bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some results of Moser and of Bangert
Authors: Rabinowitz P.H. , Stredulinsky E. 
Published: September 2004

A new proof is given of results in (V. Bangert, AIHP Anal. Nonlin. 6 (1989) 95) on the existence of minimal (in the sense of Giaquinta and Guisti) heteroclinic solutions of a nonlinear elliptic PDE. Bangert’s work is based on an earlier paper of Moser (AIHP Anal. Nonlin. 3 (1986) 229). Unlike (V. Bangert, AIHP Anal. Nonlin. 6 (1989) 95), the proof here is variational in nature, and involves the minimization of a 'renormalized’ functional. It is meant to be the first step towards finding locally vs. globally minimal solutions of the PDE.

Résumé
Nous donnons une démonstration nouvelle des résultats de Bangert sur l’existence d’une solution minimale (au sens de Giaquinta et Guisti) hétéroclinique d’un EDP elliptique nonlinéaire. Le travail de Bangert est basé sur un article de Moser (AIHP Anal. Nonlin. 3 (1986) 229). Contrairement à (V. Bangert, AIHP Anal. Nonlin. 6 (1989) 95), la démonstration est variationelle en nature, et utilise la minimisation d’une fonctionelle « renormalisée ». C’est une tentative de premier pas pour trouver des solutions minimales localement, plutôt que globalment de l’EDP.
An error estimate for the parabolic approximation of multidimensional scalar conservation laws with boundary conditions
Authors: Droniou J. , Imbert C. , Vovelle J. 
Published: September 2004

We study the parabolic approximation of a multidimensional scalar conservation law with initial and boundary conditions. We prove that the rate of convergence of the viscous approximation to the weak entropy solution is of order

η^{1/3}

, where

η

is the size of the artificial viscosity. We use a kinetic formulation and kinetic techniques for initial-boundary value problems developed by the last two authors in a previous work.

Résumé

Nous étudions l’approximation parabolique d’une loi de conservation scalaire multi-dimensionnelle avec conditions initiales et aux limites. Nous prouvons que la vitesse de convergence de l’approximation visqueuse vers la solution entropique est de l’ordre de

η^{1/3}

, où

η

est la taille de la viscosité artificielle. Nous utilisons une formulation et des techniques cinétiques développées pour des problèmes au bord par les deux derniers auteurs dans un travail précédent.
Prediction of pKa and redox properties in the thioredoxin superfamily
Authors: Moutevelis Efrosini , Warwicker Jim 
Published: September 2004

