bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Mortality and Causes after Re-bleed In Patients Having Endoscopy for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Soomro Naeem Ahmed , Jokhio Abdul Rahman , Khan Amjad Ali , Sajid Ali  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Acute Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB), with prevalence of 36 to 172/100,000 natives per year, is a common medical emergency. Mortality rate after UGIB ranges from 4–14% while re-bleeding is evident in 10–30% of these patients. Despite advances in treatment modalities of UGIB, the in-hospital mortality rate remains high and it is commonly due to re-bleeding. However, the causes and frequency of mortality among patients with re-bleeding are not well known in Pakistan.
Objective: To determine the frequency and causes of in-hospital mortality after re-bleeding among patients undergoing endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Military hospital Rawalpindi from December 2014 to June 2015. A total 150 patients aged between 18 to 65 years who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and underwent upper GI endoscopy and re-bleed were included through purposive sampling. Structured questionnaire used to record data. The patients were observed for mortality and causes after re-bleeding in the hospital for about 5 days. Patients who died, the cause of the death was assessed by 2 senior consultant physicians. SPSS version 21 was used for data entry and analysis. Variables like mortality were presented as percentage and frequencies. Effect modifiers like age and gender were controlled by stratification.
Results: The mean age of patients (n=150) was 43.97±12.28 years. Among total cases, 97 (64.7%) were males and 53 (35.7%) were females. The in-hospital mortality rate was 20% (n=30), re-bleed was cause in 12 (40%) while in 18 (60%) cause was other than re-bleed (cardiac, multi-organ failure, neurological, pulmonary, and advanced malignancy). Mortality in male patients was higher (n=18, 60.0%) as compared to female patients (n=12, 40.0%). The highest mortality (n=22, 73.3%) was observed in age group ˃43 years. The association of in-hospital mortality was statistically significant (p value = 0.02) by age but not by gender.
Conclusion: In-hospital mortality after UGIB is 20 %, frequent cause is other than the re-bleed. Male above aged 43 are more vulnerable. Management of UGIB should also focus on optimization of non-re-bleeding causes and other co-morbid related deaths instead of merely maintaining homeostasis and blood transfusions.

Keywords: Re-bleeding, Mortality, Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Upper GI Endoscopy.
Determining the future direction of Curriculum reform process at a Public-Sector University in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Syed Imran Mehmood  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Educational institutions have recognised the importance of evaluating academic curricula to keep up with dynamic changes in the field of medical education. The college of medicine at King Khalid University has acknowledged this trend and embarked on reviewing its curriculum.
Objectives: To evaluate the undergraduate medical curriculum using SPICES model of curriculum evaluation as a tool with the view to plan and shape future curriculum reforms at the college of medicine, King Khalid University.
Methodology: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted eliciting the responses of faculty members and the departmental chairmen regarding the practice of student centred, integrated and non-traditional teaching methods as well as a separate questionnaire for the quality of problem-based learning in practice. The compiled responses from all the respective departments were statistically analysed subsequently.
Results: An average of 43.5% of student-centred learning (SCL), 41% of Integrated teaching (IT) and 19% of Non-traditional teaching (NTT) is being employed in different departments of the college of medicine.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the college of medicine is currently carrying out traditional teacher centred, discipline based and information-oriented teaching along with small chunks of student centred, integrated and problem-based teaching methods. Although the problem-based learning is proportionately very small in practice but in general, its quality is better in the clinical departments as compared to the basic sciences departments.

Key words: Curriculum evaluation, curriculum review, medical education, educational strategies
On Unplanned Educational Activities in the Preschool
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth Muth , Brouwer Catherine E. , Kristiansen Elisabeth Dalby , Pilesjö Maja Sigurd 
Published: January 2024

This article concerns a learning environment in a preschool which includes a preschool teacher and two bilingual children. The article details how an activity of counting is introduced in the course of packing up a game and increasingly turns into an activity of calculation. Thereby the activity engages the participants to demonstrate their competences in terms of language and mathematics rather than (merely) manipulating, arranging and counting objects. The analysis thus exemplifies how, by the use of language as a resource, an interaction in a preschool occasions an activity that may be seen as aiming at a transition between preschool and primary school. Simultaneously, however, it becomes clear that, possibly because this is an unplanned activity, the outcome of this activity may be unequally beneficial for the participants.
Nurses' and Nursing Students' Perceptions Toward People Living with Obesity: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Duval Karyne , Couturier Élise , Laferrière Marie-Claude , Gagnon Marie-Pierre , Gallani Maria Cecilia 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: There is significant and pervasive weight bias, weight stigma, and weight-based discrimination everywhere today, even in healthcare settings. Studies have shown that health care professionals (HCPs) hold negative perceptions toward people living with obesity (PLO), which results in heightened health risks for patients. Nurses play a central role in health promotion and the health management of PLO. Thus, identifying nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO within healthcare practice or educational contexts is paramount to consider further exploratory and intervention studies.
Objective: We aim to review and map nurses' and nursing students' perceptions toward PLO from available literature.
Method: A search of MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and PsycINFO (OVID) will be conducted to identify relevant studies in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, or Italian on nurses' and nursing students' weight bias. The period covered will be from January 1, 2005, onward, including those available up until our scheduled search in January 2024. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening, study selection, and data extraction. Data will be charted according to the study design, the research setting, years and regions of publication, concepts, and use of theoretical models. The results will be summarized and reported, identifying implications for nursing research and practice.
Discussion and Research Spin-offs: This scoping review will inform nursing research and facilitate the development of educational and clinical tools aimed at preventing and reducing weight bias among nurses to promote nursing and interdisciplinary care that upholds principles of equity, diversity, and inclusion.
Anhydro‐2‐hydroxymercuri‐3‐nitrobenzoic Acid
Authors: Whitmore Frank C. , Culhane P. J. , Neher H. T. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Anhydro‐2‐hydroxymercuri‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid

reactant: 211 g. (1 mole) of 3‐nitrophthalic acid

product: anhydro‐2‐hydroxymercuri‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid
Methyl
n
‐Amyl Ketone
Authors: Johnson John R. , Hager F. D. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Methyl
n
‐amyl ketonea

product: methyl
n
‐amyl ketone

product: Methyl
n
‐butyl ketone (hexanone‐2)

product: Methyl
iso
‐butyl ketone (4‐methylpentanone‐2)

product: Methyl β‐methylbutyl ketone (4‐methylhexanone‐2)
ac
‐Tetrahydro‐β‐naphthylamine
Authors: Waser E. B. H. , Möllering H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

ac
‐Tetrahydro‐β‐naphthylamine

product:
ac
‐tetrahydro‐β‐naphthylamine

product: hydrochloride of the
ac
‐tetrahydro‐β‐naphthylamine
Durene
Authors: Smith Lee Irvin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDurenereactant: 3180 g. (3.7 l., 30 moles) of xylenereactant: methyl chlorideproduct: dureneproduct: pentamethylbenzeneproduct: hexamethylbenzenebyproduct: pseudodurene or prehnitene (1,2,3,4‐)
2,4‐Diaminotoluene
Authors: Mahood S. A. , Schaffner P. V. L. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract2,4‐Diaminotoluenereactant: 45.5 g. (0.25 mole) of 2,4‐dinitrotolueneintermediate: sulfate of 2,4‐diaminotolueneproduct: 2,4‐Diaminotoluene
Pimelic Acid
Authors: Snyder H. R. , Brooks L. A. , Shapiro S. H. , Müller Adolf 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPimelic acidreactant: 196 g. (2 moles) of cyclohexanonereactant: 292 g. (2 moles) of ethyl oxalateintermediate: ethyl 2‐ketocyclohexylglyoxalateintermediate: ethyl 2‐ketohexahydrobenzoateproduct: pimelic acidsolvent: Four hundred cubic centimeters of freshly distilled isoamyl alcoholproduct: Ethyl pimelate
Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical
o
‐Phthalyl Chlorides
Authors: Ott Erwin 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical
o
‐phthalyl chlorides

reactant: 148 g. (1 mole) of phthalic anhydride

product:
sym.
o
‐phthalyl chloride

solvent: petroleum ether

product: unsymmetrical phthalyl chloride

solvent: petroleum ether
2,6‐Diiodo‐
p
‐nitroaniline
Authors: Sandin R. B. , Drake W. V. , Leger Frank 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,6‐Diiodo‐
p
‐Nitroaniline

reactant: 325 g. (2 moles) of iodine monochloride

product: 2,6‐Diiodo‐4‐nitroaniline
β‐Naphthylmercuric Chloride
Authors: Nesmajanow A. N. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

β‐Naphthylmercuric Chloride

intermediate: β‐naphthalenediazonium chloride and mercuric chloride

solvent: 150‐cc. portions of acetone

product: β‐naphthylmercuric chloride
2,6‐Dibromo‐4‐nitrophenol
Authors: Hartman W. W. , Dickey J. B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract2,6‐Dibromo‐4‐nitrophenolreactant: 278 g. (2 moles) ofp‐nitrophenolproduct: 2,6‐Dibromo‐4‐nitrophenol
Ethyl α‐Phenylacetoacetate
Authors: Kimball R. H. , Jefferson George D. , Pike Arthur B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl α‐phenylacetoacetate

reactant: 161 g. (1 mole) of dry α‐phenylacetoacetonitrile

product: ethyl α‐phenylacetoacetate
dl‐β‐Phenylalanine
Authors: Gillespie H. B. , Snyder H. R. , Herbst R. M. , Shemin D. 
Published: November 2003

Abstractdl‐β‐Phenylalaninereactant: 25 g. (0.1 mole) of the azlactone of α‐benzoylaminocinnamic acidreactant: α‐benzoylaminocinnamic acidintermediate: N‐acetylhexahydrophenylalanineintermediate: N‐acetylphenylalanineproduct:dl‐Phenylalanine
n
‐Dodecyl (Lauryl)
p
‐Toluenesulfonate
Authors: Marvel C. S. , Sekera V. C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

n
‐Dodecyl (lauryl)
p
‐toluenesulfonate

reactant: 93 g. (0.5 mole) of dodecanol

reactant: 158 g. (2 moles) of pyridine

reactant: 105 g. (0.55 mole) of
p
‐toluenesulfonyl chloride

solvent: petroleum ether

product:
n
‐tetradecyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate

product:
n
‐hexadecyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate

product:
n
‐octadecyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate

product:
n
‐decyl
p
‐bromobenzenesulfonate

product:
n
‐dodecyl
p
‐bromobenzenesulfonate

product:
n
‐tetradecyl
p
‐bromobenzenesulfonate

product:
n
‐hexadecyl
p
‐bromobenzenesulfonate

product:
n
‐octadecyl
p
‐bromobenzenesulfonate

product:
n
‐Dodecyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate
Picolinic Acid Hydrochloride
Authors: Singer Alvin W. , McElvain S. M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Picolinic acid hydrochloride

product: picolinic acid hydrochloride

reactant: picoline fraction, b.p. 128–132°, whereas the checkers used the practical product, Eastman Kodak Company, b.p. 128–134°
3,3′‐Dimethoxybiphenyl and 3,3′‐Dimethylbiphenyl
Authors: Kornblum Nathan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

3,3′‐dimethoxybiphenyl and 3,3′‐dimethylbiphenyl

product: 3,3′‐
Dimethoxybiphenyl

reactant: 40 g. (0.16 mole) of
o
‐dianisidine

byproduct: dianisyl

product: 3,3′‐
Dimethylbiphenyl

reactant: (0.13 mole) of
o
‐tolidine

byproduct: 33 g. of 2,2′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐diamino‐5,5′‐dimethoxybiphenyl
Ethyl β‐Phenyl‐β‐hydroxypropionate
Authors: Hauser Charles R. , Breslow David S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl β‐phenyl‐β‐hydroxypropionate

product: Ethyl α,α‐dimethyl‐β‐phenyl‐β‐hydroxypropionate

product: Ethyl β‐phenyl‐β‐hydroxypropionate
3‐Amino‐2‐Naphthoic Acid
Authors: Allen C. F. H. , Bell Alan 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

3‐Amino‐2‐naphthoic acid

reactant: 167 g. of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid (0.89 mole)

product: 3‐Amino‐2‐naphthoic acid
2,6‐Dimethoxybenzonitrile
Authors: Russell Alfred , Tebbens W. G. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,6‐Dimethoxybenzonitrile

reactant: (2.97 moles) of technical
m
‐dinitrobenzene

solvent: One liter of petroleum ether

product: 2‐nitro‐6‐methoxybenzonitrile

solvent: 500 ml. of hot petroleum ether
l
‐Menthoxyacetyl Chloride
Authors: Leffler M. T. , Calkins A. E. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

l
‐Menthoxyacetyl chloride

reactant: 325 g. (198 ml., 2.73 moles) of thionyl chloride

product:
l
‐menthoxyacetyl chloride
Diphenyldiazomethane
Authors: Smith Lee Irvin , Howard Kenneth L. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Diphenyldiazomethane

reactant: 19.6 g. (0.1 mole) of benzophenone hydrazone

solvent: 100 ml. of petroleum ether

product: diphenyldiazomethane

product: benzohydryl benzoate
o‐n
‐Butoxynitrobenzene
Authors: Allen C. F. H. , Gates J. W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

o‐n
‐Butoxynitrobenzene

product:
m‐n
‐butoxynitrobenzene

product:
p‐n
‐butoxynitrobenzene

product:
p
‐isopropoxynitrobenzene

product:
o‐n
‐hexyloxynitrobenzene

product:
p‐n
‐hexyloxynitrobenzene

product:
m‐n
‐butoxyaniline

product:
p‐n
‐butoxyaniline

product:
p
‐isopropoxyaniline

product:
p‐n
‐hexoxyaniline

product:
o‐n
‐Butoxynitrobenzene
Ethyl (1‐Ethylpropylidene)cyanoacetate
Authors: Cope Arthur C. , Hancock Evelyn M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl (1‐ethylpropylidene)cyanoacetate

reactant: 67.8 g. (0.60 mole) of ethyl cyanoacetate

reactant: 56.8 g. (0.66 mole) of diethyl ketone

product: ethyl (1‐ethylpropylidene)cyanoacetate
n
‐Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Rehberg Chessie E. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

n
‐Butyl acrylate

reactant: 371 g. (5 moles) of
n
‐butyl alcohol

reactant: 861 g. (10 moles) of methyl acrylate

intermediate: methanol‐methyl acrylate azeotrope

product: ethyl

product: isopropyl

product:
n
‐amyl

product: isoamyl

product:
n
‐hexyl

product: 4‐methyl‐2‐pentyl

product: 2‐ethylhexyl

product: capryl

product: lauryl

product: myristyl

product: allyl

product: furfuryl

product: citronellyl

product: cyclohexyl

product: benzyl

product: β‐ethoxyethyl

product: β‐(β‐phenoxyethoxy) ethyl (from diethylene glycol monophenyl ether)

product:
n
‐Butyl acrylate
2‐Methoxydiphenyl Ether
Authors: Ungnade H. E. , Orwoll E. F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2‐Methoxydiphenyl ether

product: 2‐methoxydiphenyl ether

solvent: 600 ml. of low‐boiling petroleum ether

product: 2‐methoxy‐4′‐methyldiphenyl ether

product: 2‐methoxy‐5‐methyldiphenyl ether
2,4‐Diphenylpyrrole
Authors: Allen C. F. H. , Wilson C. V. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,4‐Diphenylpyrrole

reactant: 61 g. (0.26 mole) of α‐phenyl‐β‐benzoylpropionitrile

intermediate: 2,4‐diphenyl‐2‐pyrroline

product: 2,4‐diphenylpyrrole
1‐Methyl‐1‐(1‐Naphthyl)‐2‐Thiourea
Authors: Cressman Homer W. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐Methyl‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐thiourea

product: 1‐methyl‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐thiourea

: 1‐methyl‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐selenourea

: 1‐ethyl‐1‐(1‐naphthyl)‐2‐selenourea
m
‐Chlorophenylmethylcarbinol
Authors: Overberger C. G. , Saunders J. H. , Allen R. E. , Gander Robert 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

m
‐Chlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
m
‐chlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
m
‐Trifluoromethylphenylmethylcarbinol

product:
m
‐Methylphenylmethylcarbinol

product:
m‐tert
‐Butylphenylmethylcarbinol

product:
p
‐Chlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
o
‐Chlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
o
‐Bromophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
m
‐Bromophenylmethylcarbinol

product:
p
‐Bromophenylmethylcarbinol

product: 2,3‐Dichlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product: 2,4‐Dichlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product: 2,6‐Dichlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product: 3,5‐Dichlorophenylmethylcarbinol

product: 3,4‐Dichlorophenylmethylcarbinol
m
‐Chlorostyrene
Authors: Overberger C. G. , Saunders J. H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

m
‐Chlorostyrene

product:
m
‐chlorostyrene

product:
o
‐Chlorostyrene

product:
p
‐Chlorostyrene

product:
o
‐Bromostyrene

product:
m
‐Bromostyrene

product:
p
‐Bromostyrene

product:
m
‐Fluorostyrene

product: 2,3‐Dichlorostyrene

product: 2,4‐Dichlorostyrene

product: 3,4‐Dichlorostyrene

product: 2,6‐Dichlorostyrene

product: 3,5‐Dichlorostyrene
4,7‐Dichloroquinoline
Authors: Price Charles C. , Roberts Royston M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

4,7‐Dichloroquinoline

intermediate:
Ethyl α‐carbethoxy‐β‐m‐chloroanilinoacrylate

reactant: 127.5 g. (1.0 mole) of
m
‐chloroaniline

reactant: 233 g. (1.1 moles) of ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate

solvent: 1 l. of Dowtherm A

solvent: 400‐ml. portions of Skellysolve B

intermediate: 7‐chloro‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐quinolinecarboxylic acid

product: 4,7‐dichloroquinoline
α‐Bromoheptaldehyde
Authors: Bedoukian Paul Z. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

α‐Bromoheptaldehyde

reactant: 285 g. (335 ml., 2.5 moles) of heptaldehyde

intermediate: heptaldehyde enol acetate

intermediate: α‐bromoheptaldehyde dimethyl acetal

product: α‐bromoheptaldehyde
2,3‐Pyrazinedicarboxylic Acid
Authors: Jones Reuben G. , McLaughlin Keith C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,3‐Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

intermediate: quinoxaline

product: 2,3‐pyrazinedicarboxylic acid

reactant: 2‐Methylquinoxaline

product: 2‐Methyl‐5,6‐pyrazinedicarboxylic acid
cis
‐Δ
4
‐Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride
Authors: Cope Arthur C. , Herrick Elbert C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

cis
‐Δ
4
‐Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride

reactant: 196 g. (2 moles) of maleic anhydride

product:
cis
‐Δ
4
‐tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
1‐Chloro‐2,6‐Dinitrobenzene
Authors: Gunstone F. D. , Tucker S. Horwood 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐Chloro‐2,6‐dinitrobenzene

product: 1‐chloro‐2,6‐dinitrobenzene

solvent: petroleum ether (3 ml. per g.)
1,2‐Di‐1‐(1‐Cyano)Cyclohexylhydrazine
Authors: Overberger C. G. , Huang Pao‐tung , Berenbaum M. B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1,2‐di‐1‐(1‐cyano)cyclohexylhydrazine

product: 1,1′‐azo‐
bis
‐1‐cyclohexanenitrile

product: 1,2‐Di‐2‐(2‐cyano)propylhydrazine (2,2′‐hydrazo‐
bis
‐isobutyronitrile)

product: 2,2′‐azo‐
bis
‐isobutyronitrile

product: 1,2‐Di‐1‐(1‐cyano)cyclohexylhydrazine
2‐Ethylhexanonitrile
Authors: Krynitsky John A. , Carhart Homer W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2‐Ethylhexanonitrile

product: 2‐Ethylhexanonitrile

reactant: 286 g. (2 moles) of 2‐ethylhexanamide

product: palmitonitrile
Phenylacetamide
Authors: Wenner Wilhelm 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Phenylacetamide

product: phenylacetamide

byproduct: phenylacetic acid

product:
p
‐methylphenylacetamide

product:
p
‐isopropylphenylacetamide

product: 1‐naphthylacetamide

product: 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthylacetamide

product:
p
‐methoxyphenylacetamide

product: 3,4‐dimethoxyphenylacetamide

product: 2,3‐dimethoxyphenylacetamide
1,4‐Dinitrobutane
Authors: Feuer Henry , Leston Gerd 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1,4‐Dinitrobutane

product: 1,4‐dinitrobutane

product: 1,6‐dinitrohexane

product: 1,3‐Dinitropropane

product: 1,5‐Dinitropentane
1‐Phenylpiperidine
Authors: Bourns A. N. , Embleton H. W. , Hansuld Mary K. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐phenylpiperidine

product: 1‐Phenylpiperidine

product: 1‐
m
‐Tolylpiperidine

product: 1‐
p
‐tolylpiperidine

product: 1‐
o
‐Tolylpiperidine
3‐Benzyl‐3‐Methylpentanoic Acid
Authors: Prout F. S. , Hartman R. J. , Huang E. P.‐Y. , Korpics C. J. , Tichelaar G. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

3‐Benzyl‐3‐methylpentanoic acid

reactant: 113 g. (106 ml., 1.0 mole) of ethyl cyanoacetate

intermediate: ethyl
sec
‐butylidenecyanoacetate

intermediate: 155 g. (0.6 mole) of ethyl 3‐benzyl‐2‐cyano‐3‐methylpentanoate

intermediate: 93.6 g. (0.5 mole) of 3‐benzyl‐3‐methylpentanenitrile

byproduct: bibenzyl

byproduct: ethyl
sec
‐butylcyanoacetate

product: 3‐benzyl‐3‐methylpentanoic acid

byproduct: 3‐ethyl‐3‐methylhexanoic acid
1‐(
p
‐Chlorophenyl)‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propanone
Authors: Coan Stephen B. , Becker Ernest I. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐(
p
‐Chlorophenyl)‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propanone

product: 1‐(
p
‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propanone

solvent: 160 ml. of petroleum ether
Cholesterol, Δ5‐Cholesten‐3‐One, and Δ4‐Cholesten‐3‐One
Authors: Fieser Louis F. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractCholesterol,* Δ5‐cholesten‐3‐one,* and Δ4‐cholesten‐3‐oneintermediate:Cholesterol dibromideproduct: cholesterolproduct:5α,6β‐Dibromocholestan‐3‐oneproduct: Δ5‐Cholesten‐3‐oneproduct: Δ4‐Cholesten‐3‐one
Diethyl Mercaptoacetal
Authors: Parham William E. , Wynberg Hans 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Diethyl mercaptoacetal

reactant: 588 g. (3 moles) of diethyl bromoacetal

intermediate: 500 g. (1.38 moles, calculated as tetrasulfide) of 1,1,1′,1′‐tetraethoxyethyl polysulfide

byproduct: 1,1,1′,1′‐tetraethoxyethyl sulfide

product: Diethyl mercaptoacetal
Diethylthiocarbamyl Chloride
Authors: Goshorn R. H. , Levis W. W. , Jaul E. , Ritter E. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Diethylthiocarbamyl chloride

byproduct: sulfur

product: diethylthiocarbamyl chloride

product: dimethylthiocarbamyl chloride

product: diisopropylthiocarbamyl chloride

product: diisobutylthiocarbamyl chloride
1‐Cyano‐3‐Phenylurea
Authors: Kurzer Frederick , Powell J. Roy 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐Cyano‐3‐phenylurea

product: 1‐cyano‐3‐phenylurea

solvent: 30–40 ml. of petroleum ether (boiling range 40–60°)

product: 1‐cyano‐3‐α‐naphthylurea
N,N′‐Diethylbenzidine
Authors: Rice Rip G. , Kohn Earl J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

N,N′‐diethylbenzidine

product: N,N′‐dibutylbenzidine

product: N‐hexylaniline

product: N‐Propylbutylamine

product: N,N′‐Diethylbenzidine
α‐Naphthyl Isothiocyanate
Authors: Cymerman‐Craig J. , Moyle M. , White R. A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

α‐Naphthyl isothiocyanate

reactant: 16.2 g. (0.08 mole) of dry α‐naphthylthiourea

product: α‐naphthyl isothiocyanate

product: phenyl

product:
o
‐chlorophenyl

product:
p
‐bromophenyl

product:
p
‐biphenylyl

product: β‐naphthyl

product: 9‐phenanthryl

product: 1‐pyrenyl
2,4,6‐Tribromobenzoic Acid
Authors: Robison Michael M. , Robison Bonnie L. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,4,6‐Tribromobenzoic acid

intermediate:
3‐Amino‐2,4,6‐tribromobenzoic acid.

product: 2,4,6‐tribromobenzoic acid
2‐Chloro‐2‐Methylcyclohexanone and 2‐Methyl‐2‐Cyclohexenone
Authors: Warnhoff E. W. , Martin D. G. , Johnson William S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract2‐Chloro‐2‐methylcyclohexanone and 2‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexenoneproduct: 2‐methyl‐2‐cyclohexenoneproduct: 2‐chloro‐2‐methylcyclohexanonebyproduct: 2‐methylenecyclohexanone
1,4‐Diphenyl‐5‐Amino‐1,2,3‐Triazole and 4‐Phenyl‐5‐Anilino‐1,2,3‐Triazole
Authors: Lieber Eugene , Chao Tai Siang , Rao C. N. Ramachandra 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1,4‐Diphenyl‐5‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazole and 4‐phenyl‐5‐anilino‐1,2,3‐triazole

reactant: 35.7 g. (0.3 mole) of phenyl azide

product: Six grams (0.025 mole) of 1,4‐diphenyl‐5‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazole

product: 4‐phenyl‐5‐anilino‐1,2,3‐triazole
2‐Bromo‐3‐Methylbenzoic Acid
Authors: Bunnett J. F. , Rauhut M. M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2‐bromo‐3‐methylbenzoic acid

intermediate: 2‐bromo‐4‐nitrotoluene

solvent: 500 ml. of petroleum ether

product: 2‐bromo‐3‐methylbenzoic acid
1‐Methylisoquinoline
Authors: Weinstock J. , Boekelheide V. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract1‐Methylisoquinolineintermediate: 1‐cyano‐2‐benzoyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolineintermediate: 2‐benzoyl‐1‐cyano‐1‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroisoquinolineproduct: 1‐methylisoquinoline