bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Surgery is my only hope’: A qualitative study exploring perceptions of living with obesity and the prospect of having bariatric surgery
Authors: Keyte Rebecca , Mantzios Michail , Hussain Misba , Tahrani Abd A. , Abbott Sally , Strachan Rachel , Singhal Rishi , Egan Helen 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe health benefits of bariatric surgery are well documented; however, the occurrence of weight‐regain after surgery, along with the development of mental health difficulties poses a question of how contemporary psychology could assist to prepare people living with obesity prior to undergoing bariatric surgery. This research explored individuals' (in the immediate pre‐operative and post‐operative population) attitudes, beliefs and experiences towards obesity and their journey to bariatric surgery. Seventeen adult participants (males n = 4; age range: 26–64 years) were recruited and participated in a semi‐structured interview. Twelve individuals participated prior to undergoing bariatric surgery. Five individuals participated in the early post‐operative period (<3 months post‐surgery). People living with obesity displayed high optimism for positive outcomes, with participants hoping that bariatric surgery would be different to previous attempts at weight regulation, with there being a clear shift in the locus of control for weight management from self to healthcare professionals. Whilst this is adaptive, there was the presence of seemingly unrealistic optimism, with many pre‐surgery participants not relaying the realistic possibility of post‐surgery weight‐regain. Despite the optimism individuals feel about bariatric surgery, participants felt that the psychological factors influencing eating behaviours are not being addressed by healthcare. These findings suggest that mindfulness, mindful eating, and self‐compassion approaches should be incorporated into clinical practice to support weight regulation and adaption to physiological changes after bariatric surgery.
Inequalities in the recovery of colorectal cancer services during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a national population‐based study
Authors: Boyle Jemma M. , Kuryba Angela , Blake Helen A. , van der Meulen Jan , Fearnhead Nicola S. , Braun Michael S. , Walker Kate 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimEvidence is lacking on whether there were inequalities in the recovery of colorectal cancer (CRC) services within the English National Health Service (NHS) following the COVID‐19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate recovery according to patient age and socioeconomic status.MethodUsing routinely collected data, CRC patients diagnosed and treated in the English NHS were identified for two timeframes: the ‘initial pandemic period’ (April–June 2020) and the ‘pandemic period’ (April 2020–March 2022). Poisson models evaluated changes in numbers of diagnoses, major resections, adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant radiotherapy use for each timeframe, relative to the equivalent pre‐pandemic timeframe (April–June 2019 and April 2018–March 2020, respectively), stratified by age and socioeconomic status. Tumour stage at presentation was evaluated over time.ResultsSubstantial deficits in diagnoses, major resections and adjuvant chemotherapy were identified in the initial pandemic period, whilst the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy increased. Overall, these deficits recovered. Patients outside screening age, and in the most deprived group, had greater deficits in diagnoses and major resections. There was no evidence of stage migration by June 2021.ConclusionsCRC services showed recovery to baseline during the pandemic. However, evident inequalities must be addressed in ongoing recovery efforts. Long‐term outcomes will fully establish the impact of the pandemic on CRC patients.
National trends and outcomes of total proctocolectomy and completion proctectomy ileal pouch−anal anastomosis procedures for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Chen Sophia Y. , Radomski Shannon N. , Stem Miloslawa , Done Joy Z. , Caturegli Giorgio , Atallah Chady , Efron Jonathan E. , Safar Bashar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study is to assess US operative trends and outcomes of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients undergoing total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch−anal anastomosis (TPC‐IPAA) or completion proctectomy with IPAA (CP‐IPAA).MethodsAdult UC patients who underwent TPC‐IPAA or CP‐IPAA were analysed retrospectively using the 2016–2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Factors associated with 30‐day overall and serious morbidity were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1696 patients were identified, with 958 patients (56.5%) undergoing TPC‐IPAA and 738 (43.5%) undergoing CP‐IPAA. A greater proportion of TPC‐IPAAs were performed each year (except in 2019) compared to CP‐IPAAs over the study period (P trend <0.001). Unadjusted analysis showed comparable rates of overall (20.8% vs. 24.4%, P = 0.076) and serious morbidity (14.3% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.352) between TPC‐IPAA and CP‐IPAA patients. Robotic TPC‐IPAA had no differences in complications compared to laparoscopic and open approaches. Robotic CP‐IPAA had higher anastomotic leak rates and longer hospital length of stay compared to laparoscopic and open approaches. Obesity was associated with increased odds of overall and serious morbidity for patients who underwent TPC‐IPAA. Steroid/immunosuppressive therapy was associated with increased odds of overall and serious morbidity for patients who underwent CP‐IPAA.ConclusionsObese patients should be informed of their increased morbidity risk and offered counselling on weight loss prior to surgery when feasible. Patients on steroid/immunosuppressive therapy within 30 days preoperatively should not undergo CP‐IPAA or should delay surgery until they can be safely off those medications.
