bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsed laser interference patterning of transition‐metal carbides for stable alkaline water electrolysis kinetics
Authors: Oh Yewon , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Min Ahreum , Moon Cheol Joo , Yu Yiseul , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigated the role of metal atomization and solvent decomposition into reductive species and carbon clusters in the phase formation of transition‐metal carbides (TMCs; namely, Co3C, Fe3C, TiC, and MoC) by pulsed laser ablation of Co, Fe, Ti, and Mo metals in acetone. The interaction between carbon s–p‐orbitals and metal d‐orbitals causes a redistribution of valence structure through charge transfer, leading to the formation of surface defects as observed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These defects influence the evolved TMCs, making them effective for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in an alkaline medium. Co3C with more oxygen affinity promoted CoO(OH) intermediates, and the electrochemical surface oxidation to Co3O4 was captured via in situ/operando electrochemical Raman probes, increasing the number of active sites for OER activity. MoC with more d‐vacancies exhibits strong hydrogen binding, promoting HER kinetics, whereas Fe3C and TiC with more defect states to trap charge carriers may hinder both OER and HER activities. The results show that the assembled membrane‐less electrolyzer with Co3C∥Co3C and MoC∥MoC electrodes requires ~2.01 and 1.99 V, respectively, to deliver a 10 mA cm−2 with excellent electrochemical and structural stability. In addition, the ascertained pulsed laser synthesis mechanism and unit‐cell packing relations will open up sustainable pathways for obtaining highly stable electrocatalysts for electrolyzers.
Atroposelective Chan–Evans–Lam Amination
Authors: Thönnißen Vinzenz , Westphäling Johannes , Atodiresei Iuliana L. , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe synthetic control of atropoisomerism along C−N bonds is a major challenge, and methods that allow C−N atroposelective bond formation are rare. This is a problem because each atropoisomer can feature starkly differentiated biological properties. Yet, among the three most practical and applicable classical amination methods available: 1) the Cu‐catalyzed Ullmann–Goldberg reaction, 2) the Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig reaction, and 3) the Cu‐catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam reaction, none has truly been rendered atroposelective at the newly formed C−N bond. The first ever Chan–Evans–Lam atroposelective amination is herein described with a simple copper catalyst and newly designed PyrOx chiral ligand. This method should find important applications in asymmetric synthesis, in particular for medicinal chemistry.
Synthesis and Properties of Ag‐Au Alloy Nanoparticles with Controlled Composition for Computed Tomography Imaging Applications
Authors: Linh Nguyen Thi Ngoc , Tam Le The , Du Nguyen Hoa , Vinh Nguyen Dinh , Tuyet Phan Thi Hong , Quy Bui Minh , An Cao Thu , Suong Nguyen Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi Hong , Lu Le Trong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNumerous non‐invasive assays have been developed to support CT imaging, consequently increasing the precision of diagnosis. Although these efforts made a significant contribution to clinical research, there is still more to be done. The goal is to replace conventional contrast agents with more potent ones. In this study, Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were fabricated by substitution method between the precursor Au3+ and the previously prepared Ag nanoparticles. Effects of Au3+ quantity on the formation and characteristics of Ag−Au alloy nanoparticles were investigated. It showed that Ag−Au nanoalloy with a size of 14.2±1.0 nm, SPR absorption peak at 520 nm, and Ag: Au atomic ratio of approximately 3 : 1 were appropriate for biomedical applications. After phase transfer using poly (maleic anhydride‐alt‐1‐octadecene) (PMAO), the nano Ag−Au solution owned remarkable durability, stability and non‐toxicity Vero healthy cell line at high test concentration. In‐vitro CT imaging demonstrated a good X‐ray adsorption coefficient, and the hounsfield units (HU) was noticeably increased. As a promising CT contrast agent, the X‐ray attenuation of nano Ag−Au solutions correlated linearly with concentrations. These findings led to a potential application in the biomedical field, particularly in computed tomography (CT) imaging diagnosis.
Methyl Red Adsorption on Biochar Obtained by Physical Activation of Caraway Seeds with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Paluch Dorota , Bazan‐Wozniak Aleksandra , Pietrzak Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study carbon adsorbents were produced from caraway (Carum carvi L.) seeds, through direct and physical activation by carbon dioxide. The resulting biochar adsorbents were analyzed using low‐temperature nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms and Boehm titration. Furthermore, the acid‐base properties of the biochar samples obtained were examined, and the pH of their aqueous extracts was determined. The obtained adsorbents had a specific surface area ranging between 10 to 70 m2/g. Resulting carbon materials exhibited a predominance of basic groups on their surfaces. The sorption capacities of methyl red for the samples varied from 3 to 20 mg/g. Conducted adsorption studies determined, that the adsorption kinetics of the dye on biochar materials followed a pseudo‐second order model and the adsorption process was best described by the Freundlich isotherm, indicating the development of a multi‐layer adsorbate on their surfaces. The effectiveness of adsorption in aqueous solutions of methyl red increased with the rise in process temperature. Moreover, the adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic based on thermodynamic investigations.
