bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping evidence-based interventions to the care of unaccompanied minor refugees using a group formulation approach
Authors: Dobler V. B. , Nestler Judith , Konzelmann Maren , Kennerley Helen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:How we adapt treatment algorithms to complex, clinically untested, difficult-to-engage patient groups without losing evidence base in everyday practice is a clinical challenge. Here we describe process and reasoning for fast, pragmatic, context-relevant and service-based adaptations of a group intervention for unaccompanied minor asylum seekers (UASC) arriving in Europe. We employed a distillation-matching model and deployment-focused process in a mixed-method, top-down (theory-driven) and bottom-up (participant-informed) approach. Prevalence of mental disorders amongst UASC is extremely high. They also represent a marginalised and hard-to-engage group with limited evidence for effective treatments.Method:Content and process adaptations followed four steps: (1) descriptive local group characterisation and theoretical formulation of problems; (2) initial adaptation of evidenced treatment, based on problem-to-component grid; (3) iterative adaptation using triangulated feedback; and (4) small-scale pilot evaluation.Results:Based on evidence and participant feedback, adaptations included minimising verbal demands, facilitating in-session inductive learning, fostering social connectedness via games, enhancing problem-solving skills, accounting for multi-traumatisation, uncertainty and deportation. Quantitative evaluation suggested improved feasibility, with increased attendance, low drop-out and symptom improvement on depression and trauma scores.Conclusions:By describing the principles under-pinning development of a group intervention for severely traumatised UASC, we contribute to the literature supporting dynamic adaptations of psychological interventions, without losing reference to evidence base. Complex and difficult-to-reach clinical groups are often those in most need of care, yet least researched and most affected by inequality of care. Pragmatic adaptations of proven programs are often necessary to increase feasibility.
Ancient and Modern: Digitising Manuscripts and Archives at Lincoln's Inn
Authors: Speight Dunstan , Rampling Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this article Dunstan Speight, Librarian of Lincoln's Inn, and Carolyn Rampling, Assistant Librarian, discuss the Inn's project to digitise Library manuscripts and documents from the Archives, explaining how the project has evolved over time and offering guidance based on their experience. Although not the bread and butter of law librarianship, digitisation projects are a feature of life for law librarians working with historic collections. The website and the documents digitised so far can be viewed at https://archives.lincolnsinn.org.uk/
AI in the Legal Sector – an Overview for Information Professionals
Authors: Murphy Jordan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIf there are any two letters that represent the zeitgeist of our profession, and indeed the world at large, they are A and I. AI, of course, stands for artificial intelligence, a subject that we've covered quite extensively in LIM, and are sure to continue to do so. One such article was in our Volume 22 Number 2 (Summer, 2022) issue and was penned by Jake Hearn, the assistant librarian at the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple and a member of the LIM Editorial Board. In this article Jordan Murphy, the Chair of the City Legal Information Group, reports from a presentation Jake gave to CLIG in April 2023 in which the views expressed in his original piece were updated and expanded.
Factors influencing subcanopy leaf and stolon exposure and associated absorption and translocation of herbicides in semidormant zoysiagrass
Authors: Craft Jordan M. , Godara Navdeep , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Askew Shawn D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTurfgrass managers are concerned about zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) injury from nonselective herbicide treatment during winter dormancy. Research was conducted to assess factors affecting spray penetration into semidormant ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass canopies and to evaluate absorption and translocation of [14C]glyphosate and [14C]glufosinate into green leaves and subtending stolons. Absorption of [14C]glyphosate and [14C]glufosinate was up to four times greater in stolons than in leaves. Zoysiagrass leaves treated with [14C]glufosinate had more rapid 14C absorption than those treated with [14C]glyphosate. More 14C translocated out of the treated area following [14C]glyphosate treatment compared with [14C]glufosinate and moved more readily from stolon to leaves than from leaves to stolon. When extended-range, flat-fan spray tips (XR) were positioned 61 cm above zoysiagrass, 73% and 11% of recovered colorant was extracted from dormant vegetation in the upper and lower canopy levels. Turbo TeeJet® spray tips (TTI) deposited fewer droplets into the upper canopy and more droplets into the middle and lower canopy regardless of position above the turf surface. Increasing pressure from 103 to 414 kPa increased droplet velocities from XR and TTI nozzles and decreased droplet diameters of XR nozzles. Droplet diameters were also substantially increased when using TTI nozzles compared with XR nozzles. Droplet diameter and associated mass were more determinant of turfgrass canopy penetration than droplet velocity. At 60 L ha−1 of carrier volume, 23% of colorant reached the lower canopy level, and this quantity increased by 2.3% per additional 100 L ha−1. When carrier volume was reduced from 584 to 60 L ha−1, 48% less colorant was delivered to the lower canopy level. Given that subcanopy stolons are always present and absorb more glyphosate and glufosinate than leaves, practices such as avoiding induction-type nozzles, raising spray height, and reducing spray volume can reduce herbicide delivery and potential injury to semidormant zoysiagrass.
