bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell antigen receptor beta‐chain variable region families: A study of their distribution in normal and reactive tissues
Authors: Clark David M. , Boylston Arthur W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe beta chain of the T‐cell antigen receptor is constructed using a variable region gene from one of approximately 20 variable gene families. Antibodies that react with the products of these gene families have been used to demonstrate clonal proliferation of T cells. Here, we describe the expression of two beta‐chain variable region families in normal and reactive lymphoid tissues. In all the tissues studied, expression was scattered throughout the T‐cell areas, without any clustering of expression.
Correlation of morphology, immunophenotype, and flow cytometry with remission induction and survival in high grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: O'brien Ciaran J. , Holgate Clive , Quirke Philip , Stuart Nicholas S. A. , Ellis Ian O. , Elston Christopher W. , Jones E. Lynn , Bird Colin C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of cases of high grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas has been studied by morphology (1l0 cases), immunocytochemistry (90 cases), using reagents reactive in fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue, and flowcytometry (77 cases). B‐cell tumours constituted 67.0 per cent of the total, T‐cell tumours 22.0 per cent, and unclassified cases 8.8 per cent. Immunocytochemistry revealed two anaplastic carcinomas. Of the 77 cases studied by flow cytometry, 67.5 percent were diploid and 32.5 per cent DNA aneuploid. T‐cell tumours were more likely to be diploid than B‐cell tumours, though the difference did not reach statistical significance, T‐cell tumours had a significantly lower proliferative index (%S + G2) than B‐cell tumours (P = 0.002).The overall remission induction rate was 68 per cent and actuarial 3‐year survival 47 per cent. There was a trend for cases with %S + G less than 22 percent to survive longer (P=0.07). This trend became statistically significant when aneuploid cases were added to the high PI group (P = 0.04). No correlation was seen between morphological or immunophenotypic groups and remission induction rates or survival.
Plasmacytoid monocytes (so‐called plasmacytoid T cells) in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Facchetti Fabio , De Wolf‐Peeters Chris , Van Den Oord Joost J. , Desmet Valeer J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe occurrence and distribution of piasmacytoid monocytes (so‐called plasmacytoid T cells) were investigated irnmunohistochemically in 40 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Large numbers of plasmacytoid monocytes were found in all cases of lymphocyte predominance, nodular sclerosing, and mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease, characterized by a minor degree of architectural effacement. They occurred at the periphery of lymphoid aggregates which mimic the composite nodule of the reactive lymph node and which contained Reed‐Sternberg cells and their variants. Despite some immunophenotypic similarities, no further arguments were found to support a relationship between plasmacytoid monocytes and Reed‐Sternberg cells.We conclude that plasmacytoid monocytes represent one of the monocyte‐derived cells that contribute to the cellular reaction in Hodgkin's disease.
Diagnostic fine needle core biopsy of deep lymph nodes for the diagnosis of lymphoma in patients unfit for surgery
Authors: Wothfrspoon Andrew C. , Norton Andrew J. , Lees William R. , Shaw Penny , Isaacson Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe use of a technique for safe percutaneous fine needle biopsy of inaccessible lymph nodes is described. In a prospective study of 24 patterns, including five cases positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), this technique was used to provide diagnostic material. A firm diagnosis was made in 21 cases; four cases of Hodgkin's disease, 14 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas, one case of Kaposi's sarcoma, one case of mycobacterial infection, and one which showed the features of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). In the cases of lymphoma, available serial sections allowed characterization of the tumour with immunocytochemistry. In three cases, no diagnosis could be made, with one of these requiring a subsequent open biopsy. Percutaneous fine needle biospy is ideal for patients unfit or unsuitable for general anaesthesia or surgery. The biopsy obtained gives the pathologist sufficient tissue for an accurate diagnosis in the majority of cases. The preservation of architecture and multiple sections available are advantages over fine needle aspiration.
