bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis Intervention With Abused Children
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Family crises are not unusual events in the field of child protection. A child’s disclosure of sexual molestation, the birth of a drug-addicted infant, the discovery of a teenager’s dependence on drugs, a parent’s arrest for violent behavior, the threat of a family’s eviction from public housing, or a parent overwhelmed with the needs of a child illustrate just some of the crises experienced by families. Although the state of crisis is short lived, generally lasting 4–6 weeks, it is a period of heightened family vulnerability and imbalance that requires a carefully planned response. Of course, not all families in crisis have incidents of child abuse. However, substance abuse, family dynamics, and other stressors can cause adults to act out in abusive ways toward children.
Crisis Intervention With Persons Diagnosed HIV Positive
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The latest estimates indicate that at the end of 2003, HIV prevalence—the total number of persons with HIV—was roughly 1 million (estimated range between 1,039,000 and 1,185,000) (CDC, 2008). Approximately one-fourth (24%–27%) of HIV-infected persons are believed to be unaware of their infection, underscoring the need to expand opportunities for HIV testing.
Crisis Intervention With Children in the Aftermath of School Violence
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schools have received much focus regarding the need to develop response to crisis events at all levels, beginning in elementary schools and progressing through institutions of higher learning. When a tragedy strikes a school, both the students and the community are impacted by the loss of life or other form of devastation. Crisis within school settings range from loss of life to disease, automobile accidents, home fires, natural disasters, progressing to complex cases of home- and community-based violence, including homicide. Finally, crisis within schools have progressed to violence and homicide within the school itself. In 1991, the School Crisis Response Initiative was formed to address how schools might best prepare for crisis. The organizing group was made up of representatives from the fields of education, pediatric medicine, psychology, social work, and police. The group set three initial goals: and social service providers (Chemtob, Nakashima, & Carlson, 2002; Lichtenstein, Schonfeld, Kline, & Speese-Linehan, 1995; Schonfeld, Kline, & Members of the Crisis Intervention Committee, 1994).
Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Floods
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters defines a disaster as ‘‘a situation or event which overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to a national or international level for external assistance.’’ This is the case in natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornados, blizzards, and tsunamis. Given this expanded definition of disaster, for purposes of this section we will consider disasters as events placing survivors at increased risk of experiencing intense reactions to natural or human created devastation and destruction, including loss of human life.
Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Model
Authors: Roberts Albert R , Yeager Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, the victim assistance movement has received more positive attention than ever, and has gained tremendous momentum with the passage of state and federal legislation designed to provide resources and services to those who are physically or emotionally traumatized or victimized (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2001; Young, 1994). Debriefing is a specific technique designed to assist others in dealing with the physical or psychological symptoms that are generally associated with trauma exposure. Debriefing allows those involved with the incident to process the event and reflect on its impact.
When Maintaining Energy Balance Becomes a Challenge
Authors: Epstein Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The diagnosis of a chronic, often disabling, disease can present many challenges in light of the everyday struggles in life. A new diagnosis could almost be compared to a new marriage or a new baby. Wouldn’t it be nice if these challenges came with an instruction book? Instructions on how to manage life after a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), heart disease, stroke, or any other chronic illness are available only in theory not practice. There is a wealth of information about the specific disease itself, the prognosis, and the progression, but no hands-on approach for practicing the steps of daily living. A specific nutritional and exercise plan or a prescription for weight control may be available, but is nothing but words on a page unless behavior change is addressed. I often tell my patients that if they practiced the principles I have taught them at a spa resort, where the environment and calories are controlled, each would most likely reach their goal. But what happens when you are back home faced with the usual daily demands of life? The challenge is in learning how to practice healthy behaviors to decrease stress, maintain a healthy bodyweight, maximize energy, and participate in physical activity.
Developing Health Behaviors Using a Psychological Model
Authors: Epstein Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lifestyle change begins with you and your willingness to try something new. Having an open mind will help you acquire new skills to reduce your health risks, reduce aches and pains, improve your strength and mobility, and in general, just feel better. However, an open mind is only the appetizer. Given the complexity of behavior change and the difficulty many people have in adhering to the “rules” of treatment, an understanding of factors that influence behavior change is needed. The goal is to master the necessary tools to develop behaviors that will make you a healthy individual.
Understanding the basis of a behavioral program will provide a solid foundation for the use of the methods presented. The brain is the basis of all behavior. How we act, think, learn, and live take place in the brain. Almost everything we do is learned through practice, time, and experience.
