bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual magnetic interaction in CrTe: insights from machine-learning and empirical models
Authors: Zhang F , Zhang J , Fang D , Zhang Y , Wang D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Chromium telluride (CrTe) has received much attention due to its small magnetic anisotropy, which hosts the potential for complex magnetic structures. However, its magnetic properties have been relatively unexplored with numerical simulations, as the magnetic interactions inside are quite unusual. In this study, we employ both a machine-learning model and an empirical model to investigate the magnetic phase transitions of bulk and monolayer CrTe, revealing the existence of unusual magnetic interaction, which can be captured by the machine-learning model but not the simple empirical model. Furthermore, our results also demonstrate that magnetic moments further apart exhibit stronger interactions than those in closer proximity, deviating from typical behavior.
Ultrasound computed tomography image reconstruction with multi-mode aperture matching of ring array
Authors: Shi Lifan , Wang Hongliang , Huang Xiao , Yuan Xuting , Ding Qi , Zhang Wendong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) imaging with a ring array holds significant potential for the inspection of small animals, breast tissue, and industrial components. Despite its promise, current techniques face challenges in terms of image quality. This paper presents a multi-mode aperture matching method for USCT image reconstruction with a ring array, aiming to enhance imaging performance. The proposed method utilizes a full ring transducer to transmit signals with a designated sub-aperture, while the receiving sub-aperture is adjusted based on the reference center element. By altering the transmitting and receiving sub-apertures under different conditions, specific imaging effects can be achieved. Experimental validation was conducted using a hair strand of 0.03 mm diameter placed at both center and eccentric positions within the ring array, in conjunction a breast phantom. Image resolution and contrast were assessed using full width at half maximum and contrast-to-noise ratio metrics. The results identified optimal transmitting and receiving sub-aperture matching modes for imaging the hair strand at various positions, and demonstrated the impact of this method on imaging targets at different positions within the breast phantom. These findings and experimental validations provide significant implications for enhancing imaging performance in USCT with a ring array.
Bragg grating-based all-optical continuous two-dimensional force perceptron
Authors: Li Hanyang , Wu Zhiyuan , Dai Jichun , Yang Xulong , Zhou Gaoqian , Sun Jiapeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel structure of a photonic two-dimensional force perceptron based on fiber Bragg gratings for the first time to demonstrate microforce detection and direction recognition in an all-optical transmission sensing platform. Silicone gel was used to encapsulate the Bragg gratings arranged in equilateral triangles with specific side lengths in a hollow cylindrical structure. The force stimulation is sensed by stress transfer ball located on top of the perceptron, and the force is transmitted to three Bragg gratings arranged in equilateral triangles through the encapsulation material. The perceptron can achieve force detection with a sensitivity of

0.06

mN

and a force stimulation resolution of

0.1

mN

. The reset operation mainly relies on the high elastic modulus of the material itself. The results demonstrate continuous optical sensing of microforce stimulation ranging from

0

mN

to

2

mN

, In addition, we presented the results of large-scale directional force stimulus recognition, successfully achieving directional recognition of force stimuli. Furthermore, we achieved angle recognition with an error rate of

1
%

, prove the practical potential of constructing a precise positioning continuous all-optical force sensing platform.
Reliable synaptic plasticity of InGaZnO transistor with TiO2 interlayer
Authors: Jeong Soo-Hong , Oh Seyoung , Kwon Ojun , Kim Do Hyeong , Seo Hyun Young , Park Woojin , Cho Byungjin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate an InGaZnO (IGZO)-based synaptic transistor with a TiO2 buffer layer. The structure of the synaptic transistor with TiO2 inserted between the Ti metal electrode and an IGZO semiconductor channel O2 trapping layer produces a large hysteresis window, which is crucial for achieving synaptic functionality. The Ti/TiO2/IGZO synaptic transistor exhibits reliable synaptic plasticity features such as excitatory post-synaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, and potentiation and depression, originating from the reversible charge trapping and detrapping in the TiO2 layer. Finally, the pattern recognition accuracy of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology handwritten digit images was modeled using CrossSim simulation software. The simulation results present a high image recognition accuracy of ∼89%. Therefore, this simple approach using an oxide buffer layer can aid the implementation of high-performance synaptic devices for neuromorphic computing systems.
MM-SFENet: multi-scale multi-task localization and classification of bladder cancer in MRI with spatial feature encoder network
Authors: Ren Yu , Wang Guoli , Wang Pingping , Liu Kunmeng , Liu Quanjin , Sun Hongfu , Li Xiang , Wei Bengzheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. Bladder cancer is a common malignant urinary carcinoma, with muscle-invasive and non-muscle-invasive as its two major subtypes. This paper aims to achieve automated bladder cancer invasiveness localization and classification based on MRI. Approach. Different from previous efforts that segment bladder wall and tumor, we propose a novel end-to-end multi-scale multi-task spatial feature encoder network (MM-SFENet) for locating and classifying bladder cancer, according to the classification criteria of the spatial relationship between the tumor and bladder wall. First, we built a backbone with residual blocks to distinguish bladder wall and tumor; then, a spatial feature encoder is designed to encode the multi-level features of the backbone to learn the criteria. Main Results. We substitute Smooth-L1 Loss with IoU Loss for multi-task learning, to improve the accuracy of the classification task. By learning two datasets collected from bladder cancer patients at the hospital, the mAP, IoU, Acc, Sen and Spec are used as the evaluation metrics. The experimental result could reach 93.34%, 83.16%, 85.65%, 81.51%, 89.23% on test set1 and 80.21%, 75.43%, 79.52%, 71.87%, 77.86% on test set2. Significance. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed MM-SFENet on the localization and classification of bladder cancer. It may provide an effective supplementary diagnosis method for bladder cancer staging.
Real-time nonstandard-shaped gold fiducial marker tracking on x-ray fluoroscopic images for prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Sakata Yukinobu , Umene Kenta , Asaka Saori , Hirai Ryusuke , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Mori Shinichiro 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective. The prostate moves in accordance with the movement of surrounding organs. Tumor position can change by ≥3 mm during radiotherapy. Given the difficulties of visualizing the prostate fluoroscopically, fiducial markers are generally implanted into the prostate to monitor its motion during treatment. Recently, internally motion guidance methods of the prostate using a 99.5% gold/0.5% iron flexible notched wire fiducial marker (Gold Anchor® , Naslund Medical AB, Huddinge, Sweden), which requires a 22 gauge needle, has been used. However, because the notched wire can retain its linear shape, acquire a spiral shape, or roll into an irregular ball, detecting it on fluoroscopic images in real-time incurs higher computation costs. Approach. We developed a fiducial tracking algorithm to achieve real-time computation. The marker is detected on the first image frame using a shape filter that employs inter-class variance for the marker likelihood calculated by the filter, focusing on the large difference in densities between the marker and its surroundings. After the second frame, the marker is tracked by adding to the shape filter the similarity to the template cropped from the area around the marker position detected in the first frame. We retrospectively evaluated the algorithm’s marker tracking accuracy for ten prostate cases, analyzing two fractions in each case. Main results. Tracking positional accuracy averaged over all patients was 0.13 ± 0.04 mm (mean ± standard deviation, Euclidean distance) and 0.25 ± 0.09 mm (95th percentile). Computation time was 2.82 ± 0.20 ms/frame averaged over all frames. Significance. Our algorithm successfully and stably tracked irregularly-shaped markers in real time.
Deep learning-based synthetic dose-weighted LET map generation for intensity modulated proton therapy
Authors: Gao Yuan , Chang Chih-Wei , Pan Shaoyan , Peng Junbo , Ma Chaoqiong , Patel Pretesh , Roper Justin , Zhou Jun , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The advantage of proton therapy as compared to photon therapy stems from the Bragg peak effect, which allows protons to deposit most of their energy directly at the tumor while sparing healthy tissue. However, even with such benefits, proton therapy does present certain challenges. The biological effectiveness differences between protons and photons are not fully incorporated into clinical treatment planning processes. In current clinical practice, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) between protons and photons is set as constant 1.1. Numerous studies have suggested that the RBE of protons can exhibit significant variability. Given these findings, there is a substantial interest in refining proton therapy treatment planning to better account for the variable RBE. Dose-average linear energy transfer (LETd) is a key physical parameter for evaluating the RBE of proton therapy and aids in optimizing proton treatment plans. Calculating precise LETd distributions necessitates the use of intricate physical models and the execution of specialized Monte-Carlo simulation software, which is a computationally intensive and time-consuming progress. In response to these challenges, we propose a deep learning based framework designed to predict the LETd distribution map using the dose distribution map. This approach aims to simplify the process and increase the speed of LETd map generation in clinical settings. The proposed CycleGAN model has demonstrated superior performance over other GAN-based models. The mean absolute error (MAE), peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross correlation of the LETd maps generated by the proposed method are 0.096 ± 0.019 keV μm−1, 24.203 ± 2.683 dB, and 0.997 ± 0.002, respectively. The MAE of the proposed method in the clinical target volume, bladder, and rectum are 0.193 ± 0.103, 0.277 ± 0.112, and 0.211 ± 0.086 keV μm−1, respectively. The proposed framework has demonstrated the feasibility of generating synthetic LETd maps from dose maps and has the potential to improve proton therapy planning by providing accurate LETd information.
Possible origin for the similar phase transitions in k-core and interdependent networks
Authors: Gao Shengling , Xue Leyang , Gross Bnaya , She Zhikun , Li Daqing , Havlin Shlomo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The models of k-core percolation and interdependent networks (IN) have been extensively studied in their respective fields. A recent study has revealed that they share several common critical exponents. However, several newly discovered exponents in IN have not been explored in k-core percolation, and the origin of the similarity still remains unclear. Thus, in this paper, by considering k-core percolation on random networks, we first verify that the two newly discovered exponents (fractal fluctuation dimension,

d

f

′

, and correlation length exponent,

ν

′

) observed in d-dimensional IN spatial networks also exist with the same values in k-core percolation. That is, the fractality of the k-core giant component fluctuations is manifested by a fractal fluctuation dimension,

d
˜

f

=
3

/

4

, within a correlation size
Nʹ that scales as

N

′

∝
(
p
−

p
c

)

−

ν
˜

, with

ν
˜

=
2

. Here we define,

ν
˜

≡
d
⋅

ν

′

and

d
˜

f

≡

d

f

′

/

d

. This implies that both models, IN and k-core, feature the same scaling behaviors with the same critical exponents, further reinforcing the similarity between the two models. Furthermore, we suggest that these two models are similar since both have two types of interactions: short-range (SR) connectivity links and long-range (LR) influences. In IN the LR are the influences of dependency links while in k-core we find here that for k = 1 and k = 2 the influences are SR and in contrast for

k
⩾
3

the influence is LR. In addition, analytical arguments for a universal hyper-scaling relation for the fractal fluctuation dimension of the k-core giant component and for IN as well as for any mixed-order transition are established. Our analysis enhances the comprehension of k-core percolation and supports the generalization of the concept of fractal fluctuations in mixed-order phase transitions.
Coherent anharmonicity transfer from matter to light in the THz regime
Authors: Arias Mauricio , Triana Johan F , Delgado Aldo , Herrera Felipe 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Optical nonlinearities are fundamental in several types of optical information processing protocols. However, the high laser intensities needed for implementing phase nonlinearities using conventional optical materials represent a challenge for nonlinear optics in the few-photon regime. We introduce an infrared cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) approach for imprinting nonlinear phase shifts on individual THz pulses in reflection setups, conditional on the input power. Power-dependent phase shifts on the order of

0.1
π

can be achieved with femtosecond pulses of only a few µW input power. The proposed scheme involves a small number of intersubband quantum well transition dipoles evanescently coupled to the near field of an infrared resonator. The field evolution is nonlinear due to the dynamical transfer of spectral anharmonicity from material dipoles to the infrared vacuum, through an effective dipolar chirping mechanism that transiently detunes the quantum well transitions from the vacuum field, leading to photon blockade. We develop analytical theory that describes the dependence of the imprinted nonlinear phase shift on relevant physical parameters. For a pair of quantum well dipoles, the phase control scheme is shown to be robust with respect to inhomogeneities in the dipole transition frequencies and relaxation rates. Numerical results based on the Lindblad quantum master equation validate the theory in the regime where the material dipoles are populated up to the second excitation manifold. In contrast with conventional QED schemes for phase control that require strong light–matter interaction, the proposed phase nonlinearity works best in weak coupling, increasing the prospects for its experimental realization using current nanophotonic technology.
Galectin-1 correlates with inflammatory markers and T regulatory cells in children with type 1 diabetes and/or celiac disease
Authors: Fryk Emanuel , Wilsson Åsa , Tompa Andrea , Jansson Per-Anders , Faresjö Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CeD) are common autoimmune diseases in children where the pathophysiology is not fully characterized. The autoimmune process involves a complex scenario of both inflammatory and regulatory features. Galectin-1 (GAL-1) has a wide range of biological activities e.g. interaction with immune cells. We examined the relationship between GAL-1 and soluble immune markers and T-cell subsets in a cohort of children with T1D and/or CeD relative to healthy children. GAL-1, together with several soluble immune markers [e.g. interleukins (IL)], tumor necrosis factor (TNF), acute phase proteins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were measured in sera from children with T1D and/or CeD by fluorochrome (Luminex) technique using children without these diseases as a reference. Subgroups of T cells, including T-regulatory (Treg) cells, were analysed by flow cytometry. Association between GAL-1, pro-inflammatory markers, and Treg cells differed depending on which illness combination was present. In children with both T1D and CeD, GAL-1 correlated positively with pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Composite scores increased the strength of correlation between GAL-1 and pro-inflammatory markers, Th1-associated interferon (IFN)-γ, and T1D-associated visfatin. Contrary, in children diagnosed with exclusively T1D, GAL-1 was positively correlated to CD25hi and CD25hiCD101+ Treg cells. For children with only CeD, no association between GAL-1 and other immune markers was observed. In conclusion, the association observed between GAL-1, soluble immune markers, and Treg cells may indicate a role for GAL-1 in the pathophysiology of T1D and, to some extent, also in CeD.
Residual leaks following percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion and outcomes: a meta-analysis
Authors: Samaras Athanasios , Papazoglou Andreas S , Balomenakis Charalampos , Bekiaridou Alexandra , Moysidis Dimitrios V , Patsiou Vasiliki , Orfanidis Antonios , Giannakoulas George , Kassimis George , Fragakis Nikolaos , Saw Jacqueline , Landmesser Ulf , Alkhouli Mohamad Adnan , Tzikas Apostolos 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Residual leaks are not infrequent after left atrial appendage occlusion. However, there is still uncertainty regarding their prognostic implications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of residual leaks after left atrial appendage occlusion.

Methods
A literature search was conducted until 19 February 2023. Residual leaks comprised peri-device leaks (PDLs) on transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) or computed tomography (CT), as well as left atrial appendage patency on CT. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to assess the clinical impact of residual leaks.

Results
Overall 48 eligible studies (44 non-randomized/observational and 4 randomized studies) including 61 666 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent left atrial appendage occlusion were analysed. Peri-device leak by TEE was present in 26.1% of patients. Computed tomography-based left atrial appendage patency and PDL were present in 54.9% and 57.3% of patients, respectively. Transoesophageal echocardiography-based PDL (i.e. any reported PDL regardless of its size) was significantly associated with a higher risk of thromboembolism [pooled odds ratio (pOR) 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52–2.74], all-cause mortality (pOR 1.16, 95% CI: 1.08–1.24), and major bleeding (pOR 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03–1.22), compared with no reported PDL. A positive graded association between PDL size and risk of thromboembolism was noted across TEE cut-offs. For any PDL of &gt;0, &gt;1, &gt;3, and &gt;5 mm, the pORs for thromboembolism were 1.82 (95% CI: 1.35–2.47), 2.13 (95% CI: 1.04–4.35), 4.14 (95% CI: 2.07–8.27), and 4.44 (95% CI: 2.09–9.43), respectively, compared with either no PDL or PDL smaller than each cut-off. Neither left atrial appendage patency, nor PDL by CT was associated with thromboembolism (pOR 1.45 and 1.04, 95% CI: 0.84–2.50 and 0.52–2.07, respectively).

Conclusions
Peri-device leak detected by TEE was associated with adverse events, primarily thromboembolism. Residual leaks detected by CT were more frequent but lacked prognostic significance.
Exploring diagnostic events and first referrals in cancer patient pathways in primary care. A questionnaire survey
Authors: Lauridsen Gitte B , Jarbøl Dorte E , Thye-Rønn Peter , Rasmussen Sanne , Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Lykkegaard Jesper 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer diagnostic pathways in general practice are often nonlinear, and several events can delay timely diagnosis.ObjectivesTo explore cancer diagnostic processes in general practice, examining how patients’ symptom presentations, sex, and age are associated with the occurrence of predefined potentially delaying events and the first referrals.MethodGeneral practices in 3 Danish Regions were invited to participate in a questionnaire survey, addressing patient’s symptom presentation, diagnostic process events, and first referral. The general practitioners (GPs) received a list of their incident cancer patients from the preceding 2 years.ResultsIn total 187 general practices participated, including 5,908 patients with the cancer diagnostic pathways initiated in general practice. Presenting with nonspecific symptoms was associated with potentially delaying events, even when the patient also had specific symptoms. Almost half of the patients were referred to a cancer patient pathway (CPP) first, men more often than women, and 10% were referred for acute hospitalization. In 23% of the diagnostic processes, GPs initially treated or referred patients on suspicion of another disease rather than cancer and waited due to normal examinations in 1 out of 20 patients. Excluding sex-specific cancers, these 2 events were more prevalent in women. Men less often complied to the follow-up agreement. Younger patients were less often first referred to a CPP and together with older patients more often first acutely hospitalized.ConclusionIn cancer diagnostic processes in general practice, first referrals and the occurrence of potentially delaying events are associated with the patient’s age, sex, and specificity of symptoms.
Delivering health promotion during school closures in public health emergencies: building consensus among Canadian experts
Authors: Dabravolskaj Julia , Veugelers Paul J , Mandour Boshra A , Flynn Jenn , Maximova Katerina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
School-based health promotion is drastically disrupted by school closures during public health emergencies or natural disasters. Climate change will likely accelerate the frequency of these events and hence school closures. We identified innovative health promotion practices delivered during COVID-19 school closures and sought consensus among education experts on their future utility. Fifteen health promotion practices delivered in 87 schools across Alberta, Canada during COVID-19 school closures in Spring 2020, were grouped into: ‘awareness of healthy lifestyle behaviours and mental wellness’, ‘virtual events’, ‘tangible supports’ and ‘school-student-family connectedness’. Two expert panels (23 school-level practitioners and 20 decision-makers at the school board and provincial levels) rated practices on feasibility, acceptability, reach, effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and other criteria in three rounds of online Delphi surveys. Consensus was reached if 70% or more participants (strongly) agreed with a statement, (strongly) disagreed or neither. Participants agreed all practices require planning, preparation and training before implementation and additional staff time and most require external support or partnerships. Participants rated ‘awareness of healthy lifestyle behaviours and mental wellness’ and ‘virtual events’ as easy and quick to implement, effective and cost-effective, sustainable, easy to integrate into curriculum, well received by students and teachers, benefit school culture and require no additional funding/resources. ‘Tangible supports’ (equipment, food) and ‘school-student-family connectedness’ were rated as most likely to reach vulnerable students and families. Health promotion practices presented herein can inform emergency preparedness plans and are critical to ensuring health remains a priority during public health emergencies and natural disasters.