bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoperiod manipulation to increase the productivity of black‐footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and Siberian polecats (M. eversmanii)
Authors: Branvold H.A. , Biggins D.E. , Wimsatt J.H. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe endangered black‐footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) reproduces naturally in the spring. The Black‐Footed Ferret Recovery Program would benefit from increased productivity in the captive population by manipulating photoperiod and temperature to create three artificial cycles in 1½ years. In the present study the photoperiod was set at 8 hr light:16 hr dark for 1–2 months, then switched to 16 hr light:8 hr dark for 4–5 months. The males' light was switched 1 month before the females' light. Three cycles were performed in 2 years. During the first cycle, 0% of the males bred, 17% of the females came into estrus and were bred through artificial insemination, and 0% of the females whelped. In the second cycle, 100% of the females came into estrus and were bred naturally, and 77% whelped. In the third cycle, all males showed testicular recrudescence but none bred; all females showed signs of estrus, 40% were bred using artificial insemination, and 0% whelped. Siberian polecats (Mustela eversmanii), the black‐footed ferrets' closest living relative, also were put on an artificial photoperiod, coinciding with the black‐footed ferrets' third cycle. All female polecats came into estrus and were bred naturally, and 33% whelped. All males showed testicular recrudescence, and 22% produced sperm and bred. The low rate of success in breeding and whelping suggests that multiple cues may be needed to induce estrus in ferrets and polecats. Zoo Biol 22:1–14, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using stage‐based system dynamics modeling for demographic management of captive populations
Authors: Faust Lisa J. , Thompson Steven D. , Earnhardt Joanne M. , Brown Ellen , Ryan Sadie , Sherman Michelle , Yurenka Meghan 
Published: April 2003

AbstractManagement of captive populations relies on a complex synthesis of genetic and demographic analyses to guide populations toward sustainability. Demographic analyses of captive populations currently utilize age‐based matrix projections to predict a population's trajectory. An alternate approach is to use a stage‐based, system dynamics model for captive systems. Such models can more easily incorporate complex captive systems in which population dynamics are dependent on a combination of management and a species' biology. By linking these two areas, population managers can gain a more accurate understanding of how management decisions impact captive populations and which aspects of a species' demography should be of special concern in the future. We present a general stage‐based system dynamics model that has been developed for use with captive populations. The utility of the model is then illustrated by applying it to three captive bear populations: spectacled bears (Tremarctos ornatus), sloth bears (Melursus ursinus), and sun bears (Helarctos malayanus). Zoo Biol 22:45–64, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive patterns in pygmy lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus): Behavioral and physiological correlates of gonadal activity
Authors: Fitch‐Snyder Helena , Jurke Mike 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate behavioral and physiological parameters of reproduction in a breeding colony of pygmy lorises. To this end, nine male and eight female adult pygmy lorises were kept under natural lighting conditions and monitored through five consecutive breeding seasons. Behavioral data were collected continuously throughout the year on all loris pairs. Behaviors associated with estrogen peaks in females included approaches, leaves, and lunges by females. Whistles were more frequent during estrus, but there was high inter‐individual variability. Males responded to estrous females by persistent following. There was a higher percentage of births in pairs that were together for more than 30 days before onset of estrus, compared with pairs that were put together when females came into estrus. However, these results may have been influenced by factors such as previous familiarity and social compatibility. Fecal testosterone levels were measured using radioimmunoassays and correlated with estrogen peaks and labial swelling of the females. The data showed an annual rhythm in testosterone that was consistent with a July–August mating season. Captive births were significantly higher during January–April than they were during any other months of the year. The earliest testosterone peak in a juvenile male was detected at 58 weeks, while the youngest male to sire offspring was 73 weeks of age at the time of the conception. Zoo Biol 22:15–32, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behavior of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) in captive conditions: Gender differences and enclosure effects
