bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasites of Farmed and Wild Tilapine Fishes From Selected Farms and Lake Jipe in Taita Taveta County, Kenya
Authors: Ageng'o Finnan O. , Waruiru Robert M. , Wanja Daniel W. , Nyaga Philip N. , Hamisi Mercy M. , Ndegwa Joseph M. , Ali Shimaa E. , Chadag Mohan V. , Mbuthia Paul G. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTParasitic infections threaten the endangered Oreochromis jipe and other ichthyic populations in Lake Jipe, thereby hindering conservation efforts. Initiatives have been made to farm O. jipe as a conservation strategy. To develop effective conservation approaches and ensure the species' survival in its natural habitat and aquaculture systems, it is imperative to understand the diverse parasites in these habitats. Consequently, this cross‐sectional study was conducted to determine parasitic loads in tilapias from selected farms and Lake Jipe. A total of 111 fishes were collected (76 farmed, 35 from the lake), comprising 66 O. jipe, 34 Oreochromis niloticus and 11 hybrids of O. jipe and O. niloticus. The fish were euthanized, necropsied and examined for parasitic infections via visual inspection and light microscopy. Out of 111 fishes examined, 58 (52.3%) were infected with 212 parasites, including 135 (63.7%) and 77 (36.3%) from farm and lake habitats, respectively. The prevalence of parasitic infections in fish from the lake and farm habitats was 68.6% and 44.7%, respectively. The most frequently occurring parasite genera identified were Diplostomum (30.63%), Acanthocephalus (20.7%), Dactylogyrus (9.9%) and Contracaecum (2.7%), with mean intensities of 2.9, 3.7, 1.9 and 1.7, respectively. Contracaecum and Camallanus were exclusively found in fish from Lake Jipe, while Euclinostomum and Gyrodactylus were only observed in farmed fish. O. jipe had the highest prevalence of parasitic infections (59.1%), followed by O. niloticus (44.1%) and hybrids (36.4%) (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the examined fishes were infected with diverse parasites, which have both public health concerns (Euclinostomum and Acanthocephalus) and economic significance (Dactylogyrus and Gyrodactylus). Consequently, it is imperative to enhance public awareness and enforce biosecurity measures to mitigate potential health risks and to improve the productivity of the pond culture system and lake ecosystem. These measures will help reduce parasite dissemination and promote sustainable fish production and populations.
Aggregation Induced Emissive Liquid Crystals‐Polymer Composite Membrane for Dual‐Channel Analysis of Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Tong Yingping , Wang Birong , Zhao Dongyu , Li Min , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTParathyroid hormone (PTH) is an important factor in maintaining blood calcium levels in the human body. Therefore, monitoring PTH levels is essential for assessing the various diseases progression and managing overall health. In this study, a fluorescence and optical sensor based on an aggregation‐induced emissive liquid crystal photopolymer (AIE‐LC‐Poly) film was established for the qualitative and quantitative detection of PTH. The specific interaction between PTH and anti‐PTH on the substrate surface was utilized, and variations in orientation and aggregation state of the fluorescent LCs were evaluated by both optic and fluorescent means. The detection limit for PTH using optical image was above 10 µg/mL, while fluorescence detection achieved a much lower limit of 1 ng/mL. Additionally, the photopolymer further amplified the detection signals by strengthening the AIE effect of the fluorescent LCs in initiate state, and enhancing the disturbance of LCs ordered orientation upon PTH addition. Ultimately, the detection limits for PTH were reduced to 0.01 µg/mL for optical detection and 50 pg/mL for fluorescence detection. The quantitative and sensitive AIE‐LC‐Poly biosensing technology presented here sets the stage to develop LC‐based sensor for biomedical applications without labeling.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Indazoles via Novel Rearrangement of Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Bezsonova Elena , Tafeenko Viktor , Sosonyuk Sergey , Lozinskaya Natalia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this work we present a new method for indazole synthesis through the unexpected rearrangement of various 7‐nitroisatins during the reaction with hydrazine hydrate. The new pyrazole cycle is formed via direct metal‐free C−H amination. We demonstrate the limitations of the discovered approach and several accessible methods for functionalization of the compounds to obtain novel indazole derivatives.
