bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling
Authors: Cheng Lin , Xia Fan , Li Ziyan , Shen Chenglong , Yang Zhiqian , Hou Hanlin , Sun Suyue , Feng Yuying , Yong Xihao , Tian Xiaowen , Qin Hongxi , Yan Wei , Shao Zhenhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
Morphological Classification of Pituitary Tumors With Suprasellar Extension
Authors: Sarkar Sauradeep , Corrales C. Eduardo , Laws Edward R. , Smith Timothy R. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to study the association among various morphological parameters and surgical outcomes in pituitary macroadenomas with suprasellar extension.

METHODS:
MRI studies of 160 patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas with suprasellar extension were reviewed. In the coronal plane, tumors were classified into Type 1 (dome-shaped, no constriction at the level of diaphragma sellae) and Type 2 (dumbbell-shaped, with constriction at the level of diaphragma sellae). Based on the dome-to-neck ratio (D/Nr), Type 2 tumors were further classified as Type 2A (wide neck; D/Nr >1 and <1.3) and Type 2B (narrow neck; D/Nr ≥1.3). Surgical outcomes and complications were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Overall extent of resection (EOR) and presence of residual sellar-suprasellar tumor was separately assessed in all patients with available postoperative MRI (n = 149).

RESULTS:
There were 108 Type 1 tumors and 26 patients each in the Type 2A and Type 2B subgroups. Tumor subtype was significantly associated with tumor size (P < .001), intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (P < .001), EOR (P < .001), postoperative suprasellar residual tumor (P < .001), and postoperative complications, including diabetes insipidus (P = .005) and visual worsening (P = .003). On multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounders, Type 2B tumors were negatively associated with EOR (odds ratio [OR] 0.22; 95% CI 0.07-0.68; P = .008) and associated with the presence of postoperative suprasellar residual tumor (OR 18.08; 95% CI 5.20-62.89; P < .001), intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (OR 5.33; 95% CI 1.89-14.99; P = .002), and postoperative diabetes insipidus (OR 4.89; 95% CI 1.67-14.35; P < .001).

CONCLUSION:
Preoperative tumor classification based on D/Nr is clinically and surgically relevant, and Type 2B macroadenomas are significantly associated with lower rates of gross total resection and higher rates of postoperative complications after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection.
Challenging Cortical Explorations in Difficult-to-Localize Seizures: The Rationale and Usefulness of Perisylvian Paralimbic Explorations With Orthogonal Stereoelectroencephalography Depth Electrodes
Authors: Aung Thandar , Mallela Arka , Ho Jonathan , Tang Lilly W. , Abou-Al-Shaar Hussam , Gonzalez Martinez Jorge 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive monitoring method designed to define and localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and explore the putative network responsible for the electroclinical seizures using anatomo-functional-electroclinical correlations. When indicated by semiology in selected patients, exploration of both limbic and paralimbic (PL) regions is indispensable. However, the PL cortex is located in deep and highly vascularized areas in proximity to the anterior Sylvian fissure and middle cerebral artery branches. Thus, those explorations are considered surgically challenging because of the multilobar location and fear of hemorrhagic events. Here, we discuss and illustrate the rationale and SEEG methodology approach in usefulness of exploring the PL regions using standard orthogonal SEEG depth electrode trajectories with the Talariach reference system.

METHODS:
We retrospectively studied PL exploration from a cohort of 71 consecutive SEEG procedures from Nov 2019 to Nov 2022 and identified 31 patients who underwent PL trajectories.

RESULTS:
In 31 patients, there were 32 SEEG trajectories, and no major complications were observed. PL electrodes were consistently implanted in the C10/D10 coordinates of the Talariach reference coordinates. The most common confirmed EZ in our cohort was mesio-temporal (45%), followed by temporo-perisylvian regions (16%), ventromedial frontal (13%), and mesio-lateral temporal regions (13%). The PL contacts were involved in the EZ in 10 patients (32%). Of 31 patients, 25 underwent resective surgery, and 19 obtained Engel 1 outcome with a mean follow-up of 25 months (range 12-41 months) after surgery.

