bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osamitev in opis vampnih spirohet
Authors: TRKOV Marija , ACCETTO Tomaž , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd 
Published: December 2023

Iz vzorca vampne vsebine smo osamili tri seve vampnih spirohet. Morfologijo osamljenih sevov smo opazovali s fazno kontrastno in epifluorescentno mikroskopijo ter jih opisali s hitrimi biokemijskimi preskusi (API 50CH) in molekulsko biološkimi preiskavami. Rezultati preiskav so pokazali, da sta si seva SM1 in SM3 zelo podobna in značilno različna od seva SM2. Vsi osamljeni sevi so bili Gram negativni. Celice sevov SM1 in SM3 so bile manjše od celic seva SM2, pri sevih SM1 in SM3 je bila krajša tudi amplituda in valovna dolžina posameznega zavoja. Od 49 ogljikovih hidratov so vsi osamljeni sevi razkrajali sedem ogljikovih hidratov, sev SM2 pa je razkrajal še dodatnih 14. Primerjava literaturnih podatkov razkroja ogljikovih hidratov tipskih sevov T. bryantii in T. saccharophilum je pokazala, da se seva spirohet SM1 in SM3 razlikujeta od opisanih vrst, sev SM2 pa je podoben tipskemu sevu T. saccharophilum. Veliko raznolikost med preiskovanimi sevi pa smo ugotovili s teoretično in eksperimentalno preiskavo RFLP, pri čemer smo gen za 16S rRNK sevov T. bryantii, T. saccharophilum, SM1, SM3 in SM2 razrezali z različnimi restrikcijskimi encimi.
Isolation and characterization of bacteriophages of rumen bacterium Prevotella bryantii TC1-1
Authors: FERME Darja , AMBROŽIČ Jerneja , GRABNAR Miklavž , RAVNIKAR Maja , AVGUŠTIN Gorazd 
Published: December 2023

Sampling, inoculation and extraction procedures were elaborated for the isolation of bacteriophages from cattle rumen fluid. Several strains from four different species of rumen bacterial genus Prevotella were used as indicator organisms as well as Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Yersinia enterocolitica strains. Only one strain, i.e. P.bryantii TC1-1 was successfully infected with filter sterilised rumen fluid inoculum containing rumen bacteriophages. Two plaque morphotypes were observed, both being turbid and rather small but clearly different in size. The preliminary transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that all observed bacteriophages have presumably icosahedral symmetry. The infection trials of other Prevotella strains with isolated bacteriophages from the strain TC1-1 were successful only with type strains of species P.bryanti and P.brevis respectively. Bacteriophage purification and long term storage procedures were elaborated.
fatty acid composition of broilers from free range rearing
Authors: POLAK Tomaž , HOLCMAN Antonija , STIBILJ Vekoslava , ŽLENDER Božidar 
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effect of rearing method on the fatty acid composition of broiler meat. The subjects were chickens of two genotypes (Ross 208 and Prelux-bro). Experiment went on for 56 days, chickens were kept in a standard deep litter house and fed the same diet. After 28 days chickens were divided into two groups of 50 birds, the first grup had a 12-hours daily access to a grassy surface (free range), the second remaining indoors. At the end of experiment, 8 broilers per group (total of 32) were randomly chosen for fatty acid composition analysis. After slaughter, breasts and legs with skin were excised, homogenised and freeze-stored. Analyses of fatty acid composition was preformed by gas-liquid chromatography (in situ transesterification). The results were processed with statistical computer program SAS. From the perspective of human nutrition, free range broilers gave meat with better fatty acid composition (increased content of w-3 and w-6 fatty acids) compared to indoor raised chickens. Fatty acid composition was more favourable for breast then leg, and for Prelux-bro than Ross 208 genotype.
Možnosti za usklajevanje razvoja kmetijstva z drugimi družbenimi interesi na slovenskem podeželju, primer občine Komenda
Authors: GOLOBIČ Mojca , MARUŠIČ Ivan , KOVAČIČ Matija 
Published: December 2023

