bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal changes in body fat and metabolic complications in young people with perinatally acquired HIV
Authors: Dirajlal‐Fargo Sahera , Jacobson Denise L. , Yu Wendy , Mirza Ayesha , Geffner Mitchell E. , Mccomsey Grace A. , Jao Jennifer ,   for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of body fat on metabolic complications remains poorly understood in young people living with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIV).ObjectiveOur objective was to assess the association of changes in adiposity over 2 years with metabolic outcomes in YPHIV.MethodsThe PHACS Adolescent Master Protocol (AMP) study enrolled YPHIV from 2007 to 2009 across 15 US sites, including Puerto Rico. We included YPHIV aged 7–19 years with body composition data assessed by whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and 2 years later. Metabolic outcomes included homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C). We fitted linear regression models to assess the association of increase in body fat over 2 years with metabolic outcomes at years 2 and 3.ResultsIn all, 232 participants had a second DXA and either HOMA‐IR or non‐HDL‐C measured at year 2. Participant characteristics at the first DXA were: age 12 years (9–14) [median (Q1–Q3)], 69% Black, and median CD4 count 714 cells/μL; 70% with HIV RNA <400 copies/mL. In adjusted analyses for every 1% increase in body fat from baseline to year 2, HOMA‐IR was higher by 1.03‐fold at year 3 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05). We observed that for every 1% increase in body fat from baseline to year 2, non‐HDL‐C was 0.72 mg/dL higher at year 2 (95% CI: −0.04–1.49) and 0.81 mg/dL higher at year 3 (95% CI: −0.05–1.66).ConclusionsIncreases in adiposity over time may lead to downstream decreased insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia in YPHIV.
Tourist personality, value co‐creation, and emotional well‐being
Authors: Uslu Abdullah , Tosun Petek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to examine value co‐creation as a predictor of customer satisfaction and emotional well‐being using a comprehensive research model. It investigated the personal (customer extraversion and agreeableness) and situational (customer–employee rapport) variables that influence value co‐creation (customer participation and citizenship behaviors) and, consequently, lead to customer satisfaction and emotional well‐being. The tourism sector was selected for the study because value co‐creation, satisfaction, and emotional well‐being are crucial for hotel managers and academic researchers in the dynamic and competitive service environment. Around 400 tourists in Turkey participated in the field research. Data analysis with partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that extraversion and agreeableness positively influenced customer–employee rapport and value co‐creation; agreeable and extroverted customers are more likely to positively interact with the service staff and engage in value co‐creation. Customer–employee rapport positively affects value co‐creation, customer satisfaction, and emotional well‐being. Value co‐creation has a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction and emotional well‐being. The results contribute to the literature by testing an original model illustrating customers' role in value co‐creation. Customer personalities shape value co‐creation in dyadic exchange relationships. Their personalities, behaviors, and interactions during the service process shape their satisfaction and emotional well‐being. This study contributes to the social exchange theory and service‐dominant logic perspectives by providing empirical evidence regarding the significant direct impact of value co‐creation on tourists' emotional well‐being.
Exploration of the mechanism of reinfusion of fresh autologous blood in type 2 diabetes mice to induce macrophage polarization and inhibit erythrocyte damage
Authors: Hu She‐jun , Xu Jia‐ming , Wu Man‐di , Yue Ke , Cui Ying‐hui , Bai Yu , You Lai‐wei , Guo Jian‐Rong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes triggers an inflammatory response that can damage red blood cells. M2 macrophages have inhibitory effects on inflammation, and play an important role in tissue damage repair and fibrosis. Autologous blood transfusion has the potential to inhibit red blood cell damage by mediating macrophage polarization.Materials and MethodsSwiss mice were used to establish a suitable type 2 diabetes model, and autologous blood transfusion was carried out. The mice were killed, the blood of the mice was collected and CD14+ monocytes were sorted. The expression levels of phenotypic molecules CD16, CD32 and CD206 in CD14+ monocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The proportion of M1 and M2 macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry. The Q value, P50, 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and Na+‐K+‐ATPase of red blood cells were detected. The red blood cell osmotic fragility test analyzed the red blood cell osmotic fragility. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression changes of erythrocyte surface membrane proteins or transporters erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, glycolipid transfer protein and signal peptide peptidase‐like 2A.ResultsAutologous blood transfusion induced a significant increase in the number of macrophages. The state and capacity of blood cells improved with autologous blood transfusion. Reinfusion of fresh autologous blood in type 2 diabetes mice made erythrocytes shrink. The expression of erythrocyte‐related proteins proved that the erythrocyte injury in the reinfusion of fresh autologous blood + type 2 diabetes group was significantly reduced.ConclusionThe reinfusion of fresh autologous blood into the body of patients with type 2 diabetes can induce macrophage polarization to M2, thereby inhibiting red blood cell damage.
