bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway Reconstruction in Pediatric Burn Patients
Authors: White David R. , Preciado Diego A. , Stamper Becky , Willging J. Paul , Myer Charles M. , Cotton Robin T. , Rutter Michael J. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVEReconstruction of the laryngotracheal airway in pediatric burn victims has been described anecdotally as less successful than reconstruction performed in other populations. To evaluate this clinical impression, outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in pediatric burn victims were compared with a randomly selected, matched control population of children receiving LTR.DESIGNRetrospective case control study.SUBJECTSThe records of 34 pediatric burn victims undergoing LTR were reviewed. A control group of 48 children undergoing LTR for acquired stenosis was randomly selected from a population matched for age and grade of stenosis.RESULTSDecannulation rate after 1st procedure, number of open airway procedures required, and length of time after 1st procedure until decannulation were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Two deaths (both tracheostomy tube related) occurred in the burn group; 1 occurred in the control group. Two patients in the burn group and 3 patients in the control group remain tracheostomy tube dependent at least 1 year after the initial reconstructive attempt.CONCLUSIONSLong‐term outcomes of LTR in burn patients are not significantly different from outcomes of LTR in the pediatric acquired airway stenosis population.
Combined Open Septorhinoplasty and Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Lee Jonathan H. , Sherris David A. , Moore Eric J. , Lee Jonathan H. , Sherris David A. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVETo compare perioperative and early postoperative complication rates of performing open septorhinoplasty (OSR) and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) concomitantly or individually.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective chart review of 55 patients treated at an academic referral center who had undergone combined OSR and FESS. Complication rates for the combined procedures were compared with published complication rates for the individual procedures.RESULTSPatients’ ages ranged from 14 to 77 years (average, 43 years). Among the 55 cases, there were no major complications and 6 (11%) minor complications: 4 cases of cellulitis (7%; previously published risk, 1%‐3%) and 2 cases of postoperative epistaxis (4%).CONCLUSIONOSR and FESS may be performed safely in combination without a clinically significant increased risk of complications.SIGNIFICANCEThe slightly increased risk of cellulitis may warrant the use of intraoperative sinus irrigation and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after combined OSR and FESS.
Pediatric Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis in Immunocompromised Children With Cancer
Authors: Park Albert H. , Muntz Harlan R. , Smith Marshall E. , Afify Zeinab , Pysher Theodore , Pavia Andrew 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVES1) To determine the factors that predispose towards invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (FS) in immunocompromised children with cancer, and 2) to propose practice guidelines for management of pediatric FS in immunocompromised patients.METHODSRetrospective chart review of 9 patients who developed invasive FS compared to 8 patients who did not develop invasive FS during the study period. Presenting signs and symptoms, nasal endoscopic findings, radiographs, laboratory studies, histologic and microscopic samples, and outcomes were compared.RESULTSSeventeen consecutive pediatric immunocompromised patients with hematologic and lymphoid neoplasms underwent nasal endoscopy and biopsy for possible FS. Nine patients were diagnosed with 10 episodes of FS; 1 patient developed FS with different organisms on 2 separate occasions separated by 6 months; 8 patients were not diagnosed with FS. Eight patients had acute myelogenous leukemia (AML); 6 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); 1 patient had Burkitt's lymphoma, 1 patient had undifferentiated leukemia; and 1 patient had biphenotypic acute leukemia. All patients with FS had an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) 600 or less (range 0‐600). All patients with FS had either persistent fevers or sinus symptoms (facial pain, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea). Sinus CT scans were abnormal in all patients with FS and without FS. Two patients with FS had maxillary sinus retention cysts. Operative endoscopic findings were helpful diagnostically when necrosis or ulceration was found. All patients in the non‐FS group normalized their ANCs; 2 of the 9 patients in the FS group did not normalize their ANC. These 2 patients died from disseminated FS or from complications due to their immunosuppression.CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCEAll patients with FS had either persistent fevers or symptoms localized to the sinuses (facial pain, nasal congestion, or rhinorrhea). Endoscopic examination was helpful when necrosis was detected. We recommend directed biopsies of suspicious lesions, the middle and inferior turbinate, in immunocompromised, neutropenic pediatric patients with cancer who present with either persistent fevers or localizing symptoms to the sinuses. We favor the use of “rush” biopsies over frozen sections because of the better‐quality sections and ability to perform appropriate stains.