CONCLUSION:
The orthogonal perisylvian PL trajectories are feasible and useful in sampling multiple PL regions with single-electrode trajectories. In patients with perisylvian seizures, sampling PL structures may contribute to an improved understanding of seizure propagation and the optimal anatomic demarcation of the EZs in this surgically challenging region.
Honey bee colonies change their foraging decisions after in-hive experiences with unsuitable pollen
Authors: Lajad Rocío , Arenas Andrés 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Pollen is the protein resource for Apis mellifera and its selection affects colony development and productivity. Honey bee foragers mainly lose their capacity to digest pollen, so we expect that those pollen constituents that can only be evaluated after ingestion will not influence their initial foraging preferences at food sources. We predicted that pollen composition may be evaluated in a delayed manner within the nest, for example, through the effects that the pollen causes on the colony according to its suitability after being used by in-hive bees. To address whether pollen foraging is mediated by in-hive experiences, we conducted dual-choice experiments to test the avoidance of pollen adulterated with amygdalin, a deterrent that causes post-ingestion malaise. In addition, we recorded pollen selection in colonies foraging in the field after being supplied or not with amygdalin-adulterated pollen from one of the dominant flowering plants (Diplotaxis tenuifolia). Dual-choice experiments revealed that foragers did not avoid adulterated pollens at the foraging site; however, they avoided pollen that had been offered adulterated within the nest on the previous days. In field experiments, pollen samples from colonies supplied with amygdalin-adulterated pollen were more diverse than controls, suggesting that pollen foraging was biased towards novel sources. Our findings support the hypothesis that pollen assessment relies on in-hive experiences mediated by pollen that causes post-ingestive malaise.
Thermal constraints on exercise and metabolic performance do not explain the use of dormancy as an overwintering strategy in the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus)
Authors: Rowsey Lauren E. , Reeve Connor , Savoy Tyler , Speers-Roesch Ben 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Winter cold slows ectotherm physiology, potentially constraining activities and ecological opportunities at poleward latitudes. Yet, many fishes are winter-active, facilitated by thermal compensation that improves cold performance. Conversely, winter-dormant fishes (e.g. cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus) become inactive and non-feeding overwinter. Why are certain fishes winter-dormant? We hypothesized that winter dormancy is an adaptive behavioural response arising in poleward species that tolerate severe, uncompensated constraints of cold on their physiological performance. We predicted that below their dormancy threshold of 7­–8°C, exercise and metabolic performance of cunner are greatly decreased, even after acclimation (i.e. shows above-normal, uncompensated thermal sensitivity, Q10&gt;1–3). We measured multiple key performance metrics (e.g. C-start maximum velocity, chase swimming speed, aerobic scope) in cunner after acute exposure to 26–2°C (3°C intervals using 14°C-acclimated fish) or acclimation (5–8 weeks) to 14–2°C (3°C intervals bracketing the dormancy threshold). Performance declined with cooling, and the acute Q10 of all six performance rate metrics was significantly greater below the dormancy threshold temperature (Q10,acute8–2°C=1.5–4.9, mean=3.3) than above (Q10,acute14–8°C=1.1–1.9, mean=1.5), inferring a cold constraint. However, 2°C acclimation (temporally more relevant to seasonal cooling) improved performance, abolishing the acute constraint (Q10,acclimated8–2°C=1.4–3.0, mean=2.0; also cf. Q10,acclimated14–8°C=1.2–2.9, mean=1.7). Thus, dormant cunner show partial cold-compensation of exercise and metabolic performance, similar to winter-active species. However, responsiveness to C-start stimuli was greatly cold-constrained even following acclimation, suggesting dormancy involves sensory limitation. Thermal constraints on metabolic and exercise physiology are not significant drivers of winter dormancy in cunner. In fact, compensatory plasticity at frigid temperatures is retained even in a dormant fish.
Dynamic Courier Capacity Acquisition in Rapid Delivery Systems: A Deep Q-Learning Approach
Authors: Auad Ramon , Erera Alan , Savelsbergh Martin 
Published: December 2023

