bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular Treatment of Basilar Artery Stenosis
Authors: Haas Leandro José , Przysiezny Bernardo , Mees Wallace , Camilo Liz Caroline de Oliveira , Schuster Anna Lydia , Domingos João Pedro Latrônico 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics and therapeutic evolution of patients with basilar artery (BA) stenosis who underwent endovascular therapy in a reference service.
Methods Observational retrospective study of a case report of individuals with BA stenosis who underwent endovascular therapy in an endovascular neurosurgery reference service, between November 2005 and May 2018.
Results The prevalence was higher among male patients, with 60% of the cases. As for age, it ranged from 18 to 81 years old, with a mean of 60.2 years old. In terms of comorbidities, systemic arterial hypertension was found in 93% of the patients, and dyslipidemia in 86.7%. The initial symptoms were previous history of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in 43.3% of the cases and dizziness in 46.7%. The degree of stenosis ranged from 90 to a 98% of obstruction, with a mean of 92.8%. Neurological deficit was observed in 23.3% of the cases postoperatively, and the postoperative death rate was 10% (3/30). There were no intraoperative adverse events.
Conclusion The applicability of endovascular stenting therapy in high-grade BA stenosis proved to be a safe and effective technique with lower morbimortality rates and faster recovery.
Traumatic Brain Injury: in-hospital Survival Rates and the Main Predictors of in-hospital Mortality in Northeastern Brazil*
Authors: Pereira Diego Henrique Gois , Neto José Nolasco de Carvalho , Melo Thaís Cristina de Souza , Santos Catharine Natielle Oliveira Dias Belarmino dos , Silva Elisa Ribeiro Carvalho , Oliveira Arthur Maynart Pereira , Santos Bruno Fernandes de Oliveira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction Upper middle-income countries have epidemiological peculiarities that should be considered to identify the main predictive factors of intrahospital mortality regarding traumatic brain injury (TBI) to address modifiable problems.
Objective To assess the in-hospital survival of patients with TBI and to identify the predictors of in-hospital death.
Methods This is a retrospective dynamic cohort study of victims of TBI who were admitted to the Hospital de Urgência de Sergipe (HUSE, in the Portuguese acronym) between March 1, 2017 and April 29, 2018. The outcome considered was in-hospital death from any cause. Cox regression was used to assess predictors of in-hospital mortality.
Results The sample comprised 596 patients, with a median age of 31.0 (12–94) years old, 504 (84%) of whom were men. Regarding TBI severity, 250 had mild TBI; 121 had moderate TBI; and 225 had severe TBI. The average follow-up was 20.6 ± 4.0 days, with 60 in-hospital deaths and a 30-day mortality of 22.9%. Four independent predictors of in-hospital death were identified: acute subdural hemorrhage (ASDH) (risk ratio [RR] = 1.926; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15–3.22; p = 0.013), swelling (risk ratio [RR] = 3.706; 95%CI = 2.21–6.19; p < 0.001), skull fracture (RR = 2.551; 95%CI = 1.36–4.75; p = 0.003), and severe TBI (RR = 2.039; 95%CI = 1.29–4.12; p = 0.005).
Conclusions Acute subdural hemorrhage, swelling, skull cap fracture, and a Glasgow Coma Scale score of < 9 at admission were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with TBI.
Use of a Modified Intramedullary Pinning Technique for Distal Femoral Physeal Salter–Harris Type I and II Fracture Management: A Retrospective Study of 31 Cats
Authors: Bondonny Laura , Jacqmin Maxime , Ferrand François-Xavier , Taroni Mathieu , Rivier Pablo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective To report a modified intramedullary pinning technique, and associated outcomes, for distal femoral physeal Salter–Harris type I and II fracture management in cats.
Study Design Retrospective study including client-owned cats presented between November 2014 and February 2022 with distal femoral physeal fractures treated with an intramedullary pin and one antirotational pin inserted in the lateral femoral condyle. Collected data included signalment, fracture characteristics according to the Salter–Harris classification, surgical data (intramedullary and antirotational pin sizes), and outcome data (radiographic and functional outcomes and complications).
Results Thirty-one cats were included in this study. Bone healing was radiographically confirmed 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively in all cases. The majority of cats (30/31) were classified as full functional outcomes at mid-term follow-up. The overall mid-term complication rate was 3% (1/31). Implant migration was not observed and implant removal was not needed in any case.
Conclusion The modified intramedullary pinning technique for distal femoral Salter–Harris I and II fracture management in cats was associated with an full functional outcome.
Pulsed laser ablation synthesis of Cu-based and Ni-based nanostructured electrodes for highly active alkaline oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Iacono V. , Lo Pò C. , Scalese S. , Boninelli S. , Condorelli G. G. , Grimaldi M. G. , Ruffino F. 