Use of a refractive index–coupled diffuser to both generate and measure high‐numerical aperture illumination for light microscopy
Authors: Tadrous Paul J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhile numerical aperture of transillumination at or above 1.25 can be achieved with a substage oiled Abbe condenser, such immersion‐capable condensers can be expensive limiting their use in resource poor settings. Also the measurement of numerical aperture generated by illuminators has received relatively little attention in the literature compared to methods for measuring the numerical aperture of acceptance by objectives. In this article, I show how an inexpensive paper diffuser with refractive‐index coupling to the sample slide can generate illumination of a numerical aperture of over 1.4 at a small fraction of the cost of oiled dioptric condensers of comparable numerical aperture. In addition, I present two ways in which a diffuser may also be used to measure the numerical aperture generated by an illuminator using either a calibrated index‐coupled paper diffuser to implement an interpolative variation of the Horsfall method or a diffuser as a detector screen coupled to a self‐built microscope slide‐based illumination system apertometer.
Repair of Asian nasal subunit defects using nasolabial perforator flaps: A retrospective study
Authors: Lin Hong‐Ying , Bu Xi , Yang Xin , Zhen Yong‐Huan , Li Dong , Zhao Zhen‐Min , An Yang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe application of nasolabial perforator flap for nasal reconstruction has been reported previously with satisfactory outcomes, but the outcomes and risk factors of postoperative adverse events have been unclear to plastic surgeons.AimsTo statistically analyze the effectiveness of the nasolabial perforator flap in nasal reconstruction and the risk factor of postoperative complications and re‐operation.Patients/MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 58 Chinese patients who underwent nasal reconstruction with the nasolabial perforator flap from 2009 to 2021. The esthetic and blood supply outcomes were measured by plastic surgeons on a 5‐point Likert scale. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative complications and re‐operation.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 66.4 ± 2.0 years. The defect size ranged from 6.5 × 5.5 mm2 to 40 × 70 mm2, and 48.3% of defects covered more than one nasal subunit. Venous congestion occurred in 4.9% of flaps, and the immediate overall postoperative score was 7.72/10. More than one nasal subunit of involvement was the risk factor associated with re‐operation (p = 0.004), but no risk factor was associated with complications.ConclusionsThe nasolabial perforator flap is reliable for nasal reconstruction with good esthetic outcomes and fewer complications. However, a large number of involved subunits may lead to multiple surgeries for flap trimming in easterners.
Ramelteon attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and memory impairment following kainate‐induced seizures
Authors: Park Jung Hoon , Hwang Yeonggwang , Nguyen Yen Nhi Doan , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Shin Eun‐Joo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEvidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor‐dependent and ‐independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin receptor activation on the kainate (KA) neurotoxicity. This study examined the effects of repeated post‐KA treatment with ramelteon, a selective agonist of melatonin receptors, on neuronal loss, cognitive impairment, and depression‐like behaviors following KA‐induced seizures. The expression of melatonin receptors decreased in neurons, whereas it was induced in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after seizures elicited by KA (0.12 μg/μL) in the hippocampus of mice. Ramelteon (3 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and melatonin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) mitigated KA‐induced oxidative stress and impairment of glutathione homeostasis and promoted the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of Nrf2 in the hippocampus after KA treatment. Ramelteon and melatonin also attenuated microglial activation but did not significantly affect astroglial activation induced by KA, despite the astroglial induction of melatonin receptors after KA treatment. However, ramelteon attenuated KA‐induced proinflammatory phenotypic changes in astrocytes. Considering the reciprocal regulation of astroglial and microglial activation, these results suggest ramelteon inhibits microglial activation by regulating astrocyte phenotypic changes. These effects were accompanied by the attenuation of the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) induced by KA. Consequently, ramelteon attenuated the KA‐induced hippocampal neuronal loss, memory impairment, and depression‐like behaviors; the effects were comparable to those of melatonin. These results suggest that ramelteon‐mediated activation of melatonin receptors provides neuroprotection against KA‐induced neurotoxicity in the mouse hippocampus by activating Nrf2 signaling to attenuate oxidative stress and restore glutathione homeostasis and by inhibiting NFκB signaling to attenuate neuroinflammatory changes.
Competition‐induced downregulation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Dagan Rotem , Dovrat Guy , Masci Tania , Sheffer Efrat 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Controlled experiments at the level of individual plants show that legume species use different strategies for the regulation of symbiotic dinitrogen fixation in response to nitrogen availability. These strategies were suggested to improve legume fitness in the context of the plant community, although rarely studied at this level. We evaluated how nitrogen availability and conspecific vs heterospecific interactions influenced the strategy of regulation of nitrogen fixation.
