bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility of the uptake of U(VI) onto degraded cement pastes and calcium silicate hydrate phases
Authors: Pointeau I. , Landesman Catherine , Giffaut E. , Reiller Pascal 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe U(VI) uptake in degraded cement pastes was undertaken in the laboratories of CEA/L3MR and SUBATECH in order to check the reproducibility of the study. Two well hydrated cement pastes, CEM I (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) and CEM V (blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash added to OPC) were degraded using similar protocols. Equilibrium solutions and solid materials were characterised for three degradation states for each paste. All samples are free of portlandite and the pH of the equilibrated cement solutions vary in the range 9.8-12.2. Three calcium silicate hydrate phases (C-S-H) were synthesised in order to compare the sorption properties of degraded cement pastes and of hydrate phases in similar pH conditions. In order to avoid precipitation processes, the operational solubility limit was evaluated before batch experiments. These solubility values vary significantly in the pH range [9-13] with a 2.4×10-7mol L-1minimum at pH close to 10.5. In batch sorption experiments, the distribution ratioRdvalues are high: 3×104-1.5×105mL g-1. The uptake of U(VI) increases when comparing the least and the most degraded cement pastes whereas the initial composition of cement has relatively insensitive effect. Sorption isotherms, expressed as a log[U(VI)solid]/log [U(VI)solution] plots are linear. A slope of 1 is calculated indicating the predominance of sorption processes. As sorption and desorption values are close, the uptake mechanism seems reversible. TheRdvalues measured in C-S-H suspensions are in good agreement withRdvalues of degraded cement pastes, and C-S-H materials could be one of the cementitious phases which control U(VI) uptake in cement pastes.
Effect of humic acid on the sorption of Cm(III) ontoγ-Al2O3studied by the time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Wang X. K. , Rabung Thomas , Geckeis Horst , Panak Petra J. , Klenze R. , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: December 2004

SummarySorption of Cm(III) ontoγ-alumina coated with humic acid (HA) is studied by the Time Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS). The experiments are performed at 0.1 M NaClO4, 0.44 g/Lγ-Al2O3, 10 mg/L HA and at a metal ion concentration of 2×10-7mol/L. At the investigated pH range (4 to 10) HA is completely sorbed to γ-Al2O3. The excitation spectrum of Cm(III) bound to HA/γ-Al2O3in the wavelength range 370-400 nm exhibits broad flat bands very different from those obtained for the Cm(III) aquo ion and the Cm(III)-γ-Al2O3surface complex, respectively. The spectrum, lacking distinctive structure due to intramolecular energy transfer processes, points to the predominant binding of the Cm(III) to surface-bound HA. TRLFS experiments performed at two different excitation wavelengths (λex=355 and 396.6 nm) allow for a differentiation of humic-bound and non-humic-bound Cm(III). Differences in fluorescence spectra obtained at the different excitation wavelengths are found at pH<6.9. They are due to the presence of the non-complexed Cm(III) aquo ion which is not detected in the indirect excitation mode (λex=355 nm). At pH≥7, the fluorescence spectra obtained by indirect and direct excitation become congruent and again point to the existence of only humic-bound Cm(III) species. Comparison of peak maxima and fluorescence lifetimes for Cm(III)-HA and Cm(III)-HA/γ-Al2O3, however, reveal differences. The results clearly indicate a contribution of theγ-Al2O3surface to the Cm(III) binding and, thus, suggest the formation of ternary complexes such as >Al-O-Cm(III)(HA).
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy as a speciation tool for natural organic molecules
Authors: Rothe Jörg , Plaschke Markus , Denecke Melissa A. 
Published: December 2004

Summary
A molecular-scale understanding of the basic processes affecting stability and transport behavior of actinide cations, complexes or hydroxide (‘eigencolloid’) species is prerequisite to performance assessment of nuclear waste disposal in geological formations. Depending on their functional group chemistry and macromolecular structure, naturally occurring organic molecules (NOM) possess a high tendency towards actinide complexation reactions. However, the compositional and structural heterogeneity of NOM and mixed aggregates with inorganic phases makes speciation by spectromicroscopy techniques highly desirable. The applicability of Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) as a speciation tool for the characterization of NOM is demonstrated for a multifunctional natural organic acid (chlorogenic acid), Eu(III)-loaded humic acid (HA) aggregates and Eu(III)-oxo/hydroxide/HA hetero-aggregates. It is shown that in situ probing of HA functional group chemistry down to a spatial resolution <100 nm (i.e., less than femto-liter sampled volumes) is feasible, at the same time revealing morphological details on NOM aggregates and NOM/mineral associations.
Interactions of trivalent and tetravalent heavy metal-siderophore complexes withPseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Yoshida T. , Ozaki Takuo , Ohnuki T. , Francis Arokiasamy J. 
Published: December 2004

