bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schule als Ort der Cannabisprävention – Was wir von Kanada lernen können
Authors: Steimle Larissa , Stöver Heino 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Im Zuge der Diskussionen um die Legalisierung von Cannabis in Deutschland wird der Schutz von Kindern und Jugendlichen oft als Gegenargument verwendet. In der Tat sollten insbesondere Heranwachsende vor einem Substanzkonsum geschützt werden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, zu diskutieren, wie dies gelingen kann.

Methoden
Kanada legalisierte bereits 2018 den Freizeit-Cannabiskonsum für Erwachsene. Ziel der Legalisierung war es u. a., junge Menschen besser vor einem Konsum zu schützen. In diesem Beitrag wird daher aufgezeigt, wie Kanada mit dem Thema Jugendschutz umgeht, wobei v. a. der Kontext Schule fokussiert wird und welche Schlussfolgerungen sich hieraus für Deutschland ableiten lassen.

Schlussfolgerungen
Am Beispiel Kanada zeigt sich, dass Schule ein Ort ist, der zum Schutz von Heranwachsenden aktiv genutzt werden sollte. Maßnahmen im Hinblick auf Cannabis sollten über ausschließlich abstinenzorientierte, wissensbasierte Aufklärungsprogramme hinausgehen. Entsprechend bedarf es eines ganzheitlichen, universellen und multimodalen Ansatzes bestehend aus Primärprävention, Schadensminimierung, Reduzierung von Stigmatisierung sowie Ansätzen zur Chancengleichheit, um Jugendliche bestmöglich schützen zu können.
Automated Trajectory Planning and Analytical Improvement for Automated Repair by Robot-Guided Cold Spray
Authors: Lewke Marcel , Wu Hongjian , List Alexander , Gärtner Frank , Klassen Thomas , Fay Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCold spraying has emerged as a promising technique for the repair of metallic components. Manipulating the cold spray gun by industrial robots, referred to as robot-guided cold spraying, enables flexible and controlled material deposition. This work proposes a concept for automated planning of robotic cold spray paths and trajectories, enabling effective and efficient material deposition at specified repair locations. The concept incorporates predefined cold spray parameterizations and boundary conditions to provide the best possible material deposition for the individual repair application. The concept begins with the extraction of the volume to be filled. This volume is then sliced into suitable adaptively curved layers and converted into point clouds for path planning. Subsequently, the cold spray path is converted into a trajectory by adding a calculated spray velocity profile to produce the required locally varying layer thicknesses. In addition, simulation of the material deposition and a kinematic analysis of the simulated trajectory are performed. These are utilized as performance indicators for assessing deposit quality and material efficiency, enabling the validation and improvement of the parameterized trajectory. Finally, the implementation of the entire concept is demonstrated by representative use cases. The results demonstrate successful automated path and trajectory planning by the proposed concept, contributing to the overall goal of automated repair of damaged components by cold spraying.
Analysis of Changes in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Clinically Severe Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy—Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Wysocki Michał , Mizera Magdalena , Karpińska Izabela , Ptaszkiewicz Kuba , Małczak Piotr , Pisarska-Adamczyk Magdalena , Kania Michał , Major Piotr 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction
We still lack studies providing analysis of changes in glucose and lipid metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). We aimed to investigate postoperative changes in glucose and lipid metabolism after LSG in patients with DM2.

Material and Methods
Prospective, observational study included patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and ≤ 50 kg/m2, DM2 < 10 years of duration, who were qualified for LSG. Perioperative 14-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) began after preoperative clinical assessment and OGTT, then reassessment 1 and 12 months after LSG. Thirty-three patients in mean age of 45 ± 10 years were included in study (23 females).