We grew two species of herbaceous legumes representing two different strategies of regulation without interaction, under treatments of deficient and sufficient nitrogen availability, with conspecific or heterospecific interaction.
We found that Hymenocarpus circinnatus maintained a facultative strategy of downregulating nitrogen fixation when nitrogen was available under both con‐ and heterospecific interactions, as was also found for this species when grown alone. Vicia palaestina also downregulated nitrogen fixation under both con‐ and heterospecific interactions but did not regulate fixation when grown alone. Our results showed that under nitrogen limitation, interaction with a neighboring plant reduced fitness, reflecting a competitive effect.
Our findings suggest that when interacting with other plants, downregulation of nitrogen fixation is more likely, therefore reducing the energetic cost of fixation, and improving plant performance in competitive ecological communities, especially when nitrogen is available.
The naturalistic paradigm: An approach to studying individual variability in neural underpinnings of music perception
Authors: Alluri Vinoo , Toiviainen Petri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMusic listening is a dynamic process that entails complex interactions between sensory, cognitive, and emotional processes. The naturalistic paradigm provides a means to investigate these processes in an ecologically valid manner by allowing experimental settings that mimic real‐life musical experiences. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the naturalistic paradigm in studying dynamic music processing and discuss how it allows for investigating both the segregation and integration of brain processes using model‐based and model‐free methods. We further suggest that studying individual difference‐modulated music processing in this paradigm can provide insights into the mechanisms of brain plasticity, which can have implications for the development of interventions and therapies in a personalized way. Finally, despite the challenges that the naturalistic paradigm poses, we end with a discussion on future prospects of music and neuroscience research, especially with the continued development and refinement of naturalistic paradigms and the adoption of open science practices.
Do autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have a role in intra‐oral bone regeneration? A critical review of clinical guidelines on decision‐making process
Authors: Quirynen Marc , Siawasch Sam , Temmerman Andy , Cortellini Simone , Dhondt Rutger , Teughels Wim , Castro Anna B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the past decades, personalized regenerative medicine has gained increased attention. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) such as PRP, PRGF, and L‐PRF, all serving as a source of a large variety of cells and growth factors that participate in hard and soft tissue healing and regeneration, could play a significant role in regenerative periodontal procedures. This narrative review evaluated the relative impact of APCs in alveolar ridge preservation, sinus floor augmentation, and the regeneration of bony craters around teeth, both as a single substitute or in combination with a xenograft. L‐PRF has a significant beneficial effect on alveolar ridge preservation (<alveolar bone resorption, >bone quality). The data for PRGF are less convincing, and PRP is controversial. L‐PRF can successfully be used as a single substitute during transcrestal (≥3.5 mm bone gain) as well as 1‐stage lateral window sinus floor elevation (>5 mm bone gain). For PRGF and especially PRP the data are very scarce. In the treatment of bony craters around teeth, during open flap debridement, L‐PRF as a single substitute showed significant adjunctive benefits (e.g., >PPD reduction, >CAL gain, >crater depth reduction). The data for PRP and PRGF were non‐conclusive. Adding PRP or L‐PRF to a xenograft during OFD resulted in additional improvements (>PPD reduction, >CAL gain, >bone fill), for PRGF no data were found. Autologous platelet concentrates demonstrated to enhance bone and soft tissue healing in periodontal regenerative procedures. The data for L‐PRF were most convincing. L‐PRF also has the advantage of a greater simplicity of production, and its 100% autologous character.
“[A]ltered that a litle which before I had written”: how Margaret Hoby wrote and rewrote her manuscript
Authors: Lamata Juan Pedro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis essay conducts a paleographic study of Egerton Manuscript 2614, more commonly known as the “diary” of Margaret Hoby. To date, all scholarly studies of this document have been based on one of two print editions of the text. Unfortunately, these editions regularly mistranscribe and misrepresent the early modern manuscript and reduce its palimpsestic complexity. This is the first systematic study of this manuscript as a manuscript and what this textual artefact with all of its scratches, blots, strikethroughs, rewrites, and unfamiliar layout can tell us about how and why Hoby wrote it, and how and why she spent considerable time returning to and amending it. I argue that by looking at never before considered manuscriptal evidence we can conclude that Margaret Hoby produced her manuscript via a multistep process of rereading and revision, and that by approaching her revisionary marks as a form of tattoo, that is, as a form of writing over the self, we can better understand these marks as evidence of an iterative early modern form of self‐making through self‐writing and rewriting.
