bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum S100β
Authors: Kanner Andrew A. , Marchi Nicola , Fazio Vincent , Mayberg Marc R. , Koltz Michael T. , Siomin Vitaly , Stevens Glen H. J. , Masaryk Thomas , Ayumar Barbara , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Barnett Gene H. , Janigro Damir 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDS100β protein is expressed constitutively by brain astrocytes. Elevated S100β levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum reported after head trauma, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke were correlated with the extent of brain damage. Because elevated serum S100β also was shown to indicate blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in the absence of apparent brain injury, it remains unclear whether elevation of serum levels of S100β reflect BBB dysfunction, parenchymal damage, or both.METHODSThe authors conducted a prospective study of serum S100β levels in six patients who underwent hyperosmotic BBB disruption (BBBD) with intraarterial chemotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma. In addition, 53 serum S100β samples were measured in 51 patients who had a variety of primary or metastatic brain lesions at the time of neuroimaging.RESULTSS100β was correlated directly with the degree of clinical and radiologic signs of BBBD in patients who were enrolled in the hyperosmotic study. In patients with neoplastic brain lesions, gadolinium enhancement on a magnetic resonance image was correlated with elevated S100β levels (n = 45 patients; 0.16 ± 0.1 μg/L; mean ± standard error of the mean) versus nonenhancing scans (n = 8 patients; 0.069 ± 0.04 μg/L). Primary brain tumors (n = 8 patients; 0.12 ± 0.08) or central nervous system metastases also presented with elevated serum S100β levels (n = 27 patients; 0.14 ± 0.34). Tumor volume was correlated with serum S100β levels only in patients with vestibular schwannoma (n = 6 patients; 0.13 ± 0.10 μg/L) but not in patients with other brain lesions.CONCLUSIONSS100β was correlated directly with the extent and temporal sequence of hyperosmotic BBBD, further suggesting that S100β is a marker of BBB function. Elevated S100β levels may indicate the presence of radiologically detectable BBB leakage. Larger prospective studies may better determine the true specificity of S100β as a marker for BBB function and as an early detection or follow‐up marker of brain tumors. Cancer 2003;97:2806–13. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11409
Long‐term results in elderly patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Vini Louiza , Hyer Stephen L. , Marshall Jennifer , A'Hern Roger , Harmer Clive 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors assessed the biologic behavior of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients age 70 years or older and evaluated factors that influenced long‐term survival.METHODSAmong 1448 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma who were treated at the authors' institution over the past 60 years, 111 patients were identified who were age 70 years or older at the time of their initial diagnosis (range, 70–93 years). The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the outcome of these 111 patients, who had a median follow‐up of 9 years (range, 2–9 years).RESULTSThere were 83 female patients and 28 male patients (female to male ratio, 3:1). Fifty‐eight tumors were papillary, 46 tumors were follicular, and 7 tumors were Hürthle cell carcinoma. Eighty percent of patients presented with a thyroid mass, and 70% of tumors were pathologic stage T3 (pT3) or pT4. Lymph node disease was evident at presentation in 44% of patients, and distant metastases were documented at diagnosis in 23% of patients. Forty‐six patients underwent total thyroidectomy, and the remaining patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy or biopsy only. Radioiodine was administered to 80 patients, and external beam radiotherapy was administered to 19 patients. The cause specific survival rates were 75%, 50%, and 50% at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of metastases was the most important independent prognostic factor for survival. External beam radiotherapy was associated with a poorer prognosis, in that it was reserved for patients with either inoperable disease or residual disease after surgery and patients with no uptake of radioiodine.CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of thyroid tumors showed extrathyroid spread and distant metastases, which frequently were not iodine‐avid. The prevalent histologic type was papillary, often with features of poor differentiation. Thyroid carcinoma in the elderly appears to behave more aggressively, and they have a less favorable prognosis compared with younger adults. Cancer 2003;97:2736–42. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11410
Racial disparities in breast carcinoma survival rates
Authors: Chu Kenneth C. , Lamar Charisee A. , Freeman Harold P. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack females have lower breast carcinoma survival rates compared with white females. One possible reason is that black females have more advanced‐stage breast disease. Another factor may be racial differences in the utilization of cancer treatments.METHODSThe authors determined racial differences in 6‐year stage specific survival rates, adjusting for age and treatments (using estrogen receptor [ER] status), to determine whether there were racial differences in treatment. Racial differences in the stage distributions of breast disease were used to examine the impact of racial factors on breast carcinoma diagnosis.RESULTSFor all breast carcinoma cases, the stage specific 6‐year survival rates, in general, were significantly lower for black females for all stages combined and for Stages I–III in every age group. However, examination by different treatments, as measured by ER status, revealed some