bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Dietary Oils, Cholesterol and Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation on Liver Microsomal Fluidity and Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Rats
Authors: Lutz M. , Bonilla S. , Concha J. , Alvarado J. , Barraza P. 
Published: April 2003

This study was undertaken to compare the effects of four oils: corn (C), olive (O), hazelnut (H) or fish (F), and the intake of two supplements: cholesterol, 1% (Ch) or <i>dl</i>-α-tocopherol acetate, 500 mg/kg, and β-carotene, 30 mg/kg (V), on liver microsomal fluidity, cyt P450 content and aniline hydroxylase (AH), aminopyrine-N-dimethylase (AND) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UDP-GT) activities. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6/group) were fed semipurified diets containing 15% oil, without or with Ch or V, for 20 days. Dietary intake and feed efficiency were lower in rats fed F. Relative liver weight was higher in animals fed F, similar in O and H, and lower in the group fed C. The intake of V increased feed intake in C+V group and decreased the relative liver weight of F+V group, which also decreased with the intake of F+Ch. Ch intake increased the relative liver weight in all groups consuming vegetable oils. Cyt P450 content was higher in rats fed F. Decreased cyt P450 content was observed in C+Ch and F+Ch groups, while it augmented in H+Ch group. Mixture V increased cyt P450 in rats fed C+V, F+V and O+V. The highest membrane fluidity was observed in rats fed F. Fluidity was also higher in group H versus O or C. The intake of Ch decreased microsomal fluidity in all groups, while V induced an increase in microsomal fluidity in group O+V. Rats fed F exhibited higher enzyme activities. AND activity increased with V only in rats fed H+V, while AH activity increased with V intake in groups F+V and O+V. In the C+V group, fluidity was not affected by V, while the cyt P450 content and UDP-GT activity increased. The O+V group exhibited lower UDP-GT activity and higher fluidity and cyt P450 content. The activity of AH decreased in groups F+Ch and C+Ch. UDP-GT activity was higher in rats fed F. It diminished after the intake of Ch in H+Ch and F+Ch. These results indicate that although AH and AND act in the same microsomal metabolic pathway, their localization into the membrane may be determinant of their activity and the response to dietary lipids. It is shown that F intake exerts the most significant effects upon liver microsomal properties, e.g. higher fluidity, cyt P450 content and enzymatic activities, an effect that prevails over the intake of the supplements tested.
Consumption of Oat Milk for 5 Weeks Lowers Serum Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol in Free-Living Men with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Önning Gunilla , Wallmark Anders , Persson Margaretha , Åkesson Björn , Elmståhl Sölve , Öste Rickard 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of a newly developed oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber would result in lower serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. The study had a randomized, controlled double-blind design, and oat milk was compared with an identically flavored control drink. Sixty-six men were recruited from a screening program and were randomly assigned to two groups. Each group took either oat milk or a control drink (rice milk) for 5 weeks (0.75 liters/day) and then switched to the other drink regimen for another 5-week period with a 5-week washout period between the test periods. The oat milk contained more dietary fiber, especially β-glucan (0.5 g/100 g), than the control drink (<0.02 g/100 g). Both drinks were well appreciated and got similar sensory evaluation, indicating that the double-blind design had been attained. In the final analysis 52 subjects remained. Compared with the control drink, intake of oat milk resulted in significantly lower serum total cholesterol (6%, p = 0.005) and LDL cholesterol (6%, p = 0.036) levels. The decrease in LDL cholesterol was more pronounced if the starting value was higher (r = –0.55, p < 0.001). The concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not significantly different after consumption of the two drinks. Serum triglycerides did not change significantly after intake of oat milk, but a significant increase was observed after intake of the control drink (p = 0.003). It is concluded that also oat milk deprived of insoluble fiber has cholesterol-reducing properties.
Addition of Inulin to Breakfast Does Not Acutely Affect Serum Ionized Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone Concentrations
Authors: Teuri Ulla , Kärkkäinen Merja , Lamberg-Allardt Christel , Korpela Riitta 
Published: April 2003

