bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the health status and health-related quality of life of community-dwelling older adults living alone: one-year follow-up from a cohort study
Authors: Ko Hana , Cho Belong , Lim Kyung-Choon , Jang Soong-Nang , Chang Sun Ju , Yi Yu Mi , Cho Hye Ryung , Ryu So Im , Noh Eun-Young , Park Yeon-Hwan 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe percentage of older adults living alone is rapidly increasing, improving the health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in this group is becoming a more significant public health issue. This study aimed to examine the changes in the HRQoL of older South Korean adults living alone and identify the factors that affect their HRQoL.MethodsA longitudinal study design was followed. Data were collected at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Participants consisting of 789 older adults living alone in S*City aged&gt;65 years completed a cohort survey regarding health status and HRQoL from August 2018 to August 2019. Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with the participants using a validated questionnaire (physical health, mental health, social health, and HRQoL). Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the change in health status and the interaction effect of time and gender. Then, a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to HRQoL.ResultsTime differences were observed in the subjective evaluation of health status (SEH), IPAQ scores, frailty, nutritional status, and depression. Gender differences were observed in the SEH, IPAQ, frailty, loneliness, depression, and social support. The interaction between time and gender was observed in the IPAQ and HRQoL. At baseline, SEH, depressive symptoms, gender, frailty, and age were associated with HRQoL. After one year, HRQoL was associated with SEH, frailty, depressive symptoms, cost of living, suicidal thoughts, gender, social support, loneliness, and suicide attempts.ConclusionOur results highlight that HRQoL is associated with physical health, mental health, and social support. Future detailed studies are needed to determine whether governments and communities can prevent depression, loneliness, and suicidal thoughts through psychological support and provide economic support to improve the quality of life of older adults living alone.
Pediatric central nervous system infections in the Amazon: clinical and laboratory profiles
Authors: Marinho Eveny Perlize Melo , Ferreira Ewerton da Silva , Barrionuevo Caio Cesar Leiva Bastos , Melo Sabrina Araújo , Cordeiro Jady Shayenne Mota , Pinto Sergio Damasceno , Monte Rossicleia Lins , da Silva Valderjane Aprígio , Martins Yasmin Ferreira , Reis Monique Freire , Tufic-Garutti Samantha dos Santos , Sampaio Vanderson de Souza , de Castro Daniel Barros , Feitoza Pablo Vinicius Silveira , da Rocha Lucia Alves , de Lima Ferreira Luiz Carlos , Bastos Michele de Souza 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundCentral nervous system (CNS) infections are important causes of mortality and morbidity in children, and they are related to severe problems such as hearing loss, neurological sequelae, and death. The objective was to describe clinical and laboratory exam profiles of children who were diagnosed with CNS infections.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study based on medical records, which included pediatric patients aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a clinical suspicion of CNS infection between January 2014 to December 2019. The pathogens were confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples using Gram staining, cell culture, molecular diagnostics (PCR and qPCR), and serology.ResultsOut of the 689 enrolled patients, 108 (15.6%) had laboratory-confirmed infections in CSF. The most common bacterial pathogens isolated from the culture were Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C in 19, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 11, and Haemophilus influenzae in seven samples. The viruses identified were Enterovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Varicella-zoster virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and arbovirus. No patient was found to be positive for Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. Patients with viral infections showed altered levels of consciousness (p = 0.001) when compared to bacterial infections.ConclusionThis study shows the presence of important vaccine-preventable pathogens, and different families of viruses causing CNS infections in the pediatric patients of Manaus.
Pancreatic SABR using peritumoral fiducials, triggered imaging and breath-hold
Authors: Kisivan Katalin , Farkas Andrea , Kovacs Peter , Glavak Csaba , Lukacs Gabor , Mahr Karoly , Szabo Zsolt , Csima Melinda Petone , Gulyban Akos , Toth Zoltan , Kaposztas Zsolt , Lakosi Ferenc 
Published: December 2023

