bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical localization of calbindins (28K and 9K) in the tissues of the baboon Papio ursinus
Authors: Opperman Lynne A. , Pettifor John M. , Ross F. Patrick 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAn indirect immunoperoxidase procedure was used to detect the presence of calbindin‐D28K and calbindin‐D9K in the cerebellum, kidney, and duodenum of the baboon Papio ursinus. Antibodies to chick calbinding‐D28K and to both rat and mouse calbindin‐D9K were used. The cerebellum and kidney were shown to contain calbindin‐D28K; the doudenum contained calbindin‐D9K. In the cerebellum, positive staining was found in the Purkinje cells only; in the kidney, positive staining was found in the distal convoluted tubules, connecting tubules, and collecting tubules, extending deep into the medullary regions of the kidney. Staining in the duodenum was confined to the enterocytes of the villi, with no stain present in the crypt regions or goblet cells. Thus the baboon, a primate, contains the larger of the calbindins in both the cerebellum and kidney as does the human and monkey, but its distribution in the kidney is more generalized than that found in humans. The molecular weight of calbindin‐D9K was found to be similar to that found in other animals. However, the calbindin‐D28K from the baboon tissues appears to be slightly smaller than the protein found in other animals and may therefore be of similar size to the human calbindin‐D28K (Mr 26,000).
Hamster airway at parturition: Ultrastructure of the full‐term fetal trachea and effects of parturition
Authors: Cooney Rodger A. , Chopra Dharam P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLimited studies have described the ultrastructure of trachea of late fetal and neonatal hamsters but the effects of parturition and the onset of breathing on structure have not been discussed. This study describes morphological features of ante‐ and post‐partum tracheal mucosa and submucosa and contrasts these features in fetal and neonatal hamster siblings. Significant differences between these siblings are noted in tracheal cells interfacing the lumen. Such cells of the fetal animals usually possessed cytoplasm of medium electron density with cisternal rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Surface membranes of these cells possessed numerous microvilli. In contrast, corresponding cells of post‐natal animals often had lucent cytoplasm with mostly tubular or vesicular RER. Surface membranes of these cells possessed microplicae (microridges).This study also considers characteristics of fetal and neonatal tracheal development including: lomasome‐like structures in secretory cells; dichotomous forms of oligocilia in mucosal and submucosal cells; intramembranous particles of hemidesmosomes; particles and mitochondria associated with desmosomes; and affiliations of ciliary basal bodies with the cytoskeleton, cell membrane, and with endoplasmic reticulum.
Sympathetic innervation of the hindlimb arterial system in the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Kimani James Kirumbi , Mbuva Regina N. , Kinyamu Richard M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe report the distribution of sympathetic nerves in the hindlimb arterial system of the giraffe based on the histochemical demonstration of monoamines by the sucrose‐potassium phosphate‐glyoxylic acid method. It is noted that the hindlimb arterial system shows regional variations in its sympathetic innervation with regard to the density and the penetration of the nerves into the tunica media not hitherto described. The femoral and popliteal arteries showed a paucity of sympathetic innervation. Distally the dorsal pedal and great metatarsal arteries showed sparse sympathetic innervation characterized by a tendency toward exclusion of the nerves toward the outer layers of the tunica media. In contrast, the anterior (cranial) tibial artery in the leg revealed a relatively rich pattern of sympathetic innervation and a greater penetration of the nerves into the tunica media. The latter part of the arterial system showed a marked thickening of the tunica media and luminal narrowing, thus suggesting a “sphincteric” function. It is conceivable that this sphincter subserves a dual function, namely, to modulate blood flow to the distal parts of the limbs, and secondly to channel blood to the thigh and crural musculature. Pertinent to this is the fact that the presumptive sphincter occurs immediately after the crural muscular branches are given off.
