bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The substitution pattern of anthocyanidins affects different cellular signaling cascades regulating cell proliferation
Authors: Marko Doris , Puppel Nicole , Tjaden Zeina , Jakobs Sandra , Pahlke Gudrun 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe aglycons of the most abundant anthocyanins in food, cyanidin (cy) and delphinidin (del), represent potent inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Structure‐activity studies show that the presence of vicinal hydroxy substituents at the phenyl ring at the 2‐position (B‐ring) is crucial for target interaction. The presence of a single hydroxy group or introduction of methoxy substituents at the B‐ring results in a substantial loss of inhibitory properties. However, biological activity is not exclusively limited to compounds bearing vicinal hydroxy groups. A contradictory structure‐activity relationship is observed for the inhibition of cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Of the anthocyanidins tested, malvidin, bearing methoxy substituents in the 3′‐ and 5′‐positions, most effectively inhibited cAMP hydrolysis. The absence of methoxy groups and/or replacement by hydroxy substituents was found to strongly diminish PDE‐inhibitory properties. We found that either effective EGFR inhibition or effective PDE inhibition is required to achieve a shut‐down of the central mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, a signaling cascade crucial for the regulation of cell growth. This is consistent with the finding that efficient reduction of cell growth is limited to anthocyanidins that are potent EGFR‐ or PDE‐inhibitors including cy and del or malvidin (mv), respectively. In summary, depending on the substitution pattern at the B‐ring, anthocyanidins interfere with different signaling cascades involved in the regulation of cell growth.
Broadband rectangular‐to‐ridge‐to‐T‐septum waveguide transformers
Authors: Labay Vladimir A. , Bornemann Jens 
Published: September 2004

AbstractBroadband transformers from rectangular to T‐septum waveguides are presented. By utilizing both ridge and T‐septum waveguide sections in the transformer design, the thicknesses of the ridge and the T‐septa can be kept constant, which simplifies fabrication. The three‐ and four‐section designs achieve relative bandwidths of 57% and 72%, respectively. Both designs are verified through computations with commercially available field solver software. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 183–185, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20414
Frequency‐domain modal analysis of nonuniformly coupled transmission‐line structures
Authors: Brandão Faria J. A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe analysis of n‐coupled transmission lines with nonuniform cross‐section is often necessary in the design and simulation of high‐speed integrated circuits. A new modal analysis technique is presented, illustrating how a 2n‐port coupled nonuniform line structure can be broken down into a set of n uncoupled 2‐port nonuniform lines. Modal propagation parameters and modal transformation matrices are retrieved from the entries of the ABCD‐matrix representation of the n‐coupled line structure. An application concerning a tapered transmission‐line system typically found in chip‐carrier interconnections is provided as an example. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 186–189, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20415
Small microstrip antennas for mobile communications
Authors: Wang Chien‐Jen , Tsai Wen‐Tsai 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThree microstrip miniaturized meanderline antennas for mobile communications are presented in this paper. Two‐arm meanderline antennas, one with a patch and one with a rectangular loop, are fabricated and tested. The advantages of the antennas are the lower circuit cost, light antenna weight, short process time, a minimum number of via holes and simplified mechanical construction. In our experiments, comparisons of the radiated power and return loss of the three topologies of the meander‐line antenna are presented. The loading effect of the outside environments surrounding the meander‐line antennas is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 207–210, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20420
High‐efficiency planar slot‐array antenna with a single waveguide‐fed cavity‐backed subarray
Authors: Lee Byungje , Jung Kangjae , Yang Sung‐Hyun 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA cavity‐backed slot antenna array using a single waveguide‐fed subarray is proposed to reduce feed‐line loss, increase radiation efficiency, and make the feed network simple. A subarray consists of 2 × 4 slot elements backed by a single cavity. By proper choice of dimensions, it is shown that the proposed antenna has the characteristics of high radiation efficiency and broad frequency bandwidth. The antenna characteristics for the array antenna with 256 elements are measured in the Ku‐band. A single cavity‐backed subarray has a gain of 18 dBi. The gain of the total antenna array (256 elements) is more than 33 dBi. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 228–231, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20426
Novel microstrip bandpass filter with transmission zeros in the stopband
Authors: Jianxin Chen , Mengxia Yu , Jun Xu , Quan Xue 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a novel microstrip bandpass filter with transmission zeros in the stopband, low insertion loss in the passband, and compact size, which is achieved by giving two or three transmission paths to the input signals. The demonstrated filters are designed, fabricated, and tested. Theoretical and experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 238–240, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20429
Analysis of microwave tomography systems using the wire‐volume integral equations method
