bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal examination of alcohol demand and alcohol‐related reinforcement as predictors of heavy drinking and adverse alcohol consequences in emerging adults
Authors: Bird Brian M. , Belisario Kyla , Minhas Meenu , Acuff Samuel F. , Ferro Mark A. , Amlung Michael T. , Murphy James G. , MacKillop James 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBehavioral economic theory predicts that high alcohol demand and high proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement are important determinants of risky alcohol use in emerging adults, but the majority of research to date has been cross‐sectional in nature. The present study investigated prospective and dynamic relationships between alcohol demand and proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement in relation to heavy drinking days and alcohol problems.DesignLongitudinal cohort with assessments every 4 months for 20 months.SettingOntario, Canada.ParticipantsEmerging adults reporting regular heavy episodic drinking (n = 636, Mage = 21.44; 55.8% female).MeasurementsHeavy drinking days (HDD; Daily Drinking Questionnaire), alcohol problems (Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire), alcohol demand (Alcohol Purchase Task) and proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement (Activity Level Questionnaire).FindingsLinear mixed effects models revealed that behavioral economic indicators and alcohol‐related outcomes significantly decreased over the study, consistent with ‘aging out’ of risky alcohol use. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models revealed significant between‐person relationships, such that higher alcohol demand and alcohol‐related reinforcement were positively associated with HDD and alcohol problems (random intercepts = 0.187–0.534, Ps < 0.01). Moreover, alcohol demand indicators (particularly the rate of change in elasticity of the demand curve, as measured by α, and the maximum expenditure, Omax) and proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement significantly forecasted changes in HDD at all time points (|βs| = 0.063–0.103, Ps < 0.05) in cross‐lagged relationships, with bidirectional associations noted for the rate of change in elasticity (βs = −0.085 to −0.104, Ps < 0.01). Proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement also significantly forecasted changes in alcohol problems at all time points (βs = 0.072–0.112, Ps < 0.01).ConclusionsMultiple behavioral economic indicators (demand elasticity, maximum expenditure and reinforcement ratio) forecast changes in heavy episodic drinking and alcohol problems over the course of emerging adulthood. These results further implicate alcohol demand and proportionate alcohol‐related reinforcement as etiologically and developmentally important mechanisms in alcohol use trajectories.
Episodic future thinking and delay of gratification in children: Is imagining reward pay‐off helpful?
Authors: Canning Ciarán , McCormack Teresa , Clifford Eirinn , Donnelly Ciara , Duffy Erinn , Hickland Samuel , Graham Agnieszka J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have failed to show an effect of episodic future thinking (EFT) on children's delay of gratification (DoG), contrasting strikingly with adult findings. Recent findings from a sample of 8–11‐year‐old children by Canning et al. (J. Exp. Child Psychol., 228, 2023, 105618) indicate that EFT cueing is not effective compared to a no‐cue control even when it is reward related. Canning et al. suggest children's DoG performance, unlike that of adults, may be negatively affected by the cognitive load of cueing, but this leaves unexplained why EFT reward‐related cueing produced significantly better performance than cueing that did not involve EFT in their study. The current study attempted to further delineate the importance of linking future thinking cues to rewards. A reward‐related EFT condition was compared to a reward‐unrelated EFT condition and a no‐cue control on a delay choice task. No significant differences were observed between the three conditions. This suggests that even reward‐related future thinking is ineffective at improving children's delayed gratification. Further research is needed to determine why children struggle to benefit from EFT cues.
Vasculitic neuropathy: Therapeutic progress and prospects
Authors: Koga Michiaki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVasculitic neuropathy has a broad range of etiologies, and roughly comprises nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy and neuropathies accompanied by antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Recent morphological analyses of sural nerve specimens from patients with vasculitic neuropathy showed some distinct pathogeneses within vasculitic neuropathy. Several randomized, controlled studies and updated practice guidelines cover immunotherapies for AAV, whereas there is a paucity of evidence for vasculitic neuropathy, including neuropathies associated with AAV. Corticosteroids have been the mainstay of immunotherapy for vasculitic neuropathy, and cyclophosphamide is indispensable for refractory cases. Recent AAV guidelines are shifting their recommendations toward minimizing the harm caused by corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide with a reduced‐dose corticosteroid regimen and the recent advent of various optional drugs, especially molecular‐targeted agents. Clinicians expect the efficacy of reduced‐dose corticosteroid regimens and molecular‐targeted agents in treating vasculitic neuropathy to be verified, and clarification of the mechanism of vasculitic neuropathy might lead to the development of the best treatment based on the background pathogenesis of individual cases.