The Dangers of Running on Empty
Authors: Epstein Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If only I had tracked the numbers during my competitive running days, I may have realized my “tank” was nearly empty. My complaints as an elite athlete were similar to that of a patient with a chronic illness: fatigue, depression, and muscle pain. Looking at the records would have quickly identifled the caloric deficit I was building. I was consuming about 1600 calories a day, but expending close to 1000. In other words, I was relying on 600 calories to provide me with the energy my body needed to function throughout the rest of the day when I was not running. In short, I was “running on empty.”
Most multiple sclerosis (MS) patients report similar symptoms of fatigue. The question is whether the fatigue is a symptom of the disease, poor nutrition, or a result of some other unrelated illness. Fatigue certainly can be related to “running on empty.” When the body is denied calories and is underfed, metabolism naturally slows down to protect energy stores. So instead of burning an average of 10–15 calories per pound of bodyweight, you may be burning 8–10 calories per pound. This results in you needing fewer calories to maintain current bodyweight. This then translates into eating less and compromising nutrition.
Avoiding Calorie Pitfalls
Authors: Epstein Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Have you ever overdrawn your bank account? Your checkbook says $500, but the bank says $50. Guess who wins? Generally, you have to review all of your checks and balances, withdrawals, and deposits, until you find the error. Through scrutinizing eyes you discover you dropped a few zeros when figuring the math or neglected to record that last minute ATM withdrawal. What happens when the scale does not match up with your estimated weight loss or weight gain? I monitor weight loss in four-week blocks, not on a daily basis. This allows bodyweight fluctuations to stabilize. The scale does not measure fluctuations in body water just like it cannot discriminate between shifts in fat. For many the scale can be the biggest “pitfall” and the reason for detours with attempts at dieting. The person who is working very hard at losing weight will become discouraged if the scale is the only means of reinforcement. When the math just doesn’t add up, and you feel you have been working hard to lose excess pounds, but the scale says otherwise, refer to the following facts.
Thinking about Yoga or Tai Chi?
Authors: Epstein Susan J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Using a mind–body approach to illness, stress, and even during athletic competition is a common practice today. In recent years, yoga and Tai Chi have become popular alternatives to traditional fitness activities, such as weight lifting and aerobics. As an individual with multiple sclerosis (MS), whose mobility and strength are limited, one of these Eastern arts may be the right exercise program for you. Many sports and aerobic activities cause body temperature to rise, which may temporarily worsen your symptoms. Concern over current conditioning combined with fatigue, spasticity, weakness, or poor balance may prevent a person from even considering any activity that uses the body to perform postures. This chapter should dispel any myths of whether these activities are appropriate for the MS patient.
Yoga’s emphasis is on feeling your body and controlling your breathing. Living with MS or any disease can take away the sense of control of your body, leaving you with muscles that don’t always work when you want them to and a mind that can be filled with constant worries about the deficits that plague your body. The practice of yoga was not something I caught onto quickly.
Communicating Scientific Information: The Scientific Paper
Authors: Valiela Ivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basic parts of the scientific paper are familiar to most people: introduction, methods, results, discussion. Other items, such as the title, abstract or summary, acknowledgments, references cited, and sometimes appendices, may be less prominent but nevertheless need a great deal of thought. The parts of scientific papers have evolved as a result of much experience grappling with the problem of how to communicate sometimes complex concepts and results in a clear, economical fashion. The goal is a paper that is easy to read; the problem is that such papers are hard to write.
Other Means of Scientific Communication
Authors: Valiela Ivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have used our best scientific intuition to discern the important question, we have designed the best possible way to test the question, we have used innovative ways to do the needed measurements, and we have excellent data; at some point in our scientific lives we will surely have to give the dreaded oral presentation. The first point to make about talks is that even experienced speakers have some apprehension at the prospect. The second point is that giving talks is theater. What makes for successful theater? A good story line, for starters.
Case Studies of Graphical Data Presentation
Authors: Valiela Ivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 9 we discussed reasonably good examples of the various types of graphics. Choice of graphics is to some extent up to the author, but it is easy to graph data in ways that impair graphical perception. I have always found it difficult, however, to learn from exhortations such as “Make good graphics!” Instead, I think that it is easier to learn what to avoid by examining examples of imperfect design. As practice in graphic design, in this chapter we encounter some examples of different graphics as they appeared in print, briefly critique the design, and discuss suggestions that, at least in my opinion, will improve communication of the data. As we go through this “Bestiary of Graphical Misdesign,” keep in mind that the purpose of graphics is to allow a clear, untrammeled, truthful, and perhaps attractive view of the information.