Judicial reasoning, individual cultural types, and support for COVID‐19 vaccine mandates
Authors: Brough Christopher , Liu Li‐Yin , Yeh Yao‐Yuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith heated political and public debate over government vaccine mandates, COVID‐19 offers an opportunity to better understand the role of policy justifications on people's perceptions towards a policy. Through this study, we aim to move beyond the partisan and ideological arguments for and against vaccine mandates to illustrate how individuals' worldviews, based on Cultural Theory, can better explain why people have different perceptions towards vaccine mandates. Using the judiciary and judicial reasoning as the setting, and controlling for individuals' preexisting opinion on COVID‐19 vaccines, we hypothesize that people who prefer vaccine mandates will agree with judicial reasoning that appeals towards individualistic and hierarchical statements. Additionally, we hypothesize that those who have confidence in the judiciary will agree with individualistic and hierarchical statements. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a conjoint survey experiment through Amazon Mechanical Turk. The results confirm the hypotheses.
High Temperature Tensile and Compressive Behaviors of Nanostructured Polycrystalline AlCoCrFeNi High Entropy Alloy: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Yoon Sungmin , Kimura Yasuhiro , Uchida Motoki , Ju Yang , Toku Yuhki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Molecular dynamics studies were performed to assess tensile and compressive behaviors at high temperatures up to 1200 °C for nanostructured polycrystalline AlCoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA). As the temperature increased, the tensile yield stress, tensile/compressive ultimate strengths, and elastic modulus decreased, whereas the compressive yield stress remained constant. The temperature dependence of the phase structures (face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP)) showed notable features between tension and compression. The HEA underwent FCC → HCP phase transformation when strained under both tension and compression. The evolution of the intrinsic stacking faults (ISFs) and extrinsic stacking faults (ESFs), which underwent FCC → HCP phase transformation, was observed. During compression, the ISFs → ESFs transition produced parallel twins. The evolution of mean dislocation length for the perfect, Shockley, and stair-rod partial dislocations was observed. Changes in the Shockley and stair-rod partial dislocations were observed after experiencing strain. The temperature dependence of the Shockley partial dislocation was high, whereas the stair-rod partial dislocation exhibited low-temperature dependence. From the simulation results, the structural usage of nanostructured polycrystalline AlCoCrFeNi HEA at elevated temperatures is recommended.
Modeling Green Water Load on a Deck Mounted Circular Cylinder
Authors: Gao Min , Draper Scott , McCauley Guy , Chen Lifen , Zhang Xiantao , Wolgamot Hugh , Taylor Paul H. , Cheng Liang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article uses scaled physical and numerical modeling to investigate an idealized but complicated problem in which green water impacts a circular cylindrical structure located on top of a fixed box representative of a vessel. A focused wave group was used to overtop the box and generate the green water event, which resembled a plunging wave with air entrainment. The plunger collapsed and ran across the deck before impacting and then scattering from the cylinder. To test the adequacy of the physical modeling, nominally identical experiments were conducted in two different laboratories, in different countries. The numerical modeling comprised computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed using openfoam. The flow features, the force on the cylinder, and the surface elevation on top of the box are compared in detail across the two physical models and the CFD. Consistent load measurements were obtained from the two physical model tests, with force impulse results differing by less than 10%, underscoring the validity of the results, even accounting for the complexity of flow–structure interactions. A comparison with numerical model results reveals some sensitivity to experimental precision in the flow measurements on top of the box and the green water load. Nonetheless, the overall force impulse discrepancy between experiments and numerical models is within 15%, highlighting that the robustness of the methods was used despite these sensitivities. The sensitivity to CFD mesh and iterating the incident wave to match CFD and experiment are also explored. The agreement between experiment and CFD serves as an example of the utility of CFD for modeling green water loads.
Thermal and Electrical Analyses of Organometallic Halide Solar Cells
Authors: Ozurumba Anthony C. , Ogueke N. V. , Madu C. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
For organometallic halide solar cells (OHSC), it is expected that their performance in hot climates is to be challenged by high operating temperature conditions typical of these regions. This study explores, for the first time, the performance of formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) solar cells under variations of seasonal and climatic conditions in Nigeria using a non-steady- state thermal model. From the thermal analysis, results show that the air temperature in the location of the solar cell under study played a significant role in the increase and decrease of the rate of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the OHSC. However, the cell temperature depended on the rate of heat loss and the solar radiation absorbed by the OHSC. The electrical analysis was based on the numerical simulation of a FASnI3 solar cell with the aid of a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). A decrease in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as the cell temperature increased was observed. Overall, while the OHSC suffered losses in efficiency in all locations during the hot season, the wet season saw an improvement in the PCE, especially in Twon-Brass (0.5% increase) where the most heat loss and least insolation were recorded. This shows that the power conversion efficiency of an operating OHSC is temperature-dependent, rather than the abundance of solar irradiance.