bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sense Is Where You Find It
Authors: Hertzberg Lars 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I. For many philosophers, particularly among those who have found their inspiration in Wittgenstein’s later work, appeals to the distinction between what does and does not make sense seem to be an important part of philosophical method. Wittgenstein himself said that his aim was to teach his readers to pass from disguised nonsense to patent non sense (Philosophical Investigations, §464), and he gave numerous examples of the use of this method. I shall try to argue, however, that it is not clear precisely how invocations of nonsense in philosophy are to be understood. My aim in this essay is to try to clarify the role or status of such invocations. I shall do so through a discussion of the reading of Wittgenstein’s view of nonsense put forward by Cora Diamond.
Introduction
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ancient economic history remains a largely undertheorized field of study, not because ancient historians have ignored theory in the general pursuit of ‘facts’, but for the opposite reason, because they have ignored the evidence. In other words, the proliferation of evidence stands in curious disproportion to the atrophied models that rule in this field of enquiry, and the gap is becoming worse with each passing year. Behind this curious paralysis lie the massive and sombre legacies of the late nineteenth century, and behind those the deadweight of other, earlier generations which looked on the past with the patronizing attitudes of a world in unbridled expansion.
Existing Accounts of the Byzantine Large Estate
Authors: Banaji Jairus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Hardy the Byzantine large estate grew up in a context of major changes in the social and administrative system of the late empire. The large estate, fully formed by the end of the fith century, emerged through some process which enabled a bureaucratic élite, the ffficals who were ‘among the most frequent patrons and founders of estates’, both to accumulate holdings and to assert new types of control over the population.
Forging the Future
Authors: Scott-Warren Jason 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter, I showed how Harington’s presentation volume for his mother-in-law Jane Rogers had an important part to play in a lengthy and acrimonious family dispute. That might seem like quite enough work for one book and for one day. But I9 December I6oo was, for Harington, a red-letter day, when several carefully premeditated projects came to fruition.
The Early Middle Ages
Authors: Mayr-Harting Henry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When did the Early Middle Ages begin? When did they end? Is this just the usual euphemism for the Dark Ages? Were the Dark Ages dark in point of evidence or in point of humanity? Or both? Will this lecture be at best the lecturer whistling to keep his courage in a dark tunnel, peering for light at the end of it? These must be the questions, if not on the lips of the polite, at least in their minds. Let me start with the beginning and end. Many would say that the beginning lay in monasticism and ascetic movements, which seemed to reverse the civic values of antiquity, and in the west they might point to the island monastery of Lérins and the composition around 55o of the Rule of St Benedict. These answers would be very valid. But as I have decided to be particularly concerned with how Christianity interacted with the secular world, which was above all the world of the newly settled Germanic peoples in the early medieval west, I should like to offer another answer.
Coupled Careers: Pathways Through Work and Marriage in the United States
Authors: Han Shin-Kap , Moen Phyllis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Both the family and workplace in the United States have been radically altered by events of the last four decades, and are still in flux. One of the most significant changes that directly bears on the occupational as well as family ‘careers’ of Americans is the large increase in the labour-force participation of women, especially married women, including mothers with young children. For instance, the labour-force participation rate of married women with children under age 6 increased rapidly in the United States in the latter half of the twentieth century, from 12 per cent in 1950 to 64 per cent in 1995 (US Bureau of the Census 1977: 392; 1996: 400). As of 1995, 70 per cent of US mothers with children under age 18 were in the labour force, and the corresponding figure was 61 per cent for mothers of children under age 3 (US Bureau of Labor Statistics 1996: 400).
Earnings as a Force of Attraction and Specialization in Sweden
Authors: Henz Ursula , Sundström Marianne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growth in female labour-force participation in industrialized countries during the 1960s and 1970s gave rise to a large body of research about factors influencing female labour supply. A common finding of these studies was that the woman's own wage tended to increase her labour-market activity, while the income of the husband tended to reduce it, and that the former effect exceeded the latter (see e.g. Killingsworth and Heckman 1986 for a review).
Pindar Meets Plato: Theory, Language, Value, and the Classics
Authors: Silk Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The recently published third edition of the Oxford Classical Dictionary contains a long article on ‘Literary Theory and Classical Studies’ (pp. 873-5) by Don and Peta Fowler, which on more than one count might be seen as a representative discussion. What it represents I wish to elucidate, partly by way of agreement, but also, and substantially, by way of critique.
