bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India: Developmental challenges faced by a dual economy
Authors: Yang Yuqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith a population of over 1.4 billion surpassing China's in 2023, India has now become the world's most populous country. Despite its robust IT and service sectors propelling it to become the fifth‐largest economy, India still grapples with low GDP per capita and significant poverty. The paradoxical nature of India's development necessitates a closer examination of its governance. Over 90% of the Indian population works outside the purview of formal democratic institutions and capital‐intensive economic sectors. Challenges arise from the need to sustain a large poor population with limited resources while catering to the formal sector that generates more than half of its GDP. India's governance exhibits a deep mismatch between its institutional design, politics and developmental needs. This article explores the duality of informal and formal sectors underlying challenges in Indian governance by way of the Berggruen Governance Index.
Application of linear and machine learning models to genomic prediction of fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Nishio Motohide , Inoue Keiichi , Arakawa Aisaku , Ichinoseki Kasumi , Kobayashi Eiji , Okamura Toshihiro , Fukuzawa Yo , Ogawa Shinichiro , Taniguchi Masaaki , Oe Mika , Takeda Masayuki , Kamata Takehiro , Konno Masaru , Takagi Michihiro , Sekiya Mario , Matsuzawa Tamotsu , Inoue Yoshinobu , Watanabe Akihiro , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Shibata Eri , Ohtani Akihumi , Yazaki Ryu , Nakashima Ryotaro , Ishii Kazuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe collected 3180 records of oleic acid (C18:1) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) measured using gas chromatography (GC) and 6960 records of C18:1 and MUFA measured using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in intermuscular fat samples of Japanese Black cattle. We compared genomic prediction performance for four linear models (genomic best linear unbiased prediction [GBLUP], kinship‐adjusted multiple loci [KAML], BayesC, and BayesLASSO) and five machine learning models (Gaussian kernel [GK], deep kernel [DK], random forest [RF], extreme gradient boost [XGB], and convolutional neural network [CNN]). For GC‐based C18:1 and MUFA, KAML showed the highest accuracies, followed by BayesC, XGB, DK, GK, and BayesLASSO, with more than 6% gain of accuracy by KAML over GBLUP. Meanwhile, DK had the highest prediction accuracy for NIRS‐based C18:1 and MUFA, but the difference in accuracies between DK and KAML was slight. For all traits, accuracies of RF and CNN were lower than those of GBLUP. The KAML extends GBLUP methods, of which marker effects are weighted, and involves only additive genetic effects; whereas machine learning methods capture non‐additive genetic effects. Thus, KAML is the most suitable method for breeding of fatty acid composition in Japanese Black cattle.
What counts as STEM, and does it matter?
Authors: Adler Rebecca M. , Xu Mingkai , Rittle‐Johnson Bethany 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo accurately measure students' science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) career interest, researchers must get inside the ‘black box’ to understand students' conceptualizations of STEM careers.AimsThe aim of Study 1 was to explore whether students' conceptualizations of STEM included medical careers. The aim of Study 2 was to explore whether predictors of STEM career interest (e.g., gender and motivation) varied by STEM definition (inclusion/exclusion of medical careers).SamplesIn Study 1, the sample was US college students (N = 125) who were mostly White (80%). In Study 2, the sample was US 10th‐grade high school students (N = 455) who were mostly Black (79%).MethodsIn Study 1, students completed an online questionnaire. In Study 2, students completed various measures of math achievement, motivation (science and math expectancies of success, interest and importance value) and career interest with an importance.ResultsIn Study 1, medical careers were less often classified as STEM careers than traditional STEM careers, but more often classified as STEM than non‐STEM careers. In Study 2, science importance value was the only motivational predictor of students' STEM+Medicine career interest, and no motivation constructs predicted traditional STEM career interest. Boys expressed greater interest in traditional STEM careers, while girls expressed greater interest in STEM+Medicine careers.ConclusionsStudents' conceptualizations of STEM are not binary. Thus, we recommend researchers are explicit about their definition of STEM with study participants, in their coding and in their publications.
A prospective phase II clinical trial/IDEAL Stage 2a series of single‐port robotic colorectal surgery for abdominal and transanal cases
Authors: Marks John H. , Yang Jane , Spitz Elizabeth M. , Salem Jean , Agarwal Samir , de Paula Thais Reif , Schoonyoung Henry P. , Keller Deborah S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimSlow laparoscopy adoption accelerated the uptake of robotic surgery. However, the current robotic platforms have limitations in transanal applications and multiple port sites. The da Vinci single‐port (SP) robot is currently used on trial for colorectal surgery, and broad assessment of outcomes is needed. We aimed to report findings of a phase II clinical trial of SP robotic colorectal surgery.MethodsA sequentially reported prospective case series was performed on patients using SP robotics at a tertiary referral centre from 1 October 2018 to 31 August 2021. Cases were stratified into abdominal and transanal cohorts. Demographics, intra‐operative variables and 30‐day postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Univariate analysis was performed, with statistical process control for the docking process. Main outcomes were conversion rates, morbidity, mortality and point of standardization of docking.ResultsIn all, 133 patients were included: 93 (69.92%) abdominal and 40 (30.08%) transanal. The main diagnosis was rectal cancer (n = 59) and the procedure performed a robotic transanal abdominal transanal radical proctosigmoidectomy (n = 30). There were no conversions to open surgery. Two abdominal (2.15%) and three transanal cases (7.50%) were converted to laparoscopy. All colorectal adenocarcinomas had negative margins, proper lymph node harvest and complete mesorectal excision, as appropriate. Docking became a standardized process at cases 34 (abdominal) and 23 (anorectal). After surgery, bowel function returned on mean day 2 (abdominal) and 1 (transanal). The morbidity rate was 15.05% (abdominal) and 27.50% (transanal). There were two major morbidities in each cohort. Overall, there were three (2.65%) readmissions, one reoperation and no mortality.ConclusionsSingle‐port robotics is feasible for all types of colorectal procedures, with good clinical and oncological outcomes. With this development in colorectal surgery, further studies can develop best practices with this novel technology.
Low optimal fisheries yield creates challenges for sustainability in a climate refugia
Authors: McClanahan T. R. , Kosgei J. K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractReducing resource depletion and promoting ecosystem‐based management are considered key climate change adaptation policies. Therefore, the resource status of an identified climate refugia in a semi‐enclosed bay on the Kenya–Tanzania border was evaluated for sustainability. Both fisheries stock and catch assessment methods found low production and excess effort. Stock recovery in closures (up to 45 years) determined the best‐fit r and K values, which established a maximum sustainable production (MSY) of 2.98 ± 0.45 (SEM) tons/km2/year. Stock estimates in the bays' fishing grounds indicated that biomass was below the MSY and predicted to produce 1.8 ± 1.0 (SEM) or 1.1 ton/km2/year below the optimal MSY. However, landed fish at five studied fishing villages varied greatly from 0.22 to 2.9 tons/km2/year. MSY in the refugia was therefore considerably lower than estimates in nearby ocean‐exposed locations, which has been estimated at 5–7 tons/km2/year. Therefore, low to modest capture rates of fish will be required to allow the recovery needed to achieve sustainability and restore the refugia's ecology. The refugia's highest stocks and near‐MSY yields were captured in the national reserve. Therefore, broader implementation of the reserve's gear‐restriction policies should restore fisheries. High spatial variability in yield patterns indicate interactions between fisheries management, compliance, trade connections, and governance. In climate refugia, reducing cumulative impacts will require knowing and managing for lower fisheries production limits.
Dynare replication of “A Model of Secular Stagnation: Theory and Quantitative Evaluation” by Eggertsson et al. (2019)
Authors: Crescentini Alex , Giri Federico 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper replicates the study “A Model of Secular Stagnation: Theory and Quantitative Evaluation” by Eggertsson et al. using the Dynare toolkit. Replication is important as it confirms the results of the original article, provides a user‐friendly version using Dynare, and shows how to deal with large‐scale models with occasionally binding constraints. The results show that the original Matlab code was fully replicated, but minor discrepancies were found between the paper's equations and the code. The two models produce similar dynamics but with small differences, particularly at the beginning of the simulation.
Care‐driven informality: The case of community transport
Authors: Ravensbergen Léa , Schwanen Tim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNation‐wide cuts to bus subsidies have led to reduced service in rural communities in the UK, leaving those who do not have access to a car – most of whom are older, have a disability, or have a low income – with few other options to meet their travel needs. This has resulted in greater demand on community transport, small‐scale, local, and community‐based transport schemes that are run by the not‐for‐profit sector and are primarily volunteer‐run. Drawing on 28 interviews conducted with volunteers and staff from community transport schemes across Oxfordshire, this paper describes the provision of community transport schemes at the intersection of informal transport and an ethics of care. This sector is posited as informal, however; unlike many informal transport schemes, community transport is non‐entrepreneurial. Instead, these schemes emerge from the community and are care‐driven. Volunteers who run these schemes all provide skilled labour that is a practice of caring about, caring for, or care giving. This framing highlights the undervaluing of community transport. Indeed, the labour and schemes are underfunded and lack recognition. This study therefore emphasises the socio‐political nature of community transport and shows the importance of supporting caring transport services. It concludes by discussing how this undervalued sector might be re‐valorised so that it can continue to support those with few other transport options.
