bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa UPTD SDN Banyuajuh II Kamal
Authors: Alfatiha A'inaiyah , Fadlillah M. 
Published: January 2024

Minat merupakan suatu ketertarikan terhadap sesuatu atau terhadap objek yang di lihat unik. Tentunya dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran harus dapat membangun minat belajar siswa yang nantinya akan berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran dalam kelas. hal tersebut juga adanya bantuan seorang guru untuk dapat menumbuhkan minat siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan suatu media pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi literature, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek yang digunakan siswa UPTD SDN Banyuajuh 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan media media pembelajaran didalam kelas sangat berpengaruh terhadap antusias siswa dalam belajar. dari hasil observasi saat diterapkan media siswa lebih tertarik dengan menunjukkan rawut wajah yang senang dan rasa penasaran dari siswa tumbuh secara perlahan-lahan, selain itu pada saat proses pembelajaran di laksanakan antusias siswa dan minat siswa tumbuh dan perhatian siswa terfokuskan kepada guru pada saat pelaksanaan pembelajaran.
The usefulness of balance test in preseason evaluation of injuries in amputee football players: a pilot prospective observational study
Authors: Kasińska Zofia , Tasiemski Tomasz , Zwierko Teresa , Lesiakowski Piotr , Grygorowicz Monika 
Published: January 2024

Background
Low balance ability is generally associated with an increased risk of ligament injuries. It seems that assessing the level of stability in amputee football players can help evaluate the accompanying risk of sports injuries. Thus, the study aimed to examine the usefulness of the balance test in preseason evaluation by calculating between-group differences in stability parameters between injured and non-injured amputee players.

Methods
The study was designed as a pilot prospective observational study. Twenty-five elite amputee football players representing the Polish National Team and the highest division in Polish League completed one-leg preseason balance tests on the Biodex Balance System before the start of the football season. All players in this study were male, with an average age of 29 years (SD = 7.9), a stature of 174.2 cm (SD 5.2) and a body mass of 80.1 kg (SD = 13.1). Then, players were prospectively observed over one football season, and lower leg injury data were prospectively collected through the nine months. The between-group differences were tested using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for players who sustained an injury (yes) and those who did not within the analysed season (no). Overall (OSI), medial-lateral (MLSI), and anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) were analysed as primary outcomes.

Results
The preseason values of the balance tests were not predictive (p > 0.05) regarding sustaining an injury during the season. No between-group differences were noted for any analysed outcomes (p values ranged from 0.093 to 0.453).

Conclusions
Although static balance tasks offer a chance to make a preliminary assessment of injury prediction in amputee footballers, in overall, the balance test results cannot be regarded as the sole predictive injury risk factor in amputee football.
Phytochemical and Bioanalytical Studies on Murraya koenigii Leaves and Exploring its Pharmaceutical Properties
Authors: Thiyagarajan Santhanamari , Kanchana Subramanian 
Published: January 2024

The curry leaf plant Murraya koenigii is a widely consumed edible plant in Indian subcontinent for its nutritional benefits. Different parts of this plant have been proved to exhibit various pharmaceutical activities. The phytochemical analysis of aqueous leaf extract of M. koenigii indicted the presence of tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial properties of five solvent extracts of M. koenigii leaves were tested against six pathogenic strains of microbes using agar well diffusion method. The MICs of methanol extract for the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi were 250, 750 and 1000µg/mL respectively. While the acetone extract completely inhibited the bacteria E. coli (≥250µg/mL), it could exhibit the lethality only at high concentrations (≥1000µg/mL) for S. aureus and S. typhi. Moderate effects were shown by ethanol and chloroform extracts with the MICs ranging 750 - 1000µg/mL against the bacteria. The ethyl acetate extract was effective only against E. coli (250µg/mL). The methanol extract inhibited all the fungi with the MICs of ≥1000µg/mL against both Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton rubrum and ≥750µg/mL against Candida albicans. Acetone extract caused moderate (≥750µg/mL) and complete inhibition (≥250µg/mL) respectively of A. niger and C. albicans. The ethyl acetate, ethanol and chloroform extracts were effective only against C. albicans with the MICs ranging 500 - 1000µg/mL. The TLC and GC-MS studies revealed the occurrences of 7 and 13 secondary metabolites respectively in the M. koenigii leaf extracts encompassing three compounds with proven bioactive potentials.
Soil Quality Index for Different Cropping Systems in Northwestern Himalaya Region of India
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Paliyal Sukhdev Singh , Sharma Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Sandeep 
Published: January 2024

