bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children and adolescents with obesity: A scoping review of national and international pediatric obesity and pediatric OSA management guidelines
Authors: Ng Nicholas Beng Hui , Lim Carey Yun Shan , Tan Sarah Caellainn Hui Lin , Foo Yu Wah , Tok Chanel Li Xuan , Lim Yvonne Yijuan , Goh Daniel Yam Thiam , Loke Kah Yin , Lee Yung Seng 
Published: February 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent complication that affects up to 60% of children and adolescents with obesity. It is associated with poorer cardiometabolic outcomes and neurocognitive deficits. Appropriate screening and intervention for OSA are crucial in the management of children with obesity. We performed a scoping review of international and national pediatric obesity (n = 30) and pediatric OSA (n = 10) management guidelines to evaluate the recommendations on OSA screening in pediatric obesity. Sixteen (53%) of the pediatric obesity guidelines had incorporated OSA screening to varying extents, with no consistent recommendations on when and how to screen for OSA, and subsequent management of OSA in children with obesity. We provide our recommendations that are based on the strength and certainty of evidence presented. These include a clinical‐based screening for OSA in all children with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 85th percentile or those with rapid BMI gain (upward crossing of 2 BMI percentiles) and the use of overnight polysomnography to confirm the diagnosis of OSA in those with high clinical suspicion. We discuss further management of OSA unique to children with obesity. An appropriate screening strategy for OSA would facilitate timely intervention that has been shown to improve cardiometabolic and neurocognitive outcomes.
Impact of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis on periodontal disease: A review
Authors: Petit Catherine , Culshaw Shauna , Weiger Roland , Huck Olivier , Sahrmann Philipp 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies support a bidirectional association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune degenerative inflammatory joint disease, and periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the immune reaction to bacteria organized in biofilms. RA and periodontitis are both multifactorial chronic inflammatory diseases that share common modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors. There is no cure for RA; treatment is based on lifestyle modifications and a variety of medications: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID), glucocorticoids, and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, e.g., conventional synthetic DMARDs [csDMARDs]; biological DMARDs [bDMARD] and targeted synthetic DMARDs). There are molecular pathways of inflammation that are common to both RA and periodontitis. Thus, there is a potential effect of RA treatments on periodontitis. This systematic review aims to assess the impact of antirheumatic agents on periodontal conditions of patients suffering from both RA and periodontitis.MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase online databases were systematically explored, and a manual search was performed to identify relevant studies published until January 2023. This review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023409006).ResultsA total of 2827 articles were identified, and 35 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The included studies generally show a consensus that, at normal dosage, NSAID and corticosteroids have negligible impact on periodontium. Similarly, csDMARD alone or in combination with other csDMARD demonstrated no adverse effect on periodontium. Monotherapy with bDMARD had a positive effect on periodontal pocket depths and gingival inflammation in the longitudinal studies up to 6 months but showed negligible effect on the periodontium in interventional studies with a longer follow‐up (9 months and 15.1 months). However, the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitors + methotrexate (MTX) was associated with a rise in gingival inflammation. Due to the considerable heterogeneity of the study designs, a meta‐analysis could not reasonably be performed.ConclusionWithin the limitations of the available studies, there is evidence to suggest that bDMARD monotherapy may improve the periodontal condition of RA patients with periodontal disease to a certain extent; the concomitant medication of TNF inhibitor + MTX could worsen gingival inflammation. More data are required to understand the impact of RA therapies on periodontal health.
Review: Are moles senescent?
Authors: Bennett Dorothy C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMelanocytic nevi (skin moles) have been regarded as a valuable example of cell senescence occurring in vivo. However, a study of induced nevi in a mouse model reported that the nevi were arrested by cell interactions rather than a cell‐autonomous process like senescence, and that size distributions of cell nests within nevi could not be accounted for by a stochastic model of oncogene‐induced senescence. Moreover, others reported that some molecular markers used to identify cell senescence in human nevi are also found in melanoma cells—not senescent. It has thus been questioned whether nevi really are senescent, with potential implications for melanoma diagnosis and therapy. Here I review these areas, along with the genetic, biological, and molecular evidence supporting senescence in nevi. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that cells of acquired human benign (banal) nevi are very largely senescent, though some must contain a minor non‐senescent cell subpopulation. There is also persuasive evidence that this senescence is primarily induced by dysfunctional telomeres rather than directly oncogene‐induced.
