bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Unhealthy Lifestyle and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Cardiovascular Healthy Outcomes
Authors: Wu Wentao , Ma Wen , Yuan Shiqi , Feng Aozi , Li Li , Zheng Haoxiao , Li Shuna , He Ningxia , Huang Yuli , Lyu Jun 
Published: November 2023

Background
The role of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a mediator in the association between various unhealthy lifestyles and major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause death remains unclear.

Methods and Results
This study used data from the UK Biobank, with follow‐up until the end of 2021. It involved the calculation of unweighted and weighted lifestyle scores using the Cox model to classify participants on the basis of these scores. Additionally, the research assessed the mediation effect proportion of NAFLD using the difference method and examined the interaction and joint effects of lifestyle and NAFLD on health outcomes. Among the 134 616 enrolled participants, 4024 had records of major adverse cardiovascular events, while among the 130 144 participants included in the analysis of all‐cause death, 6697 deaths occurred. The proportions of the association between overall lifestyle and major adverse cardiovascular events mediated by NAFLD were 19.4% and 21.7% (95% CI, 16.2–22.6 and 17.8–25.7) for scores 1 and 2, respectively, and those for all‐cause death were 14.1% and 10.1% (95% CI, 11.3–17.1 and 7.9–12.2). After fully adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the mediating effects declined across both outcomes. The associations between overall lifestyle and outcomes were stronger among those of the non‐NAFLD group, and significant interactions were observed between overall lifestyle and NAFLD status. The joint analysis revealed that patients with NAFLD with unhealthy lifestyle had the highest risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and all‐cause death.

Conclusions
Improving lifestyle and addressing metabolic risk factors are essential for cardiovascular risk management in patients with NAFLD.
Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review of the Literature, Current Challenges, and Ways Forward
Authors: Snyder Daniel J. , Zilinyi Robert S. , Cohen David J. , Parikh Sahil A. , Sethi Sanjum S. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) affects >1.2 million Americans annually. Although the clinical outcomes and economic burdens of VTE have been well described, the impact of VTE on patients' health status has yet to be summarized. This systematic review summarizes how patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) have been used in VTE to date.

Methods and Results
PubMed/MEDLINE was queried for literature published through March 2023 using PROMs in a population of patients with VTE. Studies were excluded if the reference was an editorial, review, or case report, or if the study included patients with conditions other than VTE. Qualitative analyses were performed. After screening and exclusion, 136 references were identified; 5 described PROM development, 20 focused on PROM validation, and 111 used PROMs in outcomes research. The most used generic PROMs were the 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey and EuroQol 5‐dimensional questionnaire, and the most common disease‐specific PROMs were the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study–Quality of Life/Symptoms and the Pulmonary Embolism Quality of Life Questionnaire. PROMs were used to quantify the changes in health status after diagnosis, characterize the trajectory of subsequent improvement, and identify drivers of continued impairments in health status like postthrombotic syndrome and postpulmonary embolism syndrome. PROMs were also used to investigate the impact of novel treatment modalities on quality of life.

Conclusions
This review demonstrates the many benefits of PROM use, including quantifying changes in health status with treatment, capturing patients' experiences with the treatment itself, and identifying complications of VTE. Incorporating PROMs into VTE care will be an essential component of evaluating the effectiveness of novel therapies and should lead to improved shared decision‐making for patients with VTE.
Efficient PCA denoising of spatially correlated redundant MRI data
Authors: Henriques Rafael Neto , Ianuş Andrada , Novello Lisa , Jovicich Jorge , Jespersen Sune N , Shemesh Noam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Marčenko-Pastur PCA (MPPCA) denoising is emerging as an effective means for noise suppression in MR imaging (MRI) acquisitions with redundant dimensions. However, MPPCA performance can be severely compromised by spatially correlated noise—an issue typically affecting most modern MRI acquisitions—almost to the point of returning the original images with little or no noise removal. In this study, we explore different threshold criteria for principal component analysis (PCA) component classification that enable efficient and robust denoising of MRI data even when noise exhibits high spatial correlations, especially in cases where data are acquired with Partial Fourier and when only magnitude data are available. We show that efficient denoising can be achieved by incorporating a-priori information about the noise variance into PCA denoising thresholding. Based on this, two denoising strategies developed here are: 1) General PCA (GPCA) denoising that uses a-priori noise variance estimates without assuming specific noise distributions; and 2) Threshold PCA (TPCA) denoising which removes noise components with a threshold computed from a-priori estimated noise variance to determine the upper bound of the Marčenko-Pastur (MP) distribution. These strategies were tested in simulations with known ground truth and applied for denoising diffusion MRI data acquired using pre-clinical (16.4T) and clinical (3T) MRI scanners. In synthetic phantoms, MPPCA denoising failed to denoise spatially correlated data, while GPCA and TPCA better classified components as dominated by signal/noise. In cases where the noise variance was not accurately estimated (as can be the case in many practical scenarios), TPCA still provides excellent denoising performance. Our experiments in pre-clinical diffusion data with highly corrupted by spatial correlated noise revealed that both GPCA and TPCA robustly denoised the data while MPPCA denoising failed. In in vivo diffusion MRI data acquired on a clinical scanner in healthy subjects, MPPCA weakly removed noised, while TPCA was found to have the best performance, likely due to misestimations of the noise variance. Thus, our work shows that these novel denoising approaches can strongly benefit future pre-clinical and clinical MRI applications.
White matter tract microstructure, macrostructure, and associated cortical gray matter morphology across the lifespan
Authors: Schilling Kurt G. , Chad Jordan A. , Chamberland Maxime , Nozais Victor , Rheault Francois , Archer Derek , Li Muwei , Gao Yurui , Cai Leon , Del’Acqua Flavio , Newton Allen , Moyer Daniel , Gore John C. , Lebel Catherine , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Characterizing how, when, and where the human brain changes across the lifespan is fundamental to our understanding of developmental processes of childhood and adolescence, degenerative processes of aging, and divergence from normal patterns in disease and disorders. We aimed to provide detailed descriptions of white matter pathways across the lifespan by thoroughly characterizing white matter microstructure, white matter macrostructure, and morphology of the cortex associated with white matter pathways. We analyzed four large, high-quality, cross-sectional datasets comprising 2789 total imaging sessions, and participants ranging from 0 to 100 years old, using advanced tractography and diffusion modeling. We first find that all microstructural, macrostructural, and cortical features of white matter bundles show unique lifespan trajectories, with rates and timing of development and degradation that vary across pathways—describing differences between types of pathways and locations in the brain, and developmental milestones of maturation of each feature. Second, we show cross-sectional relationships between different features that may help elucidate biological differences at different stages of the lifespan. Third, we show unique trajectories of age associations across features. Finally, we find that age associations during development are strongly related to those during aging. Overall, this study reports normative data for several features of white matter pathways of the human brain that are expected to be useful for studying normal and abnormal white matter development and degeneration.
Impact of the Upper-Tropospheric Cold Low on the Genesis of Typhoon Hagupit (2020)
Authors: Zhang Xiping , Fang Juan , Yu Zifeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Typhoon Hagupit (2020), which formed unexpectedly close to land, posed great challenges for forecasters. During its genesis, there was a westward-moving upper-tropospheric cold low (UTCL) to its north. This study investigated the impact of this UTCL on the genesis process using numerical simulations. In the semi-idealized experiment with this UTCL removed (run-Rcold), pre-Hagupit develops faster, but its track drifts southward in the later stage compared with the control experiment (run-cnl). In the experiment with enhanced UTCL (run-Ecold), the simulated track is similar to that in run-cnl, but pre-Hagupit does not develop into a tropical storm. In run-cnl and run-Ecold, the environmental vertical wind shear is larger than that in run-Rcold in the first 2 days, and the simulated pre-Hagupit experiences two prominent dry-air intrusions in the middle and upper troposphere. At the second intrusion, when the weakened UTCL has moved within 2° of pre-Hagupit, the convection in both experiments decays significantly, and the development of the midlevel vortex begins to lag behind that in run-Rcold, and so does the vertical alignment of the low- and midlevel vortices. The UTCL influences the movement of pre-Hagupit by modifying the large-scale steering flows, especially those above 600 hPa. In run-Rcold, due to the absence of the northward component of wind fields related to the UTCL circulation, pre-Hagupit starts to move west-northwestward instead of northwestward as in run-cnl and run-Ecold.

Significance Statement
Typhoon Hagupit (2020) got named near the 24-h warning line of China. TCs crossing this line are considered to have a significant impact on China within 24 h, or may make landfall within 24 h. After formation, Hagupit rapidly intensified to its peak intensity of 42 m s−1 in 48 h, and made landfall in Zhejiang Province at severe typhoon strength after another 8 h. Both the unexpected genesis and the rapid intensification of Hagupit posed great challenges for forecasters and deserve further investigation. This study focused on the genesis process. We noticed that there was a westward-moving upper-tropospheric cold low (UTCL) in the north during the formation of Hagupit. We have conducted three numerical experiments to investigate the impact of this UTCL on the genesis of Hagupit, and found that the UTCL is an important factor affecting the genesis process. It is detrimental to the vortex development. If the UTCL is removed, Hagupit will develop into a tropical storm more quickly, but its potential landfall point of Hagupit will shift from the southeast coast of China to the Philippines.
Investigating the Strength and Variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Teleconnections to Hydroclimate and Maize Yields in Southern and East Africa
Authors: Cook Benjamin I. , Anderson Weston , Slinski Kimberly , Shukla Shraddhanand , McNally Amy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The state of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is critical for seasonal climate forecasts, but recent events diverged substantially from expectations in many regions, including sub-Saharan Africa where seasonal forecasts are critical tools for addressing food security. Here, we evaluate 39 years (1982–2020) of data on hydroclimate, leaf area index, and maize yields to investigate the strength of ENSO teleconnections in southern and East Africa. Teleconnections to precipitation, soil moisture, and leaf area index are generally stronger during ENSO phases that cause drought conditions (El Niño in southern Africa and La Niña in East Africa), with seasonality that aligns well with the maize growing seasons. Within maize growing areas, however, ENSO teleconnections to hydroclimate and vegetation are generally weaker compared to the broader geographic regions, especially in East Africa. There is also little evidence that the magnitude of the ENSO event affects the hydroclimate or vegetation response in these maize regions. Maize yields in Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe all correlate significantly with hydroclimate and leaf area index, with South Africa and Zimbabwe showing the strongest and most consistent yield responses to ENSO events. Our results highlight the chain of causality from El Niño and La Niña forcing of regional anomalies in hydroclimate to vegetation health and maize yields in southern and East Africa. The large spread across individual ENSO events, however, underscores the limitations of this climate mode for seasonal climate prediction in the region, and the importance of finding additional sources of skill for improving climate and yield forecasts.
Understanding the Design of Fear Appeals by Applying the Extended Parallel Process Model: A Qualitative Analysis of COVID-19 Public Service Announcements
Authors: Chen Xiaobei , Son Rachel , Xiao Zhecheng , Treise Debbie , Alpert Jordan M 
Published: November 2023

Purpose Identify how early COVID-19 public health messages incorporated in the tenets of the extended parallel process model (EPPM). Setting YouTube videos developed by governmental departments, medical institutions, news organizations, and non-profit organizations in the United States were aggregated. Method This qualitative study conducted a keyword search to identify public service announcements (PSAs). The sample was further refined after searching PSAs that contained fear appeals. A thematic analysis was performed by using the constant comparative method. Sample A total of forty-three videos was included in the final analysis. Result Two themes emerged regarding messages aimed at arousing the perceived severity of threat. These themes include emphasizing the consequences of being infected and utilizing personal narratives. Perceived susceptibility of threat was aroused by emphasizing that some groups have higher risks than others. Two themes emerged around arousing perceived response efficacy: (1) the authority of professionals; and (2) altruism and personal responsibility. One way was identified to arouse perceived self-efficacy, which is informing the protective measures. Conclusion Multiple strategies were used in PSAs about COVID-19 to arouse fear during the early stages of the pandemic. The utilization of self-efficacy was oversimplified, by not providing details about the rationale for the recommended behavior.
An Exploration of Methods to Resolve Inconsistent Self-Reporting of Chronic Conditions and Impact on Multimorbidity in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Andreacchi Alessandra T. , Brini Alberto , Van den Heuvel Edwin , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Mayhew Alexandra , St John Philip , Stirland Lucy E. , Griffith Lauren E. 
Published: November 2023

Objectives To quantify inconsistent self-reporting of chronic conditions between the baseline (2011–2015) and first follow-up surveys (2015–2018) in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), and to explore methods to resolve inconsistent responses and impact on multimorbidity. Methods Community-dwelling adults aged 45–85 years in the baseline and first follow-up surveys were included ( n = 45,184). At each survey, participants self-reported whether they ever had a physician diagnosis of 35 chronic conditions. Identifiable inconsistent responses were enumerated. Results 32–40% of participants had at least one inconsistent response across all conditions. Illness-related information (e.g., taking medication) resolved most inconsistent responses (>93%) while computer-assisted software asking participants to confirm their inconsistent disease status resolved ≤53%. Using these adjudication methods, multimorbidity prevalence at follow-up increased by ≤1.6% compared to the prevalence without resolving inconsistent responses. Discussion Inconsistent self-reporting of chronic conditions is common but may not substantially affect multimorbidity prevalence. Future research should validate methods to resolve inconsistencies.
A Comparative Study of the Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Neonates During Different Waves: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Vivek Sermadurai , Kamalarathnam C. N. , Anitha Murugesan , Vaideeswaran Mariappan , Narayanan Ethirajan , Sangeetha T. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction The severity of coronavirus disease 2019 in neonates was variable. Studies describing the morbidities in neonates due to coronavirus disease 2019 among outborn neonates were limited. The impact of maternal immune status due to vaccination against coronavirus disease in 2019 on neonates remains unexplored. Hence, we aimed to compare the clinical profile of coronavirus disease 2019 among outborn neonates during the different waves. Materials and Methods We did a medical record-based retrospective study of neonates with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted between January 2020 and July 2022 in a tertiary care out-born neonatal unit in India. They were stratified based on the period of admission into the first, second, and third waves. Outcome variables, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and treatment data of the eligible neonates, were obtained and compared between different waves. Results Among the 32 neonates enrolled, 17 were admitted during the first wave, 15 during the second wave, and none during the third wave. Of all, 24 (75%) neonates were symptomatic. Contact with coronavirus disease 2019-positive mothers and the occurrence of fever and lethargy were high during the second wave. Inflammatory markers were elevated in 12 (46%), and 28% had abnormal X-rays. Eight (25%) neonates required respiratory support, and five (16%) required mechanical ventilation. The clinical outcome was good, with 91% being discharged home. No significant difference in demographics, laboratory markers, mode of treatment, or clinical outcome between the first and second waves was identified. Conclusions Transmissibility from coronavirus disease 2019-positive mothers to neonates was high during the second wave, with more coronavirus disease 2019-related symptoms. Symptomatic neonates were milder in severity but improved with supportive care.
The Israeli parties' positions in comparative perspective
Authors: Zur Roi , Bakker Ryan 
Published: November 2023

The multidimensionality of the Israeli political system is expected given Israel’s electoral system and cleavage structure. We introduce a new dataset and measurement of party positions in Israel and provide evidence that Israel’s party system is comparable to other multiparty systems in Europe (CHES-EU) and Latin America (CHES-LA). We argue and provide evidence that the most important dimension in the Israeli party system, similar to other multiparty systems, is the general Left-Right continuum, which combines both economic and cultural policy issues. Yet, unlike other established democracies, parties’ positions on the Left-Right continuum are closely related to their positions on policies related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. We also discuss Israeli-specific issues which structure the Israeli party competition. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, it allows scholars of party competition to include Israel as a comparative case in their research. Second, it is the first study that provides valid and reliable measurement of Israeli parties’ positions across multiple issues.
Do Socioeconomic Factors Affect Symptom Duration and Disease Severity at Presentation for Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Authors: Grisdela Jr Phillip , Liu Christina , Model Zina , Steele Amy , Liu David , Earp Brandon , Blazar Philip , Zhang Dafang 
Published: November 2023

Background: Socioeconomic factors have been implicated in delayed presentation for compressive neuropathies of the upper extremity. Our article seeks to elucidate the effect of socioeconomic factors on self-reported symptom duration and objective disease severity at presentation for cubital tunnel syndrome. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 207 patients with surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome at 2 institutions between June 1, 2015, and March 1, 2020. Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years, revision surgery, lack of preoperative electrodiagnostic studies, and concurrent additional surgeries. Response variables were self-reported symptom duration, time from presentation to surgery, McGowan grade, and electrodiagnostic measures. Explanatory variables included age, sex, white race, diabetes mellitus, depression, anxiety, and the Distressed Communities Index. Results: Symptom duration was associated with nonwhite race, and time from presentation to surgery was associated with insurance provider. More clinically severe disease was associated with older age, male sex, and not having carpal tunnel syndrome. Nonrecordable sensory nerve action potential latency was associated with older age, higher body mass index, male sex, diabetes mellitus, and unemployment. Nonrecordable conduction velocities were associated with older age, and having fibrillations at presentation was associated with older age, male sex, and unemployment. Conclusions: Economic distress is not associated with self-reported symptom duration, time from presentation to surgery, or presenting severity of cubital tunnel syndrome. White patients presented with shorter self-reported symptom duration. Insurance type was associated with delay from presentation to surgery. Older age and male sex were risk factors for more clinically severe disease at presentation.
Prediction of Hypoglycemia From Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Transfer Learning on Type 1 Diabetes Data: A Deep Transfer Learning Approach
Authors: Thomsen Helene B. , Jakobsen Mike M. , Hecht-Pedersen Nikolaj , Jensen Morten Hasselstrøm , Kronborg Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Background: Hypoglycemia is common in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, which can lead to decreased quality of life or premature death. Deep learning models offer promise of accurate predictions, but data scarcity poses a challenge. This study aims to develop a deep learning model utilizing transfer learning to predict hypoglycemia. Methods: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data from 226 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 180 patients with T2D were utilized. Data were structured into one-hour samples and labeled as hypoglycemia or not depending on whether three consecutive CGM values were below 3.9 [mmol/L] (70 mg/dL) one hour after the sample. A convolutional neural network (CNN) was pre-trained with the T1D data set and subsequently fitted using a T2D data set, all while being optimized toward maximizing the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) value, and it was externally validated on a separate T2D data set. Results: The developed model was externally validated with 334 711 one-hour CGM samples, of which 15 695 (4.69%) were labeled as hypoglycemic. The model achieved an AUC of 0.941 and a positive predictive value of 40.49% at a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 69.16%. Conclusions: The transfer learned CNN model showed promising performance in predicting hypoglycemic episodes and with slightly better results than a non-transfer learned CNN model.