bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression levels of the putative zinc transporter LIV‐1 are associated with a better outcome of breast cancer patients
Authors: Kasper Grit , Weiser Armin A. , Rump Andreas , Sparbier Katrin , Dahl Edgar , Hartmann Arndt , Wild Peter , Schwidetzky Uta , Castaños‐Vélez Esmeralda , Lehmann Kerstin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigated the expression pattern of the breast cancer associated gene LIV‐1 on mRNA and protein level in 111 human breast cancer patients by in situ hybridization as well as immunohistochemistry and focused on the unknown potential of LIV‐1 expression levels as a prognostic marker. To our knowledge, this is the first study on endogenous LIV‐1 protein expression. Results of our study indicate that LIV‐1 mRNA and protein expression levels are only weakly correlated, suggesting posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, LIV‐1 mRNA quantity in combination with a positive ER status seem to represent a better marker than the progesterone receptor status according to the prognostic significance for relapse free survival (RFS). A negative correlation of LIV‐1 protein levels with tumor size, grade and stage reflects an association of LIV‐1 protein expression with less aggressive tumors. High LIV‐1 protein expression seems to be associated with a longer relapse free and overall survival in breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. This association, however, seems to be dependent from other prognostic markers. Our data suggest that LIV‐1 is a promising candidate for a novel marker for breast cancer patients with better outcome. Furthermore, our study presents a revised cDNA sequence of LIV‐1 and demonstrates the localization of endogenous LIV‐1 in the endoplasmic reticulum. (Supplementary material for this article can be found on the International Journal of Cancer website at http://www.interscience. wiley.com/jpages/0020‐7136/suppmat/index.html). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐throughput tissue microarray analysis of CMYC amplificationin urinary bladder cancer
Authors: Zaharieva Boriana , Simon Ronald , Ruiz Christian , Oeggerli Martin , Mihatsch Michael J. , Gasser Thomas , Sauter Guido , Toncheva Draga 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlterations of chromosome 8, preferentially deletions of 8p and gains of 8q, belong to the most frequent cytogenetic changes in bladder cancer. CMYC on 8q24 is a candidate oncogene in this region. Little is known about the clinical significance of CMYC copy number changes in urinary bladder cancer because its frequency is low and a limited numbers of tumors were analyzed so far. To investigate the impact of CMYC alterations on tumor progression and patient prognosis in bladder cancer, we applied FISH to a tissue microarray containing 2317 bladder cancer samples. Presence of CMYC copy number increase was associated with advanced stage and high grade. CMYC amplifications were seen in 3 of 467 pTa (0.6%), 10 of 247 pT1 (4%) and 11 of 201 pT2–4 urothelial carcinomas (5.5%; p < 0.0001), as well as in 1 of 123 G1 (0.8%), 8 of 470 G2 (1.7%) and 17 of 365 G3 urothelial carcinomas (4.7%; p < 0.0001). CMYC gains were present in 49 of 467 pTa (10.5%), 39 of 247 pT1 (15.8%) and 43 of 201 pT2–4 urothelial carcinoma (21.4%; p < 0.0001), as well as in 7 of 123 G1 (5.7%), 56 of 470 G2 (11.9%) and 72 of 365 G3 urothelial carcinomas (19.7%; p < 0.0001). CMYC copy number changes were unrelated to prognosis of bladder cancer patients. We conclude that alterations of the CMYC gene, including copy number gains and amplifications, are linked to genetically unstable bladder cancers that are characterized by a high histologic grade and/or invasive growth. Patient prognosis was not affected by CMYC gene copy number changes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of the small transmembrane and glycosylated protein SMAGP supports metastasis formation of a rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma line
Authors: Tarbé Nesrine G. , Rio Marie‐Christine , Hummel Susanne , Weidle Ulrich H. , Zöller Margot 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSmall cell transmembrane and glycosylated protein (SMAGP) was recently identified in the metastasizing rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma line BSp73ASML. SMAGP, an evolutionary conserved transmembrane protein, is expressed on lateral epithelial cell membranes. SMAGP expression was restricted to or was upregulated in several metastasizing as compared to nonmetastasizing human and rat tumor lines. In contrast to nontransformed tissue, SMAGP was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, as has already been described for high‐grade human colorectal cancer. This raised the question