bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of harvesting procedure, storage time and climatic conditions on cooking time of lentils (Lens culinaris Medikus)
Authors: Iliadis C 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn an experiment conducted over 2 years in Larissa, the effects on the cooking times of six lentil varieties of different harvest periods (early and late), seed storage for 1 year and climatic conditions prevailing during seed production were studied. Cooking time was estimated by measuring seed hardness using a penetrometer (PNR‐6). Late harvesting (when the plants were completely dry) increased cooking times by 6–16% in comparison with early harvesting (when the plants were partly green). This increase was less for the short‐cooking genotypes ‘Dimitra’, ‘Samos’ and ‘Thessalia’ than for the long‐cooking genotypes ‘Arachova’ and ‘Nikaia’. After 1 year of seed storage, cooking times increased on average by 6–9%. Seeds produced during a dry year (1995) required on average 38% less time to cook than seeds produced during a wet year (1996), irrespective of harvest period or duration of seed storage.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Organic agriculture: does it enhance or reduce the nutritional value of plant foods?
Authors: Brandt Kirsten , Mølgaard Jens Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe possible differences between organic and conventional plant products are examined from the view of possible effects on human health. It is concluded that nutritionally important differences relating to contents of minerals, vitamins, proteins and carbohydrates are not likely, primarily since none of these are deficient in typical First World diets, nor are present levels of pesticide residues in conventional products a cause for concern. However, there is reason to believe that contents of many defence‐related secondary metabolites in the diet are lower than optimal for human health, even for those where too high levels are known to be harmful. High biological activity resulting in adverse effects on growth of animals and children may be directly linked with promotion of longevity. There is ample, but circumstantial, evidence that, on average, organic vegetables and fruits most likely contain more of these compounds than conventional ones, allowing for the possibility that organic plant foods may in fact benefit human health more than corresponding conventional ones. The authors define testable scientific hypotheses which should be further investigated to provide more definitive answers to the question.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Amylolysis of maize mutant starches
Authors: Gérard Catherine , Colonna Paul , Buléon Alain , Planchot Véronique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStarches from single and double maize mutants were subjected to enzymatic degradation by porcine pancreatic α‐amylase. The maize mutants covered a broad range of macromolecular composition and crystalline structure relative to fractional crystallinity level (from 0.19 to 0.48) and polymorphic type (with various proportions of A‐, B‐ and V‐type allomorphs). Regardless of amylose content or crystallinity level, starches with a predominant B‐crystalline type were more resistant to amylolysis than others, and initial rates of hydrolysis were lower for B‐type than A‐type starches. Final hydrolysis extents were less than 35% for predominant B‐type starches, 60% for C‐type ones and more than 70% for predominant A‐ or V‐type ones. Dangling chains or crystal defects also appeared to increase initial hydrolysis rates, although lower initial rates and final hydrolysis extents were mainly related to the amount of B‐type crystallites. Unexpectedly, hydrolysis residues were composed of both amorphous and B‐type crystalline regions. These observations suggest that resistance to amylolysis is related to the distribution of B‐type crystallites within the granule rather than to the relative proportion of B‐type crystallites.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Early complications following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer*
Authors: Budišin Nikola , Budišin Evica , Golubović Andrija 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe study shows operative results with complications occurring in first 30 days after total gastrectomy for stomach cancer.