bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive geriatric assessment—where are we now, where do we need to be in the context of global ageing?
Authors: Naughton Corina , Galvin Rose , McCullagh Ruth , Horgan Frances 
Published: November 2023

AbstractComprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the cornerstone of modern geriatric medicine and the framework around which conventional and new models of care for older people are developed. Whilst there are a substantial number of reviews synthesising the evidence on patient and service outcomes from CGA, as an intervention it remains poorly described. There is a lack of detail on how a CGA plan is coordinated, delivered and followed up, especially outside of acute care. This commentary reflects on the authors’ experience of extracting data from 57 published studies on CGA. CGA as an intervention is akin to a ‘black box’ in terms of describing and measuring participants’ interactions with CGA activity in terms of time, frequency and amount (dose) received. There is also a lack of detail on how newly established CGA teams become effective, interdisciplinary, high functioning and sustainable teams. The CGA knowledge-do gap persists with a need to draw from complex system theory and implementation science frameworks to better describe the intervention and understand the influence of the organisation and health service within which CGA is operationalised. Equally, the voice of older people, families and staff is critical in the conduct and evaluation of CGA, and how it evolves as a model to meet the growing needs of ageing populations.
A Plantation Illogic: Narrating Proslavery’s Imagined Futures
Authors: Hughes Tomos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay explores the temporal and narrative dimensions of speculative proslavery thought, considering proslavery political economy in particular as a genre that articulates a vision of capitalist modernity unbound by liberal accounts of national futurity. This defense of slavery has its formal correlate in an ambivalent embrace of the speculative novel as a means for imagining slavery’s extension through time and space. Taking as its literary examples Edgar Allan Poe’s The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838), Nathaniel Beverley Tucker’s The Partisan Leader (1836), and Edmund Ruffin’s Anticipations of the Future (1860), the essay argues that proslavery’s imagined futures are characterized by exhaustion, both of narrative and social reproduction. Considering exhaustion as the temporality that characterizes slavery’s modernity leads us to question the idea that the latter is best articulated in terms of the institution’s disavowed centrality to capitalism.Proslavery theorists made slavery central to capital by tying capital to the conditions of its hinterland; imagining the world the slaveholders could make, they got stuck in the one the plantation made.
STUN: forward-time simulation on TUnable fitNess landscapes in recombining populations
Authors: Amado André , Li Juan , Bank Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Understanding the population genetics of complex polygenic traits during adaptation is challenging.

Results
Here, we implement a forward-in-time population-genetic simulator (STUN) based on Wright-Fisher dynamics. STUN is a flexible and user-friendly software package for simulating the polygenic adaptation of recombining haploid populations using either new mutations or standing genetic variation. STUN assumes that populations adapt to sudden environmental changes by undergoing selection on a new fitness landscape. With pre-implemented fitness landscape models like Rough Mount Fuji, NK, Block, additive, and House-of-Cards, users can explore the effect of different levels of epistasis (ruggedness of the fitness landscape). Custom fitness landscapes and recombination maps can also be defined. STUN empowers both experimentalists and advanced programmers to study the evolution of complex polygenic traits and to dissect the adaptation process.

Availability and implementation
STUN is implemented in Rust. Its source code is available at https://github.com/banklab/STUN and archived on Zenodo under doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10246377. The repository includes a link to the software’s manual and binary files for Linux, macOS and Windows.
Integration of multiple terminology bases: a multi-view alignment method using the hierarchical structure
Authors: Hu Peihong , Ye Qi , Zhang Weiyan , Liu Jingping , Ruan Tong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
In the medical field, multiple terminology bases coexist across different institutions and contexts, often resulting in the presence of redundant terms. The identification of overlapping terms among these bases holds significant potential for harmonizing multiple standards and establishing unified framework, which enhances user access to comprehensive and well-structured medical information. However, the majority of terminology bases exhibit differences not only in semantic aspects but also in the hierarchy of their classification systems. The conventional approaches that rely on neighborhood-based methods such as GCN may introduce errors due to the presence of different superordinate and subordinate terms. Therefore, it is imperative to explore novel methods to tackle this structural challenge.

Results
To address this heterogeneity issue, this paper proposes a multi-view alignment approach that incorporates the hierarchical structure of terminologies. We utilize BERT-based model to capture the recursive relationships among different levels of hierarchy and consider the interaction information of name, neighbors, and hierarchy between different terminologies. We test our method on mapping files of three medical open terminologies, and the experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms baseline methods in terms of Hits@1 and Hits@10 metrics by 2%.

