bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Two‐Electron vs. Four‐Electron Pathways
Authors: Yu Ao , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping eco‐friendly electrochemical devices for electrosynthesis, fuel cells (FCs), and metal‐air batteries (MABs) requires precisely designing the electronic pathway in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. Understanding the principle of developing low‐cost, highly active, and stable catalysts helps to reduce the usage of noble metals in ORR. Atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) emerge as promising alternatives to replace commercial noble metals due to their high utilization of active metal atoms, high intrinsic activity, and controllable coordination environments. In this review, the research tendency and reaction mechanisms in ORR are first summarized. The basic principles concerning the geometric size and chemical coordination of two‐electron ORR (2e− ORR) catalysts were then discussed, aiming to outline the evolution of material design from 2e− ORR to four‐electron ORR (4e− ORR). Subsequently, recent advances in ADMCs primarily investigated for the 4e− ORR are well‐documented. These advances encompass studies on M−N−C coordination, light heteroatom doping, dual‐metal atoms‐based coordination, and interaction between nanoparticle (NPs)/nanoclusters (NCs) and atomically dispersed metals (ADMs). Finally, the setups for 2/4e− ORR applications, key challenges, and opportunities in the future design of ADMCs for the ORR are highlighted.
Synergizing Mg Single Atoms and Ru Nanoclusters for Boosting the Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis to Produce Hydrogen
Authors: Xie Shumin , Tian Shuheng , Yang Jialei , Wang Ning , Wan Qixin , Wang Maolin , Liu Jinxun , Zhou Jing , Qi Pengfei , Sui Kunyan , Li Xingyun , Ma Ding , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDevelopment of efficient catalysts with high H2O molecule activation ability holds great importance for H2 production. Herein, enzyme‐mimic Mg single atoms catalysts (SACs) coordinated by B/N‐doped carbon nanotube (BNC), was constructed as a high‐performance support for ruthenium (Ru) nano‐clusters. Dual functions of Mg SACs were discovered, where the Mg atoms beneath Ru catalysts built an interfacial electron polarization, inducing electron transfer from Ru to the Mg‐BNC support. In addition, the oxyphilic Mg SACs adjacent to the Ru catalysts could actively participate in H2O adsorption. The combination of experimental characterization, reaction kinetics study and density functional theory (DFT) calculations validated a stronger intrinsic H2O activation capability at the positive Ru sites. Meanwhile, the synergistic Mg SACs jointly contribute to the acceleration of the sluggish H2O dissociation process in ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis reaction, resulting in exceptional hydrogen production activity and catalytic stability, outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art Ru‐based catalysts. This work provides a new strategy for utilizing alkaline earth metals as both the electronic promoter and the reactant activator, offering inspiration for the development of advanced heterogeneous catalysts.
The Role of Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate in the Melt Blending of Poly(Butylene Adipate‐co‐Terephthalate) and Thermoplastic Starch
Authors: Lestari Putri Ayu , Yuliani Galuh , Nissa Rossy Choerun , Iasya Yurin Karunia Apsha Albaina , Fateha Fateha , Abidin Kharis Yohan , Irmayanti Maya , Nurhamiyah Yeyen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThermoplastic starch (TPS) has long been recognized for its challenges in blending with other biodegradable polymers due to issues of compatibilization. This study involved the melt blending of TPS and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (TPS/PBAT 50/50) with 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) acting as a reactive chain extender. The mechanical characteristics, phase morphology, thermal behavior, crystalline structure, and water absorption of the mixes were examined. Increasing the MDI component resulted in enhanced tensile strength from 9.60 to 17.71 MPa, and elongation at break increases from 366.80% to 623.65%. The addition of 0–2 wt% MDI enhances thermal stability with Tdpeak of starch increase from 327.49°C to 338.34°C. SEM micrographs demonstrated a notable enhancement in interfacial adhesion between the TPS and PBAT phases with the increment of MDI. The relative crystallinity increases from 10% to 13% after the addition of MDI. The presence of MDI decreased the water absorption of the films. Characterization results indicate that the incorporation of a chain extender can improve the performance of TPS/PBAT‐MDI bioplastics.
Tailoring Nanofiltration Membranes by Incorporating Zwitterionic Quaternary Ammonium Terpolymer to Enhance Performance
Authors: Arshad Zeeshan , Baig Nadeem , Ali Shaikh A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDesigning nanofiltration membranes with unique characteristics and properties is an emerging trend for water treatment research. Herein, we introduced the unique example of the aliphatic diethylenetriamine‐based nanofiltration membranes and tuned its selectivity by adding the terpolymer. To enhance the permeability of the salts while maintaining the rejection of the dye Eriochrome black T (EBT), a novel cationic/zwitterionic terpolymer of Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), 3‐(N,N‐diallyl‐N‐methylammonio)propanesulfonate (DAMAPS), and N,N‐diallyldodecane‐1,12‐diamine (DADA) was rationally synthesized and in situ grafted via interfacial polymerization (IP) in the polyamide active layer of the membrane. The incorporation of poly‐(DADMAC‐co‐DAMAPS‐co‐DADA) polymer into the diethylenetriamine polyamide active layer results in 5.8 times increase in water flux while still retaining an outstanding rejection rate of ~99.9 % for EBT. Furthermore, it exhibited enhanced salt permeability for NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4. The grafted polymer increased the hydrophilicity of the membrane and strengthened stability for long‐term working conditions. Thus, the aliphatic diethylenetriamine membranes have great potential for desalination, and their active layer can be tuned with the zwitterionic moieties to enhance the salt permeability and keep the EBT rejection higher than 99 %, which makes these membranes valuable for environmental and textile applications.
Risk of Congenital Ocular Anomaly After Prenatal Exposure to Medications: A EUROmediCAT Study
Authors: Cifuentes E.‐A. , Beau A. , Caillet A. , Frémont F. , Neville A. J. , Ballardini E. , Dolk H. , Loane M. , Garne E. , Khoshnood B. , Lelong N. , Rissmann A. , O'Mahony M. , Pierini A. , Gatt M. , Bergman J. E. H. , Krawczynski M. R. , Latos Bielenska A. , Echevarría González de Garibay L.‐J. , Cavero Carbonell C. , Addor M.‐C. , Tucker D. , Jordan S. , Den Hond E. , Nelen V. , Barisic I. , Rouget F. , Randrianaivo H. , Hoareau J. , Perthus I. , Courtade‐Saïdi M. , Damase‐Michel C. , Dubucs C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Europe, the prevalence of congenital ocular anomaly (COA) is estimated at 3.7 per 10,000 births. While certain COAs have a genetic origin, the cause for most patients remains unknown. The role of medications administered during pregnancy in COA genesis in humans is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate any association between fetal exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy to medications and the occurrence of COA.MethodsWe conducted a case‐malformed‐control study using data on 298,351 cases registered as having congenital anomalies (CA) from 19 registries and one healthcare database in 13 European countries. Two analyses were performed: (i) A signal confirmation analysis of signals from the literature, examining associations between COA and specific medications (nitrofurantoin, NSAIDs, opioids, alprazolam, antihypertensives, asthma medications, pyridoxine, and hydroxyethylrutoside). (ii) A signal detection analysis of all medications reported in the database.ResultsWe identified 4185 COA cases and 232,718 nongenetic and 38,409 genetic controls. We confirmed the association between prenatal opioid exposure and COA (aROR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.18, 6.02, and 3.22, 95% CI: 1.35, 7.69, for nongenetic and genetic controls, respectively). Signal detection analysis revealed consistent associations for antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (p < 0.01) related to COA. Other associations included congenital cataracts and lens anomalies with desloratadine, congenital glaucoma with antiepileptics, and eyelid malformations with dermatological hydrocortisone.ConclusionsThis pharmacoepidemiological study in Europe analyzing COA following fetal medication exposure confirmed reported signals regarding opioids and COA and identified new associations. Validation in independent datasets is necessary to consolidate these findings.
A Generalized Machine Learning Model for Identifying Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs) Using ICD Codes
Authors: Shi Haoming , Book Wendy M. , Ivey Lindsey C. , Rodriguez Fred H. , Raskind‐Hood Cheryl , Downing Karrie F. , Farr Sherry L. , McCracken Courtney E. , Leedom Vinita O. , Haynes Susan E. , Amouzou Sandra , Sameni Reza , Kamaleswaran Rishikesan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundInternational Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes utilized for congenital heart defect (CHD) case identification in datasets have substantial false‐positive (FP) rates. Incorporating machine learning (ML) algorithms following case selection by ICD codes may improve the accuracy of CHD identification, enhancing surveillance efforts.MethodsTraditional ML methods were applied to four encounter‐level datasets, 2010–2019, for 3334 patients with validated diagnoses and with at least one CHD ICD code identified. A 5‐fold cross‐validation approach was applied to the dataset to determine the set of overlapping important features best classifying CHD cases. Training and testing combinations were explored to determine the approach yielding the most accurate CHD classification.ResultsCHD ICD positive predictive values (PPVs) by site ranged from 53.2% to 84.0%. The ML algorithm achieved a PPV of 95% (1273/1340) for the four‐site dataset with a false‐negative (FN) rate of 33% (639/1912) by choosing an operating point prioritizing PPV from the PPV–FN rate curve. XGBoost reduced 2105 Clinical Classification Software (CCS) features to 137 that identified those with true‐positive (TP) CHD and false‐positive FP classification.ConclusionApplying ML algorithms following case selection by CHD‐related ICD codes improved the accuracy of identifying TP true‐positive CHD cases.
Comparing Equivalence‐Based Instruction to a PowerPoint Video Lecture to Teach Differential Reinforcement Descriptors to College Students
Authors: Kelly‐Sisken Sabrina , Reeve Kenneth F. , McPheters Carol J. , Vladescu Jason C. , Reeve Sharon A. , Jennings Adrienne M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDifferential reinforcement (DR) procedures involve systematically arranging the environment to increase the future frequency of socially important behaviors while minimizing or eliminating problem behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of computerized stimulus equivalence‐based instruction (EBI) to a pre‐recorded voiceover PowerPoint lecture to teach definitions and examples of differential reinforcement procedures to college students. The three classes comprised textual stimuli characterizing differential reinforcement of other (DRO), alternative (DRA), and incompatible (DRI) behavior. Each class contained three members: name, definition, and short vignette examples. To program for generalization, two vignette exemplars were used during training while a third exemplar was used to assess stimulus generalization. We used a between‐subjects group design to compare pretest and posttest performances of EBI and lecture participants across (a) computer match‐to‐sample (MTS), (b) card sorting, and (c) written tests (fill‐in and multiple‐choice), with the latter two used to determine the degree to which class‐consistent responding generalized from selection‐based responding to other response topographies (i.e., sorting and writing). Results demonstrated that EBI produced greater score increases than lecture for MTS and card sorting tests, but increases were comparable for the two groups for both fill‐in and multiple‐choice written tests. Another posttest at 1 week showed maintenance of performance gains. Implications for using EBI to teach behavior analytic content are discussed.
What Is a Sustainable Company?
Authors: Thammaraksa Chonlawan , Hauschild Michael Zwicky , Pontoppidan Caroline Aggestam , Laurent Alexis 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDefining a sustainable company presents challenges due to evolving sustainability contexts, diverse theoretical perspectives, and conflicting definitions. This often results in overlooking broader, macrolevel sustainability constructs, leading to a fragmented understanding of what a sustainable company really is. To overcome these issues, this study synthesizes insights from multiple disciplines to form a holistic understanding of sustainability in business. A six‐dimensional framework for defining corporate sustainability is proposed, categorized into fundamental and managerial dimensions. Five fundamental dimensions are used to characterize and outline a “sustainability continuum” in a business context with respect to sustainable development principles. A conceptual methodology is outlined to address sustainability management, defined as the sixth dimension. Using the proposed framework, company challenges to reach the sustainability goals are discussed. In particular, the developed “sustainability continuum” offers clarity to the concept of business sustainability, enabling companies to evaluate their compliance with sustainability criteria and comprehend their sustainability status.
