bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and comparative evaluation of HZSM-5 and NaZSM-5 zeolites in the catalytic dehydration of glycerol
Authors: Roldão Caroline Pereira , Filho Rui dos Santos Ferreira , Fernandes Juliana Oliveira , De Souza Taiana Denardi , Silva Edilene Deise da , Rosa Cezar Augusto Da , MORTOLA VANESSA BONGALHARDO 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Glycerol is one of the main byproducts of the transesterification reaction involved in biodiesel production. Due to its low added value, several efforts have been made to make it more economically valuable, including catalytic processes to convert it into products of higher economic benefit, such as acrolein and allyl alcohol. This research work presents the synthesis of two zeolites with different superficial acid strengths, HZSM-5 and NaZSM-5. The catalytic performance of both materials was evaluated in the dehydration of glycerol reaction. X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, thermogravimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to characterize the structural and superficial properties. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 indicated a predominance of weak acid sites in NaZSM-5 and intermediate and strong ones in HZSM-5. This different acidity properties results in superior catalytic performance of HZSM-5, however both catalysts showed activity in the glycerol dehydration reaction. HZSM-5 catalyst has greater catalytic stability and less deactivation during the reaction. The product distribution showed a majority production of acrolein when HZSM-5 was the catalyst and an accentuated decrease in selectivity in the presence of NaZSM-5.
Cutting-Edge Strategies in Minimal Invasive Left Hemicolectomy for Tumors around the Splenic Flexure: Analyzing the Short-term Outcomes Between Transrectal Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction and Conventional Laparoscopy
Authors: Jong Bor-Kang , Hsu Yu-Jen , Chern Yih-Jong , Tsai Wen-Sy , Huang Shu-Huan , Lai I-Li , Cheng Ching-Chung , You Jeng-Fu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background The short-term outcomes of laparoscopic anterior resection with natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) are favorable. NOSE is, however, rarely used during left hemicolectomy surgeries. We retrospectively compared the feasibility, safety, and short-term results of transrectal NOSE for patients undergoing laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with conventional mini-laparotomy specimen extraction.Methods All patients who received laparoscopic left hemicolectomy surgery between January 2018 and December 2021, including 144 who underwent conventional surgery with specimen extraction through mini-laparotomy and 23 who underwent transrectal NOSE surgery, were enrolled in a single hospital. Surgical outcomes were assessed, including complications, postoperative short-term recovery, and pain level.Results The NOSE group had a shorter operation time, earlier postoperative recovery, a lower degree of pain on postoperative day 1, and a shorter hospital stay compared with the conventional group. In addition, postoperative morbidity was not noted in the transrectal NOSE group but was found in seven patients in the conventional group.Conclusion Laparoscopic left hemicolectomy with transrectal NOSE is a safe and feasible technique that results in quicker postoperative recovery and a shorter hospital stay. The advantages of transrectal NOSE compared to traditional mini-laparotomy in laparoscopic left hemicolectomy are being conducted for the first time in this study.
Identifying Trigger Cues for Hospital Blood Transfusions Based on Ensemble Learning Methods
Authors: Zadorozny Eva V. , Weigel Tyler , Galvagno Samuel M. , Brown Joshua B. , Guyette Francis X. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Traumatic shock is the leading cause of preventable death with most patients dying within the first 6 hours. This underscores the importance of prehospital interventions, and growing evidence suggests prehospital transfusion improves survival. Optimizing transfusion triggers in the prehospital setting is key to improving outcomes for patients in hemorrhagic shock. Our objective was to identify factors associated with early in-hospital transfusion requirements available to prehospital clinicians in the field to develop a simple algorithm for prehospital transfusion, particularly for patients with occult shock.
Methods
We included trauma patients transported by a single critical care transport service to a level I trauma center between 2012 and 2019. We used logistic regression, Fast and Frugal Trees (FFTs), and Bayesian analysis to identify factors associated with early in-hospital blood transfusion as a potential trigger for prehospital transfusion.
Results
We included 2,157 patients transported from the scene or emergency department (ED) of whom 207 (9.60%) required blood transfusion within 4 hours of admission. The mean age was 47 (IQR = 28–62) and 1,480 (68.6%) patients were male. From 13 clinically relevant factors for early hospital transfusions, four were incorporated into the FFT in following order: 1) SBP, 2) prehospital lactate concentration, 3) Shock Index, 4) AIS of chest (sensitivity = 0.81, specificity = 0.71). The chosen thresholds were similar to conventional ones. Using conventional thresholds resulted in lower model sensitivity. Consistently, prehospital lactate was among most decisive factors of hospital transfusions identified by Bayesian analysis (OR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.55–3.37).
