bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social affiliation among sub-adult male koalas in a high-density population
Authors: Watchorn Darcy J. 
Published: January 2025

Koalas are generally considered to be a solitary species. However, during observations of free-ranging koalas in a high-density population, sub-adult males (3.5–5.5 years) were seen engaging in affiliative behaviours, including grooming, genital sniffing, and vocalising. These interactions were exclusive to males of this age group and are likely a result of the unusually high population density. In such populations, where home range overlap is common, these behaviours may help reduce stress, establish dominance hierarchies, and reduce conflict through familiarisation.
Tasmania’s giant eucalypts: discovery, documentation, macroecology and conservation status of the world’s largest angiosperms
Authors: Mifsud Brett , Prior Lynda D. , Williamson Grant J. , Corigliano Jan , Hansen Carl , Van Pelt Robert , Pearce Steven , Greenwood Thomas , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: January 2025

Context Tasmania is the epicentre of the tallest and most massive angiosperms on Earth. Aims To survey Tasmania’s tallest and most massive (large trunk volume) trees. Methods LiDAR and satellite imagery identified areas with very tall trees. Field surveys recorded the geolocation, height, diameter and condition of exceptionally large individuals, and effects of recent fires. Key results Giant trees occur in a band between dry forests and temperate rainforests, with the largest trees in areas with 1000–1500 mm rainfall and 8–12°C mean annual temperature. We documented 18 trees taller than 90 m, and 32 trees with trunk volume of >250 m3. Trunk volume was better correlated with diameter at 10-m height than at breast height, owing to irregularities near the base of large trees. The tallest tree was measured to be 99.6 m tall (now 96 m tall), and the most massive tree had a trunk volume of 460 m3. Most of the largest and tallest trees in Tasmania were Eucalyptus regnans, but occasional individuals of Eucalyptus globulus, E. obliqua and E. tasmaniensis were also over 85 m tall or had a trunk volume of >280 m3. Post-fire surveys highlighted vulnerability of giant Eucalyptus trees to fire, with 60% of the largest known trees killed by fire since 2004. Conclusions The giant trees of Tasmania are of global significance, but vulnerable to a warming, drying climate and associated increase in fire activity. Implications We outline steps for the conservation of giant trees, a task made urgent by climate change.
Dam-induced impacts on the water temperature of the Charef River (north-eastern Algeria)
Authors: Ziouch Omar Ramzi , Dali Naouel , Zebsa Rabah , Daifallah Tarek , Laskri Hadjer , Ziani Chaima , Nouar Rabab , Bensakhri Zinette 
Published: January 2025

Context Dams construction appears to have multi-dimensional effects on the river environment, and it especially affects the thermal condition of rivers. Aims The objective of this work was to assess downstream thermal responses to the Charef Dam in relation to the water flow and the water residence time. Methods During the year 2012, the hydrological parameters upstream and downstream of the dam were monitored. Key results Salinity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water flow all responded similarly, with larger magnitudes in waters upstream of the dam than downstream, whatever the season. In terms of flux, the Charef Dam retains 59 and 56% of the incoming water and TDS fluxes respectively. Furthermore, the upstream water temperature is higher than that of the downstream in 83% of samples. During the dry season, the thermal response of the waters downstream of the Charef Dam can exceed 2°C (downstream cooling). Conclusions Despite being a small dam, the water residence time (2.3 years) in the Charef Dam has a significant effect on the downstream water temperature. Implications These temperature changes may cause significant physicochemical and biological issues. Restoration practices such as increasing discharges during dry seasons and riparian cover restoration could mitigate thermal impacts and minimise negative effects.
Raman spectroscopy investigation of strain evolution in relaxed and pseudomorphic layers of Si0.4Ge0.6 films grown on (001) Si substrates
Authors: Lu Kechao , Lu Yuli , Xia Shunji , Su Zhicheng , Ning Jiqiang , Lu Hong , Zheng Changcheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the laminated strain of relaxed and the pseudomorphic layer in the Si0.4Ge0.6 films grown on (001) Si substrates are studied by Raman spectroscopy. With the SiGe films ranging from 20 nm to 1200 nm in thickness, biaxial strains are revealed through room-temperature Raman peak analysis. Notably, a highly strained layer named the pseudomorphic layer is observed in the 30 nm sample. The peak broadening induced by the scattering of phonons at the thickness of 30 nm suggests dense dislocations at the substrate-pseudomorphic layer interface. The study also finds that the relaxed layer has a much more dramatic relaxation compared to that of the pseudomorphic layer, while the pseudomorphic layer maintains a high degree of strain. These findings contribute to the understanding of the SiGe alloy growth, enhancing the fabrication of intricate SiGe-based devices with improved strain control and relaxation dynamics.
Piezoelectric properties and electromechanical coupling factors of a novel 1–1–3 composite with two lead-free ferroelectric components
Authors: Topolov Vitaly Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A lead-free 1–1–3 composite is put forward for the first time wherein two ferroelectric components (single crystal and ceramic parallel rods) are distributed regularly in a polymer medium. Effective piezoelectric coefficients