Background: We aim to present our linear accelerator-based workflow for pancreatic stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in order to address the following issues: intrafractional organ motion management, Cone Beam CT (CBCT) image quality, residual errors with dosimetric consequences, treatment time, and clinical results.Methods: Between 2016 and 2021, 14 patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with induction chemotherapy and SABR using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Internal target volume (ITV) concept (5), phase-gated (4), or breath hold (5) techniques were used. Treatment was verified by CBCT before and after irradiation, while tumor motion was monitored and controlled by kV triggered imaging and beam hold using peritumoral surgical clips. Beam interruptions and treatment time were recorded. The CBCT image quality was scored and supplemented by an agreement analysis (Krippendorff’s-α) of breath-hold CBCT images to determine the position of OARs relative to the planning risk volumes (PRV). Residual errors and their dosimetry impact were also calculated. Progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier analysis with acute and late toxicity reporting (CTCAEv4).Results: On average, beams were interrupted once (range: 0–3) per treatment session on triggered imaging. The total median treatment time was 16.7 ± 10.8 min, significantly less for breath-hold vs. phase-gated sessions (18.8 ± 6.2 vs. 26.5 ± 13.4, p &lt; 0.001). The best image quality was achieved by breath hold CBCT. The Krippendorff’s-α test showed a strong agreement among five radiation therapists (mean K-α value: 0.8 (97.5%). The mean residual errors were &lt;0.2 cm in each direction resulting in an average difference of &lt;2% in dosimetry for OAR and target volume. Two patients received offline adaptation. The median OS/PFS after induction chemotherapy and SABR was 20/12 months and 15/8 months. No Gr. ≥2 acute/late RT-related toxicity was noted.Conclusion: Linear accelerator based pancreatic SABR with the combination of CBCT and triggered imaging + beam hold is feasible. Peritumoral fiducials improve utility while breath-hold CBCT provides the best image quality at a reasonable treatment time with offline adaptation possibilities. In well-selected cases, it can be an effective alternative in clinics where CBCT/MRI-guided online adaptive workflow is not available.
Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 (DSM 33828) Cell-Free Supernatant and Vitamin D Improve Wound Healing and Reduce Interleukin-6 Production in Staphylococcus aureus-Infected Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Zanetta Paola , Ballacchino Chiara , Squarzanti Diletta Francesca , Amoruso Angela , Pane Marco , Azzimonti Barbara 
Published: December 2023

Methicillin-resistant biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. are found in about 25% of the overall cases of chronic wounds, which can undergo malignant degeneration and be associated with skin cancer. Although antimicrobial agents are clinically used to counteract pathogens and promote wound healing, they are increasingly ineffective against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Moreover, they can induce dysbiosis, which favors opportunistic pathogen infections and alters immune responses. Consequently, research on pathogen containment strategies is crucial. We aimed to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii LJO02 cell-free supernatant (CFS) and vitamin D, as single treatments or in combination, on cell viability, wound healing, and the pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) production of a Staphylococcus aureus-infected human immortalized keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) in vitro model. The analysis showed that LJO02 CFS 20% v/v ratio and 100 nM vitamin D promoted infected cell viability and wound healing and significantly reduced IL-6 production. However, their effect was not synergic, since no significant difference between the single and combined treatments was observed. LJO02 CFS topic application and vitamin D supplementation could provide a valuable strategy for attenuating S. aureus-induced pathogenesis, promoting wound healing and opening new therapeutic strategies supporting the conventional approaches.
The under-representation of racially minoritised doctors in academic general practice training: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Howe Alice , Orkin Chloe , Apea Vanessa 
Published: December 2023

Background

General practice has one of the most diverse medical training programmes in terms of sex and ethnic background. However, this diversity of race and ethnicity is not reflected in academic GP careers, with just 17% (
n
= 81/473) of academic GPs being from racially minoritised groups, according to the Medical Schools Council.

Aim
To determine whether GP academic clinical fellow (ACF) trainees from racially minoritised backgrounds are proportionally represented, compared with the non-academic training programme, using the annual GP ACF conference as a proxy.