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed using medical documentation and histological findings for 76 patients after total gastrectomy was done between 1990 and 1997. Mortality and postoperative complications were analyzed. Complications were sorted as specific and nonspecific. All operations were performed either for intestinal gastric cancer located in proximal stomach or for diffuse stomach cancer. All anastomoses were hand sewn.Results:There were 43 male and 33 female patients. Postoperative mortality was 14.4%. The most frequent complications were dehiscence of the oesophago‐jejunal anastomosis in 15.8% of operated patients, postoperative temperature without apparent infection in 5.2%, thrombophlebitis in 5.2%, pneumothorax in 3.9%, hepatic necrosis in one patient (1.3%), and perforation of jejunal loop with nasogastric tube in another (1.3%) ended fatally. The average postoperative intra‐hospital treatment lasted 12.3 days. Dehiscence of the oesophago‐enteric anastomosis, resulted in generalized peritonitis in 66.6%. Six patients succumbed as a consequence, while two survived with subphrenic and interenteric abscesses. Pneumothorax in combination with total gastrectomy was always fatal.Conclusions:Routine use of stapling surgery, subspecialization in surgery, and better early intensive care monitoring and treatment could reduce the mortality rate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001; 77:35–41. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Targeting liver tumors with hyperthermia: Ferromagnetic embolization in a rabbit liver tumor model
Authors: Moroz Paul , Jones Stephen K. , Winter Jillean , Gray Bruce N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Ferromagnetic embolization hyperthermia (FEH) consists of arterially embolizing liver tumors with ferromagnetic particles, and then applying an external alternating magnetic field to generate hysteretic heating within the embolized particles. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of FEH to selectively target liver tumors with hyperthermia.Methods:Twenty rabbits containing hepatic VX2 carcinomas were arterially infused with ferromagnetic particles suspended in lipiodol, and then exposed to an external alternating magnetic field. Temperatures in the tumor, normal hepatic parenchyma (NHP), and rectum were recorded. Tumour and NHP were chemically analyzed for iron content, which was then correlated with the observed heating rates.Results:The mean tumor‐to‐NHP iron concentration ratio was 5.3:1 (P < 0.001, N = 20). The mean tumor heating rates were 3.0–11.5 times greater than those in the NHP (P < 0.001, N = 20). After 5 min of heating, the greatest increase in mean tumor temperature was 11.0°C and the greatest increase in mean NHP temperature was 1.3°C. There was a positive relationship between tumor iron concentration and heating rate (correlation coefficient = 0.82, P < 0.001, N = 20). A tumor iron concentration of 2–3 mg/g resulted in tumor heating rates of 0.5–1.0°C/min.Conclusions:Hepatic arterial infusion of lipiodol containing ferromagnetic particles can result in excellent targeting of liver tumors with hyperthermia on the subsequent application of an external alternating magnetic field. The promising results of this study warrant further investigation of FEH as a potential treatment for advanced liver cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:22–29. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) in liver tumor lesions of rat models
Authors: Ohkame Hirohisa , Masuda Hideki , Ishii Yukimoto , Kanai Yoshikatsu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIt has been said that amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying nutrition to cells and for cell proliferation. In this study, we examined whether LAT1 and 4F2hc are closely related to tumor growth.MethodsRat colon cancer cells (RCN‐9) were injected into the spleen of 12 male rats (inbred F344/DuCrj). In each rat, liver samples including tumor lesions were immunostained with anti‐LAT1 and anti‐4F2hc antibodies. The staining area of LAT1 and 4F2hc tumor lesions was calculated by computer analysis.ResultsSixty‐eight tumor nodules were observed in 12 livers. Out of the 68 tumor nodules, 36 nodules (52.9%) indicated a positive staining of LAT1 and 32 (47.1%) had a negative staining of LAT1. However, the LAT1 expression was scarcely detected in non‐tumor areas. In terms of the 4F2hc expression, there were 56 nodules (82.4%) with 4F2hc positive and 12 (17.6) with 4F2hc negative. In addition, the expression of 4F2hc in non‐tumor areas was almost the same as the expression of 4F2hc in tumor lesions. The average tumor size of the group with LAT1 positive and 4F2hc positive (n = 31) was 0.845 ± 0.232 mm2, which was significantly larger than that of the group with LAT1 negative and 4F2hc negative group (n = 7) (0.090 ± 0.028 mm2) or the group with LAT1 positive and 4F2hc negative (n = 5) (0.097 ± 0.025 mm2), respectively (P = 0.0017, P = 0.007).ConclusionLAT1 was related to tumor growth. We think that LAT1 can possibly enhance its ability to promote tumor growth in cooperation with 4F2hc. J. Surg. Oncol. 2001;78:265–272. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of methyl radicals with isobutane at temperatures between 800 and 950 kelvin
