bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontumorous perfusion abnormalities of liver parenchyma adjacent to the falciform ligament as revealed by angiographic helical CT and angiography
Authors: Yamagami T. , Nakamura T. , Iida S. , Kato T. , Nishimura T. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To investigate nontumorous abnormalities in the liver around the falciform ligament as revealed by arteriography and helical CT arterial portography (CTAP) and helical CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients simultaneously underwent hepatic arteriography and CTAP and CTHA of the common hepatic artery. The number, size, and shape of nontumorous defects of portal perfusion in the liver adjacent to the falciform ligament on CTAP as well as the nontumorous contrast enhancement in the same area on CTHA were determined. In 1 case, in which nontumorous enhancement was observed on CTHA, selective arteriography from the gastric arteries was performed. Results: On CTAP a nontumorous area of decreased portal perfusion of the liver around the falciform ligament was detected in 18 (15.4%) of the 117 patients, while nontumorous enhancement on CTHA was seen in 7 (6.0%). In 4 patients, both of these nontumorous abnormalities were observed. In the patient undergoing selective gastric arteriography, nonportal venous inflow to the liver in the direction to the liver adjacent to the falciform ligament was seen. Conclusion: One cause of nontumorous vascular abnormalities adjacent to the falciform ligament as shown on angiographic helical CT is aberrant gastric venous inflow to this region.
Imaging and estimation of the prognostic features of primary sclerosing cholangitis by ultrasonography and MR cholangiography
Authors: Oikarinen H. , Pääkkö E. , Suramo I. , Päivänsalo M. , Tervonen O. , Lehtola J. , Aukee J. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of US and MR cholangiography (MRC) to detect bile duct changes and prognostic signs of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) seen at endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Material and Methods: In a prospective study, 9 patients with PSC underwent US, MRC, MR imaging and ERC of the bile ducts and the liver. Eight age- and sex-matched control patients were examined with MRC, MR imaging and ERC. A segmental comparison was performed to assess the ability of MRC-MR and US to reveal the accurate ductal involvement in different segments of the biliary tree and the specific criteria of poor prognostic outcome in PSC. The ability of MRC-MR to detect the presence of PSC in different patients was analysed blindly. Results: MRC-MR depicted changes of PSC correctly in 9 patients (radiologist 1) and in 8 patients with 1 false-positive finding (radiologist 2) in the blinded analysis. In the segmental comparison, MRC missed especially bile duct dilatations. MRC was too pessimistic in the evaluation of the outcome. US detected features suggestive of PSC in 8 patients (radiologist 3). US was unable to show the predictors of poor outcome. Conclusion: MRC and US seem to be useful in the detection of PSC. US is unable and MRC is too pessimistic to estimate the outcome of PSC.
MR imaging of primary, secondary, and mixed forms of lymphedema
Authors: Åström K.G.O. , Abdsaleh S. , Brenning G.C. , Ahlström K.H. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To describe the pathological features and assess the diagnostic information of different MR sequences in patients with primary, secondary, and mixed (phlebo-, lipophlebo-, or lipolymphedema) forms of lymphedema of the lower leg. Material and Methods: In 26 patients with clinical diagnoses of primary (n=10), pure secondary (n=4), mixed (n=9) and combined secondary and mixed forms of lymphedema (n=3), MR imaging was performed with coronal and axial T1 SE, T2 TSE, fat-suppressed (SPIR) T2 sequences and axial T1 SE after i.v. injection of Gd-DTPA. Results: In 24 patients there was a honeycomb pattern in the subcutis with a signal intensity corresponding to fluid (n=11), fibrosis (n=3), or both (n=10). Five patients with primary lymphedema showed subfascial fluid accumulation. Dermal edema was noted in 23 patients. Fat or edema components in the muscles were mostly seen in patients with phlebolymphedema. The honeycomb pattern was best seen on coronal T1 images, and fluid accumulations on axial SPIR-T2 images. Fibrosis was only assessible from the T2 TSE sequence. Gd-DTPA did not improve the diagnostic information. Conclusion: For evaluation of lymphedema and its mixed forms, an axial T2-weighted SPIR sequence in conjunction with a coronal T1 SE sequence are sufficient.
