bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multiscale perspective for improving conservation of Conchos pupfish
Authors: Elkins L. C. , Acre M. R. , Bean M. G. , Robertson S. M. , Smith R. , Perkin J. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDesert spring systems of the American southwest hold high local fish endemism and are ranked among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. The prioritization of conservation resources to protect species living within these arid landscapes requires knowledge of species abundance and distribution. The plight of Conchos pupfish (Cyprinodon eximius) is representative of freshwater fishes the world over, including population extirpations caused by human poisoning of streams and reservoir construction, to the extent that the species was once considered extinct in the USA. We developed a distance‐sampling framework to monitor Conchos pupfish abundance and coupled this approach with species distribution modeling to guide conservation actions. Our multiscale approach included surveying abundances within 5‐m transects at three reaches of the Devils River, where the last known USA populations persist. We combined this fine‐scale analysis with species distribution modeling for stream segments across the range of the species in Mexico and USA. Modeling revealed Conchos pupfish abundance among transects was negatively correlated with current velocity and detection was negatively correlated with water depth. Estimated abundance at a reach where the species was previously reintroduced was greater than other reaches combined in November 2019, lowest in March 2021 when reach water levels were very low, then equivalent with other reaches by October 2021 after water returned to the reach. Modeled Conchos pupfish distribution illustrated a high probability of occurrence on the periphery of the species' overall range within Texas, USA and broadly across Chihuahua, Mexico, where proposed protected areas might benefit the species. Our study provides conservation guidance by establishing (1) baseline and trajectory values for abundance, (2) transect locations where abundances might be managed within existing protected areas, (3) reaches where high abundances could be used for future repatriation, and (4) stream segments where future surveys might be conducted to assess conservation opportunities.
Light and scanning electron imaging confirm sexual dimorphism in scales and anal‐fin rays of the genera Anatolichthys and Paraphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae)
Authors: Sungur Sevil , Esmaeili Hamid Reza , Echreshavi Sorour , Çiçek Erdoğan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe investigation of secondary sexual dimorphism is a significant and exciting research topic since it has to do with sexual selection, which is connected to selecting a mate and male competitiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microscopic characteristics of scales in several body parts and anal‐fin rays of nine species of the old world cyprinodontiform fishes belonging to the genera Anatolichthys and Paraphanius to find out possible secondary sexual dimorphic traits and their importance in aphaniid taxonomy. Both light and scanning microscopy revealed that scales show general characteristics of aphaniid species and present large cycloid scales of several subtype forms including cycloid‐true circular, cycloid‐chordate, oval‐reversed ovoid, polygonal‐pentagonal, quadrilateral‐square, oval‐ovoid and oval‐oblong in different body parts of fishes. Both genera had sexual dimorphism: (i) male individuals of all nine investigated species presented contact organs in the forms of ctenus‐like structure in the posterior margin of the scales and spicule‐like structure in the anal‐fin rays; (ii) caudal‐fin rays of both sexes lacked contact organs; (iii) the number, position, size and form of contact organs provided a taxonomic signal to identify the two genera; (iv) contact organs can be thought of as functional structures that keep male and female individuals in physical contact during courtship and display behaviour throughout the active phase of reproduction; (v) it can provide evolutionary signals because sexual dimorphism would come from various sexual selection pressures acting on both sexes.
Efficacy and safety of idecabtagene vicleucel in patients with relapsed–refractory multiple myeloma not meeting the KarMMa‐1 trial eligibility criteria: A real‐world multicentre study
Authors: Dima Danai , Rashid Aliya , Davis James A. , Shune Leyla , Abdallah Al‐Ola , Li Hong , DeJarnette Shaun , Khouri Jack , Williams Louis , Hashmi Hamza , Raza Shahzad , McGuirk Joseph , Anwer Faiz , Ahmed Nausheen 
Published: January 2024

SummaryIde‐cel received approval for relapsed–refractory multiple myeloma based on the results of the KarMMa‐1 trial. However, patients with significant comorbidities, aggressive disease and prior B‐cell maturation antigen‐directed therapy (BCMA‐DT) were excluded. This retrospective study evaluated real‐world outcomes of patients who did not meet the KarMMa‐1 eligibility criteria and were treated with standard of care (SOC) ide‐cel. A total of 69 patients from three US centres who did not meet the KarMMa‐1 criteria underwent ide‐cel infusion. The main reasons for trial ineligibility included baseline grade 3–4 cytopenia (39%), prior BCMA‐DT (26%), renal impairment (19%) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2 (14.5%). Cytokine‐release syndrome occurred in 81% vs. 84%, and immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome occurred in 28% vs. 18% of SOC versus KarMMa‐1 patients, respectively. Early infection (≤8 weeks post‐infusion) and severe infection rates were 42% vs. 49% and 30% vs. 22% for the SOC versus KarMMa‐1 cohorts, respectively. Grade 3–4 cytopenias for SOC versus KarMMa‐1 cohorts were: neutropenia (87% vs. 89%), anaemia (51% vs. 60%) and thrombocytopenia (65% vs. 52%). Overall response rate was higher for the SOC cohort (93% vs. 73%), as was the complete response or better rate (48% vs. 33%). However, median progression‐free survival and overall survival were comparable between the two groups. Our findings support broadening the inclusion criteria of future trials evaluating ide‐cel.
