bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Fracture in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Girman Cynthia J. , Chandler Julie M. , Zimmerman Sheryl I. , Martin Allison R. , Hawkes William , Hebel J. Richard , Sloane Philip D. , Magaziner Jay 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVES:TTo investigate cross‐validated methods of identifying patients at increased risk of fracture in nursing homes using readily available data.DESIGN:Prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow‐up.SETTING:Forty‐seven randomly selected nursing homes in Maryland.PARTICIPANTS:One thousand four hundred twenty‐seven white female nursing home residents aged 65 and older were followed for fracture for 18 months after baseline assessment.MEASUREMENTS:Fracture ascertained by physician note or x‐ray from chart abstraction; demographic and baseline data extracted from the Minimum Data Set (MDS).RESULTS:Exploratory analyses on a random subset (67%) of the data (development sample) identified variables that might be important in predicting subsequent fracture and included variables for how the resident moved between locations in her room or adjacent corridor (mobility), age, weight, height, independence in eating and dressing, urinary incontinence, resistance to care, falls in the previous 6 months, a dementia score, and other activities of daily living. A simple scoring algorithm derived from a subset of these MDS variables showed good sensitivity (.70) but low specificity (.39) in the random validation sample.CONCLUSION:A scoring algorithm developed in more than 1,400 white females from 47 nursing homes in the state of Maryland shows high sensitivity for identifying women at increased risk for fracture and may be useful in targeting fracture prevention programs.
Implementation of Consultative Geriatric Recommendations: The Role of Patient–Primary Care Physician Concordance
Authors: Maly Rose C. , Leake Barbara , Frank Janet C. , DiMatteo M. Robin , Reuben David B. 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect on primary care physicians' implementation and their patients' adherence behaviors of patient‐physician concordance about recommended geriatric health care.DESIGN: Case‐series, independent interviews of patients and their physicians about their perceptions of the patients' health and the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).SETTING: Community.PARTICIPANTS: Community‐dwelling older patients (n = 111) who received consultative outpatient CGA and their primary care physicians.MEASUREMENTS: Concordance variables were generated using physician and patient responses to 10 questions on health‐ and CGA‐related perceptions. An overall concordance score was generated by summing the total number of items on which patients and physicians agreed. Measures of the two dependent variables (physician implementation of and patient adherence to CGA recommendations) were by self‐report.RESULTS: In multiple logistic regression analyses, overall concordance between patient and physician proved to be a significant and powerful predictor of physician implementation of (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–4.6, P < .001) and patient adherence to (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.7–4.2, P < .001) CGA recommendations, controlling for patient and physician gender and age, patients' functional status, duration of the patient‐physician relationship, and frequency of visits in the previous year. Further analysis revealed that mutual patient‐physician concordance on health‐related perceptions was a significant predictor of these outcomes, whereas individual patient or physician perceptions were not.CONCLUSION: Concordance between older patients and their primary care physicians is a powerful predictor of physician implementation of and patient adherence to outpatient consultative CGA recommendations. Future research should focus on ways physicians can assess and negotiate patient‐physician agreement on geriatric healthcare recommendations.
The Effect of Culture‐Positive Influenza Type A on Resource Use and Adverse Events in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Drinka Paul J. , Krause Peggy , Nest Lori , Dissing Margaret , Gravenstein Stefan , Goodman Brian M. 
