bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Reliability Analysis of Computer-Generated Bitemark Overlays
Authors: McNamee AH , Sweet D , Pretty I 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
This study compared the reliability of two methods used to produce computer-generated bitemark overlays with Adobe Photoshop® (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA). Scanned images of twelve dental casts were sent to 30 examiners with different experience levels. Examiners were instructed to produce an overlay for each cast image based on the instructions provided for the two techniques. Measurements of the area and the x-y coordinate position of the biting edges of the anterior teeth were obtained using Scion Image® software program (Scion Corporation, Frederick, MD) for each overlay. The inter- and intra-reliability assessment of the measurements was performed using an analysis of variance and calculation of reliability coefficients. The assessment of the area measurements showed significant variances seen in the examiner variable for both techniques resulting in low reliability coefficients. Conversely, the results for the positional measurements showed no significant differences in the variances between examiners with exceptionally high reliability coefficients. It was concluded that both techniques were reliable methods to produce bitemark overlays in assessing tooth position.
Drug and Alcohol Use as Determinants of New York City Homicide Trends From 1990 to 1998
Authors: Tardiff AKJ , Wallace Z , Tracy M , Piper TM , Vlahov D , Galea S 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
In this population-level study, we analyzed how well changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims explained declining homicide rates in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Victim demographics, cause of death, and toxicology were obtained for all homicide (N = 12573) and accidental death victims (N = 6351) between 1990 and 1998 from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York (OCME). The proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for cocaine fell between 1990 and 1998 (13% and 9% respectively); the proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for opiates and/or alcohol did not change significantly. Changing patterns of drug and alcohol use by homicide victims were comparable to changing patterns of drug and alcohol use in accident victims, suggesting that changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims between 1990 and 1998 cannot solely explain the decline in NYC homicide rates.
Review of: Crime Scene to Court: The Essentials of Forensic Science, Second Edition
Authors: Bisbing R 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
Peter White describes this book as primarily for support of the teaching of forensic science; but, I agree with him that it should appeal to a much wider readership including police ivestigators, forensic science practitioners, and students of the courts. Chapters are authored by experienced forensic scientists, many of whom have authored more extensive works within their specialty.
Preparation, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ruddlesden—Popper Phases La1.2Sr1.8Mn2‐xRuxO7 (x: 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5).
Authors: Schuepp Barbara , Doerr Kathrin , Ruck Kirsten , Nenkov Konstantin , Mueller Karl‐Hartmut , Krabbes Gernot 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5′‐Substituted Fluoro‐neplanocin A Analogues: Importance of a Hydrogen Bonding Donor at 5′‐Position for the Inhibitory Activity of S‐Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase.
Authors: Moon Hyung Ryong , Lee Hyun Joo , Kim Kyung Ran , Lee Kang Man , Lee Sang Kook , Kim Hea Ok , Chun Moon Woo , Jeong Lak Shin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A self‐equalization band pass filter involving complex transmission zeros and its equivalent circuit in the Foster type circuit
Authors: Takeda Shigeki 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a design method for a bandpass filter with characteristics close to ideal ones in which the amplitude and group delays are simultaneously flat in the passband and selectivity is assured in the stopband by means of an attenuation pole. In the present approach, first a method of designing the network function of a low pass prototype is proposed in which the group delay and the amplitude can be made flat at the same time over the same bandwidth by means of self‐equalizationThis refers to equalization carried out by the design of only the network function without an external equalizer.using complex transmission zeros. It is shown that a circuit network with this characteristic can be synthesized by a Foster type circuit. Further, it is shown that degradation of the group delay, which is unavoidable in conventional methods, can now be suppressed if frequency transformation is carried out directly to the individual circuit elements in the Foster type circuit. By means of this frequency transformation, a Foster type equivalent circuit is derived for a bandpass filter which faithfully performs frequency shifting of the characteristic of the low pass prototype. As a design example, a bandpass filter is presented in which a ninth‐order Bessel filter is self‐equalized by a set of complex transmission zeros and a set of transmission zeros on the imaginary axis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 54–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20086
