bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and estimation of hydrological contributions in a mixed land‐use catchment based on a simple biogeochemical and hydro‐meteorological dataset
Authors: Grandjouan Olivier , Branger Flora , Masson Matthieu , Cournoyer Benoit , Coquery Marina 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWater pathways and water contamination in mixed land‐use catchments are complex to understand. Runoff‐generating sources can be numerous and water pathways modified by anthropogenic elements. Monitoring surveys considering geochemical and microbial parameters, are often carried out on such catchment, but are often simple in terms of studied parameters. Nonetheless, they can be helpful to identify the specific signatures of the main runoff‐generating sources and estimate their contribution to total runoff at the outlet of mixed land‐use catchments. Based on a monthly biogeochemical monitoring program conducted between 2017 and 2019 in the Ratier catchment (19.8 km2) near Lyon (France), a step‐by‐step approach was developed to: (1) identify the main runoff‐generating sources using a perceptual model of the Ratier catchment, (2) identify the respective biogeochemical signatures of each source using this biogeochemical dataset and hydro‐meteorological indicators and (3) estimate their contribution to the stream total runoff using an End‐Member Mixing Analysis method. We identified three main runoff‐generating sources outside of rainy periods: a colluvium aquifer, a fractured gneiss aquifer and a saprolite layer. The monitored geochemical datasets were found divided into three groups matching these sources. Contributions of these sources were estimated based on representative tracer concentrations. Microbial parameters showed a homogeneous agricultural and anthropogenic contamination among the catchment surface water, but also deeper into the fractured gneiss groundwater. This approach showed the potential of using simple monitoring datasets to identify runoff‐generating sources and estimate their contribution to total runoff.
The importance of explicitly representing the streambed in watershed models
Authors: Shuai Pin , Jiang Peishi , Coon Ethan T. , Chen Xingyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe streambed is the critical interface between the aquatic and terrestrial systems and hosts important biogeochemical hot spots within river corridors. Although the streambed characteristics are significantly different from those of its surrounding soil, the streambed itself has not been explicitly represented in watershed models. Here, we explicitly incorporated a streambed layer into an integrated hydrologic model through model parameterization and discretization. We examined the hydrological effects of streambed characteristics, including hydraulic conductivity (K), layer thickness, and resolution, on the exchange fluxes across the streambed as well as the streamflow at the watershed outlet. The numerical experiments were performed in the American River Watershed, a headwater, mountainous watershed within the Yakima River Basin in central Washington. Despite having a negligible effect on the watershed streamflow, an explicit representation of the streambed with distinctive properties dramatically changed the magnitude and variability of the exchange flux. In general, a larger streambed K along with a thicker streambed layer induced larger exchange fluxes. The exchange flux was most sensitive to the streambed resolution. A finer streambed resolution increased exchange fluxes per unit area while reducing the overall exchange volumes across the entire streambed. The amount of baseflow decreased by 6% as the streambed resolution increased from 250 to 50 m. This finding is important because these hydrological changes may, in turn, affect the exchange of nutrients and contaminants between surface water and groundwater and the associated biogeochemical processes. Our work demonstrated the importance of representing streambeds in fully distributed, process‐based watershed models to better capture the exchange flow dynamics in river corridors.
Hydrological simulation of ungauged basins via forcing by large‐scale hydrology models
Authors: Skoulikaris Charalampos , Piliouras Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe established watershed's hydrologic simulation process, involving the calibration and validation of a model through spatiotemporal streamflow observations, has recently been adapted to encompass ungauged watersheds. The research introduces a methodology for simulating ungauged hydrosystems, suggesting the calibration and validation of regional rainfall‐runoff models using large‐scale hydrological models (LSMs) in the absence of in situ streamflow measurements. For doing so, LSM's 30‐years simulated discharges at various basins and subbasins of the case study River Basin District are assessed for their accuracy against the limited available observations. Subsequently, the rectified time series tunes the optimal parametrization of a regional lumped hydrologic model that is triggered by precipitation and temperature data from a partially dense meteorological network. The validated regional model is then applied in selective ungauged neighbouring subbasins employing the regionalization concept used in LSMs, that is in basins with similar physiographic characteristics to those where the regional model was set up. The performance of the research is assessed using statistical metrics. In cases where observations are available, the results show very satisfactory indexes (e.g., coefficient of determination: 0.654 < R2 < 0.949, Kling‐Gupta efficiency: 0.759 < KGE <0.790, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency: 0.649 < NSE <0.745 for all the cases). In completely ungauged basins and in an order of magnitude index, the comparison of the simulated discharges with those from the LSM also indicates the satisfactory performance of the proposed approach. To sum up, the methodology underscores the alternate use of large and regional scale hydrological modelling coupling as an asset across various basin scales globally, offering reliable water quantity information.
