bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans-Species Mobility of RNA Interference between Plants and Associated Organisms
Authors: Nien Ya-Chi , Vanek Allison , Axtell Michael J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Trans-species RNA interference (RNAi) occurs naturally when small RNAs (sRNAs) silence genes in species different from their origin. This phenomenon has been observed between plants and various organisms including fungi, animals and other plant species. Understanding the mechanisms used in natural cases of trans-species RNAi, such as sRNA processing and movement, will enable more effective development of crop protection methods using host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Recent progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and long-distance movement of sRNAs within individual plants. This increased understanding of endogenous plant sRNA movement may be translatable to trans-species sRNA movement. Here, we review diverse cases of natural trans-species RNAi focusing on current theories regarding intercellular and long-distance sRNA movement. We also touch on trans-species sRNA evolution, highlighting its research potential and its role in improving the efficacy of HIGS.
Phytohormones in a universe of regulatory metabolites: lessons from jasmonate
Authors: Gasperini Debora , Howe Gregg A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Small-molecule phytohormones exert control over plant growth, development, and stress responses by coordinating the patterns of gene expression within and between cells. Increasing evidence indicates that currently recognized plant hormones are part of a larger group of regulatory metabolites that have acquired signaling properties during the evolution of land plants. This rich assortment of chemical signals reflects the tremendous diversity of plant secondary metabolism, which offers evolutionary solutions to the daunting challenges of sessility and other unique aspects of plant biology. A major gap in our current understanding of plant regulatory metabolites is the lack of insight into the direct targets of these compounds. Here, we illustrate the blurred distinction between classical phytohormones and other bioactive metabolites by highlighting the major scientific advances that transformed the view of jasmonate from an interesting floral scent to a potent transcriptional regulator. Lessons from jasmonate research generally apply to other phytohormones and thus may help provide a broad understanding of regulatory metabolite–protein interactions. In providing a framework that links small-molecule diversity to transcriptional plasticity, we hope to stimulate future research to explore the evolution, functions, and mechanisms of perception of a broad range of plant regulatory metabolites.
Multipotent bone marrow cell–seeded polymeric composites drive long-term, definitive urinary bladder tissue regeneration
Authors: Bury Matthew I , Fuller Natalie J , Wang Xinlong , Chan Yvonne Y , Sturm Renea M , Oh Sang Su , Sofer Laurel A , Arora Hans C , Sharma Tiffany T , Nolan Bonnie G , Feng Wei , Rabizadeh Rebecca R , Barac Milica , Edassery Sonia S , Goedegebuure Madeleine M , Wang Larry W , Ganesh Balaji , Halliday Lisa C , Seniw Mark E , Edassery Seby L , Mahmud Nadim B , Hofer Matthias D , McKenna Kevin E , Cheng Earl Y , Ameer Guillermo A , Sharma Arun K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To date, there are no efficacious translational solutions for end-stage urinary bladder dysfunction. Current surgical strategies, including urinary diversion and bladder augmentation enterocystoplasty (BAE), utilize autologous intestinal segments (e.g. ileum) to increase bladder capacity to protect renal function. Considered the standard of care, BAE is fraught with numerous short- and long-term clinical complications. Previous clinical trials employing tissue engineering approaches for bladder tissue regeneration have also been unable to translate bench-top findings into clinical practice. Major obstacles still persist that need to be overcome in order to advance tissue-engineered products into the clinical arena. These include scaffold/bladder incongruencies, the acquisition and utility of appropriate cells for anatomic and physiologic tissue recapitulation, and the choice of an appropriate animal model for testing. In this study, we demonstrate that the elastomeric, bladder biomechanocompatible poly(1,8-octamethylene-citrate-co-octanol) (PRS; synthetic) scaffold coseeded with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells support robust long-term, functional bladder tissue regeneration within the context of a clinically relevant baboon bladder augmentation model simulating bladder trauma. Partially cystectomized baboons were independently augmented with either autologous ileum or stem-cell-seeded small-intestinal submucosa (SIS; a commercially available biological scaffold) or PRS grafts. Stem-cell synergism promoted functional trilayer bladder tissue regeneration, including whole-graft neurovascularization, in both cell-seeded grafts. However, PRS-augmented animals demonstrated fewer clinical complications and more advantageous tissue characterization metrics compared to ileum and SIS-augmented animals. Two-year study data demonstrate that PRS/stem-cell-seeded grafts drive bladder tissue regeneration and are a suitable alternative to BAE.