Super‐Enhancer Protects Cells From Toxicity of C9orf72 Poly(proline–arginine) by Inducing the Expression of KPNA2/KPNB1
Authors: Chen Miaomiao , Cui Henglu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Ma Shuyan , Guo Jinjing , Liu Zhaoxiu , Gu Donghua , Fan Yihui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9orf72 are the most common genetic mutation associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (C9‐ALS/FTD). Dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, such as poly(proline–arginine) (polyPR) generated from G4C2 repeat expansions, have been shown to be highly toxic. In this study, PR20 was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to track its cellular localization. Several cell lines demonstrated survival under PR20 treatment by sequestering PR20 in the cytoplasm. Treatment with JQ‐1 or Ivermectin (Iver) translocated PR20 into the nucleus, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, KPNA2/KPNB1 interacted with PR20 in the cytoplasm and hindered PR20 from entering the cell nucleus. Genetic silencing of KPNA2/KPNB1 converted PR20‐resistant cells into PR20‐sensitive cells. Treatment with JQ1 significantly reduced the protein levels of KPNA2/KPNB1, allowing PR20 to enter the nucleus. Overexpression of KPNA2 or KPNB1 effectively blocked cell death induced by co‐treatment with JQ‐1 and PR20. Our results indicate that super‐enhancers shield cells from PR20 toxicity by upregulating the expression of KPNA2/KPNB1.
Subacute Epiploic Appendagitis Masquerading as Left‐Sided Abdominal Pain in an Elderly Female: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Bhatt Jugal Hiren , Dutta Ujjwal P. , Kagathara Nency , Nagori Irfan , Neupane Srijana 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSubacute epiploic appendagitis (SEA) is a rare inflammatory condition involving the epiploic appendages of the colon. It often presents with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and can mimic various gastrointestinal disorders, leading to diagnostic challenges. Here, we present a case of a 74‐year‐old female who initially presented with left‐sided abdominal pain and incomplete stool emptying, raising suspicion for other conditions such as cathartic colon. However, imaging studies revealed characteristic findings suggestive of SEA, highlighting the importance of considering this rare entity in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain.
Ameloblastic Fibroma of the Mandible Presenting as a Dentinoid Formation in an 8‐Year‐Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Karna Priyambada , Rastogi Varun , Dhungel Dilasha , Chaurasia Sandhya 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAmeloblastic fibroma is an uncommon, benign, mixed odontogenic tumor characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components, without the formation of hard tissue. It constitutes approximately 1.5%–4.5% of all odontogenic tumors and predominantly affects the posterior mandible. Most cases are observed in individuals under 22 years of age, with a slight predilection for males. The initial presentation typically involves a painless, slow‐growing mass, often discovered incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. This lesion carries a risk of recurrence and potential for malignant transformation. We present a case of an 8‐year‐old female child who presented with a painless swelling in the right posterior mandibular region for 6 months, which was histologically characterized by dentinoid formation.
Bifocal metachronous dermato fibrosarcoma protuberans in children: A case report
Authors: Arfa Wajdi , Bouhajja Leila , Ghammem Mohamed , Amri Mohamed , Farah Faten , Jlalia Zied , Jenzri Mourad 
Published: February 2025

Key Clinical MessageDermato fibrosarcoma protuberans presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment, especially in children. Awareness of its aggressive local recurrence and its potential for multifocal presentation is crucial. Wide surgical resection with adequate margins remains the basis of management, in association with regular follow‐up of affected patients.AbstractDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, locally aggressive cutaneous sarcoma, particularly uncommon in children. We report the case of a 13‐year‐old boy who initially presented with a firm mass on the left foot, later diagnosed as DFSP following histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The tumor was surgically excised with a wide margin, and a skin graft was used for coverage. Despite an initial favorable outcome, a new DFSP lesion developed at the proximal left thigh 1 year later, requiring further wide surgical excision and coverage with a tensor fascia lata flap. Both sites remained free of recurrence at one‐year follow‐up. This case underscores the importance of long‐term vigilance in managing DFSP due to the potential risk of recurrence and multifocal involvement.
Rare case of metronidazole‐induced encephalopathy in a multiple transplant recipient: Clinical and radiological insights
Authors: Draidi Mahmoud , Abdullah Ibtesam , Abbarh Shahem , Kolleri Jouhar , Sawaf Bisher , Alastal Yaseen 
Published: February 2025

Key Clinical MessageMetronidazole‐induced encephalopathy (MIE) is a rare but reversible condition that can present with nonspecific neurological symptoms, making early recognition and diagnosis challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial in identifying typical brain lesions associated with MIE. Prompt discontinuation of metronidazole typically results in symptom resolution and improvement in MRI findings.
Hybrid Polymer‐Liquid Electrolytes and Their Interactions with Electrode Materials
Authors: Cattaruzza Martina , Johansson Mats , Lindbergh Göran , Liu Fang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo address the increasing demand for efficient, safe, and sustainable energy storage solutions in the transition towards renewable energy and electrified society, this study explores hybrid polymer‐liquid electrolytes (HEs) as a novel solution to overcome challenges of traditional liquid electrolytes used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Particularly, the research is focused on polymerization‐induced phase separation (PIPS) synthesized HEs with distinct phase‐separated systems, where an ion‐conducting liquid phase percolates the macropores and mesopores within the formed thermoset solid phase. This study investigates the feasibility of using HEs with commercial cathodes and highlights their respective merits and challenges. The feasibility of infusing and forming HEs in commercial cathodes via PIPS within both micron‐sized and nano‐sized confined spaces is proved. By incorporating these HE‐infused electrodes into half‐cell configurations, the study proves that the HEs are compatible with common cathodes, and they exhibit energy density comparable with traditional systems with liquid electrolyte.
Lantern‐Like Diplatinum(III)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Free Borylation or Silylation of Alkynes
Authors: Wang Chuntao , Long Xianyang , Cao Tongxiang , Zhu Shifa 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryBinuclear platinum(III) complexes were known for their high index of antitumor activity and a lower associated nephrotoxicity. However, the chemistry and reactivity of binuclear platinum(III) compounds have not yet been explored to the same extent as those of platinum(II) and platinum(IV) species. Here, we reported the first binuclear platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation, monoborylation and diboration reaction of alkynes with excellent selectivity and yield. Moreover, the mechanistic investigation by control experiments, kinetic isotope effect (KIE) study, Hammett plots, NMR spectra, UV−vis spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveal that the Pt(III)2‐catalyzed reactions pass through a σ‐bond metathesis process rather than the two‐electron redox processes of the mononuclear platinum catalysis. Moreover, there are two different rate‐determining steps, in which the migratory insertion step dominates the rate of electron deficient substates and σ‐bond metathesis process dominates electron rich counterparts, respectively.
Highly Water‐Soluble Sulfonatopropoxylated Cucurbit[8]urils as Excipients for Drug Solubilization and Bioavailability Enhancement of Remdesivir
Authors: Xing Jiabin , Li Yong‐Sheng , Lin Qihan , Liu Yue‐Yang , Li Qian , Qi Qiao‐Yan , Wang Hui , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Zhou Wei , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryA series of sulfonatopropoxylated cucurbit[8]uril derivatives (SPECB8s) with water‐solubility ranging from 344 mmol/L to 360 mmol/L have been prepared. One of the derivatives SPE5.5CB8 bearing an average of 5.5 sulfonatopropoxy side chains has been revealed to display high biocompatibility, with maximum tolerated dose being as high as 2500 mg/kg for mice. Phase solubility diagram investigations illustrate that SPE5.5CB8 can solubilize eighteen poorly soluble drugs and, for fifteen of them including remdesivir, its solubilization efficiency is higher than that of Captisol, the most widely used β‐cyclodextrin‐derived excipient for drug formulation. Moreover, the improved solubilization for remdesivir, which is formulated by Captisol for clinical use, can lead to important increase of its antiviral activity as compared with Captisol.
The quantile‐based classifier with variable‐wise parameters
Authors: Berrettini Marco , Hennig Christian Martin , Viroli Cinzia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantile‐based classifiers can classify high‐dimensional observations by minimizing a discrepancy of an observation to a class based on suitable quantiles of the within‐class distributions, corresponding to a unique percentage for all variables. The present work extends these classifiers by introducing a way to determine potentially different optimal percentages for different variables. Furthermore, a variable‐wise scale parameter is introduced. A simple greedy algorithm to estimate the parameters is proposed. Their consistency in a nonparametric setting is proved. Experiments using artificially generated and real data confirm the potential of the quantile‐based classifier with variable‐wise parameters.