bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary study of the effect of low-intensity focused ultrasound on postpartum uterine involution and breast pain in puerperal women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Yue Jun , Meng Jian , Gao Jing , Yang Lei , Niu Xiaoyu , Wang Zhijian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) therapy in facilitating fundus descent and relieving postpartum breast pain compared with sham treatment. A multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled, blinded trial was conducted. A cohort of 176 eligible participants, who had normal prenatal check-ups and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were recruited from three medical centres and subsequently randomized into either the LIFU or sham group. All participants received three treatment sessions, wherein LIFU signal was applied to the uterus and breast sites using coupling gel, with the absence of ultrasound signal output in the sham group. Fundal height measurement and breast pain score were performed after each treatment. The primary outcome, uterine involution, was presented by measuring the fundal height of the uterus. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, as a secondary outcome, was used to assess breast pain and determine the correlation between breast pain and fundal height as the outcome simultaneously. All participants were randomly assigned to either the LIFU group (n = 88) or sham group (n = 88), with seven individuals not completing the treatment. Overall, a statistically significant difference was noted in the rate and index of fundus descent after each treatment. The rate and index of fundus descent showed greater significance following the second treatment (rate: 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) cm/d; index: 0.15 (0.1, 0.18), P < 0.001) and third treatment (rate: 1.67 (1.33, 2.0) cm/d; index: 0.26 (0.23, 0.3), P < 0.001) in the LIFU group. VAS scores, which were based on the continuous variables for the baseline, first, second, and third treatments in the LIFU group (2.0 (2.0, 3.0), 1.0 (0.0, 2.0), 0.0 (0.0, 1.0), and 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) points, respectively), and the sham group (2.0 (2.0, 2.0), 2.0 (1.0, 2.0), 2.0 (1.0, 3.0), and 3.0 (1.0, 3.0) points, respectively), showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Meanwhile, the discrepancies in VAS score classification variables between the two groups were statistically significant. After the third treatment, a notable correlation was observed between the VAS score decrease and fundus descent rate; the more the VAS score decreased, the faster was the fundal decline rate in the LIFU group. LIFU therapy is safe and effective, contributing to the acceleration of uterine involution and the relief of postpartum breast pain.Trial ID The study has registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100049586) at 05/08/2021.
Evaluating the impacts of a large-scale voluntary REDD+ project in Sierra Leone
Authors: Malan Mandy , Carmenta Rachel , Gsottbauer Elisabeth , Hofman Paul , Kontoleon Andreas , Swinfield Tom , Voors Maarten 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbon offsets from the REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation) framework to protect forests are expected to see a 100-fold increase in market value by 2050. However, independent causal impact evaluations are scarce and only a few studies assess benefits to communities themselves, a core objective of REDD+. Following a pre-analysis plan, we use a before-after-control-intervention (BACI) framework to evaluate the impact of a large-scale voluntary REDD+ project in Sierra Leone—the Gola project. We use a panel of both satellite images and household surveys to provide causal evidence of the impact of the project on local deforestation rates and socioeconomic indicators over the first 5 yr of its implementation. We find that REDD+ slowed deforestation by 30% relative to control communities while not changing economic wellbeing and conservation attitudes. We find suggestive evidence that the programme increased the value of alternative income sources, by shifting labour away from forest-dependent farming activities. A cost-to-carbon calculation shows that REDD+ led to 340,000 tCO2 in avoided emissions per year, with an estimated cost of US$1.12 per averted tCO2. Our study contributes to developing an evidence base for voluntary REDD+ projects and offers a robust approach to carry out BACI assessments.
ATF3 coordinates the survival and proliferation of cardiac macrophages and protects against ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Shao Yihui , Li Yang , Liu Yan , Zhu Shuolin , Wu Jianing , Ma Ke , Li Guoqi , Huang Shan , Wen Haichu , Zhang Congcong , Ma Xin-liang , Li Ping , Du Jie , Li Yulin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCardiac resident MerTK+ macrophages exert multiple protective roles after ischemic injury; however, the mechanisms regulating their fate are not fully understood. In the present study, we show that the GAS6-inducible transcription factor, activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), prevents apoptosis of MerTK+ macrophages after ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury by repressing the transcription of multiple genes involved in type I interferon expression (Ifih1 and Ifnb1) and apoptosis (Apaf1). Mice lacking ATF3 in cardiac macrophages or myeloid cells showed excessive loss of MerTK+ cardiac macrophages, poor angiogenesis and worse heart dysfunction after IR, which were rescued by the transfer of MerTK+ cardiac macrophages. GAS6 administration improved cardiac repair in an ATF3-dependent manner. Finally, we showed a negative association of GAS6 and ATF3 expression with the risk of major adverse cardiac events in patients with ischemic heart disease. These results indicate that the GAS6–ATF3 axis has a protective role against IR injury by regulating MerTK+ cardiac macrophage survival and/or proliferation.
