bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Series of Quinoxaline Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Effectiveness Against Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Khatoon Hena , Abdul Malek Emilia , Faudzi Siti Munirah , Rukayadi Yaya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe pharmacological importance of quinoxaline derivatives in antibacterial research is well recognized. This study focuses on the synthesis of new 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline derivatives containing thioether/ether groups to explore their potential as potent antibacterial agents against various pathogenic bacteria. Most of the compounds exhibited significant antibacterial properties comparable to the standard drug chlorhexidine (CHX). The derivatives of 2‐chloro‐3‐(arylthiol)quinoxaline demonstrated efficacy against Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL. These derivatives also showed similar sensitivity to Bacillus pumilus. In addition, molecular docking simulations were performed to investigate the interaction between the synthesized compounds and the DNA gyrase protein (PDB ID: 1KZN), a target for antibiotics. Among the synthesized compounds, 2,3‐bis(3‐nitrophenoxy)quinoxaline exhibited the most favourable docking score of −8.36 kcal/mol, with a binding affinity comparable to that of the reference ligand clorobiocin (−9.3 kcal/mol).
Challenges and Strategies for Synthesizing High Performance Micro and Nanoscale High Entropy Oxide Materials
Authors: Zhang Liang , Jia Jiru , Yan Jianhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxide micro/nano materials (HEO MNMs) have shown broad application prospects and have become hot materials in recent years. This review comprehensively provides an overview of the latest developments and covers key aspects of HEO MNMs, by discussing design principles, computer‐aided structural design, synthesis challenges and strategies, as well as application areas. The analysis of the synthesis process includes the role of high‐throughput process in large‐scale synthesis of HEOs MNMs, along with the effects of temperature elevation and undercooling on the formation of HEO MNMs. Additionally, the article summarizes the application of high‐precision and in situ characterization devices in the field of HEO MNMs, offering robust support for related research. Finally, a brief introduction to the main applications of HEO MNMs is provided, emphasizing their key performances. This review offers valuable guidance for future research on HEO MNMs, outlining critical issues and challenges in the current field.
Deciphering the In Situ Reconstruction of Metal Phosphide/Nitride Dual Heterostructures for Robust Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Above 3 A cm−2
Authors: Liao Liling , Zhou Qian , Liu Feng , Ma Yuhua , Cheng Cheng , Huang Haiman , Yu Fang , Long Run , Zhou Haiqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral or alkaline electrolytes is appealing for sustainable hydrogen production driven by water splitting, but generally suffers from unsatisfied catalytic activities at high current densities owing to extra kinetic energy barriers required to generate protons through water dissociation. In response, here, a competitive Ni3N/Co3N/CoP electrocatalyst with multifunctional interfacial sites and multilevel interfaces, in which Ni3N/CoP performs as active sites to boost initial water dissociation and Co3N/CoP accelerates subsequent hydrogen adsorption process as confirmed by density functional theory calculations and in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, is reported. This hybrid catalyst possesses extraordinary HER activity in base, featured by extremely low overpotentials of 115 and 142 mV to afford 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, outperforming most ever‐reported metal phosphides‐based catalysts. This catalyst presents an ultrahigh current density of 3545 mA cm−2 by a factor of 4.96 relative to noble Pt/C catalysts (715 mA cm−2) at 0.2 V. Assembled with Fe(PO3)2/Ni2P anode, industrial‐level current densities of 500/1000 mA cm−2 at ultralow cell voltages of 1.62/1.66 V for overall water electrolysis with outstanding long‐term stability are actualized. More interestingly, this hybrid catalyst also performs well in acidic, neutral freshwater, and seawater requiring relatively low overpotentials of 140, 290, and 331 mV to reach 500 mA cm−2. Particularly, this catalyst can withstand electrochemical corrosion without obvious activity decay at the industrial‐level current densities for over 100 h in base. This work provides a cornerstone for the construction of advanced catalysts operated in different pH environments.
Comparative genomics points to tandem duplications of SAD gene clusters as drivers of increased α‐linolenic (ω‐3) content in S. hispanica seeds
Authors: Zare Tannaz , Paril Jeff F. , Barnett Emma M. , Kaur Parwinder , Appels Rudi , Ebert Berit , Roessner Ute , Fournier‐Level Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSalvia hispanica L. (chia) is a source of abundant ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω‐3‐PUFAs) that are highly beneficial to human health. The genomic basis for this accrued ω‐3‐PUFA content in this emerging crop was investigated through the assembly and comparative analysis of a chromosome‐level reference genome for S. hispanica. The highly contiguous 321.5‐Mbp genome assembly covering all six chromosomes enabled the identification of 32,922 protein‐coding genes. Two whole‐genome duplications (WGD) events were identified in the S. hispanica lineage. However, these WGD events could not be linked to the high α‐linolenic acid (ALA, ω‐3) accumulation in S. hispanica seeds based on phylogenomics. Instead, our analysis supports the hypothesis that evolutionary expansion through tandem duplications of specific lipid gene families, particularly the stearoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase (ShSAD) gene family, is the main driver of the abundance of ω‐3‐PUFAs in S. hispanica seeds. The insights gained from the genomic analysis of S. hispanica will help establish a molecular breeding target that can be leveraged through genome editing techniques to increase ω‐3 content in oil crops.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) Society abdominal and thoracic surgery recommendations: A systematic review and comparison of guidelines for perioperative and pharmacotherapy core items
Authors: Powers Bowen K. , Ponder Harley L. , Findley Rachelle , Wolfe Rachel , Patel Gourang P. , Parrish Richard H. ,   for the Enhanced Recovery Comparative Pharmacotherapy Collaborative
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWorldwide, ERAS® Society guidelines have ushered in a new era of perioperative care. The purpose of this systematic review is to compare published core elements and pharmacotherapy recommendations embedded within ERAS® Society abdominal and thoracic surgery (ATS) guidelines. Determining whether a consensus exists for pharmacological core items would make future guideline preparation for similar surgeries more standardized and could improve patient care by reducing unnecessary protocol variations.MethodsFrom the ERAS® Society website as of May 2023, 16 current ERAS® published ATS guidelines were included in the analysis to determine consensus and differing statements regarding each ERAS® perioperative and pharmacotherapy‐related item. The aims were to (a) determine whether a consensus for each item could be derived, (b) identify gaps in ERAS® protocol development, and (c) propose potential research directions for addressing the identified gaps in the literature.ResultsCore items with consensus included: preoperative smoking and alcohol cessation; avoiding bowel reparation and fasting; multimodal preanesthetic, perioperative analgesia, and postoperative nausea and vomiting regimens; low molecular weight heparins for in‐hospital and at‐home venous thromboembolism prophylaxis; antibiotic prophylaxis; skin preparation; goal‐directed perioperative fluid management with balanced crystalloids; perioperative nutrition care; ileus prevention with peripherally‐acting mu receptor antagonists; and glucose control.ConclusionWhile consensus was found for aspects of 21 current ERAS® guideline core items related to pharmacotherapy choice, details related to doses, regimen, timing of administration as well as unique aspects pertaining to specific surgeries remain to be researched and harmonized to promote guideline consistency and further optimize patient outcomes.
Total Gaussian Curvature
Authors: Pinkall Ulrich , Gross Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIf we know a plane curve $$\gamma \colon [a,b]\to \mathbb {R}^2$$
γ
:
[
a
,
b
]
→

