bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconducting ternary hydrides: progress and challenges
Authors: Zhao Wendi , Huang Xiaoli , Zhang Zihan , Chen Su , Du Mingyang , Duan Defang , Cui Tian 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Since the discovery of the high-temperature superconductors H3S and LaH10 under high pressure, compressed hydrides have received extensive attention as promising candidates for room-temperature superconductors. As a result of current high-pressure theoretical and experimental studies, it is now known that almost all the binary hydrides with a high superconducting transition temperature (Tc) require extremely high pressure to remain stable, hindering any practical application. In order to further lower the stable pressure and improve superconductivity, researchers have started exploring ternary hydrides and had many achievements in recent years. Here, we discuss recent progress in ternary hydrides, aiming to deepen the understanding of the key factors regulating the structural stability and superconductivity of ternary hydrides, such as structural motifs, bonding features, electronic structures, electron–phonon coupling, etc. Furthermore, the current issues and challenges of superconducting ternary hydrides are presented, together with the prospects and opportunities for future research.
Modularized viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccines (VPNVaxs) to elicit durable and effective humoral immune responses
Authors: Huang Zichao , Zhuang Xinyu , Liu Liping , Zhao Jiayu , Ma Sheng , Si Xinghui , Zhu Zhenyi , Wu Fan , Jin Ningyi , Tian Mingyao , Song Wantong , Chen Xuesi 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines had shown great potential during the COVID-19 pandemic, and was thought to be the next generation of antiviral vaccine technology due to viromimetic structures. However, the time-consuming and complicated processes in establishing a current recombinant-protein–based VLP vaccine has limited its quick launch to the out-bursting pandemic. To simplify and optimize VLP vaccine design, we herein report a kind of viromimetic polymer nanoparticle vaccine (VPNVax), with subunit receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins conjugated to the surface of polyethylene glycol-b-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA) nanoparticles for vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The preparation of VPNVax based on synthetic polymer particle and chemical post-conjugation makes it possible to rapidly replace the antigens and construct matched vaccines at the emergence of different viruses. Using this modular preparation system, we identified that VPNVax with surface protein coverage of 20%–25% had the best immunostimulatory activity, which could keep high levels of specific antibody titers over 5 months and induce virus neutralizing activity when combined with an aluminum adjuvant. Moreover, the polymer nano-vectors could be armed with more immune-adjuvant functions by loading immunostimulant agents or chemical chirality design. This VPNVax platform provides a novel kind of rapidly producing and efficient vaccine against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral pandemics.
Toxoplasma gondii infection and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nayeri Tooran , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Dalimi Asl Abdolhossein , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Sarvi Shahabeddin , Daryani Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in ABO blood groups and assess the relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii and blood groups. A literature search was carried out for epidemiological studies that were published through December 2022. A random effects model was used to determine the OR and the pooled prevalence with a 95% CI. The estimated pooled prevalences of T. gondii infection in the A, B, AB and O blood groups were 38% (95% CI 27 to 48%), 38% (95% CI 29 to 47%), 36% (95% CI 26 to 45%) and 36% (95% CI 27 to 45%), respectively. Also, the pooled ORs of the relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii infection and the A, B, AB and O blood groups were 1.08 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.19), 1.10 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.28), 1.08 (95% CI 0.92 to 1.27) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.00), respectively. This meta-analysis did not show any relationship between the prevalence of T. gondii infection and ABO blood groups.
Lung Ultrasound Score on Postoperative Day 1 Is Predictive of the Occurrence of Pulmonary Complications after Major Abdominal Surgery: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Boussier Jeremy , Lemasle Aymeric , Hantala Nicolas , Scatton Olivier , Vaillant Jean-Christophe , Paye François , Langeron Olivier , Lescot Thomas , Quesnel Christophe , Verdonk Franck , Eyraud Daniel , Sitbon Alexandre , Delorme Louis , Monsel Antoine 
Published: December 2023

Background
Postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery are frequent and carry high morbidity and mortality. Early identification of patients at risk of pulmonary complications by lung ultrasound may allow the implementation of preemptive strategies. The authors hypothesized that lung ultrasound score would be associated with pulmonary postoperative complications. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of lung ultrasound score on postoperative day 1 in predicting pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery. Secondary objectives included the evaluation of other related measures for their potential prediction accuracy.

Methods
A total of 149 patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery were enrolled in a bicenter observational study. Lung ultrasound score was performed before the surgery and on days 1, 4, and 7 after surgery. Pulmonary complications occurring before postoperative day 10 were recorded.