AbstractElectrostatic interactions play important roles in diverse biological phenomena controlling the function of many proteins. Polar molecules can be studied with the FDPB method solving the Poisson‐Boltzmann equation on a finite difference grid. A method for the prediction of pKas and redox potentials in the thioredoxin superfamily is introduced. The results are compared with experimental pKa data where available, and predictions are made for members lacking such data. Studying CxxC motif variation in the context of different background structures permits analysis of contributions to cysteine ΔpKas. The motif itself and the overall framework regulate pKa variation. The reported method includes generation of multiple side‐chain rotamers for the CxxC motif and is an effective predictive tool for functional pKa variation across the superfamily. Redox potential follows the trend in cysteine pKa variation, but some residual discrepancy indicates that a pH‐independent factor plays a role in determining redox potentials for at least some members of the superfamily. A possible molecular basis for this feature is discussed.
Probing the influence on folding behavior of structurally conserved core residues in P. aeruginosa apo‐azurin
Authors: Engman K. Cecilia , Sandberg Anders , Leckner Johan , Karlsson B. Göran 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe effects on folding kinetics and equilibrium stability of core mutations in the apo‐mutant C112S of azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. A number of conserved residues within the cupredoxin family were recognized by sequential alignment as constituting a common hydrophobic core: I7, F15, L33, W48, F110, L50, V95, and V31. Of these, I7, V31, L33, and L50 were mutated for the purpose of obtaining information on the transition state and a potential folding nucleus. In addition, residue V5 in the immediate vicinity of the common core, as well as T52, separate from the core, were mutated as controls. All mutants exhibited a nonlinear dependence of activation free energy of folding on denaturant concentration, although the refolding kinetics of the V31A/C112S mutant indicated that the V31A mutation destabilizes the transition state enough to allow folding via a parallel transition state ensemble. Φ‐values could be calculated for three of the six mutants, V31A/C112S, L33A/C112S, and L50A/C112S, and the fractional values of 0.63, 0.33, and 0.50 (respectively) obtained at 0.5 M GdmCl suggest that these residues are important for stabilizing the transition state. Furthermore, a linear dependence of ln kobsH2O on ΔGU−NH2O of the core mutations and the putative involvement of ground‐state effects suggest the presence of native‐like residual interactions in the denatured state that bias this ensemble toward a folding‐competent state.
Structure and function of the Gondwanian hemoglobin of Pseudaphritis urvillii, a primitive notothenioid fish of temperate latitudes
Authors: Verde Cinzia , Howes Barry D. , De Rosa M. Cristina , Raiola Luca , Smulevich Giulietta , Williams Richard , Giardina Bruno , Parisi Elio , Di Prisco Guido 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe suborder Notothenioidei dominates the Antarctic ichthyofauna. The non‐Antarctic monotypic family Pseudaphritidae is one of the most primitive families. The characterization of the oxygen‐transport system of euryhaline Pseudaphritis urvillii is herewith reported. Similar to most Antarctic notothenioids, this temperate species has a single major hemoglobin (Hb 1, over 95% of the total). Hb 1 has strong Bohr and Root effects. It shows two very uncommon features in oxygen binding: At high pH values, the oxygen affinity is exceptionally high compared to other notothenioids, and subunit cooperativity is modulated by pH in an unusual way, namely the curve of the Hill coefficient is bell‐shaped, with values approaching 1 at both extremes of pH. Molecular modeling, electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra have been used to characterize the heme environment of Hb 1 in an attempt to explain these features, particularly in view of some potentially important nonconservative replacements found in the primary structure. Compared to human HbA, no major changes were found in the structure of the proximal cavity of the α‐chain of Hb 1, although an altered distal histidyl and heme position was identified in the models of the β‐chain, possibly facilitated by a more open heme pocket due to reduced steric constraints on the vinyl substituent groups. This conformation may lead to the hemichrome form identified by spectroscopy in the Met state, which likely fulfils a potentially important physiological role.
Cartilage is a metazoan tissue; integrating data from nonvertebrate sources
