bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotoxicity in humans exposed to arsenic, lithium, and boron in drinking water in the Bolivian Andes—A cross sectional study
Authors: Tirado Noemi , Mamani Josué , De Loma Jessica , Ascui Franz , Broberg Karin , Gardon Jacques 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElevated concentrations of arsenic, lithium and boron in drinking water have already been reported in Bolivia. Arsenic is known to cause genotoxicity but that caused by lithium and boron is less well known. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to evaluate potential genotoxic effects of exposure to arsenic, while considering exposure to lithium and boron and genetic susceptibility. Women (n = 230) were recruited in villages located around Lake Poopó. Exposure to arsenic was determined as the sum of concentrations of arsenic metabolites inorganic arsenic, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in urine. Exposure to lithium and boron was determined based on their concentrations in urine. Genetic susceptibility was determined by GSTM1 (glutathione S‐transferase‐mu‐1) and GSTT1 (glutathione S‐transferase‐theta‐1) null genotypes and AS3MT (Arsenite Methyltransferase) rs3740393. Genotoxicity was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes using the comet assay. The geometric means of arsenic, lithium, and boron concentrations were 68, 897, and 3972 μg/L, respectively. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null carriers had more DNA strand breaks than gene carriers (p = .008, p = .005). We found no correlation between urinary arsenic and DNA strand breaks (rS = .03, p = .64), and only a weak non‐significant positive association in the adjusted multivariate analysis (β = .09 [−.03; .22], p = .14). Surprisingly, increasing concentrations of lithium in urine were negatively correlated with DNA strand breaks (rS = −.24, p = .0006), and the association persisted in multivariate analysis after adjusting for arsenic (β = −.22 [−.36; −.08], p = .003). We found no association between boron and DNA strand breaks. The apparent protective effect of lithium merits further investigation.
Data sharing in modeling and simulation of biomechanical systems in interdisciplinary environments
Authors: Villota‐Narvaez Yesid , Bleiler Christian , Röhrle Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAll digital objects that result from the modeling and simulation field are valid sets of research data. In general, research data are the result of intense intellectual activity that is worth communicating. This communication is an essential research practice that, whether with the aim of understanding, critiquing or further developing results, smoothly leads to collaboration, which not only involves discussions, and sharing institutional resources, but also the sharing of data and information at several stages of the research process. Data sharing is intended to improve and facilitate collaboration but quickly introduces challenges like reproducibility, reusability, interoperability, and standardization. These challenges are deeply rooted in an apparent reproducibility standard, about which there is a debate worth considering before emphasizing how the modeling and simulation workflow commonly occurs. Although that workflow is almost natural for practitioners, the sharing practices still require special attention because the principles (known as FAIR principles) that guide research practices towards data sharing also guide the requirements for machine actionable results. The FAIR principles, however, do not address the actual implementation of the data sharing process. This implementation requires careful consideration of characteristics of the sharing platforms for benefiting the most of the data sharing activity. This article serves as an invitation to integrate data sharing practices into the established routines of researchers and elaborates on the perspectives, and guidelines surrounding data sharing implementation.
Trends by age and sex and projections of disease prevalence from studying hypertensive heart disease in China over the past three decades
Authors: Su Yao , He Honghong , Yang Jingtao , Liu Ya , Jiang Weiwei , Li Chen , Wei Yang , Cheng Jun , Chen Yiguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundHypertensive heart disease (HHD) is a common cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality worldwide, and its burden is increasing with aging populations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence and mortality rates of HHD in mainland China and Taiwan Province using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019), and forecast the development trend of HHD from 2020 to 2024.MethodsWe obtained data on number of cases, deaths, crude prevalence rate, crude death rate, age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age‐standardized death rate (ASDR) for mainland China and Taiwan Province from 1990 to 2019 from the GBD 2019. Joinpoint software was used to estimate average annual percentage change (AAPC) with 95% confidence intervals, and the number of HHD cases in China from 2022 to 2024 was predicted by the exponential smoothing method.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2019, HHD cases and deaths increased in mainland China, but the ASPR and ASDR decreased by 5.96% and 48.72%, respectively. In Taiwan Province, ASPR and ASDR decreased by 7.66% and 52.14%, respectively. The number of HHD cases and death rates varied by region, age, and sex, with a higher number of cases in mainland China than in Taiwan Province. By 2024, the number of HHD cases in mainland China was projected to be over 9.6 million cases, and in Taiwan Province, it was projected to surpass 120,000 cases.ConclusionThe differences in HHD cases between mainland China and Taiwan Province in terms of age and sex indicated the need for effective prevention and control measures, especially targeting the elderly population. These findings can inform policymakers and health professionals in the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies and resource allocation for HHD in China.
Boosting CsSnI3‐based near‐infrared perovskite light‐emitting diodes performance via solvent coordination engineering
Authors: Li Yuqing , Guan Xiang , Meng Yuanyuan , Chen Jingfu , Lin Junpeng , Chen Xi , Liu Chia‐Yun , Zhao Yaping , Zhang Qin , Tian Chengbo , Lu Jianxun , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to their unique photoelectric properties, nontoxic tin‐based perovskites are emerging candidates for efficient near‐infrared LEDs. However, the facile oxidation of Sn2+ and the rapid crystallization rate of tin‐based perovskites result in suboptimal film quality, leading to inferior efficiencies of tin‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pero‐LEDs). In this study, we investigate the influence of commonly used solvents on the quality of the CsSnI3 films. Remarkably, DMSO exhibits a stronger interaction with SnI2, forming a stable intermediate phase of SnI2·3DMSO. This intermediate effectively inhibits the oxidation of Sn2+ and slows down the crystallization rate, bringing in lower defect state density and higher photoluminescence quantum yield of the prepared perovskite films. Consequently, the corresponding Pero‐LEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.6%, among the most efficient near‐infrared Pero‐LEDs. In addition, the device processes ultra‐low efficiency roll‐off and high reproducibility. Our research underscores the crucial role of solvent‐perovskite coordination in determining film quality. These findings offer valuable guidance for screening solvents to prepare highly efficient and stable tin‐based perovskites.
Dietary Fiber in Weaning Cereals: A Study of the Effect on Stool Characteristics and Absorption of Energy, Nitrogen, and Minerals in Healthy Infants
Authors: Davidsson Lena , Mackenzie Jill , Kastenmayer Peter , Rose Anne , Golden Barbara E. , Aggett Peter J. , Hurrell Richard F. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe evaluated the effect of increased dietary fiber (DF) content in weaning cereals based on wheat/soy (8.0 and 1.8% DF) and wheat/milk (5.3 and 2.0% DF) in healthy, formula‐fed infants 7‐17 weeks old. The study had a cross‐over design, each infant acting as his or her own control. Stool characteristics and anthropometry were monitored over 4‐week periods in groups of 34 (wheat/soy) and 23 (wheat/milk) infants. Absorption of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) was studied by measuring the fecal excretion of stable isotopes during 72 h (70Zn and 42Ca) in a subgroup of the infants consuming wheat/soy cereals. Iron (Fe) bioavailability was evaluated by analysis of the incorporation of 58Fe into erythrocytes 14 days after administration. Fractional absorption (X ± SD: 8.0 versus 1.8% DF) was 45.3 ± 27.5 versus 41.2 ± 19.4% of 70Zn and 63.4 ± 15.8 versus 64.4 ± 10.6% of 42Ca. Bioavailability of 58Fe varied between 1.0% and 5.4% (8.0% DF) and from <0.9% to 9.1% (1.8% DF). No significant difference in energy (95.3 ± 2.0% versus 95.7 ± 1.2%) or nitrogen (92.6 ± 2.3% versus 93.0 ± 1.6%) apparent absorption from the total diet was found during consumption of cereal with 8.0 and 1.8% DF. The intake of cereal decreased with higher DF content in the wheat/soy product: 34 ± 23 g/d (8.0% DF) versus 42 ± 23 g/d (1.8% DF), p < 0.01. While consuming the 8.0% DF product, 11 infants were reported to have “gritty stools”; no other differences were observed between different groups in stool characteristics or anthropometry. These results demonstrate no negative effect on the absorption of energy and nutrients with higher dietery fiber intake in primarily formula‐fed infants. The impact of increased dietary fiber levels remains unknown in less well‐nourished infants.
Effects of Native and Hydrolyzed Whey Protein on Intestinal Repair of Severely Starved Rats at Weaning
Authors: Boza Julio , Jiménez Jesús , Baró Luis , Martínez Olga , Suárez M. Dolores , Gil Angel 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sources of dietary nitrogen (isolated whey protein and hydrolyzed whey protein) on the intestinal repair of malnourished rats at weaning. The malnutrition was achieved by a 3 days' starvation period. Normally fed male Wistar rats were used as controls. Intestinal repair was studied after a refeeding period of 4 days. The parameters studied included nitrogen balance, lactase, sucrase, isomaltase, and maltase activities of the jejunum; liver acetylcholinesterase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities; and the serum amino acid profile. In addition, tests of intestinal permeability to macromolecules were performed by measurement of ovalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin in serum. Both diets led to the recovery of the severely starved rats, in terms of the values of all the parameters evaluated. The serum β‐lactoglobulin was the only exception, because its concentration was significantly lower in the normally fed animals. This study suggests that the intestinal mucosal barrier is not completely repaired, even after a 4‐day refeeding period, to the point of being suitable to accept an increase in the uptake of antigens.
Randomised Trial of Effect of Delayed Intravenous Lipid Administration on Chronic Lung Disease in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Alwaidh M. H. , Bowden L. , Shaw B. , Ryan S. W. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA recent sevenfold increase in the annual incidence of chronic neonatal lung disease (CNLD) on an intensive care unit was attributed to the early administration of intravenous lipid (IVL) in ventilated preterm neonates. When logistic regression was used to eliminate other confounding variables, early delivery of IVL was independently associated with an eight‐fold increase in the likelihood of CNLD. Consequently, we designed a prospective study to detect a halving of the incidence of CNLD by delaying IVL administration from 5 days (as is routine practice) to 14 days. Sixty‐four parenterally fed preterm neonates weighing <1,500 g at birth were randomised to receive IVL either on day 5 or day 14. Analysis was by intention to treat, since several infants in the latter group required no parenteral nutrition by day 14. Our results showed that the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of CNLD at 28 postnatal days was 1.15 (0.81‐1.62); at 36 weeks postconception, it was 1.08 (0.59‐1.99). A study population of >2,000 would be required to determine whether these relative risks were significantly different from 1.
Development of Iron Status and Response to Iron Medication in Pubertal Boys
Authors: Anttila Raija , Siimes Martti A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryDuring male puberty, rapid growth of body mass and the rise in hemoglobin concentration require much iron. The increasing need for iron may carry a risk of iron deficiency. Criteria for iron deficiency in adolescence are difficult to assess, as indicated by prevalences ranging from 0.5 to 30% in five recent studies from developed countries. We followed 60 prepubertal or early pubertal boys, testing them at 6‐month intervals for 24 months and relating hemoglobin levels and other iron parameters to age, pubertal development, and response to iron medication. A significant increase in mean hemoglobin was first seen at genital stage G4. In early puberty, in contrast, between stages G1 and G3, ferritin decreased. Mean transferrin increased slightly during the study. The prevalence of iron deficiency increased both with age and with advancing puberty. However, the early decline in ferritin may be a physiologic response to guarantee increasing intestinal absorption. After iron medication, we observed improvements in the levels of our parameters of iron status, which showed that hemoglobin levels had been limited by iron deficiency. In pubertal boys, evaluation of iron deficiency should not be based on laboratory parameters alone; age, pubertal development, and growth should also be taken into account.
Cryptogenic Hepatitis Masking the Diagnosis of Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
Authors: Zammarchi Enrico , Donati Maria Alice , Filippi Luca , Resti Massimo 
Published: February 2024

SummaryWe describe three children with transaminase elevations and hepatic insufficiency who were given the diagnosis of cryptogenic hepatitis after the more common viral and metabolic diseases of the liver had been excluded. However, further laboratory investigations showed hyperammonemia, low blood urea levels, elevated plasma glutamine levels, and low citrulline levels. Urinary excretion of orotic acid was higher than normal, with absent urinary homocitrulline and normal fractional tubular reabsorption of lysine, ornithine, and arginine. These findings suggest the diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. We emphasize the importance of investigating possible urea cycle disorders by determining ammonia plasma levels, both at baseline and after a protein load; urinary and plasma amino acids; and urinary orotic acid in all patients with liver disease of indeterminate etiology.
Absorption of Macronutrients from a Calorie‐Dense Diet in Malnourished Children during Acute Shigellosis
Authors: Mazumder Ramendra N. , Kabir Iqbal , Rahman M. Mujibur , Khatun Makduma , Mahalanabis Dilip 
Published: February 2024

SummaryA metabolic balance study was performed to determine the absorption of macronutrients and energy from different food items in 23 malnourished children aged 12 to 48 months with clinically severe acute dysentery due to shigellosis. In a 72‐h balance period, the absorption of carbohydrate, protein, fat, and total energy was determined. All the children received a standard hospital diet; 12 children in the test group were offered an additional calorie‐dense milk (5.0 kJ/ml with a protein‐energy ratio of 11.0), and 11 children in the control group, on the other hand, received a milk formula with an energy of 2.5 kJ/ml with a protein‐energy ratio of 11.0. The intakes (g/kg/day) of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy between test and control groups were 4.25 versus 2.32 (p = 0.01), 7.63 versus 3.00 (p = 0.01), 21.09 versus 11.14 (p = 0.01), and 711 kJ/kg/day versus 338 kJ/kg/day (p = 0.01), respectively. The coefficients of absorption of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy between test and control groups were 61 versus 67% (p = 0.45), 69 versus 82% (p = 0.11), 77 versus 86% (p = 0.13), and 72 versus 82% (p = 0.13), respectively. The losses (g/kg/day) of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy between the two groups were 1.61 versus 0.76 (p = 0.00), 2.44 versus 0.55 (p = 0.00), 5.0 versus 1.6 (p = 0.00), and 204 kJ/kg/day versus 60 kJ/kg/day, respectively. The results of this study indicate that during the acute stage of shigellosis (with a substantially enhanced total intake of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and energy), by adding calorie‐dense meals in malnourished children younger than 5 years, the absorption of macronutrients is not significantly different from that with the usual diet but suboptimal dietary energy intake, as is the case under ordinary treatment conditions.
IgA Antigliadin Antibodies as a Screening Method for Nonovert Celiac Disease in Children with Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Calero P. , Ribes‐Koninckx C. , Albiach V. , Carles C. , Ferrer J. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryOne hundred forty‐one children with insulindependent diabetes mellitus were screened for serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antigliadin antibodies by means of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. None of them had gastrointestinal symptoms, and no major nutritional disturbances were detected except for a girl with moderate growth delay. Twelve patients with positive IgA antigliadin antibodies on two or more consecutive measurements underwent a small intestinal biopsy; four of them had a subtotal villous atrophy, and celiac disease was diagnosed; in another patient, a partial villous atrophy was observed. Children suffering from both diabetes and celiac disease showed an onset of diabetes at a younger age than did nonceliac patients. Prevalence of celiac disease in the screened population is 2.85%, which is higher than in the general population of the Comunidad Valenciana (one in 2,500 live births).
Facilitating Effect of Amino Acids on Fructose and Sorbitol Absorption in Children
Authors: Hoekstra J. Hans , van den Aker Janet H. L. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe facilitating effect of glucose on free fructose absorption has been suggested to be due to a sucrase‐related transport mechanism. In contrast, the conditions influencing the absorption of sorbitol have hardly been investigated. As amino acids promote transcellular water flow, we investigated their effects on the absorption of fructose and sorbitol. We studied 15 healthy children using breath hydrogen tests following the ingestion of fructose and sorbitol, alone and in combination with glucose or amino acids. Similarly, the effect of acarbose pretreatment on sucrose and fructose‐glucose absorption was investigated. The inhibition of sucrase isomaltase by acarbose impedes the absorption of sucrose but not of the fructose‐glucose mixture. Fructose absorption is enhanced by glucose and by the amino acids L‐alanine, L‐glutamine, L‐phenylalanine, and L‐proline. Similarly, the absorption of sorbitol is facilitated by glucose and L‐alanine. These results are not in concordance with a sucrase‐related fructose‐transport system and suggest another mechanism for glucose‐induced enhancement of fructose (and sorbitol) absorption. We hypothesize that the absorption of fructose and sorbitol may be stimulated by the increased water flux induced by active absorption of glucose as well as amino acids.
Congenital Glucose‐Galactose Malabsorption in Arab Children
Authors: Abdullah Assad M. A. , El‐Mouzan Mohamed I. , Shiekh Omer Karrar El , Mazyad Abdullah Al 
Published: February 2024

SummaryEight children with chronic diarrhea from glucose‐galactose malabsorption from eight different families are presented. Six children are Saudi Arabs and two are of the other Arab nationalities. The mean age of the children at the time of presentation was 10.6 months. They were first seen for chronic watery diarrhea, present since birth, and failure to thrive. Laboratory investigations, including small‐bowel biopsy, histology, and small‐bowel enzyme assay, confirmed the diagnosis of glucose‐galactose malabsorption. One child had a renal stone at the first visit, and another was discovered to have one on follow‐up. All the children responded clinically to fructose‐based formula, and they are thriving at follow‐up.
Incidence of Gastroesophageal Reflux with Whey‐ and Casein‐Based Formulas in Infants and in Children with Severe Neurological Impairment
Authors: Khoshoo Vikram , Zembo Michelle , King Andrew , Dhar Monica , Reifen Ram , Pencharz Paul 
Published: February 2024

SummaryTen exclusively gastrostomy‐fed, neurologically impaired children (4.5‐14.5 years old) with gastroesophageal reflux were randomly assigned to receive feedings with either a casein‐ or a whey‐based formula for 48 h each and then crossed over to the other formula. One 24‐h pH probe study each was performed while being fed casein‐ and whey‐based formula, respectively. There was a significant reduction in episodes and duration of gastroesophageal reflux while consuming the whey‐based formula (p < 0.05). Whey‐based feedings should be considered an additional tool in conjunction with other antireflux measures to treat gastroesophageal reflux more effectively in children with severe neurological impairment. A similar study was also conducted involving 14 infants (3‐12 months old) with documented gastroesophageal reflux using 24‐h pH probe monitoring while consuming a casein‐based formula. The formula was changed to a whey‐based formula and the pH probe study repeated within 3‐5 days. Four infants showed improvement and the rest showed either deterioration (1/14) or comparable results (9/14). The reduction in the mean number of episodes or duration of gastroesophageal reflux with the whey‐formula was not significantly different from that with the casein‐based formula (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, generalized recommendations for the use of whey‐based formula in infants with gastroesophageal reflux cannot be made.