bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐invasive molecular biomarkers for monitoring solid organ transplantation: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Fernando Jeffy J , Biswas Raja , Biswas Lalitha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSolid organ transplantation is a life‐saving intervention for individuals with end‐stage organ failure. Despite the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk of graft rejection persists in all viable transplants between individuals. The risk of rejection may vary depending on the degree of compatibility between the donor and recipient for both human leucocyte antigen (HLA) and non‐HLA gene‐encoded products. Monitoring the status of the allograft is a critical aspect of post‐transplant management, with invasive biopsies being the standard of care for detecting rejection. Non‐invasive biomarkers are increasingly being recognized as valuable tools for aiding in the detection of graft rejection, monitoring graft status and evaluating the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy. Here, we focus on the importance of molecular biomarkers in solid organ transplantation and their potential role in clinical practice. Conventional molecular biomarkers used in transplantation include HLA typing, detection of anti‐HLA antibodies, killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor genotypes, and anti‐MHC class 1–related chain A antibodies, which are important for assessing the compatibility of the donor and recipient. Emerging molecular biomarkers include the detection of donor‐derived cell‐free DNA, microRNAs (regulation of gene expression), exosomes (small vesicles secreted by cells), and kidney solid organ response test, in the recipient's blood for early signs of rejection. This review highlights the strengths and limitations of these molecular biomarkers and their potential role in improving transplant outcomes.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on jobs for people with intellectual disabilities and autism in Wales
Authors: Vigna Elisa , Meek Andrea , Beyer Stephen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study reports the impact of the Covid‐19 pandemic and lockdowns on jobs for people with intellectual disabilities and autism. The study focuses on the impact of the first and the fire‐break lockdowns and the actions taken to support young people.MethodData was collected from the cohort of young people currently working in Wales, and that received job coach support from the Engage to Change Project, on furlough arrangements, job retainment and job losses. Innovative initiatives to support young people are described.ResultsReview of the working situation during the pandemic was conducted for 184 jobs, evaluating the proportion of young people being furloughed or working remotely and compared with the general population in Wales.ConclusionsSupported employment agencies adapted their practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic, offering new and innovative ways to support young people and facilitate their return to work.
Acute epicardial pulmonary vein reconnection: Nondurable transmural lesion or late manifestation of conduction through intercaval bundle
Authors: Gu Wentao , Liu Weizhuo , Li Jian , Shen Jun , Liu Rongchen , Liang Weiguo , Luo Xinping , Xiong Nanqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionAcute pulmonary vein reconnection (PVR) via epicardial fibers can be found during observation period after PV isolation, the characteristics and related factors have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, locations, electrogram characteristics, and ablation parameters related to acute epicardial pulmonary vein reconnection (AEPVR).MethodsAcute PVR was monitored during observation period after PV isolation. AEPVRs were mapped and distinguished from endocardial conduction gaps. The clinical, electrophysiological characteristics and lesion set parameters were compared between patients with and without PVR. They were also compared among AEPVR, gap‐related reconnection, and epicardial PVR in repeat procedures.ResultsA total of 56.1% acute PVR were AEPVR, which required a longer waiting period (p < .001) than endocardial gap. The majority of AEPVR were connections from the posterior PV carina to the left atrial posterior wall, followed by late manifestation of intercaval bundle conduction from the right anterior carina to right atrium. AEPVR was similar to epicardial PVR in redo procedures in distribution and electrogram characteristics. Smaller atrium (p < .001), lower impedance drop (p = .039), and ablation index (p = .028) on the posterior wall were independently associated with presence of AEPVR, while lower interlesion distance (p = .043) was the only predictor for AEPVR in acute PVR. An integrated model containing multiple lesion set parameters had the highest predictive ability for AEPVR in receiver operating characteristics analysis.ConclusionsEpicardial reconduction accounted for the majority of acute PVR. AEPVR was associated with anatomic characteristics and multiple ablation‐related parameters, which could be explained by nondurable transmural lesion or late manifestation of conduction through intercaval bundle.
