bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism
Authors: Zhou Miao , Ma Jie , Kang Meng , Tang Wenjie , Xia Siting , Yin Jie , Yin Yulong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFlavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
Optimizing carbon capture efficiency with direct capturing and amine: Insights from exegetic analysis
Authors: Majnoon Ali , Moosavian Seyed Farhan , Hajinezhad Ahmad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith climate change concerns on the rise, finding efficient and sustainable ways to separate carbon dioxide from industrial gas mixtures has become increasingly important. Membrane‐based gas separation technologies offer a promising solution due to their low energy consumption, low emissions, and ease of operation. In this study, we dug deep into theoretical energy consumption and practical optimization strategies for CO2 separation using such technologies. Our results showed that CO2 separation can be achieved with relatively low specific energy consumption, ranging from 0.09 to 0.27 MJe/kg CO2, depending on feed CO2 concentration. By conducting process simulations, we determined the optimal feed gas pressure and membrane surface area required to achieve a CO2 absorption ratio of 90% (mol). We also analyzed the effects of CO2 permeation and selectivity on energy consumption and membrane area, revealing that increasing both can significantly reduce energy consumption, albeit with more membrane surface area required. Using seepage flow circulation was found to be a particularly effective way to improve feed CO2 concentration and reduce energy consumption. To optimize and improve the capturing process, we conducted exergy analysis in each of the five stages of optimization, reporting Cooling Utilities (MW), Heating Utilities (MW), and Total Utilities (MW) for each step. Our results showed that in the optimal mode, Total Utilities (MW) were reported as 228.1, highlighting the potential of membrane‐based CO2 separation for carbon capture and storage applications. This study provides valuable insights and practical strategies for achieving efficient and sustainable CO2 separation.
Cereal sprout‐based food products: Industrial application, novel extraction, consumer acceptance, antioxidant potential, sensory evaluation, and health perspective
Authors: Maqbool Zahra , Khalid Waseem , Mahum  , Khan Anosha , Azmat Maliha , Sehrish Aqeela , Zia Sania , Koraqi Hyrije , AL‐Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal , Khan Khalid Ali 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCereal grains are a good source of macronutrients and micronutrients that are required for metabolic activity in the human body. Sprouts have been studied to enhance the nutrient profile. Moreover, secondary metabolites are examined as green food engineering technology that is used in the pharmaceutical, functional ingredients, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. The sprout‐based food is commonly used to enhance the quality of products by softening the structure of the whole grain and increasing the phytochemicals (nutritional value and bioactive compounds). These sprouting grains can be added to a variety of products including snacks, bakery, beverage, and meat. Consuming whole grains has been shown to reduce the incidence and mortality of a variety of chronic and noncommunicable diseases. Sprouting grains have a diversity of biological functions, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Cereal sprout‐based products are more beneficial in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal tract diseases. The novel extraction techniques (microwave‐existed extraction, pulse electric field, and enzyme‐associated) are applied to maintain and ensure the efficiency, safety, and nutritional profile of sprout. Nutrient‐dense sprouts have a low environmental impact and are widely accepted by consumers. This review explores for the first time and sheds light on the antioxidant potential, sensory evaluation, industrial applications, and health perspective of cereal sprout‐based food products.
When Mistakes Multiply: How Inadequate Responses to Medical Mishaps Erode Trust in American Medicine
Authors: Schlesinger Mark , Grob Rachel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this essay, we explore consequences of the systemic failure to track and to publicize the prevalence of patient‐safety threats in American medicine. Tens of millions of Americans lose trust in medical care every year due to safety shortfalls. Because this loss of trust is long‐lasting, the corrosive effects build up over time, yielding a collective maelstrom of mistrust among the American public. Yet no one seems to notice that patient safety is a root cause, because no one is counting. In addition to identifying the origins of this purblindness, we offer an alternative policy approach. This would call for government to transparently track safety threats through the systematic collection and reporting of patients’ experiences. This alternative strategy offers real promise for stemming the erosion of trust that currently accompanies patient‐safety shortfalls while staying consistent with Americans’ preferences for a constrained government role with respect to medical care.