Published: November 2023

In the field of sustainability, hydrogen (H2) is considered a clean fuel and a renewable energy source with no pollutant emissions. The production of H2 by water electrolysis is well-known among the scientific community. Still, alkaline electrolysis represents a challenging process and requires expensive materials have to be avoided in order to lower the impact of H2 production. This work deals with the production of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) as catalysts for alkaline water splitting reactions. These NPs are synthesized using the pulsed laser ablation in liquid involving the ablation of Cu and Ni targets in methanol and ethanol. The morphological, structural, and compositional properties of the obtained NPs are studied. Then, a low amount of NPs-based catalyst (∼1μg/cm2) was loaded onto a nickel foam substrate and tested for both alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). The best performance at 10 mA cm−2, in terms of overpotential (η), for OER was shown by Ni NPs, η = 327 mV, while for the HER, Cu NPs reached η = 211 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in aqueous 1M KOH. The ultra-low amount of the catalyst material makes these electrodes challenging in terms of mass activity [up to 14 A/mg at 10 mA cm−2] compared to the state of the art. In addition, the correlation between overpotential and the availability of electrons at the surface of the catalyst for H2 production was studied by using Mott–Schottky analysis.
Learning from the 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile twist: Two-parameter range-separated local hybrid functional with high accuracy for triplet and charge-transfer excitations
Authors: Grotjahn Robin 
Published: November 2023

The recent ωLH22t range-separated local hybrid (RSLH) is shown to provide outstanding accuracy for the notorious benchmark problem of the two lowest excited-state potential energy curves for the amino group twist in 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN). However, the design of ωLH22t as a general-purpose functional resulted in less convincing performance for triplet excitations, which is an important advantage of previous LHs. Furthermore, ωLH22t uses 8 empirical parameters to achieve broad accuracy. In this work, the RSLH ωLH23ct-sir is constructed with minimal empiricism by optimizing its local mixing function prefactor and range-separation parameter for only 8 excitation energies. ωLH23ct-sir maintains the excellent performance of ωLH22t for the DMABN twist and charge-transfer benchmarks but significantly improves the errors for triplet excitation energies (0.17 vs 0.24 eV). Additional test calculations for the AE6BH6 thermochemistry test set and large dipole moment and static polarizability test sets confirm that the focus on excitation energies in the optimization of ωLH23ct-sir has not caused any dramatic errors for ground-state properties. Although ωLH23ct-sir cannot replace ωLH22t as a general-purpose functional, it is preferable for problems requiring a universally good description of localized and charge-transfer excitations of both singlet and triplet multiplicity. Current limitations on the application of ωLH23ct-sir and other RSLHs to the study of singlet-triplet gaps of emitters for thermally activated delayed fluorescence are discussed. This work also includes the first systematic analysis of the influence of the local mixing function prefactor and the range-separation parameter in an RSLH on different types of excitations.
Coffee Leaf Rust: Wreaking Havoc in Coffee Production Areas Across the Tropics
Authors: Koutouleas Athina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Coffee (
Coffea
spp.) originates from the tropical montane rainforest understorey. In this shaded environment, the coffee plant has co-evolved with a wide array of pests and diseases. The fungal pathogen
Hemileia vastatrix
is the most notorious of all known coffee plant diseases. With a rich history rooted in colonial trade and power struggles,
H. vastatrix
has had its lion’s share of research and scrutiny by the plant pathology community. Though this disease was discovered more than 150 years ago, many unknowns concerning its spread and persistence across the tropics still exist today. Despite its relevance to coffee production, there is little global data that synthesizes the impact of this disease on coffee yield and plant health. Best practices for control of coffee leaf rust are contentious. Genetic resistance has been breaking down in cultivars across the coffee belt over the past decade. How can farmers best control outbreaks of the disease? Are these practices at odds with new trends and challenges in coffee farming (e.g. organic, biodiversity-friendly, agroforestry etc.). What are the future prospects of our global coffee supply under pressure from this rampant disease? All these questions are examined in this case study using pertinent literature sources and supplemented by coffee farmers or extension service providers in Latin America and Africa.

Information
© The Author 2023
Cover photo courtesy of the author.