<i>Background/Aims:</i> The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of inulin on calcium metabolism. The study consisted of two separate parts both of which had a randomized two-period cross-over design. <i>Methods:</i> Fifteen young healthy women volunteered to participate in this study. During the first part of the study, cheese containing 210 mg of calcium, either with 15 g of inulin or without any inulin, was ingested at breakfast, and in the second part, 210 mg of calcium as a supplement, either with 15 g inulin or without inulin, was ingested. The whole day’s diet was standardized. Before breakfast, and 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after breakfast, a blood sample was taken, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), ionized calcium (iCa) and total calcium were measured. Urine was collected throughout the day, and the 8-, 12- and 24-hour calcium excretion was calculated. <i>Results:</i> The iPTH or iCa concentration curves (AUCs) did not differ over 8 h, whether or not inulin was consumed at breakfast. The postload urinary calcium excretion was not affected by the inulin. <i>Conclusion:</i> Fifteen grams of inulin in fresh cheese or with a calcium supplement (210 mg Ca) taken at breakfast does not acutely affect the markers of calcium metabolism as opposed to a corresponding breakfast without inulin.
Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet, Increased Protein Intake and Resistance Training on Lean Mass Gains and Fat Mass Loss in Overweight Police Officers
Authors: Demling Robert H. , DeSanti Leslie 
Published: April 2003

We compare the effects of a moderate hypocaloric, high-protein diet and resistance training, using two different protein supplements, versus hypocaloric diet alone on body compositional changes in overweight police officers. A randomized, prospective 12-week study was performed comparing the changes in body composition produced by three different treatment modalities in three study groups. One group (n = 10) was placed on a nonlipogenic, hypocaloric diet alone (80% of predicted needs). A second group (n = 14) was placed on the hypocaloric diet plus resistance exercise plus a high-protein intake (1.5 g/kg/day) using a casein protein hydrolysate. In the third group (n = 14) treatment was identical to the second, except for the use of a whey protein hydrolysate. We found that weight loss was approximately 2.5 kg in all three groups. Mean percent body fat with diet alone decreased from a baseline of 27 ± 1.8 to 25 ± 1.3% at 12 weeks. With diet, exercise and casein the decrease was from 26 ± 1.7 to 18 ± 1.1% and with diet, exercise and whey protein the decrease was from 27 ± 1.6 to 23 ± 1.3%. The mean fat loss was 2.5 ± 0.6, 7.0 ± 2.1 and 4.2 ± 0.9 kg in the three groups, respectively. Lean mass gains in the three groups did not change for diet alone, versus gains of 4 ± 1.4 and 2 ± 0.7 kg in the casein and whey groups, respectively. Mean increase in strength for chest, shoulder and legs was 59 ± 9% for casein and 29 ± 9% for whey, a significant group difference. This significant difference in body composition and strength is likely due to improved nitrogen retention and overall anticatabolic effects caused by the peptide components of the casein hydrolysate.
Oxidative Modification of Low-Density Lipoprotein Enhances Mesangial Cell Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Authors: Roh Daeyoung D. , Kamanna Vaijinath S. , Kirschenbaum Michael A. 
Published: April 2003

The proliferation of intrinsic glomerular cells and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins are principal histopathological features seen in glomerular injury. Because of the marked similarity between the cellular and molecular events that occur in both atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis and the commonly accepted hypothesis that lipoproteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis, we examined the effect of three atherogenic lipoproteins, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized (ox)-LDL, and minimally modified (mm)-LDL on the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by mesangial cells. The incubation of SV-40 transformed murine mesangial cells with LDL (25–100 µg/ml) increased the synthesis and secretion of both fibronectin and laminin in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, oxidized forms of LDL (25–100 µg/ml) increased fibronectin and laminin synthesis and secretion dose dependently. However, both oxidatively modified forms of LDL had a greater effect on increasing ECM protein synthesis than their native counterpart. Northern blot analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in mRNA transcripts for fibronectin and laminin in response to the incubation of mesangial cells with LDL, ox-LDL, and mm-LDL. Similar to the ECM protein expression data, the oxidatively modified forms of LDL had more pronounced effects on the gene expression of both fibronectin and laminin. These data show that both LDL and, perhaps more importantly, its oxidatively modified forms stimulate mesangial cells to upregulate both the gene expression and synthesis and secretion of ECM proteins, supporting a role for atherogenic lipoproteins in the pathobiology of glomerular injury.
Study of Effect of Optimization of Dialysis and Protein Intake on Neuromuscular Function in Patients under Maintenance Hemodialysis Treatment
Authors: Sobh Mohamed A. , Sheashaa Hussein , El Haleem Tantawy Abd , Ghoneim Mohamed A. 
Published: April 2003