Design & setting
A retrospective analysis of conference programmes from national academic GP training conferences from 2018–2023 and demographic data obtained from Health Education England (HEE).

Method
Using conference programmes and online searches, demographic information on conference speakers was obtained and a freedom of information request was made to HEE for the demographics of GP ACFs for corresponding years. This was compared with demographic data of GP trainees and academics.

Results
On average, there were 40 speakers each year at the conference. White females (average 20.2 speakers each year) were the most well represented group, followed by White males (average 12.5), Asian females (average 3.3), Asian males (average 1.8), Black males (average 0.7), and Black females (average 0.3). HEE data from 2022 revealed that 27 (71.1%) of the 38 (excluding five who did not state their ethnicity) ACFs were White British.

Conclusion
GP academia should be more representative of the non-academic GP training scheme. Work needs to be done to understand and overcome the structural barriers to recruiting from racially minoritised groups.
Pemodelan Geographically Weighted Regression pada Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Pulau Jawa Tahun 2020
Authors: Septiyana Alya Nur , Fatkhurrohman Ikbal , Fikri Fajriana Fadhlul , S Riabela , Prananggalih Ahmad Tegar , Bachtiar Aji Bagus , ML Dhitasya Salsabila , Berliana Sarni Maniar 
Published: December 2023

Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) merupakan model regresi yang memperhitungkan efek spasial dalam memodelkan hubungan antara variabel respons dan variabel bebas dikarenakan adanya heterogenitas spasial pada data yang diteliti. Tingkat pengangguran terbuka menurut kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa menunjukkan adanya heterogenitas spasial sehingga pemodelan GWR dapat diterapkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk, jumlah pekerja di sektor pertanian, upah minimum kabupaten, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda untuk lokasi yang berbeda, sedangkan penanaman modal dalam negeri tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran terbuka baik secara global maupun secara lokal. Penerapan model GWR lebih baik dari pada model regresi biasa berdasarkan nilai Akaike infomation criterion.
VIDEO STREAM COMPRESSION FOR CONTROLLING UNMANNED SYSTEMS IN HYBRID ORBITAL-TERRESTRIAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
Authors: Березкин А.А. , Вивчарь Р.М. , Слепнев А.В. , Киричек Р.В. , Захаров А.А. 
Published: December 2023

Представлен метод кодирования видеопотока при управлении беспилотными системами, в основе которого лежит латентная диффузионная нейросетевая модель, позволяющая получить на основе полноразмерного изображения его скрытое латентное представление меньшей размерности. Дана схема метода и сделано формальное описание структуры его алгоритма. Для уменьшения размерности латентного представления данных предложен алгоритм их квантования. Представлены результаты исследований по оцениванию влияния квантования данных на качество передаваемого видеопотока.
A method of video stream coding for controlling unmanned systems is presented, which is based on a latent diffusion neural network model that allows to obtain a latent representation of a full-size image of a lower dimensionality on the basis of its latent representation. A scheme of the method is given and a formal description of the structure of its algorithm is made. To reduce the dimensionality of the latent representation of data, an algorithm of their quantization is proposed. The results of research on estimating the impact of data quantization on the quality of the transmitted video stream are presented.
BLIND ESTIMATION OF FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE CHANNEL PARAMETERS IN OFDM SYSTEMS
Authors: Карташевский В.Г. , Семенов Е.С. 
Published: December 2023