Results
EBMIL before LSG was 17 ± 11.7%, after 1 month—36.3 ± 12.8%, while after 12 months—66.1 ± 21.7%. Fifty-two percent of the patients had DM2 remission after 12 months. None required then insulin therapy. 16/33 patients initially on oral antidiabetics still required them after 12 months. Significant decrease in HbA1C was observed: 5.96 ± 0.73%; 5.71 ± 0.80; 5.54 ± 0.52%. Same with HOMA-IR: 5.34 ± 2.84; 4.62 ± 3.78; 3.20 ± 1.99. In OGTT, lower increase in blood glucose with lesser insulin concentrations needed to recover glucose homeostasis was observed during follow-ups. Overtime perioperative average glucose concentration in CGM of 5.03 ± 1.09 mmol/L significantly differed after 12 months, 4.60 ± 0.53 (p = 0.042). Significantly higher percentage of glucose concentrations above targeted compartment (3.9–6.7 mmol/L) was observed in perioperative period (7% ± 4%), than in follow-up (4 ± 6% and 2 ± 1%). HDL significantly rose, while triglyceride levels significantly decreased.

Conclusions
Significant improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism was observed 12 months after LSG and changes began 1 month after procedure.

Graphical Abstract
Die Behandlung persönlichkeitsgestörter Rechtsbrecher im schweizerischen Maßnahmensystem
Authors: Höfer Friederike 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung persönlichkeitsgestörter Rechtsbrecher erweist sich im forensisch-psychiatrischen Kliniksettings häufig als unbefriedigend. Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert dazu die Rahmenbedingungen für die Behandlung solcher Straftäterinnen und Straftäter in der Schweiz, wo diese vorwiegend vollzugsbegleitend, in spezialisierten Abteilungen des Vollzugs oder in sozialtherapeutisch ausgerichteten Maßnahmezentren behandelt werden.
Cesium removal from radioactive wastewater by adsorption and membrane technology
Authors: Zhuang Shuting , Wang Jianlong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRadiocesium is frequently present in radioactive wastewater, while its removal is still a challenge due to its small hydrated radius, high diffusion coefficient, and similar chemical behavior to other alkali metal elements with high background concentrations. This review summarized and analyzed the recent advances in the removal of Cs+ from aqueous solutions, with a particular focus on adsorption and membrane separation methods. Various inorganic, organic, and biological adsorbents have undergone assessments to determine their efficacy in the removal of cesium ions. Additionally, membrane-based separation techniques, including reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation, have also shown promise in effectively separating cesium ions from radioactive wastewater. Additionally, this review summarized the main approaches, including Kurion/SARRY system + desalination system and advanced liquid processing system, implemented after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident in Japan to remove radionuclides from contaminated water. Adsorption technology and membrane separation technology play a vital role in treatment of contaminated water.
Kinderen van acht tot en met twaalf jaar hebben een duidelijke mening over Positieve Gezondheid
Authors: de Bot Cindy , Dierx John 
Published: December 2023

Samenvatting
Inleiding
Positieve Gezondheid (PG) focust op het vermogen om regie over de eigen gezondheid te behouden, ook bij kinderen. In dit onderzoek wordt geëxploreerd hoe basisschoolkinderen in de leeftijd van acht tot en met twaalf jaar denken over het begrip ‘Positieve Gezondheid’ en de dimensies van PG zoals opgenomen in de kindtool.

Methode
Een kwalitatieve onderzoeksmethode is toegepast, waarbij 25 semigestructureerde interviews werden afgenomen, bestaande uit acht vragen.

Resultaat
Kinderen denken vooral aan voeding, bewegen en ‘je goed voelen’ wanneer ze gevraagd worden wat PG betekent. Meer specifiek denken ze bij de dimensie ‘Mijn lichaam’ vooral aan slapen, gezond eten en beweging. Bij ‘Mijn gevoelens en gedachten’ noemen ze vooral vrolijk, verdrietig of boos zijn en ze hebben het ook bij ‘Lekker in je vel’ vooral over emoties en zich goed voelen, waarbij uiterlijk belangrijk is. De dimensie ‘Nu en later’ gaat volgens de kinderen vooral over een beroep later. Vrienden en pesten zijn termen die genoemd worden bij de dimensie ‘Meedoen’. Kunnen doen waar ze zin in hebben, vinden ze het belangrijkste bij de dimensie ‘Dagelijks leven’. Voor kinderen zijn de dimensies ‘Lekker in je vel zitten’ en ‘Mijn gevoelens en gedachten’ het belangrijkst. Daarnaast is ‘Meedoen’ van belang, waarbij alle kinderen vooral plezier hebben met vrienden en vriendinnen noemen.