‘A whole new world …’: Exploring transcarceral habitus and women's transition from a closed to an open prison
Authors: Waite Sarah 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines women's experiences of moving from a closed to an open prison in England. Transition to an open prison is often viewed in a positive, reformist light and although androcentric auto‐ethnographical work has demonstrated challenges associated with this pivot when serving a long‐term sentence, much less is known about the experiences of women. Using interview discussions, this article draws upon the concept of transcarceral habitus to examine experiences of transfer and adaptation to the open prison within the broader context of the lives of criminalised women. By extending our understanding of the women's open prison as a site of punishment and recognising the connections and pluralities of women's carceral experiences, this article seeks to disrupt unhelpful binaries that legitimise the incarceration of women and the open prison estate.
Migratory flows and pandemic: An analysis of impacts on immigrants of foreign origin in Spain
Authors: Bayona‐i‐Carrasco Jordi , Domingo Andreu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRestrictions on mobility as a measure to contain the COVID‐19 pandemic meant, in the case of Spain, an abrupt ending to what could be called the second international migratory boom. At the same time, internal migrations underwent considerable change, with cities becoming less attractive as a destination for migrants, and increased flows into rural areas. In this context, our aim is twofold. First, it is to describe and analyse the decline in international migration according to origin and, second, to analyse internal migration among the population of immigrant origin. The results point to a temporary steep downturn in international flows, which does not affect all origins equally. In the case of internal migrations, there is a slight reduction in the intensity of movements with patterns similar to those of the autochthonous population. However, this drop in numbers is very significant among Asians and barely noticeable among immigrants from Latin America.
Estimating the value of repositioning timing to streamline pressure injury prevention efforts in nursing homes: A cost‐effectiveness analysis of the ‘TEAM‐UP’ clinical trial
Authors: Padula William V. , Crawford Samuel A. , Kennerly Susan M. , Yap Tracey L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPressure injury (PrI) prevention guidelines recommend 2‐h repositioning intervals in healthcare settings, requiring significant nursing time investment. We analysed the cost‐effectiveness of PrI prevention protocols with 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐h repositioning intervals in US nursing homes according to ‘Turn Everyone and Move for Ulcer Prevention’ (TEAM‐UP) randomized controlled trial findings. Markov modelling compared 2‐, 3‐ and 4‐h repositioning intervals, controlling for other practice guidelines, to prevent PrIs in nursing home residents from a US health sector perspective over one year using TEAM‐UP trial data for model structure, sampling and parameterization. Costs, captured in 2020 US dollars, and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were used to derive an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio and net monetary benefit (NMB) at $50 000/QALY‐$150 000/QALY cost‐effectiveness thresholds. Sensitivity analyses tested model uncertainty. Repositioning intervals between 3 and 4 h were cost‐effective based on reduced costs at slightly lower QALYs than 2 h at a $50 000/QALY threshold, and the NMB of 4‐h repositioning was also more efficient than at 3 h ($9610). Repositioning labour cost and prevention routines were among the most sensitive parameters. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that 3‐ and 4‐h intervals were cost‐effective in over 65% of simulations at any cost‐effectiveness threshold. Repositioning intervals of 3 to 4 h have potential to reduce nursing time costs without significant decrements in clinical benefits to nursing home residents. Clinical guidelines for PrI prevention should be updated to reflect TEAM‐UP clinical and economic findings. Facilities can use cost‐savings recuperated from nursing time to deploy to other patient safety priorities without seriously jeopardizing PrI safety.
Numerical studies on thermal processing of solid, liquid, and solid–liquid food products: A comprehensive analysis
Authors: Das Soumadip , Baro Rajani Kant , Kotecha Prakash , Anandalakshmi R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article uses the computational fluid dynamics approach to analyze the thermal processing of solid, liquid, and solid–liquid food products. To understand the underlying transport phenomena, microbial deactivation, and nutrient degradation, three food products, viz. lamb (solid), grapefruit juice (liquid), and paneer cubes in a brine solution (solid–liquid), are studied. The food products are processed under constant retort temperature for fixed durations of heating and cooling. The numerical models are solved to obtain the velocity and temperature distribution inside the food products. The solid food exhibits a low heating rate at the slowest heating zone due to the absence of convection. The solid–liquid food shows uniform microbial destruction with a standard deviation of 2.27 min in the lethality distribution. The maximum possible average retention of nutrients is 90.36% (at 80°C and 59.81 min) and 60.64% (at 125°C and 21.30 min) for liquid and solid–liquid foods, respectively. However, the average thiamine retention in solid food monotonically decreases in the temperature range of 120–140°C.Practical ApplicationsThe computational fluid dynamics approach offers practical applications in optimizing food processing parameters, improving thermal processing equipment, and preserving nutrient quality in diverse food products. The analysis of the velocity and temperature distribution enables the design of more efficient heating and cooling methods, assisting food processors in determining the ideal duration and temperature to achieve microbial destruction while minimizing nutrient degradation. Furthermore, this approach facilitates the evaluation and enhancement of thermal processing equipment by identifying areas of slow heating or inadequate heat transfer, ultimately leading to improved design and more uniform processing. Understanding nutrient retention during thermal processing is vital for maintaining nutritional quality. The findings of this work could be applied to develop guidelines for preserving nutrients in specific food products. In summary, the computational fluid dynamics approach enhances food safety by optimizing processing parameters, improving equipment design, and preserving nutrients in solid, liquid, and solid–liquid food products.