on the impact of SMAGP on tumor progression. To answer the question, metastasis formation was evaluated in the nonmetastasizing rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma subline BSp73AS (AS), which was stably transfected with SMAGP cDNA (AS‐SMAGP). Cytoplasmic SMAGP expression promoted cell agglomeration, but inhibited tumor cell proliferation, adhesion to and migration toward vitronectin and matrigel invasion, which was accompanied by a failure of actin reorganization. AS‐SMAGP clones strongly promoted metastasis formation by dislodgment of normal tissue; 82% of rats developed lymph node metastasis as compared to 22% of rats receiving AS or mock‐cDNA‐transfected AS cells. The incidence of lung metastasis was increased from 6% in AS to 98% in AS‐SMAGP tumor‐bearing rats. Thus, SMAGP strongly promotes tumor progression. This likely is due to redistribution from the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm. SMAGP redistribution does not only facilitate tumor cell detachment from neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix, but obviously contributes actively by a not yet defined mechanism to tumor cell agglomeration and capillary plugging. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ribozyme‐targeting reveals the rate‐limiting role of pleiotrophin in glioblastoma
Authors: Grzelinski Marius , Bader Nicole , Czubayko Frank , Aigner Achim 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGlioblastomas (GBMs) are the most frequent malignant brain tumors with very limited treatment options and nearly all GBM patients dying within 1 year. Pleiotrophin (PTN, HB‐GAM, HBNF, OSF‐1) is a secreted growth factor that shows mitogenic, chemotactic and transforming activity. While PTN expression is tightly regulated during embryogenesis and very limited in normal adult tissues, a marked PTN upregulation is seen in tumors including glioblastomas. Targeting of the PTN receptors, ALK and RPTP‐zeta, indicates a contribution of PTN‐activated signaling pathways in glioblastomas. However, the relevance of PTN expression itself is unknown especially since, besides PTN, at least one more growth factor, midkine (MK), signals through ALK and is expressed in glioblastoma. Here we demonstrate the biologic relevance of PTN in 2 glioblastoma cell linesin vitroandin vivo. We show that stable ribozyme‐targeting leads to a robust reduction of PTN mRNA and protein levels. This results in decreased cell proliferation, cell migration and soft agar colony formationin vitro. Comparing clonal ribozyme‐transfected cells with different residual PTN levels, we establish a PTN gene‐dose effect of glioblastoma cell proliferation. In a subcutaneous tumor xenograft mouse model,in vivogrowth is markedly reduced upon PTN depletion, which is paralleled by decreased PTN serum levels. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors shows reduced angiogenesis in PTN‐depleted tumors. We conclude that PTN is a rate‐limiting growth factor in glioblastoma. Since PTN is overexpressed in glioblastomas but rarely found in normal tissue, PTN may represent an attractive therapeutic target. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender difference in estrogen receptor alpha promoter hypermethylation and its prognostic value in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lai Ji‐Ching , Cheng Ya‐Wen , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Wu Ming‐Fang , Chen Chin‐Yi , Lee Huei 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been documented that estrogen receptor (ER) transcription silencing due to hypermethylation is linked to the tumor progression of breast, uterine and prostate cancers. Additionally, ER hypermethylation in lung tumors has been associated with the exposure of specific carcinogens in animal study. The role of hypermethylation‐induced ER transcription silencing in lung tumor progression and its prognostic value for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remained unclear. In our study, ER hypermethylation of 123 lung tumors and adjacent normal parts were examined by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). Estrogen receptor mRNA expression in lung tumors was determined by RT‐PCR. Our data indicated that ER hypermethylation was only detected in lung tumors, but not in adjacent normal lung tissues. This suggests that ER hypermethylation may be associated with lung tumorigenesis. Among the clinical parameters studied, only gender factor was correlated with ER hypermethylation with a higher frequency of ER hypermethylation being in male patients than in female patients (58 vs. 34%, p = 0.01). After being stratified by gender and cigarette smoking status, a similarly high prevalence of ER hypermethylation was found in male smoking and nonsmoking patients (60 vs. 61%) as compared