bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pericarotid Syndrome
Authors: Vijayan N. , Watson Craig 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSix patients with a syndrome characterized by oculosympathetic paralysis, ipsilateral head pain, and anhidrosis over the forehead with otherwise intact facial sweating are described. Thirty‐one similar cases have been collected from literature which have been designated in the past as either “paratrigeminal” or “Raeder's” syndrome. These cases, however, do not resemble very much the five original cases described by Raeder nor is the location of oculosympathetic paralysis “paratrigeminal.” Clinical evidences from a detailed study of these thirty‐seven cases, animal and human experimental evidences, and observations from our own dissections are presented to establish the fact that the site of lesion of the oculosympathetic fibers in these patients is “pericarotid” and not “paratrigeminal.” This clinico‐anatomical study also helps to better understand the exact course taken by the oculosympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to reach the various structures in the orbit. Probable pathogenesis and causative factors of this syndrome are also discussed.
Complement and Immune Complex Studies in Migraine
Authors: Lord G.D.A. , Duckworth J.W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISSerum complement component levels were measured in sera from those migraineurs who experience premonitory focal neurological symptoms (prodromal) and immune complexes were sought in sera from both prodromal and non‐prodromal migraineurs. Comparison was made between headache‐free, onset and late headache samples in these determinations.Serum complement component levels were shown not to change with migraine, in prodromal migraineurs. This contrasts with non‐prodromal migraineurs in whom we have previously reported complement activation via the classical pathway at the onset of headache.Classical pathway activation of complement is most commonly initiated by immune complexes and these were sought using a CIq precipitation technique. Circulating immune complexes were only detected in sera from non‐prodromal migraineurs. In this group of patients there was a significant correlation between the presence of immune complexes and the onset of headache.These results indicate the occurrence of an immune reaction at the headache onset in non‐prodromal migraineurs but not in prodromal migraineurs. An immune complex mediated immune response could account for many of the reported phenomena in migraine including platelet aggregation and 5‐HT release and basophil and mast cell degranulation. The timing and transient nature of the immune reaction argues for its having a causative role in the attacks of migraineurs without prodromes.
Controlled Trials of Cimetidine in Migraine and Cluster Headache
Authors: Anthony M. , Lord G.D.A. , Lance J.W. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISControlled double‐blind trials of the histamine H2‐receptor antagonist, cimetidine, alone and in combination with the histamine H1‐receptor antagonist, chlorpheniramine, in 24 patients with migraine and 20 patients with cluster headache, showed that these agents were ineffective in prophylaxis. The reason for this may lie in the fact that induced intracellular histamine does not act via receptors and does not necessarily negate the hypothesis that histamine plays a role in the pathogenesis of vascular headaches.
Testosterone Levels in Cluster and Non‐Cluster Migrainous Headache Patients
Authors: Nelson Robert F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn a study of 30 cluster headache sufferers compared with 30 men suffering from classical migraine, no significant difference in plasma testosterone levels could be detected. On examination of individual patients it is noted that three patients suffering from chronic cluster headache did have values below the normal range. However, an equal number of sufferers from classical migraine also had low values. All of four female patients suffering from cluster headache had elevated male hormone levels. Speculations are offered as to why hormone variations may be found in these conditions. Further studies will be undertaken in an effort to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this distressing disorder.
Some Clinical Features of the Acute Migraine Attack. An Analysis of 750 Patients
Authors: Olesen Jes 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISClinical features of 750 patients seen with an acute migraine attack at the Copenhagen Acute Headache Clinic were analyzed. In 47% pain quality was pulsating, in 42% pressing and in 11% other types. Unilateral pain was seen in 56% and bilateral in 44%. Half the patients had interictal headaches. In patients with severe pain the quality was significantly more often pulsating. Patients with bioccipital headache had significantly less visual disturbances than patients with other pain locations. On the basis of these findings the currently accepted definitions of migraine are criticized and a new and more precise definition is proposed. Considerable amounts of tenderness was found in the chewing and neck muscles. The location of tenderness corresponded largely to the location of the pain. Patients with associated symptoms and with pulsating pain quality had significantly more tenderness. There was no correlation between the duration of the attacks and the amount of muscle tenderness. Based on these data and other clinical evidence it is proposed that the muscle tenderness during a migraine attack is not secondary to migrainous pain but rather yet another manifestation of the attack and probably responsible for the pain.