Authors: Hu Jin‐Lin , Wu Zhipeng , McCann Hugh , Davis Lionel Edward , Fontes Adolfo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA numerical scheme to analyse the forward problem in microwave tomography systems is introduced in this paper. Wire‐volume electric‐field integral equations are given to describe the electromagnetic environment in microwave tomography systems. The 1D triangular function and the 3D volumetric rooftop function are chosen as the basis functions to approximate the unknown electric current in the antennas and electric flux density in the object. The bi‐conjugate gradient method is employed to solve the system of linear equations. A comparison of the measured results shows that this scheme is efficient for simulating microwave tomography systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 250–253, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20434
Brain development in autism: Early overgrowth followed by premature arrest of growth
Authors: Courchesne Eric 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDue to the relatively late age of clinical diagnosis of autism, the early brain pathology of children with autism has remained largely unstudied. The increased use of retrospective measures such as head circumference, along with a surge of MRI studies of toddlers with autism, have opened a whole new area of research and discovery. Recent studies have now shown that abnormal brain overgrowth occurs during the first 2 years of life in children with autism. By 2–4 years of age, the most deviant overgrowth is in cerebral, cerebellar, and limbic structures that underlie higher‐order cognitive, social, emotional, and language functions. Excessive growth is followed by abnormally slow or arrested growth. Deviant brain growth in autism occurs at the very time when the formation of cerebral circuitry is at its most exuberant and vulnerable stage, and it may signal disruption of this process of circuit formation. The resulting aberrant connectivity and dysfunction may lead to the development of autistic behaviors. To discover the causes, neural substrates, early‐warning signs and effective treatments of autism, future research should focus on elucidating the neurobiological defects that underlie brain growth abnormalities in autism that appear during these critical first years of life. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:106–111. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonin in autism and pediatric epilepsies
Authors: Chugani Diane C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractSerotonergic abnormalities have been reported in both autism and epilepsy. This association may provide insights into underlying mechanisms of these disorders because serotonin plays an important neurotrophic role during brain development—and there is evidence for abnormal cortical development in both autism and some forms of epilepsy. This review explores the hypothesis that an early disturbance in the serotonin system affects cortical development and the development of thalamocortical innervation, and is a potential mechanism, common to autism and pediatric epilepsies associated with cortical dysplasia. An argument is made that cortical malformation leads to abnormalities of thalamocortical connectivity, and that serotonin plays a critical role in this process. Finally, a role for altered metabolism of the serotonin precursur, tryptophan, in both epilepsy and autism is discussed. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:112–116. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AEDs and psychotropic drugs in children with autism and epilepsy
Authors: Tuchman Roberto 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and psychotropic medications in children with autism is limited to the treatment of seizures or to specific behaviors such as irritability, impulsivity, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, or aggression. The reliability and value of the available data—to determine the efficacy of these medications in autism—are limited by lack of controlled clinical trials, the small number of subjects, the heterogeneity of the population studied, and the brief duration of most drug trials. Indeed, few controlled clinical trials using AEDs in autism, with or without seizures, have been conducted. Because some AEDs also have a positive effect on mood, the benefits that children with autism sometimes obtain from these medications may not be due to the treatment of the abnormal electrical activity or the seizures per se but to an effect on common neuronal systems responsible for both behavior and epilepsy. The relationship between epilepsy and autism, and specifically the effects that abnormal electrical activity may have on the developing brain, may provide some valuable insights into the type of studies that are needed to help us understand the pathophysiology of autism. MRDD Research Reviews 2004;10:135–138. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dermatomyositis‐like syndrome and HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) intake
Authors: Vasconcelos Olavo M. , Campbell William W. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractA patient developed an adult‐onset dermatomyositis‐like syndrome characterized by skin rash and progressive proximal muscle weakness concurrent with the intake of simvastatin. Despite discontinuation of the statin, symptoms progressed and required conventional steroid therapy for remission. The association between statins and the development of a musculocutaneous syndrome closely resembling dermatomyositis in susceptible subjects is poorly understood and has been reported rarely. The purpose of this report is to provide additional support for this pathological association. Since the population receiving statins is large and rapidly growing, caregivers are urged to be alert regarding the early recognition and proper care of the spectrum of neuromuscular complications linked to statin intake. Muscle Nerve, 2004
Tissue oxygenation in sepsis; new insights from in vivo EPR
Authors: James Philip E. , Thomas Matthew P. , Jackson Simon K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a key mediator in the maldistribution of oxygen by tissue and organ dysfunction observed in sepsis. Despite this, few techniques are capable of measuring these parameters directly in vivo. We describe here several techniques that have been developed by our group to address this directly by in vivo EPR in animal models of sepsis. Oxygen‐sensitive materials can be implanted or administered and report on local tissue pO2. Spin trapping of NO can simultaneously report on tissue NO content. Repeat measures of these parameters can be made directly from a defined tissue site, allowing development of new models and experiments to study the defects in tissue and organ function seen in sepsis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical applications of EPR: overview and perspectives
