bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resisting and reinforcing neoliberalism: lesbian and gay organising at the federal and local levels in Canada
Authors: Smith Miriam 
Published: December 2004

English
This article explores the effects of neoliberal policies, discourse and practices on social movement and voluntary sector organising using a case study of lesbian and gay politics in Canada. The article shows how movements of ‘identity’ and ‘recognition’ play a role in resisting and reinforcing neoliberalism. By comparing lesbian and gay organising at the federal and local levels, the article shows that the federal and local spaces of politics provide different political opportunities for resistance to and reinforcement of neoliberalism.
Kinetics of low Reynolds number creaming and coalescence in droplet dispersions
Authors: Jeelani S. A. K. , Hosig R. , Windhab E. J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe effect of size distribution and concentration of rapeseed oil drops on the kinetics of creaming, and interdrop and interfacial coalescence in surfactant‐free dispersions, in which the droplet Reynolds number for creaming is very small, is investigated. The concentration profiles of oil drops within the dispersion, measured using a radioactive γ‐ray attenuation technique, show that the low Reynolds number of creaming small drops causes the dispersion to remain essentially loosely packed with drops during most of the time period. The creaming velocity and coalescence rate increase initially with time because of an increase in drop size by interdrop coalescence and decrease subsequently as larger drops cream out of the dispersion. Drops in concentrated dispersions, in which their mean diameter and concentration are large, grow in size faster, resulting in creaming and interfacial coalescence rates that are larger than those for dilute dispersions. An analytical model is presented that describes well not only the present experimental data on concentrated dispersions but also those published on very dilute dispersions. The results obtained by the model are in good agreement with those presented by other authors using the population balance model involving extensive numerical computations. The present model also enables the determination of coalescence times of single drops with their bulk homophase using experimental data on dispersions. These coalescence times, which decrease with increasing drop diameter, agree well with those predicted by the published equation for drainage of the continuous phase film between a spherical drop and its bulk homophase. The droplet capillary numbers are found to be very small, indicating that the drops are spherical in shape. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 149–161, 2005
Performance efficiency of tubular inorganic membrane modules for pervaporation
Authors: Sommer Stefan , Klinkhammer Bernd , Schleger Michael , Melin Thomas 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBecause the separation performance improves the rate of transport in inorganic high flux pervaporation membranes, resistances in the boundary layer become the performance bottleneck in the dehydration of solvents. By operating the membranes at high temperature levels, permeate water fluxes of more than 10 kg m−2 h−1 can be obtained. Therefore, the design of efficient industrial‐scale modules becomes significant. In this study, a set of generic rules for the construction of technical and economically feasible modules is derived and different design versions are compared, including tubular, hollow‐fiber, spiral‐wound, and multichannel monolith types. In particular, the performance efficiency and applicational limitations of the isothermal module concept Pervap® SMS (Silica Membrane System) from Sulzer Chemtech are evaluated. Steam condensation or a thermal liquid ensures the constant operation temperature for any permeate loading. For assessing the module efficiency the impact of concentration and temperature polarization is modeled with empirical correlations for the mass and heat transfer on the feed side. For these high‐flux membranes the overall flux reduction by polarization effects in the technical module is around 30 to 50%. At lower permeate fluxes the losses in membrane performance are more the result of mass transfer limitations, whereas at higher permeation rates heat transfer becomes more significant. The pressure drop in the porous support was calculated by Knudsen diffusion, whereas the pressure loss in the permeate channel was determined with laminar flow according to Hagen–Poiseuille. At a permeate flux of 10 kg/m2h the friction loss in the support can reach up to 100 mbar, whereas the pressure drop in the permeate tube is negligible. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 162–177, 2005
Scheduling tank container movements for chemical logistics
Authors: Karimi I. A. , Sharafali M. , Mahalingam H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEffective logistics is the key to improving supply chain performance. Tank containers are attractive from the viewpoints of safety, cost, and environment, and are widely used for transporting fluid chemicals. Minimizing the logistics costs arising from the container flow imbalances across the globe and container cleaning is a major issue that chemical companies and affiliated third‐party logistics firms face routinely. In contrast to dry containers, this important problem of managing tank containers in global chemical logistics has received no attention. An innovative, event‐based, “pull” approach is presented for the minimum‐cost or the maximum‐profit scheduling of the transport and cleaning of multiproduct tank containers (loaded and empty) given a set of projected shipment orders. A novel linear programming formulation is developed and illustrated through examples that successfully solves large, industrially relevant problems with key practical considerations such as alternate ship schedules, delivery time windows, and intermodal transport routes. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 178–197, 2005
Die Erweiterung des genetischen Codes
Authors: Wang Lei , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractChemiker sind in der Lage, nahezu jede niedermolekulare organische Verbindung zu synthetisieren. Dennoch sind unsere Möglichkeiten zur rationalen Modifizierung von Proteinen sehr begrenzt, und das, obwohl diese an nahezu allen Lebensprozessen teilnehmen. Bei den meisten Proteinen beschränken sich die Modifikationen weitgehend auf Substitutionen der zwanzig Standard‐Aminosäuren untereinander. Hier beschreiben wir jüngste Fortschritte, die es ermöglichen, den genetischen Code von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Organismen um neue Bausteine zu erweitern. Es wurden bereits mehr als dreißig neuartige Aminosäuren in eindeutigen Triplett‐ und Quadruplett‐Codons genetisch codiert, darunter fluoreszierende und redoxaktive Aminosäuren, glycosylierte Aminosäuren und Aminosäuren mit Keto‐, Azid‐, Acetylen‐ und Schweratomfunktionen in den Seitenketten. Mit dem Wegfall der Einschränkungen, die durch den begrenzten Satz von zwanzig Aminosäuren vorgegeben sind, sollte es möglich sein, Proteine und sogar gesamte Organismen mit neuen oder verbesserten Eigenschaften zu generieren.
