bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of semipermeable hollow fiber membranes with highly aligned texture for nerve guidance
Authors: Zhang Ning , Zhang Changhong , Wen Xuejun 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn order to improve the guidance potential of a nerve entubulation bridging device, highly aligned textures were formed on the inner surface of semipermeable hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) during the wet phase inversion process. By precisely controlling the fabrication parameters, such as polymer solution flow rate, coagulant solution flow rate, and the air‐gap distance, also called drop height, different‐sized aligned grooves can be fabricated on the inner surface of HFMs. Preliminary studies using in vitro dorsal root ganglion (DRG) regeneration assay showed that both the alignment and outgrowth rate of regenerating axons increased significantly on HFMs with aligned textures compared to those on HFMs with a smooth inner surface. Studies in progress are evaluating axonal outgrowth and regeneration using in vivo sciatic‐nerve and spinal‐cord‐injury models. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005
Effect of surface roughness on post‐frying oil absorption in wheat flour and water food model
Authors: Thanatuksorn Pariya , Pradistsuwana Chidphong , Jantawat Pantipa , Suzuki Toru 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effects of surface roughness and post‐fried cooling time on oil absorption were investigated for a food model comprised of various wheat flour and water mixtures. The models were prepared by varying the initial moisture contents as 400, 600 and 800 g kg−1. The samples were then fried at 150 °C in palm olein oil for 5 min and then left to cool down for 0, 1, 3 or 6 min. Fractal analysis was used to evaluate the resulting surface roughness of samples fried for 5 min. The results revealed that the average fractal dimension increased as the sample's initial moisture was increased. The adhered oil on the surface decreased with cooling time; however, the absorbed oil increased. The surface roughness that is generated during frying causes the quantity of adhered oil to increase during the initial cooling stage. As cooling progresses, the surface oil is absorbed by the sample in proportion to the fractal dimension and the initial moisture content. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Inactivation of orange juice peroxidase by high‐intensity pulsed electric fields as influenced by process parameters
Authors: Elez‐Martínez Pedro , Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid , Martín‐Belloso Olga 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe inactivation of orange juice peroxidase (POD) under high‐intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) was studied. The effects of HIPEF parameters (electric field strength, treatment time, pulse polarity, frequency and pulse width) were evaluated and compared with conventional heat pasteurization. Samples were exposed to electric field strengths from 5 to 35 kV cm−1 for up to 1500 µs using square wave pulses in mono‐ and bipolar mode. Effect of pulse frequency (50–450 Hz), pulse width (1–10 µs) and electric energy on POD inactivation by HIPEF were also studied. Temperature was always below 40 °C. POD was totally inactivated by HIPEF and the treatment was more effective than thermal processing in inactivating orange juice POD. The extent of POD inactivation depended on HIPEF processing parameters. Orange juice POD inhibition was greater when the electric field strength, the treatment time, the pulse frequency and the pulse width increased. Monopolar pulses were more effective than bipolar pulses. Orange juice POD activity decreased with electric energy density input. The Weibull distribution function adequately described orange juice POD inactivation as a function of the majority of HIPEF parameters. Moreover, reduction of POD activity related to the electric field strength could be well described by the Fermi model. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of feeding regimen and chilled storage on water‐holding capacity, colour stability, pigment content and oxidation in red deer (Cervus elaphus) meat
