bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 71 Neurocognitive and Self-Reported Psychosocial and Behavioural Functioning in Siblings of Individuals with Neurodevelopmental Conditions: a Study Using Remote Self-Administered Testing
Authors: Wolff Brittany , Magiati Iliana , Pestell Carmela , Glasson Emma 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study compared and explored the neurocognitive profiles of siblings of persons with and without neurodevelopmental conditions (NDCs), and associations between objective test performance and self-reported psychosocial functioning.

Method
Siblings of persons with and without NDCs (64 NDC and 64 control siblings; mean age 19.88 years, range 11–27 years, 73.44% female, 75.78% White Caucasian) completed self-report questionnaires and self-administered computerized neurocognitive tests of executive functioning (EF). Using Bayesian analyses, we examined cross-sectional associations between self-reported psychosocial functioning and cognitive test performance, and predictors of EF over 15 months.

Results
NDC siblings had poorer working memory, inhibition, attention, and shifting compared to controls, as measured by experimental paradigms on the backward Corsi span, N-Back 2-back task, Stop Signal Task, Sustained Attention to Response Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (effect size δ ranging 0.49 to 0.64). Bayesian cross-sectional networks revealed negative emotion reactivity and working memory difficulties were central to the NDC sibling network. Over 15 months, poorer EF (k low test scores) was predicted by negative emotion reactivity, sleep problems, and anxiety, over and above effects of age and subclinical autistic and ADHD traits. Siblings of autistic individuals and persons with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder had higher rates of neurocognitive and psychiatric difficulties than other NDCs and controls (Bayes factors &gt;20).

Conclusion
Neurocognitive difficulties were associated with transdiagnostic vulnerability to poorer wellbeing in NDC siblings. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of remote online cognitive testing and highlight the importance of individualised prevention and intervention for NDC siblings.
B - 73 The Neuropsychology of Resiliency in Elite Solo Classical Guitar Players
Authors: Zillmer Eric A , Tingley Jude , Gupta Sanya , West Ajalon , Vidovic Ana 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Performing world-class solo classical guitar concerts live involves the mastery of complex neuropsychological operations, including a high degree of sequencing, multi-tasking, executive planning, synchronization, motor speed, as well as managing neuro-emotional regulatory processes. The potential for disruptive performance anxiety is often associated with the detection of threat-related stimuli controlled by the anterior cingulate cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and amygdala-visual circuitry. The current study hypothesized that professional solo musicians would be able to successfully navigate these neuro-emotional regulatory processes as assessed by scale N of the NEO Five-Factor Model.

Methods
The NEO-FFI-3 was administered to 22 internationally acclaimed and award-wining classical guitar soloists who are actively engaged in successful recital careers and have graduated from prestigious conservatories including Curtis, Peabody, and Juilliard.

Results
NEO scores indicated low average levels of Scale N (Neuroticism) for this sample. Sex specific differences (36% of the sample was female) were statistically significant. Specifically, women scored higher than men on this dimension of emotional control and stability.

Conclusions
Professional solo musicians must be able to balance the expression of musical emotions with their ability to execute the highly demanding cognitive task of performing live. The difference among women performers on this dimension is surprising and may be related to a different set of perceived entry requirements to perform in this traditionally male dominant profession but may also be related to managing stress differently. Limitations of the study include a relatively small sample size as well as potential cultural influences given that the pool of subjects represented six different nationalities.
B - 74 Using Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory to Investigate the Structure of Executive Function in the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS)
Authors: Furey Rachel T , Bowden Stephen C , Jewsbury Paul A , Sudarshan Navaneetham J , Connolly Madeleine L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate a series of published executive function factor models for the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) and contrast these models with an a priori three-factor model based on Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory.

Method
This was a cross-sectional study using the 16 main achievement scores from the D-KEFS standardization sample, which includes three separate age-cohorts. We aimed to replicate previously reported factor models for the D-KEFS in the 20-to-49-year cohort (N = 361) using the approaches described in the original published studies. We also sought to use confirmatory factor analysis to contrast these models with an a priori three-factor model based on CHC theory.

Results
The previously reported models failed to replicate, despite a large number of iterations, suggesting that these models are not plausible for the D-KEFS. Initial observations indicated an admissible but poorly fitting three-factor CHC model. However model fit was improved by adding correlated residuals for scores obtained from similar tests, reflecting method effects. These methods effects, derived from one sample, replicated in the other two standardization samples. The final CHC model demonstrated good to excellent fit for the D-KEFS in all three samples, and displayed strong metric invariance across the three age-cohorts.

