bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of O‐deficient Modified CuAl2O4/MoS2 Composite Photocatalysts in Wastewater Treatment Applications
Authors: Han Mengjun , Wang Shifa , Yu Xinmiao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Maoyuan , Yi Zao , Gao Huajing , Yang Hua , Fang Leiming , Syed Asad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe O‐deficient modified CuAl2O4/MoS2 composite photocatalysts (ODMCAOMSCP) are fabricated by a wet chemical route and low‐temperature treatment for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The fine particles dotted on the large sheet are revealed to be comprised of large sheets with rich oxygen defects and nanoparticles, which endows it with a high optical absorption coefficient, available reactive species, excellent charge carrier separation, and high photocatalytic activity. The finely designed ODMCAOMSCP achieve a TC degradation first‐order rate constant of 0.01436 min−1, which is 3.99 and 2.70 times higher than that of MoS2 and CuAl2O4, respectively. Response surface analysis reveals that multiple environmental factors including initial TC concentration, catalyst content, and initial pH affect the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst on the basis of backpropagation (BP) neural network optimized by genetic algorithm and Box‐Behnken design. The degradation intermediates and degradation pathways are determined by a liquid chromatograph‐mass spectrometer (LC‐MS). The toxicity of TC over ‐ ODMCAOMSCP is studied by the toxicity analysis software and the cultivation of mung bean. Mechanism investigation demonstrates that the major active species of ODMCAOMSCP for the degradation TC are attributed to oxygen vacancy, hydroxyl radical (∙OH), and superoxide radical (∙O2−).
Applied Voltage‐Activated Fe─N─C Catalysts for Pem Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Qiheng , Zhang Jin , Wang Xingdong , Liu Qingtao , Liu Jingjun , Zhuang Zhongbin , Shui Jianglan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe practical application of non‐precious Fe─N─C catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) continues to remain one of the major challenges due to their relatively poor oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance in acid. In this work, a fast and facilely performance enhancement strategy is first proposed for various Fe─N─C catalysts by supplying different direct‐current voltages to achieve a rapid solid‐state activation at room temperature. The voltage‐activated state‐of‐the‐art Fe─N─C catalyst has demonstrated a peak power density of 1.1 W cm−2 for PEMFC and remarkably increased long‐term durability for ORR. The substantially improved performance can be attributed to the formation of highly active ketone‐decorated (edge‐hosted) FeN4 sites and substantially boosts coupled proton−electron transfer (CPET) by improving the conductivity of the as‐synthesized Fe─N─C with an interpenetrating network structure. The interconnected micro‐nodes within the interpenetrating network are the main active regions for the ORR, evidenced by an optimized structural model based on the above typical morphology. Therefore, this finding provides an innovative and facile idea for solving the activity and stability deficiency for promising Fe─N─C for commercial PEMFC.
Light, Heat, and Force‐Responsive Polyolefins
Authors: Qu Weicheng , Bi Zhengxing , Zou Chen , Chen Changle 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymers have found applications as shape‐memory materials, optical switches, and sensors, but the installation of these responsive properties in non‐polar and inert polyolefins is challenging. In this contribution, a series of spiropyran (SP)‐based comonomers are synthesized and copolymerized with ethylene or ethylene/cyclic monomers. In addition to great mechanical and surface properties, these functionalized polyolefins responded to light, heat, and force, which induced changes in the polymer structure to transmit color or mechanical signals. These interesting responsive properties are also installed in a series of commercial polyolefin materials through reactive extrusion, making the scalable production of these materials possible.
