bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the β2‐adrenergic receptor
Authors: Hinkle Richard T. , Hodge Karen M.B. , Cody David B. , Sheldon Russell J. , Kobilka Brian K. , Isfort Robert J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnalyses were performed to evaluate the roles of the β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy response to the β‐adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol. Treatment of wild‐type mice with clenbuterol resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation‐induced atrophy of these muscles. Treatment of β1‐adenergic receptor knockout mice with clenbuterol also resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation‐induced atrophy of these muscles. In contrast, in β2‐adrenergic receptor knockout mice and in mice lacking both the β1‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors, clenbuterol treatment did not result in hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles, nor did it inhibit denervation‐induced atrophy in these muscles. Together these data demonstrate that the β2‐adrenergic receptor is responsible for both the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy effects of the β‐adrenergic agonist clenbuterol. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 25: 000–000, 2002
Cell death and apoptosis‐related proteins in muscle biopsies of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polyneuropathy
Authors: Schoser Benedikt G.H. , Wehling Sonja , Blottner Dieter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo investigate disease‐related differences of cell death and apoptosis in human denervation atrophy, we studied DNA fragmentation by the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method in 38 biopsies of clinically nonaffected and affected muscles from patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), in 13 muscle biopsies from patients with chronic peripheral neuropathies, and in 8 biopsies from control subjects. In addition, expression of apoptosis‐related proteins, bax, bcl‐2, and Fas, was studied in 20 biopsies of sALS and 10 chronic peripheral neuropathies. We identified DNA cleavage in 10% of myofibers of patients and in up to 1.5% of control samples. In clinically affected muscles of ALS, a larger amount of TUNEL‐positive myofibers (mean 10.5 ± 5.9%) was detected, similar to chronic peripheral neuropathies (mean 10.0 ± 7.4%). Atrophic myofibers were immunopositive for bax, bcl‐2, and, to a weaker extent, for Fas. However, bax‐, bcl‐2‐, or Fas‐positive atrophic myofibers did not reveal consecutive DNA cleavage. Differences between sALS subgroups and chronic peripheral neuropathies were not found. In human denervation atrophy the bcl‐2/bax and the FasL/Fas systems are apparently active independently of DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. DNA fragmentation thus displays an additional reaction that is not disease‐specific at chronic stages of human denervation processes, probably recapitulating events like skeletal muscle fiber remodeling in embryonic skeletal tissue development. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1083–1089, 2001
Effects of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine on micturition parameters in anesthetized rats
Authors: Vera Pedro L. , Nadelhaft Irving 
Published: August 2002

AbstractClozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has resulted in a number of reports of urinary disturbances in the clinical literature. We examined the effects of clozapine on urodynamic parameters in the anesthetized rat and compared the effects to those of the typical antipsychotic haloperidol and the selective D2 and D4 antagonists, raclopride and L‐745,870, respectively. Clozapine abolished high‐frequency oscillations (HFO) during the expulsion phase, and profoundly altered a number of other parameters (e.g., intercontraction interval and resting pressure). Clozapine did not affect the peak contraction pressure during cystometrograms but displayed peripheral inhibition of bladder contractions elicited by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve (possibly mediated via clozapine's anti‐muscarinic effects). Haloperidol had less potent effects than clozapine since it reduced the amplitude of HFO to 25% of control and also affected several other parameters but without peripheral bladder inhibition. Raclopride only resulted in a modest decrease (approximately 70% of control) in the HFO and no alteration in other parameters. L‐745,870 was effective only at highest dose tested suggesting that it might not be acting selectively at D4 receptors. Therefore, we propose that clozapine primarily interferes with the function of the external urethral sphincter. These effects can only be partly explained through antagonism of D2 receptors. Since both clozapine and haloperidol have interactions with other transmitter systems beside dopamine, we suggest that central antagonism of D2 receptors, coupled to central antagonism of another receptor system and peripheral muscarinic receptor blockade, may account for clozapine's potent effects on micturition. Neurourol. Urodynam. 20:623–639, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A queuing model for due date control in a multiserver repair shop
Authors: Keizers Joris , Adan Ivo , van der Wal Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with a repair shop with multiple parallel servers, which has to carry out planned overhauls. Each overhaul consists of a large number of maintenance jobs. The overhaul process is interrupted by randomly arriving emergency jobs. To control the delivery performance of the overhauls, knowledge about the overhaul makespan distribution should be available. Using a 2‐dimensional Markov model, we derive the first and second moment of the overhaul makespan analytically for the case that the repair times of all overhaul jobs are identically and exponentially distributed. For the case of nonidentical repair time distributions, an approximation is presented. Simulation shows that the makespan distribution fitted on these moments gives an excellent approximation. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 281–282, 2001
