bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology as a paradigm to investigate war
Authors: Lin Xi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCritiquing Paul Kelly's unsophisticated grouping of political thinkers into two broad camps of a pre‐state and (post‐)state era, this article attempts to use the paradigm of technology as an alternative narrative to examine the phenomena of war, conflict and revolution. Drawing on Heidegger and Stiegler, the technology in war is regarded as a way of not only revealing our being in the world, but unconcealing the way we interact and construct intersubjectivity. Five paradigms of technology in war can be discerned, namely the first paradigm of primitive tools (from classical times to 1500 A.D.), the second one of early sciences and machines (1500–1830), the third one of interconnected systems (1830–1945), the fourth one of instruments of automation (1945–2000), and the current fifth one of artificial intelligence. These paradigms offer us a logical (while not necessarily linear) way to (re)examine the history of political thoughts.
Risk factors for recurrent emergency care utilization for flares in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hassid Benjamin G. , Wei Julia , Sax Dana , Velayos Fernando S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesPatients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) need frequent emergency care due to flares of their disease. However, understanding which patients are most vulnerable to repeat emergency care due to recurrent flares of their disease remains poor.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan members aged ≥18 years between 2009 and 2018. Our primary outcome was occurrence of repeat emergency department (ED) visits with a primary diagnosis code of IBD in the 6 months following their index ED visit. Baseline characteristics and clinical service use patterns were extracted. We used multivariable negative binomial regression analysis to measure the incident risk of a recurrent ED visit within 6 months.ResultsWe found 2111 patients who met eligibility criteria, of whom 56.7% were female and 39.7% were non‐White. During the 6‐month observation period, 19.3% (n = 408) returned to the ED for a second IBD flare. In adjusted analyses, we found older age (incident risk ratio [IRR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31–0.62 for age 60+ compared to 18–30), higher neighborhood household income (IRR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.98 for income ≥$85,000), and diagnosis of alcohol use disorder were associated with a lower risk of repeat ED utilization (IRR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.93), while presence of mood disorder (IRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.58), history of opiate prescription (IRR 1.38, 95% CI 1.10–1.73), and corticosteroid prescription (IRR 1.57, 95% CI 1.27–1.95) were associated with increased risk of repeat ED utilization. Prompt outpatient follow‐up was not associated with a lower odds of recurrent ED utilization (IRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75–1.15).ConclusionsOur study identified multiple patient characteristics associated with higher recurrent short‐term use of the ED for IBD care. Although we did not find prompt outpatient follow‐up after initial ED visit to be protective, targeted interventions directed at high‐risk individuals based on mood disorders, opiate use, or steroid use may help to optimize care and health care utilization.
The impact of long‐term storage conditions on the development of experimental dentinal microcracks
Authors: De‐Deus Gustavo , Arashiro Fabio Nakao , Souza Erick Miranda , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Guimarães Tiago de Mello , Maciel Ana Carolina de Carvalho , Oliveira Diogo da Silva , Belladonna Felipe Gonçalves , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Versiani Marco Aurélio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study evaluated the impact of long‐term storage conditions (medium and time) on the development of experimental dentinal microcracks through micro‐computed tomography. Sixty freshly extracted premolars were stored in formalin, water, or dry conditions (n = 20) and scanned after 72 h, 30 days, 6 months and 3 years of extraction. The effect of the storage medium and time on the occurrence of dentinal defects was statistically evaluated. A total of 211 000 images were screened revealing the existence of 11 519 slices with dentinal defects. Dry conditions significantly contributed to the development of new defects in all time points. During the 3‐year follow‐up period, no new defects were detected in the teeth that were stored in water and, in a single tooth, in the formalin group, after 6 months of storage.
Welcoming the foreigner: Notes on the possibility of multispecies hospitality
Authors: Kavesh Muhammad A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhat do the welcome and the refusal mean when the one who arrives is not human? By examining the moral attitude created through the acceptance of European racing pigeons in Pakistan and the capture of Pakistani “spy pigeons” at the India‐Pakistan border, this article unknots multiple meanings of arrival and explores how shared values of hospitality and hostility emerge and interplay when a more‐than‐human Other arrives in a foreign land as an invited guest or an uninvited intruder. Drawing on Jacques Derrida's (2000) construction of hostpitality and Punjabi Sufi poet‐philosopher Waris Shah's discussion of badal (reciprocity), this article contends that in South Asia, reciprocal exchanges produce and sustain cooperative, competitive, or antagonistic bonds and propound an analytical avenue to critically rethink deconstruction of the home as a sovereign space.
