bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IDEAL Stage 2a/b prospective cohort study of transanal transection and single‐stapled anastomosis for rectal cancer
Authors: Harji Deena , Fernandez Benjamin , Boissieras Lara , Celerier Bertrand , Rullier Eric , Denost Quentin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThere are several anastomotic techniques available to facilitate restorative rectal cancer surgery after total mesorectal excision (TME), including double‐stapled anastomosis (DST) and handsewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA). However, to date no one technique is superior with regard to anastomotic leakage (AL) or functional outcomes. Transanal transection single‐stapled anastomosis (TTSS) aims to overcome some of the technical challenges and offer comparable clinical and functional outcomes to traditional anastomotic techniques. The aim of this study was to explore the role of TTSS in modern rectal cancer surgery and to provide comparative clinical and functional outcome data with DST and CAA.MethodA prospective cohort study was undertaken to assess the safety and clinical and patient‐reported outcomes associated with the TTSS procedure. All patients undergoing sphincter‐preserving surgery for rectal cancer with an anastomosis performed within 6 cm of the anal verge between January 2016 and April 2021 were prospectively enrolled into this study. Clinical and patient‐reported outcome data, including low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) assessment, were collected. The primary endpoint was anastomotic leakage within 30 days.ResultsA total of 275 patients participated in this study, with 70 (25%) patients undergoing a TTSS, 110 (40%) undergoing a DST and 95 (35%) undergoing a CAA. Patients undergoing a CAA had more distal tumours than those having a TTSS or DST, with a median tumour height of 5, 7 and 9 cm (p < 0.001), respectively. We observed a statistically significant reduction in AL in the TTSS group compared with the DST group, with rates of 8.6% versus 20.9% (p = 0.028). There was no difference in LARS scores between patients undergoing TTSS and DST (p = 0.228), while patients with a CAA had worse LARS scores than TTSS patients (p = 0.002).ConclusionTTSS is a technically safe and feasible anastomotic technique in rectal cancer surgery as an alternative to DST and CAA. Its advantages over DST are a reduced AL rate and, over CAA, improved function. It should therefore be considered as an alternative technique to improve clinical and patient‐reported outcomes in restorative rectal cancer surgery.
Optimisation of laser fading process in denim trousers: An industrial scale approach
Authors: Atav Rıza , Gündüz Öner , Yaz Sercan , Çakan Gizem 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColour fading with laser application has now become a well‐known and frequently used process in the denim industry. However, in practice, high strength losses and even tears may occur in the trousers as a result of incorrect or excessive laser application. In this study, the effects of resolution (dpi) and pixel time (μs), which are the two main parameters of laser colour fading, and also the effects of two‐passage laser treatments on colour fading and fabric strength were examined statistically and optimum conditions were determined. When the results of the studies are evaluated in general, it can be said that as the resolution (dpi) increases during the laser process, the colour fading effect increases, but when it is above the 31 dpi value, the strength loss increases excessively. As the second important parameter, the pixel time, increased, the colour fading effect increased. When the time exceeds 80 μs, there is a marginal increase in the strength loss value. Furthermore, it was observed that colour fading (%) values increase if laser process is applied in two passages, but in this case also the tear strength loss increases. It can be said that optimising the laser processing conditions in enterprises according to the product type (fibre content, weight, etc.) is a more accurate approach in terms of both the fading performance to be obtained and product quality. For 11.25 ounce trousers made of 95.3% cotton/3.4% polyester (T400)/1.3% elastane used in this study, it can be said that laser application could be made in two passages if necessary for obtaining high colour fading, however it should be noted that resolution and pixel time should not exceed 31 dpi and 80 μs, respectively. Provided that resolution and pixel time does not exceed 31 dpi and 80 μs, respectively, they can be changed depending on the degree of colour fading needed.
