bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrestrial Invertebrates Strike Back: Aerial and Ground‐Based Colonisation of a Dry Riverbed
Authors: Ružanović Lea , Rebrina Fran , Vilenica Marina , Medak Kristian , Entling Martin H. , Brigić Andreja 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Dispersal, either active or passive, plays a key role in community assembly during the colonisation of newly available habitats such as the dry riverbeds of intermittent rivers. These unstable environments are exposed to an ongoing colonisation process, often from adjacent riparian habitats that are local biodiversity hot spots. We aimed to identify the diversity, origin and colonisation pathways of terrestrial invertebrates in the dry bed of an intermittent Mediterranean river.

We sampled aerial and ground‐dwelling invertebrates during the colonisation of dry riverbeds using cross‐vane window traps and pitfall traps. Invertebrate communities were sampled in three habitat types of the intermittent karst Krčić River in Croatia: dry riverbed, riparian and upland habitat. For aerial invertebrates, we differentiated between diurnal and nocturnal colonists and between lateral and longitudinal colonists. All invertebrates were identified to order level, Carabidae, Araneae and Orthoptera to species. Environmental parameters were measured in each habitat.

Colonisation of the dry riverbed was primarily diurnal. Aerial invertebrates colonised both laterally, from the adjacent riparian habitat, and longitudinally, along the riverbed. Invertebrate catch was positively correlated with wind speed and direction, indicating the importance of passive dispersal by aerial plankton. The ground‐dwelling invertebrate community exhibited rapid dry riverbed colonisation, with riparian habitats supporting the highest diversity and unique taxa. Taxonomic metrics showed different patterns for ground‐dwelling invertebrates and each studied taxonomic group.

The observed patterns suggest that ground‐dwelling Araneae and Carabidae colonised dry riverbed mostly through spillover from the riparian habitat. In contrast, Orthoptera probably colonised the dry riverbed from the upland habitat. Concurrent sampling of aerial and ground‐dwelling colonists characterised responses that could not have been detected using a single method.

Our study demonstrates that multiple dispersal modes and source habitats are involved in the colonisation of the dry riverbed. Our results underline the importance to conserve riparian and upland areas along intermittent rivers as source habitats during the dry phase. Given the increase in stream intermittency due to climate change, the conservation and restoration of appropriate river landscapes could become more widely relevant in the future.
Satellite Observations Reveal a Positive Relationship Between Trait‐Based Diversity and Drought Response in Temperate Forests
Authors: Helfenstein Isabelle S. , Sturm Joan T. , Schmid Bernhard , Damm Alexander , Schuman Meredith C. , Morsdorf Felix 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClimate extremes such as droughts are expected to increase in frequency and intensity with global change. Therefore, it is important to map and predict ecosystem responses to such extreme events to maintain ecosystem functions and services. Alongside abiotic factors, biotic factors such as the proportion of needle and broadleaf trees were found to affect forest drought responses, corroborating results from biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments. Yet it remains unclear to what extent the behavior of non‐experimental systems at large scales corresponds to the relationships discovered in BEF experiments. Using remote sensing, the trait‐based functional diversity of forest ecosystems can be directly quantified. We investigated the relationship between remotely sensed functional richness and evenness and forest drought responses using data from temperate mixed forests in Switzerland, which experienced an extremely hot and dry summer in 2018. We used Sentinel‐2 satellite data to assess aspects of functional diversity and quantified drought response in terms of resistance, recovery, and resilience from 2017 to 2020 in a scalable approach. We then analyzed the BEF relationship between functional diversity measures and drought response for different aggregation levels of richness and evenness of three physiological canopy traits (chlorophyll, carotenoid/chlorophyll ratio, and equivalent water thickness). Forest stands with greater trait richness were more resistant and resilient to the drought event, and the relationship of trait evenness with resistance or resilience was hump‐shaped or negative, respectively. These results suggest forest functional diversity can support forests in such drought responses via a mixture of complementarity and dominance effects, the first indicated by positive richness effects and the second by negative evenness effects. Our results link ecosystem functioning and biodiversity at large scales and provide new insights into the BEF relationships in non‐experimental forest ecosystems.
