bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Ni–B films on n‐silicon
Authors: Mondal Anup , Nath Sabyashachi , Mondal Ashok , Bandopadhyay Sikha , Gangopadhyay Utpal , Saha Hiranmay 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectroless deposition of Ni–B films on n‐silicon has been developed, using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. The deposition has been studied by varying the temperature, time of deposition and the concentration of the reducing agent used, keeping the pH of the solution unchanged. Sheet resistance of the deposited films were measured to confirm the growth. Preliminary studies on contact resistance between Ni–B film and n‐Si have been carried out. Results are found to be similar to contact resistance between Ni–B and p‐silicon, suggesting that ohmic contacts to n‐Si can be achieved even with Ni–B. This has been done with a view to deposit Ni simultaneously on both the front and back sides of a silicon solar cell, from the same solution. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly efficient all‐nitride phosphor‐converted white light emitting diode
Authors: Mueller‐Mach Regina , Mueller Gerd , Krames Michael R. , Höppe Henning A. , Stadler Florian , Schnick Wolfgang , Juestel Thomas , Schmidt Peter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe development and demonstration of a highly efficient warm‐white all‐nitride phosphor‐converted light emitting diode (pc‐LED) is presented utilizing a GaN based quantum well blue LED and two novel nitrogen containing luminescent materials, both of which are doped with Eu2+. For color conversion of the primary blue the nitridosilicates M2Si5N8 (orange‐red) and MSi2O2N2 (yellow‐green), with M = alkaline earth, were employed, thus achieving a high luminous efficiency (25 lumen/W at 1 W input), excellent color quality (correlated color temperature CCT = 3200 K, general color rendering index Ra > 90) and the highest proven color stability of any pc‐LED obtained so far. Thus, these novel all‐nitride LEDs are superior to both incandescent and fluorescent lamps and may therefore become the next generation of general lighting sources. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of diabetes on the survival of patients hospitalized with heart failure: A 12‐year study
Authors: Varela‐Roman Alfonso , Shamagian Lilian Grigorian , Caballero Eduardo Barge , Ramos Pilar Mazon , Veloso Pedro Rigueiro , Gonzalez‐Juanatey Jose Ramon 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients, focussing specifically on aetiology and patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function (LVSF), which to date has not been fully investigated.Method and results1659 Patients hospitalized for HF between 1991 and 2002 in the Cardiology Department of a tertiary hospital, aged 69±12years, 60% male were studied prospectively. Arterial hypertension was present in 54% of patients, DM in 26% and ischaemic cardiomyopathy in 51%. A survival analysis performed in April 2003 showed that DM worsens the prognosis of the whole group (median survival (MS):3.6 vs. 5.4 years; p<0.001), of ischaemic and non‐ischaemic patients (MS: 3.8 vs. 4.9 years; p=0.13 and 3.6 vs. 6.0 years; p<0.001, respectively). A similar effect of DM was shown in patients with preserved LVSF (MS: 3.8 vs. 5.8 years; p=0.03) and in patients with impaired LVSF (3.6 vs. 6.3 years; p<0.0001).ConclusionDM increases mortality among HF patients with preserved and impaired LVSF and those without ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Different prognostic impact of systolic function in patients with heart failure and/or acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Thune Jens Jakob , Carlsen Christian , Buch Pernille , Seibæk Marie , Burchardt Hans , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Køber Lars ,   on behalf of the DIAMOND investigators
Published: June 2005

AbstractAimsTo study the prognostic importance of left ventricular systolic function in patients with heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with respect to the presence of prior heart failure and known ischemic heart disease.MethodsIn 13,084 consecutive patients diagnosed with either AMI or HF, a medical history and an echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function by wall motion index (WMI) were obtained. Patients were divided into four groups: AMI with or without a history of HF, and primary HF (no recent AMI) with or without a history of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Mortality was assessed after nine years of follow‐up.ResultsWMI stratified patients according to all‐cause mortality in all four groups of patients (p< 0.0001). For a decrease in WMI of 0.3 (corresponding to a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.1), the hazard ratio was 1.61 (95% CI:1.48–1.76) for AMI patients without prior HF, 1.43 (1.38–1.48) for AMI patients with prior HF, 1.26 (1.22–1.30) for primary HF patients with IHD and 1.23 (1.18–1.27) for HF patients without IHD.ConclusionWMI stratifies patients with IHD and/or HF according to risk of all‐cause death. The presence of HF attenuates the prognostic power of WMI.
