bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BATRACHOSPERMUM HETEROCORTICUM SP. NOV. AND POLYSIPHONIA SUBTILISSIMA (RHODOPHYTA) FROM FLORIDA SPRING‐FED STREAMS1
Authors: Shealth Robert G. , Cole Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACT Polysiphonia subtilissima Mont. Is reported for the first time from a freshwater environment. The presence of four pericentral cells, subdichotomous branching, apical trichoblasts and rhizoids arising from pericentral cells combined with a lack of cortication and reproductive cells is consistent with marine populations of this species. The range of filament length is 1.4–4.7 cm. Branch diameters are 38–76 μm and pericentral cell lengths are 58–125 μm. Batrachospermum heterocorticum sp. nov. is distinguished primarily by a developmental change in cortical filaments from typical cylindrical cells (5.0–7.9 μm diam in initial stages to enlarged, elliptical cells (12.9–24.1 μm diam) in mature axes. Another unique feature of this species is carpogonia with cylindrical, pedicellate trichogynes on stringht carpogonial branches in mid to outer portions of lateral whorls. Other characteristics of B. heterocorticum include the following: olive‐green color, 2–6 cm length, dichotomous to trichotomous fascicles in 4–7 tiers, 385–647 μm whorl diameters, 109–198 μm carpospore diameters and relatively small “chantransia” filaments.
INFLUENCE OF DESICCATION ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OFIRIDAEA CORDATA(RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Kraemer George P. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe influence of desiccation on the mechanical properties of the intertidal macroalgaIridaea cordata(Turner) Bory (Rhodophyta) was investigated over a range of water losses (0–83%) that bracketed in situ levels (26–67%). The tissue modulus (stiffness) remained constant for water losses up to about 70%, but increased sharply with losses between 70–83%. Tissue strength of desiccated samples did not fall below the range measured for undesiccated samples. There was a significant increase in breaking strain up to water losses of about 50%, after which breaking strain decreased. The relationship between toughness and desiccation resembled that for breaking strain. Overall, the mechanical properties of Iridaea cordata did not deteriorate when desiccated to levels consistent with those observed in the field.
EFFECT OF SODIUM AND NITRATE ON GROWTH OF ANABAENA FLOS‐AQUAE (CYANOPHYTA)1
Authors: Oleson Diane J. , Makarewicz Joseph C. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe growth response of a nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena flos‐aquae (Lyng) Bréb., to sodium and nitrate was examined in batch culture under controlled laboratory conditions. Sodium (range 0‐12 mg Na+· L‐1) enhanced growth of the cyanobacterium under nitrate‐sufficient (5.7 mg NO3‐N · L‐1) but not nitrate‐limited (0.49 mg NO3‐ N · L‐1) conditions. The magnitude of the growth response was related to the nutritional history of the culture. No significant effect of sodium on nitrate utilization was observed. The increase in ambient sodium levels in many lakes may provide a competitive advantage to cyanobacteria.
SETTLEMENT AND SURVIVAL OFPOLYSIPHONIA LANOSA(CERAMIALES) SPORES ONASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUMANDFUCUS VESICULOSUS(FUCALES)1
Authors: Pearson Gareth A. , Evans Len V. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe settlement patterns of spores ofPolysiphonia lanosa(L.) Tandy onAscophyllum nodosum(L.) Le Jolis andFucus vesiculosusL. were studied using a flow tank. Settlement sites were defined as ‘sheltered’ or ‘exposed.’ Surface area calculations revealed non‐random settlement onA. nodosum, with higher than expected spore frequencies on the thallus and lateral pits and lower than expected frequencies on the vesicles. Settlement ofF. vesiculosuswas random and significantly lower than onA. nodosum.On the shore, survival of sporelings from September (post‐sporulation) to May (pre‐sporulation) was highly non‐random on both basiphytes. OnA. nodosum, lateral pits ('sheltered') showed the highest survival frequency. Here the proportion of surviving sporelings increased over the study period, whereas the proportion on open thallus area ('exposed') decreased. OnF. vesiculosusalso preferential survival occurred on ‘sheltered’ sites such as vesicle/thallus interfaces and wounds. Between September and May, allP. lanosasporelings were lost from ‘exposed’ areas (thallus surface and vesicles). Overall, frequencies of surviving sporelings were much greater onA. nodosumthan onF. vesiculosus.These results are discussed with reference to basiphyte morphology, epiphyte removal mechanisms and the survival stratagy ofP. lanosa.
PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION BY PERIPHYTON IN A WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY1
Authors: Davis Laurie S. , Hoffmann James P. , Cook Philip W. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTFive growth experiments were conducted over a 15‐month period to quantify biomass, seasonal growth rates, and production of a periphyton community in the secondary clarifier of a wastewater treatment plant. A maximum periphyton biomass of 130 g·m−2 (ash‐free dry weight) was achieved during fall. Growth rates of approximately 0.23·d−1 (from chlorophyll a) were observed during spring, summer and fall. Winter values were also high (0.20·d−1). Maximum production was approximately 22 g·m−2·d−1 during spring. Periphyton phosphorus and nitrogen content was variable ranging from 0.4–2.4 and 4.4–15.1%, respectively. Estimated maximum removal rates of both nutrients were high (up to ∼ 160 mg P·m−2·d−1 and ∼ 1900 mg N·m−2·d−1). High productivity and nutrient removal rates in this lotic hypereutrophic ecosystem may warrant further investigation of periphyton as a tertiary biological wastewater treatment in cold climates.
EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE RELIEF ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIPHYTON IN LABORATORY STREAMS, I. HYDROLOGY1
Authors: DeNicola Dean M. , McIntire C. David 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTWe examined the hypothesis that the heterogeneity of epilithic algal assemblages in streams may be partly a result of hydrologic differences created when water flows over a rough substrate. A 32‐day experiment was conducted in laboratory streams that contained either 22.5 × 22.5 × 4 cm or 7.5 × 22.5 × 4 cm tile blocks. Free water velocities in the streams overaged 28 cm·s−1. Hydrologic parameters and algal assemblages associated with surfaces on top of blocks and with recessed surfaces between blocks were compared to corresponding surfaces in streams with of relief. In streams with blocks, shear velocities averaged 1.7 cm·s−1 on the top of blocks and 0.8 cm·s−1 in the recessed areas. Shear velocity at corresponding surfaces in the control (no relief) streams averaged 1.9 cm·s−1 and exhibited little variation. The hydrologic differences created by the larger blocks significantly affected the distribution of algal biomass, with recessed areas having an average of 2.6 g·m−2 AFDW more biomass than surfaces on the top of blocks. Differences in shear velocities and biomass accumulation between top and recessed areas for the smaller blocks were less than for large blocks. Successional changes on all substrates were similar with the exception that recessed surfaces had a significantly greater abundance of the filamentous chlorophyte Stigeoclonium tenue (Ag.) Kütz after day 16. The results suggest that in cobble riffle areas of natural streams, the interaction between current flow and substrate relief has the potential to create patches of algae which are different in biomass and taxonomic composition.
EFFECTS OF SUBSTRATE RELIEF ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF PERIPHYTON IN LABORATORY STREAMS. II. INTERACTIONS WITH IRRADIANCE1
Authors: DeNicola Dean M. , McIntire David 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTLaboratory streams were used in a 42‐day experiment designed to investigate how the spatial and temporal distribution of lotic periphyton created by current flow over cobble‐size substrates is a affected by irradiance. The streams contained 22.5 × 22.5 × 4 cm substrate blocks and were exposed to either 385, 90 or 20 μE·m−2·s−1. We monitored periphyton succession in fast current regimes on top of blocks and in slower current regimes on surfaces recessed between blocks.The absolute differences in AFDW algal biomass between top and recessed substrates were significantly affected by irradiance and time. At the end of the experiment, biomass in streams exposed to 385 μE·m−2·s−1. was approximately 2 and 8 times greater than in streams exposed to 90 and 20 μE·m−2·s−1, respectively. Differences in biomass were greater between irradiance levels than between top and recessed substrates within an irradiance level. Irradiance also had a greater effect than current regime on the taxonomic composition of assemblages.Oscillatoria agardhiiGomont andNavicula minimaGrun. characterized assemblages at 20 μE·m−2·s−1, whereasFragilaria vaucheriae(Kütz.),Nitzschia oregonaSov.,Navicula arvensisHust. andStigeoclonium tenue(Ag.) Kütz. were more abundant at the two higher irradiances. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated that the rate of succession was relatively high for assemblages at high irradiance and in the slow current regimes between blocks. The results suggested that in natural streams, periphyton patches produced by large differences in irradiance should have a greater effect on periphyton heterogeneity than substrate‐induced patches. Moreover, the heterogeneity of algal patches produced by hydrologic differences over a substrate is constrained by irradiance level.
