bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical method to examine the effects of carbon dioxide lasers on skin: A study using wrinkles induced in hairless mice
Authors: Fujimura Tsutomu , Takema Yoshinori , Moriwaki Shigeru , Tsukahara Kazue , Imokawa Genji , Yamada Akira , Imayama Syuhei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveInvestigation of the wrinkle smoothing process elicited by CO2 laser treatment is important for understanding the mechanism involved in their repair.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHairless mice with wrinkles induced in their dorsal skin by long‐term exposure to ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range of 290–320 nm were treated with a CO2 laser. By using this model, we investigated the external appearance, histologic changes, and the mechanical properties of the skin during the wrinkle repair.ResultsLaser treatment with an appropriate intensity caused wrinkles to smooth completely. In the healing process, reepithelialization and collagen tissue regeneration in the upper dermis was observed. However, marked changes in the skin were noted, such as increases in the collagen layer and in the skin thickness, and changes in the mechanical properties of the skin, despite the favorable external appearance.ConclusionsAn abnormal state characterized by excessive collagen regeneration and other changes in the dermis occur concomitantly with wrinkle smoothing. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:348–354, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in progression of mouse skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Papathoma Alexandra S. , Zoumpourlis Vassilis , Balmain Allan , Pintzas Alexander 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInvasion of malignant tumor cells is required for the formation of metastatic colonies. Uncontrolled expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 is a critical part of the invasive potential of tumor cells and is affected by the balance between the enzymes and the inhibitors secreted by the cell. Here we analyzed the expression and activity of the two gelatinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9) as well as the expression levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP2)‐, in different stages of carcinogenesis using mouse skin cell lines derived from tumors induced by chemical mutagens. Our results suggested that the expression of MMP‐9 was implicated in the progression to spindle cell carcinomas in mouse keratinocytes. MMP‐2 levels remained steady in all cell lines, whereas levels of TIMP‐2 were increased in normal and spindle cells. The AP‐1 DNA binding and transcriptional activity on the MMP‐9 promoter were increased in the malignant cell lines, indicating the requirement of this binding site for its activation. The results of this study clearly suggested the important role of MMP‐9, but not of MMP‐2, in the metastatic properties of mouse keratinocytes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits ultraviolet B–induced signal transduction
Authors: Chen Nanyue , Ma Wei‐Ya , Dong Zigang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInositol hexaphosphate (InsP6) has an effective anticancer action in many experimental models in vivo and in vitro. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is believed to be responsible for many of the carcinogenic effects related to sun exposure, and alteration in UVB‐induced signal transduction is associated with UVB‐induced carcinogenesis. Here we report the effects of InsP6 on UVB‐induced signal transduction. InsP6 strongly blocked UVB‐induced activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) and NF‐κB transcriptional activities in a dose‐dependent manner. InsP6 also suppressed UVB‐induced AP‐1 and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) DNA binding activities and inhibited UVB‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinases (Erks) and c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinases (JNKs). Phosphorylation of p38 kinases was not affected. InsP6 also blocked UVB‐induced phosphorylation of IκB‐α, which is known to result in the inhibition of NF‐κB transcriptional activity. InsP6 does not block UVB‐induced phosphotidylinositol‐3′ (PI‐3) kinase activity, suggesting that the inhibition of UVB‐induced AP‐1 and NF‐κB activities by InsP6 is not mediated through PI‐3 kinase. Because AP‐1 and NF‐κB are important nuclear transcription factors that are related to tumor promotion, our work suggests that InsP6 prevents UVB‐induced carcinogenesis by inhibiting AP‐1 and NF‐κB transcription activities. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encephalomyelitis with rigidity complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection
Authors: Lannuzel Annie , Hermann Cécile , Yousry Chérine , Lees Andrew , Caparros‐Lefebvre Dominique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 34‐year‐old man with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) presented with axial rigidity, painful spasms, and delayed hemiparesis and dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed no antiglutamic acid dehydrogenase antibodies but viral genome from Epstein‐Barr virus was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Clinical features and possible viral aetiology of progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity are briefly discussed.© 2001 Movement Disorder Society
Acute effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on clinical and kinematic parameters in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Carella F. , Genitrini S. , Bressanelli M. , Soliveri P. , Servello D. , Broggi G. , Piacentini S. , Geminiani G. , Girotti F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfter implantation with subthalamic stimulators, nine patients with advanced Parkinson's disease were studied on the task of tracing out, as accurately as possible, the four corners of a square with the dominant hand. The task was performed in four treatment conditions: on stimulation‐off medication, off stimulation‐off medication, off stimulation‐on medication, and on stimulation‐on medication. Movement times and peak velocities improved significantly only in the on stimulation‐on medication condition compared to off stimulation‐off medication. The improvement in clinical parameters with stimulation only (relative to off stimulation off medication) was of borderline significance, while consistent and significant clinical improvement was only obtained with addition of medication (on medication‐on stimulation). This study provides quantitative evidence of the effect of subthalamic stimulation on kinematic measures in Parkinson's disease (PD) and suggests that combined treatment (medication and stimulation) is superior to either treatment alone. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Intracortical inhibition is reduced in a patient with a lesion in the posterolateral thalamus
Authors: Münchau Alexander , Orth Michael , Rothwell John C. , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Oliviero Antonio , Profice Paolo , Tonali Pietro , Pramstaller Peter P. , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe describe a patient who developed a complex movement disorder following an ischemic lesion in the right posterolateral thalamus. Transcranial magnetic stimulation showed a shortening of the cortical silent period and deficient cortico‐cortical inhibition using paired magnetic pulses on the affected side, indicating reduced effectiveness of intracortical inhibitory mechanisms. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Video microsurgery: Early experience with an alternative operating magnification system
Authors: Southern S.J. , Ramakrishnan V. , Villofane O. , Watt D.A.L. , Sharpe D.T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSince Nylen first used an operating microscope in 1921, its basic design has remained fundamentally unchanged. Microsurgical procedures are still performed while viewing the subject through binocular eyepieces. This article examines the potential to perform microsurgery using video technology, operating with a television monitor. The development of the videomicroscope is discussed together with its early trials. The results show the potential to perform simple microsurgical procedures while viewing the procedure in a two‐dimensional format. The advantages and disadvantages of such a system are discussed, together with future implications. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:63–69 2001
Multiresolution grid algorithm in the SBR and its application to the RCS calculation
Authors: Suk Sungha , Seo Tae‐Il , Park Hae‐Sung , Kim Hyo‐Tae 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a fast algorithm to calculate the radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large targets using a shooting‐and‐bouncing rays (SBR) method. By applying multiresolution grid ray tubes, we accelerate the ray tracing in the SBR. The numerical results illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of our proposed algorithm. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 394–397, 2001.
