bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential for increasing the amounts of bioavailable zinc in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) through plant breeding
Authors: House William A , Welch Ross M , Beebe Steven , Cheng Z 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA whole‐body radioassay procedure was used to assess the bioavailability to rats of zinc (Zn) in seeds of 18 genotypes of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) that were grown hydroponically. Dry beans that were labelled intrinsically with 65Zn were added to test meals fed to rats that were marginally Zn‐deficient. The amount of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from 26.7 to 62.4 µg g−1 (from 0.41 to 0.95 µmol g−1) dry weight (DW). Similarly, the amount of iron (Fe) in the beans varied nearly twofold (from 52.3 to 96.3 µg g−1 DW), and Zn and Fe concentrations were positively correlated. Concentrations of myo‐inositolhexaphosphate (IP6) plus myo‐inositolpentaphosphate (IP5) varied from 18.1 to 27.3 µmol g−1 DW. Cultivars with white‐coloured seeds contained relatively small amounts of tannins varying from 0.12 to 0.16 mg g−1 DW (determined as catechin equivalents) compared to those with coloured seed coats (up to 2.58 mg g−1 DW). All rats readily ate the test meals so that Zn intake varied directly with seed‐Zn concentration. As indicated by 65Zn absorption, the bioavailability to rats of Zn in the seeds varied between genotypes and ranged from about 78 to 95% of the total Zn in the seeds. The bioavailability of Zn to marginally Zn‐deficient rats was not affected markedly by either IP5 + IP6 or tannin in the dry beans. These results demonstrate that the concentration of Zn in dry beans can be increased through traditional plant‐breeding techniques and that this may result in significant increases in the amount of bioavailable Zn in the beans. Increasing the amount of Zn in beans may contribute significantly to improving the Zn status of individuals dependent on beans as a staple food.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Gel‐forming properties of surimi produced from bigeye snapper, Priacanthus tayenus and P macracanthus, stored in ice
Authors: Benjakul Soottawat , Visessanguan Wonnop , Riebroy Siriporn , Ishizaki Shoichiro , Tanaka Munihiko 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe influence of iced storage of two species of bigeye snapper, Priacanthus tayenus and P macracanthus, on the gel‐forming ability of the resulting surimi was investigated. Upon iced storage, whole fish underwent deterioration faster than beheaded/eviscerated fish. Total volatile base and trimethylamine contents of whole fish were higher than those of beheaded/eviscerated fish, particularly after 9 days of storage (P < 0.05). P macracanthus muscle was more susceptible to proteolytic degradation than P tayenus muscle. Ca2+‐ATPase activity decreased as the storage time increased (P < 0.05), indicating the denaturation of myosin. A marked decrease in Ca2+‐ATPase activity was found in whole fish kept for more than 6 days in ice (P < 0.05). Breaking force and deformation of surimi gels from both species decreased, with a concomitant decrease in whiteness, as the storage time increased (P < 0.05). Beheading and evisceration of fish retarded the deterioration. However, the gel‐forming ability of surimi produced from both species decreased continuously throughout iced storage (P < 0.05), probably owing to the denaturation and degradation of myofibrillar proteins.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
The preparation and physical characterisation of modified soybean polysaccharides
Authors: Fang Jianmin , Fowler Paul , Tomkinson Jeremy , Hill Callum A S 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel and facile method for modification of soybean polysaccharides was applied. This involved a swelling water‐solvent exchange technique. A series of stearoylated soybean polysaccharides was prepared under homogeneous reaction conditions in an N,N‐dimethylformamide/lithium chloride system by reaction with stearoyl chloride using 4‐dimethylaminopyridine as catalyst and triethylamine as acid acceptor. At a reaction temperature of 80 °C and time of 30 min, approximately 1 mol of the soybean polysaccharides, when reacted with 3 mol of reagent, resulted in an 85% yield. The products were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that the modified soybean polysaccharides had improved thermal stability and enhanced solubility in organic solvents compared with their unmodified counterparts.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Chondrosarcoma of bone: Functional outcome and quality of life