Transplantation of labeled fetal spinal cord fragments into juvenile myelin‐deficient rat spinal cord
Authors: Hasegawa Mitsuhiro , Rosenbluth Jack 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMinced and triturated fragments from the spinal cord of normal rat fetuses (15–18 days gestation) labeled with the fluorescent dye fast blue (FB) were successfully transplanted into juvenile myelin‐deficient rat spinal cord under direct observation. Clusters of myelinated fibers were found subsequently in the recipient spinal cord, and, by fluorescence microscopy, clusters of FB‐labeled cells were found at corresponding sites. The results indicate that the surgical approach used is suitable for transplantation of tissue fragments into a defined region of juvenile rat spinal cord, that FB can be used to locate the transplanted cells subsequently, and that FB does not interfere with maturation of the donor glia or with myelin formation.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of amelogenin penetration toward the dental pulp in the early stages of ameloblast development in rat molar tooth germs
Authors: Inai Tetsuichiro , Kukita Toshio , Ohsaki Yasuyoshi , Nagata Kengo , Kukita Akiko , Kurisu Kojiro 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn order to examine the synthesis and secretion of enamel protein by ameloblasts in their early stages of development, immunohistochemical localization was carried out at light and electron microscopic levels using a monoclonal antibody produced in a preliminary experiment. Materials used were tooth germs of mandibular first molars of rats at 0–5 days after birth.Immunoblot analysis after two‐dimensional electrophoresis revealed that antigen molecules recognized by the monoclonal antibody were amelogenins of 26–28 kDa (pI, 6.6–7.0).An immunohistochemical examination using this monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the presecretory ameloblasts in their early stages of differentiation both synthesized amelogenin and secreted through a classical merocrine secretory pathway. In some presecretory ameloblasts as well as ameloblasts we observed the distended cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) which demonstrated heterogenous immunolabelling. The immunolabellings were also detected in the predentin as well as the intercellular spaces of odontoblasts and dental pulp cells which indicated penetration of amelogenin from the presecretory ameloblast layer to the dental pulp. The presence of coated pits at the plasma membrane of odontoblasts in close proximity to enamel protein along with the immunolabelling of lysosomes of the odontoblasts suggests the phagocytosis of the enamel protein into the odontoblasts. These observations suggest the possibility that the penetration of enamel protein toward the dental pulp and odontoblasts plays a role in the interaction between ameloblasts and odontoblasts.
Cellular distribution of inhibin in marmoset testes during development
Authors: Garde Seema V. , Sheth Anil R. , Kulkarni Sujata A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUsing polyclonal antibodies against a 13 KD human testicular inhibin, immunocytochemical localization studies were carried out in marmoset monkey testes. The pattern as well as the intensity of immunocytochemical staining for inhibin vary substantially during development. In early development (day 1 to 2 months) Leydig cells are the predominant cell types showing intense staining which reaches its nadir at 3 months. Subsequently both Sertoli cells as well as Leydig cells show equal intensity of inhibin staining. Testicular inhibin is likely to play a vital role in cell to cell communication.
Features of polyingression and primitive streak ingression through the basal lamina in the chicken blastoderm
Authors: Harrisson Fernand , Callebaut Marc , Vakaet Lucien 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe de‐epithelialization of cells of the upper layer during the phenomena of polyingression and primitive streak ingression was studied by analyzing, from the time of laying to the end of gastrulation, the ultrastructure of the basal lamina underlying the upper layer. The electron density of the basal lamina and associated extracellular materials was enhanced by addition of tannic acid to the fixative. Special attention was also paid to the spatial and temporal distribution of blebs at the basal surface of the upper layer, and to the contribution of the de‐epithelialized cells to the formation of the deep layer. The results indicate that a nascent basal lamina is already present at the time of laying, especially beneath regions of the area pellucida where polyingression is not apparent. From the onset of incubation, the basal lamina rapidly develops, and it is interrupted by a large number of blebs. However, during the first 6–8 h of incubation, i.e., stages 1–2 of Vakaet (Arch. Biol. (Liège) 81:387–426, 1970), a downward movement of deepithelialized cells that insert into the deep layer and form the endophyll persists cranially. This phenomenon of polyingression, which starts during the intrauterine period, probably extends from caudal to cranial and comes to an end by stage 3. During these first three stages, the number of blebs progressively decreases, especially in the cranial part of the area pellucida, and a thicker, continuous basal lamina associated with numerous interstitial bodies is laid down. The caudal part of the upper layer is still actively blebbing at that time. Due to the convergence of this area toward the axis of the blastoderm, which leads to ingression at and elongation of the primitive streak up to and including stage 6, the number of blebs at the basal surface of the upper layer progressively decreases. From stage 7 on, blebs are virtually absent; shortening of the primitive streak and formation of the head process begin. At the level of the head process, primitive streak ingression has ceased and a novel basal lamina is progressively deposited beneath the upper layer. By stage 9, a thick, smooth basal lamina physically separates the upper layer from the head mesenchyme. Summarizing, at the time of gastrulation, the presence of blebs that perforate the basal lamina is correlated with the de‐epithelialization of cells. Before incubation, however, de‐epithelialization of upper‐layer cells occurs before the assembly of the basal lamina. Up to stage 3, the de‐epithelializing cells, randomly distributed in an area in front of the limit of primitive streak ingression, insert into the deep layer and form endophyll. Behind this limit, the de‐epithelialization occurs at the level of the primitive streak only and leads to the formation of mesoblast and, from stage 4 on, of definitive endoblast.
