bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oti-Ier Cestode Intections I-Iymenolepiosis, Diphyllobothriosis, Coenurosis, And Other Adult And Larval Cestodes
Authors: Lloyd Sheelagh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines a number of cestodes in diverse orders. Two of them are common in man, the other sporadic. Hymenolepis (Vampirolepis) nana is the only cestode that has a direct life cycle, both metacestodes and adults develop in the same host. As a result, direct human-human transfer is the most important route of infection and infection is common in man. The exact contribution to human infection by rodent hosts, and by the optional indirect life cycle through arthropods in food, has not been determined.
Zoonotic Infections With Filarial Nematodes
Authors: Denham D A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lymphatic filariosis occurs widely in the wet tropics and subtropics, affecting some 200 000 000 people. In its chronic form the disease causes elephantiasis of the limbs and scrotum and hydrocoel. The disease is caused by two filarial nematodes, Wuchereha bancrofti and Brugia malayi. The large majority of cases are due to W bancrofti which is strictly limited to humans and has no zoonotic reservoir. Brugia malayi exists in two forms, one of which is a zoonosis in Malaysia and Indonesia. Transmission of the zoonotic form is usually through mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia. Control is extremely difficult because the main zoonotic reservoir is the leaf-eating monkey, Presbytis spp. This animal is usually a protected species and lives in very close association with man.
Infestation By Fleas
Authors: Beesley W N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are perhaps 3000 species and subspecies of fleas, belonging to about 200 genera in 15 families, but fortunately very few are of medical or veterinary importance. Some 95 per cent of all species feed on mammals, the others attacking birds and even lizards. Fleas irritate the host when they take their blood feeds and they may stimulate serious hypersensitivity reactions, but their prime importance is in the transmission of various diseases to man and animals. Medically, the key species are Xenopsylla cheopis, which transmits plague and murine typhus, Ctenocephalides spp., the dog and cat fleas, which may transmit certain tapeworms to man, and the sand flea or chigoe, Tunga penetrans, which buries itself in the skin of the toe or foot, causing boil-like lesions.
The Myiases
Authors: Beesley W N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The larvae of some 50 species of Diptera can produce myiasis in man. Most species are of little medical importance, but several can be responsible for serious lesions. Damage is usually caused to the skin, which may or may not need to have been damaged in some way in order to facilitate the entry of the first-instar larvae. Myiasis may also affect the eyes, ears, nose, urogenital tract or, rarely, the alimentary canal.
Eurekas and euphorias
Authors: Gratzer Walter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The march of science has never proceeded smoothly. It has been marked through the years by episodes of drama and comedy, of failure as well as triumph, and by outrageous strokes of luck, deserved and undeserved, and sometimes by human tragedy. It has seen deep intellectual friendships, as well as ferocious animosities, and once in a while acts of theft and malice, deceit, and even a hoax or two. Scientists come in all shapes - the obsessive and the dilettantish, the genial, the envious, the preternaturally brilliant and the slow-witted who sometimes see further in the end, the open-minded and the intolerant, recluses and arrivistes. From the death of Archimedes at the hands of an irritated Roman soldier to the concoction of a superconducting witches' brew at the very close of the twentieth century, the stories in Eurekas and Euphorias pour out, told with wit and relish by Walter Gratzer. Open this book at random and you may chance on the clumsy chemist who breaks a thermometer in a reaction vat and finds mercury to be the catalyst that starts the modern dyestuff industry; or a famous physicist dissolving his gold Nobel Prize medal in acid to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Nazis, recovering it when the war ends; mathematicians and physicists diverting themselves in prison cells, and even in a madhouse, by creating startling advances in their subject. We witness the careers, sometimes tragic, sometimes carefree, of the great women mathematicians, from Hypatia of Alexandria to Sophie Germain in France and Sonia Kovalevskaya in Russia and Sweden, and then Marie Curie's relentless battle with the French Academy. Here, then, a glorious parade unfolds to delight the reader, with stories to astonish, to instruct, and most especially, to entertain.
Literature in the Roman World
Authors: Taplin Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our present appreciation of Greek and Roman literature should be informed and influenced by consideration of what it was originally appreciated for. The past, for all its alienness, affects and changes the present.' The focus of this book - its new perspective - is on the 'receivers' of literature: readers, spectators, and audiences. Six contributors, drawn from both sides of the Atlantic, explore the various and changing interactions between the makers of literature and their audiences or readers from the beginning of the Roman empire to the end of the classical era. The contributors deploy fresh insights to map out lively and provocative, yet accessible, surveys. They cover the kinds of literature which have shaped western culture - epic, lyric, tragedy, comedy, history, philosophy, rhetoric, epigram, elegy, pastoral, satire, biography, epistle, declamation, and panegyric. Who were the audiences, and why did they regard their literature as so important?