This study was carried out on 22 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Among them, 20 patients were males and 2 were females, their age ranged from 12 to 50 years. Initially, the patients were assessed clinically and by laboratory investigations and their dialysis was assessed by studying their urea kinetic modeling following the nomographic approach for calculating their Kt/V values. Their nutrition was assessed by measuring skin folds, midarm circumference, laboratory parameters and by calculating the normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR). Also their neuromuscular functions were assessed by clinical examination and neurophysiologic study. Dialysis dose was readjusted to achieve a target Kt/V value of 1.3 for patients on 3 times weekly dialysis and 1.6 for patients on twice weekly dialysis. Also, their nutrition was reviewed to achieve nPCR 1.2 g/kg/day and caloric intake 30–40 kcal/kg/day through diet manipulation and support. The patients were assessed finally after 3 months on targeted dialysis and nutrition by thorough clinical, laboratory and neuromuscular assessment.Analysis of neurophysiologic data showed significant improvement in electromyography. Furthermore, fatigue test showed significant (p = 0.002) decreases in muscle fatigue after optimization of dialysis dose and patients’ nutrition.From this study, we may conclude that in dialysis patients, even when asymptomatic and clinically stable, neurologic deficits do exist and using area kinetic modeling to improve dialysis and patients’ nutrition is valuable in improving their neuromuscular functions.
Persistent Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Expression May Predict Peritoneal Fibrosis in CAPD Patients with Frequent Peritonitis Occurrence
Authors: Lin Ching-Yuang , Chen Wei-Perng , Yang Ling-Yoeu , Chen Ann , Huang Tung-Po 
Published: April 2003

The efficiency of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis depends on the permeability of the peritoneal membrane. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) causes loss of the dialytic function. Several studies have indicated that PF is closely related to the proliferation of peritoneal fibroblasts and the deposition of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a major role in stimulating extracellular matrix deposition. Frequent peritonitis occurrence may cause persistent TGF-β1 mRNA expression. In an attempt to search for a factor related to PF, we designed a longitudinal study to measure TGF-β1 levels in dialysate and TGF-β1 mRNA expression in peritoneal mononuclear cells from peritoneal dialysate before onset, once a week during peritonitis, and after peritonitis in high and low peritonitis occurrence (HPO and LPO) patients. Fifteen patients with a LPO rate and 5 patients with a HPO rate were followed up longitudinally. Meanwhile, TGF-β1 levels and TGF-β1 mRNA expression were augmented in peritoneal dialysate effluents before, during, and after the episodes of peritonitis. The peritoneal permeability was evaluated by the peritoneal equilibration test. The results revealed that in the LPO group, TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 mRNA were detectable at early stages of peritonitis, but the levels decreased rapidly and were undetectable 2 weeks after peritonitis. On the other hand, in the HPO group, TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 mRNA persisted for a long time. We could detect TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 mRNA in dialysate effluents and peritoneal mononuclear cells even 2, 3, and 4 weeks after episodes of peritonitis. When compared with that of first or second episode of peritonitis, the peritoneal function evaluated with the peritoneal equilibration test was found to obviously deteriorate during the third episode of peritonitis. These findings were confirmed by an in situ hybridization technique to evaluate the relationship between TGF-β1 mRNA expression and PF from biopsied peritoneal specimens. These findings suggest that the high TGF-β1 levels in the dialysate are related to an increased expression of TGF-β1 in the peritoneum. Thus, the persistent TGF-β1 expression in the peritoneum may serve as a useful parameter in predicting PF in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with frequent peritonitis occurrence.
Delivered Dialysis Dose with PD Plus Therapy
Authors: Diaz-Buxo Jose A. , Youngblood Brenda P. , Torres Anne M. 
Published: April 2003

<b>Aim:</b> To evaluate the effect of PD Plus on weekly Kt/V<sub>urea</sub> and creatinine clearance (K<sub>cr</sub>) among patients undergoing CAPD/CCPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis/continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis). <b>Methods:</b> The kinetic studies of 92 CAPD and 18 CCPD patients who transferred to PD Plus were analyzed. All patients underwent CAPD/CCPD and PD Plus for a minimum of 3 months. Standard collection methods were used and kinetic indices calculated with the Pack PD Kinetic Modeling program. 57 patients had transport data and were modeled for a target weekly Kt/V<sub>urea</sub> ≥2.1 using PD Plus with ≤15 liters dialysate/day. 6 patients were supervised during the collection periods by research nurses. The actual results for all patients (110) and for the supervised patients were compared against the modeled results. <b>Results:</b>45% of the patients achieved a Kt/V<sub>urea</sub> ≥2.1 and 47% a K<sub>cr</sub> ≥60 liters/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> with PD Plus, but only 20% did so with CAPD/CCPD. A close correlation between the supervised patients and modeled therapy was observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> Adequate dialysis is possible by using higher fill volumes, the supine position, and optimal dwell times (PD Plus) in most patients. The discrepancy between modeled and achieved dose is likely due to poor compliance with therapy, inadequate training, or poor specimen collection.
Transient-Evoked and 2F<sub>1</sub>-F<sub>2</sub> Distortion Product Oto-Acoustic Emissions in Dogs:Preliminary Findings
Authors: Sockalingam Ravi , Filippich Lucio , Sommerlad Sue , Murdoch Bruce , Charles Bruce 
Published: April 2003

Transient (click)-evoked oto-acoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product oto-acoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in a feasibility study in 7 healthy mixed-breed dogs using the ILO 92 OAE analyser (Otodynamics, Hartfield, UK). Five dogs were found to have normal hearing in both ears and 2 dogs in the left ear only following otoscopy, tympanometry and auditory brainstem response audiometry. Twelve sets of TEOAEs (click-evoked) to 80 dB peSPL click stimulus and 9 sets of DPOAEs (2F<sub>1</sub>-F<sub>2</sub>) to 8 different stimulus levels of the primary tones (L<sub>1</sub>/L<sub>2</sub>) were collected at 11 test frequencies (F<sub>2</sub>) in these normal-hearing dogs. TEOAEs were successfully recorded in 11 of the 12 ears using the default user setting and in all 12 ears using the quickscreen program. DPOAEs were successfully recorded in all 9 ears tested. While the TEOAEs parameters matched those for humans, the average signal-to-noise ratio of DPOAEs was considerably higher in the dogs. Stimulus levels at 55/55, 55/45 and 55/35 dB SPL were demonstrated to produce DPOAEs that seem to reflect the active dynamic status of the outer hair cell system. Postmortem DPOAEs at these stimulus levels and TEOAEs at 80 Db peSPL could not be elicited 5 min following euthanasia of dogs. However, DPOAEs could still be recorded albeit with reduced amplitude at stimulus levels where L<sub>1</sub> > 55 dB SPL. The results suggest that TEOAEs and DPOAEs in dogs have the potential to provide valuable insights into their mechanisms of generation, and the specific role and behaviour of outer hair cells of the cochlea in certain pathological conditions, particularly in drug-induced ototoxicity, in humans.
Frequency-Specific Threshold Determination with the CERAgram Method: Basic Principle and Retrospective Evaluation of Data
Authors: Ross Bernhard , Lütkenhöner Bernd , Pantev Christo , Hoke Manfried 
Published: April 2003

A method for the objective evaluation of the hearing threshold using cortical evoked response audiometry was developed. The method results in a kind of objective audiogram, visualizing the significance of an auditory evoked potential (AEP) in a scheme similar to a conventional audiogram. In the present implementation of the method, four frequencies are tested quasi-simultaneously (500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 Hz; intensity steps of 5 dB). The significance of an evoked potential is assessed by means of the Rayleigh test, which is applied to the phase values derived from certain time windows of the single-trial epochs. A retrospective analysis of 1,920 threshold estimations in 240 subjects suggested that the detection threshold (lowest stimulus intensity yielding a significant response) was, on the average, 7.5 dB above the electrophysiological threshold (intensity where the AEP amplitude vanishes). The grand-average amplitude-intensity characteristic was approximated by the function a(1 – exp(–I/b)), with a = 6.25 μV, b = 22.3 dB and I representing the intensity (in decibels) relative to the electrophysiological threshold.
The Stable Microbubble Test on Tracheal Aspirate Samples from Newborn Babies for Diagnosis of Surfactant Deficiency and/or Surfactant Malfunction
Authors: Friedrich W. , Haufe M. , Schmalisch G. , Wauer R.R. 
Published: April 2003

