bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Incremental Remapping Transport Scheme on a Spherical Geodesic Grid
Authors: Lipscomb William H. , Ringler Todd D. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Weather and climate models contain equations for transporting conserved quantities such as the mass of air, water, ice, and associated tracers. Ideally, the numerical schemes used to solve these equations should be conservative, spatially accurate, and monotonicity-preserving. One such scheme is incremental remapping, previously developed for transport on quadrilateral grids. Here the incremental remapping scheme is reformulated for a spherical geodesic grid whose cells are hexagons and pentagons. The scheme is tested in a shallow-water model with both uniform and varying velocity fields. Solutions for standard shallow-water test cases 1, 2, and 5 are obtained with a centered scheme, a flux-corrected transport (FCT) scheme, and the remapping scheme. The three schemes are about equally accurate for transport of the height field. For tracer transport, remapping is far superior to the centered scheme, which produces large overshoots, and is generally smoother and more accurate than FCT. Remapping has a high startup cost associated with geometry calculations but is nearly twice as fast as FCT for each added tracer. As a result, remapping is cheaper than FCT for transport of more than about seven tracers.
Academic Glossolalia? Pentecostal Scholarship, Multi-Disciplinarity, and the Science-Religion Conversation
Authors: Yong Amos 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAs more and more Pentecostal institutions of higher education are being transformed from liberal arts colleges to universities, an increasing number of degrees in the social and natural sciences are being offered. At the same time, Pentecostals working and teaching in science and religion departments have not been engaged in the science-and-religion conversation in any measurable way. This essay attempts to chart the prospects for such an engagement by way of entering into dialogue from a Pentecostal perspective with three recent publications. Throughout, the importance and necessity for Pentecostal presence in the science-and-religion discussion is emphasized, especially with an eye toward revitalizing Pentecostal education, scholarship, and praxis for life in the twenty-first century.
Soluble CD30 serum levels before and after treatment with α-interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Di Cesare Enrico , Spadaro Aldo , Ajello Antonino , Ferraù Oscar , Alessi Nunziata , Luigiano Carmelo , Melluso Rossana , Freni Maria A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that soluble CD30 (sCD30) serum levels in chronic hepatitis C are correlated with the activity of the disease and with the outcome of interferon (IFN) treatment. In this study, sCD30 serum levels in 25 patients with chronic hepatitis C, before and after treatment with IFN-2α, were measured. A total of 20 healthy subjects were used as controls. High sCD30 levels in serum were found in 36% of patients and in 5% of controls. In patients with sCD30 levels above or within the normal range, no significant differences in age, gender, serum transaminases and histology activity index were found. In relation to IFN treatment, only responder patients had serum sCD30 higher than controls, although the difference between responders and non-responders was not significant. No changes from baseline values were observed after treatment. Although high, sCD30 serum levels in chronic hepatitis C are not correlated with the disease activity, are not affected by IFN treatment and are not predictors of response to IFN treatment.
Reference materials (RMs) for analysis of the human factor II (prothrombin) gene G20210A mutation
Authors: Klein Christoph L. , Márki-Zay János , Corbisier Philippe , Gancberg David , Cooper Susan , Gemmati Donato , Halbmayer Walter-Michael , Kitchen Steve , Melegh Béla , Neumaier Michael , Oldenburg Johannes , Leibundgut Elisabeth Oppliger , Reitsma Pieter H. , Rieger Sandra , Schimmel Heinz G. , Spannagl Michael , Tordai Attilia , Tosetto Alberto , Visvikis Sophie , Zadro Renata , Mannhalter Christine 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Scientific Committee of Molecular Biology Techniques (C-MBT) in Clinical Chemistry of the IFCC has initiated a joint project in co-operation with the European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements to develop and produce plasmid-type reference materials (RMs) for the analysis of the human prothrombin gene G20210A mutation. Although DNA tests have a high impact on clinical decision-making and the number of tests performed in diagnostic laboratories is high, issues of quality and quality assurance exist, and currently only a few RMs for clinical genetic testing are available. A gene fragment chosen was produced that spans all primer annealing sites published to date. Both the wild-type and mutant alleles of this gene fragment were cloned into a pUC18 plasmid and two plasmid RMs were produced. In addition, a mixture of both plasmids was produced to mimic the heterozygous genotype. The present study describes the performance of these reference materials in a commutability study, in which they were tested by nine different methods in 13 expert laboratories. This series of plasmid RMs are, to the best of our knowledge, the first plasmid-type clinical genetic RMs introduced worldwide.
