bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education intervention for food insecure patients with type 2 diabetes: a convergent mixed methods study
Authors: Short Eliza , Thompson Debbe , Taren Douglas , Bryant Holly , Gonzalez Rhonda , Sheava Jessi , Hingle Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:To assess the feasibility of a food-based diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) intervention delivered to persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and food insecurity.Design:This single arm pre-/post convergent mixed methods study tested the feasibility of a 3-month intervention using food boxes, recipes, DSMES and dietitian visits. Feasibility benchmarks assessed were acceptability (> 50 % participants satisfied), demand (> 50 % used program components) and implementation (75 % adherence, 80 % retention). Assessments included: self-reported food security, health-related quality of life, diabetes self-efficacy, socio-demographic and dietary intake, height, weight, and HbA1c and one in-depth interview with participants and key staff. Enrollment, recruitment and retention rates were summarised; qualitative data were analysed using structured thematic analysis (participant interviews) and key point summaries (staff interviews). Quantitative/qualitative data integration was conducted using a joint display.Setting:Food bank and Federally Qualified Health Center in the Southwestern U.S.Participants:English- or Spanish-speaking adults with T2DM and food insecurity.Results:In total, 247 patients with T2DM and food insecurity were recruited, seventy-one expressed interest and twenty-five consented. Twenty-one participants completed study measurements. 71 % (n 15) received six home food deliveries and ≥ 1 dietitian visit. A priori benchmarks were approached or met within each feasibility criterion – most participants found the intervention to be acceptable, used most or all intervention components, and reported some challenges within intervention implementation (e.g. timing of food deliveries). Data integration provided deeper understanding of reported intervention implementation challenges, yet high adherence to the intervention.Conclusions:The intervention was feasible. Next steps include a clinical trial to establish intervention efficacy.
Image refinement and estimations of radiation formation heights with the Deep Solar ALMA Neural Network Estimator
Authors: Eklund Henrik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe signatures of small-scale features in the solar atmosphere are severely degraded by limited angular resolution of the observations. The Deep Solar ALMA Neural Network Estimator (Deep-SANNE) is trained towards synthetic observables from 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations to recognize the small-scale dynamic features in data at limited observational resolution, and provide maps of correction factors across the field of view. The correction factors can be used to acquire deconvolved refined images with significantly improved brightness temperature contrasts, where the strength of brightening events are reproduced to an accuracy of 94.0% instead of the 43.7% at observational resolution. Deep-SANNE can also provide masks of the most probable locations with large accuracies, and estimations on the radiation formation heights in connection to the small-scale features. The Deep-SANNE refined images and estimations of radiation formation heights allow for larger accuracy and meaningful analysis of solar ALMA data.
Origin of extreme solar eruptive activity from the active region NOAA 12673 and the largest flare of solar cycle 24
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan , Mitra Prabir K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring 2017, when the Sun was moving toward the minimum phase of solar cycle 24, an exceptionally eruptive active region (AR) NOAA 12673 emerged on the Sun during August 28-September 10. During the highest activity level, the AR turned into a δ-type sunspot region, which manifests the most complex configuration of magnetic fields from the photosphere to the coronal heights. The AR 12673 produced four X-class and 27 M-class flares, along with numerous C-class flares, making it one of the most powerful ARs of solar cycle 24. Notably, it produced the largest flare of solar cycle 24, namely, the X9.3 event on 2017 September 6. In this work, we highlight the results of our comprehensive analysis involving multi-wavelength imaging and coronal magnetic field modeling to understand the evolution and eruptivity from AR 12673. We especially focus on the morphological, spectral and kinematical evolution of the two X-class flares on 6 September 2017. We explore various large- and small-scale magnetic field structures of the active region which are associated with the triggering and subsequent outbursts during the powerful solar transients.
Solar Physics in the 2020s: DKIST, Parker Solar Probe, and Solar Orbiter as a Multi-Messenger Constellation
Authors: Martinez Pillet V. , Cauzzi G. , Tritschler A. , Harra L. , Andretta V. , Vourlidas A. , Raouafi N. , Alterman B. L. , Bellot Rubio L. , Cranmer S. R. , Gibson S. , De Groof A. , Ko Y.-K. , Lepri S. T. , Linker J. , Malaspina D. M. , Matthews S. , Müller D. , Parenti S. , Petrie G. , Spadaro D. , Ugarte-Urra I. , Warren H. , Zouganelis I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe National Science Foundation (NSF) Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) has started operations at the summit of Haleakalā (Hawai’i). DKIST joins the nominal science phases of the NASA and ESA Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter encounter missions. By combining in-situ measurements of the near-Sun plasma environment and detailed remote observations of multiple layers of the Sun, the three observatories form an unprecedented multi-messenger constellation to study the magnetic connectivity in the solar system. This work outlines the synergistic science that this multi-messenger suite enables.
