bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Zhang Yusheng , Maskan Bermudez Narges , Sa Brianna , Maderal Andrea D. , Jimenez Joaquin J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAutoimmune connective tissue disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis (SSc) and dermatomyositis (DM), often manifest with debilitating cutaneous lesions and can result in systemic organ damage that may be life‐threatening. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, many patients still experience low rates of sustained remission and significant treatment toxicity. While genetic predisposition plays a role in these connective tissue disorders, the relatively low concordance rates among monozygotic twins (ranging from approximately 4% for SSc to about 11%–50% for SLE) have prompted increased scrutiny of the epigenetic factors contributing to these diseases. In this review, we explore some seminal studies and key findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of how dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms can contribute to the development of SLE, SSc and DM.
Persisting in extreme environments: What are the drivers of body conditions of introduced fish in high mountain lakes?
Authors: Vagnon Chloé , Sentis Arnaud , Gerfand Benjamin , Guillard Jean , Raymond Jean‐Claude , Loheac Bertrand , Proner Damien , Vallat Manuel , Frossard Victor 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Salmonids are introduced in various ecosystems, including mountain lakes characterised by extreme environmental constraints. Although these constraints can affect salmonid body condition through direct and indirect pathways, they remain seldom explored despite their importance for understanding salmonid fitness and long‐term establishment.

In order to fill this gap, we firstly fitted species‐specific weight–length relationships for three salmonid species in nine mountain lakes, and compared their allometric coefficients with those of 362 salmonid populations worldwide to identify potential differences in growth trajectory of salmonids in the studied lakes. We then investigated how thermal characteristics and lake morphometry could influence salmonid body conditions, both directly and indirectly through salmonid density, the presence of forage fish and resource densities. We calculated salmonid relative body condition Kn and used a structural equation model (SEM) to disentangle these direct and indirect effects.

The values of allometric coefficients for the three species did not differ from those of most salmonids worldwide although ontogenetic changes in Salvelinus alpinus weight gain was observed. Kn differed significantly among the populations studied. The strongest effects were related to direct and indirect effects of lake morphometry, while thermal characteristics had mostly indirect effects on Kn. The strength and the sign of the indirect effects of morphometry and temperature were mediated by the direct effects of resource and salmonid densities on Kn.

Kn estimates were greater in lakes with shallow basin slopes than those with steep slopes. Shallow basin slopes probably provide habitats that support high prey availability and require lower energy expenditure by salmonids compared to lakes with steep slopes dominated by pelagic habitats. Complementarily, higher winter and summer temperatures favour Kn by supporting higher prey densities and longer periods of feeding activity. Our results may help managers to select lakes that optimise sustainability of salmonid populations based on the joint effects of basin morphometry and the expected thermal modifications induced by global change.
Merging trait‐based ecology and regime shift theory to anticipate community responses to warming
Authors: Weisberg Sarah J. , Pershing Andrew J. , Grigoratou Maria , Mills Katherine E. , Fenwick Ileana F. , Frisk Michael G. , McBride Richard , Lucey Sean M. , Kemberling Adam , Beltz Brandon , Nye Janet A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic warming is altering species abundance, distribution, physiology, and more. How changes observed at the species level alter emergent community properties is an active and urgent area of research. Trait‐based ecology and regime shift theory provide complementary ways to understand climate change impacts on communities, but these two bodies of work are only rarely integrated. Lack of integration handicaps our ability to understand community responses to warming, at a time when such understanding is critical. Therefore, we advocate for merging trait‐based ecology with regime shift theory. We propose a general set of principles to guide this merger and apply these principles to research on marine communities in the rapidly warming North Atlantic. In our example, combining trait distribution and regime shift analyses at the community level yields greater insight than either alone. Looking forward, we identify a clear need for expanding quantitative approaches to collecting and merging trait‐based and resilience metrics in order to advance our understanding of climate‐driven community change.
