bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Monoclonal Antibodies To Serotype
Bordetella pertussis
Isolates: Comparison of Results Obtained by Indirect Whole-Cell Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Bacterial Microagglutination Methods
Authors: Tsang Raymond S. W. , Sill Michelle L. , Advani Abdolreza , Xing Dorothy , Newland Penny , Hallander Hans 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Sixty-one
Bordetella pertussis
isolates were tested blindly in two laboratories to determine their serotype nature by monoclonal antibodies using two independent methods: the standard bacterial microagglutination assay and an indirect whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both methods gave concordant results in 60 of the 61 isolates.
Identification and Characterization of Genomic Variations between
Mycobacterium bovis
and
M. tuberculosis
H37Rv
Authors: Amadio Ariel , Romano María Isabel , Bigi Fabiana , Etchechoury Ignacio , Kubica Tanja , Niemann Stefan , Cataldi Angel , Caimi Karina 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Genetic differences between
Mycobacterium bovis
and
M. tuberculosis
were identified. We found (i) a deletion of
Rv3479
specific to
M. bovis
, (ii) that the
rpfA
gene is shortened to various extents in
M. bovis
, and (iii) an insertion in
Rv0648
and a duplication of
lppA
common in
M. tuberculosis
complex isolates.
Clonal Spread of Pediatric Isolates of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant,
emm
Type 6
Streptococcus pyogenes
Authors: Alonso Rodrigo , Mateo Estibaliz , Galimand Marc , Garaizar Javier , Courvalin P. , Cisterna Ramón 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Twenty-four community isolates of
Streptococcus pyogenes
resistant to ciprofloxacin and susceptible to levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin were studied. Sequence determination of the quinolone resistance-determining regions in the
gyrA
and
parC
genes revealed a T/G mutation in
parC
leading to a Ser79Ala substitution in ParC. All isolates were of the
emm
type 6, and 18 and 2 of them were indistinguishable or closely related, respectively, on the basis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Erythromycin-Resistant Group A Streptococcal Isolates Collected between 2000 and 2005 in Oahu, Hawaii, and Their
emm
Types
Authors: Erdem Guliz , Ford Jacqueline , Johnson Dwight , Abe Lucienne , Yamaga Karen , Kaplan Edward 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT
We examined erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities with Etest methodology among 546 group A streptococcal isolates collected in Hawaii between February 2000 and November 2004. Erythromycin resistance was low (3.1%). No isolate was clindamycin resistant. The prevalence of erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci remains low in Hawaii.
Oral
Campylobacter
Species Involved in Extraoral Abscess: a Report of Three Cases
Authors: Han Xiang Y. , Tarrand Jeffrey J. , Rice David C. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

Oral
Campylobacter
species are rarely reported to cause extraoral infections. Here we present three cases of extraoral abscess caused by an oral
Campylobacter
sp. and a
Streptococcus
sp. The
Campylobacter
species were all isolated anaerobically and identified by sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. The cases included a breast abscess caused by
Campylobacter rectus
and a non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus in a patient with lymphoma, a liver abscess caused by
Campylobacter curvus
and an alpha-hemolytic streptococcus in a patient with complicated ovarian cancer, and a postobstructive bronchial abscess caused by
C. curvus
and group C beta-hemolytic
Streptococcus constellatus
in a patient with lung cancer. The abscesses were drained or resected, and the patients were treated with antibiotics with full resolution of the lesions. The
C. curvus
cases are likely the first reported infections by this organism, and the
C. rectus
case represents the second such reported extraoral infection.
New Species of
Bordetella
,
Bordetella ansorpii
sp. nov., Isolated from the Purulent Exudate of an Epidermal Cyst
Authors: Ko Kwan Soo , Peck Kyong Ran , Oh Won Sup , Lee Nam Yong , Lee Jang Ho , Song Jae-Hoon 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACT

A gram-negative bacillus, SMC-8986
T
, which was isolated from the purulent exudate of an epidermal cyst but could not be identified by a conventional microbiologic method, was characterized by a variety of phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that this bacterium belongs to the genus
Bordetella
but diverged distinctly from previously described
Bordetella
species. Analyses of cellular fatty acid composition and performance of biochemical tests confirmed that this bacterium is distinct from other
Bordetella
species. Furthermore, the results of comparative sequence analyses of two protein-coding genes (
risA
and
ompA
) also showed that this strain represents a new species within the genus
Bordetella
. Based on the evaluated phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that SMC-8986
T
should be classified as a new species, namely
Bordetella ansorpii
sp. nov.
BartonellaSpecies as a Potential Cause of Epistaxis in Dogs
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Hegarty Barbara C. , Maggi Ricardo , Hawkins Eleanor , Dyer Page 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTInfection with aBartonellaspecies was implicated in three cases of epistaxis in dogs, based upon isolation, serology, or PCR amplification. These cases, in conjunction with previously published reports, support a potential role forBartonellaspp. as a cause of epistaxis in dogs and potentially in other animals, including humans.
Life-threatening nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in a patient with a null mutation in the PKLR gene and no compensatory PKM gene expression
Authors: Diez Amalia , Gilsanz Florinda , Martinez Joaquin , Pérez-Benavente Susana , Meza Néstor W. , Bautista José M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractHuman erythrocyte R-type pyruvate kinase (RPK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder produced by mutations in the PKLR gene, causing chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Survival of patients with severe RPK deficiency has been associated with compensatory expression in red blood cells (RBCs) of M2PK, an isoenzyme showing wide tissue distribution. We describe a novel homozygous null mutation of the PKLR gene found in a girl with a prenatal diagnosis of PK deficiency. The mutant PK gene revealed an 11-nucleotide (nt) duplication at exon 8, causing frameshift of the PKLR transcript, predicting a truncated protein inferred to have no catalytic activity. Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) detected no M2PK expression in the peripheral blood red cell fraction. The expression of mutant RPK mRNA in the RBCs was almost 6 times higher than that detected in a control patient with hereditary spherocytosis. This molecular phenotypic analysis of the null mutation in the PKLR gene provides evidence for a lack of M2PK in the mature RBCs of this patient and suggests that normal red cell functions and survival are achieved through a population of young erythroid cells released into the circulation in response to anemia. (Blood. 2005;106:1851-1856)
Guanylic nucleotide starvation affects Saccharomyces cerevisiae mother-daughter separation and may be a signal for entry into quiescence
Authors: Sagot Isabelle , Schaeffer Jacques , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Guanylic nucleotides are both macromolecules constituents and crucial regulators for a variety of cellular processes. Therefore, their intracellular concentration must be strictly controlled. Consistently both yeast and mammalian cells tightly correlate the transcription of genes encoding enzymes critical for guanylic nucleotides biosynthesis with the proliferation state of the cell population.

Results
To gain insight into the molecular relationships connecting intracellular guanylic nucleotide levels and cellular proliferation, we have studied the consequences of guanylic nucleotide limitation on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle progression. We first utilized mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressive drug that specifically inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, the enzyme catalyzing the first committed step in de novo GMP biosynthesis. To approach this system physiologically, we next developed yeast mutants for which the intracellular guanylic nucleotide pools can be modulated through changes of growth conditions. In both the pharmacological and genetic approaches, we found that guanylic nucleotide limitation generated a mother-daughter separation defect, characterized by cells with two unseparated daughters. We then showed that this separation defect resulted from cell wall perturbations but not from impaired cytokinesis. Importantly, cells with similar separation defects were found in a wild type untreated yeast population entering quiescence upon nutrient limitation.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate that guanylic nucleotide limitation slows budding yeast cell cycle progression, with a severe pause in telophase. At the cellular level, guanylic nucleotide limitation causes the emergence of cells with two unseparated daughters. By fluorescence and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that this phenotype arises from defects in cell wall partition between mother and daughter cells. Because cells with two unseparated daughters are also observed in a wild type population entering quiescence, our results reinforce the hypothesis that guanylic nucleotide intracellular pools contribute to a signal regulating both cell proliferation and entry into quiescence.
PathwayVoyager: pathway mapping using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database
Authors: Altermann Eric , Klaenhammer Todd R 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Background
Equally important and challenging as genome annotation, is the subsequent classification of predicted genes into their respective pathways. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) represents a database consisting of known genes and their respective biochemical functionalities. Although accessible online, analyses of multiple genes are time consuming and are not suitable for analyzing data sets that are proprietary.

Results
Presented here is a new software solution that utilizes the KEGG online database for pathway mapping of partial and whole prokaryotic genomes. PathwayVoyager retrieves user-defined subsets of the KEGG database and stores the data as local, blast-formatted databases. Previously selected datasets can be re-used, reducing run-time significantly. Whole or partial genomes can be automatically analyzed using NCBI's BlastP algorithm and ORFs with similarities below the user-defined threshold will be marked on pathway maps. Multiple gene hits are sorted by similarity. Since no sequence information is transmitted over the Internet, PathwayVoyager is an ideal solution for pathway mapping and reconstruction of confidential DNA sequence data.

