bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dairy consumption and total and cause‐specific mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study
Authors: Takata Yumie , Shu Xiao‐Ou , Zheng Wei , Blot William J. 
Published: November 2023

Dairy foods contain various nutrients that have been hypothesized to play a role in chronic disease. Little is known about the association between dairy intake and mortality among blacks and individuals from low‐income households, who have lower dairy intake and higher risks of mortality and chronic diseases than other groups in the US population. Using the data from the Southern Community Cohort Study of about 86,000 adult men and women in the US with large proportions of black participants and those from low‐income households, we prospectively investigated associations of total, low‐ or high‐fat, and fermented or non‐fermented dairy intake with risk of total and cause‐specific mortality. Baseline dairy intakes were estimated based on a validated, food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were assessed through linkage to the National Death Index and other databases and study follow‐ups. Multivariate Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality risk associated with dairy intakes. Among 77,835 participants included in the current analysis, 10,319 deaths accrued up to 2013. The mean total dairy intake was 65 and 115 g/1000 Kcal for blacks and whites, respectively. Total dairy intake was not statistically significantly associated with total or cause‐specific mortality. By fat content, low‐fat dairy intake was statistically significantly inversely associated with all‐cancer mortality (HR=0.81, 95% CI=0.72–0.91, comparing the highest quartile of intake with the lowest), specifically lung cancer mortality (HR=0.77, 95% CI=0.63–0.94). In contrast, low‐fat dairy intake was statistically significantly positively associated with diabetes mortality (HR=1.35, 95% CI=1.06–1.72), whereas high‐fat dairy intake was inversely associated (HR=0.65, 95% CI=0.51–0.83). By fermentation, non‐fermented or fermented dairy intake was not statistically significantly associated with total or cause‐specific mortality. In our stratified analyses, similar association patterns were observed for whites, the participants with pre‐existing comorbidity, and lower household income group. In our study population susceptible to health disparity, low‐fat dairy intake was inversely associated with cancer mortality, which is consistent with the current recommendation to choose lower‐fat dairy products. Our finding on associations between low‐fat or high‐fat dairy intake and diabetes mortality warrants further investigation.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by the National Cancer Institute (R01 CA092447 and U01CA202979 to W.J. Blot).
Association of Rates of Obesity with Voting Patterns in the 2016 Presidential Election
Authors: Krauss Amy , Taetzsch Amy , Maaliki Adèle , Mozaffarian Dariush , Roberts Susan B 
Published: November 2023

Excess health care costs for treatment of noncommunicable diseases caused by obesity are now $200 billion/year. In addition, obesity reduces workforce productivity, and increases risks for disability and accidents. The executive branch of government can potentially influence obesity through many mechanisms, including policies for health care, feeding assistance programs, dietary guidelines, industry subsidies or tax breaks for weight management programs, farm subsidies for different types of agricultural products, diet‐physical activity policies for government employees and the military, and funding for obesity research. Despite this powerful connection between national administrations and the likely ability of the U.S. to manage its obesity epidemic, little is known about the relationship between obesity and voting patterns. We examined the association of rates of obesity with voting patterns in the 2016 presidential election to explore the political ramifications of this challenging disease.Data on rates of obesity across states and Washington D.C. were drawn from CDC data. Voting patterns in the 2016 election, the percent of the population in different racial/ethnic categories, and median income were taken from public records. There was a strong positive association between rate of obesity and percent of votes received by the Republican presidential candidate (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.755, P<0.001), and a negative association of rate of obesity with percent of votes received by the Democrat presidential (Spearman's correlation coefficient=0.553, P<0.001). In regression models adding median income and percent ethnic minorities as covariates, percent of votes received by the Republican candidate remained a strong and highly significant predictor of percent obesity.The underlying reasons for the robust association of obesity and republican voting, independent of income and ethnic minority populations, are not known. However, regional food consumption patterns, eating habits and lifestyle are likely to important, given the dominant role of these factors in the development and maintenance of obesity, as well as rates of educational attainment and rural versus urban environments.These results confirm and extend associations of republication voting and rates of obesity documented in previous elections. Reducing health care costs and increasing employment were common agenda items during the 2016 presidential election. Even a 5–10% weight loss reduces health care costs and employee absenteeism within two years. By using a combination of executive actions and increased research funding, obesity reduction is likely to provide a quick return on investment that supports multiple political priorities.
