bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Artificial Neural Networks and Adaptive Neuro‐Fuzzy Inference Systems for Attenuating Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Sensor Accuracy
Authors: Tongpadungrod Pensiri , Laosuwan Saisunee , Moore Elvin J. , Phalakornkule Chantaraporn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe novelty of this work is the correction of measurement errors in a galvanic cell sensor, which might occur due to temperature and humidity variations, using artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The training process for the ANN and ANFIS employed 540 data sets consisting of voltage responses of the galvanic cell to known oxygen concentrations, temperatures, and relative humidities. The trained ANFIS was embedded within a central processing unit (CPU) and tested on another 144 data sets with various oxygen concentrations, temperatures, and relative humidities. The deviations for the sensor with ANFIS were less than 0.5 % for 109 data points (75 %), and there was no deviation greater than 2.5 %.
Ferrocene‐Peptide Conjugate for the Detection and Quantification of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Shao Tsuimy , Wang Junyan , Noroozifar Meissam , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFerrocene (Fc) is a widely used metallocene, with well‐characterized redox behaviour that is vastly used in a variety of applications. Ferrocene‐coupling to peptides renders the resulting bioorganometallic peptide conjugate redox active and sensitive to changes in the chemical environment. The disulfide‐linked ferrocene peptide conjugate (FcCO‐Phe‐Cys‐OH)2 was synthesized and characterized by NMR, MS, and FT‐IR spectroscopies and then exploited for the detection of ascorbic acid. Here we demonstrate that the Cu(II) complex of this peptide conjugate allows the detection of ascorbic acid with a limit of detection of 0.02 μM with a linear range of 0.1–25 μM. This is the first report of the use of a peptide metal complex for direct modification of a glass carbon electrode and its application for ascorbic acid detection and quantification, including in commercial beverages. The modified GCE exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and sensitivity.
Defect‐Induced Raman Scattering in Cu2O Nanostructures and Their Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Valvo Mario , Thyr Jakob , Edvinsson Tomas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes using photogenerated charges in semiconductors constitute an approach to reduce and oxidize pollutants, with an efficiency that depends on the photo physics and defect chemistry of the photocatalyst. In this study, 2D Cu2O coatings on flat copper metal and on 3D copper nanopillars are created via low‐temperature oxidation and compared. The structures are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The thickest surface oxide layers on the 3D structures show outgrowth of high‐aspect ratio CuO nano‐needles through the Cu2O layer, rationalized through a field‐induced copper ion diffusion mechanism. Raman scattering provides details about both the specific copper oxide phase present and the type and extent of defects, with a resolution spanning from hundreds of nanometers to micrometers. We show that defects in Cu2O induce Raman activity in several of its modes that are purely IR‐active or optically silent in pristine Cu2O. The experimental results are corroborated by linear response density functional theory (DFT) calculations for full vibrational mode analysis. The Cu‐supported 2D copper oxide systems exhibit effective photocatalytic performance at quite low probe pollution concentration (10 μM), while the 3D nanopillar structures enhance the photocatalytic efficiency by around 30 % compared to their planar counterpart under these conditions.
Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells Based on the Efficient Interaction between Pb2+ and Cyano Groups of 4‐Aminophthalonitrile
Authors: Duan Hairui , Lin Zhichao , Xu Xiangning , Song Qili , Dong Hongye , Gao Xiaowen , Mu Cheng , Ouyang Xinhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDefects present on the top surface of perovskite films have a pronounced detrimental impact on the photovoltaic performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Consequently, the development of effective defect passivation strategies has become key in enhancing both the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. In this study, a small molecule material, 4‐Aminophthalonitrile (4‐APN), was introduced as a means to mitigate surface defects within perovskite films. Obviously, 4‐APN effectively passivates the defects at grain boundaries by combining cyano groups (−C≡N) with Pb2+, significantly reducing the density of defect states, inhibiting non‐radiative recombination at the interface, and promoting the charge transfer efficiency from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer. The 4‐APN modification led to a significant upswing in the PCE, while concurrently bolstering the overall device stability. Importantly, the devices on 4‐APN as passivation additive exhibited negligible performance degradation aging for 1200 h.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals at Chiral‐Encoded Metal Surfaces
Authors: Somsri Supattra , Suwankaisorn Banyong , Yomthong Krissanapat , Srisuwanno Wanmai , Klinyod Sorasak , Kuhn Alexander , Wattanakit Chularat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Chularat Wattanakit and Alexander Kuhn at the Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology and the University of Bordeaux. The two tunnels in the image illustrate the entrance into a porous heterogeneous catalyst for the stereoselective transformation of adrenalone into the desired epinephrine stereoisomer. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202302054.