Design method of microwave Doherty power amplifiers and its application to Si power MOSFET amplifiers
Authors: Takayama Yoichiro , Harada Tetsuji , Fujita Takayuki , Maenaka Kazusuke 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRecently, much attention has been given to Doherty amplifiers as microwave power amplifiers that have the possibility of realizing high efficiency and low‐distortion characteristics with a wide dynamic range. In this paper, the configuration, operation, and characteristics of Doherty amplifiers are surveyed and challenges in their use as microwave power amplifiers are identified. The circuit condition for use as a microwave Doherty amplifier is derived. Based on this condition, a method for the design of a practical output coupling scheme for a Doherty amplifier is proposed. Also, the effects of the peak amplifier and the carrier amplifier composing a Doherty amplifier on the combining characteristics of the Doherty circuit configuration are studied and design guidelines are presented. The behavior and characteristics of the power Si MOSFET Doherty amplifier constructed with the proposed design method are discussed in detail by simulation. The evaluation results are presented for a 1‐GHz Si MOSFET Doherty amplifier designed and fabricated on the basis of the simulation results. Finally, summaries and future challenges are given. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 88(4): 9–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20137
Evolution of diverse antiviral CD8+ T cell populations after murine cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Sierro Sophie , Rothkopf Robert , Klenerman Paul 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major human pathogen normally controlled by cellular immune responses. The infection can be modeled in the mouse using murine CMV (MCMV). During the latent phase of infection, two different patterns of CD8+ T cell responses have been observed: some specificities show increasing frequencies over time (“memory inflation”), while others, which are present acutely, are barely detectable at later time points. This distinction is independent of initial immunodominance. We analyzed the extent to which such responses differ functionally and tracked both their population distribution and their evolution over time. We observed two clear patterns of memory development that diverged early after infection. Acutely, CD8+ T cells directed against all epitopes showed similar activation, phenotype and distribution. Thereafter, one set of responses (“inflationary”) increased in frequency over time, was found in high numbers in non‐lymphoid organs and was associated with an activated (CD28low CD27lowCD122low) phenotype. In contrast, CD8+ T cells responses specific for other MCMV epitopes (“non‐inflationary”) showed a slow reversion to a classical “central” memory phenotype without enrichment in non‐lymphoid organs. A simple model to describe the equilibrium state in MCMV is presented, which may point to previously unexplored antiviral populations present after human CMV infection.
β2‐Adrenoceptor‐mediated suppression of human intestinal mast cell functions is caused by disruption of filamentous actin dynamics
Authors: Gebhardt Thomas , Gerhard Ralf , Bedoui Sammy , Erpenbeck Veit J. , Hoffmann Matthias W. , Manns Michael P. , Bischoff Stephan C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPrevious studies indicated potent inhibitory effects of β2‐adrenoceptor (β2AR) activation on the immunological mediator release of mast cells (MC). Here, we studied effects of β2AR agonists on human MC mediator release, and in particular on MC proliferation, adhesion, and migration. MC were isolated from human intestinal mucosa, purified, and cultured in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF). β2AR activation by epinephrine, norepinephrine, and salbutamol suppressed the IgE receptor‐dependent release of histamine, lipid mediators, and TNF‐α, and inhibited SCF‐dependent MC proliferation and migration. Moreover, β2‐adrenergic stimulation interfered with MC adhesion to fibronectin and human endothelial cells. Using fluorescent phallacidin, we found that β2AR activation reduced the amount of filamentous actin (F‐actin) within minutes, whereas MC stimulation by either IgE receptor cross‐linking or SCF caused F‐actin accumulation. Interestingly, this activation‐induced F‐actin increase was abolished by previous β2‐adrenergic stimulation. Finally, we demonstrated that disruption of the F‐actin cytoskeleton by latrunculin B mimicked the effects of β2AR agonists on MC adhesion and migration. Our results argue for an important role of F‐actin interference in β2AR‐mediated MC inhibition. Furthermore, the data support the concept of neuroimmune interactions regulating intestinal MC distribution, density, and functionality in vivo.
