bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell type specific polyploidization in the royal fat body of termite queens
Authors: Nozaki Tomonari , Tasaki Eisuke , Matsuura Kenji 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTissue-specific endopolyploidy is widespread among plants and animals and its role in organ development and function has long been investigated. In insects, the fat body cells of sexually mature females produce substantial amounts of egg yolk precursor proteins (vitellogenins) and exhibit high polyploid levels, which is considered crucial for boosting egg production. Termites are social insects with a reproductive division of labor, and the fat bodies of mature termite queens exhibit higher ploidy levels than those of other females. The fat bodies of mature termite queens are known to be histologically and cytologically specialized in protein synthesis. However, the relationship between such modifications and polyploidization remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the relationship among cell type, queen maturation, and ploidy levels in the fat body of the termite Reticulitermes speratus. We first confirmed that the termite fat body consists of two types of cells, that is, adipocytes, metabolically active cells, and urocytes, urate-storing cells. Our ploidy analysis using flow cytometry has shown that the fat bodies of actively reproducing queens had more polyploid cells than those of newly emerged and pre-reproductive queens, regardless of the queen phenotype (adult or neotenic type). Using image-based analysis, we found that not urocytes, but adipocytes became polyploid during queen differentiation and subsequent sexual maturation. These results suggest that polyploidization in the termite queen fat body is associated with sexual maturation and is regulated in a cell type-specific manner. Our study findings have provided novel insights into the development of insect fat bodies and provide a basis for future studies to understand the functional importance of polyploidy in the fat bodies of termite queens.
Pseudoaveraging for denoising of OCT angiography: a deep learning approach for image quality enhancement in healthy and diabetic eyes
Authors: Abu-Qamar Omar , Lewis Warren , Mendonca Luisa S. M. , De Sisternes Luis , Chin Adam , Alibhai A. Yasin , Gendelman Isaac , Reichel Elias , Magazzeni Stephanie , Kubach Sophie , Durbin Mary , Witkin Andre J. , Baumal Caroline R. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm that enhances the quality of a single-frame enface OCTA scan to make it comparable to 4-frame averaged scan without the need for the repeated acquisitions required for averaging.

Methods
Each of the healthy eyes and eyes from diabetic subjects that were prospectively enrolled in this cross-sectional study underwent four repeated 6 × 6 mm macular scans (PLEX Elite 9000 SS-OCT), and the repeated scans of each eye were co-registered to produce 4-frame averages. This prospective dataset of original (single-frame) enface scans and their corresponding averaged scans was divided into a training dataset and a validation dataset. In the training dataset, a DL algorithm (named pseudoaveraging) was trained using original scans as input and 4-frame averages as target. In the validation dataset, the pseudoaveraging algorithm was applied to single-frame scans to produce pseudoaveraged scans, and the single-frame and its corresponding averaged and pseudoaveraged scans were all qualitatively compared. In a separate retrospectively collected dataset of single-frame scans from eyes of diabetic subjects, the DL algorithm was applied, and the produced pseudoaveraged scan was qualitatively compared against its corresponding original.

Results
This study included 39 eyes that comprised the prospective dataset (split into 5 eyes for training and 34 eyes for validating the DL algorithm), and 105 eyes that comprised the retrospective test dataset. Of the total 144 study eyes, 58% had any level of diabetic retinopathy (with and without diabetic macular edema), and the rest were from healthy eyes or eyes of diabetic subjects but without diabetic retinopathy and without macular edema. Grading results in the validation dataset showed that the pseudoaveraged enface scan ranked best in overall scan quality, background noise reduction, and visibility of microaneurysms (p < 0.05). Averaged scan ranked best for motion artifact reduction (p < 0.05). Grading results in the test dataset showed that pseudoaveraging resulted in enhanced small vessels, reduction of background noise, and motion artifact in 100%, 82%, and 98% of scans, respectively. Rates of false-positive/-negative perfusion were zero.

Conclusion
Pseudoaveraging is a feasible DL approach to more efficiently improve enface OCTA scan quality without introducing notable image artifacts.
Efficacy of native Bacillus isolates against different larval instars of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda alone and in combination
Authors: Karshanal J. , Kalia Vinay Kumari 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) Lepidoptera: Noctuidae is an invasive polyphagous pest that causes severe damage to several agricultural crops. The use of pesticides is limited because of their mode of feeding and resistant development. Hence, the present work aimed to determine the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic bacteria (Bacillus spp.) against FAW in terms of mortality and growth inhibition. In this study, initially 49 native Bacillus isolates, isolated from diverse habitats in India, along with five reference strains, were screened for their efficacy against neonates of S. frugiperda under controlled laboratory conditions, followed by virulence and combinatorial bioassays.