Results
Lung ultrasound score on postoperative day 1 was higher in patients developing pulmonary complications before day 10 (median, 13; interquartile range, 8.25 to 18; vs. median, 10; interquartile range, 6.5 to 12; Mann–Whitney P = 0.002). The area under the curve for predicting postoperative pulmonary complications before day 10 was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.75; P = 0.003). Lung ultrasound score greater than 12 had a sensitivity of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.67), specificity of 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.85), and negative predictive value of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.83). Lung ultrasound score greater than 17 had sensitivity of 0.33 (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.47), specificity of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.98), and positive predictive value of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.93). Anterolateral lung ultrasound score and composite scores using lung ultrasound score and other patient characteristics showed similar predictive accuracies.

Conclusions
An elevated lung ultrasound score on postoperative day 1 is associated with the occurrence of pulmonary complications within the first 10 days after major abdominal surgery.

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Effect of an Individualized Lung Protective Ventilation on Lung Strain and Stress in Children Undergoing Laparoscopy: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Acosta Cecilia M. , Poliotto Sergio , Abrego Diego , Bradley Dolores , de Esteban Santiago , Mir Francisco , Ricci Lila , Natal Marcela , Wallin Mats , Hallbäck Magnus , Sipmann Fernando Suarez , Tusman Gerardo 
Published: December 2023

Background
Exaggerated lung strain and stress could damage lungs in anesthetized children. The authors hypothesized that the association of capnoperitoneum and lung collapse in anesthetized children increases lung strain-stress. Their primary aim was to describe the impact of capnoperitoneum on lung strain-stress and the effects of an individualized protective ventilation during laparoscopic surgery in children.

Methods
The authors performed an observational cohort study in healthy children aged 3 to 7 yr scheduled for laparoscopic surgery in a community hospital. All received standard protective ventilation with 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Children were evaluated before capnoperitoneum, during capnoperitoneum before and after lung recruitment and optimized PEEP (PEEP adjusted to get end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure of 0), and after capnoperitoneum with optimized PEEP. The presence of lung collapse was evaluated by lung ultrasound, positive Air-Test (oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry 96% or less breathing 21% O2 for 5 min), and negative end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure. Lung strain was calculated as tidal volume/end-expiratory lung volume measured by capnodynamics, and lung stress as the end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure.

Results
The authors studied 20 children. Before capnoperitoneum, mean lung strain was 0.20 ± 0.07 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.23), and stress was 5.68 ± 2.83 (95% CI, 4.44 to 6.92) cm H2O. During capnoperitoneum, 18 patients presented lung collapse and strain (0.29 ± 0.13; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.35; P < 0.001) and stress (5.92 ± 3.18; 95% CI, 4.53 to 7.31 cm H2O; P = 0.374) increased compared to before capnoperitoneum. During capnoperitoneum and optimized PEEP, children presenting lung collapse were recruited and optimized PEEP was 8.3 ± 2.2 (95% CI, 7.3 to 9.3) cm H2O. Strain returned to values before capnoperitoneum (0.20 ± 0.07; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.22; P = 0.318), but lung stress increased (7.29 ± 2.67; 95% CI, 6.12 to 8.46 cm H2O; P = 0.020). After capnoperitoneum, strain decreased (0.18 ± 0.04; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.20; P = 0.090), but stress remained higher (7.25 ± 3.01; 95% CI, 5.92 to 8.57 cm H2O; P = 0.024) compared to before capnoperitoneum.

Conclusions
Capnoperitoneum increased lung strain in healthy children undergoing laparoscopy. Lung recruitment and optimized PEEP during capnoperitoneum decreased lung strain but slightly increased lung stress. This little rise in pulmonary stress was maintained within safe, lung-protective, and clinically acceptable limits.

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Renal Function Impairment in Children With Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ríos-Barnés María , Velasco-Arnaiz Eneritz , Fortuny Clàudia , Benavides Marta , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Muga Oihana , Del Valle Rut , Frick Marie Antoinette , Bringué Xavier , Herrero Susana , Vilas Javier , Alonso-Ojembarrena Almudena , Castells-Vilella Laura , Rojo Pablo , Blázquez-Gamero Daniel , Esteva Cristina , Sánchez Emilia , Alarcón Ana , Noguera-Julian Antoni ,   on behalf of the Spanish Registry of Infants with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Published: December 2023

