bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Transtheoretical Model for Physical Activity: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study on Japanese-Speaking Adults
Authors: Oba Takeyuki , Takano Keisuke , Katahira Kentaro , Kimura Kenta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) has been the basis of health promotion programs, which are, for example, used to tailor behavioral interventions according to the stages of change. Empirical studies have shown that the TTM effectively describes the processes of behavioral adaptation to acquire healthier lifestyles; however, it has been argued that TTM-based interventions are not superior to non-TTM-based interventions for promoting physical activity (PA). Evidence has also highlighted some inconsistencies with theoretical assumptions, especially regarding how each process-of-change strategy emerges across the stages.

Purpose
Therefore, we investigated (a) how well the TTM describes the distributional characteristics of PA levels as well as other relevant variables (e.g., process of change, self-efficacy) across stages, and (b) how predictive the TTM variables are of PA levels within each stage.

Methods
We analyzed data from 20,573 Japanese-speaking adults who completed online questionnaires on PA and TTM variables.

Results
The results replicated previous findings that stage membership is associated with PA, the process of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy, albeit with inconclusive evidence of temptations. Regression analyses revealed that some processes of change (self-reevaluation, reinforcement management, and self-liberation) were more predictive of PA in pre-active stages than in post-action stages; self-efficacy was predictive of PA only in the maintenance stage but not in the other stages.

Conclusions
Overall, the data support the theoretical assumptions of the TTM, but the stage specificity of the active processes may not always be consistent with the theory.
Topographic and Structural Anatomy of the Suspensory Ligament of the Penis: Implications for Phalloplasty
Authors: Mariani Ursula Meredith , Fayman Moshe , Nkomozepi Pilani , Ihunwo Amadi Ogonda , Mazengenya Pedzisai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The suspensory ligamentous system of the penis supports the penis when erect and plays a key role during coitus. These ligaments, which are prone to injury during coitus, are clinically important in penile reconstruction procedures.

Objectives
The current study investigated the macro- and microanatomy of the suspensory ligamentous system of the penis to determine the origin, course, insertion, dimensions, and tissue composition of these ligaments, knowledge of which is vital for successful penile reconstruction procedures.

Methods
The study utilized a total of 49 cadavers. Gross anatomy dissection, MRI, and histological staining were performed to elucidate the topography, dimensions, and tissue composition of the suspensory ligaments of the penis.

Results
Three ligaments were observed to form the suspensory ligamentous system of the penis. The most superficial is the fundiform ligament, which consists of superficial bundles and deep median bundles, with the former arising from the Scarpa's fascia and the latter arising from the linea alba of the anterior abdominal wall; both inserted into the superficial fascia of the penis. The suspensory ligament of the penis arose from the pubic symphysis and inserted into the deep fascia (Buck's fascia) of the penis. The arcuate ligament arose from the body of the pubis and pubic symphysis and inserted into the Buck's fascia. The ligaments were determined to consist of adipose tissue, collagen fibers, elastic fibers and reticular fibers, in varying proportions.

Conclusions
The suspensory ligaments of the penis exhibit a fan-like structure on the penis that allows the forward movement of the penis as a result of engorgement of the erectile bodies while simultaneously offering support.

Level of Evidence: 5
Temperature variability is associated with the occurrence of extrapair paternity in blue tits
Authors: Arct Aneta , Martyka Rafał , Drobniak Szymon M , Gustafsson Lars , Cichoń Mariusz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In birds, extrapair paternity (EPP) constitutes an alternative mating strategy, with potentially important fitness consequences for both males and females and their offspring. Several factors have been identified that can influence the occurrence of EPP, but the role of environmental variability has so far received relatively little attention. Using long-term data set from a wild population of the blue tit (Cyanistes cearuleus), we assess the importance of ambient temperature in modulating the levels of extrapair paternity. Here, we showed that the variability of local thermal conditions affects the occurrence of EPP. Specifically, we found that the probability of EPP increased with rising variability in ambient temperature experienced by females prior to egg laying. This pattern is consistent with an idea of plastic female responses to unpredictable environments. Our results suggest that extrapair mating may represent an adaptive behavioral strategy to compensate for the potential negative effects of unstable environmental conditions.
Improved diagnostic performance of insertable cardiac monitors by an artificial intelligence-based algorithm
Authors: Crespin Eliot , Rosier Arnaud , Ibnouhsein Issam , Gozlan Alexandre , Lazarus Arnaud , Laurent Gabriel , Menet Aymeric , Bonnet Jean-Luc , Varma Niraj 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims
The increasing use of insertable cardiac monitors (ICM) produces a high rate of false positive (FP) diagnoses. Their verification results in a high workload for caregivers. We evaluated the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based ILR-ECG Analyzer™ (ILR-ECG-A). This machine-learning algorithm reclassifies ICM-transmitted events to minimize the rate of FP diagnoses, while preserving device sensitivity.

Methods and results
We selected 546 recipients of ICM followed by the Implicity™ monitoring platform. To avoid clusterization, a single episode per ICM abnormal diagnosis (e.g. asystole, bradycardia, atrial tachycardia (AT)/atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachycardia, artefact) was selected per patient, and analyzed by the ILR-ECG-A, applying the same diagnoses as the ICM. All episodes were reviewed by an adjudication committee (AC) and the results were compared. Among 879 episodes classified as abnormal by the ICM, 80 (9.1%) were adjudicated as ‘Artefacts’, 283 (32.2%) as FP, and 516 (58.7%) as ‘abnormal’ by the AC. The algorithm reclassified 215 of the 283 FP as normal (76.0%), and confirmed 509 of the 516 episodes as abnormal (98.6%). Seven undiagnosed false negatives were adjudicated as AT or non-specific abnormality. The overall diagnostic specificity was 76.0% and the sensitivity was 98.6%.

Conclusion
The new AI-based ILR-ECG-A lowered the rate of FP ICM diagnoses significantly while retaining a &gt; 98% sensitivity. This will likely alleviate considerably the clinical burden represented by the review of ICM events.
The strongest aftershock in seismic models of epidemic type
Authors: Molchan G , Varini E 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
We consider an epidemic-type aftershock model, ETAS(F), for a large class of distributions F determining the number of direct aftershocks. This class includes Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial distributions and many other. Assuming an exponential form of the productivity and magnitude laws, we find a limiting distribution of the strongest aftershock magnitude μa when the initial cluster event m• is large. The regime can be either subcritical or critical; the initial event can be dominant in size or not. In the subcritical regime, the mode of the limiting distribution is determined by the parameters of productivity and the magnitude laws; the shape of this distribution is not universal and is effectively determined by F. For example, the Geometric F-distribution generates the logistic law, and the Poisson distribution (studied earlier) generates the Gumbel type 1 law. The accuracy of these laws for moderate initial magnitudes is tested numerically. The limit distribution of the Båth’s difference m• − μa is independent of the initial event size only if the regime is critical, and the ratio of exponents in the laws of magnitude and productivity is contained in the interval (1,2). Previous studies of the μa-distribution have dealt with the traditional Poisson F model and with arbitrary (not necessarily dominant) initial magnitude m•.
T-cell help in the germinal center: homing in on the role of IL-21
Authors: Petersone Lina , Walker Lucy S K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is overproduced in multiple autoimmune settings. Provision of IL-21 from follicular helper T cells is an important component of T-cell help within germinal centers (GC), and the last few years have seen a resurgence of interest in IL-21 biology in the context of the GC environment. While it has been more than a decade since T cell-derived IL-21 was found to upregulate B-cell expression of the GC master transcription factor B-cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl-6) and to promote GC expansion, several recent studies have collectively delivered significant new insights into how this cytokine shapes GC B-cell selection, proliferation, and fate choice. It is now clear that IL-21 plays an important role in GC zonal polarization by contributing to light zone GC B-cell positive selection for dark zone entry as well as by promoting cyclin D3-dependent dark zone inertial cycling. While it has been established that IL-21 can contribute to the modulation of GC output by aiding the generation of antibody-secreting cells (ASC), recent studies have now revealed how IL-21 signal strength shapes the fate choice between GC cycle re-entry and ASC differentiation in vivo. Both provision of IL-21 and sensitivity to this cytokine are finely tuned within the GC environment, and dysregulation of this pathway in autoimmune settings could alter the threshold for germinal center B-cell selection and differentiation, potentially promoting autoreactive B-cell responses.
Psychometric Properties of Instruments That Measure Vaping Outcome Expectancies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wall Nicole , Fox-Wasylyshyn Susan , Mirza Noeman , Ralph Jody 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Vaping is a growing public health concern. Interventions that address vaping must build upon rigorous research that uses psychometrically sound instruments to measure vaping-associated outcome expectancies.

Aims and Methods
The primary aim was to appraise the reporting of psychometric properties of instruments used to measure vaping outcome expectancies. Secondary aims were to distinguish the different types of outcome expectancies assessed across the measures, the conceptual underpinnings, and the evidence explaining e-cigarette use etiology. This systematic review was guided by an adapted version of the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guideline and Risk of Bias Checklist. Five electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies, dissertations, and theses that psychometrically evaluated instruments that measure vaping outcome expectancies. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were appraised based on their reporting of nine psychometric properties outlined in the COSMIN checklist.

Results
The review included 11 studies that described eight instruments and reported on two to five of nine predetermined psychometric properties. Structural validity, construct validity, and internal consistency were the most commonly reported properties. No studies reported test-retest, intrarater, or interrater reliability, measurement error, or responsiveness. Content validity and measurement invariance were only reported by two and four studies, respectively. The most commonly included subscales in the instruments were affect regulation, positive sensory experience, and negative health consequences. Many of the outcome expectancy subscales were associated with e-cigarette behaviors.

Conclusions
There is limited reporting of psychometric testing of instruments that measure vaping outcome expectancies; however, utilization of the COSMIN guideline could enhance the quality of such reporting.

Implications
Appraising the reporting of psychometric properties of instruments that measure vaping outcome expectancies is a first step to ensuring valid and reliable instruments are used to support rigorous research and build evidence-based knowledge. Future research should focus on testing for responsiveness, measurement error, and reliability, and on quality appraisal of the instruments. Studying vaping outcome expectancies may improve understanding of factors that influence and deter vaping. This may contribute to the development of effective interventions aimed at vaping cessation and prevention.
Circ_0001861 facilitates trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the miR-296-5p/forkhead box protein 1 pathway in preeclampsia
Authors: Liu Yanhua , Wang Shengpu , Zhang Xiaoying , Jia Xuewei , Lu Yuemei , Liu Yaping 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and placental trophoblastic disorders. Recent studies reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were involved in PE pathogenesis. However, the role of circ_0001861 in PE progression is largely unknown.

Methods:
The RNA expression of circ_0001861, forkhead box protein 1 (FOXP1) and microRNA-296-5p (miR-296-5p) was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Western blot assay was performed to examine the protein levels of FOXP1 and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine, and transwell assays. Luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were conducted to explore the interaction between miR-296-5p and circ_0001861 or FOXP1.

Results:
Circ_0001861 and FOXP1 were downregulated but miR-296-5p was upregulated in PE placenta. Upregulation of circ_0001861 facilitated trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. Mechanistically, circ_0001861 sponged miR-296-5p to elevate FOXP1 expression, thus promoting trophoblast cell progression.

Conclusion:
The circ_0001861/miR-296-5p/FOXP1 axis plays a critical role in trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, which may provide a novel insight into developing potential therapeutic targets for PE.
Normal physiological distribution and tumor localization of 64CuCl2 in different human malignancies along with semiquantitative scoring: a comparative evaluation with 18Fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) PET-CT
Authors: Baberwal Parth , Sonavane Sunita , Vimalnath K. V. , Chakravarty Rubel , Chakraborty Sudipta , Basu Sandip 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This study aimed to explore 64-Copper-Chloride (64CuCl2) PET-CT in various malignancies and demonstrate a head-to-head comparison of uptake on 64CuCl2 PET/computed tomography (CT) and 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG)-PET/CT scans for different malignancies, with an emphasis on 18FDG nonavid malignancies.

Methods
Fifty-three patients diagnosed with various biopsy-proven malignancies (except prostate cancer) were recruited in this prospective study. All the patients underwent both 64CuCl2 PET/CT and 18FDG-PET/CT. 64CuCl2 PET/CT was acquired at 1, 3 and 24 h time points. We studied the physiological biodistribution of 64CuCl2 in the various organs, corroborated the uptake of 64CuCl2 with various types of malignancies and comparison of their uptake with 18FDG-PET/CT and their correlation with each other in various lesions.

Results
The biodistribution study showed that the liver concentrated 64CuCl2 the most out of all the organs, followed by the pancreas and large intestine. Liver and intestinal activity increased subsequently with delayed imaging, and the washout of 64CuCl2 was noted in the pancreas in delayed images and followed a hepatobiliary excretion of tracer over a period of time. In lesion-wise analysis, it was noted that the primary neuroendocrine tumor, melanoma and renal/urothelial malignancy group showed more uptake of 64CuCl2, than that in metastasis and vice-versa was noted in lung and soft tissue malignancies. Comparing it with 18FDG, it was seen that FDG showed more uptake in lesions and showed no significant correlation (Kappa value: 0.089) with the uptake of 64CuCl2 in the lesion-wise comparison.

Conclusion

64CuCl2 PET/CT did not show any added advantage over 18FDG-PET/CT in the evaluation of the studied malignancies, both primary and their metastasis. Biodistribution studies showed the liver as the organ with maximum uptake, which implies it may hinder the detection of abdominal or hepatic involvement of the disease.
Impact factors of benefiting from initial 131I ablation in patients with intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a study based on a re-evaluation of therapeutic response
Authors: Ren Li , Hu Yongquan , Hu Yehuan , Xiao Da , Sun Junjie , Zhu Bo , Zhang Congli 
Published: January 2024

Objective
This study was carried out to confirm whether patients with intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) could benefit from initial 131I ablation and to identify the factors that impacted the benefit.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed a cohort of 548 patients with intermediate-risk DTC who were classified into structural incomplete response (SIR), biochemical incomplete response (BIR), indeterminate response (IDR), and excellent response (ER) groups according to the ATA guidelines (version 2015). A downgrade in the classification, such as from initial SIR to final BIR, IDR, or ER, from BIR to IDR or ER, and from initial IDR to final ER, was defined as benefiting from initial 131I ablation (benefit group). Non-downgraded classification meant non-benefit.

