bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the impact of posttraumatic stress disorder on physical health
Authors: Wagner Amy W. , Wolfe Jessica , Rotnitsky Andrea , Proctor Susan P. , Erickson Darin J. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn a large sample of Gulf War veterans (N = 2301) we examined the relations between PTSD symptoms assessed immediately upon returning from the Gulf War and self‐reported health problems assessed 18–24 months later. PTSD symptomatology was predictive of self‐reported health problems over time for both men and women veterans, even after the effects of combat exposure were removed from the analysis. Female veterans reported significantly more health problems than male veterans, however, there was no interactive effect of gender and PTSD on health problems. These findings provide further support for the theory that psychological response to stressors impacts health outcome.
PTSD severity and health perceptions in female victims of sexual assault
Authors: Zoellner Lori A. , Goodwin Melanie L. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIn women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), poor physical health may be related to their PTSD symptoms through an underlying negative affect or distress that accompanies the disorder, through the PTSD symptoms in general, or specifically through the chronic hyperarousal present in the disorder. The current study examined the relative contribution of these factors to reported physical symptoms in female victims of sexual assault. Seventy‐six women with chronic PTSD were assessed, using measures of stressful life events, psychological difficulties, and perceived health. Negative life events, anger, depression, and PTSD severity were all related to self‐reported physical symptoms; however, PTSD severity predicted self‐reported physical symptoms beyond these other variables. Contrary to our hypothesis, the reexperiencing cluster of PTSD, and not the hyperarousal cluster, was related to self‐reported physical symptoms.
A controlled study of imagery rehearsal for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with PTSD: A preliminary report
Authors: Krakow Barry , Hollifield Michael , Schrader Ron , Koss Mary , Tandberg Dan , Lauriello John , McBride Leslie , Warner Teddy D. , Cheng Diana , Edmond Tonya , Kellner Robert 
Published: December 2002

AbstractImagery‐rehearsal therapy for chronic nightmares was assessed in a randomized, controlled study of sexual assault survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nightmares, sleep quality, and PTSD were assessed at baseline for 169 women, who were randomized into two groups: treatment (n = 87) and wait‐list control (n = 82). Treatment consisted of two 3‐hr sessions and one 1‐hr session conducted over 5 weeks. Of 169 participants, 91 women (Treatment, n = 43, Control, n = 48) completed a 3‐month follow‐up and 78 did not. At follow‐up, nightmare frequency and PTSD severity decreased and sleep quality improved in the treatment group with small to minimal changes in the control group. Treatment effects were moderate to high (Cohen's d ranged from 0.57 to 1.26). Notwithstanding the large dropout rate, imagery‐rehearsal therapy is an effective treatment for chronic nightmares in sexual assault survivors with PTSD and is associated with improvement in sleep quality and decreases in PTSD severity.
BRCA1 Testing and Informed Consent in a Woman with Mild Retardation
Authors: Schneider Katherine A. , Kieffer Stephanie A. , Patenaude Andrea F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCancer predisposition testing can pose complex genetic counseling issues. This casereport discusses whether it is appropriate to provide BRCA1 testing to a woman withlimited intellectual capacity and documented psychological distress. This case is one ofseveral cancer counseling cases presented to our Genetic Counseling Supervision Groupover the past three and a half years. The Supervision Group provided valuable feedback and supportto proceed with this challenging case.
Identifying subtypes of women survivors of childhood sexual abuse: An MMPI‐2 cluster analysis
Authors: Elhai Jon D. , Flitter Jill M. Klotz , Gold Steven N. , Sellers Alfred H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis paper investigated subtypes of women childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors through a cluster analysis of their Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) clinical and validity scales. Participants were 117 women in outpatient treatment for CSA aftereffects at a university‐affiliated community mental health center. Three well‐fitting MMPI‐2 cluster solutions were evaluated with discriminant analyses and MANOVAs; a 5‐cluster solution was deemed optimal. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated significant between‐cluster differences on the Impact of Event Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and nearly all Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised subscales. No differences emerged when comparing clusters on the Family Environment Scale and their CSA characteristics. Implications were considered for research and clinical practice, using the MMPI‐2 with CSA survivors.