Authors: Goos Elke , Hippler Horst , Hoyermann Karlheinz , Jürges Bettina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe methyl radical induced pyrolysis of isobutane has been studied in the temperature range of 800–950 K and at pressures of 80 and 130 mbar. We used CO2‐laser induced heating by fast vibrational–translational (V–T) energy transfer from SF6 to the reaction mixture. This is a convenient method to study homogeneous high temperature kinetics since the reactor walls remain cold. The radial temperature distribution in the reactor has been investigated by four different methods: stationary heat balance, optical absorption, pressure rise, and the temperature dependence of the rate of an isomerization reaction. Methyl radicals were produced in the presence of isobutane via the fast thermal decomposition of di‐tert‐butyl‐peroxide and the products were analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The main products of the overall reaction were propene (C3H6) and isobutene (i‐C4H8), whereas ethene (C2H4), propane (C3H8), neo‐ pentane (neo‐C5H12), and isopentane (i‐C5H12) were minor products. The product distribution showed strong temperature dependence. The product yields and their temperature dependence were analyzed by a kinetic model developed for the high temperature oxidation of n‐butane and the low temperature oxidation of n‐pentane, and isopentane. We included a few missing reactions and slightly adjusted some rate constants to obtain a better agreement between the modeling and the experiments. The extended mechanism consists of 63 species and 171 reactions to be evaluated further in forthcoming experiments. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 732–740, 2001
Wind erosion: the perspective of grass‐roots communities in the Sahel
Authors: Bielders C. L. , Alvey S. , Cronyn N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUnder the harsh conditions prevailing in the West African Sahel, farmers must deal with a range of environmental and socio‐economic issues that constrain agriculture. Although scientific evidence indicates that wind erosion is potentially a major land degradation process, little is known about the Sahelian farmer's perception of the relative importance of wind erosion as a constraint to agricultural production. A village‐level survey was therefore undertaken to assess farmers' views about the relative importance of perceived constraints to agricultural production in 41 villages across Niger. During the interviews, the communities' views were also recorded regarding the causes and consequences of wind erosion as well as known wind erosion control measures. Wind erosion ranked eighth overall and was listed by male farmers among the top 10 constraints in 54 per cent of the villages. It was perceived by male farmers to be a moderate to high constraint in 39 per cent of the villages but was not considered important by female farmers. Wind erosion ranked third among environmental constraints, behind drought and soil fertility. Wind erosion related health problems were generally of more concern than crop damage or loss of topsoil by wind erosion. Deforestation, removal of crop residue and land‐clearing practices were identified by farmers as major contributors to soil losses by wind. To address this issue, at least 10 different low‐cost technologies are currently being implemented by farmers, including leaving crop residue in the field, mulching and natural regeneration of vegetation. The survey results indicate that farmers are well aware of the overriding importance of their management practices, as opposed to climatic factors, on the current extent of wind erosion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unique features of optical scanning, single fiber endoscopy***
Authors: Seibel Eric J. , Smithwick Quinn Y. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTo advance the field of minimally invasive medical procedures, an ideal endoscope should provide high‐resolution images with variable magnification from an ultra‐thin package, while adding depth cues and integrating optical diagnoses and therapies. Satisfying all these requirements is extremely difficult using commercial endoscopes. A new imaging technology is introduced that uses directed laser illumination, which is scanned at the distal end of a flexible endoscope.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA singlemode optical fiber is driven in vibratory resonance using a piezoelectric actuator. The emitted laser light is scanned in two‐dimensions over test specimens. Digital images are constructed by detecting optical power one pixel at a time.ResultsUnique features of the fiber scanning scope are rapidly changing magnification, enhanced topographic detail, and concurrent fluorescence imaging, which are demonstrated and discussed.ConclusionThis fiber scanning scope has the potential for pixel‐accurate delivery of high quality laser radiation, allowing the future integration of imaging with diagnosis and therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:177‐183, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decision constraints and consideration‐set formation in consumer durables
