bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analyses on pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies and magnetic storms observed by China seismo-electromagnetic satellite in August 2018
Authors: Liu Jann-Yenq Tiger , Shen Xuhui , Chang Fu-Yuan , Chen Yuh-Ing , Sun Yang-Yi , Chen Chieh-Hung , Pulinets Sergey , Hattori Katsumi , Ouzounov Dimitar , Tramutoli Valerio , Parrot Michel , Chen Wei-Sheng , Liu Cheng-Yan , Zhang Fei , Liu Dapeng , Zhang Xue-Min , Yan Rui , Wang Qiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), with a sun-synchronous orbit at 507 km altitude, was launched on 2 February 2018 to investigate pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) and ionospheric space weather. The CSES probes manifest longitudinal features of four-peak plasma density and three plasma depletions in the equatorial/low-latitudes as well as mid-latitude troughs. CSES plasma and the total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) are used to study PEIAs associated with a destructive M7.0 earthquake and its followed M6.5 and M6.3/M6.9 earthquakes in Lombok, Indonesia, on 5, 17, and 19 August 2018, respectively, as well as to examine ionospheric disturbances induced by an intense storm with the Dst index of − 175 nT on 26 August 2018. Anomalous increases (decreases) in the GIM TEC and CSES plasma density (temperature) frequently appear specifically over the epicenter days 1–5 before the M7.0 earthquake and followed earthquakes, when the geomagnetic conditions of these PEIA periods are relatively quiet, Dst: − 37 to 19 nT. In contrast, TEC and CSES plasma parameter anomalies occur globally in the southern hemisphere during the storm days of 26–28 August 2018. The CSES ion velocity shows that the electric fields of PEIAs associated with the M7.0 earthquake are 0.21/0.06 mV/m eastward and 0.11/0.10 mV/m downward at post-midnight/post-noon on 1–3 August 2018, while the penetration electric fields during the storm periods of 26–28 August 2018 are 0.17/0.45 mV/m westward/downward at post-midnight of 02:00 LT and 0.26/0.26 mV/m eastward/upward at post-noon of 14:00 LT. Spatial analyses on CSES plasma discriminate PEIAs from global effects and locate the epicenter of possible forthcoming large earthquakes. CSES ion velocities are useful to derive PEIA- and storm-related electric fields in the ionosphere.
Development and validation of a nomogram model based on pretreatment ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yan Xiaoyi , Fu Xianshui , Gui Yang , Chen Xueqi , Cheng Yuejuan , Dai Menghua , Wang Weibin , Xiao Mengsu , Tan Li , Zhang Jing , Shao Yuming , Wang Huanyu , Chang Xiaoyan , Lv Ke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To develop a nomogram using pretreatment ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to predict the clinical response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).

Methods
A total of 111 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treated with NAC between October 2017 and February 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were randomly divided (7:3) into training and validation cohorts. The pretreatment US and CEUS features were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the independent predictors of clinical response in the training cohort. Then a prediction nomogram model based on the independent predictors was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration plot, C-index and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess the nomogram’s performance, calibration, discrimination and clinical benefit.

Results
The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the taller-than-wide shape in the longitudinal plane (odds ratio [OR]:0.20, p = 0.01), time from injection of contrast agent to peak enhancement (OR:3.64; p = 0.05) and Peaktumor/ Peaknormal (OR:1.51; p = 0.03) were independent predictors of clinical response to NAC. The predictive nomogram developed based on the above imaging features showed AUCs were 0.852 and 0.854 in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. Good calibration was achieved in the training datasets, with C-index of 0.852. DCA verified the clinical usefulness of the nomogram.

Conclusions
The nomogram based on pretreatment US and CEUS can effectively predict the clinical response of NAC in patients with BRPC and LAPC; it may help guide personalized treatment.
Changing the whole game: effects of the COVID-19 pandemic's accelerated digitalization on European bank staff's data protection capabilities
Authors: van Zeeland Ine , Pierson Jo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the acceptance of digital banking services such as online payment and banking apps. As bank clients become more likely to use online services and contactless payment, the amount of consumer data available for banks’ digitalization strategies has increased. This acceleration in digital banking has placed a spotlight on retail banks’ efforts to protect personal data. Bank staff are on the frontlines of both protecting personal data and communicating their banks’ efforts in this respect to maintain consumer trust. Our study aimed to answer the following question: How did the sudden increase in digitalization during the pandemic affect bank staff’s capabilities in protecting personal data? In a two-stage qualitative study, we collected empirical data on bank staff’s data protection efforts during accelerated digitalization. Analyzing our findings from the perspective of technological mediation theory, which focuses on the relationships between technologies, practices, and social arrangements, we found that in banking platformization, bank staff are disempowered in supporting clients, who are responsibilized for protecting themselves from fraud. Competitive pressures push retail banks into using client data in ways beyond sector norms, endangering the contextual integrity of data flows. Further, our findings show that digitalization presents bank clients with new risks, of which they are informed only after changing their banking practices, and it may be difficult to return to former arrangements. The application of mediation theory, combined with contextual integrity theory, clarified the shifting positions of different digital technology users in the infrastructural network of platformized banking and allowed for an in-depth analysis of conflicting interests. By clarifying these interests, difficulties were identified that need to be addressed in public policy and digital innovation projects to prevent loss of trust among bank clients.
A fuzzy BWM and MARCOS integrated framework with Heronian function for evaluating cryptocurrency exchanges: a case study of Türkiye
Authors: Ecer Fatih , Murat Tolga , Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCrypto assets have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their many advantages, such as low transaction costs and investment opportunities. The performance of crypto exchanges is an essential factor in developing crypto assets. Therefore, it is necessary to take adequate measures regarding the reliability, speed, user-friendliness, regulation, and supervision of crypto exchanges. However, each measure to be taken creates extra costs for businesses. Studies are needed to determine the factors that most affect the performance of crypto exchanges. This study develops an integrated framework, i.e., fuzzy best–worst method with the Heronian function—the fuzzy measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution with the Heronian function (FBWM’H–FMARCOS’H), to evaluate cryptocurrency exchanges. In this framework, the fuzzy best–worst method (FBWM) is used to decide the criteria’s importance, fuzzy measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (FMARCOS) is used to prioritize the alternatives, and the Heronian function is used to aggregate the results. Integrating a modified FBWM and FMARCOS with Heronian functions is particularly appealing for group decision-making under vagueness. Through case studies, some well-known cryptocurrency exchanges operating in Türkiye are assessed based on seven critical factors in the cryptocurrency exchange evaluation process. The main contribution of this study is generating new priority strategies to increase the performance of crypto exchanges with a novel decision-making methodology. “Perception of security,” “reputation,” and “commission rate” are found as the foremost factors in choosing an appropriate cryptocurrency exchange for investment. Further, the best score is achieved by Coinbase, followed by Binance. The solidity and flexibility of the methodology are also supported by sensitivity and comparative analyses. The findings may pave the way for investors to take appropriate actions without incurring high costs.
Redefining doubt in cases of uncertainty: an analysis of the 2023 US DoD Law of War Manual revision to the presumption of civilian status in armed conflict
Authors: van Coller Arthur 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe third edition of the United States (US) Department of Defense Law of War Manual, updated in December 2016 (2015 DoD Manual) states that “[u]nder customary international law, no legal presumption of civilian status exists for persons or objects”. The 2015 Manual received general support from military circles, but some experts believed that rejecting the customary international law (CIL) status of the presumption of civilian status in instances of doubt was an apparent mistake or important error. The 2023 US DoD Law of War Manual (2023 Manual) has now been promulgated with a revision to the doubt rule. Doubt regarding the character of persons or the nature of dedicated civilian objects results in a “presumption” of civilian status “unless the information available indicates that the persons or objects are military objectives”. The 2023 Manual attracted criticism, with some experts, especially those with military experience, arguing that it is counterproductive to incorporate exponentially legalistic or complex, nuanced judgements about status determinations, presumptions and the sufficiency of rebuttal evidence in practical matters such as targeting decisions. The article evaluates the substance and implications of the revision to the doubt rule in the 2023 Manual. The article further considers whether the doubt rule regarding the civilian character of persons and the nature of certain objects has acquired customary international humanitarian law status. Ultimately, the article concludes that is not realistic to include a presumption for application in targeting decisions due to the complexities of applying legalistic concepts during armed conflict.
Applicability of deep learning for blood pressure estimation during hemodialysis based on facial images
Authors: Oiwa Kosuke , Suzuki Satoshi , Maeda Yoshitaka , Jinnai Hikohiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Back ground
In hemodialysis, hypotension occurs due to dehydration and solute removal. Conventional blood pressure monitoring during dialysis is intermittent and relies on staff experience and intuition to predict patient blood pressure trends based on the amount of water removed on the day and previous trends, which requires hemodialysis operations that do not lead to hypotension. Our research group has attempted to estimate blood pressure based on the spatial features of facial visible images, including information on facial color, and facial infrared images, including information on skin temperature. It is expected to realize early detection of blood pressure decrease during treatment if the blood pressure of dialysis patients can be estimated from their facial visible and infrared images measured continuously and remotely. In this study, we verified the applicability of deep learning algorithms in blood pressure estimation based on facial visible and infrared images of hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Measured facial visible and infrared images and mean blood pressure (MBP) of hemodialysis patients were applied to a convolutional neural network to construct an MBP estimation model based on the spatial features of the facial images.