Authors: Swartz Harold M. , Khan Nadeem , Buckey Jay , Comi Richard , Gould Lisa , Grinberg Oleg , Hartford Alan , Hopf Harriet , Hou Huagang , Hug Eugen , Iwasaki Akinori , Lesniewski Piotr , Salikhov Ildar , Walczak Tadeusz 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe development and use of in vivo techniques for strictly experimental applications in animals has been very successful, and these results now have made possible some very attractive potential clinical applications. The area with the most obvious immediate, effective and widespread clinical use is oximetry, where EPR almost uniquely can make repeated and accurate measurements of pO2 in tissues. Such measurements can provide clinicians with information that can impact directly on diagnosis and therapy, especially for oncology, peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. The other area of immediate and timely importance is the unique ability of in vivo EPR to measure clinically significant exposures to ionizing radiation ‘after‐the‐fact’, such as may occur due to accidents, terrorism or nuclear war. There are a number of other capabilities of in vivo EPR that also potentially could become extensively used in human subjects. In pharmacology the unique capabilities of in vivo EPR to detect and characterize free radicals could be applied to measure free radical intermediates from drugs and oxidative process. A closely related area of potential widespread applications is the use of EPR to measure nitric oxide. These often unique capabilities, combined with the sensitivity of EPR spectra to the immediate environment (e.g. pH, molecular motion, charge) have already resulted in some very productive applications in animals and these are likely to expand substantially in the near future. They should provide a continually developing base for extending clinical uses of in vivo EPR. The challenges for achieving full implementation include adapting the spectrometer for safe and comfortable measurements in human subjects, achieving sufficient sensitivity for measurements at the sites of the pathophysiological processes that are being measured, and establishing a consensus on the clinical value of the measurements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formal specification of SNMPv3 entities using action semantics
Authors: Duarte Jr. Elias P. , Musicante Martin A. , Furlan Diógenes Cogo 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis work presents a formal description of the structure and behaviour of SNMPv3 entities. IETF documents describe the semantics of the Simple Network Management Protocol version 3 in an almost completely informal way. Our formal description is given using action semantics, a completely formal yet verbose framework for the specification of programming concepts. The purpose of our description is to specify management entities without ambiguities, contributing to a better understanding of the NMPv3 framework that may lead to automatic implementation and verification of agents and manager applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy conserving and dissipative time finite element schemes for N‐body stiff problems
Authors: Bui Q. V. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPetrov–Galerkin finite element method is adopted to develop a family of temporal integrators, which preserves the feature of energy conservation or numerical dissipation for non‐linear N‐body dynamical systems. This leads to an enhancement of numerical stability and the integrators may therefore offer some advantage for the numerical solution of stiff systems in long‐term simulations. Dynamically tuneable numerical integration is exploited to improve the accuracy of the time‐stepping schemes. Representative simulations for simple non‐linear systems show the performance of the schemes in controlling over or damping out unresolved high frequencies. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compression of time‐generated matrices in two‐dimensional time‐domain elastodynamic BEM analysis
Authors: Soares D. , Mansur W. J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis paper describes a new scheme to improve the efficiency of time‐domain BEM algorithms. The discussion is focused on the two‐dimensional elastodynamic formulation, however, the ideas presented apply equally to any step‐by‐step convolution based algorithm whose kernels decay with time increase. The algorithm presented interpolates the time‐domain matrices generated along the time‐stepping process, for time‐steps sufficiently far from the current time. Two interpolation procedures are considered here (a large number of alternative approaches is possible): Chebyshev–Lagrange polynomials and linear. A criterion to indicate the discrete time at which interpolation should start is proposed. Two numerical examples and conclusions are presented at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing cross‐border cooperation between voluntary organizations in Ireland
Authors: Birrell Derek , Hayes Amanda 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe voluntary nonprofit sector in Ireland has grown significantly in recent years. A related trend has been the growth of cross‐border (in effect, transnational) cooperation between voluntary organizations based in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. However, this development has posed a set of management issues in terms of structure, forms of governance and decision making, day‐to‐day project management, and sustainability. Cross‐border work has also meant that voluntary bodies confront a distinctive set of barriers in relation to political and ethnic conflict, social and cultural attitudes, and practical delivery. Strengthening of cooperation across borders will require greater planning, mainstream funding, focused management, diversification of services, and realistic expectations.