Preparation of Arbitrary High‐Fidelity Decoherence‐Free States for a Four‐Qubit Hybrid System via Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Microresonator
Authors: Du Fang‐Fang , Ma Ming , Liu Wen‐Yao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the assistance of the practical nonlinear interaction of a nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center coupled with whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) microresonator, a heralded preparation protocol of four‐qubit hybrid decoherence‐free states (logical qubits) is presented, where a single logical qubit encoded on the state of the hybrid system composed of two polarization photons and two NV centers is fully protected against collective decoherence. Compared with the three‐qubit decoherence‐free states, the four‐qubit decoherence‐free states have higher dimensions, stronger collective decoherence resistance, richer quantum coherence and higher fault tolerance. For an ideal photon‐NV interaction, the efficiencies and fidelities of the hybrid decoherence‐free states can, in principle, be close to unity. Otherwise, being directed against a nonideal interaction, the two error‐heralded quantum blocks of the preparation process make their fidelities near‐perfect at the expense of slight reductions of their efficiencies. Moreover, this hybrid decoherence‐free states work in a heralded way and may be experimentally feasible with current technique on regulating the NV‐WGM microresonator system.
Switchable Polymerization from Monomer Mixtures to Synthesize Oxygen‐Rich Block Copolymers with Dual Recyclability and Degradability
Authors: Xie Di , Jia Zhi‐Hua , Zhang Yan‐Li , Cai Xin‐Lei , Liu Long‐Nv , Yang Guan‐Wen , Kang Xiaohui , Zhang Xianming , Zhang Yao‐Yao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSwitchable catalysis from monomer mixtures has been emerging as a powerful technique to synthesize various useful block copolymers, yet represents a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Herein, we present the synthesis of well‐defined polyacetal/polycarbonate block copolymers through switchable polymerization from mixtures of terminal epoxides, internal epoxides, o‐phthalaldehyde (OPA) and CO2. The exclusive chemoselectivity of terminal epoxide or internal epoxide was achieved by controlling the reaction atmosphere. The dynamic equilibrium of acetal anion and alkoxy anion is the key to the successful switch from terminal epoxides/OPA copolymerization to internal epoxides/CO2 copolymerization. Computational studies elucidated the kinetic and thermodynamic preferences underlying this selective polymerization. The acid/base labile nature of the block copolymers enables their sequence‐controlled chemical recycling/degradation. These novel polyacetal/polycarbonate block copolymers with facilely sequence‐controlled polymerization/depolymerization capabilities will enable their further tailored applications and contribute to the development of a circular plastic economy.
Zinc Coordination‐Polymer‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into “Brick‐and‐Mortar” Membranes for Hydrogen Separation
Authors: Li Xinxin , Jiao Chengli , Zhang Xiaoqian , Xu Xiaoya , Gul Saeed , Liang Fangyi , Caro Jürgen , Jiang Heqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractZeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) with high stability and porosity is a promising candidate for hydrogen separation membranes. However, most ZIF‐8 polycrystalline membranes exhibit low H2/CO2 (kinetic diameters of 2.9/3.3 Å) mixed gas selectivity, due to the intercrystalline defects and the unprecise molecular sieving originated from framework flexibility of ZIF‐8 structure with a theoretical aperture size of 3.4 Å. Here, inspired by nacre's “brick‐and‐mortar” structure, we develop mixed matrix type composite membranes in which dominant crystalline ZIF‐8 nanoparticles (bricks) are interconnected by ultrathin zinc coordination polymer interlayers (mortar) via self‐assembling. Driven by coordination bonds between Zn2+ from precursor colloid and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI), a zinc coordination polymer network is formed to connect ZIF‐8 nanoparticles through interactions between Zn2+ of coordination polymer and surface terminal groups on ZIF‐8 nanoparticles, thus eliminating intercrystalline void defects and providing a highly selective H2 transport pathway. Meanwhile, the micropores and large cavities in ZIF‐8 allow fast H2 transport. Benefitting from both highly selective pathway and fast H2 transport through porous ZIF‐8, the optimized ZIF‐8‐PEI membrane exhibits a record‐high H2 permeability of ~1.78×105 Barrer with a high mixed gas H2/CO2 selectivity of 176, surpassing state‐of‐the‐art performance. This bioinspired multifunctional membrane expands the scope of molecular sieving membrane.