STRAFI imaging of paramagnetic solids: 31P paramagnetic displacements
Authors: Randall Edward W. , Samoilenko Andrei A. , Fu Riqiang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne‐dimensional stray field (STRAFI) profiles of 31P in phantoms containing, variously, calcium hydroxyapatite, calcium orthophosphate and cobaltous phosphate octahydrate were obtained in a STRAFI field of 11.7 T on a 19.6 T magnet at 206 MHz. The intrinsic spatial resolution with the apatite and orthophosphate samples was about 100 mum. The profile of the image from the paramagnetic cobaltous sample was displaced to high field by 1.2 MHz. The spatial resolution for the cobalt component was degraded because of the large linewidth of ∼0.6 MHz. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rescue of infertile transgenic rat lines by intracytoplasmic injection of cryopreserved round spermatids
Authors: Hirabayashi Masumi , Kato Megumi , Aoto Toshihiro , Ueda Masatsugu , Hochi Shinichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransgenic male rats carrying human α‐lactalbumin with thymidine kinase gene (line name; LAC3) were found to be infertile due to expression of the transgene in the testes. Furthermore, it was not possible to maintain the line even by the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Therefore, round spermatids prepared from the LAC3 rats were microinjected into strontium‐activated oocytes using a Piezo‐driven micromanipulator. Of 263 oocytes microinjected with LAC3 spermatids, 244 (92.8%) survived the injection and 96 (39.3%) developed to the 2‐cell stage. Three viable offspring were born after transfer (1.4%, 3/219), and two offspring carried the LAC3 transgene. In the control experiment using spermatids of Wistar rats, similar proportions of post‐injection survival (91.3%, 241/264), cleavage (40.2%, 97/241), and development into offspring (0.5%, 1/206) were obtained. Thus, this paper reports not only the first rat offspring derived from round spermatid injection but also the practical application of the microinsemination technique to the rescue of transgenes of infertile transgenic male rats. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 62: 295–299, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RF inhomogeneity compensation in structural brain imaging
Authors: Deichmann R. , Good C.D. , Turner R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree‐dimensional T1‐weighted magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MP‐RAGE) sequences with centric phase encoding (PE) in the inner loop provide structural brain images with a high spatial resolution and high tissue contrast. A disadvantage of this sequence type is the susceptibility to inhomogeneities of the radiofrequency (RF) coil, which may result in poor image contrast in some peripheral regions. A special excitation pulse is presented which compensates for these effects in both the head/foot and anterior/posterior directions. This pulse has a duration of only 1.3 ms and is thus compatible with the short repetition times (TRs) required for MP‐RAGE imaging. It is shown experimentally that images acquired with the compensation pulse may be segmented without using intensity correction algorithms during data postprocessing. Magn Reson Med 47:398–402, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the developing mouse brain
Authors: Mori Susumu , Itoh Ryuta , Zhang Jiangyang , Kaufmann Walter E. , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Solaiyappan Meiyappan , Yarowsky Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt is shown that diffusion tensor MR imaging (DTI) can discretely delineate the microstructure of white matter and gray matter in embryonic and early postnatal mouse brains based on the existence and orientation of ordered structures. This order was found not only in white matter but also in the cortical plate and the periventricular zone, which are precursors of the cerebral cortex. This DTI‐based information could be used to accomplish the automated spatial definition of the cortical plate and various axonal tracts. The DTI studies also revealed a characteristic evolution of diffusion anisotropy in the cortex of the developing brain. This ability to detect changes in the organization of the brain during development will greatly enhance morphological studies of transgenic and knockout models of cortical dysfunction. Magn Reson Med 46:18–23, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of nonrepetitive phase‐encoding orders for first‐pass, 3D contrast‐enhanced MR angiography
