bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection: Immunohistological and scanning and transmission electron microscopical studies
Authors: Ville A. Basker , Dowsett A. B. , Cook R. W. , Dennis M. J. , Cranage M. P. , Greenaway P. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in 6 of 17 rhesus monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus and was studied by immunohistochemistry and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A monoclonal antibody/streptavidin‐biotin‐peroxidase staining method was highly sensitive for detecting the organisms in small, early lesions and was much more sensitive and specific than traditional silver impregnation methods. Reprocessing of paraffin wax‐embedded lung tissue for scanning electron microscopy and use of a video printer to produce a photographic montage of light microscopic lesions allowed the same areas of tissue to be examined and compared by both methods. The ultrastructural morphology of P. carinii in the rhesus monkey was identical to that in man, as were the histological and electron microscopic lesions, including pulmonary fibrosis. Trophozoites were seen attached to alveolar type I epithelium mainiy by intimate apposition to the plasma membrane, but scanning electron microscopy also showed attachement by elongated filopodia. Few macrophages were present in infected alveoli, and though phagocytosis followed by digestion of P. carinii trophozoites was observed, it appeared to occur at a very low level.
The topographical and age distributions of neuroendocrine cells in the normal human appendix
Authors: Shaw Paul A. V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn order to clarify the histogenesis of appendiceal carcinoid tumours, epithelial (ENC) and subepithelial (SNC) neuroendocrine cells were counted at four sites in 50 normal appendices stained by standard argyrophil and argentaffin techniques. In general, ENC were present in similar number at all sites within the appendix, whereas SNC were more numerous at the tip than at the base. The number of ENC was similar throughout life, apart from an increase in one neonate and some elderly patients, whereas SNC were maximal in young adults. Thus, the topographical and age distributions of SNC, but not those of ENC, parallels the topographical and age incidence of appendiceal carcinoid tamours, suggesting that most appendiceal carcinoid tumours arise from SNC rather than ENC.
Image analysis quantification of peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the skin of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis
Authors: Terenghi Giorgio , Bunker Christopher B. , Liu Yu‐Fei , Springall David R. , Cowen Tim , Dowd Pauline M. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractImage analysis quantification was used to assess the results of immunocytochemistry for a neuronal marker and neuropeptides in digital skin biopsies from Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and systemic sclerosis (SS) patients, to verify the possibility of a selective quantitative abnormality of immunoreactive nerves. The field area of specific immunostaining and nerve counts were evaluated on coded specimens, and the data compared by statistical analysis. Nerves immunoreactive for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP), a marker for neuronal elements, were decreased significantly in epidermal and subepidermal layers of digital skin in RP patients (P < 0.0001). This change was paralleled by a decrease of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive nerves in the epidermis and around capillaries in the dermal papillae (P=0.005). In the skin of RP patients, these changes were readily demonstrated by image analysis, although they were not always apparent on visual screening. In digital skin of SS patients, there was a generalized and very significant decrease of PGP, CGRP, and VIP immunoreactivities in all areas (P<0.0001). These results demonstrate that neuropeptide‐containing nerves are involved in the digital pathology of RP and SS, and that image analysis quantification is an accurate and sensitive method for assessing morphological changes in pathological samples.
Necrotizing myopathy in critically‐ill patients
Authors: Helliwell Timothy R. , Coakley John H. , Wagenmakers Anton J. M. , Griffiths Richard D. , Campbell Iain T. , Green Ceri J. , McClelland Peter , Bone John M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSkeletal muscle wasting is commonly observed in critically‐ill patients and has been attributed to catabolic fibre atrophy and to neuropathy. This study describes the occurrence of a necrotizing myopathy in 15 out of 31 critically‐ill patients who had percutaneous biopsies taken from the tibialis anterior muscles. While most cases showed necrosis of isolated fibres, 5 of the 12 patients who had serial biopsies showed progressive necrosis of up to 95 per cent of the fibres. One other case showed infarction and one case had staphylococcal vasculitis. Atrophy of type 1 and/or type 2 fibres was documented by morphometry in 12 cases. Myoglobin‐containing casts were demonstrated immunohistochemically in renal tubules on either biopsy or necropsy material in 5 out of 7 cases.The presence of muscle necrosis was a clinically unexpected finding which may contribute to weakness, complicate the interpretation of tissue biochemistry and energy balance studies, and potentiate renal failure. The necrosis is probably multifactorial in origin, with ischaemia and sepsis contributing factors.