With the recent boom of the gig economy, urban delivery systems have experienced substantial demand growth. In such systems, orders are delivered to customers from local distribution points respecting a delivery time promise. An important example is a restaurant meal delivery system, where delivery times are expected to be minutes after an order is placed. The system serves orders by making use of couriers that continuously perform pickups and deliveries. Operating such a rapid delivery system is very challenging, primarily because of the high service expectations and the considerable uncertainty in both demand and delivery capacity. Delivery providers typically plan courier shifts for an operating period based on a demand forecast. However, because of the high demand volatility, it may at times during the operating period be necessary to adjust and dynamically add couriers. We study the problem of dynamically adding courier capacity in a rapid delivery system and propose a deep reinforcement-learning approach to obtain a policy that balances the cost of adding couriers and the cost-of-service quality degradation because of insufficient delivery capacity. Specifically, we seek to ensure that a high fraction of orders is delivered on time with a small number of courier hours. A computational study in the meal delivery space shows that a learned policy outperforms policies representing current practice and demonstrates the potential of deep learning for solving operational problems in highly stochastic logistic settings. History: This paper has been accepted for the Transportation Science Special Issue on Machine-Learning Methods and Applications in Large-Scale Route Planning Problems. Funding: This work was supported by Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo [72180404]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0042 .
Implementation and evaluation of visitation procedures for patients hospitalised with COVID-19
Authors: Lopez-Picazo Julio J , Vidal-Abarca Inmaculada , Marin Juana M , García-Vázquez Elisa , López-Ibáñez Mercedes 
Published: December 2023

Background/Aims Visits from loved ones can be highly beneficial to the wellbeing of hospital inpatients, but this can be difficult to facilitate if the patient has a highly contagious disease such as COVID-19. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to implement and evaluate a set of visitation procedures for patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Methods A set of visitation procedures was developed by a panel of professionals from a range of healthcare disciplines, then implemented in a hospital in Spain. The procedures established three types of visitation options: virtual visits, short-term in-person visits and long-term in-person visits. Patients and visitors were asked to rate their likelihood of recommending their visitation method to a family member or colleague on a scale of 1–10, with results used to generate a net promoter score. Participants were also asked for qualitative information on what they would improve about the visitation procedures. Results A total of 20 patients and 51 visitors took part in the study. Among patient participants, the net promoter score was 90/100, with an individual score range of 8–10, indicating high satisfaction. Among visitors, individual scores ranged from 0–10, with a net promoter score of 41/100. There was little difference in scores between those who experienced a virtual and in-person visit. Suggestions for improvement included increasing the frequency of visits and providing technological support for virtual visits. Conclusions The visitation procedures used in this study could serve as a useful basis for other hospitals looking to implement safe visiting policies for patients with highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Comparing the reliability of the Goniometer Pro application and flexicurve for measuring thoracic kyphosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Pakeloğlu Ayşen Canan , Koç Meltem , Yılmaz Aydan Selen , Bayar Banu , Bayar Kılıçhan 
Published: December 2023

Aims/Background The most common spinal anomaly is thoracic kyphosis, which frequently occurs in adolescents and older people. The flexicurve is an instrument commonly used by physiotherapists to assess spinal curvature. However, advancing technology, particularly the rise of mobile applications, has resulted in the replacement of traditional methods. This study aimed to investigate and compare the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the smartphone-based Goniometer Pro application and the flexicurve in measuring the thoracic kyphosis angle among healthy university students. Methods A total of 30 participants were assessed by two independent raters using the flexicurve and the Goniometer Pro App to measure the thoracic kyphosis angle. Agreement was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change. Results The flexicurve demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.87 and intraclass correlation coefficients=0.85 for two raters) and good inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.60). Additionally, the standard error of measurement and the minimal detectable change values indicated small measurement errors for the flexicurve. Similarly, the Goniometer Pro application exhibited excellent intra-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.90 and intraclass correlation coefficients=0.89 for two raters) and inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.87), along with small measurement errors indicated by the standard error of the measurement and minimal detectable change values. Conclusions The Goniometer Pro app demonstrated higher inter-rater reliability than the flexicurve when measuring the thoracic kyphosis angle. Consequently, it stands out as a recommended, user-friendly, and time-efficient tool for clinicians involved in the assessment and monitoring of thoracic kyphosis.
Hip joint contact pressure and force: a scoping review of in vivo and cadaver studies
Authors: Dantas Pedro , Gonçalves Sergio R. , Grenho André , Mascarenhas Vasco , Martins Jorge , Tavares da Silva Miguel , Gonçalves Sergio B. , Guimarães Consciência José 
Published: December 2023

