bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Synthesis of Fluorinated Carbohydrates Using N,N‐Diethyl‐α,α‐difluoro‐(m‐methylbenzyl)amine.
Authors: Kobayashi Shingo , Yoneda Atushi , Fukuhara Tsuyoshi , Hara Shoji 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Flavonoids from Andrographis viscosula.
Authors: Rao Yerra Koteswara , Damu Amooru Gangaiah , Rao Alahari Janardhan , Venkatesan Shanmuganathan , Kuo Ping‐Chung , Rao Chunduri Venkata , Wu Tian‐Shung 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microbial Transformation of Terreusinone, an Ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A) Protecting Dipyrroloquinone, by Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Li XiFeng , Lee Sang Mi , Choi Hong Dae , Kang Jung Sook , Son Byeng Wha 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Floating shield current suppression trap
Authors: Seeber D.A. , Jevtic J. , Menon A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractShield currents or common mode currents affect coil tuning, coil‐to‐coil coupling in phased array coils, image inhomogeneity, and most importantly can cause serious patient burns. Traditionally in MRI, shield currents are reduced by cable traps; they consist of a wound coaxial cable inductor tuned to the desired resonance frequency by a capacitor between end turns of the coaxial cable ground shield. This method increases losses and effects the overall phase distance between the coil and the preamplifiers. We present a cable trap that does not connect or solder to the cable and is completely splitable, allowing easy fitting over any cable without affecting any coil parameters (tuning or phase length). Multiple cables can be placed inside the shield current trap to simultaneously attenuate the shield currents from up to eight cables, as currently designed. The shield current trap reduces shield currents at 64 MHz by ∼30 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 26–31, 2004.
Pulse programmer for electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Gromov I. , Glass B. , Keller J. , Shane J. , Forrer J. , Tschaggelar R. , Schweiger A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe design of a new pulse programmer is presented. It is based on an application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and designed to fulfill the requirements of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The pulse EPR ASIC provides a high time resolution (2 ns) and a high channel density (8 channels per chip). The pulse sequences are controlled by a digital signal processor (DSP). The sequence processing is solved in a general way: the pulse program, written in a high‐level Pulse Programming Language (PPL), is interpreted by the DSP, which then calculates a bit image, loads it to the ASICs, and controls the sequence flow. The approach allows any sequence to be easily programmed, and the pulse EPR experiments can be carried out in real time on a repetition rate of up to 2 kHz. The new pulse programmer provides the same or even a higher time resolution and channel density than general‐purpose commercial programmers, which are in use in home‐built EPR spectrometers. At the same time, the device has a shorter reprogramming time than these programmers and can compete, in particular for 2D experiments, with the existing pulse EPR‐oriented commercial systems. In comparison with commercial analogs the software provides the users with a more flexible control over the sequence programming. The capacity of the programmer for work is demonstrated by three‐pulse ESEEM and HYSCORE experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 21B: 1–10, 2004.