ℝ

2

near its end points, we know its total curvature $$\int _a^b \kappa \,ds$$

∫

a

b

κ

d
s
up to an integer multiple of $$2\pi $$
2
π
.
Diseases of the Sella Turcica and Parasellar Region
Authors: Kucharczyk W. , Loevner L. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the anatomy in the regions of the sella turcica, suprasellar cistern, and cavernous sinus paired with clinical history and presentation is important for accurate image interpretation. Focused diagnosis of lesions in these regions requires identifying the anatomic location in which a lesion arises, evaluation of specific imaging findings inherent to the lesion as well as in the surrounding structures, and correlation with clinical presentation (symptoms and signs).It is important to determine whether a mass arises in the sella turcica versus the suprasellar cistern, and whether it involves both the sella turcica and suprasellar cistern.Imaging features of a sellar mass that should be assessed include:

Arising from or separate from the pituitary gland

Cystic degeneration

Size of the sella

Infundibulum involved

Stalk deviation

Relationship to chiasm

Edema optic pathways, hypothalamus

Cavernous sinus—internal carotid artery

Osseous remodeling, destruction
Problem Solving Disorders of CSF
Authors: Dobrocky Tomas , Rovira Àlex 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpontaneous Intracranial Hypotension (SIH)Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a debilitating medical condition, which is perpetuated by the continuous loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the level of the spine, and is the top differential diagnosis for patients presenting with orthostatic headache. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnostic work-up and monitoring SIH, as it provides objective data in the face of various clinical symptoms and very often a normal opening pressure on lumbar puncture. Brain MRI frequently demonstrates typical signs of CSF depletion and includes homogenous dural enhancement, venous distention, subdural collections, and brain sagging. Three types of CSF leaks may be distinguished: (1) ventral dural leaks due to microspurs, (2) leaking spinal nerve root cysts, (3) or direct CSF venous fistula. The quest for the leak may be the fabled search for the needle in the haystack, scrutinizing the entire spine for a dural breach often the size of pin. The main role of spine imaging is the correct classification and precise localization of CSF leaks. Precise localization of the CSF leak site is crucial to successful treatment, which is generally a targeted percutaneous epidural patch or surgical closure when conservative measures fail to provide long-term relief.Obstructive Hydrocephalus. Communicating Hydrocephalus. Normal Pressure HydrocephalusModern imaging techniques play an essential role for understanding of the anatomy of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces and ventricular system, as well as the hydrodynamics of CSF flow, and consequently in the assessment of the different types of hydrocephalus. Obstructive (non-communicating) hydrocephalus is a complex disorder resulting from an obstruction/blockage of the CSF circulation along one or more of the narrow apertures connecting the ventricles, being the most common type of hydrocephalus in children and young adults. On the other hand, communicating hydrocephalus is defined as a cerebrospinal fluid flow circulation abnormality outside the ventricular system that produces an increase in the ventricular size. Most cases are secondary to obstruction of CSF flow between the basal cisterns and brain convexity and include common conditions such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and meningitis (infectious and neoplastic). In a subset of communicating hydrocephalus, no CSF obstruction can be demonstrated as occurs in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), a complex entity with poorly understood cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. Neuroradiology plays an essential role in the diagnosis of hydrocephalus, and in distinguishing this condition from other causes of ventriculomegaly.
Dryland Social-Ecological Systems in Australia
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Chen Yongzhe , Wei Fangli , Xu Zhihong , Lu Nan , Lu Yihe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDryland social-ecological systems in Australia are characterized by a water-limited climate, vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems, advanced ecosystem management, and the highest average wealth. Dryland social-ecological systems in Australia have been facing the accelerated warming and rapid socioeconomic developments since the twenty-first century, including GDP increases and urban development, but with great diversity. Ecosystem structures and ecosystem services are highly influenced by extreme climate events. According to the number of extreme high daily precipitation events, droughts and floods have increased rapidly since the 1970s. Australia has achieved successful grazing, fire, biodiversity, and water resource management; climate change mitigation; and ecosystem management methods of community engagement. Non-indigenous population ageing is a social threat of dryland social-ecological systems in Australia in recent decades. The integration of policy makers, funding agencies, and the general public is essential for Australia’s dryland social-ecological systems.