Norepinephrine‐induced cardiac hypertrophy of the cat heart
Authors: Marino Thomas A. , Cassidy Michael , Marino Deborah R. , Carson Nancy L. , Houser Steven 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNorepinephrine administration causes progressive hypertrophy of the mammalian heart as measured by myocardial mass. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth response of the myocardial tissue components as well as the myocardial cell itself to norepinephrine. Young, adult cats were given low doses of norepinephrine in dextrose or dextrose alone twice daily for 15 days. On day 16, there were no changes in the animals body weight, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, heart rate, cardiac index, or blood pressure. However, the right ventricle/body weight, the left ventricle/body weight and the total heart weight/body weight were increased significantly in the norepinephrine treated animals. The increase was on the order of 40%. The cardiac muscle cell was also significantly increased in size and both the right and left ventricular cardiac muscle cells exhibited a dramatic increase in size as measured by cross sectional area. Upon stereological examination it was found that the amount of hypertrophy as seen in the cardiac muscle cells was paralleled by the hypertrophy seen in the other tissue components of the myocardium. The volume density of the muscle cells, the interstitial components, as well as the blood vessel compartment were identical in the control and in the norepinephrine‐treated groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the response of the myocardium to norepinephrine is similar to that seen in response to a volume overload rather than that seen in response to pressure overload.
Study of the development of the atrioventricular conduction system as a consequence of observing an extra atrioventricular node in the normal heart of a human fetus
Authors: Doméanech‐Mateu J. M. , Arnó‐Palau A. , Martíanez‐Pozo A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe have observed an extra atrioventricular node in the normal heart of a human fetus. It is located in the septal wall of the right atrium, subendocardially, and just where Todaro's tendon leaves this wall to go toward the inferior vena cava valve. In its trajectory, this tendon gives way to a remarkable prominence in the cavity of the right atrium: the sinus band. In order to explain the embryogenesis of this extra atrioventricular node, we have studied the normal development of the atrioventricular specific system and have concluded that the atrioventricular node is formed from a growth and displacement toward the atrium of the primitive atrioventricular specific material, which originates from the myocardium of the posterior wall of the atrioventricular canal. Likewise, during its development, the atrioventricular node keeps in close proximity with the Todaro's tendon. In our view, this accounts for the embryogenesis of the extra atrioventricular node, since a fragment of the atrioventricular node can remain cranial to Todaro's tendon and be displaced by it in a craniodorsal direction. This fragment would then lead to the formation of an extra atrioventricular node like the one present in the heart of the fetus we have examined.
Heterogeneity among ovarian blood vessels: Endogenous hepatic lipase is concentrated in blood vessels of rat corpora lutea
Authors: Hixenbaugh Elizabeth A. , Paavola Laurie G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe used indirect immunofluorescence and immunogold light microscopy to examine the distribution of hepatic lipase, an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism, in ovaries of gonadotropin‐treated immature rats. Antibodies utilized were rabbit anti‐rat hepatic lipase IgG, anti‐rat von Willebrand factor (VWF, an endothelial cell marker), and goat anti‐rabbit IgG conjugated to gold particles or rhodamine. Immunoreagents were applied to fresh frozen sections of unfixed ovary or liver (positive control) or were delivered to ovaries by vascular perfusion before fixation in situ and silver‐enhancement of sections. Appropriate controls verified that the immunolocalizations were specific. Immunofluorescence implied that luteal but not stromal blood vessels of ovaries were positive for hepatic lipase, whereas luteal and stromal blood vessels bore VWF. The improved morphology gained by perfusing ovaries with antibodies allowed precise localization of the enzyme. Hepatic lipase was concentrated within thin‐walled vessels of corpora lutea but not those of stroma in ovaries at the time of peak steroidogenic activity. Quantification of hepatic lipase‐labeled vessels in stromal and luteal compartments confirmed our visual impression. Many images suggested that stromal vessels lacking hepatic lipase gained this enzyme upon contact with luteal tissue. Perfusion of ovaries with cationized ferritin labeled all ovarian vessels equally well, ruling out the possibility that the observed distribution of hepatic lipase was artifactual. These findings demonstrate that ovarian blood vessels are heterogeneous for hepatic lipase. Moreover, they imply that luteal tissue, perhaps luteal cells, may influence expression of hepatic lipase binding sites by endothelial cells.
Intracellular variation of rat intestinal mucin granules localized by monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Oliver Mary G. , Specian Robert D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies produced against rat small intestinal mucins were utilized to study variability of stored mucin granules within rat ileal goblet cells. Eleven antibody‐secreting hybridoma cultures were produced; six of these uniformly labeled stored mucin granules in virtually all goblet cells, suggesting that some antigenic features are common to all granules. The other five stained goblet cells in the rat small intestinal epithelium nonuniformly. R803, R805, and R807 localized within almost all goblet cells but revealed differential labeling of centrally and peripherally located mucin granules. R804 uniformly labeled the mucin granules of most villous goblet cells; some of the crypt goblet cells were uniformly labeled, but the majority were only partially labeled, resulting in a mottled staining pattern. R808 stained only a small portion of crypt goblet cells; there is, however, an increase in both number of goblet cells labeled and in uniformity of staining of the stored granule mass from the base of the crypt to the surface, resulting in uniform labeling of virtually all goblet cells at the villus tip. This study demonstrates for the first time that rat small intestinal mucin granules are immunologically heterogeneous and nonuniformly distributed within the epithelium. Additionally, staining patterns within the stored granule mass suggest that structurally distinct subpopulations of mucin granules may exist within a single goblet cell.
