bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight activity, associative learning, and memory in Asian honey bee Apis cerana
Authors: Syuhada N I , Raffiudin R , Tisniasari H S , Ovianti L R , Yudhistiro M K , Harahap K K , Latif A , Sayusti T , Rustami E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Honey bees have an important role as pollinators and are able to learn the flowering patches during foraging. These experiments aimed to investigate the associative learning and memory abilities of Apis cerana to find sugar and to observe the flight activities of the bees. The bees were trained using sugar solution at several distances using red and green papers as the landmarks that were placed beneath the sugar. Associative learning and long-term memory tests were carried out on day four and eleven after the training, respectively. On day four, we changed the angle of the sugar solution position to learn the length of time bees can find the shifting sugar. Our results confirmed that A. cerana could performed the training, as shown by the increasing number of A. cerana to the sugar from day one to day three during the training due to the recruitment process of the recruiter bee. A. cerana succeeded in associating each color and angle of landmarks and find the sugar in 15 minutes given in the day four. However, A. cerana failed the long-term memory test. Temperature and humidity showed negative and positive correlations, respectively, with the increasing number of flight activities of the bees.
Preliminary study on variations in local varieties of bornean ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn.) based on vegetative characters
Authors: Dewi A P , Arifiani D , Wulansari T Y I , Senjaya S K , Wanda I F , Hutabarat P W K , Lisnawati Y , Sunardi  , Prawestri A D , Evana  , Satrio R D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Bornean Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), a monotypic species of Eusideroxylon, is threatened due to its rarity in its natural habitat. It is a Class I timber commodity in Indonesia and known with several local varieties determined by local people. This study aimed to described the local varieties of ironwood from Kalimantan by taxonomic study. Field exploration had been carried out during 2022 to 2023 in North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, and West Kalimantan provinces to collect herbarium specimens of ironwood local varieties. The specimens were then observed and characterized in Laboratory of Plant Biosystematics-BRIN. Observation was also done for ironwood collection available at Herbarium Bogoriense. Fourty one characters extracted from vegetative parts, such as stems, twigs and leaves were used to find clades within ironwood species. Phenetic analysis generated six clades in which hair characters on twigs and leaves and color variations of twigs and petiole were the main informative characters that differentiate between clades at an infraspecific level. Anatomical characters cannot be used as supporting characters in this study. Support from deeper morphological analysis involving more specimens and species groups affiliated with the genus Eusideroxylon, as well as molecular analysis is needed to strengthen the grouping at an infra-specific level.
Diversity of bee tree (sambit) for Apis dorsata conservation in Membalong, Belitung Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Hayati S D , Qayim I , Raffiudin R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The land transformation of forests to monoculture threatened the existence of biodiversity in Belitung, including the bee trees (local name: sambit) for Apis dorsata nesting. Bee farmers are having difficulty finding numerous kinds of bee trees. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the species of bee trees, (2) to characterize the nesting branches of the bee tree, and (3) to identify the ecosystem of the bee trees in three villages in Membalong, Belitung Regency. Data were collected using: (1) interviewing bee farmers, (2) measurements of nesting branches, and (3) exploring the bee tree ecosystems. We discovered 22 species (13 families) of bee trees, with Myrtaceae was the most frequent. Syzygium cymosum (local name: mengkeling) was a common nesting tree of A. dorsata. The characteristics of bee trees were: height of the nesting branch: 7.85 ± 3.80 m above the ground, length of the branch: 2.74 ± 1.43 m, and the incline of the branch: 20.20° ± 2.57°. We found bee trees in terrestrial ecosystems (primary and secondary heath forests) and wetlands (swamps and mangroves). The last ecosystem was a new finding. We suggest local communities cultivate the native plants and reduce the area of forest land used.
