bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice‐husk‐ash‐based silica as a filler for embedding composites in electronic devices
Authors: Suwanprateeb J. , Hatthapanit K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe carried out a feasibility study of the use of black rice husk ash (RHA) as a filler in epoxy resin for embedding material in electrical and electronic applications. We made a comparison by mixing RHA and two commercial fillers, fused and crystalline silica, with epoxy resin at weight fractions ranging from 20–60%. RHA‐filled epoxy resin had higher mixing viscosity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and water absorption percentage than commercial‐silica‐filled epoxy composite. However, the impact strength of all composites was comparable, but the tensile strength and elongation at break of silica‐filled epoxy were slightly superior. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3013–3020, 2002
Microgels as new support materials for heterogeneous cocatalysts in ethylene polymerization reactions
Authors: Helldörfer Markus , Alt Helmut G. , Ebenhoch Jochen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMicrogels are monodisperse poly(organosiloxane) microparticles that can be functionalized at their surface. These materials were tested as supports for heterogeneous cocatalysts of the methylaluminoxane type and were used for the polymerizations of olefins with transition‐metal catalysts. The cocatalysts were synthesized directly on the surfaces of the microgel particles by the partial hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum and were then used for the activation of homogeneous catalyst precursors. Complexes of various chemical natures were successfully activated and optimized through variations in the Al/H2O ratio used for the synthesis. Metallocene dichloride complexes and coordination compounds of iron and nickel were tested as catalysts for ethylene polymerization, and the results were compared with the results for the homogeneous systems and heterogeneous systems supported on silica gel (SiO2). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3021–3029, 2002
Microdispersion of polyphenylene ether in polyphenylene sulfide/polyphenylene ether alloy compatibilized by styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Kubo Kimihiro , Masamoto Junzo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe polyphenylene sulfide/polyphenylene ether (PPS/PPE) alloy is desired for use as an engineering plastic. In this case, microdispersion of PPE in the PPS matrix is preferable. We have developed a new method for the preparation of a PPS/PPE alloy that has microdispersed PPE in the PPS matrix. The reactive processing of PPS with PPE gave a PPS/PPE alloy with a microdispersed PPE in the PPS matrix, using styrene‐co‐glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (SG) as a compatibilizer. Although the general properties of the PPS/PPE alloy did not depend on the PPE particle size, tensile strength at the weld part is found to be strongly dependent on PPE particle size. Only the finely dispersed PPE system gave tensile strength at the weld part comparable that of PPS. The PPS/PPE alloy shows superior property to PPS at elevated temperature and, moreover, attains the an advantage of precise molding. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3030–3034, 2002
Electrochemical degradation of polyfuran in wet acetonitrile and aqueous solutions
Authors: Wan Xiao‐Bo , Li Liang , He Jin‐Bo , Zhou Dong‐Shan , Xue Gi , Wang Tian‐Wei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe degradation of polyfuran in a wet acetonitrile solution and in an aqueous solution has been investigated with a cyclic voltammetry technique, along with Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy techniques. Infrared spectroscopy shows that the main defects that exist in polyfuran after cycling in dried acetonitrile are mainly saturated CH structures, whereas those after cycling in an aqueous solution are mainly carbonyl groups in the polymer chain. This may be because polyfuran can undergo degradation through a crosslinking mechanism in a dried acetonitrile solution, whereas in an aqueous solution, it undergoes degradation through a nucleophilic attack mechanism. Raman spectroscopy shows that not all the furan rings are involved in the degradation process, although the electrochemical activity of polyfuran is totally lost in an aqueous solution after only one cycle. The sites that are sensitive to the degradation process may be the electrochemically active sites, that is, the positively charged sites in polyfuran chains. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3160–3165, 2002
Headspace solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry reveals a correlation between the degradation product pattern and changes in the mechanical properties during the thermooxidation of in‐plant recycled polyamide 6,6
Authors: Gröning Mikael , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe increased susceptibility of in‐plant recycled polyamide 6,6 toward thermooxidation was shown by headspace solid‐phase microextraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC‐MS), tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A correlation between the deterioration in mechanical properties and the formation of degradation products due to thermooxidation was found, and the most prominent decrease in mechanical properties coincided with the largest increase in the abundance of degradation products. The recycled materials had a shorter induction period toward oxidation, and their mechanical properties deteriorated faster than the mechanical properties of virgin material. The same trend was observed with HS‐SPME/GC‐MS because degradation products were found for recycled materials after oxidation times shorter than those for virgin material. Furthermore, larger amounts of degradation products were formed in the recycled materials. The high sensitivity of HS‐SPME/GC‐MS as an analytical tool was demonstrated because it was able to detect changes caused by oxidation considerably earlier than the other methods. Unlike DSC and FTIR, it could also show differences between samples recycled for different times. Four groups of degradation products—cyclic imides, pyridines, chain fragments, and cyclopentanones—were identified in thermooxidized polyamide 6,6. After 1200 h of thermooxidation, 1‐pentyl‐2,5‐pyrrolidinedione was the most abundant degradation product. Approximately four times more 1‐pentyl‐2,5‐pyrrolidinedione was formed in polyamide recycled three times than in virgin polyamide. Pyridines and chain fragments behaved toward oxidation and repeated processing like cyclic imides; that is, their amounts increased during oxidation, and larger amounts were formed in recycled materials than in virgin material. The cyclopentanone derivatives were present already in unaged material, and their amounts decreased during oxidation. Cyclopentanones were not formed because of the thermooxidation of polyamide 6,6. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3396–3407, 2002
Antiwear and lubrication properties of polyurethane/polytetrafluoroethylene‐bonded coating
Authors: Tian J. , Huang Y. L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles were irradiated with 60Co γ‐ray to improve their dispersing capacity in polyurethane (PU), which was used as a binder of a PTFE‐based bonded solid lubricating coating. The PU/PTFE‐bonded solid lubricating coating was prepared on a steel block by spraying and curing at room ambient, and the tribological properties of the PU/PTFE coatings were evaluated on a ring‐on‐block tester at a speed of 1.25–2.5 m/s and a load of 314–785 N. The wear life of bonded coatings on PTFE volume concentrations, curing humidities and times, coating thickness, and sliding conditions was also investigated. It was found that a 60‐μm thickness coating, which has a 40% PTFE volume concentration, cured at 75% relative humidity for 4 days, has a longer wear life of 844 m/μm at 314 N and 1.25 m/s. The PTFE/PU coating was wear‐resistant when the load × speed value was less than 687 Nm/s−1; at same time, the wear life for a thinner coating is sensitive to sliding condition variations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 3454–3459, 2002
Lesbian and gay identity: European perspectives
Authors: Markowe Laura A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDistinctive European social psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay identity reflect an emphasis on thoroughly social understandings and on multiple identities, often examined using qualitative research methods. Potential areas for future study include the relationship between lesbian, gay and bisexual identities and emerging European identity/identities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Roach Mack 
Published: October 2002

D'Amico et al. hypothesized that “low‐risk” and low biopsy tumor volume “intermediate‐risk” patients who are treated with RP fare significantly better than patients treated with conventional‐dose RT. However, patient selection and the choice of end points as well as the use of low dose radiation leaves this issue unresolved. See also pages 211–4 and 281–6.
Impact of aging on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with posttransfusion chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Hamada Hisayuki , Yatsuhashi Hiroshi , Yano Koji , Daikoku Manabu , Arisawa Kokichi , Inoue Osami , Koga Michiaki , Nakata Keisuke , Eguchi Katsumi , Yano Michitami 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a heterogeneous disease, the natural history of which remains controversial. There is solid evidence that chronic HCV infection is responsible for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the current cohort study was to determine the rate of the development of HCC from the time of primary HCV infection and to assess the risk factors for the development of HCC in chronic posttransfusion hepatitis C patients.METHODSFour hundred sixty‐nine patients with clinically compensated HCV, who had undergone a single blood transfusion comprised the current study cohort. Patients with other risk factors for chronic liver disease were excluded. All patients were referred to the liver center at the National Nagasaki Medical Center between December 1980 and December 1998 and were followed prospectively until the end of the analysis (June 2000).RESULTSFollow‐up data were obtained for 445 patients. The mean duration from HCV infection to the end of the observation was 28 years. Fifty‐two patients (11.1%) progressed to HCC. The mean duration from the time of blood transfusion to the diagnosis of HCC was 31 years. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed age, fibrosis, duration from HCV infection to study entry, and alcohol consumption to be the independent factors affecting the development of HCC. The risk of developing HCC in patients age ≥ 56 years was increased 7.8‐fold compared with that in patients age < 56 years. The mean age of patients at the time of HCC diagnosis was 65 years (range, 58–79 years).CONCLUSIONSAt the time of diagnosis, 92% of the 52 HCC patients were age > 60 years and 38 of the HCC patients (73%) were in their 60s. There was a significantly negative correlation between the duration from HCV infection to the development of HCC and the age of the patient at the time of infection (correlation coefficient = 0.702; P < 0.0001; Y = 61.1–0.82X), indicating that the age of patients, rather than the duration of HCV infection, is more significant for HCC development in patients with posttransfusion HCV. Moreover, these data may contribute to the design of an optimal follow‐up schedule for patients with posttransfusion HCV. Cancer 2002;95:331–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10662