Dynamics of the Tongue of Ionizations During the Geomagnetic Storm on 7 September 2015: The Altitudinal Dependences
Authors: Zhang Kedeng , Song Huimin , Wang Hui , Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Wan Xin , Wang Dedong , Jin Yaqi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing the electron density (Ne) observations from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and Constellation Observing Systems for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate mission and simulations from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model. we investigate the dynamic evolution of the polar tongue of ionization (TOI) from double to single structures at different altitudes during a geomagnetic storm. The modeled Ne depicted that double and single TOIs occurred at altitudes above 300 km, respectively. During the northward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz, the afternoon TOI disappeared and the morning TOI was reduced. The plasma transport due to neutral winds and ambipolar diffusion facilitated (prevented) the depletion of plasma density of the morning TOI at 300 (500) km, with a relative contribution of 42.8% and 28.6% (−15.4% and −76.9%), respectively. Downward E × B drifts led to an enhancement/reduction of plasma density in the storm enhanced density region in the lower/upper ionosphere. During the duskward turning of IMF By, the morning TOI could be mostly attributed to the anti‐sunward plasma drifts (75.8% at 300 km, 100% at 500 km), with a relatively stronger role of the zonal component than that of meridional E × B drifts. The upward E × B drifts were important/ignorable in the upper/lower ionosphere. Both the neutral winds and ambipolar diffusion resulted in an accumulation of plasma density of the morning TOI at 300 km indirectly (24.2%), however, their roles were minor at 500 km.
On the Dynamics of Ultrarelativistic Electrons (>2 MeV) Near L* = 3.5 During 8 June 2015
Authors: Hogan Benjamin , Li Xinlin , Xiang Zheng , Zhao Hong , Mei Yang , O’Brien Declan , Baker Daniel N. , Kanekal Shrikanth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnderstanding local loss processes in Earth’s radiation belts is critical to understanding their overall structure. Electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves can cause rapid loss of multi‐MeV electrons in the radiation belts. These loss effects have been observed at a range of L* values, recently as low as L* = 3.5. Here, we present a case study of an event where a local minimum develops in multi‐MeV electron phase space density (PSD) near L* = 3.5 and evaluate the possibility of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in contributing to the observed loss feature. Signatures of EMIC waves are shown including rapid local loss and pitch angle bite outs. Analysis of the wave power spectral density during the event shows EMIC wave occurrence at higher L* values. Using representative wave parameters, we calculate minimum resonant energies, diffusion coefficients, and simulate the evolution of electron PSD during this event. From these results, we find that O+ band EMIC waves could be contributing to the local loss feature during this event. O+ band EMIC waves are uncommon, but do occur in these L* ranges, and therefore may be a significant driver of radiation belt dynamics under certain preconditioning of the radiation belts.
