bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Acidosis Modulates Drug Block of Kv4.3 Currents by Flecainide and Quinidine
Authors: Singarayar Suresh , Bursill Jane , Wyse Ken , Bauskin Asne , Wu Wan , Vandenberg Jamie , Breit Samuel , Campbell Terence 
Published: June 2003

Introduction: As a molecular model of the effect of ischemia on drug block of the transient outward potassium current, the effect of acidosis on the blocking properties of flecainide and quinidine on Kv4.3 currents was studied.
Methods and Results: Kv4.3 channels were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Whole‐cell, voltage clamp techniques were used to measure the effect of flecainide and quinidine on Kv4.3 currents in solutions of pH 7.4 and 6.0. Extracellular acidosis attenuated flecainide block of Kv4.3 currents, with the IC50 for flecainide (based on current‐time integrals) increasing from

7.8 ± 1.1 μM

at pH 7.4 to

125.1 ± 1.1 μM

at pH 6.0. Similar effects were observed for quinidine (

IC50 5.2 ± 1.1 μM

at pH 7.4 and

22.1 ± 1.3 μM

at pH 6.0). Following block by either drug, Kv4.3 channels showed a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage sensitivity of inactivation and a slowing in the time to recover from inactivation/block that was unaffected by acidosis. In contrast, acidosis attenuated the effects on the time course of inactivation and the degree of tonic‐ and frequency‐dependent block for both drugs.
Conclusion: Extracellular acidosis significantly decreases the potency of blockade of Kv4.3 by both flecainide and quinidine. This change in potency may be due to allosteric changes in the channel, changes in the proportion of uncharged drug, and/or changes in the kinetics of drug binding or unbinding. These findings are in contrast to the effects of extracellular acidosis on block of the fast sodium channel by these agents and provide a molecular mechanism for divergent modulation of drug block potentially leading to ischemia‐associated proarrhythmia.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 641‐650, June 2003)
Mechanism of Discordant T Wave Alternans in the In Vivo Heart
Authors: Chinushi Masaomi , Kozhevnikov Dmitry , Caref Edward B. , Restivo Mark , El‐Sherif Nabil 
Published: June 2003

Introduction: Compared to concordant T wave alternans (CA), discordant T wave alternans (DA) may be associated with an increased dispersion of repolarization (DR) and a greater propensity to develop reentrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The electrophysiologic mechanisms of DA in the in vivo heart are not well understood.
Methods and Results: The mechanisms of DA were investigated in the canine anthopleurin‐A surrogate model of long QT3 syndrome using tridimensional analysis of activation and repolarization patterns from 256 to 384 unipolar electrograms. Cardiac repolarization was evaluated as the activation‐recovery interval (ARI) of local electrograms. Two mechanisms for the development of DA were observed. (1) Stepwise shortening of cycle length (CL) superimposed on preexisting DR resulted in different diastolic intervals (DI) at midmyocardial sites compared to epicardial and endocardial sites. The dispersion of DI coupled with different restitution kinetics at those sites induced DA. (2) The dependence of conduction velocity on DI as the CL is abruptly shortened could result in differential conduction delays at mid sites. This enhanced the dispersion of DI between sites and, coupled with the different restitution kinetics, induced DA. The critical step for the development of DA in both mechanisms was the occurrence of short ARI in two consecutive beats either at epicardial sites in the first mechanism or at mid sites in the second mechanism. Sites with DA had significantly more DR compared to sites with concordant T wave alternans, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias developed mainly in the presence of DA.
Conclusion: In the in vivo heart, DA developed due to critical interaction between dispersion of DI and differences in restitution kinetics at different myocardial sites. The dispersion of DI could result from preexisting DR or differential conduction delay at a critical short CL. DA is critically linked to the development of malignant tachyarrhythmias.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 632‐638, June 2003)
Radiofrequency Ablation of Accessory Pathways Guided by the Location of the Ligament of Marshall
Authors: Hwang Chun , Peter C. Thomas , Chen Peng‐Sheng 
Published: June 2003

