bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of Bcl‐2 family proteins differs between nonsmall cell lung carcinoma subtypes
Authors: Berrieman Helen K. , Smith Laura , O'Kane Sara L. , Campbell Anne , Lind Michael J. , Cawkwell Lynn 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDProteins of the Bcl‐2 family play a key role in the control of apoptosis and carry out both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic functions. However, with the exception of Bcl‐2 itself, little is known about the expression of these potentially critical proteins in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of Bcl‐2 and 6 other Bcl‐2 family proteins in a pilot series of 41 archival nonsmall cell lung carcinoma specimens (19 adenocarcinomas and 22 squamous cell carcinomas).RESULTSOverexpression of the apoptosis inhibitors Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐XL was observed in 10 of 41 samples (24%) and in 11 of 41 samples (27%), respectively. Loss of expression of proapoptotic proteins was observed as follows: Bak, 24 of 41 samples (59%); Bad, 21 of 41 samples (51%); Bid, 20 of 41 samples (49%); Bax, 14 of 41 samples (34%); and Bim/Bod, 2 of 41 samples (5%). Statistically significant differences in expression between adenocarcinoma samples and squamous cell carcinoma samples were observed for Bcl‐XL (overexpression in 11 of 19 adenocarcinomas [58%] vs. 0 of 22 squamous cell carcinomas [0%]; P < 0.001) and for Bad (loss of expression in 5 of 19 adenocarcinomas [26%] vs. 16 of 22 squamous cell carcinomas [73%]; P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSAlthough this was only a pilot study, the results revealed significant differences in the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins both between individual samples of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma and between the two main histologic subtypes. Such differences may play a role in the development of lung tumors; and, if it is found that these differences are of clinical importance, then it may be required to regard nonsmall cell lung carcinoma subtypes as separate entities rather than as one disease. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Employment pathways in a large cohort of adult cancer survivors
Authors: Short Pamela Farley , Vasey Joseph J. , Tunceli Kaan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmployment and work‐related disability were investigated in a cohort of adult cancer survivors who were working when they were diagnosed from 1997 to 1999 with a variety of cancers. Employment from the time of diagnosis through the early years of survivorship was studied, self‐reported effects of cancer survival on disability and employment were quantified, and risk factors associated with cancer‐related disability and withdrawal from employment were identified.METHODSOne thousand four hundred thirty‐three cancer survivors were interviewed by telephone from 1 year to nearly 5 years after diagnosis. They were asked retrospectively about employment from the time of diagnosis to follow‐up and about work‐related disability at follow‐up. They also were asked whether disabilities or reasons for quitting work were cancer‐related. Return to work and quitting work were projected over time in a life‐table analysis. Risk factors were identified from logit analyses.RESULTSOne of five survivors reported cancer‐related disabilities at follow‐up. Half of those with disabilities were working. A projected 13% of all survivors had quit working for cancer‐related reasons within 4 years of diagnosis. More than half of survivors quit working after the first year, when three‐quarters of those who stopped for treatment returned to work. Survivors of central nervous system, head and neck, and Stage IV blood and lymph malignancies had the highest adjusted risk of disability or quitting work.CONCLUSIONSCancer survival sometimes has long‐term effects on employment and the ability to work. Employment outcomes can be improved with innovations in treatment and with clinical and supportive services aimed at better management of symptoms, rehabilitation, and accommodation of disabilities. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative changes in calretinin immunostaining in the cochlear nuclei after unilateral cochlear removal in young ferrets
Authors: Fuentes‐Santamaria Verónica , Alvarado Juan Carlos , Taylor Anna R. , Brunso‐Bechtold Judy K. , Henkel Craig K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNeurons of the cochlear nuclei receive axosomatic endings from primary afferent fibers from the cochlea and have projections that diverge to form parallel ascending auditory pathways. These cells are characterized by neurochemical phenotypes such as levels of calretinin. To test whether or not early deafferentation results in changes in calretinin immunostaining in the cochlear nucleus, unilateral cochlear ablations were performed in ferrets soon after hearing onset (postnatal day [P]30–P40). Two months later, changes in calretinin immunostaining as well as cell size, volume, and synaptophysin immunostaining were assessed in the anteroventral (AVCN), posteroventral (PVCN), and dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN). A decrease in calretinin immunostaining was evident ipsilaterally within the AVCN and PVCN but not in the DCN. Further analysis revealed a decrease both in the calretinin‐immunostained neuropil and in the calretinin‐immunostained area within AVCN and PVCN neurons. These declines were accompanied by significant ipsilateral decreases in volume as well as neuron area in the AVCN and PVCN compared with the contralateral cochlear nucleus and unoperated animals, but not compared with the DCN. In addition, there was a significant contralateral increase in calretinin‐immunostained area within AVCN and PVCN neurons compared with control animals. Finally, a decrease in area of synaptophysin immunostaining in both the ipsilateral AVCN and PVCN without changes in the number of boutons was found. The present data demonstrate that unilateral cochlear ablation leads to 1) decreased immunostaining of the neuropil in the AVCN and PVCN ipsilaterally, 2) decreased calretinin immunostaining within AVCN and PVCN neurons ipsilaterally, 3) synaptogenesis in the AVCN and PVCN ipsilaterally, and 4) increased calretinin immunostaining within AVCN and PVCN neurons contralaterally. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:458–475, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hodological characterization of the septum in anuran amphibians: II. Efferent connections
