bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of sensitivity of flow cytometry in detecting aneuploidy in wheat using disomic and ditelosomic wheat–rye addition lines
Authors: Pfosser Martin , Heberle‐Bors Erwin , Amon Amelia , Lelley Thomas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFlow cytometric DNA analysis was used to study changes in nuclear DNA content induced by the addition of complete or telosomic rye chromosomes into the genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The DNA content of each addition line was determined by comparison with an internal reference value and was expressed as a difference with respect to the original wheat parental line. A 1.84% difference in the DNA content could be detected. Nuclei were flow sorted and the presence of rye chromatin in the nuclei with the higher DNA content was demonstrated by Southern hybridization. Flow cytometry was proven to be sensitive enough to detect the small DNA content deviations that are expected to occur in aneuploid plants of wheat. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alterations of T‐cell receptor variable region expression in human immunodeficiency virus disease
Authors: McCoy J. Philip , Overton W. Roy , Blumstein Linda , Baxter John D. , Gekowski Kathleen M. , Donaldson Milton H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSince only a small percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes is infected at any one time during the course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, a question central to the pathogenesis of HIV is whether or not the depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes is a random or selective event. The majority of peripheral blood T lymphocytes use α and β variable chains as components of their T‐cell receptor (TCR) complex. Depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood may be dependent on the Vb̃ chain expressed by the CD4+ cell, based on the hypothesis that HIV may encode a superantigen. Peripheral blood from normal controls and HIV+ patients was studied for alterations in the expression of various Vb̃ chains of the TCR. Three‐color flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of Vb̃2, Vb̃3, Vb̃8, Vb̃ 13, and Vb̃ 19 on all lymphocytes and on both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes independently. Alteration of the Vb̃ chains in HIV+ disease was analyzed as a function of absolute CD4 count and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) stage of the patient. These data suggest that the loss of T helper (CD4) lymphocytes during the course of HIV disease may be a selective event. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that selective depletion of CD4+, Vb̃19+ lymphocytes may be due to the encoding of a superantigen by HIV. Furthermore, using multicolor flow cytometry and stratifying patients by absolute CD4 counts (or stage of disease) may reveal immunologic changes that might otherwise be overlooked. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometry: Its use in pediatric renal transplantation utilizing polyclonal induction
Authors: Bunchman Timothy E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInduction protocols for pediatric renal transplant recipients commonly utilize polyclonal or monoclonal agents in sequence with additional immunosuppression. Polyclonal agents Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG), anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATGAM) effect both T and B cells while monoclonal agents (OKT3) are T‐cell specific. Flow cytometric analysis of T‐cell subsets has become the marker of adequacy of immunosuppression during OKT3 therapy, yet to date no marker exists to measure the adequacy of immunosuppression with polyclonal agents. At the University of Michigan, flow cytometric analysis in pediatric renal transplant recipients undergoing polyclonal induction reveals that CD3, CD4, and CD8 suppression initially occurs. As opposed to OKT3, a rebound of CD3 cells occurs despite daily use of a polyclonal agent in sequence with additional immunosuppressives. During these analyses, a single kidney was lost which flow cytometry failed to predict. No significant difference in flow cytometric patterns occurred when comparing ATGAM to MALG induction. Flow cytometry utilized during polyclonal induction in pediatric renal transplant recipients revealed a variety of T‐cell suppression patterns but failed to demonstrate persistence of suppression. Despite this lack of suppression as indicated by flow cytometry, a 97% 1 year allograft survival rate exists in the pediatric transplant program at the University of Michigan Medical Center. Therefore, the role of flow cytometry during polyclonal induction has yet to be well defined. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunologic differentiation of absolute lymphocyte count with an integrated flow cytometric system: A new concept for absolute T cell subset determinations
Authors: Mercolino Thomas J. , Connelly Mark C. , Meyer Eric J. , Knight Marilyn D. , Parker John W. , Stelzer Gregory T. , Dechirico Gioacchino 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe describe a method to obtain results for immune status monitoring that uses a three‐test panel, comprised of isotype control and 2 specific Mab tests (CD4/CD8/CD3 and CD16/CD19/CD3), in conjunction with a flow cytometer that directly measures absolute counts. Automated software is used for lineagespecific gating of three‐color immunofluorescence to determine lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts. The autogating function of this software is shown to yield equivalent results to manual analysis by an expert user, and to be effective when as few as 25 target cells are present. The software is also shown to perform automatic quality control checks of the sample preparation, reagent, and automated analysis. We demonstrate that the sum of T (CD3 +), B (CD19 +), and natural killer (NK, CD16 + CD3−) cells, as a determination of all lymphocytes, correlates well with lymphocytes measured using a light scatter differential. Moreover, T + B + NK lymphocyte count is shown to be less error‐prone than lymphocyte count from light scatter differential, and to minimize errors that arise from between‐technician variation in sample preparation. Our data suggest that the new approach that we describe could offer an alternative to the traditional two‐stage methods for measuring absolute counts of lymphocyte subsets for immune status monitoring. As such this method could reduce, through objective automated analysis, testing cost and complexity, without sacrificing the quality of results. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the fas antigen in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: McCloskey Thomas W. , Oyaizu Naoki , Kaplan Mark , Pahwa Savita 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLymphocytes from patients with HIV infection have been shown to undergo accelerated apoptosis. Fas antigen is a cell surface protein known to initiate an apoptotic signal. Therefore, we undertook a study to examine the expression of the Fas antigen during HIV infection. Using three color flow cytometry, expression of the Fas antigen on lymphocytes of 23 HIV infected individuals (CDC category 2, CD4 200–499 cells/m̈L, n = 10; CDC category 3, CD4 < 200 cells/m̈L, n = 13) and 10 healthy controls was examined. Both CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ subsets were examined for their expression of this marker. In lymphocytes of healthy controls, 47% of the CD3+CD4+ and 45% of the CD3+CD8+ cells were Fas antigen positive. This percentage was significantly increased in CD4 cells from HIV infected patients belonging to CDC category 3, but was unchanged from normal values in CDC category 2 subjects. The increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing Fas antigen in patients correlated significantly with the decrease in circulating CD4 T cell count (P < 0.009). In addition, by examining mean fluorescence intensity, we found that the amount of Fas expression per cell was increased threefold in CD3+CD4+ cells and increased twofold in CD3+CD8+ cells in category 3 patients. These results demonstrate that an increase in Fas antigen expression occurs during HIV infection. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow cytometric and clinicopathologic study of 197 hydatidiform moles with special reference to the significance of cytometric aneuploidy and literature review
Authors: Fukunaga Masaharu , Endo Yasuhiko , Ushigome Shinichiro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn order to evaluate the significance of cytometric aneuploidy in molar placentas, we analyzed 197 hydatidiform moles by flow cytometry using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues. Of 150 complete moles (CMs), 110 were diploid, 26 were tetraploid, and 14 were aneuploid (non‐triploid/tetraploid aneuploid). Of 47 partial moles (PMs), 44 were triploid and 3 were diploid. We could not find any histologic differences among the diploid, tetraploid, and aneuploid CMs. We found that flow cytometric DNA analysis was very helpful to differentiate CM from PM. Persistent diseases developed in 12 of 69 CMs (17.4%) (9 of 47 diploid and 3 of 14 tetraploid CMs) and in none of 26 PMs (0%). Four diploid and 2 tetraploid CMs were invasive and one each with diploid and tetraploid CM developed choriocarcinoma and none of 8 aneuploid CMs had sequelae; however, there was no correlation between DNA ploidy and clinical outcome in the CMs. These results suggest that cytometric aneuploidy (non‐diploidy) in CMs is not an independent predictor of persistent disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amphotericin B susceptibility of Candida species assessed by rapid flow cytometric membrane potential assay
Authors: Ordóñez José V. , Wehman Natalie M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method for detection of the susceptibility of Candida species to amphotericin B is described. The technique is a modification of a similar flow cytometric technique designed to detect antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus. Membrane potential changes caused by the antibiotic are measured flow cytometrically by using the fluorescent membrane potential‐sensitive dye 3,3′‐dipentyloxacarbocyanine iodide. One strain each of C. albicans and C. tropicalis (both sensitive to amphotericin B) and one strain of C. tropicalis (resistant to amphotericin B) were used to validate the method. Sensitivity or resistance was easily determined after 30 min of incubation in the presence of the antibiotic, and the drug effect was evident in a dose‐dependent manner. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidation of Veratryl Alcohol with Co(salen) and Oxygen in Aqueous Media: An in‐situ Spectroscopic Study (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 13/2005)
Authors: Kervinen Kaisa , Korpi Heikki , Mesu J. Gerbrand , Soulimani Fouad , Repo Timo , Rieger Bernhard , Leskelä Markku , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows the proposed mechanism of the Co(salen)‐catalyzed oxidation of a lignin model compound in water, as elucidated by several in‐situ spectroscopic techniques. Catalytic oxygen activation can help to prevent the formation of hazardous side products in organic oxidations, especially if harmless solvents are used. The target in this work is lignin, which is found in wood and must be removed as selectively as possible before paper production. In view of avoiding chlorine as the oxidant, the idea is to catalytically enhance the oxygen delignification stage in the pulp bleaching sequence. Details are discussed in the article by T. Repo, B. M. Weckhuysen et al. on p. 2591 ff.