Null cell adenomas of the pituitary gland. An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Holm Ruth , Nesland Jahn M. , Attramadal Arne , Halse Johan , Johannessen Jan V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFourteen null cell adenomas of the pituitary gland were examined immunohistochemically with antisera against three general neuroendocrine markers and 22 hormones. All cases showed positive immunostaining for neuron‐specific enolase, ten cases for synaptophysin, and six cases expressed chromogranin immunoreactivity. Hormone immunoreactivity was detected in a few cells in ten of the 14 cases studied and the number of hormones demonstrated in each case was one or two, Thyroid‐stimuating hormone was detected in five of the 14 cases, gastrin in four, β‐endorphin in two, calcitonin gene related peptide in one, prolactin in one, and follicle‐stimulating hormone in one.
Immunoreactivity for laminin and type IV collagen in malignant and benign fibrous histocytoma
Authors: Soini Ylermi , Autio‐Harmainen Helena , Miettinen Markku 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSixteen malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) and ten benign fibrous histiocytomas of the skin were studied immunohistochemically for the distribution of two basement membrane (BM) proteins, laminin and type IV collagen, in order to evaluate their cellular nature. Linear staining for both proteins was present in the vascular BMs. Intracytoplasmic laminin was observed in the neoplastic fibroblast‐like and pleomorphic giant cells in 11 MFHs. Two MFHs also showed similar staining for type IV collagen. In the giant cell subtype of MFH, the reactive giant cells were totally negative whereas the neoplastic cells were strongly positive for laminin. Extracellular fibres staining positively for both BM proteins were seen in two MFHs.Except for the capillary network, the benign fibrous histiocytomas were negative for laminin and type IV collagen.On the basis of the present results, we favour the concept that MFHs are primitive mesenchymal tumours, some of which may show histogenetic relationships with tumours of BM forming mesenchymal cells.
Vascular changes in irradiated lungs: A morphometric study
Authors: Wilkinson M. J. , Maclennan K. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lungs from eight patients who had received thoracic irradiation for the treatment of malignant disease have been studied and a morphometric analysis of the vascular changes present has been made. We found a marked difference between the changes we observed in the pulmonary vessels and those described in systemic vessels after exposure to irradiation. In the former the changes are more pronounced in the venous circulation, and in the latter they are described as being almost confined to the arteries. This difference is a reflection of the difference in oxygen saturation of the blood in the two types of vessels. We suggest that this difference can be explained by the possible role of super‐oxide free radicals in the generation of these effects.
In situ hybridization demonstration of poly‐adenylated RNA sequences in formalin‐fixed paraffin sections using a biotinylated oligonucleotide poly d(T) probe
Authors: Pringle James H. , Primrose Lindsay , Kind Clive N. , Talbot Ian C. , Lauder Ian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn in situ hybridization technique has been developed for assessing poly(A)+ RNA preservation in routine pathology specimens. The method detects poly‐adenylated RNA sequences in tissue sections using a biotinylated polydeoxythymidine poly d(T)) probe. The probe was prepared from single‐stranded 25–30 base oligo d(T) and was biotinylated using the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotide (ransferase with biotin‐11‐dUTP and dTTP in the ratio 1:4. The hybridization protocol uses varying concentrations of proteinase K to unmask mRNA sequences and the biotin labelled hybrids are demonstrated after hybridization under standard conditions by the application of streptavidin and biotinylated alkaline phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase was visualized using a Fast Red naphthol‐capture method and the sections were counterstained with haematoxylin.The results have confirmed that the method is specific for poly(A)+ RNA and shows that poly(A)+ RNA can be demonstrated in routine formalin‐fixed sections using non‐radioactive techniques with retention of morphology. It also provides a means of optimizing the hybritdization conditions for specific mRNA probes and produces a staining pattern demonstrating the relative level of poly(A)+ RNA per cell which may reveal new information about cell activity and tissue function.
