bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of surgical modalities for the gynecomastia treatment: efficiency and aesthetic outcomes
Authors: Chen Debo , Chen Jialin , Huang Yiqin , Hong Chengye , Li Liangqiang , Cai Bimei , Hong Zhipeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study rigorously compares the clinical efficacy of three surgical methodologies for treating gynecomastia while providing guidance for future surgical modality selection. We analyzed records of 77 gynecomastia patients treated between January 2015 and October 2022. Patients were categorized into three groups: Group A (subcutaneous gland resection via areola incision), Group B (liposuction combined with single‐hole endoscopic gland resection), and Group C (liposuction combined with three‐hole endoscopic gland resection). Parameters assessed included patient demographics, intraoperative bleeding, surgical duration, hospitalization duration, costs, postoperative drainage, complications, and patient satisfaction. Group A had significantly shorter operation time and lower cost than Groups B and C (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative drainage (P > 0.05). Group A had a higher incidence of subcutaneous fluid complications. All groups achieved 100% overall postoperative efficiency. Group B demonstrated superior outcomes for scarring and patient satisfaction. All three surgical modalities effectively treat gynecomastia. Circumareolar incision subcutaneous gland resection is optimal for mild to moderate cases due to reduced operation time and cost. Liposuction with single‐hole endoscopic gland resection and three‐hole endoscopic gland resection offers fewer complications and discreet incisions. Notably, the liposuction and single‐hole endoscopic approach yielded superior postoperative patient satisfaction, aligning with minimally invasive principles and warranting broad clinical application.
The impact of visit‐to‐visit heart rate variability on all‐cause mortality in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyan , Yuan Qinghua , Yuan Jie , Du Zhi‐Min , Zhuang Xiaodong , Liao Xinxue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between visit‐to‐visit heart rate variability (VVHRV) and all‐cause mortality in patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF). Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between VVHRV and several adverse outcomes. However, the relationship between VVHRV and the prognosis of AF remains uncertain.MethodsIn our study, we aimed to examine the relationship between VVHRV and mortality rates among 3983 participants with AF, who were part of the AFFIRM study (Atrial Fibrillation Follow‐Up Investigation of Rhythm Management). We used the standard deviation of heart rate (HRSD) to measure VVHRV and divided the patients into four groups based on quartiles of HRSD (1st, <5.69; 2nd, 5.69–8.00; 3rd, 8.01–11.01; and 4th, ≥11.02). Our primary endpoint was all‐cause death, and we estimated the hazard ratios for mortality using the Cox proportional hazard regressions.ResultsOur analysis included 3983 participants from the AFFIRM study and followed for an average of 3.5 years. During this period, 621 participants died from all causes. In multiple‐adjustment models, we found that the lowest and highest quartiles of HRSD independently predicted an increased risk of all‐cause mortality compared to the other two quartiles, presenting a U‐shaped relationship (1st vs 2nd, hazard ratio = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.63–3.20, p < .01; 1st vs. 3rd, hazard ratio = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.60–3.11, p < .01; 4th vs. 2nd, hazard ratio = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.26–2.61, p < .01; and 4th vs. 3rd, hazard ratio = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.25–2.52, p < .01).ConclusionIn patients with AF, we found that both lower VVHRV and higher VVHRV increased the risk of all‐cause mortality, indicating a U‐shaped curve relationship.
Measurement properties of sexual function assessment questionnaires in women with endometriosis: A systematic review following COSMIN guidelines
Authors: Oppenheimer Anne , Boitrelle Florence , Nicolas‐Boluda Alba , Fauconnier Arnaud 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionSexual function of patients with endometriosis should be assessed by patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) that present high reliability and validity. The objective was to study the PROMs used to assess sexual function for patients with endometriosis to improve their selection for research and clinical practice.Material and methodsWe performed a systematic literature review from January 2000 to September 2023. All studies including women with confirmed endometriosis and assessing sexual quality of life or sexual function or sexual distress were retrieved. Different properties of PROMs used for sexual dysfunction were assessed according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) recommendations. Properties evaluated were: structural validity, internal consistency, cross‐cultural validity, reliability, measurement error, criterion validity, construct validity, and responsiveness. This literature review was registered on Prospero as 2018 CRD42018102278.ResultsSeventy‐four articles with evaluation of sexual function were included. Of the 25 PROMs assessing sexual function, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was the most frequently used (34/74 [45.9%] items), followed by the Female Sexual Distress Scale (9/74 [12.2%] items) and the Sexual Activity Questionnaire (SAQ) (8/74 [10.8%] items). The most commonly used measurement properties were “hypothesis testing” and “responsiveness”. The PROMs with a high level of evidence for these two measurement properties were the FSFI, the SAQ, the Short Sexual Functioning Scale, the Sexual Satisfaction Scale for Women, Sexual Quality of Life‐Female, the Brief Profile of Female Sexual Function, and the Sexual Health Outcomes in Women Questionnaire. The FSFI questionnaire appeared to be more relevant for evaluating medical treatment, and the SAQ for evaluating surgical treatment. Only one instrument was specific to endometriosis (the Subjective Impact of Dyspareunia Inventory [SIDI]).ConclusionsIn this systematic literature review of sexual function assessment questionnaires in endometriosis, the FSFI and the SAQ questionnaires emerged as having the best measurement properties according to the COSMIN criteria. The FSFI questionnaire appears to be suited for evaluating medical treatment, and the SAQ for surgical treatment. The SIDI is the only specific questionnaire, but its responsiveness remains to be defined.