Maerl Bed Conservation: Successes and Failures
Authors: Grall Jacques , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMost ecoregions lack data on maerl distribution and ecological status, so this needs fundamental research for conservation. Brittany, NW France, is an exception and has extensive research on maerl species, associated biodiversity, human‐induced impacts and protection efforts. Breton maerl habitats host exceptionally high species richness and functional diversity, surpassing all other coastal habitats in the region. The meiofauna and microflora of maerl beds and the role of these habitats as carbon stores remain poorly known. Bans on direct exploitation in Europe have led to environmental improvements, although maerl extraction has begun in other regions of the world. In Europe, serious maerl conservation problems persist, particularly due to scallop and clam dredging, eutrophication and mariculture impacts. Not enough has been done to curb these issues, which are proven to severely degrade maerl, its biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Conservation measures for maerl beds should be strengthened and codesigned with local stakeholders as these habitats take millennia to form and are inadequately protected by current strategies.
A Head‐Specific Transcriptomic Study Reveals Key Regulatory Pathways for Winter Diapause in the Mosquito Culex pipiens
Authors: Dhungana Prabin , Wei Xueyan , Kang David S. , Sim Cheolho 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe primary vector of the West Nile virus, Culex pipiens, undergoes reproductive dormancy during the adverse winter season. While our current understanding has mainly focused on cellular signals and phenotypic shifts occurring at a global scale during diapause, information on tissue‐specific transcriptomic changes remains limited. This knowledge gap is a major challenge in interpreting the regulatory mechanisms at the tissue level. To address this, the present work utilized RNA‐seq technology to investigate the transcriptional changes in the head that house the brain and crucial endocrinal organs such as corpora allata. We obtained RNA samples from the heads of diapausing and nondiapausing female mosquitoes at two specific time intervals, ZT0 and ZT16, and then subjected them to sequencing. Our results revealed differences in differentially expressed genes between diapause and non‐diapause at ZT0 and ZT16, highlighting the phenotypic and diel variations in gene expression. We also selected twelve genes associated with the diapause phenotype and examined the transcript abundance at six different time points over 24 h. qRT‐PCR analysis showed similar up‐ and downregulation of transcripts between the diapause and nondiapause phenotypes thus validating the results of RNA‐seq. In summary, our study identified new genes with phenotypic and diel differentiation in their expression, potentially linking photoperiod to seasonal reproductive dormancy in insects. The newly presented information will significantly advance our understanding of head‐specific genes crucial for insect diapause.
