bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of periodontal therapy on the severity of cyclosporin A‐induced gingival overgrowth
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Romano Federica , Debernardi Cesare 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of aetiological periodontal treatment in a group of transplant patients medicated with cyclosporin A (CsA) who exhibited severe gingival overgrowth.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐one patients received oral hygiene instructions, supra‐ and subgingival scaling and periodontal maintenance therapy and were monitored for 12 months. Full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), periodontal probing depth and degree of gingival overgrowth (Seymour index GO) were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months after treatment.Results: Statistical evaluation revealed that all clinical variables significantly decreased compared with baseline. At baseline 18 out of 21 treated patients (85.71%) exhibited clinically significant overgrowth. Initial GO score of 2.38±1.92 in the anterior sextants and of 1.29±1.59 in the posterior segments were reduced to 0.56±0.83 and to 0.45±0.84 at 12 months (p<0.001). A difference of 1.82 and 0.84 in the severity of treated GO was accompained by a 42% and 34% decrease in FMPS and FMBS, respectively.Conclusions: Aetiological periodontal treatment and regular maintenance therapy were effective in resolving the inflammation and in eliminating the need for surgical treatment in patients receiving CsA.
Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis
Authors: Cortelli Jose R. , Cortelli Sheila Cavalca , Jordan Shawn , Haraszthy V. I. , Zambon J. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: Previous studies suggest differences between geographically and racially distinct populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria as well as greater periodontal destruction associated with infection by highly leucotoxic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The present study examined these hypotheses in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis.Materials and Methods: Clinical, radiographical, and microbiological assessments were performed on 25 aggressive periodontitis and 178 chronic periodontitis patients including 71 males and 132 females, 15–69 years of age.Results: The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis was similar to that of other South American populations. The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans and its highly leucotoxic subgroup was higher in Brazilians. Highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans was more prevalent in aggressive periodontitis (χ2=27.83) and positively associated with deep pockets (>6 mm, χ2=18.26) and young age (<29 years, χ2=18.68). Greater mean attachment loss was found in subjects with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans than in subjects with minimally leucotoxic (p=0.0029) or subjects not infected (p=0.0001).Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis of differences between populations in the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and of greater attachment loss in sites infected with highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans. Detection of highly leucotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans in children and adolescents may be a useful marker for aggressive periodontitis.
The effect of quitting smoking on chronic periodontitis
Authors: Preshaw P. M. , Heasman L. , Stacey F. , Steen N. , McCracken G. I. , Heasman P. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate longitudinally the effect of smoking cessation on clinical and radiographic outcomes following non‐surgical treatment in smokers with chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: Forty‐nine smokers with chronic periodontitis who wished to quit smoking were recruited. Full‐mouth probing depths, bleeding and plaque data were recorded at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Clinical attachment levels were recorded at target sites and subtraction radiography was used to assess bone density changes. Patients received non‐surgical periodontal therapy during the first 3 months and supportive periodontal care over the remainder of the study. Smoking cessation counselling was provided according to individual need.Results: After 12 months, of patients with complete data, 10 had continuously quit smoking (20% of the original population), 10 continued smoking and six were oscillators (those patients who quit and then relapsed). There were no differences between the groups following treatment with respect to mean clinical or radiographic parameters. Analysis of probing depth reductions between baseline and month 12, however, and comparing quitters with the other two groups combined, demonstrated a significant difference in favour of quitters (p<0.05). Furthermore, quitters were significantly more likely to demonstrate probing depth reductions 2 and 3 mm than non‐quitters and oscillators (p<0.05).Conclusion: Quitting smoking has an additional beneficial effect in reducing probing depths following non‐surgical treatment over a 12‐month period.
Short‐term anti‐plaque effect of two chlorhexidine varnishes
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Wyn Iris , De Rouck Tim , Collys Kris , Bottenberg Peter , Matthijs Stefan , Moradi Sabzevar Mehran 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackground: Chlorhexidine (CHX) varnishes have been mainly used for the prevention of caries in high‐risk populations. Reports regarding their anti‐plaque effect on a clinical level are limited to non‐existing as opposed to their microbiological impact on plaque formation.Aim: The aim of this preliminary investigation was to evaluate the anti‐plaque effect of two CHX varnishes applied on sound enamel in relation to a positive control, a negative control and to one another.Methods: Sixteen healthy subjects volunteered for this randomized‐controlled, single‐blind, four‐treatment–four‐period crossover‐designed clinical trial. A 3‐day plaque re‐growth model was used to determine de novo plaque accumulation following CHX rinsing, Cervitec® application, EC40® application and no therapy. The amount of plaque was measured using the Quigley and Hein plaque index and “automatic image analysis” (AIA).Results and Conclusions: Varnish treatment resulted in significantly higher plaque levels than CHX rinsing irrespective of the varnish that was used (p0.002), implying that the latter is likely to remain the gold standard as an anti‐plaque agent. However, highly significant differences were also found in favour of both varnish systems when compared with no therapy (p<0.001), which indicates that varnish treatment is an effective means of inhibiting plaque formation in a short time span. Cervitec® exhibited slightly, yet significantly, higher plaque levels in comparison with EC40® as determined by AIA (p=0.006). Large‐scale trials with a longer observation period are necessary to substantiate these results.
Convergence theorems for a common fixed point of a finite family of nonself nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Chidume CE , Zegeye Habtu , Shahzad Naseer 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be a nonempty closed convex subset of a reflexive real Banach space "Equation missing" which has a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Assume that "Equation missing" is a sunny nonexpansive retract of "Equation missing" with "Equation missing" as the sunny nonexpansive retraction. Let "Equation missing", "Equation missing", be a family of nonexpansive mappings which are weakly inward. Assume that every nonempty closed bounded convex subset of "Equation missing" has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings. A strong convergence theorem is proved for a common fixed point of a family of nonexpansive mappings provided that "Equation missing", "Equation missing", satisfy some mild conditions.
Acute hepatic failure and multi-system organ failure secondary to replacement of the liver with metastatic melanoma
Authors: Kaplan Gilaad G , Medlicott Shaun , Culleton Bruce , Laupland Kevin B 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Metastatic malignant melanoma to the liver resulting in fulminant hepatic failure is a rare occurrence.

Case presentation
A 46 year old man presented to hospital with massive hepatomegaly, elevated liver enzymes and increased lactate three weeks following resection of a malignant melanoma from his shoulder (Clark level 5). Initially stable, he decompensated 24 to 48 hours subsequent to presentation with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, distributive shock requiring high dose vasopressor infusion, coagulopathy refractory to plasma infusion, progressive rise in liver enzymes and severe metabolic abnormalities including hyperkalemia, acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia. Refractory to aggressive physiologic support he received palliation. Autopsy revealed >80% liver infiltration by metastatic malignant melanoma.

Conclusion
We report a case of fulminant hepatic failure secondary to metastatic malignant melanoma infiltration of the liver.
The impact of a pharmacist-managed dosage form conversion service on ciprofloxacin usage at a major Canadian teaching hospital: a pre- and post-intervention study
Authors: Ho Bradley P , Lau Tim TY , Balen Robert M , Naumann Terryn L , Jewesson Peter J 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

Background
Despite cost containment efforts, parenteral (IV) ciprofloxacin appears to be overutilized at Vancouver General Hospital. In November 2003, the Pharmacist-managed intravenous to oral (IV-PO) Dosage Form Conversion Service was implemented, enabling autonomous pharmacist-initiated dosage form conversion for ciprofloxacin. This study evaluates characteristics of ciprofloxacin use prior to and following implementation of this conversion service.

