bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cell‐penetrating peptide exerts therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke by mediating the lysosomal degradation of sirtuin 5
Authors: Xia Qian , Zhang Xue , Zhan Gaofeng , Zheng Lu , Mao Meng , Zhao Yin , Zhao Yilin , Li Xing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStroke is a major public health concern worldwide. The lack of effective therapies heightens the need for new therapeutic agents. Previous study identified sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a positive regulator of microglia‐induced excessive neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. Interventions targeting SIRT5 should therefore alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic stroke. Here, we synthesized a membrane‐permeable peptide specifically bound to SIRT5 through a chaperone‐mediated autophagy targeting motif (Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM) and examined its therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo. First, in primary microglia, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM suppressed the binding of SIRT5 with annexin‐A1 (ANXA1), leading to SIRT5 degradation and thus inhibition of SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation of ANXA1, followed by increased membrane accumulation and secretion of ANXA1. These changes, in turn, alleviated microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, following intravenous injection, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM could efficiently pass through the blood‒brain barrier. Importantly, systemic administration of Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM reduced the brain infarct area and neuronal loss, mitigated neurological deficit scores, and improved long‐term neurological functions in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed when high doses Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM were injected into nonischemic mice. Collectively, our study reveals the promising efficacy of the peptide‐directed lysosomal degradation of SIRT5 and suggests it as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Prospects of materials genome engineering frontiers
Authors: Xie Jianxin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMaterials genome engineering represents the new frontier of materials research, and is disrupting the conventional “trial and error” paradigm for materials innovation. In the present perspective, the author reflects on the major achievements already made in five sub‐domains, including high‐efficiency materials computation and design, revolutionary experimental technologies, materials big data technologies, research and development of advanced materials, and industrial applications. Furthermore, the author lays out five crucial directions of future efforts for maturing the relevant technologies. These directions include cross‐scale modeling and computational design, artificial intelligence for materials science, automatic and intelligent experimentation, digital twin, and data resource management and sharing.
Protective Effect of Bovine Milk Extracellular Vesicles on Alveolar Bone Loss
Authors: Silva Francine R. F. , Heredia Joyce E. , Duffles Letícia F. , Arntz Onno J. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Ferreira Adaliene V. M. , Silva Tarcilia A. , van de Loo Fons A. J. , Macari Soraia , Oliveira Marina C. 
Published: December 2023

ScopeBovine milk extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have demonstrated therapeutic potential in regulating bone cell activity. However, the outcome of their use on alveolar bone loss has not yet been demonstrated.Methods and resultsThis study evaluates the effect of oral administration of MEVs on ovariectomized (OVX) mice. There is a reduced height of the alveolar bone crest in OVX mice by MEVs treatment, but the alveolar bone parameters are not altered. OVX mice are then submitted to a force‐induced bone remodeling model by orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MEVs‐treated mice have markedly less bone remodeling movement, unlike the untreated OVX mice. Also, OVX mice treated with MEVs show an increased number of osteoblasts and osteocytes associated with higher sclerostin expression and reduce osteoclasts in the alveolar bone. Although the treatment with MEVs in OVX mice does not show differences in root structure in OTM, few odontoclasts are observed in the dental roots of OVX‐treated mice. Compared to untreated mice, maxillary and systemic RANKL/OPG ratios are reduced in OVX mice treated with MEVs.ConclusionTreatment with MEVs results in positive bone cell balance in the alveolar bone and dental roots, indicating its beneficial potential in treating alveolar bone loss in the nutritional context.
The complexity landscape of disaster‐aware network extension problems
Authors: Vass Balázs , Nagy Beáta Éva , Brányi Balázs , Tapolcai János 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article deals with the complexity of problems related to finding cost‐efficient, disaster‐aware cable routes. We overview various mathematical problems studied to augment a backbone network topology to make it more robust against regional failures. These problems either consider adding a single cable, multiple cables, or even nodes too. They adapt simplistic or more sophisticated regional failure models. Their objective is to identify the network's weak points or minimize the investment cost concerning the risk of a network outage. We investigate the tradeoffs in mathematical modeling for the same real‐world scenario, where more sophisticated models face more computationally challenging problems. We have seen how efficiently computational geometry algorithms can be used to solve simplified problems even for sufficiently large networks. In this article, we aim to understand why different mathematical models formulated for the same real‐world scenario can or cannot be solved efficiently. In particular, we show simplistic mathematical models that formulate NP‐hard problems.