Induction of Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Insulin-Secreting Cells by Fetal Soluble Factors
Authors: Vaca Pilar , Martín Franz , Vegara-Meseguer Josefina M. , Rovira Juan M. , Berná Genoveva , Soria Bernat 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Cell signals produced during pancreas embryogenesis regulate pancreatic differentiation. We show that the developing pancreas releases soluble factors responsible for in vitro endocrine pancreatic differentiation from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). A mouse D3 ESC line was transfected with a human insulin promoter/βgeo/phosphoglycerate kinase–hygromycin-resistant construct. To direct differentiation, cells were cultured for 7 days to form embryoid bodies and then plated for an additional 7 days. During this 14-day period, besides eliminating leukemia inhibitory factor, cells were cultured in low serum concentration with the addition of conditioned media from embryonic day–16.5 pancreatic buds. Islet cell differentiation was studied by the following: (a) X-gal staining after neomycin selection, (b) BrdU (bro-modeoxyuridine) studies, (c) simple and double immunohistochemistry for insulin, C-peptide, and glucose transporter 2 (Glut-2), (d) reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction for insulin and pancreas duodenum homeobox 1 (PDX-1), (e) insulin and C-peptide content and secretion assays, (f) intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, (g) electrophysiology (patch-clamp studies in inside-out configuration), and (h) transplantation of differentiated cells under the kidney capsule of streptozotocin-diabetic mice. The differentiated ESCs showed the following: changes in the mRNA levels of insulin and PDX-1; coexpression of insulin, C-peptide, and Glut-2; glucose and tolbutamide-dependent insulin and C-peptide release; K-channel activity regulated by ATP; and normalization of blood glucose levels after transplantation into diabetic mice and hyperglycemia after graft removal. In this study, we establish a battery of techniques that could be used together to properly characterize islet cell differentiation. Moreover, identification of factors released by the developing pancreas may be instrumental in engineering β cells from stem cells.
Auriculo‐condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds
Authors: Storm Andrea L. , Johnson Jason M. , Lammer Edward , Green Glenn E. , Cunniff Christopher 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe report on 20 individuals in 4 kindreds with auriculo‐condylar syndrome (ACS), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital auricular clefts, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities, micrognathia, microstomia, and a round facial appearance with prominent cheeks. Affected individuals have varying degrees of glossoptosis, respiratory distress, masticatory abnormalities, and malocclusion. Data from these families and those previously described suggest that this is a unique disorder with widely variable expression, including lack of obvious external anomalies in some individuals and severe ear malformations, condyle agenesis, and characteristic facial features in others. Early recognition of this condition should permit appropriate counseling and anticipatory guidance, including evaluation for reconstructive surgery and orthodontia and intervention for upper airway obstruction and sleep apnea. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DiGeorge anomaly in a patient with isochromosome 18p born to a diabetic mother
Authors: DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Medne Livija , Spinner Nancy B. , Zackai Elaine H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe DiGeorge anomaly (DGA) is an etiologically heterogeneous developmental field defect in which cardiovascular malformations, hypocalcemia, thymic hypoplasia, and characteristic dysmorphisms are major clinical features. The 22q11.2 deletion is the most common single etiology of DGA, although a number of other chromosomal abnormalities and teratogens, including maternal diabetes, have been implicated as well. We present a patient, born to a diabetic mother, with interrupted aortic arch type B (IAA‐B), neonatal hypocalcemia, thymic hypoplasia, and dysmorphic features including microcephaly, thick, overfolded helices, and anteriorly‐placed anus. Cytogenetic studies showed the presence of a marker chromosome, identified by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) as an isochromosome 18p [i(18p)]. We did not detect a 22q11.2 deletion by FISH using a cosmid probe corresponding to locus D22S75. The patient is the first example of either DGA or IAA‐B in a patient with i(18p). We review the genetic abnormalities associated with DGA, and discuss the potential contributions of maternal diabetes and i(18p) in our patient. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the articular cavity in the rat temporomandibular joint with special reference to the behavior of endothelial cells and macrophages
