bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wellness in work - supporting people in work and assisting people to return to the workforce: An economic evidence review
Authors: Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Spencer Llinos Haf , Anthony Bethany Fern , Davies Jacob , Pisavadia Kalpa , Makanjuola Abraham , Lloyd-Williams Huw , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Collins Brendan , Charles Joanna Mary , Lewis Ruth , Cooper Alison , Barutcu Sezen , McKibben Mary-Ann , Edwards Adrian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRapid review methodology was used to identify updated economic evidence on programmes or interventions designed to enable employees to remain in and return to the workforce. In Wales, there are currently 1.48 million people in employment and 58,300 people who are unemployed. This equates to an unemployment rate of 3.8% in Wales.The evidence in this report builds on a previousWellness in Workreport (Edwards et al., 2019). This review has a broad focus to understand the economic impact of well-being within the workplace. The main section of the report is on the economic benefits of keeping the workforce well. Seventy-six papers were included from databases searched for literature published between 2017 and 2023.Economics studies were found relating to common mental health conditions; severe mental health conditions; influenza vaccination; illicit drug use; smoking and vaping; healthy eating and physical activity. A range of economic evidence of low, medium, and high quality relating to interventions targeting well-being in the workforce was identified. This included high quality evidence that interventions in the workforce for employees at risk of common mental health disorders can be cost saving for businesses and the health and social care sector. There is also high quality evidence on the cost-effectiveness of interventions focusing on healthy eating and physical activity in the workplace. Some evidence gaps were also identified.Policy and practice implications:There is a need to consider the evidence presented in this rapid review on cost-effective interventions to improve the wellness of the workforce in Wales. Updated policies and procedures to improve equal employment opportunities, regardless of age, gender, or disability status are needed.Economic considerations:Amongst the G7 nations, the United Kingdom (UK) is performing relatively poorly in relation to returning to pre-pandemic employment rates. This is in part caused by the long elective (planned) surgery waiting lists present in the National Health Service (NHS) right across the UK, highlighting the circular relationship between health and the economy.Funding statement:The Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, the Bangor Institute for Medical and Health Research, and the Swansea Centre for Health Economics were funded for this work by the Health and Care Research Wales Evidence Centre, itself funded by Health and Care Research Wales on behalf of Welsh Government.
Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Head and Neck Cancers Using Pulsed Reduced Dose Rate Radiotherapy: An Institutional Series
Authors: Megahed Romy , Prabhu Arpan V. , Mack Delanie P. , Gholami Somayeh , Samanta Santanu , Patel Mausam , Lewis Gary D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurpose/Objective(s)Pulsed reduced dose rate (PRDR) radiation (RT) is a re-irradiation (Re-RT) technique that potentially overcomes dose/volume constraints in the setting of previous radiation therapy. While the use of this Re-RT technique has been reported for other disease sites, there is minimal data for its use for recurrent or secondary primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC). In this study, we report preliminary data from our institution of a consecutive cohort of patients with HNSCC who received PRDR Re-RT.Materials/MethodsOut of 11 patients who received PRDR Re-RT from August 2020 to January 2023, 9 had analyzable data. Intensity modulated RT was used for treatment delivery using either volume modulated arc therapy or helical tomotherapy. A wait time between 20cGy arc/helical deliveries was used to achieve the effective low dose rate. Data collected included patient demographic information, prior interventions, diagnosis, radiation therapy dose and fractionation, progression free survival, overall survival, and toxicity rates.ResultsThe median time to PRDR from completion of initial RT was 13 months (range, 6-50 months). All but one patient underwent salvage surgery prior to PRDR. In total, 4 patients received systemic therapy as part of their re-treatment courses. The median follow-up after Re-RT was 7 months. The median OS from PRDR was 7 months (range, 1-32 months). Median PFS was 7 months (range, 1-32 months). One patient (11.1%) had acute grade 3 toxicity, and two patients (22.2%) had late grade 3 toxicities. There were no acute or late grade 4 or 5 toxicities.ConclusionPRDR for Re-RT is a feasible treatment strategy for patients with recurrent or second primary HNSCC. Initial findings from this retrospective review suggest reasonable survival outcomes and potentially improved toxicity; prospective data is needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this technique.
