bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanomagnetite Rims on Hornblende Phenocrysts in Intermediate Subvolcanic Intrusions, Torud–Ahmad Abad Magmatic Belt, Iran: Examination of Devolatilization and Oxidation Processes
Authors: Yousefi Fazilat , Lentz David R. , Bark Glenn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mafic to felsic adakitic intrusive and extrusive rocks in the Torud–Ahmad Abad magmatic belt occur south-southeast of Shahrood (north of the Central Iran Zone). These adakites, in the form of dykes and other hypabyssal igneous bodies, are emplaced into late Neoproterozoic amphibolite and mylonitized granites and a thick sequence of Paleocene to middle Eocene volcanic and volcano-sedimentary rocks. These high silica and low silica adakites (HSA and LSA) span a range of lithologies including basaltic andesite, andesite, trachyandesite, dacite, trachydacite, and dacite. The adakites are composed mainly of calcic pyroxene, Ca-Na amphibole, and plagioclase phenocrysts, with minor biotite and titanomagnetite. In these intrusions, iron-titanium oxides crystallized late (within the groundmass) or occur as secondary phases. One of the interesting features of these rocks is the opacitization (magnetite rich selvage) of ferromagnesian phenocrysts, such as hornblende, which is a localized replacement reaction. The intensity and color of these opacitized margins depend on the extent of titanomagnetite-magnetite formed. The SEM-EDS analysis results show that most of magnetite formed at temperatures &gt;500°C related to pressure quenching of the melt due to emplacement and differential volcanic degassing. The phenomenon of opacitization is due to decreasing stability of Fe2+ and hydrous ferromagnesian phenocrysts, such as amphiboles, to form less hydrous to anhydrous pseudomorphs (selvage) in the near-surface environment with oxidative reactions linked to pressure quenching and differential devolatilization of H2 from the melt during hypabyssal emplacement. The rapid decrease in pressure during magma ascent causes hornblende instability and thus helps to create these opaque rims (opacitized) on ferromagnesian phases (magnetite and titanomagnetite-rich assemblage). Hornblende breakdown - destabilization increases due to melt degassing - devolatilization [decrease in P(H2O)] during the process of ascent—emplacement with reduction of magmatic total pressure (decompression) and/or melt oxidation due to differential degassing of H2.
Introducción al monográfico “La narrativa gráfica en el contexto tecnológico actual: de las tiras cómicas al periodismo cómic”
Authors: Baile López Eduard , Rovira-Collado José 
Published: January 2025

Dado el lenguaje interdisciplinario que la caracteriza, es casi ya un tópico aludir a las posibilidades expresivas de la narrativa gráfica, una etiqueta que, a su vez, goza de variadas iteraciones taxonómicas, bien sea el cómic, referente terminológico al que se acoge este número, el álbum o el libro ilustrado. Así pues, en todo lo que llevamos de siglo xxi el panorama creativo en torno al medio del cómic, especialmente en la vertiente conocida como novela gráfica, pone de manifiesto su aptitud para ser implementado como herramienta eficazmente comunicativa respecto a temas, contextos y enfoques muy diversos tales que el ámbito educativo, la medicina gráfica o, en atención al monográfico que nos ocupa, el periodismo cómic. Sin que ello sea obstáculo para que, por descontado, se pueda seguir desarrollando como medio narrativo ficcional y, asimismo, fuente de derivaciones intermediales y transmediáticas en relación al cine y la televisión, los videojuegos, la literatura u otros ámbitos artísticos. En cierta manera, no sería exagerado indicar que el cómic se constituye como una suerte de encrucijada formal del paisaje cultural y tecnológico contemporáneo (Varillas, 2013).

En este sentido, nos place, como coordinadores del presente número de la Miguel Hernández Communication Journal, publicación académica de prestigio a la que cabe reconocerle la perspicacia de abrir sus puertas a un ámbito iconicolingüístico tan sugestivo como hemos apuntado, invitar a la lectura de la media docena de artículos que componen este especial temático, cuyo título, “La narrativa gráfica en el contexto tecnológico actual: de las tiras cómicas al periodismo cómic”, apunta a nuestras intenciones, esto es, ofrecer un compendio o suma de perspectivas heterogéneas a propósito del uso del cómic como forma legítima y capaz de comunicación periodística en la actualidad (Matos, 2017). En definitiva, una panorámica que, desde aproximaciones teóricas y metodológicas varias que, en ocasiones, atienden también a las últimas transformaciones digitales, pondrán a la persona que lo lee sobre la pista de un género que se constituye como una estructura particularmente dúctil, a tenor, insistimos, de su peculiar hibridación entre lo visual y lo textual, para informar, educar y comentar sobre eventos actuales y/o temas sociales en la misma medida en que otros lenguajes lo han hecho tradicionalmente (Gisbert, 2022).
