bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an infection‐resistant bifunctionalized Dacron biomaterial
Authors: Aggarwal Puja , Phaneuf Matthew D. , Bide Martin J. , Sousa Kerry A. , LoGerfo Frank W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA novel infection‐resistant biomaterial was created by applying the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) to a recently developed bifunctionalized polyethylene terephthalate (“polyester,” Dacron) material using textile‐dyeing technology. Dacron was modified via exposure to ethylenediamine (EDA) to create amine and carboxylic acid sites within the polymer backbone. Cipro was applied to the bifunctionalized Dacron construct under varied experimental conditions, with resulting antimicrobial activity determined via zone of inhibition. Dacron segments treated at a liquor ratio of 20:1, with 5% Cipro on weight of fabric (owf), at pH 8 for 4 h at 70°C followed by autoclaving showed antimicrobial activity for 78 days (length of study). Segments treated similarly but without autoclaving lost activity within 1 day. Dyeing time and temperature did not significantly affect antibiotic release/activity, but segments dyed at pHs higher or lower than 8 had less antimicrobial activity. The long‐term infection resistance provided by this technique may answer major problems of infection from which implantable Dacron biomedical devices suffer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Functional polymer hydrogels for embryonic stem cell support
Authors: Kroupová Jana , Horák Daniel , Pacherník Jiří , Dvořák Petr , Šlouf Miroslav 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells with the ability to differentiate among all embryonic and adult cell lineages. Derivation of human ES cells opened up the way for treatment of many serious disorders by stem cell‐based transplantation therapy. One of the most exciting challenges in development of transplantation therapies is to repair the damaged part of the organ or tissue by transplantation of undifferentiated ES cells or their differentiated derivatives within three‐dimensional polymer scaffold. This method allows both renewal of structure and restoration of function of the organ. To address this issue, new polymer hydrogels were synthesized and tested. Cationic hydrogel slabs were synthesized by bulk radical copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) or 1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VP) with N,N′‐divinylethyleneurea (DVEU) or EDMA in the presence of saccharose or NaCl as a porogen. Swelling studies of the synthesized copolymers showed a high water content in the swollen state. Biocompatibility was studied with the use of feeder‐independent mouse ES cell line D3. Cells grown either on the surface or inside synthesized polymer slabs suggest that the tested slabs are not toxic. The ability of ES cells to proliferate was only partially limited in PHEMA slabs crosslinked with EDMA compared with standard culture conditions. When cultured for a limited period of time, ES cells retained their undifferentiated state independently of properties of the hydrogel slabs, presence or absence of surface charges, type of crosslinking agent and matrix (PHEMA or PVP). Notably, prolonged culture in superporous hydrogel slabs initiated ES cell differentiation. Compared with unmodified PHEMA, the number of proliferating ES cells was still lower in the presence of cationic polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Legal standards, ethical standards, and responses to social–sexual conduct at work
Authors: Pierce Charles A. , Aguinis Herman 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhen individuals investigate a sexual harassment claim that stems from a dissolved workplace romance, their responses to the claim are likely influenced by their ethical standards and legal standards. We propose a person–situation interactionist decision‐making process through which investigators' ethical standards may override legal standards when responding to social–sexual conduct at work. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lying in negotiations: how individual and situational factors influence the use of neutralization strategies
Authors: Aquino Karl , Becker Thomas E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLying in negotiations can cause negative emotions, so participants may use neutralization strategies to reduce these feelings. We conducted a 2 (ethical versus non‐ethical climate) × 2 (low versus high negative consequences) experiment to examine how individual and situational factors affect the use of three such strategies: minimizing the lie, denigration of the target, and denial. Lying, psychological distress, and self‐perceived moral attributes were measured as non‐manipulated independent variables. One hundred and ninety‐two MBA students participated in a business negotiation in which they were provided with incentives to lie. As predicted, higher distress was associated with greater denial of lies. In addition, climate and consequences interacted to affect minimization and liars engaged in less minimization than did participants who merely concealed information. Climate and moral attributes interacted to affect denigration. We believe these findings support further study of neutralization strategies in the workplace. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Covalent Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase onto New Modified Acrylonitrile Copolymer/Silica Gel Hybrid Supports
Authors: Godjevargova Tzonka , Nenkova Ruska , Dimova Nedyalka 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: New polymer/silica gel hybrid supports were prepared by coating high surface area of silica gel with modified acrylonitrile copolymer. The concentrations of the modifying agent (NaOH) and the modified polymer were varied. GOD was covalently immobilized on these hybrid supports and the relative activity and the amount of bound protein were determined. The highest relative activity and sufficient amount of bound protein of the immobilized GOD were achieved in 10% NaOH and 2% solution of modified acrylonitrile copolymer. The influence of glutaraldehyde concentration and the storage time on enzyme efficiency were examined. Glutaraldehyde concentration of 0.5% is optimal for the immobilized GOD. It was shown that the covalently bound enzyme (using 0.5% glutaraldehyde) had higher relative activity than the activity of the adsorbed enzyme. Covalently immobilized GOD with 0.5% glutaraldehyde was more stable for four months in comparison with the one immobilized on pure silica gel, hybrid support with 10% glutaraldehyde and the free enzyme. The effect of the pore size on the enzyme efficiency was studied on four types of silica gel with different pore size. Silica with large pores (CPC‐Silica carrier, 375 Å) presented higher relative activity than those with smaller pore size (Silica gel with 4, 40 and 100 Å). The amount of bound protein was also reduced with decreasing the pore size. The effect of particle size was studied and it was found out that the smaller the particle size was, the greater the activity and the amount of immobilized enzyme were. The obtained results proved that these new polymer/silica gel hybrid supports were suitable for GOD immobilization.Influence of storage time on the residual activity of GOD.magnified imageInfluence of storage time on the residual activity of GOD.
