bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution array comparative genomic hybridization of chromosome arm 8q: Evaluation of genetic progression markers for prostate cancer
Authors: van Duin Mark , van Marion Ronald , Vissers Kees , Watson J. E. Vivienne , van Weerden Wytske M. , Schröder Fritz H. , Hop Wim C. J. , van der Kwast Theo H. , Collins Colin , van Dekken Herman 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCopy number increase of 8q has previously been shown to be associated with a poor clinical outcome and tumor recurrence in patients with prostate cancer. In this study, a detailed genomic analysis of 8q was performed of archival primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas (n = 22), and prostate cancer xenografts (n = 9), and cell lines (n = 3). We performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) using a whole chromosome arm contig array consisting of 702 8q‐specific BAC clones. Five regions of frequent copy number increase were identified, i.e. at chromosome bands 8q21.13 (81–82 Mb), 8q22.1 (94–96 Mb), 8q22.2–3 (101–103 Mb), 8q24.13 (124–126 Mb), and 8q24.21 (127–129 Mb), the most distal region containing the MYC oncogene. MYC and 13 genes of the other four regions with putative relevance to cancer were selected. Two additional genes were derived from high‐level amplifications detected by 8q aCGH analysis of prostate cancer xenograft PC339. Quantitative RT‐PCR of these 16 genes was performed in a series of 26 prostate specimens, including normal tissue (n = 5), fresh‐frozen adenocarcinoma (n = 7), cancer xenograft (n = 9), and cancer cell line material (n = 2). Three of the 16 genes were significantly overexpressed in cancer compared with that in normal prostate tissue, i.e. PDP, located at 8q22.1 (95 Mb), PABPC1 located at 8q22.3 (102 Mb), and KIAA0196 located at 8q24.13 (126 Mb). These genes can be considered putative progression markers for prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gain of a region on 7p22.3, containing MAD1L1, is the most frequent event in small‐cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Coe Bradley P. , Lee Eric H. L. , Chi Bryan , Girard Luc , Minna John D. , Gazdar Adi F. , Lam Stephen , MacAulay Calum , Lam Wan L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSmall‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive lung neoplasm, which accounts for 20% of yearly lung cancer cases. The lack of knowledge of the progenitor cell type for SCLC precludes the definition of a normal gene expression profile and has hampered the identification of gene expression changes, while the low resolution of conventional genomic screens such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and loss of heterozygosity analysis limit our ability to fine‐map genetic alterations. The recent advent of whole genome tiling path array CGH enables profiling of segmental DNA copy number gains and losses at a resolution 100 times that of conventional methods. Here we report the analysis of 14 SCLC cell lines and six matched normal B‐lymphocyte lines. We detected 7p22.3 copy number gain in 13 of the 14 SCLC lines and 0 of the 6 matched normal lines. In 4 of the 14 cell lines, this gain is present as a 350 kbp gene specific copy number gain centered at MAD1L1 (the human homologue of the yeast gene MAD1). Fluorescence in situ hybridization validated the array CGH finding. Intriguingly, MAD1L1 has been implicated to have tumor‐suppressing functions. Our data suggest a more complex role for this gene, as MAD1L1 is the most frequent copy number gain in SCLC cell lines. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(D,L‐lactic acid)‐block‐(ligand‐tethered poly(ethylene glycol)) copolymers as surface additives for promoting chondrocyte attachment and growth
Authors: Yu Guanhua , Ji Jian , Zhu Huiguang , Shen Jiacong 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe poly(D,L‐lactic acid)‐block‐(ligand‐tethered poly(ethylene glycol)) copolymer was explored to engineer poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PLA) material to promote chondrocyte attachment and growth. The poly(D,L‐lactic acid)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (PLE) was synthesized by a coupling reaction between PLA and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Mn 1000, 2000, and 4000 respectively), with the use of 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). Then the PLE was activated by methyl sulfonyl chloride and the amino acids or arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid tripeptide (RGD) was attached, which was verified by the ninhydrin‐UV method. The modified PLA films were simply prepared by blending PLA with PLE derivatives. ATR‐FTIR, XPS, contact angle, and AFM results clearly showed that the PEG chain stably enriched on the surface of PLE‐modified PLA films. The chondrocyte cytocompatibility test showed the modified PLA films could significantly improve chondrocyte attachment and proliferation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effect of off‐axis concentrated loading on failure of curved brittle layer structures
