bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth‐dependent proton magnetization transfer in articular cartilage
Authors: Regatte Ravinder R. , Akella Sarma V.S. , Reddy Ravinder 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo measure the proton magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) maps in control and collagen‐depleted bovine patellar cartilage specimens as a function of cartilage depth during mechanical compression.Materials and MethodsOne‐dimensional proton projection MR images employing a spin‐echo imaging sequence were obtained on a custom‐built NMR spectrometer interfaced to an Oxford magnet operating at 2T. The mechanical compressions were performed with a custom‐built MR‐compatible pressure cell and evaluated dynamically via one‐dimensional projection. High‐spatial‐resolution two‐dimensional MT images were obtained using a fast spin‐echo (FSE) sequence on a 4T whole‐body GE Signa scanner (GEMS, Milwaukee, WI, USA) to quantify the MTR maps of normal and collagen‐depleted bovine patellae.ResultsAll of the cartilage plugs from the bovine patellae showed that the MTR value increases continuously as a function of cartilage depth. Although the overall MTR trend as a function of depth is the same in both control and collagen‐depleted cartilage, the magnitude of the MTR value differs between the two. The MTR value is decreased with collagen depletion and increased with mechanical compression. The increase in MTR value during compression may be due to a decrease in free water content and volume, resulting in an increase in collagen concentration.ConclusionWe demonstrated that the MTR in bovine patellar cartilage is depth‐dependent and is relatively higher in the radial zone compared to the superficial zone. The high MTR in the radial zone not only depends on collagen content, it may also reflect a number of other parameters, such as the arrangement of macromolecules, high solid content, bound water fraction attached to macromolecules, radial orientation, etc. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:318–323. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the human optic nerve using a non‐CPMG fast spin echo sequence
Authors: Chabert Steren , Molko Nicolas , Cointepas Yann , Le Roux Patrick , Le Bihan Denis 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the diffusion tensor properties of the human optic nerve in vivo using a non‐Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill (CPMG) fast spin echo (FSE) sequence.Materials and MethodsThis non‐CPMG FSE sequence, which is based on a quadratic phase modulation of the refocusing pulses, allows diffusion measures to be acquired with full signal and without artifacts from geometric distortions due to magnetic field inhomogeneities, which are among the main problems encountered in the orbital area.ResultsGood‐quality images were obtained at a resolution of 0.94 × 0.94 × 3 mm. The mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were respectively 1.1 ± 0.2 × 10–3 mm2/second and 0.49 ± 0.06, reflecting the optic nerve anisotropy.ConclusionThis non‐CPMG‐FSE sequence provides reliable diffusion‐weighted images of the human optic nerve. This approach could potentially improve the diagnosis and management of optic nerve diseases or compression, such as optic neuritis, orbit tumors, and muscle hypertrophy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:307–310. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral contraceptives and uterine peristalsis: Evaluation with MRI
Authors: Kido Aki , Togashi Kaori , Nakai Asako , Kataoka Milliam L. , Koyama Takashi , Fujii Shingo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) on uterine contractility using cine MRI, and correlate the kinematic findings with the static findings.Materials and MethodsHealthy female volunteers of reproductive age (23 taking OCs, and 15 not) were evaluated at mid‐cycle. MR images were obtained with a 1.5T magnet, with 60 serial images taken every three seconds by half‐Fourier acquisition single‐shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) to be displayed in cine mode. Assessments were based on the 1) detectability of uterine peristalsis in cine mode, 2) peristaltic frequency and direction, 3) thickness of the endometrium, myometrium, and junctional zone (JZ) on T2‐weighted images (T2WIs), and 4) intensity of the myometrium and cervical mucus on T2WIs and T1‐weighted images (T1WIs), respectively.ResultsUterine peristalsis was markedly decreased in the OC users. The endometrium and JZ were significantly thinner, and the myometrium was thicker in the OC users compared to controls. The signal intensity of the myometrium and cervical mucus was significantly higher in the OC users than in controls.ConclusionOCs markedly suppressed uterine peristalsis at mid‐cycle, and the uterus displayed a globular configuration with a thin JZ that may be related to decreased uterine peristalsis in OC users. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:265–270. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Brucella species isolated from proven brucellosis patients in Izmir, Turkey