Cluster Headache ‐ Pneumoencephalographic and Cerebral Computerized Axial Tomography Findings
Authors: Russell D. , Nakstad P. , Sjaastad O. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty‐eight cluster headache patients have been examined by CT scanning (Delta scan 25), during symptomatic cluster periods. Prior to the introduction of CT scanning, 14 of these patients had been examined by pneumoencephalography, the interval between the two investigations varying between two and six years.Borderline enlargement of the ventricles was assessed as being present in three of the pneumoencephalographic examinations, but in only one of the CT scan examinations. One other patient showed slight cortical atrophy on both pneumoencephalography and CT scanning. None of the 28 patients examined by CT scanning showed cerebral parenchymal low densitometric areas, similar to those previously described on CT scan examination of some patients with severe migraine.
Accessory Nerve Palsy ‐ A Painful Cranial Neuropathy: Surgical Cure
Authors: Cherington Michael , Hendee Robert , Roland Ralph 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe accessory nerve can be inadvertently traumatized at the time of lymph node biopsy. The resulting shoulder and occipital pain is severe and disabling. The pain from damage to the Eleventh Cranial nerve can be as agonizing as the painful syndromes relating to the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves. In addition to the severe pain, patients suffer from motor disability and cosmetic deformity associated with a drooping shoulder.
Iris Adrenergic Impairment in Idiopathic Headache
Authors: Fanciullacci Marcello 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAdrenergic iris neurons were pharmacologically studied in 30 migraineurs, 11 cluster headaches and 30 controls.The pupillary diameter was measured by photographic technique. When compared with controls, migraineurs showed minor fenfluramine mydriasis and greater, more prolonged guanethidine miosis. No significant differences between the affected and unaffected side were observed by testing with guanethidine in unilateral migraineurs.A poor concentration and synthesis of noradrenaline in the pupil terminals is hypothesized. Moreover, increased mydriasis observed with phenylephrine suggests alpha adrenoceptor supersensitivity from a defect of neuronal transmitter.In cluster headaches, only a minor tyramine mydriasis was found in the affected pupil. This suggests low availability of neuronal transmitter or a defect of the synaptic tyramine re‐uptake in the affected cluster pupil. A disorder of the iris adrenergic neurons could mirror an impairment in the central aminergic systems of idiopathic headaches.
Platelet Serotonin (5‐HT) and 5‐HT Releasing Factor in Plasma of Migrainous Patients
Authors: Mück‐Šeler Dorotea , Deanovic Zivan , Dupelj Milivoj 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe mean platelet 5‐HT concentration in 24 migrainous patients during headache‐free intervals (580 ± 53.3 ng109 platelets, M ± SEM) was similar to that found in 25 healthy persons (550 ± 48.1). A significant fall in platelet 5‐HT level (about 15% p<0.05) was found during migraine attacks as compared with headache‐free intervals. When platelets from blood collected during headache‐free intervals were incubated with platelet‐poor plasma taken from another migrainous patient in attack, the 5‐HT content diminished by 22%. On the other hand, plasma taken in the headache‐free period did not produce a considerable release of platelet 5‐HT. Moreover, plasma from migrainous sufferers in the attack did not elicit 5‐HT release from platelets of healthy persons. These results lend support to the hypothesis that a 5‐HT releasing factor appears in plasma during the migraine attack, and that some platelet abnormality is present in these patients.
MMPI Pattern Specificity in Primary Headache Disorders
Authors: Kudrow Lee , Sutkus Bruce J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISMMPI' were obtained from 258 untreated headache patients, of whom 113 were males and 145 females. The diagnostic headache categories included: 1. Migraine alone; 2. Chronic scalp muscle contraction headache (SMC); 3. Combination headache (migraine and SMC); 4. Cluster headache; 5. Post‐traumatic cephalgia (P‐T); 6. conversion cephalgia.Mean scores of the validity and clinical scales were calculated and compared between diagnostic categories; males considered separately from females. As a result of this comparison, three significantly distinct groups, two categories per group, were obtained; Group A, migraine and cluster; Group B, SMC and combination headaches; Group C, P‐T and conversion cephalgia. This grouping applied to women and men similarly.In a spectrum of from most normal to most neurotic patterns, Group A was followed by Groups B and C respectively. Significant "conversion v" patterns were found in women with SMC, P‐T, and conversion cephalgia, and in men with combination headache.In an effort to determine the predictability of correct diagnoses from MMPI patterns, selective criteria were generated and tested in a blind fashion using an additional 83 coded MMPI'. The accuracy of predictability exceeded the .001 level.
Sex Hormones, Prolactin Levels, Osmolarity and Electrolyte Patterns in Menstrual Migraine‐Relationship with Fluid Retention
Authors: Nattero G. , Bisbocci D. , Ceresa F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to evaluate a possible connection between fluid retention and menstrual crisis, sex hormones, prolactin levels, osmolarity and electrolyte patterns were investigated in a carefully selected group of migrainous women with regular menses and chronological pre‐menstrual attacks. These include: a) osmolarity, in the span between the two menstrual cycles; b) estradiol, progesterone, prolactin and electrolytes in the follicular and luteal stage, and again immediately before the menstrual attack; c) aldosterone rhythm in the follicular and luteal stages, and again immediately before and during the migraine crisis.Higher plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were found in the migraine patients group when compared with the control group. Also prolactin levels appeared to be slightly higher in the migraine group, but no statistical significance had been obtained. In migraine sufferers, osmolarity values fell during the menstrual attack.Our findings regarding aldosterone changes, as we had previously shown, may explain fluid retention in menstrual migraine sufferers. However a causal relationship is still open to question.
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicranial: Mechanical Precipitation of Attacks
Authors: Sjaastad O. , Egge K. , Hørven I. , Kayed K. , Lund‐Roland L. , Russell D. , Conradi I. SIørdahl 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSIS,Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) is a cluster headache variant, characterized by daily, frequent, unilateral, excruciatingly severe but rather short lasting headache attacks, which will not surface during chronic indomethacin medication. Three of five patients with an established diagnosis of CPH were able to precipitate attacks by head flexion (or rotation), whereas this ability was not detected in any of 40 patients with regular cluster headache. Attacks with associated unilateral tearing, conjunctival injection, slight miosis, ptosis and headache may start 4–15 second after beginning of head flexion. Precipitated and spontaneous attacks seem identical both clinically and as far as the immediate increment in corneal indentation pulse (CIP) amplitudes and intraocular pressure are concerned.There are various alternative explanations for the underlying mechanism, the most plausible of which concerns sympathetic nerve involvement.
A Retrospective Assessment of Emergency Department Patients with Complaint of Headache
Authors: Dhopesh Vasant , Anwar Rebecca , Herring Christina 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA one year retrospective assessment of emergency department patient charts with the chief complaint of headache revealed two major categories: (1) general infections; (2) tension headaches. Although somewhat small, a number of cases were categorized as post‐traumatic, migraine, and hypertension‐related headaches. Only 11 patients out of 872 or 1.2 per cent had serious neurological conditions. It is concluded that the vast majority of headaches seen in the emergency department are benign in nature.
Painful Ophthalmoplegia: Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Without Mydriasis Due to Compression by Aneurysm
Authors: Román‐Campos Gustavo , Edwards Keith R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with a previously diagnosed left Horner's syndrome suddenly developed severe pain in the left eye and diplopia. Ipsilateral third cranial nerve palsy was present, but the pupil remained small and minimally reactive. A carotid angiogram showed a large aneurysm of the left internal carotid‐posterior communicating junction. Pain was only relieved after successful clipping of the aneurysm and liberation of the third nerve. The effects of combined sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation of the pupil and the mechanism of their development in regard to the differential diagnosis of painful ophthalmoplegia are discussed.
Visual Evoked Potentials in Menstrual Migraine
Authors: Lehtonen J. , Hyyppä M. T. , Kaihola H‐L. , Kangasniemi P. , Lang A. H. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISVisual evoked potentials (VEP) were recorded and plasma estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH hormones were determined in a group of patients with menstrual migraine and in healthy controls. Consistent differences from controls were found in the VEPs of migraine patients, justifying the use of VEP recording as a method of investigating the neurophysiology of migraine. The VEPs were not dependent on the hormonal cycle, except for responses to flashes 10/sec which in healthy persons were higher in the luteal phase. This was less clear in migraine patients. Some of the patients showed strong asymmetrical VEP distortion, which was always transient; follow‐up revealed later normalisation. The transient and asymmetrical VEP distortion seemed to relate to the asymmetrical symptoms of migraine, but a direct connection between the two was not established.
HLA Antigens in Migraine
Authors: O'Neill Brian P. , Kapur Janet J. , Good Armin E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFifty consecutive patients with migraine headaches were evaluated for the presence of 10 HLA‐A and 14 HLA‐B antigens by means of the microlymphocytotoxicity assay. Comparisons were made between classical and common migraine, and between patients with and without a family history of migraine. All groups of patients showed an association with B8 and B27, which failed to reach clinical significance. This data suggests that the multifactorial inheritance postulated for migraine probably does not require the participation of the HLA‐A or B locus of the major histocompatibility complex.
Headache and Its Treatment: A Random Sample Survey
Authors: Turner Dan B. , Stone Alan J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache characteristics, diagnosis, current treatments, and treatment efficacy of a random sample of the general population were examined as a result of a verbally‐administered questionnaire. The factors of prevalence, frequency, intensity, and duration of the average headache were found to be similar to the findings of earlier studies. Original data on diagnosis, prescribed treatment, and its effectiveness is provided. The findings suggest that further research attention should focus on investigating more effective methods of treatment.
Tranquilizers and Mood Elevators in the Treatment of Migraine: An Analysis of the Migraine Foundation Questionnaire
Authors: Parnell Penny , Cooperstock Ruth 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA sample of 1,500 self‐report mailed questionnaires distributed by the Migraine Foundation was analyzed To provide basic information on a large number of migraine sufferers in Canada, and more specifically to examine the extent of use and the perceived efficacy of tranquilizers and mood elevators by migraine sufferers.Data were presented on family history, headache history and type of migraine, triggers, physicians/specialist contacts, the extent and efficacy of both drug and non‐drug treatments, and suspected addiction. For each of these topics, the limitations of this data, unique or interesting findings and areas deserving further investigation were discussed.The analysis of the data on tranquilizers and mood elevators indicated that these drugs had been used by approximately 41% of migraine sufferers at some time. In general, the type of migraine did not appear to determine who received the tranquilizing and mood elevating agents. Females were more prone to both migraine and to the use of any of the classes of medication. Tranquilizers and mood elevators, considered to be moderately efficacious, ranked below the prescription pain killers, many of the special migraine medications and many of the non‐drug treatments.
The Value of Biofeedback in the Treatment of Chronic Headache: A Five‐Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Diamond Seymour , Medina Jose , Diamond‐Falk Judi , DeVeno Theresa 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA five‐year retrospective study was conducted with patients who had completed training with thermal and electromyograph feedback and muscle relaxation exercises. The purpose was to examine the long‐term effects of biofeedback training on headache problems. A questionnaire was mailed to all 556 patients who had completed training between September, 1972 and January, 1977. Patients were asked to measure the effects of biofeedback training on their headache problems, i.e., no improvement, transient improvement, or long‐term improvement. 407 questionnaires were completed and returned. The role of such variables as age at time of training, sex, the presence of a habituation problem prior to training, and time elapsed since training were analysed and found to significantly influence the success of biofeedback training. A trend was seen within the diagnosis variable. The most successful biofeedback candidate was found to be a female under 30 years of age who was not habituated to medication and without depressive symptoms, diagnosed as suffering from vascular headaches. It can be concluded from the results that biofeedback training is a successful form of therapy in treating headache problems.
Reliability of Headache Questionnaire Data
Authors: Thompson J. Kevin , Collins Frank L. 
Published: June 2005

SynopsisThe self‐report questionnaire is the most common data collection procedure used in normative headache investigations. However, reliability data for such an instrument is notably lacking in the headache literature. In the present study, the reliability of questions commonly used in headache questionnaire assessment was evaluated. One hundred and one college students were given a headache questionnaire twice, with three months separating the administrations. As a group, the subjects were very reliable as indicated by highly significant (p <.001) correlations. However, differences were noted when the subject population was divided into “problem headache” and “non‐problem headache” groups on the basis of reported headache frequency and severity. There was a tendency for the “problem headache” group to be less reliable reporters of headache severity and accompanying symptoms. Results are discussed with regard to the need for more research into symptom reliability and its facilitative effect on the development of a standard headache assessment instrument.
Vasospasm and Vascular Headaches: Selective Vasoconstriction in the Carotid Vascular System Measured by the Doppler Ophthalmic Method in Migraineurs
Authors: Otis S. M. , Smith R. A. , Kroll A. D. , Krasny S. E. , Seltzer K. A. , Dalessio D. J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISWith the finding of significant extracranial cerebral vascular disease in 60–70% of patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA), increased emphasis has been placed on the early detection of extracranial vascular lesions by noninvasive methods. The Doppler Ophthalmic Test (DOT), introduced in 1970 is one such technique. DOT's are abnormal in a significant percentage of patients (5‐12%) found not to have extracranial vascular disease by angiography. Three thousand DOT's performed in a 3 12 year period at the Hospital of Scripps Clinic were re‐examined. 37.2% of the positive sonograms occurred in patients with severe vascular headaches. Since migrainous patients have altered vasomotor function, it is suggested that the abnormal DOT represents a significant degree of vasoconstriction in the internal carotid or ophthalmic arteries. It is suggested further that persistence of vasoconstriction is related to complicated migraine and may, in part, be responsible for the increased occurrence of stroke in migraine patients.
Thermographic and Doppler Flow Asymmetry in Cluster Headache
Authors: Kudrow Lee 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISBilateral examination of supraorbital and frontal arteries in 26 patients were examined by the Doppler flow technique. In 70% of the patients, ipsilateral flow was diminished when compared to contralateral flow, during interim periods. An additional 5 patients were tested during the cluster attack and in 10 to 15 minute intervals, for I hour, following administration of sublingual ergotamine tartrate. Measurements of blood flow velocity revealed: ipsilateral decrese during the attack; marked increase 10 to 15 minutes following ergot administration; and a slow decline toward baseline by one hour. Doppler flow examination was supplemented by facial thermography in an additional 20 patients, of whom 7 had not used medication, 6 had been treated prophylactically without success, and 7 successfully treated. The results indicated that when treatment was successful, velocity values were higher on the ipsilateral side in most patients (p<.01), as were thermographic values (p<.001). Most patients, either untreated or unsuccessfully treated had lower Doppler and thermographic values ipsilaterally (p<.001), in agreement with data obtained earlier in this study. Although the results of this study clearly challenges the suggestion that the cluster attack is due to vasodilatation, it does not provide an explanation for pain nor establishes the presence of absolute vasoconstriction. It does suggest that extracranial vasodilatation and increased CBF observed during attacks, may be compensatory responses to internal carotid artery spasm.