bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance study of an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection for water pressure pulsation
Authors: Chen Chen , Xu Yifei , Zhao Haixia , Xian Tongrui , Luo Xiaohui , Shi Weijie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Water hydraulic pump is a crucial component of the water hydraulic system, and it generates periodic pressure pulsation due to its inherent characteristics. To harvest the vibration energy from the pressure pulsation, an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection is proposed. Two prototypes are fabricated to analyze the effect of the number of piezoelectric disks on the energy harvesting characteristics under different pressures and resistances. Parameter matching is also carried out to obtain high root mean square (RMS) voltage and average power. For both prototypes, the cyclical change of deformation is caused by the pressure pulsation, leading to transient variation of voltage. Moderate thickness of piezoelectric ceramic and small thickness of copper substrate are advantageous for generating higher electrical energy output. Pressure pulsation significantly affects the harvested voltage and power, with the main influencing factor being the pulsation amplitude rather than static pressure. Additionally, transient voltage and RMS voltage increase with increasing resistance, while average power first rises and then falls. Comparing the two prototypes, both voltage and optimal resistance decrease when the number of piezoelectric disks in parallel connection increases. The average power and power density with two piezoelectric disks can reach 447 μW and 4.56 mW cm−3 under 3 MPa and at a resistance of 20 KΩ. This research provides guidance for the design, optimization and application of piezoelectric energy harvesters in water hydraulic system.
Modelling Rabi oscillations for widefield radiofrequency imaging in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Magaletti Simone , Mayer Ludovic , Roch Jean-François , Debuisschert Thierry 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the dynamics of an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond when its photoluminescence is detected by means of a widefield imaging system. We develop a seven-level model and use it to simulate the widefield detection of nitrogen-vacancy centers Rabi oscillations. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements showing a good agreement. In particular, we use the model to explain the asymmetric shape of the detected Rabi oscillations due to an incomplete repolarization of the nitrogen-vacancy center during the pulse sequence implemented for the detection of Rabi oscillations.
Development and application of a predictive model for advanced tokamak scenario design
Authors: Schramm Raphael , Bock Alexander , Fable Emiliano , Stober Jörg , Maraschek Marc , Reisner Maximilian , Fischer Rainer , Zohm Hartmut ,   the ASDEX-Upgrade Team
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Advanced tokamak (AT) scenarios applying additional heating during the current ramp (early-heating) usually require many iterations if developed fully empirically. To reduce the required experimental time, a model has been developed in the ASTRA framework, capable of doing predictive simulations of the relevant parameters. As scenario development requires fast iterations and inter-discharge runs, a sufficiently short run-time is required. While using a simplified transport model to achieve this, comparisons to experimental data from ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG) still show good agreement. Using this model, a new high performance early-heating AT scenario has been developed and successfully run on AUG with the results matching the predictions.
In-between Landscapes
Authors: Burchardt Jeremy 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Since Pahl’s celebrated 1966 article ‘The rural-urban continuum’, scholars have persistently sought to question and complicate antithetical constructions of town and country. Yet such binary formulations remain stubbornly embedded at the level of public discourse. This chapter explores a type of landscape that, it is argued, became increasingly significant in the twentieth century, referred to here as ‘in-between landscapes’. In-between landscapes could take a wide variety of forms: gardens and parks, views out to distant countryside, ‘ruralized’ roads planted with trees, wooded slopes and ravines too steep for building, water meadows and flood plains, urban commons, and what were perceived to be ‘rural’ enclaves, typified by groups of buildings visibly much older than those encompassing them. These landscapes were at once highly modern, in that they were characteristic, indeed well-nigh universal, elements in twentieth-century urban and peri-urban landscapes, and also resistant to modernity in their marginality and, often, ‘left-behindness’. In exploring how and why in-between landscapes mattered so much to many urban people, this chapter demonstrates that ‘the rural’, both as discursive construct and as spatial practice, continued to play a vital role in structuring lived experience in twentieth-century Britain.
Rural Modernity in Britain: Landscape, Literature, Nostalgia
Authors: Bluemel Kristin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rural writers of the 1920s and 1930s bemoaned as they documented the blights upon landscape that Nan Fairbrother assigns to a post-World War II generation. This chapter argues that rural ‘middlebrow’ literature, represented by works of Richard Llewellyn, Mary Webb, Stella Gibbons, A. G. Street, Adrian Bell, H. E. Bates, Flora Thompson, and Francis Brett Young, constitutes a uniquely imaginative and creative response to rural modernity in Britain. It finds hope and wisdom in this literary past, analysing literary methods and cultural impacts of rural writers who confronted industrial landscape, mechanised farming, pylons in the countryside, urban housing in rural areas, and mass motorised leisure during the interwar years.
