bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of location and method of tooth preparation on aerosol and splatter mitigation
Authors: Yemitan Tolulase A. , Ladeji Adeola M. , Adenuga-Taiwo Olugbenga A. , Awotile Adenike O. , Kareem Samson A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives: This study investigated the influence of tooth position within the quadrant and method of tooth preparation on aerosol and splatter reduction by suction techniques.

Materials and methods: Using four suction techniques, tooth preparation was done using fast handpiece and combined air and water spray on tooth #28, #29 and #30. Splatter, aerosol and total sound generated were recorded. Two-way analysis of variance and posthoc pairwise comparisons compared amount of aerosol, spatter and total sound among suction techniques, tooth location and method of preparation.

Results: There were statistically significant more splatter (P < 0.000) for tooth preparation with air and water spray compared with high-speed handpiece for all suction techniques, but no significant difference in aerosol and total sound (P > 0.05) was recorded. A significant reduction in environmental splatter during tooth preparation of the distal tooth #30 by all suction methods was observed compared with tooth #28. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of face shield, chest, right arm and left arm splatter, aerosol and total sound based on tooth location. Overall, the prototype suction device had statistically significant less environmental splatter (P < 0.001) and aerosol (P = 0.004) than the conventional HVE device.

Conclusions: The method of tooth preparation affected splatter mitigation by suction techniques but had no influence on aerosol mitigation. Mitigation of environmental splatter by suction techniques was affected by tooth position within the arch. The prototype suction device reduced environmental spatter and aerosol more than the conventional HVE device.
Clinical Significance: The variations observed in aerosol and splatter mitigation based on tooth preparation methods and tooth location provides evidence for adjunctive means of reducing risk of direct transmission of infection in the dental practice such as combining strategies of protective equipment, improved room ventilation and use of air filtration system.
Present day changes in Mathematical Research
Authors: Iweobodo Daniel C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this work, various changes and developments in the field of mathematics were considered. To achieve this, trends generally and how they have affected the subject of mathematics were discussed, with consideration on some areas of trends in mathematics in the 1990s, identifying some notable developments in mathematics today, and some of the most current areas of developments in the field of mathematics and their effect between 2010 and today. In the course of these considerations, it was discovered that the subject of mathematics has experienced a lot of changes and evolutions over the years, and the application of mathematics today has grown beyond just physics and engineering but in many other fields. Computer has been identified as very important and useful in the current day mathematics, and mathematics also has been identified as very important and useful in computer science too. Also, it has been noticed that some concepts of hybridization as a result of the combination of mathematics and other fields now exist today, thereby promoting inter-field study. At the end of the work, the study revealed some changes which have occurred in the field of mathematics over the years, reiterated some applicable areas in mathematics today which occurred as a result of trends in mathematics in the 1990s, reiterated the importance and wide presence of computer in the current day mathematics and the importance and wide presence of mathematics in core areas of computer science and also identified some hybridized concepts which erupted as a result of the combination of mathematics and other fields.
Machine learning methods in the detection of brain tumors
Authors: Reszke Maria , Smaga Łukasz 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Brain tumor is a very serious disease from which many people die every day. Appropriate early diagnosis is extremely important in treatment. In recent years, machine learning methods have come to the aid of doctors, allowing them to automate the process of brain tumor detection. It is a useful tool that can support doctors in their daily work. We consider here the use of machine learning methods to detect brain tumors based on magnetic resonance images. We use artificial neural networks to classify the images into those containing and those without a brain tumor. More specifically, we apply convolutional neural networks on appropriately transformed input data. The three proposed convolutional neural network models were created based on the pre-trained VGG19, DenseNet-121, and InceptionV3 networks, which achieved an accuracy of 92.59%, with areas under the ROC curve ranging from 0.95 to 0.96. The precision, sensitivity, and F1-score are also satisfactory and promising. These results are better than those for the models presented on the Kaggle platform.
Aberrant Crypt Foci - Endpoint in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Marilena Stoian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) can be used as the endpoint in colorectal cancer development because aberrant crypts are postulated to be the earliest identifiable potential precursors of colorectal cancer. ACF were first described by Bird and defined as crypt that: (1) have altered luminal openings; (2) exhibit thickened epithelia; (3) are larger than adjacent normal crypts. ACF may eventually evolve into polyps and, subsequently, colorectal cancer in the case of adenoma-carcinoma sequence; it provides a simple and economical tool for preliminary screening of potential chemopreventive agents, and it allows a quantitative assessment of the mechanisms of colon carcinogenesis.
ACF are morphological lesions that represent an early stage in the stepwise progression of colon cancer. These surface abnormalities often appear in the distal colon within 2 weeks of carcinogen treatment. Sequential analyses suggest that these early lesions increase in size and multiplicity and often exhibit nuclear atypia and dysplasia. ACF also shows increased proliferative activity, growth factor signaling and K-Ras mutations, suggesting that at least a subset of ACF are putative precursors of colon cancer. Human ACF shares a similar morphology and is present in grossly normal-appearing colon tissue from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been suggested that the nature and order of acquired genetic changes can profoundly impact ACF morphology and the likelihood of tumor progression. Although limited in numbers, flat dysplastic ACF appeared to be more likely to become tumors than the elevated ACF. Clearly, the expanding diversity of ACF identified in rodent carcinogen models provides researchers with exciting new tools for studying the earliest stages of CRC. Lesions characterized in these models may ultimately become useful for predicting cancer risk in humans.
The Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Infection on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Neculăesei Sabina , Anghel Răzvan , Costache Alexandru - Dan , Mitu Florin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, which leads to a severe acute respiratory syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 infection has had a catastrophic impact globally, resulting in more than 6 million deaths worldwide.
Viral myocarditis has proven to be a major complication of COVID-19, with distinct inflammatory characteristics, which makes it unique compared to other viral etiologies. Although the incidence of myocarditis caused by COVID-19 is not yet well understood, it has been demonstrated that the risk of viral myocarditis increases directly with the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
We are presenting the case of a 33-year-old patient with no known personal medical history prior to the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection, who developed viral myocarditis. In context of myocarditis, severe aortic stenosis was detected, which had developed on a pre-existing bicuspid aortic valve.
Complement Blockade, a New Therapeutic Approach in Malignant Hypertension
Authors: Achim Camelia-Adriana , Voicu-Titere Cătălina , Nae Georgiana Aurelia , Florescu Daniela-Gabriela , Moisa Rareș-Vasilica , Ismail Gener 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) represents a major challenge due to its rare nature and severe impact on patients, characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. This paper describes the case of a 41-year-old patient diagnosed with aHUS in the context of malignant arterial hypertension and severe renal impairment, manifested by anuria and significant azotemic retention syndrome. The complex management of the case, including the use of Eculizumab, a complement inhibitor, highlighted significant therapeutic benefits, especially in improving hematological parameters. Despite a positive response, challenges related to dosing, monitoring treatment efficacy, and maintaining remission without relapses emphasize the need for adapted therapeutic strategies and a deeper understanding of the disease mechanisms. This case also highlights the importance of individualized approaches and consideration of the possible benefits of dose adjustments based on specific clinical and pharmacological parameters, as well as continuous evaluation of treatment efficacy and safety, in the context of such a variable and potentially devastating syndrome as aHUS.
Domination in Plithogenic product fuzzy graphs
Authors: Bharathi T. , Leo S. , Davvaz B. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The notion of Plithogenic vertex domination and Plithogenic edge domination in Plithogenic product fuzzy graphs (PPFGs) has been newly introduced and discussed based on P-weights of P-vertices and P-edges respectively with properties, results and examples. Plithogenic vertex domination number and Plithogenic edge domination number for a Plithogenic product fuzzy graph (PPFG), and the bounds and algorithms for and the maximum and minimum values and algorithms for the same are also investigatedthe same are also investigated. Perfect Plithogenic vertex domination and perfect Plithogenic edge domination are presented as special cases of Plithogenic vertex domination and Plithogenic edge domination respectively. It is observed that the P-vertex (P-edge) with the maximum P-weight exists in every Plithogenic vertex (edge) dominating set of a Plithogenic product fuzzy graph. The novelty in these ideas of domination is that a better perception of reality can be obtained through the analysis of both, Plithogenic vertex domination and Plithogenic edge domination, in any Plithogenic product fuzzy graphical structure.
Determining the Location of Steel Reinforcement in Thick Concrete Walls by Non-Destructive Inspection
Authors: Al-Neshawy Fahim , Puttonen Jari 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Concrete cover is the thickness of the concrete layer that protects the reinforcing steel bars (rebar) within a reinforced concrete structure. It acts as a barrier against external elements such as moisture, chemicals, and environmental factors, safeguarding the rebar from corrosion. Concrete cover measurement is performed by using various nondestructive tests such as GPS (Ground Penetrating Radar), electromagnetic test and ultrasonic. The main benefit of the concrete cover thickness measurement is to explain the causes of corrosion and identify areas that have the capability to corrode faster.
This paper discusses the possibilities to measure the concrete cover depth and determine the location of steel bars of a thick-walled concrete structure by using different nondestructive testing methods. The methods studied are a concrete cover meter, Ground Penetrating Radar, which is based on propagation radar waves in concrete, and Ultrasonic Pulse Echo tomography based on stress waves produced by ultrasonic pulses. The paper demonstrates the use of these methods for in-situ measurements on a thick-walled reinforced concrete structure. The concrete cover depth and the location for the reinforcement bars received by different methods are compared and the strong and weak points of the methods are discussed.
The results indicate that the concrete cover meter is suitable for measuring the thickness of concrete cover, while the Ground Penetrating Radar and the Ultrasonic Pulse Echo device were able to identify and locate the reinforcement bars position in the concrete structure.
Sudden Changes in Workability during Concrete Pumping – An Industrial Approach
Authors: Mortensvik Øystein , Thorstensen Rein Terje 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pumping is the preferred placement method for concrete. The pumping process influences fresh properties of concrete. Competent producers handle these issues when composing the mix design. However, sudden changes in workability sometimes appear, both in the form of increased and decreased workability. Both changes might be handled on-site. However, even the situations that are sufficiently handled, cause delays and extra costs. Sometimes the final result’s quality is compromised, resulting in repairs and economic compensation claims. The extent and causes of incidents with sudden changes in workability are still to be investigated.
It is suggested that around 1 100 000 m3 or 30% of concrete experience sudden change in workability annually in Norway, and that 200 000 kg of chemical admixtures is used on-site. It appears that the most relevant cause is to find within variations in the fine aggregate. Increase in workability might also be caused by lack of compatibility between superplasticiser and binding materials in low-carbon concrete, enhanced by the extra mixing process caused by the pumping process.
To approach these questions, the Quality Assessment system of a medium-sized Norwegian concrete producer has been investigated. It comprises documentation of 1 500 000 m3 of concrete, over 10 years.
Limitations of current loss estimation methods and recommendations to improve the assessment of post-disaster impacts of extreme events in Poland
Authors: Siwiec Ewelina , Dubel Anna , Walczykiewicz Tomasz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article aims to identify the limitations of the method used in Poland to estimate losses caused by natural extreme phenomena [e.g., floods, flooding, heavy rainfall, strong winds, spring frosts and negative effects of wintering] and to propose recommendations that will improve our ability to assess the impact of extreme events in the country. Information about issues related to the adopted method for estimating the effects of natural extreme phenomena in the country was gathered through a survey conducted with participants in the damage and loss estimation process. This article focuses on examining the method of estimating losses applied after the occurrence of a specific event [ex-post].
The method of estimating losses and the method of collecting data on losses in Poland does not guarantee comprehensive information on the effects of natural extreme events. Limited access to reliable data increases the uncertainty of research related to assessing the impact of extreme events on the environment, society and economy. The conducted research allowed us to develop recommendations, which were divided into two groups: the near- and long-term. They include the implementation of a system for collecting data on the effects of disasters, the development of methods to assess the social and long-term impact of extreme events and the development of methods involving satellite remote sensing and airborne laser scanning.
Pharmacokinetics of Glutapyrone and its Impact on Expression of the Genes Involved in DNA Repair and Free Radical Production in Intact and Diabetic Rats
Authors: Dišlere Kristīne , Rostoka Evita , Parinovs Viktors , Paramonova Natalia , Bisenieks Egils , Poikāns Jānis , Sokolovska Jeļizaveta , Sjakste Nikolajs 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Modification of expression of several genes encoding enzymes involved in radical production and DNA repair by a 1,4-DHP derivative glutapyrone was studied in intact rats and animals with streptozotocin diabetes mellitus. Glutapyrone stimulated iNos mRNA production in both kidneys and blood. The effect was stronger in kidneys of diabetic animals, however in blood the expression was down-regulated. The compound increased the Parp 1 gene expression in kidneys of both intact and diabetic animals; in blood the effect was adverse. Expression of XDh gene was significantly increased by glutapyrone in kidneys of intact and diabetic animals. Administration of the compound to intact animals triggered significant increase of DNA damage in white blood cells assayed by comet assay; in diabetic animals no effect was produced. To explain discrepancies with the formerly described effects of glutapyrone on cultured cells, metabolism of the compound was studied. Glutapyrone is either oxidised or the residue of glutamic acid is removed, glutapyrone turns into AV-153, and the latter is metabolised to smaller compounds. Formation of AV-153, a DNA binder and genotoxic compound in high concentrations, can explain DNA damage in white blood cells and stimulation of DNA repair.
Recovery of Succinic Acid-Rich Fraction from the Juice of Chaenomeles japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. Ex Spach by Ion Exchange Fractionation Resin
Authors: Radenkovs Vitalijs , Juhņeviča-Radenkova Karina , Krasnova Inta , Segliņa Dalija 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Succinic acid (SA) is one of the most demanded and widely used constituents for producing various healthcare and skincare products, biodegradable polymers, and food and feed additives. The present study was undertaken to establish the protocol for selective recovery of SA from a complex matrix of Japanese quince (JQ) (Chaenomeles japonica) fruit using ion-exchange fractionation resin DIAION™ UBK550 with negatively charged functional groups cross-linked with a styrene-divinylbenzene matrix. A second SA purification method was used for data comparison using either Supel™-Select HLB or Strata-X columns packed with a hydrophilic modified sty-rene-based polymer. The analysis of SA accomplished by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using triple quadrupole mass selective detection (HPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS) revealed the presence of SA in the JQ juice without pretreatment, in the amount of 0.202 mg·100 ml–1. The use of sty-rene-based polymer Strata-X sorbent for purification of JQ juice led to an increase of 11.0% in the concentration of SA compared with the initial concentration of SA in JQ juice. On the other hand, after purification of JQ juice with Supel™-Select HLB, the concentration of desorbed SA in the eluate fraction was 7.8% lower compared to the initial concentration. The use of ion-exchange fractionation resin DIAION™ UBK550 for purification and concentration of JQ juice ensured up to 152.3 mg of SA in 100 ml–1 of syrup-like brown substance, which was much (754.4-fold) higher than that observed in JQ juice itself. All three sorbents ensured the complete removal of monoand disaccharides from the juice, as no signs of mono- and disaccharides were detected in the eluate fractions.
Quantitative assessment of bone marrow infiltration and characterization of tumor burden using dual-layer spectral CT in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Xiong Xing , Hong Rong , Fan Xu , Hao Zhengmei , Zhang Xiaohui , Zhang Yu , Hu Chunhong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether virtual calcium subtraction (VNCa) image extracted from dual-layer spectral CT could estimate bone marrow (BM) infiltration with MRI as the reference standard and characterize tumor burden in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Patients and methods
Forty-seven patients with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively enrolled. They had undergone whole-body low-dose dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) and whole-body MRI within one week. VNCa images with calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) indices ranging from 25 to 95 at an interval of 10 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were quantitatively analyzed on vertebral bodies L1−L5 at the central slice of images. The optimal combination was selected by correlation analysis between CT numbers and ADC values. Then, it was used to characterize tumor burden by correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, including plasma cell infiltration rate (PCIR), high serum-free light chains (SFLC) ratio and the high-risk cytogenetic (HRC) status.

Results
The most significant quantitative correlation between CT numbers of VNCa images and ADC values could be found at CaSupp index 85 for averaged L1−L5 (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). It allowed quantitative evaluation of PCIR (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). It could also anticipate high SFLC ratio and the HRC status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.876 and 0.760, respectively.

Conclusions
The VNCa measurements of averaged L1−L5 showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 85. It could therefore be used as additional imaging biomarker for non-invasive assessment of tumor burden if ADC is not feasible.
Legal regulation of the provision of comprehensive rehabilitation to military personnel participating in a special military operation.
Authors: Semiannikova Dina Aleksandrovna 
Published: January 2024

The conduct of a special military operation on the territory of Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as SVO) gave a great impetus to the development of legal regulation of relations arising between the state and the military, and the revision of the basic laws in this area. The purpose of the study is to pay special attention to the analysis of the status of servicemen who returned from the SVO zone, which led to the emergence of new tasks: firstly, updating existing legislation, inventing new legal mechanisms to organize the granting of the right to rehabilitation of servicemen of this category; secondly, the need for practical provision of rehabilitation measures: the use of existing tools, from the involvement of organizations that can use existing resources to provide them before developing new methods and methods of rehabilitation, both at the federal and regional levels. In the course of the study, the tasks set were solved by the author using general scientific (dialectical, systematic, formal-logical) and legal (comparative-legal, sociological, axiological) research methods. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author has determined the legal status of servicemen who returned from their military service zone (discharged from military service), which allows determining their right to comprehensive rehabilitation: military personnel who have received the status of a combat disabled person and military personnel who have received the status of a combat veteran. The author came to the conclusion that the volume of rehabilitation of combat invalids is determined by his status, assuming the existence of all the rights of persons with an established disability. The author also analyzed regional legislation in this area and determined that some areas within the framework of the comprehensive rehabilitation of military personnel, which the regions focus on, seem promising, however, a more "point policy" in this area is carried out in the regions, taking into account the capabilities of each region and existing resources, which does not always cover all the tasks of comprehensive rehabilitation. The main conclusion of this study is the determination that comprehensive rehabilitation should be multidimensional and take into account many factors for the real recovery of such a category of citizens as military personnel who participated in the SVO, which can only be achieved by the certainty of federal legal regulation in this area, establishing a single legal status of such subjects to secure them a specific right to comprehensive rehabilitation.