Eviction and the Rental Housing Crisis in Rural America☆
Authors: Gershenson Carl , Desmond Matthew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEvictions are commonplace in the United States, and their negative consequences are broad and severe. However, research on evictions to date has focused primarily on urban areas, and thus has not addressed the impact evictions have on rural renters. This paper offers the first comprehensive analysis of evictions in rural communities, where the number of renters has been increasing in recent decades. We use Eviction Lab's national eviction database to study the approximately 220,000 evictions filed in rural counties each year. While the majority of rural evictions affect families with a white head of household (57 percent in 2010), eviction filing rates are four times higher among rural Black renters than among rural white renters. Eviction filing rates are highest in heavily Black counties in the rural southeast. While eviction filings are somewhat lower in rural majority‐Hispanic counties, these communities experience low‐quality informal housing and overcrowding. Eviction rates are also higher in rural counties with higher rent burdens and where more households include children.
Origin, evolution and significance of giant buried sediment mounds near the Sahara Slide Complex, North‐west African margin
Authors: Li Wei , Krastel Sebastian , Alves Tiago M. , Jing Song , Rebesco Michele , Gross Felix , Urlaub Morelia , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa.
Transient efflux inhibition improves plant regeneration by natural auxins
Authors: Karami Omid , Khadem Azadeh , Rahimi Arezoo , Zagari Nicola , Aigner Simon , Offringa Remko 
Published: February 2024

SUMMARYPlant genome editing and propagation are important tools in crop breeding and production. Both rely heavily on the development of efficient in vitro plant regeneration systems. Two prominent regeneration systems that are widely employed in crop production are somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo shoot regeneration. In many of the protocols for SE or shoot regeneration, explants are treated with the synthetic auxin analog 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), since natural auxins, such as indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) or 4‐chloroindole‐3‐acetic acid (4‐Cl‐IAA), are less effective or even fail to induce regeneration. Based on previous reports that 2,4‐D, compared to endogenous auxins, is not effectively exported from plant cells, we investigated whether efflux inhibition of endogenous auxins could convert these auxins into efficient inducers of SE in Arabidopsis immature zygotic embryos (IZEs). We show that natural auxins and synthetic analogs thereof become efficient inducers of SE when their efflux is transiently inhibited by co‐application of the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Moreover, IZEs of auxin efflux mutants pin2 or abcb1 abcb19 show enhanced SE efficiency when treated with IAA or efflux‐inhibited IAA, confirming that auxin efflux reduces the efficiency of Arabidopsis SE. Importantly, in contrast to the 2,4‐D system, where only 50–60% of the embryos converted to seedlings, all SEs induced by transport‐inhibited natural auxins converted to seedlings. Efflux‐inhibited IAA, like 2,4‐D, also efficiently induced SE from carrot suspension cells, whereas IAA alone could not, and efflux‐inhibited 4‐Cl‐IAA significantly improved de novo shoot regeneration in Brassica napus. Our data provides new insights into the action of 2,4‐D as an efficient inducer of plant regeneration but also shows that replacing this synthetic auxin for efflux‐inhibited natural auxin significantly improves different types of plant regeneration, leading to a more synchronized and homogenous development of the regenerated plants.
Dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis in horses undergoing palmar digital neurectomy does not reduce neuroma formation or improve outcome
Authors: Whisenant Katrijn D. , Foucaud Mathieu , Mariën Tom , Levine David , Richardson Dean W. , Stefanovski Darko , Scherrer Nicole M. , Engiles Julie B. , Ortved Kyla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveChronic foot pain, a common cause of forelimb lameness, can be treated by palmar digital neurectomy (PDN). Complications include neuroma formation and lameness recurrence. In humans, neuroanastomoses are performed to prevent neuroma formation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of horses undergoing dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis following PDN.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsEighty‐five horses with PDN and dorsal‐to‐palmar branch neuroanastomosis.MethodsMedical records for horses undergoing this procedure at two hospitals between 2015 and 2020 were reviewed. Palmar and dorsal nerve branches of the PDN were transected and end‐to‐end neuroanastomosis was performed by apposition of the perineurium. Follow‐up was obtained from medical records and telephone interviews. Success was defined as resolution of lameness for at least one year.ResultsLameness resolved following surgery in 81/85 (95%) horses with 57/84 (68%) sound at one year. Postoperative complications occurred in 19/85 (22%) cases. The main limitations of the study were an incomplete data set, inaccurate owner recall, and variations in procedure.ConclusionCompared to previous studies, this technique resulted in similar numbers of horses sound immediately after surgery, a comparable rate of postoperative neuroma formation but a higher recurrence of lameness rate at 1 year postoperatively.Clinical significanceEnd‐to‐end neuroanastomosis of the dorsal and palmar branches of the PDN does not reduce the rate of neuroma formation in horses. Long‐term outcome was less favorable compared to previously reported PDN techniques.