Sex differences in symptom presentation and their impact on diagnostic accuracy in Werner syndrome
Authors: Kaneko Hiyori , Maezawa Yoshiro , Tsukagoshi‐Yamaguchi Ayano , Koshizaka Masaya , Takada‐Watanabe Aki , Nakamura Rito , Funayama Shinichiro , Aono Kazuto , Teramoto Naoya , Sawada Daisuke , Maeda Yukari , Minamizuka Takuya , Hayashi Aiko , Ide Kana , Ide Shintaro , Shoji Mayumi , Kitamoto Takumi , Takemoto Minoru , Kato Hisaya , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: December 2023

AimWhether sex differences exist in hereditary progeroid syndromes remains unclear. In this study, we investigated sex differences in patients with Werner syndrome (WS), a model of human aging, using patient data at the time of diagnosis.MethodsThe presence of six cardinal signs in the diagnostic criteria was retrospectively evaluated.ResultsWe found that the percentage of patients with all cardinal signs was higher in males than in females (54.2% vs. 21.2%). By the age of 40 years, 57.1% of male patients with WS presented with all the cardinal signs, whereas none of the female patients developed all of them. In particular, the frequency of having a high‐pitched, hoarse voice, a characteristic of WS, was lower in female patients. The positive and negative predictive values for clinical diagnosis were 100% for males and females, indicating the helpfulness of diagnostic criteria regardless of sex. More female patients than male (86.7% vs. 64%) required genetic testing for their diagnosis because their clinical symptoms were insufficient, suggesting the importance of genetic testing for females even if they do not show typical symptoms of WS. Finally, the frequency of abnormal voice was lower in patients with WS harboring the c.3139‐1G > C homozygous mutation.ConclusionThese results indicate, for the first time, that there are sex differences in the phenotypes of hereditary progeroid syndromes. The analysis of this mechanism in this human model of aging may lead to the elucidation of sex differences in the various symptoms of normal human aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 161–167.
Thermal shock resistance and dimensional stability of zirconia‐corundum‐mullite composites for solar thermal storage
Authors: Zhou Yang , Wu Jianfeng , Li Jingwen , Xu Xiaohong , Shen Yaqiang , Yu Jiaqi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractZirconia‐corundum‐mullite composites were prepared from andalusite, ZrO2, and α‐Al2O3 and evaluated for application as solar thermal storage materials in this study. The effects of ZrO2 concentration (0–25 wt%) and sintering temperature(1500–1650°C) on the bending strength, phase composition, microstructure, dimensional stability, and thermal shock resistance of the samples were investigated. The results showed that sample C2 (containing 10 wt% ZrO2) sintered at 1600°C exhibited the best properties. A portion of Y2O3 existed in ZrO2, which excited a small amount of t‐ZrO2 in the sample after sintering, while the other portion of Y2O3 was separated from ZrO2 and participated in the formation of a high‐temperature liquid phase. The liquid phase reduced the dimensional stability of the sample. However, the liquid phase could also promote sintering, reducing the optimal sintering temperature, with lower sintering temperatures increasing the dimensional stability of the sample. Once again, the C2 sample exhibited the highest thermal shock resistance, with a strength loss of 2.76 MPa after 30 thermal shock tests. The thermal storage density(25–1100°C) of C2 was 1121 kJ/kg. In summary, sample C2 exhibits a high degree of dimensional stability and thermal shock resistance and can thus be used as a reliable solar thermal storage material.