An Opportunity for Genetic Counseling Intervention: Depression in Parents of Individuals with Proteus Syndrome
Authors: Peters Kathryn F. , Biesecker Leslie G. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractDepression is common, affecting 2–5% of the general population. Parental depression can confound adjustment to, and caring for, a child with a genetic condition. As part of a study on psychosocial issues of parents caring for children with Proteus syndrome, 31 parents (20 mothers and 11 fathers) completed a depression screening tool, the Beck Depression Inventory. Approximately 23% (4/20 mothers and 3/11 fathers) scored positive on the tool. Pessimism, sense of failure, general lack of satisfaction, sense of punishment, self‐dislike, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, work inhibition, somatic preoccupation, and loss of libido were reported more frequently by the group of parents with positive screen results than those with normal results. These data suggest that symptoms of depression may be prevailing among parents of individuals with Proteus syndrome. Because effective interventions for depression are readily available, genetic counselors working with families affected with rare, overgrowth disorders should specifically assess parents for physical and affective symptoms of depression and refer them for appropriate clinical treatment.
Supervision for Practicing Genetic Counselors: An Overview of Models
Authors: Kennedy Annette L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSupervision has traditionally been a concept that refers primarilyto a means by which to train genetic counseling students. However, supervision—redefined—can afford anextraordinary opportunity for practicing genetic counselors to regularly update and enhancetheir counseling skills. This paper provides a new definition of supervision for experiencedgenetic counselors and discusses the process and advantages of different types ofsupervision. The leader‐led peer supervision group will be highlighted as especiallyamenable to the needs of genetic counselors for a collegial forum in which to discuss thepsychosocial components of their work. Immediately following, in a separate paper, will bea description of a currently ongoing supervision group for practicing genetic counselors.
An evaluation of stress symptoms associated with academic sexual harassment
Authors: McDermut Jennifer Fine , Haaga David A. F. , Kirk Lindsey 
Published: December 2002

AbstractIt is clear that sexual assault can precipitate posttraumatic stress disorder. Some theorists have suggested that less severe sexually harassing behaviors may also have trauma‐like sequelae. In a study evaluating this hypothesis, 69 female participants completed self‐report measures of instances of sexual harassment, basic beliefs, psychological distress/symptoms, and PTSD symptoms. Participants watched videotapes depicting sexual harassment, emotional arousal (not sexual in nature), and a neutral interaction while their heart rate was monitored, and they were interviewed using the SCID for PTSD. Results revealed that those who had been sexually harassed reported more negative basic beliefs, more general distress, and more negative state mood after watching the sexual harassment video, relative to those who had not been harassed. The severity of sexual harassing behaviors experienced was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms. Heart rate reactivity to the videotapes did not differ across groups defined by sexual harassment status.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Korean conflict and World War II combat veterans seeking outpatient treatment
Authors: McCranie Edward W. , Hyer Leon A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractGiven important differences in the Korean conflict and World War II, samples of treatment‐seeking combat veterans from these wars (30 Korea, 83 World War II) were compared on the prevalence and severitv of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). With age, ethnicity, and combat exposure taken into account, the Korean veterans reported significantly more severe symptoms on both interview and self‐report PTSD measures. Group differences in the prevalence of current PTSD were in a similar direction but not significant. These results are generally consistent with other studies that have found Korean combat veterans to exhibit higher rates of psychosocial maladjustment than World War II combat veterans. Based on related research with Vietnam veterans, one direction for future investigation is to examine what role stressful postmilitary homecoming experiences may have played in influencing the development and course of combat‐related PTSD in the aging cohort of “forgotten” Korean conflict veterans.
The children's PTSD inventory: Development and reliability
Authors: Saigh Philip A. , Yasik Anastasia E. , Oberfield Richard A. , Green Bonnie L. , Halamandaris Phill V. , Rubenstein Hilary , Nester Jeanne , Resko Jody , Hetz Batia , McHugh Margaret 
Published: December 2002

AbstractInformation involving the development of the DSM‐IV version of the Children's PTSD Inventory is described. Independent ratings by highly experienced judges denote that the instrument encompassed the universe of definition that it was intended to measure (i.e., the DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD). The instrument was administered to 82 traumatized and 22 nontraumatized youths at Bellevue Hospital. Moderate to high Cronbach alphas (.53–.89) were evident at the subtest level. An alpha of .95 was evident at the diagnostic level. In terms of inter‐rater reliability, 98.1% agreement was evident at the diagnostic level. Inter‐rater intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .88 to .96 at the subtest level and .98 at the diagnostic level. Cood to excellent kappas (.66–1.00) were reported for inter‐rater reliability at the subtest level. An inter‐rater reliability kappa of .96 was evident at the diagnostic level. In terms of test‐retest reliability, 97.6% agreement was evident at the diagnostic level. Good to excellent test‐retest kappas (.66–1.00) and ICCs (.66–.94) were observed. A test‐retest kappa of .91 and an ICC of .88 was observed at the diagnostic level.
