bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic field load testing of a horizontally curved longspan LRT Kuningan bridge using eccentric mass vibrator and experimental modal analysis
Authors: Santoso B , Pramudito A , Zamad M K 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Light Rail Transit (LRT) infrastructure in Indonesia is developing at a rapid pace. The LRT challenging construction is the Kuningan-Longspan Curved bridge with a span of 148 meters and the radius of curvature R = 115 meter. Therefore, Kuningan LRT Bridge is considered as one of the longest concretes curved balanced cantilever LRT Bridge in the world. The implementation of bridge regulations in Indonesia requires a functional feasibility test before the bridge is operational. In the case of the Kuningan LRT bridge, functional feasibility tests were carried out in the form of static and the dynamic tests. The dynamic load test aim is finding the structure natural frequency in the vertical, Longitudinal and Transverse direction. There are 3 methods that being used to measure the dynamic parameters of the train bridge structure in Indonesia. The first method is the Impulsive method using the moving train with the speed of 25 Km/hour as a load. The second method is the usage of The Experimental Modal Analysis and the third method is the combination method of Experimental Modal Analysis with a vibrating instrument in the form of an Eccentric Mass Vibrator (Exciter). The experiment results and the modal fem from the designer is compared and presented in this paper.
Performance-based Analysis of Building Structures in Various Earthquake Zones
Authors: Nurjannah S A , Rosidawani  , Saloma  , Hanafiah  , Rafly M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The structural design of an eight-story building was examined to determine its performance in resisting ultimate loads. This was necessary for applying the building design in Indonesian regions with low to high seismic hazard levels. Studies have indicated that pushover analysis is suitable to assess the capacity of building structures against earthquake loads. However, as the structural design of each building produces its nominal strength, performance analysis must always be conducted. This study aimed at comparing the structural performance of buildings in regions with low, medium, and high seismic hazards, represented by the cities of Palembang, Jakarta, and Palu, respectively. A performance-based analysis was conducted using the pushover method to obtain the performance points. The responses of the building structures were the base shears, floor drifts, and inter-story drifts. The structural performance levels in the three regions were between immediate occupancy and life safety or were categorized as damage control, indicating minor damage. Because the structures exhibited high stiffness and ductility, they resisted the ultimate forces up to the damage control performance level in all regions. The greatest lateral drifts of 79.744 mm and 51.656 mm in the X- and Y-axis directions, respectively, occurred in Palu’s high seismic hazard region. The lowest lateral drift occurred in Palembang’s low seismic hazard region, in the X- and Y-axis directions of 59.401 mm and 38.378 mm, respectively.
Non-engineering house damage after the February 25th, 2022 West Pasaman Earthquake
Authors: Fauzan  , Istijono B , Ismail F A , Narny Y , Putra Y S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The earthquake that occurred on February 25, 2022 with a magnitude of M6.2 in West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera has resulted in many losses such as casualties and damages to infrastructure, especially residential buildings. To determine the level of damage to community houses due to the earthquake, a rapid visual assessment survey was conducted with the National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) and 100 Civil Engineering students. The Method used in this survey is based on the Public Work Minister Regulation, which categorizes the damaged houses into 3 categories, namely light, moderate and heavy damage. Based on the results of the assessment, the damage generally occurred on the walls and structural elements of the houses. The damages is caused by human error factors such as lack of planning, poor construction implementation, site selection and selection of quality building materials that were not in accordance with earthquake safe house building standards. One of the efforts to overcome the problem of the damage is to strengthen the house using a ferrocement layer. The level of buildings damage based on the distance from the earthquake center and the implementation of retrofitting on the damaged houses are also discussed in this paper.