Very low‐level metal exposure, dietary intakes, and oxidative stress in children from Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Kordas Katarzyna , Roy Aditi , Nie Jing , Vahter Marie , Mañay Nelly , Martinez Gabriela , Peregalli Fabiana 
Published: November 2023

Children are concurrently exposed to low levels of multiple toxic metals but it is unclear how these exposures affect molecular processes like oxidative stress (OS), or the extent to which dietary components may reduce OS from these pro‐oxidants. In a cross‐sectional study of 6–8 y olds from Montevideo, Uruguay, we examined: 1) association of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) levels in urine with markers of OS: urinary F2‐8α isoprostane and 8‐OHdG; and 2) modification of OS by dietary intake of fruits, and vegetables and select antioxidant nutrients. 191 children provided first morning urine samples; OS markers were measured via ELISA and metals via ICP‐MS, with concentratons adjusted for specific gravities. Mothers completed two 24‐hr diet recalls at least 2 weeks apart; intake values were averaged. In complete‐case analysis (n=143), covariate‐adjusted OLS regressions were run separately for each marker of OS, entering metal as log‐transformed continuous variables. Models were further stratified by median intake of foods and nutrients. 8‐isoprostane and 8‐OHdG concentrations were (median [5%, 95%]): 1.6 [0.3, 3.8] and 40.0 [12.2, 135.9] ng/mL, respectively. Urinary As, Cd, Mn and Pb concentrations were 9.92 [4.77, 24.72], 0.06 [0.02, 0.16], 0.11 [0.05, 0.75], 1.9 [0.58, 4.4] μg/L, respectively; metals were modestly correlated (Spearman's rho 0.17–0.27). Fruit, vegetable and nutrient intake was low (median [5%, 95%]: fruit 120 [0, 462] g/d, vegetable 0 [0, 150] g/d, zinc 2.2 [0.9, 4.6] mg/kcal/d, vit C 19.4 [1.9, 86.5] μg/kcal/d, fiber 1.4 [0.5, 4.2] mg/kcal/d. Urinary metals were not associated with markers of OS. In stratified analyses, higher urinary Mn was associated with lower 8‐OHdG concentrations among children with low, but not high, consumption of vitamin C, zinc, and fiber. Higher total urinary As was associated with higher 8‐OHdG among children with low but not high vitamin C intake. Multiple metals do not appear to produce higher OS at low‐level of exposure. With differential effects in low vs. higher antioxidant nutrient intake, low‐level Mn in urine is likely reflecting the mineral's role as a antioxidant.Support or Funding InformationNIEHS R21ES16523, R21ES019949
The Role of Dietary Factors in Accumulation of Pericardial Adipose Tissue Volume in the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes Study
Authors: Moore Jaime , Pyle Laura , Alman Amy , Snell‐Bergeon Janet 
Published: November 2023

Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to non‐diabetics. The mortality rate from ischemic heart disease in T1D is higher than in the general population in both men and women, but the relative risk is increased to a greater extent in women than in men with T1D, and the mechanisms for this increased risk are not fully understood. Regional fat depots around the heart have received increasing attention because of a shared origin with abdominal visceral fat and influence on cardiometabolic risk. Specifically, pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume has been associated with severity of atherosclerosis and incident CVD. The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes (CACTI) study cohort has prospectively followed 652 men and women with T1D and 764 non‐diabetic controls over the last 16 years. We examined PAT volume, measured from cardiac CT scans, at baseline and after 3 and 6 years of follow‐up, along with dietary factors from food frequency questionnaires using linear mixed effects models. Models were adjusted for potential confounders including age, race/ethnicity, BMI, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. We hypothesized that specific dietary factors would be associated with the degree of PAT accumulation over time. Overall, we found a strong sex by diabetes status by time interaction on PAT volume, with men accumulating more PAT than women, and men with T1D accumulating less PAT than non‐diabetic men while women with T1D accumulated a similar amount of PAT when compared to non‐diabetic women. There were no interactions by diabetes status for any of the dietary factors. Higher fiber (P<0.001) and Vitamin D (P=.0386) intake were associated with less PAT accumulation. Surprisingly, higher intake of total sugar (P=.0016), sucrose (P=.0275), and glycemic load (P=.0121) were each associated with less PAT accumulation, and there was no association found between total fat (P=.095) nor the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fat in the diet (P=.3981) and PAT accumulation. These latter findings require further investigation, including looking at multiple dietary factors simultaneously with the development and application of a more holistic dietary quality score.Support or Funding InformationThe first author is supported by a NIH T32 grant (project number 6T32DK007658‐26). Pericardial adipose tissue measurement has been supported by an ancillary study to CACTI, funded by the American Diabetes Association (Alman, PI, grant #7‐13‐CE‐2).
Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations are Associated with the Glycemic Status and Insulin Resistance among Adults in Southwest China
Authors: Li Dan‐ting , Xue Hong‐mei , Zhang Jie‐yi , Cheng Guo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe aim to examine whether a higher serum 25(OH)D was associated with a more favorable glucose homeostasis among adults in Southwest China.MethodsA total of 920 non‐diabetic adults (62.61% women) aged 25–65 years were recruited from an ongoing prospective study conducted in Southwest China between March and October, 2015. Data on dietary intake and physical activity were collected by validated questionnaires. Investigated metabolic factors for describing glucose homeostasis included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA2‐IR) and prevalence of pre‐diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance and (or) impaired fasting glucose). Waist circumstance (WC), height and weight were measured, and the last two were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and glucose homeostasis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the relation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and the prevalence of pre‐diabetes.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with fasting insulin (β=−0.041, p=0.0007), HbA1c (β=−0.0041, p=0.0001) and HOMA2‐IR (β=−0.0054, p=0.0007), but not with FPG, after adjusting for age, gender, personal monthly income, vocation, smoking status, energy intake, physical activity and WC. That is, each ng/mL increment in 25(OH)D concentration was associated with about 0.041μIU/mL for fasting insulin, 0.41% for HbA1c and 0.0054 for HOMA2‐IR increased, respectively. Furthermore, higher serum 25(OH)D level was a protective factor of pre‐diabetes (OR (95%CI): 0.982 (0.970, 0.995)) after adjusting for the confounders mentioned above.ConclusionOur results support that a higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with decreased risk of pre‐diabetes by mechanism likely tied to effects on insulin sensitivity in Chinese population.Support or Funding InformationAll phases of this study were supported by research grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.81472976).
Korean Solar Salt Suppresses Concomitant Induction of Obesity and AOM/DSS‐Based Colon Cancer in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Park Kun‐Young , Ju Jaehyun , Park Eui‐Seong , Choi Shin‐Il 
Published: November 2023

The aim of our research is to elucidate health benefits of Korean solar salt samples with different processing methods in concomitant in vivo induction of obesity and colon cancer (using azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)), using C57BL/6 mice. All mice, except for Normal group, were fed with high‐fat diet (HFD; 45% Cal from fat), with 1% salt samples in the diet (SS‐S1 for conventionally manufactured solar salt, SS‐S2 for solar salt with charcoal‐ and magnetic filtration of SS‐S1, SS‐S3 for solar salt made by concentrated new sea water, SS‐S4 for solar salt made by concentrated new sea water after charcoal‐ and magnetic filtration of SS‐S3, and nine‐time‐baked bamboo salt (BS‐9×) used as a positive control; corresponding with a human dose of 12 grams of salt/day) or not, and underwent AOM/DSS colon cancer induction. Of all the samples observed, SS‐S3 and SS‐S4 suppressed shortening of colon length, lowered colon weight‐to‐length ratio, reduced colon tumor counts. Also, SS‐S3 suppressed weight of epididymal adipose tissue (EAT), reduced serum concentration of triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and leptin. SS‐S3 suppressed adipogenesis‐related mRNA expression both in liver and EAT; it promoted apoptosis‐related gene expression in colon and suppressed inflammation‐related mRNA expression in colon as well. Such efficacies were found to have improved when solar salt was baked into BS‐9×. Taken together, solar salt, when carefully processed, may improve health benefit against obesity and cancer.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by a grant 20130290 to Solar Salt Research Center of Mokpo National University from Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea.
