bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Work and Knowledge-Intensive Firms
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The book addresses the concept of knowledge in a work and organizational context, professional or knowledge work, and knowledge-intensive firms. It provides a critical, moderate social constructivist understanding of these themes and the current interest in knowledge management, organization and the "knowledge economy". Professional service as well as science and high-tech work and firms are treated, reporting case studies of IT and management consultancy firms, advertising agencies and life science based companies. The concepts of knowledge and knowledge management are discussed and dominant functionalist thinking debunked. The ambiguity of knowledge in the input, process and output of professional work is emphasized. It is suggested that we should be careful in assuming too much about the nature, role and effects of "knowledge" in business life and instead take the constructed nature of knowledge seriously and scrutinize knowledge claims. Knowledge talk and claims may frequently be key elements in marketing and identity work as much as they inform us about key activities of professionals and knowledge-intensive firms. The book covers a fairly broad set of management, organization and working life aspects are addressed, including HRM themes and different forms of control including client control and regulation of identity. From a perspective emphasizing the ambiguity of social and business life, rhetoric, symbolism, image, politics of knowledge claims, identity and identity work are viewed as crucial for the understanding and management of professional/knowledge work and organizations. The book is provocative and challenges key assumptions in dominant knowledge and organization thinking, suggesting a novel theoretical approach. The book is intended for third year level undergraduates upwards, and aims to say things also of relevance for scholars. It mixes textbook and research ambitions. As a (moderately) constructivist text with a relatively broad focus, the book may have some potential as a text complementing more conventional textbooks also in general organization and management courses.
Image and Rhetoric
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE expectation that objective reality speaks for itself may make sense in situations that are very simple and clear. In contemporary business and working life these circumstances seldom are. In knowledge-intensive contexts, in particular in service work, man agers and workers must devote attention, energy, and skills to dealing with how to present their knowledge, work, and organization and produce positive expectations and assessments of themselves and their work results. This is very much a matter of the management of expectations. Themes like image, rhetoric, and symbolism become significant. The idea that ‘corporate brands’ can increase the company’s visibility, recognition, and reputation in ways not fully appreciated by product brand thinking has become increasingly popular (Hatch and Schultz 2003). I am not convinced that the terms ‘corporate brand’ and ‘branding’ differ very much from ‘corporate image’ and ‘image management’, and will favour the latter pair of terms.
Human Resource Management and Personnel Concepts
Authors: Alvesson Mats 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
PERHAPS more than anything else, KIFs stand out from most other organizations because of the extreme significance they place on the quality and motivation of their personnel. Some KIFs in the R&D sector are relatively capital-intensive, and many PSFs are heavily dependent on their image (corporate brand) or the net work relationships they have developed, in particular around the client portfolio. This does not prevent personnel issues from being the most significant factor. Consequently, personnel issues call for careful attention. I have touched upon this theme in several chapters, but now is the time to focus on it more systematically. In this chapter I try to look somewhat deeper than usual and draw attention to what are referred to as the personnel concepts of organizations. This provides the starting point for human resource management (HRM) strategies, and is based on a more or less organization-specific understanding of the proto typical organizational member that one aspires to recruit, retain, and motivate.
Introduction
Authors: Manning Roger B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
War was not regarded as pathological or abnormal before 1914, but was viewed as an ‘acceptable’ and usual way of settling international disputes. In late-medieval and early modern Europe, war was a way of life and an integral part of aristocratic culture. As such it required little justification and was endemic throughout mainland Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.1 During the period of time examined in this volume, from 1585 (the date of the official English intervention in the Spanish-Dutch or Eighty Years War) until 1702 (the death of William III), a war was going on somewhere in Europe for all but a little more than three years.
Swordsmen, Gownsmen, and Courtiers
Authors: Manning Roger B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The English antiquarian and legal scholar John Selden reminded his readers that noble status originally derived from the martial exploits of a warrior class. Kings came to recognize this nobility, and, although in more recent times they also conferred noble status on men of the long robe, Selden insisted that military men had a special quality that the king could not confer. The king could create peers, but he lacked the power to make a gentleman. Moreover, by licensing peers, knights, and esquires to display coats of arms with military insignia, the monarch put the recipient on notice that ‘being a gentleman, he is supposed also to either be a soldier or ready upon occasion to be one …’&gt;
Gentlemen Volunteers : The Military Education of the Aristocracy
Authors: Manning Roger B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The earl of Essex, perceiving how little he was beholding to Venus, is now resolved to address himself to the court of Mars, and to this purpose he descendeth into the Netherlands, which at that time was the school of war for the nobility of England in their exercise of arms. There he had no sooner arrived but with magnificent joy he was entertained by Grave Maurice who saw both in his carriage and his courage the lively image of his father. He at first trailed a pike and refused no service in the field, which every gentleman is accustomed to perform. This did much endear him to his soldiers…. In early modern Europe, military academies were few in number and often short-lived. Their function was mostly limited to teaching swordsmanship, equitation, and dancing as well as keeping gentlemen thugs off the streets.
