bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy balance and body composition after switch between integrase strand transfer inhibitors and doravirine among people with HIV
Authors: Erlandson Kristine M , Mohaweche Ruda , Morrow Mary , Mawhinney Samantha , Khuu Vincent , Boyd Mallory , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Melanson Edward L , Lake Jordan E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with excessive weight gain among a subset of persons with HIV (PWH), due to unclear mechanisms. We assessed energy intake (EI) and expenditure (EE) following switch off and onto INSTIs.

Methods
PWH with &gt;10% weight gain on an INSTI-based regimen switched INSTI to doravirine for 12 weeks, then back to INSTI for 12 weeks while keeping their remaining regimen stable. Twenty-four-hour EE, EI and weight were measured on INSTI, following switch to doravirine, and upon INSTI restart. Mixed models analysed changes over time.

Results
Among 18 participants, unadjusted 24 h EE decreased by 83 (95% CI −181 to 14) kcal following switch to doravirine, and by 2 (−105 to 100) kcal after INSTI restart; energy balance (EE−EI) increased by 266 (−126 to 658) kcal from Week 0 to Week 12, and decreased by 3 (−429 to 423) kcal from Week 12 to Week 24. Trends toward weight loss occurred following switch to doravirine [mean −1.25 (−3.18 to 0.69) kg] and when back on INSTI [−0.47 (−2.45 to 1.52) kg]. Trunk fat decreased on doravirine [−474 (−1398 to 449) g], with some regain following INSTI restart [199 (−747 to 1145) g]. Fat-free mass decreased on doravirine [−491 (−1399 to 417) g] and increased slightly after INSTI restart [178 (−753 to 1108) g].

Conclusions
Among PWH with &gt;10% weight gain on an INSTI, switch to doravirine was associated with a trend towards decreases in 24 h EE, weight, trunk fat mass and fat-free mass. Observed changes were not significant, but suggest a mild weight-suppressive effect of doravirine among PWH.
Computational paths - a weak groupoid
Authors: de Veras Tiago M L , Ramos Arthur F , de Queiroz Ruy J G B , de Oliveira Anjolina G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the basis of a labelled deduction system (LND$_{ED-}$TRS), we demonstrate how to formalize the concept of computational paths (sequences of rewrites) as equalities between two terms of the same type. This has allowed us to carry out a formal counterpart to equality between paths which is dealt with in homotopy theory, but this time with an approach using the device of term-rewriting paths. Using such formal calculus dealing with paths, we construct the fundamental groupoid of a path-connected $ X $ type and we define the concept of isomorphism between types. Next, we show that the computational paths determine a weak category, which will be called $ \mathcal {C}_{paths} $. Finally, we show that the weak category $ \mathcal {C}_{paths} $ determines a weak groupoid.
The stellar occultation by (319) Leona on 2023 September 13 in preparation for the occultation of Betelgeuse
Authors: Ortiz J L , Kretlow M , Schnabel C , Morales N , Flores-Martín J , Sánchez González M , Casarramona F , Selva A , Perelló C , Román-Reche A , Alonso S , Rizos J L , Gonçalves R , Castillo A , Madiedo J M , Martínez Sánchez P , Fernández Andújar J M , Maestre J L , Smith E , Gil M , Pelenjow V , Moral Soriano S , Martí J , Luque-Escamilla P L , Casas R , Delgado Casal J , Rovira J , Aceituno F J , Dekert V , Farfan R G , de Ory Guimerá V , Serrano Estepa J , Jehin E , Ferrais M , Alarcon M R , Licandro J , Serra-Ricart M , Gutiérrez P J , Kilic Y , Leiva R , Santos-Sanz P , Duffard R , Fernández-Valenzuela E , Vara-Lubiano M , Alvarez-Candal A , Rommel F L 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
On 2023 December 12, the star α Orionis will be occulted by asteroid (319) Leona. This represents an extraordinary and unique opportunity to analyse the brightness distribution of Betelgeuse’s photosphere with extreme angular resolution by studying light curves from different points on Earth and at different wavelengths. Here we present observations of another occultation by asteroid Leona, on 2023 September 13, whose goal was to determine Leona’s projected shape and size in preparation for the December 12th event and its interpretation. The occultation campaign was highly successful with 25 positive detections from 17 different sites and a near miss. The effective diameter in projected area derived from the positive detections was 66 ± 2 km using an elliptical fit to the instantaneous limb. The body is highly elongated, with dimensions of 79.6 ± 2.2 km × 54.8 ± 1.3 km in its long and short axis, respectively, at occultation time. This result, in combination with dense time series photometry of Leona that we recently obtained, together with archival sparse photometry, allowed us to predict the angular size of the asteroid for the Betelgeuse event and to simulate the expected brightness change. Also, an accurate position coming from the occultation is provided, to improve the orbit of Leona.
Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial
Authors: Cooper Robert K , Mahoney Martin C , Tiffany Stephen T , Colder Craig R , Tyndale Rachel F , Hawk Larry W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
People who metabolize nicotine more quickly are generally less successful at quitting smoking. However, the mechanisms that link individual differences in the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a phenotypic biomarker of the rate of nicotine clearance, to smoking outcomes are unclear. We tested the hypotheses that higher NMR is associated with greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, and cue-induced cigarette craving in a treatment-seeking sample.