“You have to trust yourself”: The Overlooked Role of Self‐Trust in Coping with Chronic Illness
Authors: Grob Rachel , Van Gorp Stacy , Evered Jane Alice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSelf‐trust is essential to the well‐being of people with chronic illnesses and those who care for them. In this exploratory essay, we draw on a trove of health narratives to catalyze examination of this important but often overlooked topic. We explore how self‐trust is impeded at both personal and structural levels, how it can best be nourished, and how it is related to self‐advocacy. Because people's ability to trust themselves is intrinsically linked to the trust others have in them, we pay particular attention to the role that allies such as clinical professionals play in the development of self‐trust, highlighting the importance of eliciting patient narratives, of curious listening, and of compassionately raising questions. We also contrast the self‐trust paradigm with that of self‐management, which tends to replace the former's attention to patients’ experiences, abilities, qualities, or judgments with a professionally dominated discourse dedicated to addressing illness through behavior changes prescribed by clinicians. We close with a call to action, exhorting readers to focus on supporting self‐trust in health care settings and on creative research in this critical yet heretofore underrepresented domain.
What Patient‐Experience Data Reveal about Trust
Authors: Lee Thomas H. , Guney Senem , Mylod Deirdre E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis essay analyzes two types of patient‐experience data to broaden and deepen understanding of trust in health care. Analysis of patients’ open‐ended comments shows a close connection between patients’ feelings of trust and their intent to recommend providers and provider organizations—a global measure to evaluate patients’ perceptions of care experiences. Patients’ comments also reveal the bidirectional building of trust between the patient and the caregiver. Trust gets built when patients perceive their caregivers to trust their knowledge of their bodies as well as when caregivers demonstrate caring behaviors that earn the patients’ trust. Patients’ ratings of a closed‐ended survey item on “confidence in provider” create the greatest differentiation for the global measure of patient experience—whether patients did or did not recommend a practice or provider. The essay also discusses related findings on pre‐visit friction and the use of humor by the caregiver to expand understanding of trust.
When Artists Go to Work: On the Ethics of Engaging the Arts in Public Health
Authors: Smith Patrick T. , Sonke Jill K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCollaboration between the arts and health sectors is gaining momentum. Artists are contributing significantly to public health efforts such as vaccine confidence campaigns. Artists and the arts are well positioned to contribute to the social conditions needed to build trust in the health sector. Health professionals, organizations, and institutions should recognize not only the power that can be derived from the insights, artefacts, and expertise of artists and the arts to create the conditions that make trust possible. The health sector must also recognize that, while it can gain much from partnership with artists, artists risk much—namely, the public's trust—when they are in such partnerships. This essay unpacks these claims and considers the care and ethical considerations that must be brought to these partnerships to yield constructive pathways for ethical collaboration as well as for both establishing public trust and continuing to hold the health care profession accountable for becoming more trustworthy.
Proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer: A systematic review of clinical evidence
Authors: Chua Alethea Dasha Wenning , Thaarun Thirumeninathan , Yang Hui , Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsNonsmall cell lung cancer accounts for over 85% of lung cancer incidences worldwide, and often has a poor prognosis. Proteasome inhibitors, such as bortezomib, have previously demonstrated evidence in preclinical and clinical models in the treatment of NSCLC both alone and as part of chemotherapeutic regimens.MethodsFive databases were searched from inception to February 2023 to identify published clinical trial data and ongoing clinical trials on the use of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of NSCLC with a comprehensive search strategy.ResultsThis review examines the clinical evidence from 21 completed and published phase I and II trials studying the use of bortezomib monotherapy and combination therapy in the treatment of NSCLC. Bortezomib/docetaxel combination resulted in longer median time‐to‐progression (TTP), median duration of response, median duration of disease control and median progression‐free survival (PFS) than bortezomib monotherapy, with concurrent administration having greater 6‐month PFS and median overall survival (OS) than sequential administration. Bortezomib/vorinostat with chemotherapy was well tolerated and effective. Bortezomib/gemcitabine/carboplatin, bortezomib/bevacizumab/carboplatin and bortezomib/paclitaxel/carboplatin combinations showed promising results and were of further investigational value.ConclusionBortezomib showed some clinical promise in combination therapy but not monotherapy. It also demonstrated a manageable side effect profile. Combination regimens are of further investigation value in Phase II trials.
Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with severe maternal outcomes in eastern Ethiopia: Results from the Ethiopian Obstetric Surveillance System study
Authors: Tura Abera Kenay , Knight Marian , Girma Sagni , Ahmed Redwan , Yuya Mohammed , Bekele Delayehu , Hassen Tahir Ahmed , Stekelenburg Jelle , van den Akker Thomas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to identify facility‐based incidence of severe obstetric complications through a newly established obstetric surveillance system in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsMonthly registration of obstetric hemorrhage, eclampsia, uterine rupture, severe anemia and sepsis was introduced in 13 maternity units in eastern Ethiopia. At each hospital, a designated clinician reported details of women admitted during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy from April 01, 2021 to March 31, 2022 developing any of these conditions. Detailed data on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric complications and status at discharge were collected by trained research assistants.ResultsAmong 38 782 maternities during the study period, 2043 (5.3%) women had any of the five conditions. Seventy women died, representing a case fatality rate of 3.4%. The three leading reasons for admission were obstetric hemorrhage (972; 47.6%), severe anemia (727; 35.6%), and eclampsia (438; 21.4%). The majority of the maternal deaths were from obstetric hemorrhage (27/70; 38.6%) followed by eclampsia (17/70; 24.3%).ConclusionObstetric hemorrhage, severe anemia and eclampsia were the leading causes of severe obstetric complications in eastern Ethiopia. Almost one in 29 women admitted with obstetric complications died. Audit of quality of care is indicated to design tailored interventions to improve maternal survival and obstetric complications.
An ion‐percolating electrolyte membrane for ultrahigh efficient and dendrite‐free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Xu Yu‐Ting , Dai Sheng‐Jia , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Guo Yu‐Guo , Zeng Xian‐Xiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of lithium (Li) metal batteries has been severely limited by the formation of lithium dendrites and the associated catastrophic failure and inferior Coulombic efficiency which caused by non‐uniform or insufficient Li+ supply across the electrode–electrolyte interface. Therefore, a rational strategy is to construct a robust electrolyte that can allow efficient and uniform Li+ transport to ensure sufficient Li+ supply and homogenize the Li plating/stripping. Herein, we report an ion‐percolating electrolyte membrane that acts as a stable Li+ reservoir to ensure a near‐single Li+ transference number (0.78) and homogenizes Li+ migration to eradicate dendrite growth, endowing Li//LFP cell with an ultrahigh average Coulombic efficiency (ca. 99.97%) after cycling for nearly half of a year and superior cycling stability when pairing with LiCoO2 with limited Li amount and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2. These estimable attributes demonstrate significant potential of utility value for the ion‐percolating electrolyte.image
Objective evaluation of tooth carving using homologous models
Authors: Oki Meiko , Nakayama Mirai , Tsuchida Yumi , Kamijo Shingo , Aoki Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectivesTooth carvings are evaluated subjectively. However, subjective evaluations are associated with low intra‐ and inter‐evaluator reliability in providing feedback for the fabrication of better tooth carvings. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between subjective evaluation and the morphological characteristics of tooth carvings and their morphological characteristics using the feedback method in the low‐scoring group.MethodsBetween April 2013 and September 2021, 120 maxillary left first molar carvings fabricated by undergraduate students were subjectively evaluated by an experienced instructor using a five‐point scale. The tooth carvings were scanned to obtain three‐dimensional shape data and divided into two groups, the high‐ and low‐scoring groups, for principal component analysis. Homologous models with dimensions matching those of the average model were created, and principal component analysis was performed to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the tooth.ResultsPrincipal component analysis indicated that an objective evaluation was possible using homologous model. On increasing the subjective evaluation, the occlusal inclination angle and the cervical region of the tooth became steeper, and the shape of the occlusal surface resembled a parallelogram. In addition, large morphological differences were observed in the position of the cervical region of the tooth, height of contour, and shape of the occlusal surface in the low‐scoring group, whereas no such difference was observed in the high‐scoring group.ConclusionObjective evaluation of tooth carving was possible using homologous model. The evaluation of tooth morphological characteristics could be effective in providing feedback to undergraduate students.
Post‐lumbar puncture cerebral vein thrombosis
Authors: Marasco Vincenzo , Gianniello Francesca , Paolucci Aldo , Martinelli Ida , Capecchi Marco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLumbar puncture (LP) is rarely complicated by cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT), especially if other risk factors coexist. We describe the case of a 28‐year‐old woman who developed CVT after corticosteroid treatment and LP performed for suspected multiple sclerosis. The day after LP, she developed intense headache and on Day 8 generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. A brain computed tomography scan showed thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus and cortical veins. Thrombophilia screening showed heterozygous G20210A prothrombin mutation. Anticoagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin and then warfarin was administered until Day 16 after LP, when a brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a subdural hematoma. Warfarin was interrupted and dabigatran was started. The patient recovered completely, both from the initial thrombotic event and the hemorrhagic complication. This case highlights the importance to keep in mind CVT in the differential diagnosis of post‐LP headache not responsive to standard therapy, and suggests that dabigatran can be considered an effective and safe treatment of CVT.
