bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Italian and American Adolescents
Authors: LeBourgeois Monique K. , Giannotti Flavia , Cortesi Flavia , Wolfson Amy R. , Harsh John 
Published: January 2005

Objective. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene in Italian and American adolescents and to assess whether sleep-hygiene practices mediate the relationship between culture and sleep quality.
Methods. Two nonprobability samples were collected from public schools in Rome, Italy, and Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Students completed the following self-report measures: Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale, Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale, Pubertal Developmental Scale, and Morningness/Eveningness Scale.
Results. The final sample included 776 Italian and 572 American adolescents 12 to 17 years old. Italian adolescents reported much better sleep hygiene and substantially better sleep quality than American adolescents. A moderate-to-strong linear relationship was found between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in both samples. Separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed on both samples. Demographic and individual characteristics explained a significant proportion of the variance in sleep quality (Italians: 18%; Americans: 25%), and the addition of sleep-hygiene domains explained significantly more variance in sleep quality (Italians: 17%; Americans: 16%). A final hierarchical multiple regression analysis with both samples combined showed that culture (Italy versus United States) only explained 0.8% of the variance in sleep quality after controlling for sleep hygiene and all other variables.
Conclusions. Cross-cultural differences in sleep quality, for the most part, were due to differences in sleep-hygiene practices. Sleep hygiene is an important predictor of sleep quality in Italian and American adolescents, thus supporting the implementation and evaluation of educational programs on good sleep-hygiene practices.
Brief Report: An Epidemiologic Survey of the Prevalence of Sleep Disorders Among Children 2 to 12 Years Old in Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Xicheng , Ma Yuyan , Wang Yizhuo , Jiang Qinbo , Rao Xiaochun , Lu Xiuying , Teng Honghong 
Published: January 2005

Objective. This survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of sleep disorders in 2- to 12-year-old children in the Beijing area of China.
Methods. From October 2001 to June 2002, 5979 children 2 to 12 years old in 6 randomly selected counties in Beijing were investigated with questionnaires.
Results. The average total sleep time per day ranged from 11.38 hours among 2-year-olds down to 9.34 hours among 12-year-olds. The overall prevalence of sleep disorders was 21.2% and included parasomnia symptoms (bruxism [6.5%], sleep talking [4.9%], enuresis [1.0%], sleepwalking [0.6%], restless sleep [5.0%], and leg movements [1.9%]) and symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (frequent snoring [5.6%], mouth breathing [4.1%], choking/gasping [0.9%], and breathing pauses [0.2%]).
Conclusion. The overall prevalence of parent-reported symptoms of sleep disorders in a large sample of children in Beijing, China, was comparable to that reported in other countries, although the prevalence of some specific symptoms differed somewhat.
Enforced Expression of PU.1 Rescues Osteoclastogenesis from Embryonic Stem Cells Lacking Tal-1
Authors: Tsuneto Motokazu , Tominaga Akira , Yamazaki Hidetoshi , Yoshino Miya , Orkin Stuart H. , Hayashi Shin-Ichi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Transcription factor T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1 (Tal-1) is essential for the specification of hematopoietic development. Mice lacking Tal1 fail to generate any hematopoietic precursors. Using our co-culture system with stromal cells, we demonstrate that enforced expression of the transcription factor PU.1 under tetracycline control in Tal1-null embryonic stem (ES) cells rescues the development of osteoclasts and macrophage–like phagocytes. It was low efficiency compared with wild–type ES cells; other hematopoietic lineage cells of granulocytes, B cells, mast cells, megakaryocytes, and erythroid cells were not generated. Osteoclasts developed in this culture were multinucleated and competent for bone resorption. Their development depended on macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand. The majority of cells with the potential to differentiate into osteoclasts expressed fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1) and could be isolated using anti–Flk-1 antibody. These results suggest that the expression of PU.1 is a critical event for osteoclastogenesis and that Tal-1 may lie upstream of PU.1 in a regulatory hierarchy during osteoclastogenesis.
