bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural phase transitions in iodine under high pressure
Authors: Takemura Kenichi , Sato Kyoko , Fujihisa Hiroshi , Onoda Mitsuko 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
High-pressure powder X-ray diffraction experiments have been carried out on solid iodine at room temperature. A new intermediate phase V has been identified in the pressure range 24–28 GPa, in the close vicinity of the pressure-induced molecular dissociation. The structure is incommensurately modulated, a rare case for elemental solids. The nearest interatomic distances are distributed over a range 2.8–3.2 Å, which characterizes phase V as a transient state between the molecular and monatomic states. We discuss the overall change of the crystal structure of iodine with pressure, which gives an insight into the process of molecular formation and dissociation.
Incommensurate crystal structure of LiCd4(VO4)3
Authors: Gaudin Etienne , Yahia Hamdi B. , Shikano Masahiro , Amara Mongi B. , zur Loye Hans-Conrad , Darriet Jaques 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Single crystals of LiCd4(VO4)3 were prepared by melting a powder sample of LiCd4(VO4)3 at 950 °C followed by slow cooling at 5 °C/hours down to room temperature. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction using the 4D superspace formalism. The superspace group is Cmcm(10γ) with unit cell parameters a = 5.8513(3) Å, b = 9.027(5) Å, c = 6.7721(7) Å and modulation vector q = a* + 0.7034c*. The LiCd4(VO4)3 structure is related to the Na2CrO4 structure type, which contains two independent tetrahedral sites that are occupied by sodium and chromium atoms and one octahedral site that is occupied by the second sodium atom. In the LiCd4(VO4)3 structure, the octahedral site is fully occupied by a cadmium atom, and one of the two tetrahedral sites is fully occupied by a vanadium atom. The second tetrahedral site is only partially filled: one third lithium, one third cadmium and one third vacant. To reflect the site occupancies, the overall formula can be expressed as Li1/3Cd1/3[ ]1/3CdVO4. One of the unusual features of the structure is the large anisotropy in the modulated occupancy of the tetrahedral site by lithium and cadmium. Structural relationships with the olivine structure type are discussed.
Patterns of Selection on Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Variants in Drosophila miranda
Authors: Bartolomé Carolina , Maside Xulio , Yi Soojin , Grant Anna L , Charlesworth Brian 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We have investigated patterns of within-species polymorphism and between-species divergence for synonymous and nonsynonymous variants at a set of autosomal and X-linked loci of Drosophila miranda. D. pseudoobscura and D. affinis were used for the between-species comparisons. The results suggest the action of purifying selection on nonsynonymous, polymorphic variants. Among synonymous polymorphisms, there is a significant excess of synonymous mutations from preferred to unpreferred codons and of GC to AT mutations. There was no excess of GC to AT mutations among polymorphisms at noncoding sites. This suggests that selection is acting to maintain the use of preferred codons. Indirect evidence suggests that biased gene conversion in favor of GC base pairs may also be operating. The joint intensity of selection and biased gene conversion, in terms of the product of effective population size and the sum of the selection and conversion coefficients, was estimated to be ∼0.65.
Missense Mutations That Inactivate the Aspergillus nidulans nrtA Gene Encoding a High-Affinity Nitrate Transporter
Authors: Kinghorn James R , Sloan Joan , Kana'n Ghassan J M , DaSilva Edisio R , Rouch Duncan A , Unkles Shiela E 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The transport of nitrate into prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, of considerable interest to agriculture, ecology, and human health, is carried out by members of a distinct cluster of proteins within the major facilitator superfamily. To obtain structure/function information on this important class of nitrate permeases, a collection of chemically induced mutations in the nrtA gene encoding a 12-transmembrane domain, high-affinity nitrate transporter from the eukaryote Aspergillus nidulans was isolated and characterized. This mutational analysis, coupled with protein alignments, demonstrates the utility of the approach to predicting peptide motifs and individual residues important for the movement of nitrate across the membrane. These include the highly conserved nitrate signature motif (residues 166–173) in Tm 5, the conserved charged residues Arg87 (Tm 2) and Arg368 (Tm 8), as well as the aromatic residue Phe47 (Tm 1), all within transmembrane helices. No mutations were observed in the large central loop (Lp 6/7) between Tm 6 and Tm 7. Finally, the study of a strain with a conversion of Trp481 (Tm 12) to a stop codon suggests that all 12 transmembrane domains and/or the C-terminal tail are required for membrane insertion and/or stability of NrtA.