Conclusie
Kinderen in de leeftijd van acht tot en met twaalf jaar zien PG breder dan alleen als de fysieke component en er- en herkennen in hun eigen bewoordingen alle dimensies van PG. Voor kinderen van alle leeftijden zijn de dimensies ‘Lekker in je vel zitten’, ‘Mijn gevoelens en gedachten’ en ‘Meedoen’ belangrijk, maar die worden bij toenemende leeftijd steeds belangrijker. Dat betekent voor docenten, jeugdgezondheidsprofessionals en ouders/verzorgers ten eerste dat ze het concept PG kunnen gebruiken bij het praten over gezond zijn en blijven, en daarmee interventies beter kunnen laten aansluiten op de belevingswereld en taal van kinderen.
Understanding the vulnerability of surface–groundwater interactions to climate change: insights from a Bavarian Forest headwater catchment
Authors: Munir Muhammad Usman , Blaurock Katharina , Frei Sven 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHeadwaters play a crucial role in maintaining forest biodiversity by providing unique habitats and are important for the regulation of water temperature and oxygen levels for downstream river networks. Approximately 90% of the total length of streams globally originate from headwaters and these systems are discussed to be especially vulnerable to impacts of climate change. This study uses an integrated hydrological model (HydroGeoSphere) in combination with 23 downscaled ensemble members from representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5 to examine how climate change affects water availability in a headwater catchment under baseflow conditions. The simulations consistently predict increasing water deficits in summer and autumn for both the near (2021–2050) and far future (2071–2099). Annual mean water deficits were estimated to be 4 to 7 times higher than historical levels. This is mainly due to a projected reduction in precipitation inputs of up to – 22%, while AET rates remain similar to those observed during the historical reference period (1992–2018). The declining groundwater storage reserves within the catchment are expected to result in a significant decline in surface water availability during summer and autumn, with a reduction in mean annual stream discharge by up to 34% compared to the reference period. Due to declining groundwater levels, upstream reaches are predicted to become intermittent in summer leading to a reduction of the total stream flow length by up to 200 m. Findings from this study will enhance our understanding of future water availability in headwater systems and may aid in the development of effective management strategies for mitigating local impacts of climate change and preserving these vulnerable ecosystems.
Examining the Effect of Assessment Construct Characteristics on Machine Learning Scoring of Scientific Argumentation
Authors: Haudek Kevin C. , Zhai Xiaoming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArgumentation, a key scientific practice presented in the Framework for K-12 Science Education, requires students to construct and critique arguments, but timely evaluation of arguments in large-scale classrooms is challenging. Recent work has shown the potential of automated scoring systems for open response assessments, leveraging machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to aid the scoring of written arguments in complex assessments. Moreover, research has amplified that the features (i.e., complexity, diversity, and structure) of assessment construct are critical to ML scoring accuracy, yet how the assessment construct may be associated with machine scoring accuracy remains unknown. This study investigated how the features associated with the assessment construct of a scientific argumentation assessment item affected machine scoring performance. Specifically, we conceptualized the construct in three dimensions: complexity, diversity, and structure. We employed human experts to code characteristics of the assessment tasks and score middle school student responses to 17 argumentation tasks aligned to three levels of a validated learning progression of scientific argumentation. We randomly selected 361 responses to use as training sets to build machine-learning scoring models for each item. The scoring models yielded a range of agreements with human consensus scores, measured by Cohen’s kappa (mean = 0.60; range 0.38 − 0.89), indicating good to almost perfect performance. We found that higher levels of Complexity and Diversity of the assessment task were associated with decreased model performance, similarly the relationship between levels of Structure and model performance showed a somewhat negative linear trend. These findings highlight the importance of considering these construct characteristics when developing ML models for scoring assessments, particularly for higher complexity items and multidimensional assessments.
