bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THE ISOMORPHIC LIFE HISTORY PHASES OF THE HIGH INTERTIDAL ALGA ENDOCLADIA MURICATA (RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Britting Susan A. , Chapman David J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe isomorphic phases of Endocladia muricata (Post. & Rupr.) J. Ag. Were compared for photosynthetic and respiratory difference in response to a variety of environmental manipulations. Photosynthetic light response during submergence at 15° C and the pattern of respiratory recovery following prolonged emergence (3 h) at either 15° or 30° C were similar between gametophytes and tetrasporophytes. The phases showed the same ability to photosynthesize and respire during emergence at each temperature tested (15°, 25°, and 35° C, fully hydrated thalli) and at various desiccation state (measured at 25° C only). Submerged rates of photosynthesis following prolonged emergence at 15° and 30° C were, however slightly greater (17%) for tetrasporophytes as compared to gametophytes.Regardless of the life history phase, plants incubated at 15° C during emergence recovered more completely than plants incubated at 30° C. Photosynthetic recovery after 1 h in plants incubated at 15° C often “spiked” and yielded rates as great as 185% of pretreatment rates. Increased photosynthetic rates during recovery were absent for the 30° C incubations. The initial photosynthetic recovery of plants collected from the upper limits of distribution was greater than that of plants collected from the lower limits. Recovered rates of respiration were highly variable over time. Respiration often exceeded pretreatment values more then threefold, and the elevated rates were sustained for 12 h. Photosynthesis and respiration in air were comparable to rates in seawater and varied slightly with increasing temperature. Photosynthetic and respiratory rates also decreased with increasing tissue water loss.Thus, only slight differences in physiological performance were observed between phases and individuals collected from different vertical positions. Metabolic differences were transient and apparent only under experimental conditions that modeled extreme environmental conditions.
ANTARCTIC CYANOBACTERIA: LIGHT, NUTRIENTS, AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN THE MICROBIAL MAT ENVIRONMENT1
Authors: Vincent Warwick F. , Castenholz Richard W. , Downes Malcolm T. , Howard‐Williams Clive 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe microenvironmental and photosynthetic characteristics of Antarctic microbial mats were measured in a series of ponds near McMurdo Sound. As elsewhere in Antarctica, these cold‐water benthic communities were dominated by oscillatoriacean cyanobacteria. Despite large variations in mat thickness, surface morphology, and color, all of the communities had a similar pigment organization, with a surface carotenoid‐rich layer that overlaid a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) enriched in phycocyanin as well as chlorophyll a. Spectroradiometric analyses showed that the DCM population inhabited an orange‐red shade environment. In several of the mats, the deep‐living trichomes migrated up to the surface of the mat within 2 h in response to a 10‐fold decrease in surface irradiance. The euphotic layer of the mats was supersaturated in oxygen and contained ammonium and dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations in excess of 100 mg N·m−3 or P·m−3. Integral photosynthesis by core samples was saturated at low irradiances and varied two‐ to threefold throughout the continuous 24‐h radiation cycle. Oxygen microelectrode analyses showed that the photosynthetic rates were slow to negligible near the surface and maximal in the DCM. These compressed, nutrient‐rich euphotic zones have some properties analogous to planktonic systems, but the integrated photosynthetic responses of the community reflect the strong self‐shading within the mat and physiological dominance by the motile, DCM populations.