Comparison of the PTSD symptom scale–interview version and the clinician‐administered PTSD scale
Authors: Foa Edna B. , Tolin David F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) is one of the most frequently used measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure, although its psychometric properties in nonveteran populations are not well known. One problem with the CAPS is its long assessment time. The PTSD Symptom Scale–Interview Version (PSS‐I) is an alternative measure of PTSD severity, requiring less assessment time than the CAPS. Preliminary studies indicate that the PSS‐I is reliable and valid in civilian trauma survivors. In the present study we compared the psychometric properties of the CAPS and the PSS‐I in a sample of 64 civilian trauma survivors with and without PTSD. Participants were administered the CAPS, the PSS‐I, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID) by separate interviewers, and their responses were videotaped and rated by independent clinicians. Results indicated that the CAPS and the PSS‐I showed high internal consistency, with no differences between the two measures. Interrater reliability was also high for both measures, with the PSS‐I yielding a slightly higher coefficient. The CAPS and the PSS‐I correlated strongly with each other and with the SCID. Although the CAPS had slightly higher specificity and the PSS‐I had slightly higher sensitivity to PTSD, overall the CAPS and the PSS‐I performed about equally well. These results suggest that the PSS‐I can be used instead of the CAPS in the assessment of PTSD, thus decreasing assessment time without sacrificing reliability or validity.
Death notification education: A needs assessment study
Authors: Stewart Alan E. , Lord Janice Harris , Mercer Dorothy L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA survey of 245 death notifiers (i.e., law enforcement officers, emergency medical technicians, victim advocates, coroners, clergy, health care professionals, and others who had performed death notification in the past) was conducted to examine their death notification experience and their needs for education. The survey also assessed the benefits the notifiers received by attending a death notification seminar developed by Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Forty one percent of the notifiers had received neither classroom training nor experiential training in death notification before the seminar. Respondents' reported needs for education included (a) specific detail on how to deliver a notification, (b) how to manage survivor reactions, and (c) how to manage their own emotional reactions. The respondents indicated that the seminars substantially enhanced their death notification skills.
Recommendations for Telephone Counseling
Authors: Ormond Kelly E. , Haun Jody , Cook Lola , Duquette Debra , Ludowese Carol , Matthews Anne L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractTelephone counseling can provide a convenient, accessible, and valuable source of information to the general public, health care providers, and other professionals. In the genetic counseling profession, telephone counseling is often associated with teratogen information services. However, genetic counselors routinely utilize the telephone in a number of different counseling encounters. Nevertheless, the literature provides very little guidance to how that encounter might be conducted, what information should be obtained and provided, or how the encounter should be documented. We present a brief overview of the history of telephone counseling, a description of the major differences between telephone counseling and a face‐to‐face counseling session, and a framework to optimize a telephone counseling session.
Nocturnal re‐experiencing more than forty years after war trauma
Authors: Schreuder Bas J. N. , Kleijn Wim Chr. , Rooijmans Harry G. M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was the examination of Posttraumatic Nightmares (PTNM) and Posttraumatic Anxiety Dreams (PTAD) in Dutch combat veterans and World War II victims. Participants (outpatients; n = 223) were administered a standardized psychiatric interview, the Impact of Event Scale, the SCL‐90, the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, and an interview on posttraumatic nocturnal re‐experiencing. Prevalence of PTNM was 56%. Patients with PTNM, even those who were not diagnosed with PTSD, had significantly more psychiatric complaints than patients with no PTNM. Analysis of PTNM demonstrated that they were often experienced as exact replications of the original traumatic events. Replicative PTNM often implicated dream recurrence. Traumatic experiences before the age of 5 resulted in nonreplicalive PTNM only. Unlike nonreplicative PTNM, replicative PTNM seemed to be correlated with several intrusion subscales.
Fear, helplessness, and horror in posttraumatic stress disorder: InvestigatingDSM‐IVCriterion A2 in victims of violent crime
Authors: Brewin Chris R. , Andrews Bernice , Rose Suzanna 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA DSM‐IV diagnosis posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) required for the first time that individuals must report experiencing intense fear, helplessness, or horror at the time of the trauma. In a longitudinal study of 138 victims of violent crime, we investigated whether reports of intense trauma‐related emotions characterized individuals who, after 6 months, met criteria for PTSD according to the DSM‐III‐R. We found that intense levels of all 3 emotions strongly predicted later PTSD. However, a small number of those who later met DSM‐III‐R or ICD criteria for PTSD did not report intense emotions at the time of the trauma. They did, however, report high levels of either anger with others or shame.
