bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient data generation for the determination of effective oxygen diffusion coefficients of cementitious materials
Authors: Kostic Viktor , Haynack Alexander , Timothy Jithender J. , Kränkel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo develop new cementitious materials with the goal of reducing the carbon footprint a rapid assessment of information about their resistance against damaging processes is of utmost importance to ensure long‐term durability. The Oxygen diffusion test is an efficient method to evaluate the ingress of gas in concretes and mortars without changing the porous structure of the specimen during testing. However, currently no standardized test method exists. We determined the effective Oxygen diffusion coefficient, De,O2 of mortar discs using a single diffusion cell method. Furthermore, we enhanced the procedure by extrapolating the oxygen saturation curves of the diffusion cells with a simple asymptotic function to identify a minimum required test duration where the extrapolated data still delivers reliable results and hence, shorten the overall required measurement time. In our case, we were able to significantly reduce the effort needed to obtain results that are within the range of the respective standard deviation of individual specimens. Our findings further strengthen the feasibility of time and cost efficient gas diffusion testing methods that could deliver complementary information for evaluating existing and designing new cementitious materials.
Dauerhaftigkeit von Beton nach dem PerformancePrinzip – Zustandserfassung an Brückenbauwerken
Authors: Kubens Stefan , Lozano‐Valcarcel Juan Mauricio , Kränkel Thomas , Müller Christoph , Gehlen Christoph 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungDie Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauwerken wird in den aktuellen Regelwerken im Wesentlichen mit deskriptiven Regeln sichergestellt. DIN EN 1992, DIN EN 206‐1, DIN EN 13670 und DIN 1045 Teil 2 bis 4 fassen alle Anforderungen zusammen.Zwischen den Ergebnissen von Lebensdauerbetrachtungen auf der Grundlage im Labor ermittelter Dauerhaftigkeitskennwerte und des fib Modelcode einerseits und den in Deutschland aktuell gültigen deskriptiven Regeln des Betonbaus andererseits, konnten Widersprüche festgestellt werden. An dieser Stelle setzt das Projekt an, über welches hier berichtet wird. Um die auf der Basis des aktuellen Regelwerks realisierten Bauwerkszustände hinsichtlich Dauerhaftigkeit einschätzen zu können, ist die Erfassung der Zuverlässigkeit eines repräsentativen Bauwerksbestandes, geplant und gebaut nach der aktuellen DIN 1045, besonders wichtig.In diesem Beitrag wird über die Untersuchung von fünf Ingenieurbauwerken (Brücken) berichtet. Die Nutzungsdauer der Bauwerke zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchungen lag zwischen 10 und 15 Jahren. Ziel des Projektes ist es, Aussagen zur erreichten Material‐ und Ausführungsqualität sowie zur erreichbaren Nutzungsdauer der Bauwerke machen zu können. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden Materialprüfungen am Bauwerk und im Labor durchgeführt.
Effect of brick powders of various purities on hydration and compressive strength of Portland cement
Authors: Grosser Juliana , Schnürer Luis , Heisig Anne , Machner Alisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe availability of common supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), as slags and fly ashes, is expected to reduce in the future. Among potential new SCMs, brick powders (BPs) have gained considerable attention. To study the effect of BPs as potential SCMs three BPs of different contamination were used for the experiments. The investigations included the R3 test as well as isothermal heat flow calorimetry and compressive strength measurements up to 91 days. In all tests, fly ash (FA) and limestone powder (LS) were used as a comparison. The reactivities determined in the R3 test could be explained by examining the chemical, mineralogical and physical properties of the BPs. Based on their reactivity in the R3 test, the BPs could be classified as pozzolanic, less reactive SCMs, with BPN showing the highest reactivity among the BPs. The results of the compressive strengths and the heat flow calorimetry confirm the reactivities determined in the R3 test. Based on the obtained results, BPN shows the highest potential for application as an SCM.
Strength and capillary water absorption of SB modified CSA cement mortar cured for 360 days under different conditions
Authors: Wang Ru , Xi Ziyan , Zhang Tao , Wang Peiming 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effects of curing conditions including temperatures (0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 20°C and 40 °C), relative humidities (30%RH, 60%RH and 90%RH) and outdoor curing on the strength and capillary water absorption of styrene‐butadiene copolymer (SB) modified calcium sulphoaluminate (CSA) cement mortar cured for 360 days were studied. The results showed that when the addition of SB reached 10% and more, the flexural strength increased and the capillary water absorption decreased significantly. Appropriate temperature and relatively high humidity were conducive to the development of flexural and compressive strength. The capillary water absorption increased with increasing temperature and decreasing humidity. Compared with curing under different temperatures and relative humidities controlled by laboratory, the modified mortar cured outdoors with more than 10% SB addition had higher strength and lower capillary water absorption.
Concrete 4.0 ‐ Sustainable concrete construction with digital quality control
Authors: Haist Michael , Schack Tobias , Coenen Max , Vogel Christian , Beyer Dries , Heipke Christian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConcrete is a mass commodity with more than approx. 250 Mio. batches of concrete being produced every year in Europe alone. Despite this enormous repetition rate, both the quality inspection of the concrete raw materials as well as of the mixed concrete are still primarily batch‐based, relying on manual processes, thus hindering the application of modern process control schemes. The reasons for this lack are on the one hand to be seen in the lack of suitable sensor technologies and on the other hand in missing control algorithms. The paper at hand gives an overview on the current state of the art sensor technologies for both raw material as well as concrete properties measurement. Further, it outlines a pathway towards an online concrete process control.
Vergleichende Ökobilanzierung offenporiger Beton‐ und Asphaltdeckschichten im Straßenbau
Authors: Tappertz Lukas , Klein Nicolai , Thiedeitz Mareike , Kränkel Thomas 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungDiese Studie analysiert die Umweltauswirkungen von Offenporigen Beton‐ (OPB)‐ und Offenporigen Asphalt‐ (OPA) ‐Deckschichten im Autobahnbau in einer vergleichenden Ökobilanz. Das Ziel ist es festzustellen, ob OPB eine nachhaltige Alternative zu herkömmlichen OPA‐Deckschichten darstellen kann. Mit vergleichsweise hohen Emissionswerten in der Herstellungsphase, dafür jedoch geringeren während der Nutzung ist OPB eine Alternative zu lärmmindernden Deckschichten aus Asphalt. Der Großteil der Emissionen sowohl des OPB als auch des OPA lassen sich auf die Bindemittelherstellung zurückführen. Durch den Einsatz klinkerreduzierter Bindemittel ist es möglich die ökologischen Auswirkungen von OPB deutlich zu reduzieren. OPB kann demnach eine nachhaltigere Alternative zu OPA als Deckschichtmaterial darstellen, wenn die Entwicklung alternativer Bindemittel in der Zementindustrie weiter voranschreitet.
Eignung des RCM‐Versuchs zur Bestimmung des Chloridmigrationskoeffizienten in Mörteln aus alternativen Bindemitteln
Authors: Achenbach Rebecca , Kraft Bettina I. E. , Raupach Michael , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDie Hauptursache für die Korrosion von Bewehrungsstahl vor allem in Infrastrukturbauwerken ist das Eindringen von Chloriden, die am Stahl zu hohen Korrosionsraten und großen Querschnittsverlusten führen können. Ein häufig verwendetes beschleunigtes Testverfahren ist der Rapid Chloride Migration (RCM)‐Test, mit dem der Chlorideindringwiderstand von Betonen und Mörteln anhand eines im elektrischen Feld ermittelten Migrationskoeffizienten bewertet wird. Die neuartigen Bindemittel, die mit geringerem CO2‐Ausstoß hergestellt werden können als reiner Portlandzement (PZ), unterscheiden sich teilweise in ihren Porenlösungszusammensetzungen von PZ‐basierten Systemen. Daher besteht die aktuelle Fragestellung, ob die zur Berechnung des Migrationskoeffizienten notwendige und in den aktuellen Prüfvorschriften angegebene Chloridkonzentration, die den Farbumschlag der Indikatorlösung zur Bestimmung der Chlorideindringtiefe auslöst, für diese Bindemittel gültig ist. Zur Klärung dieser Fragestellung wurden an neun verschiedenen Mörteln aus alternativen Bindemitteln der RCM‐Versuch und weitere Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung des Chloridgehaltes in der Tiefe des Farbumschlags durchgeführt und die Auswirkungen auf die ermittelten Migrationskoeffizienten dargestellt.