Published: August 2002

OBJECTIVES: To determine adverse clinical events and resource utilization associated with culture‐positive influenza A in nursing home residents.DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study with cases and controls.SETTING: Seven hundred twenty‐one–bed skilled nursing facility.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty‐four residents (21% of all residents) from whom influenza A was isolated during the 1997/98 season and matched controls.MEASUREMENTS: Baseline parameters, staff interventions, diagnostic tests, and adverse events were recorded from 60 days before to 60 days after specimen collection. The difference between each individual's before and after measurements determined excess utilization secondary to influenza. Controls were studied to determine time series effects.RESULTS: Baseline Minimum Data Set and nutritional parameters demonstrated significantly greater (P < .05) feeding dependency and lower serum albumin in the control group. Time series effects in the control group were negligible. Among cases, there were nine deaths within 30 days; among controls, there were four (χ2P = .26). Within 30 days of onset, an average excess of 18 notations by nursing staff, one phone call to the physician, and one to family was noted per case. In half of cases, a nonscheduled physician visit was required. There was a 20% excess in physician orders for oxygen and bronchodilators. Chest x‐rays were performed in half of the cases, and antibiotics were prescribed to half. Sixteen percent of cases had radiographic pneumonia, and 2% had congestive heart failure. The average cost for excess chest x‐rays, laboratory services, antimicrobials, ambulance calls, hospital days, and emergency room and physician visits was $943.44. This does not include efforts by nursing home staff who accommodate functional decline on‐site.CONCLUSION: An unexpected finding was that there were more impaired individuals who were less likely to have influenza detected or less likely to acquire influenza in the control group than in the influenza group. The morbidity, mortality, excess staff effort, and measured expenditure justify efforts to prevent influenza.
Clinical Value of Electrodiagnostic Testing Following Repair of Peripheral Nerve Lesions: A Prospective Study
Authors: VAN DE KAR Th. H. J. , JAQUET J. B. , MEULSTEE J. , MOLENAAR C. B. H. , SCHIMSHEIMER R. J. , HOVIUS S. E. R. 
Published: August 2002

This study prospectively assessed the level of correlation between functional and electrophysiological recovery after median and ulnar nerve lacerations. Motor and sensory recovery were recorded clinically and electrophysiologically every 3 months in 24 patients with 29 complete median or ulnar nerve lacerations. The strength of agreement between the clinical motor score and the electrophysiological score was “fair”, but in 41% a discrepancy was identified (kappa factor 0.39). Regeneration was not detected earlier by electrophysiology than by a thoroughly performed clinical evaluation. This suggests that electrophysiologic testing is of value as an adjunct to clinical assessment for evaluating cases in which there is clinical doubt as to the progress of regeneration and secondary surgery is contemplated.
Gene delivery by a steroid‐peptide nucleic acid conjugate
Authors: Rebuffat Alexandre G. , Nawrocki Andrea R. , Nielsen Peter E. , Bernasconi Alessio G. , Bernal‐Mendez Eloy , Frey Brigitte M. , Frey Felix J. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTWe previously introduced a method called steroid‐mediated gene delivery (SMGD), which uses steroid receptors as shuttles to facilitate the nuclear uptake of transfected DNA. Here, we describe a SMGD strategy with peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) that allowed linkage of a steroid molecule to a defined position in a plasmid without disturbing its gene expression. We synthesized and tested several bifunctional steroid derivatives [patent in process of nationalization] and finally selected the compound named DEX‐bisPNA, a molecule consisting of a dexamethasone moiety linked to a PNA clamp (bisPNA) through a 30‐atom chemical spacer. Dex‐bisPNA binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as well as to reporter plasmids containing the corresponding PNA binding sites, translocates the GR from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, and increases the delivery of plasmid to the nucleus, resulting in enhanced GR‐dependent expression of the reporter gene. The SMGD effect was more pronounced in growth‐arrested cells than in proliferating cells. The specificity for the GR was shown by the reversion of the SMGD effect in the presence of dexamethasone as well as an enhanced expression in GR‐positive cells but not in GR‐negative cells. Thus, SMGD with PNA is a promising strategy for nonviral gene delivery into target tissues expressing specific steroid receptors.