Mass transfer in emulsion polymerization: An experimental and modelling study
Authors: Gelinski Estela Kamile , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA model is proposed to describe the impact of interphase monomer transfer on the emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF). The model is validated with experimental data of the rate of polymerization and particle size distribution (PSD). During a typical emulsion polymerization process, the VDF monomer is in a gas or supercritical state, and thus much lighter than the aqueous phase in which the polymerization takes place. For this reason, the flux of monomer into the aqueous phase can depend on the type, number, and distribution of agitators on the shaft, as well as the rotation rate. The new model incorporates the interphase mass transfer coefficient into a standard emulsion polymerization model to demonstrate the impact of the agitation (in the broadest sense) on the rate of polymerization and the PSD.
Redox reactions with and at liquid metals
Authors: Handschuh‐Wang Stephan , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden neue Experimente zu Redoxreaktionen an der Oberfläche von Flüssigmetalle vorgestellt, wobei das Flüssigmetall entweder als Reduktionsmittel oder als Reaktionsumgebung Verwendung findet. Daher werden hier die Themenfelder „Redoxreaktionen“ sowie „Standardpotentiale“ und „Metallurgie“ miteinander verknüpft. Die Versuche bestechen durch ihren einfachen Aufbau, einfach Handhabbarkeit, da keine gefährlichen Chemikalien verwendet werden, den schnellen visuellen und einprägsamen Zugang zu Redoxreaktionen und die Wiederverwendbarkeit des Flüssigmetalls (Galinstan).
Troponin level at presentation as a prognostic factor among patients presenting with non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Loutati Ranel , Perel Nimrod , Bruoha Sharon , Taha Louay , Tabi Meir , Marmor David , Amsalem Itshak , Hitter Rafael , Manassra Mohammed , Hamayel Kamal , Karameh Hani , Tommer Maller  , Steinmetz Yoed , Karmi Mohammad , Shuvy Mony , Glikson Michael , Asher Elad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTimely reperfusion within 120 min is strongly recommended in patients presenting with non‐ST‐segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) with very high‐risk features. Evidence regarding the use of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) concentration upon admission for the risk‐stratification of patients presenting with NSTEMI to expedite percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thus potentially improve outcomes is limited.MethodsAll patients admitted to a tertiary care center ICCU between July 2019 and July 2022 were included. Hs‐cTnI levels on presentaion were recorded, dividing patients into quartiles based on baseline hs‐cTnI. Association between initial hs‐cTnI and all‐cause mortality during up to 3 years of follow‐up was studied.ResultsA total of 544 NSTEMI patients with a median age of 67 were included. Hs‐cTnI levels in each quartile were: (a) ≤122, (b) 123–680, (c) 681–2877, and (d) ≥2878 ng/L. There was no difference between the initial hs‐cTnI level groups regarding age and comorbidities. A higher mortality rate was observed in the highest hs‐cTnI quartile as compared with the lowest hs‐cTnI quartile (16.2% vs. 7.35%, p = .03) with hazard ratio (HR) for mortality of 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–5.4; p = .012) in the unadjusted model, and HR of 2.06 (95% CI: 1.01–4.79; p = .047) with adjustment for age, gender, serum creatinine, and significant comorbidities.ConclusionsPatients with NSTEMI and higher hs‐cTnI levels upon admission faced elevated mortality risk. This underscores the need for further prospective investigations into early reperfusion strategies' impact on NSTEMI patients' mortality, based on admission troponin elevation.