Methods
This was a single-centre, two-phase (pre/post), unblinded study. Phase I occurred between November 12, 2002 and November 11, 2003 (365 days), and Phase II between November 12, 2003 and March 11, 2004 (120 days). All patients receiving ciprofloxacin IV during these periods were reviewed. The primary endpoint was IV:PO ciprofloxacin use ratio. Secondary endpoints were total number of ciprofloxacin doses, proportion of inappropriate IV ciprofloxacin doses, cost of therapy between phases, and estimated cost avoidance with the intervention.

Results
Two hundred ciprofloxacin IV treatment courses were evaluated (100 per phase). The IV:PO ciprofloxacin use ratio was 3.03 (Phase I) vs. 3.48 (Phase II). Total number of doses and ratio of IV to total doses across phases were similar (p = 0.2830). IV-PO ciprofloxacin conversion occurred in 27/100 (27%) of IV courses in Phase I and 23/100 (23%) in Phase II. Proportion of inappropriate ciprofloxacin IV doses decreased between Phases I and II (244/521 (47%) vs. 201/554 (36%) (p = 0.0005), respectively). Furthermore, the proportion of pharmacist-preventable inappropriate ciprofloxacin IV doses was reduced between Phases I and II (114/244 (47%) vs. 65/201 (32%) (p = 0.0026). Proportional cost avoidance associated with total inappropriate IV use was $7,172/$16,517 (43%) (in Canadian dollars) in Phase I vs. $6,012/$17,919 (34%) in Phase II (p = 0.001). Similarly, proportional cost avoidance associated with pharmacist-preventable inappropriate IV doses was reduced from $3,367/$16,517 (20%) in Phase I to $1,975/$17,919 (11%) in Phase II (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
While overall utilization of ciprofloxacin remained unchanged and the proportion of IV to total doses was stable during the study period, the proportion of inappropriate IV doses and its associated costs appear to have declined subsequent to implementation of a Pharmacist-managed IV-PO Dosage Form Conversion Service. Such a program may be a beneficial adjunct in facilitating appropriate and cost-effective usage of ciprofloxacin.
The basophil activation test by flow cytometry: recent developments in clinical studies, standardization and emerging perspectives
Authors: Boumiza Radhia , Debard Anne-Lise , Monneret Guillaume 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe diagnosis of immediate allergy is mainly based upon an evocative clinical history, positive skin tests (gold standard) and, if available, detection of specific IgE. In some complicated cases, functionalin vitrotests are necessary. The general concept of those tests is to mimicin vitrothe contact between allergens and circulating basophils. The first approach to basophil functional responses was the histamine release test but this has remained controversial due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity. During recent years an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that flow cytometry is a reliable tool for monitoring basophil activation upon allergen challenge by detecting surface expression of degranulation/activation markers (CD63 or CD203c). This article reviews the recent improvements to the basophil activation test made possible by flow cytometry, focusing on the use of anti-CRTH2/DP2antibodies for basophil recognition. On the basis of a new triple staining protocol, the basophil activation test has become a standardized tool forin vitrodiagnosis of immediate allergy. It is also suitable for pharmacological studies on non-purified human basophils. Multicenter studies are now required for its clinical assessment in large patient populations and to define the cut-off values for clinical decision-making.
The salivary microbiota as a diagnostic indicator of oral cancer: A descriptive, non-randomized study of cancer-free and oral squamous cell carcinoma subjects
Authors: Mager DL , Haffajee AD , Devlin PM , Norris CM , Posner MR , Goodson JM 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the salivary counts of 40 common oral bacteria in subjects with an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesion would differ from those found in cancer-free (OSCC-free) controls.MethodsUnstimulated saliva samples were collected from 229 OSCC-free and 45 OSCC subjects and evaluated for their content of 40 common oral bacteria using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. DNA counts per ml saliva were determined for each species, averaged across subjects in the 2 subject groups, and significance of differences between groups determined using the Mann-Whitney test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in detection of OSCC by levels of salivary organisms were computed and comparisons made separately between a non-matched group of 45 OSCC subjects and 229 controls and a group of 45 OSCC subjects and 45 controls matched by age, gender and smoking history.ResultsCounts of 3 of the 40 species tested,Capnocytophaga gingivalis,Prevotella melaninogenicaandStreptococcus mitis, were elevated in the saliva of individuals with OSCC (p < 0.001). When tested as diagnostic markers the 3 species were found to predict 80% of cancer cases (sensitivity) while excluding 83% of controls (specificity) in the non-matched group. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the matched group were 80% and 82% respectively.ConclusionHigh salivary counts ofC. gingivalis,P. melaninogenicaandS. mitismay be diagnostic indicators of OSCC.
