bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighted estimates for fractional bilinear Hardy operators on variable exponent Morrey–Herz space
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Ayoob Irshad , Hussain Amjad , Mlaiki Nabil 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this article, we analyze the boundedness for the fractional bilinear Hardy operators on variable exponent weighted Morrey–Herz spaces ${M\dot{K}^{\alpha (\cdot ),\lambda}_{q,p(\cdot)}(w)}$
M

K
˙

q
,
p
(
⋅
)

α
(
⋅
)
,
λ

(
w
)
. Similar estimates are obtained for their commutators when the symbol functions belong to BMO space with variable exponents.
Informal sale of antibiotics in Guatemalan convenience stores before and after implementation of federal antibiotic dispensing legislation
Authors: Rojop N. , Moreno P. , Grajeda L. , Romero J. , Reynoso L. , Muñoz E. , Palmer G. H. , Cordón-Rosales C. , Call D. R. , Ramay B. M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Convenience stores in Guatemala provide essential consumer goods in communities, but many dispense antibiotics illegally. Federal legislation, passed in August of 2019, requires prescriptions for antibiotic purchase at pharmacies but it is unclear if this legislation is enforced or if it has any impact on unlawful sales of antibiotics.

Methods
To determine if antibiotic availability changed in convenience stores, we carried out a repeated measures study collecting antibiotic availability data before and after implementation of the dispensing regulation.

Results
There was no statistical difference in the proportion of convenience stores that sold antibiotics before and after antibiotic regulations [66.6% (295/443) and 66.7% (323/484), respectively, P>0.96], nor in the number of stores selling amoxicillin [55.5% (246/443) and 52.3% (253/484), respectively, P>0.96], but fewer stores (20%) sold tetracycline capsules after regulation was passed (P<0.05). For stores visited both before and after passage of legislation (n=157), 15% stopped selling antibiotics while 25% started selling antibiotics. Antibiotics from convenience stores were reportedly sold for use in people and animals.

Conclusions
Antibiotics remain widely available in convenience stores consistent with no significant change in the informal sector after implementation of prescription requirements for pharmacies. Importantly, effects from regulatory change could have been masked by potential changes in antibiotic use during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
Simultaneous inhibition of FAK and ROS1 synergistically repressed triple-negative breast cancer by upregulating p53 signalling
Authors: Tan Ximin , Kong Deguang , Tao Zhuoli , Cheng Fangling , Zhang Baoyuan , Wang Zaiqi , Mei Qi , Chen Chuang , Wu Kongming 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking effective targeted therapies, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. While targeting ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1) with crizotinib has shown promise, resistance remains a limitation. Recent evidence links focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to drug resistance, prompting our study to assess the combined impact of FAK inhibitor IN10018 and crizotinib in TNBC and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
We employed the Timer database to analyze FAK and ROS1 mRNA levels in TNBC and adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between FAK, ROS1, and TNBC clinical prognosis using the GSE database. We conducted various in vitro assays, including cell viability, colony formation, flow cytometry, EdU assays, and western blotting. Additionally, TNBC xenograft and human TNBC organoid models were established to assess the combined therapy’s efficacy. To comprehensively understand the synergistic anti-tumor mechanisms, we utilized multiple techniques, such as RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, cell flow cytometry, C11-BODIPY staining, MDA assay, and GSH assay.