Massive Electrostatic Effects on Heteropolar C–C Disconnections: Transforming a Phenyl Anion into a Potent Leaving Group
Authors: Weiss Robert , Huber Stefan M. , Pühlhofer Frank G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe SASAPOS protocol – a general reaction sequence which allows the complete exchange of various neutral ligands X in organic, elementorganic, and inorganic systems by cationic ligands L+ – has been applied to a small variety of pentafluoro benzene derivatives C6F5–E (E = –C(O)H, –C(N–Ph)H, –PCl2/–P(L+)2, –H) yielding the ion clusters C6(L+)5–E (F3CSO3–)5. The reaction conditions required to observe a heteropolar C–C or C–P disconnection, with a highly stabilized pentakisonio‐substituted phenyl anion as the key intermediate, are specified. When E = H, the latter compound also figures as the key intermediate during H/D exchange under basic conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of L‐Furanomycin and Its Analogues via Furoisoxazolines
Authors: Zimmermann Peter J. , Lee Ja Young , Hlobilova (née Blanarikova) Iva , Endermann Rainer , Häbich Dieter , Jäger Volker 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides and 2‐methylfuran has provided suitable precursors for α‐amino acids such as L‐furanomycin (1) that contain a dihydrofuran ring. By using a chiral nitrile oxide derived from D‐glyceraldehyde, the enantiomerically pure furoisoxazolines 9 and 10 were obtained. Owing to the bicyclic, bowl‐shaped structure of furoisoxazoline 9 highly stereoselective additions were feasible, in particular, the epoxidation of 9 with dimethyldioxirane provided the required (5'S) configuration in 1 after epoxide reduction. Hydroboration of 9 led to the (5'R) epimer 2 and nucleophilic addition of a methyl Grignard reagent to epoxyfuroisoxazoline 11 gave rise to 5'‐methylfuranomycin (3). Further, catalytic hydrogenation of the dihydrofuran intermediate 22, derived from 11, afforded the tetrahydrofuranyl derivative 31 from which dihydrofuranomycin (4) was obtained in enantiomerically pure form. The biological activities of these α‐amino acids showed an extremely narrow structure–activity profile, the natural product being the only compound of this series with high activities. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Strong Acidity of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Annulated to a Cyclopentadiene Moiety and Their Cyano Derivatives – A Density Functional B3LYP Study
Authors: Vianello Robert , Maksić Zvonimir B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe acidity of the parent 1H‐benz[f]indene (1a), 1H‐benz[e]indene (2a), 1H‐benz[fg]acenaphthylene (3a) and 1H‐cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene (4a) and of their polycyano derivatives is examined in the gas phase and in DMSO by the DFT‐B3LYP methods. It is shown that the parent hydrocarbons exhibit modest acidities, whereas a dramatic increase in acidity is observed upon multiple cyanation leading to hyperstrong neutral organic superacids. It is found that polycyano derivatives undergo prototropic tautomerism with a consequence that the most stable tautomer contains a ketene imine C=C=NH functionality. The origin of their highly pronounced acidity is identified as a very strong anionic resonance effect efficiently assisted by a large number of CN groups in a concerted manner. It is stressed that the polycyanated anions are very stable and have a highly dispersed negative charge, which should lead to a low nucleophilicity and weak coordinating properties, thus making them potentially very useful in academic research and technological applications. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Symmetrical Sulfones from Rongalite: Expansion to Cyclic Sulfones by Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Khedkar Priti , Ghosh Arun Kumar 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of symmetrical sulfones using rongalite has been developed. Terminally olefinic sulfone derivatives were subjected to ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) reactions to generate cyclic sulfones. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Increased expression of AML1‐a and acquired chromosomal abnormalities in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Angulo M. , González‐García J. R. , Meza‐Espinoza J. P. , Picos‐Cárdenas V. J. , Esparza‐Flores M. A. , López‐Guido B. , Rivera H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA semi‐quantitative expression analysis of both AML1‐a and AML1‐total was performed by RT‐PCR in 19 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis. AML1‐a expression was assessed in 16 bone marrow (BM) and 13 peripheral blood (PB) samples whereas AML1‐total was assessed in 17 BM and 16 PB samples. These analyses were also carried out in 15 PB samples of healthy controls. In addition, 18/19 patients were karyotyped: 11 had an unmodified constitutional karyotype (CK) and seven exhibited acquired chromosomal abnormalities (ACA). The expression of AML1‐a was significantly increased in BM and PB when compared with the controls (p < 0.013 and p < 0.035, respectively). A significant increase was found in the expression of AML1‐a in BM of the ACA group compared with the CK group (p < 0.0009). The expression of AML1‐a in BM and PB showed a significant increase in the ACA group compared with controls (p < 0.00001 and p < 0.012, respectively); in contrast, the CK group did not differ from the controls. These observations may mean that the increase of AML1‐a favours the progression of leukemia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic Polymerization Behavior Using Cellulose‐Binding Domain Deficient Endoglucanase II
Authors: Nakamura Itsuko , Yoneda Hisanari , Maeda Toshifumi , Makino Akira , Ohmae Masashi , Sugiyama Junji , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Kobayashi Shiro , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: A mutant enzyme, EGIIcore, in which the cellulose‐binding domain was deleted from endoglucanase II from Trichoderma viride, was expressed in yeast, and the secreted enzyme was examined for the enzymatic polymerization to obtain artificial cellulose. EGIIcore polymerized β‐cellobiosyl fluoride to afford crystalline cellulose of type II. Comparison of the polymerization behavior of EGIIcore with that of EGII revealed the following: i) the crystalline product obtained with EGIIcore was stable in the polymerization solution, although the product was readily hydrolyzed in the presence of EGII; ii) the turnover number of EGIIcore was as high as that of EGII; iii) EGIIcore produced highly crystalline cellulose. EGIIcore is therefore advantageous for enzymatic polymerization.