Leader‐member exchanges and board performance of voluntary sport organizations
Authors: Hoye Russell 
Published: September 2004

AbstractUsing leader‐member exchange theory developed by Dansereau, Graen, and Haga (1975), this chapter analyzes the dyadic relationship between leaders (board chairs and paid executives) and members (volunteer board members) within the boards of Australian voluntary sport organizations. The chapter specifically examines the quality of leader‐member exchanges that exist within a sample of thirty‐four Queensland State Sporting Organizations and their relationship with board performance. It was found that board chairs and executives perceived the quality of their leader‐member exchanges to be higher than their respective relationships with board members, and that higher‐quality leader‐member exchanges among all three possible pairings of executives, board chairs, and board members were positively related to higher levels of board performance. The chapter discusses implications and directions for further research into leader‐member exchanges within voluntary sports organizations.
Building a profile of Missouri CSBG community action agencies: Capacities, coping strategies, and the new public management
Authors: Bishop Sheilah Watson 
Published: September 2004

AbstractGiven the current environment of devolution, welfare reform, and fiscal retrenchment, this study examines the role of local nonprofit entities, called Community Action Agencies, operating under the auspices of the Community Services Block Grant program. Survey results indicate that despite an increase in working poor requiring CSBG services, staffs have been able to cope with increased demands. Community Action Agencies have been able to keep pace with increasing client demands by means of a variety of measures, including fund leveraging, resource competition, and relationship building. Accountability concerns and business‐oriented practices also were found to be a high priority of these agencies.
Health‐related quality of life in elderly chinese patients with heart failure
Authors: Yu Doris S.F. , Lee Diana T.F. , Woo Jean 
Published: September 2004

AbstractHeart failure (HF) has a profound impact on patients' health‐related quality of life (HRQL). Little is known about factors relating to HRQL in elderly Chinese HF patients. The objective of this cross‐sectional correlational study was to identify the demographic, psychosocial, and clinical factors associated with HRQL in this group of patients. Cross‐sectional data were obtained from a consecutive sample of hospitalized HF patients (n = 227) with measures of HRQL, psychological distress, perceived social support, and health perception. Functional status was measured with the New York Heart Association Classification (NYHA). In stepwise regression analysis, four variables, including psychological distress, health perception, NYHA classification, and educational level explained 51.8% (p = .01) of the variance in HRQL. These findings suggest that improving HRQL of HF patients entails improving their psychological status, functional status, and health perception. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:332–344, 2004
Racial/ethnic variations in non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Dominick Kelli L. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Jeffreys Amy S. , Grambow Steven C. , Oddone Eugene Z. , Horner Ronnie D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPurposeNon‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). While there are documented racial differences in the use of opioid analgesics, little is known about racial differences in the use of NSAIDs.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study among a national sample of 6038 veterans with OA. Patients were new NSAID users, followed for approximately 6 months. Primary outcomes included: type of NSAID prescribed (COX‐2 selective or preferentially COX‐2 selective NSAIDs vs other NSAIDs), days' supply of initial prescription and time to discontinuation of the index NSAID.ResultsIn an analysis adjusted for demographic and gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding risk factors (age, sex, geographic region, history of GI bleeding, comorbid illnesses, use of anti‐coagulants and glucocorticoids), Hispanics were less likely than whites to be prescribed an NSAID with some degree of COX‐2 selectivity (odds ratio (OR): 0.47, p < 0.01). The days' supply of the initial prescription was lower for both blacks and Hispanics compared to whites (mean: 38, 31 and 43 days respectively, p < 0.01). In an analysis adjusted for demographics, GI bleeding risk factors and type of NSAID prescribed, blacks discontinued use of the index NSAID earlier than whites (hazard ratio = 1.19, p < 0.001) and there was a similar trend for Hispanics.ConclusionMinorities with OA were prescribed NSAIDs with less COX‐2 selectivity and lower days' supply than whites. Further research should address underlying reasons and whether these differences impact outcomes such as pain control, side effects and cost‐effectiveness of care. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.