bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactoferrin and surfactant protein A exhibit distinct binding specificity to F protein and differently modulate respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Sano Hitomi , Nagai Kazushige , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Kuroki Yoshio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSurfactant protein A (SP‐A) and lactoferrin (LF) play important roles in innate immune systems in the respiratory mucous membranes. We investigated how SP‐A and LF act against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The present study indicated that RSV‐induced IL‐8 secretion from HEp‐2 cells was up‐regulated by SP‐A (170% of control) but down‐regulated by LF (23% of control). RSV infectivity determined by viral titers and the uptake of FITC‐labeled RSV were also increased by SP‐A, but decreased by LF. To clarify the mechanism of these opposite effects, we examined the interactions of SP‐A and LF with RSV F protein, the most important surface glycoprotein for viral penetration. RSV F protein was found to be the ligand for both SP‐A and LF, but the manners of binding were different. LF directly interacted with the F1 subunit, which involved antigenic sites of F protein. Contrarily, SP‐A associated with the F2 subunit, which was highly glycosylated. SP‐A but not LF failed to interact with deglycosylated F protein. Moreover, SP‐A initiated the hemolyzing fusion activity of F protein. These results suggest that SP‐A and LF modulate RSV infection by different binding specificity to F protein.
Structural and farinographic changes during mixing of a yeast sweet dough
Authors: Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Neyra‐Guevara Mónica , Farrera‐Rebollo Reynold , Arana‐Errasquín Ramón , Mora‐Escobedo Rosalva 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSweet dough requires longer mixing time than salty or white pan bread doughs to reach a developed stage. Although many studies have dealt with the effect of mixing time on dough, few have referred to yeast sweet doughs. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the changes in dough microstructure during different stages of mixing were the same between sweet pan bread and white pan bread, using as control a flour water system. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and some bread characteristics were used as evaluation parameters. Doughs were prepared in a Brabender Farinograph instrument. Different mixing times were used for each formulation, which correspond to common farinographic parameters such as: arrival time, peak time, departure time, etc. Farinographic consistency was evaluated at those times. Results showed that sweet dough farinogram was quite different from those obtained from the other two samples; it starts with a low consistency value (260 BU( and after 8 min of mixing it began to increase until almost reaching the 500 BU line; then the graphic follows the classical curve. Larger products were obtained from arrival time to departure time for both formulations. SEM showed that as mixing proceeds the dough structure opens, changing its appearance from a compact structure at the beginning to a very open one at the end of the mixing process. SEM also showed that the process of mixing is the same for the two samples and control; however, the time needed to reach each stage was different among samples. Farinogram can be used to get information about mixing behavior of yeast sweet doughs. The study of mixing can be easier using sweet dough formulations because it was possible to get more points between the onset of mixing and full dough development, and the process was very similar no matter the formulation.
Isolation and characterization of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from wheat gliadin hydrolysate
Authors: Motoi Hirofumi , Kodama Toshiaki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAngiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide was isolated from wheat gliadin hydrolysate prepared with acid protease. Consecutive purification methods were used for peptide isolation including ion‐exchange chromatography, size‐exclusion chromatography, and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was identified as Ile‐Ala‐Pro, and the ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 value) was 2.7 μM. The hypotensive activity of Ile‐Ala‐Pro on spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated. This peptide inhibited the hypertensive activity of angiotensin I with intravenous injection, and decreased the blood pressure significantly with intraperitoneal administration.
New Acylated Saponins from Polygala myrtifolia
Authors: Haddad Mohamed , Miyamoto Tomofumi , Delaude Clément , Lacaille‐Dubois Marie‐Aleth 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe ten new acylated presenegenin (=(2β,3β,4α)‐2,3,27‐trihydroxyolean‐12‐ene‐23,28‐dioic acid) glycosides 1–10 have been isolated by successive MPLC from the roots of Polygala myrtifolia L. as five inseparable mixtures of the trans‐ and cis‐4‐methoxycinnamoyl derivatives, i.e., myrtifoliosides A1/A2 (1/2), B1/B2 (3/4), C1/C2 (5/6), D1/D2 (7/8), and E1/E2 (9/10). Their structures were elucidated mainly by extensive spectroscopic experiments, including 2D NMR techniques, as 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[D‐apio‐β‐D‐furanosyl‐(1→3)]‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐O‐[α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→3)]‐4‐O‐(trans‐4‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (1) and its cis‐isomer 2, 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐[D‐apio‐β‐D‐furanosyl‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐4‐O‐(trans‐4‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (3) and its cis‐isomer 4, 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐4‐O‐(trans‐4‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (5) and its cis‐isomer 6, 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐D‐apio‐β‐D‐furanosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐4‐O‐(trans‐4‐methoxycinnamoyl)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (7) and its cis‐isomer 8, and 3‐O‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)presenegenin 28‐{O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐O‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→4)]‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐4‐O‐(trans‐4‐ methoxycinnamoyl)‐β‐D‐fucopyranosyl} ester (9) and its cis‐isomer 10.
