bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Southern Ocean acoustic targets using aggregation backscatter and shape characteristics
Authors: Woodd-Walker Rachel S , Watkins Jonathan L , Brierley Andrew S 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Acoustic surveys for biomass estimation require accurate identification of echoes from the target species. In one objective technique for identifying Antarctic krill, the difference between mean volume-backscattering strength at two frequencies is used, but can misclassify small krill and other plankton. Here, we investigate ways to improve target identification by including characteristics of backscattering energy and morphology of aggregations. To do this, multi-frequency acoustic data were collected concurrently with target fishing of Antarctic krill and other euphausiid and salp aggregations. Parameter sets for these known aggregations were collated and used to develop empirical classifications. Both linear discriminant-function analysis (DFA) and the artificial neural network technique were employed. In both cases, acoustic-backscattering energy parameters were most important for discriminating between Antarctic krill and other zooplankton. However, swarm morphology and other parameters improved the discrimination, particularly between krill and salps. Our study suggests that for krill-biomass estimates, a simple DFA based on acoustic-energy parameters is a substantial improvement over current dB-difference acoustic methods; but studies requiring the discrimination of zooplankton other than krill must still be supported by target fishing.
Time and cell cycle dependent formation of heterogeneous tubulin arrays induced by colchicine in Triticum aestivum root meristem
Authors: Lazareva Elena M. , Polyakov Vladimir Y. , Chentsov Yuri S. , Smirnova Elena A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe have investigated the appearance and reorganization of tubulin‐containing arrays induced by colchicine in the root meristem of wheat Triticum aestivum, using immunostaining and electron microscopy. Colchicine caused depolymerization of microtubules and formation of tubulin cortical strands composed of filamentous material only in C‐mitotic cells. After prolonged exposure to the drug, both interphase and C‐mitotic cells acquired needle‐type bundles, arranged as different crystalloids and/or macrotubules. The unmodified tyrosinated form of α‐tubulin was detected within microtubules in control cells, but was not found within cortical strands. It was identified, however, within needle‐type bundles. The modified acetylated form of α‐tubulin, which was absent in control cells, was detected within needle‐type bundles. Thus, cortical strands were transitory arrays, transformed into needle‐type bundles during prolonged exposure to colchicine. Cortical strands appeared in a cell cycle‐dependent manner, whereas needle‐type bundles were cell cycle stable arrays. The diverse morphological organization, intracellular distribution and stability of tubulin‐containing arrays may be associated with heterogeneity of α‐tubulin isoforms. We assume that non‐microtubular arrays substitute for microtubules in conditions where normal tubulin polymerization is inhibited.
Characterization of chemotactic ability of peptides containing N‐formyl‐methionyl residues in Tetrahymena fMLP as a targeting ligand
Authors: Kohidai László , Török Krisztina , Illyés Eszter , Tamási Judit , Sebestyén Ferenc , Láng Orsolya , Csaba György , Hudecz Ferenc 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe chemotactic effects of six formylated, putatively bacterial peptides (fMLP, fMLPP, fMMM, fMP, fMV, and fMS) were studied. From the set of six peptides, only fMLP (one of the most effective chemoattractant peptides in mammals) elicited a significant positive chemotactic response in the eukaryotic ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, while the other formylated ligands, e.g. fMMM (which is also effective in mammals), had neutral or antagonistic effects in Tetrahymena. A study of their amino acid sequences points to an, as yet obscure, interaction between C‐terminal f‐Met and N‐terminal aromatic Phe. Some optimal physicochemical characteristics (e.g. solvent exposed area, solubility) of the molecule may be responsible for this special feature of f‐MLP at such a low level of phylogeny. This means that the unicellular Tetrahymena is able to select between related molecules, giving high priority to the molecule that is the most chemoattractive in mammals. The results call attention to the possible presence of f‐Met receptors at a unicellular level and to the evolutionary conservation of chemotaxis‐activating processes.
Master scaling of perceived intensity of touch, cold and warmth
Authors: Berglund Birgitta , Harju Eva‐Liz 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA new approach is presented for scaling perceived intensity of touch, cold and warmth based on magnitude estimation. In this method named master scaling thenar is utilized as common reference area for scaling and calibrating perceived intensity. The master scaling is particularly well suited for clinical applications in which the stimulation in pain‐affected body areas creates a complex perception (e.g., paradoxical heat for cold stimulation) and/or aberrant psychophysical functions for perceived intensity. The results from three different experiments showed that: (a) All patients and healthy subjects were able to scale adequately the perceived intensity of touch, cold, and warmth at unaffected body areas. (b) Thenar stimulations were shown to be adequate common references in the joint scaling of perceived intensity of other body areas in pain patients as well as healthy persons. (c) Individual thenar psychophysical functions can be used for screening patients and healthy persons with regard to their ability to scale perceived intensity of touch, cold and warmth. (d) Master scaled perceived intensity scales can be used for determining if various pain‐unaffected body areas are normal or abnormal in patients and in healthy persons. (e) The interindividual variation in perceived intensity is considerably reduced after master scaling and approaches that of intraindividual variation as found in olfaction and hearing. Finally, empirically based thenar Master Functions of perceived intensity for touch, cold and warmth are proposed to be used in future sensory testing of patients, as well as of healthy persons.
Spinal cord injury pain
Authors: Beric Aleksandar 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAwareness that SCI pain is common emerged during the past decade. However, there are a number of unresolved issues. There is a need for variety of experimental models to reflect diversity of SCI pains. Current classification is not as user‐friendly as it should be. More attention should be given to a condition of the spinal cord below and above the SCI lesion. A consensus for what is an optimal SCI functional assessment for patients with sensory complaints and pain should be developed. Further extensive SCI pain research is needed prior to spinal cord regeneration trials in order to be able to cope with a potential for newly developed pains that may appear during incomplete spinal cord regenerative attempts.
Statistical evaluation of the Predictive Toxicology
Challenge 2000–2001
Authors: Toivonen Hannu , Srinivasan Ashwin , King Ross D. , Kramer Stefan , Helma Christoph 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The development of in silico models to predict chemical carcinogenesis from molecular structure would help greatly to prevent environmentally caused cancers. The Predictive Toxicology Challenge (PTC) competition was organized to test the state-of-the-art in applying machine learning to form such predictive models.
Results: Fourteen machine learning groups generated 111 models. The use of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) space allowed the models to be uniformly compared regardless of the error cost function. We developed a statistical method to test if a model performs significantly better than random in ROC space. Using this test as criteria five models performed better than random guessing at a significance level p of 0.05 (not corrected for multiple testing). Statistically the best predictor was the Viniti model for female mice, with p value below 0.002. The toxicologically most interesting models were Leuven2 for male mice, and Kwansei for female rats. These models performed well in the statistical analysis and they are in the middle of ROC space, i.e. distant from extreme cost assumptions. These predictive models were also independently judged by domain experts to be among the three most interesting, and are believed to include a small but significant amount of empirically learned toxicological knowledge.
Availability: PTC details and data can be found at: http://www.predictive-toxicology.org/ptc/
Contact: hannu.toivonen@cs.helsinki.fi
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Calculation of helix packing angles in protein
structures
Authors: Dalton James A. R. , Michalopoulos Ioannis , Westhead David R. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Summary: Software is presented for the calculation of packing angles and geometry of helical secondary structure elements in protein structures.
Availability: C language source code and documentation is available from http://www.bioinformatics.leeds.ac.uk
Contact: D.R.Westhead@leeds.ac.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
A mathematical programming approach for
gene selection and tissue classification
Authors: Sun Minghe , Xiong Momiao 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Extracting useful information from expression levels of thousands of genes generated with microarry technology needs a variety of analytical techniques. Mathematical programming approaches for classification analysis outperform parametric methods when the data depart from assumptions underlying these methods. Therefore, a mathematical programming approach is developed for gene selection and tissue classification using gene expression profiles.
Results: A new mixed integer programming model is formulated for this purpose. The mixed integer programming model simultaneously selects genes and constructs a classification model to classify two groups of tissue samples as accurately as possible. Very encouraging results were obtained with two data sets from the literature as examples. These results show that the mathematical programming approach can rival or outperform traditional classification methods.
Contact: msun@utsa.edu
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Estimating the occurrence of false positives and false
negatives in microarray studies by approximating and
partitioning the empirical distribution of p-values
Authors: Pounds Stan , Morris Stephan W. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Motivation: The occurrence of false positives and false negatives in a microarray analysis could be easily estimated if the distribution of p-values were approximated and then expressed as a mixture of null and alternative densities. Essentially any distribution of p-values can be expressed as such a mixture by extracting a uniform density from it.
Results: The occurrence of false positives and false negatives in a microarray analysis could be easily estimated if the distribution of p-values were approximated and then expressed as a mixture of null and alternative densities. Essentially any distribution of p-values can be expressed as such a mixture by extracting a uniform density from it.
Availability: An S-plus function library is available from http://www.stjuderesearch.org/statistics
Contact: stanley.pounds@stjude.org
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Investigating semantic similarity measures
across the Gene Ontology: the relationship between
sequence and annotation
Authors: Lord P. W. , Stevens R. D. , Brass A. , Goble C. A. 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Many bioinformatics data resources not only hold data in the form of sequences, but also as annotation. In the majority of cases, annotation is written as scientific natural language: this is suitable for humans, but not particularly useful for machine processing. Ontologies offer a mechanism by which knowledge can be represented in a form capable of such processing. In this paper we investigate the use of ontological annotation to measure the similarities in knowledge content or‘ semantic similarity’ between entries in a data resource. These allow a bioinformatician to perform a similarity measure over annotation in an analogous manner to those performed over sequences. A measure of semantic similarity for the knowledge component of bioinformatics resources should afford a biologist a new tool in their repetoire of analyses.
Results: We present the results from experiments that investigate the validity of using semantic similarity by comparison with sequence similarity. We show a simple extension that enables a semantic search of the knowledge held within sequence databases.
Availability: Software available from http://www.russet.org.uk
Contact: p.lord@russet.org.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for anxiety and depression
Authors: Marks Isaac M. , Mataix-Cols David , Kenwright Mark , Cameron Rachel , Hirsch Steven , Gega Lina 
Published: June 2003

BackgroundMost anxiety/depression is not effectively treated.AimsOpen evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive – behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist.MethodTest of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for depression, phobia/panic, general anxiety or obsessive-compulsive disorder.ResultsThe equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt ‘fairly satisfied’. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT.ConclusionsComputer-aided self-help is a‘clinician extender’ that greatly cuts per-patient therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per-patient cost of CBT.
Reception screening and mental health needs assessment in a male remand prison
Authors: Gavin Noel , Parsons Shaun , Grubin Don 
Published: June 2003

Aims and MethodThis study was designed to clarify the nature and extent of psychiatric provision that would be needed if a new health screening protocol were to be introduced into the prison system. The reception screening questionnaires for every inmate coming into the prison over a 15-week period were reviewed using the new protocol. A further mental health assessment was undertaken on those who had screened positive.Results201 men (32.6%) were found to be positive for serious mental illnessClinical ImplicationsBased on this analysis, large increases in psychiatric resources would not be needed if the proposed new reception health screening processes were in place, although a reorganisation of the way in which services are delivered may be required.
Phase III Randomized Trial of 12 Versus 3 Months of Maintenance Paclitaxel in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer After Complete Response to Platinum and Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy: A Southwest Oncology Group and Gynecologic Oncology Group Trial
Authors: Markman Maurie , Liu P.Y. , Wilczynski Sharon , Monk Bradley , Copeland Larry J. , Alvarez Ronald D. , Jiang Caroline , Alberts David 
Published: June 2003

Purpose: To determine whether continuing paclitaxel for an extended time period in women with advanced ovarian cancer who had achieved a clinically defined complete response to a platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy could prolong subsequent progression-free survival (PFS) and affect ultimate survival. Patients and Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to either three or 12 cycles of single-agent paclitaxel administered every 28 days and were then followed up for progression-free and overall survival. Results: As of September 6, 2001, 277 patients (262 assessable) had entered the trial, with a total of 54 PFS events having developed among 222 patients with follow-up data. With the exception of peripheral neuropathy, there were no major differences in toxicity between the regimens. The median PFS was 21 and 28 months in the three-cycle and 12-cycle paclitaxel arms, respectively. One-sided P values from an unadjusted log-rank test and an adjusted Cox model analysis (for stratification factors) were .0035 and .0023, respectively, both in favor of the 12-cycle arm. The Cox model-adjusted three-cycle versus the 12-cycle progression hazard ratio was estimated to be 2.31 (99% confidence interval, 1.08 to 4.94). With a protocol-specified early termination boundary of P = .005, these findings led the Southwest Oncology Group Data Safety Monitoring Committee to discontinue the trial. As of the date of study closure, there was no difference in overall survival between the treatment arms. Conclusion: Twelve cycles of single-agent paclitaxel administered to women with advanced ovarian cancer who attain a clinically defined complete response to initial platinum/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy significantly prolongs the duration of PFS.
Kinetics of Adsorption and Self-assembling of Thiophene and Dodecanethiol Studied by Optical Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Mishina Elena , Tamura Takehisa , Sakaguchi Hiroshi , Nakabayashi Seiichiro 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
The processes of adsorption and self-assembling of dodecanethiol and thiophene oligomers on gold substrate were studied in situ by optical second harmonic generation and kinetic constants were estimated using simple Langmuir model.
