bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inzidenz des plötzlichen Epilepsietodes (SUDEP): Update und Limitationen
Authors: Wartmann Hannes , Effenberger Timo , Klähn Hendrik , Volmer Timm , Surges Rainer 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der plötzliche, unerwartete Tod bei Epilepsie (SUDEP) ist in den meisten Fällen wahrscheinlich eine fatale Komplikation tonisch-klonischer Anfälle und trägt maßgeblich zur vorzeitigen Sterblichkeit von Menschen mit Epilepsie bei. Die Angaben zum SUDEP-Risiko schwanken erheblich je nach Studienpopulation, sodass systematische Zusammenfassungen unter Einbeziehung aktueller Studien zur belastbaren Schätzung und Verbesserung der Beratung von Menschen mit Epilepsie erforderlich sind.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über die gegenwärtige Forschungslage hinsichtlich der SUDEP-Inzidenz in unterschiedlichen Patientenpopulationen zu geben und potenzielle Schlussfolgerungen sowie bestehende Limitationen zu diskutieren.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur Inzidenz des SUDEP in MEDLINE und EMBASE mit ergänzender Handsuche im Juni 2023 durchgeführt. Von insgesamt 3324 Publikationen wurden 50 für diese Arbeit ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die analysierten Studien zeigen eine signifikante Heterogenität in Bezug auf Kohorten, Studiendesign und Datenquellen. Untersuchungen, die ohne spezifische Kriterien durchgeführt wurden und sich auf umfangreiche Register stützten, weisen eine Inzidenz von 0,78 bis 1,2 pro 1000 Patientenjahre auf. Studien, welche die Inzidenz für mehrere Altersgruppen angeben, weisen mehrheitlich eine Erhöhung der Inzidenz mit zunehmendem Alter auf; mit dem Höhepunkt im mittleren Alter.

Diskussion
Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Methoden der Datenerhebung und Inzidenzberechnung gestaltet sich ein Vergleich zwischen den Studien als herausfordernd. Die Verbindung zwischen Lebensalter könnte möglicherweise auf eine Unterrepräsentation von Kindern, Jugendlichen und Patienten über 60 Jahre zurückzuführen sein.

Schlussfolgerung
Betrachtet man alle Altersgruppen und Epilepsieformen, ergibt sich, dass jährlich etwa 1 von 1000 Menschen mit Epilepsie an SUDEP verstirbt. Bei einer angenommenen Epilepsieprävalenz von 0,6 % in Deutschland könnte dies zu mehr als einem SUDEP-Fall täglich führen. Um zu weiteren Erkenntnissen zu gelangen, ist eine Standardisierung der Untersuchungsmethoden essenziell.
The associations between management control systems, organisational capabilities and performance
Authors: Phan Thanh , Baird Kevin , Bhuyan Mohammed , Tung Amy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study examines the associations between Simons’ (Levers of control: how managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press, Brighton, 1995) positive systems (belief systems and interactive control systems) and two organisational capabilities (organisational resilience and workplace flexibility), and the subsequent impact of these capabilities on organisational performance. Based upon the survey responses received from the managers of 337 Australian organisations, we found that the use of both belief systems and interactive control systems are positively associated with the level of organisational resilience and workplace flexibility, which in turn, exhibit a significant positive effect on organisational performance. In addition, the two organisational capabilities are found to mediate the associations between the positive systems and organisational performance. The findings suggest that organisations should place greater emphasis on the use of positive systems and endeavour to develop and enhance organisational resilience and workplace flexibility to facilitate organisational performance.
Loewner Theory for Bernstein Functions I: Evolution Families and Differential Equations
Authors: Gumenyuk Pavel , Hasebe Takahiro , Pérez José-Luis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOne-parameter semigroups of holomorphic functions appear naturally in various applications of Complex Analysis, and in particular, in the theory of (temporally) homogeneous branching processes. A suitable analogue of one-parameter semigroups in the inhomogeneous setting is the notion of a (reverse) evolution family. In this paper we study evolution families formed by Bernstein functions, which play the role of Laplace exponents for inhomogeneous continuous-state branching processes. In particular, we characterize all Herglotz vector fields that generate such evolution families and give a complex-analytic proof of a qualitative description equivalent to Silverstein’s representation formula for the infinitesimal generators of one-parameter semigroups of Bernstein functions. We also establish a sufficient condition for families of Bernstein functions, satisfying the algebraic part in the definition of an evolution family, to be absolutely continuous and hence to be described as solutions to the generalized Loewner–Kufarev differential equation. Most of these results are then applied in the sequel paper [35] to study continuous-state branching processes.
