bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic model for survival in patients with neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix: SEER database analysis and a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yu Caixian , Wu Xiaoliu , Zhang Shao , Zhang Lan , Zhang Hongping , Yang Hongying , Zhao Min , Li Zheng 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC) is extremely rare in clinical practice. This study aimed to methodologically analyze the clinicopathological factors associated with NECC patients and to develop a validated survival prediction model.

Methods
A total of 535 patients diagnosed with NECC between 2004 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, while 122 patients diagnosed with NECC at Yunnan Cancer Hospital (YCH) from 2006 to 2019 were also recruited. Patients from the SEER database were divided into a training cohort (n = 376) and a validation cohort (n = 159) in a 7:3 ratio for the construction and internal validation of the nomogram. External validation was performed in a cohort at YCH. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, the Log-rank method test was used for univariate analysis of prognostic influences, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis.

Results
The 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for patients with NECC in SEER were 43.6% and 39.7%, respectively. In the training cohort, multivariate analysis showed independent prognostic factors for NECC patients including race, tumor size, distant metastasis, stage, and chemotherapy (p<0.05). For extended application in other cohorts, a nomogram including four factors without race was subsequently created. The consistency index (C-index) of the nomogram predicting survival was 0.736, which was well-validated in the validation cohorts (0.746 for the internal validation cohort and 0.765 for the external validation cohort). In both the training and validation cohorts, the 3-year survival rates predicted by the nomogram were comparable to the actual ones. We then succeeded in dividing patients with NECC into high- and low-risk groups concerning OS using the nomogram we developed. Besides, univariate analysis showed that chemotherapy ≥4 cycles may improve the OS of patients at YCH with NECC.

Conclusion
We successfully constructed a nomogram that precisely predicts the OS for patients with NECC based on the SEER database and a large single-center retrospective cohort. The visualized and practical model can distinguish high-risk patients for recurrence and death who may benefit from clinical trials of boost therapy effectively. We also found that patients who received more than 4 cycles of chemotherapy acquired survival benefits than those who received less than 4 cycles.
Global adoption of 6-month drug-resistant TB regimens: Projected uptake by 2026
Authors: Gupta Aastha , Juneja Sandeep , Babawale Victor , Rustam Majidovich Nurov , Ndjeka Norbert , Thi Mai Nguyen Phuong , Nargiza Nusratovna Parpieva , Robert Omanito David , Tiara Pakasi Tiffany , Terleeva Yana , Toktogonova Atyrkul , Waheed Yasir , Myint Zaw , Yanlin Zhao , Sahu Suvanand 
Published: January 2024

Background
The WHO has issued a call to action urging countries to accelerate the rollout of new WHO-recommended shorter all-oral treatment regimens for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), which remains a public-health crisis. The all-oral, 6-month BPaL/M regimen comprises 3–4 drugs: pretomanid used in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid, with or without moxifloxacin. This regimen has been recommended by the WHO for use in DR-TB patients instead of ≥9-month (up to 24-month) regimens. This study aims to project this regimen’s use, along with its components bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid, and other treatments for DR-TB globally through 2026. It is intended to guide global health stakeholders in planning and budgeting for DR-TB interventions. Projected usage could help estimate cost of the individual components of DR-TB regimens over time.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with national TB programme participants in key countries to gather intelligence on established plans and targets for use of various DR-TB treatment regimens from 2023 to 2026. These data informed development of projections for the global use of regimens and drugs.

Results
Consistent global growth in the use of shorter regimens in DR-TB treatment was shown: BPaLM reaching 126,792 patients, BPaL reaching 43,716 patients, and the 9-11-month all-oral bedaquiline-based regimen reaching 13,119 patients by 2026. By 2026, the longer all-oral regimen is projected to be used by 19,262 patients, and individualised treatment regimens by 15,344 patients.

Conclusion
The study shows BPaL/M will be used in majority of DR-TB patients by 2024, reaching 78% by 2026. However, national efforts to scale-up, case-finding, monitoring, drug-susceptibility testing, and implementation of new treatments will be essential for ensuring they are accessible to all eligible patients in the coming years and goals for ending TB are met. There is an urgent need to engage communities in capacity building and demand generation.
Detection of CTLA-4 level and humeral immune response after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine in certain Iraqi provinces participants
Authors: Al-Kaif Laith A. I. K. , Al-Ameri Hussain , Alfatlawi Wael Rasheed Obaead , Mahdi Ammar Eesa , Al-Khafaji Younis A. K. , Al-Saadi Mohammad Abd-Kadhum , Al-Charrakh Alaa H. , Al-Mammori Raheem T. , Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed 
Published: January 2024

Background
Evaluating immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination is paramount to understanding vaccine effectiveness and optimizing public health interventions. This study seeks to elucidate individuals’ immune status after administering a second dose of diverse COVID-19 vaccines. By analyzing immune responses through serological markers, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the uniformity of vaccine performance.

Methods
A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, with demographic and COVID-19 infection-related data collected for categorization. Serum samples were acquired within a specified timeframe, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid tests were conducted. Moreover, CTLA-4 levels were measured through ELISA assays, allowing us to assess the immune responses comprehensively. The participants were divided into eight groups based on various factors, facilitating a multifaceted analysis.

Results
The outcomes of our investigation demonstrated consistent immune responses across the diverse types of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Iraq. Statistical analysis revealed no significant distinctions among the vaccine categories. In contrast, significant differences were observed in CTLA-4 among the control group (non-infected/non-vaccinated, infected/non-vaccinated) and infected/Pfizer, non-infected/Pfizer, and infected/Sinopharm, non-infected/sinopharm (P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, respectively). This suggests that these vaccines exhibit comparable effectiveness in eliciting an immune response among the study participants.

Conclusions
In conclusion, our study’s results underscore the lack of discriminatory variations between different COVID-19 vaccine types utilized in Iraq. The uniform immune responses observed signify the equitable efficacy and performance of these vaccines. Despite minor quantitative discrepancies, these variations do not hold statistical significance, reaffirming the notion that the various vaccines serve a similar purpose in conferring protection against COVID-19.
Job satisfaction and work stress among physicians in Norway and Germany—A cross-sectional study
Authors: Voltmer Edgar , Rosta Judith , Köslich-Strumann Susen , Goetz Katja 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
Physicians’ health and wellbeing are important albeit often neglected quality indicators of health care systems. The aims of the study were to compare job satisfaction and work stress among doctors in Germany and Norway, and to identify predictors for job satisfaction.

Methods
All active physicians in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (N = 13,304) and a nationwide sample of Norwegian physicians (N = 2,316) were surveyed in a cross-sectional design in 2021. Response rates of German and Norwegian physicians were n = 4,385 (33%) and n = 1,639 (70.8%), respectively. In addition to age, sex, and work-hours, the main outcome measures were the validated Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS) and the short form of the Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI).

Results
There were significant differences between Norwegian and German physicians in job satisfaction but with small effect sizes. All effort scores of German physicians were significantly higher and four of seven reward scores significantly lower than for their Norwegian colleagues. The proportion of German physicians in the state of a gratification crisis was significantly higher (67%) than in their Norwegian colleagues (53%). In both countries, physicians with a gratification crisis scored significantly lower on all items of job satisfaction. There were only minor gender differences in job satisfaction and effort-reward balance. Age, effort, and reward accounted for 46% of the explained variance of job satisfaction.

