bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress of Paris polyphylla in the treatment of digestive tract cancers
Authors: Wang Jia , Ni Bao-yi , Wang Jing , Han Lei , Ni Xin , Wang Xin-miao , Cao Lu-chang , Sun Qian-hui , Han Xin-pu , Cui Hu-jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer has become one of the most important causes of human death. In particular, the 5 year survival rate of patients with digestive tract cancer is low. Although chemotherapy drugs have a certain efficacy, they are highly toxic and prone to chemotherapy resistance. With the advancement of antitumor research, many natural drugs have gradually entered basic clinical research. They have low toxicity, few adverse reactions, and play an important synergistic role in the combined targeted therapy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A large number of studies have shown that the active components of Paris polyphylla (PPA), a common natural medicinal plant, can play an antitumor role in a variety of digestive tract cancers. In this paper, the main components of PPA such as polyphyllin, C21 steroids, sterols, and flavonoids, amongst others, are introduced, and the mechanisms of action and research progress of PPA and its active components in the treatment of various digestive tract cancers are reviewed and summarized. The main components of PPA have been thoroughly explored to provide more detailed references and innovative ideas for the further development and utilization of similar natural antitumor drugs.
Pathways from research to sustainable development: Insights from ten research projects in sustainability and resilience
Authors: Scaini Anna , Mulligan Joseph , Berg Håkan , Brangarí Albert , Bukachi Vera , Carenzo Sebastian , Chau Thi Da , Courtney-Mustaphi Colin , Ekblom Anneli , Fjelde Hanne , Fridahl Mathias , Hansson Anders , Hicks Lettice , Höjer Mattias , Juma Benard , Kain Jaan-Henrik , Kariuki Rebecca W. , Kim Soben , Lane Paul , Leizeaga Ainara , Lindborg Regina , Livsey John , Lyon Steve W. , Marchant Rob , McConville Jennifer R. , Munishi Linus , Nilsson David , Olang Luke , Olin Stefan , Olsson Lennart , Rogers Peter Msumali , Rousk Johannes , Sandén Hans , Sasaki Nophea , Shoemaker Anna , Smith Benjamin , Thai Huynh Phuong Lan , Varela Varela Ana , Venkatappa Manjunatha , Vico Giulia , Von Uexkull Nina , Wamsler Christine , Wondie Menale , Zapata Patrick , Zapata Campos María José , Manzoni Stefano , Tompsett Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrawing on collective experience from ten collaborative research projects focused on the Global South, we identify three major challenges that impede the translation of research on sustainability and resilience into better-informed choices by individuals and policy-makers that in turn can support transformation to a sustainable future. The three challenges comprise: (i) converting knowledge produced during research projects into successful knowledge application; (ii) scaling up knowledge in time when research projects are short-term and potential impacts are long-term; and (iii) scaling up knowledge across space, from local research sites to larger-scale or even global impact. Some potential pathways for funding agencies to overcome these challenges include providing targeted prolonged funding for dissemination and outreach, and facilitating collaboration and coordination across different sites, research teams, and partner organizations. By systematically documenting these challenges, we hope to pave the way for further innovations in the research cycle.
Can Online Music Platforms Be Fair? An Interdisciplinary Research Manifesto
Authors: Mazziotti Giuseppe , Ranaivoson Heritiana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this article we present a manifesto for research into the complex interplay between social media, music streaming services, and their algorithms, which are reshaping the European music industry – a sector that has transitioned from ownership to access-based models. Our focus is to assess whether the current digital economy supports a fair and sustainable development for cultural and creative industries. The manifesto is designed to pave the way for a comprehensive analysis. We begin with the context of our research by briefly examining the de-materialisation of the music industry and the critical role of proprietary algorithms in organising and ranking creative works. We then scrutinise the notion of “fairness” within digital markets, a concept that is attracting increasing policy interest in the EU. We believe that, for “fairness” to be effective, the main inquiry around this concept – especially as regards remuneration of music creators – must be necessarily interdisciplinary. This presupposes collaboration across complementary fields to address gaps and inconsistencies in the understanding of how these platforms influence music creation and consumption and whether these environments and technologies should be regulated. We outline how interdisciplinary expertise (political science, law, economics, and computer science) can enhance the current understanding of “fairness” within Europe’s cultural policies and help address policy challenges. The article details how our research plan will unfold across various disciplinary hubs of a Horizon Europe project (Fair MusE) that aims to explore the challenges and opportunities of today’s digital music landscape. The plan culminates in the integration of these hubs’ findings to deliver “key exploitable results”.
