bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can transnational municipal networks mitigate the carbon pollution of the world’s power plants?: an empirical analysis
Authors: Grant Don , Leffel Benjamin , Johnson Evan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransnational municipal networks (TMNs) have been heralded as actors that can avert a climate catastrophe by filling the “emission gaps” left by national climate policies. But can these networks reduce the carbon pollution of power plants, the world’s largest sites of climate-disrupting emissions? Using an international data source on individual power plants, we empirically analyze this issue. Findings reveal that after accounting for their structural properties and the national policies to which they are subject, power plants emit less CO2 when nested in cities that are members of TMNs and this is especially true of plants in less developed countries. In contrast, national climate policies are unrelated to plants’ environmental performance over time. Although our analyses suggest TMNs help to reduce the emissions of the typical power plant, they also indicate they have little bearing on the emissions of the world’s most egregious polluting plants.
Printed circuit board solder joint quality inspection based on lightweight classification network
Authors: Zhang Zhicong , Zhang Wenyu , Zhu Donglin , Xu Yi , Zhou Changjun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSolder joint quality inspection is a crucial step in the qualification inspection of printed circuit board (PCB) components, and efficient and accurate inspection methods will greatly improve its production efficiency. In this paper, we propose a PCB solder joint quality detection algorithm based on a lightweight classification network. First, the Select Joint segmentation method was used to obtain the solder joint information, and colour space conversion was used to locate the solder joint. The mask method, contour detection, and box line method were combined to complete the extraction of solder joint information. Then, by combining the respective characteristics of convolutional neural network and Transformer and introducing Cross‐covariance attention to reduce the computational complexity and resource consumption of the model and evenly distribute the global view mutual information in the whole training process, a new lightweight network model MobileXT is proposed to complete defect classification. Only 16.4% of the Vision Transformer computing resources used in this model can achieve an average accuracy improvement of 31%. Additionally, the network is trained and validated using a dataset of 1804 solder joint images constructed from 93 PCB images and two external datasets to evaluate MobileXT performance. The proposed method achieves more efficient localization of the solder joint information and more accurate classification of weld joint defects, and the lightweight model design is more appropriate for industrial edge device deployments.
Belastungslagen von Alleinerziehenden-, Stief- und Kernfamilien und
Inanspruchnahme von Unterstützungsangeboten. Befunde aus zwei repräsentativen
deutschen Studien
Authors: Lux Ulrike , Entleitner-Phleps Christine , Langmeyer Alexandra N. , Löchner Johanna , Walper Sabine , Ulrich Susanne Marlene 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie untersucht Belastungslagen von
Alleinerziehenden, Stief- und Kernfamilien mit jungen Kindern sowie die Nutzung
von universellen, selektiven und indizierten Unterstützungsangeboten in
den unterschiedlichen Familienformen.
Methodik Anhand von zwei repräsentativen
Bevölkerungsstudien mit Müttern von Kindern zwischen 0–3
Jahren (KiD 0–3 2015; N=6,617 und AID:A 2019, N=1,501)
aus Deutschland werden von den Müttern eingeschätzte Belastungen
sowie die Nutzung verschiedener Präventionsangebote deskriptiv und mit
Chi²-Tests untersucht.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt zeigen sich bei Alleinerziehenden und teilweise auch
bei Stieffamilien vermehrte sozioökonomische Belastungen (z. B.
höheres Armutsrisiko). Insbesondere universelle
Präventionsangebote (z. B. Geburtsvorbereitung,
Eltern-Kind-Gruppen) werden seltener von Alleinerziehenden genutzt,
während selektive und indizierte Angebote, wie Familien- oder
Erziehungsberatung und Angebote des Jugendamts, häufiger von ihnen
genutzt werden.
Schlussfolgerung Vermehrte Belastungsmerkmale lassen einen höheren
Hilfebedarf bei Alleinerziehenden im Vergleich zu Kernfamilien vermuten.
Universelle Gruppenangebote werden scheinbar nicht dazu genutzt, diesen
Hilfebedarf zu decken, während selektive individuelle Beratungsangebote,
wie Schwangerschafts- und Erziehungsberatung, im Verhältnis von
Alleinerziehenden und Stieffamilien häufiger in Anspruch genommen
werden. Auf Alleinerziehende zugeschnittene (Gruppen-)Angebote –
insbesondere in der frühen Entwicklungsphase des Kindes –
könnten unterstützen.
Forschungsförderprogramm „Stadt der Zukunft –
gesunde und nachhaltige Metropolen“
Authors: Zerbe Stefan , Hornberg Claudia , Macher Marilen , Fehr Rainer 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund der weltweit voranschreitenden Urbanisierung und damit der
zunehmenden Bedeutung von Städten als Lebensraum für den
Menschen ist es unabdingbar, die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden der
Stadtbewohner:innen in den Mittelpunkt urbaner Planungen zu rücken. Das
Forschungsförderprogramm „Stadt der Zukunft – gesunde
und nachhaltige Metropolen“ der Fritz und Hildegard Berg-Stiftung im
Deutschen Stiftungszentrum setzt hierbei seit 2010 wichtige inter- und
transdisziplinäre Forschungsimpulse. Gefördert wurden
Juniorforschungsgruppen an den Schnittstellen von Gesundheitswissenschaften und
anderen Disziplinen der Natur- und Sozialwissenschaften. Ein Schwerpunkt der
Forschungsförderung lag auch auf der intensiven Kooperation mit der
Praxis, um einerseits die Probleme und Fragestellungen aus der Praxis
wissenschaftlich optimal reflektieren und bearbeiten zu können und
andererseits den Wissenstransfer zu katalysieren. Begleitet werden die
Forschungskonsortien durch alljährlich stattfindende Konferenzen mit den
unterschiedlichsten Themen der StadtGesundheit an wechselnden
Veranstaltungsorten in Deutschland. Zudem sind transdisziplinäre
Netzwerke geknüpft und weitere Initiativen (z. B.
Institutsgründung) angestoßen worden. Die Entwicklung des
facettenreichen Forschungsförderprogramms „Stadt der Zukunft
– gesunde und nachhaltige Metropolen“ wird dargestellt und ein
Ausblick in dessen zukünftige Entwicklung präsentiert.
Mode of Delivery and Obstetric Complications in the Setting of Prior Uterine Surgery
Authors: Bogardus Margaret H. , Friedman Alexander M. , Arora Chetna , D'Alton Mary E. , Wen Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Objective This study aimed to evaluate cesarean rates and risk for obstetric complications among deliveries with a history of prior uterine surgery.
Study Design This serial cross-sectional study analyzed deliveries with and without prior uterine surgery in the 2016–2019 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were performed to assess risk of nontransfusion severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and other obstetric complications based on the presence or absence of prior uterine surgery with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as measures of association. Adjusted models accounted for demographic, hospital, and delivery factors. Demographics and clinical factors among deliveries with and without a prior history of uterine surgery diagnosis were compared with the chi-square test with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Results Of 14.7 million delivery hospitalization identified, 6,910 (4.7 per 10,000) had a history of uterine surgery and 111,710 (0.76%) experienced SMM. Women with prior uterine surgery were more likely to be older, to be of unknown race or ethnicity, and to have private insurance (p < 0.01 for all). Eighty-five percent of deliveries with prior uterine surgery were performed by cesarean compared with 32% of deliveries without prior uterine surgery (p < 0.01). In adjusted analysis, compared with patients without prior uterine surgery, patients with prior uterine surgery were not at increased risk for SMM (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 0.73–2.07). Evaluating obstetric complications, patients with prior uterine surgery had a decreased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.96) and an increased risk of peripartum hysterectomy (aOR 4.12, 95% CI 1.75–9.67), and no difference in other obstetric complications assessed.
Conclusion These findings suggest that current clinical practice results in similar delivery risks among patients with compared with without prior uterine surgery.
