bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk as Feelings
Authors: Loewenstein George F , Weber Elke U , Hsee, Christopher K , Welch Ned 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People sometimes ask me how it is that I’m so prolific. Being paranoid, I always suspect that the subtext is ‘Why don’t you go for more quality than quantity?’ I do have an answer, albeit perhaps a not very satisfactory one. I’m not very good at judging the quality of my own papers, at least as measured by other people’s reactions to them, which makes it very difficult to substitute quality for quantity. Some of the papers that I thought were my best, such as ‘The Red and the Black’, have had almost no impact. Others, such as the one reprinted in this chapter, have had an impact that has surprised me. The success of papers, like that of any product, has as much to do with timing as with the inherent quality of the papers. The timing was very good on this paper.
National ‘Pacts’ and EU Governance in Social Policy and the Labor Market
Authors: Rhodes Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in EU-level social and labor market policy and politics have stimulated much speculation about more general issues of European governance. These include the emerging form of the multi-level EU polity, the capacity of Europe to defend the core policies and beliefs of its so-called ‘social model’, and the on-going transformation of national decision-making systems. Gradually there has been a shift away from an earlier concern with the dangers of a ‘race-to-the-bottom’ in social and labor standards, toward a view that, given the right kind of pan-European regulatory system, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the single market and ‘globalization’ might have much less dramatic consequences than often feared for Europe’s social and economic fabric.
Indo-Europeanist Practice and American Indianist Theory in Linguistic Classification*
Authors: Greenberg Joseph H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There exists among American Indianists and in linguistics in general no coherent theory regarding the genetic classification of languages. The most common formulation which might seem to be such is that there must be regular sound correspondences between languages for them to be related. The problem as to whether there is an empirically operational method to give a yes or no answer as to the presence or absence of sound correspondences is discussed at length in Greenberg 1987 (especially 1-37) [§6-Ed.] which resumes and expands earlier discussions, particularly Greenberg (1957: 35-45) [§2-Ed.]. But even if it worked, and the objections to it on this ground are shared by critics as diverse as Meillet and Ives Goddard, it is the answer to the wrong question, namely as to whether languages are related.
Language and Archaeology: Review of Archaeology and Language: the Puzzle of Inda-European Origins by Colin Renfrew and A Guide to the World’s Languages, vol. 1: Classification, by Merritt Ruhlen*
Authors: Greenberg Joseph H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As Renfrew states at the beginning of his work (p. 1), archaeologists of late have had little to say about language origins. With regard to Inda-European, the focus of his book, it is indeed remarkable that the standard textbook on European archaeology (Champion et al.1984) does not even contain the word Inda-European in the index. It is Renfrew’s view that with recent advances in processual archaeology and comparative linguistics the time is ripe for a new attempt to investigate Inda-European origins. The whole enterprise had, of course, fallen into disrepute because of the excesses of the Aryan theory in the 1920s and 1930s, which was the immediate background of Boas’s well-known pronouncements regarding the independence of race, language, and culture.
Property and Legal Culture in France
Authors: Bell John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lawson and Rudden noted that, although registration has long been accepted in other areas of life, in England it was resisted in relation to land. They record that those favouring registration were challenged by those preferring to simplify landed interests, and that the latter have triumphed, leaving land registration less than ideal. The tensions in France between consensualism in the transfer of property and the protection of creditors have led to a similar slowness in accepting land registration and an even less ideal system.
Are Intangible Assets Fungible?
Authors: Goode Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is with some trepidation that I offer this tribute to Professor Bernard Rudden on an aspect of property law, one of several different fields to the understanding of which he himself has made such a major contribution over many years. The preparation of this chapter has already served a purpose in crystallizing my own thoughts on a subject of some importance which has not hitherto received the attention it deserves. I hope that others will find it helpful.
Europe’s Judges
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Court of Justice of the European Communities is a controversial institution. Although it remains ‘[t]tucked away in the fairyland Duchy of Luxembourg’, the days when it was ‘blessed ... with benign neglect by the powers that be and the mass media’ are long gone. Today the Court arouses stronger passions. Its supporters see it as having made a major contribution to the establishment of a polity which offers its Member States the peace, stability and prosperity they had previously found so hard to achieve. To its detractors, it has consistently acted in the pursuit of an agenda of its own about the political shape of Europe, disregarding the terms of the Treaties where they have seemed to stand in the way of its own conception of what Europe requires. During the parliamentary debates on the bill’ to give effect in the United Kingdom to the Treaty on European Union signed in Maastricht in early 1992, that view was reflected by Baroness Thatcher, who observed that ‘some things at the Court are very much to our distaste’. It had, she said, produced: a great effect upon the powers that we have relinquished. It has by its decisions greatly extended the powers of the centralised institutions against the nation state.
European rights, national remedies
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was argued in chapter 6 that, although the concepts of direct effect and primacy may not have been expressly spelt out, they were nevertheless implicit in the system created by the Treaties. Be that as it may, once the concepts had been recognised by the Court of Justice, a host of ancillary problems began to arise. The basic issue can be simply put: what does Community law actually require a national court to do to protect the rights the Court of Justice says it is bound to uphold? Must it award damages to those whose rights have been infringed and who have thereby suffered loss? If so, how are these to be cakulated? Are such claims subject to a period of limitation and, if so, how long is it? Does Community law have anything to say about causation, interest, the burden of proof, injunctions?
The free movement of goods
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The next five chapters are concerned with the contribution made by the Court of Justice in certain areas of substantive Jaw. The areas examined may all to a large extent be described as judicially constructed, in the sense that the Court has played the major part in shaping their contours. The discussion of these areas does not purport to be comprehensive: the aim is merely to outline some of the substantive problems with which the Court has been confronted and how it has dealt with them. The subject of the present chapter is the free movement of goods, which lay at the core of the common market contemplated by the EEC Treaty. That Treaty contained provisions designed to eliminate various forms of obstacle to imports and exports which States, left to their own devices, might seek to erect. Thus, Articles 9 to 16 EEC (later 23 to 25 EC) were concerned with the elimination between Member States of customs duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect.
The free movement of workers
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the objectives of the European Community is the abolition between Member States of obstacles to the free movement of persons and services. Part Three, Title III, of the Treaty contains three Chapters setting out detailed provisions for the achievement of that objective. Chapter 1 is concerned with the free movement of workers, Chapter 2 with the right of establishment and Chapter 3 with the freedom to provide services. Those provisions were supplemented at Maastricht by the insertion of a new Part Two in the EC Treaty entitled ‘Citizenship of the Union. ‘The subject of this chapter is the free movement of workers. The right of establishment and the freedom to provide services will be considered in the next chapter, while citizenship of the Union is dealt with in chapter 14. We shall see that many of the issues which the Court has had to confront in relation to the free movement of goods have also arisen in the field of the free movement of persons and services, although not surprisingly that field has also generated problems of its own.
On Knowledge-Intensive Firms
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN this chapter I aim to do three things: to define the character is tics of knowledge-intensive firms (KIFs), to review critically some key ideas on what are being institutionalized as professions and professional organizations, and to compare the category of KIFs with that of the profession (professional workers and organizations). This is necessary as the terms cover similar terrain, and are sometimes used in more or less the same way, but represent a somewhat different focus. I also discuss the virtues and problems of both categories, emphasizing that self-criticism and doubt about the major concepts one is working with are important.
Socio-politics of Knowledge Work: Social Connections and Interactions
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a socially constructed phenomenon knowledge does not exist on its own, but is dependent on social recognition. Without being perceived and recognized by others knowledge does not, for all practical purposes, appear as such, at least not in market and organizational contexts. A company that claims to be in the knowledge business-being able to offer services or products with a sophisticated knowledge content-calls for the specific or institutionalized confirmation and support of significant others. Parallel and partly overlapping work with image management and corporate and professional rhetoric call for the establishment, maintenance, and development of favourable social relation ships.
Identity: Uncertainties and Regulations
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IDENTITY is broadly seen as crucial to understanding how people relate to their working world and how organizations function. Identity on a variety of levels, both individual and organizational, is at present very fashionable in management and organization theory. This chapter focuses mainly on the level of individual identity. This concerns how a person constructs a particular version of him- or herself and can be seen as the response to the question 1Who am I?’ The answer to this question has consequences for the priorities and motivations, the thinking and acting, of the individual. Identity is not an exclusive individual issue, but is highly related to organizational context and social interactions. We form identities through social groups, and how others relate to us is crucial to how we see ourselves. Organizations are sources of identity of the employed. Identity is not fixed, but is to some extent an open question.