Authors: van der Geest I.C.M. , Servaes P. , Schreuder H.W.B. , Bleijenberg G. , Verhagen C.A.H.H.V.M. , Pruszczynski M. , Lemmens J.A.M. , Veth R.P.H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesOutcome studies of chondrosarcoma have so far only reported oncological and functional results. Quality‐of‐life assessment becomes more important because more long‐term survival after treatment of malignant diseases occur. The objective of this study is to analyze functional outcome and quality of life.MethodsFunctional evaluation of the patients was carried out according to the MSTS functional scoring system. For assessment of quality of life, questionnaires were used.ResultsResponse of the questionnaires sent to 45 disease‐free patients was 84%. The mean functional score of these 38 patients was 74% (20–100%). Best functional results were seen after bone graft reconstruction and curettage and cryosurgery with reconstruction. Quality‐of‐life analysis revealed a mean global health status of 75 (66–84). Furthermore, 24% of the patients experienced severe fatigue. Patients reported more problems with regard to physical functioning and sleep in comparison with healthy controls. No correlation was found between global health status scores and functional scores.ConclusionsFunctional scores depend on the type of treatment with best results after curettage and cryosurgery. Quality‐of‐life analysis reveals problems on several domains, including fatigue, physical functioning and sleep. J. Surg. Oncol. 2002;81:70–74. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraluminal albumin stent assisted laser welding for ureteral anastomosis
Authors: Xie Hua , Shaffer Brian S. , Prahl Scott A. , Gregory Kenton W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe success of laser tissue welding or soldering depends on optimal laser settings, solder material, and tissue type and geometry. To develop a practical laser welding technique for ureteral repair, an intraluminal albumin stent was designed to enhance the welding effects on ureteral end to end anastomosis.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn vitro porcine ureters were anastomosed using an albumin stent alone, the albumin stent plus a solder, and the solder alone. All welding was performed with an 810‐nm diode laser with either a continuous wave (1 W, CW) or two pulse modes (2 W, 3.3 Hz; 1 W, 5 Hz). Laser parameters, tensile strength (TS) and burst pressure (BP) of the ureteral anastomosis, and tissue thermal injury were measured.ResultsIn the 2‐W pulse mode, BP in the albumin stent plus solder group (mean 185 mmHg) and the stent only group (mean 133 mmHg) were significantly higher than the solder only group (mean 77 mmHg, P < 0.05). Laser ureteral anastomosis with the stent plus solder group at 1‐W CW and 2‐W pulse laser modes yielded the highest TS (mean 97, 82 g) and BP (mean 183, 185 mmHg). Among the three modes, the 1 W pulse delivered the lowest energy and yielded the lowest TS and BP in ureteral anastomosis. There was no significant difference in the thermal damage to the tissue among the modes and groups.ConclusionsUsing the albumin stent increased the reliability of ureter end‐to‐end laser anastomosis. Further studies will be warranted in vivo and other tubular organs as well. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:225–229, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential use of diode laser soldering in middle ear reconstruction
Authors: Ditkoff Michael , Blevins Nikolas H. , Perrault Donald , Shapshay Stanley M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo assess the potential use of diode laser soldering to improve mechanical stability of middle ear reconstruction. The diode laser with a biological solder may offer benefits over traditional methods. We evaluated the strength of soldered bonds and a means to apply such a technique in the human middle ear.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe strength of soldered junctions using fascia, cartilage, bone, and hydroxyappatite was evaluated in vitro. A diode laser (810‐nm wavelength) and 50% albumin with 0.1% indocyanine green dye was used. Soldered bonds were compared to those obtained with adhesive alone. A fiberoptic delivery system was evaluated. Ten hydroxyappatite prostheses were soldered to the stapes in human cadaver temporal bones, and the force required to disrupt the bonds were measured.ResultsStatistically significant greater strength was obtained with soldering. Ossicular prostheses can be effectively secured to the stapes in a cadaver model.ConclusionsSoldering techniques show promise in middle ear reconstruction. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:242–246, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of budesonide on the methylation and mRNA expression of the insulin‐like growth factor 2 and c‐myc genes in mouse lung tumors