d

3
j

∗

,

g

3
j

∗

,

e

3
j

∗

, and

h

3
j

∗

, and electromechanical coupling factors

k

3
j

∗

(j = 1 and 3),

k
t
∗

, and

k
p
∗

are studied on changing volume fractions of the lead-free ferroelectric components in the 1–1–3 composite based on [0 0 1]-poled domain-engineered single crystal. Links between the piezoelectric coefficients and electromechanical coupling factors of the composite are studied in a wide range of volume fractions m of single crystal at volume fractions of ceramic mc
= 0.03–0.10. New m−mc
diagrams show regions of large electromechanical coupling factors

k

33

∗

≈ 0.7–0.9 (longitudinal mode) and

k
t
∗

≈ 0.7–0.9 (thickness mode), as well as regions where conditions for a large anisotropy |

k

33

∗

/

k

31

∗

| ⩾ 5 and |

k
t
∗

/

k
p
∗

| ⩾ 5 hold. The parameters of the novel 1–1–3 composite are compared to those of the related 1–3-type composites subjected to different averaging procedures and a modification of the ceramic/polymer matrix. The large

g

33

∗

,

h

33

∗

,

k

33

∗

,

k
t
∗

, |

k

33

∗

/

k

31

∗

|, and |

k
t
∗

/

k
p
∗

| values of the studied lead-free 1–1–3 composite contribute to its effective use for piezoelectric sensors and transducers operating at longitudinal (or thickness) oscillation modes.
Delayed induced bifurcations and chaos in a class struggle model
Authors: Gleria Iram , Vinicius de Paula Edson , Messias Demitry , Figueiredo Annibal , Rocha Filho Tarcísio M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper we consider a class of struggle models describing the dynamics of labor income and employed population, generalizing the Goodwin model of qualitative studies of economic growth by considering time delays. The resulting model displays a more complex behavior than the original Goodwin model, with periodic and non-periodic oscillating solutions and chaotic behavior evidenced by a positive largest Lyapunov exponent. Chaos occurs above a critical value of the delay, with an intricate dependency on its value, with alternation between non-chaotic and chaotic regimes. This complex dynamics is closer to what is observed in real-world data than the smooth oscillations of the original Goodwin model, as expected since real economic systems do not respond instantaneously to a change in a relevant variable.
Urban farming analysis to enhances sustainable development through the utilization of existing land in urban areas
Authors: Istiqomah N , Asnan Qodri L , Priambodo M P , Yunikawati N A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Urban areas are one of the centers of growth in a region. There are government centers, offices, and dense settlements. This study uses an exploratory qualitative method. Qualitative data is used to find out and find information in actual conditions in real life. The qualitative stage is carried out by in-depth interviews with the snowball sampling method. The study was located at the Gelintung Go Green Urban Farming Village, Purwantoro Blimbing Village, Malang City. The results of this study are that the application of urban farming in the Purwantoro area creates various benefits that are seen from economic, social, and ecological aspects. The implementation of Gelintung Go Green Urban Farming is realized through the development of the younger generation, the development of the community’s socio-economic, the Green Business Movement, and the Water Saving Movement. This study concludes that from an economic perspective, Social, and Ecology. The society of Kampung Gelintung Go Green feels that their economy has improved, especially with the implementation of greening until it is realized as Kampung Wisata Gelintung Go Green, the most basic social aspect of its benefits is the increase in interaction between residents in various places.
Effect of starch and chitosan on the physical and mechanical properties of durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam
Authors: Suryaningsih W , Budiati T , Utami M P D , Dewi A C , Arddiarisca O 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Durian mesocarp cellulose biodegradable foam is an environmentally friendly alternative food packaging material to replace styrofoam. The research aims to determine the effect of starch and chitosan types on the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam. The research method was a completely randomized factorial design with variations in the types of starch (corn, arrowroot) and chitosan (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6%), using analysis of variance and the Duncan Multiple Range mean test. The results show corn starch type has a compressive strength value of durian mesocarp cellulose foam biodegradable products 0.076 N/mm2, lower than arrowroot starch 0.96 M/mm2. The chitosan concentration of 6% produced the best physical and mechanical properties having a water absorption value of 13.55%, thickness of 4.47 mm, density of 0.76 Gram/mm3, compressive strength of 0.79 N/mm2, but had a low biodegradation rate of 9.86%. The combination of arrowroot starch with 4% chitosan produced the best physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of biodegradable foam, having a water absorption value of 12.90%, a thickness of 4.67 mm, a density of 0.66 grams/cm3, a compressive strength of 0.91 N/mm2, and a biodegradability level of 12.90% with an estimated complete degradation time of 76.58 days.
Effect of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method on the characteristics of protein extract from edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Authors: Putri R P , Choirun A , Indis N A , Rusdiarti  , Rakhmadevi A G 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Edamame, a type of soybean, is a promising source of plant-based protein. Protein extraction from edamame was conducted using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method, which utilizes thermal damage to the tissue to facilitate protein extraction with a solvent. Food-grade distilled water was chosen as the solvent, as the protein extract is intended to enhance the nutritional value of meatballs and sausages. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with variations in extraction time (0, 20, 40, and 60 minutes) and pH levels (7, 9, and 11), with each condition tested three times. In the conducted study, it was found that microwave-assisted extraction methods significantly enhanced the quality of protein content from edamame. The thermal effects of microwaves effectively disrupted tissue, facilitating the breakdown of cells and the extraction of valuable components. Our findings showed that protein yield improved with increasing extraction pH, making alkaline conditions—particularly at pH 9—beneficial for maximizing protein extraction. The optimum protein yield of 77.76 ± 0.20% was achieved at pH 9 with a 60-minute extraction time. However, higher alkaline pH levels were associated with decreased protein purity. Consequently, the highest protein content, at 94.12 ± 0.21%, was achieved at pH 7 with a 60-minute extraction time.
Test of the superiority of several soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) pure lines
Authors: Sjamsijah N , Kurniasari L , Rahayu S , Firgiyanto R , Saputra DA , Sabiku DF 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soybeans are a strategic food commodity with increasing demand but production is still low. The aim of this research is to see the superiority of production stability of each Harapan Jember lines. The object of research used genotype of pure lines soybean produced by the main researcher, which is a candidate for a new superior variety with a potential yield. The study used a Non-Factorial Randomized Block Design which only used one factor, namely the soybean pure lines (GHJ1, GHJ2, GHJ3, GHJ4, GHJ5), Malabar and Anjasmoro Variety. Based on the analysis of all tested parameters (number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare, and 100 seeds weight), GHJ4 is a stable and superior line. Although not always the highest in every category, the combination of good results in all aspects makes it a balanced and consistent variety. In addition, its 100 seeds weight is still in the good category, although not the highest. GHJ4 also shows consistency in results across various parameters, including yield per plot and per hectare. These results indicate decent seed quality and good yield potential.
Development of Traditional Indonesian Layer Cake From Pureed Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) And Carrot (Daucus carrota L) as a Highly Nutritious as an Additional Food For Toddlers
