bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of factors influencing carbon emissions of urban households: A case study of old urban community in northern China
Authors: Xu Yue , Wang Qingsong , Tian Shu , Li Yue , Yuan Xueliang , Ma Qiao , Liu Mengyue , Zhang Yujie , Yang Shuo , Xu Yuan , Yang Yue , Liu Chengqing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCO2 emissions reduction of urban residents is one of the main ways to mitigate climate change. Clarifying the key factors of carbon emissions can provide a reference basis for the government to formulate carbon reduction policies. The old urban community that widely exist in most cities in northern China is taken as the research object. Based on the fuzzy interpretive structural model and structural equation model, a new method is proposed to explore the influencing factors of household carbon emissions (HCEs). It is found that behavior change attitude and low‐carbon personal cognition are the two most important factors affecting HCE. Elderly families, high‐income families, and low‐education families are the groups with higher per capita HCE. Different suggestions were proposed to promote HCE reduction for the high‐income young tenants and low‐income elderly local residents in the community. In addition, by introducing multi‐agent judgment, the coupling model proposed in this study reduces the subjectivity caused by excessive reliance on single agent judgment in previous studies. It enhances the credibility of research conclusions and provides a good methodological reference for research in similar fields.
Water‐Triggered Self‐Healing of Ti3C2Tx MXene Standalone Electrodes: Systematic Examination of Factors Affecting the Healing Process
Authors: Choi Jun Sang , Meena Jagan Singh , Choi Su Bin , Jung Seung‐Boo , Kim Jong‐Woong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMXenes, with their remarkable attributes, stand at the forefront of diverse applications. However, the challenge remains in sustaining their performance, especially concerning Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes. Current self‐healing techniques, although promising, often rely heavily on adjacent organic materials. This study illuminates a pioneering water‐initiated self‐healing mechanism tailored specifically for standalone MXene electrodes. Here, both water and select organic solvents seamlessly mend impaired regions. Comprehensive evaluations around solvent types, thermal conditions, and substrate nuances underline water's unmatched healing efficacy, attributed to its innate ability to forge enduring hydrogen bonds with MXenes. Optimal healing environments range from ambient conditions to a modest 50 °C. Notably, on substrates rich in hydroxyl groups, the healing efficiency remains consistently high. The proposed healing mechanism encompasses hydrogen bonding formation, capillary action‐induced expansion of interlayer spacing, solvent lubrication, Gibbs free energy minimizing MXene nanosheet rearrangement, and solvent evaporation‐triggered MXene layer recombination. MXenes' resilience is further showcased by their electrical revival from profound damages, culminating in the crafting of Joule‐heated circuits and heaters.
The Zn Vacancy‐Mediated De‐Accumulation Based Process for Hydrogen Production Performance Promotion of 1D Zn─Cd─S Nanorods
Authors: Wang Shuang , Cheng Yuye , Huang Wenfei , Dou Minghao , Shao Hongyu , Yao Mengjie , Ding Kai , Ye Tongqi , Zhou Rulong , Li Shenjie , Chen Yanyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDue to their anisotropy, 1D semiconductor nanorod‐based materials have attracted much attention in the process of hydrogen production by solar energy. Nevertheless, the rational design of 1D heterojunction materials and the modulation of photo‐generated electron–hole transfer paths remain a challenge. Herein, a ZnxCd1‐xS@ZnS/MoS2 core–shell nanorod heterojunction is precisely constructed via in situ growth of discontinuous ZnS shell and MoS2 NCs on the Zn─Cd─S nanorods. Among them, the Zn vacancy in the ZnS shell builds the defect level, and the nanoroelded MoS2 builds the electron transport site. The optimized photocatalyst shows significant photocatalytic activity without Platinum as an auxiliary catalyst, mainly due to the new interfacial charge transfer channel constructed by the shell vacancy level, the vertical separation and the de‐accumulation process of photo‐generated electrons and photo‐generated holes. At the same time, spectral analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations fully prove that shortening difference of speed between the photogenerated electron and hole movement process is another key factor to enhance the photocatalytic performance. This study provides a new path for the kinetic design of enhanced carrier density by shortening the carrier retention time of 1D heterojunction photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic performance.
