bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of immunofluorescence for intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Munakata Satoru , Aihara Tomohiko , Morino Hideo , Takatsuka Yuichi 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSentinel lymph node (SLN) sampling is used to predict axillary lymph node (AxLN) metastasis in patients with breast carcinoma; AxLN sampling can be avoided in SLN‐negative patients. Multistep sectioning and immunohistochemistry are reported to increase the sensitivity of micrometastasis detection. The authors used immunofluorescence (IF) staining with cytokeratin (CK) antibodies for intraoperative evaluation of touch imprints from multistep sections of SLNs.METHODSA combined total of 150 SLNs from 69 patients who had breast carcinoma and underwent surgery were analyzed. SLNs were sectioned at 2 mm intervals, and touch imprints subsequently were prepared. After ethanol fixation, slides were incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate–conjugated CK and propidium iodide and then subjected to microwave irradiation for 3 minutes. Finally, fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate slides for the presence or absence of metastatic disease.RESULTSMetastatic disease was identified in 36 (24.0%), 26 (17.3%), 32 (21.3%), and 31 (20.7%) of 150 lymph nodes using IF staining, Papanicolaou (Pap) staining, immunocytochemical (ICC) staining, and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining, respectively. The sensitivities of IF, Pap, ICC, and H & E staining were 94.6%, 70.3%, 86.5%, and 83.8%, respectively. Except for IF staining (specificity, 99.1%), each method had a specificity of 100%. The accuracy rates for IF, Pap, ICC, and H & E staining were 98.0%, 92.7%, 96.7%, and 96.0%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSIF is a rapid, highly sensitive, and highly specific staining technique by which touch imprints can be used to intraoperatively evaluate SLNs in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11689
Phase II evaluation of three‐day topotecan in recurrent platinum‐sensitive ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Miller David Scott , Blessing John A. , Lentz Samuel S. , McMeekin D. Scott 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTopotecan, administeredintravenously at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 per day for 5 days every 21 days, is an established regimen in the treatment of recurrent ovarian carcinoma. Alternate dosing strategies have sought to improve toxicity. The authors evaluated the tolerability and antitumor activity of a 3‐day topotecan regimen.METHODSA multicenter Phase II study, which included patients with platinum‐sensitive ovarian carcinoma, was conducted. Patients were to receive an intravenous dose of topotecan of 2.0 mg/m2 per day for 3 days every 21 days until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Doses were modified in 0.25‐mg/m2 increments based on tolerability. Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor support was used as necessary.RESULTSFrom February to June 2000, 30 patients were enrolled. Their median age was 56 years (range, 41–81 years). Twenty‐nine patients were evaluable for toxicity and efficacy. A median of 5 courses (range, 1–11 courses) of topotecan was administered. Eighteen of 30 (60%) patients experienced Grade 4 neutropenia. There was one report each of Grade 4 thrombocytopenia, anemia, and gastrointestinal toxicity (grading performed according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). Ten patients developed Grade 3 leukopenia and 9 had Grade 3 neutropenia. Serious nonhematologic events were rare. There were 2 (7%) complete and 2 (7%) partial responses, for an overall response rate of 14%. Sixteen (55%) patients had stable disease and 9 (31%) experienced disease progression.CONCLUSIONSA 3‐day regimen of topotecan at a dose of 2.0 mg/m2 per day was generally well tolerated, although the response rate was lower than that for the standard 5‐day schedule. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11690
The development of bladder tumors and contralateral upper urinary tract tumors after primary transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract
Authors: Kang Chih‐Hsiung , Yu Tsan‐Jung , Hsieh Hwei‐Ho , Yang Joseph W. , Shu Kenneth , Huang Chao‐Cheng , Chiang Po‐Huang , Shiue Yow‐Ling 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDContralateral, metachronous upper urinary tract (UUT) tumors after primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the UUT are reported rarely, and to the authors' knowledge the risk factors have not been determined to date. In addition, few reports have described the characteristics of recurrent bladder tumors and contralateral UUT tumors and any relation between theses tumor types.METHODSStatistical analysis of data from 223 patients with documented primary UUT‐TCC was undertaken. After excluding bilateral involvement and distant metastases, 12 variables were analyzed by multivariate analysis in 189 patients to determine the risk factors for recurrent urothelial tumors.RESULTSThe incidence rates of recurrent bladder tumors and contralateral UUT tumors were 31.2% and 5.8%, respectively. Multiplicity was determined as a risk factor for recurrent bladder tumors. Renal insufficiency, uremia, and concurrent bladder tumors significantly predisposed patients to develop contralateral UUT tumors after primary UUT‐TCC. The time intervals and stage distributions differed significantly between recurrent bladder tumors and contralateral UTT tumors. Patients who had recurrent bladder tumors had earlier stage tumors and had a shorter time to recur compared with patients who had contralateral, metachronous UUT tumors.CONCLUSIONSFor patients with primary UUT‐TCC, regular follow‐up by cystoscopy is necessary to detect recurrent bladder tumors. Intravenous urography or retrograde pyelography should be performed for patients who have a high risk of developing contralateral UUT tumors. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11691
