bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interferon‐γ acutely induces calcium influx in human microglia
Authors: Franciosi Sonia , Choi Hyun B. , Kim Seung U. , McLarnon James G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe acute actions of the cytokine, interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), on intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i levels in human microglia were investigated. In the presence of a calcium‐containing physiological solution (Ca2+‐PSS), IFN‐γ caused a progressive increase in [Ca2+]i to a plateau level with a mean rate of increase of 0.81 ± 0.17 nM/s and mean amplitude of 102 ± 12 nM (n = 67 cells). Washout of the cytokine did not alter the plateau established with IFN‐γ in Ca2+‐PSS; however, introduction of a Ca2+‐free PSS diminished [Ca2+]i to baseline levels. The decrease in [Ca2+]i with Ca2+‐free PSS would indicate that the response to IFN‐γ was mediated by an influx pathway. This result was confirmed in separate experiments showing the lack of an induced change in [Ca2+]i with IFN‐γ applied in Ca2+‐free PSS. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced in Ca2+‐PSS was reduced to near baseline levels when the external solution contained low Cl− in the maintained presence of IFN‐γ suggesting that cellular depolarization inhibited the cytokine mediated entry pathway. The compound SKF96365, which blocks store operated influx of Ca2+ in human microglia, was ineffective in altering the increase in [Ca2+]i, however, La3+ completely inhibited the Ca2+ response induced by IFN‐γ. Whole‐cell patch clamp studies showed no effect of IFN‐γ to alter outward currents and inward rectifier K+ currents. The influx of Ca2+ may serve a signaling role in microglia linking IFN‐γ to functional responses of the cells to infiltrating T lymphocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) during inflammatory processes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic changes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lumbar disc herniation or spinal stenosis
Authors: Gårseth Mari , Sonnewald Ursula , White Linda R. , Rød Marianne , Nygaard Øystein , Zwart John‐Anker 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMetabolite levels in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with lower back pain and/or sciatica caused by disc herniation or spinal stenosis were compared with levels in pain‐free controls using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Significant differences for several metabolites were found in patients with pain compared with controls. Most changes were found in the group with disc herniation, including reductions in glucose, alanine, and lactate, suggesting increased aerobic metabolism in this group. There was a significant reduction in the level of glucose in the group with spinal stenosis irrespective of whether the patients were compared with the whole control group (age‐weighted) or with age‐matched controls. Additionally, inositol and creatinine were reduced in patients with disc herniation. Inositol was also significantly reduced in the spinal stenosis group when age matched to controls. Insofar as the levels of pain recorded by the patients with lumbar pathology were similar in the two groups, it seems more likely that the reductions in metabolite levels recorded in the group with disc herniations are related to disc pathology rather than the perception of pain. However, the possibility that pain perception contributes to the metabolic changes cannot be excluded. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene transfer of glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor and cardiotrophin‐1 protects PC12 cells from injury: Involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase pathways
Authors: Toth Gabor , Yang Huibin , Anguelov Roumen A. , Vettraino Jason , Wang Yuying , Acsadi Gyula 
Published: September 2002

AbstractGene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases may utilize the expression of neurotrophic factors because of their potential to promote survival and regeneration of injured neuronal cells. Increasing numbers of these factors are being considered for gene transfer, but their specificity and efficacy in neuroprotection are greatly variable. The major aims of this study were to carry out gene transfer of various neurotrophic factors and investigate their mechanisms of action as well as their protective effects on the viability of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. We used glutamate, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐DL‐penicillamine (SNAP), and staurosporine to induce excitatory damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, respectively, because these mechanisms are thought to participate in various disease processes leading to degeneration of cells. We utilized adenovirus vectors for efficient gene transfer of trophic factors (glial‐cell derived neurotrophic factor [GDNF] and cardiotrophin‐1 [CT‐1]) or calbindin‐D28k. We found that GDNF and CT‐1 gene transfers were equally effective in saving PC12 cells from injury, but calbindin expression did not show any beneficial effects. GDNF gene transfer was much more efficient in protecting PC12 cells from damage than direct GDNF administration. The protection by GDNF expression against staurosporine was mediated through both phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MAPK kinase; MEK) pathways, but only the MEK pathway was involved in the protection against SNAP. In contrast, the protective effect of GDNF against glutamate toxicity was independent of these RET‐dependent signal transduction pathways. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is abdominoperineal resection a good option for stage IV adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum?
