bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of target size on vertical gaze palsy in a pathologically proven case of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Seemungal Barry M. , Faldon Mary , Revesz Tamas , Lees Andrew J. , Zee David S. , Bronstein Adolfo M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe document a new oculomotor phenomenon in a patient with pathologically proven progressive supranuclear gaze palsy (PSP), namely that vertical gaze excursion improves with larger pursuit targets. We used computerised video‐oculography during vertical smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) of circular targets of diameter 0.16 degrees and 16 degrees, sinusoidally oscillating at 0.08 Hz (peak‐to‐peak amplitude 49 degrees). Increasing target size improved vertical gaze excursion from 10 degrees to 25 degrees. There was no concomitant increase in slow phase eye velocity. The findings could be explained by a potentiation of the position control mechanism of pursuit by target size due to increased activation of brainstem pursuit‐optokinetic pathways and to higher order attentional mechanisms. This observation may be useful in the clinical assessment of PSP patients with severe neck rigidity in whom the doll's head–eye manoeuvre cannot be performed by comparing the degree of vertical gaze palsy during smooth pursuit testing between at least two differently sized targets and observing whether there is a larger excursion in response to a large target such as a newspaper. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Episodic focal lingual dystonic spasms
Authors: Edwards Mark , Schott Geoffrey , Bhatia Kailash 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe present the clinical history of a woman with idiopathic episodic focal lingual dystonic spasms. Although dystonic spasms of the tongue have been reported as a primary persistent phenomenon and as a feature of secondary dystonias, primary episodic lingual dystonias are rare, tend to be unilateral, and in contrast to most other paroxysmal movement disorders, do not appear responsive to anti‐epileptic drugs. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
An artist's view of drug‐induced hallucinosis
Authors: Ebersbach Georg 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe occurrence of hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease is often related to antiparkinsonian therapy, but other factors such as cognitive decline and sleep‐cycle disturbances are thought to contribute. We describe an artist who depicted her visual hallucinations experienced in the course of Parkinson's disease. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Health status measurement in Parkinson's disease: Validity of the PDQ‐39 and Nottingham Health Profile
Authors: Hagell Peter , Whalley Diane , McKenna Stephen P. , Lindvall Olle 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe assessed the feasibility and psychometric properties of two commonly used health status questionnaires in Parkinson's disease (PD): the generic Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the disease‐specific 39‐item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39), from a cross‐sectional postal survey of PD patients (N = 81), using traditional and Rasch measurement methodologies. Overall response rate was 88%. Both questionnaires were found feasible, although the NHP performed less well. The PDQ‐39 had fewer floor effects and was better able to separate respondents into distinct groups than the NHP, whereas the latter exhibited less ambiguous dimensionality and better targeting of respondents with non‐extreme scores. Reliability and validity indices were similar, and potential differential item functioning by age and gender groups was found for both questionnaires. PDQ‐39 response alternatives indicated ambiguity. With few exceptions, questionnaire scales were unable to meet recommended standards fully. While preliminary, this study illustrates the need for thorough evaluation of outcome measures and has implications beyond the questionnaires used here. Although promising, both questionnaires warrant further developmental work and stronger support of measurement validity before they could be considered fully suitable for valid use in PD, in particular in earlier stages of the disease. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Visual hallucinations as REM sleep behavior disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nomura Takashi , Inoue Yuichi , Mitani Hidetaka , Kawahara Ryuzo , Miyake Masahiro , Nakashima Kenji 
Published: June 2003

AbstractTo clarify whether visual hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, nocturnal polysomnographic variables were compared between a group with hallucinations (hallucinators, n = 14) and a group without hallucinations (nonhallucinators, n = 8). A multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) was performed on 3 hallucinators, and the content of dreams during daytime REM sleep was investigated. The efficacy of clonazepam, a standard treatment choice for REM sleep behavior disorders, was investigated in 8 hallucinators. Nocturnal polysomnograms of the hallucinators showed a higher amount of stage 1–REM sleep with tonic electromyogram (stage 1–REM) than the nonhallucinators, and the reported occurrences of nocturnal hallucinations corresponded with the periods of stage REM or stage 1–REM in most hallucinators. The frequency of sleep onset REM periods (SOREMP) on the MSLT were pathologically high in the hallucinators, and the content of the dreams during the MSLT period was quite similar to their hallucinations. During clonazepam treatment, the frequency of hallucinatory symptoms decreased in 5 of 8 hallucinators. These results indicate that visual hallucinations in PD are likely to be related to a REM sleep disorder manifested as the appearance of both stage 1–REM during the night and SOREMP in the daytime. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Familial influence on parkinsonism in a rural area of Turkey (Kızılcaboluk–Denizli): A community‐based case‐control study