Emerging Role of Rexinoids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Focus on Bexarotene
Authors: Rigas James R. , Dragnev Konstantin H. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Explain the role of retinoids in cell division, growth, differentiation, and proliferation. Discuss the phase I, II, and III data using rexinoids to extend survival in NSCLC patients. Describe the expected toxicity profile of retinoids and rexinoids.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Although the introduction of third-generation antineoplastic agents in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer has led to modest improvements in overall patient survival, lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and improved therapies are needed. Retinoids play a critical role in the regulation of cell division, growth, differentiation, and proliferation, and they represent an exciting new avenue for targeted therapy. Several synthetic retinoids that bind to retinoic acid receptors are currently being investigated in a variety of tumor types. However, many of these agents have been associated with cheilitis, skin reactions, severe headache, and hypertriglyceridemia. Synthetic agents that bind specifically to retinoid X receptors are called rexinoids. Bexarotene (Targretin®; Ligand Pharmaceuticals; San Diego, CA; http://www.ligand.com) is a novel, multitargeted synthetic rexinoid that is currently being investigated in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Phase I and II studies have demonstrated that bexarotene is safe and well tolerated in this patient population either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Patients treated with bexarotene experience manageable adverse events at reduced levels compared with retinoic acid receptor-specific retinoids. Bexarotene in combination with chemotherapeutic agents has demonstrated an encouraging median survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer compared with historical results with combination chemotherapy alone. Two phase III trials are currently under way to fully characterize the role of bexarotene in the treatment of this disease. The purpose of this review is to explore the rationale for rexinoids in the treatment of malignancies and to discuss the clinical profile of bexarotene in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Recommendations for Zoledronic Acid Treatment of Patients with Bone Metastases
Authors: Berenson James R. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Describe new indications for the use of i.v. bisphosphonates in patients with metastatic bone disease. Explain the importance of infusion time on potential adverse renal events from bisphosphonates. List the types of adverse events that are associated with i.v. bisphosphonate therapy.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The introduction of zoledronic acid, a new-generation bisphosphonate, has greatly extended the use of bisphosphonates in the treatment of patients with bone metastases. On the basis of results from three large, randomized, phase III clinical trials enrolling more than 3,000 patients, zoledronic acid (4 mg via 15-minute infusion) was approved in the United States for the treatment of patients with documented bone metastases from solid tumors in conjunction with standard antineoplastic therapy and patients with multiple myeloma. Zoledronic acid is also approved in Europe for the prevention of skeletal-related events in patients with advanced malignancies involving bone. Current treatment guidelines published by the American Society of Clinical Oncology recommend the use of intravenous bisphosphonates at first radiographic evidence of osteopenia in patients with multiple myeloma or osteolytic bone lesions in patients with breast cancer to significantly reduce the occurrence and delay the onset of skeletal complications. Zoledronic acid has also demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer, lung cancer, and other solid tumors. Bisphosphonate therapy is generally well tolerated but can be associated with increases in serum creatinine. Therefore, monitoring renal function is required for all patients receiving bisphosphonate therapy. Serum creatinine should be monitored before each dose and treatment withheld until any serum creatinine elevations have resolved to baseline levels. Caution should be exercised when treating patients who are receiving other potentially nephrotoxic therapies. With these simple precautions, intravenous bisphosphonate therapy is safe for long-term use and provides durable treatment benefits.
The Molecular Perspective: Major Histocompatibility Complex
Authors: Goodsell David S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to:
Describe the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in viral infection and cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Marinesco–Sjögren syndrome in a male with mild dysmorphism
Authors: Slavotinek Anne , Goldman Jill , Weisiger Kara , Kostiner Dana , Golabi Mahin , Packman Seymour , Wilcox William , Hoyme H. Eugene , Sherr Elliott 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMarinesco–Sjögren syndrome (MSS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder comprising cataracts, cerebellar ataxia caused by cerebellar hypoplasia, mild to moderate mental retardation, neuromuscular weakness, short stature, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, and skeletal anomalies. The syndrome was recently mapped to chromosome 5q31, but there is evidence for genetic heterogeneity, and no gene has been identified. We report a 5‐year‐old male with cataracts, ataxia, a progressive cerebellar atrophy, developmental delay, seizures, hypotonia, and a sensorimotor neuropathy consistent with many cases of MSS. He also had mild craniofacial dysmorphism consisting of hypertrichosis and synophrys, deep‐set eyes with epicanthic folds, a flat philtrum, a high palate, short thumbs, and a wide sandal gap between the first and second toes. Skeletal findings included an increased kyphosis. We reviewed the literature on MSS to determine if craniofacial dysmorphism and the presence of neuropathy and/or myopathy would prove to be diagnostically useful in this phenotypically heterogeneous condition. The majority of cases of MSS do not have craniofacial dysmorphism, but other cases have been reported with features such as ptosis or a myopathic facies that are likely to reflect the underlying myopathic or neuromuscular processes in MSS. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BRCA1/2 testing in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer families II: Impact on relationships
