bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanosynthesis of Terfenol-D Enabled by High Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Morin Joy , Deng Zhangxian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials deform in response to a magnetic field or exhibit magnetization variation when mechanically stressed. This unique energy coupling between magnetic and mechanical domains is instantaneous and has resulted in a variety of acoustic sensors that can generate or detect surface acoustic waves, shear waves, or longitudinal waves. Despite their great potential, applications of magnetostrictive acoustic sensors are currently limited due to the difficulties in manufacturing and sensor integration. Additive manufacturing of magnetostrictive materials could simplify sensor installation, slash waste production, and reduce fabrication cost. This study used a commercial high energy ball mill to synthesize magnetostrictive nanoparticles that are crucial feedstock for fused filament fabrication, direct ink writing, or other additive manufacturing techniques. The effect of ball milling settings, such as milling duration, on particle size, purity, and morphology was studied. DLS confirmed a majority particle size distribution of around 155 nm for Terfenol-D powders dry-milled for 15 minutes. SEM images showed particles in the same nanoscale range, but had a majority of micro particles. Dry milling in argon also effectively prevented particle oxidation which are confirmed by EDS and XRD.
Optimization of Biomolecular Neuristor Action Potentials to Mimic Biological Response
Authors: Lord Jason P. , Mohamed Ahmed , Hasan Md Sakib , Najem Joseph S. , Pangborn Herschel C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Biological neurons generate action potentials for communication and various computational and control tasks. Along with firing frequency, the shape and nonlinear dynamics of action potentials carry essential information and significant computational power. Many spiking neuron models take an integrate-and-fire approach to represent spike timing and frequency with computational simplicity but lack the biological relevance of more complex action potential dynamics. This paper introduces a model-based approach for optimizing the parameters of a soft neuristor circuit to match the action potential dynamics of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the neuristor parameters, with the objective of matching the neuristor’s response to biological action-potential-like references while respecting constraints on parameters. The approach is demonstrated through three numerical examples. The first seeks to match a reference action potential with a single neuristor, including both response shape and frequency. The second example optimizes the synaptic weights for a central pattern generator circuit. The final example uses the tuned neuristor model to steer a simulated car. This tool enables the creation and tuning of biologically-inspired controllers for engineered systems.
Fully Integrated Rotary Motor Based on Antagonistic Shape Memory Alloy Wire Bundles
Authors: Pirritano Carmelo , Gorges Tom , Britz Rouven , Scholtes Dominik , Zimmer Lukas , Preetz Jens , Goergen Yannik , Motzki Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a compact rotary motor based on SMA wire bundles. The high energy density of SMA wires enables the realization of high forces with minimal space and weight input and the SMA wire resistance provides sensing information, which can be used for position control.
The actuator system operates in a 90° range of motion. The linear force of two antagonistic SMA wire bundles are transmitted into a rotation by an innovative gear rack drive. This transmission is also key to the compact design because SMA force is transmitted into increased stroke and thus rotational motion. The forces are scaled by bundling of thin SMA wires. The design allows bundling of up to 20 SMA wires with a diameter of 100 μm in parallel.
Lastly, driving and sensing electronics based on a microcontroller is integrated, and standardized plugs or connectors provide the interface for different possible applications. The electronics can use the electrical resistance of the SMA wire bundles to track actuator position and provides different communication standards like LIN Bus for automotive applications.
Programmed chromosome fragmentation in ciliated protozoa: multiple means to chromosome ends
Authors: Bétermier Mireille , Klobutcher Lawrence A. , Orias Eduardo 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARY

Ciliated protozoa undergo large-scale developmental rearrangement of their somatic genomes when forming a new transcriptionally active macronucleus during conjugation. This process includes the fragmentation of chromosomes derived from the germline, coupled with the efficient healing of the broken ends by
de novo
telomere addition. Here, we review what is known of developmental chromosome fragmentation in ciliates that have been well-studied at the molecular level (
Tetrahymena
,
Paramecium
,
Euplotes
,
Stylonychia
, and
Oxytricha
). These organisms differ substantially in the fidelity and precision of their fragmentation systems, as well as in the presence or absence of well-defined sequence elements that direct excision, suggesting that chromosome fragmentation systems have evolved multiple times and/or have been significantly altered during ciliate evolution. We propose a two-stage model for the evolution of the current ciliate systems, with both stages involving repetitive or transposable elements in the genome. The ancestral form of chromosome fragmentation is proposed to have been derived from the ciliate small RNA/chromatin modification process that removes transposons and other repetitive elements from the macronuclear genome during development. The evolution of this ancestral system is suggested to have potentiated its replacement in some ciliate lineages by subsequent fragmentation systems derived from mobile genetic elements.
The impact of three carbapenems at a single-day dose on intestinal colonization resistance against carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Kuang Huan , Yang Yongqiang , Luo Huan , Lv Xiaoju 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in providing colonization resistance against multi-drug resistant organisms including carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP). However, the impact of different carbapenems on intestinal colonization resistance against CRKP remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of three commonly used carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, and ertapenem) administered at single-day doses, which are typically employed in emergency departments for managing infected patients, on CRKP gut colonization. We conducted experiments in mice by intravenously administering each carbapenem using human-simulated one-day regimens. The composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing before and after carbapenem administration. Our results revealed that all three carbapenems, when administered at a single-day dose significantly altered the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota, leading to compromised colonization resistance against CRKP. Notably, the ertapenem and imipenem groups showed an increase in
Allobaculum
,
Bifidobacterium
,
Enterobacteriaceae
, while the meropenem and imipenem groups exhibited a decrease in
Ruminococcaceae
, S24-7, and
Akkermania
. Additionally, the Shannon index exhibited a negative correlation with both the number of days of CRKP colonization CFUs and the duration of bacteria shedding. Furthermore, the count of CRKP in mice after ertapenem administration on the first day and the duration of CRKP shedding were significantly lower compared to meropenem and imipenem. Predictive metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that the three carbapenems similarly affected a range of metabolic pathways of gut microflora, including carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin B. Our findings emphasize that ertapenem, with its relatively narrow spectrum, minimizes perturbations of the gut microbiota and has a relatively less impact on gut colonization resistance against CRKP.

IMPORTANCE

The intestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(CRKP) is an important source of clinical infection. Our research showed that even single-day dose use of carbapenems caused CRKP colonization and continuous bacterial shedding, which reminds clinical doctors to prescribe carbapenems cautiously. Whenever possible, ertapenem should be the preferred choice over other carbapenems especially when the identified or highly suspected pathogens can be effectively targeted by ertapenem.
Germanium-rich nanoparticles in Cu-poor sphalerite: A new mechanism for Ge enrichment
Authors: Sun Guotao , Zhou Jia-xi , Cugerone Alexandre , Zhou Mei-fu , Zhou Lingli 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Germanium (Ge) is a critical raw material used in high-technology industry (i.e., optical industry) applications, and it is predominantly concentrated in coals and Zn-rich deposits. Previous studies on Zn-rich deposits have documented a correlation between Ge enrichment and the Cu, Ag, and/or Pb-Mn contents in the sphalerite crystal lattice. In this study, we observed Ge-rich nanoparticles hosted in Cu-poor sphalerite from the Banbianjie Zn-Ge deposit (&gt;800 t graded at ~100 ppm Ge), located in southwest China. Laser-ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) analyses revealed that sphalerite contains very heterogeneous Ge contents (172–1553 ppm). Germanium contents showed positive correlations with Fe, Mn, and Pb contents and negative correlations with Cd contents. Higher Ge contents were detected in the darker zones, whereas the lighter zones showed systematically low Ge contents and were enriched in Cd. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zn-Ge-Pb-S nanoparticles were identified in the darker zones of sphalerite. These nanoparticles exhibited Ge/Pb ratios (0.48–1.96) very similar to those measured in sphalerite (0.36–2.04), suggesting that Ge could be essentially hosted within the nanoparticles. We propose that the amounts of Zn-Ge-Pb-S nanoparticles are related to a self-organization model induced by rapid crystal growth. This self-organization processes may control the fluctuations of element concentrations in the boundary layer. This study highlights the importance of studying the nanoscale expression of critical elements to understand their incorporation mechanisms into natural materials.
Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.5 years in Dutch preterm infants born at 24–26 weeks’ gestational age: the EPI-DAF study
Authors: van Beek Pauline E , Rijken Monique , Broeders Lisa , ter Horst Hendrik J , Koopman-Esseboom Corine , de Kort Ellen , Laarman A R C , Mulder - de Tollenaer S M , Steiner Katerina , Swarte Renate M C , van Westering-Kroon Elke , Oei Guid , Leemhuis Aleid G , Andriessen Peter 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveAfter lowering the Dutch threshold for active treatment from 25 to 24 completed weeks’ gestation, survival to discharge increased by 10% in extremely preterm live born infants. Now that this guideline has been implemented, an accurate description of neurodevelopmental outcome at school age is needed.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingAll neonatal intensive care units in the Netherlands.PatientsAll infants born between 240/7and 266/7weeks’ gestation who were 5.5 years’ corrected age (CA) in 2018–2020 were included.Main outcome measuresMain outcome measure was neurodevelopmental outcome at 5.5 years. Neurodevelopmental outcome was a composite outcome defined as none, mild or moderate-to-severe impairment (further defined as neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI)), using corrected cognitive score (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Scale-III-NL), neurological examination and neurosensory function. Additionally, motor score (Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2-NL) was assessed. All assessments were done as part of the nationwide, standardised follow-up programme.ResultsIn the 3-year period, a total of 632 infants survived to 5.5 years’ CA. Data were available for 484 infants (77%). At 5.5 years’ CA, most cognitive and motor (sub)scales were significantly lower compared with the normative mean. Overall, 46% had no impairment, 36% had mild impairment and 18% had NDI. NDI-free survival was 30%, 49% and 67% in live born children at 24, 25 and 26 weeks’ gestation, respectively (p<0.001).ConclusionsAfter lowering the threshold for supporting active treatment from 25 to 24 completed weeks’ gestation, a considerable proportion of the surviving extremely preterm children did not have any impairment at 5.5 years’ CA.
Evolution of the Sarnat exam and association with 2-year outcomes in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a secondary analysis of the HEAL Trial
Authors: Mietzsch Ulrike , Kolnik Sarah E , Wood Thomas Ragnar , Natarajan Niranjana , Gonzalez Fernando F , Glass Hannah , Mayock Dennis E , Bonifacio Sonia L , Van Meurs Krisa , Comstock Bryan A , Heagerty Patrick J , Wu Tai-Wei , Wu Yvonne W , Juul Sandra E 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo study the association between the Sarnat exam (SE) performed before and after therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and outcomes at 2 years in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).DesignSecondary analysis of theHigh-doseErythropoietin forAsphyxia and EncephaLopathy Trial. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) based on SE severity category and change in category were constructed, adjusting for sedation at time of exam. Absolute SE Score and its change were compared for association with risk for death or NDI using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing curves.SettingRandomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicentre trial including 17 centres across the USA.Patients479/500 enrolled neonates who had both a qualifying SE (qSE) before TH and a SE after rewarming (rSE).InterventionsStandardised SE was used across sites before and after TH. All providers underwent standardised SE training.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was defined as the composite outcome of death or any NDI at 22–36 months.ResultsBoth qSE and rSE were associated with the primary outcome. Notably, an aOR for primary outcome of 6.2 (95% CI 3.1 to 12.6) and 50.3 (95% CI 13.3 to 190) was seen in those with moderate and severe encephalopathy on rSE, respectively. Persistent or worsened severity on rSE was associated with higher odds for primary outcome compared with those who improved, even when qSE was severe.ConclusionBoth rSE and change between qSE and rSE were strongly associated with the odds of death/NDI at 22–36 months in infants with moderate or severe HIE.
Palliative care interventions for patients with head and neck cancer: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Ratnasekera Nadisha , Fazelzad Rouhi , Bagnarol Rebecca , Cunha Vanessa , Zimmermann Camilla , Lau Jenny 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionA head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis significantly impacts a patient’s quality of life (QOL). Palliative care potentially improves their QOL. We will conduct a scoping review to identify existing knowledge about palliative care interventions for patients with HNC.Methods and analysisThis scoping review was designed in accordance with the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis: Scoping Reviews and will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Our eligibility criteria follow the Population, Intervention, Comparison or Control, Outcomes and Study characteristics framework. The population is adult patients with locally advanced, metastatic, unresectable and/or recurrent HNC. We include peer-reviewed journal articles and articles in the press, in English, reporting on palliative care interventions with at least two of the eight National Consensus Project on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care domains; studies with and without comparators will be included. The outcomes are patient QOL (primary) and symptom severity, patients’ satisfaction with care, patients’ mood, advance care planning and place of death (secondary). We developed a search strategy across ten databases, to be searched from the inception to 11 September 2023: Medline ALL (Medline and EPub Ahead of Print and In-Process, In-Data-Review & Other Non-Indexed Citations), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase Classic+Embase, Emcare and PsycINFO all from the OvidSP platform; CINAHL from EBSCOhost, Scopus from Elsevier, Web of Science from Clarivate and Global Index Medicus from WHO. We will extract data using a piloted data form and analyse the data through descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not needed for a scoping review. We will disseminate the findings to healthcare providers and policy-makers by publishing the results in a scientific journal.
Clinical and genetic spectrum ofRNF216-related disorder: a new case and literature review
Authors: Wu Chujun , Zhang Zaiqiang 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCases ofRNF216-related disorder have been reported sporadically. However, the clinical and genetic spectrum of this disorder has not been fully studied.MethodsWe identified an individual with a novel causativeRNF216variant in our institution and reviewed all individuals with causativeRNF216variants in previous reports. The clinical and genetic features of all the described individuals were analysed and summarised.ResultsTwenty-four individuals from 17 families with causativeRNF216variants were identified. The mean age at the onset of neurological symptoms was 29.2 years (range 18–49 years). Ataxia (57%) was the most frequent initial symptoms in individuals under 30 years old, while chorea (63%) was the most frequent initial symptom in individuals over 30 years old. Over 90% of individuals presented with cognitive impairment and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism throughout the disease. White matter lesions (96%) and cerebellar atrophy (92%) were the most common imaging findings. Twenty pathogenic variants inRNF216were detected. The variants in 12 (71%) families were inherited in a monogenic recessive pattern, whereas the variants in 5 (29%) were inherited in a digenic pattern by acting with variants in other genes. The majority of theRNF216variants (85%) resulted in amino acid changes or the truncation of the ‘RING between RING’ (RBR) domain or C-terminal extension.ConclusionRNF216-related disorder is an inherited neuroendocrine disease characterised by cerebellar ataxia, chorea, cognitive impairment and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Most causative variants in patients withRNF216-related disorder influence the RBR domain or C-terminal extension of RNF216.
Measurement of jet production in deep inelastic scattering and NNLO determination of the strong coupling at ZEUS
Authors: Abt I. , Aggarwal R. , Aushev V. , Behnke O. , Bertolin A. , Bloch I. , Brock I. , Brook N. H. , Brugnera R. , Bruni A. , Bussey P. J. , Caldwell A. , Catterall C. D. , Chwastowski J. , Ciborowski J. , Ciesielski R. , Cooper-Sarkar A. M. , Corradi M. , Dementiev R. K. , Dusini S. , Ferrando J. , Foster B. , Gallo E. , Gangadharan D. , Garfagnini A. , Geiser A. , Grzelak G. , Gwenlan C. , Hochman D. , Jomhari N. Z. , Kadenko I. , Karshon U. , Kaur P. , Klanner R. , Klein U. , Korzhavina I. A. , Kovalchuk N. , Kuze M. , Levchenko B. B. , Levy A. , Löhr B. , Lohrmann E. , Longhin A. , Lorkowski F. , Lunghi E. , Makarenko I. , Malka J. , Masciocchi S. , Nagano K. , Nam J. D. , Onishchuk Yu. , Paul E. , Pidhurskyi I. , Polini A. , Przybycień M. , Quintero A. , Ruspa M. , Schneekloth U. , Schörner-Sadenius T. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Shchedrolosiev M. , Shcheglova L. M. , Sherrill N. , Skillicorn I. O. , Słomiński W. , Solano A. , Stanco L. , Stefaniuk N. , Surrow B. , Tokushuku K. , Turkot O. , Tymieniecka T. , Verbytskyi A. , Wan Abdullah W. A. T. , Wichmann K. , Wing M. , Yamada S. , Yamazaki Y. , Żarnecki A. F. , Zenaiev O. ,   ZEUS Collaboration
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new measurement of inclusive-jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep inelastic scattering using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider is presented. The data were taken in the years 2004–2007 at a centre-of-mass energy of $$318\,\,\textrm{GeV}$$