Perceptions and Criticisms of Science
Authors: Valiela Ivan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live at a time in which science and technology are moving forward at dizzying rates; knowledge—although perhaps not wisdom—is being generated so fast that today in one year we are accumulating more information than was acquired in the first 50 years of the twentieth century. This information avalanche results from the enormous increase in scientific activity: perhaps 90% of the scientists who have ever lived are alive today. New discoveries challenge long-held beliefs, ideas, and facts, and there are too many new findings to assimilate. The blizzard of scientific revelations becomes incomprehensible, threatening to our sense of place in the world, and perhaps even irrelevant. Science is regarded by many, perhaps as Jehovah was by the Israelites, with respect, fear, and utter incomprehension (Tuomey 1996); we might add skepticism to that list.
On The Translation
Authors: Golder Herbert , Pevear Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dialogues in this version of the Aias are composed in sprung rhythm, with three stresses to a line. There is no set pattern in which the stresses fall and no rule governing the number of unstressed syllables in the line. The stresses may be single or doubled. This system allows for lines as brief as to be read as prosodically equivalent. Sprung rhythm is the natural rhythm of speech heightened by the formal constraint of a fixed number of stresses and the ear’s perception of regularity behind the irregularity. Keeping the number of stresses in mind will also help the reader (or actor) to hear how the lines should be spoken.
Notes
Authors: Golder Herbert , Pevear Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The wooden stage building (skene) represents Aias’ camp; the central, double doors, or gates, lead to his quarters. Two side entrances, one of which was probably used to represent the ‘‘Greek’’ side, that is, the side leading to and from the Greek camp, and the other the side by which Aias and those close to him come and go, visually reenforce the play’s thematic polarities. As the tracking scene suggests, the time is very likely dawn, the traditional starting time of the day’s first play. Since the Theater of Dionysos was open, the dramatist made ‘‘the world’’ his stage. The reader should try to visualize the effect: day dawns as the strange tracks leading to Aias become clear. By involving the natural world in his drama, Sophocles creates an immediate sense of the cosmic scope of Aias’ tragedy. (Cf. Aeschylus’ use of dawning light to dramatize the world-dimension of his Agamemnon.)
Introduction
Authors: Williams C K , Dickerson Gregory W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mutability; uncertainty; a universe of precipitous change: these are at the heart of three of the seven surviving tragedies of Sophocles. In Ajax the hero confronts abrupt changes in human values and relationships, recognizes them as part of the pattern of universal flux, and escapes submission by self-destruction. In Oedipus sight is annulled by blindness, illusion by truth, intellect by irrationality. But nowhere have these themes been elaborated with more urgency or austerity than in Women of Trachis. There are no gradual alterations in this tragedy, no subtle shifts of fortune, but stunning and total reversals, moving forward with the relentlessness of a turning wheel: thesis, crushing antithesis, and—at the moment of transformation—violence and destruction. This pattern of opposition and cyclicity prevails throughout the play. Things occur, occur again, in another form, to another person, until, by the end, characters, images, past and present, all seem to have fused under a single mask of human helplessness, of subjugation to time and change, of bitterness and defiance.
Introduction
Authors: Carson Anne , Shaw Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The long siege of Troy, a city on the coast of Asia Minor, is one of the major events in the world of Greek myth. The first surviving work of Greek literature, the Iliad of Homer, is largely concerned with it. The Iliad itself is about an event in the ninth year of that siege, a quarrel in the Greek camp between Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek rulers, and Achilles, their best warrior, that leads to Achilles’ withdrawal. This in turn leads to a series of events that end with the death of the Trojans’ best warrior, Hektor. But in the course of that story, Homer tells us much of the earlier history of the war and reveals that after Hektor’s death Troy’s fall will inevitably follow.
Notes
Authors: Phillips Carl , Clay Diskin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1–178 / 1–134 Prologue 3 / 2 Lemnos An island in the northern Aegean just under Mt. Athos, which looms to the north. It is a stage on the way from mainland Greece to the Tread. In Sophocles’ time it was an important and inhabited island, and its two main cities (Myrrhine and Hephaistia) were virtually Attic demes. Remarkably, Sophocles makes it an uninhabited island, despite its description in the Iliad as being well populated and the realm of the son of Jason and Hypsipyle (Iliad 7.467 and 21.40).
The Balkans: Nomen
Authors: Todorova Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As befits the obsession of present Western academic culture with language, the Balkan specter that haunts it is not a character but a name, a signifier. In a Ferdinand de Saussurean system of thought, the signifier is directly related to the signified, as both are elements of a unity. While insisting on their distinction, Ferdinand de Saussure emphasized the precarious balance between the two, the reassuring equilibrium and correspondence between propositions and reality. Post structuralism introduced a hierarchy by conferring the dominant part to the signifier. For someone like Derrida, there can never occur a coincidence between word and thing or thought.