Outcome after local recurrence of osteosarcoma
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Shah Nirali , McCarville M. Beth , Billups Catherine A. , Neel Michael N. , Rao Bhaskar N. , Daw Najat C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite improvements in therapy for osteosarcoma, approximately 4–10% of patients experience a local recurrence and have a poor prognosis.METHODSThe authors analyzed prognostic factors for survival in 26 patients with a local recurrence of osteosarcoma who were treated between 1970 and 2000.RESULTSThe initial surgical procedure was amputation in 20 patients (76.9%) and limb salvage in 6 patients (23.1%). The median time from the diagnosis of osteosarcoma to local recurrence was 1.2 years (range, 1.2 months–6.1 years). Eleven patients (42.3%) developed an isolated local recurrence and 15 patients (57.7%) developed local and distant recurrence. The 5‐year estimate of postrecurrence survival (PRS) (± 1 standard error) for the 26 patients was 19.2% ± 7.7%. Recurrence ≥ 2 years from the time of diagnosis was found to predict a better outcome (5‐year PRS of 50.0% ± 20.4%) compared with earlier recurrence (10.0% ± 5.5%) (P = 0.037). Patients with negative margins after initial surgery were found to have improved survival (5‐year PRS of 33.3% ± 13.6%) compared with patients with positive margins (7.1% ± 4.9%) (P = 0.015). Patients who underwent complete surgical resection at the time of recurrence were found to have a better PRS (5‐year PRS of 41.7% ± 14.2%) compared with patients who did not undergo surgery (0% ± 0%) (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis for patients after local recurrence of osteosarcoma is poor. Complete surgical resection at the time of recurrence is essential for survival. Positive margins at the time of initial surgical resection and early recurrence appear to be poor prognostic factors. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Repeat breast‐conserving surgery for in‐breast local breast carcinoma recurrence
Authors: Kuerer Henry M. , Arthur Douglas W. , Haffty Bruce G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMastectomy is the current standard of care for in‐breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The objective of the current study was to critically review the rationale for and the theoretic and actual risks and benefits of repeat breast‐conserving surgery followed by partial breast irradiation (PBI) for in‐breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. The main outcomes of interest were local control and survival after in‐breast local recurrence and side effects, complications, and cosmesis after reirradiation of the breast. The risk of local recurrence was not found to be eliminated with mastectomy; approximately 2–32% of patients treated with mastectomy develop a chest wall recurrence. The interpretation of local control rates in evaluating repeat breast‐conserving surgery studies is difficult because of the lack of information regarding preoperative diagnostic mammography to rule out concurrent multicentric disease and microscopic margin status after surgery. Rates of subsequent local recurrence in these studies appeared to be between 19–50%, similar to reported rates of in‐breast local recurrence in patients with a first diagnosis of breast carcinoma who were treated with conservative surgery without irradiation. Early follow‐up studies of breast reirradiation suggest that catheter‐based interstitial brachytherapy and standard external beam radiation therapy can be delivered to the breast more than once without significant side effects in most patients and with acceptable cosmesis in some patients. Mastectomy may not be necessary in all patients with an in‐breast local recurrence of breast carcinoma. Recent advances in conformal radiation delivery and single‐center published reports concerning repeat breast‐conserving therapy support well designed prospective trials to formally test this hypothesis. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Expression of MOR1C‐like μ‐opioid receptor mRNA in rats
Authors: Schnell Stephen A. , Wessendorf Martin W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to clone a cDNA fragment of a putative G‐protein–coupled receptor from rat brain total RNA. Nucleotide sequencing of this cDNA fragment showed it to be homologous to that of the μ‐opioid receptor splice variant MOR1C from mice. We used the cDNA to make an RNA probe for a ribonuclease protection assay (RPA). The results from the RPA showed a protected fragment of the size expected for MOR1C mRNA, as well as other RNase‐protected fragments that may indicate the existence of other MOR1 transcripts. We then used the RNA probe for in situ hybridization (ISH) experiments. We detected strong autoradiographic labeling over much of the rat telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. These findings suggest that MOR1C, and possibly other MOR1 splice variants, are important components of the system by which the actions of opioids are transduced. J. Comp. Neurol. 473:213–232, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local Structure of Amorphous Ice as Revealed by O K‐Edge EXAFS
Authors: Zubavichus Yan , Yang Yongjie , Zharnikov Michael , Fuchs Oliver , Schmidt Thomas , Heske Clemens , Umbach Eberhard , Tzvetkov George , Netzer Falko P. , Grunze Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe oxygen K‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum of an ice film prepared by deposition of water vapor on a substrate at 100 K was measured in the surface‐sensitive Auger yield mode. Five distinct peaks are revealed in the Fourier transform spectrum of the EXAFS data. The peaks are attributed to OH bonds (with overlapping contributions from intramolecular covalent and intermolecular hydrogen bonds) as well as to intermolecular O⋅⋅⋅O scattering paths in the distance range of 1–7 Å. The pattern of the longer O⋅⋅⋅O distances resembles that of a high‐pressure crystalline modification of ice (ice II).
Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations in the Grand Canonical Ensemble: Applications to Polymer Brushes
Authors: Goujon Florent , Malfreyt Patrice , Tildesley Dominic J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have used the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method in the grand canonical ensemble to study the compression of grafted polymer brushes in good solvent conditions. The force–distance profiles calculated from DPD simulations in the grand canonical ensemble are in very good agreement with the self‐consistent field (SCF) theoretical models and with experimental results for two polystyrene brush layers grafted onto mica surfaces in toluene.
Single Bubble Sonoluminescence–A Chemist's Overview
Authors: Ashokkumar Muthupandian , Grieser Franz 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe phenomenon of sonoluminescence has been known for over 60 years but it is only over the last few years that a better understanding of its origins has emerged. In part the discovery of single bubble sonoluminescence, just over 10 years ago, has been a major contributor to the theoretical advances that have been made to account for the event. This Minireview is from the perspective of a physical chemist and considers the progress that has been made in understanding the role of solutes in affecting the sonoluminescence from a solution exposed to ultrasound. The physicochemical properties of solutes that are important in controlling both single bubble and multibubble sonoluminescence are discussed.
Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of the Molecular and Electronic Structures of a Terthiophene‐Based Quinodimethane
Authors: Casado Juan , Pappenfus Ted M. , Mann Kent R. , Ortí Enrique , Viruela Pedro M. , Milián Begoña , Hernández Víctor , López Navarrete Juan T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe UV/Vis, infrared absorption, and Raman scattering spectra of 3′,4′‐dibutyl‐5,5″‐bis(dicyanomethylene)‐5,5″‐dihydro‐2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene have been analyzed with the aid of density functional theory calculations. The compound exhibits a quinoid structure in its ground electronic state and presents an intramolecular charge transfer from the terthiophene moiety to the C(CN)2 groups. The molecular system therefore consists of an electron‐deficient terthiophene backbone end‐capped with electron‐rich C(CN)2 groups. The molecule is characterized by a strong absorption in the red, due to the HOMO→LUMO π–π* electronic transition of the terthiophene backbone that shifts hypsochromically on passing from the solid state to solution and with the polarity of the solvent. The analysis of the vibrational spectra confirms the structural conclusions and supports the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer. Vibrational spectra in several solvents and as a function of temperature have also been studied. Significant frequency upshifts of the vibrations involved in the π‐electron‐conjugated pathway have been noticed upon solution in polar solvents and with the lowering of the temperature. Finally, we propose a quinoid molecule as a reliable structural and electronic model for dication species in doped oligothiophenes or for bipolaron charged defects in doped polythiophene.
Structure and Dynamics of Self‐Assembled Poly(ethylene glycol) Based Coiled‐Coil Nano‐Objects
Authors: Vandermeulen Guido W. M. , Hinderberger Dariush , Xu Hui , Sheiko Sergei S. , Jeschke Gunnar , Klok Harm‐Anton 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHerein we describe the structure and dynamics of self‐assembled nano‐objects generated from poly(ethylene glycol) based (PEGylated) coiled‐coil hybrid block copolymers. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments on spin‐labeled samples provided a strong indication for a parallel alignment of the peptide helices in at least the dimeric coiled‐coil nano‐object and indicated that the PEG chains are folded rather closely around the peptide core of the nano‐objects. The EPR results were supported by AFM studies, which revealed the presence of discrete nanosized objects in thin, spin cast films of the block copolymers on mica substrates. Since their size and structure may be engineered via directed mutations in the amino acid sequence, these nano‐objects may be interesting building blocks for the development of supramolecular materials with various potential applications.
