bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information technology and interests in scholarly communication: A discourse analysis
Authors: Jacobs Neil 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough technological determinism is an inadequate description of change, it remains common, if implicit, in much information science literature. Recent developments in science and technology studies offer a social constructivist alternative, in which technology is seen, not as autonomous, but as the result of interests. However, the stability of these interests can be argued to privilege social factors in the same way as technological determinism privileges technological factors. A second alternative is to shift to a relativist stance and analyze discourse as interaction, rather than as a neutral carrier of information, or communication. The focus of the discourse analyses of interview interactions presented in this article is on two aspects of discursive structure, the indexical category of “research,” and interest management, which refers to the ways that participants manage their own and others' stakes in particular accounts. The article concludes by noting how formal scholarly communication acts as a “category entitlement” in interviews, and how technological determinism works as a dilemma for this entitlement that participants (including researchers) negotiate at the very local level of their interactions and accounts.
A comparison of several time‐series models for assessing the value at risk of shares
Authors: Zucchini Walter , Neumann Kristin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of this investigation was to assess the suitability of some standard time‐series models to perform a specific task in the context of recent change in banking regulations in Germany. The task is to estimate the value at risk (VaR) associated with financial assets on a daily basis. The procedure employed by the supervisory authorities to monitor whether a model used for this purpose adequately performs this task is outlined. Nine time‐series models were investigated using share prices from the Frankfurt Stock exchange. The models were compared in terms of criteria that are derived from the new regulations. The results are reported. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized dynamic linear models for financial time series
Authors: Campagnoli Patrizia , Muliere Pietro , Petrone Sonia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we consider a class of conditionally Gaussian state‐space models and discuss how they can provide a flexible and fairly simple tool for modelling financial time series, even in the presence of different components in the series, or of stochastic volatility. Estimation can be computed by recursive equations, which provide the optimal solution under rather mild assumptions. In more general models, the filter equations can still provide approximate solutions. We also discuss how some models traditionally employed for analysing financial time series can be regarded in the state‐space framework. Finally, we illustrate the models in two examples to real data sets. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space efficient system for small animal, whole body microwave exposure at 1.6 GHz
Authors: Wilson Bary W. , Faraone Antonio , Sheen David , Swicord Mays , Park Walter , Morrissey Joseph , Creim Jeffrey , Anderson Larry E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA space efficient, whole body microwave exposure system for unrestrained laboratory animals utilizing a flared parallel plate waveguide is described. The system comprises an Iridium wireless signal source, signal generator, power supply and amplifier (400 W), a coax to waveguide transition, an open ended, flared parallel plate waveguide, and animal exposure area with a dipole field sensing antenna. Across the waveguide aperture the system provides uniform exposure (±3 dB incident RF power density) for small animals (rats, mice or hamsters) in up to 18 standard cages for housing groups of animals. Overall system dimensions are 3.6 m (d)×2.4 m (w)×1.6 m (h). Operating at 1.62 GHz, the system provided average power density of 3.7 W/m2 in the cage area, resulting in a calculated whole body dose of 0.07 W/kg and a calculated average brain dose of 0.19 W/kg. Bioelectromagnetics 23:127–131, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of primary root curvature in radish seedlings in a static magnetic field
Authors: Yano Akira , Hidaka Eiko , Fujiwara Kazuhiro , Iimoto Mitsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings were exposed to an inhomogeneous static magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet, during continuous rotation on a 0.06 rpm clinostat, thereby reducing the unilateral influence of gravity. The roots responded tropically to the static magnetic field with the tropism appearing to be negative. These roots responded significantly (P < 0.05) to the south pole of the magnet. The significant tropic response was found for a magnetic flux density of 13–68 mT, for a field gradient of 1.8–14.7 T/m, and for the product of magnetic field and field gradient of 0.023–1.0 T2/m. A small, but insignificant, response of the roots to the north pole has also been found. Bioelectromagnetics 22:194–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Environmental postmodernism and rehabilitation of the borderline of mental retardation
Authors: Jacobson John W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe subculture of developmental disabilities services has embraced ideological perspectives from academia in general and from other service sectors, including, in recent years, the educational sector. Prevalent ideological and philosophical perspectives with growing influence within the professional literature and to a lesser degree, the practitioner community, include postmodernist and constructionist doctrine. These perspectives influence the depiction of utility of a wide variety of clinical and programmatic activities that typify services and, generally, impact upon decision making by policy makers, administrators, and possibly, to an important degree, by managers who influence events at the point of clinical and service contact. This article discusses the nature and character of these influences and the issues facing the field, centering on the act of classifying a person with mild mental retardation, as well as uncertainties regarding both the process and consequences of classification. Recommendations are made for an expanded but modified role for adaptive behavior assessment in this process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature dependence of near‐IR excited Raman spectra of crystalline hen egg‐white lysozyme
