bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drei neue Ethanidiodide des Lanthans: La5I9(C2), La6I10(C2) und La10I15(C2)2
Authors: Mattausch Hansjürgen , Hoch Constantin , Simon Arndt 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThree New Ethanide Iodides of La: La5I9(C2), La6I10(C2) and La10I15(C2)2The reaction of La, LaI3 und C (4 : 5 : 3) yields the unknown compounds La5I9(C2) at 800 °C, La6I10(C2) at 850 °C, and La10I15(C2)2 at 900 °C. They crystallize in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 8.006(2) Å, b = 10.088(2) Å, c = 14.383(3) Å, α = 79.34(3)°, β = 80.75(2)° and γ = 85.07(3)° for La5I9(C2), a = 9.687(1) Å, b = 9.728(1) Å, c = 7.955(1) Å, α = 97.34(1)°, β = 105.56(1)° and γ = 107.81(1)° for La6I10(C2) and a = 9.747(1) Å, b = 10.655(1) Å, c = 11.736(1) Å, α = 93.68(1)°, β = 114.44(1)° and γ = 109.28(1)° for La10I15(C2)2. As characteristic building units the crystal structure of La5I9(C2) contains trigonal bipyramids of La atoms, La6I10(C2) La octahedra, and La10I15(C2)2 La double octahedra. These La building units are centered by C2 dumbbells with d(C‐C) ranging from 1.41(1) Å to 1.47(1) Å. The black compounds are sensitive to moisture.
Bis–(5,5′–diethylbarbiturato) Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) Complexes with Ethylenediamine. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of cis–[Cu(barb)2(en)] and {[Cd(barb)2(μ–en)]·2H2O}n
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Kazak Canan 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo new bis(5,5′–diethylbarbiturato) (barb) complexes of copper(II) and cadmium(II) with ethylenediamine (en) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT–IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. In addition, their solid–state structures were determined by single crystal X–ray diffraction studies. cis–[Cu(barb)2(en)] (1) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group of C2/c and consists of neutral monomeric units, in which the copper(II) ion exhibit a highly distorted octahedral coordination by two barb anions and a neutral chelating en ligand. The individual molecules of 1 are held together by N–H···O hydrogen bonds, forming a three–dimensional network. {[Cd(barb)2(μ–en)]·2H2O}n (2) is a one–dimensional coordination polymer and also crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system (P21/c). In 2, [Cd(barb)2(en)] building blocks are connected into a chain by bridging NH2 groups of en, and the individual chains are further stacked by O–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonds to form a three–dimensional supramolecular framework. The barb ligands in both complexes act as a bidentate ligands via the negatively charged imino N atom and one of the carbonyl O atoms adjacent to the imino N atom. The M–O bond distances in both complexes are much longer than M–N bond distances, indicating a weak interaction of the carbonyl group of barb.
Coordination Chemistry of Acrylamide: 1. Cobalt(II) Chloride Complexes with Acrylamide – Synthesis and Crystal Structures
Authors: Girma K. B. , Lorenz Volker , Blaurock Steffen , Edelmann Frank T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe molecular structures of blue dichloro‐tetrakis(acrylamide) cobalt(II), [Co{O‐OC(NH2)CH=CH2}4Cl2] (1) and pink hexakis(acrylamide)cobalt(II) tetrachlorocobaltate(II), [Co{O‐OC‐(NH2)CH=CH2}6][CoCl4] (2), characterized by single X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, are described. The coordination of CoII in 1 involves a tetragonally distorted octahedral structure with four O‐donor atoms of acrylamide in the equatorial positions and two chloride ions in the apical positions. The second complex 2 in ionic form contains CoII cations surrounded by an octahedral array of O‐coordinated acrylamide ligands, accompanied by a [CoCl4]2− anion.