New Breath Diagnostics for Fungal Disease
Authors: Diefenderfer Jenna , Bean Heather D. , Higgins Keppler Emily A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Diagnosis of fungal disease etiology is often difficult, compounded by inaccurate or delayed diagnostic methods. Breath-based biomarkers are being investigated as a novel target for clinical diagnostics. This review aims to summarize recent advancements, identify gaps, and discuss future research directions for breath-based fungal diagnostics.

Recent Findings
Studies conducted in vitro, in animal models, and in human breath show fungi produce a large and diverse volatile metabolome. Recent studies on Aspergillus, Candida, Rhizopus, Coccidioides, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Alternaria demonstrate the feasibility of identifying infectious etiology using fungal volatile profiles. However, the majority of data on fungal volatiles come from in vitro analyses, which have limited translatability to in vivo infections; thus, future studies should focus on in vivo volatile profiles to develop breath tests for diagnosing infections and monitoring antifungal therapy.

Summary
This review describes recent studies that examine volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers to detect and differentiate pathogenic fungi, highlighting the feasibility of breath-based diagnostics for fungal disease.
Exploring Automatic Readability Assessment for Science Documents within a Multilingual Educational Context
Authors: Uçar Suna-Şeyma , Aldabe Itziar , Aranberri Nora , Arruarte Ana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCurrent student-centred, multilingual, active teaching methodologies require that teachers have continuous access to texts that are adequate in terms of topic and language competence. However, the task of finding appropriate materials is arduous and time consuming for teachers. To build on automatic readability assessment research that could help to assist teachers, we explore the performance of natural language processing approaches when dealing with educational science documents for secondary education. Currently, readability assessment is mainly explored in English. In this work we extend our research to Basque and Spanish together with English by compiling context-specific corpora and then testing the performance of feature-based machine-learning and deep learning models. Based on the evaluation of our results, we find that our models do not generalize well although deep learning models obtain better accuracy and F1 in all configurations. Further research in this area is still necessary to determine reliable characteristics of training corpora and model parameters to ensure generalizability.
Monodispersed biodegradable microparticles with wrinkled surface coated with silver nanoparticles for catalytic degradation of organic toxins
Authors: Chen Minjun , Bolognesi Guido , Begum Robina , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Vladisavljević Goran T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrofluidic fabrication of monodisperse microgels for biomedical, nanotechnological, environmental, and catalytic applications has become the subject of growing interest. In this work, monodisperse polyethylene glycol diacrylate [P(EGDA)] microgel particles were fabricated using a CNC-milled microfluidic device with a Lego-inspired interlocking mechanism. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesised and stabilised in situ on the wrinkled surface of the microgel particles using AgNO3 as a metal precursor and NaBH4 as a reductant. The loading of AgNPs (7.5 wt%) on microgel beads was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. Surface wrinkles were found to be a useful morphological feature acting as reservoirs for the accumulation of AgNPs. Ag–P(EGDA) hybrid polymer particles were shown to be an efficient catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) into 4-aminophenol (4AP) by sodium borohydride at room temperature. After 40 min, 0.08 M 4NP was completely converted into 4AP using 2.1 mg/mL of Ag–P(EGDA) catalytic particles, and the reaction followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The apparent rate constant increased from 0.0142 to 0.117 min−1 when the loading of catalytic particles increased from 1.7 to 2.50 mg/mL indicating that the reduction is occurring on the catalyst surface according to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model. Ag–P(EGDA) hybrid microgel was a potent and recyclable catalyst for room-temperature degradation of methylene blue (MeB) by NaBH4. At the Ag–P(EGDA) loading of 2.0 mg/mL, 25 µM of MeB was completely degraded in 6 min. Composite Ag–P(EGDA) microgel beads can be used as an eco-friendly and easily recoverable catalyst for the transformation of other organic pollutants into useful chemicals.
