bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklungen des baulichen Schallschutzes in der nationalen und europäischen Normung
Authors: Fischer Heinz‐Martin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDie Entwicklung des baulichen Schallschutzes wird auf internationaler und nationaler Ebene maßgeblich durch die europäischen Normen des baulichen Schallschutzes beeinflußt. Änderungen bei Meß‐ und Beurteilungsverfahren, insbesondere aber neue Berechnungsverfahren für die Prognose des Schallschutzes in Gebäuden, tangieren die Kerninhalte der DIN 4109 (“Schallschutz im Hochbau”), so daß deren völlige Neugestaltung notwendig wurde. Von den Änderungen besonders betroffen ist der Mauerwerksbau, der mittlerweile konsequent die europäischen Vorgaben für seine Bauweisen umgesetzt und damit Handlungsfähigkeit im neuen Normenkonzept geschaffen hat. Nicht betroffen von den europäischen Normen ist die Höhe von Schallschutzanforderungen. Dennoch hat sich, zeitgleich aber unabhängig von der durch die europäischen Normen ausgelösten Entwicklung, eine intensive und kontroverse Diskussion um die Schallschutzanforderungen, insbesondere im Bereich des sog. erhöhten Schallschutzes, entwickelt. Als Folge dieser Diskussion wird die DIN 4109 den erhöhten Schallschutz zukünftig nicht mehr abdecken. Es ist zu erwarten, daß diese Entscheidung weitergehende Folgen für den baulichen Schallschutz nach sich ziehen wird.
Anerkannte Regeln der Technik und baulicher Schallschutz
Authors: Locher‐Weiss Susanne 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEs bleibt zu hoffen, daß die Rechtsprechung zukünftig, gerade bei qualitätsbezogenen Leistungsmerkmalen, wie auch dem Schallschutz, den Begriff der anerkannten Regeln der Technik weniger ausschließlich zahlenbezogen (Dezibel) sieht, sondern sich vergegenwärtigt, daß es eine Vielzahl zulässiger und vertretbarer Konstruktionen am Bau gibt, die durchweg in der Theorie als richtig anerkannt sind und sich nach wie vor in der Praxis durchgesetzt haben, mithin der Begriffsdefinition der anerkannten Regeln der Technik gerecht werden. Mit einer solch differenzierten Denkweise würde auch den Begrifflichkeiten des ? 633 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 BGB, wo für die Definition der gewöhnlichen Verwendungseignung, der Üblichkeit und den Erwartungen, die der Besteller objektiv haben darf, ebenfalls zunächst eine Qualitätszuordnung vorzunehmen ist, Rechnung getragen.
CE‐gekennzeichnete Mauerwerkbaustoffe – Neues, Anwendbarkeit, Verfahrensweise
Authors: Schubert Peter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMauersteine, Mauermörtel und Putzmörtel, die den harmonisierten europäischen Produktnormen entsprechen, dürfen mit dem CE‐Zeichen versehen und somit in den EU‐Mitgliedsstaaten frei gehandelt werden. Da harmonisierte europäische Grundnormen für Planung, Bemessung, Konstruktion und Ausführung bislang (noch) nicht verfügbar sind, bedarf es zusätzlicher nationaler Regelungen für die Anwendbarkeit der Mauerwerkbaustoffe nach den deutschen Grundnormen. Dieses Thema behandelt der nachfolgende Beitrag.
Besondere Haftungsrisiken für Architekten/Ingenieure
Authors: Wirth Axel 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDer Autor beschäftigt sich seit über 20 Jahren – vormals in seiner anwaltlichen Beratung, jetzt als Inhaber des ersten universitären Lehrstuhls für öffentliches und privates Baurecht in Deutschland – mit der baurechtlichen Haftung von Architekten und Ingenieuren. Er sieht die Gefahren einer immer weiter ausufernden Verantwortlichkeit. Architekten und Ingenieure müssen sich hiervor schützen. Im nachfolgenden Beitrag will der Autor deshalb Gefahrenquellen und Schutzmechanismen aufzeigen.
Umsetzung der EU‐Richtlinie über die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden
Authors: Hegner Hans‐Dieter 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDie EG‐Richtlinie 2002/91/EG über die Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden ist bis zum Januar 2006 in nationales Recht umzusetzen [1]. Dazu will die Bundesregierung das Energieeinsparrecht (Energieeinspargesetz, Energieeinsparverordnung [2], [5]) umfassend novellieren. Der folgende Beitrag stellt den Stand der Überlegungen auf Arbeitsebene, insbesondere zu den technischen Möglichkeiten der Erstellung von Energieausweisen dar. Ein Referentenentwurf zu einer neuen weiterentwickelten Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2006) wurde noch nicht vorgelegt.