Supported Chiral Mo‐Based Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Dolman Sarah J. , Hultzsch Kai C. , Pezet Frederic , Teng Xin , Hoveyda Amir H. , Schrock Richard R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Alkylidenemalonates Using Efficient Phase‐Transfer Catalysis of N‐Spiro Chiral Ammonium Bromides.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Fujioka Shingo , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Substituted α‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐β‐iodoacrylates via MgI2‐Promoted Stereoselective Aldol Coupling.
Authors: Wei Han‐Xun , Hu Jiali , Jasoni Richard L. , Li Guigen , Pare Paul W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Organometallic Synthesis in the Furazan Series. Part 4. Reactions of Azofurazans with Organolithium Compounds.
Authors: Sheremetev A. V. , Ivanova E. A. , Shatunova E. V. , Dmitriev D. E. , Kuz'mina N. E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sodium Bis(2‐methoxyethoxy)aluminum Hydride in Reactions with 3‐Cyano‐6‐methylpyridine‐2(1H)‐thione and 3‐Cyano‐6‐methyl(4,6‐dimethyl)‐2‐methylthiopyridines
Authors: Zubarev A. A. , Zav'yalova V. K. , Litvinov V. P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 4‐Phenylamino‐3‐vinylquinoline Derivatives as Gastric H+/K+‐ATPase Inhibitors.
Authors: Yum Eul Kgun , Yang Ok‐Kyung , Kang Seung Kyu , Cheon Haye Gyeong , Kim Sung Soo , Choi Joong‐Kwon 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Purines, Pyrimidines, and Related Fused Systems. Part 21. Oxidative Amination of 3‐Chloro‐6,8‐dimethylpyrimido[4,5‐c]pyridazine‐5,7(6H,8H)‐dione.
Authors: Goryunenko V. V. , Gulevskaya A. V. , Pozharskii A. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Fused Arylboronic Esters via Cobalt(0)‐Mediated Cycloaddition of Alkynylboronates with α,ω‐Diynes.
Authors: Gandon Vincent , Leca Dominique , Aechtner Tobias , Vollhardt K. Peter C. , Malacria Max , Aubert Corinne 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
MOCVD of KNbO3 Ferroelectric Films and their Characterization
Authors: Romanov M.V. , Korsakov I.E. , Kaul A.R. , Stefanovich S.Yu. , Bolshakov I.A. , Wahl G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractKNbO3 in the form of films is a highly acclaimed material due to its potential application in surface acoustic wave (SAW), and nonlinear optic devices. Single‐source powder flash evaporation MOCVD of epitaxial KNbO3 films was accomplished, for the first time, with potassium tert‐butoxide and niobium heteroligand complex, Nb(OiPr)4(thd) used as volatile metal–organic precursors. The microstructure of the films was found to be dependent on the substrate used (MgO or SrTiO3) and deposition temperature. A new approach to reach cation stoichiometry of deposited films deficient in potassium, consisting of a post‐deposition annealing with a KNbO3/K3NbO4 powder mixture, was proposed. The device quality of the films was verified by high second harmonic generation (SHG) output. The effect of the oxygen non‐stoichiometry of films on the phase transition temperature was proven.
UHV Surface Chemistry of bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, (C2H5C5H4)2Ru on an Oxide Substrate
Authors: Luo B. , Wang Q. , White J.M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe interactions of an organometallic precursor to Ru thin films, bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, (C2H5C5H4)2Ru, with an amorphous Al2O3 substrate were probed using tools of ultra‐high vacuum surface science. The precursor adsorbs and desorbs with no decomposition on Al2O3 that is bare, or covered with patches of O‐saturated Ru. In the absence of pre‐existing Ru sites, there was no reaction up to 950 K with or without co‐dosed O2 at pressures up to 10–6 torr. Film‐forming reactions do occur under UHV dosing conditions when Ru sites and chemisorbed oxygen are both present. The distribution of chemical states of surface oxygen changes with temperature and influences reaction kinetics and film growth.
