bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African striped mice have relatively smaller brains in the food deprived dry season than in the wet season
Authors: Mulvey Jessica , Pillay Neville , Makuya Lindelani , Rödel Heiko G. , Schradin Carsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe ability to alter the mass of energetically consumptive organs in response to seasonal variation in nutritional access has been demonstrated in several species from temperate climates, but less so from other climate zones. We predicted that adult striped mice (Rhabdomys pumilio) from the Succulent Karoo semi-desert in South Africa have lower organ masses during the hot summer dry season with low food availability (n = 28) when compared to the food-rich wet season (n = 25) as a possible adaptation to reduced energy expenditure. Food availability in the wet season was more than twice than that of the dry season. Body mass was positively correlated with most organ masses considered, except for the spleen. Mandible length, as a non-plastic measure of body size, was positively correlated with the mass of heart and stomach. Relative to body mass and to mandible length, kidneys and the small intestine were heavier in the wet season than during the dry season in both sexes. Liver masses were greater in females (but smaller in males) during the wet season, possibly due to increased female reproductive investment during this season. Both sexes had relatively heavier brains (by 9.6% on average) during the wet season than during the dry season, which is the first indication of the Dehnel phenomenon in a rodent, in a subtropical climate, and in the southern hemisphere. Future studies will have to test whether this change in brain size is reversible. Having relatively smaller brains during the dry season could be a mechanism to reduce energy consumption. In conclusion, our study indicates that striped mice may save energy during the food restricted dry season by reducing energetically expensive organ masses, including brain mass.
Adult congenital heart disease care in a municipal public health system
Authors: Tinsay Maria Andrea Francesca M. , Halpern Dan G. , Feinberg Jodi L. , Vorsanger Matthew , Keller Norma , Small Adam J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpecialty care is associated with improved outcomes for adults with adult CHD and must be extended to the underserved. A retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the provision of care to adult CHD patients in America’s largest municipal public health system including patient demographics, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and adherence to guideline-recommended surveillance. We identified 229 adult CHD patients aged >18 years through electronic medical records. The most common diagnoses were atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and valvular pulmonary stenosis. In total, 65% had moderate or greater anatomic complexity. A large number of patients were uninsured (45%), non-white (96%), and non-English speaking (44%). One hundred forty-six patients (64%) presented with unrepaired primary defects. Fifty eight patients underwent primary repair during the study period; 48 of those repairs were surgical and 10 were transcatheter. Collaboration with an affiliated Comprehensive Care Center was utilised for 28% of patients. A high proportion of patients received adult CHD speciality visits (78%), echocardiograms (66%), and electrocardiograms (56%) at the guideline-recommended frequency throughout the study period. There was no significant difference in the rate of adherence to guideline-recommended surveillance based on insurance status, race/ethnicity, or primary language status. The proportion of patients who had guideline-recommended adult CHD visits, echocardiograms, and electrocardiograms was significantly lower for those with more advanced physiological stages. These results can inform the provision of adult CHD care in other public health system settings.
The Effects of Water Column Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on Lake Methane Emissions—Results From a Whole‐Lake Oxygenation Experiment
Authors: Pajala Gustav , Sawakuchi Henrique O. , Rudberg David , Schenk Jonathan , Sieczko Anna , Gålfalk Magnus , Seekell David , Sundgren Ingrid , Thanh Duc Nguyen , Karlsson Jan , Bastviken David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLakes contribute 9%–19% of global methane (CH4) emissions to the atmosphere. Dissolved molecular oxygen (DO) in lakes can inhibit the production of CH4 and promote CH4 oxidation. DO is therefore often considered an important regulator of CH4 emissions from lakes. Presence or absence of DO in the water above the sediments can affect CH4 production and emissions by (a) influencing if methane production can be fueled by the most reactive organic matter in the top sediment layer or rely on deeper and less degradable organic matter, and (b) enabling CH4 accumulation in deep waters and potentially large emissions upon water column turnover. However, the relative importance of these two DO effects on CH4 fluxes is still unclear. We assessed CH4 fluxes from two connected lake basins in northern boreal Sweden where one was experimentally oxygenated. Results showed no clear difference in summer CH4 emissions attributable to water column DO concentrations. Large amounts of CH4 accumulated in the anoxic hypolimnion of the reference basin but little of this may have been emitted because of incomplete mixing, and effective methane oxidation of stored CH4 reaching oxic water layers. Accordingly, ≤24% of the stored CH4 was likely emitted in the experimental lake. Overall, our results suggest that hypolimnetic DO and water column CH4 storage might have a smaller impact on CH4 emissions in boreal forest lakes than previous estimates, yet potential fluxes associated with water column turnover events remain a significant uncertainty in lake CH4 emission estimates.