Diagnostic performance of angiography‐derived fractional flow reserve and CT‐derived fractional flow reserve: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Zhongxiu , Zhang Junyan , Cai Yujia , Zhao Hongsen , Wang Duolao , Li Chen , He Yong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveAccumulating evidence has demonstrated that fractional flow reserves (FFRs) derived from invasive coronary angiograms (CA‐FFRs) and coronary computed tomography angiography‐derived FFRs (CT‐FFRs) are promising alternatives to wire‐based FFRs. However, it remains unclear which method has better diagnostic performance. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of the two approaches.MethodsThe Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Medline (Ovid), the Chinese China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), VIP, and WanFang Data databases were searched for relevant studies that included comparisons between CA‐FFR and CT‐FFR, from their respective database inceptions until January 1, 2023. Studies where both noninvasive FFR (including CA‐FFR and CT‐FFR) and invasive FFR (as a reference standard) were performed for the diagnosis of ischemic coronary artery disease and were designed as prospective, paired diagnostic studies, were pulled. The diagnostic test accuracy method and Bayesian hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) model for network meta‐analysis (NMA) of diagnostic tests (HSROC‐NMADT) were both used to perform a meta‐analysis on the data.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included in this NMA. The results from both the diagnostic test accuracy and HSROC‐NMADT methods revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of CA‐FFR was higher than that of CT‐FFR, in terms of sensitivity (Se; 0.86 vs. 0.84), specificity (Sp; 0.90 vs. 0.78), positive predictive value (PPV; 0.83 vs. 0.70), and negative predictive value (NPV; 0.91 vs. 0.89) for the detection of myocardial ischemia. A cumulative ranking curve analysis indicated that CA‐FFR had a higher diagnostic accuracy than CT‐FFR in the context of this study, with a higher area under the ROC curve (AUC; 0.94 vs. 0.87).ConclusionsAlthough both of these two commonly used virtual FFR methods showed high levels of diagnostic accuracy, we demonstrated that CA‐FFR had a better Se, Sp, PPV, NPV, and AUC than CT‐FFR. However, this study provided only indirect comparisions; therefore, larger studies are warranted to directly compare the diagnostic performances of these two approaches.
Diverticular disease and risk of dementia: a Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dahl Sham Al‐Mashadi , Horváth‐Puhó Erzsébet , Henderson Victor W. , Erichsen Rune , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with diverticular disease (DD) have ongoing chronic inflammation associated with changes in the gut microbiome, which might contribute to the development of dementia.MethodsUsing Danish medical and administrative registries from 1980 to 2013, we conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study including all DD patients and a matched (5:1) general population comparison cohort without DD.A nested case–control analysis was then conducted using a risk set sampling, matching four DD controls without dementia to each DD patient with dementia. Clinical severity was categorized as uncomplicated DD (outpatient), conservatively treated DD (inpatient), and surgically treated DD.Results149 527 DD patients and 747 635 general population comparators were identified. The 30‐year cumulative incidence of dementia among DD patients and general population comparators were 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.1–12.7) and 13.73% (95% CI 13.6–13.9), respectively. This corresponded to a 30‐year hazard ratio (HR) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.1–1.1). The highest HRs were found in the conservatively treated DD group (1.15 95% CI 1.1–1.2) and the group with young onset of DD (1.52 95% CI 1.2–2.0). In the nested case–control analysis, we identified 8875 dementia cases and 35 491 matched controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for conservatively treated DD was increased (1.08, 95% CI; 1.0–1.2) compared to the reference of uncomplicated DD.ConclusionsWe observed a slight increased risk of dementia in patients with young onset DD and conservatively treated DD. Findings suggest an association between disease duration, perhaps reflecting the duration of gut inflammation, and the risk of developing dementia.
Early corticosterone increases vocal complexity in a wild parrot: An organizational role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in vocal learning?
Authors: McLean Celia R. , Mata Astolfo , Kline Richard J. , Berg Karl S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe neuroendocrinology of vocal learning is exceptionally well known in passerine songbirds. Despite huge life history, genetic and ecological variation across passerines, song learning tends to occur as a result of rises in gonadal and non‐gonadal sex steroids that shape telencephalic vocal control circuits and song. Parrots are closely related but independently evolved different cerebral circuits for vocal repertoire acquisition in both sexes that serve a broader suite of social functions and do not appear to be shaped by early androgens or estrogens; instead, parrots begin a plastic phase in vocal development at an earlier life history stage that favors the growth, maturation, and survival functions of corticosteroids. As evidence, corticosterone (CORT) supplements given to wild green‐rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) during the first week of vocal babbling resulted in larger vocal repertoires in both sexes in the remaining days before fledging. Here, we replicate this experiment but began treatment 1 week before in development, analyzing both experiments in one model and a stronger test of the organizational effects of CORT on repertoire acquisition. Early CORT treatment resulted in significantly larger repertoires compared to late treatment. Both treatment groups showed weak negative effects on the early, reduplicated stage of babbling and strong, positive effects of CORT on the later, variegated stage. Results are consistent with more formative effects of corticosteroids at earlier developmental stages and a role of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) in vocal repertoire acquisition. Given the early emergence of speech in human ontogeny, parrots are a promising model for understanding the putative role of the HPA axis in the construction of neural circuits that support language acquisition.
