bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal Time Effects on Substorm Growth Phases and Onsets
Authors: Lockwood M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUniversal Time (UT) variations in many magnetospheric state indicators and indices have recently been reviewed by Lockwood and Milan (2023, https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1139295). Key effects are introduced into magnetospheric dynamics by the eccentric nature of Earth's magnetic field, features that cannot be reproduced by a geocentric field model. This paper studies the UT variation in the occurrence of substorm onsets and uses a simple Monte‐Carlo model to show how it can arise for an eccentric field model from the effect of the diurnal motions of Earth's poles on the part of the geomagnetic tail where substorms are initiated. These motions are in any reference frame that has an X axis that points from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun and are caused by Earth's rotation. The premise behind the model is shown to be valid using a super‐posed epoch study of the conditions leading up to onset. These studies also show the surprising degree of preconditioning ahead of the growth phase that is required, on average, for onset to occur. A key factor is the extent to which pole motions caused by Earth's rotation influence the near‐Earth tail at the relevant X coordinate. Numerical simulations by a global MHD model of the magnetosphere reveal the effect required to generate the observed UT variations and with right order of amplitude, albeit too small by a factor of about one third. Reasons why this discrepancy may have arisen for the simulations used are discussed.
Multi‐Scale Observation of Magnetotail Reconnection Onset: 2. Microscopic Dynamics
Authors: Genestreti Kevin J. , Farrugia Charles J. , Lu San , Vines Sarah K. , Reiff Patricia H. , Phan Tai , Baker Daniel N. , Leonard Trevor W. , Burch James L. , Bingham Samuel T. , Cohen Ian J. , Shuster Jason R. , Gershman Daniel J. , Mouikis Christopher G. , Rogers Anthony J. , Torbert Roy B. , Trattner Karlheinz J. , Webster James M. , Chen Li‐Jen , Giles Barbara L. , Ahmadi Narges , Ergun Robert E. , Russell Christopher T. , Strangeway Robert J. , Nakamura Rumi , Turner Drew L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe analyze the local dynamics of magnetotail reconnection onset using Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) data. In conjunction with MMS, the macroscopic dynamics of this event were captured by a number of other ground and space‐based observatories, as is reported in a companion paper. We find that the local dynamics of the onset were characterized by the rapid thinning of the cross‐tail current sheet below the ion inertial scale, accompanied by the growth of flapping waves and the subsequent onset of electron tearing. Multiple kinetic‐scale magnetic islands were detected coincident with the growth of an initially sub‐Alfvénic, demagnetized tailward ion exhaust. The onset and rapid enhancement of parallel electron inflow at the exhaust boundary was a remote signature of the intensification of reconnection Earthward of the spacecraft. Two secondary reconnection sites are found embedded within the exhaust from a primary X‐line. The primary X‐line was designated as such on the basis that (a) while multiple jet reversals were observed in the current sheet, only one reversal of the electron inflow was observed at the high‐latitude exhaust boundary, (b) the reconnection electric field was roughly five times larger at the primary X‐line than the secondary X‐lines, and (c) energetic electron fluxes increased and transitioned from anti‐field‐aligned to isotropic during the primary X‐line crossing, indicating a change in magnetic topology. The results are consistent with the idea that a primary X‐line mediates the reconnection of lobe magnetic field lines and accelerates electrons more efficiently than its secondary X‐line counterparts.
Perturbation to North Atlantic Ocean‐Climate Dynamics Tripled Whitings Mud Production in the Bahamas
Authors: Oehlert Amanda M. , Hunter Heather , Riopelle Cameron , Purkis Sam J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProfound changes in Earth's biogeochemical cycles are recorded in the sedimentology and geochemistry of carbonate sediments, with much of the early geological history of our planet recorded in carbonate mud precipitated from seawater. Despite their relevance for understanding early Earth, the trigger for whitings—carbonate spontaneously precipitated from the water column—remains intensely debated. Here, we used a neural network to map whitings imaged by daily MODIS Aqua satellite overpasses between 2003 and 2018 on Great Bahama Bank (GBB). Our results show that the frequency of whitings after 2011 increased by 3.3× compared to those recorded between 2003 and 2010, with the frequency of winter whitings increasing more than those in the summer. We contend that the period of increased whitings frequency was spurred by concurrent perturbations to the North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and the El Niño Southern Oscillation in 2010 that facilitated enhanced hydrodynamic mixing between the waters atop GBB and those that surround it. We conclude that whitings can exhibit a sensitive but non‐linear response to ocean‐atmosphere dynamics which is unlikely to be resolved in the geological record using conventional stratigraphic techniques. This pronounced fluctuation in mud production on short timescales contrasts with expectations of persistent tranquility in the depositional environments that produce lime mud. Our results suggest that long‐established links between ocean‐atmosphere dynamics and the lime mud budget through Earth history may require reevaluation.