Authors: Qasim Tarek , Ford Christopher , Bush Mark B. , Hu Xiaozhi , Lawn Brian R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA study is made of the effects of superposed tangential force by off‐axis indentation loading on curved bilayers consisting of brittle shells filled with polymer support material. Such loadings are pertinent to all‐ceramic crown structures on tooth dentin in occlusal function. Layer flexure places the ceramic undersurfaces in tension, leading to fracture by initiation and propagation of radial cracks. Following an earlier study, model specimens with curved surfaces are prepared by pressing glass plates 1 mm thick onto steel spherical dies with radius of curvature 20 mm to 8 mm at elevated temperatures, and bonding the resultant hemispherical shells onto an epoxy support base. The specimens are tested by indentation with spheres loaded vertically but off‐center, with the contact center located at 30° to the hemisphere axis. The applied loads to initiate radial cracks are little affected by the resultant tangential component, but the loads to propagate the same cracks to the specimen edges are substantially reduced. Finite element calculations are used to evaluate stress states in the specimens for correlation with the experimental data. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Infinite classes of anti‐mitre and 5‐sparse Steiner triple systems
Authors: Fujiwara Yuichiro 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we present three constructions for anti‐mitre Steiner triple systems and a construction for 5‐sparse ones. The first construction for anti‐mitre STSs settles two of the four unsettled admissible residue classes modulo 18 and the second construction covers such a class modulo 36. The third construction generates many infinite classes of anti‐mitre STSs in the remaining possible orders. As a consequence of these three constructions we can construct anti‐mitre systems for at least 13/14 of the admissible orders. For 5‐sparse STS(υ), we give a construction for υ  ≡ 1, 19 (mod 54) and υ  ≠ 109. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 237–250, 2006
On isomorphic factorizations of circulant graphs
Authors: Alspach Brian , Dyer Danny , Kreher Donald L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe investigate the conjecture that every circulant graph X admits a k‐isofactorization for every k dividing |E(X)|. We obtain partial results with an emphasis on small values of k. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 406–414, 2006
Butorphanol dependence increases hippocampal κ‐opioid receptor gene expression
Authors: Tanaka Sachiko , Fan Lir‐Wan , Tien Lu‐Tai , Park Younjoo , Liu‐Chen Lee‐Yuan , Rockhold Robin William , Ho Ing Kang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractButorphanol is a synthetic opioid agonist/antagonist analgesic agent, which exerts its effects mainly via κ‐opioid receptors. Characterizations of the gene expression levels of the mRNA for and protein levels of the κ‐opioid receptor in different brain regions of rats are essential for investigating possible mechanisms in the development of physical dependence on and withdrawal from butorphanol. Animals were rendered dependent by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of butorphanol (26 nmol/μl/hr) via osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Rats were sacrificed immediately (dependent group) or 7 hr after discontinuation of i.c.v. butorphanol infusion (withdrawal group). Expression levels of the mRNA for the κ‐opioid receptor, as detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction followed by Southern blot analysis, were significantly increased in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and midbrain, including thalamus, hippocampus, and pons, in animals dependent on butorphanol. In both dependent and withdrawal groups, Western blot analysis of κ‐opioid receptor protein levels showed significant increases in the amygdaloid nucleus, paraventricular thalamus, and thalamus. However, in the withdrawal group, there were significant decreases in the hippocampus and cortical regions, including the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortex. Regional changes in the mRNA for and protein levels of the κ‐opioid receptor focus attention on highly special roles for this receptor in the development of physical dependence on and the expression of withdrawal from butorphanol dependence. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Biodegradable Amphiphilic Block Copolymers of ε‐Caprolactone and δ‐Valerolactone Catalyzed by Novel Aluminum Metal Complexes
Authors: Yang Jing , Jia Lin , Hao Qinghui , Li Yang , Li Qiaobo , Fang Qiang , Cao Amin 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: In our previous study [J. Yang, L. Jia, L. Yin, J. Yu, Z. Shi, Q. Fang, A. Cao, Macromol. Biosci. 2004, 4, 1092.], new biodegradable copolymers of diblock methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(δ‐valerolactone), and triblock poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(δ‐valerolactone)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(δ‐valero‐lactone) bearing narrow molecular weight distributions and well‐defined block architectures were reported to be prepared with our original aluminum metal complex templates. This work will continue to report new investigations on their water solubility, and reversible thermal responsive micellization and solution to gel transition in distilled water. Among the new synthesized copolymers (P1–P23), seven diblock or triblock samples (P3, P6, P7, P11, P12, P19, and P21) with higher hydrophilic building block populations were revealed to be water soluble under ambient temperature. By means of UV spectrophotometer attached with a thermostat, important parameters as critical micellization mass concentrations (CMCs) and critical micellization temperatures (CMTs) were characterized for these new amphiphile dilute aqueous solution with the aid of an lipophilic organic dye probe of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene (DPH). Furthermore, the critical gelation temperatures (CGTs) were simultaneously investigated for these water‐soluble block copolymers via a tube tilting method. It was found that the CMC, CMT, and CGT were strongly affected by the population and nature of the hydrophobic building blocks, and a higher hydrophobicity of the new amphiphilic block copolymer finally led to lower CMC and CMT, and higher CGT. In addition, the salts of KBr and NaCl were found to play as a salt‐out effect on the solution to gel transition for the diblock P6 and triblock P11, exhibiting an interesting tunable gelation temperature close to 35–42 °C. These results will pave new possibility for the synthesized block structural amphiphiles as potential biomaterials to be applied in vivo.Thermal responsive micellization and gelation of diblock MPEG‐b‐PCL/PVL and triblock PVL/PCL‐b‐PEG‐b‐PCL/PVL.magnified imageThermal responsive micellization and gelation of diblock MPEG‐b‐PCL/PVL and triblock PVL/PCL‐b‐PEG‐b‐PCL/PVL.
Isolation and Structure Determination of Complexed Poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoate) from Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Suzuki Yoshikatsu , Esumi Yasuaki , Koshino Hiroyuki , Doi Yoshiharu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSummary: Complexed poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoate)s (cPHAs), one of two types of natural PHAs, occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a complex with biomacromolecules and could be involved in various physiological functions. In this study, a cPHA‐component derived from a complex with calcium polyphosphate was isolated from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and determined to be a homopolymer composed of 3‐hydroxybutyrate. MALDI MS provided the number‐average molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm n}$ = 9 124 Da) and polydispersity index (PDI = 1.01), showing that beet cPHA has a slightly lower molecular mass than the known Escherichia coli cPHA. In addition, the structural analysis of both end groups showed that (i) 100 mol‐% of the carboxyl end is free, while about 30 mol‐% of the hydroxyl end is free and about 70 mol‐% masked and (ii) the end hydoxyl group is masked by at least six identified short‐chain alkanoic and alkanedioic acids. Based on such end‐group characteristics, the polymerization mechanism of beet cPHA is discussed.Chemical structures of beet cPHA.magnified imageChemical structures of beet cPHA.