The Anachronical Structure of Herodotus’ Structure of Histones*
Authors: de Jong Irene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most memorable scenes in the film The English Patient is when Almasy, having left behind his wounded lover Katherine in a cave in the desert, finally reaches a village and asks an English officer for a car so he can go back and save her. When the officer refuses, he desperately begs him to give him a car, any car: ‘just give me the fucking car.’ Not many viewers win realize that this scene in fact has been subtly prepared for in the first half of the film, during the first meeting between Almasy and Katherine. They are talking about literature, and Almasy claims that he does not need many adjectives: ‘A thing is still a thing no matter what you place in front of it. Big car, slow car, chauffeur-driven car-still a car.’ These words will acquire a dramatic significance through the events which follow. In view of the important role which Herodotus’ Histories plays in The English Patient, it seems appropriate to reverse the situation and use that story as a lead-in for a discussion of the Histories.
Latin Studies in Germany, 1933-1945: Institutional Conditions, Political Pressures, Scholarly Consequences
Authors: Schmidt Peter Lebrecht 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I am grateful for the invitation to participate in this colloquium on Wissenscha.ftstheorie and Wissenscha. ftsgeschichte, because it allows me to continue a topic which began to interest me professionally some years ago in connection with a conference on classics in the Germany of the I 920s, and which I plan to treat more completely in a book on latin scholarship in Germany from about 1850 to about 1950, that is, from Ritschl to Buchner, my own Doktorvater. The colloquial format of our symposium allows me to speak more informally and to include, as is inevitable in the case of my topic, some personal memories. One last private remark on a note of gratitude: I came to Wissenschaftsgeschichte through W. M. Calder III, and although I disagree with him on a number of points, including some doubts over whether the complete publication of all preserved letters even of such a gigantic figure as Wilamowitz is rea1ly called for, I remember fondly the fall semester of 1977 and my stay at the Villa Mowitz at Boulder, Colorado.
Comparative Openings of Speeches
Authors: Fraenkel Eduard , Drevikovsky Tomas , Muecke Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The basis of the invention here is clearly the play on ludi (‘games’); similar ones occur several times in Plautus, for example, Mil. 991: iam est ante aedis circus ubi sunt ludi faciundi mihi (‘Now there is before the house a circus arena where I must put on my games’), in a fragment of Cornicula (fr. 1 Leo): quid cessamus ludos facere? circus noster eccum adest (‘Why do we delay putting on our games? Here is our circus arena ready at hand’) and elsewhere.1 In the lines from Casina the mention of the Nemean and Olympian games is made possible only by this purely Latin play on words, so we must conclude that the games could not have occurred in this passage of the Greek original.2 Fredershausen3 has correctly pointed out the lines4 as a classic piece of evidence that Plautus in some circumstances also adds Greek material of his own.
Expansion of Monologues
Authors: Fraenkel Eduard , Drevikovsky Tomas , Muecke Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, Plautus had no qualms about stopping in the middle of dialogues to insert extended jokes which interfere with the coherence of the context, but there were other more convenient places for his expansions as well. By using scenes or parts of scenes in which no dialogue took place at all or had not yet begun, he did not need to cut the artfully woven threads of dialogue at one point and then tie them together, however hastily, at another; free of any constraints, he had space for his own elaborate embellishments. In fact it is in the monologues and monodies that we find the most extensive and independent Plautine additions. We shall now attempt to give an overview of them. Though it will be sufficient in some instances to make reference to passages already treated, I shall leave aside for the moment the actual monologues of characters alone on stage, and turn to the common ‘double monologues with a following dialogue’. Very frequently these scenes are so constructed that the character who has the main monologue does not notice the other who has been observing his entry from the beginning.
Implausibility in Conversations
Authors: Fraenkel Eduard , Drevikovsky Tomas , Muecke Frances 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After our consideration of the monologues, we now turn to a brief discussion of the occasions when dialogues are interrupted by a third character not seen by the speakers. Often there is only one eavesdropper—in this case we find short interpolated monologues; but just as often the main conversation can be interrupted by interchanges between two eavesdroppers. This custom of commenting on a dialogue on the stage itself is firmly entrenched and is amongst the most important dramatic devices of New Comedy; it is not different from the same kinds of interruptions in a monologue.1 In both cases it is assumed that the audience is accustomed to a conventional means of expression, and a certain degree of willing collusion is required, as one must not be too fussy when the first speaker is forced to make a pause to allow the interrupting speaker to be heard, though he is unaware of his presence. The imagination can cope with this easily; even the modern spectator, if he is capable of immersing himself in a literary work, will not be disturbed in the least by the first scene of the fourth act of Othello, for example, where Othello, from his hiding place, interrupts the conversation of Iago and Cassio with his commentary. The extent to which the imagination is able to bear the demands without difficulty varies according to whether it is a dialogue or a monologue which is being interrupted. Thinking aloud, by its very nature, can stop and begin again at any time; but when two people are in a real conversation, this is not the case. [213] Therefore those poets who liked to use this kind of interruption as a stock form had enough tact to restrict themselves to throwing in a brief utterance of one or two lines; a rejoinder of equal length was added in the case of an interruption which took the form of a dialogue. They always retained the character of explosive, emotionally driven interjections or rapid comments; they avoided rambling effusions at these points. This we observe throughout Menander and Terence, and usually also in Plautus; we may claim that this limitation is a general feature of New Comedy technique. Occasionally, however, Plautus ignores the need for plausibility and gives free rein to his wit in these interjections, too. As a rule it is not just the length of the interruption which reveals that the wording of the original has been expanded in these places. In Capt. 266 V. Tyndarus is
Love in a Postmodern Age: Contemporary Romance in France
Authors: Holmes Diana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Where second-wave feminism came to terms with romance, it was to assert female desire and the right to love freely against the traditional narrative of love which meant compulsory heterosexuality, acceptance of male authority, and a domestic and maternal role. In its contestation of what had been the structuring principles of social life, feminism was part of a broader wave of rebellious thinking— thinking that was authentically liberating, but that achieved some of its goals because it also converged with major material and economic developments in the late twentieth century. The emphasis on individual freedom rather than obedience to family, and on the right to one’s desires, both follow the liberatory logic of May 1968 and befit a sophisticated consumer society requiring a mobile, adaptable workforce and a public convinced of its right to consume (‘because you’re worth it’, as L’Oréal’s advertising slogan assured us).