Availability and implementation
The source code will be available at https://github.com/Ulricab/Bert-Path upon publication.
Global consensus process to establish a core dataset for hidradenitis suppurativa registries
Authors: Wainman Hannah E , Chandran Nisha S , Frew John W , Garg Amit , Gibbons Angela , Gierbolini Athena , Horvath Barbara , Jemec Gregor B , Kirby Brian , Kirby Joselyn , Lowes Michelle A , Martorell Antonio , McGrath Barry M , Naik Haley B , Oon Hazel H , Prens Errol , Sayed Christopher J , Thorlacius Linnea , Van der Zee Hessel H , Villumsen Bente , Ingram John R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Several registries for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) already exist in Europe and the USA. There is currently no global consensus on a core dataset (CDS) for these registries. Creating a global HS registry is challenging, owing to logistical and regulatory constraints, which could limit opportunities for global collaboration as a result of differences in the dataset collected. The solution is to encourage all HS registries to collect the same CDS of information, allowing registries to collaborate.

Objectives
To establish a core set of items to be collected by all HS registries globally. The core set will cover demographic details, comorbidities, clinical examination findings, patient-reported outcome measures and treatments.

Methods
Beginning in September 2022, 20 participants – including both clinicians with expertise in HS and patient advocates – from eight countries across three continents participated in a Delphi process consisting of four rounds of voting, with all participants completing each round. A list of potential items for inclusion in the core set was generated from the relevant published literature, including systematic reviews of comorbidities in HS, clinical and examination findings, and epidemiology. For disease severity and progression items, the Hidradenitis SuppuraTiva Core outcome set International Collaboration (HiSTORIC) core set and other relevant instruments were considered for inclusion. This resulted in 47 initial items. Participants were invited to suggest additional items to include during the first round. Anonymous feedback was provided to inform each subsequent round of voting to encourage consensus.

Results
The eDelphi process established a CDS of 48 items recommended for inclusion in all HS registries globally.

Conclusions
The routine adoption of this CDS in current and future HS registries should allow registries in different parts of the world to collaborate, enabling research requiring large numbers of participants.
Neural stem cell therapies for spinal cord injury repair: an update on recent preclinical and clinical advances
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mojtaba , Borys Ben , Karimi-Abdolrezaee Soheila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of lifelong disabilities. Permanent sensory, motor and autonomic impairments after SCI are substantially attributed to degeneration of spinal cord neurons and axons, and disintegration of neural network. To date, minimal regenerative treatments are available for SCI with an unmet need for new therapies to reconstruct the damaged spinal cord neuron-glia network and restore connectivity with the supraspinal pathways.
Multipotent neural precursor cells (NPCs) have a unique capacity to generate neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Due to this capacity, NPCs have been an attractive cell source for cellular therapies for SCI. Transplantation of NPCs has been extensively tested in preclinical models of SCI in the past two decades. These studies have identified opportunities and challenges associated with NPC therapies. While NPCs have the potential to promote neuroregeneration through various mechanisms, their low long-term survival and integration within the host injured spinal cord limit the functional benefits of NPC-based therapies for SCI.
To address this challenge, combinatorial strategies have been developed to optimize the outcomes of NPC therapies by enriching SCI microenvironment through biomaterials, genetic and pharmacological therapies. In this review, we will provide an in-depth discussion on recent advances in preclinical NPC-based therapies for SCI. We will discuss modes of actions and mechanism by which engrafted NPCs contribute to the repair process and functional recovery. We will also provide an update on current clinical trials and new technologies that have facilitated preparation of medical-grade human NPCs suitable for transplantation in clinical studies.
The Numinous Presence That Binds: How the Chaplain Navigates Disparate Commitments Through the Lens of Hospital Baptism
Authors: Rebouché Madeleine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article explores the often-disparate commitments the chaplain has made to both the institutional church as well as the hospital system through the lens of the baptismal rite. As baptism is primarily a religious act meant to initiate new members into the Christian faith and a specific community, the chaplain must grapple with the meaning of baptism in the hospital system, a place of crisis and transient community. It is the numinous presence that binds the chaplain’s disparate commitments together in the liminal space between the clinical and ecclesial within which the chaplain exists. The numinous expands the boundaries of institutions often at odds. The chaplain finds meaning and purpose by bearing witness and remaining committed to this numinous presence that binds.
Immunological dynamic characteristics in acute myeloid leukemia predict the long-term outcomes and graft-versus host-disease occurrences post-transplantation
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Li Haibo , Guo Yukun , Zhang Lihua , Jiang Wenli , Zheng Naisheng , Peng Se , Guan Xiaolin , Fan Guang , Shen Lisong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To investigate the relationship between immune dynamic and graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) risk, 111 initial diagnostic acute myeloid leukemia patients were reviewed. The flow cytometry data of 12 major lymphocyte subsets in bone marrow (BM) from 60 transplant patients at four different time points were analyzed. Additionally, 90 immune subsets in peripheral blood (PB) of 11 post-transplantation on day 100 were reviewed. Our results demonstrated that transplant patients had longer OS compared to non-transplant patients (P &lt; 0.001). Among transplant patients, those who developed GVHD showed longer OS than those without GVHD (P &lt; 0.05). URD donors and CMV-negative status donors were associated with improved OS in transplant patients (P &lt; 0.05). Importantly, we observed a decreased Th/Tc ratio in BM at initial diagnostic in patients with GVHD compared to those without GVHD (P = 0.034). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that a low Th/Tc ratio predicted an increased risk of GVHD with a sensitivity of 44.44% and specificity of 87.50%. Moreover, an increased T/NK ratio in BM of post-induction chemotherapy was found to be associated with GVHD, with a sensitivity of 75.76% and specificity of 65.22%. Additionally, we observed a decreased percentage of NK1 (CD56-CD16+NK) in PB on day 100 post-transplantation in the GVHD group (P &lt; 0.05). These three indicators exhibit promising potential as specific and useful biomarkers for predicting GVHD. These findings provide valuable insights for the early identification and management of GVHD risk, thereby facilitating the possibility of improving patient outcomes.
Simultaneous Determination of General Active Ingredients in Topical Formulations by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)
Authors: Ioutsi Anna , Sarnitskaya Anastasia , Sumtsov Mikhail 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A simple, fast, precision and sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed for determination of camphor, L-menthol, methyl salicylate, salicylic acid, benzyl nicotinate and nonivamide in topical formulations. The possibility of determination low-boiling components and high-boiling components by a single analytical method was shown. The method was optimized by evaluating the effect of a large number of chromatographic parameters and sample preparation stages. It was validated according to the International Council on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantification of active components were achieved from 0.7 μg/mL for benzyl nicotinate and L-menthol to 41 μg/mL for salicylic acid. High repeatability and good recovery values were demonstrated. The practical application of the proposed method was shown for ointments and cream.
Is Carbapenem Therapy Necessary for the Treatment of Non-CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections?
Authors: Hareza Dariusz A , Cosgrove Sara E , Simner Patricia J , Harris Anthony D , Bergman Yehudit , Conzemius Rick , Jacobs Emily , Beisken Stephan , Tamma Pranita D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Investigations into antibiotics for extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) bloodstream infections (BSIs) have focused on blaCTX-M genes. Patient outcomes from non–CTX-M-producing ESBL-E BSIs and optimal treatment are unknown.