First report of sablefish in spawning condition off the coast of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
Authors: Orlov Alexei M. , Biryukov Igor A. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The population status of sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria (Anoplopomatidae) inhabiting the Asian coast of the western North Pacific is still uncertain, with no direct observations of sablefish spawning. This paper describes the first capture of pre-spawning and spawning individuals in Pacific waters off the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka, suggesting that sablefish spawning may occur on the southwestern edge of their range. Traditionally these areas have not been considered as suitable sablefish habitat. The spatial distribution of sablefish during pre-spawning periods suggests the use of quasistationary eddies. Further study of juvenile sablefish presence and survival will require ichthyoplankton surveys, and elucidation of population status of sablefish inhabiting the study area will require genetic investigation.
A novel total knee arthroplasty infection model in rabbits
Authors: Craig Matthew R. , Poelstra Kornelis A. , Sherrell J. Christopher , Kwon Michael S. , Belzile Etienne L. , Brown Thomas E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractInfection of biomaterial implants is an expensive and devastating complication of orthopaedic surgery historically ranging from less than 1% in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to 10% in revision TKA. An in vivo animal model was developed to test the efficacy of innovative therapies for the prevention of biomaterial centered infections caused by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA). Twenty‐two New Zealand White rabbits were used in this study. After proper anesthesia, a stainless‐steel screw with a high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) washer was cemented in a defect created in the intra‐articular, nonarticulating portion of the lateral femoral condyle of each knee. After closure of the joint capsule, each knee was inoculated with 0, 102, 103, or 104 colony forming units (CFU) of MRSA. Animals were sacrificed after 7 days at which time joint aspirate, tissues and biomaterial samples were examined for evidence of infection.A total of 42 knees were used for analysis. When saline was injected into the knee, 0/10 of the knees demonstrated evidence of biomaterial centered infection (with the contralateral knee receiving 104 CFU MRSA). Four of 10 knees developed a biomaterial centered infection when 102 CFU MRSA was introduced. Seven out of 10 knees developed a biomaterial centered infection when either 103 or 104 CFU MRSA was injected. No evidence of septicemia (positive blood cultures) was found in any animal. This rabbit knee model utilizes commonly employed inexpensive orthopaedic implant materials in an in vivo milieu and provides an effective method for the evaluation of treatments for biomaterial centered infections. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Novel ultrasonic evaluation of tissue‐engineered cartilage for large osteochondral defects—non‐invasive judgment of tissue‐engineered cartilage
Authors: Hattori Koji , Takakura Yoshinori , Ohgushi Hajime , Habata Takashi , Uematsu Kota , Ikeuchi Ken 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough numerous methods for regenerating articular cartilage have been investigated, the regenerated tissue showed various histological findings from hyaline‐like cartilage to fibrous tissue. Without biopsy, we are unable to know whether the cartilage regeneration method was histologically successful or not. We developed a new ultrasonic evaluation system for articular cartilage using the maximum magnitude (MM) from ultrasonic analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of ultrasonic judgment of the cartilage regeneration procedure. Using our system we quantitatively evaluated tissue‐engineered cartilage in rabbit cartilage defects. The specimens were retrospectively divided into two groups on the basis of histological findings and investigated whether significant differences in ultrasonic analysis could be found between the two (group H: hyaline‐like cartilage group, successful; group F: fibrous tissue group, failure). In the ultrasonic findings, the MM was 1.11 ± 0.32 in group H and 0.65 ± 0.18 in group F and these differences were significant (P = 0.00061). Our results suggest that the ultrasonic evaluation system used in the present study is capable of judging the success or failure of cartilage regeneration procedures, and therefore, it could be a valuable tool arthroscopic diagnosis of cartilage regeneration. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Relating Musical Structure and Content to Aesthetic Response: A Model and Analysis of Beethoven's Piano Sonata Op. 110
Authors: Ockelford Adam 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA model is presented which aims to show how, for listeners familiar with a given style, aesthetic response to music may be related to its ‘structure’ (as defined in relation to ‘zygonic’ theory) and ‘content’ (the particular perceived qualities of sound that pertain to a given musical event). The model combines recent empirical findings from music psychology with other approaches adapted from music theory and philosophy. Intramusical considerations, which form the core of the model, are positioned within a broader socio-cultural, cognitive and physical context. The new framework is used to inform an analysis of Beethoven's Piano Sonata op.110, which examines in particular the notions of teleology in music and narrative metaphor.
The Mechanisms of the Music Trade in Central Germany, 1600–40
Authors: Rose Stephen 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOne of the main challenges facing early printers and publishers of music was how to distribute their products to a dispersed, niche market. At the start of the seventeenth century there were two principal routes of dissemination in German-speaking lands: the general book trade (including the fairs at Frankfurt am Main and Leipzig) and the composer's own initiatives (whether via presentation copies, or via self-publication as pursued by Michael Praetorius, Johann Hermann Schein and Heinrich Schütz). This article traces the transactions by which music was disseminated, examines the range of music available through the book trade, and asks how booksellers and musicians negotiated the market for printed music.
Publishing Music from the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge: The Work of Vincent Novello and Samuel Wesley in the 1820s
Authors: Olleson Philip , Palmer Fiona M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn 1816, Richard Fitzwilliam died, bequeathing his important music collection to the University of Cambridge. In 1824 the University decided to allow selections from it to be published. The most important outcome was Vincent Novello's five-volumeThe Fitzwilliam Music(1825–7), containing Latin church music by Italian composers of the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, but there was also an edition by Samuel Wesley of three hymn tunes by Handel to words by his father, and Wesley also projected an edition of motets from Byrd'sGradualiawhich for financial reasons was never published. This article discusses Fitzwilliam's bequest, the involvement of Novello and Wesley, the two publications that resulted in the 1820s, and Wesley's unsuccessful Byrd project.
President, patron, friend and lover: Charles Montagu's significance to the history of science
Authors: Higgitt Rebekah 
Published: May 2005

Summary
This article examines the legacy of Charles Montagu, Lord Halifax, within the history of science. Although he was President of The Royal Society from 1695 to 1698, Montagu is best known for his political career and as a patron of the arts. As this article shows, Montagu's own scientific interests were limited and his chief significance to the history of science lies in his friendship with a later President, Isaac Newton. It is argued, firstly, that their relationship had important, though indirect, consequences for The Royal Society and, secondly, that its treatment by historians of science has been revealing of changing views of the status of science and its practitioners. Particular attention is given to the approaches of the first generation of Newtonian scholars and biographers in the 19th century.
Transport of neutral solute in articular cartilage: effects of loading and particle size
Authors: Zhang Le , Szeri A.Z 
Published: June 2005

We investigate the influence that matrix structure, size of diffusing molecules and type and intensity of mechanical loading have on the transport of neutral solutes in articular cartilage. Although this type of investigation has been performed in the past, earlier researchers assumed a constant diffusion coefficient. By contrast, our diffusion coefficient depends on the local deformation of the matrix, and thus varies both in space and in time during an experiment.We derive a three-dimensional formulation of the problem based on mixture theory and utilize the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS to study it numerically. We also make use of the Cohen–Turnbull–Yasuda model to correlate the decrease of the diffusion coefficient with the increase in tortuosity, owing to the presence of the matrix. Under appropriate circumstances, the equations derived here reduce to the classical convection/diffusion equation and the equations of the biphasic cartilage model. Even though we chose axisymmetric sample geometry for the present calculations, the model can easily be applied to irregular three-dimensional samples.Our results reinforce and refine previously published studies. The neutral solute's rate of diffusion is reduced under static compression, due to the strain dependence of the diffusion coefficient; an increase in static compression leads to a decrease in the rate of transport of solutes of all sizes. Dynamic loading, on the other hand, augments solute transport due to convection, depending on particle size. The transport of small molecular size solute is moderately enhanced, but only within the surface layer; however, the rate of transport of large molecule solute is greatly increased, even in the deep layer of the cartilage.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of native and selenomethionyl vinorine synthase from Rauvolfia serpentina
Authors: Ma Xueyan , Koepke Juergen , Bayer Anja , Fritzsch Günter , Michel Hartmut , Stöckigt Joachim 
Published: June 2005

Vinorine synthase (VS) is a central enzyme of the biosynthesis of the antiarrhythmic drug ajmaline and is a member of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. So far, no three-dimensional structure with significant sequence homology with VS is known. Crystals of VS and selenomethionyl-labelled VS from the medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina have been obtained by the hanging-drop technique at 305 K with ammonium sulfate and PEG 400 as precipitants. VS crystals diffract to 2.8 Å and belong to space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 82.3, b = 89.6, c = 136.2 Å. The selenomethionyl VS crystal was nearly isomorphous with the VS crystal.
Heat transfer analysis of charring ablators under aerodynamic heating
Authors: Lin J.L. , Yang C.S. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis work experimentally and numerically investigates the aerodynamic heating of the charring‐ablating materials.Design/methodology/approachThe experimental model is a stainless steel cone with an attached charring ablator, in which supersonic hot flow impinges. The initial numerical simulation is based on physical and mathematical models, including one‐dimensional, unsteady energy transport and mass conservation equations, coupled with calculations of aerodynamic heating, thermal degradation, heat transfer of the ablating surface and the ablation model. The problem is solved by an efficient numerical method.FindingsThe numerical calculations involve the time history of the temperature distribution inside the charring material and the backup structure. The results are consistent with the experimental data.Originality/valueThis study proposes an effective method to correlate one's own ablation rate equation, by a method of trial and error to find the correlation constants, and the corresponding time histories of the ablation rate or temperature that are closest to one's own experimental data. Then the correlation of the surface ablation rate can be applied with confidence in the numerical calculation of other cases.
Weak interactions between objects in the signal‐based and parametric diagnostics of transport‐dedicated complex engineering systems
Authors: Lindstedt Paweł 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo provide original knowledge for graduate students, research workers and specialists in ability maintenance system of engineering systems in range of improving their diagnostic susceptibility in order to improve of credibility of worked out diagnosis, genesis and forecast.Design/methodology/approachIn this work are methodological guidelines to realize a process of improving of diagnostic susceptibility of engineering systems, which can be approached as an automatics system. It can be hydraulic, pneumatic and fuel systems, oil and gas pipelines, etc.FindingsIt was noticed and next theoretically and experimentally confirmed that signals of weak interactions, which can excite between a tested object (hydraulic system) and a adjoined testing object (a corrector), are an additional piece of diagnostic information. This information allows for an increase of reliability of diagnosis, which is working out.Research limitations/implicationsThe signals of weak interactions can arise, when a tested object can be approached as an automatic control system (ACS), in which can be distinguished a controlled system (e.g. installation) and a control unit (e.g. pump). Experimental research was realized on a physical model of the airplane hydraulic installation. Other object requires similar investigations.Practical implicationsThe development of functional (parametric and signal‐based) diagnosing methods. The proposition of “signal‐based diagnostics” based on the indicators of quality of course signal. These indicators result from the principles of the automatics, and from parametric diagnostics, resulting from the principles of the static and dynamic identification of diagnosing objects.Originality/valueThe proposition of receiving diagnostic information, also during observation of phenomena, which occur in a feedback path of automatics systems, in which operates a specially adjoined corrector (a testing object). Such approach allows by means of change of corrector's parameters to determine optionally a required sensitivity of measuring system, and to control a set value into the corrector, which is an output signal in the occurring in the past.
Mixture ratio control of liquid propellant engines
Authors: Nassirharand Amir , Karimi Hassan 
Published: June 2005

PurposeDevelopment and application of a new systematic approach for design of a control system in order to control the mixture ratio of liquid propellant engines.Design/methodology/approachThe design approach is based on a full nonlinear dynamic model of the engine, and the controller design method is based on describing function models of the engine coupled with the factorization theory. The presented systematic design procedure is comprised of five primary steps. The developed software for the design approach is in the MATLAB environment.FindingsIt is found that the presented design approach may successfully be used to control the mixture ratio of a class of liquid propellant engines whose control loops are decoupled. The performance and robustness of the designed controller is found to be satisfactory.Research limitations/implicationsAt present, the research is limited to liquid propellant engines whose control loops are decoupled.Practical implicationsThe major outcome of this research is that complicated hydromechanical control valves that are used to control the mixture ratio may be replaced by simple microprocessor based servomechanisms that drive simple valves. This will allow for the engine to accept various set point values for mixture ratio as is required in multi‐regime engines.Originality/valueThis is the first paper in the area of mixture ratio control of a liquid propellant engine that is based on the application of describing function approach coupled with the factorization theory.
ICT literacy
Authors: Rockman Ilene F. 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo inform readers about the new information and communication technology assessment tool developed by the Education Testing Service and a consortium of two and four‐year academic institutions in the USA.Design/methodology/approachA concise assessment of the tool.FindingsThe tool is scenario, performance, and problem‐based so that students must demonstrate their knowledge. It is also interactive and recognises that students should be able to integrate various skills to solve real‐life problems.Originality/valueWill assist higher education institutions and workforce/career centers about the unique scenario‐based, web‐based assessment tool which integrates the proficiencies of information literacy with the use of digital and computer technologies, along with the principles of the ethical and legal use of information.
Career mobility and gender on the Swedish labour market
Authors: Granqvist Lena , Persson Helena 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThere is now a large amount of literature on gender wage differentials, but only a few studies have examined why men and women end up in different jobs and at different levels. This paper aims to study the extent of differences in career mobility between men and women.Design/methodology/approachThe issue is analysed with the help of event history analysis based on Swedish event history data.FindingsThe authors find that differences do exist in career mobility between women and men. Women's chances of getting a better job are about half those of men. However, when analysing employees with more than 12 years in education, the difference between men and women is smaller. Part of the difference between women and men is explained by family‐related factors. Women spend much more time in family‐related non‐market activities and these factors also have a negative effect on their chances of career mobility.Originality/valueThis paper is useful to those wishing to examine the extent of differences in career mobility between men and women.