bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RG boundaries and Cardy’s variational ansatz for multiple perturbations
Authors: Konechny Anatoly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider perturbations of 2D CFTs by multiple relevant operators. The massive phases of such perturbations can be labeled by conformal boundary conditions. Cardy’s variational ansatz approximates the vacuum state of the perturbed theory by a smeared conformal boundary state. In this paper we study the limitations and propose generalisations of this ansatz using both analytic and numerical insights based on TCSA. In particular we analyse the stability of Cardy’s ansatz states with respect to boundary relevant perturbations using bulk-boundary OPE coefficients. We show that certain transitions between the massive phases arise from a pair of boundary RG flows. The RG flows start from the conformal boundary on the transition surface and end on those that lie on the two sides of it. As an example we work out the details of the phase diagram for the Ising field theory and for the tricritical Ising model perturbed by the leading thermal and magnetic fields. For the latter we find a pair of novel transition lines that correspond to pairs of RG flows. Although the mass gap remains finite at the transition lines, several one-point functions change their behaviour. We discuss how these lines fit into the standard phase diagram of the tricritical Ising model. We show that each line extends to a two-dimensional surface ξσ,c in a three coupling space when we add perturbations by the subleading magnetic field. Close to this surface we locate symmetry breaking critical lines leading to the critical Ising model. Near the critical lines we find first order phase transition lines describing two-phase coexistence regions as predicted in Landau theory. The surface ξσ,c is determined from the CFT data using Cardy’s ansatz and its properties are checked using TCSA numerics.
Rekonstruktion von metastasenbedingten Defekten des Azetabulums mittels der MRS-C-Abstützschale
Authors: Koob S. , Kohlhof H. , Randau T. M. , Wirtz D. C. 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Operationsziel
Stabilisierung des metastatisch befallenen Azetabulums mit einer modularen, zementaugmentierten Abstützschale zur Remobilisation von onkologischen Patienten auch im fortgeschrittenen Krankheitsstadium.

Indikationen
Metastasenbedingte azetabuläre Defektsituationen (Metastatic Acetabular Classification, MAC 2–4) bei mittel- und langfristiger Überlebensprognose des Patienten.

Kontraindikationen
Starke Einschränkung der Überlebensprognose (< 6 Wochen), persistierendes lokales Infektgeschehen, Vorliegen eines primären Knochentumors mit kurativem Therapievorgehen, ausgeprägte Beckendiskontinuität, laufende wundheilungskompromittierende Chemo- oder Immuntherapie.

Operationstechnik
Standardhüftgelenkzugang. Resektion bzw. Kürettage der Azetabulummetastase und vorsichtiges Auffräsen zur Einbringung der Probeschale. Nach Festlegung der Schalengröße, Vorbohren der Dom- und Laschenschrauben und Einbringen des Zementes durch die zentrale Schalenöffnung in den azetabulären Defekt. Anschließend Festdrehen der Schrauben im Sinne einer Verbundosteosynthese. Einbringen einer modularen Pfannenkomponente oder Einzementierung eines tripolaren Pfannensystems in Verbindung mit einer Standardfemurschaftprothese oder einem proximalen modularen Femurersatz.

Weiterbehandlung
Faden‑/Klammerentfernung nach 10 Tagen. Mobilisation unter schmerzadaptierter Vollbelastung. Gangschulung an 2 Unterarmgehstützen. Physiotherapie zur Kräftigung der hüftumgreifenden Muskulatur. Je nach Tumorboard-Beschluss ggf. adjuvante Radiatio nach Abschluss der primären Wundheilung und Fortsetzung der systemischen Therapie.

