bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact Dodd Frank's Act on audit firm tenure
Authors: Akono Henri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of Dodd Frank's Act of 2010 (Dodd's Act) on the duration of the auditor‐client relationship. One of the provisions of Dodd's Act was to permanently exempt nonaccelerated filers from mandatory internal control audits and to maintain the internal control requirement for accelerated filers. The results indicate that average audit firm tenure has increased significantly in the post‐Dodd period, and there is a post‐Dodd increase (decrease) in long and medium (short) tenure. Furthermore, the increase is more pronounced for nonaccelerated filers on average, and varies across big4 and non‐big4 auditors. The inferences are robust to the inclusion of various controls, and to the exclusion of the financial crisis period (2008–2010). Collectively, the findings suggest that Dodd's Act permanent exemption has resulted in lower margins for auditors, and thus motivated audit firms, particularly non‐big4 auditors, to extend their tenure with clients.
Repurposing FDA‐approved drugs to target malaria through inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase in the folate biosynthesis pathway: A prospective approach
Authors: Verma Kanika , Chaturvedi Rini , Lahariya Ayush K. , Verma Anil K. , Schneider Kristan A. , Anvikar Anup R. , Bharti Praveen K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a ubiquitous enzyme that regulates the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate among various species of Plasmodium parasite. It is a validated target of the antifolate drug pyrimethamine (Pyr) in Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), but its clinical efficacy has been hampered due to the emergence of drug resistance. This has made the attempt to screen Food & Drug Administration‐approved drugs against wild‐ and mutant PfDHFR by employing an in‐silico pipeline to identify potent candidates. The current study has followed a virtual screening approach for identifying potential DHFR inhibitors from DrugBank database, based on a structure similarity search of candidates, followed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion estimation. The screened drugs were subjected to various parameters like docking, molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area solvation calculations, and molecular simulations. We have thus identified two potential drug candidates, duloxetine and guanethidine, which can be repurposed to be tested for their efficacy against wild type and drug resistant falciparum malaria.
4D Flow Cardiac MR in Primary Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Gorecka Miroslawa , Cole Charlotte , Bissell Malenka M. , Craven Thomas P. , Chew Pei G. , Dobson Laura E. , Brown Louise A.E. , Paton Maria F. , Higgins David M. , Thirunavukarasu Sharmaine , Sharrack Noor , Javed Wasim , Kotha Sindhoora , Giannoudi Marilena , Procter Henry , Parent Martine , Kidambi Ananth , Swoboda Peter P. , Plein Sven , Levelt Eylem , Garg Pankaj , Greenwood John P. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundFour‐dimensional‐flow cardiac MR (4DF‐MR) offers advantages in primary mitral regurgitation. The relationship between 4DF‐MR‐derived mitral regurgitant volume (MR‐Rvol) and the post‐operative left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling has not yet been established.PurposeTo ascertain if the 4DF‐MR‐derived MR‐Rvol correlates with the LV reverse remodeling in primary mitral regurgitation.Study TypeProspective, single‐center, two arm, interventional vs. nonintervention observational study.PopulationForty‐four patients (male N = 30; median age 68 [59–75]) with at least moderate primary mitral regurgitation; either awaiting mitral valve surgery (repair [MVr], replacement [MVR]) or undergoing “watchful waiting” (WW).Field Strength/Sequence5 T/Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence/Phase contrast imaging/Multishot echo‐planar imaging pulse sequence (five shots).AssessmentPatients underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), phase‐contrast MR (PMRI), 4DF‐MR and 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) at baseline, and a follow‐up PMRI and 6MWT at 6 months. MR‐Rvol was quantified by PMRI, 4DF‐MR, and TTE by one observer. The pre‐operative MR‐Rvol was correlated with the post‐operative decrease in the LV end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVi).Statistical TestsIncluded Student t‐test/Mann–Whitney test/Fisher's exact test, Bland–Altman plots, linear regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05.ResultsWhile Bland–Altman plots demonstrated similar bias between all the modalities, the limits of agreement were narrower between 4DF‐MR and PMRI (bias 15; limits of agreement −36 mL to 65 mL), than between 4DF‐MR and TTE (bias −8; limits of agreement −106 mL to 90 mL) and PMRI and TTE (bias −23; limits of agreement −105 mL to 59 mL). Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between the MR‐Rvol and the post‐operative decrease in the LVEDVi, when the MR‐Rvol was quantified by PMRI and 4DF‐MR, but not by TTE (P = 0.73). 4DF‐MR demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for reduction in the post‐operative LVEDVi with the largest area under the curve (4DF‐MR 0.83; vs. PMRI 0.78; and TTE 0.51; P = 0.89).Data ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of 4DF‐MR in the assessment of primary mitral regurgitation.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 5
Comparative analysis of symptom profile and risk of death associated with infection by SARS‐CoV‐2 and its variants in Hong Kong
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Wei Wan In , Mcneil Edward B. , Tang Arthur , Tang Julian W.‐T. , Wong Samuel Y. S. , Yeoh Eng Kiong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe recurrent multiwave nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) necessitates updating its symptomatology. We characterize the effect of variants on symptom presentation, identify the symptoms predictive and protective of death, and quantify the effect of vaccination on symptom development. With the COVID‐19 cases reported up to August 25, 2022 in Hong Kong, an iterative multitier text‐matching algorithm was developed to identify symptoms from free text. Multivariate regression was used to measure associations between variants, symptom development, death, and vaccination status. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator technique was used to identify a parsimonious set of symptoms jointly associated with death. Overall, 70.9% (54 450/76 762) of cases were symptomatic with 102 symptoms identified. Intrinsically, the wild‐type and delta variant caused similar symptoms among unvaccinated symptomatic cases, whereas the wild‐type and omicron BA.2 subvariant had heterogeneous patterns, with seven symptoms (fatigue, fever, chest pain, runny nose, sputum production, nausea/vomiting, and sore throat) more frequent in the BA.2 cohort. With ≥2 vaccine doses, BA.2 was more likely than delta to cause fever among symptomatic cases. Fever, blocked nose, pneumonia, and shortness of breath remained jointly predictive of death among unvaccinated symptomatic elderly in the wild‐type‐to‐omicron transition. Number of vaccine doses required for reducing occurrence varied by symptoms. We substantiate that omicron has a different clinical presentation compared to previous variants. Syndromic surveillance can be bettered with reduced reliance on symptom‐based case identification, increased weighing on symptoms predictive of death in outcome prediction, individual‐based risk assessment in care homes, and incorporating free‐text symptom reporting.
The human papillomavirus late life cycle and links to keratinocyte differentiation
Authors: Kirk Anna , Graham Sheila V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegulation of human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression is tightly linked to differentiation of the keratinocytes the virus infects. HPV late gene expression is confined to the cells in the upper layers of the epithelium where the virus capsid proteins are synthesized. As these proteins are highly immunogenic, and the upper epithelium is an immune‐privileged site, this spatial restriction aids immune evasion. Many decades of work have contributed to the current understanding of how this restriction occurs at a molecular level. This review will examine what is known about late gene expression in HPV‐infected lesions and will dissect the intricacies of late gene regulation. Future directions for novel antiviral approaches will be highlighted.
Breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus in a vaccinated blood donor: An emerging threat for transfusion safety in low‐endemic countries?