The Pharmacology of Sacred Plants, Herbs, and Roots
Authors: Scarborough John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Greek botany produced the landmark Inquiry into Plantsby Theophrastus of Eresus (c. 370-288 B.c.), and this work stands as one of the most remarkable documents of the Peripatetic school. Along with his Causes of Plants, Theophrastus’ Inquiry set a pattern followed in Western botany until the invention of a sexual parts nomenclature by Linnaeus in the eighteenth century. Yet, although morphology dominates Theophrastus’ Inquiry, one finds at the end of the tract an account of herbal lore, the first such work on herbal pharmacy to survive in Greek. The Inquirywas set down by about 300 B.c.
Intended Consequences
Authors: Critchlow Donald T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After World War II, U.S. policy experts--convinced that unchecked population growth threatened global disaster--successfully lobbied bipartisan policy-makers in Washington to initiate federally-funded family planning. In Intended Consequences, Donald T. Critchlow deftly chronicles how the government's involvement in contraception and abortion evolved into one of the most bitter, partisan controversies in American political history. The growth of the feminist movement in the late 1960s fundamentally altered the debate over the federal family planning movement, shifting its focus from population control directed by established interests in the philanthropic community to highly polarized pro-abortion and anti-abortion groups mobilized at the grass-roots level. And when the Supreme Court granted women the Constitutional right to legal abortion in 1973, what began as a bi-partisan, quiet revolution during the administrations of Kennedy and Johnson exploded into a contentious argument over sexuality, welfare, the role of women, and the breakdown of traditional family values. Intended Consequences encompasses over four decades of political history, examining everything from the aftermath of the Republican "moral revolution" during the Reagan and Bush years to the current culture wars concerning unwed motherhood, homosexuality, and the further protection of women's abortion rights. Critchlow's carefully balanced appraisal of federal birth control and abortion policy reveals that despite the controversy, the family planning movement has indeed accomplished much in the way of its intended goal--the reduction of population growth in many parts of the world. Written with authority, fresh insight, and impeccable research, Intended Consequences skillfully unfolds the history of how the federal government found its way into the private bedrooms of the American family.
The Development of the Quantum Mechanical Electron Theory of Metals, 1926-1933
Authors: Hoddeson Lillian , Baym Gordon , Eckert Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The electron theory of metals underwent dramatic development between the turn of the twentieth century, when Paul Drude and H. A. Lorentz first proposed a freeelectron theory ofmetals,1 and 1933, when Arnold Sommerfeld and Hans Bethe published a monumental review in the Handbuch der Physik.2 From crude classical conceptions, the field had reached a point where physicists could undertake realistic calculations of some of the chief properties of particular solids.
Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
Authors: Keith Stephen T , Quedec Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atomic Physics and Magnetic Properties From Atomic Physics to the Physics of Solids: The Examples of Van Vleck and Stoner The Technological Dimension Reunion sur le Magnetisme: Strasbourg, May 1939 The War and Its Aftermath By the 1930s, the exploitation of the magnetic characteristics of materials formed a key element in some of the most significant modern technologies, including power generation and transmission and the growing industry of telecommunication.
Academic, Proletarian, Professional? Shaping Professionalization for German Industrial Chemists, 1887-1920
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The situation of the employed chemists had not improved in the course of time. The leading positions in the factories and laboratories were mostly occupied by young people, making the advance of the new generation correspondingly difficult, and it was all but impossible to enter the ranks of the city and state administrators.The professionof chemist was not yet recognized .
Municipal Responses
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The social movement for the homeless has lobbied for assistance at every level of government, but in practice, it is cities that deliver most of the benefits and services. The federal and state governments normally fund part of this aid. Yet by the time the homeless actually get assistance, the money has generally been handed down to the local government, which may, or may not, add its own tax revenues. If a municipality relies entirely on the non profit sector, or spends no money from other governmental sources, then services to the homeless will follow broad state guidelines. These guidelines tighten considerably, however, when there is state and federal funding. Under these circumstances, the city still administers the program, but it does so more accountably, with the other funding sources looking over its shoulder.
New York City: Wealth, Poverty, and Homeless Families
Authors: Blau Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘The transformation of New York’s economy affected families as well as individuals. To create a favorable business environment, the city government granted tax abatements for major real estate projects and tried to restrict increases in municipal salaries. Tightening its grip on welfare spending, it used the discretionary part of the municipal budget for business development instead of social programs. The effect of these policies rippled throughout the city, bringing about both an economic renaissance and a decline in municipal services. The economic renaissance greatly enriched the leaders of the business community and spread some new wealth among the professional classes. At the same time, however, it made life among poor families that much tougher.
Acoustic Microscopy
Authors: Briggs G A D , Hoppe M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principle of the scanning acoustic microscope is becoming increasingly well known (Lemons and Quate, 1979; Briggs, 1985). For any wave motion, the wave-length is equal to the wave speed divided by the frequency. Thus by increasing the frequency sufficiently the wavelength can be made as small as you like. The speed of sound in water is approximately 1500 ms - 1, or in more convenient units for microscopy 1.5 µ,m ns-1. This means that, with a frequency of 2 GHz, the wave-length is 0.75 µ,m, or roughly the wavelength of red light. If a lens with a large numerical aperture and free from serious aberrations can be used, a microscope can have a resolution slightly better than the wavelength. Thus there is a possibility of an acoustic microscope with a resolution approaching that of a light optical microscope (LOM); the reader is referred to Chapter 1 for a discussion of the LOM.
Her Share Of The Blessings
Authors: Kraemer Ross Shepard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this ground-breaking interdisciplinary study, Ross Kraemer considers the full spectrum of women’s religious experience in the Graeco-Roman world. Examining the scriptural, literary, and archaeological evidence for the beliefs and practices of pagan, Jewish, and Christian women, Kraemer attempts to discover the relationship between these women’s religious behaviour and the rest of their lives. She presents and analyses a bewildering diversity of activities, and finds consistent correlations between the religious behaviour of women and the constraints under which they live in an androcentric society. She goes on to argue that the religious experiences of women are importantly different from those of men, and that these differences are vital to a fuller understanding of the universal human phenomenon of religion.
Heresy as Women’s Religion: Women’s Religion as Heresy
Authors: Kraemer Ross Shepard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Jerome, at least, the connections between women and heresy were already established in 2 Timothy’ and are amply manifested in a long list of historical instances: It was with the help of the harlot Helena that Simon Magus founded his sect. Bands of women accompanied Nicolas of Antioch that deviser of all uncleanness. Marcion sent a woman before him to Rome to prepare men’s minds to fall into his snares. Apelles possessed in Philumena an associate in his false doc-trines. Montanus, that mouthpiece of an unclean spirit, used two rich and highborn ladies Prisca and Maximilla first to bribe and then to pervert many churches. Leaving ancient history, I will pass to times nearer to our own. Arius intent on leading the world astray began by misleading the Emperor’s sister. The resources of Lucilla helped Donatus to defile with his polluting baptism many unhappy persons throughout Africa. In Spain, the blind woman Agape led the blind man Elpidius into the ditch. He was followed by Priscillian, an enthusiastic votary of Zoroaster and a magician before he became a bishop.
Conjuring Culture
Authors: Smith Theophus H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book provides a sophisticated new interdisciplinary interpretation of the formulation and evolution of African American religion and culture. Theophus Smith argues for the central importance of “conjure”—a magical means of transforming reality—in black spirituality and culture. Smith shows that the Bible, the sacred text of Western civilization, has in fact functioned as a magical formulary for African Americans. Going back to slave religion, and continuing in black folk practice and literature to the present day, the Bible has provided African Americans with ritual prescriptions for prophetically re-envisioning, and thereby transforming, their history and culture. In effect the Bible is a “conjure book” for prescribing cures and curses, and for invoking extraordinary and Divine powers to effect changes in the conditions of human existence—and to bring about justice and freedom. Biblical themes, symbols, and figures like Moses, the Exodus, the Promised Land, and the Suffering Servant, as deployed by African Americans, have crucially formed and reformed not only black culture, but American society as a whole. Smith examines not only the religious and political uses of conjure, but its influence on black aesthetics, in music, drama, folklore, and literature. The concept of conjure, he shows, is at the heart of an indigenous and still vital spirituality, with exciting implications for reconfiguring the next generation of black studies and black theology. Even more braodly, Smith proposes, “conjuring culture” can function as a new paradigm for understanding Western religious and cultural phenomena generally.
Somewhere I Have Never Travelled
Authors: Vannortwick Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Professor Van Nortwick explores the ways in which the authors of the Gilgamesh epic, the Iliad, and the Aeneid use the relationship between the male hero and his ‘second self,’ or alter ego, objectified in one or more characters in the story, to explore the psychological, or spiritual, evolution of the hero.
The Bonded Electrical Resistance Strain Gage
Authors: Murray William M , Miller William R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Experimental stress analysis is an important tool in the overall design and development of machinery and structures. While analytical techniques and computer solutions are available during the design stage, the results are still dependent on many assumptions that must be made in order to adapt them to the problems at hand. One popular method of finding structural and design weaknesses is through the use of the electrical resistance strain gage. These devices are relatively low in cost, easily applied by a reasonably skilled technician, and require little investment in instrumentation (for the general user), yet they yield a wealth of information in a relatively short time period. The information and its validity is, of course, dependent on the training and knowledge of the engineer who plans the tests and reduces the data. In addition to serving as a reference for engineers, this practical, instructive book has a high potential as a textbook for senior and first-year graduate students in engineering and related fields, such as engineering physics and geology.
Mircea Eliade’s Vision For A New Humanism
Authors: Cave David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Much has been written on Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) and his work on the history of religions, but little attention has been given to Eliade’s idea of a ‘new humanism’ for modern culture. Yet this vision, as David Cave argues in this detailed analysis, was the motivating impulse behind much of Eliade’s life and work as a scholar of religion and as a writer.
By the Grace of Guile
Authors: Rue Loyal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this ambitious, interdisciplinary work, Loyal D. Rue reassesses the value of deception in nature, and in human society, asserting that myths are essential to the health, and even survival, of a culture as a whole. Advancing his theory of the Noble Lie, he maintains that we urgently require a new myth to replace the religious beliefs rejected by the modern mind. Such a Lie, Rue believes, offers our only salvation from the psychological and social chaos now threatened by the spread of scepticism about the meaning of the universe and life. Rue holds our deeply ingrained western bias against deception up to rigorous examination, comparing it to what he calls the natural bias in favour of deception. Evolution rewards the successful deceiver, he maintains, and cites examples from the natural world and from psychological research indicating that strategies of deception and self-deception are essential to our personal well-being.
Fundamental Aspects of Combustion
Authors: Linan Amable , Williams Forman A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book presents scientific aspects of combustion from a fundamental viewpoint. It is unique because it addresses scientifically literate readers who have not specialized in combustion. Central topics of the science, notably diffusion flames, deflagrations, detonations, flammability, explosions, and turbulent combustion, are covered from an up-to-date perspective. In addition, there are discussions of the history of the subject and projections for future developments. Current topics of combustion research may be found in this volume, as well as introductions to the modern methods being used to attack these.
The Letters as Introduction
Authors: Rorem Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book interprets the works that for centuries were falsely attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite, the Athenian who was converted to Christianity by St. Paul, according to Acts 17. They were actually written some five hundred years later, although we do not know precisely when or where. If the classics of mysticism are said to have “neither birthday nor native land”1 in that they transcend such details, the phrase is literally descriptive of our ignorance about the Dionysian corpus. We do not know its birthday, its native land, or its author. The personal identity of the writer is still a mystery, and he is known only and awkwardly as Pseudo-Dionysius, or Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite. The Greek name Dionysios and the Latin Dionysius can be translated into English as Dennis; the French also call him Denis or Denys, and the Italians say Dionigi. We could, therefore, name this unknown author “the false Dennis,” but an accepted, slightly negative convention names him Pseudo-Dionysius. This book will usually refer to him as Dionysius. The contents of the Dionysian corpus are not as well known as are its titles: The Divine Names, The Mystical Theology, The Celestial Hierarchy, The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy, and the Letters. The major task of this commentary is to present the contents of the corpus, both in their details and as a whole. These writings are also known to have exerted an important influence on a wide range of topics, although here, too, the details need exposition.
Mhd Instabilities In Heliotrons
Authors: Wakatani Masahiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stability studies with the MHD model have progressed significantly since the 1950s, when magnetic confinement research began. For tokamaks, it is considered that MHD stability theory was almost completed by the development of ballooning mode theory in the latter half of the 1970s. MHD studies for stellarators also began in the 1950s. However, progress was slow because it was not easy to obtain three-dimensional MHD equilibrium of finite-beta plasma. For toroidal stellarator MHD equilibrium, there are two problems as discussed in chapter 4: the existence of nested magnetic surfaces, and the viability of currentless equilibrium. Regarding the first point, the existence of general three-dimensional equilibrium has been disproved. However, since the existence of equilibrium in the straight stellarator configuration is guaranteed by the helical symmetry, we often study the equilibrium assuming that nested magnetic surfaces would exist if the toroidal effects were sufficiently small. In other words, it is accepted in practice that the magnetic surfaces exist when no magnetic islands or no stochastic magnetic field line regions appear in the calculation of the vacuum magnetic surfaces by line tracing.
The Particle Orbit In Heliotrons
Authors: Wakatani Masahiro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to realize a continuously working fusion reactor, high-energy charged particles produced by fusion reactions must be confined to heat a background fuel plasma. In particular, the confinement of alpha particles generated by fusion reactions between deuterons and tritons is a crucial problem for a first-generation fusion reactor. After the alpha particles of 3.5 MeV slow down up to the fuel plasma temperature of several IO keV, they become alpha ash. However, it is not necessary to confine all alpha particles. The confined alpha ash is harmful, since fuel ions are diluted by the increase of thermalized alpha particles. It is considered that the alpha particle density should be kept below I 0% of the total ions in a fusion reactor using deuterium and tritium fuels.