Entwicklungen und Trends im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Zilch Konrad , Schermer Detleff 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDie dominierende Stellung von massivem Mauerwerk bei den Wandbaustoffen erfordert es, den gewachsenen Anforderungen – nicht nur im Bereich des Wärmeschutzes – zu begegnen. Hierzu wurden von der deutschen Mauerwerksindustrie in der Vergangenheit große Anstrengungen unternommen, sowohl im Bereich der bauphysikalischen Anforderungen als auch bei Aspekten der Rationalisierung und der Erhöhung der Wirtschaftlichkeit. Die verschiedenen Steinarten: Kalksandsteine, Mauerziegel, Leichtbeton‐ und Betonsteine, Porenbetonsteine, bieten jeweils optimierte Lösungen sowohl für den Innenwand‐ als auch für den Außenwandbereich an.
ESECMaSE – Enhanced Safety and Efficient Construction of Masonry Structures in Europe: Europäisches Gemeinschaftsforschungsvorhaben zum Schubtragverhalten von Mauerwerksbauteilen
Authors: Caballero González Antonio , Fehling Ekkehard , Kieker Joachim 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit der Einführung europäischer Vorschriften für das Bauen in Erdbebengebieten und Anforderungen an Gebäude unter Windlasten läßt sich Mauerwerk als Baustoff für tragende Konstruktionen zukünftig nicht in allen Fällen statisch nachweisen. Dies liegt an offensichtlich unvollständigen Nachweismöglichkeiten der Schubtragfähigkeit von Mauerwerk. Nach vorausgegangenen, eigenfinanzierten Untersuchungen [1] haben sich die Mitgliedsverbände der DGfM entschlossen, Fördermittel für ein Gemeinschaftsforschungsprojekt im 6. Forschungs‐Rahmenprogramm der EU zu beantragen, um Grundlagen der Scher‐, Schub‐ und Verbundfestigkeiten aller gängigen Mauerwerksarten zu erforschen, Prüfverfahren zu entwickeln und die Erkenntnisse in die europäischen Vorschriften einzubringen. Als Dachverband der Branche tritt die DGfM als Koordinator des Projektes auf.Der Bericht gibt Auskunft über die Möglichkeiten der Forschungsförderung im Rahmen des 6. und des zukünftigen 7. Rahmenprogrammes der EU. Weiterhin werden Aufgabenstellung und Ziele, die Teilnehmer sowie der Bearbeitungsstand der Forschung nach dem ersten Projektjahr beschrieben.
Do adiponectin, TNFα, leptin and CRP relate to insulin resistance in pregnancy? Studies in women with and without gestational diabetes, during and after pregnancy
Authors: McLachlan Kylie A. , O'Neal David , Jenkins Alicia , Alford Frank P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe role of adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), leptin and C‐reactive protein in the insulin resistance of pregnancy is not clear. We measured their levels in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and in controls, during and after pregnancy, and related them to insulin secretion and action.MethodsNineteen women with GDM and 19 BMI‐matched healthy pregnant women underwent intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the third trimester of pregnancy and 4 months postpartum to determine insulin sensitivity (SI) and insulin secretion. Adiponectin, TNFα, leptin and high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) were measured in fasted blood.ResultsOf the circulating factors, only leptin (r = −0.41, p = 0.01) correlated with SI in pregnancy. Leptin and hsCRP levels were elevated in pregnancy compared to postpartum (leptin (mean ± SEM): 27.8 ± 2.4 vs 19.3 ± 2.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001; hsCRP: 5.2 ± 0.7 vs 3.2 ± 0.6 mg/L, p < 0.001). Adiponectin levels did not change from pregnancy to postpartum, despite a marked increase in SI. All four factors correlated with SI postpartum (adiponectin: r = 0.38, p = 0.01; TNFα: r = −0.48, p = 0.002; Leptin: r = −0.61, p = 0.001; hsCRP: r = −0.48, p = 0.002). TNFα correlated inversely with insulin secretion in pregnancy (r = −0.35, p = 0.03) and was significantly higher in the GDM group (2.62 ± 0.3 vs 1.88 ± 0.3 pg/mL, p = 0.01) in pregnancy.ConclusionIn our study, the influence of adiponectin, TNFα and hsCRP upon SI is overwhelmed by other factors in pregnancy. While leptin and SI correlated in pregnancy, it is unclear whether this represents cause or effect. Finally, TNFα may exert an inhibitory effect on insulin secretion in GDM, contributing to the associated hyperglycaemia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Properties of Molybdenum Complexes Bearing 5‐Alkoxythiophene or ‐bithiophene Groups
Authors: Fonseca António M. , Raposo Maria Manuela M. , Sousa Ana M. R. C. , Kirsch Gilbert , Beley Marc 
Published: September 2005

Abstracttrans‐[MoF{NN=CH(5′‐R‐thienyl)}(dppe)2][BF4] (R = OMe and OEt) and trans‐[MoF{NN=CH(5′‐R‐2,2′‐bithienyl)}(dppe)2][BF4] (R = OMe, OEt and OiPr) were synthesised in good yields by treating 5‐alkoxy‐2‐formylthiophenes and 5′‐alkoxy‐5‐formyl‐2,2′‐bithiophenes, respectively, with the hydrazido(2–) complex trans‐[MoF(NNH2)(dppe)2][BF4]. The electrochemical, spectroscopic and solvatochromic properties of these compounds were studied. These results suggest that efficient π‐conjugated systems are obtained due to the low‐energy charge‐transfer between the metal atom and the heterocyclic moieties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Free and Metal‐Coordinated (N‐Isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane: X‐ray Structures and Selected Reactions
