bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building as Interface: or, What Architects Can Learn from Interaction Designers
Authors: Mirti Stefano , Aprile Walter 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWalter Aprile and Stefano Mirti have been engaged as designers, researchers and teachers at Interaction‐Ivrea, a technological research institute in northern Italy, since it was established by Telecom Italia and Olivetti in 2001. Here, the two reflect on the series of experiments they have undertaken at the intersection of interactive technology and architecture, analysing their own working systems and the means by which they have chosen to pursue interdisciplinary dialogue. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intelligent Workspaces: Crossing the Thresholds
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLucy Bullivant looks at the shape of the new office to come. With the onset of increasingly sophisticated communications devices, how is the organisation of space in our immediate working environments going to change? Will the lines between furniture and dynamic electronic devices simply blur? Will the structure of commercial office buildings themselves be required to become increasingly reflexive to meet environmental demands in the face of dwindling energy reserves? Or is the mobile nature of electronic communications actually in danger of rendering the permanent office as we know it extinct? Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Media House Project: the House is the Computer, the Structure is the Network
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA multidisciplinary team of more than a hundred people developed the Media House, a prototype of a domestic living space unveiled in Barcelona in 2001, writes Lucy Bullivant. The project is a technologically advanced interface for interaction that is a benchmark of its kind. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactive Urban Design as Event: Christian Moeller
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOnce a practising architect, engaged in the offices of Gunter Behnisch, Christian Moeller was attracted away from the conventional route of the profession by the stimulation and opportunities of the 1980s art scene. In this profile by Lucy Bullivant, the now professor of media arts/design at UCLA describes his aptitude for the accessible, and why he prefers ‘temporary fireworks’ and experiment in his interactive practice over permanent installations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
D‐Tower, NOX, Doetinchem, the Netherlands, 1998–2004 and Son‐O‐House, Son en Breugel, NOX, the Netherlands, 2000–2004
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractConducting your love life or expressing your innermost feelings through an architectural medium, one that seemingly replaces the traditional village green where people met up and shared experiences, is a pretty far‐reaching social proposition. But D‐Tower, a collaboration between architect Lars Spuybroek of NOX in Rotterdam, and QS Serafijn, a Rotterdam‐based artist, aims to do just that, writes Lucy Bullivant, in a way that transcends any notion of a pure prosthetic device with an architectural system of communication.Lars Spuybroek of NOX has also recently made public artwork for Industrieschap Ekkersrijt, in collaboration with composer Edwin van der Heide. Here, Lucy Bullivant describes a project that builds a ‘memoryscape’ of sounds in and near the space visitors participate in making. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mediating Devices for a Social Statement: Tobi Schneidler, Interactive Architect
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGerman architect Tobi Schneidler, with his team at Smart Studio of the Interactive Institute in Stockholm, Sweden, integrates interactive media and network technologies within spatial environments. Here, he explains to Lucy Bullivant how, for him, information technology is not merely hardware or software, but an essential tool that can create ‘mediating devices for a social statement’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jason Bruges: Light and Space Explorer
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDesigning bespoke pieces for a range of public and commercial projects, interactive architect Jason Bruges redefines the role of the architect as maker of responsive environments, an identity closer to that of the artist. Lucy Bullivant explains how his application of state‐ of‐ the‐ art technologies enables Bruges to push the boundaries both in terms of his exploration of light, sound and space and the materials he uses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BIX Matrix realities:united, Kunsthaus Graz, Austria
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractElectronic surfaces to buildings that carry sounds and imagery are not new in a world of high‐technology billboards. However, BIX Matrix, writes Lucy Bullivant, is integral to the architecture of the Kunsthaus in Graz – an innovative and low‐tech skin with its own software for artists and curators to use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ada: the Intelligent Room
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA multidisciplinary team based at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH, Zurich, was responsible for Ada: the intelligent room, an interactive space conceived of as a human being that responded to visitors at Exp02, the Swiss national exhibition at Neuchatel, where it was launched, writes Lucy Bullivant. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Listening Post: Ben Rubin and Mark Hansen