Authors: Endepols Heike , Roden Katja , Walkowiak Wolfgang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe efferent connections of the septum of the gray treefrog Hyla versicolor were studied by combining anterograde and retrograde tracing with biotin ethylendiamine (Neurobiotin). The lateral septal complex projects mainly to the medial pallium, limbic regions (e.g., amygdala and nucleus accumbens), and hypothalamic areas but also to sensory nuclei in the diencephalon and midbrain. The central septal complex strongly innervates the medial pallium, limbic, and hypothalamic areas but also specific sensory (including olfactory) regions. The medial septal complex sends major projections to all olfactory nuclei and a weaker projection to the hypothalamus. Our results indicate that all septal nuclei may modify the animal's internal state via efferents to limbic and hypothalamic areas. Via projections to the medial pallium, lateral and central septal complexes may be involved in learning processes as well. Because of their connections to specific sensory areas, all septal areas are in a position to influence sensory processing. Furthermore, our data suggest that both the postolfactory eminence and the bed nucleus of the pallial commissure are not part of the septal complex, rather, the postolfactory eminence seems to be comparable to the mammalian primary olfactory cortex, whereas the bed nucleus may be analogous to the mammalian subfornical organ. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:437–457, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance engineering in data Grids
Authors: Laure Erwin , Stockinger Heinz , Stockinger Kurt 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe vision of Grid computing is to facilitate worldwide resource sharing among distributed collaborations. With the help of numerous national and international Grid projects, this vision is becoming reality and Grid systems are attracting an ever increasing user base. However, Grids are still quite complex software systems whose efficient use is a difficult and error‐prone task. In this paper we present performance engineering techniques that aim to facilitate an efficient use of Grid systems, in particular systems that deal with the management of large‐scale data sets in the tera‐ and petabyte range (also referred to as data Grids). These techniques are applicable at different layers of a Grid architecture and we discuss the tools required at each of these layers to implement them. Having discussed important performance engineering techniques, we investigate how major Grid projects deal with performance issues particularly related to data Grids and how they implement the techniques presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self adaptivity in Grid computing
Authors: Vadhiyar Sathish S. , Dongarra Jack J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOptimizing a given software system to exploit the features of the underlying system has been an area of research for many years. Recently, a number of self‐adapting software systems have been designed and developed for various computing environments. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a software system that dynamically adjusts the parallelism of applications executing on computational Grids in accordance with the changing load characteristics of the underlying resources. The migration framework implemented by our software system is aimed at performance‐oriented Grid systems and implements tightly coupled policies for both suspension and migration of executing applications. The suspension and migration policies consider both the load changes on systems as well as the remaining execution times of the applications thereby taking into account both system load and application characteristics. The main goal of our migration framework is to improve the response times for individual applications. We also present some results that demonstrate the usefulness of our migration framework. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of performance engineering techniques in the context of the Grid
Authors: Hey A. J. G. , Papay J. , Surridge M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPerformance engineering can be described as a collection of techniques and methodologies whose aim is to provide reliable prediction, measurement and validation of the performance of applications on a variety of computing platforms. This paper reviews techniques for performance estimation and performance engineering developed at the University of Southampton and presents application case studies in task scheduling for engineering meta‐applications, and capacity engineering for a financial transaction processing system. These show that it is important to describe performance in terms of a resource model, and that the choice of models may have to trade accuracy for utility in addressing the operational issues. We then present work from the on‐going EU funded Grid project GRIA, and show how lessons learned from the earlier work have been applied to support a viable business model for Grid service delivery to a specified quality of service level. The key in this case is to accept the limitations of performance estimation methods, and design business models that take these limitations into account rather than attempting to provide hard guarantees over performance. We conclude by identifying some of the key lessons learned in the course of our work over many years and suggest possible directions for future investigations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed computing in practice: the Condor experience