The relationship between timing of onset of menarche and depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood
Authors: Prince C. , Joinson C. , Kwong A. S. F. , Fraser A. , Heron J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Girls who experience an earlier onset of menarche than their peers are at increased risk of depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence, but it is unclear if this association persists into adulthood. This study examines whether longitudinal patterns of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood vary according to timing of menarche.

Methods
About 4,864 female participants in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children provided data on age at onset of menarche (assessed in repeated questionnaires from 8 to 17 years) and depressive symptoms across nine time points (13 to 26 years) using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. We compared patterns of depressive symptoms in girls with ‘early’ (<11.5 years), ‘normative’ (11.5 to 13.5 years) and ‘late’ (≥13.5 years) menarche using a linear spline multilevel growth curve model adjusted for indicators of socioeconomic position, father absence and body mass index.

Results
Early, compared with normative, menarche was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at age 14 (imputed adjusted estimated difference = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.44, 1.45), but the association attenuated at 24 years (0.24 [−0.72, 1.19]). Late menarche, compared with normative, was associated with a lower level of depressive symptoms at age 14 (−0.69 [−1.10, −0.29]), but this association also attenuated at 24 years (−0.15 [−0.92, 0.62]).

Conclusions
This study did not find a persistent effect of early menarche, compared to normative, on depressive symptoms. However, our findings are consistent with the level of depressive symptoms increasing at the onset of menarche irrespective of timing. The late onset girls ‘catch up’ with their peers who experience menarche earlier in terms of depressive symptoms. Future studies should continue to assess the impact of timing of menarche further into adulthood.
Neurocognitive Impairment in Non-Central Nervous System Cancer Survivors
Authors: Schoenberg Poppy L. A. , Mohr Emily M. , Kilpatrick Phyllis E. , Murphy Barbara A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract: Cancer and its treatments entail a profound inflammatory response of the central nervous system (CNS). This intense neurotoxic process can lead to significant neurocognitive impairment even in non-CNS cancers. Few studies have examined this domain, and data available is based on limited designs using neuropsychological assessments comprising self-report or traditional testing batteries that capture basic response data. Here, we leverage cognitive electrophysiology, specifically Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), to examine and delineate neurocognitive impairments in non-CNS cancer survivors. Eleven survivors, who were on average 4.6 years in remission from head and neck cancer and 10 matched healthy controls underwent standardized cognitive and emotional “Go-Nogo” paradigms concomitant to EEG recording. Significant differences in amplitude morphology in the very early ERP components (C1, N1, P1) and middle ERP component (N2), were apparent between non-CNS cancer survivors and controls. Later ERP components (P3, N4) did not show amplitude differences. Non-CNS cancer survivors yielded faster latencies in the early components for pain-related stimuli during the emotional paradigm, albeit tended to yield slower ERP latencies overall across both experiments. These findings suggest that early gating and inhibitory control are dysregulated in non-CNS cancer survivors, which can impact executive functioning and cognitive processing involved in everyday activities for many years post-treatment. The findings do not fully align with ERP morphologies associated with neurocognitive impairment in degenerative conditions (such as dementia and Alzheimer’s disease), affecting later-stage ERP components. Our initial results suggest that (1) cognitive impairments in cancer survivors do not follow a degenerative trajectory, (2) rather are in line with “lesion” related damage (such as stroke, epilepsy), and as such, (3) have the potential for treatments involving neurocognitive plasticity.
Novel High‐Pressure Potassium Chloride Monohydrate and Its Implications for Water‐Rich Planetary Bodies
Authors: Wei Xinmiao , Zhou Qiang , Li Fangfei , Zhang Caizi , Sun Fuxing , Zhang Zihan , Li Ruiyu , Yu Hongyu , Yan Yalan , Li Liang , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Speziale Sergio , Li Xinyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSaline water is a common fluid on the Earth‘s surface and in ice planets. Potassium chloride (KCl) is a common salt and is expected to be a ubiquitous solute in salt water in the Universe; however, few studies investigated the behavior of KCl‐H2O system at high pressures and temperatures. In this study, powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD), Raman and Brillouin scattering combined with diamond anvil cells were used to investigate the phase relation in the KCl‐H2O system for different KCl concentrations at 0–4 GPa and 298–405 K. The results of powder X‐ray diffraction and Raman scattering demonstrate that a novel KCl hydrate is formed when KCl aqueous solutions transform to solid ice‐VI and ice‐VII at high pressure. Simultaneously, the single‐crystal of KCl hydrate is synthesized from a supersaturated KCl solution at 298 K and 1.8 GPa. The structure is solved by SC‐XRD, indicating a KCl monohydrate with the P21/n space group is formed. We have verified the phase stability of KCl monohydrate by using Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory. Our results indicate that KCl monohydrate is a stable phase under pressure and temperature conditions between 1.6 and 2.4 GPa and 298–359 K. By considering the thermal profile and composition of icy moons, we hypothesize that the formation and decomposition of KCl monohydrate might induce mantle convection in these moons.