An Unexpected Atropisomerically Stable 1,1‐Biphenyl at Ambient Temperature in Solution, Elucidated by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD)
Authors: Freedman Teresa B. , Cao Xiaolin , Nafie Laurence A. , Kalbermatter Monica , Linden Anthony , Rippert Andreas Johannes 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBiphenyls with only two substituents at the ‘peri'‐position normally show rotation about their chiral axis at room temperature. Using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), we found no evidence for rotation of (P)‐2′‐[(4S)‐4,5‐dihydro‐4‐(1‐methylethyl)oxazol‐2‐yl][1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐methanol ((P,S)‐1) in CDCl3 about its chiral axis due to stabilization by intramolecular H‐bonding. All rotamers of 1 were calculated at the DFT level, and, from these optimized structures, the VCD spectra were calculated and compared to the measured VCD spectra. The best agreement between calculated and measured spectra is obtained when two rotamers are present in solution. These rotamers differ primarily in their intramolecular H‐bonding interactions, having either OH⋅⋅⋅N (the form present in the solid state) or OH⋅⋅⋅O H‐bonds, i.e., a rotation of the heterocycle in 1 takes place in solution.
On the Enantioselectivity of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Cycloadditions of 2‐Diazocyclohexane‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Müller Paul , Allenbach Yves F. , Bernardinelli Gérald 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe formal 1,3‐cycloaddition of 2‐diazocyclohexane‐1,3‐diones 1a–1d to acyclic and cyclic enol ethers in the presence of RhII‐catalysts to afford dihydrofurans has been investigated. Reaction with a cis/trans mixture of 1‐ethoxyprop‐1‐ene (13a) yielded the dihydrofuran 14a with a cis/trans ratio of 85 : 15, while that with (Z)‐1‐ethoxy‐3,3,3‐trifluoroprop‐1‐ene (13b) gave the cis‐product 14b exclusively. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction is consistent with a concerted rather than stepwise mechanism for cycloaddition. The asymmetric cycloaddition of 2‐diazocyclohexane‐1,3‐dione (1a) or 2‐diazodimedone (=2‐diazo‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione; 1b) to furan and dihydrofuran was investigated with a representative selection of chiral, nonracemic RhII catalysts, but no significant enantioselectivity was observed, and the reported enantioselective cycloadditions of these diazo compounds could not be reproduced. The absence of enantioselectivity in the cycloadditions of 2‐diazocyclohexane‐1,3‐diones is tentatively explained in terms of the Hammond postulate. The transition state for the cycloaddition occurs early on the reaction coordinate owing to the high reactivity of the intermediate metallocarbene. An early transition state is associated with low selectivity. In contrast, the transition state for transfer of stabilized metallocarbenes occurs later, and the reactions exhibit higher selectivity.
Aromatic stabilization in heterofullerenes C48X12 (X = N, P, B, Si)
Authors: Chen Zhongfang , Jiao Haijun , Moran Damian , Hirsch Andreas , Thiel Walter , Ragué Schleyer Paul von 
Published: September 2003

AbstractB3LYP density functional calculations were performed on two S6 symmetrical isomers (I and II) of C48X12 (X=N, B, P, Si) heterofullerenes, and their global and local aromaticity were evaluated by nucleus‐independent chemical shifts (NICS). Despite the unfavorable heteroatom repulsive interactions, isomer II is more stable than I owing to the combination of global and local aromaticity. The latter arises from the presence of triphenylene units in isomer II. The aromatic stabilization effects found in this study should be taken into account when predicting the most stable isomers of heterofullerenes. The same is true for predictions of the isomers of fullerene adducts such as C60Cl12. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions of sanguinarine and chelerythrine with molecules containing a mercapto group
Authors: Barták Petr , Šimánek Vilím , Vlčková Markéta , Ulrichová Jitka , Vespalec Radim 
Published: September 2003

AbstractCapillary zone electrophoresis was applied to the investigation of the interaction of sanguinarine and chelerythrine with mercapto compounds including albumins at pH 7.4. Mercaptoethanol and L‐cysteine were chosen for the identification of the type of interaction and for the identification of the interacting chemical form of these alkaloids. It was evidenced that sanguinarine and chelerythrine do not react chemically with these mercapto compounds at pH 7.4 and that non‐covalent products form in this interaction. Their interaction is a fast and reversible complexation and is based on non‐bonding intermolecular interactions. Conditional binding constants measured at pH 7.4 and 5.0 indicate that only uncharged forms of sanguinarine and chelerythrine (pseudobases) participate in complexation. A negatively charged group, either bound to the mercapto ligand or supplied by the solution, enters in the complexation. The simple 1 : 1 interaction scheme holds, therefore, only for mercapto compounds bearing an anionic group. Constants corrected for the abundance of the uncharged alkaloid form are of the order of magnitude of 104 l mol−1 and depend on the chemical composition of buffer. Interaction of sanguinarine and chelerythrine with human or bovine serum albumins is qualitatively identical with interaction of these alkaloids with simple mercapto compounds. Constants for the binding of uncharged form of sanguinarine with human and bovine serum albumins in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4, corrected for abundance of the interacting uncharged form, are 332 000±38 400 and 141 000±14 400 l mol−1, respectively. The former agrees well with the value K=385 000 (or log K=5.59) reported from static experiments. For the uncharged form of chelerythrine, the constants are 2 970 000±360 000 and 1 380 000±22 600 l mol−1 for human and bovine serum albumins, respectively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioremediation of petroleum‐impacted soils from investigation‐derived wastes