Results
The Timer database revealed higher levels of FAK and ROS1 in TNBC tissues compared to normal tissues. Analysis of GEO databases indicated that patients with high FAK and ROS1 expression had the poorest prognosis. Western blotting confirmed increased p-FAK expression in crizotinib-resistant TNBC cells. In vitro experiments showed that the combination therapy down-regulated cyclin B1, p-Cdc2, and Bcl2 while up-regulating BAX, cleaved-Caspase-3, cleaved-Caspase-9, and cleaved PARP. In TNBC xenograft models, the tumor volume in the combination therapy group was 73% smaller compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the combination therapy resulted in a 70% reduction in cell viability in human TNBC organoid models (p < 0.0001). RNA sequencing analysis of TNBC cells and xenograft tumor tissues highlighted enrichment in oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, and p53 pathways. The combined group displayed a fivefold rise in the reactive oxygen species level, a 69% decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a sixfold increase in the lipid peroxidation in comparison to the control group. Western blotting demonstrated p53 upregulation and SCL7A11 and GPX4 downregulation in the combination group. The addition of a p53 inhibitor reversed these effects.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that the combination of IN10018 and crizotinib shows synergistic antitumor effects in TNBC. Mechanistically, this combination inhibits cell proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and induces ferroptosis, which is associated with increased p53 levels.
Exploring non-invasive precision treatment in non-small cell lung cancer patients through deep learning radiomics across imaging features and molecular phenotypes
Authors: Zhang Xingping , Zhang Guijuan , Qiu Xingting , Yin Jiao , Tan Wenjun , Yin Xiaoxia , Yang Hong , Wang Hua , Zhang Yanchun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Accurate prediction of tumor molecular alterations is vital for optimizing cancer treatment. Traditional tissue-based approaches encounter limitations due to invasiveness, heterogeneity, and molecular dynamic changes. We aim to develop and validate a deep learning radiomics framework to obtain imaging features that reflect various molecular changes, aiding first-line treatment decisions for cancer patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study involving 508 NSCLC patients from three institutions, incorporating CT images and clinicopathologic data. Two radiomic scores and a deep network feature were constructed on three data sources in the 3D tumor region. Using these features, we developed and validated the ‘Deep-RadScore,’ a deep learning radiomics model to predict prognostic factors, gene mutations, and immune molecule expression levels.

Findings
The Deep-RadScore exhibits strong discrimination for tumor molecular features. In the independent test cohort, it achieved impressive AUCs: 0.889 for lymphovascular invasion, 0.903 for pleural invasion, 0.894 for T staging; 0.884 for EGFR and ALK, 0.896 for KRAS and PIK3CA, 0.889 for TP53, 0.895 for ROS1; and 0.893 for PD-1/PD-L1. Fusing features yielded optimal predictive power, surpassing any single imaging feature. Correlation and interpretability analyses confirmed the effectiveness of customized deep network features in capturing additional imaging phenotypes beyond known radiomic features.

Interpretation
This proof-of-concept framework demonstrates that new biomarkers across imaging features and molecular phenotypes can be provided by fusing radiomic features and deep network features from multiple data sources. This holds the potential to offer valuable insights for radiological phenotyping in characterizing diverse tumor molecular alterations, thereby advancing the pursuit of non-invasive personalized treatment for NSCLC patients.
Nutrition of host plants influence the infectivity of nucleopolyhedrovirus to polyphagous caterpillar, Hyphantria cunea
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Geng Yishu , Qiao Heng , Liu Yu , Hu Tianyi , Xu Wenxuan , Hao Dejun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlants play an important role in interactions between insect herbivores and their pathogens. The ability of host plants to modify the infectivity of entomopathogens in herbivorous insects has been widely documented. However, the plants’ nutrients have always been neglected as a factor contributing to variation in the susceptibility of insect herbivores to entomopathogens. The fall-webworm (FWW), Hyphantria cunea Drury, is a typical polyphagous caterpillar, and the Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV) is a distinctly specialized baculovirus for the FWW, which is safe for other organisms and has been effectively used as a biological insecticide against H. cunea in China. In this study, we investigated the nutrient components of four host plant species, i.e., Prunus serrulate, Cerasus serrulate, Camptotheca acuminata, and Populus deltoides, and their effects on the susceptibility of H. cunea larvae to HycuNPV. The HycuNPV-infected larvae fed on P. deltoides leaves exhibited higher survival rates, longer survival times, more food intake, and gained larger body size. These biological parameters were positively correlated with the nitrogen components of host plant leaves. Moreover, the larval antioxidant enzymes exhibited different responses to HycuNPV. HycuNPV infection significantly triggered the catalase (CAT) and prophenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme activity levels of H. cunea larvae. The uninfected larvae fed on poplar leaves induced a robust increase in the POD activity, which could scavenge extra reactive oxygen species and provide a protective effect against the HycuNPV. In conclusion, the plant-mediated effects of HycuNPV on the FWW have been investigated in this study. The nitrogen content in dietary was an essential factor in determining the insect herbivore susceptibility to entomopathogenic viruses, and it helped explain variations in the susceptibility of pests to the entomopathogenic viruses and aid in developing more robust tolerance monitoring assays in the lab that reflect the performance of pests in the field.
Graphical Abstract
Elimination of Curtobacterium sp. strain A7_M15, a contaminant in Prunus rootstock tissue culture production, using reduced graphene oxide–silver–copper and silver–selenium nanocomposites
Authors: Tekielska Dorota , Pečenka Jakub , Hakalová Eliška , Čechová Jana , Bytešníková Zuzana , Richtera Lukáš , Kiss Tomáš , Eichmeier Aleš , Baránek Miroslav 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Bacterial contamination poses a high risk to the successful establishment and maintenance of plant tissue cultures. The aim of this study was to identify the isolates representing the frequent bacterial contaminants of Prunus rootstock tissue cultures and to determine the most effective concentration of nanomaterials for Curtobacterium sp. strain A7_M15 elimination without a negative impact on explants.

