bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends inChlamydia trachomatisIgG seroprevalence in the general population of the Netherlands over 20 years
Authors: Alexiou Zoïe Willemijn , van Aar Fleur , Hoenderboom Bernice Maria , Morre Servaas Antonie , Heijne Janneke Cornelia Maria 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesTo report sex and age-specificChlamydia trachomatis(Ct) seroprevalence estimates in the general population of the Netherlands between 1996 and 2017 and identify risk factors associated with Ct seropositivity.MethodsParticipants (n=5158, aged 15–59 years) were included from three independent nationwide population-based serosurveillance studies in 1996, 2007 and 2017. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographics and sexual behaviour. Serum antibodies were analysed using Medac Ct IgG ELISA test. Census weights were assigned to achieve seroprevalence estimates representative of the general Dutch population. Weighted seroprevalence estimates were stratified by gender, age and birth cohort. Trends and risk factors in men and women were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsWeighted overall Ct seroprevalence was 10.5% (95% CI: 9.2% to 12.0%) in women and 5.8% (95% CI: 4.7% to 7.0%) in men. Among women <25 years, there was a non-significant increase in seroprevalence from 5.9% (95% CI 3.7% to 9.2%) in 1996, to 7.6% (95% CI 5.1% to 11.1%) in 2007 and 8.8% (95% CI 5.5% to 13.9%) in 2017. Among women ≥25 years, the seroprevalence significantly decreased from 15.6% (95% CI: 12.2% to 19.7%) in 1996 to 9.5% (95% CI: 7.2% to 12.4%) in 2007 but did not further drop (11.2% (95% CI 8.1% to 15.3%) in 2017). In men, we did not observe trends between study rounds. In both men and women, having a non-Western migration background was a risk factor for seropositivity. In women, having had a prior sexually transmitted infection and ≥2 recent sex partners were risk factors for seropositivity as well.ConclusionsWe have not found evidence for a decrease in population seroprevalence in those under 25 years old despite decades of intensified testing-and-treatment efforts in the Netherlands. This suggests further monitoring of Ct burden in the general population is needed. If serum banks are used for this, specifically individuals <25 years old and with diverse migration backgrounds should be included.
Prevalence, risk factors and prognostic value of atrial fibrillation detected after stroke after haemorrhagic versus ischaemic stroke
Authors: Guo Jiahuan , Li Zixiao , Gu Hongqiu , Yang Kaixuan , Liu Yanfang , Lu Jingjing , Wang Dandan , Jia Jiaokun , Zhang Jia , Wang Yongjun , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: February 2024