Authors: Devi Mazarina , Chintya Paramita P , Nurjanah Nunung , Oktaviantry Dinar Ajeng , Din Norrina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Durch) and carrots (Daucus carota L) are readily available and economical in Indonesia, possessing a high nutritional value, particularly in beta-carotene. Sufficient beta-carotene intake is vital for preventing developmental disorders in toddlers. This study employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to assess the chemical properties of layer cake made with pumpkin and carrot puree, subject to three different treatments involving adding 20%, 30%, and 40% puree, each being replicated twice. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA, followed by a further DMRT test. The results indicated that incorporating 40% puree into 100 grams of layer cake yielded the highest nutritional content: protein at 8.89%, fat at 18.31%, water at 48.18%, ash at 1.15%, beta-carotene at 54.41 g, and calcium levels. Conversely, the carbohydrate content decreased by adding 40% puree, resulting in a carbohydrate level of 26.26%. The highest carbohydrate content was observed in the layer cake with 20% puree added. These findings demonstrate that including pumpkin and carrot puree alters the chemical properties of layer cake, rendering it a beneficial complementary food for toddlers due to its enhanced nutritional profile, which may contribute positively to their overall health, growth, and nutritional status.
Evaluation of Nutritional Composition of Synbiotic Yoghurt from Purple Sweet Potatoes and Fresh Milk
Authors: Fitriyah D , Jannah M , Ayu D P , Warsito H , Werdiharini A E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purple sweet potatoes contain anthocyanin and oligosaccharides. Anthocyanin has a role as an antioxidant, meanwhile oligosaccharides as a prebiotics. Processing sweet potatoes into synbiotic yoghurt is an alternative functional food to repair intestinal microflora and gastrointestinal function. The objective of this research was to assess the nutritional composition of purple sweet potatoes and fresh milk synbiotic yoghurt. Fresh milk was obtained from the Integrated Agricultural Development Unit of Politeknik Negeri Jember. This study is experimental research with 4 treatments. The proportions of fresh milk and purple sweet potato filtrate at each treatment level were P1(1:4), P2(2:3), P3(3:2), P4(4:1). The synbiotic yoghurt was measured for protein, fat, water, ash content, carbohydrate, energy from fat and total energy. The highest protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy from fat and total energy in synbiotic yoghurt was the P4 treatment, respectively (2.6%, 2.2%, 12.9%, 19.98 kkal/100g, and 80.9 kkal/ 100g. The fat content of all treatments was below 2,9%, so it is low-fat yoghurt. The ash content in all treatments ranges from 0.5-0.67 which is appropriate with SNI 2981:2009 standards.
Effect of humidity and temperature on the growth of staple stems of robusta coffee plants resulting from rejuvenation of bp 234 and bp 409 clones in the politeknik negeri jember collection garden
Authors: Hartatie D , Handayani H T , Setyoko U , Hudori H A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growth of tree stems in coffee plants is influenced by one of the microclimates, namely air humidity and air temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of air humidity and temperature around BP 234 and BP 409 robusta coffee plants on the growth of rejuvenated stems. The research method uses a descriptive analysis. Observation parameters include the number of leaf pairs, branch diameter, and plant height. Air humidity and temperature checks are carried out every 2 days (morning-noon-evening) at 5 points. Based on the results of research conducted for 2 months (June-July), the air humidity ranged from 50%-85% in June and 42%-83% in July. Meanwhile, the air temperature in June and July ranges from 27°C-34°C. The observation parameters of the number of leaf pairs, stem diameter, and plant height in June were 86-370 pairs of leaves; 7,73-15,75 mm; 83,33-130,00 cm for BP 234 clone and for BP 409 clone is 117-384 pairs of leaves; 8,90-18,80 mm; 63,75-151,00 cm. Meanwhile, in July, 90-484 pairs of leaves were obtained; 8,28-31,85 mm; 94,33-150,33 cm for BP 234, and BP 409 is 140-420 pairs of leaves; 10,80-22,73 mm; and 93,00-172,50 cm.
Pellet formulation of peppermint essential oil Mentha piperita L as repellent againts Araecerus fasciculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: Zulfadly  , Sjam Sylvia , Melina  
