bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combat military service and male depression: The relationship between social support, PTSD, and male depression following combat military service
Authors: Weinberg Michael , Shorer Shai , Marom Doron , Cohen Lihi , Cohen Miri 
Published: February 2024

Background: Soldiers in military service are at risk of exposure to traumatic and stressful experiences, which can lead to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of depression. In the context of veterans’ PTSD and depression, social support has been shown to be a very significant resource. However, while general depression has been examined among veterans and although combat soldiers are often men, male depression has been rarely examined. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the relationships between social support, PTSD symptoms, and male depression among veterans. Methods: Five hundred and ninety-five male combat veterans completed a demographic questionnaire and measures of social support, PTSD, and male depression, including the specific symptoms of anger, substance use, social withdrawal, and restricted emotions. Results: Structural-equation-model analyses showed that social support was negatively associated with both PTSD symptoms and depression symptoms. Specifically, social support showed lower trends of associations with substance use and anger; whereas there were higher associations with social withdrawal and restricted emotions. PTSD showed the strongest association with anger. Thus, we can see that social support is a key resource for coping with PTSD and different symptoms of male depression. Conclusion: Greater attention to social support, PTSD, and aspects of male depression could assist the development of intervention and therapeutic programs and also help to prevent the misdiagnosis of depression among military veterans.
Dynamic Stress Ultrasound Assessment of Professional Baseball Players’ Elbows After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hanna Adeeb Jacob , Sonnier John Hayden , Fliegel Brian E. , Erickson Brandon J. , Jack Robert A. , Cohen Steven B. 
Published: February 2024

Background: There is a paucity of data analyzing dynamic stress ultrasound (SUS) findings in elite pitchers who have undergone ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction (UCLR) and returned to sport. Purpose: To identify longitudinal, perioperative changes in the elbows of professional baseball pitchers who have undergone UCLR and to compare these findings with a matched cohort of healthy pitchers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study used prospectively collected data from dynamic elbow SUS analyses of professional baseball pitchers within a single Major League Baseball organization. Pitchers were divided into 2 cohorts: a UCLR cohort and healthy cohort. The UCLR cohort eligibility included availability of (1) SUS from preseason of injury/UCLR and (2) SUS from ≥2 years after surgery. These players were 1:1 matched to players with no history of upper extremity injury to form the healthy cohort. Ligament thickness and ulnohumeral joint space at rest and under stress were directly measured. Joint laxity was calculated by subtracting joint space at rest from joint space under stress. The term “relative” was used to describe calculated differences where nondominant measurements were subtracted from dominant-side measurements. Results: Eight pitchers were included in the UCLR group and matched to 8 healthy pitchers (mean age at initial SUS examination, 19.6 years). At a minimum follow-up of 2 years, there were no significant differences between groups in terms of relative or dominant arm rest space, stress space, or laxity. Longitudinally (final measurements – baseline measurements), the mean relative ulnohumeral rest space decreased in the UCLR group and increased in the healthy group (–0.36 mm vs +0.50 mm; P = .032). The finding of increased UCL thickness in the UCLR group was expected, as UCL grafts are typically thicker than native ligaments. Conclusion: Ulnhohumeral joint stability was achieved after UCLR as indicated by similar rest space, stress space, and joint laxity in dominant arms compared with a matched healthy cohort. A significant decrease in relative rest space after UCLR may represent the achievement of stability in surgery patients. Alternatively, the increase in ulnohumeral rest space seen in the healthy cohort may represent adaptive changes from pitching at a professional level.
Isotemporal Substitution of Sedentary Time With Physical Activity Among Middle-Aged and Older Latinos: Effects on Episodic Memory
Authors: Canton Imani , Guzman Jacqueline , Soto Yuliana , Selzer Ninomiya Ana Laura , Morales Diana , Aguiñaga Susan 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To examine the estimated effects of substituting 30 min of sedentary time with low-light physical activity (LLPA) and high-light physical activity (HLPA) on episodic memory, executive functioning, and working memory among middle-aged and older Latinos. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting Chicago and Chicagoland suburbs. Subjects Middle-aged and older Latinos (n = 61). Measures Accelerometer-assessed physical activity. A cognitive battery was administered to assess episodic memory, executive function, and working memory. Analysis Isotemporal substitution analyses were conducted, where unstandardized coefficients from linear regression models were used to examine the substitution effect of replacing sedentary time with LLPA and HLPA. Results Substitution of sedentary time with LLPA was associated with better episodic memory (Immediate recall, B = .947, P = .008; Delayed recall, B = .857, P = .013). No other significant substitution effects were present. Conclusion Middle-aged and older Latinos who replace sedentary time with LLPA may have better episodic memory. Future studies may target light physical activity to address cognition disparities and can inform the development of physical activity interventions that are appealing and accessible for Latinos.
Biodegradable starch-polyvinyl alcohol composite films by the incorporation of lignin for packaging applications
Authors: Wang Shihui , Hao Yanling , He Qixiang , Gao Qiqi 
Published: February 2024