Authors: Liu Dingzhen , Wang Zhipeng , Tian Hong , Yu Changqing , Zhang Guiquan , Wei Rongping , Zhang Heming 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe behavior of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) was studied under captive conditions. Both male and female pandas spent similar amounts of time engaged in eating and locomotion. Males performed anogenital‐marking more but rested less than females, which suggests a sexually dimorphic pattern of behavior. Furthermore, females housed in the seminatural environment spent significantly less time engaged in stereotyped behavior than did females housed in the traditional enclosure, indicating that an enclosure environment affects the behavior of giant pandas. These data illustrate the importance of careful management and facility design for captive giant pandas. Zoo Biol 22:77–82, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive assessment of the great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) by fecal hormone analysis
Authors: Crofoot M. , Mace M. , Azua J. , MacDonald E. , Czekala N.M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe population of great hornbills (Buceros bicornis) in the United States is rapidly aging, and captive breeding efforts have not met population managers' expectations for a sustainable captive group. Little is known about the reproductive physiology of these birds. This study reports the first data on the re‐productive endocrinology of the great hornbill. The hormone profiles of the only pair of these birds that hatched a chick in the 1999–2000 breeding season are compared to the profiles of six other pairs of hornbills, from different institutions in the United States, that did not reproduce successfully that season. The study investigates the estradiol, corticosterone, and testosterone profiles of these seven pairs of birds, establishing a base of knowledge from which endocrine data may be used to improve the success of captive breeding programs. The estradiol profiles from this study indicate a difference in hormonal patterns between laying and non‐laying female great hornbills. Egg‐laying females had significantly higher estradiol concentrations during the breeding season than the non‐laying females (P<0.003). Testosterone concentrations of the males were not significantly different between the mates of egg‐laying and non‐egg‐laying females. The corticosterone concentrations tended to be lower in the females that laid eggs vs. the non‐egg‐laying group. The males of the egg‐laying pairs showed a significantly lower (P<0.036) corticosterone concentration than the non‐egg‐laying male pairs. This, combined with the extremely low corticosterone levels (compared to the other birds in the study) of the pair of hornbills that hatched a chick in the 1999–2000 breeding season, suggests that adrenal activity may play a role in the reproductive failure of some captive great hornbills. Zoo Biol 22:135–145, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Which neuroleptic would psychiatrists take for themselves or their relatives?
Authors: Steinert Tilman 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjective. –Psychiatrists should be asked which neuroleptic they would prefer for themselves and their relatives in the case of first manifestation of schizophrenia.Method. –Questionnaires were answered by 66 psychiatrists from 13 different sites in Baden-Wuerttemberg (South West Germany). Only those were included who had treated more than 50 patients with schizophrenia within the last 5 years (n = 54).Results. –The psychiatrists were experienced with conventional and most of the atypical agents. Fifty-one point nine percent would take olanzapine as first line treatment, 20.4% risperidone, 13.0% quetiapine, 9.3% amisulpride, 3.7% haloperidol and 1.9% perazine. In four cases, different substances were preferred for oneself and relatives.Conclusion. –Most psychiatrists would not take conventional neuroleptics, though 70% of prescriptions for schizophrenic patients have been conventional neuroleptics in Germany in 2000. The preferences among atypicals correspond well with the current prescription practice in Germany.
Four-year outcome in non-compliant schizophrenia patients treated with or without home-based ambulatory outpatient care
Authors: Kampman O. , Illi A. , Poutanen P. , Leinonen E. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractNon-compliance in neuroleptic maintenance treatment is a major concern in schizophrenia. Home-based outpatient care has been shown both to improve medication compliance and reduce relapse frequency. We analysed the need for hospitalisation, levels of functioning and mortality rate during the de-institutionalisation process in 41 schizophrenia patients with repeated hospitalisations and prolonged history of non-compliance. Eighteen of the patients received ambulatory outpatient care (AOC) after discharge. This treatment procedure focuses on enduring neuroleptic maintenance treatment. One of the hospital nurses takes care of home visits every 2–4 weeks. In the 4-year follow-up, half of the patients in the AOC group did not need hospitalisation at all and the number of days of hospitalisation in the whole group diminished by almost four-fifths compared with the previous 4 years. In the non-AOC group, there was a more limited decrease in the number of days of hospitalisation during the corresponding follow-up period. The mortality rates showed a slight tendency towards a better outcome in the AOC group. There was no change in the levels of functioning in the AOC group. This treatment can be carried out with limited resources. It clearly reduces the need for hospitalisation in a subgroup of schizophrenia patients having problems with compliance and recurrent relapse. The effectiveness of AOC on the mortality rates of schizophrenia patients needs further examination.