Background: A study was conducted to examine the impact of soil quality under different cropping systems in Mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh”. The study was carried out to ascertain the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils under prevalent cropping systems maize- wheat, rice- wheat and vegetable based in different in mid hill conditions of northwestern Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: On the basis of representative 90 soil samples from two depths i.e. 0-0.15 m and 0.15-0.30 m were collected. Soil samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical and biological properties and key indicators were identified using multivariate statistical analysis for computing the soil quality index.
Results: Soil reaction across various sites under present study was 5.30-6.70. Higher salt accumulation (EC) was observed under vegetable based cropping systems as compared to those of cereal based. Organic carbon was medium to high and available N, P and K contents were in low to medium range. DTPA Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were observed sufficient, whereas total Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were recorded higher in cereal and vegetable based cropping system. Microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, potentially mineralizable nitrogen and soil respiration were low to medium in all cropping systems.
Conclusion: Soil quality index was 1.00 under vegetable based cropping system as compared to the cereal based cropping systems.
Evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q influencing phonological coding dyslexia
Authors: Petryshen Tracey L. , Kaplan Bonnie J. , Fu Liu Ming , de French Norma Schmill , Tobias Rose , Hughes Martha L. , Leigh Field L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA linkage study of 96 dyslexia families containing at least two affected siblings (totaling 877 individuals) has found evidence for a dyslexia susceptibility gene on chromosome 6q11.2–q12 (assigned the name DYX4). Using a qualitative phonological coding dyslexia (PCD) phenotype (affected, unaffected, or uncertain diagnoses), two‐point parametric analyses found highly suggestive evidence for linkage between PCD and markers D6S254, D6S965, D6S280, and D6S251 (LODmax scores = 2.4 to 2.8) across an 11 cM region. Multipoint parametric analysis supported linkage of PCD to this region (peak HLOD = 1.6), as did multipoint nonparametric linkage analysis (P = 0.012). Quantitative trait linkage analyses of four reading measures (phonological awareness, phonological coding, spelling, and rapid automatized naming speed) also provided evidence for a dyslexia susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. Using a variance‐component approach, analysis of phonological coding and spelling measures resulted in peak LOD scores at D6S965 of 2.1 and 3.3, respectively, under 2 degrees of freedom. Furthermore, multipoint nonparametric quantitative trait sibpair analyses suggested linkage between the 6q region and phonological awareness, phonological coding, and spelling (P = 0.018, 0.017, 0.0005, respectively, for unweighted sibpairs < 18 years of age). Although conventional significance thresholds were not reached in the linkage analyses, the chromosome 6q11.2–q12 region clearly warrants investigation in other dyslexia family samples to attempt replication and confirmation of a dyslexia susceptibility gene in this region. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suggestive evidence for linkage of schizophrenia to markers at chromosome 15q13–14 in Taiwanese families
Authors: Liu Chih‐Min , Hwu Hai‐Gwo , Lin Ming‐Wei , Ou‐Yang Wen‐Chen , Lee Sandy F.‐C. , Fann Cathy S.J. , Wong Su‐Hsien , Hsieh Shu‐Hua 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to evaluate the linkage of schizophrenia to loci at chromosome 15q, we genotyped six microsatellite markers at chromosome 15q11–14 in 52 Taiwanese schizophrenic families. Two phenotype models (narrow: DSM‐IV schizophrenia only; and broad: including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other nonaffective psychotic disorders) were used to define the disease phenotype. Maximum nonparametric linkage scores (NPL scores) of 3.33 (P = 0.0003) and 2.96 (P = 0.0008) were obtained at the marker D15S976 under broad and narrow models, respectively. Positive linkage results were also observed at the marker D15S1360, previously reported to have significant linkage to a neurophysiological deficit of schizophrenia, with NPL scores of 2.71 (P = 0.003) and 2.78 (P = 0.002) under broad and narrow models, respectively. The results provide suggestive linkage evidence of schizophrenia to loci at chromosome 15q13–14 in an ethnically distinct Taiwanese sample. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sodium channel inactivation defects are associated with acetazolamide‐exacerbated hypokalemic periodic paralysis
Authors: Bendahhou Saïd , Cummins Theodore R. , Griggs Robert C. , Fu Ying‐Hui , Ptáček Louis J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel mutation in a family with hypokalemic periodic paralysis is described. The mutation R672S is located in the voltage sensor segment S4 of domain II in the SCN4A gene encoding the human skeletal muscle voltage‐gated sodium channel. Functional expression of the R672S channels in human embryonic kidney 293 cells revealed a small but significant hyperpolarizing shift in the steady‐state fast inactivation, and a dramatic enhancement in channel slow inactivation. These two defects are mainly due to a slow recovery of the mutant channels from fast and/or slow inactivation. Our data may help explain the mechanism underlying hypokalemic periodic paralysis and the patient's worsening from acetazolamide.
