bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl‐Komplexe von Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram mit Isocyanacetat. Reaktionen am koordinierten Isocyanacetat. Stabilisierung von Isocyanessigsäure und Isocyanacetylchlorid am Metall. Isocyanopeptide [1]
Authors: Achatz Dagobert , Lang Markus A. , Völkl Alfons , Fehlhammer Wolf Peter , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCarbonyl Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten with Isocyano Acetate. Reactions of Coordinated Isocyanoacetate. Stabilization of Isocyanoacetic Acid and Isocyanoacetyl Chloride at the Metal Atom. IsocyanopeptidesThe reactions of [(OC)5MCNCH2CO2Et] (M = Cr, W) with Na[N(SiMe3)2] or with KOH afford the isocyanoacetate complexes [(OC)5MCNCH2CO2]− (1,2). Similarly, the complex [(OC)3Mo(CNCH2CO2−Li+)3] (4) was obtained from [(OC)3Mo(CNCH2CO2Et)3] (3) and LiOH. Protonation of 1 and 2 affords the sublimable isocyanoacetic acid complexes [(OC)5MCNCH2CO2H] (5, 6; M = Cr, W) in which the functional isocyanide is stabilized at the metal atom. Reactions of [(OC)5WCNCH2CO2−K+] and of [(OC)3Mo(CNCH2CO2−Li+)3] with oxalyl dichloride give the isocyanoacetyl chloride compounds [(OC)5WCNCH2COCl] (9) (sublimable) and [(OC)3Mo(CNCH2COCl)3] (10); the latter (10) was not isolated. Complexes 9 and 10 were reacted in situ with β‐alanine, glycine, phenylalanine and methionine esters as well as the peptide esters GlyGlyOEt, PhePheOMe, Phe‐β‐AlaOMe, and GlyGlyGlyOMe to form the isocyanoacetyl amino acid esters (11 ‐ 14) and the isocyanoacetyl peptide esters (15 ‐ 18) which are stabilized at the molybdenum atom.
A New Type of Anionic Framework in Microporous Potassium Iron(II) Phosphate K[Fe(PO4)]
Authors: Yakubovich Olga V. , Massa Werner , Dimitrova Olga V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA new iron(II) orthophosphate K[Fe(PO4)] has been obtained by hydrothermal synthesis and its crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction: space group P21/n, Z = 8, a = 9.6199(10), b = 8.6756(8), c = 10.8996(13) Å, β = 115.577(8)° at 193 K, R = 0.023. FeII shows coordination numbers (CN) 4 (distorted tetrahedral) and CN 5 (distorted trigonal bipyramidal). The [FeO4] and [FeO5] units form together with the [PO4] tetrahedra a microporous 3D para‐framework with open channels along the a and b directions. The potassium ions positioned in the channels show CN 7 and 8. The structural relations within the morphotropic row of non‐isotypic K[M(PO4)] structures (M = Zn, Ni, Mn, Fe) are discussed on the basis of common basic structural units.
A Tetrameric Neodymium Silanolate: [Nd(OSiMe3)3]4
Authors: Mansfeld Dirk , Mehring Michael 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe title compound [Nd(OSiMe3)3]4 (1) was prepared by reaction of [Nd{N(SiMe3)2}3] with Me3SiOH in toluene at room temperature. Compound 1 crystallized from a concentrated toluene solution in the monoclinic space group P21/n with the lattice constants a = 15.144(1) Å, b = 25.142(1) Å, c = 20.391(1) Å and β = 103.755(2)°. In the solid state a tetramer is observed which shows Nd‐O bond distances in the range 2.129(2)‐2.675(2) Å.