In this work, firstly, the optimal performance ratio of potato starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected, and then the sustainable high-grade food packaging film was developed by adding different amounts (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% based on the starch mass) of functional additive lignin into the starch - PVA film matrix. Starch - PVA based films with different amounts of lignin were studied from the aspects of morphology, physical and chemical properties, barrier properties, mechanical properties and antioxidant properties. Mechanical tests showed that lignin significantly improved the tensile strength (TS) of the film and effectively blocked the passage of water vapor. Lignin, starch and PVA were linked by hydrogen bond to form polymer network structure, which improved the interfacial compatibility between polymers. The interaction between polymer molecules and the distribution of lignin particles were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The high content of phenolic hydroxyl in lignin undergoes proton coupled electron transfer mechanism, which endows the composite film with high antioxidant activity, which is proved by DPPH radical scavenging activity experiment. At the same time, it also gives the film excellent UV barrier and antibacterial properties. The introduction of lignin in this study provides a valuable way for the preparation of multifunctional composite films using biomass as raw materials, and has a potential application prospect in food packaging.
The Management of Shvitra (Leukoderma) with Rakta mokshna (Jalauka vidhi) and Vaman vidhi: A Case Study
Authors: Vyas Kamal , Mahiskar Bhushan , Borkar Preeti , Singh Pratyendra Pal , Basnal Pooja , Balpande Khushali 
Published: February 2024

Background A frequent autoimmune condition that results in pigmentation all over the body is vitiligo. It is quite significant from a socio-medical perspective. A lack of melanocytes caused white patches to form on the body. In Ayurveda, it is comparable to Shvitra or Shweta Kushta. Finding some safe and efficient medications from alternative medical sciences is necessary because of the side effects and restrictions of modern contemporary practice. Vitiligo has a significant influence on patients’ quality of life; many of these people experience stigma and depression as a result of their disease. There is a lot of potential for Ayurveda to heal such autoimmune skin conditions. Treatment for Shvitra in Ayurveda includes Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Here is an example of a 27-year-old female patient with vitiligo who had Ayurvedic treatment, which included oral medication and treatments like vamana and after medicine there was a drastic change in patches. Methodology Vitiligo exerts a substantial impact on the quality of life for affected individuals, often inducing stigma and depression. Ayurveda demonstrates promising potential in addressing autoimmune dermatological conditions. Ayurvedic interventions for Shvitra encompass Panchakarma and Shaman Chikitsa. Results A recurrent autoimmune disorder leading to systemic pigmentation alterations is vitiligo, which holds considerable significance from a socio-medical standpoint. Depigmentation arises due to the absence of melanocytes, resulting in the manifestation of white patches on the integument. In the context of Ayurveda, vitiligo is akin to Shvitra or Shweta kushta. The exploration of safe and efficacious interventions from alternative medical disciplines becomes imperative due to the limitations and adverse effects associated with contemporary mainstream medical practices. Conclusion In this case study, a 27-year-old female patient diagnosed with vitiligo underwent Ayurvedic treatment, incorporating oral medications and therapeutic procedures like Vamana. Post-treatment, a remarkable transformation in depigmented patches was observed, underscoring the potential efficacy of Ayurveda in managing vitiligo.
Symptoms of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder Interactively Predict Children’s Verbal Fluency
Authors: Xing Jiayin , Wei Ran , Wang Hui , Hua Zihui , Tang Xinzhou , Yi Li , Li Xue , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Verbal fluency, the capacity to generate words from a designated category, predicts myriad cognitive and life outcomes. The study investigated verbal fluency in children with ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and comorbid ADHD and ASD, to understand how ADHD- and ASD-related symptoms individually and jointly predict verbal fluency, and the underlying linguistic and cognitive substrates. Method: Thirty-three school-aged children with ADHD, 27 with ASD, 25 with comorbid ADHD and ASD, and 39 with typical development, were assessed for ADHD and ASD symptoms and completed a semantic verbal fluency task. Results: Findings indicated that ADHD and ASD symptoms, especially ADHD hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and language-related ASD symptoms, interactively predicted verbal fluency across diagnostic groups. Conclusion: The study implicated the potential cognitive and linguistic mechanisms underlying verbal fluency differences in ADHD and/or ASD, and clinical practices on enhancing verbal fluency in these clinical groups.
Globally inconsistent: Countries with top health indices erratic developmental hip dysplasia screening protocols
Authors: Zusman Natalie L , Castañeda Pablo G , Goldstein Rachel Y 
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Developmental hip dysplasia is a prevalent pediatric musculoskeletal condition that lacks international standardized screening. We sought to characterize developmental hip dysplasia screening practices in countries with the top global health indices. We also explored diverse definitions in reported epidemiologic rates of this condition. Methods: We performed a scoping review of developmental hip dysplasia screening protocols utilizing countries ranked in the top 25 of the Bloomberg Global Health Index using a protocolized search strategy, progressing from academic to layperson sources. A reference was eligible for inclusion if it mentioned the countries’ screening program and developmental hip dysplasia was the pathology of concern. Incidence rates, when present, were also recorded. The United States Census Bureau’s International Database tool provided countries’ populations. We compiled the data and performed descriptive statistics and appropriate validation methods. Results: Twenty countries (80%) had searchable screening programs. Clinical screening with selective universal screening was the most commonly observed (n = 16). Four countries had universal ultrasound screening: Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia. Five countries did not have searchable programs. No countries employed radiographic screening. Incidence rates were expressly stated in the literature for nine countries; however, the cohort of interest varied from developmental hip dysplasia versus severity of developmental hip dysplasia versus miscellaneous (e.g. requiring hospitalization). Conclusion: The findings of this investigation highlight international inconsistencies regarding developmental hip dysplasia screening and epidemiologic data. Screening variations exist despite consensus statements calling for uniformity. We agree with prior literature advocating for increasing consistency in developmental hip dysplasia management or, at a minimum, increasing transparency regarding how we manage these young patients.
Prevalence of major non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors in Afghanistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Noormal Ahmad Siyar , Winkler Volker , Bhusari Sneha Bansi , Horstick Olaf , Louis Valérie R. , Deckert Andreas , Antia Khatia , Wasko Zahia , Rai Pratima , Mocruha Aline Frare , Dambach Peter 
Published: February 2024