Authors: Nara Masayuki , Sakamoto Akira , Yamamichi Junta , Tasumi Mitsuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNear‐IR excited Raman spectroscopy was applied to examine the structural change of hen egg‐white lysozyme in tetragonal crystals at low temperatures. There was little difference found in the amide I and amide III regions between the spectra observed at 77 and 298 K, suggesting that the secondary structures of lysozyme were conserved in the temperature range from 77 to 298 K. Several bands arising from the protein side chains, particularly the methylene and phenylalanyl groups, showed significant changes in either intensity or bandwidth (or in both of them) on going from 77 to 298 K. Some of the spectral changes occurred gradually over the wide temperature range, and others occurred abruptly at around 200–240 K. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 62: 168–172, 2001
Enzyme activation in organic solvents: Co‐lyophilization of subtilisin Carlsberg with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin renders an enzyme catalyst more active than the cross‐linked enzyme crystals
Authors: Montañez‐Clemente Ileana , Alvira Edgardo , Macias Minedys , Ferrer Amaris , Fonceca Maricely , Rodriguez Jessica , Gonzalez Anicele , Barletta Gabriel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study we explored the efficiency of the additive methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (MβCD) to enhance the activity and enantioselectivity of the serine protease subtilisin Carlsberg in organic solvents. These two parameters, measured for different transesterification reactions and in several solvents, are compared with results obtained by using two additional preparations of the same enzyme: lyophilized powder and cross‐linked enzyme crystals (CLEC). The results suggest that co‐lyophilization of subtilisin with MβCD preserves the enzyme's active site tertiary structure rendering a highly active and enantioselective catalyst. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 53–59, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10182
Transduction rate constant as more reliable index quantifying efficiency of retroviral gene delivery
Authors: Kwon Young Jik , Peng Ching‐An 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the efficiency of retrovirus‐mediated gene delivery can be enhanced by several physicochemical approaches reported (e.g., addition of polycations and spinoculation), systematic analysis of retroviral transduction combined with experimental data remains to be challenged. With the aid of a reasonable mathematical description of an experimental system, we can therefore predict and optimize the retroviral gene delivery on a quantitative basis of understanding. In this study, we formulated a mathematical model involved with diffusion, decay and uptake of retroviral vectors onto the target cells resided on a solid culture surface. The model was solved analytically by the Laplace transform method. The analytical solutions were then fitted with experimental data to compute two unknown parameters: concentration of infectious retrovirus and transduction rate constant. Our results showed that the concentration of infectious retrovirus determined by the titration method was approximately hundred‐fold lower than the one calculated by fitting experimental data with the mathematical solutions. More importantly, effects of polycation (i.e., Polybrene) on ex vivo retroviral transduction were illustrated in a quantitative way by estimating the transduction rate constant, which represents a more reliable parameter to determine the degree of transduction of a retroviral vector to a given target cell. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 77: 668–677, 2002; DOI 10.1002/bit.10214
Effect of media composition on yield values of bacteria growing on binary and ternary substrate mixtures in continuous culture
Authors: Rudolph John M. , Grady C. P. Leslie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa 142 and a presumed variant were grown axenically in chemostats on salicylate/benzoate or salicylate/glucose binary feeds. Each substrate was supplied at 2, 10, 50, 90, 98, or 100% of the total energy flux. Two experiments were also run with ternary mixtures using the same substrates. Aliquots were transferred to fed‐batch reactors receiving the same substrates at the same specific rates as the chemostat, but with one substrate radiolabeled with 14C. Radiolabel incorporated into biomass, 14CO2, and soluble microbial products over a period of 8 minutes was used to establish the biomass yield, CO2 yield, and product yield, respectively, associated with a given substrate. The effect of the percent substrate in the feed on the yields depended on the pair of substrates supplied. When benzoate comprised 50% or more of the applied substrate in salicylate/benzoate feeds, the fraction of benzoate in the feed had a small effect on the yield values associated with benzoate. However, when benzoate constituted 2% or 10% of the feed, CO2 yields were lower, biomass yields were slightly lower, and product yields were higher. In contrast, the percent of salicylate in the feed had little effect on any of the salicylate yields for cells growing on the salicylate/benzoate feeds. When salicylate was mixed with glucose, the yields associated with salicylate behaved quite differently. Biomass and CO2 yields were lower and product yields higher when salicylate was 2% or 10% of the feed than when it was higher. In the same substrate mixtures, glucose‐based biomass yields were higher and CO2 yields were lower when glucose constituted 2% or 10% of the feed but were constant for higher percentages. The results suggest that the fate of a substrate is relatively independent of the feed composition as long as the substrate in question constitutes a significant percentage of the mixture. Thus, in those situations the assumption of a constant biomass yield in multicomponent substrate modeling is justified. However, when a given substrate constitutes a small percentage of the feed, significant changes in yield may occur. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 396–405, 2001.