to that of female nonsmoking patients (34%). To investigate if 17‐β estradiol (E2) was responsible for such gender difference in ER hypermethylation, a lung cancer A549 cell with ER hypermethylation and without ER mRNA expression was treated with E2 of various concentrations for defined time intervals to show that an E2 treatment could restore the expression of ER mRNA and eliminate ER hypermethylation. Western blot data also showed that acetylated histone 3 and histone 4 of chromatin were increased significantly by E2 treatment. Thus, E2 can make ER mRNA re‐expression by eliminating ER hypermethylation. To elucidate the prognostic value of ER hypermethylation, Kaplan‐Meier analysis was carried out to show that patients with ER hypermethylation had a poorer prognosis than those without ER hypermethylation. Such prognostic prediction, however, applied only to male (p = 0.0044) patients. Cox regression analysis further showed the feasibility of ER hypermethylation as an independent prognostic factor of NSCLC (p = 0.007). It is possible that antiestrogens may have different therapeutic values for male and female lung cancer patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TP53BP2 locus is associated with gastric cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ju Hyoungseok , Lee Kyung‐A , Yang Misuk , Kim Hee‐Jin , Kang Changsoo Paul , Sohn Tae‐Sung , Rhee Jong‐Chul , Kang Changwon , Kim Jong‐Won 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe investigated the association of the TP53BP2 locus with gastric cancer susceptibility in a Korean population. We assayed 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in an 82.5 kb region that included the TP53BP2 locus in 233 male gastric cancer patients and 390 unaffected healthy male controls. The allelic frequencies of 4 SNP within TP53BP2, g.206692C>T, g.198267A>T, g.164895G>A and g.152389A>T, differed significantly between cases and controls (p ≤ 0.0376). When compared to carriers of non‐risk alleles, individuals homozygotic for each of the risk alleles had a 50% increase in risk of gastric cancer (age‐adjusted odds ratio [OR] =≥ 1.48; p ≤ 0.0371). Furthermore, these 4 significantly associated SNP were in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 ≥ 0.51). Haplotype analysis showed that individuals with the CAGA haplotype, consisting of the risk alleles at each SNP, had a 1.55‐fold higher risk for gastric cancer than individuals with the haplotype TTAT, consisting of the non‐risk alleles at each SNP (OR = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13–2.14; p = 0.00705). Two other SNP were not polymorphic in the study subjects, whereas the other 3 SNP, located toward the outside of the TP53BP2 locus, were not associated with gastric cancer susceptibility. Although the location of the pathogenic variant is not yet known, our results suggest that the TP53BP2 locus is associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Korean population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of lipid peroxidation and H2O2‐mediated DNA damage by a red alga (Grateloupia filicina) methanolic extract
Authors: Athukorala Yasantha , Lee Ki‐Wan , Park Eun‐Ju , Heo Moon‐Soo , Yeo In‐Kyu , Lee Young‐Don , Jeon You‐Jin 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe antioxidant activity of an extract of Grateloupia filicina was evaluated using linoleic acid and fish oil as substrates in an induct period at 65 °C. Furthermore, the algal extract was subjected to comet assay to evaluate its protecting ability for H2O2‐induced DNA damage in rat lymphocytes. Progression of oxidation was examined using weight gain, peroxide value (PV), 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and conjugated diene data. Effectiveness of the extract at 0.03 and 0.05% levels was superior to that of α‐tocopherol at 0.01% and the activity of 0.05% extract was higher than that of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene at 0.01%. Also, the algal extract significantly inhibited H2O2 induced DNA damage in comet assay. The maximum DNA damage inhibition (68.9%) was recorded from the 50 µg ml−1 alga extract when the rat lymphocyte cells were treated with 50 µM H2O2. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Disinfection of fishmeal with radiofrequency heating for improved quality and energy efficiency