Development of a virtual multidisciplinary meeting framework for less common cancers
Authors: Collins Ian M. , Freeman Jessica , Ludowyk Justin , McDonough Jordyn , Ridgwell James , Buzza Mark , Corcoran Niall , Campbell David , Thomas Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLess common cancers are underserved with expertise compared to other cancers. This is accentuated in regional areas where patients may need to travel for expert opinion. Development of a virtual multidisciplinary meeting (MDM) can help overcome this disadvantage but can be a challenge to establish. We describe the development of a framework for future less common cancer MDMs.
Public trust and bank branching regulation on personal loan grants and default risk: Evidence from regional commercial banks in China
Authors: Fonseka Mohan , Richardson Grant 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe examine the effect of public trust on personal loan grants and the default risk of Chinese regional commercial banks during the bank branch regulation regime changes. Using exogenous shocks of bank branch regulation regimes in quasi‐natural experiments, we find that public trust exhibits a more pronounced increase in personal loan grants for regional banks. Additionally, we report a negative relationship between public trust and default risk. Finally, we observe that city commercial banks that open branches in high public trust provinces during the deregulation period lead to an increase (decrease) in personal loan grants and (default risk).
Economic Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Children Under 5 Years of Age Attending Primary Care in Italy: A Prospective Cohort Study in Two Regions
Authors: Sankatsing Valérie D. V. , van Summeren Jojanneke , Abreha Fasika Molla , Pandolfi Elisabetta , Chironna Maria , Loconsole Daniela , Kramer Rolf , Paget John , Rizzo Caterina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccurate cost estimates of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in primary care are limited, despite the majority of cases being managed in this setting. This study aims to estimate healthcare costs for children with RSV in primary care and the related costs of parental work absence.MethodsChildren < 5 years of age with symptoms of acute respiratory infections were recruited via primary care paediatricians in two Italian regions for a prospective cohort study on the RSV burden in primary care, during the 2019/2020 winter. Healthcare utilization, medication use and parental work absence were assessed during a 14‐day follow‐up period. Average costs were estimated per RSV episode for the overall study population, as well as per age group.ResultsTwo hundred ninety three children were recruited, of which 119 tested RSV positive (41%) and 109 were included. In total, 89% of RSV‐positive children (97/109) had ≥ 1 repeat paediatrician visit(s), and 10% (11/109) visited the ED. The mean number of repeat visits was 3.8 (SD: 4.0) and the mean duration of work absence 4.0 days (SD: 5.0). Average costs per RSV episode were €730 (95% CI: €691–€771), with direct medical costs accounting for 25% (€183 [95% CI: €174–€191]) and indirect costs related to work absence for 75% (€547 [95% CI: €509–€587]).ConclusionsCosts associated with RSV infections in young children in primary care are considerable due to a substantial number of paediatrician visits and high rates of parental work absence. These costs are important to include in decision‐making regarding the implementation of new RSV immunization strategies in national immunization programmes.