Scaling Laws for Mixed Heated Convection With Pseudoplastic Rheology: Implications for the Bistability of Tectonic Mode
Authors: Ferrick Amy L. , Korenaga Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlate tectonics is a tectonic style thought to be the hallmark of habitable planets, and yet the inherent complexities of plate tectonic convection have clouded the establishment of simple scaling laws with which to model convective behavior and thermal evolution. We have recently developed a scaling approach for mixed heated convection, based upon several simple physical principles. Here, we generalize our scaling approach to mixed heated convection with pseudoplastic rheology, which gives rise to the plate tectonic mode of convection. We then apply our scaling results to the so‐called bistability of tectonic mode. By illustrating common pitfalls regarding heating mode and nondimensionalization, we demonstrate that tectonic mode is unique with respect to key planetary properties, and that a convective regime diagram for terrestrial planets is within reach.
The Cost of Imperfect Knowledge: How Epistemic Uncertainties Influence Flood Hazard Assessments
Authors: Balbi Mariano , Lallemant David C. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractClassical approaches to flood hazard are obtained by the concatenation of a recurrence model for the events (i.e., an extreme river discharge) and an inundation model that propagates the discharge into a flood extent. The classical approach, however, uses “best‐fit” models that do not include uncertainty from incomplete knowledge or limited data availability. The inclusion of these, so called epistemic uncertainties, can significantly impact flood hazard estimates and the corresponding decision‐making process. We propose a simulation approach to robustly account for uncertainty in model's parameters, while developing a useful probabilistic output of flood hazard for further risk assessments via the Bayesian predictive posterior distribution of water depths. A Peaks‐Over‐Threshold Bayesian analysis is performed for future events simulation, and a pseudo‐likelihood probabilistic approach for the calibration of the inundation model is used to compute uncertain water depths. The annual probability averaged over all possible models’ parameters is used to develop hazard maps that account for epistemic uncertainties. Results are compared to traditional hazard maps, showing that not including epistemic uncertainties can underestimate the hazard and lead to non‐conservative designs, and that this trend increases with return period. Results also show that the influence of the uncertainty in the future occurrence of discharge events is predominant over the inundation simulator uncertainties for the case study.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals mitochondrial pathways associated with distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes and stress response
Authors: Santos-Silva Thamyris , Hazar Ülgen Doğukan , Lopes Caio Fábio Baeta , Guimarães Francisco S. , Alberici Luciane Carla , Sandi Carmen , Gomes Felipe V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdolescent individuals exhibit great variability in cortical dynamics and behavioral outcomes. The developing adolescent brain is highly sensitive to social experiences and environmental insults, influencing how personality traits emerge. A distinct pattern of mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during adolescence underscores the essential role of mitochondria in brain maturation and the development of mental illnesses. Mitochondrial features in certain brain regions account for behavioral differences in adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes and the behavioral consequences of early adolescent stress exposure in rats are accompanied by changes in PFC mitochondria-related genes and mitochondria respiratory chain capacity. We performed a behavioral characterization during late adolescence (postnatal day, PND 47–50), including naïve animals and a group exposed to stress from PND 31–40 (10 days of footshock and 3 restraint sessions) by z-normalized data from three behavioral domains: anxiety (light–dark box tests), sociability (social interaction test) and cognition (novel-object recognition test). Employing principal component analysis, we identified three clusters: naïve with higher-behavioral z-score (HBZ), naïve with lower-behavioral z-score (LBZ), and stressed animals. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling unveiled differences in the expression of mitochondria-related genes in both naïve LBZ and stressed animals compared to naïve HBZ. Genes encoding subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes were significantly down-regulated in both naïve LBZ and stressed animals and positively correlated with behavioral z-score of phenotypes. Our network topology analysis of mitochondria-associated genes foundNdufa10andCox6a1genes as central identifiers for naïve LBZ and stressed animals, respectively. Through high-resolution respirometry analysis, we found that both naïve LBZ and stressed animals exhibited a reduced prefrontal phosphorylation capacity and redox dysregulation. Our findings identify an association between mitochondrial features and distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes while also underscoring the detrimental functional consequences of adolescent stress on the PFC.