Assessing patient burden and benefit: A decade of cabozantinib clinical trials
Authors: Hughes Griffin K. , Sajjadi Nicholas B. , Gardner Brooke , Ramoin Joshua K. , Tuia Jordan , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay , Vassar Matt 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDrug development is complex and costly. Clinical trial participants take on risks, making it essential to maximize trial efficiency and maintain participant safety. Identifying periods of excessive burden during drug development can inform trial design, ensure patient benefit and prevent harm. This study aims to examine all published clinical trials for cabozantinib to assess patient benefit and burden over time. We conducted a retrospective cross‐sectional review of interventional clinical trials of cabozantinib for solid cancer treatment. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov. We extracted adverse event rates, median progression‐free survival (PFS), median overall survival and objective response rate (ORR) for each included trial. We calculated frequencies of trial characteristics, cumulative grade 3–5 adverse event rates and cumulative ORRs. Out of 1735 studies, 54 publications were included that involved 6372 participants and 21 cancers. Of the 54 studies in our sample, 31 (57.41%) were single‐arm trials and 23 (42.60%) had negative results. Trials among and within various indications had conflicting results over time. Cumulative risk to participants increased over time, and clinical benefit decreased. The findings suggest that the risk profile of cabozantinib increased from 2011 to 2016 and has remained elevated but stable while benefit has decreased over time. The use of non‐randomized and single‐arm trials is concerning, and more methodologically rigorous trials are needed. The results of trials for different indications are inconsistent, and empirical administration may reduce the drug's efficacy.
Infectious pathogens and risk of esophageal, gastric and duodenal cancers and ulcers in China: A case‐cohort study
Authors: Kartsonaki Christiana , Yao Pang , Butt Julia , Jeske Rima , de Martel Catherine , Plummer Martyn , Sun Dianjianyi , Clark Sarah , Walters Robin G. , Chen Yiping , Lv Jun , Yu Canqing , Hill Michael , Peto Richard , Li Liming , Waterboer Tim , Chen Zhengming , Millwood Iona Y. , Yang Ling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfection by certain pathogens is associated with cancer development. We conducted a case‐cohort study of ~2500 incident cases of esophageal, gastric and duodenal cancer, and gastric and duodenal ulcer and a randomly selected subcohort of ~2000 individuals within the China Kadoorie Biobank study of >0.5 million adults. We used a bead‐based multiplex serology assay to measure antibodies against 19 pathogens (total 43 antigens) in baseline plasma samples. Associations between pathogens and antigen‐specific antibodies with risks of site‐specific cancers and ulcers were assessed using Cox regression fitted using the Prentice pseudo‐partial likelihood. Seroprevalence varied for different pathogens, from 0.7% for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) to 99.8% for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the subcohort. Compared to participants seronegative for the corresponding pathogen, Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was associated with a higher risk of non‐cardia (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.73 [95% CI: 2.09–3.58]) and cardia (1.67 [1.18–2.38]) gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer (2.71 [1.79–4.08]). HCV was associated with a higher risk of duodenal cancer (6.23 [1.52–25.62]) and Hepatitis B virus was associated with higher risk of duodenal ulcer (1.46 [1.04–2.05]). There were some associations of antibodies again some herpesviruses and human papillomaviruses with risks of gastrointestinal cancers and ulcers but these should be interpreted with caution. This first study of multiple pathogens with risk of gastrointestinal cancers and ulcers demonstrated that several pathogens are associated with risks of gastrointestinal cancers and ulcers. This will inform future investigations into the role of infection in the etiology of these diseases.
Study on diagnosing thyroid nodules of ACR TI‐RADS 4–5 with multimodal ultrasound radiomics technology
Authors: Wang Si‐Rui , Zhu Pei‐Shan , Li Jun , Chen Ming , Cao Chun‐Li , Shi Li‐Nan , Li Wen‐Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundExplore the feasibility of using the multimodal ultrasound (US) radiomics technology to diagnose American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI‐RADS) 4–5 thyroid nodules.MethodThis study prospectively collected the clinical characteristics, conventional, and US elastography images of 100 patients diagnosed with ACR TI‐RADS 4–5 nodules from May 2022 to 2023. Independent risk factors for malignant thyroid nodules were extracted and screened using methods such as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression (LR) model, and a multimodal US radiomics combined diagnostic model was established. Using a multifactorial LR analysis and a Rad‐score rating, the predictive performance was validated and evaluated, and the final threshold range was determined to assess the clinical net benefit of the model.ResultsIn the training set, the US radiomics combined predictive model area under curve (AUC = 0.928) had higher diagnostic performance compared with clinical characteristics (AUC = 0.779), conventional US (AUC = 0.794), and US elastography model (AUC = 0.852). In the validation set, the multimodal US radiomics combined diagnostic model (AUC = 0.829) also had higher diagnostic performance compared with clinical characteristics (AUC = 0.799), conventional US (AUC = 0.802), and US elastography model (AUC = 0.718).ConclusionMulti‐modal US radiomics technology can effectively diagnose thyroid nodules of ACR TI‐RADS 4–5, and the combination of radiomics signature and conventional US features can further improve the diagnostic performance.