Reaktive E=C(p‐p)π‐Systeme. 54 [1] Reaktionen des Perfluor‐2‐arsapropens, F3CAs=CF2 (1), mit H‐aciden Verbindungen Me2EH (E = N, P, As) und MeE′H (E′ = O, S, Se)
Authors: Albers Thomas , Grobe Joseph , Maulitz Andreas H. , Würthwein Ernst‐Ulrich 
Published: May 2005

AbstractReactive E=C(p‐p)π‐Systems. 54 [1] Reactions of perfluoro‐2‐arsapropene, F3CAs=CF2 (1), with H‐acidic compounds Me2EH (E = N, P, As) and MeE′H (E′ = O, S, Se)The reactions of the perfluoro‐2‐arsapropene (1) with H‐acidic compounds Me2EH (E = N, P, As) and MeE′H (E′ = O, S, Se), respectively, proceed via addition to the As=C double bond yielding either secondary arsanes F3C(H)AsCF2X (X = NMe2, PMe2, OMe, SMe) or AsX derivatives (X = AsMe2, SeMe). Me2‐AsH is obviously a border case nucleophile because, besides the AsX derivative as main product, small amounts of the arsane are formed indicative for the reverse addition pathway. With the strong base Me2NH, the addition is followed immediately by HF elimination producing the fairly stable arsaalkene F3CAs=C(F)NMe2 (4) which had already been obtained by reaction of HAs(CF3)2 with three equivalents of Me2NH. The novel rather labile compounds were identified by spectroscopic (NMR, GC/MS) investigations. – Quantum chemical DFT calculations [B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)] were carried out to determine the relative energy of the isomeric products and the thermodynamics of the addition reactions.
(A19N7)[In4]2 (A = Ca, Sr) and (Ca4N)[In2]: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Physical Properties, and Chemical Bonding
Authors: Kirchner Martin , Schnelle Walter , Wagner Frank R. , Kniep Rüdiger , Niewa Rainer 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSingle phase powders of (A19N7)[In4]2 (A = Ca, Sr) and (Ca4N)[In2] were prepared by reaction of melt beads of the metallic components with nitrogen. The crystal structure of (Ca19N7)[In4]2 was refined based on neutron and X‐ray powder diffraction data. The crystal structure of (Sr19N7)[In4]2 was solved from the X‐ray powder pattern. The structure refinements in combination with results from chemical analyses ascertain the compositions. The compounds (A19N7)[In4]2 (A = Ca, Sr) are isotypes of (Ca19N7)[Ag4]2; (Ca19N7)[In4]2 is probably identical to the earlier reported (Ca18.5N7)[In4]2. The crystal structure of the isotypes (A19N7)[In4]2 (A = Ca, Sr; cubic, $Fm{\bar 3}m$, Ca: a = 1471.65(3) pm; Sr: a = 1561.0(1) pm) contains isolated [In4] tetrahedra embedded in a framework of edge‐ and vertex‐sharing (A6N) octahedra. Six of these octahedra are condensed by edge‐sharing around one central A2+ ion to form “superoctahedra” (A19N6) which are connected three‐dimensionally via further octahedra by corner‐sharing. The crystal structure of (Ca4N)[In2] (tetragonal, I41/amd, a = 491.14(4) pm, c = 2907.7(3) pm) consists of alternating layers of perovskite type slabs of vertex‐sharing octahedra (Ca2Ca4/2N) and parallel arranged infinite zigzag chains [In2]. In the sense of Zintl‐type counting the compounds (A2+)19(N3−)7[(In2.125−)4]2 present an electron excess, (Ca2+)4(N3−)[(In2.5−)2] is electron deficient. Metallic properties are supported by electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The analysis of the electronic structures gives evidence for the existence of homoatomic interactions In–In and significant heteroatomic metal–metal interactions Ca–In which favor the deviations of the title compounds from the (8 – N) rule.