Irradiation induced mineral changes of NWA10580 meteorite determined by infrared analysis
Authors: Gyollai I. , Biri S. , Juhász Z. , Király Cs. , Pál B. D. , Rácz R. , Rezes D. , Sulik B. , Szabó M. , Szalai Z. , Szávai P. , Szklenár T. , Kereszturi Á. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Identifying minerals on asteroid surfaces is difficult as space weathering modifies the minerals’ infrared spectra. This should be better understood for proper interpretation.
Aims. We simulated the space weathering effects on a meteorite and recorded the alterations of the crystalline structure, such as the change in peak positions and full width at half maximum values.
Methods. We used proton irradiation to simulate the effects of solar wind on a sample of NWA 10580 CO3 chondrite meteorites. After irradiation in three gradually increased steps with 1 keV ion energy, we used infrared microscopic reflectance and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to identify and understand the consequences of irradiation.
Results. We find negative peak shifts after the first and second irradiations at pyroxene and feldspar minerals, similarly to the literature, and this shift was attributed to Mg loss. However, after the third irradiation a positive change in values in wavenumber emerged for silicates, which could come from the distortion of SiO4 tetrahedra, resembling shock deformation. The full width at half maximum values of major bands show a positive (increasing) trend after irradiations in the case of feldspars, using IR reflection measurements. Comparing DRIFTS and reflection infrared data, the peak positions of major mineral bands were at similar wavenumbers, but differences can be observed in minor bands.
Conclusions. We measured the spectral changes of meteorite minerals after high doses of proton irradiation for several minerals. We show the first of these measurements for feldspars; previous works only presented pyroxene, olivine, and phyllosilicates.
Galactic archaeology with [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] abundance ratios
Authors: Vasini A. , Spitoni E. , Matteucci F. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The diagram depicting the abundance ratios [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] has gained significant attention in recent literature as a valuable tool for exploring fundamental aspects of the evolution of the Milky Way (MW) and the nearby dwarf galaxies. In particular, this combination of elements is supposed to be highly sensitive to the history of star formation, unveiled by the imprints left on those abundances. Unfortunately, a complete discussion on the uncertainties associated with these nuclei is still missing, making it difficult to know how reliable the associated results are.
Aims. In this work, we aim to analyse, by means of detailed chemical evolution models, the uncertainties related to the nucleosynthesis of Mg, Al, Mn, and Fe to show how different yield prescriptions can substantially affect the trends in the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] plane. In fact, if different nucleosynthesis assumptions produce conflicting results, then the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] diagram does not represent a strong diagnostic for the star formation history (SFH) of a galaxy.
Methods. We discuss the results on the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] diagram, as predicted by several MW and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) chemical evolution models adopting different nucleosynthesis prescriptions.
Results. The results show that the literature nucleosynthesis prescriptions require some corrective factors to reproduce the APOGEE DR17 abundances of Mg, Al, and Mn in the MW and that the same factors can also improve the results for the LMC. In particular, we show that by modifying the massive star yields of Mg and Al, the behaviour of the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] plot changes substantially.
Conclusions. In conclusion, by changing the chemical yields within their error bars, one obtains trends that differ significantly, making it very difficult to draw any reliable conclusion on the SFH of galaxies. The proposed diagram is therefore very uncertain from a theoretical point of view, and it could represent a good diagnostic for star formation, only if the uncertainties on the nucleosynthesis of the above-mentioned elements (Mg, Mn, Al, and Fe) could be reduced by future stellar calculations.
Streaming instability in neutron star magnetospheres: No indication of soliton-like waves
Authors: Benáček Jan , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg , Jessner Axel 
Published: January 2024

Context. Coherent radiation of pulsars, magnetars, and fast radio bursts could, in theory, be interpreted as radiation from solitons and soliton-like waves. Solitons are meant to contain a large number of electric charges confined on long timescales and can radiate strongly via coherent curvature emission. However, solitons are also known to undergo a wave collapse, which casts doubts on the correctness of the soliton radio emission models of neutron stars.
Aims. We investigated the evolution of the caviton type of solitons self-consistently formed by the relativistic streaming instability and compared their apparent stability in 1D calculations with more generic 2D cases, in which the solitons are seen to collapse. Three representative cases of beam Lorentz factors and plasma temperatures were studied to obtain soliton dispersion properties.
Methods. We utilized 1D electrostatic and 2D electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell simulations at kinetic microscales.