Treating cancer with PEG Intron
Authors: Bukowski Ronald M. , Tendler Craig , Cutler David , Rose Esther , Laughlin Mark M. , Statkevich Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDPEG Intron (pegylated interferon‐alpha‐2b [IFN‐α‐2b]; Schering‐Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) has demonstrated delayed clearance and increased area under the curve compared with native IFN‐α‐2b. Studies in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and malignancies have demonstrated both biologic and clinical activity of PEG Intron and have provided empiric data to compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of PEG Intron and IFN‐α‐2b.METHODSThe authors conducted a review of the available data comparing the PK and pharmacodynamic effects of PEG Intron and IFN‐α‐2b. Safety and efficacy data from Phase I/II studies of PEG Intron in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and solid tumors were also reviewed.RESULTSData from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection suggest that exposure to IFN at a PEG Intron dose of 0.25 μg/kg per week is similar to that observed after administration of IFN‐α‐2b at a dose of 3 million International Units, three times per week. PEG Intron at doses up to 6 μg/kg per week was well tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in patients with CML and solid tumors, including metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.CONCLUSIONSDose intensification can be achieved safely in patients with CML and solid tumors using PEG Intron, which could improve efficacy. These results provide useful dosing guidelines to clinicians investigating the antitumor activity of PEG Intron in patients with malignancies. More data are needed to determine the optimal dose in various oncologic indications. However, these results provide a sound rationale for further investigation of PEG Intron. Cancer 2002;95:389–96. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10663
Initial decline in hemoglobin during neoadjuvant hormonal therapy predicts for early prostate specific antigen failure following radiation and hormonal therapy for patients with intermediate and high‐risk prostate cancer
Authors: D'Amico Anthony V. , Saegaert Tara , Chen Ming‐Hui , Renshaw Andrew A. , George Daniel , Oh William , Kantoff Philip W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDeclines in serum hemoglobin (Hgb) levels occur from the use of androgen suppression therapy (AST) in the treatment of prostate cancer patients. We studied whether time to prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure following external beam radiation therapy (RT) and AST could be predicted by the rate of decline in the Hgb level following the administration of neoadjuvant AST or by the Hgb level at presentation or at the start of RT.METHODSThe study cohort comprised 110 intermediate or high‐risk prostate cancer patients who were managed using three‐dimensional conformal RT (70 Gy) and 6 months of AST (2 months neoadjuvant, concurrent, and adjuvant). A Cox regression multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate the ability of the rate of decline of the Hgb from baseline to the start of RT, baseline PSA level, Gleason score, percent positive biopsies, and T‐category to predict time to PSA failure.RESULTSA decline in the Hgb level of 1 g/dL or more during the first month of AST was the only significant predictor of time to PSA failure (P= 0.02) on multivariable analysis. The relative risk of PSA failure (95% confidence interval) for patients with a decline in Hgb level during the first month (≥ 1 g/dL vs. < 1 g/dL) was 6.3 (2.4, 8.3) and the 3‐year estimate of PSA outcome was 66% versus 82% (P= 0.04), respectively. There were no imbalances in the pretreatment prognostic factors or length of follow‐up in each of these groups.CONCLUSIONA decline of 1 g/dL or more in Hgb level during the first month of neoadjuvant AST was a predictor of early PSA failure following RT and AST in intermediate and high‐risk prostate cancer patients. Cancer 2002;95:275–80. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10673
Proteins of the PDI family: Unpredicted non‐ER locations and functions
Authors: Turano Carlo , Coppari Sabina , Altieri Fabio , Ferraro Anna 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProtein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) constitute a family of structurally related enzymes which catalyze disulfide bonds formation, reduction, or isomerization of newly synthesized proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They act also as chaperones, and are, therefore, part of a quality‐control system for the correct folding of the proteins in the same subcellular compartment. While their functions in the ER have been thoroughly studied, much less is known about their roles in non‐ER locations, where, however, they have been shown to be involved in important biological processes. At least three proteins of this family from higher vertebrates have been found in unusual locations (i.e., the cell surface, the extracellular space, the cytosol, and the nucleus), reached through an export mechanism which has not yet been understood. In some cases their function in the non‐ER location is clearly related to their redox properties, but in most cases their mechanism of action has still to be disclosed, although their propensity to associate with other proteins or even with DNA might be the main factor responsible for their activities. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural characterization of acetylpyridinium–ethyl pyruvate adducts by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Bartók Mihály , Bartók Tibor , Szöllősi György , Felföldi Károly 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe reactions of ethyl pyruvate with acetic anhydride and pyridine were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Ethyl 2‐acetoxy‐2‐pyridiniumpropionate (1) (m/z 238) resulting from the reaction of the acetylpyridinium cation with ethyl pyruvate, and the adduct of ethyl 2‐acetoxyacrylate with a pyridinium cation (2), bound together by non‐covalent interactions (m/z 238), were identified by ESI‐MS for the first time. Structures 1 and 2 cannot be distinguished, probably because one may be converted into the other and vice versa. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visualization of cell cycling by an improvement in slice culture methods