The co‐benefits of biodiversity citizen science for well‐being and nature relatedness
Authors: Eichholtzer Anne C. , Driscoll Don A. , Patrick Rebecca , Galletta Lorenzo , Lawson Justin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman well‐being is dependent on the health of our planet. Biodiversity‐related citizen science supports conservation research, and there is increasing interest in its potential as a health co‐benefits intervention.This randomized controlled study investigates the health co‐benefits of biodiversity citizen science participation. Seventy participants were randomly assigned to a citizen science project or control group for an 8‐month period. Both groups completed pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys, evaluating nature relatedness, self‐efficacy related to biodiversity loss, subjective well‐being, and climate change anxiety. A subset (N = 13) of participants engaged in the citizen science project also took part in focus group discussions.The intervention group reported a significant increase in nature relatedness and self‐efficacy to help address issues of biodiversity loss. Although no significant changes were observed for other well‐being or anxiety scales, most participants reported positive outcomes related to mental or physical well‐being in focus groups. There were stronger positive effects for participants without previous environmental volunteering experience.These results suggest that citizen science participation has the potential to contribute to Planetary Health goals, with sustained co‐benefits for well‐being and nature relatedness. Future interventions evaluating co‐benefits should consider previous environmental volunteering experience and focus on participants with little experience to maximize health outcomes.
SPI1 activates TGF‐β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12 to support the mesenchymal phenotype of glioma stem cells
Authors: Song Yifu , Zhang Yaochuan , Wang Xiaoliang , Han Xiaodi , Shi Mengwu , Xu Ling , Yu Juanhan , Zhang Li , Han Sheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit diverse molecular subtypes with the mesenchymal (MES) population representing the most malignant variant. The oncogenic potential of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), an oncogenic transcription factor, has been established across various human malignancies. In this study, we explored the association between the SPI1 pathway and the MES GSC phenotype. Through comprehensive analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas glioma databases, along with patient‐derived GSC cultures, we analyzed SPI1 expression. Using genetic knockdown and overexpression techniques, we assessed the functional impact of SPI1 on GSC MES marker expression, invasion, proliferation, self‐renewal, and sensitivity to radiation in vitro, as well as its influence on tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, we investigated the downstream signaling cascades activated by SPI1. Our findings revealed a positive correlation between elevated SPI1 expression and the MES phenotype, which in turn, correlated with poor survival. SPI1 enhanced GSC MES differentiation, self‐renewal, and radioresistance in vitro, promoting tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, SPI1 augmented the transcriptional activity of both TGF‐β1 and FKBP12 while activating the non‐canonical PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, inhibition of TGF‐β1/PI3K/Akt signaling partially attenuated SPI1‐induced GSC MES differentiation and its associated malignant phenotype. Collectively, our results underscore SPI1's role in activating TGF‐β1/PI3K/Akt signaling through transcriptional upregulation of FKBP12, thereby supporting the aggressive MES phenotype of GSCs. Therefore, SPI1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target in glioma treatment.
Impact of PmrB mutations on clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae with variable colistin‐susceptibilities: Structural insights and potent therapeutic solutions
Authors: Basu Soumya , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Anbarasu Anand 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections continue to impose high morbidity threats to hospitalized patients worldwide, limiting therapeutic options to last‐resort antibiotics like colistin. However, the dynamic genomic landscape of colistin‐resistant K. pneumoniae (COLR‐Kp) invoked ardent exploration of underlying molecular signatures for therapeutic propositions/designs. We unveiled the structural impact of the widespread and emerging PmrB mutations involved in colistin resistance (COLR) in K. pneumoniae. In the present study, clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae expressed variable susceptibilities to colistin (>0.5 μg/mL for resistant and ≤0.25 μg/mL for susceptible) despite mutations such as T157P, G207D and T246A. The protein sequences extracted from in‐house sequenced genomes were used to model mutant PmrB proteins and analyze the underlying structural alterations. The mutations were contrasted based on molecular dynamics simulation trajectories, free‐energy landscapes and structural flexibility profiles. The altered backbone flexibilities can be an essential factor for mutant selection by COLR K. pneumoniae and can provide clues to deal with emerging mutants. Furthermore, PmrB having high druggability confidence (>0.99), was explored as a potential target for 1396 virtually screened FDA‐approved drug candidates. Among the top‐10 compounds (scores >70), amphotericin B was found to be potential candidate with high affinity (Binding energy <−8 kcal/mol) and stable interactions (RMSF <0.7 Å) against PmrB druggable pockets, despite the mutations, which encourages future adjunct therapeutic research against COLR‐Kp.