An analysis of placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissue immunoreactivity in patients after cesarean section due to a placenta accreta spectrum disorder and elective cesarean section followed by the depressed mood
Authors: Dutsch‐Wicherek Magdalena Maria , Bączkowska Monika , Knafel Anna , Sadowski Piotr , Gałązka Krystyna , Lew‐Starowicz Michał 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn analysis of placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissue immunoreactivity in patients after cesarean section due to a placenta accreta spectrum disorder and elective cesarean section followed by a depressed mood.Research BackgroundOver the past few years, interest in investigating immune dysfunction in patients with psychiatric disorders has increased. B7‐H4 is a molecule with immunosuppressive properties that seems to play a key role in establishing maternal tolerance against fetal antigens. The aim of this study was to compare the B7‐H4 immunoreactivity levels in patients after cesarean section.MethodsPlacental and decidual tissue samples were obtained from 49 women who delivered at Bielański Hospital in Warsaw between 2009 and 2015. Fifteen of the patients developed postpartum depression and 14 had a diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients on whom cesarean section was performed due to breech presentation at term.ResultsThe highest levels of B7‐H4 immunoreactivity were found in the placental chorionic villous and decidual basalis tissue samples of the patients who later developed postpartum depression, while the lowest levels were found in the samples of those patients with a placenta accreta spectrum disorder. The difference between the B7‐H4 immunoreactivity levels of these two groups was statistically significant. The B7‐H4 expression levels were statistically significantly higher in the women in the postpartum depression group than in the control group.ConclusionPostpartum depression follows a disturbance of the suppressive milieu responsible for rebalancing the maternal immune system after the initial cytotoxic activation during labor.
Why and when newcomer career consultation behaviour attracts career mentoring from supervisors: A sociometer explanation of supervisors' perspective
Authors: Wang Ying , Zheng Yuyan , Wu Chia‐Huei , Wu Wen , Xia Yuhuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrawing from the perspective of sociometer theory, we posit that the career consultation behaviour of newcomers can bolster supervisors' organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE), thereby increasing their access to career mentoring from supervisors. Additionally, we suggest that the impact of newcomers' career consultation behaviour on supervisors' OBSE will be more pronounced among individuals with a higher power distance orientation. A time‐lagged, four‐phase data collection involving 238 newcomer–supervisor dyads supported this moderated mediation effect. The results indicate that newcomers' career consultation behaviour contributes to supervisors' OBSE, particularly for those with higher power distance orientations compared to their counterparts with lower power distance orientations. Subsequently, this is positively associated with supervisors' career mentoring as reported by newcomers. The implications of this study are discussed in the context of existing literature on newcomer socialization and mentoring.
Microdiverse bacterial clades prevail across Antarctic wetlands
Authors: Quiroga María V. , Stegen James C. , Mataloni Gabriela , Cowan Don , Lebre Pedro H. , Valverde Angel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAntarctica's extreme environmental conditions impose selection pressures on microbial communities. Indeed, a previous study revealed that bacterial assemblages at the Cierva Point Wetland Complex (CPWC) are shaped by strong homogeneous selection. Yet which bacterial phylogenetic clades are shaped by selection processes and their ecological strategies to thrive in such extreme conditions remain unknown. Here, we applied the phyloscore and feature‐level βNTI indexes coupled with phylofactorization to successfully detect bacterial monophyletic clades subjected to homogeneous (HoS) and heterogenous (HeS) selection. Remarkably, only the HoS clades showed high relative abundance across all samples and signs of putative microdiversity. The majority of the amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) within each HoS clade clustered into a unique 97% sequence similarity operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and inhabited a specific environment (lotic, lentic or terrestrial). Our findings suggest the existence of microdiversification leading to sub‐taxa niche differentiation, with putative distinct ecotypes (consisting of groups of ASVs) adapted to a specific environment. We hypothesize that HoS clades thriving in the CPWC have phylogenetically conserved traits that accelerate their rate of evolution, enabling them to adapt to strong spatio‐temporally variable selection pressures. Variable selection appears to operate within clades to cause very rapid microdiversification without losing key traits that lead to high abundance. Variable and homogeneous selection, therefore, operate simultaneously but on different aspects of organismal ecology. The result is an overall signal of homogeneous selection due to rapid within‐clade microdiversification caused by variable selection. It is unknown whether other systems experience this dynamic, and we encourage future work evaluating the transferability of our results.