Response of soybean and tomato plants under dual inoculation with Glomus sp. and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Chaerani  , Ginting R C B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Glomus can increase plant’s water and nutrient uptake and provide protection against plant parasitic nematodes. This study aimed to determine the response of soybean and tomato plants under inoculation with Glomus sp. and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita at different application times in pot experiments. On soybean, Glomus sp. alone or in combination with M. incognita significantly increased plant height, while simultaneous inoculation of both microorganisms significantly increased the root dry weight. The total leaf P content of soybean however, significantly decreased in response to all inoculation methods. On tomato plants, Glomus alone significantly increased tomato shoot dry weight, total plant dry weight, and the total leaf P content. The final nematode population, the number of nematodes penetrating the root, and the root gall scores were not significantly impacted by either Glomus or M. incognita inoculation The inconsistent effect of Glomus inoculation on plant growth and total leaf P content as well as the inability of Glomus to reduce M. incognita infestation may be contributed by the extent of root colonization by Glomus and variability in the species of Glomus.
Diversity and ecological dynamics of ground and understory arachnid spiders from a lowland tropical forest in Sumber Pawon, Kediri, East Java
Authors: Trisnawati I , Muryono M , Prastyanto P I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Spiders have significantly contributed to the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and play an essential role as appropriate bio-indicators to monitor habitat changes. We aim to determine the composition and local scale diversity of spiders in the understory and ground layers and to determine habitat preferences regarding the distribution of spiders in the interior forests and riparian forests. Sampling was conducted at a protected forest area in Sumber Pawon Kediri, covering an area of 12.45 Ha during the wet season (January-March). The study’s results found 340 individuals consisting of 15 families and 63 species. Family Araneidae and species Hamadruas superba are the most common taxa groups in the interior forests, while Hippasa holmerae are in riparian forests. More individuals and species are found understorey shrubs in forest interiors. Soil temperature, relative humidity, and litter thickness positively correlate with spider abundance. Resource partitioning observation showed that leaf litter and herbaceous plants contain more potential prey for spiders. Forest habitat management programs must consider the spatial variation of spiders between strata, as well as the response of the spiders to the seasons. A better understanding of spider ecological dynamics will support the sustainable management of forest ecosystems.
Effect of salinity on glandular trichomes density, phenolic and flavonoid contents of Morus spp. accessions leaves from Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Y R E , Sulistyaningsih Y C , Suprayogi A , Rahminiwati M , Triadiati T 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The density of glandular trichomes and metabolite compounds in plants can increase under salt stress. Information about the glandular trichomes density described tolerance to salt stress however, there is no information about it in mulberry. This study aimed to obtain accessions of mulberry that are tolerant to NaCl concentrations based on cystolith trichome density, glandular trichome density, and phenolic and flavonoid content. Mulberry stem cuttings were planted using a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The first treatment used was seven mulberry accessions, which come from 5 regions in Indonesia (Bali, Makassar, Pati, Situbondo, and Bogor), and the second was the NaCl concentration (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%). The results showed that the highest cystolith trichomes density was obtained in M2 accession (32.5 cells/mm2 from the highest NaCl concentration). The highest density of the glandular trichomes was obtained in the M4 accession (50 cells/mm2 from the highest NaCl concentration). The highest phenolic and flavonoid contents were obtained in the M4 accession (154.6 mg GAE/g extract for 0.3% concentration of NaCl) and M2 accession (619.56 mg QE/g extract for the highest concentration of NaCl), respectively. The study concluded that the M2 (accession from Bogor) is tolerant to salt stress.
Identification of luciferase cDNA of Neonothopanus sp. (Agaricales: Omphalotaceae)
Authors: Ahda Y , Ningsih D U , Achyar A , Ratnawulan  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Some fungi are capable of bioluminescence. One of the intriguing bioluminescent mushrooms is Neonothopanus. This mushroom has large fruity body and can produce light throughout their entire body. Light is produced by the reaction of luciferase enzyme to its substrate, luciferin. The information of Neonothopanus luciferase gene is still limited. The aim of this study is to characterize Neonothopanus sp. luciferase cDNA. Samples were collected in Pesisir Selatan West Sumatera. Total RNA and LuzF and LuzR primers were used to amplify 830 bp Neonothopanus sp luciferase cDNA. It was found that the query cover of the luciferase cDNA of Neonothopanus sp. to N. nambi is 93%, and 37% for N. gardnery. Neonothopanus sp and N. nambi have different nucleotides at position 320 – 369, while Neonothopanus sp and N. gardnery just have similar nucleotides at position 9 - 322 pb. Phylogenetic analysis shows bootstrap value of Neonothopanus sp cDNA sequences and Neonothopanus nambi 100% and 99.5% with N. gardneri. This suggests that Neonothopanus sp. luciferase cDNA is closely related to Neonothopanus nambi and N. gardneri.