For predicting the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), lung surfactant in amniotic fluid can be assessed by observation of stable microbubbles (<15 µm diameter). It was investigated if the stable microbubble test (MT) developed on amniotic fluid could be applied on tracheal aspirate samples (TA) obtained from newborn infants. Forty-four TA from 29 newborn infants without pulmonary diseases (group 1) and 65 TA from 21 newborn infants with respiratory insufficiency (group 2) were analyzed by the MT for predicting surfactant deficiency and/or surfactant malfunction. Ten microbubbles/mm<sup>2</sup> was defined as cutoff value of the MT. A specificity of 90% and a sensitivity of 52% was obtained with this cutoff value. A much lower rate of false negative results (sensitivity 91%) was noted after surface tension measurement of TA. The sensitivity of the MT (52%) does not encourage the use of the MT on TA.
Organ Pathology following Mild Hypothermia Used as Neural Rescue Therapy in Newborn Piglets
Authors: Amess P.N. , Penrice J. , Howard S. , Thoresen M. , Edwards A.D. , Cady E.B. , Wyatt J.S. , Sams V. 
Published: April 2003

The aim of this study was to assess the possible adverse effects of hypothermia, used as neural rescue therapy in a newborn piglet model. Sixteen newborn piglets were subjected to transient cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia by temporary occlusion of the carotid arteries and reduction of the fractional inspired oxygen to 0.12. On resuscitation 11 piglets were maintained normothermic (38.5–39.0°C) and, in order to assess the cerebroprotective effect of hypothermia, 5 piglets were cooled to 35°C for 12 h before normothermia was resumed. At 48 or 64 h following resuscitation the animals were sacrificed and the heart, left kidney, specimens of distal small bowel, lung and liver were removed and histologically sectioned. No microscopic abnormalities of the heart, bowel or lung were observed in hypothermic or normothermic animals. All kidney specimens were normal except one from the normothermic group. Abnormal liver pathology suggestive of hypoperfusion injury was found in 5 normothermic and 3 hypothermic piglets. There was no significant difference in the proportion of piglets with liver abnormality between the two groups. Mild hypothermia following cerebral hypoxia-ischaemia in the newborn piglet was not associated with an increased incidence of non-cerebral organ damage. The hepatic injury observed may be related to umbilical venous catheterisation and has potential relevance to neonatal intensive care.
The Effect of Phototherapy on Renal Blood Flow Velocity in Preterm Infants
Authors: Benders Manon J.N.L. , van Bel Frank , van de Bor Margot 
Published: April 2003

Mean renal blood flow velocity (RBFV) was studied with two-dimensional/pulsed Doppler ultrasound and relative renal vascular resistance (RVR) was calculated before, during, and after phototherapy treatment in 30 preterm infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) who were treated for a minimum of 12 h with phototherapy for nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia. RBFV decreased, whereas RVR increased significantly after the initiation of phototherapy. In ‘healthy’ (nonventilated) infants RBFV and RVR returned to baseline values after discontinuation of phototherapy. Whereas in ‘unhealthy’ (ventilated) infants, RBFV and RVR did not return to baseline values after discontinuation of phototherapy. In 16 infants (>50% of the cases) the ductus arteriosus reopened during phototherapy.
Brief, Intermittent Hypoxia Restricts Fetal Growth in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan E. , Kovach Andras , Meyer Joseph , McConnell Carol , Iwamoto Harriet S. 
Published: April 2003

This study was conducted to determine whether brief, intermittent exposure to hypoxia with little change in nutrient intake would affect fetal growth. Pregnant rats were exposed to 1 or 2 h of hypoxia (FiO<sub>2</sub> = 0.09–0.095) from days 15 to 19 of gestation. Exposure to 1 h of hypoxia decreased fetal body weight and length, liver weight and increased the brain/liver weight ratio (p < 0.05) as compared to controls. Two hours of hypoxia decreased fetal body weight and length, and heart, lung, kidney, gut, brain and liver weights (p < 0.01), but did not affect the brain/liver weight ratio. Two hours of hypoxia decreased maternal food intake and weight gain (p < 0.05), but fetal growth was not significantly altered in pair-fed controls. These data demonstrate that brief, intermittent periods of intrauterine hypoxia have significant effects on fetal growth.