bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’asse dello stress: regolazione neuro-endocrino-immuno-metabolica e ruolo nello sviluppo della sindrome metabolica e della depressione
Authors: Lombardo Giulia , Belcastro Sara , Mondelli Valeria , Gianotti Laura 
Published: November 2023

SommarioLo stress rappresenta la risposta di adattamento dell’organismo a una minaccia all’equilibrio (omeostasi) dell’organismo da parte di eventi o stressor di natura intrinseca o estrinseca, reali o percepiti. Gli stressor attivano un variegato e intricato repertorio di risposte fisiologiche biologiche e comportamentali (allostasi) volte a ristabilire l’equilibrio ottimale dell’organismo (eustasi). La risposta adattiva agli stressor dipende da una complessa rete psico-neuro-endocrino-immuno-metabolica, cellulare e molecolare altamente interconnessa, chiamata proprio sistema o asse dello stress. I componenti chiave sono rappresentati dall’asse ipotalamo-ipofisi-surrene (HPA) e dal sistema nervoso autonomo (SNA), che interagiscono con altri centri vitali del sistema nervoso centrale (SNC) e con organi periferici e sistemi, dalla cui attivazione complessiva si genera una risposta rapida, efficace, multisistemica e autolimitantesi, che permette all’organismo una reazione corporea e neuropsichica ottimale. Le catecolamine e il cortisolo rappresentano gli attori principali che esplicano e attivano le reazioni psichiche e comportamentali dell’individuo nella reazione di stress, la cosiddetta reazione fight or flight. L’azione delle catecolamine è breve, quella del cortisolo più duratura e mediata dall’attivazione dei recettori del cortisolo (GR e MR, recettori dei glucocorticoidi e mineralcorticoidi rispettivamente) espressi ubiquitariamente. Attraverso azioni non genomiche e genomiche i glucocorticoidi modulano una serie di processi metabolici, con caratteristiche sesso specifiche. Una delle conseguenze della reazione dello stress, in condizioni in cui quest’ultimo sia persistente o non adeguatamente regolato, è lo sviluppo di uno stato infiammatorio cronico. Il cortisolo ha un ruolo rilevante nell’equilibrio citochinico pro/antinfiammatorio. In condizioni di stress cronico questo equilibrio viene meno e si crea uno scenario caratterizzato da risposte infiammatorie eccessive. È oggi definito il ruolo dello stato infiammatorio cronico nella fisiopatologia della sindrome metabolica, dell’obesità e del diabete, così come della depressione. In questa rassegna percorreremo, sulla base delle evidenze della letteratura, i meccanismi psico-neuro-endocrino-metabolici sottesi alla regolazione dello stress e alle conseguenze metaboliche e psichiche potenzialmente generabili e correlate allo stress cronico o all’alterata regolazione dello stesso.
Repetitive research: a conceptual space and terminology of replication, reproduction, revision, reanalysis, reinvestigation and reuse in digital humanities
Authors: Schöch Christof 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article is motivated by the ‘reproducibility crisis’ that is being discussed intensely in fields such as Psychology or Biology but is also becoming increasingly relevant to Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities, not least in the context of Open Science. Using the phrase ‘repetitive research’ as an umbrella term for a range of practices from replication to follow-up research, and with the objective to provide clarity and help establish best practices in this area, this article focuses on two issues: First, the conceptual space of repetitive research is described across five key dimensions, namely those of the research question or hypothesis, the dataset, the method of analysis, the team, and the results or conclusions. Second, building on this new description of the conceptual space and on earlier terminological work, a specific set of terms for recurring scenarios of repetitive research is proposed. For each scenario, its position in the conceptual space is defined, its typical purpose and added value in the research process are discussed, the requirements for enabling it are described, and illustrative examples from the domain of Computational Literary Studies are provided. The key contribution of this article, therefore, is a proposal for a transparent terminology underpinned by a systematic model of the conceptual space of repetitive research.
Lay health worker research personnel for home-based data collection in clinical and translational research: Qualitative and quantitative findings from two trials in hard-to-reach populations
Authors: Wagner Julie , Barth Cheryl , Bermúdez-Millán Angela , Buxton Orfeu M. , Kong Sengly , Kuoch Theanvy , Lampert Rachel , Pérez-Escamilla Rafael , Scully Mary , Segura-Pérez Sofia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims:
The role of lay health workers in data collection for clinical and translational research studies is not well described. We explored lay health workers as data collectors in clinical and translational research studies. We also present several methods for examining their work, i.e., qualitative interviews, fidelity checklists, and rates of unusable/missing data.

