bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element developments for general fluid flows with structural interactions
Authors: Bathe Klaus‐Jürgen , Zhang Hou 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe objective in this paper is to present some developments for the analysis of Navier–Stokes incompressible and compressible fluid flows with structural interactions. The incompressible fluid is discretized with a new solution approach, a flow‐condition‐based interpolation finite element scheme. The high‐speed compressible fluids are solved using standard finite volume methods. The fluids are fully coupled to general structures that can undergo highly non‐linear response due to large deformations, inelasticity, contact and temperature. Particular focus is given on the scheme used to couple the fluid media with the structures. The fluids can also be modelled as low‐speed compressible or slightly compressible media, which are important models in engineering practice. Some solutions obtained using ADINA are presented to indicate the analyses that can be performed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorption of bovine serum albumin protein onto amino‐containing thermosensitive core‐shell latexes
Authors: Duracher David , Veyret Raphael , Elaïssari Abdelhamid , Pichot Christian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAdsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto positively charged core‐shell latex particles with a polystyrene core and a rich poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (NIPAM)) shell layer was investigated as a function of pH, ionic strength and temperature. Adsorption of BSA protein onto such cationic and thermosensitive particles was found negligible below the LCST of poly(NIPAM), whereas it was much higher above it. In addition, the pH and the salinity dependence of the adsorbed amount at the plateau reflected the role of electrostatic interactions. Protein adsorption behaviour was discussed by taking into account the changes in the interfacial properties of polymer particles (structure of the shell, hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance, charge density) versus temperature, suggesting that coulombic forces are mostly operating in this process. A desorption study showed that the BSA release efficiency was dependent upon the incubation time of the preliminary adsorbed step, and the effect of pH and ionic strength confirmed the contribution of electrostatic interactions. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Do government training schemes for unemployed school leavers achieve their objectives? A psychological perspective
Authors: Oddy Michael , Donovan Andrew , Pardoe Rachel 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe increasing rates of youth unemployment have given rise to concern in academic and political circles as well as amongst the general public. So much so that successive governments have introduced employment schemes specifically for this age group. Although a variety of opinions have been expressed concerning the value of such schemes and much thought and planning has gone into the design of successive generations of schemes, there appears to be little hard evidence concerning the effects they have on the well‐being of young people. In the course of a study of the wider aspects of unemployment amongst school leavers, the authors collected evidence which they believe bears directly on this question.In a prospective study, which began by assessing fifth formers before they left school, it was found that in general those who went on to YOP schemes occupied an intermediate position between those who obtained work and those who remained unemployed, on a variety of measures of psychological well‐being. However, it was found that those on Schemes were less likely than those in either of the other two groups to believe that they had a measure of personal control over their lives. The findings are discussed in relation to the design of employment schemes and the longer term implications.
Disordered eating in South‐western Pueblo Indians and Hispanics
Authors: Snow Janeanne T. , Harris Mary B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe present study investigated the incidence of eating disorders in two samples representing populations seldom reported upon in the eating disorder literature: Pueblo Indians and Hispanics. Subjects were 95 students from a rural, public high school serving primarily low income families.Although no ethnic differences were found, the majority of girls in both samples reported wanting to lose weight, being worried about their weight, and indulging in binge eating. Nine of the girls (11 per cent) reported eating habits consistent with the DMS III (APA, 1980) criteria for bulimia. In contrast, few boys indicated concerns about their weight or eating habits. The results suggest that eating disorders and concern about obesity are found in a variety of ethnic groups in the United States today.
Adolescents initiating cannabis use: cultural opposition or poor mental health?
Authors: Pedersen Willy 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn Norway, the use of cannabis was introduced by a resourceful group of oppositional middle‐class adolescents in the late 1960s. At the beginning of the 1970s there were, however, signs of a change in the recruitment of the users: youths in trouble from lower social levels gradually started to use the drug.In a prospective longitudinal study of 1311 Norwegian pupils aged 13–19, the possible links between normative and political opposition, mental health and the use of cannabis were investigated.The findings indicate that the group that experiments with cannabis, and use the drugs a few times, is still mainly characterized by a political and normative “oppositional” engagement. Heavy users of cannabis, however, also have family problems and suffer from poor mental health.Thus, the study draws attention to the importance of distinguishing between two different clusters of longitudinal predictors for adolescent cannabis use: the first consists of subcultural opposition and certain personality traits, and seems to predict the earlier stages of use. The second consists of psychosocial problems and poor mental health. From this study one may not conclude that this second cluster predicts heavy cannabis involvement. We have, however, shown that it correlates with heavy involvement, cross‐sectionally.
Identification with peers as a strategy to muddle through the troubles of the adolescent years