‘There’s a little girl somewhere watching us who wants to be a police officer’: Strategies to attract more women into policing
Authors: DeWitt Amy L , Gasparini Janay M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the research was to examine challenges women face in policing that may serve as barriers to the recruitment of other women; identifying challenges is crucial for developing strategies that attract women to the profession. The study employed in-depth, qualitative interviews with 16 policewomen. Emergent themes suggest six initiatives that could aid in recruiting more women: (1) Create recruitment materials that highlight roles that are not gender specific; (2) Provide fitness guidance to alleviate fears of inadequacy; (3) Organize mentorships that engage women interested in the profession; (4) Ensure representation of women in leadership roles; (5) Ensure that leaders identify and address inequities immediately to foster belonging; and (6) Institute family-friendly accommodations that allow recruits to balance work and home life. The officers interviewed reported finding purpose in policing, but they recognized the need to attract women in a concerted effort. Nationwide police departments are challenged to recruit women. Creating images, opportunities, and environments that demonstrate appreciation for women in the profession may aid in recruitment.
The Climate in Climate Economics
Authors: Folini Doris , Friedl Aleksandra , Kübler Felix , Scheidegger Simon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To analyse climate change mitigation strategies, economists rely on simplified climate models—so-called climate emulators—that provide a realistic quantitative link between CO2 emissions and global warming at low computational costs. In this paper, we propose a generic and transparent calibration and evaluation strategy for these climate emulators that are based on freely and easily accessible state-of-the-art benchmark data from climate sciences. We demonstrate that the appropriate choice of the free model parameters can be of key relevance for the predicted social cost of carbon. The key idea we put forward is to calibrate the simplified climate models to benchmark data from comprehensive global climate models that took part in the coupled model intercomparison project, phase 5 (CMIP5). In particular, we propose to use four different test cases that are considered pivotal in the climate science literature: two highly idealized tests to separately calibrate and evaluate the carbon cycle and temperature response, an idealized test to quantify the transient climate response, and a final test to evaluate the performance for scenarios close to those arising from economic models, and that include exogenous forcing. As a concrete example, we re-calibrate the climate part of the widely used DICE-2016, fathoming the CMIP5 uncertainty range of model responses: the multi-model mean as well as extreme, but still permissible climate sensitivities and carbon cycle responses. We demonstrate that the functional form of the climate emulator of the DICE-2016 model is fit for purpose, despite its simplicity, but its carbon cycle and temperature equations are miscalibrated, leading to the conclusion that one may want to be skeptical about predictions derived from DICE-2016. We examine the importance of the calibration for the social cost of carbon in the context of a partial equilibrium setting where interest rates are exogenous, as well as the simple general equilibrium setting from DICE-2016. We find that the model uncertainty from different consistent calibrations of the climate system can change the social cost of carbon by a factor of 4 if one assumes a quadratic damage function. When calibrated to the multi-model mean, our model predicts similar values for the social cost of carbon as the original DICE-2016, but with a strongly reduced sensitivity to the discount rate and about 1 degree less long-term warming. The social cost of carbon in DICE-2016 is oversensitive to the discount rate, leading to extreme comparative statics responses to changes in preferences.
Suvorexant alters dynamics of the sleep-electroencephalography-power spectrum and depressive-symptom trajectories during inpatient opioid withdrawal
Authors: Reid Matthew J , Dunn Kelly E , Abraham Liza , Ellis Jennifer , Hunt Carly , Gamaldo Charlene E , Coon William G , Mun Chung Jung , Strain Eric C , Smith Michael T , Finan Patrick H , Huhn Andrew S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Opioid withdrawal is an aversive experience that often exacerbates depressive symptoms and poor sleep. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of suvorexant on oscillatory sleep-electroencephalography (EEG) band power during medically managed opioid withdrawal, and to examine their association with withdrawal severity and depressive symptoms.

