bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in alcohol-associated liver disease: a retrospective study of 136 571 patients with chronic liver diseases
Authors: Chang Binxia , Tian Hui , Huang Ang , Zhai Xingran , Wang Qiaoling , Han Lin , Jin Xueyuan , Gao Li , Liang Qingsheng , Li Baosen , Lu Yinying , Xie Huan , Ji Dong , Zou Zhengsheng 
Published: January 2024

Background and aimsTo explore the incidence of alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), evaluate possible synergisms between alcohol and well-known risk factors associated with HCC and establish a nomogram to predict alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD)-related HCC risk.MethodsA database of 136 571 inpatients in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2002 to 2018 with chronic liver disease was established. Data were collected by medical records review. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the independent high-risk factors associated with HCC, and then were incorporated into a novel nomogram. Afterward, the new established model was validated using external cohort by receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. For external cohort, 1646 patients with ALD admitted to our hospital from 2019 to 2021 were included. ALD was diagnosed on the basis of a history of sustained heavy alcohol intake greater than 40 g/day for men and 20 g/day for women for >5 years, clinical evidence of liver disease and supporting laboratory abnormalities.ResultsOver the last 17 years, trends showed obviously increases in ALD. ALD-related HCC experienced a significant increase from 5.8% to 30.7%, whereas hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC declined from 77.6% to 52.0%. In patients with ALD-related HCC (5119), 3816 (74.54%) cases had HBV infection, 493 (9.63%) cases had hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, 71 (1.39%) cases were coinfected with both HBV and HCV, and 739 (14.44%) cases had neither HBV nor HCV infection. Drinking years (OR 1.009, 95% CI (1.000 to 1.017)), age (OR 1.060, 95% CI (1.051 to 1.069)), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.314, 95% CI (1.123 to 1.538)), HBV infection (OR 4.905, 95% CI (4.242 to 5.671)), liver cirrhosis (OR 4.922, 95% CI (3.887 to 6.232)) and male sex (OR 17.011, 95%CI (2.296 to 126.013)) were associated with increased risk of HCC in patients with ALD. A nomogram had a concordance index of 0.786 (95% CI 0.773 to 0.799) and had well-fitted calibration curves. These results were successfully validated both in the internal cohort and external cohort.ConclusionThe prevalence of ALD and ALD-related HCC has been increased dramatically. The nomogram model established here with its high accuracy and easy-to-use features achieved an optimal prediction of HCC development in patients with ALD, which can help clinicians to develop an individualised and precise treatment strategy.
Increasing the use of anxiolysis and analgesia for paediatric procedures in a community emergency department network: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Nocera Kelley Mariann , Lynders Willliam , Pelletier Emily , Petrucelli Megan , Emerson Beth , Tiyyagura Gunjan K , Goldman Michael Paul 
Published: January 2024