Results
Five native Bacillus isolates (VKK1, VKK5, S16C2, S25C1, and SOIL 20) showed mortality in the range of 35.49–65.52% against neonates of S. frugiperda at single concentration (1000 μg g−1 of diet). These five isolates, along with one reference strain Btk-HD1 (Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki strain HD1), were further tested to find the median lethal concentration (LC50) for neonates of S. frugiperda. Among these, native Bt strain VKK5 showed the lowest LC50 (718.40 µg/g of diet) and HD1 showed the highest LC50 (3352 µg/g of diet). Combinatorial bioassay against neonate and third instar larvae showed that the combination of VKK5 and VKK1 had an additive effect. Moreover, growth inhibition was also recorded.

Conclusion
The combination of Bt strains leads to an enhancement of pathogenicity toward FAW larvae at the initial stage of development, and in later stages, it affects their growth and development. Thus, biocontrol of FAW by entomopathogenic bacteria (Bt) can play a vital role in the effective management of FAW.
Composite nanofiltration membrane with tannic acid coordinated collagen fibers for enhanced molecule separation
Authors: Xie Yinshan , Ge Zihao , Li Xin , Wang Yi , Liu Fei , Li Jian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiomass-based membranes have attracted increasing attentions due to their cheap and sustainable advantages. In this work, a novel thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration (NF) membrane was fabricated through a facial interfacial polymerization (IP) process by initiate the crosslinking reaction between collagen fibers (CFs) and tannic acid (TA). The increased TA concentrations endowed the TFC membrane with a higher crosslinking degree, a thicker active layer and a rougher top surface. At optimized condition with 0.60 mg TA decoration, the TFC-3 membrane exhibited a high water permeability of 23.49 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 with high rejections above 98.0% for congo red, reactive blue 19, coomassie blue G-250, and methyl blue. Furthermore, the membrane preserved remarkable salt retentions (93.3% for Na2SO4, 83.4% for MgSO4, 36.2% for MgCl2, and 26.4% for NaCl) and satisfying operation stability. This facial fabrication method offered a new insight to employ biomass for molecular precise separation.
Graphical abstract
Surgical Apgar Score in thoracic surgery: how to see it coming?
Authors: Elkhayat Hussein 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRisk scores are very crucial for modern surgical practice. In thoracic surgery, it is important to know when a patient might need postoperative intensive care or an early second look for bleeding before it is too late. The Surgical Apgar Score is a simple yet informative tool to help surgeons preemptively prepare and help their patients in a prompt manner.
Isolation of curcumin from Lakadong turmeric of Meghalaya and development of its PLGA-Cur-NS loaded nanogel for potential anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity in Wistar rats
Authors: Sarma Sanjib K. , Dutta Uloopi , Bharali Alakesh , Kumar Suman , Baruah Sunayna , Sarma Himangshu , Laloo Damiki , Sahu Bhanu P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Lakadong turmeric (LKD) from Meghalaya, India, boasts high curcumin levels, but lacks scientific study. Moreover, Curcumin's poor solubility hinders its clinical use in inflammation and wound healing. This study isolated curcumin from LKD, forming a PLGA nanosuspension-based nanogel and explored for its potential anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity in Wistar rats.

Methodology
The LKD rhizome was successively extracted by soxhlet using chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol and their total phenolic content and antioxidant property was determined. Chloroform extract was loaded in column chromatography and curcumin was isolated, purified and characterized by FTIR, NMR, DSC, MS and HPTLC and its purity was analyzed by HPLC. The isolated curcumin was loaded into PLGA nanosuspensions by nanoprecipitation method followed by conversion to carbopol based Nanogel. The nanogels were characterized physicochemically and the drug permeation was observed. The optimized nanogel was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory and cutaneous wound healing activity by carrageenan-induced paw edema and excision wound model in albino Wistar rats divided in five groups and treated with plain carbopol gel, marketed turmeric cream and Cur NS nanogel (0.6% w/w equivalent curcumin each).

Results
Results depicted that the chloroform extract showed the presence of a considerable amount of phenolics with 50-60% yield of curcumin. HPLC analysis depicted that the LKD curcumin had higher purity when compared to standard curcumin. Homogenous curcumin nanosuspensions were obtained with size 150 ± 50 nm and PDI 0.2 ± 0.1. The Cur-NS-nanogel showed satisfactory physical property, drug loading and stability. Ex vivo permeation studies in rats showed controlled permeation with steady state flux of 21.28 ± 0.23 µg/cm2/hr in 24 h. Topical intervention with Cur-NS-nanogel (0.6%) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the paw volume by 43.97% in the 3rd hour and 72.19% on the 4th hour. Furthermore, the cutaneous wound healing property of Cur-NS-nanogel when compared to negative control rats showed a substantial (p < 0.05) reduction in the percentage wound contraction from 5 to 20th days.

Conclusion
LKD showed high curcumin content with significant antioxidant effects. LKD curcumin loaded into stable nanogel depicted safe and controlled skin permeability with promising cutaneous wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity in experimental rats.
Spin-Orbit Interactions (SOIs) related to super-symmetry and pseudo-super-symmetry: Time-reversed
generators and
Authors: Chakraborty Arindam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A class of Hamiltonians involving various Spin-Orbit Interactions (SOIs) have been constructed from suitable choices of supercharges involving components of linear momenta and spin. A set of

extensions of those Hamiltonians have been introduced. In one such example, two different non-trivial pairs of supercharges corresponding to the same model have been observed.
The Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio Is Associated With Volumetric Bone Density in Older Men
Authors: Ginsberg Charles , Blackwell Terri , Cheng Jonathan H , Potok O Alison , Cauley Jane A , Ensrud Kristine E , Hsu Simon , Kado Deborah M , Orwoll Eric , Cawthon Peggy M , Ix Joachim H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Context
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is the current marker of vitamin D adequacy, but its relationship with bone health has been inconsistent. The ratio of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to 25(OH)D3 (vitamin D metabolite ratio or VMR) is a marker of vitamin D that has been associated with longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk.

Objective
High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) provides information on bone health beyond standard dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, in that it measures volumetric BMD (vBMD) as well bone strength. The relationship of the VMR with vBMD and bone strength remains unknown.

Methods
We evaluated the associations of the VMR and 25(OH)D3 with vBMD and bone strength in the distal radius and tibia, assessed by HR-pQCT in 545 older men participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study. Primary outcomes were vBMD and estimated failure load (EFL, a marker of bone strength) at the distal radius and tibia.

Results
The mean age was 84 ± 4 years, 88.3% were White, and 32% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In adjusted models, each twofold higher VMR was associated with a 9% (3%, 16%) higher total vBMD and a 13% (5%, 21%) higher EFL at the distal radius. Results were similar at the distal tibia. 25(OH)D3 concentrations were not associated with any of the studied outcomes.

Conclusion
Among older men, a higher VMR was associated with greater vBMD and bone strength while 25(OH)D3 was not. The VMR may serve as a valuable marker of skeletal health in older men.
Validation of Efficacy and Safety of TachoSil® Tissue Sealant for Vessel Transposition in Microvascular Decompression
Authors: Mori Kentaro , Otani Naoki , Toyooka Terushige , Morita Shuhei , Numazawa Shinichi , Wada Kojiro , Watanabe Sadayoshi 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Use of TachoSil® as the transposition material of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) and trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is easy and safe to perform, but the efficacy and safety of this technique are unknown. This study attempted to validate the efficacy and safety of TachoSil® as a transposition material of MVD.

METHODS:
A retrospective study of the surgical results and complications of 63 patients (35 HFS and 28 TN) treated by the TachoSil® technique between January 2011 and December 2021 was conducted. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up study was performed to detect any adverse events including a mass formation.

RESULTS:
The rate of complete disappearance of HFS was 91.4% at 1 year and estimated to be 85.7% after a 10-year follow-up. The rate of no pain without medication for TN was 85.4% at 1 year and estimated to be 69.0% after a 9-year follow-up. These surgical results are comparable with those previously reported. Flaking of TachoSil® releasing the offending artery was only recognized in one case (1.6%). Therefore, TachoSil® can be considered as an effective transposition material for MVD. TachoSil® did not increase the rate of acute and subacute adverse events such as inflammation and delayed facial palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging follow-up identified no abnormalities including mass that suggested granuloma formation.

CONCLUSION:
The efficacy of the TachoSil® technique for HFS and TN and the reliability of TachoSil® as an adhesive material in MVD were verified. No adverse events associated with TachoSil® use in MVD were found. We conclude that the TachoSil® technique has relatively long efficacy and safety for MVD.
The Paramedian Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Jean Walter C. 
Published: October 2023

INDICATIONS:
The supracerebellar-infratentorial approach uses the plane between the tentorium and the superior surface of the cerebellum to expose the pineal region.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS:
The bone opening is just underneath the level of the transverse sinus, and so its position must be noted preoperatively. The anatomy of the internal cerebral veins and the veins of Galen and Rosenthal should be examined as well.

ESSENTIALS STEPS OF THE PROCEDURE:
The sitting position allows gravity-assisted expansion of the supracerebellar corridor, and a paramedian approach provides the biggest working space in the TIGER triangle, delineated by the tentorial surface of the cerebellum, the internal cerebral vein/Galen complex, and the vein of Rosenthal. The veil of arachnoid beyond the triangle must be carefully opened to expose the pineal region.

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:
For the sitting position, the operative team must be careful about air emboli. A patent foramen ovale is a contraindication for the position. The deep veins must be handled delicately to avoid complications.

VARIANTS AND INDICATIONS FOR THEIR USE:
Several variations are shown in this video. For visualization, augmented reality is helpful, but since current augmented reality technology is microscope-based, its use can be ergonomically challenging if the tentorium is steep.
1
Our current preference is to use the exoscope for the major portion of the procedure until most of the tumor is out and then switch to hand-held endoscopes with various angles to finish the operation.
The patients consented to the surgery, and all relevant participants consented to publication of their images.
Floral biology and phenological studies of Datura metel L. in Tripura, Northeast India, with special reference to floral morphotypes
Authors: Das Aparajita , Kar Somnath , Bhattacharya Panchatapa , Das Sani , Bora Dixit , Datta Badal Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Datura metel L. is an important medicinal plants of Tripura. There are four floral morpho-types found throughout India. The floral biology of four morpho-types of D. metel L. collected from different places of Tripura state have been investigated based on their morphological and palynological study. Initiation of the floral bud, anthesis, pollen viability, pollen germination, and pollen production are the topics covered in the present study. The present study includes photographic representations and UPGMA dendrogram for quick identification, as well as a detailed explanation of four morpho-types of the species.
Search and Matching in Political Corruption
Authors: Lisciandra Maurizio , Miralles Asensio Antonio , Monteforte Fabio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We develop a search and matching model to analyze the dynamics of the political corruption market. This model serves as a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of a set of anti-corruption policies. Contrary to expectations, conventional policies such as enhancing penalties or allocating greater resources to criminal investigations do not universally emerge as the most effective tools. For mitigating small-scale political corruption, the optimal strategy is to curtail corruption signaling, achieved, for instance, through enhancing transparency and competitiveness in the exchanges between entrepreneurs and politicians. For large-scale corruption, raising the costs of corruption signaling proves less effective as a deterrent compared to ex-post policy measures, such as improved detection effectiveness and harsher sanctions.
Machine learning in sensor identification for industrial systems
Authors: Weber Lucas , Lenz Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the potential and limitations of machine learning for sensor signal identification in complex industrial systems. The objective is a tool to assist engineers in finding the correct inputs to digital twins and simulations from a set of unlabeled sensor signals. A naive end-to-end machine learning approach is usually not applicable to this task, as it would require many comparable industrial systems to learn from. We present a semi-structured approach that uses observations from the manual classification of time series and combines different algorithms to partition the set of signals into smaller groups of signals that share common characteristics. Using a real-world dataset from several power plants, we evaluate our solution for scaling-invariant measurement identification and functional relationship inference using change-point correlations.
Exosomal circ-0020887 and circ-0009590 as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients
Authors: Wang Guan , Wang Chun , Huang Zhengyi , Sun Shuai , Chen Yanjun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study attempted to identify exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs (DEECs) were screened from microarray dataset (GSE160717 and GSE197137) and RNA-Seq dataset (GSE208194), and the expression levels of DEECs in patients with STEMI were validated using reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. The diagnostic value of DEECs was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. The major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)-free 1-year survival rate was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the factors affecting prognosis were determined using Cox regression model analysis. Results showed that four DEECs were screened including exo-circ-0001490, exo-circ-0020887, exo-circ-0009590, and exo-circ-0055440, and only upregulated exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was validated in patients with STEMI. The exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was positively correlated with hs-CRP, LDL-C, cTnI, and CK-MB. The exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 showed good diagnostic efficacy to distinguish STEMI patients from healthy controls (area under the curves: 0.85 and 0.80). STEMI patients with high levels of exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 had lower MACE-free 1-year survival rate, and exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 expression was independent risk factors for adverse prognosis. In summary, upregulation of plasma exo-circ-0020887 and exo-circ-0009590 might act as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of short-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with STEMI.
Diversity matters — extending sound intensity coding by inner hair cells via heterogeneous synapses
Authors: Moser Tobias , Karagulyan Nare , Neef Jakob , Jaime Tobón Lina María 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur sense of hearing enables the processing of stimuli that differ in sound pressure by more than six orders of magnitude. How to process a wide range of stimulus intensities with temporal precision is an enigmatic phenomenon of the auditory system. Downstream of dynamic range compression by active cochlear micromechanics, the inner hair cells (IHCs) cover the full intensity range of sound input. Yet, the firing rate in each of their postsynaptic spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) encodes only a fraction of it. As a population, spiral ganglion neurons with their respective individual coding fractions cover the entire audible range. How such “dynamic range fractionation” arises is a topic of current research and the focus of this review. Here, we discuss mechanisms for generating the diverse functional properties of SGNs and formulate testable hypotheses. We postulate that an interplay of synaptic heterogeneity, molecularly distinct subtypes of SGNs, and efferent modulation serves the neural decomposition of sound information and thus contributes to a population code for sound intensity.