INDUCTION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS IN EUKARYOTIC ALGAE GROWN UNDER IRON‐, PHOSPHORUS‐, OR NITROGEN‐DEFICIENT CONDITIONS1
Authors: La Roche Julie , Geider Richard J. , Graziano Lisa M. , Murray Helen , Lewis Kerith 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTWhat limits phytoplankton growth in nature? The answer is elusive because of methodological problems associated with bottle incubations and nutrient addition experiments. We are investigating the possibility that antibodies to proteins repressed by a specific nutrient can be used as probes to indicate which nutrient limits photosynthetic carbon fixation in the ocean. The diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and the chlorophyte Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher were grown in batch cultures in artificial seawater and f/2 nutrient lacking either phosphorus, iron, or nitrogen. Chlorosis was induced by nutrient limitation in both species with the exception of phosphorus‐limited D. tertiolecta. The synthesis and appearance of specific proteins were followed by labeling with 14C‐bicarbonate. Nutrient limitation in general leads to a decrease in the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, suggesting that deficiency of any nutrient affects the photosynthetic apparatus to some degree: however, the effect of nitrogen and iron limitation on quantum efficiency is more severe than that of phosphorus. A crude fractionation of the soluble and membrane proteins demonstrated that the large proteins induced under limitation by phosphorus and iron were associated with the membranes. However, small iron‐repressible proteins were located in the soluble fraction. Isolation with anion‐exchange chromatography and N‐terminal sequencing of iron‐repressible, 23‐kDa Proteins from D. tertiolecta, P. tricornutum, and Chaetoceros gracilis revealed that these small soluble proteins have strong homology with the N‐terminal sequence of flavodoxins from Azotobacter and Clostridium. The identity of the flavodoxin from D. tertiolecta was confirmed by immunodetection using antiflavodoxin raised against Chlorella. Flavodoxin was detected only under iron deprivation and was absent from nitrogen‐and phosphorus‐limited algae. Flavodoxin is a prime candidate for a molecular probe of iron limitation in the ocean. The requirements to confirm its utility in nature are discussed.
ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CYTOCHEMISTRY OF EARLY SPERMATANGIAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANTITHAMNION NIPPONICUM (CERAMIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kim Gwang Hoon , Fritz Lawrence 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSpermatial development and differentiation of wall components were investigated by electron microscopy and cytochemical methods in Antithamnion nipponicum Yamada et Inagaki. The spermatium is composed of two parts, a globular head and two appendages projecting from near the basal portion. The appendages originate form spermatangial vesicles (SVs) and follow a developmental sequence beginning as amorphous material and ending as fully formed fibrous structures compressed with in the SVs. SV formation is due to contributions initially from endoplasmic reticulum and later form dictyosome‐derived vesicles. Chemical differentiation of the spermatial wall occurs early in its development. Calcofluor white ST does not label spermatial walls, indicating an absence of cellulose polysaccharides, which are abundant in vegetative cell walls. Labeled lectins show that α‐d‐methyl manose and / or α‐d‐glucose as well as N‐acetyl‐glucosamine, β‐d‐galactose, and α‐l‐fucose moieties are present on the spermatial wall but not in the vegetative cell wall. The glyconjugate with α‐d‐methyl mannose and / or glucose residues, previously reported as a gamete recognition molecule in this species, is distributed along the surface of spermatia as well as in the SV during spermatangial development.
GENOTYPIC RELATIONSHIPS IN TRICHODESMIUM (CYANOPHYCEAE) BASED ON nifH SEQUENCE COMPARISONS1
Authors: Ben‐Porath Judith , Carpenter Edward J. , Zehr Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe DNA sequence of a fragment of nifH was compared to natural populations of the marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium thiebautii and T. erythraeum from the Caribbean Sea and the unialgal culture Trichodesmium sp. NIBB 1067, which was isolated from the Kuroshio waters (Japan). Through replication Of amplification, cloning, and sequencing, four nucleotides in a 359‐bp fragment were identified that were identical in sequence to Trichodesmium sp. NIBB 1067 and natural populations of T. erythraeum but were distinctly different in sequence from T. thiebautii. The data indicate that Trichodesmium sp. NIBB 1067 is more closely related to T. erythraeum than to T. thiebautii.