Results
Six Curtobacterium sp. strains were isolated and identified, and the whole-genome sequence was obtained for strain A7_M15. Two nanocomposites, reduced graphene oxide–copper–silver and silver–selenium, with the highest bactericidal activity were selected for elimination of Curtobacterium sp. contamination in Gisela 5 rootstock tissue cultures. Both nanocomposites showed 100% inhibition of bacterial plaque formation on culture medium at concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 Ag (2 ×–8 × MBC). The quantity of Curtobacterium sp. on culture medium assessed using cfu enumeration was reduced by 92% and 74% in comparison to the positive control after treatment with reduced graphene oxide–silver–copper and silver–selenium at a concentration of 200 mg L-1 Ag, respectively. None of the tested concentrations resulted in a decrease in Curtobacterium sp. quantity in explants. Curtobacterium sp. was detected in donor Gisela 5 plants, indicating an endophytic character of this bacterium. The dry weight of explants was not negatively affected by the application of nanocomposites regardless of concentration, and no detrimental effect of either nanocomposite at 100 or 200 mg L-1 Ag on the surface covered by plants was observed.

Conclusions
Reduced graphene oxide–silver–copper and silver–selenium nanocomposites at 200 mg L-1 Ag effectively limited the Curtobacterium sp. presence in micropropagated Prunus rootstock without causing phytotoxicity; therefore, those treatments could be offered as prevention with a high activity against bacterial contamination in plant tissue cultures.

Graphical Abstract
Validation of an alternative technique for RQ estimation in anesthetized pigs
Authors: Karlsson Jacob , Svedmyr Anders , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Lönnqvist Per-Arne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Respiratory quotient (RQ) is an important variable when assessing metabolic status in intensive care patients. However, analysis of RQ requires cumbersome technical equipment. The aim of the current study was to examine a simplified blood gas-based method of RQ assessment, using Douglas bag measurement of RQ (Douglas-RQ) as reference in a laboratory porcine model under metabolic steady state. In addition, we aimed at establishing reference values for RQ in the same population, thereby generating data to facilitate further research.

Methods
RQ was measured in 11 mechanically ventilated pigs under metabolic steady state using Douglas-RQ and CO-oximetry blood gas analysis of pulmonary artery and systemic carbon dioxide and oxygen content. The CO-oximetry data were used to calculate RQ (blood gas RQ). Paired recordings with both methods were made once in the morning and once in the afternoon and values obtained were analyzed for potential significant differences.

Results
The average Douglas-RQ, for all data points over the whole day, was 0.97 (95%CI 0.95–0.99). The corresponding blood gas RQ was 0.95 (95%CI 0.87–1.02). There was no statistically significant difference in RQ values obtained using Douglas-RQ or blood gas RQ for all data over the whole day (P = 0.43). Bias was − 0.02 (95% limits of agreement ± 0.3). Douglas-RQ decreased during the day 1.00 (95%CI 0.97–1.03) vs 0.95 (95%CI 0.92–0.98) P < 0.001, whereas the decrease was not significant for blood gas RQ 1.02 (95%CI 0.89–1.16 vs 0.87 (0.80–0.94) P = 0.11.

Conclusion
RQ values obtained with blood gas analysis did not differ statistically, compared to gold standard Douglas bag RQ measurement, showing low bias but relatively large limits of agreement, when analyzed for the whole day. This indicates that a simplified blood gas-based method for RQ estimations may be used as an alternative to gold standard expired gas analysis on a group level, even if individual values may differ. In addition, RQ estimated with Douglas bag analysis of exhaled air, was 0.97 in anesthetized non-fasted pigs and decreased during prolonged anesthesia.
Ultrasound microflow patterns help in distinguishing malignant from benign thyroid nodules
Authors: Li Wanying , Gao Luying , Du Yiyan , Wang Ying , Yang Xiao , Wang Hongyan , Li Jianchu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Vascular features are not commonly used to evaluate thyroid nodules by conventional ultrasound due to the low sensitivity. Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) is a new ultrasonic Doppler technology that specializes in depicting microvessels and low-speed flow. The objective of this study was to explore the value of microflow features on SMI in differentiating malignant from benign thyroid nodules.

Methods
One hundred and seventy-seven adult patients with thyroid nodules in our center from October 2021 to June 2022 with available histopathological results were recruited, including 125 malignant nodules and 123 benign nodules. Preoperative ultrasound was performed using greyscale, Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI), monochrome SMI (mSMI) and color SMI (cSMI). Vascular features such as flow richness, microflow distribution and microflow patterns of malignant thyroid nodules were compared with those of benign nodules.

Results
Penetrating vessel ≥ 1 (82.4% in the malignant group vs. 30.9% in the benign group, P < 0.001), the crab claw-like pattern (64.0% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.001) and the root hair-like pattern (8.0% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.049) were common in malignant thyroid nodules, among which the crab claw-like pattern was an independent risk factor for malignant thyroid nodules. The wheel-like pattern (1.6% in the malignant group vs. 33.3% in the benign group, P < 0.001) and the arborescent pattern (0 vs. 19.5%, P < 0.001) were more likely to appear in benign nodules. The diagnostic specificities of the crab claw-like pattern and the root hair-like pattern for malignant thyroid nodules were 0.894, 0.976, and the positive predictive values were 0.860, 0.769. The diagnostic specificities of the wheel-like pattern and the arborescent pattern for benign thyroid nodules were 0.984, 1.000, and the positive predictive values were 0.953, 1.000.

Conclusions
The crab claw-like pattern and the root hair-like pattern were microflow characteristics of malignant thyroid nodules. The wheel-like pattern and the arborescent pattern could help exclude the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.
Mobile immobility: an exploratory study of rural women’s engagement with e-commerce livestreaming in China
Authors: Huang Yanning , Yang Zi , Chang Kuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBased on our fieldwork in Yunnan Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, this paper explores the different ways in which Chinese rural women engage with the rising industry of e-commerce livestreaming related to agricultural products and villages. Our analytical framework is informed by feminist political economy, which pays heed to the gendered social settings, operation of power, and entanglement between women’s domesticity and productivity that underpin people’s economic activities. We argue that Chinese rural women’s simultaneous empowerment and disempowerment by e-commerce livestreaming are characterized by “mobile immobility”, a term inspired by Wallis’s (2013) research on rural women’s technological empowerment by mobile phones a decade ago. On the one hand, this latest form of e-commerce has created an apparently accessible path for rural women, who tend to be geographically immobile, to achieve social mobility by becoming professional webcasters and/or vloggers. On the other hand, this enablement is in fact classed, aged, and preconditioned on in-laws’ support and willingness to share these women’s domestic duties, which are not guaranteed. The urban-oriented digital economy of e-commerce livestreaming capitalizes on rural young women’s femininity, docile bodies and labor as well as the reproductive labor performed by their family members at the microlevel, reinforcing the urban–rural disparity at the macrolevel. The paper ends with reflections on the role of information and communication technologies and e-commerce in the development of rural China.
A descriptive study on spatial and temporal distributions of genetic clusters of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Lambert Marie-Ève , Arsenault Julie , Côté Jean-Charles , D’Allaire Sylvie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The wide diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains combined with incomplete heterologous cross-protection complicates the management of the disease at both the herd and the regional levels. The objectives of this study were to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of various PRRSV genetic clusters infecting pig sites in Quebec, Canada, and to compare PRRSV regional diversity of wild-type sequences over the years.

Materials and methods
A retrospective surveillance-based study was conducted on all pig sites which had PRRSV ORF5 sequences from field submissions transferred into the Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine porcine database from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from multiple sequence alignment was used to identify genetic clusters. For each wild-type cluster gathering ≥ 15 sequences, the number of pig sites in which the cluster was detected per administrative region and per year were displayed on bubble charts and the spatiotemporal distribution of pig sites was illustrated using pie chart maps. A molecular analysis of variance was performed to compare PRRSV wild-type sequence diversity according to the administrative region for each year.

Results
A total of 32 wild-type clusters gathering 1653 PRRSV2 sequences from 693 pig sites were described. Each cluster was detected on up to 132 pig sites and 7 administrative regions over the 10-year period. Annually, the mean (min–max) number of wild-type clusters detected in at least one pig site reached 24 (17–29). Some clusters remained localized on a few sites over time whereas others were widespread over the territory during a few or many years. For each year, regional differences were also observed in PRRSV diversity of wild-type sequences.

Conclusions
The differences observed in both the spatiotemporal distributions of PRRSV clusters and in the regional diversity of wild-type sequences highlight the importance of ongoing provincial surveillance to improve collective PRRS management strategies.
Enhanced detection of obfuscated malware in memory dumps: a machine learning approach for advanced cybersecurity
Authors: Hossain Md. Alamgir , Islam Md. Saiful 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the realm of cybersecurity, the detection and analysis of obfuscated malware remain a critical challenge, especially in the context of memory dumps. This research paper presents a novel machine learning-based framework designed to enhance the detection and analytical capabilities against such elusive threats for binary and multi type’s malware. Our approach leverages a comprehensive dataset comprising benign and malicious memory dumps, encompassing a wide array of obfuscated malware types including Spyware, Ransomware, and Trojan Horses with their sub-categories. We begin by employing rigorous data preprocessing methods, including the normalization of memory dumps and encoding of categorical data. To tackle the issue of class imbalance, a Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique is utilized, ensuring a balanced representation of various malware types. Feature selection is meticulously conducted through Chi-Square tests, mutual information, and correlation analyses, refining the model’s focus on the most indicative attributes of obfuscated malware. The heart of our framework lies in the deployment of an Ensemble-based Classifier, chosen for its robustness and effectiveness in handling complex data structures. The model’s performance is rigorously evaluated using a suite of metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) with other evaluation metrics to assess the model’s efficiency. The proposed model demonstrates a detection accuracy exceeding 99% across all cases, surpassing the performance of all existing models in the realm of malware detection.
Essays on Partial Derangement of the Mind in Supposed Connexion with Religion by John Cheyne
Authors: Cook Christopher C.H. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Essays on Partial Derangement of the Mind in Supposed Connection with Religion, written amidst the illness of its author almost two centuries ago, was the little-known work of a distinguished physician. Seeking to rebut the argument that religion is causative of ‘derangement of the mind’ it takes a surprisingly biological view of such conditions while, at the same time, affirming the importance of faith, hope and love in human well-being. Despite its limitations, it makes observations that remain relevant to debates about religion and psychiatry today.