RNA methylation in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ozato Yuki , Hara Tomoaki , Meng Sikun , Sato Hiromichi , Tatekawa Shotaro , Uemura Mamoru , Yabumoto Takeshi , Uchida Shizuka , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ishii Hideshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRNA modifications, including the renowned m6A, have recently garnered significant attention. This chemical alteration, present in mRNA, exerts a profound influence on protein expression levels by affecting splicing, nuclear export, stability, translation, and other critical processes. Although the role of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD and colorectal cancer has been reported, many aspects remain unresolved. In this comprehensive review, we present recent studies on RNA methylation in IBD and colorectal cancer, with a particular focus on m6A and its regulators. We highlight the pivotal role of m6A in the pathogenesis of IBD and colorectal cancer and explore the potential applications of m6A modifications in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Lung transplantation in HIV seropositive recipients: An analysis of the UNOS registry
Authors: Donohue Jack K. , Chan Ernest G. , Clifford Sarah , Ryan John P. , Furukawa Masashi , Haidar Ghady , Bertani Alessandro , Hage Chadi A. , Sanchez Pablo G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundExperience with lung transplantation (LT) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is limited. Many studies have demonstrated the success of kidney and liver transplantation in HIV‐seropositive (HIV+) patients. Our objective was to conduct a national registry analysis comparing LT outcomes in HIV+ to HIV‐seronegative (HIV−) recipients.MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried to identify LTs performed in adult HIV+ patients between 2016 and 2023. Patients with unknown HIV status, multiorgan transplants, and redo transplants were excluded. The primary endpoints were mortality and graft rejection. Survival time was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThe study included 17 487 patients, 67 of whom were HIV+. HIV+ recipients were younger (59 vs. 62 years, p = .02), had higher pulmonary arterial pressure (28 vs. 25 mm Hg, p = .04), and higher lung allocation scores (47 vs. 41, p = .01) relative to HIV− recipients. There were no differences in graft/recipient survival time between groups. HIV+ recipients had higher rates of post‐transplant dialysis (18% vs. 8.4%, p = .01), but otherwise had similar post‐transplant outcomes to HIV‐recipients.ConclusionsThis national registry analysis suggests LT outcomes in HIV+ patients are not inferior to outcomes in HIV− patients and that well‐selected HIV+ recipients can achieve comparable patient and graft survival rates relative to HIV− recipients.
How collectively integrated are ecological communities?
Authors: Zelnik Yuval R. , Galiana Nuria , Barbier Matthieu , Loreau Michel , Galbraith Eric , Arnoldi Jean‐François 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBeyond abiotic conditions, do population dynamics mostly depend on a species' direct predators, preys and conspecifics? Or can indirect feedback that ripples across the whole community be equally important? Determining where ecological communities sit on the spectrum between these two characterizations requires a metric able to capture the difference between them. Here we show that the spectral radius of a community's interaction matrix provides such a metric, thus a measure of ecological collectivity, which is accessible from imperfect knowledge of biotic interactions and related to observable signatures. This measure of collectivity integrates existing approaches to complexity, interaction structure and indirect interactions. Our work thus provides an original perspective on the question of to what degree communities are more than loose collections of species or simple interaction motifs and explains when pragmatic reductionist approaches ought to suffice or fail when applied to ecological communities.
Cloud‐based deep learning architecture for DDoS cyber attack prediction
Authors: Arango‐López Jeferson , Isaza Gustavo , Ramirez Fabian , Duque Nestor , Montes Jose 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConventional methodologies employed in detecting distributed denial‐of‐service attacks have frequently struggled to adapt to the dynamic and multi‐faceted evolution of such threats. Furthermore, many of the contemporary detection and prevention solutions, while innovative, remain anchored to dedicated workstations, lacking the flexibility and scalability required in today's digital landscape. To bridge this technological chasm, this research introduces a state‐of‐the‐art intrusion detection system firmly rooted in advanced Deep Learning techniques. By leveraging the expansive and adaptable nature of cloud‐centric, service‐oriented architectures, we not only bolster detection precision but also offer a solution designed for modern infrastructures. This system provides enterprises with a robust, easily deployable tool that is both versatile in its application and proactive in its defence approach, ensuring that networks remain resilient against the continuously evolving spectrum of cyber threats.