Authors: Pombeni M.Luisa , Kirchler Erich , Palmonari Augusto 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study was designed to explore critical events during adolescence and coping processes as dependent, first, on the relationship with peers, and second, on the type of peer‐groups teenagers join. In all, 75 young people, members of four street groups and two religious groups, were given a questionnaire assessing identification with their peers and demographic characteristics, and then interviewed about critical events. The results show that the nature of the group individuals join is of minor importance, whereas the relationship established with peers is crucial: highly identified subjects not only more often join their peers but seem to derive more profit from interactions with people in general, both peers, friends, and parents. The peer‐group is important, not to substitute for contacts with the family or other persons, but as a social entity to fill a vacuum during adolescent years.
Adolescent grandchildren's relationships with maternal and paternal grandmothers and grandfathers
Authors: Creasey Gary L. , Koblewski Patricia J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to specify older adolescents' perceptions of relationships with maternal and paternal grandmothers and grandfathers. Late adolescent college students (n = 142) indicated their relationship perceptions of each available biological grandparent on Furman and Buhrmester's Network of Relationships Inventory. Grandparents were not viewed as major targets of intimacy nor were they reported to be the bearers of instrumental aid. However, grandparents, regardless of kinship status, were still rated as important attachment figures to these older adolescents. In general, granddaughters reported better relationships than grandsons, and grandchildren reported more optimal relations with grandmothers. Implications for future research efforts are discussed.
Parents of adolescents: help‐seeking intentions as a function of help sources and parenting issues
Authors: Raviv Amiram , Maddy‐Weitzman Edie , Raviv Alona 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study examined the declared intentions of parents of adolescents to seek help from potential sources for a variety of hypothetical problems related to parenting. The relationship between hypothetical help‐seeking and certain characteristics of the help‐seeker (sex, educational level, parenting self‐confidence, birth order, and sex of the adolescent), and the source of help (natural support system, professional support system, and media); and the problem type were investigated.The research population included 187 parents of adolescents. A questionnaire was formulated for the purpose of the study which examined help‐seeking from nine sources of help on eight hypothetical parenting issues.Intention to seek help was found to be a function of both the particular problem type and the potential source of help. In general, parents declared their intention to seek help from and rely on a variety of sources. It was found that parents said that they were most likely to seek help from their spouses regardless of the issue, whereas professional sources were most likely to be consulted in their are of expertise.
Correlates of appearance anxiety in late adolescence and early adulthood among young women
Authors: Keelan J.Patrick R. , Dion Karen K. , Dion Kenneth L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe relation of childhood and early adolescent social experiences with young women's concern over physical appearance (appearance anxiety) in late adolescence and early adulthood was examined. Female under‐graduates completed questionnaires assessing appearance anxiety and a questionnaire assessing childhood and early adolescent experiences hypothesized to relate to appearance anxiety as well as current behaviors hypothesized to reflect it. The results suggest that appearance anxiety in women is related to reported negative social experiences in childhood and early adolescence. These experiences were suggested to lead to dissatis‐faction with their childhood and early adolescent appearances which in turn was related to appearance anxiety in late adolescence and early adulthood. Appearance anxiety was also found to be related to current social experiences. The most obvious manifestation of appearance anxiety in young women was relatively greater reported attention to improving their appearance.
Genetic study of alcoholism and novel gene expression in the alcoholic brain
Authors: Fan Li , Bellinger Frederick , Ge Yong‐Liang , Wilce Peter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAlcohol dependence may result from neuroadaptation involving alteration of gene expression after long‐term alcohol exposure. The systematic study of gene expression profiles of the human alcoholic brain was initiated using the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐differential display and was followed by DNA microarray. To date, more than 100 alcohol‐responsive genes have been identified from the frontal cortex, motor cortex and nucleus accumbens of the human brain. These genes have a wide range of functions in the brain and indicate diverse actions of alcohol on neuronal function. This review discusses the current information on the genetic basis of alcoholism and the induction and characterization of these alcohol‐responsive genes.
Functional changes in dopamine D3 receptors by prenatal and neonatal exposure to an endocrine disruptor bisphenol‐A in mice
Authors: Mizuo Keisuke , Narita Minoru , Yoshida Takuya , Narita Michiko , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBisphenol‐A (BPA), one of the most common environmental endocrine disrupters, has been evaluated extensively for toxicity and carcinogenicity. However, little is still known about its action on the central nervous system (CNS). In the previous study, we found that prenatal and neonatal exposure to BPA markedly enhanced the rewarding effect induced by morphine. Here we found that prenatal and neonatal exposure to BPA resulted in the attenuation of dopamine D3 receptor‐mediated G‐protein activation by 7‐OH‐DPAT in the mouse limbic forebrain. This treatment also caused a significant decrease in the B max value of [3H]PD128907, a dopamine D3 receptor ligand, in this area. Under these conditions, no change in dopamine D3 receptor mRNA expression in the limbic forebrain and lower midbrain was observed by prenatal and neonatal exposure to BPA. The present data provide further evidence that prenatal and neonatal exposure to BPA leads to the reduction of functional dopamine D3 receptors without affecting the new synthesis of dopamine D3 receptors in the mouse limbic forebrain.
Σ_{𝑛}-bounding and Δ_{𝑛}-induction
Authors: Slaman Theodore 
Published: April 2004