Metabolic support protects oral mucosa from ferroptosis in radiation-induced mucositis
Authors: Niu Li-na , Yu Weiwei , Jiao Kai , Wang Kaiyan , Wan Qianqian , Li Xiang , Hao Xinyi , Wan Meichen , Ma Yu-xuan , Wu Jiao , Liu Qing , Shi Mei , Tay Franklin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Ionizing radiation is effective in combating cancer but inflicts severe damage on the oral mucosa. The mechanisms behind this damage remain unclear, and current treatment modalities are primarily palliative. This study revealed that ferroptosis is the predominant reason for oral-radiation depletion of oral mucosal epithelial cells. More importantly, compensatory mechanisms are activated in the organism during the early stage after radiation exposure. These compensatory mechanisms arise from the metabolic support provided by fibroblasts. In the early post-radiation stage, fibroblasts supply polyamines, which are readily absorbed by basal epithelial cells, protecting them from ferroptosis. Local supplementation of polyamines effectively mitigates mucosal damage. This study emphasizes the important role of fibroblast-mediated metabolic support in protecting the oral mucosa from radiation-induced damage. Results of the study provide new insights into combating radiation-related diseases by enhancing the self-protective responses of living organisms.
Genomic Insights and Biogeography of Endemic Galapagos Geckos: Unraveling Population Structure and Species Delimitation Across Human-Inhabited Islands
Authors: Pozo Gabriela , Guadalupe Juan José , Pozo María José , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Cerca José , Alarcón-Bolaños Pablo , Suárez María Victoria , Dávila-Játiva Mateo , Peñaherrera-Romero Emilia , Brito-Zapata David , Velasco Daniel , Torres Maria de Lourdes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Islands offer invaluable opportunities for studying evolutionary processes due to their isolation and distinct environmental conditions. The Galapagos Islands, renowned for their rich biodiversity, host several endemic gecko species of the genus Phyllodactylus (Gekkota: Phyllodactylidae). Despite their importance derived from their specialized adaptations and their crucial role in maintaining ecosystem balance, few studies have been conducted on these geckos. This highlights the need for comprehensive genomic research to understand their evolutionary patterns and population dynamics. This study elucidates the genetic diversity and population structure of six endemic Phyllodactylus species found on four human-inhabited islands in the Galapagos using a RAD-Seq approach. The analysis of over 30,000 loci from 93 individuals revealed five distinct genetic clusters, corresponding to P. baurii, P. galapagensis, P. darwini, P. leei, and a combined cluster of P. simpsoni and P. andysabini. Our results indicate that P. galapagensis clusters with the combined P. simpsoni - P. andysabini group, while P. baurii shows close genetic relationships with both clusters, in accordance with the obtained phylogeny and the sequential emergence of the Galapagos Islands where each species is found. Substantial genetic differentiation was observed between species, with high FST and DXY values. However, our analyses indicate that gecko populations from across Isabela and Fernandina islands exhibit very low genetic differentiation, leading us to propose the synonymization of P. andysabini with P. simpsoni. Within-species population structure was associated with geographic barriers and gene flow restrictions. Surprisingly, human activity does not appear to be causing significant admixture among these populations; instead, population boundaries remain intact, indicating that geographic or behavioral barriers are stronger than human influences in limiting gene flow. Overall, we found low genetic diversity across species, probably due to their endemic nature and island isolation. This genomic study provides insights into the evolutionary dynamics shaping these unique geckos and highlights the importance of employing high-resolution genomic tools in insular ecosystems for their effective conservation and management.
Effectiveness of game-based learning for learning Anesthetic drug in Anesthesiology resident
Authors: Anchalee Santi , Deekiatphaiboon Chanya , Prathep Sumidtra , Jitpakdee Wilasinee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Active learning, particularly game-based learning, is an effective method for increasing participant engagement, fostering learners’ motivation, and promoting dynamic knowledge acquisition. The "Basic Pharmacology for Anesthesia" card game was created and evaluated for its effectiveness in teaching first- to third-year anesthesiology residents. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the trainees' satisfaction levels regarding learning through card games.
Methods
Nineteen anesthesiology residents participated in this cross-sectional observational study conducted at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University. The measured variables included pretest scores, posttest scores, and feedback and satisfaction ratings. Game-based learning was introduced prior to the posttest. The objective of the game was for players to collect a complete set of five cards for a specific anesthetic drug. The deck consisted of 55 cards representing 11 anesthetic drugs, each card detailed the drug’s name, dosage, onset and duration, contraindications, side effects, and metabolism or pharmacology. The test had a total score of 20 points, and satisfaction was assessed using a five-point Likert scale.