Reactions of Nitridotechnetium(V) Complexes with Boranes
Authors: Hagenbach Adelheid , Abram Ulrich 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNitrido bridges between technetium and boron were formed during reactions of [TcN(PMe2Ph)(Et2dtc)2] (Et2dtc− = diethyldithiocarbamate) and BH3 or BPhCl2 at low temperatures. X‐Ray structure determinations show that the products contain almost linear Tc–N–B bonds with Tc–N distances which are only slightly lengthened with respect to the triple bonds in the precursor molecule. However, a significant lengthening of the Tc–S bond trans to the nitrido ligand is detected by the decrease of the structural trans influence of “N3−”N. The compounds are instable and decompose at room temperature under cleavage of the N–B bonds.A reaction between [TcNCl2(PPh3)2] and BCl3 does not yield a product with a nitrido bridge. Prolonged heating in dichloromethane results in decomposition of the technetium complex and the formation of (HPPh3)2[TcCl6]. Hydrogen bonds are established between the complex anion and each two counter ions.
Sekundäre Hydroxyalkylphosphane: Synthese und Charakterisierung mono‐, bis‐ und trisalkoxyphosphan‐substituierter Zirconiumkomplexe und des heterobimetallischen Dreikernkomplexes [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes(AuCl)}2]
Authors: Sterzik Anke , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSecondary Hydroxyalkylphosphanes: Synthesis and Characterization of Mono‐, Bis‐ and Trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted Zirconium Complexes and the Heterobimetallic Trinuclear Complex [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes(AuCl)}2]The secondary hydroxyalkylphosphanes RPHCH2OH [R = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2 (Mes) (1), 2,4,6‐iPr3C6H2 (Tipp) (2)], 1‐AdPH‐2‐OH‐cyclo‐C6H10 (3) and RPH(CH2)3OH [R = Ph (4), Mes (5), Tipp (6), Cy (7), tBu (8)] were obtained from primary phosphanes RPH2 and formaldehyde (1, 2) or from LiPHR and cyclohexene oxide (3) or trimethylene oxide (4‐8). Starting from 5 or 7 and [CpR2ZrMe2] [CpR = C5EtMe4 (Cp°), C5H5 (Cp), C5MeH4 (Cp′)], the monoalkoxyphosphane‐substituted zirconocene complexes [CpR2Zr(Me){O(CH2)3PHMes}] [CpR = Cp° (9), Cp (10)] were prepared. With [CpR2ZrCl2], the bisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted complexes [Cp′2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes}2] (11) and [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHCy}2] (12) are obtained, and with [TpRZrCl3], the trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted zirconium complexes [TpRZr{O(CH2)3PHMes}3] [TpR = trispyrazolylborato (Tp) (13), TpR = tris(3,5‐dimethyl)pyrazolylborato (Tp*) (14)] are prepared.The reaction of 5 with [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) yielded the mononuclear complex [AuCl{PHMes(CH2)3OH}] (15). The trinuclear complex [Cp2Zr{O(CH2)3PHMes(AuCl)}2] (16) was obtained from [Cp2ZrCl2] and 15. Compounds 1‐16 were characterized spectroscopically (1H‐, 31P‐, 13C‐NMR; IR; MS) and compound 2 also by crystal structure determination. The bis‐ and trisalkoxyphosphane‐substituted complexes 11‐14 and 16 were obtained as mixtures of two diastereomers which could not be separated.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of CsCu3O2, Containing a New Type of Oxocuprate(I) Polyanion (Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. (2003), 629, 2435)
Authors: Sofin M. , Peters E. M. , Jansen M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe d‐values originally given in Table 3 are in error by a factor of 2.17. For the correct powder data, see Table 3 below.
Hematocrit and blood chemistry values in three genera of captive hornbills
Authors: Villegas A. , Corbacho C. , Sánchez‐Guzmán J.M. , Corbacho P. , Morán R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis study reports hematocrit and blood chemistry values for captive adult individuals belonging to three genera of hornbills (Bucerotidae), Aceros, Anthracoceros, and Ceratogymna, and evaluates genera and gender specific differences in these values. Ceratogymna differs significantly from the other two genera in the concentration of total proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium. Blood glucose concentrations in Aceros were lower than those in the other two genera. Plasma levels of enzymes differed between Aceros and Ceratogymna. With respect to gender differences, Aceros males had greater plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium and phosphorus than did the females, and the Ceratogymna males had higher concentrations of triglycerides. Body mass was correlated with hematocrit, cholesterol, total proteins, and urea in Aceros and with calcium concentration in Ceratogymna. These results are the first data available on reference ranges of blood values in individuals of this family of birds and may therefore be very useful as a complementary diagnostic tool in the veterinary care of individuals of these species in captivity. Zoo Biol 0:1–9, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management Strategies, Early Results, Benefits, and Risk Factors of Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Lunevicius Raimundas , Morkevicius Matas 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe primary goal of this study was to describe epidemiology and management strategies of the perforated duodenal ulcer, as well as the most common methods of laparoscopic perforated duodenal ulcer repair. The secondary goal was to demonstrate the value of prospective and retrospective studies regarding the early results of surgery and the risk factors. The tertiary goal was to emphasize the benefits of this operation, and the fourth goal was to clarify the possible risk factors associated with laparoscopic repair of the duodenal ulcer. The Medline/Pubmed database was used. Review was done after evaluation of 96 retrieved full‐text articles. Thirteen prospective and twelve retrospective studies were selected, grouped, and summarized. The spectrum of the retrospective studies’ results are as follows: median overall morbidity rate 10.5 %, median conversion rate 7%, median hospital stay 7 days, and median postoperative mortality rate 0%. The following is the spectrum of results of the prospective studies: median overall morbidity rate was slightly less (6%); the median conversion rate was higher (15%); the median hospital stay was shorter (5 days) and the postoperative mortality was higher (3%). The risk factors identified were the same. Shock, delayed presentation (> 24 hours), confounding medical condition, age > 70 years, poor laparoscopic expertise, ASA III‐IV, and Boey score should be considered preoperative laparoscopic repair risk factors. Each of these factors independently should qualify as a criterion for open repair due to higher intraoperative risks as well as postoperative morbidity. Inadequate ulcer localization, large perforation size (defined by some as > 6 mm diameter, and by others as > 10 mm), and ulcers with friable edges are also considered as conversion risk factors.
How are Volume–Outcome Associations Related to Models of Health Care Funding and Delivery? A Comparison of the United States and Canada
Authors: Urbach David R. , Croxford Ruth , MacCallum Nancy L. , Stukel Thérèse A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHow models of health care financing and delivery affect patterns of procedure volumes, outcomes, and volume–outcome associations is not known. We compared volume–outcome studies done in Canada, which provides residents with universal, single‐payer health care, with those done in the United States, to determine whether there was a difference in the likelihood of finding statistically significant volume–outcome associations. We analyzed 142 articles, most (90.1%) of which were from the United States. The articles described a total of 291 separate analyses. After adjusting for the clustering of multiple analyses in the same study, the likelihood of finding a statistically significant volume–outcome association was substantially lower in Canadian studies as compared with those from the United States (odds ratio 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.74, p = 0.01). This result persisted after adjustment for the procedure/condition studied, and the number of study subjects. Canadian volume–outcome analyses are less likely to identify statistically significant volume–outcome associations than US studies, possibly because of the smaller size of some Canadian studies. It is also possible that different models of health care financing and delivery affect patterns of procedure volumes and volume–outcome associations. By promoting competition between hospitals and providers, market‐based models may exacerbate existing variations in the quality of hospital care.
The implications of warming climate for the management of North Sea demersal fisheries
Authors: Cook R.M. , Heath M.R. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Since the 1950s, records from the North Sea show a gradual increase in temperature. Using temperature as a proxy indexing the state of the environment, relationships between recruitment, spawning-stock biomass, and temperature are investigated for major North Sea stocks. Cod, plaice, and sole exhibit significant negative relationships between temperature and recruitment, while there is evidence of a positive effect for saithe and whiting. Stock-recruitment models that incorporate temperature are developed and used to examine implications for the management of these stocks with small increases in mean winter sea surface temperature. These suggest that for cod, minimum safe biomass reference points are unlikely to be achieved even at fishing mortality rates that are considered safe. The same analysis suggests that sustainable fishing for cod is still possible with higher yields than have been experienced in recent years.
Implications of climate change for the management of North Sea cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Kell Laurence T. , Pilling Graham M. , O'Brien Carl M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRobustness of both short-term stock biomass recovery and longer-term sustainable management strategies to different plausible climatic change scenarios were evaluated for North Sea cod (Gadus morhua), where climate was assumed to impact growth and recruitment. In the short term, climate change had little effect on stock recovery, which depends instead upon reducing fishing effort to allow existing year classes to survive to maturity. In the longer term, climate change has greater effects on stock status, but higher yields and biomass can be expected if fishing mortality is reduced. Incorporating environmental covariates in stock assessment predictions will not achieve sustainable resource use. The implications of climate change for biological reference points depend upon the mechanism through which temperature acts on recruitment, i.e. on juvenile survival or carrying capacity. It is not possible to distinguish between these processes with stock assessment data sets alone. However, this study indicates that reference points based on fishing mortality appear more robust to uncertainty than those based on biomass. Ideally, simpler management procedures are required that meet pre-agreed management objectives and are robust to uncertainty about the true dynamics.
Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei, X-Ray Binaries and Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources
Authors: Kuncic Zdenka 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis review summarizes the astrophysical evidence for the existence of black holes provided by their gravitational influence on nearby matter. Two classes of accreting black holes have now been observationally verified: supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei, and stellar-mass black holes in X-ray binaries (XRBs). With the recent re-discovery of ultra-luminous X-ray (ULX) sources, fresh evidence has also emerged for the existence of a third class of accreting black holes: intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). The properties of the three classes of accreting black holes are briefly discussed.
Evaluation of Cosmic Ray Rejection Algorithms on Single-Shot Exposures
Authors: Farage Catherine L. , Pimbblet Kevin A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTo maximise data output from single-shot astronomical images, the rejection of cosmic rays is important. We present the results of a benchmark trial comparing various cosmic ray rejection algorithms. The procedures assess relative performances and characteristics of the processes in cosmic ray detection, rates of false detections of true objects, and the quality of image cleaning and reconstruction. The cosmic ray rejection algorithms developed by Rhoads (2000, PASP, 112, 703), van Dokkum (2001, PASP, 113, 1420), Pych (2004, PASP, 116, 148), and the IRAF task XZAP by Dickinson are tested using both simulated and real data. It is found that detection efficiency is independent of the density of cosmic rays in an image, being more strongly affected by the density of real objects in the field. As expected, spurious detections and alterations to real data in the cleaning process are also significantly increased by high object densities. We find the Rhoads' linear filtering method to produce the best performance in the detection of cosmic ray events; however, the popular van Dokkum algorithm exhibits the highest overall performance in terms of detection and cleaning.
Responsiveness of certain agronomic weed species to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Vatovec C. , Jordan N. , Huerd S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are plant root symbionts that provide many benefits to crop production and agro-ecosystem function; therefore, management of AMF is increasingly seen as important to ecological farming. Agronomic weeds that form a symbiotic relationship with AMF can increase diversity and abundance of agronomically beneficial AMF taxa. Also, AMF can strongly affect plant community composition, and may thus provide some degree of biological control for weeds. Therefore, relationships between weeds and AMF have a dual significance in ecological farming, but are relatively unexamined. In glasshouse experiments, seedlings of 14 agronomic weed species were grown in the presence or absence of AMF inocula sampled from each of three types of cropping systems: organic, transitional-organic or high-input/conventional. For each weed species, AMF root colonization rates and growth responses to AMF were assessed. On the basis of observed colonization levels, the species were classified as strong hosts (five species), weak hosts (three) and non-host species (six). Among species, biomass responses to AMF were highly variable. Strong hosts showed more positive responses to AMF than weak hosts, although the range of responses was great. Non-hosts did not suffer consistent negative biomass responses to AMF, although strong biomass reductions were noted for certain species–inoculum combinations. Biomass responses to inocula from different cropping systems varied significantly among weed species in one of two experiments. Results suggest that weed–AMF interactions can affect weed community dynamics. We recommend investigation of these interactions in agro-ecosystems that use management methods likely to intensify weed–AMF interactions, such as conservation tillage and cover cropping.