Background and objectivesPrior evidence suggests that atrial fibrillation detected after stroke (AFDAS) is distinct from known atrial fibrillation (KAF), with particular clinical characteristics and impacts on outcomes in ischaemic stroke. However, the results remained inconsistent in ischaemic stroke, and the role of AFDAS in haemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors and prognostic value of AFDAS in haemorrhagic stroke in comparison with ischaemic stroke.MethodsThis was a multicentre cohort study. Patients who had an ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke hospitalised in the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance hospitals were enrolled and classified as AFDAS, KAF or sinus rhythm (SR) based on heart rhythm. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and outcomes of AFDAS, KAF and SR in different stroke subtypes.ResultsA total of 913 163 patients, including 818 799 with ischaemic stroke, 83 450 with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and 10 914 with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), were enrolled. AFDAS was the most common in ischaemic stroke. There were differences in the risk factor profile between stroke subtypes; older age is a common independent risk factor shared by ischaemic stroke (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.06), ICH (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.09) and SAH (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.10). Similar to KAF, AFDAS was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality compared with SR in both ischaemic stroke (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.94 to 2.56) and ICH (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.84 to 4.38).DiscussionThere are differences in the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors for AFDAS and KAF in different stroke subtypes. AFDAS was associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with SR in both ischaemic stroke and ICH. Rhythm monitoring and risk factor modification after both ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke are essential in clinical practice. More emphasis and appropriate treatment should be given to AFDAS.
Invasive versus non-invasive paediatric home mechanical ventilation: review of the international evolution over the past 24 years
Authors: Toussaint Michel , van Hove Olivier , Leduc Dimitri , Ansay Lise , Deconinck Nicolas , Fauroux Brigitte , Khirani Sonia 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundHome mechanical ventilation (HMV) is the treatment for chronic hypercapnic alveolar hypoventilation. The proportion and evolution of paediatric invasive (IMV) and non-invasive (NIV) HMV across the world is unknown, as well as the disorders and age of children using HMV.MethodsSearch of Medline/PubMed for publications of paediatric surveys on HMV from 2000 to 2023.ResultsData from 32 international reports, representing 8815 children (59% boys) using HMV, were analysed. A substantial number of children had neuromuscular disorders (NMD; 37%), followed by cardiorespiratory (Cardio-Resp; 16%), central nervous system (CNS; 16%), upper airway (UA; 13%), other disorders (Others; 10%), central hypoventilation (4%), thoracic (3%) and genetic/congenital disorders (Gen/Cong; 1%). Mean age±SD (range) at HMV initiation was 6.7±3.7 (0.5–14.7) years. Age distribution was bimodal, with two peaks around 1–2 and 14–15 years. The number and proportion of children using NIV was significantly greater than that of children using IMV (n=6362 vs 2453, p=0.03; 72% vs 28%, p=0.048), with wide variations among countries, studies and disorders. NIV was used preferentially in the preponderance of children affected by UA, Gen/Cong, Thoracic, NMD and Cardio-Resp disorders. Children with NMD still receiving primary invasive HMV were mainly type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Mean age±SD at initiation of IMV and NIV was 3.3±3.3 and 8.2±4.4 years (p<0.01), respectively. The rate of children receiving additional daytime HMV was higher with IMV as compared with NIV (69% vs 10%, p<0.001). The evolution of paediatric HMV over the last two decades consists of a growing number of children using HMV, in parallel to an increasing use of NIV in recent years (2020–2023). There is no clear trend in the profile of children over time (age at HMV). However, an increasing number of patients requiring HMV were observed in the Gen/Cong, CNS and Others groups. Finally, the estimated prevalence of paediatric HMV was calculated at 7.4/100 000 children.ConclusionsPatients with NMD represent the largest group of children using HMV. NIV is increasingly favoured in recent years, but IMV is still a prevalent intervention in young children, particularly in countries indicating less experience with NIV.
Unifying supervised learning and VAEs: coverage, systematics and goodness-of-fit in normalizing-flow based neural network models for astro-particle reconstructions
Authors: Glüsenkamp Thorsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeural-network based predictions of event properties in astro-particle physics are getting more and more common. However, in many cases the result is just utilized as a point prediction. Statistical uncertainties, coverage, systematic uncertainties or a goodness-of-fit measure are often not calculated. Here we describe a certain choice of training and network architecture that allows to incorporate all these properties into a single network model. We show that a KL-divergence objective of the joint distribution of data and labels allows to unify supervised learning and variational autoencoders (VAEs) under one umbrella of stochastic variational inference. The unification motivates an extended supervised learning scheme which allows to calculate a goodness-of-fit p-value for the neural network model. Conditional normalizing flows amortized with a neural network are crucial in this construction. We discuss how to calculate coverage probabilities without numerical integration for specific “base-ordered” contours that are unique to normalizing flows. Furthermore we show how systematic uncertainties can be included via effective marginalization during training. The proposed extended supervised training incorporates (1) coverage calculation, (2) systematics and (3) a goodness-of-fit measure in a single machine-learning model. There are in principle no constraints on the shape of the involved distributions, in fact the machinery works with complex multi-modal distributions defined on product spaces like $${\mathbb {R}}^n \times {\mathbb {S}}^m$$

R

n

×

S

m

. The coverage calculation, however, requires care in its interpretation when the distributions are too degenerate. We see great potential for exploiting this per-event information in event selections or for fast astronomical alerts which require uncertainty guarantees.
Mixed-state entanglement and transport in Einstein–Maxwell–Axion–Horndeski theory
Authors: Li Mu-Jing , Chen Chong-Ye , Niu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Yong , Liu Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a comprehensive study exploring the relationship between transport properties and measures of quantum entanglement in the Einstein–Maxwell–Axion–Horndeski theory. By using holographic duality, we study the entanglement measures, holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS), and transport coefficients, for this model and analyze their dependence on free parameters which we classify into action parameters, observable parameters and axion factor. We find contrasting behaviors between HEE and EWCS with respect to observable parameters (charge and temperature), and the axion factor, indicating that they capture different types of quantum correlations. We also find that HEE exhibits positive correlation with both charge and thermal excitations, whereas EWCS exhibits a negative correlation with charge-related conductivities and thermal fluctuations. Furthermore, we find that the Horndeski coupling term, as the modification to standard gravity theory, does not change the qualitative behaviors of the conductivities and the entanglement measures.
Mapping tissue microstructure of brain white matter in vivo in health and disease using diffusion MRI
Authors: Liao Ying , Coelho Santiago , Chen Jenny , Ades-Aron Benjamin , Pang Michelle , Stepanov Valentin , Osorio Ricardo , Shepherd Timothy , Lui Yvonne W. , Novikov Dmitry S. , Fieremans Els 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging offers unique in vivo sensitivity to tissue microstructure in brain white matter, which undergoes significant changes during development and is compromised in virtually every neurological disorder. Yet, the challenge is to develop biomarkers that are specific to micrometer-scale cellular features in a human MRI scan of a few minutes. Here, we quantify the sensitivity and specificity of a multicompartment diffusion modeling framework to the density, orientation, and integrity of axons. We demonstrate that using a machine learning-based estimator, our biophysical model captures the morphological changes of axons in early development, acute ischemia, and multiple sclerosis (total N = 821). The methodology of microstructure mapping is widely applicable in clinical settings and in large imaging consortium data to study development, aging, and pathology.
Learning Only on Boundaries: A Physics-Informed Neural Operator for Solving Parametric Partial Differential Equations in Complex Geometries
Authors: Fang Zhiwei , Wang Sifan , Perdikaris Paris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recently, deep learning surrogates and neural operators have shown promise in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they often require a large amount of training data and are limited to bounded domains. In this work, we present a novel physics-informed neural operator method to solve parameterized boundary value problems without labeled data. By reformulating the PDEs into boundary integral equations (BIEs), we can train the operator network solely on the boundary of the domain. This approach reduces the number of required sample points from O(Nd) to O(Nd-1), where d is the domain’s dimension, leading to a significant acceleration of the training process. Additionally, our method can handle unbounded problems, which are unattainable for existing physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and neural operators. Our numerical experiments show the effectiveness of parameterized complex geometries and unbounded problems.
Conflicting Results and Statistical Malleability: Embracing Pluralism of Empirical Results
Authors: Maziarz Mariusz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Conflicting results undermine making inferences from the empirical literature. So far, the replication crisis is mainly seen as resulting from honest errors and questionable research practices such as p-hacking or the base-rate fallacy. I discuss the malleability (researcher degrees of freedom) of quantitative research and argue that conflicting results can emerge from two studies using different but plausible designs (e.g., eligibility criteria, operationalization of concepts, outcome measures) and statistical methods. I also explore how the choices regarding study design and statistical techniques bias results in a way that makes them more or less relevant for a given policy or clinical question.
Examining the quality of the corresponding authorship field in Web of Science and Scopus
Authors: Chinchilla-Rodríguez Zaida , Costas Rodrigo , Robinson-García Nicolás , Larivière Vincent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Authorship is associated with scientific capital and prestige, and corresponding authorship is used in evaluation as a proxy for scientific status. However, there are no empirical analyses on the validity of the corresponding authorship metadata in bibliometric databases. This paper looks at differences in the corresponding authorship metadata in Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus to investigate how the relationship between author position and corresponding authors varies by discipline and country and analyzes changes in the position of corresponding authors over time. We find that both WoS and Scopus have accuracy issues when it comes to assigning corresponding authorship. Although the number of documents with a reprint author has increased over time in both databases, WoS indexed more of those papers than Scopus, and there are significant differences between the two databases in terms of who the corresponding author is. Although metadata is not complete in WoS, corresponding authors are normally first authors with a declining trend over time, favoring middle and last authors, especially in the Medical, Natural Sciences, and Engineering fields. These results reinforce the importance of considering how databases operationalize and index concepts such as corresponding authors, this being particularly important when they are used in research assessment.
Highly Ranked Scholars and the influence of countries and regions in research fields, disciplines, and specialties
Authors: Faghri Amir , Bergman Theodore L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The scholarly influence of a country or region can be inferred from its number of exceptional scientists in specific research areas. Using the ScholarGPS database, we provide the first analysis of the number and geographical distribution of Highly Ranked ScholarsTM from a universe of over 30 million scholars in more than 200 countries. The associated influence of nations is reported for 14 broad fields of scholarly pursuit, two disciplines (Chemistry and Computer Science), and three specialties (Artificial Intelligence, Polymer, and Stem Cell). By comparing numbers of Highly Ranked Scholars for the last 5 years to lifetime information, we quantify the growth and decay of the influence of multiple countries and regions and identify those that are emerging in their influence. For the research areas considered here, the United States has the largest recent reduction in influence, whereas China, India, and Iran have increased their influence notably.
Cochlear Implantation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients: Speech Perception and Quality of Life
Authors: Farber Nicole I. , Chin Oliver Y. , Mills Dawna M. , Diaz Rodney C. , Brodie Hilary A. , Sagiv Doron 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: There is a limited understanding of the impact of cochlear implantation (CI) in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), given the scarcity of reported cases. We aim to evaluate the audiological outcomes and quality of life (QoL) after CI in CMT. Methods: Multi-institutional, university-affiliated, tertiary-referral centers, retrospective chart review. Our cohort includes 5 patients with CMT. Patients’ charts were reviewed for demographic characteristics, operation notes, and pre- and post-implantation audiology evaluation. Patients completed the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life-10 (CIQOL-10) Global questionnaire. Results: Pre-implantation, the mean pure tone average was 84.1 ± 7.2 dB, and the mean word recognition score was 2.4% in the implanted ear. AzBio sentence test was performed in quiet, revealing a mean of 4 ± 1.4% in the implanted ear. Post-implantation, PTA results were all within the mild hearing loss range (mean 33.0 ± 5.9 dB). Post-CI, AZ-Bio test results were 5%, 65%, and 74% (for 3 patients), and HINT scores were 55% and 58% (for 2 patients). The mean score of the CIQOL-10 questionnaire was 42.7 ± 10.47 (range 1-100). Patients were most satisfied with their ability to listen to the television or radio, have conversations in a quiet environment, and feel comfortable being themselves. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive series of CI in CMT-associated sensorineural hearing loss and auditory neuropathy. Our cohort suggests that CI is a safe and reliable method for hearing rehabilitation that can achieve good speech performance and improve QoL in CMT patients.
Comparison of different peritoneal dialysis catheters on complications and catheter survival: A network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhao Lijuan , Yu Zixian , Li Xiayin , Zhao Jin , Qin Yunlong , Zhou Meilan , Bai Ming , Xu Guoshuang , Sun Shiren 
Published: February 2024

Background: This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the clinical advantage of four commonly used peritoneal dialysis catheters (PDCs) including the Swan neck segment with straight tip (Swan neck + S), Tenckhoff segment with straight tip (Tenckhoff + S), Swan neck segment with coiled tip (Swan neck + C) and Tenckhoff segment with coiled tip (Tenckhoff + C). Methods: Randomised clinical trials were searched from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Register of clinical trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and ChinaInfo from their inception until July 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3.5 software to evaluate the four commonly used PDCs. Results: Seventeen studies involved 1578 participants were included. NMA showed that compared with Swan neck + C, Swan neck + S significantly reduced catheter tip migration (OR 0.47 95% CI 0.22–0.99). Tenckhoff + S was more effective in reducing catheter dysfunction (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.79), catheter tip migration with dysfunction (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.78) and catheter removal (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.93) which were consistent with the pairwise meta-analysis. According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, Swan neck + S emerged as the best PDC in the reduction of catheter tip migration (83.3%), followed by Tenckhoff + S (79.4%). Moreover, Tenckhoff + S (86.5%, 76.3%) and Swan neck + S (72.3, 86.9%) ranked as the first and second PDC for 1 and 2-year technique survival which was significantly higher than those of the other two PDCs. Conclusion: Our NMA showed Swan neck + S and Tenckhoff + S tended to be more efficacious than Swan neck + C and Tenckhoff + C in lowering the mechanical dysfunction and prolonging the technique survival, which may contribute to better clinical decisions. More randomised controlled trials with larger scales and higher quality are needed in order to obtain more credible evidence.
Exploring the Interrelationships Between Physical Function, Functional Exercise Capacity, and Exercise Self-Efficacy in Persons Living with HIV
Authors: Nokes Kathleen M. , Sokhela Dudu G. , Orton Penelope M. , Samuels William Ellery , Phillips J. Craig , Tufts Kimberly Adams , Perazzo Joseph D. , Chaiphibalsarisdi Puangtip , Portillo Carmen , Schnall Rebecca , Hamilton Mary Jane , Dawson-Rose Carol , Webel Allison R. 
Published: February 2024

