bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN NEUTROPHIL TO LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN COVID-19 DI RSUD H. ABDUL MANAP JAMBI TAHUN 2021
Authors: Fadhila Etina , Kostradi Donny , Istarini Attiya 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was initially found in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Simple hematology laboratory tests such as Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) measurements are used to describe the prognosis of patients in various clinical circumstances. This study aims to describe the correlation between NLR test results with the severity degree of COVID-19 patients without pregnancy and comorbid in RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi from January to December 2021. Methods: The research used a retrospective cross-sectional method. NLR data were collected from medical records and laboratory tests of COVID-19 patients. The Spearman test was used for bivariate analysis. Results: There were 38 samples in this study, with the majority of the patient with NLR <3,13 (58%) and patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 severity (39,5%). Based on the statistical test between NLR and COVID-19, the severity degree gets p-value= = 0,001 with r-correlation= = 0,829. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a strong correlation between Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) with Covid-19 severity degree patients without pregnancy and comorbid in RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi from January to December 2021.
Keywords: COVID-19, NLR, Severity Degree, Characteristic

ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019. Pemeriksaan laboratorium Hematologi sederhana seperti pengukuran Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dapat digunakan sebagai faktor untuk menentukan prognosis pasien COVID-19 dalam berbagai kondisi klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan hasil pemeriksaan Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 tanpa kehamilan dan komorbid di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi pada bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2021. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode retrospective cross sectional dengan melihat data rekam medis dan pemeriksaan laboratorium pasien COVID-19. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Spearman. Hasil: Dari 38 sampel penelitian, persentase terbanyak sampel adalah pasien dengan hasil perhitungan NLR <3,13 (58%) dan pasien dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 ringan dan sedang (39,5%). Berdasarkan uji statistik diperoleh p-value <0,001 dan r-korelasi adalah 0,829. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan sangat kuat antara hasil pemeriksaan Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 tanpa kehamilan dan komorbid di RSUD H. Abdul Manap Jambi pada bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2021.
Kata Kunci : COVID-19, NLR, Derajat Keparahan, Karakteristik
The role of the headline in the journalistic portrait materials in the regional press of the late twentieth century (by Arkhangelsk regional newspaper “Pravda Severa”)
Authors: Незговоров С.В. 
Published: October 2023

В статье рассматривается роль и функции заголовка в текстах журналистских материалов рубрики «Твои люди, Север» архангельской областной газеты «Правда Севера» в период 70–90 годов ХХ века. Заголовки характеризуются с точки зрения их структуры и семантики, рассматриваются особенности взаимодействия заголовков с текстами.
The article examines the role and functions of the headline in the texts of journalistic materials of the rubric “Your people, the North” of Arkhangelsk regional newspaper “Pravda Severa” in the period of 70–90 years of the twentieth century. The headlines are characterized from the point of view of their structure and semantics; the features of the interaction between headlines and texts are considered.
Metasystem approach to the structural-level analysis of language competence
Authors: Карпов Анатолий Викторович , Чернов Дмитрий Николаевич 
Published: October 2023

