bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How generalist insect herbivores respond to alien plants? The case of Aphis fabae–Myzus persicae–Rhododendron ponticum
Authors: Ameline Arnaud , Denoirjean Thomas , Casati Marion , Dorland Jean , Decocq Guillaume 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe enemy release hypothesis (ERH) predicts that alien plant species are unsuitable hosts for native phytophagous insects. However, the biotic resistance hypothesis (BRH) predicts that generalist herbivores may prefer an alien plant over their common host plant. In this study, we have tested these two hypotheses by comparing the potential colonization of the invasive Pontic rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) versus the common rearing host plants by two generalist aphid species (Aphis fabae and Myzus persicae). We assessed (i) the probing behavior using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique and (ii) survival and fecundity in Petri dishes.RESULTSThe results showed the inability of A. fabae and Myzus persicae to immediately colonize R. ponticum. Despite their ability to feed on this invasive plant, the two aphid species hardly survived and poorly reproduced.CONCLUSIONOur results are consistent with the ERH, since R. ponticum appeared as an unsuitable host for native phytophagous insects. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Honokiol inhibits Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal pathogen of kiwifruit soft rot, by targeting membrane lipid biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Zhuzhu , Chen Tingting , Yin Xianhui , Wang Weizhen , Li Wenzhi , Chen Xuetang , Ma Jiling , Long Youhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDKiwifruit soft rot is mainly caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, representing a considerable threat to kiwifruit industry. This investigation assessed the inhibitory consequences and mechanisms of honokiol against B. dothidea, evaluating the inhibitory effects and underlying mechanism.RESULTSA strain of B.dothidea (XFCT‐2) was isolated from infected soft rot kiwifruit. The findings indicate that honokiol hindered the mycelial growth, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. dothidea in a dose‐dependent manner, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ultrastructural examinations showed that honokiol impaired the integrity of B. dothidea, leading to an elevation in cell membrane permeability, engendering a multitude of intracellular substance extravasations and hampering energy metabolism. Transcriptome analysis exhibited that honokiol‐regulated genes were related to membrane lipid biosynthesis, comprising ACC1, FAS2, Arp2, gk, Cesle, and Etnk1. These findings indicate that honokiol impedes B. dothidea by obstructing lipid biosynthesis within the cell membrane and compromising its integrity, halting the growth of the mycelia, which could potentially cause cellular demise.CONCLUSIONThis investigation illustrates how honokiol functions as an eco‐friendly approach to prevent the occurrence of soft rot in kiwifruits. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Adaptive neural network fixed‐time control for an uncertain robot with input nonlinearity
Authors: Kong Linghuan , Ouyang Yuncheng , Liu Zhijie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe article introduces an innovative adaptive fixed‐time control strategy designed for a robot system grappling with challenges like actuator saturation and model uncertainty. Two strategies are explored: model‐based control and neural networks control. In instances of model uncertainty, neural networks are leveraged to contend with the unknown dynamics of the robot system. These networks undergo training to approximate the elusive model parameters. Through this neural network approach, we establish adaptive laws grounded in fixed‐time convergence, ensuring that system tracking errors converge to a confined range near zero within a predetermined time frame. To tackle the issue of actuator saturation, an enhanced auxiliary system is introduced. This auxiliary system is tailored to counterbalance the adverse impacts of actuator saturation, thereby augmenting the tracking performance of the robot system. The proposed control policy is rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov theory, demonstrating that the system's tracking errors converge within a fixed time frame. To validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, both numerical simulations and practical experiments are conducted, affirming the effectiveness of the approach.
Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation Based on Core Size Effect of Heterostructured Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Kanghong , Tao Yi , Tang Zikun , Xu Xiaolan , Benetti Daniele , Vidal François , Zhao Haiguang , Rosei Federico , Sun Xuhui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) are shown to be effective as light‐harvesting sensitizers of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen (H2) generation. The CdSe/CdS core/shell architecture is widely studied due to their tunable absorption range and band alignment via engineering the size of each composition, leading to efficient carrier separation/transfer with proper core/shell band types. However, until now the effect of core size on the PEC performance along with tailoring the core/shell band alignment is not well understood. Here, by regulating four types of CdSe/CdS core/shell QDs with different core sizes (diameter of 2.8, 3.1, 3.5, and 4.8 nm) while the thickness of CdS shell remains the same (thickness of 2.0 ± 0.1 nm), the Type II, Quasi‐Type II, and Type I core/shell architecture are successfully formed. Among these, the optimized CdSe/CdS/TiO2 photoelectrode with core size of 3.5 nm can achieve the saturated photocurrent density (Jph) of 17.4 mA cm−2 under standard one sun irradiation. When such cores are further optimized by capping alloyed shells, the Jph can reach values of 22 mA cm2 which is among the best‐performed electrodes based on colloidal QDs.
Organic–Inorganic Rare‐Earth Double Perovskite Ferroelectric with Large Piezoelectric Response and Ferroelasticity for Flexible Composite Energy Harvesters
Authors: Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Lu Hai‐Feng , Luo Jia‐Qi , Zhang Ying‐Yu , Ni Hao‐Fei , Zhang Feng‐Wen , Wang Jianguo , Fu Da‐Wei , Wang Chang‐Feng , Zhang Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) ferroelectric materials have great potential for developing self‐powered electronic transducers owing to their impressive piezoelectric performance, structural tunability and low processing temperatures. Nevertheless, their inherent brittle and low elastic moduli limit their application in electromechanical conversion. Integration of HOIP ferroelectrics and soft polymers is a promising solution. In this work, a hybrid organic–inorganic rare‐earth double perovskite ferroelectric, [RM3HQ]2RbPr(NO3)6 (RM3HQ = (R)‐N‐methyl‐3‐hydroxylquinuclidinium) is presented, which possesses multiaxial nature, ferroelasticity and satisfactory piezoelectric properties, including piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of 102.3 pC N−1 and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33) of 680 × 10−3 V m N−1. The piezoelectric generators (PEG) based on composite films of [RM3HQ]2RbPr(NO3)6@polyurethane (PU) can generate an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 30 V and short‐circuit current (Isc) of 18 µA, representing one of the state‐of‐the‐art PEGs to date. This work has promoted the exploration of new HOIP ferroelectrics and their development of applications in electromechanical conversion devices.
Cs‐treatments in Kesterite Thin‐Film Solar Cells for Efficient Perovskite Tandems
Authors: Hwang Sun Kyung , Park So Jeong , Park Jae Hyun , Yoon Joo Ho , Yu Cho Jae , Cho Deok Ki , Heo Jaeyeong , Kim Gee Yeong , Kim Jin Young 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) thin film solar cells are an attractive choice for a bottom cell of the low‐cost and environmental tandem solar cells with perovskite. However, the progress in developing efficient perovskite/CZTSSe tandem solar cells has been hindered by the lack of high performance of the CZTSSe bottom cell. Here, an efficient CZTSSe bottom cell is demonstrated by adopting a facile and effective CsF treatment process. It is found that the CsF treatment not only facilitates grain growth and improves phase homogeneity by suppressing the detrimental deep‐level defects and secondary phases, but also induces larger band bending and stronger drift force at the P‐N junction. As a result, the carrier extraction/transport can be effectively accelerated, while reducing the interfacial recombination. These combined effects eventually result in a significant performance enhancement from 8.38% to 10.20%. The CsF‐treated CZTSSe solar cell is finally applied to the mechanically‐stacked perovskite/CZTSSe 4‐terminal tandem cell by coupling a semi‐transparent perovskite top cell, which exhibits the highest reported tandem efficiency of 23.01%.
Nickel Single Atom Density‐Dependent CO2 Efficient Electroreduction
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Zhang Han , Jia Zhenhe , Chen Shuai , Li Siming , Li Jijie , Zan Wen‐Yan , Wang Qiang , Li Yawei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M─N─C) with MNx sites has shown great potential in CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) for producing high value‐added C1 products. However, a comprehensive and profound understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the density of metal single atoms and the CO2RR performance is still lacking. Herein, a series of Ni single‐atom catalysts is deliberately designed and prepared, anchored on layered N‐doped graphene‐like carbon (x Ni1@NG‐900, where x represents the Ni loading, 900 refers to the temperature). By modulating the precursor, the density of Ni single atoms (DNi) can be finely tuned from 0.01 to 1.19 atoms nm−2. The CO2RR results demonstrate that the CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) predominantly increases from 13.4% to 96.2% as the DNi increased from 0 to 0.068 atoms nm−2. Then the FECO showed a slow increase from 96.2% to 98.2% at −0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) when DNi increased from 0.068 to 1.19 atoms nm−2. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experimental results, indicating a trade‐off relationship between DNi and CO2RR performance. These findings reveal the crucial role of the density of Ni single atoms in determining the CO2RR performance of M─N─C catalysts.