While physical activity can mitigate the metabolic effects of HIV disease and HIV medications, many HIV-infected persons report low levels of physical activity. Purpose: To determine if there were differences between the subjective and objective assessments of physical activity while controlling for sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics. Setting/sample: A total of 810 participants across eight sites located in three countries. Measures: Subjective instruments were the two subscales of Self-efficacy for Exercise Behaviors Scale: Making Time for Exercise and Resisting Relapse and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, which measured physical function. The objective measure of functional exercise capacity was the 6-minute Walk Test. Analysis: Both univariate and multivariant analyses were used. Results: Physical function was significantly associated with Making Time for Exercise (β = 1.76, p = .039) but not with Resisting Relapse (β = 1.16, p = .168). Age (β = −1.88, p = .001), being employed (β = 16.19, p < .001) and race (βs = 13.84–31.98, p < .001), hip–waist ratio (β = −2.18, p < .001), and comorbidities (β = 7.31, p < .001) were significant predictors of physical functioning. The model predicting physical function accounted for a large amount of variance (adjusted R2 = .938). The patterns of results predicting functional exercise capacity were similar. Making Time for Exercise self-efficacy scores significantly predicted functional exercise capacity (β = 0.14, p = .029), and Resisting Relapse scores again did not (β = −0.10, p = .120). Among the covariates, age (β = −0.16, p < .001), gender (β = −0.43, p < .001), education (β = 0.08, p = .026), and hip–waist ratio (β = 0.09, p = .034) were significant. This model did not account for much of the overall variance in the data (adjusted R2 = .081). We found a modest significant relationship between physical function and functional exercise capacity ( r = 0.27). Conclusions: Making Time for Exercise Self-efficacy was more significant than Resisting Relapse for both physical function and functional exercise capacity. Interventions to promote achievement of physical activity need to use multiple measurement strategies.