bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Carotid Cavernous Fistula: a Case Report of Carotid Cavernous Fistula (CCF)
Authors: ALAZI  , Devi Azri Wahyuni  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction : Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal connection between the carotid arterial system and the sinus cavernous. Abnormal vascular shunt allowed blood to flow either direct or indirect from the carotid artery into the sinus cavernous. The indications for treatment of CCF are increased ocular pressure, double vision, bruits, severe headache, and severe proptosis resulting in keratopathy due to exposed cornea. Management of CCF include conservative management, endovascular intervention, surgery, and radiology intervention.
Case Illustration : A 61 years old female came to the hospital complained redness on both eyes since 6 months ago, the redness in these eyes unrelieved even they had been treated. The patient have history given three types of drugs but there was not improvement. physical examination shown proptosis, injection of episcleral, cloudy lens with LOCSS NC2NO2C1P1 on both eyes, other examination also shown bruit on both eyes, Laboratory results was in normal limit. Funduscopic examination shown tigroid appearance.
Discussion : Arterialization of the conjunctival vessels is a characteristic feature of CCF, other than physical examination, patient was planned for CT angiography examination to find external causes of injury assessing ICH and ischemia. Patient got external manual compression of the ipsilateral cervical carotid artery for about 30 to 40 seconds four times per hour several times daily for 4-6 weeks.
Conclusion : Although CCF initially can be mistaken for conjunctivitis or episcleritis. Methods of therapy for CCF include conservative management, endovascular intervention, surgery, and interventional radiology. CCF itself is generally not life threatening but requires treatment to prevent worsening of the eye
INTRAOCULAR LENS EXCHANGE PROCEDURE AS A MANAGEMENT FOR INTRAOCULAR LENS DISCOLORATION
Authors: Arrizasyifaa Raden Muhammad Tanri , Sugiarti Emmy Dwi , Tjokrovonco Ludwig M. , Knoch Andrew MH. , Budiman  
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Intraocular lens (IOL) discoloration is a rare complication of cataract surgery. It may result in severe visual function impairment and potentially lower the patient's quality of life. IOL exchange is an unusual procedure as the incidence rate was 2 per 1000 surgeries over 8 years. It is the surgical procedure of choice for symptomatic IOL discoloration.
Case Illustration : A 50-year-old man came to the hospital complaining of a right eye blurry vision for the previous two months. His right eye had undergone cataract surgery seven years earlier. After having cataract surgery, the patient's vision was clear, but five years later, it began to feel blurry and glare. The patient has a history of well-controlled type II diabetes and hypertension. An intraocular lens discoloration was discovered after a careful examination of the eye (figure 1). For his right eye, the patient underwent an IOL exchange procedure (figure 2). A square-edge single-piece foldable IOL was obtained from the surgery. Follow-up examinations after surgery revealed an improved visual function and a clear intraocular lens (figure 3).
Discussion : IOL discoloration may occur years after surgery. It is related to the type of IOL, local ocular factors, and the patient's systemic condition. The IOL exchange procedure consists of IOL extraction and secondary IOL implantation. The extraction can be done by cutting, splitting (bisecting), or folding the IOL. Different methods of fixation can be used for secondary IOL implantation.
Conclusion : The IOL exchange procedure can optimally restore visual functions after a severe decline caused by IOL discoloration.
Prevalence and characteristics Of miopia in elementary school children in Badung District , 2018
Authors: WATU THEDIUS , Handayani Ariesanti Tri , Manuaba Putra 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesRefractive disorders are the second most common cause of blindness at all ages after cataracts andare the leading cause of visual impairment in the world. The World The most common refractivedisorder in students especially in Asia is miopia. This study aims to determine the prevalence andcharacteristics of miopia in elementary school children in Badung Regency, Bali.
MethodsThis research is an observational with analytic cross-sectional study approach. Data were collectedprospectively in children in four elementary schools in Badung, Bali. To assess the relationshipbetween sex, age, history of wearing glasses in parents and duration of near work activity withmyopia using chi-square.