Исследуется система ортогонального частотного мультиплексирования (OFDM) с линейным предварительным кодированием, которое позволяет за счёт корреляционных свойств принимаемого сигнала реализовать слепое оценивание параметров используемого канала связи. Показано, что в месте приема для оценивания коэффициента передачи канала связи с памятью возможно использование корреляционной матрицы отсчетов наблюдаемого сигнала, которая формируется с учетом свойств специального предварительного кодера. Посредством деления корреляционной матрицы на матрицу предварительного кодирования с использованием разложения полученной матрицы по сингулярным значениям результирующей матрицы возможно с точностью до скалярного множителя получить оценку вектора отсчетов коэффициента передачи канала. Компьютерное моделирование подтвердило возможность использования данного метода слепого оценивания свойств частотно-селективных каналов в системах связи с OFDM.
An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with linear precoding is investigated, which allows, due to the correlation properties of the received signal, to implement blind estimation of the parameters of the communication channel used. It is shown that at the receiving point, to estimate the transmission ratio of a communication channel with memory, it is possible to use a correlation matrix of samples of the observed signal, which is formed taking into account the properties of a special pre-encoder. By dividing the correlation matrix by the pre-coding matrix using the decomposition of the resulting matrix by singular values (SVD) of the resulting matrix, it became possible to obtain an estimate of the channel transmission coefficient sampling vector with an accuracy of scalar multiplier. Computer modeling has confirmed the possibility of using this method of blind evaluation of the properties of frequency-selective channels in communication systems with OFDM.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengetahuan Lokal untuk Pengembangan Buku Referensi Mata Kuliah Keanekaragaman Hayati dan Konservasi
Authors: Ardan Andam Surianty , Sumiyati Sri 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mendeskripsikan, mendata dan mencatat Pengetahuan Lokal (Indiegenous System Knowledge/IKS) sebagai bahan kajian untuk dimasukkan dalam bahan ajar dan referensi MK Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Nusa Cendana. Pencarian data dilakukan di 5 (lima) desa di Kabupaten Kupang. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei untuk mendapatkan data, dan deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mendata dan mengolah data. Survei dilakukan dengan google form untuk mahasiswa yang sudah pernah mendapatkan dan sedang mengampu MK Konservasi dan Keaneragaman Hayati. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengetahuan lokal yang relevan dengan materi MK referensi bahan ajar MK Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Nusa Cendana yaitu analisis mamar, analisis keanekaragaman hayati dari perspektif masyarakat adat, dan pengetahuan lain yang relevan dimasukkan ke dalam materi ajar MK Konservasi Kehati sehingga bisa menjadi modul dan buku referensi atau bisa disisipkan untuk materi MK Konservasi dan Keanekaragaman Hayati di Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Nusa Cendana
Pemilihan Makanan Sehat pada Anak Usia Dini di TK Kristen Koinonia Kupang
Authors: Kale Sartika , Saba Khetye Romelya , Nahak Vikaria , Bali Engelbertus Nggalu 
Published: December 2023