Prior reports describe the care children receive in community EDs (CEDs) compared with paediatric EDs (PEDs) as uneven. The Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC) initiative works to close these gaps using quality improvement (QI) methodology. Project champion from a community hospital network identified the use of safe pharmacological and non-pharmacological anxiolysis and analgesia (A&A) as one such gap and partnered with EMSC to address it. Our primary Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-Bound (SMART) aim was to increase intranasal midazolam (INM) use for common, anxiety-provoking procedures on children <8 years of age from 2% to 25% in a year.EMSC facilitated a QI team with representation from the CED and regional children’s hospitals. Following the model for improvement, we initiated a process analysis of this CED A&A practice. Review of all paediatric procedural data identified common anxiety-provoking simple procedures as laceration repairs, abscess drainage and foreign body removal. Our SMART aims were benchmarked to two regional PEDs and tracked through statistical process control. A balancing metric was ED length of stay (ED LOS) for patients <8 years of age requiring a laceration repair. Additionally, we surveyed CED frontline staff and report perceptions of changes in A&A knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns. These data prioritised and informed our key driver diagram which guided the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles, including guideline development, staff training and cognitive aids.Anxiety-provoking simple procedures occurred on average 10 times per month in children <8 years of age. Through PDSA cycles, the monthly average INM use increased from 2% to 42%. ED LOS was unchanged, and the perceptions of provider’s A&A knowledge, attitudes and practice patterns improved.A CED-initiated QI project increased paediatric A&A use in a CED network. An A&A toolkit outlines our approach and may simplify spread from academic children’s hospitals to the community.
Mortality and risk factors associated with misdiagnosis of acute aortic syndrome in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Ohle Robert , Savage David W , Caswell Joseph , McIsaac Sarah , Yadav Krishan , Conlon Michael 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionAcute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a life-threatening aortic emergency. It describes three diagnoses: acute aortic dissection, acute intramural haematoma and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. Unfortunately, there are no accurate estimates of the miss rate for AAS, risk factors for missed diagnosis or its effect on outcomes.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort study of anonymously linked data for residents of Ontario, Canada, was carried out. Incident cases of AAS were identified between 2003 and 2018 using a validated algorithm based on ICD codes and death. Before multivariate modelling, all categorical variables were analysed for an association with missed AAS diagnosis using χ2tests. These preliminary analyses were unadjusted for clustering or any covariates. Finally, we performed multilevel logistic regression analysis using a generalised linear mixed model approach to model the probability of a missed case occurring.ResultsThere were 1299 cases of AAS (age mean (SD) 68.03±14.70, woman 500 (38.5%), rural areas (n=111, 8.55%)) over the study period. Missed cases accounted for 163 (12.5%) of the cohort. Mortality (non-missed AAS 59.7% vs missed AAS 54.6%) and surgical intervention (non-missed AAS 31% vs missed AAS 30.7%) were similar in missed and non-missed cases. However, lower acuity (Canadian triage acuity scale >2 (OR 2.45 95% CI 1.71 to 3.52) (the scale is from 1 to 5, with 1 indicating high acuity) had a higher odds of being a missed case and non-ambulatory presentation (OR 0.47 95% CI 0.33 to 0.67) and presenting to a teaching (OR 0.60 95% CI 0.40 to 0.90)) or cardiac centre (OR 0.41 95% CI 0.27 to 0.62) were associated with a lower odds of being a missed case.ConclusionsThe high rate of misdiagnosis has remained stable for over a decade. Non-teaching and non-cardiac hospitals had a higher incidence of missed cases. Mortality and rates of surgery were not associated with a missed diagnosis of AAS. Educational interventions should be prioritised in non-teaching hospitals and non-cardiac centres.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of major adverse liver outcomes in patients with chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Wester Axel , Shang Ying , Toresson Grip Emilie , Matthews Anthony A , Hagström Hannes 
Published: January 2024

Objective
Phase II trials suggest glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1) agonists resolve metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis but do not affect fibrosis regression. We aimed to determine the long-term causal effect of GLP1 agonists on the risk of major adverse liver outcomes (MALO) in patients with any chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes.

Design
We used observational data from Swedish healthcare registers 2010–2020 to emulate a target trial of GLP1 agonists in eligible patients with chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes. We used an inverse-probability weighted marginal structural model to compare parametric estimates of 10-year MALO risk (decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation or MALO-related death) in initiators of GLP1 agonists with non-initiators. We randomly sampled 5% of the non-initiators to increase computational efficiency.

Results
GLP1 agonist initiators had a 10-year risk of MALO at 13.3% (42/1026) vs 14.6% in non-initiators (1079/15 633) in intention-to-treat analysis (risk ratio (RR)=0.91, 95% CI=0.50 to 1.32). The corresponding 10-year per-protocol risk estimates were 7.4% (22/1026) and 14.4% (1079/15 633), respectively (RR=0.51, 95% CI=0.14 to 0.88). The per-protocol risk estimates at 6 years were 5.4% (21/1026) vs 9.0% (933/15 633) (RR=0.60, 95% CI=0.29 to 0.90) and at 8 years 7.2% (22/1026) vs 11.7% (1036/15 633) (RR=0.61, 95% CI=0.21 to 1.01).