The microwave dielectric properties of the low‐temperature firing BaZnP2O7 ceramics with Co2+ substitution
Authors: Huang Fangyi , Tang Xiaoli , Zhang Qin , Huo Xingyu , Li Yuanxun , Jian Xian , Su Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, the microwave dielectric properties of Co2+‐substituted BaZnP2O7 ceramics prepared through conventional solid‐state synthesis were investigated. X‐ray diffraction, Rietveld refinement, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy all indicated that BaZn1−xCoxP2O7 ceramics sintered at 875°C were composed of a single phase. The lattice strain and crystallite size were estimated using Williamson–Hall (W–H) method. Both the scanning electron microscopy images and density measurements showed that Co2+ ions had an effect on the grain growth and densification of ceramics. The microwave dielectric properties were influenced by the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that varied with the increase of x value. An optimal performance (εr = 7.62, Q × f = 600 45 GHz, and τf = −74 ppm/°C) was achieved at x = .01. The porosity and relative density played a significant role in the dielectric constant εr: the denser the ceramic structure, the larger the dielectric constant. The Q × f and τf values were negatively correlated with the full width at half maximum of the Raman vibrational peak at approximately 1049 cm−1. Moreover, the Q × f value was improved compared to that of the undoped BaZnP2O7 ceramics. Therefore, cobalt ion substitution is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of microwave dielectric ceramics.
The role of reticence in the comprehension of metaphorical taboo expressions in the foreign language
Authors: Suñer Ferran , De Cock Barbara 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present study focuses on the influence of L2 learners’ attitudes toward and perception of sexual taboos on their comprehension of metaphorical taboo expressions. Other aspects such as the presence of contextual information and the L2 learners’ stay‐abroad experience were also included in the study design. A total of 53 students of Spanish as a foreign language were presented with metaphorical taboo expressions from the MadSex corpus. They also were asked to rate their reticence to talk about sex and to use sexual taboo expressions. The results show that a higher degree of reticence to talk about sex is associated with a worse performance on the metaphor comprehension test. Furthermore, learners with a stay‐abroad experience outperformed their counterparts on the comprehension test, but they did not guess the meaning from the context more successfully. Finally, participants with stay‐abroad experience found it more acceptable to use sexual taboo expressions.
Linking motivation and willingness to communicate in online L3 learning context: The influence of emotions and perceived positive language interaction
Authors: Lei Fei , Chen Xinjie , Fan Xitao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe importance of “willingness to communicate” (WTC) in foreign language learning has been widely discussed. However, the current research on WTC mainly focuses on traditional classrooms, and there is insufficient attention to WTC in L3 online learning. This study explored the psychological process among motivation, WTC, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), and perceived positive language interaction (PPLI). Based on data collected from 492 college students who were taking the online L3 course, results showed that: (1) L3 learners were somewhat willing to use L3 for communicating in online classes; (2) motivation was positively related to WTC; (3) FLE and FLCA mediated the relationship between motivation and WTC differently; (4) PPLI had moderating effects on both the relationship between FLE and WTC and between FLCA and WTC. Implications of online foreign language learning were discussed.
Evaluation of a virtual ward model of care and readmission characteristics during the COVID‐19 pandemic within an Australian tertiary hospital
Authors: Farquhar Drew , Choong Keat , Anderson James , Peters Sandra , Subedi Shradha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirtual ward (VW) models of care established during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic provided safe and equitable provision of ambulatory care for low‐risk patients; however, little is known about patients who require escalation of care to hospitals from VWs.AimTo assess our VW model of care and describe the characteristics of patients admitted to the hospital from the VW.MethodsObservational study of all patients admitted to a tertiary hospital COVID‐19 VW between 1 December 2021 and 30 June 2022. Utilisation and epidemiological characteristics were assessed for all patients while additional demographics, assessments, treatments and outcomes were assessed for patients admitted to the hospital from the VW.ResultsOf 9494 patient admissions, 269 (2.83%) patients identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and 1774 (18.69%) were unvaccinated. The median length of stay was 5.10 days and the mean Index of Relative Socio‐economic Advantage and Disadvantage decile was 5.73. One hundred sixty (1.69%) patients were admitted to the hospital from the VW, of which 25 were adults admitted to medical wards. Of this cohort, prominent comorbidities were obesity, hypertension, asthma and frailty, while the main symptoms on admission to the VW were cough, fatigue, nausea and sore throat. High Pandemic Respiratory Infection Emergency System Triage (PRIEST), Veterans Health Administration COVID‐19 (VACO), COVID Home Safely Now (CHOSEN) and 4C mortality scores existed for those readmitted.ConclusionsThis VW model of care was both safe and effective when applied to a broad socioeconomic population during the COVID‐19 pandemic. While readmission to the hospital was low, this study identified key characteristics of such presentations, which may assist future triaging, escalation and resource allocation within VWs during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.