EQ‐5D‐5L health utility scores in Australian adults with inherited retinal diseases: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: McGuinness Myra B. , Ayton Lauren N. , Schofield Deborah , Britten‐Jones Alexis Ceecee , Chen Fred K. , Grigg John R. , Qi Ziyi , Kraindler Joshua , Shrestha Rupendra , Mack Heather G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeEconomic evaluations of interventions for ocular disease require utility scores that accurately represent quality of life in the target population. This study aimed to describe the distribution of EQ‐5D‐5L utility values among Australian adults with symptomatic inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and to assess the relationship between these scores and vision‐related quality of life.MethodsA survey was administered predominantly online in 2021. Participants completed the EQ‐5D‐5L general health utility instrument, the EQ vertical visual analogue scale (EQ‐VAS) and the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI‐VFQ‐25). Self‐reported IRD diagnoses were classified as being associated with central or widespread retinal involvement.ResultsResponses from 647 participants aged 18–93 years were included, 50.1% were men and 77.6% had an IRD associated with widespread retinal involvement. The majority reported no problems with self‐care and no pain/discomfort but did report anxiety/depression and problems with work, study, housework, or family/leisure activities. Most people with widespread involvement reported problems with mobility. Median EQ‐5D‐5L utility was 0.88 and 0.91 among people with widespread and central involvement, respectively (age and sex‐adjusted p = 0.029); and median EQ‐VAS was 75 and 80, respectively (adjusted p = 0.003). A moderate curvilinear correlation was observed between EQ‐5D‐5L and NEI‐VFQ‐25 composite score (Spearman's ρ 0.69), but not all people with poor vision‐related quality of life had low EQ‐5D‐5L utility values.ConclusionsEQ‐5D‐5L health utility values are correlated with vision‐related quality of life among adults with IRDs. However, the EQ‐5D‐5L may not be sensitive to the full impact of vision impairment on quality of life.
Maybe listening to the elite? Selective deliberation as a governance tool in rural China
Authors: Zhao Tiantian , Trappel René , Han Guoming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to improve local governance, the central government has, among other strategies, begun to introduce institutions for deliberation in rural China. This article analyses the implementation and consequences of this framework in two villages in rural Gansu Province. It shows that the current promotion of these institutions is a top‐down political effort and not a system with genuine local roots. Our findings also suggest that without strict legal requirements for deliberative institutions, village cadres do not follow the enactment of officially warranted procedures, which often may lead to rather formalistic implementation. Opportunities for deliberation seem to be offered only to those members of the community who are the most likely to be able to contribute social or financial capital to the local administration's agenda. This suggests that at least in this local setting, the rationale of introducing deliberation institutions clearly was to improve existing policy implementation and not to provide meaningful new avenues for participation. While this variant of deliberative institutions further raises the status of the rural elite, it appears to frustrate ordinary villagers and reduce their interest in these instruments.
The effects of official reporting and perceived deservingness on evaluations of sexual harassment responses
Authors: Warner Ruth H. , Naseralla Eyad J. , Hatch Hailey A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrevious research suggests that individuals may not report sexual harassment for a variety of reasons. There is evidence that women who report and do not report sexual harassment both face negative evaluations. The current studies investigated a potential explanation for these contradictory findings—the perceived deservingness of consequences for the alleged harasser. Across three studies, we examined evaluations of a woman who reported (versus did not report) an uncomfortable situation as sexual harassment as well as examining whether the alleged harasser was perceived as deserving punishment or not. In Study 1, participants rated the woman less favorably when she reported behavior most participants considered not to be sexual harassment compared to when she did not report. In Studies 2 and 3, using a scenario perceived as more ambiguous, we found that participants who believed that the alleged harasser deserved punishment evaluated the woman more favorably when she reported. In Study 3, however, whether or not the alleged harasser was actually punished for his actions had little effect on evaluations of the harassment target. Ultimately, findings suggest that differences in evaluations on reporting sexual harassment may be rooted in whether the alleged harasser is perceived as deserving punishment or not.
