bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF ANTIBODIES IN THE SKIN SENSITIVE TYPE OF HUMAN ALLERGY
Authors: Sherman William B. , Hampton Stanley F. , Cooke Robert A. 
Published: June 2004

1. Quantitative studies of the skin-sensitizing antibodies, blocking antibodies, and hemagglutinins in sera of allergic human beings have been made.
2. A comparison of 12 maternal and the 12 corresponding cord sera by the method of passive transfer showed the human placenta to be impermeable to skin-sensitizing antibodies.
3. Direct skin tests and passive transfer studies of 6 infants at the ages of 3 to 6 months showed negative reactions to the antigens to which their mothers were sensitive.
4. The blocking antibody present in the sera of hay fever patients after treatment with pollen extract injections was also demonstrated in the cord sera. The apparent placental transmission of this antibody gave further evidence that it was distinct from the skin-sensitizing antibody. Infant sera obtained at the ages of 3 to 6 months showed no evidence of this immune antibody.
5. The cord sera from 4 of these cases were shown to contain the same isoagglutinins as the maternal sera, showing that the placentas were permeable to these antibodies. The mothers and their offspring reacted alike to Schick testing.
6. Typhoid agglutinins were demonstrated in maternal and cord sera of an adult who previously received injections of triple typhoid vaccine, whereas the serum of the corresponding infant at the age of 3 months failed to show agglutinins.
A STUDY OF THE NEUROTROPIC TENDENCY IN STRAINS OF THE VIRUS OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA
Authors: Francis Thomas , Moore Alice E. 
Published: June 2004

The demonstration by Stuart-Harris that the W.S. strain of epidemic influenza virus can induce a fatal nervous disease in mice has been confirmed.
In contrast, however, no previous period of adaptation to chick embryonic brain was required. By serial brain to brain passages in mice originally inoculated with the virus cultivated in the usual chick embryo culture medium a fatal disease, essentially meningeal in character, is produced.
The Melbourne strain has been similarly enhanced while other strains have failed to reveal any neurotropic tendencies.
The evidence indicates that the neurotropic characteristic is present in the two strains as an inherent quality which is quantitatively heightened and does not represent the acquisition of a property not previously present.
REDUCTION OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS AND ANIMALS WITH EXTRACTS OF KIDNEYS
Authors: Page Irvine H. , Helmer O. M. , Kohlstaedt K. G. , Fouts P. J. , Kempf G. F. 
Published: June 2004

1. Extracts of kidneys have been prepared containing a substance which lowers arterial blood pressure for prolonged periods in patients with essential and malignant hypertension, and in hypertensive dogs and rats.
2. Several different chemical procedures are proposed for the preparation of the extract. The best one has not been decided upon.
3. The quantity of original fresh whole kidney required to yield enough extract to lower blood pressure from hypertensive levels (200 mm. Hg mean pressure) to normal levels is roughly 600 to 900 gm. in dogs within 4 to 8 days. In hypertensive patients the yield from 700 to 1000 gm. daily for several weeks may be necessary.
4. Lowering of the blood pressure too rapidly in animals results in a shock syndrome which may be fatal. If overdosage is avoided, no appreciable rise in blood urea nitrogen occurs, nor do other signs of toxicity appear.
5. Lowering of blood pressure to nearly normal levels has been accomplished in 60 hypertensive dogs, and in some of these it has been allowed to rise and was again reduced as many as five times. Similar results have been obtained with hypertensive rats.
6. Six patients with essential hypertension have been treated resulting in prolonged reduction of blood pressure. Clinically the patients appear improved.
7. Five patients with malignant hypertension have been treated, with reduction of the blood pressure in all instances. One patient was treated despite urea clearance of 5 per cent of normal. His blood pressure was sharply reduced, but death in uremia occurred. The second patient also exhibited sharp reduction of pressure and died after treatment was discontinued. The other three are much improved after treatment, as indicated by increase in vision and mental activity, loss of dyspnea, improvement in the electrocardiogram, etc.
8. The length of time the blood pressure remains lowered varies greatly in both animals and man. The trend is usually upwards after discontinuing treatment for 4 to 6 days.
9. Increasing experience with this treatment suggests that it is of value in the management of hypertension, but it is yet in the experimental stage.
CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER CAUSED BY EXCESS DIETARY CYSTINE
Authors: Earle David P. , Victor Joseph 
Published: June 2004

1. Cystine fed to young albino rats as 10 per cent of the diet resulted in: (a) Portal hemorrhagic necrosis, resembling eclampsia, within 3 or 4 days. (b) A high mortality rate. (c) Fatty infiltration of hepatic cells in all rats surviving the initial acute lesion. (d) Cirrhosis of the liver in rats surviving more than 2 weeks.
2. 5 per cent dietary cystine produced marked fatty infiltration of the liver, followed by portal hemorrhagic necrosis. Cirrhosis was present in one of the two rats on the diet for 6 weeks.
3. The livers of rats fed 5 or 10 per cent cystine diets followed by the McCollum stock diet, showed evidence of residual cellular damage, and of regeneration as shown by mitotic figures.
4. In this series of 30 rats on excess dietary cystine, a renal lesion was found in only one case.
A VIRUS FROM CASES OF ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Authors: Eaton Monroe D. , Beck M. Dorthy , Pearson Harold E. 
Published: June 2004

From the lungs of two fatal cases and from the sputum of two non-fatal cases of atypical bronchopneumonia, a psittacosis-like virus was isolated by direct intranasal inoculation of mice. Intraperitoneal injection of the same human material into mice gave negative results.
The virus has a relatively high virulence for mice by intranasal or intra-cerebral inoculation, but does not kill after intraperitoneal inoculation.
Its virulence for Java ricebirds is low and it fails to produce a carrier state in mice and birds.
Two cases showed an increase in complement-fixing antibodies to the new virus and to psittacosis.
The virus is antigenically related to the viruses of meningopneumonitis and psittacosis by complement fixation and by active immunity tests in mice.
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL STUDIES ON COMPLEMENT OR ALEXIN
Authors: Heidelberger Michael 
Published: June 2004

1. A quantitative micro method, conforming to the criteria of analytical chemistry, is proposed for the estimation of complement, or its combining component or components, in milligrams per milliliter instead of in the customary relative and variable volume units.
2. Data are given showing the range of accuracy and reproducibility of the new method.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Sabin Albert B. , Ward Robert 
Published: June 2004

1. Studies on a large number of tissues obtained from fatal cases of human poliomyelitis have revealed that the virus is distributed predominantly in two systems: (a) certain regions of the nervous system, and (b) the alimentary tract.
2. Poliomyelitis virus was demonstrated in the walls of the pharynx, ileum, and only once in those of the descending colon, while the contents of the descending colon regularly contained the virus.
3. The presence of virus in the walls of the alimentary tract appears to be the result neither of generalized dissemination of the virus nor of secondary centrifugal spread, but rather that of primary localization or portal of entry.
4. In the absence of evidence of any demonstrable centrifugal spread to peripheral collections of nerve cells (e.g., in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, suprarenals, salivary glands), the presence of virus in the abdominal sympathetic plexus of one case may be indicative of at least one pathway of centripetal virus progression.
5. The absence of demonstrable virus in the nasal mucosa, olfactory bulbs, and anterior perforated substance suggests that neither the upper respiratory tract nor the olfactory pathway were affected in the cases of human poliomyelitis studied in the present investigation.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Henriksen Sverre D. , Heidelberger Michael 
Published: June 2004

1. Application of the quantitative agglutination procedure to hemolytic streptococci and their antisera is shown to yield values indicative of the antibody content of the antisera in weight units.
2. Estimations are given of type-specific and group-specific antibody in a number of antisera.
3. An incomplete analysis is given of the antigenic components and antibodies involved in the agglutination.
4. Adaptation of the experimental conditions to a simple qualitative type determination of hemolytic streptococci is suggested.
RENAL HYPERTENSION PRODUCED BY AN AMINO ACID
Authors: Bing Richard J. , Zucker Marjorie B. 
Published: June 2004

Acute renal hypertension is produced by the injection of the amino acid dopa (l-dihydroxyphenylalanine) into the partially or completely ischemic kidney of the cat.
Evidence is presented suggesting that the rise in blood pressure following the injection of dopa is caused by its conversion into hydroxytyramine, a pressor amine.
Kidneys with normal blood flow fail to transform dopa into a pressor substance.
THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VIRUS INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Casals J. , Palacios R. 
Published: June 2004

A specific complement fixation test can be obtained in various central nervous system virus infections by using as antigens emulsions of infected brain tissue, freezing and thawing the brain emulsion, and then centrifuging it in an angle head centrifuge at 3500 R.P.M. for 1 hour. The method has proved reliable in the case of rabies, St. Louis encephalitis, Japanese B encephalitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis, louping ill, and spontaneous encephalomyelitis of mice (Theiler's disease).
The specificity of the reaction, regardless of the virus involved, requires different temperatures of inactivation of the sera according to animal species: 56°C. for guinea pig, 60°C. for mouse, and 65°C. for rabbit and dog sera, all heated for 20 minutes. For human sera a temperature of inactivation of 60°C. also for 20 minutes has been adopted; at this temperature the reaction is in general specific.
Complement-fixing antibodies in high titre were found in the sera of rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, and dogs immunized with rabies virus.
Complement-fixing antibodies were present in high titre in sera drawn from two persons 8 years after an attack of louping ill, from five persons 2½ years after an attack of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and from two persons 2½ years after Western equine encephalomyelitis. In cases of St. Louis encephalitis and lymphocytic choriomeningitis, complement-fixing antibodies have been found shortly following infection but not after long periods.
THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS
Authors: Baker Zelma , Harrison R. W. , Miller Benjamin F. ,   With the Technical Assistance of Robert Wexler
Published: June 2004

1. The bactericidal action of a number of anionic and cationic synthetic detergents on four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria has been investigated.
2. Cationic detergents, as a group, were found to exhibit marked bactericidal effects on Gram-positive microorganisms and somewhat less pronounced action on Gram-negative organisms.
3. The anionic detergents were germicidal only against the Gram-positive organisms, and they were considerably less effective than the cationic compounds. Of the anionic detergents, the most active one was an alkyl sulfate derived from a branched-chain, secondary alcohol.
4. Correlations between bactericidal action and inhibition of bacterial metabolism, and also between bactericidal action and chemical structure of the detergents are discussed.
A FURTHER STUDY OF THE CROSS REACTION BETWEEN THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF TYPES III AND VIII PNEUMOCOCCI IN HORSE ANTISERA
Authors: Heidelberger Michael , Kabat Elvin A. , Mayer Manfred 
Published: June 2004

1. The cross reaction of the specific polysaccharide of Type VIII pneumococcus with Type III antipneumococcus horse serum has been studied quantitatively and found similar to the S III-anti-S VIII reaction.
2. Contrasted with the general similarity of the two-segment reaction curves were distinct qualitative and quantitative differences in the course and character of the reciprocal reactions with respect to each segment.
3. These differences could be interpreted in terms of the known chemical differences between the specific polysaccharides of the two types. A minimum molecular weight of 62,000 was calculated for S III and 140,000 for S VIII.
4. It was also found possible to fractionate the Type VIII antibody into portions characteristic of each segment of the cross reaction curve. At least three different kinds of Type III and Type VIII anticarbohydrates were identified.
THE ENDURING PARTNERSHIP OF A NEOPLASTIC VIRUS AND CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: Kidd John G. 
Published: June 2004

The V2 carcinoma—a transplanted rabbit cancer derived originally from a virus-induced papilloma and carrying in masked or altered form the virus primarily responsible for it—was propagated in five successive groups of animals all previously hyperimmunized against the papilloma virus. The cancer grew as well in the hyperimmunized hosts as in normal animals implanted during the same months; and serological tests, made when the tumor was eventually returned to ordinary hosts, proved that the virus was still associated with the carcinoma cells: it had increased to the usual extent as the tumor grew in the hyperimmune animals.
The continued increase of the neoplastic virus during propagation of the V2 carcinoma in hyperimmunized hosts contrasts sharply with the elimination of certain extraneous passenger viruses when the tumors they ride upon are grown in hosts previously immunized against them. The facts as a whole would seem to warrant a distinction between the enduring partnership of a neoplastic virus and carcinoma cells on the one hand and the casual association of passenger viruses with tumor cells on the other.
INFLUENCE OF AGE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LESIONS
Authors: O'Leary James L. , Smith Margaret G. , Reames Harold R. 
Published: June 2004

1. Young mice are more susceptible than older mice to the virus of St. Louis encephalitis inoculated intraperitoneally, but with virus inoculated intracerebrally or intranasally, there is no significant age difference in susceptibility. The greatest change in the resistance to the virus inoculated intraperitoneally occurs between the 2nd and 3rd weeks of life.
2. The distribution of the lesions of St. Louis encephalitis in the C.N.S. of young and of old animals following intraperitoneal inoculation indicates that the virus may reach the brain either by the ascending pathway from the spinal cord or by the olfactory pathway irrespective of the age of the animal. However the ascending pathway is most frequently concerned.
3. The distribution of lesions does not offer evidence that the virus enters the C.N.S. of young animals directly from the blood stream following intraperitoneal inoculation.
4. Although widespread lesions occur earlier in the C.N.S. of young mice than in that of older mice inoculated intraperitoneally with large doses of virus, this fact is not satisfactorily explained by assuming the more rapid increase of the virus in the C.N.S. of young animals, since the latter are not more susceptible to virus inoculated directly into the brain.
5. The observations can be explained by the hypothesis that a greater amount of virus survives and reaches the portals of the C.N.S. in young animals following intraperitoneal inoculation and that this is an important factor in the influence of age on susceptibility to the virus.
A SEROLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF VIRIDANS STREPTOCOCCI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THOSE ISOLATED FROM SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
Authors: Solowey Mathilde 
Published: June 2004

