a high sesquiterpene content, especially 11‐selinen‐4α‐ol, α‐selinene, germacrene D and β‐selinene in the former, and β‐elemene, β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D and α‐humulene in the latter. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatic plants from Yungas. Part III. Composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott var. octandrum Bentham essential oil
Authors: Rotman Alicia , Ahumada Osvaldo , Demo Mirta S. , Oliva Maria de las M. , Turina Anahi V. , López Maria L. , Zygadlo Julio A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe essential oil of Myrrhinium atropurpureum Schott var. octandrum Bentham was analysed by means of GC and GC–MS. From 24 identiﬁed compounds, representing 95.6% of the oils, α‐pinene was the major component. The oil showed antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potent aroma compounds in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese studied using a dynamic headspace (purge‐trap) method
Authors: Qian Michael , Reineccius Gary 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe aroma‐active compounds potentially important to Parmigiano Reggiano cheese were studied using a dynamic headspace–gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O–DH) technique. The aroma contribution was evaluated by both Osme and AEDA technique. The Osme values were based on a 10 point scale, while the ﬂavour dilution values of AEDA were obtained by sequentially reducing the sample size at a ﬁxed purge gas volume. In general, aroma compounds with high Osme values also had high FD values. Among the aroma compounds identiﬁed in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, acetaldehyde, 2‐methylpropanal, 2‐methylbutanal, 3‐methylbutanal, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, methional, dimethyl trisulphide, diacetyl, and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine were considered the most odour‐potent. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.