Existence and regularity results for nonlinear elliptic equations in Orlicz spaces
Authors: Barletta Giuseppina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe are concerned with the existence and regularity of the solutions to the Dirichlet problem, for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations driven by a general differential operator, depending on $$(x,u,\nabla u)$$

(
x
,
u
,
∇
u
)

, and with a convective term f. The assumptions on the members of the equation are formulated in terms of Young’s functions, therefore we work in the Orlicz-Sobolev spaces. After establishing some auxiliary properties, that seem new in our context, we present two existence and two regularity results. We conclude with several examples.
Enhancing powder bed fusion of alumina ceramic material: a comprehensive study from powder tailoring to mechanical performance evaluation
Authors: Abdelmoula Mohamed , Küçüktürk Gökhan , Juste Enrique , Petit Fabrice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPowder bed fusion (PBF) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique that holds a great promise for alumina ceramic materials to be processed in a one step. To ensure an effective outcome, the powder material should be thoroughly tailored, and the process parameters should be appropriately investigated. These process parameters include laser power, scanning speed, hatching space, and scanning strategies. The alumina powder has been tailored and modified to be appropriately used for PBF using the spray-drying technique, and the process parameters have been predicted and selected using a developed numerical model. Different scanning speeds of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mm/s have been considered, and the other parameters have been numerically predicted. The results demonstrated that spray drying is an effective technique for tailoring the characteristics of alumina powder, such as particle shape, particle size distribution, flowability, and absorptivity, making it ideally suited for PBF processing. Furthermore, the developed numerical model demonstrated outstanding reliability in predicting the most effective laser power and hatching space for different scanning speeds, resulting in significant cost and time savings when compared to relying solely on experimental trials. Employing a scanning speed of 400 mm/s yielded a significant improvement in relative density and quality of the printed samples surpassing other scanning speeds. Moreover, this speed effectively addressed various challenges encountered by other scanning speeds. Following the optimization of process parameters, it was determined that a relative density of 94.5% could be achieved by utilizing a scanning speed of 400 mm/s, a laser power of 210 W, and a hatching space of 30 µm. However, the evaluation of mechanical performance revealed that while the microhardness of the printed alumina samples matched the values reported in the literature, the attained compressive strength fell significantly below the values reported in the literature.
Modular air–liquid interface aerosol exposure system (MALIES) to study toxicity of nanoparticle aerosols in 3D-cultured A549 cells in vitro
Authors: Küstner M. J. , Eckstein D. , Brauer D. , Mai P. , Hampl J. , Weise F. , Schuhmann B. , Hause G. , Glahn F. , Foth H. , Schober A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a novel lung aerosol exposure system named MALIES (modular air–liquid interface exposure system), which allows three-dimensional cultivation of lung epithelial cells in alveolar-like scaffolds (MatriGrids®) and exposure to nanoparticle aerosols. MALIES consists of multiple modular units for aerosol generation, and can be rapidly assembled and commissioned. The MALIES system was proven for its ability to reliably produce a dose-dependent toxicity in A549 cells using CuSO4 aerosol. Cytotoxic effects of BaSO4- and TiO2-nanoparticles were investigated using MALIES with the human lung tumor cell line A549 cultured at the air–liquid interface. Experiments with concentrations of up to 5.93 × 105 (BaSO4) and 1.49 × 106 (TiO2) particles/cm3, resulting in deposited masses of up to 26.6 and 74.0 µg/cm2 were performed using two identical aerosol exposure systems in two different laboratories. LDH, resazurin reduction and total glutathione were measured. A549 cells grown on MatriGrids® form a ZO-1- and E-Cadherin-positive epithelial barrier and produce mucin and surfactant protein. BaSO4-NP in a deposited mass of up to 26.6 µg/cm2 resulted in mild, reversible damage (~ 10% decrease in viability) to lung epithelium 24 h after exposure. TiO2-NP in a deposited mass of up to 74.0 µg/cm2 did not induce any cytotoxicity in A549 cells 24 h and 72 h after exposure, with the exception of a 1.7 fold increase in the low exposure group in laboratory 1. These results are consistent with previous studies showing no significant damage to lung epithelium by short-term treatment with low concentrations of nanoscale BaSO4 and TiO2 in in vitro experiments.
Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equations for Turbulent Flows in Critical Spaces
Authors: Agresti Antonio , Veraar Mark 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations on the d-dimensional torus with transport noise, which arise in the study of turbulent flows. Under very weak smoothness assumptions on the data we prove local well-posedness in the critical case $$\mathbb {B}^{d/q-1}_{q,p}$$