Authors: McInerney‐Leo Aideen , Biesecker Barbara Bowles , Hadley Donald W. , Kase Ronald G. , Giambarresi Therese R. , Johnson Elizabeth , Lerman Caryn , Struewing Jeffery P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMembers of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) families often express concern during genetic counseling about the impact of BRCA1/2 testing on close relatives. Yet whether there are likely to be adverse effects of either the decision to undergo genetic testing or the results of testing on family relationships is unknown. One purpose of this study was to assess the impact on close family relationships. Within a randomized trial of breast cancer genetic counseling methods, members of 13 HBOC families were offered BRCA1/2 testing for a known family mutation. The Family Relationship Index (FRI) of the Family Environment Scale (FES) was used to measure perceived family cohesion, conflict, and expressiveness at baseline and again 6–9 months following the receipt of test results, or at the equivalent time for those who declined testing. Participants (n = 212) completed baseline and follow‐up questionnaires. Comparisons were made between testers and non‐testers as well as between those who tested positive and negative for the family mutation. One hundred eighty‐one participants elected to undergo genetic testing (85%) and 47 (26%) were identified to have a mutation. After adjusting for baseline family relationship scores, counseling intervention, gender and marital status, non‐testers reported a greater increase in expressiveness (P = 0.006) and cohesion (P = 0.04) than testers. Individuals who tested positive reported a decrease in expressiveness (P = 0.07), although as a trend. Regardless of test decision or test result, those who were randomized to a client‐centered counseling intervention reported a decrease in conflict (P = 0.006). Overall, study results suggest that undergoing genetic testing and learning ones BRCA1/2 status may affect family relationships. Those individuals who declined testing reported feeling closer to family members and more encouraged to express emotions to other family members demonstrating potential benefit from the offer of testing. Since those who tested positive reported feeling less encouraged to express their emotions within the family, we recommend helping clients to identify others with whom they feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings about their positive gene status and increased cancer risk. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitation of motion perception in the digits: A psychophysical study in normal human subjects
Authors: Emre Kokmen , Robert W. Bossemeyer , William J. Williams 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThreshold perception of motion of the digits was obtained in 14 normal subjects. The metacarpophalangeal joint of the index and the fifth finger of each hand and the metatarsophalangeal joint of the hallux of each foot were passively moved up and down with respect to a horizontal plane defined by the palmar or plantar surface. The motion was sinusoidal at frequencies of 0.5 and 5.0 Hz. A modified von Békésy paradigm similar to that used in audiometry was utilized to yield threshold levels of motion sensation. There was little difference in the thresholds obtained for the different joints. The difference between high‐ and low‐frequency stimulation, however, was significant (p 0.001): the 0.5 Hz threshold was found to range from 0.8 to 1.0 degree, whereas the 5.0 Hz threshold varied from 0.4 to 0.6 degree. It is thought that motion sense is largely dependent on joint receptor contributions, but muscle and cutaneous receptors may also contribute to this proprioceptive sensation.
A divided mind: Observations on the conscious properties of the separated hemispheres
Authors: Ledoux Joseph E. , Wilson Donald H. , Gazzaniga Michael S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEach cerebral hemisphere in Patient P.S., a callosum‐sectioned patient, appears to possess mental properties deserving of conscious status. The observations seem to answer many questions concerning the issue of whether the mechanisms of consciousness can be split and doubled by split‐brain surgery. As P. S. is the first split‐brain patient clearly to possess double conscious processes as well as the first with extensive bilateral linguistic skills, the observations suggest that the special nature of human conscious experience is closely tied to linguistic processes.
Multiple sclerosis: Diagnostic usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Johnson Kenneth P. , Nelson Barbara J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEarly, atypical, or progressive cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be hard to diagnose. Until recently, assays of the most common abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid were not available in clinical diagnostic laboratories, but now they can be done with relative ease and adequate standardization. With the newer techniques the CSF is abnormal in more than 90% of clinically definite cases of MS, and determination of such changes can be a major aid in diagnosis.The most common CSF abnormalities are discussed: elevation of immunoglobulin G (IgG), expressed as percentage of total protein; elevation of the IgG/albumin index; and presence of oligoclonal IgG bands. Not only does assessment of these CSF proteins provide an improved aid to diagnosis, but their study may furnish important clues to the cause and pathogenesis of MS as well.
Some features of the neuromuscular complications of pulmonary carcinoma
Authors: Teräväinen Heikki , Larsen Andreo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPeripheral nerve, muscle, and synaptic physiology in 33 patients with pulmonary carcinoma was studied by means of clinical neurological examination in all and conduction velocity measurements of motor and sensory nerves in 19. Histological and histochemical examination of biopsied intercostal muscle and study of the physiology of the motor end‐plate using intracellular microelectrodes were also performed in some. The observations were compared with those in a group of 9 patients with noncarcinomatous lung disease.Polyneuropathy was more frequent in patients with carcinoma of the lung than without. Histological examination of muscle revealed only slight structural changes, not different from those in patients without carcinoma. Resting membrane potentials were similar in the two groups. The mean frequency of miniature end‐plate potentials (mepps) in bathing solution containing 5 mM K+ was higher in 13 patients with pulmonary carcinoma than in 5 noncarcinomatous patients. Mean mepp amplitudes were similar. Muscles from patients with pulmonary carcinoma had a diminished ability to increase transmitter release in presynaptic depolarization performed with bathing solution containing 20 mM K+. The quantum content calculated was less in 1 carcinoma patient than in 2 patients without carcinoma.
