bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention modulates early visual processing: An association between subjective contrast perception and early C1 ERP component
Authors: Pan Wang‐Nan , Zhao Yu‐Wan , Luo Zi‐Xi , Chen Yue , Cai Yong‐Chun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe question of whether spatial attention can modulate initial afferent activity in area V1, as measured by the earliest visual event‐related potential (ERP) component “C1”, is still the subject of debate. Because attention always enhances behavioral performance, previous research has focused on finding evidence of attention‐related enhancements in visual neural responses. However, recent psychophysical studies revealed a complex picture of attention's influence on visual perception: attention amplifies the perceived contrast of low‐contrast stimuli while dampening the perceived contrast of high‐contrast stimuli. This evidence suggests that attention may not invariably augment visual neural responses but could instead exert inhibitory effects under certain circumstances. Whether this bi‐directional modulation of attention also manifests in C1 and whether the modulation of C1 underpins the attentional influence on contrast perception remain unknown. To address these questions, we conducted two experiments (N = 67 in total) by employing a combination of behavioral and ERP methodologies. Our results did not unveil a uniform attentional enhancement or attenuation effect of C1 across all subjects. However, an intriguing correlation between the attentional effects of C1 and contrast appearance for high‐contrast stimuli did emerge, revealing an association between attentional modulation of C1 and the attentional modulation of contrast appearance. This finding offers new insights into the relationship between attention, perceptual experience, and early visual neural processing, suggesting that the attentional effect on subjective visual perception could be mediated by the attentional modulation of the earliest visual cortical response.
(De)Centering Whiteness through community dialogues about safety problems and solutions
Authors: Quick Kathryn S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhat happens to problem‐solution pathways when racism is prominent in a public policy issue and a group of stakeholders—the majority of whom are White—dialogue about desired policy changes? I examine this question through a case study of community dialogues about policing, safety, race, and White privilege after Philando Castile was killed by a police officer. Through longitudinal, ethnographic analysis, I trace how a series of deliberative dialogues made White complicity in racism visible, leading to problem‐solution pathways expanding beyond an initial focus on policing reform to also incorporate White residents' making deeper commitments to anti‐racism and inclusion. This shift occurred through the sequencing of topics, slowing down the pace of problem definition, building relationships, dialogue norms and facilitation methodologies, and BIPOC participants' labor. I conclude with suggestions for more constructive democratic processes to support anti‐racist governance.
Quantifying economic impacts of trade agreements with heterogeneous trade elasticities
Authors: Kee Hiau Looi , Nicita Alessandro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBilateral trade relationships between countries vary across products. Such heterogeneity poses challenges when assessing the economic impacts of trade agreements. This paper estimates bilateral trade elasticities at the product level and explores these impacts using a hypothetical no‐deal Brexit as an example. Our findings indicate that the European Union's demand for the United Kingdom products is often less elastic compared to products from other trading partners. We also observed substantial heterogeneity in the elasticities across products and a negative correlation between these elasticities and tariffs. These factors mitigate extent of trade welfare losses compared to a scenario using homogeneous elasticities.
Coping with job loss: evidence from military base closures
Authors: Dahlberg Matz , Martén Linna , Öckert Björn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe examine how workers adjust in response to an unexpected job loss. Using the closure of military bases in Sweden, we find that displaced workers experience permanent income losses and immediately adjust along two main channels: regional and sector mobility. Displaced military workers are more likely to move to another municipality, start commuting, and change sectors. We also find that workers with mobility restrictions are less likely to change regions and they exhibit lower earnings in the longer run, a result that might help to explain some of the permanent income losses found in the literature.
Franklin Roosevelt, the “Third New Deal,” and the transformation of partisanship
Authors: Milkis Sidney M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article focuses on Franklin Roosevelt's influence on the Democratic Party. It brings to light the significant, but underexamined “Third New Deal,” the controversial program Roosevelt pursued during his second and third terms. Shortly after his landslide 1936 re‐election, Roosevelt pursued three polarizing initiatives: the Court‐Packing Plan, the 1937 executive reorganization bill, and the 1938 “purge” campaign. These measures, while far from completely successful, began an important transformation that replaced the decentralized, patronage‐based party system, which had dominated the 19th century and remained regnant through the first three decades of the 20th century, with an executive‐centered partisanship, which subordinated parties to the ambitions of the White House. Roosevelt's assault on existing partisan practices—most notably, the unprecedented “purge” campaign—imposed his personal brand on the Democratic Party. More broadly, his profound influence on the Democratic Party led to what Max Weber called the “routinization of charisma,” whereby the disruptive leadership of a charismatic leader is displaced by a “mechanism of rules” that transcend “personal authority.” The deinstitutionalization of the Democratic Party was part of a broader objective to build an executive‐centered administrative state that Roosevelt and his political allies considered a more effective means to pursue their partisan objectives. Ronald Reagan's presidency signaled that Republicans, no less than Democrats, embraced executive‐centered partisanship. Eventually, as became all too clear during the presidency of Donald Trump, the fusion of executive prerogative and partisanship resulted in a “personal president,” as Theodore Lowi termed it, and a plebiscitary politics that denigrated political parties as collective organizations and threatened to turn political parties into cults of personality.
Structural Ambiguity and the Architecture of Language1
Authors: Fortuny Jordi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article investigates what structural ambiguity reveals about the architecture of language. It analyzes two basic types of structural ambiguity, constituent ambiguity and chain formation ambiguity, and illustrates with a small class of selected case studies how they interweave. It observes that several movement locality constraints have the effect of reducing chain formation ambiguities; however, it argues that movement locality constraints are not primarily motivated to reduce ambiguity. Finally, it defends that structural ambiguity is due to a loss of resolution at the PF branch of the language faculty.
Detrital peridotite minerals reveal recycled arc mantle beneath Marion Rise, Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Lin Yin‐Zheng , Liu Chuan‐Zhou , Dick Henry J. B. , Mitchell Ross N. , Wu Shi‐Tou , Liu Tong , Zhang Wei‐Qi , Zhang Zhen‐Yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe recycling of subcontinental lithospheric mantle back into the asthenosphere during continental breakup is potentially a major but underappreciated process in plate tectonics. Here, we report major and trace elements for detrital peridotite minerals in carbonate breccias dredged from the Marion Rise, Southwest Indian Ridge. With an emphasis on the trace elements of the relatively abundant orthopyroxene detrital grains, the results show that a portion of pyroxene grains was likely derived from a mantle source that experienced hydrous melting and slab‐derived melt metasomatism above a subduction zone. This finding provides a novel view into the mantle geochemistry at midocean ridges, as well as evidence that Marion Rise is at least partially supported by chemically buoyant recycled refractory mantle wedge material.
An Information‐Theoretic Account of Availability Effects in Language Production
Authors: Futrell Richard 
Published: December 2023