Methods
Participants were 252 adults who smoke cigarettes enrolled in a randomized controlled smoking cessation trial (NCT03262662) conducted in Buffalo, New York, USA. Participants completed the Choice Behavior Under Cued Conditions (CBUCC) paradigm, a laboratory choice procedure, ~1 week before the first cessation treatment visit, at which time a saliva sample was collected for NMR assessment. On each CBUCC trial, participants reported cigarette craving during cue presentation (cigarette, water) and spent $0.01–$0.25 for a chance (5%–95%) to sample the cue (one puff, sip), providing measures of smoking reinforcement (spending for cigarettes vs. water), general cigarette craving (averaged across cigarette and water cues), and cue-specific craving (cigarette craving during cigarette vs. water cues).

Results
As observed in prior work, the NMR was significantly higher among White and female participants. As expected, both spending and cigarette craving were significantly greater on cigarette compared to water trials. However, contrary to our hypotheses, higher NMR was not associated with greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, or cue-specific craving.

Conclusions
The present data do not support that smoking reinforcement or craving is related to nicotine metabolism among individuals seeking to quit smoking.

Implications
Though greater smoking reinforcement, general craving, and cue-specific craving are hypothesized to be linked to faster nicotine metabolism, there was no evidence of such relationships in the present sample of adults seeking to quit smoking. Further research, including replication and consideration of alternate hypotheses, is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms by which the NMR is related to smoking cessation.
Asconius
Authors: Ramsey John T. 
Published: November 2023

