bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the efficacy of the Mediterranean-DASH diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay in mitigating cognitive decline
Authors: Aderinto Nicholas , Olatunji Gbolahan , Abdulbasit Muili , Olajide Tobi Nifemi , Kokori Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The association between the Mediterranean-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet and cognitive decline has garnered substantial attention in recent research. This review aims to comprehensively analyse the existing evidence regarding the potential impact of the MIND diet on cognitive health.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies exploring the relationship between the MIND diet and cognitive decline. A narrative synthesis approach was employed to summarise and interpret the findings from diverse study designs.

Results
The review reveals consistent evidence suggesting a positive association between adherence to the MIND diet and improved cognitive performance. Several longitudinal studies demonstrate potential preventive effects against cognitive decline, emphasising the significance of dietary habits in preserving cognitive function.

Conclusion
The MIND diet's positive impact on cognitive health is well-supported by numerous studies. Additionally, the review highlights the exciting opportunity to connect research findings with practical dietary guidance and targeted interventions, particularly for high-risk populations, to enhance cognitive health promotion.
Women’s knowledge of physiotherapy during pregnancy: a mixed study
Authors: Kingau Naomi Wanjiru , Dagala Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Many women may not be aware of physiotherapy in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the level of awareness of physiotherapy in pregnancy among pregnant women in the Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital (KTRH), Kenya.

Methods
A mixed study was conducted on ANC mothers, ANC nurses, and physiotherapists. Consecutive sampling was employed for the quantitative study (101 participants) and a purposive sample of 15 participants for the qualitative study. Questionnaire and interview guides were utilized for data collection. SPSS version 27 was applied for quantitative data analysis, while thematic content approach analyzed qualitative data.

Results
One hundred one ANC mothers participated in the study; the mean age was 27.3 year. Forty percent (n = 40) had attained high school education; 54% (n = 55) lived in the urban area. Seventy-five percent (n = 76) were knowledgeable on the significance of antenatal care; however, only 27% (n = 27) attended the first ANC visit, and the numbers tapered with subsequent visits to 2% (n = 2) for the 6th visit. Eighty-five percent (n = 86) did not know about physiotherapy during pregnancy, while a meager 15% (n = 15) pregnant women had knowledge regarding physiotherapy in pregnancy. Fifty-three percent of pregnant women had no source of knowledge about physiotherapy; 22% experienced LBP as a complication during the pregnancy that would be managed by physiotherapy.
Interviews elicited three themes which highlighted low knowledge of physiotherapy in pregnancy, low uptake of ANC, and the challenges facing physiotherapy education program in ANC.

Conclusion
There was low knowledge on physiotherapy among ANC mothers despite the need for this service. Low education levels and staff shortage came out strongly as the main challenges. Programs should be instituted to empower women with lower educational status to seek for apt knowledge on all relevant services during ANC. Likewise, the government should improve staff establishment in public hospitals to facilitate ANC educational programs for healthcare providers and mothers.
A novel telehealth tool using a snack activity to identify autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ma Zenghui , Jin Yan , He Ruoying , Liu Qinyi , Su Xing , Chen Jialu , Xu Disha , Cheng Jianhong , Zheng Tiantian , Guo Yanqing , Li Xue , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented need for accessible health care services and significantly accelerated the development processes of telehealth tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) early screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and utility of a time-efficient telehealth tool combining a structured snack time assessment activity and a novel behaviour coding scheme for identifying ASD.

Methods
A total of 134 1–6-year-old individuals with ASD (age in months: mean = 51.3, SD = 13.1) and 134 age- and sex-matched typically developing individuals (TD) (age in months: mean = 54, SD = 9.44) completed a 1-min snack time interaction assessment with examiners. The recorded videos were then coded by trained coders for 17 ASD-related behaviours; the beginning and end points and the form and function of each behaviour were recorded, which took 10–15 min. Coded details were transformed into 62 indicators representing the count, duration, rate, and proportion of those behaviours.

