bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of iNKT Cells In Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Kandari Swarnima , . Ratnakar , Chandola Abhishek 
Published: November 2023

Background: Bronchial asthma is a prevalent inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration with eosinophils, lymphocytes, and mast cells in the airway leading to airway hypersensitivity and increased mucus secretion. T helper (Th) 2-based immune responses drive the inflammatory process. Numerous mechanisms are being studied to understand the progression of allergen induce asthma which subsequently led to the identification of a new population of T cells called the iNKT cells which showed promising results when experimented on murine models. iNKT cells are potent immune modulators involved in a variety of immunoregulations. This potency is the result of their ability to produce prime Th2 cytokines. The recognition of lipid antigens is required for the activation of iNKT cells. When an inflammation occurs due to Th2 cells and ozone, endogenous glycolipids become modified. This causes the activation of various subsets of iNKT cells and initiates airway hyperactivity. Infrequent human studies depict that the number of iNKT cells in BAL fluid ranges from 1 % of lung lymphocytes to 14 % which is a sign of dynamic fluctuation in the number of iNKT cells.
Methods: Selective literature review including primary and secondary sources of literature. Eg. Cochrane database, NCBI, MEDLINE database.
Role of Jalokaavacharana in the Management of Varicose Veins (Sirajgranthi)- A Case Study
Authors: Kazi Wasim , Patel Jigna , Sharma Varsha , Panchal Sonal 
Published: November 2023

When a vein becomes dilated, elongated and tortuous, the veins is said varicose. The common sight of varicosity are superficial venous system of lower limb effecting either long or short saphenous veins, oesophageal varices, varicosity of haemorrhoidal veins, varicosity of spermatic veins. Generally varicose veins are compared with sirajgranthi according to Ayurveda. Acharya Sushruta had described various types of granthi and its various treatment modalities among them jalaukaavacharana is one of them. Sushruta had given special chapter related to jalauka in which he had described the types, nomenclature, specific qualities of each types of jalauka, their method to apply and detach and how to do vamana of jalauka. Acharya charak also described jalauka as best amongst all anushashtras. Jalaukapossesessheet guna in nature and on the basis of sign and symptoms varicose veins can be correlated with sirajgranthi. In this case study a 36- year old woman of bilateral varicose veins was treated successfully and found symptomatic relief.
PENGARUH BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMEN PADA PEMBELIAN SAYUR DI PASAR MODERN JUMBO MART DELIMA DI KECAMATAN TAMPAN KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: KHASANAH USWATUN , Kusumawaty Yeni , Eliza Eliza 
Published: November 2023

Pasar modern merupakan pasar yang yang dikelola menggunakan manajemen yang lebih modern, dalam pengelolaan pasar modern dibutuhkan bauran pemasaran yang baik untuk menyampaikan informasi secara luas, memperkenalkan suatu produk barang dan jasa, merangsang konsumen untuk membeli bahkan menciptakan preferensi pribadi terhadap image suatu produk. Kecamatan Tampan memiliki 140 pasar modern salah satunya adalah pasar Modern Jumbo Mart Delima yang menjual berbagai kebutuhan masyarakat salah satunya sayur-sayuran dengan jenis terlengkap. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengetahui persepsi konsumen terhadap baurran pemasaran 2) Menganalisis bauran pemasaran produk, harga, tempat, pelayanan dan promosi terhadap perilaku konsumen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Pasar Modern Jumbo Mart Delima Di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria yaitu konsumen sudah berusia 17 tahun dan sudah berbelanja minimal dua kali. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini adalah produk,harga,tempat dan pelayanan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku konsumen, sedangkan pelayanan tidak berpengaruh signifikan.