Conclusion(s)
The results highlight the importance of replication in neuropsychological assessment, and show that D-KEFS scores can be interpreted in line with CHC constructs of processing speed, fluid reasoning, and retrieval fluency.
B - 80 The Effects of Psychological Distress and Retention Intervals on the Fading Affect Bias and Response Time
Authors: McCracken Kayla Y , Andrasik Frank , Zhang Jia Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The ability to exert control over memories has substantial implications for cognitive functioning and psychological well-being. This study explored psychological distress as a negatively related unhealthy variable of memory recollection and the Fading Affect Bias based on memory type (negative vs. positive) and retention intervals (within 1 month vs. within 6 months vs. 2–10 years vs. at least 10 years).

Method
Participants completed a series of memory recall, emotional intensity ratings, and self-reported tasks. We conducted frequencies to determine the top reaction time period, and an analysis of covariance to examine the relationship between memory type, memory time periods, and the Fading Affect Bias.

Results
Participants were 50 college-age students. “Within 1 month” for positive memory type (μ = 44,880.74 ms) was the most extensive reaction time. “2–10 years” for both positive (μ = 19,067.50 ms) and negative (μ = 19,303.67 ms) memory types were the most rapid reaction time. “Within 1 month” (+) had the greatest mean decrease in affect intensity with (92.7%) rating neutral to extremely pleasant, and “2–10 years” (−) had the smallest decrease in mean affect intensity with (62.7%) rating unpleasant to extremely unpleasant.

Conclusions
Data suggests that reaction time and the pleasantness of which memories fade may be related to memory type and the time in which they occurred. Data also suggests that the rate at which the pleasantness of memories fades may be related to psychological distress Future research should examine whether sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors are associated with the types of memories recalled and reaction time.
B - 84 Changes in Right Pars Triangularis Network Role and Naming Errors in Post-Stroke Aphasia
Authors: Stoll Harrison , Brecher Adelyn , Coslett H Branch , Dresang Haley , Faseyitan Olu , Hamilton Roy , Harvey Denise , Kelkar Apoorva , Medaglia John , Sacchetti Daniela , Turkeltaub Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The goal of the current study was to further clarify the role of right pars trianagularis (rPTr) in persons with aphasia (PWA) by investigating if the structural changes after stroke are associated with language deficits. We hypothesized that boundary controllability (bc), which measures the capacity of a region integrate/segregate brain regions, would be higher in rPTr for PWA than age-matched controls. We also sought to understand whether different types of naming errors corresponded to bc at rPTr. We hypothesized that bc would relate to phonological naming errors.

Method
We tested our hypothesis in 60 chronic post-stroke aphasia patients and 62 matched controls. All PWA completed the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and the Philadelphia Naming Test (PNT). With PNT data, we calculated the overall accuracy and proportion of error type (phonological, semantic, and mixed).

Results
Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found PWA had higher bc than age-matched controls at rPTr (t(120) = −2.52, p &lt; 0.01). A regression model yielded a statistically significant negative relationship between bc and phonological errors that could not be accounted for by lesion volume (R2 = 0.11, F(1,48) = 6.21, p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate shift in the fundamental anatomical role of rPTr suggests the region becomes more critical for integrating and segregating communication across networks of the brain. Compared to findings in the left PTr in healthy subjects, our data suggest that homotopic recruitment may involve shifts in this anatomical property. and may relate to specific aspects of language processing.
B - 85 Medication Adherence in People Living with HIV: Analyzing Performance-Based Medication Management in Relation to Cognition and Real-World Adherence
Authors: Adam Sajda , Althoff Amy , Dampier Will , Devlin Kathryn , Malone Kim , Nonnemacher Michael , Pirrone Vanessa , Schultheis Maria , Szep Zsofia , Tillman Shinika , Wigdahl Brian 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study investigates relationships among neuropsychological functioning, medication management performance, and viral load in people living with HIV. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment, particularly in attention/working memory, executive function, and episodic memory, will negatively influence medication management and virologic control.

Methods
Participants in this cross-sectional study were 29 HIV+ adults (ages 44–71, 90% Black) receiving cART and enrolled in the Temple/Drexel Comprehensive NeuroHIV Center (CNHC) cohort. Participants completed neuropsychological assessments, Medication Management Test-Revised (MMT-R), and blood sample collection. Linear regression examined cognitive domains as predictors of MMT-R performance. Logistic and linear regression examined cognition and MMT-R as predictors of viral load.

Results
64% of participants had undetectable HIV RNA. The remainder had low-level viral replication. 89% were prescribed one-pill-a-day regimens. Verbal memory was positively associated with MMT-R (b = 0.60, p = 0.023). Neither cognition nor MMT-R were significant predictors of detectable vs. undetectable RNA. Among participants with detectable viral load, higher RNA was associated significantly with poorer visuospatial memory (b = 0.69, p = 0.028) and marginally with poorer performance on the MMT-R daily regimen subscale (b = 0.56, p = 0.094).