Synthesis of Oxazolones with Extended Conjugation and Evaluation of their Linear and Nonlinear Optical Photochemistry
Authors: García Ángel L. , Bravo Melissa , Orozco‐Barrera Diego , Jara‐Cortés Jesús , Peon Jorge , Rivero Ignacio A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOxazolones or azlactones are small heterocyclic systems that can be easily functionalized with a double bond directly attached to their structure. In addition, they can be substituted on the opposite side of the heterocycle with styrenyl groups to extend their conjugation. This allows for versatile tuning of their linear and non‐linear optical properties. In this work, eight doubly substituted oxazolones including different push‐pull or pull‐pull designs were synthesized, and their linear and non‐linear photophysical properties were studied. As we show, the two‐photon activity of these systems is dependent on the donor‐acceptor pattern, where a methoxy substitution on the styrene end of the molecule and an acetyl group on the other end shows two‐photon Z‐E conversion properties with an important two photon absorption cross section of 308 GM. Most oxazolones shown in this study undergo picosecond relaxation to the electronic ground state, releasing the biphotonic energy to their surrounding environment. The results obtained in this work are indicative of potential applications of these molecules in schemes where high spatial patterning or thermalization is required.
Identifying biomass yield potential of tetra‐, hexa‐, and octoploid prairie cordgrass populations grown on marginal lands
Authors: Lee Moon‐Sub , Boyd Ryan A. , Jang Chunhwa , Lee Jung Woo , Lee Do Kyoung 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAs the demand for renewable energy sources with reduced carbon emissions to the atmosphere increases, bioenergy crops remain an attractive alternative to fossil fuels. Another appeal of bioenergy crops is the potential utilization of marginal lands not suitable for food crops. Prairie cordgrass is a perennial warm‐season polyploid grass species that is considered a bioenergy crop that also exhibits a high tolerance for salinity and flooding. The ploidy level of prairie cordgrass has previously been suggested to correlate with agronomic traits. However, little is known about the agricultural performance of prairie cordgrass on marginal lands and if a correlation of ploidy level and stress tolerance exists. In this experiment, the productivity of tetra‐, hexa‐, and octoploids was investigated when grown on three different marginal sites, including waterlogged, saline, and low‐nutrient gravelly soils. Here, we found that prairie cordgrass populations annually produced dry biomass on a wet marginal site comparable to normal cropland. However, the productivity was remarkedly decreased at both a salt‐affected site and a limestone mine reclamation site. We were unable to conclude that different ploidy levels affected the biomass yield of prairie cordgrass grown under abiotic stress. However, there was a differential response of populations to various types of marginal sites. These results indicate potential genetic resources for developing breeding targets and identifying mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, we highlight the need to generate diverse ploidy levels of prairie cordgrass in the same genetic backgrounds for future testing.
Expanding the availability of soybean oil for renewable diesel with a high oil–low protein cultivar
Authors: Egli Dennis B. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is imperative that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decrease rapidly to limit global warming and prevent catastrophic climate change. Renewable diesel fuel, made from vegetable oil, is playing an increasingly important role in reducing emissions in the transportation sector that is hard to electrify (long‐haul trucking, shipping, and aviation). Increasing the use of renewable diesel made from soybean oil will increase the competition for crop land between food and fuel. This conflict could be reduced by the development of a high‐yielding soybean cultivar producing seeds containing very high oil and very low protein concentrations. The well‐known inverse relationships between oil and protein concentrations and protein concentration and yield suggest that development of such a cultivar is possible. A high oil–low protein, high yielding cultivar dedicated to oil production would produce substantially more oil per unit area and reduce the food/fuel conflict.