Dynamic Response of Layered Media to Impact Loading (on the Example of Highways)
Authors: Tiraturyan A. N. , Vorobev A. V. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The main way to assess the load-bearing capacity of road structures (which are layered media consisting of materials of different stiffness) is through impact testing. The analysis of the results of these tests is reduced to the consideration of only peak values of vertical displacements without taking into account the change of these parameters in the frequency and time range. At the same time, it is the study of amplitude-frequency characteristics of displacements that can allow solving a number of urgent problems related, for example, to bringing the actual values of vertical displacements to the values under the design modes of operation of the structure.The purpose of the study is to analyze the dynamic response of layered media (road structures) of automobile roads to impact loading, aimed at bringing the actual parameters of the dynamic response to the design values regulated by the requirements of domestic regulatory documents on road design.Materials and Methods. Modern shock loading facilities allow to reproduce the load with a pulse time of 0.03 s, while the design values of elastic moduli are calculated for 0.1 s. To overcome this contradiction, the authors realized an exact solution of the dynamic Lame equation for a multilayered half-space and constructed a series of amplitude-frequency characteristics of displacements, from the processing of which a simplified functional dependence was derived.Results. The methodology of construction of amplitude-frequency characteristics of displacements on the surface of road pavement under impact impact has been developed, which finds its practical application. On the basis of the exact solution of the dynamic Lame equation by means of statistical processing, a simplified regression dependence for vertical displacements is established. An example of calculation of the elastic moduli of the road structure layers taking into account their reduction depending on the time of load application is presented.Discussion and Conclusion. Within the framework of the study, for the first time, a methodology for bringing the actual values of vertical displacements to the values under the design modes of operation of a road structure, based entirely on the computational analysis of its dynamic VAT, in particular, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of deformation under unsteady impact, has been obtained. The developed approach is able to significantly increase the reliability of diagnostics of highway condition, as well as to ensure the unity of measurements and results obtained during the design and diagnostics of roads.
Life cycle management of the ventilation system of a construction object
Authors: Samarskaya N. S. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In the article, the author considers a mechanical ventilation system as a complex technical system that can be effectively controlled based on a model of its life cycle. Like any engineering system (or product, product, project), a ventilation system has its own life cycle, consisting of a set of successive stages. Each stage is characterized by its own types of work and final results that require management decisions.Materials and Methods. The paper uses the method of analyzing the life cycle of complex technical systems, methods of collecting and processing statistical data, as well as methods of systematic and comparative analysis, generalization of scientific and practical results.Results. In the course of the conducted research, the author applied the "life cycle management" approach to ventilation systems and achieved the goal of developing a model of their life cycle, which includes all stages of system development from conception to disposal. Possible ways of managing the life cycle of ventilation systems from the perspective of continuous interconnection of processes are determined.Discussion and Conclusion. Effective life cycle management of a mechanical ventilation system can be implemented through the development of a software product capable of modeling processes and system elements even at the first stages of the life cycle. The software product should eliminate the existing problem of inconsistencies at different stages of work, store information about the object and provide access to it for each participant in the process. Solving the problem of creating a software product will ensure effective management of the entire life cycle of the ventilation system, reduce labor costs and inconsistencies and ensure compliance with modern requirements for operational reliability and energy efficiency of a vital engineering system.
Influence of the Long-Term Loading on the Strength and Rigidity of the Annular Section Poles
Authors: Shchutskiy V. L. , Efimenko E. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The modern methods of analysis and conducting the numerical experiments referring to calculation and design of constructions are mostly aimed at a deeper study of parameter changes of different structures exposed to the influence of the certain loads. Due to the course of time and upon obtaining and analysing the new results of the numerical studies, there arises the need to revise and update the normative documents developed in the past in the frame of studying the certain modes of structures’ operation. Bearing in mind the above-mentioned objective, the numerical study presented in this article has been carried out.Materials and Methods. It should be mentioned, that most of the previously conducted research was based on the results of the short-term exposure of the structures to the loads, but not enough attention was paid to the study of the influence of the long-term loading on the structures' operation. This paper presents the results of the numerical experiments investigating the load-bearing capacity, flexural rigidity and maximum force of the power transmission line poles exposed to the short-term and long-term loads. The specimen under study is the cylindrical power transmission line pole complying with the GOST 22687.2 “Centrifugal cylinder reinforced concrete posts for high-voltage transmission lines”.Results. The paper presents the results of studying the behaviour of the cylindrical reinforced concrete poles, serving as the supports for the electrical power transmission lines, under the short-term and long-term loading. The work provides the results of numerical experiments investigating the strength and rigidity parameters of the above-mentioned structures under different types of loading, as well as upon changing the eccentricities of the application of these loads. The assessment of the rigidity parameters change under the long-term exposure of the poles to the loads is carried out.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results, obtained during the numerical experiments, the strength and rigidity parameters of the annular section power transmission line poles were analysed, and proposals for improving the design codes were made that could become a basis for the further research on this issue.