Authors: Duzcan Fusun , Zencir Mehmet , Ozdemir Fatma , Cetin G. Ozan , Bagci Huseyin , Heutink Peter , Bonifati Vincenzo , Sahiner Turker 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis population‐based study on parkinsonism in a genetically isolated community from a rural area of Turkey aimed to provide a selective evaluation of environmental and heritable risk factors. An increased prevalence of parkinsonism (4.1%) was detected in the village of Kızılcaboluk for people 65 years of age and older. This study included 36 patients with parkinsonism living in Kızılcaboluk and three times that number of age‐ and sex‐matched people serving as controls. A questionnaire including demographic data, family history, education, occupation, data on exposures to pesticides, smoking, alcohol intake, and head trauma was administered. We found a significant association of parkinsonism cases with a positive family history in first‐degree relatives (odds ratio [OR], 7.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52–22.17; P < 0.0001) and with pesticide exposure (OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.31–6.69; P = 0.015) compared to the control subjects. The value of genetically isolated populations for the identification of genetic risk factors for common and complex disorders has gained much attention recently because the genetic make‐up of these populations is likely to be less complex than that of the general population and our findings should prompt investigations to the nature of a familial aggregation of parkinsonism in this population. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Normal intracortical excitability in developmental stuttering
Authors: Sommer Martin , Wischer Stephan , Tergau Frithjof , Paulus Walter 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPersistent developmental stuttering (PDS) shares clinical features with task‐specific dystonias. In these dystonias, intracortical inhibition is abnormally weak. We therefore sought to determine intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in PDS. In 18 subjects with PDS since childhood (mean age, 39.4 [SD 13.0] years) and 18 speech‐fluent controls (43.6 [14.3] years), we investigated resting and active motor thresholds as well as intracortical inhibition and facilitation of the optimal representation of the abductor digiti minimi of the dominant hand using transcranial magnetic stimulation. In PDS, the resting and active motor thresholds were increased, whereas intracortical inhibition and facilitation were normal. Normal intracortical excitability makes a pathophysiological analogy between focal dystonia and PDS less likely. The enhanced motor threshold suggests reduced motor cortical neuronal membrane excitability in PDS. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Parkinson's disease is associated with hippocampal atrophy
Authors: Camicioli Richard , Moore M. Milar , Kinney Anthony , Corbridge Elizabeth , Glassberg Kathryn , Kaye Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) may have hippocampal atrophy compared with controls. We compared hippocampal, and extra‐hippocampal volumes between PD, PDD (patients with PD who have mild cognitive impairment or dementia), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and controls using volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants (10 patients with PD, 10 with PDD, 11 with AD, and 12 control subjects) had an informant interview, neurological examination, and psychometric testing. Established, reliable methods were used to measure the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal, frontal, and parieto‐occipital lobes. Correction for intracranial volume was carried out before comparison. There was no age difference between groups (mean age, 74 years). On the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR) cognitive impairment was mild (CDR = 0.5) in the majority of PDD and AD patients. Hippocampal (P < 0.0004) volumes were smaller in the patient groups. Effect sizes compared with the control group were: PD, 0.66; PDD, 1.22; and AD, 1.81. The other volumes did not differ significantly. Among PD and PDD patients, recognition memory (r = 0.54, P = 0.015) and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores (r = 0.56, P = 0.01) correlated with left, but not right hippocampal volume. In conclusion, hippocampal volume showed a pattern (Control > PD > PDD > AD) suggesting progressive hippocampal volume loss in PD. Volumetric MRI imaging might provide an early marker for dementia in PD. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and related disorders in the elderly population of greater Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Xin , Anderson Dallas W. , Huang Jue‐Bin , Li Hui , Hong Xia , Wei Jing , Yang En‐Li , Maraganore Demetrius M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA lower prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been reported for Chinese populations, but it is unclear whether this observation reflects a lower disease risk or is an artifact of case finding. We ascertained the prevalence of PD in elderly residents of an area that was a composite of 27 urban and rural communities of Greater Beijing, China. A team of university neurologists went door‐to‐door throughout the study area, examining 5,743 residents (at age 55 years or older) and made preliminary determinations of which residents had PD or other types of parkinsonism. Final determinations were made after follow‐up and reevaluation of those persons who were either deemed to have parkinsonism or were suspected of having the condition (n = 144; median follow‐up = 40 months). Based on stringent diagnostic criteria, 110 persons were identified to have parkinsonism, of whom 64 (58%) had PD. The prevalence of PD increased with advancing age and was about 1% overall and for each gender. In rural communities, 22 persons had PD, but 20 persons (91%) were first diagnosed for this condition by the study neurologists. The prevalence figures obtained in this study are similar to some of the highest prevalence figures reported in the West. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Locations of movement‐related cells in the human subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Theodosopoulos Philip V. , Marks William J. , Christine Chadwick , Starr Philip A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an emerging target for deep brain stimulator (DBS) implantation for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding the somatotopic organization of the STN is important for surgical navigation within the nucleus. We analyzed intraoperative data obtained during 54 procedures for the implantation of STN stimulators to assess the locations of movement‐related cells. Cells were considered movement‐related if they exhibited modulation of the cell discharge during passive movement of the contralateral upper or lower extremity. Microelectrode track reconstructions were plotted on a human brain atlas, using the location of the DBS electrode from postoperative magnetic resonance images as a registration mark in reconstructing microelectrode track locations. Movement‐related cells were predominantly located in the dorsal part of the nucleus. The majority of the cells were related to proximal joint manipulation. Arm‐related cells were located laterally and at the rostral and caudal poles, whereas leg‐related cells were located medially and centrally. The finding of three or more leg‐related cells on a given microelectrode track was predictive of a medial localization within the motor area. Our findings are consistent with the small number of published studies on STN somatopy in the human and the nonhuman primate. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Models of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Orth Michael , Tabrizi Sarah J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogenous disease likely to be caused by more than one specific aetiological factor. In rare familial cases of PD with similar clinical features to the idiopathic form of the disease, the underlying genetic cause has been identified. These PD‐associated genes have been manipulated to create animal and cell culture models of the disease that have helped to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD, particularly concerning causes of the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons at the molecular level. In addition, these models will aid the future development of rational therapeutic strategies. This study briefly reviews toxin‐induced models and the genetics of PD. It focuses on recently developed animal models of PD, as well as in vitro approaches to model the disease. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Coping strategies for visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Diederich Nico J. , Pieri Vannina , Goetz Christopher G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe assessed the use of coping strategies in Parkinson's disease patients with visual hallucinations, using a semi‐structured questionnaire. We found that 36 of our 46 Parkinson's disease subjects with hallucinations (78%) used coping strategies: cognitive techniques in 69%; interactive techniques in 62%; and visual techniques in 33%. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): Status and recommendations
Authors:   Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe Movement Disorder Society Task Force for Rating Scales for Parkinson's Disease prepared a critique of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Strengths of the UPDRS include its wide utilization, its application across the clinical spectrum of PD, its nearly comprehensive coverage of motor symptoms, and its clinimetric properties, including reliability and validity. Weaknesses include several ambiguities in the written text, inadequate instructions for raters, some metric flaws, and the absence of screening questions on several important non‐motor aspects of PD. The Task Force recommends that the MDS sponsor the development of a new version of the UPDRS and encourage efforts to establish its clinimetric properties, especially addressing the need to define a Minimal Clinically Relevant Difference and a Minimal Clinically Relevant Incremental Difference, as well as testing its correlation with the current UPDRS. If developed, the new scale should be culturally unbiased and be tested in different racial, gender, and age‐groups. Future goals should include the definition of UPDRS scores with confidence intervals that correlate with clinically pertinent designations, “minimal,” “mild,” “moderate,” and “severe” PD. Whereas the presence of non‐motor components of PD can be identified with screening questions, a new version of the UPDRS should include an official appendix that includes other, more detailed, and optionally used scales to determine severity of these impairments. © 2003 Movement Disorder Society
Electromagnetic actuator for generating variably oriented shear waves in MR elastography
Authors: Braun Juergen , Braun Karl , Sack Ingolf 
Published: June 2003

AbstractMagnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a recently developed technique for determining the mechanical properties of biological tissue. In dynamic MRE, electromagnetic units (actuators) are widely used to generate shear waves in tissue. These actuators exploit the interaction between the static magnetic field B0 and an annular coil supplied with alternating currents. Therefore, coil movements are restricted to selected orientations to B0. Conventional actuators transfer this movement collinearly to B0 into the tissue. In this study, an electromagnetic actuator was introduced that overcomes this limitation. It is demonstrated that different directions of mechanical excitation can be generated and monitored by MRE. Different spatial components of the propagation of the shear waves were determined using agarose phantoms. The technique allows maximum contrast for MRE images of objects with anisotropic strain components such as muscle tissue. Magn Reson Med 50:220–222, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusely elevated cerebral choline and creatine in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Inglese Matilde , Li Belinda S.Y. , Rusinek Henry , Babb James S. , Grossman Robert I. , Gonen