Bündnis RENAT.BAU – Ressourcenmanagement für nachhaltiges Bauen
Authors: Könke Carsten , Leidolph Lars , Leydolph Barbara , Ludwig Horst‐Michael , Palzer Ulrich , Pleines Ulf , Schnell Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBauen ist heute verbunden mit einem enorm hohen Energieverbrauch, Rohstoffeinsatz und Reststoffanfall. Die Herstellung und der Transport von Baustoffen zum Einsatzort benötigen gewaltige Mengen an Energie und die Prozesse sind nach wie vor mit einer erheblichen Emission von CO2 und weiterer klima‐ und umweltschädlicher Stoffe und Substanzen verbunden. Die Bündnisregion (ca. 80‐km‐Radius um Weimar) verfügt über erhebliche Rohstoffressourcen für die Baustoffindustrie und liegt dadurch im Fokus des überregionalen Bausektors, was der nachhaltigen Nutzung der Landschaftspotenziale entgegensteht. Bauen wird nur dann nachhaltig sein können, wenn über wegweisende Innovationen der Roh‐ bzw. Baustoffeinsatz drastisch reduziert, Herstellungs‐ und Verarbeitungsprozesse deutlich effizienter gestaltet und Stoffkreisläufe konsequent geschlossen werden. Das im Rahmen von WIR! (Wandel durch Innovation in der Region) durch das BMBF finanzierte Bündnis RENAT.BAU betrachtet deshalb das Bauen konsistent über gesamte Stoffströme und vollständige Lebenszyklen und Wertschöpfungsketten hinweg.
Effect of Wood Biomass Ash on the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Compressed Earth Bricks
Authors: Chelouah Nasser , Boussaa Nadia , Kheloui Fatma 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis present study investigates the recovery of wood biomass ash (WBA) as chemical stabilize in compacted earth bricks. The specimens were tested for compressive and thermal properties in dry state. The tests were performed at 7 and 28 days of age in order to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of soil with WBA on the mechanical and thermal properties of the compressed earth bricks. The results indicate that bricks manufactured with 20% of partial substitution showed better performance than those containing only soil. Nevertheless, the use of WBA as source of lime improved the compressive strength and the thermal conductivity of the bricks stabilized with different proportions (5, 10, 15 and 20% wt) when compared with bricks fabricated with 100% soil. This improvement is owing to the pozzolanic reaction produced between the soil components and the WBA as well as the soil microstructure. It was also concluded that the combination of the soil components and lime containing in WBA in the stabilization of compressed earth bricks seems to be a promising alternative when considering issues of energy consumption and pollution.
The influence of hydroxyalkyl methylcellulose on early skin formation in cement‐based tile adhesive
Authors: Neubauer Jörg , Lebert Jenny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effect of cellulose ethers (CE) with same water retention (WR) level but different molecular weight on the early skin formation of cement adhesive mortars was studied. In drymix mortars CE provide WR higher molecular weight and dosage of CE both improve WR. In this study all CE concentrations were adjusted to provide same WR independently from molecular weight of CE. Adjusted concentrations were obtained from zero‐shear viscosities measured in aqueous CE solutions.Measurements with cement‐based mortars identified the interstitial pore solution viscosity to determine WR level. Data show comparable WR for equal interstitial pore solutions, independently from the molecular weight of the CE if its concentration was adjusted accordingly. However, for cement adhesive mortars formulated with CE having different molecular weight which all provide equal WR, early skin formation was found to vary notably. Higher dosed low molecular weight CE outperforms CE with lower dosage but high molecular weight. This effect can be explained through the formation of a CE containing layer upon evaporation of water from the water‐air interface of the mortar.
