bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of L‐[3,3,4,4,S‐methyl‐2H7]methionine for use as a substrate for the methionine loading test
Authors: Hasegawa Hiroshi , Shinohara Yoshihiko , Tagoku Kazunori , Hashimoto Takao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOptically pure L‐[3,3,4,4,S‐methyl‐2H7]methionine (L‐[2H7]‐methionine) for use as a substrate for the methionine loading test has been prepared. The racemic [2H7]methionine was prepared from DL‐[3,3,4,4‐2H4]methionine (DL‐[2H4]methionine) by conversion of the S‐CH3 group to a C2H3 group. The racemate was resolved by stereospecific hydrolysis of the N‐acetylated derivative with acylase. After an intravenous administration of L‐[2H7]methionine in a rat, the concentration of L‐[2H7]methionine and the metabolites in plasma were determined by GC‐MS‐SIM. L‐[2H4]Homocysteine and L‐[2H4]methionine were detected in plasma at 30 min after dosing. These results show that L‐[2H7]methionine was converted by de‐methylation and subsequent re‐methylation to form L‐[2H4]methionine. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of (E)‐4‐[4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐3‐{1′‐(125I)iodo‐1′‐propen‐3′‐yl}‐1‐imidazolidinyl]‐2‐trifluoromethylbenzonitrile: A potential radioligand for the androgen receptor
Authors: Dort Marcian E. Van , Hagen Clarke A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of a novel radioiodinated nonsteroidal androgen receptor ligand (E)‐4‐[4,4‐dimethyl‐2,5dioxo‐3‐{1′‐(125I)iodo‐1′‐propen‐3′‐yl}‐1‐imidazolidinyl]‐2‐trifluoromethylbenzonitrile ([125I]1) is described. In vitro competitive binding studies demonstrated that 1 bound to the rat androgen receptor with high affinity (Ki = 13 nM). No‐carrier‐added [125I]1 was synthesized from the corresponding tri‐n‐butyltin precursor by an oxidative radioiododestannylation reaction with Na[125I]iodide and 3% aqueous hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Subsequent HPLC purification provided [125I]1 in 86‐92% (average = 90%;n = 5) isolated radiochemical yields having >99% radiochemical and chemical purity and a specific activity range of 1574‐1835 Ci/mmol (average = 1733Ci/mmol; n = 3). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rosiglitazone maleate (BRL 49653‐C); the preparation of [14C] and [3H] isotopomers
Authors: Kirefu Tabassum , Landvatter Scott W , Latter Alison J , Lawrie Kenneth WM , Morecombe Donald J , Willcocks Kenneth 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe glitazone insulin sensitisers are an important class of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Syntheses of [methyl‐14C] and [3H]rosiglitazone maleate (BRL 49653‐C), marketed by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals as Avandia® are described. [Methyl‐14C]BRL 49653‐C was prepared in 5 steps in 12.6% overall radiochemical yield from K[14C]CN. Catalytic reduction with tritium gas of a dibromo derivative gave [3H]rosiglitazone with a specific activity of 58Ci/mmol. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of carbon‐14 labelled ampropylfos (1‐[14C]‐α‐aminopropanephosphonic acid)
Authors: Hudson Harry R. , Ismail Fatima 
Published: August 2002