Educators engaged in curriculum work: Encounters with relationally responsive curriculum practices
Authors: Vass Greg , Coombs David , Woods Annette , Lowe Kevin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Culturally Nourishing Schooling (CNS) project is focused on whole‐of‐learning community efforts that aim to improve the educational experiences and achievements of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander learners. The project supports school‐based professional learning strategies, broad school or system‐level initiatives and deep engagement with local community, including students and their families. One of the professional learning strategies in the project is a 2‐day intensive curriculum‐focused workshop, which ran for the first time in 2021 within urban, regional, and remote school settings across New South Wales, Australia. The first day of the curriculum workshop introduces teachers and local Cultural Mentors to three analytic frameworks that they utilise to appraise curriculum resources available in the public domain. The curriculum resources appraised are all examples of curriculum designed to support educators with embedding an Indigenous knowledges focused National Cross‐Curriculum Priority into their curriculum. On the second day of the workshop, teachers are tasked with appraising and revising a curriculum unit of work that they or colleagues have planned for the upcoming teaching semester. The curriculum workshop culminates with the revised teaching and learning resources being presented to the full group of workshop participants, and subsequently each teacher is asked to write a reflection about the curriculum work that they have engaged in. For this paper, data analysis draws on ‘three sensibilities’ that invite enacting a form of onto‐epistemic heterogeneity. These sensibilities are multiplicity, horizontality and dialogicality. This analytic undertaking simultaneously explores the entanglements, and grapples with the possibilities, of re‐imagining curriculum and related pedagogical practices that seek to ‘delink from the colonial matrices of power’.
Specific CaMKIIs mediate convergent extension cell movements in early zebrafish development
Authors: McLeod Jamie J. , Rothschild Sarah C. , Francescatto Ludmila , Kim Haerin , Tombes Robert M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNoncanonical Wnts are morphogens that can elevate intracellular Ca2+, activate the Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase, CaMKII, and promote cell movements during vertebrate gastrulation.ResultsZebrafish express seven CaMKII genes during embryogenesis; two of these, camk2b1 and camk2g1, are necessary for convergent extension (CE) cell movements. CaMKII morphant phenotypes were observed as early as epiboly. At the 1–3 somite stage, neuroectoderm and paraxial cells remained unconverged in both morphants. Later, somites lacked their stereotypical shape and were wider, more closely spaced, and body gap angles increased. At 24hpf, somite compression and notochord undulation coincided with a shorter and broader body axis. A camk2b1 crispant was generated which phenocopied the camk2b1 morphant. The levels of cell proliferation, apoptosis and paraxial and neuroectodermal markers were unchanged in morphants. Hyperactivation of CaMKII during gastrulation by transient pharmacological intervention (thapsigargin) also caused CE defects. Mosaically expressed dominant‐negative CaMKII recapitulated these phenotypes and showed significant midline bifurcation. Finally, the introduction of CaMKII partially rescued Wnt11 morphant phenotypes.ConclusionsOverall, these data support a model whereby cyclically activated CaMKII encoded from two genes enables cell migration during the process of CE.
