bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil Clínico y Epidemiológico de Pacientes Pediátricos Diagnosticados con Influenza A H1 N1, Junio - Agosto 2009, Lima - Perú
Authors: Rojas Galarza Raúl , Padilla Ygreda Justo , Lindo Pérez Felipe , Tantaleán Da Fieno José 
Published: November 2023

Objetivos: Describir el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de los pacientes atendidos por Influenza A H1 N1 en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, 2009.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se revisó los registros de la Oficina de Epidemiología y se contrastó con las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño por Influenza A H1N1, de junio a agosto del 2009.
Resultados: Se registraron 436 casos. 82%, fueron ambulatorios. El género masculino (55%), el grupo etario de 5 a 15 años (más del 40%) y los mayores de 5 años (70%) fueron los más afectados. Del total hisopados faríngeos realizados (147), (33% de los casos) 67% fueron positivos y la tos fue el signo más frecuente (90%). Entre los niños hospitalizados (73) Asma, Epilepsia, Cardiopatía Congénita y Síndrome de Obstrucción Bronquial (30%) fueron las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes; en el 30%, se registró la vacuna contra el neumococo y en el 53%, un tiempo de enfermedad de 3 a 7 días. El 27% de los hospitalizados presentó leucopenia, cerca del 75% recibió tratamiento antiviral (Oseltamivir) y el resultado del hisopado faríngeo demoró de 3 a 5 días en el 55%. Fallecieron el 10% de los pacientes con hisopado faríngeo positivo.
Conclusiones: La comorbilidad, sexo masculino y edad entre 5 a 15 años se presentaron en gran porcentaje de los pacientes. La tasa de mortalidad para este grupo estudiado fue del 13%. La vacunación contra el neumococo fue baja en estos pacientes.
Utilidad de la Escala Observacional de Yale como Método de Triaje para Detectar Enfermedad Grave en Lactantes Febriles
Authors: Ochoa Allemant Pedro , Obregón Julca Evelyn , Nuñez del Prado Zora Carbajal Fiorella , Ojeda Nieto María Cristina , Anaya Pajuelo Marcial 
Published: November 2023

Objetivos: Evaluar la utilidad de la Escala Observacional de Yale (YOS) como método triaje para detectar enfermedad grave en lactantes febriles.
Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, prospectivo de corte longitudinal donde se aplicó la YOS a los pacientes febriles de 3 a 24 meses que acudieron a la Emergencia Pediátrica del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza del 13 de abril al 6 de junio del 2012 antes de la atención médica. Los pacientes hospitalizados fueron seguidos hasta el alta y la confirmación del diagnóstico. Los ambulatorios fueron seguidos vía telefónica por un máximo de 5 días para observar su evolución.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 61 pacientes de los cuales 30 (49%) presentaban aspecto sano, 21 (35%) aspecto enfermo y 10 (16%) aspecto muy enfermo. Solo 10 desarrollaron enfermedad grave, 9 (90%) de ellos presentaron un puntaje ≥16. La media del puntaje de YOS para enfermedad grave es de 17, significativamente mayor (p= 0,007) respecto a los que no la desarrollaron. Para un punto de corte de 10, se encontró una sensibilidad del 100%, especificidad del 59%, VPP del 32%, VPN del 100%, LR+ de 2,43 y LR- de 0. Para 16 puntos, se encontró una sensibilidad del 90%, especificidad del 98%, VPP del 90%, VPN del 98%, LR+ de 45,9 y LR- de 0,1. El área bajo la curva fue de 0,982.
Conclusiones: El presente estudio demostró el potencial uso de la Escala Observacional de Yale como método de triaje para detectar enfermedad grave en lactantes febriles de 3 a 24 meses debido a que es simple, reproducible, costo-efectiva y altamente sensible.
Temporal bright light at low frequency retards lens-induced myopia in guinea pigs
Authors: Deng Baodi , Li Wentao , Chen Ziping , Zeng Junwen , Zhao Feng 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Bright light conditions are supposed to curb eye growth in animals with experimental myopia. Here we investigated the effects of temporal bright light at very low frequencies exposures on lens-induced myopia (LIM) progression.