Conclusion
PathwayVoyager represents an alternative approach to many already existing, more complex pathway reconstructions software solutions. This software does not require any dedicated hardware or software and is flexible and straightforward to use. It is ideally suited for environments where analyses on variable datasets are desired.
Nelarabine: A Nucleoside Analog with Efficacy in T-Cell and other Leukemias
Authors: Kisor David F 
Published: May 2005

OBJECTIVE: To present the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of nelarabine, 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G) and intraleukemic cellular pharmacokinetics of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine triphosphate (ara-GTP) generated from the administration of nelarabine, and clinical and safety information relative to nelarabine use in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966—December 2004) was searched using the English-language key terms 2-amino-6-methoxypurine arabinoside, 506U78, and nelarabine. Data were also obtained from published abstracts. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical studies evaluating the pharmacokinetics of nelarabine, ara-G, and cellular ara-GTP and use of nelarabine, alone or in combination with other agents for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, were included in this review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nelarabine is the water-soluble, 6-methoxy analog of 9-β-D-ara-G. Nelarabine is readily converted to ara-G by endogenous adenosine deaminase. The half-life of nelarabine is approximately 15 minutes compared with 2–4 hours for ara-G. The clearance of ara-G is higher in children than in adults (0.312 vs 0.213 L × h−1 × kg−1). Intracellular ara-GTP elimination is slow relative to nelarabine and ara-G. In pediatric and adult patients, neurologic toxicity is dose limiting. Severe myelosuppression was not consistently observed. Major responses were seen in patients with T-cell malignancies. Patients who responded had significantly higher intracellular ara-GTP concentrations compared with those who did not respond. CONCLUSIONS: Nelarabine is an effective ara-G prodrug. Nelarabine has significant activity against malignant T-cells and appears to be an important addition to treatments of various leukemias.
Impact of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on the Cardioprotective Effects of Aspirin
Authors: Corman Shelby L , Fedutes Bethany A , Ansani Nicole T 
Published: May 2005

OBJECTIVE: To examine the evidence of a pharmacodynamic interaction between aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); specifically, to determine whether a deleterious relationship exists with respect to the cardioprotective effects of aspirin. DATA SOURCES: Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966—May 2004). Search terms included aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, drug interaction, mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All prospective and retrospective studies conducted in human subjects and investigating the potential interaction between aspirin and NSAIDs were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Several controlled pharmacodynamic studies indicate that the sustained inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by aspirin is blunted in the presence of some NSAIDs. While these data are fairly consistent, they are limited in that they rely on surrogate markers and not clinical outcomes. Observational studies have shown conflicting results regarding the effect of combination NSAID and aspirin therapy on mortality risk and incidence of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacodynamic data indicating an interaction between aspirin and NSAIDs have not translated to a consistent clinical effect in observational studies. In the absence of a randomized, controlled, clinical outcomes study, there is insufficient evidence to dictate a change in therapy.
Atomoxetine Ingestions in Children: A Report from Poison Centers
Authors: Spiller Henry A , Lintner Chris P , Winter Mark L 
Published: May 2005

BACKGROUND: Atomoxetine uses a novel nonstimulant approach to the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. There is limited information on overdose of atomoxetine in children or adults. OBJECTIVE: To provide information on atomoxetine in overdose. METHODS: Case series were conducted at 3 regional poison centers for atomoxetine ingestion in children (age ⩽17 y). Exclusion criteria were polypharmacy or lack of follow-up. RESULTS: Forty patients were included (25 boys; 63%) in the study. The mean ± SD age was 6.1 ± 4.9 years (range 9 mo–17 y). Twenty-five patients were managed at home, 14 in hospital emergency departments (3 children were admitted), and 1 patient was managed in a physician's office. Symptoms reported were tachycardia, drowsiness, nausea, hypertension, and vomiting. A seizure was reported in one child who had recently started atomoxetine therapy. No arrhythmias beyond sinus tachycardia were reported. Mean maximum heart rate in patients with tachycardia was 131 ± 14 beats/min. The mean dose ingested, categorized by medical outcome, was: no effect (n = 22), 40 ± 32 mg; minor effect (n = 14), 167 ± 221 mg; and moderate effect (n = 4), 249 ± 326 mg. There were no major outcomes or fatalities. The lowest dose ingested that resulted in hypertension was 480 mg, in a 14-year-old girl (BP 136/95 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: In this case series, clinically significant cardiovascular effects requiring direct intervention did not occur. Activated charcoal and/or observation appear to be sufficient for accidental ingestion. Further investigation may be needed to indicate whether seizures occur from atomoxetine ingestion.
Multisensory Space Representations in the Macaque Ventral Intraparietal Area
Authors: Schlack Anja , Sterbing-D'Angelo Susanne J. , Hartung Klaus , Hoffmann Klaus-Peter , Bremmer Frank 
Published: May 2005