Anatomic distribution of autonomic neural tissue in the developing dog heart: II. Nonadrenergic noncholinergic innervation by calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive tissue
Authors: Ursell Philip C. , Ren Chao Ling , Danilo Peter 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe used immunocytochemical localization of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) to trace the ontogenesis and anatomic distribution of this component of nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) innervation in fetal, neonatal, and mature canine hearts and autonomic ganglia which control cardiac function. Rare varicose CGRP‐immunoreactive nerve processes were present in the heart during late gestation. Abundant CGRP‐immunoreactive neural tissue in the neonate suggested a burst of NANC innervation around birth. Neonatal, 1‐, and 2‐month‐old animals all had many varicose individual nerve processes in addition to processes within bundles; however, the density of all CGRP‐immunoreactive tissue appeared to decrease during this stage of development. Similarly, there were relatively more varicose stained nerve processes in the epicardial ganglia and numerous CGRP‐immunoreactive cells and smooth nerve processes in the stellate ganglia of the neonate, as compared with older animals. In the mature animal CGRP‐immunoreactive neural tissue in the heart was more sparse and largely confined to heterogeneous nerve bundles in the epicardium. The extramural coronary arteries were virtually the only site of innervation by individual nerve processes; CGRP‐immunoreactive neural tissue was not found adjacent to working cardiac muscle fibers. At all developmental stages, the area of the sinoatrial node was the primary focus of CGRP innervation, although the atrioventricular nodal region was also preferentially innervated. In general, the atria contained more CGRP‐immunoreactive tissue than the ventricles, which were only sparsely innervated. The perinatal peak in density of CGRP‐immunoreactive neural tissue with subsequent decline to reach the adult pattern suggests a developmental role for NANC innervation in the dog heart.
Further evidence of the presence of rat embryonic hypothalamic factors that induce the differentiation of gonadotrophic hormone‐releasing hormone‐containing secretory neurons
Authors: Daikoku Shigeo , Daikoku‐Ishido Harumi , Okamura Yoshihito , Chikamori‐Aoyama Mika , Yokote Ryoji 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe examined the presence of factor(s) in the embryonic medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) that may influence nasal placode (NAP)‐derived luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons in determining their secretory phenotype. In this study, we performed organotypic culture and transplantation of the NAP from 12.5‐day‐old embryos of rats and vomeronasal organ (VNO) from 14.5‐day‐old embryos. Surgical operations, however, were performed on 16.5‐day‐old embryos. The NAP and VNO were cultured singly or with the MBH obtained from the embryos of the same age and, further, in a medium with a nerve growth factor or fibroblast growth factors. Although LHRH neurons were derived from the NAP and VNO in all the cultures, judging from numbers and cellular morphologies, the MBH was most effective. The VNO was transplanted into the third ventricle of adult female rats singly or with the cerebral cortex, the mesencephalon‐myelencephalon complex, or the MBH from 14.5‐day‐old embryos. All the grafts gave rise to LHRH neurons, but the number of the neurons was far greater in the grafts cotransplanted with the MBH, in which the neurons projected long processes to blood capillaries and formed neurovascular complexes, the feature of which may suggest the occurrence of the secretory activity in the fibers. The animals were examined 5 days after the surgical operations. In rhinoectomized embryos, LHRH neurons were distributed throughout the brain in the same pattern as found in intact rats, showing normal cellular morphology. In the encephalectomized rats, immunoreactive LHRH cells were present only in the terminal ganglia. These findings indicate that the embryonal MBH has a factor (s) that is essential to the development of secretory LHRH neurons.
Cervical lymph nodes and mast cells in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata
Authors: Haynes Julie I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA study of the cervical lymph nodes from the fat‐tailed dunnart, Sminthopsis crassicaudata, revealed the nodes were pigmented with lipofuscin and contained many large cells which were identified as mast cells from their ultrastructure and histochemical staining properties. It is believed that the very high density of mast cells in the cervical lymph nodes contributed to an increase in size of these organs compared to other animals. Very high levels of histamine (90μpg/g)were found in the nodes. Cervical lymph nodes with these unusual features were found not only in healthy, unprimed laboratory bred adults, but also in pouch young, wild caught animals, and adults of the closely related species, Sminthopsis macroura.A comparison of the histochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells from various organs of adult S. crassicaudata was also made. Mast cells from lymph node, skin, tongue, salivary glands, intestinal mucosa, and spleen showed slight variations in staining and structure.