bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Index of Engagement in PrEP Care: Evaluation of Psychometric Properties and Predictive Potential
Authors: Meyers Kathrine , Quigee Daniela , Zucker Jason , Carnevale Caroline , Klein Joshua , Kim Tae Y. , Sobieszczyk Magdalena E. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The Index of Engagement in HIV Care is a psychometrically valid 10-item self-report measure with predictive power to classify individuals to higher and lower odds of disengaging from HIV care. Given high rates of disengagement from preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care, we adapted the HIV Index to PrEP.

Methods:
We evaluated the psychometric properties of the PrEP-Index in a cross-sectional validation among PrEP-eligible persons seen in an HIV Prevention Program and conducted exploratory analysis to assess its potential utility as a prognostic tool. The PrEP Index contains 10 items with answers ranging from (1) not at all to (5) extremely. Possible PrEP-Index scores ranged from 10 to 50, with higher sum scores representing higher levels of engagement.

Results:
Study participants were cisgender men who have sex with men, and racially and ethnically diverse (non-Hispanic White = 39.2%). Factor analyses supported the 1-factor structure. Among 347 respondents, 118 individuals (34.0%) were available for predictive validity analysis. The PrEP Index score was positively associated with visit constancy at 6 months (

= 0.2261; 95% confidence interval: 0.0363 to 0.4051). Finally, a patient scoring

45 on the PrEP-Index will be classified as not returning within 6 months (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.65).

Conclusions:
The PrEP-Index is a psychometrically valid and reliable scale that demonstrates potential utility in identifying individuals at elevated risk of falling out of PrEP care by 6 months, the time point by which the majority of PrEP discontinuations occur. The PrEP-Index could be a useful clinical prognostic tool to allow for efficient resource targeting by clinics to improve engagement in PrEP care.
Association of Alcohol Consumption With CD4 Recovery After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in St. Petersburg, Russia
Authors: McLaughlin Angela , Lin Nina , Jiang Wenqing , Lodi Sara , Lioznov Dmitry , Patts Gregory , Gnatienko Natalia , Blokhina Elena , Bendiks Sally , Freiberg Matthew S. , Tindle Hilary A. , Krupitsky Evgeny , Hahn Judith A. , Samet Jeffrey H. , So-Armah Kaku 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Delayed CD4 recovery after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a novel potential mechanism by which alcohol consumption leads to increased morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. We hypothesized that alcohol consumption at ART initiation is associated with slower CD4 recovery.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 2 pooled longitudinal alcohol/HIV cohorts (2014–2019) in St. Petersburg, Russia. Eligible participants initiated the first ART during parent studies; had alcohol consumption assessed by the blood biomarker, phosphatidylethanol (PEth), at the last research visit before ART initiation; and had ≥1 CD4 count measurement before and after initiating ART. Participants were stratified by low, moderate, and high PEth (<8, 8–80, and >80 ng/mL, respectively). We used random-effects piecewise linear regression models to estimate CD4 recovery, defined as CD4 count change per 30 days after ART initiation, by the alcohol group.

Results:
Of 60 eligible participants, median age was 34 years and 28% were female. The median pre-ART PEth in the low, moderate, and high PEth groups were <8, 23, and 232 ng/mL, respectively. After starting ART, the CD4 count increased by 13.60 cells/mm3/mo (95% CI: 0.33 to 26.87) with low PEth, 0.93 cells/mm3/mo (95% CI: −6.18 to 8.04) with moderate PEth, and 2.33 cells/mm3/mo (95% CI: −3.44 to 8.09) with high PEth.

Conclusions:
Among Russians with HIV, we observed faster CD4 recovery after ART initiation in those with low alcohol consumption compared with those with moderate and high alcohol consumption, as assessed by PEth. This analysis provides further evidence for the possible value of alcohol reduction interventions for people with HIV who are initiating ART.
Integrating a Resilience Framework to Assess Implementation of a Novel HIV Care Re-Engagement Model in NYC
Authors: Baim-Lance Abigail , Addison Diane , Archer Norman , Gordon Peter , Duke Sharen , Shubert Virginia , Nash Denis , Robertson McKaylee 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The Bottom Up Project, a collaboration of clinical, community, and academic partners, consists of 7 major steps that leverage a health information exchange, a system for sharing patient health information, with real-time alerts to mobilize peer outreach workers to find and re-engage persons with HIV disconnected from care. Bottom Up faced implementation challenges in its start-up phase and produced effective responses leading to Project maturation, which we explore using a novel implementation science framework incorporating resilience.

Methods:
We conducted semistructured interviews with implementation staff (N = 6) and meeting minutes and protocols document reviews (N = 35). The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and a novel resilience framework guided thematic and process analyses. The resilience framework consisted of the following 3 resilience types: absorptive to cope with adversity, adaptive to adjust as short-term solutions, and transformative to structurally change.

Results:
The Project experienced 20 major challenges, 2–5 challenges per step. Challenges were multilevel and of chronic and crisis intensities. Implementers overcame challenges by leveraging multilevel factors that were absorptive, adaptive (most common), and transformative.

Discussion:
Bottom Up matured by practicing consistency and flexibility. The Project maintained core operations while under crisis-level stress by strategically simplifying or “downshifting” activities. Transformational responses suggest that specific initiatives can catalyze organizational change.

Conclusions:
Bottom Up implementation demonstrates using diverse tactics to respond to challenges, thereby shaping Project development and in turn organizations. Applying resilience to Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research helps build awareness of active and dynamic processes promoting or impeding the growth and success of intervention-oriented Projects.
Decoding Ten Years of Little Penguin Foraging: Bio-Logging Reveals Foraging Patterns with Implications for Climate Change Mitigation and Marine Spatial Planning
Authors: Chimienti Marianna , Chiaradia Andre , Dupuis Benjamin , Joly Nicolas , Saraux Claire , Ropert-Coudert Yan , Kato Akiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtected areas are a widely adopted resource management strategy for mitigating the consequences of global change and preserve functioning ecosystems. Long-term species monitoring programmes, aided by bio-logging technology, provide insights into the extent and spatial variation of areas occupied by wild animals and inform conservation and management. High-resolution GPS-acceleration data offer a more accurate understanding of animal behavior and area use, compared to location-based inference, emphasizing the significance of specific sites amid long-term climate change.We based our case-study on the largest colony of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) located at Phillip Island. Based on a ten-year bio-logging dataset (247 individual tracks), we combine high-resolution bio-logging data from GPS-accelerometer loggers with proxies for resource availability (e.g. Sea Surface Tenperature, thermocline, water turbidity). Using machine learning techniques and Generalized Additive Mixed Models, we quantify the environmental factors determining spatio-temporal variability in foraging effort (defined as hunting time) across different breeding seasons and stages.Little penguins increased their hunting time by reducing spatial displacement (shorter step length) and diving deeper, with a slower increase in hunting effort below 10 m depth. In relation to environmental conditions, penguins increased hunting effort in coastal areas with high turbid and productive waters and decreased effort with increasing Sea Surface Temperature. This gives insights into how these animals allocate effort differently according to shifting environmental conditions.Our analysis offers crucial long-term insights into little penguin area usage in the Bass Strait at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution for management and conservation planning. The Bass Strait is facing intense climatic and anthripogenic pressures, and the findings here on intensity of area usage and strategy shifting according to environmental conditions, are of great relevance for the marine spatial planning currently under development along the coast.Policy implications:High-resolution behavioral information obtained from bio-logging data using GPS-accelerometer tags provides understanding of how species shift strategies in response to environmental variability. This is vital to implement climate-adaptive conservation and management strategies. Given the growing availability of long-term accelerometer datasets within the ecological community, we recommend integrating such high-resolution information into conservation programs.
Toxoplasma gondiiandTrypanosoma lewisiinfection in urban small mammals from Cotonou, Benin, with special emphasis on co-infection patterns
Authors: Etougbétché Jonas R. , Houéménou Gualbert , Missihoun Antoine A. , Gauthier Philippe , Dossou Henri-Joël , Galal Lokman , Dalecky Ambroise , Diagne Christophe , Dobigny Gauthier , Mercier Aurélien 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA growing number of studies has highlighted the importance of co-infections in eco-evolutionary processes underlying host-parasite interactions and the resulting epidemiology of zoonotic agents. Small mammals, and particularly rodents, are known to be important reservoirs of many zoonotic pathogens, such asToxoplasma gondiiandTrypanosoma lewisithat are responsible for toxoplasmosis and atypical trypanosomiasis in human, respectively. Laboratory experiments on rodent models have shown that primary infection withT. lewisiincreases the host susceptibility to other co-infectious parasites, includingT. gondii, following an alteration of the immune system. However, data on potential interactions between these parasites in wild small mammals remain scarce. In this study, we estimate theT. lewisiprevalence in 553 small mammals from four localities of Cotonou city, Benin. They were then combined withT. gondiidata previously collected on the same individuals in order to investigate the influence ofT. lewisionT. gondiiinfection, andvice-versa, using cooccurrence tests and Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Despite quite high overall prevalence (32.5% and 15.2% forT. gondiiandT. lewisi, respectively), we observed a clear and significant segregation between the two parasites. This may be explained by (i) differences in the species-specific susceptibility of small mammal host species to infection by these two parasites, withR. rattusandM. natalensisbeing the main reservoirs ofT. lewisiwhileC. olivieriandM. m. domesticusare the main hosts forT. gondii; and/or by (ii) a possibly high mortality in co-infected animal in the wild. Although dedicated experimental studies are required to confirm this pattern, as they stand, our data fail to support that infection of small mammals by one of these two parasites favours widespread infection by the second one in nature.
Bridging the 3D geometrical organisation of white matter pathways across anatomical length scales and species
Authors: Kjer Hans Martin , Andersson Mariam , He Yi , Pacureanu Alexandra , Daducci Alessandro , Pizzolato Marco , Salditt Tim , Robisch Anna-Lena , Eckermann Marina , Toepperwien Mareike , Dahl Anders Bjorholm , Elkjær Maria Louise , Illes Zsolt , Ptito Maurice , Andersen Dahl Vedrana , Dyrby Tim B. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTWe used diffusion MRI and x-ray synchrotron imaging on monkey and mice brains to examine the organisation of fibre pathways in white matter across anatomical scales. We compared the structure in the corpus callosum and crossing fibre regions and investigated the differences in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse brains versus healthy controls. Our findings revealed common principles of fibre organisation that apply despite the varying patterns observed across species; small axonal fasciculi and major bundles formed laminar structures with varying angles, according to the characteristics of major pathways. Fasciculi exhibited non-straight paths around obstacles like blood vessels, comparable across the samples of varying fibre complexity and demyelination. Quantifications of fibre orientation distributions were consistent across anatomical length scales and modalities, whereas tissue anisotropy had a more complex relationship, both dependent on the field-of-view. Our study emphasises the need to balance field-of-view and voxel size when characterising white matter features across length scales.
Perceptual versus attentional impairments of conscious access: Distinct neural mechanisms despite equal task performance
Authors: Noorman Samuel , Stein Timo , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , van Gaal Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study investigates failures in conscious access resulting from either weak sensory input (perceptual impairments) or unattended input (attentional impairments). Participants viewed a Kanizsa stimulus with or without an illusory triangle within a rapid serial visual presentation of distractor stimuli. We designed a novel Kanizsa stimulus that contained additional ancillary features of different complexity (local contrast and collinearity) that were independently manipulated. Perceptual performance on the Kanizsa stimulus (presence vs. absence of an illusion) was equated between the perceptual (masking) and attentional (attentional blink) manipulation to circumvent common confounds related to conditional differences in task performance. We trained and tested classifiers on electroencephalogram (EEG) data to reflect the processing of specific stimulus features, with increasing levels of complexity. We show that late stages of processing (∼200-250 ms), reflecting the integration of complex stimulus features (collinearity, illusory triangle), were impaired by masking but spared by the attentional blink. In contrast, decoding of local contrast (the spatial arrangement of stimulus features) was observed early in time (∼80 ms) and was left largely unaffected by either manipulation. These results replicate previous work showing that feedforward processing is largely preserved under both perceptual and attentional impairments. Crucially however, under matched levels of performance, only attentional impairments left the processing of more complex visual features relatively intact, likely related to spared lateral and local feedback processes during inattention. These findings reveal distinct neural mechanisms associated with perceptual and attentional impairments and thus contribute to a comprehensive understanding of distinct neural stages leading to conscious access.
SydR, a redox-sensing MarR-type regulator ofSinorhizobium meliloti, is crucial for symbiotic infection ofMedicago truncatularoots
Authors: Nazaret Fanny , Farajzadeh Davoud , Mejias Joffrey , Pacoud Marie , Cosi Anthony , Frendo Pierre , Alloing Geneviève , Mandon Karine 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTRhizobia associate with legumes and induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. The regulation of bacterial redox state plays a major role in symbiosis andReactiveOxygenSpecies (ROS) produced by the plant are known to activate signaling pathways. However, only a few redox-sensing transcriptional regulators (TRs) have been characterized in the microsymbiont. Here, we describe SydR, a novel redox-sensing TR ofS. melilotithat is essential for the establishment of symbiosis withMedicago truncatula. SydR, a MarR-type TR, represses the expression of the adjacent gene SMa2023 in growing cultures, and this repression is alleviated by NaOCl,tert-butyl, or H2O2treatment. Gels shift assays strongly suggest that SydR binds toTATCGCGATAmotif in thesydR-SMa2023 intergenic region in a redox-dependent manner. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that the oxidative inhibition of SydR involves the formation of an intermolecular C16-C16 disulfide bond. The inactivation ofsydRdid not alter the sensitivity ofS. melilotito NaOCl,tert-butyl, or H2O2, nor did it affect the response to oxidants of the roGFP2-Orp1 redox biosensor expressed within bacteria. However,in planta, ΔsydRmutation impaired the formation of root nodules. Microscopic observations and analyses of marker gene expression showed that the ΔsydRmutant is arrested at an early stage of the bacterial infection process. Altogether, these results demonstrated that SydR is a redox sensing MarR-type TR that plays a key role in the regulation of symbiosis withM. truncatula.IMPORTANCEThe nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes has an important ecological role in the nitrogen cycle, contributes to nitrogen enrichment of soils, and can improve plant growth in agriculture. This interaction is initiated in the rhizosphere by a molecular dialog between the two partners, resulting in plant root infection and formation of root nodules, where bacteria reduce the atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium. This symbiosis involves modifications of the bacterial redox state in response to reactive oxygen species produced by the plant partner. Here, we show that SydR, a transcriptional regulator of theMedicagosymbiontSinorhizobium meliloti, acts as a redox-responsive repressor that is crucial for the development of root nodules and contributes to the regulation of bacterial infection inS. meliloti / Medicago truncatulasymbiotic interaction.
Developing and validating a new conceptual model for successful implementation of lean construction: SEM analysis
Authors: Bajjou Mohamed Saad , Chafi Anas 
Published: October 2023

PurposeLean construction (LC) consists of very effective techniques; however, its implementation varies considerably from one industry to another. Although numerous lean initiatives do exist in the construction industry, the research topic related to LC implementation is still unexplored due to the scarcity of validated assessment frameworks. This study aims to provide the first attempt in developing a structural model for successful LC implementation.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a Lean construction model (LCM) by critically reviewing seven previous LC frameworks from different countries, defining 18 subprinciples grouped into 6 major principles and formulating testable hypotheses. The questionnaire was pre-tested with 12 construction management experts and revised by 4 specialized academics. A pilot study with 20 construction units enhanced content reliability. Data from 307 Moroccan construction companies were collected to develop a measurement model. SPSS V. 26 was used for Exploratory Factor Analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS version 23. Finally, a structural equation model statistically assessed each construct's contribution to the success of LC implementation.FindingsThis work led to the development of an original LCM based on valid and reliable LC constructs, consisting of 18 measurement items grouped into 6 LC principles: Process Transparency, People involvement, Waste elimination, Planning and Continuous improvement, Client Focus and Material/information flow and pull. According to the structural model, LC implementation success is positively influenced by Planning and Scheduling/continuous improvement (β = 0.930), followed by Elimination of waste (β = 0.896). Process transparency ranks third (β = 0.858). The study demonstrates that all these factors are mutually complementary, highlighting a positive relationship between LC implementation success and the holistic application of all LC principles.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to develop a statistically proven model of LC based on structural equation modelling analysis, which is promising for stimulating construction practitioners and researchers for more empirical studies in different countries to obtain a more accurate reflection of LC implementation. Moreover, the paper proposes recommendations to help policymakers, academics and practitioners anticipate the key success drivers for more successful LC implementation.
The current role and contribution of “behavioural investigative advisers” (BIAs) to criminal investigation in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sigurdardóttir Tinna Dögg , Rainbow Lee , Gregory Adam , Gregory Pippa , Gudjonsson Gisli Hannes 
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The present study aims to examine the scope and contribution of behavioural investigative advice (BIA) reports from the National Crime Agency (NCA).

Design/methodology/approach
The 77 BIA reports reviewed were written between 2016 and 2021. They were evaluated using Toulmin’s (1958) strategy for structuring pertinent arguments, current compliance with professional standards, the grounds and backing provided for the claims made and the potential utility of the recommendations provided.

Findings
Consistent with previous research, most of the reports involved murder and sexual offences. The BIA reports met professional standards with extremely high frequency. The 77 reports contained a total of 1,308 claims of which 99% were based on stated grounds. A warrant and/or backing was provided for 73% of the claims. Most of the claims in the BIA reports involved a behavioural evaluation of the crime scene and offender characteristics. The potential utility of the reports was judged to be 95% for informative behavioural crime scene analysis and 40% for potential new lines of enquiry.

Practical implications
The reports should serve as a model for the work of behavioural investigative advisers internationally.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate BIA reports commissioned by the NCA; it adds to previous similar studies by evaluating the largest number of BIA reports ever reviewed, and uniquely provides judgement of overall utility.