bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Coding in Cortical and Corticothalamic Hierarchical Networks
Authors: Rao Rajesh P. N. , Jiang Linxing Preston , Fisher Ares 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Predictive coding is a theory of cortical function that postulates that “top-down” feedback connections from higher- to lower-order cortical areas convey predictions and modulate lower-level activities, while the “bottom-up” feedforward connections convey prediction errors. These errors are used, via the objective of minimizing prediction errors, to both correct current estimates of the state of the world and adapt synaptic connections to learn a better internal model of the world. This chapter reviews the basic theory of predictive coding and its extension to robust predictive coding, explores the connection to attention, and suggests a possible role for corticothalamic interactions in regulating cortico-cortical flow of information. The authors also summarize more recent theories of predictive coding, called dynamic predictive coding and active predictive coding, which emphasize the importance of hierarchical temporal representations and hierarchical sensorimotor representations in understanding cortical and corticothalamic function.
Mortality and psychosis
Authors: Cohen Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Interest in mortality rates among individuals with severe mental illness began about two centuries ago with a focus on those in asylums. However, with the advent of deinstitutionalization in the mid-1950s, research expanded its focus and began to consider mortality rates among individuals with psychosis living in the community outside institutional contexts. This chapter provides a narrative review of research on mortality and psychosis with a particular focus on research conducted in settings other than Western Europe and North America. In sum, our review suggests that individuals with psychosis, everywhere, are at increased risk of premature mortality, especially from suicide or ‘unnatural deaths’, although medical conditions account for the large majority of deaths. Our review also notes several methodological problems in the research, e.g. inconsistent diagnostic criteria and variation across studies in the nature of samples. Most importantly, the review points to the need for more research in settings outside Northern Europe and North America.
Psychosis, phenomenology, and culture: Welcoming the ‘black box’
Authors: Myers Neely Anne Laurenzo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter builds on an earlier critical review of literature (through 2011) concerning the relationships between culture and schizophrenia. It updates that review with new literature on the influences of culture on all aspects of psychosis (i.e. onset, manifestations, course, and outcome) and literature invoking culture as an explanation for variations in psychosis (i.e. in phenomenology, incidence, course, and outcome) across countries and populations. As an addition to the original review, this chapter also comments on the paucity of literature on the phenomenology of psychosis across cultures and the importance of taking a global perspective to build a complete view of psychotic phenomena and their relation to the cultures in which people live and grow up. It also argues that there is an urgent need for further attention to phenomenology, as well as a plea for re-theorizing the role of culture, at least in part, as a source of ‘moral agency’ that people can use to seek out mental health recovery in locally meaningful ways.
Human rights and psychosis
Authors: Read Ursula M. , Colucci Erminia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter starts with an outline of the history of global initiatives to protect the human rights of people with psychotic illness. This is followed by an overview of three major approaches: legislative reform, community-based mental healthcare, and advocacy. We consider the opportunities and challenges presented by these approaches, specifically in relation to psychosis. The final section describes innovations to address human rights abuses in low-resource settings and three case studies illustrating different approaches including the reform of mental health legislation in Ghana, mental health service user advocacy in Indonesia, and recovery-focused interventions and peer support in Uganda.
Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Hutchinson Gerard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International interest in the epidemiology of psychosis in Caribbean populations emerged because of the high reported rates of psychotic illness among first- and second-generation Caribbean migrants to Britain. This chapter explores the socioenvironmental risk factors for psychosis, including migration, discrimination, and negative social experiences, which are likely to have a cumulative effect to influence the onset and course of psychosis in this population. It also provides an overview of the current evidence of incidence and risk factors in Trinidad and Tobago, outlines the mental health services, and highlights the lack of funding for research and the social stigma associated with psychotic illnesses.
Nigeria
Authors: Gureje Oye , Ojagbemi Akin , Esan Oluyomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the local perspective of psychosis in Nigeria with emphasis on recent research programmes on various aspects of psychosis, descriptions of the treatment systems of psychosis, and the cultural contexts shaping the experience of psychosis. It describes how treatment systems for psychosis in Nigeria include services provided by orthodox mental health practitioners and by traditional and faith healers. The majority of orthodox mental health services are provided by eight neuropsychiatric hospitals, complemented by the departments of psychiatry in teaching hospitals. These hospitals and departments of psychiatry can be regarded as tertiary healthcare facilities. It then explains how traditional and faith healers provide for the mental health needs of a substantial proportion of the population in Nigeria. They are commonly consulted for severe mental health conditions, including psychotic disorders and typically have facilities for both inpatient and outpatient care. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of priorities for future research and service development.
KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Burns Jonathan K. , Chiliza Bonginkosi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
chapter provides an overview of services for and research on psychotic disorders in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) is the second largest province in South Africa with a population of 11.1 million of which 35% are under 15 years of age (Stats SA, 2016). It is diverse, ethnically and religiously. This chapter briefly sketches the current service and research landscape for psychoses in a province in South Africa. There are several important research studies that shed—or promise to shed—light on various aspects of psychoses in a setting characterized by a high prevalence of risks. It provides a roadmap for potential future research.
Physical health of people with intellectual disability across cultures
Authors: Derrer Katerina Denediou , Royston Rachel , Kiani Reza , Chauhan Umesh , Hassiotis Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is proved beyond doubt that people with intellectual disabilities experience higher rates of mental and physical ill-health, as well as excess mortality, often from avoidable causes. Emerging evidence suggests disparities in care for people with intellectual disability based on ethnicity. Poorer care for people from ethnic minority backgrounds may be due to cultural perceptions, interpersonal care barriers, and an increased risk of physical health problems. Current interventions primarily focus on changing attitudes of health professionals, prompting interactions between patients and physicians, or changing the healthcare system and improving care access to improve well-being. However, health research in minority populations within the intellectual disability population is limited. Further efforts are essential to understand disease risk factors and presentation in these groups, and to identify interventions which facilitate help-seeking in patients and their carers.
Culture and therapies
Authors: Drewett Alison , Busch Louis , Cremasco Jessica , Ndigirwa Pauline , Yiu Natalie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the frontline experiences of speech and language therapists, behaviour analysts, and occupational therapists. It draws upon two cultural competency frameworks to explore clinical practices that promote respectful and effective services for individuals with intellectual disability from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therapists come from diverse cultural backgrounds, as do the individuals and families they work with. When applying assessment and treatment modalities across cultures, professionals need to carefully consider the unique cultural contexts of their clients and they may need to adapt their practices to ensure their work is safe, relevant, and effective. This chapter uses two frameworks for understanding and responding to cultural needs. Speech and language therapists and occupational therapists use a model called VISION and behavioural analysts use the Mushquash framework for culturally safe psychological assessment. The models are explored using individual stories throughout this chapter.
Intellectual disability, spirituality, religion, and social inclusion across cultures
Authors: Amiola Ayomipo J. , Khodabux Nusra , Peerally Mohammad Farhad , Temple Phil , Bunn Rosie , Kuruppuarachchi K.A.L.A. , Roy Meera , Hollins Sheila , Alexander Regi T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spirituality and religion are not synonymous. The former is described as that aspect of life that gives it its ‘humanness’ while the latter is concerned with socially and traditionally shared beliefs and experience, including personal and subjective dimensions. Both play a significant role in many cultures. Although some religious beliefs are not conducive to the inclusion of people with disabilities and their families in society’s mainstream, spirituality has been widely seen to play important roles in the lives of many people with intellectual disability and their families. This chapter examines the approaches to intellectual disability and social inclusion within the world’s major religious faiths.
Asteroids co-orbital motion classification based on Machine Learning
Authors: Ciacci Giulia , Barucci Andrea , Di Ruzza Sara , Alessi Elisa Maria 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we explore how to classify asteroids in co-orbital motion with a given planet using Machine Learning. We consider four different kinds of motion in mean motion resonance with the planet, nominally Tadpole at L4 and L5, Horseshoe and Quasi-Satellite, building three data sets defined as Real (taking the ephemerides of real asteroids from the JPL Horizons system), Ideal and Perturbed (both simulated, obtained by propagating initial conditions considering two different dynamical systems) for training and testing the Machine Learning algorithms in different conditions. The time series of the variable θ (angle related to the resonance) are studied with a data analysis pipeline defined ad hoc for the problem and composed by: data creation and annotation, time series features extraction thanks to the tsfresh package (potentially followed by selection and standardization) and the application of Machine Learning algorithms for Dimensionality Reduction and Classification. Such approach, based on features extracted from the time series, allows to work with a smaller number of data with respect to Deep Learning algorithms, also allowing to define a ranking of the importance of the features. Physical interpretability of the features is another key point of this approach. In addition, we introduce the SHapley Additive exPlanations for Explainability technique. Different training and test sets are used, in order to understand the power and the limits of our approach. The results show how the algorithms are able to identify and classify correctly the time series, with a high degree of performance.