Authors: Suzuki Akiko , Nozawa‐Inoue Kayoko , Ikeda Nobuyuki , Amizuka Norio , Ono Kazuhiro , Takagi Ritsuo , Maeda Takeyasu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractPrevious developmental studies on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have proposed several hypotheses on the formation of its articular cavity. However, detailed information is meager. The present study examined the formation process of the articular cavity in the rat TMJ by immunocytochemistry for CD31, RECA‐1, and ED1, which are useful cellular markers for endothelial cells and monocyte/macrophage lineages, respectively. The upper articular cavity formation had begun by embryonic day 21 (E21) and was completed at postnatal day 1 (P1) in advance of the lower cavitation; the latter took place from P1 to P3. The occurrence and distribution pattern of the CD31‐, RECA‐1‐, and ED1‐positive cells differed between the upper and lower articular cavity‐forming areas: the ED1‐positive cells exclusively occurred in the area of the prospective upper articular cavity prior to its formation, while no ED1‐positive cell appeared in the lower cavity‐forming area. In contrast, the CD31‐ and RECA‐1‐positive endothelial cells were restricted to the lower cavity‐forming area (never the prospective upper cavity) at E19 and diminished thereafter. Throughout the cavity formation, we failed to find any apoptotic cells in the cavity formation area, indicating no involvement of apoptosis in the cavity formation in TMJ. The present findings on the behaviors of endothelial cells and ED1‐positive cells show a possibility of different mechanism in the cavity formation between the upper and lower articular cavities in the rat TMJ. The appearance of ED1‐reactive cells and temporal vascularization may play crucial roles in the upper and lower articular cavity formation, respectively. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of enzyme‐aided pressing on anthocyanin yield and profiles in bilberry and blackcurrant juices
Authors: Buchert Johanna , Koponen Jani M , Suutarinen Marjaana , Mustranta Annikka , Lille Martina , Törrönen Riitta , Poutanen Kaisa 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) and blackcurrants (Ribes nigrum) were treated with extensive dosages of commercial cell wall degrading enzyme preparations, i.e. Econase CE, Pectinex Ultra SP‐L, Pectinex Smash, Pectinex BE 3‐L and Biopectinase CCM. The enzymes were dosed based on the polygalacturonase activity. The juice yield was improved in both berries as a result of the enzymatic treatment. The improvement was more pronounced with blackcurrants owing to their thicker cell walls. The impact of the enzymatic treatment on anthocyanins present in the juices was investigated using HPLC‐DAD. The enzyme preparations affected the contents and composition of anthocyanins in the juices. Pectinex Ultra SP‐L, Pectinex Smash, Pectinex BE 3‐L and Biopectinase CCM increased the total content of anthocyanins by 13–41% in the bilberry juices and by 18–29% in the blackcurrant juices. Econase CE, however, produced a dramatic decrease in the total anthocyanin content in the bilberry juice due to its enzyme profile, whereas no such effect was observed with the blackcurrant juice. All the enzyme mixtures tested produced a total or extensive loss of anthocyanidin galactosides in bilberry juice. Commercial enzyme preparations used in the production of berry juices can improve extraction of anthocyanins into the juice. However, they may effectively hydrolyse certain glycosides and thus affect the profile of extracted anthocyanins. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Postharvest response of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.) to the inhibition of ethylene perception