Authors: Köse Şükran , Kiliç Selçuk , Özbel Yusuf 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn many parts of the world, brucellosis has significantly decreased, but it is still a problem in some regions of Turkey. Totally, 11 Brucella strains isolated from the blood cultures of patients with presumptive diagnosis of brucellosis were identified to species and biovar level. For species identification, (i) CO2 requirements of isolates; (ii) detection of urease activation; (iii) detection of H2S production; (iv) dye sensitivities (thionine and basic fuchsin); (v) susceptibility to Brucella phage and (vi) agglutination with monospecific antisera (A and M) were performed. Ten out of 11 isolates were identified as B. melitensis biovar 3 and one out of 11 were identified as B. melitensis biovar 1. The sensitivity of isolates to antibiotics was determined by the E‐test. All isolates were found to be sensitive to doxycycline, rifampin, ciprofloxacin and cephtriaxone. Only one out of 11 isolates was found to be semi‐sensitive to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rock glaciers in the northern Japanese Alps: palaeoenvironmental implications since the Late Glacial
Authors: Aoyama Masafumi 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn order to determine the palaeoclimatic and palaeo‐permafrost conditions in the northern Japanese Alps in central Japan, the ages of rock glaciers were investigated by relative age dating techniques such as weathering‐rind thickness and Schmidt hammer measurements. The results of the relative age dating suggest that the formation of the investigated rock glaciers may have started during the early phase of the Late Glacial or around the onset of the Holocene. The lower limit of current discontinuous permafrost in the northern Japanese Alps, which is indicated by the terminus of the lowest active/inactive rock glacier, lies at 2530 m a.s.l., while that of discontinuous permafrost during the Late Glacial or early phase of the Holocene, which is indicated by the terminus of the lowest relict rock glacier, lies at 2220 m a.s.l. Therefore, the lower limit of discontinuous permafrost during these periods would have been at least about 300 m lower than that of the current discontinuous permafrost. Climatic and geomorphological conditions during the Late Glacial led to a change in the environment from a glacial environment to a periglacial (permafrost) environment in the current alpine zone of the northern Japanese Alps. A large number of cirques were deglaciated and several of them were occupied by active rock glaciers around the onset of the Holocene. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amplitude of ENSO cycles in the Santa Barbara Basin, off California, during the past 15 000 years
Authors: Nederbragt Alexandra J. , Thurow Jürgen 
Published: July 2005

AbstractVarve thickness time series from ODP Site 893 in the Santa Barbara Basin (off California) were analysed to determine variation in the strength of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycles during the past 15 000 yr. Mean varve thickness and variance changed over time, with thicker varves before ∼8000 yr BP indicative of wetter than modern climates. A 100‐yr running standardisation was applied to correct for non‐stationarity. The contribution of ENSO‐scale variability was then estimated as the amplitude of 3–8 year bandpassed data. Results show multidecadal‐ to centennial‐scale modulation of the amplitude. On average, however, the amplitude of ENSO scale variability remained constant throughout the past 15 000 yr. We therefore conclude that, although the expression of ENSO cycles may have changed during the Holocene, there is no indication for a significant change in amplitude of interannual variability. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilization of zirconia stationary phase as a tool in drug control
Authors: Kučera Radim , Žižkovský Václav , Sochor Jaroslav , Klimeš Jiří , Dohnal Jiří 
Published: July 2005

AbstractZirconia‐based stationary phases represent an interesting alternative to silica‐based materials. Two zirconia‐based stationary phases were studied as an option for use in drug analysis. The different properties of zirconia material, distinct from RP silica‐columns, were employed for the development of a novel and rapid stability monitoring HPLC method. This method enables simultaneous control of possible degradation processes of active substance (ibuprofen) as well as antimicrobial excipients (methyl‐ and propylparaben). The separation of ibuprofen, its two main degradation products 2‐(4‐isobutyrylphenyl)propionic acid and 4‐isobutylacetophenone, parabens, and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid as their degradation product was successfully accomplished on a Zr‐CarbonC18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile‐phosphate buffer (pH 4.8)‐propan‐2‐ol (27 : 56:17, v/v/v). Detection was performed at 258 nm and the analysis was completed within 17 minutes.
Pyramidal tract imaging in multiple‐system atrophy
Authors: Limberg Nicole , Jeavons Susanne , Robertson Thomas , Boyle Richard 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA new radiological finding of T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in the pyramidal tracts is described in a patient clinically thought to have idiopathic Parkinson's disease but histologically proven to have multiple‐system atrophy. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Mathematical models of therapeutical actions related to tumour and immune system competition
Authors: Angelis Elena De , Jabin Pierre‐Emmanuel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThis paper deals with the qualitative analysis of a model related to the description of two medical therapies which have been intensively developed in recent years. In particular, we refer to the modelling of the actions applied by proteins, to activate the immune defense, and to the control of angiogenesis, to contrast the growth of tumour cells by preventing the feeding actions of endothelial cells. The therapeutical actions which are object of the modelling process developed in this paper have to be regarded as applied within the framework of the competition between the immune system and tumour cells. We prove the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem related to the model. The efficiency of the therapies and the asymptotic behaviour in time of our solutions is also investigated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of two memory kernels and the time dependence of the heat source for a parabolic conserved phase‐field model
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Guidetti Davide , Vespri Vincenzo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper we consider a system of two integro‐differential evolution equations coming from a conservative phase‐field model in which the principal part of the elliptic operators, involved in the two evolution equations, have different orders. The inverse problem consists in finding the evolution of: the temperature, the phase‐field, the two memory kernels and the time dependence of the heat source when we suppose to know additional measurements of the temperature on some part of the body Ω. Our results are set within the framework of Hölder continuous function spaces with values in a Banach spaceX. We prove that the inverse problem admits a local in time solution, but we are also able to prove a global in time uniqueness result. Our setting, when we choose for exampleX=C($\bar{\Omega}$), allows us to make additional measurements of the temperature on the boundary of the body Ω. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual screening to enrich a compound collection with CDK2 inhibitors using docking, scoring, and composite scoring models
Authors: Cotesta Simona , Giordanetto Fabrizio , Trosset Jean‐Yves , Crivori Patrizia , Kroemer Romano T. , Stouten Pieter F.W. , Vulpetti Anna 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDocking programs can generate subsets of a compound collection with an increased percentage of actives against a target (enrichment) by predicting their binding mode (pose) and affinity (score), and retrieving those with the highest scores. Using the QXP and GOLD programs, we compared the ability of six single scoring functions (PLP, Ligscore, Ludi, Jain, ChemScore, PMF) and four composite scoring models (Mean Rank: MR, Rank‐by‐Vote: Vt, Bayesian Statistics: BS and PLS Discriminant Analysis: DA) to separate compounds that are active against CDK2 from inactives. We determined the enrichment for the entire set of actives (IC50 < 10 μM) and for three activity subsets. In all cases, the enrichment for each subset was lower than for the entire set of actives. QXP outperformed GOLD at pose prediction, but yielded only moderately better enrichments. Five to six scoring functions yielded good enrichments with GOLD poses, while typically only two worked well with QXP poses. For each program, two scoring functions generally performed better than the others (Ligscore2 and Ludi for GOLD; QXP and Jain for QXP). Composite scoring functions yielded better results than single scoring functions. The consensus approaches MR and Vt worked best when separating micromolar inhibitors from inactives. The statistical approaches BS and DA, which require training data, performed best when distinguishing between low and high nanomolar inhibitors. The key observation that all hit rate profiles for all four activity intervals for all scoring schemes for both programs are significantly better than random, is evidence that docking can be successfully applied to enrich compound collections. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Innovation, ENBIS and the Importance of Practice in the Development of Statistics
Authors: Bisgaard Søren 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe theme of this paper is innovation—in statistics and, more generally, in business and industry. Innovations in statistical theory have historically frequently occurred in direct response to demands for solutions to important practical problems. A major motivation for the establishment of the European Network for Business and Industrial Statistics (ENBIS) was the perceived need for a vehicle to facilitate innovation through positive and productive interactions between statistical practitioners and researchers throughout Europe. More broadly, I suggest that quality improvement, the major focus of industrial statistics, conceptually should be considered as innovation in processes and products. With the aid of statistics and quality management principles, product and process innovation can become a systematized and planned process of fundamental importance for the economic future of industrialized nations. However, product and process innovations will also likely stimulate novel statistical innovations for which ENBIS can serve as marketplace where demand for solutions to problems will be met by a supply of ideas and solutions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an Affymetrix High‐density Oligonucleotide Microarray Platform as a Measurement System