Elevation‐Dependent Periglacial and Paraglacial Processes Modulate Tectonically‐Controlled Erosion of the Western Southern Alps, New Zealand
Authors: Roda‐Boluda Duna C. , Schildgen Taylor F. , Wittmann Hella , Tofelde Stefanie , Bufe Aaron , Prancevic Jeff , Hovius Niels 
Published: November 2023

AbstractExamining the links and potential feedbacks between tectonics and climate requires understanding the processes and variables controlling erosion. At the orogen scale, tectonics and climate are thought to be linked through the influence of mountain elevation on orographic precipitation and glaciation; the only documented erosional processes capable of balancing rapid rock‐uplift rates are glacial erosion or coupled river incision and landsliding. Our 20 new 10Be derived catchment‐averaged denudation rates from the Western Southern Alps of New Zealand generally range between 0.6 and 9 mm/yr, within the same order of magnitude as fault‐throw rates, exhumation rates, and erosion rates estimated from suspended sediment yields and landslide inventories. Combining our data with previously published 10Be denudation rates, we find that the proportion of catchment area in the 1,500–2,000 m elevation window is the variable that best explains denudation rate variability and the disparity between rock‐uplift rates and denudation rates. This correlation indicates that enhanced erosion likely occurs at 1,500–2,000 m above sea level, where periglacial and paraglacial processes have been proposed to be most active. We find that these temperature‐controlled erosional processes, which are also elevation‐dependent, can play a greater role in modulating erosion during interglacials than precipitation or glaciation. Our data suggest that temperature‐controlled peri‐ and paraglacial erosion could be efficient enough to balance some of the fastest rock‐uplift rates on Earth. Hence, temperature‐controlled erosion could contribute to limiting orogen elevations and modulating the erosion rates dictated by rock‐uplift, playing an essential role in linking tectonics and climate.
The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial
Authors: Kilburn Lindsay B. , Khuong-Quang Dong-Anh , Hansford Jordan R. , Landi Daniel , van der Lugt Jasper , Leary Sarah E. S. , Driever Pablo Hernáiz , Bailey Simon , Perreault Sébastien , McCowage Geoffrey , Waanders Angela J. , Ziegler David S. , Witt Olaf , Baxter Patricia A. , Kang Hyoung Jin , Hassall Timothy E. , Han Jung Woo , Hargrave Darren , Franson Andrea T. , Yalon Oren Michal , Toledano Helen , Larouche Valérie , Kline Cassie , Abdelbaki Mohamed S. , Jabado Nada , Gottardo Nicholas G. , Gerber Nicolas U. , Whipple Nicholas S. , Segal Devorah , Chi Susan N. , Oren Liat , Tan Enrica E. K. , Mueller Sabine , Cornelio Izzy , McLeod Lisa , Zhao Xin , Walter Ashley , Da Costa Daniel , Manley Peter , Blackman Samuel C. , Packer Roger J. , Nysom Karsten 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBRAFgenomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n = 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial investigated the efficacy of the oral, selective, central nervous system–penetrant, type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib (420 mg m−2once weekly; 600 mg maximum) in patients withBRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. Arm 2 (n = 60) is an extension cohort, which provided treatment access for patients withRAF-altered pLGG after arm 1 closure. Based on independent review, according to Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology High-Grade Glioma (RANO-HGG) criteria, the overall response rate (ORR) of 67% met the arm 1 prespecified primary endpoint; median duration of response (DOR) was 16.6 months; and median time to response (TTR) was 3.0 months (secondary endpoints). Other select arm 1 secondary endpoints included ORR, DOR and TTR as assessed by Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Low-Grade Glioma (RAPNO) criteria and safety (assessed in all treated patients and the primary endpoint for arm 2,n = 137). The ORR according to RAPNO criteria (including minor responses) was 51%; median DOR was 13.8 months; and median TTR was 5.3 months. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were hair color changes (76%), elevated creatine phosphokinase (56%) and anemia (49%). Grade ≥3 TRAEs occurred in 42% of patients. Nine (7%) patients had TRAEs leading to discontinuation of tovorafenib. These data indicate that tovorafenib could be an effective therapy forBRAF-altered, relapsed/refractory pLGG. ClinicalTrials.gov registration:NCT04775485.