Authors: Sozzi Gabriel O , Abraján‐Villaseñor Myrna A , Trinchero Gustavo D , Fraschina Adela A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe potential use of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) alone or as a supplement to cold storage to delay the softening of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs (Ficus carica L.) was studied. Figs were treated with 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 5 µl l−1 1‐MCP at 25 °C for 8 h and stored at 20 °C until evaluated. Figs treated with 0.5 or 5 µl l−1 1‐MCP had higher ethylene production and respiration rates but slower softening than untreated fruit and those treated with 0.25 µl l−1 1‐MCP. Early‐harvested firm figs and late‐harvested soft figs were untreated or treated with 0.5 or 5 µl l−1 1‐MCP at 25 °C and stored at 0 °C for 19 days. Firm figs treated with 1‐MCP showed an early peak in ethylene synthesis, higher respiration rate and were firmer than control fruit. In contrast, soft figs did not respond to 1‐MCP except for a late increase in respiration rates of fruit treated with 5 µl l−1 1‐MCP. 1‐MCP appeared to have a relatively limited effect on slowing ripening of ‘Brown Turkey’ figs and its effect was influenced by ripening stage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Field performance and nutritive value of a new forage sorghum variety ‘Pnina’ recently developed in Israel
Authors: Carmi Avner , Umiel Nakdimon , Hagiladi Amir , Yosef Edith , Ben‐Ghedalia Daniel , Miron Joshua 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new forage sorghum entitled Pnina was developed in Israel. Pnina, harvested at early milk (EM) and hard dough (HD) stages of maturity, was compared with commercial sorghum variety FS‐5 and a sorghum BMR/Sudan hybrid Nutriplus. Plants grew during summer and were irrigated with 190 mm water. Pnina was semi‐dwarf (1.35 m height) and absolutely resistant to lodging. The tall varieties FS‐5 and Nutriplus suffered at HD from high lodging. Pnina was more leafy than Nutriplus and FS‐5. The dry matter (DM) content of FS‐5 and Nutriplus were at EM below the level recommended for ensilage and elevated slightly at HD, whereas DM content of Pnina was higher. Crop yields of all varieties at HD were similar and ranged between 13.3 and 14.7 t ha−1 DM. Dry matter losses during ensilage and silage pH were similar in the three varieties at HD. In vitro DM digestibility of HD silages ranged between 62.5 and 67.1%. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was higher in Pnina silages. Yields of digestible silage per hectare, were similar in the three varieties harvested at HD (8.4 to 8.8 t ha−1 DM); however, yield of digestible NDF per hectare was higher in Pnina. Data suggest that the new variety Pnina may have field advantage over the other varieties of this study. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality of dried white salted noodles affected by microbial transglutaminase
Authors: Wu Jianping , Corke Harold 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo examine the potential application of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) in oriental noodle making, the effects of various MTGase addition levels on the rheological, textural and structural properties of noodles were investigated using good quality (‘Red Bicycle’) and poor quality (‘Sandow’) wheat flours. Addition of MTGase at 5–20 g kg−1 levels, but not at 1 g kg−1 level, to the two different wheat flours decreased rapid visco‐analyser (RVA) parameters of hot paste viscosity and final viscosity while increasing breakdown. For fresh white salted noodle dough sheets, the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) increased significantly at 1 g kg−1 MTGase addition for both types of flour, but there was no clear trend with higher levels of MTGase. For dried white salted noodles, textural parameters (tensile force, hardness and gumminess) generally increased, cooking loss was little affected and the yield of the cooked noodle was significantly decreased by MTGase. Color was slightly adversely affected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that physical properties of dry noodles were improved through the formation of cross‐links [ε‐(γ‐glutamyl)lysine] by MTGase. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated control of postharvest diseases of pear fruits using antagonistic yeasts in combination with ammonium molybdate