Printing Biomacromolecules on a Bovine Serum Albumin Precursor Layer
Authors: Wang Bo , Feng Jie , Gao Changyou 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Various biomacromolecules including proteins and polysaccharides are printed on a substrate capped with a bovine serum albumin (BSA) precursor layer to create clear co‐patterns of these molecules. Characterizations by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate the successful production and clear boundaries of the co‐patterns. Rinsing the BSA‐adsorbed substrate and the biomacromolecules‐inked stamp before microcontact printing (µCP) is crucial for the creation of clear and stable co‐patterns. The patterns are mainly stabilized by electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces. Characterizations by ellipsometry, UV‐Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy reveal that printing by a flat PDMS stamp yields a denser layered structure of proteins with a higher amount than that of adsorbed proteins. By printing, however, a lower enzymatic catalytic activity for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or binding capability for avidin (both normalized to amount) is determined. A conformational transition from α‐helix to β‐sheet of HRP is observed by ATR‐IR. By contrast, a BSA precursor layer can effectively improve the functionality of the printed HRP or avidin and preserve the original conformation of the proteins, although the absolute transferred amount of these proteins is decreased.UV‐Vis absorbance at 405 nm as a function of time showing the activity evolution of HRP on quartz slides (inset) prepared with different methods.magnified imageUV‐Vis absorbance at 405 nm as a function of time showing the activity evolution of HRP on quartz slides (inset) prepared with different methods.
Crystal Structure and Morphology of Poly(16‐hexadecalactone) Chain‐folded Lamellar Crystals
Authors: Kim Eunju , Uyama Hiroshi , Doi Yoshiharu , Ha Chang‐Sik , Iwata Tadahisa 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Solution‐grown, chain‐folded lamellar crystals of poly(16‐hexadecalactone) (PHDL) were crystallized isothermally from 1‐hexanol at 70 °C. The morphology of lozenge‐shaped crystals was studied by TEM and AFM. The lamellae are ca. 10 nm thick and the chains run orthogonal to the lamellar surface with folding along (110) and ($1\bar 10$) planes. The crystal structure of PHDL was determined by XRD and election diffraction of single crystals. The chains are in the 21 helix conformation close to all‐trans and the structure consists of an orthorhombic unit cell with a P212121 space group with the lattice constants a = 0.746 ± 0.001 nm, b = 0.504 ± 0.001 nm, and c (chain axis) = 4.116 ± 0.003 nm. There are two chains per unit cell, which exist in an antiparallel arrangement. Molecular packing structure has been studied in detail, taking into account both diffraction data and energy calculations. The setting angles, with respect to a axis, were ±40° for the corner and center chains, respectively. By using the electron and XRD data, the best molecular packing model was refined to R‐factors of 0.168 and 0.196, respectively. A brief comparison of chain‐packing structure is also made with related polymer structures.
magnified image
Evaluation of the Isoconversional Approach to Estimating the Hoffman‐Lauritzen Parameters from the Overall Rates of Non‐Isothermal Crystallization of Polymers
Authors: Achilias Dimitris S. , Papageorgiou George Z. , Karayannidis George P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: The isoconversional approach proposed by Vyazovkin for evaluating the Hoffman‐Lauritzen parameters from overall rates of non‐isothermal crystallization was critically applied to two new and fast crystallizing polymers, poly(propylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene naphthalate), which are used for the production of fibers. Non‐isothermal crystallization data were corrected for the effect of the thermal lag and the effective activation energy as a function of temperature was calculated using the method of Friedman. The estimated Hoffman‐Lauritzen parameters, U* and Kg, were consistent with corresponding values from isothermal crystallization experiments obtained either from DSC measurements or using polarized optical microscopy (POM). It was found that the proposed method could simulate the experimental data very well, and the temperature interval under consideration did not allow the detection of any critical breakpoints denoting regime transitions.Dependence of the effective activation energy on average temperature for PPT.magnified imageDependence of the effective activation energy on average temperature for PPT.
