bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Scale Residual Graph Convolution Network with hierarchical attention for predicting traffic flow in urban mobility
Authors: Ling Jiahao , Lan Yuanchun , Huang Xiaohui , Yang Xiaofei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate prediction of traffic flow is essential for optimizing transportation resource allocation and enhancing urban mobility efficiency. However, traffic data generated daily are vast and complex, involving dynamic and intricate changes in the traffic road network and traffic flow. Therefore, real-time and accurate prediction of traffic flow is a challenging task that requires modeling the intricate spatial–temporal dynamics of traffic data. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for traffic flow prediction, based on a Multi-Scale Residual Graph Convolution Network with hierarchical attention. First, we design a novel encoder–decoder with multi-independent channels to capture traffic flow information from different time scales and diverse temporal dependencies. Second, we employ a coupled graph convolution network with residual graph attention to dynamically learn the varying spatial features among and within traffic stations. Third, we utilize channel attention to fuse the multi-scale spatial–temporal dependencies and accurately predict traffic flow. We evaluate the proposed approach on multiple benchmark datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate its superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches in terms of various metrics.
Macroporous Directed and Interconnected Carbon Architectures Endow Amorphous Silicon Nanodots as Low-Strain and Fast-Charging Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Han Meisheng , Yu Peilun , Lin Junsheng , Yu Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFabricating low-strain and fast-charging silicon-carbon composite anodes is highly desired but remains a huge challenge for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we report a unique silicon-carbon composite fabricated by uniformly dispersing amorphous Si nanodots (SiNDs) in carbon nanospheres (SiNDs/C) that are welded on the wall of the macroporous carbon framework (MPCF) by vertical graphene (VG), labeled as MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C. The high dispersity and amorphous features of ultrasmall SiNDs (~ 0.7 nm), the flexible and directed electron/Li+ transport channels of VG, and the MPCF impart the MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C more lithium storage sites, rapid Li+ transport path, and unique low-strain property during Li+ storage. Consequently, the MPCF@VG@SiNDs/C exhibits high cycle stability (1301.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles without apparent decay) and high rate capacity (910.3 mAh g−1, 20 A g−1) in half cells based on industrial electrode standards. The assembled pouch full cell delivers a high energy density (1694.0 Wh L−1; 602.8 Wh kg−1) and an excellent fast-charging capability (498.5 Wh kg−1, charging for 16.8 min at 3 C). This study opens new possibilities for preparing advanced silicon-carbon composite anodes for practical applications.
Quantum Spin Exchange Interactions to Accelerate the Redox Kinetics in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Du Yu , Chen Weijie , Wang Yu , Yu Yue , Guo Kai , Qu Gan , Zhang Jianan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpin-engineering with electrocatalysts have been exploited to suppress the “shuttle effect” in Li–S batteries. Spin selection, spin-dependent electron mobility and spin potentials in activation barriers can be optimized as quantum spin exchange interactions leading to a significant reduction of the electronic repulsions in the orbitals of catalysts. Herein, we anchor the MgPc molecules on fluorinated carbon nanotubes (MgPc@FCNT), which exhibits the single active Mg sites with axial displacement. According to the density functional theory calculations, the electronic spin polarization in MgPc@FCNT not only increases the adsorption energy toward LiPSs intermediates but also facilitates the tunneling process of electron in Li–S batteries. As a result, the MgPc@FCNT provides an initial capacity of 6.1 mAh cm−2 even when the high sulfur loading is 4.5 mg cm−2, and still maintains 5.1 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles. This work provides a new perspective to extend the main group single-atom catalysts enabling high-performance Li–S batteries.