Conclusion
Verbal memory was related to better MMT-R performance, but neither cognition nor MMT-R were good predictors of detectable vs. undetectable viral load. However, among those with low-level viral replication, poorer visuospatial memory and difficulty with simple MMT-R items were preliminarily related to higher viral load. Given the small sample, results are limited by low statistical power. Future research will further explore relationships among cognition, MMT-R, RNA, and regimen complexity in larger samples to inform development of tools to monitor adherence difficulties.
B - 89 The Association between Cognitive Ability and Performance Consistency on Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)
Authors: Ikonomou Vasilios C , Meier Lauren M , Wagaman Bailey , Campbell Ivan , Myers Melissa A , Pizer Jasmin H , Hawley Nanako A , Asencio-Ortiz Paola , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the relation between cognitive abilities and intra-individual variability (IIV) on the PASAT.

Methods
205 participants (M = 19 years old, SD = 1.5; 55.1% female, 60% White, 24.4% Black, 6% Asian) completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV), PASAT, Animal Naming, Trail-Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B, and CNS Vital Signs. Normed scores were used for analysis. IIV on PASAT was calculated as the standard deviation around their own mean across four rates of presentation (2.4, 2.0, 1.6, and 1.2 seconds).

Results
Pearson r correlations revealed PASAT total score was correlated with FSIQ [r = 0.56; p &lt; 0.001], Animal Naming [r = 0.27; p &lt; 0.001], CNS psychomotor speed [r = 0.27; p &lt; 0.001], CNS cognitive flexibility [r = 0.24; p &lt; 0.001], Trails Part B [r = 0.28; p &lt; 0.001] and CNS executive functioning [r = 0.22; p &lt; 0.001]. PASAT IIV was negatively correlated with FSIQ [r = −0.46; p &lt; 0.001] and Animal Naming [r = −0.15; p = 0.034]. There were no significant associations between PASAT IIV and CNS vital signs domains or TMT performance.

Conclusions
PASAT total score and performance variability were related to general intellectual ability. Individuals with higher IQ levels were more consistent for PASAT performance and performed better on the task. This is at odds with previous IIV research in health samples where IIV increases with global cognitive ability. Additionally, PASAT IIV was negatively related to Animal Naming performance but not other aspects of executive functioning. This unexpected finding requires further research.
B - 91 Cognition as a Premonitory Symptom of Migraine
Authors: Lacritz Megan , Seng Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Migraine is often accompanied by premonitory symptoms (neurologic symptoms preceding migraine pain) which serve as “warning signs.” Cognition changes are commonly described during the premonitory period (period preceding pain onset). Ecological momentary assessment can be utilized to understand if perceived cognitive changes are a symptom patients use as an indicator of the premonitory period.

Methods
Participants with episodic migraine were recruited through a large urban health system and online advertising (n = 43). Individuals participated in a three-month, three-times-a-day electronic diary answering questions regarding migraine attack symptoms, including perception of being in a premonitory period, and the presence of premonitory symptoms, including “difficulty thinking or concentrating.” The frequency of perceived cognitive difficulties was analyzed during the perceived premonitory period (endorsing “I think I might get a headache”) vs. the perceived interictal period (endorsing “I do not anticipate a headache”). Cross tabs evaluated the frequencies of perceived cognitive difficulties during different migraine phases.

Results
Participants were predominantly White (n = 33, 76.7%), non-Hispanic (n = 33, 76.7%) women (n = 36, 83.7%). Thirty-three participants endorsed subjective cognitive difficulties at least once during the premonitory phase (n = 33; 76.75%). Difficulty thinking and concentrating was endorsed 35.16% of the time when participates also reported anticipating a headache in the morning and only 8.36% of the time when participants reported not anticipating a headache.

Conclusion
Participants perceived cognitive decline as a premonitory symptom. Difficulty concentrating and thinking was endorsed more when participants anticipated getting a headache vs. when not. Assessing subjective cognitive decline as a premonitory symptom can guide individualized interventions for migraine and elucidate the relationship between cognition and migraine.
B - 95 A Case Study of Suspected Klein-Levin Syndrome and Associated Anxiety
Authors: Mullins Teagan , Hernandez-Vallant Alexandra , Burks Alexis , Edwards Katherine , Shendo Macaiah , Decruz-Dixon Naila , Gillezeau Christina , Schodt Kaitlyn , Abrams-Silva Lynette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Neuropsychological assessment of ethnoracially diverse patients can be challenging for various reasons, including limited normative data, differing worldviews, stigma, and mental health service utilization and access. This case study describes the use of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to assist with differential diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

Method
The patient was a 25-year-old Asian and White female who was referred to rule out attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Her history included homeschooling through 8th grade, uncommon sleep disturbances, seasonal allergies, and a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Regarding sleep disturbance, she endorsed monthly episodes of sleeping for up to 12 hours at a time, sometimes sleeping and waking on the floor or elsewhere not in her bedroom. She underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation.

