bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Mixed Phosphate‐Pyrophosphate Materials for Aqueous and Non‐Aqueous Na‐ion Batteries
Authors: Gečė Gintarė , Zarrabeitia Maider , Pilipavičius Jurgis , Passerini Stefano , Vilčiauskas Linas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNa‐ion batteries based on abundant and sustainable materials might become one of the leading alternative technologies especially suitable for large‐scale stationary storage. Various (mixed)phosphate framework materials are attracting much interest mainly due to their high structural stability and diversity. In this study, we report on the successful synthesis of mixed phosphate‐pyrophosphate Na7V4(PO4)(P2O7)4, Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7, and Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7. The electrochemical properties of these materials are comprehensively characterized in different organic and aqueous electrolytes. The findings reveal that Na7V4(PO4)(P2O7)4 and Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 exhibit very good cycling performance and rate capability in organic solvent‐based electrolytes. However, their performance deteriorates significantly even in ‘water‐in‐salt’ aqueous electrolytes due to the rapid electrochemical degradation. Na4Mn3(PO4)2P2O7 demonstrates limited electrochemical activity in organic electrolytes and virtually no activity in ‘water‐in‐salt’ electrolytes, likely due to degradation processes resulting in blocking interphasial layers on electrode particles. These results underscore the need for further research to optimize the performance of these materials and identify potential strategies for enhancing their stability and activity in different electrolytes.
Biofunctional Inorganic Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrid Enhances Immunotherapeutic Effect on Atopic Dermatitis Treatment
Authors: Byun Min Ji , Seo Hee Seung , Lee Joonghak , Ban Kitae , Oh Serim , Lee Yun Young , Lim Jaesung , Lee Na Kyeong , Wang Chi‐Pin James , Kim Minjeong , Han Jun‐Hyeok , Park Juwon , Paik Taejong , Park Hee Ho , Park Tae‐Eun , Park Wooram , Kim Se‐Na , Park Dae‐Hwan , Park Chun Gwon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a widespread, recurrent, and chronic inflammatory skin condition that imposes a major burden on patients. Conventional treatments, such as corticosteroids, are associated with various side effects, underscoring the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study, the possibility of using indole‐3‐acetic acid‐loaded layered double hydroxides (IAA‐LDHs) is evaluated as a novel treatment for AD. IAA is an auxin‐class plant hormone with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects. Following the synthesis of IAA‐LDH nanohybrids, their ability to induce M2‐like macrophage polarization in macrophages obtained from mouse bone marrow is assessed. The antioxidant activity of IAA‐LDH is quantified by assessing the decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The anti‐inflammatory and anti‐atopic characteristics of IAA‐LDH are evaluated in a mouse model of AD by examining the cutaneous tissues, immunological organs, and cells. The findings suggest that IAA‐LDH has great therapeutic potential as a candidate for AD treatment based on its in vitro and in vivo modulation of AD immunology, enhancement of macrophage polarization, and antioxidant activity. This inorganic drug delivery technology represents a promising new avenue for the development of safe and effective AD treatments.
A Brief Overview of Silicon Nanoparticles as Anode Material: A Transition from Lithium‐Ion to Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fereydooni Alireza , Yue Chenghao , Chao Yimin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe successful utilization of silicon nanoparticles (Si‐NPs) to enhance the performance of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) has demonstrated their potential as high‐capacity anode materials for next‐generation LIBs. Additionally, the availability and relatively low cost of sodium resources have a significant influence on developing Na‐ion batteries (SIBs). Despite the unique properties of Si‐NPs as SIBs anode material, limited study has been conducted on their application in these batteries. However, the knowledge gained from using Si‐NPs in LIBs can be applied to develop Si‐based anodes in SIBs by employing similar strategies to overcome their drawbacks. In this review, a brief history of Si‐NPs' usage in LIBs is provided and discuss the strategies employed to overcome the challenges, aiming to inspire and offer valuable insights to guide future research endeavors.
Experimental investigations of the bond strength between iron tailing concrete and steel bars
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Duan Yajing , Yang Mingjing , Sun Jianheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFly ash, river sand, and ordinary gravel, which are used in concrete as the admixture, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate, respectively, were replaced by iron tailing powder, sand, and gravel. The influence of the iron tailings on the bond properties between concrete and steel bar was studied by conducting pull‐out tests on 16 groups and 48 specimens. At a curing age of 90 days, the splitting tensile strength of the iron tailing powder concrete (ITPC) for strength grades C25 and C30 was the lowest and was only 71.8% and 66.6% of the splitting tensile strength for the corresponding strength grade of conventional concrete (CC). The lower splitting tensile strength of ITPC caused the bond strength between the concrete and steel bar to be lower than that between the CC and steel bar, with a maximum difference of 14.67%. The bond strength between the iron tailing powder–sand concrete (ITPSC) and steel bar was slightly worse than that between the CC and steel bar, with a maximum difference of 6.88%, and better than that between the ITPC and steel bar. The bond strength between the full iron tailing concrete and steel bar was better than those between the CC and steel bar and between the ITPSC and steel bar. In addition, the bond slip characteristics were investigated.
Metal Negatrode Supercapatteries: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Johan Bashir Ahmed , Ali Saad , Shuaibu Abubakar Dahiru , Shah Syed Shaheen , Alzahrani Atif Saeed , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal negatrode supercapattery (MNSC) is an emerging technology that combines the high energy storage capabilities of batteries with the high‐power delivery of supercapacitors, thereby offering promising solutions for various applications, such as energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronics. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of the potential of MNSCs as a prospective energy storage technology. MNSCs utilize a specific configuration in which the negatrode consists of a metal or metal‐rich electrode, such as sodium, aluminum, potassium, or zinc, whereas the positrode functions as a supercapacitor electrode. The utilization of negatrodes with low electrochemical potential and high electrical conductivity is crucial for achieving high specific energy in energy storage devices, despite facing numerous challenges. The present study discusses the design and fabrication aspects of MNSCs, including the selection of appropriate metal negatrodes, electrolytes, and positrodes, alongside the fundamental operational mechanisms. Additionally, this review explores the challenges encountered in MNSCs and proposes solutions to enhance their performance, such as addressing dendrite formation and instability of metal electrodes.
Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induces ferroptosis in prepubertal mouse testes via the lipid metabolism pathway
Authors: Wang Xia , Li Dinggang , Zheng Xiangqin , Hong Yifan , Zhao Jie , Deng Wei , Wang Mingxin , Shen Lianju , Long Chunlan , Wei Guanghui , Wu Shengde 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a widely used plasticizer, has been shown to cause reproductive toxicity, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the possible molecular mechanism of DEHP‐induced testicular damage. In vivo study, we administered different doses of DEHP (0, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day) to male C57BL/6 mice from 22 and 35 days after birth. We found that DEHP exposure induced histopathological alterations in prepubertal testes, and testicular lipidomics indicated notable alterations in lipid metabolism and significant enrichment of ferroptosis. Further tests showed that ferrous iron (Fe2+) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased after DEHP exposure. Western blotting revealed that DEHP exposure reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and elevated acyl coenzyme A synthetase long‐chain member 4 (ACSL4) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) expression. The in vitro results were consistent with the in vivo results. When Leydig cells and Sertoli cells were treated with ferrostatin‐1 and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), MEHP‐induced increases in Fe2+ and MDA levels, accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species, downregulation of GPX4, and upregulation of ACSL4 and LPCAT3 were reversed. Collectively, our findings suggested that aberrant lipid metabolism and ferroptosis may be involved in prepubertal DEHP exposure‐induced testicular damage.
Prevalence of porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3 in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea
Authors: Park Seok‐Chan , Kim Suwon , Jeong Tae‐Won , Oh Byungkwan , Lim Chae Woong , Kim Bumseok 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundPorcine circovirus, a non‐enveloped single‐stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, is a major pathogen of porcine circovirus‐associated disease. Porcine circovirus 3, a novel porcine circovirus, has been identified in individuals with clinical symptoms.ObjectivesThe prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 and the confirmation of diagnosis of this emerging viral disease have not been fully studied yet. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea between 2018 and 2019.MethodsLungs and hilar lymph nodes of healthy pigs slaughtered in slaughterhouses and captured wild pigs were collected, and viruses were detected by multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction and two staining methods (in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry) to confirm the presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3.ResultsPositive rates of porcine circovirus 2 in lungs and hilar lymph nodes were 78.1% (75/96) and 89.5% (86/96) in slaughtered pigs, respectively. They were 18.0% (30/167) and 46.3% (24/55) in wild boars, respectively. Positive rates of porcine circovirus 3 in lungs and hilar lymph nodes were 30.2% (29/96) and 13.5% (13/96) in slaughtered pigs, respectively. They were 4.2% (7/167) and 5.5% (3/55) in wild boars, respectively. At the farm level, positive rates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 were 97.9% (47/48) and 54.2% (26/48), respectively. Positive rates of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 decreased in spring. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in lungs, but not porcine circovirus 3 in the hilar lymph nodes.ConclusionThese results suggest that the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 might vary depending on the season and the type of sample. Wild boars might play a role in the epidemiology of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine circovirus 3 in South Korea. Continuous surveillance and further study are needed for this emerging disease.
Probing new physics through entanglement in diboson production
Authors: Aoude Rafael , Madge Eric , Maltoni Fabio , Mantani Luca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Pair production of heavy vector bosons is a key process at colliders: it allows to test our understanding of the Standard Model and to explore the existence of new physics through precision measurements of production rates and differential distributions. New physics effects can be subtle and often require observables specifically designed for their detection. In this study, we focus on quantum information observables that characterise the spin states of the final diboson system. We analyse concurrence bounds, purity, and Bell inequalities for a bipartite qutrit system representing two massive gauge bosons. Our findings show that quantum spin observables can serve as complementary probes for heavy new physics as parametrised by higher dimensional operators in the Standard Model effective field theory. In particular, we find that these observables offer increased sensitivity to operators whose contributions do not interfere with the Standard Model amplitudes at the level of differential cross sections.
Non-Lorentzian IIB supergravity from a polynomial realization of SL(2, ℝ)
Authors: Bergshoeff Eric A. , Grosvenor Kevin T. , Lahnsteiner Johannes , Yan Ziqi , Zorba Utku 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We derive the action and symmetries of the bosonic sector of non-Lorentzian IIB supergravity by taking the non-relativistic string limit. We find that the bosonic field content is extended by a Lagrange multiplier that implements a restriction on the Ramond-Ramond fluxes. We show that the SL(2, ℝ) transformation rules of non-Lorentzian IIB supergravity form a novel, nonlinear polynomial realization. Using classical invariant theory of polynomial equations and binary forms, we will develop a general formalism describing the polynomial realization of SL(2, ℝ) and apply it to the special case of non-Lorentzian IIB supergravity. Using the same formalism, we classify all the relevant SL(2, ℝ) invariants. Invoking other bosonic symmetries, such as the local boost and dilatation symmetry, we show how the bosonic part of the non-Lorentzian IIB supergravity action is formed uniquely from these SL(2, ℝ) invariants. This work also points towards the concept of a non-Lorentzian bootstrap, where bosonic symmetries in non-Lorentzian supergravity are used to bootstrap the bosonic dynamics in Lorentzian supergravity, without considering the fermions.