Oded 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt is well known that multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis continues even during periods of clinical silence. To quantify the metabolic characteristics of this activity we compared the absolute levels of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) in the normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) between relapsing‐remitting (RR) MS patients and controls. Metabolite concentrations were obtained with 3D proton MR spectroscopy at 1.5 T in a 480 cm3 volume‐of‐interest (VOI), centered on the corpus callosum of 11 MS patients and 9 matched controls. Gray/white‐matter/cerebral‐spinal‐fluid (CSF) volumes were obtained from MRI segmentation. Patients' average VOI tissue volume (VT), 410.8 ± 24.0 cm3, and metabolite levels, NAA = 6.33 ± 0.70, Cr = 4.67 ± 0.52, Cho = 1.40 ± 0.17 mM, were different from the controls by –8%, –9%, +22% and +32%. The Cho level was the only single metric differentiating patients from controls at 100% specificity and >90% sensitivity. Diffusely elevated Cho and Cr probably reflect widespread microscopic inflammation, gliosis, or de‐ and remyelination in the NAWM. Both metabolites are potential prognostic indicators of current disease activity, preceding NAA decline and atrophy. Magn Reson Med 50:190–195, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined diffusion and strain MRI reveals structure and function of human myocardial laminar sheets in vivo
Authors: Dou Jiangang , Tseng Wen‐Yih I. , Reese Timothy G. , Wedeen Van J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe mechanism of ventricular thickening in normal humans was investigated using in vivo MRI. The hypothesis that myocardial laminar sheets contribute to ventricular thickening predominantly via sheet shear and sheet extension, as previously found invasively in canine studies at particular ventricular sites, was tested. In normal human subjects, registered images of myocardial sheet architecture and strain at the mid‐left ventricle (mid‐LV) at mid‐systole were acquired with diffusion and strain MRI. Sheet function was analyzed by computing myocardial strain in the local fiber‐sheet coordinates. In general, myocardial sheets contribute to ventricular thickening through all three cross‐fiber strain components: sheet shear, sheet extension, and sheet‐normal thickening (previously undocumented). Each of these components demonstrated substantial spatial heterogeneity, with sheet shear and sheet extension usually predominant in the anterior free wall, and sheet‐normal thickening predominant near the right ventricular (RV) insertions. However, considerable intersubject variability was also found. In all cases, the contributions to thickening of fiber strains were small. Sheet function in normal humans was found to be heterogeneous and variable, contrasting with the uniform and symmetric ventricular patterns of fiber shortening and wall thickening. The study demonstrates that noninvasive NMR imaging is a promising tool for investigations of myocardial sheet architecture and function, and is particularly suited to the evident complexity of this field of study. Magn Reson Med 50:107–113, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel prospective respiratory motion correction approach for free‐breathing coronary MR angiography using a patient‐adapted affine motion model
Authors: Manke Dirk , Nehrke Kay , Börnert Peter 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA novel technique is presented which enables the calibration of a 3D affine respiratory motion model to the individual motion pattern of the patient. The concept of multiple navigators and precursory navigators is introduced to address nonlinear properties and hysteresis effects of the model parameters with respect to the conventional diaphragmatic navigator. The optimal combination and weighting of the navigators is determined on the basis of a principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, based on a given navigator measurement the current motion state of the object can be predicted by means of the calibrated motion model. The 3D motion model is applied in high‐resolution coronary MR angiography examinations (CMRA) to prospectively correct for respiration‐induced motion. The basic feasibility of the proposed calibration procedure was shown in 16 volunteers. Furthermore, the application of the calibrated motion model for CMRA examinations of the right coronary artery (RCA) was tested in 10 volunteers. The superiority of a calibrated 3D translation model over the conventional 1D translation model with a fixed correction factor and the potential of affine prospective motion correction for CMRA are demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 50:122–131, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control characteristics of an automatic matching control system for in vivo EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Hirata Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Yasunori , Takahashi Tatsuhisa , Luo Zhi‐Wei 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA method for estimating the characteristics of an automatic matching control (AMC) system for in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is described. AMC is also known as automatic coupling control (ACC) and is used to compensate for perturbation due to movement of the subject animal. The open‐loop function of the AMC system is derived and the characteristics (gain, phase margin, steady‐state error, system bandwidth, and disturbance rejection) of the system are examined. The proposed method is supported by experimental findings. The frequency response of perturbation due to the movement of an anesthetized rat was measured with a 1.1‐GHz continuous‐wave EPR spectrometer. Disturbance rejection with the AMC system was also considered for respiratory motion and the heartbeat of the anesthetized rat, and these perturbations were reduced by about 40 dB in the power spectrum of the output of the diode detector in the spectrometer. Magn Reson Med 50:223–227, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.