A non‐parametric grading system for intestinal metaplasia: Correlations with gastric tissue enzymes
Authors: Finch P. J. , Fallowfield M. E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA novel method for grading intestinal metaplasia, with general applicability, is described. Highly significant agreement was found by kappa analysis both for intra‐observer (k=0.90) and for inter‐observer (k=0.85) variation, confirming the reproducibility of the method. The ranks derived by this method were correlated with gastric tissue levels of the enzymes beta‐glucuronidase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and %m‐LDH. A significant (P<0.05) positive correlation was found between intestinal metaplasia and %m‐LDH, but there was no correlation between intestinal metaplasia and beta‐glucuronidase or LDH.
Cytoskeletal features of immature pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells: The influence of pulmonary hypertension on normal development
Authors: Allen Kim M. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing an immunohistochemical technique, the development of the cytoskeletal proteins desmin, vimentin, and actin (using alpha isotype and non‐isotype specific antibodies) was assessed using a semi‐quantitative grading system in the pulmonary vascular smooth muscle of nine normal pigs and 19 normal humans at different ages, and in 13 children with pulmonary hypertensive congenital heart disease. In the normal of both species, immunostaining for vimentin decreased after birth and then increased gradually while immunostaining for desmin and alpha actin increased steadily with age. In pulmonary hypertension, immunostaining for alpha actin and vimentin showed an accelerated increase at between 2 and 8 months. Also, the media showed regional differences in immunostaining which preceded the development of intimal proliferation. The inner media showed less immunoreactivity for all cytoskeletal proteins studied than did the outer media. Within areas of intimal proliferation many cells were immunonegative. These results suggest that the cytoskeletal features of medial smooth muscle cells are remodelled in the normal infant; that this process is altered from at least 2 months in the pulmonary hypertensive infant; and that the smooth muscle cells immediately beneath the internal elastic lamina are remodelled before migrating to form intimal proliferation. Changes in cytoskeletal composition can be related to the previously described postnatal maturation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells.
Lectin binding and desmin expression during necrosis, regeneration, and neurogenic atrophy of human skeletal muscle
Authors: Helliwell Timothy R. , Gunhan Omer , Edwards Richard H. T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractChanges in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle fibres during necrosis, regeneration, and neurogenic atrophy have been studied in a wide range of human neuromuscular diseases with a panel of eleven biotinylated lectins and by immunohistochemical staining for the cytoskeletal protein desmin. Increased binding of several lectins was observed in both necrotic and regenerating fibres, with Concanavalin A the most consistently positive lectin. Staining for desmin was strong in the cytoplasm of regenerating and partially damaged fibres and was lost in necrotic fibres, although there were differences in the staining reactions of the two antidesmin antibodies used. In fibres which had undergone neurogenic atrophy, cytoplasmic lectin binding was seen only with Griffonia simplicifolia I lectin, and desmin was expressed more strongly than in normal fibres. Lectin binding and immunohistochemical staining from desmin can supplement the information obtained from muscle biopsies by conventional histochemical methods and lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of muscle damage.
Effect of pituitary gonadotrophins on proliferation of primary cultures of human ovarian stroma
Authors: Snowden J. A. , Bradbury K. , Thornton J. G. , Wells M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProliferation of ovarian stromal cells is a common phenomenon in peri‐and post‐menopausal ovaries. It is generally assumed to be secondary to the rise in circulating gonadotrophins at the menopause, though the process by which it occurs is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of menopausal levels of pituitary gonadotrophins on the growth of primary cultures of ovarian stroma. A culture system was developed using primary explants of ovarian stroma on a collagen substrate. The effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 10−5 g/l) and luteinizing hormone (LH; 10−5 g/l) on the proliferation of cultures derived from the cortices and medullae of ten ovaries was evaluated using a dual radiothymidine labelling technique. FSH was stimulatory to cortical cultures from 9/10 ovaries and medullary cultures from 7/10 ovaries, while LH was stimulatory to cortical cultures from 6/9 ovaries and medullary cultures from 5/10 ovaries. The responsiveness of the cultures did not correlate with the degree of hyperplasia in vivo. This study demonstrates that pituitary gonadotrophins may modulate the growth of stromal cells in culture, and thus may play a role in the process whereby stromal proliferation occurs in peri‐and post‐menopausal ovaries.