Concentration dependent cyan emission by europium‐doped borosilicate glasses
Authors: Cui Jiuzhi , Sun Xin‐Yuan , Wen Yufeng , Zhang Chenxi , Chen Runchuan , Wu Miaochun , Yu Meidong , Li Chaoyuan , Xiao Zhuohao , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAt present, doping of different alkaline‐earth metal ions is mainly used to tune the emission peak of europium (Eu) ions in glasses. However, the optimization of Eu‐doped glasses is hindered due to limited discussion on the relationship between local glass network structure, concentration of Eu ion dopants, and visible light emission by Eu ions. In this study, we prepared two series of borosilicate glasses doped with Eu ions, by varying the ratio of SiO2 to B2O3 and adjusting the concentration of Eu ion dopants to obtain cyan emission. The optical properties, structure, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the investigated glasses were systematically studied. With gradual increase in the content of SiO2, red shifting from 471 nm to 492 nm was observed under excitation at 410 nm, with the introduction of Eu2O3 also causing a redshift from 471 nm to 488 nm. The spectral results also revealed that under excitation at 410 nm all the glass samples exhibited cyan emission, with the optimal cyan peak at 492 nm (Si‐45) and the strongest cyan emission at Eu‐0.4 (480 nm). By adjusting the concentration ratios of Si to B in europium‐doped borosilicate glass, it was observed that by altering the [SiO4] tetrahedra, [BO4] tetrahedra, and [BO3] triangles within the glass ultimately cyan emission can be achieved. By varying the doping concentration of Eu ion to change the degree of local Eu ion clustering in the glass system, cyan emission can be achieved by tuning the emission peak.
Eutectoid decompositions in Ce‐containing ABO3 perovskites: Part I, the case of cooperative growth in CeAlO3
Authors: Johnston‐Peck Aaron C. , Maier Russell A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxidation of perovskite CeAlO3 results in the eutectoid transformation to CeO2 and Al2O3. This phase transformation was recorded using thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Lamellar features in the resultant microstructure indicate cooperative growth. Processing conditions dictate the lamellae sizes, which can be as small as a few nanometers, and coarsen into large domains with additional high temperature annealing.
Significant improvement of slag corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance of corundum‐based dry vibratable refractory by addition of Fe–Si3N4
Authors: Qi Gang , Li Peilin , Li Minghui , Chen Ruoyu , Ding Yi , Li Saisai , Lv Siwei , Li Canhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFe–Si3N4 was introduced to improve the service performance of corundum‐based dry vibratable refractories in the casting industry, specifically enhancing their thermal shock resistance and resistance to slag corrosion. The study analyzed the effects of Fe–Si3N4 powder content on the refractories’ mechanical properties, phase compositions, slag corrosion resistance, and microstructures. The addition of Fe–Si3N4 facilitated the production of magnesium aluminate spinel in the refractory matrix, while also decreasing the wettability between the molten slag and refractory. Increasing the Fe–Si3N4 content resulted in accelerating the replacing Mg2+ (0.072 nm) with Al3+ (0.053 nm) in the spinel. Simultaneously, Fe3+ (0.055 nm) was effectively dissolved into the alumina crystals. The bulk density, compressive strength, and slag corrosion resistance of the refractories were improved. However, the thermal shock resistance initially increased but then decreased. In industrial tests, a corundum‐based dry vibratable refractory with a 1 wt.% Fe–Si3N4 content effectively prolonged the lifespan of an induction melting furnace when used as a lining refractory. Importantly, the refractory did not spall or generate cracks in the matrix after induction melt furnace industrial test.