Introduction Language Rights and Political Theory: Context, Issues, and Approaches
Authors: Patten Alan , Kymlicka Will 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Political theory in the last decade has been awash with discussions of cultural diversity and ethnic, racial, and religious pluralism, with books exploring ‘the ethos of pluralization’, ‘strange multiplicity’, and ‘the politics of recognition’. Yet there is one form of diversity which has received relatively little attention from political theorists: linguistic diversity. To our knowledge, there has not been a single monograph or edited volume which examines the issue of language rights from the perspective of normative political theory.
Evidentials and their meanings
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Source of information is the semantic core of any evidential. The basic semantic parameters of evidentials across the world were summarized in Table 2.1. Individual terms in evidentiality systems may acquire various semantic extensions, including attitude to information, its probability, a speaker’s certainty of the truthfulness of their statement, and their responsibility for it. That is, evidentiality may come semantically close to modalities of varied sorts-but on its periphery, not in its core. This is why it is misleading (pace Willett 1988) to classify evidentials on a par with expressions of possibility and probability (so called ‘epistemic’ modalities):Which evidentials acquire such an extension depends on the system they occur in. A non-visual, a non¬ firsthand, and an inferred evidential may each be used to describe something one does not really believe. A reported evidential may acquire overtones of doubt, but does not have to. A visual evidential can relate generally known facts and things one is sure of. But this is not the case in every system. An additional semantic extension found with some evidentials relates to new, unusual, and surprising information (‘mirative’); see Chapter 6.
Exhaustion Of Trade Mark Rights
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Little Johnny clutched his pocket money in his hand as he surveyed the tempting shelves. Today was pocket-money day. Brow furrowed, he scanned the counter, stacked high with packages of sweets and neat rows of chocolate bars. What would it be this week, he pondered, the snickers or the mars bar? Having survived a tough time on the streets and an even tougher time in the school playground, Johnny’s decision was not long in coming. He needed strength and fortiflcation.
Identical And Similar Marks, Goods And Services
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This story, if a little far-fetched, illustrates some of the realities of trade in trade mark-protected goods and services. Since the Real Madrid football club is the proprietor of the word mark real madrid in respect of a range of football supporters’ accessories such as scarves, that club would naturally wish to prevent the use of that mark on the same goods as those for which it had secured registration.
Tr Ade Marks In Court
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘So there’s not much point in me suing him in the first place.’ Maude was flushed with triumph and the warm realization that she had finally learned to think like a lawyer, or at least like Cyril whose forensic skills seemed to her to match his dreadful dress sense. And then a further thought troubled her newly gained tranquillity: one of the worst side-effects of an economic downturn was that one couldn’t be more fussy about one’s choice of law firm.
Choosing A Trade Mark
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1997 Tom Stoppard published a play called The Invention of Love. This play focuses on the life of the poet and classicist A E Housman and his relationship with various celebrities of his age including John Ruskin, Oscar Wilde, Walter Pater and Benjamin Jowett. It was not widely known that, after leaving Oxford without a degree, Housman spent some time working as a trade mark examiner in the UK Patent Office.
Review of Statistics
Authors: Heij Christiaan , Boer Paul de , Franses Philip Hans , Kloek Teun , Dijk Herman K van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A first step in the econometric analysis of economic data is to get an idea of the general pattern of the data. Graphs and sample statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and correlation are helpful tools. In general, economic data are partly systematic and partly random.
Time Series and Dynamic Models
Authors: Heij Christiaan , Boer Paul de , Franses Philip Hans , Kloek Teun , Dijk Herman K van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter treats the modelling of variables that are observed sequentially over time. The main focus is on univariate time series models for a single economic variable, but we also discuss regression models with lags and multivariate time series models.
