bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs
Authors: Duval Julie M. , Budsberg Steven C. , Flo Gretchen L. , Sammarco Jill L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe clinical features of dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and to evaluate breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors.

Design
Case-control study.

Animals
201 dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the CCL and 804 age-matched control dogs.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed for breed, sex, and body weight, and results were compared with results of age-matched control dogs.

Results
Breed predisposition was detected for Neapolitan Mastiff, Akita, Saint Bernard, Rottweiler, Mastiff, Newfoundland, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Labrador Retriever, and American Staffordshire Terrier. Increased risk was detected for neutered males and neutered females, compared with sexually intact males and sexually intact females, respectively. Differences in prevalence of rupture of the CCL were not detected between all males and females, sexually intact males and sexually intact females, or neutered males and neutered females. Body weights of dogs with ruptured CCL were significantly greater than those of control dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Several large breeds of dogs are predisposed to rupture of the CCL at a young age. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:811–814)
Factors associated with prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis: 93 cases (1987–1994)
Authors: Steel Catherine M. , Hunt Andrew R. , Adams Paul L. E. , Robertson Ian D. , Chicken Catherine , Yovich John V. , Stick John A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify factors affecting the prognosis for survival and athletic use in foals with septic arthritis.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
93 foals with septic arthritis.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical findings, laboratory test results, radiographic findings, treatment method, and outcome. Race records for Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds were evaluated to determine whether foals subsequently raced and whether they raced successfully.

Results
43 foals had 1 affected joint, 44 foals had multiple affected joints, and number of affected joints was not recorded for 6 foals. The femoropatellar and tarsocrural joints were most commonly affected. Osteomyelitis or degenerative joint disease were detected in 59% (46/78) of foals. Failure of passive transfer, pneumonia, and enteritis were common. Foals were treated with lavage, lavage and intra-articular administration of antibiotics, lavage and arthroscopic debridement with or without partial synovectomy, or lavage and arthrotomy to debride infected bone and systemic administration of antibiotics. Seventy-three foals survived to be discharged from hospital, and approximately a third raced. Isolation of Salmonella spp from synovial fluid was associated with an unfavorable prognosis for survival and multisystem disease was associated with an unfavorable prognosis for survival and ability to race; other variables were not significantly associated with survival and ability to race.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
With treatment, the prognosis for survival of foals with septic arthritis was favorable, whereas prognosis for ability to race was unfavorable. Multisystem disease, isolation of Salmonella spp from synovial fluid, involvement of multiple joints, and synovial fluid neutrophil count ≥ 95% at admission may be of prognostic value. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:973–977)
Prevalence of gastric ulcers in show horses
Authors: McClure Scott R. , Glickman Lawrence T. , Glickman Nita W. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine prevalence and risk factors for gastric ulcers in show horses.

Design
Field survey.

Animals
50 horses in active training that had been transported to at least 1 event in the 30 days prior to endoscopy.

Procedure
Interview of owner, physical examination, serum biochemical analysis, CBC, and gastric endoscopy were performed.

Results
Gastric ulceration was detected in 58% of the horses. Horses with a nervous disposition were more likely to have ulceration than quiet or behaviorally normal horses. Horses with gastric ulceration had significantly lower RBC counts and hemoglobin concentrations than those without ulceration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Show horses have a high prevalence of gastric ulceration. Lower RBC counts and hemoglobin concentrations may be the result of chronic gastric ulceration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1130–1133)
Endoscopic examination of the choanae in dogs and cats: 118 cases (1988–1998)
Authors: Willard Michael D. , Radlinsky Mary Ann 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine whether endoscopic examination of the choanae resulted in diagnosis of various diseases in dogs and cats with signs of respiratory tract disease.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
91 dogs and 27 cats that had endoscopic examination of the choanae.

Procedure
Medical records were reviewed for endoscopy findings and results of examination of biopsy or cytologic specimens.

Results
34 animals had neoplasia in the choanal region; in 26 animals, diagnosis was confirmed by evaluation of specimens obtained by endoscopy. Five dogs with neoplasia had an erroneous diagnosis of rhinitis made on the basis of evaluation of specimens obtained by endoscopy. Six dogs and 2 cats had foreign objects in the choanae; 7 foreign objects were removed endoscopically, whereas 1 required nasal flushing. Results of endoscopy and biopsy of the choanae provided diagnosis of cryptococcosis and aspergillosis, but did not aid in the diagnosis of pythiosis or nasal mites.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Endoscopic examination of the choanae may assist in rapid diagnosis of nasal neoplasms, foreign objects, and certain infectious organisms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1301–1305)
Prevalence of Campylobacter spp isolated from the intestinal tract of pigs raised in an integrated swine production system
Authors: Harvey Roger B. , Young Colin R. , Ziprin Richard L. , Hume Michael E. , Genovese Kenneth J. , Anderson Robin C. , Droleskey Robert E. , Stanker Larry H. , Nisbet David J. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To enumerate the prevalence of Campylobacter isolates in the intestinal tract of market-weight swine raised in an integrated swine operation in Texas.