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with NIMT, September 2022
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Norris James , Trask Peter , Laongsri Bunthoon 
Published: November 2023

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Thailand maintained by the National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Periodic trajectories in planar discontinuous piecewise linear systems with only centers and with a nonregular switching line
Authors: Alves A M , Euzébio R D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper periodic trajectories of dynamical systems presenting discontinuities are studied. The considered model consists of two distinct linear differential systems, each one containing a single equilibrium point of centre type. Each system is defined on disjoint regions of the plane, the separation line is a union of two half-straight lines contained on the coordinate axes. The obtained differential system is non-smooth, so we apply Filippov’s theory to study the transitions from one dynamical system to another. The combination of the two linear plus the Filippov system acting on the separation line generates a nonlinear regime observed by the presence of limit cycles, sliding and tangential periodic trajectories as well as the coexistence of such objects. In theorem 1 we establish the location, stability and hyperbolicity of limit cycles for certain classes of the considered model. In theorem 2 we perform the global analysis of a representative model through bifurcation theory to analyse the birth of limit cycles, sliding periodic trajectories and tangential ones. We also provide some results addressing the coexistence of periodic trajectories and two potential physical interpretations of the model considered in the paper, one addressing nonlinear oscillations and the other considering slow-fast systems of neuron models. The main techniques employed to obtain the results are first integrals, Poincaré half return maps, and elements of bifurcation theory.
Leaf ontogeny modulates epinasty through shifts in hormone dynamics during waterlogging in tomato
Authors: Geldhof Batist , Novák Ondřej , Van de Poel Bram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Waterlogging leads to hypoxic conditions in the root zone that subsequently cause systemic adaptive responses in the shoot, including leaf epinasty. Waterlogging-induced epinasty in tomato has long been ascribed to the coordinated action of ethylene and auxins. However, other hormonal signals have largely been neglected, despite evidence of their importance in leaf posture control. To cover a large group of growth regulators, we performed a tissue-specific and time-dependent hormonomics analysis. This revealed that multiple hormones are differentially affected throughout a 48 h waterlogging treatment, and that leaf age determines hormone homeostasis and modulates their changes during waterlogging. In addition, we distinguished early hormonal signals that contribute to fast responses to oxygen deprivation from those that potentially sustain the waterlogging response. We found that abscisic acid (ABA) levels peak in petioles within the first 12 h of the treatment, while its precursors only increase much later, suggesting that ABA transport is altered. At the same time, cytokinins (CKs) and their derivatives drastically decline during waterlogging in leaves of all ages. This drop in CKs possibly releases the inhibition of ethylene- and auxin-mediated cell elongation to establish epinastic bending. Auxins themselves rise substantially in the petiole of mature leaves, but mostly after 48 h of root hypoxia. Based on our hormone profiling, we propose that ethylene and ABA might act synergistically as an early signal to induce epinasty, while the balance of indole-3-acetic acid and CKs in the petiole ultimately regulates differential growth.
Home-care services in Italy (with special reference to Genoa)
Authors: Costanzi Carla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first home-care services in Italy were set up in 1972 in some local authorities in the north, and towards the end of the decade in the centre and south of the country. In the north, local authorities often organized this service without any regional direction. In the south it was developed as a result of regional legislation surrounding the setting up of local health authorities, which followed the institution of the National Health Service under National Law No. 833 of 1978. Almost all the regional legislation directed the service specifically towards the elderly.
Home-care services in the Netherlands
Authors: Heuvel Wim van den , Gerritsen Hans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Netherlands, the home-help service is largely subsidized by the government. Up to 1989 the money was allocated from general tax revenue to private organizations by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Culture. Since January 1989, services have been funded through the Exceptional Medical Expenses Scheme (AWBZ). The AWBZ is a law which originally applied to long-term care (nursing homes; care longer than one year in general or psychiatric hospitals), but which now, under the reconstruction of the Dutch health insurance system, is gradually being extended to cover a large part of the costs of all health and social-care services (Commissie Structuur en Financiering 1987).
Trends in home-care policies
Authors: Jamieson Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All the chapters on home-care provision in individual countries discuss problems and shortcomings in that provision. But what exactly have been the successes and failures in the different countries? There is, of course, no one way of measuring this, but I will try to summarize some of the trends discussed by the different contributors in order to get some way towards an understanding of policies and their implementation.
Everyday life in institutional care: an evaluation of hospital and nursing home care for the elderly in City and Hackney
Authors: Bowling Ann , Formby Juliet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is increasing interest among policy makers in the United Kingdom (UK) in the concept of the nursing home as an alternative to long-stay geriatric wards. Such homes are run, clinically and administratively, by qualified nurses. They cater for patients who need continuous, non-psychiatric nursing care to a degree that cannot be provided in the community, but who do not need the full range of hospital facilities or active medical treatment. Nursing homes aim to have a domestic atmosphere and an environment to enable frail and dependent patients to maintain their individuality and dignity. They are run flexibly and are not bound by rigid timetables for eating and waking. Nursing homes aim to offer principally nursing care, with an emphasis on the maintenance of residual abilities through appropriate stimulative and recreational activities. They also aim to meet the emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs of patients, and to provide relief of pain and other features associated with terminal care.