Efficacy of Vestibular Rehabilitation Therapy in Reducing Falls
Authors: Macias John D. , Massingale Shelly , Gerkin Richard D. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVETo assess the short‐term effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation therapy in reducing fall risk in an at‐risk population.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective chart review of 70 patients older than 50 years of age at risk for falls treated at a tertiary vestibular therapy center. Fall risk was assessed by the Berg balance test.RESULTSVestibular rehabilitation therapy resulted in a statistically significant improvement in Berg balance test scores (pretherapy, 36.8, to posttherapy, 46.4). Referring diagnosis, age, and gender had no impact on outcome.CONCLUSIONVestibular rehabilitation therapy significantly reduces the risk of falls in elderly at‐risk patients with improvement measured at the termination of therapy.SIGNIFICANCEVestibular rehabilitation therapy plays an important preventive role in reducing falls in at‐risk elderly patients, with beneficial effects seen at termination of therapy. © 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Auramine Orange Stain With Fluorescence Microscopy is a Rapid and Sensitive Technique for the Detection of Cervical Lymphadenitis Due to Mycobacterial Infection Using Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Series
Authors: Cheng Alan G. , Chang Anthony , Farwell D. Greg , Agoff S. Nicholas 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVEWe sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the auramine orange (AO) stain in diagnosing mycobacterial cervical adenitis (MCA) from fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. METHODS: A retrospective review of 19 patients evaluated at 2 urban hospitals from 2000 to 2003 for suspected MCA. FNA specimens were inoculated to culture media and had direct smears stained by the auramine acid fast method.RESULTSMycobacteria were identified in 16 (84.2%) of 19 AO‐stained FNA specimens, with results available within 4 hours. Corresponding cultures were positive for mycobacteria in 12 specimens, 9 tuberculous and 3 nontuberculous, and grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the 3 AO‐negative specimens. Three of the 4 patients with negative cultures had previously taken anti‐mycobacterial medications.CONCLUSIONThe AO stain with fluorescence microscopy is a sensitive and rapid method for detecting tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria. It is a valuable tool for the otolaryngologists and pathologists in the diagnosis of MCA. © 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rotational Chair (ROTO) Instead of Electronystagmography (ENG) as the Primary Vestibular Test
Authors: Arriaga Moisés A. , Chen Douglas A. , Cenci Kathleen A. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVESTo compare the sensitivity of rotational chair (ROTO) versus electronystagmography (ENG) in peripheral vestibular pathology.METHODSRetrospective chart review.RESULTSOne thousand consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for dizziness and imbalance at a tertiary care referral balance center were reviewed. ROTO was the primary vestibular study used in all patients with ENG used as a confirmatory test at the discretion of the treating physician. A subgroup of 478 patients underwent both ROTO and ENG. Among the patients diagnosed with peripheral vestibulopathy, sensitivity for peripheral vestibulopathy was 71% for ROTO and 31% for ENG. However, specificity was 54% for ROTO and 86% for ENG.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that in this retrospective cohort with the authors’ clinical diagnoses, ROTO is a more sensitive diagnostic study of peripheral vestibular pathology. The higher sensitivity of ROTO and the higher specificity of ENG may support the use of ROTO as the primary vestibular study and ENG as a supplemental vestibular study. Prospective analysis with distinct diagnostic criteria and defined inclusion criteria are necessary before these results can be widely extrapolated.