Graphical abstract
Translating a Culture of Quality to Clinical Research Conduct: Expanding the Clinical Development Quality Framework
Authors: Torok Michael , Sam Leslie , Hebert Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe International Council on Harmonisation E8 Guidance Revision 1 (ICH E8(R1)) calls for creating a Culture of Quality that “values and rewards critical thinking and open, proactive dialogue about what is critical to quality.” Across the biopharma landscape, clinical sites, sponsors, and service providers are working to translate this far-reaching guideline into working practices. This manuscript deconstructs key elements that comprise the critical thinking and open, proactive Culture of Quality “enablers.” In addition, maturity models are provided so readers can visualize what a Culture of Quality looks like in their clinical research organization. These provide examples of high performing cultures of quality and useful tools for teams or organizations to measure and evolve their respective quality cultures.
Water Maser Zeeman Splitting in the Ionized Jet IRAS 19035+0641 A
Authors: Rodríguez Tatiana M. , Momjian Emmanuel , Hofner Peter , Sarma Anuj P. , Araya Esteban D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA key ingredient in the earliest evolutionary phase of high-mass (M>8 M⊙) star formation (HMSF) is the presence of a jet/outflow system. To study its role in HMSF, we have carried out high resolution (0.1″) VLA K-band (18-26.5 GHz) observations toward IRAS 19035+0641 A, identified as a high-mass protostellar jet candidate based on previous cm continuum data. Our observations resolve the continuum emission into an elongated structure in the NE-SW direction, confirming that the K-band continuum arises from an ionized jet. Furthermore, we detected several 22.2 GHz H2O maser spots aligned in a direction consistent with the jet axis. Zeeman splitting was detected in the strongest maser spot. In this paper, we present our results and discuss the implications of our findings.
Water Fountain Sources Monitored in FLASHING
Authors: Imai Hiroshi , Amada Kei , Gómez José F. , Uscanga Lucero , Tafoya Daniel , Nakashima Keisuke , Shum Ka-Yiu , Hamae Yuhki , Burns Ross A. , Shibata Yosuke , Kasai Rina , Takashima Miki , Orosz Gabor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe have investigated the spectral evolutions of H2O and SiO masers associated with 12 “water fountain” sources in our FLASHING (Finest Legacy Acquisitions of SiO-/H2O-maser Ignitions by Nobeyama Generation) project. Our monitoring observations have been conducted using the Nobeyama 45 m telescope every 2 weeks–2 months since 2018 December except during summer seasons. We have found new extremely high velocity H2O maser components, breaking the records of jet speeds in this type of sources. Systematic line-of-sight velocity drifts of the H2O maser spectral peaks have also been found, indicating acceleration of the entrained material hosting the masers around the jet. Moreover, by comparing with previous spectral data, we can find decadal growths/decays of H2O maser emission. Possible periodic variations of the maser spectra are further being inspected in order to explore the periodicity of the central stellar system (a pulsating star or a binary). Thus we expect to see the real-time evolution/devolutions of the water fountains over decades.
Maser science with the next generation Very Large Array (ngVLA)
Authors: Hunter Todd R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractImaging the bright maser emission produced by the various molecular species from 1.6 to 116 GHz provides a way to probe the kinematics of dense molecular gas at high angular resolution. Unimpeded by the high dust optical depths that affect shorter wavelength (sub)mm observations, the high brightness temperature of these emission lines have become an essential tool for understanding the process of massive star formation. Operating from 1.2–116 GHz, the next generation Very Large Array (ngVLA) of 263 antennas will provide the capabilities needed to fully exploit these powerful tracers, including the ability to resolve accretion and outflow motions down to scales as fine as ∼1-10 au in deeply embedded Galactic star-forming regions, and at sub-pc scales in nearby galaxies. I will summarize the proposed specifications of the ngVLA, describe the current status of the project, and offer examples of future experiments designed to image the vicinity of massive protostars in continuum, thermal lines, and maser lines simultaneously.