Abstract1‐[14C]‐α‐Aminopropanephosphonic acid, with a specific activity of 1.736 µCi mg−1, has been prepared from 1‐[14C]‐propanal, triphenyl phosphite, and benzyl carbamate by interaction in toluene in the presence of boron trifluoride‐etherate, followed by hydrolysis. The product was shown by single crystal X‐ray diffraction to be structurally identical to an unlabelled specimen. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of several isotopically labeled pyrrolo[1,3‐d]pyrimidine analogs
Authors: Easter John A. , Stolle Wayne T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFour members of a novel class of pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines that show potential for the treatment of asthma and neurodegenerative disorders, have been prepared with radioisotope labels and in one case with multiple stable isotope labels for ADME studies as part of the drug development process. The syntheses utilize an isotopically labeled 2,4,6‐trisubstituted pyrimidine as a common building block, readily prepared from isotopically labeled urea. Cyclizations of the pyrimidine with bromo‐ketones generate the ring fused pyrrolo[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidines with elegant efficiency as demonstrated by the preparation of structures 4, 5, 8 and 12. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 15N‐labelled nornicotine and 15N‐labelled nicotine
Authors: Vo‐Thanh Giang , Felpin François‐Xavier , Nourrisson Gilbert , Trierweiler Michel , Robins Richard J. , Lebreton Jacques 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of 15N‐labelled nornicotine 2 and 15N‐labelled nicotine 1 is described via the reductive aminocyclization of a 1,4‐ketoaldehyde with a corresponding amine in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Yields of 30% and 26%, respectively, were obtained from 3‐bromopyridine. The 15N‐label has been easily introduced from ammonium‐15N‐labelled chloride as an inexpensive label source. As far as we are aware, this is the first synthesis of 15N‐labelled nicotine. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
9th Conference of the Central European Division e.V. of the International Isotope Society
Authors: Andres Hendrik , Sidorov G.V. , Zverkov Yu.B. , Myasoedov N.F. , Cimpoia A.R. , Susan A.B. , Saljoughian Manouchehr , Morimoto Hiromi , Williams Philip G. , Than Chit , Salter R , Moenius T , Ackermann P , Studer M , Morgan A , Chappelle M , Konstantinova Olga V. , Khripach Vladimir A. , Zhabinskii Vladimir N. , Antonchick Andrey P. , Schneider Bernd , Rees A. T. , Colebrook A. , Seidel Dietrich , Rodriguez M. I. , Metz Y. , Voges R. , Kelly Terence P. , Rodgers Thomas R. , Wright Christopher , Kröger Mario , Fels Gregor , Mahnke Marion , Moenius Thomas , Fredenhagen Andreas , Waldmeier F. , Garner R. C. , Langguth Peter , Koggel Annette , Dressler Cornelia , Peinhardt Günther , Spahn‐Langguth Hildegard , von Unruh G.E. , Schnettler R. , Oechslein C.R. , Reinecke H.‐J. , Gay J. , Graffunder H. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract

Title
Author(s)

Tetramethylammonium Tri‐acetoxyborotritide, a Reagent for Hydroxy‐directed Ketone Reduction
H. Andres

Synthesis of Tritium‐labeled Nucleosides with Anti‐HIV and Anticancer Activity
G.V. Sidorov, Yu.B. Zverkov, N.F. Myasoedov, A.R. Cimpoia, A.B. Susan

Tritide Reduction of Nucleosides and Carbohydrates
M. Saljoughian, H. Morimoto, P.G. Williams, C. Than

A New Homogeneous Complex for H/D/T Exchange Labelling
R. Salter, T. Moenius. P. Ackermann. M. Studer, A. Morgan, M. Chappelle

Synthesis of [26‐2H3]Brassinosteroids
O.V. Konstantinova, V.A. Khripach, V.N. Zhabinskii, A.P. Antonchick, B. Schneider

The Specific Activity Determination and Confirmation of Identity of a Radiolabelled Peptide Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
A.T. Rees, A. Colebrook

Different Carbon‐14 Labelling Syntheses of Vardenafil
D. Seidel

Carbon‐14 Labelling of β‐Amino Acids and β‐Peptides
M.I. Rodriguez, Y. Metz, R. Voges

A Rapid Synthesis of 2‐Chioro[2,6‐144C]isonicotinic Acid
T.P. Kelly, T.R. Rodgers, C. Wright

Reduction of 2,4,6‐Trinitro[ring‐14C]toluene (TNT) with Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces Cervisiae)
M. Kröger, G. Fels

Application of Microbiotic Methods for the Synthesis of Radiolabelled Isotopomers ‐ A Review [1]
M. Mahnke, T. Moenius

Screening of Storage‐Stability of 14C Radiochemicals
A. Fredenhagen

Application of AMS for Human ADME
F. Waldmeier, R.C. Garner

Binding Studies for Affinity Screening to the Exsorptive Transporter P‐Glycoprotein: [3H]Talinolol as Radioligand
P. Langguth, A. Koggel, C. Dressler, G. Peinhardt, H. Spahn‐Langguth