Methods:
We conducted 2 randomized, controlled trials that employed lay health research personnel (LHR) who were employed by community-based organizations. In one study, n = 3 Latina LHRs worked with n = 107 Latino diabetic participants. In another study, n = 6 LHR worked with n = 188 Cambodian American refugees with depression. We investigated proficiency in biological, behavioral, and psychosocial home-based data collection conducted by LHR. We also conducted in-depth interviews with lay LHR to explore their experience in this research role. Finally, we described the training, supervision, and collaboration for LHR to be successful in their research role.

Results:
Independent observers reported a very high degree of fidelity to technical data collection protocols (>95%) and low rates of missing/unusable data (1.5%–11%). Qualitative results show that trust, training, communication, and supervision are key and that LHR report feeling empowered by their role. LHR training included various content areas over several weeks with special attention to LHR and participant safety. Training and supervision from both the academic researchers and the staff at the community-based organizations were necessary and had to be well-coordinated.

Conclusions:
Carefully selected, trained, and supervised LHRs can collect sophisticated data for community-based clinical and translational research.
Essential team science skills for biostatisticians on collaborative research teams
Authors: Slade Emily , Brearley Ann M. , Coles Adrian , Hayat Matthew J. , Kulkarni Pandurang M. , Nowacki Amy S. , Oster Robert A. , Posner Michael A. , Samsa Gregory , Spratt Heidi , Troy Jesse , Pomann Gina-Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Despite the critical role that quantitative scientists play in biomedical research, graduate programs in quantitative fields often focus on technical and methodological skills, not on collaborative and leadership skills. In this study, we evaluate the importance of team science skills among collaborative biostatisticians for the purpose of identifying training opportunities to build a skilled workforce of quantitative team scientists.Methods:Our workgroup described 16 essential skills for collaborative biostatisticians. Collaborative biostatisticians were surveyed to assess the relative importance of these skills in their current work. The importance of each skill is summarized overall and compared across career stages, highest degrees earned, and job sectors.Results:Survey respondents were 343 collaborative biostatisticians spanning career stages (early: 24.2%, mid: 33.8%, late: 42.0%) and job sectors (academia: 69.4%, industry: 22.2%, government: 4.4%, self-employed: 4.1%). All 16 skills were rated as at least somewhat important by > 89.0% of respondents. Significant heterogeneity in importance by career stage and by highest degree earned was identified for several skills. Two skills (“regulatory requirements” and “databases, data sources, and data collection tools”) were more likely to be rated as absolutely essential by those working in industry (36.5%, 65.8%, respectively) than by those in academia (19.6%, 51.3%, respectively). Three additional skills were identified as important by survey respondents, for a total of 19 collaborative skills.Conclusions:We identified 19 team science skills that are important to the work of collaborative biostatisticians, laying the groundwork for enhancing graduate programs and establishing effective on-the-job training initiatives to meet workforce needs.
Credit in Society and in Sociology: On “The Bank and Its Customers” (Bourdieu, Boltanski, Chamboredon, 1963)
Authors: Ducourant Hélène , Lazarus Jeanne 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 1963, a young French sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu, together with two assistants—Luc Boltanski and Jean-Claude Chamboredon—conducted the first sociological study of the credit practices of a major French bank, entitled “The Bank and Its Customers”. This article discusses the context, the findings and the legacy of this study. First, the article sketches the landscape of the emerging mass credit market in France in the early 1960s. Then, the paper summarizes and analyses the report itself. We also demonstrate how bank-customer interactions and credit continued to be a subject of interest for Bourdieu throughout his subsequent career. Finally, the paper seeks to contribute to comparative research on the varieties of national configurations of private indebtedness in relation to the level of development of the welfare state.
Access and travel burden associated with breast radiotherapy attendance pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Purden Joseph , Jackson Tristan , Tales Andrea , Lewis Ryan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
It is already well-understood that patients requiring multiple hospital visits deal with several barriers. This paper considers a new methodology for determining the barrier that travel can cause, applying it to the mixed rural-city population of South-West Wales, calculating the travel burden for patients accessing radiotherapy. Travel burden could factor into conversations around optimisation of appointments and the impact of changes to treatment pathways.

Methods:
Patient-specific travel data were calculated using Google Maps, for 1516 patients attending South-West Wales Cancer Centre for radiotherapy, modelled for 5-fraction and 15-fraction regimes.

Results:
28% of patients travelled for longer than 60 minutes. Moving to a 5-fraction treatment regime saves 20 one-way trips to the hospital, resulting in an average time saving of 15.9 hours for those travelling by car and 39.3 hours for those travelling by public transport. On average, this reduces carbon dioxide emissions by 91 kg per patient.

Conclusions:
Implementation of a 5-fraction treatment regime has significantly reduced the travel burden for some patients receiving radiotherapy, as well as emissions related to travel. However, access to radiotherapy services in South-West Wales varies, with certain regions facing substantial travel burdens. Further research exploring other potential options to reduce travel burden is needed.
Breakthrough results in astrobiology: is ‘high risk’ research needed?
Authors: Jeancolas Cyrille , Gillen Cat , McMahon Sean , Ward Martin , Vickers Peter John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Astrobiology is a scientific endeavour involving great uncertainties. This could justify intellectual risk-taking associated with research that significantly deviates from the mainstream, to explore new avenues. However, little is known regarding the effect of such maverick endeavours. To better understand the need for more or less risk in astrobiology, we investigate to what extent high-risk / high-impact research contributes to breakthrough results in the discipline. We gathered a sample of the most impactful astrobiology papers of the past 20 years and explored the degree of risk of the research projects behind these papers via contact with the corresponding authors. We carried out interviews to explore how attitudes towards risk have played out in their work, and to ascertain their opinions on risk-taking in astrobiology. We show the majority of the selected breakthrough results derive from endeavours considered medium- or high-risk, risk is significantly correlated with impact, and most of the discussed projects adopt exploratory approaches. Overall, the researchers display a distribution of attitudes towards risk from the more cautious to the more audacious, and are divided on the need for more risk-taking in astrobiology. Our findings ultimately support the explicit implementation of a risk-balanced portfolio in astrobiology.
Physiological and transcriptional status of genetically diverse perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) populations under drought stress
Authors: Demirkol Gürkan , Felek Anıl Fırat , Önal Aşcı Özlem , Yılmaz Nuri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to understand how drought stress impact on the physiological and molecular status of genetically diverse Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) populations. The sensitivities of the 36 perennial ryegrass populations were checked against PEG-6000-simulated drought stress by analysing physiological status. Afterward, drought-related gene expressions were evaluated under normal and stressed conditions. The drought stress significantly up-regulated the drought-related genes in P6, P10, P15 and P30, while no difference was observed in drought-sensitive ones. The results collectively showed that four populations (P6, P10, P15, P30) are tolerant to drought stress and activate drought-related genes. Genetic similarities of the populations were also monitored using microsatellite (SSR) markers. The ten SSR primers detected 38 alleles. Surprisingly, the drought-tolerant populations were classified into different groups by principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis, showing that they are genetically different. Moreover, four unique alleles were identified by two SSR primers (P-07, and P-08) in P6, P10 and P15. In addition, the drought-tolerant populations (P6, P10, P15, P30) can be used to develop new perennial ryegrass cultivars for areas having drought problems.
Development and Validation of the Parental Food Choice Guilt	Scale
Authors: Yaremych Haley E. , Persky Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Guilt is an important correlate of the food choices parents make for their children. However, without a validated self-report measure of feeding-related guilt, researchers remain unable to reliably assess its consequences for parents and children. This study developed and validated the Parental Food Choice Guilt (PFCG) Scale. Items were iteratively developed based on feedback from parents and content experts and refined through three preliminary rounds of data collection. The final 7-item PFCG was evaluated using an Internet-based sample of 294 parents (194 mothers, 99 fathers) of children aged 3–13. Participants responded to the PFCG alongside measures of child eating habits, parent feeding behavior, and guilt-proneness. Exploratory factor analysis indicated the unidimensionality of the underlying construct. A Graded Response Model indicated all items functioned well psychometrically. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s α = .90). Differential item functioning was not detected by parent gender, parent or child weight status, or parent education. The PFCG was positively correlated with global guilt, parenting-related guilt, and poorer child eating habits, and negatively correlated with feeding self-efficacy and healthfulness of the child’s diet. The PFCG is a reliable and valid measure that will aid researchers across many applications, including clarifying guilt’s role in child feeding.
Magnetic Field Draping in Induced Magnetospheres: Evidence From the MAVEN Mission to Mars
Authors: Azari A. R. , Abrahams E. , Sapienza F. , Mitchell D. L. , Biersteker J. , Xu S. , Bowers C. , Pérez F. , DiBraccio G. A. , Dong Y. , Curry S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission has been orbiting Mars since 2014 and now has over 10,000 orbits which we use to characterize Mars' dynamic space environment. Through global field line tracing with MAVEN magnetic field data we find an altitude dependent draping morphology that differs from expectations of induced magnetospheres in the vertical ( Mars Sun‐state, MSO) direction. We quantify this difference from the classical picture of induced magnetospheres with a Bayesian multiple linear regression model to predict the draped field as a function of the upstream interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), remanent crustal fields, and a previously underestimated induced effect. From our model we conclude that unexpected twists in high altitude dayside draping (>800 km) are a result of the IMF component in the MSO direction. We propose that this is a natural outcome of current theories of induced magnetospheres but has been underestimated due to approximations of the IMF as solely directed. We additionally estimate that distortions in low altitude (<800 km) dayside draping along are directly related to remanent crustal fields. We show dayside draping traces down tail and previously reported inner magnetotail twists are likely caused by the crustal field of Mars, while the outer tail morphology is governed by an induced response to the IMF direction. We conclude with an updated understanding of induced magnetospheres which details dayside draping for multiple directions of the incoming IMF and discuss the repercussions of this draping for magnetotail morphology.
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins: biological functions, diseases and targeted therapy
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Zhao-Cong , Wu Yu-Yang , Pi Ya-Nan , Lou Sheng-Han , Liu Tian-Bo , Lou Ge , Yang Chang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBET proteins, which influence gene expression and contribute to the development of cancer, are epigenetic interpreters. Thus, BET inhibitors represent a novel form of epigenetic anticancer treatment. Although preliminary clinical trials have shown the anticancer potential of BET inhibitors, it appears that these drugs have limited effectiveness when used alone. Therefore, given the limited monotherapeutic activity of BET inhibitors, their use in combination with other drugs warrants attention, including the meaningful variations in pharmacodynamic activity among chosen drug combinations. In this paper, we review the function of BET proteins, the preclinical justification for BET protein targeting in cancer, recent advances in small-molecule BET inhibitors, and preliminary clinical trial findings. We elucidate BET inhibitor resistance mechanisms, shed light on the associated adverse events, investigate the potential of combining these inhibitors with diverse therapeutic agents, present a comprehensive compilation of synergistic treatments involving BET inhibitors, and provide an outlook on their future prospects as potent antitumor agents. We conclude by suggesting that combining BET inhibitors with other anticancer drugs and innovative next-generation agents holds great potential for advancing the effective targeting of BET proteins as a promising anticancer strategy.
Effective optimization of irrigation networks with pressure-driven outflows at randomly selected installation nodes
Authors: Creaco E. , Barbero G. , Montanaro A. , Reduzzi M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative methodology for the design of pressurized irrigation networks. Compared to other methodologies proposed in the scientific literature, it features three novel aspects: (i) construction of peak demand scenarios based on the random selection of installation nodes for hydrant heads available in each sector of irrigated properties; (ii) realistic hydraulic modelling of outflows from hydrant heads by means of the pressure driven approach; and (iii) adoption of linear constraints to enforce the telescopic property in the distribution of diameters from the source towards the external areas of the network in the optimized design. The applications of the methodology to the real network serving an irrigated area of 750 ha in Northern Italy proved that the aspects (i) and (ii) contribute to the accurate modelling of the current network while highlighting its hydraulic deficiencies. The adoption of the linear constraints described in (iii) in the context of the bi-objective genetic optimization of network diameters resulted in the speeding up of the algorithm convergence. The results show how decision makers can choose the ultimate configuration based on budget considerations from the trade-off solutions obtained between installation costs and hydraulic performance, considering network layouts with different level of topological redundancy.
Compression properties and constitutive model of short glass fiber reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK)
Authors: Zhang Ruijie , Chen Li , Xie Kai , Liu Kun , Wu Zhilin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo analyze the deformation behavior of short glass fiber-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (SGFR-PEEK) under various conditions through numerical simulations, it is crucial to construct a constitutive model that can describe its stress–strain behavior over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures. In this study, quasi-static compression tests were conducted on SGFR-PEEK composites with varying mass fractions, and dynamic tests were performed using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar to acquire the material's compressive stress–strain response under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. The results indicate that, under compression, the yield stress of SGFR-PEEK composites increases with an augmentation in glass fiber content, rises with increasing strain rate, and decreases with elevated temperature. Based on experimental findings, a modified Johnson–Cook constitutive model was established to characterize the mechanical performance of SGFR-PEEK. In comparison to the traditional Johnson–Cook intrinsic structure model, the modified model takes into account the glass fiber mass fraction as comprehensively as possible and better predicts the material's flow behavior at high strain rates. Finally, this modified constitutive model was implemented in the ABAQUS software using the user-defined subroutine VUMAT to simulate the compression behavior of SGFR-PEEK composites under different loading conditions, and the model was validated. This research provides valuable insights for the practical application of SGFR-PEEK composites in engineering.