Conclusion
In patients with chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes who adhered to therapy over time, GLP1 agonists may result in lower risk of MALO. This suggests that GLP1 agonists are promising agents to reduce risk of chronic liver disease progression in patients with concurrent type 2 diabetes, although this needs to be corroborated in randomised trials.
Direct measurements of the $$^{12}$$C+$$^{12}$$C reactions cross-sections towards astrophysical energies
Authors: Morales-Gallegos L. , Aliotta M. , Gialanella L. , Best A. , Bruno C. G. , Buompane R. , Davinson T. , De Cesare M. , Di Leva A. , D’Onofrio A. , Duarte J. G. , Gasques L. R. , Imbriani G. , Porzio G. , Rapagnani D. , Romoli M. , Terrasi F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCarbon fusion reactions $$^{12}$$

12

C($$^{12}$$

12

C,p)$$^{23}$$

23

Na and $$^{12}$$

12

C($$^{12}$$

12

C,$$\alpha $$
α
)$$^{20}$$

20

Ne play a key role in the evolution of massive stars and in explosive scenarios such as type-Ia supernovae and super-bursts in binary stars. A direct determination of their cross sections is extremely challenging and discrepancies exist between different data sets in the literature. Here we report the results of a direct measurement performed at the CIRCE Tandem Accelerator Laboratory in Caserta (Italy), using $$\varDelta E-E$$

Δ
E
-
E

detectors for unambiguous charge identification. Cross sections were measured in the energy range $$E_{\mathrm{c.m.}} =2.51-4.36$$

E

c
.
m
.

=
2.51
-
4.36

MeV with energy steps between 10 and 25 keV in the centre of mass. To our knowledge these represent the finest energy steps to date. Results are presented in the form of partial and summed astrophysical $${\tilde{S}}$$

S
~

-factors for individual proton- and $$\alpha $$
α
-particle channels. Branching ratios of individual proton- and $$\alpha $$
α
-particle groups were found to vary significantly with energy. Angular distributions, albeit limited to three angles, were also found to be non-isotropic, which could be a potential explanation for the discrepancies observed among different data sets. Further efforts are ongoing to extend measurements to lower energies.
Mapping APIs in Dynamic-typed Programs by Leveraging Transfer Learning
Authors: Huang Zhenfei , Chen Junjie , Jiang Jiajun , Liang Yihua , You Hanmo , Li Fengjie 
Published: January 2024

Application Programming Interface (API) migration is a common task for adapting software across different programming languages and platforms, where manually constructing the mapping relations between APIs is indeed time-consuming and error-prone. To facilitate this process, many automated API mapping approaches have been proposed. However, existing approaches were mainly designed and evaluated for mapping APIs of statically-typed languages, while their performance on dynamically-typed languages remains unexplored.In this article, we conduct the first extensive study to explore existing API mapping approaches’ performance for mapping APIs in dynamically-typed languages, for which we have manually constructed a high-quality dataset. According to the empirical results, we have summarized several insights. In particular, the source code implementations of APIs can significantly improve the effectiveness of API mapping. However, due to the confidentiality policy, they may not be available in practice. To overcome this, we propose a novel API mapping approach, namedMatl, which leverages the transfer learning technique to learn the semantic embeddings of source code implementations from large-scale open-source repositories and then transfers the learned model to facilitate the mapping of APIs. In this way,Matlcan produce more accurate API embedding of its functionality for more effective mapping without knowing the source code of the APIs. To evaluate the performance ofMatl, we have conducted an extensive study by comparingMatlwith state-of-the-art approaches. The results demonstrate thatMatlis indeed effective as it improves the state-of-the-art approach by at least 18.36% for mapping APIs of dynamically-typed language and by 30.77% for mapping APIs of the statically-typed language.
KLRG1 Cell Depletion as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Patients with Mature T-Cell Lymphoma Subtypes
Authors: Assatova Bimarzhan , Willim Robert , Trevisani Christopher , Haskett Garrett , Kariya Khyati Maulik , Chopra Kusha , Park Sung Rye , Tolstorukov Michael Yevgeniy , McCabe Sean M. , Duffy Jessica , Louissaint Abner , Huuhtanen Jani , Bhattacharya Dipabarna , Mustjoki Satu , Koh Min Jung , Powers Foster , Morgan Elizabeth A. , Yang Lei , Pinckney Brandy , Cotton Matthew J. , Crabbe Andrew , Ziemba Jessica Beth , Brain Ian , Heavican-Foral Tayla B. , Iqbal Javeed , Nemec Ronald , Rider Anna Baird , Ford Josie Germain , Koh Min Ji , Scanlan Nora , Feith David J. , Loughran Thomas P. , Kim Won Seog , Choi Jaehyuk , Roels Juliette , Boehme Lena , Putteman Tom , Taghon Tom , Barnes Jeffrey A. , Johnson P. Connor , Jacobsen Eric D. , Greenberg Steven A. , Weinstock David M. , Jain Salvia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Develop a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with subtypes of mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms.

Experimental Design:
Primary specimens, cell lines, patient-derived xenograft models, commercially available, and proprietary anti-KLRG1 antibodies were used for screening, target, and functional validation.

Results:
Here we demonstrate that surface KLRG1 is highly expressed on tumor cells in subsets of patients with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL), and gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma (G/D TCL). The majority of the CD8+/CD57+ or CD3−/CD56+ leukemic cells derived from patients with T- and NK-large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL and NK-LGLL), respectively, expressed surface KLRG1. The humanized afucosylated anti-KLRG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb208) optimized for mouse in vivo use depleted KLRG1+ TCL cells by mechanisms of ADCC, ADCP, and CDC rather than apoptosis. mAb208 induced ADCC and ADCP of T-LGLL patient-derived CD8+/CD57+ cells ex vivo. mAb208 effected ADCC of subsets of healthy donor-derived KLRG1+ NK, CD4+, CD8+ Tem, and TemRA cells while sparing KLRG1− naïve and CD8+ Tcm cells. Treatment of cell line and TCL patient-derived xenografts with mAb208 or anti-CD47 mAb alone and in combination with the PI3K-δ/γ inhibitor duvelisib extended survival. The depletion of macrophages in vivo antagonized mAb208 efficacy.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest the potential benefit of a broader treatment strategy combining therapeutic antibodies with PI3Ki for the treatment of patients with mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms.
See related commentary by Varma and Diefenbach, p. 2300
Unveiling Liquid Gold: Lymph as an HPV Marker in OPSCC to Guide Treatment Decisions
Authors: Shannon Nicholas B. , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna 
Published: January 2024

SummaryDistinguishing low- versus high-risk HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is pivotal for tailoring treatment. Liquid biopsy, measuring cell-free HPV-DNA in serum and saliva, assesses treatment response and early-recurrence risk. Postoperative lymphatic fluid may better guide future adjuvant therapy decisions due to its proximity to primary lesions and lymph nodes.See related article by Earland et al., p. 1409
The New Age of Artificial Intelligence Regards Bharat and World Affairs
Authors: Chamoli Amit 
Published: January 2024

There is a flood of modern machines in the world, whose form has been taken by AI, it is entering the life of every person, whether it is your TV or fridge, it is visible in every field, from automobile to mobiles phone. Everyone has become accustomed to AI. The special thing is that in this era of modernity, the help of AI is being taken to increase the yield of agriculture. Farmers are able to spray their crops through drones. So in the same world, AI is also being used in large quantities in the fields of war like drone missile, guided missile, satellite missile etc. This AI is moving towards the new future of the world by which either peace will be established in the future or a devastating war will be fought.
Although AI is likely to be operated by humans only because if this does not happen then the future of the world will be in the hands of AI.
But given the various AI stages, this can only be imagined The Russia-Ukraine war is now at a more disastrous stage, in such a situation, what role AI can play in the search for peace remains to be seen. Due to differences with you and hunger for expansion, today the world is once again at a disastrous stage, among them China - Taiwan, Isreal-Iran etc. countries are standing on the front-line regarding the war against each other. Which cannot be seen normally. The related research paper attracts more attention to this and also questions the utility of AI. Although it will prove useful in some areas, can Ai be used for peace instead of war?
it remains to be known
Reflections on Photos of Political Power and Public Perception of the Joko Widodo-K.H. Ma'ruf Amin and Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno Victory Declaration Photos
Authors: Senaharjanta Ignasius Liliek , Ronda Andi Mirza , Dua Mikhael 
Published: January 2024