Рассмотрена структурно-уровневая организация языковой компетентности как психолого-педагогического феномена с точки зрения метасистемного подхода. Выявлены пять несводимых друг к другу уровней системы языковой компетентности. Эмпирическая верификация концептуальной модели проведена на выборке учащихся второго класса общеобразовательной школы. Методический инструментарий составили широко используемые в психолого-педагогической практике тесты речевого развития, а также авторская методика изучения особенностей знания языка при оперировании квазиязыковыми конструкциями. Также применены методы беседы, наблюдения и экспертной оценки. Исследование подтвердило теоретические предположения о динамическом характере перестроек структурно-уровневой организации системы языковой компетентности в зависимости от степени ее сформированности. Полученные результаты имеют значение для уточнения цели, задач и методов обучения языку и психолого-педагогического сопровождения этого процесса в современных условиях.
The paper considers the structural-level organization of language competence as a psychologicalpedagogical phenomenon from the point of view of the metasystem approach. Five levels of the language competence system are not reducible to each other: metasystem, system-wide, subsystem, component and element levels. The content of the meta-system level of the language competence system is determined. It consists of an integral language ability, consisting of subsystems: communicative, lexical-semantic, grammatical and regulatory subsystems. From a psychological point of view the most important is the regulatory subsystem, which is an activity invariant of self-regulatory processes. The structure of the meta-system level gets its concrete implementation in the underlying levels of the system in the form of ways of operating with language knowledge: language reflection, sense of language (language intuition) and language skills. Empirical verification of the conceptual model was carried out on a sample of junior schoolchildren. The methodical tools were made up of tests of language development widely used in psychological and pedagogical practice, as well as the author’s method for studying the peculiarities of language knowledge when operating quasi-linguistic constructions. The methods of conversation, structured observation and expert assessment are also applied. The study confirmed the theoretical assumptions about the dynamic nature of the restructuring of the structural-level organization of the system of language competence, depending on the degree of its formation. The results are important for clarifying the purposes and methods of language teaching and psychological-pedagogical support of this process in modern conditions.
Parliamentary activity of Kyril Trylovskyi in the context of social and political processes in the Ukrainian lands, beginning 20 th century
Authors: Francuz A.Y. 
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the human rights activities of lawyer Кугуїо Trilovskyi during his first parliamentary term in the Austrian parliament (1907-1911). The advantages and disadvantages of the election law, as well as the consequences of its adoption for the Ukrainian population of the region, are analyzed. It was noted that the reform had a number of significant shortcomings, namely: voting rights did not extend to women and military personnel, the age for elections was set at 24 years, for deputies - 30 years, the residency requirement - one year. The distribution of deputy seats by nationality was also quite uneven. At the same time, the law introduced democratic innovations, in particular, providing for voting on the basis of general direct and secret suffrage.
K. Trylovskyi’s views on the inclusion of Ukrainian lands in Austria-Hungary, which the researcher considered a more positive phenomenon than their stay in Poland, were revealed. The lawyer believed that the legal status of the Ukrainian population within Austria is more promising.
The vectors of Кугуїо Trylovsky’s parliamentary activity are characterized. In particular, the priority of the Ukrainian issue was emphasized in the speeches of the human rights defender. It is noted that the lawyer devoted his first speech in the walls of the Austrian Parliament (July 22, 1907) to highlighting issues related to numerous abuses of the position of the Polish nobility in Galicia.
It is indicated that in his speeches the parliamentarian raised other, no less important issues for the Ukrainian population: state compensation for damages caused by the flood; the right to own and use weapons by shepherds to protect domestic animals; mandatory use in courts when writing protocols and indictments in the Ukrainian language; establishment of a clear list of items that cannot be taken away in case of tax collection; the right and opportunity of Ukrainian military personnel to celebrate Ukrainian holidays, etc.
The order of establishing and determining of normative legal acts direction action in Ukraine: theoretical and applied aspects
Authors: Shchirba M.Yu. 
Published: October 2023

The article characterizes the rules of establishing and determining the direction of normative legal acts action that are ineffective in domestic legislation.
The main provisions of the procedure for establishing and determining the direction of action of regulatory legal acts of Ukraine have been formed. The correlation between the rules for establishing the direction of action, which are necessary for subjects of law-making, establishing the direction of influence on abstract legal relations, and the regulation rules that are necessary for legal entities to determine the direction of influence on specific legal relations.
Under the procedure for determining the direction of action of normative legal acts it is proposed to understand the rules provided for by legal regulations according to that the subjects of legal realization determine the direction of the regulatory impact of the legal act on specific legal relations.
Taking into account the theoretical developments of the nature of the direction of action of normative legal acts rules for determining the direction are proposed.
The parameters advisable to establish and determine the direction of normative legal act action are determined by the moment when it (its individual requirements) comes into force; the time of emergence and termination of the social relations existence; the previous or new normative legal act (its separate prescriptions) action. Depending on the combination of these parameters, the subjects of law-making can choose the appropriate directions of action of normative legal acts - direct (immediate, promising), reverse (retroactive) for a new normative legal act; surviving (ultra-active) - for the previous regulatory act.
The legislation of Ukraine on the rules for establishing and determining the direction of normative legal acts action is analyzed (codified acts, decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine). It is established that in the ukrainian legislation there is no procedure for establishing and determining the direction of action of normative legal acts. Appropriate additions to the draft law of Ukraine “On normative legal acts” are proposed to be made.
The right to education and positive discrimination: a constitutional and legal analysis
Authors: Karapetian A.R. 
Published: October 2023