Authors: Wiklund Eva , Sampels Sabine , Manley Timothy R , Pickova Jana , Littlejohn Roger P 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effects of feeding regimen on carcass characteristics, meat colour and lipid stability, pigment content and water‐holding capacity of M. longissimus were studied in 16 male red deer. All animals were farm raised; eight were grazing pasture and eight were fed a pelleted commercial feed mixture for 10 weeks prior to slaughter. The pellet‐fed deer had significantly higher live weight, carcass weight, dressing yield (g kg−1) and fat content than the pasture group. Carcasses from the pellet‐fed deer had higher temperatures over 0–10 h post mortem than carcasses from the grazing animals, probably due to an insulating fat cover. Ultimate pH values were lowest in meat from the pellet‐fed deer. The meat from the grazing deer had significantly better colour stability at 1 day post‐slaughter and after 1, 3 and 6 weeks of refrigerated storage (−1.5 °C) in vacuum bags. After 3, 6 and 12 weeks of refrigerated storage the meat from the pellet‐fed deer had significantly higher drip loss. No difference was found in the amount of oxidation products (thiobarbituric reactive substances, TBARS) when comparing the treatment groups, although the amount of TBARS increased during storage. Muscle pigment content was significantly higher in grazing deer than in the pellet‐fed group. It was not possible to confirm a correlation between lipid and pigment oxidation in the meat, and the pigment content of the meat samples did not seem to have an influence on colour stability or oxidation product formation. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Subgame perfection and the ethics of competition
Authors: Arce M Daniel G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper integrates economics and business ethics through the use of the subgame perfection/backward induction decision rule. It is shown that textbook examples of subgame perfection differ in their ethical complexity. Specifically, predatory pricing is difficult to justify on both game‐theoretic and ethical grounds, whereas ‘poison pill’ takeover defenses have complex economic and ethical ramifications. Further, I employ backward induction to examine two additional areas of ethics and management decision‐making: product recall (the Ford Explorer and Firestone tires), and price versus advertising competition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrafamilial variability in fragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
Authors: Peters Nils , Kamm Christoph , Asmus Friedrich , Holinski‐Feder Elke , Kraft Eduard , Dichgans Martin , Brüning Roland , Gasser Thomas , Bötzel Kai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFragile X–associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a progressive adult‐onset tremor/ataxia syndrome caused by premutations in the FMR1 gene. In cranial MRI, the most characteristic findings are bilateral T2 hyperintense lesions within the middle cerebellar peduncles. Here we present a sibpair of two affected brothers presenting with very different symptoms (typical FXTAS versus essential tremor‐like), disease progression, and MRI findings, illustrating broad intrafamilial variability of FXTAS. Also, their family history suggests further evidence of possible manifestation of FXTAS in women. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Electrophysiological evaluation of the genitofemoral nerve in patients with inguinal hernia
Authors: Bademkiran Fikret , Tataroglu Cengiz , Ozdedeli Kaan , Altay Baris , Aydogdu Ibrahim , Uludag Burhanettin , Ertekin Cumhur 
Published: August 2005

AbstractGroin pain in the lower abdomen but including the ilioinguinal region is frequent after inguinal hernia operations, but the integrity of the nerves in this region, including the genitofemoral nerve (GFN), has not been investigated. We studied GFN motor conduction time to the cremasteric muscle (CM), the CM electromyogram (EMG), and the CM reflex in 30 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia who underwent herniorrhaphy and in 26 similar patients who had no surgical intervention. Among the 30 patients undergoing herniorrhaphy, 14 (47%) showed motor involvement of the GFN, whereas 6 of the 26 (23%) patients not treated surgically had involvement of the GFN. These findings indicate that subclinical motor involvement of the GFN can be demonstrated by electrophysiological methods and is common after inguinal herniorrhaphy. Based on patient complaints, the herniated mass may also be responsible for motor involvement of the GFN in some patients before surgery. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Preliminary experience with arterial chemoembolization for hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in children