Introduction: In humans, complex muscle connections are present near the junction between the coronary sinus (CS) and the ligament of Marshall. We hypothesize that these complex muscle connections participate in accessory pathway conduction.
Methods and Results: Electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency ablation were performed in four patients with refractory AV reciprocating tachycardia. Case 1 was a 19‐year‐old male. Marshall bundle potentials were recorded by a catheter in the vein of Marshall. Radiofrequency energy application from that catheter resulted in successful ablation. Case 2 was a 43‐year‐old male who had undergone two unsuccessful radiofrequency ablation procedures of a left free‐wall accessory pathway by conventional techniques. Coronary sinus electrography during tachycardia and ventricular pacing showed a long V‐A interval. Radiofrequency energy application directed toward the ligament of Marshall eliminated the pathway conduction. Case 3 was a 17‐year‐old male who had undergone three unsuccessful ablation procedures. Radiofrequency energy application directed toward the stump of the vein of Marshall successfully eliminated the pathway conduction. Case 4 was a 20‐year‐old female who underwent one unsuccessful ablation procedure. Successful ablation was achieved in the left atrial free wall, approximately 1 cm above the AV annulus, at a location near the ligament of Marshall.
Conclusion: We report four patients in whom successful accessory pathway ablation was achieved by targeting the ligament of Marshall. These findings suggest that the complex muscle connections among the coronary sinus, ligament of Marshall, and left atrium is important in accessory pathway conduction and maintenance of circus movement tachycardia in these patients.
(J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 14, pp. 616‐620, June 2003)
Severe Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis in Older Arabian Horses
Authors: Malone Erin D. , Les Cliff M. , Turner Tracy A. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To report a severe form of carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC‐OA) affecting primarily older Arabian horses.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Thirty‐one horses with CMC‐OA.Methods—Carpal radiographs (405 sets) from 3 hospitals were evaluated to identify horses with marked osteoproliferative reaction across the medial aspect of the CMC joint. Owners were contacted to obtain detailed histories and status updates. Necropsy specimens of the CMC joint were evaluated at 2 hospitals to determine the prevalence of 2 variations in the articulation between the proximal second and third metacarpal bones.Results—Thirty‐one horses were identified as having marked osteoproliferative reaction at the CMC joint. Twenty‐three (74%) were Arabian horses. Of the Arabian horses, the average age at admission was 14.4 years. Eight (34.8%) Arabian horses had a known history of trauma. Most were no longer rideable at presentation. Ten of the horses were subsequently euthanatized because of lameness. The dorsal and palmar articulations between the second and third metacarpal bones were examined in 177 horses. The palmar articulation was absent in 48% of Arabian horses and 12.5% of non‐Arabian horses at 1 center, including 4 horses with CMC‐OA. At the second center, the palmar articulation was present in 8 of 8 Arabian horses but was absent in 22 of 92 (24%) non‐Arabian horses.Conclusions—An increased frequency of this crippling form of OA was observed in Arabian horses. It may reflect an increased prevalence, in some geographical regions, of an absent palmar articulation between the second and third metacarpal bones.Clinical Relevance—Carpal trauma in some Arabian horses may result in unexpectedly severe carpometacarpal osteoarthritis.
Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Left Nephrectomy in Standing Horses
Authors: Keoughan Curry G. , Rodgerson Dwayne H. , Brown Murray P. 
Published: June 2003

Objective— To describe a hand‐assisted, laparoscopic technique to remove the left kidney in standing horses.Study Design— Prospective evaluation.Animals— Eight horses.Methods— Food was withheld for a minimum of 12 hours. Horses were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (0.01–0.02 mg/kg, intravenously) and restrained in standing stocks. The left paralumbar fossa was prepared for surgery, and the surgical site was infiltrated with 2% mepivacaine. Hand‐assisted, laparoscopic removal of the left kidney was performed through an incision in the center of the paralumbar fossa; the surgeon's hand was used to isolate the left kidney and associated vasculature. The renal artery and vein were isolated and individually ligated. After vessel transection distal to the ligatures, the left kidney was exteriorized, the ureter ligated and transected, and the incision closed.Results— Laparoscopic removal of the left kidney was successfully performed in all horses. Retroperitoneal infiltration of local anesthesia provided adequate anesthesia. Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in 3 horses. Surgical duration (initial skin incision to transection of the left kidney) ranged from 20 to 90 minutes. In 2 horses, no signs of pain were noted for 48 hours postoperatively.Conclusion— Hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery can be used for removal of the left kidney in horses.Clinical Relevance— Hand‐assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy can be safely performed in standing horses; however, care should be taken to identify accessory branches of the renal artery to limit potential complications with hemorrhage.
Evaluation of a Nontoxic Rigid Polymer as Connecting Bar in External Skeletal Fixators
Authors: Störk Christoph K. , Canivet Philippe , Baidak Alexandre A. , Balligand Marc H. 
Published: June 2003