ResultsThe subjects were 1,067 students, consisting of 557 (52.2%) women and 510 (47.8%) men, the mostage was 9 years (19.1%), the average duration of near work activity was 83.79 ± 29, 46 hours/week,152 students (14.24%) with refractive disorders and bilateral myopia were the most refractivedisorders (65.8%). Of the 150 students with miopia, 60% were female students, aged at most 11years (28%), 90% of students had uncorrectedmiopia, 68% of parents of students without miopia,mean near work activity was 81,71±23,30 hours / week. No significant relationship was foundbetween sex and age and the prevalence of myopia. Significant relationship was found between theuse of glasses in parents and the length of close-up activity with myopia with PR=7.35 (95% CI:7.10-10.56) and PR=1.177 (95% CI 1.05-1.78).
ConclusionThere are differences in the characteristics of miopia in primary school students between urban andremote areas and between developed and developing countries due to sociodemographicdifferences, level of education, type of activity, income and culture.
Management of Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma in Nanophthalmic Eye : A Challenging Case
Authors: Almira Dwirianti , Umbara Sonie 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Nanophthalmos is a condition characterized by short eyeball length (AXL <20.0mm), short and dense anterior segment, high eye volume or lens ratio, hypermetropia (+8.00 to +20.00) and scleral thickening (>1.7mm)
Case Illustration : A 63-year-old man came to the Glaucoma outpatient clinic at Cicendo Hospital with complaints of blurry eyes since 3 years ago. The visual acuity in the right eye was light perception, and in the left eye was hand movement. The anterior chamber was shallow, with seclusio pupil in both eyes (Figure1). Biometry showed axial length 17.06 mm in the right eye and 16.82 mm in the left eye. The patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery + IOL + iris retractor + pupiloplasty + synechiolysis + sclerectomy for the right eye with satisfactory result (Figure3).
Discussion : This surgical procedure for nanophthalmos has its own challenges for the operator due to the shallow anterior segment and small corneal diameter. In this case, surgery was performed first in the right eye, with consideration of a greater anterior chamber depth than the left eye. The sclerectomy procedure performed on this patient was 4 mm from the limbus and was performed full thickness only in one quadrant (Figure2).
Conclusion : Multiple anatomic abnormalities in nanophthalmic eyes make surgery extremely challenging and are associated with a high incidence of significant intraoperative and postoperative complications. Phocoemulsification with sclerectomy can be alternative option to manage secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmic eye.
Transglutaminase-induced Cornea Collagen Crosslinking Effect on Central Corneal Thickness and Keratocyte Cell Density
Authors: PUSPITA HAPSARI SITORASMI  , Yuniar Sarah Ningtiyas  , Indri Wahyuni  , Yulia Primatasari  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of transglutaminase-induced corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) on central corneal thickness (CCT) and keratocyte cell density in vivo.
Methods : Twenty-eight white New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups: the transglutaminase- induced CXL group, the epithelial-off CXL group, the transepithelial CXL group, and the control group. The ocular surface was treated with a 1 U/mL microbial transglutaminase solution, and both the epithelial-off and transepithelial groups were exposed to clinical ultraviolet A-riboflavin (UVA/RF). The efficacy of each group was evaluated on the 14th day after the procedures. Central corneal thickness was evaluated with Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) and keratocyte cell density wad evaluated with histopathology examination.
Results : Transglutaminase-induced CXL group exhibited the highest mean biomechanical CCT (370.14 ± 38.85) in comparison to the UVA/RF epithelial-off group (368.00 ± 25.48), the UVA/RF transepithelial group (369.86 ± 23.43), and the control group (365.14 ± 28.74). Still, there was no significant differences in both biomechanical CCT (p=0.990). Transglutaminase-induced CXL group had the highest mean of keratocyte cell density (43.26 ± 10.65) compared to UVA/RF epithelial-off (29.99 ± 4.79), UVA/RF transepithelial group (42.03 ± 6.55), and control group (34.36 ± 6.76). There was a significant difference between the group, with a p-value of 0.008.