Authors: Thain Douglas , Tannenbaum Todd , Livny Miron 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSince 1984, the Condor project has enabled ordinary users to do extraordinary computing. Today, the project continues to explore the social and technical problems of cooperative computing on scales ranging from the desktop to the world‐wide computational Grid. In this paper, we provide the history and philosophy of the Condor project and describe how it has interacted with other projects and evolved along with the field of distributed computing. We outline the core components of the Condor system and describe how the technology of computing must correspond to social structures. Throughout, we reflect on the lessons of experience and chart the course travelled by research ideas as they grow into production systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The design and implementation of Grid database services in OGSA‐DAI
Authors: Antonioletti Mario , Atkinson Malcolm , Baxter Rob , Borley Andrew , Chue Hong Neil P. , Collins Brian , Hardman Neil , Hume Alastair C. , Knox Alan , Jackson Mike , Krause Amy , Laws Simon , Magowan James , Paton Norman W. , Pearson Dave , Sugden Tom , Watson Paul , Westhead Martin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractInitially, Grid technologies were principally associated with supercomputer centres and large‐scale scientific applications in physics and astronomy. They are now increasingly seen as being relevant to many areas of e‐Science and e‐Business. The emergence of the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA), to complement the ongoing activity on Web Services standards, promises to provide a service‐based platform that can meet the needs of both business and scientific applications. Early Grid applications focused principally on the storage, replication and movement of file‐based data. Now the need for the full integration of database technologies with Grid middleware is widely recognized. Not only do many Grid applications already use databases for managing metadata, but increasingly many are associated with large databases of domain‐specific information (e.g. biological or astronomical data). This paper describes the design and implementation of OGSA‐DAI, a service‐based architecture for database access over the Grid. The approach involves the design of Grid Data Services that allow consumers to discover the properties of structured data stores and to access their contents. The initial focus has been on support for access to Relational and XML data, but the overall architecture has been designed to be extensible to accommodate different storage paradigms. The paper describes and motivates the design decisions that have been taken, and illustrates how the approach supports a range of application scenarios. The OGSA‐DAI software is freely available fromhttp://www.ogsadai.org.uk. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperlog—A flexible log‐like transform for negative, zero, and positive valued data
Authors: Bagwell C. Bruce 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe remarkable success of cytometry over the past 30 years is largely due to its uncanny ability to display populations that vastly differ in numbers and fluorescence intensities on one scale. The log transform implemented in hardware as a log amplifier or in software normalizes signals or channels so that these populations appear as clearly discernible peaks. With the advent of multiple fluorescence cytometry, spectral crossover compensation of these signals has been necessary to properly interpret the data. Unfortunately, because compensation is a subtractive process, it can produce negative and zero valued data. The log transform is undefined for these values and, as a result, forces computer algorithms to truncate these values, creating a few problems for cytometrists. Data truncation biases displays making properly compensated data appear undercompensated; thus, enticing many operators to overcompensate their data. Also, events truncated into the first histogram channel are not normally visible with typical two‐dimensional graphic displays, thus hiding a large number of events and obscuring the true proportionality of negative distributions. In addition, the log transform creates unequal binning that can dramatically distort negative population distributions.Methods and ResultsThe HyperLog transform is a log‐like transform that admits negative, zero, and positive values. The transform is a hybrid type of transform specifically designed for compensated data. One of its parameters allows it to smoothly transition from a logarithmic to linear type of transform that is ideal for compensated data.ConclusionsThe HyperLog transform is easily implemented in computer systems and results in display systems that present compensated data in an unbiased manner. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative sequential chemotherapy in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Faivre Sandrine , Marti Adina , Rixe Olivier , Janot François , Julieron Morbize , Gatineau Michel , Temam Stéphane , Armand Jean‐Pierre , Domenge Christian , Luboinski Bernard , Raymond Eric 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground.Induction chemotherapy may contribute to decreased local and distant recurrences in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) resectable for cure.Methods.Patients with previously untreated locally advanced stage III–IV (N0–2, M0) SCCHN received a dose‐dense sequential regimen combining cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil followed by bleomycin/methotrexate/hydroxyurea. Induction chemotherapy was followed by locoregional surgery and/or radiation therapy.Results.Among 37 patients, 23 (62%) had T4 primary tumors. Grade 3 to 4 asymptomatic hematologic toxicity occurred in less than 15% of patients. Nonhematologic toxicities were limited to grade 1 to 2 in less than 20% of patients. In the overall cohort (intent‐to‐treat; n = 35), 24 (68.5%) of 35 patients had objective clinical responses, including nine complete responses (25.7%). Fifty‐seven percent of patients were free of disease at 2.5 years.Conclusions.Sequential induction chemotherapy is feasible and active