bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schumpeter Lecture 2023: Rationality and Zero Risk
Authors: Gilboa ⓡ Itzhak , Minardi ⓡ Stefania , Wang Fan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We adopt a definition of “rationality” as robustness to analysis: A mode of behavior is rational for a decision maker if she feels comfortable with it once it has been analyzed and explained to her. With this definition in mind, is it irrational to violate continuity axioms in one’s stated preferences? Specifically, does it make sense to avoid any positive probability of a negative outcome, no matter how small? Or, if a decision maker states such a “zero risk” policy, does she mean what she says? We propose to study this question axiomatically, asking which modes of behavior correspond to such statements. The baseline model evaluates a lottery by its expected utility and an extra additive term that measures the cost of deviating from a “zero risk” choice. A generalized version allows for multiple sets of principles, where the cost of risking a set of principles is added to the expected utility of a lottery. Stronger assumptions imply that the cost of violating a set of principles is additive in the individual costs. We develop a comparative behavioral analysis that allows making interpersonal comparisons about the relative importance of principles.
Actigraphy-derived measures of sleep and risk of prostate cancer in the UK Biobank
Authors: Freeman Joshua R , Saint-Maurice Pedro F , Watts Eleanor L , Moore Steven C , Shams-White Marissa M , Wolff-Hughes Dana L , Russ Daniel E , Almeida Jonas S , Caporaso Neil E , Hong Hyokyoung G , Loftfield Erikka , Matthews Charles E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Studies of sleep and prostate cancer are almost entirely based on self-report, with limited research using actigraphy. Our goal was to evaluate actigraphy-measured sleep and prostate cancer and to expand on findings from prior studies of self-reported sleep.

Methods
We prospectively examined 34 260 men without a history of prostate cancer in the UK Biobank. Sleep characteristics were measured over 7 days using actigraphy. We calculated sleep duration, onset, midpoint, wake-up time, social jetlag (difference in weekend-weekday sleep midpoints), sleep efficiency (percentage of time spent asleep between onset and wake-up time), and wakefulness after sleep onset. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate covariate-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
Over 7.6 years, 1152 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Sleep duration was not associated with prostate cancer risk. Sleep midpoint earlier than 4:00 am was not associated with prostate cancer risk, though sleep midpoint of 5:00 am or later was suggestively associated with lower prostate cancer risk but had limited precision (earlier than 4:00 am vs 4:00-4:59 am HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.16; 5:00 am or later vs 4:00-4:59 am HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.10). Social jetlag was not associated with greater prostate cancer risk (1 to &lt;2 hours vs &lt;1 hour HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.89 to 1.25; ≥2 hours vs &lt;1 hour HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.26). Compared with men who averaged less than 30 minutes of wakefulness after sleep onset per day, men with 60 minutes or more had a higher risk of prostate cancer (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.43).

Conclusions
Of the sleep characteristics studied, higher wakefulness after sleep onset—a measure of poor sleep quality—was associated with greater prostate cancer risk. Replication of our findings between wakefulness after sleep onset and prostate cancer are warranted.
Epistemic injustice: complicity and promise in education
Authors: Nikolaidis A C , Thompson Winston C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 2007 publication of Miranda Fricker’s celebrated book Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing gave way to a burgeoning area of study in philosophy of education. The book’s arguments create a context for expanding the scope of work on epistemic issues in education by moving beyond direct explorations of the distribution of epistemic goods and the role of power in curriculum development. Since that time, the rich scholarship on epistemic injustice in philosophy of education examines a variety of topics, including the impact of epistemic injustice on the experiences of teachers and learners more broadly (focussing mostly on students who are marginalized along lines of race, gender, class, and ability, amongst others) and the implications of epistemic injustice for educational research, policy, and practice. This special issue extends this line of work by compiling a set of articles that address a broad range of topics, some of which are well established in the literature and some of which open new lines of inquiry in the field. In doing so, the issue aims to establish the intersection of epistemic injustice and education as a distinct area of study that holds great significance and potential. In this paper, A. C. Nikolaidis and Winston C. Thompson introduce the issue by discussing these contributions, explaining why education is central to the study of epistemic injustice (and vice versa), and exploring the complex nature of epistemic injustice and education as revealed in the articles that comprise this collection—namely, education’s simultaneous complicity as a perpetrator and promise as a disruptor of epistemic injustice.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches elucidate the systemic response of wheat plants under waterlogging
Authors: Cid Geeisy Angela , Francioli Davide , Kolb Steffen , Tandron Moya Yudelsy Antonia , von Wirén Nicolaus , Hajirezaei Mohammad-Reza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Extreme weather conditions lead to significant imbalances in crop productivity, which in turn affect food security. Flooding events cause serious problems for many crop species such as wheat. Although metabolic readjustments under flooding are important for plant regeneration, underlying processes remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the systemic response of wheat to waterlogging using metabolomics and transcriptomics. A 12 d exposure to excess water triggered nutritional imbalances and disruption of metabolite synthesis and translocation, reflected by reductions in plant biomass and growth performance. Metabolic and transcriptomic profiling in roots, xylem sap, and leaves indicated anaerobic fermentation processes as a local response in roots. Differentially expressed genes and ontological categories revealed that carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the systemic response. Analysis of the composition of xylem exudates revealed decreased root-to-shoot translocation of nutrients, hormones, and amino acids. Interestingly, among all metabolites measured in xylem exudates, alanine was the most abundant. Immersion of excised leaves derived from waterlogged plants in alanine solution led to increased leaf glucose concentration. Our results suggest an important role of alanine not only as an amino-nitrogen donor but also as a vehicle for carbon skeletons to produce glucose de novo and meet the energy demand during waterlogging.
The scent of roses, a bouquet of fragrance diversity
Authors: Noh Yuo-Myoung , Ait Hida Amal , Raymond Olivier , Comte Gilles , Bendahmane Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Roses have been domesticated since antiquity for their therapeutic, cosmetic, and ornamental properties. Their floral fragrance has great economic value, which has influenced the production of rose varieties. The production of rose water and essential oil is one of the most lucrative activities, supplying bioactive molecules to the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic industries. In recent years, major advances in molecular genetics, genomic, and biochemical tools have paved the way for the identification of molecules that make up the specific fragrance of various rose cultivars. The aim of this review is to highlight current knowledge on metabolite profiles, and more specifically on fragrance compounds, as well as the specificities and differences between rose species and cultivars belonging to different rose sections and how they contribute to modern roses fragrance.
The Domestic Music Market and Musical Circulation in Two Late-Georgian Binders’ Volumes from the North-East of England
Authors: Gibson Kirsten , Southey Roz 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
This article introduces two late-Georgian binders’ volumes of printed vocal and keyboard sheet music held at Newcastle upon Tyne’s Literary and Philosophical Society. Both volumes display connections with the north-east of England, and, as we argue, were most likely compiled in the region in the last decades of the eighteenth century and the opening decades of the nineteenth. These volumes have not received scholarly attention, yet a close examination enables us to expand the scope of previous studies on musical circulation and the music trade, and to contribute new insights to the emerging national picture. They shed light on patterns of the acquisition, circulation, and consumption of music alongside mapping the nexus of print centres—in this case, London, Edinburgh, and Newcastle—on which consumers of domestic sheet music in the north-east of England might have drawn to access the latest musical materials. We begin by examining the physical, bibliographical, and musical features of the volumes to explore questions of dating, ownership, and their connections with the north-east of England, and go on to consider the routes through which the music they contain might have been obtained by music consumers in the region. Finally, we explore the contents of these volumes, setting them against the national picture of domestic music consumption, and consider their contents from the perspective of gendered modes of consumption, local politics and identity, and national polite music culture. In so doing, we elucidate how two domestic musicians in the north-east of England engaged with local and national musical culture in the composition of their personal music books and the fashioning of their social and musical identities.
Future trajectories of the Solar System: dynamical simulations of stellar encounters within 100 au
Authors: Raymond Sean N , Kaib Nathan A , Selsis Franck , Bouy Herve 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Given the inexorable increase in the Sun’s luminosity, Earth will exit the habitable zone in ∼1 Gyr. There is a negligible chance that Earth’s orbit will change during that time through internal Solar System dynamics. However, there is a ∼ 1 per cent chance per Gyr that a star will pass within 100 au of the Sun. Here, we use N-body simulations to evaluate the possible evolutionary pathways of the planets under the perturbation from a close stellar passage. We find a ∼ 92 per cent chance that all eight planets will survive on orbits similar to their current ones if a star passes within 100 au of the Sun. Yet a passing star may disrupt the Solar System, by directly perturbing the planets’ orbits or by triggering a dynamical instability. Mercury is the most fragile, with a destruction rate (usually via collision with the Sun) higher than that of the four giant planets combined. The most probable destructive pathways for Earth are to undergo a giant impact (with the Moon or Venus) or to collide with the Sun. Each planet may find itself on a very different orbit than its present-day one, in some cases with high eccentricities or inclinations. There is a small chance that Earth could end up on a more distant (colder) orbit, through re-shuffling of the system’s orbital architecture, ejection into interstellar space (or into the Oort cloud), or capture by the passing star. We quantify plausible outcomes for the post-flyby Solar System.
The influence of black holes on the binary population of the globular cluster Palomar 5
Authors: Wang Long , Gieles Mark , Baumgardt Holger , Li Chengyuan , Pang Xiaoying , Tang Baitian 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The discovery of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) in globular clusters (GCs) raises the possibility of long-term retention of BHs within GCs. These BHs influence various astrophysical processes, including merger-driven gravitational waves and the formation of X-ray binaries. They also impact cluster dynamics by heating and creating low-density cores. Previous N-body models suggested that Palomar 5, a low-density GC with long tidal tails, may contain more than 100 BHs. To test this scenario, we conduct N-body simulations of Palomar 5 with primordial binaries to explore the influence of BHs on binary populations and the stellar mass function. Our results show that primordial binaries have minimal effect on the long-term evolution. In dense clusters with BHs, the fraction of wide binaries with periods &gt;105 d decreases, and the disruption rate is independent of the initial period distribution. Multi-epoch spectroscopic observations of line-of-sight velocity changes can detect most bright binaries with periods below 104 d, significantly improving velocity dispersion measurements. Four BH-MS binaries in the model with BHs suggests their possible detection through the same observation method. Including primordial binaries leads to a flatter inferred mass function because of spatially unresolved binaries, leading to a better match of the observations than models without binaries, particularly in Palomar 5’s inner region. Future observations should focus on the cluster velocity dispersion and binaries with periods of 104–105 d in Palomar 5’s inner and tail regions to constrain BH existence.
Modeling and controlling the body in maladaptive ways: an active inference perspective on non-suicidal self-injury behaviors
Authors: Laura Barca , Maisto Domenico , Pezzulo Giovani 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA significant number of persons engage in paradoxical behaviors, such as extreme food restriction (up to starvation) and non-suicidal self-injuries, especially during periods of rapid changes, such as adolescence. Here, we contextualize these and related paradoxical behavior within an active inference view of brain functions, which assumes that the brain forms predictive models of bodily variables, emotional experiences, and the embodied self and continuously strives to reduce the uncertainty of such models. We propose that not only in conditions of excessive or prolonged uncertainty, such as in clinical conditions, but also during pivotal periods of developmental transition, paradoxical behaviors might emerge as maladaptive strategies to reduce uncertainty—by “acting on the body”— soliciting salient perceptual and interoceptive sensations, such as pain or excessive levels of hunger. Although such strategies are maladaptive and run against our basic homeostatic imperatives, they might be functional not only to provide some short-term reward (e.g. relief from emotional distress)—as previously proposed—but also to reduce uncertainty and possibly to restore a coherent model of one’s bodily experience and the self, affording greater confidence in who we are and what course of actions we should pursue.
Histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves delayed recall: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bell Simon M , Hariharan Rohit , Laud Peter J , Majid Arshad , de Courten Barbora 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
Histidine-containing dipeptides (carnosine, anserine, beta-alanine and others) are found in human muscle tissue and other organs like the brain. Data in rodents and humans indicate that administration of exogenous carnosine improved cognitive performance. However, RCTs results vary.

Objectives
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of histidine-containing dipeptide (HCD) supplementation on cognitive performance in humans to assess its utility as a cognitive stabiliser.

Data Sources
OVID Medline, Medline, EBM Reviews, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from 1/1/1965 to 1/6/2022 for all RCT of HCDs were searched.

Data Extraction
2653 abstracts were screened, identifying 94 full-text articles which were assessed for eligibility. Ten articles reporting the use of HCD supplementation were meta-analysed.

Data Analysis
The random effects model has been applied using the DerSimonian-Laird method. HCD treatment significantly increased performance on Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) −2 Delayed recall (Weighted mean difference (WMD) (95% CI (CI)) = 1.5 (0.6, 2.5), P &lt; .01). Treatment with HCDs had no effect on Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (WMD (95% CI) = −0.2 (−1.1, 0.7), P = .65, I2 = 0%), Mini-Mental State Examination (WMD (95% CI) = 0.7 (−0.2, 1.5), P = .14, I2 = 42%), The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Digit span Backward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.1 (−0.3, 0.5), P = .51, I2 = 0%), WAIS digit span Forward (WMD (95% CI) = 0.0 (−0.3, 0.4), P = .85, I2 = 33%) and the WMS-1 Immediate recall (WMD (95% CI) = .7 (−.2, 1.5), P = .11, I2 = 0%). The effect on delayed recall remained in subgroup meta-analysis performed on studies of patients without mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and in those without MCI where average age in the study was above 65.

Conclusion
HCD, supplementation improved scores on the Delayed recall examination, a neuropsychological test affected early in Alzheimer’s disease. Further studies are needed in people with early cognitive impairment with longer follow-up duration and standardization of carnosine doses to delineate the true effect.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.
Objective sleep and cardiometabolic biomarkers: results from the community of mine study
Authors: Zamora Steven , Full Kelsie M , Ambeba Erica , Savin Kimberly , Crist Katie , Natarajan Loki , Sears Dorothy D , Alismail Sarah , Letellier Noémie , Benmarhnia Tarik , Jankowska Marta M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
Examining multiple dimensions of sleep health may better capture associations between sleep and health risks, including cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Hispanics have elevated risk for inadequate sleep and CMD biomarkers. Few studies have explored whether associations between sleep and CMD differ by Hispanic ethnicity.