Characteristics of arsenic elution from sewage sludge
Authors: Ito A. , Takachi T. , Kitada K. , Aizawa J. , Umita T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCharacteristics of arsenic elution from sewage sludge were studied at different sludge pH values to develop a removal process for arsenic in sewage sludge. Forms of arsenic compounds (arsenious acid (As(III)), arsenic acid (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid) eluted from the sludge were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography–inductively, coupled plasma mass spectrometry. It was confirmed that four compounds of arsenic in the liquid phase separated from the sludge could be clearly classified and directly determined without being interfered with by coexistent matter dissolved from the sludge. An increase in sludge pH effectively increased the amount of arsenic eluted from the sludge. Although the sludge oxidation–reduction potential was increased by decreasing the sludge pH with sulfuric acid, the elution of arsenic was slight at pH 1. The predominant form of arsenic eluted from the sludge was arsenic acid at sludge pH 5, 7, 9 and 11, whereas it was arsenious acid at pH 1. Both monomethylarsonic and dimethylarsinic acids were insignificantly eluted at all of the pH values investigated. The form of arsenic dissolved from the sludge was found to almost correspond with that obtained from the Eh–pH diagram of arsenic in an aqueous system. It was concluded that elution of arsenic from sludge was promoted by increasing sludge pH and the dissolved arsenic existed mainly as arsenic acid at high pH. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution thermogravimetry of poly(phenylene sulfide) film under four atmospheres
Authors: Li Xin‐Gui , Huang Mei‐Rong , Bai He 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe thermal degradation of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) film is investigated in air, nitrogen, helium, and argon with different physical and reactive characteristics at room temperature to 790°C as ascertained by high‐resolution thermogravimetry (TG) at a variable heating rate in response to the changes in the sample's weight‐loss rate. Only a one‐step degradation process of the PPS is observed in nitrogen and argon, but a two‐step degradation process of PPS is found in helium. A four‐step degradation process of the PPS, which is hardly ever revealed by traditional TG, is found in this investigation, especially in air. The initial thermal degradation temperature and temperature at the first maximum weight‐loss rate of the PPS increase in the following order: helium < nitrogen < argon < air. The first maximum weight‐loss rate also increases with the variation of the atmosphere in the order nitrogen < air < argon < helium. The char yield at 700°C increases in the order air < helium < nitrogen < argon. The activation energy of the major degradation process of PPS, as calculated based on the high‐resolution TG data, is very high and increases in the order nitrogen < argon < helium < air. The thermal decomposition parameters of the PPS determined by the high‐resolution TG are systematically compared with those by traditional TG at a constant heating rate. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1940–1946, 2002
Enhancement of the dimensional stability of poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) filament by multistep zone annealing spinning
Authors: Chae Han Gi , Chae Dong Wook , Kim Byoung Chul , Seo Seung Won 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBoth good tensile properties and good resistance to thermal shrinkage are prerequisites for tire cord applications. For these purposes, poly(ethylene‐2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate) (PEN) filaments were prepared by multistep zone annealing (MSZA) spinning with a specially devised system. The melting temperature of the PEN filaments so obtained was slightly increased with an increasing total draw ratio. All the filaments exhibited a sharp melting peak around 270°C, but glass‐transition behavior was barely visible via differential scanning calorimetry. Rheovibron experiments showed α relaxation in the vicinity of 175°C. Increasing the draw ratio above 4 did not increase the birefringence value much, but it did lead to increases in the tensile properties. The PEN filaments consisted exclusively of α‐form crystals. The PEN filaments showed excellent resistance to thermal shrinkage, which was less than 1% even with heating to 140°C. In the MSZA spinning process, increasing the degree of hot drawing proved more effective than increasing the degree of cold drawing for obtaining PEN filaments with better dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 916–922, 2002
Melting behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Chung Wei‐Tsung , Yeh Wei‐Jun , Hong Po‐Da 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, the melting behavior of isothermally crystallized polytri‐ methylene terephthalate (PTT) was investigated. Multiple melting behaviors in DSC heating trace were found because two populations of lamellar stacks were formed during primary crystallization and the recrystallization at heating process, respectively. This fact could be also confirmed from the result of optical microscopy observation. The Hoffman–Weeks equation was applied to obtain equilibrium melting temperature (T). The T value of PTT is about 525 K, which is 10 K higher than that reported. Combining the enthalpy of fusion from the DSC result and the degree of crystallinity from WAXD result, the value of the equilibrium‐melting enthalpy ΔH was deduced to be approximately 28.8 kJ mol−1. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2426–2433, 2002