Replacing factor‐dependency with that for lysozyme: Affordable culture of IL‐6‐dependent hybridoma by transfecting artificial cell surface receptor
Authors: Kawahara Masahiro , Natsume Akito , Terada Satoshi , Kato Koichi , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kumagai Izumi , Miki Masao , Mahoney Walt , Ueda Hiroshi , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCytokines and growth factors are indispensable for the propagation and maintenance of factor‐dependent mammalian cells. However, cytokines are often so expensive that the use of factor‐dependent cells for industrial applications such as protein production is often not practical. Based on our previous design of a binary hen egg lysozyme (HEL)‐specific receptor composed of portions of the anti‐HEL antibody and the erythropoietin receptor, a new pair of chimeric receptors having the intracellular domain of gp130 were made and transfected to an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6)‐dependent hybridoma, 7TD1. The clone expressing the two new receptors showed clear HEL dose‐dependent cell growth and monoclonal antibody production in both serum‐based and serum‐free media without IL‐6. These results establish the feasibility of applying receptor design to tailor cells for the inexpensive induction of cell growth for the purpose of producing therapeutic products. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 416–423, 2001.
Corporate environmental policy and abnormal stock price returns: An empirical investigation
Authors: Thomas Alison 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the correlation between the excess stock market returns and the adoption of an environmental protocol by companies. The underlying hypothesis that I test is whether evidence of the adoption of environmental policy, prosecution by an environmental agency or the routinized training of staff in environmental protocols, which proxies for the willingness of managers to invest for the long term, is associated with superior economic returns to shareholders. I find that both the adoption of an environmental policy and prosecution for breach of environment standards have significant explanatory power in an analysis of excess returns. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Internet use for corporate environmental reporting: current challenges—technical benefits—practical guidance
Authors: Isenmann Ralf , Lenz Christian 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe huge opportunities of using the internet for corporate reporting are arranged in a comprehensive system of technical benefits. In order to give a tangible example and describe practical use thoroughly, the benefits are focused on environmental reporting but they can be transferred in major parts also to financial, social or sustainability reporting—seen as a currently emerging trend towards integrated financial, environmental and social reporting. In more detail, the system of internet‐specific benefits is illustrated by four main categories: benefits concerning the underlying purposes of publishing reports, benefits concerning the entire reporting process, benefits concerning the report contents and benefits concerning the report design. In terms of corporate reporting, professional internet use will enhance the way in which companies give information, communicate and manage their business internally and externally, benefiting all members involved that are reporting companies, addressed key target groups and other stakeholders such as standard setting institutions and benchmarking organizations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Black and white differences in the perception of justice
Authors: Wiley Deane C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined how African Americans and Whites view the justice system in the United States. Three hundred and eighteen research participants were recruited from the campus of a local community college. The research participants viewed one of four different videotaped scenarios depicting an interaction between a police officer and a motorist. The scenes were identical except that the race of the motorist and the officer were varied. After viewing the videotaped scenario, the research participants were asked to rate the interaction. The results indicated that African Americans and Whites view the delivery of justice very differently. African Americans judged the police officers to be less impartial and more prejudiced than Whites. It will be useful to further explore these issues to better understand the potential impact of these negative feelings on important justice matters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attorney–client trust among convicted criminal defendants: preliminary examination of the attorney–client trust scale
Authors: Boccaccini Marcus T. , Brodsky Stanley L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe current study describes the development of the Attorney–Client Trust Scale (ACTS), a measure designed to assess a client's trust in his or her attorney. A sample of 307 male inmates completed the ACTS and provided information about their most recent case and attorney. Low ACTS scores were associated with having a court‐appointed attorney, going to trial, and receiving a lengthy prison sentence. High ACTS scores were related to satisfaction with sentences and attorneys. In addition, findings suggest that perceptions about attorneys' interpersonal skills were as important as perceptions about legal skills in forming opinions about overall lawyering ability. It is recommended that attorneys employ a well rounded assortment of interpersonal skills to foster their clients' trust and to make better use of the limited amount of time they have to spend with clients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercondylar shelf angle in adult black Malawian subjects