Being adult children of late‐life divorced parents in Israel: A dyadic/familial perspective
Authors: Cohen Yafit , Demeter Naor , Koren Chaya 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the researchers examined adult children's experience during and after their parents' late‐life divorce. The study applies a familial/dyadic perspective. Family systems theory is used heuristically.BackgroundLate‐life divorce is rising due to increased social legitimacy of divorce and life‐expectancy. As parents age, their adult children become more involved in their parents' lives. Accordingly, adult children are expected to fulfill roles in their parents' life transitions such as late‐life divorce. However, adult children's experiences regarding their parents late‐life divorce is not as available in previous studies, especially from a dyadic/familial perspective.MethodSemistructured in‐depth qualitative‐interviews were conducted separately with 51 participants (28 adult children, 23 parents) composed of seven family units (n = 33) and nine parent–child‐dyads (n = 18). Thematic analysis and dyadic interview analysis were used.ResultsDuring the divorce, adult children experienced meaningful roles supporting their parents, mediating between them, or pushing them to finalize the divorce. Some avoided involvement. Parents described roles they assigned to their adult children and their consequences. After divorce, adult children continued supporting their parents, experiencing role reversal earlier than expected. Their new roles included relieving loneliness and worry and providing care.ConclusionThe roles adult children experience reveals unique challenges for adult‐child–parent relationships after parents' late‐life divorce, influencing the family system.ImplicationsConceptualizing adult children's roles and the implications for family systems contributes to theoretical knowledge. Family counselors should provide families with relevant tools to deal with these consequences. Policy makers and training programs for family therapy should address the consequences of late‐life divorce.
Survey of K‐12 world language program evaluation
Authors: Malone Margaret E. , Stevenson Malik , Pineault Caitlyn 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLanguage program evaluation has the potential for positive program impact by providing an opportunity for program stakeholders to reflect on their goals, examine their outcomes, and determine ways to move forward to maximize a program's effectiveness. However, many stakeholders are either unaware of the affordances of program evaluation or unable to access it for their programs. Moreover, many stakeholders have an incomplete understanding of what program evaluation entails and frequently confuse it with assessment. This paper examines the current capacities and needs of program evaluation for K‐12 world language programs, including the extent to which K‐12 world language professionals in this study currently utilize evaluation, and provides information on the kinds of language program evaluation workshops and tools that could be helpful for these populations.
The metabolic load‐capacity model and cardiometabolic health in children and youth with obesity
Authors: Orsso Camila E. , Vieira Flavio T. , Basuray Nandini , Duke Reena L. , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , Rubin Daniela A. , Ajamian Faria , Ball Geoff D. C. , Field Catherine J. , Heymsfield Steven B. , Siervo Mario , Prado Carla M. , Haqq Andrea M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic load‐capacity index (LCI), which represents the ratio of adipose to skeletal muscle tissue‐containing compartments, is potentially associated with cardiometabolic diseases.ObjectivesTo examine the associations between the LCI and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and youth with obesity.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study including 10–18 years‐old participants with a BMI of ≥95th. LCI by air‐displacement plethysmography (ADP) was calculated as fat mass divided by fat‐free mass, and LCI by ultrasound (US) as subcutaneous adipose tissue divided by skeletal muscle thickness. Sex‐specific medians stratified participants into high versus low LCI. Single (inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension) and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated. Linear and logistic regression models tested the associations between these variables, adjusted for sexual maturation.ResultsThirty‐nine participants (43.6% males; 59% mid‐late puberty) aged 12.5 (IQR: 11.1–13.5) years were included. LCI by ADP was positively associated with markers of inflammation and dyslipidemia; having a higher LCI predicted dyslipidemia in logistic regression. Similarly, LCI by US was positively associated with markers of dyslipidemia and blood pressure. In mid‐late pubertal participants, LCI by US was positively associated with markers of insulin resistance and inflammation.ConclusionsParticipants with unfavourable cardiometabolic profile had higher LCI, suggesting its potential use for predicting and monitoring cardiometabolic health in clinical settings.