c‐erbB‐2 oncogene product staining in gastric adenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Falck Vincent G. , Gullick William J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe c‐erbB‐2 oncogene has been shown to be amplified in a variety of human adenocarcinomas. Antibodies to the protein product, p185, have been used for immunostaining of paraffin‐embedded material, and have demonstrated that high levels of c‐erbB‐2 protein expression correlate with gene amplification under certain conditions. In studies by others, amplification has been demonstrated in 40 per cent of tubular type adenocarcinomas of the stomach, and an immunohistochemical study on frozen tissue has demonstrated staining in 3 out of 10 cases. Our study, using paraffin‐embedded material, demonstrates staining in 19 per cent of 126 cases using a polyclonal antibody. Of the positive cases, 75 per cent were tubular or papillary type (P<·025), and prominent staining was restricted to this group. Three cases showed well‐defined positive areas in keeping with clonal expression of p185. No specific staining of normal or dysplastic epithelium adjacent to the carcinomas was found.
An observation of DNA ploidy, histological grade, and immunoreactivity for tumour‐related antigens in primary and metastatic breast carcinoma
Authors: Hitchcock Andrew , Ellis Ian O. , Robertson John F. R. , Gilmour Alan , Bell Jane , Elston Christopher W. , Blamey Roger W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA cohort of 36 cases of advanced breast carcinoma were included in the study. DNA ploidy, histological grade, and immunoreactivity for carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA), carcino‐embryonic antigen with normal cross‐reacting antigen (CEA/NCA), and to NCRC‐11 were assessed in primary breast carcinomas and metastases from the ovary and axillary lymph nodes. Changes in these variables between primary tumours and their metastases were found in 44 per cent of cases for DNA ploidy, 44 per cent of cases for histological grade, 17 per cent of cases for immunoreactivity to NCRC‐11, 28 per cent of cases for CEA, and 56 per cent of cases for CEA/NCA immunoreactivity, respectively. Alteration of one factor appeared to be independent of changes in other factors.The development of clones with metastatic potential does not appear to be related to consistent changes in any one of the factors examined and suggests that none of these factors would be of prognostic value in advanced breast carcinoma.
Endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase‐poly‐lysine conjugate by glomerular epithelial cells: An in vivo study
Authors: Wang Yiming , Bass Paul S. , Higgins Malcolm , Thomas J. Hywel , Davies David R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNative horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is known to pass rapidly through glomeruli when injected into rats. We have found that a conjugate of HRP with poly‐lysine is readily endocytosed by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). We have used this conjugate to study the GEC endocytotic process in male Wistar rats. The conjugate has an approximate molecular weight of 55–58000, a pI of > 10·0, and almost the same secondary conformation as HRP; it does not increase urinary protein excretion significantly or alter the morphology of the renal glomeruli. After intravenous injection of the conjugate, it could be found in the GBM from 1 min to 4 h. At 1 min, it was evenly distributed on GEC foot processes and plasma membrane. GEC start to take up the conjugate from 1 min post‐injection, by cellular membrane invagination. This reached a maximum at 4 h. Some of the endocytosed conjugate passed to lysosomes from the endosomal system. The amount of peroxidase demonstrable in the glomerular epithelial cells was considerably reduced by 24 h.
Endotoxaemia and hepatic injury in obstructive jaundice
Authors: Shibayama Yuro 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTo examine whether endotoxaemia contributes to the development of bile infarction and whether obstructive jaundice enhances endotoxin hepatotoxicity, the present study was undertaken in rats. The development of bile infarction and the elevation of serum transaminase activities in rats following ligation of the common bile duct were not prevented by administration of polymyxin B, neomycin, or lactulose, which have anti‐endotoxin properties. Moreover, the morphological and functional changes in obstructive jaundice were not enhanced by administration of endotoxin. These data indicate that endotoxaemia does not contribute to the development of bile infarction. On the other hand, the administration of a small dose of endotoxin to rats with biliary obstruction‐a dose which does not induce abnormalities of liver function tests or any morphological changes in the liver in non‐jaundiced rats‐led to focal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis and elevation of serum transaminase levels. These data indicate that endotoxin‐induced hepatic injury is potentiated in obstructive jaundice.
Malignant lymphomas of true histiocytic origin. A clinical, histological, immunophenotypic and genotypic study
Authors: Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Delsol Georges , O'Connor Nigel T. J. , Brandtzaeg Per , Brousset Pierre , Vejlsgaard Gunhild L. , Mason David Y. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe clinical, histological, immunophenotypic and genotypic properties of four cases of lymphoma of true histiocytic origin are described. The cases were identified by typing 925 non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas by immunophenotypic and/or genotypic techniques, and they all presented with skin lesions. The histological and immunophenotypic examination showed dense, diffuse infiltrates of markedly pleomorphic mononuclear cells that were positive for macrophage‐associated markers, and negative for B‐cell, T‐cell and myeloid cell‐associated antigens. Staining for Ki‐l and epithelial membrane antigen was also negative. Gene rearrangements studies were performed in three cases, and all of these showed germline configuration of both T‐cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes. In all cases, the clinical course was aggressive with rapid and widespread dissemination to internal organs, poor response to conventional chemotherapy, and short survival times (0.5 to 14 months). This suggests that although true histiocytic tumours are very rare, their recognition may be important for clinical and/or prognostic reasons.
Calgranulin expression and association with the keratinocyte cytoskeleton
Authors: Clark B. R. , Kelly S. E. , Fleming S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe molecules calgranulin A and B are two intracellular calcium‐binding proteins which are expressed by the lesional keratinocytes of inflammatory dermatoses. We have investigated the induction of the calgranulin proteins in an in vitro system and characterized the epidermal form of calgranulin. Using calgranulin‐specific monoclonal antibodies, we have shown that these proteins are expressed within the epidermis of skin explants after 12–24 h culture in vitro. The induction of Calgranulin‐specific staining on culture was prevented, however, by the inclusion of cycloheximide in the culture medium, in sufficient quantities to prevent de novo protein synthesis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining was used to analyse the subcellular localization of the calgranulin proteins. The specific staining pattern with antibodies which recognize the individual calgranulin proteins was retained in detergent insoluble cytoskeletal preparations of epidermis. In Western blotting experiments epidermal calgranulins could be solubilized only by using a urea‐based protein extraction buffer. After sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the epidermal extracts a single antigen, with a molecular weight of 13.0 kD was detected with the calgranulin‐specific antibody MAC 387. The expression of calgranulins, similar to other members of the same protein family, may regulate cytoskeletal changes in skin disease.
Epithelial–mesenchymal interactions can influence the phenotype of carcinoma metastases in the mucosa of the intestine
Authors: Shepherd N. A. , Hall P. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn this paper we report two cases in which morphological differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma has occurred when metastatic tumour was present within the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa. In one case, there were metastases in the small intestinal mucosa and in the second case, in the mucosa of the appendix. The morphology of the intramucosal tumour simulated that of an adenomatous neoplasm. The recognition of this occurrence may be important in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. The phenomenon is not only of diagnostic interest: the data presented here provide in vivo evidence that gastrointestinal carcinomas may differentiate in response to epithelial–mesenchymal interactions in a similar way to that seen in experimental models.
The malignancy grading method is not a reliable assessment of malignancy in mesothelioma
Authors: Tierney G. , Wilkinson M. J. , Jones J. S. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ploidy of a series of pleural lesions–reactive proliferations, malignant mesotheliomas and metastatic tumours– was measured on a Leitz Miamed DNA image analyser using Feulgen‐stained slides. The technique successfully recognized all the metastatic tumours as malignant; this corresponds to previous work. However, it was not successful in classifying mesothelial lesions as benign or malignant, resulting in a very high false‐negative rate and a moderately high false‐positive rate. Mesothelial lesions appear to have a wide range of ploidy values irrespective of their biological behaviour. Thus, for primary mesothelial tumours, the ploidy value cannot be used as a reliable diagnostic index.