Frequency of Concurrent Use of Warfarin with Potentially Interacting Drugs
Authors: Wittkowsky Ann K. , Boccuzzi Stephen J. , Wogen Jenifer , Wygant Gail , Patel Pankaj , Hauch Ole 
Published: November 2004

Study Objective. To determine the rates of concomitant use of drugs known to interact with warfarin by increasing the prothrombin time expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR), decreasing the INR, or increasing bleeding risk without apparent changes in INR in a cohort of patients receiving long‐term warfarin therapy.Design. Retrospective, longitudinal cohort study.Setting. Large pharmacy benefits manager database.Patients. A total of 134,833 patients who were prescribed long‐term warfarin from June 1, 1999–May 31, 2000.Measurements and Main Results. Longitudinal pharmacy claims from the pharmacy benefits manager database were reviewed to identify coprescription of warfarin and drugs associated with significant interactions with warfarin. Of the 134,833 patients receiving long‐term warfarin therapy, 109,998 (81.6%) were prescribed a concurrent prescription for at least one potentially interacting drug, including 87,346 (64.8%) who were prescribed one or more concomitant drugs associated with interactions known to increase the INR. Acetaminophen‐containing products, prescribed for 22.7% of patients receiving concomitant prescriptions, and thyroid hormones, prescribed for 17.5%, were the most commonly prescribed concurrent drugs associated with an increased INR response. The most frequently prescribed interacting agents associated with a decreased INR response were trazodone (2.2%) and carbamazepine (1.1%). The most commonly prescribed agents independently associated with increased bleeding risk were cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors.Conclusion. Many patients receiving warfarin therapy are treated with concomitant drugs that may interact with the warfarin. The high percentage of patients taking drugs that may increase INR or bleeding risk is a reminder that bleeding events are a likely adverse outcome of combining drugs that interact with warfarin. Careful warfarin management is necessary to avoid adverse events associated with drug interactions.
Assessing and managing contaminated sediments: Part I, developing an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy
Authors: Apitz Sabine E. , Davis John W. , Finkelstein Ken , Hohreiter David W. , Hoke Robert , Jensen Richard H. , Jersak Joe , Kirtay Victoria J. , Mack E. Erin , Magar Victor S. , Moore David , Reible Danny , Stahl Ralph G. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This is the first of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In this paper, Part I, the many key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy are reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In Part II of this paper (Apitz et al. 2005), various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management.
Effects of dissolved organic carbon on copper toxicity: Implications for saltwater copper criteria
Authors: Arnold W. Ray 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
During the past three decades, significant advances have been made in understanding how environmental factors modify the bioavailability and the toxicity of metals such as copper in aquatic environments. Several of these advances have led to the development of guidelines to indirectly account for modifying factors, adjustment of criteria on a site-specific basis, and direct changes to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) freshwater quality criteria. To date, most of this effort has focused on freshwater systems, although similar modifying factors exist in marine environments as well. This paper focuses on one such modifying factor, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and describes a method to aid in risk assessments or to refine the saltwater copper criteria on a site-specific basis. The relationship between DOC and toxicity of copper to the most sensitive saltwater genus in the U.S. EPA criteria database, Mytilus, is extensively analyzed. Dissolved copper 50% effective concentrations (EC50s) are highly correlated (r2 = 0.71, n = 54, p &lt; 0.001) across a wide range of sample DOC concentrations (0.3−10 mg carbon [C]/L) and are explained by the equation EC50 = 11.53DOC0.54. Two equations based on DOC are proposed for consideration as a means for deriving site-specific final chronic criteria (FCC) and final acute criteria (FAC) for copper in marine and estuarine environments (Copper FCCDOC = 3.71 DOC0.54 and Copper FACDOC = 5.843DOC0.54).
Assessing and managing contaminated sediments: Part II, evaluating risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness
Authors: Apitz Sabine E. , Davis John W. , Finkelstein Ken , Hohreiter David W. , Hoke Robert , Jensen Richard H. , Jersak Joe , Kirtay Victoria J. , Mack E. Erin , Magar Victor S. , Moore David , Reible Danny , Stahl Ralph G. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This is the second of a two-part review of the current state-of-the-science pertaining to the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. The goal of this review is to introduce some of the major technical and policy issues stemming from the assessment and management of contaminated sediments, highlight a number of aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management found to be successful, and, when appropriate, address the barriers that still exist for improving contaminated sediment management. In Part I (Apitz et al. 2005), the key elements of an effective investigation and risk evaluation strategy were reviewed, beginning with the development of a conceptual site model (CSM) and including a discussion of some of the key factors influencing the design of sediment investigations and ecological risk assessment of sediment-bound chemicals on aquatic biota. In this paper, Part II, various approaches are reviewed for evaluating sediment risk and monitoring sediment remedy effectiveness. While many of the technical and policy issues described in this review are relevant to dredged material management, the focus of this paper is on sediment assessment for environmental management.
Mesomixing in semi‐batch reaction crystallization and influence of reactor size
Authors: Torbacke Marika , Rasmuson Åke C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractExperiments on semibatch reaction crystallization of benzoic acid are reported, in which hydrochloric acid was fed into an agitated solution of sodium benzoate. The influence of mixing and the influence of reactor size are examined on the product crystal mean size. The product mean size increases with increasing stirring rate and with decreasing feed rate. At low feed rates, the mean size increases at decreasing feed pipe diameter. At high feed rates the influence of the feed pipe diameter is more complex. Micromixing is of some importance in most experiments, but the rate of mesomixing especially governs the process. Mesomixing seems to be adequately described by the inertial‐convective disintegration mechanism. In many aspects experimental results cannot be described by the turbulent‐dispersion mechanism. The product mean size does not exhibit a clear dependence on reactor size, but depends more strongly on other parameters. Results from experiments from 1 L scale to 200 L scale can be correlated fairly well against a dimensionless number defined as the ratio of the total time of reactant feeding to the time constant of mixing. The best representation of the mixing time constant is obtained by making it directly proportional to the ratio of the feed pipe diameter and the linear velocity of the bulk flow passing the feed pipe. The proportionality constant can be calculated from turbulence data over the bulk flow at the feed point. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3107–3119, 2004
Curing of composites by radiation and natural convection in an autoclave
Authors: Salagnac P. , Dutournié P. , Glouannec P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAs a major objective, the feasibility is checked of the curing of composite material parts in a small diameter autoclave. The material must respect a temperature cycle curing and different thermal constraints. The particularity of this study is the heat exchanges which are mainly free convection and radiation. The temperature profile and the reticulation conversion yield are determined in a section of the autoclave by numerical simulations at different functioning pressures and commented. An experimental investigation has been made at atmospheric pressure. The measured data well agreed with the simulated results. This study allows us to validate this autoclave designed for the curing of composite material parts. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 3149–3159, 2004
Influence of mass transfer in distillation: Residue curves and total reflux
Authors: Taylor R. , Baur R. , Krishna R. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe relationship is explored between residue curves and composition trajectories in tray and packed distillation columns. The standard model for residue curves as described by, for example, Doherty and Malone is completely consistent, and that published attempts to modify this model to take into account mass transfer effects are flawed. The packed and tray column composition trajectories at total reflux collapse onto the residue curves when each species in the vapor phase has an identical facility for mass transfer (and there is no resistance to mass transfer in the liquid phase). The stationary points of a residue curve map (RCM) and a composition trajectory map (CTM) are the same (pure components and azeotropes). Thus, mass transfer effects do not change the basic structure of the RCM. However, distillation boundaries computed from a mass transfer model are not, in general, identical to those in the RCM. Differences between residue curves and composition trajectories are characterized by the relative length of and angle between the two composition vectors. The relative length of the composition vectors characterizes the separation process and can be best understood as an average efficiency for a multicomponent mixture. For a binary system in a tray column the new efficiency is equal to the Murphree efficiency. For a binary system in a packed column the vector average efficiency is equal to the overall number of transfer units. The average efficiency may also be viewed as the local ratio of the arc length of the actual composition profile to the arc length of the composition trajectory for a reference (virtual) column in which all species have the same facility for mass transfer. The reference composition profile is coincident with a residue curve. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50:3134–3148, 2004
Synthesis, X‐Ray Structural Analysis and Spectroscopic Investigations (IR and 31P MAS NMR) of Mixed Barium/Strontium Fluoroapatites.
Authors: Aissa Abdallah , Badraoui Bechir , Thouvenot Rene , Debbabi Mongi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Magnetism, and Crystal Structure of Li2Fe[(PO4)(HPO4)] and Its Hydrogen Position Refinement.
Authors: Mi Jin‐Xiao , Borrmann Horst , Zhang Hui , Huang Ya‐Xi , Schnelle Walter , Zhao Jing‐Tai , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Autocatalysis Initiated by Chiral Ephedrine Immobilized on Silica Gel in a Diisopropylzinc Addition to Pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Sato Itaru , Shimizu Masako , Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Soai Kenso 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Application of Monodentate Secondary Phosphine Oxide Ligands in Rhodium‐ and Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐bin , van den Berg M. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Feringa Ben L. , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Styrenes Using Efficient Chiral Spiro Phosphoramidite Ligands.
Authors: Guo Xun‐Xiang , Xie Jian‐Hua , Hou Guo‐Hua , Shi Wen‐Jian , Wang Li‐Xin , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ru3(CO)12‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Allylic Transfer Reaction of Tethered Carbonyl Group and Allylic Acetate Moiety.
Authors: Yu Chan‐Mo , Lee Sungwon , Hong Young‐Taek , Yoon Seok‐Keun 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Side Chain Bromination of Mono and Dimethyl Heteroaromatic and Aromatic Compounds by Solid Phase N‐Bromosuccinimide Reaction Without Radical Initiator under Microwave.
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Dey Swapan , Jana Subrata , Adak Avijit Kumar 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxy‐cyclobutanone Derivatives and Their Transformations into Polyfunctional Three‐ and Five‐Membered Ring Compounds.
Authors: Ghosez Leon , Yang Gaoqiang , Cagnon Jose Renato , Le Bideau Franck , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Carbonylation of 1,5‐Enynes Using TTMSS as a Chain Carrier. Unexpected Formation of Persistent 3‐Silyl‐1‐siloxyallyl Radicals Serving as a Chain Breaking Path.
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Uenoyama Yoshitaka , Oguri Shinya , Otsuka Noboru , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Diiodo‐ and Triiodoanilines by Iodination of Aniline with Potassium Dichloroiodate and Preparation of 1,3,5‐Triiodobenzene.
Authors: Vatsadze S. Z. , Titanyuk I. D. , Chernikov A. V. , Zyk N. V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel (3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxy‐phenylcarbamoyl)‐alkanoic Acids as Potent Antioxidants.
Authors: Lodyato Vladimir I. , Yurkova Irina L. , Sorokin Viktor L. , Shadyro Oleg I. , Dolgopalets Vladimir I. , Kisel Mikhail A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple and Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐ and (E)‐Allyl Halides Catalyzed by Silica Supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate: Factors Influencing the Yields and Stereochemistry of Allyl Halides.
Authors: Das Biswanath , Banerjee Joydeep , Ravindranath Nasi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Magnesium Carbenoids with N‐Lithio Arylamines: A Novel Method for Generation of Non‐Stabilized α‐Amino‐Substituted Carbanions and a New Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Osawa Atsushi , Kondo Atsushi 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethynylation of Pyrroles with 1‐Acyl‐2‐bromoacetylenes on Alumina: A Formal “Inverse Sonogashira Coupling”.
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Stepanova Zinaida V. , Sobenina Lyubov' N. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Ushakov Igor A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of (Organylthio)chloroacetylenes with Aliphatic 1,2‐Dithiols: A Route to Functionalized 1,3‐Dithiolanes.
Authors: D'yachkova Svetlana G. , Gusarova Nina K. , Nikitina Elena A. , Afonin Andrei V. , Deryagina Eleonora N. , Russavskaya Natal'ya V. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 6‐Cycloalkyl‐2(3H)‐benzoxazolones and Benzoxathiazolones via 6‐Tri‐N‐butyltin Intermediates.
Authors: Carato P. , Moussavi Z. , Yous S. , Poupaert J.‐H. , Lebegue N. , Berthelot P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Alkylamino‐3‐(2‐hydroxyaryl)‐1‐polyfluoroalkylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones and 2‐Polyfluoroalkyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐imines
Authors: Sosnovskikh V. Ya. , Usachev B. I. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Short‐Step Synthesis of Functionalized 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones Using a 1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole Methodology.
Authors: Zikou Lamprini , Athanasellis Giorgos , Detsi Anastasia , Zografos Alexandros , Mitsos Christos , Igglessi‐Markopoulou Olga 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Binuclear and Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands. Part 4. New Polydentate Azomethine Ligands Based on 2,5‐Diformylpyrrole and 2,6‐Diformylpyridine.
Authors: Katayev E. A. , Reshetova M. D. , Ustynyuk Yu. A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Formyl Derivatives of Benzodiazacrown Ethers and Benzocryptands.
Authors: Fedorova O. A. , Vedernikov A. I. , Baronova I. E. , Eshcheulova O. V. , Fedorchuk E. A. , Gloe K. , Gromov S. P. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 3‐O‐Acyl/3‐hydrazine/2‐bromo/20,29‐dibromo Betulinic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Mukherjee Rama , Jaggi Manu , Siddiqui Mohammad J. A. , Srivastava Sanjay K. , Rajendran Praveen , Vardhan Anand , Burman Anand C. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective and Stereoselective Nucleophilic Ring Opening of Trifluoromethylated Cyclic Sulfates: Asymmetric Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of syn‐(3‐Trifluoromethyl)isoserine.
Authors: Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry of L‐Ascorbic Acid. Part 4. Regioselective O‐Alkylation of 5,6‐O‐Isopropylidene‐L‐ascorbic Acid Using CsF.
Authors: Kulkarni Mukund G. , Kate Sandesh D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Biphasic Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions in Dense‐Phase Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ikariya Takao , Noyori Ryoji , Abrams Michael B. , Carter Charles A. G. , Jacobson Gunilla B. , Liu Fuchen , Pesiri David R. , Tumas William 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.