Photocrosslinked Co‐Assembled Amino Acid Nanoparticles for Controlled Chemo/Photothermal Combined Anticancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Qi Yun , Miyako Eijiro , Bianco Alberto , Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNanostructures formed from the self‐assembly of amino acids are promising materials in many fields, especially for biomedical applications. However, their low stability resulting from the weak noncovalent interactions between the amino acid building blocks limits their use. In this work, nanoparticles co‐assembled by fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐protected tyrosine (Fmoc‐Tyr‐OH) and tryptophan (Fmoc‐Trp‐OH) are crosslinked by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. Two methods are investigated to induce the dimerization of tyrosine, irradiating at 254 nm or at 365 nm in the presence of riboflavin as a photo‐initiator. For the crosslinking performed at 254 nm, both Fmoc‐Tyr‐OH and Fmoc‐Trp‐OH generate dimers. In contrast, only Fmoc‐Tyr‐OH participates in the riboflavin‐mediated dimerization under irradiation at 365 nm. The participation of both amino acids in forming the dimers leads to more stable crosslinked nanoparticles, allowing also to perform further chemical modifications for cancer applications. The anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) is adsorbed onto the crosslinked nanoparticles, subsequently coated by a tannic acid‐iron complex, endowing the nanoparticles with glutathione‐responsiveness and photothermal properties, allowing to control the release of Dox. A remarkable anticancer efficiency is obtained in vitro and in vivo in tumor‐bearing mice thanks to the combined chemo‐ and photothermal treatment.
Facile and Green Synthesis of Well‐Defined Nanocrystal Oxygen Evolution Catalysts by Rational Crystallization Regulation
Authors: Jiang Wulyu , Xia Lu , Ferreira Gomes Bruna , Haumann Michael , Dau Holger , Roth Christina , Lehnert Werner , Shviro Meital 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe development of catalysts for an economical and efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for clean and sustainable energy storage and conversion. Nickel–iron‐based (NiFe) nanostructures are widely investigated as active OER catalysts and especially shape‐controlled nanocrystals exhibit optimized surface structure and electronic properties. However, the structural control from amorphous to well‐defined crystals is usually time‐consuming and requires multiple stages. Here, a universal two‐step precipitation‐hydrothermal approach is reported to prepare a series of NiFe‐based nanocrystals (e.g., hydroxides, sulfides, and molybdates) from amorphous precipitates. Their morphology and evolution of atomic and electronic structure during this process are studied using conclusive microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The short‐term, additive‐free, and low‐cost method allows for the control of the crystallinity of the materials and facilitates the generation of nanosheets, nanorods, or nano‐octahedra with excellent water oxidation activity. The NiFe‐based crystalline catalysts exhibit slightly compromised initial activity but more robust long‐term stability than their amorphous counterparts during electrochemical operation. This facile, reliable, and universal synthesis method is promising in strategies for fabricating NiFe‐based nanostructures as efficient and economically valuable OER electrocatalysts.
Highly Efficient and Stable Mo‐CoP3@FeOOH Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Seawater Splitting
Authors: Zhao Depeng , Liu Xingyu , Zhang Wei‐chao , Wu Xiang , Cho Young‐Rae 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe introduction of high‐valence state elements and highly active species is promisingly desired to design superior electrocatalysts for water electrolysis. Exploring scalable synthetic strategies is necessary for an in‐depth understanding of the mechanism of improving electrocatalytic performance. But it remains challenging. Herein, several electrocatalysts through element doping are prepared. The obtained Mo‐CoP3‐2@FeOOH samples show the overpotentials (OER) of 232 mV (alkaline seawater) and 262 mV (KOH electrolyte). As HER catalyst, it also presents an excellent electrocatalytic performance. The above electrocatalysts are utilized as anode/cathode to assemble devices for alkaline seawater/water electrolysis, which delivers a cell voltage of 1.58 V and durability of 350 h. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Mo ion doping and FeOOH significantly enhance the density states of the Fermi level and tune the position of the d‐band center. It expedites the charge transfer and decreases the adsorption energy of intermediates. It demonstrates that transition‐metal phosphides coated with highly active FeOOH offer an effective route to fabricate high‐performance and durable catalysts for seawater/water electrolysis.