Reminders of an agentic ingroup buffer disease uncontrollability
Authors: Relke Susanne , Fritsche Immo , Masson Torsten , Greenaway Katharine H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractChronic illness has negative impacts beyond those on physical health. In particular, because it is often experienced as uncontrollable, chronic illness might reduce people's general sense of personal control and, subsequently, personal well‐being. Drawing on recent theory and research, we proposed and tested in four experiments (Ntotal = 1323) a potential buffer to these negative effects: thinking about an agentic social ingroup in one's life. In Study 1, patients suffering from a chronic illness that was either high or low in medical disease controllability were asked either to think about an agentic ingroup or a personal issue. Low perceived disease‐related control was associated with low perceived personal control only when participants' personal self, but not when their ingroup, was salient. In three follow‐up vignette studies, we asked participants to take the perspective of a person who suffered from a health problem of low medical disease controllability and attended a self‐help group that was described as either high or low in agency. The findings supported the predicted buffering effect: participants who reflected on a target suffering from a low control disease thought that the target would experience more personal control when the agentic (vs. the nonagentic) self‐help group was salient. These findings suggest ingroups can serve as a source of personal control in the context of health‐related threats to the extent that they are perceived as agentic. Thus, focusing on agentic properties of (health‐related) ingroups might be a promising novel strategy when designing effective group‐based interventions to cope with chronic illness.
An examination of questioning methods and the influence of child maltreatment on paediatric pain assessments: Perspectives of healthcare providers
Authors: Baker Matthew , Campbell Sarah , Patel Krupali , McWilliams Kelly , Williams Shanna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesChildren with a history of maltreatment have underestimated and undertreated pain; however, it is unknown if healthcare providers consider maltreatment when assessing children's pain. The current study aimed to address this issue by investigating healthcare providers' pain assessment practices, and specifically, their consideration of child maltreatment.MethodHealthcare providers (N = 100) completed a survey, asking them to reflect upon their pediatric pain assessment practices (e.g., methods and questions used to assess pain) through self‐report and case vignette questions.ResultsParticipants who received continuing education about child maltreatment were more likely to consider maltreatment in several areas of their pediatric pain assessment practice, whereas participants who received continuing education about pediatric pain, were not. Participants were also more likely to report that they would consider maltreatment in vignette responses than in questions regarding their daily practice.ConclusionFindings indicate healthcare providers use multidimensional methods when assessing children's pain, although it is unclear when or how they use open‐ended vs. option posing questions. Healthcare providers also tended to consider the effects of child maltreatment on children's ability to communicate their pain more so when the history of maltreatment was known to them.
Establishment of aTaqManprobe‐basedqPCRassay for detecting microsporidiaEnterospora epinepheliin grouper
Authors: Liu Quan‐lin , Wang Yuan , Chen Jie , Pan Guo‐qing , Yue Yan‐Feng , Zhou Ze‐Yang , Fang Wen‐hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnterospora epinepheliis an intranuclear microsporidian parasite causing serious emaciative disease in hatchery‐bred juvenile groupers (Epinephelusspp.). Rapid and sensitive detection is urgently needed as its chronic infection tends to cause emaciation as well as white faeces syndrome and results in fry mortality. This study established a TaqMan probe‐based real‐time quantitative PCR assays targeting the small subunit rRNA (SSU) gene ofE. epinepheli.The relationship between the standard curve of cycle threshold (Ct) and the logarithmic starting quantity (SQ) was determined as Ct = −3.177 lg (SQ) + 38.397. The correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.999, and the amplification efficiency was 106.4%. The detection limit of the TaqMan probe‐based qPCR assay was 1.0 × 101copies/μL and that is 100 times sensitive than the traditional PCR method. There is no cross‐reaction with other aquatic microsporidia such asEcytonucleospora hepatopenaei,Nucleospora hippocampi,Potasporasp.,Ameson portunus.The intra‐assay and inter‐assay showed great repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the test of clinical samples showed that this assay effectively detectedE. epinepheliin the grouper's intestine tissue. The established TaqMan qPCR assays will be a valuable diagnostic tool for the epidemiological investigation as well as prevention and control ofE. epinepheli.