Realizing “30 × 30” in India: The potential, the challenges, and the way forward
Authors: Sengupta Asmita , Bhan Manan , Bhatia Saloni , Joshi Atul , Kuriakose Shyama , Seshadri K. S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOf the goals and targets specified by the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Target 3, often referred to as “30 × 30,” has garnered widespread attention globally. In this paper, we critique India's potential to meet this target. We find that with its vast network of ecosystems that are under some form of protection and through the recognition of other effective area‐based conservation measures sites, India has the potential to meet the quantitative target of conserving and managing at least 30% of its area by 2030. However, the qualitative attributes of the target might be more difficult to realize owing to several challenges, such as inadequate landscape connectivity, insufficient representation of habitats in the current protected area model, and the exacerbation of socioeconomic vulnerabilities of resource‐dependent communities. To achieve strategic, inclusive, and equitable conservation, we suggest a four‐pronged approach involving landscape‐level biodiversity conservation, socially just and collaborative safeguarding of biodiversity, and relevant policy (re)formulation, informed and underlain by long‐term research and impact monitoring. Although we focus on India, the issues we discuss are of broader relevance, especially for countries across the Global South that are also likely to be significantly impacted by the implementation of the target.
Training intensity of robot‐assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Jin Li Hua , Jeon Min Soo , Kim Min Hwan , Yang Shin‐Seung , Sohn Min Kyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimWe compared three different intensities of robot‐assisted gait training (RAGT) for achieving favourable outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis study was conducted using a randomized controlled, single‐blind design. Thirty children (19 males and 11 females; mean age 6 years 1 month, SD 2 years) with CP classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II and III were assigned to three different RAGT intensity groups: high‐intensity (fastest walking speed and lowest body weight support [BWS]), low‐intensity (slowest speed and highest BWS), and comfortable intensity (intermediate speed and intermediate BWS). The RAGT intervention was performed three times a week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included the 88‐item Gross Motor Function Measure, stability index, spatiotemporal parameters of gait analysis, paediatric functional independence measure, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.ResultsThe 88‐item Gross Motor Function Measure was significantly improved after training in the high‐intensity (D Δ8.3 ± 15.6; E Δ3.8 ± 4.1) and comfortable intensity (D Δ2.9 ± 3.1; E Δ1.2 ± 2.0) groups, whereas gait speed was improved in the comfortable intensity group, without statistically significant group differences. Only the low‐intensity group showed improvement on the stability index (Δ −0.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.05). Everyday functional performance significantly improved in all three groups, with the comfortable intensity group showing the greatest improvement.InterpretationDifferent training intensities produced improvement in different areas; individualized RAGT intensity adjustment is therefore needed based on the rehabilitation goal.
Artificial intelligence for the practical assessment of nutritional status in emergencies
Authors: Watkins Ben , Odallo Lameck , Yu Jenny 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a novel method for detecting child malnutrition based on artificial intelligence and facial photography. Estimates of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in children are critical for rapid emergency responses. However, the two traditional measurement methods, mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight‐for‐height (WFH), are impractical in conflict and catastrophic disaster situations. They require well‐trained enumerators, cumbersome equipment, and close supervision. The Method for Extremely Rapid Observation of Nutritional Status (MERON) addresses the problem, using simple facial photographs. Facial features are extracted to predict Body Mass Index (BMI) in adults and Weight for Height Z Score (WFHZ) in children under five. MERON correctly predicts adult BMI classification with 78% accuracy. A variant of the model, trained on a sample of 3167 children in Kenya, successfully classified 60% of cases. On most measures, MERON was easier and more culturally acceptable to use than the traditional measurement methods. If MERON were to be trained and validated on a larger sample, with more extreme cases, it would provide a practical solution to a recurrent humanitarian problem.
Phygital luxury experiences. A correspondence analysis on retail technologies
Authors: Guzzetti Alice , Crespi Roberta , Belvedere Valeria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBeliefs play a prominent role in consumer attitudes toward technology. Hence, the interplay between affective and cognitive perceptions results in approach or avoidance behaviours. This study examines how phygital interactive in‐store technologies are perceived in the specific context of luxury retail by providing a holistic picture of the characteristics consumers link to technological applications. Employing correspondence analysis, we highlight the contribution of the affective and cognitive dimensions of beliefs to technology evaluation, both in positive and negative terms. By differentiating between respondents who had already tried the technology and those who had not, the findings reveal how negative bias, derived from a lack of experience, results in negative evaluations; while previous usage of the technology positively impacts technology assessment. The results provide an outline of a valuable customer in‐store experience enriched by phygital devices, showing how technology's distinct features attract consumers, and how these perceptions can be leveraged by the retailer to enhance the retail experience.
Taipan snake venom time has high sensitivity for lupus anticoagulants in non‐anticoagulated, triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome patients
Authors: Moore Gary W. , Platton Sean , Yartey Nada , Foxton Eleanor , White Danielle , MacDonald Stephen G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are the mainstay assays in lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection yet they have limitations, particularly in relation to interferences and specificity. The recently validated Taipan snake venom time (TSVT) screening with ecarin time (ET) confirmatory assays overcome many of those limitations due to the innate specificity engendered from direct prothrombin activation, and insensitivity to the effects of vitamin K antagonists (VKA). The present study aimed to further evidence diagnostic utility of TSVT/ET by performing them in samples from 116 nonanticoagulated patients with established triple‐positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).MethodsSamples were identified in three expert centres who performed dRVVT, APTT and solid phase antiphospholipid antibody assays with reagents from a variety of manufacturers. All samples additionally received TSVT/ET analysis using standardised reagents.ResultsNinety seven of 116 (83.6%) were dRVVT‐ and APTT‐positive, 85/97 (87.6%) of which were TSVT/ET‐positive, 9/116 (7.8%) were dRVVT‐positive only, 6 of which were TSVT/ET‐positive, and 10/116 (8.6%) were APTT‐positive only, 5 of which were TSVT/ET‐positive. 96/116 TSVT/ET‐positivity returned a high sensitivity for LA of 82.8%. Low coefficients of determination revealed weak relationships between LA potency and anticardiolipin and anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibody titres for all three LA assays.ConclusionsTSVT/ET has high sensitivity for the clinically significant LA found in triple positive APS patients. TSVT/ET can establish multiple LA assay positivity in nonanticoagulated patients negative for one of dRVVT or APTT, and is the only assay pairing insensitive to VKAs, the recommended anticoagulation for APS.
Development of a list of Australian potentially inappropriate medicines using the Delphi technique
Authors: Wang Kate N. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher D. , Sanfilippo Frank , Page Amy T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder people are at high risk of medicines‐related harms. otentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) list has been developed to assist clinicians and researchers to identify medicines with risks that may potentially outweigh their benefits in order to improve medication management and safety.AimTo develop a list of PIMs for older people specific to Australia.MethodsThe study obtained expert consensus through the utilisation of the Delphi technique in Australia. A total of 33 experts partook in the initial round, while 32 experts engaged in the subsequent round. The primary outcomes encompass medicines assessed as potentially inappropriate, the specific contexts in which their inappropriateness arises and potentially safer alternatives.ResultsA total of 16 medicines or medicine classes had one or more medicines deemed as potentially inappropriate in older people. Up to 19 medicines or medicine classes had specific conditions that make them more potentially inappropriate, while alternatives were suggested for 16 medicines or classes.ConclusionAn explicit PIMs list for older people living in Australia has been developed containing 19 drugs/drug classes. The PIMs list is intended to be used as a guide for clinicians when assessing medication appropriateness in older people in Australian clinical settings and does not substitute individualised treatment advice from clinicians.
Struggling in the dehumanized world of COVID—An exploratory mixed‐methods study of frontline healthcare workers' experiences
Authors: Carnesten Hillewi , von Heideken Wågert Petra , Gustin Lena Wiklund , Toivanen Susanna , Skoglund Karin , Jaarsma Tiny , Andreae Christina 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore healthcare workers' experiences of the changed caring reality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sweden.DesignAn online fully mixed‐methods design.MethodsA web‐based self‐reported questionnaire with fixed and open‐ended answers collected data from March to April 2021, analysed in three steps. First, free‐text questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Then quantitative linear regression analyses using models covering stress and coping mechanisms were conducted. Finally, a meta‐inference of qualitative and quantitative data emerged a new comprehensive understanding. The COREQ guidelines were used for reporting.ResultsMeta‐inferenced results of quantitative and qualitative findings show the pandemic was a traumatic experience for healthcare workers. Main theme; When work became a frightening experience in a dehumanized reality, comprised four themes: Entering unprepared into a frightful, incomprehensible world; Sacrificing moral values and harbouring dilemmas in isolation; Lack of clear management; and Reorient in togetherness and find meaning in a changed reality. Qualitative results comprised four categories; Working in a dehumanized world; Living in betrayal of ones' own conscience; Lack of structure in a chaotic time and Regaining vitality together. Subdimensions comprehensibility and meaningfulness were associated significantly with post‐traumatic stress disorder in multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, sense of coherence was the most prominent coping strategy.ConclusionsForcing oneself to perform beyond one's limit, sacrificing moral values and lacking management was a traumatic experience to healthcare workers during the pandemic. Reorienting as a way of coping was possible in togetherness with colleagues. There is an urgency of interventions to meet the needs among healthcare workers who took on a frontline role during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to prevent mental health illness in future crisis.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.SummaryThe pandemic outbreak exposed frontline healthcare workers to unparallelled stress shown as negative for their mental health in several meta‐analyses and systematic reviews. In‐depth understanding on experiences and how symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder relate to coping mechanisms have been scarcely explored. This study contributes to understanding on healthcare workers' experiences and the relation between lower sense of coherence and increased risk of developing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder.Implications for Practice/PolicyThis study might guide how to prepare for resilience in future emergencies.
Inbreeding depression and runs of homozygosity islands in Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed after 30 years of selection
Authors: Cortes Oscar , Cañon Javier , Andrino Sara , Fernanadez María , Carleos Carlos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInbreeding depression results in a decrease in the average phenotypic values of affected traits. It has been traditionally estimated from pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients. However, with the development of single‐nucleotide polymorphism arrays, novel methods were developed for calculating the inbreeding coefficient, and consequently, inbreeding depression. The aim of the study was to analyse inbreeding depression in 6 growth and 2 reproductive traits in the Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed using both genealogical and molecular information. The pedigree group comprised 225,848 records and an average equivalent number of complete generations of 2.3. The molecular data comprised genotypes of 2693 animals using the Affymetrix medium‐density chip. Using the pedigree information, three different inbreeding coefficients were estimated for the genotyped animals: the full pedigree coefficient (FPED), and the recent and ancient inbreeding coefficients based on the information of the last three generations (FPED<3G) and until the last three generations (FPED>3G), respectively. Using the molecular data, seven inbreeding coefficients were calculated. Four of them were estimated based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), considering (1) the total length (FROH), (2) segments shorter than 4 megabases (FROH<4), (3) between 4 and 17 megabases (FROH4‐17), and (4) longer than 17 Mb (FROH>17). Additionally, the three inbreeding coefficients implemented in the Plink software (FHAT1‐3) were estimated. Inbreeding depression was estimated using linear mixed‐effects model with inbreeding coefficients used as covariates. All analysed traits (birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight adjusted at 180 days, carcass weight, calving ease, age at first calving, calving interval) showed a statistically significant non‐zero effect of inbreeding depression estimated from the pedigree group, except for the Postweaning Average Daily Gain trait. When inbreeding coefficients were based on the genomic group, statistically significant inbreeding depression was observed for two traits, Preweaning Average Daily Gain and Weaning Weight based on FROH, FROH>17, and FHAT3 inbreeding coefficients. Nevertheless, similar to inbreeding depression estimated based on pedigree information, estimates of inbreeding depression based on genomic information had no relevant economic impact. Despite this, from a long‐term perspective, genotyped data could be included to maximize genetic progress in genetic programs following an optimal genetic contribution strategy and to consider individual inbreeding load instead global inbreeding. ROH islands were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 10, and 16. Such regions contain several candidate genes for growth development, intramuscular fat, body weight and lipid metabolism that are related to production traits selected in Asturiana de los Valles breed.
Understanding individual differences in computational thinking development of primary school students: A three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Shuhan , Wong Gary K. W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundComputational thinking (CT) has emerged as a critical component of 21st‐century skills, and increasing effort was seen in exploring the development of CT skills in K–12 students. Despite cumulative research on exploring students' CT acquisition and its influencing factors, learners' development of the skill over time and the underlying mechanism that contributes to individual differences remain unclear.ObjectiveTo bridge this gap, the present study aimed to explore the individual differences in CT acquisition among primary school students and how these differences were shaped over time. Specifically, variations in the development of CT across demographics, including gender and learning experience, were explored.MethodThree waves of data were collected from a sample of 322 primary school students (aged 7–12) across 18 months, with a 9‐month interval between adjacent waves. A time‐lagged model was leveraged for data analysis, and control variables were included in the model to strengthen statistical robustness.Results and ConclusionThe results indicate that male students and those who were more experienced in coding tended to have more positive attitudes toward coding. Additionally, coding interest was found to mediate the relationship between demographics and CT, demonstrating that male students and more experienced learners tended to be more interested in coding, which, in turn, contributed to the development of CT skills in later stages.ConclusionThe study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying individual differences in CT development over time. The findings highlight the importance of nurturing coding interest among female students and promoting coding exposure for novice learners.