Ergebnisse
Im Zeitraum 2012 bis 2019 wurden 14 Patienten mit einem metastasenbedingten azetabulären Defekt mit einer zementaugmentierten Abstützschale („MRS-TITAN® Comfort“, MRS-C, Peter Brehm GmbH,
Weisendorf, Deutschland) versorgt. Der Harris-Hip-Score verbesserte sich durchschnittlich um 23,2 Punkte bei einem mittleren Überleben der Patienten von 9,7 Monaten aufgrund der reduzierten Patientenprognose bei Karzinomerkrankung. Bei 13 der 14 implantierten Abstützschalen waren keine Folge- oder Revisionseingriffe notwendig. In einem Fall kam es zu einem weichteildefektbedingten periprothetischen Infekt und zur Explantation der Abstützschale.
Aktuelle Diagnostik und Therapie bei Ohrmuscheldysplasien und Gehörgangsfehlbildungen
Authors: Brandt Hannes H. , Bodmer Daniel 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungAngeborene Fehlbildungen der Ohrmuschel und des äußeren Gehörgangs können mit schweren ästhetischen und funktionellen Defiziten einhergehen. Neben dem Verständnis embryologischer Grundlagen ist auch die Klassifikation derartiger Anomalien für die Behandlung essenziell. Die frühzeitige Erkennung einer Fehlbildung sowie die Einleitung zeitgerechter Diagnostik sind essenziell, um durch eine adäquate Therapie langfristige Einschränkungen zu verhindern. Ohrmuscheldysplasien werden heute meist operativ, seltener mittels Epithese korrigiert. Die Methoden des „tissue engineering“ sind seit Langem in der Erprobung und könnten in Zukunft eine wesentliche Rolle spielen. Die Behandlung von Gehörgangsstenosen und -atresien bezweckt neben einer Hörverbesserung auch die Verhinderung von Folgeerkrankungen. Darunter finden sich u. a. Cholesteatome oder rezidivierende Infekte. Die Hörrehabilitation umfasst konventionelle und implantierbare Hörgeräte, wobei der Trend zu Letzteren tendiert.
Crustose coralline algal factors determining the success of limpet (Patellogastropoda: Patellidae) settlement: species, exposure time, area and soluble cues
Authors: Castejón Diego , García Loreto , Andrade Carlos A. P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCrustose coralline algae (CCA) play a key role in invertebrate recruitment, yet their influence on the settlement of patellid limpets is under discussion. This study is aimed at resolving the role of CCA as a settlement inducer for patellid limpets, providing insight into the influence of different CCA-related factors. The larvae of the economically valuable limpetPatella candeiwere used as a model. Six assays were performed: (1) different CCA assemblages, (2) exposure time, (3) artificial removal of epibionts, (4) substrate area, (5) soluble cues (CCA-conditioned seawater), and (6) substrate selection in a choice experiment. Settlers were identified by velum loss and teleoconch development. Species composition of the CCA assemblages significantly influenced settlement, with a preference forTitanoderma pustulatumand combinedNeogoniolithonsp. andHydrolithon farinosumcrusts. The substrates dominated byAgissea inamoena, marginal presence of CCA or which epibionts were artificially removed, were statistically similar to those in the negative control. The ratio of settlers increased until 4 days of exposure, after which it remained stable over time. The results support that CCA releases soluble cues with settlement-inducing effect onP. candeilarvae, explaining why the ratio of settlers increased with substrate area. The choice experiment suggests thatP. candeilarvae have limited selectivity with respect to the substrate surface. In conclusion, the present study points to the relevance of CCA assemblages as settlement substrates for limpet larvae, with an impact on limpet recruitment in the wild as well as on the production of post-larvae for limpet aquaculture.
Equationally defined classes of semigroups
Authors: Higgins Peter M. , Jackson Marcel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe apply, in the context of semigroups, the main theorem from the authors’ paper “Algebras defined by equations” (Higgins and Jackson in J Algebra 555:131–156, 2020) that an elementary class $${\mathscr {C}}$$
C
of algebras which is closed under the taking of direct products and homomorphic images is defined by systems of equations. We prove a dual to the Birkhoff theorem in that if the class is also closed under the taking of containing semigroups, some basis of equations of $${\mathscr {C}}$$
C
is free of the $$\forall $$
∀
quantifier. We also observe the decidability of the class of equation systems satisfied by semigroups, via a link to systems of rationally constrained equations on free semigroups. Examples are given of EHP-classes for which neither $$(\forall \cdots )(\exists \cdots )$$