Ionic and non-ionic contrast agent-mediated endothelial injury: Quantitative analysis of cell proliferation during endothelial repair
Authors: Gabelmann A. , Haberstroh J. , Weyrich G. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To quantitatively evaluate endothelial injury in vivo and to assess the time course of cellular repair after endothelial cell exposure to ionic and non-ionic contrast media. Material and Methods: Local changes at the cellular level following intraaortic injection of 1 ml of the ionic contrast agent ioxithalamate or 1 ml of the non-ionic contrast agent iomeprol, each with an iodine content of 300 mg/ml, were investigated using rat endothelium as an in vivo model. A sorbitol solution iso-osmolar to iomeprol served as control. Quantitative analysis of endothelial changes by autoradiography of 3H-thymidine-labeled endothelial cells was assessed after 3, 5 and 10 days, determining the 3H-thymidine index and the DNA synthesis rate. Results: Ioxithalamate showed a clear harmful effect on the endothelium, with an elevated 3H-thymidine index of 7.68% on day 3 and 6.89% on day 5, versus 2.97% on day 3 and 2.55% on day 5 for iomeprol and 2.29% on day 3 and 1.91% on day 5 for the control. Conclusion: Ionic contrast agents lead to reversible transient focal endothelial cell injury. No such side effect was detectable for non-ionic contrast agents.
Prostatic MR imaging: Accuracy in differentiating cancer from other prostatic disorders
Authors: Ikonen S. , Kivisaari L. , Tervahartiala P. , Vehmas T. , Taari K. , Rannikko S. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: We assessed the accuracy of MR imaging in differentiating between cancer and other prostatic disorders, and evaluated the diagnostic criteria for various prostatic diseases. Material and Methods: A total of 74 endorectal coil MR studies were performed on 72 patients. Twenty patients had prostatic cancer, 20 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 4 acute bacterial prostatitis, 5 chronic bacterial prostatitis (2 also belonging to the previous category), 19 chronic non-bacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and 6 were symptomless voluntary controls. All studies were interpreted by two experienced radiologists in random order. Radiologists were blinded to all clinical data including the age of the patients. Based on MR findings, both radiologists filled in a form covering diagnostic criteria and diagnosis. Results: Accuracy in diagnosing prostate cancer was 74%. Sensitivity was 50% and specificity 83%, and positive and negative predictive values were 53 and 82%, respectively. Bacterial prostatitis showed some features similar to carcinoma. Abundant BPH rendered cancer detection more difficult. No diagnostic criterion was clearly better than the others. Interobserver agreement on the MR diagnosis ranged from moderate to good. Conclusion: Without knowledge of accurate clinical data, MR seems to be too insensitive in detecting prostate cancer to be used as a primary diagnostic tool.
Diffusion-weighted MR and apparent diffusion coefficient in the evaluation of severe brain injury
Authors: Nakahara M. , Ericson K. , Bellander B.M. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To study apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in severely brain-injured patients. Material and Methods: Four deeply comatose patients with severe brain injury were investigated with single-shot, diffusion-weighted, spin-echo echoplanar imaging. The tetrahedral diffusion gradient configuration and four iterations of a set of b-values (one time of 0 mm2/s, and four times of 1000 mm2/s) were used to create isotropic ADC maps with high signal-to-noise ratio. ADC values of gray and white matter were compared among patients and 4 reference subjects. Results: One patient was diagnosed as clinically brain dead after the MR examination. The patient's ADC values of gray and white matter were significantly lower than those of 3 other brain-injured patients. In addition the ADC value of white matter was significantly lower than that of gray matter. Conclusion: The patient with fatal outcome shortly after MR examination differed significantly from other patients with severe brain injury but non-fatal outcome, with regard to ADC values in gray and white matter. This might indicate a prognostic value of ADC maps in the evaluation of traumatic brain injury.