Results
64.78% of patients benefited from the initial 131I ablation in the final re-evaluation. Gender (OR = 0.038, P = 0.002), interval time (OR = 0.038, P = 0.002) and serum ps-Tg (OR = 0.961, P = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for benefiting from initial 131I ablation, with the cutoff value were 5 months and 19.08 ng/ml.

Conclusion
Patients with intermediate-risk DTC could benefit from initial 131I ablation. Female patients with intermediate-risk DTC whose interval time <5 months and ps-Tg <19.08 ng/ml were more likely to benefit. Early 131I ablation for such patients is beneficial for achieving a complete therapeutic response.
Transcranial direct current stimulation alters cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange in mouse brain
Authors: Wang Yan , Monai Hiromu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has gained prominence recently. Clinical studies have explored tDCS as an adjunct to neurologic disease rehabilitation, with evidence suggesting its potential in modulating brain clearance mechanisms. The glymphatic system, a proposed brain waste clearance system, posits that cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid (CSF-ISF) exchange aids in efficient metabolic waste removal. While some studies have linked tDCS to astrocytes inositol trisphosphate (IP3)/Ca2+signaling, the impact of tDCS on CSF-ISF exchange dynamics remains unclear.HypothesistDCS influences the dynamics of CSF-ISF exchange through astrocytic IP3/Ca2+signaling.MethodsIn this study, we administered tDCS (0.1mA for 10 minutes) to C57BL/6 mice anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine (KX). The anode was positioned on the cranial bone above the cortex, and the cathode was inserted into the neck. Following tDCS, we directly assessed brain fluid dynamics by injecting biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) as a CSF tracer into the cisterna magna (CM). The brain was then extracted after either 30 or 60 minutes and fixed. After 24 hours, the sectioned brain slices were stained with Alexa 594-conjugated streptavidin (SA) to visualize BDA using immunohistochemistry. We conducted Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and aquaporin 4 (AQP4)/CD31 immunostaining to investigate the underlying mechanisms of tDCS. Additionally, we monitored the efflux of Evans blue, injected into the cisterna magna, using cervical lymph node imaging. The experiments were subsequently repeated with inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2)-knockout mice.ResultsPost-tDCS, we observed an increased CSF tracer influx, indicating a modulation of CSF-ISF exchange by tDCS. Additionally, tDCS appeared to enhance the brain’s metabolic waste efflux. EEG recordings showed an increase in delta wave post-tDCS. But no significant change in AQP4 expression was detected 30 minutes post-tDCS.ConclusionOur findings suggest that tDCS augments the glymphatic system’s influx and efflux. Through astrocyte IP3/Ca2+signaling, tDCS was found to modify the delta wave, which correlates positively with brain clearance. This study underscores the potential of tDCS in modulating brain metabolic waste clearance.
Genomic background sequences systematically outperform synthetic ones in de novo motif discovery for ChIP-seq data
Authors: Raditsa Vladimir V. , Tsukanov Anton V. , Bogomolov Anton G. , Levitsky Victor G. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTEfficientde novomotif discovery from the results of wide-genome mapping of transcription factor binding sites (ChIP-seq) is dependent on the choice of background nucleotide sequences. The foreground sequences (peaks) represent not only specific motifs of target transcription factors, but also the motifs overrepresented throughout the genome, such as simple sequence repeats. We performed a massive comparison of the ‘synthetic’ and ‘genomic’ approaches to generate background sequences forde novomotif discovery. The ‘synthetic’ approach shuffled nucleotides in peaks, while in the ‘genomic’ approach randomly selected sequences from the reference genome or only from gene promoters according to the fraction of A/T nucleotides in each sequence. We compiled the benchmark collections of ChIP-seq datasets for mammalian and Arabidopsis, and performedde novomotif discovery. We showed that the genomic approach has both more robust detection of the known motifs of target transcription factors and more stringent exclusion of the simple sequence repeats as possible non-specific motifs. The advantage of the genomic approach over the synthetic one was greater in plants compared to mammals. We developed the AntiNoise web service (https://denovosea.icgbio.ru/antinoise/) which implements a genomic approach to extract genomic background sequences for twelve eukaryotic genomes.