Technology and Peculiarities of Production of Large-format Ceramic Stones Based on Opoka-like Rocks
Authors: Kotlyar V. D. , Terekhina Yu. V. , Lapunova K. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. One of the urgent tasks of the wall ceramics industry at present is the production of large-format ceramic stones with compressive strength of 10–15 MPa and thermal conductivity less than 0.12 W/(m·оС), while the market cost per 1 m3 should be competitive with gas-concrete blocks and be in the range of 5–6 thousand rubles per 1 m3. This problem can be solved by developing modern energy-efficient production technology and using opoko-like rocks and coal processing wastes as the main raw material as fuel and burnout additive.Materials and Methods. The opoka-like rocks — opokas from the deposits of southern Russia — Nagolnovskoye, Bakanskoye, Shakhtinskoye, Avilo-Fyodorovskoye, and coal cake produced by Pyramida LLC were used for research. The study of chemical and mineral composition was carried out by standard methods on prepared samples. The study of ceramic and technological properties (plasticity, molding moisture, degree of crushing, air and fire shrinkage, compressive strength, water absorption) of raw materials was carried out according to generally accepted methods on samples precrushed to a certain grain composition, since opokas, depending on the type, do not soak or slowly soak in water.Results. Pre-firing technological properties of opokas and their differences from traditional clay raw materials soaked in water were confirmed: increased molding moisture, small air shrinkage, low sensitivity to drying. The dependence of density and strength of samples on the degree of pulverization of opoka, firing temperature and the amount of carbon cake in the raw material mixture has been established. The influence of coal preparation wastes and their optimal amount on physical and mechanical properties of fired samples has been determined. The introduction of carbon cake allows to exclude the use of gas for firing or minimize its introduction. On the basis of the obtained results a simplified technological scheme for the production of large-format stones with minimum production cost has been developed.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed technological scheme consists of two units of the main mass preparation equipment, molding of products is carried out by semi-rigid extrusion, drying of products is carried out directly on kiln cars, and for firing coal cake is used, which is introduced into the raw mix. These factors and technological methods allow to obtain products with low thermal conductivity, but with strength 3–5 times higher than that of aerated concrete blocks of similar density. The prime cost of ceramic stones will amount to 3–3.5 thousand rubles per 1 m3 of products. Rostov region, possessing opoka-like rocks and unclaimed reserves of technogenic coal raw materials, can become a center of production of large-format ceramic stones with low cost and provide the south and central part of the country with highquality wall materials.
Studying the Efficiency of Composite Longitudinal and Transverse Reinforcement for Increasing the Strength and Rigidity of Flexible Eccentrically Compressed Reinforced Concrete Poles
Authors: Georgiev S. V. , Mailyan D. R. , Solovyova A. I. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. In recent years, the use of composite materials for improving the operational properties of the building constructions within the restoration process is gradually replacing the methods, developed for this purpose in the middle of the XXth century and implying the use of reinforced concrete and metal. However, the regulatory framework stipulating the process of strengthening the loadbearing structures of buildings and structures was developed based on the insufficient amount of experimental data. Due to this fact, the large number of structures, exceeding the normative limits, cannot be strengthened with the composite materials, or such strengthening incurs significant economic costs. Thus, nowadays, the experimental studies on strengthening the reinforced concrete structures with composite materials are considered to be forward-looking and relevant. The aim of this study is to analyse the results of a number of experiments conducted to investigate the use and efficiency of composite materials in construction. Materials and Methods. To determine the level of stress in composite carbon materials of the external reinforcement of the eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles, the tests were carried out with four specimens. All specimens were strengthened using different reinforcement schemes. The strain gauges with 2cm active measuring grid length were installed in the zones of the most evident work of the composite materials to measure the changes of relative deformation at each load level during testing of the specimens. From 10 to 16 strain gauges were installed at each structure, depending on the importance of the zones for determining the deformations.Results. The work presents the results of the study on determining the efficiency of composite longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for increasing the rigidity and strength of flexible eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles. The experimental data on the composite materials’ strength, deflections and relative deformations, obtained during testing of four reinforced concrete poles, is presented. The efficiency of composite reinforcement at ultimate strength and ultimate deflections is assessed. The relative deformations in composite materials are determined and the inclusion of the reinforcement system in the work of the strengthened reinforced concrete specimens is assessed.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, the analysis of the composite reinforcement efficiency has been carried out, and proposals have been developed on designing the reinforcement systems of the flexible eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles working with the large eccentricities of the load application.