Results
The patient’s cognitive profile was generally intact, with relative cognitive inefficiencies in visuospatial/visuoconstructional abilities, working memory, and processing speed domains. She also endorsed clinically significant levels of anxiety. These findings, in conjunction with family history and sleep disturbance, raised concern for Klein-Levin Syndrome (KLS) and the impact of co-occurring anxiety. A sleep study, educational/vocational accommodations, psychotherapy, and follow up evaluation in one year were recommended.

Conclusion
While sleep–wake disorders and ADHD can co-occur, sleep–wake disorders can be overlooked by mental health professionals, thus increasing the likelihood of misdiagnosis and potential for harm. Adding additional complexity, expressions of psychological distress vary cross-culturally. Taken together, neuropsychological training must include frameworks that attend to cultural and contextual factors. These cases may frequently be seen in the context of educational or vocational concern referrals.
B - 98 Interactive Effects of Sleep Apnea and Depression Symptoms on Cognition in Older Adults
Authors: Overstreet Abigail , Hollander Matthew , Hougaard Ben , Kiefer Jamie , Mo Vennisia , Gomez Rowena 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study examined interactions between symptoms of sleep apnea and depression in predicting cognition in healthy older adults.

Method
From the Memory and Aging Project (Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University, 2019), the sample consisted of 3345 community dwelling older adults including 2552 women (76.3%) and 1093 men (23.7%) with an average age of 80 years. Measures included the Berlin Questionnaire (for sleep apnea symptoms, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and neuropsychological measures of semantic memory, visuospatial ability, and processing speed.

Results
ANOVAs indicated significant main effects of depression on visuospatial ability, processing speed, and semantic memory (p’s &lt; 0.001), and no main effect for sleep apnea. However, when sleep apnea was analyzed between those with any depressive symptoms versus those without, significant interactions were found for visuospatial ability, processing speed, and semantic memory (ps &lt; 0.05). Sleep apnea symptoms had a detrimental effect on visuospatial skills (p = 0.027) only when any depression symptom was present. In contrast, sleep apnea symptoms predicted slower processing speed when depressive symptoms were not present (p = 0.001) Similarly, depression symptoms had a greater negative effect on semantic memory for those who reported no sleep apnea symptoms compared to those who did (p = 0.016).

Conclusions
There seems to be differential main and interactive effects of sleep apnea symptoms and depression on semantic memory, visuospatial ability, and processing speed. Clinicians may need to consider even mild symptoms of sleep problems and depression if they suspect changes in these cognitive domains in older adults.
B - 100 Principal Component Analysis of WAIS-IV Indices with the Serial Digit Learning Test
Authors: Pilavjian Haig , Moses James , Steinbaugh Ashlynn , Vang Lillian , Ellis-Stockley Michael , Tupou Talamahea , Forbes Bradley , Flowers Julius , Murley Rachel , Markiv Yelena , Hirst Rayna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Previous studies have evaluated the construct validity of the Serial Digit Learning Test (SDL) using principal component analysis (PCA; Larrabee et al., 1995; Greenman & Moses, 2016). In this study, we sought to re-investigate the SDL construct using a similar methodological approach with the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-4th ed. (WAIS-IV) and a performance validity measure.

Method
Sample consisted of diagnostically diverse veterans referred for clinical neuropsychological assessment as part of their standard clinical care (N = 411). SDL-8-digit raw scores were submitted to PCA where a forced three factor solution was derived. Those derived factors were submitted to a second PCA using the four WAIS-IV index scores.

Results
The SDL8 solution explained 83% of the variance, and factors reflected early, middle, and late trials. The second PCA produced an unforced four-factor solution explaining 71% of the variance. Excluding loading coefficients below +/−0.3, Component 1 showed loadings on WMI (0.805) and early trials (0.813), Component 2 showed loadings on PSI (0.800) and middle trials (0.789), Component 3 loaded on PRI (0.685) and late trials (0.829), and Component 4 loaded on VCI (0.951) and PSI (−0.348).

Conclusions
These results replicated earlier research demonstrating that earlier SDL8 trials load on attentional/working memory measures and middle trials on processing speed. Unexpectedly, late trials loaded onto the Perceptual Reasoning Index, whereas they had previously loaded onto Verbal Comprehension of the WAIS-III. As these results may reflect the updated theoretical model underlying the WAIS-IV, further research replicating results which incorporated earlier WAIS-III perceptual reasoning (POI) measures is warranted.