Authors: Chu Quyen D. , Davidson Robert S. , Rodriguez‐Bigas Miguel A. , Wirtzfeld Debrah A. , Petrelli Nicholas J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe management of the primary lesion in patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the distal rectum is controversial. An abdominoperineal resection (APR) may be a good option.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the medical records of 21 patients with stage IV distal rectal adenocarcinoma treated with an APR between January 1991 to December 2000 was performed.ResultsAll patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1 and normal preoperative alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels. Twelve patients (92%) with liver metastases had less than 25% of total liver volume involvement. Twenty patients (95%) had complete resolution of their symptoms related to the primary rectal cancer. The median follow‐up was 19 months (range 3–92 months), with a median survival of 21.6 months and a 2‐year overall survival of 34%.ConclusionsPatients with stage IV distal rectal adenocarcinoma who have a good performance status, normal preoperative liver function tests, and minimal metastatic disease to the liver can be offered resective surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:3–7. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative morbidity, mortality, and survival in lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Kawasaki Hidenori , Nagai Kanji , Yoshida Junji , Nishimura Mitsuyo , Nishiwaki Yutaka 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackgroundAlthough postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in patients with lung cancer have decreased with advances in perioperative management, those patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain at a high risk of complication and death. The frequency of postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in patients with lung cancer who have IPF have seldom been reported, however.MethodsA retrospective study of 711 patients with lung cancer who had undergone surgical resection was conducted. Medical records were retrospectively compared for factors that might affect postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with and without IPF.ResultsOf the 711 patients with lung cancer, 53 (7.5%) had IPF. The patients with IPF had pulmonary morbidity and mortality more frequently than those without IPF (26% versus 9.1%, P < 0.01; 8% versus 0.8%; P < 0.01). The 5‐year survival was 43% among patients with IPF and 64.2% among those without IPF. Overall survival in patients with IPF was significantly lower than in those without IPF (P < 0.01), but disease‐free survival was similar in the groups. Thirty‐five percent of the deaths (8 of 23) were not related to lung cancer in those patients with IPF, compared with 18% (35 of 199) of the deaths among those without IPF (P = 0.048).ConclusionPatients with IPF showed markedly higher postoperative pulmonary morbidity and mortality than those without IPF. The survival rate of patients with IPF was lower because of pulmonary complications. Careful preoperative evaluation and perioperative management are required to achieve optimal surgical outcome in patients with lung cancer who have IPF. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:33–37. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biologic and imaging diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Natsugoe Shoji , Nakashima Saburo , Matsumoto Masataka , Sakita Hironori , Sakamoto Fuminori , Okumura Hiroshi , Baba Masamichi , Yoshinaka Heiji , Takao Sonshin , Aikou Takashi 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFew reports have described the combined use of biologic and imaging techniques in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. We prospectively evaluated lymph node metastasis diagnosed by biologic and imaging means in patients with esophageal carcinoma.MethodsPreoperative ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination were performed in 80 patients. Biopsy specimens were immunohistochemically examined using cyclin D1 (CD1) and desmoglein 1 (DG1) antibodies, and tumors were classified into three grades.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of ultrasound examination were 88.2, 58.6, and 77.5%, respectively. The incidence of nodal involvement was 0% (0/10) in patients with grade 1 tumors, 57.1% (16/28) in those with grade 2 tumors, and 83.3% (35/42) in those with grade 3 tumors. Of the 57 patients with lymph node metastasis determined sonographically, 50 had grade 2 or 3 tumors that were histologically confirmed. The remaining seven patients with grade 1 tumors did not have involved nodes. Of the 23 patients without lymph node metastasis according to ultrasound examination, the incidence of lymph node metastasis in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 tumors was 0, 16.7, and 50.0%, respectively.ConclusionsWhen used together, imaging and molecular procedures may offer improved identification of lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:25–32. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvent and structural effects on the oxidation of 2,6‐diphenyl‐piperidin‐4‐ones by quinolinium chlorochromate
Authors: Saravana Kanna S. , Elango K. P. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of 3‐R‐2,6‐diphenyl‐piperidin‐4‐ones (where R = H, Me, Et, and i‐Pr) by quinolinium chlorochromate has been studied under pseudo‐first‐order conditions in different pure (protic and aprotic) solvents. The rate data is correlated with different solvent parameters using linear multiple regression analysis. From the regression coefficients, information on the solvent–reactant and the solvent–transition state interactions is obtained and the solvation models are proposed. Reasons for the difference in reactivity with structure are also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 585–588, 2002
Oxidation of indole‐3‐acetic acid by peroxomonosulphate: A kinetic and mechanistic study