Understanding Innovation
Authors: Dodgson Mark , Gann David , Salter Ammon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction The importance of innovation is well known, yet in many ways &lt; innovation’ itself needs to be better understood. In part this results from terminological confusion. Innovation is sometimes confused with invention: the creation of a new idea and its reduction to practice. The definition of innovation as the successful exploitation of new ideas involves much more than the creation of ideas and includes the ways in which they are developed, diffused, and exploited. Innovation is at once an outcome, a new product, process, or service, and a process of organizational and managerial combinations and decisions; the two cannot be treated synonymously. An innovation, by definition, is successful (although this may be limited or short-lived, and bearing in mind the discussion in Chapter 1 about the ambiguity surrounding definitions of success and failure). Any innovation process, in contrast, can fail to support the successful exploitation of new ideas.
Managing Diversity 1965–1973
Authors: Jones Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Decision-making at Unilever was a complex affair. This was hardly surprising given that it consisted of two parent companies in two countries with two chair- men and two head offices, that it operated in so many industries, and that it had grown through numerous mergers and acquisitions. George Cole (created Lord Cole in 1965), the chairman of Unilever Ltd, compared the company to a fleet of ships in a newspaper interview in 1963. ‘Firms ‘, he told his interviewer, ‘are often compared to ships. Well, Unilever is not a ship, it is a fleet—several different fleets, several hundred subsidiary companies—and the ships many different sizes, doing all kinds of different things, all over the place. ‘.
New and Old Worlds, 1974–1983
Authors: Jones Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unilever faced a dramatic deterioration in the world economy after 1973. Inflation soared, and there was a major world recession. At the end of the decade a second oil price shock was followed by another major recession. The era of economic miracles gave way to one of cyclical volatility. In many emerging markets, the political environment for large foreign firms also deteriorated sharply, as governments sought to restrict or control their operations. This harsh external environment was difficult for all firms, but Unilever’s wide span of businesses posed an almost unique managerial challenge, especially as its organizational culture con- strained the prioritization of resource allocation.
Corporate Image and Voice
Authors: Jones Geoffrey 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the 1960s a large corporation such as Unilever could no longer function as an enclosed world which existed solely to sell its goods and services in the market place. As the era of wartime austerity gave way to rising incomes, governments, consumers, and others began to take a more critical look at the strategies of big business. Governments passed an increasing number of laws and regulations which affected the way firms could operate. US-style anti-trust laws began to find their way into the legislation of European countries. The impact of multinational firms operating across borders became an object of growing concern, and also of criticism, especially as many people in former colonial countries sought reasons for their poverty compared to the industrialized West. As the structure of corporate share- holding moved from individuals to institutions, the financial community also began to demand more information about the strategy of firms.
Breaches in the Boardroom: Organizational Identity and Conflicts of Commitment in a Nonprofit Organization
Authors: Golden-Biddle Karen , Rao Hayagreeva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the publication of Berle and Means’s (1932) classic thesis on the separation of ownership from management in large organizations, students of corporate governance have grappled with the problem of how to reduce potential conflicts of interest between shareholders and managers (Fligstein and Freeland 1995; Useem 1996). Agency theory, the dominant approach to research on corporate governance, holds that the separation of ownership from management constitutes an efficient division of labor. 14
Normative stakeholder theorizing
Authors: Friedman Andrew L , Miles Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Normative stakeholder theory is popularly considered to be the heart or core of stakeholder theory. However, there are considerable problems with this.1 The very definition of normative theory is contested. Normative can refer to: The norms or standard practices of society as it exists. The way one would live in an ideal ‘good’ society. What we ought to do, either in order to achieve a good society or unconnected with any notion of the ‘good’.
The Small Adjective Class in Jarawara
Authors: Dixon R M W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jarawara has a small closed class of adjectives, for which fourteen members are attested. The adjectives are non-verb-like, functioning as modifier within an NP and as copula complement They show some similarities with inalienably possessed nouns in that both can function as modifier within an NP. However, there are a number of dear criteria for distinguishing between the classes (for example, a possessed noun cannot, on its own, function as copula complement). there is also some superficial similarity between adjectives and the nominalized forms of verbs but, when examined in detail, these too can be distinguished.
The Distinction Between Movable and Immovable Property
Authors: Carruthers Janeen M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The law of property is concerned with the creation, acquisition, disposal, transmission, and extinction of rights in, and over, particular objects of property. Where questions of private international law arise in conjunction with a property issue, the character of the property in question (and of interests therein),1 the nature of the particular transaction,2 and the precise description of the property rights involved can be rather clouded.3
Human Rights Responsibilities of Businesses as Non-State Actors
Authors: Weissbrodt David , Kruger Muria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 2003 the UN Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights approved the ‘Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights’ (‘Norms’) in its resolution 2003/16. The Norms represent a landmark step in holding businesses accountable for their human rights abuses and provide a succinct, but comprehensive restatement of the international legal principles applicable to businesses with regard to human rights, humanitarian law, international labour law, environmental law, consumer law, anti-corruption law, etc.