Gospodarski pomen kmetijstva se zlasti v podeželskih območjih v bližini večjih mest zmanjšuje. Hkrati pa interesi kmetijstva do rabe zemljišč zadevajo ob druge gospodarske in negospodarske, predvsem varstvene interese, ki postajajo s pomestnjenjem življenja na podeželju vse bolj izraziti in pestri. Predstavljen je postopek, ki omogoča usklajevanje med različnimi interesi, ter opisan njegov potek in rezultati ob pripravi prostorskega plana občine Komenda. Z javnomnenjsko anketo so bile v občini Komenda prepoznane tri interesne skupine. Metoda spoznavnih zemljevidov, uporabljena v anketi, je omogočila tudi prostorsko predstavitev identificiranih interesov za varstvo okolja in narave. Posebna anketa je bila izvedena tudi med kmeti v občini Komenda. Odgovori na vprašanja, ki so zadevala prihodnost kmetij, so razkrili, da obstaja zelo poudarjen interes za večanje kmetij. Odgovori na anketo so bili skupaj s prostorskimi zahtevami za posamezni tip pridelave osnova za izdelavo modelov ustreznosti prostora za kmetijske dejavnosti. Ti modeli so se izkazali za učinkovito orodje pri postopkih usklajevanja, ki vodijo k najboljšemu možnemu kompromisu med interesi.
Produkcija butirata pri anaerobni vampni bakteriji Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Mz5T
Authors: ZOREC Maša , NEKREP Franc Viktor , MARINŠEK-LOGAR Romana 
Published: December 2023

Butirat je pomemben probiotski dejavnik, ki ugodno vpliva na delovanje in preživetje kolonocitov ter v debelem črevesu deluje tudi antikancerogeno. Pred kratkim je bila na osnovi 17 sevov, izoliranih iz vampa, opisana nova vrsta P. xylanivorans s tipskim sevom Mz5T. Sev Mz5T je na ksilanu ovsenih plev produciral butirat in laktat kot glavna produkta fermentacije in pri tem porabljal acetat. Produkcija butirata je močno narasla med logaritemsko fazo in se je še v pozni stacionarni fazi počasi povečevala. Na drugih ogljikovih hidratih (na brezovem in bukovem ksilanu, ksilozi, arabinozi in glukozi) je bila kinetika tvorbe butirata podobna. Največ butirata glede na laktat je nastajalo med zgodnjo logaritemsko fazo neodvisno od substrata. P. xylanivorans Mz5T bi torej lahko uporabili kot probiotik v prehrani živali tako za izboljšanje razgradnje ksilana kot tudi za povečano produkcijo butirata v debelem črevesu. Najbolje bi bilo uporabiti kulturo v zgodnji logaritemski fazi rasti, ki bi jo lahko namnožili na cenenem ogljikohidratnem viru.
Effect of vitamin-mineral premix on some relationships between serum parameters in breeding horses
Authors: HAREADY Mansur S. 
Published: December 2023

Eight Arabian stallions were selected from clinically normal horses. After 10 day adaptation period the animals were divided into two equal groups: control and experimental. All horses were housed individually and allowed to walk on sandy paddock twice a day between meals. Both groups were fed the same diet which was composed of 6 kg hay and 4 kg barley. However, the experimental group was supplemented with 150 g of micronutrient premix. Premix was composed of 180 g of oats husk meal, 260 g dicalcium phosphate as carrier, 25 g lignosulphate, 20 g methionine, 20 g lysine, 200 g calcium, 40 g salt (NaCl), 30 g soy oil, 100 g yeast, 50 g mixture of vitamins, 75 g mixture of minerals and antioxidants per kg. The experiment was divided into adaptation and experimental period that lasted 10 and 30 days, respectively. The blood was drawn at the beginning of experimental period and thereafter in 10 days intervals. Serum samples were analysed for total serum protein, serum urea, serum lipids, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT). The results showed highly significant differences between both groups in serum protein, serum lipids, serum GOT and GPT. Significant difference has been found between both groups in serum urea (P < 0.1). These changes in serum parameters between groups could be due to the additive micronutrient premix fed to the experimental groups. The correlations between parameters: protein and urea was significant negative, between lipids and GOT highly significant negative, and between lipids and GPT non-significant.
Urine cortisol in pigs of different MH-genotypes
Authors: SIARD Nataša , KOVAČ Milena , LADEWIG Jan , ŠTUHEC Ivan 
Published: December 2023

