bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brainstem periaqueductal gray using spectral registration
Authors: Sirucek Laura , Zoelch Niklaus , Schweinhardt Petra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeFunctional understanding of the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a clinically relevant brainstem region, can be advanced using 1H‐MRS. However, the PAG's small size and high levels of physiological noise are methodologically challenging. This study aimed to (1) improve 1H‐MRS quality in the PAG using spectral registration for frequency and phase error correction; (2) investigate whether spectral registration is particularly useful in cases of greater head motion; and (3) examine metabolite quantification using literature‐based or individual‐based water relaxation times.MethodsSpectra were acquired in 33 healthy volunteers (50.1 years, SD = 17.19, 18 females) on a 3 T Philipps MR system using a point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence optimized with very selective saturation pulses (OVERPRESS) and voxel‐based flip angle calibration (effective volume of interest size: 8.8 × 10.2 × 12.2 mm3). Spectra were fitted using LCModel and SNR, NAA peak linewidths and Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) were measured after spectral registration and after minimal frequency alignment.ResultsSpectral registration improved SNR by 5% (p = 0.026, median value post‐correction: 18.0) and spectral linewidth by 23% (p < 0.001, 4.3 Hz), and reduced the metabolites' CRLBs by 1% to 15% (p < 0.026). Correlational analyses revealed smaller SNR improvements with greater head motion (p = 0.010) recorded using a markerless motion tracking system. Higher metabolite concentrations were detected using individual‐based compared to literature‐based water relaxation times (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates high‐quality 1H‐MRS acquisition in the PAG using spectral registration. This shows promise for future 1H‐MRS studies in the PAG and possibly other clinically relevant brain regions with similar methodological challenges.
Impact of consumer foresight on efficient overselling
Authors: Yu Man , Lim Wei Shi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOverselling is commonly adopted in the travel and hospitality sectors where a good or service is sold in excess of actual supply. We examine the impact of consumer foresight on efficient overselling when there are two dimensions of uncertainty, namely, early consumers are uncertain about their service valuations and the seller is uncertain about late demand arrival. We show that when consumers are naïve and have no foresight to anticipate future events, the seller resorts to the use of partial refunds and involuntary cancellation when the mandatory compensation for seller‐initiated cancellation is low, resulting in efficiency loss. When consumers are sophisticated and have perfect foresight on future events, efficiency is achieved when the seller sells the entire capacity in advance and relies solely on voluntary cancellation to re‐sell units when late demand warrants it. Refund complements overselling both by improving allocation efficiency in involuntary cancellation and by mitigating the cost of overselling when consumers have limited foresight. Unlike the social planner, the seller may suffer from consumer foresight. Our findings pinpoint the mandatory compensation in involuntary cancellation as a strategic tool for the social planner to tilt the seller's preference in the seller‐initiated cancellation policy to achieve efficient overselling.
Alteration of skeletal muscle energy metabolism assessed by 31P MRS in clinical routine: Part 2. Clinical application
Authors: Naëgel Antoine , Ratiney Hélène , Karkouri Jabrane , Kennouche Djahid , Royer Nicolas , Slade Jill M. , Morel Jérôme , Croisille Pierre , Viallon Magalie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this second part of a two‐part paper, we intend to demonstrate the impact of the previously proposed advanced quality control pipeline. To understand its benefit and challenge the proposed methodology in a real scenario, we chose to compare the outcome when applying it to the analysis of two patient populations with significant but highly different types of fatigue: COVID‐19 and multiple sclerosis (MS). 31P‐MRS was performed on a 3 T clinical MRI, in 19 COVID‐19 patients, 38 MS patients, and 40 matched healthy controls. Dynamic acquisitions using an MR‐compatible ergometer ran over a rest (40 s), exercise (2 min), and a recovery phase (6 min). Long and short TR acquisitions were also made at rest for T1 correction. The advanced data quality control pipeline presented in Part 1 is applied to the selected patient cohorts to investigate its impact on clinical outcomes. We first used power and sample size analysis to estimate objectively the impact of adding the quality control score (QCS). Then, comparisons between patients and healthy control groups using the validated QCS were performed using unpaired t tests or Mann–Whitney tests (p < 0.05). The application of the QCS resulted in increased statistical power, changed the values of several outcome measures, and reduced variability (standard deviation). A significant difference was found between the T1PCr and T1Pi values of MS patients and healthy controls. Furthermore, the use of a fixed correction factor led to systematically higher estimated concentrations of PCr and Pi than when using individually corrected factors. We observed significant differences between the two patient populations and healthy controls for resting [PCr]—MS only, [Pi], [ADP], [H2PO4−], and pH—COVID‐19 only, and post‐exercise [PCr], [Pi], and [H2PO4−]—MS only. The dynamic indicators τPCr, τPi, ViPCr, and Vmax were reduced for COVID‐19 and MS patients compared with controls. Our results show that QCS in dynamic 31P‐MRS studies results in smaller data variability and therefore impacts study sample size and power. Although QCS resulted in discarded data and therefore reduced the acceptable data and subject numbers, this rigorous and unbiased approach allowed for proper assessment of muscle metabolites and metabolism in patient populations. The outcomes include an increased metabolite T1, which directly affects the T1 correction factor applied to the amplitudes of the metabolite, and a prolonged τPCr, indicating reduced muscle oxidative capacity for patients with MS and COVID‐19.
Two‐grid finite element method on grade meshes for time‐fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Hu Hanzhang , Chen Yanping , Zhou Jianwei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA two‐grid finite element method with nonuniform L1 scheme is developed for solving the time‐fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The finite element solution in the ‐norm and ‐norm are proved bounded without any time‐step size conditions (dependent on spatial‐step size). Then, the optimal order error estimations of the two‐grid solution in the ‐norm are proved without any time‐step size conditions. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical experiments.
Surgeon Information‐Sharing, Parent Verbal Engagement, and Parent Knowledge of Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Claus Lauren E. , Amos Janine M. , Links Anne R. , Beach Mary Catherine , Boss Emily F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe characterize clinician information‐sharing and parent verbal engagement during pediatric adenotonsillectomy consultations and evaluate whether these behaviors relate to disease‐specific knowledge for parents of children with obstructive sleep‐disordered breathing (OSDB).Study DesignMixed‐methods sequential explanatory analysis.SettingOutpatient otolaryngology clinics.MethodsWe analyzed audio‐recorded communication during outpatient encounters for children undergoing initial evaluation for adenotonsillectomy. We identified discrete triadic instances of clinician discussion of individual risks and benefits, parent verbal responses coded as passive (“Right”) or active (“Would that repeat the recovery time?”), and corresponding parent answer (correct or incorrect) on a postconsult knowledge questionnaire. Primary outcomes included parent knowledge and decisional conflict. We qualitatively analyzed substantive questions asked by parents during the encounter.ResultsIn 30 consults, clinicians (n = 8) provided 156 instances of discussion (101 risk, 55 benefit), to which parents provided 34% active responses. Clinician discussion of risks and benefits was associated with greater parent knowledge (odds ratio [OR] = 3.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.25‐6.09; P < .001), however parent active engagement was not associated with greater parent knowledge (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.42‐2.58, P = .93). Parents demonstrated greater knowledge of benefits than risks (χ2 = 23.16, V = 1.13; P < .001). Parents who responded actively (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09‐0.72; P = .010) or had greater knowledge (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21‐0.81; P = .010) had less decisional conflict.ConclusionClinician information‐sharing was associated with greater parent knowledge about OSDB treatment. Greater parent engagement and knowledge were independently associated with less decisional conflict. These findings may inform clinicians' approaches to counseling and engaging parents in decisions for surgery.
MEH‐PPV/SBS composite films: Localization and luminescence properties of conductive polymers with microphase separation
Authors: Yuan Zhongming , Yamamoto Hiroko , Kanehashi Shinji , Shimomura Takeshi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study reports the synthesis of a flexible light‐emitting polymer film by casting the solution formed by blending poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH‐PPV) with poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) (SBS). Scanning force microscopy (SFM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirm that MEH‐PPV molecules are selectively positioned in the polystyrene (PS) domain of the fabricated film. As MEH‐PPV molecules are dissolved in the PS phase without aggregation, the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of the MEH‐PPV/SBS film exhibits a nanometer‐scale bicontinuous luminescent domain with low aggregation quenching. Furthermore, the MEH‐PPV/SBS film exhibits typical elastomeric characteristics (with linear elasticity, a plateau, and densification regions in its stress–strain curves), and its tensile properties are comparable to those of neat SBS films. As MEH‐PPV molecules are almost absent in the polybutadiene (PB) phase (which influences the bulk‐film elastic properties), the concentration of MEH‐PPV shows very little effect on the elastic properties of the composite film.
Non‐linear thermoelastic vibration and optimum frequency prediction of sandwich composite corrugated panels with honeycomb auxetic core
Authors: Kumar Mrityunjay , Rathore Souvik Singh , Kar Vishesh Ranjan , Chandravanshi Madan Lal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, the non‐linear free vibration behavior of sandwich composite panels with sinusoidal corrugations is examined. These panels consist of a top and bottom skin made of a graphene‐reinforced composite, with an auxetic honeycomb core having negative Poisson's ratio. The non‐linear kinematic field is based on Kant's higher‐order shear‐deformation theory and the Green‐strain, which incorporates all the higher‐order terms. By implementing the Hamilton principle, the non‐linear governing equations are affirmed and solved further through 2D‐isoparametric finite element approximations via Lagrangian elements in conjunction with Picard's successive iterative scheme. The comparison and validation tests demonstrate the correctness of the present model. The established sandwich model is further employed for various parametric conditions by varying the core‐to‐face sheet thickness, auxetic honeycomb properties, graphene volume fraction, shell configurations, temperature, and support conditions. These numerous results exemplify the non‐linear frequencies at small‐to‐large amplitudes for the sandwich shell structures and are discussed in detail. In addition, a multi‐objective parametric optimization is conducted using the response surface method to investigate the optimal values of the corrugated auxetic honeycomb shell panel's parameters, resulting maximum frequency.Highlights
Non‐linear vibration of corrugated sandwich shell panel.
Graphene reinforced skins and honeycomb auxetic core.
Kant's higher‐order shear‐deformation theory and Green‐Lagrange non‐linearity.
Hamilton principle and Picard's successive iterative scheme.
Multi‐objective parametric optimization and prediction using response surface methodology.
Long‐term residual properties and durability of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite exposed to alkaline solution and natural weather for a decade
Authors: Ahmad Sawpan Moyeenuddin , Beg Mohammad Dalour Hossain 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the residual thermal and mechanical properties of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer composite bars following a decade of conditioning in an alkaline solution and exposure to natural weather conditions. The study focuses on evaluating the changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer matrix and its impact on the bar's mechanical performance. The results indicate that the Tg retained approximately 94.7% of its initial value, with the decrease attributed to the plasticizing effect of absorbed water. The flexural modulus, flexural strength, and transverse shear strength were found to retain 91.8%, 77.2%, and 97.3% of their original values, respectively. The reductions in strength and stiffness were primarily attributed to a weakening in the bonding between the fibers and the polymer matrix. Fractographic analysis revealed that the failure of the plasticized and softened polymer matrix contributed to the observed reductions in strength. Interestingly, the short beam shear strength remained relatively unchanged, as the diffusion of water into the core of the bars at ambient temperatures had a minimal effect. This slower water diffusion in the core led to insignificant degradation of the short beam shear strength.Highlights
GFRP bars were exposed to alkaline solution and natural weather for a decade.
The water diffusion was a key factor in determining the residual properties of the GFRP bars.
The absorbed water plasticises the polymer matrix in GFRP bars.
The mechanical property losses in GFRP bars were associated with changes in the matrix property.