MR imaging of the lingual thyroid: Comparison to other submucosal lesions
Authors: Takashima S. , Ueda M. , Shibata A. , Takayama F. , Momose M. , Yamashita K. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To study MR findings for clues to the diagnosis of lingual thyroid. Material and Methods: MR findings and clinical and scintigraphic data of 5 cases of lingual thyroid were reviewed and the MR findings were compared to those of 16 cases of other submucosal lesions in the base of the tongue. Results: Four of the 5 patients with lingual thyroid were women and all had hypothyroidism. MR imaging depicted lingual thyroid in the midline in the base of the tongue (n=5) and additional ectopic thyroid glands in the floor of the mouth (n=2) or between the right and left sternohyoid muscles (n=1). Ectopic thyroid glands appeared isointense or hyperintense relative to muscle tissue on T1-weighted images and showed slight or fair contrast enhancement. All glands had low to intermediate T2 signal, which was also seen in 1 case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma. All ectopic thyroid glands had well-defined margins, whereas malignant tumors tended to have ill-defined margins and to invade the surrounding structures. All but the 5 cases of lingual thyroid had an MR-demonstrable thyroid gland in the normal cervical position. Conclusion: A well-defined mass of low-intermediate T2 signal in the midline base of the tongue, neither with invasive tendency nor with a cervical thyroid gland in the normal site on MR imaging, may strongly indicate lingual thyroid.
Detection of myocardial ischemia by electron beam CT: Experimental studies
Authors: Knollmann F.D. , Muschick P. , Krause W. , Hausmann H. , Hetzer R. , Felix R. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To determine if contrast-enhanced electron beam CT (EBCT) can detect areas of acute myocardial ischemia, and if pharmacological stress testing improves the diagnostic accuracy of EBCT. Material and Methods: We injected 0.5 ml/kg and 1.0 ml/kg b.w. of iopromide at a rate of 4 ml/s into the right atrium of 5 ventilated female minipigs at rest and after occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Both ventricles were examined at six short axis levels with an EBCT unit. Myocardial perfusion was calculated from the time-density curves of four left ventricular myocardial segments and the aorta. We also tested the effect of the contrast agent on myocardial density after i.v. administration of 0.6 mg/kg dipyridamole before and after LAD occlusion. Results: At rest, the contrast agent increased myocardial density by 28±2 HU, corresponding to a myocardial perfusion estimate of 67±7 ml/min/100 g. After dipyridamole, myocardial density increased by 29±4 HU. Following occlusion of the LAD, anteroseptal myocardium displayed 10±4 HU density increase. The area of non-enhancement corresponded to ischemic myocardium in stained pathologic sections. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced stress EBCT can be used to detect areas of myocardial ischemia, and EBCT stress perfusion imaging may be necessary to consistently differentiate ischemic from non-ischemic myocardial tissue.
Evaluation of pleural disease using MR and CT: With special reference to malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Knuuttila A. , Kivisaari L. , Kivisaari A. , Palomäki M. , Tervahartiala P. , Mattson K. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate MR imaging and CT in differentiating malignant pleural mesothelioma from other malignancies or benign pleural disease. Material and Methods: Thirty-four patients (18 pleural mesotheliomas, 9 other malignancies, 7 benign pleural diseases) were examined using enhanced CT and MR. Two radiologists reviewed the CT and two others the MR images. Comparisons were made between the diagnostic groups and the imaging methods. Results: The abnormalities commonly found in malignant disease, but significantly less frequently in benign pleural disease, were focal thickening and enhancement of interlobar fissures. In mesothelioma, enhancement of interlobar fissures, tumour invasion of the diaphragm, mediastinal soft tissue or chest wall, were significantly more often observed than in other malignancies and MR was the most sensitive method. In other malignancies, invasion of bony structures was a more common finding and was also better shown by MR. The contrast-enhanced T1 fat-suppressed (CET1fs) sequence detected these features better than other MR sequences. Conclusion: MR, especially the CET1fs sequence in three planes, gave more information than enhanced CT. Focal thickening and enhancement of interlobar fissures were early abnormalities indicating malignant pleural disease. MR could be clinically useful for differentiating mesothelioma from other pleural diseases.
Gastro-oesophageal reflux demonstrated by radiography
Authors: Madsen E. , Aksglæde K. , Jacobsen N.O. , Funch-Jensen P. , Thommesen P. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is demonstrated by radiography as a supplement to 24-h pH monitoring. Material and Methods: Forty-two patients (mean age 44 years) with suspicion of GOR disease were assessed according to a standard questionnaire. GOR was investigated by 24-h pH-monitoring and by radiography. Oesophageal emptying and the presence of rings or strictures were registered as well. Mucosal biopsies, classified as normal, light oesophagitis, severe oesophagitis, or Barrett's oesophagus, were correlated to age, gender, symptomatology, pH monitoring, and oesophageal emptying. GOR and morphological changes demonstrated by radiography were correlated to pH monitoring and mucosa biopsies. Results: Based on pH monitoring, patients with severe oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus had a significantly higher acid exposure compared to patients with normal mucosa and light oesophagitis, with no difference concerning age, gender, and symptoms. Severe oesophagitis, including Barrett's oesophagus, was found only in patients with a positive test for radiologic GOR. Eleven patients had rings or strictures independent of oesophageal mucosal changes. Conclusion: GOR demonstrated by radiography identified patients where complications could be expected, which was not possible by pH monitoring alone.
