bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Polygalacturonase and Increase of Longitudinal Gas Permeability in Southern Pine by Brown-Rot and White-Rot Fungi
Authors: Green Frederick , Clausen Carol A. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryHydrolysis of bordered and pinoid pits may be a key event during colonization of wood by decay fungi. Although pits are numerous, studies of pectin-hydrolyzing enzymes in wood decay fungi are scarce, probably because of the relatively low content (less than 4 %) of pectin in wood and because of the primary focus on understanding the degradation of lignified components. Endopolygalacturonase (endo- PG) activity was estimated by cup-plate assay and viscosity reduction of pectin from liquid cultures of fifteen brown-rot and eight white-rot basidiomycetous fungi using sodium polypectate as the carbon source. Oxalic acid was estimated in liquid culture and related to mycelial weight of each fungus. Changes in longitudinal gas permeability of southern pine cores exposed to selected decay fungi in liquid culture were measured to determine the extent of hydrolysis of bordered pits. Twelve of fifteen brown-rot and six of eight white-rot fungi tested were positive for at least one of the polygalacturonase test methods. Accumulation of oxalic acid was detected in thirteen of fifteen brown-rot isolates and none of the white-rot fungi tested. Gas permeability of pine cores increased approximately fourfold among brown-rot fungi tested and eighteenfold among white-rot fungi tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bordered pit membrane hydrolysis in cores colonized by white-rot fungi, but only torus damage, weakening and tearing of the pit membranes, was observed in cores exposed to brown-rot fungi. We conclude that both brown- and white-rot decay fungi have the enzymatic capacity to hydrolyze pectin, damage bordered pit membranes, and increase wood permeability during colonization and incipient decay.
Components of Steamed and Non-Steamed Japanese Larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord.) Heartwood Affecting the Feeding Behavior of the Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Ohmura Wakako , Doi Shuichi , Aoyama Masakazu , Ohara Seiji 
Published: October 2004

Summary
The attraction of steamed Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord.) heartwood to the subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was investigated. Hot-water extracts of the steamed and the non-steamed larch woods were sequentially extracted with n-hexane, diethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the residual water-soluble fraction of the steamed wood was fractionated by column chromatography using an Amberlite XAD-2 resin. Feeding-preference and feeding-deterrence of the termite were assessed in the two-choice feeding tests using paper discs permeated with each fraction. The diethyl ether extracts of the non-steamed larch wood showed the feeding-deterrence activity. Taxifolin, the main component of these extracts, was found to be the major feeding-deterrence constituent. In the case of the steamed larch wood, taxifolin was not detected in any fractions, and the residual water-soluble fraction showed the feeding-preference activity. Furthermore, it was found that the feeding-preference constituents were contained in the coloring substances adsorbed by the Amberlite XAD-2 resin. From these results, the degradation of taxifolin and the formation of coloring substances during the steam treatment were to be considered as important factors of the attraction of steamed larch wood to the termite.
What Factors Control Dimerization of Coniferyl Alcohol?
Authors: Houtman Carl J. 
Published: October 2004

Summary
Data suggest that the dimerization of coniferyl alcohol is not under thermodynamic control. In this study, molecular dynamics calculations were used to estimate the effect of the solvent environment. In water, the coniferyl alcohol radicals were forced to associate by the formation of a solvent cage. In glycerol, the solvent cage effect appeared to be absent. These results suggest that in water, the product distribution of the dimers will be modified by interactions with the solvent. The computed results are consistent with experimental observations of coniferyl alcohol reactions in various solvents.
NMR Analysis of Oxidative Alkaline Extraction Stage Lignins
Authors: Runge Troy M. , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: October 2004

Summary
Chlorine dioxide delignified pulp was subjected to various oxidative alkaline extraction stages (EAr, E, EO, EP, and EPO) from which the residual and effluent lignins were isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. Results of the NMR analyses indicate an increase in unconjugated carboxyl content of the lignins with the alkali treatment; a decrease in phenolic and formyl groups with oxidant reinforcement, especially oxygen; and an enrichment in aromatic methoxyl groups with increasing amount of oxidant reinforcement. The alkaline extracted pulps were further treated to a second chlorine dioxide stage from which the residual lignins were extracted and analyzed by 1H NMR. Significant structural differences were noted between the various oxidative E stage and D1 stage lignins.
Variable Amplitude Loading on a Resonance Test Facility
Authors: Pöting S , Traupe M , Hug J , Zenner H 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The uncertainty in fatigue lifetime calculations brings up the necessity of experimental verification. Several efforts have been undertaken in the past to improve and introduce new test methods. An alternative method for variable amplitude loading using resonance test facilities is introduced and discussed. A comparison of test results on a resonance test facility with a new control system and a servo hydraulic test facility shows no significant difference in the test results. The compatibility of the test results to those results of accepted fatigue life tests is proven for three test series of different specimens. The introduced resonance test control offers a new way for fatigue life tests, reducing the cost and time, as well as increasing the safety of products because it permits testing to much longer lives in a relatively short time.