Authors: Chandramohan G. , Kalyanasundharam S. , Renganathan R. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractKinetics of oxidation of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) by peroxomonosulphate (PMS) in aqueous acetonitrile medium has been investigated. The reaction follows a total second order, first order each with respect to [IAA] and [PMS]. The rate of the reaction was not affected by added [H+]. Variation of ionic strength (μ) had no influence on the rate. Increase of percentage of acetonitrile decreased the rate. Absence of any polymerization indicated a nonradical pathway. Activation and thermodynamic parameters have been computed. A suitable kinetic scheme based on these observations is proposed. The reactivity of PMS towards IAA was found to be higher than that with peroxodisulphate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 569–574, 2002
Kinetics of base hydrolysis of novel low spin Fe(II) amino acid Schiff base chelates—hydrophobic structural effects
Authors: Shaker Ali M. , Nassr Lobna A. E. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe reactivity against OH− ion of some novel Fe(II) complexes of Schiff base ligands derived from salicylaldehyde or o‐hydroxynaphth‐aldehyde and some variety of amino acids has been examined in aqueous and aqua‐ethanol mixtures. The rate law and relevant mechanism were assumed. Base hydrolysis kinetics measurements revealed pseudo‐first‐order doubly stage rates because of the presence of mer‐ and fac‐isomers. The evaluated rate constants and activation parameters are consistent with the stability constants of the investigated complexes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 595–602, 2002
Involvement of both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase pathways in the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate–induced upregulation of p21Cip1 in colon cancer cells
Authors: Lin Shyr‐Yi , Liang Yu‐Chih , Ho Yuan‐Soon , Tsai Shu‐Huei , Pan Shiann , Lee Wen‐Sen 
Published: September 2002

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine‐threonine kinases, has been implicated in the regulation of colon tumorigenesis. However, the specific isoform of PKC involved in this process is not clear. In the present study, we found that treatment of the cultured human colon cancer cell line COLO‐205 with a PKC agonist, 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA), resulted in cell‐cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, decrease in cell number, PKCγ isoform translocation, and upregulation of p21Cip1 protein. Pretreatment of the cells with a PKC inhibitor, staurosporine, prevented the TPA‐induced upregulation of p21Cip1 protein. Based on the findings of the present study including that (a) both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) were activated in the TPA‐treated COLO‐205 cells, (b) pretreatment with the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD98059 but not with the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 blocked the TPA‐induced p21Cip1 in COLO‐205 cells, and (c) transient transfection of the COLO‐205 cells with dominant negative ERK or JNK plasmid significantly suppressed the TPA‐induced p21Cip1 protein induction, we conclude that both the ERK and JNK pathways are involved in the TPA‐induced upregulation of p21Cip1 protein in the COLO‐205 cells. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible expression of the gap junction protein connexin43 decreases the neoplastic potential of HT‐1080 human fibrosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: King Timothy J. , Fukushima Laurie H. , Yasui Yutaka , Lampe Paul D. , Bertram John S. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between dysregulation/loss of connexin expression or gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) function and decreased growth control both in human tumors and tumor cell lines. Likewise, restoration of constitutive connexin expression/function is correlated with increased growth control/decreased tumorigenicity. Here, we show for the first time that inducible restoration of connexin43 (Cx43) expression and GJIC function in a human tumor line of mesenchymal origin (HT‐1080, fibrosarcoma) resulted in a lowered neoplastic potential. Specifically, HT‐1080 cells induced to express Cx43 demonstrated diminished foci formation when in co‐culture with normal fibroblasts, decreased colony formation under anchorage‐independent conditions, and reduced tumor growth when injected into immunodeficient mice. These results, obtained utilizing an inducible system that helps address issues of clonal heterogeneity, strongly implicate Cx43 as a tumor suppressor in human tissue of mesenchymal origin and GJIC as a regulatory mechanism for cellular growth control both in vitro and in vivo. This study also further supports the hypothesis that loss of Cx43/GJIC in human tumors may play an important role in the dysregulation of normal growth control. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economics and operations management: towards a theory of endogenous production speed
Authors: Powell Philip T. , Schmenner Roger W. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA firm chooses the production speed and amount of labor that maximizes profit in a perfectly competitive market. Faster production raises management expenses and the unit cost of production mistakes. Adding workers enhances the division of labor on the production line and raises work‐in‐process inventory. When the division of labor is high, a rise in the wage can increase the optimal production speed and quantity of output. When price falls, optimal production speed and optimal division of labor can move in opposite directions. Output quantity can also rise, generating a downward sloping supply curve in the absence of increasing returns to scale. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What makes a blockbuster? Economic analysis of film success in the United Kingdom