Methods
Participants with opioid use disorder (N = 38: age-range:21–63, 87% male, 45% white) underwent an 11-day buprenorphine taper, in which they were randomly assigned to suvorexant (20 mg [n = 14] or 40 mg [n = 12]), or placebo [n = 12], while ambulatory sleep-EEG data was collected. Linear mixed-effect models were used to explore: (1) main and interactive effects of drug group, and time on sleep-EEG band power, and (2) associations between sleep-EEG band power change, depressive symptoms, and withdrawal severity.

Results
Oscillatory spectral power tended to be greater in the suvorexant groups. Over the course of the study, decreases in delta power were observed in all study groups (β = −189.082, d = −0.522, p = &lt;0.005), increases in beta power (20 mg: β = 2.579, d = 0.413, p = 0.009 | 40 mg β = 5.265, d = 0.847, p &lt; 0.001) alpha power (20 mg: β = 158.304, d = 0.397, p = 0.009 | 40 mg: β = 250.212, d = 0.601, p = 0.001) and sigma power (20 mg: β = 48.97, d = 0.410, p &lt; 0.001 | 40 mg: β = 71.54, d = 0.568, p &lt; 0.001) were observed in the two suvorexant groups. During the four-night taper, decreases in delta power were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms (20 mg: β = 190.90, d = 0.308, p = 0.99 | 40 mg: β = 433.33, d = 0.889 p = &lt;0.001), and withdrawal severity (20 mg: β = 215.55, d = 0.034, p = 0.006 | 40 mg: β = 192.64, d = −0.854, p = &lt;0.001), in both suvorexant groups and increases in sigma power were associated with decreases in withdrawal severity (20 mg: β = −357.84, d = −0.659, p = 0.004 | 40 mg: β = −906.35, d = −1.053, p = &lt;0.001). Post-taper decreases in delta (20 mg: β = 740.58, d = 0.964 p = &lt;0.001 | 40 mg: β = 662.23, d = 0.882, p = &lt;0.001) and sigma power (20 mg only: β = 335.54, d = 0.560, p = 0.023) were associated with reduced depressive symptoms in the placebo group.

Conclusions
Results highlight a complex and nuanced relationship between sleep-EEG power and symptoms of depression and withdrawal. Changes in delta power may represent a mechanism influencing depressive symptoms and withdrawal.
Electronic bills of lading, transnational and English law: blocking the blockchain?
Authors: Krebs Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The dematerialisation of paper bills of lading has been a goal of the maritime trade community ever since the invention of the Internet, though reaching it had recently seemed increasingly unlikely. The development of blockchain technology has given new impetus to this enterprise, leading to UNCITRAL’s Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. The recently passed Electronic Trade Documents Act 2023 implements many of the Model Law’s feature in English law and this may finally make electronic bills of lading a practical and not just a fanciful proposition. It is suggested, however, that the Act can achieve its goals without having to resort to the technology that inspired it – more pedestrian, centralised registry systems might be a safer bet than blockchain, at least for now.
Cercospora sojina Isolates from Kansas Soybean Fields with the G143A Mutation Conferring Resistance to Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicides
Authors: Onofre Rodrigo B. , Neves Danilo L. , Bradley Carl A. 
Published: January 2024