Detecting Cosmic 21 cm global signal using an improved polynomial fitting algorithm
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Gu Junhua , Guo Quan , Shan Huanyuan , Zheng Qian , Wang Jingying 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Detecting the cosmic 21 cm signal from epoch of reionization has always been a difficult task. Although the Galactic foreground can be regarded as a smooth power-law spectrum, due to the chromaticity of the antenna, additional structure will be introduced into the global spectrum, making the polynomial fitting algorithm perform poorly. In this paper, we introduce an improved polynomial fitting algorithm – the Vari-Zeroth-Order Polynomial (VZOP) fitting and use it to fit the simulation data. This algorithm is developed for the upcoming low-frequency anechoic chamber experiment, yet it is a general method suitable for application in any single antenna-based global 21 cm signal experiment. VZOP defines a 24-h averaged beam model that brings information about the antenna beam into the polynomial model. Assuming that the beam can be measured, VZOP can successfully recover the 21 cm absorption feature, even if the beam is extremely frequency-dependent. In real observations, due to various systematics, the corrected measured beam contains residual errors that are not completely random. Assuming the errors are frequency-dependent, VZOP is capable of recovering the 21 cm absorption feature even when the error reaches 10 per cent. Even in the most extreme scenario where the errors are completely random, VZOP can at least give a fitting result that is not worse than the common polynomial fitting. In conclusion, the fitting effect of VZOP depends on the structure of the error and the accuracy of the beam measurement.
Unraveling parameter degeneracy in GRB data analysis
Authors: Garcia-Cifuentes Keneth , Becerra Rosa Leticia , De Colle Fabio , Vargas Felipe 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow light curves and spectra provide information about the density of the environment, the energy of the explosion, the properties of the particle acceleration process, and the structure of the decelerating jet. Due to the large number of parameters involved, the model can present a certain degree of parameter degeneracy. In this paper, we generated synthetic photometric data points using a standard GRB afterglow model and fit them using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. This method has emerged as the preferred approach for analysing and interpreting data in astronomy. We show that, depending on the choice of priors, the parameter degeneracy can go unnoticed by the MCMC method. Furthermore, we apply the MCMC method to analyse the GRB 170817A afterglow. We find that there is a complete degeneracy between the energy of the explosion E, the density of the environment n, and the microphysical parameters describing the particle acceleration process (e.g. ϵe and ϵB), which cannot be determined by the afterglow light curve alone. Our results emphasize the importance of gaining a deep understanding of the degeneracy properties which can be present in GRB afterglows models, as well as the limitations of the MCMC method. In the case of GRB 170817, we get the following values for the physical parameters: E = 8 × 1050–1 × 1053 erg, n = 7 × 10−5–9 × 10−3, ϵe = 10−3–0.3, ϵB = 10−10–0.3.
Uncommon SN 2020jfo: ordinary explosion of 8 M⊙ red supergiant with dense wind
Authors: Utrobin V P , Chugai N N 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We present the hydrodynamic model of Type IIP SN 2020jfo with the unusually short (∼60 d) light-curve plateau. The model suggests the explosion of ≈8 M⊙ red supergiant that ejected ≈6 M⊙ with the energy of ≈0.8 × 1051 erg. The pre-supernova wind density turns out highest among known SNe IIP. Yet the pre-supernova was not embedded into a very dense confined circumstellar shell that is a feature of some Type IIP supernovae, so the circumstellar interaction in close environment does not contribute noticeably to the initial (∼10 d) bolometric luminosity. Despite uncommon appearance SN 2020jfo turns out similar to SN 1970G in the V-band light curve, photospheric velocities, and, possibly, luminosity as well.
The transporter PHO84/NtPT1 is a target of aluminum to affect phosphorus absorption in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana tabacum L.
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Zhang Shixuan , Chen Ranran , Zhu Qian , Shi Ping , Shen Yuhu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The molecular mechanism of aluminum toxicity in biological systems is not completely understood. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the most used model organisms in the study of environmental metal toxicity. Using an unbiased metallomic approach in yeast, we found that aluminum treatment caused phosphorus deprivation, and the lack of phosphorus increased as the pH of the environment decreased compared to the control strain. By screening the phosphate signaling and response pathway (PHO pathway) in yeast with the synthetic lethality of a new phosphorus-restricted aluminum-sensitive gene, we observed that pho84Δ mutation conferred severe growth defect to aluminum under low-phosphorus conditions, and the addition of phosphate alleviated this sensitivity. Subsequently, the data showed that PHO84 determined the intracellular aluminum-induced phosphorus deficiency, and the expression of PHO84 was positively correlated with aluminum stress, which was mediated by phosphorus through the coordinated regulation of PHO4/PHO2. Moreover, aluminum reduced phosphorus absorption and inhibited tobacco plant growth in acidic media. In addition, the high-affinity phosphate transporter NtPT1 in tobacco exhibited similar effects to PHO84, and overexpression of NtPT1 conferred aluminum resistance in yeast cells. Taken together, positive feedback regulation of the PHO pathway centered on the high-affinity phosphate transporters is a highly conservative mechanism in response to aluminum toxicity. The results may provide a basis for aluminum-resistant microorganisms or plant engineering and acidic soil treatment.