On the Issue of Determining the Modulus of Elasticity of Bamboo Moso Under Tension
Authors: Skuratov S. V. , Shchutsky S. V. , Limantsev A. A. , Xuanzhen Song 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. A large number of works devoted to the research of physical and mechanical properties of bamboos, methods of nodal connections of bamboo rods are indicated. The main "bamboo" countries in which bamboo is gaining popularity as a structural material in the modern construction industry are listed. With the development of modern processing technologies, bamboo is widely used in the construction industry, including in the manufacture of slabs and boards, as well as in the decoration and interior decoration of rooms in Oriental style. The results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties of various types of bamboos conducted by scientists from different countries are currently combined into three ISO editions concerning building codes and rules for the use of bamboos in construction.Materials and Methods. Consideration of the macrostructure of bamboo allows us to characterize the high mechanical properties inherent in natural and artificial polymers. Such an approach to the consideration of bamboo and wood as natural polymers makes it possible to use methods applied to the testing of wood and structural plastics in determining the mechanical characteristics of bamboo. Two series of samples of five pieces each were made. Tables of geometric characteristics of the cross-section of the samples are compiled. A constructive solution is proposed related to the reinforcement of the sample blades with an epoxy composition in order to increase the reliability of securing the samples in the grips of the test rig.Results. To determine the elastic modulus of bamboo under tension, an experimental setup consisting of two grips in which the test sample is placed has been developed and manufactured. Through the lower gripper, the test load is applied by means of a steel rod with a loading platform on which the calibrated piece loads are stacked. To determine the magnitude of the absolute elongation of the sample base during stretching, contact deflection meters are used, as which watchtype indicators of the Mitutoyo company (Japan) are used.Discussion and Conclusion. The formula for determining the elastic modulus under tension is given. The arithmetic mean of the modulus of elasticity of the tested samples and the mean square deviation of the results of the modulus of elasticity are taken as the test result. The analysis of the obtained results allows us to conclude that the experimental values of the modulus of elasticity of Moso bamboo under tension reliably coincide with the values known in the technical literature.
Mathematical Modeling of Technological Processes of Concreting Monolithic Structures From Fine-Grained Mixtures
Authors: Kastornykh L. I. , Gikalo M. A. , Kaklyugin A. V. , Serebryanaya I. A. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction. The introduction of innovative technologies and materials in the construction industry is constrained by a number of reasons associated with insufficient knowledge of technological processes and the increased cost of highly efficient innovative materials. Therefore, studies in the field of monolithic concrete technology, reflecting the features of concreting structures from self-compacting mixtures and aimed at reducing their cost due to the use of construction waste, are relevant. The purpose of this work is experimental and statistical modeling of rheological characteristics of finegrained self-compacting concrete mixtures and physical and mechanical properties of concretes depending on the influence of two recipe factors — consumption of superplastifying additive and particle size distribution of aggregate including construction wastes.Materials and Methods. For the preparation of fine-grained self-compacting concrete mixtures, portlandcement CEM 0 52,5N, natural quartz sand and crushed concrete sand of a mixture of three fractions of 0.63–5.0 mm and a chemical additive - a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate esters Polyplast PK were used. Process characteristics of fine-grained self-compacting mixtures (workability, viscosity, fluidity) were determined by standard methods. The shear limits of the mixtures were set by means of an instrument comprising a cylinder with a nozzle and a glass base with circumferential marking. Modeling of rheological and physical-mechanical properties of fine-grained self-compacting concretes was carried out using a two-factor simplex-summed plan on a hexagon inscribed in a circle, which is one of the most convenient for solving technological problems of construction materials science.Results. Experimental-statistical models of rheological characteristics of fine-grained self-compacting mixtures and strength properties of concrete were obtained, adequately describing experimental data.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of mathematical planning methods of the experiment made it possible to comprehensively assess the influence of the two most significant recipe factors on the technological processes of concreting monolithic reinforced concrete structures from fine-grained self-compacting mixtures using aggregate from construction waste. It was established that optimal content of grains from crushed concrete in natural sand is 30–35 %, and dosage of superplasticizer Polyplast PK is 1.2–1.25 % of binder weight.
The Educational Planning and Development
Authors: Swe Tin Moh Moh , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Yahya Yahya 
Published: November 2023

A directed education process will bring this nation towards a better civilization. Conversely, an educational process that is not directed will only take up time, energy and funds without any results. Thus, the education system as the implementation of national education greatly determines the progress of a nation. To realize the goals of education, it is necessary to carry out planning and development in the world of education which continues to move forward by utilizing familiar technology in the 4.0 era. Planning is something that is important before doing anything else. Planning is considered important because it will determine and at the same time give direction to the goals to be achieved. Thus a work will be messy and undirected if there is no proper planning, careful and well-organized planning will have an impact on the achievement of educational goals that have been programmed. In addition, development can also determine the success or failure of a program, programs that do not go through good planning, then development tends to fail. The method in this research is literature review, namely by reviewing books and journals in accordance with the theory discussed in the article theme, namely to carry out in-depth discussions regarding Educational Planning and Development so that it can run optimally.
Keywords: Planning, Development, Education