Working in the base theory ofPA−+IΣ0+exp\mathrm {PA}^- + \mathrm {I}\Sigma _0 +\exp, we show that for alln∈ωn\in \omega, the bounding principle forΣn\Sigma _n-formulas (BΣn\mathrm {B}\Sigma _n) is equivalent to the induction principle forΔn\Delta _n-formulas (IΔn\mathrm {I}\Delta _n). This partially answers a question of J. Paris.
Uniqueness of travelling waves for nonlocal monostable equations
Authors: Carr Jack , Chmaj Adam 
Published: April 2004

We consider a nonlocal analogue of the Fisher-KPP equation
\[

u
t

=
J
∗
u
−
u
+
f
(
u
)
,

x
∈
R
,

f
(
0
)
=
f
(
1
)
=
0
,

f
>
0

on

(
0
,
1
)
,

u_t =J*u-u+f(u),~x\in R,~f(0)=f(1)=0,~f>0 ~\textrm {on}~(0,1),

\]
and its discrete counterpart

u
˙

n

=
(
J
∗
u

)
n

−

u
n

+
f
(

u
n

)

{\dot u}_n =(J*u)_n -u_n +f(u_n )

,

n
∈
Z

n\in Z

, and show that travelling wave solutions of these equations that are bounded between

0
0

and

1
1

are unique up to translation. Our proof requires finding exact a priori asymptotics of a travelling wave. This we accomplish with the help of Ikehara’s Theorem (which is a Tauberian theorem for Laplace transforms).
Effect of aggregation on population recovery modeled by a forward-backward pseudoparabolic equation
Authors: Padrón Víctor 
Published: April 2004

In this paper we study the equation
\[

u
t

=
Δ
(
ϕ
(
u
)
−
λ
f
(
u
)
+
λ

u
t

)
+
f
(
u
)

u_t=\Delta (\phi (u) - \lambda f(u) + \lambda u_t) + f(u)

\]
in a bounded domain of

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

,

d
≥
1

d\ge 1

, with homogeneous boundary conditions of the Neumann type, as a model of aggregating population with a migration rate determined by

ϕ
\phi

, and total birth and mortality rates characterized by

f
f

. We will show that the aggregating mechanism induced by

ϕ
(
u
)

\phi (u)

allows the survival of a species in danger of extinction. Numerical simulations suggest that the solutions stabilize asymptotically in time to a not necessarily homogeneous stationary solution. This is shown to be the case for a particular version of the function

ϕ
(
u
)

\phi (u)

.
Recent advances in the Langlands Program
Authors: Frenkel Edward 
Published: April 2004

These are the notes for the lecture given by the author at the “Mathematical Current Events" Special Session of the AMS meeting in Baltimore on January 17, 2003. Topics reviewed include the Langlands correspondence for

G
L
(
n
)

GL(n)

in the function field case and its proof by V. Drinfeld and L. Lafforgue; the geometric Langlands correspondence for

G
L
(
n
)

GL(n)

and its proof by D. Gaitsgory, K. Vilonen and the author; and the work of A. Beilinson and V. Drinfeld on the quantization of the Hitchin system and the Langlands correspondence for an arbitrary semisimple algebraic group.
Olprinone improves diaphragmatic contractility and fatigability during abdominal sepsis in a rat model
Authors: Miyakawa H. , Oishi K. , Hagiwara S. , Kira S. , Kitano T. , Iwasaka H. , Noguchi T. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Respiratory failure with diaphragmatic fatigability is common in patients suffering sepsis or septic shock. However, the development and progress of diaphragmatic fatigability remains poorly understood, and no method has been established to treat fatigability. In this study, we hypothesize that neutrophil activation contributes to the development of diaphragmatic fatigability. We also sought to investigate whether a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, olprinone, improves diaphragmatic fatigability associated with abdominal sepsis and inhibits an increase in myeloperoxidase activity in diaphragmatic muscle.Methods:  Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a sham group, coecal legation perforation group (CLP), and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE) pretreated group. At 16 h after surgical procedure, the left hemidiaphragm was removed for the measurement of diaphragmatic contractility and fatigability. In addition, for the measurement of serial changes in myeloperoxidase activity, the right hemidiaphragm was also removed at 4, 8 or 16 h after the surgical procedure in each group.Results:  In a septic model involving rats, we observed that diaphragmatic muscles were fatigable and myeloperoxidase activity increased. We also demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of olprinone improves diaphragmatic fatigability and inhibits an increase in myeloperoxidase activity induced by abdominal sepsis.Conclusion:  Olprinone represents a potential therapy for cases of respiratory failure with diaphragmatic fatigability resulting from inhibition of neutrophil activation.
High‐dose bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in axillary brachial plexus block
Authors: Liisanantti O. , Luukkonen J. , Rosenberg P. H. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Racemic bupivacaine is clinically similar to levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine. The drugs were compared in brachial plexus block for the first time in the same randomized and double‐blind study.Methods:  In 90 patients scheduled for hand and forearm surgery, a perivascular axillary brachial plexus block was performed with 45 ml of 5 mg ml−1 of either racemic bupivacaine‐HCl, levobupivacaine‐HCl, or ropivacaine‐HCl. Sensory (cold) and motor (hand clasp, and movement of elbow) block were scored, and the patient was interviewed in the postoperative evening and the following morning. Time to normal function of the arm was registered.Results:  After similar onsets of sensory block, the sum of completely anaesthetized innervation areas of the four main nerves at 45 min was greater in the ropivacaine group than in the levobupivacaine group (P < 0.01). Simultaneously, complete motor block at the elbow was more frequent in the ropivacaine group (67%) than in the bupivacaine (47%) and levobupivacaine groups (30%) (P < 0.01). In the hand, the corresponding results were 83%, 77%, and 57%, respectively (NS). Two patients in the levobupivacaine and one in the ropivacaine group needed general anaesthesia. Mean duration of the blocks was similar in the bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine groups at 19.3 h, 19.5 h, and 17.3 h, respectively (NS). Two patients were dissatisfied with the long block duration.Conclusion:  Ropivacaine‐HCl 5 mg ml−1 produced slightly better sensory and motor block intensity than the same dose of levobupivacaine‐HCl. General success in relation to surgery and in the duration of the blocks was similar in the three groups.
Effect of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid on tissue Na+,K+‐ATPase levels after experimental head trauma
Authors: Yosunkaya A. , Üstün M. E. , Bariskaner H. , Tavlan A. , Gürbilek M. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  A failure of the Na+,K+‐ATPase activity (which is essential for ion flux across the cell membranes) occurs in many pathological conditions and may lead to cell dysfunction or even cell death. By altering the concentration of specific opioid peptides, gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) may change ion flux across cell membranes and produce the ‘channel arrest’ which we assumed will inhibit the failure of Na+,K+‐ATPase activity and therefore lead to energy conservation and cell protection. Therefore we planned this study to see the effects of GHB at two different doses on Na+,K+‐ATPase activity in an experimental head trauma model.Methods:  Forty New Zealand rabbits were divided equally into four groups: group I was the sham‐operated group, group II (untreated group), group III received head trauma and intravenous (i.v.) 500 mg/kg GHB and group IV received head trauma and i.v. 50 mg/kg GHB. Head trauma was delivered by performing a craniectomy over the right hemisphere and dropping a weight of 10 g from a height of 80 cm. The non‐traumatized (left) side was named as ‘a’ and the traumatized (right) side as ‘b’. One hour after the trauma in groups II and III and craniotomy in group I, brain cortices were resected from both sides and in group I only from the right side was the tissue Na‐K‐ATPase activity determined.Results:  The mean ± SD of Na+,K+‐ATPase levels of each group are as follows: group I – 5.97 ± 0.55; group IIa – 3.90 ± 1.08; group IIb – 3.58 ± 0.90; group IIIa – 5.53 ± 0.60; group IIIb – 5.33 ± 0.88; group IVa – 5.05 ± 0.72; group IVb – 4.93 ± 0.67. The Na+,K+‐ATPase levels of group IIa, IIb, IVa and IVb were significantly different from group S (P < 0.05). There were also significant differences between group IIa and groups IIIa and IVa; group IIb and groups IIIb and IVb (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  We conclude that GHB is effective in suppressing the decrease in Na+,K+‐ATPase levels in brain tissue at two different dose schedules after head trauma.
The analgesic effect of morphine on postoperative pain in diabetic patients
Authors: Karci A. , Tasdogen A. , Erkin Y. , Aktaş G. , Elar Z. 
Published: April 2004

Background:  Many clinical and experimental studies have suggested that diabetes or hyperglycemia alter opioid responsiveness. However, little information is available on the effects of diabetes mellitus on opioid requirements in the postoperative period.Methods:  Sixty‐four patients scheduled for elective, total abdominal hysterectomy were included into this prospective study to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on morphine requirement in the postoperative period. A loading dose of morphine (50 µg kg−1) was administered in the perioperative period. Postoperative analgesia consisted of intravenous morphine‐PCA. No analgesic other than morphine was allowed during the study. In cases of inadequate analgesia intravenous 1 mg of morphine was given as a rescue analgesic. Cumulative morphine consumption, pain scores and morphine‐related adverse effects were recorded.Results:  A total of 60 patients were evaluated: Group D, 30; and Group ND, 30. Patients in Group D received more morphine than those in Group ND (54.12 ± 25.09 and 42.66 ± 20.67, respectively). The difference in cumulative morphine consumption was higher in the first hour (P = 0.037) in diabetic patients and they required significantly more morphine in the last 24 h (P = 0.015). Postoperative pain scores were higher in the diabetic group. More patients in the diabetic group required rescue medication (26 vs. 19) and felt nauseous (25 vs. 14; P = 0.003).Conclusion:  The findings of the study appear to support experimental and clinical impressions that the analgesic effect of morphine is attenuated in hyperglycemic conditions. Therefore, larger doses of morphine may be administered to diabetic patients for effective postoperative analgesia.