bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Neurologic System in Fracture Healing: An Extensive Review
Authors: Parker Reginald S. , Nazzal Murad K. , Morris Ashlyn J. , Fehrenbacher Jill C. , White Fletcher A. , Kacena Melissa A. , Natoli Roman M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Despite advances in orthopedics, there remains a need for therapeutics to hasten fracture healing. However, little focus is given to the role the nervous system plays in regulating fracture healing. This paucity of information has led to an incomplete understanding of fracture healing and has limited the development of fracture therapies that integrate the importance of the nervous system. This review seeks to illuminate the integral roles that the nervous system plays in fracture healing.

Recent Findings
Preclinical studies explored several methodologies for ablating peripheral nerves to demonstrate ablation-induced deficits in fracture healing. Conversely, activation of peripheral nerves via the use of dorsal root ganglion electrical stimulation enhanced fracture healing via calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP). Investigations into TLR-4, TrkB agonists, and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression provide valuable insights into molecular pathways influencing bone mesenchymal stem cells and fracture repair. Finally, there is continued research into the connections between pain and fracture healing with findings suggesting that anti-NGF may be able to block pain without affecting healing.

Summary
This review underscores the critical roles of the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system (PNS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) in fracture healing, emphasizing their influence on bone cells, neuropeptide release, and endochondral ossification. The use of TBI models contributes to understanding neural regulation, though the complex influence of TBI on fracture healing requires further exploration. The review concludes by addressing the neural connection to fracture pain. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
Cracking the Code: The Role of Peripheral Nervous System Signaling in Fracture Repair
Authors: Morris Ashlyn J. , Parker Reginald S. , Nazzal Murad K. , Natoli Roman M. , Fehrenbacher Jill C. , Kacena Melissa A. , White Fletcher A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The traditionally understated role of neural regulation in fracture healing is gaining prominence, as recent findings underscore the peripheral nervous system’s critical contribution to bone repair. Indeed, it is becoming more evident that the nervous system modulates every stage of fracture healing, from the onset of inflammation to repair and eventual remodeling.

Recent Findings
Essential to this process are neurotrophins and neuropeptides, such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and neuropeptide Y. These molecules fulfill key roles in promoting osteogenesis, influencing inflammation, and mediating pain. The sympathetic nervous system also plays an important role in the healing process: while local sympathectomies may improve fracture healing, systemic sympathetic denervation impairs fracture healing. Furthermore, chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system, often triggered by stress, is a potential impediment to effective fracture healing, marking an important area for further investigation.

Summary
The potential to manipulate aspects of the nervous system offers promising therapeutic possibilities for improving outcomes in fracture healing. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
Mind Gaps and Bone Snaps: Exploring the Connection Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Hannah S. , Karnik Sonali J. , Margetts Tyler J. , Plotkin Lilian I. , Movila Alexandru , Fehrenbacher Jill C. , Kacena Melissa A. , Oblak Adrian L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This comprehensive review discusses the complex relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis, two conditions that are prevalent in the aging population and result in adverse complications on quality of life. The purpose of this review is to succinctly elucidate the many commonalities between the two conditions, including shared pathways, inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms, and hormonal deficiencies.

Recent Findings
AD and osteoporosis share many aspects of their respective disease-defining pathophysiology. These commonalities include amyloid beta deposition, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and estrogen deficiency. The shared mechanisms and risk factors associated with AD and osteoporosis result in a large percentage of patients that develop both diseases. Previous literature has established that the progression of AD increases the risk of sustaining a fracture. Recent findings demonstrate that the reverse may also be true, suggesting that a fracture early in the life course can predispose one to developing AD due to the activation of these shared mechanisms. The discovery of these commonalities further guides the development of novel therapeutics in which both conditions are targeted.