The endpoint of partial deconfinement
Authors: Berenstein David , Yan Kai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We study the matrix quantum mechanics of two free hermitian N × N matrices subject to a singlet constraint in the microcanonical ensemble. This is the simplest example of a theory that at large N has a confinement/deconfinement transition. In the microcanonical ensemble, it also exhibits partial deconfinement with a Hagedorn density of states. We argue that the entropy of these configurations, based on a combinatorial counting of Young diagrams, are dominated by Young diagrams that have the VKLS shape. When the shape gets to the maximal depth allowed for a Young diagram of SU(N), namely N, we argue that the system stops exhibiting the Hagedorn behavior. The number of boxes (energy) at the transition is N2/4, independent of the charge of the state.
NIKE-MED – Nachhaltige Interdisziplinarität in Komplexen Einsätzen unter Tage – MEDical Treatment
Authors: Galler Robert , Wenighofer Robert , Karlseder Markus , Roszipal Benjamin , Egger-Lampl Sebastian , Lindenthal Michael , Juen Barbara , Kratzer Dietmar , Hofer Peter , Wegscheider Thomas , Fischer Philip , Eder Julian , Resch Christian , Kern Hannes 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Projekt NIKE-MED zielt darauf ab, die Effizienz und Effektivität der Einsatzkräfte bei der Bewältigung von Notfällen insbesondere bei Großschadensereignissen zu erhöhen, um die Sicherheit der betroffenen Personen zu gewährleisten. Komplexe Einsätze unter Tage sind mit einem Massenanfall von Opfern mit sehr spezifischen Verletzungsmustern, die man aus bewaffneten Konflikten kennt (Vergiftungen, Verbrennungen, Schuss- und Splitterverletzungen, Verletzungen durch großflächige mechanische Gewalteinwirkung) sowie besonderen Herausforderungen (Kontamination, Dynamiken großer Menschenmengen) verbunden. Basierend auf einem Referenzszenario, in welchem vergangene Ereignisse zu einer hochkomplexen untertägigen Lage verdichtet wurden, konnten Abläufe evaluiert und eine Applikation für die Einsatzkräfte zur Optimierung der notfallmedizinischen Versorgung entwickelt werden. In weiterer Folge wird es nötig sein, Erfordernisse für die Entwicklung strategischer Reservekapazitäten abzuleiten, um für derartige Fälle gerüstet zu sein.
Hermitian Yang–Mills connections on pullback bundles
Authors: Sektnan Lars Martin , Tipler Carl 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate hermitian Yang–Mills connections on pullback bundles with respect to adiabatic classes on the total space of holomorphic submersions with connected fibres. Under some technical assumptions on the graded object of a Jordan–Hölder filtration, we obtain a necessary and sufficient criterion for when the pullback of a strictly semistable vector bundle will carry an hermitian Yang–Mills connection, in terms of intersection numbers on the base of the submersion. Together with the classical Donaldson–Uhlenbeck–Yau correspondence, we deduce that the pullback of a stable (resp. unstable) bundle remains stable (resp. unstable) for adiabatic classes, and settle the semi-stable case.
Country-level effects of diagnosis-related groups: evidence from Germany’s comprehensive reform of hospital payments
Authors: Messerle Robert , Schreyögg Jonas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHospitals account for about 40% of all healthcare expenditure in high-income countries and play a central role in healthcare provision. The ways in which they are paid, therefore, has major implications for the care they provide. However, our knowledge about reforms that have been made to the various payment schemes and their country-level effects is surprisingly thin. This study examined the uniquely comprehensive introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) in Germany, where DRGs function as the sole pricing, billing, and budgeting system for hospitals and almost exclusively determine hospital revenue. The introduction of DRGs, therefore, completely overhauled the previous system based on per diem rates, offering a unique opportunity for analysis. Using aggregate data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and recent advances in econometrics, we analyzed how hospital activity and efficiency changed in response to the reform. We found that DRGs in Germany significantly increased hospital activity by around 20%. In contrast to earlier studies, we found that DRGs have not necessarily shortened the average length of stay.