Authors: Czauderna Piotr , Zbrzezniak Grzegorz , Narozanski Wojciech , Korzon Maria , Wyszomirska Maria , Stoba Czeslaw 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe objective of this work was to test feasibility and efficacy of hepatic artery chemoembolization (HACE) in unresectable malignant liver tumors. Five patients aged from 1–12 years were treated in the Medical University of Gdansk from 1999 to 2002. All had locally advanced tumors, which did not respond to systemic chemotherapy: four, hepatoblastoma (HB) and one, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Arteriography was performed and chemoembolization suspension (cisplatin + doxorubicin + mitomycin mixed with lipiodol) was injected, followed by gelatin foam particles. The procedure was performed one to three times in each patient. In four patients (three, HB, one, fibrolamellar HCC), tumor response was observed, with decrease in the diameter of the mass of 25–33% and fall in the AFP level of 83–99%. One child with HB was non‐evaluable due to early death caused by systemic myelotoxicity. Two patients (2 HB) underwent macroscopically complete tumor resection, 1 is alive and well, and 1 died at the end of surgery for an unknown reason (possibly related to cardiotoxicity of earlier systemic chemotherapy). One HB patient was successfully transplanted after two HACE courses. The only HCC patient died because of pulmonary oil embolism immediately after the third HACE course. HACE can lead to tumor regression in most cases and may be considered an alternative for patients with unresectable liver tumors who do not respond to primary systemic chemotherapy and are not candidates for liver transplantation for various reasons. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver involvement in neuroblastoma: The memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience supports treatment reduction in young patients
Authors: Kushner Brian H. , Kramer Kim , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Modak Shakeel , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundWe reviewed clinical and biologic findings in a series of infants with neuroblastoma (NB) in liver. The aim was to gain insights into improving therapy.Patients and MethodsAmong 19 newly or recently diagnosed infants with NB in liver, 1987–2002, those with stage 4 involving bone received chemotherapy, while those without bone or extensive bone marrow (BM) involvement were observed or received limited treatment if NB caused life‐threatening symptoms. We assessed results in the context of NB treatment risk stratification, which is based on age, stage, and selected biologic features (MYCN, ploidy, histology).ResultsSix of eight infants with bone involvement became long‐term event‐free survivors including 1/2 with MYCN amplification and four who received only 4–6 cycles of chemotherapy; at the end of treatment, four infants had abnormalities in liver ± the primary site, but these resolved. All 11 infants without bone lesions became long‐term survivors with either no cytotoxic therapy or only one cycle of chemotherapy (± radiotherapy to liver), including four who had stage 4 and one stage 4S patient who still had NB in BM at age 15 months.ConclusionsTreatment reduction should be considered for subsets of infants with non‐MYCN‐amplified widespread NB: stage 4 without bone or extensive BM involvement may not require cytotoxic therapy, stage 4S with symptomatic hepatomegaly may not require multiple cycles of chemotherapy, and classic stage 4 may do well with limited chemotherapy. Persistent liver abnormalities post‐treatment may not require continued therapy to achieve a radiologic complete remission. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric surface osteosarcoma: Clinical, pathologic, and radiologic features
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , Fuller Christine E. , Saharia Ashish , Neel Michael D. , Rao Bhaskar N. , Daw Najat C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundOsteosarcoma (OS) arising from the surface of bone is far less common than its intramedullary counterpart. Although surface OSs share some radiographic and clinical features, they can be divided into three distinct histologic subtypes.ProcedureWe reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of 14 cases of pediatric surface OS treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1970 and 2003.ResultsSeven patients had parosteal, five had periosteal, and two had high‐grade surface OS. The median age at diagnosis was 16.2 years (range, 13.6–18.5 years). Nine patients were male; 11 were Caucasian. None had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Primary tumor sites included distal femur (n = 6), mid to proximal femur (n = 4), and mid to proximal tibia (n = 4). All 14 patients were treated with surgery, and 7 (1 with parosteal, 4 with periosteal, 2 with high‐grade tumors) received chemotherapy. One patient experienced pulmonary metastasis of periosteal OS 16 months and 43 months after diagnosis; long‐term disease‐free survival followed resection of the metastatic tumors. Twelve patients remained alive and disease‐free a median of 10 years (range, 1.5–25.4 years) after diagnosis. One patient died of high‐grade surface OS 1.8 years after diagnosis, and one patient with periosteal OS died of gastric cancer 18.2 years after diagnosis of OS.ConclusionsThe histologic grade predicts the clinical behavior of pediatric surface OS. Complete resection is the treatment of choice regardless of tumor subtype. Whereas chemotherapy is not indicated for parosteal OS, its role in periosteal OS remains controversial. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the attitude of immigrants toward primary prevention of the hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Giordano Piero C. , Dihal Ashwin A. , Harteveld Cornelis L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted population specific confidential enquiries among immigrants who had never experienced hemoglobinopathies, to study the reliability of this approach in estimating the wish for primary prevention by prenatal diagnosis and selective abortion.MethodsWe collected data from Surinamese Hindustanis (n = 119), Surinamese and Antillean Afro‐Americans (n = 105) and North Africans (mainly Moroccans) (n = 102), living in Holland. We also interviewed 105 informed individuals of different ethnicities, all members of the multi‐ethnic patients and carriers' organization ‘OSCAR Nederland’.ResultsOn average, 68% of the Surinamese Hindustanis and 42% of the Surinamese Afro‐Americans were in favor of selective abortion in case of affected pregnancy. Remarkably, 77% of the last group wanted to be tested for carrier diagnostics and 67% declared to have knowledge of the disease before they were informed. Only 16% of the Moroccans were in favor of selective abortion in case of an affected fetus, while 79% wanted to have blood analysis to establish their carrier status.ConclusionsThe apparently limited wish for selective abortion expressed by Moroccans is in contrast with the high number of illegal abortions reported among married women in Morocco (39%). The wish for selective abortion among informed members of the patients' organization was more than 80%. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly(styrene‐co‐glycerol dimethacrylate): Synthesis, characterization, and application as a resin for gel‐phase peptide synthesis
Authors: Roice Michael , Pillai V. N. Rajasekharan 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn efficient cross‐linked polymer support for solid‐phase synthesis was prepared by introducing glycerol dimethacrylate cross‐linker to polystyrene network using free radical aqueous suspension polymerization. The support was characterized by various spectroscopic methods. Morphological feature of the resin was analyzed by microscopy. The polymerization reaction was investigated with respect to the effect of amount of cross‐linking agent, which in turn vary the swelling, loading, and the mechanical stability of the resin. The solvent uptake of the polymer was studied in relation to cross‐linking and compared with Merrifield resin. The stability of the resin was tested in different synthetic conditions used for solid‐phase peptide synthesis. Hydroxy group of the support was derivatized to chloro and then amino groups using different reagents and reaction conditions. Efficiency of the support was tested and compared with TentaGel™ resin by following different steps involved in the synthesis of the 65–74 fragment of acyl carrier protein. The results showed that the poly(styrene‐co‐glycerol dimethacrylate) (GDMA‐PS) is equally efficient as TentaGel resin in peptide synthesis. The purity of the peptides was analyzed by HPLC and identities were determined by mass spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4382–4392, 2005
Surface characterization and properties of plasma‐modified cyclic olefin copolymer/layered silicate nanocomposites
Authors: Wu Tzong‐Ming , Wu Chine‐Wen 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this study, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)/layered silicate nanocomposites (CLSNs) were prepared by the intercalation of COC polymer into organically‐modified layered silicate through the solution mixing process. Both X‐ray diffraction data and transmission electron microscopy images of CLSNs indicate most of the swellable silicate layers were disorderedly intercalated into the COC matrix. The effect of layered silicate on the mechanical and barrier properties of the fabricated nanocomposites shows significant improvements in the storage modulus and water permeability when compared with that of neat COC matrix. Surfaces of COC and CLSN films were modified by a mixture of oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) plasmas with various treated times, system pressures, and radio frequency (RF) powers. The surfaces of plasma‐modified COC and CLSN were investigated using scanning probe microscopy and contact‐angle measurements. The exposure of the COC and CLSN film to the plasmas led to the combination of etching reactions of polymer surface initiated by plasma and the following addition reactions of new functional groups onto polymer surfaces to change the topology of COC film surfaces. The surface roughness was closely related to how high and how long the RF power was input into the system. The plasmas also led to changes in the surface properties of the CLSN surfaces from hydrophobic to hydrophilic; and the contact angle of water on the surface decreases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2745–2753, 2005