Alister E. McGrath and China: Toward a Chinese theology and science on transhumanism for the third millennium
Authors: Feng Jacob Chengwei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the past three decades, Alister E. McGrath's popularity has been constantly on the rise in China. More than 20 of his books have been translated into Chinese. To the Chinese intellectual mind, the most fascinating among McGrath's works are his writings on theology and science. This is not surprising due to China's ambitions to achieve scientific and technological dominance by boosting creativity. However, such a daunting task faces insurmountable difficulties due to a prevailing lack of innovation, which might contribute to the rising interest in McGrath's work on science and theology. Due to the dominant political ideology in China, theology is by and large put aside, if not marginalized. This essay suggests that the wide‐scale reception of McGrath's works by Chinese academia and churches not only opens a door for the public square to change their attitude toward Christian theology, but also challenges Chinese theology to contextualize McGrath's scientific theology on Chinese soil and to engage Chinese worldview with its pragmatic epistemology. This paper seeks to adapt McGrath's scientific theology on the topic of transhumanism, which has received increasing scholarly attention from the perspective of traditional Chinese philosophies and religions, such as Confucianism and Daoism. Unfortunately, Chinese theology has largely failed to grasp the opportunity to offer any significant constructive proposal to this interdisciplinary discussion. This paper argues that a Chinese theology of science built on a sympathetic and critical engagement with McGrath's scientific theology has a rich potential to dialogue with modern sciences and traditional Chinese philosophies and religions on transhumanism. Such constructive theology not only serves as a conversation partner, but also provides a theological critique to the prevalent scientism and humanism in China.
Semantic segmentation and classification of polycystic ovarian disease using attention UNet, Pyspark, and ensemble learning model
Authors: Kodipalli Ashwini , Devi Susheela , Dasar Santosh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOvarian abnormality like polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) is one of the most common diseases among women worldwide. PCOD not only has an impact on infertility but also hurts the psychological well‐being of women affecting their quality of life. In this study, a two‐class pattern learning problem is designed for the classification of PCOD. In total, 37 clinical parameters and abdominal ultrasound images of women are collected under the proper ethical protocol. Using only clinical data, an accuracy of 93.7% is obtained using Random Forest as the classifier which is further improved to 95.54% by using a Randomized Search CV during Random Forest classification. The ultrasound images are classified using the proposed Attention‐UNet architecture and a mean Dice score of 0.945 is obtained indicating more accurate segmentation. The segmented images are passed through the state‐of‐the‐art EfficientNet B6 for the classification of PCOS and non‐PCOS and recorded an accuracy of 95.47%. Using big data architecture Pyspark, the performance is further enhanced to 96.8% and 96.3% for clinical and ultrasound images respectively along with the reduced computational speed. The results of these classifiers are then used to create metadata and a customized Artificial Neural Network is applied for the final prediction of PCOD and non‐PCOD. From the results, it can be seen that the stacking model outperformed with an accuracy of 98.12% when compared to the single classifier. Our proposed method has very good performance with less computation, contributing a new architecture to evaluate PCOD and hence helping to improve the wellness of women.
Self‐concept and self‐visions in CLIL and non‐CLIL learners and their effect on motivation
Authors: Buckingham Lyndsay R. , Iwaniec Janina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo date, most studies that explore the differences in motivation between content and language‐integrated learning (CLIL) and non‐CLIL learners have been mainly quantitative or have not controlled for differences in socio‐economic status (SES). While many researchers agree that CLIL learners tend to have greater motivation than non‐CLIL learners, there has been little explanation of the reasons behind this difference, perhaps partly because the field lacks studies from the perspective of CLIL students themselves. Based on the L2 motivational self‐system and the construct of self‐concept, this study employed a mixed‐methods approach to explore CLIL and non‐CLIL learners’ current and future self‐visions. Fifteen‐year‐old learners in the Madrid region (n = 348) completed a questionnaire that considered their SES levels as well as experiences related to the scales of English self‐concept, academic self‐concept, and teacher expectations. The same learners were then invited to take part in focus groups in which researchers delved into the reasoning behind their motivation. Despite no significant difference in SES levels between CLIL and non‐CLIL learner groups, CLIL participants are found to display a slightly more positive self‐concept and more robust ideal L2 self‐visions, which may explain the perceived greater motivation among CLIL learners to study (in) English. Furthermore, the L2 ought‐to self is found to be a secondary, yet potentially positive force toward higher motivation.