Background:
We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of glomerular and tubular renal dysfunction by means of urinalysis in infants and toddlers with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) and their association with cCMV disease, viruria and antiviral treatment.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was done using the Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. First-morning urine samples were collected from January 2016 to December 2018 from patients <5 years old enrolled in Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection. Samples were excluded in case of fever or other signs or symptoms consistent with acute infection, bacteriuria or bacterial growth in urine culture. Urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios, urinary beta-2-microglobulin levels, hematuria and CMV viruria were determined. A 0.4 cutoff in the urinary albumin/protein ratio was used to define tubular (<0.4) or glomerular (>0.4) proteinuria. Signs and symptoms of cCMV at birth, the use of antivirals and cCMV-associated sequelae at last available follow-up were obtained from Spanish Registry of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Results:
Seventy-seven patients (37 females, 48.1%; median [interquartile range] age: 14.0 [4.4–36.2] months) were included. Symptom-free elevated urinary protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine ratios were observed in 37.5% and 41.9% of patients, respectively, with tubular proteinuria prevailing (88.3%) over glomerular proteinuria (11.6%). Proteinuria in the nephrotic range was not observed in any patients. In multivariate analysis, female gender was the only risk factor for tubular proteinuria (adjusted odds ratio = 3.339, 95% confidence interval: 1.086–10.268; P = 0.035). cCMV disease at birth, long-term sequelae, viruria or the use of antivirals were not associated with urinalysis findings.

Conclusions:
Mild nonsymptomatic tubular proteinuria affects approximately 40% of infants and toddlers with mostly symptomatic cCMV in the first 5 years of life.
A Year of Deaths Due to or With COVID-19 Under Universal Postmortem Testing in San Francisco
Authors: Miyashiro Rand A. , McFarland Willi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe Health Officer of the City and County of San Francisco, California, issued the order that all decedents were required to have a documented COVID-19 test effective from June 2020 to June 2021. The justification for the requirement was that complete data on COVID-19 status at the time of death were needed to help protect first responders and funeral home workers, identify missed cases, and characterize the places of death for otherwise unknown COVID-19 cases. To fill the gap in COVID-19 testing for all decedents, particularly among persons dying outside of hospitals, a specialized Decedent Testing Unit was created along with an increased capacity of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner. From July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, the Decedent Testing Unit and Office of the Chief Medical Examiner provided postmortem testing results for 2776 decedents. Of these, 80 tested positive for COVID-19 for a positivity rate of 2.97%. The largest number of COVID-19–positive specimens were collected from persons who died at home (n = 37, 46.3%), followed by those who died in hospice (n = 20, 25.0%), other places outside of homes or facilities (n = 8, 10.0%), and in skilled nursing or long-term care facilities (n = 7, 8.8%). Follow-up of California death records found that 17 of these 80 cases (21.3%) had COVID-19 listed as one of the causes of death, 22 (27.5%) mentioned COVID-19 under “other conditions,” and 41 (51.3%) made no mention of COVID-19. In the context of providing the COVID-19 status of decedents not otherwise known to have infection, our data help gauge the likelihood of missing deaths due to or with COVID-19 and inform future public health decisions on whether to require universal postmortem testing with COVID-19 resurgences or with new deadly epidemics.
Clinical Uptake of Pediatric Exoskeletons: A Pilot Study Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Herold Larissa , Bosques Glendaliz , Sulzer James 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhile the design and clinical evidence base of robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) devices has been advancing, few studies investigate user experiences with accessing and using such devices in pediatric rehabilitation. This pilot study aims to further the understanding of barriers encountered by clinicians and caregivers when implementing a RAGT device.DesignA qualitative descriptive study was conducted at a local outpatient pediatric therapy center with a RAGT exoskeleton. Six caregivers and six clinicians participated in semi-structured interviews with brief surveys. The surveys were summarized with descriptive statistics. The interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).ResultsThe five most mentioned CFIR constructs were knowledge and beliefs, relative advantage, child attributes, complexity, and access to knowledge and information. Caregivers experienced obstacles to accessing and trialing RAGT devices. Clinicians expressed concerns regarding the feasibility of incorporating RAGT into their clinic and preferred lower-tech gait training techniques.ConclusionWhile some aspects of access and usability may be addressed by device design and technological advancements, overcoming other barriers will require a deeper understanding of the roles of scientific evidence, personal beliefs, and current therapy workflows in the uptake of robotic interventions.
Short-term effect of a carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis and integrated rehabilitation on self-reported physical function, pain, speed, and agility in civilians
Authors: Williamson Jared N. , Grunst Megan M. , Lynn Jeffrey , Williamson Gary A. , Blanck Ryan V. , Wilken Jason M. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are widely used to restore mobility and reduce pain in individuals with lower extremity pain and disability. The use of a carbon fiber custom dynamic orthosis (CDO) with integrated physical training and psychosocial intervention has been shown to improve outcomes in a military setting, but civilian data are limited.

Objectives:
To use existing clinical data to evaluate the initial effectiveness of an integrated CDO and rehabilitative program and identify baseline characteristics that impact patient response to the intervention.

Study design:
Retrospective cohort.

Methods:
Records of 131 adult patients who received a CDO and device specific training were reviewed. Patient-reported measures of pain and lower extremity function and physical measurements of walking and agility were extracted at baseline and on training completion.