Methods
Myopia was induced by application of −6.00 D lenses over the right eye of guinea pigs. They were randomly divided into four groups based on exposure to different lighting conditions: constant low illumination (CLI; 300 lux), constant high illumination (CHI; 8,000 lux), very low frequency light (vLFL; 300/8,000 lux, 10 min/c), and low frequency light (LFL; 300/8,000 lux, 20 s/c). Refraction and ocular dimensions were measured per week. Changes in ocular dimensions and refractions were analyzed by paired t-tests, and differences among the groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.

Results
Significant myopic shifts in refractive error were induced in lens-treated eyes compared with contralateral eyes in all groups after 3 weeks (all P < 0.05). Both CHI and LFL conditions exhibited a significantly less refractive shift of LIM eyes than CLI and vLFL conditions (P < 0.05). However, only LFL conditions showed significantly less overall myopic shift and axial elongation than CLI and vLFL conditions (both P < 0.05). The decrease in refractive error of both eyes correlated significantly with axial elongation in all groups (P < 0.001), except contralateral eyes in the CHI group (P = 0.231). LFL condition significantly slacked lens thickening in the contralateral eyes.

Conclusions
Temporal bright light at low temporal frequency (0.05 Hz) appears to effectively inhibit LIM progression. Further research is needed to determine the safety and the potential mechanism of temporal bright light in myopic progression.
Sustainable Strategies in Business Area Courses at UNIFAAT University Centre, Atibaia, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Hoefel João Luiz de Moraes , Machado Micheli Kowalczuk , Hamasuna Marcio Hiro , Vernalha Estevão Brasil Ruas 
Published: November 2023

Aims: This paper presents and analyses actions related to Sustainability and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), present in Business Area Courses, taken by UNIFAAT – University Centre, located in Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil. This work also addresses the view of students on sustainability and their interest and involvement with these actions.
Study Design: Sustainability topics were gradually incorporated in different disciplines, themes of Completion of Course Works, Scientific Research, in a Research Centre in Sustainability and Culture, and in sustainable policies, implemented in the campus such as waste and water resources management and energy consumption and they are analysed in this paper.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was realized at UNIFAAT – University Center between June 2021 to July 2023.
Methodology: The methodology adopted for the development of this work is characterized as quali and quantitative and involves bibliographical and documentary research, an analysis of actions implemented by UNIFAAT in the area of sustainability, and a survey through a self-administered questionnaire used as a technique for collecting information on sustainable strategies knowledge from UNIFAAT business courses students. A total of 426 questionnaires were applied.
Results: From the data, projects, and actions analysed, it was possible to observe an expansion in the sustainable approach in business area courses.
Conclusion: The results are related to the efforts of higher education institutions to make it possible to achieve the SDGs, in a perspective that goes beyond governance at the internal level, collaborating as an important source of knowledge and to sustainable strategies in an inclusive way and beyond the campus.
Knowledge and Practice of Basic Life Support among Health Workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Gyaase Philip , Acheampong Emmanuel Boateng , Adu-Gyamfi Isaiah , Armah Bridget , Amewolah Gifty Delali , Adueming Emmanuel Osei-Wusu 
Published: November 2023