Turbulence in the Strongly Heterogeneous Near-Surface Boundary Layer over Patchy Snow
Authors: Haugeneder Michael , Lehning Michael , Stiperski Ivana , Reynolds Dylan , Mott Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe near-surface boundary layer above patchy snow cover in mountainous terrain is characterized by a highly complex interplay of various flows on multiple scales. In this study, we present data from a comprehensive field campaign that cover a period of 21 days of the ablation season in an alpine valley, from continuous snow cover until complete melt out. We recorded near-surface eddy covariance data at different heights and investigated spectral decompositions. The topographic setting led to the categorisation of flows into up and down valley flows, with a down valley Föhn event in the middle of the observation period. Our findings reveal that the snow cover fraction is a major driver for the structure and dynamics of the atmospheric layer adjacent to the snow surface. With bare ground emerging, stable internal boundary layers (SIBL) developed over the snow. As the snow coverage decreased, the depth of the SIBL decreased below 1 m and spectra of air temperature variance showed a transition towards turbulent time scales, which were caused by the intermittent advection of shallow plumes of warm air over the snow surface. The intermittent advection could also be observed visually with high spatio-temporal resolution measurements using a thermal infrared camera. While the shallow advection only affected the lowest measurement level at 0.3 m, the measurements above at 1 m, 2 m, and 3 m indicate that the distribution of eddy size and, thus, the turbulence structure, did not distinctly change with height.
Deficiency of copper responsive gene stmn4 induces retinal developmental defects
Authors: Jing YuanYuan , Luo Yi , Li LingYa , Liu Mugen , Liu Jing-Xia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs part of the central nervous system (CNS), the retina senses light and also conducts and processes visual impulses. The damaged development of the retina not only causes visual damage, but also leads to epilepsy, dementia and other brain diseases. Recently, we have reported that copper (Cu) overload induces retinal developmental defects and down-regulates microtubule (MT) genes during zebrafish embryogenesis, but whether the down-regulation of microtubule genes mediates Cu stress induced retinal developmental defects is still unknown. In this study, we found that microtubule gene stmn4 exhibited obviously reduced expression in the retina of Cu overload embryos. Furthermore, stmn4 deficiency (stmn4−/−) resulted in retinal defects similar to those seen in Cu overload embryos, while overexpression of stmn4 effectively rescued retinal defects and cell apoptosis occurred in the Cu overload embryos and larvae. Meanwhile, stmn4 deficient embryos and larvae exhibited reduced mature retinal cells, the down-regulated expression of microtubules and cell cycle-related genes, and the mitotic cell cycle arrests of the retinal cells, which subsequently tended to apoptosis independent on p53. The results of this study demonstrate that Cu stress might lead to retinal developmental defects via down-regulating expression of microtubule gene stmn4, and stmn4 deficiency leads to impaired cell cycle and the accumulation of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and their subsequent apoptosis. The study provides a certain referee for copper overload in regulating the retinal development in fish.
Graphical Abstract
Bad Feelings, Best Explanations: In Defence of the Propitiousness Theory of the Low Mood System
Authors: Turner James 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere are three main accounts of the proper function of the low mood system (LMS): the social risk theory, the disease theory, and the propitiousness theory. Adjudicating between these accounts has proven difficult, as there is little agreement in the literature about what a theory of the LMS’s proper function is supposed to explain. In this article, drawing upon influential work on the evolution ofotheraffective systems, such as the disgust system and the fear system, I argue that a theory of the proper function of the low mood system should: (i) account for the reliable, distal causes and effects of the system’s activation, and (ii) explain how having a system that performed such a function increased fitness in ancestral environments. On this basis, I show that the proper function of the low mood system is to limit resource expenditure in relatively unpropitious circumstances, exactly as hypothesised by the propitiousness theory.
On the Nature (and Irrationality) of Non-religious Faith
Authors: Gaultier M. Benoit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMy main aim in this paper is to contribute to the elucidation of the nature of non-religious faith. I start by summarising several well-known arguments that belief is neither necessary nor sufficient for faith. I then try to identify the nature of the positive cognitive attitude towards p that is involved in having faith that p. After dismissing some candidates for the role, I explore the idea that faith and hope are similar attitudes. On this basis, I then advance a new characterisation of faith. Finally, I turn to the question of the rationality of faith. I argue that faith is intrinsically irrational because it is an intrinsically incoherent propositional attitude, but that there is nonetheless a sense in which faith is neither intrinsically epistemically irrational nor intrinsically practically irrational.
Whose Cultural Ecosystem Service Values Matter? Exploring Power Inequities in Diverse Mangrove Communities
Authors: Scott Cinda P. , Mach Leon , Lucas Katherine M. , Myers Anna E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCultural Ecosystem Services (CES) are often contextualized as intrinsically derived or as providing important non-monetary benefits, which many argue are discounted, improperly categorized, disregarded, or inadequately converted into direct monetary values. Assessing and communicating CES benefits with nuance is even more difficult when considering different cultural values held within a community. Drawing on frameworks that center culture, equity, and power, we conducted a CES evaluation of mangrove ecosystems in Bocas del Toro (BDT), Panamá via semi-structured interviews with individuals from culturally diverse groups. Our study is one of the first to examine mangrove CES from the perspective of different stakeholder groups while also including dimensions of equity and power to better understand how they are understood and accessed differently by diverse users who interact with these ecosystems. Our results show that mental health benefits are multi-dimensional, experienced differently across stakeholder groups, and should be considered a dominant CES that deserves more dedicated attention. Findings also suggest that the loss of CES benefits in the context of ecosystem loss represents an important form of ecological grief. Finally, our findings support the ongoing calls for inclusion of local and Indigenous voices when designing, developing, and steering CES-based research to more adequately identify the needs of individual communities but also for our collective survival.
Engaging Families in Supporting the Whole Child: Chicago West Side Parents’ Perceptions of Child Health
Authors: Jarpe-Ratner Elizabeth , Offstein Maddie , Williams Angel , Odoms-Young Angela , Chriqui Jamie F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSchools and districts nationwide have heavily emphasized supporting students’ health and wellbeing by engaging families and caregivers to truly support the “whole child,” as outlined in the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model. The COVID-19 pandemic only heightened the important role of school and family partnerships in supporting children’s health. The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) Healthy CPS initiative is designed to support schools in their compliance with existing health and wellness policies to support child health. This study aimed to explore parents’ primary health concerns for their children, characterize these views, explore any alignment with WSCC, and identify recommendations for family engagement in school health promotion. Eleven semi-structured focus groups (seven English, four Spanish) were conducted with CPS parents/caregivers. Groups were conducted in spring 2021 on Chicago’s West Side, one of the more historically disinvested communities in the city. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using constant comparison, incorporating both inductive and deductive approaches. Key themes emerged related to parents’ perceptions of schools’ role in promoting health including: (1) parents see child health as a shared responsibility between families and schools; and (2) parents identify significant structural barriers and inequities that impede child health, such as racism, community violence, and a lack of community resources in their neighborhoods, and believe schools can do more to address them. Parents’ viewed child health and wellbeing as multidimensional and stated that these dimensions must be considered holistically. Their views aligned with WSCC family engagement-related components. Parents recommended that schools employ a variety of strategies to engage families. Findings from this paper have implications for engaging families in school health policy and program development as well as implementation, particularly those in lower income, urban communities that have faced a history of structural inequities.
Should dualists locate the physical basis of experience in the head?
Authors: Saad Bradford 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDualism holds that experiences are non-physical states that exist alongside physical states. Dualism leads to the postulation of psychophysical laws that generate experiences by operating on certain sorts of physical states. What sorts of physical states? To the limited extent that dualists have addressed this question, they have tended to favor a brain-based approach that locates the physical basis of experience in the head. In contrast, this paper develops an argument for a form of dualism on which experience has a physical basis that reaches out into the world. Specifically, the argument uses a puzzle about spatial experience to support a theory I calltracking dualism. On tracking dualism, a psychophysical law generates experiences by operating on complex physical states that involve both brain states and tracking relations that they bear to features of the environment. To develop the argument, I discuss tracking dualism alongside its more familiar physicalist counterpart, the tracking intentionalist theory associated with Dretske, Lycan, and Tye. I conclude by outlining a tracking dualist research agenda.
Earning epistemic trustworthiness: an impact assessment model
Authors: Rolin Kristina H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEpistemic trustworthiness depends not only on one’s epistemic but also on moral qualities. Such qualities need to be upheld by scientific communities and institutions as well as by individual scientific experts. While non-experts can often take scientific experts’ epistemic trustworthiness for granted, in some cases they cannot rationally treat it as the default, and they need to be convinced of the experts’ commitment to the well-being of others. This study contributes to philosophical discussions on public trust in science by introducing an impact assessment model. The model helps philosophers understand how scientific experts can build and maintain epistemic trustworthiness in relation to those social groups who have reasons to distrust scientists.