Seeing like a Quarryman: Landscape, Quarrying, and Competing Visions of Rural England along Hadrian’s Wall, 1930–1960
Authors: Roddy Gareth 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the middle decades of the twentieth century sections of Hadrian’s Wall and the surrounding landscape came under the legislative protection of the state. This article examines the debates over the quarrying industry near the villages of Haltwhistle and Greenhead in south-west Northumberland, which was increasingly restricted as the protection of the Wall and its setting developed. Situated near or on the line of the Wall, the quarries became the focus of passionate debates about landscape, employment, community, and the national interest between 1930 and 1960. Bringing together local, regional, and national archives, this article deepens our understanding of the landscape’s transformation by examining the local voices in these debates, which have been overlooked by existing scholarship. It reveals that, from a local perspective, the preservation of the Wall was understood as a process of destructive change in the landscape. The transformation of the landscape brought together landowners, quarry managers, workers, and residents in a coalition that crossed class divisions. The quarrying debates exposed competing visions of rural England, Roman history, and the national interest, and the conflict responded to the changing circumstances of economic depression, war, and the decline of heavy industry.
Building Amenity in Areas of Non-outstanding Natural Beauty in the Southern Pennines
Authors: Navickas Katrina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines debates between countryside preservationists, landscape architects and utility providers about the meaning of amenity and landscape change in upland England, specifically in the Pennine moorland of south-east Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire in the middle decades of the twentieth century. It examines local public inquiries and policies about the siting of electricity pylons, transmitters, military training grounds and the Pennine Way long distance trail. It argues for a longer definition of rural modernity that stretched back to the technological innovations of the late nineteenth century. It highlights the tensions between local and central committees of the preservationist movement over amenity and the concept of ‘industrial Pennines’.
The Post-war Power Station and the Persistence of an English Landscape Tradition
Authors: Waites Ian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter will examine the aesthetics of the design, arrangement and siting of two post-war power stations: West Burton, which was built on the Nottinghamshire-Lincolnshire border between 1961 and 1969, and Didcot in Oxfordshire, which was completed in 1970. It will firstly consider the manner in which West Burton was designed as an attempt to ‘naturalise’ this modern, but otherwise quite alien, development within the surrounding lowland countryside. From there, the chapter will go on to argue that the design of West Burton, and the way it was represented in journals like The Architectural Review was defined by a working awareness of the traditions and principles of eighteenth-century Picturesque theory and of the modernist revival of those ideas – specifically Nikolaus Pevsner’s belief that the aesthetic potential of functional building planning should especially be conditioned by an attention to site and viewpoint. It will then be seen how Didcot was pictorially organised with respect to surrounding historical landscape features, and how this was reflective of a postwar ‘neo-romantic’ notion that past, present, and future could coalesce in the English countryside.
Theoretical Linguistics in Non-University Education
Authors: Corr Alice , Pineda Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces Linguistics in Schools (LiS) as an educational movement and research field, and discusses the place of ‘theoretical linguistics’ (or TLiS) within it. The chapter serves to situate the TLiS project as it is understood in the present book in terms of i) its relationship to the discipline of linguistics (and beyond); and ii) its rationale, as expressed by advocates of incorporating theoretical linguistics into pre-university education. It also considers some wider aspects of implementing TLiS in practice. Insights from the volume’s component chapters are interwoven throughout these discussions. The chapter ends with an outline of the thematic and structural organization of the volume, and offers synopses of the collection’s individual contributions.
Levelling Up the Modern Languages Curriculum through Linguistics in a UK Classroom
Authors: Swainston Janette , Kasstan Jonathan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter has two aims: (a) it offers an overview of a pilot project that was designed to introduce linguistics into the ‘Modern Foreign Languages’ (MFL) provision in a sample of UK schools, and (b) it reports on one teacher’s own experiences, observations and conclusions after having delivered on the project for two successive academic years. The pilot - ‘Linguistics in MFL Project’ - is a cross-Higher-Education initiative led by academic linguists who designed a four-session mini-course in Romance and Germanic linguistics for A-level students (16-18 years) in the UK. The course covers foundations of linguistics (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics), providing content in English, and activities in the target language. The first author – in their capacity as a an MFL teacher and project participant – reports on the benefits, as they see it, offered by a linguistic-theoretic approach to the teaching and learning of additional languages within the UK-curriculum context, before concluding with how their own teaching ethos and practices have evolved over the course of the pilot. The chapter concludes by highlighting some limitations in the existing curriculum for the delivery of languages provision, and offers some recommendations for change.