Homegarden ethnobotany of three Malay Villages in Belitung District, Indonesia
Authors: Prasaja D , Chikmawati T , Sulistijorini  , Purwanto Y , Djuita N R 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEthnic culture influences the plant diversity in homegardens, automatically impacting socio-economic and ecological services. The Malay ethnic in the Belitung district uses many species of plants from their homegardens. However, ethnobotanical studies of the homegarden must be carried out for more efficient and sustainable use. This study aimed to describe the plant diversity and structure of the Malay homegarden in the Belitung district through an ethnobotanical perspective. Ethnobotanical data were collected using the participatory observation method in three villages from different sub-districts, Kembiri, Sijuk, and Suak Gual. The key and general respondents were selected using the purposive and the snowball sampling methods, and the plant diversity was identified using the inventory method. The structure of the Malay homegarden in Belitung consists of side, front, and back yards. The homegarden plants have four habitus types: trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. The homegarden area in Sijuk villages was the most spacious (599.55 m2). Myrtaceae dominated the homegarden in Sijuk, while the Zingiberaceae dominated the Kembiri and Suak Gual villages. The highest Index of Cultural Significance value isCocos nuciferain Sijuk and Kembiri villages andCitrus macrocarpain Suak Gual Village. Malay ethnic uses most homegarden plants for food and medicine ingredients.
Assessing phytoremediation potentials of heavy metals on selected plants species in the restoration environments of Gold Mining Area
Authors: Anwar S , Dharsono M , Zaery F P , Subagya M , Ananto H , Lubis A , Susilowati A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Mining activity have impacts on the environment which potentially expose heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to design the reclamation in order to improve the restoration. This research aims to assess the phytoremediation of potential acid forming (PAF) reclamation area of Henny Dump. The research was carried out by identifying the plant species, and then measuring the plant vegetation index, and measuring the concentration of heavy metals. The research showed that Falcataria molucana (IVI: 150%) and Gmelina arborea (IVI: 150%) are species with the highest Important Value Index (IVI). The soil analysis result for total concentrations of ferrous (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and mangan (Mn) showed that the most significant decrease in the four-year period i.e., Ferrous. Falcataria molucanna and Gmelina arborea as the fast-growing species for restoring the reclamation area which can survive in low acidity concentrations and high of heavy metals ferrous concentrations. These fast-growing species are tolerant in high concentration of ferrous and low acidity of soil quality, as well have the potential to absorb the essential heavy metals of ferrous, where in 2019 the iron concentration was 39,575 ppm and in 2022 was 7,100 ppm
Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in interim storage of spent nuclear fuel
Authors: Rahayu D S , Ambarsari L , Shalsabilla S E , Fadilah A , Sanjaya M F , Sambari R R , Ramadhan F , Rijal M S , Nadyaputri I G , Sugoro I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Interim Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel (ISSF) is an installation for temporarily storing spent nuclear fuels. Nuclear fuel storage pools must be free from contamination by corrosion-causing microorganisms such as Sulphate Reduction Bacteria (SRB). This research aims to detect SRB on the pool’s wall, floor, and spent nuclear fuel racks. The measured parameters consisted of physicochemical, total bacteria, total SRB, and detection of SRB on the wall, floor, and spent fuel rack in the pool using the SRB kit. The results showed that the quality of the water chemistry in the pool was within limits according to the provisions of the International Atomic Energy Agency, except for the total bacteria (> 1000 CFU/ml). In the water pools around the racks of spent fuels, SRB was also detected at 30 CFU/ml, while the level of SRB on the walls, floors, and spent nuclear fuel racks showed varied values from moderate to severe. This research is important especially to identify corrosion-causing microbes for water and biofilm samples. This is the first step in understanding the problem of biofilm formation and contamination of microorganisms in spent fuel storage pools.