Results. We find that no solitons are generated by the streaming instability in the 2D simulations. Only superluminal L-mode (relativistic Langmuir) waves are produced during the saturation of the instability, but these waves have smaller amplitudes than the waves in the 1D simulations. The amplitudes tend to decrease after the instability has saturated, and only waves close to the light line, ω = ck, remain. Solitons in the 1D approach are stable for γb ≳ 60, but they disappear for low beam Lorentz factors, γb < 6.
Conclusions. Our examples show that the superluminal soliton branch that is formed in 1D simulations will not be generated by the relativistic streaming instability when more dimensional degrees of freedom are present. The soliton model cannot, therefore, be used to explain the coherent radiation of pulsars, magnetars, and fast radio bursts – unless one can show that there are alternative plasma mechanisms for the soliton generation.
ViCTORIA project: The LOFAR view of environmental effects in Virgo cluster star-forming galaxies
Authors: Edler H. W. , Roberts I. D. , Boselli A. , de Gasperin F. , Heesen V. , Brüggen M. , Ignesti A. , Gajović L. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Environmental effects such as ram pressure stripping (RPS) shape the evolution of galaxies in dense regions.
Aims. We used the nearby Virgo cluster as a laboratory to study the environmental effects on the nonthermal components of star-forming galaxies.
Methods. We constructed a sample of 17 RPS galaxies in the Virgo cluster and a statistical control sample of 119 nearby galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey. All objects in these samples were detected in LOFAR 144 MHz observations and come with Hα and/or far-UV star formation rate (SFR) estimates.
Results. We derived the radio–SFR relations, confirming a clearly super-linear slope of ≈1.4. We found that Virgo cluster RPS galaxies have radio luminosities that are a factor of 2−3 larger than galaxies in our control sample. We also investigated the total mass-spectral index relation, where we found a relation for the Virgo cluster RPS galaxies that is shifted to steeper spectral index values by 0.17 ± 0.06. Analyzing the spatially resolved ratio between the observed and the expected radio emission based on the hybrid near-UV + 100 μm SFR surface density, we generally observed excess radio emission all across the disk with the exception of a few leading-edge radio-deficient regions.
Conclusions. The radio excess and the spectral steepening for the RPS sample could be explained by an increased magnetic field strength if the disk-wide radio enhancement is due to projection effects. For the galaxies that show the strongest radio excesses (NGC 4330, NGC 4396 and NGC 4522), a rapid decline in the SFR (tquench ≤ 100 Myr) could be an alternative explanation. We disfavor shock acceleration of electrons as a cause for the radio excess since it cannot easily explain the spectral steepening and radio morphology.
Stability of solid-state formamide under Lyα irradiation
Authors: Suhasaria T. , Henning Th. , Mennella V. 
Published: January 2024

Context. Formamide (NH2CHO) plays a pivotal role as a crucial precursor to various prebiotic molecules, including sugars and nucleobases. To gain a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involving formamide formation in astrophysical settings, it becomes imperative to refine our comprehension through astrochemical models. These models necessitate not only the inclusion of pathways for formamide formation across diverse environments, but also the elucidation of mechanisms that lead to its degradation.
Aims. The primary objective of this study is to scrutinize the influence of the underlying amorphous silicate substrate and the phase of formamide ice on the kinetics of its destruction and the resulting products upon exposure to Lyα (121.6 nm) radiation at 16 K.
Methods. To achieve this, we conducted an examination of the photodestruction of NH2CHO ice, employing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Results. Our findings reveal that, while the destruction rates of amorphous formamide ice remain consistent, regardless of the presence of an underlying amorphous olivine substrate, this substrate effectively reduces the formation of NH3, HNCO, and HCN within the ice following UV irradiation. On the other hand, contrary to common knowledge, crystalline formamide ice exhibits a considerably faster destruction rate, by an order of magnitude, than its amorphous counterpart under photo processing.
Conclusions. In the interstellar medium, molecular ices often undergo phase changes depending on the environmental conditions. Our results indicate that crystalline formamide ice is more susceptible to rapid destruction than its amorphous counterpart, rendering it more elusive for detection within the lifetime of dense interstellar clouds. Furthermore, our findings emphasise the crucial significance of accounting for the influence of underlying dust grain surfaces in astrochemical models, as they have an effect on product formation during the degradation of molecular ices.
Milliarcsecond-scale radio structure of the most distant BL Lac object candidate at redshift 6.57
Authors: Frey S. , Zhang Y. , Perger K. , An T. , Gabányi K. É. , Gurvits L. I. , Hwang C.-Y. , Koptelova E. , Paragi Z. , Fogasy J. 
Published: January 2024

Context. The existence of accreting supermassive black holes of up to billions of solar masses at early cosmological epochs (in the context of this work, redshifts z ≳ 6) requires very fast growth rates that are challenging to explain. The presence of a relativistic jet can be a direct indication of activity and accretion status in active galactic nuclei (AGN), constraining the radiative properties of these extreme objects. However, known jetted AGN beyond z ∼ 6 are still very rare.