A total of 108 strains of viridans streptococci from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and 99 strains from human throats and extracted teeth have been studied, and approximately two-thirds of all the strains so far have been differentiated into a number of serological groups. The similarity between strains from these sources is evident from the fact that approximately 50 per cent of the reacting strains from each source fall into two groups I and II, and that three groups I, II, and IV, contain streptococci from both sources in approximately the same distribution. Fifteen vaginal strains of viridians streptococci failed, with the exception of one strain, to react with groups I–IV of the endocarditis serums. More than three-fourths of the strains from both sources were Streptococcus salivarius as determined by Sherman's criteria. However, no correlation between the biochemical and serological classification could be made.
It may be concluded that the viridans streptococci are amenable to classification by serological methods. The results so far obtained do not indicate a serological difference between strains of viridans streptococci isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and those isolated from human throats and extracted teeth. The greater definitive value of serological methods in the identification of a particular strain is indicated.
RECIPROCAL TRANSMISSION TESTS WITH INFECTIOUS CATARRH OF CHICKENS, MICE, AND RATS
Authors: Nelson John B. 
Published: June 2004

Infectious catarrh of chickens (fowl coryza of slow onset) was not transmissible to mice or rats by nasal instillation of the specific coccobacilliform bodies. Exudates were also inactive in both rodents on foot pad injection.
The infectious catarrhs of the mouse and the rat were reciprocally transmissible by the nasal injection of exudates or tissue cultures of the respective coccobacilliform bodies and by direct contact. Exudates and cultures also produced an arthritic reaction in both hosts on foot pad injection.
The coccobacilliform bodies of mouse catarrh were innocuous in chickens on nasal instillation, whereas those of rat catarrh were established locally but were maintained for only two passages.
In the opposite host each of the two rodent forms of infectious catarrh reproduced the typical features of the naturally acquired disease, a highly fatal pneumonia being characteristic of the mouse but not of the rat.
EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF THE CHICK EMBRYO WITH THE VIRUS OF PSEUDORABIES
Authors: Bang Frederik B. 
Published: June 2004

The chick embryo responds to experimental infection with the virus of pseudorabies with a disease pattern simulating the natural infection. Virus lesions of the membrane are followed by infection of all tissues of the central nervous system.
Fixed strains produce a hemorrhagic destruction of the central nervous system of the embryo, which is referable to destruction of blood vessel endothelium. Field strains lack the hemorrhagic tendency, but infect the brain when inoculated on the membrane.
Neutralization of the virus by specific hyperimmune serum can be demonstrated by inoculation on the membrane.
The reaction of the embryo to the virus varies with the age of the embryo. This is reflected both in the membranal lesion and in the subsequent encephalitis.
EFFECTS OF EXCESS DIETARY CYSTEIC ACID, dl-METHIONINE, AND TAURINE ON THE RAT LIVER
Authors: Earle David P. , Smull Katharine , Victor Joseph 
Published: June 2004

1. Cysteic acid fed to albino rats as 12.5 to 15 per cent of the McCollum stock diet caused portal necrosis and cirrhosis of the liver within 2 weeks. Concentrations of cysteic acid of 6.25 per cent or less in the diet produced no liver lesions within 2 weeks.
2.dl-Methionine fed as 6.4 to 12.4 per cent of the McCollum stock diet or of a low protein, low fat diet, resulted in severe atrophy of the liver cells but no cirrhosis of the liver.
3. Taurine fed as 1 to 10 per cent of the McCollum stock diet produces no liver lesions.
4. For reasons discussed in the paper, it is concluded that the liver necrosis and cirrhosis produced by cystine and cysteic acid are not dependent upon the S-S linkage of the cystine, the oxidation of the sulfur, the formation and excretion of large amounts of urinary sulfate, or the presence of an amino group separated from a sulfur molecule by a 2 carbon chain.
INDUCED RESISTANCE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION WITH EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS
Authors: Morgan Isabel M. , Schlesinger R. Walter , Olitsky Peter K. 
Published: June 2004

1. Neutralizing antibody to equine encephalomyelitis virus was found in the spinal fluid of rabbits sufficiently vaccinated with active or formalin-inactivated virus. Antibody was specific for the Western or for the Eastern virus.
2. Neutralizing capacity of spinal fluid was equivalent to that of a 1/300 dilution of serum of the same animal, and was of the same order of magnitude as that of perfused brain of a vaccinated animal.
3. Vaccinated rabbits which showed antibody in the spinal fluid resisted intracerebral or intracisternal injection of active virus. This immunity was specific, i.e., there was no cross-reaction between the Eastern and Western virus after vaccination with formalin-inactivated virus. On the other hand, lack of antibody in the spinal fluid, even when antibody was demonstrable in the undiluted serum, was associated with lack of cerebral resistance.