Functional Nanofibres of Tb(III)‐Coupled Metal‐Organic Gel: Detection To Decontamination of Thiabendazole In Environmental Samples
Authors: Sharma Arun , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPollutant residues such as pharmaceuticals or pesticides in water bodies pose significant environmental and health risks, necessitating the development of advanced sensing and removal techniques to ensure safe and sustainable water resources. Tb‐based luminescent sensors offer high sensitivity for pollutant residue analysis, but their application is often limited to detection. Developing Tb‐derived metal‐organic gel (ANS‐4G‐Tb) as soft supramolecular material is proposed to enhance trace contamination removal, integrating both sensing and sequestration capabilities. For the development of the self‐assembled supramolecular material, ANS‐4, a low molecular‐mass organic gelator (LMOG) with a molecular weight of just about 215 g/mole, was selected, owing to its efficient single‐step synthesis, and it was comprehensively characterized using single crystal XRD, and other routine spectroscopic techniques. Then, its nanosized ANS‐4G‐Tb metallogel was characterized using a comprehensive suite of analytical techniques to assess its structural, chemical, morphological, and optical characteristics. Upon interaction with parasiticide and fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ), a phase transformation from gel to sol is observed, enabling naked‐eye detection and simultaneous turn‐on photo‐luminescence sensing (5D4→7F5 transition). Based on novel research, our study navigates through the photo‐luminescence of lanthanide supramolecular complexes, transitioning from fundamental investigations to potential methodologies concerning analyte responsiveness and removal applications.
Metal‐free Amorphous Cross‐Linked Porous Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Sarkar Madhurima , Das Debayati , Yesepu Enika , Gupta Nishesh Kumar , Patra Abhijit 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe use of solar energy to produce valuable chemicals has gained significant attention in recent years. In this area, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction have become key focal points. Recently, amorphous cross‐linked porous organic polymers (CPOPs) have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their tunable band gaps, broad light absorption range, and high porosity. In this article, we highlight recent advancements in cutting‐edge metal‐free amorphous CPOPs for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction. We examine the design principles, synthetic strategies, and structure‐property relationships of various cross‐linked porous polymers to achieve high photocatalytic performance. Additionally, we propose future research directions and offer insights to further advance CPOP‐based photocatalysts for efficient solar‐driven hydrogen evolution and carbon dioxide reduction.
Photocatalytic Conversion of CO2 by H2O as an Electron Donor over NaTaO3 with Controlled Morphologies Using a Series of Cocatalysts
Authors: Xuanwen X , Wang Shuying , Wu Pengyu , Dong Pengyu , Jiang Ruiyu , Wang Zheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe morphology of the primary semiconductor material is an essential factor for the performance of photocatalysts. In this work, we synthesized the cubic facet (100) and the anisotropic facets ((100) and (110)) of NaTaO3 as photocatalysts. They were assessed by the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 using H2O as the electron donor and a series of cocatalysts, including Ga(OH)3, Cd(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, and amorphous ZnGa2O4, relative to Ag nanoparticles as a conventional cocatalyst. The results demonstrated that the performances of studied cocatalysts depended on the morphologies of NaTaO3. Ga(OH)3 (3.0 vs. 20.1 μmol h−1), Zn(OH)2 (23.1 vs. 52.4 μmol h−1), amorphous ZnGa2O4 (37.4 vs. 85.5 μmol h−1), and Ag nanoparticles (48.9 vs. 92.4 μmol h−1) exhibited higher formation rates of CO over anisotropic NaTaO3 than the cubic ones. On the contrary, Cd(OH)2 (62.1 vs. 32.3 μmol h−1) cocatalyst exhibited higher performance over cubic NaTaO3 than the anisotropic ones.
Framing Biases in Plea Bargaining Decisions in Those With and Without Criminal Involvement: Tests of Theoretical Assumptions
Authors: Reyna Valerie F. , Reed Krystia , Meschkow Alisha , Calderon Vincent , Helm Rebecca K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAbout 95% of criminal convictions in the United States are obtained through plea decisions, a growing global practice. Courts justify these convictions based on defendant choice—defendants, as rational agents, can freely choose to plead guilty or go to trial. However, a fundamental axiom of rational choice—descriptive invariance—has never been effectively tested for plea decisions. To test this axiom, we manipulated gain–loss framing of plea options. The shadow‐of‐trial model, the leading theory of plea decision‐making, is predicated on expected utility theory which is in turn predicated on the invariance axiom; if the axiom is falsified, the entire structure collapses. Thus, framing effects are important as a test of fundamental assumptions undergirding practice and as an empirical phenomenon revealing effects of context. We tested framing effects in students and community members including those with criminal involvement for whom plea bargaining has personal relevance. Varying subtle changes in wording of outcomes, we produced pronounced differences in choices to accept a plea rather than proceed to trial. These framing effects were robust to age, sex, educational attainment, risk propensity (DOSPERT and sensation seeking), and loss aversion. Perceived fairness of the legal system increased acceptance and risk propensity decreased it (each about 32%). However, controlling for those effects, loss (compared to gain) framing increased the odds of going to trial by 664%. Criminal involvement did not account for additional variance. These results are consistent with prospect theory and fuzzy‐trace theory, but they challenge the legal theory of bargaining in “the shadow of trial.”
Biological and Chemical Assessment of the Liposomes Carrying a Herbal MRI Contrast Agent
Authors: Yazdani Ali , Ochi Mohammad Mahdi , Hassani Nafiseh , Saber Maryam , Okhovat Ahmadreza , Soltanian‐Zadeh Hamid 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the development and characterization of liposomes as carriers for a novel herbal contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Liposomes were synthesized using phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol for the lipid bilayer membrane and a polar fraction isolated from the “Suaeda” plant for the aqueous phase. The encapsulation efficiency, size, zeta potential, stability, and morphology of the liposomes were evaluated using various techniques. Additionally, by cytotoxicity assays, we contrasted the toxicity of the encapsulated contrast agent to the nonencapsulated form. Finally, relaxivity computations were performed to assess the suitability of the liposomal agent for MRI applications. The liposomal contrast agent had suitable physical properties (stable mean size of 163 nm and zeta potential of −60 mV) and better biochemical characteristics than nonencapsulated media. The liposomal agent demonstrated increased relaxivity and acceptable cytotoxicity with a contrast‐making concentration. Therefore, the encapsulated herbal contrast agent can be useful for biological applications.
The Effects of Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) on Cognitive and Emotional Symptoms of Adult ADHD: A Randomised Pilot Study
Authors: Basiri Nooshin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder with emotional and cognitive symptoms.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) on cognitive and emotional aspects of ADHD in adults.Materials and methodsA quasi‐experimental pre‐test/post‐test design with a control group (waiting list) was applied. Forty participants were selected for the study among the target population of adult ADHD patients. They were randomly assigned to the control and experimental (group DBT) groups. The Adult ADHD Self‐Report Scale (ASRS), Tower of London, Stroop test, Wisconsin sorting test, Continuous Performance Test, Eysenck Impulsivity Test, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were used for assessment purposes. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS‐23 and the MANCOVA method.ResultsThe results showed that DBT was significantly effective in improving emotion regulation (31.4%), impulsivity (37.4%), Stroop scores (21.9%), attention and concentration (31.8%), and hyperactivity (41%) compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the subscales of the Tower of London, Wisconsin test and the attentional subscale of the ASRS.ConclusionIt can be inferred from this research that DBT can significantly reduce the emotional difficulties of adults with ADHD, but may not be very helpful for the cognitive aspects of this disorder.
Oxidative Coupling of Guanidines and Isocyanides Catalyzed by Nickel(II): Access to Imidazoline Derivatives with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Gavrilov Georgii A. , Nguyen Tuan K. , Katkova Svetlana A. , Rostovskii Nikolai V. , Rogacheva Elizaveta V. , Kraeva Liudmila A. , Kinzhalov Mikhail A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel and concise approach to rare 2,3,5‐triamino‐imidazole scaffolds via Ni‐catalyzed coupling of alkylisocyanides and N,N′‐diarylguanidines has been developed. This reaction features include mild conditions (thermal or visible light activation), a wide substrate scope, and high efficiency. The coupling proceeds through a NiII/NiIV catalytic cycle, involving two‐electron aerobic oxidation and the sequential insertion of two isocyanide units into Ni−N bonds.Testing these compounds against pathogens of the ESKAPE panel showed their high activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration down to 0.38 μg/mL.