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA collaborative visual and sonic artwork drawing on research into internet chat‐rooms and forums, the listening Post harnesses the energy of virtual conversation and converts fragments into an evocative experience. Lucy Bullivant discusses the making of the Listening Post, which has been exhibited at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, Next Wave Festival (2001), the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (2002), MIT List Visual Arts Center (2004), and La Villette, Paris (2004), with its American creators. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tate in Space, ETALAB
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFor four minutes of zero gravity, Virgin will soon be offering galactic travel 60 miles out into space in three years time, at a price of £ 115,000. Eventually, package holidays will follow. With the Hilton allegedly having bought a piece of the moon, commerce has really begun to buy into outer space. Tate in space, a speculative gallery existing in microgravity takes this reality firmly in hand, writes Lucy Bullivant, with the idea of a Tate gallery satellite. It was designed by ETALAB, run by architects Danielle Tinero and Opher Elia‐Shaul, one of three architectural practices commissioned by artist Susan Collins on behalf of Tate, the UK's premier art institution (the others were Softroom and Sarah Wigglesworth Architects). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The Hague
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the new Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox (KPF), Jeremy Melvin finds a tower that offers civil servants more than a well‐appointed view of the Dutch seat of power and Amsterdam on a fine day. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blurring the Lines, Case Study: Digital Housings, An Exploration of Current CAD/CAM Techniques
Authors: Chaszar André 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDomestic‐scale projects can be a fertile source of technical and design innovations, as shown in a crop of houses designed and built by Massie Architecture. In this fifth instalment of the ‘Blurring the Lines’ series of CAD/CAM case studies, Andre Chaszar describes some of the novel and effective ways in which digital design and fabrication have entered the realm of single‐family housing in the US, and traces the evolution of these techniques in successive applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ICE, Klein Dytham Architects, Toshio Iwai, Bloomberg Headquarters, Marunouchi, Tokyo, 2003
Authors: Bullivant Lucy 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe activities of international news agency Bloomberg harvest financial data and news from innumerable global sources, and process it into a form that is understandable. Since late 2002, the firm's high‐rise headquarters in Marunouchi, behind Tokyo Station, have been graced by an installation in a dedicated space on the ground floor visible from the street. The installation permits staff and visitors to process and play with data in a very tangible and experiential way. ICE – the interactive communicative experience – is a ‘smart’ info‐ lounge planted within this busy urban space, designed by architects Klein Dytham with leading Japanese interactive designer Toshio Iwai. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TiO2‐Based Composite Nanotube Arrays Prepared via Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly
Authors: Guo Y.‐G. , Hu J.‐S. , Liang H.‐P. , Wan L.‐J. , Bai C.‐L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA simple and versatile technique has been developed to prepare TiO2 and TiO2‐based composite (TiO2–CdS and TiO2–Au) nanotube arrays. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV‐vis spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy are used to characterize their morphology, structure, composition, and properties. The TiO2–CdS nanotubes contained many TiO2 and CdS quantum dots and exhibited a novel PL band in the blue‐wavelength range. The reported strategy will be useful for fabricating nanoparticle–nanoparticle composite nanostructure arrays, which are suitable for applications in catalysis, chemical sensors, nanoelectrodes, and nanodevices.
High‐Conductivity Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) Film and Its Application in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Ouyang J. , Chu C.‐W. , Chen F.‐C. , Xu Q. , Yang Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe conductivity of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by adding a compound with two or more polar groups, such as ethylene glycol, meso‐erythritol (1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxybutane), or 2‐nitroenthanol, to an aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS. The mechanism for this conductivity enhancement is studied, and a new mechanism proposed. Raman spectroscopy indicates an effect of the liquid additive on the chemical structure of the PEDOT chains, which suggests a conformational change of PEDOT chains in the film. Both coil and linear conformations or an expanded‐coil conformation of the PEDOT chains may be present in the untreated PEDOT:PSS film, and the linear or expanded‐coil conformations may become dominant in the treated PEDOT:PSS film. This conformational change results in the enhancement of charge‐carrier mobility in the film and leads to an enhanced conductivity. The high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS film is ideal as an electrode for polymer optoelectronic devices. Polymer light‐emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells fabricated using such high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS films as the anode exhibit a high performance, close to that obtained using indium tin oxide as the anode.
Direct Synthesis of Highly Stable Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Containing Zeolite Building Units
Authors: Sakthivel A. , Huang S.‐J. , Chen W.‐H. , Lan Z.‐H. , Chen K.‐H. , Lin H.‐P. , Mou C.‐Y. , Liu S.‐B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA novel, one‐step synthesis of a highly stable mesoporous molecular sieve (MMS‐H), which has a structure analogous to MCM‐48 but which contains zeolite building units, is reported. A variety of experimental techniques—X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR, and solid‐state 27Al and 31P magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopies—have been used to characterize the framework structure, porosity, and acidity of this novel mesoporous/microporous composite material, which is also found to possess superior thermal, hydrothermal, steam, and mechanical stabilities.
Investigation of the Effects of Doping and Post‐Deposition Treatments on the Conductivity, Morphology, and Work Function of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(styrene sulfonate) Films
Authors: Huang J. , Miller P. F. , Wilson J. S. , de Mello A. J. , de Mello J. C. , Bradley D. D. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe investigate the influence of annealing conditions on the physical properties of thin films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In particular, we describe how annealing temperature, the ambient gas, and choice of dopant affect the conductivity, morphology, and work function of the films. Two specific dopants are considered, sorbitol and glycerol, and broad guidelines are developed for using PEDOT/PSS as a hole‐injection electrode in polymeric light‐emitting devices, solar cells, and photodetectors.
Halide‐Transport Chemical Vapor Deposition of Luminescent ZnS:Mn2+ One‐Dimensional Nanostructures
Authors: Ge J.‐P. , Wang J. , Zhang H.‐X. , Wang X. , Peng Q. , Li Y.‐D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractZnS:M2+ (M = Mn, Co, or Cu) single‐crystal one‐dimensional nanostructures have been prepared via a simple halide‐transport chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) process at a relatively low temperature. The obvious phase transition suggests that doping with Mn favors the formation of the hexagonal phase at a relative low temperature. The strong photoluminescence from blue to green and the yellow–orange emission, which was caused by the doping of various elements in ZnS nanowires and nanobelts, suggests possible applications of the one‐dimensional nanostructures in nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
Formation of Highly Crystallized β‐PbO Thin Films by Cathodic Electrodeposition of Pb and Its Rapid Oxidation in Air
Authors: Sawatani S. , Ogawa S. , Yoshida T. , Minoura H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe process of electrodeposition of β‐PbO thin films from aqueous solutions of PbII salts has been studied in detail. Contrary to the mechanism assumed in previous studies, thin films of crystalline β‐PbO are obtained after cathodic electrolysis in aqueous solutions of various soluble salts of PbII (Pb(NO3)2, Pb(ClO4)2, and Pb(CH3COO)2), and in both the presence and the absence of O2, thus indicating no contribution of OH– generation by electroreduction of NO3– and/or O2 to the formation of β‐PbO. A gradual color change is noted: a freshly electrodeposited gray film turns yellow as it dries in air. Drying of the films under controlled atmosphere (Ar or O2), combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, has revealed that freshly deposited films are of metallic Pb, which are oxidized and converted into β‐PbO. Such a reaction is operative only when a freshly electrodeposited activated wet Pb film is in contact with gaseous O2. Despite the rapid conversion of a solid material, the resultant β‐PbO thin films are highly crystallized and possess highly ordered internal nanostructure. Elongated nanoparticles (30 nm × 100 nm) are assembled in a regular alignment to compose a large platelet (greater than 10 μm in size) with single‐crystalline character, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation and selected‐area electron diffraction (SAED) measurement.
Red‐Emitting Fluorenes as Efficient Emitting Hosts for Non‐Doped, Organic Red‐Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Chiang C.‐L. , Wu M.‐F. , Dai D.‐C. , Wen Y.‐S. , Wang J.‐K. , Chen C.‐T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRare red‐fluorescent fluorene derivatives have been designed and synthesized. The long‐wavelength red fluorescence is achieved by incorporating a di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino electron donor and a dicyanovinyl electron acceptor. The single‐crystal X‐ray structures of the di(4‐tolyl)amino (pTSPDCV) and diphenylamino (PhSPDCV) compounds indicate only weak non‐π van der Waals contacts in addition to long‐distance dipole–dipole interactions of the red‐emitting fluorene molecules in the solid state. The aggregation of the dipolar fluorene is largely suppressed by introducing bulky 9,9‐substituents (spiro‐fused bifluorene) as well as a non‐planar di(4‐tolyl)amino or diphenylamino group. In the solid state, these fluorene derivatives all show red fluorescence that is much brighter than with the red dopants Nile Red and DCM (4‐(dicyanomethylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐[4‐(dimethylaminostyryl)‐4H‐pyran]). The unique photophysical properties of red‐emitting fluorene derivatives differ from other known red dopants and facilitate the fabrication of non‐doped red organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Authentic red (CIE, x = 0.65, y = 0.35) electroluminescence with a brightness of more than 12 000 cd m–2 (greater than 600 cd m–2 at 20 mA cm–2) and a remarkable external quantum efficiency as high as 3.6 % have been observed for the red‐emitting OLEDs with pTSPDCV or PhSPDCV as the sole emitting host.
Synthesis and Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles in Quasi‐Linear Lysine–Keggin‐Ion Colloidal Particles
Authors: Sanyal A. , Mandal S. , Sastry M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe formation of fiber‐like colloidal particles of the amino acid lysine complexed with Keggin ions is demonstrated. The lysine–phosphotungstic acid (PTA) colloidal particles act as excellent templates for the synthesis and assembly of gold nanoparticles wherein the lysine‐PTA complex acts as a UV‐switchable reducing agent for gold ions. This novel bio‐organic–inorganic template shows excellent potential as a regulated nanoreactor for application in programmed nanoparticle synthesis and assembly in a single step.
Novel Europium‐Complex/Nitrile‐ Butadiene Rubber Composites
Authors: Liu L. , Lu Y.‐L. , He L. , Zhang W. , Yang C. , Liu Y.‐D. , Zhang L.‐Q. , Jin R.‐G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe novel europium complex acrylato(1,10‐phenanthroline)bis(2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetonato)europium(III) [Eu(tta)2(aa)(phen)] [Eu‐AAPhen; Htta = 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐(2‐thienyl)‐1,3‐butanedione, Haa = acrylic acid, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline], which combines the excellent fluorescence properties of [Eu(tta)3(phen)] and the reactivity of acrylic acid with radicals, has been synthesized. Various amounts of this complex (powder) are mixed with nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) and peroxide to form uncured composites. These composites are vulcanized to obtain cured Eu‐AAPhen/NBR composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that the dispersion dimension for the cured composites is far finer than that for the uncured composites. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) experiments show that the crystallinity of Eu‐AAPhen in the composite decreases dramatically after the crosslinking process, implying that in‐situ reactions (including polymerization and grafting) of Eu‐AAPhen initiated by peroxide radicals should take place during the crosslinking of the NBR matrix with peroxide. The dispersion phase of the cured Eu‐AAPhen/NBR composite should be composed of nearly nanometer‐sized aggregates of poly(Eu‐AAPhen) and residual Eu‐AAPhen particles with reduced dimensions. The fluorescence properties of the cured composite are much better than those of the uncured one.
Phospholipid‐Based Catalytic Nanocapsules
Authors: Lawson G. E. , Lee Y. , Raushel F. M. , Singh A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe encapsulation and catalytic efficiency of organophosphate hydrolyzing enzymes in polymer‐stabilized nanocapsules is reported. Polymerized vesicles—derived from a headgroup‐polymerizable phospholipid, 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐N‐(2‐hydroxymethyl)‐3,5‐divinylbenzamide (DPPE‐DVBA)—containing enzymes were used as catalytic nanocapsules. Three enzymes, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), phosphotriesterase (PTE), and organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), were encapsulated in vesicles by incubating them with freeze‐dried vesicles at 55  °C, followed by intermittent vortex‐mixing. Enzyme‐containing vesicles, collected after gel‐filtration, were stabilized by photopolymerization at 254 nm to yield crosslinked catalytic nanocapsules. The nanocapsules containing OPH and PTE showed specific activities of 0.36 and 1.74 μmol mg–1 min–1, respectively, against methyl parathion (MPT), and OPAA‐containing nanocapsules showed a specific activity of 57.1 μmol mg–1 min–1 against diisopropylfluorophosphate. Freeze‐dried, OPH‐ and PTE‐containing nanocapsules showed retentions of 83 % and 85 % specific activity, respectively, upon redispersion in buffer solution. Three‐week, room‐temperature storage of OPH‐containing nanocapsules showed a retention of 18 % enzyme activity. Hydrolysis of MPT in crosslinked DPPE‐DVBA/OPH vesicles showed that hydrophobic MPT permeated through the bilayer membrane of the freeze‐dried nanocapsules, releasing the hydrolysis product para‐nitrophenol, which permeated back to the exogenous dispersion medium leaving the enzymes free to react with freshly permeated MPT in the interior of the nanocapsules.
Hydrophilic and Antimicrobial Zeolite Coatings for Gravity‐Independent Water Separation
Authors: McDonnell A. M. P. , Beving D. , Wang A. , Chen W. , Yan Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCondensing heat exchangers onboard manned spacecraft require hydrophilic fin surfaces to facilitate wetting and wicking of condensate to achieve gravity‐independent water separation in the zero‐ or micro‐gravity environment of space. In order to prevent the proliferation of microbes, the coating must also be biocidal. Here we show for the first time that zeolite A and ZSM‐5 coatings deposited via in‐situ crystallization on stainless steel and aluminum alloys have excellent hydrophilicity, biocidal properties, and adhesion. Water contact angles below 5° were obtained on most substrates tested. When silver‐ion exchange is carried out on the zeolite A coating, it becomes highly antibacterial. This biocidal capability of zeolite A is regenerative by repeated ion exchange. All coatings exhibit the highest rating of 5B as determined by adhesion test ASTM D‐3359‐02 (American Society for Testing and Materials). These properties, in addition to zeolite coating's low‐temperature crystallization process and demonstrated corrosion resistance, make zeolite coatings advantageous over the current sol–gel coatings and well suited for use in condensing heat exchangers onboard manned spacecraft.
Acrylate‐Based Photopolymer for Two‐Photon Microfabrication and Photonic Applications
Authors: Nguyen L. H. , Straub M. , Gu M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper provides a photopolymerizing material suitable for stereolithography of complex submicrometer‐sized three‐dimensional (3D) structural elements to a broad scientific public. Here, we present the formulation of a polymer (LN1 resin) that allows further research in the field of nanofabrication and ‐technology as it surpasses current material limitations. The polymer consists of multifunctional acrylate oligomers as binder, polyfunctional monomers, and a photoinitiator (PI). The chemistry to form 3D structures is based on photopolymerization of the acrylate system initiated by free‐radical species that are triggered by two‐photon absorption of a PI. Important parameters of photocuring, such as the effects of PI concentration, temperature, and light intensity, were studied using photocalorimetry. The thermal stability of the material was tested using thermal gravimetric analysis, providing key information for electronic and photonic applications. Photonic‐crystal structures generated from this resin exhibiting photonic stop gaps in near‐infrared‐ and telecommunication‐wavelength regions are presented.