bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of growth hormone‐ and prolactin‐containing acidophils with peroxidase‐labeled antibody
Authors: Baker Burton L. , Midgley A. Rees , Gersten Brian E. , Yu Ya‐Yen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to verify the concept that growth hormone and prolactin are contained in two different populations of acidophils, sections of Bouin‐fixed rat hypophyses were stained immunochemically. For this purpose the histochemical demonstration of peroxidase was utilized after sequential application to the tissue section of rabbit antiserum to human growth hormone (or antiserum to rat prolactin) followed by application of peroxidase‐labeled sheep antiserum to rabbit gamma‐globulin. It was found that growth hormone cells and prolactin cells, when revealed immunochemically, corresponded structurally to cell types that could be differentiated with reasonable certainty in sections stained with the Masson trichrome procedure. When delineated immunochemically, growth hormone cells were larger and more densely arranged in the adult male than in the intact female; they exhibited little change in the female after ovariectomy. In contrast, prolactin cells were large and frequent in the female hypophysis but were small and less frequent in the male and in the female after ovariectomy. By double‐staining, growth hormone and prolactin cells were differentiated in the same section. It was concluded that (a) growth hormone and prolactin are contained in, and presumably secreted by, two different populations of acidophils; and (b) the Masson procedure permits a reasonably accurate differentiation of the two cell types.
The fine structure of autonomic nerves after vital staining with methylene blue
Authors: Richardson K. C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAutonomic nerves in the rat, mouse, guinea‐pig and cat were vitally stained with methylene blue and examined electron‐microscopically after fixation in potassium permanganate. Dense patches in the axoplasm and swelling of mitochondria were found in the stained axons. By controlling the pH and saturating with oxygen, only cholinergic axons were stained at pH 6.5–7.0 whereas at pH 5.0–5.3 both cholinergic and adrenergic axons stained. Similar results were obtained by immersion in a bath at controlled temperature as with close arterial perfusion of dye into pelvic viscera. The intermediate pH at which adrenergic axons begin to stain could not be determined. However, as a means of identifying cholinergic axons, particularly those sectioned at a level where no agranular vesicles occur, M B staining is unreliable because not all cholinergic axons respond. In sympathectomized rat iris lacking adrenergic axons altogether, some of the persisting cholinergic axons remained unstained. Experiments with M B thiocyanate and M B chloride in phosphate‐citrate or succinate‐HCl buffer indicated that purity of dyestuff was less important than pH control. Methods for electron‐microscopical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase are more useful for distinguishing cholinergic axons especially if adrenergic nerve vesicles are I reserved in the same preparation by the initial fixation.
Ultrastructure of schwann and perineural sheaths at the mouse neuromuscular junction
Authors: Saito Atushi , Zacks Sumner I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIntramuscular nerve branches are covered by a complex of epithelial sheaths which decrease in thickness and complexity as the nerves branch to reach ultimate termination of neuromuscular junctions. The outermost layer (epineurium) of intramuscular nerves is composed of thin processes of fibrocytes lacking basement lamina and associated with parallel bundles of collagen. Internal to this layer are two or three layers of interdigitating perineural cells covered with basement lamina. The innermost layer is frequently incompletely covered by basement lamina within the perineural sheath. Schwann cells covered with basement lamina enclose myelinated and unmyelinated axons.In the region of neuromuscular junctions, the basement lamina of Schwann cell processes merge with the myofiber basement lamina. Thin perineural cell processes form a bell‐shaped covering which does not reach the muscle basement lamina. The relationships of myelin to the axon as the terminal axon emerges from the Schwann cell closely resembles the relationships of these structures in nodes of Ranvier.
Histochemical observation on the phosphatase activities of the differentiating taste bud
Authors: Nada Osami , Iwayama Takashi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAdenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities of the developing taste buds were observed histochemically in the rat circumvallate papilla.Adenosine triphosphatase activity was already demonstrable in a cluster of cells in the epithelium of the papilla on the first day of birth, when taste buds could not yet be morphologically identified. The cells with the activity are certainly considered as the differentiating taste bud cells. These cells took the form of a bud similar to the adult one about the fourth day of life.Alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated first on the superficial cell layers of the epithelium of its apical surface as well as on that of the epithelium in the gutter of circumvallate papilla just after birth. The activity in the gutter then rapidly increased, while the activity of the apical surface abruptly decreased and disappeared on the second day of life.Acid phosphatase was demonstrable only in some cells of the taste bud on the fourth day of life. The final pattern of the activity, which is found in the supranuclear cytoplasm of taste bud cells, was established after the eighth day of life.