Interventions to facilitate health workforce restructure
Authors: Duckett SJ 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
There are recognised shortages in most health professions in Australia. This is evidence that previous attempts at health workforce planning have failed. This paper argues that one reason for such failure is the lack of appropriate structures for health workforce planning. It also suggests that Australia needs to move beyond planning for particular professions and that health workforce planning needs to be based on identifying skill shortages as much as shortages in particular named professionals.
The paper proposes specific policy suggestions to facilitate workforce flexibility and health workforce planning in Australia.
Association between the TNFRII 196R allele and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Goëb Vincent , Dieudé Philippe , Vittecoq Olivier , Mejjad Othmane , Ménard Jean-François , Thomas Marlène , Gilbert Danièle , Boumier Patrick , Pouplin Sophie , Daragon Alain , Fardellone Patrice , Tron François , Cornélis François , Le Loët Xavier 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It binds to two receptors, namely TNF receptor (TNFR)I and TNFRII. Several studies have suggested an association between TNFRII 196R/R genotype and RA. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of the TNFRII 196R allele for RA diagnosis and prognosis in a cohort of patients with very early arthritis. We followed up a total of 278 patients recruited from the community, who had swelling of at least two joints that had persisted for longer than 4 weeks but had been evolving for less than 6 months, and who had not received disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or steroid therapy. At 2 years, patients were classified according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. All patients were genotyped with respect to TNFRII 196M/R polymorphism. Radiographs of hands and feet (read according to the modified Sharp method) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire were used to quantify structural and functional severity. The cohort of 278 patients was found to include 156 and 122 RA and non-RA patients, respectively. The TNFRII 196R allele was found to be associated with RA (P = 0.002). However, progression of radiographic severity and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores over 1 year did not differ between carriers of the 196R allele and noncarriers. Our findings suggest that the TNFRII 196R allele may be associated with RA diagnosis but that it does not predict early radiographic progression or functional severity in patients with very early, unclassified arthritis.
Analysis of the Macaca mulatta transcriptome and the sequence divergence between Macaca and human
Authors: Magness Charles L , Fellin P Campion , Thomas Matthew J , Korth Marcus J , Agy Michael B , Proll Sean C , Fitzgibbon Matthew , Scherer Christina A , Miner Douglas G , Katze Michael G , Iadonato Shawn P 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report the initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the Macaca mulatta transcriptome. Cloned sequences from 11 tissues, nine animals, and three species (M. mulatta, M. fascicularis, and M. nemestrina) were sampled, resulting in the generation of 48,642 sequence reads. These data represent an initial sampling of the putative rhesus orthologs for 6,216 human genes. Mean nucleotide diversity within M. mulatta and sequence divergence among M. fascicularis, M. nemestrina, and M. mulatta are also reported.
Domestic violence and its mental health correlates in Indian women
Authors: Kumar Shuba , Jeyaseelan Lakshmanan , Suresh Saradha , Ahuja Ramesh Chandra 
Published: June 2005

BackgroundDomestic spousal violence against women has far-reaching mental health implications.AimsTo determine the association of domestic spousal violence with poor mental health.MethodIn a household survey of rural, urban non-slum and urban slum areas from seven sites in India, the population of women aged 15–49 years was sampled using probability proportionate to size. The Self Report Questionnaire was used to assess mental health status and a structured questionnaire elicited spousal experiences of violence.ResultsOf 9938 women surveyed, 40% reported poor mental health. Logistic regression showed that women reporting ‘any violence’ – ‘slap’, ‘hit’, ‘kick’ or ‘beat’ (OR 2.2, 95% CI 2.0–2.5) – or ‘all violence’ – all of the four types of physically violent behaviour (OR 3.5, 95% CI 2.94–3.51) – were at increased risk of poor mental health.ConclusionsFindings indicate a strong association between domestic spousal violence and poor mental health, and underscore the need for appropriate interventions.