Incontinence and the older woman
Authors: Mandelstam Dorothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although incontinence is an age old problem with references to it being found in early Egyptian writings, it is only in the last twenty years or so that the problem has been addressed. It is estimated that it affects over two million people in the United Kingdom at any one time, but the very nature of the subject often inhibits progress being made into the aetiology and management of the problem. The simple message for the lay person is that incontinence is a common symptom and that it is treatable. A dilemma exists, however, in that by fostering an increased awareness and a consequent demand for treatment, the medical and nursing professions will be largely unable to respond because of inadequate knowledge. This results in negative attitudes. Ignorance of the subject is hard to admit.
Elder abuse
Authors: Bennett Gerald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The subject of elder abuse, ‘discovered’ in the 1980s and destined to become one of the major socio-medical issues of the 1990s, has become the focus of many attempts at a definition. Eastman (1984), in his book Old Age Abuse, set a template with his definition, ‘The physical, emotional, and psychological abuse of an older person by a formal or informal carer. The abuse is repeated and is the violation of a person’s human and civil rights by a person or persons who have power over the life of a dependent’ .
Thetreatment of infection
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter turns to the question of treatment of infection and in particular the use of antibiotics. In the period 1977-87, about 50 million prescriptions for antimicrobial agents were written in the UK representing 12.5% of all prescriptions.1 Over the period 1980-91 there was an overall increase of 45.8% in England for the number of prescriptions for antibiotics with the greatest rise in prescriptions for quinolones.2 The decision to treat a patient with antibiotic therapy should not be entered into lightly. Reaching for the prescription pad to offer a patient antibiotic therapy unnecessarily must be one of the commonest ways that harm is done to patients in modern general practice.
Infections of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Southgate Lesley , Lockie Cameron , Heard Shelley , Wood Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Infections of the gastrointestinal tracl arc common and important problems in general practice. As well as the everyday event of patienb presenting with diarrhoea and vomiting, newer infections such as hepatitis-C or Helicobactcr pylori infections require attention and increasingly, imported infections and infestations must be dealt with by the GP.
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Daly Edel , Vessey Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Diseases of the circulatory system are the leading causes of death and serious illness among post-menopausal women in most developed countries. Epidemiological evidence suggests that endogenous oestrogen plays a role in protecting younger women from coronary heart disease (CHD). First, incidence rates of CHD are substantially higher in men than in women before the menopause, at which point the sex differential begins to diminish. Secondly, among women with premature ovarian failure, higher rates of CHD are seen compared with pre¬ menopausal women of the same age. The most compelling evidence comes from studies of the effects of replacement oestrogen on cardiovascular disease risk in post-menopausal women. The great majority of studies suggest that treatment is protective against CHD;3 however, evidence of a protective effect against stroke is less conclusive.
Cervical spine injury
Authors: Guly H R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As with all injuries it is important to try to understand the forces involved in a neck injury. Many such injuries occur in road accidents and details of how to assess these can be found in Chapter 37. Clearly a patient who turned quickly and developed severe neck pain is unlikely to have a significant bony injury whereas the patient involved in a high velocity injury or who falls down stairs is greatly at risk of a fracture.
Major trauma
Authors: Guly H R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The safe management of life-threatening injuries demands that they are recognized early, resuscitated aggressively, and that definitive surgery is performed rapidly. This means that patients are treated by a senior and experienced doctor. Unfortunately, life-threatening injuries may not always be immediately obvious. Various studies have investigated the mechanisms which are likely to predict serious injury, and in the United States protocols have been drawn up to provide criteria for transporting patients to a trauma centre rather than to the nearest hospital.
Attempts to influence prescribing in the UK
Authors: Bradley Colin , Hobbs Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prescribing of drugs has always been central to the function of the general practitioner and indeed to the role of all healers in all societies. One of the key components of the Medical Act of 1858 was to limit the right to prescribe drugs to those who were properly trained and hence recognized as being entitled to describe themselves as doctors.
In hospital
Authors: Gronwall Dorothy , Wrightson, Philip , Waddel Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The care of someone with a head injury starts with first aid at the site of the accident, continues with rescue by the paramedics and ambulance, and is followed through by a team working in the hospital, using a wide range of facilities. Whether you are the patient or one of the family, if you have not been involved with a hospital before you may feel very lost and frightened by this large organization, with all its power and prestige. It is a good idea, therefore, to know how a hospital works, who you may meet and what they do. It is also a good idea to remember that you have very definite rights in this situation, and that the whole of this organization has been set up for your benefit.