Supramolecular Assembling through Anionic Iodine Secondary Bonds: Synthesis and X‐ray Characterization of (Et4N)[PhTeI4] and (Et4N)[(β‐Naphthyl)TeI4]
Authors: Schulz Lang Ernesto , Manzoni de Oliveira Gelson , Nanci Ledesma Gabriela 
Published: May 2005

Abstract[PhTe]2 and [(β‐naphthyl)Te]2 react with iodine and tetraethylammonium iodide in toluene/methanol to give (Et4N)[PhTeI4] and (Et4N)[(β‐Naphthyl)TeI4]. The complexes were analysed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction affording the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c. In the novel compounds only anionic interactions of the types Te···I and I···I take place, cation‐anion effective contacts do not occur. Both anions [PhTeI4] and [(β‐naphthyl)TeI4] exhibit square pyramidal coordination at tellurium, with the iodine atoms in the basal positions and the organic groups apical. The tellurium centers achieve an octahedral coordination in the whole lattices through Te···I secondary bonds with the adjacent ionic species. Only the Te–I‐ and I–I‐secondary bonds behave as structure‐forming interactions in the self‐organization of the supramolecular anionic gatherings. New evidences show that for organyltellurates (Q)[PhTeX4] (Q = protonated amines, amides or amino acids; X = Cl, Br, I), NH···X hydrogen bondings are able to hinder the anionic halogen‐halogen secondary interactions. In case of the more frequent I···I interactions, they have been observed only in the absence of NH···I hydrogen bonds.
Oxidative Addition von N‐Chlortriphenylphosphanimin an Phosphortrichlorid und Antimontrichlorid. Kristallstrukturen von (Cl3PNPPh3)2[PCl6][ClHCl],[SbCl4(HNPPh3)2][SbCl6] und [Sb(NPPh3)4][SbCl6]
Authors: Neumüller Bernhard , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: May 2005

AbstractOxidative Addition of N‐chlorotriphenylphosphoraneimine onto Phosphorus(III) Chloride and Antimony(III) Chloride. Crystal Structures of (Cl3PNPPh3)2[PCl6][ClHCl], [SbCl4(HNPPh3)2][SbCl6], and [Sb(NPPh3)4][SbCl6]Phosphorus(III) chloride reacts with N‐chlorotriphenylphosphoraneimine, ClNPPh3, in CH2Cl2 solution strongly exothermically via oxidative addition to give (Cl3PNPPh3)2[PCl6][ClHCl] (1). As a by‐product, Ph3PNP(O)Cl2 can be obtained, which is formed from PCl3 and ClNPPh3 in the presence of POCl3. In contrast to these results, antimony(III) chloride reacts with ClNPPh3 in CH2Cl2 solution to give a mixture of the phosphoraneimine complex [SbCl4(HNPPh3)2][SbCl6] (2) and the phosphoraneiminato complex [Sb(NPPh3)4][SbCl6] (3). The complexes 1‐3 were characterized by IR spectroscopy and by single crystal X‐ray determinations.1: Space group C2/c, Z = 4, lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 3282.0(2), b = 798.7(1), c = 1926.1(2) pm, β = 107.96(1)°, R1 = 0.0302. 1 contains [Cl3PNPPh3]+ cations with PN bond lengths of 152.5(2) and 160.9(2) pm, and a PNP bond angle of 140.5(1)°.2·CH2Cl2: Space group ${\rm P}{\bar 1}$, Z = 2, lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = 1031.2(1), b = 1448.3(2), c = 1811,4(2) pm, α = 70.96(1)°, β = 87.67(1)°, γ = 75.37(1)°, R1 = 0.0713. 2·CH2Cl2 contains cations [SbCl4(HNPPh3)2]+ with octahedrally coordinated Sb atom and the HNPPh3 ligand molecules being in trans‐position. Sb–N bond lengths are 207.6(6) and 209.3(6) pm, PN bond lengths 162.3(7) and 160.8(7), which approximately corresponds with double bonds.3·0.5CH2Cl2: Space group P4/n, Z = 2, lattice dimensions at 193 K: a = b = 1678.8(1), c = 1244.3(1) pm, R1 = 0.0618. 3·0.5CH2Cl2 contains [Sb(NPPh3)4]+ cations with tetrahedrally coordinated Sb atom and short Sb–N bond lengths of 193.7(6) pm. The PN distances of the phosphoraneiminato ligands, (NPPh3)− with 156.5(6) pm, correspond with double bonds, the SbNP bond angles are 130.6(3)°.