PIGMENT COMPOSITION OF THE SCALY GREEN FLAGELLATE MESOSTIGMA VIRIDE (MICROMONADOPHYCEAE) IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE SIPHONOUS GREEN ALGA BRYOPIS PLUMOSA (ULVOPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Fawley Marvin W. , Lee Connie M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTPigments were isolated from Mesostigma viride Lauterborn by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and compared to standards from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang. and Bryopsis plumose (Huds.) Ag. M. viride possesses chlorophylls a and b, α and β‐carotenes, and the xanthophylls siphonaxanthis, siphonein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin and echinenone. In addition, three unidentified xanthophylla were detected. Neither lutein nor zeaxanthin were detected. The pigment composition of M. viride was similar to that of B. plumosa which had chlorophylls a and b, ɛ‐ and α‐carotenes, siphonaxanthin, siphonein, neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and two of the unidentified xanthophylls found in M. viride. The similarities in the pigments of Mesostigma and Bryopsis and other characters suggest that Mesostigma may be related to a flagellate ancestor of the Ulvophyceae.
HETEROTROPHIC GROWTH OFULVA LACTUCA(CHLOROPHYCEAE)1
Authors: Markager Stiig , Sand‐Jensen Kaj 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe effect of external glucose (51 mM) and acetate (13 mM) on growth and photosynthetic capacity ofUlva lactucaL. was tested in laboratory cultures over 41 days in the dark and in dim light (0.9 μmol photons·m−2·s−1) at 7–8° C. Glucose and acetate had a significant positive effect on growth rate, chlorophyll content, and quantum yield for discs grown in the dark and in dim light. The carbon gain from heterotrophic uptake was low and only allowedU. lactucato maintain a specific uptake was low and only allowedU. lactucato maintain a specific growth rate of 0.005 day−1compared to 0.06–0.1 day−1at higher light intensities. However, plants with added organic substrate maintained a normal chlorophyll content and were able to photosynthesize whereas control plants lost pigmentation and photosynthetic capability after 41 days in both dim light and darkness, probably because of disorganization of the photosynthetic apparatus. This suggest that the ecological significance of heterotrophic uptake is to allowU. lactucato survive during prolonged low light conditions with an intact photosynthetic apparatus.
EXTRACTION, ASSAY AND SOME PROPERTIES OF FLORIDOSIDE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE FROM PORPHYRA PERFORATA (RHODOPHYTA)1
Authors: Meng Jianxin , Srivastava Lalit M. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTA suitable method for extraction of floridoside phosphate synthase (FPS, UDP‐galactose: sn‐3‐glycerol phosphate: 1→2′α‐D‐galactosyl transferase)from Porphyra perforata J. Ag. was developed. Two assay methods for enzyme activity were utilized, one measuring the amount of floridoside formed by using gas‐liquid chromatography, the other measuring the sn‐3‐glycerol phosphate‐dependent formation of UDP; both assays gave similar results. FPS is a soluble protein, and FPS activity in the extract as determined by the amount of product formed in vitro compared well with the in vivo rate of floridoside synthesis (4–7 μMmol product formed·h−1·g−1 fresh wt). The rate of product formation in vitro was linear up to 45 min and proportional to protein concentration in the assay mixture. The temperature optimum was 30–35° C. FPS was active over a range of pH values from 7.0–8.5. It was stable in concentrated solutions in the presence of 0.3 M ammonium sulfate, but activity was lost in diluted solution (protein concentration below 0.2 mg·mL−1) or below 0.2 M ion strength. The data suggest that FPS may be an oligomeric protein which occurs free in the cytoplasm or loosely bound to a membrane. It may also be a regulatory protein controlling the overall rate of synthesis of floridoside in vivo.