Psychometric evaluation of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’ in a sample of nursing students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Yu Juping , Ganesh Siva , Lancastle Deborah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo examine the psychometric properties of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’.DesignA methodological study was conducted.MethodsA sample of 230 nursing students was used to analyse the psychometric properties of the ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to test construct validity. Cronbach's alpha and item‐total correlations were carried out to test internal consistency reliability.ResultsThe mean score of the empathy SUM was 112.0 (SD: 12.6). A three‐factor model was explored. This factor structure does not replicate the original ‘Jefferson Scale of Empathy’ when it was validated with medical students, but it is in line with later research with nursing students. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.80 for the SUM and 0.80–0.84 for individual items. Item‐total correlation coefficients were 0.01–0.63.No Patient or Public ContributionBecause this study focused on nursing students. No patients or the public were involved.
In situ Investigations of the Formation Mechanism of Metastable γ‐BiPd Nanoparticles in Polyol Reductions
Authors: Smuda Matthias , Elsner Noah , Ströh Jonas , Pienack Nicole , Radulovic Rastko , Khadiev Azat , Terraschke Huayna , Ruck Michael , Doert Thomas 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynthesizing intermetallic phases containing noble metals often poses a challenge as the melting points of noble metals often exceed the boiling point of bismuth (1560 °C). Reactions in the solid state generally circumvent this issue but are extremely time consuming. A convenient method to overcome these obstacles is the co‐reduction of metal salts in polyols, which can be performed within hours at moderate temperatures and even allows access to metastable phases. However, little attention has been paid to the formation mechanisms of intermetallic particles in polyol reductions. Identifying crucial reaction parameters and finding patterns are key factors to enable targeted syntheses and product design. Here, we chose metastable γ‐BiPd as an example to investigate the formation mechanism from mixtures of metal salts in ethylene glycol and to determine critical factors for phase formation. The reaction was also monitored by in situ X‐ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Products, intermediates and solutions were characterized by (in situ) X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. In the first step of the reaction, elemental palladium precipitates. Increasing temperature induces the reduction of bismuth cations and the subsequent rapid incorporation of bismuth into the palladium cores, yielding the γ‐BiPd phase.
Hydrogen Production via Methane Decomposition over Alumina Doped with Titanium Oxide‐Supported Iron Catalyst for Various Calcination Temperatures
Authors: Ahmed Hamid , Alotibi Mohammed F. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Osman Ahmed I. , Al‐Awadi Abdulrahman S. , Alarifi Naif , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe decomposition of methane has been chosen as an alternative method for producing hydrogen. In this study, 20 % Fe was used as the active metal part of the catalyst. To better comprehend the impact of the supporting catalytic properties, alumina and titania‐alumina composite were investigated as supports. Iron‐based catalysts were prepared by impregnation method and then calcined at different temperatures (300 °C, 500 °C, and 800 °C). The catalysts were examined at 800 °C under atmospheric pressure with a 15 mL/min total flow rate and 2 : 1 CH4 to N2 feed ratio. The textural and morphological characteristics of the fresh calcined and spent catalysts were investigated. The catalytic activity and stability data demonstrated that Fe supported over TiO2‐Al2O3 calcined at 500 °C performed the best of all evaluated catalysts with a more than 80 % hydrogen yield. The Raman spectra result showed that graphitic carbon was produced for all used titanium dioxide catalysts. Moreover, according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results, the carbon deposited on the catalysts’ surface is carbon nanotubes (CNT).
Influence of preparation method on the structure, morphology, and conducting property of poly(m‐aminophenol)/silver nanocomposite
Authors: Priya Leena , Kar Pradip 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe aim is to create a nanocomposite with well‐defined morphology having enhanced electronic characteristics, suitable for a diverse range of applications including sensors, supercapacitors, and electrode materials, among others. A composite consisting of the functional conjugated polymer, such as poly(m‐aminophenol), combined with silver nanoparticles, can be fabricated by meticulously regulating its structure, morphology, and properties. In the current research, three different morphologies, viz., nanoparticles distributed, nanofibrous, and core–shell were obtained following three different methods of preparation. The nanocomposite with a uniform distribution of 5.15 wt% small silver nanoparticles exhibited the highest average DC conductivity of 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1. However, the nanofibrous composite with 2.79 wt% silver loading and core–shell nanocomposite with 5.59 wt% silver loading were found to have poor conductivities in order of 10−7 S cm−1. The electronic conduction of the nanocomposites prepared in three different methods was correlated with the structural features of the polymer matrix and the interfacial interaction between the components. This suggests that the nanocomposites with uniform distribution of small silver nanoparticles hold high potential as electronic material for a wide range of applications.Highlights
Optimization of preparation of poly(m‐aminophenol)/silver nanocomposite.
Investigation of structure and morphologies of the composites.
Morphologies—nanocomposites, nanofiber composite, and core–shell composite.
Highest average DC‐conductivity of nanocomposite obtained as 1.3 × 10−4 S cm−1.