Prediction of IQ and Achievement at Age 8 Years From Neurodevelopmental Status at Age 1 Year in Children With D-Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: McGrath Ellen , Wypij David , Rappaport Leonard A. , Newburger Jane W. , Bellinger David C. 
Published: October 2004

Objective. Studies of developmental outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently use assessments conducted in infancy as primary endpoints. Whether test scores of CHD patients in infancy are predictive of status at school age has not been evaluated, however.Methods. In the Boston Circulatory Arrest Study, 135 children with D-transposition of the great arteries repaired by arterial switch operation were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development and the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence at 1 year of age and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition and the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test at 8 years.Results. Although most 1-year test scores were significantly associated with 8-year test scores, the amounts of shared variance were modest (&lt;10%). All 1-year test scores had poor sensitivity (16%–32%) and poor positive predictive value (35%–42%) but good specificity (80%–93%) and negative predictive value (78%–79%). More than half of the children with low scores at 8 years (≤85) had had scores &gt;84 at 1 year.Conclusion. This pattern suggests that although test scores at 1 year are modestly associated with test scores at 8 years, many children who are at risk for poor late outcomes will not be identified on the basis of 1-year test scores. Long-term follow-up of children with CHD is necessary to draw inferences about the developmental sequelae of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors.
Two-Year Clinical and Immune Outcomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Children Who Reconstitute CD4 T Cells Without Control of Viral Replication After Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Ghaffari Guity , Passalacqua Dominick J. , Caicedo Jennifer L. , Goodenow Maureen M. , Sleasman John W. 
Published: October 2004

Objective.To evaluate 96-week clinical and immune outcomes to protease inhibitor–containing antiretroviral therapy.
Methods.A prospective study was conducted of 40 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children who displayed viral suppression (VS) with successful immune reconstitution (IS), failure to suppress virus (VF) or develop immune reconstitution (IF), or discordant immune and viral responses (VF/IS) at 24 weeks posttherapy. All children enrolled had viral RNA &gt;4.0 log10 copies per mL and were Centers for Disease Control ad Prevention immune stage 2 or 3. Clinical, viral, and immune outcomes were assessed during the subsequent 72 weeks.
Results.VS/IS and VF/IS groups displayed similar sustained increases in CD4 T cells, although viral levels rebounded by 48 and 96 weeks posttherapy to pretherapy levels in the discordant group. The VF/IS outcome group had significant increases in height and weight z scores compared with entry and were similar to the VS/IS group. After treatment, antigen-specific responses after tetanus immunization were similar in the VF/IS and VS/IS groups. Prevalence of HIV-associated illnesses decreased in both VS/IS and VF/IS but not in VF/IF response groups.
Conclusions.The findings indicate that viral replication under the selective pressure of protease inhibitors fails to exhibit the same deleterious impact on T-cell immunity as pretherapy viruses. CD4 T-cell counts may be a better predictor of disease progression and improvement in growth than viral burden in HIV-infected children who receive a protease inhibitor as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen.
Pneumococcemia as the presenting feature of multiple myeloma
Authors: Costa Daniel B. , Shin Byol , Cooper Dennis L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractMultiple myeloma is associated with a susceptibility to bacterial infections, specifically for encapsulated organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, severe bacterial infection as the initial presentation of this disease has been rarely reported. The most common presenting features are anemia, lytic lesions, hypercalcemia, and renal failure. We report two cases of pneumococcal bacteremia as the initial manifestation of an underlying multiple myeloma. The first case is of a 68‐year‐old woman with pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia, presenting with a white blood cell count of 900/μL and mild anemia. Further work‐up disclosed monoclonal IgG kappa and 50% plasma cells in bone marrow. Her course was complicated by acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. The second patient is a 57‐year‐old man presenting with acute pneumococcal meningitis and bacteremia. Due to prior bacterial epiglottitis, further work‐up disclosed IgG lambda monoclonal spike and 40% plasma cells in bone marrow. Both cases responded to antibiotic therapy without complications. These two cases add to the few patients described in the literature with pneumococcemia as the first sign of multiple myeloma. Features that were common in most of these cases, and that should lead to a suspicion of myeloma in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, are S. pneumoniae bacteremia, leukopenia, mild anemia, history of prior bacterial infections, and indirect evidence of a paraproteinemia, such as increased total protein levels with low albumin. Am. J. Hematol. 77:277–281, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proportion of drug‐related serious rare blood dyscrasias: Estimates from the Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study
Authors: Andersohn Frank , Bronder Elisabeth , Klimpel Andreas , Garbe Edeltraut 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDrugs are an important cause of serious rare blood dyscrasias. To estimate the proportion of drug‐related cases, we used data from the ongoing Berlin Case‐Control Surveillance Study. The analysis included a total of 171 cases. The number of cases in which a drug etiology was assessed as at least “possible” was n = 29 (97%) for acute agranulocytosis, n = 4 (0.21%) for aplastic anemia, n = 8 (26%) for immune hemolytic anemia, n = 20 (25%) for immune thrombocytopenia, and n = 2 (20%) for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome. Our analysis suggests that a substantial fraction of blood dyscrasias may be attributable to drug therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 77:316–318, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconi's anemia and non‐Fanconi's conditions
Authors: Velazquez Isela , Alter Blanche P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe association between anabolic androgenic steroids and liver tumors was first noted in patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). The hypotheses which led to this review were as follows: (1) androgen‐treated individuals who do not have FA are also at risk of liver tumors; (2) parenteral as well as oral androgens may be responsible for liver tumors; (3) FA patients develop liver tumors after smaller and briefer androgen exposure than non‐FA individuals; (4) the risk of hepatic neoplasms may depend on the specific androgen. Medline and Web of Science were searched for all cases of liver tumors associated with androgens. Information from individual cases was entered into a spreadsheet and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Thirty‐six FA cases and 97 non‐FA cases with both nonhematologic disorders and acquired aplastic anemia (non‐FA AA) were identified. The most common androgens were oxymetholone, methyltestosterone, and danazol. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were more often associated with oxymetholone and methyltestosterone, while adenomas were associated with danazol. Tumors were reported in six patients who received only parenteral and not oral androgens. FA patients were younger than non‐FA patients when androgen use was initiated, and the FA patients developed tumors at younger ages. Non‐AA patients were treated with androgens for longer periods of time, compared with FA and non‐FA AA patients. All patients on anabolic androgenic steroids are at risk of liver tumors, regardless of underlying diagnosis. The magnitude of the risk cannot be determined from currently available data, because the number of patients receiving androgens is unknown. Am. J. Hematol. 77:257–267, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.†
Characterization of hemoglobin bassett (α94Asp→Ala), a variant with very low oxygen affinity
Authors: Abdulmalik Osheiza , Safo Martin K. , Lerner Norma B. , Ochotorena Josiree , Daikhin Evgueni , Lakka Vinaysagar , Santacroce Rosa , Abraham Donald J. , Asakura Toshio 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) Bassett, an abnormal Hb variant with a markedly reduced oxygen affinity, was discovered in a Caucasian (Anglo‐Saxon) male child who experienced episodes of cyanosis. Cation‐exchange and reversed‐phase (RP) high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the patient has an abnormal Hb, with a mutation in the α‐globin. Tryptic peptide digest of the abnormal α‐globin with subsequent HPLC analysis revealed abnormal elution of the α‐T11 peptide. Further studies with Edman sequencing and electrospray mass spectrometry of tryptic peptide α‐T11, as well as structural analysis by X‐ray crystallography revealed an Asp→Ala substitution at the α94 (G1) position, a match for Hb Bassett. Detailed functional studies showed that this Hb variant had a markedly reduced oxygen affinity (P50 at pH 7.0 = 22 mmHg; Hb A P50 = 10.5 mmHg), reduced Bohr effect (−0.26 compared to − 0.54 in Hb A), and low subunit cooperativity (n = 1.4, compared to 2.6 in Hb A). X‐ray crystallography results explain the probable effects of the structural modification on the oxygen‐binding properties of this Hb variant. Am. J. Hematol. 77:268–276, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant methylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ekmekci Cumhur G. , Gutiérrez Marina I. , Siraj Abdul K. , Ozbek Ugur , Bhatia Kishor 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHypermethylator phenotype, a propensity of tumors to incur nonrandom concurrent methylation, has been described in several tumors, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More recent studies identified methylation of other tumor suppressor genes, DAP‐kinase and SOCS1, singly in AML. We therefore assessed the methylation status of these genes concurrently with other known targets of methylation. We used methylation‐specific PCR or COBRA to determine the extent of methylation of 10 genes in 28 AML samples from Turkey. In addition to DAP‐kinase and SOCS1, we included ER, p15, and E‐cadherin (reported to be frequently methylated) as well as p16, GSTP1, and HIC1 (reported as rarely methylated). We also included RARβ and p73 for which only minimal data in AML is available. All samples were methylated at least in one locus and all except one demonstrated methylation of DAP‐kinase, SOCS1, p15, and/or ER. DAP‐kinase is the most frequently methylated gene in both pediatric (70%) and adult AML (55%). RARβ is methylated in 18% and p73 in 10% of AMLs. Methylation of E‐cadherin and RARβ occurs preferentially in AMLs with high methylation index (MI), while epigenetic lesions in SOCS1, DAP‐kinase, and p15 appear to be independent. MI may be age‐dependent, with a peak in young adults. FAB M3 demonstrated a higher extent of methylation than M2/M4. This study provides an impetus for larger studies to define if the extent and pattern of methylation in subgroups of AML are clinically relevant. Am. J. Hematol. 77:233–240, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autoimmune cytopenias associated with autoantibodies to nuclear envelope polypeptides
Authors: Coppo Paul , Clauvel Jean‐Pierre , Bengoufa Djaouida , Fuentes Vincent , Gouilleux‐Gruart Valérie , Courvalin Jean‐Claude , Lassoued Kaiss 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA subset of anti‐nuclear autoantibodies (ANA) are directed against nuclear envelope (NE) polypeptides and display by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) a ring‐like fluorescent pattern. We report herein 19 patients with autoimmune cytopenias associated with antibodies (Abs) to NE polypeptides. Anti‐NE specificity was determined by immunoblot, using NE preparations and purified lamina fractions. Eleven sera reacted with lamin B1, and two reacted with both lamin B1 and an unidentified 150‐kDa protein (p150). One serum reacted with only p150. Four sera reacted with lamins A and C, and one reacted with and an unidentified 52‐kDa NE polypeptide (p52). Autoimmune cytopenias included hemolytic anemia (7 cases), thrombocytopenia (13 cases), and neutropenia (6 cases). Five patients had 2 (3 cases) or 3 (2 cases) different cytopenias. Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) were detected in 14 patients, 2 of whom experienced thromboembolic events. A liver disorder was present in 7 patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus‐like syndrome were diagnosed in 11 and 2 patients, respectively. Cytopenias responded to steroids alone (13 patients), or together with intravenous immunoglobulins (2 patients), or cyclophosphamide (2 patients). Two patients did not require treatment. Our results suggest that anti‐NE Abs need to be sought for in patients with peripheral cytopenias, particularly when they are associated with APLA and/or liver disorders. Their detection strongly suggests an autoimmune process. Such cytopenias are often manifestations of a lupus or lupus‐like disease and are responsive to steroids. Am. J. Hematol. 77:241–249, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV and plasmablastic lymphoma manifesting in sinus, testicles, and bones: A further expansion of the disease spectrum
Authors: Schichman Steven A. , McClure Rebecca , Schaefer Robert F. , Mehta Paulette 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPatients with HIV infection are at increased risk for B‐cell neoplasms and plasma cell dyscrasias. Both B cell and plasma cell tumors tend to be intermediate or high grade and are frequently associated with Epstein‐Barr virus. Patients with HIV infection are also at higher risk of acquiring plasmablastic lymphoma. Until this time, only sinus, oral gastrointestinal, and lung manifestation have been noted. In this report we describe a 41‐year‐old male with HIV infection who developed multiple pleomorphic, extramedullary plasmablastic lymphomas associated with Epstein‐Barr virus. We review the clinical and immunological features of his malignancy and thereby expand the spectrum of disease to include additional sites (bones, testicles) not previously reported. Am. J. Hematol. 77:291–295, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.†
Acute promyelocytic leukemia and HIV‐1 infection: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kudva Ganesh C. , Maliekel Kochurani , Richart John M. , Batanian Jacqueline R. , Grosso Leonard E. , Sokol‐Anderson Marcia , Petruska Paul J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report a 27‐year‐old man with HIV‐1 infection who developed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with a novel complex three‐way chromosomal translocation t(15;16;17). Induction of remission and consolidation with all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐ and anthracycline‐based chemotherapy was followed by maintenance therapy consisting of ATRA, 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP), and methotrexate (MTX). Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was continued with brief interruptions. He remains in complete remission 40 months after diagnosis. Am. J. Hematol. 77:287–290, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymphoma‐associated paraneoplastic angioedema with normal C1‐inhibitor activity: Does danazol work?
Authors: Gaur S. , Cooley J. , Aish L. , Weinstein R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA patient with splenic marginal zone lymphoma presented with severe, symptomatic acquired angioedema. Unlike previously reported cases, his serum levels of complement and C1 inhibitor (C1‐INH) were not decreased. Nonetheless, he responded clinically to treatment with an attenuated androgen and, after therapeutic splenectomy, has been maintained asymptomatic without androgen therapy for 5 years. Thus stimulation of C1‐INH synthesis may overcome paraneoplastic angioedema in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders despite the absence of typical evidence for a quantitative or qualitative defect in C1‐INH. Androgens should not be withheld despite a normal level of C1‐INH and complement in symptomatic patients. Am. J. Hematol. 77:296–298, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.