Distortions in Industrial Geography: Triangulating Among Industrial Firms, Financial Firms, and the State
Authors: Markusen Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using variants of location theory, economic geographers have long focused on industrial (both goods and service) firm behaviour as a major force in spatial patterns of industry across regions and nations. Employing cost and profit maximization theories on the one hand, and working with agglomeration theory on the other, they offer a fairly coherent version of firm logic in deciding where to place production and related activities spatially. In this chapter, I explore two other significant actors in the contemporary economy: financial firms and the nation state. I argue that these latter two sets of actors play powerful roles in shaping industrial firm strategy, with marked effects on locational outcomes. I suggest that triangulation among the three sets of actors occurs in many spheres of activity and that although it is difficult to theorize satisfactorily about the spatial priorities of the latter two sets of actors, they nonetheless weigh in and may seriously distort the distribution of economic activity over space. The central argument of this chapter is that financial firms, seeking short-term returns, may induce economic and geographical restructuring which would not have otherwise taken place. They may, as well, be more successful in pressing for favourable government policies than industrial firms, and the latter may be brought on board in a unified strategy.
Duelling and Martial Culture
Authors: Manning Roger B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An English royal proclamation of 1613 complained that many gentlemen, with the connivance of magistrates, assumed that defending one’s reputation with the sword was a ‘birth-right’, despite the prohibitions contained in royal proclamations. This was a legacy of the medieval belief that noble status conferred both the right to bear arms and the right to fight a duel. These rights derived, in turn, from ‘the droit de guerre, the right to make war’. Although he does not condone frivolous quarrels and combats, there runs throughout the book about fencing and the code of the duel written by Vincentio Saviolo, the second earl of Essex’s Italian fencing master, the assumption that honour was above religion and morality, and a duel needed no other justification than the vindication of honour.
Dependency and Constituency
Authors: Carnie Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Up to this point in the book we’ve been assuming that constituency representations—usually trees or sets—are primitives of syntactic representation and the primary means of representing syntactic structure. Semantic relations (such as thematic relations) and semantico-syntactic relations (such as subjecthood, or even predicate–argument relations) can be viewed as derived from, or at least dependent on, constituent hierarchies.
Leadership in the Private Sector: Yesterday Versus Tomorrow
Authors: Latham Gary P , McCauley Cynthia D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What will ‘they’ state was important about the role of organizational leaders in the twenty-first century? The pronoun is, of course, the key word in this opening question. ‘They’ are the behavioural scientists and historians at the end of this millennium. They will be able to explain the type of organizations that leaders led, because they (1) will know how everything turned out, and (2) will have boiled down the story to a manageable length by focusing on a few major themes and trends that turned out to be decisive. The statistics and events that they cite to explain what happened will be only a fraction of the voluminous data that we currently respond to and argue about on an annual (e.g. Annual Review of Psychology) if not daily basis. This is the process of distillation, through time, that proves the truth or folly in a forecast.
Evidentiality
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In some languages every statement must contain a specification of the type of evidence on which it is based: for example, whether the speaker saw it, or heard it, or inferred it from indirect evidence, or learnt it from someone else. This grammatical reference to information source is called 'evidentiality', and is one of the least described grammatical categories. Evidentiality systems differ in how complex they are: some distinguish just two terms (eyewitness and noneyewitness, or reported and everything else), while others have six or even more terms. Evidentiality is a category in its own right, and not a subcategory of epistemic or some other modality, nor of tense-aspect. Every language has some way of referring to the source of information, but not every language has grammatical evidentiality. In English expressions such as I guess, they say, I hear that, the alleged are not obligatory and do not constitute a grammatical system. Similar expressions in other languages may provide historical sources for evidentials. True evidentials, by contrast, form a grammatical system. In the North Arawak language Tariana an expression such as "the dog bit the man" must be augmented by a grammatical suffix indicating whether the event was seen, or heard, or assumed, or reported. This book provides the first exhaustive cross-linguistic typological study of how languages deal with the marking of information source. Examples are drawn from over 500 languages from all over the world, several of them based on the author's original fieldwork. Professor Aikhenvald also considers the role evidentiality plays in human cognition, and the ways in which evidentiality influences human perception of the world.. This is an important book on an intriguing subject. It will interest anthropologists, cognitive psychologists and philosophers, as well as linguists.