Microencapsulation – A versatile process transforming disperse fluids and solutions into perfectly spherical Microspheres and Microcapsules for controlled active agent release
Authors: Mützel Carina , Augustin Christian , Brandau Thorsten 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrospheres can be found in all areas of our daily lives, as they are essential ingredients in medicine, cosmetics, food or fertilizers. However, their application in building materials is scarce, as high requirements, such as chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, and limited efficient methods for microgranules and controllable drug delivery have impeded further applications. The patented drip‐casting process of BRACE offers an easy and efficient access to perfectly spherical and highly monodisperse Microspheres and Microcapsules (15 μm – 15000 μm) from dispersions, melts, solutions or emulsions. While Microspheres integrate an active agent into a matrix (matrix‐encapsulation), Microcapsules consist of a core and a membrane (core‐shell principle). Both encapsulation methods provide straight forward design capabilities for the materials of the future especially in the construction industry, where controlled released of active agents is an essential tool for self‐healing concrete. Within this paper, the challenges within the encapsulation of active agents for building materials including long‐term stability in harsh conditions will be discussed and adequate solutions towards active Microspheres applicable for self‐healing concrete presented.
Visible‐Light‐Responsive Polyoxometalate@Metal‐Organic Frameworks Involving Ir Metalloligands for Highly Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxide
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Yanan , Yuan Zelong , Li Luoning , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of highly efficient visible‐light‐responsive photocatalysts is fundamental to solving the problems of low efficiency and poor selectivity in photocatalytic organic synthesis reactions. We synthesized a crystalline polyoxometalate @metal‐organic framework material {Zn4(H2O)8[Ir(ppy)2(dcbpy)]4[SiW12O40]} ⋅ 4H2O (Ir−SiW) by self‐assembly of Ir metalloligands with POMs. The introduction of Ir metalloligands extends the light absorbing range to visible light, improving the efficient utilization of solar energy. The transfer of photogenerated electrons from Ir metalloligands to SiW12 was observed under visible light irradiation, which boosted the carrier separation efficiency. The synergistic effect of the two components increased the photocatalytic thioether oxidation activity, and the product methyl phenyl sulfoxide for 2.5 h under visible light irradiation (λ >400 nm) reached 99.5 %, which was higher than those of other POM‐based photocatalysts. Meanwhile, the yield of methyl phenyl sulfoxide was still higher than 97 % after three cycles, demonstrating the high stability and reusability of Ir−SiW.
Electrophilic Fluorination of Silyl Dienol Ethers: a General and Selective Access to γ‐Fluoro Enals
Authors: Li Yang , Briand Marina , Miqueu Karinne , Anselmi Elsa , Magnier Emmanuel , Dagousset Guillaume 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe describe the direct synthesis of γ‐fluoro enals from the corresponding silyl dienol ethers. This simple process operates under mild conditions and is compatible with a wide range of functionalities. The high γ regioselectivity of this protocol was rationalized by means of theoretical calculations.
Gold Microstructures by Thermolysis of Gold(III) Di‐isopropyldithiocarbamate Complexes
Authors: Angeloski A. , Flower‐Donaldson K. , Matar F. , Hayes D. C. , Duman M. N. , Oldfield D. T. , Westerhausen M. T. , McDonagh A. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElemental gold was formed by thermolysis of gold(III) dithiocarbamate single‐source precursors, which exist as two complexes. The complexes were readily synthesised from the reaction between chloroauric acid and sodium di‐isopropyldithiocarbamate and could be isolated from each other. The thermal decomposition processes were evaluated using thermogravimetry and electrical resistance measurements. The structure and purity of the resultant gold was examined using scanning electron microscopy. The resultant gold materials were drastically different and dependent on the thermolysed complex.
Recycling Graphite from Spent Lithium Batteries for Efficient Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation to Obtain Clean Water
Authors: Han Sheng‐Jie , Xu Lei , Liu Pan , Wu Jia‐Li , Labiadh Lazhar , Fu Ming‐Lai , Yuan Baoling 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover, the researchers from Huaqiao University and Jilin Jianzhu University. The Cover image shows the use of spent graphite to prepare hydrogels for photothermal evaporation to produce clean water. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202300845.