Summary
This detailed review delves into the commonalities between AD and osteoporosis to uncover the shared players that bring these two seemingly unrelated conditions together. The discussion throughout this review ultimately posits that the occurrence of fractures and the mechanism behind fracture healing can predispose one to developing AD later on in life, similar to how AD patients are at an increased risk of developing fractures. By focusing on the shared mechanisms between AD and osteoporosis, one can better understand the conditions individually and as a unit, thus informing therapeutic approaches and further research. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
Integration of unmodified kraft lignin powder in waterborne coatings and investigation of antifouling properties
Authors: Butschle Marcel , Schlautek Richard , Kunschert Lisa , Schackmann Markus , Weinell Claus Erik , Dam-Johansen Kim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAntifouling properties of unmodified kraft lignin for potential use in marine coatings were investigated. The study was based on preliminary findings that pointed toward lignin’s efficacy against seawater organisms during laboratory tests. Coatings were formulated that contained lignin as a filler and had a pigment volume concentration above the critical pigment volume concentration. This ensured direct interaction between lignin and seawater organisms, as the lignin particles remained incompletely wetted by the binder. Moreover, all formulations were waterborne to mitigate the release of volatile organic compounds. Despite the initial promise, the antifouling performance of the formulated lignin coatings during field experiments at the CoaST Maritime Test Center was limited, and the anticipated mechanism must be reconsidered. Additionally, it was found that high lignin concentrations, while facilitating organism interaction, compromised the coating's mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the waterborne coating formulation introduced here might provide a foundation for other researchers to further investigate lignin’s potential as a bio-based pigment or a filler in coatings.
Rlm-tracking: online multi-pedestrian tracking supported by relative location mapping
Authors: Ren Kai , Hu Chuanping , Xi Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe challenge of multi-object tracking stands as a fundamental focus in computer vision research, finding widespread applications in areas such as public safety, transportation, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and other domains involving artificial intelligence. Given the intricate nature of natural scenes, the occurrence of object occlusion and semi-occlusion is commonplace in basic tracking tasks. These factors often result in challenges such as ID switching, object loss, detection errors, and misaligned bounding boxes, thereby significantly impacting the precision of multi-object tracking.This paper aims to address the aforementioned issues and proposes a novel multi-object tracker, incorporating Relative location mapping (RLM) and Target region density (TRD) modeling. The new tracker is more sensitive to differences in the spatial relationships between targets, allowing it to dynamically introduce low-scoring detection boxes into different regions based on the density of target regions in the image. This improves the accuracy of target tracking while avoiding the consumption of a significant amount of computational resources.Our research results indicate that when applying this method to state-of-the-art multi-object tracking approaches, the proposed model achieves improvements of 0.4 to 0.8 points in the HOTA and IDF1 metrics on the MOT17 and MOT20 datasets. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing multi-object tracking performance.
Early Childhood Education and Care Teachers’ Gaze Behavior Across Pedagogical Episodes in Toddler Groups in Finland
Authors: Isotalo Susanna , Ukkonen-Mikkola Tuulikki , Lämsä Joni , Rutanen Niina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTeacher–child interaction is central in pedagogical activities in early childhood education and care (ECEC). In these activities, teachers’ visual gaze is a valuable tool for communication, but this has received little attention in ECEC research. Recent technological advancements in eye-tracking provide an approach to take a deeper look at how teachers focus their visual gaze during activities. Our study focused on three ECEC teachers’ visual gaze behavior during pedagogical activities in a group of children under three years of age (later toddlers) in Finland, to gain understanding of how teachers use their gaze to facilitate interactions and pedagogy. The data were collected using eye-tracking glasses in two types of activities: play and guided activity. From these eye-tracking recordings, we identified pedagogical episodes (e.g., guidance). To analyze teachers’ visual gaze behavior, we also coded the fixations to the different areas of interest (e.g., teaching materials). The findings showed that the teachers’ aim for interaction with children was associated with their visual gaze behavior on teacher- and child-initiated episodes. Moreover, the activity's structure and the teacher's position also played a role in how teachers focus their visual gaze. In this article, we also discuss the potential of eye-tracking technology in reflection of practices implemented in ECEC and we argue that the use of eye-tracking technology is an area that merits further exploration.