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) regulate the expression of key apoptotic genes in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Majumder B. , Wahle K.W. J. , Moir S. , Schofield A. , Choe Sun‐Nam , Farquharson A. , Grant I. , Heys S. D. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces mammary tumorigenesis in rodent models, induces apoptosis in rodent mammary tumor cell lines, and decreases expression of antiapoptotic bcl‐2 in rat mammary tissue. This investigation focused on the cell mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of CLA. Changes (mRNA, protein) in expression of major proapoptotic p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, bax, bcl‐Xs genes, and the antiapoptotic bcl‐2 gene were observed in malignant MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells and in benign MCF‐10a human mammary tumor cells in culture. CLA, but not linoleic acid (LA), inhibited proliferation in all cells; CLA mix was most effective. CLA increased DNA damage (apoptosis). CLA increased mRNA expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 (three‐ to fivefold and twofold, respectively) but either decreased bcl‐2 by 20–30% or had no effect in MCF‐7 and MCF‐10a cells, respectively; protein expression reflected mRNA values. In MDA‐MBA‐231 (mutant p53) cells, mRNA for p53 was not changed, but p21WAF1/CIP1 and bcl‐2 mRNA was increased. Protein expression largely reflected mRNA changes but, surprisingly, CLA completely suppressed mutant p53 protein in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Apparent antiapoptotic effects of increased bcl‐2 expression in MDAMBA‐231 cells were countered by increased proapoptotic p21WAF1/CIP1, Bax, and Bcl‐Xs proteins. Findings indicate that CLA elicits mainly proapoptotic effects in human breast tumor cells through both p53‐dependent and p53‐independent pathways, according to cell type.
Muscle‐derived interleukin‐6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles
Authors: FEBBRAIO MARK A. , PEDERSEN BENTE KLARLUND 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTIt has recently been demonstrated that the marked increase in the systemic concentration of cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) seen with exercise originates from the contracting limb and that skeletal muscle cells per se are the likely source of the production. This review summarizes the possible mechanisms for activation and biological consequences of muscle‐derived IL‐6. It appears that intramuscular IL‐6 is stimulated by complex signaling cascades initiated by both calcium (Ca2+) ‐dependent and ‐independent stimuli. It also seems likely that skeletal muscle produces IL‐6 to aid in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during periods of altered metabolic demand such as muscular exercise or insulin stimulation. It may do so via local and/or systemic effects. This review also explores the efficacy that IL‐6 may be used as a therapeutic drug in treating metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis.—Febbraio, M. A., Pedersen, B. K. Muscle‐derived interleukin 6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles. FASEB J. 16, 1335–1347 (2002)
Estrogen regulates development of the somatic cell phenotype in the eutherian ovary
Authors: BRITT KARA L. , KERR JEFF , O'DONNELL LIZA , JONES MARGARET E. E. , DRUMMOND ANN E. , DAVIS SUSAN R. , SIMPSON EVAN R. , FINDLAY JOCK K. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTSteroids play a critical role in gonadal differentiation in birds, reptiles, and amphibia whereas gonadal differentiation in mammals is thought to be determined by genetic mechanisms. The gonads of female mice incapable of synthesizing estrogens due to disruption of the aromatase gene (ArKO) provide a unique model to test the role of estrogen in regulating the gonadal phenotype. We have shown that in the absence of estrogen, genetically female mice develop testicular tissue within their ovaries. The ovaries develop cells that possess structural and functional characteristics of testicular interstitial cells and of seminiferous tubule‐like structures lined with Sertoli cells. Moreover, the ovaries express mRNA for the testis‐specific Sertoli cell transcription factor Sox 9 and espin protein, which is specific for inter‐Sertoli cell junctions. The development of the testicular tissue in this model can be reverted/postponed by replacing estrogen. When ArKO female mice were fed a diet containing phytoestrogens, the appearance of Leydig and Sertoli cells was postponed and reduced. Furthermore, administration of estradiol‐17J decreased the number of Sertoli and Leydig cells in the ovaries. These findings constitute definitive evidence that estrogen plays a critical role in maintaining female somatic interstitial and granulosa cells in the eutherian ovary.—Britt, K. L., Kerr, J., O'Donnell, L., Jones, M. E. E., Drummond, A. E., Davis, S. R., Simpson, E. R., Findlay, J. K. Estrogen regulates development of the somatic cell phenotype in the eutherian ovary. FASEB J. 16, 1389–1397 (2002)
Differential effects of leptin on thermoregulation and uncoupling protein abundance in the neonatal lamb
Authors: Mostyn Alison , Bispham Jayson , Pearce Sarah , Evens Yvonne , Raver Nina , Keisler Duane H. , Webb Robert , Stephenson Terence , Symonds Michael E. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTAs the role of leptin in energy balance in neonate is unknown, we investigated the effect of acute (2 h) and chronic (7 days) administration of leptin (100 μg/day) on thermoregulation and mitochondrial protein abundance in adipose tissue. The concentration of uncoupling protein (UCP)1 and voltage‐dependent anion channel (VDAC) located on the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, respectively, were measured. Administration of leptin prevented the normal decline in colonic temperature over the first few hours and days after birth. It subsequently accelerated the loss of both mRNA and protein for UCP1 but had no effect on VDAC abundance. At seven days of age, colonic temperature was correlated strongly with both mRNA abundance and thermogenic potential of UCP1 in leptin‐treated but not control lambs, indicating more effective use of UCP1 for heat production following leptin administration. Leptin had no effect on weight gain or adipose tissue deposition; at one day of age only, leptin mRNA was correlated positively with adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, leptin administration to neonatal lambs improves thermoregulation and promotes the loss of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue.
