bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interannual Variability in the Onset Time Distribution of the Open Water in the Kara Sea
Authors: Yang Yi , Nie Hongtao , Zhang Yongli , Luo Xiaofan , Wei Hao , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Open water in ice-covered oceans is an essential condition for shipping and resource exploitation. We investigate the interannual and spatial variations of the open water onset time in the Kara Sea (KS) and the underlying mechanisms through analyzing satellite-based observations and model simulation results. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis on the satellite sea ice concentration during 1979–2020 reveals two primary spatial distribution patterns of the open water onset time. The first mode EOF1 shows the coherent advance or delay of the open water onset time within the KS, which is consistent with the multiyear-averaged state. The second mode EOF2 exhibits a seesaw pattern between the southwest and middle regions, which represents the regional difference of the open water onset time within the KS. In 1997 with significant anomaly in EOF2, analysis of the model simulation reveals that the strong easterly wind-induced ice transport is the main reason for the earlier opening in the middle region and delayed opening in the southwestern region. When compared with the multiyear-averaged state, this dynamic process causes a noticeable redistribution of local sea ice in the early melting season (May to June), with much more ice in the southwestern region, thence influences the regional onset time of open water. A similar situation also occurred in the years 1985, 2001, and 2004, as these years presented stronger easterly wind energy accumulated over May to June, which cause earlier opening in the middle region and later opening in the southwestern region.

Significance Statement
Variability of the open water in the Arctic Ocean has a significant impact on climate and ecosystem variability and also human activities. This study focuses on understanding why the onset time of open water was asynchronous over the Kara Sea. Generally, the open water first forms in the western region of the Kara Sea under the influences of warm inflow from the Barents Sea and river runoff. However, when strong easterly winds prevail across the whole region at the beginning of the melting season, sea ice is transported from east to west, resulting in the advanced opening in the middle and delayed opening in the southwest regions. This finding points out that wind can combine with surface and lateral heat fluxes to influence the interannual variability in the distribution of the open water onset time in the Kara Sea.
Managing Ownership of Copyright in Research Publications to Increase the Public Benefits from Research
Authors: Bowrey Kathy , Cochrane Tom , Hadley Marie , McKeough Jill , Pappalardo Kylie , Weatherall Kimberlee 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProducing and disseminating knowledge is core university business and a collaborative, global activity engaging multiple stakeholders including universities, researchers, governments, Indigenous communities, commercial bodies and the public. While ownership of university inventions attracts scholarly and policy attention, effective management of copyright in research outputs is also necessary to maximise the benefits of publicly funded research, but often neglected. This article explains current dynamics in academic publishing and research ownership. It seeks to explain the complex interface of copyright law, university policies, academic customary practices, Enterprise Bargaining Agreements (EBA), research funder mandates and policies, the guidelines and policies that pertain to Indigenous research, and publishing contracts. The article concludes with proposals for copyright management to maximise opportunities for greater public benefit from Australian research.
Uncertainty-aware visually-attentive navigation using deep neural networks
Authors: Nguyen Huan , Andersen Rasmus , Boukas Evangelos , Alexis Kostas 
Published: December 2023

Autonomous navigation and information gathering in challenging environments are demanding since the robot’s sensors may be susceptible to non-negligible noise, its localization and mapping may be subject to significant uncertainty and drift, and performing collision-checking or evaluating utility functions using a map often requires high computational costs. We propose a learning-based method to efficiently tackle this problem without relying on a map of the environment or the robot’s position. Our method utilizes a Collision Prediction Network (CPN) for predicting the collision scores of a set of action sequences, and an Information gain Prediction Network (IPN) for estimating their associated information gain. Both networks assume access to a) the depth image (CPN) or the depth image and the detection mask from any visual method (IPN), b) the robot’s partial state (including its linear velocities, z-axis angular velocity, and roll/pitch angles), and c) a library of action sequences. Specifically, the CPN accounts for the estimation uncertainty of the robot’s partial state and the neural network’s epistemic uncertainty by using the Unscented Transform and an ensemble of neural networks. The outputs of the networks are combined with a goal vector to identify the next-best-action sequence. Simulation studies demonstrate the method’s robustness against noisy robot velocity estimates and depth images, alongside its advantages compared to state-of-the-art methods and baselines in (visually-attentive) navigation tasks. Lastly, multiple real-world experiments are presented, including safe flights at 2.5 m/s in a cluttered corridor, and missions inside a dense forest alongside visually-attentive navigation in industrial and university buildings.