Methods
Leveraging data from the Community of Mine (CoM) study, a cross-sectional investigation of 602 ethnically diverse participants, we derived accelerometer-measured sleep duration and efficiency, and self-reported sleep quality. Accelerometer-measured sleep exposures were analyzed both as continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate and quantile regression models were used to assess associations between sleep and CMD biomarkers (insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol), controlling for age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, and body mass index. We examined the potential effect modification of Hispanic ethnicity.

Results
We observed mixed results based on CMD biomarkers and sleep exposure. Increased sleep duration was significantly related to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adjusted models (estimate = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.11). Poor sleep efficiency was associated with greater insulin resistance in the adjusted quantile (estimate = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.36) model at the 90th percentile. Self-reported sleep quality was not associated with CMD outcomes. There was no evidence of effect modification by Hispanic ethnicity.

Conclusions
In this cohort, sleep health measures were found to have mixed and at times opposing effects on CMD outcomes. These effects did not demonstrate an interaction with Hispanic ethnicity.
Associations Between Provider-Assigned Apgar Score and Neonatal Race
Authors: Edwards S.E. , Wheatley C. , Sutherland M. , Class Q.A. 
Published: November 2023

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023;228(2):229.e1–229.e9)
Apgar scores are typically used by pediatricians and nurses to determine whether a newborn needs medical intervention. Consisting of 5 categories in which the score ranges from 0 to 2, the composite score can range from 0 to 10; low scores are predictive of poor neurologic outcomes, but the assignment of the score has an inherent amount of subjectivity as well as poor specificity. One area of subjectivity in particular concerns race, as well-perfused infants of different races could subjectively be viewed differently if expectations are inaccurate. To date, no studies have examined the relationship between Apgar score and race, nor assessed the impact this may have on neonatal care. This study aimed to assess the relationship between race and Apgar scores. The authors hypothesized that Apgar scores for Black newborns would be significantly lower than other races, but that cord gases would not significantly differ.
Maternal Sudden Death: A Nationwide Retrospective Study
Authors: Braund S. , Leviel J. , Morau E. , Deneux-Tharaux C. , Verspyck E. ,   ENCMM Study Group
Published: November 2023

(BJOG. 2023;130:257–263)
Deaths that occur suddenly, with or without witnesses, can often be reported speculatively if there is no autopsy performed or supervision by medical personnel. Maternal sudden death is no exception to this trend, but it represents a situation that is multifaceted because of the physical strain present during and after childbirth, as well as complications associated with it. This study was done to examine what role sudden maternal deaths play in total maternal mortality, and to investigate possible explanations and commonalities based on recorded causes of death.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Authors: Geocadin R.J. 
Published: November 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2023;388:2171–2178)
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) most often affects individuals with acute hypertension or elevated blood pressure or those who have been exposed to certain drugs or toxic agents. PRES often presents with acute neurological deficits, but these are often resolved relatively quickly if promptly diagnosed and treated. This review article describes the pathology, features, epidemiology, management, and implications of PRES.
Sugammadex Use for Reversal in Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy: A Reexamination of the Evidence
Authors: Gaston I.N. , Lange E.M.S. , Farrer J.R. , Toledo P. 
Published: November 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2023;136:1217–1219)
Recent advances in technology have made life-threatening airway failures in obstetric anesthesia less and less frequent occurrences. Though these events are rare, they still occur and often result in death or very poor outcomes if not treated appropriately. Sugammadex has been shown to be a rapid and effective reversal technique for aminosteroid-induced paralysis in nonpregnant patients and has been associated with a 30% reduction in major postoperative pulmonary complications. There is a lack of evidence in the obstetric population, but it could potentially be assumed that results would be similar. This article reviews the history and effectiveness of Sugammadex and its potential for effectiveness in an obstetric population.
Pregnancy and Residency: Overdue for Equity
Authors: Koven S. , Haberer J.E. , Gomez-Kwolek D. 
Published: November 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2023;16;388:966–967)
Three female physicians discuss the difficulty of combining pregnancy with medical training. Some obstacles include how to balance the physical demands of growing a baby with an inflexible schedule, a lack of maternity leave options, social pressure to not burden fellow staff during the prenatal and postnatal period, the adverse effects of stress on the mother and infant’s health, deferring childbearing until after training, slow uptake of policy changes, and career disruptions to have a child. Despite the unique experiences of these physicians, there was a shared theme: a healthy pregnancy and simultaneously successfully complete residency with their peers was unattainable. A lack of gender equity in medicine is at the root of the problem.