bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The proposed mechanisms of action of CBD in epilepsy
Authors: Gray Royston A. , Whalley Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) (approved as Epidiolex
®
in the United States and as EPIDYOLEX from the EU agency) has demonstrated efficacy with an acceptable safety profile in patients with Lennox–Gastaut or Dravet syndrome in four randomized controlled trials. While the mechanism of action of CBD underlying the reduction of seizures in humans is unknown, CBD possesses affinity for multiple targets, across a range of target classes, resulting in functional modulation of neuronal excitability, relevant to the pathophysiology of many disease types, including epilepsy. Here we present the pharmacological data supporting the role of three such targets, namely Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1), the orphan G protein‐coupled receptor‐55 (GPR55) and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT‐1).
A review of the book Kasinomic Revolution: The rise of African Informal Economies. Written by GG Alcock
Authors: Monareng Luther Lebogang 
Published: January 2024

The author restates the need for Afrocentric systems such as building modern villages to accommodate Africa’s uniqueness. He condemns the practices of marginalising the informal economy as it contributes to countries’ Gross Domestic Production (GDP). GG alludes that jobs are now beyond the conventional “8 to 5 job with a payslip” and that communities of ordinary people should not be treated as “breeding grounds for employees”. Moreover, he highlights that the colonial and Western systems are unjust to the masses in developing countries. Africa needs no “bicycle lanes but hawker lanes” where they can trade closer to their clientele without being fearful of municipalities chasing them.
Exploring the importance of kynurenine pathway (KP) approaches in colorectal cancer (CRC)
Authors: Patel Tulsi Dipakbhai , Gunjan  , Vanteddu Venkata Gangadhar 
Published: January 2024

One of the main causes of cancer-related fatalities is colorectal cancer (CRC). The majority of patients frequently receive a late diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the absence of accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Furthermore, greater metastasis and shorter survival rates were seen in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Recent advances in cancer treatment have been made possible by therapeutic immune system potentiation. The immune system and the kynurenine pathway (KP) are closely related. As a result of kynurenine's promotion of T Reg (regulatory) differentiation, more anti-inflammatory cytokines are produced and the cytotoxic activity of T cells is suppressed. In malignancies, the overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) creates a micro environment where mutant cells can survive and invade neighboring tissues.The poor prognosis of several cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematologic malignancies, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, is predicted by overactivation of the kynurenine pathway (KP), particularly the overactivation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Additionally, kynurenine promotes cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The evolving understanding of the kynurenine pathway (KP) and its use in colorectal cancer (CRC) is covered in this review. An essential amino acid called tryptophan can be processed by several different pathways, with the kynurenine pathway (KP) being one of the more important ones. Kynurenine (KYN) is recognized as an oncometabolite in colon cancer, and colorectal cancer (CRC) that results from its subsequent metabolites. For several physiological activities, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes kynurenine metabolism, is required. We talked about IDO's role in colorectal cancer (CRC) in this review. IDO knockdown decreased the expression of cancer stem cell markers as well as the ability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to migrate and invade. The application of an inhibitor to restrict the enzymatic activity of IDO also prevented the formation of spheres and hindered cell motility in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. These findings demonstrate the clinical significance of IDO in the growth and tumorigenicity of colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors.
A review on phytochemical screening and pharmacological activities of fruit of Indian mallow
Authors: Pavithra P. , Kavimani S , Pavazhaviji P , Hemalatha A , Snega R 
Published: January 2024