Indigenous communities and sustainable development: A review and research agenda
Authors: Bansal Sanchita , Sarker Tapan , Yadav Anshita , Garg Isha , Gupta Mansi , Sarvaiya Harsha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article examines the role of indigenous communities in promoting social change and accomplishing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using an integrative review, we offer an unbiased assessment of indigenous communities and SDGs. We contend that indigenous communities’ contribution to SDGs enhances technological innovations (via top‐down or bottom‐up approaches) and fosters social change. Our study identifies six themes: economy, ecology, livelihood, socio‐demographic factors, sustainable development, and politics, policies, and partnerships. For each theme and SDG, we pinpoint research gaps and propose potential directions. Given the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, joint initiatives to empower indigenous people, preserve their rights, and include them in decision‐making processes are critical. This study emphasizes the significance of using and strategizing indigenous knowledge in the face of environmental and other changes, thus advancing indigenous management theory. The article concludes by offering theoretical, practical, and policy implications for researchers, entrepreneurs, and the government.
Mitigating the adverse effects of AI with the European Union's artificial intelligence act: Hype or hope?
Authors: Wörsdörfer Manuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn light of the rise of generative AI and recent debates about the socio‐political implications of large‐language models, chatbots, and the like, this paper analyzes the E.U.’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA), the world's first comprehensive attempt by a government body to address and mitigate the potentially negative impacts of AI technologies. The paper critically analyzes the AIA from a business and computer ethics point of view—a perspective currently lacking in the academic (e.g., GBOE‐related) literature. It evaluates, in particular, the AIA's strengths and weaknesses and proposes reform measures that could help to strengthen the AIA. Among the AIA's strengths are its legally binding character, extra‐territoriality, ability to address data quality and discrimination risks, and institutional innovations such as the AI Board and publicly accessible logs and database for AI systems. Among its main weaknesses are its lack of effective enforcement, oversight, and control, absence of procedural rights and remedy mechanisms, inadequate worker protection, institutional ambiguities, insufficient funding and staffing, and inadequate consideration of sustainability issues. Reform suggestions include establishing independent conformity assessment procedures, strengthening democratic accountability and judicial oversight, introducing redress and complaint mechanisms, ensuring the participation and inclusion of workers, guaranteeing political independence of the AI Board, providing enhanced funding and staffing of market surveillance authorities, and mandating “green AI.”
Identification and classification of chill‐damaged versus sound kiwifruit using Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Samanali Garagoda Arachchige P. , Burritt David J. , Burdon Jeremy N. , Kerr Chelsea , Fraser‐Miller Sara J. , Gordon Keith C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe early detection of fruit disorders is crucial to maintaining a consistent, high‐quality kiwifruit product. Chilling injury is a physiological disorder found in kiwifruit that can be challenging to identify until it reaches a severe stage or the fruit is cut and opened. Considering this, Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was investigated for sound and chill‐damaged ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit. We carried out spectral analysis on fruit harvested in 2018 and 2019. Damaged and sound fruit samples were separated based on spectral signatures from phenyl propanoids and sugars. Furthermore, the 2018 fruit sample set was used to construct, validate, and test models using support vector machine, principal component analysis–linear discriminant analysis, and partial least squares–discriminant analysis. Additionally, the robustness of the model was assessed using the 2019 fruit sample set considering test set accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Support vector machine models were developed and resulted in a 93% accuracy, 85% sensitivity, and 100% specificity to differentiate the test set fruit (2018 season). Principal component analysis–linear discriminant analysis models and partial least squares–discriminant analysis model built with the same data set gave >83% and 93% test accuracy, respectively. Models showed robustness with samples from the 2019 season. This study provides insights into the potential of using Raman spectroscopy for identifying chilling injury in kiwifruit.
Generalizing some key results from “alternative weighting schemes when performing matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons”
Authors: Zhang Landan , Jackson Dan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA recent paper proposed an alternative weighting scheme when performing matching‐adjusted indirect comparisons. This alternative approach follows the conventional one in matching the covariate means across two studies but differs in that it maximizes the effective sample size when doing so. The appendix of this paper showed, assuming there is one covariate and negative weights are permitted, that the resulting weights are linear in the covariates. This explains how the alternative method achieves a larger effective sample size and results in a metric that quantifies the difficulty of matching on particular covariates. We explain how these key results generalize to the case where there are multiple covariates, giving rise to a new metric that can be used to quantify the impact of matching on multiple covariates.