NaNbO3‐Based Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance
Authors: Lv Zhongqian , Lu Teng , Liu Zhen , Hu Tengfei , Hong Zhichao , Guo Shaobo , Xu Zequan , Song Yunxiong , Chen Yonghong , Zhao Xiangyong , Lin Zhisheng , Yu Dehong , Liu Yun , Wang Genshui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the gradual promotion of new energy technologies, there is a growing demand for capacitors with high energy storage density, high operating temperature, high operating voltage, and good temperature stability. In recent years, researchers have been devoted to improving the energy storage properties of lead‐based, titanium‐based, and iron‐based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). However, limited research has been conducted into MLCC development using NaNbO3 (NN)‐based materials. In this paper, the successful achievement of excellent overall energy storage performance in a novel NaNbO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–Bi(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 lead‐free MLCCs is presented. The disordered tilting around the cp axis, disrupts Na and Bi ions' long‐range displacements and induces PNRs and strong relaxor behavior, which ensures a superior energy storage performance, together with the multilayer ceramic design strategy. As a result, the NN‐based MLCC device presents an ultra‐high Wrec = 12.65 J cm−3 and η = 88.5%, simultaneously showing superior temperature stability (Wrec varies <±1% and η varies <±6% from −50 to 125 °C) and fatigue resistance (Wrec and η vary <±1% over 107 cycles). This study highlights the advanced energy storage potential of NaNbO3‐based MLCCs for various applications, and ushers in a new era for designing high‐performance lead‐free capacitors that can operate in harsh environments.
Survey based assessment of sustainable agricultural practices: Evidence from Indian plots
Authors: Itin‐Shwartz Beata 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years concerns have been raised regarding the environmental consequences of over‐use of nitrogen fertilizers on a global level. However, the balance between sustainability and agricultural productivity, a central concern for policy makers in developing countries, has not been sufficiently addressed. In this paper, I evaluate farmers’ fertilization practices and their effect on yield using unique plot level data from India. I estimate quadratic crop response functions for different crops and cropping systems. To address endogenous input choices, I use input prices and cost shifters from the fertilizer industry as instrumental variables for the fertilization practice. I find that a large share of Indian cultivators overuse nitrogen relative to the other two nutrients, and could benefit from simply reducing the amount of nitrogen used while keeping the other nutrients fixed. This suggests a potential win‐win situation where both productivity and sustainability can be improved by changing fertilizer application. The widespread “nitrogen‐only” fertilization pattern is rejected as optimal in most cases. [EconLit Citations: Q12, Q15, Q16, E23, C26, C14].
Risk of Alzheimer's disease is associated with longitudinal changes in plasma biomarkers in the multi‐ethnic Washington Heights–Hamilton Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) cohort
Authors: Gu Yian , Honig Lawrence S. , Kang Min Suk , Bahl Aanya , Sanchez Danurys , Reyes‐Dumeyer Dolly , Manly Jennifer J. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Lantigua Rafael A. , Brickman Adam M. , Vardarajan Badri N. , Mayeux Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers can help differentiate cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. The role of AD biomarkers in predicting cognitive impairment and AD needs examination.METHODSIn 628 CU individuals from a multi‐ethnic cohort, amyloid beta (Aβ)42, Aβ40, phosphorylated tau‐181 (p‐tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured in plasma.RESULTSHigher baseline levels of p‐tau181/Aβ42 ratio were associated with an increased risk of incident dementia. A biomarker pattern (with elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 but low p‐tau181/Aβ42) was associated with decreased dementia risk. Compared to CU, participants who developed MCI or dementia had a rapid decrease in this protective biomarker pattern reflecting AD‐specific pathological change.DISCUSSIONElevated levels of AD biomarker p‐tau181/Aβ42, by itself or combined with a low Aβ42/Aβ40 level, predicts clinically diagnosed AD. Individuals with a rapid change in these biomarkers may need close monitoring for the potential downward trajectory of cognition.Highlights
We discuss a multi‐ethnic, urban community study of elderly individuals.
The study consisted of a longitudinal assessment over 6 years with repeated clinical assessments.
