bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic phase boundary and transport properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3
Authors: Xia Z. C. , Hu M. T. , Zeng F. R. , Liu G. , Dong B. , Xiao L. X. , Liu L. , Liu S. , Tang C. Q. , Yuan S. L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of Fe3O4 magnetic phase and its doping level on the electric transport and magnetic properties of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 were investigated, where the Fe3O4 doping level was 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 7.5, and 20%. A twofold effect, enhancement and suppression, on magnetization properties was observed in the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/Fe3O4 composites. For a low field ranging from 0 to 0.3 T an obvious enhanced magnetization was observed, while for a higher field a suppressed magnetization was observed. A new insulator–metal transition behaviour was observed for all the composites. Compared with pure La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, the twofold influence and new transition were discussed by considering the separation and pinning effects of the Fe3O4 on the growth and rotation of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 ferromagnetic domain. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ansatz for the evaluation of the relativistic contributions to core ionization energies in complex molecules involving heavy atoms
Authors: Maruani J. , Kuleff A. I. , Chong D. P. , Bonnelle C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOn the basis of numerical, ab initio ΔDF and ΔHF computations of 1s‐core, 2s‐core, and 2p‐core ionization energies of atoms, from Li through Xe, an allometric empirical formula that was proposed for evaluating relativistic corrections (including QED effects) to nonrelativistic values is assessed for homogeneous sets of elements in the periodic table. The two coefficients involved in this formula are precisely determined for 1s‐core ionization in the sets of atoms Be‐Ne, Mg‐Ar, Zn‐Kr, and Cd‐Xe; 2s‐core ionization in the sets of atoms Mg‐Ar, Zn‐Kr, and Cd‐Xe; and 2p‐core ionization in the set Mg‐Ar. It is shown that the medium relative error on the results obtained using this formula, with respect to those directly computed, decreases from a few percent to a few hundredths of 1% when the depth of the ionized level increases. This formula could be used to include relativistic (and QED) corrections to results yielded by simpler, nonrelativistic calculations on complex molecules involving heavy atoms. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Literate programming in quantum chemistry: A simple example
Authors: Quiney H. M. , Wilson S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLiterate programming methods have not been widely used in computational molecular structure theory. We argue that significant advantages would result from the use of literate programming methods in the computational molecular sciences and, indeed, in computational science, in general. Our arguments are illustrated by a simple example of literate programming methods in ab initio electronic structure theory is described. We distinguish text‐embedded code, or literate programs, from code‐embedded text and suggest that the latter may form a more useful vehicle for publication than literate programs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Organic‐Dye‐Coupled Magnetic Nanoparticles Encaged Inside Thermoresponsive PNIPAM Microcapsules
Authors: Guo Jia , Yang Wuli , Deng Yonghui , Wang Changchun , Fu Shoukuan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe present a new approach for the fabrication of thermoresponsive polymer microcapsules with mobile magnetic cores that undergo a volume phase‐transition upon changing the temperature and are collected under an external magnetic field. We have prepared organic/inorganic composite microspheres with a well‐defined core–shell structure that are composed of a crosslinked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) shell and silica cores dotted centrally by magnetite nanoparticles. Since the infiltration of template‐decomposed products is dependent on the permeability of PNIPAM shells triggered by changes of exterior temperature, the silica layer sandwiched between the magnetic core and the PNIPAM shell was quantitatively removed to generate PNIPAM microcapsules with mobile magnetic cores by treatment with aqueous NaOH solution. For development of the desired multifunctional microcapsules, modification of the unetched silica surface interiors can be realized by treatment with a silane coupling agent containing functional groups that can easily bind to catalysts, enzymes, or labeling molecules. Herein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), which is a common organic dye, is attached to the insides of the mobile magnetic cores to give PNIPAM microcapsules with FITC‐labeled magnetic cores. In this system, it can be expected that an extension of the functionalization of the cavity properties of smart polymer microcapsules is to immobilize other target molecules onto the mobile cores in order to introduce other desired functions in the hollow cage.