Exploring the endangerment mechanisms of Hipposideros pomona based on molecular phylogeographic methods
Authors: Liu Wei , Hao Yan , Song Xinhang , Ma Liqun , Li Jing , He Jingying , Bu Yanzhen , Niu Hongxing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe endangerment mechanisms of various species are a focus of studies on biodiversity and conservation biology. Hipposideros pomona is an endangered species, but the reasons behind its endangerment remain unclear. We investigated the endangerment mechanisms of H. pomona using mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and microsatellite loci markers. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity of mitochondria DNA and heterozygosity of microsatellite markers were high (π = 0.04615, HO = 0.7115), whereas the nucleotide diversity of the nuclear genes was low (THY: π = 0.00508, SORBS2: π = 0.00677, ACOX2: π = 0.00462, COPS7A: π = 0.00679). The phylogenetic tree and median‐joining network based on mitochondrial DNA sequences clustered the species into three clades, namely North Vietnam‐Fujian, Myanmar‐West Yunnan, and Laos‐Hainan clades. However, joint analysis of nuclear genes did not exhibit clustering. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a strong population genetic structure; IMa2 analysis did not reveal significant gene flow between all groups (p > .05), and isolation‐by‐distance analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances (p < .05). The mismatch distribution analysis, neutral test, and Bayesian skyline plots revealed that the H. pomona population were relatively stable and exhibited a contraction trend. The results implied that H. pomona exhibits female philopatry and male‐biased dispersal. The Hengduan Mountains could have acted as a geographical barrier for gene flow between the North Vietnam‐Fujian clade and the Myanmar‐West Yunnan clade, whereas the Qiongzhou Strait may have limited interaction between the Hainan populations and other clades. The warm climate during the second interglacial Quaternary period (c. 0.33 Mya) could have been responsible for species differentiation, whereas the cold climate during the late Quaternary last glacial maximum (c. 10 ka BP) might have caused the overall contraction of species. The lack of significant gene flow in nuclear microsatellite loci markers among the different populations investigated reflects recent habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic activities; thus, on‐site conservation of the species and restoration of gene flow corridors among populations need immediate implementation.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Bromoisocoumarins through Brominative Annulation of 2‐Alkynylaryloate Esters Using In Situ Generated Transient Bromoiodane
Authors: Sodoor Mohammad , Selvakumar Sermadurai 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a facile and proficient protocol for the synthesis of 4‐bromoisocoumarins through brominative annulation of 2‐alkynylaryloate esters with in situ generated bromoiodane using a simple hypervalent iodine reagent as mild oxidant and potassium bromide as the halogen source. Using this method, a broad range of valuable halogenated isocoumarins can be obtained in excellent yields at room temperature. Also, this reaction takes place in the absence of any metal catalyst and exhibits high functional group tolerance. Besides, the reaction can also be extended to the gram scale, and a catalytic approach was also demonstrated. Additionally, the prepared 4‐bromoisocoumarins were further transformed into important synthetic compounds.
Dynamics of run‐off hydraulic characteristics during gully headcut erosion driven by head height
Authors: Tang Qiuyue , Liao Dalan , Lin Zhe , He Ling , Wei Jiangxing , Duan Xiaoqian , Deng Yusong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the granitic red soil hills region of South China, gully headcut erosion is considered one of the main processes in the development of gullies. However, the dynamics of run‐off hydraulic characteristics such as hydrodynamics and energy consumption during erosion have not been clarified. We investigated the effects of five headcut heights (25 to 125 cm) on hydrodynamic and energy consumption characteristics using field in situ water discharge scouring experiments. The results demonstrated that the flow velocity (V), Froude number (Fr), Reynolds number (Re), run‐off shear (τ) and run‐off power (ω) all indicate the upstream area (UA) > gully bed (GB). Except for V and Fr, several other hydraulic parameters exhibited a trend of sandy soil layer > red soil layer, and a fluctuating increase with increasing headcut height was observed in the GB. The jet velocity at the edge of the headcut (Vb), jet shear stress (τj), potential energy conversion (∆EP) and bottoming instantaneous kinetic energy (EKbottom) all increased exponentially with increasing headcut height by factors of 1.10 to 1.37, 1.16 to 2.00, 1.07 to 2.06 and 1.22 to 1.86, respectively. Except for ∆EP, all others performed a trend of sandy soil layer > red soil layer. The energy consumption at the gully head (∆EH) and its contribution tended to significantly increase with increasing headcut height, and the ∆EH of sandy soil layer was 13.20% to 49.89% higher than that of red soil layer. When the headcut height was greater than 100 cm, the contribution of energy consumption exceeded 50%. In addition, the sediment deposition process throughout the system was significantly influenced by the hydraulic and jet characteristics, and energy consumption was positively correlated with soil loss. The study results contribute to a profound understanding of gully headcut erosion and its hydrodynamic mechanisms.