Detection of Fusarium euwallaceae and its vector Euwallacea fornicatus on pear (Pyrus communis) and in deciduous fruit orchards in South Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht Karyn , Raubenheimer Inge , Paap Trudy , Neethling Emma , Roets Francois 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present the first report of Fusarium euwallaceae and its ambrosia beetle vector Euwallacea fornicatus in deciduous fruit tree orchards in South Africa. Fusarium euwallaceae, is shown to be pathogenic to pear (Pyrus communis) and the beetle can establish viable colonies in this host.
Up-regulated mRNA expression of VEGFA receptors (FLT1 and KDR) in placentas after assisted reproductive technology fertilization
Authors: Mrozikiewicz Aleksandra E. , Kurzawińska Grażyna , Walczak Michał , Skrzypczak-Zielińska Marzena , Ożarowski Marcin , Jędrzejczak Piotr 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlacental angiogenesis is a pivotal process for feto-maternal circulation and ensures efficient development of the placenta throughout pregnancy. Many factors during in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer procedures may affect placental gene expression and fetus development. The present study aimed to identify differences in angiogenesis-related gene (VEGFA, FGF2, FLT1, and KDR) expression profiles in placentas after assisted reproductive technology fertilization and natural conception in healthy women. In a case-control study, term placentas were collected from Caucasian women after assisted reproductive technology fertilization (N = 20) and after natural conception in women with uncomplicated pregnancy (N = 9). The mRNA expression in placentas was examined for VEGFA, FGF2, FLT1, and KDR genes by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Group stratification was performed for comparison of investigated genes between the type of embryo transferred (fresh/frozen), place of tissue donation (center/margin), and newborns’ gender (male/female). In the ART placentas, significant down-regulation of VEGFA gene (p = 0.016) and up-regulation of FLT1 (p = 0.026) and KDR (p < 0.001) gene receptors were observed. Genes encoding VEGFA receptors were up-regulated in both fresh (ET) and frozen (FET) embryo transfer groups compared to controls. For the FLT1 gene, a statistically significant difference was observed between the frozen embryo transfer group and the controls (p = 0.032). Relative expression of KDR was significantly higher for both embryo transfer groups compared to controls (p < 0.001) and between ET and FET (p = 0.002). No statistically significant differences were observed between placental expression in different places of tissue donation and newborns’ gender. We observed differences in the placental expression of VEGFA and its receptors FLT1 and KDR in pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology compared to naturally conceived pregnancies. More research is needed to clarify these alterations that may affect placental development and fetal health.
Advance care planning for patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis: narrative review of the current evidence, and future considerations
Authors: Adenwalla S. F. , O’Halloran P. , Faull C. , Murtagh F. E. M. , Graham-Brown M. P. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPatients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) have a high symptom-burden and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite this, evidence has shown that this patient group does not have timely discussions to plan for deterioration and death, and at the end of life there are unmet palliative care needs. Advance care planning is a process that can help patients share their personal values and preferences for their future care and prepare for declining health. Earlier, more integrated and holistic advance care planning has the potential to improve access to care services, communication, and preparedness for future decision-making and changing circumstances. However, there are many barriers to successful implementation of advance care planning in this population. In this narrative review we discuss the current evidence for advance care planning in patients on dialysis, the data around the barriers to advance care planning implementation, and interventions that have been trialled. The review explores whether the concepts and approaches to advance care planning in this population need to be updated to encompass current and future care. It suggests that a shift from a problem-orientated approach to a goal-orientated approach may lead to better engagement, with more patient-centred and satisfying outcomes.
Graphical abstract
Just as Essential: The Mental Health of Educators During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carlson Alyssa Schneider , Stegall Manny S. , Sirotiak Zoe , Herrmann Felipe , Thomas Emily B. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic deleteriously impacted physical and mental health. In the summer of 2020, return-to-learn plans were enacted, including virtual, hybrid, and in-person plans, impacting educators and students. We examined (1) how return-to-learn plan was related to depressive and social anxiety symptoms among educators and (2) how psychological flexibility related to symptoms.

Methods:
Educators (N = 853) completed a survey via Qualtrics that assessed internalizing symptoms, psychological flexibility, and occupational characteristics. Two one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences in return-to-learn plans across depression and social anxiety. Two hierarchical linear regressions examined the relation between psychological flexibility components and depressive and social anxiety symptoms.

Results:
Median T-scores were well above the national normative means for General Depression (median T-score: 81) and Social Anxiety (median T-score: 67). There were no significant differences between reopening plans in general depression nor social anxiety T-scores. Psychological flexibility accounted for 33% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 24% of the variance in social anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions:
Results indicated high levels of psychiatric symptoms among educators during COVID-19, and psychological flexibility was associated with lower symptoms. Addressing educator mental health is of utmost importance in future research.
The discovery of a Romano-Punic tomb in the region of Msallata
Authors: Elmayer Abdulhafid Fadil 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A mixed Romano-Punic tomb discovered on private property to the west of Msallata contains many small stone chests containing cremated human remains. Some of these chests carry the name of the deceased written in the Latin or neo-Punic alphabet. Besides the stone chests, there are pottery jars containing animal remains. Figurative relief and religious symbols suggest the practice of rituals associated with the Tophet (sanctuary-necropolis) of Carthage. In addition to the stone chests and pottery urns there are many other objects that are typical of the grave goods usually buried with the Phoenician dead: oil lamps, tableware, coins, medals.
A NEW READING AND A PROBABLE INTERPOLATION IN LACTANTIUS PLACIDUS’ COMMENTARY ON STATIUS, THEBAID 5.16
Authors: Martínez Zepeda Baruch 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper analyses the probability of a reading so far neglected by editors in Lactantius Placidus’ late antique commentary on Stat. Theb. 5.16. Next, the article argues that, regardless of the accepted reading, this part of the scholium is likely an interpolation.
Effect of cell wall compositions on lodging resistance of cereal crops: review
Authors: Mengistie E. , McDonald A. G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLodging is the permanent displacement of stalks due to disrupted secondary cell walls caused by external factors, plant characters and their interaction. Anatomical, morphological and compositional traits are among lodging-inducing plant traits. In comparison with morphological and anatomical features, the correlation of lodging resistance and cell wall composition is not frequently reviewed. In this review, the relation between cell wall composition and lodging resistance of cereal stalks is comprehensively reviewed based on major cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) and trace minerals. From the body of literatures reviewed across all cereal crops, lignin and cellulose were found to have significant positive correlation with lodging resistance. However, the effect of structural features of cellulose and lignin on lodging resistance was not investigated in most of the studies. This review also highlights the importance of biomass recalcitrance and lodging resistance trade-offs in the spectrum of genetic cell wall modifications.
The lichen genus Pseudopyrenula (Trypetheliaceae) in India
Authors: Ingle Komal K. , Nayaka Sanjeeva , Upreti Dalip K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA survey of the lichen genus Pseudopyrenula in India is presented, with morphotaxonomic accounts of all six accepted species. Two species, P. himalayana and P. megaspora, are new to science. Both species resemble P. staphyleae but have a lichenized thallus and eccentric ostiole. Furthermore, P. himalayana differs from P. staphyleae in having immersed perithecia and narrower ascospores, while P. megaspora differs in the larger ascospores. Detailed descriptions of the new species are presented, together with notes on their chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. A key to all known species of Pseudopyrenula from India is also presented.
Contested Past, Contested Future: Identity Politics and Liberal Democracy
Authors: Pippenger Nathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEvents in recent years have underscored the dependence of the liberal international order (LIO) on the domestic fate of liberalism in countries like the United States—where, according to critics such as Mark Lilla and Francis Fukuyama, liberals have imperiled themselves through an unwise embrace of identity politics. These critics argue that identity politics undermines solidarity and empowers the illiberal right, and that it should be rejected in favor of a unifying creedal nationalism based on common liberal values. This analysis, I argue, overlooks the fact that “common” creedal values have expanded in American history when their meanings were being controversially reinterpreted from identity-based perspectives. If American liberalism is to emerge from its current crisis, it will need to incorporate the claims of identity into a sense of national belonging that can resist the authoritarian, ethnoracial nationalism promoted by the LIO's enemies. The likelihood that such a process will be controversial is reason for liberal critics of identity politics to consider how the claims of identity might be an asset, not an obstacle, to revitalizing liberal democracy against its challengers.
Voluntariness and Migration: A Restatement
Authors: Ottonelli Valeria , Torresi Tiziana 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA key question in the theory of migration and in public debates on immigration policies is when migration can be said to be voluntary and when, conversely, it should be seen as nonvoluntary. In a previous article, we tried to answer this crucial question by providing a list of conditions we view as sufficient for migration to be considered nonvoluntary. According to our account, one condition that makes migration nonvoluntary is when people migrate because they lack acceptable alternatives to doing so. In this article, we take the opportunity to further explore and clarify this crucial condition. More specifically, we focus on two main sets of questions. First, we ask whether migration is always voluntary when it serves goals that are voluntarily chosen, and whether those who decide to migrate voluntarily but only have the option of choosing among a limited set of dangerous, harmful, or illegal means for doing so, can be said to be forced to choose those means. Second, we ask whether what counts as “nonacceptable” alternatives should also include cases in which people could have their needs and fundamental rights met, but at the cost of betraying their moral principles or conceptions of the good.
Aston Cantlow v Wallbank: a twenty-year retrospective
Authors: Hill Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo mark the passing of two decades since the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords handed down their judgment in the appeal of Aston Cantlow and Wilmcote with Billesley Parochial Church Council v Wallbank this article considers the enduring impact of the decision in terms of the constitutional position of the Church of England as a national church and analyses the public and private functions which it undertakes. In the altered landscape of the new Carolean era, with a decline in church attendance and a rise in secularism, it examines the reasoning of the five separate opinions delivered by the Law Lords and evaluates in retrospect various of the issues raised.