A coupled hydro-thermo-mechanical model based on TLF-SPH for simulating crack propagation in fractured rock mass
Authors: Mu Dianrui , Zhang Ke , Ma Qing , Wang Junjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a hydro-thermo-mechanical coupling model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics with total Lagrangian formula (HTM-TLF-SPH) is proposed to simulate the crack propagation and instability process of fractured rock mass. TLF-SPH uses the Lagrangian kernel approximation, that is, the kernel function and its gradient need only be calculated once in the initial configuration, which is much more efficient than the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) based on the Euler kernel approximation. In TLF-SPH, particles interact with each other through virtual link, and the crack propagation path of rock mass is tracked dynamically by capturing the fracture of virtual link. Firstly, the accuracy and robustness of the HTM-TLF-SPH coupling model are verified by a reference example of drilling cold shock, and the simulation results agree well with the analytical solutions. Then, the crack propagation law of surrounding rock and the evolution characteristics of physical fields (displacement, seepage and temperature fields) after excavation and unloading of deep roadway under the coupling condition of hydro-thermo-mechanical are investigated. In addition, the seepage and heat transfer processes of the surrounding rock of Daqiang coal mine under different coupling conditions are successfully simulated. Meanwhile, the effect of the boundary water pressure difference on the temperature and seepage fields under the hydro-thermal coupling condition is quantitatively analyzed.
Testing theories of gravity with planetary ephemerides
Authors: Fienga Agnès , Minazzoli Olivier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe describe here how planetary ephemerides are built in the framework of General Relativity and how they can be used to test alternative theories. We focus on the definition of the reference frame (space and time) in which the planetary ephemeris is described, the equations of motion that govern the orbits of solar system bodies and electromagnetic waves. After a review on the existing planetary and lunar ephemerides, we summarize the results obtained considering full modifications of the ephemeris framework with direct comparisons with the observations of planetary systems, with a specific attention for the PPN formalism. We then discuss other formalisms such as Einstein-dilaton theories, the massless graviton and MOND. The paper finally concludes on some comments and recommendations regarding misinterpreted measurements of the advance of perihelia.
Practical Guidelines for Standardised Resolution of Important Protocol Deviations in Clinical Trials Conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Zemsi Armel , Nekame Lorraine Jinette Guedem , Mohammed Nuredin , Batchilly Elizabeth Stanley , Dabira Edgard , Sillah Sheikh Omar , Sey Gibbi , Williams Daisy H. , Dondeh Bai-Lamin , Cerami Carla , Clarke Ed , D’Alessandro Umberto 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA clinical trial is any research on human subjects that involves an investigational medicinal product or device. Investigational medicinal products include unlicensed drugs or drugs used outside the product license (e.g. for a new indication) (ICH-GCP). As per the internationally accepted ICH-GCP guidelines, clinical trials should be conducted strictly per the approved protocol. However, during the lifecycle of a trial, protocol deviations may occur. Under ICH efficacy guidelines, protocol deviations are divided into non-important (minor) or important (major), and the latter can jeopardise the participant’s rights, safety or the quality of data generated by the study. Existing guidelines on protocol deviation management do not detail or standardise actions to be taken for participants, investigational products, data or samples as part of a holistic management of important protocol deviations. Herein, we propose guidelines to address the current literature gap and promote the standardisation of actions to address important protocol deviations in clinical trials. The advised actions should complement the existing local institutional review board and national regulatory authority requirements.
Modeling and characterization of shallow aquifer water based on ion concentrations to salinity variations using multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Khan Riaz Hossain 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWater chemistry data (1965–2015) from the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in Nueces and Kleberg counties of Texas were analyzed to assess the hydrogeochemical processes based on variations in ion concentrations affecting groundwater salinity levels in those coastal aquifers. A further aim of this study was to identify a proxy using major-ion concentrations to predict groundwater salinity. Correlation analysis suggests that the hydrogeochemical processes operating in these aquifers differ significantly. In principal component analyses, the first three principal components explain 91% and 94.8% of the total variabilities of the variation of groundwater chemistry in the Evangeline and Chicot aquifers, respectively. The rotated factors (factors 1, 2, and 3) using the varimax rotation method implied that depth control and salinity variations predominantly cause the highest variabilities in water chemistry in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the study area. Results showed depth control on water quality parameters was more pronounced in the Evangeline aquifer compared to the Chicot aquifer. Stepwise elimination of the least significant predictors to identify the proxy for groundwater salinity revealed chloride (Cl) could be the most significant predictor to estimate groundwater salinity variations in both aquifers. However, regression models generated from 75% of the training datasets predicted total dissolved solid (TDS) variations with 78% and 43% accuracies in Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, indicating that Cl can be considered the proxy for the Chicot aquifer only but not suitable for the Evangeline aquifer in the study area.