Infantile desmoid‐type fibromatosis. Morphological features correlate with biological behaviour
Authors: Schmidt Dietmar , Klinge Petra , Leuschner Ivo , Harms Dieter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt is generally agreed that the biological behaviour of infantile desmoid‐type fibromatosis is unpredictable in terms of the likelihood of local recurrence. We evaluated the prognostic importance of the number of slit‐like blood vessels with a mean diameter of less than 20 μm and of the quantity of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. In addition, we studied the immunophenotypic characteristics of the proliferating cells and their nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) numbers and distribution. Statistical analysis showed that the tendency to recur locally was correlated with larger numbers of slit‐like blood vessels and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. The proliferating cells were identified by immunohistochemistry as myofibroblasts. No correlation was found between AgNOR numbers and clinical course of the disease. We conclude that histological features easily evaluated by conventional light microscopy provide useful information on the possible course of infantile desmold type fibromatosis.
Dermatopathology
Authors: Slater D. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent advances in dermatopathology such as epidermal cytokines, adhesion molecules, DNA analysis, and the application of the polymerase chain reaction are of undoubted scientific importance. However, most laboratories have limited access to these techniques and in many instances the diagnostic role in skin disease remains uncertain. Accordingly, the summaries have been selected because of their diagnostic relevance to general histopathologists reporting dermatopathology. They have been chosen from journals not usually perused by general histopathologists, and cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders have been purposely omitted in view of recent personal coverage (Slater DN. J Pathol 1987; 153: 5–19; J Pathol 1990; 162: 1–4; Br J Dermatol 1991; 124: 309–323).
Variations in the occurrence of silver‐staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in non‐proliferating and proliferating tissues
Authors: Leek Russell D. , Alison Malcolm R. , Sarraf Catherine E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies on the subject of silver‐staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) as indicators of precise proliferative status of tissues have sometimes resulted in ambiguity. The studies, however, have most frequently addressed themselves to the prognosis of neoplasias, with the aim of using AgNORs principally to distinguish between benign and malignant tumours. This investigation was to determine a base‐line relationship of AgNOR clusters to proliferation and thus concentrated on normally proliferative tissues and conditionally renewing tissues after appropriate stimulation. Two murine transplantable tumours were also examined as examples of frank malignancy. As an example of the former, variations in AgNOR clusters were noted in the small intestine of man, mouse, and rat. The conditionally renewing systems of liver, prostate, and salivary glands were stimulated into proliferation by two‐thirds partial hepatectomy, castration followed by treatment with testosterone, and isoproterenol treatment, respectively, in rat models; the murine sarccma SaF and carclnoma CaNT provided relatively simple malignant tumours for AgNOR investigation. Proliferation was monitored by noting labelling indices after injection with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) in vivo followed by immunocytochemical visualization of S‐phase cells. In all tissues, an increase in the size of AgNOR clusters rather than their number correlated positively with elevated labelling, particularly with the emergence of silver‐staining regions of 2–3 μm visible diameter. Thus, increased AgNOR cluster size (diameter) as representative of AgNOR cluster/nucleolus volume was found to be dependent on proliferative activity in a range of normal and neoplastic tissues.