Authors: Cole Alison G. , Hall Brian K. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractConnective tissues are responsible for much of the variation in morphology that we see today. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that is often considered to be restricted to vertebrates, however, cartilaginous tissues are also found within invertebrates. Unfortunately, most definitions and classification schemes for cartilages suffer from a strong vertebrate bias, severely hampering the efforts of those who have attempted to include invertebrate tissues as cartilage. To encompass all types of cartilage, current classification systems need to be expanded. Here we present vesicular cell‐rich as a new cartilage classification. Invertebrate cartilages, comparable to vertebrate cartilages at both cell and tissue levels, are composed of similar molecules, yet the extent to which they may be homologous is unknown. One option for studying the evolution of tissues is to adopt molecular phylogenetic approaches. However, the paucity of published molecular data makes addressing the evolution of cartilage using molecular phylogenetic approaches unrealistic at this time. Cartilage likely evolved from a chondroid connective tissue precursor, and may have been independently derived many times. The appearance of cartilaginous tissues of unknown phylogenetic affinities in such a wide diversity of animal groups warrants further investigation.
A dendrobranchiate, Peisos petrunkevitchi (Decapoda, Sergestidae), with reptant‐like sperm: a spermiocladistic assessment
Authors: Scelzo Marcelo A. , Medina Antonio 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe spermatozoon of Peisos petrunkevitchi differs significantly from those of any of the investigated dendrobranchiates in the anterior fusiform acrosome, lacking a spike, and embedded in (instead of capping) the nuclear region. In contrast, the position of the acrosome and the internal arrangement of its contents, as well as the apomorphic presence of a pair of centrioles (absent in all known dendrobranchiate spermatozoa) at the base of the acrosomal perforatorium, indicate a close affinity between this sperm plan and that found in reptants, especially anomurans and brachyurans. Based on the present and previous observations on decapod spermatozoal ultrastructure, we review the phylogeny of dendrobranchiate spermatozoa in the perspective of most recent phylogenetic analyses of malacostracan crustaceans.
crabp and maf highlight the novelty of the amphioxus club‐shaped gland
Authors: Jackman William R. , Mougey Jolee M. , Panopoulou Georgia D. , Kimmel Charles B. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe club‐shaped gland (csg) is a prominent organ during the development of amphioxus. However, the evolutionary significance of this pharyngeal structure has been a mystery because of the lack of an obvious corollary in vertebrates or other close relatives. To address the homology of the csg by molecular means, we report the cloning and expression patterns of two amphioxus genes expressed during its development, crabp and maf. Amphioxus maf is a bzip transcription factor expressed early in csg formation in the forming of the ventral duct of the gland. crabp encodes a cellular retinoic acid binding protein and is expressed widely in the csg later in its development. We compare these genes to the expression of AmphiKrox, a zinc‐finger transcription factor previously reported to be expressed during csg development. Together these genes mark different spatial and temporal aspects of csg formation. However, we find little evidence to suggest homology of the csg with other organs in amphioxus or other chordates. We therefore propose that the csg can be viewed as an evolutionary novelty that probably arose within the amphioxus lineage.
Variation in plasma glucose and pancreatic β cells in the turtle, Lissemys punctata (order: Chelonia; family: Trionychidae)
Authors: Chandavar Vidya R. , Naik Prakash R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe present study relates to the determination of the plasma glucose level and volumetric analysis of β cells in pancreatic islets of the soft‐shelled turtle Lissemys punctata during different phases of its reproductive cycle. Reproductive events play a vital role in influencing the plasma glucose level and β‐cell behaviour in the pancreatic islets. The colour of the pancreas is either yellowish or pinkish, depending on endocrine activity. Islets are present throughout the gland and range from individual cells to small or large clumps, depending on the seasonal cycle. Splenic islets are dense with more blood capillaries and nerve innervations irrespective of sex and season. The endocrine cell mass forms irregular patches without connective tissue capsule. β cells occupy the inner region of the islets, being surrounded by other cell types. Lissemys punctata exhibits higher β‐cell activity during hibernation. Most insulin‐secreting cells acquire a larger size during the regressive period. An analysis indicates that β cells outnumber the non‐β endocrine cell mass in both number and per cent volume. There is negative correlation between islet mass and animal weight. Between the periods of reproductive cycles, a difference exists with respect to fasting plasma glucose and β‐cell volume.
Structure of the coxa and homeosis of legs in Nematocera (Insecta: Diptera)
Authors: Frantsevich Leonid 
Published: September 2004