France since 1800
Authors: Parry D L L , Girard Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this concise history of France since 1815, David Parry and Pierre Girard examine distinctive features of contemporary France, tracing their origins, and investigating their continuities and transformations. Each chapter focuses on a particular chronological period: beginning by setting the scene in terms of political events, the narrative then broadens out to consider the wider issues of society, economics, religion, the arts, gender relations, and France's relationship with Europe and with the rest of the world. This clearly written, accessible text will appeal to undergraduates studying French history, politics, and culture, as well as the general reader.
Charles X to Marshal MacMahon:1824–1877
Authors: Parry D L L , Girard Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Every French head of state from 1824 to 1877—king, emperor, or president—was either overthrown by revolution or forced out of oﬃce. Was France trapped in a cycle of monarchy, republic, and empire, or did it advance stumblingly towards stability, ﬁnally achieved by the Third Republic? Two sets of revolutionary tensions were in play: a political conﬂict between governments and parliamentary assemblies, and a social conﬂict between the haves and havenots. François Furet has called the Third Republic the ‘harbour ‘ reached by France after a century of revolutionary turmoil, establishing the victory of parliament and universal male suﬀrage. A course can be charted towards this port from 1830, when Charles X fell for refusing to accept the verdict of elections, through February 1848, when the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe fell for refusing to extend the franchise, to 1877, when President MacMahon repeated Charles ‘s action by calling elections to dispose of a chamber he did not like. However, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon ‘s nephew) demonstrated that this parliamentary victory was not inevitable when he revived Bonapartism as both a political and a dynastic formula. His coup d ‘état of December 1851 ﬁnished the Second Republic and replaced it with an empire underpinned by elections; though he tacked back towards parliamentarianism in the 1860s, defeat in the Franco-Prussian war ﬁnished his experiment before it had been tested. Throughout the century, there were also eruptions of social revolution, which made the political revolutions of 1830 and 1848 possible, and which turned into civil war in June 1848 and in the Paris Commune of 1871.
Private and Public: The Ur-Utu Archive at Sippar-Amnaānum (Tell ed-Dēr)
Authors: Lerberghe Karel Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1974 and 1975 the Belgian Archaeological Mission to Iraq headed by L. de Meyer discovered over 2,000 tablets in a ‘private house’ at Tell ed-De»r, the ancient Sippar-Amnānum. It soon became clear that the central person of this archive was a man by the name of Ur-Utu, chief lamentation priest (kalamā hum) of the goddess Annun»§tum. Ur-Utu held his office from yea”r 5 to year 18 of the reign of Ammi-s.aduqa (1647–1625 bc) (Tanret 2001). Archaeological evidence shows that the house in which the tablets were stored burnt down. Previously this fact has been interpreted by the archaeologists and epigraphists who have studied the archive (including myself) as proof that the storage of tablets was still going on at the time of the fire and that the Ur-Utu archive should therefore be considered an ‘active’ archive.
Greek Archives: From Record to Monument
Authors: Davies John k. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Archive’ as used in a classical or hellenistic Greek context has a significantly different denotation, in respect of format, location, intention, and audience, from its use in a Near Eastern context. Comparison will best be served by a straightforward description of what we have, together with some attempt to sketch the underlying procedures, assumptions, and values. I shall confine myself to Greek documentation of the archaic, classical, and hellenistic periods, and shall not broach the rather different phenomena and problems presented by the documentation from Roman Italy of the Republic, the Roman empire in general, or Graeco-Roman Egypt. For three reasons, no simple picture of Greek documentary records can be satisfactory. First, though Greek cultural unity was real, Greek political society was a mosaic of well over 150 pieces (some would put the figure much higher), each with its own procedures, although family resemblances and predominant patterns are visible. Second, the recovery of literacy in or by the mid-eighth century bc had far-reaching consequences. Though levels of literacy varied by gender, class, region, and period,2 while much (but not all)3 public and private business could be carried on by non-literates, literacy was widespread enough by the fifth century.