Results:
A majority of patients reported improved or greatly improved physical function (92%), maximum pain (69%), and typical pain (55%) and experienced improved or greatly improved walking speed (92%) and agility (52%) irrespective of age and sex. Regression models for examining short-term improvement in pain and physical function accounted for 52% (p < 0.001) and 26% (p < 0.001) of the outcome variance, respectively. Improvement in typical pain was influenced by baseline typical and maximum pain, and functional improvement was influenced by sex and baseline physical function.

Conclusions:
Most patients (92.4%) reported a positive initial outcome after intervention as measured using patient-reported and objective measures.
Influence of Percutaneous Transhepatic Gallbladder Aspiration and Drainage for Severe Acute Cholecystitis on the Surgical Outcomes of Subsequent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Post Hoc Analysis of the CSGO-HBP-017 (CSGO-HBP-017C)
Authors: Toya Keisuke , Tomimaru Yoshito , Fukuchi Nariaki , Yokoyama Shigekazu , Mori Takuji , Tanemura Masahiro , Sakai Kenji , Takeda Yutaka , Tsujie Masanori , Yamada Terumasa , Miyamoto Atsushi , Hashimoto Yasuji , Hatano Hisanori , Shimizu Junzo , Sugimoto Keishi , Kashiwazaki Masaki , Matsumoto Kenichi , Kobayashi Shogo , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi ,   on behalf of the Clinical Study Group of Osaka University, Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Group
Published: December 2023

Objective:
Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration (PTGBA) and/or drainage (PTGBD) are useful approaches in the management of acute cholecystitis in patients who cannot tolerate surgery because of poor general condition or severe inflammation. However, reports regarding its effect on the surgical outcomes of subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) are sparse. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the influence of PTGBA on surgical outcomes of subsequent LC by comparing the only-PTGBA group, including patients who did not need the additional-PTGBD, versus the additional-PTGBD group, including those who needed the additional-PTGBD after PTGBA.

Patients and Methods:
We conducted a post hoc analysis of our multi-institutional data. This study included 63 patients who underwent LC after PTGBA, and we compared the surgical outcomes between the only-PTGBA group (n = 56) and the additional-PTGBD group (n = 7).

Results:
No postoperative complications occurred among the 63 patients, and the postoperative hospital stay was 11 ± 12 days. Fourteen patients (22.2%) had a recurrence of cholecystitis, of whom 7 patients (11.1%) needed the additional-PTGBD after PTGBA. Significantly longer operative time (245 ± 74 vs 159 ± 65 min, P = 0.0017) and postoperative hospital stay (22 ± 27 vs 10 ± 9 d, P = 0.0118) and greater intraoperative blood loss (279 ± 385 vs 70 ± 208 mL, P = 0.0283) were observed among patients in the additional-PTGBD group compared with the only-PTGBA group, whereas the rates of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥3: 0% each) and conversion to open surgery (28.6% vs 8.9%, P = 0.1705) were comparable.

Conclusion:
PTGBA for acute cholecystitis could result in good surgical outcomes of subsequent LC, especially regarding postoperative complications. However, we should keep in mind that the additional-PTGBD after PTGBA failure, which sometimes happened, would be associated with increased operative difficulty and longer recovery.
Effect of Smoke Evacuator on Reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds and Particles in Surgical Smoke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Yoshizaki Yuhi , Kawakami Toshiaki , Iwamoto Mitsuru , Hayakawa Tomoaki , Hayashi Yoshihito , Sawa Yui , Ito Kyoji , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Nishikata Yasuyoshi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Surgical smoke is an occupational health problem and is increasingly recognized as a potential source of virus transmission. Dedicated smoke evacuators are used to protect against surgical smoke exposure. We tested the hypothesis that using smoke evacuators would reduce volatile organic compounds and the number of particles in surgical smoke during the laparotomy procedure.

STUDY DESIGN:
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing laparotomy from June 11, 2021, to March 30, 2022, to compare the effectiveness of smoke evacuators with a control (registration, UMIN000044250). The primary outcome was a change in the acetaldehyde level. Secondary outcomes were changes in the formaldehyde level and particle count assessed by the particle size of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 nm.

RESULTS:
A total of 42 patients were randomized and assessed (smoke evacuator group, n = 22 vs control group, n = 20). The acetaldehyde level was significantly lower in the smoke evacuator group than in the control group: mean (95% CI), 10.6 (3.7 to 17.5) vs 47.2 (19.9 to 74.5) μg/m3, p < 0.001. Similarly, the formaldehyde level was 72.2% lower in the smoke evacuator group than in the control group. Particle counts by each particle size category were 80% to 95% lower in the smoke evacuator group than in the control group (all, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Dedicated smoke evacuators reduced the level of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde, and the number of particles in surgical smoke, minimizing the potential exposure to volatile organic compounds and particle matters during surgery.