Authors: van den Heuvel Edwin R. , Geeven Geert , Bauerschmidt Susanne , Polman Jan E. M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe random measurement or technological variation of an Affymetrix high‐density oligonucleotide microarray platform is estimated and evaluated against the variation in the gene expression levels of a biological sample. A mixed effects analysis of variance model is used to describe the probe intensity levels. The focus is on the repeatability of the method. Additionally, the minimal number of arrays necessary to detect biological relevant differences in gene expression levels between biological samples is estimated based on the repeatability. The investigated sources of variation for the repeatability are arrays, array production lots, the reverse transcription step, the in vitro transcription step and the hybridization and washing step. They may all add to the short‐term random measurement variation. The effect of global linear normalization on the repeatability is determined. It is shown that the in vitro transcription step contributes to the repeatability with more than 50%. If normalization is used, the microarray platform is indeed suitable for measuring thousands of genes simultaneously and in particular to detect differences in gene expression between biological samples. Based on a goodness‐of‐fit investigation and considering the amount of data involved, the analysis of variance model seems suitable to describe the raw probe intensity data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysing the Results of a Designed Experiment when the Response is a Curve: Methodology and Application in Metal Injection Moulding
Authors: Govaerts Bernadette , Noël Jonathan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn (designed) industrial experiments, the response observed often takes the form of a curve representing, for example, the evolution of a quality characteristic over a period of time. In such a context, the polynomial regression approach, usually used in response surface analysis to predict the response as a function of the experimental factors, should be adapted to the functional character of the response. This paper reviews several possible methods of analysing the results of a designed experiment when the response is a curve and compares them with a case study from the metal injection‐moulding industry. Three different approaches are first presented to fit a model to the (functional) data: two‐step nonlinear modelling; pointwise functional regression; and smoothed functional regression. All of the models derived are able to predict the functional response from any design factor setting chosen in the experimental domain. Two inferential problems are then discussed: the significance testing of experimental factor effects and the calculation of prediction intervals around predicted curves. Asymptotic results and bootstrap procedures are compared in this context. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compound Selection and Filtering in Library Design
Authors: Lumley James A. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMultiple approaches exist within the literature for the generation of new active compounds against existing or new therapeutic targets, but no technique has yet provided the rich source of high‐quality ‘hit’ and ‘lead’ compounds needed by the industry. The evolution of ultrahigh‐throughput screening (HTS) and fast computer‐based virtual high‐throughput screening (VHTS), provide two contrasting techniques for the potential identification of new active hit compounds. This article considers the trends adopted in the design of large to small compound libraries and some of the recent technologies that aim to search and select from chemical space in order to focus libraries towards known chemical ligands or biological target structures. The ability to combine multiple approaches against a given therapeutic target remains the best approach for success.
A model‐based approach in the estimation of the maximum tolerated dose in phase I cancer clinical trials
Authors: He Weili , Liu Jun , Binkowitz Bruce , Quan Hui 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe primary aim of a phase I cancer clinical trial is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new agent. The MTD is determined as the highest dose level of a potential therapeutic agent at which the patients have experienced an acceptable level of dose limiting toxicity. Although many other types of designs have been proposed in recent years, the traditional algorithm‐based designs, especially the 3+3 designs, are still widely used due to their practical simplicity. Simulation studies have shown that the traditional algorithm‐based designs cannot provide reasonable estimates of the MTD due to their intrinsic design limitations. In this paper, we propose a model‐based approach in the estimation of the MTD following a traditional 3+3 design. Simulation results indicate that our model‐based approach produces much less biased estimates of the MTD compared to the estimates obtained from the traditional 3+3 designs. Furthermore, our model‐based approach can be easily extended to any traditional A+B design. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Lectin Gene from Zantedeschia aethiopica
Authors: Chen Zhonghai , Sun Xiaofen , Tang Kexuan 
Published: July 2005

A new lectin gene was isolated by using genomic walker technology and revealed to encode a mannose-binding lectin. Analysis of a 2233 bp segment revealed a gene including a 1169 bp 5′ flanking region, a 417 bp open reading frame (ORF) and a 649 bp 3′ flanking region. There are two putative TATA boxes and eight possible CAAT boxes lie in the 5′ flanking region. The ORF encodes a 15.1 kDa precursor, which contains a 24-amino acid signal peptide. One possible polyadenylation signal is found in the 3′-flanking region. No intron was detected within the region of genomic sequence corresponding to zaa (Zantedeschia aethiopica agglutinin) full-length cDNA, which is typical of other mannose-binding lectin gene that have been reported. The deduced amino acid sequence of the lectin gene coding region shares 49–54% homology with other known lectins. The cloning of this new lectin gene will allow us to further study its structure, expression and regulation mechanisms.