a native traditional plant commonly known as Indian Mallow, is a versatile plant species that brings enormous amounts of medicinal uses from the history of traditional culture. This review emphasizes the current body of knowledge surrounding the effects of , highlighting its potential therapeutic application. The plant is well renowned for its diverse phytochemical composition, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides, which contribute to its wide-ranging biological activity. It has been discovered through research that Abutilon indicum extracts possess noteworthy pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, and hepatoprotective properties. In addition to its immunomodulatory effects, larvicidal, anti-convulsant, neuroprotective, and cognitive-enhancing capacities have gained attention in recent years and serve as natural alternatives to available allopathic medicine.The focus of the review revolves around various noteworthy pharmacological effects of , including its anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, and anti-convulsant properties. Furthermore, the examination of the plant extracts' phytochemical composition is also emphasized.Those activities were discussed and reported with standard methods and compared with the available standard drugs. Overall, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the pharmacological effects of , underscoring its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents and paving the way for future research and development.
Efficacy of Metoprolol and Apixaban in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis
Authors: Mavila Prajila , Jamali M C 
Published: January 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of health problems and death worldwide. To review the efficacy of Metoprolol and Apixaban in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases by meta-analysis studies. Various databases like PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate were used to collect the related studies that were published in English during the years 1980-2013. Only Random Clinical Trials (RCT) were included in this analysis. Risk bias assessment was according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systemic Reviews of the Interventions 6.4. Meta-analysis was done with the help of RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 10 (one study with different drug concentrations) related articles with 33312 patients were selected for this meta-analysis. In the Metoprolol-treated observation group of patients, the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity [M.H=0.80,95%CI=0.67-0.95, Z=2.5, and P=0.01] was lower and in Apixaban-treated patients [M.H=0.32,95%CI=0.08-1.19, Z=1.7 and P=0.09] the rate of cardiovascular mortality/morbidity were higher and the difference was noted. It's clear that Apixaban and Metoprolol have a great role in treating cardiovascular diseases. The authors however acknowledge the presence of publication bias and limitations stemming from small sample sizes in some studies, demonstrating a critical and unbiased approach to analysis. Furthermore, it wisely calls for future research endeavors with larger sample sizes, contributing to the ongoing enhancement of treatments for cardiovascular diseases. This balanced and forward-looking analysis consolidates the importance of pharmaceutical interventions in managing cardiovascular diseases.
Obraz rodziny znajdujący odzwierciedlenie w Karcie Praw Rodziny
Authors: Zawadzka Edyta 
Published: January 2024

Celem tekstu jest dokonanie, na bazie metody analizy pola semantycznego, charakterystyki jednego z wariantów postrzegania rodziny. Tekstem stanowiącym źródło prowadzonej refleksji o charakterze empirycznym jest Karta Praw Rodziny, co uzasadnione jest czynnikami związanymi z celami i adresatami dokumentu, wątkami antropologicznymi stanowiącymi przesłanki założeniowe jego treści, a także zastosowanym w jego konstruowaniu podejściem syntezującym podejścia reprezentujące myśl Kościoła oraz wspólnot międzynarodowych.
Zgodnie z założeniami metody analizy pola semantycznego wymagającej „pozornego rozłożenia ciągu wypowiedzeniowego i porządku wypowiedzi po to, by złożyć je na powrót zgodnie z czytelnością znaczącą”, w treści Karty Praw Rodziny poszukiwano 6 rodzajów fraz – ekwiwalentów, określeń, asocjacji, opozycji, działań podmiotu i wobec podmiotu. Implikacją ich wewnętrznego zróżnicowania jest stworzenie płaszczyzny do kompleksowego opisania obrazu rodziny w analizowanym dokumencie.
Główny wniosek z przeprowadzonej analizy wyraża się w stwierdzeniu, że obraz rodziny przedstawiony w „Karcie Praw Rodziny” ma wymiar kontekstualny oraz jest mozaiką podejść o charakterze uniwersalnym oraz wpisujących się w społeczną naukę Kościoła.
Rate, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Afhami Shirin , Adibimehr Alireza , Mousavi Seyed Asadollah , Vaezi Mohammad , Montazeri Mahnaz , Salehi Mohammadreza , Meidani Mohsen , Saleh Mahshid , Ahmadikia Kazem , Roilides Emmanuel , Maertens Johan , Alijani Neda 
Published: January 2024