Conductivity in order of 10−7 S cm−1 was observed for the other two nanocomposites.
Natural genetic variation and negative density effects in plant–nematode interactions
Authors: Mukhaimar Maisara , Pfalz Marina , Shykoff Jacqui , Kroymann Juergen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana is a suitable host for phytoparasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Successful nematode infection leads to the formation of root galls. We tested for natural genetic variation and inoculation density effects on nematode reproductive success in the interaction between A. thaliana and Meloidogyne javanica. We inoculated different Arabidopsis genotypes with two sources of nematodes at two different doses, using a mild protocol for inoculum preparation. We counted root galls and egg masses 2 months after inoculation. We obtained a high number of successful nematode infections. Infection success differed among Arabidopsis genotypes in interaction with the nematode source. Overall, infection success and reproductive success of nematodes were lower at a higher inoculum dose of nematodes. Our results indicate that natural genetic variation in both host plants and nematodes, as well as short‐ and long‐term negative density effects, shape nematode reproductive success.
Bronchiolitis hospital admission in infancy is associated with later preschool ventilation inhomogeneity
Authors: Sena Carla Rebeca Da Silva , Morten Matthew , Collison Adam M. , Shaar Aida , Andrade Ediane de Queiroz , Meredith Joseph , Kepreotes Elizabeth , Murphy Vanessa E. , Sly Peter D. , Whitehead Bruce , Karmaus Wilfried , Gibson Peter G. , Robinson Paul D. , Mattes Joerg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundRhinovirus (RV) positive bronchiolitis episodes in infancy confer a higher risk to develop asthma in later childhood with associated lung function impairments. We aimed to investigate the association between the type of virus causing a bronchiolitis hospitalization episode and lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age.MethodsInfants hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of moderate (ward admission) or severe (pediatric intensive care ward admission) bronchiolitis were prospectively followed‐up at preschool age to assess nitrogen (N2) multiple breath washout (MBW). Lung clearance index (LCI), functional residual capacity (FRC), and concentration normalized phase III slope analysis (SnIII) indices were reported from ≥2 technically acceptable trials. Differences between groups were calculated using logistic and linear regression and adjusted for confounders (sex, age at bronchiolitis admission, height at visit, maternal asthma, and doctor‐diagnosed asthma, including interaction terms between the latter three). An interaction term was included in a regression model to test for an interaction between RV bronchiolitis severity and MBW parameters at preschool age.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐nine subjects attended preschool follow‐up, of which 84 out of 103 (82%) performing MBW had technically acceptable data. Children with a history of RV positive bronchiolitis (n = 39) had increased LCI (adjusted β‐coefficient [aβ] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.65, p = 0.040) and conductive airways ventilation inhomogeneity [Scond] (aβ = 0.016, CI 0.004–0.028, p = 0.011) when compared with those with a RV negative bronchiolitis history (n = 45). In addition, we found a statistical interaction between RV bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis severity strengthening the association with LCI (aβ = 0.93, CI 0.20–1.58, p = 0.006).ConclusionChildren with a history of hospital admission for RV positive bronchiolitis in infancy might be at a higher risk of lung ventilation inhomogeneities at preschool age, arising from the peripheral conducting airways.
Psychosocial factors affecting the quality of life of parents who have children with home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Ozcan Gizem , Zirek Fazilcan , Tekin Merve Nur , Bayav Secahattin , Bakirarar Batuhan , Duman Berker , Cobanoglu Nazan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionMost children with medical complexity have to live with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Undertaking the care of a child with HMV creates a psychosocial burden on parents. This study investigated the impact of selected potential determinants on the quality of life of parents who have children with HMV.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the parents. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment‐Brief version, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were applied.ResultsA total of 35 participants responded to the questionnaires. Paired data from mothers and fathers were obtained from 12 families. A moderately significant positive correlation was found between the perceived social support levels of the parents and all domains of the quality of life scale (for the physical domain: r = .455, p = .006; for the psychological domain: r = .549, p = .001; for the social domain: r = .726, p = .000; and for the environment domain: r = .442, p = .008). A moderate negative relationship was found between parents’ perceived social support levels and BDI scores (r = −.557, p = .001). The multivariate regression analysis determined that being a mother, quitting a job to become a caregiver, being the only caregiver at home, and having a neurological/neuromuscular disease as the primary disease of the child were associated with lower scores in more than one quality of life domain.ConclusionOur results emphasize that appropriate social support is important for improving the quality of life scores of parents of children with HMV.
Analysis of iron status after initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor in people with cystic fibrosis
Authors: James Amber , Li Galvin , List Rhonda , Lonabaugh Kevin , Smith Aaron D. , Barros Andrew , Somerville Lindsay , Albon Dana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency is highly prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). While elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) has shown remarkable improvements in respiratory symptoms in PwCF, the effect of ETI on iron status remains unknown. This study aims to identify the effect of ETI on iron status in PwCF.MethodsA single‐center retrospective cohort study of 127 adult PwCF was conducted to assess the impact of ETI on iron, ferritin, transferrin levels, and percent saturation of transferrin (PSAT). Data were collected from the electronic medical record from January 2017 to September 2022, encompassing 2 years before and after ETI initiation. The primary outcome was serum iron parameters: iron, ferritin, transferrin, and PSAT levels following ETI treatment. Secondary outcomes analyzed iron supplementation. Univariate and multivariate mixed‐effects models were used for the analysis of ETI.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, following ETI initiation, the mean iron level increased by 20.24 μg/dL (p < .001), ferritin levels were 31.4% (p < .001) higher, PSAT showed a 5.09 percentage point increase (p < .001), and transferrin levels increased by 2.71 mg/dL (p = .439). Patients with and without iron supplementation experienced a significant increase in iron after ETI (p < .001).ConclusionsETI is associated with a significant increase in iron, ferritin, and PSAT levels. Patients with and without iron supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in iron. This study shows the benefits of ETI on iron status in PwCF. However, further translational studies are required to understand the impact of ETI on iron absorption and metabolism in PwCF.
The airway microbiota in siblings with primary ciliary dyskinesia: Related factors and correlation with clinical characteristics
Authors: Ademhan Tural Dilber , Kasikci Merve , Eryilmaz Polat Sanem , Ozsezen Beste , Hizal Mina , Sunman Birce , Nayir Büyüksahin Halime , Guzelkas Ismail , Altay Ozlem , Dolgun Tugba Yuksel , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Yalcin Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Kiper Nural , Hascelik Gulsen , Diker Kadir Serdar , Ozcelik Ugur 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectives—AimWe aimed to show the composition and structure of and explore affecting factors on airway microbiota in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) patients using culture‐independent techniques.MethodA cross‐sectional observational study was performed. We recruited 14 PCD patients (seven pairs of siblings) and nine parents. Bacterial rDNA was extracted from sputum and nasal samples. Sputum samples were also inoculated on suitable bacteriological media.ResultsThirty‐three separate genera were detected in sputum samples of PCD patients, and 41 were in nasal samples of parents. The detected genera were dominated by phyla Proteobacteria in PCD patients and their parents. Culture‐dependent analyses could not detect many of the bacterial species detected with culture‐independent analyses. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity between the siblings' pairs, and siblings' samples did not cluster together nearly as strongly as nonsiblings' samples. Patients who had no new complaints and no bacterial growth with the culture‐dependent method at the time of study and patients who had no Haemophilus influenzae growth in the previous year had a significantly greater diversity (p < .05). Microbiota communities tended to cluster together by age, pulmonary exacerbation status, the existence of at least one H. influenzae growth with culture‐dependent analyses in the previous year, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec z and FEF25‐75 z‐scores.ConclusionThe airway microbiota of patients with PCD have presented more diverse bacterial communities than had been indicated with culture‐dependent methods. The study identifies relationships between bacterial airway microbiota composition and the clinical measures of patients. Sibling pairs have no more community similarities than nonsibling PCD patients. Our results may indicate that the patients' clinical characteristics, which determine the disease severity, might affect the PCD microbiome.
Sore throat as the herald of spontaneous pneumomediastinum
Authors: Cheng Yung‐Sheng , Ho Sheng‐Yuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis report emphasizes the need of investigating spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adolescent patients who have unusual respiratory symptoms by describing a rare case of it in a 16‐year‐old guy. Although the first symptom exhibited resemblance to common respiratory infections, a full physical assessment disclosed important markers, eventually establishing the diagnosis by imaging. Medical workers should consider spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a possible diagnosis, especially when symptoms overlap with those of more common illnesses, as illustrated by this example. Detecting subtle clinical signs, such as the presence of palpable crepitus in the neck area, can greatly aid in the timely and accurate diagnosis of medical disorders, reducing the chances of incorrect diagnoses and ensuring appropriate treatment. Our work significantly contributes to the understanding and awareness of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in pediatric patients, with the ultimate aim of improving patient treatment.
Front Cover Image
Authors: Baker Claire S. , Sands David C. , Nzioki Henry Sila 
Published: December 2023

The cover image is based on the Perspective The Toothpick Project: commercialization of a virulence‐selected fungal bioherbicide for Striga hermonthica (witchweed) biocontrol in Kenya by Claire S. Baker et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7761. Featured: Lillian Makokha.image