Authors: Tao Lianhui , Li Yingzhe , Wang Wei , Kramer Paula M. , Gunning William T. , Lubet Ronald A. , Steele Vernon E. , Pereira Michael A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of surrogate end‐point biomarkers could help in the development of chemopreventive agents. To define potential surrogate end‐point biomarkers, the ability of budesonide to decrease mRNA expression of the insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (Igf‐II) and c‐myc genes and to cause the remethylation of the genes was investigated in lung tumors. Lung tumors were induced in female strain A mice by administering i.p. 16 mg/kg vinyl carbamate for 2 consecutive wk or by a single dose of 100 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Thirty‐four weeks later, the mice given vinyl carbamate received budesonide (0.6 or 2.4 mg/kg diet) for 7 d and then were killed. Mice were killed 24 wk after administration of B[a]P. The mRNA expression of the Igf‐II and c‐myc genes was increased in lung tumors relative to normal lung tissue. Budesonide decreased mRNA expression of both genes in tumors. The methylation status of 27 CpG sites in the differentially methylated region 2 in the Igf‐II gene was determined with the bisulfite‐treated DNA‐sequencing procedure. The numbers of methylated CpG sites were 17–21 in normal lung (70.4 ± 2.6%); 0–2, and 1–2 in lung tumors induced by vinyl carbamate and B[a]P (4.9 ± 1.2% and 4.6 ± 1.2%, respectively); and 4–5 or 7–16 in tumors after treatment with 0.6 or 2.4 mg/kg budesonide (16.0 ± 1.2% and 46.2 ± 5.1%, respectively). Thus, lung tumors had strikingly less methylated CpG sites than normal lung tissue, while even limited treatment with budesonide resulted in remethylation of the CpG sites in tumors. With HpaII digestion followed by Southern blot analysis, the internal cytosine of CCGG sites in the c‐myc gene was found to be methylated in normal lung tissue, whereas some of the sites were unmethylated in lung tumors. Treatment for 7 d with budesonide resulted in the remethylation of these sites. In conclusion, mouse lung tumors showed decreased methylation of the Igf‐II and c‐myc genes that was associated with increased expression of these genes. Budesonide treatment caused remethylation and decreased expression of both genes. The results support the possibility of using decreased mRNA expression and remethylation of the Igf‐II and c‐myc genes as biomarkers for the efficacy of budesonide. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an attentional strategy on movement‐related potentials recorded from subjects with Huntington's disease
Authors: Johnson Katherine A. , Cunnington Ross , Bradshaw John L. , Chiu Edmond , Iansek Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHuntington's disease patients perform automatic movements in a bradykinetic manner, somewhat similar to patients with Parkinson's disease. Cortical activity relating to the preparation of movement in Parkinson's disease is significantly improved when a cognitive strategy is used. It is unknown whether patients with Huntington's disease can utilise an attentional strategy, and what effect this strategy would have on the premovement cortical activity. Movement‐related potentials were recorded from 12 Huntington's disease patients and controls performing externally cued finger tapping movement, allowing an examination of cortical activity related to movement performance and bradykinesia in this disease. All subjects were tested in two conditions, which differed only by the presence or absence of the cognitive strategy. The Huntington's disease group, unlike controls, did not produce a rising premovement potential in the absence of the strategy. The Huntington's disease group did produce a rising premovement potential for the strategy condition, but the early slope of the potential was significantly reduced compared with the control group's early slope. These results are similar to those found previously with Parkinson's disease patients. The strategy may have put the task, which previously might have been under deficient automatic control, under attentional control. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term course of restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients after kidney transplantation
Authors: Winkelmann Juliane , Stautner Anette , Samtleben Walter , Trenkwalder Claudia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common cause of sleep disturbance and is frequently experienced by hemodialysis patients. Factors triggering the disease in uremia have not yet been identified. To our knowledge, the course of RLS symptoms after kidney transplantation has not been investigated systematically. We investigated the clinical long‐term course of RLS in hemodialysis patients who underwent kidney transplantation. Patients were given a standardized questionnaire three times: at baseline, and twice after their kidney transplants. The severity of RLS was rated by the patients (0 =no symptoms, 10 = very severe symptoms). The description of the final outcome was based on the last follow‐up visit. Eleven of 64 hemodialysis patients with RLS received