XRCC3 genetic polymorphism, smoking, and lung carcinoma risk in minority populations
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Liang Dong , Spitz Margaret R. , Zhang Kerang , Dong Qiong , Amos Christopher I. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe XRCC3 protein participates in DNA double‐strand breaks and recombinational repair. A single C‐to‐T nucleotide change at codon 241 (Thr241Met) has been identified in the XRCC3 gene. Using a hospital‐based case–control approach, the authors studied the XRCC3 polymorphism as a possible genetic risk factor for lung carcinoma in African Americans and Mexican Americans.METHODSA total of 112 patients with lung carcinoma were frequency matched with 190 control participants on the basis of age, gender, and ethnicity. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism molecular analysis was used successfully to identify the XRCC3 polymorphism in peripheral blood lymphocytes.RESULTSNo significant association between the XRCC3 variant allele polymorphism (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.72–2.15) and lung carcinoma risk was noted. However, a significantly increased risk for lung carcinoma (OR, 5.20; 95% CI, 1.59–17.03) was evident in heavy smokers with the variant T‐allele genotypes. Furthermore, a joint effect of the T‐allele and heavy smoking was observed (OR, 37.31; 95% CI, 11.43–121.72).CONCLUSIONSThe XRCC3 polymorphism appeared to be associated with increased risk of lung carcinoma in certain subgroups. It is plausible that the association is very heavily dependent on the degree of smoking. Further studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm these findings. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11692
The clinical significance of soluble CD86 levels in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Hock Barry D. , McKenzie Judith L. , Patton William Nigel , Haring Lisa F. , Yang Ying , Shen Yu , Estey Elihu H. , Albitar Maher 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDLevels of the soluble form of CD86 (sCD86) are elevated in a proportion of patients with leukemia. Although it is a potential modulator of antitumor responses, the significance of sCD86 in patients with hematologic malignancies is unknown.METHODSThe authors evaluated sCD86 levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 57 patients) and patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (n = 40 patients) and analyzed the relation between sCD86 levels and various clinical parameters.RESULTSLevels of sCD86 were elevated (> 2.32 ng/mL) relative to normal donors (0.22–2.32 ng/mL; n = 51 patients) in 25% of patients with AML and in 27% of patients with MDS. Patients with AML who had elevated sCD86 levels had significantly lower complete remission (CR) rates compared with patients with AML who had normal sCD86 levels. In multivariate analysis using sCD86 as a continuous variable and including the interaction of age and sCD86 as a variable, sCD86 was a significant prognostic factor (P = 0.014) independent of cytogenetics. Further analysis demonstrated that, in patients with AML age 60 years and younger, but not in patients older than 60 years, elevated sCD86 levels were associated with significantly shorter survival (P = 0.04). There was no correlation between sCD86 levels and CR rates or survival in patients with MDS.CONCLUSIONSThe presence in patients with AML of elevated levels of circulating sCD86 were associated with lower CR rates and poor survival. The prognostic significance of sCD86 was independent of cytogenetics but was modulated by age, in that it was independently significant only in younger patients. The results suggest that sCD86 may play a role in modulating immune responses associated with the progression of AML. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11693
Motility‐related protein 1 (MRP‐1/CD9) expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma and its relation to tumor recurrence and progression
Authors: Mhawech Paulette , Herrmann Françoís , Coassin Monique , Guillou Louis , Iselin Christophe E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDCD9 has been implicated in cell adhesion, motility, and proliferation, and numerous studies have demonstrated its prognostic value in different solid tumors. The objective of this study was to determine the relation of CD9 expression to tumor grade and tumor stage of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and to define the value of CD9 in predicting the behavior of superficial papillary tumors (SPTs) (pathologic Ta [pTa] and pT1).METHODSThree hundred twenty patients (118 patients with pTa tumors, 111 patients with pT1 tumors, and 91 patients with pT2 tumors) were examined for CD9 expression using immunohistochemistry applied on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. Patients were stratified into 3 categories, depending on CD9 expression: positive (> 50% positive cells), reduced (5–50% positive cells), or negative (< 5% positive cells).RESULTSLoss of CD9 expression was found to be associated significantly with high‐grade and high‐stage urothelial tumors (P < 0.0001). A reduced/negative (altered) CD9 expression was associated with SPT progression, but not with recurrence (P < 0.001). Patients who had pTa or pT1 tumors with altered CD9 expression had a relative risk of 5.59 (P = 0.005; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.69–18.48) for progression compared with patients who had tumors with positive CD9 expression. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that a lack of CD9 expression was associated significantly with progression free survival (P < 0.001; log‐rank test), but not with recurrence. In patients with SPTs, multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that negative CD9 expression was an independent prognostic marker for the prediction of tumor progression (P = 0.007; 95% CI, 0.11–0.70).CONCLUSIONSIn patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma, CD9 expression was associated significantly with tumor stage and grade, and a loss of CD9 expression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting progression in patients with SPTs. Thus, CD9 immunoexpression is a potential new predictor of tumor behavior in patients with SPTs of the urinary bladder. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11698
Long‐term efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid compared with pamidronate disodium in the treatment of skeletal complications in patients with advanced multiple myeloma or breast carcinoma
Authors: Rosen Lee S. , Gordon David , Kaminski Mary , Howell Anthony , Belch Andrew , Mackey John , Apffelstaedt Justus , Hussein Mohamad A. , Coleman Robert E. , Reitsma Dirk J. , Chen Bee‐Lian , Seaman John J. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe goal of the current study was to compare the long‐term (25‐month) safety and efficacy of zoledronic acid with pamidronate in patients with bone lesions secondary to advanced breast carcinoma or multiple myeloma.METHODSPatients (n = 1648) were randomized to receive 4 mg or 8 mg (reduced to 4 mg) zoledronic acid as a 15‐minute infusion or to receive 90 mg pamidronate as a 2‐hour infusion every 3–4 weeks for 24 months. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with at least 1 skeletal‐related event (SRE), defined as pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, radiation therapy, or surgery to bone. Secondary analyses included time to first SRE, skeletal morbidity rate, and multiple‐event analysis. Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM) was included as an SRE in some secondary analyses.RESULTSAfter 25 months of follow‐up, zoledronic acid reduced the overall proportion of patients with an SRE and reduced the skeletal morbidity rate similar to pamidronate. Compared with pamidronate, zoledronic acid (4 mg) reduced the overall risk of developing skeletal complications (including HCM) by an additional 16% (P = 0.030). In patients with breast carcinoma, zoledronic acid (4 mg) was significantly more effective than pamidronate, reducing the risk of SREs by an additional 20% (P = 0.025) compared with pamidronate and by an additional 30% in patients receiving hormonal therapy (P = 0.009). Zoledronic acid (4 mg) and pamidronate were tolerated equally well. The most common adverse events included bone pain, nausea, and fatigue.CONCLUSIONSLong‐term follow‐up data confirm that zoledronic acid was more effective than pamidronate in reducing the risk of skeletal complications in patients with bone metastases from breast carcinoma and was of similar efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11701
Coagulopathic complications in breast cancer
Authors: Caine Graham J. , Stonelake Paul S. , Rea Daniel , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractPatients with cancer are highly susceptible to thromboembolic complications, which account for a significant percentage of the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Up to 15% of patients with clinically overt cancer present with venous thromboembolism during the course of their disease. Moreover, patients with cancer represent 20% of all patients in whom deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are diagnosed. This prothrombotic state in cancer can occur due to the ability of tumor cells to directly activate the blood‐clotting cascade and cause thrombosis or induce procoagulant properties and inhibit anticoagulant properties of vascular endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, and macrophages. It also is well established that this prothrombotic tendency in patients with cancer can be enhanced greatly by anticancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy. This phenomenon can be seen in patients with breast cancer, particularly after surgery and chemotherapy. Increased clotting risk also is associated with the use of central venous access devices, commonly used to administer chemotherapeutic agents in patients with cancer. Thrombosis prophylaxis, therefore, should be considered for patients with breast cancer who are at risk before and during intervention. In the current review, the authors discuss the problem of thromboembolism in patients with breast cancer who are undergoing therapy, the mechanisms by which thromboembolisms occur, and the potential strategies by which these events may be prevented. Better understanding of these pathogenetic pathways may lead to the development of more targeted strategies to prevent thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11702
A comparison of five immunohistochemical biomarkers and HER‐2/neu gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization in white and Korean patients with early‐onset breast carcinoma