Reflectance Transformation Imaging for the Recording of Incised Graffiti
Authors: Taylor Rachel Gill , Callaghan Michael , Kovacevich Brigitte , Cardona Caravantes Karla J. , Clarke Mary 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrecolumbian Maya graffiti is challenging to document because it is complex, multilayered, and difficult to see with the naked eye. In the Maya Lowlands, precolumbian graffiti occurs as etched palimpsests on parts of substructures such as stucco walls of residences, palaces, and temples that are frequently only accessible through dark and narrow tunnel excavations. Experienced iconographers or epigraphers with advanced drawing skills are the most qualified researchers to accurately record, analyze, and interpret precolumbian Maya graffiti. Because these scholars have a vast knowledge of conventions and styles from multiple time periods and sites, they are less likely to document the complex and seemingly chaotic incisions incorrectly. But as with many specialists in Maya archaeology, iconographers and epigraphers are not always available to collaborate in the field. This raises the question, how might an archaeologist without advanced training in iconography accurately record graffiti in subterranean excavations? Advances in digital applications of archaeological field recording have opened new avenues for documenting graffiti. One of these is Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), a method that uses a moving light source and photography in order to visualize, interact with, and analyze a three-dimensional object in a two-dimensional image. With practice, RTI images can easily be produced in the field and later shared with specialists for the purposes of analysis and interpretation. Performed on a series of 20 unique graffiti from the Maya archaeological site of Holtun (two examples are presented here), RTI shows promise as a viable technique for documenting and preserving graffiti as cultural heritage.
Individual social capital and expectations of career advancement
Authors: Rungo Paolo , Sánchez-Santos José Manuel , Pena-López Atilano 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article studies the association between the characteristics of individuals’ social networks and expectations of career advancement, including pay raises and job promotions. The literature has extensively documented the role of social capital as a determinant of labour market outcomes. However, the formation of expectations constitutes another critical path by which social ties may affect work through their influence on individual motivation and behaviour. This study attempts to explain the relationship between social capital and career-related expectations and empirically assesses these associations by employing data from a survey administered to a representative sample of the Spanish population. Our findings suggest that the ability to mobilise network resources is positively linked with both measures of career advancement. However, access to the upper class is only positively associated with expecting a pay rise. Additionally, for non-employed individuals, higher mobilisation is positively associated with the expectation of an increase in income.
Human trafficking and forced prostitution under article 4 of the European convention on human rights
Authors: Turanjanin Veljko , Stanisavljević Jelena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe discuss the issue of bringing human trafficking and forced prostitution within the purview of Article 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The judgment of the European Court of Human Rights in Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia marked a turning point by classifying forced prostitution through human trafficking under Article 4. However, in the judgment in S.M. v. Croatia, the ECtHR further reinforced its view that human trafficking and forced prostitution constitute a violation of Article 4.We explain human trafficking and forced prostitution both theoretically and through a number of international legal acts. We then explain Article 4 of the Convention and provide a comprehensive analysis of the material and procedural guarantees against human trafficking and forced prostitution. We also comment on the positive obligations that the ECtHR set for Member States. The authors believe that, despite numerous criticisms, the ECtHR’s position is correct and that both human trafficking and forced prostitution violate the principles of democratic society. Therefore, victims must enjoy the protection afforded by Article 4 of the Human Rights Convention and other conventions if their life situation falls within their scope.