NFAT expression in human osteoclasts
Authors: Day Christopher J. , Kim Michael S. , Lopez Carolina M. , Nicholson Geoff C. , Morrison Nigel A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractNuclear factor of activated T‐cells cytoplasmic (NFATc) is a family of transcription factors originally identified in T‐cells. The gene family is currently known to have four members (NFATc1 through NFATc4) which have roles both within and outside the immune system. We show that NFATc1 is the major induced NFAT in human osteoclasts, with expression greatly exceeding that of NFATc2 through NFATc4. In macrophage‐like cells in culture, NFATc1 through NFATc4 are expressed at similar low levels. NFATc1 is comprised of five mRNA transcript variants known to encode three different protein isoforms. The mRNA encoding isoform C (mRNA variant 3) was the most expressed with 38 copies per nanogram followed by isoform B (mRNA variant 5) with 17 copies per nanogram of total RNA. Isoform A (mRNA variant 1) and mRNA variants 2 and 4 made up less than 1% of the total NFATc1 expressed. NFATc1 is activated by calcineurin after calcium‐calmodulin signalling. The induction of NFATc1 in osteoclasts was not altered in the presence of cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin, suggesting that NFATc1 does not participate in autoregulatory activation of its own promoter. The NFATc1 variants expressed by human osteoclasts are not those normally expressed by effector T‐cells but are similar to those seen in naïve T‐cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of ground‐pad dimensions on the performance of vialess transition from coplanar waveguide to microstrip
Authors: Li Lingyun , Mao Junfa , Sun Xiaowei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this paper, the influence of the ground‐pad dimensions on the electrical performance of the vialess transition from coplanar waveguide (CPW) to microstrip is studied. The simulation and measurement results both show that wider and shorter CPW pads can improve the transition bandwidth. This result can be used as a simple guideline for vialess transition design, and is illustrated by an equivalent‐capacitance model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 112–115, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20739
Improving the quality factor of a broadened spiral inductor with arithmetic‐progression step width
Authors: Hsu Heng‐Ming 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA broadened spiral inductor with arithmetic‐progression step width is proposed to improve the quality factor (Q factor). The results show that Q factor can be greatly enhanced by tapering the spiral inductor. The enhancement of Q factor by increased step width and associated eddy‐current loss reduction is also studied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 118–120, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20741
Optical true time‐delay feeder for phased array antennas using fiber Bragg gratings and metal‐film reflectors
Authors: Shin Jong‐Dug , Bae Duk‐Hee , Kim Boo‐Gyoun 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA novel optical true time‐delay (TTD) feeder for phased‐array antennas incorporating a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) prism and optical fibers with metal film deposited on their cleaved ends is proposed. By arranging a metal‐film reflector at one end of the fiber delay line with FBGs written at different locations, one FBG for every fiber delay line can be saved (compared to FBG‐only TTD feeders) and flexibility of wavelength selection is also provided due to the uniform reflectance of the metal film in a broad wavelength range. A TTD feeder with two fiber delay lines for 10‐GHz linear phased‐array antennas is built to steer a beam into three directions at 0° and ±30°. The experimental results of the time delays agree well with those calculated at all the steering angles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 122–124, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20743
High‐order US‐FDTD based on the weighted finite‐difference method
