bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological and ultrastructural studies of the human juxtaglomerular apparatus in Bartter's syndrome and renal artery stenosis
Authors: McLaren K. M. , MacDonald M. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHistological and ultrastructural studies of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) were performed on renal biopsy material from three cases of Bartter's syndrome and two cases of renal artery stenosis. These cases of known JGA hyperfunction were compared with the apparatus in a presumed inactive or basal state as in minimal lesion glomerulonephritis.Light microscopic assessment of the ease of JGA identification, its size and cellularity, provides a valuable reflection of activity and indicates those cases which require ultrastructural assessment of granule turnover.Granule stains often failed to demonstrate any significant increase in granule number in the two conditions studied, and only ultrastructural studies allowed evaluation of secretory activity, rhomboid granule formation and granule release. From these investigations, a proposed mechanism of granule turnover is suggested.The morphological findings in both Bartter's syndrome and renal artery stenosis support the concept of hyperfunction of the apparatus. They may help to elucidate the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome and to predict the outcome of surgical intervention in renal artery stenosis.Such studies could profitably be performed on renal biopsies in other disease states, so augmenting our understanding of the contribution of the JGA to the pathogenesis of a variety of glomerular and vascular lesions.
“Extraepithelial enterochromaffin cell—nerve‐fibre complexes” in the normal human appendix, and in neurogenic appendicopathy
Authors: Auböck L. , Ratzenhofer M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExtraepithelial, extraglandular endocrine cells of types EC1 and EC2 occur in the lamina propria of the normal appendix. They are more numerous in intramucosal neurogenic appendicopathy. Ultrastructurally there is invariably a close association between the cells and non‐myelinated nerve fibres of the mucous plexus. Together they form a complex surrounded by a common basal lamina, and the term enterochromaffin cell‐nerve fibre complex (ECC–NF) is suggested for this morphological and funcitional unit. The derivation of extraepithelial EC cells from the glandular epithelial cells could not be established and the existence of the complexes in held to support an origin from neuroendocrineprogrammed ectoblasts.
Grain dust and alveolar macrophages: An experimental study of the effects of grain dust on the mouse lung
Authors: Armanious M. , Cotton D. , Wright J. , Dosman J. , Carr I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExposure of mice to grain dust in a dusting chamber for 2–80 days led to a pulmonary macrophage response but no interstitial pulmonary damage. The macrophages contained prominent paracrystalline cytoplasmic inclusions.
Enolase isoenzyme distribution in the human brain and its tumours
Authors: Royds Janice A. , Parsons M. A. , Taylor C. B. , Timperley W. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing the immunoperoxidase PAP method we have studied the cellular distribution of α, β and γ enolase subtypes in normal human adult brain and in human brain neoplasms.γ enolase is found only in viable neurones throughout the brain. α enolase is demonstrable in astrocytes, ependymal cells, capillary endothelial cells, Schwann cells and arachnoidal endothelial cells but oligodendrocytes appear to have low levels of this isoenzyme. β enolase is not demonstrable in normal brain tissues.Of the primary cerebral neoplasm studied only medullo‐blastomas and neuroblastomas did not contain demonstrable enolase. Astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas, meningiomas and acoustic neuromas all contained varying quantities of α enolase. No cerebral tumours contained β or γ enolase.Tumour and adjacent brain tissue with histological evidence of ischaemia and necrosis showed loss of cellular enolase.
Inclusion body fibromatosis
Authors: Zardawi I. M. , Earley M. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe clinical and pathological features of two further cases of the condition previously described as Recurring Digital Fibrous Tumour of Childhood are presented. The ultrastructural appearance of the characteristic cell inclusions bears some resemblance to Mallory's hyaline and suggest increased functional activities in the fibroblasts carrying these unusual dense bodies. Retention of abnormal metabolic products in fibroblasts is the most likely explanation. The term Inclusion Body Fibromatosis is proposed for this entity.