Long-term interactive impacts of the invasive shrubLonicera maackiiand white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on a deciduous forest understory
Authors: Donoso Marco U. , Leonard Hanna , Gorchov David L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhite-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) (hereafter, ‘deer’) and invasive plants affect forest understories, but few studies have investigated their interaction. We investigated long-term (11-yr) effects of excluding deer and removing the invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle [Lonicera maackii(Rupr.) Herder], on plants in southwest Ohio. Deer exclusion enhanced tree seedling richness and density, but reduced annual and bare ground cover. Vine density was reduced byLonicera, especially where deer were excluded. Seedlings of several tree species, the invasive shrub, burning bush [Euonymus alatus(Thunb.) Siebold], and the invasive vine, winter creeper [Euonymous fortunei(Turcz.) Hand.-Maz.], were indicator species of the deer exclosure byLoniceraremoval treatment combination. The effect of deer on cover of native species depended onLoniceratreatment: where shrubs were removed, cover was higher where deer were excluded, but where shrubs were present, cover was higher where deer had access. We attribute these interactions to the reduced growth of, and shading by,Lonicerawhere deer had access and browsed this invasive shrub. Some of these effects were evident in the first 6 yr, but are now larger. Other effects were not evident in the earlier evaluation. These findings inform management of areas with high densities of deer and invasive shrubs palatable to deer. Control of only invasive shrubs will reduce native cover and not improve tree regeneration. Managing only deer will increase woody plants but reduce native cover. Management of both stressors is needed to promote tree regeneration and restoration of plant communities.
Survey and monitoring of ASKAP’s RFI environment and trends I: Flagging statistics
Authors: Lourenço L. , Chippendale A.P. , Indermuehle B. , Moss V.A. , Murphy Tara , Galvin T.J. , Hellbourg G. , Hotan A.W. , Lenc E. , Whiting M.T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present an initial analysis of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) flagging statistics from archived Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) observations for the ‘Survey and Monitoring of ASKAP’s RFI environment and Trends’ (SMART) project. SMART is a two-part observatoryled project combining analysis of archived observations with a dedicated, comprehensive RFI survey. The survey component covers ASKAP’s full 700–1 800 MHz frequency range, including bands not typically used due to severe RFI. Observations are underway to capture a detailed snapshot of the ASKAP RFI environment over representative 24 h periods. In addition to this dedicated survey, we routinely archive and analyse flagging statistics for all scientific observations to monitor the observatory’s RFI environment in near real-time. We use the telescope itself as a very sensitive RFI monitor and directly assess the fraction of scientific observations impacted by RFI. To this end, flag tables are now automatically ingested and aggregated as part of routine ASKAP operations for all science observations, as a function of frequency and time. The data presented in this paper come from processing all archived data for several ASKAP Survey Science Projects (SSPs). We found that the average amount of flagging due to RFI across the routinely used ‘clean’ continuum science bands is 3%. The ‘clean’ mid band from 1 293 to 1 437 MHz (excluding the 144 MHz below 1293 MHz impacted by radionavigation-satellites which is discarded before processing) is the least affected by RFI, followed by the ‘clean’ low band from 742 to 1 085 MHz. ASKAP SSPs lose most of their data to the mobile service in the low band, aeronautical service in the mid band and satellite navigation service in the 1 510–1 797 MHz high band. We also show that for some of these services, the percentage of discarded data has been increasing year-on-year. SMART provides a unique opportunity to study ASKAP’s changing RFI environment, including understanding and updating the default flagging behaviour, inferring the suitability of and calibrating RFI monitoring equipment, monitoring spectrum management compliance in the Australian Radio Quiet Zone – Western Australia (ARQZWA), and informing the implementation of a suite of RFI mitigation techniques.