Coupling of CO2 Electrolysis with Parallel and Semi‐Automated Biopolymer Synthesis – Ex‐Cell and without Downstream Processing
Authors: Dinges Ida , Depentori Ina , Gans Lisa , Holtmann Dirk , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Stöckl Markus 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImportant improvements have been achieved in developing the coupling of electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate with its subsequent microbial conversion to polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by Cupriavidus necator. The CO2 based formate electrosynthesis was optimised by electrolysis parameter adjustment and application of Sn based gas diffusion electrodes reaching almost 80 % Faradaic efficiency at 150 mA cm−2. Thereby, catholyte with the high formate concentration of 441±9 mmol L−1 was generated as feedstock without intermediate downstream processing for semi‐automated formate feeding into a fed‐batch reactor system. Moreover, microbial formate conversion to PHB was studied further, optimised, and successfully scaled from shake flasks to semi‐automated bioreactors. Therein, a PHB per formate ratio of 16.5±4.0 mg g−1 and a PHB synthesis rate of 8.4±2.1 mg L−1 OD−1 h−1 were achieved. By this process combination, an almost doubled overall process yield of 22.3±5.5 % was achieved compared to previous reports. The findings allow a detailed evaluation of the overall CO2 to PHB conversion, providing the basis for potential technical exploitation.
Deadline‐cost aware task scheduling algorithm in fog computing networks
Authors: Sultan Hajam Shahid 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) has provided us with various applications that need processing in real‐time. Fog computing has arisen as a highly effective computing paradigm that provides services closer to the IoT devices and hence fulfills the need for rapid response time and delay requirements of IoT applications. However, the heterogeneity of IoT tasks and the limited resources of fog nodes pose considerable challenges to task scheduling. Therefore, the effective utilization of fog resources is highly significant and necessitates an optimal and intelligent approach to task scheduling. This paper presents the “deadline‐cost aware task scheduling” (DCaTS) algorithm, which is designed for fog‐based IoT applications. The primary objective of this algorithm is to minimize the monetary cost while taking into account the deadline requirements and priority of tasks. The efficacy of DCaTS is assessed by analyzing various parameters, including completion time, monetary cost, response time, and waiting time. The experimental results show that in comparison with traditional policies, the proposed algorithm shows superiority in all the parameters. The proposed algorithm reduces the monetary cost up to 11.07% compared with the second best result. The results also indicate that DCaTS achieves a reduction of 10.05% in completion time, 10% in response time, and 10.12% in waiting time compared with the second best result.
Thinking flexibly about who digital mental health interventions are for and how they should be evaluated and used: Commentary on McClure et al. (2023)
Authors: Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLess than 20% of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) ever receive treatment. Digital interventions offer one solution to this problem and have demonstrated promise, but there is a need to understand predictors, moderators, and mediators of response, which McClure and colleagues aimed to do in their systematic review. Yet their review also raised key definitional and measurement issues pertinent to conducting research on digital interventions for EDs and other mental health problems, which may have impacted the conclusions drawn and which may stem from applying what has “always been done” in research on more traditional psychological interventions to research on digital interventions. This commentary suggests that digital interventions for EDs and other mental health problems should not be conceived as a 1:1 replacement for individual psychotherapy, and rather, these interventions should be viewed as one option in a wide‐ranging menu of services that should be available, as the reality is that not all individuals want or can access the same type of care. If we accept that digital interventions need not be viewed as a 1:1 replacement for psychotherapy, then it logically follows that we should not evaluate or use these two approaches in the exact same manner.
Consumption of ultra‐processed foods could influence the metabolic syndrome odds: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mehrabani Sanaz , Shoaei Niloofar , Shateri Zainab , Askarpour Moein , Nouri Mehran , Keshani Parisa , Honarvar Behnam , Homayounfar Reza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence has augmented globally during recent decades. Over the past years, the consumption of ultra‐processed foods (UPFs) has grown significantly worldwide. So, the present research investigated the association between UPFs and MetS in an Iranian sample. This cross‐sectional research was conducted on people (n = 8841) in the Fasa cohort study, Fars province, Iran. The participants' dietary consumption over a year, UPF consumption, and MetS diagnosis were evaluated through a 125‐item modified food frequency questionnaire, the NOVA food group classification, and the Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program, respectively. The association between the quartiles (Q) of UPF intake and the odds of MetS was estimated using the backward LR method of multivariate analysis. In the multivariate model, after adjusting potential confounders, the association between UPF intake and the odds of MetS was significant (Q4: odds ratio (OR = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.76–3.89). Also, the odds of increasing triglycerides (TG), blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) and decreasing high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were significantly higher in the last quartile compared to the first quartile of UPFs (TG: OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.49–1.97, blood pressure: OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.30–1.79, FBS: OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10–1.54, and HDL‐C: OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.08–1.39). The current research found a relationship between UPF intake and MetS and its components, indicating a diet‐containing UPFs can be related to the occurrence of noncommunicable diseases.
