bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility of a nickel‐free austenitic steel assayed by osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Mölders M. , Fischer A. , Wiemann M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe in vitro biocompatibility of the nickel‐free austenitic steel (brand name P2000) characterized by extreme strength, high ductility and superior corrosion resistance was tested. As the material appears promising for hard tissue implant development we employed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3‐E1) as test specimens. Cells growing directly on this metal were undistinguishable from control cells on cell culture tested plastic material with respect to morphology and growth parameters. P2000 can, therefore, be classified as a biocompatible material. In line with that application of bone morphogentic protein 2 (BMP‐2) increased expression of alkaline phosphatase as it does under control conditions. However, the slope of the dose response curve was diminished, indicating partially impaired BMP‐2 signaling on P2000. Since P2000 contains nitrogen and may release alkalizing amounts of NH3 we compared steady state intracellular pH (pHi) of cells on P2000 vs. controls, but were unable to find any differences. Further studies are needed to understand how P2000 can influence cellular functions of directly contacting cells.
Analysis of the power‐plane resonance using the Haar‐wavelet‐based MRTD
Authors: Cheon Jeongnam , Ju Saehoon , Kim Hyeongdong , Ko Kwangcheol 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a method is presented to model the electromagnetic structure that is smaller than an MRTD cell. As an example, the power‐plane resonance problem in a multilayered PCB is analyzed by using a Haar‐wavelet‐based MRTD. This paper demonstrates the accuracy and efficiency of the MRTD. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 6–9, 2001.
A new approach to the Orchard–Elliott pattern synthesis algorithm using LMS and pseudoinverse techniques
Authors: Shavit R. , Levy S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new approach to the Orchard–Elliott pattern synthesis algorithm based on the least mean‐square (LMS) technique and the pseudoinverse technique is described. The new algorithm offers better initial conditions and avoids possible divergence problems throughout the iteration process. The array current distribution obtained is optimized using a genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the new approach is demonstrated on a linear array with a symmetric flat‐topped radiation pattern. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 12–15, 2001.
Real‐time analog holography and pattern recognition
Authors: Kransteuber Amy S. , Gregory Don A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe combination of a high‐resolution charge‐coupled device (CCD) camera and a phase‐modulating liquid‐crystal array allows holographic fringes to be detected and redisplayed in real time, replacing traditional recording techniques. A modified Mach–Zehnder (Leith–Upatnieks) architecture supplies the small object‐to‐reference beam angle necessary to produce fringes large enough to be processed accurately by the recording system. The optical system, developed to produce holograms and display holographic reconstructions in real time, is then slightly changed to become an optical pattern‐recognition architecture. The real‐time holography system and the optical correlator modifications are described in detail, and examples of experimental results are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 20–24, 2001.
A fast and general complex image method for evaluating the Sommerfeld integrals
Authors: Ge Yuehe , Esselle Karu P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient technique for evaluating the Sommerfeld integrals. It has the advantages of speed and simplicity over numerical techniques, and it is more general than previous methods based on the Sommerfeld identity. Numerical examples are given and compared with those from numerical integration. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 24–26, 2001.
Dual‐frequency operation of a coplanar waveguide‐fed dual‐slot loop antenna
Authors: Chen Wen‐Shan , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel dual‐frequency coplanar waveguide‐fed dual‐slot loop antenna. The two operating frequencies have the same polarization planes, and can easily be controlled by the perimeters of outer and inner rectangular‐slot loops in the proposed antenna. The two rectangular‐slot loops are both capacitively fed by a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide, and good impedance matching for the two operating frequencies with a frequency ratio ranging from about 1.33 to 1.54 can be achieved. Also, wide operating bandwidths (13.6–17.8% for the lower band and about 7% for the higher band) for the two frequencies are obtained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 38–40, 2001.
