bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of nanocarbon cold cathodes in lighting elements
Authors: Obraztsov A. N. , Volkov A. P. , Petrushenko Yu. V. , Satanovskaya O. P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe have manufactured cathodoluminescent lamps equipped with field emitters composed of carbon nanotubes and nanosized graphite crystallites. The nanocarbon film material was obtained by chemical vapour deposition onto Si and Ni substrates and was used as grown in the vacuum light‐emitting devices. Various light‐emitting arrangements were realized, showing wide possibilities for different applications, including flat panel displays, indicators and light signs. A record power efficiency of >30% was achieved for the cylindrical diode lamps with nanocarbon cold cathodes. This shows their suitability as lighting elements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of electron irradiation on the microstructure of ferritic model alloys
Authors: Radiguet B. , Pareige P. , Barbu A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms at the origin of radiation embrittlement is of great interest for predicting the evolution of reactor vessel steel during nuclear power plant running. To examine the behaviour of different solutes under irradiation, electron irradiation has been performed with a Van de Graff accelerator on two model alloys (Fe–0.1%Cu and Fe–1.5%Mn–0.8%Ni–0.12%Cu–0.01%P) and a commercial steel. The nanostructure of these materials has been characterized by atom probe techniques before and after irradiation. The results show the influence of the copper content of the material on the formation of copper‐rich clusters and also the behaviour of phosphorus under irradiation. Comparison between these results and results on ion irradiation determines the influence of the way in which point defects are created (isolated Frenkel pairs or displacement cascades) on the ability of copper atoms to gather. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma CVD characterization of nanocarbon film growth
Authors: Obraztsov A. N. , Zolotukhin A. A. , Ustinov A. O. , Volkov A. P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe report on the characterization of d.c. discharge plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition of nanocarbon film materials in a hydrogen–methane gas mixture. The effects of the gas composition and pressure on the current–voltage characteristics and optical emission spectra of the discharge plasma are studied. By varying the parameters we obtain various carbon thin‐film materials, the structure and composition of which are characterized qualitatively by Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The data obtained by optical emission spectroscopy show the presence of H, H2, CH and C2 activated species in the discharge plasma. We assume that C2 dimers play a decisive role in nanostructured graphite‐like carbon film formation and carbon condensation in the gas phase. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acid treatment of carbon nanofibres with encapsulated catalytic iron nanoparticles
Authors: Wu P. , Deng S. Z. , Chen Jun , She J. C. , Xu N. S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAcid treatment was used to remove the Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in the carbon nanofibres grown by thermal chemical vapour deposition. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the structure of the carbon nanofibres. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and x‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy were employed to analyse the effect of the treatment. It was found that treatment with HCl can partially remove the Fe nanoparticles on tips. Treatment using a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 is an effective way to remove the Fe nanoparticles on tips. Also, the tips of carbon nanofibres having Fe nanoparticles seem to be more stable against O2 plasma etching than the bodies of the carbon nanofibres. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radikalidentifizierung auf Polymeren nach Plasmabehandlung. Radical Identification on Polymers after Plasma Treatment
Authors: Meyer‐Plath Asmus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRadikale bilden den Ausgangspunkt für Reaktionen chemisch inerter Polymere. So kann der Einbau funktioneller chemischer Gruppen in eine Polymeroberfläche über Reaktionen mit funktionsgruppentragenden Partnern erfolgen, wenn die Oberfläche, die Reaktionspartner oder beide über Radikalcharakter verfügen. Dabei bestimmt die Reaktivität und Dichte der Radikale auf der Polymeroberfläche die Effizienz des Funktionalisierungsprozesses entscheidend mit. Nach dessen Abschluß erlangen nicht‐abgesättigte Radikale, d. h. solche, die nicht an der Kopplungsreaktion teilgenommen haben, besondere Bedeutung. Sie können noch mit Luftsauerstoff zu Peroxiden reagieren und anschließend zu einer (unbeabsichtigten) Sekundärfunktionalisierung der Oberfläche mit allen denkbaren Arten sauerstoffhaltiger Gruppen führen. Aus diesen Gründen gewinnt der Nachweis von Radikalen auf Polymeroberflächen für derzeit in der Entwicklung befindliche Ansätze der hocheffizienten und/oder hoch einheitlichen Oberflächenfunktionalisierung zunehmend an Bedeutung. Es werden daher wichtige Verfahren zur Quantifizierung von Oberflächenradikalen vorgestellt. Ferner wird ein neuer Ansatz zur Ausrüstung von Polymeroberflächen mit Radikalen vorgestellt, die dann ihrerseits Ausgangspunkt von Funktionalisierungsreaktionen sein können.
Sol‐Gel Technik zur Realisierung von funktionellen Beschichtungen. Sol‐gel technique for preparation of functional coatings
Authors: Mahltig Boris 
Published: June 2004

AbstractDie Sol‐Gel Technik ermöglicht die einfache Herstellung transparenter und gut haftender Metalloxidfilme (z. B. Siliciumoxid) auf einer Vielzahl von Materialien. Als Beschichtungsmittel dienen flüssige Nanosole, welche nach Trocknung und Temperung dünne transparente Gelfilme ausbilden. Durch chemische oder physikalische Modifizierung der Nanosole ist eine nahezu unbegrenzte Vielfalt an Materialvariationen und somit an Möglichkeiten zur Funktionalisierung der Schichteigenschaften gegeben. Potentielle Möglichkeiten und beispielhafte Ergebnisse zur Funktionalisierung von Oberflächen werden vorgestellt.
Endoscopic Management of Early Postoperative Biliary Ascariasis in Patients with Biliary Tract Surgery
Authors: Zargar Showkat Ali , Khan Bashir Ahmad , Javid Gul , Yattoo Ghulam Nabi , Shah Altaf Hussain , Gulzar Ghulam Mohammad , Singh Jaswinder , Khan Mushtaq Ahmad , Shah Nisar Ahmad 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBile leak and residual stones are well known complications of biliary tract surgery. In endemic areas of ascariasis, invasion of the biliary tract by roundworms during the early postoperative period is an infrequent but serious complication. The present study describes the endoscopic management of postoperative biliary ascariasis in 19 consecutive patients. There were 5 men and 14 women with a mean age of 33.3 ± 6.3 years. All patients had undergone cholecystectomy, with choledocholithotomy and placement of a T‐tube in 13 (68.4%) patients. Eight (42.1%) patients including two with T‐tubes were acutely sick at referral. Altogether, 16 (84.2%) patients had widened papillae due to previous endoscopic sphincterotomy (3 patients) or recent dilatation of the sphincter of Oddi by Bake’s dilators (13 patients). All patients with a T‐tube in situ had undergone unsuccessful attempts to remove the worms by flushing saline through the T‐tube. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed 4 to 16 days after biliary tract surgery and revealed roundworms in the common bile duct in 10 patients, in the hepatic ducts in 2, or in both ducts in 7. Three patients had coexisting biliary leakage: from the cystic duct stump in two and from a T‐tube track in one. Endoscopic treatment consisted of extracting the worms from the biliary tree and placing stents in those with coexisting leakage. Endoscopic success was defined as complete worm extraction and resolution of biliary leakage and was achieved in all patients. Complications occurred in one (5.3%) patient. We concluded that endoscopic management is an effective, safe approach for extracting ascarids from the biliary tree during the early postoperative period. It reduces the hospital stay, avoids T‐tube‐related complications, and permits a postoperative complication to be treated using a nonsurgical method.
Microscopic Liver Metastasis: Prognostic Factor for Patients with pT2 Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Endo Itaru , Shimada Hiroshi , Takimoto Atsushi , Fujii Yoshiro , Miura Yasuhiko , Sugita Mitsutaka , Morioka Daisuke , Masunari Hideki , Tanaka Kuniya , Sekido Hitoshi , Togo Shinji 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHepatic metastasis is the most frequent mode of recurrence of advanced gallbladder cancer after radical resection. The aims of this study were to clarify the clinical significance of microscopic liver metastasis from pT2 gallbladder cancer and to clarify whether partial hepatectomy can prevent hepatic recurrence in patients with microscopic liver metastasis. The subjects included 20 patients with pT2 tumors who underwent radical surgery and partial hepatectomy with lymph node dissection. Microscopic liver metastasis was defined as a distant metastatic nodule including cancer cell nests in the lumen of the portal vein and discrete nodular lesions in the liver, all less than 5 mm in diameter. Cox’s proportional hazard regression was used to analyze factors that contributed to outcomes. Microscopic metastases were detected in the resected livers from 5 of 20 patients. There were more metastatic lesions within 1 cm of the gallbladder bed than were located 1 to 2 cm away from it. Microscopic liver metastases showed a strong correlation with the extent of blood vessel invasion around the primary tumor and were frequently detected in patients with a primary tumor localized on the hepatic side and with more than 3 cm of subserosal invasion. In four of five patients with microscopic liver metastases, recurrence was found in the remnant liver, which led to death within 15 months after the initial operation. Microscopic liver metastasis, operative curability, and lymph node metastasis were assessed as independent prognostic factors. A large proportion of patients with microscopic liver metastasis suffered from hepatic recurrence. Our results suggest that partial hepatectomy alone cannot prevent hepatic recurrence in patients with microscopic liver metastasis.
Changes in Liver Enzymes after Surgery in Anti‐Hepatitis C Virus‐positive Patients
Authors: Murakami Saburo , Okubo Katsuhiko , Tsuji Yoshitaka , Sakata Hideto , Takahashi Takehiro , Kikuchi Masataka , Hirayama Renzo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of surgical intervention on changes in liver enzymes in patients with antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Of 623 patients who underwent laparotomy in our department during the 2 years between January 2000 and December 2001, a group of 39 (6.3%) who were positive for the HCV antibody were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cholinesterase (ChE) were the standard liver tests performed. The antibody to HCV was measured in serum using an ELISA kit that can detect antibodies against the combined epitopes. The postoperative elevated values of AST and ALP in the anti‐HCV‐positive group were significantly higher than those in the anti‐HCV‐negative group (p < 0.05). The postoperative decreased values of ChE in the anti‐HCV‐positive group were significantly greater than those in the anti‐HCV‐negative group (p < 0.02). The postoperatively decreased ratios of ChE in the anti‐HCV positive group were significantly greater than those in the anti‐HCV negative group (p < 0.0001). Using multivariate logistic regression modeling, testing positive for the antibody to HCV was independently and significantly associated with abnormal levels of ALT and ALP (p = 0.035 and 0.018, respectively). Monitoring liver enzymes such as ChE, ALT, and ALP might be effective for evaluating liver function after surgery in anti‐HCV‐positive patients.
Acid phosphatase activity in gerbil prostate: comparative study in male and female during postnatal development
Authors: Custódio Maria Galvan Ana , Góes Maira Rejane , Taboga Roberto Sebastião 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe prostate is present in both male and female mammals. It is composed of secretory epithelium, connective stroma, smooth muscle and neuroendocrine cells, which are under hormonal regulation. Acid phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of orthophosphate monoesters. We have compared the expression of acid phosphatases in gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) prostate glands in both sexes using young, adult and old animals. Eighteen prostates were isolated, frozen, sectioned, fixed, incubated with sodium β‐glycerophosphate sodium, washed with acetate buffer solution, treated with ammonium sulfide and counterstained with Methyl‐Green aqueous solution. Ultracytochemical analyses were also conducted. This substrate revealed total acid phosphatase activity. The expression of the enzyme was heterogeneous, occurring in all ages during postnatal development. The data revealed that the female prostate matured before the male prostate. In addition, acid phosphatase activity in both sexes was regulated by androgen variation concomitant with development.
Phorbol ester‐induced cell death in PC‐12 cells overexpressing Bcl‐2 is dependent on the time at which cells are treated
Authors: Hahn Michael A. , Mayne George C. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of PKC in Bcl‐2 protection against serum withdrawal‐induced apoptosis in PC‐12 cells. Human Bcl‐2 was overexpressed in PC‐12 cells and was found to totally inhibit serum withdrawal‐induced apoptosis. 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) could induce cell death in PC‐12 cells that overexpressed Bcl‐2, implicating protein kinase C (PKC) in Bcl‐2 protection. However, TPA‐induced cell death did not involve caspase‐3 activation or DNA degradation, suggesting that Bcl‐2 was still inhibiting these processes and that TPA was mediating cell death either downstream of Bcl‐2 or via independent signalling pathways. High cytosolic and particulate protein levels of PKC δ were correlated with TPA‐induced cell death suggesting that PKC δ positively regulated this cell death. However, substantial down‐regulation of PKC by prolonged exposure to TPA did not reduce the frequency of TPA‐induced cell death, raising the possibility that PKC δ did not regulate cell death alone. Surprisingly, TPA‐induced cell death was dependent on the time at which cells were treated, suggesting that cells were changing with time. Supporting this idea, the cytosolic and particulate protein levels of PKC δ and ∍ were found to change with time, and may account for the time‐dependent manner in which TPA induced cell death. This is the first report to show that sensitivity to drug induced cell death in a cultured cell line changes with time. Experimental and theoretical evidence suggests that many cellular constituents exhibit temporal variations, oscillations or rhythms due to feedback regulation. We believe that investigation of these temporal changes, how they alter cell function with time and how they might be manipulated in single cells as well as across cellular populations is paramount in furthering our understanding of cellular behaviour.
Protection against MPP+ neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule cells by antioxidants
Authors: González‐Polo Rosa A. , Soler Germán , Rodrıguezmartın Andrea , Morán Jose M. , Fuentes José M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe neuropathology associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) is thought to involve excessive production of free radicals, dopamine autoxidation, defects in glutathione peroxidase expression, attenuated levels of reduced glutathione, altered calcium homeostasis, excitotoxicity and genetic defects in mitochondrial complex I activity. While the neurotoxic mechanisms are vastly different for excitotoxins and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), both are thought to involve free radical production, compromised mitochondrial activity and excessive lipid peroxidation. We show here that the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) increased significantly after treatment of cultured cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) with 50 μM MPP+. Co‐treatment with antioxidants such as ascorbate (ASC), catalase, α‐tocopherol (α‐TOH), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or superoxide dismutase (SOD) rescued the cells from MPP+‐induced death. MPP+‐induced cell death was also abolished by co‐treatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as 7‐nitroindazole (7‐NI), 2‐ethyl‐2‐thiopseudourea hydrobromide (EPTU) or S‐methylisothiourea sulphate (MPTU). We also tested the protective effects of an iron chelator (deferoxamine mesylate, DFx) and a peroxynitrite scavenger (FeTTPS) and the results lend further support to the view that the free radical cytotoxicity plays an essential role in MPP+‐induced death in primary cultures of CGC.
Analysis of the contraction of an organelle using its birefringency: the R‐fibre of the Ceratium (Dinoflagellate) flagellum*
Authors: Sato Hidemi , Greuet Claude , Cachon Monique , Cosson Jacky 
Published: June 2004

AbstractSome organelles responsible for contraction consist of bundles of 2–4 nm filaments called nanofilaments. Such organelles are present in the longitudinal flagellum of Ceratium (Dinoflagellate): the R‐fibre is the motor system for contraction and parallels the axoneme, which is responsible for wave generation. We used a highly sensitive polarization microscope developed by one of the authors to measure the birefringence of these nanofilament bundles during contraction in vivo. Our results show that the R‐fibre gives a highly birefringent signal, retarding the polarization to much the same extent irrespective of the direction of polarization. By rotating the axis of the microscope compensator we confirmed that the birefringence is positive, suggesting that the bundles run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the flagellum. Conversely, when the compensator was rotated contrary to the direction of retardation, the bundle appeared dark (except when the organelle was in a fully contracted state). Experiments performed on detergent‐treated and ATP‐reactivated flagella show that a portion of the flagella regained activity with the addition of ATP in the presence of low Ca2+ concentrations. This demonstrates the ability to reactivate flagellar motility after permeabilization and that axonemal microtubules were not responsible for the strong flagellar birefringence. Combined with complementary data from DIC microscopy of demembranated flagella and electron microscopy, these findings have led to the development of a model of the R‐fibre and a comparison with other types of birefringent nanofilament bundles, such as the myoneme of Acantharia.
Changes in elemental concentrations in LNCaP cells are associated with a protective effect of neuropeptides on etoposide‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Salido M. , Vilches J. , Roomans G.M 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOne of the mechanisms that has been put forward for the development of the androgen‐resistant status is neuroendocrine differentiation. Neuroendocrine cells secrete neuropeptides that may represent one of the possible molecular bases by which hormone‐dependent prostate cancer cells could escape treatment. LNCaP prostate cancer cells were treated with either etoposide or neuropeptides. Morphological changes related to apoptosis and cell viability were assessed. Changes in intracellular ion content were quantitatively analyzed by electron probe X‐ray microanalysis. Etoposide treatment consistently induces a decrease in K and an increase in Na, which are inhibited by bombesin or calcitonin. The Na/K ratio increased markedly after exposure to etoposide, and both bombesin and calcitonin blocked this increase. Etoposide also caused changes in the intracellular P and S concentrations that to a large extent could be blocked by neuropeptides. These results support the hypothesis that neuropeptides confer anti‐apoptotic capabilities onto non‐neuroendocrine cells in close proximity to neuroendocrine cells.
ERK signaling pathway is differentially involved in erythroid differentiation of K562 cells depending on time and the inducing agent
Authors: Woessmann Willi , Zwanzger Dorothea , Borkhardt Arndt 
Published: June 2004

AbstractK562 cells can be induced to differentiate along the erythroid lineage by a variety of chemical compounds, including hemin, butyrate, cisplatin and ara‐C. Differential signaling through MAP kinases has been suggested to be involved in this differentiation process. We have investigated the involvement of ERK activation/inhibition in hemin‐, butyrate‐, cisplatin‐ and ara‐C‐induced erythroid differentiation using the K562 cell line. ERK activity decreased for 2–4 h after administration of either inducing agent. ERK was then activated by hemin and cisplatin, while ERK phosphorylation remained decreased during incubation with butyrate and ara‐C. There was no activation of JNK or p38. The MEK‐1 inhibitors UO126 or PD98059 induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells and acted additively with butyrate. Inhibition of MEK‐1 reduced the hemoglobin accumulation by hemin and cisplatin; erythroid differentiation by ara‐C was unchanged. The results suggest that inhibition of signaling through ERK in K562 cells may be needed to enter the erythroid differentiation process, while after initiation both activation and inhibition of signaling through ERK enhance erythroid differentiation, which, however, is dependent on the inducing compound.
A case of social phobia and avoidant personality disorder with erectile dysfunction successfully treated with venlafaxine and add-on reboxetine
Authors: Pacchiarotti Isabella , Manfredi Giovanni , Kotzalidis Giorgio D. , Ruberto Amedeo , Tatarelli Roberto , Girardi Paolo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA 25-year-old man with DSM-IV-TR Axis I social phobia and Axis II avoidant personality disorder and erectile dysfunction, presenting with depression, anxiety and insomnia, responded partially to extended release oral venlafaxine (75 mg/die for 6 weeks), but developed side effects and worsening symptoms when dose was increased to 150 mg/die; he responded to a combination of 75 mg/die venlafaxine and 4 mg/die reboxetine and improved on most of his symptoms.
Language bias in neuroscience—is the Tower of Babel located in Germany?
Authors: Heres S. , Wagenpfeil S. , Hamann J. , Kissling W. , Leucht S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn internal medicine German authors tend to publish randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with non-significant findings in German journals, RCTs with significant findings in international journals. In the neurosciences a similar trend was seen but the findings were not statistically significant. The reason for this inconclusive finding might be the low number of RCTs published in German.