Real‐Time Polygonal Lighting of Iridescence Effect using Precomputed Monomial‐Gaussians
Authors: Liu Zhengze , Huo Yuchi , Yang Yinhui , Chen Jie , Wang Rui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe real world consists of mass phenomena, such as iridescence on thin film and metal oxide layers, that is only explicable by wave optics. Existing research can reproduce such effects with simple point lights or low‐frequency environmental lighting. However, it remains a difficult task to efficiently rendering these effects when near‐field, high‐frequency area lights are involved. This paper presents a high‐fidelity, real‐time rendering algorithm for the iridescence effect under polygonal lights. We introduce a novel set of spherical functions, Monomial‐Gaussians, to accurately fit iridescent materials' reflectance. With a precomputed lookup table, the Monomial‐Gaussians are easily integrated over spherical polygons in linear time. Importance sampling of Monomial‐Gaussians is also supported to efficiently reduce Monte‐Carlo error. Our approach produces accurate renderings of the iridescence effect while still preserving high frame rates.
Is extended venous thromboprophylaxis required in patients undergoing ileal pouch procedure for ulcerative colitis?
Authors: Gomez Javier , Theodosopoulos Evangelia , MacRae Helen , Brar Mantaj S. , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , O'Connor Brenda , Huang Harden , Kennedy Erin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimVenous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are relatively common adverse surgical complications. Extended VTE prophylaxis for 4 weeks is recommended after colorectal cancer surgery, but its use in inflammatory bowel disease surgery lacks high‐quality evidence. This retrospective study aimed to assess and characterize VTEs within the first 30 days after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) procedures and subtotal colectomies (STCs) for ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsAll patients who underwent IPAA for UC between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2021 were included. VTE rates after IPAA, in‐hospital or at‐home occurrences, utilization of in‐hospital thromboprophylaxis, and prescribed anticoagulant treatment were evaluated. Retrospectively, the same variables were analysed if patients of the cohort underwent STC before the IPAA construction.ResultsIn all, 204 patients underwent IPAA (61.8% men, 73% laparoscopic), with an average hospital stay of 6.8 days. Among them, 116 patients underwent STC prior to IPAA. Thirteen patients (6.3%) experienced VTEs after IPAA, with 76.9% (10/13) of cases occurring during hospitalization and under adequate thromboprophylaxis. The VTE rate after STC was 10.3% (12/116), with 58.2% (7/12) occurring in hospital and under appropriate thromboprophylaxis. No reoperations or mortality were attributed to thrombotic events. The type and duration of anticoagulant treatment varied considerably.ConclusionThe VTE rate after IPAA for UC was 6.3%, with the majority of events occurring in hospital and under adequate thromboprophylaxis. These findings suggest that routine use of extended VTE prophylaxis in our cohort may not be supported. Further research is needed to clarify the optimal VTE prophylaxis strategy for inflammatory bowel disease surgery.
Reversal of stoma with biosynthetic mesh fascial reinforcement: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dewantoro Dickson , Manson Paul , Brazzelli Miriam , Ramsay George 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTemporary stoma formation remains a common part of modern‐day colorectal surgical operations. At the time of reversal, a second procedure is required when the bowel is anastomosed and the musculature is closed. The rate of incisional hernia at these sites is 30%–35% with conventional suture closure. Mesh placement at this site is therefore an attractive option to reduce hernia risk, particularly as new mesh types, such as biosynthetic meshes, are available. The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing the use of mesh for prophylaxis of incisional hernia at stoma closure and to explore the outcome measures used by each of the included studies to establish whether they are genuinely patient‐centred.MethodThis is a systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing the published literature regarding the use of mesh at stoma site closure operations. Comprehensive literature searches of major electronic databases were performed by an information specialist. Screening of search results was undertaken using standard systematic review principles. Data from selected studies were input into an Excel file. Meta‐analysis of the results of included studies was conducted using RevMan software (v.5.4). Randomized controlled trial (RCT) and non‐RCT data were analysed separately.ResultsEleven studies with a total of 2008 patients were selected for inclusion, with various mesh types used. Of the included studies, one was a RCT, seven were nonrandomized comparative studies and three were case series. The meta‐analysis of nonrandomized studies shows that the rate of incisional hernia was lower in the mesh reinforcement group compared with the suture closure group (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.12–0.37) while rates of infection and haematoma/seroma were similar between groups (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.41–1.21 and OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.63–1.80, respectively). The results of the RCT were in line with those of the nonrandomized studies.ConclusionCurrent evidence indicates that mesh is safe and reduces incisional hernia. However, this is not commonly adopted into current clinical practice and the literature has minimal patient‐reported outcome measures. Future work should explore the reasons for such slow adoption as well as the preferences of patients in terms of outcome measures that matter most to them.