Authors: Lagunas‐Solar Manuel C , Zeng Nolan X , Essert Timothy K , Truong Tin D , Piña Cecilia , Cullor James S , Smith Wayne L , Larraín Ricardo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRadiofrequency (RF) heating was investigated as an alternative to cooking, drying or chemical disinfection for the preservation of fishmeal and shown to be a highly effective process without any detectable effects, particularly on proteins, lipids or in vivo digestibility. The uniform and deep penetration of RF waves resulted in rapid and homogeneous heating allowing ∼4 times lower thermal loads to be used for >5 log10 (>99.999%) reduction in infection levels for Salmonella spp and for Escherichia coli O157:H7. Simultaneously, the natural flora was reduced by >3 log10 (>99.9%). The RF process can be operated in the 70–90 °C range and with high energy‐use efficiency (∼50%), which compares well with the 10–15% efficiency for conventional surface heating methods. Industry and expert laboratories confirmed these results. RF heating is thus a new alternative thermal process that is particularly appropriate for disinfecting fishmeal or for reprocessing it rapidly and efficiently with full retention of its natural attributes. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Seed decontamination as an intervention step for eliminating Escherichia coli on salad vegetables and herbs
Authors: Warriner Keith , Ibrahim Faozia , Dickinson Matthew , Wright Charles , Waites William M 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe efficacy of seed decontamination to enhance the safety of salad vegetables and herbs was evaluated. Seeds (celery, coriander, lettuce, spinach and watercress) were inoculated (at a level of 3–5 log cfu g−1) with either Escherichia coli P36 or Listeria monocytogenes NCTC 7973 and decontaminated with ozone gas, acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) or quaternary ammonium salt preparation (QAS). None of the treatments applied were initially effective at inactivating E coli on lettuce or spinach seeds as the bacterium could be recovered on the subsequent seedlings. However, as the cultivation period progressed, E coli numbers on plants derived from decontaminated seeds declined to below the level of detection. Interestingly, E coli persisted on the surface of lettuce and spinach leaves from inoculated non‐treated seeds throughout the 42‐day cultivation period. E coli also persisted on coriander derived from inoculated non‐treated seeds although it was isolated sporadically on plants derived from QAS‐decontaminated seed. E coli numbers progressively declined on celery and watercress regardless of the seed decontamination treatment being applied. No L monocytogenes was recovered from any of the seedlings, possibly because of the growth‐suppressing effect of endogenous microflora. The results suggest that effective on‐farm controls, such as seed decontamination, should be considered in order to reduce the risk of pathogens associated with salad vegetables and herbs. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Fair trade, business and sustainable development
Authors: Young William , Utting Karla 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFair trade has never been more popular, with worldwide sales soaring. This editorial to the special issue of Sustainable Development on ‘Fair trade, business and sustainable development’ introduces the topic and papers within the special issue. It discusses the success of the ‘fairtrade’ brand and the impacts of fair trade schemes as well as the future of the brand. The paper concludes that this alternative trading system does work in practical terms and in helping marginalized producers in developing countries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
α‐Glucosidase in Pompe's disease
Authors: Broadhead D. M. , Butterworth J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIsoelectric precipitation at pH 5.0 and the use of the inhibitors, turanose, maltose and citrate, enabled the diagnosis of Pompe's disease to be made in dextran‐isolated leucocytes using 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐α‐D‐gluco‐pyranoside as substrate. These techniques were unnecessary with lymphocytes as the deficiency of acid α‐glucosidase could be shown directly.
Disordered intestinal function in glycogen storage disease
Authors: Milla P. J. , Atherton D. A. , Leonard J. V. , Wolff O. H. , Lake B. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe classical features of Type I glycogen storage disease (McKusick 23220) (GSD) are hepatomegaly, hypoglycaemia, and acidosis, enlargement of the kidneys and short stature. Glucose‐6‐phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.9) activity is defective not only in liver and kidney but also in small intestine (Fieldet al., 1965). In addition to the classical features, many patients suffer from episodes of diarrhoea (Fineet al., 1969).At the Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, patients with the commoner forms of hepatic glycogen storage disease have episodes of diarrhoea or loose stools more commonly than was suspected. We have investigated small intestinal function in three patients with Type I GSD by bothin vitro andin vivo techniques.
Fructose load test—anin vivo screening test designed to assess pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and interconversion
Authors: Stansbie D. , Sherriff R. J. , Denton R. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAnin vivo screening test is described, which is designed to assess the activity and interconversion of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Oral fructose was administered to six healthy subjects following (a) an overnight fast and (b) an oral glucose load. The rise in blood pyruvate and lactate levels following fructose was almost twice as great in the fasted state compared to the fed (post‐glucose) state. It is proposed that this difference is due to the conversion of pyruvate dehydrogenase to its active form, following feeding.
Prenatal and postnatal diagnostic difficulties in a family with rare alleles of the galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase locus
Authors: Christensen E. , Brandt N. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWhole‐blood galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase (Gal‐PUT) (EC 2.7.7.12) activity was absent in a newborn boy with galactosaemic symptoms. The symptoms disappeared on a galactose free diet.In the next pregnancy prenatal diagnosis was performed. Gal‐PUT activity was measured by isotope technique and Gal‐PUT genotype was determined by gel electrophoresis. The mother was shown to be heterozygous Duarte/heterozygous Los Angeles, the father heterozygous Duarte/heterozygous galactosaemia. The fetus had the same genotype as the father. A normal girl without galactosaemic symptoms was born. Reinvestigation of the index case showed that he was also heterozygous Duarte/heterozygous galactosaemia.It is concluded that the activity of Gal‐PUT should always be measured by isotope technique to prove the diagnosis of hereditary galactosaemia. Furthermore, Gal‐PUT‐genotyping in families with rare alleles is essential for safe prenatal diagnosis.
Perspectives on Surgery in the New South Africa
Authors: Bornman Philippus C. , Krige Jake E.J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRadical changes have occurred in the health care system since the democratization of South Africa in 1994, with the emphasis on improving previously neglected community‐based primary health care. Because of the resultant financial constraints, funding of tertiary academic centers has been drastically cut which has compromised their proud record of service, teaching, and research excellence. Tertiary surgery has been particularly affected and now lags in the acquisition of new technologies which form an integral part of teaching and modern day practice. The acute shortage of full‐time surgeons in regional public hospitals has prompted the government to fill vacancies with surgeons from foreign countries. In stark contrast, an abundance of surgeons in the relatively small private sector enjoy the benefits of the very best of First World medicine. The ultimate goal is a seamless progression of effective health care at all levels. It behooves the main role players to ensure that the high standard of training of South African doctors, which has international recognition, is maintained during this transition period.
Clinical correlates of poor sleep quality in posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Germain Anne , Buysse Daniel J. , Shear M. Kathy , Fayyad Rana , Austin Carol 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSleep disturbances (SD) are a core clinical feature of PTSD. The goal of the study was to determine the influence of patient‐related characteristics, disorder‐related characteristics, and psychiatric co‐morbidity on the severity of SD in PTSD outpatients (n = 367) who were not recruited for a sleep study. Increased severity of SD paralleled increasing overall PTSD severity. The severity of SD did not differ according to gender, age groups, types of trauma, PTSD chronicity, or psychiatric comorbidity. Results suggest that age, gender, and psychiatric comorbidity have minimal impact on sleep quality in this PTSD sample. The inclusion of PTSD patients who were not specifically seeking treatment for SD reinforces the study findings.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among deliberate self‐poisoning patients
Authors: Clover Kerrie , Carter Gregory L. , Whyte Ian M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis studs explored posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among suicide attempters. Participants were 330 hospital‐treated deliberate self‐poisoning (DSP) patients. Twelve‐month prevalence of PTSD and comorbid psychiatric disorders was determined using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI‐A). Standard disability measures and demographic information were also obtained. PTSD prevalence was 32% among women and 15% among men. The PTSD group had significantly higher levels of affective disorder, anxiety disorders other than PTSD, psychiatric disability, and seervice utilization than DSP patients without PTSD. Logistic regression modeling showed that PTSD was associated with the type of traumatic event, number of events, affective disorder, and anxiety disorder other than PTSD.