Spousal support, parent–nurse partnership and caregiver burden among parents of children with chronic diseases: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Jihye , Chae Heemin , Kim Yoonjung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of spousal support and parent–nurse partnership on caregiver burden of parents of children with chronic disease.BackgroundWith the trend of increasing the global number of children with chronic diseases, the parental caregiver burden has become increasingly prevalent.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study participants included 115 parents of children diagnosed with chronic disease at a general hospital in South Korea. The study duration was 4 June 2021–30 April 2022. Self‐reported measures included the parent–nurse partnership scale, the Korean version of the Parenting Alliance Inventory and the family caregiver burden scale. T‐tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear multiple regression were conducted using IBM SPSS version 26.0. This study followed STROBE guideline.ResultsParental caregiver burden was significantly negatively associated with spousal support and parent–nurse partnership. Factors significantly influencing caregiver burden were parental alcohol consumption; child's inherited metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, disease relating to haematological tumours or kidney disease diagnosis; child's health perceived as poor by parents; child's dependency perceived as high by parents; hospitalization recency; and low spousal support. These factors accounted for 65% of caregiver burden.ConclusionParental caregiver burden was related to spousal support and parent–nurse partnership, but the primary factor affecting caregiver burden was spousal support.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results highlighted the role of healthcare professionals in educating parents of children with chronic diseases to facilitate spousal support and have implications for nursing and community‐based interventions to reduce parental caregiver burden. Furthermore, they underlined that policymakers and other stakeholders should pay attention to the parental caregiver burden through government‐based, family‐centered strategies.Patient or public contributionParents of children with chronic disease were recruited to perform the self‐administered survey in the phase of data collection.
Fat‐tailed DSGE models: A survey and new results
Authors: Dave Chetan , Sorge Marco M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe review recent advances in dynamic stochastic general equilibrium theory concerned with the emergence of fat‐tailed time‐series distributions. Focusing on mechanisms that are firmly grounded in structural equilibrium models, we provide a common reference framework to organize existing contributions according to whether they entail extreme business cycle swings as an endogenous response to small and short‐lived shocks (“thin in, fat out”), or rather as an automatic consequence of large and/or heteroskedastic exogenous impulses (“fat in, fat out”). Within the former class, non‐Gaussian features of equilibrium patterns can endogenously emerge in fully rational, Gaussian environments. Using an empirically plausible real business cycle framework, we also report novel simulation‐based evidence that helps reconcile theoretical predictions with the documented higher‐order properties of time‐series data for output measures.
Reproductive outcomes after in vitro fertilization in women with cesarean section scar diverticulum: A retrospective study
Authors: Wu Qin , Wang Xiaohui , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeSome studies have suggested that cesarean section diverticulum may affect the pregnancy outcomes of assisted reproductive technology through a variety of mechanisms. This study aims to explore whether previous cesarean section and uterine scar diverticulum affect pregnancy outcomes after in vitro fertilization.MethodsThis retrospective study included 954 infertile women with only one previous delivery who had in vitro fertilization treatment and underwent fresh embryo transplantation for the first time at our center between 2015 and 2019. We first divided the women into two groups by previous vaginal delivery (n = 557) or cesarean section delivery (n = 397), and the latter group included 88 women with cesarean diverticulum and 309 women without cesarean diverticulum. Baseline characteristics were compared and analyzed, and logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the different pregnancy outcomes among the above groups.ResultsAlthough the live birth rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and mean embryo implantation rate after in vitro fertilization were significantly reduced in patients with previous cesarean section (live birth rate: 26.45% vs. 43.99%, adjusted OR: 0.602, CI: 0.447–0.810; clinical pregnancy rate: 35.26% vs. 49.91%, adjusted OR: 0.724, CI: 0.544–0.962; mean embryo implantation rate: 0.227 ± 0.378 vs. 0.243 ± 0.397, adjusted OR: 0.860, CI: 0.514–1.439), there were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the women with cesarean diverticulum and without cesarean diverticulum (p > 0.05) or between the two groups at different ages. The live birth and clinical pregnancy rates in the women with residual muscle thickness ≤2.2 mm or prolonged menstruation were reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed reduced pregnancy and live birth rates after in vitro fertilization in patients with previous cesarean section, while uterine scarring did not adversely affect pregnancy and delivery outcomes after in vitro fertiliazation.
Zimberelimab combined with systemic therapy extended tumor control in post‐radiotherapy cervical cancer with brain metastases: A case report
Authors: Ni Bing‐Qiang , Pan Ming‐Mei , He Lian‐Xiang , Li Ting 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOut of the total cases of cervical cancer, brain metastases (BMs) are relatively rare, with an estimated incidence rate of 0.63% (range: 0.1%–2.2%). Additionally, BMs prognosis remains poor, and the average patient survival time following a BM diagnosis is 3 to 5 months. Few studies have addressed the effect of programmed cell death‐1 inhibitors against BMs in cervical cancer, although they are an established option for recurrent/metastatic disease. Hence, we report a case involving a 54‐year‐old post‐surgery patient with cervical cancer with a body mass index of 19.5 kg/m2 and Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 3; the disease recurred with BMs 1 year later. Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy concurrent with temozolomide and bevacizumab was initiated, following which zimberelimab immunotherapy combined with anlotinib was administered to extend tumor control. The patient had a progression‐free survival duration of 10 months, the tumor response was assessed as a partial response based on the evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST1.1), and the ECOG status improved to 1 after therapy. These findings suggest that immunotherapy‐based combination therapy following radiotherapy may be a good choice for patients with cervical cancer and BMs.