A simple preconditioner for electric‐field integral equations
Authors: Xie Yongjun , He Jiangqi , Sullivan Anders , Carin Lawrence 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA preconditioner is applied to the electric‐field integral equation, to improve the convergence of iterative integral‐equation solvers, such as the conjugate‐gradient (CG) method. The preconditioner accounts for (expansion function)–(testing function) interactions in the vicinity of a given basis function, requiring order N complexity for N unknowns. Example results are presented for microwave scattering calculations for targets in the vicinity of a half space (soil), with results computed via a multilevel fast multipole algorithm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 51–54, 2001.
Two Views from the Jury
Authors: Gallup Jr. George , Henderson Lenneal 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFor fifty years, the All‐America City Award has recognized communities for outstanding civic accomplishments. During an era of profound social change, the All‐America City Award has consistently shown what citizens can do when they join together to work for the good of their communities. Two longtime members of the panel of civic experts that selects the winning communities reflect on the meaning of the award.
Resolving a Community Dispute: The Intersection of Organization Development and Mediation
Authors: Morris‐Jones Dana 
Published: June 2004

AbstractLike other governing bodies, community associations are charged with achieving a balance between protecting individual interests and preserving the cohesiveness of the community as a whole. With increasing frequency, they are experiencing a degree of divisiveness that threatens to upset the balance. This article chronicles one such instance in the life of a community association and describes how a planned mediation process altered events for the better.
What Does Y2K Mean for Local Governments?
Authors: Toregas Costis 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe millennium, or Y2K, bug presents a formidable challenge to the problem‐solving skills of local government officials. Lacking a cure‐all that will work for every municipality, local officials must develop their own solutions to meet their community's unique needs. At the same time, the Y2K bug provides a once‐in‐a‐millennium leadership opportunity for local officials who understand that they are the key to preparing their communities to fight this pervasive problem.
Grassroots Organizations, Local Government, and the Effort to Prepare Communities for Y2K
Authors: Zubizarreta Rosa , Atlee Tom 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough the challenges posed by the Y2K bug are great, the different social sectors are also being offered an unprecedented opportunity for renewed civic participation and for collaboration to provide for the common good. Examples of communities preparing for Y2K illustrate some of the learnings arising out of multisector efforts to promote preparedness.
Reclaiming and Remaking Public Space: Toward an Architecture for American Democracy
Authors: Mattson Kevin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDemocracy requires places where citizens can gather together to discuss the issues of the day and work on solving problems. In the past, architects recognized this and built public squares where citizens could assemble. In recent years, though, public space and civic interaction have declined radically. The suburban emphasis on the automobile and the shopping mall created a landscape with a minimum of public spaces. Some architects and developers, however, have caught on to the fact that a one‐dimensional landscape dedicated to shopping alone will never satisfy the many wants and needs humans have. If we are truly concerned with the state of American democracy, we should build a landscape that symbolizes our respect for the public realm and encourages the intermingling of citizens.
Making Something Out of Almost Nothing: Social Capital Development in Newark, New Jersey's, Enterprise Community
Authors: Schulgasser Daniel M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn 1994, Newark, New Jersey, was turned down for a coveted designation as a Federal Empowerment Zone. Instead, it was named an Enterprise Community, a lesser designation that includes a much smaller grant from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Unlike some cities, however, Newark took the Enterprise Community designation seriously and launched an ambitious project linking the public, private, and nonprofit sectors. In this article Daniel Schulgasser, Newark's coordinator of federal and state aid, recounts the city's four‐year experience with the Enterprise Community process and analyzes how successful the program was in its objective of developing networks of civic engagement within the community.