Book Reviews
Authors: Sandro Rossitti , Sven-Ola Hietala , Göran Wegenius 
Published: July 2004

Recent Advances in Diagnostic Neuroradiology. Edited by P. Demaerel. Medical Radiology Series, XII+530 pages. 367 figures in 925 parts, 34 in color. 18 tables. Springer-Verlag, XII+530 pages. 367 figures in 925 parts, 34 in color. 18 tables. Springer- Verlag 2001. ISBN 3-540-65723-1. Price: USD 279. Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine, 2nd edn. By G. B. Saha. Springer-Verlag 2001. ISBN 0-387-95021-4. Price: Hardcover DEM 132. Clinical Imaging in Non-Pulmonary Tuberculosis. By F. E. McGuinness. Springer-Verlag 2000. ISBN 3-540-65940-4. Price: Hardcover: DEM 169.
MR findings in humeral epicondylitis: A systematic review
Authors: Pasternack I. , E.-M. Tuovinen , Lohman M. , Vehmas T. , Malmivaara A. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To highlight the importance of meta-analysis in diagnostic imaging by presenting a systematic search of the literature on the accuracy of MR imaging in epicondylitis. Material and Methods: The literature was comprehensively reviewed to identify studies on MR findings in epicondylitis. Reviewers blind to the clinical diagnoses screened the data according to predetermined inclusion criteria. Data were collected and validity and relevance were assessed on structured forms. Results: Seven studies including 148 patients with epicondylitis were accepted for the analysis. Eleven asymptomatic contralateral elbows and 29 elbows of healthy volunteers served as controls. The volunteers were distinctly younger than the patients. The MR technique was divergent, and the observed pathological changes also varied. The most frequent alteration was a change in the common extensor tendon signal (90%, 95% confidence interval 84-94%); 14% of the healthy volunteers and 50% of the contralateral elbows displayed the similar alteration. Conclusion: Small sample size and methodological shortcomings in the original studies make the assessment of MR findings in epicondylitis questionable. There is a need for well-designed studies in which clinical features and occupational backgrounds as well as imaging parameters are carefully documented.
Diffusion tensor trace mapping in normal adult brain using single-shot epi technique: A methodological study of the aging brain
Authors: Chen Z.G. , T.-Q. Li , Hindmarsh T. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To quantify age-related changes of the average diffusion coefficient value in normal adult brain using orientation-independent diffusion tensor trace mapping and to address the methodological influences on diffusion quantification. Material and Methods: Fifty-four normal subjects (aged 20-79 years) were studied on a 1.5-T whole-body MR medical unit using a diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging technique. Orientation-independent diffusion tensor trace maps were constructed for each subject using diffusion-weighted MR measurements in four different directions using a tetrahedral gradient combination pattern. The global average (including cerebral spinal fluid) and the tissue average of diffusion coefficients in adult brains were determined by analyzing the diffusion coefficient distribution histogram for the entire brain. Methodological influences on the measured diffusion coefficient were also investigated by comparing the results obtained using different experimental settings. Results: Both global and tissue averages of the diffusion coefficient are significantly correlated with age ( p&lt;0.03). The global average of the diffusion coefficient increases 3% per decade after the age of 40, whereas the increase in the tissue average of diffusion coefficient is about 1% per decade. Experimental settings for self-diffusion measurements, such as data acquisition methods and number of b-values, can slightly influence the statistical distribution histogram of the diffusion tensor trace and its average value. Conclusion: Increased average diffusion coefficient in adult brains with aging are consistent with findings regarding structural changes in the brain that have been associated with aging. The study also demonstrates that it is desirable to use the same experimental parameters for diffusion coefficient quantification when comparing between different subjects and groups of interest.