(
∀
⋯
)
(
∃
⋯
)

equation systems nor $$(\exists \cdots )(\forall \cdots )$$

(
∃
⋯
)
(
∀
⋯
)

systems suffice.
Organ-on-a-chip models for development of cancer immunotherapies
Authors: Chernyavska M. , Masoudnia M. , Valerius T. , Verdurmen W. P. R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in the treatment of diverse cancer types. However, the development of novel immunotherapeutic agents faces persistent challenges due to poor translation from preclinical to clinical stages. To address these challenges, the integration of microfluidic models in research efforts has recently gained traction, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo systems. This approach enables modeling of the complex human tumor microenvironment and interrogation of cancer-immune interactions. In this review, we analyze the current and potential applications of microfluidic tumor models in cancer immunotherapy development. We will first highlight current trends in the immunooncology landscape. Subsequently, we will discuss recent examples of microfluidic models applied to investigate mechanisms of immune-cancer interactions and for developing and screening cancer immunotherapies in vitro. First steps toward their validation for predicting human in vivo outcomes are discussed. Finally, promising opportunities that microfluidic tumor models offer are highlighted considering their advantages and current limitations, and we suggest possible next steps toward their implementation and integration into the immunooncology drug development process.
Diagnostic performance of Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) for regional lymph node staging of gastric cancer by CT
Authors: Loch Florian N. , Beyer Katharina , Kreis Martin E. , Kamphues Carsten , Rayya Wael , Schineis Christian , Jahn Janosch , Tronser Moritz , Elsholtz Fabian H. J. , Hamm Bernd , Reiter Rolf 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Diagnostic performance of imaging for regional lymph node assessment in gastric cancer is still limited, and there is a lack of consensus on radiological evaluation. At the same time, there is an increasing demand for structured reporting using Reporting and Data Systems (RADS) to standardize oncological imaging. We aimed at investigating the diagnostic performance of Node-RADS compared to the use of various individual criteria for assessing regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer using histopathology as reference.

Methods
In this retrospective single-center study, consecutive 91 patients (median age, 66 years, range 33–91 years, 54 men) with CT scans and histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma were assessed using Node-RADS assigning scores from 1 to 5 for the likelihood of regional lymph node metastases. Additionally, different Node-RADS criteria as well as subcategories of altered border contour (lobulated, spiculated, indistinct) were assessed individually. Sensitivity, specificity, and Youden’s index were calculated for Node-RADS scores, and all criteria investigated. Interreader agreement was calculated using Cohen’s kappa.

Results
Among all criteria, best performance was found for Node-RADS scores ≥ 3 and ≥ 4 with a sensitivity/specificity/Youden’s index of 56.8%/90.7%/0.48 and 48.6%/98.1%/0.47, respectively, both with substantial interreader agreement (κ = 0.73 and 0.67, p < 0.01). Among individual criteria, the best performance was found for short-axis diameter of 10 mm with sensitivity/specificity/Youden’s index of 56.8%/87.0%/0.44 (κ = 0.65, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
This study shows that structured reporting of combined size and configuration criteria of regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer slightly improves overall diagnostic performance compared to individual criteria including short-axis diameter alone. The results show an increase in specificity and unchanged sensitivity.

Clinical relevance statement
The results of this study suggest that Node-RADS may be a suitable tool for structured reporting of regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer.

Key Points
• Assessment of lymph nodes in gastric cancer is still limited, and there is a lack of consensus on radiological evaluation.
• Node-RADS in gastric cancer improves overall diagnostic performance compared to individual criteria including short-axis diameter.
• Node-RADS may be a suitable tool for structured reporting of regional lymph nodes in gastric cancer.
Parameters predicting postoperative pain and quality of life after hemorrhoidectomy: follow-up results from a prospective multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Mallmann Christoph , Langenbach Mike Ralf , Florescu Razvan-Valentin , Köhler Andreas , Barkus Jörg , Ritz Jörg-Peter , Gebauer Florian , Lefering Rolf , Boenicke Lars 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Pain and reduced quality of life (QoL) are major subjects of interest after surgery for hemorrhoids. The aim of this study was to find predictive parameters for postoperative pain and QoL after hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods
This is a follow-up analysis of data derived from a multicenter randomized controlled trial including 770 patients, which examines the usefulness of tamponade after hemorrhoidectomy. Different pre-, intra-, and postoperative parameters were correlated with pain level assessed by NRS and QoL by the EuroQuol.