4D food printing technology: Structural changes to culinary art and beyond
Authors: Singh Poornima , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Tripathi Anjali , Singh Rahul , Net Tarun Singh Shri , Ramniwas Seema , Pandiselvam R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe evolution of food manufacturing through 3D printing has expanded with the development of 4D printing technology and opened new possibilities in culinary applications. Compared to conventional 3D printing, 4D printing incorporates time as a new dimension, allowing for dynamic modifications to food structures. Self‐assembly and reactions to external factors such as pH, moisture content, or temperature are examples of these alterations. The gastronomic design and nutritional possibilities have increased with the use of 4D printing in the food preparation process. Personalized nutrition is a significant use of 4D printing in the food industry. With the use of this technology, food products may be tailored to meet the dietary requirements of everyone, encouraging better eating practice and treating nutritional shortages. Furthermore, complex culinary designs that were previously difficult to accomplish are now possible by 4D printing. Intelligent materials that adapt their surroundings allow for self‐adjusting forms or packaging, which lowers waste and promotes sustainable food practices. Transportation and food storage could be revolutionized by 4D printing. Food deterioration and waste can be reduced, and food quality preserved throughout storage and transportation with the help of self‐adjusting packaging that adjusts to temperature fluctuations. Examining the most recent advancements in 4D food printing technology, this review highlights how this technology can revolutionize customized nutrition, sustainability, waste management, and culinary inventiveness.Practical ApplicationsUnderstanding the concept and advances in food printing technology is important to develop nutritionally enriched food products with desired shape. The factors involved in 4D food printing technologies and the structural and biochemical changes in products during processing are critically analyzed.
I'm a 45‐year‐old woman in the body of an 80‐year‐old: The multiple losses of living and aging in the shadow of prostitution
Authors: Gnaim‐Mwassi Nora , Winterstein Tova Band , Avieli Hila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearch on aging women who are involved in prostitution is currently limited, both in terms of the number of studies conducted and their scope. Nevertheless, the available research suggests that women who are aging while involved in prostitution may confront some unique challenges. Thus, the study aims to explore the experiences of aging as narrated by Arab women in prostitution, using Intersectionality as a theoretical framework.MethodInterpretive phenomenological analysis was used, and semistructured interviews were performed with 12 participants.FindingsFour themes emerged: “I'm a 45‐year‐old woman in the body of an 80‐year‐old:” Loss of physical and mental health; “There is no retirement plan in prostitution: Economic and social losses; As they were taken, my soul went with them too: The loss of the parenting experience and motherhood”; and “I'm going to get older with the disgust clinging to me:” The loss of authentic identity and dignity.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate how aging serves to exacerbate overlapping forms of discrimination and marginalization.Clinical RelevanceHealthcare professionals, including nurses caring for older women in prostitution, should be aware of their unique circumstances, considering the social, economic, and healthcare obstacles they face. By being cognizant of these factors, healthcare practitioners can provide meaningful assistance in their pursuit of improved quality of life.
Racial/ethnic differences in living arrangements, distant relations, and later‐life mental health
Authors: Liu Jingwen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research investigates associations between living arrangements and older adults' depressive symptoms and whether these associations are moderated by extended family, friends, and neighborhoods for White, Black, and Hispanic older adults.BackgroundThe drastic marriage and kinship decline since the 1970s has raised growing concerns about aging alone in both the public and scholarship. This paper adopts critical race theory to examine the social convoy model which argues that distant networks will fill in to protect individuals from stressors in the absence of proximal relations.MethodsThis paper applies multilevel mixed‐effects linear models to 2006–2018 waves of Health and Retirement Study (N = 44,304 obs., with 32,599 White, 7028 Black, and 4677 Hispanics).ResultsWhile married couples living alone have the best mental health among Whites, co‐residing with both spouses/partners and children (the intergenerational coresidence) is associated with the lowest depressive symptoms for Black and Hispanic older adults. Moreover, strong social support from extended family and friends and a high level of neighborhood social cohesion can significantly mitigate increased depressive symptoms associated with living alone or with others only (people other than spouses/partners and children) for Whites, but not for Blacks and Hispanics.ConclusionThis research challenges the paradigm that considers “married couples living alone” as a normalized family structure. It also emphasizes the “double plight” of Black and Hispanic older adults, who show both a disproportionate decline in family ties and a lack of supportive distant relations serving as buffer zones in the absence of spouses and children.
Lot's Daughters and Naomi and Ruth: Of “Moral Love” and National Myths
Authors: Carter John E. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis essay argues that the book of Ruth's reopening of Israel's history and national mythology functions in such a way as to redeem, as it were, the plight of the subaltern Moabite—a plight begun with the daughters of Lot in Genesis 19. A parallel is then drawn with the 1619 Project, the recent journalistic project which posits the entire historical sweep of African slavery in North America since 1619 as the defining arc of the United States' founding. As theoretical frames, the essay draws on the work of literary critic Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (including her concept of “moral love”) and political philosopher Arash Abizadeh. In so doing, the essay illustrates how a “functionalist” approach to biblical ethics that balances the content of the biblical narrative with attention to how the text functions in its broader context can provide guidance for contemporary ethical application.