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Harnessing the Melting Peculiarities of Ultra‐High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers for the Processing of Compacted Fiber Composites
Authors: Shavit‐Hadar Liron , Khalfin Rafail L. , Cohen Yachin , Rein Dmitry M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Compacted fiber composites offer unique properties due to their lack of an extraneous matrix. The conditions of processing ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers were simulated in a heated pressure cell. In situ X‐ray diffraction measurements were used to follow the relevant transitions and the changes in the degree of crystallinity during melting and crystallization. The results strongly support the suggestion that the hexagonal crystal phase, in which the chain conformation is extremely mobile on the segmental level, constitutes the physical basis of compaction technologies for processing UHMWPE fibers into a single‐polymer composite. This report suggests that using a pseudo‐phase diagram outlining the occurrence of different phases during slow heating and the degree of crystallinity can provide valuable insight into the technological parameters relevant for optimal processing conditions.Degree of crystallinity as a function of pressure and temperature in a region relevant to compaction processes.magnified imageDegree of crystallinity as a function of pressure and temperature in a region relevant to compaction processes.
Melting Properties of Syndiotactic Polystyrenes and Effect of Hydrogen on Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Schellenberg Jürgen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: The melting properties of syndiotactic polystyrenes are significantly affected by the structural molecular properties of the polymers. The most important influences on the melting behavior are stereoregularity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymers. The melting temperature is increased by an enhanced syndiotacticity at sufficiently high molecular weights and at narrow molecular weight distributions. The degree of syndiotacticity obtained primarily depends on the kind and structure of the cyclopentadienyl ligand of the transition metal catalyst, whereas the effect of the other ancillary ligands on stereoregularity is negligible at the same cyclopentadienyl ligand. At narrow molecular weight distributions with $\overline M _{\rm w} /\overline M _{\rm n}$ below 2.8 and at constant stereoregularities, the molecular weight has a remarkable effect on the melting behavior at weight‐average molecular weights lower than about 80 000 g · mol−1, resulting in a significant decrease of the melting temperature until below 230 °C. The presence of hydrogen during polymerization leads to a significant shift to lower molecular weights at comparably small amounts of hydrogen, but results in the occurrence of an additional peak in the molecular weight distribution at larger hydrogen concentrations giving evidence for the formation of a second active polymerization site producing lower molecular weight polymers. At constant stereoregularity, the broadening of the molecular weight distribution leads to decreased melting temperatures and to improved flow properties of the syndiotactic polystyrenes with increasing shear rates at moderate molecular weight distributions.Detailed molecular weight distributions of syndiotactic polystyrenes in dependence on the hydrogen concentration.magnified imageDetailed molecular weight distributions of syndiotactic polystyrenes in dependence on the hydrogen concentration.
Preparation of Core‐Sheath Nanofibers from Conducting Polymer Blends
Authors: Wei Ming , Lee Junseok , Kang Bongwoo , Mead Joey 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSummary: Core‐sheath nanofibers with conductive polyaniline as the core and an insulating polymer as the sheath were prepared by electrospinning of blends of polyaniline with either polystyrene or polycarbonate. These unique core‐sheath structures offer potential in a number of applications including nanoelectronics. When polyaniline was blended with poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(ethylene oxide), only isolated domains of polyaniline in beadlike structures were formed. The phase morphology of electrospun fibers is thought to be dependent on the high‐surface tension of the solution and the molecular weight of the polymers. Incompatibility of the polymers and low molecular weight of compositions played a key role in the formation of core‐sheath structures, as opposed to co‐continuous morphologies.TEM image of electrospun polyaniline/polystyrene nanofiber after staining by OsO4. The dark regions are polyaniline.magnified imageTEM image of electrospun polyaniline/polystyrene nanofiber after staining by OsO4. The dark regions are polyaniline.