Discovery of the New Metastable HONF. Radical
Authors: Cacace Fulvio , de Petris Giulia , Rosi Marzio , Troiani Anna 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe new radical HONF has been detected in the gas phase by neutralization–reionization mass spectrometry (NRMS). The radical has been identified and directly characterized as a gaseous isolated species, having a lifetime of at least 1 μs and a linear cis–trans structure of H‐O‐N‐F connectivity. Detection of this molecule, which is highly unstable towards the dissociation into HF and NO and kinetically sufficiently stable to be observed, represents an advance in the search for high‐energy species.
Thioacetylacetone: Structural and Vibrational Assignments
Authors: Posokhov Yevgen , Gorski Alexander , Spanget‐Larsen Jens , Duus Fritz , Hansen Poul Erik , Waluk Jacek 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThioacetylacetone and its variously deuterated isotopomers have been investigated using electronic and vibrational spectroscopy combined with quantum chemical calculations. Thioacetylacetone is known for its photochromic properties, but the structures of the initial and final forms have been the subject of a long debate. Analysis of the IR spectra recorded in low‐temperature argon and xenon matrices, room‐temperature solutions, and in the gas phase has allowed us to establish the nature of the photochromic species and of its precursor. Similar to the case of another β‐thioxoketone, monothiodibenzoylmethane, the photoproduct has been assigned to the nonchelated SH exo‐rotamer of the (Z)‐enethiol tautomeric form, whereas the dominant ground‐state species corresponds to the chelated (Z)‐enol tautomeric form. Detailed vibrational assignments have been proposed for both forms based on quantum chemical calculations and polarization experiments. In the case of the chelated (Z)‐enol species prevailing in the ground state, a second‐order perturbative anharmonic analysis at the B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level indicated strong anharmonic effects associated with the intramolecular hydrogen bond, leading to a shift of more than 600 cm−1 of the wavenumber of the OH‐stretching vibration. A small fraction of the SH endo‐rotameric chelated (Z)‐enethiol form was also detected under unperturbed conditions. The (Z)‐enethiol form can be converted into the (Z)‐enol form by irradiation at 290 nm.
Proposal and performance evaluation of a packet over VDSL protocol for increasing throughput in the transmission of IP packets
Authors: Chiaraluce Franco , Gambi Ennio , Pierleoni Paola , Spinsante Susanna 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a possible implementation of a Packet over very high bit rate digital subscriber line protocol with reduced impact of the overhead when transmitting Internet protocol packets. The proposal relates to some shared opinions about the inefficiency of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) layer when used to transport this kind of packets, and it is based on proper adaptation of previous recommendations and standards. It is numerically shown that a significant throughput increase is achieved when the new protocol is used in place of the current ATM adaptation layer type 5/ATM protocol. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct comparative framework of customer satisfaction: An application to Internet search engines
Authors: Wu Jianan , Padgett Dan 
Published: April 2004

Traditionally, satisfaction evaluations have been studied in the expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm in which customers compare firm performance to expectations. The current customer-satisfaction framework incorporates competitive comparisons indirectly through expectations. However, in markets in which competing alternatives are often primed in the evaluation context (e.g., product and retailer information presented in Bizrate.com), customers may directly compare performance and satisfaction across competing alternatives. In this article, we develop a direct comparative framework (DCF) of customer satisfaction. To make our DCF managerially useful, we also develop an operational model that managers can use to draw strategic insights based on customers’ satisfaction evaluations. We demonstrate our framework and operational model by applying them to the Internet search-engine market.