Direct Introduction of Primary Amine into Nonpolar Polyolefins Mediated by a New Metallocene IFZ Catalyst. A New Synthetic Approach for One-pot Synthesis of Allyl Amine-capped Polyolefins
Authors: Imuta Jun-ichi , Toda Yoshihisa , Matsugi Tomoaki , Kaneko Hideyuki , Matsuo Shingo , Kojoh Shin-ichi , Kashiwa Norio 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
We report on the first example of metallocene-catalyzed allyl amine incorporation having only one CH2 chain spacer into the nonpolar polymer backbone using new metallocene 1 and methylaluminoxane with high activity at high temperature. This is the first example of predominant chain end site-selective introduction of amine group into the polyolefins.
A Simple Route for Formation of Continuous Ni Nanoshells on Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Chen Dong-Hwang , Lin Jia-Peng , Wu Szu-Han , Wang Chun-Ting 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Continuous Ni nanoshells of 1.2 nm-thick were successfully fabricated on polymer microspheres via a simple one-step process. The preferential coating of Ni on the surface of polymer microspheres was attributed to the use of ethylene glycol as a solvent and appropriate reaction temperature.
Fabrication of Silver Nanoshell on Functionalized Silica Sphere through Layer-by-Layer Technique
Authors: Jiang Zhong-jie , Liu Chun-yan , Liu Yun , Zhang Zhi-ying , Li Yong-jun 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Core-shell assembly of negatively charged silver nanoparticles on silica has been obtained via electrostatic attraction and coordination. The thickness of shell can be easily tailored by a layer-by-layer technique.
Taking Advantage of Disorder: Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and Its Roles in Biomineralization
Authors: Addadi L. , Raz S. , Weiner S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAmorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in its pure form is highly unstable, yet some organisms produce stable ACC, and cases are known in which ACC functions as a transient precursor of more stable crystalline aragonite or calcite. Studies of biogenic ACC show that there are significant structural differences, including the observation that the stable forms are hydrated whereas the transient forms are not. The many different ways in which ACC can be formed in vitro shed light on the possible mechanisms involved in stabilization, destabilization, and transformation of ACC into crystalline forms of calcium carbonate. We show here that ACC is a fascinating form of calcium carbonate that may well be of much interest to materials science and biomineralization.
Patterns of daily physical activity during school days in children and adolescents
Authors: Mota Jorge , Santos Paula , Guerra Sandra , Ribeiro José C. , Duarte José A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the weekday patterns of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in school children and adolescents and determine if there are periods of the day that are representative of their typical MVPA. The sample comprised 84 subjects (boys, n = 30; girls, n = 54), age 8–15 years old. Daily totals for the physical activity variables were calculated by summing the values from 13hr of physical activity (PA) measurements (9:00–22:00), with 60‐min time blocks comprising each day. The MVPA data values were categorized in four daily periods: morning (9:00–11:59), noon (12:00–14:59), late afternoon (15:00–17.59), and evening (18:00–21.59). Our data show that boys participated significantly more in MVPA than girls. Despite no clear patterns or differences among sex being found, girls showed higher percent of time engaged in MVPA during the morning and early afternoon periods (sum of two periods 51.0%), while boys' percent of time engaged in MVPA is higher at late afternoon and evening periods (sum of two periods 53.8%). The principal components analyses showed four distinct components that accounted for 67% of the variance, as follows: school hours (component 1); lunchtime and outside‐school activities (component 2); morning time before school period (component 4); and period before bedtime (component 3) appear as distinct periods of the day. In conclusion, the present study shows that boys engaged more in MVPA than girls. Girls tend to be more active during school periods, while boys are more active after school. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:547–553, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling stability and change in strength development: A study in adolescent boys
Authors: Maia José António R. , Beunen Gaston , Lefevre Johan , Claessens Albrecht L. , Renson Roland , Vanreusel Bart 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate stability and change in different expressions of strength development in adolescent boys using structural equation modeling. Three models were used: Markov simplex to study stability or tracking, Wiener or random walk to investigate fanning‐out or spread effects in change, and latent growth to study differences in individual pathways of change as well as group changes. In the Leuven Growth Study, 588 male subjects were followed for 6 years with a mean age of 12.7 years at the onset of the study. Vertical jump, arm pull, and bent arm hang were used to mark the following strength factors: explosive strength, static strength, and functional strength. All models were tested with robust estimation procedures based on the software EQS 6.0. Main results and conclusions are as follows: 1) all strength factors showed moderate to high tracking, with low values of instability in relative position of the subjects in their developmental channels; 2) the fanning‐out effect is not obvious, although some evidence showed a spread effect in functional and explosive strength; 3) there are marked interindividual differences in developmental pathways of strength manifestations; 4) strength development is linear and also has some curvilinearity, something akin to a breaking effect; 5) linear trend is negatively correlated with initial status and the leveling‐off effect is also negatively correlated with the linear change. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:579–591, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.