Frogeye leaf spot, caused by Cercospora sojina, is one of the most important foliar diseases of soybean in the United States. Isolates of C. sojina with resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides were first identified in 2010 from Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee soybean fields and since have been found across multiple soybean-producing states. Resistance to QoI fungicides has been due to a mutation in the cytochrome b gene of C. sojina that leads to a substitution of glycine with alanine at position 143 (G143A mutation). Soybean leaf samples with symptoms of frogeye leaf spot were collected from soybean fields across multiple counties in Kansas during the 2022 growing season. Isolates of C. sojina from these soybean leaf samples were tested for the presence of the G143A mutation. The G143A mutation was found in isolates collected from soybean fields in seven Kansas counties, with a total frequency of 84.7% of the isolates having the G143A mutation for QoI fungicide resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Comparing the Performance of World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module in Adolescents to Diagnoses Made by Pediatric Addiction Medicine Specialists
Authors: Levy Sharon , Minegishi Machiko , Brogna Melissa , Subramaniam Geetha , McCormack Jennifer , Weiss Roger , Weitzman Elissa R. 
Published: January 2024

Objectives
The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module (WMH-CIDI-SAM) is commonly used as a criterion standard measure for substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses, although the accuracy of this tool when used with adolescents is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement between SUD diagnoses for adolescents made by WMH-CIDI-SAM and those made by specialists based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) SUD criteria during an SUD evaluation.

Methods
Adolescents aged 12 to 17 years presenting to an outpatient SUD program for youth were administered the WMH-CIDI-SAM by a trained research assistant, and results were compared with diagnoses made by experienced clinicians based on DSM-5 SUD criteria during an initial SUD evaluation. Chance-corrected concordance was estimated using the κ coefficient for the comparisons.

Results
The level of concordance between the WMH-CIDI-SAM interview and the clinician diagnosis based on DSM-5 SUD criteria were fair to moderate for alcohol use disorder and tobacco use disorder and poor for cannabis use disorder. Three of 11 WMH-CIDI-SAM item constructs showed poor concordance with clinician diagnosis.

Conclusions
Interpreting the diagnostic criteria for SUDs, particularly cannabis use disorders, is nuanced, and the meaning of the criteria may be misunderstood by adolescents. Further evaluation of the performance of the WMH-CIDI-SAM diagnostic interview for identifying cannabis use disorders in adolescents is needed.
Comparative Analysis of Instrumental Variables on the Assignment of Buprenorphine/Naloxone or Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Homayra Fahmida , Enns Benjamin , Min Jeong Eun , Kurz Megan , Bach Paxton , Bruneau Julie , Greenland Sander , Gustafson Paul , Karim Mohammad Ehsanul , Korthuis P. Todd , Loughin Thomas , MacLure Malcolm , McCandless Lawrence , Platt Robert William , Schnepel Kevin , Shigeoka Hitoshi , Siebert Uwe , Socias Eugenia , Wood Evan , Nosyk Bohdan 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Instrumental variable (IV) analysis provides an alternative set of identification assumptions in the presence of uncontrolled confounding when attempting to estimate causal effects. Our objective was to evaluate the suitability of measures of prescriber preference and calendar time as potential IVs to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods:
Using linked population-level health administrative data, we constructed five IVs: prescribing preference at the individual, facility, and region levels (continuous and categorical variables), calendar time, and a binary prescriber’s preference IV in analyzing the treatment assignment–treatment discontinuation association using both incident-user and prevalent-new-user designs. Using published guidelines, we assessed and compared each IV according to the four assumptions for IVs, employing both empirical assessment and content expertise. We evaluated the robustness of results using sensitivity analyses.