Studi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh bekal makanan yang kurang bergizi yang dibawa anak ke sekolah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor pemilihan makanan sehat pada anak di TK Kristen GMIT Koinonia Kupang, NTT dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik penentuan informan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan purposive sampling yang terdiri dari empat anak dan orangtua anak yang bersekolah di TK Kristen GMIT Koinonia Kupang, NTT. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor dalam pemilihan makanan sehat pada anak yaitu pendapatan orangtua, jumlah anggota keluarga dan pekerjaan orangtua. Selain tiga faktor tersebut, ada faktor lain yang juga ditemukan selama pengambilan data yaitu anak yang susah makan dan sering pilih-pilih makanan tertentu, serta tingkat kesabaran dan kreativitas orangtua dalam menyediakan makanan yang sehat tapi menarik untuk anak
Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Geo 2 SMK Negeri 2 Kupang Pada Materi Barisan dan Deret
Authors: Boleng Agnes M. A. 
Published: December 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi barisan dan deret bilangan di kelas X GEO 2 SMKN 2 Kota Kupang Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020 melalui penerapan model discovery learning. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang dibagi ke dalam dua siklus. Pada setiap siklus dilakukan kegiatan yang saling berkaitan dan berkesinambungan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X GEO 2 SMKN 2 Kota Kupang yang berjumlah 35 orang. Data dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif diperoleh dengan mengamati aktivitas siswa dan kegiatan guru dalam pembelajaran sedangkan data kuantitatif diperoleh dari hasil tes. Semua data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian pada aktivitas belajar siswa menunjukkan peningkatan dari siklus I yang berada pada kriteria cukup aktif menjadi aktif pada siklus II. Sedangkan pada hasil belajar pada siklus I 82,86 % yang berada pada kriteria sedang menjadi 85,71 % pada siklus II berada pada kriteria tinggi. Dari analisis data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa, penerapan metode pembelajaran discovery dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X GEO 2 SMKN 2 Kota Kupang pada materi barisan dan deret bilangan
Pengembangan Media Pecahan Sebagai Alternatif Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan
Authors: Liunima Dorince Y. 
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan produk berupa media papan pecahan yang layak, praktis, menarik dan efektif sehingga dapat diimplemetasikan dalam pembelajaran matematika materi operasi penjumlahan dan pengurangan pecahan untuk mengatasi masalah minat belajar matematika dan rendahnya hasil belajar matematika materi operasi pecahan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik angket dan tes. Selanjutnya, instrument yang digunakan yaitu angket validasi media papan pecahan oleh ahli media dan ahli materi serta angket respon guru dan siswa. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menguji hasil belajar peserta didik melalui tes awal dan tes akhir. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran papan pecahan layak, menarik, praktis dan efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika materi pecahan kelas IV SD Inpres Bokong 1, Kecamatan Takari, Kabupaten Kupang.
A View on People's Hesitancy Perception towards Covid-19 Vaccination in Kupang City and Kupang Regency
Authors: Puling Aleta Agustina , Kiling Indra Yohanes , Pello Shela Ch 
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The vaccination program is a policy initiative aimed at slowing the spread of the covid-19 virus by enhancing individual body immunity and forming group immunity. The government's efforts are not fully accepted by the public; there are doubts about the covid-19 vaccine, and doubts about the covid-19 vaccine are influenced by public perceptions; therefore, efforts to uncover the picture of perceptions that raise doubts about the covid-19 vaccine are required in order to develop targeted treatment.
Methods The results of collecting data with twelve participants who had doubts about the COVID-19 vaccine revealed that understanding of the virus and the COVID-19 vaccine, emotional reactions to the vaccination process, vaccine side effects, and vaccine certificate policies are components that form doubts about the COVID-19 vaccine. The findings of this study also suggest that if an individual has strong confidence in social groups, limited comprehension of the covid-19 vaccine, fear of social reprimand, and fear of deviation, skepticism might cause vaccination delays and conforming behavior toward obtaining the covid-19 vaccine.
L’écriture des libelles chez Simon Linguet, du droit au journalisme
Authors: Perras Jean-Alexandre 
Published: December 2023

Cet article s’intéresse aux usages des catégories de « libelliste » et de « paradoxale » à propos de l’écriture de Simon Linguet, en particulier lors de son exclusion du barreau de Paris et de sa querelle littéraire avec André Morellet, en 1775. Si cette écriture vindicative s’est souvent heurtée à la censure de la loi, elle semble avoir trouvé dans le journalisme sa forme adéquate d’expression.
ﻗﺭﺍءﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺩ ﺍﻟﺻﺎﺑﺋﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺩﺍﺋﻳــﺔ
Authors: ﺃ.ﻡ.ﺩ.ﺧﻣﻳﺱ ﺳﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺩﻟﻳﻣﻲ  
Published: December 2023

اﻟﺼﺎﺒﺌﺔ: اﺴم ﻟطﺎﺌﻔﺔ دﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻗدﻴﻤﺔ ﺠدا ٬ ﻻ ﻴ ازﻝ ﻷﺘﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﺎﺌد وﺸﻌﺎﺌر دﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺨﺎﺼﺔ .
وﻟﻬـﺎ ﻛﺘـب ﻤﻘدﺴـﺔ ٬ وﻫـﻲ ﻓـرق ﻤﺘﻌـددة أﺸـﻬرﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﻨداﺌﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ ﺘـؤﻤن ﺒـﺎﷲ واﻟﻴـوم اﻵﺨـر
وﺘﻌﺘﻘـد ﺒـﺎﻟﺜواب واﻟﻌﻘـﺎب ﻓـﻲ اﻟﺠﻨـﺔ واﻟﻨـﺎر . إﻻّ أن ﻫـذﻩ (ﻓـﻲ ﻨظـرﻫم) اﻟﻌﻘﻴـدة ﻟـم ﺘﻛﺘﺴـب ﺒواﺴـطﺔ