TOFIMS mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics refines tumor antigen identification
Authors: Hoenisch Gravel Naomi , Nelde Annika , Bauer Jens , Mühlenbruch Lena , Schroeder Sarah M. , Neidert Marian C. , Scheid Jonas , Lemke Steffen , Dubbelaar Marissa L. , Wacker Marcel , Dengler Anna , Klein Reinhild , Mauz Paul-Stefan , Löwenheim Hubert , Hauri-Hohl Mathias , Martin Roland , Hennenlotter Jörg , Stenzl Arnulf , Heitmann Jonas S. , Salih Helmut R. , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Walz Juliane S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractT cell recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-presented tumor-associated peptides is central for cancer immune surveillance. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics represents the only unbiased method for the direct identification and characterization of naturally presented tumor-associated peptides, a key prerequisite for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. This study reports on the implementation of ion mobility separation-based time-of-flight (TOFIMS) MS for next-generation immunopeptidomics, enabling high-speed and sensitive detection of HLA-presented peptides. Applying TOFIMS-based immunopeptidomics, a novel extensive benignTOFIMS dataset was generated from 94 primary benign samples of solid tissue and hematological origin, which enabled the expansion of benign reference immunopeptidome databases with > 150,000 HLA-presented peptides, the refinement of previously described tumor antigens, as well as the identification of frequently presented self antigens and not yet described tumor antigens comprising low abundant mutation-derived neoepitopes that might serve as targets for future cancer immunotherapy development.
The burden of post-acute COVID-19 symptoms in a multinational network cohort analysis
Authors: Kostka Kristin , Roel Elena , Trinh Nhung T. H. , Mercadé-Besora Núria , Delmestri Antonella , Mateu Lourdes , Paredes Roger , Duarte-Salles Talita , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Català Martí , Jödicke Annika M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPersistent symptoms following the acute phase of COVID-19 present a major burden to both the affected and the wider community. We conducted a cohort study including over 856,840 first COVID-19 cases, 72,422 re-infections and more than 3.1 million first negative-test controls from primary care electronic health records from Spain and the UK (Sept 2020 to Jan 2022 (UK)/March 2022 (Spain)). We characterised post-acute COVID-19 symptoms and identified key symptoms associated with persistent disease. We estimated incidence rates of persisting symptoms in the general population and among COVID-19 patients over time. Subsequently, we investigated which WHO-listed symptoms were particularly differential by comparing their frequency in COVID-19 cases vs. matched test-negative controls. Lastly, we compared persistent symptoms after first infections vs. reinfections.Our study shows that the proportion of COVID-19 cases affected by persistent post-acute COVID-19 symptoms declined over the study period. Risk for altered smell/taste was consistently higher in patients with COVID-19 vs test-negative controls. Persistent symptoms were more common after reinfection than following a first infection. More research is needed into the definition of long COVID, and the effect of interventions to minimise the risk and impact of persistent symptoms.
Transposable element-initiated enhancer-like elements generate the subgenome-biased spike specificity of polyploid wheat
Authors: Xie Yilin , Ying Songbei , Li Zijuan , Zhang Yu’e , Zhu Jiafu , Zhang Jinyu , Wang Meiyue , Diao Huishan , Wang Haoyu , Zhang Yuyun , Ye Luhuan , Zhuang Yili , Zhao Fei , Teng Wan , Zhang Wenli , Tong Yiping , Cho Jungnam , Dong Zhicheng , Xue Yongbiao , Zhang Yijing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) comprise ~85% of the common wheat genome, which are highly diverse among subgenomes, possibly contribute to polyploid plasticity, but the causality is only assumed. Here, by integrating data from gene expression cap analysis and epigenome profiling via hidden Markov model in common wheat, we detect a large proportion of enhancer-like elements (ELEs) derived from TEs producing nascent noncoding transcripts, namely ELE-RNAs, which are well indicative of the regulatory activity of ELEs. Quantifying ELE-RNA transcriptome across typical developmental stages reveals that TE-initiated ELE-RNAs are mainly from RLG_famc7.3 specifically expanded in subgenome A. Acquisition of spike-specific transcription factor binding likely confers spike-specific expression of RLG_famc7.3-initiated ELE-RNAs. Knockdown of RLG_famc7.3-initiated ELE-RNAs resulted in global downregulation of spike-specific genes and abnormal spike development. These findings link TE expansion to regulatory specificity and polyploid developmental plasticity, highlighting the functional impact of TE-driven regulatory innovation on polyploid evolution.