AbstractI present a computational‐level model of language production in terms of a combination of information theory and control theory in which words are chosen incrementally in order to maximize communicative value subject to an information‐theoretic capacity constraint. The theory generally predicts a tradeoff between ease of production and communicative accuracy. I apply the theory to two cases of apparent availability effects in language production, in which words are selected on the basis of their accessibility to a speaker who has not yet perfectly planned the rest of the utterance. Using corpus data on English relative clause complementizer dropping and experimental data on Mandarin noun classifier choice, I show that the theory reproduces the observed phenomena, providing an alternative account to Uniform Information Density and a promising general model of language production which is tightly linked to emerging theories in computational neuroscience.
Improved control of Taraxacum officinale with 2,4‐D in the field from ammonium sulphate additions
Authors: Schortgen Geoffrey P. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTaraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers (dandelion) is a common weed of cool‐season turfgrass with 2,4‐D as the most commonly used herbicide for its control. Hard water is known to antagonise 2,4‐D dimethylamine herbicide efficacy in greenhouse studies, and this antagonism is mitigated by adding the water conditioning agent ammonium sulphate (AMS) to spray mixtures. As greenhouse herbicide efficacy trials do not always provide similar control to field studies, this experiment was undertaken to determine how hard water and AMS influences 2,4‐D dimethylamine control of T. officinale in established lawns. Hard water was prepared to achieve 0, 275, 450 and 675 mg CaCO3 L−1. The 2,4‐D was applied at each hardness level with and without AMS at 20 g L−1 in eight separate field trials across three sites and two seasons. Regardless of water hardness level, 2,4‐D treatments with AMS added reduced T. officinale cover at 52 weeks after application (WAA) compared to those without AMS. Similarly, fewer T. officinale plants were recorded when adding AMS to 2,4‐D. Taraxacum officinale cover at 52 WAA was higher when applied in water with a hardness of 450 mg CaCO3 L−1 or more compared to applications in distilled water (0 mg CaCO3 L−1). When hard water antagonism occurred, the addition of AMS to the spray mixture reduced the antagonism. Based on this field experiment and consistent with greenhouse experiments, applicators should mix AMS at 20 g L−1 when applying 2,4‐D dimethylamine, especially in hard water.
Dirichlet systems with discrete relativistic operator
Authors: Cabada Alberto , Jebelean Petru , Şerban Călin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe are concerned with Dirichlet systems involving the relativistic discrete operator
Here, for , we denote by the forward difference operator. Besides a “universal” existence result for a system with a general nonlinearity, we obtain multiplicity of solutions for systems with parameterized nonlinearities. Our approaches mainly rely on Brouwer degree arguments and critical point theory for convex, lower semicontinuous perturbations of ‐functionals.
Lifting problem for universal quadratic forms over totally real cubic number fields
Authors: Kim Daejun , Lee Seok Hyeong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLifting problem for universal quadratic forms asks for totally real number fields that admit a positive definite quadratic form with coefficients in that is universal over the ring of integers of . In this paper, we show is the only such totally real cubic field. Moreover, we show that there is no such biquadratic field.
Algorithm 1039: Automatic Generators for a Family of Matrix Multiplication Routines with Apache TVM
Authors: Alaejos Guillermo , Castelló Adrián , Alonso-Jordá Pedro , Igual Francisco D. , Martínez Héctor , Quintana-Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: December 2023