The purkinje cell cilium
Authors: Del Cerro Manuel P. , Snider Ray S. , Lou Oster Mary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the course of ultrastructural studies on the cerebellar cortex of young rats a cilium was found in some Purkinje cells. The shaft, which is 1800 to 2000 ÅR thick, has an internal portion inside the cell body and an external one projecting into the neuropile. The basal body is consistently located near the Golgi apparatus. Rootlets with periodic cross‐striations (interperiod distance of 525 ÅR) are attached to the basal body. The size and characteristics of the Purkinje cell cilium and its constituent parts compare with similar structures in the cilia of other cell types of the cerebellar cortex. Whether all or only some of the Purkinje cells have a cilium has not yet been determined. Possible functional roles of these organoids are considered.
The fine structure of the extracellular matrix during epithelio‐mesenchymal interactions in the rabbit embryonic incisor
Authors: Slavkin Harold C. , Bringas P. , Lebaron R. , Cameron J. , Bavetta L. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of the extracellular matrix during epithelio‐mesenchymal interactions in the rabbit embryonic tooth germ is described using light and electron microscopy. Observations are restricted to the labial cervical loop region at the bell stage of development in maxillary and mandibular incisor tooth germs. Histochemical methods demonstrate a PAS‐positive basement membrane between outer enamel epithelial cells and adjacent undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The metachromatic region circumscribes the dental papilla region, becoming more intense and wider in association with cells illustrative of more advanced stages of differentiation. Ultrastructural observations of the basal lamina associated with outer enamel epithelial cells, cervical proliferating epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and with inner enamel epithelial cells and pre‐odontoblasts are reported. The characteristic mesenchymal filopodia appeared in close proximity to the basal lamina. Microfibrils are seen as depositions on the basal lamina and in association with filopodia. The concentration of intercellular microfibrils is increased when in association with epithelia showing advanced differentiation. Collagen fibrils are frequently noted in peripheral association with mesenchymal cells but not adherent to the basal lamina. Numerous homotypic and heterotypic cell junctions are seen. An understanding of intercellular communication between heterotypic cells may be enhanced by postulating a dual developmental origin for the microfibrils associated with the basal lamina. The under surface of the basal lamina facing the extended mesenchymal filopodia appears to be a significant factor during epithelio‐mesenchymal interactions, subsequent extracellular matrix formation, and morphogenesis.
Ultrastructural organization and histochemical profile of adult fowl choroid plexus epithelium
Authors: Doolin Paul F. , Birge Wesley J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe choroid plexus epithelial cell of adult fowl is columnar with an irregular apical border of smooth‐surfaced microvilli and cilia. Bi‐nucleate cells occur frequently. Coated plasmalemma pits and vesicles (∼ 1000 Å) are present at all margins of the cell. Smaller coated vesicles (600–700 Å), found in variable numbers throughout the apical zone, tend to be concentrated in the Golgi region. Sparse to profuse amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are found throughout the cell with tubular whorled configurations occasionally noted in the subnuclear cytoplasm. Parallel arrays of RER extend from the cell base, around the nucleus, to the Golgi zone. Oval, fine granular masses occur in the subnuclear area. Free ribosomes are distributed throughout the cell. An array of diverse dense bodies and a few multi‐vesicular bodies lie near the Golgi complex. Variable amounts of smooth ER are present in the supra‐nuclear region. Toluidine blue, pH 4.0, demonstrates a heavy subnuclear condensation of cytoplasmic RNA. After sulfation, the apical margin and basement membrane are made metachromatic by Toluidine blue. A diastase‐resistant, strong PAS positive reaction occurs in the apical border and basement membrane. Lateral cell margins are lightly stained with PAS. Alcian blue and colloidal iron intensely color the microvillous border. Bromphenol blue and bromsulfalein heavily stain the apical and basal zones of all cells.
Leucocytic infiltration into the hypoglossal nucleus following injury to the hypoglossal nerve
Authors: Adrian E. K. , Smothermon R. D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTritiated thymidine was injected into adult female A/J mice at 24, 20, and 16 hours before transection of the left hypoglossal nerve. These animals and uninjured controls that received the same sequence of tritiated thymidine injections were sacrificed by perfusion fixation at either 4, 8, 16 or 35 days after the time of the injury. At all time intervals after injury there were several times more labeled cells in the nucleus of the injured nerve than were found in the right hypoglossal nucleus of the same animals. However, the right hypoglossal nucleus of the injured animals had significantly more labeled cells than were found in the hypoglossal nuclei of the uninjured control animals. Labeled mitotic figures were present in the nucleus of the injured nerve on the fourth day after injury. Since no tritiated thymidine should have been available at the time of injury or afterward to label cells that proliferated in response to the injury, the difference in the number of labeled cells between the injured animals and the controls is attributed to an infiltration of labeled mononuclear leucocytes.
Observations on the histochemical and chemical distribution of glycogen in the chick heart
Authors: Czarnecki Caroline M. , Carpenter Anna‐Mary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe distribution of glycogen in chick hearts was studied during incubation and one week following hatching. Concurrent histochemical and chemical studies revealed a gradual increase in the deposition of glycogen during the first half of incubation. During the latter half of incubation the average content of chemically extractable glycogen remained relatively stable until day 19 when a significant decline (p < 0.001) was noted. This decrease was attributed chiefly to the decline in the acid‐soluble fraction.Throughout the incubation period significantly greater (p = 0.05) amounts of chemically extractable glycogen were present in the left chambers and interventricular septum than in the right chambers. These differences were not evident in the post‐hatched chick.Histochemically, glycogen was demonstrated in the chick hearts throughout the incubation period, but no appreciable amount was detected in the hearts one week after hatching. Chemical analysis of the latter revealed that the glycogen content was below the threshold thought to be necessary for its histochemical demonstration.Parallel decreases noted in both the depth of stain intensity and the acid‐soluble fraction serve as further evidence that the acid‐soluble fraction is primarily responsible for the histochemical reaction observed with glycogen stains.
A comparative study of sebaceous gland ultrastructure in subhuman primates. I. Galago crassicaudatus, G. senegalensis and G. demidovii
Authors: Bell Mary 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe differentiating sebaceous cells in three species of galagos have different structural configurations of cytoplasmic membranes. The type unique to G. senegalensis consists of groups of six tubules, which intersect at common centers. The tubules of this configuration probably represent a specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum. A second specialized form of agranular endoplasmic reticulum is found in all three species of galagos; this configuration consists of grids of intersecting tubules that are ∼400 Å in diameter. Individual tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum are also abundant in the cells.Another disposition of cytopalsmic membranes, found only in G. crassicaudatus, is significantly different from the others. In this structure, membranes intersect in three planes to form hexagrams. All of these configurations are closely associated with single, dispersed profiles of predominantly agranular endoplasmic reticulum and sebum vesicles.
Effects of ACTH on membranous whorls in the adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil
Authors: Nickerson Peter A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructure of whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the adrenal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) was examined during and after treatment with ACTH. Whorls were loosely wound after treatment for one day and consisted of only a few paired membranes. Focal areas of increased tubular smooth endoplasmic reticulum were seen throughout the cytoplasm of the cells. Whorls disappeared altogether after three days of ACTH treatment. The structures reappeared one day after stopping the ACTH injections and seemed to enlarge progressively by addition of membranes to the periphery of the structures. Numerous vesicles and sometimes parallel cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells containing newly forming whorls. The whorls apparently serve as a readily available reserve of rough endoplasmic reticulum, which can transform into smooth reticulum upon stimulation with ACTH.
The development of the human wrist joint during the fetal period
Authors: Lewis O. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecent morphological studies have revealed that the hominoid ulna has become progressively excluded from direct articulation with the carpus by the elaboration of an intervening intra‐articular meniscus, which in gibbons contains a bony lunula. In man this meniscus has merged with the triangular articular disk, forming a confluent proximal articular surface and constricting off a diverticulum of the synovial radiocarpal cavity, the prestyloid recess, which may lodge the ulnar styloid process. The present study reassesses the development of the human fetal joint in the light of these findings. Initially separate radioscaphoid, radiolunate and ulnotriquetral synovial cavities communicate to form a single continuous wrist joint cavity; the pisotriquetral cavity, at first independent, frequently establishes continuity with the wrist joint cavity, the normal condition in most Primates. After the 60 mm C. R. stage the ulna withdraws from the carpus and an intervening meniscus and prestyloid recess are elaborated. In a number of specimens a cartilaginous nodule, the so‐called intermedium antebrachii, has been observed adjacent to the ulnar styloid process. There is little doubt that this nodule, which may ossify, is homologous with the gibbon lunula.
Effects of age and exercise on the extent of the myocardial capillary bed
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe age‐related response of the ventricular capillary bed to enhanced work loads was investigated in male albino rats. During the 12‐week experimental period young, adult and old animals were trained on a motor‐driven treadmill. Resting bradycardia was found to occur after 8–12 weeks of training. Demonstration of the ventricular capillary bed was accomplished by injecting Pelikan biological ink retrograde into the ascending aorta of a beating heart. Capillary/muscle fiber ratios were slightly (6.5–9.5% ), but significantly, increased in all trained groups. The number of capillaries/mm2 decreased with age but was higher in trained animals. Thus while aging is associated with a decrease in the concentration of ventricular capillaries, chronic exercise provides some mechanism which enhances the extent of the capillary bed.