Biological markers in human breast carcinoma
Authors: Walker Rosemary A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAn indirect immunoperoxidase method has been used to study a series of breast carcinomas for the presence of five potential biological markers (two appropriate to breast, two placental proteins and one oncofetal protein). One or more markers were detectable in 84 per cent, of tumours, two or more in 60 per cent, and three or more in 32 per cent. Similarity of staining patterns was noted for two placental proteins and for the oncofetal protein and one placental protein. Markers appropriate to breast tissue tended to be detected in separate areas. In certain instances more than one antigen could be detected within the same cell. The relationship of the number of markers present to histological differentiation was found to be complex, but carcinomas with three or more antigens demonstrated showed a tendency to be well or moderately differ entiated. Tumours with no markers often had not metastasised to lymph nodes but conversely those with four and five markers had. A striking feature throughout the study was the heterogenous secretory nature of breast carcinomas.
The histochemical features of the Michaelis–Gutmann body and a consideration of the pathophysiological mechanisms of its formation
Authors: Stevens S. , McClure J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe reactions to a number of histochemical stains by Michaelis‐Gutmann (MG) bodies in 13 cases of malakoplakia are described. All MG bodies contained calcium and phosphate. Iron was present in six cases. Special stains failed to reveal the presence of micro‐organisms. In six cases the MG bodies contained either lecithin or sp'hingomyelin and in three both phospholipids were present. There was no evidence of phospholipid of bacterial cell membrane derivation. Carbohydrate staining reactions suggested the presence of a neutral polysaccharide and an acidic non‐suiphaied polysaccharide (such as a sialoglycan). No histochemical evidence could be adduced to implicate bacterial cell membranes in the structure of the organic matrix of the MG body. The implications of these findings in the light of the association between clinical bacterial infection and malakoplakia are discussed.
Isolation and characterisation of mononuclear phagocytes from the bone marrow, blood, and peritoneal cavity of the guinea‐pig
Authors: Brade V. , Dulk M. M. C. Diesselhoff‐Den , van Furth R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present paper describes a method developed to obtain a relatively pure population of mononuclear phagocytes from guinea‐pig bone marrow, peripheral blood, and peritoneal cavity. The cytochemical and functional characteristics of these cells are also described.
Ultrastructural examination of the skeletal muscles in polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: Fassbender Regine , Simmling‐Annefeld Marliese 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSkeletal muscle biopsies of 13 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) were examined systematically with the electron microscope. Ultrastructural changes in the PMR specimens have been classified according to 14 criteria including nucleus, myofilaments, mitochondria, T‐system, as well as glycogen deposition, lipid, lipofuscin, and myelin figures. The described muscle changes are of both regressive and progressive character and non‐specific in themselves. The systematic recording of these criteria shows an extraordinaryly high incidence in PMR. This constellation of characteristics gives the ultrastructural picture of the skeletal musculature in PMR a definite profile. Similarities with the changes in other muscular diseases suggest that in PMR also neurogenous mechanisms may play a pathogenetic role.
The effect of parathyroid hormone, 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol and prostaglandins on the cytoplasmic activity of isolated osteoclastsxs
Authors: Chambers T. J. , Dunn C. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractOsteoclasts were isolated on glass or plastic substrates and the effect of bone‐active hormones and prostaglandins on their behaviour was observed. Untreated osteoclasts migrate across the substratum, actively extending pseudopodia which show intense “rippling” activity. Addition of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25‐(OH)2D3), prostaglandins (PG) F2α, E2 and thromboxane B2 caused no change in the behaviour or morphology of these osteoclasts. Prostacyclin, however, caused rapid cessation of cytoplasmic rippling activity followed by gradual pseudopodial retraction in a manner indistinguishable from that previously observed in the presence of calcitonin. The cytoplasmic quiescence induced by prostacyclin was seen at concentrations of 10−9M and above. Quiescence was reversible and its duration depended upon the dose of the compound administered (prostacyclin decays rapidly). No such effect was observed on the behaviour of the other cell types contaminating the osteoclast cultures, nor on purified populations of osteoblasts or peritoneal macrophages.We also tested the ability of PTH, 1,25‐(OH)2D3 and PGs to reverse calcitonin‐induced osteoclast quiescence. We found that even high doses showed no detectable stimulation of quiescent isolated osteoclasts. This suggests that the undoubted ability of these hormones to stimulate osteoclastic activity in vivo is mediated indirectly, following a primary hormonal interaction with another cell type.We propose a model for the control of osteoclasis based on these observations. Prostacyclin may play the role of a local‐acting hormone, produced by osteoblasts, which terminates osteoclasis when the requirements of local bone morphogenesis are fulfilled. Calcitonin exerts a direct inhibitory action on isolated osteoclasts and we suggest that this is opposed in vivo by an osteoclastic stimulator, released by osteoblasts. The hormones PTH, 1.25‐(OH)2,D3, and PGE2, stimulate osteoclastic activity indirectly following a primary interaction with osteoblasts, and may do so either by reducing the release of prostacyclin by osteoblasts or increasing formation of the unknown stimulator, or both.