31P NMR spectroscopy of blood plasma: determination and quantification of phospholipid classes in patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Süllentrop F. , Moka D. , Neubauer S. , Haupt G. , Engelmann U. , Hahn J. , Schicha H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdvanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis and is characterized by an unpredictable clinical course. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic phospholipid distribution as a possible marker of tumor stage and tumor spread beyond the kidney. To this end, the effect of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on phospholipid concentrations in blood plasma using31P NMR spectroscopy was studied in: (a) 29 patients with RCC prior to nephrectomy; (b) 19 healthy volunteers; (c) three patients with other renal tumors (renal metastases of bronchial carcinoma and of renal pelvic carcinoma, and a benign renal tumor). Furthermore, the phospholipid concentrations of eight patients of group (a) were determined 6 months after nephrectomy, when they were in remission. We found considerable deviations in the concentrations of the lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC1, LPC2) in both male and female patients with RCC compared to healthy volunteers (male—LPC1 0.217 ± 0.062 vs 0.297 ± 0.049 mmol/l, LPC2 0.036 ± 0.014 vs 0.068 ± 0.024 mmol/l; female—LPC1 0.195 ± 0.071 vs 0.296 ± 0.044 mmol/l, LPC2 0.037 ± 0.027 vs 0.044 ± 0.014 mmol/l). In addition, female patients with RCC showed lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines (PC; 1.409 ± 0.268 vs 1.947 ± 0.259 mmol/l). The low phospholipid concentrations normalized for patients in remission. Phospholipid concentrations were found to depend on tumor stage and metastatic spread. The deviations in phospholipid concentrations (LPC1, LPC2, PC) observed may be attributable to systemic effects caused by the tumor as well as changes in enzyme activities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐vivo visualization of phagocytotic cells in rat brains after transient ischemia by USPIO
Authors: Rausch M. , Baumann D. , Neubacher U. , Rudin M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCerebral ischemia provokes tissue damage by two major patho‐physiological mechanisms. Direct cell necrosis is induced by diminished access of neurons and glia to essential nutrients such as glucose and oxygen leading to energy failure. A second factor of cellular loss is related to the activation of immune‐competent cells within and around the primary infarct. While granulocytes and presumably monocytes are linked to the no‐reflow phenomenon, activated microglia cells and monocytes can release cytotoxic substrates, which cause delayed cell death. As a consequence the infarct volume will increase, despite restoration of cerebral perfusion. In the past, visualization of immune competent cells was only possible by histological analysis of post‐mortem tissue. However, contrast agents based on small particles of iron oxide are known to accumulate in organs rich in cells with phagocytotic function. These particles can be tracked in vivo by MRI methods based on their relaxation properties. In the present study, the spatio‐temporal distribution of USPIO particles was monitored in a rat model of transient cerebral infarction using T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI sequences. USPIO were detected in vessels at 24 h after administration. At later time points specific accumulation of USPIO was observed within the infarcted hemisphere, with maximal signal enhancement on day 2. Their detectability based on T1‐contrast disappeared between day 4 and day 7. Immuno‐histochemically (IHC) stains confirmed the presence of macrophages, presumably blood‐derived monocytes within areas of T1 signal enhancement. Direct visualization of iron‐burdened macrophages by IHC was only possible later than day 3 after occlusion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wireless ATM network architectures
Authors: Hác Anna 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEmulated LAN technology supports mobile hosts in wireless ATM networks. This paper introduces virtual LAN (VLAN) services using ATM LAN emulation technology which operates on a client/server model. One of the attractive features of the VLAN is the capability to group users into a broadcast domain. The focus of this paper is the issue of supporting quality of service to mobiles in a wireless ATM network. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Network topology management in a mobile‐switch ATM network: dynamic partition algorithms
Authors: Cheng Sheng‐Tzong , Chen C. , Li C. , Chen Chia‐Mei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose two partition algorithms. The main policy of the algorithms is finding out the area(s) in which mobile switches congregate within a peer group. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balanced network flows. VII. Primal‐dual algorithms
Authors: Fremuth‐Paeger Christian , Jungnickel Dieter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe discuss an adaptation of the famous primal‐dual 1‐matching algorithm to balanced network flows which can be viewed as a network flow description of capacitated matching problems. This method is endowed with a sophisticated start‐up procedure which eventually makes the algorithm strongly polynomial. We apply the primal‐dual algorithm to the shortest valid path problem with arbitrary arc lengths, and so end up with a new complexity bound for this problem. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oriented hypercubes
Authors: Fraigniaud Pierre , König Jean‐Claude , Lazard Emmanuel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we show how to give an orientation to the edges of an hypercube so that the inducedorientedhypercube offers approximately the same communication performance as that of the original nonoriented hypercube (routing, broadcasting, connectivity, etc.), that is, we show that it is possible to construct anN‐node oriented hypercube with the same communication and computational power as that of anN‐node hypercube, although with approximately the same pin‐complexity as that of a$\sqrt{N}$‐node hypercube. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