Ionogel‐Templated Synthesis and Organization of Anisotropic Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Firestone Millicent A. , Dietz Mark L. , Seifert Sönke , Trasobares Susana , Miller Dean J. , Zaluzec Nestor J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPhotochemical reduction of tetrachloroaurate (AuCl4−) ions in the highly constrained aqueous domains of a nanostructured ionogel template, formed via self‐assembly of the ionic liquid 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C10mim+Cl−) in water, results in the formation of anisotropic gold nanoparticles with a variety of sizes and morphologies, which include previously unattainable trigonal prismatic nanorods. Unexpectedly, small‐angle X‐ray scattering studies of the Au–ionogel composite reveal that the in situ formation of the nanoparticles increases the mesoscopic order of the ionogel, which results in its conversion to a near‐monodomain structure. The findings demonstrate that nanostructured, ionic liquid‐based gels can be used to template the formation of new nanoparticle morphologies with technologically important optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. It may also be possible to design soft templates that permit the fabrication of highly ordered nanoparticle array–hydrogel composites, thereby enabling control and tuning of the collective properties of the encapsulated nanoparticles.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage and Phonetic Modifications after Total Thyroidectomy: Surgical Malpractice Only or Predictable Sequence?
Authors: Rosato Lodovico , Carlevato Maria Teresa , De Toma Giorgio , Avenia Nicola 
Published: May 2005

AbstractModifications of phonation occurring after total thyroidectomy (TT) are usually attributed to surgical malpractice, but other causes of voice impairment even in nonoperated subjects should also be taken into account. This study analyzes 208 patients who underwent TT from January 1, 1999 through December 31, 2001. Follow‐up ended on December 31, 2003. Only cases in which the surgeon ruled out the possibility of operative damage to the laryngeal nerves were included. All patients underwent pre‐ and postoperative clinical and instrumental nose and throat examination (NTE). Preoperatively, 86 patients (41%) showed hoarseness or dysphagia: 4 (2%) monoplegia and 12 (6%) hypomobility of the vocal cords due to impaired function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN); 6 (3%) cord hypotonia due to impairment of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN); 34 (16%) dysphagia: and 30 (14%) hoarseness due to other causes. At follow‐up 1 month after surgery, 71 patients (34%) had an onset of previously absent signs and symptoms: 8 (4%) had palsy of one vocal cord (2% permanent); 6 (3%) had cord hypomobility (all temporary); 12 (6%) had cord hypotonia due to disease of the SLN, 4 of which (2%) were permanent; 44 patients (21%) had symptoms due to scarring and adhesions between the laryngotracheal axis and the prethyroid muscles and between these and the skin. One patient (0.5%) had a nodular cord lesion that occurred after 3 months. Overall, more than one‐third of the patients had preoperative voice modifications or swallowing impairment, around one‐third had these problems after TT, and less than one‐third were free of pre‐ and postoperative complications. The surgeon’s care to avoid damage to the anatomica integrity of the of laryngeal nerves does not exclude functional problems of the nerves and of laryngeal dynamics. In fact, such problems could be referred to outcomes linked to the operation itself (hematoma, edema, scarring adhesion) or to events that only temporarily follow surgery but must be considered as an unavoidable sequel (e.g., neuritis, viral neuritis, myopathy). The patient should undergo a careful clinical and instrumental NTE to detect conditions prior to surgery, and the information provided by the surgeons should be thorough to allow the patient to be aware of all possible sequels and consequences.
Diagnostic Value of Measuring Liver Volume for Detecting Occult Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal or Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ishizawa Takeaki , Yamamoto Tetsuhisa , Nishida Koichiro , Tsukui Hajime , Sekikawa Takayoshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSome studies have shown reduced portal blood flow in patients with occult hepatic metastases, which may lead to decreased liver volume. A retrospective study was conducted in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal (n= 63) or gastric (n= 52) cancer. The ratio of the preoperative computed tomography (CT)‐estimated liver volume to the standard liver volume (CV/SV ratio) was calculated. The mean ± SD CT‐estimated liver volume was 858 ±109 in 14 patients who subsequently developed hepatic metastases and 1173 ± 230 ml in 101 patients without metastases (p< 0.0001). The CV/SV ratio was smaller in patients with metachronous hepatic metastases than in those without (0.78 ± 0.08 vs. 1.02 + 0.13;p< 0.0001). The results suggest that the liver with occult metastases decreases in size before metastases develop that are detectable using conventional imaging techniques. The CV/SV ratio may be of value in detecting occult hepatic metastases from colorectal and gastric cancer.