Authors: Igbigbi P.S. , Msamati B.C. , Ng'Ambi T.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, we determined the intercondylar shelf angle of the femur in adult black Malawian subjects as measured in lateral radiographs of the knee joint. A total of 856 radiographs were used: 464 from men and 392 from women, aged 18–70 years. A goniometer measured the intercondylar shelf angle at the intersection between Blumensaat's line and a line drawn along the edge of the distal third of the femur parallel to the posterior cortex of the bone. The mean intercondylar shelf angle of 136.60° ± 5.90° in Malawians of both sexes was significantly different from 142.57° ± 5.86° for American subjects (P < 0.001), as given by Craig (1995, J. Forensic Sci. 40:777–782), but the level of statistical significance between black Malawian females and black American females was at P < 0.01. Using the intercondylar shelf angle, 66.67% of male Malawians were correctly identified as such and 50.00% of Malawians females as such. Eighty‐three percent of males and 81.30% of females were correctly identified as blacks. This angle has been shown to exhibit sexual dimorphism in Malawian subjects. Its importance in forensic anthropology is stressed. Clin. Anat. 14:254–257, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extremely high origin of the right coronary artery from the ascending aorta
Authors: Piegger Johannes , Kovacs Peter , Ambach Edda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCoronary artery anomalies, especially variations in the level of origin, are frequent. In most cases, the origin lies just a few millimeters superior to the supravalvular ridge; ectopic origins of more than one centimeter above this border are rare. We report a case in which the right coronary artery arises from the ascending aorta 38 mm above the supravalvular ridge. Clin. Anat. 5:369–372, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two bellies of the coracobrachialis muscle associated with a third head of the biceps brachii muscle
Authors: El‐Naggar Mostafa M. , Zahir Faisal I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReports that describe the abnormalities and complexities of the anatomy of the arm are important with regard to surgical approaches. This case study reports a combined abnormal form of the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii muscles of the left arm of an adult male cadaver that was detected during the educational gross anatomy dissections of embalmed cadavers. The coracobrachialis muscle demonstrated two bellies which formed shortly inferior to its origin from the coracoid process of the scapula. One belly inserted into the middle of the antero‐medial surface of the humerus, whereas the other belly inserted into the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. The musculocutaneous nerve passed between the two bellies, giving a separate branch to each. We suggest that the two bellies of the coracobrachialis muscle may represent the incompletely fused short heads of the ancestral muscle. The biceps brachii muscle showed a third head, which originated mainly from the antero‐medial surface of the humerus and partially from an aponeurosis belonging to the medial head of the triceps brachii muscle. These observations were confined to the left upper limb and were not accompanied by any other abnormality. Clin. Anat. 5:379–382, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Partial unilateral absence of the trapezius muscle in a human cadaver
Authors: Emsley Jason G. , Davis Michael D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report here the partial unilateral absence of the trapezius muscle found during dissection. The left trapezius was significantly reduced in size when compared to the right trapezius, especially in its inferior third. Moreover, the existing fibers of the left trapezius inferior to the scapula were only one‐third to two‐thirds as thick as those on the right. The vertebral attachment of the inferior fibers of the left trapezius was also notably higher than that on the right. Morphometric analysis indicated that the surface area of the left trapezius was approximately 50% that of the right trapezius. Fiber orientation along the left and right trapezius muscles was also markedly different. An examination of nerve supply yielded no apparent anomalies, therefore suggesting that the absence of trapezius has a developmental etiology. Clin. Anat. 5:383–386, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Web‐based learning for consolidation settlement analysis and reclamation design
Authors: Zhu Guofu , Lee Waihung , Luk Shuntim , Yin Jian‐Hua 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper first presents a review on the applications of information technologies in assisting learning of geotechnical subjects. Then, a Web‐based learning program for consolidation settlement analysis and reclamation is introduced. Various aspects of consolidation settlement process, consolidation theory and design of reclamation can be illustrated using this module. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 9: 149–156, 2001