a transplant (5 men, 6 women; severity of RLS at baseline, 7.8 ± 0.7 [mean ± SEM]). In all patients, RLS symptoms disappeared within 1 to 21 days after transplantation. At follow‐up visits, 4 patients whose transplanted kidneys still functioned well were still free of RLS symptoms up to the longest follow‐up period of 9 years. In 3 other patients, RLS symptoms gradually reappeared (severity, 1 ± 0). In 3 of 11 patients, the transplant failed and RLS symptoms reoccurred within 10 days to 2 months (severity, 7.3 ± 2.6). RLS symptoms reoccurred in 1 patient with failure of the transplant but disappeared again after a second, successful transplant. Kidney transplantation has a strong and positive influence on RLS symptoms in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis patients can expect a substantial improvement of RLS symptoms after a successful kidney transplant. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Note on a versatile Liapunov functional: applicability to an elliptic equation
Authors: Flavin J. N. , Rionero S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel, very effective Liapunov functional was used in previous papers to derive decay and asymptotic stability estimates (with respect to time) in a variety of thermal and thermo‐mechanical contexts. The purpose of this note is to show that the versatility of this functional extends to certain non‐linear elliptic boundary value problems in a right cylinder, the axial co‐ordinate in this context replacing the time variable in the previous one. A steady‐state temperature problem is considered with Dirichlet boundary conditions, the condition on the boundary being independent of the axial co‐ordinate. The functional is used to obtain an estimate of the error committed in approximating the temperature field by the two‐dimensional field induced by the boundary condition on the lateral surface. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of essential problems in the design of smart antenna system
Authors: Im Heung‐Jae , Choi Seungwon , Choi Byungcho , Kim Hyeongdong , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis Letter addresses some problems arising in smart antenna systems (SAS). The problems considered in this Letter are (1) the criterion of computing the weight vector, (2) the number of quantization bits for the weight vector, (3) the selection of the reference antenna element, and (4) what happens in the angle spread? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 31–34, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10022
Parasitic element dependent scattering parameter evaluation of GaN MESFET
Authors: Singh Adarsh , Bose Srikanta , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnalytical expressions for parasitic‐element‐dependent scattering parameters of a non‐self‐aligned GaN MESFET are evaluated and their variation with frequency is shown. Maximum stable gain and maximum transducer power gain of the device are also evaluated and it is found that a GaN MESFET with the dimensions (1.5 × 100 μm) has maximum stable gain of about 13 dB. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 54–57, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10230
Scattering characteristics of FSS on two anisotropic layers for incident co‐polarized plane waves
Authors: Campos A. L. P. S. , d'Assunção A. G. , Neto A. Gomes 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA full‐wave analysis is presented for the scattering problem from a frequency‐selective surface (FSS) comprised of a periodic array of conducting patch elements on two dielectric layers. The formulation is carried out in the spectral domain, where the convolution form of the integral equation for the induced current is reduced to an algebraic one. This equation is then solved with the use of the immittance approach and the moment method in the spectral domain. A set of entire‐domain basis functions is included in the expansion for the unknown induced current. This analysis is computationally efficient. Numerical and experimental results are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 57–61, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10231
Dielectric cover effect on mutual coupling between cylindrical–rectangular microstrip patch elements with the use of the conformal FDTD method
Authors: Lee Byungje , Byun Joonho , Kang Gi‐Cho , Lee Hark‐Yong , Lee Ho‐Joon , Lee Jong‐Chul , Kim Jong‐Heon , Kim Nam‐Young 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe mutual coupling between cylindrical–rectangular microstrip patch antennas with a cylindrical superstrate is analyzed with the use of the conformal FDTD (CFDTD) method. The method is also applied to antennas mounted on flat structures for comparison. The effects of superstrate permittivity and thickness on the mutual coupling between cylindrical–rectangular microstrip patch antennas are presented. Curvature effects on the mutual coupling are also shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 64–68, 2002