Liver transplantation using magnetic anastomosis in pigs
Authors: Lu Qiang , Liu Kang , Shi Ai-Hua , Zhang Wei , Wan Yong , Wu Rong-Qian , Lv Yi , Wang Shan-Pei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMagnetic anastomosis substantially shortens the duration of vascular anastomosis. We aimed to apply magnetic anastomosis technology (MAT) to donor liver implantations in pig orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Twenty healthy adult pigs were randomly divided into donors and recipients, and major vascular anastomosis was performed using MAT during OLT. Recipient liver and kidney function was measured pre-surgery and 12, 24 and 72 h post-surgery. Vascular anastomoses examinations were performed using ultrasound or angiography weekly post-surgery, and pathological examinations of vascular anastomoses were performed during autopsy after animal euthanasia. All recipients survived 24 h after surgery, which is considered as successful transplantation. Anhepatic duration was only 13 min, and no anastomotic obstruction or stenosis, magnetic displacement and anastomotic angulation, or distortion was found upon postoperative examinations of major liver vasculature. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin serum levels increased considerably postoperatively. The follow-up period for this study was 1 year, and the median survival time of all recipients was 115 d (interquartile range = 11–180 d). The main causes of death were liver failure, immune rejection, infection, and arterial anastomotic bleeding. Moreover, vascular anastomoses healed well with a survival time of more than two weeks. We developed a novel magnetic device to create a fast and safe technique to perform major vascular anastomoses in pig liver transplantations. Additionally, the liver graft implantation using MAT considerably shortened the recipient warm ischemia time, which will reduce the extent of ischemia–reperfusion injury. We conclude that MAT is an effective method for donor liver fast implantation in OLT in pigs.
Deferoxamine attenuates visual impairment in retinal ischemia‒reperfusion via inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Wang Xiaoxuan , Li Mingran , Diao Ke , Wang Yan , Chen Hong , Zhao Ziqi , Li Yuan , Jia Xin , Wang Hao , Zheng Fangyuan , Xia Zihan , Han Longhui , Zhang Minglian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRetinal ischemia‒reperfusion (I/R) injury can cause significant damage to human retinal neurons, greatly compromising their functions. Existing interventions have been proven to have little effect. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of programmed cell death that has been found to be involved in the process of ischemia‒reperfusion in multiple organs throughout the body. Studies have shown that it is also present in retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury. A rat model of retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury was constructed and treated with deferoxamine. In this study, we found the accumulation of Fe2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and the consumption of glutathione (GSH) via ELISA testing; increased expression of transferrin; and decreased expression of ferritin, SLC7A11, and GPX4 via Western blotting (WB) and real-time PCR testing. Structural signs of ferroptosis (mitochondrial shrinkage) were observed across multiple cell types, including retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), photoreceptor cells, and pigment epithelial cells. Changes in visual function were detected by F-VEP and ERG. The results showed that iron and oxidative stress were increased in the retinal ischemia‒reperfusion injury model, resulting in ferroptosis and tissue damage. Deferoxamine protects the structural and functional soundness of the retina by inhibiting ferroptosis through the simultaneous inhibition of hemochromatosis, the initiation of transferrin, and the degradation of ferritin and activating the antioxidant capacity of the System Xc-GSH-GPX4 pathway.
Identification of novel STAT3 inhibitors for liver fibrosis, using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and biomolecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rafiq Huma , Hu Junjian , Hakami Mohammed Ageeli , Hazazi Ali , Alamri Mubarak A. , Alkhatabi Hind A. , Mahmood Arif , Alotaibi Bader S. , Wadood Abdul , Huang Xiaoyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a fundamental role in the growth and regulation of cellular life. Activation and over-expression of STAT3 have been implicated in many cancers including solid blood tumors and other diseases such as liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, STAT3 inhibitors are be coming a growing and interesting area of pharmacological research. Consequently, the aim of this study is to design novel inhibitors of STAT3-SH3 computationally for the reduction of liver fibrosis. Herein, we performed Pharmacophore-based virtual screening of databases including more than 19,481 commercially available compounds and in-house compounds. The hits obtained from virtual screening were further docked with the STAT3 receptor. The hits were further ranked on the basis of docking score and binding interaction with the active site of STAT3. ADMET properties of the screened compounds were calculated and filtered based on drug-likeness criteria. Finally, the top five drug-like hit compounds were selected and subjected to molecular dynamic simulation. The stability of each drug-like hit in complex with STAT3 was determined by computing their RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and DCCM analyses. Among all the compounds Sa32 revealed a good docking score, interactions, and stability during the entire simulation procedure. As compared to the Reference compound, the drug-like hit compound Sa32 showed good docking scores, interaction, stability, and binding energy. Therefore, we identified Sa32 as the best small molecule potent inhibitor for STAT3 that will be helpful in the future for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions in China based on population-related factors
Authors: Zhang Hua , Li Yi , Tong Jiaxuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntensive human activities and resource consumption in China have led to increasing carbon emissions, placing enormous pressure on achieving sustainable development goals. Nonetheless, the effects of population-related factors and carbon emissions remain controversial. This study focuses on the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions using 2010–2019 panel data covering 30 regions in China. Differing from previous studies, population-related factors are employed to classify the 30 regions into 4 classes, and kernel density estimation, σ convergence and spatial econometric models are used to analyse the spatiotemporal differences in and influencing effects of per-capita carbon emissions. The results demonstrate that overall per-capita carbon emissions rose, but there was heterogeneity in the change in per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions. The difference in regional per-capita carbon emissions has been widening, but the change rate of the difference stabilized. Overall, per-capita carbon emissions are heavily affected by household size; however, the driving forces behind per-capita carbon emissions in the 4 classes of regions vary. These results suggest that precise and coordinated governance of carbon emissions and reverting to the traditional household structure should be considered to meet the dual carbon goal.