Breast Milk Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Development of Atopic Dermatitis in the Infant
Authors: Hoppu Ulla , Rinne Minna , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Isolauri Erika 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTObjective:Breast milk fatty acids may have immunomodulatory properties related to the development of atopic disease. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the breast milk fatty acid composition on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) in high‐risk infants.Methods:Mothers with atopic disease were recruited at the end of gestation. Maternal food records and breast milk samples were collected at the infants' age of one month. Infants were clinically examined and AD diagnosed at one, three, six, and 12 months.Results:Altogether 13 of 34 (38%) infants were diagnosed with AD during the first year of life. Infants developing AD had consumed breast milk with a higher ratio of saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids and less n‐3 fatty acids compared to infants not developing AD. Specifically, breast milk consumed by infants with AD contained more stearic acid, 8.9% of total fatty acids (95% confidence interval 7.9‐10.0) in comparison to those without AD, 7.1% (95% CI 6.6‐7.7).Conclusion:Breast milk rich in saturated and low in n‐3 fatty acids may be a risk factor for atopic dermatitis in the infant.
Is the Correction Factor used in the Breath Test Assessment of Gastric Emptying Appropriate for use in Infants?
Authors: Omari Taher I , Symonds Erin , Davidson Geoffrey P , Butler Ross N 
Published: August 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:The gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) is now routinely used in many centers. Validation studies in adults have shown that although there is a linear correlation between the GEBT and scintigraphy, the GEBT overestimates gastric half emptying time (GEt1/2) by a constant of approximately 60 minutes because of postgastric processing. It is therefore conventional to apply a “correction factor” to the GEBT result. Because = no similar validation studies have been performed in infants, the aim of this study was to directly characterize the postgastric processing of 13C octanoic acid in infants to assess the suitability of the standard correction factor for use in infants.Methods:The pattern of breath 13CO2 excretion after separate infusion of 13C octanoic acid into either the stomach or the duodenum was measured in 13 healthy preterm infants (6 male, 7 female). The raw 13CO2 half excretion time after intragastric (GEt1/2raw) and intraduodenal (DEt1/2raw) administration of 13C octanoic acid was calculated, and the difference between GEt1/2raw and DEt1/2raw (i.e., GEt1/2raw − DEt1/2raw) was directly compared with GEt1/2corrected, derived by applying the standard correction factor to GEt1/2raw.Results:Values for GEt1/2raw ‐ DEt1/2raw correlated significantly with GEt1/2corrected.Conclusion:Our results show that the standard correction factor is appropriate for performing the GEBT in preterm infants.
Validation of the Pediatric Rome II Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Using the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Caplan Arlene , Walker Lynn , Rasquin Andrée 
Published: August 2005

Objective:To validate the pediatric Rome II criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) using the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms (QPGS).Methods:Subjects were 315 consecutive new patients, 4 to 18 years of age, seen in a tertiary care clinic and classified by pediatric gastroenterologists as having a functional problem. Patients and parents separately completed the QPGS before medical consultation. Diagnoses were derived using computer algorithms reflecting the Rome II criteria for pediatric FGIDs. Convergent validity was assessed by prevalence of diagnoses and internal validity using factor analysis to confirm symptom clusters of the criteria. Separate analyses were performed for 4 to 9 and 10 to 18 year olds, and for diagnoses based on parent and child reports.Results:In both age groups, the most prevalent diagnoses were irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (22.0%, 35.5%), functional constipation (19.0%, 15.2%), and functional dyspepsia (FD) (13.6%, 10.1%). Parent‐child concordance on diagnoses was generally poor. Factor analyses supported the internal validity of FD and of IBS symptoms except for relief with defecation. Although functional abdominal pain syndrome and abdominal migraine occurred rarely, symptom clustering within each diagnosis supports their validity. Among patients with abdominal pain, duration was of at least 3 months in most, and pain was of long duration and severe in at least one third.Conclusion:More than half of patients classified as having a functional problem met at least one pediatric Rome II diagnosis for FGIDs. This study offers initial support for the validity of several of the criteria.