Authors: Miyata Takaki , Kawaguchi Ayano , Saito Kanako , Kuramochi Hiroshi , Ogawa Masaharu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSlice culture combined with the use of fluorescent dyes and/or the introduction of fluorescent protein genes provides live and three‐dimensional information on cytogenetic and histogenetic events at the level of the individual cell. Using slices prepared from midembryonic mouse cerebral wall tissue upon which fine DiI crystals were placed on the pial or ventricular surface, we recently found that dividing progenitor cells do not lose their pia‐connected (basal) processes and that the processes are inherited by daughter cells, including neurons (Miyata et al. [2001] Neuron 31:727–741). To understand more fully the biological significance of this inheritance process, the fate of each daughter cell should be monitored over a culture period extended long enough to allow a neuron to migrate up to the cortex or for a progenitor to proceed to the next round of division. Exposure of slices to 40%, instead of 20%, O2 significantly improved their overall thickening, cell production, and layer formation and also provided better spatial resolution by preventing the loss of transparency that accompanies cell death. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth factor treatment promotes mobilization of young but not aged adult subventricular zone precursors in response to demyelination
Authors: Decker Laurence , Picard‐Riera Nathalie , Lachapelle François , Baron‐Van Evercooren Anne 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrecursor cells of the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) are mobilized and recruited by a lysolecithin (LPC)‐induced demyelination of the corpus callosum. Because age decreases the proliferation of the SVZ neural precursors as well as the potential for myelin repair of the adult central nervous system, we have compared the ability of young and aged adult neural precursors to respond to LPC‐induced demyelination. With age, the SVZ cells lost their capacity to proliferate and to be recruited by the lesion. Whereas a single injection of fibroblast growth factor‐2 or transforming growth factor‐α stimulated the proliferation of SVZ and rostral migratory stream precursors in both groups of animals after demyelination, they favored recruitment at the lesion in young mice but not in aged ones. In vitro experiments using neurospheres derived from young and aged animals indicated that both populations have the same migratory performances. Our in vivo data thus suggest that aged neural precursors may loose their intrinsic capacities to respond to demyelination‐induced signals. Alternatively, their function may be altered by modification of the aged extracellular environment. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The determination of beginning‐ and end‐of‐period live weights of growing pigs
Authors: Schofield C Patrick , Whittemore Colin T , Green Darren M , Pascual Mariam D 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOptimisation of meat production systems depends upon accurate performance assessment. Weigh platforms in electronic feeding stations allow continuous monitoring of individual pig weight change. Such a system was compared with a conventional mechanical scale with the general result: feeding station weight (kg) = 1.02 (0.010) scale weight − 1.65 (0.766). As compared with the conventional scale measurement at start and at finish of test, back extrapolation of daily weights collected over time in electronic feeding stations may give an improved estimate of start weight, and forward extrapolation an improved estimate of final weight. Regression predictions suggest this to be the case for final weight, but for start weight both systems are open to error due to variation in weight in the early days of test. However, such variation (and its diagnostic utility) is only observable with a system that continuously monitors weight.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Diffusion of lactic acid in a buffered gel system supporting growth of Lactobacillus curvatus
Authors: Malakar Pradeep K , Zwietering Marcel H , Boom Remko M , Brocklehurst Tim F , Wilson Peter D G , Mackie Alan R , van 't Riet Klaas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDiffusion of lactic acid in a buffered gel system was investigated using fluorescent ratio imaging. The range of pH studied was from 5.5 to 3.8, which included the minimum pH of growth of Lactobacillus curvatus (4.26). Diffusion of lactic acid in this pH range was found to be Fickian and the estimated effective diffusion coefficient of lactic acid at 20 °C was 2.81 × 10−10 m2 s−1 with a standard deviation of 0.21 × 10−10 m2 s−1. This effective diffusion coefficient was estimated by fitting the one‐dimensional solution of the Fickian diffusion equation for infinite systems to a transformed experimental data set. The original data set as recorded by the fluorescent microscope consisted of concentration–distance curves at specific time intervals. This was transformed by realigning the distance scale of all the concentration–distance curves.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry