bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Reitsamer Roland , Peintinger Florentia , Rettenbacher Lukas , Prokop Eva 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate method for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and the feasibility of SLNB in breast cancer patients who had received preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy.MethodsPatients with advanced breast cancer stage II or III who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in the study. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification and biopsy was attempted and performed, and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was performed in the same surgical procedure after SLNB. The histopathologic examination of the SLNs and the dissected axillary lymph nodes was performed and nodal status was compared.ResultsThirty patients were included in the study. After peritumoural injection of technetium‐99m labelled human albumin and subareolar subcutaneous injection of blue dye, the SLNs could be identified in 26/30 patients (identification rate 86.7%). In 4/30 patients (13.3%) SLNs could not be identified. In 25/26 patients (96.2%) SLNs accurately predicted the axillary status. Eleven patients had negative SLNs and negative nodes in ALND. Six patients had positive SLNs and positive nodes in ALND. In eight patients SLNs only were positive and nodes in ALND were negative. One patient had a false‐negative SLNB, calculating a false‐negative rate of 6.7% (1/15).ConclusionsSLNB is a well introduced technique for axillary staging in patients with early breast cancer. The accuracy of SLNB after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is similar to patients with primary surgery. SLNB could be an alternative to ALND in a subgroup of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and therefore could reduce morbidity due to surgery in those patients. Due to small numbers of patients, further evaluation in this subset of patients is required. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:63–67. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential diagnosis of gallbladder cancer using positron emission tomography with fluorine‐18‐labeled fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG‐PET)
Authors: Koh Toshimori , Taniguchi Hiroki , Yamaguchi Akihiro , Kunishima Satoshi , Yamagishi Hisakazu 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine‐18‐labeled fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG) in the preoperative differential diagnosis of gallbladder tumors. We performed PET studies of gallbladder tumors in order to predict the malignancy of these tumors preoperatively.MethodsSixteen patients who had protuberant lesions in the gallbladder and who were scheduled to undergo surgery were studied with PET using FDG. Focally increased FDG uptake in the gallbladder region was considered malignant. The FDG‐PET findings were compared with the histological findings of surgical pathology.ResultsSensitivity of FDG‐PET was 75% (6/8 patients). One of two false‐negative cases suffered from diabetes mellitus, and in the other case, the lesion was small. Specificity was 87.5% (7/8 patients). A case with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) was the only false‐positive case.ConclusionsFDG‐PET may be able to provide important information for evaluating the malignancy of gallbladder tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:74–81. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunohistochemical study of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ajisaka Hideyuki , Shimizu Koichi , Miwa Koichi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesProtein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA‐II) has been used as a tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we examined the expressions of PIVKA‐II in HCC tissues.MethodsExpression of PIVKA‐II in HCC was evaluated with the avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex method. Paraffin‐embedded HCC tissues obtained from 48 patients were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using the anti‐PIVKA‐II antibody monoclonal antibody (MU‐3) (Eisai, Tokyo, Japan).ResultsThe tissue PIVKA‐II positivity rate of 12/23 (52.2%) in HCC with vascular infiltration was significantly higher than the rate of 4/25 (16.0%) in HCC without such infiltration. Further, the tissue PIVKA‐II positivity rate of 13/28 (46.4%) in HCC of tumor stage III or IV was significantly higher than the rate of 3/20 (6.0%) in HCC of tumor stage I or II. Overall survival rate tended to be lower in the tissue‐PIVKA‐II‐positive than ‐negative patients.ConclusionsPIVKA‐II may play an important role in progression of HCC and is useful not only as a tumor marker but also as a prognostic factor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2003;84:89–93. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An inverse problem for an inhomogeneous string with an interval of zero density