AbstractConstruction of the middle and hind coxae was investigated in 95 species of 30 nematoceran families. As a rule, the middle coxa contains a separate coxite, the mediocoxite, articulated to the sternal process. In most families, this coxite is movably articulated to the eucoxite and to the distocoxite area; the coxa is radially split twice. Some groups are characterized by a single split.The coxa in flies is restricted in its rotation owing to a partial junction either between the meron and the pleurite or between the eucoxite and the meropleurite. Hence the coxa is fastened to the thorax not only by two pivots (to the pleural ridge and the sternal process), but at the junction named above. Rotation is impossible without deformations; the role of hinges between coxites is to absorb deformations. This adaptive principle is confirmed by physical modelling.Middle coxae of limoniid tribes Eriopterini and Molophilini are compact, constructed by the template of hind coxae. On the contrary, hind coxae in all families of Mycetophiloidea and in Psychodidae s.l. are constructed like middle ones, with the separate mediocoxite, centrally suspended at the sternal process. These cases are considered as homeotic mutations, substituting one structure with a no less efficient one.
Intraductal pancreatic calculi in patients with choledochal cyst
Authors: Taneja S , Nagi B , Kochhar R , Bhasin DK , Lal A , Singh K 
Published: September 2004

SummaryIntraductal pancreatic calculi are a rare association in patients with choledochal cyst (CC). Reported herein is a retrospective analysis of the data on pancreatic calculi in 37 patients (10 children and 27 adults) who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for CC over a period of 15 years. Five patients (one child and four adults) were identified as having intraductal pancreatic calculi. Three had type I and two had type IV CC. Four underwent cyst excision. No intervention was carried out for the pancreatic calculi. There was no evidence of pancreatic insufficiency on follow up and none had recurrence of abdominal pain. One patient died of cholangitis, which was the initial presenting problem. Intraductal pancreatic calculi associated with CC, although uncommon, are not rare and are not always symptomatic.
Role of mammography in diagnosis of axillary abnormalities in women with normal breast examination
Authors: Muttarak M , Chaiwun B , Peh WCG 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe mammograms of 43 patients presenting with palpable unilateral masses in the axilla and normal breasts on physical examination were retrospectively reviewed to determine the cause and imaging characteristics of axillary abnormalities, and the usefulness of mammography in detecting occult breast carcinoma. Cytological or histological confirmation was obtained in all patients. Forty of 43 patients had axillary lymphadenopathy while three had lipoma, fibroadenoma and haematoma, respectively. Causes of malignant lymphadenopathy (n = 22) were metastatic diseases from non‐mammary primary malignancy (n = 8), occult ipsilateral breast carcinoma (n = 5), and previous contralateral breast carcinoma (n = 9). Causes of benign lymphadenopathy (n = 18) were reactive nodal hyperplasia (n = 6), collagen vascular diseases (n = 2), and acute bacterial (n = 2) and tuberculous (n = 8) lymphadenitis. Nodal size was not significantly different between benign and malignant lymph nodes. Benign and malignant nodal margins were variable. Intranodal microcalcifications were found in two cases of breast carcinoma mestastasis. Intranodal macrocalcifications were found in three cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Occult primary breast carcinoma was detected on mammograms in four of five patients with axillary lymphadenopathy due to ipsilateral breast carcinoma. Mammographical features of benign and malignant lymphadenopathy may be indistinguishable, but presence of intranodal calcifications is helpful. Mammography is also valuable in depicting occult primary breast carcinoma.
New endoluminal technology: Efficacy and safety − whose responsibility?
Authors: Buckenham T 
Published: September 2004

SummaryNew endoluminal technology is being increasingly used in the management of arterial disease. With this increased usage of often experimental devices there is a growing responsibility for clinicians to collect data and report adverse events particularly in the longer term, when initial feasibility studies have been concluded. Many of these devices will have a perceived advantage so great that randomized controlled trials are not feasible. It is important that these perceptions are based on robust data not clinical impressions. The following article discusses methods of device assessment and looks at who is responsible for ongoing device evaluation.
Do written consent forms provide medicolegal protection from litigation in radiotherapy?
Authors: Christie DRH 
Published: September 2004

SummaryTwo methods were used in an attempt to determine whether written consent forms serve a useful medicolegal purpose in Australian radiotherapy departments. First a survey was posted to all practising radiation oncologists to ask about their use of written consent forms and whether they had ever been useful in any claims made against them. Second, the largest medical defence organization in Australia was contacted for de‐identified details about every claim ever made against a radiation oncologist. The survey yielded a response rate of 50.3%. Only one respondent indicated that any consent form had ever played a role in any claim and was not prepared to discuss it. Many radiation oncologists did not routinely use a consent form and its use could not be considered standard practice. The submitted consent forms generally did not contain warnings to the patient about specific risks of treatment. The details of the previous claims provided by the medical defence organization indicated that more often claims arose from circumstances in which a written consent form could not provide any useful protection such as radiation dose calculation errors. The medicolegal value of written consent forms in radiotherapy seems low, although further research may be necessary before dispensing with them completely.
Acute radiation toxicity assessment of a 3‐D conformal head and neck radiation treatment technique
Authors: Kearvell R , Kuan R , Preston R , Tanner P , Buck H , Hedges R 
Published: September 2004