Customer‐managed end‐to‐end lightpath provisioning
Authors: Wu Jing , Savoie Michel , Campbell Scott , Zhang Hanxi , Bochmann Gregor v. , Arnaud Bill St. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCustomer‐owned and managed optical networks bring new cost‐saving benefits. Two types of such networks are becoming widely used: metro dark fiber networks and long‐haul leased wavelength networks. Customers may invoke a special QoS mechanism where end‐to‐end (E2E) lightpaths are dynamically established across multiple independently managed customer domains. The cost of bandwidth is substantially reduced since it largely becomes a capital cost rather than an ongoing service charge. Customers can optimize the overall resource consumption by utilizing resources from different suppliers. Remote peering and transit reduce the Internet connectivity cost. Bandwidth and quality of service are guaranteed because customers directly peer with each other using transport networks. An architecture for a customer‐managed E2E lightpath provisioning system is presented. Integration with Grid applications is discussed and a prototype demonstration is described. Copyright © 2005 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of human umbilical vein endothelial cells applied to etoposide‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Bruneel Arnaud , Labas Valérie , Mailloux Agnès , Sharma Sanjiv , Royer Nicolas , Vinh Joëlle , Pernet Pascal , Vaubourdolle Michel , Baudin Bruno 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe have undertaken to continue the proteomic study of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the combination of 2‐DE, automated trypsin digestion, and PMF analysis after MALDI‐TOF MS and peptide sequencing using nano LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. The overall functional characterization of the 162 identified proteins from primary cultures of HUVECs confirms the metabolic capabilities of endothelium and illustrates various cellular functions more related to cell motility and angiogenesis, protein folding, anti‐oxidant defenses, signal transduction, proteasome pathway and resistance to apoptosis. In comparison with controls cells, the differential proteomic analysis of HUVECs treated by the pro‐apoptotic topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide further revealed the variation of eight proteins, namely, GRP78, GRP94, valosin‐containing protein, proteinase inhibitor 9, cofilin, 37‐kDa laminin receptor protein, bovine apolipoprotein, and tropomyosin. These data suggest that etoposide‐induced apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells results from the intricate involvement of multiple apoptosis processes including at least the mitochondrial and the ER stress pathways. The presented 2‐D pattern and protein database, as well as the data related to apoptosis of HUVECs, are available at http://www.huvec.com.
Fluorescence and photoisomerization studies of p‐nitrophenyl‐substituted ethenylindoles
Authors: Singh Anil K. , Hota Prasanta K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe synthesis, electronic absorption, fluorescence (λf, λex, Φf, τf) and photoisomerization (Φt→c, photostationary state composition) properties of 3‐(4‐nitrophenylethenyl‐E)‐NH‐indole (1), 3‐(4‐nitrophenylethenyl‐E)‐N‐ethylindole (2) and 3‐(4‐nitrophenyl ethenyl‐E)‐N‐benzenesulfonylindole (3) in organic solvents of varying polarity are reported. The absorption maximum of these compounds undergoes a moderate red shift with increasing solvent polarity. However, the fluorescence maximum becomes highly red shifted with increasing solvent polarity. Whereas 1 and 2 show broad fluorescence bands, 3 exhibits dual fluorescence. Further, 1 and 2 fluoresce much more efficiently than 3. Correlation of the Stokes shift with solvent polarity parameters such as Δf and ET(30) and excited‐state dipole moment indicate a highly polar excited state for 1–3. Time‐resolved fluorescence studies show that the fluorescence decays are single‐ and multi‐exponential type, depending on the solvent polarity. Further, 1 and 2 do not show photoisomerization on irradiation. However, 3 is photoactive and shows efficient photoisomerization in non‐polar heptane. The sensitivity (ρ) of the photoreaction is determined in various solvent in terms of the Hammett plot, which showed that the excited states involved are electron deficient in nature and consequently stabilized more by an electron sufficient polar solvent and electron donating substituent. These results led us to suggest the existence of three types of excited states, namely the locally excited state, the intramolecular charge‐transfer excited state and the conformationally relaxed intramolecular charge‐transfer excited state in the photoprocesses of these compounds. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ FTIR spectroscopic study of the recently detected low‐temperature‐induced structural changes in isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Khafagy Rasha M. , Badr Y. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of isotactic polypropylene showed that structural changes are induced at liquid nitrogen temperature, and start to show up in the FTIR spectra with heating from −196 to +200 °C. This structural change leads to the detection of an abnormal behavior in the MIR absorption spectra of the investigated sample. Lowering the temperature brought the chains closer together and so increased the interchain interaction. At −196 °C splitting of some regularity bands assigned to helical chains within the crystalline region was observed, showing that the regularity of the chains increases because of cooling. Heating the samples from liquid nitrogen temperature caused an opposite conformational disordering, which resulted in the appearance of several new broad bands in the ranges: 600–700, 1614–1640, and 3050–3550 cm−1. These structural changes might be due to both twisting and folding of the chains, which gave rise to bands assigned to the various bending modes of CH2 molecules, in addition to the rotational isomers (conformers) resulting from rotation of the vinyl and alkyne end groups. Moreover, our experimental study of the behavior of several regularity bands suggests that at temperatures in the vicinity of +120 °C another high temperature structural change resulting from the disordering of helical sequences in the noncrystalline region takes place. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of the thermally treated and an untreated sample were found to confirm the obtained results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2829–2842, 2005
Impedance spectra analysis of thermoresponsive poly(acryloyl‐L‐proline methyl ester) gel membrane in LiCl solution
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Asano Masaharu , Tsubokawa Norio , Maekawa Yasunari , Yamaki Tetsuya , Yoshida Masaru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractImpedance spectra analysis of a thermoresponsive poly(acryloyl‐L‐proline methyl ester) (poly(A‐ProOMe)) hydrogel membranes in an aqueous solution of LiCl was carried out using a simple equivalent model. The hydrogel membrane was synthesized by γ‐radiation‐induced polymerization and crosslinking of A‐ProOMe monomer aqueous solution in a glass‐cast. By means of the impedance spectra analysis, a novel method for the calculation of the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel membranes in LiCl solution was proposed. The calculated ionic conductivity was in agreement with the determined value. In addition, effects of temperature and LiCl concentration on the impedance spectra and ionic conductivity of the gel membrane were analyzed. Results indicated that the impedance spectra analysis is a very useful tool for evaluating the electric properties of gel membranes in an electrolyte solution. The poly (A‐ProOMe) gel membrane in 1.0 M LiCl solution showed a high ionic conductivity of about 0.2 S/cm at 14 °C. The temperature‐dependence of the ionic conductivity was a complex nonlinear form due to the volume phase transition of the thermoresponsive poly(A‐ProOMe) gel membrane, and the volume phase transition temperature appeared to be decreased with the increase in the LiCl concentration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2843–2851, 2005
NMR assignments of tryptophan residue in apo and holo LBD‐rVDR
Authors: Sicinska Wanda , Westler William M. , DeLuca Hector F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBinding sites in the full‐length, ligand‐binding domain of rat vitamin D receptor (LBD‐rVDR) for an active hormone derived from vitamin D (1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3) and three of its C‐2 substituted analogs were compared by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Specific residue labeled with [UL]‐15N2Trp allowed assignment of the side‐chain Hϵ1and Nε1resonances of the single tryptophan residue at position 282 in LBD‐rVDR. Comparison of1H[15N] Heteronuclear Single Quantum Correlation (HSQC) spectra of apo and holo LBD‐rVDR revealed that the position of the Trp282 Hε1and Nε1signals are sensitive to the presence of the ligand in the receptor cavity. Binding of the ligands to LBD‐rVDR results in a shift of both Trp Hε1and Nε1resonances to lower frequencies. The results indicate that the interaction between the ligands and Trp282 is not responsible for differences in calcemic activity observed in vitamin D analogs. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inerting of centrifuges for safe operation
Authors: Grossel Stanley S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMany centrifuging operations are hazardous because the feed slurries and wash liquors contains flammable liquids. In addition, ignition sources are frequently present. To avoid fires and explosions in centrifuges, purging is commonly applied before operation begins, and blanketing is done during operation, to lower the oxygen concentration below the limiting oxygen concentration of the flammable liquid. This communication discusses and describes the three commonly used inerting systems: monitoring by flow, monitoring by pressure, and monitoring by oxygen analysis. Details are given for each method, including schematic drawings and inerting procedures. General requirements for an effective centrifuge inerting system are discussed. Also, design considerations are presented for oxygen analyzer systems to avoid problems in their use. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005