On‐line waiting: The role of download time and other important predictors on attitude toward e‐retailers
Authors: Rose Gregory M. , Meuter Matthew L. , Curran James M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAcross both marketing and management‐information‐system disciplines, download time has been identified as an important factor for on‐line business success. This research is intended to clarify counterintuitive findings generated from previous research and Web‐based experimentation. Here the roles of several factors, including download time, on the overall evaluation of an e‐retailer are explored. With an experimental design, the article explores the impact of 5‐, 30‐, and 45‐second download delays on attitude toward an e‐retailer. Consistent with prior works, findings from both a main study and replication study indicate that objective download delay is not a critical determinant of attitude toward an e‐retailer. However, findings show there are other direct and indirect delay effects, including those resulting from perceived retailer control of delay, that impact Web‐system success. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural relaxation and evolution of yield stress in epoxy glass aged under shear strain
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Otsuki Ryohei , Nanzai Yukuo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHollow cylindrical specimens of annealed epoxy glass were twisted and then aged for various periods of time under shear strain. At the end of the aging process, we twisted the specimens again to determine the stress–strain relations. For specimens aged under a shear strain of 0.005 or 0.01, the stress relaxation behavior was almost independent of the amount of strain imposed, and the value of stress at the upper yield point, regardless of aging time, was almost the same as that of the annealed specimen. On the other hand, for specimens aged under a strain of 0.02 or 0.04, the stress relaxation behavior depended on the value of the strain applied, and the value of stress at the upper yield point first decreased and subsequently increased with increasing aging time. These results led us to the following conclusions: If epoxy glass is strained largely, the originally stable structure becomes unstable. Also, when epoxy glass is aged under strain, the stability of the structure continues to decrease for a short period of time after deformation ceases, and then increases with increasing aging time. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 45:20–24, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Experimental study on the flow and deposition of powder particles in rotational molding
Authors: Olinek J. , Anand C. , Bellehumeur C.T. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe nature of powder flow and its effect on particle deposition in rotationally molded parts were considered in this work. Experiments were carried out to observe the effects of various parameters, such as particle characteristics and operating conditions, on the deposition patterns of polyethylene powders and micropellets. The results indicate that the polymeric powders were cohesive enough to prevent size segregation at ambient temperature; however, segregation occurred when particles that had a smooth surface and regular shape were used. During processing, however, a new phenomenon of reverse cohesive segregation was observed. The results showed that the final deposition patterns are controlled primarily by the initial segregation patterns, as well as by the heating rate and rotation speed, which affect the evolution of adhesive forces between particles during heating and melt deposition process. An order‐of‐magnitude analysis was conducted to evaluate the development of cohesive forces between particles, and to estimate their effects on the movement of particles. This study provides a better understanding of the flow characteristics of polymer particles during the rotational molding process, which is very important in the development of techniques for fabricating composites and multilayered products. Polym. Eng. Sci. 45:62–73, 2005. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Preparation and characterization of poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) and polybutadiene rubber/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Song M , Wong CW , Jin J , Ansarifar A , Zhang ZY , Richardson M 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPoly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) rubber (SBR) and polybutadiene rubber (BR)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared. The effects of the incorporation of inorganically and organically modified clays on the vulcanization reactions of SBR and BR were analysed by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry. A reduction in scorch time (ts1) and optimum time (t95) was observed for both the rubbers when organoclay was added and this was attributed to the amine groups of the organic modifier. However, ts1 and t95 were further increased as the clay content was increased. A reduction in torque value was obtained for the organoclay nanocomposites, indicating a lower number of crosslinks formed. The organoclays favoured the vulcanization process although the vulcanizing effect was reduced with increasing clay content. The tensile strength and elongation of SBR were improved significantly with organoclay. The improvement of the tensile properties of BR with organoclay was less noticeable than inorganic‐modified clay. Nevertheless, these mechanical properties were enhanced with addition of clay. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were dependent on filler size and dispersion, and also compatibility between fillers and the rubber matrix. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Relaxational behavior and swelling‐pH master curves of poly[(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐(ethylene glycol)] hydrogels