ﻟﺴﺎن ﻨﺒﻲ ٕواﻨﻤﺎ ﺒﻨﺤو اﻟﻔﻴض اﻹﻟﻬﻲ (اﻟﻤﻌرﻓﺔ) .
وﻴﻌﺘﻘـد اﻟﺼـﺎﺒﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨـداﺌﻴون ﺒـﺄن ﻟﻠروﺤﺎﻨﻴـﺎت (اﻟﻤﻼﺌﻛـﺔ) ﺘـﺄﺜﻴ اًر ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﺼـﻴر اﻷﺤﻴـﺎء ٬ ٕوان
ﻤـﻨﻬم ﻤـن ﻴﻌﻤـﻝ ﻤﺴـﺎﻋداً ﻟﻠـذات اﻹﻟﻬﻴـﺔ ﻓـﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺔ اﻟﺨﻠـق وﺘـدﺒر ﺸـؤون اﻟﻛـون ٬ ﻟـذا اﺘﺨـذوا ﻤـن
اﻟﻛواﻛب واﻟﻨﺠوم ﻤﻘ اًر ﻟﻬم وﻤن ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛـﺎن ﺘﻌظـﻴم اﻟﺼـﺎﺒﺌﺔ ﻟﻠﻛواﻛـب واﻟﻨﺠـوم ٬ ﻓـﺎﻟﺘﻌظﻴم ﻓـﻲ اﻷﺼـﻝ
ﻻ ﻟـذات اﻟﻛواﻛـب ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﻟﻤـﺎ ﻗـر ﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻤـن روﺤﺎﻨﻴـﺎت ٬ وﻤـن أﺠـﻝ ذﻟـك ﺴـﻤﺎﻫم اﻟﺒـﺎﺤﺜون اﻟﻘـداﻤﻰ

((أﺼﺤﺎب اﻟروﺤﺎﻨﻴﺎت)) .
وأﺼــﺤﺎب اﻟروﺤﺎﻨﻴــﺎت ﻫــم ﻤــﺎدة ﺒﺤﺜﻨــﺎ ٬ ﻤــﻊ اﻟوﻗــوف ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻤﻌﻨــﻰ اﻟﺼــﺎﺒﺌﺔ ﻓــﻲ اﻟﻠﻐــﺔ

واﻟﺘﻌرﻴف ﺒﻨﺸﺄﺘﻬم وﺒﻴﺎن آ ارء ﻓرﻗﻬم اﻷﺨرى وﻛﺘﺒﻬم وﺒﻴﺎن ذﻛرﻫم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘرآن اﻟﻛرﻴم .
وﺒﻌد ﻓﻬذﻩ ﻗ ارءة ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﺎﺌد اﻟﺼﺎﺒﺌﺔ ﻛرﺴت ﺠﻬدي ﻟﻠﺒﺤث ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ٬ وﻫﻲ ﻋﻨدي ﻨـواة ﻟﻤﺸـروع

ﺒﺤث أﺸﻤﻝ ﻋن ﻫذﻩ اﻟطﺎﺌﻔﺔ .
ﻓـﺈن أﺼـﺒت ﻓـذﻟك ﺘوﻓﻴـق اﷲ ﺘﻌـﺎﻟﻰ ٕوان ﻛﺎﻨـت اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ﻓﺤﺴـﺒﻲ اﻟﺠﻬـد اﻟـذي ﺒـذﻟت وﺴـﻼﻤﺔ
ﻗﺼدي واﻟﺤﻤد ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴن