bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apache Point Observatory (APO)/SMARTS Flare Star Campaign Observations. I. Blue Wing Asymmetries in Chromospheric Lines during Mid-M-Dwarf Flares from Simultaneous Spectroscopic and Photometric Observation Data
Authors: Notsu Yuta , Kowalski Adam F. , Maehara Hiroyuki , Namekata Kosuke , Hamaguchi Kenji , Enoto Teruaki , Tristan Isaiah I. , Hawley Suzanne L. , Davenport James R. A. , Honda Satoshi , Ikuta Kai , Inoue Shun , Namizaki Keiichi , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We conducted the time-resolved simultaneous optical spectroscopic and photometric observations of mid-M-dwarf flare stars YZ CMi, EV Lac, and AD Leo. Spectroscopic observations were obtained using Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m and Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System 1.5 m telescopes during 31 nights. Among the 41 detected flares, seven flares showed clear blue wing asymmetries in the Hα line, with various correspondences in flare properties. The duration of the blue wing asymmetries range from 20 minutes to 2.5 hr, including a flare showing the shift from blue to red wing asymmetry. Blue wing asymmetries can be observed during both white-light and candidate non-white-light flares. All of the seven flares showed blue wing asymmetries also in the Hβ line, but there are large varieties on which other chromospheric lines showed blue wing asymmetries. One among the 7 flares was also observed with soft X-ray spectroscopy, which enabled us to estimate the flare magnetic field and length of the flare loop. The line-of-sight velocities of the blueshifted components range from –73 to –122 km s−1. Assuming that the blueshifts were caused by prominence eruptions, the mass of upward-moving plasma was estimated to be 1015–1019 g, which are roughly on the relation between flare energy and erupting mass expected from solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Although further investigations are necessary for understanding the observed various properties, these possible prominence eruptions on M-dwarfs could evolve into CMEs, assuming the similar acceleration mechanism with solar eruptions.
An Updated Modular Set of Synthetic Spectral Energy Distributions for Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Richardson Theo , Ginsburg Adam , Indebetouw Rémy , Robitaille Thomas P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Measured properties of young stellar objects (YSOs) are key tools for research into pre-main-sequence stellar evolution. YSO properties are commonly measured by comparing observed radiation to existing grids of template YSO spectral energy distributions (SEDs) calculated by radiative transfer. These grids are often sampled and constructed using simple models of mass assembly/accretion over time. However, because we do not yet have a complete theory of star formation, the choice of model sets the tracked parameters and range of allowed values. By construction, then, the assumed model limits the measurements that can be made using the grid. Radiative transfer models not constrained by specific accretion histories would enable assessment of a wider range of theories. We present an updated version of the Robitaille set (2017) of YSO SEDs, a collection of models with no assumed evolutionary theory. We outline our newly calculated properties: envelope mass, weighted-average dust temperature, disk stability, and circumstellar A
V. We also convolve the SEDs with new filters, including JWST, and provide users the ability to perform additional convolutions. We find a correlation between the average temperature and millimeter-wavelength brightness of optically thin dust in our models and discuss its ramifications for mass measurements of pre- and protostellar cores. We also compare the positions of YSOs of different observational classes and evolutionary stages in IR color space and use our models to quantify the extent to which class and stage may be confused due to observational effects. Our updated models are released to the public.
JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph (MRS) Observations and Spectral Models of the Underluminous Type Ia Supernova 2022xkq
Authors: DerKacy J. M. , Ashall C. , Hoeflich P. , Baron E. , Shahbandeh M. , Shappee B. J. , Andrews J. , Baade D. , Balangan E. F , Bostroem K. A. , Brown P. J. , Burns C. R. , Burrow A. , Cikota A. , de Jaeger T. , Do A. , Dong Y. , Dominguez I. , Fox O. , Galbany L. , Hoang E. T. , Hsiao E. Y. , Janzen D. , Jencson J. E. , Krisciunas K. , Kumar S. , Lu J. , Lundquist M. , Mera Evans T. B. , Maund J. R. , Mazzali P. , Medler K. , Meza Retamal N. E. , Morrell N. , Patat F. , Pearson J. , Phillips M. M. , Shrestha M. , Stangl S. , Stevens C. P. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Telesco C. M. , Tucker M. A. , Valenti S. , Wang L. , Yang Y. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe present a JWST mid-infrared (MIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2022xkq, obtained with the medium-resolution spectrometer on the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) ∼130 days post-explosion. We identify the first MIR lines beyond 14μm in SN Ia observations. We find features unique to underluminous SNe Ia, including the following: isolated emission of stable Ni, strong blends of [Tiii], and large ratios of singly ionized to doubly ionized species in both [Ar] and [Co]. Comparisons to normal-luminosity SNe Ia spectra at similar phases show a tentative trend between the width of the [Coiii] 11.888μm feature and the SN light-curve shape. Using non-LTE-multi-dimensional radiation hydro simulations and the observed electron capture elements, we constrain the mass of the exploding WD. The best-fitting model shows that SN 2022xkq is consistent with an off-center delayed-detonation explosion of a near-Chandrasekhar mass WD (MWD≈1.37M⊙) of high central density (ρc≥ 2.0 × 109g cm−3) seen equator-on, which producedM(56Ni) =0.324M⊙andM(58Ni) ≥0.06M⊙. The observed line widths are consistent with the overall abundance distribution; and the narrow stable Ni lines indicate little to no mixing in the central regions, favoring central ignition of subsonic carbon burning followed by an off-center deflagration-to-detonation transition beginning at a single point. Additional observations may further constrain the physics revealing the presence of additional species including Cr and Mn. Our work demonstrates the power of using the full coverage of MIRI in combination with detailed modeling to elucidate the physics of SNe Ia at a level not previously possible.
Toward the IR Detection of Carbonic Acid: Absorption and Emission Spectra
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Esposito Vincent J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the recent radioastronomical detection of cis-trans-carbonic acid (H2CO3) in a molecular cloud toward the Galactic center, the more stable but currently unobserved cis-cis conformer is shown here to have strong IR features. While the higher-energy cis-trans-carbonic acid was detected at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths, owing to its larger dipole moment, the vibrational structure of cis-cis-carbonic acid is more amenable to its observation at micron wavelengths. Even so, both conformers have relatively large IR intensities, and some of these fall in regions not dominated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Water features may inhibit observation near the 2.75 μm hydride stretches, but other vibrational fundamentals and even overtones in the 5.5–6.0 μm range may be discernible with JWST data. This work has employed high-level, accurately benchmarked quantum chemical anharmonic procedures to compute exceptionally accurate rotational spectroscopic data compared to experiment. Such performance implies that the IR absorption and even cascade emission spectral features computed in this work should be accurate and will provide the needed reference for observation of either carbonic acid conformer in various astronomical environments.
What is the Reynolds Number of the Solar Wind?
Authors: Wrench Daniel , Parashar Tulasi N. , Oughton Sean , de Lange Kevin , Frean Marcus 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Reynolds number, Re, is an important quantity for describing a turbulent flow. It tells us about the bandwidth over which energy can cascade from large scales to smaller ones, prior to the onset of dissipation. However, calculating it for nearly collisionless plasmas like the solar wind is challenging. Previous studies have used formulations of an “effective” Reynolds number, expressing Re as a function of the correlation scale and either the Taylor scale or a proxy for the dissipation scale. We find that the Taylor scale definition of the Reynolds number has a sizable prefactor of approximately 27, which has not been employed in previous works. Drawing from 18 years of data from the Wind spacecraft at 1 au, we calculate the magnetic Taylor scale directly and use both the ion inertial length and the magnetic spectrum break scale as approximations for the dissipation scale, yielding three distinct Re estimates for each 12 hr interval. Average values of Re range between 116,000 and 3,406,000 within the general distribution of past work. We also find considerable disagreement between the methods, with linear associations of between 0.38 and 0.72. Although the Taylor scale method is arguably more physically motivated, due to its dependence on the energy cascade rate, more theoretical work is needed in order to identify the most appropriate way of calculating effective Reynolds numbers for kinetic plasmas. As a summary of our observational analysis, we make available a data product of 28 years of 1 au solar wind and magnetospheric plasma measurements from Wind.
Preparation and evaluation of biological activity of ZSM-5 nanoparticles loaded with gefitinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Al-Sahlawi Farah , Al-Ani Israa , El-Tanani Mohamed , Farooq Hafiz Aadil 
Published: January 2024