Meshfree point collocation method for elasticity and crack problems
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ho , Yoon Young‐Cheol 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA generalized diffuse derivative approximation is combined with a point collocation scheme for solid mechanics problems. The derivatives are obtained from a local approximation so their evaluation is computationally very efficient. This meshfree point collocation method has other advantages: it does not require special treatment for essential boundary condition nor the time‐consuming integration of a weak form. Neither the connectivity of the mesh nor differentiability of the weight function is necessary. The accuracy of the solutions is exceptional and generally exceeds that of element‐free Galerkin method with linear basis. The performance and robustness are demonstrated by several numerical examples, including crack problems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of a colocated finite volume scheme for the Navier‐Stokes equations
Authors: Faure S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe aim of this article is to describe a colocated finite volume approximation of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equation and study its stability. One of the advantages of colocated finite volume space discretizations over staggered space discretizations is that all the variables share the same location; hence, the possibility to more easily use complex geometries and hierarchical decompositions of the unknowns. The time discretization used in the scheme studied here is a projection method. First, we give the full discretization of the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations, then, we state the stability result and prove it following the methods of Marion and Temam. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
“Wait and see” strategy in localized neuroblastoma in infants: An option not only for cases detected by mass screening
Authors: Fritsch Peter , Kerbl Reinhold , Lackner Herwig , Urban Christian 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNeuroblastomas in infants may regress or mature spontaneously. Consequently, some authors have applied a “wait and see” strategy for tumors found by urinary mass screening. Recently, improved technique and increasing frequency of ultrasound examinations have led to an increase of neuroblastoma cases in pre‐ and post‐natal period. We describe five cases, four diagnosed by routine ultrasound examination and one detected by urinary mass screening, who were monitored with a “wait and see” strategy in order to spare surgery. Median age at diagnosis was 4 months (range 2–10 months). All tumors were adrenal neuroblastomas. All patients met the following criteria: localized tumors, tumor size less than 5 cm in diameter, absence of invasive growth, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) less than 50 µg/mg creatinine, and informed consent of parents. Monitoring was performed by monthly ultrasound examinations and urine catecholamine analysis. Median follow‐up is 14 months (5–28 months). Three tumors showed spontaneous regression, one is still under observation. In one patient the tumor increased in size and was resected after 14 months of observation displaying favorable histology, but chromosome 1p imbalance. Previous reports describe the adoption of a “wait and see” strategy in selected cases of localized neuroblastoma detected by mass screening. Our study confirms that this strategy may be similarly applied in incidentally or clinically detected cases. However, possible benefit has to be carefully balanced against possible risks. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Funipuncture for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy
Authors: Senat M. V. , Fischer C. , Ville Y. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe most widely used method for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy for fetal abnormalities (TOPFA) consists of injecting of potassium chloride (KCl) into the fetal heart and is likely to be painful after 22 weeks of gestation. We studied ten consecutive women undergoing TOPFA between 22 and 38 weeks. This technique for fetocide consisted of a single umbilical vein puncture under ultrasound guidance with injections of sufentanil 5 µg followed by KCl 2 g. No electrocardiographic modifications could be observed and maternal plasma potassium levels did not show any significant variation throughout the procedure. Fetal umbilical phlebotomy for fetal analgesia followed by fetocide therefore appears to be a safe procedure for the mother and allows the fetus to die without pain when late termination of pregnancy (TOP) is indicated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of common aneuploidies using quantitative fluorescent PCR