Climatic factors affecting the tree‐ring width of Betula ermanii at the timberline on Mount Norikura, central Japan
Authors: Takahashi Koichi , Tokumitsu Yohei , Yasue Koh 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTree‐ring‐width chronology of Betula ermanii was developed at the timberline (2,400 m a.s.l.) on Mount Norikura in central Japan, and climatic factors affecting the tree‐ring width of B. ermanii were examined. Three monthly climatic data (mean temperature, insolation duration, and sum of precipitation) were used for the analysis. The tree‐ring width of B. ermanii was negatively correlated with the December and January temperatures and with the January precipitation prior to the growth. However, why high temperatures and heavy snow in winter had negative effects on the growth of B. ermanii is unknown. The tree‐ring width was positively correlated with summer temperatures during June–August of the current year. The tree‐ring width was also positively correlated with the insolation duration in July of the current year. In contrast, the tree‐ring width was negatively correlated with summer precipitation during July–September of the current year. However, these negative correlations of summer precipitation do not seem to be independent of temperature and insolation duration, i.e., substantial precipitation reduces the insolation duration and temperature. Therefore, it is suggested that significant insolation duration and high temperature due to less precipitation in summer of the current year increase the radial growth of B. ermanii at the timberline. The results were also compared with those of our previous study conducted at the lower altitudinal limit of B. ermanii (approximately 1,600 m a.s.l.) on Mount Norikura. This study suggests that the climatic factors that increase the radial growth of B. ermanii differ between its upper and lower altitudinal limits.
Assessing hope at the end of life: Validation of an experience of hope scale in advanced cancer patients
Authors: NEKOLAICHUK CHERYL L. , BRUERA EDUARDO 
Published: May 2005

Objective:The purpose of this study was to gather validity evidence for an innovative experience of hope scale, theHope Differential-Short (HDS), and evaluate its clinical utility for assessing hope in advanced cancer patients.Methods:A consecutive sampling approach was used to recruit 96 patients from an inpatient tertiary palliative care unit and three hospice settings. Each participant completed an in-person survey interview, consisting of the following measures: HDS (nine items), Herth Hope Index (HHI), hope visual analog scale (Hope-VAS) and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS).Results:Using factor analytic procedures, a two-factor structure for the HDS was identified, consisting ofauthentic spirit(Factor I) andcomfort(Factor II). The HDS factors had good overall internal consistency (α = 0.83), with Factor I (α = 0.83) being higher than Factor II (α = 0.69). The two factors positively correlated with the HHI, Hope-VAS, and one of the ESAS visual analog scales, well-being (range: 0.38 to 0.64) and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety, as measured by the ESAS (range: −0.25 to −0.42).Significance of results:This is the first validation study of the HDS in advanced cancer patients. Its promising psychometric properties and brief patient-oriented nature provide a solid initial foundation for its future use as a clinical assessment measure in oncology and palliative care. Additional studies are warranted to gather further validity evidence for the HDS before its routine use in clinical practice.
The Norwegian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-N): A
psychometric study
Authors: WAHL ASTRID K. , RUSTØEN TONE , LERDAL ANNERS , HANESTAD BERIT R. , JR. ØISTEIN KNUDSEN , MOUM TORBJØRN 
Published: May 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
psychometric properties of the Herth Hope Index (HHI) in a representative
sample of the Norwegian population.Methods: The HHI-N was administered to 4000 people randomly
selected from the Norwegian population. 1893 questionnaires were usable,
yielding a response rate of 48.5%.Results: The internal consistency of the HHI-N, estimated by
Cronbach's alpha, was 0.81. Factor analysis resulted in a two-factor
solution, which explained 38% of the variance. The correlation between
hope and overall quality of life was 0.48 (p < 0.001), and
between hope and fatigue severity −0.30 (p < 0.001).Significance of results: Further testing, especially with
regard to the dimensionality of the instrument, is recommended.
Hospice staff members' views on conducting end-of-life research
Authors: KIRSH KENNETH L. , WALKER ROBERT , SNIDER SUSAN , WEISENFLUH SHERRI , BROWN GRETCHEN M. , PASSIK STEVEN D. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Hospice staff members have concerns about the appropriateness of enrolling terminally ill people in research studies. These concerns can have profound implications for the advancement of palliative and hospice care as they can impede the empirical investigation of interventions for improving the quality of life of patients with advanced disease. This survey study was designed to examine hospice staff attitudes, beliefs, and values about research with their patients and family members.Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional, anonymous survey design to measure hospice staff members' beliefs, attitudes, and values. The survey contained questions derived by hospice and palliative care experts from their experience and review of the literature. It was handed out at staff meetings and returned via mail. The survey contained 14 questions and was able to be completed in less than 5 min.Results: A total of 225 participants (56.25% response rate) completed the survey and were included in the data analysis. Hospice staff members were largely supportive about the idea of conducting research with patients and family members (mean agreement of 4.08–4.44 on several perception items about research on a 1–5 scale). They also acknowledged a mixture of being protective of controlling access to patients (52% wanted to be the ones to approach patients) and not having enough time for research (59% either had no time or would be willing to spend no more than 10 min on research).Significance of results: Although many of the opinions derived from the survey appear to indicate a willingness to embrace research in a hospice setting, significant barriers, especially time constraints and protective attitudes, remain. Educational efforts and firsthand involvement in the research process might be a useful first step in attempting to address these barriers and traditionally held beliefs against using hospice patients and families in research.