Authors: Sylva Traci Y. , Kinoshita Charles M. , Romano Rowena T. , Toma Marisa , Tsang Shu Ki , Chang Katherine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractOptimal conditions for bioremediation of investigation‐derived wastes from petroleum‐impacted
soils (PIS) were determined through biotreatability experiments. The PIS was collected as extruded cores
obtained during sample drilling. These samples were processed into workable media prior to treatment in
bioreactors. Soil moisture content in the bioreactors was adjusted to 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent
(control), and 60 percent, dry‐weight basis, and nutrient levels were adjusted by applying
fertilizer, yielding carbon (C) to nitrogen (N) ratios of 20:1, 10:1, and 5:1, versus a control
C:N ratio of 140:1. Temperature, pH, viable bacterial plate counts, contaminant degradation rate, and microbial
respiration were monitored. Concentrations of three selected branched alkanes in the aviation fuel contaminant,
measured by gas chromatography, decreased for most treatments. The greatest degradation occurred with a moisture
content of 40 percent and C:N ratio of 5:1. Increased contaminant degradation was consistent with increased
microbial activity measured by respiration. There was poorer correlation between contaminant degradation and viable
plate counts, which suggests that respirometry is a better measure of activity of the microbial population
responsible for contaminant degradation. General plate counts, which enumerate only a fraction of the total
population, may not be a reliable quantitative indicator of the actual microorganism population that is responsible
for degradation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fenfluramine evokes 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated responses but does not displace [11C]MDL 100907: Small animal PET and gene expression studies
Authors: Hirani Ella , Sharp Trevor , Sprakes Marie , Grasby Paul , Hume Susan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe in vivo binding of the 5‐HT2A receptor‐selective positron emission tomography (PET) ligand [11C]MDL 100907 and its sensitivity to endogenous 5‐HT were quantified in rat brain using quad‐HIDAC, a novel high‐resolution PET camera for small animals. Specific binding of [11C]MDL 100907, estimated using volume of interest (VOI) to cerebellum ratios, corresponded well with both the known distribution of 5‐HT2A receptors and tissue:cerebellum ratios obtained using ex vivo dissection. Specific binding was blocked by predosing with either nonradioactive MDL 100907 (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg i.v.) or the 5‐HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (2 mg/kg i.v.), but was unaffected in rats pretreated with the 5‐HT releasing agent, fenfluramine (10 mg/kg i.p.). In parallel studies, the same dose of fenfluramine was shown to be sufficient to cause an increase in the expression of the immediate early genes (IEG) c‐fos and Arc mRNA in cortical regions with high 5‐HT2A receptor density. This increase was blocked by MDL 100907 (0.2 mg/kg i.v.), confirming a 5‐HT2A receptor‐mediated effect. The results demonstrate that PET with [11C]MDL 100907 is insensitive to an increased concentration of synaptic 5‐HT, implying that the ligand can be used clinically to monitor 5‐HT2A receptor function or dysfunction in disease or during therapy, without the need to consider concomitant changes in neurotransmitter concentration. Synapse 50:251–260, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interplay Among Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Suicide: The Role of Depression, Poor Health, and Loved Ones' Messages of Support and Criticism
Authors: Brown Stephanie L. , Vinokur Amiram D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWhen individuals who receive social support are in poor physical or mental health and are criticized or made to feel unwanted, they may perceive themselves as a burden. Poor physical health and depression were hypothesized to exacerbate the harmful effects on suicidal ideation of receiving critical negative messages and of receiving social support. These hypotheses were tested using secondary analyses of data from a sample of 533 unemployed married individuals who were assessed shortly after job loss, and 6 months later. The results of our analyses supported the hypotheses and demonstrated that for participants with poor health or high level of depressive symptoms an increase in critical messages and social support (from Time 1 to Time 2) predicted increased suicidal ideation. This relationship was not observed for non‐ depressed participants in good health. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for suicide prevention.
Genetic Counseling Practices in Germany: A Comparison Between East German and West German Geneticists
Authors: Cohen Pamela E. , Wertz Dorothy C. , Nippert Irmgard , Wolff Gerhard 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAs part of an international study of ethics and genetics, we present a comparison between survey responses of 43 East German and 212 West German geneticists to anonymous questionnaires. Both groups indicated that the experience of the Third Reich has impacted the genetics profession in Germany today. East German geneticists reported more directive counseling practices after prenatal diagnosis for 10 of 26 conditions than those from West Germany. When asked to give their personal opinions about pregnancy termination, East Germans were more accepting of abortion than their West German colleagues for 7 of 24 fetal indications. In addition, there were significant differences between the two sample groups for 8 questions on the perception of disability and society. Discussions with German geneticists suggest that, while both groups were affected by Germany's experience of Nazism, different abortion laws, political systems, and ideas about the doctor‐patient relationship in former East and West Germany may account for discrepancies in reported genetic counseling practices and in attitudes toward abortion and disability.
Patterns of Coping Among Persons with HIV Infection: Configurations, Correlates, and Change
Authors: Fleishman John A. , Sherbourne Cathy D. , Cleary Paul D. , Wu Albert W. , Crystal Stephen , Hays Ron D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study examines coping in response to HIV infection, using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample (n = 2,864) of HIV‐infected persons. We investigated configurations of coping responses, the correlates of configuration membership, the stability of coping configurations, and the relationship of coping to emotional well‐being. Four coping configurations emerged from cluster analyses: relatively frequent use of blame‐withdrawal coping, frequent use of distancing, frequent active‐approach coping, and infrequent use of all three coping strategies (“passive” copers). Passive copers had few symptoms, high levels of physical functioning, and high emotional well‐being; blame‐withdrawal copers had the opposite pattern. Of those completing a second interview 1 year after baseline, 46% had the same coping configuration. Increases in the number of HIV‐related symptoms raised the probability of blame‐withdrawal coping at follow‐up, whereas decreases raised the probability of passive coping. Infrequent use of coping responses at baseline was related to greater emotional well‐being 1 year later. This result, in conjunction with the high levels of emotional well‐being in the passive cluster, suggests that high levels of distress can induce blame‐withdrawal coping whereas coping efforts are minimal when social support and emotional well‐being are high. Results highlight issues in ascertaining the causal direction between coping and psychological outcomes, as well as in specifying the nature of stressful situations with which people are coping.
Psychological Aspects of Genetic Counseling. IX. Teaching and Counseling
Authors: Kessler Seymour 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe goals, philosophies, and procedures of the teaching and counseling approaches to genetic counseling are differentiated and compared. The teaching approach, inherited from academic practitioners earlier in this century, appears to remain the dominant form of contemporary practice. With the introduction of more nonphysician professionals, attempts are being made to combine a teaching model with counseling procedures. The goals of the two models are conspicuously different; one attempts to end up with an “educated” counselee whereas the other hopes to leave the latter psychologically more autonomous and functional. Both models have strengths and limitations. The teaching model is essentially a form of health education, not counseling, and, with some exceptions, tends to fulfill its goals. The strategy of teaching, however, tends to undermine the psychological self‐directedness of counselees and thus interferes with the processes they need to draw on to make autonomous decisions. The strength of the counseling model is in helping counselees reach decisions and deal with the personal meaning of information. However, applying this model makes huge demands on the professional. Greater attention needs to be given by training programs to the pedagogical and counseling skills genetic counselors may need in their professional work.
Role of smoking and HbA1c level in periodontitis among insulin‐dependent diabetic patients
Authors: Syrjälä Anna‐Maija H. , Ylöstalo Pekka , Niskanen Mirka C. , Knuuttila Matti L. E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractObjectives:  The aim was to analyse the role of smoking and HbA1c level in attachment loss (AL) and probing depths (PDs) among insulin‐dependent diabetic patients.Material and Methods:  The study subjects were selected from a group of 149 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients and included 64 patients (39 men and 25 women) aged 30 years or older. Data were obtained from patient records and by clinical examination. The outcome variables were the number of sites with AL and PDs of 5–9 mm. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models. RR was adjusted for the number of teeth, dental calculus and age.Results:  RR for AL among the smokers was 4.15 (95% CI: 2.30–7.63) and that for PD among the smokers was 7.96 (95% CI: 4.91–13.19). HbA1c was not related to AL or PD. Among smokers with HbA1c>8.5, RR for AL was 12.34 (95% CI: 4.14–39.35), but RR was not elevated for PD.Conclusions:  It can be concluded that the poor metabolic control together with smoking is extremely detrimental for AL.