Authors: Bili Chrysanthy , Divane Aspasia , Apessos Angela , Konstantinos Tassis , Apostolos Athanasiadis , Ioannis Barbarigos , Periklis Theodoropoulos , Florentin Lina 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveQuantitative fluorescence‐polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) has recently been used for the detection of common chromosomal aneuploidies in prenatal diagnosis. Here we describe our experience in prenatal diagnosis of 1100 samples.MethodsExtraction of DNA was performed from amniotic fluid, chorionic villus samples (CVS), fetal blood and fetal tissue samples, using a simple, rapid protocol. Fluorescent multiplex PCR products of single tandem repeats (STRs) located on chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were then analyzed on an automated laser fluorescent sequencer. All samples were analyzed with at least two polymorphic markers for chromosomes 13, 18 and 21 and one for the X chromosome. The amelogenin locus was used for sexing. Analysis was performed twice on affected samples. When miscellaneous results were obtained extra markers were used.ResultsWe evaluated the usefulness of different markers in the Greek population. In a total of 1100 samples, 25 chromosome aberrations were identified, including trisomy 13, 18 and 21, XYY, triploidies 69,XXX and 69,XXY and one Turner mosaic. All results but three were consistent with conventional cytogenetic analysis. One mosaic was missed. Most bloodstained samples were successfully analyzed.ConclusionSuccessful analysis of a large number of prenatal samples proves QF‐PCR to be an efficient adjunct in routine prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy outcome in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency and normal karyotype
Authors: Senat M. V. , De Keersmaecker B. , Audibert F. , Montcharmont G. , Frydman R. , Ville Y. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate pregnancy outcome and mid‐ and long‐term prognosis of cases with nuchal translucency ≥4 mm and normal karyotype.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 160 cases who presented with a nuchal translucency ≥4 mm when the CRL was between 45 and 84 mm was undertaken. Cystic hygromas were excluded. When the karyotype was normal a detailed anomaly scan was performed at 20 to 24 weeks followed by serial ultrasound examination. Clinical examination of the neonates was performed by a paediatrician. Long‐term follow‐up was completed through a questionnaire filled in by parents, GPs and paediatricians.Results160 fetuses had an NT ≥4 mm. 44.3% had an abnormal karyotype. Of the 55.7% with normal karyotypes, 74 % did not show any abnormalities on follow‐up ultrasound scan. Mid‐ and long‐term outcome was known in 91% of the cases. 6.4% had a malformation diagnosed only at birth. Among the normal neonates, 11.1% are considered to have a significant neurological handicap or orthopaedic problems at 12 to 72 months of age.ConclusionIn an unselected population, NT ≥4 mm is associated with a high incidence of chromosomal and non chromosomal abnormalities. Even when the fetal karyotype and serial ultrasound examinations are considered to be normal, the risk of fetal malformation and developmental delay should not be underestimated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fetal magnetocardiography: development of the fetal cardiac time intervals
Authors: Kähler Christiane , Schleußner Ekkehard , Grimm Barbara , Schneider Alina , Schneider Uwe , Nowak Hannes , Seewald Hans J. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo analyse the physiologic development of fetal cardiac time intervals throughout gestation using fetal magnetocardiography (FMCG).MethodsFMCG data of 163 uncomplicated pregnancies (19th and 42nd gestational week) were analysed. Mean value, standard deviation, minimum and maximum of the duration of the P‐wave, the QRS‐complex, the PR and the QT‐interval were plotted against gestational age.ResultsQRS‐complex, P wave and QT‐interval showed a significant lengthening between the 20th and 42nd gestational week. The mean of the QRS complex raised from 36±4.7 ms (week 21–24) up to 48±5.2 ms (⩾37th week), (p=0.0001). The mean of the P‐wave was between 47±5.9 ms (week 21–24) and 53±9.5 ms (⩾37th week), (p=0.05) and the mean of the QT‐interval was 198±18 ms (week 21–24) and increased up to 244±23.9 ms (⩾37th week), (p=0.009). The PR‐interval did not show a correlation with gestational age.ConclusionFMCG provides sufficient information about all parts of the fetal cardiac conduction system from the 19th gestational week on. It offers the possibility to analyse the shape and the duration of the PQRST‐complex. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple and effective approach for detecting maternal cell contamination in molecular prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Antoniadi T. , Yapijakis C. , Kaminopetros P. , Makatsoris C. , Velissariou V. , Vassilopoulos D. , Petersen M. B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe presence of maternal cells in fetal samples constitutes a serious potential source for prenatal misdiagnosis. Here we present our approach for detecting maternal cell contamination (MCC) at prenatal diagnosis for eight monogenic disorders (autosomal recessive: β‐thalassaemia, sickle‐cell anaemia, cystic fibrosis, prelingual deafness; autosomal dominant: achondroplasia, Huntington disease, myotonic dystrophy, neurofibromatosis type I; X‐linked: spinobulbar muscular atrophy). Our aim was to apply a simple and low‐cost approach, which would easily and accurately provide information on the fetal tissue MCC status. MCC testing was applied to cases of recessive inheritance where the primary mutation screening of the fetus revealed the presence of the maternal mutation, to cases concerning dominant inheritance and to cases of multiple gestation. The potential presence of maternal cells was determined by the amplification of the 3′‐HVR/APO B, D1S80, THO1 and VNTRI of vWf polymorphic loci, which have previously demonstrated high heterozygosity in Caucasians. Among 135 prenatal diagnoses, 44 finally needed to be tested for MCC (32.6%). MCC was detected in four cases, where DNA was isolated directly from chorionic villi samples (CVS), and in one case with DNA isolated directly from amniotic fluid (AF). In almost 90% of cases a simple test of one polymorphic locus provided sufficient information about MCC. The choice of the appropriate locus is therefore essential, while the simultaneous screening of both parents provides the means for distinguishing non‐informative sites about MCC. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal hepatic infarction in twin–twin transfusion
Authors: O'Sullivan M. J. , Dempsey E. M. , Kirwan W. O. , Ryan C. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe report a case of a twin pregnancy which was complicated by a twin–twin transfusion in which the recipient twin was noted to have an intra‐abdominal echogenic mass. This twin died at two days of age of hepatic infarction. The donor twin was healthy at birth, at thirty weeks' gestation, and did not have any subsequent problems. Fetal intra‐abdominal echogenicity may be a marker of hepatic infarction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in a fetus with thanatophoric dysplasia type 2
Authors: Kalache Karim D. , Lehmann Katarina , Chaoui Rabih , Kivelitz Dietmar E. , Mundlos Stefan , Bollmann Rainer 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA fetus with thanatophoric dysplasia type 2 (TD2) associated with cloverleaf skull and abnormal development of the corpus callosum is reported. This case represents the first prenatal direct visualization of a partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) using high‐resolution ultrasonography and colour power Doppler, which was confirmed by post‐mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The causal link between cloverleaf skull in TD and partial ACC is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case report of prenatally diagnosed ophthalmo‐acromelic syndrome type Waardenburg
Authors: Kara F. , Yesildaglar N. , Tuncer R. A. , Semerci N. , Onat N. , Yilmazer Y. Ç. , Sipahi T. , Erkaya S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractOphthalmo‐acromelic syndrome type Waardenburg is an extremely rare autosomal recessive syndrome comprising eye malformations ranging from true anophthalmia to mild microphthalmia with acromelic malformations. We report a case of ophthalmo‐acromelic syndrome type Waardenburg diagnosed prenatally. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maternal uniparental isodisomy 10 and mosaicism for an additional marker chromosome derived from the paternal chromosome 10 in a fetus
Authors: Schlegel Monika , Baumer Alessandra , Riegel Mariluce , Wiedemann Ute , Schinzel Albert 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAn Erratum has been published for this article in Prenatal Diagnosis 22(11) 2002: 1056.We report a case of maternal isodisomy 10 combined with mosaic partial trisomy 10 (p12.31‐q11.1). Chromosome examinations from a CVS sample showed a karyotype 47,XY,+mar/46,XY. The additional marker chromosome which was present in 6/25 interphase nuclei was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to have been derived from a pericentromeric segment of chromosome 10. DNA analysis was performed from umbilical cord blood from the fetus after termination of the pregnancy at 18 weeks. The results showed that the two structurally normal chromosomes 10 were both of maternal origin, whereas the marker chromosome derived from the father. Autopsy of the fetus revealed hypoplasia of heart, liver, kidneys and suprarenal glands, but, apart from a right bifid ureter, no structural organ abnormalities. This fetus represents the second reported instance of a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) 10. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.