bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Space Morphology and School Myopia in China
Authors: Yang Yahan , Liao Huipeng , Zhao Lanqin , Wang Xun , Yang XiaoWei , Ding Xiaohu , Li Xuelong , Jiang Zhiyu , Zhang Xingying , Zhang Qingling , He Huagui , Guo Liang , Lin Hualiang , Dong Guanghui , Spencer Bryan , He Mingguang , Congdon Nathan , Morgan Ian George , Lin Haotian 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceChina has experienced both rapid urbanization and major increases in myopia prevalence. Previous studies suggest that green space exposure reduces the risk of myopia, but the association between myopia risk and specific geometry and distribution characteristics of green space has yet to be explored. These must be understood to craft effective interventions to reduce myopia.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations between myopia and specific green space morphology using novel quantitative data from high-resolution satellite imaging.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective cohort study included students grades 1 to 4 (aged 6 to 9 years) in Shenzhen, China. Baseline data were collected in 2016-2017, and students were followed up in 2018-2019. Data were analyzed from September 2020 to January 2022.ExposuresEight landscape metrics were calculated using land cover data from high-resolution Gaofen-2 satellite images to measure area, aggregation, and shape of green space.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe 2-year cumulative change in myopia prevalence at each school and incidence of myopia at the student level after 2 years were calculated as main outcomes. The associations between landscape metrics and school myopia were assessed, controlling for geographical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Principal component analyses were performed to further assess the joint effect of landscape metrics at the school and individual level.ResultsA total of 138 735 students were assessed at baseline. Higher proportion, aggregation, and better connectivity of green space were correlated with slower increases in myopia prevalence. In the principal component regression, a 1-unit increase in the myopia-related green space morphology index (the first principal component) was negatively associated with a 1.7% (95% CI, −2.7 to −0.6) decrease in myopia prevalence change at the school level (P = .002). At the individual level, a 1-unit increase in myopia-related green space morphology index was associated with a 9.8% (95% CI, 4.1 to 15.1) reduction in the risk of incident myopia (P &amp;lt; .001), and the association remained after further adjustment for outdoor time, screen time, reading time, and parental myopia (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97; P = .009).Conclusions and RelevanceStructure of green space was associated with a decreased relative risk of myopia, which may provide guidance for construction and renovation of schools. Since risk estimates only indicate correlations rather than causation, further interventional studies are needed to assess the effect on school myopia of urban planning and environmental designs, especially size and aggregation metrics of green space, on school myopia.
Self‐Micropatterned Wood Hydrophone for Underwater Detection
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Ye Zewei , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Chencong , Sun Qingfeng , Shamshina Julia L. , Shen Xiaoping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA hydrophone is a core component of sonar and plays a significant role in underwater detection. High sensitivity and wide‐frequency responsiveness are crucial parameters for underwater mechanosensors. This study introduces an innovative wood‐based hydrophone for precise detection of water wave spectra and a wide range of underwater sounds. The wood hydrophone consists of a conductive wood electrode with deposited polypyrrole (PPy) microbranches (polypyrrole wood (PW)) and a cellulosic micropatterned anti‐swelling hydrogel (MPASH) serving as the dielectric layer. As pressure increases within the range of 6.4 Pa to 1.2 kPa, the densely distributed PPy microbranches within the wood fiber cell lumina contact with more tips of the self‐wrinkled micropatterns of MPASH. This interaction results in a four‐order‐of‐magnitude increase in capacitance, leading to an unprecedented sensitivity of 1153 kPa−1 toward microstresses. Due to the presence of multisized configurations in both PW and MPASH, the sensitivity of the wood hydrophone decreases gradually (268 kPa−1 up to 37 kPa). The receiving sensitivity of the wood hydrophone for acoustic waves is greater than ‐174 dB within the frequency range of 250–2300 Hz. This work presents a promising avenue for the development of underwater detection devices utilizing graded wood channels and micropatterned cellulosic hydrogels.