Mutation of key signaling regulators of cerebrovascular development in vein of Galen malformations
Authors: Zhao Shujuan , Mekbib Kedous Y. , van der Ent Martijn A. , Allington Garrett , Prendergast Andrew , Chau Jocelyn E. , Smith Hannah , Shohfi John , Ocken Jack , Duran Daniel , Furey Charuta G. , Hao Le Thi , Duy Phan Q. , Reeves Benjamin C. , Zhang Junhui , Nelson-Williams Carol , Chen Di , Li Boyang , Nottoli Timothy , Bai Suxia , Rolle Myron , Zeng Xue , Dong Weilai , Fu Po-Ying , Wang Yung-Chun , Mane Shrikant , Piwowarczyk Paulina , Fehnel Katie Pricola , See Alfred Pokmeng , Iskandar Bermans J. , Aagaard-Kienitz Beverly , Moyer Quentin J. , Dennis Evan , Kiziltug Emre , Kundishora Adam J. , DeSpenza Tyrone , Greenberg Ana B. W. , Kidanemariam Seblewengel M. , Hale Andrew T. , Johnston James M. , Jackson Eric M. , Storm Phillip B. , Lang Shih-Shan , Butler William E. , Carter Bob S. , Chapman Paul , Stapleton Christopher J. , Patel Aman B. , Rodesch Georges , Smajda Stanislas , Berenstein Alejandro , Barak Tanyeri , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Zhao Hongyu , Moreno-De-Luca Andres , Proctor Mark R. , Smith Edward R. , Orbach Darren B. , Alper Seth L. , Nicoli Stefania , Boggon Titus J. , Lifton Richard P. , Gunel Murat , King Philip D. , Jin Sheng Chih , Kahle Kristopher T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (2042.5-fold, p = 4.79 x 10−7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (17.5-fold, p = 1.22 x 10−5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to regulate vascular development. Additional probands had damaging variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomic analysis defined developing endothelial cells as a likely spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant (Phe867Leu) exhibited disrupted developmental angiogenesis and impaired hierarchical development of arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only in the presence of a “second-hit” allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have implications for patients and their families.
The metabolic, virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of colonising Streptococcus pneumoniae shift after PCV13 introduction in urban Malawi
Authors: Obolski Uri , Swarthout Todd D. , Kalizang’oma Akuzike , Mwalukomo Thandie S. , Chan Jia Mun , Weight Caroline M. , Brown Comfort , Cave Rory , Cornick Jen , Kamng’ona Arox Wadson , Msefula Jacquline , Ercoli Giuseppe , Brown Jeremy S. , Lourenço José , Maiden Martin C. , French Neil , Gupta Sunetra , Heyderman Robert S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae causes substantial mortality among children under 5-years-old worldwide. Polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are highly effective at reducing vaccine serotype disease, but emergence of non-vaccine serotypes and persistent nasopharyngeal carriage threaten this success. We investigated the hypothesis that following vaccine, adapted pneumococcal genotypes emerge with the potential for vaccine escape. We genome sequenced 2804 penumococcal isolates, collected 4-8 years after introduction of PCV13 in Blantyre, Malawi. We developed a pipeline to cluster the pneumococcal population based on metabolic core genes into “Metabolic genotypes” (MTs). We show that S. pneumoniae population genetics are characterised by emergence of MTs with distinct virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. Preliminary in vitro and murine experiments revealed that representative isolates from emerging MTs differed in growth, haemolytic, epithelial infection, and murine colonisation characteristics. Our results suggest that in the context of PCV13 introduction, pneumococcal population dynamics had shifted, a phenomenon that could further undermine vaccine control and promote spread of AMR.