Conclusions
Lower job satisfaction and reward in some areas and higher perceived effort of physicians in Germany than in Norway are still in favor of Norwegian working conditions, but the differences seem to diminish. The high proportions of gratification crises in both countries warrants appropriate measures for prevention and health promotion.
Catalyst for Common Law Evolution: Experiment with ChatGPT and a Hypothetical Common Law Jurisdiction
Authors: Iu Kwan Yuen , Zhou Ziyue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to carry out empirical analysis of the viability of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, in simulating the common law system and facilitating its evolutionary processes. Drawing on the Theory of Rules Evolution, it is understood that common law generates efficient rules by natural selection through constant litigation. Nonetheless, this evolutionary mechanism faces several hindrances. The process of change is typically slow and incremental. Courts often have to wait for a case that’s deemed ‘appropriate’ before they can change the law, leading to extended delays. Additionally, courts frequently struggle to make efficient decisions due to limited information. Other factors that decelerate the creation of efficient rules include judicial bias, unequal distribution of resources among litigating parties, and the diminishing presence of a competitive legal order. This study first assesses ChatGPT’s capability to embrace the essence of the common law system, namely the doctrine of stare decisis. We then assess its potential to overcome the hindrances in common law development and promote efficient rules. Through a series of meticulously designed hypothetical cases set in a virtual jurisdiction called the “Matrix Kingdom,” we observed that ChatGPT mimic the functions of a common law court by citing, following, and distinguishing its own precedents, but it accomplishes this with significantly fewer resources and in less time. This implies that humans can introduce hypothetical legal situations, enabling LLMs to replicate the natural selection process observed in the common law system but with a significantly accelerated pace. Given that LLMs are trained with diverse information sources, not just the factual contexts of cases, they could potentially lower the informational constraints in decision-making. As such, LLMs might significantly contribute to the evolutionary processes of common law development. However, it is important to remain cautious of certain limitations, such as the potential for AI Hallucination and inherent biases in LLMs, which require careful consideration and management.
Image segmentation of mouse eye in vivo with optical coherence tomography based on Bayesian classification
Authors: Ma Fei , Wang Shengbo , Guo Yanfei , Dai Cuixia , Meng Jing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging technology that uses an optical analog of ultrasound imaging for biological tissues. Image segmentation plays an important role in dealing with quantitative analysis of medical images.

Methods
We have proposed a novel framework to deal with the low intensity problem, based on the labeled patches and Bayesian classification (LPBC) model. The proposed method includes training and testing phases. During the training phase, firstly, we manually select the sub-images of background and Region of Interest (ROI) from the training image, and then extract features by patches. Finally, we train the Bayesian model with the features. The segmentation threshold of each patch is computed by the learned Bayesian model.

Results
In addition, we have collected a new dataset of mouse eyes in vivo with OCT, named MEVOCT, which can be found at URL https://17861318579.github.io/LPBC. MEVOCT consists of 20 high-resolution images. The resolution of every image is 2048 × 2048 pixels.

Conclusions
The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the LPBC method on the new MEVOCT dataset. The ROI segmentation is of great importance for the distortion correction.
Evaluation of corrugated core configuration effects on low-velocity impact response in metallic sandwich panels
Authors: Zurnacı Erman , Gökkaya Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Sandwich panels are used as body components of vehicles in many sectors, such as defense, aircraft, and aviation, due to their advanced mechanical properties and lightness. This study aims to investigate the effect of core configurations on mechanical performance and deformation behavior of metallic sandwich panels under low-velocity impact loading. For this purpose, metallic sandwich panels having monolithic and sliced core configurations were first produced. Low-velocity impact tests were carried out using varying energy levels (20, 40, 60 J) to examine how the intensity of influence affects the deformation of the sandwich panel. The perforation and deformation behavior on the upper surface plates of sandwich panels were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the core design significantly affects the impact behavior of sandwich panel samples. The sliced core configuration produced approximately 10 % more maximum contact force and absorbed 14 % more impact energy at high-impact energy levels. Additionally, the sliced core configuration delayed core collapse of the core in deformation situations where complete perforation does not occur.
Electrically-controlled suppression of Rayleigh backscattering in an integrated photonic circuit
Authors: Örsel Oğulcan E. , Noh Jiho , Bahl Gaurav 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Undesirable light scattering is a fundamental cause for photon loss in nanophotonics. Rayleigh backscattering can be particularly difficult to avoid in wave-guiding systems and arises from both material defects and geometric defects at the subwavelength scale. It has recently been shown that systems exhibiting chiral dispersion due to broken time-reversal symmetry (TRS) can naturally mitigate Rayleigh backscattering, yet this has never been explored in integrated photonics. Here we demonstrate the dynamic suppression of disorder-induced Rayleigh backscattering in integrated photonics even when defects are clearly present. Our experiments are performed using lithium niobate on insulator resonators in which TRS is broken through an electrically-driven acousto-optic interaction. We experimentally observe near-complete suppression of Rayleigh backscattering within the resonator by measuring the optical states and through direct measurements of the back-scattered light. We additionally provide a new and intuitive generalization argument that explains this suppression of backscattering as a form of topological protection in synthetic space.
Integrated multi-operand optical neurons for scalable and hardware-efficient deep learning
Authors: Feng Chenghao , Gu Jiaqi , Zhu Hanqing , Ning Shupeng , Tang Rongxing , Hlaing May , Midkiff Jason , Jain Sourabh , Pan David Z. , Chen Ray T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optical neural networks (ONNs) are promising hardware platforms for next-generation neuromorphic computing due to their high parallelism, low latency, and low energy consumption. However, previous integrated photonic tensor cores (PTCs) consume numerous single-operand optical modulators for signal and weight encoding, leading to large area costs and high propagation loss to implement large tensor operations. This work proposes a scalable and efficient optical dot-product engine based on customized multi-operand photonic devices, namely multi-operand optical neuron (MOON). We experimentally demonstrate the utility of a MOON using a multi-operand-Mach–Zehnder-interferometer (MOMZI) in image recognition tasks. Specifically, our MOMZI-based ONN achieves a measured accuracy of 85.89 % in the street view house number (SVHN) recognition dataset with 4-bit voltage control precision. Furthermore, our performance analysis reveals that a 128 × 128 MOMZI-based PTCs outperform their counterparts based on single-operand MZIs by one to two order-of-magnitudes in propagation loss, optical delay, and total device footprint, with comparable matrix expressivity.
Automating the production of [Fe18FF2(BnMe2-tacn)] and investigating radiostabilisers for use with high-activity [18F]F−
Authors: Woodward Madeleine S. , Runacres Danielle E. , Grigg Julian , Khan Imtiaz , Levason William , McRobbie Graeme , Reid Gillian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The manual radiofluorination and purification of [FeF3(BnMe2-tacn)] (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane) using 18F− in aqueous EtOH has been translated to a GE FASTLab™ automatic synthesis platform and optimised by conducting a series of low-activity radiolabelling experiments to explore the effects of varying the precursor concentration, temperature, heating time, addition of NaOAc buffer and EtOH:H2O ratio. The optimal conditions were determined to be 1 mg/mL of the precursor being heated at 120 °C for 10 min in 75 %:25 % EtOH:H2O containing 18F−, with elution using 10 mM NaOAc, giving 61 % radiochemical yield (RCY). These conditions were then employed with high-activity 18F− giving a 97 % radiochemical purity (RCP) at t = 0, which decreases by 22 % over 5 h. Sodium ascorbate, nicotinamide and p-benzoic acid (pABA) were then tested as potential radiostabilisers for this system, initially using low-activity 18F−. These experiments revealed very rapid defluorination of the radioproduct in the presence of sodium ascorbate. In contrast, both nicotinamide and pABA appear to be effective radiostabilisers, resulting in RCP values of 91 % and 89 %, respectively, after 2 h, which compare with an RCP of 81 % under analogous conditions at t = 2 h in their absence. High-activity experiments were then undertaken with addition of 5 mg/mL of nicotinamide, with a radio-active concentration (RAC) of 220 MBq/mL, giving RCY of 26 % and following purification, RCP values for the [Fe18FF2(BnMe2-tacn)] product of 97 % at t = 0 and 86 % after 3 h.
Combinatorial hypofractionated radiotherapy and pembrolizumab in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Tan Janice Ser Huey , Tay Timothy Kwang Yong , Ong Enya Hui Wen , Fehlings Michael , Tan Daniel Shao-Weng , Sukma Nadiah Binte , Chen Eileen Xueqin , Sng Jen-Hwei , Yip Connie Siew Poh , Lim Kok Hing , Lim Darren Wan-Teck , Iyer Narayanan Gopalakrishna , Hwang Jacqueline Siok Gek , Chua Melvin Lee Kiang , Ang Mei-Kim 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an aggressive disease associated with poor outcomes and resistance to therapies. Our study aim was to evaluate the activity of a combinatorial regimen of sandwich sequencing of pembrolizumab immunotherapy and hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT).

Methods
In this case series, patients with ATC received hypofractionated RT (QUAD-shot) and intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3–4 weeks. Pembrolizumab was continued until disease progression or up till 24 months. Concurrent lenvatinib treatment was allowed. Primary endpoint was best overall response (BOR) and progression-free survival (PFS). Additionally, we performed immune profiling of circulating T cells in a responder to investigate the immune response to our combinatorial treatment.

Results
At median follow-up of 32.6 months (IQR: 26.4–38.8), of a cohort of five patients, BOR was 80%; with two complete responses (CR) and two partial responses (PR). Patients who achieved CR remained disease-free at last follow-up. Median PFS was 7.6 months (IQR: 6.2–NR), and 1-year PFS and overall survival rate was 40% (95% CI: 13.7–100) for both. Treatment was well-tolerated, with mostly grade 1–2 adverse events. Immune profiling of one partial responder revealed an increase in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells post-QUAD-shot RT, which was further enhanced during the maintenance phase of pembrolizumab.

Conclusion
Herein, we report a case series of five patients with ATC, with two long-term survivors who were treated with surgical debulking followed by QUAD-shot RT and pembrolizumab, possibly due to synergy of local and systemic treatments in activating anti-tumour immunogenic cytotoxicity. This regimen warrants further investigation in a larger cohort of patients.
АНАЛІЗ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ДЛЯ ПОБУДОВИ АВТОНОМНИХ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ СИСТЕМ АВТОМАТИЧНОГО КЕРУВАННЯ
Authors: Ірлик Юлія Анатоліївна , Стопакевич Андрій Олексійович 
Published: January 2024

Розглянуто різні аспекти використання штучного інтелекту (ШІ) в промислових системах автоматичного керування, включаючи аналіз даних, прийняття рішень, передбачення та оптимізацію процесів. Потенційні переваги використання автономних систем, таких як зниження витрат, підвищення продуктивності та зменшення ризиків людського втручання. Розглянуто нечіткі регулятори в промисловій автоматизації, застосування нейрорегулятора, регулятор на базі технологій штучного інтелекту, модельно-прогнозуючий регулятор (МПР) для керування локальними регуляторами ПІД-типу. Традиційна децентралізована САК (система автоматичного керування), САК як робастна, адаптивна та живуча система. Алгоритм навчання регулятора Factorial Kernel Dynamic Policy Programming. Задачі синтезу адаптивних та робастних систем. Синтез систем керування з застосуванням технологій штучного інтелекту.
Дослідження свідчать про те, що використання технологій штучного інтелекту може значно покращити ефективність та надійність промислових систем автоматичного керування. Стаття показує потенціал ШІ для оптимізації виробничих процесів, забезпечення швидкого реагування на змінні умови та покращення якості продукції, але і виклики також ймовірні. Вона може бути корисною для фахівців у галузі промислового автоматизованого керування, дослідників технологій ШІ та всіх зацікавлених у розвитку автономних систем в промисловості.