Stable Isotopes in Medicine
G.E. von Unruh

GMP‐Trends for Clinical Trial Samples
R. Schnettler, C.R. Oechslein

Changes in Radiation Protection in Law in Germany
H.‐J. Reinecke

Information Systems for Radiation Protection
J. Gay, H. Graffunder
Deterioration of storage phosphor screens with use
Authors: Reinprecht Ingrid , Windisch Manfred , Fahnestock Margaret 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMore than 1000 laboratories worldwide use phosphorimager systems for radioisotopic gel and blot quantification. This method is extraordinary sensitive and has a wide dynamic range, and it is therefore often preferred to conventional film‐based analysis. We checked the accuracy of our storage phosphor screen by exposing the same 32P‐labelled blot in different positions on the same screen. The first exposure took place at the top of the screen, an area used more often; the second exposure at a relatively little‐used area of the screen. As the screens are said to last indefinitely, regardless of how often they are used, we did not expect a difference in the results. In fact, we found a significant impact of the position of the gel on the results. The position that was used more often gave inaccurate results; in contrast, the unused area of the screen gave data that were confirmed by X‐ray film autoradiography. We conclude that, contrary to described properties, a deterioration of the phosphor screens takes place with repeated use. To avoid obtaining invalid data, we recommend frequent checks of the screens. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic 3D MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries in under four seconds
Authors: Goyen Mathias , Laub Gerhard , Ladd Mark E. , Debatin Jörg F. , Barkhausen Jörg , Truemmler Karl‐Heinz , Bosk Silke , Ruehm Stefan G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough 3D MRA has been shown to provide excellent depiction of the pulmonary arterial tree, its clinical use has been limited due to lengthy breath‐holding requirements. Employing the newest gradient generation (1.5 T MR system, amplitude of 40 mT/m and a slew rate of 200 mT/m/msec), we evaluated a technique permitting the dynamic acquisition of 3D data sets of the entire pulmonary tree in under 4 seconds. Coronal image sets were collected using a repetition time of 1.64 msec and an echo time of 0.6 msec, resulting in an acquisition time of 3.74 seconds. Three volunteers and eight dyspneic patients with known or suspected pulmonary embolism underwent MRI of the pulmonary arteries. The pulmonary arterial tree was visible to a subsegmental level in all examined subjects. Regarding the presence of pulmonary emboli in four patients, there was complete concordance between MR angiographic findings and those of corroborative studies. We conclude that diagnostic MRA of the pulmonary vasculature can be obtained even in patients with severe respiratory distress. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:372–377. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton MR spectroscopy in clinical routine
Authors: Burtscher Isabella M. , Holtås Stig 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) addresses metabolic pathways and their steady states in different tissue types. The brain has by tradition, and due to technical limitations in other organs, been one of the tissues most studied by MRS, and both 1H‐ and 31P‐MRS have been used. Although 31P‐MRS is outstanding for the evaluation of sources of metabolic energy in the brain, 1H‐MRS has become the major clinically applied method in neurospectroscopy, as it provides information on markers of neuronal function, myelin, cell membranes, and metabolic active compounds. Furthermore, MR sensitivity is much greater for protons than it is for phosphorus and 1H‐MRS, therefore allowing better spatial resolution. This review focuses on neurospectroscopy and diagnostic insights into diverse neurological problems provided by 1H‐MRS applied as a clinical tool. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:560–567. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic observation of pulmonary perfusion using continuous arterial spin‐labeling in a pig model
Authors: Roberts David A. , Rizi Rahim R. , Lipson David A. , Ferrante Margaret A. , Bearn Lisa , Rolf Les , Baumgardner James , Yamomoto Alvin , Hatabu Hiroto , Hansen‐Flaschen John , Gefter Warren B. , Schnall Mitchell D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe continuous arterial spin‐labeling (CASL) method of perfusion MRI is used to observe pulmonary perfusion dynamically in an animal model. Specifically, a respiratory‐triggered implementation of the CASL method is used with approximate spatial resolution of 0.9 × 1.8 × 5.0 mm (0.008 cc) and 2‐minute temporal resolution. Perfusion MRI is performed dynamically during repeated balloon occlusion of a segmental pulmonary artery, as well as during pharmacological stimulation. A total of three Yorkshire pigs were studied. The results demonstrate the ability of the endogenous spin‐labeling method to characterize the dynamic changes in pulmonary perfusion that occur during important physiological alterations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:175–180. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic efficacy and safety of MRI of the liver with superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SH U 555 A)