Authors: Wan Yakun , Tian Shiping 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effect of ammonium molybdate (NH4Mo) as an additive to improve biocontrol efficacy of antagonistic yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis and Trichosporon sp. against blue mold and Alternaria rot of pear fruits caused by Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata, respectively, was evaluated. Biocontrol activity of R. glutinis was enhanced in combination with NH4Mo, whereas the efficacy of Trichosporon sp. was not improved. Combining R. glutinis with 1 mmol l−1 NH4Mo provided a more effective control on P. expansum and A. alternata than applying the yeast or NH4Mo alone. Addition of 1 mmol l−1 NH4Mo significantly affected the growth of R. glutinis and Trichosporon sp. in nutrient yeast dextrose broth medium, but did not affect the growth of R. glutinis and Trichosporon sp. in pear wounds. Thus, it appears that the use of NH4Mo is a useful approach to improve the efficacy of R. glutinis for postharvest disease control. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved Pharmacokinetics Properties for Catalase by Site‐Specific Glycosidation with Aminated Dextran
Authors: Pérez Yunel , Valdivia Aymara , Ramírez Hector L. , Villalonga Reynaldo 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Catalase was chemically modified with an end‐group aminated dextran derivative via a carbodiimide catalyzed reaction. The enzymatic activity of catalase was increased after glycosidation with 4 mol of polymer. This modification improved the pharmacokinetic behavior of catalase, increasing by 7.8‐ and 20‐fold the plasma half‐life times for the α and β phases, and reducing by 176‐fold the total clearance after intravenous administration in rats.Schematic of the catalase dextran conjugate synthesized here.imageSchematic of the catalase dextran conjugate synthesized here.
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as a marker of predisposition and slower progression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Schweitzer Katherine J. , Hilker Rüdiger , Walter Uwe , Burghaus Lothar , Berg Daniela 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIncreased echogenic size (hyperechogenicity) of the substantia nigra (SN) is a characteristic transcranial sonography finding in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The SN echogenic size does not change in the course of the disease. In order to see whether this stable ultrasound marker may give any implications for the rate of PD progression, we sonographically investigated 16 PD patients in whom the rate of progression had been determined by serial 18‐fluorodopa positron emission tomography over a follow‐up period of 65.7 ± 26.7 months. We found a significant negative correlation between the right‐to‐left averaged SN echogenic size and the rate of disease progression in the caudate nucleus and in the putamen. There was a tendency towards a younger age at symptom onset in patients with SN hyperechogenicity. It may therefore be hypothesized that a differing influence of factors determining SN echogenicity early in life and impairing forces occurring later in life may account for different pathogenetic subgroups of idiopathic PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
An assessment of the accuracy of methods for predicting hydrogen positions in protein structures
Authors: Forrest Lucy R. , Honig Barry 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe addition of hydrogen atoms to models or experimental structures of proteins that contain only non‐hydrogen atoms is a common step in crystallographic structure refinement, in theoretical studies of proteins, and in protein structure prediction. Accurate prediction of the hydrogen positions is essential, since they constitute around half of the atoms in proteins and hence contribute significantly to their energetics. Many computational tools exist for predicting hydrogen positions, although to date no quantitative comparison has been made of their accuracy or efficiency. Here we take advantage of the recent increase in ultra‐high‐resolution X‐ray crystal structures (< 0.9 Å resolution), as well as of a number of relatively high‐resolution neutron diffraction structures (< 1.8 Å resolution), to compare the quality of the predictions generated by a large set of commonly used methods. These include CHARMM, CNS, GROMACS, MCCE, MolProbity, WHAT IF, and X‐PLOR. The hydrogen atoms that lack a rotational degree of freedom are mostly, but not always, accurately predicted. For hydrogens with a rotational degree of freedom, all the methods give much less accurate predictions. The predictions for the hydroxyl hydrogens are analyzed in detail, particularly those buried within the protein, and some explanation is provided for the errors observed. The results provide a means to make informed decisions regarding the choice and implementation of methodologies for placing hydrogens on structures of proteins. They also point to shortcomings in current force fields and suggest the need for improved descriptions of hydrogen bonding energetics. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.