Tunnel Stability Analysis Under Seismic Load Using Finite Element Method: A Case Study of Spillway Tunnel, Sidan Dam, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Arianto Benny , Gde Budi Indrawan I , Wayan Warmada I 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The location of the Sidan Spillway Tunnel, as shown on the Earthquake Hazard Zone Map of Bali Island, is in a moderate hazard zone. The support system of the spillway tunnel of the Sidan Dam, Indonesia, was empirically designed based on rock mass classification systems. The objective of this research was to verify the performance of the proposed support system by a numerical method considering the uncertainty in using rock mass classification systems for designing a tunnel support system. In addition, being located in an active seismic region, the seismic load was not considered in the empirical tunnel support design. The proposed tunnel support design was numerically modeled in two dimensions using a finite element method and subjected to a seismic load obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. A numerical analysis without seismic load was also conducted for comparison. Phase2 software was used for the tunnel stability analysis. The input parameters in the numerical analysis were derived from field investigations (surface engineering geological mapping and evaluation of drilling cores) and laboratory tests. The spillway tunnel area consists of pyroclastic rocks, and the Generalized Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion was selected for the strength parameter of rocks. The suggested support designs are systematic rock bolts (20 mm diameter fully grouted), wired mesh, shotcrete, and steel ribs at specific locations. The numerical models determined that applying the proposed tunnel support system recommended based on the empirical method resulted in a roof strength factor of more than 1.5 under static load & 1.1 under seismic load and roof displacements lower than a 10 cm maximum displacement at every stage of construction. The results verify that the tunnel construction will be stable and fulfill the required safety standard, both under and without seismic loads.
Identifying the potential development of HAZUS model as an earthquake disaster loss model for school buildings in Indonesia
Authors: Milyardi R , Pribadi K S , Meilano I , Lim E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Located in a complex tectonic zone, Indonesia is prone to earthquakes, which cause considerable damages to houses and buildings and lead to significant economic losses. One of the most significant damages to public facilities is the destruction of school buildings. In addition to hazard factor, poor building structure in most of Indonesia’s school buildings have contributed to increased earthquake disaster losses as a vulnerability component. To reduce disaster losses, quantifying earthquake disaster losses was conducted as an initial process. In practice, Indonesian government and Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) calculate disaster losses at the time of post-disaster using various methods. Such calculation method is generally time-consuming, which may impeded the disaster response process. Thus, pre-disaster disaster losses quantification method could be a solution to this problem, which have not been developed and widely applied in Indonesia. HAZUS model is used for estimating earthquake disaster losses in the pre-disaster phase and has been widely used based on the building performance developed by FEMA, USA. This study aims to identify the potential for developing the HAZUS model as a tool for estimating disaster losses in school buildings in Indonesia. The identification was conducted in four stages. The analysis of HAZUS models consisted of hazard analysis, capacity analysis, damage analysis, and losses analysis. A case study was conducted on disaster losses potential mapping in Cicendo District, Bandung City, Indonesia. On the hazard analysis, hazard data were applied on the basis of the Indonesian earthquake hazard and 2017 source map and building code of SNI 1726:2019 as response spectrum procedure. In the analysis of the building capacity, potential development was identified based on capacity building parameters (Ay, Dy, Au, Du) specific to the typical school building in Indonesia with a survey approach and analysis of existing buildings. Concrete Frame with infill masonry shear walls (C3) and Reinforced Masonry Wall with flexible diaphragms (RM1) were identified as the types of structures, which were close to the typical school buildings in Indonesia. The difference of local structure characteristics was identified as the potential to develop fragility curves of local structure on the damage analysis. In the losses analysis, four components of economic loss were applied, consisting of building replacement and repairment of losses, income losses, and building relocation losses. The potential and challenges lie in the use of limited taxonomic data on buildings and school administration data, as well as in the historical data approach to the costs and duration of school building repairs.
Liquefaction Potential Analysis and Soil Improvement Method for Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road in Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Kevin P , Wardani S P R , Muhrozi  , Atmanto I D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Based on soil investigation using SPT in the planned Yogyakarta-Bawen Toll Road in Sayengan District, Sleman Regency, the soil layers consist of sandy silt, fine-coarse sand, and gravel. Several studies that used the Idriss & Boulanger method showed the liquefaction potential in all observed locations is between high and very high. Therefore, the proposed soil improvement methods are stone columns and jet grouting. Further analysis is conducted to define the effective diameter of the column based on the excess pore pressure ratio (Ru) in both alternatives using the finite difference method (FDM). The result of Ru and CSR analysis in BH 78 showed that by using a 1.2 m diameter stone column in the triangular grid with 2.2 m spacing, Ru max is reduced by 54.75%, and SF liquefaction is improved to 1.202. Alternatively, soil improvement by using a 1.0 m diameter jet grouting in the rectangular grid with 3.0 m spacing showed Ru max is reduced by 11.41% and SF liquefaction is improved to 2.373. Therefore, improvement with the stone column simultaneously reduces Ru max and cyclic stress ratio (CSR), on the other hand, the jet grouting only reduces the cyclic stress ratio.
Analysis of Liquefaction Potential in Solo-Yogyakarta-NYIA Kulon Progo Sta. 16+700 – 22+500
Authors: Yulianisa  , Hardiyatmo HC , Faris F 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Solo-Yogyakarta-NYIA Kulon Progo is a National Strategic Project to accelerate the accessibility to New Yogyakarta International Airport (NYIA). This toll road will pass through Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Previous studies have investigated that during the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake with a moment magnitude, Mwof 6.3, liquefaction was found in some areas in Klaten Regency of Central Java Province. This study aims to determine liquefaction potential in the Solo-Yogyakarta-NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road Section 1, focusing on stations 16+700 to 22+500, which were located in Klaten Regency. This study first analyzes soil conditions and groundwater depth based on soil investigation data. Analysis of liquefaction potential was found out using Idriss-Boulanger based on Standard Penetration. Parameter of peak ground acceleration using two approaches; probabilistic and deterministic. For probabilistic, the peak ground acceleration using probability of 7% in 75 years and 2% in 50 years. For deterministic using the attenuation function of Campbell and Bozorgnia (2014). Then, the Liquefaction Potential Index was also used to determine the level of liquefaction vulnerability in the study area. The results of liquefaction potential analysis using each approach of peak ground acceleration show the differences in safety factor of liquefaction values. It can be concluded that several sites along the study area have the potential to liquefy at a very low to a very high level, with PGA value at least 0,43 for probability of 2% in 50 years, 0,32 for probability of 7% in 75 years, and 0,36 for deterministic approaches sourced by Opak Fault. Then, the location with the highest liquefaction potential is at stationing 20+550, with LPI values of each approach of 42.91, 33.36, and 34.70.
Study of soil liquefaction potential at Anutapura General Hospital, Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Septiadi D R , Hardiyatmo H C , Faris F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
On September 28, 2018, at 18:02 local time, a strong tectonic earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.5 struck Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, triggering liquefaction disasters in Palu city and Sigi district. The project of the Anutapura Medical Centre (AMC) building at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu city is one of the Indonesian government programs to support the rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructure after the earthquake. This hospital is located close to the liquefaction-affected area in Balaroa. Geologically, the hospital area is also located in the formation of Holocene deposits that have not been fully lithified. This study aims to analyze the liquefaction potential, which focuses on the construction area of the AMC building. The soil grain size distribution was used for the preliminary analysis of potentially liquified soils. The SPT-based liquefaction triggering procedure was used to calculate the safety factor (SF) against liquefaction. Subsequently, the SF value was further analyzed using the liquefaction severity index (LSI) to determine the severity level. The results show that soils in the study area have the potential to liquefy with a low to moderate severity level. The results are expected to be used as consideration to mitigate the possible liquefaction.
Comparison Between Liquefaction Potential Index And Liquefaction Risk Index In Solo – Yogyakarta – YIA Kulon Progo Toll Road (STA. 07+500 – STA. 16+700)
Authors: Hasiholan F , Ismanti S , Rifa’i A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The construction of Solo – Yogyakarta – YIA Kulon Progo Toll Road aims to facilitate community economic connectivity from various sectors and increase the accessibility of tourism around southern Java. This research area has geological conditions consisting of tuff (volcanic ash sand) and shallow groundwater, which can trigger liquefaction. Historical earthquake data from The IRIS Earthquake Browser showed that an earthquake with Mw 5.2 occurred in Klaten Regency. This study investigated the index of potential liquefaction and the risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction. The potential liquefaction analysis uses 10 SPT points at STA. 07+500 – STA. 16+700. The calculation safety factor of liquefaction analysis uses the method of Idriss-Boulanger. The index of liquefaction potential uses the LPI method, and the risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction uses the LRI method. The result of this study shows the index of potential liquefaction and risk of ground failure potential due to liquefaction from low to very high. The correlation between the index of liquefaction potential and the risk of ground failure due to liquefaction is linear. Based on this study, further research is needed regarding liquefaction mitigation to be carried out in this study area.
Liquefaction Potential Index Analysis in Solo – Yogyakarta - NYIA Kulon Progo Toll Road (Section Karanganyar to Klaten Regency) at Central Java
Authors: Askaviolita  , Ismanti Sito , Fathani Teuku Faisal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Liquefaction had occurred in Yogyakarta due to an earthquake of moment magnitude, Mw 6.3 on May 27, 2006. This earthquake caused severe damage in several areas in Central Java. The study area in this construction was located mostly in some areas of Central Java Province that had a shallow groundwater table and often occurred earthquakes that might trigger liquefaction. The objective of this study was to analyze liquefaction potential in the construction of Solo – Yogyakarta – NYIA Kulon Progo toll road especially sta. 00+000-07+500 From Colomadu, Karanganyar Regency to Delanggu, Klaten Regency using two scenarios based on the existing earthquake history according to USGS data. That were earthquakes with Mw 6.3 and Mw 5.2 on a total of 47 boreholes. This study used data from Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) and laboratory tests. The liquefaction potential analysis used the simplified procedure and Liquefaction Potential Index method. Based on liquefaction potential analysis, an earthquake of Mw 5.2 has a very low liquefaction potential compared to an earthquake of Mw 6.3. According to analysis results and hazards caused, an earthquake with Mw 6.3 is recommended to be used as a basis for mitigation against liquefaction planning.
Seismic Load Design of Rukoh Dam Suppletion Tunnel in Pidie Regency, Aceh, Indonesia, Based on Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analyses
Authors: Nuraulia M R , Indrawan I G B , Aldiamar F 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Rukoh Dam suppletion tunnel construction site in Pidie Regency, Aceh province, is located 5.6 kilometers from the Seulimeum-South segment of the active Sumatran fault. The active fault features a strike-slip fault mechanism with a slip rate of 7.0 millimeters per year and a maximum earthquake-recorded magnitude of 6.9 Mw. Considering that the construction site is located less than 10 kilometers from the active fault, which may cause earthquakes with a magnitude of at least 6 Mw, the SNI 1729:2019, which describes the procedures for planning earthquake resistance for buildings and non-building structures, requires the seismic load to be designed based on the site-specific responses analysis. Determination of the seismic load using a deterministic seismic hazard analysis was the objective of this study. The seismic load based on the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis by Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PusGen) in 2017 is also compared. The 2017 Indonesian Earthquake Source and Hazard Map were used to find out about the fault mechanism, slip rate, deterministic magnitude, orientation, and coordinates of traces. The deterministic seismic hazard analysis was conducted using EZ-FRISK 8.07 software and attenuation equations with shallow crustal earthquake sources for fault and shallow background earthquake sources, i.e., the Boore-Atkinson NGA 2014, the Campbell-Bozorgnia NGA 2014, and the Chiou-Youngs NGA 2014 equations. The deterministic analysis based on those attenuation equations predicted the active fault to result in a peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.66 g at the construction site of the Rukoh Dam suppletion tunnel. In comparison, the probabilistic hazard analysis conducted by Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional (PusGen) in 2017 indicated a peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.537 g. Therefore, the seismic load is recommended for the structural designs of the embankment dam and the other infrastructures, particularly the suppletion tunnel.