We explore the utilization of the Apache TVM open source framework to automatically generate a family of algorithms that follow the approach taken by popular linear algebra libraries, such as GotoBLAS2, BLIS, and OpenBLAS, to obtain high-performance blocked formulations of the general matrix multiplication (
gemm
). In addition, we fully automatize the generation process by also leveraging the Apache TVM framework to derive a complete variety of the processor-specific micro-kernels for
gemm
. This is in contrast with the convention in high-performance libraries, which hand-encode a single micro-kernel per architecture using Assembly code. In global, the combination of our TVM-generated blocked algorithms and micro-kernels for
gemm
(1) improves portability, maintainability, and, globally, streamlines the software life cycle; (2) provides high flexibility to easily tailor and optimize the solution to different data types, processor architectures, and matrix operand shapes, yielding performance on a par (or even superior for specific matrix shapes) with that of hand-tuned libraries; and (3) features a small memory footprint.
Physical Activity and Mammographic Density in Japanese Women
Authors: Lee Mihye , Kotake Rina , Yamauchi Hideko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Dense breast is one of the strong risk factors for breast cancer among women. While it has been established that physical activity is associated with decreased risk for breast cancer, results have been inconsistent in terms of mammographic density. Thus, we examined physical activity in relation to mammographic density among Japanese women in Tokyo.

Methods:
We used 123,026 records from 33,698 Japanese women without a history of breast cancer who got mammograms at St. Luke's International Hospital in Tokyo, Japan from 2004 to 2019. Mammographic density was classified according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), and women self-reported their physical activity level over the past year. ORs were estimated using logistic generalized estimating equations after adjusting for age, body mass index, menopausal status, parity, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, hormone therapy use, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and year.

Results:
We observed inverse associations of physical activity with dense breasts. Adjusted ORs were 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.00) for women with physical exercise for 1–2 days per week, 0.94 (0.88–0.99) for those with physical exercise for 3–5 days per week, and 0.91 (0.84–0.99) for those with daily physical exercise when compared with those reported seldom physical exercise.

Conclusions:
Higher levels of physical activity may be associated with decreased mammographic density levels in Japanese women.

Impact:
Increasing physical activity may serve as a reasonable intervention to reduce mammographic density, and thereby, to mitigate the risk of breast cancer in Asian women.
Effect of Flecainide and Ibutilide Alone and in Combination to Terminate and Prevent Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Burashnikov Alexander , Di Diego José M. , Patocskai Bence , Echt Debra S. , Belardinelli Luiz , Antzelevitch Charles 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
There is a need for improved approaches to rhythm control therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF).

METHODS:
The effectiveness of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) and ibutilide (20 nmol/L), alone and in combination, to cardiovert and prevent AF recurrence was studied in canine-isolated coronary–perfused right atrioventricular preparations. We also examined the safety of the combination of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) and ibutilide (50 nmol/L) using canine left ventricular wedge preparations.

RESULTS:

Sustained AF (>1 hour) was inducible in 100%, 60%, 20%, and 0% of atria in the presence of acetylcholine alone, acetylcholine+ibutilide, acetylcholine+flecainide, and acetylcholine+ibutilide+flecainide, respectively. When used alone, flecainide and ibutilide cardioverted sustained AF in 40% and 20% of atria, respectively, but in 100% of atria when used in combination. Ibutilide prolonged atrial and ventricular effective refractory period by 15% and 8%, respectively, at a cycle length of 500 ms (
P
<0.05 for both). Flecainide increased the effective refractory period in atria by 27% (
P
<0.01) but by only 2% in the ventricles. The combination of the 2 drugs lengthened the effective refractory period by 42% in atria (
P
<0.01) but by only 7% (
P
<0.05) in the ventricles. In left ventricular wedges, ibutilide prolonged QT and T
peak
-T
end
intervals by 25 and 55%, respectively (
P
<0.05 for both; cycle length, 2000 ms). The addition of flecainide (1.5 µmol/L) partially reversed these effects (
P
<0.05 for both parameters versus ibutilide alone). Torsades de Pointes score was relatively high with ibutilide alone and low with the drug combination.