Taking advantage of opportunistically collected historical occurrence data to detect responses to climate change: The case of temperature and Iberian dung beetles
Authors: Lobo Jorge M. , Mingarro Mario , Godefroid Martin , García‐Roselló Emilio 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study introduces a novel approach to leverage high‐resolution historical climate data and opportunistically collected historical species occurrence data for detecting adaptive responses to global change. We applied this procedure to the temperature data and the most comprehensive Iberian dataset of dung beetle occurrences as an illustrative example. To understand how populations of different species are responding, we devised a procedure that compares the temporal trend of spatial and temperature variables at the locations and times of all the occurrence data collection (overall trend) with the specific temporal trends among the occurrences of each species. The prevalence of various species responses is linked to life history or taxonomic characteristics, enabling the identification of key factors influencing the propensity to experience different effects from climate change. Our findings suggest that nearly half of the Iberian dung beetle species may be adversely affected by temperature increases, with a geographic shift being the most common response. The results generated through the proposed methodology should be regarded as preliminary information, serving to formulate hypotheses about the diverse responses of species to climate change and aiding in the selection of candidate species capable of coping with challenges posed by changing temperatures.
Exploring liquid oxidants and metal‐free cathode for enhanced performance in a reusable 3D‐printed glycerol microfluidic fuel cell
Authors: Guima Katia‐Emiko , Zanata Cinthia R. , Martins Cauê A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMicrofluidic fuel cells (μFCs) offer a promising avenue for generating energy from glycerol, utilizing flow‐through electrodes to enhance reactant utilization. However, the cathodic reaction must efficiently consume the electrons harvested at the anode side to unlock its full potential. Here, we explore the feasibility of employing liquid oxidants as an alternative to O2 reduction on metal‐free carbon paper (CP) cathodes. We investigated the half‐cell reactions and the energy conversion in a new reusable 3D‐printed μFC. Half‐cell reactions predict spontaneous reactions by coupling glycerol electrooxidation in an alkaline medium with O2, Na2S2O8, and HClO from commercial bleach in an acidic medium. The μFC printed using the stereolithography apparatus technique build microchannels to place the Pt/C/CP anode and CP cathodes. The glycerol/Na2S2O8 μFC delivered a maximum of 32.4 mW cm−2, while glycerol/HClO μFC displayed 55.9 mW cm−2. This research sheds light on the potential of liquid oxidants as effective alternatives to O2 reduction, presenting a pathway toward optimizing μFCs and their practical applications in energy conversion from glycerol.
Estimating the effect of policy entrepreneurship on individual vaccination behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Taylor Kristin , DeLeo Rob A. , Albright Elizabeth , Koebele Elizabeth A. , Birkland Thomas A. , Crow Deserai A. , Zhang Manli , Shanahan Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMost studies of policy entrepreneurship seek to understand how entrepreneurs influence the behavior of policy‐makers in the agenda‐setting or decision‐making phases of the policy process. Recent scholarship has sought to understand what role entrepreneurs might play in policy implementation by focusing on their ability to influence bureaucrats' discretion and behavior. However, these studies overlook the potentially critical influence of policy entrepreneurs during the implementation of “opt‐in” policies that require voluntary compliance by individuals to be successful. Here, we consider whether and how a visible policy entrepreneur can impact opt‐in policy implementation, focusing on their credibility—or ability to gain public trust—as a potential driving factor of their influence. Using the empirical context of COVID‐19 vaccination recommendations, we identify Dr. Anthony Fauci as a highly visible policy entrepreneur and assess his influence on individual vaccine intention and uptake. Drawing on data from a novel panel survey of the American public on attitudes about the virus, risk, politics, and vaccination during the first several months of the COVID‐19 vaccine rollout in the United States, we test the relationship between respondent trust in Dr. Fauci and changes in reported intention to vaccinate and vaccination uptake across time. We find that trust in Dr. Fauci is an important predictor for influencing individuals' intention to vaccinate and actual vaccination behavior.