Uncertain Spatial Pattern of Future Land Use and Land Cover Change and Its Impacts on Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Over the Arctic–Boreal Region of North America
Authors: Luo Meng , Li Fa , Hao Dalei , Zhu Qing , Dashti Hamid , Chen Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLand use and land cover change (LULCC) represents a key process of human‐Earth system interaction and has profound impacts on terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling. As a key input for ecosystem models, future gridded LULCC data is typically spatially downscaled from regional LULCC projections by integrated assessment models, such as the Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM). The uncertainty associated with the different spatial downscaling methods and its impacts on the subsequent model projections have been historically ignored and rarely examined. This study investigated this problem using two representative spatial downscaling methods and focused on their impacts on the carbon cycle over the Arctic‐Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) domain, where extensive LULCC is expected. Specifically, we used the Future Land Use Simulation model (FLUS) and the Demeter model to generate 0.25° gridded LULCC data (i.e., LULCCFLUS and LULCCDemeter, respectively) with the same input of regional LULCC projections from GCAM, under both the low (i.e., SSP126) and high (i.e., SSP585) greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The two sets of downscaled LULCC were used to drive the Community Land Model version 5 and prognostically simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle dynamics over the 21st century. The results suggest large spatial‐temporal differences between LULCCFLUS and LULCCDemeter, and the spatial distributions of the needleleaf evergreen boreal tree, broadleaf deciduous boreal tree, broadleaf deciduous boreal shrub, and C3 arctic grass are particularly different under both SSP126 and SSP585. Additionally, the spatiotemporal differences are larger under SSP126 than SSP585, due to more intensive LULCC under SSP126 than SSP585 from GCAM projection. The differences in LULCC further lead to large discrepancies in the spatial patterns of projected gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange, which represent more than 79% of the contributions of future LULCC in 2100. Additionally, the difference in carbon flux under SSP126 is generally larger than those under SSP585. This study highlights the importance of considering the uncertainties induced by the spatial downscaling process in future LULCC projections and carbon cycle simulations.
Upper Plate Faults May Contribute to the Paleoseismic Subsidence Record Along the Central Hikurangi Subduction Zone, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Delano J. E. , Howell A. , Clark K. J. , Stahl T. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEarthquake‐driven subsidence can cause cascading hazards at the coast by exacerbating relative sea level rise, storm surges, tsunami, and tidal flooding. At Ahuriri Lagoon near Napier, Aotearoa New Zealand, paleoseismic uplift and subsidence are typically attributed to upper plate faults and subduction interface earthquakes, respectively. We test this assumption with elastic dislocation models of upper plate and subduction interface earthquakes informed by historical events, seismic surveys, and modern interface coupling data. We compared our surface deformation results to paleoseismic records preserved at Ahuriri Lagoon, which includes eight rapid subsidence (c. 0.5–1.2 m) and two rapid uplift events over the last c. 7 kyr. Our models demonstrate that offshore upper plate faults could cause subsidence of c. 0.5–1 m at Ahuriri Lagoon at recurrence intervals of c. 2 kyr. A range of subduction interface earthquakes can also produce subsidence at Ahuriri Lagoon, and may explain larger (>1 m) subsidence, but must rupture the currently creeping (i.e., aseismic) portions of the interface. We demonstrate that both upper plate fault and subduction interface earthquakes may have contributed to the Ahuriri Lagoon records, and that interface coupling may be more spatially or temporally heterogeneous than modern geodetic data suggest. Models of sea‐level rise and earthquake multi‐hazards that do not include the effects of upper plate faulting may mischaracterize risk at the coast.
Revisiting Oxygen‐18 and Clumped Isotopes in Planktic and Benthic Foraminifera
Authors: Daëron M. , Gray W. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractForaminiferal isotopes are widely used to study past oceans, with different species recording conditions at different depths. Their δ18O values record both seawater oxygen‐18 and temperature according to species‐specific fractionation factors, while their Δ47 signatures likely depend only on temperature. We describe an open‐source framework to collect/combine data relevant to foraminiferal isotopes, by constraining species‐specific oxygen‐18 fractionation factors (18α) based on culture experiments, stratified plankton tows or core‐top sediments; compiling stratified plankton tow constraints on living depths for planktic species; extracting seawater temperature, δ18O, and chemistry from existing databases for any latitude, longitude, and depth‐range; inferring calcification temperatures based on the above data. We find that although 18α differs between species, its temperature sensitivity remains indistinguishable from inorganic calcite. Based on > 2,600 observations we show that, although most planktic δ18O values are consistent with seawater temperature and δ18O over their expected living depths, a sizable minority (12%–24%) have heavier‐than‐predicted δ18O, best explained by calcification in deeper waters. We use this framework to revisit three recent Δ47 calibration studies of planktic/benthic foraminifera, confirming that planktic Δ47 varies systematically with oxygen‐18‐derived temperature estimates, even for samples whose δ18O disagrees with assumed climatological conditions, and demonstrating excellent agreement between planktic foraminifera and modern, largely inorganic Δ47 calibrations. Benthic foraminifera remain ambiguous: modern benthic Δ47 values appear offset from planktic ones, yet applying equilibrium Δ47 calibration to the Cenozoic benthic foraminifer record of Meckler et al. (2022, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abk0604) largely reconciles it with δ18O‐derived temperatures, with discrete Δ47/δ18O discrepancies persisting in the Late Paleocene/Eocene/Plio‐Pleistocene.