Stable chlorine dioxide combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water: an effective way to delay protein deterioration of refrigerated large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Zhou Qi , Zhao Xinyu , Xie Jing 
Published: November 2023

SummaryFish is susceptible to spoilage for enzymatic and microbial activities during storage, proteolysis of MPs by endogenous proteases played a crucial influence in the early postmortem decomposition of myosin. This study aimed to investigate the impact of stable chlorine dioxide (ClO2) combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on myofibrillar proteins (MPs) and endogenous proteases alterations in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) during cold storage. The results of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and intrinsic fluorescence intensity (IFI) showed that the ClO2 + SAEW treatment kept the structural stability of protein in fillets during cold storage. Moreover, ClO2 + SAEW treatment dramatically inhibited protein degradation and oxidation. The results of light microscopy further confirmed the results. Meanwhile, there was a tendency to first increase and then decrease on the activities of calpain and cathepsin B, L. According to the correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the activities of endogenous proteases (cathepsin B, D, L, and calpain) were significant (P < 0.01) positively correlated to myofibrillar fragmentation index and trichloroacetic acid‐soluble peptide, and were significant (P < 0.01) negative correlated with the contents of total sulfhydryl and Ca2+‐ATPase. The endogenous proteases activities and protein deterioration were strongly associated. Therefore, endogenous protease was affected by ClO2 and SAEW, which delayed protein degradation in large yellow croaker, especially ClO2 combined with SAEW treatment.
INTEGRATING‐SPHERE ERRORS IN THE COLORIMETRY OF FLUORESCENT MATERIALS
Authors: ALMAN DAVID H. , BILLMEYER FRED W. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe wavelength dependence of the efficiency of an integrating sphere alters the relative spectral irradiance of the light‐source system of which it is a part. Since the total radiance factor (reflected plus fluoresced energy) of a fluorescent material depends upon this irradiance, wavelength‐dependent changes in the efficiency of the integrating sphere can lead to significant variations in the total radiance factor. Such variations can result from changes in the fractional area of the sample port, changes in the sphere wall coating, or the change from specular component included to excluded. Conditions minimizing the importance of these variations are described, but for the accurate colorimetry of fluorescent materials, the use of45°/0° geometry is recommended.
DIRECT ABSORPTANCE MEASUREMENT OF FLUORESCENT AND TURBID SAMPLES IN A 4 π GEOMETRY
Authors: COSTA LORENZO F. , GRUM FRÄNC , WIGHTMAN THEODORE E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThe determination of optical absorption in turbid media requires optical integrators to collect all the light scattered by the sample. If under these measurement conditions the sample fluoresces, its emission is collected as scattered light by the integrator and produces a signal of the opposite sign to that of an absorption. The magnitude of this effect is a function of the luminescent quantum efficiency of the sample and the spectral response of the detector. The implications of the effects of fluorescence on the absorption measurements of turbid media are discussed, along with a method for direct measurement of absorptance in a 4 π geometry. In the presence of turbidity, the measurement of regular transmittance is not valid if obtained with very small angles of detection. It is perfectly valid, however, if a detection acceptance angle of 4 π steradians is used.
Entropy production during ion exchange of glass
Authors: Kirchner Katelyn A. , Mauro John C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe thermodynamics and kinetics of interdiffusion are analyzed for the case of glass ion exchange, a process by which alkali ions from a glass inter‐diffuse with different, usually larger, alkali ions from a surrounding salt bath. The spontaneity of the ion exchange reaction is driven by entropy production. This paper details the first derivation and quantification of the entropy produced during this process. We present models for the evolution of the ion concentration profile for both common and extreme conditions, validate against experimental literature, and derive the entropy produced due to ion exchange as a function of time, temperature, composition, diffusivity, and glass and salt bath dimensions. Results reveal that when considering typical industrial parameter sets, the entropy produced in the glass accounts for <10% of the total entropy production, with the entropy produced in the salt bath being the dominant factor driving reaction spontaneity. Using the equations derived in this work, one can calculate concentration profile and entropy production for a two‐ion interdiffusion process between a low‐viscosity liquid and materials including, by not limited to, glass‐forming systems.