Objective—To investigate the mechanical characteristics of a nontoxic, low‐cost, rigid polymer (RP) and to compare the structural and mechanical properties of a full‐frame external skeletal fixator (ESF) with either RP connecting bars, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) connecting bars, or stainless‐steel (SS) clamps and connecting bars.Study Design—In vitro mechanical evaluation.Methods—Mechanical properties were assessed using an in vitro bone fracture model with a bilateral uniplanar ESF (type II). Identical ESF were built with connecting bars using RP (n = 8), PMMA (n = 8), and SS connecting bars and clamps (System Meynard;n = 3). Nondestructive mechanical tests were performed in uniaxial compression (AC) and craniocaudal (CC) 4‐point bending, as well as fatigue AC. Composite stiffness for each specimen and for each loading mode was calculated from 6 replicate measures using the slope of the load displacement curve at small displacements.Results—RP, PMMA, and SS ESF constructs yielded mean ± SD composite stiffness values of 227 ± 15, 381 ± 30, and 394 ± 9 N/mm in AC and of 35 ± 2, 24 ± 2, and 15 ± 0 N/mm in CC, respectively.Conclusions—Structural and mechanical properties of RP are satisfactorily rigid and fatigue resistant for its use as a connecting bar in ESF.Clinical Relevance—RP connecting bars in an ESF are a reliable, versatile, nontoxic and inexpensive option for the veterinary surgeon.
Cylindrical Press‐Fit Osteochondral Allografts for Resurfacing the Equine Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Authors: Pearce Simon G. , Hurtig Mark B. , Boure Ludovic P. , Radcliffe Rolfe M. , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: June 2003

Objective— To investigate the feasibility of resurfacing the equine fetlock joint using cylindrical, orthotopic, press‐fit, osteochondral allografts.Study Design— Experimental study.Animals— Ten mature, mixed‐breed horses.Methods— Cylindrical, osteochondral grafts (6.5‐mm diameter) were harvested aseptically from cadaveric equine metatarsophalangeal joints. Allografts were transplanted into 6 horses; 4 horses were sham operated. The surgical approach involved creation of a bone block at the origin of the medial collateral ligament and luxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Grafts were placed into the medial and lateral metatarsal condyles. Radiographs were taken at 8 and 25 weeks, and lameness was evaluated at 25 weeks. Horses were killed at 25 weeks. Analyses included gross evaluation, microradiography, paravital staining, light microscopy, and cartilage biochemistry.Results— No complications occurred that could be attributed to the surgical procedure. Graft congruency with the surrounding articular cartilage was fair to excellent. Two horses were sound at 25 weeks. Most grafts had more than 90% articular cartilage coverage, and histologic and microradiographic analysis revealed good graft incorporation and articular cartilage survival. Sulphated glycosaminoglycan concentration was decreased in grafted tissue.Conclusions— We attribute the viability of osteochondral allografts in the equine fetlock to adequate congruency, stable graft fixation, and the use of orthotopic tissue. Host response to the allograft bone tissue did not affect cartilage viability.Clinical Relevance— Before clinical use, improvements to instrumentation are required that would decrease damage to grafts and minimize technique‐associated incongruencies of the articular surface at the time of grafting. Larger grafts would also likely be required to resurface a greater surface area.
Tenoscopic Release of the Equine Carpal Canal
Authors: Textor Jamie A. , Nixon Alan J. , Fortier Lisa A. 
Published: June 2003