MR in phenylketonuria-related brain lesions
Authors: Dezortová M. , Hájek M. , Tintěra J. , Hejcmanová L. , Syková E. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: Phenylketonuria (PKU) patients were examined by different MR techniques to explain the pathological changes observed in periventricular white brain matter using conventional MR imaging. Material and Methods: Fifteen patients with treated classical PKU were examined by 1H spectroscopy, relaxometry and diffusion imaging on a whole-body 1.5-T MR imager. Results: Known PKU lesions characterized by T2 enhancement in periventricular white matter were observed in all patients. The MR spectra from the lesioned areas showed a significant decrease in choline concentration. The mean ADC of water decreased and tortuosity increased in PKU lesions compared to control data. Conclusion: The results support the following hypothesis: The T2 increase in the PKU lesion reflects a raised concentration of free water molecules (about 15%) that have an increased trajectory between collisions compared to the same region in controls. The increase in water mobility might be explained by changes in extracellular space volume and myelin sheaths, which, presumably, have a different geometry with more hydrophobic sites in PKU patients. The changes result in increased tortuosity and may be confirmed by the loss of anisotropy in PKU lesions.
High-resolution and color doppler ultrasonography of cervical lymphadenopathy in children
Authors: Papakonstantinou O. , Bakantaki A. , Paspalaki P. , Charoulakis N. , Gourtsoyiannis N. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To assess the frequency of high-resolution and color Doppler sonographic findings in the most common diseases of childhood manifested with cervical lymphadenopathy at initial presentation. Material and Methods: High-resolution and color Doppler US were performed in 103 and 43 children respectively, with cervical lymphadenopathy at initial presentation. Sonomorphology and intranodal vascularity were assessed. Final diagnoses, based on biopsy or clinical and sonographic follow-up, included: Reactive hyperplasia (n=34), infectious mononucleosis (n=20), lymphoma (n=11), bacterial (n=28), tuberculous (n=5) and cat-scratch disease (CSD, n=5) lymphadenites. Results: Round shape (L/S&lt;2) was common both in lymphoma (78%), infectious mononucleosis (85%) and bacterial lymphadenitis (73%) while 91% of reactive nodes had L/S&gt;2. Wide hilum conforming to nodal shape characterized reactive hyperplasia (94%) and infectious mononucleosis whereas absent or narrow hilum was frequent in lymphoma (100%) and bacterial lymphadenitis (60%). Central irregular hyperechogenic areas, blurred margins and central necrosis were most frequent in bacterial, tuberculous and CSD lymphadenites. On color Doppler US, hyperplastic nodes more frequently exhibited a solitary hilar vessel (48%), whereas infectious mononucleosis nodes had a central radial pattern (75%). Bacterial lymphadenitis presented with a variety of vascular patterns. Conclusion: Although individual sonographic signs are not specific, the categorization and combination of findings might be highly suggestive of diagnosis of the underlying disease presenting with cervical lymphadenopathy.
Treatment of autonomous and toxic thyroid adenomas by percutaneous ultrasound-guided ethanol injection
Authors: Brkljacic B. , Sucic M. , Bozikov V. , Hauser M. , Hebrang A. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of US-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of autonomous and toxic thyroid adenomas. Material and Methods: PEI was performed in 42 patients with solitary, scintigraphically "hot" nodules (n=37) or toxic nodular goiter (n=5). The nodular volume ranged from 2.5 to 38 cm3 (mean volume, 20.7±14.1 cm3). Ethanol was injected using a free-hand technique, usually in multiple sessions, using color and power Doppler US guidance. Treatment success was evaluated following 3-4 months after PEI by scintigraphy, hormonal status, and US findings. Results: The procedure was technically successful in 39 patients (93%). Three patients were lost to follow-up. Minor complications were pain (all patients), subcutaneous hematoma (n=6), and transitory dysphonia (n=1). A complete cure was achieved in 22 patients (52%), and a partial cure in 10 patients (24%). In 4 cases (9%), the result was unsatisfactory since only moderate hormonal remission was observed. A satisfactory results was thus achieved in 32/42 patients (76%). Significant nodular volume reduction was observed in all cases. Better results were observed in smaller nodules and in cases of autonomous adenomas. There were no cases of recurrent hyperthyreosis. Conclusion: US-guided PEI is an efficient and safe method in the treatment of autonomous thyroid nodules and it enables inactivation of nodules with minimal or transitory complications.