Authors: Podual Kairali , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPoly[(diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐graft‐(ethylene glycol)] hydrogels were prepared with a molar ratio of 10:1 of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate to poly(ethylene glycol) of number‐average molecular weights (Mn) 200, 400 and 1000 g mol−1 using tetra(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate to give a crosslinking ratio between 0.5 and 4.0 %. Glucose oxidase and catalase were immobilized in the matrix during polymerization. The maximum enzyme loading used was 6.6 × 10−4 g of glucose oxidase per g of polymer. The equilibrium and dynamic swelling properties of these hydrogels were investigated. The pH‐dependent equilibrium swelling characteristics showed a sharp transition between the swollen and the collapsed state at pH 7.0. The dynamic response of the hydrogel discs to pH was analyzed in pulsatile pH conditions. The effects of particle size, crosslinking and molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the dynamic swelling response were investigated. The pulsatile nature of the response was analyzed using Boltzmann superposition. Swelling–pH master curves were obtained. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Peptide mass fingerprinting by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry of proteins detected by immunostaining on nitrocellulose
Authors: Dufresne‐Martin Geneviève , Lemay Jean‐François , Lavigne Pierre , Klarskov Klaus 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe have developed an approach that allows peptide mass mapping by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐mass spectrometry of proteins visualized on a nitrocellulose membrane by immunochemical detection. Proteins are separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), electroblotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane and after blocking with a nonprotein‐containing polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 (PVP‐40) or Tween 20, the proteins are stained with fount India ink. After incubation with primary and, if required, secondary peroxidase‐coupled antibodies, immunochemically reactive proteins can be visualized using conventional enhanced chemiluminescence detection and assigned to the India ink‐stained membrane by simple superposition. The proteins of interest are excised, submitted to “on‐membrane” cleavage and the peptides are analyzed by mass spectrometry. Protein‐based blocking reagents normally used in standard immunodetection protocols, such as skimmed milk, can be employed. We have obtained high‐quality mass spectra of bovine serum albumin (BSA) detected on an immunoblot with an estimated amount of 100 fmol applied onto the gel, indicating the sensitivity of the present method. In addition, the approach is demonstrated with two other commercially available proteins, a serum protein, the successful identification of a tyrosine phosphorylated protein from total rat liver homogenate and serine phosphorylated proteins from an EcR 293 nuclear extract separated by two‐dimensional (2‐D) SDS‐PAGE.
Mass spectrometry and database search in the analysis of proteins from the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Matis Maja , Žakelj‐Mavrič Marija , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTandem mass spectrometry is a method of choice for rapid analysis in proteomics. Identification and characterization of proteins from organisms with sequenced genomes is today a routine procedure as will be identification of proteins from organisms with unsequenced genomes with new developing tools. Here, we report the use of isotopic labeling with electrospray ionisation (ESI)‐tandem mass spectrometry for de novo sequencing in combination with database search taking advantage of different programs for identification of fungal proteins. Using this approach we could identify the proteins of interest. Nevertheless, the identification of a novel protein responsible for the conversion of testosterone into androstenedione was still a difficult task, mostly due to the low homology of steroid transforming enzymes, especially those from microorganisms. Protein p27 was identified as the vanillate O‐demethylase oxidoreductase, p33 and p36 as two isoenzymes of malate dehydrogenase, and p45 as citrate synthase. By rechecking the sequences using additional programs it could be shown that the protein p36 has a higher local homology to the steroid‐transforming enzyme than to the malate dehydrogenase. Therefore, we assume that p36 is a pluripotent enzyme most probably responsible for the 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the reaction of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate with L‐tryptophan
Authors: Echevarría Gerardo R. , Santos José G. , Basagoitia Andrea , Blanco Francisco García 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe apparent rate constants for formation (k1) and hydrolysis (k2) of the Schiff bases formed by reaction of pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate with L‐tryptophan were determined at various pH values, at different temperatures and at constant ionic strength (0.1 M). Also obtained were the elementary rate constants for formation and hydrolysis of the Schiff bases corresponding to the different chemical species present in the media, and the pK values of the Schiff's bases. The activation and thermodynamic parameters for the formation and hydrolysis of the Schiff's bases also were determined. Some of the ΔH0 and ΔS0 values for the individual processes were found to be positive. In basic media the enthalpic factor is unfavorable but the entropic contribution leads to a negative ΔG0. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gloucester Fishery: insights from a group modeling intervention
Authors: Otto Peter , Struben Jeroen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSystem dynamics provides a powerful support mechanism for resolving problems in highly complex and dynamic contexts. Effectively building a system dynamics model in a client‐group environment is a challenging task, particularly with a heterogeneous clientele and a variety of stakeholders inﬂuencing the boundaries of the model. In such environments, understanding and formulating central concerns is as important as it is challenging. This article describes a group model building initiative designed to study the implications of various policies aimed at revitalizing the ﬁshing industry in Gloucester, Massachusetts. While the iterative and interactive methods in this group modeling intervention helped ﬁshermen and community members to communicate effectively with one another, deﬁne problems and improve their understanding of the critical interactions in the system, the resulting model was used to help the Gloucester Community Development Cooperation to communicate potential impacts of a prospective ﬁsh factory to a wider audience. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.