Results
Twenty indicators with good reliability were selected for group difference, univariate and multivariate analyses. Fifteen behaviour indicators differed significantly between the ASD and TD groups and remained significant after Bonferroni correction, including the children’s response to the examiner’s initiation, eye gaze, pointing, facial expressions, vocalization and verbalization, and giving behaviours. Five indicators were included in the final prediction model: total counts of eye gaze, counts of standard pointing divided by the total counts of pointing, counts of appropriate facial expressions, counts of socially oriented vocalizations and verbalizations divided by the total counts of vocalizations and verbalizations, and counts of children using giving behaviours to respond to the examiner's initiations divided by the total counts of the examiner's initiation of snack requisitions. The ROC curve revealed a good prediction performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.955, a sensitivity of 92.5% and a specificity of 84.3%.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the snack activity-based ASD telehealth approach shows promise in primary health care settings for early ASD screening.
Nonlocal symmetries, nonlocally related systems, similarity solutions and conservation laws of the Tzitzéica-Dodd-Bullogh equation
Authors: Vinita  , Saha Ray Santanu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a methodical procedure is utilized for the identification of nonlocal symmetries of the (1+1)-dimensional Tzitzéica-Dodd-Bullogh equation. Firstly, by introducing a set of canonical coordinates corresponding to the local Lie point symmetries, the considered partial differential eq. (PDE) is mapped to an invertibly equivalent PDE system. Furthermore, nonlocal symmetries are obtained from the inverse potential system of the invertibly equivalent PDE system. The exact solutions for the aforementioned PDE are acquired with the help of the extended generalized Kudryashov method corresponding to the admitted symmetries. In addition, the derivation of local conservation laws for the Tzitzéica-Dodd-Bullogh equation is obtained through the multiplier method. Moreover, using a symmetry-based technique and local conservation principles, a complete tree of nonlocally related PDE systems has been constructed.
Multi-level regulation of even-skipped stripes by the ubiquitous factor Zelda
Authors: Bishop Timothy R. , Onal Pinar , Xu Zhe , Zheng Michael , Gunasinghe Himari , Nien Chung-Yi , Small Stephen , Datta Rhea R. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The zinc-finger protein Zelda (Zld) is a key activator of zygotic transcription in early Drosophila embryos. Here, we study Zld-dependent regulation of the seven-striped pattern of the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve). Individual stripes are regulated by discrete enhancers that respond to broadly distributed activators; stripe boundaries are formed by localized repressors encoded by the gap genes. The strongest effects of Zld are on stripes 2, 3 and 7, which are regulated by two enhancers in a 3.8 kb genomic fragment that includes the eve basal promoter. We show that Zld facilitates binding of the activator Bicoid and the gap repressors to this fragment, consistent with its proposed role as a pioneer protein. To test whether the effects of Zld are direct, we mutated all canonical Zld sites in the 3.8 kb fragment, which reduced expression but failed to phenocopy the abolishment of stripes caused by removing Zld in trans. We show that Zld also indirectly regulates the eve stripes by establishing specific gap gene expression boundaries, which provides the embryonic spacing required for proper stripe activation.
Negotiations in crisis situations of the professional activity of the police of El Salvador
Authors: Campos Silva Adela Margarita , Vozzhenikova Ol'ga 
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the use of negotiation technology by law enforcement officers in crisis situations on the example of the police of El Salvador. The historical background of the emergence of the police in the Republic of El Salvador, its primary structure, its role in the civil war of 1979-1993, the Chapultepec Peace Agreements, the transition from the punitive functions of the National Guard to the law enforcement of the National Civil Police (PNC), which is currently the main law enforcement agency of the state, is briefly presented. Structure and functions of the National Civil Police.
The article notes the universality of negotiations as a technology that allows a police officer to successfully get out of a crisis situation with minimal damage to himself and the parties to the conflict, to prevent or minimize the consequences of an offense or crime. A list of recommendations on the organization and content of the stages of the negotiation process has been formed. The professional competencies necessary for a successful negotiator are identified. The conclusions summarize the research work done and determine the optimal approaches to the selection of negotiators from among police officers and the conditions for the formation of their necessary professional skills and personal qualities.
Based on the analysis of the activities of the Salvadoran police, it is obvious that many important skills of a negotiator can be acquired by an employee either within the framework of professional experience or in the process of special training.
Life orientations of males with different social status
Authors: Istomin Artem , Smirnova Valeria , Sobolev Nikolay , Sumina Ekaterina 
Published: November 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the content features of the life orientations of males with different social status – students and those sentenced to imprisonment, to assess ideas about the main and meaning of life, as well as about life principles that are a means of personal self-development. The structure and content of life orientations is defined as the subject of this study, the purpose of which is to analyze and describe the features of life orientations contained in the ideas about life rules in men with different social status. The research methodology was based on the following theoretical positions: the concept of values and value orientations, the concept of meaning-life orientations, the concept of life orientations, the concept of life principles as a means of personal self-development of a person, ideas about the main things in life and the meanings of life in the works of domestic psychologists.
At different stages of scientific research, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of psychological literature on the problem under study, the method of unfinished sentences, a retrospective questionnaire of life principles. The total volume of the empirical sample was 150 people (convicts of the Kirovo-Chepetsk correctional colony (n=74) and students of the Vyatka State University Sports Faculty (n=76). A direct empirical study was conducted in 2019 using the method of unfinished sentences and a retrospective questionnaire of N. A. Nizovskikh's life principles. Mathematical and statistical data processing included the calculation of descriptive statistics, which was implemented in MS Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics v 27 software products.
Based on the results of theoretical and analytical studies, the similarity of the structure of life orientations in the two groups of respondents studied was determined, represented through the attitude of the subject to himself and others, as well as through the manifestation of attitudes to life, nature and values, etc. (there are nine generalized constructs in total). It was found that the content of the life values of students and convicts have both similarities and differences. The majority of respondents borrowed life principles from their parents, it was also found that some of the principles are formulated in the process of communication and interaction with significant others.
The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the essential constructs of life orientations, presented in the rules of life and ideas about the main thing in life and the meaning of life, the description of generalized constructs of life orientations of men with different social status. The practical significance of the conducted research consists in the possibility, according to the criterion of priority life orientations, to organize a psychological design of the internal picture of the subject's life activity.
On Solving MAX-SAT Using Sum of Squares
Authors: Sinjorgo Lennart , Sotirov Renata 
Published: November 2023