Authors: Mennicken Reinhard , Pivovarchik Vyacheslav 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn the present paper we characterize the spectrum of small transverse vibrations of an inhomogeneous string with the left end fixed and the right one moving with damping in the direction orthogonal to the equilibrium position of the string. The density of the string is supposed to be smooth and strictly positive everywhere except of an interval of zero density at the right end. Sufficient (close to the necessary) conditions are given for a sequence of complex numbers to be the spectrum of such a string. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence and high regularity of the solution of a nonlinear parabolic problem with algebraic‐differential boundary conditions
Authors: Moroşanu Gh. , Wendland W. L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn this paper we investigate a nonlinear 1D parabolic problem with algebraic‐differential boundary conditions. Existence, uniqueness and higher regularity of the solution is proved. It is shown that actually any regularity can be obtained provided that appropriate smoothness of the data and compatibility assumptions are required. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, strongly suppresses growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Donadelli Massimo , Costanzo Chiara , Faggioli Laura , Scupoli Maria Teresa , Moore Patrick S. , Bassi Claudio , Scarpa Aldo , Palmieri Marta 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn cells with an altered p53 gene, the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1, a potent inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases, can be induced by histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors via a p53‐independent pathway, which may play a critical role in arrest of cell growth. Accordingly, HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A (TSA) have potential utility in pancreatic cancer, as most of these tumors possess mutations in p53, which in fact is the main cause of chemoresistance to 5‐fluorouracil. We have analyzed the effect of TSA on the proliferation of nine pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, all containing a mutated p53 gene. TSA strongly inhibited the cellular growth of all these cell lines at submicromolar concentrations. The cellular mechanisms underlying this effect consisted of cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase and apoptotic cell death. The expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 normally induced at the transcriptional level by p53 was also strongly activated by TSA. These findings suggest that inhibitors of HDAC may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of pancreatic cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mission attachment and satisfaction as factors in employee retention
Authors: Brown William A. , Yoshioka Carlton F. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractNonprofit organizations rely on the mission to attract resources and guide decision making. Increasingly,
mission statements are recognized as a strong management tool that can motivate employees and keep them focused
on the organization's purpose. This research investigated employee attitudes toward the mission in a youth
and recreation service organization. In general, the employees expressed positive attitudes toward the
organization's mission, and those attitudes were related to employee satisfaction and intentions to remain
with the organization. However, dissatisfaction with pay tended to override employee's mission attachment as
explanation of why they may leave the organization. The implication is that mission might be salient in
attracting employees but less effective in retaining them.
Welfare reform and the future of nonprofit organizations
Authors: Reisch Michael , Sommerfeld David 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis article discusses implications of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
(PRWORA) for nonprofit social service organizations. We emphasize their role in the contemporary social
safety net in relation to the public sector. Based on a study of ninety organizations operating in the Detroit
metropolitan area, we adopted the supplementary, complementary, and adversarial framework from Young
(1999) to assess the complex and evolving relationship between the nonprofit and public sectors in the
post‐PRWORA era. The findings indicate a clear presence of all three perspectives; however, the
continued shifting of responsibility for social services to private, nonprofit organizations suggests a growing
dominance of the supplementary role. This raises concerns regarding future nonprofit capacity and other potential
costs of nonprofit sector service provision.
Successful collaboration between the nonprofit and public sectors
Authors: Shaw Mary M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPublic and private funding sources often require nonprofit organizations to provide evidence of partnership
with a governmental entity before financing a project. However, the circumstances under which working
partnerships between the nonprofit and public sectors are forged and sustained have not been fully studied. This
article presents the findings of a case study of land trusts and local governments and identifies conditions
that foster successful collaboration. Social factors such as experience on the part of key personnel in working
with the opposite entity and genuine affection for each other are more important than economic benefits. This
suggests that a nonprofit agency interested in creating a viable partnership to improve a project should give
careful consideration to assigning staff.
A qualitative analysis of social concerns of women with ovarian cancer
Authors: Ferrell Betty R. , Smith Stephany L. , Ervin Kate S. , Itano Jennifer , Melancon Cindy 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA diagnosis of ovarian cancer requires a woman to reevaluate her interactions with family, friends, and employers, and cope with unexpected and unwanted changes in areas spanning from financial stability to sexuality and fertility. Social well‐being is the aspect of a patient's overall quality of life that encompasses these topics, as it has evolved to represent activities related to roles and relationships at work and at home. The purpose of this study was to explore the social well‐being of women with ovarian cancer to better define their needs for the health care community. Data consisted of all correspondence (n=21,806) sent to ‘Conversations!: The newsletter for those fighting ovarian cancer’ by women with ovarian cancer from 1994 to 2000. Using ethnographic, qualitative research methods, statements related to the impact of disease were bracketed and coded within physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains according to the City of Hope Quality of Life Ovarian Cancer Instrument. Comments reflecting social well‐being were categorized in sub‐themes and reviewed for content. Statements related to social support were most common (n=251) reflecting the need for support from family, friends, and other women with ovarian cancer. Distress regarding the genetic association of the disease comprised a major theme (n=73). Family relationships were also discussed (n=146) in light of the stress of changing roles and relationships at home. Issues related to employment and returning to work (n=74) focused on both the difficulties in taking time off work to receive treat‐ment and sense of achievement felt upon returning to work and regaining normalcy. The themes identified in this study challenge healthcare professionals to provide increased disease‐specific support, as well as concomitant sup‐port for husbands/partners and children of patients. Additional information on genetic testing and counseling for women at‐risk due to a family history of ovarian cancer is also needed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long term benefits of communication skills training for cancer doctors
Authors: Finset Arnstein , Ekeberg Øivind , Eide Hilde , Aspegren Knut 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjective. To assess satisfaction and learning accomplishments after communication skills training courses for cancer doctors in the Nordic countries.Method. 155 physicians from the five Nordic countries participated in a communication skills training course. Questionnaires were completed at baseline, at course completion and at follow‐up after 2 to 6 years.Results. 94% of the physicians indicated satisfaction with the course. Physicians who had participated in the whole course (as opposed to those who had participated only in parts of the course) and physicians from Denmark and Sweden were most satisfied with the course. Whereas physicians at baseline most frequently reported a need to learn specific aspects of communication, often with emphasis on psychiatric problems, at follow‐up they most typically reported that they had learnt basic communication skills (i.e. to listen and to pose open‐ended questions). The majority of the physicians reported at follow‐up that they applied the learnt skills to patient‐related work, in relation to colleagues and on a personal level.Conclusion. Communication skills courses for senior clinicians with no previous formal training in this field should emphasise basic communication skills as well as the handling of difficult situations in doctor–patient interaction. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer patients consultation patterns in primary care and levels of psychological morbidity: Findings from the Health Survey for England
Authors: Allgar Victoria L. , Neal Richard D. , Pascoe Shane W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAim. To determine the consultations patterns in general practice, for people with cancer and other chronic illnesses, and to assess the levels of psychological morbidity.Methods. The following questions from the 1999 Health Survey for England were analysed: presence of a self‐reported long‐standing illness and its nature, numbers of contacts with general practitioner (GP) in the previous 2 weeks, contact with a GP in the previous year for anxiety/depression or a mental, nervous or emotional problem, presence of a self‐reported long‐standing illness of mental illness, anxiety or depression, and GHQ12 scores. For comparison purposes, data from respondents reporting having asthma, arthritis, diabetes, other long‐standing illness, and no long‐standing illness are presented.Results. A third of respondents with cancer had contact with a GP in the last 2 weeks, which was slightly higher than the other illness group, however the pattern of attendances for those respondents who did consult were similar between groups. A quarter of people with cancer had spoken to a GP in the last year about being anxious/depressed, or about a mental, nervous or emotional problem. A third of cancer respondents reported high GHQ12 scores, but self‐reported long‐standing illness of ‘mental illness/anxiety/depression’ was low (4%).Conclusion. The findings suggest that psychological morbidity may be unrecognised in some cancer patients. There is potential for these symptoms to be identified and treated in primary care, especially given the ongoing nature of the patient–doctor relationship and the easy access primary care affords. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Symptom prevalence, distress, and change over time in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer
Authors: Cooley Mary E. , Short Thomas H. , Moriarty Helene J. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAdequate management of symptoms in adults with lung cancer is an important focus for clinical interventions. Knowledge of symptom prevalence and distress can be used to develop empirically based interventions that can potentially reduce distressing symptoms and improve quality of life. The purposes of this study were to describe which symptoms are most distressing, describe the prevalence of symptoms in adults receiving treatment for lung cancer, identify how symptoms change over time, and identify patient‐related and clinical characteristics related to symptom distress. Data were available from 117 patients. Fatigue and pain were the most distressing symptoms for each group and at each time. Significant differences in distressing symptoms among the treatment groups were noted for nausea, fatigue, bowel pattern, and concentration at entry into the study and difficulty with appetite at 6 months. Many of the individual symptoms demonstrated a decrease in distress from 0 to 3 months and