Queen Victoria
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nineteenth century saw the arrival of the mass media: high-volume illustrated newspapers and magazines, photography, and the telegraph which connected every part of the Empire. From the beginning, royalty was an essential subject for the media; Victoria’s reign was documented in a detail never known before: her accession and coronation, her very public marriage, her travels at home and abroad, her Jubilees, and ultimately her death and funeral. John Plunkett’s book is the first to study the role of the media in Queen Victoria’s reign. He argues that the development of popular print and visual media in the nineteenth century helped to reinvent the position of the monarchy in national life. He reveals how the royal family was one of the principal beneficiaries of the growth of cheap newspapers and illustrated periodicals and the advent of new media. He brings to light a wealth of previously unexamined material, including a detailed account of the emergence of royal journalism and the role of functionaries like the Court Newsman, and shows how photographs of Victoria were routinely retouched and manipulated in the latter decades of the century.
The Evolution of Print Culture and the Libels of Public Discourse
Authors: Knights Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Earlier chapters have explored sites where ‘politics’ and ‘the public’ met. Petitions, addresses, associations, and electioneering all necessitated some form of appeal to, and agency for, the public. Each of these points of con­ tact between state and people relied in some sense on print. Print allowed petitions and addresses to evolve from their manuscript forerunners into something novel. Similarly, the publication of nationwide addresses and electioneering advice helped to expand a national political culture. And it will also have been evident that print seemed to fix misrepresentations and hence provoked counter-claims, sparking a contested public dialogue. This chapter therefore examines the role of print more closely. More specifically, it seeks to relate the expansion of vituperative printed polemic to perceptions about an increasingly abusive, libellous, public discourse.
Introduction
Authors: Roe Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The writers, painters, and musicians in the Oxford Guide to Romanticism include Jane Austen, Anna Laetitia Barbauld, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Constable, Franz Josef Haydn, Leigh Hunt, John Keats, Mary Shelley, Charlotte Smith, J. M. W. Turner, Mary Wollstonecraft, and William Wordsworth. None of them thought of themselves or their age as ‘Romantic’, and the word ‘Romanticism’ did not become current until the mid-nineteenth century, long after most of them were dead. In Europe the meaning of ‘Romantic’ has varied from country to country, while the historical period of ‘Romanticism’ is a matter of continuing debate.
The Historical Context
Authors: Bainbridge Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The period from the American Declaration of Independence in 1776 to the passing of the Great Reform Bill in 1832 was one of the most dramatic in British history. It is often characterized as ‘the age of revolution’, in reference to events in America and France, to the rise of democracy, and to the various developments known collectively as the ‘industrial revolution’. However, while many historians have emphasized the extent to which Britain was transformed politically, economically, and socially during these years, some have argued that these transformations were produced in what might better be thought of as an ‘age of counter-revolution’ as the nation responded to the serious challenges posed by revolution and war (see Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age, pp. 3–4).
Philosophy and Religion
Authors: Gregory Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Romanticism has often been described as a ‘revolt’ against the eighteenth-century ‘Enlightenment’. Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the role and authority of ‘Reason’ in religious matters and in assessing traditional Christian ideas such as miracles, original sin, and the atoning death of Christ. ‘Have courage to use your own reason’, wrote the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, ‘that is the motto of the enlightenment.’ By contrast, Romantic writing and art frequently affirmed the value of feeling, the importance of unconscious forces, the mysterious depths of religious experience, and the limits of human rationality.
Easts
Authors: Leask Nigel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Stick to the East;—the oracle [Madame de Staël] told me it was the only poetical policy. The North, South, and West, have all been exhausted . . . the public are orientalizing, and pave the path for you.’ Thus Lord Byron to the Irish poet Tom Moore in May 1813, a year after he had achieved fame with the first two cantos of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, based on his own Levantine Grand Tour of 1809–11. Byron’s remarks give us insight into the workshop of Romantic orientalism, spiriting us behind the splendid façade to the nitty-gritty of poetic production. His canny exhortation ‘stick to the East’ suggests both the importance of oriental settings and materials for Romantic poets, as well as the sheer popular demand which stimulated them. Byron was the most accomplished orientalist poet of his generation: by 1813 he had completed The Giaour, the first of a series of Turkish Tales (The Bride of Abydos, The Corsair, and The Siege of Corinth).