Zum thermochemischen Verhalten von Halogeniden, Oxidhalogeniden, Aluminiumhalogeniden und Ammoniumhalogeniden der Seltenerdelemente
Authors: Oppermann Heinrich , Schmidt Peer 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNach einer kritischen Sichtung zum thermischen Verhalten von Seltenerdhalogeniden LnX3, Seltenerdoxidhalogeniden LnOX, Seltenerdaluminiumhalogeniden LnmAlnX3(m+n) und Seltenerdammoniumhalogeniden (NH4)xLnyX3y+x werden die Bildungsenthalpien und Standardentropien ausgewertet und die empfohlenen Werte angegeben. Aus dem linearen Zusammenhang zwischen den Differenzen der Bildungsenthalpien von Seltenerdoxiden Ln2O3 und ‐halogeniden LnX3 bzw.‐oxidhalogeniden LnOX und dem Ionenradius der betreffenden Elemente werden die in der Literatur fehlenden Werte für einige Halogenide und Oxidhalogenide hergeleitet. Das Verdampfungs‐ und Sublimationsverhalten der LnX3 sowie das Zersetzungsverhalten der Verbindungen LnOX wird verallgemeinernd beschrieben und das Chemische Transportverhalten der LnX3 mit AlX3 systematisch eingeordnet. Die thermische Stabilität der Europiumtrihalogenide wird quantifiziert. Aus den bekannten Zustandsbarogrammen und Zustandsdiagrammen der Systeme Seltenerdtrihalogenid/Aluminiumhalogenid (LnX3/AlX3) und Ammoniumhalogenid (LnX3/NH4X) werden allgemeingültige Schlussfolgerungen für Systeme mit LnX3 gezogen.
Crystal Structure and Stablility of the Fullerene – Chalcogene Co‐Crystal C60Se8CS2
Authors: Panthöfer M. , Shopova D. , Jansen M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractC60Se8CS2 was prepared, for the first time, by slow concentration of a solution of C60 and Se8 in carbondisulfide. The crystal structure (P21/c, a = 1330.05(17), b = 2900.6(4), c = 988.09(13) pm, b = 91.760(2)°; Z = 4; 8910 independent reflections; R1 = 0.073; wR2 = 0.186) contains fully ordered fullerene molecules. It may be derived from the NiAs‐structure‐type with Se8‐rings and CS2 filling the octahedral voids of the distorted hexagonal close packing of fullerene molecules. The results are completed by Raman‐spectroscopic and thermogravimetric investigations.
Preparation and Crystal Structure of MnBiSe2I
Authors: Pfitzner Arno , Zabel Manfred , Rau Franz 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBlack single crystals of MnBiSe2I were obtained by the reaction of stoichiometric amounts of Mn, Bi, BiI3, and Se at 600 °C for 7 days. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m, with a = 13.428(2), b = 4.112(1), c = 10.130(2) Å, β = 90.97(2)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure refinement based on 849 reflections converged at R = 0.0380 and wR2 = 0.0916, respectively. MnBiSe2I forms a layer structure consisting of MnSe6 octahedra, MnSe2I4 octahedra, and BiSe3+2 pyramids.