Re‐evaluating silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in problematic cutaneous melanocytic lesions: A study with quantitation and pattern analysis
Authors: Evans A. T. , Orrell J. M. , Grant A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPrevious studies enumerating AgNORs in cutaneous melanocytic lesions have produced inconsistent results. It is probable that such inconsistencies arise from differences in fixation, staining technique, and counting strategies. Our group, having demonstrated an improved method of silver staining and having optimized counting, is now able to reconsider the role of AgNORs in evaluating borderline melanocytic lesions. Diagnostic problems similar to those encountered in routine practice have been examined. It is shown that only by counting intra‐ and extranucleolar AgNORs in combination with assessing the pattern of AgNOR dispersal is it possible to (1) discriminate dysplastic naevi from melanoma and (2) distinguish Spitz naevi and pigmented spindle cell naevi from melanoma. An analysis of AgNOR numbers alone results in considerable overlap between the groups studied. The value of assessing patterns of AgNOR dispersal within and outside clustered nucleolar structures is emphasized.Lesions labelled as minimal deviation melanoma (by experts in dermatopathology) were also investigated. The majority of these specimens form a distinct group lying apart from control naevi and melanomas. This finding, whilst of interest, is difficult to evaluate because of poorly defined diagnostic criteria.
Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens. Comparison of culture, modified Giemsa stain, and immunohistochemistry. A retrospective study
Authors: Loffeld R. J. L. F. , Stobberingh E. , Flendrig J. A. , Arends J. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAntral biopsy specimens of 302 different endoscopic Investigations of 200 patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia were studied for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in order to determine the most sensitive detection method. Part of the biopsy was cultured, and part stained using a modification of the Giemsa stain, and with an immunoperoxidase technique using a polyclonal rabbit anti‐H. pylori antiserum. Cross‐reactivity of this antiserum with other Campylobacter species was minimal.Material from 244 investigations was studied using all three detection methods. Culture was positive in 44 per cent, Giemsa in 78 per cent, and immunoperoxidase in 89 per cent of these biopsy specimens. Only five positive Giemsa stains with negative immunoperoxidase stain were found, whereas in 32 cases a negative Giemsa stain with a positive immunoperoxidase stain was seen. In the latter cases, the bacterial load was very low. The specimens revealed bacteria only sporadically, always confined to the deep layers of the gastric pits. Culture results correlated significantly with the bacterial load observed in the Giemsa stain. It is concluded that culture of H. pylori is the least sensitive detection method, whereas immunoperoxidase staining is the most sensitive. For daily practice the modified Giemsa stain, however, appears to be sufficient to diagnose the presence of the micro‐organism.
Immunocytochemical characterization of large granular lymphocytes in normal cervix and HPV associated disease
Authors: McKenzie Jolenta , King Ashley , Hare John , Fulford Tony , Wilson Beverley , Stanley Margaret 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA quantitative immunocytochemical study of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in the normal cervix and in human papillomavirus (HPV) associated disease was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies which included those for LGL surface markers CD56, CD16, and CD57. Only CD56‐positive cells were found within the ectocervical epithelium and these cells increased in number in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in comparison with normal cervix. Examination of serial sections and double labelling suggests that these cells are CD3+, CD8+, CD56+, CD16+. The observed increase in number of this subset was not associated specifically with HPV infection but was related to CIN. Lymphocytes expressing all three LGL markers were found in the stroma and CD16+‐positive cells clustered around endocervical glands with occasional cells extending into the endocervical epithelium. These results indicate that a small subset of LGLs which express T‐cell markers is increased in number in CIN. Cells expressing classical NK markers are restricted to the stroma and are not found within the ectocervical epithelium.
Recovery from hepatic necrosis following acute portal vein embolism with special reference to reconstruction of occluded vessels
Authors: Shibayama Yuro , Hashimoto Kazuaki , Nakata Katsuji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe examined the morphological and haemodynamic changes in the livers of rats following acute obstruction of portal vein branches by the injection of agar into the portal vein. Histological and angiographic examinations of the liver were performed after measurements of portal vein pressure in vivo and portal vascular resistance by an isolated liver perfusion method. Portal vein embolism induced hepatic necrosis in the centrilobular and midzonal areas, which was rapidly resorbed and replaced by regenerated liver cells leaving no trace. This recovery from hepatic necrosis was closely related to recanalization of obstructed portal vein branches, which led to falls in both the elevated portal vein pressure and the increased portal vascular resistance following embolization.
Alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin is increased in human alveolar macrophages by phorbol myristate acetate or lipopolysaccharide and released from these activated macrophages by glucocorticoid
Authors: Nagareda Tomofumi , Takeda Masashi , Kojima Kayo , Tanaka Akira , Terada Nobuyuki , Yamasaki Tomoyosi , Nagareda Teako , Ueno Hirosi , Kotoh Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlveolar macrophages were obtained from 23 patients and the effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), lipopoly‐saccharide (LPS), and dexamethasone (DEX) on the proportion of cells with intracellular alpha‐1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), and concentrations of ACT in the culture medium were studied in vitro. The alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage at autopsy or from resected lungs at operation and were cultured in suspension for 3 days in medium containing PMA, LPS, DEX, PMA + DEX, or LPS + DEX. Both PMA and LPS significantly increased the percentage of macrophages with intracellular ACT. Dexamethasome did not increase the number of ACT‐positive cells and significantly suppressed the increase induced by PMA or LPS, releasing ACT into the culture medium. The release of ACT from macrophages may contribute to anti‐inflammatory effects of corticoids.
Video image analysis of AgNOR distribution in the normal and adenomatous colorectum
Authors: Weeks Sandy C. , Beroukas Dimitra , Jarvis Lynn R. , Whitehead Richard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been studied by video image analysis in the normal colorectum and in adenomas arising there. Total AgNOR area was measured in conjunction with the total area of nuclei and expressed as a ratio. AgNORs are found to predominate in the proliferative regions of the normal mucosal crypt, and the ratio of AgNOR to nuclear area proved significantly greater in the normal colon than in the rectum and far greater in colorectal adenomas. Further, there is a significant difference between the ration in tubular as opposed to villous patterns of adenomatous growth in the colon but not in the rectum. When classified according to their degree of dysplasia, adenomas in the rectum exhibit a significantly higher ratio of AgNOR to nuclear area as the degree of dysplasia increases in severity. This correlation is not shown in the colon.
Nucleolar organizer regions in benign and malignant glandular lesions of the cervix
Authors: Allen J. P. , Gallimore A. P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe argyrophil technique for nucleolar organizer regions was applied to cases of normal cervix (n = 6), microglandular hyperplasia (n = 6), adenocarcinoma in situ (n = 15), and invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix (n = 19). A rigorous staining technique was employed which facilitated the enumeration of individual AgNORs even when they were aggregated as tight clusters within the nucleolus (AgNUs). Two methods of counting AgNORs were used: a simple enumeration of dispersed AgNORs and AgNUs, and the more time‐consuming counting of all individual AgNORs, including those within AgNUs. With both techniques, there was no significant difference in counts between in situ and invasive adenocarcinoma, but cases of microglandular hyperplasia showed significantly fewer AgNORs than either of these. This suggests that AgNORs may be useful in differentiating difficult cases of microglandular hyperplasia from adenocarcinoma and that the simplified counting technique is adequate for this purpose. AgNOR counts are of no use in discriminating between invasive and in situ adenocarcinoma.
Comparative study of the prognostic value of nuclear grade and silver‐binding nucleolar organizer region in renal cell carcinomas
Authors: Yang An Hang , Wang Tao Yeuan , Liu Hung Chang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSilver‐binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and nuclear grade were histologically assessed in 112 renal cell carcinomas. Nuclear grade was better capable of stratification than AgNOR in terms of survival prediction. It also had prognostic significance when total metastatic rates were evaluated. Although higher mean AgNOR numbers were constantly associated with higher nuclear grades, two arbitrary classifications of AgNOR (<1.5, 1.5–3.5, >3.5; <2, 2–3, >3) failed to resolve the survival difference.