Advances in the study of soil erosion by water in Mexico published in Spanish
Authors: Varón‐Ramírez Viviana Marcela , Guevara Mario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch on soil erosion by water (SEW) includes studies on different spatial and temporal scales. Nevertheless, in Mexico (as in many countries of the Latin American and the Caribbean Region), a lack of studies on SEW is constantly reported in high‐impact journals. We argue that this lack is mainly due to the language in which the majority of the scientific research about SEW in Mexico is published, which is Spanish. Therefore, the objective is to identify the main trends in SEW research in Mexico, through a review of peer‐reviewed studies published in Spanish. The review is centred on two sources of studies published in Spanish that are relevant to Mexican soil sciences communities: Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and Redalyc (Diamond Open Access scientific journal network non‐commercial global infrastructure owned by academia). As a result, we identified 37 relevant peer‐reviewed articles about SEW, and the principal article aim of these works is modelling and measuring SEW (45.9 and 29.7% of the total articles compiled, respectively). We observed that research on SEW in Mexico follows the same trends as global reports. For example, the most frequently implemented models are those in the Universal Soil Loss Equation and its variants. We observed no data‐sharing culture in most of the revised articles. Our results suggest that large‐scale studies on SEW are needed in Mexico to better understand its role in large‐scale earth system models. Therefore, we conclude that despite the scarce international visibility of Spanish‐written SEW research, multiple valuable studies have indeed been carried out and they provide relevant information for the development of baseline references towards enabling nationwide soil erosion monitoring programmes in Mexico.
Establishing how much improvement in lung function and distance walked is clinically important for adult patients with Pompe disease
Authors: Lika Aglina , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , van der Beek Nadine A. M. E. , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van der Ploeg Ans T. , Kruijshaar Michelle E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and purposePompe disease is a rare, inheritable, progressive metabolic myopathy. This study aimed to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for an improvement in forced vital capacity in the upright seated position (FVCup) and the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) after a year of treatment with enzyme replacement therapy.MethodsData were obtained from two prospective follow‐up studies. Between‐group and within‐group MCIDs were estimated using anchor‐based methods. Additionally, a distribution‐based method was used to generate supportive evidence. As anchors, self‐reported change in health and in physical functioning, shortness of breath and a categorization of the Short‐Form 36 Physical Component Summary score were used. Anchor appropriateness was assessed using Spearman correlations (absolute values ≥0.29) and a sufficient number of observations in each category.ResultsIn all, 102 patients had at least one FVCup or 6MWT measurement during enzyme replacement therapy. Based on the anchors assessed as appropriate, the between‐group MCID for an improvement in FVCup ranged from 2.47% to 4.83% points. For the 6MWT, it ranged from 0.35% to 7.47% points which is equivalent to a distance of 2.18–46.61 m and 1.97–42.13 m for, respectively, a man and a woman of age 50, height 1.75 m and weight 80 kg. The results of the distribution‐based method were within these ranges when applied to change in the outcome values.ConclusionThe MCIDs for FVCup and 6MWT derived in this study can be used to interpret differences between and within groups of patients with Pompe disease in clinical trials and cohort studies.
Recent treatment and prognosis in 643 patients with extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Hatta Naohito , Ogata Dai , Asai Jun , Maekawa Takeo , Ito Takamichi , Takenouchi Tatsuya , Kiniwa Yukiko , Miyashita Azusa , Miyagawa Takuya , Muto Ikko , Yamamoto Yuki , Nagano Tohru , Kiyohara Yoshio , Nakano Eiji , Ohe Shuichi , Yamaguchi Buntaro , Fukuyama Masahiro , Matsuya Taisuke , Tsutsumida Arata , Namikawa Kenjiro , Yamazaki Naoya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInformation about extramammary Paget's (EMPD) treatment is limited because of the rarity of the disease. The prognosis differs between in situ EMPD and invasive EMPD; therefore, therapy should be planned according to the disease stage. We collected data on 643 EMPD cases treated between 2015 and 2019 in Japan and assessed recent trends in EMPD treatment and prognosis based on the EMPD‐oriented TNM staging. Among the 643 patients, 317 had stage 0 (49.3%), 185 had stage I (28.8%), 51 had stage II (7.9%), 18 had stage IIIA (2.8%), 48 had stage IIIB (7.5%) and 24 had stage IV (3.7%) disease. Each stage showed a distinct survival curve, with the exception of stages II and IIIA. Curative surgery was most common in patients with stage 0–III disease. Chemotherapy was the first‐line therapy, mainly in patients with stage IIIB and IV disease, most commonly with docetaxel (DTX), followed by DTX + tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium (TS‐1) and TS‐1. Patients with local disease exhibited a 4.4% recurrence rate. Univariate analysis revealed no prognostic differences according to age, sex or primary tumour site. SLNB was not related to disease‐specific survival. In multivariate analysis, female sex significantly predicted local relapse in stage 0–I (HR 3.09; 95% CI, 1.13–8.43), and initial treatment with curative surgery was significantly protective in terms of disease‐specific survival in stage II–IIIA (HR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04–0.71) and stage IIIB–IV (HR 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05–0.51). Further clinical studies are needed to improve the prognosis of patients with stage II–IV EMPD.