Demeter and the Curse of Consumption
Authors: Hopfl Heather 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At a time in history characterized by currents of apprehension, uncertainty, and anxiety about a future rendered precarious by terror; at a time of mediocrity paraded as high achievement, of avarice and an absence of com passion; at a time of forsaken idealism, of a failing imagination, and of work organizations regulated by feudal practices and medieval savagery; at such a time, it is not perhaps surprising to find that there is a renewed interest in the Greeks.
The Renaissance of the Victim in Criminal Policy: A Reconstruction of the German Campaign
Authors: Jung Heike 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A rationally based criminal policy cannot be conceived of and implemented as a ‘single issue campaign’, since it will have to take into account a complex network of ideas, institutions, and actors, as well as the normative and empirical setting which constitutes the system of crime control. Changes in criminal policy do not take place rapidly and radically from one year to the next.
Why Trade Marks?
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was a beautiful afternoon for a little time off. Some 6,000 delegates attending the International Trademark Association’s 1997 meeting in San Diego surged out of the conference centre to enjoy some leisure time before the Grand Finale at the city’s famous zoo. Some went shopping downtown; others cruised the limpid bay; others again braved the city tram to the national border with Mexico and a short taxi ride to Tijuana. My wife and I were among them.
Reputation, Unfair Advantage And Detriment
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A registered trade mark is entitled to protection against the use or registration of an identical sign without the need for its proprietor to prove to the court that his registered mark possesses a reputation. The same applies to the protection to which a registered trade mark is entitled where it is likely to be confused with a sign used or intended to be registered by another. In all these cases a trade mark will gain the law’s protection even if it has not yet been used. But there is an additional level of protection which is open to the owners of trade marks which have been used: that protection is the subject of this chapter.
Trade Marks, Images, Icons And Social Responsibility
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
But while this fight against erosion seems reasonable in the context of brands competing with each other, it’s a different matter when looked at from the lens of aggressive lifestyle branding—and from that perspective, a re-examination of the public’s right to respond to these ‘private’ images seems urgently required. Mattel, for instance, has reaped huge profits by encouraging young girls to build elaborate dream lives round their doll, but it still wants that relationship to be a monologue.
Think, Play, Do
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The innovation process is the most important of all business processes. Innovation is the means by which value is constructed and efficiencies are created. It is the source of sustainable competitive advantage. This book shows how the innovation process is changing profoundly. Part of the change results from the application of new technologies to the innovation process itself. A new category of technology has emerged which we call 'innovation technology'. This includes simulation and modelling, visualization, and rapid prototyping technologies. When used effectively, innovation technology makes the innovation process more economical and ameliorates some of its uncertainties. These technological changes are accompanied by changing organization structures and skills requirements. The technologies are used in fast moving, creative environments and are suited to project-based organization. They also require the development of new 'craft' skills to realize the possibilities created by the new 'code'. The book outlines a new way of thinking about innovation. Traditional definitions of 'research', 'development' and 'engineering', imply a progressive linearity which doesn't exist in reality. They are also associated with organizational departments, which are breaking down where once they existed, and are in any case non-existent in the vast majority of firms. They also fail to capture the central importance of design in innovation. We propose a new schema for the innovation process: Think, Play, Do. Innovation requires creating new ideas and thinking about new options, playing with them to see if they are practical, economical and marketable, and then doing: making the innovation real. This new schema captures the emerging innovation process using a more contemporary idiom. The book reports in-depth studies from a number of companies and sectors. Major case studies of Procter and Gamble and Arup Partners are presented. It reports on the use of innovation technology in a range of other companies and organizations, from pharmaceuticals in GSK, to engineering design in Ricardo engineering , and welding in TWI. We describe how innovation technology is used in traditional industries, such as in mining, and in public projects, such as the development of London's traffic congestion charge and the stabilization of the leaning tower of Pisa.
Innovation Technology
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction The Latin proverb Nihil simul inventum est et perfectum means ‘nothing is invented and perfected at the same time’. Like many proverbs, this one has stood the test of time, and is still apposite. But everything changes; nothing stays the same, and the search for ‘ inventions’ that are ‘perfect’ at birth is a continuing quest for innovators. Present changes occurring in the innovation process that result from the application of a range of new technologies and management practices are part of that quest. We describe the new technology including simulation and modelling tools, virtual reality, data mining and rapid prototyping-as innovation technology (IvT). We contend that the changes associated with their introduction leads to the intensification of innovation. We argue that it is being applied to an innovation process that can be characterized by thinking, playing, and doing.