bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific Patterns in Dementia Incidence among older Asian and Pacific Islander Adults
Authors: Lo Joan C , Chandra Malini , Lee David R , Lee Catherine , Gilsanz Paola 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDementia risk is lower for US Asian adults in aggregate compared to non‐Hispanic White (NHW) adults. However, examining Asian adults in aggregate masks subgroup heterogeneity as previously reported, including higher risk and slightly higher risk among 6210 Filipino and 4478 Japanese adults, respectively, and non‐significantly lower risk among 197 South Asian adults compared to 8384 Chinese adults (Mayeda, et al. PMID 28406845). We build on this prior work by examining sex‐specific dementia incidence in an expanded contemporary cohort of US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) and NHW adults in the same integrated healthcare delivery system.MethodsAmong 479,250 NHW adults and 34,222 Chinese, 34,637 Filipino, 9,355 Japanese, 6,246 South Asian, 3,913 Vietnamese, 2,779 Korean, 2,343 Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI), and 14,967 other/ethnicity‐unspecified Asian/PI members of a northern California health plan aged ≥65 years in 2010‐2019 (with five years prior membership and without prior dementia), incident dementia up to 2022 was identified by hospital, institutional stay, ambulatory (or virtual care) encounter diagnoses. Race and ethnicity were obtained from self‐reported data sources. Dementia incident rate ratios (IRR) were examined using log‐Poisson regression, adjusting for 5‐year age group and calendar year.ResultsAmong 479,250 (54.9% female) NHW and 108,462 (54.4% female) Asian/PI adults, mean age at entry was 70.4±7.1 and 69.3±6.1 years and mean follow‐up 7.6±4.0 and 7.4±3.9 years, respectively. Overall, 12.0% of NHW and 8.7% of Asian/PI adults developed incident dementia. Among men, dementia IRRs (reference: NHW) were significantly lower for Asian men in all subgroups but higher for NHPI men (Figure 1). Among women, dementia IRRs were significantly lower for Chinese and Japanese women, but not Filipina, Vietnamese, Korean, South Asian, and NHPI women (Figure 2). NHPI, Filipino and Japanese men and NHPI, Filipina, South Asian, Vietnamese, and Korean women had significantly higher incidence of dementia than Chinese counterparts (Table).ConclusionThis study further characterizes the heterogeneity in dementia diagnosis incidence among Asian/PI subgroups, including sex‐specific differences. Further research is needed to identify environmental, social, clinical, and genetic factors that may explain the observed heterogeneity in dementia risk among Asian/PI ethnicities, which could inform interventions aimed to improve healthy brain aging for everyone.
Covid‐19 may have a detrimental impact on sensorimotor function
Authors: Goss Monica , Bernal Rebecca , Patel Vibhuti N , Li Karl , Garbarino Valentina R. , Nair Rejani R , Snyder Heather M , de Erausquin Gabriel A. , Ganguli Mary , Snitz Beth E. , Girard Timothy D. , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Hosseini Akram A. , Ibrahim Tamer , Vahidy Farhaan S , Satizabal Claudia L. , Himali Jayandra Jung , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on global health is still unknown. Sensorimotor biomarkers may be promising indicators of lasting effects of COVID‐19. Although normal aging may cause changes in sensorimotor function, more severe changes may indicate the subsequent impacts of COVID‐19 on brain health. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between COVID‐19 and sensorimotor markers (grip strength, gait, and smell) in the 7T neuroCOVID consortium, which is comprised of 5 sites: The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Houston Methodist Research Institute, The University of Pittsburgh, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Nottingham University (UK).MethodsWe studied 101 adult participants (mean age 60.9 ± 8.5 years, range 45‐80 years, 51% women) without prior cognitive impairment or cerebrovascular disease from the 7T consortium across 3 US and 1 UK sites. The sample included 77 COVID‐19 survivors and 24 healthy controls. Sensorimotor markers were measured for olfaction (n = 59; 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (B‐SIT)), grip strength (n = 97; measured using a hand dynamometer), and Gait (n = 101; 4‐meter normal walk time and n = 99; 4‐meter fast‐paced walk time). To assess the association between COVID‐19 and sensorimotor outcomes, we performed a series of linear regression models adjusting for age, sex, site, and handedness (grip strength only). Statistical significance was set at a 5% level.ResultsAs compared to healthy controls, COVID‐19 survivors, on average had a significantly reduced hand grip in the right hand (β ± standard error: ‐0.18 ± 0.07, p = 0.006). We also observed associations with reduced gait speed. COVID‐19 survivors, on average, had a slower walk time in both normal (0.17 ± 0.06, p = 0.004) and fast‐paced (0.04 ± 0.02, p = 0.022) as compared to healthy controls. We did not observe any statistical associations between COVID‐19 survivors and left‐hand grip strength or B‐SIT.ConclusionsThese results highlight that Covid‐19 infection may have a detrimental impact on sensorimotor function. Additional analysis with a larger sample size are ongoing, which will allow us to further assess the effect of infection severity. Future studies will look to evaluate the association between sensorimotor markers, cognition, and ultra‐high field 7T MRI‐based imaging markers.
Funding:R56AG074467P30AG066546
Motor alterations associated with cognitive impairment in a third‐level hospital
Authors: Ruiz‐Castillo Karla Paulina , Silva Itzel Alejandra Hernandez , Cuautle Karina Arellano , Chable Adiel Eleazar Dzul , Reyes Brandon Alexis Reyes 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognition and motor function declines have been shown to precede cognitive impairments, and motor changes have been proposed as potential clinical biomarkers to help predict dementia syndromes; there are reports that gait speed declined a decade before the diagnosis of MCI and preceded declines in cognitive function tests. The slow gait speed associated with cognitive complaint, motor cognitive risk syndrome is a clinical biomarker for high risk of neurologic degeneration.MethodThis report is a secondary analysis from a transversal study, the inclusion criteria include adults from 60 or older, who complete evaluations at the baseline in a from a dementia clinic at a tertiary care center in Mexico. Gait performance were evaluated in all the participants which had to walk 10 meter distance and timed, slow gait were considered as those more than 1 meter/second. Variables such as sex, age, education, marital status, occupation, depression, anxiety, frailty, cognitive impairments and geriatric syndromes were considered for the analysis. The outcome was the description of the characteristics of gait disturbance in the follow‐up evaluation and their relationships with the variables discussed.ResultFinally, 222 patients were studied, highlighting a prevalence of 73% (n = 158) being female and 28% (n = 64) being male. A total of 72% (n = 160) of patients presented a speed <1m/s and 28% (n = 62) with a speed >1m/s. Polypharmacy, intestinal habit disorder, sensory deprivation, and housewife occupation were associated with a decrease in gait speed. The group with mild cognitive impairment, 32% (n = 72), predominantly had a gait speed of less than 1 m/s. Regarding functionality, we found that the moderate dependence group, 31% (n = 71), and pre‐frail patients, 32% (n = 72), had a greater association with a decrease in gait speed. A significant association was found between MMSE and gait speed (p = 0.003).ConclusionIt was found that female patients have a prevalence of slow walking speed <1m/sec. In addition, patients with mild cognitive impairment have a higher prevalence, which suggests that walking speed may be a prodromal sign for mild cognitive impairment. Only was significative sex, polypharmacy, and fraility.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver’s burden in Colombian relatives of people with dementia
Authors: Buitrago Carlos Felipe , Garcia Deissy Milena , Botero Felipe , Giraldo Claudia Irene , Moreno Maria Jose , Forero Laura Valentina , Triviño Cristian , Reyes Pablo A , Matallana Diana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric symptoms are part of the psychopathological dimension of dementias. From a psychosocial approach, the direct and indirect costs of the disease increase, generating a greater demand to the caregiver. We aim to show the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and the caregiver’s burden in a group of 100 caregivers of patients with a dementia diagnosis.MethodSample of 51 caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and 49 with Fronto‐Temporal Dementia (FTD). Caregivers were patient’s relatives, mean age 58 y.o. and most of them had a college degree. To patients, we applied The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Additionally, we implemented the Zarit caregiver burden test to the caregivers.ResultCategorized three groups of caregivers: without burden (n = 42), mild burden (n = 25), and severe burden (n = 33). There were not statistical differences between caregiver’s age (p = .067), schooling (p = .429), nor how long they were caring for the patient (p = .057). Nonetheless, there’s higher burden scores when they have more economic difficulties (p<.05), more psychosomatic symptoms (p<.05), even when implementing strategies to handle stress (p<.05). Also, the burden is present the more neuropsychiatric symptoms the patients have (p<.05). Age (Beta = .021; p = .934) is not associated with burden level, however, scholarship (Beta = ‐.679; p<.05) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (Beta = 1.141; p<.001) are significantly associated.ConclusionSociodemographic caregiver’s characteristics and the symptom’s severity of the patients may establish a risk profile for caregivers. The study shows the importance of the development of support programs for caregivers.Shin, I. S., Carter, M., Masterman, D., Fairbanks, L., & Cummings, J. L. (2005). Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Alzheimer disease. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry, 13(6), 469‐474.Hiu, S. K. W., Bigirumurame, T., Kunonga, P., Bryant, A., & Pillai, M. (2022). Neuropsychiatric Inventory domains cluster into neuropsychiatric syndromes in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Brain and Behavior, 12(9), e2734.Monfort, J. C., Lezy, A. M., Papin, A., & Du Montcel, S. T. (2020). Psychogeriatric Inventory of Disconcerting Symptoms and Syndromes (PGI‐DSS): validity and reliability of a new brief scale compared to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for Nursing Homes (NPI‐NH). International psychogeriatrics, 32(9), 1085‐1095.
Brain transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in an in vivo AD model further elucidate the role of the sigma‐2 receptor modulator CT1812 in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Caro Valentina Di , Cho Eunah , Caldwell Jill , Pandey Kiran , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T , Caggiano Anthony O , Hamby Mary E 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCT1812 is a first in class small molecule sigma‐2 receptor (S2R) modulator, currently in Phase II clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), that selectively displaces Aβ oligomers from synapses. CT1812 prevents synaptotoxicity and restores cognitive performance in a transgenic mouse model of AD. To better understand and identify the biological process that S2R modulator can impact, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analysis in brain from an in vivo mouse model of AD treated with our leading investigational therapeutic CT1812.MethodNon‐transgenic or transgenic AD (hAPPsl) mice were dosed with vehicle and/or CT1812 (10 mg/kg, given orally, once daily) for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 hr after last dose, and brain collected. Unbiased RNA‐Sequencing and tandem‐mass tag mass spectrometry (TMT‐MS) proteomic measurements and analyses were performed of mouse hippocampus (N = 10 per group) to evaluate differential expression between transgenic and non‐transgenic mice, and to assess effect of CT1812 compared to vehicle. STRING and MetaCore pathway analyses were performed on both RNA‐Seq and proteomics analysis using gene lists of P ≤ 0.05.ResultFor the first‐time the hAPPsl mouse model has been characterized at both transcriptomic and proteomic level, and data indicate that specific aspects of AD are recapitulated in this model, e.g. APP is the most upregulated protein (p<0.05). In the brain, treatment with CT1812 altered the expression level of protein and mRNA (219 proteins and 2,031 mRNA transcripts were changed (p ≤ 0.05)). Pathway analysis by STRING and MetaCore (p<0.05) indicated a role of CT1812 in altering key pathways including membrane trafficking, autophagy, inflammation, cytoskeleton remodeling and WNT/β‐catenin signaling. Comparative analysis of the differentially expressed proteins between the proteomic and RNA‐Seq highlights 36 proteins that may be regulated transcriptionally, including Rab8b, Lamtor3, and Opa1, all which are associated with AD phenotype.ConclusionOur RNA‐Seq and proteomic analysis data have demonstrated that S2R modulators can impact the neuron function at a molecular level. These new findings help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action CT1812 in Alzheimer’s disease.