Background:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and increasingly so in low- and middle-income countries. Afghanistan is dealing with a double burden of diseases, yet there has been no evidence synthesis on the prevalence of major NCDs and their risk factors.Objective:This study aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of the existing data on the prevalence of major NCDs and the common related risk factors in Afghanistan.Method:We systematically reviewed scientific articles from 2000 to 2022 that reported the prevalence of diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or cancer, and their risk factors in Afghanistan. Four online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar) and two local journals in Afghanistan (not indexed online) were systematically searched and screened. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised the quality of the articles. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using tabulated sheets.Results:Among 51 eligible articles, 10 (19.6%) focused on cancer, 10 (19.6%) on diabetes, 4 (7.8%) on CVDs, 4 (7.8%) on CRDs and 23 (45.1%) on risk factors as the primary outcome. Few articles addressed major NCD prevalence; no evidence of CVDs, cancer was 0.15%, asthma ranged between 0.3% and 17.3%, and diabetes was 12%. Pooled prevalence of hypertension and overweight were 31% and 35%, respectively. Central obesity was twice as prevalent in females (76% versus 40%). Similarly, gender differences were observed in smoking and snuff use with prevalence rates of 14% and 25% among males and 2% and 3% among females, respectively. A total of 14% of the population engaged in vigorous activity. Pooled prevalence for physical inactivity, general obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, dyslipidaemia and alcohol consumption couldn’t be calculated due to the heterogeneity of articles.Conclusion:Only little evidence is available on the prevalence of major NCDs in Afghanistan; however, the NCD risk factors are prevalent across the country. The quality of the available data, especially those of the local resources, is poor; therefore, further research should generate reliable evidence in order to inform policymakers on prioritizing interventions for controlling and managing NCDs.
Child Development Card (KKA) as a discriminant tool for the growth and development of stunted and normal children in Indonesia
Authors: Jatnika Ratna , Agustiani Hendriati , Abidin Fitri Ariyanti , Lubis Fitriani Yustikasari , Kustimah Kustimah , Febriani Lucia Voni , Syahlaa Syauqiyyah 
Published: February 2024