Results
A comparison of the pretest and posttest scores revealed improvements across all categories: 5.25 vs. 7.50 (p < 0.001) for induction drugs, 2.75 vs. 4.00 (p < 0.001) for volatile anesthetics, and 6.50 vs. 7.50 for neuromuscular agents. Additionally, the total score significantly increased from 13.75 on the pretest to 19 on the posttest. The overall satisfaction level was 4.84 (SD = 0.37).
Conclusions
Game-based learning can enhance anesthesiology residents' understanding of anesthetic drugs and has shown high levels of satisfaction. However, to achieve a more comprehensive evaluation, additional assessment methods, such as measuring learner engagement and comparing the outcomes of game-based learning with traditional teaching methods, should be implemented.
Photobiomodulation acutely applied to lipedema patients
Authors: Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Millan Curro , Kamamoto Fabio , Gornati Victor , Salem Lyvia Almeida Nascimento , Soler Marília , Andrade Ana Laura , Soares Ciro Dantas , Meyer Patrícia Froes 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Lipedema is a clinical entity that deserves special attention, as it is something that mainly affects women in specific hormonal phases such as menarche, pregnancy and menopause. Among the treatments there is surgery, something more invasive and indicated in the most serious cases, but as an alternative, conservative treatments may be indicated. Among them, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), which needs to be substantiated to obtain evidence of its effectiveness. A clinical study was carried out with 3 patients, in whom regions of skin with lipedema were removed through dermolipectomy (for previous indication) for histopathological analysis. PBMT was applied using LEDs (red and infrared) on one side, with the other as a control, without application. PBM was applied 3-4 hours before patients went into surgery. The skins were removed from both sides, one being treated and the other control. Qualitative analyzes (H&E) were performed, in addition to adipocyte histomorphometry, we use the following markers: caspase-3 (apoptosis), CD68 (macrophages), COX-2 and Cytochome P4501A1 (CYP1A1). The results showed that there was a positive response, including a reduction in the size of adipocytes under the skin site irradiated by LEDs, control of inflammation by increasing COX-2 and macrophages activity in this early post-treatment phase, increased apoptosis of adipocytes, and elevation of aromatase (CYP1A1), are membrane-associated hemoproteins that catalyze mono-oxygenation of endogenous and exogenous substrates such as hormones, fatty acids among other exogenous substances. It was the first paper using PBMT in lipedema, and as initial results, we can infer that there was a positive effect on the skin under the action of PBMT in the parameters used.
Charge Your Brainzzz: the systematic development of a whole systems action program promoting sleep health in adolescents
Authors: Heemskerk Danique M. , Busch Vincent , Piotrowski Jessica T. , Renders Carry M. , Stralen Maartje M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Inadequate sleep among Dutch adolescents is a complex public health issue with detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Previous interventions have shown limited or no lasting effects. While systems approaches help to understand and address such challenges, effective prevention efforts require evidence-based intervention design using behavior change techniques. This study outlines the systematic development of a ‘whole systems action program’, named Charge Your Brainzzz (CYB), to promote healthy sleep in Dutch adolescents aged 12-15, by integrating theory- and evidence-based behavior change methods using the Intervention Mapping Protocol into a systems science approach, combined with stakeholder engagement
Methods
The CYB program was developed based on previously identified key system dynamics influencing adolescent sleep and a detailed action plan targeting these dynamics. The development was guided by five steps inspired by the Intervention Mapping protocol: defining the program goal and prioritizing system dynamics outcomes across various interconnected subsystems (step 1), specifying performance objectives (step 2), constructing matrices of change objectives (step 3), developing program components while selecting theoretical methods and practical applications (step 4), and program production and formative testing (step 5). Adolescents, parents, teachers, school boards, school care coordinators, youth healthcare professionals, and Healthy School advisors were actively involved.
Results
The whole systems action program CYB consists of eight program components and includes: 1) an educational component, 2) a step-by-step guide for implementing school sleep health policies, 3) a parent information evening, 4) an online magazine, 5) Teen Sleep Check, 6) Sleep Guide, 7) Tool for monitoring and early detection for sleep (behavior) problems, and 8) implementation materials including a website.