Multi‐Scale Analysis of Dispersive Scalar Transport Across Porous Media Under Globally Nonlinear Flow Conditions
Authors: Moghimi Hamid , Mousavi Nezhad Mohaddeseh , Guadagnini Alberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe focus on nonlinear flow regime scenarios observed at the global scale of a porous medium and explore the impact of such nonlinearities on key features of dispersive scalar transport observed across three‐dimensional porous systems characterized by various degrees of pore space complexity. Flow and transport processes are analyzed at pore‐scale and larger scales in well‐documented digital Beadpack and Bentheimer sandstone samples. Our simulations comprise linear (Darcy) and nonlinear (Forchheimer) flow regimes and consider a broad interval of values of Péclet number (ranging from 1 × 10−2–5 × 104). Sample probability density functions of pore‐scale velocities and concentrations of the migrating scalar are analyzed and related to flow conditions and degree of complexity of the pore space. Estimated values of dispersion associated with section‐averaged breakthrough curves display a power‐law scaling on the Péclet number. The scaling exponent depends on the relative importance of pore‐scale diffusion and advection. We find that the Forchheimer flow regime is characterized by enhanced mixing of the scalar field. This leads to enhanced dispersion as compared against a Darcy regime.
Thalamocortical control of cell-type specificity drives circuits for processing whisker-related information in mouse barrel cortex
Authors: Young Timothy R. , Yamamoto Mariko , Kikuchi Satomi S. , Yoshida Aya C. , Abe Takaya , Inoue Kenichi , Johansen Joshua P. , Benucci Andrea , Yoshimura Yumiko , Shimogori Tomomi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExcitatory spiny stellate neurons are prominently featured in the cortical circuits of sensory modalities that provide high salience and high acuity representations of the environment. These specialized neurons are considered developmentally linked to bottom-up inputs from the thalamus, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their diversification and function are unknown. Here, we investigated this in mouse somatosensory cortex, where spiny stellate neurons and pyramidal neurons have distinct roles in processing whisker-evoked signals. Utilizing spatial transcriptomics, we identified reciprocal patterns of gene expression which correlated with these cell-types and were linked to innervation by specific thalamic inputs during development. Genetic manipulation that prevents the acquisition of spiny stellate fate highlighted an important role for these neurons in processing distinct whisker signals within functional cortical columns, and as a key driver in the formation of specific whisker-related circuits in the cortex.
Rhs NADase effectors and their immunity proteins are exchangeable mediators of inter-bacterial competition in Serratia
Authors: Hagan Martin , Pankov Genady , Gallegos-Monterrosa Ramses , Williams David J. , Earl Christopher , Buchanan Grant , Hunter William N. , Coulthurst Sarah J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany bacterial species use Type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to deliver anti-bacterial effector proteins into neighbouring bacterial cells, representing an important mechanism of inter-bacterial competition. Specific immunity proteins protect bacteria from the toxic action of their own effectors, whilst orphan immunity proteins without a cognate effector may provide protection against incoming effectors from non-self competitors. T6SS-dependent Rhs effectors contain a variable C-terminal toxin domain (CT), with the cognate immunity protein encoded immediately downstream of the effector. Here, we demonstrate that Rhs1 effectors from two strains of Serratia marcescens, the model strain Db10 and clinical isolate SJC1036, possess distinct CTs which both display NAD(P)+ glycohydrolase activity but belong to different subgroups of NADase from each other and other T6SS-associated NADases. Comparative structural analysis identifies conserved functions required for NADase activity and reveals that unrelated NADase immunity proteins utilise a common mechanism of effector inhibition. By replicating a natural recombination event, we show successful functional exchange of CTs and demonstrate that Db10 encodes an orphan immunity protein which provides protection against T6SS-delivered SJC1036 NADase. Our findings highlight the flexible use of Rhs effectors and orphan immunity proteins during inter-strain competition and the repeated adoption of NADase toxins as weapons against bacterial cells.