Sample Population
Samples of cecal contents were collected from 595 pigs (mean body weight, 110 kg [242 lb]) at time of slaughter. Pigs were offspring of Yorkshire-Landrace sows and Duroc or Hampshire boars. Pigs originated from 4 farrow-to-finish farms.

Procedure
During a 9-month period, visits were made to a slaughter plant to remove cecal contents from market-weight hogs. Samples were obtained from 50 pigs/visit from designated farms so that samples were obtained 3 times from pigs of each of 4 farms. Isolation of Campylobacter spp was accomplished by use of enrichment broth and restrictive media, using microaerophilic conditions.

Results
Campylobacter spp were isolated from 70 to 100% of the pigs, depending on the farm and the date the samples were collected. Campylobacter coli was isolated from 20 to 100% (mean, 60%) of samples, and C jejuni was isolated from 0 to 76% (mean, 31%) of samples. Campylobacter lari was isolated from 2 pigs. Concentrations of C coli or C jejuni ranged from 103 to 107 colony-forming units/g of cecal content.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Campylobacter coli generally is accepted as a common inhabitant of the intestinal tract of swine. However, analysis of results of this study suggests that a relatively high prevalence of C jejuni may be found in pigs raised on specific farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1601–1604)
Pulmonary thromboembolism in cats: 29 cases (1987–1997)
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Griffey Stephen M. , Samii Valerie F. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To determine clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, radiographic findings, histologic abnormalities, and predisposing factors or diseases in cats with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
29 cats in which PTE was confirmed at necropsy.

Procedure
Information on signalment, body weight, history, results of physical examination, results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses, whether PTE was suspected prior to death, type of indwelling venous catheter and duration of venous catheterization, results of thoracic radiography, and whether cats had any concurrent diseases was obtained from medical records.

Results
PTE was identified in cats of various ages (median, 8.7 years), weights (median, 4.1 kg [9 lb]), and breeds. The most common owner-reported problems included lethargy (17 cats), anorexia (14), weight loss (10), and difficulty breathing (8); physical abnormalities included lethargy (21), tachypnea or dyspnea (16), and dehydration (13). Clinicopathologic abnormalities reflected concurrent or underlying diseases. Common radiographic abnormalities included pulmonary vessel abnormalities (11), pleural effusion (8), and peripheral noncircumscribed consolidations (6). Underlying or predisposing conditions, including cardiac disease (12), neoplasia (10), corticosteroid administration (8), disseminated intravascular coagulation (5), protein-losing nephropathy (4) or enteropathy (4), immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (2), and sepsis (2) were identified in all cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Results suggest that PTE can develop in cats of any age, sex, or breed. Because PTE is a serious, potentially life-threatening disease, it should be suspected in cats with thoracic radiographic changes suggestive of uneven distribution of blood flow between lung lobes, especially in cats that have predisposing factors or diseases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1650–1654)
Empyema of the guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) in horses: 91 cases (1977–1997)
Authors: Judy Carter E. , Chaffin M. Keith , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To identify features of guttural pouch (auditory tube diverticulum) empyema in horses and compare findings of uncomplicated guttural pouch empyema with guttural pouch empyema complicated by chondroids.

Design
Retrospective study.

Animals
91 horses with guttural pouch empyema.

Procedure
Medical records of horses with guttural pouch empyema were reviewed.

Results
The most common owner complaint and abnormal finding was persistent nasal discharge. Chondroids were detected in 21% (19/91) of affected horses. Streptococcus equi was isolated from the guttural pouch in 14 of 44 horses; for Streptococcus spp, in vitro resistance to sulfadimethoxine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was detected. Retropharyngeal swelling and pharyngeal narrowing were significantly more prevalent in horses with chondroids, compared with horses with uncomplicated empyema. Ninety-three percent of affected horses were discharged from the hospital; at time of discharge, 66% had complete resolution of disease, 19% had improvement without resolution, and 15% did not have improvement.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Horses with persistent nasal discharge should be examined endoscopically for guttural pouch empyema. Treatment with lavage offers a good prognosis for resolution of uncomplicated guttural pouch empyema. Aggressive treatment with lavage and endoscopic snare removal of chondroids offers a good prognosis and may make surgical intervention unnecessary. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1666–1670)
Association of herd composition, stocking rate, and duration of calving season with fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in beef herds
Authors: Atwill Edward R. , Johnson Eileen M. , Pereira Maria das Gracas C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To evaluate the association of herd demographics, parturition variables, stocking rate, and rotational grazing practices with the probability of fecal shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum from beef cow-calf herds in California.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Sample Population
38 beef cow-calf operations.