Nascent planetary nebulae: new identifications and extraordinary evolution
Authors: Cala Roldán A. , Gómez José F. , Miranda Luis F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPlanetary nebulae (PNe) harbouring masers of H2O (H2OPNe) and/or OH (OHPNe) are thought to be nascent PNe. They are extremely scarce, and so far only eight members are know to date. Here we explain our current effort to identify new H2OPNe and/or OHPNe. We report IRAS 07027–7934 as a new bona fine OHPN. Its 1612 MHz OH spectrum seems to be changing from double- to single-peaked since the redshifted emission has vanished almost completely, and the 1667 MHz OH maser emission has disappeared. For the OHPN Vy 2-2, we found that its central star is unexpectedly carbon (C)-rich, has a low-mass progenitor, and could be a post-common envelope binary system. Moreover, we confirm Vy 2-2 as a nascent PN. We speculate that low-mass C-rich central stars in post-common envelope systems could be a common end of H2OPNe and OHPNe.
The loss of OH maser emission in the early stage of Post-AGB evolution
Authors: Etoka S. , Engels D. , Ullrich T. , González J.B. , López-Martí B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBased on the results of an on-going monitoring program of 1612 MHz OH masers in OH/IR stars, we determined a lifetime encompassing late AGB and early post-AGB evolution of at least 4500 years. Fading of the OH masers observed with the Nançay Radio Telescope is detected in several post-AGB OH/IR stars on timescales of decades, while AllWISE/NEOWISE light curves taken almost in parallel show diverse behaviours.
Preliminary results on SiO maser emission from the AGB binary system: R Aqr.
Authors: Desmurs J.-F. , Alcolea J. , Bujarrabal V. , Santander Garcia M. , Gomez-Garrido M. , Mikolajewska J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBinary/multiple stellar systems are as abundant as single stars. They are very interesting cosmic laboratories as they are related to many astrophysical phenomena. In the case of AGB (and post-AGB) stars, binaries are the most likely explanation for the shaping of non spherical PNe, a long standing problem in stellar evolution. While many binaries are known in the PNe phase, there are few examples in the previous AGB phase. Hydrodynamical models of the binary interaction are available, but well known parameters for orbits are non-existent. We observed the AGB binary system R Aqr at 7 mm using the Global VLBI array in wide-band continuum and SiO masers. The strong SiO masers were used to self-calibrate the observations and pinpoint the location of the AGB component. We used the continuum to try to directly detect the WD companion or its close environments (non-thermal emission from accretion disks/jets). We present our preliminary results for R Aqr on the relative positions of the J=1−0 SiO masers (v=1) with respect to the white dwarf position. This opens a new way to determine orbits in binaries at the AGB phase and better study their role in late stellar evolution and PNe shaping.
A Profile-based Approach to Finding New Water Fountain Candidates using Databases of Circumstellar Maser Sources
Authors: Nakashima J. , Fan H. , Engels D. , Zhang Y. , Qiu J.-J. , Feng H.-X. , Xie J.-Y. , Imai H. , Hsia C.-H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater fountains (WFs) are thought to represent an early stage in the morphological evolution of circumstellar envelopes surrounding low- and intermediate-mass evolved stars. These objects are considered to transition from spherical to asymmetric shapes. Despite their potential importance in this transformation process of evolved stars, there are only a few known examples. To identify new WF candidates, we used databases of circumstellar OH (1612 MHz) and H2O (22.235 GHz) maser sources, and compared the velocity ranges of the two maser lines. Finally, 41 sources were found to have a velocity range for the H2O maser line that exceeded that of the OH maser line. Excluding known planetary nebulae and after reviewing the maser spectra in the original literature, we found for 11 sources the exceedance as significant, qualifying them as new WF candidates.