Reduced resorption of cortical bone in mice with induced osteopetrosis
Authors: Loutit J. F. , Howells G. R. , Green D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo groups of syngeneic radiation chimaeras were established, the reconstitution being with spleen from osteopetrotic mice on the one hand and normal bone marrow on the other. Induced osteopetrosis in the former was evident radiologically not only as metaphyseal opacity but as unduly dense cortices compared with the latter, particularly terminally after 16‐18 months. The radiological impressions were confirmed by measurement of cortical thickness in both longitudinal and transverse sections of undecalcified femoral shafts. Measurements were made with a Quantimet‐720 System‐30 Image Analyser. Terminally the differences were highly significant.One concludes that defective osteoclasts of osteopetrotic mice derived from haematopoietic stem cells fail to resorb not only primitive woven bone but also cortical laminar bone.
Renal ultrastructure in acute tubular necrosis following Russell's viper envenomation
Authors: Date Anand , Shastry J. C. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractElectron microscopic examination of renal biopsies from nine patients who developed renal failure after Russell's viper bite showed glomerular mesangial hypercellularity, vascular endothelial swelling, tubular epithelial necrosis and shedding, acellular segments of tubular basement membrane and an interstitial infiltrate composed of mast cells, eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. These cells showed many close contacts with each other and with fibroblasts. Severe vascular and tubular lesions were also present in the medulla. These abnormalities and other reported clinical and laboratory investigations in this condition, suggest that the primary lesion is a reversible intravascular coagulation with secondary ischaemic tubular damage. The inflammatory response in the interstitium is probably initiated by a release of antigens from damaged tubules.
The effects of various anti‐calcific, anti‐rheumatic and anti‐inflammatory drugs on local (simple) calcergy induced by lead acetate in the mouse
Authors: McClure J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe diphosphonate compound ethane‐hydroxy‐1, 1‐diphosphonate (EHDP) is an effective inhibitor of the calcification reaction induced by the subcutaneous injection of lead acetate in the mouse. Dichloromethylene. diphosphonate (CI2MDP) has no such effect and prednisolone and sodium aurothiomalate are also ineffective in inhibiting the reaction. The rate of resorption of the calcified plaque is decreased by CI2MDP when this is administered on an extended basis. This effect disappears after prolonged treatment so that EHDP, calcitonin and CI2MDP have no effect after 7 weeks of daily treatment.
Slow cirrhosis—or no cirrhosis? A lesion causing benign intrahepatic portal hypertension
Authors: Levison D. A. , Kingham J. G. C. , Dawson A. M. , Stansfeld A. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe report the histological findings in livers from a group of 60 patients with benign intrahepatic portal hypertension. The lesion is benign in comparison with true cirrhosis in the sense that most of the patients survive many years from the time of diagnosis. The histological changes, in our view, differ from those of any variant of cirrhosis and generally do not progress even after many years. The essential features are: (1) irregular capsular thickening; (2) thickening of some portal tracts with fine fibrous septa radiating out from some of them; and (3) distortion of lobular architecture with hyperplastic expansion of some areas and compression of others and irregularly distributed central veins. We suggest that this is the lesion responsible for at least some cases of so‐called idiopathic non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Delayed infarction of spinal cord white matter following X‐irradiation
Authors: Blakemore W. F. , Palmer A. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe thoraco‐lumbar spinal cord of 4 cats were subjected to 4000 RADS of X‐irradiation. Between 3 and 5 mth afterwards the animals developed weakness of the hind‐legs and became incoordinated. Small infarcts were found in the white matter of the irradiated area of spinal cord, accompanied by neuronal death and oedema of the grey matter close to the central canal. Ultrastructurally the infarcts were shown to stem from necrosis and thrombosis of small blood vessels. Comparison is made with the pathogenesis of spinal cord infarction that occurs in decompression sickness.