Procedure
Fecal specimens were collected and examined for C parvum oocysts, using immunofluorescent microscopy. Association between various demographic and management factors and the probability of shedding C parvum were statistically evaluated.

Results
Adjusted for age and month of collection of a fecal sample, cattle from herds with a high number of young calves (≤ 2 months old) on the day of sample collection, a high stocking rate (No. of cattle/acre/mo), or a longer calving season were more likely to shed C parvum oocysts, compared with cattle from herds with fewer young calves, a lower stocking rate, or a shorter calving season. Cattle from herds with a higher number of older calves (> 2 months old) on the day of sample collection were less likely to shed C parvum oocysts, compared with cattle from herds with fewer older calves. Using our multivariate model, rotational grazing systems or season of onset of calving were not associated with shedding status for C parvum oocysts.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Reproductive management that would result in a shorter calving season and use of a lower stocking rate for cattle may be associated with reduced risk of C parvum shedding. Intensive rotational grazing systems and time of year for onset of calving season apparently have little effect on reducing prevalence of oocyst shedding. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:1833–1838)
Antibody response to enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis of Filipino colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Cariño Ana Maria D. , Balanag Gregg Austine , Magat Edrienne Myenna , Fellizar Allan , Ortin Teresa Sy , Villaflores Oliver , Guevarra Leonardo , Albano Pia Marie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Several species of the gut microbiota have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. The anaerobic bacterium enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), has been identified to produce fragilysin, a toxin known to cleave E-cadherin, thereby leading to carcinogenesis.

Objective
To determine the antibody response of CRC patients against ETBF to ascertain whether significant difference exists or whether antibody response is related to tumor grade and tumor stage.

Methods
Informed consent was obtained from histologically confirmed CRC casesand their age- and sex-matched clinically healthy controls. Plasma samples from the participants were subjected to in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine their antibody levels.

Results
Using ETBF total protein as coating antigen, 38/39 (97%) CRC cases and 36/39 (92%) controls showed anti-ETBF IgG above cut-off, while all (100%) CRC cases and 36/39 (92%) controls had anti-ETBF IgA levels above cut-off. With culture broth as coating antigen, all (100%) CRC cases and 37/39 (95%) controls had anti-ETBF IgG levels above cut-off. For anti-ETBF IgA, all (100%) cases and controls had levels above cut-off. Statistical analysis reveals no significant difference (P > 0.05) on the number of CRC cases and controls with IgG and IgA antibody levels above cut-off value. Also, there's no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean anti-ETBF antibody levels of cases who were at different tumor grade (well differentiated and moderately and poorly differentiated) and tumor stage (early and advanced).

Conclusions
These results suggest that Filipino CRC cases and their clinically healthy matched controls exhibit antibody responses against ETBF.
The dose of the normal saline pre-infusion and other risk factors for amphotericin B deoxycholate-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Virojanawat Mathurot , Tungsanga Somkanya , Paitoonpong Leilani , Katavetin Pisut 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Conventional amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) is the preferred amphotericin B formulation in countries with limited resources despite its nephrotoxicity. Normal saline pre-infusion is a recommended measure to reduce the risk of nephrotoxicity in patients receiving AmBd.

Objectives
To examine the effect of different normal saline solution (NSS) pre-infusion doses, and other potential risk factors, on the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with invasive fungal infection receiving AmBd.

Methods
Adult patients with invasive fungal infections who received intravenous AmBd were included in this retrospective study. Doses of the normal saline pre-infusion were adjusted to the body weight (NSS/BW) and the daily dose of amphotericin B (NSS/AmBd). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate 14 d AKI-free survival rates, and the log-rank test was used to compare AKI-free survivals between groups.

Results
The present study included 60 patients; 31 patients developed AKI during the AmBd therapy. The overall 14 d AKI-free survival was 48.3%. NSS/AmBd, but not NSS/BW, was associated with AKI-free survival in patients receiving AmBd: the higher the NSS/AmBd, the higher the AKI-free survival. Gender, baseline blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and baseline plasma bicarbonate (Bicarb) also affected AKI-free survival. Female gender, higher BUN, and lower Bicarb were associated with higher AKI-free survival.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that low NSS/AmBd, male gender, low BUN, and high Bicarb are risk factors for AmBd-associated AKI. Excluding gender, these risk factors are potentially modifiable and would guide tailoring appropriate preventive measures for AmBd-associated AKI.
Gallbladder metastasis from occult lobular breast carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Dorić Mirsad , Čamdžić Nina , Durmišević Dževad , Babić Mirsad , Salčin Edina Lazović , Kuskunović-Vlahovljak Suada 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Bones, lungs, brain and liver are the most common metastatic sites of breast carcinoma, although invasive lobular carcinoma can give metastases to less common sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract.

Case presentation: We present the case of a 57-year-old female with colic abdominal pain that was sent to surgery for cholecystectomy. Histopathology revealed a poorly cohesive individual or in single file neoplastic cells infiltrating all layers of the gallbladder. Immunohistochemistry revealed these cells to be CK 116, CK7, GCDFP-15, ER and PR positive, and CK20, HER-2, S-100 and E-cadherin negative. PET/CT showed numerous lytic bone lesions, but ultrasound, mammography, MRI and PET/CT revealed no breast mass.

Conclusion: Although rare and poorly understood, metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma to gallbladder do exist in a minor percentage of patients, presenting usually as exacerbated cholecystitis. The problem are silent cases and patients with no history of breast carcinoma. This case is unique in that even after the diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma to the gallbladder, the primary tumour of the breast was not detected.
Epidemiological and histological characteristics of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions – A single-center study
Authors: Cocuz Iuliu Gabriel , Popelea Maria-Cătălina , Manea Andrei , Niculescu Raluca , Sabău Adrian-Horațiu , Cotoi Ovidiu Simion 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a skin malignancy that is one of the non-melanocytic skin cancers (NMSCs). The objective of our study was to highlight the epidemiological and histological characteristics of cSCC diagnosed in a clinical county hospital.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed of histopathologically diagnosed cases of cSCC from the clinical Pathology Department of the Mures Clinical County Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania. We included 96 cases that were diagnosed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020.

Results:
Of the 96 cases included in the study, 82 were identified as cSCC, 5 as Bowen Disease, and 9 as keratoacanthoma. The majority of the cases were diagnosed in 2018 (n = 30; 31.25%) and 2019 (n=36; 37.50%). The median age of the patients was 63.0 years. Slightly over half of the patients were male (n=50; 52.08) and 49 patients (51.04%) grew up in urban areas. Forty-six cases (56.10%) were well differentiated; 25 (30.49%) moderately differentiated, and 11 (13.41%) poorly differentiated. Almost all of the lesions (93; 96.88%) were removed within the safety excision margins.

Conclusion:
Most of the patients were diagnosed with cSCC in 2018 and 2019 and were over 70 years old. The majority were males who grew up in urban areas. Even though most of the lesions were well differentiated and completely excised surgically, the differential diagnoses between cSCC and other skin malignancies were made based on the morphological aspects of the lesions, followed by an immunohistochemical profile when necessary.
Development of semisolid pharmaceutical forms with mometasone furoate
Authors: Rédai Emőke Margit , Jakab Boglárka , Vlad Robert Alexandru , Antonoaea Paula , Todoran Nicoleta , Sipos Emese , Ciurba Adriana 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to develop semisolid pharmaceutical forms for the topical administration of mometasone furoate.

Methods
Two creams (O1 and O2) and four hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-based hydrogels were prepared (H3-H6). Two different sorts of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were used in concentrations of 15 and 20%. Consistency, spreadability, viscosity, and pH were measured. In vitro drug release was determined by a vertical, Franz diffusion cell. Mathematical models were applied for a better understanding of release phenomena.

Results
O1 and O2 presented lower values for penetration depth and spreadability. Hydrogel viscosity is influenced by the type and concentration of the gel-forming agent. Viscosity decreases in the order H6, H5, H4, and H3. pH varies between 4.6 to 5.92, fulfilling the requirements of European Pharmacopiea. Creams showed 5.49 and 6.59% of mometasone released after 6 hours. The lowest viscosity hydrogel presented the best dissolution of 40.11% mometasone after 6 hours.

Conclusions
H3 hydrogel releases the highest amount of mometasone furoate after 6 hours. The release is best described by the Korsmeyer-Peppas model explained by water diffusion and polymeric chain relaxation happen during the swelling of the polymer.