Advances in noninvasive measurement of liver function and physiology: The HepQuant DuO test
Authors: McRae Michael P. , Kittelson John , Helmke Steve M. , Everson Gregory T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrent noninvasive liver tests are surrogates for fibrosis and lack ability to directly measure liver function. HepQuant tests measure liver function and physiology through hepatic uptake of stable cholate isotopes. HepQuant SHUNT (V1.0) involves oral and intravenous dosing and six blood samples over 90 min. We developed simplified test versions: SHUNT V2.0 (oral and intravenous dosing, two blood samples over 60 min) and DuO (oral dosing only, two blood samples over 60 min). The aim of this study was to evaluate equivalency of the simplified tests to the original SHUNT test. Data from three studies comprising 930 SHUNT tests were retrospectively analysed by each method. Equivalence was evaluated in terms of proportion of tests in which the difference between methods was less than any clinically meaningful difference and additionally by two one‐sided t‐test and bioequivalence methods. DuO and SHUNT V2.0 were equivalent to the original SHUNT test for Disease Severity Index, with >99% and >96% of tests falling within equivalence bounds. DuO and SHUNT V2.0 met equivalency criteria by two one‐sided t‐tests and bioequivalence. DuO and SHUNT V2.0 are easier to administer, are less invasive than the original SHUNT test and have potential to be more accepted by patients and providers.
Investigating pedagogical agents' scaffolding of self‐regulated learning in relation to learners' subgoals
Authors: Dever Daryn A. , Wiedbusch Megan D. , Romero Sarah M. , Azevedo Roger 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) incorporate pedagogical agents (PAs) to scaffold learners' self‐regulated learning (SRL) via prompts and feedback to promote learners' monitoring and regulation of their cognitive, affective, metacognitive and motivational processes to achieve their (sub)goals. This study examines PAs' effectiveness in scaffolding and teaching SRL during learning with MetaTutor, an ITS on the human circulatory system. Undergraduates (N = 118) were randomly assigned to a condition: Control Condition (i.e. learners could only self‐initiate SRL strategies) and Prompt and Feedback Condition (i.e. PAs prompted learners to engage in SRL). Learners' log‐file data captured when strategies were used, the initiator of the strategy (i.e. learner and PA), and the relevance of instructional content pages in relation to learner subgoals. While results showed that PAs were effective scaffolders of SRL in which they prompted learners to engage in SRL strategies more when content was relevant towards their subgoals and as time on page and task increased, there were mixed findings about the effectiveness of PAs as teachers of SRL. Findings show how production rules guiding PA prompts can improve their scaffolding and teaching of SRL across the learning task – through contextualizing SRL strategies to the instructional content and in relation to the relevance of the content to learners' subgoals.Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Most learners struggle to efficiently and effectively use self‐regulated learning (SRL) strategies to attain goals and subgoals.
There is a need for SRL to be scaffolded for learners to manage multiple goals and subgoals while learning about complex STEM topics.
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) typically incorporate pedagogical agents (PAs) to prompt learners to engage in SRL strategy and provide feedback.
There are mixed findings on the effectiveness of PAs in scaffolding learners' SRL.
What this paper adds

We consider PAs not only scaffolders but also teachers of SRL.
Results showed that while PAs encouraged the use of SRL strategies when the content was relevant to subgoals, they did not discourage the use of SRL strategies when the content was not relevant.
Results for this study were mixed in their support of PAs as teachers of SRL.
Learners increasingly depended on PAs to prompt SRL strategies as time on task progressed.
Implications for practice and/or policy

PAs are effective scaffolders of SRL with more research needed to understand their role as teachers of SRL.
PA scaffolding is more essential as time on task progresses.
When deploying specific cognitive and metacognitive SRL strategies, the relevance of the content to learners' subgoals should be taken into account.