Background: Stunting is a significant concern in Indonesia, but its detection currently relies on anthropometric measurements, lacking the integration of comprehensive evaluations of child development. Therefore, the Child Development Card (KKA) serves as a valuable instrument employed to assess the growth and developmental aspects of children. Aim: This research aimed to investigate the potential of KKA as a discriminative tool for distinguishing between stunted and normal children. Methods: The participants consisted of 159 and 88 normal and stunted children aged 13–24 and 25–60 months. The aspects of children’s development examined included passive communication, social behavior, gross motor skills, active communication, fine motor skills, intelligence, and self-help skills. Discriminant analysis was conducted to identify the developmental aspects differentiating stunted children from normal children. Results: The analysis using SPSS 25 showed that the discriminating aspects of children’s development between stunted and normal children were gross motor skills, fine motor skills, passive communication, and intelligence. For the age group of 13–24 months, the discriminant function is represented as D = − 0.276 + 0.197 K - 0.511 GK + 0.361 KP. Meanwhile, for the age group of 25–60 months, the discriminant function is expressed as D = − 2.586 + 0.151 GK – 0.081 GH. Conclusion: Stunted and normal children could be differentiated based on four key aspects of development: gross and fine motor skills, passive communication, and intelligence. These findings aid in the early detection of stunted children and emphasize the crucial role of parental stimulation across these four aspects.
Integrating Patient Involvement Interventions within Clinical Practice: A Mixed-Methods Study of Health Care Professional Reasoning
Authors: Holm Anna , Rodkjær Lotte Ørneborg , Bekker Hilary Louise 
Published: February 2024

Background. Patient involvement interventions are complex interventions that improve patient involvement in treatment and care in health care systems. Studies report several benefits of patient involvement interventions and that health care professionals are positive about using them. However, they have not been explored as a collected group of interventions throughout the continuum of care and treatment. In addition, the relationship between patient involvement interventions and the clinical reasoning process of health care professionals has not been thoroughly studied. Design. This mixed-methods study was conducted at Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark between April and November 2022 using interview data from 12 health care professionals and survey data from 420 health care professionals. Informants were medical doctors, nurses, midwives, dietitians, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists who had direct contact with patients during their daily care and treatment. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed via inductive and deductive content analysis. Results. Communication and interaction were seen as overarching aspects of patient involvement, with patient involvement interventions being defined as concrete tools and methods to enhance health care professionals’ explicit clinical reasoning process. Limitations. It is unclear if results are representative of all health care professionals at the hospital or only those with a positive view of patient involvement interventions. Conclusions. Patient involvement interventions are viewed as beneficial for patients and fit with the clinical reasoning of health care professionals. Clinical reasoning may be an active ingredient in the development and implementation of patient involvement interventions. Implications. In practice, health care professionals need training in person-centered communication and the ability to articulate their clinical reasoning explicitly. In research, a more in-depth understanding of the interrelations between patient involvement interventions and clinical reasoning is needed. Highlights Communication and interaction are the fundamental goals of patient involvement in practice, regardless of which patient involvement intervention is being used. Clinical reasoning is often an unconscious process using tacit knowledge, but the use of patient involvement interventions may be a way for health care professionals (at both individual and group levels) to become more explicit about and aware of their reflections. Clinical reasoning can be viewed as a mechanism of change in the development and implementation of patient involvement interventions.
Exploring the novel duo of Reticulocalbin, and Sideroflexin as future biomarker candidates for Exacerbated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Das Sonu , Adiody Supriya , Varghese Jinsu , Vanditha M , Maria Evelyn , John Mathew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
COPD is a complex respiratory disorder with high morbidity and mortality rates. Even with the current conventional diagnostic methods, including circulating inflammatory biomarkers, underdiagnosis rates in COPD remain as high as 70%. Our study was a comparative cross-sectional study that aimed to address the diagnostic challenges by identifying future biomarker candidates in COPD variants.

Methods
This study used a label-free plasma proteomics approach that combined mass spectrometric data with bioinformatics to shed light on the functional roles of differentially expressed proteins in the COPD lung microenvironment. The predictive capacity of the screened proteins was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, with Western blot analysis validating protein expression patterns in an independent cohort.

Results
Our study identified three DEPs—reticulocalbin-1, sideroflexin-4, and liprinα-3 that consistently exhibited altered expression in COPD exacerbation. ROC analysis indicated strong predictive potential, with AUC values of 0.908, 0.715, and 0.856 for RCN1, SFXN4, and LIPα-3, respectively. Validation through Western blot analysis confirmed their expression patterns in an independent validation cohort.

Conclusions
Our study discovered a novel duo of proteins reticulocalbin-1, and sideroflexin-4 that showed potential as valuable future biomarkers for the diagnosis and clinical management of COPD exacerbations.