Population profile and glycemic control following initiation or switch of injectable therapies in Tianjin, China: A real‐world retrospective cohort study of adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Qiumei , Fan Yaqing , Liu Xixi , Zhang Minlu , Zhang Jiewen , Du Qin , Kang Lei , Chen Liming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo evaluate characteristics and glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes using injectable therapies in real‐world clinical practice in Tianjin, China.Materials and methodsData from inpatients and outpatients receiving injectable therapies between January 2015 and December 2019 were collected from the Tianjin regional electronic medical records and retrospectively analyzed. Seven cohorts were identified, including individuals initiating injectable therapies (premixed insulin [n = 4,687], basal insulin [4,177], or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [541]) or switching injectable therapies (premixed insulin to basal insulin [1,298], basal insulin to premixed insulin [1,457], basal insulin to basal + bolus insulin [1,772], or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists to basal insulin ± glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [82]).ResultsIn participants initiating therapy, glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were highest in the basal insulin cohort, while among participants switching therapy, the highest values were in the basal insulin ± glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists cohort. Initiating therapy with premixed or basal insulin and switching from basal insulin to basal + bolus insulin improved glycemic control over 12 months. A mean delay in initiating therapy of up to 13 months after oral glucose‐lowering drug failure was observed, with 60% having a delay of >6 months. This delay was associated with a lower proportion achieving glycemic control 3 months after initiation.ConclusionsEffectiveness was not observed at all time points in all cohorts, suggesting some treatments were not used in the appropriate population. Delays in initiating injectable therapies were observed and were associated with poor glycemic control.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Low‐Value Care Among Older Adults in a Large Statewide Health System
Authors: Oronce Carlos Irwin A. , Pablo Ray , Shapiro Susi Rodriguez , Willis Phyllis , Ponce Ninez , Mafi John N. , Sarkisian Catherine 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs value‐based payment models incorporate both measures of health equity and low‐value care (LVC), understanding how LVC varies by race is vital for interventions. Therefore, we measured racial differences in LVC in a contemporary sample.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of claims from adults ≥ 55 years receiving care at five academic medical centers in California from 2019 to 2021. Our sample included patients who received a service that could be classified as LVC. The primary outcome was whether a service was classified as LVC. Secondary outcomes included clinical categories of LVC (preventive screening, diagnostic testing, prescription drugs, and preoperative testing). We examined associations between race/ethnicity with outcomes using multivariable regression models adjusted for patient characteristics and medical center.ResultsAmong 15,720 members who received potentially LVC, non‐Hispanic White older adults comprised 59% of the sample, followed by Asian (17%), unknown race (8%), Latino (8%), non‐Hispanic Black (5%), other race (2%). In adjusted models, Asian (−4.9 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI −5.9, −3.8 pp), Black (−5.4 pp; 95% CI −8.0, −2.7 pp), and Latino (−2.5 pp; 95% CI −4.6, −0.4 pp) older adults were less likely to receive LVC compared to White older adults, specifically preventive and preoperative services. Asian, Black, and Latino older adults, however, were more likely to receive low‐value prescriptions.ConclusionsThese diverging racial patterns in LVC across different measures likely reflect differential mechanisms, underscoring the need to use clinically specific measures rather than composite measures, which obscure underlying heterogeneity and could lead to potentially harmful and inequity‐producing interventions.
How Sustainable Are Hospital Menus in the United Kingdom? Identifying Untapped Potential Based on a Novel Scoring System for Plant‐Based Provisions
Authors: Sadler Isabelle , Bauer Alexander , Kassam Shireen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdopting plant‐forward diets is essential for achieving climate targets. As the second‐largest provider of public sector meals in the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) can significantly reduce its environmental impact by transitioning to plant‐forward menus, contributing to its goal of being a net‐zero healthcare service by 2045. This study evaluates the extent to which NHS hospitals currently align with sustainable practices by assessing the plant‐forward nature of in‐patient menus.MethodsGreen Plans from 40 hospital trusts were analysed to assess commitment to plant‐forward, lower‐emission menus. Freedom of Information requests were sent to 50 NHS trusts, and 36 menus from the spring/summer season of 2024 were analysed. A novel scoring system was developed to assess the hospital menus, with subscores reflecting the availability of plant‐based meals, ruminant‐meat meals, and menu strategies to encourage plant‐forward choices.ResultsGreen Plans showed limited commitment to increasing plant‐based food options. Hospital menus scored poorly overall (average score of 20/100, range: 9–38). The lowest subscores were observed in the provision of fully plant‐based meals and nudging techniques. The provision of ruminant meat varied (subscore range: 0–100) and all hospitals included processed meat on their menu. Hospitals with outsourced catering scored higher than those with in‐house catering.ConclusionDespite national recommendations to shift towards plant‐forward diets, NHS hospitals currently show little commitment and provide limited offerings in this regard. The novel scoring system offers a practical framework for monitoring progress and guiding hospitals towards environmentally sustainable, plant‐forward menus.