SEPERATION OF MALLOMONAS DUERRSCHMIDTIAE SP. NOV. FROM M. CRASSISQUAMA AND M. PSEUDOCORONATA: IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOLIMNOLOGICAL RESEARCH1
Authors: Siver Peter A. , Hamer Josephine S. , Kling Hedy 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTA new species, Mallomonas duerrschmidtiae, with characteristics common to both Mallomonas crassisquama (Asmund) Fott and Mallomonas pseudocoronata Prescott, is described from acidic lakes low in specific conductance and total phosphorus concentration. Characteristics of scales, bristles and spines serve to separate the three taxa. The length and area of scales of M. duerrschmidtiae are significantly larger than those of M. crassisquama but smaller than those of M. pseudocoronata. Although the anterior submarginal ribs of scales of M. duerrschmidtiae may become extended to form short wings, the scales lack the large forward projecting anterior wings characteristic of scales of M. pseudocoronata. Features of the dome and junction between the arms of the V‐rib and anterior submarginal ribs also serve to distinguish between the three species. Cells of M. duerrschmidtiae also possess long, smooth and thick spines on their posterior scales and lack helmet bristles. M. duerrschmidtiae has different maxima along pH, temperature, specific conductance, total phosphorus and seasonal gradients than either M. crassisquama or M. pseudocoronata. Discriminant analysis, based on nine morphological characters, was used to successfully classify body scales of the three species. The importance of M. duerrschmidtiae as a bioindicator in future lake monitoring and paleolimnological inference studies is discussed.
LEPIDODINIUM VIRIDE GEN. ET SP. NOV. (GYMNODINAIALES, DINOPHYTA), A GREEN DINOFLAGELLATE WITH A CHLOROPHYLL A‐ AND B‐CONTAINING ENDOSYMBIONT1,2
Authors: Watanabe Makoto M. , Suda Shoichiro , Inouya Isao , Sawaguchi Tomohiro , Chihara Mitsuo 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTA further description of the green dinoflagellate, strain Y‐100, with a chlorophyll a‐ and b‐containing endosymbiont is given with special emphasis on the morphology of the host cell. The host dinoflagellate cell is unarmored and has a gymnodinoid overall appearance. The theca or amphiesma basically consists of the outer membrane and flattened thecal vesicles in which no thecal plates are developed. Unusual hand basket‐shaped scales cover the entire cell surface together with a layer of mucilaginous material. These findings suggest that the organism is a new member of the Gymnodiniaceae (Gymnodiniales). We propose the name Lepidodinium viride gen. et sp. nov. The ultrasturcture of the host cell is typical of the dinoflagellates; however, the organism has 1) an unusual cytoplasmic projection that may be a homologue of the peduncle, 2) a single membrane‐bounded body containing membranous sheets, closely situated next to the endosymbiont, and 3) an electron opaque network‐forming appendage surrounding the transverse flagellum. Name of these features have been found in other dinoflagellates.
SELECTIVE CONDITIONS AND ISOLATION OF MUTANTS IN SALT‐TOLERANT, LIPID‐PRODUCING MICROALGAE1
Authors: Galloway Ruth E. 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTSuitable conditions for the isolation and selection of generic markers were determined by testing the growth of nine axenic strains of lipid‐producing algae (representatives of Bacillariophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, and Chlorophyceae) under a variety of conditions. Mixotrophic, heterotrophic, or anaerobic growth on twenty different carbon compounds was determined. In addition, ten different carbon compounds was determined. In addition, ten different nitrogen‐containing compounds were supplied as the sole nitrogen source to ascertain which of these could be utilized. Resistances to various antibiotics and herbicides were also assessed.The algae utilized a variety of compounds as their sole nitrogen source, and some species also grew heterotrophically or mixotrophically on a variety of carbon compounds. This suggests that the algae are not only able to transport these compounds into the cell but that the biochemical pathways necessary for their utilization are present and could be targeted for mutagenesis. Anaerobic growth was not possible on any of the photosystem II inhibitors diuron and atrazine and the 70S ribosome inhibitors erythromycin and streptomycin. However, the diatoms were insensitive to spectinomycin and sulfometuron methyl. Information about drug sensitivities permitted the selection of drug resistant mutants. Mutagenized cultures produced colonies when plated on media containing drug concentrations that were growth‐inhibiting for wild‐type cultures. Mutations were recovered in Monoraphidium, Nannochloropsis and Navicula species.