in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancers and may further include recent compounds such as taxanes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Prospective validation of the Martínez‐Gimeno Clinicopathologic Scoring System (MGSS) for evaluating risk of cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Martínez‐Gimeno Carlos , Molinero Antonio Perera , Castro Victoria , Sastre Maria Julia Muñoz , Castro Emilio Espejo , Aguirre‐Jaime Armando 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground.The prediction of neck metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma is an unresolved issue. The Martínez‐Gimeno Scoring System (MGSS) is an index designed as a predictive aid that may be implemented after analysis of the tumor resection.Methods.A double‐blind cohort study was designed and carried out in a tertiary hospital. Seventy‐nine consecutive patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity requiring local resection and neck dissections were included. After tumor resection, the MGSS was applied, and patients were then classified into one of four groups on the basis of the MGSS score: group I, 7 to 12 points; group II, 13 to 16 points; group III, 17 to 20 points; and group IV, 21 to 30 points. After this, pathologic analysis of the neck specimen was performed to detect metastasis. The results, histopathologic analysis of the neck specimens, and previously tabulated MGSS scores were then compared, and on the basis of their results an estimation of the predictive validity of MGSS of neck metastases was obtained. A correlational analysis was performed, comparing metastases to a set of predictive factors, including the MGSS score. A logistic binary regression model that used metastases as the dependent variable was adjusted in an attempt to estimate odd ratios for these factors.Results.Twenty‐six cases displayed metastases. The metastatic nodes measured from 0.5 to 7 cm and were smaller than 1.5 cm in 46% of the cases. The rates of metastases in the four groups were as follows: group 1, 0%; group II, 21%; group III, 50%; and group IV, 67%. MGSS had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98% to 100%) for predicting metastases from oral squamous cell carcinoma, a specificity of 55% (95% CI, 44% to 66%), an overall efficiency of 73% (95% CI, 63% to 83%), a positive predictive value of 59% (95% CI, 48% to 70%), and a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 98% to 100%). The correlation between various predictive factors and the presence of metastases showed a value of r = .87 (p = .001) with the MGSS score. No correlation was found between the MGSS score and the size of the metastatic lymph node. In the logistic regression model, the MGSS score displayed an odds ratio of 3.5 (95% CI, 1.9–6.3; p = .00001) for the presence of metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Conclusion.The MGSS is a useful index for the prediction of neck node metastases that is applied at the start of the analysis of the tumor resection in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Dynamic MR lymphangiography and carbon dye for sentinel lymph node detection: A solution for sentinel lymph node biopsy in mucosal head and neck cancer
Authors: Nason Richard W. , Torchia Mark G. , Morales Carmen M. , Thliveris James 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBackground.The practical application of sentinel lymph node biopsy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is restricted by the time sensitivity of blue dye and lack of spatial resolution and nonspecific node enhancement with radiocolloid. This study evaluates the use of magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography and carbon dye labeling to circumvent these limitations.Methods.Gadomer/carbon dye mixture was injected into the tongue and stifle of adult swine (n = 4). MR lymphatic mapping was followed by intraoperative mapping with isosulfan blue dye. Sentinel lymph node biopsy and completion node dissection were performed 60 minutes after injection in four nodal basins and at 7 days after injection in eight.Results.The technique was successful in all 12 nodal basins. The sentinel lymph nodes were stained black at the time of the immediate and delayed dissections.Conclusions.MR lymphangiography provides temporal and anatomic localization of the sentinel lymph node with a single investigation. Carbon dye is a sensitive and persistent visual marker of MRI‐targeted sentinel lymph nodes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Prolactin inhibits apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells induced by serum starvation or cisplatin treatment
Authors: Asai‐Sato Mikiko , Nagashima Yoji , Miyagi Etsuko , Sato Ken , Ohta Ichiro , Vonderhaar Barbara K. , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractProlactin, a peptide hormone essential for the development and function of reproductive organs, is involved in development of breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. However, the role of prolactin on the carcinogenesis of ovarian carcinomas is unclear. In this study, we show that mRNA of prolactin receptor is expressed in 5 out of 9 ovarian carcinoma cell lines, 15 out of 17 cases of surgical samples and all of normal ovarian surface epithelium, while prolactin transcript is detected only in 1 ovarian carcinoma cell line and in 1 of the surgical samples. For the prolactin receptor‐positive ovarian carcinoma cells, exogenous prolactin did not affect the proliferation but markedly inhibited apoptosis. Therefore, actual cell growth was enhanced by prolactin in a dose‐dependent manner. The blocking of prolactin receptor by antibody severely impaired the antiapoptotic and growth‐promoting effects of prolactin. Interestingly, the cisplatin‐induced cell death of the prolactin receptor‐positive cells was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with prolactin. These findings indicate a responsiveness of ovarian carcinomas to prolactin and suggest that the prolactin/prolactin receptor system may be a new therapeutic target of ovarian carcinomas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.