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Araecerus fasciculatus is a pest that can cause damage to various commodities in storage. This pest can significantly impact crop quality and quantity when infestations are high. Mentha piperita L is a plant that contains various bioactive compounds known for their repellent and toxic properties, making it a potential environmentally friendly solution for controlling pests in warehouses. The research aimed to testing the repellent influence of M. piperita essential oil on A. fasciculatus using a pellet media. The research was conducted in the laboratory using a completely randomized design with pellet media and four treatment concentrations: 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, as well as a control, each with four replications. The total number of insects in each treatment consisted of 32 adults. An olfactometer was used for the test, and the repellent effect was observed daily for seven days after the essential oil application. The results demonstrated that M. piperita essential oil, when packaged in pellet media, repelled A. fasciculatus. The highest repellent effect, reaching 86.43%, was observed at a 7% concentration, while the lowest repellent effect, at 1% concentration, was 32.5%.
Effect of Humic Acid and Blotong Aplication on Vegetative Growth of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) Plant
Authors: Sulistyono N. B. E. , Rohman H. F. , Sukri M. Z. , Bintoro M. , Rohman F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chili has high economic value. The increasing demand for chilies in Indonesia leads to an intensification of land use for cultivation, which can lead to a decrease in soil fertility and quality. Adding organic materials such as humic acid and blotong is expected to help improve fertility and land quality. Humic acid showcases a multifaceted molecular arrangement and demonstrates the potential to support biological and physiological mechanisms in organisms inhabiting the soil. Blotong, with its high levels of P2O5, CaO, and K2O, can potentially enhance the nutrients P, K, and Ca. This research was carried out at Teaching Factory Rumah Organik Politeknik Negeri Jember from June to November 2024. This research utilized a non-factorial Randomized Complete Block Design approach, combining humic acid doses of 40g, 60g, and 80g per plant with blotong of 100g, 125g, and 150g per plant. Additionally, a control group received no treatment, resulting in 10 treatments. Each treatment was replicated six times, resulting in 60 experimental units. Parameters observed included plant height and stem diameter. We processed the resulting data using the SAS 9.4 application. The analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant result in the F test at the alpha level of 5%, leading to a more detailed exploration using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The research results indicated that the application of humic acid and blotong resulted in an increase in the height of chili plants during the early vegetative phase, as well as in the stem diameter parameters of the Humic Acid 80 g/plant + Blotong 100 g/plant treatment, which yielded the best results.
Semen quality of Indonesian native rooster with single and multi-strain probiotic dietary supplements
Authors: Ningsih Niati , Yulinarsari Alditya Putri , Dewi Aryanti Candra , Muhamad Nur , Syaikhullah Gayuh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aims was to decide the semen quality of Indonesian native roosters with single and multi-strain probiotic dietary supplements from the Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae families. Twenty Indonesian native roosters were randomly distributed to four experimental treatments with similar energy and protein levels. The treatments are T0: basal diet (control), T1: basal diet with supplementation 1% single probiotic Bacillus subtilis, T2: basal diet with supplementation 1% single probiotic Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and T3: basal diet with supplementation multi-strain probiotics 1% Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Each dietary treatment was replicated five times. In this study, an individual cage equipped with complete semen collection and analysis tools was utilized. The native rooster was given a one-week rest period before the treatment. Semen collection was done using the massage method. The evaluated of parameters included volume, color, consistency, pH, and odor. The data analysis applied one way ANOVA and followed by Duncan if the data significantly different. The results revealed a significant difference (P<0,05) in the semen volume of native Indonesian roosters with supplementation multi-strain probiotics 1% Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The research concluded that the multi-strain probiotics from the family Lactobacillaceae and Bacillaceae can improve the quality of sperm in Indonesian native roosters by increasing the volume total of semen.