Multivalent‐Ion Electrochromic Energy Saving and Storage Devices
Authors: Tong Zhongqiu , Zhu Xing , Xu Hongbo , Li Zhishan , Li Shaoyuan , Xi Fengshuo , Kang Tianxing , Ma Wenhui , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) show promising applications in various fields including energy‐saving smart windows, energy‐recycling batteries/supercapacitors, displays, thermal management, etc. Compared to monovalent cations (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+), multivalent‐ion carriers (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, and Al3+) can enable the ECDs with high optical contrast, high energy‐recycling capability, and attractive long‐term stability because of the multiple‐electron transfer redox. Additionally, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Al3+‐based ECDs assembled with metal anodes are exploited for applications in EC electronics, EC mirrors, flexible devices, etc. Attempts to develop multivalent‐ion ECDs can be traced to 2013. However, since 2017, the research activity in this field has surged in the world. Despite the fascinating achievements, there is still a long way from their maturity due to challenges related to the limited electrode materials and electrolytes, as well as the obscure multivalent‐ion redox mechanisms. This review aims to discuss 1) the EC mechanisms of electrode materials with multivalent ions, 2) the advantageous functionalities of multivalent‐ion ECDs, and 3) strategies developed for exploring electrode materials, electrolytes, and ECD structures. Additionally, future perspectives for remaining challenges and corresponding strategies for developing multivalent‐ion ECDs with designed functionalities are discussed.
Tilt‐Engineered Molecular‐Scale Selector for Enhanced Learning in Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Eo Jung Sun , Shin Jaeho , Jeon Takgyeong , Jang Jingon , Wang Gunuk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMiniaturization of individual selectors in crossbar‐array‐based artificial neural networks is essential for the advancement of the underlying neuromorphic electronics, as it improves learning, recognition, and prediction accuracies. This study proposes a tilt‐engineered molecular‐scale selector comprising a heterostructure of biphenyl‐4‐thiol (OPT2) or 1‐octanethiol (C8) molecular layers and an n‐type two‐dimensional MoS2 monolayer (1L‐MoS2) at an approximate contact radius of 3 nm, which is evaluated via conductive atomic force microscopy under various tip‐loading forces. The molecular tilt configuration controlled by the tip‐loading force is used as a rectifying engineer for the OPT2/1L‐MoS2 and C8/1L‐MoS2 heterojunction accuracies. Rectification ratios and conductance levels are significantly influenced by the molecular backbones and tilt angle. The proposed tilt‐engineered selector can aid in controlling undesired neural signals affecting vector–matrix multiplications and adjusting the switching range compatibility of an integrated synaptic device cell, significantly influencing the pattern recognition accuracy. By controlling the tilt angle, the recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset increases from 78.65% to 86.45% and from 7.74% to 86.09% when using the OPT2/1L‐MoS2 and C8/1L‐MoS2 selector, respectively. The proposed molecular tilt configuration can be used for developing customized molecular‐scale selectors for crossbar‐array‐based artificial neural networks to improve learning while suppressing undesired neural signals.
Shear Stress‐Triggered Theranostic Nanoparticles for Piezoelectric‐Fenton‐Photodynamic Thrombolysis and Endogenous Thrombus Imaging
Authors: Cao Wenxiong , Xie Shuang , Liu Yuan , Ran Pan , Zhang Zhanlin , Fang Qibo , Li Xiaohong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThrombus therapy is challenged by potential bleeding risk of thrombolytic agents, and external irradiation is usually needed in thrombus imaging. Herein, highly efficient theranostic platforms are designed for piezoelectric‐Fenton‐photodynamic thrombolysis and endogenous thrombus imaging in response to the elevated shear stress at the thrombus site. Piezoelectric tetragonal barium titanate (tBT) nanoparticles (NPs) are coated with Fe3+‐coordinated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), followed by inoculation of chlorin e6‐luminol conjugates and heparin absorption to obtain theranostic tBT@MOFCL/Hep NPs. Shear stress‐induced piezopotential on NPs accelerates Fe3+/Fe2+ transformation to deplete MOF layers, activates Fenton reaction and produces reactive oxidative species (ROS) for non‐pharmacological thrombolysis. In the meantime, the site‐specific ROS generation oxidizes luminol and the chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer with chlorin e6 generates red fluorescence for thrombus imaging without using external light irradiation. After intravenous injection into a carotid artery thrombosis model, the heparin‐mediated thrombus targeting yields 6.5‐fold higher luminescent intensity at the thrombus site. Thrombi in the carotid arteries are almost completely dissolved with integration of piezoelectric dynamic therapy, piezopotential‐enhanced Fenton reaction, and chemiluminescence‐excited photodynamic therapy, while causing no haematologic and histopathologic abnormality. This study demonstrates a concise strategy to generate shear stress‐responsive built‐in piezoelectric potentials, site‐specific non‐pharmacological thrombolysis, self‐illuminating, and stenosis degree‐adaptable thrombus imaging.
Triboelectric Insoles with Normal‐Shear Plantar Stress Perception
Authors: Hu Songtao , Li Haoran , Lu Wenhui , Han Tianyu , Xu Youzhong , Shi Xi , Peng Zhike , Cao Xiaobao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlantar stress perception is highly desired in sports science and medical research, with the constraint of external power supply to impede the portability and flexibility in daily life. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) opens a new avenue for self‐power sensing; however, a comprehensive sensing of normal and shear plantar stress remains elusive, let alone the further exploration from a mapping perspective. Here, a TENG‐based self‐powered sensing insole is developed for a comprehensive normal‐shear plantar stress mapping among four critical positions. At each position, four TENG units with single‐electrode‐mode triboelectrification are incorporated to decouple the normal and shear stress based on asymmetrical outputs. The insole exhibits excellent static characteristics for plantar stress measurement. Also, it can dynamically capture plantar stress variations to distinguish between different states during a standing long jump, enabling sports performance evaluation and rectification. Moreover, with the assistance of artificial intelligence in signal processing, different abnormal gaits can be precisely identified by the insole, highlighting the potential for disease diagnosis and rehabilitation. To the best of the knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of a self‐powered TENG insole with a comprehensive perception of normal and shear plantar stress perception, holding promise for applications in sports science and medical research.
Proton Turnover Dominated Cascade Route for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Xie Zhongkai , Luo Hongyun , Xu Shengjie , Li Longhua , Shi Weidong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhotoreduction carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into valuable chemicals is a huge potential to mitigate immoderate CO2 emissions and energy crisis. To date, tremendous attention is concentrated on the improvement of independent CO2 reduction or H2O oxidation behaviors. However, the simultaneous control of efficient electron and hole utilization is still a huge challenge due to the complex cascade redox reactions. Here, a proton turnover exists in the whole CO2 photoreduction process is discovered, which is defined as the pivot to concatenate the hole and electron behaviors. As a demonstration of the concept, the efficient activated hydrogen (*H) production centers of copper (Cu) and rapid hydrogenation centers of nickel (Ni) are coupled by an alloying strategy, and the proton turnover behaviors could be directly determined by adjustment of the molar ratios of CuxNiy. Moreover, Cu3Ni1–TiO2 exhibits the highest electron selectivity of 93.7% for methane (CH4) production with a rate of 175.9 µmol g−1 h−1, while Cu1Ni5–TiO2 reaches up to the highest carbon monoxide (CO) electron selectivity and generation rate at 84.4% and 164.6 µmol g−1 h−1, respectively. Consequently, the experimental and theoretical analysis all clarify the predominate proton turnover effect during the overall CO2 photoreduction process, which directly determines the categories and generated efficiency of C‐based products by regulating variable reaction pathways. Therefore, the revelation of the proton turnover pivot could broaden the new sights by bidirectional optimization of dynamics during the overall CO2 photoreduction system, which favors the efficient, selective, and stable photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2O.
Ionogels: Preparation, Properties and Applications
Authors: Yan Chang‐Cun , Li Weizheng , Liu Ziyang , Zheng Sijie , Hu Yin , Zhou Yingjie , Guo Jiangna , Ou Xu , Li Qingning , Yu Jiangtao , Li Legeng , Yang Mingchen , Liu Qinbo , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIonogels, composed of ionic liquids and supporting networks, possess a plethora of exceptional properties, including nonvolatility, remarkable thermal and electrochemical stability, elevated mechanical strength, as well as outstanding ionic conductivity. Based on these extraordinary characteristics, ionogels have found extensive applications in diverse fields encompassing functional materials, sensors, soft electronics, solid electrolytes, and biomedicine. In recent years, ionogels have witnessed significant advancements and emerged as a highly popular subject matter. Consequently, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress made in the realm of ionogels. The preparation methods of ionogels are initially introduced following a concise introduction. Subsequently, the properties of ionogels, encompassing mechanical properties, high and low temperature resistance, ionic conductivity, stimuli‐response properties, self‐healing properties, recyclability and their structure‐property relationships, are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, recent advancements in the utilization of ionogels in solid electrolytes, ionic skins, soft electronics, adhesions and other domains are also elaborated upon extensively. Finally, after a succinct summary, challenges and prospects regarding the future development of ionogels are thoroughly deliberated.
Moist‐Defined Polymers with Tunable Multisteady Mechano‐Responsiveness Enabled by Imine‐Coordinated Boroxine
Authors: Chen Wenbo , Zhang Kai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties with balanced plasticity and elasticity in hygroscopic materials offer unusual opportunities for their real‐world applications. However, current approaches for tuning their mechanical properties are severely limited by the intrinsic tie between their reversible hydroplasticity and the geometric shapes. Herein, moist‐defined biopolymers with tunable multisteady mechano‐responsiveness, thiolated cellulose 10‐undecenoyl esters cross‐linked with imine‐coordinated boroxine (TCUE‐IBs), are reported. The viscoelastic nature of polymer networks plays the key role in maintaining the geometry of materials with moist‐triggered stress adjustment under various relative humidity. Resulting hydroplasticity enabled by the dual dynamic bonds of boroxine and Schiff base allows shape‐changing on demand after binding sufficient water. Such an unusual equilibrium of plasticity and viscoelasticity within one single biobased polymer system permits unprecedented tunable multisteady mechano‐responsiveness and shape‐changing. At the same time, these mechanical features offer great prospects where water is present for geometric manipulation, such as multifunctional devices in biomedicine and environment.
Traditional Scraping (Gua Sha) Combined with Copper‐Curcumin Nanoparticle Oleogel for Accurate and Multi‐Effective Therapy of Androgenic Alopecia
Authors: Gao Jie , Weng Zhenzhen , Zhang Ze , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Zikang , Pu Xinyue , Yu Simin , Zhong Yanhua , Bai Danmeng , Xin Hongbo , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent systemic disease caused by diverse factors, for which effective treatments are currently limited. Herein, the oleogel (OG) containing copper‐curcumin (CuR) nanoparticles is developed, designated as CuRG, which is also combined with traditional naturopathic scraping (Gua Sha, SCR) as a multifunctional therapy for AGA. With the assistance of lipophilic OG and SCR, CuR can efficaciously penetrate the epidermal and dermal regions where most hair follicles (HFs) reside, thereby releasing curcumin (CR) and copper ions (Cu2+) subcutaneously to facilitate hair regeneration. Concomitantly, the mechanical stimulation induced by SCR promotes the formation of new blood vessels, which is conducive to reshaping the microenvironment of HFs. This study validates that the combination of CuRG and SCR is capable of systematically interfering with different pathological processes, ranging from improvement of perifollicular microenvironment (oxidative stress and insufficient vascularization), regulation of inflammatory responses to degradation of androgen receptor, thus potentiating hair growth. Compared with minoxidil, a widely used clinical drug for AGA therapy, the designed synergistic system displays augmented hair regeneration in the AGA mouse model.
A Novel Conductive Polypyrrole‐Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Exosomes Facilitated Sustained Release for Cardiac Repair
Authors: Yan Changping , Wang Xinzhu , Wang Qi , Li Haiyan , Song Huifang , Zhou Jingli , Peng Zexu , Yin Wenjuan , Fan Xuemei , Yang Kun , Zhou Bingrui , Liang Yuxiang , Jiang Zengyu , Shi Yuwei , Zhang Sanyuan , He Sheng , Li Ren‐Ke , Xie Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMyocardial infarction (MI) results in cardiomyocyte necrosis and conductive system damage, leading to sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Studies have shown that conductive biomaterials can restore cardiac conduction, but cannot facilitate tissue regeneration. This study aims to add regenerative capabilities to the conductive biomaterial by incorporating human endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (hEMSC)‐derived exosomes (hEMSC‐Exo) into poly‐pyrrole‐chitosan (PPY‐CHI), to yield an injectable hydrogel that can effectively treat MI. In vitro, PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo, compared to untreated controls, PPY‐CHI, or hEMSC‐Exo alone, alleviates H2O2‐induced apoptosis and promotes tubule formation, while in vivo, PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo improves post‐MI cardiac functioning, along with counteracting against ventricular remodeling and fibrosis. All these activities are facilitated via increased epidermal growth factor (EGF)/phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling. Furthermore, the conductive properties of PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo are able to resynchronize cardiac electrical transmission to alleviate arrythmia. Overall, PPY‐CHI/hEMSC‐Exo synergistically combines the cardiac regenerative capabilities of hEMSC‐Exo with the conductive properties of PPY‐CHI to improve cardiac functioning, via promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting apoptosis, as well as resynchronizing electrical conduction, to ultimately enable more effective MI treatment. Therefore, incorporating exosomes into a conductive hydrogel provides dual benefits in terms of maintaining conductivity, along with facilitating long‐term exosome release and sustained application of their beneficial effects.
Air‐Stable Li2S Cathodes Enabled by an In Situ‐Formed Li+ Conductor for Graphite‐Li2S Pouch Cells
Authors: Qi Xiaoqun , Jin Xiaoyu , Xu Henghui , Pan Yujun , Yang Fengyi , Zhu Zhenglu , Ji Jie , Jiang Ruining , Du Haoran , Ji Yongsheng , Yang Dan , Qie Long , Huang Yunhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing Li2S cathodes instead of S cathodes presents an opportunity to pair them with Li‐free anodes (e.g., graphite), thereby circumventing anode‐related issues, such as poor reversibility and safety, encountered in Li‐S batteries. However, the moisture‐sensitive nature of Li2S causes the release of hazardous H2S and the formation of insulative by‐products, increasing the manufacturing difficulty and adversely affecting cathode performance. Here, Li4SnS4, a Li+ conductor that is air‐stable according to the hard–soft acid–base principle, is formed in situ and uniformly on Li2S particles because Li2S itself participates in Li4SnS4 formation. When exposed to air (20% relative humidity), the protective Li4SnS4 layer maintains its components and structure, thus contributing to the enhanced stability of the Li2S@Li4SnS4 composite. In addition, the Li4SnS4 layer can accelerate the sluggish conversion of Li2S because of its favorable interfacial charge transfer, and continuously confine lithium polysulfides owing to its integrity during electrochemical processes. A graphite‐Li2S pouch cell containing a Li2S@Li4SnS4 cathode is constructed, which shows stable cyclability with 97% capacity retention after 100 cycles. Hence, combining a desirable air‐stable Li2S cathode and a highly reversible Li‐free configuration offers potential practical applications of graphite‐Li2S full cells.
Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells
Authors: Huynh Marie , Vinck Robin , Gibert Benjamin , Gasser Gilles 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor‐specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off‐target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico‐chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal‐based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor‐specific, nucleus‐targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.