A conserved nutrient responsive axis mediates autophagic degradation of miRNA–mRNA hybrids in blood cell progenitors
Authors: Ghosh Sushmit , Chakraborti Sreemoyee , Devi Devki , Sahu Rajesh , Mandal Sudip , Mandal Lolitika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In animals, microRNAs are amongst the primary non-coding RNAs involved in regulating the gene expression of a cell. Most mRNAs in a cell are targeted by one or many miRNAs. Although several mechanisms can be attributed to the degradation of miRNA and mRNA within a cell, but the involvement of autophagy in the clearance of miRNA and its target mRNA is not known. We discover a leucine-responsive axis in blood cell progenitors that can mediate an autophagy-directed degradation of miRNA-bound mRNA in Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens. This previously unknown miRNA clearance axis is activated upon amino acid deprivation that can traffic miRNA–mRNA-loaded Argonaute for autophagic degradation in a p62-dependent manner. Thus, our research not only reports a novel axis that can address the turnover of a catalytically active miRISC but also elucidates a slicer-independent mechanism through which autophagy can selectively initiate the clearance of target mRNA.
An improved method for the highly specific detection of transcription start sites
Authors: Seki Masahide , Kuze Yuta , Zhang Xiang , Kurotani Ken-ichi , Notaguchi Michitaka , Nishio Haruki , Kudoh Hiroshi , Suzaki Takuya , Yoshida Satoko , Sugano Sumio , Matsushita Tomonao , Suzuki Yutaka 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Precise detection of the transcriptional start site (TSS) is a key for characterizing transcriptional regulation of genes and for annotation of newly sequenced genomes. Here, we describe the development of an improved method, designated ‘TSS-seq2.’ This method is an iterative improvement of TSS-seq, a previously published enzymatic cap-structure conversion method to detect TSSs in base sequences. By modifying the original procedure, including by introducing split ligation at the key cap-selection step, the yield and the accuracy of the reaction has been substantially improved. For example, TSS-seq2 can be conducted using as little as 5 ng of total RNA with an overall accuracy of 96%; this yield a less-biased and more precise detection of TSS. We then applied TSS-seq2 for TSS analysis of four plant species that had not yet been analyzed by any previous TSS method.
Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the diagnosis, prevalence, and impact of bipolar disorder (BPD). Religion’s influence on BPD through environmental and social pathways are examined. The possibility of religious delusions and hallucinations in BPD are acknowledged. The heart of this chapter, though, is a review of systematic research that has examined the relationship between religious involvement and BPD. The greatest weakness of most of this research is that more than 90% is cross-sectional, with few prospective studies and few if any randomized controlled trials. The authors find that in religious areas of the world (such as Brazil and India), religiosity and symptoms of bipolar disorder are closely intertwined, and in some cases, religiosity may conflict with and interfere with pharmacological treatment of the disorder. Finally, the chapter discusses clinical applications, including taking a careful spiritual history and supporting nonpathological religious beliefs and activities. Religious support and counsel by religious professionals are also emphasized.
Psychological Well-Being and Positive Emotions
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between religiosity and positive emotions. It first reviews predictors of psychological well-being, examining various psychological theories of well-being that involve demographic factors, genetic influences, satisfaction of goals, and cognitive processes having to do with reference points in comparison to others. Next, it examines the impact of well-being on health more generally, including effects on social relationships, work performance, and psychological resilience, as well as on physical health and longevity. The authors then theorize how and why religion might impact psychological well-being, and review research examining the relationship between religiosity and psychological well-being, purpose and meaning in life, optimism, hope, gratitude, and self-esteem. The chapter concludes by providing recommendations for future research and describing clinical applications for mental health and religious professionals.
Marital and Family Stability
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , VanderWeele Tyler J. , Peteet John R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Healthy personality characteristics, good mental and physical health during adulthood, future social relationships, prosocial values, and risk of delinquency/crime are heavily influenced by the family environment. This chapter opens with a discussion of increasing divorce rates, and an examination of predictors of divorce (cohabitation, premarital sex, non-marital parity, socioeconomic factors, unstable parents) and the health consequences of divorce on adults and children. Next, predictors of family stability and functioning are examined, followed by a case vignette of a couple with marital conflict. The chapter then reviews the teachings of religious faith traditions on marriage, divorce, and the importance of family and children, speculating on what effect religious involvement might have on marital and family stability. Next, the chapter reviews research on the effects of religiosity on divorce, quality of the marital relationship, family stability, child abuse, and domestic violence. Finally, applications in the clinic and community are discussed and recommendations made.