AimsResearch on hip biomechanics has analyzed femoroacetabular contact pressures and forces in distinct hip conditions, with different procedures, and used diverse loading and testing conditions. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and summarize the available evidence in the literature for hip contact pressures and force in cadaver and in vivo studies, and how joint loading, labral status, and femoral and acetabular morphology can affect these biomechanical parameters.MethodsWe used the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews for this literature search in three databases. After screening, 16 studies were included for the final analysis.ResultsThe studies assessed different hip conditions like labrum status, the biomechanical effect of the cam, femoral version, acetabular coverage, and the effect of rim trimming. The testing and loading conditions were also quite diverse, and this disparity limits direct comparisons between the different researches. With normal anatomy the mean contact pressures ranged from 1.54 to 4.4 MPa, and the average peak contact pressures ranged from 2 to 9.3 MPa. Labral tear or resection showed an increase in contact pressures that diminished after repair or reconstruction of the labrum. Complete cam resection also decreased the contact pressure, and acetabular rim resection of 6 mm increased the contact pressure at the acetabular base.ConclusionTo date there is no standardized methodology to access hip contact biomechanics in hip arthroscopy, or with the preservation of the periarticular soft-tissues. A tendency towards improved biomechanics (lower contact pressures) was seen with labral repair and reconstruction techniques as well as with cam correction.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(12):712–721.
QoT-aware tree selection, routing, modulation, and spectrum assignment for filterless EONs over the C + L-band
Authors: Ghasrizadeh Mohammad Sadegh , Arpanaei Farhad , Beyranvand Hamzeh 
Published: December 2023

Filterless optical networks (FONs) as an economical solution use passive couplers/splitters rather than expensive active filter devices. In this way, after intermediate and destination nodes, lightpaths are dropped and continued, which generates leakage signals in other links and wastes spectrum. Thus, designing efficient resource allocation in FONs by considering the leakage signals and their interfering effects is of utmost importance. On the other hand, a gradual transition from wavelength division multiplexing optical networks to elastic optical networks (EONs) is occurring due to their efficient utilization of spectrum. Furthermore, utilizing the L-band beside the conventional C-band for spectrum assignment offers a wide range of frequency resources. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an integer linear program (ILP) to solve quality of transmission (QoT)-aware tree selection, routing, modulation, and spectrum assignment problems in filterless EONs over the C+L-band. Furthermore, we provide heuristic algorithms to deal with complex large-scale networks. The performance gap of the proposed ILP and heuristic algorithms is evaluated over a small-scale (5-node) network. The results show that the ILP and heuristic algorithms have almost the same performance in terms of spectrum usage and assigned modulation format, and ILP has a slightly higher generalized signal-to-noise-ratio (GSNR) (0.23 dB or 0.8% at optimum launch power). Furthermore, the heuristic algorithms are also examined over a large-scale network (TID region A topology). The results reveal that the GSNR estimation method severely affects the performance in terms of spectrum usage, blocking, and outage. Furthermore, by using the proposed MX5 method, as long as there is a fill margin of approximately 2 dB, there is no outage or blocking over the C+L-band, up to a network throughput of 110 Tbps and conventional C-band transmission with lower throughput (i.e., 40 Tbps). Finally, our extensive numerical results provide a rule of thumb for balancing blocking, outage, spectrum usage, and the number of expensive L-band transponders by selecting the appropriate modulation assignment method.
Ultra-broadband quantum infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Tashima Toshiyuki , Mukai Yu , Arahata Masaya , Oda Norihide , Hisamitsu Mamoru , Tokuda Katsuhiko , Okamoto Ryo , Takeuchi Shigeki 
Published: December 2023

Spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region is an indispensable tool for
identifying molecular types in various fields, including physics,
chemistry, and medical sciences. However, conventional infrared light
sources, detectors, and noise from blackbody radiation have been the
obstacles to miniaturization and higher sensitivity of infrared
spectrometers. Quantum infrared spectroscopy, which uses visible and
infrared photon pairs in a quantum entangled state, has attracted
attention as a new sensing technology that enables infrared
spectroscopy with detectors in the visible range. However, the
bandwidth of conventional quantum entangled light sources is at most
1 µm or less, which hinders broadband measurements, which are
important in spectroscopic applications. Here we have realized an
ultra-broadband entangled state of visible–infrared photons with
wavelengths from 2 to 5 µm, harnessing a specially designed
nonlinear crystal with chirped poling structure inside. Furthermore,
we constructed a nonlinear quantum interferometer using the
ultra-broadband quantum entangled photons and realized broadband
infrared spectroscopy of inorganic and organic materials using a
visible detector made of silicon. Our results show that quantum
infrared spectroscopy can achieve ultra-broadband spectroscopic
measurements and pave the way for the highly sensitive, ultra-compact
infrared spectrometers using quantum entangled photons.