Shape recovery behavior of polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane polymer blends
Authors: Saini Arun , Chang Young-Wook , Ahn Hyeok-Jun , Lyu Min-Young 
Published: December 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based blends were prepared by twin-screw extruder and conventional injection molding (CIM) machine at various weight ratios of PLA/TPU, that is, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. The prepared blends were investigated for their shape memory properties by performing shape deformation and recovery experiments at various temperatures and bending angles. During the deformation process, TPU acted as a toughening agent that prevented the PLA/TPU blends from distortion. Hence, the temporary shape can be kept as the internal stress was stored in the blends. On heating above the glass transition (Tg) temperature of PLA, the deformed parts recovered their original shapes quickly along with the release of the stress. The prepared blends were found to exhibit significant shape memory properties at the TPU content of 10 wt%. The recovery rate was found to reach up to approximately 95%. Such shape memory polymers found fascinating applications in aerospace engineering, engineering plastics, biomedical implant materials, and textiles.
Effectiveness of targeted intervention program under the national AIDS control program among Hijra and transgender population: Evidence from Integrated Biological and Behavioral Surveillance, 2014-15
Authors: Thakur Nishakar , Rai Sanjay , Kant Shashi , Pandey Arvind , Sahu Damodar , Misra Puneet , Haldar Partha , Jha Shreya , Kumar Pradeep , Das Chinmoyee 
Published: December 2023

Introduction The hijra and transgender (H/TG) population in India is vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. India had instituted a targeted intervention (TI) program to reduce this vulnerability. We aimed to measure the effectiveness of the TI program for H/TG. Materials and Methods The National Integrated Behavioral and Biological Survey (IBBS) was carried out in 2014-15. H/TG data from IBBS was analyzed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval. Condom use during the last sexual intercourse, and the consistent condom use in the last one month were considered as indicators of program effectiveness. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used to assess the effectiveness. Results We found that the participants who had received condoms from peer educator/outreach worker were 1.74 and 1.40 times more likely to use condoms in the last sexual intercourse (aOR: 1.74, CI: 1.35 – 2.26) and consistent condom use in the last one month (aOR: 1.40, CI: 1.12 – 1.74) respectively compared to the participants who did not receive the condom. The matched-samples estimate (i.e., average treatment effect on treated) for the condom use during the last sexual intercourse increased by 13.0%, i.e., 0.13 (CI; 0.08 - 0.18) and consistent condom use in the last one month increased by 5.0%, i.e., 0.05 (CI; 0.00 – 0.10) among those who had received condoms from the peer educator/outreach worker compared with those who had not received condom, respectively. Conclusions The TI program intervention for H/TG was effective in reducing HIV risk behavior as evidenced by increase in use of condom during last sexual intercourse, and consistent condom use in the last one month.
Ginsenoside Rk1 prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson’s disease via activating silence information regulator 3-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Ren Yi , Ye Dan , Ding Yiping , Wei Ning 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Ginsenoside Rk1, a novel ginsenoside isolated from red ginseng, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. This study was designed to elucidate the role of RK1 in an in vitro 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) cell model and an in vivo 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: The grasping test, pole-climbing test, and rotarod test were performed to measure the effects of RK1 on MPTP-induced motor disorders. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and IBA-1 were evaluated by western blotting. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were utilized to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected to analyze the effects of RK1 on oxidative stress. The levels of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results showed that RK1 allayed motor deficit elicited by MPTP in a mouse model. RK1 administration augmented tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the brain striatum and substantia nigra (SN) of MPTP-treated mice. Moreover, RK1 pretreatment promoted viability and suppressed apoptosis in MPP+-induced PC-12 cells. Further, RK1 also attenuated MPP+-stimulated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in PC-12 cells. Besides, RK1 augmented the level of SIRT3, and SIRT3 deletion counteracted RK1-induced repression on MPP+-elicited apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in PC-12 cells via modulating the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. Conclusions: RK1 might exert neuroprotective effects against MPP+/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity via activating SIRT3-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. RK1 might be a promising candidate against PD.
Development and validation of a novel poisoning agitation-sedation score for predicting the need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation in acutely poisoned patients with disturbed consciousness
Authors: Abd Elghany Soha A. , Lashin Heba I. , El-Sarnagawy Ghada N. , Oreby Merfat M. , Soliman Eman 
Published: December 2023

Background Accurate assessment of disturbed consciousness level (DCL) is crucial for predicting acutely poisoned patients’ outcomes. Aim Development of a novel Poisoning Agitation-Sedation Score (PASS) to predict the need for endotracheal intubation (ETI) and mechanical ventilation (MV) in acutely poisoned patients with DCL. Validation of the proposed score on a new set of acutely poisoned patients with DCL. Methods This study was conducted on 187 acutely poisoned patients with DCL admitted to hospital from June 2020 to November 2021 (Derivation cohort). Patients' demographics, toxicological data, neurological examination, calculation of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score, Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale (RASS), and outcomes were gathered for developing a new score. The proposed score was externally validated on 100 acutely poisoned patients with DCL (Validation cohort). Results The PASS assessing sedation consists of FOUR (reflexes and respiration) and GCS (motor) and provides a significantly excellent predictive power (AUC = 0.975) at a cutoff ≤9 with 100% sensitivity and 92.11% specificity for predicting the need for ETI and MV in sedated patients. Additionally, adding RASS (agitation) to the previous model exhibits significantly good predictive power (AUC = 0.893), 90.32% sensitivity, and 73.68% specificity at a cutoff ≤14 for predicting the need for ETI and MV in disturbed consciousness patients with agitation. Conclusion The proposed PASS could be an excellent, valid and feasible tool to predict the need for ETI and MV in acutely poisoned disturbed consciousness patients with or without agitation.
Management of Nelarabine induced neurotoxicity in a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Karthik U , Motwani J 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Nelarabine is now increasingly being used for the treatment of relapsed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, and about 18% of patients experience ≥ grade 3 toxicity. Despite the increasing use of this drug, there are no guidelines for managing its neurotoxicity. We would like to share our experience with one such case. Case Report A sixteen-year-old girl with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma received Nelarabine as part of her relapse treatment. Three weeks post-treatment, patient presented with worsening encephalopathy, bulbar palsy, and seizures. Management and outcome After a detailed evaluation, Nelarabine neurotoxicity was strongly considered and was managed with a combination of steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and aminophylline, with almost complete recovery starting at 72 hours of treatment initiation. Discussion Despite the increasing use of this drug, guidelines for the management of the neurological adverse effects of Nelarabine are lacking. The above-mentioned combination of drugs worked for our patient, but larger numbers are needed to validate this as an approved treatment regimen.
Prevalence and Correlates of Cervical Cancer Prevention Knowledge Among High School Students in Ghana
Authors: Ampofo Ama Gyamfua , Mackenzie Lisa J , Osei Asibey Shadrack , Oldmeadow Christopher , Boyes Allison W 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Cervical cancer is a preventable yet highly prevalent disease in Africa. Despite female adolescents and young women being a target group for cervical cancer prevention strategies, little research has examined their knowledge of how to prevent the disease. The study aimed to describe: (a) knowledge about cervical cancer prevention and (b) sociodemographic, social, and systemic factors associated with and interacting with knowledge among female senior high school students in Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional survey assessed knowledge about (a) risk factors and (b) primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer among 2,400 female students from 17 public senior high schools in the Ashanti region, Ghana. Descriptive statistics were used to describe knowledge. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to examine factors associated with knowledge scores. Results Knowledge gaps were observed for at least two-thirds (>65%) of students. Most students (mean age = 17) did not know that early sexual debut (before 18 years) is a risk factor for cervical cancer (72%) and that a blood test cannot detect cervical cancer (71%). Students in later stages of senior high school education and those who received sexual health education from teachers and parents had significantly greater cervical cancer knowledge scores than their counterparts. Interactive effects showed that school-based sexual health education was associated with higher knowledge scores than home-based education among students. Conclusions Most female senior high school students had gaps in knowledge about cervical cancer prevention. Finding new ways to strengthen the capacity of schools and parents to deliver accurate cervical cancer prevention information is warranted.
Improving access to advanced veterinary care for rescued cats and dogs
Authors: Hohenhaus Ann E 
Published: December 2023

Objectives The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to describe the AMC to the Rescue (AMCTTR) funding criteria and the application process; (2) to describe the distribution of species cared for through the program, the medical conditions treated in cats compared with those treated in dogs and the cost of that care; and (3) to define the successes and challenges of the program. Methods The AMCTTR database was reviewed for applications submitted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2022. Data collected included the following: the date of application; rescue organization seeking financial support; species; age of pet at time of application; expenditures funded by AMCTTR; and the method by which the rescue organization learned about AMCTTR. The animals in the AMCTTR database were sorted into two groups: those accepted for funding and those that did not meet funding criteria. The Animal Medical Center (AMC) medical record system was searched for the total number of individual animals, species and age seen at AMC during the study period. Results In total, 267 applications were reviewed and 190 applications from 134 cats, 52 dogs and four rabbits were accepted for advanced veterinary care funded by AMCTTR. Over the 3-year study period, US$612,564 were awarded and over half of those funds were awarded to cats. The average expenditure per animal during this time period was US$3224. The most common referrals to AMCTTR were made to ophthalmology, surgery and dentistry. Conclusions and relevance The needs of cats differed from dogs in that feline applications were most commonly submitted for ophthalmology or dentistry. Expenditures per cat were less than per dog because dogs were referred for more expensive orthopedic surgery. The need for advanced veterinary care for rescue animals is enormous, especially for cats. Programs that subsidize advanced veterinary care increase access to that care.
Evaluation of Depression and Anxiety in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Abd EL-Khalik Dina M , Eltohamy Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, associated comorbidities, and therapy-related side effects impair the physical, social, and emotional dimensions of the patient’s health. Presently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a broad range of psychosocial disorders in various populations. Patients with RA are especially vulnerable to such effects. Objectives: Detect the prevalence of recent COVID-19 infection among patients with RA, assess depression and anxiety in these patients and their associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and their potential relation to disease activity. Design and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 adult Egyptian patients diagnosed with RA during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of recent COVID-19 infection among the patients was evaluated. The patients underwent psychological assessment using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Ham-A) to measure levels of depression and anxiety levels. The RA disease activity was assessed using Disease Activity Score (DAS) Das-28-ESR. Results: This study encompasses a total of 120 RA patients. The prevalence of patients with a recent history of COVID-19 infection was 40.8%. Both groups exhibited significantly elevated mean scores on the Das-28-ESR scale and also scored higher on measures of depression and anxiety. Interestingly, the COVID-19 group exhibited a higher percentage of unmarried individuals, had educational attainment below the university level, and were unemployed. Patients with recent COVID-19 had significantly lower numbers of children, higher disease duration, higher Das-28-ESR scores, and elevated depression and anxiety scores. The statistical analysis revealed that the COVID-19 infection and disease duration were significant predictors of depression and anxiety. The results also exhibited that the depression score was positively correlated with age and DAS scores. Conclusions: It was observed that patients diagnosed with RA revealed a higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection. The occurrence of depression and anxiety was observed to be widespread among patients diagnosed with RA and, more significantly, prevalent in RA patients who had a recent COVID-19 and had a higher level of disease activity. The occurrence of COVID-19 and disease duration were identified as factors that can anticipate the development of depression and anxiety.
Exploring Food Allergy Management and Food-Related Social Occupations in Elementary School-Aged Children
Authors: Mason Ashley Elizabeth , Benson Lindsey , Hale Victoria , Oslund Meagan , Robinson Ashlyn 
Published: December 2023

Rationale: Elementary school-aged children with food allergies face barriers to navigating safe food practices in concert with socializing while eating. Little research examines children’s role in managing their health (i.e., a food allergy). Objectives: This qualitative descriptive study explores the experiences of preadolescent children with food allergies relating to food allergy management and socialization in various foodscapes in the United States. Method: Data gathering strategies included interviews, diaries, and photo elicitation. The analysis involved coding, discussion, and thematic development. Findings: Participants shared food allergy management with caregivers depending on the environment. They learned to educate others, respond to emergencies, and prepare daily relating to food allergies. They faced conflict with managing food allergies with peers but overall perceived food allergy management as a low burden. Conclusion: When provided with positive social and environmental supports, school-aged children with food allergies can learn to safely manage social food environments without direct parental involvement.