Synthesis method and tapering rule choice for tapered nonlinear transmission lines
Authors: Jrad A. , Ferrari P. , Tao J. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTapered NLTLs are very interesting for pulse‐compression applications. They allow metallic losses to be minimized and need fewer diodes than classical NLTLs. But their design is not easy due to the choice of the input Bragg frequency and the tapering rule. This Letter proposes a systematic method where input and output Bragg frequencies are automatically fixed. The importance of the tapering rule is also shown. Linear tapering gives better results than geometric. For the same number of diodes, output fall time is smaller and the NLTL is shorter for the same amplitude. The systematic method is applied with linear tapering to GaAs NLTL designed for pulse compression from 16 to 2 ps and shows a great improvement in the output amplitude (more than 50%). The present results are based on SPICE simulations, including diode and linear transmission line dc metallic losses. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 68–71, 2002
Multisection frequency filter consisting of a series of cylindrical resonators loaded with ring gratings
Authors: Khardikov Vyacheslav V. , Kazanskiy Vadim B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe problem of diffraction of cylindrical TEon‐wave on an axial‐symmetric series of N identical inhomogeneous resonators and sections of uniform waveguide is solved by the methods of theory of circuits and matrix functions. The resonator's internal region contains three magnetodielectric layers and a dense grating of conducting rings. The frequency and interference dependencies of the scattered field amplitudes and their dynamics are determined in the cases of strong and weak coupling between the resonators, single‐mode and multi‐mode bands, and high power density at the peripheric region. A correlation between the frequency dependence of the investigated filter and the pass bands of its infinite analogue's eigenwaves are established. The mechanism of exciting super‐high‐Q resonance oscillations absolutely transparent with loss‐free systems is analyzed. A model of the frequency filter with non‐mechanical control is proposed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 87–90, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10524
Application of the multipole theory method to the analysis of finlines
Authors: Zheng Qinhong , Song Ming 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the multipole theory (MT) method is presented as a new approach for determining the cutoff frequency and analyzing the propagation characteristics of finlines. The inhomogeneous field domain of finline is treated as a combination of several simple homogeneous regions, and the solution of the governing partial differential equation is represented by a generalized MT formula. An extensive comparison with the exact data of the literature and various configurations of the finlines show the accuracy and flexibility of the MT method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 100–102, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10528
Research on the dynamic performance of MEMS micromirrors
Authors: Enguang Dai , Matin M. A. , Guan Yan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a series of dynamic problems in developing and characterizing micromirror. A new application of MEMS micromirror‐based fast tunable VCSEL in wavelength routing switching has been proposed. The micromirror dynamic design aspects such as working modal selection, modal sequence shift, dynamic deformation, and electrical parameter fluctuation have been studied. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 111–113, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10531
Sparse approximate inverse preconditioned CG‐FFT algorithm with block toeplitz matrix for fast analysis of microstrip circuits
Authors: Chen R. S. , Tsang K. F. , Yung Edward K. N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the multifrontal method is employed to precondition the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm with the block Toeplitz matrix based fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique for dense matrix equations from the mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) to enhance the computational efficiency of the CG‐FFT algorithm. Our numerical calculations show that the preconditioned CG‐FFT algorithm with this Sparse Approximate Inverse preconditioner can converge hundreds of times faster than the conventional one for the analysis of microstrip. Some typical microstrip discontinuities are analyzed and the good results demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 120–125, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10534