Genetic analysis of bulimia nervosa: Methods and sample description
Authors: Kaye Walter H. , Devlin Bernie , Barbarich Nicole , Bulik Cynthia M. , Thornton Laura , Bacanu Silviu‐Alin , Fichter Manfred M. , Halmi Katherine A. , Kaplan Allan S. , Strober Michael , Woodside D. Blake , Bergen Andrew W. , Crow Scott , Mitchell James , Rotondo Alessandro , Mauri Mauro , Cassano Giovanni , Keel Pamela , Plotnicov Katherine , Pollice Christine , Klump Kelly L. , Lilenfeld Lisa R. , Ganjei J. Kelly , Quadflieg Norbert , Berrettini Wade H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectiveTwin and family studies suggest that genetic variants contribute to the pathogenesis of bulimia nervosa (BN) and anorexia nervosa (AN). The Price Foundation has supported an international, multisite study of families with these disorders to identify these genetic variations. The current study presents the clinical characteristics of this sample as well as a description of the study methodology.MethodAll probands met modified criteria for BN or bulimia nervosa with a history of AN (BAN) as defined in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). All affected relatives met DSM‐IV criteria for BN, AN, BAN, or eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). Probands and affected relatives were assessed diagnostically using both trained‐rater and self‐report assessments. DNA samples were collected from probands, affected relatives, and available biologic parents.ResultsAssessments were obtained from 163 BN probands and 165 BAN probands. Overall, there were 365 relative pairs available for linkage analysis. Of the affected relatives of BN probands, 62 were diagnosed as BN (34.8%), 49 as BAN (27.5%), 35 as AN (19.7%), and 32 as EDNOS (18.0%). For the relatives of BAN probands, 42 were diagnosed as BN (22.5%), 67 as BAN (35.8%), 48 as AN (25.7%), and 30 as EDNOS (16.0%).DiscussionThis study represents the largest genetic study of eating disorders to date. Clinical data indicate that although there are a large number of individuals with BN disorders, a range of eating pathology is represented in the sample, allowing for the examination of several different phenotypes in molecular genetic analyses. © 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 35: 556–570, 2004.
Electrochemical Sensor for Sulfite and Sulfur Dioxide Based on 3‐Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Derived Sol‐Gel Composite Electrode
Authors: Ravi Shankaran Dhesingh , Iimura Ken‐Ichi , Kato Teiji 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new sol‐gel derived composite sensor has been developed for the determination of sulfite and sulfur dioxide using 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ferrous sulfate and graphite powder by sol‐gel process. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry studies revealed that the modified iron dispersed sol‐gel derived ceramic composite electrode exhibited excellent characteristics for the electrocatalytic oxidation of sulfite at a reduced potential of +0.35 V with good sensitivity and selectivity. The pH and the potential for sulfite estimation have been optimized. The sensor exhibited rapid and linear response to sulfite in the concentration range from 0.73 mg/L to 95.42 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The proposed sensor can be utilized for the determination sulfur dioxide after absorbing in a suitable medium and has promising characteristics such as, rapid response, good reproducibility and remarkable stability.
An experimental and computer simulation study of erosion on a mine tailings dam wall
Authors: Hancock G. R. , Willgoose G. R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractMine tailings dams pose a signiﬁcant risk to the environment if not correctly designed, built and maintained. The effect of erosion on a back‐ﬁlled and capped earthen dam wall was examined by construction of an analogue in an experimental model landscape simulator. The ability of a computer‐based erosion model to simulate erosion processes on the experimental structure was examined. The experimental landscape simulator uses a rainfall simulator to create overland ﬂow and erode an artiﬁcial soil. At the commencement of rainfall, erosion occurred rapidly with deep gullies developing on the dam wall batter. The gullies developed by downcutting, with consequent bank collapse and slumping, and followed ﬂow lines towards their source. A physically based erosion model (SIBERIA) was used to simulate erosion on the experimental dam wall. Erosion and consequent development of the experimental structure were modelled by SIBERIA. The ability of SIBERIA to model incision and landscape development in the experimental setting was further examined by use of a simple one‐dimensional experimental catchment. The laboratory experiment and computer simulations demonstrated that erosion on the tailings dam is driven by concentrated runoff and that runoff control is crucial to the long‐term stability of such structures. The study demonstrates that computer‐based erosion models can be used to predict how erosion occurs on the experimental landscapes examined, thus providing conﬁdence in their use and application. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.