Cost‐Utility Analysis of Tympanomastoidectomy for Adults with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Authors: Wang Pa‐Chun , Jang Chul‐Ho , Shu Yu‐Hsiang , Tai Chih‐Jaan , Chu Ko‐Tsung 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVETo undertake cost‐utility analysis for tympanomastoid surgery to analyze its cost‐effectiveness in treating adult chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).METHODSSeventy‐seven patients with CSOM were evaluated with the Chronic Ear Survey (CES) before and 1 year after tympanomastoid surgery. Direct health care cost data during the 1st year after operation were retrieved. The utility gain was defined as change in the CES total score. The cost‐utility ratio (CUR) was defined as cost per utility gain. Patients were stratified by disease type into wet‐ear and dry‐ear groups.RESULTSThe average total direct cost attributable to tympanomastoid surgery is (in New Taiwan dollars [NT$]) 45,716.3 in the 1st postoperative year, and the average CUR is NT$ 1850.9. The lower CUR of NT$ 1280.9 for the wet‐ear group is due to the greater utility gain (37.6 ± 3.4 versus 24.4 ± 6.8, P >0.05) despite its higher cost (NT$ 48,163.2 versus NT$ 38,419.7, P >0.05).CONCLUSIONSTreating continuously or intermittently draining ears is more cost‐effective, as compared with managing a quiescent infection, because of its favorable utility gain.
Does Successful Segmental Tracheal Resection Require Releasing Maneuvers?
Authors: Merati Albert L. , Rieder Anthony A. , Patel Nalin , Park Debra L. , Girod Doug 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVESTracheal resection is a well‐established option for the management of airway stenosis. Releasing maneuvers have been described to reduce anastomotic tension. The aim of this study is to report on a series of tracheal resections performed without the use of these maneuvers.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective chart review.SETTINGTertiary hospital.METHODSAll patients undergoing tracheal resection by the first author over a 6‐year period were reviewed.RESULTSPatients (n = 17; 7 men and 10 women, ages 23‐76) were managed with tracheal resection and anastomosis without stenting or postoperative tracheotomy. 16/17 (94%) patients had successful treatment of their stenosis. 1/17 (6%) failed and 1/17 (6%) required dilation. There was no postoperative swallowing dysfunction.CONCLUSIONSSegmental tracheal resection without releasing maneuvers was successful in 16/17 (94%) patients.SIGNIFICANCEThough extrapolation from this series may be limited, future practitioners may consider forgoing additional releasing maneuvers for tracheal resection in many cases. © 2005 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Major Secretory Mucin Expression in Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Ali Mahmoud S. , Hutton David A. , Wilson Janet A. , Pearson Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate mucin expression in chronic sinusitis compared to that in normal nasal mucus.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGSinus mucus samples were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The expression of 3 airway mucins, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC5B, was determined by ELISA.RESULTSThe 3 mucins are expressed in chronic sinusitis and in normal nasal mucus. MUC5AC and MUC5B represent a major component in sinus mucins while MUC5B and MUC2 predominated in normal nasal mucin. In sinus mucins, upregulation of MUC5AC was associated with downregulation of MUC2 and vice versa. This inverse relationship was strengthened in the presence of nasal polyps.CONCLUSIONAt least 3 mucins are expressed at various levels in chronic sinusitis. An inverse relationship was identified between expression of MUC5AC and MUC2. Large prospective studies are required to unravel the complexities of sinus mucus in chronic sinusitis.SIGNIFICANCEMucins may be used as markers for assessment of disease severity and may also help as prognostic indicators following medical or surgical treatment.
Efficacy of Thyroid Hormone Suppression for Benign Thyroid Nodules: Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Sdano Matthew T. , Falciglia Mercedes , Welge Jeffrey A. , Steward David L. 