Key Points
Breathing Motion Pattern in Cyclists: Role of Inferior against
Superior Thorax Compartment
Authors: Lopes Ana Luiza , Sarro Karine Jacon , Rodrigues Isabella Martins , Leite Richard Diego , Massaroni Carlo , Amorim Paulo Roberto dos Santos , Cerveri Pietro , Silvatti Amanda P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe thoracoabdominal breathing motion pattern is being considered in sports
training because of its contribution, along with other physiological
adaptations, to overall performance. We examined whether and how experience with
cycling training modifies the thoracoabdominal motion patterns. We utilized
optoelectronic plethysmography to monitor ten trained male cyclists and compared
them to ten physically active male participants performing breathing maneuvers.
Cyclists then participated in a self-paced time trial to explore the similarity
between that observed during resting breathing. From the 3D coordinates of 32
markers positioned on each participant’s trunk, we calculated the percentage of
contribution of the superior thorax, inferior thorax, and abdomen and the
correlation coefficient among these compartments. During the rest maneuvers, the
cyclists showed a thoracoabdominal motion pattern characterized by an increased
role of the inferior thorax relative to the superior thorax (26.69±5.88%,
34.93±5.03%; p=0.002, respectively), in contrast to the
control group (26.69±5.88%; 25.71±6.04%, p=0.4,
respectively). In addition, the inferior thorax showed higher coordination in
phase with the abdomen. Furthermore, the results of the time trial test
underscored the same pattern found in cyclists breathing at rest, suggesting
that the development of a permanent modification in respiratory mechanics may be
associated with cycling practice.
Fusion of the Median and Musculocutaneous Nerves Masquerading as Biceps' Innervation from the Median Nerve
Authors: Antonopoulos Ioannis , Ampadiotaki Margarita- Michaela , Tsikouris George , Chiotis Ioannis , Tsakotos Georgios , Pathiakis Ioannis , Troupis Theodore G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmbryologically, the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) comes from the lateral root of the median nerve, and thus numerous anatomical variations concerning the formation and branching pattern of these two nerves of the brachial plexus have been described. In this case study, we describe a relatively uncommon case of fusion of the median and MCNs that was identified during routine teaching dissection of a male human cadaver. The identification of this anatomical variation requires awareness of the embryological background, as it may be confused with biceps innervation from the median nerve or the existence of a communicating branch between the two nerves. In addition, awareness of such anatomical variations is of undisputable significance for the safety of surgical operations in the brachial plexus and the arm in general.
International Council for Standardization in Haematology Guidance for New Lot Verification of Coagulation Reagents, Calibrators, and Controls
Authors: Gosselin Robert C. , Castellone Donna , Dorgalaleh Akbar , Hickey Kieron , Lippi Giuseppe , Moffat Karen , O'Toole Rebecca , Rigano Joe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe clinical laboratory uses commercial products with limited shelf life or certain expiry dates requiring frequent lot changes. Prior to implementation for clinical use, laboratories should determine the performance of the new reagent lot to ensure that there is no significant shift in reagent performance or reporting of patient data. This guideline has been written on behalf of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) to provide the framework and provisional guidance for clinical laboratories for evaluating and verifying the performance of new lot reagents used for coagulation testing. These ICSH Working Party consensus recommendations are based on good laboratory practice, regulatory recommendations, evidence emerged from scientific publications, and expert opinion and are meant to supplement regional standards, regulations, or requirements.