Analytical Study on Ground Behavior During the 2018 Sulawesi Earthquake, Indonesia
Authors: Hori Ren , Inoue Kazuma , Ikeda Takaaki , Kiyota Takashi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, Indonesia, caused long-distance ground flow in several areas in Palu city, about 80 km south of the epicenter, with the largest area reaching about 3.5 km × 1.5 km. The common feature of the long-distance ground flow area is that the slope of the ground surface is gentle. In this study, we aim to clarify the mechanism of the long-distance ground flow by using seismic response analysis and simplified liquefaction analysis. Three sites with different damage conditions will be targeted. Then, a one-dimensional soil column model is created from the boring log, and the response characteristics are analyzed by seismic response analysis. Also, a geological survey of the site confirmed that there are mountains of 2000 m in height around the site, thus water easily accumulates in the alluvial fan under the mountains. It is also assumed that pressurized groundwater exists. There are some possible causes of the flow: one is the formation of an aquifer beneath the surface layer, which may have initiated the flow; the other is the liquefaction from the surface layer to the cap layer, which may have caused the cap to come off and pressurized groundwater to be ejected, leading to long-distance ground flow. In this study, we consider the liquefaction of the surface layer, and the large relative displacement between the cap layer and the layer below it created water paths, and the pressurized groundwater is supplied continuously to the upper layer through the water paths. As a result, in terms of ground seismic response analysis results, shear strain and relative displacement were larger at the damaged point, but no remarkable results were obtained. However, in the simple liquefaction analysis, it was suggested that the liquefaction layer increased when the pressure is taken into account, leading to long-distance ground flow.
Earthquake Risk Potential Caused by Active Faults in Sumatra (Case Study: Earthquakes in the Land of West Sumatra Province and its vicinity)
Authors: Murjaya Jaya , Rahman Aditya Setyo , Sili Petrus Demon , Karnawati Dwikorita , Supriyanto  , Fatimah Siti , Sutiyono  , Sugianto Dedi , Ahadi Suaidi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The land of West Sumatra province is one of prone area stricken by the destructive earthquakes. Based on historical records, the land of West Sumatra province has a high seismic risk related to the earthquake events along active faults, such as the Sianok, Barumun, Sumani, Siulak and Angkola faults. Some destructive earthquakes occurred in these faults and caused fatalities in West Sumatra area and its vicinity, e.g., the earthquakes near Bukit Tinggi district in 1926, 1977, 2007 (doublet earthquakes-Tabel 1) and 2022. A previous study shows that the Sumani, Siulak, Sianok, Barumun and Angkola faults has a potential magnitude 7.1-7.7, a geodetic slip-rate of 6-14 mm/y respectively and these move generally strike slip. Using these magnitude scenarios to make the earthquakes impact modelled, we find the maximum intensity is about of VII-VIII MMI scale, the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is about of 42-64 % g, and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) is about of 30-50 cm/s for the assumption of 5-15 km hypocentral depth. Also with using the scaling law relation of earthquake parameters and magnitude scenarios the earthquake return period can be calculated by a kinematic model with the source mechanism was modelled as a strike slip faults. Estimation of the earthquake return period with magnitude (Mw) scenarios about 7.1-7.7 for these active faults is about of 114 until 612 years for strike slip model respectively. This method can be developed to make identically assessment for others active fault in Sumatra region and the result can be used as one of a consideration to support of planning of the long term landscape in the prone of earthquakes area.