Influence of hydrogen donors on peroxide‐initiated melt grafting of vinylsilane to poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate)
Authors: Parent J. Scott , Spencer Mark , Whitney Ralph A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA technique has been examined for reducing the extent of crosslinking resulting from 1,1‐di(t‐butylperoxy)‐3,3,5‐trimethylcyclohexane (L‐231) initiating melt grafting of vinyltriethoxysilane (VTEOS) onto poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA). Using measurements of crosslink density and VTEOS conversion, a standard of selectivity for the EVA/VTEOS/L‐231 system at 145 °C was defined and used to assess the influence of a range of additives (0.25 mol per mole VTEOS). The data indicated that compounds such as 4‐nonene, N,N‐dimethylaniline, and cumene improve reaction selectivity, whereas dodecane and cyclohexyl acetate have no effect. A strong correlation between the minimum CH bond dissociation energy and the influence of a given compound is evident, suggesting that a labile CH bond is the key element of an effective additive. A mechanism of additive function on the basis of hydrogen atom donation is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2397–2402, 2002
Structure and physical properties of cellulose acetate/poly(L‐lactide) blends
Authors: Ogata Nobuo , Tatsushima Toru , Nakane Koji , Sasaki Kenji , Ogihara Takashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo biodegradable polymers, poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and cellulose acetate (CA), were solvent‐cast‐blended with chloroform. Macrophase separation took place without a compatibilizer. However, homogeneous blend films were obtained with the addition of tetraisopropyl titanate (TP) as a compatibilizer to the blend. We investigated the reasons for the blends exhibiting homogeneity and measured the physical properties of the blends. We reached the following conclusions: (1) the addition of TP produces small PLLA crystallites in the PLLA/CA blends, (2) the addition of TP reduces the thermal decomposition temperature of PLLA/CA blends, (3) Young's modulus of the blends is almost independent of the blend ratio, and (4) the introduction of TP assists with the hydrolysis of the blends. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1219–1226, 2002
The effect of specific β‐nucleation on morphology and mechanical behavior of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Kotek Jiří , Raab Miroslav , Baldrian Josef , Grellmann Wolfgang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe commercial grade of isotactic polypropylene was modified by a specific β‐nucleating agent in a broad concentration range. The supermolecular structure of the specimens prepared by injection molding was characterized by X‐ray scattering and correlated with mechanical behavior. It was found that at a critical nucleant concentration of 0.03 wt % the content of the β‐modification virtually reaches a saturation level. With further addition of the nucleant, the β‐phase content increases only slightly. The long period passes through a distinct maximum at the same nucleant concentration. This singularity in structure remarkably correlates with a minimum of the yield stress and maxima of strain at break and fracture toughness. Such general behavior is also reflected in the correlation between the β‐phase concentration and fracture toughness profiles along the injection‐molded bars. It is suggested that in the critically nucleated material an optimum thickness of the amorphous interlayer with connecting chains between the β‐crystallites is established, rendering the material the highest possible ductility and toughness. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1174–1184, 2002
Thermally controlled molecular disassembly of a crosslinked polymer network by the incorporation of sterically hindered urea linkages
Authors: Malik Jitendra , Goldslager Barry A. , Clarson Stephen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCrosslinked polymer networks are excellent materials for multiple applications. However, although their crosslinked structure gives them many positive attributes, it also makes them intractable. Therefore, it is exceedingly difficult to reprocess crosslinked networks without exposure to extreme degradation conditions. In this work, we were able to create a crosslinked network that showed controlled disassembly upon stimulus. It was found that a controlled network disassembly process could be invoked by the incorporation of sterically hindered urea linkages into the polymer network. The network was shown to disassemble upon exposure to heat, whereas in the absence of heat, the network was found to maintain its crosslinked structure. The disassembly temperature could be varied by careful selection of the cleaving agent. This work focuses on showing the controlled network disassembly of a crosslinked polymer matrix as a function of temperature. Herein, we describe the factors that control the disassembly temperature and conclude with a possible mechanism for the disassembly process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 856–864, 2002