different results. Only black women younger than age 50 years with ER‐positive tumors and women younger than age 65 years with ER‐negative tumors had significantly lower stage‐specific survival rates. In addition, the stage distribution analyses showed that black females of every age group had less Stage I breast disease.CONCLUSIONSFor younger black women (younger than age 50 years), there was evidence of racial differences in treatment for both women with ER‐positive tumors and women with ER‐negative tumors, as indicated by their lower stage‐specific survival rates. In contrast, for black females age 65 years or older with ER‐positive or ER‐negative tumors, the lack of a significant difference in the stage‐specific survival rate suggests that Medicare may help to alleviate racial disparities in cancer treatment. Furthermore, racial differences in the stage distributions indicated the need for earlier diagnosis for black females of every age. cancer 2003;97:2853–60. Published 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11411
Phase II trial of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced carcinoma of the urothelium
Authors: Dreicer Robert , Manola Judith , Schneider Daniel J. , Schwerkoske John F. , George Christopher S. , Roth Bruce J. , Wilding George 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDGemcitabine and docetaxel are active agents in advanced urothelial carcinoma. A Phase II trial of this combination was performed to determine the activity and toxicity of these agents in a multiinstitutional setting in patients previously treated with one prior chemotherapy regimen.METHODSTwenty‐nine eligible patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with docetaxel at a dose of 40 mg/m2 over 1 hour followed by gemcitabine, 800 mg/m2, over 30 minutes, both intravenously (i.v.) on Days 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated every 21 days until disease progression or a maximum of 6 cycles.RESULTSFive patients obtained an objective response for an overall response rate of 17% (90% confidence interval, 7–33%). One patient achieved a complete clinical response. The median overall survival of the group was 7.7 months. Toxicity was moderate with granulocytopenia, anorexia, and fatigue being the most commonly noted side effects.CONCLUSIONSGemcitabine and docetaxel is an active second‐line combination in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma. Responses in visceral, lymph node, and soft tissues sites were observed. Granulocytopenia without fever, fatigue, and anorexia was common. Thromboembolic symptoms were reported and are of concern. The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel has the potential to palliate a subset of previously treated patients with an adequate performance status. Cancer 2003;97:2743–7. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11413
Results of imatinib mesylate therapy in patients with refractory or recurrent acute myeloid leukemia, high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Giles Francis , O'Brien Susan , Thomas Deborah , Albitar Maher , Rios Mary Beth , Talpaz Moshe , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Faderl Stefan , Letvak Laurie , Salvado August , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDImatinib mesylate is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c‐abl, bcr/abl, c‐kit, and platelet‐derived growth factor‐receptor (PDGF‐R). c‐kit is expressed in most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and PDGF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD).METHODSThe authors investigated the efficacy of imatinib in patients with these disorders. Forty‐eight patients with AML (n = 10), MDS (n = 8), myelofibrosis (n = 18), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; n = 7), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML; n = 3), or polycythemia vera (n = 2) were treated with imatinib 400 mg daily.RESULTSNone of the patients with AML or MDS responded. Among patients with myelofibrosis, 10 of 14 patients with splenomegaly (71%) had a 30% or greater reduction in spleen size, 1 patient had trilineage hematologic improvement, 2 had erythroid hematologic improvement, and 1 had improvement in platelet count. One patient with atypical CML had erythroid hematologic improvement. Both patients with polycythemia vera needed fewer phlebotomies (from 2–3 per year to none during the 8 months of therapy and from 3–6 per year to 1 during 9 months of therapy). None of the three patients with CMML responded. Treatment was well tolerated. The side effects were similar to those observed in patients with CML.CONCLUSIONSWithin these small subgroups of disease types, single‐agent imatinib did not achieve a significant clinical response among patients with AML, MDS, atypical CML, or CMML without PDGF‐R fusion genes. Preliminary data on polycythemia vera are promising and deserve further investigation. Responses among myelofibrosis patients were minor. Therefore, a combination treatment regimen including imatinib may be more effective. Cancer 2003;97:2760–6. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.0000
Analysis of P‐glycoprotein–mediated membrane transport in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the UIC2 shift assay