Results:
The study sample included 35,904 incident users (43.3% on buprenorphine/naloxone) initiated on opioid agonist treatment by 1585 prescribers during the study period. While all candidate IVs were strong (A1) according to conventional criteria, by expert opinion, we found no evidence against assumptions of exclusion (A2), independence (A3), monotonicity (A4a), and homogeneity (A4b) for prescribing preference-based IV. Some criteria were violated for the calendar time-based IV. We determined that preference in provider-level prescribing, measured on a continuous scale, was the most suitable IV for comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone and methadone for the treatment of OUD.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that prescriber’s preference measures are suitable IVs in comparative effectiveness studies of treatment for OUD.
Novel Identification of Cysteinyl Derivatives of Toxic Clozapine Nitrenium Ions and the Effect of Valproic Acid on Metabolite Formation: A Study Using Reprocessed High-Resolution Mass Spectra of Analyzed Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Samples
Authors: Wollmann Birgit M. , Haugen Aina G. , Smith Robert L. , Molden Espen 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Clozapine (CLZ) use is hampered by the risk of granulocyte toxicity, which is associated with the formation of nitrenium ions and the concurrent use of valproic acid (VPA). These highly reactive nitrenium ions cannot be measured in vivo. Instead, deactivated cysteinyl conjugates may potentially be detected. The aim of this study was to develop a novel method for identifying cysteinylated derivates of CLZ nitrenium ions to investigate the effect of VPA on their formation using therapeutic drug monitoring data.

Methods:
A population comprising 93 VPA comedicated and 162 control patients from a therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service in Oslo, Norway, was included. Reprocessing of ultraperformance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectra (UHPLC-HR-MS) of previously analyzed TDM samples, combined with the assessment of MS/MS fragmentation patterns, was performed to identify the CLZ cysteinyl conjugates. Smoking, which induces CLZ metabolism, was assessed by detecting cotinine in the reprocessed mass spectra.

Results:
By reprocessing the UHPLC-HR-MS files of the TDM analyses and reviewing the MS/MS fragment profiles, four cysteinyl conjugates of CLZ were identified. The formations of CLZ cysteinyl (CLZ-Cys1+) and CLZ-N-oxide cysteinyl (CLZ-NOX-Cys1+) were 1.5-fold (P = 0.038) and 2.1-fold (P < 0.001) higher in VPA-treated patients than those in the controls. In agreement with previous studies, a 45% reduction in N-desmethylclozapine formation was observed in VPA-treated patients (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
A novel method for detecting cysteinyl conjugates of CLZ was developed. Application of this method indicated that VPA significantly increased the formation of CLZ-Cys1+ metabolites, which might explain the granulocyte toxicity reported after adding VPA to CLZ treatment. The developed method opens new avenues for investigating CLZ toxicity, e.g. by correlating cysteinyl conjugates and granulocyte counts in patients.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Concentrations and Concentration-To-Dose Ratios of Trazodone
Authors: Song Yang , Chang Luyao , Lun Yang , Chen Chaoli , Fu Ran , Wang Donghan , Zhou Chunhua 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Trazodone is prescribed for several clinical conditions. Multiple factors may affect trazodone to reach its therapeutic reference range. The concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio can be used to facilitate the therapeutic drug monitoring of trazodone. The study aimed to investigate factors on the concentrations and C/D ratio of trazodone.

Methods:
This study analyzed the therapeutic drug monitoring electronic case information of inpatients in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from October 2021 to July 2023. Factors that could affect the concentrations and C/D ratio of trazodone were analyzed, including body mass index, sex, age, smoking, drinking, drug manufacturers, and concomitant drugs.

Results:
A total of 255 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 52.44 years, and 142 (55.69%) were women. The mean dose of trazodone was 115.29 mg. The mean concentration of trazodone was 748.28 ng/mL, which was in the therapeutic reference range (700–1000 ng/mL). 50.20% of patients reached the reference range, and some patients (36.86%) had concentrations below the reference range. The mean C/D ratio of trazodone was 6.76 (ng/mL)/(mg/d). A significant positive correlation was found between daily dose and trazodone concentrations (r2 = 0.2885, P < 0.001). Trazodone concentrations were significantly affected by dosage, sex, smoking, drinking, and concomitant drugs of duloxetine or fluoxetine. After dosage emendation, besides the above factors, it was influenced by age (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, or P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
This study identified factors affecting trazodone concentrations and C/D ratio. The results can help clinicians closely monitor patients on trazodone therapy and maintain concentrations within the reference range.