ANKRD22 promotes M2 polarization in lung adenocarcinoma macrophages via the glycolytic pathway
Authors: Cao Jiangbo , Zhang Hongwei , Wei Xiaoli , Zhou Huihui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of lung cancer with a low 5‐year survival rate. ANKRD22 is an ankyrin repeat protein capable of promoting tumor progression, and its mechanism in LUAD remains elusive. Our study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the involvement of ANKRD22 in the progression of LUAD. The expression of ANKRD22 in LUAD and its enriched pathway were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Meanwhile, the correlation between ANKRD22 and the expression of glycolysis‐related genes and M2 macrophage marker genes was analyzed. qRT‐PCR was used for determination of the expression of ANKRD22, IL‐10 and CCL17, CCK‐8 for cell viability, and western blot for expression of ANKRD22, LDHA, HK2, PGK1, and PKM2. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were utilized to examine the level of CD163, and kits were used to measure the contents of pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, and malate. Seahorse XF96 analyzer was employed to determine extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). Mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the JC‐1 probe. Bioinformatics analysis, qRT‐PCR, and western blot showed that ANKRD22 was highly expressed in LUAD, which had a positive connection with M2 marker genes. Knockdown of ANKRD22 considerably attenuated the expression of ANKRD22, IL‐10, and CCL17 in M2. ANKRD22 overexpression demonstrated the opposite results. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered that ANKRD22 was enriched in the glycolytic pathway and positively correlated with glycolysis‐related genes. The knockdown of ANKRD22 substantially attenuated pyruvic acid, lactate, citrate, malate, and ECAR levels and elevated OCR levels in cells. The knockdown of ANKRD22 also reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Further, it was discovered that glycolysis‐related genes had a positive correlation with M2 marker genes. It was revealed by rescue experiments that the usage of 2‐DG, a glycolytic inhibitor, remarkably reversed the facilitating effect of overexpression of ANKRD22 on M2 polarization. This study demonstrates that ANKRD22 can facilitate LUAD M2 polarization through glycolysis, and targeting ANKRD22 to inhibit M2 polarization has the potential to be a new strategy for LUAD treatment.
Protective effect of naringin against radiation‐induced heart disease in rats via Sirt1/NF‐κB signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Liu Shu‐Ting , Zha Kai‐Ji , Li Pei‐Jie , Gao Jian‐Bo , Zhang Yong‐Gao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the protective effect and mechanism of naringin (NG) on radiation‐induced heart disease (RIHD) in rats. Rats were divided into four x‐ray (XR) irradiation groups with different absorbed doses (0/10/15/20 Gy), or into three groups (control, XR, and XR + NG groups). Subsequently, the ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus was adopted to assess and compare the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole (LVIDd), and left ventricular internal diameter at end systole (LVIDs) in rats. Hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining and Masson staining were applied to detect the pathological damage and fibrosis of heart tissue. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of myocardial fibrosis‐related proteins, endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related proteins, and Sirt1 (silent information regulator 1)/NF‐κB (nuclear factor kappa‐B) signaling pathway‐related proteins in cardiac tissues. Additionally, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the activities of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in cardiac tissue. The results showed that NG treatment significantly attenuated the 20 Gy XR‐induced decline of LVEF and LVFS and the elevation of LVIDs. Cardiac tissue damage and fibrosis caused by 20 Gy XR were significant improved after NG treatment. Meanwhile, in rats irradiated by XR, marked downregulation was identified in the expressions of fibrosis‐related proteins (Col I, collagen type I; α‐SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin; and TGF‐β1, transforming growth factor‐beta 1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress‐related proteins (GRP78, glucose regulatory protein 78; CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein; ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; and caspase 12) after NG treatment. Moreover, NG treatment also inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines [interleukin‐6, interleukin‐1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1)], reduced the expression of MDA, and promoted the activities of SOD and CAT. Also, NG treatment promoted Sirt1 expression and inhibited p65 phosphorylation. Collectively, XR irradiation induced cardiac injury in rats in a dose‐dependent manner. NG could improve the cardiac injury induced by XR irradiation by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activating Sirt1/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Diagnostic services for developmental coordination disorder: Gaps and opportunities identified by parents
Authors: Klein Erin S. , Licari Melissa , Barbic Skye , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundAffecting one in 20 children, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder impacting a child's ability to learn motor skills. Despite its high prevalence, DCD is under‐recognized and under‐diagnosed, causing unnecessary frustration and stress for families who are seeking help for their child. This study aimed to understand how parents procure diagnostic services and their perspectives on needed supports and services to improve early identification and diagnosis of DCD.MethodsUsing a multi‐pronged recruitment strategy, we circulated the impACT for DCD online questionnaire to parents of children (<18 years) in British Columbia with suspected or diagnosed DCD. Data were analysed descriptively using medians/interquartile ranges for continuous data and frequencies/percentages for categorical data. Open‐ended questions were analysed using exploratory content analysis.ResultsA total of 237 respondent data were analysed. Parents identified poor awareness and understanding of health care professionals and educators regarding aetiology, symptomology, and impacts of DCD, affecting timely access to diagnostic services. Long waitlists were also a barrier that often led families with financial means to procure private diagnostic assessments.ConclusionA standard of care is needed for streamlined diagnostic services, enabling early identification and early intervention. A publicly funded, family‐centred, collaborative care approach is critical to assess, diagnose, and treat children with this disorder and to mitigate the secondary physical and mental health consequences associated with DCD.