Published: September 2005

OBJECTIVETo determine the efficacy of thyroid hormone suppressive therapy (THST) to decrease benign thyroid nodule volume.DESIGNMeta‐analysis.METHODSSystematic search using electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library) through August 2004, paper review, and contacting experts and drug manufacturers. Only randomized controlled studies of THST vs no treatment or placebo, for reduction of benign thyroid nodule volume, were included. Exclusion criteria were: >6‐month treatment, lack of ultrasound volume measurement, and region of endemic goiter. Primary outcome was clinically relevant nodule volume reduction (>50%), with a random effects model (RevMan4.2).RESULTSNine randomized trials were included (609 subjects). Subjects were 88% more likely to experience >50% nodule volume reduction with THST than placebo or no treatment (relative risk = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.18‐3.01; P = 0.008). However, 8 subjects must be subjected to the risk of cardiac and skeletal side effects from THST, for one to benefit from therapy (number needed to treat = 8, risk difference = 0.13; 95% CI = 0.06‐0.19; P = 0.0003). Sensitivity analysis reveals that 15 null studies would have to have been missed to reverse statistical significance (fail‐safe N = 15). Review of the only study with long‐term treatment (5 years) suggests no significant difference in nodule volume reduction between THST and placebo. Further, studies with follow‐up after THST withdrawal demonstrate rapid increase in thyroid nodule and goiter volumes.CONCLUSIONTHST appears more likely than placebo or no treatment to significantly reduce benign thyroid nodule volume, but long‐term treatment may be less effective and regrowth is likely following cessation of therapy. Given the risks of THST, routine use is not recommended for benign nodules.
Chemical-Induced Atrial Thrombosis in NTP Rodent Studies
Authors: Yoshizawa Katsuhiko , Kissling Grace E. , Johnson Jo Anne , Clayton Natasha P. , Flagler Norris D. , Nyska Abraham 
Published: September 2005

Cardiac thrombosis, one of the causes of sudden death throughout the world, plays a principal role in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and stroke in humans. Data from studies of induction of chemical thrombosis in rodents help to identify substances in our environment that may contribute to cardiac thrombosis. Results for more than 500 chemicals tested in rodents in 2-year bioassays have been published as Technical Reports of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) 〈 http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/index 〉. We evaluated atrial thrombosis induced by these chemical exposures and compared it to similarly induced lesions reported in the literature. Spontaneous rates of cardiac thrombosis were determined for control Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice: 0% in rats and mice in 90-day studies and, in 2-year studies, 0.7% in both genders of mice, 4% in male rats, and 1% in female rats. Incidences of atrial thrombosis were increased in high-dosed groups involving 13 compounds (incidence rate: 20–100%): 2-butoxyethanol, C.I. Direct Blue 15, bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane, diazoaminobenzene, diethanolamine, 3,3′-dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride, hexachloroethane, isobutene, methyleugenol, oxazepam, C.I. Pigment Red 23, C.I. Acid Red 114, and 4,4′-thiobis(6- t-butyl- m-cresol). The main localization of spontaneously occurring and chemically induced thromboses occurred in the left atrium. The literature survey suggested that chemical-induced atrial thrombosis might be closely related to myocardial injury, endothelial injury, circulatory stasis, hypercoagulability, and impaired atrial mechanical activity, such as atrial fibrillation, which could cause stasis of blood within the left atrial appendage, contributing to left atrial thrombosis. Supplementary data referenced in this paper are not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. They are available as downloadable files at http:taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0192-6233 . To access them, click on the issue link for 33(5), then select this article. A download option appears at the bottom of this abstract. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org .
Adjuvant use of abciximab for balloon angioplasty of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis
Authors: Lee D. H. , Jo K. D. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of adjuvant intravenous use of abciximab in balloon angioplasty for symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis. Material and Methods: Seven patients with symptomatic stenosis at the main trunk ( n = 5), or proximal post-trifurcation portion ( n = 2) of the middle cerebral artery, were enrolled in the study. A bolus dose of abciximab (0.15 mg/kg) was given intravenously immediately before the procedure. The immediate morphologic results as well as the presence of hyperacute thrombosis or hemorrhage after angioplasty were evaluated. Clinical evaluation was performed 1 day and 1 month following angioplasty. Oral antiplatelets were administered during the follow-up period. Follow-up angiography was performed after 7 to 14 (mean 10.4) months. Stenosis of a vessel greater than 50% was considered as restenosis. Results: The procedure was technically successful in all patients. Immediate residual stenosis was insignificant in 4 and mild (less than 50%) in 3 patients. There was no evidence of intimal dissection. Mild gum bleeding was noted in two patients. All study patients were clinically stable at follow-up without newly developed neurological abnormality even though there was one case of occlusion and one case of restenosis on follow-up angiography. Angiographic patency rate was 71%. Conclusion: In performing proximal middle cerebral artery balloon angioplasty, abciximab may be safely used to prevent acute thrombosis. The mid-term patency of the vessels was also acceptable.
Uterine fibroid embolization can still be improved: observations on post-procedure magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dorenberg E. J. , Novakovic Z. , Smith H.-J. , Hafsahl G. , Jakobsen J. Å. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and completeness of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) measured by changes in volume and signal intensity at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to compare with clinical outcome. Material and Methods: 40 women with symptomatic uterine fibroids underwent bilateral uterine artery embolization. At MRI studies, including post-contrast sequences before and repeatedly after treatment, the uterus and dominant fibroids were evaluated for volume, location, and contrast enhancement. Prior to treatment, all myomas showed significant contrast enhancement. The mean uterine volume was 929 ml. Clinical examinations with emphasis on menorrhagia, pelvic pain, and urinary dysfunction were performed before and 6 and 12 months after treatment. Results: UFE was bilaterally successful in 38 patients. After UFE, MRI showed no enhancement of myomas in 30 patients. In 8 patients, post-procedural MRI revealed partially remaining vascularization of fibroids despite angiographically complete embolization of the uterine arteries. On average, uterine volume decreased by 46.2% at 12 months. There was significant improvement of symptoms in the majority of patients, but slightly less improvement in patients with partially remaining vascularization of myomas. Conclusion: UFE causes significant volume reduction of myomas and clinical improvement. MRI can reveal remaining vascularization in myomas despite angiographically complete embolization of uterine arteries.
The journey so far: assessment for learning in Scotland
Authors: Hutchinson Carolyn , Hayward Louise 
Published: September 2005

This article takes the form of a case‐study, outlining the progress of policy and practice in Scotland towards the introduction of Assessment for Learning in pre‐school and schools for children aged 3–14. The period described comprises the launch of 5–14 curriculum and assessment guidelines in the early 1990s, a review and consultation on assessment in pre‐school and 5–14 by HM Inspectorate of Schools, the recent assessment development programme, Assessment is for Learning (AifL), initiated in 2002, and the publication by the Scottish Executive Education Department (SEED) of a set of curriculum and assessment policy documents for education 3–18 in November 2004.The assessment guidelines published in 1991 put considerable emphasis on professional practice in assessment as part of learning and teaching, promoting what would now be recognized as ‘assessment for learning’. However, curriculum guidelines for English language and mathematics and new arrangements for national testing in reading, writing and mathematics were published at the same time. These commanded considerable professional and public attention, so that curriculum content and measurement of attainment levels, rather than the quality of assessment practice in classrooms, became the main focus of schools' planning and action. The increasing emphasis on standards, target‐setting and accountability in the mid‐ to late 1990s ensured that measurement, rather than assessment for learning, remained the main priority.Recognition on the part of ministers that assessment and testing arrangements were not working well for learners, teachers or policy‐makers led to the 1999 review and consultation. This once again asserted the importance for learning and achievement of good professional practice in classroom assessment. At the same time, the emphasis in policy more generally was shifting towards establishing a culture of self‐evaluation in local authorities and schools. The Assessment is for Learning development programme has sought to bring together these various threads in a coherent national system of assessment. It aims to promote excellence in professional assessment practice, the primacy of teachers' judgements and sound arrangements for local quality assurance of those judgements, to ensure consistency. For national monitoring of attainment, there will be a cycle of sample surveys rather than a collection of data for all schools and pupils. The programme has also sought to take account of research on the management of change to ensure that the new system is developed collaboratively with stakeholders and put into effect in all Scottish schools.