Urine cortisol concentration was evaluated in German Landrace barrows of two MH-genotypes (NN, Nn) housed in metabolic cages. Furthermore, cortisol in urine was evaluated as a substitute measure of plasma cortisol values in pigs. Three replicates were done, each including 4 animals. Altogether there were 12 animals included in the experiment. The effect of MH-genotype on urine cortisol concentration was evaluated and correlations between urine and plasma cortisol were calculated. Higher urine cortisol values in NN- in comparison to Nn-pigs indicated stronger response to stressors by stress resistant NN-genotype. The correlation between urine (12-hr urine values) and plasma (the average of 12 collections per day, taken between 8.00 a.m. and 11.00 a.m.) cortisol values was practically negligible in samples taken on the same day (r = 0.07, P = 0.71). In time-lag samples (urine taken the day after blood collection) correlation was increased (r = 0.22), but still not significant (P = 0.22). A connection between plasma and urine cortisol values was indicated, but it should be better understood before urine cortisol is used as a substitute of plasma cortisol measuring in pigs.
Primerjava dveh metod za določanje vsebnosti vlaknine v voluminozni krmi
Authors: LAVRENČIČ Andrej , OREŠNIK Andrej , BRANK Andreja 
Published: December 2023

V 76 vzorcih mnogocvetne ljuljke, trpežne ljuljke, mačjega repa in črne detelje, košenih v različnih fazah morfološkega razvoja, smo določili vsebnost surove vlaknine (SV) po metodi Naumann in Bassler (1976) ter vsebnosti v nevtralnem detergentu netopne vlaknine (NDV), v kislem detergentu netopne vlaknine (KDV) in v kislem detergentu netopnega lignina (KDL) po metodi Goering in Van Soest (1970). Vsebnosti SV, NDV, KDV in KDL v teh vzorcih smo določili tudi s pomočjo filtrskih vrečk in jih označili kot SVFV, NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV. Za razliko od trav, kjer so bile razlike med vsebnostmi NDV in NDVFV, KDV in KDVFV ter KDL in KDLFV majhne (v povprečju največ 20 g kg–1 SS med vsebnostma KDV in KDVFV pri trpežni ljuljki), smo pri črni detelji ugotovili velike razlike med vsebnostmi NDV in NDVFV (v povprečju 46 g kg–1 SS), KDV in KDVFV (v povprečju 66 g kg–1 SS) ter KDL in KDLFV (v povprečju 35 g kg–1 SS). Med vsebnostmi SV in SVFV tako pri travah kot pri detelji tako velikih razlik ni bilo (v povprečju je bila največja razlika 17 g kg–1 SS pri črni detelji). Če smo vzorce črne detelje pred določanjem vsebnosti NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV sprali z acetonom (acNDVFV, acKDVFV in acKDLFV), smo ugotovili, da se razlike v vsebnosti med njimi in vsebnostmi NDV, KDV in KDL močno zmanjšajo (v povprečju na 15, 17 oz. 5 g kg–1 SS). Stopnjo povezanosti med vsebnostmi SV, NDV, KDV in KDL ter vsebnostmi vlaknine v vzorcih, ki smo jih določili s pomočjo filtrskih vrečk, smo ugotavljali s koeficientom determinacije (R2) in standardno napako ocene (SEE). Najboljše ocene vsebnosti SV (R2 = 0,89, SEE = 1,73), NDV (R2 = 0,98, SEE = 1,73), KDV (R2 = 0,90, SEE = 1,73) in KDL (R2 = 0,69, SEE = 1,73) smo dosegli, ko smo v enačbe kot posamezne odvisne spremenljivke vključili SVFV, NDVFV, KDVFV in KDLFV trav ter SVFV, acNDVFV, acKDVFV in acKDLFV detelj. Rezultati so pokazali, da je metoda s filtrskimi vrečkami je primerna za določanje vsebnosti SV, NDV in KDV, ne pa tudi za določanje vsebnosti KDL.
Occurrence of the Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte) in Slovenia
Authors: UREK Gregor , MODIC Špela 
Published: December 2023

