bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary randomized trial of reinforcement contingencies to improve compliance with ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Gass Julie C , Tonkin Sarah , Maguin Eugene , Colder Craig R , Mahoney Martin C , Tiffany Stephen T , Hawk Larry W 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods are increasingly used by translational scientists to study real-world behavior and experience. The ability to draw meaningful conclusions from EMA research depends upon participant compliance with assessment completion. Most EMA studies provide financial compensation for compliance, but little empirical evidence addresses the impact of reinforcement parameters on the level of compliance. The purpose of this study-within-a-trial was to determine the effects of varying the amount and frequency of reinforcement on EMA compliance in a clinical sample of individuals seeking treatment for cigarette smoking. In the parent clinical trial, participants were asked to complete 9 weeks of EMA (1 daily Morning Assessment and 4 daily Random Assessments). Following a 5-week Standard Payment phase for EMA compliance, 61 individuals seeking treatment for cigarette smoking enrolled in the larger clinical trial were randomized to receive Standard ($1 per assessment, paid biweekly), Frequent ($1 per assessment, paid 3 times per week), or Large ($2 per assessment, paid biweekly) payments for EMA compliance during a 4-week Payment Manipulation Phase. Overall, receiving Frequent or Large payments did not improve EMA compliance compared to Standard payments, Ps &gt; .30. Varying frequency and amount of remuneration for EMA compliance did not generally improve compliance in an ongoing clinical trial, raising further questions about the importance of reinforcement parameters in promoting EMA compliance.
Treatment of interspinous pain with extracorporeal shockwave therapy: a case report
Authors: Leupold Olivia , Cheng Jennifer , Barcavage Christine , Press Joel , Wyss James 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interspinous region is an atypical source of low back pain (LBP), and it can often be difficult to identify. There are many structural components in the interspinous region that can contribute to interspinous pain, including the interspinous ligament (ISL) which plays a role in providing stabilization to the spine. Successful treatments of interspinous pain have not been well characterized in the literature. This case presents the first documentation of the use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) as a non-invasive treatment for refractory interspinous-related LBP. ESWT has previously been shown to facilitate regeneration and tissue healing in tendons and ligaments, but has not previously been used to treat interspinous pain. A 24-year-old former collegiate softball player presented with 5 months of LBP; the ISL was clinically suspected as a pain generator, and this was confirmed via an ultrasound-guided injection. She underwent a course of physical therapy that improved function but did not improve pain, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs only provided minimal and temporary relief. Three consecutive ESWT treatment sessions provided 90% improvement in pain and function, and she was able to return to exercise and recreational sports. At >6 months post-ESWT treatment, she reported no recurrences or functional limitations.
Superficial vein thrombosis following intra-articular particulate steroid injection for knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Sammartino Francesco , Dean Steven M. , Baria Michael R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Intra-articular (IA)steroid injections for knee osteoarthritis (OA) are a routine procedure in musculoskeletal clinics. While their role in OA care is debatable, they serve as an important therapeutic option to relieve OA-associated pain. Potential risks are self-limited (increased pain flare, local skin irritation, flushing, insomnia) or severe (septic arthritis, intravascular medication placement, and the deleterious effect on cartilage and bone). In our experience, more serious adverse events are rare. In this case, we present a complication secondary to IA steroid administration that has not previously been reported in the literature: superficial vein thrombosis. This will raise awareness among clinicians, improve the informed consent process, and provide an approach for the management of subsequent injections.
Asymptotically exact fit for linear mixed model
Authors: Guan Yongtao , Levy Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe linear mixed model (LMM) has become a standard in genetic association studies to account for population stratification and relatedness in the samples to reduce false positives. Much recent progresses in LMM focused on approximate computations. Exact methods remained computationally demanding and without theoretical assurance. The computation is particularly challenging for multiomics studies where tens of thousands of phenotypes are tested for association with millions of genetic markers. We present IDUL and IDUL†that use iterative dispersion updates to fit LMMs, where IDUL†is a modified version of IDUL that guarantees likelihood increase between updates. Practically, IDUL and IDUL†produced identical results, both are markedly more efficient than the state-of-the-art Newton-Raphson method, and in particular, both are highly efficient for additional phenotypes, making them ideal to study genetic determinants of multiomics phenotypes. Theoretically, the LMM like-lihood is asymptotically uni-modal, and therefore the gradient ascent algorithm IDUL†is an asymptotically exact method. A software package implementing IDUL and IDUL†for genetic association studies is freely available athttps://github.com/haplotype/IDUL.