Direct Observation of Rising‐Tone Chorus Triggered by Enhanced Solar Wind Pressure
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Gao Xinliang , Chen Rui , Lu Quanming , Ke Yangguang , Ma Jiuqi , Kong Zhenyu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChorus waves play a significant role in both electron precipitation and acceleration in Earth's radiation belts. Their generation includes the initial linear process and subsequent nonlinear process. After the amplitude of whistler‐mode waves reaches a sufficient value in the linear phase, the nonlinear process takes effect and results in the frequency chirping of chorus waves. Here we present the first report on the generation and intensification of rising‐tone chorus driven by two sudden increases of solar wind dynamic pressure observed by Van Allen Probes on 20 December 2015. First, whistler‐mode waves are excited by the anisotropic thermal electrons (∼10s keV), which is quite consistent with the linear theoretical expectation. Then, rising‐tone chorus waves are nonlinearly generated from the existing whistler‐mode waves, triggered by the first increase of solar wind dynamic pressure. Subsequently, the second increase of solar wind pressure further intensifies the rising‐tone chorus. Based on the nonlinear theoretical model and Ts04 magnetic field model, we demonstrate that the decreasing inhomogeneity of the background magnetic field due to the increasing solar wind dynamic pressure is the major cause to trigger rising tones, which essentially reduces the wave amplitude threshold of the nonlinear process. Our study emphasizes the significance of solar wind dynamic pressure in the Earth's radiation belts from a micro perspective.
PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons critically regulates striatal dopamine release via VMAT2 and synapsin III
Authors: Kim Hye Yun , Lee Jieun , Kim Hyun-Jin , Lee Byeong Eun , Jeong Jaewook , Cho Eun Jeong , Jang Hyun-Jun , Shin Kyeong Jin , Kim Min Ji , Chae Young Chan , Lee Seung Eun , Myung Kyungjae , Baik Ja-Hyun , Suh Pann-Ghill , Kim Jae-Ick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDopamine neurons are essential for voluntary movement, reward learning, and motivation, and their dysfunction is closely linked to various psychological and neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, understanding the detailed signaling mechanisms that functionally modulate dopamine neurons is crucial for the development of better therapeutic strategies against dopamine-related disorders. Phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is a key enzyme in intracellular signaling that regulates diverse neuronal functions in the brain. It was proposed that PLCγ1 is implicated in the development of dopaminergic neurons, while the physiological function of PLCγ1 remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated the physiological role of PLCγ1, one of the key effector enzymes in intracellular signaling, in regulating dopaminergic function in vivo. We found that cell type-specific deletion of PLCγ1 does not adversely affect the development and cellular morphology of midbrain dopamine neurons but does facilitate dopamine release from dopaminergic axon terminals in the striatum. The enhancement of dopamine release was accompanied by increased colocalization of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) at dopaminergic axon terminals. Notably, dopamine neuron-specific knockout of PLCγ1 also led to heightened expression and colocalization of synapsin III, which controls the trafficking of synaptic vesicles. Furthermore, the knockdown of VMAT2 and synapsin III in dopamine neurons resulted in a significant attenuation of dopamine release, while this attenuation was less severe in PLCγ1 cKO mice. Our findings suggest that PLCγ1 in dopamine neurons could critically modulate dopamine release at axon terminals by directly or indirectly interacting with synaptic machinery, including VMAT2 and synapsin III.
Circular RNA cFAM210A, degradable by HBx, inhibits HCC tumorigenesis by suppressing YBX1 transactivation
Authors: Yu Jian , Li Wen , Hou Guo-jun , Sun Da-peng , Yang Yuan , Yuan Sheng-xian , Dai Zhi-hui , Yin Hao-zan , Sun Shu-han , Huang Gang , Zhou Wei-ping , Yang Fu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHepatitis B protein x (HBx) has been reported to promote tumorigenesis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism awaits further investigation. In this study, we found that cFAM210A (a circular RNA derived from the third exon of transcript NM_001098801 of the FAM210A gene; CircBase ID: hsa_circ_0003979) can be silenced by HBx. cFAM210A expression was downregulated and negatively correlated with tumorigenesis in patients with HBV-related HCC. Furthermore, cFAM210A reduced the proliferation, stemness, and tumorigenicity of HCC cells. Mechanistically, HBx increased the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) level of cFAM210A by promoting the expression of RBM15 (an m6A methyltransferase), thus inducing the degradation of cFAM210A via the YTHDF2-HRSP12-RNase P/MRP pathway. cFAM210A bound to YBX1 and inhibited its phosphorylation, suppressing its transactivation function toward MET. These findings suggest the important role of circular RNAs in HBx-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and identify cFAM210A a potential target in the prevention and treatment of HBV-related HCC.