Gδ‐pieces of canonical partitions of G‐spaces
Authors: Majcher‐Iwanow Barbara 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGeneralizing model companions from model theory we define companions of pieces of canonical partitions of Polish G‐spaces. This unifies several constructions from logic. The central problem of the paper is the existence of companions which form a G‐orbit which is a Gδ‐set. We describe companions of some typical G‐spaces. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The minimal complementation property above 0′
Authors: Lewis Andrew E. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLet us say that any (Turing) degree d > 0 satisfies the minimal complementation property (MCP) if for every degree 0 < a < d there exists a minimal degree b < d such that a ∨ b = d (and therefore a ∧ b = 0). We show that every degree d ≥ 0′ satisfies MCP. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From finitary to infinitary second‐order logic
Authors: Weaver George , Penev Irena 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA back and forth condition on interpretations for those second‐order languages without functional variables whose non‐logical vocabulary is finite and excludes functional constants is presented. It is shown that this condition is necessary and sufficient for the interpretations to be equivalent in the language. When applied to second‐order languages with an infinite non‐logical vocabulary, excluding functional constants, the back and forth condition is sufficient but not necessary. It is shown that there is a class of infinitary second‐order languages whose non‐logical vocabulary is infinite for which the back and forth condition is both necessary and sufficient. It is also shown that some applications of the back and forth construction for second‐order languages can be extended to the infinitary second‐order languages. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A high dimensional Open Coloring Axiom
Authors: He Bin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe prove a partition theorem for analytic sets, namely, if X is an analytic set in a Polish space and [X]n = K0 ∪ K1 with K0 open in the relative topology, and the partition satisfies a finitary condition, then either there is a perfect K0‐homogeneous subset or X is a countable union of K1‐homogeneous subsets. We also prove a partition theorem for analytic sets in the three‐dimensional case. Finally, we give some applications of the theorems. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Universal partial indestructibility and strong compactness
Authors: Apter Arthur W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFor any ordinal δ, let λδ be the least inaccessible cardinal above δ. We force and construct a model in which the least supercompact cardinal κ is indestructible under κ‐directed closed forcing and in which every measurable cardinal δ < κ is < λδ strongly compact and has its < λδ strong compactness indestructible under δ‐directed closed forcing of rank less than λδ. In this model, κ is also the least strongly compact cardinal. We also establish versions of this result in which κ is the least strongly compact cardinal but is not supercompact. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Catalytic Polymerization of Liquid Propylene: Effect of Low‐Yield Hexene Prepolymerization on Kinetics and Morphology
Authors: Pimplapure Makarand S. , Weickert Günter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: A Ziegler‐Natta‐catalyst was used in ultra low‐yield slurry prepolymerization followed by liquid propylene (main) polymerizations. Complete catalyst disintegration down to 1.5–2 µm particle size is observed at prepolymerization yields of 10 g per g cat. The initial (main) polymerization rate increased up to 55% and the final average particle diameter can be controlled between 50 and 1 500 µm at main polymerization yields of 20 kg PP per g cat · hr−1. Tension generation within the particle and the absence of a polymer layer explains these results.Surface SEM. Top: Catalyst surface covered with polyhexene. Bottom: Cracks on catalyst surface after washing with hexane.imageSurface SEM. Top: Catalyst surface covered with polyhexene. Bottom: Cracks on catalyst surface after washing with hexane.
Acrylic Acid “Reversed” PolyHIPEs
Authors: Krajnc Peter , Štefanec Dejan , Pulko Irena 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: An oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsion consisting of acrylic acid, water, and a crosslinker (N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide) as the water phase, and toluene as the oil phase was successfully stabilised to sustain thermal initiation of radical polymerisation resulting in porous open‐cellular monolithic material. The type of initiator used influenced the average pore size ranging from approx. 708 nm to approx. 1 087 nm, as determined by mercury porosimetry.Schematic of the preparation of an oil‐in‐water‐type polyHIPE (high internal phase emulsion).imageSchematic of the preparation of an oil‐in‐water‐type polyHIPE (high internal phase emulsion).