Background: Gefitinib (GEF) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has proven good efficacy against Non-small cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC). It has low solubility and dissolution rate and low oral bioavailability. This work aimed to improve efficacy by loading on ZSM-5 silica nanoparticles and testing the prepared delivery system on A-549 lung cancer cells.
Methods: ZSM-5 was synthesized in the laboratory and different methods of loading GEF on the nanoparticles were used, then the system was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transport Infra-Red (FTIR), and drug release and dissolution.
Results and conclusion: GEF-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) showed prolonged release of GEF over 12 hours with an improved biological efficacy expressed by the decrease in IC50 compared to free GEF (P &lt; 0.001) using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also, there was a significant decrease in migration and colony formation ability of the GEF-loaded NPs on A-549 lung cancer cells. In conclusion, loading GEF onto ZSM-5 NPs resulted in a lower IC50 and improved biological action toward A-549 cells.
Validating the Critical Teaching Behaviors Midterm Feedback Instrument for enhanced teaching effectiveness and student engagement
Authors: Happel Claudia Cornejo , Rohrbacher Chad , Cooks Teha , Korentsides Jenna , Keebler Joseph R. , Van Ommen Carmen , Williams Kimberly N. , Barbeau Lauren 
Published: January 2024

This study, conducted at a private STEM university in the Southeastern United States, presents a series of qualitative and quantitative data validating the Critical Teaching Behaviors Midterm Feedback Instrument (CTB-MFI). The instrument’s validity and reliability were tested through a mixed-methods approach involving faculty surveys, statistical analyses, and a student experience survey and focus groups. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggests that the CTB-MFI model has excellent fit across multiple indicators, as well as excellent convergent validity. However, low discriminant validity indicates possible correlations between categories of critical teaching behaviors. Data further show that faculty and students perceive the instrument as valuable and easy to use: the CTB-MFI offers insightful midterm feedback, leading to improved teaching quality and student learning experiences. The CTB-MFI supports flexible use across various disciplines and provides a shared framework and language for discussing teaching effectiveness. This research offers valuable implications for educators, administrators, and researchers interested in improving learning outcomes and diversifying approaches to evaluating teaching effectiveness.
An exceptional case of a textile bag from the Atlantic 2 Late Bronze Age hoard at Hellez, Saint-Ygeaux (Côtes-d’Armor)
Authors: Fily Muriel , Mélin Muriel , Gendrot Véronique , Levillayer Axel , Bardel Véronique 
Published: January 2024

Asbtract. The Hellez metal hoard was discovered at Saint-Ygeaux, in the Côtes-d’Armor region of Brittany. The excavation of the hoard area provided a rare opportunity to make in situ observations. This article presents a detailed typological study, as well as microwear observations and a textile study. Fifty metal fragments were brought to light, some of which were still preserved in a bitronconic ceramic vessel. At the bottom of the vessel, thirteen small bronze fragments were found grouped together in a small linen bag closed with a herbaceous sprig. These objects appear to have been used as weights. Based on its composition, the hoard is clearly attributable to the Atlantic 2 Late Bronze Age (swords with tripartite tongues and grooved blades, spearheads with short sockets, massive palstave axes with no central rib). Certain typological characteristics also point to a recent phase of BFa 2, in particular the features of an almost complete sword. These observations are confirmed by the absolute dating of the vegetable fibres of the bag, in the following interval: 1056-917 cal BC.
Programmatic Efforts to Provide Progressively Autonomous Clinical Education Experiences
Authors: Carlson Brittany E. , Young Justin P. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Barrett Jessica , Eberman Lindsey E. 
Published: January 2024