SummaryWe investigated the interactions of the Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-desferrioxamine B (DFO) complexes with the Gram-negative aerobic bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescens. Potentiometric titration of 1:1 Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-DFO complexes showed that Hf(IV) formed a strong complex with DFO whose stability was comparable to that of the Fe(III)-DFO complex, while Eu(III) formed a weaker one. DFO in a growth medium was not degraded byP. fluorescens. Contact ofP. fluorescenscells with the Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-DFO complexes at pH 4-9 revealed that there was negligible adsorption of Hf(IV) and Fe(III), whereas Eu(III) was dissociated from DFO and was readily adsorbed by the cells. These results suggest that Fe(III) and Hf(IV) form stable complexes with DFO and are not adsorbed byP. fluorescenscells. Europium(III) forms a weaker complex with DFO than Fe(III) and Hf(IV) do and its DFO complex is readily dissociated in the presence of the cells.
Redistribution of U, Pb and REE in association with alteration of uranium minerals from the Koongarra deposit, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Horie Kenji , Hidaka Hiroshi 
Published: December 2004

Summary
In order to investigate migration behavior of REE in uranium matrix by alteration, and to understand a chronological history of the alteration processes, in-situ isotopic analysis of U, Pb and REE by using a Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) was applied to the Koongarra uranium deposit sample (Northern Territory, Australia) which contains uraninite and two kinds of secondary uranium minerals (curite and sklodowskite). Highly discordant U-Pb data from all of the uranium minerals suggest that the secondary uranium minerals were formed by sequential alteration of primary uraninite 50-580 Ma ago, and subsequently affected by recent weathering. The difference of REE abundance patterns between primary uraninite and secondary uranium minerals show geochemical evidence of REE redistribution during the secondary mineralization by the interaction of primary ore body with meteoric water.
Coupled transport/reaction modelling of copper canister corrosion aided by microbial processes
Authors: Liu Jinsong , Neretnieks Ivars 
Published: December 2004

Summary
Copper canister corrosion is an important issue in the concept of a nuclear fuel repository. Previous studies indicate that the oxygen-free copper canister could hold its integrity for more than 100000 years in the repository environment.
Microbial processes may reduce sulphate to sulphide and considerably increase the amount of sulphide available for corrosion. In this paper, a coupled transport/reaction model is developed to account for the transport of chemical species produced by microbial processes. The corroding agents like sulphide would come not only from the intruding groundwater, but also from the reduction of sulphate near the canister. The reaction of sulphate-reducing bacteria and the transport of sulphide in the bentonite buffer is included in the model. The local depth of copper canister corrosion is calculated by the model.
The Influence of Cation and Vacancy Distributions on the Ionic Conductivity of Acceptor Doped Oxygen Ion Conductors
Authors: Martin Manfred 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
We present a simple model for the ionic conductivity of an acceptor doped oxygen ion conductor, (A1−

x

BB
x

B)O2−

x

B/2, which can be applied to yttria doped zirconia (YSZ). The model considers repulsive interaction between the dopant cations and interactions between oxygen vacancies and dopant cations, which may be zero, attractive or repulsive. For simplicity, we consider a two-dimensional triangular lattice, where the oxygen ions occupy triangles formed by the cations. At first we calculate the fractions of B-clusters consisting of B-pairs, B-triplets and B-quartets and then the fractions of AAA-, AAB-, ABB- and BBB-triangles. The vacancies are distributed to the triangles using quasi-chemical reactions for the exchange between the different sites. The resulting vacancy distribution is used in a simplified model for the oxygen ion conductivity which considers jump rates between different oxygen sites that depend on their local neighbourhood and the nature of the cation–cation edge which has to be crossed during a jump. Strongly reduced jump rates through A–B and B–B edges are necessary to obtain a maximum of the conductivity as a function of the dopant fraction. The most beneficial effect of the acceptor dopant is obtained for repulsive interaction between vacancies and dopant ions, such as Y, Gd or Sm, which are known to cause high oxygen ion conductivities. For dopants with attractive V–B interaction our model predicts only small oxygen ion conductivities.
Hair in African Art and Culture
Authors: Miller Thomas R. 
Published: December 2004

Hair in African Art and Culture. The Museum for African Art, New York, February 9–May 28, 2000 (review venue); Apex Museum, Atlanta, July–September 2000; Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, October–December 2000; Museum of African American History, Detroit, January–April 2001; California African American Museum, Los Angeles, May–August 2001.Hair in African Art and Culture. Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman. eds. New York: The Museum for African Art; Munich, London, New York: Prestel, 2000. 192 pp.
The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear
Authors: Low Setha M. 
Published: December 2004