Persistence of Medical Change at Implementation of Clinical Guidelines on Medical Practice: A Controlled Study in a Cancer Network
Authors: Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Philip Thierry , de Laroche Guy , Froger Xavier , Suchaud Jean-Philippe , Voloch Alain , Mathieu-Daudé Hélène , Lurkin Antoine , Farsi Fadila , Bertrand Pierre , Chauvin Franck 
Published: June 2005

PurposeA cancer network of general or private hospitals of a French region was started in 1995 for improving quality of care and rationalizing medical prescriptions. The impact of implementing a clinical practice guidelines (CPG) project assessed conformity with guidelines in medical practice; significant changes were observed within the network, whereas no changes were observed in a control region without cancer network. In the present study, we evaluated the persistence of conformity to guidelines through a new medical audit.Patients and MethodsIn 1999, the hospitals of the previously compared experimental and control groups accepted to reassess the impact of CPG. A controlled transversal study was performed in the experimental group (cancer network) and in the control group (no regional cancer network). In 1996 (first audit) and in 1999 (present audit), all new patients with colon cancer (177 and 200 in experimental group and 118 and 100 in control group, respectively) and early breast cancer (444 and 381 in experimental group and 172 and 204 in control group, respectively) were selected.ResultsIn the experimental group, the compliance of medical decisions with CPG was significantly higher in 1999 than in 1996 for colon cancer (73%; 95% CI, 67% to 79% v 56%; 95% CI, 49% to 63%, respectively; P = .003) and similar for the two periods for breast cancer (36%; 95% CI, 31% to 41% v 40%; 95% CI, 35% to 44%, respectively; P = .24). In the control group, compliance was significantly higher in 1999 than in 1996 for colon cancer (67%; 95% CI, 58% to 76% v 38%; 95% CI, 29% to 47%, respectively; P < .001) and identical for the two periods for breast cancer (4%; 95% CI, 1% to 7% v 7%; 95% CI, 3% to 11%, respectively; P = .19).ConclusionThe CPG program for cancer management produced persistent changes in medical practice in our cancer network in terms of conformity with CPG.
Randomized Phase II Designs in Cancer Clinical Trials: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Lee J. Jack , Feng Lei 
Published: June 2005

Purpose Randomized phase II (RPh2) designs are popular in cancer clinical trials because of the smaller sample size requirements when multiple treatments are being evaluated. We reviewed the use of RPh2 designs and give comments on future directions. Design The trial design, statistical properties, conduct, data analysis, results, and reporting were examined in RPh2 trials reported from 1986 to 2002. Results A statistical design was reported in only 46% of the 266 cancer trials, and approximately half of those provided inadequate information. Most studies applied randomization to achieve patient comparability, while embedding a one-sample phase II design within each treatment arm. Seventy-five percent of the trials’ accruals were within ± 10% of their targets. The average accrual rate was 3.3 patients per month. Planned interim analyses were reported in 27% of the trials, and 56% of the trials were stopped early; 69%, 13%, 13%, and 4% of the trial discontinuations were because of lack of efficacy, efficacy, toxicity, and slow accrual, respectively. Thirty-nine trials (14%) recommended or started phase III evaluations, with four positive reports in six phase III studies identified. Conclusion There is a trend of increasing use of RPh2 designs in cancer research. Continued improvement in study design, conduct, analysis, and reporting is required to enhance the quality of RPh2 designs. The accrual rate and success rate of the trials remain low, and therefore, futility stopping rules to terminate ineffective treatment arm(s) should be implemented more frequently. More innovative, flexible RPh2 designs are needed to facilitate the development of effective cancer treatments.