Context
In previous research, athletic trainers (ATs) have identified the formal coursework and clinical experiences of their professional program as contributing to preparedness for autonomous practice. However, new graduates have reported a perceived lack of skills necessary for practicing autonomously.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate how programs provide progressively autonomous clinical education experiences and the role of these experiences in preparing future ATs.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Virtual interviews.

Patients or Other Participants
A sample of 17 program administrators (program directors = 12, coordinators of clinical education = 5) representing 16 master of science in athletic training programs participated in this study.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Each program completed a virtual interview guided by a semistructured interview protocol. A 3-person data analysis team identified emerging domains and categories through a multiphase approach. Member checking, multiple researcher triangulation, and auditing were used to establish trustworthiness.

Results
Four domains emerged from participant responses: (1) curricular design, (2) preparatory experience and outcomes, (3) preceptor role, and (4) assessments. We found that intentionality in curricular design to promote progressive autonomy was beneficial in facilitating transition to practice through improved knowledge, skills, and confidence. Due to the importance of clinical education in AT preparation, preceptors played a critical role in creating opportunities for learning in the clinical environment. However, the degree to which experiences were autonomous and the effectiveness of the student in those encounters were rarely measured. Limitations outlined by participants included accreditation and program length.

Conclusions
The development of knowledge, skills, and confidence through intentionally selected clinical experiences and guided by preceptor feedback are critical to establishing an autonomous practitioner. However, the program’s evaluations were predominantly traditional practice assessments and informal feedback, instead of an assessment of readiness for practice.
Prediction of foveal microstructure and visual outcomes following surgery for idiopathic macular hole: An assessment using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography
Authors: Pan Qintuo , Zheng Jingwei , Zhang Zhaoliang , Zhang Zongduan , Hu Xuting 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy of two novel indices, the hole closure index (HCI) and the hole healing index (HHI), in predicting both the anatomic outcome and postoperative visual acuity following surgical intervention for idiopathic macular holes.

Methods:
A total of 38 patients diagnosed with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) were included. All patients underwent standard surgical treatment, including vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and gas tamponade. Preoperative and postoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was utilized to assess the anatomical status of the macular hole (MH). The maximum distance between the tips of the external limiting membrane (ELM) was designated as the hole size (HS). HHI, calculated as the ratio of hole height to HS, and HCI, calculated as the ratio of hole height to the average of minimum diameter and base diameter, were determined. Postoperative reconstruction of ELM and ellipsoid zone (EZ) was evaluated, along with analysis of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on a logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) scale. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between anatomical outcomes, postoperative visual acuity, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for both HHI and HCI.

Results:
Regression analyses revealed significant correlations between HCI and the restoration of ELM and EZ at 6 months after surgery (P = 0.002 and P = 0.014, respectively). In addition, a significant correlation was found between HHI and postoperative BCVA better than logMAR 0.52 also at 6 months after surgery (P = 0.033). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for HCI based on ELM and EZ reconstruction was high, with values of 0.942 and 0.842, respectively. AUC for HHI, determined by ROC curve analysis of postoperative BCVA, was 0.704.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, our findings indicate that HCI may be the most accurate predictor of type 1 closure, while HHI could be considered a potential predictor of postoperative visual acuity.
Development of a risk score for myopia: A cohort study conducted among school-aged children in China
Authors: Shi Ziwei , Yang Lihua , Xu Ting , Jia Jing , Yang Song , Yang Bo , Yang Wei , Yang Changchun , Peng Yan , Gu Hong , Liu Caiping , Wei Sheng 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the myopia risk in school-aged children one year after lifting a pandemic-related lockdown and develop a tool to identify high-risk groups.