Aims. The radio-emitting AGN J2331+1129 has recently been claimed as a candidate BL Lac object at redshift z = 6.57 based on its synchrotron-dominated emission spectrum and a lack of ultraviolet or optical emission lines. It is a promising candidate for the highest-redshift blazar known to date. The aim of the observations described here is to support or refute the blazar classification of this peculiar source.
Methods. We performed high-resolution radio interferometric imaging observations of J2331+1129 using the Very Long Baseline Array at 1.6 and 4.9 GHz in February 2022.
Results. The images reveal a compact but slightly resolved, flat-spectrum core feature at both frequencies, indicating that the total radio emission is produced by a compact jet and originates from within a central region of ∼10 pc in diameter. While these details are consistent with the radio properties of a BL Lac object, the inferred brightness temperatures are at least an order of magnitude lower than expected for a Doppler-boosted radio jet, which casts doubt on the high-redshift BL Lac identification.
Thermally Stable Monoruthenium Acetylide Radical Species
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka , Yashiro Atsushi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractControl of radical reactivity is regarded as an important concern in the fields of catalysis and materials sciences. Radical species generated from monoruthenium acetylide complexes are, in general, highly reactive, and therefore structural characterization of these species has remained elusive. In this paper, a spectroscopic and structural characterization of the cationic radical species of a monoruthenium diacetylide bearing a Ru tetraphosphine fragment, [trans-(Ar–SC≡C)2Ru(dppe)2]SbCl6 ([1]+SbCl6) [Ar: p-t-BuC6H4; dppe: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane], is presented. The formation of the radical species [1]+ is supported by the vis-NIR, IR, and ESR studies. Furthermore, the solid-state structure of [1]+ reveals a significant contribution of the cumulenic Ru=C=C=S resonance structure. Remarkably, the thermal stability of [1]+ results from the incorporation of the electron-donating (arylsulfanyl)ethynyl ligands and the highly sterically demanding dppe ligands as compared with a monoruthenium complex with less-bulky and less-electron-rich derivatives.
Reducing carbon emissions through green renewal: insights from residential energy consumption in Chinese urban inventory districts from an evidence-based decision-making perspective
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Zhang Ze 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe green regeneration of urban inventory is now much more viewed as a strategy to create “green finance”, in contrast to the urban renewal movement that was started in the 1950s and focused on the physical renovation of the built environment. This study draws on evidence-based theory to examine the spatial forms of residential communities in 36 urban districts of China. From a morphological perspective, it summarizes the spatial forms of residential environments at the level of buildings and microdistricts. The results indicate that in urban areas, the aspect ratio and shape coefficient of residential buildings have a significant impact on household energy consumption, and an appropriate increase in building density will help reduce carbon emissions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of carbon reduction as a kind of “green finance” and provides a reference for subsequent urban renewal decisions in combination with China’s actual cases.
Digital competence in adolescents and young adults: a critical analysis of concomitant variables, methodologies and intervention strategies
Authors: Kreuder Annika , Frick Ulrich , Rakoczy Katrin , Schlittmeier Sabine J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDigital competence (DC) has received increased attention in society, politics and research in recent years. A particular emphasis has been placed on the importance of empowering adolescents and young adults to become digitally competent and sovereign adults, and that this should be achieved, for example, with the help of educational learning approaches. To provide an overview of research trends in this field, we conducted a scoping review and critical analysis of relevant literature on 15–25-year-olds’ DC, determining factors and consequences under research, methodological preferences and evaluated intervention strategies. Both descriptive techniques and quantitative classification methods (latent class and latent profile analyses) were used in summarising the state of the art. After screening 3605 scientific articles, two samples were further investigated: 230 articles on young people’s overall DC and a subsample thereof covering 20 articles on intervention studies. There were four major findings: (1) Contrary to wide-spread expectations, the number of relevant publications on adolescents’ DC displayed a flatter increase than the total growth of articles in the field. (2) A latent class analysis over concomitant variables revealed three subgroups of articles addressing study-specific, educational or so-called digital divide variables. Notably, little attention could be observed with respect to developmental aspects, including psychosocial variables, despite their critical importance for this age cohort. (3) A second classification of articles’ research designs and methodological foci yielded three latent profiles: university students’ DC level, secondary research on secondary students and DC as a predictor in university contexts. (4) Though most articles emphasised the importance of empowering young people in a digital world, only a few scientifically examined intervention concepts could be found, and these were extremely heterogeneous. We conclude that research on young people’s DC, especially that related to fostering their digital abilities, should be intensified.