Patterns of Perception until 1900
Authors: Todorova Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While travel literature became a fashionable genre and produced a significant body of writings all over Europe, its widest and most welcome market was Britain, which had the strongest opportunity to disseminate particular attitudes to a comparatively large audience. It is impossible to compare the travel literature of different countries fairly, but there is no doubt that in Britain travelers’ accounts were the preferred reading after novels in the course of several centuries, and “although the literature of travel is not the highest kind, . . . yet a history of English literature rightly as- signs a space apart to such books, because this kind of writing, perhaps more than any other, both expresses and influences national predilections and national character.”
From Discovery to Invention, from Invention to Classification
Authors: Todorova Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the beginning of the twentieth century, an image of the Balkans had already been shaped in European literature; moreover, it was almost exclusively under the name Balkan that it was further elaborated. Although far from being unanimous, it held many features in common. The geographic discovery was going hand in hand with a simultaneous invention of the region; the two processes are, in fact, insepa-rable. A travel narrative, like any other, “simultaneously presents and represents a world, that is, simultaneously creates or makes up a reality and asserts that it stands indepen- dent of that same reality.” The discovery of the Balkans falls within the general ru-bric of how people deal with difference.
Chapter 1
Authors: Chatterji Bankimchandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“O Peee—Peepee—Prafulla—Wretch,” mother called affectionately. “Coming mother.” The daughter went up to her mother and said, “Yes, mother?” “Why don’t you go to the Ghosh’s house and ask them for an eggplant?” asked her mother coaxingly.
Chapter 1
Authors: Chatterji Bankimchandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seventh day of the bright half of May had come, but no effort had been made to pay the debt owed to Queen Debi. Haraballabh himself was now clear of debt. If he had wanted he could easily have collected the money to pay Debi off, but he was quite unconcerned about that. When Brajesvar saw that Haraballabh had done nothing at all about the matter, he raised the topic several times but each time Haraballabh had stopped him with some excuse. The seventh day of the bright half of May was almost upon them—there were only a few days left. When Brajesvar began to press his father about the money, Haraballabh replied, “All right, don’t worry. I’m off to get the money. I’ll be back on the sixth day.” So Haraballabh set off from home in a sedan-chair, with a Brahmin cook, retainers and two lathials (or guards) in tow.
Chapter 1
Authors: Chatterji Bankimchandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
VARIANTS
“Peepee”: DCsv has “Pip” instead.
* “but Prafulla grabbed the basket . . .”: DCsv has instead: “but Prafulla took the basket from her and threw away the little rice that remained. Astonished, her mother asked, “What are you doing? You’ve thrown away even the little we had?” Her mother wiped the tears from her eyes and said, “You’ve everything you could wish for, my dear” etc.
* “She cooked whatever rice there was . . .”: DCsv has instead: “Then she borrowed some rice and cooked it, but Prafulla wouldn’t eat a thing” etc.
* “ ‘No, leave it as it is,’ said Prafulla”: DCsv adds: “Let them see the state they’ve kept me in,” then concludes with the last sentence of the standard text: “Then both left the house” etc.
The Text and Translation
Authors: Herrman Judson 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Funeral Oration was one of the first examples of Greek literature rediscovered on papyrus in the middle of the nineteenth century. It was found near Egyptian Thebes and brought to London in late 1856 by H. Stobart. The first editor, Churchill Babington, arranged the fifteen fragments into fourteen columns. This arrangement is clearly confirmed by the texts on both sides of the papyrus, and quickly won wide assent. Friedrich Blass made one important modification when he recognized that the fragments Babington had classified as the first two columns in fact join to form one column. One additional small piece of the papyrus (my fragment 1a) has not been placed; it must come from the right half of col. 11 or from an additional section of the papyrus, otherwise lost, that came after col. 13.
A multidimensional problem
Authors: Ceci Stephen J , Williams Wendy M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we lay out a set of interrelated phenomena: Women are underrepresented in math-intensive STEM fields; they are also underrepresented at the extremes of the spatial cognition and mathematic aptitude distributions; and there is some evidence that spatial cognition is a causal agent in mastering complex math. Finally, there is evidence that those who succeed in math-intensive fields come from the outer right tails of the mathematics and spatial cognition distributions—the top 1% or higher. Putting these pieces together has led some scholars to the following causal interpretation.
Opening arguments: Environment
Authors: Ceci Stephen J , Williams Wendy M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we delve into the nonbiological and noncognitive factors that have been touted by some researchers as causes of the underrepresentation of women in math-intensive STEM fields. The discussion will focus on claims about the influences of early experiences, preferences, parental and teacher biases, societal stereotypes, and claims of discrimination. We begin with some snapshots of research showing environmental influences (or failing to show biological influences) on sex differences in STEM careers.