bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Description and development of Gastromermis anisotis sp. n. (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a parasite in a quadritrophic system involving a cyanobacterium, midge and virus
Authors: Poinar Roberta , Poinar George 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a 25 year study on an obligate quadritrophic system involving a midge, Cricotopus nostocicola (Diptera: Chironomidae), its cyanobacterial food source, Nostoc parmeliodes (Nostocales), a new species of nematode parasite of the midge, Gastromermis anisotis sp. n. (Mermithidae), and a virus infecting the nematode. Occurring in a mountain stream in California, the components of this system are adapted for survival at temperatures just above freezing (4-8°C). Developmental studies of the nematode include mating, oviposition, egg hatch, host penetration, parasitic development, free-living habits, spermatogenesis, platelet structure, and virus infection. Rates of parasitism varied between 5-42% over the 25 year period. The nematode was considered to be the most significant biological control agent of Cricotopus populations in the stream.
Lysosomal and pseudocoelom routing protects Caenorhabditis elegans from ricin toxicity
Authors: Coomans August , Claeys Myriam , Borgonie Gaëtan , Link Christopher 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe resistance of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans towards the highly potent toxin ricin has been studied. Incubation of C. elegans in ricin did not affect life span or progeny production. However, micro-injection of the ricin A-chain into the distal, syncitial gonad caused degeneration and sterility in test specimens, confirming that C. elegans ribosomes are sensitive. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was observed that ricin is effectively internalised into the intestinal cells. When pre-labelled with gold, the toxin reached only the lysosomes. When native toxin was used, the toxin was either routed to the lysosomes or underwent transcytosis to the pseudocoelomatic cavity and incorporation into embryos. None of the ricin reached either the trans Golgi network or the Golgi apparatus, considered essential for toxicity. The observed oral non-toxicity is therefore due to alternate sorting of the toxin, a mechanism not previously observed. The data indicate that, although ricin can opportunistically bind to, and be internalised by, cell surface receptors, these receptors are not sufficient to elicit toxicity.
Changes in nematode communities after manuring in millet fields in Senegal
Authors: Villenave Cécile , Oliver Robert , Fernandes Paula , Ekschmitt Klemens , Bongers Tom 
Published: September 2003

AbstractChanges in the soil nematofauna community structure were followed in nine millet fields on seven farms in two villages in Senegal during one cropping cycle. Cultivation practices were done by field owners. One plot in each field was divided into two subplots; in one of these, manure (20 t ha-1) was added at sowing. Before the manure input, at mid-cycle and at millet harvest, the structure of the nematode fauna was studied. Soil physico-chemical characteristics, microbial carbon and plant production were measured at sowing and at millet harvest. In the sub-plots where manure was added, millet yield increased by 155%, the mineral nitrogen content of the soil increased by about 45%, while nitrogen flux increased by 150% and microbial biomass by 65%. The significant enrichment of soil by manure led to a 75% increase in total nematode population density at mid-cycle and to a 30% increase at harvest time. The density of opportunistic bacterial-feeding and fungal-feeding nematodes was significantly larger with than without manure. This result is similar to those of comparable studies in temperate areas; however the relative abundance of enrichment opportunists was extremely low with regard to that found under similar conditions in temperate ecosystems. Furthermore, the abundance of the c-p 2 bacterialfeeding nematodes, belonging mainly to the family Cephalobidae, was strongly correlated with soil microbial biomass. The other c-p feeding guilds showed no correlation with nitrogen flux, or soil microbial biomass.
Production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to antigens from Xiphinema index
Authors: Lamberti Franco , Curtis Rosane , Brown Derek , Jones John , Moens Maurice , Chen Qing 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhen feeding, Xiphinema index induces remarkable cellular modifications at the feeding site in the root tips of its hosts, similar to those induced by root endoparasites such as Meloidogyne spp. The large size of X. index enables direct analysis of their proteins. Following immunisation of a mouse with macerated extracts of X. index bodies, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was obtained against this nematode. The MAbs were used in immunolocalisation studies and antibodies recognising epitopes present at the surface coat, inner cuticle, dorsal gland cell and dorsal duct, body wall muscle fibres, nervous system and reproductive system were identified. These antibodies provide useful tools for studying plant-nematode interactions.
Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Vietnam and morphometric data for H. indica populations
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Chau , Phan Ke Long , Moens Maurice , Subbotin Sergei 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA survey of entomopathogenic nematodes in Vietnam yielded several Heterorhabditis isolates. The majority belonged to H. indica; their morphometrics are given in this paper. Three isolates collected in forests in Backan, Ninhbinh and Kontum provinces, Vietnam are here described as a new species Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. The new species is distinguished from the other ten valid Heterorhabditis species by a combination of morphological, morphometrical, and DNA characters. Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. is morphometrically similar to H. indica, but can be separated from this species by the shape of the gubernaculum and the number of normal pairs of genital papillae. The gubernaculum of H. baujardi sp. n. with the proximal end ventrally curved resembles that of H. bacteriophora. Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. can be separated from this latter species by a shorter body length of infective juveniles and longer spicules, longer gubernaculum, and a higher spicule length to anal body diameter ratio of males. The canonical discriminant analysis of morphometrical characters of both infective juveniles and males failed to discriminate Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. from H. indica. However, the new species was easily distinguished from H. downesi, H. marelatus, H. megidis and H. bacteriophora. Heterorhabditis baujardi sp. n. was slightly separated from H. bacteriophora by variables of the infective juveniles, but was clearly distinguished by variables of the males. Cross-breeding tests using isolates of the new species and H.indica did not yield fertile progeny. Analysis of the ITS1 sequence of rDNA of H. baujardi sp. n. revealed substantial differences with other known ITS1 Heterorhabditis sequences. Phylogenetic relationships between Heterorhabditis species and the usefulness of morphological and molecular characters for identification of species from this group are discussed.
Characterisation of virulence in populations of Meloidogyne chitwoodi and evidence for a resistance gene in pepper Capsicum annuum L. line PM 217
Authors: Berthou François , Palloix Alain , Mugniéry Didier 
Published: September 2003

AbstractDoubled haploid lines of pepper from the F1 hybrid of PM 217 × Yolo Wonder were tested for their resistance to different populations of Meloidogyne chitwoodi. PM 217 has the Me1 gene for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica and Me2 gene for resistance to M. hispanica. With two European populations a clear segregation was observed. The necrotic reactions and the resistant: susceptible segregation of 1 : 1 suggested the occurrence of a major gene, different from but close to Me1. With another European population of M. chitwoodi and with M. fallax, no resistance was observed. Two American and two southern European M. chitwoodi populations were totally avirulent to the two pepper parents. These results demonstrate the existence of great polymorphism in M. chitwoodi populations and of a major gene in pepper controlling a specific resistance against some populations.
A review of plant-parasitic and soil nematodes in Slovenia
Authors: Karssen Gerrit , Širca Saša , Urek Gregor 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn overview is presented of all plant parasitic and soil inhabiting nematodes found in Slovenia. Most of the nearly 50 records, representing 115 nematode genera and 112 different species, have been published in national journals or technical reports and are therefore not directly available. These records include plant- and animal-parasitic nematodes, free-living nematodes and marine nematodes. The greater part of them was isolated from agricultural areas, while others were found in natural areas such as the Adriatic sea and caves.
Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n. from pitcher plants and its phylogenetic position within Panagrolaimidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida)
Authors: Van Driessche Rita , De Ley Irma Tandingan , De Ley Paul , Segers Hendrik , Bert Wim 
Published: September 2003

AbstractMeasurements, line drawings and scanning electromicrographs are provided of Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n., isolated from pitcher fluid of Nepenthes mirabilis from Thailand. The new genus differs from all known nematodes in having two opposing and offset spermatheca-like pouches at the junction of oviduct and uterus. It also differs from most known Rhabditida in having four cephalic setae instead of papillae. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rDNA sequence data robustly places the new genus within Panagrolaimidae as a sister taxon to Panagrellus. These unusual nematodes resemble Panagrellus in body size (1.8-2.7 mm in females, 1.3-1.9 mm in males) and in the monodelphic, prodelphic female reproductive system with thickened vaginal walls and prominent postvulval sac. However, they differ from Panagrellus in the characters mentioned above, in their comparatively longer stegostom and in the shape of the male spicules. Because of its aberrant characters, inclusion of this new genus in Panagrolaimidae requires changes to the family diagnosis.