Authors: Blanco Sebastián , Castro Gonzalo M. , Sicilia Paola E. , Carrizo Luis H. , Gallego Sandra V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present the case of a breakthrough infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), intending to warn about the challenge that HBV represents for transfusion safety. Virological markers for HBV infection were assayed during a blood donor screening by detection of HBsAg, anti‐HBc, and viral nucleic acid (HBV DNA) by a nucleic acid test (NAT). Additionally, samples were analyzed for detection of immunoglobulin M anti‐HBc, HBeAg, anti‐HBe, and anti‐HBs. A first‐time donor repeatedly tested positive for HBV DNA by NAT and nonreactive for HBV‐serological markers of infection. He stated having completed the anti‐HBV vaccination schedule; thus, study of anti‐Hbs resulted in reactive at protective level (18 mIU/mL). The donor denied clinical symptoms of hepatitis and remained healthy during the follow‐up period. 95 days postdonation, NAT was negative, seroconversion of anti‐HBc ab was detected, and a significant increase in anti‐HBs concentration was measured (>1000 mIU/mL). This is the first case of HBV‐breakthrough infection reported in Argentina and to our knowledge, this potential threat to transfusion safety is novel in an HBV low‐endemic region with high coverage of HBV vaccination. The occurrence of breakthrough infections challenges the current protocols for the identification of HBV‐infected subjects, could be a source of silent HBV transmission.
Dynamic m6A profiles reveal the role of YTHDC2‐TLR2 signaling axis in Talaromyces marneffei infection
Authors: Chu Jiemei , Zheng Ruili , Chen Hubin , Chen Yaxin , Lin Yao , Li Jingyi , Wei Wudi , Chen Rongfeng , Deng Peixue , Su Jinming , Jiang Junjun , Ye Li , Liang Hao , An Sanqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTalaromyces marneffei (TM) immune evasion is an important factor leading to the high mortality rate of Penicilliosis marneffei. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays important roles in host immune response to various pathogen infections, yet its role in TM and HIV/TM coinfection remains largely unexplored. Here we reported genome‐wide transcriptional m6A profiles of TM mono‐infection and HIV/TM coinfection. Our finding revealed dynamic alterations in global m6A levels and upregulation of the m6A reader YTH N6‐methyladenosine RNA binding protein C2 (YTHDC2) in TM‐infected macrophages. Knockdown of YTHDC2 in TM‐infected cells showed an elevated expression of TLR2 through m6A‐dependence, along with upregulation of TNF‐α and IL1‐β. Overall, we characterized the m6A profiles of the host and fungus before and after TM infection, and demonstrated that YTHDC2 mediates the key m6A site of TLR2 to exert its function. These findings provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches for TM diseases.
Graphene based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor for food quality evaluation
Authors: Nitika  , Kaur Jaswinder , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood adulteration has long been considered a major problem. It compromises the quality, safety, and nutritional value of food, posing significant risks to public health. Novel techniques are required to control it.RESULTSA graphene‐based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor was tested for its ability to detect adulteration in liquid foods. Mustard oil was the pure reference sample used for product quality analysis. Olive oil and rice bran oil were adulterants added to the pure sample. It was found that the sensor could be immersed easily in the liquid sample and provided precise results.CONCLUSIONThe graphene‐based T‐shaped monopole antenna sensor can be used for the quality assessment of liquid food products and is suitable for real‐time monitoring. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Natural antioxidants (rosemary and parsley) in microwaved ground meat patties: effects of in vitro digestion
Authors: Ansorena Diana , Astiasaran Iciar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMinimizing food oxidation remains a challenge in several environments. The addition of rosemary extract (150 mg kg−1) and lyophilized parsley (7.1 g kg−1) at equivalent antioxidant activity (5550 μg Trolox equivalents kg−1) to meat patties was assessed in terms of their effect during microwave cooking and after being subjected to an in vitro digestion process.RESULTSRegardless of the use of antioxidants, cooking caused a decrease of the fat content as compared to raw samples, without noticing statistical differences in the fatty acid distribution between raw and cooked samples [44%, 47% and 6.8%, of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively]. However, the bioaccessible lipid fraction obtained after digestion was less saturated (around 34% SFA) and more unsaturated (35% MUFA +30% PUFA). Cooking caused, in all types of samples, an increased lipid [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)] and protein (carbonyls) oxidation values. The increase of TBARS during in vitro digestion was around 7 mg malondialdehyde (MDA) kg−1 for control and samples with parsley and 4.8 mg MDA kg−1 with rosemary. The addition of parsley, and particularly of rosemary, significantly increased the antioxidant activity (DPPH) of cooked and digested microwaved meat patties.CONCLUSIONWhereas rosemary was effective in minimizing protein oxidation during cooking and digestion as compared to control samples, parsley could only limit it during digestion. Lipid oxidation was only limited by rosemary during in vitro digestion. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Feasibility of using colorimetric devices for whole and ground coffee roasting degrees prediction