Politische Unterstützung im Dauerstresstest – Einstellungen zur Demokratie in Thüringen seit der Jahrtausendwende
Authors: Hebenstreit Jörg , Reiser Marion 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Vielfachkrise und der Langzeitfolgen des Systemumbruchs untersucht der Beitrag die regionale politische Kultur in Thüringen. Auf Basis der Daten des Thüringen-Monitors zeigt die Langzeitanalyse der demokratischen Einstellungen für die Jahre 2000 bis 2022 ein differenziertes Ergebnis. Trotz einer hohen Volatilität von Vertrauens- und Zufriedenheitswerten kann bis zum Jahr 2021 ein tendenziell linearer Anstieg der politischen Unterstützung für die Demokratie in Thüringen festgestellt werden. Der starke Rückgang der Werte für die Demokratiezufriedenheit und das Vertrauen in die parteienstaatlichen Institutionen im Jahr 2022 zeigt jedoch, dass lang aufgebaute Unterstützungswerte in Kürze verschleißen können. Mit Blick auf die Determinanten der politischen Unterstützung bestätigen sich für Thüringen, dass die Performanz- sowie Deprivations- und eingeschränkt auch die Sozialisationshypothese erklärungsstarke Ansätze zur Bestimmung politischer Unterstützung darstellen.
Detection, Monitoring, and Mitigation of Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Pragmatic Approach
Authors: Antognini Nicola , Portman Ronald , Dong Victor , Webb Nicholas J. , Chand Deepa H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe kidneys play a pivotal role in elimination of most drugs; therefore, a comprehensive understanding of renal physiology and pathology is important for those involved in drug development. High filtration capacity and metabolic activity make the kidneys vulnerable to drug-induced nephrotoxicity (DIN). Acute DIN may manifest on a background of renal impairment that has resulted from underlying disease, previously administered nephrotoxic medications, congenital renal abnormalities, or the natural aging process. The ability of the kidneys to compensate for DIN depends on the degree of pre-insult renal function. Therefore, it can be difficult to identify. The discovery and development of novel biomarkers that can diagnose kidney damage earlier and more accurately than current clinical measures and may be effective in detecting DIN. The goal of this manuscript is to provide a pragmatic and evidence-based supportive guidance for the early identification and management of DIN during the drug development process for clinical trial participants of all ages. The overall objective is to minimize the impact of DIN on kidney function and to collect renal safety data enabling risk analysis and mitigation.
Vibration response of a hybrid steel–timber building element with uncertain material and joint parameters
Authors: Chocholaty Bettina , Eser Martin , Hoppe Karl-Alexander , Wang Daotong , Marburg Steffen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe design of building elements is usually done conservatively by considering safety factors. However, more efficient designs are gaining interest for economic and sustainability reasons. Hence, an adequate prediction tool can improve the design of building elements. Probabilistic modeling, for example, Monte Carlo simulations, represents a remedy to this by examining uncertainties in a structure through uncertain input parameters. In this work, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed to quantify the uncertainty in the modal properties of a hybrid steel–timber building element. The material properties of the timber material and the stiffness of the structural joints are considered uncertain inputs. The probabilistic properties of the timber material are evaluated utilizing Bayesian inference instead of the usually applied empirical methods. Using these inferred timber material properties leads to a good match of simulated and measured natural frequencies of the timber components. These parameters are utilized together with the joints’ uncertain inputs in the Monte Carlo simulation of the hybrid steel–timber building element. The results show a significant span for the identified eigenfrequencies, which proves the relevance of probabilistic analyses for the vibration characteristics of building elements.
Beyond Desirable in North America: an examination of actual and ideal body preferences, and body attractiveness preferences in a heterosexual sample of men and women from the USA
Authors: Talbot Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA recent Australian study demonstrated that both men and women want to have less body fat and more muscularity than they perceived that they had, and that men and women’s body ideals are more extreme than the opposite sex finds most attractive. The present study aimed to provide more evidence for the discrepancy between self-reported actual and ideal body fat and muscularity. Further, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between ideal bodies, and the bodies reported to be most attractive by the opposite sex by examining a sample of heterosexual North American men and women. Using data from 362 participants recruited through Amazon’s MTurk, this study employed figural rating scales to assess participants' actual and ideal body fat and muscularity, as well as their perceptions of the most attractive body for the opposite sex. Results showed that men wanted to have less body fat and more muscularity, and women wanted to have less body fat than they perceived themselves to have. Additionally, results showed that men’s ideal body was in-line with women’s preferences. However, analogous to prior research in an Australian sample, women wanted to be thinner than what men found most attractive. These findings underscore the importance of addressing body dissatisfaction and promoting healthy body image ideals. Future interventions should focus on challenging societal beauty standards and promoting body acceptance, taking into account the influence of media and social factors on body image perceptions and preferences.
Multidimensional intuitive–analytic thinking style and its relation to moral concerns, epistemically suspect beliefs, and ideology
Authors: Bayrak Fatih , Dogruyol Burak , Alper Sinan , Yilmaz Onurcan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLiterature highlights the distinction between intuitive and analytic thinking as a prominent cognitive style distinction, leading to the proposal of various theories within the framework of the dual process model. However, it remains unclear whether individuals differ in their thinking styles along a single dimension, from intuitive to analytic, or if other dimensions are at play. Moreover, the presence of numerous thinking style measures, employing different terminology but conceptually overlapping, leads to confusion. To address these complexities, Newton et al. suggested the idea that individuals vary across multiple dimensions of intuitive–analytic thinking styles and distinguished thinking styles between 4 distinct types: Actively open-minded thinking, close-minded thinking, preference for effortful thinking, and preference for intuitive thinking. They proposed a new measure for this 4-factor disposition, The 4-Component Thinking Styles Questionnaire (4-CTSQ), to comprehensively capture the psychological outcomes related to thinking styles; however, no independent test exists. In the current pre-registered studies, we test the validity of 4-CTSQ for the first time beyond the original study and examine the association of the proposed measure with various factors, including morality, conspiracy beliefs, paranormal and religious beliefs, vaccine hesitancy, and ideology in an underrepresented culture, Türkiye. We found that the correlated 4-factor model of 4-CTSQ is an appropriate measure to capture individual differences based on cognitive style. The results endorse the notion that cognitive style differences are characterized by distinct structures rather than being confined to two ends of a single continuum.
Meteorological drivers of melt at two nearby glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
Authors: Hofsteenge Marte G. , Cullen Nicolas J. , Conway Jonathan P. , Reijmer Carleen H. , van den Broeke Michiel R. , Katurji Marwan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the meteorological drivers of melt at two glaciers in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, using 22 years of weather station observations and surface energy fluxes. The glaciers are located only 30 km apart, but have different local climates; Taylor Glacier is generally drier and windier than Commonwealth Glacier, which receives more snowfall due to its proximity to the coast. Commonwealth Glacier shows more inter-annual melt variability, explained by variable albedo due to summer snowfall events. A significant increase in surface melt at Commonwealth Glacier is associated with a decrease in summer minimum albedo. Inter-annual variability in melt at both glaciers is linked to degree-days above freezing during föhn events, occurring more frequently at Taylor Glacier. At Taylor Glacier melt occurs most often with positive air temperatures, but föhn conditions also favour sublimation, which cools the surface and prevents melt for the majority of the positive air temperatures. At Commonwealth Glacier, most of the melt instead occurs with sub-zero air temperatures, driven by strong solar radiative heating. Future melt at Taylor Glacier will likely be more sensitive to changes in föhn events, while Commonwealth Glacier will be impacted more by changes in near coastal weather, where moisture inputs can drive cloud cover, snowfall and change albedo.