The Responsibility of the Management and of the Board and Its Enforcement
Authors: Fleischer Holger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘The directors of such companies, however, being the managers rather of other people’s money than of their own, it cannot well be expected that they should watch over it with the same anxious vigilance with which the partners in a private company frequently watch over their own. Like the stewards of a rich man, they are apt to consider attention to small matters as not for their master’s honour, and very easily give themselves a dispensation from having it. Negligence and profusion, therefore, must always prevail more or less, in the management of the officers of such a company’.
Mandatory Bids, Squeeze-Outs and Similar Transactions
Authors: Burkart Mike , Panunzi Fausto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The European Commission’s draft directive proposes to introduce a squeeze-out right and a sell-out right and to set the price in a mandatory bid equal to the highest price paid in the 6 or 12 preceding months. Drawing on the existing literature, this paper analyses these three new provisions. In takeovers of widely held targets, the squeeze-out right and the sell-out right have the potential to resolve the collective action problem among shareholders, thereby ensuring the success of value increasing takeovers and the failure of value-decreasing takeovers. Unlike the sell out right, the mandatory bid rule requires competition by the incumbent to provide additional shareholder protection. In firms with a dominant shareholder, the mandatory bid rule eliminates inefficient control transfers at the cost of discouraging more efficient control transfers.
Telecommunications, Intellectual Property, And Standards
Authors: Cunningham Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to explore some of the issues surrounding the intersection of technical standards in telecommunications and intellectual property (IP) in telecommunications. The central conceptual controversy between the two is quite simple. Both standards and IP are important to the telecommunications industry. Standards are required in order to produce certain technological, social, and economic benefits; IP rights are also required in order to produce other technological, social, and economic benefits.
Communications Privacy
Authors: Millard Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The jurisprudence of privacy has a fragmented history. Privacy, as a distinct legal concept, probably has its origins in an essay published in the Harvard Law Review in 1890. In ‘ The Right to Privacy’,1 Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis reviewed the long history of protection under the English common law for various individual liberties and private property, and extrapolated a general ‘ right to privacy’. Ironic- ally, more than a century later, the US still does not have a privacy law with general application to the private sector.
The International Regulatory Regime
Authors: Walden Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Telecommunications is an inherently transnational technology. As such, the development of telecommunications has always required substantial cooperation and agreement between nation states. Cooperation can be seen at a number of different levels, including the need for adherence to certain standards, both technical and operational. Historically, the need for on-going cooperation between states has meant the establishment of intergovernmental organizations, of which the Inter- national Telecommunication Union (ITU) lays claim to the oldest pedigree. These intergovernmental institutions have been responsible for laying down much of the framework that comprises international telecommunications law and regulation.
A Brief History of Computational Morphology
Authors: Roark Brian , Sproat Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Automatic morphological analysis dates back to the earliest work in computational linguistics on Machine Translation during the 1950s (Andron, 1962; Woyna, 1962; Bernard-Georges et al., 1962; Boussard and Berthaud, 1965; Vauquois, 1965; Schveiger and Mathe, 1965; Matthews, 1966; Brand et al., 1969; Hutchins, 2001). There have been many applications over the years including the Porter stemmer (Porter, 1980) heavily used in information retrieval applications (Dolby et al., 1965; Attar et al., 1978; Choueka, 1983; Büttel et al., 1986; Meya-Lloport, 1987; Choueka, 1990; Koskenniemi, 1984), spelling correction (McIlroy, 1982; Hankamer, 1986), text input systems (Becker, 1984; Abe et al., 1986), and morphological analysis for text-to-speech synthesis (Allen et al., 1987; Church, 1986; Coker et al., 1990). Many of these earlier applications used quite ad hoc approaches including hard-coding much of the linguistic information into the system. For example, in the system reported in Coker et al. (1990), a lot of the morphological analysis is mediated by tables coded as C header files and spelling-change rules written as C functions.
Enriched Context-free Approaches to Syntax
Authors: Roark Brian , Sproat Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Syntactic disambiguation often depends on information that goes beyond what syntacticians typically consider, such as semantic and pragmatic considerations. For example, consider the following two prepositional phrase (PP) attachment ambiguities:
(1) Sandy ate a salad with a fork
(2) Sandy ate a salad with a vinaigrette