Care planning for pressure ulcers in hospice: The team effect
Authors: EISENBERGER ANDREW , ZELEZNIK JOMARIE 
Published: May 2005

Objective: The standards of care for patients at risk for or with a pressure ulcer in hospitals and nursing homes focus on prevention and ulcer healing using an interdisciplinary approach. Although not a primary hospice condition, pressure ulcers are not uncommon in dying patients. Their management in hospices, particularly the involvement of family caregivers, has not been studied. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence care planning for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in hospice patients and develop a taxonomy to use for further study.Methods: A telephone survey was conducted with 18 hospice directors of clinical services and 10 direct-care nurses. Descriptive qualitative data analysis using grounded theory was utilized.Results: The following three themes were identified: (1) the primary role of the hospice nurse is an educator rather than a wound care provider; (2) hospice providers perceive the barriers and burdens of family caregiver involvement in pressure ulcer care to be bodily location of the pressure ulcer, unpleasant wound characteristics, fear of causing pain, guilt, and having to acknowledge the dying process when a new pressure ulcer develops; and (3) the “team effect” describes the collaboration between family caregivers and the health care providers to establish individualized achievable goals of care ranging from pressure ulcer prevention to acceptance of a pressure ulcer and symptom palliation.Significance of results: Pressure ulcer care planning is a model of collaborative decision making between family caregivers and hospice providers for a condition that occurs as a secondary condition in hospice. A pressure ulcer places significant burdens on family caregivers distinct from common end-of-life symptoms whose treatment is directed at the patient. Because the goals of pressure ulcer care appear to be individualized for a dying patient and their caregivers, the basis of quality-of-care evaluations should be the process of care rather than the outcome of an incident pressure ulcer.
The effect of the chemical composition of maize plant lignin on the digestibility of maize stalk in the rumen of cattle
Authors: Cymbaluk Nadia F. , Gordon A. J. , Neudoerffer T. S. 
Published: May 2005

1. Digestibility of maize stalk from Troyer Reid (Tr) maize and its isogenic mutant (bm1) was studied by suspending nylon bags containing ground tissue in the rumen of a fistulated steer. The animal was given a grass hay–concentrate (5:3) diet or a maize silage–grass hay–concentrate (4:1:3) diet.2. The digestibility of the organic matter of the mutant maize stalk was greater than that of the normal maize stalk.3. Adaptation of the rumen to maize silage increased the organic-matter digestibility of the maize stalk.4. Lignin content was determined by two methods, namely organic matter insoluble in 72% sulphuric acid (method of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 1960) (AOAC-lignin) and the organic matter lost from the ligno-cellulose complex (represented by acid-detergent fibre) by oxidation with potassium permanganate. The AOAC-lignin concentration was twice the permanganate-lignin concentration, but the amount of lignin estimated by both methods showed a significant negative relation to organic-matter digestibility. The AOAC-lignin concentration was greater in Tr than in bm1 maize but the permanganate-lignin concentration in Tr was slightly lower than in bm1.5. There was an irregular relationship between the amount of lignin extractable with dimethylformamide (DMF) and digestibility of organic matter due to the solution of some of the DMF-lignin during digestion. The loss of lignin was greater from the mutant maize stalk tissue than from the parent maize stalk tissue.6. The chemical composition of DMF-lignin determined by analysis showed a significant correlation between the syringealdehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin concentrations, and digestibility of organic matter.7. Higher concentrations of both phenolic aldehydes and acids were found in the less digestible Tr material than in the bm1 stalk tissue.
Rate of passage of digesta in sheep
Authors: Grovum W. L , Williams V. J 
Published: May 2005

1. Sheep given 400 and 1200 g lucerne chaff/d in equal hourly meals were infused continuously with the complex51Cr EDTA into the rumen for 5 d and then slaughtered. The retention times of51Cr EDTA along the small intestine and the apparent quantities of water absorbed in the small and large intestines were calculated.2. The apparent quantities of water absorbed for the 400 and 1200 g food intakes were 5844 and 13110 ml/d in the small intestine and 2101 and 8520 ml/d in the large intestine respectively.3. The mean total retention times of51Cr EDTA in the small intestine were 136 and 91 min for the sheep given 400 and 1200 g/d respectively. The marker was retained up to seventeen times longer in the ileal than in the duodenal or proximal jejunal segments.