File distribution in networks with multimedia storage servers
Authors: Ryoo Jeong‐dong , Panwar Shivendra S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a problem in networks with storage servers for providing multimedia service. The design involves assigning communication link capacity, sizing the multimedia servers, and distributing different types of content at each server, while guaranteeing an upper limit on the individual end‐to‐end blocking probability. We consider alternative methods for obtaining the end‐to‐end blocking probability with low computation time and present optimization procedures to obtain an optimal solution. Under a linear cost structure, our numerical investigations consider different scenarios that might be helpful in understanding how to distribute multimedia content for a cost‐optimized solution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Postnatal cell proliferation and death in a lateralized, gender‐related, asymmetric nucleus
Authors: Holman Steve , Collado Paloma 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSexual differentiation and lateralization of neurone number in a discrete forebrain nucleus (SDApc) related to masculine vocal emission, occur contemporaneously in postnatal (P0–P15) gerbils. Stereological estimates of cell proliferation and death during SDApc organization were made by BrdU labelling and pyknosis, respectively. Results confirmed that rates of apoptosis were greater in females and lateralized in males. Immunoreactive BrdU cells, located in the SDApc at P0–P6, with low levels at P15, were not numerically different between the sexes. Only at one age, P0, in males, was a left‐right difference seen in BrdU‐immunoreactive cell numbers. Microglia, identified by isolectin immunostaining, were numerically similar to BrdU cells. We suggest that apoptosis, rather than neurogenesis, differentiates and lateralizes SDApc organization, and proliferating cells are microglia, phagocytosing debris. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 47: 150–158, 2001
Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate retinal ganglion cell axon outgrowth in the developing Xenopus visual system
Authors: Johnson Karl G. , McKinnell Iain W. , Stoker Andrew W. , Holt Christine E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are regulators of axon outgrowth and guidance in a variety of different vertebrate and invertebrate systems. Three RPTPs, CRYP‐α, PTP‐δ, and LAR, are expressed in overlapping but distinct patterns in the developing Xenopus retina, including expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) as they send axons to the tectum (Johnson KG, Holt CE. 2000. Expression of CRYP‐alpha, LAR, PTP‐delta, and PTP‐rho in the developing Xenopus visual system. Mech Dev 92:291–294). In order to examine the role of these RPTPs in visual system development, putative dominant negative RPTP mutants (CS‐CRYP‐α, CS‐PTP‐δ, and CS‐LAR) were expressed either singly or in combination in retinal cells. No effect was found on either retinal cell fate determination or on gross RGC axon guidance to the tectum. However, expression of these CS‐RPTP constructs differentially affected the rate of RGC axon outgrowth. In vivo, expression of all three CS‐RPTPs or CS‐PTP‐δ alone inhibited RGC axon outgrowth, while CS‐LAR and CS‐CRYP‐α had no significant effect. In vitro, expression of CS‐CRYP‐α enhanced neurite outgrowth, while CS‐PTP‐δ inhibited neurite outgrowth in a substrate‐dependent manner. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that RPTPs regulate retinal axon outgrowth. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 49: 99–117, 2001
FFS contact searching algorithm for dynamic finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Fujun , Cheng Jiangang , Yao Zhenhan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new contact searching algorithm for general contact systems is proposed in this paper. Due to that the smooth and accurate geometry description is crucial to the contact stress analysis, we have worked out a free‐formed‐surface (FFS) algorithm specialized to model the contacting surface with theC1boundary continuity and the exact boundary condition definition. Moreover, the geometrical description using the FFS produces those data required for determining the actual contact direction and calculating the exact contact penetration. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that our contact searching algorithm is robust and capable to simulate three‐dimensional contact problems accurately. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Eulerian‐Lagrangian substructuring domain decomposition method for unsteady‐state advection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Wang Hong , Al‐Lawatia Mohamed 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe develop an Eulerian‐Lagrangian substructuring domain decomposition method for the solution of unsteady‐state advection‐diffusion transport equations. This method reduces to an Eulerian‐Lagrangian scheme within each subdomain and to a type of Dirichlet‐Neumann algorithm at subdomain interfaces. The method generates accurate and stable solutions that are free of artifacts even if large time‐steps are used in the simulation. Numerical experiments are presented to show the strong potential of the method. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 17:565–583, 2001
Analysis of algebraic systems arising from fourth‐order compact discretizations of convection‐diffusion equations