Ketohexokinase-dependent metabolism of cerebral endogenous fructose in microglia drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Li Yansong , Jiang Tao , Du Mengyu , He Shuxuan , Huang Ning , Cheng Bo , Yan Chaoying , Tang Wenxin , Gao Wei , Guo Hongyan , Li Qiao , Wang Qiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDementia, as an advanced diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), has become the second leading cause of death among diabetes patients. Given that little guidance is currently available to address the DACD process, it is imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms and screen out specific therapeutic targets. The excessive endogenous fructose produced under high glucose conditions can lead to metabolic syndrome and peripheral organ damage. Although generated by the brain, the role of endogenous fructose in the exacerbation of cognitive dysfunction is still unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive study on leptin receptor-deficient T2DM mice and their littermate m/m mice and revealed that 24-week-old db/db mice had cognitive dysfunction and excessive endogenous fructose metabolism in the hippocampus by multiomics analysis and further experimental validation. We found that the rate-limiting enzyme of fructose metabolism, ketohexokinase, is primarily localized in microglia. It is upregulated in the hippocampus of db/db mice, which enhances mitochondrial damage and reactive oxygen species production by promoting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression and mitochondrial translocation. Inhibiting fructose metabolism via ketohexokinase depletion reduces microglial activation, leading to the restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis, recovery of structural synaptic plasticity, improvement of CA1 pyramidal neuron electrophysiology and alleviation of cognitive dysfunction. Our findings demonstrated that enhanced endogenous fructose metabolism in microglia plays a dominant role in diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and could become a potential target for DACD.
Normalization of the tumor microenvironment by harnessing vascular and immune modulation to achieve enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Choi Yechan , Jung Keehoon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolid tumors are complex entities that actively shape their microenvironment to create a supportive environment for their own growth. Angiogenesis and immune suppression are two key characteristics of this tumor microenvironment. Despite attempts to deplete tumor blood vessels using antiangiogenic drugs, extensive vessel pruning has shown limited efficacy. Instead, a targeted approach involving the judicious use of drugs at specific time points can normalize the function and structure of tumor vessels, leading to improved outcomes when combined with other anticancer therapies. Additionally, normalizing the immune microenvironment by suppressing immunosuppressive cells and activating immunostimulatory cells has shown promise in suppressing tumor growth and improving overall survival. Based on these findings, many studies have been conducted to normalize each component of the tumor microenvironment, leading to the development of a variety of strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the concepts of vascular and immune normalization and discuss some of the strategies employed to achieve these goals.
Mitochondrial hypermetabolism precedes impaired autophagy and synaptic disorganization in App knock-in Alzheimer mouse models
Authors: Naia Luana , Shimozawa Makoto , Bereczki Erika , Li Xidan , Liu Jianping , Jiang Richeng , Giraud Romain , Leal Nuno Santos , Pinho Catarina Moreira , Berger Erik , Falk Victoria Lim , Dentoni Giacomo , Ankarcrona Maria , Nilsson Per 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAccumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a driver of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Amyloid precursor protein (App) knock-in mouse models recapitulate AD-associated Aβ pathology, allowing elucidation of downstream effects of Aβ accumulation and their temporal appearance upon disease progression. Here we have investigated the sequential onset of AD-like pathologies inAppNL-FandAppNL-G-Fknock-in mice by time-course transcriptome analysis of hippocampus, a region severely affected in AD. Strikingly, energy metabolism emerged as one of the most significantly altered pathways already at an early stage of pathology. Functional experiments in isolated mitochondria from hippocampus of bothAppNL-FandAppNL-G-Fmice confirmed an upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation driven by the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, IV and V, associated with higher susceptibility to oxidative damage and Ca2+-overload. Upon increasing pathologies, the brain shifts to a state of hypometabolism with reduced abundancy of mitochondria in presynaptic terminals. These late-stage mice also displayed enlarged presynaptic areas associated with abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicles and autophagosomes, the latter ultimately leading to local autophagy impairment in the synapses. In summary, we report that Aβ-induced pathways inAppknock-in mouse models recapitulate key pathologies observed in AD brain, and our data herein adds a comprehensive understanding of the pathologies including dysregulated metabolism and synapses and their timewise appearance to find new therapeutic approaches for AD.
Fossil evidence for a pharyngeal origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle
Authors: Brazeau Martin D. , Castiello Marco , El Fassi El Fehri Amin , Hamilton Louis , Ivanov Alexander O. , Johanson Zerina , Friedman Matt 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe origin of vertebrate paired appendages is one of the most investigated and debated examples of evolutionary novelty1–7. Paired appendages are widely considered as key innovations that enabled new opportunities for controlled swimming and gill ventilation and were prerequisites for the eventual transition from water to land. The past 150 years of debate8–10 has been shaped by two contentious theories4,5: the ventrolateral fin-fold hypothesis9,10 and the archipterygium hypothesis8. The latter proposes that fins and girdles evolved from an ancestral gill arch. Although studies in animal development have revived interest in this idea11–13, it is apparently unsupported by fossil evidence. Here we present palaeontological support for a pharyngeal basis for the vertebrate shoulder girdle. We use computed tomography scanning to reveal details of the braincase of Kolymaspis sibirica14, an Early Devonian placoderm fish from Siberia, that suggests a pharyngeal component of the shoulder. We combine these findings with refreshed comparative anatomy of placoderms and jawless outgroups to place the origin of the shoulder girdle on the sixth branchial arch. These findings provide a novel framework for understanding the origin of the pectoral girdle. Our evidence clarifies the location of the presumptive head–trunk interface in jawless fishes and explains the constraint on branchial arch number in gnathostomes15. The results revive a key aspect of the archipterygium hypothesis and help reconcile it with the ventrolateral fin-fold model.
Association between needle track bleeding and postoperative immediate pneumothorax in CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhou Shao-Quan , Luo Fang , Li Kang , Ran Xiong , Lv Fu-Rong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe relationship between Needle Track Bleeding (NTB) and the occurrence of postoperative immediate pneumothorax remains unclear. In our cross-sectional study, we conducted a retrospective collected of data from 674 consecutive patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous transthoracic lung biopsies between 2019 and 2022. A logistic regression model was employed to explore the association between NTB and postoperative immediate pneumothorax, and restricted cubic spline curves was used to investigate the link and its explicit curve shape. A sensitivity analysis was performed by transforming the continuous NTB into categorical variable and calculated an E-value. A total of 453 participants (47.90% male) were included in our analysis. The postoperative immediate pneumothorax rate was 41.05% (186/453). We found a negative correlation between NTB and postoperative immediate pneumothorax (OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.88–0.95) after adjusting for confounding factors. This relationship was nonlinear, with a key inflection point at NTB of 8 mm. No significant link was noted for NTB > 8 mm (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.95–1.02), while a protective association was observed for NTB ≤ 8 mm (OR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.66–0.81). NTB showed a nonlinear, protective correlation with postoperative immediate pneumothorax. However, when NTB exceeded 8 mm, the protective association was not observed.
Numerical analysis of pressure drop reduction of bubbly flows through hydrophobic microgrooved channels
Authors: Javaherchian Javane , Moosavi Ali , Tabatabaei Seyed Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDue to the high performance of hydrophobic surfaces in pressure drop reduction, they have been proposed for various applications. However, despite the extensive uses of two-phase flows in many industries, the effect of hydrophobic surfaces on the pressure drop reduction of two-phase flows has not been well understood yet. Thus, in the present study, by implementing the phase-field and finite element methods, the bubbly flows as an example of two-phase flows are considered for examining the effect of hydrophobic microgrooved microchannels on the pressure drop reduction of these regimes in the laminar state. We found out that hydrophobic microgrooved surfaces not only can be efficient in the bubbly flow but also can even cause a maximum pressure drop reduction of up to 70%, which is almost 3.5 times higher than in single-phase flow. We also studied the influence of each parameter, such as bubbles volume or length, Reynolds number, capillary number, and their combination on this phenomenon. The pressure drop reduction grows by increasing the volume of the bubbles but decreases by increasing the flow velocity or the surface tension coefficient. The combination of these parameters demonstrated different results in some circumstances.
Ultra-sensitive pressure sensing capabilities of defective one-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Aly Arafa H. , Mohamed B. A. , Al-Dossari M. , Mohamed D. , Awasthi S. K. , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPresent research work deals with the extremely sensitive pressure-sensing capabilities of defective one-dimensional photonic crystal structure (GaP/SiO2)N/Al2O3/(GaP/SiO2)N. The proposed structure is realized by putting a defective layer of material Al2O3 in the middle of a structure consisting of alternating layers of GaP and SiO2. The transfer matrix method has been employed to examine the transmission characteristics of the proposed defective one-dimensional photonic crystal in addition to MATLAB software. An external application of the hydrostatic pressure on the proposed structure is responsible for the change in the position and intensity of defect mode inside the photonic band gap of the structure due to pressure-dependent refractive index properties of the materials being used in the design of the sructure. Additionally, the dependence of the transmission properties of the structure on other parameters like incident angle and defect layer thickness has also studied. The theoretical obtained numeric values of the quality factor and sensitivity are 17,870 and 72 nm/GPa respectively. These results are enough to support our claim that the present design can be used as an ultra-sensitive pressure sensor.