Authors: Collins Alan , Hand Chris , Snell Martin C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to evaluate whether a film's commercial performance can be forecast. The statistical distribution of film revenues in the UK is examined and found to have unbounded variance. This undermines much of the existing work relating a film's performance to its identifiable attributes within an OLS model. We adopt De Vany and Walls' approach and transform the revenue data into a binary variable and estimate the probability that a film's revenue will exceed a given threshold value; in other words, the probability of a blockbuster. Furthermore, we provide a sensitivity analysis around these threshold values. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outlet ownership in franchising systems: an agency based approach
Authors: Seshadri Sudhindra 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBuilding on prior agency theoretic explanations of the franchisor–franchisee relationship, this paper introduces the franchise system manager in the traditional dyadic channel. This allows us to link the franchisors internal agency problems of providing incentives to managers to their external agency problems of acquiring and extracting rents from franchisees. I find preliminary empirical support for this approach in a structural equations model estimated on a franchise system data set. I then develop and analyze an agency‐theoretic model with agency tradeoffs. An explicit rationale for mixed ownership in franchising emerges from the model, where the share of company owned outlets is endogenously determined as the tradeoff between franchisee rents and managerial compensation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On singular mono‐energetic transport equations in slab geometry
Authors: Chabi Mohamed , Latrach Khalid 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper we establish the well posedness of the Cauchy problem associated to transport equations with singular cross‐sections (i.e. unbounded collisions frequencies and unbounded collision operators) in L1 spaces for specular reflecting boundary conditions. In addition, we discuss the weak compactness of the second‐order remainder term of the Dyson–Phillips expansion. This allows us to estimate the essential type of the transport semigroup from which the asymptotic behaviour of the solution is derived. The case of singular transport equations with periodic boundary conditions is also discussed. The proofs make use of the Miyadera perturbation theory of positive semigroups on AL‐spaces. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of double‐balanced MMIC mixer for Ka‐band satellite communications
Authors: Ryu Keun‐Kwan , Jang Dong‐Phil , Lee Moon‐Que , Yom In‐Bok , Lee Seong‐Pal 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) mixer chip using the Schottky diode of an InGaAs/GaAs p‐HEMT process has been developed to act as the receiver down converter of a Ka‐band satellite transponder. A different approach to the MMIC mixer structure is applied for reducing the chip size by the exchange of ports between IF and LO. This MMIC covers with RF (30.6–31.0 GHz) and IF (20.8–21.2 GHz). According to the on‐wafer measurement, the miniature (3.0 × 1.5 mm) MMIC mixer demonstrates conversion loss below 7.8 dB, LO‐to‐RF isolation above 27 dB, LO‐to‐IF isolation above 19 dB, and RF‐to‐IF isolation above 40 dB, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 401–403, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10475
Propagation characteristics of suspended MIS coupled slow‐wave microstrip lines
Authors: Verma A. K. , Nasimuddin  , Sharma Enakshi K. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe single‐layer reduction (SLR) formulation is presented to compute the propagation characteristics, that is, the slowing factor (normalized phase constant) and the attenuation constant of the even and odd modes of the suspended MIS coupled slow‐wave microstrip lines. The proposed structure is suitable for the design of a compact high‐directivity coupler. For the standard coupled MIS microstrip line the SLR computes the slowing factor with deviation about 1% and the attenuation constant with 0.005 dB/mm difference against reults of the spectral domain analysis (SDA). The SLR is as accurate as the SDA; however, computationally it is much faster than the SDA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 403–405, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10476
Very‐low‐profile bent planar monopole antenna for GSM/DCS dual‐band mobile phone
Authors: Lee Gwo‐Yun , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: September 2002

AbstractBy inserting several slits into a rectangular planar monopole, which meanders the monopole, and further bending it into two equal and perpendicular sections, a novel very‐low‐profile monopole antenna for applications in GSM/DCS dual‐band mobile phones is presented. The antenna height is only 7 mm (about 2.1% of the wavelength at 900 MHz) from the ground plane, and the obtained impedance bandwidths cover the required operating bandwidths of the GSM (890–960 MHz) and DCS (1710–1880 MHz) bands. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 406–409, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10477
Design of microstrip reflect array using data from isolated patch analysis
Authors: Venneri F. , Angiulli G. , Di Massa G. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe design of microstrip reflect arrays requires the use of a design curve to correlate the phase of the reradiated field and the size of the elements. In this Letter this parameter has been evaluated by analyzing the field scattered from an isolated reflect‐array unit cell. As a test case a microstrip reflect array has been designed with the use of these data. Even if this approach neglects the mutual coupling effects, the measured reflect‐array radiation pattern shows that the main beam steering agrees with the design requirements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 34: 411–414, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10479