Local employment multipliers for large publicly subsidized firms: Evidence from a synthetic control approach
Authors: Hanson Andrew , Rohlin Shawn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper provides estimates of local employment multipliers from large, publicly subsidized firms. We use a synthetic control weighted difference‐in‐difference estimation procedure that matches treated areas with comparison areas to generate local employment multiplier estimates. We show that local employment multiplier estimates have a high degree of uncertainty, with a wide range of point estimates (both positive and negative) and varying degrees of statistical significance. There is a concentration of positive employment multipliers from manufacturing facilities, but little correlation between estimated multipliers and subsidy value. We demonstrate that our approach produces drastically different results than a traditional difference‐in‐difference approach.
A CONSORT‐guided, randomized controlled clinical trial of nebulized administration of dexamethasone and saline on lower airway cytokine mRNA expression in horses with moderate asthma
Authors: Bond Stephanie , Léguillette Renaud 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNebulized administration of dexamethasone on cytokine regulation in horses with moderate asthma has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA after nebulized administration of dexamethasone treatment of horses with moderate asthma.AnimalsHorses with naturally occurring moderate asthma (n = 16) and healthy control horses (n = 4). All horses were kept in a dusty environment during the study.MethodsProspective, parallel, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. Blood endogenous cortisol, tracheal mucus, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were sampled before and after 13 days treatment with either nebulized administration of dexamethasone (15 mg once daily) or 0.9% saline (3 mL). Treatment groups were randomly allocated via randomization function (Microsoft Excel). Amplification of target mRNA in BAL fluid (IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12, IL‐17, IL‐23, IFN‐γ, Eotaxin‐2, and TNF‐α) was achieved by qPCR, and the relative expression software tool was used to analyze BAL inflammatory cytokine mRNA.ResultsHorses treated with nebulized administration of dexamethasone had increased relative expression of IL‐5 (1.70‐fold), IL‐6 (1.71‐fold), IL‐17 (3.25‐fold), IL‐12 (1.66‐fold), and TNF‐α (1.94‐fold), and decreased relative expression of IL‐23 (1.76‐fold; P = .04) in samples collected on Day 14, in comparison to samples collected on Day 0 (all P < .05). Horses treated with nebulized administration of saline had no significant difference in the relative expression of any gene (all P > .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceNebulized administration of dexamethasone was associated with increased expression of inflammatory cytokine mRNA. There was no improvement in inflammatory airway cytology associated with either dexamethasone or saline treatment.
Medial strabismus (esotropia) at rest associated with contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in 2 dogs
Authors: Liatis Theofanis , Plessas Ioannis N. , Volk Holger , Whittaker Danielle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPseudoabducens paralysis resulting in resting medial strabismus (esotropia) is a rare consequence of a contralateral paramedian thalamic ischemic infarction in people. To date, esotropia has been reported in dogs in association with ipsilateral abducens neuropathy or extraocular myopathy, but not secondary to thalamic lesions. A 7‐year‐old male neutered Border Collie and a 12‐year‐old female neutered cross‐breed dog were presented with peracute nonprogressive vestibular ataxia. Neurological examination identified right esotropia, nonambulatory tetraparesis, right head tilt, vestibular ataxia and nystagmus. Lesions in both dogs were localized to the vestibular system with thalamic involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain identified a left paramedian thalamic lacunar ischemic infarct in both dogs. Interruption of descending inhibitory pathways that decussate in the subthalamic region and innervate the contralateral motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve leads to hypertonicity of the medial rectus. These cases indicate that esotropia is a rare but highly localizing sign in dogs with contralateral thalamic infarcts.
Acute hypernatremia and hypocalcemia after oral sodium phosphate administration to a dog
Authors: VanDerslice Julia , Carroll Maureen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA 15‐year‐old male neutered mixed breed dog weighing 28 kg presented to a referral center after developing severe tremors and altered mentation. There was hypocalcemia and hypernatremia after oral administration of sodium phosphate as a bowel cleansing agent in preparation for colonoscopy. The dog was treated intravenously with low sodium fluids and calcium gluconate. Neurologic status and electrolyte derangements normalized over the next 12 hours. Oral administration of sodium phosphate appeared to cause clinical electrolyte derangements in this dog.