We consider semidefinite programming (SDP) approaches for solving the maximum satisfiability (MAX-SAT) problem and weighted partial MAX-SAT. It is widely known that SDP is well-suited to approximate (MAX-)2-SAT. Our work shows the potential of SDP also for other satisfiability problems by being competitive with some of the best solvers in the yearly MAX-SAT competition. Our solver combines sum of squares (SOS)–based SDP bounds and an efficient parser within a branch-and-bound scheme. On the theoretical side, we propose a family of semidefinite feasibility problems and show that a member of this family provides the rank-two guarantee. We also provide a parametric family of semidefinite relaxations for MAX-SAT and derive several properties of monomial bases used in the SOS approach. We connect two well-known SDP approaches for (MAX)-SAT in an elegant way. Moreover, we relate our SOS-SDP relaxations for partial MAX-SAT to the known SAT relaxations. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Discrete. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0036 .
When Bonuses Backfire: Evidence from the Workplace
Authors: Alfitian Jakob , Sliwka Dirk , Vogelsang Timo 
Published: November 2023

Monetary incentives are widely used to align employee actions with employer objectives. We conducted a field experiment in a retail chain to evaluate whether an attendance bonus could reduce employee absenteeism. Apprentices in 232 stores were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two treatment groups in which a monetary or time-off attendance bonus was introduced for one year. We find that neither variant of the attendance bonus led to a systematic reduction in absenteeism. On the contrary, the monetary attendance bonus increased absenteeism substantially by around 50% on average, which corresponds to more than five additional days absent per employee and year. This effect was driven by the most recently hired apprentices. Survey results reveal that the monetary attendance bonus shifted the perception of absenteeism as acceptable behavior. The backfiring effect persisted beyond the end of the experiment, indicating a lasting erosion of social norms. This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: Funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG; German Research Foundation) [Grant EXC 2126/1–390838866] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00484 .
The relationships between upper extremity muscle strength and endurance with respiratory function, functional capacity and quality of life in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Maden Çağtay , Bayramlar Kezban , Maden Tuba , Sağlam Melda , Eltan Sevgi Bilgiç , Keskin Özlem 
Published: November 2023