Recent Progress in Mass Spectrometry‐Based Single‐Cell Metabolic Analysis
Authors: Sun Xuming , Yu Yi , Qian Kun , Wang Jiayi , Huang Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSingle‐cell analysis enables the measurement of biomolecules at the level of individual cells, facilitating in‐depth investigations into cellular heterogeneity and precise interpretation of the related biological mechanisms. Among these biomolecules, cellular metabolites exhibit remarkable sensitivity to environmental and biochemical changes, unveiling a hidden world underlying cellular heterogeneity and allowing for the determination of cell physiological states. However, the metabolic analysis of single cells is challenging due to the extremely low concentrations, substantial content variations, and rapid turnover rates of cellular metabolites. Mass spectrometry (MS), characterized by its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range, and excellent selectivity, is employed in single‐cell metabolic analysis. This review focuses on recent advances and applications of MS‐based single‐cell metabolic analysis, encompassing three key steps of single‐cell isolation, detection, and application. It is anticipated that MS will bring profound implications in biomedical practices, serving as advanced tools to depict the single‐cell metabolic landscape.
Predicting de‐novo portal vein thrombosis after HCV eradication: A long‐term competing risk analysis in the ongoing PITER cohort
Authors: Kondili Loreta A. , Zanetto Alberto , Quaranta Maria Giovanna , Ferrigno Luigina , Panetta Valentina , Calvaruso Vincenza , Zignego Anna Linda , Brunetto Maurizia R. , Raimondo Giovanni , Biliotti Elisa , Ieluzzi Donatella , Iannone Andrea , Madonia Salvatore , Chemello Liliana , Cavalletto Luisa , Coppola Carmine , Morisco Filomena , Barbaro Francesco , Licata Anna , Federico Alessandro , Cerini Federica , Persico Marcello , Pompili Maurizio , Ciancio Alessia , Piscaglia Fabio , Chessa Luchino , Giacometti Andrea , Invernizzi Pietro , Brancaccio Giuseppina , Benedetti Antonio , Baiocchi Leonardo , Gentile Ivan , Coppola Nicola , Nardone Gerardo , Craxì Antonio , Russo Francesco Paolo ,   PITER Collaborating Investigators
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsSustained virological response (SVR) by direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) may reverse the hypercoagulable state of HCV cirrhosis and the portal vein thrombosis (PVT) risk. We evaluated the incidence and predictive factors of de novo, non‐tumoral PVT in patients with cirrhosis after HCV eradication.MethodsPatients with HCV‐related cirrhosis, consecutively enrolled in the multi‐center ongoing PITER cohort, who achieved the SVR using DAAs, were prospectively evaluated. Kaplan‐Meier and competing risk regression analyses were performed.ResultsDuring a median time of 38.3 months (IQR: 25.1–48.7 months) after the end of treatment (EOT), among 1609 SVR patients, 32 (2.0%) developed de novo PVT. A platelet count ≤120,000/μL, albumin levels ≤3.5 mg/dL, bilirubin >1.1 mg/dL, a previous liver decompensation, ALBI, Baveno, FIB‐4, and RESIST scores were significantly different (p < 0.001), among patients who developed PVT versus those who did not. Considering death and liver transplantation as competing risk events, esophageal varices (subHR: 10.40; CI 95% 4.33–24.99) and pre‐treatment ALBI grade ≥2 (subHR: 4.32; CI 95% 1.36–13.74) were independent predictors of PVT. After HCV eradication, a significant variation in PLT count, albumin, and bilirubin (p < 0.001) versus pre‐treatment values was observed in patients who did not develop PVT, whereas no significant differences were observed in those who developed PVT (p > 0.05). After the EOT, esophageal varices and ALBI grade ≥2, remained associated with de novo PVT (subHR: 9.32; CI 95% 3.16–27.53 and subHR: 5.50; CI 95% 1.67–18.13, respectively).ConclusionsIn patients with HCV‐related cirrhosis, a more advanced liver disease and significant portal hypertension are independently associated with the de novo PVT risk after SVR.
Canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma: Mucosal lesions found in a Pembroke Welsh corgi
Authors: Hayes Leah , Fales‐Williams Amanda , Mulherin Brenda L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA 12‐year‐old Pembroke Welsh corgi presented with lesions analogous to those seen in canine chronic ulcerative stomatitis. Advanced diagnostic methods revealed the mucosal lesions to be representative of canine cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma—a disease process usually seen in the cutaneous form, not solely isolated to mucosal lesions. Minimal aberrant clinical signs were shown by the patient apart from lip‐smacking and a decreased appetite. Histological evaluation of the mucosal tissue demonstrated by the overwhelming presence of CD3+ lymphocytes helped confirm the diagnosis in this case. A poor prognosis is generally associated with cutaneous epitheliotropic T‐cell lymphoma with a median survival time of approximately 1 year. Although limited treatment options are traditionally available, complete remission was achieved within several weeks using a protocol of lomustine and corticosteroids.
Alternative treatment of olive mill wastewater by combined sulfate radical‐based advanced electrocoagulation processes
Authors: Yazici Guvenc Senem , Tunc Sinan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the performance of advanced electrocoagulation (EC) process for the treatment of olive mill wastewater. In EC process, iron plates were used as electrodes, and peroxydisulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were added as oxidants. The effects of the initial pH value, current density, oxidant dose, and electrolysis time were optimized for pollutant removal from olive mill wastewater by EC‐PS and EC‐PMS processes. Control experiments showed that addition of oxidants to the conventional EC process increased the pollutant removal efficiency. Classical optimization method was used to determine optimum conditions, which were initial pH 4, current density 40 mA/cm2, oxidant dose 5 g/L, and electrolysis time 30 min for both processes. Under these conditions, EC‐PS and EC‐PMS processes achieved 50.5% and 48.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93.8% and 89.3% total phenol, 87.7% and 83% UV254, and 74.5% and 64.1% total suspended solid removal efficiencies. Quenching experiments were performed to determine the dominant radical species participating in the processes. It was observed that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were involved in both processes but hydroxyl radicals were more active. Specific energy consumption was calculated as 5.90 kWh/kg COD for EC process, 4.95 kWh/kg COD for EC‐PS process, and 5.20 kWh/kg COD for EC‐PMS process. The organic removal/sludge ratio of EC‐PS process was found to be higher with 17.5 g/L value. Although the application of EC‐PS and EC‐PMS processes alone is insufficient to meet the discharge limits, they have been found to be effective in olive mill wastewater treatment.Practitioner Points
Peroxydisulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐based advanced electrocoagulation (EC) was used in olive mill wastewater treatment.
50.5% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 93.8% TP, 87.7% UV254, and 74.5% TSS removals were achieved by EC‐PS.
48.9% COD, 89.3% TP, 83% UV254, and 64.1% TSS removals were obtained by EC‐PMS.
Hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were involved in both processes.
Culture and Happiness: An Interdependent Approach
Authors: Uchida Yukiko , Rappleye Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious chapters have progressively prepared the way for the core contribution of the current volume: the explication of an interdependent mode of happiness and well-being. In the current chapter, we examine interdependent happiness in detail, exploring its relation to culture, looking at what it means, what causes it, and the way it shapes motivation. In the course of this discussion, we necessarily discuss the definition of culture and the relationship between, say, culture and environment and biology. We contrast this interdependent mode with the independent mode that, in many ways, has become the default mode for global measurements of happiness. To further bring the interdependent mode into relief, we summarize several key studies and other empirical data built up by cultural psychologists. The current chapter sets the stage, in turn, for the next chapter in which we explore how this alternative mode of happiness leads to clear differences in actual cultural practices (e.g., education), social organization, and approaches to measurement.
The Rise of Mono-disciplinarity: Learning, Economics and the Production of Non-knowledge
Authors: Grek Sotiria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMichael Gibbons, Helga Nowotny and their colleagues saw the transition from Mode 1 to Mode 2 as a process of transcending disciplinary boundaries and structures. They suggested that Mode 1 knowledge production was happening predominantly in academic silos—university departments, schools or research councils. On the contrary, Mode 2 was seen as a mode of knowledge production that would bring different disciplines together in the search of answers to complex social problems; this was the advent of multidisciplinary, or even interdisciplinary, knowledge-making. Policy problems were seen as inherently interdisciplinary—hence the production of knowledge to understand and manage them had to span disciplinary boundaries in order to be useful. This chapter analyses the ways that the production of data for education over the last three decades, despite the complexity and interdependency of policy problems in education, has not been inter- but mono-disciplinary: it has primarily been dependent on the discipline of economics and the ensuing economisation of education policy as the preferred mode of producing knowledge for governing.
Optimally-Fair Exchange of Secrets via Delay Encryption and Commutative Blinding
Authors: Maffei Ivo , Roscoe Andrew W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe propose a new fair exchange protocol that takes advantage of delay encryption and commutative encryption to achieve optimal partial fairness among all protocols involving one-way messages. Our protocol consists of 3 setup messages and $$2N+1$$

2
N
+
1

exchange messages and it is fair against covert adversaries with probability $$1- \frac{1}{2N}$$

1
-

1

2
N

. We prove that this is optimal up to shortening the setup phase which is notably more efficient than existing protocols.
ℤN duality and parafermions revisited
Authors: Duan Zhihao , Jia Qiang , Lee Sungjay 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given a two-dimensional bosonic theory with a non-anomalous ℤ2 symmetry, the orbifolding and fermionization can be understood holographically using three-dimensional BF theory with level 2. From a Hamiltonian perspective, the information of dualities is encoded in a topological boundary state which is defined as an eigenstate of certain Wilson loop operators (anyons) in the bulk. We generalize this story to two-dimensional theories with non-anomalous ℤN symmetry, focusing on parafermionization. We find the generic operators defining different topological boundary states including orbifolding and parafermionization with ℤN or subgroups of ℤN, and discuss their algebraic properties as well as the ℤN duality web.
Neutrinos, dark matter and Higgs vacua in parity solutions of the strong CP problem
Authors: Redi Michele , Tesi Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The strong CP problem can be solved if the laws of nature are invariant under a space-time parity exchanging the Standard Model with its mirror copy. We review and extend different realizations of this idea with the aim of discussing Dark Matter, neutrino physics, leptogenesis and collider physics within the same context. In the minimal realization of ref. [1] the mirror world contains a massless dark photon, which leads to a rather interesting cosmology. Mirror electrons reproduce the dark matter abundance for masses between 500–1000 GeV with traces of strongly interacting dark matter. This scenario also predicts deviations from cold dark matter, sizable ∆Neff and colored states in the TeV range that will be tested in a variety of upcoming experiments. We also explore scenarios where the mirror photon is massive and the mirror particles are charged under ordinary electromagnetism with very different phenomenology. We also show that, for the measured values of the SM parameters, the Higgs effective potential can give rise to a second minimum at large field value as required to break spontaneously the parity symmetry.
Scattering amplitudes of fermions on monopoles
Authors: Khoze Valentin V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider scattering processes involving massless fermions and ’t Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopoles in a minimal SU(2) model and in the Grand Unified SU(5) theory. We construct expressions for on-shell amplitudes for these processes in the J = 0 partial wave using the spinor helicity basis consisting of single-particle and pairwise helicities. These processes are unsuppressed and are relevant for the monopole catalysis of proton decay. The amplitudes for the minimal processes involving a single fermion scattering on a monopole in the initial state and half-fermion solitons in the final state are presented for the first time and are used to obtain the amplitudes for processes involving more fermions in the initial state and integer fermion numbers in the final state. A number of such anomalous and non-anomalous processes, along with their amplitude expressions, are written down for the SU(5) GUT model.