A genome-wide meta-analysis of palmoplantar pustulosis implicates Th2 responses and cigarette smoking in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Hernandez-Cordero Ariana , Thomas Laurent , Smail Alice , Lim Zhao Qin , Saklatvala Jake R , Chung Raymond , Curtis Charles J , Baum Patrick , Visvanathan Sudha , Burden A David , Cooper Hywel L , Dunnill Giles , Griffiths Christopher EM , Levell Nick J , Parslew Richard , Reynolds Nick J , Wahie Shyamal , Warren Richard B , Wright Andrew ,   The APRICOT and PLUM Study Team, Simpson Michael , Hveem Kristian , Barker Jonathan N , Dand Nick , Loset Mari , Smith Catherine H , Capon Francesca 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is an inflammatory skin disorder that mostly affects smokers and manifests with painful pustular eruptions on the palms and soles. While the disease can present with concurrent plaque psoriasis, TNF and IL-17/IL-23 inhibitors show limited efficacy. There is therefore a pressing need to uncover PPP disease drivers and therapeutic targets.ObjectivesTo identify genetic determinants of PPP and investigate whether cigarette smoking contributes to disease pathogenesis.MethodsWe performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of three North-European cohorts (n=1,456 PPP cases and 402,050 controls). We then used the scGWAS program to investigate the cell-type specificity of the resulting association signals. We undertook genetic correlation analyses to examine the similarities between PPP and other immune-mediated diseases. Finally, we applied Mendelian randomization to analyze the causal relationship between cigarette smoking and PPP.ResultsWe found that PPP is not associated with the main genetic determinants of plaque psoriasis. Conversely, we identified genome-wide significant associations with theFCGR3A/FCGR3BandCCHCR1loci. We also observed 13 suggestive (P<5X10-6) susceptibility regions, including theIL4/IL13interval. Accordingly, we demonstrated a significant genetic correlation between PPP and Th2-mediated diseases like atopic dermatitis and ulcerative colitis. We also found that genes mapping to PPP-associated intervals were preferentially expressed in dendritic cells and enriched for T-cell activation pathways. Finally, we undertook a Mendelian randomization analysis, which supported a causal role of cigarette smoking in PPP.ConclusionsThe first genome-wide association study of PPP points to a pathogenic role for deregulated Th2 responses and cigarette smoking.Clinical implicationsThe results of the first PPP GWAS support the therapeutic potential of agents that inhibit Th2 responses and target inflammatory pathways activated by cigarette smoking.CapsuleThe genetic analysis of ∼1,400 PPP cases and 400,000 healthy controls points to a causal role of abnormal Th2 responses and cigarette smoking. This supports the therapeutic utility of Th2 inhibition.
Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana
Authors: Kuuyi Alice , Kogi Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunization is believed to prevent deaths from diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles in about 2.5 million children each year worldwide. Failure to vaccinate children in the required timeframe could result in disease outbreaks and increased costs. This study was to identify the causes of low vaccination coverage among children in Nadowli-Kaleo district, Ghana.An analytical cross-sectional study was adopted for this study. Three hundred and thirty-six participants (336) were recruited through a systematic sampling method. Data was collected using KoboCollect online data collection tool. Data was analyzed using Stata Version 17.0. Chi-square test was used to establish a link between the child’s immunization status and the independent variables. Finally, logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association. To determine statistical significance, a p-value of less than 0.05 at the 95 percent confidence level was employed.It was revealed that immunization status among children under-five was a little above average (55.4%). Factors that were significantly associated with child full immunization were mother’s or caregiver’s age, marital status, occupation, and current child’s birth order (p-value < 0.05). Other location-related factors significantly associated with full immunization of children were number of ANC visits, delivery location, and distance to health facility. Giving birth to a child at the health facility had higher chance of 2.12 times to be fully immunized than giving birth at home [AOR (95%CI) p-value=2.12 (1.14-3.94)0.017]. The health system related factors which were found to be statistically associated with child full immunization included time spent during immunization service and being informed when to come for the next vaccination.Immunization coverage is not very encouraging at our study site. To enhance childhood vaccination rates, we suggest expanding access to health services, institutional childbirth, and timely regular antenatal visits.
Computational prediction of therapeutic response and cancer outcomes
Authors: Griffiths Matthew , Kubeyev Amanzhol , Laurie Jordan , Giorni Andrea , Zillmann da Silva Luiz A. , Sivasubramaniam Prabu , Foster Matthew , Biankin Andrew V. , Asghar Uzma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOncology therapeutic development continues to be plagued by high failure rates leading to substantial costs with only incremental improvements in overall benefit and survival. Advances in technology including the molecular characterisation of cancer and computational power provide the opportunity to better model therapeutic response and resistance. Here we use a novel approach which utilises Bayesian statistical principles used by astrophysicists to measure the mass of dark matter to predict therapeutic response. We construct “Digital Twins” of individual cancer patients and predict response for cancer treatments. We validate the approach by predicting the results of clinical trials. Better prediction of therapeutic response would improve current clinical decision-making and oncology therapeutic development.
Intra-aortic balloon pump is associated with the lowest whereas Impella with the highest inpatient mortality and complications regardless of severity or hospital types (rural or university) or after adjustment for 47 high risk variables and baseline characteristics by studying over 800,000 inpatients with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Movahed Mohammad Reza , Talle Armin , Hashemzadeh Mehrtash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundImpella and intra-aortic balloon pumps (IABP) are commonly utilized in patients with cardiogenic shock. However, the effect on mortality remains controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Impella and IABP on mortality and complications in patients with cardiogenic shock.MethodThe large Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was utilized to study any association between the use of IABP or Impella on mortality and complications in adults with a diagnosis of cardiogenic shocks.ResultsICD-10 codes for Impella, IABP, and cardiogenic shock for available years 2016-2020 were utilized. A total of 844,020 patients had a diagnosis of cardiogenic shock. 101,870 were treated with IABP and 39,645 with an Impella. Total inpatient mortality without any device was 34.2% vs only 25.1% with IABP use (OR=0.65, CI 0.62-0.67) but was highest at 40.7% with Impella utilization (OR=1.32, CI 1.26-1.39). Using multivariate analysis adjusting for 47 variables such as age, gender, race, lactose acidosis, three-vessel intervention, left main myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, systolic heart failure, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, etc., Impella utilization remained associated with the highest mortality (OR: 1.33, CI 1.25-1.41, p<0.001) whereas IABP remained associated with the lowest mortality (OR: 0.69, CI 0.66-0.72, p<0.001). Separating rural vs teaching hospitals revealed similar findings.ConclusionIn patients with cardiogenic shock, the use of Impella was associated with the highest whereas the utilization of IABP was associated with the lowest in hospital mortality regardless of comorbid condition, high-risk futures, or type of hospital.
Unique combination of Recombinase Polymerase Amplification with label-free citrate-stabilised silver nanoparticle assay offers a highly sensitive, fast, accurate and visual molecular detection ofKlebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Patnaik Naresh , Orekonday Nidhi , Dey Ruchi Jain 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOur study addresses the growing concern posed byKlebsiella pneumoniae, a significant pathogen acknowledged by the World Health Organization (WHO). This bacterium is particularly alarming due to its association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR), impacting immunologically vulnerable populations, especially in hospital settings, and playing a crucial role in wound management. Moreover, this pathogen raises significant concerns in maternal and child health, being correlated with adverse outcomes like pre-term birth, low birth weight, and increased susceptibility to infections in new-borns, often resulting in morbidity and mortality.A major obstacle to the effective and timely management ofK. pneumoniaeinfections is the absence of rapid and cost-effective detection tools in resource-poor point-of-care (POC) settings. This study introduces an innovative combination of three POC-compatible methods: Insta DNA™ card-based sample collection and DNA extraction, Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based isothermal amplification, and a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) aggregation assay for visual detection. Together, these methods offer simple yet highly sensitive, specific, and rapid visual detection of as few as ∼1 bacterium ofK. pneumoniaewithin ∼45 minutes. The synergy of these methods eliminates the need for sophisticated equipment, making it highly suitable for field and resource-poor POC applications.
The interplay between insomnia and Alzheimer’s Disease across three main brain networks
Authors: Elberse Jorik D. , Saberi Amin , Ahmadi Reihaneh , Changizi Monir , Bi Hanwen , Hoffstaedter Felix , Mander Bryce A. , Eickhoff Simon B. , Tahmasian Masoud ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInsomnia is prevalent along the trajectory of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the neurobiological underpinning of their interaction is poorly understood. Here, we assessed structural and functional brain measures within and between the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN).MethodsWe selected 320 subjects from the ADNI database and divided by their diagnosis: cognitively normal (CN), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and AD, with and without self-reported insomnia symptoms. We measured the gray matter volume (GMV), structural covariance (SC), degrees centrality (DC), and functional connectivity (FC). We tested the effect and interaction of insomnia symptoms and diagnosis on each index across groups. Subsequently, we performed a within-group linear regression for each network. Finally, we correlated brain abnormalities with cognitive scores.ResultsInsomnia symptoms were associated with FC alterations across all groups. The AD group also demonstrated an interaction between insomnia and diagnosis. In the CN and MCI groups, insomnia symptoms were characterized by patterns of within-network hyperconnectivity, while in the AD group, within- and between-network hypoconnectivity was observed. FC alterations within and between DMN and CEN hubs were associated with reduced MMSE scores in each of the groups. SC and GMV alterations were non-significant in the presence of insomnia symptoms, and DC indices only showed network-level alterations in the CEN for AD individuals.ConclusionsInsomnia symptoms affect the intrinsic functional organization of the three networks along the AD trajectory. Patients with AD present with a unique pattern of insomnia-related functional alterations, highlighting the profound interaction between both conditions.
Survey on emergency care utilization in tertiary care hospitals in Indonesia
Authors: Fujisawa Mineto , Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu , Tokita Akio , Iwamoto Yuta , Takeda Takanori , Condro Lukito , Tobing Monalisa , Prabowo Bobi , Qodri Rarasanti Rania , Battra S.Tr. , Goto Tadahiro 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIndonesia’s emergency care system remains suboptimal despite rising demand due to socio-economic changes and increased life expectancy. This study aims to examine patient and family perceptions of the current emergency care system, identify potential needs, and provide a foundation for its development and improvement.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used an online survey at two Indonesian hospitals in 2022 to target adult emergency department patients or their families. Each participant’s demographic data, patient journey details, and potential additional medical services were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe study included 446 participants, primarily family members of patients (93.7%), with a median age of 37 (IQR: 28 to 43□years). The majority of patients visited the hospital using private cars (36.9%) and taxis (17.2%), with marked variation between the two hospitals. Only 9.4% of participants were aware of Public Safety Center (PSC) services, and the majority (58.9%) did not use them because they did not know how to contact PSC. The most common waiting time was up to 20 minutes at two tertiary care hospitals. Additional services desired by participants included doctor reservation systems, medical interview applications, and home visitation services. Reported problems included long waiting times and crowded emergency rooms.ConclusionsThe study highlights transportation disparities and the demand for supplemental services to better emergency department experiences. For optimizing PSC utilization and future resource distribution, it is vital to further investigate patient behaviors and needs during emergency department visits.
Region-based analysis with functional annotation identifies genes associated with cognitive function in South Asians from India
Authors: Abu-Amara Hasan , Zhao Wei , Li Zheng , Leung Yuk Yee , Schellenberg Gerard D. , Wang Li-San , Moorjani Priya , Dey A.B. , Dey Sharmitha , Zhou Xiang , Gross Alden L. , Lee Jinkook , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Smith Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of dementia among South Asians across India is approximately 7.4% in those 60 years and older, yet little is known about genetic risk factors for dementia in this population. Most known risk loci for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been identified from studies conducted in European Ancestry (EA) but are unknown in South Asians. Using whole-genome sequence data from 2680 participants from the Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study of India (LASI-DAD), we performed a gene-based analysis of 84 genes previously associated with AD in EA. We investigated associations with the Hindi Mental State Examination (HMSE) score and factor scores for general cognitive function and five cognitive domains. For each gene, we examined missense/loss-of-function (LoF) variants and brain-specific promoter/enhancer variants, separately, both with and without incorporating additional annotation weights (e.g., deleteriousness, conservation scores) using the variant-Set Test for Association using Annotation infoRmation (STAAR). In the missense/LoF analysis without annotation weights and controlling for age, sex, state/territory, and genetic ancestry, three genes had an association with at least one measure of cognitive function (FDR q<0.1).APOEwas associated with four measures of cognitive function,PICALMwas associated with HMSE score, andTSPOAP1was associated with executive function. The most strongly associated variants in each gene were rs429358 (APOEε4), rs779406084 (PICALM), and rs9913145 (TSPOAP1). rs779406084 is a rare missense mutation that is more prevalent in LASI-DAD than in EA (minor allele frequency=0.075% vs. 0.0015%); the other two are common variants. No genes in the brain-specific promoter/enhancer analysis met criteria for significance. Results with and without annotation weights were similar. Missense/LoF variants in some genes previously associated with AD in EA are associated with measures of cognitive function in South Asians from India. Analyzing genome sequence data allows identification of potential novel causal variants enriched in South Asians.
Genetic Associations Between Celiac Disease and Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Omar Mahmud , Omar Mohammad , Nassar Saleh , Lahat Adi , Sharif Kassem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCeliac disease, a gluten-triggered autoimmune disorder, is known for its systemic inflammatory effects. Epidemiological data suggest an association with type 2 inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis, however, genetic associations remain unclear, prompting this study to explore their potential genetic interplay.MethodsUtilizing Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization (TSMR), we examined genetic associations using 15 genetic instruments from GWAS datasets. Our analysis focused on celiac disease and its relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Power analysis was conducted to determine the study’s detection capabilities, and Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using various MR methods.ResultsA significant positive association was observed between celiac disease and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.037, 95% CI: 1.015 - 1.059), and a slight association with allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.0004 - 1.0032). Conversely, a minor protective effect was noted for asthma (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98). These results, supported by a high F-statistic, suggest a strong genetic linkage, despite some heterogeneity and complexity in the associations.ConclusionOur study identifies significant genetic links between celiac disease and type 2 inflammatory diseases, particularly atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, with a minor protective effect against asthma. These findings, underscored by a strong F-statistic, suggest complex genetic interactions and emphasize the need for further research to explore their clinical relevance.