Background/Aims The number of studies exploring isolated upper extremity muscle strength and endurance in paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between upper extremity muscle strength and endurance with respiratory functions, functional capacity and quality of life in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Methods Children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis performed a flexed arm hang test to measure muscle endurance, movement against a dynamometer to measure muscle strength, a pulmonary function test and 6-minute walk test to measure functional capacity. The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire Revised was used to assess quality of life. Results A total of 29 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (15 girls, 14 boys) participated in the study. Biceps muscle strength moderately correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second predicted percentage, forced vital capacity predicted percentage and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity predicted percentage (r=0.306, P=0.035; r=0.405; P=0.029; r=0.367, P=0.048, respectively). Biceps muscle strength, shoulder abductors muscle strength, hand grip strength and flexed arm hang test correlated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity predicted percentage. Biceps muscle strength, shoulder abductors muscle strength, hand grip strength and flexed arm hang test correlated with 6-minute walk test distance (r=0.678, p<0.001; r=0.732, p<0.001; r=0.512, P=0.005; r=0.375, P=0.045, respectively). Biceps muscle strength and shoulder abductors muscle strength moderately correlated with emotional functioning and eating disturbances in the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire Revised (r=0.451, P=0.014). Conclusions Specific assessment of upper extremity muscle strength and endurance in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis may be helpful in informing physiotherapists of respiratory function, functional capacity and quality of life status.]
MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES FROM GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AT A TERTIARY ORTHOPAEDIC CENTRE
Authors: Leslie Kenneth , Matshidza Steven 
Published: November 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) causes significant morbidity and its unlikely to be reported compared to other forms of gender-based violence (GBV). For early detection, understanding Orthopaedic injuries from GBV is vital. This study assesses the pattern of musculoskeletal injuries from GBV and determines the factors associated with it.It is a retrospective observational study of patients aged ≥18 years, with GBV-related acute Orthopaedic injuries. Data was reviewed from January 2021 to December 2021, including, demographic information, soft tissue and bony injuries, relationship to assailant, substance abuse and the day and time of injury. Frequencies and percentages for categorical data were analysed. Chi-square test was used to calculate association. T-test was used to compare groups for continuous & categorical variables. Multivariate analysis was conducted to find the odds ratio and a p-value <0.05 was statistically significant.138 patients were included, the mean age at presentation being 35.02 years (SD=11). 92.75% of GBV victims were females. Most were unemployed (66.7%). 30.43% (n-42) had a soft tissue injury; superficial laceration being the most common (23.1%), flexor tendon injury (10.87%), hand abscess (5.8%), and extensor tendon injury (5.07%). 71.02 % (n=98) sustained appendicular fractures. 51.45% (n=71) sustained upper limb fractures; distal radius fractures (10.86%) and distal 3rd ulnar fractures (9,42%). 19.57% (n=27) had lower limb fractures; 7.25% (n=10) had lateral malleolus ankle fractures. 63.7% (n=80) of cases were by an intimate partner on weekends (50.73%). 62.31% occurred between 16h00 and 0h00. 41.1% (n=65) reported alcohol abuse. 63.04% had surgery.GBV likely occurs in early middle-aged females by intimate partners influenced by alcohol over the weekends between 16h00 to 0h00. Distal radius/distal 3rd ulnar fractures are the most common bony injuries. Superficial wrist laceration is the commonest soft tissue injury. These findings may assist with early detection and intervention to prevent adverse outcomes in GBV.
THE ROLE OF PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS IN ZONE II AND ZONE V ACUTE FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES
Authors: Tshisikule Rihangwele 
Published: November 2023

Our study sought to establish the necessity of prolonged pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients presenting with zone II and zone V acute flexor tendon injuries (FTI). We hypothesized that a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic was adequate in prevention of post-operative wound infection in acute zone II and V FTI.This was a prospective study of 116 patients who presented with zone II and zone V acute FTI. The study included patients who were 18 years and older. Those with macroscopic contamination, immunocompromised, open fractures, bite injuries, and crush injuries were excluded. Patients were randomised into a group receiving a single dose of prophylactic antibiotic and another group receiving a continuous 8 hourly antibiotic doses until the day of surgery. Each group was subdivided into occupational and non-occupational injuries. Their post-operative wound outcomes were documented 10 – 14 days after surgery. The wound outcome was reported as no infection, superficial infection (treated with wound dressings), and deep infection (requiring surgical debridement).There was 0.9% rate of deep post-operative wound infections, which was a single zone V acute FTI case in a single dose prophylactic antibiotic group. There was a 7.8% superficial post-operative wound infection rate, which was mainly zone II acute FTI in both antibiotic groups. There was a strong association between zone II acute FTI and post-operative wound infection (p < 0.05). There was no association between (antibiotic dosage or place of injury) with post-operative wound infection (p > 0.05).There is no benefit in prescribing prolonged pre-operative antibiotic in patients with acute, simple lacerations to zone II and zone V FTI if there is no macroscopic wound contamination.