Variable Performance of Lupus Anticoagulant Testing: The Australasian/Asia-Pacific Experience
Authors: Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Dean Elysse , Arunachalam Sandya 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLupus anticoagulant (LA) is one of three tests identified as laboratory criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The other two tests are anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibody. The presence of LA is assessed using clot-based tests, while the presence of aCL and aβ2GPI is assessed by immunological assays. Since no test can be considered 100% sensitive or specific for LA, current guidelines recommend using two different clot-based assays reflecting different principles, with the dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) recommended. Initially, LA-sensitive reagents are used to screen for LA, and then, in “screen-positive” samples, LA-“insensitive” reagents are used to confirm LA. Because LA assays are based on clot detection, anything that can interfere with fibrin clot development may affect test results. In particular, in addition to LA, the tests are also sensitive to the presence of a wide range of clinical anticoagulants, reflecting preanalytical issues for testing. We provide updated findings for LA testing in our geographic region, using recent data from the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs, an international external quality assessment program with approximately 120 participants. Data show a wide variety of assays in use, especially for aPTT testing, and variable outcomes in reported numerical values with these assays when assessing proficiency samples. dRVVT testing mostly comprised reagents from three main manufacturing suppliers, which also showed differences in numerical values for the same homogeneous tested samples. Nevertheless, despite the use of different test reagents and processes, >98% of participants correctly identified LA-negative samples as LA-negative and LA-positive samples as LA positive. We hope our findings, reflecting on the heterogeneity of test processes and test data, help improve diagnostic testing for LA in the future.
Ulnar Impaction Syndrome and TFCC Injury: Their Relationship and Management
Authors: Im Jin-Hyung , Lee Jin-Woo , Lee Joo-Yup 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUlnar-sided wrist pain can be caused by a number of problems, including ulnar impaction syndrome (UIS) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injury. Multiple studies have described the diagnostic criteria for UIS and TFCC injuries, and excellent surgical outcomes have been reported for each condition. Few studies have examined the extent to which the two independent conditions cooccur, and little is known about their relationship. Based on theories in the literature and clinical experience, we propose the possibility of TFCC injury as the cause and result of UIS in this review.
Not all threats are equal: symbolic and realistic threats and the deployment of parent-country nationals
Authors: Yao Fiona Kun , Yang Jing Yu , Chang Song , Lu Jane Wenzhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through extending the psychological approach to threats, we advance a threat–contingency model to understand how two domains of host-country threats–symbolic and realistic–drive multinational enterprises (MNEs) to deploy parent-country nationals to manage their foreign subsidiaries. When faced with symbolic threats related to ethics and morals in a host country, MNEs act rigidly and conservatively, increasing the likelihood of deploying parent-country nationals as executives in foreign subsidiaries. When dealing with realistic threats associated with potential economic losses in a host country, however, MNEs are adaptive, decreasing the tendency to transfer parent-country nationals abroad and increasing the use of host-country nationals in foreign subsidiaries. The two threats interact in affecting staffing decisions. Moreover, industry globalization moderates asymmetrically the influences of the two threats: globalization strengthens the effect of symbolic threats but weakens the effect of realistic threats. We used a primary archival study and supplementary laboratory studies to test our hypotheses. Overall, our study provides an additional theoretical account to explain MNEs’ divergent responses toward two domains of threats in a host country. We conclude the study with implications for international business and global mobility research.
Li–Pd–Rh-D2O electrochemistry experiments at elevated voltage
Authors: Gotzmer Carl , DeChiaro Louis F. , Conley Kenneth , Litz Marc , Millett Marshall , Ewing Jesse , Forsley Lawrence P. , Long Karen J. , Wichart William A. , Mosier-Boss Pamela A. , Sullivan John , Perry Efrem , Barham Oliver M. 
Published: November 2023

In 2013, the U.S. Navy disclosed an electrochemistry procedure intended to produce MeV-energy nuclear particles, based on eV-energy electrical inputs, which may be indicative of a new scientific phenomenon. This work is based on the 2013 disclosure and shows initial evidence validating the prior claims of nuclear particle generation. Additionally, several variations on the 2013 electrochemical recipe are made in order to find a highly repeatable recipe for future replications by other teams. The experiments described here produced dense collections of tracks in solid-state nuclear track detectors, radio frequency (RF) emissions, and anomalous heat flux, which are indicative of potential nuclear, or unusual chemical, reactions. Experimental results include tracks in solid-state nuclear track detectors similar in size to tracks produced by 4.7 MeV alpha particles on identical detectors exposed to radioactive Th-230; RF pulses up to 6 dB above the noise floor, which indicate that these signals were likely not background noise and not caused by known chemical reactions; and heat flux of 10 s of kJ, measured to 6σ significance, over and above input electrical energy, indicative of unknown exothermic reactions. Six out of six nuclear track detectors, utilized in experiments and interrogated for tracks post-experiment, produced positive results that our team attributes to thousands of individual particle impacts in dense clusters, likely with energies between 0.1 and 20 MeV. Similar nuclear particle, thermal, and RF results have separately appeared in prior reports, but in this work, all three categories of anomalous behavior are reported. Results indicate that the 2013 procedure may be a useful guide toward a set of highly repeatable reference experiments, showing initial but not overwhelming evidence of a new scientific phenomenon. Repeatable recipes are shared so that other groups may replicate and extend the present work.