Trauma exposure and psychological reactions to genocide among Rwandan children
Authors: Dyregrov Atle , Gupta Leila , Gjestad Rolf , Mukanoheli Eugenie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractA total of 3030 children age 8–19 years from Rwanda was interviewed about their war experiences and reactions approximately 13 months after the genocide that started in April 1994. Rwandan children had been exposed to extreme levels of violence in the form of witnessing the death of close family members and others in massacres, as well as other violent acts. A majority of these children (90%) believed that they would die; most had to hide to surive, and 15% had to hide under dead bodies to surive. A shortened form of the Impact of Event Scale used in a group of 1830 of these children documented high levels of intrusion and avoidance. While children living in shelters were exposed to more trauma, they evidenced less posttraumatic reactions. Analyses showed that reactions were associated with loss, violence exposure, and, most importantly, feeling their life was in danger.
Relations between coercive strategies and MMPI‐2 scale elevations among women survivors of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Lucenko Barbara A. , Gold Steven N. , Elhai Jon D. , Russo Stephen A. , Swingle Janine M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe relationship between coercion strategies used by perpetrators of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and elevations of CSA survivors on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality inventory‐2 (MMPI‐2) was investigated. Participants were 151 women survivors of CSA in outpatient treatment at a university‐based community mental health center. Scores on the MMPI‐2 clinical scales and the Keane posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale were examined. Main effects were found for promised or received rewards on several clinical scales and the PTSD scale of the MMPI‐2, independent of the presence of force. Specifically, the presence of such rewards was associated with significantly higher levels of symptomatology on Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Pt), Schizophrenia (Sc), and PTSD (Pk). There were no main or interaction effects noted for the presence of actual or threatened force on any of the scales.
Behavioral treatment of PTSD in a perpetrator of manslaughter: A single case study
Authors: Rogers Paul , Gray Nicola S. , Williams Tegwyn , Kitchiner Neil 
Published: December 2002

AbstractStudies of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have predominantly focused on victims of trauma. Some studies have examined the after‐effects of a person's own violent actions in combat or police situations. However, there is a sparsity of literature examining the development of PTSD in convicted perpetrators of violent crime, and there is no literature concerning the treatment of PTSD in such perpetrators. This single‐case study presents the outcome of behavioral treatment in one case in which the patient had PTSD consequential to being a perpetrator of manslaughter. The theoretical implications of this case are briefly discussed.
Cognitive strategies and the resolution of acute stress disorder
Authors: Bryant Richard A. , Moulds Michelle , Guthrie Rachel M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractInformation processing theories propose that resolution of posttraumatic stress is mediated by activation of traumatic memories and modification of threat‐based beliefs. It is argued that this adaptive response is associated with reduced cognitive avoidance. Thought control strategies were assessed in civilian trauma survivors with acute stress disorder (N = 45) prior to and following either cognitive behavior therapy or supportive counseling. Participants completed the Acute Stress Disorder Interview, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale, and the Thought Control Questionnaire within 2 weeks of their trauma and 6 months following treatment. Receiving cognitive behavior therapy was associated with reductions in the use of punishment and worry, and increases in the use of reappraisal and social control strategies. Further, reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with increased use of social control strategies and reappraisal strategies, and decreased use of worry. Findings are discussed in terms of the cognitive strategies that may mediate acute posttraumatic stress.
Reports of prior exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD in troops poised for deployment
Authors: Bolton Elisa E. , Litz Brett T. , Britt Thomas W. , Adler Amy , Roemer Lizabeth 
Published: December 2002

AbstractExposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology, and the mental health status of 2,947 military personnel were assessed prior to deployment on a peacekeeping mission. Approximately 74% of the soldiers reported being exposed to at least one PTE. The mean number of PTEs reported was 2.38, most of which did not occur during previous deployments. Approximately 6% of the participants exceeded our screening criteria for PTSD and 43% endorsed elevated levels of psychological distress. These findings document a high rate of exposure to PTEs in soldiers prior to their deployment. These results also highlight the need to screen for PTEs when attempting to isolate the rates of PTSD following a specific traumatic event and to examine the effects of cumulative exposure to PTEs.
The Process of Family Reconstruction after DNA Testing for Huntington Disease
Authors: Sobel Susan , Cowan D. Brookes 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe needs of families to reconstruct their relationships in response to the DNA testing for Huntington disease of one or more of their asymptomatic members are presented. Data were collected from family interviews with 18 families, and from their responses on a post interview questionnaire. Findings are that families need to (a) address “unfinished business” associated with the decision for testing; (b) bring family members, peripheral in the decision for testing, into the loop; (c) reorganize patterns of communication and roles altered by the testing and heal ruptures in family membership; and (d) revise family stories about illness to provide a meaning for HD and explain the test results in a way that leaves them with a sense of mastery. Findings suggest that families should be more involved in the initial decision for testing of a member and that protocols should be established to provide help for their ongoing adjustment.