Authors: Choi Doo Ho , Shin Dong Bok , Lee Min Hyuk , Lee Dong Wha , Dhandapani Devika , Carter Darryl , King Bonnie L. , Haffty Bruce G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this article was to compare five tumor markers between white women in the U.S. and native Korean women with early‐onset breast carcinoma.METHODSSixty Korean women who were diagnosed with breast carcinoma at age 45 years or younger and 60 white women with breast carcinoma who were matched by age were selected for this study. The median age of both groups was 37 years. Paraffin embedded blocks of the primary tumor were processed for immunohistochemical staining of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), p53, cyclin D1, and HER‐2/neu.RESULTSThe proportion of tumors that stained positive for ER, PR, p53, and cyclin D1 in the Korean women were 47.5%, 42.4%, 28.8%, and 40.9%, respectively; in the white women, the proportions were 43.9%, 52.6%, 21.1%, and 59.1%, respectively. The differences between the white patients and the Korean patients were not statistically significant with respect to any of those variables. A significant difference was found in the expression of HER‐2/neu. Specifically, positive HER‐2/neu status was observed in 47.5% of Korean women, compared with overexpression in only 15.8% of white women (P < 0.001). Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for HER‐2/neu gene amplification on all HER‐2/neu positive samples that scored 2 + and 3 + demonstrated a significant difference (P = 0.007) in gene amplification between the two populations. Differences in HER‐2/neu positivity were observed for the entire cohort as well as among the subsets of patients with negative and positive lymph node status. No association was found between immunoreactivity for the five markers and axillary lymph node metastasis.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of high positivity of HER‐2/neu expression and gene amplification in Korean women with early‐onset breast carcinoma may have potential implications for local and systemic management of breast carcinoma, especially anti‐HER‐2/neu therapy for patients with hormone receptor negativity. Further research will be needed to identify biologic and genetic factors and their effects on the survival between different racial groups. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11703
A multicenter Phase I safety study of intratumoral photoactivation of talaporfin sodium in patients with refractory solid tumors
Authors: Lustig Robert A. , Vogl Thomas J. , Fromm David , Cuenca Rosa , Alex Hsi R. , D'Cruz Anil K. , Krajina Zdenko , Turić Marko , Singhal Anil , Chen James C. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) currently is approved for the palliative treatment of malignancies of the aerodigestive tract using laser‐activated porfimer sodium. A new approach has been developed, based on intratumoral placement of a nonlaser light device that activates talaporfin sodium, that may expand the use of PDT to include a broader range of treatment‐resistant malignancies. The safety of this approach was assessed in a Phase I study in patients with locally advanced, refractory tumors.METHODSTwenty‐one patients with radiation‐resistant or chemotherapy‐resistant or inoperable malignancies were enrolled in four cohorts representing four light doses. Patients were treated with a single intratumoral light device and a fixed photosensitizer dose. Safety assessments were based on review of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs), and independent evaluation of computed tomography (CT) images.RESULTSThe observed occurrence of treatment‐related AEs and SAEs was minimal. No cutaneous phototoxicity was observed in any patient. The overall observed tumor response rate was 33%.CONCLUSIONSPhotoactivation of talaporfin sodium using intratumoral nonlaser light was found to be safe in the patient population of the current study at all light dose levels tested. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11708
Prostate carcinoma risk subsequent to diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Chokkalingam Anand P. , Nyrén Olof , Johansson Jan‐Erik , Gridley Gloria , McLaughlin Joseph K. , Adami Hans‐Olov , Hsing Ann W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPathologically, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is not considered a precursor for prostate carcinoma. However, because the two conditions share not only a similar hormonal environment within the prostate but also several common risk factors, it is possible that men with BPH may be at increased risk of prostate carcinoma due to these shared factors.METHODSTo elucidate this further, the authors used Swedish nationwide population‐based record‐linkage data to assess prostate carcinoma risk up to 26 years after the diagnosis of BPH among 86,626 men.RESULTSOverall, relative to the general population, patients with BPH experienced little, if any, excess risk of prostate carcinoma (2% excess incidence after 10 years of follow‐up). However, patients with BPH with and without surgical intervention experienced different prostate carcinoma risk patterns. Those undergoing transvesicular adenomectomy had a significant 22% lower incidence and a 23% lower mortality after the first 5 years of follow‐up and those undergoing transurethral resection had a significant 10% higher incidence but a 17% lower mortality. In contrast, after the first 5 years, patients with BPH who did not receive surgical intervention experienced significant excesses of both prostate carcinoma incidence (18%) and mortality (77%).CONCLUSIONSThe differences in prostate carcinoma incidence and mortality by BPH treatment type suggest that factors related to treatment or health reasons underlying the selection of treatment influence subsequent prostate carcinoma risk. Further studies are needed to confirm the minimal excess risk of prostate carcinoma among BPH patients overall and the possible impact of BPH treatment methods on subsequent prostate carcinoma risk. Cancer 2003. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.11710