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with hematological malignancies. Given the considerable prevalence and consequences of IFIs, hence revealing the exact cause of fungal infections, their rate, associated risk factors, and complications could contribute to reducing both financial and life costs, choosing targeted antifungal treatment, and avoiding unnecessary toxic treatments in individuals who are not suffering from mycoses.
Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the first semester of 2019. All patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) admitted to Dr. Shariati Hospital were studied. Only those with probable/proven IFIs defined according to the last update of EORTC/MSG criteria were included in the study. The demographic and clinical data were recorded from the hospital information registration system using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 24.
Results: Out of 1109 HM patients hospitalized during the study period, 67 (6.04%) IFIs were diagnosed. Of these, 57 (85.04%) were aspergillosis, 7 (10.4%) were mucormycosis, and 3 patients developed other fungal infections. Males constituted 67.2% of the entire IFI population. The mean±SD age of the samples was 43.16 ± 13.8 years. The most common type of malignancy was AML. Lung imaging showed lesions associated with fungal infections in 52 cases (77.6%), with multiple nodules as the most prevalent pattern being observed in 64.2% of cases. Sinus involvement was evidenced in the PNS CT scan of 46 (68.6%) patients. The attributable mortality rate for IFIs was 62.7%. Both the types of IFI and malignancies had no significant relationship with the outcome of patients. Central venous catheter, mucositis, and antibiotic use were the most frequent risk factors.
Conclusion: IFI represents a frequent complication for HM patients with high mortality. Aspergillus species are the predominant etiology in these settings. Considering our results, in high-risk patients, manifestations of warning signs in the sinus and lungs, which would not be cleared despite receiving antibiotics, should raise the possibility of IFIs.
Comparing Emotional Reactivity and the Ability to Control Thought in Studentswith and without Sleep Disorder in Zanjan City in 2022
Authors: Eatesamipour Razieh , Marian Nadia einollahi 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sleep disorder is a condition characterized by disturbed patterns or behaviors related to sleep, and failure to meet this physiological need can compromised human life. The purpose of this research is to compare emotional reactivity and thought control ability in students with and without sleep disorder in Zanjan city.
Methods: This was a descriptive and causal-comparative research. 100 people (50 people with sleep disorder and 50 people without sleep disorder) were selected using random sampling method from the students of Payame Noor University Zanjan city in 2022. To collect data, the questionnaires of insomnia and hypersomnia screening by Zomer et al., thought control ability by Luciano et al. and emotional reactivity by Knock et al. were used. To analyze data, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variancethrough SPSS version 26 software were used.
Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between students with and without sleep disorder regarding the components of emotional reactivity and the ability to control thoughts (P<0/05). Also, there was no significant difference between the emotional reactivity of male and female students (P<0/05), and there was a significant difference in the ability to control their thoughts between male and female students (P=0/001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that people with high emotional reactivity and lower thought control ability have more sleep disorders. Therefore, it is suggested to improve personal and social performance of students by identifying and eliminating personal and environmental factors governing sleep status of people, as well as providing appropriate educational programs.
Neurobehavioural rehabilitation of dysexecutive syndrome following traumatic brain injury - a narrative review of management
Authors: Karelia Shivaali , Halder Neel 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to >200,000 hospital admissions in the UK annually. Frontal lobes are frequently affected, leading to a sequela of symptoms affecting behaviour, emotions, and cognition; a cluster of symptoms referred to as dysexecutive syndrome (also known as frontal lobe syndrome). People who survive this, experience long-term sequelae and require long-term support through neurological rehabilitation. The UK has robust guidelines on the medical/physical aspects of rehabilitation following brain injury. However, these guidelines mention little information on the management of neurobehavioural problems following TBI. The aim of this review is to determine what the evidence-based neurobehavioural management of patients with dysexecutive syndrome following TBI is in the UK.

Methods:
A systematic review of articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE (1974 – present) and Web of Science was conducted. Search terms included frontal lobe syndrome, dysexecutive syndrome, traumatic brain injury, neurorehabilitation, neurological rehabilitation, neurological management, behaviour therapy and behavioural management. Additional references were sourced from the search results and author NH, a medical director within a hospital catering to people with brain injury.

Results:
168 results were obtained. 21 articles remained following exclusions: 19 original articles and 2 reviews. Interventions mentioned included: behavioural psychotherapy, memory training, feedback, awareness interventions, goal management training, social skills training, work placements, problem solving training, metacognitive skills, token economy and response cost. Interventions were utilised using a person-centred approach, however, generally there was a lack of consensus as the most effective one. Only 2 studies considered the long-term outcomes of rehabilitation.

Discussion:
Successful rehabilitation of dysexecutive syndrome post-TBI involves using a person-centred approach, to determine which intervention will target the problem of concern to the patient. Few papers address behavioural rehabilitation of dysexecutive syndrome post-TBI. Further research is required to determine the most effective and beneficial interventions for patients in both the short- and long-term.
Advances and challenges with gene therapy for haemophilia
Authors: Subramanian Nethra 
Published: January 2024

Summary:
Haemophilia rare inherited bleeding disorder caused by deficiency in clotting factor that affects around 6,000 people in the UK. Patients with haemophilia require regular prophylactic infusions of the deficient clotting factor intravenously, which causes a large burden on patients and their families. Gene therapy holds promise as a potential cure for Haemophilia. This article critically evaluates the existing evidence for gene therapy in Haemophilia.
Relevance:
There are several gene therapies in development for inherited conditions such as Haemophilia. Valoctocogene Roxaparvovec, a gene therapy for Haemophilia, is currently being assessed by regulatory authorities worldwide. Medical students and practicing physicians must be aware of the current evidence base for gene therapy for Haemophilia as well as the limitations thereof to help patients make informed decisions on whether gene therapy is a suitable treatment option for them.
Take Home Messages:
The current evidence shows that gene therapy is likely to be effective in increasing clotting factor levels and reducing bleeds for at least 3 years. However, long-term data is limited, and therefore, the durability of the treatment is unknown. Additionally, there is limited evidence on the safety and efficacy of gene therapy in patients with pre-existing antibodies to the viral vector, patients with inhibitors to the clotting factor, and children.
Hit snooze on your biological clock
Authors: Jayasinghe Sashini 
Published: January 2024

