bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the endangered St. Vincent Parrot, Amazona guildingii
Authors: Russello M. , Calcagnotto D. , DeSalle R. , Amato G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated within the St Vincent parrot (Amazona guildingii), an endangered island endemic, from a GTn enriched genomic library. Nine polymorphic loci were characterized varying from two to nine alleles per locus. Seven loci exhibited levels of heterozygosity ranging from 39 to 100% within the 28 individuals genotyped. Furthermore, the primers were demonstrated to cross‐amplify within four genera of Neotropical parrots, indicating the potential utility of these markers to further population‐level studies and conservation efforts of New World Psittacines.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Tursiops aduncus
Authors: Krützen M. , Valsecchi E. , Connor R. C. , Sherwin W. B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe describe the cloning and characterization of five highly polymorphic microsatellite loci cloned from aduncus dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) from Western Australia. Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and tested on up to 350 animals, showing 7–23 alleles and expected heterozygosity values from 0.68 to 0.89. We also tested the loci on striped dolphins and franciscana dolphins, where we also found high levels of polymorphism (9–16 alleles in 102 striped, and 4–5 alleles in 13 franciscana dolphins). Considering that the cetacean genome is highly conserved, the characterized markers are likely to be useful in a number of cetacean population studies.
Development of microsatellite markers in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Kimura T. , Shoda M. , Ban Y. , Hayashi T. , Matsuta N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThirteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed in the Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by using an enriched genomic library. The obtained microsatellite loci showed a high degree of polymorphism in the Japanese pear with 3–6 alleles per locus. The average values of observed and expected heterozygosities among these 13 loci were 0.69 and 0.71, respectively. Ten microsatellites could successfully amplify loci in the European pear (Pyrus communis L.), which were highly polymorphic as well.
gemini: software for testing the effects of genotyping errors and multitubes approach for individual identification
Authors: Valière Nathaniel , Berthier Pierre , Mouchiroud Dominique , Pontier Dominique 
Published: March 2003

AbstractImprovements in the determination of individual genotypes from samples with low DNA quantity and quality are of prime importance in molecular ecology and conservation for reliable genetic individual identification (molecular tagging using microsatllites loci). Thus, errors (e.g. allelic dropout and false allele) appearing during samples genotyping must be monitored and eliminated as far as possible. The multitubes approach is a very effective but a costly and time‐consuming solution. In this paper, we present a simulation software that allows evaluation of the effect of genotyping errors on genetic identification of individuals and the effectiveness of a multitubes approach to correct these errors.
Development of microsatellite loci in red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus)
Authors: Seeb L. W. , Kretschmer E. J. , Olsen J. B. , Templin W. D. , Jones K. C. , Grant W. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for three trinucleotide and three tetranucleotide microsatellite loci were developed for red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) to aid in studies of genetic population structure in Alaskan waters. Number of alleles ranged from six to 18 alleles (N = 562), and locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.505 to 0.839. Six primers were cross amplified with golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus); five primers with blue king crab (P. platypus); and one primer with the splendid hermit crab (Labidochirus splendescens), the ‘missing link’ between pagurid and lithodid crabs. No cross amplification occurred with Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi) or Aleutian hermit crab (Pagurus aleuticus).
Isolation and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci for Scaptodrosophila hibisci
Authors: Wilson Alex C. C. , Sunnucks Paul , Barker J. S. F. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Scaptodrosophila hibisci
is an endemic Australian Drosophilidae that breeds in the flowers of native
Hibiscus
. Here we report the isolation and amplification of 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci
.
We cloned these microsatellites because loci developed for
Drosophila melanogaster
failed to amplify in
S. hibisci
. Null alleles were detected at six loci, and five were X‐linked. Two of the primer pairs amplified an unlinked ‘bonus’ locus. One locus containing juxtaposed microsatellite loci was suitable for designing an additional set of primers. Mean number of alleles per locus was 10, mean
H
O
and
H
E per locus were 0.532 and 0.636, respectively.
Microsatellite loci for genetic research in the hornet Vespa mandarinia and related species
Authors: Hasegawa Eisuke , Takahashi Jyunichi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe developed 5 microsatelitte loci in the hornet Vespa mandarinia from RAPD fragments. The 5 loci showed 3–7 alleles in V. mandarinia and many were also polymorphic in the related species, V. ducalis, V. analis, Dolichovespula norvegicoides and Vespula schrenckii. These results suggested the loci will be useful for analyzing genetic structure of Vespinae, at both the colony and population levels.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum)
Authors: Wieczorek A. M. , Zamudio K. R. , King T. L. , Gjetvaj B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo assess the level and spatial pattern of genetic diversity in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum, we characterized hypervariable molecular markers by screening genomic libraries enriched for microsatellite motifs. We designed primers that reliably amplify twelve polymorphic loci and checked for variability in individuals from populations in the vicinity of Ithaca, New York. Loci show high variability in the number of alleles and heterozygosities, suggesting they will be useful for determining local population differentiation and mating systems in this pond‐breeding amphibian.
Microsatellite loci from the pink shrimp Farfantenaeus notialis (Crustacea, Decapoda)
Authors: Robainas A. , Monnerot M. , Solignac M. , Dennebouy N. , Espinosa G. , García‐Machado E. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Farfantepenaeus notialis is an important resource for fisheries in Cuba. For this reason and for a sustainable exploitation it is important to study their population structure and genetic variability. We report and characterize microsatellites as genetic markers from this species. Fifteen microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed and tested in some individuals from different populations. Seven pair of primers showed reliable amplification products and five were polymorphic. The allele number ranged from 4 to 33, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were relatively high with values between 0.63 and 0.74 and 0.56 and 0.81, respectively. Departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed for all loci.
Novel primer sets for species‐specific amplification of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA genes in four Japanese woodpeckers (Picidae, Piciformes)
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Ishibashi Yasuyuki , Syuiti Abe 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn birds, feathers and faeces can be used as a source of DNA for genetic analyses. If the materials are derived from an absentee bird(s), however, the species must first be identified. Here, we developed four pairs of primers for amplification of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA fragments in the black woodpecker Dryocopus martius, a vulnerable species in Japan, and three other sympatric woodpeckers including Dendrocopos leucotos, D. major and Picus awokera. Because each primer pair gave a PCR product in only one of the examined species, these primer sets will be useful in identifying the species of woodpeckers.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in the tropical plant‐ant Cataulacus mckeyi (Formicidae: Myrmicinae)
Authors: Debout G. , Dalecky A. , Mondor G. , Estoup A. , Rasplus J.‐Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEleven microsatellite loci were isolated from the plant‐ant Cataulacus mckeyi (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) and their polymorphism was characterized. High levels of within‐population variation were observed at most loci, with number of alleles ranging from one to 16, and heterozygosity from 0 to 0.929 per population sample. Cross‐species amplification of these loci was also tested in four other species of the ant genus Cataulacus.
spagedi: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels
Authors: Hardy Olivier J. , Vekemans Xavier 
Published: March 2003

Abstract spag
e
d
i version 1.0 is a software primarily designed to characterize the spatial genetic structure of mapped individuals or populations using genotype data of codominant markers. It computes various statistics describing genetic relatedness or differentiation between individuals or populations by pairwise comparisons and tests their significance by appropriate numerical resampling.
spag
e
d i is useful for: (i) detecting isolation by distance within or among populations and estimating gene dispersal parameters; (ii) assessing genetic relatedness between individuals and its actual variance, a parameter of interest for marker based inferences of quantitative inheritance; (iii) assessing genetic differentiation among populations, including the case of haploids or autopolyploids.
Microsatellite loci for studies of population differentiation and range expansion in Solidago sempervirens L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Wieczorek A. M. , Geber M. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFor studies of population differentiation and range expansion in the seaside goldenrod, Solidago sempervirens, we identified hypervariable molecular markers by screening genomic libraries enriched for microsatellite motifs. We designed primers that reliably amplified nine polymorphic loci. High polymorphism in a population from Delaware Bay, USA suggests that the loci will be useful in population studies. The success of cross‐amplifications in 11 species of Asteraceae varied among loci and did not appear to reflect phylogenetic relationships within Solidago.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the forage species Arachis pintoi (Genus Arachis)
Authors: Palmieri D. A. , Hoshino A. A. , Bravo J. P. , Lopes C. R. , Gimenes M. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Arachis pintoi
is an alternative to forage production in the tropics. Its germplasm comprises more than 150 accessions, that could be used to improve it. Our objective was the isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in
A. pintoi
to be used to molecular evaluation of this germplasm and of
A. repens
(section
Caulorrhizae
). Seven loci were analyzed using five accessions of
A. repens
and 20 accessions of
A. pintoi
. The high variation found makes clear the high potential of this marker in genetic studies in these species. The developed markers showed total transferability to
A. repens .
A5. Psychopathological screening: psychopathological evaluation instruments in aesthetic surgery
Authors: Gotti M , Borghetti G 
Published: March 2003

Incidences of psychiatric disorders are higher among patients who undergo plastic surgery than they are among patients undergoing other types of surgery. This literature makes reference to those pathologies consisting of a denial of one's own body or part(s) of it. Among the pathologies considered the most widespread is physical dysmorphophobia.Studies have shown that clients afflicted by this pathology can deteriorate even following aesthetic surgery. These procedures, even though correctly performed, do not give the expected results and the patients are unsatisfied. Commonly, these patients experience the onset of new concerns which may worsen their clinical portfolio. Further postoperative deterioration may lead to legal implications. The law asserts the inviolability of the individual even though he/she may suffer from latent psychological disorders. The perturbation of mental equilibrium, even though labile, represents a refundable damage. Law, as well as surgery, asserts the importance of psychological wellbeing. Clinical evaluation instruments are presently employed in America as well as in Italy.
A7. Non‐invasive skin rejuvenation techniques
Authors: Karam Paula 
Published: March 2003

Skin ageing manifests itself as loss of lustre and elasticity, irregular pigmentation and wrinkling ranging from fine to deep. Most of these changes can be reversed and, depending on the procedures used, the results last from few months to several years.A baseline for all types of treatment of skin ageing is the use of anti‐ageing gels or creams. These consist of the daily application of vitamin C, fruit acid, vitamin A acid and depigmenting agents. This type of treatment will bring a youthful appearance to the whole skin and reduces blemishes and fine wrinkles. Often we need to combine one or more of the cosmetic procedures available to achieve a more pronounced result. Superficial wrinkles are best treated by superficial or medium‐depth peels, while deeper wrinkles indicate the use of laser skin resurfacing. Other methods to correct fine and deep wrinkles include fillers, ranging from hyaluronic acid to collagen, silicone and fat, botulinum and others.In conclusion, to achieve the best results we often need to combine two or many of the above procedures, keeping in mind that certain patients should be advised to have a face lift in conjunction with these treatments.
A8. Time‐related macro‐ and microanatomical modifications observed in vascular malformations: signs of relentless, uncontrollable evolution?
Authors: Kiryu Hiromaro 
Published: March 2003

Cutaneous haemangiomas can be a cosmetic problem mainly because of their colour and due to any secondarily‐associated lesions which the patient feels to be unattractive.Strawberry marks and portwine stains are common malformations and it is recommended that they are treated by laser as early as possible. Strawberry marks usually appear shortly after birth and develop for a short while before shrinking. The subsequently damaged skin, however, may have a rough and wrinkled appearance which sometimes needs surgical correction.Portwine stains are usually present at birth.1 The lesion does not diminish and the colour darkens later. Some nodules, named hypertrophic portwine stains, will appear later in life within the macular lesions and also need to be treated surgically.
The Koebner phenomenon: review of the literature
Authors: Weiss G , Shemer A , Trau H 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFirst described in 1877 as the appearance of psoriatic lesions in the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients as a consequence of trauma, the Koebner phenomenon has since been described in numerous diseases. Other authors have tried to implicate either infections or parasitic causes as the pathogenesis of this phenomenon. Subsequent research by many authors have contributed to our poor understanding of this reaction in the hope of understanding the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We present a review of the literature covering the following topics as they relate to the Koebner phenomenon: diseases that koebnerize and their possible causes, predisposing and provoking factors, type, site, depth and degree of trauma, the all or none phenomenon, time lag, site preference, medications, inhibition of koebnerization and reverse koebnerization.
Accident and emergency medicine specialist registrars’ perceptions of the ‘essential’ aspects of a training placement
Authors: Stewart Jane , Bregazzi Richard , O'Halloran Catherine 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study set out to identify the important aspects of training placements as perceived by specialist registrars (SpRs) in accident and emergency medicine (A&EM). These data were to be used to gain greater insight into the collective wishes of this group in order to inform the development of quality assurance systems. A self‐administered questionnaire was developed from repertory grid data and was used to identify what were the ‘essential’, ‘useful’ and ‘not needed’ aspects of A&EM training placements. The questionnaire covered ‘the job’, ‘the department’, ‘clinical experiences’, ‘support for learning’ and ‘training’. SpRs were also asked how frequently they wished certain activities to take place. The questionnaire was completed by 16 of the 17 A&EM SpRs (94%) training in the Northern Deanery. Of the 82 statements submitted to the SpRs, 40% (33) were marked as ‘essential’ by 75% or more of the registrars. Aspects classed as ‘essential’ by the highest number of SpRs were concerned with the recognition of their role as learners within a service environment and with how their learning was supported. SpRs felt it was essential to be integrated into the work team with a clear role that was understood to combine ‘education’ and service provision. Although there was consensus, the findings also showed the SpRs’ individuality in terms of their learning and support needs. The study illustrates the complexity of defining quality indicators for evaluating training processes in work placements and suggests that quality lies not just in the components of a system for managing education but also in the flexibility of its application and in aspects of the ‘learning culture’.
A comparison of infestation patterns byIxodesticks in urban and rural populations of the Common BlackbirdTurdus merula
Authors: Gregoire Arnaud , Faivre Bruno , Heeb Philipp , Cezilly Frank 
Published: March 2003

Although spatial variation in the patterns of parasite infestations among host populations may have important ecological and epidemiological consequences, the causes underlying such variation are poorly known. In the context of a long‐term study on the population biology of Common BlackbirdsTurdus merula, we examined the prevalence and intensity of infestation byIxodesticks between birds living in rural vs. urban habitats. The overall prevalence of tick infestations was significantly higher in the rural habitat where 74% of individuals (n = 130) were infested. This result contrasted markedly with the situation in the urban habitat where less than 2% of individuals (n = 360) carried ticks. There was no significant effect of the sex of the host on the intensity or prevalence of tick infestations. There was a significant effect of the age of the host on tick infestations essentially due to the absence of ticks on nestlings. Possible mechanisms responsible for the differences between habitats could include differences in tick survival and/or host resistance towards ticks. Previous studies have shown higher population densities and suggested longer survival for Blackbirds in urban than in rural habitats. Given that ixodid ticks are known to transmit pathogens likeBorreliaspp. to wild birds, and that Blackbirds can act as reservoirs for these pathogens, the infection patterns observed in our study area provide a suitable situation to study the interrelations between ticks, Blackbirds and pathogens.
Genetic and morphological differentiation between remnant populations of an endangered species: the case of the Seychelles White‐eye
Authors: Rocamora Gérard J. , Richardson David S. 
Published: March 2003

The Seychelles White‐eyeZosterops modestusis a critically endangered species that survives in two remnant populations on the islands of Mahé and Conception. Multilocus minisatellite DNA fingerprinting and morphometric measurements were used to assess the levels of variation between these populations. Mahé White‐eyes are on average significantly larger than Conception birds, as are males compared to females. The mean level of bandsharing (c. 60%) indicates low levels of genetic variability within both populations. Bandsharing is significantly lower between populations (32%), suggesting that the two populations are genetically isolated from each other, and that one is not a subsample from the other. Both populations should therefore be considered as equally important genetic reservoirs that deserve to be safeguarded. Although each population appears locally adapted to its particular island environment, such limited differentiation is not considered of major taxonomic significance. Recombining genetic variation by mixing individuals from both populations may be beneficial for the species in view of future island transfers. This illustrates the importance of investigating differentiation between remnant populations of a threatened species to orientate future conservation and management measures.
Chart construction and letter legibility/readability
Authors: McMonnies Charles W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryVariation in legibility/readability between charts letters may be due to differences in chart construction and/or examination protocols and/or subject selection. An examination of legibility/readability of letters that are common to two chart constructions was undertaken. Identical examination and subject selection protocols for both charts were employed. It was found that ranking of error frequencies for some letters varied between the Bausch & Lomb Compact Acuity Projector and Bailey–Lovie charts. Despite many similarities in ranking, the differences found for the letters D and E indicate that caution should be observed before assuming that legibility/readability determined with one letter chart would apply when using another. Lack of standardisation for chart construction, as well as measurement methods and conditions of measurement, invalidate inter‐practice comparisons for visual acuity.
Influence of chronic alcohol abuse and ensuing forced abstinence on static subjective accommodation function in humans
Authors: Campbell Hugh , Doughty Michael J. , Heron Gordon , Ackerley Roger G. 
Published: March 2003

Summary Purpose. Acute alcohol ingestion can change accommodation, but the long term effects of sustained alcohol consumption on accommodative function have not been studied in detail. This study was thus undertaken on individuals with a history of alcohol abuse. Methods. Thirty‐seven male individuals aged 25–56 years (average 40 years) from an alcohol rehabilitation centre in Inverness, Scotland, were assessed on admission and after a week of forced abstinence. The results were compared to a paired age‐matched set of control male subjects. The static amplitude of accommodation was measured by an RAF rule, and the pupil size measured with a pupil gauge. Results.
On admission, the group mean measured amplitude of accommodation was 4.7±2.2 D (mean±SD). These values for the alcoholics were lower than age‐matched controls (of5.9±2.9 D). The slope of the age‐dependent decline in RAF rule accommodation measures was significantly smaller for the alcoholics compared to controls (at 0.215±0.027 D/year versus0.332±0.015 D/year, respectively;
p <0.001), with the younger alcoholics showing a greater impairment. Following abstinence, there was no measurable change in accommodation measured, indicating the lower amplitude in the alcoholics was not attributable to circulatory alcohol levels. The resting pupil diameter in the alcoholics was4.37±0.63 mm compared to the controls of3.97±0.75 mm, with a higher incidence of small pupils (≤3 mm) in the controls. Conclusions. The results indicate that chronic alcohol use can adversely affect subjective static accommodation, especially in younger alcoholics, as well as cause slight mydriasis.