The effect of essential oils nanoemulsion on the plant growth and suppression of basal stem rot disease in chili pepper
Authors: Wartono  , Noveriza R , Manohara D , Herawati H , Sondari D , Restu W K , Warman R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of essential oils nanoemulsion on the growth and suppression of basal stem rot disease in chili pepper. The research was conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment using a completely randomized design consisting of eight treatments and three replications. The treatments involved varying concentrations of essential oils nanoemulsion formula and mancozeb, as well as a control group. The growth potential of chili seeds was assessed by soaking them in the treatment solutions and observing their growth after planting. Disease efficacy was determined by applying the formula around the planting media of 45-day-old plants and subsequently inoculating them with P. capsici zoospores. Disease observations were made starting from three days after inoculation until the control plants exhibited a score of 5. The results demonstrated that the formula effectively enhanced plant growth, with the best treatment showed by Na 0.5%. Furthermore, the nanoemulsion at all tested concentrations demonstrated significant suppression of the disease, with the most effective treatments were presented by Na 1.5%, Na 3.0%, and Na 2.0% in that order. These findings suggest that the formula is promosing to control the disease of basal stem rot in chili plants in field conditions.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of bacterial cellulose-based edible film from sago liquid waste incorporated with spices
Authors: Yanti N A , Ahmad S W , Ramadhan L O A N , Walhidayah T 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBacterial cellulose-based edible films from sago liquid waste incorporated with spice juices have been developed to obtain functional food packaging. The aim of this study is to assess the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of spice-fortified edible films, namely ginger, garlic and turmeric. The manufacture of edible films was carried out using the casting method. Antimicrobial activity was measured by disc diffusion using three indicator bacteria(Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,Escherichia coliATCC 35218, andBacillus cereusATCC 14579) and two indicator fungi(Aspergillus flavusATCC 10231 andCandida albicansIPBCC 88.030). Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. The results showed that bacterial cellulose-based edible film fortified with spices (ginger, garlic and turmeric) could increase antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The edible film fortified with garlic had the best antimicrobial activity, while the edible film fortified with turmeric had the best antioxidant activity. Therefore, adding spice juices to edible films can increase its function as food packaging.
The antioxidant activity of endophytic fungal extract of nutmeg plant (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) from Cimande West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmi D , Praptiwi  , Simajuntak P , Ilyas M , Agusta A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The bioproduction of bioactive metabolites from nutmeg endophytic fungi from Cimande, Wesh Java Indonesia was successful. In this research, bioactive antioxidant metabolites were extracted from nutmeg endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi from nutmeg plant parts were grown on CMMA media. Each fungus was isolated by growing it on PDA media. A total of 21 endophytic fungi isolates were grown on PDB media before being extracted with ethyl acetate as a solvent. The morphology of 21 endophytic fungal isolates was identified based on morphological characteristics. There are 11 Phomopsis sp., 1 Fusarium oxysporum, 5 Colletotrichum sp., 1 Schizophyllum sp., 1 Dematiaceae sp., 1 Coelomycetes sp., and 1 Xylaria sp. The bioautographic TLC method and DPPH-free radical scavenging activity were used to determine antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity analysis showed that 14 of the 21 endophytic fungus extracts were active. One nutmeg pericarp endophytic fungus showed strong antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 30.0 g mL-1 and AAI of 1.04. Furthermore, the IC50 values for two fungal extracts from the leaf and pistil nutmeg were less than 100 g.mL-1. The three fungi with IC50 less than 100 g.mL-1 were identified as Phomopsis sp.