Investigating Metre through a Linguistic Lens in English Language Arts
Authors: Keyser Beth R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While teaching English, two questions have repeatedly arisen: 1. How does one teach grammar that aligns with students’ linguistic intuitions? 2. How does one teach poetic meter in a way that is consistent, accessible, and instructive? The answer to the first question has been a guide to the second one. This chapter will focus on the latter question by pointing out the limitations of conventional textbook definitions of meter, discussing the ways in which scientific method in linguistics lends itself to helping students understand the difficult task of scanning meter, and describing the ways in which scientific thinking with linguistic theory can be blended in a series of lessons for high school students in an Advanced Placement English Literature and Composition class.
Addressing Language in Secondary Education: Advantages of a Scientific Approach to Grammar Teaching
Authors: Bosque Ignacio , Gallego Ángel J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In the Spanish secondary education, first-language teaching is conceived of as a mixture of instrumental skills (writing and reading) and grammar. It is fair to say, though, that the connection between both domains has never been pursued in a harmonic, truly interdisciplinary, fashion. Instrumental techniques are typically associated to normative guidelines and communicative approaches, whereas grammar is seen as a set of mechanical exercises. Here we argue in favor of approaching grammar from a scientific point of view. This does not mean that secondary school students should necessarily become apprentice scientists, but rather that they should get used to describing and analyzing linguistic objects in the same way they are taught to describe and analyze other objects of the world in other courses. We further claim that this scientific take should have an impact on what concepts are taught and how they are trained. We briefly discuss some contemporary concepts that we think could be incorporated in secondary education, as just one possible example of what could be done. We also argue that traditional grammatical exercises should be complemented with problem-raising strategies.
Testing the Pedagogical Application of Competing Linguistic Theories: The Efficacy of Cognitive Construction Grammar for L2 Catalan Learners
Authors: Segura-Llopes Carles , Sentí Andreu , Buendia Sandra Montserrat , Barceló Sergi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter inquires into the efficacy of Cognitive Construction Grammar as a base for a pedagogical grammar. Using a focus on form methodology, this study presents a tentative experiment on the Catalan En-Partitive construction carried out in Catalonia in which two different grammatical approaches are compared: a group was instructed following a more traditional and grammatical approach whereas the other group used a learning unit built on Cognitive Construction Grammar. In the case of minoritized languages, as with Catalan, the interference of the dominant language (here, Spanish) causes the vanishing of a construction unique to the minoritized language. This chapter shows the difficulties in the acquisition of a new construction for Catalan L2 (and some L1) speakers (i.e. re-thinking for speaking). Besides, some strategies in the design of future experiments in order to overcome this challenge are provided.
Introduction: ‘Switching Back to Good Old PSYOP’
Authors: Whyte Jeffrey 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the content and themes of the book by situating its historical approach to psychological warfare in relation to contemporary concerns over disinformation, ‘active measures’, and the post-truth era. Prefacing the book’s argument that psychological warfare evolved alongside practices of aerial bombardment, it draws upon Derek Gregory’s notion of the ‘moral economy of bombing’ to introduces the book’s challenge to the claims that psychological warfare represents an objective, humane, manly, and lawful way of war.
Introduction: Current Relevance and Future Potential of South-eastern Europe in Palaeolithic Research
Authors: Ruiz-Redondo Aitor , Davies William 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Balkan Peninsula has acted as a crossroads between Asia and Europe throughout human history. Different waves of prehistoric human migration passed through this territory over time (Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, early farmers…). Probably this important role boosted the early archaeological explorations in the area, and, perhaps, is still behind the recent ‘blossoming’ of research projects and key discoveries. Nevertheless, South-eastern Europe was more than a mere ‘corridor’ for some prehistoric groups, who made this area their home. The exceptional nature of a number of sites and discoveries points to this fact. In this introduction, we summarise the history of Palaeolithic research from the early discoveries in the 19th century to the latest breakthroughs. The latest developments and the archaeological potential of this territory anticipate a promising future for Early Prehistoric research in South-eastern Europe.