CONCLUSIONS:
In our experimental model, a combination of flecainide and ibutilide significantly improves cardioversion and prevents the recurrence of AF compared with monotherapies with little to no risk for the development of long-QT–mediated ventricular proarrhythmia.
Uncertainty of Atmospheric Winds in Three Widely Used Global Reanalysis Datasets
Authors: Wu Longtao , Su Hui , Zeng Xubin , Posselt Derek J. , Wong Sun , Chen Shuyi , Stoffelen Ad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric winds are crucial to the transport of heat, moisture, momentum, and chemical species, facilitating Earth’s climate system interactions. Existing weather and climate studies rely heavily on the wind fields from reanalysis datasets. In this study, we analyze the uncertainty of instantaneous atmospheric winds in three reanalysis (ERA5, MERRA-2, and CFSv2) datasets. We show that the mean wind vector differences (WVDs) between the reanalysis datasets are about 3–6 m s−1 in the troposphere. The mean absolute wind direction differences can be more than 50°. Large WVDs greater than 5 m s−1 are found for 30%–50% of the time when the observed precipitation rate is larger than 0.1 mm h−1 over the eastern Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and some mountain areas. The mean WVDs exhibit seasonal variations but no significant diurnal variations. The uncertainty of vertical wind shear has a correlation of 0.59 with the uncertainty of winds at 300 hPa. The magnitudes of vorticity and horizontal divergence uncertainties are on the order of 1 × 10−5 s−1, which is comparable to the mean values of vorticity and horizontal divergence. In comparison with some limited observations from field campaigns, the reanalysis datasets exhibit a mean WVD ranging from 2 to 4.5 m s−1. Among the three reanalysis datasets, ERA5 shows the closest agreement with the observations while MERRA-2 has the largest discrepancy. The substantial uncertainty and errors of the reanalysis wind products highlight the critical need for new satellite missions dedicated to 3D wind measurements.
Sago starch and esterified sago starch as eco-friendly fillers for rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Ruamcharoen Jareerat , Phetphaisit Chor Wayakron , Chanlert Purintorn , Cheming Sameela , Ruamcharoen Polphat 
Published: December 2023

Novel fillers from sago starch and esterified sago starch were employed as natural fillers for rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). Sago starch was esterified by maleic anhydride, resulting in the presence of ester groups on the starch structure. Filled RPUFs were prepared with 0.5-7.0 wt% of starch fillers in the polyol component. The influence of filler type and content on the cell morphology and properties of the RPUFs was analyzed. The results revealed that the esterified sago starch showed better compatibility with polyurethane matrix than the sago starch, which in turn impacted the cellular morphology and physico-mechanical properties of the resulting RPUFs. The density and compressive strength of the RPUFs filled with esterified sago starch were higher than those filled with unmodified sago starch, while their water absorption, and volume shrinkage were lower. The findings also suggested that the compressive strength and density of filled RPUFs increased with starch filler content up to the optimal point and then decreased. This was due to the impact of filler content on cell size, with smaller cell size at low filler content leading to increased strength and density, whereas larger cell size and more open cells at higher filler content reducing strength and density. The best properties were obtained with 1.0 wt% of unmodified sago starch and 0.5 wt% of esterified sago starch in the polyol component.
Characteristics of blasting vibration induced by short-delay cylindrical charges based on Heelan model
Authors: Qiu Xianyang , Shen Wenbo , Qiu Hongjie , Shi Xiuzhi , Zhang Shian , Cao Rihong 
Published: December 2023

As the electronic detonators can control the detonation error within 1 ms, short-delay blasting was nowadays proposed to replace multi-hole simultaneous blasting to reduce the vibration hazards. In this study, the Heelan model was used to study blast-induced vibration of short-delay cylindrical charges. The influence of delay time on the vector peak particle velocity ( VPPV) of superimposed vibration waveforms was analyzed and the calculating formula of the shortest delay time between adjacent holes based on vibration reduction was established. It is found that as the delay time increases, the overlapping area of VPPV becomes further away from the explosion source. The main influencing factors for the shortest delay time between holes include the distance between the monitoring point and the explosion source, the difference between P wave and S wave velocities, and the duration of S wave in the first and second explosion holes. As the distance from the explosion source increases, the shortest inter hole delay time based on vibration reduction also increases. The research results have guiding significance for the control of blasting vibration in underground mines.