Conclusion : Transglutaminase shown that it produces favorable results for CCT and keratocyte density after CXL, which are two factors contributing to corneal rigidity. The outcomes are equivalent to riboflavin used as a conventional element in CXL.
Artificial Intelligence for Retinal Detachment Detection: A Systematic Review of Current Applications
Authors: Seruni Hanna Ardhia  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Recent development in artificial intelligence has facilitated efficient and automatic detection of retinal detachment, leading to the potential of early intervention and better patient outcomes. This review aims to evaluate the latest advancements in detecting retinal detachment using artificial intelligence, specifically deep learning (DL) systems.
Methods : A systematic literature search was performed on five databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane. Original research investigations that evaluate deep learning in detecting retinal detachment or features of retinal detachment until February 2023 were included in the study. The outcome of interest were measures of diagnostic accuracy. The review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results : A total of six retrospective studies were included in this review. All studies applied deep learning in ultra-widefield fundus images for automated detection of retinal detachment compared to analysis and diagnosis by human graders (ophthalmologist/retinal specialists) as a reference standard. The deep learning model showed high sensitivity (87.5% - 99.0%), specificity (96.5% - 100%), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.988 - 1.00), and accuracy (97.82% - 99.50%).
Conclusion : Artificial intelligence using deep learning systems provided a high diagnostic value in retinal detachment detection. Further integration of artificial intelligence is expected to offer new possibilities in early diagnosis and treatment of retinal detachment.
THE METHODS OF ASSESSING VISUAL ACUITY IN CHILDREN IN COMMUNITY SETTING IN MALANG
Authors: Kusuma Ifada Hariani , Khuluqi Rofa Husnul , Anandita Nanda Wahyu 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesEarly visual acuity assessment in children is crucial for conducting early intervention to improvetheir literation quality. The examination in children often experiences difficulties, thus appropriateapproach and method are needed. The objective of this examination is to measure visual acuity inchildren using four different methods.
MethodsThis observational-descriptive study with cross-sectional design was established based on secondarydata collected through community service setting in two orphanages in Malang. This study includedchildren with an age range from 0.5 year-old to 12 year-old. All children underwent visual acuityexamination using Lea numbers, Lea symbols, Ivory Ball, and Mounted Ball.
ResultsA total of 57 children underwent visual acuity examination. The mean age of subjects was 5.9 (SD3.05) year-old. The caretaker of the orphanage had been informed and consented about theexamination and data analysis. Among those children, 26 (45.6%) were examined with Lea numbers,19 (33.3%) children with Lea symbols, 6 (10.5%) children with Ivory Ball, and 6 (10.5%) childrenwith Mounted Ball. The examination results were 33 (57.9%) children who had normal visual acuity,14 (24.6%) children with mild visual impairment, 7 (12.3%) children with moderate visualimpairment, 1 (1.8%) child with severe visual impairment, and 1 (1.8%) child considered blind.
ConclusionLea numbers, Lea symbols, Ivory Ball, and Mounted Ball could be used effectively to measurechildren visual acuity in community setting.
AGREEMENT OF MELBOURNE RAPID FIELDS PERIMETRY PARAMETERS TO HUMPHREY FIELD ANALYZER IN MODERATE-SEVERE GLAUCOMA PATIENTS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL ACUITY AND MELBOURNE RAPID FIELDS ACCURACY
Authors: Mayasari Yuri Dwi , Oktariana Virna Dwi , Fitriani Dewi Yunia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesPerimetric examination is vital for measuring visual field defects and predicting the progression ofglaucoma. The Covid-19 pandemic prompted the use of perimetry at home. Tablet or website-basedperimetry becomes an option due to unavailability of Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA). MelbourneRapid Fields (MRF) is affordable, portable and reliable, even provide the same benefits as HFA. Thisstudy aimed to assess the agreement of MRF results to HFA in moderate-severe glaucoma patientswith impaired visual acuity.
MethodsObservational study using a cross-sectional design to assess the relationship between visual acuityand the agreement of MRF vs HFA in moderate-severe glaucoma patients. Subjects were groupedinto two groups based on visual acuity. Each subject was examined with MRF and HFA, the order ofexamination was randomized using block randomization.