Single-pass method for reconstruction of extreme UV spectra
Authors: Skobliakov A. V. , Kolesnikov D. S. , Kantsyrev A. V. , Golubev A. A. , Ilyicheva M. V. , Gritsuk A. N. , Grabovskii E. V. 
Published: November 2023

This work is devoted to the development of a method for the reconstruction of plasma extreme UV (EUV) spectra recorded by a three frame grazing incidence spectrograph (GIS-3D). The spectrograph provides registration of radiation reflected from the diffraction grating (DG) on a three-frame detector based on a microchannel plate with a scintillator screen and registration on a CCD camera, with an exposure time of one frame of ∼1.5 ns. DG has a gold-coated spherical concave form with a radius of curvature of 2 m and dimensions of 30 × 40 × 10 mm3. In this case, radiation is incident on the DG at a grazing angle of 2°; the DG period is 1.66 µm. The new single-pass method for the reconstruction of plasma EUV spectra was developed, which solves the inverse problem of decomposing experimental signals into separate contributions from each of the diffraction orders, followed by the reconstruction of the true plasma spectrum. Using the developed method, the possibility of finding a close approximation to the shape of a DG groove profile based on a priori information about the recorded spectra was demonstrated. In order to test and demonstrate the efficiency of this method, several experimental EUV spectra obtained at the Z-pinch facility Angara-5-1 with a current of ∼3–4 MA through loads made of either tungsten wires or polypropylene fibers were reconstructed. In addition, to test the single-pass method, the transmittance of EUV in cold aluminum was measured in the wavelength range of 3–35 nm, and it has a good match with the Henke database.
Dynamically tunable broadband output coupling of optical oscillators based on non-cyclic geometric phase mirror
Authors: Kaushik Chahat , Aadhi A. , Ghosh Anirban , Singh R. P. , Gupta S. Dutta , Ebrahim-Zadeh M. , Samanta G. K. 
Published: November 2023

We present a uniquely versatile and efficient mirror system capable of real-time fine-tuning in reflection and transmission properties across a broad wavelength range and at a high optical power. Leveraging the principles of the non-cyclic geometric phase (GP) acquired by the clockwise and counterclockwise beams of the Sagnac interferometer satisfying the anti-resonant condition on propagation through the quarter-wave plate, half-wave plate, and quarter-wave plate combination having fast axes oriented at 45° (fixed), θ (variable), and −45° (fixed) with respect to the vertical, respectively, our mirror system offers dynamic transmission control across 0–100% without the need for realignment. Notably, the GP-based mirror (GP-mirror) preserves the polarization state of the reflected beam, making it ideal for polarization-sensitive applications. The wavelength insensitivity of the GP enables seamless operation of the mirror across a wide wavelength range. As a proof-of-principle, we use the GP-mirror as the output coupler of a continuous-wave, green-pumped, doubly resonant optical parametric oscillator (DRO) based on a 30-mm-long MgO:sPPLT crystal and obtain stable operation at high powers over a wide wavelength tuning range. For a pump power of 5 W, the DRO provides an output power of 2.45 W at an extraction efficiency as high as 49% when operated at optimum output coupling. The DRO shows a maximum pump depletion of 89% and delivers an optimum output power across a tuning range ≥90 nm. The demonstrated concept offers a promising approach for advancing the capabilities and control of coherent optical sources tunable across different spectral regions and in all time scales from continuous-wave to ultrafast femtosecond domain.