Results
Average blood pressure could be estimated with an error of less than 20 mmHg based on the spatial features of the facial images, and the blood pressure estimation accuracy based on the spatial features of the facial infrared images was higher than that of the facial visible images.

Conclusion
We found the possibility of applying the deep learning algorithm to blood pressure estimation based on the spatial features of facial images.
Trial registration This study is not subject to enrollment in a clinical trial due to the absence of both intervention and invasion. The Ethics Review Committee of Jichi Medical University has approved the same interpretation.
Insecticidal activity and possible modes of action of secondary metabolites of some fungal strains and wild plants as natural pesticides against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Abdullah Reda R. H. , Abd El-Wahab A. H. , Abd El-Salam Samira A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is an invasive and destructive pest to certain strategic crops, especially maize in Egypt. This research was conducted mainly to obtain secondary metabolites from some wild plants and fungal strains, use them in controlling FAW, and investigate their mode of action.

Results
The ethyl acetate extracts of Cladosporium cladosporioides and Verticillium lecanii, as well as the alkaloid extracts of Ricinus communis and Nicotiana glauca, were extracted to obtain their secondary metabolites. The secondary metabolite contents were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and NMR. The toxicity of all extracts against the 3rd-instar larvae of FAW was evaluated. The possible mode of action of the extracts was studied via their effects on larval enzyme activities and larval tissue. The toxicity results illustrated that, the extract of C. cladosporioides was more effective with LC50 229 ppm, followed by the extract of V. lecanii with LC50 341 ppm and N. glauca with LC50 404 ppm, while the least effective extract was R. communis with LC50 1110 ppm after 72 h of treatment. While, the results of larval enzyme activities showed that C. cladosporioides, V. lecanii, and R. communis extracts led to significant activity of AST, ALT, ACP, and ALP enzymes, but GST and AchE were inhibited in treated larvae compared with control. While N. glauca alkaloid extract caused significant inhibition of AST, ALT, ACP, AchE, and GST enzymes, ALP was activated in the treated larvae compared with control. The results of larval tissue slides indicated that the most affected tissues were the cuticle layer and the membrane lining of the midgut, in addition to the fatty bodies.

Conclusion
Thus, natural pesticides would have a promising role in terms of controlling the FAW and according to this study, it was recommended that, alkaloid extracts of tested wild plants and ethyl acetate extracts of fungal strains be used as natural pesticides to control the fall armyworm, S. frugiperda.
Understanding post-pandemic spatiotemporal differences in the recovery of metro travel behavior among different groups by considering the built environment
Authors: Peng Jiandong , Luo Xue , Guo Shiyi , Hu Yiwen , Dai Qi , Yang Hong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNumerous studies have substantiated the substantial impact of COVID-19 on metro travel, which is expected to gradually recover once the pandemic is controlled. Given the potentially more severe repercussions of COVID-19 on vulnerable groups like the elderly and people with disabilities, recovery patterns may differ significantly among various demographic segments. However, limited research has addressed this notable disparity. To address this gap, we collected metro travel data in Wuhan from March 2019 to April 2021. We analyzed changes in travel characteristics among different groups, such as the elderly, people with disabilities, commuters, school students, and others, before and after the pandemic. By employing interrupted time series analysis, we explored the short-term impact of the pandemic on different groups and their long-term recovery trajectories. We also investigated the factors influencing the recovery of metro travel among diverse demographic groups. The findings indicate the following: (1) All groups experienced a sharp decline in travel ridership and frequency in the short term due to the pandemic. (2) There are distinct variations in long-term ridership recovery among different groups, with commuters and school students showing the quickest recovery. However, ridership among people with disabilities remained below pre-pandemic levels even a year after the pandemic. (3) Given the inherent spatiotemporal regularity in residents’ daily activities, post-pandemic metro travel patterns closely align with the pre-pandemic patterns. (4) Different built environment factors exert varying degrees of influence on the recovery of metro ridership among different groups, and distinctions are evident between weekdays and weekends. These findings enhance our comprehension of the pandemic’s impact on diverse demographic groups, which can guide government agencies and urban planners in formulating more resilient strategies for rail transit operations and land use optimization.
Acute Exercise Increases GDF15 and Unfolded Protein Response/Integrated Stress Response in Muscle in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sabaratnam Rugivan , Kristensen Jonas M , Pedersen Andreas J T , Kruse Rikke , Handberg Aase , Wojtaszewski Jørgen F P , Højlund Kurt 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Regular exercise is a key prevention strategy for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Exerkines secreted in response to exercise or recovery may contribute to improved systemic metabolism. Conversely, an impaired exerkine response to exercise and recovery may contribute to cardiometabolic diseases.

Objective
We investigated if the exercise-induced regulation of the exerkine, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and its putative upstream regulators of the unfolded protein response (UPR)/integrated stress response (ISR) is impaired in skeletal muscle in patients with T2D compared with weight-matched glucose-tolerant men.