Isolation and characterization mercury-resistant bacteria from gold mining in Lebong, Bengkulu
Authors: Setiawan R , Wibowo R H , Sipriyadi  , Mashudi  , Wulandari G D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lebong a regency in Bengkulu Province, possesses prominent potential in gold mining. This mining activity is conducted through amalgamation techniques, resulting in the deposition of mining residue containing mercury, subsequently leading to environmental pollution. Recognizing the hazards associated with such pollution, it becomes imperative to mitigate the presence of mercury through effective remediation strategies. Bioremediation, utilizing Mercury Resistant Bacteria (MRB), widely known as a viable method for mitigating mercury contamination. This study aims to isolate and characterize MRB to facilitate their potential application in addressing heavy metal pollution. This study involved the isolation and characterization of MRB through morphological observations, Gram staining, and biochemical tests (glucose, sucrose, fructose, citrate utilization, starch hydrolysis, urease activity, and catalase production). A total of 43 bacterial isolates were obtained from water, sediment, and soil samples collected from surrounding gold mining waste disposal. Among these isolates, bacteria resistant to mercury were selected on NA supplemented with various concentrations of mercury. Five potential candidates of MRB were identified, with the highest mercury concentration tested being 1000 ppm. Based on identification using Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, it was determined that four out of the five isolates belonged was Pseudomonas, while another belonged to Staphylococcus.
Expression of human papillomavirus genotype 52 pseudovirus in HEK-293T cells
Authors: Kusumawati A , Septisetyani E P , Triratna L , Umami R N , Hertati A , Mustopa A Z 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the predominant cause of cervical cancer globally. HPV genotype 52 is categorized as a high-risk type and holds the highest prevalence in Indonesia (23.2 %). The HPV pseudovirus can be used to test the immunogenicity of HPV vaccine candidates and evaluate the neutralization efficiency of the antibodies against the virus. The aim of this study was to express the HPV52 L1 and L2 capsid protein into pseudovirion containing the GFP reporter plasmid (pfwB) in HEK-293T cells. HPV52 L1 and L2 coding plasmid (pVITRO52) along with pfwB were amplified in E. coli. The plasmids were extracted and co-transfected using polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based transfection method into the HEK-293T cells. The expression of HPV52 pseudoviruses were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and western blot method. Co-transfection of HPV52 L1 and L2 coding plasmid (pVITRO52) along with pfWB into the HEK-293T cells was successfully carried out. The co–transfected HEK-293T cells showed fluorescence. The western blot assay using HPV52 L1 protein primary antibody showed a band around ∼55 kDa. In the future, the results of this study will be used to evaluate the immunogenicity and neutralization assay of HPV vaccine candidates.
The cloning of ESAT-6, EspC and Rv2029c genes obtained from an Indonesian tuberculosis-infected patient
Authors: Hidayah N , Pambudi S , Widayanti T , Suryanggono J , Luqman M , Mulyawati L , Nurlaila I , Novianti T , Nie N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Early secreted antigenic target of 6-kDa protein (ESAT-6), a protein related to tuberculosis virulence (EspC) and latent antigen Rv2029c are important biomarkers for Mycobacterium tuberculosis prevention. Recent advances in subunit protein vaccines offer promising solutions to the inadequacies of existing BCG vaccines. In this study, these antigens were cloned into pET plasmid series to express the genes using the Escherichia coli expression system. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to amplify the target genes from genome DNA isolated from Indonesia tuberculosis-infected patient’s sputum. A 309 bp of ESAT-6 fragment and a 337 bp of EspC fragment were inserted into pET-21b. Meanwhile, the 1038 bp of Rv2029c fragment was inserted into pET-32b. All constructs were transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10 and screened on Luria Bertani agar media containing ampicillin. The transformants were subjected to colony PCR using T7 universal primers followed by plasmid isolation to confirm the recombination. All genes were successfully cloned into the pET plasmid series. These results serve as a basis for further studies to express the recombinant protein as a booster vaccine.