Zuclopenthixol-acetate treatment in catatonic patients: the implication of iron metabolism
Authors: Conca A. , Bertsch E. , Küng A. , Waschgler R. , Hrubos W. , König P. , Hansen M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThere is some evidence of ferropenia correlating with neuroleptic malignant syndrome and catatonic symptoms. The aim of this prospective and naturalistic study was to investigate the implications of ferremia in patients undergoing an intramuscular injection treatment of Zuclopenthixol-acetate in Visceolo. We recruited 59 catatonic patients (33 females). Age, sex, psychiatric and somatic diagnoses, body mass index (BMI), dosage and duration of Zuclopenthixol-acetate medication and the timing of the changeover from intramuscular to oral prescription, the single dosage of Clopenthixol if initially coadministered, incidence, onset and duration of transient benign hyperthermia, iron, ferritin, transferrin and saturation values, and white and red blood cell counts as well as liver function and electrolytes were registered. A transient and benign hyperthermic reaction (mean degrees: 37.5 + 0.3 °C) lasting for an average of 3.0 + 1.9 d was shown by 72.9% patients (N = 43, 22 females), during a mean treatment period of 5.8 + 3.1 d. These patients were medicated with significant different mean doses of Zuclopenthixol-acetate and compared to the patients with normal body temperature (ANOVA P < 0.01). The duration of Zuclopenthixol-acetate application did not vary between these patients groups. Furthermore, significant differences of iron (59.5 + 30.6 μmol/dl vs. 87.8 + 40.8 μmol/dl; ANOVA P < 0.006) and transferrin saturation values (18.3 + 10.4% vs. 27.2 + 17.0%; ANOVA P < 0.02) were found. Ferritin and transferrin were not implicated in the episode of hyperthermia. Diagnoses, sex, white and red blood cell counts also did not vary between these groups. Our findings indicate a possible involvement of ferropenia in catatonic patients, regardless of the diagnoses, and in the development of benign transient hyperthermia, also known as drug fever.
The Maudsley bipolar disorder project Clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder I in a Catchment area treatment sample
Authors: Raymont Vanessa , Bettany David , Frangou Sophia 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe clinical characteristics of bipolar I disorder (BD1) have prognostic and therapeutic importance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of demographic and clinical variables on the course of BD1. We reviewed the case notes of all BD1 patients (n = 63) receiving treatment in a London psychiatric service during a 1-month period. Depressive and manic onsets were equally likely without any gender difference. The earlier the age of onset, the more likely it was for patients to experience psychotic features. Only depressive onsets predicted a higher number of episodes of the same polarity. Male gender and substance abuse were associated with younger age at first presentation, while women with co-morbid substance abuse had more manic episodes. Male patients were more likely than females to be unemployed or single.
Inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase or epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase abolishes lysophosphatidic acid‐mediated DNA‐synthesis in human myometrial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Nilsson Ulrika K. , Svensson Samuel P.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHuman myometrial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were used to evaluate the proliferative activity of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). This study specifically focuses on the role of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein (CaM) kinase and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. Myometrial SMCs were cultured from biopsies taken at Cesarean sections. The expression of LPA receptors was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and DNA‐synthesis was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. LPA1, LPA2, and LPA3receptor subtypes were detected in the SMCs using RT‐PCR. KN‐62, an inhibitor of CaM kinase, and Tyrphostin AG 1478, an inhibitor of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase, dose‐dependently decreased LPA‐stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation. Furthermore, BB‐3103, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also reduced DNA‐synthesis induced by LPA in these cells. The results show, for the first time, that human myometrial SMCs express all three known LPA receptor subtypes. Growth stimulatory effects of LPA on myometrial SMCs seems to be mediated by several pathways, where transactivation of EGF receptors through MMPs appears to be of importance. Furthermore, CaM kinase activity may be critical for LPA signaling since inhibition of CaM kinase totally abolish the proliferative effect of LPA.
Genetic Counseling—Stress, Coping, and the Empowerment Perspective
Authors: McConkie‐Rosell Allyn , Sullivan Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHistorically one of the basic foundations of the genetic counseling process has been nondirectiveness; however, its definition and utility continues to be in question. There remains a need to develop genetic counseling interventions in order to qualify, quantify, measure, and enhance the genetic counseling process as well as to delineate the complex interactions of education and counseling that occur. We propose a framework for genetic counseling interventions utilizing an empowerment perspective and Lazarus and Folkman's adaptation of the theory of stress and coping. This model frames the genetic counseling process as one that promotes the autonomy of the individual by providing the individual with the tools required to make their own decisions and enhances coping and adjustment to the outcome of those decisions through control and mastery.
Development and Evaluation of a Decision Aid About Prenatal Testing for Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Drake Elizabeth R. , Engler‐Todd Lori , O'Connor Annette M. , Surh Linda C. , Hunter Alasdair 
Published: April 2003

AbstractObjective:To develop and evaluate a decision aid designed to prepare patients of advanced maternal age for counseling about prenatal diagnostic testing.Setting:A regional genetics center.Design:A before/after study.Interventions:Participants used an audioguided workbook to learn about options and outcomes and to clarify personal risks, values, questions, and predispositions.Subjects:21 women of advanced maternal age and 17 spouses.Main outcome measures:Knowledge of prenatal testing alternatives, decisional conflict, level of anxiety, and acceptability of the decision aid.Results:After using the decision aid, participants had significantly reduced decisional conflict (uncertainty) and a significant increase in knowledge. There was no effect on state or trait anxiety. More than three‐quarters of participants were satisfied with the length, clarity, balance, and acceptability of the decision aid.Conclusions:The decision aid shows promise as a useful aid for preparing couples for counseling.
Bridging the Personal and the Political: Practices for a Liberation Psychology
Authors: Moane Geraldine 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIn the Irish context, legacies of colonialism, the Northern Ireland conflict situation, and the strength of community and women's liberation movements all provide rich resources for understanding the processes involved in both oppression and liberation. This paper draws on the theoretical and research literature and on Irish experiences to develop an understanding of some of the processes and practices that aid in liberation. The research is grounded in diverse writings on oppression and liberation, which include writings on colonialism (E. Duran &B. Duran, 1995; F. Fanon, 1967; V. Kenny, 1985, L. Maracle, 1996), feminist psychology (J. B. Miller, 1986; S. Wilkinson, 1996), liberation psychology (H. A. Bulhan, 1985; L. Comas‐Díaz, M. B. Lykes, & R. D. Alarcon, 1998; I. Martín‐Baró, 1994; Starhawk, 1987), and psychological aspects of racism (b. hooks, 1993; A. Mama, 1995; R. J. Watts, D. M. Griffith, & J. Abdul‐Adil, 1999), homophobia (A. R. D'Augelli & C. J. Patterson, 1995), poverty (K. O'Neill, 1992), and other dimensions of oppression.
Emancipatory Education Versus School‐Based Prevention in African American Communities
Authors: Potts Randolph G. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSchools have become strategic settings for the work of community psychologists. In a review of 177 primary prevention programs for children and adolescents, Durlak and Wells (1997) found that 129 (72.9%) were based in schools. The literature in community psychology describes many school‐based prevention programs targeting problems such as substance abuse, school “maladjustment,” delinquency, and violence (e.g. C. A. Mason, A. M. Cauce, L. Robinson & G. W. Harper, 1999). A large number of these programs are based in schools in African American communities and include social–cognitive, decision making, affective education, and other skills‐building modules along with direct instruction. In this paper, it is argued that ideas from emancipatory education (e.g. Freire, 1998) and African‐centered education (e.g. H. Madhubuti & S. Madhubuti, 1994; M. J. Shujaa, 1995) should guide school‐based interventions in communities of people of African descent. There is an extensive and distinguished history of emancipatory schools and school‐based programs in African American communities. Included in this history are the freedom schools during reconstruction, the SNCC Freedom Schools, the Liberation Schools of the Black Panther Party, the Malcolm X Academy in Detroit, Sankofa Shule in Lansing, the Institute for Positive Education/New Concept Development Center in Chicago, the Benjamin E. Mays Institute in Hartford, and the schools affiliated with the Council of Independent Black Institutions (CIBI) to name just a few. This paper will first provide a brief, critical review of the role of schools and social oppression. Second, primary prevention programs in communities of people of African descent will be examined, questioning some of the dominant methods and assumptions. Next, underlying assumptions about relationships between African identity, educational success, and healthy outcomes for young people will be addressed. This will be followed by a discussion of African‐centered emancipatory education, focusing specifically on the role of students as agents of social change and the importance of critical reflection on African cultural resources. The Benjamin E. Mays Institute will be presented as an example of how ideas from an African‐centered emancipatory approach to education have been incorporated within a school serving a community of people of African descent in Hartford, Connecticut.
Correlates of African American and Latino Parents' Messages to Children About Ethnicity and Race: A Comparative Study of Racial Socialization
Authors: Hughes Diane 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRecently, social scientists have become increasingly interested in the nature of communications from parents to children regarding ethnicity and race. Termed racial socialization, race‐related messages to children may have important consequences for children's identity development and well‐being. This study examined the frequency and correlates of two dimensions of racial socialization—messages about ethnic pride, history, and heritage (Cultural Socialization) and messages about discrimination and racial bias (Preparation for Bias)—among 273 urban African American, Puerto Rican, and Dominican parents. Parents reported more frequent Cultural Socialization than Preparation for Bias. There were no significant ethnic group differences in the frequency of Cultural Socialization. However, African American parents reported more frequent Preparation for Bias than did Dominican parents who, in turn, reported more frequent messages of this sort than did Puerto Rican parents. Ethnic identity was a stronger predictor of Cultural Socialization among Puerto Rican and Dominican parents than among their African American counterparts. In contrast, perceived discrimination experiences was a stronger predictor of Preparation for Bias among African American and Dominican parents than among Puerto Rican parents. Finally, race‐related phenomenon accounted for more variance in both Cultural Socialization and Preparation for Bias among parents reporting on their behaviors with children 10–17 years old as compared to parents reporting on their behaviors with children 6–9 years old.
The Violent Matrix: A Study of Structural, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal Violence Among a Sample of Poor Women
Authors: James Susan E. , Johnson Janice , Raghavan Chitra , Lemos Tessa , Barakett Michele , Woolis Diana 
Published: April 2003

AbstractOne goal of this paper is to present an integrated tripartite model of violence, with a focus on structural violence within an oppression paradigm. Using qualitative and quantitative data from 27 women (70% African American and 30% European American) who participated in a national substance abuse treatment demonstration program, we describe a model of violence in which structural violence is presented within a transactional relationship with interpersonal, and intrapersonal violence. We suggest that the effects of structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal violence are magnified when race and poverty are considered. The second goal of the paper is to present a preliminary test of the new model of violence. Results indicated that different levels and types of violence are interrelated. Implications of these findings for empowering solutions are suggested.