Offical monitoring of the spreading of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in Slovenia has been organized since 1997. Every year it was carried out by the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia together with Phythosanitary Inspection. To determine the WCR population Hungarian pheromone traps (Csalomon) and yellow sticky traps were placed out in pairs on 58 localities at the end of June 2003. Four additional pheromone traps were placed out at the end of July (Pomurje - 2) and at the beginning of August (Northern Primorska – 2) when the first beetles of WCR were detected. The traps were monitored from July 7th to the end of August every 7 – 10 days. While pheromone traps were changed at intervals of 30 days, the yellow sticky traps were changed more frequently. In 2003 the occurrence of Western Corn Rootworm (WCR) was registered for the first time in the eastern part of Slovenia (Pomurje, Podravje) and its western part (Norther Primorska) too. From the total number of 62 inspected localities in the territory of Slovenia the pest was registered in 14 of them (22.6 %). Fifteen specimens altogether were caught in the eastern part of Slovenia (Gibina, Benica, Mostje, Jastrebci, Pince, Domanjševci, Loperšice, Motvarjevci, Grabe, Žitkovci, Gaberje) and four specimens in its western part (Vogrsko, Ajševica, Bukovica). We caught 19 specimens altogether. The monitoring was financed by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food.
Vpliv starosti semena in načinov shranjevanja na kalivost semena konoplje (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa)
Authors: KOCJAN AČKO Darja , BARIČEVIČ Dea 
Published: December 2023

Seme za setev mora imeti čim večjo sposobnost kalitve. V laboratorijskem poskusu z navadno konopljo (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) je bila po metodiki ISTA (International Seed Testing Association) preučena hitrost kalitve t. i. energija kalivosti in kalivost eno, dve in tri leta starega semena konoplje shranjenega pri sobni temperaturi (20 do 25 ºC) in v hladilniku (4 do 7 ºC). Ugotovljene so bile razlike v energiji kalivosti in v končni kalivosti med sortami: 'Novosadska konoplja', 'Unico-B', 'Juso-11', 'Bialobrzeskie' in 'Beniko' ter načinoma shranjevanja semena. V primerjavi s 96,1-odstotno kalivostjo deklariranega semena petih sort konoplje je bila po treh letih povprečna kalivost semena shranjenega v hladilniku 65,0 %, kalivost semena shranjenega pri sobni temperaturi pa 46,4 %. Da se v razmerah težje dosegljivosti deklariranega semena konoplje ohrani kalivost daljši čas, morajo pridelovalci shraniti seme za setev v hladilniku. Sočasno so rezultati raziskave pokazali, da sta za ugotovitev hitrosti kalivosti in za končno kalivost semena konoplje ustreznejša šesti in dvanajsti dan testa kalivosti namesto uradno predpisanega tretjega in sedmega dne, ko hitrost kalivosti in kalivost še ni bilo možno ugotoviti. Pred postopkom za spremembo uradne metodike je treba preveriti kalivost z uporabo svežega semena teh in drugih sort konoplje v akreditiranem semenskem laboratoriju.
Enterococci in cheese – phenotypization and antibiotic resistance
Authors: BULAJIĆ Snežana , MIJAČEVIĆ Zora 
Published: December 2023

The material of investigation was consisted of samples of fresh and ripened cheeses made from raw and cooked milk subjected to rennet or acid coagulation. The primary isolation of enterococci was carried out on kanamycin-aesculine-azide agar at 37 °C and 42 °C during 24 hours. It was isolated totally 42 strains of enterococci. The examination of antibiotic resistance/sensitivity profiles was performed by applying disk-diffusion procedure on Muller-Hinton agar. The number of enterococci determined in cheese samples depended on applied technological process. In the samples of fresh, by rennet coagulated cheese made from raw and cooked milk the number of enterococci was ranged from 8.0×104 to 9.0×106 cfu g–1, and from 4.0×107 to 4.4×107 cfu g–1, respectively. In the case of ripened cheeses made from raw and cooked milk subjected to acid coagulation the number of enterococci was ranged from <102 to 5.0×104 cfu g–1 and from 2.5×104 to 1.5×105 cfu g–1, respectively. In the samples of fresh cheeses made from raw and cooked milk subjected to acid coagulation the number of enterococci was ranged from 2.4×105 to 2.12×107 cfu-g, and from 5×104 to 6×104 cfu g–1, respectively. The phenotypic identification of isolated enterococcal strains was performed according to the following biochemical-physiological characteristics: microscopic examination (cell morphology), catalase activity, growth in MRS broth at 10 °C and 45 °C, growth at pH 9.6, growth in broth containing 6.5% NaCl, growth in 0.1% methylen blue milk, resistance at 60 °C/15 and 30 minute, Voges/Proskauer reaction, fermentation of ribose. The isolated strains of enterococci were resistant to following antibiotics: penicillin (65.82%), tetracycline (62.02%), lincomycin (68.35%), gentamycin (27.84%), neomycin (31.64%), erythromycin (31.64%) and chloramphenicol (65.82%).
Transkripcijsko uravnavanje adipogeneze in vloga koaktivatorja PGC-1a
Authors: MILOŠEVIČ BERLIČ Tamara , DOVČ Peter 
Published: December 2023

Adipogeneza je kompleksen proces, na katerega vpliva veliko število genetskih in okoljskih faktorjev. Ker je posledica prekomernega nalaganja maščob debelost, pogosto pa tudi pojav diabetesa tipa 2, postaja proučevanje molekulskih osnov adipogeneze vse bolj pomembno tudi z vidika zdravja človeka. V živalski proizvodnji proces tvorbe maščobnega tkiva pomembno vpliva na kakovost prirasta, preko porabe krme pa na ekonomičnost proizvodnje. Poleg leptina in leptinskega receptorja, ki odločilno uravnavata nalaganje maščob, je bil v zadnjem času odkrit tudi mehanizem uravnavanja tvorbe maščobnega tkiva, ki vključuje adaptivno termogenezo in biosintezo mitohondrijev. Pomembna regulatorja teh procesov sta PPARg in njegov koaktivator PGC-1a. V pričujočem prispevku opisujemo mehanizem uravnavanja adipogeneze in vlogo PPARg in PGC-1a v njem. Prikazana je tudi medvrstna primerjava aminokislinskih zaporedij PGC-1a in možnosti za razvoj farmacevtskih učinkovin, ki bi vplivale na izražanje PGC-1a.
Comparison of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars and the effect of covering beds
Authors: JAKŠE Marijana , KACJAN MARŠIĆ Nina 
Published: December 2023

Five hybrid cultivars ('Boonlim', 'Cipres', 'Dariana', 'Franklim' in 'Steline') of white asparagus were tested on 4 locations in Slovenia (Celje, Logarovci, Nova Gorica and Novo mesto). The plantations were 7 years old when some of the raised beds were covered with black PE mulch and the yield was compared to the yield of uncovered beds. The planting space was 2.2 m between rows and 0.33 m between crowns in the row. Each cultivar had 2 covered and 2 uncovered repetitions with 15 plants (11 m2). The yield and number of spears were measured. For 6 days, white spears were divided into 4 groups based on their thickness (4-8 mm; 8-12 mm; 12-16 mm; over 16 mm), counted and weighed in order to determine the proportion and quality of marketable yield. 'Steline' (3.44 t/ha) had the lowest average yield and 'Boonlim' (6.78 t/ha), which was the best performing cultivar in Logarovci and Nova Gorica, the best. In Novo mesto there were no significant differences among cultivars and in Celje, earlier cultivars 'Franklim', 'Cipres' and 'Dariana' performed better. 'Franklim' had more spears on average but the weight of the spears was best with 'Boonlim' (46.24 g) and worst with 'Steline' (32.03 g). The mulch influenced the yield, which was 5.27 t/ha on uncovered beds and 6.25 t/ha on covered ones. It also influenced the average weight of spears, which increased from 38.15 g to 40.88 g. The mulch did not increase either the number of spears or their thickness.
propagation of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) nodal explants
Authors: OSTERC Gregor , ZAVRL FRAS Marjeta , VODENIK Tomaž , LUTHAR Zlata 
Published: December 2023