A commensal Fast Radio Burst search pipeline for the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Sokolowski M. , Morrison I.S. , Price D. C. , Sleap G. , Crosse B. , Williams A. , Williams L. , James C. , Meyers B.W. , McSweeney S. , Bhat N.D.R. , Anderson G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a demonstration version of a commensal pipeline for Fast Radio Burst (FRB) searches using a real-time incoherent beam from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). The main science target of the pipeline are bright nearby FRBs from the local Universe (including Galactic FRBs like from SGR 1935+2154) which are the best candidates to probe FRB progenitors and understand physical mechanisms powering these extremely energetic events. Recent FRB detections by LOFAR (down to 110 MHz), the Green Bank Telescope (at 350 MHz), and Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) detections extending down to 400 MHz, prove that there is a population of FRBs that can be detected below 350 MHz. The new MWA beamformer, known as the ‘MWAX multibeam beamformer’, can form multiple incoherent and coherent beams (with different parameters) commensally to any ongoing MWA observations. One of the beams is currently used for FRB searches (tested in 10 kHz frequency resolution and time resolutions between 0.1 and 100 ms). A second beam (in 1 Hz and 1 s frequency and time resolutions, respectively) is used for the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project. This paper focuses on the FRB search pipeline and its verification on selected known bright pulsars. The pipeline uses the FREDDA implementation of the Fast Dispersion Measure Transform algorithm (FDMT) for single pulse searches. Initially, it was tested during standard MWA observations, and more recently using dedicated observations of a sample of 11 bright pulsars. The pulsar PSR J0835-4510 (Vela) has been routinely used as the primary probe of the data quality because its folded profile was always detected in the frequency band 200 – 230 MHz with typical signal-to-noise ratio$>$10, which agrees with the expectations. Similarly, the low dispersion measure pulsar PSR B0950+08 was always detected in folded profile in the frequency band 140–170 MHz and so far has been the only object for which single pulses were detected. We present the estimated sensitivity of the search in the currently limited observing bandwidth of a single MWA coarse channel (1.28 MHz) and for the upgraded, future system with 12.8 MHz (10 channels) of bandwidth. Based on expected sensitivity and existing FRB rate measurements, we project an FRB detection rate between a few and a few tens per year with large uncertainty due to unknown FRB rates at low frequencies.
Coup-proofing: latent concept and measurement
Authors: Jin Hwalmin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe study of coup-proofing holds significant importance in political science as it offers insights into critical topics such as military coups, authoritarian governance, and international conflicts. However, due to the multifaceted nature of coup-proofing and empirical inconsistencies with existing indicators, there is a need for a more profound understanding and a new measurement methodology. We propose a new measure of the extent of coup-proofing, utilizing a Bayesian item response theory. We estimate the extent of coup-proofing using a sample of 76 countries between 1965 and 2005 and theoretically relevant observed indicators. The findings from the estimation demonstrate that the extent of coup-proofing varies across regime type, country, and time. Furthermore, we verify the construct validity of our measurement.
HOMOLOGICAL LINEAR QUOTIENTS AND EDGE IDEALS OF GRAPHS
Authors: TAGHIPOUR NADIA , BAYATI SHAMILA , RAHMATI FARHAD 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is well known that the edge ideal
$I(G)$
of a simple graph G has linear quotients if and only if
$G^c$
is chordal. We investigate when the property of having linear quotients is inherited by homological shift ideals of an edge ideal. We will see that adding a cluster to the graph
$G^c$
when
$I(G)$
has homological linear quotients results in a graph with the same property. In particular,
$I(G)$
has homological linear quotients when
$G^c$
is a block graph. We also show that adding pinnacles to trees preserves the property of having homological linear quotients for the edge ideal of their complements. Furthermore,
$I(G)$
has homological linear quotients for every graph G such that
$G^c$
is a
$\lambda $
-minimal chordal graph.