A case of Schwartz‐Jampel syndrome with unusual muscle biopsy findings
Authors: Fariello Ruggero , Meloff Keith , Murphy E. Gordon , Reilly Bernard J. , Armstrong Dawna 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA case of Schwartz‐Jampel syndrome with electrical, radiographic, biopsy, and pharmacological studies is presented along with a summary of the 12 other reported cases. Radiological study showed nonspecific but definite abnormalities. The muscle biopsy revealed myopathic and neurogenic features. No drug was effective in reducing our patient's stiffness.
Metabolic response to hypertonic glucose administration in Reye syndrome
Authors: Haymond Morey W. , Karl Irene E. , Keating James P. , Devivo Darryl C. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBlood substrate and hormone concentrations were determined in 16 children with Reye syndrome prior to and following administration of hypertonic glucose. Baseline concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, alanine, glutamine, glutamate, proline, hydroxyproline, lysine, and aspartate were elevated (p < 0.01), whereas citrulline and arginine were low. All substrate concentrations were below or within the normal range following 36 hours of therapy except those of lactate, pyruvate, and aspartate. Urea nitrogen excretion was reduced (p < 0.05) on the second day of therapy. Plasma concentrations of insulin and growth hormone increased and glucagon decreased during the first day. Cortisol remained elevated throughout the study period.We conclude that the high circulating concentrations of substrates are the result of both increased mobilization and decreased clearance and that hypertonic glucose infusion suppresses substrate mobilization. A primary abnormality of the mitochondria could explain the metabolic perturbations that occurred. A possible relationship between the encephalopathy in this disorder and an insult to both brain and brain capillary mitochondria is discussed.
Electron microscopic observations on the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptide
Authors: Ishikawa Saburo , Kurita Toshio 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA study of the super helical structure of synthetic polypeptides, such as poly‐γ‐benzyl‐D (or L)‐glutamate (PBDG or PBLG) was carried out. The PEG was dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF). The solution was either allowed to remain at room temperature for a long time or poured into some fatty acid, such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or caprylic acid. Whether the polymer precipitated slowly or rapidly depended upon the aging of the solution or the nature of the acid used. The precipitated gels revealed the coiled coil fibrils, but the feature and degree of coiling varied, depending upon the length of aging or the nature of the acid used for precipitation. After a short aging of the solution, there was no helical structure in the gels. After long aging, very fine‐coiled coil macrofibrils or small spindle‐like fibrils were obtained. The macrofibrils consisted of the spindle‐like fibrils which in turn consisted of microfibrils (diam. 60–70A.). When using the fatty acid precipitation very fine to medium fine super helices were obtained. Extremely fine super helices were obtained in propionic acid. In these gels the PBG chains have an α‐helical conformation. When PMLG–DCA solution was stored for a long time, another type of precipitation was obtained, one giving evidence of so‐called cross‐β crystallization and no coiled coil fibrils. The precipitation of cross‐β fibrils was obtained when the concentration of the solution was above 8%.
Polymerization of DL‐β‐phenylalanine N‐carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide
Authors: Ballard D. G. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe polymerization of DL‐β‐Phenylalanine N‐carboxy anhydride adsorbed on polysarcosine dimethylamide has been studied further. This unusual reaction, which is analogous kinetically to reactions catalyzed by enzymes, was called the “chain‐effect.” For polymerization of N‐carboxy anhydrides by this mechanism it is necessary that the initiating polymer should possess an adsorption site and a terminal base group. The effect is shown to occur with simple compounds such as amino acid dimethylamides but not with poly‐L‐proline due to the inability of this polymer to adsorb the anhydride. From a study of the reaction of block copolymers of L‐proline and sarcosine with DL‐β‐phenylalanine it is concluded that the relative positions of the adsorption site and terminal base group do not greatly influence the reaction rate, but the accessibility of the adsorption sites is an important factor determining the reactivity of polysarcosine dimethylamides of various degrees of polymerization (n). At high values of n the polymer exists in a coiled form and only those sites close to the terminal base group participate in the reaction. Initial rate studies give a detailed description of the early stage of the chain‐effect polymerization. With these data and by use of analog computer techniques the complete reaction has been studied. It is concluded that the poly‐DL‐β‐phenylalanine block produced is not permanently attached to the polysarcosine chain by hydrogen bonds during its formation but that an equilibrium exists between the polysarcosine and the poly‐DL‐phenylalanine blocks.