bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of sertraline to treat an adolescent of dystonia comorbid with major depressive disorder with psychotic features
Authors: Liu Chia‐Chien , Lan Chen‐Chia , Chen Ying‐Sheue 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Psychiatric symptoms are essential non‐motor features of dystonia, and higher risks of depressive and anxiety disorders have been reported. The precedence of psychiatric to motor symptoms in some patients and the dopaminergic and serotonergic system involvement in both the motor and psychiatric aspects suggest these psychiatric disorders may be intrinsic to the neurobiology of dystonia. Nevertheless, psychiatric comorbidities are often construed as secondary reactions to motor disabilities and the negative bio‐psycho‐social impacts of dystonia, leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Research on antidepressant use in dystonia is scarce, especially in children and adolescents. This report presents a 17‐year‐old female with dystonia comorbid with depression with psychotic features, whose motor symptoms improved but psychiatric symptoms persisted with dopaminergic pharmacotherapy. Sertraline was finally added 5 years after the onset and successfully managed her psychotic depression without worsening motor symptoms. Early detection, prompt diagnosis, and timely holistic treatment with dopaminergic agents, antidepressants, and psychosocial interventions are critical for the mental health of dystonia patients.
Prediction of S‐wave velocity models from surface waves using deep learning
Authors: Cho Sangin , Pyun Sukjoon , Choi Byunghoon , Lee Ganghoon , Jang Seonghyung , Choi Yunseok 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurface wave (SW) methods extract dispersion properties of wavefields propagating through a seismic array (1D or 2D). This is achieved by analysing the phase velocity versus frequency (or wavelength) data. Afterwards, an inversion process is performed to construct near‐surface S‐wave velocity models. Among the SW methods, multichannel analysis of SWs (MASW) is commonly used for engineering applications, analysing dispersion characteristics by generating a dispersion image. However, classical MASW depends on the manual picking of dispersion curves, which can lead to subjective outcomes and require time and effort to obtain precise results. To avoid these pitfalls, many studies, including deep‐learning techniques, have focused on automating the process. Similarly, we propose a deep‐learning‐based algorithm that estimates the S‐wave velocity directly from the dispersion image of SWs. This algorithm consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) designed to directly yield S‐wave velocity profiles and a fully connected network (multi‐layer perceptron) added to regularize predictions. Unlike typical SW techniques, the proposed approach does not incorporate prior information such as layer count and thickness. To ensure successful training, we modified the loss function to exploit the normalized mean squared error. The training dataset was generated by modelling synthetic shot gathers and transforming them into dispersion images for various 1D stratified velocity structures. After a sample is fed to the CNN network for inversion, the inversion network's output subsequently goes through an additional simple neural network (NN) to regularize the predicted S‐wave velocity model (which is the post‐processing step). The combined usage of deep‐learning‐based SW inversion with NN‐based post‐processing was assessed using test data. The proposed algorithm achieved an average relative error of approximately 7.49% in predicting the S‐wave velocity and was successfully applied to the field data. Additionally, we discuss its performance on noisy data as well as its applicability to out‐of‐training data. Numerical examples demonstrated that the proposed method is robust to noise, whereas it requires additional training to handle data beyond the distribution of the training data.
Electrical resistivity tomography through reinforced concrete floor
Authors: Yang Lichun , Yang Dikun , Yuan Quan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method is often challenged by the presence of reinforced concrete (RC) in urban and industrial environments, because the embedded metallic wire mesh can severely distort the distribution of subsurface currents. We investigate one typical scenario in real applications, in which an RC floor overlays the natural topsoil or rock. Our synthetic forward simulations show that the embedded wire mesh behaves like a local good conductor in data of small source‐receiver separations and acts like an equal‐potential object that keeps the potential from decaying at large source‐receiver separations. Routine ERT inversions that ignore the RC cannot work properly because the thin and highly conductive wire mesh may be manifested as large uninterpretable low‐resistivity anomalies in the imaging results. Two remedies are adopted to improve the ERT resolution in such cases. First, we find a top layer with high conductivity in our model to adequately represent the wire mesh; then, we initiate the inversion with the top‐layer model as the starting and reference model. This warm‐start approach overcomes the difficulty of recovering the large conductivity contrast between metallic objects and regular earth materials. Second, underground electrodes are added to the survey array, so more information from depth can be obtained to fight against the dominance of current channelling in the wire mesh. Finally, our strategies are used to invert a real ERT dataset from an indoor manufacturing plant, where RC covers the entire floor of the building and electrodes are in contact with the soil through open holes in the floor. Our simulation and field data inversion verify our findings and demonstrate the effectiveness of our solutions in improving the resolution of ERT when the survey is carried out over RC floor in urban and industrial environments.
Stochastic modeling of turbulent mixing based on a hierarchical swapping of fluid parcels
Authors: Starick Tommy , Schmidt Heiko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTurbulent mixing is an omnipresent phenomenon that constantly affects our everyday life and plays an important role in a variety of industrial applications. The simulation of turbulent mixing poses great challenges, since the full resolution of all relevant length and time scales is associated with an immense computational effort. This limitation can be overcome by only resolving the large‐scale effects and completely model the sub‐grid scales. The development of an accurate sub‐grid mixing model is therefore a key challenge to capture all interactions in the sub‐grid scales. At this place, the hierarchical parcel‐swapping (HiPS) model formulated by A.R. Kerstein [J. Stat. Phys. 153, 142–161 (2013)] represents a computationally efficient and scale‐resolving turbulent mixing model. HiPS mimics the effects of turbulence on time‐evolving, diffusive scalar fields. In HiPS, the diffusive scalar fields or a state space is interpreted as a binary tree structure, which is an alternative approach compared to the most common mixing models. Every level of the tree represents a specific length and time scale, which is based on turbulence inertial range scaling. The state variables are only located at the base of the tree and are treated as fluid parcels. The effects of turbulent advection are represented by stochastic swaps of sub‐trees at rates determined by turbulent time scales associated with the sub‐trees. The mixing only takes places between adjacent fluid parcels and at rates consistent with the prevailing diffusion time scales. In this work, the HiPS model formulation for the simulation of passive scalar mixing is detailed first. Preliminary results for the mean square displacement, passive scalar probability density function (PDF) and scalar dissipation rate are given and reveal the strengths of the HiPS model considering the reduced order and computational efficiency. These model investigations are an important step of further HiPS advancements. The integrated auxiliary binary tree structure allows HiPS to satisfy a large number of criteria for a good mixing model. From this point of view, HiPS is an attractive candidate for modeling the mixing in transported PDF methods.
Methenamine for urinary tract infection prophylaxis: A systematic review
Authors: Li Jian Mei , Cosler Leon E. , Harausz Elizabeth P. , Myers Courtney E. , Kufel Wesley D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUrinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations, multiple antibiotic courses, and have a potential negative impact on quality of life. To prevent UTIs, antibiotics are frequently used for prophylaxis; however, antibiotic prophylaxis has notable untoward consequences including but not limited to potential adverse effects and development of antibiotic resistance. Methenamine, an antiseptic agent initially available in 1967, has re‐emerged as a potential option for UTI prophylaxis in various populations, including older adults and renal transplant recipients. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidance was performed. A PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library search was conducted to identify relevant English‐language studies evaluating methenamine for UTI prophylaxis including randomized controlled trials, case–control studies, and meta‐analyses through June 2023. Articles were excluded if the studies did not primarily describe or evaluate methenamine for UTI prophylaxis, were commentaries/viewpoints articles, point prevalence studies, review articles, studies that evaluated methenamine used with another agent, and any duplicate publications from searched databases. A total of 11 articles were identified for inclusion. This systematic review suggests methenamine generally appears to be an effective and well‐tolerated antibiotic‐sparing option for UTI prophylaxis. Furthermore, the pharmacology, dosage and formulation, warnings, precautions, and safety considerations of methenamine that provide potential clinical considerations regarding its use for UTI prophylaxis are described. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical utility of methenamine for UTI prophylaxis.
Life cycle assessment of photovoltaic module backsheets
Authors: de Wild Paul , de Wild‐Scholten Mariska , Goudswaard Imco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreased deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) enables the transition to decarbonized energy systems, capable of tempering the dire consequences of global warming. Even though backsheets are very important regarding lifetime energy yield of the PV module, the environmental impacts of their production, use, and end‐of‐life (EoL) processing are largely neglected. As part of a recently finalized Dutch national project EXTENSIBLE (Energy yield assessment of neXT gENeration and SustaInaBLE backsheets), the environmental impacts for 7 different polymeric backsheets have been evaluated via a life cycle assessment (LCA). The selected backsheets include 3 traditional polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐based backsheets with a fluorine containing outer layer (two white pigmented and one fully transparent). The other 4 backsheets are novel high‐performance polyolefin (PO)‐based backsheets, manufactured by Endurans Solar™, also including one transparent version. From results of the LCA, it is concluded that in comparison with PET‐based backsheets and fluoropolymer containing backsheets, PO‐based backsheets perform best in terms of energy yield, reliability, and environmental impacts. The production of fluoropolymer‐ and PET‐based backsheets cause substantial environmental impacts, especially regarding climate change and ozone depletion. This conclusion is corroborated by recent literature data. Regarding the EoL phase, it was shown from a theoretical assessment that pyrolysis of the spent backsheets potentially leads to much lower global warming potential (GWP) when compared to incineration, especially for the PO‐based backsheets. Incineration of the shredded and solid backsheet material causes direct emissions of CO2 with a limited heat recovery potential only. Deploying pyrolysis for spent PO‐based backsheets significantly improves their life‐time GWP per kWh produced. Pyrolysis offers the possibility to recover a large part of the PO as an usable pyrolysis oil that might serve as feedstock for chemicals or as transportable liquid fuel for the generation of process heat in recovery boilers, thereby avoiding the use of new fossil resources. EoL pyrolysis (or incineration) of fluoropolymer‐based backsheets is problematic due to the presence of fluorinated hydrocarbons, leading to corrosive and/or toxic products.
Field‐based infrastructure and cyber–physical system for the study of high night air temperature stress in irrigated rice
Authors: Quiñones Cherryl , Adviento‐Borbe Maria Arlene , Larazo Wenceslao , Harris Rodney Shea , Mendez Kharla , Cunningham Shannon S. , Campbell Zachary C. , Medina‐Jimenez Karina , Hein Nathan T. , Wagner Dan , Ottis Brian , Walia Harkamal , Lorence Argelia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh night air temperature (HNT) stress negatively impacts both rice (Oryza sativa L) yield and grain quality and has been extensively investigated because of the significant yield loss observed (10%) for every increase in air temperature (1°C). Most of the rice HNT studies have been conducted under greenhouse conditions, with limited information on field‐level responses for the major rice sub‐populations. This is due to a lack of a field‐based phenotyping infrastructure that can accommodate a diverse set of accessions representing the wider germplasm and impose growth stage‐specific stress. In this study, we built six high‐tunnel greenhouses and screened 310 rice accessions from the Rice Diversity Panel 1 (RDP1) and 10 commercial hybrid cultivars in a replicated design. Each greenhouse had heating and a cyber–physical system that sensed ambient air temperature and automatically increased night air temperature to about 4°C relative to ambient temperature in the field for two cropping seasons. The system successfully imposed HNT stress of 4.0 and 3.94°C as recorded by Raspberry Pi sensors for 2 weeks in 2019 and 2020, respectively. HOBO sensors (Onset Computer Corporation) recorded a 2.9 and 2.07°C temperature differential of ambient air between control and heated greenhouses in 2019 and 2020, respectively. These greenhouses were able to withstand constant flooding, heavy rains, strong winds (140 mph), and thunderstorms. Selected US rice cultivars showed an average of 24% and 15% yield reduction under HNT during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons, respectively. Our study highlights the potential of this computer‐based infrastructure for accurate implementation of HNT or other abiotic stresses under field‐growing conditions.
Exploring protein–protein interactions and oligomerization state of pulmonary surfactant protein C (SP‐C) through FRET and fluorescence self‐quenching
Authors: Morán‐Lalangui Mishelle , Coutinho Ana , Prieto Manuel , Fedorov Alexander , Pérez‐Gil Jesús , Loura Luís M. S. , García‐Álvarez Begoña 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPulmonary surfactant (PS) is a lipid–protein complex that forms films reducing surface tension at the alveolar air–liquid interface. Surfactant protein C (SP‐C) plays a key role in rearranging the lipids at the PS surface layers during breathing. The N‐terminal segment of SP‐C, a lipopeptide of 35 amino acids, contains two palmitoylated cysteines, which affect the stability and structure of the molecule. The C‐terminal region comprises a transmembrane α‐helix that contains a ALLMG motif, supposedly analogous to a well‐studied dimerization motif in glycophorin A. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential interaction between SP‐C molecules using approaches such as Bimolecular Complementation assays or computational simulations. In this work, the oligomerization state of SP‐C in membrane systems has been studied using fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. We have performed self‐quenching and FRET assays to analyze dimerization of native palmitoylated SP‐C and a non‐palmitoylated recombinant version of SP‐C (rSP‐C) using fluorescently labeled versions of either protein reconstituted in different lipid systems mimicking pulmonary surfactant environments. Our results reveal that doubly palmitoylated native SP‐C remains primarily monomeric. In contrast, non‐palmitoylated recombinant SP‐C exhibits dimerization, potentiated at high concentrations, especially in membranes with lipid phase separation. Therefore, palmitoylation could play a crucial role in stabilizing the monomeric α‐helical conformation of SP‐C. Depalmitoylation, high protein densities as a consequence of membrane compartmentalization, and other factors may all lead to the formation of protein dimers and higher‐order oligomers, which could have functional implications under certain pathological conditions and contribute to membrane transformations associated with surfactant metabolism and alveolar homeostasis.
Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete
Authors: Languirand Eric R. , Phung Cecilia H. , Hanna Steven R. , Crouse Kathy L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAnhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory‐scale concrete coupons were used as a surrogate for a larger concrete pad that could be present in an event involving an unintentional release of liquid anhydrous ammonia. Concrete coupons sized 5 cm × 5 cm × 1.9 cm were saturated in liquid anhydrous ammonia, and measurements of the subsequent evaporation from the coupons were made in an environmental chamber. The ambient air temperature within the chamber varied from 5 to 45°C, and the relative humidity varied from 5% to 75%. Mass‐difference calculation and Berthelot's reaction were used to determine the average evaporation rate from a concrete coupon across all trials, which was found to be 6.5 ± 1.9 mg/s. To validate these evaporation rates, the remaining ammonia in the concrete coupon was measured for each trial. We found that the time‐integrated calculated evaporation rates correlated well with the total mass of ammonia that was lost from the coupons. In addition, it was found that ambient air temperature and relative humidity had little influence on anhydrous ammonia evaporation from the concrete coupons.
Design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel Isoxazoline Acylhydrazone compounds
Authors: Li Yahui , Li Shaochen , Yin Xue , Liu Shaoli 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays, the diamondback moth has ascended to become one of the most formidable pests plaguing cruciferous vegetables. Consequently, the exigency for the development of efficacious pesticide candidates for crop protection has never been more paramount. In response to this pressing need, this study presents a compendium of novel isoxazoline derivatives, incorporating acylhydrazone moieties, synthesized with the express purpose of serving as potential insecticides.RESULTSThe structures of these derivatives were confirmed using Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). Most of these derivatives demonstrated effective insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella. Notably, compound E3 exhibited exceptional insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella (LC50 = 0.19 mg L−1), surpassing the effectiveness of ethiprole (LC50 = 3.28 mg L−1), and comparable to that of fluxametamide (LC50 = 0.22 mg L−1). Interestingly, compound E3 also displayed potent insecticidal activity against Pyrausta nubilalis (LC50 = 0.182 mg L−1) and Chilo suppressalis (LC50 = 0.64 mg L−1), and the LC50 values of fluxametamide were 0.23 mg L−1 (P. nubilalis) and 2.26 mg L−1 (C. suppressalis), respectively. The molecular docking results revealed that the compound E3 can form a hydrogen bond and two Pi‐Pi bonds with the active sites of GABA receptors. In addition, the DFT calculations were also performed to study the relationship between insecticidal activities. The structure–activity relationships suggested that the identity of the R substituent was crucial for their pesticidal activities.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that isoxazoline acylhydrazone derivatives could be promising candidates against P. xylostella and other Lepidopteran pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of the atmospheric water sources and pathways responsible for the East Asian summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Dey Dipanjan , Geen Ruth , Lambert F. Hugo , Agrawal Shubhi , Vallis Geoffrey , Marsh Robert , Skliris Nikolaos , Döös Kristofer 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe East Asian summer monsoon rainfall provides water security and socio‐economic benefit for over 20% of the global population. However, the sources of this rainfall and how it is carried to the East Asian landmass are still uncertain. To address this, atmospheric water sources and pathways associated with the East Asian summer rainfall are identified and quantified in this study using atmospheric water trajectories, calculated with a novel Lagrangian framework. Evaporated water from the East Asian landmass is found to be the major contributor to East Asian rainfall, amounting to local recycling. The results further indicated that the south Indian Ocean is a major non‐local source for rainfall over southern East Asia during June to August. The role of the south Indian Ocean as a source of atmospheric water is one of the major findings of the study and would help in better understanding and predicting the East Asian summer rainfall. Evaporated waters from the Pacific Ocean (particularly the far‐west Pacific Ocean) dominate the non‐local contribution to precipitation over northern East Asia during June to September and over southern East Asian rainfall during September. The spatial structure of the East Asian rainfall is reported to be determined by the atmospheric waters that are evaporated and transported from the non‐local sources. The role of the north Indian Ocean and the South Asian landmass as a source of water for East Asian precipitation is minimal and restricted to southern East Asia. The cross‐equatorial Somali jet and equatorial trade winds associated with the western North Pacific subtropical high are important pathways for East Asian precipitation sourced over the south Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean respectively. In contrast, minor roles are attributed to the Bay of Bengal as a source, and midlatitude westerlies as a transport pathway, for East Asian precipitation.