Geomorphological, hydrological and climatic significance of rock glaciers in the Andes of Central Chile (33–35°S)
Authors: Brenning Alexander 
Published: August 2005

AbstractRock glaciers in the Andes of Santiago de Chile occupy c. 10% of the total land surface between 3500 and 4250 m ASL. An estimated water equivalent of 0.3 km3 per 1000 km2 of mountain area is stored within them; this value is one order of magnitude higher than in the Swiss Alps. Climate data indicate that the lowest occurrences of active rock glaciers in the Andes of Santiago are not in equilibrium with modern climate. Relict features are found as low as at 2630 m ASL, implying a depression of the mean annual air temperature of at least c. 5.5°C. South of Santiago, active rock glacier distribution ends at 35° 15′S due to lower topography, young volcanism and increased humidity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying permafrost patterns using Minkowski densities
Authors: Roth Kurt , Boike Julia , Vogel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMinkowski densities and density functions are measures for quantifying arbitrary binary patterns. They are employed here to describe permafrost patterns obtained from aerial photographs. We demonstrate that images taken at two neighbouring sites shown distinctly different patterns and quantify the difference. It is found that one of the sites exhibits an essentially single‐scale structure while the other one has a multiscale organization. Minkowski densities and density functions are thus proposed as sensitive and objective measures to quantify the change of permafrost patterns in space or in time. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near‐surface ground ice in sediments of the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada
Authors: Kokelj S. V. , Burn C. R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe ice content of near‐surface permafrost was determined at more than 70 sites in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories. Willow and alder communities growing on aggrading surfaces with well‐drained sandy silts and ‘warm’ ground temperatures were underlain by permafrost with low ice content. Spruce forests above the level of annual flooding, lakeside alder communities in the central and southern delta, and sedge wetlands in the northern delta with moist silty loam soils, low sedimentation rates and ‘cold’ ground temperatures were underlain by medium to high ice‐content permafrost. Beneath spruce forests, a layer of near‐surface ice accumulation 1 to 2 m thick was underlain by alluvium bonded by pore ice. These profiles indicate that contemporary conditions favour near‐surface ice accumulation. The preservation of ice‐poor permafrost at depth demonstrates the limited vertical accumulation of near‐surface segregated ice. In contrast, at lakeshore alder or sedge wetlands, segregated ice extended at least 2 m below the base of the active layer, indicating that permafrost aggraded in a saturated environment. Development of ground ice in the Mackenzie Delta may elevate alluvial surfaces, modify the flooding regime, and thereby influence soil conditions and ecological succession. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light scattering by dislocations in group‐III nitrides
Authors: Rebane Y. T. , Gorbunov R. I. , Shreter Y. G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLight scattering by dislocations in group‐III nitrides has been studied. The effects of dislocation strain field and hollow cores on light scattering have been investigated. It is found that the coreless edge dislocation and the edge dislocations with hollow cores both participate in light scattering. Screw dislocations contribute to light scattering only if they have hollow cores. Analytical expressions for differential cross sections of light scattering by edge and screw dislocations have been obtained. Transport cross sections for in‐plane and transversal light polarizations have been calculated. Calculated spectral dependencies of the scattering cross sections show significant resonant enhancement of the light scattering in the vicinity of the absorption edge. An angle diffusion coefficient of light beam directions has been obtained that can be used for experimental determination of density, Burgers vectors and core radii of threading dislocations in III‐nitride crystals by optical means. In crystal films with high dislocation density the exponential decay of laterally propagating light rays resulting from scattering by dislocations can exceed the decay related to light absorption. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)