Assessing prognostic factors of long‐term survival after surgery for colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Yang Songsoo , Maspero Marianna , Holubar Stefan D. , Hull Tracy L. , Lightner Amy L. , Valente Michael A. , Gorgun Emre , Kalady Matthew F. , Steele Scott R. , Liska David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimDue to their rarity, the management of colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (CR GISTs) is still under debate. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic factors.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery with curative intent for CR GIST at our centre from 2002 to 2019. Factors associated with overall (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were analysed.ResultsFifty‐six patients were included [median age 63 years, 29 (52%) female, 30 (54%) Miettinen high‐risk, 40 (71%) with rectal GIST]. Nineteen (34%) patients received perioperative (neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant) imatinib. All cases of colonic GIST had an R0 resection, compared with 28 (70%) of rectal GISTs. After a median follow‐up of 97 months (interquartile range 48–155 months), 14 (25%) deaths and 14 (25%) recurrences occurred. In the high‐risk cohort, factors associated with improved RFS were R0 resection (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.1–0.5, p = 0.002) and perioperative imatinib (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.42–0.97, p = 0.04). Patients who had received perioperative imatinib had longer RFS (60% vs. 11% at 5 years, p = 0.006) but not OS. In rectal GISTs, 5‐year OS was 85% for R0 and 70% for R1 resections (p = 0.164) and 5‐year RFS was 85% for R0 and 12% for R1 resection (p < 0.001). When stratifying patients by perioperative imatinib, there were no differences in OS or RFS in the R0 or R1 groups.ConclusionPerioperative imatinib and R0 resection were associated with improved RFS in high‐risk patients with CR GIST. In patients with rectal GIST, R1 resection was associated with worse RFS irrespective of perioperative imatinib treatment.
Synthesis and characterization of iron oxides and their application as inorganic pigments in white paint
Authors: Lemos Milena Z. , Jaerger Silvia , Balaba Nayara , Horsth Dienifer F. L. , Villalba Juan C. , Stefenon Felipe L. , González‐Borrero Pedro P. , Anaissi Fauze J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tones of iron oxide pigments range from yellow, red, brown and green to black. Iron oxide pigments are non‐toxic and have a nanometric particle size, which makes them ideal for use as pigments. The current study synthesised synthetic inorganic pigments based on iron oxides using the alkaline precipitation method. This approach to the synthesis of iron oxide pigments makes them less expensive for obtaining reproducible colours. Iron salts (iron (III) chloride, iron (III) nitrate, iron (II) sulphate [ferrous sulphate] and iron (III) sulphate) have been combined with alkaline solutions (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide) to form coloured iron oxides, which are widely known as natural inorganic pigments. The 12 samples produced in four different colours (red, yellow, brown and black) were left in aqueous suspension and dispersed in commercial real white estate paint, to evaluate their behaviour as pigments. Structural characterisation (X‐ray diffractometry), composition (X‐ray fluorescence by dispersive energy), thermal analysis (i.e. thermogravimetric analysis and the differential thermal analysis) and spectroscopy (FTIR and photoacoustic), as well as colorimetry, were performed. The phases indexed by X‐ray diffractometry were goethite, haematite, magnetite and lepidocrocite. The inorganic pigments produced are compatible with natural inorganic pigments. They also showed dispersion compatibility in commercial white paint without changing the surface coating powder and are therefore an alternative to synthetic inorganic pigments.
Uncovering antagonisms in recovery planning for species at risk: A diagnostic approach
Authors: Silver Daniel A. , Ahsan Tasfia , Mandrak Nicholas , Livingstone Stuart 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmid Earth's ongoing sixth mass extinction event, numerous measures have been proposed to recover the populations of species at risk of extinction. However, the methods and objectives of different species' recovery plans sometimes conflict with each other, causing a conundrum we refer to as recovery–action antagonism. Recovery–action antagonism reduces the cost‐effectiveness of conservation programs and can increase the extinction risk of nontarget species. We describe a method to identify interactions between recovery actions, including antagonisms proposed for different at‐risk species in a given location. The method includes a process to evaluate potential drivers of recovery‐action antagonism and other interaction types using principal coordinates analysis and distance‐based redundancy analysis. We illustrate various applications of the method through case studies performed in Pelee Island and Rouge National Urban Park, two biodiverse areas in Ontario, Canada. Potential antagonism was identified between 1.5% (Pelee) and 5% (Rouge) of the evaluated recovery actions. Although the rate of antagonism was low in our case studies, the method allows the identification of a variety of interactions, which can help to prioritize similar and complementary actions that will benefit a large number of species while minimizing actions that may have competing outcomes.
Modern diagnostics and treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Weilandt Juliane , Peitsch Wiebke K. 
Published: October 2023

SummaryMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation, the incidence of which has increased substantially during the last decades. Risk factors include advanced age, fair skin type, UV exposure, and immunosuppression. Pathogenetically, a type caused by the Merkel cell polyomavirus is distinguished from a UV‐induced type with a high tumor mutational burden.Clinically, MCC presents as a mostly painless, rapidly growing, reddish‐violet tumor with a shiny surface, which is preferentially localized in the head‐neck region and at the distal extremities. A reliable diagnosis can only be made based on histological and immunohistochemical features. At initial diagnosis, 20–26% of patients show locoregional metastases and 8–14% distant metastases, making staging examinations indispensable. If there is no clinical evidence of metastases, a sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended.Essential columns of therapy are surgery, adjuvant or palliative radiotherapy and, in advanced inoperable stages, medicamentous tumor therapy. The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a paradigm shift, as they provide a considerably longer duration of response and better survival rates than chemotherapy. The PD‐L1 inhibitor avelumab is approved for treatment of metastatic MCC in Germany, but the PD‐1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab are also used with success. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment concepts, immune combination therapies and targeted therapies as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors are in the clinical trial phase.
Pachydermodactyly: A Case Report
Authors: Pérez Bibiana , Gómez M. Isabel , Sánchez Enrique , Muñoz Ernesto , Ledo Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPachydermodactyly is an uncommon variant of digital fibromatosis that has previously been related to knuckle pads. It is a benign condition that needs no investigation for an underlying systemic disease. We present a new case of pachydermodactyly and comment on the available literature.
Low‐temperature molten salt synthesis of ultrafine high‐entropy rare‐earth silicate powders
Authors: Wei Peng , Zhuang Lei , Yu Hulei , Qin Yexia , Chu Yanhui 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSynthesis of ultrafine powders of high‐entropy rare‐earth silicates (HERESs) is critical for expanding their applications. Here, we report the synthesis of ultrafine HERES powders via a simple molten salt method for the first time. The results show that the single‐phase high‐entropy rare‐earth disilicates (HEREDs) and monosilicates (HEREMs) with monoclinic crystal structures can be successfully synthesized at 1073 and 1173 K, with the content ratios of raw rare‐earth oxides to SiO2 of 1:2.4 and 1:0.9, respectively. The average particle sizes of the as‐synthesized HEREDs and HEREMs powders are measured to be 1.32 and 1.64 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, uniform elemental distributions are confirmed in these powders without any element separation or segregation. In addition, a “dissolution–precipitation” mechanism is proposed to clarify the synthesis process of HERESs. This study not only provides a new synthesis methodology for HERES powders but also reveals a new insight into the growth mode for HERES powders.
Quality of life measurement in teledermatology. Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Forces on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes and Teledermatology
Authors: Chernyshov P. V. , Finlay A. Y. , Tomas‐Aragones L. , Tognetti L. , Moscarella E. , Pasquali P. , Manolache L. , Pustisek N. , Svensson A. , Marron S. E. , Bewley A. , Salavastru C. , Suru A. , Koumaki D. , Linder D. , Abeni D. , Augustin M. , Blome C. , Salek S. S. , Evers A. W. M. , Poot F. , Sampogna F. , Szepietowski J. С. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany events, including the COVID‐19 pandemic, have accelerated the implementation of teledermatology pathways within dermatology departments and across healthcare organizations. Quality of Life (QoL) assessment in dermatology is also a rapidly developing field with a gradual shift from theory to practice. The purpose of this paper organized jointly by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Task Force (TF) on QoL and patient‐oriented outcomes and the EADV TF on teledermatology is to present current knowledge about QoL assessment during the use of teledermatology approaches, including data on health‐related (HR) QoL instruments used in teledermatology, comparison of influence of different treatment methods on HRQoL after face‐to‐face and teledermatology consultations and to make practical recommendations concerning the assessment of QoL in teledermatology. The EADV TFs made the following position statements: HRQoL assessment may be an important part in most of teledermatology activities; HRQoL assessment may be easily and effectively performed during teledermatology consultations. It is especially important to monitor HRQoL of patients with chronic skin diseases during lockdowns or in areas where it is difficult to reach a hospital for face‐to‐face consultation; regular assessment of HRQoL of patients with skin diseases during teledermatology consultations may help to monitor therapy efficacy and visualize individual patient's needs; we recommend the use of the DLQI in teledermatology, including the use of the DLQI app which is available in seven languages; it is important to develop apps for dermatology‐specific HRQoL instruments for use in children (for example the CDLQI and InToDermQoL) and for disease‐specific instruments.