Quintus Asconius Pedianus was born c. 4 ce, most likely at Patavium (Padua), the hometown of Livy. At the age of seventy-two, he went blind and lived for another twelve years. As a young man, Asconius moved in the highest echelons of society, for instance, attending a banquet in 28 as the guest of a consul. In the age of Nero, in the years c. 53 ce to 57, Asconius composed commentaries on perhaps as many as thirty of Cicero’s speeches, five of which survive thanks to having been preserved in a heavily damaged, 9th-century manuscript that is no longer extant. Asconius conducted meticulous research and is noted for his reliability. He consulted primary sources such as the official state archives (Acta) and other writings produced in the age of Cicero. He often cites his sources and occasionally even confesses that his research proved fruitless on a particular topic. The historian on whom Asconius appears to have relied most heavily is the 1st-century annalist Fenestella. Asconius’s comments on the speeches are highly selective and are confined mostly to historical and proposographical matters. By comparison, later scholia on Cicero’s speeches tend to comment on mundane matters of grammar, vocabulary, and rhetoric. Each of Asconius’s commentaries begins with a statement of the year in which the speech was delivered. Background information is presented under the heading Argumentum and ranges from several paragraphs to as many as twelve pages. There follow lemmata from the Ciceronian speeches themselves to which Asconius appends his comments. Frequent cross references, all backward looking, show that the collection was arranged chronologically, by the delivery dates of the speeches, and there is no evidence that the extant commentaries have been abridged. The work is written in a plain, transparent style and appears to have been dedicated to Asconius’s sons. Given the painstaking nature of Asconius’s research and the broad range of speeches included in his collection—not just the “popular” ones read in schools teaching rhetoric—his aim was to produce an enduring work of scholarship. His accomplishment earned him a place, alongside Livy and Sallust, in Suetonius’s De historicis, a collection of biographies commemorating Rome’s leading historians. The only other work, no longer extant, that can be securely attributed to Asconius is a treatise refuting Virgil’s critics. Very uncertain is evidence that Asconius may have written a biography of the historian Sallust and an essay on longevity.
Current and future advances in practice: a practical approach to the diagnosis and management of primary central nervous system vasculitis
Authors: Junek Mats , Perera Kanjana S , Kiczek Matthew , Hajj-Ali Rula A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Primary CNS vasculitis (CNSV) is a rare, idiopathic autoimmune disease that, if untreated, can cause significant morbidity and mortality. It is a challenging diagnosis due to multiple mimics that can be difficult to differentiate, given that the CNS is an immunologically privileged and structurally isolated space. As such, diagnosis requires comprehensive multimodal investigations. Usually, a brain biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of CNSV involves aggressive immunosuppression, but relapses and morbidity remain common. This expert review provides the reader with a deeper understanding of presentations of CNSV and the multiple parallel diagnostic pathways that are required to diagnose CNSV (and recognize its mimics), highlights the important knowledge gaps that exist in the disease and also highlights how we might be able to care for these patients better in the future.
How Credit Constraints Impact Job Finding Rates, Sorting, and Aggregate Output
Authors: Herkenhoff Kyle , Phillips Gordon , Cohen-Cole Ethan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How do consumer credit markets affect the allocation of workers to firms, output, and labour productivity? We address this question in two steps. First, we use new micro-data to estimate empirical elasticities of job search patterns to credit. Second, we estimate our novel theory of sorting under risk aversion to match these elasticities, and then we conduct aggregate counterfactuals. Empirically, we show that an increase in credit limits worth 10% of prior annual earnings allows individuals to take 0.33 weeks longer to find a job. Conditional on finding a job, they earn 1.85% more and work at higher paying firms. We also find that young and high-utilization individuals are more responsive to credit. Theoretically, we integrate risk aversion and borrowing into a model with worker and firm heterogeneity. We estimate the model to match our new empirical elasticities, and we then measure how the credit expansion from 1964 to 2004 affected sorting and output. Sorting improves as credit expands since constrained workers—in particular constrained, young, high human capital workers—find more capital-intensive jobs.
Cytotoxic activity of isoquinoline alkaloids and herbal extracts from selected plants against human cancer cell lines: harnessing the research potential in cancer drug discovery with modern scientific trends and technology
Authors: Bhandare Saurabh Dilip , Malode Sarika Shivaji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The increasing prevalence of cancer has led to a growing interest in alternative medicine methods and treatments. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of isoquinoline alkaloids and herbal extracts from selected plants against human cancer cell lines, including melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The investigation involved in vitro cell viability assays using various cancer cell lines and normal skin fibroblasts as control cells. Additionally, a zebrafish model was employed for in vivo evaluation of cytotoxic activity. The results indicated that the tested alkaloids and extracts exhibited promising cytotoxic effects, showing higher potency than standard chemotherapeutic drugs. In comparison, these findings support the exploration of isoquinoline alkaloids and herbal extracts as potential candidates for developing novel anti-melanoma and anti-squamous cell carcinoma drugs. The primary inclusion criterion that was taken into consideration in this study effort was the therapeutic application of the cytotoxic effects of specific plant-based pharmacological components or chemicals produced from herbal extracts that are ordinarily cytotoxic.
Conserved and species‐specific transcriptional responses to daily programmed resistance exercise in rat and mouse
Authors: Viggars Mark R. , Sutherland Hazel , Cardozo Christopher P. , Jarvis Jonathan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMice are often used in gain or loss of function studies to understand how genes regulate metabolism and adaptation to exercise in skeletal muscle. Once‐daily resistance training with electrical nerve stimulation produces hypertrophy of the dorsiflexors in rat, but not in mouse. Using implantable pulse generators, we assessed the acute transcriptional response (1‐h post‐exercise) after 2, 10, and 20 days of training in free‐living mice and rats using identical nerve stimulation paradigms. RNA sequencing revealed strong concordance in the timecourse of many transcriptional responses in the tibialis anterior muscles of both species including responses related to “stress responses/immediate‐early genes, and “collagen homeostasis,” “ribosomal subunits,” “autophagy,” and “focal adhesion.” However, pathways associated with energy metabolism including “carbon metabolism,” “oxidative phosphorylation,” “mitochondrial translation,” “propanoate metabolism,” and “valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation” were oppositely regulated between species. These pathways were suppressed in the rat but upregulated in the mouse. Our transcriptional analysis suggests that although many pathways associated with growth show remarkable similarities between species, the absence of an actual growth response in the mouse may be because the mouse prioritizes energy metabolism, specifically the replenishment of fuel stores and intermediate metabolites.
Great Toe Interphalangeal Fusion for Hallux Valgus Interphalangeus Deformity in Young Patients
Authors: Westberry David E. , Shull Emily R. , Layton Branum 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
The purposes of this study were to examine indications, radiographic outcomes, and clinical complications for primary arthrodesis of the great toe interphalangeal (IP) joint in young patients.