Results
At univariate analysis, relevant (NRS > 5/10 pts.) early pain within 48 h after surgery was associated with young age (≤ 40 years, p = 0.0072), use of a tamponade (p < 0.0001), relevant preoperative pain (p = 0.0017), pudendal block (p < 0.0001), and duration of surgery (p = 0.0149). At multivariate analysis, not using a pudendal block (OR 2.64), younger age (OR 1.55), use of a tamponade (OR 1.70), and relevant preoperative pain (OR 1.56) were significantly associated with relevant early postoperative pain. Relevant pain on day 7 was significantly associated only with relevant early pain (OR 3.13, p < 0.001). QoL overall remained at the same level. However, n = 229 (33%) patients presented an improvement of QoL and n = 245 (36%) an aggravation. Improvement was associated with a reduction of pain levels after surgery (p < 0.0001) and analgesia with opioids (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Early relevant pain affects younger patients but can be prevented by avoiding tamponades and using a pudendal block. Relevant pain after 1 week is associated only with early pain. Relief in preexisting pain and opioids improve QoL.

Trial registration
DRKS00011590 12 April 2017.
Prevention of cerebral thromboembolism by oral anticoagulation with dabigatran after pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation: the ODIn-AF trial
Authors: Schrickel Jan Wilko , Beiert Thomas , Linhart Markus , Luetkens Julian A. , Schmitz Jennifer , Schmid Matthias , Hindricks Gerhard , Arentz Thomas , Stellbrink Christoph , Deneke Thomas , Bogossian Harilaos , Sause Armin , Steven Daniel , Gonska Bernd-Dieter , Rudic Boris , Lewalter Thorsten , Zabel Markus , Geisler Tobias , Schumacher Burghard , Jung Werner , Kleemann Thomas , Luik Armin , Veltmann Christian , Coenen Martin , Nickenig Georg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives
Long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) following successful catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. Prospective data are missing. The ODIn-AF study aimed to evaluate the effect of OAC on the incidence of silent cerebral embolic events and clinically relevant cardioembolic events in patients at intermediate to high risk for embolic events, free from AF after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI).

Methods
This prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, blinded endpoint interventional trial enrolled patients who were scheduled for PVI to treat paroxysmal or persistent AF. Six months after PVI, AF-free patients were randomized to receive either continued OAC with dabigatran or no OAC. The primary endpoint was the incidence of new silent micro- and macro-embolic lesions detected on brain MRI at 12 months of follow-up compared to baseline. Safety analysis included bleedings, clinically evident cardioembolic, and serious adverse events (SAE).

Results
Between 2015 and 2021, 200 patients were randomized into 2 study arms (on OAC: n = 99, off OAC: n = 101). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of new cerebral microlesions between the on OAC and off OAC arm [2 (2%) versus 0 (0%); P = 0.1517] after 12 months. MRI showed no new macro-embolic lesion, no clinical apparent strokes were present in both groups. SAE were more frequent in the OAC arm [on OAC n = 34 (31.8%), off OAC n = 18 (19.4%); P = 0.0460]; bleedings did not differ.

Conclusion
Discontinuation of OAC after successful PVI was not found to be associated with an elevated risk of cerebral embolic events compared with continued OAC after a follow-up of 12 months.

Graphical abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and multiple sclerosis: a large multicentric study on relapse risk after the third booster dose
Authors: Di Filippo Massimiliano , Ferraro Diana , Ragonese Paolo , Prosperini Luca , Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa , Gallo Antonio , Cavalla Paola , Lorefice Lorena , Nociti Viviana , Di Sabatino Elena , Clerico Marinella , Guaschino Clara , Radaelli Marta , Fantozzi Roberta , Buttari Fabio , Laroni Alice , Gajofatto Alberto , Calabrese Massimiliano , Malucchi Simona , Paolicelli Damiano , De Luca Giovanna , Tomassini Valentina , Lanzillo Roberta , Moccia Marcello , Solaro Claudio , Cocco Eleonora , Gasperini Claudio , Tortorella Carla ,   the RIREMS (Rising Researchers in MS) group
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 vaccines have been recommended to people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and, to ensure durable immunity, a third booster dose has been administered in several countries. Data about potential risks associated with the third booster dose in pwMS, such as vaccine-triggered disease exacerbations, are still scarce.