Authors: Xiao Fei , Tang Xiaohong , Ma Haihong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAlthough unconditionally stable (US), the accuracy of ADI‐FDTD is not so high as that of conventional FDTD. In this paper, a high‐order US‐FDTD based on the weighted finite‐difference method is presented. A strict analysis of stability shows that it is unconditionally stable. And, more importantly, its numerical‐dispersion performance is superior to that of ADI‐FDTD. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 142–144, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20749
Coupled‐line 180° hybrid coupler
Authors: Park Myun‐Joo , Lee Byungje 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA new 180° hybrid‐coupler structure based on coupled lines is proposed. It consists of two quarter‐wave coupled‐line sections and one half‐wave transmission‐line section. The coupled outputs are always in phase with the input signal for all ports, and the through or direct outputs are either in phase or out of phase from the input signal, depending on the input ports. It has a simple structure and wide bandwidth, and can be implemented over a wide range of coupling values. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 173–176, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20761
A study paradigm allowing comparison of multiple high‐resolution rCBV‐maps for the examination of drug effects
Authors: Rausch M. , Gentsch C. , Enz A. , Baumann D. , Rudin M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractOwing to the neuro‐vascular coupling, measurement of changes in regional cerebral blood flow and blood volume (rCBV) can be used as surrogates reflecting the effects of central nervous system active drugs on neural transmission. As most such drugs are administered orally or intramuscularly and, in many cases, beneficial effects due to drug treatment can be observed only after chronic administration for days or weeks, the evaluation of drug efficacy requires the development of acquisition and analysis tools that allow for comparison of imaging data sets obtained in multiple sessions and for multiple subjects. In the present study, high‐resolution susceptibility contrast MR perfusion imaging using a super‐paramagnetic contrast agent (CA) was applied to study the effect of a single oral administration of the acetylcholine‐esterase inhibitor rivastigmine (Exelon®) on rCBV in rats. rCBV maps were calculated from two T2‐weighted three‐dimensional fast‐spin‐echo scans recorded before and after the injection of the CA, respectively. All MRI data sets were mapped to a reference data set obtained from a normal male Sprague–Dawley rat using an automated co‐registration procedure prior to the analysis for drug effects. Rivastigmine was orally administered at doses of 2, 4 or 8 mg/kg 1 h prior to the rCBV measurement. Rivastigmine increased rCBV in several brain areas including cortex, caudate putamen and hippocampus. The observed effects were dose‐dependent and the changes reached the order of 5–12% as compared with baseline levels. Vehicle‐treated animals showed no significant alterations of blood volume, demonstrating the reproducibility and stability of rCBV measurements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective depletion of albumin using a new peptide‐based affinity medium
Authors: Baussant Thierry , Bougueleret Lydie , Johnson Andrew , Rogers John , Menin Laure , Hall Martin , Åberg Per‐Mikael , Rose Keith 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBlood plasma and serum are very useful samples for the detection, identification and quantitation of proteins associated with both health and disease. However, analysis of plasma and serum is a challenge because traces of interesting polypeptides and proteins can be dominated by the very high concentration of albumin present. Albumin may be depleted by adsorption to immunoaffinity columns or to columns containing dyes such as Cibacron Blue, or by ultrafiltration, but these methods are far from ideal. We describe a new peptide‐based affinity medium which is effective for removing albumin and is very specific. The albumin‐binding capacity is at least 14 mg per mL of gel. The material may be reused hundreds of times after a simple regeneration step involving NaOH, with full retention of specificity and capacity. The material was tested with human and monkey plasma and serum and rat serum, and has been used to deplete litre volumes of human plasma. The development of other peptide‐based affinity media to deplete abundant proteins is briefly discussed.
Proteomic analysis of hepatitis B virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Identification of potential tumor markers
Authors: Li Chen , Tan Ye‐Xiong , Zhou Hu , Ding Shi‐Jian , Li Su‐Jun , Ma Dan‐jun , Man Xiao‐bo , Hong Yi , Zhang Lei , Li Long , Xia Qi‐Chang , Wu Jia‐Rui , Wang Hong‐Yang , Zeng Rong 
Published: March 2005

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy of both underdeveloped and developing countries. Proteomes of ten pairs of clinical hepatitis B virus associated HCC tissue samples were obtained by high resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Comprehensive analyses of proteins associated with B‐type HCC were focused on total differentially expressed proteins (≥ two‐fold increase or decrease, Student's t‐test, p < 0.05) from one pair of samples. Protein identification was done by peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Comparative analyses of proteins associated with B‐type HCC included repeat statistics in ten cases. A total of 100 protein spots, corresponding to 80 different gene products, were identified. Proteins whose expression levels were different by more than 2‐fold in at least 50% of the cases (five of ten cases) were further analyzed and 45 proteins were selected out as candidates for HCC‐associated proteins. Western blotting further validated up‐regulated expressions of two candidate proteins in tumor tissues: proliferating cell antigen and stathmin 1. This comprehensive and comparative analyses of proteins associated with B‐type HCC could provide useful molecular markers for diagnostics and prognostics and for therapeutic targets. The physiological significance of the differential expressions for several candidate proteins are discussed.
Identification of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 as the antigen for the gastrointestinal cancer specific monoclonal antibody MG7
Authors: Lee Chi‐ho , Lum John Hon‐kei , Cheung Belinda Pik‐yuen , Wong Man‐sau , Butt Yoki Kwok‐chu , Tam Ming F. , Chan Wing Y. , Chow Chit , Hui Pak‐kwan , Kwok Francis S. L. , Lo Samuel Chun‐lap , Fan D. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMG7 is an early gastrointestinal cancer specific monoclonal antibody. It can detect gastric cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. However, the target antigen for MG7 has not been identified. Western blot analysis revealed that the MG7 antibody reproducibly recognized two ∼35 kDa proteins in the total cell lysates of human gastric carcinoma cell lines KATO III and MKN‐45. Using a proteomic approach, we identified these MG7 immunoreactive proteins as the human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1). Western blot analysis of nuclear and cytosolic fraction of KATO III cells using either MG7 or hnRNP A2/B1 antibodies confirmed that the target antigen is located exclusively in the nucleus. With the use of archival samples, we also found that the level of hnRNP A2/B1 protein was increased in gastric cancer tissues (4 out of 5 patients), when compared to their corresponding matching normal stomach tissue.
Biochemical and immunological studies of nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome and 229E human coronaviruses
Authors: Tang Tswen‐Kei , Wu Mark P.‐J. , Chen Shui‐Tsung , Hou Ming‐Hon , Hong Ming‐Hsiang , Pan Fu‐Ming , Yu Hui‐Ming , Chen Jenn‐Han , Yao Chen‐Wen , Wang Andrew H.‐J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious health threat and its early diagnosis is important for infection control and potential treatment of the disease. Diagnostic tools require rapid and accurate methods, of which a capture ELISA method may be useful. Toward this goal, we have prepared and characterized soluble full‐length nucleocapsid proteins (N protein) from SARS and 229E human coronaviruses. N proteins form oligomers, mostly as dimers at low concentration. These two N proteins degrade rapidly upon storage and the major degraded N protein is the C‐terminal fragment of amino acid (aa) 169–422. Taken together with other data, we suggest that N protein is a two‐domain protein, with the N‐terminal aa 50–150 as the RNA‐binding domain and the C‐terminal aa 169–422 as the dimerization domain. Polyclonal antibodies against the SARS N protein have been produced and the strong binding sites of the anti‐nucleocapsid protein (NP) antibodies produced were mapped to aa 1–20, aa 150–170 and aa 390–410. These sites are generally consistent with those mapped by sera obtained from SARS patients. The SARS anti‐NP antibody was able to clearly detect SARS virus grown in Vero E6 cells and did not cross‐react with the NP from the human coronavirus 229E. We have predicted several antigenic sites (15–20 amino acids) of S, M and N proteins and produced antibodies against those peptides, some of which could be recognized by sera obtained from SARS patients. Antibodies against the NP peptides could detect the cognate N protein clearly. Further refinement of these antibodies, particularly large‐scale production of monoclonal antibodies, could lead to the development of useful diagnostic kits for diseases associated with SARS and other human coronaviruses.