Optimal linear‐Vizing relationships for (total) domination in graphs
Authors: Henning Michael A. , Horn Paul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA total dominating set in a graph is a set of vertices of such that every vertex is adjacent to a vertex of the set. The total domination number is the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set in . In this paper, we study the following open problem posed by Yeo. For each , find the smallest value, , such that every connected graph of order at least 3, of order , size , total domination number , and bounded maximum degree , satisfies . Henning showed that for all . Yeo significantly improved this result and showed that for all , and posed as an open problem to determine “whether grows proportionally with or or some completely different function.” In this paper, we determine the growth of , and show that is asymptotically and likewise determine the asymptotics of the analogous constant for standard domination.
Does Caplacizumab for the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura increase the risk of relapse, exacerbation, and bleeding? An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis based on revised criteria by the International Working Group for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Neupane Niraj , Thapa Sangharsha , Mahmoud Amir , Bhattarai Abhinav , KC Anil , Shikhrakar Shreeja , Gurusinghe Sayuri , Kuiodes Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and life‐threatening condition marked by abnormal blood clotting and organ damage. Caplacizumab is a potential treatment for the TTP management. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess Caplacizumab's effectiveness and safety in the TTP management. A comprehensive database search identified nine studies, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Primary outcomes included TTP exacerbation, relapse, and major bleeding. Major bleeding risk was evaluated using updated definitions recommended by the International TTP Working Group in 2021. Revised criteria proposed by the IWG for TTP recurrence were employed for a comprehensive assessment of Caplacizumab's impact on relapse and exacerbation. Analysis revealed Caplacizumab significantly reduced all‐cause mortality in TTP patients. Some studies raised concerns about bleeding risk, but overall, it did not significantly differ from standard treatment. Likewise, there was no significant difference in TTP relapse rates between Caplacizumab and standard care. This study supports Caplacizumab as a potential adjunct therapy for TTP. However, careful consideration of its advantages and risks is crucial in clinical practice. Further research is needed to address concerns related to adverse effects like bleeding risk and relapse rates associated with Caplacizumab in the TTP management. The findings emphasize the importance of weighing potential benefits and risks when considering Caplacizumab as an adjunct therapy for TTP.
Outpatient randomized controlled trials to reduce COVID‐19 hospitalization: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sullivan David J. , Focosi Daniele , Hanley Daniel F. , Cruciani Mario , Franchini Massimo , Ou Jiangda , Casadevall Arturo , Paneth Nigel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis COVID‐19 outpatient randomized controlled trials (RCTs) systematic review compares hospitalization outcomes amongst four treatment classes over pandemic period, geography, variants, and vaccine status. Outpatient RCTs with hospitalization endpoint were identified in Pubmed searches through May 2023, excluding RCTs <30 participants (PROSPERO‐CRD42022369181). Risk of bias was extracted from COVID‐19‐NMA, with odds ratio utilized for pooled comparison. Searches identified 281 studies with 61 published RCTs for 33 diverse interventions analyzed. RCTs were largely unvaccinated cohorts with at least one COVID‐19 hospitalization risk factor. Grouping by class, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (OR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.24−0.40]) had highest hospital reduction efficacy, followed by COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP) (OR = 0.69 [95% CI = 0.53−0.90]), small molecule antivirals (OR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.48−1.33]), and repurposed drugs (OR = 0.82 [95% CI: 0.72−0.93]). Earlier in disease onset interventions performed better than later. This meta‐analysis allows approximate head‐to‐head comparisons of diverse outpatient interventions. Omicron sublineages (XBB and BQ.1.1) are resistant to mAbs Despite trial heterogeneity, this pooled comparison by intervention class indicated oral antivirals are the preferred outpatient treatment where available, but intravenous interventions from convalescent plasma to remdesivir are also effective and necessary in constrained medical resource settings or for acute and chronic COVID‐19 in the immunocompromised.
The platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is a complementary prognostic factor to tumor markers in predicting early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Hosoda Kiyotaka , Umemura Kentaro , Shimizu Akira , Kubota Koji , Notake Tsuyoshi , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Sakai Hiroki , Hayashi Hikaru , Yasukawa Koya , Soejima Yuji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe usefulness of inflammation‐based prognostic scores for early recurrence (ER) after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma has rarely been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of inflammation‐based prognostic scores as predictors of ER and their relationship with tumor markers.MethodsWe enrolled 338 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2021. Clinicopathological factors were compared between patients who developed ER (ER group) and those who did not develop ER (non‐ER group). The association between inflammation‐based prognostic scores and ER status was evaluated. These scores were compared with those of well‐established tumor markers.ResultsThe platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) correlated with ER of hepatocellular carcinoma, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.70, sensitivity of 68.1%, and specificity of 67.7%. In patients with low tumor marker levels, the PLR showed a strong correlation with ER of hepatocellular carcinoma, with an AUC value of 0.851, sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 76.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed that the PLR was an independent prognostic factor for ER.ConclusionsThe PLR is useful and complementary to tumor markers for predicting ER after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Metal–Organic Framework‐Assisted Rational Design of Multicolor Solid‐State Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots and Its Application for LEDs
Authors: Li Jiurong , Zheng Shuyang , Zhang Shiwei , Gong Xiao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbon nanodots (CDs) are a new type of carbon‐based fluorescent nanomaterials, but they are limited in many applications due to the inherent fluorescence weakening and quenching problems suffered in solid state. Herein, ZIF‐8, a class of metal–organic framework (MOF) is employed as a matrix to immobilize fluorescent CDs, resulting in the strong luminescence of CDs achieved in solid state. The as‐synthesized CDs@ZIF‐8 fluorescent powders possess blue, green, and red emissions with the main emission at ≈495, 528, and 600 nm, and the corresponding photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are as high as 25.89%, 52.24%, and 15.42%, respectively. It is found that the encapsulation of ZIF‐8 with CDs will increase the excitation dependence of the product fluorescence, which may be attributed to the carrier effect of ZIF‐8 as a carrier of CDs and some surface defects or surface functional groups change of the CDs introduced by ZIF‐8. In addition, the encapsulation of CDs with ZIF‐8 may result in the charge transfer. Importantly, the prepared CDs@ZIF‐8 phosphors present a promising application in the fabrication of monochromatic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The synthesis design is expected to provide technical support for future solid‐state fluorescent CDs preparation and applications.
Corneal wound healing following infrared laser irradiation at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 μm
Authors: Zhou Congling , Yin Yixue , Wang Jiarui , Ren Ziqi , Jiao Luguang , Zhong Li , Yang Zaifu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the wound healing of rabbit cornea following infrared laser irradiations at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 μm.Materials and MethodsTwelve New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish a corneal injury model. The right and left eyes were irradiated with a neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser at the wavelength of 1.319 μm (140 J/cm2) for 0.7 s and a CO2 laser at the wavelength of 10.6 μm (5.94 J/cm2) for 0.14 s, respectively. The incident spot diameter was 3 mm. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to monitor injuries at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, 42 h, 48 h, 54 h, 60 h, 66 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure. Meanwhile, slit‐lamp microscopy and histopathology were performed at 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure.ResultsAfter the two types of infrared laser injuries, distinct white circular lesions on the corneal surface were directly observed. Deeper corneal injury, more severe edema, and faster migration of new epithelium were found for the wavelength of 1.319 μm, compared to the wavelength of 10.6 μm.ConclusionsOCT combined with histopathology and slit‐lamp microscopy can clearly observe the dynamic process of corneal wound healing after infrared laser irradiation. The damage characteristics for the two different wavelengths were visibly different, but the whole wound healing process was similar. The obtained results may provide references for the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of laser‐induced damages.
Factors associated with urinary incontinence among Hispanic/Latina women in the United States: Findings from The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Mason Matthew M. , Reis Isildinha M. , Gordon Ashley , Gellman Marc D. , Perreira Krista , Daviglus Martha , Garcia‐Bedoya Olga , Amin Katherine , Cordero Christina , Syan Raveen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPurposeTo identify factors associated with urinary incontinence (UI) in women of various Hispanic/Latina backgrounds.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter, community‐based cohort study which includes a health‐related questionnaire assessing presence and type of UI. Complex survey logistic regression analysis was used to assess the cross‐sectional association of Hispanic/Latina backgrounds and other factors of UI. All estimates accounted for HCHS/SOL survey design.ResultsOf 5027 women, 33.4% answered “yes” to UI. Rates of any UI ranged from approximately 21.9% to 40.3% in women of Dominican and Puerto‐Rican background, respectively. Any UI and UI subtypes were associated with age older than 65 years, increasing body mass index, smoking status, any alcohol use, parity ≥3, and postmenopausal status. After controlling for covariates and when compared with women of Mexican background, women of Dominican background were less likely to have any UI (OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.30–0.57), as were women of Cuban (OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.37–0.62), Puerto‐Rican (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.0), and mixed (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.39–0.99) background; and women of every other background except for South American were less likely to have stress UI. In addition, women of Cuban (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.32–0.86) and mixed (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.87) background were less likely to have urge UI than women of Mexican background.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates differences in UI by Hispanic/Latina background, suggesting collective designation of Hispanics/Latinas as a single ethnic group does not adequately describe UI among this diverse group.