Background: The medical procedure known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save a person's life after a heart attack. Additionally, it is done to manually preserve full brain function while additional measures are taken to recover spontaneous breathing and normal unprompted blood circulation in cardiac arrest.
Methods: The study's goal was to assess the knowledge and practice of basic life support among health workers in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality, Central Region of Ghana. The study used cross-sectional design. The study respondents were chosen using a simple random sampling method which included 322 nurses, doctors, physician assistants and midwives working in the Municipality. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS version 25 and summarized using frequencies and percentages. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to examine associations at a 5% significance level. Results: The study found that while all health care workers had heard about BLS, they only had an average of 68.9 percent understanding of basic life support and just 16.5 percent had practiced CPR before. Also, there was significant association between sociodemographic characteristics (sex, grade, educational level, department and work experience) of the health workers and the practice of basic life support (p-value=<0.001).
Conclusion: The study concludes that if health workers are given more training and support, the knowledge and practice of basic life support would be increased in the Upper Denkyira East Municipality.
Nurses’ Experience of Self-Management Support for Hospitalised Cardiac Patients: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Alsolamy Salwa 
Published: November 2023

Aim: This study explores nurses' experiences supporting hospitalized cardiac patients' self-management practices and associated factors that enhance the implemention of these practices.
Background: There has been less effort given toward activating the role of self-management in the early stages of hospitalized patients’ post-cardiac events. Knowing that nurses’ experience of supporting self-management practice and the factors that empower the application of self-management practice in hospitalized patients’ post-cardiac events are not well defined, exploring nurses’ experiences in the application of a self-management approach for cardiac patients and the relevant factors will identify areas for potential improvement in supporting self-management practice as part of nursing care.
Methods: A qualitative research design was adopted using in-depth interviews with eight registered nurses in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia who worked with hospitalized post-cardiac events were conducted. Registered nurses’ participation in this study was voluntary and approached through obtaining their contact information from the nursing offices in the selected hospitals.
Results: The defined themes in this study were directed by the concepts of Orem’s Theory, and four major sub-themes emerged from this study: initiation of self-management practices, self-management system, components of self-management for cardiac patients, and nursing practice issues.
Conclusion: Initiating self-management practices at early stages for hospitalized cardiac patients’ post-cardiac events ensured achieving better control and sustained practice. Before establishing any plan, certain factors need to be considered, including patient-related factors, healthcare system, and nursing-related factors. Self-management practice for cardiac patients requires the support of multi-disciplinary teams and a well-integrated system. Nursing roles need to be defined and empowered in the healthcare system to be able to support self-management practices for hospitalized cardiac patients.
Antimalarial Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Ocimum gratissimum, and Their Histologic Effects on Some Organs (Liver, Kidney and Heart) of Plasmodium berghei Infected Albino Mice
Authors: C. C. Anyasodor, , A. E. Onyido, , E. O. Ogbuefi, , A. E. Anyasodor, 
Published: November 2023

Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Ociumum gratissimum (clove Basil) have long been employed locally for the management of malaria. The present study compared antimalaria activities of the ethanolic leaf extracts of the individual plants, and assessed their combined effects on some organs of malaria-infected mice, at the Parasitology and Histopathology units, Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Owerri, from January to March, 2021. The leaves of the different plants were extracted with absolute ethanol (BDL 95%) for the test. Clean albino mice were experimentally infected intraperitoneally with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain. Parasitaemia level was determined before parasite inoculation and at 24 hours post treatment period. Histopathological study on the liver, kidney, and heart was carried out using the Paraffin Setions method. Extracts of the leaves were administered orally, while chloroquine administration was intramuscular. The efficacy of the leaf extracts was tested on the P. berghei infected albino mice using the 4-day curative test. The lethal median dose (LD50) recorded for neem and clove basil leaf extracts were 31.62 and 1246.9 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Significant activity against the parasite was produced by infected mice treated with extracts of A. indica and O. gratissimum, and their combinations throughout the treatment period (P<.05). Highest reduction of parasitaemia was observed on day 4. Maximum parasitaemia reduction (78.65%) was attained with 30mg/kg of the combined extracts on the 7th day. Mild pathological lesions were observed in mice treated with A. indica leaf extract. These observations indicate better anti-malaria activity of the combination therapy as compared with the individual extracts of A. indica and O. grassimum, and indicate good antimalarial and protective roles of the plant extracts on the parasitized mice at large, as it slows down development of resistance.
Type 2 Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Lawler Thomas , Walts Zoe L. , Steinwandel Mark , Lipworth Loren , Murff Harvey J. , Zheng Wei , Warren Andersen Shaneda 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceType 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer (CRC) disproportionately burden indviduals of low socioeconomic status and African American race. Although diabetes is an emerging CRC risk factor, associations between diabetes and CRC in these populations are understudied.ObjectiveTo determine if diabetes is associated with CRC risk in a cohort representing understudied populations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study uses data from the prospective Southern Community Cohort Study in the US, which recruited from 2002 to 2009 and completed 3 follow-up surveys by 2018. Of about 85 000 participants, 86% enrolled at community health centers, while 14% were enrolled via mail or telephone from the same 12 recruitment states. Participants with less than 2 years of follow-up, previous cancer diagnosis (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) at enrollment, missing enrollment diabetes status, diabetes diagnosis before age 30, and without diabetes at enrollment with no follow-up participation were excluded. Data were analyzed from January to September 2023.ExposuresPhysician-diagnosed diabetes and age at diabetes diagnosis were self-reported via survey at enrollment and 3 follow-ups.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDiabetes diagnosis was hypothesized to be positively associated with CRC risk before analysis. Incident CRC was assessed via state cancer registry and National Death Index linkage. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs were obtained via Cox proportional hazard models, using time-varying diabetes exposure.ResultsAmong 54 597 participants, the median (IQR) enrollment age was 51 (46-58) years, 34 786 (64%) were female, 36 170 (66%) were African American, and 28 792 (53%) had income less than $15 000 per year. In total, 289 of 25 992 participants with diabetes developed CRC, vs 197 of 28 605 participants without diabetes. Diabetes was associated with increased CRC risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79). Greater associations were observed among participants without colonoscopy screening (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.16-3.67) and with smoking history (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14-2.31), potentially due to cancer screening differences. Greater associations were also observed for participants with recent diabetes diagnoses (diabetes duration &amp;lt;5 years compared with 5-10 years; HR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.77-3.67), possibly due to recent screening.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study where the majority of participants were African American with low socioeconomic status, diabetes was associated with elevated CRC risk, suggesting that diabetes prevention and control may reduce CRC disparities. The association was attenuated for those who completed colonoscopies, highlighting how adverse effects of diabetes-related metabolic dysregulation may be disrupted by preventative screening.
A habitat connectivity reality check for fish physical habitat model results and decision‐making for river restoration
Authors: Hansen Henry H. , Schneider Matthias , Hägele Tobias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Fish physical habitat models are a tool for guiding restoration efforts in lotic ecosystems, but often they overestimate restoration outcomes because currently they do not incorporate habitat connectivity. This persistent issue can, in extreme cases, result in little or no improvement to fish populations after the restoration, wasting valuable conservation resources.

We present a case study where practitioners applied a fish habitat model for multiple life stages of gravel spawning fishes to a 52‐km stretch of the Iller River but did so at a microscale implementation by setting up a model based on cross sections with a maximum of 200 m distance from each other. This approach provided an opportunity to assess the connectivity of habitats for gravel spawning fishes, that is, European Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and Common Nase (Chondrostoma nasus), integrating probabilities to find suitable habitats for all life‐history stages and seasonal movements.

We used the assessed habitat estimates (availability of distinct habitat types within reaches defined by the 200 m cross sections) to calculate the minimum distance a fish would need to overcome to change from one habitat type into the other as it hypothetically ‘grew up’ from egg to full spawning adult. This approach can be interpreted as a life cycle habitat check as it considers all habitat types that are necessary to fulfil the life cycle of gravel spawning fishes including their size, distance and flow direction‐related orientation (e.g. larvae habitats only used when downstream of spawning areas).

Our results show that the assumption of complete connectivity would require long movement distances for vulnerable life stages to find suitable habitat. This puts the high priority on the creation of migration corridors and passability of migration barriers in question. Without consideration of habitat types for all life stages of a species and their spatial context, restoration will not be successful. Shortly said: A perfect migration corridor does not necessarily provide habitat connectivity.