then an increase in distress levels from 3 to 6 months. Many of the individual symptoms were associated with demographic covariates and treatment group values but no consistent pattern emerged over time except for baseline symptom distress. Symptom distress at entry to the study was a strong predictor of nine distressing symptoms at 3 months and seven distressing symptoms at 6 months. Questionnaires such as the SDS may be useful as screening instruments to target those who need more intensive interventions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Caregiving for women with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Coristine Marjorie , Crooks Dauna , Grunfeld Eva , Stonebridge Carole , Christie Anne 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAim: To describe the psychosocial impact on caregivers of caring for women with advanced breast cancer.Methods: Five focus groups were held with bereaved caregivers. Qualitative content analysis of the transcripts was conducted to identify emerging themes.Results: Two categories of caregivers were identified: spouse caregivers (SCGs) and non‐spouse caregivers (NSCGs), who were either close friends or relatives. SCGs and the patient managed care cooperatively and shared care‐related decision making. Working SCGs managed multiple roles but employers gave them support and freedom to take the time that was necessary to care for their wives. NSCGs had the most life roles to manage, and saw themselves as agents for the patient. The terminal phase of disease was most burdensome for all caregivers, although NSCGs had the most difficulties. During this phase, the patients' activities of daily living became much more impaired. In addition, some patients were not willing to receive continence support from caregivers, and some caregivers found that they could not provide continence support. SCGs were able to negotiate these care‐related roles with their spouse, but NSCGs struggled to satisfy the wishes of the patient.Conclusion: Caregivers assume great responsibility for providing care, particularly during the terminal phase. Caregiving becomes more complex with each additional life role of the caregiver. SCGs have two advantages: (1) living with the patient facilitates caregiving and (2) patterns of decision making that were established previous to the illness facilitated shared decision making between the patient and spouse caregiver. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of question wording on assessments of interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk
Authors: Bottorff Joan L. , Ratner Pamela A. , Richardson Chris , Balneaves Lynda G. , McCullum Mary , Hack Tom , Chalmers Karen , Buxton Jane 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the results of different measures of interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk. A telephone survey of a random sample of women without breast cancer was conducted in British Columbia, Canada. Interest in genetic testing for breast cancer risk was measured in three ways: (1) an unprompted assessment of interest, (2) assessment of interest when prompted with a hypothetical offer of testing, and (3) assessment of interest when provided with supplementary information. Substantial differences in reported levels of interest in genetic testing were observed across the different assessment approaches, with the unprompted assessment of interest resulting in lowest levels of interest. The highest levels of interest were observed when the assessment of interest was prompted with a hypothetical offer of testing. Factors predicting interest in genetic testing varied depending on the assessment measure used. These findings suggest that more attention must be given to measurement issues, including complete reporting of measures used in research, development of standardized approaches to assessing interest in genetic testing, and more rigorous psychometric evaluations of measures of interest in genetic testing. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What to synthesize? from Emil Fischer to peptidomics
Authors: Ivanov Vadim T. , Blishchenko Elena Yu. , Sazonova Olga V. , Karelin Andrey A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe driving forces, incentives and strategic targets of peptide synthesis have undergone considerable evolution during the centenary following the pioneer work of Emil Fischer. In those days peptide synthesis was considered as a way of confirming the polypeptide theory of protein structure. The scientific community also expected (naively) that the synthesis would eventually lead to the creation of artificial living organisms. Only in the 1950s, when the first exact amino acid sequences were established did peptide chemistry obtain firmer ground and clearly defined targets. The total synthesis of peptide hormones and antibiotics became possible, providing valuable material for elucidating structure–functional relationships and the mechanisms of biological action. In the following years the number of peptides isolated from various biological sources grew with impressive speed and peptides became known as the most abundant, ubiquitous group of low molecular bioregulators. The design and synthesis of novel peptide based pharmaceuticals became an important area of peptide chemistry. At present we are facing the challenge of analysing the structures and bioactivities of total sets of peptides, i.e. peptidoms, present in concrete tissues or groups of cells. The results obtained along these lines at the IBCH RAS Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry are briefly considered in the review. Copyright © 2003 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model analysis of time‐dependent stresses and deformations of structural concrete
Authors: Elbadry Mamdouh M , Youakim Samer A , Ghali Amin 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a model method for predicting the immediate and time‐dependent strains and stresses in concrete structures with or without prestressing. The time‐dependent parameters that enter the analysis include creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of the prestressing reinforcement. The method is based on analysis of strain distribution in individual sections by satisfying equilibrium and compatibility. The method presented is comprehensive; it applies to concrete structures reinforced with steel or fibre‐reinforced polymers, and to composite sections comprising concrete and structural steel parts. Calculation of the central deflection and end rotations of a straight member from curvature values at a number of equally spaced sections is illustrated. Available computer programs for use in the time‐dependent analysis are briefly described. The analysis steps are demonstrated by a flowchart and by numerical examples. The model analysis is verified by comparisons with published experimental results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.