Photography can be used as a means to convey a narrative or a message behind the presented visuals. In the context of political communication, narrative has the power to influence and win opinions. In regard to this, one particular political narrative at which it is interesting to take a closer look among the political moments in Indonesia is the victory declaration in the 2019 Presidential Election contest. Victory declaration is a political phenomenon that occurred in the 2014 and 2019 Presidential Elections. In both occasions this event led to riots.
Based on the description above, the research questions are: (1) How is visual photography produced as a medium to convey narratives within political message? and (2) How does the public as viewers or recipients of political messages perceive political messages in the visual form? This study aimed to identify the meaning of political narratives and the interrelationships of photography in the political context in Indonesia.
The method employed in this study was Paul Ricœur’s Hermeneutics, with reference to semantic understanding, reflective understanding and existential understanding. An interpretive paradigm with data sources in the form of declaration photos, interviews with photographers and viewers.
Our results showed that political success depends on individual aspects in carrying out their roles. In this context these roles of the individuals refer to political figures, agents and supporters. Interrelationships between roles in such group of individuals mainly revolve around cooperation in realizing common prosperity in political goals.
This study concludes that cooperation between politicians, agents and supporters must be guided by political ethics as the main guideline for behaving and acting for the sake of achieving common prosperity. In addition, the use of technology in politics must be guided by ethics as an effort to realize a political system that is just, responsible, trustworthy, and meets the moral standards expected by society. Together, individuals, including politicians, agents and society, broadly play the role of moral agents to achieve politics with integrity, honesty and trustworthiness.
New Picture Stimuli for the NIH Stroke Scale: A Validation Study
Authors: Stockbridge Melissa D. , Kelly Lindsey , Newman-Norlund Sarah , White Brian , Bourgeois Marianne , Rothermel Elizabeth , Fridriksson Julius , Lyden Patrick D. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale is a widely accepted tool for structured graded neurological examination of stroke or suspected stroke in the hyperacute setting. Concerns have arisen about the use of its picture stimuli in a contemporary and global health context. Here, we present new stimuli prepared to serve the needs of stroke providers worldwide: the precarious painter image description and updated objects for naming.

METHODS:
This was a validation study of 101 healthy fluent English speakers. Participants were reached by the Johns Hopkins Outpatient Center, the University of South Carolina, and Prisma Health from 2022 to 2023 and included residents of the United States, Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Zambia. Participants were recorded in person or via video conferencing when asked to describe the new picture, while a subset named seven illustrations. Multivariate analyses of variance were used for primary analyses. In a complementary investigation, 299 attendees of the 2023 International Stroke Conference were asked about their preference for the existing or new stimuli and why.

RESULTS:
Each of the 44 content units from the picture description was included by at least 5% of respondents in the demographically representative subsample. Performance was similar across healthy participants irrespective of age, sex, race, ethnicity, or education. Typical descriptions were characterized by an average of 23 content units (SD=5) conveyed with 167 syllables (SD=79). The new naming stimuli were recognized by 100% of participants from many countries as being familiar and identifiable, and names provided in response to the task were highly convergent. The majority of stroke health care providers preferred both the precarious painter and naming stimuli.

CONCLUSIONS:
The description of the new National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale picture, the precarious painter, results in rich samples among healthy speakers that will provide an appropriate basis for the detection of language deficits.