Expression of Concern: Bcl‐2 overexpression in human melanoma cells increases angiogenesis through VEGF mRNA stabilization and HIF‐1mediated transcriptional activity
Authors: Iervolino Angela , Trisciuoglio Daniela , Ribatti Domenico , Candiloro Antonio , Biroccio Annamaria , Zupi Gabriella , Del Bufalo Donatella 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to study the molecular mechanisms by which bcl‐2 increases hypoxiainduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We demonstrated that bcl‐2 overexpression in M14 human melanoma cell line enhances hypoxia‐induced VEGF mRNA stability and promoter activation. In particular, the half‐life of the message was longer in bcl‐2 transfectants (approximately 330 min) than in control cells (approximately 180 min). In addition, bcl‐2 overexpression increased VEGF promoter activity through the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) transcription factor. Increased HIF‐1α protein expression and DNA binding activity were detected in bcl‐2 overexpressing cells compared with control cells. An enhanced functional activity of secreted VEGF was found both in in vitro and in vivo angiogenic assays, and the use of VEGF specific antibodies validated the role of VEGF on bcl‐2‐induced angiogenesis. Taken together our results indicate that bcl‐2 plays an important role in melanoma angiogenesis, and that VEGF mRNA stabilization and HIF‐1‐mediated transcriptional activity are two important control points in bcl‐2/hypoxia‐induced VEGF expression.
3H‐thymidine is a defective tool with which to measure rates of DNA synthesis
Authors: Hu Valerie W. , Black Gavin E. , Torres‐Duarte Armida , Abramson Fred P. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTMetabolic incorporation of 3H‐thymidine into cellular DNA is a widely used protocol to monitor rates of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. However, this radiochemical has also been reported to induce cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis in addition to DNA damage. Using stable isotope‐labeled thymidine, we demonstrate that 3H‐thymidine induces dose‐dependent inhibition of the rate of DNA synthesis. This inhibition occurred within the first round of replication after addition of the radiolabeled tracer and demonstrates the cytotoxic effects of conventional doses of 3H‐thymidine (typically ≥ 1 μCi/ml). These results thus show that stable isotope methods are superior to radioisotopes for determining rates of DNA synthesis and cell replication. Because 3H‐thymidine perturbs the very process it was employed to study, experiments using 3Hthymidine to monitor DNA synthesis and cell proliferation should be interpreted with caution.
Reduced tumor growth, experimental metastasis formation, and angiogenesis in rats with a hyperreactive dopaminergic system
Authors: Teunis Marc A.T. , Kavelaars Annemieke , Voest Emile , Bakker Joost M. , Ellenbroek Bart. A. , Cools Alexander R. , Heijnen Cobi J. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTOutgrowth of solid tumors requires blood supply to the tumor. Tumor angiogenesis is dependent on the interplay between tumor‐derived angiogenic factors and stromal cells. Recently, it has been shown that the neurotransmitter dopamine is a potent inhibitor of VEGF‐induced angiogenesis. Moreover, there is evidence that patients with schizophrenia have a hyperreactive dopaminergic system and are relatively protected from cancer.We hypothesized that hyperreactivity of the dopaminergic system is related to reduced angiogenesis and tumor development. Therefore, we investigated tumor growth and angiogenesis in two lines of Wistar rats with high (APO‐SUS) or low (APO‐UNSUS) dopaminergic reactivity. Subcutaneous implants of mammary adenocarcinoma cells (MADB106) in matrigel remained 35% smaller in APO‐SUS rats than in APO‐UNSUS rats (P<0.01). Moreover, APO‐SUS rats developed less lung metastases after i.v. administration of MADB106 tumor cells. Furthermore, hemoglobin content (APO‐SUS: 40.6±7.6; APO‐UNSUS: 76.9±13 mg/dl, P<0.05) and expression of the endothelial determinant PECAM‐1 in tumors from APO‐SUS rats were reduced (APO‐SUS: 37±18; APO‐UNSUS 69±25 units, P<0.01), indicating that reduced angiogenesis is responsible for reduced tumor development in APO‐SUS rats. These results suggest a novel link between dopaminergic reactivity, angiogenesis, and tumor development and may explain part of the individual differences in cancer progression.
Biodegradation of the Polyketide Toxin Cercosporin
Authors: Mitchell Thomas K. , Chilton William Scott , Daub Margaret E. 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACTCercosporin is a non-host-specific polyketide toxin produced by many species of plant pathogens belonging to the genusCercospora. This red-pigmented, light-activated toxin is an important pathogenicity determinant forCercosporaspecies. In this study, we screened 244 bacterial isolates representing 12 different genera for the ability to degrade cercosporin. Cercosporin degradation was determined by screening for the presence of cleared zones surrounding colonies on cercosporin-containing culture medium and was confirmed by assaying the kinetics of degradation in liquid medium. Bacteria belonging to four different genera exhibited the cercosporin-degrading phenotype. The isolates with the greatest cercosporin-degrading activity belonged toXanthomonas campestrispv. zinniae andX. campestrispv. pruni. Isolates of these pathovars removed over 90% of the cercosporin from culture medium within 48 h. Bacterial degradation of red cercosporin was accompanied by a shift in the color of the growth medium to brown and then green. The disappearance of cercosporin was accompanied by the appearance of a transient green product, designated xanosporic acid. Xanosporic acid and its more stable lactone derivative, xanosporolactone, are nontoxic to cercosporin-sensitive fungi and to plant tissue and are labile in the presence of light. Detailed spectroscopic analysis (to be reported in a separate publication) of xanosporolactone revealed that cercosporin loses one methoxyl group and gains one oxygen atom in the bacterial conversion. The resulting chromophore (4,9-dihydroxy-3-oxaperlylen-10H-10-one) has never been reported before but is biosynthetically plausible via oxygen insertion by a cytochrome P-450 enzyme.
Correspondence of High Levels of Beta-Exotoxin I and the Presence of
cry1B
in
Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Espinasse Sylvain , Gohar Michel , Chaufaux Josette , Buisson Christophe , Perchat Stéphane , Sanchis Vincent 
Published: August 2002

ABSTRACT

Examination of 640 natural isolates of
Bacillus thuringiensis
showed that the 58 strains (9%) whose supernatants were toxic to
Anthonomus grandis
(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) produced between 10 and 175 μg of β-exotoxin I per ml. We also found that 55 (46%) of a sample of 118 strains whose culture supernatants were not toxic to
A. grandis
nevertheless produced between 2 and 5 μg/ml. However, these amounts of β-exotoxin I were below the threshold for detectable toxicity against this insect species. Secretion of large amounts of β-exotoxin I was strongly associated with the presence of
cry1B
and
vip2
genes in the 640 natural
B. thuringiensis
isolates studied. We concluded that strains carrying
cry1B
and
vip2
genes also possess, on the same plasmid, genetic determinants necessary to promote high levels of production of β-exotoxin I.