SummaryPatients undergoing radiation treatment for head and neck cancer have many critical structures within or adjacent to the treatment area. Avoiding these critical structures is more efficient and easier using 3‐D conformal planning. At Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital an investigation into the acute radiation toxicity was undertaken when the head and neck treatment technique was changed from the conventional 2‐D plan to the conformal 3‐D plan. Although the primary target volume (PTV), fraction size and overall dose remain the same for the two techniques, differing beam configurations mean that treatment fields enter and exit through different parts of the head and neck. Ten patients were initially assessed to gain a baseline appearance of their head and neck region, and then graded weekly according to the toxicity criteria during treatment and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. The results of the assessment indicate that there is no increase in toxicity as a result of treating using the conformal head and neck technique.
Assessing outcomes of cancer care: Lessons to be learned from a retrospective review of the management of small cell lung cancer at the Cancer Therapy Centre, Liverpool Hospital, January 1996−July 2000
Authors: Ellis PM , Delaney G , Della‐Fiorentina S , Moylan E 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe purpose of the present paper was to review the outcomes of care of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at one Sydney teaching hospital. A retrospective cohort study was carried out of patients with SCLC seen between January 1996 and July 2000. The main outcomes were relapse‐free and overall survival. Secondary outcomes of interest were the uniformity of staging investigations, initial treatment, use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI), patterns of relapse and treatment received following relapse. One hundred and three patients with SCLC were treated at the Liverpool Hospital Cancer Therapy Centre during this period. There were 58 men (56%) and 45 women (44%). Forty‐two patients (41%) had limited stage disease (LD) and 61 (59%) had extensive stage disease (ED). There was considerable variation in staging investigations. There was little variation in systemic treatment of SCLC. Only 32 of 42 patients with limited stage SCLC were candidates for thoracic radiotherapy and only seven patients received PCI. Median relapse‐free survival was 11.2 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.7−14.8) for patients with LD and 6 months (95%CI: 4.4−7.5) for ED. Median overall survival was 15.1 months (95%CI: 11−19.1) for patients with LD and 8.9 months (95%CI: 7.5−10.2) for ED. Some health outcomes similar to that reported in clinical trials can be achieved in clinical practice. Measuring health outcomes is an important process of maintaining quality of care.
Atypical diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance findings in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Batra A , Tripathi RP 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe present report describes two patients with glioblastoma multiforme with the tumour demonstrating low central apparent diffusion coefficient values similar to those found in cerebral abscesses. Although conventional MR images were fairly specific for tumour, the cases illustrate the need for exercising caution when using diffusion‐weighted (DW) MR images for the differentiation of necrotic brain tumours from abscesses. The DW MR imaging information should always be integrated with the conventional spin‐echo MR images.
Role of embolization in the management of splenic trauma
Authors: Lui B , Schlicht S , Vrazas J 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe management of splenic trauma is determined by factors related to a patient's clinical state. Currently, non‐surgical management is favoured because of morbidity related to laparotomy and splenectomy. However, the presence of a pseudoaneurysm might necessitate selective splenic arteriography and embolization. Even though this also has associated morbidity, conservation of viable splenic tissue is a desired result.
Sarcoidosis of the thoracic and lumbar spine: Imaging findings with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lisle D , Mitchell K , Crouch M , Windsor M 
Published: September 2004

SummaryVertebral sarcoidosis is exceedingly rare with only a few cases reported in the published literature. The case of a 40‐year‐old man with vertebral sarcoidosis is presented, emphasizing the role of MRI and biopsy in confirming the diagnosis. A brief review of the published literature is also presented.
Concurrent emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cholecystitis in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bhansali A , Bhadada S , Shridhar C , Choudhary S , Khandelwal N 
Published: September 2004

SummaryConcurrence of emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cholecystitis in a patient with type 2 diabetes has not been reported in the published literature, to the authors’ knowledge. A patient who had both at the time of presentation is reported. The mechanism of gas formation and the management strategies are discussed.