Nutritional Anemia Reductions Due to Food Fortification Among Women of Childbearing Age: A Literature Review and Bayesian Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dorbu Andrea D. , Waddel Hannah B. , Chadha Manpreet K. , de Romaña Daniel López , Arabi Mandana , Moore Reneé H. , Mehta Christina , Pachón Helena 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFood fortification can deliver essential micronutrients to populations at a large scale, thereby reducing nutritional anemia. This study aimed to review and meta‐analyze the literature on the impact of wheat flour, maize flour, rice, and oil (singly or combined) fortification on women's (10–49 years) hemoglobin and anemia. A search of 17 databases yielded 2284 results. Longitudinal, pre‐post cross‐sectional, efficacy, and effectiveness studies were included. Primary outcomes were changes in hemoglobin concentration and anemia prevalence. Studies were synthesized using arm‐based network meta‐analysis. In women who consumed fortified rice, hemoglobin mean change was 3.24 g/L (95% credibility interval (CrI) 0.9, 5.98), higher than for women in the control, with a 99.1% probability that the true mean difference was > 0. Hemoglobin was 2.08 g/L (95% CrI −0.76, 4.35) higher in women who consumed wheat flour versus control, with a 93.5% probability that the true mean difference was > 0. After rice fortification, anemia prevalence in women was 1.38 percentage points (95% CrI −106.6, 99.2) lower than for control women, with a 51.2% probability that the true mean difference was < 0. Wheat flour fortification decreased anemia prevalence by 1.84 percentage points (95% CrI −93.4, 92.4) with a 52.72% probability that the true mean difference was < 0. The treatment effects of fortified maize flour and fortified oil could not be calculated due to the absence of control arms compared to the intervention arms. Fortified rice and wheat flour appear likely to modestly increase hemoglobin and may also reduce anemia in women of childbearing age.
The Therapeutic and Preventive Effects of Light‐Emitting Diode (LED) for Post‐Inflammatory Erythema and Hyperpigmentation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dan Yanjun , Chen Li , Jin Shanglin , Zhang Jingtao , Zhu Yijian , Ma Wenjuan , Liu Ziqi , Luo Jianfeng , Zhang Chengfeng , Xiang Leihong Flora 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground/PurposePhotobiomodulation (PBM) using light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) benefits tissue regeneration and wound healing. However, evidence regarding the efficacy of LED for post‐inflammatory erythema (PIE) and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of medical LED (830 nm and 590 nm) in the prevention and treatment of PIE and PIH.MethodsThe in vivo PIE/PIH model was simplified to erythema and pigmentation reaction after acute UVB exposure. 308 nm LED light (225 or 270 mJ/cm2) was induced in vivo in the PIE/PIH model on the thigh of ten healthy subjects. Every subject received therapeutic and preventive irradiation (n = 10 in each group). 830 nm (60 J/cm2) and 590 nm LEDs (20 J/cm2) were irradiated, respectively. For therapeutic irradiation, the PIE/PIH model was induced on D1, and LEDs were irradiated on D0, 1, 3, 6 and 8. For preventive irradiation, LEDs were irradiated on D0, 1, 3, 6, and 8 and the PIE/PIH model was induced on D9. Erythema index (EI), melanin index (MI), transdermal water loss (TEWL), and C‐Cube photography were measured during 10‐day follow‐up visits.ResultsFor therapeutic irradiation, ΔEI and ΔMI in the 830 nm treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group (ΔEI: 9.30 vs. 11.52, p = 0.027; ΔMI: 7.79 vs. 9.25, p = 0.026). No significant difference was found between the 590 nm treatment group and the control group in ΔEI or ∆MI (p > 0.05). For preventive irradiation, ΔEI in the 830 nm prevention group and the 590 nm prevention group were both significantly lower than the control group (830 nm: 9.85 vs. 19.90, p = 0.001; 590 nm: 12.50 vs. 19.90, p = 0.008). No significant difference was found between the two prevention LED groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth 830 nm and 590 nm LEDs showed preventive effects for PIE, and 830 nm LEDs could effectively improve PIE and PIH.
Mitigation of salinity stress in salt‐sensitive rice seedlings via phytohormone synthesis, antioxidant defence enhancement, and ion balance regulation induced by 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐producing purple non‐sulfur bacteria
Authors: Sundar L. S. , Wu J.‐Y. , Tu Y.‐K. , Chen H.‐W. , Chao Y.‐Y. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Salt stress, intensified by climate change, is a significant threat to rice production, a vital staple for over half the world's population. This makes addressing salt stress in rice cultivation a pressing issue.
This study investigates the role of PNSB as a biostimulant in enhancing salinity tolerance of salt‐sensitive rice seedlings, addressing existing gaps in knowledge on physiological and biochemical impacts under saline stress. We inoculated salt‐sensitive rice seedlings with PNSB under 80 mmol NaCl stress in a controlled environment. After a 5‐day treatment, we conducted biochemical and physiological analyses.
Salinity stress induced oxidative stress in salt‐sensitive rice seedlings. However, application of 5‐ALA‐producing PNSB mitigated stress, elevated 5‐ALA in shoots by 23%, roots by 190.5%, and chlorophyll content by 105.0%. PNSB treatment also reduced superoxide radicals (O2•−) and H2O2 by 26.7% and 38.7%, respectively, related to increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes, SOD (142.9%) and APX (41.8%). This led to lower electrolyte leakage (25.2%) and MDA (17.4%), indicating reduced ROS. Additionally, proline and soluble sugar content decreased by 29.2% and 72.5%, respectively. PNSB treatment also reduced sodium to potassium ion content in both shoots (31.2%) and roots (27.4%) of salt‐stressed rice seedlings.
These findings suggest that PNSB may facilitate nutrient solubilization and ion balance, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of salinity, with potential implications for sustainable agricultural practices to improve crop yield in saline environments. Future research should focus on elucidating the specific biochemical pathways involved in PNSB‐mediated stress tolerance and exploring their application across diverse crop species and varying stress conditions.
The Appropriation of Native American Culture for Sports Logos, Mascots, and Nicknames
Authors: Williams Dana M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNative American imagery and symbols—as logos, mascots, and nicknames—have been commonplace in American sports since the early‐twentieth century. This review presents scholarship on this practice at the intersection between the sociology of sports, race/ethnicity, higher education, politics, and social movements, as well as other relevant social sciences. Scholarship has emphasized this imagery's social origins, public opinion, social psychology, and socio‐political trends in the conflict over and often elimination of such symbols. As a disproportionately American practice, Indigenous imagery in sports is linked to the history of settler‐colonialism, racialization, and corporate capitalism, and is found throughout all levels of sports (high schools, colleges and universities, and professional). After the US West's frontier closure, and during the height of Jim Crow and racial lynchings, many educational institutions adopted Indigenous imagery—motivated by a masculinity crisis and American myth‐making as a settler‐colonialist society. Sociological scholarship has used many methodological approaches, but has emphasized public opinion of the practice, using surveys to predict support for symbols, comparing racial differences, and criticizing how some surveys purportedly offer “support” to the practice via unreliable, non‐representative survey techniques. Social psychological studies has explored both the motivations for support and the consequences for the practice, giving particular attention to the impact on Indigenous people (especially Indigenous youth's self‐esteem), in contrast to evidence of improved white self‐efficacy. The long‐standing conflicts generated by the practice date back to the 1960s with the National Congress of American Indians and 1970s’ “red power” movements, specifically the American Indian Movement. These conflicts have pitted institutional actors (e.g., school administrators and team owners) and sports fans against movements for Indigenous autonomy and anti‐racism. Conflicts have involved widespread resistance from sports fans and alumni, against various waves of racial justice mobilizations. Decolonization efforts have aimed to achieve Indigenous self‐determination, the right to evade psychological disparagement in the face of both physical and cultural genocide, and to instead be empowered by ownership of their own cultural identity. While most universities and some professional sports teams have ended this practice, many have not—especially at the primary and secondary education levels. Thus, this research continues to occur within an active period of changing practices, and aims to respond to both evolving conditions and new scholarly questions.