OBSERVATIONS ONCHAETOCEROS BUCEROS(BACILLARIOPHYCEAE), A RARE TROPICAL PLANKTONIC SPECIES COLLECTED FROM THE MEXICAN PACIFIC1
Authors: Hernández‐Becerril David U. , Meave del Castillo María E. , Lara Villa Miguel A. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTExamination of net plankton samples from the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Mexican Pacific) yielded a rare tropical species of the genusChaetoceros, C. bucerosKarsten. This species is conspicuous because of its relatively large size, type of chain formation, and shape of the terminal setae. Electron microscopic study revealed other interesting characteristics: the intercalary values are more lightly silicified than the terminal valves and show a pattern of costae radiating form the center with various annuli (“central hyaline fields”) in the center of the valve face; both kind of valves are perforated by small poroids. Terminal valves possess several (21–30) slitlike and randomly oriented rimoportulae. Important morphological differences exist between the intercalary and the terminal setae. Morphological characters, comparision with related species, and the systematic position are discussed. A new section of the subgenus Hyalochaete, Conspicua, is proposed to includeC. buceros.
A FURTHER SEM STUDY OF MARINE BENTHIC DINOFLAGELLATES FROM A MANGROVE ISLAND, TWIN CAYS, BELIZE, INCLUDING PLAGIODINIUM BELIZEANUM GEN. ET SP. NOV.1
Authors: Faust Maria A. , Balech Enrique 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThis study indicates that bilaterally flattened, armored, benthic dinoflagellates are more diverse in morphology than previously known. A new species, Plagiodinium belizeanum Faust et Balech gen. et. sp. nov., is described in floating detritus from Twin Cays, Belize, mangrove habitats. Plagiodinium belizeanum cells are small, with dimensions of 26.5–30.5 μm in length, 20–24.5 μm in width, and 6.5–8.5 μm in depth. Cells are oblong and bilaterally compressed with a posteriorly located, spherical nucleus, many chloroplasts, and spherical starch granules. The epitheca descends ventrally, is cap‐shaped, and is composed of five plates and a very small platelet provisionally named P0 situated in the center. The epitheca is narrowly oval in apical view with a pointed truncated ventral side and a rounded dorsal side. The cingulum is composed of five plates. The hypotheca is constructed of five posteriorly elongated postcingular plates and one antapical plate. The sulcus is very short and narrow, comprised of five very small plates. The thecal plate arrangement of P. belizeanum is P0, 5′, O″, 5C, 5″′, 1″″, 5S. No lists are present. Thecal plates have a smooth surface with small and irregularly scattered pores. The intercalary band is smooth on outer cell surface and broadly striated on its inner surface. We conclude that P. belizeanum represents a new, benthic, peridinioid, armored genus, Plagiodinium gen. nov. The taxonomic position of P. belizeanum sp. nov. is compared to related sand‐dwelling and bilaterally flattened benthic dinoflagellates.
DEFORMATIVE DISEASE IN IRIDAEA LAMINARIOIDES (RHODOPHYTA): GALL DEVELOMENT ASSOCIATED WITH AN ENDOPHYTIC CYANOBACTERIUM1
Authors: Correa Juan A. , Flores Verónica , Sánchez Pablo 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThis study is the first report of an algal disease, developed in close association with an endophytic organism, documented for the southeastern Pacific. We describe a disease affecting wild populations of the red alga Iridaea laminarioides Bory in central Chile, characterized by gall development on the surface of sporophytic, cystocarpic, and immature thalli. These abnormal growths result in severe morphological alterations of the affected thalli. Diseased fronds display an aggregated spatial distribution and occur throughout the year, with a maximum in summer followed by a decline in winter. The presence of galls was not associated with broken or torn fronds. Although causality has not been unequivocally demonstrated, our field and laboratory observations indicate a strong association of the galls with infections by an endophytic cyanobacterium, probably belonging to the genus Pleurocapsa.