Personalized depth‐specific neuromodulation of the human primary motor cortex via ultrasound
Authors: Bao Shancheng , Kim Hakjoo , Shettigar Nandan B. , Li Yue , Lei Yuming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNon‐invasive brain stimulation has the potential to boost neuronal plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1), but it remains unclear whether the stimulation of both superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex can effectively promote M1 plasticity. Here, we leveraged transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) to precisely target M1 circuits at depths of approximately 5 mm and 16 mm from the cortical surface. Initially, we generated computed tomography images from each participant's individual anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI), which allowed for the generation of accurate acoustic simulations. This process ensured that personalized TUS was administered exactly to the targeted depths within M1 for each participant. Using long‐term depression and long‐term potentiation (LTD/LTP) theta‐burst stimulation paradigms, we examined whether TUS over distinct depths of M1 could induce LTD/LTP plasticity. Our findings indicated that continuous theta‐burst TUS‐induced LTD‐like plasticity with both superficial and deep M1 stimulation, persisting for at least 30 min. In comparison, sham TUS did not significantly alter M1 excitability. Moreover, intermittent theta‐burst TUS did not result in the induction of LTP‐ or LTD‐like plasticity with either superficial or deep M1 stimulation. These findings suggest that the induction of M1 plasticity can be achieved with ultrasound stimulation targeting distinct depths of M1, which is contingent on the characteristics of TUS.
imageKey points
The study integrated personalized transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) with electrophysiology to determine whether TUS targeting superficial and deep layers of the human motor cortex (M1) could elicit long‐term depression (LTD) or long‐term potentiation (LTP) plastic changes.
Utilizing acoustic simulations derived from individualized pseudo‐computed tomography scans, we ensured the precision of TUS delivery to the intended M1 depths for each participant.
Continuous theta‐burst TUS targeting both the superficial and deep layers of M1 resulted in the emergence of LTD‐like plasticity, lasting for at least 30 min.
Administering intermittent theta‐burst TUS to both the superficial and deep layers of M1 did not lead to the induction of LTP‐ or LTD‐like plastic changes.
We suggest that theta‐burst TUS targeting distinct depths of M1 can induce plasticity, but this effect is dependent on specific TUS parameters.
Economic and Performance Analysis of Modified Solar Distillation System Coupling Different Integrations Using Carbon Quantum Dot Nanoparticles: Generalized Thermal Model
Authors: Das Supreeti , Agarwal Pritwish , Sahota Lovedeep , Meena Yogesh Kumar , Singh Manoj , Gill Baljit Singh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Clean drinking water and electricity production utilizing non-conventional sources of energy is the global demand for sustainable development. Ultrafast heat transfer fluids have delivered impressive results in photovoltaic (PV)-integrated solar thermal systems, in recent times. Efforts have been made for the productivity and electricity augmentation of solar still equipped with helically coilled heat exchanger and coupled with different integrations, viz., (a) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal compound parabolic concentrator (N-PVT-CPC), (b) partially covered N-photovoltaic thermal flat plate collector (N-PVT-FPC), (c) N-FPC-CPC, and (d) N-flat plate collector (N-FPC). System design has also been modified by adding a roof-top semi-transparent PV module and built-in passive copper condenser (circulation mode), and effect of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) water-based nanofluids, nanoparticles volume concentration, and packing factor (βc) of the PV module has been studied by developing generalized thermal modeling of the system (special cases). Overall, 41.1%, 21.52%, 22.01%, and 10.01% rise in evaporative HTCs is observed in FPC-CPC, PVT-CPC, FPC, and PVT-FPC integrations, respectively. Thermal exergy is found to be higher for FPC-CPC integration, and it follows the enhancement order as FPC-CPC (max-0.147 kW) &gt; PVT-CPC (0.088 kW) &gt; FPC (0.038 kW) &gt; PVT-FPC (0.028 kW). In reference to the base fluid, significant enhancement in the daily productivity is observed for FPC-CPC (10.9%) and PVT-CPC (5.16%) integrations using CQD-NPs. The production cost of potable water has also been estimated for all the cases for n = 30 and n = 50 years life span and i = 4% and 8% interest rates, and it is found to be the lowest (0.014 $/L) for FPC-CPC integration using CQD-NPs (n = 30 years, i = 4%).