Benign schwannomas: A histopathological and morphometric study
Authors: Vilanova J. R. , Burgos‐Bretones J. J. , Alvarez J. A. , Rivera‐Pomar J. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA conventional histopathological and quantitative morphometric study of 28 capsulated peripheral and spinal nerve benign schwannomas demonstrated linear and parabolic correlation between Antoni B tissue, vascularity and tumour size. The results support the endoneural connective tissue origin of Antoni B, and suggest a model of tumour growth that is partially limited by the growth potential of the Antoni B and/or the vascular component.
The effect of cortisol on porcine articular tissues in organ culture
Authors: Tyler Jenny A. , Fell Honor B. , Lawrence C. E. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract(1) The effects of hydrocortisone succinate (1.0.–0.01 μ HC/ml of medium) on porcine articular tissues in organ culture have been studied by histological and biochemical methods.(2) 1.0 and 0.1 μg HC/ml considerably inhibited the severe breakdown of matrix that occurs in living and dead cartilage explanted in contact with synovial tissue.(3) The depletion of matrix in living cartilage cultivated in the same dish as but not in contact with synovial tissue, is much diminished when the medium contains 1.0 or 0.1 μg HC/ml.(4) Cartilage grown in the used medium of synovial tissue loses both proteoglycan and hydroxyproline; the addition of HC to the used medium has little (1.0 μg HC/ml) or (0.1 μg HC/ml) no inhibitory effect. If, however, the used medium is from synovial tissue that has been cultured in the presence of 1.0 or 0.1 μg HC/ml, loss of proteoglycan and collagen from the cartilage is much reduced.(5) In isolated cartilage in normal medium there is outgrowth of cells from the cut surface and some loss of proteoglycan and collagen; outgrowth is completely, and loss of matrix components partially suppressed by 1.0 μg HC/ml.(6) Isolated synovial tissue cultured in normal medium shrinks to about one‐third of its original size, loses much of its collagen and secretes neutral metallo‐proteinases into the medium; in the presence of 1.0 μg HC/ml these changes are largely prevented. The explants also secrete an inhibitor of metallo‐proteinases the production of which is not reduced by HC.
Necrosis of the pars recta (S3 segment) of the rat kidney produced by hexachloro 1:3 butadiene
Authors: Ishmael J. , Pratt Iona , Lock E. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAdministration of hexachloro 1 : 3 butadiene (HCBD) intraperitoneally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight caused necrosis of the pars recta of the proximal tubules situated in the outer stripe of the outer medulla of the rat kidney. The earliest morphological changes detectable by light microscopy were observed after eight hours, with several proximal tubules showing necrosis. By sixteen hours a distinct band of tubular necrosis was seen in the outer stripe of the outer medulla. One and two days after dosing proximal tubular necrosis was still evident whereas distal tubules were unaffected. By three days, vacuolation was observed in the pars convoluta of some proximal tubules. Active tubular regeneration was apparent by day five, which was accompanied by a marked increase in renal water and nonprotein sulphydryl content (NP‐SH). By day fourteen substantial recovery had occurred. Ultrastructural changes were seen as early as one hour after HCBD (300 mg/kg, ip) although necrosis was not marked until 8 hr. Mitochondrial swelling was seen 1–4 hr after dosing in the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule. By 8 hr the major pathological changes were largely confined to the S3 segment and consisted of loss of brush border, mitochondrial swelling and cellular necrosis. In conclusion HCBD produces a site‐specific nephrotoxic effect on the proximal tubule in the rat. The pattern of injury was similar to that associated with some other nephrotoxic and ischaemic models of acute renal failure.
Phagocytosis of the a band following Z line, and I band loss. Its significance in skeletal muscle breakdown
Authors: Cullen M. J. , Fulthorpe J. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA band phagocytosis, following Z line and I band loss. is described in polymyositis, in epsilon amino caproic acid induced myopathy and in an experimental myositis of guinea pigs. It is far less prominent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.This form of necrosis is always associated with lesions in the plasma membrane. It is argued that the ensuing ionic equilibration with the extracellular fluid allows activation of a calcium activated proteinase (CAP) which digests the Z line. Breakdown of the myofibrils into individual A bands promotes rapid phagocytosis of the myofibre contents and facilitates regeneration of the muscle.
Towards economy of effort in quantitative ultrastructural pathology: Efficient sampling schemes for studying experimental carcinogenesis
Authors: Mayhew T. M. , White F. H. , Gohari K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHamster cheek pouch mucosa was painted with DMBA in order to compare samples of epithelium at different pathological stages of carcinogenesis. Stereological methods were applied to ultrathin sections of tissue to estimate one ultra‐structural index of change, the surface ratio of lamina densa compared with the overlying plasma membrane of cells in stratum basale. Analysis of variance techniques were then employed to isolate and quantify the contributions which different levels of sampling (animals, tissue blocks, microscopic fields) made to the total observed variation in this surface ratio. Economical sampling schemes for future use were calculated from these sampling variances by taking into account the relative costs at each sampling level. Though illustrated by means of the hamster cheek pouch‐DMBA model, our results are pertinent to many other experimental models for quantitative histopathology.
Proctitis cystica profunda and radiation fibrosis in the rectum of the female wistar rat after X irradiation: A histopathological study
Authors: Hubmann F.‐H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPart of the rectum of the female Wistar rat was X‐irradiated (1500 rad–3000 rad) without surgery. In the early phase (second week after irradiation) radiation damage of the rectum was haemorrhagic radiation proctitis and in the late phase a rectal obstruction. The dose‐effect relationship using rectal obstruction as the end point is a sigmoid curve with a LD50 of 2150 rad. Latency time decreases with increasing dose and is 150 days at the LD50. Histopathologic findings revealed excessive submucosal radiation fibrosis and numerous mucosal glands and cysts within the fibrotic submucosa. As the time after irradiation increased the extension of submucosal mucinous glands increased and sometimes the entire submucosa was replaced completely by mucosal glands and cysts. It is suggested that invasion of mucosal epithelium into the submucosa was allowed by manifold fragmentation of the muscularis mucosae due to lymphocysts having developed immediately after irradiation. The small arteries showed proliferation of the endothelium and adventitia, thickening and hyalinization of the wall, resulting in severe narrowing and even occlusion of the lumen.
Malignant histiocytosis presenting as lethal midline granuloma: Immunohistological study
Authors: Aozasa K. , Inoue A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRecent advances in immunology have revealed that the “histiocytic” lymphoma of Rappaport is a proliferation of transformed lymphocytes rather than true histiocytes, and that the malignant cells in malignant histiocytosis (MH) are truly transformed histiocytes. We previously reported cases of MH presenting as lethal midline granuloma (MH‐LMG) utilising fresh tissue specimens for the detection of cytological markers in a small number of cases. The results showed the true histiocytic nature of the proliferating cells. In this study, paraffin‐embedded specimens from 16 cases with MH‐LMG were processed for immunoperoxidase procedures to confirm the true histiocytic nature of the proliferating cells. Five cases with nasal and paranasal lymphomas (ML) were also stained to test the usefulness of immunoperoxidase procedures for distinguishing the MH‐LMG from ML. Results were as follows; proliferating cells in MH‐LMG were histiocytic in nature, staining positive for lysozyme in MH‐LMG in contrast to the negative staining in ML.