Lymphocytes in pseudomembranes of late prosthetic joint failure
Authors: Salter D. M. , Krajewski A. S. , Robertson S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe pseudomembrane formed in association with late aseptic prosthesis failure contains a mixed giant cell and histiocytic infiltrate with variable numbers of lymphocytes. Immunolabelling with a panel of antibodies on paraffin sections was undertaken to define the nature of the lymphoid infiltrate in 19 cases. In all cases, the predominant lymphoid cell was a memory (CD45RO +, CD45RA‐) T‐cell. B‐cells were rare. Tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) contained greater numbers of T‐cells when compared with patients with osteoarthritis (OA), suggesting that the intensity of the lymphoid infiltrates reflects the underlying joint disease rather than necessarily being part of a hypersensitivity response to wear debris.
An immunohistological study of cartilage and synovium in primary synovial chondromatosis
Authors: Apte Suneel S. , Athanasou N. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe antigenic phenotype of cartilage and synovial cells from six cases of primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) was determined. This was compared with profiles similarly obtained for adult and fetal cartilage cells. The Ki‐67 (proliferation‐associated) antigen was present on 40–50 per cent of chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of fetal epiphyseal cartilage but absent in chondrocytes of adult articular cartilage and PSC cartilage nodules. The absence of Ki‐67 antigen suggests that there were no proliferating cells in the synovium or cartilage in these cases of PSC. In PSC alone, some chondrocytes in the cartilage nodules and mononuclear subintimal cells around the nodules also reacted for CD68, suggesting that growth of the cartilage nodules may occur by a metaplastic process. All synoviocytes in PSC were positive for leucocyte common antigen, HLA‐DR, and CD68, a pattern typical of reactive rather than normal synovium.
Tissue‐type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor in human glomerulonephritis
Authors: Aya Naofumi , Yoshioka Kazuo , Murakami Katsumi , Hino Satoshi , Okada Kiyotaka , Matsuo Osamu , Maki Sunao 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe carried out an immunohistochemical study of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (PA) and urokinase‐type PA, and their inhibitors, PA inhibitor‐1 and PA inhibitor‐2, using renal biopsy specimens obtained from 86 patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis. The controls were four normal renal tissue specimens.On immunofluorescent observation, granular staining for tissue‐type PA was found to be distributed along the glomerular capillary walls. The fluorescence was weak in the normal renal tissue and occasionally intense in the tissues of patients with IgA nephritis, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and lupus nephritis. PA inhibitor‐1 was abundant in the glomerular epithelial cells and scarce in the mesangial area and glomerular capillary lumens of the normal renal tissues. This was confirmed by immunoelectron micrscopy using gold staining. The fluorescence of PA inhibitor‐1 was weaker in some specimens of nephritic tissues than in the normal renal tissues. Urokinase‐type PA and PA inhibitor‐2 were negative within the glomeruli in all the specimens. In the glomerulonephritic tissues which were fibrin deposition‐positive, tissue‐type PA expression in the glomeruli tended to be strong. An association between fibrin deposition and PA inhibitor‐1 staining was not clear. These data suggest that expression of tissue‐type PA in the glomeruli increases in association with fibrin deposition.
Image analysis in the discrimination of verrucous carcinoma and squamous papilloma
Authors: Cooper John R. , Hellquist Henrik B. , Michaels Leslie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVerrucous carcinoma is a differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma and may present diagnostic difficulties as it may be erroneously diagnosed as squamous papilloma. In this study, the sizes of the intermediate cells in thes two conditions were measured by means of morphometric analysis. Biopsies from 28 patients with verrucous carcinoma, 25 patients with squamous papilloma, and ten squamous cell carcinomas were analysed. A significant difference was shown (P < 0.001) by an uncorrelated t‐test between verrucous carcinoma and squamous papilloma. The former had a mean cell area of 373 μm2 and the latter 184 μm2. Squamous cell carcinomas differed from the other two neoplasms by thier large range of cell areas both within and between cases. Thus, image analysis can be of diagnostic help in cases where no firm initial histopathological diagnosis can be obtained. The diagnosis should be made on morphological grounds, but a mean cell area greater than 300 μm2 supports a diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma whereas an area less than 250 μm2 supports a diagnosis of squamous papilloma.