Authors: Park Suk W. , Lomri Noureddine , Simeoni Luiz A. , Fruehauf John P. , Mechetner Eugene 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundDuring transport‐associated adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis, P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) undergoes conformation transitions detected by UIC2, a functional anti‐Pgp monoclonal antibody. A newly developed UIC2 shift assay is based on increased UIC2 reactivity in the presence of Pgp substrates. All peripheral blood leukocytes express low Pgp levels. The existing antibody‐based detection methods are limited in their sensitivity and require additional techniques to simultaneously analyze Pgp expression and efflux, making it difficult to ascertain the physiologic role of Pgp‐mediated transport.MethodsWe validated the UIC2 shift assay against UIC2 immunostaining and DiOC2 efflux. The UIC2 shift assay was then used to characterize Pgp functional expression and its physiologic substrates in peripheral blood leukocytes.ResultsA strong correlation was observed between the UIC2 shift assay versus immunostaining and dye efflux tests. The UIC2 shift assay showed improved sensitivity (compared with conventional UIC2 staining) and allowed for simultaneous detection of Pgp expression and function. Using this assay, we identified several new Pgp substrates, including monensin and retinol, and confirmed that interleukin‐2 and interferon‐γ can be transported by Pgp.ConclusionsOur findings validate the use of the UIC2 shift assay in MDR1 detection and support the idea that Pgp plays a physiologic role in immunoregulation. Cytometry Part A 53A:67–78, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serodiagnosis of human plague by a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry
Authors: Splettstoesser W.D. , Grunow R. , Rahalison L. , Brooks T.J. , Chanteau S. , Neubauer H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundPlague is a severe, highly communicable bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis. It is still endemic in more than 20 countries worldwide. Although known as a devastating disease for centuries, laboratory confirmation of clinical suspected cases is still problematic. No standardized and internationally approved test system is commercially available. The aim of this study was the introduction and evaluation of a combination of immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry for the serodiagnosis of human plague.MethodsParamagnetic polystyrene beads were coated with purified F1 capsular antigen (F1 CA) and reacted with sera from plague patients, from 26 laboratory personnel vaccinated against plague and from 102 healthy blood donors (HBD). After incubation with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated anti‐human rabbit IgG, particle‐associated fluorescence was detected by flow cytometry.ResultsAnti‐F1 CA antibodies could be demonstrated in all patients with bacteriologically confirmed plague and in 22 sera (84.6%) from vaccinees. Only one serum in the HBD group showed a weakly positive reaction. The total assay time was less than 2 h.ConclusionsCompared with a recently published combination of an anti‐F1 CA enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot, the new assay showed the same sensitivity as the ELISA and almost the same specificity (99.0 versus 100%) as the immunoblot. Allowing a rapid, reliable, and quantitative analysis, immunomagnetic separation combined with flow cytometry might replace both conventional immunoassays. Cytometry Part A 53A:88–96, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human peripheral B cells: A different cytometric point of view
Authors: Carbonari Maurizio , Tedesco Tiziana , Fiorilli Massimo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundHuman peripheral B lymphocytes, analyzed by current flow cytometers, frequently show complex patterns of morphological and fluorescence signals. However, fluorescence intensity values are commonly reported without any correlation to the cell surface area. We propose a different approach, based on the evaluation of the ratio of phenotype fluorescence intensity to forward scatter intensity, to determine the apparent fluorescence density of surface molecules.MethodsStarting from list mode acquired data, and after logical gating of live B cells, the analytical procedure suggests a serial scanning of the FSC versus SSC plot to obtain apparent fluorescence density of progressively larger cells.ResultsThis method, applied to normal human peripheral B lymphocytes, was able to detect the presence of steady and modulated (with respect to cell size) fluorescence densities for a variety of surface molecules. B cells from patients with B cell disorders displayed interesting alterations of the phenotype density values and distributions.ConclusionsOur preliminary data show that, in human B cell cytometry, the apparent fluorescence density based method allows one to recognize variations in fluorescence intensities solely due to cell size differences and to disclose patterns of expression not detectable by the conventional intensity based approach. Cytometry Part A 53A:97–102, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New flow cytometric method to quantify the inhibition of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adhesion by anti‐adhesin antibodies
Authors: Boullier Séverine , Tasca Christian , Milon Alain 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundPathogenesis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infections can be divided in three stages. The first one is the intestinal colonization mediated by bacterial adhesins. The second and third stages are characterized by an intimate attachment of bacteria to the enterocytes. Little information is available on the specific immune response against EPEC. Here, we describe and validate a new approach to quantify the function of anti‐EPEC adhesin antibodies (Abs).MethodsWe developed a new method to quantify the function of anti‐adhesin Abs by flow cytometry. We used pEGFP‐E22 (a rabbit EPEC E22 strain expressing the GFP protein) and HeLa cells. The adhesion of E22 bacteria to HeLa cells is mediated by AF/R2, the specific E22 adhesin. We performed short‐time interaction (30 min) between pEGFP‐E22 and HeLa cells. After extensive washes, 10,000 HeLa cells were acquired by flow cytometry and bacterial adhesion was quantified. Different sera were used to inhibit bacterial adhesion and recombinant MPB‐Afr2G (Afr2G is the main AF/R2 subunit) was also tested in this system.ResultsWe first verified that GFP expression by E22 did not modify bacterial