Authors: Kehagias Dimitris T. , Gouliamos Athanassios D. , Smyrniotis Vassilios , Vlahos Lambros J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and safety of an intravenous injection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, SH U 555 A, in adult patients with known focal liver lesions. Pre‐ and post‐contrast image sets were obtained in 19 patients after injection of SH U 555 A as a part of a phase III clinical trial (patients <60 kg body weight received 0.9 mL and patients >60 kg received 1.4 mL). Three blinded readers evaluated the post‐contrast images. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded and laboratory tests were performed at baseline, during and immediately after the procedure, and four and 24 hours after the MR procedure. On post‐contrast MRI, there was statistically significant improvement in diagnostic confidence, visualization, delineation, and contrast between the lesions and the healthy parenchyma in comparison to precontrast. Twenty more lesions were detected on post‐contrast images. The management in six patients (31.7%) was changed after post‐contrast imaging. Changes in vital signs and laboratory tests were minimal and did not affect the patients' clinical condition. Only a moderate allergic reaction (diffuse erythematous rash) was recorded. SH U 555 A is an effective and safe contrast agent for MRI of the liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001; 14:595–601. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiological characteristics, risk factors, and clinical manifestations of acute non‐A–E hepatitis
Authors: Chu Chia‐Ming , Lin Deng‐Yn , Yeh Chau‐Ting , Sheen I‐Shyan , Liaw Yun‐Fan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA substantial proportion of acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis was of unknown etiology and was termed non‐A–E hepatitis. Analysis of the clinical features is needed while attempting to identify the causative agent(s). In this study, the clinical and biochemical features of 53 patients who were admitted to hospital with acute non‐A–E hepatitis were compared with a cohort of patients with acute hepatitis C (n = 70) and E (n = 5). In acute non‐A–E hepatitis, the sex ratio was 34:19, and ages ranged from 21 to 76 years (median 49). Biochemical tests [median (range)] revealed albumin 3.6 (2.2–4.4) g/dl, AST 714 (193–2311) U/l, ALT 896 (310–3,000) U/l, bilirubin 11.2 (0.9–36.3) mg/dl, and prothrombin time > 1.1 (0–11.5) seconds. No patients reported parenteral exposures or household contact. Forty‐five percent had severe hepatitis (i.e., albumin < 3 g/dl, bilirubin > 15 mg/dl or prothrombin time > 3 sec), including 3% with fulminant hepatitis. Chronic evolution was noted in 7%. These features were similar to those of hepatitis C or E, except for a significantly high frequency of parenteral exposures (20%), household contact (16%), and chronicity (70%) in hepatitis C. In conclusion, there is no obvious parenteral risk factor identified in acute non‐A–E hepatitis. Clinical severity is similar to that of hepatitis C at least in hospitalized patients, but the rate of chronic evolution is much lower. J. Med. Virol. 65:296–300, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial sequence analysis of indigenous hepatitis E virus isolated in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wang Youchun , Levine David F. , Bendall Richard P. , Teo Chong‐Gee , Harrison Tim J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe first nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus (HEV) acquired in the United Kingdom are described. The sequences are novel and are related most closely to HEV isolated from Greece (Greece 2 strain), consistent with their having been derived from an indigenous European virus. HEV was assumed until recently to be rare in the United Kingdom and other industrialised countries and, consequently, hepatitis E may be under‐diagnosed in industrialised countries. J. Med. Virol. 65:706–709, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of new epidemic strains of influenza B virus by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Nakagawa Naoko , Kubota Ritsuko , Morikawa Saeko , Nakagawa Toshimasa , Baba Koichi , Okuno Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the 1998–1999 influenza season, two distinct influenza B virus Yamagata group strains were isolated from the patients of a private clinic. Each responded differently to monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) 5H4 and 8B3 on staining, and hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing tests. When the analysis of nucleotide sequences was undertaken, the identity of deduced amino acid sequences of the HA1 region was 94%, which suggested that they derived from different strains. They were termed 5H4‐responding strains and 5H4‐nonresponding strains, respectively. The analysis of laboratory‐induced antigenic variants suggested that the amino acid at position 149 is important to the reactivity to 5H4. This residue was “Arg” in 5H4‐responding strains and “Lys” in nonresponding strains. During the 1998–1999 season, a total of 100 influenza B virus strains were isolated and 5H4‐responding strains were the major type (94 strains). In the 1999–2000 influenza season, only two influenza B virus strains were isolated. Neither responded to 5H4. However, analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of the HA1 region suggested that one of the two strains was derived from the 5H4‐responding strains of the previous season. The amino acid residue at position 149 was “Lys” in place of “Arg.” These observations suggested that 5H4‐nonresponding strains will increase in coming seasons. J. Med. Virol. 65:745–750, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TT virus: Preferential distribution in CD19+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lack of viral integration
Authors: Yu Qigui , Shiramizu Bruce , Nerurkar Vivek R. , Hu Ningjie , Shikuma Cecilia M. , Melish Marian E. , Cascio Karin , Imrie Allison , Lu Yuanan , Yanagihara Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contain proviral DNA or double‐stranded replicative forms of TT virus (TTV) and to define which cell subset harbors TTV, we analyzed 126 PBMC DNA samples by PCR, using the NG059/NG061/NG063 and the T801/T935 primer sets. TTV sequences were detected in nearly 20% (25/126) of PBMC DNA samples. Analysis of PBMC subsets revealed that TTV was preferentially distributed in CD19+ cells. TTV DNA was also detected in CD3+/CD19+ double‐depleted cells but was undetectable in CD3+ cells. After degradation of single‐stranded DNA using mung bean nuclease (MBN), TTV could not be detected in previously TTV‐positive PBMC DNA samples nor in DNA from CD19+ cells, CD3+‐depleted, and CD3+/CD19+ double‐depleted cells, indicating the lack of TTV DNA integration and the absence of viral double‐stranded replicative intermediates in PBMC or PBMC subset cells. Our data indicate that PBMC and PBMC subsets are not the major sites of TTV replication. J. Med. Virol. 66:276–284, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection and typing of respiratory adenoviruses in a single‐tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Na Byoung‐Kuk , Kim Jee‐Hee , Shin Gu‐Choul , Lee Joo‐Yeon , Lee Jin‐Soo , Kang Chun , Kim Woo‐Joo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that is capable of detecting and typing six serotypes of respiratory adenovirus (Ad) was developed, using multiple sets of type‐specific primers. The detection of each different serotype depended on distinguishing different numbers and sizes of amplification products on agarose gels following PCR. The multiplex PCR was tested with 26 clinical Ad isolates and other respiratory viruses including influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, and respiratory syncytial viruses as well as respiratory bacterial pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The multiplex PCR for the detection and typing of Ads gave an excellent correlation with the results by conventional typing with type‐specific antisera. This assay may serve as a rapid means of confirming Ad with simultaneous serotype identification of the isolates. It will also have relevance as an adjunctive tool to conventional serotyping for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. J. Med. Virol. 66:512–517, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and evaluation of an internally controlled semiautomated PCR assay for quantification of cell‐free cytomegalovirus
Authors: Tedder R.S. , Ayliffe U. , Preiser W. , Brink N.S. , Grant P.R. , Peggs K.S. , Mackinnon S. , Kreig‐Schneider F. , Kirk S. , Garson J.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractQuantification of circulating human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is useful in clinical contexts such as virological surveillance of bone marrow transplant recipients and monitoring of antiviral therapy. This report describes an internally controlled, quantitative, semiautomated, HCMV genome assay that was developed primarily to measure HCMV DNA in the plasma of severely leucopaenic patients. It exhibits greater sensitivity, wider dynamic range and higher sample throughput than a number of previously described commercial and “in‐house” assays. Viral DNA extraction from EDTA plasma samples was automated using a BioRobot 9604 (Qiagen). HCMV strain AD169 was used to prepare a calibration curve and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) strain Smith was added as internal control to all calibration standards and test samples. Amplification was performed using a set of primers based on the HCMV UL50 region, capable of amplifying both human and murine CMV. The yield of biotinylated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products was estimated using HCMV‐specific and MCMV‐specific enzyme‐labelled probes and automated chemiluminescence detection. Log‐transformed HCMV‐to‐MCMV signal ratios were calculated and used for quantification of test samples against simultaneously extracted MCMV‐spiked calibration standards. Evaluation of the assay sensitivity by Probit analysis demonstrated a 95% probability of detection at 100 HCMV genomes per ml of plasma; the dynamic range was shown to be ≥ 4 log10. A total of 315 samples from 61 bone marrow transplant patients were analysed by both the quantitative PCR (qPCR) and by a previously validated nested nonquantitative PCR (NQPCR). A high level of concordance (90%) was observed between the two assays, although the qPCR assay exhibited slightly greater sensitivity. J. Med. Virol. 66:518–523, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.