Conclusions
The CYB program is the first whole systems action program designed to promote adolescent sleep health. Using a Systems Science approach, the Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol, and stakeholder engagement, the program addresses the complexity of the health issue, the lived experiences of the target groups, and a solid theoretical foundation for behavior change. Beyond presenting the program’s components, this study offers a replicable roadmap for addressing complex public health challenges, paving the way for innovative, system-oriented solutions in health promotion.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among Patients with Tuberculosis in Uganda
Authors: Olum Ronald , Nakkonde Damalie , Nassanga Gloria , Zalwango Sarah , Sekandi Juliet N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background: Substance use can negatively impact treatment adherence and health outcomes, thus exacerbating the burden of the disease. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with substance use among patients with TB disease in Kampala, Uganda.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 144 patients with drug-susceptible TB enrolled from July 2020 to March 2021 across five health facilities in Kampala. Eligible participants were 18-65 years old, diagnosed with TB, and had initiated treatment for <= one month. Exclusions included drug-resistant TB, severe illness, or impairments affecting study participation. Data on socio-demographics, substance use, and clinical characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Self-reported substance use was the outcome of interest. Descriptive statistics and simple logistic regression analyses were performed for factors associated with substance use. Stata version 18.0 was used for analysis.
Results: The participants had a median age of 34 years (IQR: 25.5 – 45.0); 50% were female and 31.9% were HIV infected. The prevalence of any substance use was 20.8% among TB patients. Alcohol use was the predominant substance (18.1%), followed by marijuana (2.8%) and tobacco (2.1%). Males were more likely than females to use any substances (COR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02 – 5.56, p=0.055), as were HIV-infected persons (COR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.40 – 7.34, p=0.006), and those affiliated with the Catholic religion (COR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.06 – 11.60, p=0.040).
Conclusion: Our study found a relatively high level of substance use among persons with TB. TB-HIV co-infected persons should be particularly targeted with interventions to minimize the negative health effects of substance use.
Enhancement of watermarking based on deep neural network for images
Authors: Eleiwy Jabbar Abed , Mahmood Ruqaya Shaker , Abdulrahman Asma A. , Muhi-Aldeen Hassan Mohamed , Tahir Fouad S. , Khlaponin Yurii 
Published: January 2025

The spread of the Internet of Things applications and the shared massive amount of data leads to the absence of data security and missing product protection, such as copyrights, pharmaceutical products, and online medical result fraud. To address the security gap, it is possible to propose a model based on developing a new filter derived from Laguerre polynomials based on essential mathematical operations by using the parent function to construct a new discrete Laguerre wavelets transform (DLWT) in image analysis with the watermark, as well as reaching an ideal algorithm through the readings from the deep learning convolutional neural network construction. New wavelets are presented, in the resultant network. The technique of separating the host image from the watermark is compared before and after separation is known as the convolution neural network wavelet transform (CNNWT). Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and natural correlation coefficient (NCC) values are the most crucial metrics from these results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested algorithm CNNWT with the QR code and the MATLAB is used in this approach. In this work, the watermark is immersed in the host image with the new discrete wavelets and the convolutional neural network, then the attacks are directed to complete the logistical process of recourse the results of PSNR and the values of the Natural Correlation Coefficient (NCC), reaching NC equal to one and worthy PSNR values. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested theory in this study the quality of the image and the watermark are preserved, which proves the efficiency of the proposed theory in addition, the accuracy is reached 98.64 % with a time of 23 seconds in an epoch.
Роль искусственного интеллекта в прогнозировании трудных дыхательных путей у взрослых: обзор литературы
Authors: Зайцев Андрей Юрьевич , Сорокин А. Б. , Зайцев Ю. А. , Дубровин К. В. , Усикян Э. Г. 
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION: The development of artificial intelligence has opened up the possibility of its application in the practice of an anesthesiologist in the direction associated with the most life-threatening complications — the prediction of difficult airways. This article is about the principles of artificial intelligence and the experience of its modern application to predict the difficult airways. OBJECTIVES: To explain principles of the artificial intelligence, to determine the role of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of difficult airways. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature on the international Pubmed database the Russian-language elibrary.ru. The search words for english language databases were: artificial intelligence, deep learning, difficult airways; for russian language: искусственный интеллект, глубокое машинное обучение, трудные дыхательные пути. There was no exclusion for publication year. The criteria for inclusion of articles were: systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized clinical trials, review articles. Exclusion criteria: clinical case, dissertation, abstract, thesis, application of artificial intelligence methods in pediatric practice. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The first part of the article "artificial intelligence — the history of creation and the main provisions" is devoted to the history of creation, the principles of artificial intelligence. In the second part, "what can artificial intelligence do in the diagnosis of difficult airways?" it was analyzed 13 articles were received for analysis. The main methods of searching for predictors of difficult airways are based on the use of photographs of patients, the use of anthropometry and physical examination data, methods using thermal imager heat maps using gradient-weighted class activation mapping. In all the analyzed works, the effectiveness of predicting difficult airways using artificial intelligence was noted, with the exception of the Siriussawakul et al. study. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic methods based on the artificial intelligence in the practice of the anesthesiologist make it easier to work and improve the detection of patients with difficult airways. However, there are still a number of unresolved issues regarding the legal and ethical components of the application of these methods in clinical practice.