The −431C>T polymorphism of thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine increases the promoter activity but is not associated with susceptibility to atopic dermatitis in Japanese patients
Authors: Tsunemi Yuichiro , Komine Mayumi , Sekiya Takashi , Saeki Hidehisa , Nakamura Koichiro , Hirai Koichi , Kakinuma Takashi , Kagami Shinji , Fujita Hideki , Asano Noriko , Tanida Yuka , Wakugawa Motoshi , Torii Hideshi , Tamaki Kunihiko 
Published: October 2004

Background:  Thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). We recently detected the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (−431C>T) in the 5′‐flanking region of TARC gene.Objectives:  To examine whether the −431C>T SNP of the TARC gene is associated with susceptibility to AD and whether it affects the promoter activity of the TARC gene.Methods:  We investigated the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP in 193 AD patients and 158 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We compared the promoter activities between TARC promoter carrying 431C and that carrying −431T by transient‐transfection assay in DJM‐1 cell line.Results:  There were no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between AD patients and controls (genotype: P = 0.38, allele: P = 0.22). Luciferase activity was higher in −431T constructs than in −431C constructs (2.3‐fold, P = 9.5 × 10−6).Conclusion:  These results suggest that the −431C>T SNP of the TARC gene enhances the promoter activity of TARC gene but is not associated with susceptibility to AD in Japanese population.
Safety and efficacy of unmodified whole blood vs. buffy coat‐depleted red cell concentrates in autologous transfusion of elective orthopaedic surgery patients
Authors: Karger R. , Stangenberg K. , Hinrichs F. , Griss P. , Kretschmer V. 
Published: October 2004

summary.

Storing autologous blood as whole blood (WB) has been proposed for increasing the cost‐effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation programmes. However, experimental data suggest that autologous leucocytes might lead to immunomodulation similar to the effect attributed to allogeneic leucocytes.In a retrospective analysis, the postoperative outcome of 120 patients undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery and having donated up to two units of autologous WB (AWB) was compared with that of a control group of 52 patients, whose autologous donation had been processed into buffy coat‐depleted red cell concentrates (RCC). At least one autologous unit, but no allogeneic units, had been transfused in all analysed patients.Donation schemes were equally efficacious in both groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative infection rates between the two groups. Overall rates were 7·7% in the RCC group and 8·3% in the WB group. Surgical, thromboembolic and other recorded complications, length of postoperative hospital stay and days of the use of antibiotics were also not significantly different between the two groups.The results of this study suggest that transfusion of up to two units of unmodified AWB is as efficacious as the transfusion of autologous RCC and does not negatively influence the postoperative outcome in elective orthopaedic surgery.
Cryoprecipitate prepared from plasma treated with methylene blue plus light: increasing the fibrinogen concentration
Authors: Hornsey V. S. , Young D. A. , Docherty A. , Hughes W. , Prowse C. V. 
Published: October 2004

summary.

When cryoprecipitate is prepared from plasma which has been treated with methylene blue plus light (MB) for the purpose of virus inactivation, clottable fibrinogen content is 40% lower compared with units prepared from untreated plasma.Initial studies showed that when frozen MB plasma units were removed to +2 to +6 °C for 4 h and then returned to −40 °C prior to cryoprecipitation, fibrinogen recoveries increased from 24 to 42%. Although fibrinogen yield improved when plasma units were stored at +2 to +6 °C for varying lengths of time, FVIII levels decreased with increasing time.Conditioning for 8 h was studied in more detail. Groups of two plasma units were mixed together, divided into two equal units, frozen/thawed and treated with MB. One of each pair was stored continually at −40 °C, whereas the other was removed to +2 to +6 °C for 8 h. Samples were assayed for fibrinogen, FVIII, VWF:Ristocetin cofactor activity (RCo), VWF:Ag and VWF:Collagen binding (CB). The cryoprecipitate fibrinogen content increased to a mean of 207 mg unit−1. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo and VWF:CB recoveries also increased. FVIII recovery decreased from 50 to 45% (mean 124 iu unit−1).Conditioning has been validated for routine production of cryoprecipitate from imported plasma.
