bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racing-related factors and results of prerace physical inspection and their association with musculoskeletal injuries incurred in Thoroughbreds during races
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Peloso John G. , Mundy George D. , Fisher Mitzi , Holland Robert E. , Little Thomas V , Misheff Martha M. , Watkins Jeffrey P. , Honnas Clifford M. , Moyer William 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To describe and compare data from Thoroughbreds that sustained musculoskeletal injuries while racing with data from matched control horses.

Design—
Matched case-control study.

Animals—
216 Thoroughbreds that sustained a musculoskeletal injury while racing and 532 horses from the same races that were not injured.

Procedure—
Data regarding racing history, race-entrant characteristics, racing events determined by analysis of videotapes of races, and results of prerace physical inspections were determined for all horses. Injured horses were compared with control horses by using conditional logistic regression.

Results—
Results of prerace inspection by regulatory veterinarians were significantly associated with injury. Odds of musculoskeletal injury, injury of the suspensory apparatus of the forellmb, and injury of the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle of the forelimb were 5.5 to 13.5 times greater among horses assessed to be at increased risk of injury by regulatory veterinarians on the basis of results of prerace inspection than for horses not considered to be at increased risk of injury. Odds of an abnormal finding in the suspensory ligament during prerace inspection were 3.4 times greater among horses that injured the suspensory apparatus than among control horses, and odds of an abnormal finding in the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle during prerace inspection were 15 times greater among horses that njured the tendon than among control horses.

Clinical Implications—
Regulatory veterinarians can identify horses during prerace physical inspection that have an increased risk of injury during races. Prerace physical inspections could be used to reduce the risk of injury to Thoroughbreds during races. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:454–463)
Survey of humane organizations and slaughter plants regarding experiences with Vietnamese potbellied pigs
Authors: Lord Linda K. , Wittum Thomas E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine to what extent humane organizations are receiving requests to take unwanted Vietnamese potbellied pigs and to determine whether owners of potbellied pigs are selling them for slaughter.

Design
Mail survey.

Sample Population
1,178 humane organizations in 7 states and 978 slaughter plants in 4 states.

Results
802 (68%) humane organizations and 787 (81%) slaughter plants responded. Of the humane organizations that responded, 479 (60%) stated they were willing to accept potbellied pigs. Humane organizations received 4,380 requests from owners to accept potbellied pigs during the study period and accepted 3,149 (72%) of these pigs. Six hundred fifteen (20%) of the potbellied pigs accepted were strays. Of the 437 humane organizations that provided reasons why owners relinquished their potbellied pigs, 255 (58%) reported larger than expected size, 148 (34%) reported zoning restrictions, and 82 (19%) reported aggression. Of 485 slaughter plants that normally slaughtered hogs, 255 (53%) had received requests to slaughter potbellied pigs. These plants slaughtered 2,640 and refused 1,407 potbellied pigs during the study period.

Clinical Implications
Problems with larger than expected size, zoning restrictions, and aggressive behavior caused owners of Vietnamese potbellied pigs to relinquish their pets to humane organizations and slaughter plants. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211:562–565)
Use of partial prostatectomy for treatment of prostatic abscesses and cysts in dogs
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Mahaffey Mary B. , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Quandt Jane E. , Oliver John E. , Crowell Wayne A. , Downs Myron O. , Stampley Anita R. , Allen Sheila W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether dogs had prostatic disease, urinary incontinence, or urinary tract infection 1 year after partial prostatectomy to treat prostatic abscesses and cysts.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
20 male dogs with prostatic abscesses or cysts. Fifteen dogs had evidence of urinary tract infection. Only 8 dogs urinated normally; the remainder dribbled, had obstructions, or required medical treatment.

Procedure
Partial prostatectomy was performed on each dog. Sexually Intact dogs (n = 12) also were castrated.

Results
None of the dogs had return of prostatic cystic enlargement or clinical signs of prostatic disease during the first year after surgery. Two dogs were euthanatized within 1 year after surgery, with 1 dog having prostatic enlargement and adenocarcinoma and 1 dog having unrelated lymphosarcoma. Fifteen dogs were continent. The remaining 5 dogs urinated normally but had intermittent and minor incontinence. Eleven dogs had no signs of infection 1 year after surgery, 5 had pyuria or positive urine bacteriologic culture results, 2 did not have urinalysis performed, and 2 were euthanatized.

Clinical Implications
Dogs with severe prostatic abscesses or cysts and infections can be successfully treated by partial prostatectomy with an ultrasonic surgical aspirator and castration, resulting in long-term disease resolution. Although most dogs with severe prostatic disease do not urinate normally before surgery, nearly all dogs resume normal micturition after partial prostatectomy. Postoperative results of partial prostatectomy appear to be better than those of previous drainage techniques for treatment of prostatic cavitary disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:868–871)
Influence of preoperative complete blood cell counts on surgical outcomes in healthy horses: 102 cases (1986–1996)
Authors: Toews Anne Rosemarie , Campbell John Ross 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the value of CBC as a preoperative test in healthy horses undergoing cryptorchidectomy.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
117 horses.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed to identify horses that had had cryptorchidectomy. Of the 117 horses identified, 102 were found that did not have a known medical condition believed to adversely affect surgery. Preoperative CBC was assessed in terms of abnormalities detected and effects of these abnormalities on development of complications during and after surgery and patient management.

Results
Of 102 CBC performed, 55 contained abnormalities. Mild neutrophilia was detected in 40 horses. Of the remaining 15 horses with abnormal CBC, 8 had abnormalities that were considered potentially important. Changes in patient management and development of surgical complications were not associated with these 8 horses. Surgical complications were defined as intraoperative changes in blood pressure, excessive blood loss, development of postanesthetic myopathies, and postoperative wound or respiratory tract infections. Surgical complications developed in 17 horses. Of these, 6 horses had an abnormal CBC that was indicative of mild neutrophilia. Positive and negative predictive values of preoperative CBC on development of perioperative complications were 0.11 and 0.77, respectively.

Clinical Implications
On the basis of findings in our study, determination of preoperative CBC does not predict development of complications during or after surgery and does not alter patient management. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:887–888)
Neurologic examination of sea turtles
Authors: Chrisman Cheryl L. , Walsh Michael , Meeks John C. , Zurawka Heidi , LaRock Richard , Herbst Larry , Schumacher Juergen 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether neurologic examination techniques established for use on dogs and cats could be adapted for use on sea turtles.

Design
Prospective controlled observational study.

Animals
4 healthy Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas), 1 healthy Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi), and 6 Green Turtles suspected to have neurologic abnormalities.

Procedure
Neurologic examinations were performed while sea turtles were in and out of the water and in ventral and dorsal recumbency. Mentation, general activity, head and body posture, movement and coordination, thoracic and pelvic limb movement, strength and muscle tone, and tail movement were observed. Thoracic and pelvic limb flexor reflexes and nociception, righting response, cranial nerve reflexes, clasp and cloacal reflexes, and neck, dorsal scute, cloacal, and tail nociception were tested.

Results
Results of neurologic evaluations were consistent for healthy sea turtles. Sea turtles suspected to have neurologic abnormalities had abnormal results.

Clinical Implications
Many of the neurologic examination techniques used to evaluate dogs and cats can be adapted and used to evaluate sea turtles. A standardized neurologic examination should result in an accurate assessment of neurologic function in impaired sea turtles and should help in evaluating effects of rehabilitation efforts and suitability for return to their natural environment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1043–1047)
Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves during noninvasive tooth pulp stimulation in halothane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Gross Marjorie E. , Pope Eric R. , O’Brien Dennis , Dodam J. R. , Polkow-Haight Jennifer 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To document that regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves would abolish reflex-evoked muscle action potentials (REMP) in the digastricus muscle during noninvasive stimulation of tooth pulp in halothane-anesthetized dogs.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
9 healthy female dogs between 2 and 6 years old.

Procedure
Dogs were anesthetized using halothane. An alligator clip anodal electrode was attached to the tooth to be stimulated, and a platinum needle cathodal electrode was inserted in adjacent gingival mucosa. The cathodal and anodal electrodes were moved to the left upper and lower canine, fourth premolar, and first molar teeth for sequential stimulation. Baseline recording of REMP was made for each tooth. Catheters were inserted percutaneously in the infraorbital and mandibular canals. Saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was injected at each catheterized site in 3 control dogs, and chloroprocaine hydrochloride was injected at each catheterized site in 6 test dogs. Each tooth was stimulated every 10 minutes for 90 minutes (test dogs) or every 10 minutes for 30 minutes and at 90 minutes (control dogs), and REMP was recorded.

Results
REMP was abolished within 10 minutes in all test dogs, except during stimulation of the lower first molar in 1 dog. In 4 dogs, duration of blockade was less than 90 minutes. The REMP was not restored within 90 minutes for the upper teeth in 1 dog and within 2 hours for all teeth in another dog. At 24 hours, REMP was restored for all teeth except the lower left canine in 1 dog. The REMP was restored for the lower left canine in that dog at 96 hours. The REMP was not abolished at any time in control dogs.

Clinical Implications
Regional anesthesia of the infraorbital and inferior alveolar nerves may effectively provide analgesia for dental procedures in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1403–1405)
Systemic hypertension and proteinuria in dogs with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Struble Andrea L. , Feldman Edward C. , Nelson Richard W , Kass Philip H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine prevalence and severity of systemic arterial hypertension and proteinuria in dogs with naturally developing diabetes mellitus (DM) and to determine whether these abnormalities were related to age, sex, duration of DM, or degree of control of glycemia.

Design—
Case series and cohort study.

Animals—
Fifty dogs with naturally developing DM.

Procedures—
Blood pressure was measured in all 50 dogs. Thirty-eight dogs were evaluated once, and 12 were evaluated sequentially. Thirty-five were evaluated for proteinuria by determining protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine (n = 35) or by electrophoresis of urine (33).

Results—
Hypertension was detected in 23 on the basis of a systolic pressure > 160 mm HG (12 dogs), a diastolic pressure > 100 mm HG (21), or a mean pressure > 120 mm HG (23). All dogs with systolic hypertension had concurrent diastolic and mean hypertension, and 19 of 21 dogs with diastolic hypertension had concurrent high mean pressure. Ten of 12 dogs reevaluated at subsequent visits had no change in blood pressure. Blood pressure remained consistent in 3 dogs tested at different times during the day on a single visit. Duration of DM and presence of proteinuria were significant predictors of hypertension. Seven of 35 (20%) dogs had an increased protein-to-creatinine ratio in their urine. Albumin concentration and albumin-to-creatinine ratio were significantly higher in urine from diabetic dogs, compared with healthy, nondiabetic dogs. Hypertension was associated with an increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Clinical Implications—
Systemic hypertension and proteinuria may be common in diabetic dogs, but the clinical importance of these findings are, as yet, unknown. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;213:822-825)
Comparison of topical application of oxytetracycline and four nonantibiotic solutions for treatment of papillomatous digital dermatitis in dairy cows
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Shearer Jan K. , Elliott Jessie B. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To compare efficacy of topical treatment with oxytetracycline solution or 1 of 4 nonantibiotic solutions among dairy cows with papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD).

Design
Randomized field trial.

Animals
66 cows in a single herd.

Procedure
Cows were randomly assigned to be treated with oxytetracycline solution; a commercial formulation of soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent; 5% copper sulfate solution; acidified ionized copper solution; hydrogen peroxide-peroxyacetic acid solution; or tap water. Cows were examined 14 and 30 days after initial treatment. During each examination, pain and lesion scores were recorded.

Results
On the basis of pain and lesion scores, oxytetracycline and the commercial formulation appeared equally effective for treatment of PDD and significantly more effective than 5% copper sulfate solution, acidified ionized copper solution, hydrogen peroxide-peroxyacetic acid solution, and tap water. Proportions of cows with signs of pain or visible lesions after treatment were significantly lower for cows treated with oxytetracycline or the commercial formulation than for cows in the other groups.

Clinical Implications
Oxytetracycline and a commercial formulation of soluble copper, peroxide compound, and a cationic agent appeared to be effective for treatment of PDD in dairy cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:688–690)
Evaluation of a low-dose synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in clinically normal dogs and dogs with naturally developing hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Kerl Marie E. , Peterson Mark E. , Wallace Melissa S. , Melián Carlos , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether low doses of synthetic ACTH could induce a maximal cortisol response in clinically normal dogs and to compare a low-dose ACTH stimulation protocol to a standard high-dose ACTH stimulation protocol in dogs with hyperadreno-corticism.

Design
Cohort study.

Animats
6 clinically normal dogs and 7 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism.

Procedure
Each clinically normal dog was given 1 of 3 doses of cosyntropin (1, 5, or 10 μg/kg [0.45, 2.3, or 4.5 μg/lb] of body weight, IV) in random order at 2-week intervals. Samples for determination of plasma cortisol and ACTH concentrations were obtained before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ACTH administration. Each dog with hyperadrenocorticism was given 2 doses of cosyntropin (5 μg/kg or 250 μg/dog) in random order at 2-week intervals. In these dogs, samples for determination of plasma cortisol concentrations were obtained before and 60 minutes after ACTH administration.

Results
In the clinically normal dogs, peak cortisol concentration and area under the plasma cortisol response curve did not differ significantly among the 3 doses. However, mean plasma cortisol concentration in dogs given 1 μg/kg peaked at 60 minutes, whereas dogs given doses of 5 or 10 μg/kg had peak cortisol values at 90 minutes. In dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, significant differences were not detected between cortisol concentrations after administration of the low or high dose of cosyntropin.

Ctinical Implications
Administration of cosyntropin at a rate of 5 μg/kg resulted in maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex in clinically normal dogs and dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:1497-1501)
Predictors of arterial oxygen tension in anesthetized horses: 1,610 cases (1992–1994)
Authors: Whitehair Karen J. , Willits Neil H. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify factors associated with various arterial partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2) in anesthetized horses.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
1,450 horses anesthetized a total of 1,610 times with isoflurane or halothane.

Procedure
Anesthesia records, particularly results of blood gas analyses, were reviewed, and horses were grouped on the basis of lowest Pao2.

Results
For horses with lowest Pao2 < 120 mm Hg, those with low pulse pressure, that underwent anesthesia on an emergency basis, or that were males were more likely to have Pao2 < 80 mm Hg. For horses with lowest Pao22 < 250 mm Hg, those that were positioned in dorsal recumbency, that underwent anesthesia on an emergency basis, or that had a shorter duration of anesthesia were more likely to have lowest Pao2 < 120 mm Hg. For horses with lowest PaO2 < 400 mm Hg, those that were positioned in dorsal recumbency, that underwent anesthesia on an emergency basis, that had a shorter duration of anesthesia, that were older, that were heavier, or that were being ventilated mechanically were more likely to have lowest Pao2 < 250 mm Hg.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Low pulse pressure, emergency case status, dorsal recumbency, and short duration of anesthesia were significantly related with lower Pao2 in anesthetized horses. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:978–981)
Empathic abilities of medical university students: analysis of theoretical and empirical research
Authors: Kim V. V. , Ganishina I. S. , Sorokoumova S. N. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article examines the empathic abilities of students in the process of studying at a medical university. The concept of "empathy" is analyzed, it is understood as a professionally significant property (quality) of a doctor's personality. The variety of ideas about the empathic abilities of the personality of future medical workers is considered in order to generalize knowledge about this phenomenon. The authors have diagnosed the peculiarities of the empathic abilities of future doctors among students studying at a medical university. The results of a theoretical and empirical study of the empathic abilities of medical students are presented. The empirical sample was made up of 103 students of the I.P. Pavlov Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Ryazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in the specialty 31.05.01 "Medical business". The research problem is the study of students' empathic abilities in the process of studying at a medical university to create a program for the development of their empathic abilities. The purpose of the study is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the phenomenon of empathy in domestic and foreign literature, the study of empathic abilities of a person, diagnostics of the level of development of empathic abilities of students of 1-5 courses of medical university.Materials and Methods. The following methods were used in the study: observation and testing. Methods: "Diagnostics of empathy level" (V. V. Boyko); "Emotional response scale" (A. Mehrabyan and N. Epstein); "Diagnostics of emotional intelligence" (N. Hall). The results were processed using mathematical statistics methods (Mann–Whitney U-test, correlation analysis, STATISTIKA 10.0).Results. It was found that the empathic abilities of students in the process of studying at a medical university in the 1st year are higher than in the 5th year. Students of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th years were diagnosed with an average level of empathic abilities in the process of studying at a medical university. The results of theoretical and empirical research indicate the need to develop the empathic abilities of future medical professionals in the process of studying at a university.Discussion and Conclusions. Our theoretical and empirical research has shown that students in the process of studying at a medical university may not have a stable level of empathic abilities depending on the course of study. The empathic abilities of medical university students have their own characteristics and correspond to the requirements for the professional and personal competencies of a future doctor.
Review of Marcel Bakirov’s book “Меn de ber fiker” (“A Thousand and One Thoughts”) (Kazan: “Khalkybyz mirasy” Publishing House, 2023. 536 p.)
Authors: Saifulina F. S. 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the article is to convey to the reader the essence of Marcel Bakirov’s book “Men de ber fiker” (“A Thousand and One Thoughts”) and to determine the place of the book, chosen as our research object, in the field of literary criticism and folklore. The article establishes the author’s purpose of writing this philosophical-sounding book and its target readers.The article highlights the scientific value of this voluminous book, consisting of three chapters, and proves that the individual articles, presented in the chapters, describe various aspects of the scholar’s work, they are compiled in a logical sequence, forming a single whole.The research articles, presented in the first two chapters of the book, help to understand the work of the prominent scholar who has lived a long and hard life, who is conducting studies in the field of literary criticism, the history of poetry and folkloristics. The third chapter expresses the author’s desire to transfer research results to other scholars, to be loyal to the chosen profession and reveals the secrets of achieving great success. It is proven that such work is very important for aspiring young scholars.
Species composition and stand structure of Shorea stenoptera Burck in KHDTK Haurbentes, Bogor, West Java
Authors: Mudzaky Rafi Hanif , Pamoengkas Prijanto , Hartoyo Adisti Permatasari Putri 
Published: December 2023

Decreased forest areas in Indonesia because of deforestation needs sustainable forest management. Shorea stenoptera Burck is native forest species in Borneo. IUCN declares this species included in Near Threatened. This research aims to analyze species composition, stand structure, and natural regeneration of Shorea stenoptera Burck and identify the biophysics effect on the regeneration performance of S. stenoptera in KHDTK Haurbentes. This research method uses vegetation analysis by constructing five observation areas. The results show that S. stenoptera dominates in every growth level in the S. stenoptera observation area. Stand structure showing inverse J curve. That indicates S. stenoptera stand has changed into a nature forest. S. stenoptera regeneration showed normal regeneration with density decreased along the diameter class increased. Biophysics aspects like slope and elevation affect the S. stenoptera growth.