Animals can use different sensory signals to localize objects in the environment. Depending on the situation, the brain either integrates information from multiple sensory sources or it chooses the modality conveying the most reliable information to direct behavior. This suggests that somehow, the brain has access to a modality-invariant representation of external space. Accordingly, neural structures encoding signals from more than one sensory modality are best suited for spatial information processing. In primates, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a key structure for spatial representations. One substructure within human and macaque PPC is the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), known to represent visual, vestibular, and tactile signals. In the present study, we show for the first time that macaque area VIP neurons also respond to auditory stimulation. Interestingly, the strength of the responses to the acoustic stimuli greatly depended on the spatial location of the stimuli [i.e., most of the auditory responsive neurons had surprisingly small spatially restricted auditory receptive fields (RFs)].Given this finding, we compared the auditory RF locations with the respective visual RF locations of individual area VIP neurons. In the vast majority of neurons, the auditory and visual RFs largely overlapped. Additionally, neurons with well aligned visual and auditory receptive fields tended to encode multisensory space in a common reference frame. This suggests that area VIP constitutes a part of a neuronal circuit involved in the computation of a modality-invariant representation of external space.
Locus Ceruleus Control of Slow-Wave Homeostasis
Authors: Cirelli Chiara , Huber Reto , Gopalakrishnan Anupama , Southard Teresa L. , Tononi Giulio 
Published: May 2005

Sleep intensity is regulated by the duration of previous wakefulness, suggesting that waking results in the progressive accumulation of sleep need (Borbély and Achermann, 2000). In mammals, sleep intensity is reflected by slow-wave activity (SWA) in the nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep electroencephalogram, which increases in proportion to the time spent awake. However, the mechanisms responsible for the increase of NREM SWA after wakefulness remain unclear. According to a recent hypothesis (Tononi and Cirelli, 2003), the increase in SWA occurs because during wakefulness, many cortical circuits undergo synaptic potentiation, as evidenced by the widespread induction of long-term potentiation (LTP)-related genes in the brain of awake animals. A direct prediction of this hypothesis is that manipulations interfering with the induction of LTP-related genes should result in a blunted SWA response.Here, we examined SWA response in rats in which cortical norepinephrine (NA) was depleted, a manipulation that greatly reduces the induction of LTP-related genes during wakefulness (Cirelli and Tononi, 2004). We found that the homeostatic response of the lower-range SWA was markedly and specifically reduced after NA depletion. These data suggest that the wake-dependent accumulation of sleep need is causally related to cellular changes dependent on NA release, such as the induction of LTP-related genes, and support the hypothesis that sleep SWA homeostasis may be related to synaptic potentiation during wakefulness.
An Educational Intervention Using the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Depression Guidelines among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Kick Steven D. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: To determine if a brief educational intervention utilizing the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) Depression Guidelines would effect improved recognition of depressed patients, as well as improved attitudes and knowledge, among Internal Medicine housestaff. Method: This was a randomized trial of an educational intervention for Internal Medicine residents. All patients attending the resident clinics were screened using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Persons scoring greater than 16 constituted the prospective cohort. Three hundred eighty-four patients were screened for entry into the study. Of 160 persons meeting the entry criteria, follow up was available on seventy-two (60%). Residents were randomly assigned to receive the educational intervention which consisted of three sessions where the residents received copies and instructions about the AHCPR depression guidelines and the use of a case-finding instrument for depression. Results: Non-recognized patients had milder symptoms of depression than did recognized patients. The presence of depressive symptoms was strongly related to measures of health status. Only seven of the seventy-two patients were identified as depressed and this was distributed equally between the two groups of residents. Intervention residents showed sustained improvement regarding depression criteria and the use of screening instruments at six months. Conclusions: A brief educational intervention effected changes in resident attitudes and knowledge regarding the care of depressed patients. Residents recognized patients with greater depressive symptoms than those with milder symptoms.