bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallothionein-3-mediated intracellular zinc mediates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in the complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain mouse model
Authors: Tran Ngoc Buu , Lee Sook-Jeong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chronic inflammatory pain is often caused by peripheral tissue damage and persistent inflammation. This disease substantially affects patients’ physical and social well-being. We investigated the role of metallothionein-3 (MT3) in modulating complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced intracellular Zn2+ activity in an MT3 knockout mouse model of inflammatory pain in the hind paw. The results demonstrated that increasing intracellular Zn2+ levels ameliorate deficits in motor behavior, as well as inflammation in the paw, spleen, and thymus. Furthermore, intracellular Zn2+ was crucial in regulating oxidative stress markers (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde) and inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6, in MT3 knockout mice induced with CFA. This study highlights the critical role of MT3 in coordinating the intracellular interaction with Zn2+, which is vital for the immune systems’s protective functions. These interactions are fundamental for maintaining metal ion homeostasis and regulating the synthesis of various biomolecules in the body.
High-altitude hypoxia aggravated neurological deficits in mice induced by traumatic brain injury via BACH1 mediating astrocytic ferroptosis
Authors: Zou Peng , Li Tianjing , Cao Zixuan , Yang Erwan , Bao Mingdong , Zhang Haofuzi , Zhang Zhuoyuan , Liu Dan , Zhang Min , Gao Xiangyu , Ge Junmiao , Jiang Xiaofan , Tian Zhicheng , Luo Peng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality, which was classified as low-altitude TBI and high-altitude TBI. A large amount of literature shows that high-altitude TBI is associated with more severe neurological impairments and higher mortality rates compared to low-altitude TBI, due to the special environment of high-altitude hypoxia. However, the role of high-altitude hypoxia in the pathogenesis of TBI remains unclear. In order to deeply investigate this scientific issue, we constructed a high-altitude hypoxic TBI model at different altitudes and used animal behavioral assessments (Modified neurological severity score, rotarod test, elevated plus maze test) as well as histopathological analyses (brain gross specimens, brain water content, Evans blue content, hypoxia inducible factor-1α, Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and ROS detection) to reveal its underlying principles and characteristics. We found that with higher altitude, TBI-induced neurological deficits were more severe and the associated histopathological changes were more significant. Single-nuclear RNA sequencing was subsequently employed to further reveal differential gene expression profiles in high-altitude TBI. We found a significant increase in ferroptosis of astrocytes in cases of high-altitude TBI compared to those at low-altitude TBI. Analyzing transcription factors in depth, we found that Bach1 plays a crucial role in regulating key molecules that induce ferroptosis in astrocytes following high-altitude TBI. Down-regulation of Bach1 can effectively alleviate high-altitude TBI-induced neurological deficits and histopathological changes in mice. In conclusion, high-altitude hypoxia may significantly enhance the ferroptosis of astrocytes and aggravate TBI by up-regulating Bach1 expression. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for further understanding of the mechanism of high-altitude hypoxic TBI and targeted intervention therapy.
Rac1-dependent regulation of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation by developmentally regulated GTP-binding 2
Authors: Kim Jung Ha , Seong Semun , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Park Jeong Woo , Koh Jeong-Tae , Kim Nacksung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple small GTPases play crucial roles in bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and function of bone cells, including osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Here, we investigated whether developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (Drg2), a subfamily of the GTPase superfamily, could affect bone mass by regulating osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation. Downregulation of Drg2 using siRNA in bone marrow-derived macrophages inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function and Rac1 activation in vitro. Comparatively, Drg2 downregulation in calvarial-derived osteoprogenitor cells enhanced osteoblast differentiation and function in vitro. Rac1 activation was also suppressed by Drg2 downregulation in osteoprogenitor cells. Both osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation regulated by Drg2 downregulation were restored by suppressing Rac1 activity. Drg2-deficient mice showed increased bone mass due to a dramatic reduction in osteoclast numbers without significantly affecting the number of osteoblasts. Furthermore, Drg2 downregulation strongly inhibited RANKL-induced bone loss in vivo. In summary, Drg2 contributes to bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts through Rac1 activation. In particular, the effect of Drg2 on osteoclasts is strong enough to regulate bone mass in vivo; therefore, Drg2 has significant potential for use as a therapeutic target in bone loss-related diseases.
Quadrupolar excitons in MoSe2 bilayers
Authors: Jasiński Jakub , Hagel Joakim , Brem Samuel , Wietek Edith , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Chernikov Alexey , Bruyant Nicolas , Dyksik Mateusz , Surrente Alessandro , Baranowski Michał , Maude Duncan K. , Malic Ermin , Plochocka Paulina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The quest for platforms to generate and control exotic excitonic states has greatly benefited from the advent of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers and their heterostructures. Among the unconventional excitonic states, quadrupolar excitons—a superposition of two dipolar excitons with anti-aligned dipole moments—are of great interest for applications in quantum simulations and for the investigation of many-body physics. Here, we unambiguously demonstrate the emergence of quadrupolar excitons in natural MoSe2 homobilayers, whose energy shifts quadratically in electric field. In contrast to trilayer systems, MoSe2 homobilayers have many advantages, which include a larger coupling between dipolar excitons. Our experimental observations are complemented by many-particle theory calculations offering microscopic insights in the formation of quadrupolar excitons. Our results suggest TMD homobilayers as ideal platform for the engineering of excitonic states and their interaction with light and thus candidate for carrying out on-chip quantum simulations.
Pulsed vector atomic magnetometer using an alternating fast-rotating field
Authors: Wang Tao , Lee Wonjae , Limes Mark , Kornack Thomas , Foley Elizabeth , Romalis Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce a vector atomic magnetometer that employs a fast-rotating magnetic field applied to a pulsed 87Rb scalar atomic magnetometer. This approach enables simultaneous measurements of the total magnetic field and its two polar angles relative to the rotation plane. Operating in gradiometer mode, the magnetometer achieves a total field gradient sensitivity of 35

$${{{\rm{fT}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

fT
/

Hz

(0.7 parts per billion) and angular resolutions of 6

$${{{\rm{nrad}}}}/\sqrt{{{{\rm{Hz}}}}}$$

nrad
/

Hz

at a 50 μT Earth field strength. The noise spectra remain flat down to 1 Hz and 0.1 Hz, respectively. Here we show that this method overcomes several metrological challenges commonly faced by vector magnetometers and gradiometers. We propose a unique peak-altering modulation technique to mitigate systematic effects, including a newly identified dynamic heading error. Additionally, we establish the fundamental sensitivity limits of the sensor, demonstrating that its vector sensitivity approaches scalar sensitivity while preserving the inherent accuracy and calibration benefits of scalar sensors. This high-dynamic-range, ultrahigh-resolution magnetometer offers exceptional versatility for diverse applications.
Polygenic height prediction for the Han Chinese in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih-Hao , Chou Che-Yu , Raben Timothy G. , Chen Shih-Ann , Jong Yuh-Jyh , Wu Jeng-Yih , Yang Shun-Fa , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , Chen Yen-Lin , Chen Ming , Ma Gwo-Chin , Huang Chih-Yang , Wang Tso-Fu , Lee Sing-Lian , Hung Chen-Fang , Pang See-Tong , Widen Erik , Chang Yao-Ming , Yeh Erh-Chan , Wei Chun-Yu , Chen Chien-Hsiun , Hsu Stephen D. H. , Kwok Pui-Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human height prediction based on genetic factors alone shows positive correlation, but predictors developed for one population perform less well when applied to population of different ancestries. In this study, we evaluated the utility of incorporating non-genetic factors in height predictors for the Han Chinese population in Taiwan. We analyzed data from 78,719 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants and 40,641 Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) participants using genome-wide association study and multivariable linear regression least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) methods to incorporate genetic and non-genetic factors for height prediction. Our findings establish that combining birth year (as a surrogate for nutritional status), age at measurement (to account for age-associated effects on height), and genetic profile data improves the accuracy of height prediction. This method enhances the correlation between predicted and actual height and significantly reduces the discrepancies between predicted and actual height in both males and females.
The current state, opportunities and challenges for upscaling private investment in biodiversity in Europe
Authors: zu Ermgassen Sophus O.S.E. , Hawkins Isobel , Lundhede Thomas , Liu Qian , Thorsen Bo Jellesmark , Bull Joseph W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
European countries have committed to ambitious upscaling of privately funded nature conservation. We review the status and drivers of biodiversity finance in Europe. By implementing semistructured interviews with 25 biodiversity finance key informants and three focus groups across Europe, we explore opportunities and challenges for upscaling private investment in nature. Opportunities arise from macroeconomic and regulatory changes, along with various technological and financial innovations and growing professional experience. However, persistent barriers to upscaling include the ongoing lack of highly profitable investment opportunities and the multitude of risks facing investors, including political, ecological and reputational risks influencing supply and demand of investment opportunities. Public policy plays the foundational role in creating and hindering these mechanisms. Public policy can create nature markets and investment opportunities, meanwhile agricultural subsidies and poor coordination between public funding sources undermine the supply of return-seeking investment opportunities. Investors demand derisking investments from uncertainties; in part caused by political uncertainty. These markets require profound state intervention to enable upscaling whilst achieving positive ecological outcomes; private investment will probably not upscale without major public policy change and public investment.
SKI complex loss renders 9p21.3-deleted or MSI-H cancers dependent on PELO
Authors: Borck Patricia C. , Boyle Isabella , Jankovic Kristina , Bick Nolan , Foster Kyla , Lau Anthony C. , Parker-Burns Lucy I. , Lubicki Daniel A. , Li Tianxia , Borah Ashir A. , Lofaso Nicholas J. , Das Sharma Sohani , Chan Tessla , Kishen Riya V. , Adeagbo Anisah , Raghavan Srivatsan , Aquilanti Elisa , Prensner John R. , Krill-Burger J. Michael , Golub Todd R. , Campbell Catarina D. , Dempster Joshua M. , Chan Edmond M. , Vazquez Francisca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cancer genome alterations often lead to vulnerabilities that can be used to selectively target cancer cells. Various inhibitors of such synthetic lethal targets have been approved by the FDA or are in clinical trials, highlighting the potential of this approach1–3. Here we analysed large-scale CRISPR knockout screening data from the Cancer Dependency Map and identified a new synthetic lethal target, PELO, for two independent molecular subtypes of cancer: biallelic deletion of chromosomal region 9p21.3 or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). In 9p21.3-deleted cancers, PELO dependency emerges from biallelic deletion of the 9p21.3 gene FOCAD, a stabilizer of the superkiller complex (SKIc). In MSI-H cancers, PELO is required owing to MSI-H-associated mutations in TTC37 (also known as SKIC3), a critical component of the SKIc. We show that both cancer subtypes converge to destabilize the SKIc, which extracts mRNA from stalled ribosomes. In SKIc-deficient cells, PELO depletion induces the unfolded protein response, a stress response to accumulation of misfolded or unfolded nascent polypeptides. Together, our findings indicate PELO as a promising therapeutic target for a large patient population with cancers characterized as MSI-H with deleterious TTC37 mutations or with biallelic 9p21.3 deletions involving FOCAD.
BioVars - A bioclimatic dataset for Europe based on a large regional climate ensemble for periods in 1971–2098
Authors: Reichmuth Anne , Rakovec Oldrich , Boeing Friedrich , Müller Sebastian , Samaniego Luis , Marx Andreas , Komischke Hanna , Schmidt Andreas , Doktor Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ongoing ecological research is concerned with analysing climate-induced changes in species distribution. For this purpose, the projection must have high-quality bioclimatic variables from historical and future climatic periods for the projection. To date, there are many global bioclimatic variables on this topic. Nevertheless, a consistent dataset with identical model variables from historic and projected periods is rare. We present 26 bioclimatic variables that are calculated based on a large ensemble consisting of 70 bias-adjusted GCM-RCM simulations for 1971–2098. Both, the historic and the projection periods were calculated using the same models to ensure consistency between the periods. The variables are validated against E-OBS observations from which we calculated the same bioclimatic variables. For projection periods we chose 20 year ranges between 2021–2098. Here, we offer two versions of them: (1) variables separated into RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5, including percentiles among the realisations and within the RCPs; and (2) variables per realisation separately. We then extracted the temporal 5th, 50th and 95th percentile per period as representing values.
Differential resistance to nematode infection is associated with the genotype- and age-dependent pace of intestinal T cell homing
Authors: Adjah Joshua , Kapse Bhavya , Zhang Hongwei , Hartmann Susanne , Rausch Sebastian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The resistance of inbred mice to nematode infections varies depending on the extent of protective Th2 responses. Here, we compared two mouse lines differing in resistance to infection with the enteric nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri despite the similar instruction of GATA-3+ T effector cells. Resistant BALB/c mice rapidly recruited high numbers of Th2 cells to the gut within the 1-week time frame required for larval development in the intestinal submucosa. C57BL/6 mice failed in the optimal control of early nematode fitness, with mucosal Th2 response peaking after 2 weeks when the larvae had left the tissue and relocated to the gut lumen as adult worms. The faster homing of Th2 cells to the gut of BALB/c mice is related to the extensive expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 in GATA-3+ cells and higher frequencies of aldehyde dehydrogenase expressing dendritic cells present in mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, nematode-infected older BALB/c mice displayed impaired resistance due to delayed mucosal homing of effector cells, which synergized with more numerous Th2/1 hybrid cells acting as IFN-γ-dependent confounders of type 2 responses. Hence, the distinct kinetics of effector cell recruitment to the infected gut and the quality of GATA-3+ T cell responses contribute to the genotype- and age-dependent resistance to intestinal nematode infections.
Bio-inspired 3D printing approach for bonding soft and rigid materials through underextrusion
Authors: Goshtasbi Arman , Grignaffini Luca , Sadeghi Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Vertebrate animals benefit from a combination of rigidity for structural support and softness for adaptation. Similarly, integrating rigidity and softness can enhance the versatility of soft robotics. However, the challenges associated with creating durable bonding interfaces between soft and rigid materials have limited the development of hybrid robots. Existing solutions require specialized machinery, such as polyjet 3D printers, which are not commonly available. In response to these challenges, we have developed a 3D printing technique that can be used with almost all commercially available FDM printers. This technique leverages the common issue of underextrusion to create a strong bond between soft and rigid materials. Underextrusion generates a porous structure, similar to fibrous connective tissues, that provides a robust interface with the rigid part through layer fusion, while the porosity enables interlocking with the soft material. Our experiments demonstrated that this method outperforms conventional adhesives commonly used in soft robotics, achieving nearly 200% of the bonding strength in both lap shear and peeling tests. Additionally, we investigated how different porosity levels affect bonding strength. We tested the technique under pressure scenarios critical to soft and hybrid robots and achieved three times more pressure than the current adhesion solution. Finally, we fabricated various hybrid robots using this technique to demonstrate the wide range of capabilities this approach and hybridity can bring to soft robotics.
Perceived urban environment elements associated with momentary and long-term well-being: An experience sampling method approach
Authors: Chen Yu-Ru , Nakagomi Atsushi , Hanazato Masamichi , Abe Noriyuki , Ide Kazushige , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Well-being (WB) extends beyond physical health, as defined by the World Health Organization and encompasses two aspects: (1) long-term WB (LWB), such as overall life satisfaction; and (2) momentary WB (MWB), such as immediate mood. While research has demonstrated a positive association between one’s environment and LWB, limited studies have explored the association between environmental characteristics and MWB. We applied the experience sampling method (ESM) to collect data on location, perceived environmental characteristics, MWB, and LWB of adult participants living in Kashiwa-no-ha area, Kashiwa City, Japan. Structural equation modeling was used to calculate the correlation coefficients between different environments and both MWB and LWB. LWB was positively associated with MWB (standardized coefficient=0.24) and urban elements—cafés/restaurants/bars (0.11), cultural/sports/education facilities (0.04), and public spaces (0.11). Meanwhile, relaxing/clean (0.56) and natural environments (0.14) were associated with higher MWB. Conversely, vibrant environments (−0.14) and being on the move (−0.11) were linked to lower MWB. LWB was positively associated with being at cultural/sports/educational facilities (0.06), and vibrant (0.15) and communicative (0.13) urban settings. MWB was associated with various built environments, emphasizing the need for places like parks and cafés that promote a positive mood, and well-designed transportation and roads. These elements are important for developing urban areas that meet the physical requirements of residents while supporting their emotional and psychological well-being.
Deep visual proteomics reveals DNA replication stress as a hallmark of signet ring cell carcinoma
Authors: Kabatnik Sonja , Zheng Xiang , Pappas Georgios , Steigerwald Sophia , Padula Matthew P. , Mann Matthias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare and highly malignant form of adenocarcinoma with increasing incidence and poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and limited treatment options. We employed Deep Visual Proteomics (DVP), which combines AI-directed cell segmentation and classification with laser microdissection and ultra-high sensitivity mass spectrometry, for cell-type-specific proteomic analysis of SRCC across the bladder, prostate, seminal vesicle, and a lymph node of a single patient. DVP identified significant alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, particularly within the ATR and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways, indicating replication stress as a crucial factor in SRCC mutagenicity. Additionally, we observed substantial enrichment of immune-related proteins, reflecting high levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration and elevated PD-1 expression. These findings suggest that pembrolizumab immunotherapy may be more effective than conventional chemotherapy for this patient. Our results provide novel insights into the proteomic landscape of SRCC, identify potential targets, and open up for personalized therapeutic strategies in managing SRCC.
A listening advantage for native speech is reflected by attention-related activity in auditory cortex
Authors: Liang Meng , Gerwien Johannes , Gutschalk Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The listening advantage for native speech is well known, but the neural basis of the effect remains unknown. Here we test the hypothesis that attentional enhancement in auditory cortex is stronger for native speech, using magnetoencephalography. Chinese and German speech stimuli were recorded by a bilingual speaker and combined into a two-stream, cocktail-party scene, with consistent and inconsistent language combinations. A group of native speakers of Chinese and a group of native speakers of German performed a detection task in the cued target stream. Results show that attention enhances negative-going activity in the temporal response function deconvoluted from the speech envelope. This activity is stronger when the target stream is in the native compared to the non-native language, and for inconsistent compared to consistent language stimuli. We interpret the findings to show that the stronger activity for native speech could be related to better top-down prediction of the native speech streams.
Unveiling the nature of cathodoluminescence from photon statistics
Authors: Yanagimoto Sotatsu , Yamamoto Naoki , Yuge Tatsuro , Sannomiya Takumi , Akiba Keiichirou 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cathodoluminescence (CL), the emission of light induced by accelerated free electrons, has been extensively utilized in various applications, such as displays, streak cameras, and high-spatial-resolution analysis of optical materials, surpassing the diffraction limit of light. Despite its long history, the photon statistics of CL have only recently been examined, revealing unexpectedly large bunching of photons. Here we find that this peculiar photon bunching contains information of intervening excitation processes before the photon emission, which can be extracted from the photon statistics within each excitation event by a single free electron. Using this approach, we experimentally unveiled the statistical differences of coherent CL involving a single electromagnetic interaction process and incoherent CL involving multiple excitation processes. The developed formulation is universally applicable for particle generation processes in general to investigate the nature of cascade reactions.