bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Archive’ is Not an Archives
Authors: Caswell Michelle 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Little of the humanistic inquiry at ‘the archival turn’ has acknowledged the vast intellectual contribution of archival studies as a field of theory and praxis in its own right. This chapter argues that the refusal of humanities scholars to engage with scholarship in archival studies is a gendered and classed failure in which humanities scholars—even those whose work focuses on gender and class—have been blind to the intellectual contributions and labour of a field that has been construed as predominantly female and professional (that is, not academic), and as such, unworthy of engagement. The chapter proposes concrete solutions for bridging this intellectually unsustainable divide through workshops, collaborative scholarship, and interdisciplinary reading clusters that educate humanities scholars about the intellectual contribution of archival studies.
Metadata
Authors: Gitelman Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Beginning with the computational contexts within which the term metadata was initially deployed, this chapter first addresses ways that the idea may have achieved its belated power within the so-called archival turn and then explores its continued currency. If the notion of the archive can point us towards questions of power, truth, and fiction, then the concept of metadata stands to call our attention to matters of control. While suggesting the fantasy of a total description or a total ontology of information resources, the metadata concept helps to support a particular epistemic frame—vernacular, trenchant, inescapable—in which finding ostensibly equals knowing.
The Materiality of Written Textual Forms
Authors: Wiggins Alison 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The functions written texts perform are shaped by and dependent upon their materiality. Meaning is activated through external processes of production and reception that include circulation, annotation, collecting, archiving, performing and, more recently, encoding and algorithmic searching. Texts are not just codes to crack or puzzles to unlock, they create networks and social ties, catalyse relationships, cohere communities, and are intertextual nexus points. This chapter considers how we can conceptualize the diverse material forms of written archival texts as distributed, formal, forensic, and performative, and as both analogue and digital. The examples discussed are reminders that written texts are not static blocks or containers of information, but sites of evolving knowledge. Networked metadata, corpus linguistics, digital photography, textual science, and microscopy give users new ways to encounter and analyse material texts, along with which come the imperative need for training in scholarly and critical archival methods.
The Agency of Archivers
Authors: Ketelaar Eric 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Very seldom users of archives reflect on the agency of the archivist. They simply describe their encounter with the archive. However, the archive is created and recreated by the archivist, through appraisal, arrangement, description, providing access and reference service, preservation and digitization. Each of these practices of archival mediation is discussed in this chapter. The archivist is only one of the many ‘archivers’: authors, clerks, registrars, antiquarians, record managers, keepers, website builders, genealogists, and other users. Each archiver participates in the recursive production and mediation of the archive. In other words: the production of the archive (or archive formation) throughout the continuum happens through interactions by a host of archivers who shape the archive and are shaped by the archive. What, then, is the difference between the archivist and his or her fellow archivers?
Accidentally on Purpose
Authors: Akkerman Nadine , Langman Pete 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Usually to signal a collection of artefacts that ended up together in a format that was not intended to be permanent, the term ‘Accidental Archive’ is generally defined only in the broadest of brushstrokes and rarely problematized. Recordkeeping can be seen as a repressive act, silencing alternative stories of the past, but the discovery of an accidental archive may disrupt received narratives: a trunk collected from a seventeenth-century shipwreck, for instance, may allow alternative stories to rise to the surface. It is the accidental archive that has most disruptive potential, but this potential is disrupted by a lack of consensus regarding its nature. In this chapter, we aim to define the accidental archive that it may exist alongside and yet distinct from four other forms of archive with which it might easily be confused: the asserted, the unintentional, the incidental, and the invisible archive.
From Repositories of Failure to Archives of Abolition
Authors: Beras Karina , Drake Jarrett Martin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Archives constitute a critical component for repressive governments to exercise their dominion and violence against peoples within and seeking to enter their borders. Likewise, people in contestation with the dominion and violence of states rely on archives as modes of resistance. This produces a paradox. How, on one hand, do governments construct archives to constrict populations and how, on the other, do those same populations construct counter-archives to subvert the means of their constriction? This chapter examines this seeming paradox through a more targeted query on the ways in which archives as social processes and technologies factor not only into the punishment paradigm but also in relation to abolitionist struggles in the United States. Ultimately, this chapter makes the case for the centrality of archives in facilitating a future free from prisons, policing, and the logics that sustain them.
Writer–Editors Making the Haitian and Caribbean Archives Talk
Authors: Douglas Rachel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How do we make archives talk? One answer is: through an editor. This chapter examines how the editor often challenges archival gaps and silences in official records. It explores the idea that the editor can be thought of as epitomizing Derrida’s notion of archive fever. Who is the editor? Can it sometimes be the writer himself or herself who tries to preserve everything of their own work in the face of possible annihilation? To try to answer these questions, this chapter looks at several writers from a postcolonial context, whose work is argued to constitute a form of archive itself in the face of natural disasters including earthquakes, hurricanes, landslides, and flooding.
On Family History and Archives
Authors: Clarke Norma 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Archival work lends respectability to the professional historian whose role is to ascertain the truth from sources in which she has no personal investment. Family history, once the province of the amateur, is inescapably personal. Recently it has become a popular genre and acquired respectability. This chapter explores some of the pressures and revelations of a mode of research that depends on memory as well as documentation, on familial dynamics as well as text-based or archival study. It discusses secrets and lies, siblings and multiple ownership of ‘the’ family story, and considers how family history raises questions about truth and subjectivity that are important to history writing of any kind. All evidence-gathering involves choices, not all significant events are documented; the memoir-writer is acutely aware of moving between the known and the unknown, making judgements, crafting a story.
Contact Between Irish and English
Authors: Hickey Raymond 
Published: December 2023

AbstractContact between Irish and English began in the late twelfth century with the coming of the Anglo-Normans, along with some English who settled in the towns of the east coast. The relationship of Irish to English varied over the centuries, with Irish being a superstrate to English in the first few centuries. However, during the Elizabethan period and afterwards, English emerged clearly as the superstrate vis a vis Irish and has remained so ever since. The linguistic effects of the contact between Irish and English is seen most clearly in the historical language shift which took place in Ireland with speakers of Irish in the past few centuries. The aim of this chapter is twofold: first to provide the necessary historical and demographical background to understand the shift and then to use this information as a basis for a more general review of contact scenarios.
Inventing Utopia
Authors: Scholar Richard 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Inventing Utopia in early modern France often meant translating the text. The intensity with which Utopia was translated in early modern France is unprecedented elsewhere. Three French versions appeared in the second half of the sixteenth century alone. These and other early French translations invariably brought More’s text across marked boundaries—of political geography, confessional allegiance, and genre—and relocated it in new settings. At times, too, they may be said to have invented Utopia anew. From the vantage point offered by the first French translations, this chapter suggests that the early modern period witnesses the ‘invention’ of Utopia, in the complex sense that the period lends to that very term by holding in tension two apparently opposing processes: discovery and creation.
Conversation, Formation, and Forms of Utopia in Fin-de-Siècle Socialist Journals
Authors: Hanson Ingrid 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In February 1892, the London-based anarcho-Communist newspaper Commonweal carried an article by German political exile Johann Most, entitled ‘Why I Am a Communist’. In it Most comments that ‘modern Communists do not think of such Utopias as imagined by all those idealists from Thomas More down to Edward Bellamy; and they do not to propose to shape, in advance, the mode of action by the people of future ages’. Six years later, Robert Blatchford, editor of The Clarion, the most successful socialist newspaper in Britain at the time, looks back to More as well as to William Morris and asks, ‘Are we any nearer the realisation of Utopia now than we were under Bluff King Hal?’ This chapter examines the ways More’s Utopia generated and contributed to a variously playful, combative, and defamiliarizing conversation about social equality, communality, and change in socialist newspapers of the late nineteenth century.
Human Rights and/in Utopia?
Authors: Ramiro Avilés Miguel Angel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While exercising due caution because of the risk of treating and discussing human rights anachronistically and because utopian thought has an ambivalent relationship with democracy and politics, it is nevertheless possible to establish a link between Thomas More, his Utopia, utopian thought, and the vindication of rights and liberties. Thomas More collected in his work some of the central themes in the discussion on rights during the Enlightenment: the rule of law, freedom of conscience, the humanization of criminal law, property and resistance to tyranny. This link became stronger and more apparent from the Enlightenment onwards when authors like James Burgh, Thomas Nortmore, and William Hodgson incorporated the language of rights into descriptions of their imagined societies.
Utopia and Architecture
Authors: Morgan Diane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Stress and strain feature prominently in this consideration of two topics: the place of architecture in More’s Utopia and the place of utopia within architecture. For both topics, making space and taking time feature as necessary conditions of possibility for pre-built structures to be left behind and for a novel ‘moment’ to emerge. To what extent can this ‘moment’ be designed and catered for? This chapter identifies peace-building as a major concern of More’s book. The conflict and misery that class-based society produces is clearly depicted. What hope is there that one day people could come together differently, and what role might architecture play in ‘constructing’ such a ‘space’? Such a utopian ‘moment’ might not require another fine building, but might entail the opposite: namely unbuilding to free up space. However, it might well be that utopian practice is an architectonic that we can only represent in any shape or form with great difficulty, if at all.
The Impact of Exercising on Pelvic Symptom Severity, Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength, and Diastasis Recti Abdominis After Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Vesting Sabine , Gutke Annelie , Fagevik Olsén Monika , Rembeck Gun , Larsson Maria E H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether early postpartum exercise is associated with changes in pelvic symptom severity, pelvic floor muscle strength, and diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) from 3 to 12 months postpartum.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 504 participants with and without pelvic symptoms (pelvic girdle pain, stress urinary incontinence, vaginal heaviness) were followed. At 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum, we assessed pelvic symptoms, exercise behavior (by questionnaires), pelvic floor muscle strength (by vaginal palpation), and DRA (by caliper measurement). Based on the 3-months questionnaire, participants were categorized as nonexercisers (n = 105), minimal low-impact exercisers (n = 249), regular low-impact exercisers (n = 117), and high-impact exercisers (n = 32). Between-group differences and within-group changes from 3 to 12 months were calculated using Chi-square tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and Friedman analysis of variance.

Results
At 3 months, no differences in symptom prevalence were seen between the groups. Nonexercisers reported higher pelvic girdle pain severity and had weaker pelvic floor muscles. The within-group analysis showed that pelvic girdle pain severity did not change in nonexercisers or high-impact exercisers, but decreased in minimal and regular low-impact exercisers. Stress urinary incontinence increased in nonexercisers from 3 to 12 months, while it remained unchanged in regular low-impact and high-impact exercisers, and decreased in minimal low-impact exercisers. Across all groups, vaginal heaviness and DRA decreased, and pelvic floor strength increased from 3 to 12 months.

Conclusion
The study indicates that early low-impact exercising is associated with reduced pelvic girdle pain severity during the first postpartum year. Minimal low-impact exercisers also showed a slight reduction in stress urinary incontinence. Conversely, nonexercisers reported an increase in stress urinary incontinence between 3 and 12 months postpartum.

Impact
Physical therapists should encourage women to start with low-impact exercise early after pregnancy.

Lay Summary
This study highlights the positive effects of starting gentle, low-impact exercise early after childbirth to reduce pelvic girdle pain and urinary incontinence.
Measuring Diffusion Over a Large Network
Authors: He Xiaoqi , Song Kyungchul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article introduces a measure of the diffusion of binary outcomes over a large, sparse network, when the diffusion is observed in two time periods. The measure captures the aggregated spillover effect of the state-switches in the initial period on their neighbours’ outcomes in the second period. This article introduces a causal network that captures the causal connections among the cross-sectional units over the two periods. It shows that when the researcher’s observed network contains the causal network as a subgraph, the measure of diffusion is identified as a simple, spatio-temporal dependence measure of observed outcomes. When the observed network does not satisfy this condition, but the spillover effect is non-negative, the spatio-temporal dependence measure serves as a lower bound for diffusion. Using this, a lower confidence bound for diffusion is proposed, and its asymptotic validity is established. The Monte Carlo simulation studies demonstrate the finite sample stability of the inference across a range of network configurations. The article applies the method to data on Indian villages to measure the diffusion of microfinancing decisions over households’ social networks.
Bacterial Mutation During Seasonal Epidemics
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Timilsina Sujan , Abrahamian Peter , Minsavage Gerald V. , Jones Jeffrey B. , Vallad Gary E. , Goss Erica M. 
Published: December 2023

Rapidly evolving bacterial pathogens pose a unique challenge for long-term plant disease management. In this study, we investigated the types and rate of mutations in bacterial populations during seasonal disease epidemics. Two phylogenetically distinct strains of the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas perforans, were marked, released in tomato fields, and recaptured at several time points during the growing season. Genomic variations in recaptured isolates were identified by comparative analysis of their whole-genome sequences. In total, 180 unique variations (116 substitutions, 57 insertions/deletions, and 7 structural variations) were identified from 300 genomes, resulting in the overall host-associated mutation rate of ∼0.3 to 0.9/genome/week. This result serves as a benchmark for bacterial mutation during epidemics in similar pathosystems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Unlocking a Mystery: Characterizing the First Appearance of Clavibacter nebraskensis in Mexican Cornfields
Authors: Flores-López Luis Fernando , Olalde-Portugal Víctor , Vidaver Anne K. , Morales-Galván Óscar , Hernández-Rosales Maribel , Huerta Alejandra I. 
Published: December 2023

The Goss’s wilt and leaf blight is a disease of maize (Zea mays) caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, which was widespread in the last several years throughout the Midwest in the United States, south in Texas, and north to Canada. The bacterium is included within the high-risk list of quarantine pathogens by many plant protection organizations and countries including Mexico. Severe blight symptoms on maize plants were found in different provinces from Coahuila and Tlaxcala, Mexico, in 2012 and 2021, respectively. Twenty bacterial isolates with morphology similar to C. nebraskensis were obtained from the diseased maize leaves. The isolates were confirmed by phenotypic tests and 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing. Two strains were tested for pathogenicity tests on seven hybrid sweet corn cultivars available in Mexico, and the most sensitive cultivar was tested for all the strains to fulfill Koch’s postulates. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on two single loci reveals a remarkable clustering of Mexican strains to American strains reported approximately 50 years ago. The presence of this pathogen represents a risk and a significant challenge for plant protection strategies in Mexico and maize diversity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Characteristics, Outcomes, and Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Macular Hole After Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Bomdica Prithvi R. , Shepherd E. Anne. , Chaturvedi Vivek 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To investigate full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) that develop after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair.

Methods:
Retrospective consecutive case series of patients who underwent RRD repair between 2015 and 2021 and subsequently developed FTMH. 23 patients (23 eyes) were included. All eyes underwent PPV + MP for MH repair.

Results:
The mean age at RRD diagnosis was 62 years and 52% were male. 78% were macula-off RRDs. 14 (60.9%) underwent PPV alone, 7 (30.4%) underwent PPV and scleral buckling (SB), 1 (4.3%) underwent SB only, and 1 (4.3%) underwent pneumatic retinopexy. Median time from RRD repair to MH diagnosis was 116 days. Macula-off RRDs had a significantly lower time to MH diagnosis (mean 154 days, p<0.05) than macula-on RRDs (mean 875 days). 21 MH (91%) had OCT evidence of an epiretinal membrane (ERM). Mean logMAR visual acuity (VA) at MH diagnosis was 1.05 (∼20/224) and significantly improved to 0.66 (∼20/91) at final follow-up (p<0.001). 100% of MHs closed by final follow-up.

Conclusions:
PPV for MH after RRD repair has a high closure rate and leads to significant VA improvement. MH formation after RRD repair may be associated with macula-off detachments and ERM. Macula-off RRDs develop MH faster than macula-on RRDs.
Central Bouquet Hemorrhage. Clinical and multimodal imaging features.
Authors: Ramtohul Prithvi , Au Adrian , Kunkler Anne L. , Bacci Tommaso , Dolz-Marco Rosa , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Yannuzzi Nicolas , Sarraf David , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
To describe the clinical characteristics, multimodal imaging features, and anatomic basis of a distinctive pattern of deep retinal hemorrhages located in the central fovea, a presentation referred to as “central bouquet hemorrhage” (CBH).

Methods:
Retrospective, observational, multicenter case series of eyes with CBH. Multimodal imaging features were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:
Ten eyes from 10 patients (4 women and 6 men), with a mean age of 55.6±21.7 years (range 25–84 years) were included. Underlying etiologies were neovascular age-related macular degeneration (40%), lacquer cracks in pathological myopia (30%), macular telangiectasia type 2 (10%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (10%), and ocular trauma associated with angioid streaks (10%). On ophthalmoscopy, all eyes with CBH displayed a deep retinal hemorrhage with round margins in the central fovea and associated with petaloid hemorrhages radiating in the surrounding Henle fiber layer (HFL). Cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a well-delineated round hyperreflective lesion involving the central foveal HFL/outer nuclear layer (ONL) in all cases. Accompanying hyperreflective hemorrhages tracking along the obliquely oriented HFL were present in all eyes. Resolution occurred in all patients, either spontaneously (30%) or after treatment with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (70%), and was associated with partial visual acuity improvement (from 20/113 to 20/36).

Conclusion:
“Central bouquet hemorrhage” is a novel descriptive term describing a characteristic round pattern of intraretinal blood in the fovea associated with HFL hemorrhage and encountered in a spectrum of macular disease.