Across America, middle‐class and upper‐middle‐class gated communities are creating new forms of exclusion and residential segregation, exacerbating social cleavages that already exist (Blakely and Snyder 1997; Higley 1995; Lang and Danielson 1997; Marcuse 1997). While historically secured and gated communities were built in the United States to protect estates and to contain the leisure world of retirees, these urban and suburban developments now target a much broader market, including families with children (Guterson 1992; Lofland 1998). This retreat to secured enclaves with walls, gates, and guards materially and symbolically contradicts American ethos and values, threatens public access to open space, and creates yet another barrier to social interaction, building of social networks, as well as increased tolerance of diverse cultural/ racial/social groups (Davis 1992;Devine 1996;Etzoni 1995; Judd 1995; McKenzie 1994).In this paper, I explore how the discourse of fear of violence and crime and the search for a secure community by those who live in gated communities in the United States legitimates and rationalizes class‐based exclusion strategies and residential segregation. I examine whether residents of cities experiencing increasing cultural diversity are fleeing neighborhoods because they have experienced a "loss of place" and therefore feel unsafe and insecure (Altaian and Low 1992). Some people are responding to this loss by choosing to buy into a defensive space, a walled and guarded community that they can call home, [gated communities, United States, urban fear]
The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan: The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom: Río Azul: An Ancient Maya City
Authors: Ford Anabel 
Published: December 2004

The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan. Don E. Dumond. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.571pp.The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Grant D. Jones. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.568 pp.Río Azul: An Ancient Maya City. Richard E. W. Adams. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. 238 pp.
Representations of Blackness and the Performance of Identities; Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America
Authors: Carnegie Charles V. 
Published: December 2004

Representations of Blackness and the Performance of Identities. Jean Muteba Rahier. ed. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1999.264 pp.Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America. Grey Gundaker. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.291 pp.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Slow Versus Rapid Feeding Volume Advancement in Preterm Infants
Authors: Caple Judith , Armentrout Debra , Huseby Valerie , Halbardier Brenda , Garcia Jose , Sparks John W. , Moya Fernando R. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives. To determine whether infants who are fed initially and advanced at 30 mL/kg per day (intervention) take fewer days to get to full feedings than those who are fed initially and advanced at 20 mL/kg per day (control), without increasing their incidence of feeding complications and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We also examined whether these infants regain birth weight earlier, have fewer days of intravenous fluids, and a have shorter hospital stay.
Methods. A randomized, controlled, single-center trial was conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a community-based county hospital in Houston, Texas. Infants between 1000 and 2000 g at birth, gestational age ≤35 weeks, and weight appropriate for gestational age were allocated randomly to feedings of expressed human milk or Enfamil formula starting and advanced at either 30 mL/kg per day or 20 mL/kg per day. Infants remained in the study until discharge or development of stage ≥IIA NEC.
Results. A total of 155 infants were enrolled: 72 infants in the intervention group and 83 in the control group. Infants in the intervention group achieved full-volume feedings sooner (7 vs 10 days, median), regained birth weight faster (11 vs 13 days, median), and had fewer days of intravenous fluids (6 vs 8 days, median). Three infants in the intervention group and 2 control infants developed NEC for an overall incidence of 3.2% (relative risk: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.30–10.06).
Conclusion. Among infants between 1000 and 2000 g at birth, starting and advancing feedings at 30 mL/kg per day seems to be a safe practice and results in fewer days to reach full-volume feedings than using 20 mL/kg per day. This intervention also leads to faster weight gain and fewer days of intravenous fluids.
Redox Control on the Isotopic Composition of Dissolved Sulfate in Percolating Sewage — An Experimental Study
Authors: Stögbauer Andrea , Berner Zsolt , Stüben Doris 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe risk potential of sewage exfiltrating from leaky sewers for the groundwater depends on a series of physico‐chemical, geochemical, and microbial processes, which are all linked in some way to the redox state of the system. Since bacterial sulfate reduction is a decisive transformation process under anaerobic conditions and is known to cause isotope fractionations, changes in the S‐isotope composition of sulfate may be used to characterise the redox state in sediments affected by percolating sewage. To investigate changes in sewage composition as a function of the redox state, column experiments were performed, simulating the infiltration of sewage into a water unsaturated sandy soil. Results show that long‐term observations on concentration and δ34S‐values of sulfate in the outflow of the columns may provide valuable information on the evolution and stability of the redox states established during different operation modes of the columns. Stable anaerobic conditions are reflected by constantly low sulfate concentrations and high δ34S‐values in the outflow. However, redox conditions may be often variable, due to changes in the composition of the sewage, in its rate of percolation and in preferential flow paths. Such conditions are expressed by fluctuating δ34S‐values in the outflow, because in such cases sulfate represents a mixture of varying proportions of sulfate of different origin, including δ34S‐enriched residual sulfate from bacterial sulfate reduction, 32S‐enriched sulfate from reoxidised sulfide, and unchanged sulfate from sewage.
Transformation of Wastewater‐derived Dissolved Organic Matter below Leaky Sewers — Fate of Amino Acids and Carbohydrates
Authors: Brinkmann Thomas , Abbt‐Braun Gudrun , Karle Elly , Hesse Sebastian , Lungar Nicoleta , Frimmel Fritz H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDue to defects in sewerage systems, wastewater might contaminate groundwater. The aim of the study was to analyse the removal efficiency of organic matter from wastewater after trickling through columns filled with sand. Size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled to on‐line UV, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and dissolved nitrogen (DN) detection as well as the analysis of amino acids (AA) and carbohydrates (CH) were employed as analytical tools to investigate structural changes of the dissolved organic matter (DOM). The DOC removal in the columns accounted for about 80 % based on the DOC concentration of the influent. The chromatograms gained by DOC detection showed three fractions: 1) colloids and polysaccharides, 2) humic material, and 3) low‐molecular‐weight compounds. The DOM present in fractions 1 and 3 was removed to a much higher extent (95 %, 90 %) than the DOM in fraction 2 (54 %) indicating ongoing humification processes. At the same time, highly bioavailable organic N compounds were lost, whereas N fractions bound to humic material remained. AA and CH belonged to the bioavailable fraction of the DOM. Despite the considerable variations of the ratios of AA and CH carbon to the DOC, a fairly constant pattern of the relative concentrations of the compounds was found. After acid hydrolysis of the column inflows, the AA pattern was dominated by glycine, alanine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid, and the CH pattern by glucose. The relatively high concentrations of rhamnose and fucose in comparison to arabinose and xylose showed the strong microbial influence on the DOM composition.
Comparison of renal allograft fibrosis after transplantation from heart-beating and non-heart-beating donors
Authors: Bains J C , Sandford R M , Brook N R , Hosgood S A , Lewis G R R , Nicholson M L 
Published: December 2004

Abstract

Background
Renal transplants from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) yield acceptable function and allograft survival rates in the medium term. However, the long-term results are less certain and there is a paucity of information relating to the development of chronic allograft nephropathy. The aim of this study was to compare allograft fibrosis in kidneys transplanted from NHBDs and conventional heart-beating donors (HBDs).

Methods
A series of 37 NHBD and 75 HBD renal transplants were studied. Protocol renal transplant biopsies were performed at 6 and 12 months after transplantation. Biopsy sections were stained with Sirius red to demonstrate interstitial extracellular matrix. Renal allograft fibrosis was quantified using a computerized image analysis system.

Results
The mean first warm ischaemia time for kidneys from NHBDs was 24 min. A significant delay in graft function occurred in eight of 75 recipients in the HBD group and 31 of 37 in the NHBD group (P &lt; 0·001). There were no significant differences in the level of allograft fibrosis between the two groups at any time point.

Conclusion
Despite high rates of delayed graft function secondary to a prolonged warm ischaemia time, NHBD kidneys do not appear to be more susceptible to the development of renal allograft fibrosis. This study supports the growing body of evidence that kidneys from NHBDs are an acceptable alternative to those from HBDs.
Diminished expression of CD19 in B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Yang Wei , Agrawal Neeta , Patel Jigar , Edinger Alison , Osei Ebenezer , Thut Dawn , Powers Jennifer , Meyerson Howard 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackgroundCD19 is expressed on most B‐cell lymphomas; however, the frequency and types of B‐cell lymphomas with low‐level expression of CD19 are not well characterized.MethodsWe reviewed flow cytometric histograms specifically for decreased CD19 expression on 349 cases analyzed by the Flow Cytometry Laboratory at University Hospitals of Cleveland (Cleveland, Ohio). Results of flow cytometry were correlated with the morphologic diagnosis.ResultsOf the cases reviewed, 125 (36%) showed a visible decrease in CD19 expression compared with normal B lymphocytes. Decreased CD19 expression was noted in 79% of follicular lymphomas (27 of 34), 36% of small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemias (82 of 228), 31% of mantle cell lymphomas (4 of 13), 24% of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (8 of 33), and 13% of marginal zone B‐cell lymphomas/lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (4 of 30) and was not observed in any Burkitt lymphoma (0 of 5) or hairy cell leukemia (0 of 6). Decreased CD19 expression was significantly more frequent in follicular lymphomas than in other lymphoma subtypes (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of decreased CD19 expression based on histologic grade of follicular lymphoma.ConclusionsDiminished expression of CD19 expression occurs frequently in B‐cell lymphomas, in particular follicular lymphoma, and may be helpful in identifying B‐cell lymphoma cells in complex cell mixtures such as bone marrow specimens. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.