Conclusions
Using an ensemble of frequentist statistics, Bayesian analysis and machine learning, we developed a simple, clinically relevant, prehospital algorithm to help identify patients requiring transfusion within 4 hours of hospital arrival.
Triptonide induces apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by activating the p38/p53 pathway and autophagy
Authors: Lou Ruoxuan , Yang Taohua , Zhang Xiaoying , Gu Jianyi , XueLu Jiadai , Gan Danhui , Li Haijing , Chen Yuanhong , Jiang Jianwei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, and 70% of ovarian cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Drug chemotherapy is an important method for treating ovarian cancer, but recurrence and chemotherapy resistance often lead to treatment failure. In this study, we screened 10 extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii, a traditional Chinese herb, and found that triptonide had potent anti-ovarian cancer activity and an IC50 of only 2.972 nM against A2780 cell lines. In addition, we determined that triptonide had a better antitumor effect on A2780 cell lines than platinum chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and that triptonide had no significant side effects in vivo. Further studies showed that triptonide exerts its anti-ovarian cancer effect through activation of the p38/p53 pathway and induction of autophagy to promote apoptosis, which provides a new candidate drug and strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Beyond Inundation: A Comprehensive Assessment of Sea Level Rise Impact on Coastal Cultural Heritage in China
Authors: Chen Zihua , Gao Qian , Li Xiaowei , Yang Xiaohui , Wang Zhenbo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The rise in sea levels, driven by global climate change, poses a significant threat to cultural heritage in coastal regions. Traditional risk assessment methods, focusing on direct inundation, often fail to consider the crucial impact of socio-economic factors, which are significantly vulnerable to sea lever rise. To bridge this gap, this study introduces an innovative Sea Level Rise Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment Model (SLR-CHIA Model), a novel approach that integrates both land inundation and socio-economic aspects. This comprehensive model evaluates potential risks to various types of cultural heritage in coastal China, including intangible cultural heritage, relics, and traditional villages. The study's findings are striking: (1) About 7.79% of coastal villages, 53.94% of relics, and 2.53% of intangible cultural heritage are potentially at high risk in a 100-year sea level rise event; (2) Relics in the Eastern coast and villages in the Southern coast are most vulnerable (3) Different types of cultural heritage rely on diverse principal factors for protection, resulting in varied risk levels under sea level rise conditions. The SLR-CHIA Model provides a vital methodological framework for evaluating cultural heritage risks in other global regions.
Effective Survival Prediction and Evaluation for Cancer Patients
Authors: Farrokh Mahtab , Qi Shiang , Kumar Neeraj , Greiner Russell 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: As cancer is the leading global cause of death, an ongoing challenge is predicting an individual’s cancer progression accurately, to facilitate personalized treatment planning. In deploying individual survival prediction models, a pivotal question emerges: Are we striving to compare survival durations between patients (e.g., ‘Who survives longer between patients A and B?’) or are we endeavoring to estimate a specific patient’s survival time (e.g., ‘How long will patient A survive?’), among other scenarios. This paper addresses this fundamental inquiry and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of such predictive models.
Materials and methods: We consider 9 common solid tumors (brain, breast, kidney, liver, lung, stomach, prostate, thyroid, and urinary bladder) using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. We employ both conventional and advanced machine learning models that predict individualized survival distributions. We consider several different possible goals of a survival prediction model and connect each goal to a specific evaluation metric. We propose modified versions of the mean absolute error tailored to address a query about a patient’s expected survival duration.
Results: Our research involved training multiple models on various cancer types and rigorously evaluating those models using the proposed metrics. We demonstrate that a model might be effective for one goal but ineffective for another, and show that we can determine this based on the measure used. Our findings underscore the importance of selecting an appropriate evaluation measure that is aligned with the primary objective of a study.
Conclusion: This work highlights the need for evaluation metrics that are relevant to the research objectives and identifies which objective leads to which evaluation metric. This research sets a path for future research that seeks to further refine predictive models for oncological prognostication. Keywords: survival analysis, cancer study, machine learning, effective evaluation
Association between teachers’ outdoor smoking attitude and smoking initiation among in-school adolescents in Albania: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Appiah Francis , Fenteng Justice Ofosu Darko , Bediako Vincent Bio , Boakye Kingsley , Boateng George , Baatiema Linus , Ayerakwah Patience Ansomah , Darkwa Joseph Bless , Darteh Andrews Ohene , Salihu Tarif 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The initiation of smoking during adolescence is a critical public health issue with long-term implications for non-communicable diseases. Smoking rates among youth remain high despite efforts to implement tobacco control policies. This study examines the potential influence of teachers' outdoor smoking attitudes on the smoking behaviors of in-school adolescents.
Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2020 Albania Global Youth Tobacco Survey. The study sample comprised 4,042 school-going adolescents aged 13–15, selected through a two-stage sampling methodology. The key outcome and explanatory variables were “smoking initiation among in-school adolescents” and "teachers' outdoor smoking attitude in school" respectively whilst 16 covariates were controlled. At 95% confidence interval and 5% alpha level, logistic regression models were performed to explore associations between the main explanatory variable and adolescent smoking initiation, and outputs reported in odds ratio.
Results
Out of 4,042 participants, 20% of the adolescents had initiated smoking. The study found an association between teachers’ outdoor smoking and smoking initiation among in-school adolescents. In-school adolescents exposed to teachers' outdoor smoking behavouir had a higher likelihood of smoking than their colleagues who were not exposed [AOR = 1.28, CI = 1.05–1.56]. Receiving pocket money per week [AOR = 1.40, CI = 1.01–1.96], finding it easy to buy cigarettes [AOR = 3.46, CI = 2.73–4.39], having a close friend who smokes [AOR = 2.58, CI = 2.11–3.17], and unaware that smoking at public places is prohibited [AOR = 1.61, CI = 1.32–1.95] predicted smoking initiation among in-school adolescents in Albania.
Conclusions
The study underscores the significant impact of teachers' smoking attitudes in school settings on the smoking behaviors of in-school adolescents in Albania. Promoting smoke-free school campuses and increasing awareness of smoking's harmful effects are crucial steps in mitigating smoking initiation among adolescents. The government through the Ministry of Education, Sports and Youth of Albania should enforce stringent policies against smoking in schools, emphasizing the role of teachers and school staff as role models in fostering a healthy, smoke-free environment for students.
Occupancy dynamics of free ranging American mink (Neogale vison) in Greece
Authors: Bakaloudis Dimitrios E. , Thoma Charalambos T. , Makridou Konstantina N. , Kotsonas Evangelos G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Identifying the environmental factors that determine the occurrence of invasive species is essential in defining and implementing effective control campaigns. We tracked American mink (Neogale vison) presence using 150 floating rafts and applied multi-season occupancy models across different spatial scales to identify those factors determining the species’ probability of occupancy, colonization and extinction in Western Macedonia, Greece. We found that increasing values of shrub and rock cover at the micro-habitat scale were positively associated with the species’ probability of initial occupancy, as was the density of medium-sized rivers at the landscape scale. Colonization was found to increase with increasing amounts of shrub and reed cover, however both variables were uninformative. Conversely, the distance from the nearest fur farm was highly informative in predicting the specie’s local extinction probability. Effective control actions may require removal by trapping along rocky or densely vegetated river banks or lake shores located in the vicinity of the established fur farms in the area. Habitat management, although possible, may be difficult to implement due to the specie’s ability to adapt. Finally, fur farms should maximize security and establish an early warning and rapid eradication system in case of future escapes.
Synthesis, characterization and toxicity assessment of chlorantraniliprole nanoemulsion against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)
Authors: Devi Geeta , Jain Karuna , Dhaka Rahul Kumar , Saini Rahul , Saini Shubham , Jakhar Anil , Ahlawat Sushil , Kumar Lomash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Helicoverpa armigera is a highly devastating and polyphagous pest attacking on vegetable crops. Effective management strategies against this pest are crucial for sustainable agricultural production. However, the reliance on the available chemical pesticides under field conditions remains a predominant approach due to their immediate efficacy and ease of application. In this regard, nanoemulsions present a promising avenue for the development of advanced pesticide formulations for efficient pest management. The current research aimed to develop oil-in-water (O/W) chlorantraniliprole stable nanoemulsion using combinations of different solvents (butanol, DMSO and toluene), tween- 80 (non-ionic surfactant) and sodium laurel sulfonate (anionic co-surfactant) to reduce the dose and increase toxicity of chlorantraniliprole as targeted pesticide. Ultrasonication, a high energy emulsification method, is adopted to obtain the particle size in nanometre (nm). The nano size of emulsion is confirmed by Dynamic light scattering (62.43 nm), Scanning electron microscopy (55±5 nm), X-ray diffraction (42.9 nm) and Transmission electron microscopy (22.5±2.5 nm). Stability of synthesized nanoemulsion is confirmed via, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, heating cooling test, and zeta potential. Moreover, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole nanoformulations is evaluated against Helicoverpa armigera and compared with commercially available chlorantraniliprole formulation (18.5 SC). Chlorantraniliprole nanoemulsion formulation (a.i.:12%) is 3.3 times and 2.2 times more toxic than commercial chlorantraniliprole formulation using topical application method and diet incorporation method, respectively. Hence, the present investigation turns out to be a promising strategy for advancement of targeted pesticide delivery systems and resulting more efficient pest management in agriculture.
Investigating Drilling Efficiency: A Study on Indexable Centerless Drilling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Zahoor Sadaf , Ehsan Sana , Raza Syed Farhan , Khan Atif Qayyum , Anwar Saqib , Ali Ahad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Titanium Alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), is highly regarded in the aerospace industry due to its exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. The alloy's low thermal conductivity and high tensile strength pose machining challenges, leading to increased tool temperatures and mechanical stress. The conventional use of solid carbide drills is hindered by substantial tool wear. To improve tool life, prior research has delved into various cutting strategies, ranging from flood cooling to minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), enduring challenges persist. This study introduces an innovative approach, leveraging Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN) coated indexable centerless inserts to bore holes in Ti-6Al-4V under three distinct cutting conditions: dry, flood cooling, and MQL. These conditions are scrutinized across varied feed rates (60 mm/min, 100 mm/min, and 120 mm/min) with a fixed spindle speed of 1200 rpm. The study's primary focus is on key output parameters, including surface roughness (SR), tool life, and cutting temperature. From the parametric and surface topographic analysis, the findings reveal that under the flood cutting approach with a 60 mm/min feed rate, the indexable inserts excelled when drilling Ti-6Al-4V. This combination delivered a better surface quality (Ra = 1.66 µm), extended tool life (27814.27 mm3 material removed and 18 holes drilled), and lower cutting temperature (881°F). Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis corroborates that most common types of wear observed were abrasion, delamination, cracking, and edge fracture.
Integrating Personality Functioning in Brief Psychotherapy for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: George Rojo Shalom , Narayanan Gitanjali , Kandasamy Arun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A large treatment gap exists for substance use disorders (SUDs) in India. Among other factors, personality impairments are widely implicated in the initiation and maintenance of SUDs leading to poor outcomes. Available brief interventions do not adequately address this vulnerability. Longer term therapies are resource intensive and therefore difficult to incorporate in tertiary care settings due to poor treatment provider-patient ratio. Further, trait-based and categorical models have limited application in brief psychotherapies. Moreover, core pathology seen across personality disorders such as the impairments in self and interpersonal functioning present as modifiable characteristic adaptations of more stable personality structures. Therefore, the present article attempts to explore the possibility of integrating the personality functioning model as proposed by the alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) in the DSM-5, within brief psychotherapies for SUDs. Modifications to the routine treatment structure, assessment, formulation and content are suggested with a focus on personality functioning. The clinical utility of the level of personality functioning scale (LPFS) is also demonstrated using a brief case illustration. Further research is required to explore the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing a personality functioning model among patients with SUDs in India.
An Innovative Modeling Approach and Advanced Technique for Fault Detection and Distinction in Permanent Magnet Flux-Switching Motors
Authors: Naderi Peyman , Mikaeeli Shahram , Ehsan-Maleki Behzad , Ramezannezhad Arman 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a Permanent Magnet Flux Switching Motor (PM-FSM) performance analysis in healthy and faulty cases by a mathematical modeling method. A new fault detection and separation technique is described using six search windings (SWs), each obtained by two series search coils (SCs). The goal of the paper is to consider Static, dynamic, and mixed eccentricities (SE, DE, and ME), inter-turn (IT), and PM demagnetization (PD) faults. The style of the induced voltages is employed for the described fault detection/separation, where the IT and PD faults location is possible by using six open-circuit voltage of the search windings. Since each fault has a particular waveform style in the induced voltages of the SWs, the proposed method yields a real-time fast technique. The method is independent of the motor load thanks to the voltage-based approach, where the rotor rotation is the only necessity of the proposed method. Although the method used twelve SCs in the motor structure, distinguishing the various faults and their location possibility are its advantages compared to other SC-based techniques that use fewer SCs. The well-known flexible Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) with adjustable accuracy is used to analyze healthy and faulty motors by a unique model thanks to its flexibility and shorter processing time compared to the Finite-Element Method (FEM).