The Impact of Credit Market Sentiment Shocks
Authors: BOECK MAXIMILIAN , ZÖRNER THOMAS O. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of credit market sentiment and investor beliefs in credit cycle dynamics and their transmission to businesscycle fluctuations. Using U.S. data from 1968 to 2014, we find that credit market sentiment is indeed able to detect asymmetries in a small‐scale macroeconomic model. An unexpected credit market sentiment shock has different impacts in an optimistic and pessimistic credit market environment. While an unexpected movement in the optimistic regime leads to a rather muted impact on output and credit, we find a significant negative impact on these variables in the pessimistic regime. The findings highlight the relevance of expectation formation mechanisms as a source of macroeconomic instability.
The prodomain of Arabidopsis metacaspase 2 positively regulates immune signaling mediated by pattern‐recognition receptors
Authors: Wu Di , Tian Hainan , Xu Fan , Yang Jianfei , Feng Wenqi , Bell Sydney , Gozdzik Jedrzej , Gao Fang , Jetter Reinhard , Zhang Yuelin 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Metacaspases (MCs) are structural homologs of mammalian caspases found in plants, fungi, and protozoa. Type‐I MCs carry an N‐terminal prodomain, the function of which is unclear.
Through genetic analysis of Arabidopsis mc2‐1, a T‐DNA insertion mutant of MC2, we demonstrated that the prodomain of metacaspase 2 (MC2) promotes immune signaling mediated by pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs).
In mc2‐1, immune responses are constitutively activated. The receptor‐like kinases (RLKs) BAK1/BKK1 and SOBIR1 are required for the autoimmune phenotype of mc2‐1, suggesting that immune signaling mediated by the receptor‐like protein (RLP)‐type PRRs is activated in mc2‐1. A suppressor screen identified multiple mutations in the first exon of MC2, which suppress the autoimmunity in mc2‐1. Further analysis revealed that the T‐DNA insertion at the end of exon 1 of MC2 causes elevated expression of the MC2 prodomain, and overexpression of the MC2 prodomain in wild‐type (WT) plants results in the activation of immune responses. The MC2 prodomain interacts with BIR1, which inhibits RLP‐mediated immune signaling by interacting with BAK1, suggesting that the MC2 prodomain promotes plant defense responses by interfering with the function of BIR1.
Our study uncovers an unexpected function of the prodomain of a MC in plant immunity.
Repeated loss of the ability of a wild pepper disease resistance gene to function at high temperatures suggests that thermoresistance is a costly trait
Authors: Poulicard Nils , Pagán Israel , González‐Jara Pablo , Mora Miguel Ángel , Hily Jean‐Michel , Fraile Aurora , Piñero Daniel , García‐Arenal Fernando 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Specificity in plant–pathogen gene‐for‐gene (GFG) interactions is determined by the recognition of pathogen proteins by the products of plant resistance (R) genes. The evolutionary dynamics of R genes in plant–virus systems is poorly understood. We analyse the evolution of the L resistance locus to tobamoviruses in the wild pepper Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (chiltepin), a crop relative undergoing incipient domestication.
The frequency, and the genetic and phenotypic diversity, of the L locus was analysed in 41 chiltepin populations under different levels of human management over its distribution range in Mexico.
The frequency of resistance was lower in Cultivated than in Wild populations. L‐locus genetic diversity showed a strong spatial structure with no isolation‐by‐distance pattern, suggesting environment‐specific selection, possibly associated with infection by the highly virulent tobamoviruses found in the surveyed regions. L alleles differed in recognition specificity and in the expression of resistance at different temperatures, broad‐spectrum recognition of P0 + P1 pathotypes and expression above 32°C being ancestral traits that were repeatedly lost along L‐locus evolution.
