bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on a data mining algorithm based on BERTopic for medication rules in Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions
Authors: Li Hongchen , Lu Xinyi , Wu Yujia , Luo Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA data mining algorithm is proposed based on BERTopic to provide new insights into the analysis of medication rules in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) prescriptions.MethodsUsing the BERTopic algorithm, collected TCM prescriptions for corneal diseases are converted to embeddings through a transformer based on the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers pre‐trained model. Then, Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection is applied to perform dimensionality reduction in prescription embeddings. Subsequently, Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise is used for clustering. Finally, class‐based term frequency–inverse document frequency is used to generate several main drug combinations from the clustered results.ResultsThe highest frequency of drugs used included Buddleja officinalis, Bidens pilosa, Angelica sinensis, Eriocaulon buergerianum, and Raw Rehmannia glutinosa. The most frequent drug combinations were “Eriocaulon buergerianum, Raw Rehmannia glutinosa, Prunella vulgaris, Notopterygium incisum” “Lycii Fructus, Bidens pilosa, Buddleja officinalis” and “Kochiae Fructus, Cortex Dictamni.”ConclusionsThe proposed data mining algorithm based on BERTopic demonstrated promising outcomes in the analysis of TCM prescription medication rules. This method exhibited simplicity and efficiency, thereby offering a novel avenue for analysis.
Novel IARS1 variants cause syndromic developmental disorder with epilepsy in a Chinese patient and the literature review
Authors: Jiang Jinsong , Feng Yu , Tang Qiaoyin , Zhao Chenyue , Guo Min , Wu Jianrui , Guo Rong , Lu Hongyong , Sun Xiayu , Gao Jingbo , Xue Huiqin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIsoleucinyl‐tRNA synthetase (IARS) is encoded by the IARS1 gene and catalyzes the binding of isoleucine to specific tRNA.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the pathogenicity of novel IARS1 variants and the genotype–phenotype association, in order to expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants and phenotypes of IARS1‐related disease and provide new evidence for the phenotypic spectrum of IARS1 variants.MethodsClinical data of the proband were collected, and trio whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the proband and the parents. Candidate variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatics software was utilized to analyze the functional consequences of identified variants and predict their potential deleteriousness.ResultsA 17‐month‐old female patient presented with microcephaly, left external ear malformation, decreased muscle strength and tone in all limbs, epileptic seizures, global developmental delay, and developmental regression. Trio WES identified compound heterozygous variants in the IARS1 gene, c.120‐1G>A and c.2164C>A, which were novel pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants, respectively. The phenotype of developmental regression has not been reported before. Only one patient with IARS1 compound heterozygous variants has been reported in the world to have an epileptic phenotype, and this is the second patient with an epileptic phenotype. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the splicing variant disrupted the canonical splice donor site, while the missense variant altered the local electrostatics of the IARS1 protein surface, potentially leading to functional abnormalities.ConclusionThis study identified novel IARS1 variants and the phenotype of developmental regression, expanding the spectrum of pathogenic variants and phenotypes of IARS1‐related diseases and providing new evidence for the rare phenotype of epileptic seizures caused by IARS1 variants.
pH Sensitive Quercetin Nanoparticles Ameliorate DSS‐Induced Colitis in Mice by Colon‐Specific Delivery
Authors: Wang Lechen , Fu Rongrong , Meng Ying , Liang Jingjie , Xue Wenqing , Hu Haitao , Meng Jing , Zhang Min 
Published: November 2023

ScopeUlcerative colitis (UC) is a classic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that represents a serious threat to human health. As a natural flavonoid with multiple biological activities, quercetin (QCT) suffers from low bioavailability through limitations in chemical stability. Here, the study investigates the regulatory effects of quercetin nanoparticles (QCT NPs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis mice.Methods and resultsChitosan is modified to obtain N‐succinyl chitosan (NSC) with superior water solubility. Nanoparticles composed of sodium alginate (SA) and NSC can encapsulate QCT after cross‐linking, forming QCT NPs. In vitro drug release assays demonstrate the pH sensitivity of QCT NPs. Compared with free quercetin, QCT NPs have better therapeutic efficacy in modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) to relieve DSS‐induced colitis in mice, thereby alleviating colon inflammatory infiltration, increasing goblet cells density and mucus protein, ameliorating TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐10, and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and recovering intestinal barrier integrity.ConclusionpH sensitive QCT nanoparticles can reduce inflammatory reaction, improve gut microbiota, and repair intestinal barrier by targeting colon, thus improving DSS induced colitis in mice, providing reference for the treatment of colitis.
Radiation damping at clinical field strength: Characterization and compensation in quantitative measurements
Authors: Wallstein Niklas , Müller Roland , Pampel André , Möller Harald E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeIn any MR experiment, the bulk magnetization acts on itself, caused by the induced current in the RF receiver circuit that generates an oscillating damping field. This effect, known as “radiation damping” (RD), is usually weak and, therefore, unconsidered in MRI, but can affect quantitative studies performed with dedicated coils that provide a high SNR. The current work examined RD in a setup for investigations of small tissue specimens including a quantitative characterization of the spin‐coil system.Theory and MethodsA custom‐made Helmholtz coil (radius and spacing 16 mm) was interfaced to a transmit‐receive (Tx/Rx) switch with integrated passive feedback for modulation or suppression of RD similar to preamplifier decoupling. Pulse sequences included pulse‐width arrays to demonstrate the absence/ presence of RD and difference techniques employing gradient pulses or composite RF pulses to quantify RD effects during free precession and transmission, respectively. Experiments were performed at 3T in small samples of MnCl2 solution.ResultsSignificant RD effects may impact RF pulse application and evolution periods. Effective damping time constants were comparable to typical T2* times or echo spacings in multi‐echo sequences. Measurements of the phase relation showed that deviations from the commonly assumed 90° angle between the damping field and the transverse magnetization may occur.ConclusionRadiation damping may affect the accuracy of quantitative MR measurements performed with dedicated RF coils. Efficient mitigation can be achieved hardware‐based or by appropriate consideration in the pulse sequence.
How older men live with stress urinary incontinence: Patient experience and navigation to treatment
Authors: Shaw Nathan M. , Breyer Benjamin N. , Walter Louise C. , Sudore Rebecca L. , Suskind Anne M. , Baussan Caitlin , Quanstrom Kathryn , Allen Isabel E. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Dohan Dan , Hampson Lindsay A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the context in which older men navigate treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) following prostate surgery by characterizing lived experience of men with symptomatic SUI.Subjects/Patients and MethodsMixed method study using surveys and semistructured interviews to examine a cohort of men who underwent evaluation for treatment of postprostatectomy SUI.ResultsThirty‐six men were interviewed after consultation for SUI and 31 had complete quantitative clinical data. Twenty‐six underwent surgery and 10 chose no surgical intervention. In qualitative interviews, respondents experienced substantial decline in quality of life due to incontinence citing concerns associated with use of pads and worrying about incontinence. Most patients reported “workarounds”—efforts to mitigate or manage incontinence including Kegels, physical therapy, and garments. Participants also reported lifestyle changes including less strenuous physical activity, less sexual activity, and/or fewer social gatherings. Patients then described a “breaking point” where incontinence workarounds were no longer sufficient. After seeking evaluation, men described challenges in exploring treatment for SUI, including access to care and provider knowledge of treatment options.ConclusionIn a novel study of patients living with SUI a predictable lived experience was observed that culminated in a desire for change or “breaking point.” In all men, this led to treatment‐seeking behaviors and for many it led to SUI intervention. Despite effective treatments, patients continue to meet barriers gaining access to SUI evaluation and treatment.
Topology reconstruction using time series data in telecommunication networks
Authors: Pisinger David , Sørensen Siv 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider Hybrid fiber‐coaxial (HFC) networks in which data is transmitted from a root node to a set of customers using a series of splitters and coaxial cable lines that make up a tree. The physical locations of the components in a HFC network are always known but frequently the cabling is not. This makes cable faults difficult to locate and resolve. In this study we consider time series data received by customer modems to reconstruct the topology of HFC networks. We assume that the data can be translated into a series of events, and that two customers sharing many connections in the network will observe many similar events. This approach allows us to use maximum parsimony to minimize the total number of character‐state changes in a tree based on observations in the leaf nodes. Furthermore, we assume that nodes located physically close to each other have a larger probability of being closely connected. Hence, our objective is a weighted sum of data distance and physical distance. A variable‐neighborhood search heuristic is presented for minimizing the combined distance. Furthermore, three greedy heuristics are proposed for finding an initial solution. Computational results are reported for both real‐life and synthetic network topologies using simulated customer data with various degrees of random background noise. We are able to reconstruct large topologies with a very high precision.
Exposure–safety relationship for patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis treated with emapalumab
Authors: Jordan Michael B. , Locatelli Franco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrimary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is an immune‐mediated, hyperinflammatory disorder. Interferon‐γ (IFNγ) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of pHLH. Emapalumab, a fully human, anti‐IFNγ monoclonal antibody neutralizes both free and receptor‐bound IFNγ. However, inhibiting IFNγ‐mediated signaling could result in immune dysfunction and immunosuppression. This exploratory exposure–safety analysis investigated the relationship between emapalumab and the incidence of adverse events in patients with pHLH. Increased exposure to emapalumab was not associated with an increased predicted risk of severe adverse events, infection, or infusion‐related reactions. Emapalumab was associated with a favorable and manageable safety profile across all assessed doses and treatment durations.
Polydopamine in‐situ polymerized on graphene oxide for nitrile butadiene rubber with high strength, elasticity and aging resistance
Authors: Wan Songhan , Du Pan , Guo Zhenyin , You Longxiang , Mao Yaowen , He Xianru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe elasticity and aging resistance of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) will be reduced by reinforced filler. Herein, we report that polydopamine (PDA) polymerized in situ on graphene oxide (GO) to obtain polydopamine‐graphene oxide (PDA‐GO) nanofiller for simultaneously improving strength, elasticity and thermal oxidative aging‐resistant performance of NBR. The structure, composition and morphology of PDA‐GO and NBR composites were characterized. The effect of PDA‐GO on the performance of NBR was investigated. Results show that PDA microspheres improved the dispersion of GO in matrix. With incorporation 3 phr of PDA‐GO, the tensile strength of NBR raised from 3.8 to 9.2 MPa. It is satisfactory that the elasticity is also improved significantly. PDA‐GO/NBR composite equips better thermal oxidative stability and aging resistance. The tensile strength of 3 phr‐PDA‐GO/NBR after aging is even 3.4 MPa higher than that of unfilled NBR before aging. Our work proposes an insight for the manufacture of rubber composites with high strength, elasticity and aging resistance.Highlights
GO modified by PDA is prepared via an in‐situ polymerization process.
In situ polymerized PDA microspheres greatly promotes the dispersion of GO in NBR matrix.
NBR filled with PDA‐GO shows a superior strength and elasticity simultaneously.
PDA‐GO endows NBR with prominent performance in aging resistance.
Piezoelectric, mechanical, and crystallographic properties of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene based composites reinforced by different dimensional carbon nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Haisen , Xu Tao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolymer based piezoelectric materials are increasingly used because of their lightweight and flexibility. To understand the effects of different dimensional carbon nanomaterials on the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) based composites, carbon black (CB), carbon nanotube (CNT), and few‐layer graphene (FLG) were used to reinforce PVDF‐HFP for preparing different composites, respectively. Their piezoelectric, mechanical, and crystallographic properties were tested. The results show that CB/PVDF‐HFP composite film has the best piezoelectric property, successively followed by FLG/PVDF‐HFP and CNT/PVDF‐HFP at 0.5%, 0.05%, and 0.1% contents of CB, FLG, and CNT, respectively. In the initial crystallization stage, CB better plays the best role of crystallization core, increasing the electroactive crystalline phase content and crystallization rate. The appropriate contents of CNT and FLG promote the formation of β crystalline phase. In the polarization stage, CB forms a uniform nonconductive network in the composite film and shows the best polarization effect. CNT tends to form connections and has the worst polarization effect. FLG forms a “microcapacitor” structure to enhance the local polarization effect. The effects of CB, CNT, and FLG on crystalline phase changes and piezoelectric property enhancements of PVDF‐HFP based composites are mainly due to their differences in size, morphology, and quantity.Highlights
Effects of CB, CNT, and FLG on the piezoelectricity of PVDF‐HFP are investigated;
CB more obviously increases the piezoelectricity of PVDF‐HFP than CNT and FLG;
α, β, and γ crystalline phase changes in PVDF‐HFP based composites are understood;
CB forms smaller and more uniform crystal cores in PVDF‐HFP than CNT and FLG;
CB markedly increases the contents of electroactive crystalline phases in PVDF‐HFP.
A review on versatile applications of polyvinyl alcohol thin films, specifically as sensor devices
Authors: Shekaryar Hasti , Norouzbahari Somayeh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin films (PVATFs) have recently exhibited different applications in various fields, such as biomedical, optical, and energy storage. One of their outstanding applications has been known as sensor devices for various physical parameters, such as pH, pressure, gas, chemicals, strain, and humidity measurements. In this paper, after a brief review of the PVATFs biomedical, optical, and energy applications, their role as sensors is discussed in more detail. Afterward, the main preparation methods of the PVATFs sensors, for example, spin and dip coating, chemical bath deposition, and electrodeposition are surveyed. Eventually, the characterization methods of the fabricated PVATF sensors, along with their optimization techniques have been presented.Highlights
Various applications of polyvinyl alcohol thin films (PVATFs) are presented.
One of their main applications as sensor devices is discussed in more detail.
PVATF sensors fabrication, characterization, and optimization are surveyed.
Fordern galaktische Zwerge die Kosmologie heraus?
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Milchstraße, wie auch die Andromeda‐ und Centaurus‐A‐Galaxien, ist von Satellitengalaxien umgeben. Die Verteilung und Bewegung dieser kleineren Galaxien ist überraschend abgeflacht und kohärent und erinnert an rotierende Satellitenebenen. Im kosmologischen Standardmodell, das auf der Existenz Dunkler Materie basiert, sollten Satellitengalaxiensysteme deutlich zufälliger arrangiert sein. Strukturen ähnlich den beobachteten Satellitenebenen sind in kosmologischen Simulationen sehr selten, weshalb sich aus diesen Beobachtungen das Satellitengalaxien‐Ebenen‐Problem des kosmologischen Modells ergibt.
Advancing breeding for climate‐resilient yam production in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kouakou Amani Michel , Chair Hana , Dibi Konan Evrard Brice , Dossa Komivi , Arnau Gemma , Ehounou Adou Emmanuel , Cornet Denis 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact StatementYam plays an important role in ensuring food security in Côte d'Ivoire, serving as a staple crop for 60% of the population and a significant source of income. It holds deep cultural significance for the Akan and Gour ethnic groups. Preserving yam production is essential for both food security and the preservation of cultural heritage. However, productivity is decreasing while demand is expected to double in the next 30 years. Soil degradation and climate change are major threats to yam production. This article contextualizes the main factors threatening yam production (i.e., soil degradation and climate change) and discusses the consequences and ways to mitigate them.SummaryThe anticipated twofold increase in Côte d'Ivoire's population within the next three decades poses a significant challenge for agricultural research to sustain food security. Despite being an under‐researched and often neglected crop, yam remains the primary staple food and a crucial source of income in the country. With an annual estimated market value of over 2000 billion CFA francs, yam ranks among the top five most economically valuable crops in Côte d'Ivoire. For the past 15 years, yam production has experienced a decline in productivity, which has been compensated for by expanding the cropped area. Unfortunately, this approach exacerbates the risk of deforestation and soil degradation. Additionally, the impact of climate change on yam production, coupled with a lack of financial resources to address it, has rendered this unsustainable mode of production even more precarious. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the effects of climate change on yam production in Côte d'Ivoire. We investigated the reasons for the productivity decline and described the risks on food security. Furthermore, we explained how varietal innovation of Dioscorea alata could play a critical role in mitigating these effects and outlined related research avenues that need to be explored. To help policymakers and research programme directors justify the importance of this agenda, this article presents the main arguments in favour of a substantial investment in adapting yam production to the global changes affecting Côte d'Ivoire.
Yield and cost–benefit analyses for apple scab sanitation practices in integrated and organic apple management systems
Authors: Antal Gabriella , Szabó Szilárd , Szarvas Péter , Holb Imre J. 
Published: November 2023

Societal Impact statementReduced fungicide use lowers environmental pollution and enables safer food production. The usage of fungicides in apple orchards can be reduced through the application of sanitation practices which decrease the inoculum sources of apple scab disease on fallen leaves. This study found two non‐chemical sanitation practices, namely the collection of fallen leaves (CFL) and CFL combined with straw mulch in tree rows, were beneficial. These two practices are not only biologically and environmentally valuable, as they reduce disease levels and can replace chemical fungicides, but they are also economically efficient options for integrated and organic orchards compared to non‐sanitized ones.Summary

Severe fungicide use can be reduced by applications of sanitation practices in order to reduce scab incidence, yield and fruit quality losses in apple orchards. In a 5‐year study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sanitation practices on biological and cost–benefit parameters in two sustainable apple management systems, and to find significant correlations among the parameters.
We investigated the effect of five sanitation treatments (lime sulphur, leaf collection, mulching, lime sulphur + leaf collection, leaf collection + mulching) on four biological (scab incidence, fruit parameters: total yield, yield class I and II) and seven cost–benefit (three cost types, three annual revenue types, income surplus/deficit) parameters in integrated and organic apple orchards. Correlation, linear regression and principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to find correlations among biological and cost–benefit parameters.
Results showed that fruit scab incidence was 3.4–8.1 times higher, while total yield was 1.4–1.8 times lower in the organic management system than in the integrated one. The treatment of leaf collection and/or leaf collection + mulching showed higher total cost (180.3 and 675.2 EUR ha−1) but lower scab incidence (5.3 and 27.3%; 4.8 and 26.7%, integrated and organic, respectively) and higher yield with greater total revenues (10,235 and 10,329 EUR ha−1; 8,136 and 8,230 EUR ha−1, integrated and organic, respectively) and income surpluses (851 and 451 EUR ha−1; 897 and 496 EUR ha−1, integrated and organic, respectively) compared to non‐sanitized control treatments in most cases. Other sanitation treatments provided fewer biological and/or no financial benefits. Results from correlation and linear regression analyses indicated strong relationships among the factors of total yield vs surplus, class I vs surplus, and fruit scab vs class II) in both management systems. Further relationships were detected among almost all parameters in the PCA.
Overall, our study demonstrated that two non‐chemical sanitation treatments could not only reduce scab incidence and increase fruit yield, but could show positive cost–benefit outcomes in both management systems.