Authors: Punj Girish , Brookes Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe central argument of this article is that the initial phases of the consumer decision process have a major effect on product evaluation and choice. Specifically, the need‐arousal event and the consequent retrieval of product‐related decision constraints from memory substantially influence the ensuing processes of external information search and alternative evaluation. Several hypotheses based on previous experimental research are formulated to capture these influences. Survey data from a large sample of new automobile buyers in New Zealand are used to test the hypotheses. The results suggest that the product‐related decision constraints that are activated as a consequence of problem recognition significantly change the remainder of the purchase process. The findings have important implications for understanding how consideration sets are formed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modulation of cyclophilin gene expression by N‐4‐(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide: Association with reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis*
Authors: Hursting Stephen D. , Shen Jian‐cheng , Sun Xiao‐Ya , Wang Thomas T.Y. , Phang James M. , Perkins Susan N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo explore the mechanisms underlying the pro‐apoptotic effects of the synthetic retinoid N‐4‐(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4‐HPR) on LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, we used the differential display–polymerase chain reaction (DD‐PCR) technique to identify 4‐HPR–responsive genes. RNA extracted from LNCaP cells that had been treated for 24 h with 4‐HPR at a dose (2.5 μM) optimal for apoptosis induction was used for DD‐PCR analysis using random primers. A differentially expressed 115 bp fragment was cloned and sequenced and then identified in GenBank as having a high degree of homology with several members of the cyclophilin gene family. Northern blot analyses using specific probes for cyclophilin A, cyclophilin D, and the cloned 115‐bp fragment were performed on RNA extracted from LNCaP cells and MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells treated with 4‐HPR, N‐acetylcysteine (NAC, an anti‐oxidant), 4‐HPR plus NAC, cyclosporin A, R‐1881 (a synthetic androgen), dehydroepiandrosterone, all‐trans retinoic acid, or prednisone. 4‐HPR downregulated the transcript detected by the 115‐bp fragment. Expression patterns detected by the 115‐bp fragment and cyclophilin D probes were identical in response to each treatment; none of these treatments affected cyclophilin A expression. Furthermore, expression of mRNA transcripts detected by the 115‐bp fragment and cyclophilin D probes correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as detected by measurement of 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein oxidation. Therefore, members of the cyclophilin gene family, such as cyclophilin D (a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore previously linked with oxidative stress and apoptosis), may play a role in the ROS‐mediated apoptotic effects of 4‐HPR. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation of p27 protein expression with HER‐2/neu expression in breast cancer
Authors: Newman Lisa , Xia Weiya , Yang Heng‐Yin , Sahin Aysegal , Bondy Melissa , Lukmanji Farzana , Hung Mien‐Chie , Lee Mong‐Hong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStrong expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2)/neu in breast cancer has been associated with poor prognosis. Reduced expression of p27Kip1, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, correlates with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. In this study, we provide a correlation between these two important prognostic markers in patients with breast cancer. Breast tumor screening using immunohistochemistry indicated that downregulation of p27 correlated with HER‐2/neu overexpression in studying 11 normal breast tissues and 51 primary breast carcinomas. We found HER‐2/neu protein overexpression in 20 (41%) of 49 breast cancers and low p27 protein expression in 47 (92%) of 51 breast cancers. All 20 (100%) of the tumors that overexpressed HER‐2/neu had low levels of p27 protein product; this correlation was statistically significant (P = 0.035). Decreasing p27 expression correlated with increasing HER‐2/neu activity. Our results suggest that one function of the HER‐2/neu product is to downregulate p27 expression in breast cancer. This study may be significant in selecting patients for HER‐2/neu antibody therapy in the future. Mol. Carcinog. 