Methods
Thirteen male patients with T2D and 14 age- and weight-matched overweight/obese glucose-tolerant men exercised at 70% of VO2max for 1 hour. Blood and skeletal muscle biopsies were sampled before, immediately after, and 3 hours into recovery. Serum and muscle transcript levels of GDF15 and key markers of UPR/ISR were determined. Additionally, protein/phosphorylation levels of key regulators in UPR/ISR were investigated.

Results
Acute exercise increased muscle gene expression and serum GDF15 levels in both groups. In recovery, muscle expression of GDF15 decreased toward baseline, whereas serum GDF15 remained elevated. In both groups, acute exercise increased the expression of UPR/ISR markers, including ATF4, CHOP, EIF2K3 (encoding PERK), and PPP1R15A (encoding GADD34), of which only CHOP remained elevated 3 hours into recovery. Downstream molecules of the UPR/ISR including XBP1-U, XBP1-S, and EDEM1 were increased with exercise and 3 hours into recovery in both groups. The phosphorylation levels of eIF2α-Ser51, a common marker of unfolded protein response (UPR) and ISR, increased immediately after exercise in controls, but decreased 3 hours into recovery in both groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, exercise-induced regulation of GDF15 and key markers of UPR/ISR are not compromised in patients with T2D compared with weight-matched controls.
The Lipoprotein Profile Evaluated by 1H-NMR Improves the Performance of Genetic Testing in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Ibarretxe Daiana , Llop Dídac , Rodríguez-Borjabad Cèlia , Andreychuk Natalia , Plana Núria , Scicali Roberto , González-Lleó Ana , Amigó Núria , Girona Josefa , Masana Lluís 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) diagnosis is based on clinical and genetic criteria. A relevant proportion of FH patients fulfilling the criteria for definite FH have negative genetic testing. Increasing the identification of true genetic-based FH is a clinical challenge. Deepening the analysis of lipoprotein alterations could help increase the yield of genetic testing. We evaluated whether the number, size, and composition of lipoproteins assessed by 1H-NMR could increase the identification of FH patients with pathogenic gene variants.

Methods
We studied 294 clinically definite FH patients, 222 (75.5%) with positive genetic testing, as the discovery cohort. As an external validation cohort, we studied 88 children with FH, 72 (81%) with positive genetic testing. The advanced lipoprotein test based on 1H-NMR (Liposcale®) was performed at baseline after a lipid-lowering drug washout of at least 6 weeks. The association of variables with genetic variants was evaluated by random forest and logistic regression. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated. A predictive formula was developed and applied to the validation cohort.

Results
A formula derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lipoprotein analyses improved the identification of genetically positive FH patients beyond low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels (AUC = 0.87). The parameters contributing the most to the identification formula were LDL particle number, high-density lipoprotein size, and remnant cholesterol. The formula also increases the classification of FH children with a pathogenic genetic variation.

Conclusion
NMR lipoprotein profile analysis identifies differences beyond standard lipid parameters that help identify FH with a positive pathogenic gene variant, increasing the yield of genetic testing in FH patients.
FGF21 Induces Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Increases Amino Acids in Female Mice: A Potential Role for Glucocorticoids
Authors: Larson Karlton R , Jayakrishnan Devi , Soto Sauza Karla A , Goodson Michael L , Chaffin Aki T , Davidyan Arik , Pathak Suraj , Fang Yanbin , Gonzalez Magaña Diego , Miller Benjamin F , Ryan Karen K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an intercellular signaling molecule secreted by metabolic organs, including skeletal muscle, in response to intracellular stress. FGF21 crosses the blood–brain barrier and acts via the nervous system to coordinate aspects of the adaptive starvation response, including increased lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Given its beneficial effects for hepatic lipid metabolism, pharmaceutical FGF21 analogues are used in clinical trials treatment of fatty liver disease. We predicted pharmacologic treatment with FGF21 increases HPA axis activity and skeletal muscle glucocorticoid signaling and induces skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. Here we found a short course of systemic FGF21 treatment decreased muscle protein synthesis and reduced tibialis anterior weight; this was driven primarily by its effect in female mice. Similarly, intracerebroventricular FGF21 reduced tibialis anterior muscle fiber cross-sectional area; this was more apparent among female mice than male littermates. In agreement with the reduced muscle mass, the topmost enriched metabolic pathways in plasma collected from FGF21-treated females were related to amino acid metabolism, and the relative abundance of plasma proteinogenic amino acids was increased up to 3-fold. FGF21 treatment increased hypothalamic Crh mRNA, plasma corticosterone, and adrenal weight, and increased expression of glucocorticoid receptor target genes known to reduce muscle protein synthesis and/or promote degradation. Given the proposed use of FGF21 analogues for the treatment of metabolic disease, the study is both physiologically relevant and may have important clinical implications.