Multi‐scale structure engineering of covalent organic framework for electrochemical charge storage
Authors: Zhang Xiaofang , Li Fangling , Yang Shuangqiao , Song Baiqi , Luo Richu , Xiong Rui , Xu Weilin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are constructed by linking organic building blocks via dynamic covalent bonds, are newly emerged and burgeoning crystalline porous copolymers with features including programmable topological architecture, pre‐designable periodic skeleton, well‐defined micro‐/meso‐pore, large specific surface area, and customizable electroactive functionality. Those benefits make COFs as promising candidates for advanced electrochemical energy storage. Especially, for now, structure engineering of COFs from multi‐scale aspects has been conducted to enable optimal overall electrochemical performance in terms of structure durability, electrical conductivity, redox activity, and charge storage. In this review, we give a fundamental and insightful study on the correlations between multi‐scale structure engineering and eventual electrochemical properties of COFs, started with introducing their basic chemistries and charge storage principles. The careful discussion on the significant achievements in structure engineering of COFs from linkages, redox sites, polygon skeleton, crystal nanostructures, and composite microstructures, and further their effects on the electrochemical behavior of COFs are presented. Finally, the timely cutting‐edge perspectives and in‐depth insights into COF‐based electrode materials to rationally screen their electrochemical behaviors for addressing future challenges and implementing electrochemical energy storage applications are proposed.
The Margins of Academia or Challenging the Official Ideology
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter highlights two intellectuals, both “ethnic Turks,” who have challenged Turkey’s huge scientific machines. Their scholarship demolished the credibility of the official, extremely rigid, and radically nationalist “social sciences” as they are practiced, in the past and currently in Turkish universities and research centers. The impact of their work and their intellectual audacity gave birth to new intellectual traditions in Turkey and shook international Turcology and “Turkish studies,” which constitute an important branch of Middle Eastern Studies.İsmail Besṃikçi earned a PhD in Sociology and seemed poised to obtain a position in the Turkish academic establishment. Through a series of sociological-ethnographic volumes published at the turn of the 1970s, however, he chose to show the centrality of the Kurdish issue in the very fabric of modern Turkey. In the second half of the 1970s, after he was fired from his university and spent several years in prison, he directly attacked the Kemalist academic establishment. Besṃikçi insisted that Kemalist power, far from being the initiator of modernity in Turkey, preserved, if not reinforced, pre- or profoundly anti-modern institutions, such as tribal leadership and religious brotherhoods, at least in the Kurdish region.The second intellectual, Taner Akçam, one of the main figures of the radical left in Turkey of the 1970s, was obliged to flee the country. One of his largely unknown first books, published in 1992, was not on the Armenian issue, but on torture and cruelty in the national history. That same year, he also published a path-breaking book on the Armenian issue. Akçam had very few archival resources at his disposal, but he was able to see the deeper sense of what scholars shyly called the “Armenian question”: questioning “1915” meant questioning the very foundation of Turkey, as a state, but also as a country and a society, with all her components, including the Kurdish one, and all her political trends, including the liberal and left-wing ones. Scholars working on contemporary Tukey had to establish the facts, describe what happened in 1915 by taking their distance from official history-writing, and, more importantly, understand how such an act could take place and how such a massive taboo on the genocide could have been institutionalized.
Cohabitating in Captivity: Vartouhie Calantar Nalbandian (Zarevand) at the Women’s Section of Istanbul’s Central Prison (1915–1918)
Authors: Ekmekçioğlu Lerna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVartouhie Calantar Nalbandian (1893–1978), the only Armenian woman known to have been arrested by the Ottoman Turkish authorities in Istanbul in the spring of 1915, was born in Bursa to a Russian Armenian father and an Ottoman Armenian mother. One of the first generation of Armenian girls who received a European university education, Vartouhie sent letters home from Lausanne that would change the course of her life. In 1915, the Ottoman police raided the family home as Tavit Kalantar had been a high-level educator in Armenian schools. They found Vartouhie’s letters to her parents and her father’s papers, which they claimed included incriminating evidence. In August 1915, a military tribunal convicted Vartouhie and her father of propagating Armenian separatist ideology. They served two-and-a-half years in Constantinople’s Central Prison and, thanks to their Russian citizenship, were released after the Bolsheviks signed the Brest-Litovsk Treaty with the Central Powers, requiring “prisoners of war” to be freed.Vartouhie published her prison memoirs in 16 installments in the feminist journal Hay Gin (Armenian Woman), the first prison memoir by a woman in the Middle East and one of the very few for the Ottoman Empire. In 1921, Vartouhie emigrated to the US, where she married Zaven Nalbandian, a high-level Armenian Revolutionary Federation member who participated in Operation Nemesis. In 1926, they published an important book in Armenian on the pan-Turkic movement under the penname Zarevand. In 1971, the newly minted sociology professor Vahakn Dadrian translated their book into English as United and Independent Turania: Aims and Designs of the Turks. Their historical and political analysis, the first study of the Armenian Genocide in the United States, argues that Turkish irredentism had been a real threat for Armenians who stood in the way of the unification of Turkic peoples under one state. This chapter writes a hitherto unknown feminist and historian into Armenian, Turkish, and Ottoman historiographies as well as genocide and prison studies.
Contestation of Civil Society Elites: Targets, Sources, and Depths in Four National Contexts
Authors: Kalm Sara , Meeuwisse Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCivil society is currently marked by two major trends—one is the shrinking civic space, as civil society actors are increasingly met with ideological resistance, and the other is marketisation as New Public Management principles are introduced in civil society governance. This chapter explores how civil society leaders experience these macro-level trends through forms of contestation, which is a perspective that has so far been overlooked in research. The theoretical framework distinguishes between the target, the source, and the depth of the contestation. The empirical investigation is based on a new survey of civil society elites and compares leaders in Italy, Poland, Sweden, and the UK. Overall, the investigation finds less contestation than expected. Contestation of the leaders as individuals comes mostly from within their organisations and is more professional than ideological. More and deeper contestation is instead directed at the organisations, and its precise forms reflect the different civil society regimes that our four countries represent.
Michels, Mills and Civil Society Elites: Concluding Reflections and Avenues for Future Research
Authors: Johansson Håkan , Meeuwisse Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this concluding chapter, we analyse the volume’s main findings and the paradoxical meaning of the concept of civil society elites using a classic debate in elite research, namely the difference between the ‘oligarchic elites’ identified by Michels and Mills’ theory of a ‘power elite’. We make use of these theories to distinguish between the elites of civil society (‘oligarchic elites’) and the elites in civil society (‘power elites’) and to analyse the composition, reproduction, integration, and contestation of civil society elites in different national contexts. The contributions to this volume demonstrate the significance of both a Michelsian and a Millsian approach to the exploration of civil society elites, although the results challenge some of the assumptions in these elite theories. Finally, we propose some themes for further research in order to achieve a deeper understanding of civil society elites.
The Orbit: Introduction to “CrossRoads”. Multidisciplinary Versus Solo Approach in Complex Cases
Authors: Mourits Maarten P. , Gooris Peter J. J. , Bergsma J. Eelco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of established medical disciplines, “sub”-specializations have made their entrance during the past decades. The subspecialists, as they see more patients of the same kind, have a more focused skill set and deeper knowledge which has led to better patient care. On the other hand, they may lose general knowledge of their specialty and no longer be able to practice full scope. To preserve the advantages of subspecialization and still be able to maintain an overall, “holistic” view on the patient, “cooperation” is essential.
Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation, Workup and Decision-Making of Orbital Fractures
Authors: Jansen Jesper , Maal Thomas J. J. , Sabelis Juliana F. , Schreurs Ruud , Dubois Leander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractManagement of orbital fractures has been a topic of controversy for the last 50 years. There is consensus on acute indications for orbital reconstruction and the need for surgery in large fractures with severe functional symptoms or early enophthalmos. Small fractures without complaints will generally be treated without surgery. There is a large grey area between these more obvious cases with no clear consensus about the indication and timing of treatment. It is difficult to predict which of the symptoms (diplopia and limited motility) will resolve spontaneously, and no clear predictors for the development of enophthalmos exist. This chapter describes the relevance of clinical symptoms and considerations for conservative or surgical treatment, based on the latest scientific evidence. A well-designed and generally accepted clinical protocol for orbital fractures ensures a uniform treatment approach, cooperation between different specialities, and adequate outcome evaluation. This facilitates the clinical decision-making and optimisation of the treatment.
New Kids on the Block: The Rise of NGO Mediators in Peace Mediation
Authors: Palmiano Federer Julia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I describe the emergence of NGO mediators in peace mediation. To avoid confusion regarding the unit of analysis, I focus on the normative frameworks and normative socializations of NGO mediators primarily as institutions, and not individuals. While the normative agency of NGOs as institutions and individuals may be closely interlinked, assessing the normative agency of individuals employed by NGOs require psychological and sociological methodologies that fall beyond the scope of this bookI view NGO mediators as private actors who take on discreet or public mediative or facilitative functions or activities among and between the negotiating parties in a peace process (Palmiano Federer, Rethinking Peace Mediation: Challenges of Contemporary Peacemaking Practice. Bristol University Press, 2021) The unit of analysis I focus on are international NGOs (INGOs) rather than local or national peacemaking organizations. While NGO mediators are seen to have little political power, they wield distinct characteristics such as moral authority, informality and the ability to partner within their institutional structure. These characteristics imbue them with an alternative type of legitimacy that lends to certain comparative advantages vis-à-vis other types of mediators. I also suggest that there are three types of NGO mediators, the “local-insider,” the “regional-outsider” and the “international modular.” All of these aspects contribute to NGO mediators’ “normative socializations” (Hellmüller et al. 2015), which are the highly subjective way that a mediation actor interprets a norm, based on their own personal view, which in turn affects their ability to promote norms to negotiating parties in peace processes.
Application of LAND-SUITE for Landslide Susceptibility Modelling Using Different Mapping Units: A Case Study in Croatia
Authors: Bernat Gazibara Sanja , Sinčić Marko , Rossi Mauro , Reichenbach Paola , Krkač Martin , Lukačić Hrvoje , Jagodnik Petra , Šarić Gabrijela , Mihalić Arbanas Snježana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLAND-SUITE software was applied to local-scale landslide susceptibility zonation in a study area (20 km2) located in NW Croatia, which is characterised by small and shallow landslides in engineering soils and hard soils-soft rocks. Landslide susceptibility models were prepared using a LiDAR-based landslide inventory, and causal factors derived and/or modified using high-resolution remote sensing data. The landslide susceptibility analysis was carried out using different statistical methods and mapping units. As a result, we obtained ten susceptibility maps, classified into five zones based on modelled landslide probability. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the use of LAND-SUITE for deriving susceptibility zonations, useful to support applications in a spatial planning system on a local scale. One of the most valuable advantage of LAND-SUITE is that the selection of the appropriate causal factor maps can be performed using simple decisions based on multiple analyses, including multicollinearity tables and correlograms. The evaluation of the susceptibility models allowed to conclude that the pixel-based map represents the best option for application in a local-level spatial planning system, although it requires “post-processing” of the susceptibility zones to produce clustered and homogeneous information. LAND-SUITE has proven to be a valuable tool for testing numerous landslide susceptibility hypotheses.