Virulence of Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini on Pinus nigra and P. mugo under conditions of natural infection
Authors: Jánošíková Zuzana , Kobza Marek , Ondrušková Emília , Ostrovský Radovan , Pažitný Jozef , Adamčíková Katarína 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a severe needle disease of pines worldwide, caused by two closely related species, Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini. The two fungal species are similar not only in their morphological characteristics, but also cause very similar symptoms in their hosts, and have a similar ecology. The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of the two Dothistroma species in natural infection experiments on 2-year-old seedlings of two DNB susceptible pine species, Pinus nigra and P. mugo, in two seedling stands for each pathogen species. The virulence of the pathogens and presence of symptoms (symptomatic needles, red bands and acervuli) were assessed after 2 years of exposure to inoculum. The incidence of seedlings with DNB symptoms was 65% and 76% for P. nigra and P. mugo, respectively. No difference was found between D. septosporum and D. pini in any of the three DNB symptoms evaluated on seedlings of P. mugo. However, symptoms of disease differed between the two Dothistroma species on P. nigra. Variables that reflect the intensity of disease development, the number of red bands and acervuli per needle, showed a difference in virulence between D. septosporum and D. pini, but only in the case of the host species P. nigra. The results suggest that the virulence of the two Dothistroma species could be affected by host pine species and that there are differences in the susceptibility of individual pine species to D. septosporum and D. pini. Further factors could affect the virulence of these pathogens, including isolate origin, climatic or environmental factors.
Enhancing biodiversity conservation and monitoring in protected areas through efficient data management
Authors: Urbano Ferdinando , Viterbi Ramona , Pedrotti Luca , Vettorazzo Enrico , Movalli Cristina , Corlatti Luca 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA scientifically informed approach to decision-making is key to ensuring the sustainable management of ecosystems, especially in the light of increasing human pressure on habitats and species. Protected areas, with their long-term institutional mandate for biodiversity conservation, play an important role as data providers, for example, through the long-term monitoring of natural resources. However, poor data management often limits the use and reuse of this wealth of information. In this paper, we share lessons learned in managing long-term data from the Italian Alpine national parks. Our analysis and examples focus on specific issues faced by managers of protected areas, which partially differ from those faced by academic researchers, predominantly owing to different mission, governance, and temporal perspectives. Rigorous data quality control, the use of appropriate data management tools, and acquisition of the necessary skills remain the main obstacles. Common protocols for data collection offer great opportunities for the future, and complete recovery and documentation of time series is an urgent priority. Notably, before data can be shared, protected areas should improve their data management systems, a task that can be achieved only with adequate resources and a long-term vision. We suggest strategies that protected areas, funding agencies, and the scientific community can embrace to address these problems. The added value of our work lies in promoting engagement with managers of protected areas and in reporting and analysing their concrete requirements and problems, thereby contributing to the ongoing discussion on data management and sharing through a bottom-up approach.
Does Abortion Liberalisation Accelerate Fertility Decline? A Worldwide Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Fernández Juan J. , Juif Dácil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSince WWII, the two most important global trends in family planning have been fertility decline and abortion liberalisation. But are they related? Specifically: Does abortion liberalisation affect changes in fertility rates? The demographic literature has yet to answer this important question and instead offers two opposing predictions. Some studies argue that liberalisation of this medical procedure reduces fertility rates. By contrast, others note that such legal reforms may merely have an average, negligible effect on fertility levels. We adjudicate between the two approaches by conducting, in our view, the most comprehensive global, quantitative analysis of the relationship between those legal reforms and changing fertility rates. The analysis relies on two-way fixed models and three different indicators of abortion policy liberalism created by independent research teams to estimate the relationship between abortion liberalisation and total fertility changes. The data cover 185 independent states between 1970 and 2019. Fertility rates are significantly related to average public education levels and alternative contraceptive use. Using multiple model specifications, however, abortion reforms do not have a robust association with the outcome. Replication materials for this article can be found at https://figshare.com/s/5336a4422f47c8c39228.