An addiction agency's collaboration with the drinks industry: Moo Joose as a case study
Authors: Munro Geoffrey 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTAim  This paper analyses a partnership between an addiction agency and the drinks industry in Australia, with special reference to concerns held by public health advocates for such projects.Method  Public health anxieties regarding collaboration between the drugs sector and the drinks industry are identified. A projected partnership between the Alcohol and Drug Foundation—Queensland (ADFQ) and the liquor industry in Australia is reviewed. The partnership involves the creation of a new organization, Alcohol Education Australia Ltd. (AEA), which states as its aim the education of consumers in responsible drinking. In order to assess the impact of the partnership an examination is undertaken of the AEA's stated mission and objectives, of relevant policy development by ADFQ and of ADFQ's intervention in support of an alcohol manufacturer which was putting a case to a licensing authority.Findings  The results indicate the partnership advances the interests of the drinks industry rather than public health. The mission and objectives of Alcohol Education Australia Ltd subordinate public health goals to industry aims and the host organization, the ADFQ, has changed its policy and practice to accommodate the drinks industry.Conclusion  The partnership between the ADFQ and the drinks industry indicates the difficulty faced by addiction organizations in maintaining an uncompromising public health orientation when in partnership with the alcohol industry.
Genetic and environmental contributions to age of onset of alcohol dependence symptoms in male twins
Authors: Liu I‐Chao , Blacker Deborah L. , Xu Ronghui , Fitzmaurice Garrett , Tsuang Ming T. , Lyons Michael J. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTAims To investigate genetic and environmental influences on the development of specific alcohol dependence symptoms.Design and participants A classical twin study of 3372 male–male twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin (VET) Registry based on telephone interviews about alcohol use.Measurements The nine diagnostic symptoms according to theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, version III (revised) (DSM‐III‐R) definition of alcohol dependence. Symptoms were grouped into those based on impaired control, biological effects and social consequences (Beresford's classification) or early versus late symptoms (Nelson's classification). Survival models with random effects were used to examine the age of onset of each symptom.Findings Approximately 38% of the variation in age of onset of each symptom group based on Beresford's classification is due to additive genetic factors. The age of onset of late symptoms from Nelson's classification appears to be most affected by genetic factors. Estimates of genetic effects for impaired control symptoms are greatly decreased when twins with comorbid psychiatric disorders are excluded.Conclusions Our results support the heritability of age of onset of DSM‐III‐R‐defined symptoms for alcohol dependence. However, no symptom group in Beresford's classification could be identified as more heritable than other symptom groups. A strong association between genetic vulnerability and co‐occurring diseases for symptoms indicative of impaired control could be found. In addition, our findings show that the late symptom group could be a good candidate for subsequent genetic research.
Patient approaches to clinical conversations in the palliative care setting
Authors: Clover Alexandra , Browne Jan , McErlain Peter , Vandenberg Bernadette 
Published: October 2004

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to report a study exploring patients’ understanding of their discussions about end‐of‐life care with nurses in a palliative care setting.Background.  It is assumed that nurses are central players in patients’ major decisions about their care, yet minimal information is available about the complexity of patient–nurse interaction in palliative care, and patients’ views of the impact of such interactions on decisions that are made.Method.  A modified version of grounded theory was used to collect and analyse interview data collected in 2001–2002 with a convenience sample of 11 patients in a palliative care setting. Interviews focused on each patient's selection of two decisions they had made in the past 6 months that had involved nurses in the decision‐making process.Findings.  Processes were identified between nurses and patients that facilitated or blocked open discussion and discernment of patients’ preferences for care. Six approaches that patients used in their conversations with nurses about their care: wait and see, quiet acceptance, active acceptance, tolerating bossiness, negotiation and being adamant. These approaches are described in terms of how they assisted or impeded autonomous decision‐making.Conclusion.  Palliative care patients often adopt passive roles and tend not to engage in important decision‐making, for various reasons. Professionals need to be made aware of this, and should facilitate an open, trusting relationship with patients in order to ensure that important information passes freely in both directions. Professionals should learn to prioritize patient participation and negotiation in their work. With further research, it should be possible to identify the factors that will allow patients to take a more pro‐active role in making decisions about their care, where desired.