Authors: Wilman Alan H. , Yep Timothy C.H. , Al‐Kwifi Osama 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this work, a detailed quantitative comparison was made of many alternative phase‐encoding strategies for first‐pass 3D MR angiography where each phase encode is only sampled once during the transient passage of contrast agent. A series of standard sequential and centric phase‐encoding orders including elliptical centric were tested, as well as a new order called elliptical sequential. The characteristics of the different phase‐encoding orders were tested using a computer simulation followed by experimental verification using a variable flip angle scheme. The characteristics to be considered included: arterial intensity, arterial‐to‐venous contrast, degree of artifact, and the blurring of the point‐spread function. By making use of a wide range of start times and a rapidly varying contrast curve, the quantitative results clearly indicate the widely varying merits of each phase‐encoding order. In general, when an optimal start time is used techniques that sample the low k‐space views most compactly will produce the best results; however, the same methods are more problematic when the bolus arrival time deviates substantially from that expected. Magn Reson Med 46:541–547, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Subcutaneous microdialysis in mitochondrial cytopathy
Authors: Damian Maxwell Simon , Sauter Wolfgang , Reichmann Heinz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present the results of subcutaneous microdialysis, a new minimally invasive biochemical monitoring technique, in mitochondrial cytopathy. We studied 6 ambulatory patients with mitochondrial cytopathy and 6 controls without mitochondrial disease using a subcutaneous probe for continuous microdialysis, and obtained measurements of lactate, pyruvate, and glucose from samples gathered at 30–60 min intervals during the day and at 3‐h intervals at night. The lactate:pyruvate ratio (LPR) was calculated and related to disease severity and metabolic stress. Microdialysis was well tolerated. Controls had stable lactate and pyruvate values in the normal range and a low LPR (average values between 0.0114 and 0.0145). Patients had widely fluctuating lactate and pyruvate values, a higher average LPR between 0.0187 and 0.0724, and marked diurnal variation, especially in the severely affected patients. Increases in the LPR coincided with metabolic stress in individual cases. We conclude that subcutaneous microdialysis is well tolerated and enables continuous metabolic monitoring of patients with mitochondrial cytopathy. It has particular potential for use in the identification of metabolic risk factors and may help to assess the impact of therapeutic regimens. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 648–653, 2001
Clinical utility of dorsal sural nerve conduction studies
Authors: Killian James M. , Foreman P. Jay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA technique of testing sensory nerve conduction of the dorsal sural nerve in the foot was used in 38 normal subjects and 70 patients with peripheral neuropathies. The normal dorsal sural sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) had a mean amplitude of 8.9 μV (range 5–15 μV), mean latency to negative peak of 4.0 ms (range 3.2–4.7 ms), and mean conduction velocity of 34.8 m/s (range 30–44 m/s). Optimal placement of the recording electrodes to obtain a maximal nerve action potential was proximal to digits 4 and 5. Cooling to below 25°C prolonged the latency but did not decrease the SNAP amplitude. Among the patients with peripheral neuropathy, dorsal sural SNAP was absent in 68 (97%), whereas only 54 (77%) showed abnormalities of sural sensory conduction. The diagnostic sensitivity of sensory nerve conduction studies in peripheral neuropathies may be significantly improved by the use of this technique for evaluating the action potential of the dorsal sural nerve. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 817–820, 2001
Features of the blink reflex in individuals at risk for Huntington's disease
Authors: de Tommaso Marina , Sciruicchio Vittorio , Spinelli Antonella , Specchio Nicola , Difruscolo Olimpia , Puca Francomichele , Specchio Luigi Maria 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe aim of the study was to correlate the features of the blink reflex (BR) with the genetic abnormalities and the clinical findings in patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and asymptomatic gene carriers. Twenty patients with HD and 20 relatives were studied. Mutation analysis was performed for the CAG expansion within the HD gene using HD 333–HD 447 as oligonucleotide primers. The BR was elicited transcutaneously by electrical stimulation of the right supraorbital nerve. The recovery curve of the R2 and R3 responses after a conditioning stimulus was evaluated. R2 latency and duration and R3 duration were significantly increased in HD patients and in presymptomatic carriers in comparison with controls; reduced R2 recovery was also clear in both HD and gene‐carrier relatives. In HD patients, the R2 latency increase correlated significantly with the severity of facial chorea. The R2 abnormalities are probably caused by impaired suprasegmental control by the basal ganglia over brainstem interneurons, which may precede the onset of involuntary movements, probably conditioning the severity of facial chorea during development of the disease.