Flexural capacity of eco-friendly reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Gerges Nagib N. , Issa Camille A. , Khalil Nariman J. , Abdul Khalek Lara , Abdo Serge , Abdulwahab Yehia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the construction industry, concrete is the most utilized building material. It is produced from different natural resources such as sand and gravel, as well as cement. The production of concrete is causing harm to the environment, yet its use became a necessity. To solve this humongous environmental challenge, many researchers devoted a considerable effort to partially replacing concrete mix components with waste material derived from glass, plastics, aluminum, wood ash, construction and demolition wastes, or tires. In the current study, a novel effort was conducted to incorporate all the above-mentioned wastes in a concrete mix design and to assess its performance. Five recycled mix designs were explored and based on the concrete mechanical properties derived, an optimum mix was realized. The optimum mix incorporated the following waste percentages: 2% crumb rubber (CR) partially replacing sand, 20% powdered glass (PG) partially replacing sand, 50% recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) partially replacing coarse aggregates, and the addition of 0.5% plastic. The optimum recycled mix was utilized to cast a real-life-size reinforced concrete beam which was compared to a normal mix beam.
Uplifting of anticorrosive coatings performance via TiO2/ZnO core–shell pigment for oil and gas pipelines protection
Authors: Ahmed N. M. , Mohamed M. G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study is to enhance the effectiveness of anticorrosive coatings applied to steel pipelines utilized for the transportation of petroleum products. However, these pipelines are susceptible to corrosion, necessitating the implementation of an economically viable protection system. Therefore, this research endeavors to introduce a novel pigment consisting of titanium dioxide/zinc oxide (TiO2/ZnO) core–shell structure. The pigment is designed to be incorporated into polymeric coating formulations and subsequently subjected to standard testing methods, including immersion tests, adhesion assessments, and electrochemical measurements. The pigment was synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was hired for observing the resistance and capacitance of the formulated coatings through immersion in corrosive medium (3.5% NaCl). The obtained results conveyed that the prepared core–shell pigment with its unique structure had strongly elevated the resistivity of the formulated coating, which enhanced its role in the protection of the pipeline wall from corrosion.
Efficacy of bone defect therapy involving various surface treatments of titanium alloy implants: an in vivo and in vitro study
Authors: Wang Boyang , Guo Yu , Xu Jiuhui , Zeng Fanwei , Ren Tingting , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultiple surface treatment methods for titanium alloy prostheses, widely used in orthopedics, are available; however, these can affect bone integration and regeneration efficiency. In this study, through cell and animal experiments, we devised seven bone implant categories of Ti6Al4V based on surface preparation and post-processing technology (polishing, grit-blasting, fine titanium spraying, coarse titanium spraying, electron beam melting [EBM] printing, selective laser melting [SLM] printing, and post-processed SLM printing) and imaged each microscopic surface structure with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical testing revealed excessive post-processing damaged the mechanical properties of the implants. In vitro, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) were cultured with implants, and the morphology of the cells adhering to the implant surface was observed using SEM and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) semi-quantitatively determined cell activity, indirectly reflecting the proliferation of hBMSCs. Alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase experiments assessed osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, experiments utilized the New Zealand rabbit femoral condyle bone defect model to assess bone regeneration and integration using micro-computed tomography, Van Giesen staining, and Masson staining. We found that 3D-printed implants with regular pore structures were more conducive to hBMSC osteogenic differentiation, while the presence of metal powder on NPT-SLM-printed implants hindered such differentiation. The post-treatment SLM scaffold surface may have some residual semi-melted powder; however, these powder residues have no significant effect on cell activity and differentiation. Surface treatment (grit-blasting and titanium spraying) of planar structures can enhance hBMSC adhesion but does not necessarily promote their differentiation. The framework structure of 3D printing may affect the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, and for SLM-printed implants, excessive pursuit of a “powderless” state will damage the mechanical properties of the implant.