The study used blood‐based biomarkers as predictors of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
Organocatalyst Supported by a Single‐Atom Support Accelerates both Electrodes used in the Chlor‐Alkali Industry via Modification of Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Zhu Chenxi , Li Wen‐Hao , Zheng Xusheng , Wang Dingsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConsuming one of the largest amount of electricity, the chlor‐alkali industry supplies basic chemicals for society, which mainly consists of two reactions, hydrogen evolution (HER) and chlorine evolution reaction (CER). Till now, the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst applied in this field is still the dimensional stable anode (DSA), which consumes a large amount of noble metal of Ru and Ir. It is thus necessary to develop new types of catalysts. In this study, an organocatalyst anchored on the single‐atom support (SAS) is put forward. It exhibits high catalytic efficiency towards both HER and CER with an overpotential of 21 mV and 20 mV at 10 mA cm−2. With this catalyst on both electrodes, the energy consumption is cut down by 1.2 % compared with the commercial system under industrial conditions. Based on this novel catalyst and the high activity, the mechanism of modifying non‐covalent interaction is demonstrated to be reliable for the catalyst's design. This work not only provides efficient catalysts for the chlor‐alkali industry but also points out that the SACs can also act as support, providing new twists for the development of SACs and organic molecules in the next step.
Polyethylene Upgrading to Liquid Fuels Boosted by Atomic Ce Promoters
Authors: Wu Xueting , Wang Xiao , Zhang Lingling , Wang Xiaomei , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrocracking catalysis is a key route to plastic waste upgrading, but the acid site‐driven C−C cleavage step is relatively sluggish in conventional bifunctional catalysts, dramatically effecting the overall efficiency. We demonstrate here a facile and efficient way to boost the reactivity of acid sites by introducing Ce promoters into Pt/HY catalysts, thus achieving a better metal‐acid balance. Remarkably, 100 % of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) can be converted with 80.9 % selectivity of liquid fuels over the obtained Pt/5Ce‐HY catalysts at 300 °C in 2 h. For comparison, Pt/HY only gives 38.8 % of LDPE conversion with 21.3 % selectivity of liquid fuels. Through multiple experimental studies on the structure‐performance relationship, the Ce species occupied in the supercage are identified as the actual active sites, which possess remarkably‐improved adsorption capability towards short‐chain intermediates.
An alarming tendency towards freshwater mussel misidentification in scientific works may bias endangered and invasive species management
Authors: Bolotov Ivan N. , Konopleva Ekaterina S. , Vikhrev Ilya V. , Kondakov Alexander V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFreshwater mussels (order Unionida) are a popular group for a wide array of non‐taxonomic research driven by questions related to their functions in ecosystems, to relationships among species, to biogeochemical and morphometric patterns of certain species and others. Valid taxonomy and correct species identification are key requirements for all of these aspects. However, species‐level identification of representatives from this group is a rather complicated task and should be based on an integrative approach, combining DNA sequences, morphological and anatomical investigation and biogeographical estimates.This article reconsiders a selection of non‐taxonomic scientific works (N = 25), containing misidentified occurrences of freshwater mussel species. The dataset contains records of the endangeredMargaritifera margaritifera(endemic to eastern North America and Europe) from the Philippines and West Africa, as well as occurrences of the NearcticGonidea angulatafrom West Africa and the Middle East. Several Palearctic and Nearctic unionid species were erroneously reported from the Indus River, Pakistan. Subfossil shells of the nativeSimpsonellasp. from a prehistoric site in the Philippines were misidentified as the invasiveSinanodonta woodianathat was introduced to the islands in the 20th century. Samples of the tropical lineage ofS. woodianafrom Indonesia were mistaken for the nativePilsbryoconcha exilis, and vice versa. Salinity tolerance and morphometric characteristics of the estuarine clamGeloinasp. (Cyrenidae) from Sumatra were examined, but these data were published as belonging to the strictly freshwaterS. woodiana.It is clear that this information, being reused by researchers, conservationists and stakeholders, will lead to incorrect conclusions on the range, status, biogeochemistry, morphometry and ecological tolerance of certain freshwater mussel taxa, including invasive and endangered species (the so‐called ‘error cascades’ in biological sciences caused by ‘bad taxonomy’).To reduce the growing body of literature containing misidentifications of the Unionida taxa, practical recommendations are proposed for researchers, who include freshwater mussels in non‐taxonomic surveys, as well as for journal editors dealing with articles that focus on these animals.
Innervation and osteoclast distribution in the inferior pharyngeal jaw of the cichlid Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Imura Kosuke , Takeda Akihito , Endo Masato , Funakoshi Kengo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn addition to an oral jaw, cichlids have a pharyngeal jaw, which is used for crushing and processing captured prey. The teeth and morphology of the pharyngeal jaw bones adapt to changes in prey in response to changes in the growing environment. This study aimed to explore the possible involvement of the peripheral nervous system in remodeling the cichlid pharyngeal jaw by examining the innervation of the inferior pharyngeal jaw in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Vagal innervation was identified in the Nile tilapia inferior pharyngeal jaw. Double staining with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and immunostaining with the neuronal markers, protein gene product 9.5, and acetylated tubulin, revealed that osteoclasts, which play an important role in remodeling, were distributed in the vicinity of the nerves and were in apposition with the nerve terminals. This contact between peripheral nerves and osteoclasts suggests that the peripheral nervous system may play a role in remodeling the inferior pharyngeal jaw in cichlids.
Rapid and Practical Synthesis of gem‐Dibromoalkanes from Aldehydes by Tribromide Reagent
Authors: Ren Bowen , Xu Jianeng , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2024

Abstractgem‐Dibromoalkanes are important synthetic building block in organic chemistry, but their preparation is still troublesome. Herein, we have developed a simple and practical protocol for the synthesis of gem‐dibromoalkanes from aldehydes using tetrabutylammonium tribromide and triphenyl phosphite. A variety of alkyl and aromatic aldehydes can be transformed into the corresponding products within 10 minutes. This protocol is also applicable to alcohols, and the configuration of chiral alcohol is inverted during the process with excellent enantiopurity.
One third of physicians discuss exit strategies with patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results from nationwide surveys among German and Polish neurologists
Authors: Barć Krzysztof , Finsel Julia , Helczyk Olga , Baader Susanne , Aho‐Özhan Helena , Ludolph Albert C. , Lulé Dorothée , Kuźma‐Kozakiewicz Magdalena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines neurologists’ approaches to exit strategies (ESs), such as euthanasia and physician‐assisted suicide, in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (PALS) in two European countries.MethodsIn a nationwide anonymous survey, we collected responses from 237 Polish and 228 German neurologists, focusing on their practices and beliefs about ESs, as well as their viewpoints on life‐sustaining measures (LSMs) (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, non‐invasive, and invasive ventilation). To analyze the data, we employed statistical methods, including Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, chi‐square tests, Spearman's rank correlation, and multiple regression analysis.ResultsOne third of the neurologists initiated the discussion about ESs with PALS. Half were ready to have this conversation upon patient's request. Age, gender, religiousness, and nationality were closely associated with this approach. One in 9 neurologists received a request to terminate an LSM, whereas 1 in 10 to implement an ES. German neurologists and palliative care trainees acquired both demands more commonly. Neurologists quoted a low quality of life, decreased mood, and being a burden to the family/closest ones as primary reasons for a wish to hasten death among PALS. Although the majority expressed a willingness to terminate an LSM at a request of the patient, most opposed the legalization of euthanasia. Younger and less religious individuals were more likely to favor accepting euthanasia.ConclusionNeurologists vary significantly in their approaches to terminal care. Complex relationships exist among personal indices, shared beliefs, and current practices.
Motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are affected by temperature: A controlled pilot study
Authors: Huang Ting , Wang Xi‐Xi , Gao Chen‐Yu , Zhao Jin‐Ying , Pan Rong‐Rong , Jin Hui‐Hui , Tian You‐Yong , Zhang Ying‐Dong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe motor symptoms (MS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been affecting the quality of life in patients. In clinical practice, most patients with PD report that MS are more severe in winter than in summer, and hyperthermic baths (HTB) could temporarily improve MS. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seasonal variation and aquatic thermal environment of HTB on the MS of PD.Patients and methodsA cross‐sectional study of 203 Chinese Han patients was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze seasonal variation in MS relative to baseline data (sex, age at onset, duration, season of birth, Hoehn and Yahr stage, family history, levodopa equivalent dose, and the effect of HTB on MS). Ten subjects participated in the HTB study, and one patient dropped out. The paired Wilcoxon rank test was used to assess the differences in the Movement Disorder Society‐United Parkinson's disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) part III motor examination total scores and the modified Webster Symptoms Score between non‐HTB and before HTB and between non‐HTB and after HTB.ResultsThe improvement of MS after HTB was an independent risk factor for seasonal variation in MS (OR, 25.203; 95% CI, 10.951–58.006; p = .000). Patients with PD had significant improvements in the MDS‐UPDRS part III motor examination total scores, especially in bradykinesia (p = .043), rigidity (p = .008), posture (p = .038), and rest tremor amplitude (p = .047).ConclusionSeasonal variation in temperature and water temperature of HTB may affect MS in some patients with PD. Simple HTB could be recommended as physiotherapy for patients with PD who report temperature‐sensitive MS.
Prediction of poststroke cognitive impairment based on the systemic inflammatory response index
Authors: Chu Min , Luo Yunhe , Wang Daosheng , Liu Zhuohang , Niu Huicong , Wu Xuechun , Wang Yong , Lin Jixian , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a prevalent complication among stroke survivors. Although the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) has been shown to be a reliable predictor of a variety of inflammatory diseases, the association between the SIRI and PSCI is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SIRI and PSCI, and to design a nomogram to predict the risk of PSCI in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.MethodsA total of 1342 patients with AIS were included in the study. Using the Mini‐Mental State Examination scale, patients were separated into PSCI and non‐PSCI groups within 2 weeks of stroke. Clinical data and SIRI values were compared between the groups. We developed the optimal nomogram for predicting PSCI using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, the nomogram was validated using the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsIn total, 690 (51.4%) patients were diagnosed with PSCI. After adjusting for potential confounders, the SIRI (OR = 1.226, OR: 1.095–1.373, p < .001) was shown to be an independent risk factor for PSCI in the logistic regression analysis. The nomogram based on patient gender, age, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, education, diabetes mellitus, and SIRI had good discriminative ability with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.716. The calibration curve and Hosmer–Lemeshow test revealed excellent predictive accuracy for the nomogram. Finally, the DCA showed the good clinical utility of the model.ConclusionIncreased SIRI on admission is correlated with PSCI, and the nomogram built with SIRI as one of the predictors can help identify PSCI early.
Distinct changes in brain metabolism in patients with dementia and hearing loss
Authors: Han Ji Hyuk , Lee Sangwon , Bae Seong Hoon , Yun Mijin , Ye Byung Seok , Jung Jinsei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies have reported that hearing loss (HL) is associated with dementia, although the mechanistic underpinnings remain elusive. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in brain metabolism in patients with HL and different types of dementia.MethodsPatients with cognitive impairment (CI) and HL treated at the university‐based memory clinic from May 2016 to October 2021 were included. In total, 108 patients with CI and HL prospectively underwent audiometry, neuropsychological test, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Twenty‐seven individuals without cognitive impairment and hearing loss were enrolled as a control group. Multivariable regression was performed to evaluate brain regions correlated with each pathology type after adjusting for confounding factors.ResultsMultivariable regression analyses revealed that Alzheimer's disease‐related CI (ADCI) was associated with hypometabolic changes in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), right middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and bilateral medial temporal lobe. Lewy body disease‐related CI (LBDCI) and vascular CI were associated with hypermetabolic and hypometabolic changes in the ascending auditory pathway, respectively. In the pure ADCI group, the degree of HL was positively associated with abnormal increase of brain metabolism in the right MTG, whereas it was negatively associated with decreased brain metabolism in the right STG in the pure LBDCI group.ConclusionEach dementia type is associated with distinct changes in brain metabolism in patients with HL.