The article reveals the peculiarities of the constitutional and legal consolidation of positive discrimination in the field of education in foreign countries and in Ukraine. It is established that: 1) positive discrimination in the field of higher education is prohibited in the United Kingdom, Germany, Sweden, and Slovakia; 2) positive discrimination based on race in university admissions is prohibited in the USA; 3) positive discrimination is allowed and applied: in Canada to representatives of the indigenous population (indigenous peoples) when entering a university and when receiving special scholarships; in Bulgaria - only for one ethnic community - Gypsies when entering a university, in Hungary - for socially disadvantaged citizens and the ethnic community of Gypsies when entering a university, in Macedonia - for national minorities when entering a university; in Finland for applicants who speak Swedish when entering certain educational programs; in China - to representatives of ethnic minorities, in India - to representatives of classes and castes that, according to the Constitution of India, are disadvantaged; in New Zealand - to representatives of the indigenous Maori people and other Polynesians when entering higher education institutions and providing scholarships, in Sri Lanka - to applicants from areas with poor access to education, in Brazil - to representatives of racial and ethnic communities, people with low incomes and disabled people; 4) in Japan, in accordance with national legislation, it is forbidden to apply positive discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, social origin (but not citizenship) when entering a university, but in practice there is a policy of granting preferential treatment when entering a university to representatives of the Burakumin national minority; 5) The French Constitution of 1958 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, religion or sex, French legislation that develops provisions of the French Constitution prohibits direct and indirect discrimination in education based on race or ethnic origin, but allows positive discrimination in education that is based on signs of «belonging to a certain district of the city».
In Ukraine, positive discrimination in the field of education when entering universities and receiving scholarships for representatives of indigenous peoples of Ukraine is not provided for by national legislation.
Procedure for consideration of cases of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine
Authors: Yurko S.S. 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of problems and prospects of legal regulation of the procedure for consideration of cases of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine. The author establishes that the tasks entrusted to the single body of constitutional jurisdiction by the Constitution and the Law «On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine» are implemented in the form of judicial constitutional proceedings, i.e., a special judicial procedure. Currently, such a procedure is generally provided for in Section 2 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine» and the Rules of Procedure of the Constitutional Court. Most of the judicial procedures for consideration of cases of constitutional jurisdiction are defined at the level of by-laws. The author believes that this approach is erroneous, since Article 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine provides that state and local self-government bodies and their officials are obliged to act only on the basis, within the limits of their powers and in the manner provided for by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
It is established that the Venice Commission has drawn its attention to the procedural problems of the Constitutional Court in terms of legislative regulation of the divergence of judicial practice, the need for legislative detail and specification of important parts of the procedural aspects of the court’s activities. It has been established that a number of European countries have special codes of constitutional jurisdiction or similar procedural laws.
For example, the Code of Constitutional Jurisdiction of the Republic of Moldova of 16 June 1995 has a much higher quality of legal technique than similar procedural provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On the Constitutional Court of Ukraine».
In order to address the above issues, the Draft Law on Constitutional Procedure No 4533 of 21 December 2020 is currently being considered by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. While supporting the main objectives of this Draft Law, the author identifies its significant shortcomings which offset the positive novelties proposed by it. It is emphasised that the relevant legislative work should be based on the national doctrine of constitutional law, the experience of codification of procedural legislation of other branches of law and relevant foreign experience.
General characteristics of marital and family legal relations and their termination under the legislation of Ukraine
Authors: Didenko L.V. 
Published: October 2023

The family is the oldest mechanism on earth, and it occupies an important place in human society. Throughout human history, strong families have been a guarantee of stability in society.
Getting used to family life is not an easy process, conflict situations arise in it. However, all these «pitfalls» can be overcome with the joint desire of the spouses, and in the worst case, the marriage can be terminated during the life of the spouses by breaking it off (divorce). The destruction of the family has always been associated with the socio-legal problems of divorce. They were interesting for society, provided material for research in the field of law and sociology for the development of measures that would prevent the disintegration of the family.
Marriage is a union of a man and a woman, which is entered into for the formation of a family, joint life, the birth and upbringing of children, which is not limited to any term. And indeed, the intentions of the bride and groom do not contain temporary conditions, they have a permanent character. At the same time, both the legislation and the practice of family life provide for the possibility of termination of marriage, and they implement it quite often.
The marital union is based on voluntary principles. And in the event that in the course of married life it becomes clear that the further preservation of the family is not possible and the continuation of the marriage will harm the spouses and children, then divorce becomes quite natural.
Divorce is not mandatory, but possible, the kind that destroys marriage as a union - the result of the unsuccessful development of marital and family relations. As a rule, a divorce is only a formalization of the results of a marriage breakdown. The problem of divorce is a social and legal problem, which consists in determining the reasons, conditions under which a marriage can be dissolved, the signs necessary for the dissolution of a marriage in the bodies of the DRATS, the grounds sufficient for the court, the rules of its proceedings, in determining the consequences of divorce for the spouses , children and other persons. Marriage is terminated by divorce, that is, all marital relations between a man and a woman are severed, but for a long time a number of ties remain between them, as a rule, moral, and often also material, property.
Notarial process as one of the types of legal process
Authors: Didenko L.V. 
Published: October 2023