Malignant carotid body tumors: What we know, what we do, and what we need to achieve. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Lancini Davide , Tomasoni Michele , Zafereo Mark , Poorten Vincent Vander , Hanna Ehab , Mäkitie Antti A. , Fernandez‐Alvarez Veronica , Kowalski Luiz P. , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMalignant carotid body tumors (MCBT) are rare and diagnosed after detection of nodal or distant metastases. This systematic review (SR) focuses on MCBT initially approached by surgery. Preferred Reporting Items for SR and Meta‐Analysis (MA) guided the articles search from 2000 to 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Among 3548 papers, 132 (337 patients) were considered for SR; of these, 20 (158 patients) for MA. Malignancy rate was 7.3%, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) mutation 17%, age at diagnosis between 4th and 6th decades, with a higher prevalence of females. MCBTs were mostly Shamblin III, with nodal and distant metastasis in 79.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Malignancy should be suspected if CBT >4 cm, Shamblin III, painful or otherwise symptomatic, at the extremes of age, bilateral, with multifocal disease, and SDHx mutations. Levels II–III clearance should be performed to exclude nodal metastases and adjuvant treatments considered on a case‐by‐case basis.
Non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 antibody inhibits tumor growth by depleting Tregs and has synergistic effects with anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy
Authors: Peng Yujia , Fu Yuyin , Liu Hong , Zhao Shengyan , Deng Han , Jiang Xiaohua , Lai Qinhuai , Lu Ying , Guo Cuiyu , Zhang Guangbing , Luo Yong , Wang Yuxi , Gou Lantu , Yang Jinliang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCD25, also known as the interleukin‐2 receptor α chain (IL‐2Rα), is highly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs), but relatively lower on effector T cells (Teffs). This makes it a potential target for Treg depletion, which can be used in tumor immunotherapy. However, marketed anti‐CD25 antibodies (Basiliximab and Daclizumab) were originally developed as immunosuppressive drugs to prevent graft rejection, because these antibodies can block IL‐2 binding to CD25 on Teffs, which in turn destroys the function of Teffs. Recent studies have shown that non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 antibodies have displayed exciting antitumor effects. Here, we screened out a non‐IL‐2‐blocking anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7B7 by hybridoma technology, and confirmed its antitumor activity via depleting Tregs in a CD25 humanized mouse model. Subsequently, we verified that the humanized 7B7, named as h7B7‐15S, has comparable activities to 7B7, and that its Treg depletion is further increased when combined with anti‐CTLA‐4, leading to enhanced remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment. Moreover, our findings reveal that the Fab form of h7B7‐15S has the ability to deplete Tregs, independent of the Fc region. Taken together, our studies expand the application of anti‐CD25 in tumor immunotherapy and provide insight into the underlying mechanism.
Effects of different irrigation amounts and biochar application on soil physical and mechanical properties in the short term
Authors: Zhang Chuan , Zhou Junan , Yan Haofang , Akhlaq Muhammad , Ni Yuxin , Xue Run , Li Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBiochar application, as a kind of soil amendment, significantly influences soil physical and mechanical properties. This study revealed the effects of biochar application on the physical and mechanical properties of a clay‐type soil at different irrigation levels. Soil was treated with three levels of biochar application: B0 (0 t ha⁻¹), B1 (25 t ha⁻¹) and B2 (50 t ha⁻¹), and three levels of irrigation: T0 (1.2 pan evaporation Ep), T1 (1.0 Ep) and T2 (0.8 Ep). The results indicated that other treatments reduced the soil bulk density compared with the control treatment (CK) (B0T1). Compared to CK, the highest reduction in soil bulk density was 18%. Irrigation did not improve the soil bulk density and porosity at the same biochar application in the short term. Biochar enhanced the stability of the soil aggregates. Compared to CK, the largest MWD (mean weight diameter) was enhanced by 9%. The addition of biochar and decreasing irrigation could decrease soil cohesion. The addition of biochar and increasing irrigation could increase the soil internal friction angle. The soil cohesion first increased and then decreased as the soil water content increased. According to the fitting formula, the soil cohesion was found to be minimum at B2T2, which was a decrease of 39% compared to B0T1. At the same irrigation level, the soil internal friction angle decreased with increasing soil water content. Soil penetration resistance showed a decreasing trend with the application of biochar. The more irrigation there is, the larger the soil penetration resistance.
Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022
Authors: Zheng Lili , Zheng Liyuan , Chen Shuangfeng , Liu Wenhui , Qi Jieyu , Li Ke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV‐related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.32%–66.40%), where high risk (HR)‐HPV and low risk (LR)‐HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%–44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%–71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR‐HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR‐HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR‐HPV was HPV26. The most common LR‐HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43 (6.37%). The 9 v HPV vaccine preventable for LR‐HPV and HR‐HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV‐positive patients aged 1–86 were in the 30–39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR‐HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.
The trilemma of food production, clean energy, and water: COP27 perspective of global economy
Authors: Zhou Zhiyun , Liao Haoling , Li Hua , Gu Xiao , Ageli Mohammed Moosa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFood production is an essential component of global society, providing sustenance to the world's growing population. Countries export food to leverage their comparative advantages in agricultural production, satisfy the demands of international markets, and generate economic benefits. Additionally, food exports contribute to global food supply chains, which ensures the availability of food in places with limited production due to resource limits, climate conditions, or seasonal variations. As a reaction to these challenges, there has been a rise in the number of efforts made to promote food systems that are sustainable and resilient, to enhance food security. In recent years, green technologies have become increasingly crucial to the food production industry as they offer ways to minimize agriculture's environmental impact, encourage sustainable practices, and create high‐quality food. This study examines the impact of access to green technologies for cooking, CO2 emissions, arable land, and water productivity (WP) on global food production from 1990 to 2022. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, academia and researchers regarding sustainable agricultural practices, trade development, and environmental conservation. Using advanced parametric approaches, the results show that access to clean technology for cooking, gross domestic product, and the availability of arable land positively affect food exports. On the other hand, WP demonstrates a negative influence on food exports. This highlights the requirement for environmentally responsible methods of water management.
DFT investigation on detonation properties and sensitivities of bridged triazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazine based energetic materials
Authors: Shengnan Yao , Shaochuan Bai , Xinghui Jin , Jianhua Zhou , Bingcheng Hu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA series of bridged triazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazine based energetic materials were optimized at B3LYP/6‐311G(d, p) level of density functional theory (DFT), and their detonation properties and sensitivities were calculated. The results show that the NN bridge/N3 group were beneficial to improve values of heats of formation while NN bridge/C(NO2)3 group can improve detonation properties remarkably. In view of the sensitivities, compound F2 possesses the minimum values of impact sensitivity which reveals that NHNH bridge/C(NO2)3 group will decrease the stability of the designed compounds. Take both of detonation properties and sensitivities into consideration, compounds C8, E7, E8, F8 were screened as candidates of potential energetic materials since these compounds possess similar detonation properties and sensitivities values to those of RDX. All the calculated results were except to shine lights on the design and synthesis of novel high energy density materials.
The minimal chemical tree for the difference between geometric–arithmetic and Randić indices
Authors: Mondal Sourav , Das Kinkar Chandra , Huh Da‐yeon 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTopological indices are numerical parameters derived from the structural information of chemical compounds. By providing a quantitative description of molecular structures, topological indices enable researchers to predict various properties and behaviors of molecules. The Randić index () and the geometric–arithmetic index () are widely recognized topological indices. It is observed that, for any given graph . We aim to investigate the gap between and for chemical tree. The complete characterization of minimal chemical tree for is carried out here. This article offers an interesting finding that, whereas and provide same minimal chemical trees, yields minimal tree structures that are totally different from and . Moreover is observed to correlate well with physico‐chemical properties of octanes.
Adaptive fixed‐time control for nonlinear systems subject to mismatched uncertainties and external disturbance: An ESO‐based strategy
Authors: Yang Junyi , Li Zhichen , Yan Huaicheng , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the tracking problem is concerned for a class of nonlinear system. The primary objective is to achieve fixed‐time control performance in the presence of nonvanishing mismatched uncertainties and nonparametric external disturbance. Firstly, in order to estimate disturbance, a fixed‐time extended state observer with fractional power term is developed, the order of which is reduced to alleviate peaking value phenomenon. By reasonably switching among different estimation patterns, both transient and steady‐state performances are balanced. Secondly, by means of fuzzy logic system theory, an ESO‐based adaptive fuzzy control strategy with time‐varying gains is presented, and thus the mismatched nonlinearities are approximated, and the external disturbance is compensated in real time simultaneously. Moreover, by constructing a mixed barrier and quadratic type of Lyapunov function, the fixed‐time stability analysis is put forward for tracking error dynamics based on backstepping methodology. Finally, the advantages and effectiveness are illustrated by a numerical example on wheeled mobile robot. The main characteristic of this paper is to integrate ESO methodology into fuzzy control architecture in fixed‐time sense. As a consequence, not only the output tracking purpose, but also desirable transient performance can be achieved.