Market Power, Multinationality and Intra‐Eu Industry Exports in the 90s
Authors: Egger Peter 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper assesses the impact of market power and multinationality in EU12 manufacturing industries on EU integration in goods trade in the 90s. An increase in the market concentration exhibits a positive impact on bilateral exports, while an increase in multinationality works in the opposite direction. Both effects are in accordance with the theoretical hypotheses. As a result, goods trade between the member countries waspolarisedin terms of a relative disintegration of southern Europe.
Wage Flexibility and Unemployment: The Keynesian Perspective Revisited
Authors: Amendola Mario , Gaffard Jean‐Luc , Saraceno Francesco 
Published: October 2004

AbstractKeynes' main concern in the General Theory is about the capacity of an economy to return to full employment equilibrium when subject to a (negative) demand shock. He maintains that money wages cuts may not help reabsorb unemployment, as they do not necessarily imply a fall in real wages. On the contrary, wage rigidity may be necessary for avoiding that a cumulative process propels the economy far away the full employment equilibrium. Co‐ordination failures in the investment‐saving market are behind this conclusion. However, the analysis is carried out within a static equilibrium framework. This paper is an attempt to focus on the problems of intertemporal co‐ordination arising within the context of a sequential economy. Our analysis of the out‐of‐equilibrium process of adjustment stirred by a shock allows to generalize the original Keynesian intuition. Unemployment emerges as the result of a lack of co‐ordination due to irreversibly constrained choices, and not only nominal but also real wage flexibility does not necessarily help to restore equilibrium. As a matter of fact, it may even be harmful, by triggering processes that make the economy diverge from equilibrium. Our analysis has important analytical implications as regards the role of market imperfections and the interpretation of the effects of monetary policy.
Pricing Personal Services: An Empirical Study of Earnings in the UK Prostitution Industry
Authors: Moffatt Peter G. , Peters Simon A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe hedonic pricing method is used to investigate the way in which the prices of prostitutes' services are determined. The data used in the analysis are extracted from an internet site, each observation being based on a report submitted by a client. The factors affecting price are identified in a regression framework, and combined with other information to provide estimates of the earnings, both aggregate and individual, for a sub‐sector of this underground service industry in the United Kingdom. Comparison of these earnings' estimates with data on earnings from alternative employment then allows us to estimate the compensating wage differential, and also to verify the theoretical prediction that prostitutes' earnings are positively related to earnings from alternative employment.
Influence of retrograde flushing via the caval vein on the post‐reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation
Authors: Daniela Kniepeiss , Michael Zink , Florian Iberer , Silvia Schaffellner , Estrella Jakoby , Doris Duller , Karl‐Heinz Tscheliessnigg 
Published: October 2004

Abstract:  Introduction:  The reperfusion phase during orthotopic liver transplantation (LTX) is a critical event with sometimes profound hemodynamic and cardiac changes. We present the influence of retrograde reperfusion in LTX on the post‐reperfusion syndrome (PRS).Methods:  Fifty‐six LTXs in 53 patients were performed with the piggy‐back technique with retrograde reperfusion via the caval vein and antegrade reperfusion via the portal vein. The incidence of PRS was evaluated.Results:  We observed a PRS in two patients (3.6%), four patients (7.1%) had a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 20–29%, 18 patients (32.2%) of 10–19%, 27 patients (48.2%) of 1–9% and five patients (8.9%) had a small increase in MAP.Discussion:  Our retrospective study showed that retrograde reperfusion seems to maintain stability during the reperfusion phase. Hemodynamic disturbances during LTX were uncommon, leading us to suppose that the incidence of PRS could be diminished with retrograde reperfusion.