Overall, loss of resistance co‐occurs with incipient domestication and broad‐spectrum resistance expressed at high temperatures has apparent fitness costs. These findings contribute to understand the role of fitness trade‐offs in plant–virus coevolution.
Exhaled nitric oxide is only an asthma‐relevant biomarker among children with allergic sensitization
Authors: Sunde Rikke Bjersand , Thorsen Jonathan , Skov Frederikke , Hesselberg Laura , Kyvsgaard Julie , Følsgaard Nilofar V. , Schoos Ann‐Marie Malby , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Chawes Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is used for diagnosing and monitoring asthma in children, but the influence of allergic sensitization is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate how asthma and allergic sensitization influence FeNO levels during childhood.MethodsWe investigated the associations between asthma, aeroallergen sensitization, and FeNO measured from age 5–18 years in the COPSAC2000 birth cohort of 411 children using repeated measurement mixed models adjusted for gestational age, sex, concurrent airway infection, inhaled corticosteroids, and tobacco exposure. Replication was sought in the similarly designed COPSAC2010 cohort of 700 children.ResultsIn the COPSAC2000 cohort, 133 had asthma between age 5 and 18 years, and in the COPSAC2010 cohort, 112 had asthma between age 5 and 10 years. In the COPSAC2000 cohort, asthma and aeroallergen sensitization were both associated with higher FeNO from age 5 to 18 years: adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR), 1.22 (1.08–1.35), p < .01, and 1.41 (1.21–1.65), p < 0.001, respectively. However, asthma was associated with increased FeNO among children with aeroallergen sensitization: 1.44 (1.23–1.69), p < .0001, whereas asthma was associated with decreased FeNO among nonsensitized children: 0.80 (0.65–0.99), p = .05 (p‐interaction<.0001 for asthma x sensitization). Replication in the COPSAC2010 cohort showed similar results (p‐interaction <.01). Further, blood eosinophil count, total‐IgE, bronchodilator response, and bronchial hyperreactivity were all associated with increased FeNO among children sensitized to aeroallergens, but not among nonsensitized children.ConclusionFraction of exhaled nitric oxide is elevated through childhood in children with asthma and is correlated with asthma‐associated traits depending on the presence of aeroallergen sensitization. These findings indicate that FeNO is only a valid asthma biomarker in children with concurrent aeroallergen sensitization, which is important for guideline recommendations on the clinical use of FeNO.
The role of knowledge boundary resources for platform ecosystems – insights and design implications from SAP's Business Technology Platform
Authors: Kauschinger Martin , Schreieck Maximilian , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: November 2023

Platform ecosystems shift the locus of innovation from internal departments to third‐party developers, leading to knowledge boundaries between the platform owner and these external developers. Whereas traditional knowledge management approaches focus on intra‐organizational knowledge sharing, platform owners have to adopt an inter‐organizational approach to integrate knowledge across firm boundaries. Platform owners thus rely on knowledge boundary resources such as technical documentation, information portals, training materials, sample code, blogs, and online communities to overcome knowledge boundaries in their ecosystems. Existing research has identified different types of knowledge boundaries and knowledge boundary resources, but further research is needed to clarify how they influence third‐party application development. Against this background, we study how third‐party developers integrate knowledge boundary resources into their development practices. To derive an in‐depth understanding of the phenomenon, we used cognitive fit theory and conducted a single case study of SAP's Business Technology Platform. Based on 23 interviews, we developed a process model and distilled two primary purposes why third‐party developers use knowledge boundary resources: learning and problem‐solving. Based on these purposes, we explain the emergence of a knowledge boundary resource‐purpose fit that shapes the selection, evaluation, and usage of knowledge boundary resources. We then draw upon various knowledge boundary resource characteristics to condense four cases with a particularly favorable knowledge boundary resource‐purpose fit. Based on our results, we derive five propositions to help platform owners design effective knowledge boundary resources.