Objective
To investigate whether the administration of a third booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines was associated with an increased risk of short-term disease reactivation in a large cohort of pwMS.

Methods
We retrospectively selected 1265 pwMS who received a third booster dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Demographic and clinical data were collected, including the presence, number and characteristics of relapses in the 60 days prior to and after the third booster dose.

Results
In the selected cohort, the relapse rate in the two months after administration of the third booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines did not increase when compared with the prior two months. Indeed, the percentage of pwMS experiencing relapses in the 60 days following the administration of the third booster dose was 2.1%, similar to the percentage recorded in 60 days prior to vaccination, which was 1.9%.

Conclusions
The third booster dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines appeared to be safe for pwMS.
Post-mortem dignity between piety and professionalism. Plea for a moment of silence in everyday clinical practice
Authors: Fürholzer Katharina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Death is an inevitable part of clinical practice and affects, in its very own way, not only next of kin and friends but also the members of the clinical team, in particular physicians and nurses, as those who take care of a patient in the very last moments of his or her life. Nevertheless, in clinical everyday life, it is no matter of course to meet the end of human life not only on a physical but also metaphysical level.

Definition of the problem
In Western sociocultural contexts, silence is commonly regarded as an adequate expression of respect in the context of death. Considering that time is a more than limited resource in Western healthcare systems, it can, however, be challenging for the clinical team to pause and pay respect to the life that has passed and to generally deal with the unfathomability of human finiteness. Instead, death tends to become drowned out by a strident clinging to the common routines of patient care, in the course of which everyday clinical noises can turn into a roaring, almost inhuman cacophony—a cacophony that may not do justice to the dignity of the deceased, the relatives, or the clinic team.

Objective
With that said, this article focuses on forms of bidding farewell in clinical patient care, with an emphasis on post-mortem silence. Drawing on examples from literature, medical ethics, and the law, I will plead for a moment of silence in everyday clinical practice as a possible means to interrupt the noise of medicine in the immediate aftermath of death to honor the dignity of both the dead and the living.
The geometry of discrete asymptotic-geodesic 4-webs in isotropic 3-space
Authors: Müller Christian , Pottmann Helmut 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe geometry of webs has been investigated over more than a century driven by still open problems. In our paper we contribute to extending the knowledge on webs from the perspective of the geometry of webs on surfaces in three dimensional space. Our study of AGAG-webs is motivated by architectural applications of gridshell structures where four families of manufactured curves on a curved surface are realizations of asymptotic lines and geodesic lines. We describe all discrete AGAG-webs in isotropic space and propose a method to construct them. Furthermore, we prove that some sub-nets of an AGAG-web are timelike minimal surfaces in Minkowski space and can be embedded into a one-parameter family of discrete isotropic Voss nets.
Towards a bound on the Higgs mass in causal set quantum gravity
Authors: de Brito Gustavo P. , Eichhorn Astrid , Fausten Ludivine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the Standard Model of particle physics, the mass of the Higgs particle can be linked to the scale at which the Standard Model breaks down due to a Landau pole/triviality problem: for a Higgs mass somewhat higher than the measured value, the Standard Model breaks down before the Planck scale. We take a first step towards investigating this relation in the context of causal set quantum gravity. We use a scalar-field propagator that carries the imprints of spacetime discreteness in a modified ultraviolet behavior that depends on a nonlocality scale. We investigate whether the modification can shift the scale of the Landau pole in a scalar field theory with quartic interaction. We discover that the modifications speed up the onset of the Landau pole considerably, so that the scale of new physics occurs roughly at the nonlocality scale. Our results call into question, whether a separation between the nonlocality scale and the discreteness scale, which is postulated within causal set quantum gravity, and which has been argued to give rise to phenomenological consequences, is in fact achievable. Methodologically, our paper is the first to apply continuum functional Renormalization Group techniques in the context of a causal-set inspired setting.