An in vitro examination of the feeding behaviour of Paratrichodorus anemones (Nematoda: Trichodoridae), with comments on the ability of the nematode to acquire and transmit Tobravirus particles
Authors: Brown Derek , Karanastasi Eirini , Wyss Urs 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe plant-parasitic nematode Paratrichodorus anemones efficiently transmits tobacco rattle virus that causes substantial economic damage to vegetable and ornamental flower-bulb crops. The nematode acquires and transmits virus particles when feeding on plant roots, but previous studies on feeding by trichodorid nematodes suggested that the nematodes destroyed the cells upon which they fed. For successful establishment of virus infection in a plant, virus particles would have to be introduced by the nematode into root cells that would remain fully functional. Consequently, the efficient transmission of the genus Tobravirus by trichodorids could not occur where the majority of attacked root cells become irreversibly damaged and, therefore, unsuitable for establishment of virus infection. Live specimens of P. anemones feeding on Nicotiana tabacum seedlings growing in agar were examined in real time using videoenhanced interference light microscopy to determine how trichodorids acquire and transmit Tobravirus particles. The feeding cycle of P. anemones had four distinct phases: i) root exploration, ii) cell exploration, iii) cell sampling, and iv) cell feeding, followed by a quiescent period. Preceding the initiation of phase iv) an average of four cells, which had been perforated by the nematode onchiostyle, were immediately abandoned and thus remained fully functional. Also, during this phase, about 5% of the perforated cells remained alive and fully functional, providing a suitable environment for the establishment of virus infection. Each feed on a single cell was similar to that previously observed with Trichodorus similis, being in four phases, i.e., cell wall perforation, salivation, ingestion and withdrawal.
Tylenchomorpha (Nematoda: Tylenchina) in Belgium, an updated list
Authors: Bert Wim , Coomans August , Geraert Etienne , Claerbout Frederik , Borgonie Gaëtan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe list of Tylenchomorpha known from Belgium is updated with observations from 32 locations. Forty two species are added, of which 11 are new records for the Belgium nematofauna. Five nominal species are removed because of synonymy and the list of 161 species is presented nomenclaturally.
Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae); a nascent species complex revealed by RFLP analysis and sequencing of the ITS-rDNA region
Authors: Hunt David , Manzanilla-López Rosa , Reid Alex 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTwelve populations of Nacobbus aberrans, sensu lato, from Mexico, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Argentina were subjected to molecular analysis of their genetic variability. RFLP banding patterns revealed three groups: i) Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina 1 populations; ii) Bolivia and Peru populations; iii) Argentina 2 population. These differences were confirmed by sequencing the ITS rDNA region. Depth of branching was strongly supportive of the presence of three separate species, thus supporting the hypothesis that N. aberrans s.l. is indeed a species complex. The populations from Mexico, Ecuador and Argentina 1 are attributed to N. aberrans s.s., although this requires confirmation by molecular characterisation of N. aberrans from the type locality in the USA; those from Bolivia and Peru are attributed to N. bolivianus Lordello, Zamith & Boock, 1961 with Argentina 2 regarded as representing another taxon. Nacobbus serendipiticus and N. batatiformis are removed from synonymy under N. aberrans s.l . and regarded as species inquirendae . Consistent minor banding patterns in the RFLP profiles may indicate that the genus reproduces predominantly by parthenogenesis.
Three species of the Xiphinema americanum lineage (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from Iran
Authors: Fadaei Ali Akbar , Coomans August , Kheiri Ahmad 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSoil samples collected from different regions of Iran contained Xiphinema oxycaudatum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979, X. rivesi Dalmasso, 1969 and X. pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938) Kirjanova, 1951. The first two species are reported for the first time from Iran. The latter species was previously reported from vineyards in Iran (Mojtahedi et al., 1980), but the Iranian specimens were not described. Populations on different hosts are compared. Special attention was given to the structure of the odontostyle bases and that of the reproductive system because of their possible importance in species differentiation.
Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the morphometric variability of Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) from Senegal
Authors: Wondirad Mandefro , Decraemer Wilfrida , Baujard Pierre 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEffects of temperature, humidity, temperature and humidity interaction and host on morphometric variability of Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis were studied. Nematode cultures were established in a glasshouse under controlled environments. Amongst the factors investigated, host was found to be the most influential on both sexes (P < 0.05) affecting all characters in females and eight out of 11 characters in males. Ratios b and c were found to be highly variable and hence their use is not suggested. On the contrary, ratio a was found to be a good indicator of nematode condition, particularly in association with hosts. Vulva position (V) was found to be the most stable character. Paratrichodorus rhodesiensis was affected by higher temperatures of 34 and 36°C. Change in humidity did not show a demonstrable trend on morphometric characters in both sexes. Interaction effect of temperature and humidity resulted in a significant effect on body length and body diameter in females and on ratio b and c, pharynx, onchiostyle and tail length in males.