Background:
Hallux valgus interphalangeus deformity of the great toe is uncommon in the pediatric population and often requires fusion of the IP joint.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients, ages 8 to 19 years, who underwent operative fusion of the great toe IP joint, and had >1 year radiographic follow-up was performed. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to determine indications for surgery, concomitant procedures, success of fusion, complications, and need for revision procedures or elective hardware removal. Differences between pre and postradiographic outcomes for the hallux valgus angle, IP angle, and intermetatarsal angle were analyzed.

Results:
Twenty-seven patients (31 feet) were included in the analyses. The average age at fusion surgery was 14.9 years (SD ± 2.3) with a mean follow-up visit of 35.2 months. The most common indications for fusion of the great toe IP joint were pain and deformity. Kirschner wire fixation was utilized in 7 cases, with the remaining 24 cases fixed with a single retrograde cannulated screw. Fifty-five concomitant toe and foot procedures were performed in 21 feet (68%) to address additional foot and toe deformity. Successful fusion occurred in 30 of 31 toes after the primary fusion. Patient satisfaction with the toe position and diminished pain were high (94.1%). Significant improvement was noted in the measure of the IP angle (P < 0.001), with minimal clinical change in the hallux valgus angle (P = 0.24) or the intermetatarsal angle (P = 0.03).

Conclusions:
Hallux valgus interphalangeus of the great toe was successfully managed with the fusion of the IP joint. Single screw fixation or the use of Kirschner wires led to similar outcomes. Hardware-related issues with the use of screws were the most common adverse outcome. Patients should be made aware of the possible need for hardware removal after fusion utilizing screw fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—a retrospective case series.
Temporal trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in China from 1990 to 2019 and predictions for 2034
Authors: Li Shuang , Huang Min , Zhu Yan , Zeng Hai , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2023

Objective
This study aimed to analyze long-term trends of cervical cancer (CC) burden in China based on the GBD 2019 data and provide information and data support for formulating corresponding policies to control CC.

Methods
Incidence and mortality rate data of CC in China were described using GBD 2019 data. The Joinpoint regression analysis and age-period-cohort model were implemented to describe temporal trends of CC in China over the past 30 years. ARIMA model was used to predict trends of disease burden of CC in China for the next 15 years.

Results
From 1990 to 2019, the relative percentage change in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of CC in Chinese women was 30.91 (95% UI: −50.13 to 96.78), and the relative percentage change in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was −12.37 (95% UI: −63.54 to 28.52). The age-period-cohort model had different impacts on incidence and mortality rates. Overall annual percentage change (APC) (net drift) in incidence risk was 1.22 (95% CI: 0.87–1.57), and the overall APC (net drift) in mortality risk was −0.143 (95% CI: −0.38 to 0.09). The ARIMA model predicted ASIR and ASMR trends of CC for the next 15 years.