Fetal lung volumes measured by MRI predict pulmonary morbidity among infants with giant omphaloceles
Authors: Gallagher Lauren T. , Lyttle Bailey D. , Meyers Mariana L. , Gien Jason , Zaretsky Michael V. , Galan Henry L. , Behrendt Nicholas , Liechty Kenneth W. , Derderian Sarkis Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveGiant omphaloceles (GO) have associated pulmonary hypoplasia and respiratory complications. Total lung volumes (TLV) on fetal MRI can prognosticate congenital diaphragmatic hernia outcomes; however, its applicability to GO is unknown. We hypothesize that late gestation TLV and observed‐to‐expected TLV (O/E TLV) on fetal MRI correlate with postnatal pulmonary morbidity in GO.MethodA single‐institution retrospective review of GO evaluated between 2012 and 2022 was performed. Fetal MRI TLV between 32 and 36 weeks' gestation and O/E TLV throughout gestation were calculated and correlated with postnatal outcomes.Results86 fetuses with omphaloceles were evaluated; however, only 26 met strict inclusion criteria. MRIs occurred between 18 and 36 weeks' gestation. Those requiring delivery room intubation had significantly lower late gestation TLV and O/E TLV. O/E TLV predicted tracheostomy placement and survival. Neither TLV nor O/E TLV predicted the length of hospitalization or supplemental oxygen after discharge. Three fetuses had a TLV less than 35 mL: one died of respiratory failure, and the other two required tracheostomy.ConclusionsFetal MRI TLV measured between 32 and 36 weeks' gestation and O/E TLV predict the need for delivery room intubation and tracheostomy. O/E TLV correlated with survival. These data support fetal MRI as a prognostic tool to predict GO associated pulmonary morbidity.
Photomodulation of the ASIC1a acidic pocket destabilizes the open state
Authors: Rook Matthew L. , McCullock Tyler W. , Couch Tyler , Lueck John D. , MacLean David M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAcid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) are important players in detecting extracellular acidification throughout the brain and body. ASICs have large extracellular domains containing two regions replete with acidic residues: the acidic pocket, and the palm domain. In the resting state, the acidic pocket is in an expanded conformation but collapses in low pH conditions as the acidic side chains are neutralized. Thus, extracellular acidification has been hypothesized to collapse the acidic pocket that, in turn, ultimately drives channel activation. However, several observations run counter to this idea. To explore how collapse or mobility of the acidic pocket is linked to channel gating, we employed two distinct tools. First, we incorporated the photocrosslinkable noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) 4‐azido‐L‐phenylalanine (AzF) or 4‐benzoyl‐L‐phenylalanine (BzF) into several positions in the acidic pocket. At both E315 and Y318, AzF incorporation followed by UV irradiation led to right shifts in pH response curves and accelerations of desensitization and deactivation, consistent with restrictions of acidic pocket mobility destabilizing the open state. Second, we reasoned that because Cl− ions are found in the open and desensitized structures but absent in the resting state structures, Cl− substitution would provide insight into how stability of the pocket is linked to gating. Anion substitution resulted in faster deactivation and desensitization, consistent with the acidic pocket regulating the stability of the open state. Taken together, our data support a model where acidic pocket collapse is not essential for channel activation. Rather, collapse of the acidic pocket influences the stability of the open state of the pore.
Side‐chain dynamics of the α1B‐adrenergic receptor determined by NMR via methyl relaxation
Authors: Baumann Christian , Chiang Wan‐Chin , Valsecchi Renato , Jurt Simon , Deluigi Mattia , Schuster Matthias , Rosengren Karl Johan , Plückthun Andreas , Zerbe Oliver 
Published: October 2023

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are medically important membrane proteins that sample inactive, intermediate, and active conformational states characterized by relatively slow interconversions (~μs–ms). On a faster timescale (~ps–ns), the conformational landscape of GPCRs is governed by the rapid dynamics of amino acid side chains. Such dynamics are essential for protein functions such as ligand recognition and allostery. Unfortunately, technical challenges have almost entirely precluded the study of side‐chain dynamics for GPCRs. Here, we investigate the rapid side‐chain dynamics of a thermostabilized α1B‐adrenergic receptor (α1B‐AR) as probed by methyl relaxation. We determined order parameters for Ile, Leu, and Val methyl groups in the presence of inverse agonists that bind orthosterically (prazosin, tamsulosin) or allosterically (conopeptide ρ‐TIA). Despite the differences in the ligands, the receptor's overall side‐chain dynamics are very similar, including those of the apo form. However, ρ‐TIA increases the flexibility of Ile1764×56 and possibly of Ile2145×49, adjacent to Pro2155×50 of the highly conserved P5×50I3×40F6×44 motif crucial for receptor activation, suggesting differences in the mechanisms for orthosteric and allosteric receptor inactivation. Overall, increased Ile side‐chain rigidity was found for residues closer to the center of the membrane bilayer, correlating with denser packing and lower protein surface exposure. In contrast to two microbial membrane proteins, in α1B‐AR Leu exhibited higher flexibility than Ile side chains on average, correlating with the presence of Leu in less densely packed areas and with higher protein‐surface exposure than Ile. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying receptor‐wide side‐chain dynamics in GPCRs to gain functional insights.
Nano fraction of pesticide induces genotoxicity and oxidative stress‐dependent reticulum stress
Authors: Paz‐Trejo Cynthia , Arenas‐Huertero Francisco , Gómez‐Arroyo Sandra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe implementation of nanotechnology in different sectors has generated expectations as a new source of use due to the novel characteristics that it will bring. Particularly, nano pesticides promise to be more sustainable and less harmful to the ecosystem and human health; however, most studies continue to focus on their efficacy in the field, leaving aside the effect on humans. This project aimed to evaluate the genotoxic effect of a nano‐encapsulated pesticide on bronchial epithelial cells (NL‐20) in vitro and elucidate the mechanism through which they induce damage. The nano fraction (NF) of the pesticide Karate Zeon® 5 CS was characterized and isolated, and the uptake into the cell and the changes induced in the cellular ultrastructure were evaluated. In addition, the primary markers of oxidative stress, reticulum stress, and genotoxicity were assessed using the micronucleus test. A 700 nm fraction with a Z potential of −40 mV was obtained, whose main component is polyurea formaldehyde; this allows the capsules to enter the cell through macropinocytosis and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. Inside, they induce oxidative stress activating a reticulum stress response via the BIP protein and the IRE‐1 sensor, triggering an inflammatory response. Likewise, stress reduces cell proliferation, increasing genotoxic damage through micronuclei; however, this damage is mainly induced by direct contact of the capsules with the nucleus. This pioneering study uses a nanometric encapsulated commercial pesticide to evaluate the molecular mechanism of induced damage. It makes it the first step in analyzing whether these substances represent a contaminant or an emerging solution.
Bayesian‐based calibration for water quality model parameters
Authors: Bai Bing , Dong Fei , Peng Wenqi , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo improve the efficiency and accuracy of water quality model parameter calibration and avoid local optima and the phenomenon in which different parameters have the same effect, this paper proposed a novel Bayesian‐based water quality model parameter calibration method. Using Bayesian inference, the parameter calibration problem was converted into a posterior probability function sampling problem, which was sampled using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. The convergence speed of the calibration was further improved by setting the optimized initial sampling value. The influences of the initial sampling value, Markov chain length, and proposal distribution form on the calibration effect were evaluated using four specific cases. The results indicate that (1) the mean relative error (MRE) of the parameter calibration results of this method is less than 10%, with the calibration MRE of Dx and Dy being 5.3% and 8.3%, respectively; (2) when the parameter sensitivity is low, the calibration effect of this method is relatively poor, with a calibration MRE of 46% for k; (3) the parameter calibration can be completed more efficiently by setting an optimized initial value for the MCMC, choosing a reasonable Markov chain length and a suitable proposal distribution form.Practitioner Points

Bayesian‐based water quality model parameter calibration method is proposed and posterior probability distribution was sampled using the MCMC algorithm.
Parameter calibration can be completed more efficiently by setting an optimized initial value for the MCMC. As a result, efficient and accurate parameter calibration of water quality models was achieved.
This method is widely applicable to various models, and the calibration speed depends on the calculation speed of the model.