30:169–175, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deregulated expression of DP1 induces epidermal proliferation and enhances skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Dawei , Russell Jamie , Xu Hui , Johnson David G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractE2F transcription factors have been implicated in several cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation. A functional E2F factor consists of a heterodimer containing an E2F polypeptide (E2F1–E2F6) and a DRTF1‐polypeptide (DRTF1‐polypeptide‐1 (DP1) or DRTF1‐polypeptide‐2). It is the E2F subunit that supplies the transcriptional activation domain and the motif involved in binding to members of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family. The role of the DP subunit in regulating E2F‐dependent activities is not completely understood. To examine the properties of DP1 in vivo, we generated transgenic mouse lines expressing DP1 under the control of a keratin 5 (K5) promoter. Overexpression of DP1 in basal layer keratinocytes caused mild hyperplasia and hyperproliferation of the epidermis but did not result in increased apoptosis or spontaneous tumor development. Coexpression of DP1 with E2F1 or E2F4 in the epidermis of bigenic mice modestly enhanced proliferation and apoptosis over the levels induced by E2F1 or E2F4 expression alone. In a two‐stage chemical carcinogenesis assay, more and larger skin tumors developed in K5 DP1 transgenic mice than in nontransgenic mice. These findings show that in this in vivo model, deregulated expression of DP1 on its own induced proliferation and enhanced carcinogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elevated furin expression in aggressive human head and neck tumors and tumor cell lines
Authors: Bassi Daniel E. , Mahloogi Haleh , Al‐Saleem Luma , Lopez De Cicco Ricardo , Ridge John A. , Klein‐Szanto Andres J. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPro‐protein convertases (PCs) are proteases that recognize and cleave precursor proteins. Furin, a well‐studied PC, is ubiquitously expressed, and it has been implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. Some substrates for furin, such as membrane type 1 (MT1) matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), an MMP that activates gelatinase, a collagen‐degrading enzyme, are associated with the advanced malignant phenotype. This report examines the expression of furin in carcinoma cell lines of different invasive ability. The levels of furin mRNA and protein correlated with the aggressiveness of tumor cell lines derived from head and neck and lung cancers. Furin expression also was investigated in primary head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Furin mRNA was not detected in nonmetastasizing carcinomas. In contrast, furin mRNA was expressed in metastasizing HNSCCs. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis confirmed these results at the protein level. Furin activity was investigated indirectly by evaluating the expression of the pro‐form and the processed form of MT1‐MMP. Metastasizing HNSCCs showed increased expression of MT1‐MMP. Furthermore, pro‐MT1‐MMP expression was noted in most of the nonmetastasizing HNSCCs analyzed by Western blot, and it was absent in the metastasizing HNSCCs. This finding suggests a lower level of furin‐mediated MT1‐MMP activation in the less aggressive cancers. These observations indicate that furin plays a role in tumor progression. Its overexpression in more aggressive or metastasizing cancers resulted in increased MMP processing. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KAI1, A prostate metastasis suppressor: Prediction of solvated structure and interactions with binding partners; integrins, cadherins, and cell‐surface receptor proteins†
Authors: Bienstock Rachelle J. , Barrett J. Carl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe solution structure of the transmembrane‐4 superfamily protein KAI1, a recently identified prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene that encodes a 267–amino acid protein, was modeled. The structure of this four‐helical transmembrane protein was developed by defining and modeling sections individually. A complete three‐dimensional structure for the solvated protein was developed by combining the individually modeled sections. The four‐helix transmembrane bundle structure was predicted combining information from several methods including Fourier transform analysis of residue variability for helix orientation. The structure of the KAI1 large extracellular domain was modeled based on the solved crystal structure of the extracellular domain of another tetraspanin superfamily protein member, CD81 (hepatitis C virus envelope E2 glycoprotein receptor). This is a novel protein fold consisting of five alpha helices held together by two disulfide bonds for which the CD81 protein is the first solved representative. Molecular dynamics studies were performed to test stability and to relax the total model KAI1 structure's solution. The resulting KAI1 structural model should be a useful tool for predicting modes of self‐association and associations with other TM4SF proteins, integrins, cadherins, and other KAI1 binding partners. Mutations for probing the interactions of KAI1 with antibodies and with other binding partners are suggested. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.