Insights in neuronal tuning: Navigating the statistical challenges of autocorrelation and missing variables
Authors: Nevjen Fredrik , Dunn Benjamin Adric 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent advances in neuroscience have improved our ability to investigate neural activity by making it possible to measure vast amounts of neurons and behavioral variables, and explore the underlying mechanisms that connect them. However, comprehensively understanding neuronal tuning poses challenges due to statistical issues such as temporal autocorrelation and missing variables, as neurons are likely driven in part by unknown factors. The field consequently needs a systematic approach to address these challenges. This study compares various methods for covariate selection using both simulated data and calcium data from the medial entorhinal cortex. We conclude that a combination of cross-validation and a cyclical shift permutation test yields higher test power than other evaluated methods while maintaining proper error rate control, albeit at a higher computational cost. This research sheds light on the quest for a systematic understanding of neuronal tuning and provides insight into covariate selection in the presence of statistical complexities.
Real-Time Computation of Brain E-Field for Enhanced Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Neuronavigation and Optimization
Authors: Hasan Nahian I. , Dannhauer Moritz , Wang Dezhi , Deng Zhi-De , Gomez Luis J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) coil placement and pulse wave-form current are often chosen to achieve a specified E-field dose on targeted brain regions. TMS neuronavigation could be improved by including real-time accurate distributions of the E-field dose on the cortex. We introduce a method and develop software for computing brain E-field distributions in real-time enabling easy integration into neuronavigation and with the same accuracy as 1st-order finite element method (FEM) solvers. Initially, a spanning basis set (< 400) of E-fields generated by white noise magnetic currents on a surface separating the head and permissible coil placements are orthogonalized to generate the modes. Subsequently, Reciprocity and Huygens’ principles are utilized to compute fields induced by the modes on a surface separating the head and coil by FEM, which are used in conjunction with online (real-time) computed primary fields on the separating surface to evaluate the mode expansion. We conducted a comparative analysis of E-fields computed by FEM and in real-time for eight subjects, utilizing two head model types (SimNIBS’s ‘headreco’ and ‘mri2mesh’ pipeline), three coil types (circular, double-cone, and Figure-8), and 1000 coil placements (48,000 simulations). The real-time computation for any coil placement is within 4 milliseconds (ms), for 400 modes, and requires less than 4 GB of memory on a GPU. Our solver is capable of computing E-fields within 4 ms, making it a practical approach for integrating E-field information into the neuronavigation systems without imposing a significant overhead on frame generation (20 and 50 frames per second within 50 and 20 ms, respectively).
Reorganization of Structural Connectivity in the Brain Supports Preservation of Cognitive Ability in Healthy Aging
Authors: Neudorf Josh , Shen Kelly , McIntosh Anthony R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global population is aging rapidly, and a research question of critical importance is why some older adults suffer tremendous cognitive decline while others are mostly spared. Past aging research has shown that older adults with spared cognitive ability have better local short-range information processing while global long-range processing is less efficient. We took this research a step further to investigate whether the underlying structural connections, measured in vivo using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI), show a similar shift to support cognitive ability. We analyzed the structural connectivity streamline probability (representing the probability of connection between regions) and nodal efficiency and local efficiency regional graph theory metrics to determine if age and cognitive ability are related to structural network differences. We found that the relationship between structural connectivity and cognitive ability with age was nuanced, with some differences with age that were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, but other reorganizations that were associated with spared cognitive ability. These positive changes included strengthened local intrahemispheric connectivity and increased nodal efficiency of the ventral occipital-temporal stream, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus for older adults, and widespread local efficiency primarily for middle-aged individuals.Author SummaryWe utilized network neuroscience methods to investigate why some older adults suffer tremendous cognitive decline while others are mostly spared. Past functional research found that older adults with spared cognitive ability have better local short-range information processing while global long-range processing is less efficient. We took this research a step further to investigate whether structural connectivity reorganizes to preserve cognitive ability. We analyzed age and fluid intelligence as a function of structural connectivity and regional graph theory measures using partial least squares. Some differences with age were associated with poorer cognitive outcomes, but other reorganizations spared cognitive ability. Beneficial reorganizations included strengthened local intrahemispheric connectivity and increased nodal efficiency of focal regions for older adults, as well as widespread increased local efficiency for middle-aged individuals.