Conclusion
From 1990 to 2019, the overall incidence risk of CC in Chinese has shown an upward trend, with an earlier occurrence in the high-incidence age groups, while mortality risk showed a downward trend. It is anticipated that over the next 15 years, the incidence rate will decrease, while the mortality rate will initially rise before decreasing.
Cancer mortality patterns in selected Northern and Southern African countries
Authors: Pizzato Margherita , Santucci Claudia , Parazzini Fabio , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: November 2023

Background
Non-communicable diseases have been rapidly increasing in African countries. We provided updated cancer death patterns in selected African countries over the last two decades.

Methods
We extracted official death certifications and population data from the WHO and the United Nations Population Division databases. We computed country- and sex-specific age-standardized mortality rates per 100 000 person-years for all cancers combined and ten major cancer sites for the periods 2005–2007 and 2015–2017.

Results
Lung cancer ranked first for male cancer mortality in all selected countries in the last available period (with the highest rates in Réunion 24/100 000), except for South Africa where prostate cancer was the leading cause of death (23/100 000). Prostate cancer ranked second in Morocco and Tunisia and third in Mauritius and Réunion. Among Egyptian men, leukemia ranked second (with a stable rate of 4.2/100 000) and bladder cancer third (3.5/100 000). Among women, the leading cancer-related cause of death was breast cancer in all selected countries (with the highest rates in Mauritius 19.6/100 000 in 2015–2017), except for South Africa where uterus cancer ranked first (17/100 000). In the second rank there were colorectal cancer in Tunisia (2/100 000), Réunion (9/100 000) and Mauritius (8/100 000), and leukemia in Egypt (3.2/100 000). Colorectal and pancreas cancer mortality rates increased, while stomach cancer mortality rates declined.

Conclusion
Certified cancer mortality rates are low on a global scale. However, mortality rates from selected screening detectable cancers, as well as from infection-related cancers, are comparatively high, calling for improvements in prevention strategies.
Reproducibility and predictive value of three grading systems for intraoperative adverse events in a cohort of abdominal surgery
Authors: Gawria L. , Krielen P. , Stommel M.W.J. , van Goor H. , ten Broek R.P.G. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Intraoperative adverse events (iAEs) are increasingly recognized for their impact on patient outcomes. The Kaafarani classification and Surgical Apgar Score (SAS) were developed to assess the intraoperative course; however, both have their drawbacks. ClassIntra was validated for iAEs of any origin. This study compares the Kaafarani and SAS to ClassIntra considering predictive value and interrater reliability in a cohort of abdominal surgery to support implementation of a classification in clinical practice.

Methods:
The authors made use of the LAParotomy or LAParoscopy and ADhesiolysis (LAPAD) study database of elective abdominal surgery. Detailed descriptions on iAEs were collected in real-time by a researcher. For the current research aim, all iAEs were graded according ClassIntra, Kaafarani, and SAS (score ≤4). The predictive value was assessed using univariable and multivariable linear regression and the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). Two teams graded ClassIntra and Kaafarani to assess the interrater reliability using Cohen’s Kappa.

Results:
A total of 755 surgeries were included, in which 335 (44%) iAEs were graded according to ClassIntra, 228 (30%) to Kaafarani, and 130 (20%) to SAS. All classifications were significantly correlated to postoperative complications, with an AUROC of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.62–0.72), 0.64 (0.59–0.70), and 0.71 (0.56–0.76), respectively. For the secondary endpoint, the interrater reliability of ClassIntra with κ 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90) and Kaafarani 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87–0.93) was both strong.

Conclusion:
ClassIntra, Kaafarani, and SAS can be used for reporting of iAEs in abdominal surgery with good predictive value for postoperative complications, with strong reliability. ClassIntra, compared with Kaafarani and SAS, included the most iAEs and has the most comprehensive definition suitable for uniform reporting of iAEs in clinical practice and research.