Authors: Stolzenberg Heribert , Weinberger Bernd , Fehlhammer Wolf Peter , Pühlhofer Frank G. , Weiss Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn improved procedure for the synthesis of (N‐isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane, C≡N–N=PPh3 (3), is described. The X‐ray structure analysis reveals an unusually small N–N=P angle [115.2(2)°] and an N–N bond order of only about 1.5, which indicates considerable C≡N–N––P+ participation and electronically more‐isolated functional groups (CN, P=N) in the isocyanide than, for example, in the isomeric N≡C–N=PPh3 (4) [C–N=P = 123.0(4)°, C–N bond order = 2.0]. In order to gain insight into the stereochemical consequences of metal coordination of 3, an X‐ray structural study of [Cr(CO)5C≡N–N=PPh3] (5) was also undertaken. Surprisingly, the central bond lengths (C–N, N–N) and angles (C–N–N) remain practically unchanged with noticeable coordination effects occurring only at the periphery of 5, with the N–N–P angle [112.3(2)°] further decreased by 15σ, the elongated (by 7σ) P–N bond, the somewhat shortened (by 4σ) P–C(Ph) bonds and even shorter C–H(Ph) bonds on the one side, and the well‐known Cr–C(O)trans contraction on the other. Treatment of 5 or its tungsten derivative with anhydrous Brønstedt and Lewis acids such as CF3COOH, HCl, COS, phosgene or, most efficiently, [PdCl2(1,5‐COD)] causes CN→NC isomerisation to give [M(CO)5N≡C–N=PPh3] [M = Cr (6), W (7)]. In solution, [PdCl2(CNNPh3)2] and Ph3BCNNPPh3 (8) slowly isomerize even without additional acid to give both free and Pd‐coordinated 4 and Ph3BNCNPPh3 (9), respectively. In the presence of catalytic amounts of [PdCl2(1,5‐COD)], 3 is converted into 4 and the dimer Ph3PN–C(CN)=N–NPPh3 (10) in an almost 1:1 ratio. The optimised geometries of the methyl derivatives of 3 and 4, namely Me3P=N–N≡C (3c) and Me3P=N–C≡N (4c), are in excellent agreement with the experimental data; major differences between the isomers (P–N–N angle, N–N bond length) are explained by the higher electronegativity of the isocyano group as compared to the CN substituent, which, in turn, is a better π‐acceptor). The reaction path of the isomerisation of 3 to 4 (3c to 4c) has also been studied computationally and been found to proceed via an [(P)=NA–N≡CA(NA–CA)] cyclic transition state. The overall process is exothermic by 50 kcal mol–1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Structural Trends in Divalent Benzil Bis(thiosemicarbazone) Complexes
Authors: Calatayud David G. , López‐Torres Elena , Mendiola M. Antonia , Pastor César J. , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRedox‐related changes in the biological properties of copper bis(thiosemicarbazones) are induced by the backbone of the ligand. To get information about how these changes depend on the structural parameters, three X‐ray structures of complexes with different behaviour of the benzil bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligand have been determined. These include two almost planar copper(II) complexes with different grades of deprotonation in the ligand and a ZnII complex in which the ligand acts as a monoanion and a nitrate group is bonded to the metal ion in a square‐based pyramid. The changes in the backbone bond lengths agree with the variation in the ionic radius and with the grade of electronic charge delocalisation in the chelate rings; these have consequences for the coordination sphere, allowing the metal to fit slightly better into the ligand cavity, which in turn may affect the complex stability and the redox potential. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Lewis Acid Mediated Domino Reaction between 2‐Cyclohexenone and Methyl Azide – A DFT Study
Authors: Castillo Raquel , Andrés Juan , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe have studied the Lewis acid mediated domino reaction between 2‐cyclohexenone and methyl azide at the B3LYP/6‐31G* and B3LYP/6‐31+G**//B3LYP/6‐31G* levels of theory. A complete survey of the potential energy surface is presented, and the structures of the stationary points and the corresponding molecular mechanism are discussed. The calculations suggest that the product, a cyclopentanone derivative, is formed by means of a domino process that comprises three consecutive reactions. The first and rate‐limiting step is a concerted 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition between the Lewis acid coordinated cyclohexenone and methyl azide that yields the corresponding bicyclic 1,2,3‐triazoline. The second reaction is a concerted process that includes the extrusion of nitrogen followed by a concomitant skeletal rearrangement to yield the corresponding cyclopentanone derivative. Finally, this cyclopentanone equilibrates to the thermodynamically more stable exocyclic cyclopentanone by means of a stepwise tautomerization of the corresponding iminone. Solvent effects (dichloromethane) were taken into account by using a polarizable continuum model. The results show that no significant changes in the energy profile were found. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Residual displacement ratios for assessment of existing structures
Authors: Ruiz‐García Jorge , Miranda Eduardo 
Published: September 2005

AbstractResults of an analytical study aimed at evaluating residual displacement ratios, Cr, which allow the estimation of residual displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands is presented. Residual displacement ratios were computed using response time‐history analyses of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems having 6 levels of relative lateral strength when subjected to an ensemble of 240 earthquake ground motions recorded in stations placed on firm sites. The results were statistically organized to evaluate the influence of the following parameters: period of vibration, level of relative lateral strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, and distance to the source. In addition, the influence of post‐yield stiffness ratio in bilinear systems and of the unloading stiffness in stiffness‐degrading systems was also investigated. A special emphasis is given to the uncertainty of these ratios. From this study, it is concluded that mean residual displacement ratios are more sensitive to changes in local site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source range and hysteretic behaviour than mean inelastic displacement ratios. In particular, residual displacement ratios exhibit large levels of record‐to‐record variability and, therefore, this dispersion should be taken into account when estimating residual displacements. A simplified expression is presented to estimate mean residual displacements ratios for elastoplastic systems during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm soil sites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong ground motion prediction using macro–micro analysis method
Authors: Ichimura T. , Hori M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe authors propose a new analysis method, called the macro–micro analysis method (MMAM) in a companion paper. (Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn., this issue) for strong motion prediction with higher resolution and accuracy. The MMAM takes advantage of the bounding medium theory to obtain optimistic and pessimistic estimates of the expected strong motion and the singular perturbation expansion that leads to an efficient multi‐scale analysis. The results of the numerical simulation with the MMAM are given as the sum of waves of low resolution covering the whole city and waves of high resolution for each part of the city. While the huge computation amount is reduced by the MMAM, the computation amount is huge still. For resolving this problem, this paper applies the finite element method with voxel element to numerical simulation tools after some numerical verification. To reproduce complicated material properties of surface soft deposits, fundamental hysteresis attenuation is implemented in the three‐dimensional simulation code. The proposed method is verified by carrying out the strong motion prediction with MMAM and comparing with measured data. In addition, the effect of three‐dimensional soil–structure and frequency component on the maximum velocity distribution, which is simulated by proposed method with high spatial resolution, is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing tour guides for travelers
Authors: Bellotti Francesco , Berta Riccardo , De Gloria Alessandro , Margarone Massimiliano 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe impending “intelligent car” scenario can have a great impact on improving the quality of life of a number of citizens by reducing wasted time and enhancing interaction with the environment. In this article, the authors describe their development of tour guides on palmtop computers that present tourists with high‐quality multimedia information and services. An important added value of tour guides on palmtop computers is that they can assist the user in the real‐time event (e.g., in a museum or while walking in a city) and during the in‐car trip as well. However, the overall surrounding environment and the contextual tasks performed by the user are different. In‐car use is challenging because it requires adapting the interaction modes of the user to the strict safety constraints of driving. The authors have explored these issues in the development of a tour guide for the Castellon region of Spain. In this article, they present ideas and discuss preliminary findings on their interface design. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 15: 461–476, 2005.
Monocyclic, Substituted Imidazoles as Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Magdolen Peter , Vasella Andrea 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA range of 4‐monosubstituted and 2,4‐disubstituted 1H‐imidazoles and 1H‐imidazole‐1‐ethanols (RC(4): CH2CH2Ph, CHOHCH2Ph, Ph, or Me; RC(2): CH2OH, CHOHCH2OH, CN, or CH2NHAc) were prepared and tested as inhibitors of α‐ and β‐glucosidases and of a β‐galactosidase. A new access to 4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1H‐imidazoles starting from 4‐phenylbutan‐1‐ol was elaborated. The strongest inhibitors are the 2‐substituted 4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1H‐imidazoles 24a and 26a (RC(2): CH2OH and CHOHCH2OH) and the 2‐phenylethanol 34. They inhibit the β‐galactosidase from bovine liver and the β‐glucosidase from Caldocellum saccharolyticum with inhibition constants in the micromolar range, but do not inhibit the α‐glucosidase from brewer's yeast.
Pesticide metabolism and potential for metabolic interactions
Authors: Rose Randy L. , Hodgson Ernest 
Published: September 2005

Abstract© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:276–277, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20077
Calcium‐dependent and independent mechanisms of capsaicin receptor (TRPV1)‐mediated cytokine production and cell death in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Reilly Christopher A. , Johansen Mark E. , Lanza Diane L. , Lee Jeewoo , Lim Ju‐Ok , Yost Garold S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractActivation of the capsaicin receptor (VR1 or TRPV1) in bronchial epithelial cells by capsaicinoids and other vanilloids promotes pro‐inflammatory cytokine production and cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of TRPV1‐mediated calcium flux from extracellular sources as an initiator of these responses and to define additional cellular pathways that control cell death. TRPV1 antagonists and reduction of calcium concentrations in treatment solutions attenuated calcium flux, induction of interleukin‐6 and 8 gene expression, and IL‐6 secretion by cells treated with capsaicin or resiniferatoxin. Most TRPV1 antagonists also attenuated cell death, but the relative potency and extent of protection did not directly correlate with inhibition of total calcium flux. Treatment solutions with reduced calcium content or chelators had no effect on cytotoxicity. Inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism and cyclo‐oxygenases also prevented cell death indicating that TRPV1 agonists disrupted basal arachidonic acid metabolism and altered cyclo‐oxygenase function via a TRPV1‐dependent mechanism in order to produce toxicity. These data confirm previous results demonstrating calcium flux through TRPV1 acts as a trigger for cytokine production by vanilloids, and provides new mechanistic insights on mechanisms of cell death produced by TRPV1 agonists in respiratory epithelial cells. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:266–275, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20084
Reciprocal inhibition of Cd and Pb sulfocomplexes for uptake in Caco‐2 cells
Authors: Aduayom I. , Jumarie C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCadmium‐lead interactions for uptake were studied in the TC7 clone of human enterocytic‐like Caco‐2 cells as a function of inorganic metal speciation. We have previously shown that Cd uptake in these cells involves both the free cation Cd2+ and chlorocomplex (CdCl) species. Here we show 1.9 times higher uptake levels for 109CdCl compared to 210PbCl. Reciprocal inhibitions of chlorocomplexes were observed with a much higher inhibitory effect of Cd compared to Pb. Replacing Cl− by NO increased both the level of aquo ion 109Cd2+ and 109Cd accumulation. In contrast, higher levels of 210Pb2+ did not favor 210Pb uptake. For both metals, higher uptake data were recorded in the presence of SO42−, leading to sulfocomplex formation, compared with Cl−. Reciprocal inhibitions were minimal at high‐cation levels but were significant and comparable in the presence of sulfo‐complexes. We conclude that, in addition to Cd2+ (but not Pb2+), sulfocomplexes of both metals would preferentially be taken up compared to chlorocomplexes. NRAMP2 is not involved in Pb2+ uptake, and the NRAMP2‐mediated Cd2+ uptake is insensitive to Pb. Uptake of Pb chlorocomplexes could involve specific mechanisms but of very low affinity, whereas uptake of Pb sulfocomplexes occurs with high affinity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:256–265, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20085