We recommend the application of the habitat connectivity approach when predicting the effect of restoration measures and particularly setting the priority of measures for mitigation of fish migration.
Dual‐Targeting Nanovesicles Carrying CSF1/CD47 Identified from Single‐Cell Transcriptomics of Innate Immune Cells in Heart Transplant for Alleviating Acute Rejection
Authors: Xu Zhanxue , Mao Xiaofan , Lu Xingyu , Shi Peilin , Ye Jingping , Yang Xinrui , Fu Qingling , He Chao , Su Dandan , Nie Yichu , Liu Longshan , Wang Changxi , Zhou Benjie , Luo Wei , Cheng Fang , Chen Hongbo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlthough immunosuppressive drugs for targeting T cells are the standard of care in acute transplantation rejection, the role of innate immune cells should not be ignored. Here, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and flow cytometry are performed to reveal the dynamic changes of innate immune cells within the acute rejection time and find a significantly‐increased presence of Ly6G−Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophages and decreased presence of neutrophils among all types of immune cells. Next, to further explore potential targets regulating Ly6G−Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophages, scRNA‐seq is used to analyze the reciprocal signaling of both neutrophils and macrophages, along with the surface genes of macrophages. It is found that activating colony‐stimulating factor 1/ colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1/CSF1R) andcluster of differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein α (CD47/SIRPα) signaling may serve as a strategy to relieve Ly6G−Ly6C+ inflammatory macrophage‐mediated early graft rejection. To investigate this hypothesis, CSF1/CD47 dual‐targeting nanovesicles (NVs) derived from IFN‐γ‐stimulated induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mesenchymal stem cells ( iPSC‐MSCs )are designed and constructed. It is confirmed that CSF1/CD47 NVs synergistically induce the differentiation of Ly6G−Ly6C− M2 inhibitory macrophages by the CSF1/CSF1R pathway, and inhibit the phagocytosis of inflammatory macrophages and inflammatory response by the CD47/SIRPα pathway, ultimately relieving immune rejection. This study highlights the power of dual‐targeting CSF1/CD47 NVs as an immunosuppressant against early innate immune responses with the potential for broad clinical applications.
Intranasal G5‐BGG/pDNA Vaccine Elicits Protective Systemic and Mucosal Immunity against SARS‐CoV‐2 by Transfecting Mucosal Dendritic Cells
Authors: Zhang Han , Liu Zezhong , Lihe Hongye , Lu Linwei , Zhang Zongxu , Yang Shengmin , Meng Nana , Xiong Yin , Fan Xingyan , Chen Zhikai , Lu Weiyue , Xie Cao , Liu Min 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInfectious disease pandemics, including the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, have heightened the demand for vaccines. Although parenteral vaccines induce robust systemic immunity, their effectiveness in respiratory mucosae is limited. Considering the crucial role of nasal‐associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in mucosal immune responses, in this study, the intranasal complex composed of G5‐BGG and antigen‐expressing plasmid DNA (pSP), named G5‐BGG/pSP complex, is developed to activate NALT and to promote both systemic and mucosal immune defense. G5‐BGG/pSP could traverse mucosal barriers and deliver DNA to the target cells because of its superior nasal retention and permeability characteristics. The intranasal G5‐BGG/pSP complex elicits robust antigen‐specific immune responses, such as the notable production of IgG antibody against several virus variants. More importantly, it induces elevated levels of antigen‐specific IgA antibody and a significant expansion of the lung‐resident T lymphocyte population. Notably, the intranasal G5‐BGG/pSP complex results in antigen expression and maturation of dendritic cells in nasal mucosae. These findings exhibit the potential of G5‐BGG, a novel cationic material, as an effective gene carrier for intranasal vaccines to obtain robust systemic and mucosal immunity.