Investigation of the pathogenesis of ADAR1 gene in dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria
Authors: Zhang Jia , Jiang Chengyi , Wang Zhen , Fang Biqing , He Jin , Li Ming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pathogenesis of dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) has not been well defined. In this study, we sought to investigate the influence of the ADAR1 gene on DSH both in vitro and in vivo. Morpholino knockdown of adar1 in zebrafish produced phenotypes characterized by polarity changes, and abnormal migration and distribution of melanocytes. Differential expression of C‐KIT and distinct patterns of apoptosis between hyperpigmented and hypopigmented areas in DSH patient were detected by means of immunohistochemical methods and TUNEL assays, respectively. This study revealed that adar1 knockdown in a zebrafish model resulted in abnormal migration and changes in the cell polarity of melanocytes, and provided novel insight into the mechanism of DSH pathogenesis.
Patient and public involvement and engagement with underserved communities in dementia research: Reporting on a partnership to co‐design a website for postdiagnostic dementia support
Authors: Di Lorito Claudio , Griffiths Sarah , Poole Marie , Kaviraj Chandrika , Robertson Martin , Cutler Neil , Wilcock Jane 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the advancements in Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE), the voices of traditionally underserved groups are still poorly reflected in dementia research. This study aimed to report on a PPIE partnership between academics and members of the public from underserved communities to co‐design Forward with Dementia—Social Care, a resource and information website supporting people receiving a dementia diagnosis.MethodsThe PPIE partnership was set up in four stages: 1–identifying communities that have been under‐represented from PPIE in dementia research; 2—recruiting PPIE partners from these communities; 3—supporting PPIE partners to become confident to undertake their research roles and 4—undertaking research co‐design activities in an equitable fashion.ResultsTo address under‐representation from PPIE in dementia research we recruited seven PPIE partners from Black, Asian and other minority ethnic groups; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer+ communities; remote/rural area; religious minorities and partners living with rare forms of dementia. The partners met regularly throughout the project to oversee new sections for the study website, refine existing content and promote the website within their communities.ConclusionStrategies can be used to successfully recruit and involve PPIE partners from underserved communities in co‐design activities. These include networking with community leaders, developing terms of reference, setting out ‘rules of engagement’, and investing adequate resources and time for accessible and equitable involvement. These efforts facilitate the co‐design of research outputs that reflect the diversity and complexity of UK contemporary society.Patient or Public ContributionThis study received support from seven members of the public with lived experience of dementia from communities that have been traditionally underserved in dementia research. These seven members of the public undertook the role of partners in the study. They all equally contributed to the study design, recruitment of participants, development and revision of topic guides for the interviews and development of the website. Three of these partners were also co‐authors of this paper. On top of the activities shared with the other partners, they contributed to write independently of the academic team the section in this paper titled ‘Partners' experiences, benefits and challenges of the partnership’. Further, they provided input in other sections of the paper on a par with the other (academic) co‐authors.
Efficacy of the GentleWave System in the removal of biofilm from the mesial roots of mandibular molars before and after minimal instrumentation: An ex vivo study
Authors: Kim Kwang Ho , Lévesque Céline , Malkhassian Gevik , Basrani Bettina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo compare the efficacy of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm removal using the GentleWave System (GWS) (Sonendo Inc, CA) on non‐instrumented versus minimally instrumented root canal systems.MethodologyThirty‐four mandibular molars were autoclaved and allocated to four groups: Negative control (n = 5); positive control (n = 5); Group 1: non‐instrumentation + GWS (NI + GWS) (n = 12); and Group 2: minimal instrumentation + GWS (MI + GWS) (n = 12). Of 34 samples, 24 samples with Vertucci type 2 configuration within the mesial root of each sample were allocated to Groups 1 and 2 and then matched based on the working length and root canal configuration. After inoculation of samples with E. faecalis for 3 weeks, the GWS was used on Group 1 without any instrumentation and Group 2 after instrumentation of mesial canals until size 20/06v. CFU and SEM analysis were used.ResultsLog10 (CFU/mL) from the positive control, and Group 1 and 2 were 7.41 ± 0.53, 3.41 ± 1.54, and 3.21 ± 1.54, respectively. Both groups showed a statistically significant difference in the reduction of viable E. faecalis cells compared to the positive control (Group 1 [p = .0001] and Group 2 [p < .0001]), whilst showing no significant difference between the two tested groups (p < .05).ConclusionThe use of GWS on the non‐instrumented root canal system could be an effective disinfection protocol in removing the biofilm without dentin debris formation.