ResultsThe test durations were shorter on MRF than HFA (265.7±26.6 vs 384.4±46.7, P<0.001). There wasno significant difference in the reliability index of the two perimetry. MRF showed a high level ofconcordance in its outcomes with HFA (R=0.931, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.957 formean defect (MD) and R=0.941, ICC=0.974 for Visual Field Index (VFI)). MRF also showed levels oftest-retest repeatability comparable to HFA (R=0.948, ICC=0.989 for MD and R=0.946, ICC=0.989for Visual Capacity (VC)). There was no correlation between visual acuity and MRF accuracy,p>0.05.
ConclusionThe perimetry results from MRF have a very stong correlation to the HFA outcomes. MRF also hastest-retest repeatability comparable to HFA. The accuracy of the MRF results does not correlate withvisual acuity.
Differences in Keratometry Before and After Surgery Between Superior and Temporal Chevron Incision in Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: I MADE SURYA DINAJAYA  , Dr. dr. Mas Putrawati Triningrat, SpM(K)  , Dr. dr. Putu Yuliawati, SpM(K)  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Cataracts are the most common cases that cause blindness globally, where the lense was haze and characterized by decreased visual acuity and is reversible if optimal treatment is given. Examination before surgery is very important for outcome, where keratometry is one of the examinations before the surgery. Small incision cataract surgery (SICS) is one of cataract surgery technique, where a chevron incision is used in the superior or temporal regions. This study aims to determine which location is the best for an incision based on the results of keratometry.
Methods : This research is an analytical observational study, bidirectional (prospective-retrospective) with a cohort study approach conducted at the eye polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital and Surya Husadha Hospital, Denpasar. The study sample consisted of 46 eyes which were divided into two groups, 23 superior and 23 temporal incision, then the results were compared between groups.
Results : The results showed that the oldest age was the temporal incision group, which was 66.78±7.11. In the keratometry measurements, it was found that there were differences between the two groups, where the temporal incision resulted in smaller keratometric changes (p=<0.001). After analyzing the covariates, the temporal incision group still had smaller keratometry changes (p=<0.001) with astigmatism as an influential confounding factor. Meanwhile, post-op visual acuity was found in the temporal incision group which was better than the superior incision after analysis with covariates (p=0.002).
Conclusion : This study showed that the temporal incision group gave lower keratometry results and better post- op visual acuity than the superior incision group.
THE DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED REFRACTION AND FINAL REFRACTION USING BARRETT II UNIVERSAL FORMULA AND SRK/T FORMULA IN HIGH MYOPIA PATIENTS AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND IOL IMPLANTATION AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG
Authors: Irlinda Riva , Astuti Fatimah Dyah Nur 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Objective
Studies have shown that 38% of refractive errors after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation are caused by deviations in calculation of IOL power using formulas. The difference between the formula’s refractive prediction and patient’s final outcome highly increases in cases of high myopia, but there needs to be more research on this topic. This study aims to show the difference between the predicted and final refractive outcomes using Barrett II Universal (BUII) formula and the SRK/T in patients with high myopia who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.
Method
This analytical observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on patients with high myopia (axial length ? 26.0 mm) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between January 2021 and January 2022 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. The data used in this study consisted of biometric measurements and the difference between the predicted refractive outcomes using the BU-II and SRK/T formulas and the final refractive outcomes of patients one month after the surgery. The data were analyzed using a one-sample T-test, and significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Thirty-five eyes participated in this study, and the mean axial length was (29.33 2.01). The BU-II formula has a mean difference in the refraction prediction, with the patient's final refraction result being closer to zero (1.191.31) than the SRK/T formula (1.25 1,12). The refractive prediction difference between the two formulas was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The BU-II formula has a lower difference between predicted refractive outcomes and final refractive outcomes of high myopia patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation than the SRK/T formula.