Methods:
In total, 38,079 children without myopia from 38 schools were included. The outcomes were myopia incidence and progression in 1 year after the COVID-19 lockdown was lifted, both obtained by the spherical equivalent refraction (SER). We separated the population into an exploratory (75%) and a validation sample (25%) to construct the risk score model.

Results:
In total, 9811 (29.57%) students became myopic, and the overall myopia progression was 0.22 ± 0.62 D. Even less myopia progression was noted in the pre-myopia group at baseline (All: P = 0.045, Boy: P = 0.005). The risk score model included seven predictors: gender, grade, SER at baseline, residence, parental myopia, eye discomfort symptoms, and online courses. The model had a score range of 0–46 and an optimal cutoff of 34. The area under the receiver operating curve of the model was 0.726 (0.719–0.732) for the exploratory sample and 0.731 (0.720–0.742) for the validation sample.

Conclusions:
The risk score can serve as a practical tool for classifying the risk of myopia in school-aged children.
Long-term outcomes of iris-sutured subluxated intraocular lenses
Authors: Nayman Taylor , Milad Daniel , Sebag Mikael 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of managing posterior chamber intra-ocular lens (IOL) (PCIOL) subluxation through pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with IOL iris suturing.

Settings and Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Methods:
Patients who underwent PPV with iris-sutured IOL (IS-IOL) for IOL subluxation between January 2008 and April 2021 at a tertiary center with a minimum of 6 months of follow-up were included. The patients were divided into two groups: those who had prior PPV and those who had not undergone the procedure.

Results:
A total of 54 patients underwent iris suturing of a subluxated IOL. Among them, 36 (66%) had previously undergone PPV, while 18 patients (33%) had not. The etiology of PCIOL subluxation was uncertain in 20 (37.0%), prior PPV in 17 (32%), and following complicated cataract surgery in 11 (20%) cases. The mean time between original IOL insertion and IS-IOL was 6.1 ± 7.0 years. The mean follow-up duration was 46.8 ± 39.7 months. The mean post-operative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was logMAR 0.43 ± 0.52 at final follow-up, a significant improvement from pre-operative BCVA. Vision was significantly better in the group with no prior PPV (logMAR 0.54 ± 0.59 vs. 0.21 ± 0.23 at final follow-up, P = 0.026). At final follow-up, 34 (63%) eyes had BCVA of 20/40 or better. The most common complication was cystoid macular edema, attributed to the IS-IOL in 13 (21.4%) eyes, 11 (68.6%) of which resolved or improved.

Conclusions:
The management of posterior chamber IOL subluxations with PPV and iris suturing of the subluxated IOL is a safe technique that provides excellent long-term visual outcomes.
Effect of Yoga on Psychological and Emotion Regulation among Women Prisoners: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sathiyavathi G. , Swathi Paetaehalli Shivappa , Bhavana Mandara , Ritesh Chandrashekhar , Saoji Apar Avinash 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Given the stress of imprisonment and isolation from families, the women prisoners are subjected to increased anxiety, depression, and emotional dysregulation. Due to these negative outcomes, it is imperative to find efficient nonpharmacological interventions. Yoga improves mental health in both correctional settings and the general population. Studies conducted on the mental health of female prison inmates are scarce.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was used and instigated on 76 women prisoners with moderate-to-severe stress levels, randomly allocated into Group 1 (n = 36) and Group 2 (n = 40). Group 1 was taught with 90 min of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy and Group 2 was taught with 90 min of free choice physical exercise for 15 days. Assessments were taken before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for the baseline differences.

Results:
Significant difference in effect was found between the groups in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), emotion regulation questionnaire, and positive and negative affect questionnaire schedule (PANAS). Within group analysis demonstrated improved scores in all psychological constructs in the yoga group. Although some constructs also shown significant changes in the control group, the effect size was less when compared to the yoga group.

Conclusion:
Yoga can be administered in the prison setting daily to maintain the mental health of the women prisoners.