Psychodid flies and their implicated role in human myiasis and pseudomyiasis
Authors: Mathison Blaine A. , Madriz Isai , Pritt Bobbi S. , Curler Gregory 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral psychodid flies are commonly associated with human-inhabited environments and have been increasingly implicated in cases of human myiasis. However, the basic biology of psychodid larvae is not well-suited for survival in the human intestinal or urogenital tract, making true, prolonged myiasis unlikely. In this review, we performed a systematic literature review of published cases of purported myiasis caused by psychodid flies, their identification, associated clinical findings, and treatment. We also discuss the anatomy and lifecycle of psychodid flies in relation to their purported ability to use human tissue as a nutritive source and survive in the human alimentary or urogenital tracts. Based on the range of non-specific and varied reported clinical manifestations, lack of observed collections, life cycle patterns of psychodid flies, the mechanics of their mouthparts, and breathing requirements, we conclude that most cases likely represent incidental findings, or in rare cases possibly pseudomyiasis, rather than true myiasis, and provide recommendations for clinical evaluation and reporting so that disease misclassification and unnecessary therapy do not occur.
Type Specimens of the Flies of the Family Mydidae (Diptera) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova G. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Catalog of the type specimens (holotypes, syntypes) of species of the family Mydidae (Diptera) described by A.P. Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and I.A. Porchinsky which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg is presented. Photographs of the specimens and their labels are given.
Type Specimens of Awl-Flies (Diptera, Xylophagidae) in the Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg
Authors: Nartshuk E. P. , Paramonov N. M. , Suleymanova G. M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A catalog of the types (holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, paralectotypes) of the species of the family Xylophagidae (Diptera), described by F.D. Pleske (Th. Pleske), N.P. Krivosheina and B.M. Mamaev, and also by V.G. Kovalev, which are stored in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, is presented. Photographs of the holotypes and lectotypes and of their labels are given.
Features of Plasma Disruption in the Globus-M2 Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Sakharov N. V. , Kavin A. A. , Mineev A. B. , Bakharev N. N. , Bondarchuk E. N. , Gusev V. K. , Zhiltsov N. S. , Kiselev E. O. , Kurskiev G. S. , Minaev V. B. , Petrov Yu. V. , Rodin I. Yu. , Skrekel O. M. , Telnova A. Yu. , Tkachenko E. E. , Tokarev V. A. , Tukhmeneva E. A. , Shchegolev P. B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Data on plasma disruption processes in the modernized Globus-M2 spherical tokamak are presented. Electron temperature and density profiles before the disruption, immediately after thermal quench and in the stage of plasma current quench are measured using the diagnostics of Thomson scattering of laser radiation. The dependence of the plasma current decay time during disruption on the pre-disruption current value is determined. The distribution of the toroidal current, which is induced during disruption, in the shell of the vessel is determined on the basis of magnetic measurements. Electromagnetic loads on the vessel are calculated.
Biomarkers for Antibody–Drug Conjugates in Solid Tumors
Authors: Katrini Jalissa , Boldrini Laura , Santoro Celeste , Valenza Carmine , Trapani Dario , Curigliano Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The clinical development and then the progressive entry in clinical practice of antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) have marked a transformative advancement in the overall cancer treatment. ADCs have been extensively tested for a large number of tumors, reporting heterogeneous clinical efficacy and safety results. In some diseases, the advent of ADCs has yielded significant changes in the prognostic trajectory, portending an improvement of the survival and/or quality of life. ADCs are targeted agents, capable of delivering highly cytotoxic payloads selectively to antigen-expressing cancer cells. As such, they have been intended as perfect “bullets” to enable the promise of precision medicine, toward high-efficacy and limited-toxicity treatment options. However, only some approved ADCs are intended for the use in biomarker-selected patient populations, restricting potentially the opportunity to be more precise. Yet, key characteristics of modern ADCs might allow the activity of ADCs in tumors with heterogeneous or low expression of cancer antigens, resulting in a clinical activity that could sublimate the classic paradigm of a drug-to-target perfect match. In our review, we portrayed the current landscape of approved ADCs, reporting data of activity as related to the expression of the cancer antigens, and elucidating possible determinants of the safety and efficacy, including when used in a therapeutic sequence.