318

GeV

and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$347\,\,\textrm{pb}^{-1}$$

347

pb

-
1

. The jets were reconstructed using the $$k_t$$

k
t

-algorithm in the Breit reference frame. They have been measured as a function of the squared momentum transfer, $$Q^2$$

Q
2

, and the transverse momentum of the jets in the Breit frame, $$p_{\perp ,\text {Breit}}$$

p

⊥
,
Breit

. The measured jet cross sections are compared to previous measurements and to perturbative QCD predictions. The measurement has been used in a next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to perform a simultaneous determination of parton distribution functions of the proton and the strong coupling, resulting in a value of $$\alpha _s(M_Z^2) = 0.1142 \pm 0.0017 \text {~(experimental/fit)}$$

α
s

(

M
Z
2

)

=
0.1142
±
0.0017

(experimental/fit)

$${}_{-0.0007}^{+0.0006} \text {~(model/parameterisation)}$$

-
0.0007

+
0.0006

(model/parameterisation)

$${}_{-0.0004}^{+0.0006} \text {~(scale)}$$

-
0.0004

+
0.0006

(scale)

, whose accuracy is improved compared to similar measurements. In addition, the running of the strong coupling is demonstrated using data obtained at different scales.
Embedding Knödel Graph into Cube-like Architectures: Dilation Optimization and Wirelength Analysis
Authors: Reji Remi Mariam , Sundara Rajan R. , Rajalaxmi T. M. 
Published: November 2023

An important tool for the execution of parallel algorithms and the simulation of interconnection networks is graph embedding. The quality of an embedding can be assessed using some cost metrics. The dilation and wirelength are the commonly used parameters. The Knödel graph [Formula: see text] is a minimum linear gossip network and has minimum broadcasting. It has [Formula: see text] vertices, [Formula: see text] edges, where [Formula: see text] is even, and [Formula: see text]log[Formula: see text]. In this study, we solve the dilation problem of embedding the Knödel graph into certain cube-like architectures such as hypercube, folded hypercube, and augmented cube. In [G. Fertin, A. Raspaud, A survey on Knödel graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 137 (2004) 173–195], it is proved that the dilation of embedding the Knödel graph [Formula: see text] into the hypercube [Formula: see text] is at most [Formula: see text]. In this study, we obtain an improved upper bound for dilation of embedding the Knödel graph into the hypercube and it is equal to [Formula: see text]. Also, we calculate the wirelength of embedding the Knödel graph into the above-said cube-like architectures using dilation.