Objective— To develop a tenoscopic method to divide the carpal flexor retinaculum and decompress the carpal canal.Study Design— Cadaver specimen study and prospective trial.Animals— Twelve cadaveric limbs, 4 clinically normal horses, and 2 clinically affected horses.Methods— A tenoscopic approach to the proximolateral aspect of the carpal sheath was used to identify and facilitate endoscopic division of the inner and outer layers of the carpal flexor retinaculum in cadaver limbs. The technique was further evaluated in 4 normal and 2 clinically affected horses.Results— Anatomic dissection, intraoperative observation, necropsy, histologic evaluation, and both short‐ and long‐term clinical follow‐up indicate that a tenoscopic approach that divides the inner layer of the carpal retinaculum can successfully decompress the equine carpal canal. No iatrogenic damage to surrounding structures was evident, division of the retinaculum was adequate and permanent, and clinical morbidity was negligible. Resolution of effusion was evident in both clinical cases of carpal canal syndrome and lameness resolved in the 1 horse in which long‐term follow‐up was possible.Conclusions— Tenoscopic release of the carpal flexor retinaculum could provide a minimally invasive method to quickly, safely, and effectively decompress the carpal canal.Clinical Relevance— Tensocopic release of the carpal flexor retinaculum is a safe alternative to open division of the retinaculum to decompress the carpal canal in horses with carpal canal syndrome.
Cultural Diversity in People's Understanding and Uses of Time
Authors: Brislin Richard W. , Kim Eugene S. 
Published: June 2003

La mondialisation et les projets commerciaux internationaux mettent fréquemment en relation des personnes relevant de cultures différentes. Hall soutient que la gestion du temps est un ‘langage silencieux’ qui affecte les conduites quiotidiennes. Les auteurs ont retenu dix concepts résumant l’impact de la culture sur les contact interculturels qui sont l’un des aspects des négociations dans les affaires internationales: 1. Le temps de l’horloge et celui de l’événement: respecte‐t‐on des programmes préétablis ou laisse‐t‐on l’événement suivre son cours naturel avant de passer à un autre événement? 2. La ponctualité: quel est le degré de sensibilité au non respect des horaires convenus? 3. La relation entre la tâche et le temps social pendant la journée de travail; 4. Se consacre‐t‐on à une seule activitéà la fois ou à plusieurs en même temps? 5. Efficience vs efficacité; 6. Un rythme de vie lent ou accélér; 7. Comment réagit‐on aux longues périodes de silence? 8. Est‐on plutôt tourné vers le passé, le présent ou l’avenir? 9. La dimension symbolique due temps; 10. L’importance respective du temps consacré au travail et aus loisirs. En s’appuyant sur ces dix concepts, les auteurs suggèrent quelques idées aux hommes d’affaires qui voyagent beaucoup dans des environnements culturels différents du leur et qui accepteur des séjours de longue durée dans l’autres pays.The global economy and international business ventures have brought many occasions for the development of interpersonal relationships among people who were socialised into different cultures. People's use of time, according to Hall, is a “silent language” that affects their everyday behaviors. The authors identify ten concepts that summarise how culture affects intercultural interactions that are part of international business dealings: 1. Clock and event time: Do people follow set schedules or let the event take its natural course before moving to another event? 2. Punctuality: How sensitive are people to deviations from appointed times? 3. The relation between task and social time during the workday; 4. Whether people do one activity at a time or do many at once; 5. Efficiency vs. effectiveness; 6. Fast and slow paces of life; 7. How people deal with long periods of silence; 8. People's time orientation: past, present and the future; 9. The symbolic meaning of time; 10. Cultural differences in importance of work and leisure time. The authors also provide insights based on these ten concepts for business people who travel extensively to other cultures and who accept long‐term assignments in other countries.
The Digital Divide and Managing Workforce Diversity: A Commentary
Authors: Ford, Jr David L. , Whaley George L. 
Published: June 2003