THE EFFECT OF ALOE VERA TOPICAL GEL EXTRACTION ON TGF-β1 EXPRESSION IN THERMAL BURN PALPEBRA GRADE II RATS MODEL
Authors: RIANI ERNA  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Grade II palpebral burns are burns that reach the epidermis and part of the dermis of palpebrae and can have impaired wound healing. TGF β1 has the broadest spectrum of action, affecting all cell types involved in all stages of wound healing. Decreased expression of TGF β1 is associated with impaired wound healing. Aloe Vera has long been known in Indonesia as a healing plant. Aloe Vera extract contains a variety of bioactive compounds that play a role in stimulating wound healing. The administration of Aloe Vera extract on thermal burns aims to reduce inflammation, increase collagen content, and increase the rate of re-epithelization. The administration of Aloe Vera gel extract allows faster healing of thermal burns and rebuilds the vascularity of the wound tissue.
Methods : Objective: To determine the expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF β1) in a rat model of thermal burn injury grade II of the eyelids treated with topical Aloe Vera gel extract with the concentrations of 20%, 40%, Balanced Salt Sodium (BSS) and a control group that was not given burn intervention.
Results : Methodology: an experimental study with the post-test-only approach with a control group design. 24 Rats have induced grade II eyelid thermal burns, divided into four groups: Normal (without treatment), negative control (BSS), given Aloe vera 20%, 40%. Then TGF β1expression was quantified
Conclusion : The highest rise in TGF β1expression was found in the group with 40% Aloe vera gel, followed by 20% Aloe vera gel compared to the negative control (BSS Balanced Salt)
Tear Break Up Time Pattern in Medical Students After COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: SUDIBIA NI KADEK PUSPA MEGA PUTRI , Handayani Ariesanti Tri 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesCOVID-19 pandemic makes most activities are carried out online with using the VDT. Tear Break UpTime (TBUT) examination is a short and fast examination and is able to determine damage to thetear film and subjective examination using the OSDI Questionnaire. This study aimed to assess TBUTpattern in medical students after COVID-19 pandemic regarding VDT used for online learningactivities.
MethodsThis study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The difference inproportion between TBUT results based on gender was analyzed using chi-square test. Statisticalanalysis was carried out using a multivariate test based on the results of data normality. The onewayANOVA test is used for normally distributed data, while Kruskall-Wallis is used if the data is notnormally distributed.
ResultsA total of 75 subjects were included in the study, consisting of 53 females (70,7%) and 22 males(29.3%). Average use of VDT 8 hours per day. The average TBUT in both eyes were < 10 secondsand random breaks was the most common pattern seen in this study (61,3% OD and 62,7% OS).There was no significant difference between TBUT and gender but there was statistically significantdifference between OSDI score and TBUT.
ConclusionLongterm use of VDT may be affect TBUT and subjective symptoms shown by OSDI score. Randombreak was the most common pattern seen in young adults in relation with VDT use.
Differences of Endothelial Corneal Cells Morphology in HIV Patients With and Without Dry Eye Disease
Authors: Tri Rahmawati  , Daniel Johosua Siegers  , Juan Felix Pangestu  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Dry eye is a multifactorial disease that affects tear production. Furthermore, the secretion of tears is significantly reduced in patients with HIV. This study aimed to determine whether these changes would make differences in the morphology of corneal endothelial cells.
Methods : Our research used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional approach at the Waihaong Health Center in Ambon City and the Ambon Vlissingen Eye Clinic in March 2023. The sample for this study came from 40 HIV-positive patients who had previously been examined by an ophthalmologist and were diagnosed with dry eye syndrome. Chi-Square analyses were conducted to determine differences in corneal endothelial cell morphology (Cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonal cells).
Results : This study showed that of the 80 eyes of people living with HIV examined, 43,8% had dry eyes. No abnormal hexagonality was found in the corneal endothelial cells in all eyes examined. Decreased endothelial cell density was found in only four eye (5%). Although no significant difference was found for the coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells between dry eyes and those without (p=0.764), this study showed that the percentage of coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells that were increased/abnormal was higher in dry eye conditions (34.3%) compared to non-dry eyes (31.1%).
Conclusion : This study showed no significant differences in the morphology of the corneal endothelial cells of HIV patients with dry eyes. Further research is required with a larger sample size.