Methods
A multicenter observational study investigating 500 consecutive patients with ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales BSIs during 2018–2022 was conducted. Broth microdilution and whole-genome sequencing confirmed antibiotic susceptibilities and ESBL gene presence, respectively. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) using propensity scores ensured patients with non–CTX-M and CTX-M ESBL-E BSIs were similar before outcome evaluation.

Results
396 patients (79.2%) were confirmed to have an ESBL-E BSI. ESBL gene family prevalence was as follows: blaCTX-M (n = 370), blaSHV (n = 16), blaOXY (n = 12), and blaVEB (n = 5). ESBL gene identification was not limited to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. In the IPW cohort, there was no difference in 30-day mortality or ESBL-E infection recurrence between the non–CTX-M and CTX-M groups (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], .87–1.11; P = .83 and OR, 1.10; 95% CI, .85–1.42; P = .47, respectively). In an exploratory analysis limited to the non–CTX-M group, 86% of the 21 patients who received meropenem were alive on day 30; none of the 5 patients who received piperacillin-tazobactam were alive on day 30.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that non–CTX-M and CTX-M ESBL-E BSIs are equally concerning and associated with similar clinical outcomes. Meropenem may be associated with improved survival in patients with non–CTX-M ESBL-E BSIs, underscoring the potential benefit of comprehensive molecular diagnostics to enable early antibiotic optimization for ESBL-E BSIs beyond just blaCTX-M genes.
Early predictors of clinical deterioration in intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism: clinical needs, research imperatives, and pathways forward
Authors: Zuin Marco , Becattini Cecilia , Piazza Gregory 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A subset of intermediate-high risk pulmonary embolism (PE) patients will suffer clinical deterioration in the early hours following the acute event. Current evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute PE have provided limited direction for identification of which intermediate-high risk PE patients will go on to develop haemodynamic decompensation. Furthermore, a paucity of data further hampers guideline recommendations regarding the optimal approach and duration of intensive monitoring, best methods to assess the early response to anticoagulation, and the ideal window for reperfusion therapy, if decompensation threatens. The aim of the present article is to identify the current unmet needs related to the early identification of intermediate-high risk PE patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration and mortality during the early hours after the acute cardiovascular event and suggest some potential strategies to further explore gaps in the literature.
Power mismatch and civil conflict: an empirical investigation
Authors: Morelli Massimo , Ogliari Laura , Hong Long 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY
This paper empirically shows that the imbalance between an ethnic group’s political and military power is crucial to understanding the likelihood that such a group engages in a conflict. We develop a novel measure of a group’s military power by combining machine-learning techniques with rich data on ethnic group characteristics and outcomes of civil conflicts in Africa and the Middle East. We couple this measure with available indicators of an ethnic group’s political power as well as with a novel proxy based on information about the ethnicity of cabinet members. We find that groups characterized by a higher mismatch between military and political power are between 30% and 50% more likely to engage in a conflict against their government depending on the specification used. We also find that the effects of power mismatch are non-linear, which is in agreement with the predictions of a simple model that accounts for the cost of conflict. Moreover, our results suggest that high-mismatched groups are typically involved in larger and centrist conflicts. The policy implication is that power-sharing recommendations and institutional design policies for peace should consider primarily the reduction of power mismatches between relevant groups, rather than focusing exclusively on equalizing political power in isolation.
Role of ideal cardiovascular health metrics in reducing risk of incident arrhythmias
Authors: Cheng Yun-Jiu , Deng Hai , Liao Yi-Jian , Fang Xian-Hong , Liao Hong-Tao , Liu Fang-Zhou , He Qian , Wang Jin-Jie , Wu Shu-Lin , Lin Wei-Dong , Xue Yu-Mei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Cardiovascular health (CVH) has been proven to reduce cardiovascular disease burden and mortality, but data are lacking regarding cardiac arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to assess the association between CVH metrics and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias.