Nature and location of modifier alleles determine the resolution of intralocus sexual conflict
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Jain Koyna , Geeta Arun Manas , Prasad N G 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen selection favours different levels of expression for a shared trait in males and females, the population is said to be in Intralocus Sexual Conflict (IaSC). In a landmark study, Connallon and Clark (2010) showed that modifiers (alleles at a different locus that alter the expression of the trait under IaSC in a sex-specific manner), effectively resolve IaSC. Their model assumed that modifier alleles are “perfect”; i.e., they fully rescue the harmful effects of the deleterious allele while leaving the positive effects of the beneficial allele unaffected. In the present study, we relaxed this assumption to include more realistic “imperfect” modifier alleles. Imperfect modifiers are those that reduce the expressions ofbothdetrimental allele and beneficial allele to different extents in a given sex. We also ask whether autosomes or X chromosomes are more conducive to resolution of IaSC. Our results suggest that the resolution of IaSC may not always be guaranteed when the modifier allele is “imperfect.” Interestingly, IaSC gets resolved more easily on autosomes only when modifier alleles are “perfect” or near “perfect” in concordance with the assumption made by Connallon and Clark (2010). However, in general, X chromosomes are more conducive to the resolution of IaSC.
Pan-cancer profiling of tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells through transcriptional reference mapping
Authors: Netskar Herman , Pfefferle Aline , Goodridge Jodie P , Sohlberg Ebba , Dufva Olli , Teichmann Sara A , Clancy Trevor , Horowitz Amir , Malmberg Karl-Johan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe functional diversity of natural killer (NK) cell repertoires stems from differentiation, homeostatic receptor-ligand interactions, and adaptive-like responses to viral infections. Here, we generated a single-cell transcriptional reference map of healthy human blood and tissue-derived NK cells, with temporal resolution and fate-specific expression of gene regulator networks defining NK cell differentiation. Using transfer learning, transcriptomes of tumor-infiltrating NK cells from seven solid tumor types (427 patients), combined from 39 datasets, were incorporated into the reference map and interrogated for tumor microenvironment (TME)-induced perturbations. We identified six functionally distinct NK cellular states in healthy and malignant tissues, two of which were commonly enriched for across tumor types: a dysfunctional ‘stressed’ CD56brightstate susceptible to TME-induced immunosuppression and a cytotoxic TME-resistant ‘effector’ CD56dimstate. The ratio of ‘stressed’ CD56brightand ‘effector’ CD56dimwas predictive of patient outcome in malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma. This resource may inform the design of novel NK cell therapies and can be extended endlessly through transfer learning to interrogate new datasets from experimental perturbations or disease conditions.
Distinguishing between- from within-site phase-amplitude coupling using antisymmetrized bispectra
Authors: Pellegrini Franziska , Nguyen Tien Dung , Herrera Taliana , Nikulin Vadim , Nolte Guido , Haufe Stefan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhase-amplitude coupling (PAC) is a form of cross-frequency coupling in which the amplitude of a fast oscillation is locked to the phase of a slow oscillation. PAC has been proposed as a mechanism for integrating slow large-scale networks with fast-oscillating local processes in the brain. On a signal level, PAC can be observed in single time series, reflecting local dynamics, or between two time series, potentially reflecting a functional interaction between distinct brain sites. To investigate the role of PAC as a mechanism of brain signalling, it is important to distinguish these two cases. However, when mixtures of underlying signals are observed, between-site PAC can spuriously emerge even if the true interaction is only local (within-site). This problem arises in electrophysiological recordings where mixing occurs due to volume conduction or the presence of a shared electrical reference. To address this problem, we propose to estimate PAC using the anti-symmetrized bispectrum (ASB-PAC). It has previously been shown that the cross-bispectrum can be used to measure PAC while efficiently sup-pressing Gaussian noise, and that the anti-symmetrized bispectra vanish for mixtures of independent sources. However, ASB-PAC has so far not been used to assess the presence of genuine between-site PAC. Using simulations, we here investigate the performance of different algorithms to detect PAC in a mixed signal setting as well as the performance of the same methods to distinguish genuine between-site PAC from within-site PAC. This is done in a minimal two-channel setup as well as in a more complex setting that assesses PAC on reconstructions of simulated EEG sources. We observe that bispectral PAC methods are considerably better at detecting simulated PAC in the volume conduction setting than three conventional PAC estimators. ASB-PAC achieves the highest performance in detecting genuine between-site PAC interactions while detecting the fewest spurious interactions. Using the ASB-PAC could therefore greatly facilitate the interpretation of future PAC studies when discriminating local from remote effects.We demonstrate the application of ASB-PAC on EEG data from a motor imagery experiment. Additionally, we present an upgraded version of the free ROIconnect plugin for the EEGLAB toolbox, which includes PAC and ASB-PAC metriscs based on bispectra.