Ovarian reserve can be defined as the quality and quantity of oocytes in the ovaries. Ovarian reserve directly correlates with fertility. Ageing causes a natural decline in fertility, with ovaries having performed their full function by menopause, leaving females unable to conceive. Recent studies by Sfakianoudis et al. have explored the use of injected platelet rich plasma (PRP) to boost ovarian reserve and combat infertility. While this is currently a novel concept, the results are encouraging and PRP could well be introduced as a viable fertility treatment.
The MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING KELAS 1 MI FAJAR SIDDIQ PALEMBANG
Authors: Fitriany Nany , Hartatiana Hartatiana , Agustiani Riza , Taufiqurrachman Taufiqurrachman 
Published: January 2024

MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING KELAS 1
MI FAJAR SIDDIQ PALEMBANG

Nany Fitriany
e-mail:nanyfitria52@gmail.com
UIN Raden Fatah palembang

Abstrak: MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING KELAS 1 MI FAJAR SIDDIQ PALEMBANG
Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji hasil belajar menggunakan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) pada pembelajaran tematik. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas 1 MI Fajar Siddiq Palembang.
Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian didesain dalam dua siklus. Prosedur pada setiap siklus, mencakup tahap-tahap: 1) pengembangan fokus masalah, 2) perencanaan tindakan perbaikan, 3) pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi, dan interpretasi, 4) analisis dan refleksi, 5) perencanaan tindak lanjut. Keefektifan tindakan pada setiap siklus diukur dari hasil observasi dan hasil tes kemampuan intensif siswa. Data hasil observasi pada siklus I, dideskripsikan dan diinterpretasikan kemudian direfleksi untuk menentukan tindakan perbaikan pada siklus II. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning mengalami peningkatan dengan perolehan nilai dari siklus I sebesar 52% dan siklus II sebesar 92%. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase sebesar dari siklus I dan siklus II. Nilai rata-rata pencapai KKM siswa melalui model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning mengalami peningkatan dengan perolehan nilai dari siklus I sebesar 68,5 dan siklus II sebesar 83,2. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan dari kondisi awal sampai pada akhir siklus II menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dari hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Dengan model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan kemampuan hasil belajar pada siswa kelas 1 MI Fajar Siddiq 2021/2022.

Kata Kunci : Problem Based Learning, hasil belajar, pembelajaran tema
PENGGUNAAN METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PENGURUSAN JENAZAH SISWA KELAS XI IPA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DI SMA AL-HIDAYAT KECAMATAN KELUANG KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN
Authors: Handayani Kukuh , Fauzi Muhammad , Ihwan Munirul 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to improve the ability to organize the bodies of class XI IPA stu- dents in PAI subjects at SMA Al-Hidayat by using the demonstration method. This research is a classroom action research ( CAR). Data collection was carried out with observation sheets and practical tests conducted at the end of each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subject of this reseach is the students of class XI IPA at SMA Al-Hidayat, totaling 29 people. In the use of this demonstration learning method an increase in the skills of organizing students’ bodies per cycle. The first cycle the average score of students 52,24%. Cycle II students’ average score of 75,68%. Cycle III students average score of 90%. From the results of this study it can be recommended that the use of demonstration methods can be ap- plied by teachers in learning PAI in schools to improve the skills lof organizing bodies.
MANAJEMEN PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN BAKAT DAN MINAT MELALUI PROGRAM EKSTRAKULIKULER DI MA AL-FATTAH PALEMBANG
Authors: Saputra Ade Akhmad , Rahmatullisa Siti , Afifah Ulfa Nur , Arwan Arwan 
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana “Manajemen Peserta Didik Dalam Pengembangan Bakat dan Minat Melalui Program Ekstrakulikuler di MA Al-Fattah Palembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan wawancara dan observasi. Sehingga memberoleh hasil sebagai berikut: (1) Perencanaan manajemen peserta didik sudah cukup baik, namu ada beberapa ekstrakulikuler yang kurang aktif (2) Pelaksanaan manajemen peserta didik sudah cukup baik, sesuai dengan prosedur yang di rencanakan. Dalam pelaksanaannya peserta didik mengembangkan bakatnya melalui ekstrakulikuler seperti olahraga, pramuka, paskibra dan Rohis. (3) Evaluasi dilakukan ketika perencanaan, sehingga para guru bisa menganalisis apa kebutuhan siswanya dalam pengembangan bakat dan minat.