Playing Language Games and Performing Rituals: Religious Studies as Ideological State Apparatus
Authors: Fitzgerald Timothy 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Wittgensteinian philosophy of language games in the service of "religion" is circular and closed from criticism, and this generates the illusion that "religion" is compellingly universal. Also some historians, while attempting to uncover the specific and localized origins of the modern category "religion" in early modern Europe, simultaneously and unwittingly reconstruct the assumed universality of the category by uncritically using the problematized word in a description of societies in which the modern category, according to their own research findings, did not yet exist. These techniques suggest an unacknowledged ideological field lying behind the usages of the category. I argue that "religion" is one of a pair, the other half being "non-religion" or "the secular". The formation of the modern notion of religion needs to be seen initially in relation to privatized Protestant piety and the separation of church and state, whereby an apparently demystified human nature and fully rational modern civil society was made possible. But the application of the religion-secular distinction to an increasing number of colonies has resulted in "religion" becoming a catch-all container for indigenous institutions and practices that impede progress (i.e., impede realization of secular rationality by the natives). Debates about the logic of the religion-secular category can only become fruitful when we analyze the way in which they each construct their other half. However, the way "religion" is institutionalized and investigated in the academy elides its function in the invention and legitimation of the modern Euro-American secular, for it is treated as though it stands alone, either as a category in its own right or as a natural reality corresponding to that category.
Discursive Study of Religion: From States of the Mind to Communication and Action
Authors: von Stuckrad Kocku 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article addresses the predicament of the academic study of religions and directs the debate into more fruitful fields of research. After a brief account of the most important problems - identified as the "crisis of representation", the "situated observer", and the "dilemma of essentialism and relativism" - I argue that, in order to cope with these afflictions, we should scrutinize religions as systems of communication and action and not as systems of (unverifiable) belief. Not inner states of the mind or speculations about the transcendent are our issue, but the analysis of publicly communicated constructions. The term "fields of discourse" is introduced to denote both the coherence of these cultural arenas and the "recursive" involvement of scholars who are themselves actors in them. As a meta-theoretical instrument, the ideal type of "discourse" makes visible multiple perspectives on religious phenomena and - although the analysis' contingency and ethnocentricity is acknowledged - allows for the description of long-lasting traditions.
Clonal evolution and lack of cytogenetic response are adverse prognostic factors for hematologic relapse of chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate
Authors: O'Dwyer Michael E. , Mauro Michael J. , Blasdel Carolyn , Farnsworth Melanie , Kurilik Gwen , Hsieh Yi-Ching , Mori Motomi , Druker Brian J. 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
We followed 141 patients treated with imatinib mesylate (&gt; 300 mg) for chronicphase chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) following failure of treatment with interferon. During 12 months from the start of imatinib mesylate treatment, 96.5% achieved a complete hematologic response, 47.0% achieved a major cytogenetic response, and 32.4% achieved a complete cytogenetic response. The proportion of patients with hematologic relapse was 10.9% at 12 months and 14.6% at 18 months. In a univariate Cox regression analysis, the only pretreatment characteristics that correlated with an increased risk of hematologic relapse were hemoglobin level less than 120 g/L (12 g/dL) (P = .02), increased bands in the peripheral blood (P = .01), and clonal evolution (P &lt; .0001). In a multivariate analysis, an elevated platelet count (P = .03) and clonal evolution (P &lt; .0001) were the only significant factors for hematologic relapse. During treatment, the absence of a major cytogenetic response within the first 6 months also significantly correlated with relapse (P = .03). Notably, patients failing to achieve a major cytogenetic response by 6 months had a significantly higher rate of hematologic relapse (27%) compared with those who achieved a major cytogenetic response by 6 months (3%), and patients with clonal evolution had a significantly higher risk of hematologic relapse (50%) than those without clonal evolution (9%).
Hematopoietic NF-κB1 deficiency results in small atherosclerotic lesions with an inflammatory phenotype
Authors: Kanters Edwin , Gijbels Marion J.J. , van der Made Ingeborg , Vergouwe Monique N. , Heeringa Peter , Kraal Georg , Hofker Marten H. , de Winther Menno P. J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in the vessel wall. One of the major transcription factors in inflammation is nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and we have studied its role in the development of atherosclerosis. Bone marrow from mice targeted in the NF-κB1 gene encoding for the p50 subunit was used to reconstitute irradiated LDLR-/- mice as a model for atherosclerosis. After feeding the mice a high-fat diet, those deficient in NF-κB1 had a 41% lower rate of atherosclerosis than control mice, as judged by the sizes of the lesions. Furthermore, in the absence of NF-κB1, the lesions were characterized by an inflammatory phenotype, contained increased numbers of small cells, and were almost devoid of normal foam cells. In vitro studies using bone marrow (BM)-derived macrophages showed that macrophages lacking p50 had a prolonged production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and other cytokines were also affected. Interestingly, the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was greatly reduced in activated p50-deficient macrophages, probably because of a reduction in the expression of scavenger receptor class A. The effects on atherosclerosis might have resulted from the changes in cytokine production and the uptake of modified lipoproteins, making p50 a pivotal regulator of atherogenesis. (Blood. 2004;103:934-940)