B

q
,
p

d
/
q
-
1

for $$q\in [2,2d)$$

q
∈
[
2
,
2
d
)

and p large enough. Moreover, we obtain new regularization results for solutions, and new blow-up criteria which can be seen as a stochastic version of the Serrin blow-up criteria. The latter is used to prove global well-posedness with high probability for small initial data in critical spaces in any dimensions $$d\geqslant 2$$

d
⩾
2

. Moreover, for $$d=2$$

d
=
2

, we obtain new global well-posedness results and regularization phenomena which unify and extend several earlier results.
Trend and Seasonality of Hip Fractures in Catalonia, Spain: Exploring the Influence of Climate
Authors: Surís Xavier , Rodríguez Clara , Llargués Esteve , Pueyo-Sánchez Maria J. , Larrosa Marta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo describe the secular trend and seasonality of the incidence of hip fracture (HF) and its relationship with climatic variables during the period 2010–2019 in Catalonia in people aged ≥ 65 years. The results were analyzed by sex, age groups (65–74, 75–84, and ≥ 85), and types of fracture (extracapsular and intracapsular). Data on sex, age, type of fracture, year, and month of hospitalization of patients admitted with a diagnosis of HF between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were collected. Crude and standardized HF incidence (HFi) rates were obtained. Data on the monthly mean of climatological variables (temperature, insolation, icy days, rain, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, and wind force) were obtained from the network of meteorological stations in Catalonia. Time series analytical statistics were used to identify trends and seasonality. Linear regression and a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) were used to analyze the relationship of each climatic parameter with fracture rates. In addition, generalized additive models were used to ascertain the best predictive model. The total number of HF episodes was 90,149 (74.1% in women and 25.9% in men). The total number of HFs increased by 6.4% between 2010 and 2019. The median age (SD) was 84.5 (7.14) and 54% of patients were ≥ 85 years of age. Extracapsular fractures were the most common (55%). The standardized incidence rates decreased from 728.1/100,000 (95% CI 738.6–769.3) to 624.5/100,000 (95% CI 648.7–677.0), which represents a decrease of 14.2% (p < 0.05). The decline was greater at older ages. There were seasonal variations, with higher incidences in autumn (27.2%) and winter (25.7%) and lower rates in summer (23.5%) and spring (23.6%). Seasonality was more pronounced in elderly people and men. In the bivariate regression analysis, high temperatures and greater insolation were negatively associated with the HF rate, while the number of icy days, rainy days, and high relative humidity were associated with a higher incidence of fractures in all age groups and sexes. In the regression analysis using the seasonal ARIMA model, only insolation had a consistently significant association with overall HFi, after adjusting by trend and other climatic parameters. While the global number of HFs grew in Catalonia due to increases in the elderly population, the standardized HF rate decreased during the years 2010–2019. There was a seasonal trend, with predominance in the cold months and correlations with climatic parameters, especially with insolation.