The notary of Ukraine plays an important role in the implementation of human rights and law enforcement functions in the system of law enforcement agencies of the country [1].
According to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries», a notary in Ukraine is a system of bodies and officials entrusted with the duty to certify rights, as well as facts of legal significance, and to perform other notarial actions provided for by this Law, with the aim of providing them of legal probability [2].
The activity of a notary has certain commonalities with the activities of other bodies of civil jurisdiction. Notarial activity is a type of legal and, accordingly, social activity and is aimed at providing official force and credibility to legal rights, facts and documents.
А notarial process is a type of legal process, which is a legally established procedure for performing notarial acts. The notarial process is a procedural branch, therefore, when notarial acts are performed, notarial procedural legal relations characteristic of it arise. Notarial procedural relations can be considered a type of social relations that arise between persons who perform notarial acts and persons who applied for notarial acts, and are regulated by the norms of notarial legislation.
A notarial process is a set of performed notarial proceedings or notarial actions. The notarial process is a legal form of activity of state bodies and officials authorized to do so. The performance of notarial acts is carried out by a strictly established circle of persons whose specific composition and scope of competence are established by legislation (Articles 1, 3, 34-40 of the Law of Ukraine «On Notaries»). The notarial process is an activity directly related to the need to use various methods and means of legal technology. In the notarial process, there is a system of requirements related to notarial proceedings. Since the notarial process is a type of legal process and boils down to the order of notarial actions prescribed by law, it is characterized by a complex structural content.
The notarial process is the consideration of a certain legal matter. As a result of the performance of notarial acts, the legal rights and obligations of the persons in respect of whom these acts were performed are sanctioned by the state, the documents are given official significance, which enables the specified persons to acquire a certain status and perform certain actions. The notarial process can also be characterized as an activity related to carrying out operations with legal norms, that is, it is a type of law enforcement activity, when the relevant state body or official must directly use legal norms to solve a specific legal case.
Adoption by same-sex couples: global trends, problems and prospects
Authors: Radchenko L. 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the problems and peculiarities of the regulation of adoption (adoption) relations by same-sex couples in the legislation and law enforcement practice of foreign countries, the characteristics of the conditions and restrictions on the adoption of children by such partnerships, the study of the normative principles of adoption in Ukraine, the practice and prospects for the application of this institution, the formulation conclusions and proposals for improving the national system of legal regulation of adoption relations, protection of children’s rights and interests.
The article notes that in Ukraine, as in many countries of the world, the institution of adoption of children by same-sex couples does not exist as such due to the provisions of public order, which provide for the possibility of concluding exclusively a traditional classical marriage between a man and a woman.
At the same time, in the national legislation of those states in which same-sex marriages / partnerships are recognized and equated in legal status with registered marriages, opportunities are gradually provided for the adoption and further education of children by same-sex couples. In such countries, registered partnerships provide for the care and education of children both as a result of their birth as a result of surrogate motherhood and as a result of adoption. Analyzed sociological and psychological studies prove that children raised in same-sex couples are generally less successful, have some problems with adaptation and social communication, but they receive more care and attention than they would receive in orphanages or other institutions. organizations of this type.
The legislation of Ukraine does not recognize consanguineous marriages and partnerships, accordingly, such families are deprived of the right to adopt children under national legislation. At the same time, taking into account the global trends in both the perception of same-sex marriages/partnerships and the granting of them the opportunity to adopt children, as well as the development in Ukraine of the draft Law on the Institute of Registered Partnerships No. 9103, we note the possibility of changes in the legislative approach in the regulation of these relationships.