Validity of a modified Parkinson's disease screening questionnaire in India: Effects of literacy of participants and medical training of screeners and implications for screening efforts in developing countries
Authors: Sarangmath Nagaraja , Rattihalli Rohini , Ragothaman Mona , Gopalkrishna Gururaj , Doddaballapur Subbakrishna , Louis Elan D. , Muthane Uday B. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is low among Indians, except in the Parsis. Data for Indians come from studies using different screening tools and criteria to detect PD. An epidemiological study in India, which has nearly a billion people, more than 18 spoken languages, and varying levels of literacy, requires development and validation of a screening tool for PD. The objectives of this study are to (1) validate a modified version of a widely used screening questionnaire for PD to suit the needs of the Indian population; (2) compare the use of a nonmedical assistant (NMA) with the use of a medical person during screening; and (3) compare the effect of literacy of participants on the validity of the screening tool. The validity of the questionnaire was tested on 125 participants from a home for the elderly. NMAs of similar background and medical personnel administered the modified screening questionnaire. A movement disorder neurologist blind to the responses on the questionnaire, examined participants independently and diagnosed if participants had PD. The questionnaire was validated in the movement disorders clinic, on known PD patients and their family members without PD. In the movement disorders clinic, sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire were 100% and 89%, respectively. Fifty‐seven participants were included for analysis. The questionnaire had a higher sensitivity when NMAs (75%) rather than the medical personnel (61%) administered it, and its specificity was higher with the medical personnel (61%) than with NMAs (55% and 25%). The questionnaire had a higher specificity in literates than illiterates, whereas sensitivity varied considerably. The modified questionnaire translated in a local Indian language had reasonable sensitivity and can be used to screen individuals for PD in epidemiological studies in India. This questionnaire can be administered by NMAs to screen PD and this strategy would reduce manpower costs. Literacy may influence epidemiological estimates when screening PD. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Focal dystonia in musicians: Treatment strategies and long‐term outcome in 144 patients
Authors: Jabusch Hans‐Christian , Zschucke Dorothea , Schmidt Alexander , Schuele Stephan , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe present the long‐term outcome of 144 musicians with focal dystonia after treatment with botulinum toxin (n = 71), trihexiphenidyl (n = 69), pedagogical retraining (n = 24), ergonomic changes (n = 51), or nonspecific exercises on the instrument (n = 78). Outcome was assessed by patients' subjective rating of cumulative treatment response and response to individual therapies. Seventy‐seven patients (54%) reported an alleviation of symptoms: 33% of the patients with trihexiphenidyl, 49% with botulinum toxin, 50% with pedagogical retraining, 56% with unmonitored technical exercises, and 63% with ergonomic changes. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Characterisation of indomethacin and nifedipine using variable‐temperature solid‐state NMR
Authors: Apperley David C. , Forster Angus H. , Fournier Romain , Harris Robin K. , Hodgkinson Paul , Lancaster Robert W. , Rades Thomas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have characterised the stable polymorphic forms of two drug molecules, indomethacin (1) and nifedipine (2) by 13C CPMAS NMR and the resonances have been assigned. The signal for the CCl carbon of indomethacin has been studied as a function of applied magnetic field, and the observed bandshapes have been simulated. Variable‐temperature 1H relaxation measurements of static samples have revealed a T1ρ minimum for indomethacin at 17.8 °C. The associated activation energy is 38 kJ mol−1. The relevant motion is probably an internal rotation and it is suggested that this involves the COCH3 group. Since the two drug compounds are potential candidates for formulation in the amorphous state, we have examined quench‐cooled melts in detail by variable‐temperature 13C and 1H NMR. There is a change in slope for $T_{1}^{H}$ and $T_{1\rho}^{H}$ at the glass transition temperature (Tg) for indomethacin, but this occurs a few degrees below Tg for nifedipine, which is perhaps relevant to the lower real‐time stability of the amorphous form for the latter compound. Comparison of relaxation time data for the crystalline and amorphous forms of each compound reveals a greater difference for nifedipine than for indomethacin, which again probably relates to real‐time stabilities. Recrystallisation of the two drugs has been followed by proton bandshape measurements at higher temperatures. It is shown that, under the conditions of the experiments, recrystallisation of nifedipine can be detected already at 70 °C, whereas this does not occur until 110 °C for indomethacin. The effect of crushing the amorphous samples has been studied by 13C NMR; nifedipine recrystallises but indomethacin does not. The results were supported by DSC, powder XRD, FTIR and solution‐state NMR measurements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of GAS7 in childhood CNS tumors
Authors: Ebinger Martin , Senf Leonore , Wachowski Olga , Scheurlen Wolfram 
Published: August 2005

AbstractExpression of growth arrest‐specific (Gas) genes is observed during growth arrest in terminally differentiating cells during development of peripheral nerves. Gas7 is expressed predominantly in the brain and is required for neurite formation. Human GAS7 is located on chromosome 17p11.3 close to or within the putative breakpoint of isochromosome 17q (i(17q)) in medulloblastoma, indicating a potential role as a tumor suppressor gene, lost by formation of i(17q). However in the present study, the expression of GAS7 was detected in 20 of 29 childhood medulloblastoma samples regardless of the presence of i(17q). Therefore, GAS7 is not likely to be a tumor suppressor gene in medulloblastoma development. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.