7 Tesla Brain MRI: A Paradigm Shifting Technology for Clinical Research in Aging and Dementia Science
Authors: Ibrahim Tamer , Santini Tales , Farhat Nadim , Alkateeb Salem , Sajewski Andrea , Diniz Eduardo , Berardinelli Jacob , Li Jinghang , Jin Hecheng , Chu Robin , Liou Jr‐Jiun , de Almeida Bruno , DeFranco Anthony , Salmon William , Berardo Jeremy 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs the usage of MRI for biomedical research increases, an ongoing goal for extending the usefulness of MRIs has been the increase of the magnet’s field strength to 3T, 7T, and beyond. The 7T field strength has recently been given FDA‐approval for clinical use, due to recognition of its safety and ability to characterize “smaller structures and subtle pathologies” 1 when compared to 3T (Fig. 1.)Technological developments at the 7 Tesla Bioengineering Research Program (7TBRP) at University of Pittsburgh is currently enabling neuroimaging translational research for 35 active 7T‐based NIH research projects with projected ∼ 7000 7T scan sessions that focus on studying aging, AD, COVID‐19 among several other neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsWe have developed a new (Fig. 2 and 3) device (Version 2 of Tic Tac Toe radiofrequency (RF) coil system) composed of 60 transmit channels – first of a kind ‐ and 32 receive channels. The coil has been deployed to Pittsburgh’s Imaging Community and is currently being used in a wide variety of NIH‐funded studies.ResultsCompared to other commercially available coils, this new RF coil system provides more homogeneous excitation, signal/contrast to noise ratio, and extended coverage of hard‐to‐reach regions at 7T (brain stem/temporal lobes/cerebellum.) Furthermore, the new RF coil system is also an anti‐claustrophobia solution at 7T as it provides a face opening in the front of the head resulting in more comfortable breathing, less claustrophobia, and a better overall 7T MRI experience for the participants.ConclusionAmong several other neurodegenerative diseases, advances in 7T MRI technology have allowed us to explore the common biology underlying aging, Alzheimer disease as well as the neurological sequelae following infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 (from imaging data harmonized across 3 different 7T sites)
Funding: R56AG074467, R01MH111265 and R01AG0635251. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-clears-first-7t-magnetic-resonance-imaging-device
Longitudinal analysis of qEEG in subjects with autosomal dominant Alzheimer’s disease due to PSEN1‐E280A variant
Authors: Aguillon David , Guerrero Alejandro , Vasquez Daniel , Cadavid Valeria , Henao Veronica , Suarez Ximena , Jaramillo‐Jimenez Alberto , Márquez Isabel C , Lopera Francisco , Pineda David , Quintero Carlos Andrés Andrés Tobón , Ochoa John F 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the world. Synaptic dysfunction is a pathophysiological event that alters neuronal connections at multiple scales: molecular, cellular, brain networks, cerebral cortex, among others. There are different mechanisms that interact to trigger alterations in the homeostasis of synaptic function, among them the most prominent are amyloidosis, tauopathy and inflammation. EEG has been used in recent years as a cost‐effective, portable, and noninvasive alternative for the study of biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease.MethodAll participants were members of families with PSEN1‐E280A genetic variant and healthy controls recruited voluntarily. A longitudinal follow‐up was planned, this study collects data from the initial visit and in the first year of follow‐up. At each visit, neurological and neuropsychological evaluation and electroencephalogram were performed. We analyzed the resting state EEG spectral power bands and the Alpha/Theta reactivity index.ResultAlpha1 and Alpha2 frequency bands did not have significant changes in the follow‐up year, in the Beta3 frequency band in component 20 and Beta2 in component 22 statistically significant differences were found. However, the distribution of the data in the shift graphs for the Beta frequency band presents some slopes, which indicates a modest effect sizes and low precision.ConclusionThe Beta frequency band is a potential neurophysiological marker that in preclinical stages of ADAD show statistically significant differences between asymptomatic carriers and non‐ carriers. This signal is related to components whose origin is estimated in posterior regions, which highlights the importance of previous findings in the precuneus. However, the effect sizes were modest and with low precision. It would recommend larger samples and longer following in future research.
Astrocyte calcium dysregulation and cerebrovascular impairments in the 5XFAD mouse model of familial Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Weiss Blaine E. , Gant John C , Sompol Pradoldej , Thibault Olivier , Kraner Susan D. , Norris Christopher M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmyloid deposits (Aβ) in the brain are a primary diagnostic marker of Alzheimer’s disease, and are associated with the degeneration of synapses and cognitive decline. However, recent advances in cell specific approaches have revealed that glial processes may also contribute to the progression of disease pathology. Astrocytes are a glial cell in the brain responsible for a plethora of essential functions in the brain, such as the removal of synaptic glutamate, and control over cerebrovascular function. Astrocyte Ca2+ signaling is closely coupled to these functions. These pathways are dysregulated with disease onset, and contribute to astrocyte reactivity. Our group showed previously in a diet model of VCID, that changes in astrocyte calcium signaling and network synchronicity were associated with deficits in cerebrovascular function. Here we examined the spatial and temporal relationship of astrocyte Ca2+ signals to neurovascular coupling in 5XFAD mice to determine the relationship between reactive astrocytes and cerebrovascular function.Method5XFAD and littermate controls aged to 6 months were injected with AAV2/5‐Gfa104‐jGCaMP8f into barrel cortex before cranial window installation. At 7 months, mice were briefly anaesthetized before retroorbital injection of 500kb rhodamine dextran. Mice were then imaged awake under a two‐photon microscope for functional hyperemia measures in response to timed air puff whisker stimulation. Spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients were measured by ∆F/F calculation of Ca2+ peaks extracted by custom MATLAB algorithms. Analysis of astrocyte endfoot Ca2+ was measured along vessels stimulated for neurovascular coupling to relate vasoactivity to Ca2+ signaling kinetics and intensity.Result5XFAD mice showed a significant reduction is astrocyte Ca2+ rise time kinetics compared to wild type controls, as well as parameters of functional hyperemia. Timing of neurovascular coupling in response to stimulation and the latency of astrocyte calcium kinetics was characterized for the 5XFAD model and shown to differ between soma and endfoot processes.ConclusionAmyloid induced pathology induces changes in astrocyte Ca2+ signaling. Dysregulation of astrocyte signaling may have a mechanistic role in the kinetics of neurovascular coupling and/or cerebrovascular dysfunction with disease progression. However, further analysis of astrocyte endfoot coverage and manipulation of astrocyte signaling during functional hyperemia is needed to further clarify mechanism.
Mental health in Colombian dementia patients: the impact of COVID‐19
Authors: Garcia Deissy Milena , Buitrago Carlos Felipe , Moreno Maria Jose , Forero Laura Valentina , Triviño Cristian , Reyes Pablo A , Matallana Diana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic related to the new coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has generated new challenges in healthcare systems worldwide. In Colombia, different measures were adopted, such as preventive isolation, to reduce the number of infections considering its high transmissibility. However, this led to changes in the mental health of older individuals affected both by this confinement situation and by the consequences of the disease in this population group.MethodThe objective is to determine if there are cognitive changes associated with the disease and confinement due to the new coronavirus infection in a sample of 70 individuals with dementia. To achieve this, an analysis of one of the COVID‐19 questionnaires proposed in the RedLat project is performed, in which relatives and patients report their perception of changes in their mental health. The impact of the confinement situation and the disease itself is analyzed.ResultIn general, a significant change is found in the cognitive, affective, and social sphere of each individual with dementia.ConclusionThese findings are relevant as they allow for the proposal of alternative rehabilitation strategies following COVID‐19 and the generation of other mental health promotion programs in older individuals with cognitive impairment.References:Bombón‐Albán, P. E., & Suárez‐Salazar, J. V. (2022). Manifestaciones cognitivas y neuropsiquiátricas de COVID‐19 en el Adulto Mayor con y sin demencia: Revisión de la literatura. Revista de Neuro‐Psiquiatria, 85(2), 117‐126.Parra, M. A., Baez, S., Sedeño, L., Gonzalez Campo, C., Santamaría‐García, H., Aprahamian, I., … & Ibanez, A. (2021). Dementia in Latin America: paving the way toward a regional action plan. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 17(2), 295‐313.Duran‐Aniotz, C., Sanhueza, J., Grinberg, L. T., Slachevsky, A., Valcour, V., Robertson, I., … & Ibáñez, A. (2022). The Latin American Brain Health Institute, a regional initiative to reduce the scale and impact of dementia. Russo, M. J., Cohen, G., Campos, J., & Allegri, R. F. (2021). COVID‐19 y adultos mayores con deterioro cognitivo:¿ puede influir el aislamiento social en la enfermedad?. Neurología Argentina, 13(3), 159‐169.