Continuous trophic influence of chromatolysed gustatory neurons on taste buds
Authors: Zalewski Andrew A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTaste buds are believed to be morphologically dependent on a neurohumor that is supplied by the intact gustatory nerve because after nerve transection the buds disappear. Since taste buds regenerate after reinnervation by peripheral or central fibers of the nodose ganglion, the present experiment was performed to determine whether chromatolysed gustatory neurons could support taste buds. The denervated vallate papillae of adult rats was reinnervated by the central fibers of the nodose ganglion and, after a time sufficient to allow for nerve and bud regeneration, the peripheral fibers of the ganglion were cut. Despite undergoing the typical chromatolytic reaction, the gustatory neurons still maintained the taste buds. The number and appearance of the buds found was similar to that seen in control centrally reinnervated papillae, Transection of the central fibers did, however, cause the disappearance of the buds. The results demonstrate that chromatolysed gustatory neurons can support taste buds, and it is concluded that the metabolic changes which occur in chromatolysed gustatory neurons do not interfere with their trophic function.
Laminated cytoplasmic bodies and annulate lamellae in the cat ventrobasal and posterior thalamus
Authors: Herman Mary M. , Ralston Henry J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLarge and small laminated cytoplasmic bodies are reported in neurons and dendrites of the ventrobasal and posterior (PO) nuclear groups of the thalamus of the cat. The bodies are more frequently seen in dendritic profiles than in nerve cell bodies. They differ in size, as well as in number and complexity of orientation of the constituent tubules. Their topographic relationship to endoplasmic reticulum, synapses and adhesion plaques is noted and their possible evolution is discussed.A single collection of annulate lamellae is described in the perinuclear soma of one neuron.
Plasmacytopoiesis in the pronephros of the carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Smith A. Mason , Wivel Nelson A. , Potter Michael 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA light and electron microscopy study of the structure of the pronephros of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, revealed lymphocytopoiesis, plasmacytopoiesis and erythrocytopoiesis. In addition to the lymphocytes of various sizes, there were transitional cells which had characteristics of both lymphocytes and plasma cells. Some of the plasmacytoid cells had a configuration of cytoplasmic granules suggestive of the Russell body formation described in higher mammalian forms. When India ink particles were injected into the fish intraperitoneally, macrophages containing this marker could be found in the pronephros. The highly vascular structure of this organ emphasized the close association of the cellular elements with the circulating blood. In view of the cell population of the pronephros and its role as a major source of cells producing antibody, it may well represent a primitive prototype of the more advanced mammalian lymph node.
The origin of the trabeculated ventricular septum in the chick embryo as determined by radioautographic mapping
Authors: Rosenquist Glenn C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe origin of the presumptive ventricular septum (PVS) in the chick embryo was traced by radioautographic analysis of the movements of tritiated thymidine‐labeled grafts excised from medium streak (MS) to three somite (3S) stage embryos and transplanted to the primitive streak and endoderm‐mesoderm layer of similarly staged recipient embryos. The migration of the PVS was traced from the streak into the heart of the early limb bud (ELB) stage embryos by combining the pathways of at least three labeled grafts, since none of the 15 embryos reported here developed all the way from the MS to the ELB stage.At the MS stage the PVS cells are in the primitive streak approximately halfway between the anterior and posterior ends of the streak. Beginning at the late medium streak (LMS) stage, they migrate into the mesoderm of the lateral plate, anterior and lateral to the streak; during the early somite stages they are folded to the midline as part of the splanchnic mesoderm, where they form part of the atrial and ventricular myocardium at the 13S stage; they move into their definitive position at the apex of the ventricle by the ELB stage.
Changes in neurochemistry and neuronal morphology after exposure of the mouse brain to lethal levels of focal irradiation
Authors: Samorajski T. , Rolsten Carolyn , Curtis Howard J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe brains of normal and irradiated C57BL/J6 adult female mice were studied for morphologic and biochemical differences at four and six hours after focal brain irradiation when the animals first experienced seizures and, at the terminal phase just prior to death. Focal irradiation of the brain was performed under stereotaxic conditions with microbeams delivered through a 5.0 × 9.0 mm aperture to the dorsal surface of the brain at an adsorbed surface dose of 50,000 rad.An analysis of variance did not indicate any difference in brain weight or in DNA, RNA, or protein concentration due to irradiation. There was a significant increase in 5‐HT and NE concentration, and in AChE activity in the brains of the irradiated groups. Histochemical observations failed to show differences in the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity. However, localization of ATPase activity associated with the blood vessels was more diffuse in the irradiated regions of the brain. Biochemical comparisons of ATPase activity indicated that there was a change in the subcellular distribution of ATPase enzyme following irradiation. Light and electron microscopic comparisons revealed a selective damage to astrocytes and dendritic processes in irradiated regions of the cortex.