Lower Palaeolithic Settlement of the Balkans: Evidence from Caves and Open-air Sites
Authors: Mihailović Dušan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is assumed that the Balkan Peninsula may have represented a major migratory corridor and the area where hominin groups initially adapted to the ecological conditions of the temperate climate during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Until recently, these ideas could only be assessed hypothetically, due to the very small number of identified archaeological sites. This situation changed with discoveries of sites in the Lower Danube (Kozarnika, Dealul Guran), Aegean (Kokkinopilos, Marathousa 1, Rodafnidia) and Central Balkan (Balanica Cave Complex) regions, which presented artefacts in stratigraphic contexts, most of them well-dated. In addition to these sites, a large number of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic surface lithic scatters have been recorded in the Central and Southern Balkans. Concentrations of finds were recorded on the highest river terraces and in the vicinity of mineral deposits. Recent research provides preliminary insights into the cultural, demographic and behavioural changes in the Lower Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe, the issues of the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition, and the connections with Anatolia and the Middle East. It has been established that there is great potential for research directed towards the identification of Lower Palaeolithic sites in fluvial and lacustrine geological settings.
The Middle Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe
Authors: Karavanić Ivor , Banda Marko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews the Middle Palaeolithic of South-eastern Europe in light of the results obtained by recent research. A large territory from Slovenia in the north to Greece in the south and from Croatia in the west to Bulgaria and Romania in the east is covered by the chapter. The chronology and characteristics of defined technocomplexes from MIS 7 to MIS 3 are presented and discussed in their functional and environmental context. Examples of these technocomplexes include the so-called South-eastern European (Balkan) Charentian, so-called Micromousterian as both Charentian and a kind of Denticulate Mousterian, Typical Mousterian with Levallois technology and often with bifacial points and other industrial variants that appeared in the region during this period. We primarily consider aspects of technology, typology and stone raw-material procurement in chronological and regional context, but also included are aspects of palaeoecology and other patterns in our interpretations.
Late Pleistocene Hominin Settlement Patterns in the Central Balkans: Šalitrena Pećina, Serbia
Authors: Marín-Arroyo Ana B , Jones Jennifer R , Cristiani Emanuela , Stevens Rhiannon E , Mihailović Dušan , Mihailović Bojana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Recent research in the Central Balkans is discovering multiple human occupations previously unknown from the region, revealing its strategical location within Europe for human populations dispersing towards Central and Western Europe during the Pleistocene. Šalitrena Pećina (Serbia) contains evidence of late Neanderthal and early anatomically modern human (AMH) presence during the mid-to-late MIS 3. A Bayesian model of the radiocarbon dates, combined with the zooarchaeological and stable isotope analyses of the macromammals and technological analysis of the bone tools, provides new insight into subsistence strategies achieved by late Neanderthals and Aurignacian and Gravettian groups at the site. The results reveal diverse residential and short-temporal use of the cave by both human species. Bone tools show intensive use of the carcasses consumed for daily tools. The first evidence of Aurignacian and Gravettian bone industries in Serbia are presented here. Carnivores played a significant role after humans left the site. Radiocarbon dates indicate a millennium’s gap between Neanderthal and early AMH groups, and a few millennia between the Aurignacian and the Gravettian groups. Bone collagen δ13C and δ15N isotope values are indicative of a mixed forest and open landscapes near the cave, reflecting a more forested and humid condition during the Mousterian and colder environments during the Gravettian with open landscapes.
Late Pleistocene Human Fossils from East Central and South-eastern Europe
Authors: Janković Ivor , Smith Fred H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the available human fossil record from the Late Pleistocene of East Central and South-eastern Europe in the context of new research and theoretical perspectives on later human evolution. This region is of particular importance, as many scholars note that the initial anatomically modern migration into Europe most likely would have begun here. This is supported by finds from Romania, Bulgaria and other countries. Further, during the Late Pleistocene two morphologically distinct groups (Neanderthals and anatomically modern Homo sapiens) inhabited Europe, and their relationship to each other (both physical and cultural) has been a subject of debate for a long time. Recent developments in the fields of palaeogenomics add to the previously available biological and cultural datasets and warrant an update of the available hypotheses.