Methods and results
This study analysed data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort, with participants recruited from four different communities across the United States. Cardiovascular health metrics were scored at baseline (1987–89) following the American Heart Association’s recommendations and categorized as poor, intermediate, or ideal. Arrhythmia episodes were diagnosed by International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code. Adjusted associations were estimated using Cox models and event rates and population attributable fractions were calculated by CVH metrics category. The study population consisted of 13 078 participants, with 2548 AF, 1363 ventricular arrhythmias, and 706 bradyarrhythmias occurred. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for ideal (vs. poor) CVH metrics were 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50–0.69] for AF, 0.38 (95% CI: 0.28–0.51) for ventricular arrhythmias, and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.51–0.97) for bradyarrhythmia. The risk of incident arrhythmias decreased steadily as the CVH metrics improved from 0 to 14 scores. The adjusted population attributable fractions were calculated to be 29.9% for AF, 54.4% for ventricular arrhythmias, and 21.9% for bradyarrhythmia, respectively. The association between CVH metrics and incident arrhythmias was also seen in people who remained free of coronary heart disease over the follow-up.

Conclusion
Achieving ideal CVH metrics recommendations by AHA in midlife was associated with a lower risk of incident arrhythmias later in life.
Effects of cohort, genotype, variant, and maternal β-blocker treatment on foetal heart rate predictors of inherited long QT syndrome
Authors: Kaizer Alexander M , Winbo Annika , Clur Sally-Ann B , Etheridge Susan P , Ackerman Michael J , Horigome Hitoshi , Herberg Ulrike , Dagradi Federica , Spazzolini Carla , Killen Stacy A S , Wacker-Gussmann Annette , Wilde Arthur A M , Sinkovskaya Elena , Abuhamad Alfred , Torchio Margherita , Ng Chai-Ann , Rydberg Annika , Schwartz Peter J , Cuneo Bettina F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
In long QT syndrome (LQTS), primary prevention improves outcome; thus, early identification is key. The most common LQTS phenotype is a foetal heart rate (FHR) &lt; 3rd percentile for gestational age (GA) but the effects of cohort, genotype, variant, and maternal β-blocker therapy on FHR are unknown. We assessed the influence of these factors on FHR in pregnancies with familial LQTS and developed a FHR/GA threshold for LQTS.

Methods and results
In an international cohort of pregnancies in which one parent had LQTS, LQTS genotype, familial variant, and maternal β-blocker effects on FHR were assessed. We developed a testing algorithm for LQTS using FHR and GA as continuous predictors. Data included 1966 FHRs at 7–42 weeks’ GA from 267 pregnancies/164 LQTS families [220 LQTS type 1 (LQT1), 35 LQTS type 2 (LQT2), and 12 LQTS type 3 (LQT3)]. The FHRs were significantly lower in LQT1 and LQT2 but not LQT3 or LQTS negative. The LQT1 variants with non-nonsense and severe function loss (current density or β-adrenergic response) had lower FHR. Maternal β-blockers potentiated bradycardia in LQT1 and LQT2 but did not affect FHR in LQTS negative. A FHR/GA threshold predicted LQT1 and LQT2 with 74.9% accuracy, 71% sensitivity, and 81% specificity.

Conclusion
Genotype, LQT1 variant, and maternal β-blocker therapy affect FHR. A predictive threshold of FHR/GA significantly improves the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for LQT1 and LQT2, above the infant’s a priori 50% probability. We speculate this model may be useful in screening for LQTS in perinatal subjects without a known LQTS family history.