Development and Content Validation of the 10-item Well-being Instrument (WiX) for use in Economic Evaluation Studies
Authors: Voormolen Daphne C. , Bom Judith A. M. , de Bekker-Grob Esther W. , Brouwer Werner B. F. , van Exel Job 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt’s increasingly recognized that the evaluative space of economic evaluations in health and social care needs to be broadened and instruments measuring well-being are required. A generic measure of well-being comprehensively capturing all relevant domains of well-being in the adult population is not available. The aim is to describe the development of such an instrument, the 10-item Well-being instrument (WiX), and to report the findings from a content validation study. A draft version of the instrument was based on available instruments pursuing the same aim, a comprehensive theoretical framework of the domains of well-being, and recent empirical evidence from the general population about the constituents of well-being. Content validation was conducted following COSMIN methodology and investigated relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility. In the qualitative content validation, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and members of the general population. During quantitative content validation, a representative sample (n = 501) from the general population completed an online survey. The qualitative validation showed the relevance and comprehensiveness of the WiX were adequate, but several changes were made to consecutive draft versions of the items and their descriptions and response levels to improve comprehensibility. The quantitative validation confirmed these findings and resulted in some additional, minor changes. A new instrument aiming to capture overall (or general) quality-of-life in terms of subjective well-being by measuring how satisfied people are on ten important domains of life in the adult general population was developed. The content validation results are encouraging, but further validation and valuation steps are necessary before the WiX can be used in (economic) evaluation studies of interventions with impacts broader than health.
Special on purpose: complementary currencies in the hierarchy of money
Authors: Olk Christopher 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNo money is universally acceptable. What distinguishes special-purpose monies (SPMs) from national currencies is not the fact of geographical or institutional constraints on their acceptability as such, but the intentional imposition of such constraints as a design priority. This article integrates SPMs into the theoretical framework of the credit theory of money and proposes a novel typology of complementary currencies. In this view, any money is part of a global hierarchy of credit monies. The position of each money in that hierarchy depends on its liquidity, including the degree of commensurability and convertibility, and on the degree of sovereignty that backs it, including aspects of sovereignty that are based on monopoly power and social norms that have no necessary link to states. The position of national currencies in the global hierarchy can be assessed along the dimensions of liquidity and sovereignty. Along the same lines, four types of SPMs can be distinguished. Non-commensurable SPMs backed by some form of sovereignty and connected to public provisioning systems appear to be a more promising instrument than private convertible currencies for supporting effective sustainability transitions.
Innovative pilot plant capacitive deionization for desalination brackish water
Authors: Alotaibi Zaid S. , Alharbi Khalid N. , Alharbi Yaseen , Almoiqli Mohammed S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA semi-industrial demineralization facility was used in six CDI cells to desalinate in two steps. A desalination cycle lowered the feedwater salinity from 1 to 0.5 g/L and produced 200 l/h of demineralized water. This process may be repeated to increase efficiency. Initially, feedwater commenced at 1 g/L. Monitoring both voltage and current during the salt ion removal indicated that CDI cells may recover 30% of the energy utilized. Furthermore, V–Q curves using charge and voltage measurements increased energy recovery by 30%. By cutting off the CDI cells' power source, the electrodes' operating voltage was recorded between 0.85 and 0.9 V, much lower than the external contacts' 1.2 V. The desalination system's efficiency could rise if the electrode voltage was measured and adjusted. In conclusion, storage tanks can provide desalinated water while minimizing water waste; hence, they should be installed. This study examined the physical–technical parameters of a CDI desalination system through experiments and several operational modes. Moreover, it revealed CDI desalination system improvements.
Predicting Individual Treatment Effects: Challenges and Opportunities for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jaki Thomas , Chang Chi , Kuhlemeier Alena ,   The Pooled Resource Open-Access ALS Clinical Trials Consortium, Van Horn M. Lee 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPersonalized medicine seeks to identify the right treatment for the right patient at the right time. Predicting the treatment effect for an individual patient has the potential to transform treatment of patients and drastically improve patients outcomes. In this work, we illustrate the potential for ML and AI methods to yield useful predictions of individual treatment effects. Using the predicted individual treatment effects (PITE) framework which uses baseline covariates (features) to predict whether a treatment is expected to yield benefit for a given patient compared to an alternative intervention we provide an illustration of the potential of such approaches and provide a detailed discussion of opportunities for further research and open challenges when seeking to predict individual treatment effects.