Chestnut is a woody species, which is difficult to propagate either generatively by seed or vegetatively by grafting or cuttings. The experiment of vegetative propagation included in vitro propagated shoots of the chestnut clone ‘Sobota’ from the northeast area of Slovenia. Propagation MS-½NO3 medium contained basic (macro- and microelements) MS medium with a half concentration of two nitrates (KNO3 and NH4NO3) and 100 mg/l inositol, 1 mg/l thiamine, 30 g/l sucrose, and 8 g/l agar. The propagation BW medium consisted of half strength broad leaved tree BT medium and half strength woody plant WP medium. Both propagation media contained 1 mg/l BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) or 1 mg/l zeatin. The in vitro shoots developed much better when propagated on medium containing BAP. With BAP irrespective of the medium, clusters developed significantly more shoots (average 2.1 per cluster) and showed a trend of more vigorous growth with the inclusion of BAP. Shoots grown on BW medium were of poorer quality, with high browning or necrosis and extremely highly intensive hyperhydration ratios.
Varovanje kranjske čebele – ohraniti pasmo ali raso medonosne čebele?
Authors: BOŽIČ Janko 
Published: December 2023

V Sloveniji na podlagi zakona o živinoreji in podzakonskih predpisov varujemo avtohtono pasmo kranjske čebele. V svetu večinoma uporabljajo izraz rasa in ne pasma pri opisovanju različkov medonosne čebele. Temelj takega poimenovanja je v načinu nastanka čebeljih ras z naravno selekcijo brez večjega vpliva človeka. Dojemanje kranjske čebele kot rase narekuje predvsem naravovarstven pristop pri varovanju avtohtone populacije čebel. Slovenija je tipična lokaliteta rase Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann 1879, poleg tega pa ima tudi naravne možnosti za ohranjanje diverzitete kranjske čebele. Osnovne zakonitosti dedovanja in naravnega parjenja čebeljih matic narekujejo vzpostavitev varovanja kranjske čebele na celotne ozemlju Slovenije z možnostjo posebnih strogo varovanih območij v alpskih dolinah in delno sproščenim prometom s kranjsko čebelo na pasiščih namenjeno prevozniškem čebelarjenju. V teh okvirih je potrebno tudi iskati možnosti vzreje komercialnih linij matic namenjenim predvsem trgom izven Slovenije.
Ocena bioaerosolov v delovnih prostorih
Authors: JERŠEK Barbara , ZORMAN Tina 
Published: December 2023

V različnih prostorih na fakulteti in v zdravstvenem domu smo ocenili bioaerosole. Za vzorčenje bioaerosolov smo uporabili vzorčevalec Mas-100. Na fakulteti je bila v zraku določena povprečna koncentracija bakterij 423±842 cfu/m3 in povprečna koncentracija plesni 142±374 cfu/m3. Glede na rezultate o povprečni koncentraciji bioaerosolov in identifikaciji glavnih rodov plesni sta bila kot neustrezna določena le dva od 26 preiskanih prostorov. Statistično značilna korelacija je bila določena med koncentracijo bakterij in številom ljudi v posameznem prostoru. V zdravstvenem domu je bila povprečna koncentracija bakterij 405±206 cfu/m3 in povprečna koncentracija plesni 73±56 cfu/m3. Koncentracije bioaerosolov določene v zdravstvenem domu, ki ima umeten način prezračevanja (sistem HVAC), se statistično niso razlikovale od koncentracij bioaerosolov na fakulteti. Ker je bilo v zdravstvenem domu vzorčeno le omejeno število bioaerosolov, bi bile nujne dodatne preiskave za ocenitev delovanja sistema HVAC.
Adenine sulphate induced high frequency shoot organogenesis in callus and in vitro flowering of Cichorium intybus L. cv. Focus - a potent medicinal plant
Authors: NANDAGOPAL S. , RANJITHA KUMARI B.D. 
Published: December 2023

An efficient protocol has been developed for the in vitro plant regeneration and flowering achieved from young leaf explants of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Focus). The callus induction and shoot multiplication was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborgs (B5) media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of Indole-3-acetic acid, 6-Benzylaminopurine, 6-Furfurylaminopurine and Adenine sulphate. The highest percentage of callus induction and multiple shoots proliferation was observed on MS+B5 medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (6.66 µM) + indole-3-acetic acid (2.852 µM) + adenine sulphate (1.360 µM). For root induction regenerated shoots were transferred to MS+B5 medium containing Indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-3-butyric acid and α-Naphthalene acetic acid that were developed roots. In vitro flowers were also noticed in the in vitro raised plantlets in the same medium under 16 h light and 8 h dark condition. The regenerated plantlets have been successfully established in vermiculite and subsequently shifted to the field.