Transmetallierung von Zinn(II) in [Sn(μ3‐PSitBu3)]4 durch Barium – von Sn4P4‐Heterocuban‐Strukturen zu heterobinuklearen Käfigverbindungen mit einem zentralen BanSn4−nP4‐Heterocuban‐Polyeder (n = 1, 2 und 3)
Authors: Westerhausen Matthias , Krofta Mathias , Schneiderbauer Stefan , Piotrowski Holger 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTransmetallation of Tin(II) in [Sn(μ3‐PSitBu3)]4 by Barium – from Sn4P4 Heterocubane Structures to Heterobinuclear Cage Compounds with a Central BanSn4−nP4 Heterocubane Polyhedron (n = 1, 2 and 3)For the preparation of compounds of the type [BanSn4−n(PSitBu3)4] (n = 1 (2), 2 (3) and 3 (4)) two synthetic routes are applicable: in the transmetallation reaction homometallic [Sn4(PSitBu3)4] (1) reacts with barium metal and in a deprotonation reaction (metallation) tri(tert‐butyl)silylphosphane reacts simultaneously with (thf)2Ba[N(SiMe3)2]2 and Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2. During the transmetallation reaction mixtures of the heterobimetallic cage compounds 2 to 4 are obtained, however, analytically pure compounds 2 and 3 are accessible by the metallation reaction. Compound 4 is formed as a minor product together with 3. Due to the larger Ba‐P bond lengths compared to the Sn‐P values the substitution of tin by barium leads to strong distortions of the heterocubane moiety. With NMR‐spectroscopic experiments one could show that all the above mentioned compounds form BanSn4−nP4 heterocubane cage structures.
Carbon mineralization by termites in tropical forests, with emphasis on fungus combs
Authors: Yamada Akinori , Inoue Tetsushi , Wiwatwitaya Decha , Ohkuma Moriya , Kudo Toshiaki , Abe Takuya , Sugimoto Atsuko 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA role of termites in decomposition processes was quantitatively evaluated in a dry evergreen forest (DEF) in Thailand, using respiration rates and biomasses of fungus combs as well as of termites themselves. The termite population and fungus combs mineralized 11.2% of carbon (C) in the annual aboveground litterfall (AAL) by their respiration. Fungus combs were responsible for a major part (7.2% of the AAL) of the C mineralization mediated by termites. For comparison, fractions of AAL mineralized by respiration from termite populations and fungus combs were estimated for tropical forests and savannas where termites have been well studied, assuming that there is the same ratio as for the DEF between biomass of fungus combs and abundance of fungus growers. Termites in dry tropical forests (annual rainfall<2,000 mm) are shown to mineralize about 10% of C in the AAL by respiration from their populations and fungus combs, and their ecological impact in savannahs is comparable in this aspect. A significant negative correlation between fraction of AAL and annual rainfall demonstrates that the importance of termites in decomposition processes is greater in dry tropical forests than in moist tropical forests. Considering that fungus combs contributed significantly to AAL mineralization in most of the tropical forests and savannas, fungus growers are a much more influential group than previously expected in tropical ecosystems.
Evolution of cooperation in patchy habitat under patch decay and isolation
Authors: Zhang Feng , Hui Cang , Han Xiaozhuo , Li Zizhen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe spatial version of Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) is studied, which incorporates habitat decay through change in the mortality parameter and habitat isolation through change in the colonization coefficient. We found four kinds of evolutionary results, which are affected profoundly by the elements of the payoff matrix and the ratio of the colonization coefficient to the mortality parameter: population extinction, a pure cooperator population, coexistence of cooperators and defectors, and a pure defector population. First, the parameter region of cooperation (pure cooperator and coexistence region) shrinks with an increase in the cooperative cost, and that of defection extends. The increase in cooperative reward makes the cooperative region extend and the defector region become small. Second, the cooperative reward can compensate for the extinction risk due to habitat destruction and allow a population to survive even if the colonization coefficient is smaller than the mortality parameter. Third, although habitat destruction (including decay and isolation) increase the extinction risk of a population, moderate external power can push the evolution of cooperation ahead of population extinction, and even make a completely cooperative world come into being. Finally, for certain values of elements of the payoff matrix, the population suffering habitat destruction can maintain a stable population size by regulating the frequencies of cooperators and defectors. This implies that the multi‐behavior strategy within a population may be a mechanism to defend against the influences of a changing environment.
No diapause prolongation response of Daphnia in the presence of planktivorous mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki)
Authors: Angeler David G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecent research suggests that planktonic organisms in resting stages can perceive predators chemically and delay hatching to evade predation. Using a co‐occurring predator–prey pair (Gambusia holbrooki Girard and Daphnia curvirostris Eylmann) from a Mediterranean floodplain wetland, this study tested for such predator‐avoidance behaviour of Daphnia. Results show that hatching patterns of Daphnia were not reduced by the presence of different biomass levels of Gambusia. This could be due to the fact that the density of Gambusia in the wetland is high from late spring to late autumn, suggesting that delayed hatchlings would face increased mortality through consumptive predation.
Properties of fatty acids in dispersions of emulsified lipid and bile salt and the significance of these properties in fat absorption in the pig and the sheep
Authors: Freeman C. P. 
Published: May 2005

1. The behaviour of fatty acids in dilute bile salt solution and in dispersions of triglyceride in bile salt solution was examined. The properties of fatty acids in bile salt solution were defined in terms of their saturation ratio, and of the critical micellar concentration of bile salt for each fatty acid as solute. The partition of fatty acids between the oil phase and the micellar phase of the dispersions was defined as the distribution coefficientK M/O.The phases were separated by ultracentrifugation.2. Of the fatty acids examined, palmitic and stearic acids behaved in bile salt solution as typical non-polar solutes. Lauric, oleic and linoleic acids had properties similar to typical amphiphiles. The effectiveness of these and other amphiphiles was expressed in terms of an amphiphilic index.3. Thetrans-fatty acids, vaccenic acid and linolelaidic acid possessed solubility properties similar to theircis-isomers. The properties of elaidic acid were intermediate between those of the non-polar and the amphiphilic solutes.4. The distribution coefficients of fatty acids differed less significantly than their solubilities in bile salt solution, but were influenced to some extent by the composition of the oil phase.5. The effect of pH on the partition of fatty acids was similar for all fatty acids examined. There was a marked increase in the partition of fatty acids in the micellar phase as pH increased above 6.2.6. In the presence of Ca2+ions above a threshold concentration of I m-equiv./l. and at a pH higher than 6.4, the partition of stearic acid in the micellar phase of the bi-phasic system was restricted. No interaction of Ca2+ion and pH was observed with oleic acid.7. The effect of some amphiphiles on the distribution coefficient of stearic acid was examined. The capacity of lysolecithin to solubilize stearic acid in the micellar phase of dispersions was about twice that of I-mono-olein. The significance of the results in relation to fat absorption in the pig and the sheep is discussed.
The effect of dietary content of plant protein on the utilization of urea in the bovine rumen
Authors: Nikolić J. Anna , Jovanović M. , Stošić D. , Pavličević A. 
Published: May 2005

1. Four young Friesian bulls with rumen fistulas were given four isocaloric all-concentrate diets containing different amounts and sources of nitrogen in a Latin square arrangement. Diet HP (high-protein) contained 2·31% plant nitrogen; diet MPU (medium-protein with urea) 1·67% plant nitrogen and 0·69% urea nitrogen (total 2·36%); diet LPU (low-protein with urea) 0·95% plant nitrogen and 0·69% urea nitrogen (total 1·65%); diet HPU (high-protein with urea) 2·28% plant nitrogen and 0·69% urea nitrogen (total 2·97%), calculated on an air-dry basis.2. The rumen pH varied between 5·8 and 6·1 with diets HP, MPU and HPU, but was significantly lower with diet LPU with values between 5·4 and 5·8.3. The results showed no differences between the isonitrogenous diets HP and MPU except that replacement of plant nitrogen with urea was followed by an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen. With the diets containing urea, the concentrations of rumen ammonia varied inversely with the amount of dietary plant nitrogen supplied, indicating a negative effect of plant nitrogen on urea utilization.4. Concentrations of alkali-labile nitrogen (amide) were not increased with diets containing urea except with diet HPU, which produced the highest concentrations of ammonia in the rumen.5. The concentration of true protein in the rumen and the amino acid distribution were similar with all four diets, indicating the ability of the microflora to adapt to qualitative and quantitative differences in dietary nitrogen intake.6. Ration acceptability was lower with diets LPU and HPU than with diets HP and MPU.7. Large differences between individual animals in rumen pH, percentage of dry matter and total nitrogen concentration in the rumen were noted.