Glyceollins Induce Tumor Growth in Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Colon Cancer in Nrf2‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Jeong Gain , Seo Hyelin , Ju Sunghee , Jang Jin Ho , Woo Yaejin , Gwon Yun Jeong , Averrila Janice Nullan , Kim Jungeun , Byun Si Yul , Oh Jisun , Kim Jong‐Sang 
Published: November 2023

Our previous study showed that soybean‐derived glyceollins activate antioxidant/anti‐carcinogenic enzymes in an Nrf2‐mediated fashion. While the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway was associated with cytoprotective and/or chemopreventive effects, some recent studies implied that Nrf2 induction could rather promote tumor growth by efficiently scavenging ROS produced by Warburg effect which is, in turn, regulated by p53 tumor suppressor. Therefore, we were interested in examining whether glyceollins could accelerate tumor growth in the presence of active p53. Using xenograft mouse model transplanted subcutaneously with two types of human colon cancer HCT116 cells such as p53‐wild type and p53–knockout, to BALB/c nude mice, glyceollins were orally administered with a single dose of 1 or 4 mg/kg body weight (BW) a week after cell transplantation, followed by monitoring tumor growth and volume for two weeks. Treatment with glyceollins at the dose of 1 mg/kg BW did not promote the growth of tumors transplanted with either p53‐positive or p53‐negative HCT116 cells. However, tumor volume of p53‐positive HCT116 xenograft, but not of p53‐negative HCT116 xenograft, was significantly increased by glyceollin treatment at 4 mg/kg BW. In addition, the phase 2 detoxifying enzymes were highly expressed in tumor tissues transplanted with p53‐positive cells compared to those transplanted with p53‐negative cells, suggesting that high dose of glyceollins could induce the growth of p53‐positive colon cancer probably through activation of Nrf2‐mediated signaling pathway and thus the consumption of glyceollins and some Nrf2 activators may not be recommendable for patients with certain types of cancer cells.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by National Research Foundation (Grant No. R2014R1A2A2A01005773), Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, Republic of Korea
Soy Consumption and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Applegate Catherine C , Rowles Joe L , Ranard Katherine M , Jeon Sookyoung , Erdman John W 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer‐related deaths in the United States. Worldwide, PCa is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. PCa incidence is higher in more developed countries, with Australia/New Zealand and North America having the highest rates, while rates remain lowest in Asian countries. The lower incidence of PCa in Asian populations has been associated with the consumption of soy foods. Soy has been under intensifying scrutiny in recent years for its potential role in the prevention of hormone‐driven cancers. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis focused on the association of soy foods on the risk of PCa in men.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the influence of soy food consumption on the risk of PCa in men is currently underway. Eligible studies were published before October 10, 2016 and were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Articles were identified using the following key words and their variants: prostate cancer, prostate neoplasm, soy, soymilk, soy milk, isoflavone, bean curd, tofu, soy protein, daidzein, and genistein. For studies to have been included in this meta‐analysis, they must have met the following criteria: (a) evaluated the association between soy food consumption and PCa risk by using randomized control trials and cohort, cross‐sectional, retrospective, prospective, or case‐control studies; (b) methodology was documented in replicable detail; (c) evaluated the relationship between soy and prostate cancer risk; (d) included relative risk ratio with 95% confidence intervals for exposure categories; (e) were written in English; and (f) peer‐reviewed publications or theses. We will utilize a Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale in order to assess the quality of this data. Additionally, data from included articles were utilized for comparisons of highest to lowest consumption, dose‐response relationships, and for potential publication bias. From these comparisons, we will estimate pooled relative risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random and fixed effects models.ResultsAfter screening the literature, a total of 3,309 articles were identified. Eight hundred and thirty‐six articles were immediately removed as duplicates. Of the 2,473 remaining articles, 2,444 were removed through the abstract screening process, and 29 articles were identified for full‐text review. After reviewing the full text, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria and will be analyzed in the meta‐analysis.SignificanceData gleaned from this study will result in an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effect of soy consumption on the risk of PCa, providing support or nonsupport for the potential beneficial effect of increased soy food consumption on PCa risk.
Red and Processed Meat Consumption and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Cancer Prevention Study‐II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: McCullough Marji L , Jacobs Eric J , Shah Roma , Campbell Peter T , Wang Ying , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death, with 1‐ and 5‐ year survival rates of 29% and 7%, respectively. Apart from excess body fatness and alcohol consumption, no dietary risk factors have consistently been associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Evidence from previous prospective cohort studies suggests a possible increased risk with higher consumption of red and processed meat, but findings are inconsistent and may vary by sex. Most studies examined meat intake at only one point in time. Among 142,810 men and women in the CPS‐II Nutrition Cohort, meat intake was assessed at four time points: 1982 (10 years before baseline, in the parent CPS‐II mortality cohort), at baseline in 1992, and on follow‐up questionnaires in 1999 and 2003. During 19 years of follow‐up, 1,113 cases of pancreatic cancer were documented. In multivariable‐adjusted models excluding the first two years of follow‐up, higher red and processed meat intake at baseline in 1992 was not associated with pancreatic cancer risk (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.67, 1.04, p interaction by sex=0.09). However, higher long‐term red and processed meat intake (highest quartile in 1982 and 1992, vs. lowest quartile at both time points) was associated with statistically significant increased risk in men (HR=1.59, 95% CI 1.07–2.37), but not women (HR=0.71, 95% CI 0.45–1.11, p interaction by sex=0.01). Future analyses will examine interaction by other pancreatic cancer risk factors, including smoking and BMI. In conclusion, preliminary results suggest that long‐term high red and processed meat intake may increase the risk of pancreatic cancer in men, but not women. Additional research is needed to understand these potential differences in associations by sex.Support or Funding InformationThe American Cancer Society funds the creation, maintenance, and updating of the Cancer Prevention Study‐II cohort.