© 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1520–1525, 2001
Dipolar source modeling of the P300 event‐related potential after somatosensory stimulation
Authors: Valeriani Massimiliano , Fraioli Lucia , Ranghi Francesca , Giaquinto Salvatore 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cerebral generators of the P300 potential evoked by somatosensory stimuli were investigated. Event‐related potentials elicited by an oddball paradigm were recorded in 15 healthy subjects by 19 scalp electrodes. Nontarget and target electric stimuli were delivered on the anterior surface of the left elbow and of the wrist, respectively. Target traces showed an N140 potential followed by a widely distributed P300 response. Dipolar source modeling of target traces resulted in a six‐dipole model. In the earlier latency range (up to 200 ms), one dipole in the contralateral perirolandic region and two dipoles in the parasylvian cortex of both hemispheres were activated. Two dipolar sources located bilaterally in the medial temporal region (MTR) showed their maximal activity at the P300 latency. Finally, a dipole in the contralateral frontal lobe was activated both at the latency of the N140 response and after 200 ms. It was found that two symmetrical MTR sources and a frontal dipole contributed to P300 generation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 24: 1677–1686, 2001
Numerical modelling of fluid flow in microscopic images of granular materials
Authors: Masad E. , Muhunthan B. , Crowe C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA program for the simulation of two‐dimensional (2‐D) fluid flow at the microstructural level of a saturated anisotropic granular medium is presented. The program provides a numerical solution to the complete set of Navier–Stokes equations without a priori assumptions on the viscous or convection components. This is especially suited for the simulation of the flow of fluids with different density and viscosity values and for a wide range of granular material porosity.The analytical solution for fluid flow in a simple microstructure of porous medium is used to verify the computer program. Subsequently, the flow field is computed within microscopic images of granular material that differ in porosity, particle size and particle shape. The computed flow fields are shown to follow certain paths depending on air void size and connectivity. The permeability tensor coefficients are derived from the flow fields, and their values are shown to compare well with laboratory experimental data on glass beads, Ottawa sand and silica sands. The directional distribution of permeability is expressed in a functional form and its anisotropy is quantified. Permeability anisotropy is found to be more pronounced in the silica sand medium that consists of elongated particles. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A polynomial algorithm for a constrained traveling salesman problem
Authors: Rubinstein J.H. , Thomas D.A. , Wormald N.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe give a polynomial‐time algorithm for finding a solution to the Traveling Salesman Problem when the points given are constrained to lie on a fixed set of smooth curves of finite length. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulated vnd expression is required for both neural and glial specification in Drosophila
Authors: Mellerick Dervla M. , Modica Victoria 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Drosophila embryonic CNS arises from the neuroectoderm, which is divided along the dorsal‐ventral axis into two halves by specialized mesectodermal cells at the ventral midline. The neuroectoderm is in turn divided into three longitudinal stripes—ventral, intermediate, and lateral. The ventral nervous system defective, or vnd, homeobox gene is expressed from cellularization throughout early neural development in ventral neuroectodermal cells, neuroblasts, and ganglion mother cells, and later in an unrelated pattern in neurons. Here, in the context of the dorsal‐ventral location of precursor cells, we reassess the vnd loss‐ and gain‐of‐function CNS phenotypes using cell specific markers. We find that over expression of vnd causes significantly more profound effects on CNS cell specification than vnd loss. The CNS defects seen in vnd mutants are partly caused by loss of progeny of ventral neuroblasts—the commissures are fused and the longitudinal connectives are aberrantly positioned close to the ventral midline. The commissural vnd phenotype is associated with defects in cells that arise from the mesectoderm, where the VUM neurons have pathfinding defects, the MP1 neurons are mis‐specified, and the midline glia are reduced in number. vnd over expression results in the mis‐specification of progeny arising from all regions of the neuroectoderm, including the ventral neuroblasts that normally express the gene. The CNS of embryos that over express vnd is highly disrupted, with weak longitudinal connectives that are placed too far from the ventral midline and severely reduced commissural formation. The commissural defects seen in vnd gain‐of‐function mutants correlate with midline glial defects, whereas the mislocalization of interneurons coincides with longitudinal glial mis‐specification. Thus, Drosophila neural and glial specification requires that vnd expression by tightly regulated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 50: 118–136, 2002; DOI 10.1002/neu.10022