bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central anatomy of individual rapidly adapting low‐threshold mechanoreceptors innervating the “hairy” skin of newborn mice: Early maturation of hair follicle afferents
Authors: Woodbury C. Jeffery , Ritter Amy M. , Koerber H. Richard 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAdult skin sensory neurons exhibit characteristic projection patterns in the dorsal horn of the spinal gray matter that are tightly correlated with modality. However, little is known about how these patterns come about during the ontogeny of the distinct subclasses of skin sensory neurons. To this end, we have developed an intact ex vivo somatosensory system preparation in neonatal mice, allowing single, physiologically identified cutaneous afferents to be iontophoretically injected with Neurobiotin for subsequent histological analyses. The present report, centered on rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors, represents the first study of the central projections of identified skin sensory neurons in neonatal animals. Cutaneous afferents exhibiting rapidly adapting responses to sustained natural stimuli were encountered as early as recordings were made. Well‐stained representatives of coarse (tylotrich and guard) and fine‐diameter (down) hair follicle afferents, along with a putative Pacinian corpuscle afferent, were recovered from 2–7‐day‐old neonates. All were characterized by narrow, uninflected somal action potentials and generally low mechanical thresholds, and many could be activated via deflection of recently erupted hairs. The central collaterals of hair follicle afferents formed recurrent, flame‐shaped arbors that were essentially miniaturized replicas of their adult counterparts, with identical laminar terminations. The terminal arbors of down hair afferents, previously undescribed in rodents, were distinct and consistently occupied a more superficial position than tylotrich and guard hair afferents. Nevertheless, the former extended no higher than the middle of the incipient substantia gelatinosa, leaving a clear gap more dorsally. In all major respects, therefore, hair follicle afferents display the same laminar specificity in neonates as they do in adults. The widely held misperception that their collaterals extend exuberant projections into pain‐specific regions of the dorsal horn during early postnatal life is shown to have multiple, deep‐rooted underpinnings. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:304–323, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on forepaw digit length and digit ratios in rats
Authors: McMechan Andrew P. , O'Leary‐Moore Shonagh K. , Morrison Scott D. , Hannigan John H. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPrenatal exposure to alcohol can cause limb and digit defects. Variations in digit ratios in humans are associated with prenatal testosterone exposure. Since prenatal alcohol can reduce testosterone in rats, the effects of prenatal alcohol were measured on rat digit length. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were intubated with 0 g/kg, 4 g/kg, or 6 g/kg of ethanol from Gestational Day 8 (GD8) to GD20. The 0‐g/kg group and a nonintubated group served as controls. At postnatal day 31, forepaw digit lengths were measured and digit ratios calculated. Females had smaller digits on both forepaws and higher digit ratios on the right forepaw than males. Rats exposed to 6 g/kg of ethanol had smaller digits than controls on both forepaws and higher digit ratios than controls on the left forepaw. Rat digit ratios differ between the sexes, and prenatal alcohol exposure affects digit ratios. The results are consistent with a perinatal disruption of testosterone levels by alcohol and/or of testosterone's effects on digit length and ratios. An alternate interpretation is consistent with a retinoic acid‐mediated effect of alcohol on digit length and ratios. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 45: 251–258, 2004.
Facial expression transformation based on sketch image and multiscale edges
Authors: Li Yuanzhong , Kobatake Hidefumi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method of transforming facial expression based on facial sketch image and multi‐scale edges. Multiscale edges, which are defined as local maxima of high‐frequency signal of facial images, are generally located on the edges of facial parts. Facial sketch images defined as line drawings of edges of facial parts are extracted by morphological processing, the generalized symmetry operator, the rectangle filter, and a geometrical template. Therefore, it is possible to transform the binary sketch image into gray‐tone multiscale edge images which are called characterized sketch images. The expression of the characterized facial image can be transformed easily based on FACS (Facial Action Coding System). By reconstruction based on Mallat's method of reconstruction of multiscale edges, facial images with different expressions can be obtained easily. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 84(9): 67–75, 2001
Antagonist anti‐human CD40 antibody inhibits germinal center formation in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: de Vos Alex F. , Melief Marie‐José , van Riel Debby , Boon Louis , van Eijk Marco , de Boer Mark , Laman Jon D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInteractions between CD40 on APC and CD154 (CD40L) expressed by activated CD4+ T cells are crucially involved in formation and function of germinal centers (GC), but mechanistic insight into these interactions remains limited. Functional studies have mostly been restricted to experimental immunization of young‐adult inbred SPF rodents that are often genetically manipulated, while studies in humans disallow in vivo manipulation. Therefore, we asked whether a functional antagonist of CD40 interferes with natural GC formation in adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) exposed to the environmental antigens of their conventional housing in captivity. Animals were treated with different doses of a unique chimeric antagonist anti‐CD40 mAb (ch5D12) and analyzed 1 week or 7 weeks after last injection. Detailed in situ analysis showed that high‐dose anti‐CD40 treatment increased the ratio of primary over secondary follicles compared to PBS or low‐dose treatment, indicative of impairment of the CG reaction. This impairment was reversible since recovery animals, except those with residual anti‐CD40 levels, had normalized ratios. Anti‐CD40 treatment was associated with decreased antibody production and increased numbers of apoptotic cells in GC. These data demonstrate that CD40‐CD154 interactions are pivotal in physiological GC formation in primates responding to environmental antigens, and they support immunotherapeutic strategies using antagonist anti‐CD40.
Defective up‐regulation of CD49d in final maturation of NOD mouse macrophages
Authors: Geutskens Sacha Brigitte , Nikolic Tatjana , Dardenne Mireille , Leenen Pieter Johannes Maria , Savino Wilson 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMacrophages are potent regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity. They play a central role in the development of autoimmune diabetes and are among the first cells to appear in peri‐islet infiltrates of NOD mice that spontaneously develop diabetes. Since efficient adhesion and migration are crucial for proper macrophage trafficking, we examined the migration and fibronectin (FN) adhesion capacity of NOD macrophages, as well as the regulation and expression of the FN receptors α4β1 and α5β1. When compared to macrophages from control strains, resident NOD macrophages showed a reduced ability to adhere to and migrate on FN, a delayed clearance following peritoneal inflammation, and substantially lower expression levels of the α4β1 integrin α chain, CD49d. NOD bone marrow‐derived macrophages were specifically defective in the LPS‐induced increase in CD49d expression. Moreover, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 negatively regulated macrophage CD49d expression and strongly suppressed its expression in NOD macrophages. The data presented herein indicate that the LPS‐activated signaling cascade plays a critical role in CD49d expression of macrophages. Mature NOD macrophages are characterized by decreased CD49d expression and show defective CD49d‐mediated adhesion to FN.
IREM‐1 is a novel inhibitory receptor expressed by myeloid cells
Authors: Alvarez‐Errico Damiana , Aguilar Helena , Kitzig Friederike , Brckalo Tamara , Sayós Joan , López‐Botet Miguel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing a three‐hybrid strategy, we have identified a novel cell surface molecule which interacts with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of SH2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1), termed “immune receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1” (IREM‐1). The full‐length cDNA coding for a polypeptide of 290 amino acids presents an extracellular single V‐type Ig domain, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail with five tyrosine residues, two of which are in the context of an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif. Moreover, cDNA encoding for three other splicing forms of IREM‐1, named IREM‐1 splice variant (Sv)1, Sv2 and Sv3 were cloned by reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR. The gene encoding for IREM‐1 contains nine exons, is located on human chromosome 17 (17q25.1) and is homologous to previously identified molecules termed CMRF‐35 and IRp60. RT‐PCR, northern blot and FACS analysis with specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that IREM‐1 is expressed on monocytes, granulocytes, and myeloid leukemia cell lines. Western blot analysis confirmed the recruitment of SHP‐1 to IREM‐1 and demonstrated that phosphotyrosine residue 205 is the main docking site for this interaction. Finally, cross‐linking of IREM‐1 results in the inhibition of FcRϵ‐induced activation. Our results indicate that IREM‐1 is a novel inhibitory receptor of the Ig superfamily in myeloid cells.
Development of CD1d‐restricted NKT cells in the mouse thymus
Authors: Dao Tao , Guo Donglin , Ploss Alexander , Stolzer Amy , Saylor Carolyn , Boursalian Tamar. E. , Im Jin Seon , Sant'Angelo Derek B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractUsing genetic and phenotypic analyses, we have analyzed the developmental pathway of mouse CD1d‐restricted invariant NKT cells. We provide strong evidence that similar to conventional T cells, positive selection of NKT cells occurs during a CD4+CD8+ stage. Later stages of NKT cell development involved the down‐regulation of both TCR and CD4 levels and therefore diverge from conventional T cell development pathways. A unique and complete dependency for development on Fyn, a Src family kinase member, also distinguishes the NKT cell and conventional T cell populations.
Dating methods for sediments of caves and rockshelters with examples from the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Schwarcz H. P. , Rink W. J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA wide range of potential dating methods may be applied to archaeological deposits found in caves and rockshelters, depending on the nature of the deposit and age range of the deposit. Organic sediments, including faunal and floral material, can be dated by radiocarbon (AMS and high‐sensitivity beta‐counting). Many karstic features contain speleothems which can be dated with high accuracy by U‐series. Wind‐blown detritus, where it is the dominant constituent of the cave deposits, can be dated by luminescence (TL, OSL, or IRSL), taking care to avoid material fallen into the deposits from the shelter/cave walls. Fireplaces contain burned rocks (including stone artifacts) which can be dated by TL. Enamel from the teeth of mammals is present in most sites, representing either animal residents of the shelter, or residues from food brought to the shelter by human residents. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of enamel is applicable over a wide time range, with high accuracy and reasonable precision where uranium accumulation in teeth is low, but with lower precision where uranium content in teeth is high. In general, multiple dating methods applied to a site may resolve ambiguities arising from uncertain model assumptions in some dating methods. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: The impact of treatment modality
Authors: Chao K. S. Clifford , Kaplan Carol , Simpson Joseph R. , Haughey Bruce , Spector Gershon J. , Sessions Donald G. , Arquette Matthew 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the impact of treatment modality on esthesioneuroblastoma.MethodsBetween 1976 and 1996, 25 patients with esthesioneuroblastoma were treated at Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology. There were 11 male and 14 female patients; their ages ranged from 16 to 73 years (median, 57 years). The tumors were Kadish stage A in 3, Stage B in 13, C in 8, and modified D in 1 (cervical nodal metastasis). Seventeen patients were treated with surgery and radiation therapy, six were treated with irradiation alone, and two were treated with surgery only. Eight patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow‐up was 8 years (range, 2–24 years).ResultsThe 5‐year actuarial overall survival, disease‐free survival, and local tumor control rates were 66.3%, 56.3%, and 73.0%, respectively. Kadish stage was not a significant prognosticator for local control or disease‐free survival. Five‐year local control rates were 87.4% for the combination of surgery and radiation therapy and 51.2% for irradiation alone. Two patients with Kadish stage A and B disease underwent surgical resection alone; both failed locally. In contrast, 33.3% of patients (three of nine) with Kadish stage A or B disease who received adjuvant radiation therapy had a local recurrence develop. With adjuvant radiation therapy, the surgical margin status did not influence local tumor control. Among the eight patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, six patients showed no response, one had partial response, and one showed a complete response.ConclusionsSurgical resection plus adjuvant radiation therapy yielded the best treatment outcome. More effective chemotherapy agents with a reproducible effectiveness are needed for patients with locally advanced esthesioneuroblastoma. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 749–757, 2001.
Prevention of isolation‐induced hypertension by intrahippocampal administration of a nonpeptide kappa‐opioid receptor agonist
Authors: Wright Rebecca C. , Ingenito Alphonse J. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPrevious research in this laboratory showed that hypertension in the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) appears to correlate to insufficient production of hippocampal dynorphins, and that blood pressure could be reduced by intrahippocampal administration of dynorphins and nonpeptide kappa agonists. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether kappa agonists could prevent the development of hypertension in a different hypertensive model, i.e., the isolated male rat model of hypertension (IHR).Isolation of young male rats for 5–7 days in standard rat cages caused an increase in systolic blood pressure from a mean of 132 to 184 mmHg. The blood pressures of rats grouped 3 per cage remained stable. Rats received the nonpeptide kappa agonist U62, 066E, (Spiradoline, Upjohn), 10 nmoles/0.2 μl or drug vehicle bilaterally into the the hippocampus for 3 days prior to and during isolation or grouping. Animals treated with U62, 066E did not develop hypertension as compared to isolated animals treated with vehicle. The isolation procedure used in these studies appears to induce anxietal stress, as indicated by reduced time spent by the rats in the open arms of the elevated‐plus maze. This time is increased by U62, 066E, suggesting that the drug possesses anxiolytic properties and may reduce hypertension in part, by blocking an anxiety/stress component.These data strengthen our previous findings that opioids in the hippocampus may be important in restraining increased blood pressure provoked by environmental stimuli such as isolation. Hippocampus 2001;11:445–451. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropathological studies of synaptic connectivity in the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia
Authors: Harrison Paul J. , Eastwood Sharon L. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractCytoarchitectural changes in the hippocampal formation have been prominent among the various neuropathological abnormalities reported in schizophrenia. Replicated positive findings include decreased neuronal size and alterations in presynaptic and dendritic markers. These findings, in the absence of neurodegenerative changes, suggest that there are alterations in the neural circuitry in schizophrenia. These may represent the anatomical correlate of the aberrant functional connectivity described in neuroimaging studies, which in turn contributes to the psychotic and cognitive symptomatology of the disorder. The identity of the affected hippocampal circuits remains unclear; there is evidence for both glutamatergic and GABAergic involvement, and perhaps for a gradient of pathology in which changes are most apparent in CA4 and the subiculum, and least in CA1. The data, their interpretation, and their limitations are discussed, with particular emphasis upon molecular and immunological studies of synaptic protein gene expression. Hippocampus 2001;11:508–519. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Closing science‐practice knowledge gaps: Contributions of psychological research to human resource management
Authors: Burke Michael J. , Drasgow Fritz , Edwards Jack E. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEvidence of science‐practice knowledge gaps among managers (Rynes, Colbert, & Brown, 2002), coupled with major changes occurring in the workplace over the last ten years, suggest the need for human resources practitioners to become as current as possible on how research findings can assist in improving the management of HR. Nine articles in this special issue provide rich information for understanding the contributions of psychological theories and research findings to HR management and, consequently, for closing science‐practice knowledge gaps. More specifically, the articles bring together pairs of scientists and practitioners to address science‐practice knowledge gaps in the areas of recruiting and selecting workers, managing performance, training and developing individuals, managing groups and teams, compensating employees, leading others, assessing employee attitudes, managing diversity, and managing downsizing. We hope these articles will stimulate and promote a broader perspective concerning the relevance and value of psychological research for improving HR practices and organizational functioning. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Employee attitudes and job satisfaction
Authors: Saari Lise M. , Judge Timothy A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article identifies three major gaps between HR practice and the scientific research in the area of employee attitudes in general and the most focal employee attitude in particular—job satisfaction: (1) the causes of employee attitudes, (2) the results of positive or negative job satisfaction, and (3) how to measure and influence employee attitudes. Suggestions for practitioners are provided on how to close the gaps in knowledge and for evaluating implemented practices. Future research will likely focus on greater understanding of personal characteristics, such as emotion, in defining job satisfaction and how employee attitudes influence organizational performance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats induced by the sesquiterpene, 9‐oxo‐10,11‐dehydroageraphorone, isolated from Eupatorium adenophorum
Authors: Bhardwaj Renu , Singh Ajay , Sharma Om P. , Dawra Rajinder K. , Kurade Nitin P. , Mahato Shashi B. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractEupatorium adenophorum leaves cause hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats. The hepatotoxicant has been characterized as 9‐oxo‐10,11‐dehydroageraphorone (ODA), a cadinene sesquiterpene. Oral administration of ODA, mixed in feed to rats, caused jaundice in 24 h. The liver of the intoxicated animals had focal areas of hepatocellular necrosis, proliferation, and dilation of bile ducts with degenerative changes in the lining epithelium. There was marked increase in the conjugated form of plasma bilirubin and in the activities of the enzymes glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and 5′‐nucleotidase. The histopathological lesions in liver and biochemical profile of marker enzymes show that ODA induced hepatotoxicity and cholestasis in rats. This is the first report on the toxicity of a cadinene sesquiterpene in rats. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:279–286, 2001
Mercury stimulates rat liver glucocorticoid receptor association with Hsp90 and Hsp70
Authors: Brkljačić Jelena , Milutinović Danijela Vojnović , Dundjerski Jadranka , Matić Gordana 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe subject of the present study is the influence of mercury on association of rat liver glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp70. The glucocorticoid receptor heterocomplexes with Hsp90 and Hsp70 were immunopurified from the liver cytosol of rats administered with different doses of mercury. The amounts of co‐immunopurified apo‐receptor, Hsp90 and Hsp70 were then determined by quantitative Western blotting. The ratio between the amount of heat shock protein Hsp90 or Hsp70 and the amount of apo‐receptor within immunopurified heterocomplexes was found to increase in response to mercury administration. On the other hand, the levels of Hsp90 and Hsp70 in hepatic cytosol remained unaltered. The finding that mercury stimulates association of the two heat shock proteins with the glucocorticoid receptor, rendering the cytosolic heat shock protein levels unchanged, suggests that mercury affects the mechanisms controlling the assembly of the receptor heterocomplexes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 18:257–260, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20032