What’s behind the corner: Maser emission in nearby and distant galaxies with the new radio facilities
Authors: Tarchi Andrea , Castangia Paola , Surcis Gabriele , Ladu Elisabetta , Bannikova Elena Yu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtragalactic maser sources are unique tools to derive fundamental physical quantities of the host galaxies, e.g, geometry of accretion disks around super-massive black holes and precise black hole masses, and study in detail the interaction region of nuclear jets/outflows with the interstellar medium, in nearby and distant Active Galactic Nuclei. So far, however, extragalactic maser searches have yielded detection of few percent, and only relatively few maser sources have been found. Because of their unprecedented sensitivity, new upcoming facilities, like the SKA and the ngVLA, will allow to significantly increase the number of known (water) maser sources. This will lead to the chance of performing statistically-relevant studies of the maser phenomenon (and its occurrence), derive extragalactic masers luminosity functions, and ultimately (in particular, through the aid of longer-baselines arrays options) to perform the studies described above for larger samples and up to cosmological distances.
Water maser flare and potential accretion burst in NGC 2071-IR
Authors: Dzodzomenyo Andrews , Chibueze James O. , van den Heever Stefanus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe monitored 22 GHz water masers in NGC 2071-IR using the Hartebeesthoek 26-m telescope and identified a significant flare (up to 4722 Jy) originating from the 14.4 km s-1 feature associated with the protostellar core NGC 2071-IRS1. To determine if the maser flare resulted from an accretion burst, we analyzed related signatures such as simultaneous flaring of other maser species and an increase in infrared luminosity. Near-infrared (Ks-band) observations conducted on 28 December 2019 during the flare, using the Kanata/HONIR telescope, exhibited a 0.2 magnitude increase in comparison to the 2MASS magnitude obtained from observations conducted on 10 October 1999. However, our findings indicate that the flare was attributed to mechanisms other than an accretion burst.
Water masers associated with AGN in radio galaxies
Authors: Sawada-Satoh Satoko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present dual-frequency VLBI observations of a nearby radio galaxy NGC 4261 at 22 and 43 GHz using the East Asia VLBI Network. In particular, the first sub-pc scale image of the 22 GHz water megamaser line in the circumnuclear region of NGC 4261 is shown. Our results suggest that the megamaser emission in NGC 4261 can be associated with the inner radius of the obscuring disk, as it is proposed for the nearest radio-loud megamaser source NGC 1052. An alternative hypothesis on the megamaser association is the shock region of the interaction between the jet and ambient molecular clouds.
Patterns in water maser emission of evolved stars on the timescale of decades
Authors: Brand Jan , Engels Dieter , Winnberg Anders 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present our past and current long-term monitoring program of water masers in the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars, augmented by occasional interferometric observations. Using as example the Mira-variable U Her, we identify three types of variability: periodic (following the optical variation), long-term (years-decades) and short-term irregular (weeks-months). We show there are regions in the maser shell where excitation conditions are favourable, which remain stable for many years. Lifetimes of maser clouds in the wind-acceleration zone are of the order of up to a few years. Much longer lifetimes are found for the peculiar case of a maser cloud outside that zone (as in RT Vir), or in some cases where the motion of spectral features can be followed for the entire 2 decade monitoring period (as in red supergiant VX Sgr).
Interferometric Observations of the Water Fountain Candidates OH 16.3−3.0 and IRAS 19356+0754
Authors: Chacón P. , Uscanga L. , Imai H. , Yung B. H. K. , Gómez J. F. , Rizzo J. R. , Suárez O. , Miranda L. F. , Anglada G. , Torrelles J. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater Fountains (WFs), located between the AGB and PN phases of stellar evolution, may provide significant clues on the shaping process of PNe. We present new VLA observations of the WF candidates OH 16.3-3.0 and IRAS 19356+0754. We detect H2O and OH maser and radio continuum emission towards OH 16.3-3.0. We suggest that the OH maser emission of OH 16.3-3.0 is associated with an aspherical circumstellar envelope due to its spatio-kinematics and peculiar spectral profile. We could not confirm the candidates as bona fide WFs because of the narrow velocity spread (OH 16.3-3.0) or non-detection (IRAS 19356+0754) of H2O maser emission. Further monitoring could help to discern their nature.