Two-years mothering into the pandemic: Impact of the three COVID-19 waves in the Argentinian postpartum women’s mental health
Authors: Miranda Agustín Ramiro , Scotta Ana Veronica , Cortez Mariela Valentina , Soria Elio Andrés 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affects certain vulnerable groups, including postpartum women. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the mental health evolution in Argentinian postpartum women during the first three waves of COVID-19 and its determinants. In this repeated cross-sectional study, data were collected during the three waves of COVID-19: May-July/2020 (n=319), April-August/2021 (n=340), and December/2021-March/2022 (n=341). Postpartum depression (PDSS-SF), insomnia (ISI), and perceived stress symptoms (PSS-C) were used. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression, analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling to test for temporal trends in mental health indicators during the pandemic and to identify their determinants. The prevalence rates of postpartum depression and insomnia rose from 37% to 60% and 46% to 62%, respectively. In contrast, pandemic-related stress decreased. Certain factors increased maternal risk of mental symptoms: unemployment status, no medical support, reduced family size, remote working, advanced maternal age, late postpartum, multiparity, and living in the least developed region of Argentina. Structural equation modeling confirmed a process of pandemic-stress adaptation, although there is a persistent increment of postpartum depression and consequent increased insomnia. Postpartum women’s mental health was worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although women have become more able to cope and perceive less pandemic-related stress, its social and economic impact still persists and puts them at higher psychological risk. Thus, health systems must ensure the women’s well-being to deal with current and future consequences of this epidemiological scenario.
A global survey of small RNA interactors identifies KhpA and KhpB as major RNA-binding proteins inFusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Zhu Yan , Ponath Falk , Cosi Valentina , Vogel Jörg 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe common oral microbeFusobacterium nucleatumhas recently drawn attention after it was found to colonize tumors throughout the human body. Fusobacteria are also interesting study systems for bacterial RNA biology as these early-branching species encode many small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) but lack homologs of the common RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) CsrA, Hfq and ProQ. To search for alternate sRNA-associated RBPs inF. nucleatum, we performed a systematic mass spectrometry analysis of proteins that co-purified with 19 different sRNAs. This approach revealed strong enrichment of the KH domain proteins KhpA and KhpB with nearly all tested sRNAs, including the σE-dependent sRNA FoxI, a regulator of several envelope proteins. KhpA/B act as a dimer to bind sRNAs with low micromolar affinity and influence the stability of several of their target transcripts. Transcriptome studies combined with biochemical and genetic analyses suggest that KhpA/B have several physiological functions, including being required for ethanolamine utilization. Our RBP search and the discovery of KhpA and KhpB as major RBPs inF. nucleatumare important first steps in identifying key players of post-transcriptional control at the root of the bacterial phylogenetic tree.
Effect of high-dose glucocorticoids on persistent opioid use 3 to 12 months after primary total hip or knee arthroplasty. Protocol for a target trial emulation using observational data from Danish registries
Authors: Laigaard Jens , Christensen Robin , Varnum Claus , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Haxholdt Lunn Troels , Mathiesen Ole , Overgaard Søren 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersistent postsurgical pain and opioid use after primary total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA) have major consequences for the patient and for society. High-dose perioperative treatment with glucocorticoids reduces inflammation and acute pain, both of which are associated with persistent postsurgical pain. We therefore hypothesise that routine treatment with glucocorticoids reduces the number of patients with persistent opioid use.ObjectiveTo determine if perioperative glucocorticoids for primary THA or TKA surgery, relative to no glucocorticoids, decreases the number of patients taking opioids in the period from 3 to 12 months after surgery.DesignTarget trial emulation trial with data from Danish national registries.SettingAll departments of orthopaedic surgery in Denmark, from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2020.ParticipantsPatients with primary osteoarthritis undergoing primary THA or TKA, excluding presurgical users of glucocorticoids or insulin because these patients do not always receive the intervention.InterventionA single high-dose glucocorticoids (≥125 mg methylprednisolone or ≥24 mg dexamethasone) after induction of anaesthesia.ComparatorNo glucocorticoids during surgery.AllocationPatients operated at departments where treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids was standard of care at the time of surgery constitute the treatment arm, while patients operated at departments where high-dose glucocorticoids was not used serve as controls. Thus, all patients will be analysed according to their ‘allocation’, regardless of whether they received the treatment or not.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome is number of persistent opioid users, defined as patients who redeem a prescription within at least two of the last three quarters during the first postsurgical year. The primary safety outcome is number of days alive and out of hospital within 90 days after surgery.ExpectationsThese results will provide important evidence for or against the use of perioperative glucocorticoids in total hip and knee arthroplasty.