adhesion. We then showed that this flow cytometry approach allowed easy quantification of bacterial adhesion and inhibition mediated by a specific anti‐AF/R2 serum. Moreover, recombinant AF/R2 protein reversed the effect of the anti‐AF/R2 serum. Finally, we validated our method using sera from E22 orally infected rabbits. We detected and quantified with this method functional specific anti‐AF/R2 Abs in their sera. In addition, we correlated our results with an anti‐AF/R2 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ConclusionsWe have developed a new method to detect and quantify specific anti‐EPEC adhesin Abs by flow cytometry. This method is easy to use and highly reproducible. Its development could be extended to the search of specific anti‐adhesin Abs in human EPEC infections. Cytometry Part A 53A:79–87, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of resolution reduction on data analysis
Authors: Hunsberger B. , Bagwell C. B. , Herbert D. , Bray C. , Langweiler M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackgroundThere is often a need in flow cytometry to display and analyze histograms at resolutions lower than those native to the data. It is common, for example, to analyze DNA histograms at 256‐channel resolution, even though the data were acquired at 1,024 channels or more. The most common method for reducing resolution, referred to as the consecutive summation (CS) method, can introduce distortions into the shape of histograms. Peaks that were symmetric in the original data can become skewed in the reduced‐resolution histogram. Data analysis can be negatively affected by the distortions produced by reducing the histogram resolution. An alternative technique for reducing histogram resolution, the unbiased summation (US) method, minimizes shape distortion. This paper describes the US method and examines the benefits it provides in the analysis of DNA histograms.MethodsReduced chi‐square (RCS) was used to measure the response to three experimental variables in the least‐squares analysis of simulated DNA histograms. For each variable (the percentage of coefficient of variation [%CV], number of events, and mean position of the G1 distribution), a test data set of 1,000 histograms was generated at 1,024‐channel resolution. Histogram resolutions were reduced with each method and then analyzed with ModFit LT cell‐cycle analysis software (Verity Software House, Topsham, ME). S‐phase error and processor computation time of each method also were evaluated. A Monte Carlo experiment was performed to compare CS and US methods to theoretically correct reductions.ResultsCS method analysis results were negatively affected by changes in %CV, number of events, and G1 peak position. The US method produced consistently lower RCS values (more accurate results) within the tested ranges. The US method eliminated bias in S‐phase error and had negligible impact on analysis processing speed. It improved RCS values 44.50% on average (P < 0.0002) with actual DNA histograms. Whereas the CS method became less accurate (chi‐square test) as the amount of reduction increased, the US method was unaffected, producing consistently better results.ConclusionsThe US method is recommended for reducing histogram resolution in modeling applications such as DNA cell‐cycle analysis. It may have implications in other areas of flow cytometric data analysis. Cytometry Part A 53A:103–111, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is core needle biopsy superior to fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of papillary breast lesions?
Authors: Masood Shahla , Loya Asif , Khalbuss Walid 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSince the 1980s core needle biopsy (CNB) has gained remarkable popularity and in many institutions it has replaced fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). However, similar to FNAB, limitation remains in the ability of this procedure to reliably diagnose a small, but prognostically significant, number of breast lesions. These include entities such as atypical ductal hyperplasia, fibro‐epithelial tumors, radial scar, papillary lesions, and lobular neoplasia. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CNB vs. FNAB in the same breast lesions, we reviewed our cases of papillary lesions of the breast. In a retrospective study, we identified 36 cases of FNAB and 11 cases of CNB diagnosed as papillary lesions and compared the results with their corresponding surgical specimen. Interpretation ranged from papillary vs. atypical papillary lesions favoring benign vs. malignant tumors, respectively. Occasionally, definitive diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was entertained. Immunohistochemical staining with smooth muscle actin was used to evaluate the presence or absence of a myoepithelial cell layer. FNAB had benign findings in 21 lesions, atypical in 10, and malignant in five. Of the five lesions yielding malignant features, four had invasive carcinoma and one had micropapillary ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Surgery revealed invasive carcinoma in three of the cases interpreted as atypical papillary lesions and invasive cancer and micropapillary DCIS in three of the cases diagnosed as benign lesions. Similar results were obtained with CNB. DCIS was found in one out of six of the cases diagnosed as papilloma. Out of the four cases that were interpreted as atypical papillary lesion, surgery revealed invasive carcinoma in one case and one case had micropapillary DCIS. Diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed by histology in one case interpreted as papillary carcinoma by CNB. This study suggested that both FNAB and CNB share similar diagnostic challenges and a follow‐up surgical excision is indicated when diagnosis of a papillary lesion is entertained by both procedures. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:329–334. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.