Aux Etats‐Unis, les minorités sont nettement en‐dessous de la moyenne nationale dans l’occupation des emplois relevant des technologies de l’information et autres industries high‐tech. D’un point de vue plus global, l’embauche de gens de couleur provenant d’Afrique, du Pakistan, d’Inde ou du Bengladesh pose également problème au Royaume Uni et dans les autres pays de l’union européenne. En clair, il faut inverser ces patriques. Les auteurs examinent ces faits et d’autres données de partage numérique dans une perspective de diversitéélargie de la main‐d’œuvre et proposent un modèle de croissance lente destinéà centrer l’attention du lecteur sur les moyens de traiter les inégalités dans la hiérarchic des technologies de l’information.In the US, minorities lag far behind the national average in holding jobs in the information technology and other high‐tech industries. On a broader global perspective, employment of persons of color of African, Pakistani, West Indian, and Bangladeshi origin in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the European Union countries is also problematic. Clearly, these trends need to be reversed. The authors examine these and other digital divide issues from a global workforce diversity perspective and propose a trickle‐up model to focus the reader's attention on ways to address inequities in the information technology value chain.
The Future of Workforce Diversity in International Organisations: A Commentary
Authors: Triandis Harry C. 
Published: June 2003

Cet article examine plusieurs sortes de diversités ethniques dans les organisations internationales. Il recense les facteurs susceptibles de rendre particul‐ièrement faciles ou difficiles les relations intergroupes relevant de ces diversités. Il propose aussi des solutions qui peuvent favoriser les relations intergroupes. L’avenir imposera une conjonction de ces pratiques pour assurer un bon fonctionnement des organisations internationales.Humans must overcome distinct difficulties in getting along with those who are different from them. In this paper I will describe these difficulties, and try to identify some remedies that may overcome them. Hopefully, in the future, humans will undertake to overcome these difficulties by using one or more of the suggested remedies.
Growth and Unemployment: Towards a Theoretical Integration
Authors: Aricó Fabio 
Published: June 2003

We observe in the literature of the past decade some innovative contributions identified a relation between economic growth and long run unemployment. This set of contributions is composed of very few elements, all characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity about their features and about their final results.In the first part of the survey we provide a classification of these early contributions. In the second part we explore some alternative formulations of the problem and we present a wider set of models displaying interesting features, able to promote further studies about the persistence of unemployment in a growing economy.
The Consultancy Process — An Insecure Business?
Authors: Sturdy Andrew 
Published: June 2003

This paper examines the practices and perceptions of management consultants and their clients. The existing literature, which emphasizes managerial anxiety in accounting for the persistent use of consultants and, relatedly, the transience of management ideas is critically developed. It is argued that such accounts tend to be abstracted from the power relations of organizations and capitalism and to portray management as passive victims of confident consultants.An alternative interactive model is proposed, which is based on reciprocal and self‐defeating concerns of clients and consultants to secure a sense of identity and control. This is explored empirically, highlighting the hitherto neglected active role of managers in resisting consultancy and the pressures and anxieties experienced by consultants. The account selectively draws on secondary sources as well as interview, documentary and survey research of IT strategy consultants and clients in the UK financial services sector.
HRMism and the Languages of Re‐presentation
Authors: Keenoy Tom 
Published: June 2003

Storey, John (Ed.). Human Resource Management – A Critical Text. London and New York: Routledge, 1995, pp. 399, $17.99. (pbk).Legge, Karen. Human Resource Management – Rhetorics and Realities. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1995, pp. 385, £14.99. (pbk).
Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue: Thinking in Organizations
Authors: Hodgkinson Gerard P. , Thomas Alan B. 
Published: June 2003

This special issue of the Journal of Management Studies is devoted to a topic which is rapidly becoming established as one of the central concerns of researchers within the interrelated fields of organization studies and management studies: the topic of managerial and organizational cognition. The purpose of this introductory article is to outline the key themes to be addressed and to contextualize the various contributions within the wider literature.That interest in this rapidly developing area of study is on the ascendancy is evidenced by the growing number of special issues of journals (e.g. Eden, 1992; Meindl et al., 1994, Porac and Thomas, 1989), edited books and monographs (e.g. Cummings and Staw, 1990; Huff, 1990; Sims and Gioia, 1986; Weick, 1995), and informal conferences and networks, devoted to an increasingly diverse range of organizational phenomena, as viewed from a cognitive perspective. Moreover, the formation of the Managerial and Organizational Cognition Interest Group within the American Academy of Management represents a significant landmark in the development of cognitive approaches to the analysis of behaviour in organizations.