Authors: Gopaul Ashvin , Bhuruth Muddun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe study the properties of coefficient matrices arising from high‐order compact discretizations of convection‐diffusion problems. Asymptotic convergence factors of the convex hull of the spectrum and the field of values of the coefficient matrix for a one‐dimensional problem are derived, and the convergence factor of the convex hull of the spectrum is shown to be inadequate for predicting the convergence rate of GMRES. For a two‐dimensional constant‐coefficient problem, we derive the eigenvalues of the nine‐point matrix, and we show that the matrix is positive definite for all values of the cell‐Reynolds number. Using a recent technique for deriving analytic expressions for discrete solutions produced by the fourth‐order scheme, we show by analyzing the terms in the discrete solutions that they are oscillation‐free for all values of the cell Reynolds number. Our theoretical results support observations made through numerical experiments by other researchers on the non‐oscillatory nature of the discrete solution produced by fourth‐order compact approximations to the convection‐diffusion equation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 18: 155–178, 2002; DOI 10.1002/num.1041
Psychometric testing of the NEECHAM confusion scale among patients with hip fracture
Authors: Johansson Inger S. , Hamrin Elisabeth K.F. , Larsson Gerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of a Swedish translation of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale among 73 patients having surgery for hip fractures. Cronbach's alpha before and 7 days after surgery were .73 and .82, respectively. Principal‐component analyses yielded three factors explaining 69% of the variance of the variables preoperatively and 73.6% of the variance 7 days postoperatively. Four months after discharge vital function, factor II in the NEECHAM scale, significantly predicted the total score on the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index. Items reflecting information processing, behavior, and urinary continence, factor I, also predicted functional capacity, using the Standardized Practical Equipment test, a tool measuring instrumental daily activity. The scale seems to be a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating acute confusional state among patients with hip fracture. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:203–211, 2002
Role integration and perceived health in Asian American women caregivers
Authors: Jones Patricia S. , Jaceldo Karen B. , Lee Jerry R. , Zhang Xinwei E. , Meleis Afaf I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, role involvement, role integration (including role stress and role satisfaction), and perceived health were examined in 50 Asian American women who were caregivers of aging parents in addition to being wives, mothers, and employees. Their mean age was 47.8 years. Twenty‐nine of the participants were Chinese and 21 Filipino, with an average length of caregiving for each group of 11 years. All participants were born outside the United States. Instruments used in the study were translated and back‐translated into Chinese and Tagalog and tested for validity and reliability. The association of role involvement, role integration, role stress, and role satisfaction with perceived physical and psychological health in the combined and separate groups was examined. Role involvement was not associated with health in the combined group of caregivers but was associated with overall health in the sample of Chinese women. Role integration was positively associated with all three perceived health measures in the Filipino group but not in the Chinese group. Role satisfaction was consistently high in both groups. Role satisfaction and psychological well‐being were significantly correlated for the combined group and for the Filipino caregivers. Total role stress was significantly correlated with overall health and current health only in the combined group. Thus, support that helps to decrease role stress and to increase role satisfaction may be more effective than efforts to decrease the extent of role involvement. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 133–144, 2001
Relationships among maternal–fetal attachment, prenatal depression, and health practices in pregnancy
Authors: Lindgren Kelly 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate a conceptual model in which depression was proposed to have direct negative effects on positive health practices as well as indirect negative effects through maternal–fetal attachment (MFA). Participants were 252 adult pregnant women, between 20 and 40 weeks postgestation, who were recruited from five prenatal care sites. Data were collected using mailed self‐report instruments measuring MFA, depression, health practices, and demographic and pregnancy information. Hierarchical regression was used to examine direct and indirect effects of depression, person characteristics (maternal age, pregnancy risk status, parity, ethnicity, education, income, marital status), and MFA on health practices. Results of the study supported the conceptual model. Higher education, lower parity, and being partnered predicted more positive health practices (p <05). After controlling for person characteristics, depression was found to be a significant predictor of MFA. Both depression and MFA were significant predictors of positive health practices but in opposite directions. Depression had a negative relationship and MFA a positive relationship with positive health practices. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Res Nurs Health 24: 203–217, 2001
Robust deadbeat pole assignment with gain constraints: an LMI optimization approach
Authors: Tam Hei Ka , Lam James 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper considers a kind of robust pole assignment problem for discrete‐time systems. A recently developed a posteriori measure of closed‐loop eigenvalue sensitivity suitable for MIMO deadbeat regulator design is minimized during the search of the state feedback gain. The problem is cast into an LMI‐based convex optimization task in which constraints on the size of feedback gain can be catered naturally. The proposed pole assignment algorithm can also be used to find the minimum feedback gain with respect to different norms. A numerical example is then employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.