Authors: de Carvalho Pires Fabiana , da Silva Mutz Yhan , de Carvalho Thaís Cristina Lima , Lorenzo Natasha Dantas , Pereira Rosemary Gualberto Fonseca Alvarenga , da Rocha Roney Alves , Nunes Cleiton Antônio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee roasting is one of the crucial steps in obtaining a high‐quality product as it forms the product's color and flavor characteristics. Roast control is made by visual inspection or traditional instruments such as the Agtron spectrophotometer, which can have high implementation costs. Therefore, the present study evaluated colorimetric approaches (a bench colorimeter, smartphone digital images, and a colorimetric sensor) to predict the Agtron roasting degrees of whole and ground coffee. Two calibration approaches were assessed, that is, multiple linear regression and least‐squares support vector machine. For that, 70 samples of whole and ground roasted coffees comprising the Agtron roasting range were prepared.RESULTSThe results showed that all three colorimetric acquisition types were efficient for the model building, but the bench colorimeter and the smartphone digital images generally performed with good determination coefficients and low errors as measured by external validation. For the whole bean coffee, the best model presented a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99 and a root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) of 1.91%, while R2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.87% was obtained for ground coffee, both using the colorimeter.CONCLUSIONThe obtained models presented good prediction capability, as assessed by external validation and randomization tests. The obtained findings point to an alternative for coffee roasting monitoring that can lead to higher digitalization and local control of the process, even for smaller producers, due to its lower costs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Revealing the synergistic effect of hydration and pulsed ultrasound on the emulsifying properties of silkworm pupa protein and its stabilized emulsion
Authors: Han Lishu , Tang Chengjiang , Ma Yue , Liu Xiaoling , Jiang Yi , Jiang Hongrui , Min Douyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSilkworm (Bombyx moil L.) Pupa protein (SPP) is a high‐quality insect protein and is considered a sustainable alternative source for traditional animal food protein. However, the utilization of SPP is limited because of its low solubility and emulsifying ability. In the present study, the synergistic effect of hydration and pulsed ultrasound on the physicochemical properties of SPP and SPP‐stabilized Pickering emulsions was evaluated.RESULTSPulsed ultrasound changed the particle size of SPP and its conformation. As the pulsed ultrasound increased from 0 s to 5 s, the α‐helix and SS contents of SPP decreased, whereas the β‐sheet and SH contents increased, which in turn improved its solubility and amphiphilicity. As a result, the SPP treated by a combination of 12 h of hydration and 3 s of ultrasound exhibited a contact angle of 74.95°, hydrophobicity of 904.83, EAI of 6.66 m2 g−1 and ESI of 190.69 min. Compared with the combination of 1 h of hydration and 5 s of ultrasound, the combination of 12 h of hydration and 3 s of ultrasound exerted more soluble and hydrophobic SPP, whereas the EAI and ESI of the samples were higher. Notably, the ultrasound‐treated SPP can form a stable gel‐like emulsion (oil fraction ranging from 70% to 80%).CONCLUSIONThe combination of hydration and ultrasound can effectively improve the physicochemical characteristics of SPP as well as its emulsion stability. Sufficient hydration is a cost‐effective method for facilitating the modification of proteins by ultrasound treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Associations among posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, life satisfaction, and well‐being comparisons: A longitudinal investigation
Authors: Schlechter Pascal , Hoppen Thole H. , Morina Nexhmedin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany individuals who encounter potentially traumatic events go on to develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research suggests that survivors of traumatic events frequently compare their current well‐being to different standards; yet, knowledge regarding the role of comparative thinking in well‐being is limited to a few cross‐sectional studies. We therefore examined the temporal associations among aversive well‐being comparisons (i.e., comparisons threatening self‐motives), PTSD symptoms, and life satisfaction in individuals exposed to traumatic events. Participants (N = 518) with a trauma history completed measures of PTSD symptoms and life satisfaction, as well as the Comparison Standards Scale for Well‐being (CSS‐W), at assessment points 3 months apart. The CSS‐W assesses the frequency, perceived discrepancy, and affective impact of aversive social, temporal, counterfactual, and criteria‐based comparisons related to well‐being. All participants reported having engaged in aversive well‐being comparisons during the last 3 weeks. Comparison frequency emerged as a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms, β = .24, beyond baseline PTSD symptom severity. Life satisfaction contributed unique variance to the comparison process by predicting comparison frequency, β = −.18; discrepancy, β = −.24; and affective impact, β = .20. The findings suggest that frequent aversive comparisons may lead to a persistent focus on negative aspects of well‐being, thereby exacerbating PTSD symptoms, and further indicate that comparison frequency, discrepancy, and affective impact are significantly influenced by life satisfaction. Taken together, the findings support the need for a thorough examination of the role of comparative thinking in clinical populations, which may ultimately help improve clinical care.
Shortcomings of the dissipation rate for understanding the turbulent environment of plankton—And a potential solution
Authors: Franks Peter J. S. , Inman Bryce G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFundamental marine ecosystem dynamics such as mating, predation, and infection require individual plankton to move relative to one another. Ambient turbulence is often invoked as a mechanism to facilitate such interactions. The local intensity of turbulence is quantified as the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy. While the dissipation rate is central to understanding large‐scale fluxes of heat, salt, and nutrients in the ocean, we show that it can be a poor descriptor of the turbulent environment experienced by individual plankton. A dissipation rate is a single integrated quantity representing all the complex motions in a turbulent region; the instantaneous turbulent environment of plankton may bear little resemblance to that predicted by the dissipation rate or quantities derived from it. Most importantly, the statistics (probabilities) of the relative motions of plankton in turbulence cannot be recovered from the dissipation rate or its spectrum: the probabilities of the plankton experiencing any given turbulent relative velocity are lost in the calculation. This presents a fundamental barrier to our understanding of the effects of ambient turbulence on planktonic ecosystem dynamics in the ocean. Rather than relying on dissipation rates, we show that quantifying the probability distributions of the microscale turbulent motions can provide much richer insights into the turbulent environment of individual plankton. Expanding such statistical analyses, and improving our understanding of the Lagrangian properties of ocean turbulence as experienced by plankton in the ocean will lead to significant increases in our ability to understand and quantify the effects of turbulence on plankton.
Effects of Ferulic Acid on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karademir Yesim , Mackie Alan , Tuohy Kieran , Dye Louise 
Published: February 2024

ScopePlant (poly) phenolic compounds have been reported to decrease the risk of developing dementia and have been associated with maintenance of cognitive performance in normal ageing. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid, present in a wide variety of foods including cereals, fruits, vegetables, and coffee. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effect of FA on cognitive function in humans and animals.Methods and resultsThe search terms “Ferulic acid AND cognit*” and “Ferulic acid OR feruloyl OR ferula AND (memory OR attention OR learning OR recognition)” are used in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMED, OVID (Medline/PsycInfo), and CINAHL through October 2023. No human studies are identified that matched the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐six animal studies are identified. A small number (n = 5) of these studies examined FA in healthy animals whilst the remainder examined animal models of dementia. Alzheimer's disease (n = 11) is the most prevalent model.ConclusionOverall, results from studies employing disease models suggest that FA ameliorates induced cognitive decline in a time and dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, studies in healthy animals show a beneficial effect of FA. However, further studies are required to determine the effects of FA on human cognitive function.