bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stabilization of ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes with decreasing aspect ratio through major or minor radius in tokamaks
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Han H.S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the conventional tokamak with a high aspect ratio (A), turbulent transport is known to be dominated by the ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes, such as the ion temperature gradient (ITG) or trapped electron mode (TEM). When tokamak type changes from the conventional to the spherical one by decreasing A, these modes are often observed to be stabilized, making turbulent transport then dominated by the electron-scale mode or the electromagnetic ones, such as the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) or micro-tearing mode. Here, a modeling study is presented on how the ion-scale electrostatic drift-type modes are linearly stabilized when A decreases through major or minor radius in the s–α equilibrium model. Especially, following two mechanisms are newly identified to play an important role in the linear stabilization. One is the enhancement of the threshold temperature gradients for the ITG and TEM. This enhancement occurs clearly when A decreases through the major radius, but is also effectively possible when A is reduced though the minor radius. The other is the increment of the ballooning force parameter α which roughly varies in proportion to 1/A
2 when we assume a fixed safety-factor profile. This increment enhances the linear electromagnetic and Shafranov-shift effects, which provide additional stabilization for the ITG and TEM, respectively. With the increment of α, the standard KBM can be excited at a smaller pressure gradient, but it is expected to have the 2nd stability regime access if plasma shape is strong, as typically taken in the low A spherical tokamaks. As shown in the recent simulation work by Kennedy et al (2023 Nucl. Fusion
63 126061), however, the hybrid-KBM may be excited in the low A, high beta plasmas, and a brief discussion is given about its possible origin in terms of the present modeling results.
Exploring spatial dose information in the parotid gland for xerostomia prediction and local dose patterns in head and neck cancer radiotherapy
Authors: Chao Ming , Tomalin Lewis , Wei Jie , Liu Tian , Zhang Jiahan , Liu Jerry , Peñagarícano José A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose. To investigate the relationship between spatial parotid dose and the risk of xerostomia in patients undergoing head-and-neck cancer radiotherapy, using machine learning (ML) methods. Methods. Prior to conducting voxel-based ML analysis of the spatial dose, two steps were taken: (1) The parotid dose was standardized through deformable image registration to a reference patient; (2) Bilateral parotid doses were regrouped into contralateral and ipsilateral portions depending on their proximity to the gross tumor target. Individual dose voxels were input into six commonly used ML models, which were tuned with ten-fold cross validation: random forest (RF), ridge regression (RR), support vector machine (SVM), extra trees (ET), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and naïve Bayes (NB). Binary endpoints from 240 patients were used for model training and validation: 0 (N = 119) for xerostomia grades 0 or 1, and 1 (N = 121) for grades 2 or higher. Model performance was evaluated using multiple metrics, including accuracy, F1 score, areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves (auROC), and area under the precision–recall curves (auPRC). Dose voxel importance was assessed to identify local dose patterns associated with xerostomia risk. Results. Four models, including RF, SVM, ET, and NB, yielded average auROCs and auPRCs greater than 0.60 from ten-fold cross-validation on the training data, except for a lower auROC from NB. The first three models, along with kNN, demonstrated higher accuracy and F1 scores. A bootstrapping analysis confirmed test uncertainty. Voxel importance analysis from kNN indicated that the posterior portion of the ipsilateral gland was more predictive of xerostomia, but no clear patterns were identified from the other models. Conclusion. Voxel doses as predictors of xerostomia were confirmed with some ML classifiers, but no clear regional patterns could be established among these classifiers, except kNN. Further research with a larger patient dataset is needed to identify conclusive patterns.
The assessment of change in human heat stress risk in Brazil projected by the CMIP6 models
Authors: Gohar Laila K , Bernie Dan , Wilson Damian , Willett Kate , Betts Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Climate change in Brazil is expected to increase the occurrences of heat related conditions hazardous to human health. Thresholds in the environmental conditions leading to heat stress in humans are projected to be exceeded for long periods of the year across large parts of the country. We analyse future changes in the frequency of exceeding heat stress related thresholds during the hottest part of the day as measured by the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and using the CMIP6 climate projections. Thresholds that require significant reduction in physical activity are estimated to be exceeded for most of northern Brazilian if the increase in global temperature reaches 2 °C. These exceedances are projected to occur for the hottest part of the day for at least four months of the year. Reducing global temperature rise to 1.5 °C would lessen the impact seen in the northern states. If the temperature rise exceeds 3 °C, then almost the entire country at some point in the year will have levels of WBGT that would pose a high risk to health for people undertaking physical activity. Furthermore, 8% of the population will be affected for almost half of the year. The states of Amazonas, Amapa, Acre, Maranhao, Para and Roraima are most prone to experiencing high levels of WBGT and will be the first to experience WBGT levels that are too high for intense physical activity for more than 9 months if global temperature reaches 3 °C. High levels of WBGT will have significant impact on workers in rural areas. Adaptive policies for the agricultural areas of Brazil will need to consider the impact of heat stress rendering large regions of the country unsuitable for outdoor work for large parts of the year. This will be true even at global warming levels of 2 °C for northern and central Brazil.
General Diagnostic Requirements and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Mulder Roger T , Bach Bo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ICD-11’s general diagnostic requirements for personality disorders, along with guidelines for differential diagnosis, will be outlined and explained in this chapter. We initially describe what personality is, followed by the historical background of disordered personality, including traditional personality disorder types from ICD-6 to ICD-10. Subsequently, we highlight the significant role of personality disorder for co-occurring mental disorders, and how they can be naturally intertwined or interact with one another. Finally, we provide ICD-11–based guidelines and considerations for boundaries with other mental disorders, which include autism spectrum disorder, schizotypal disorder, bipolar disorder and cyclothymia, Complex PTSD, secondary personality change, ADHD, dissociative identity disorder, dysthymic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, OCD, conduct-dissocial disorder, substance abuse and other addiction problems, and various impulse control disorders.
Maladaptive Social Cognition and Perspective-Taking
Authors: Bo Sune , Sharp Carla , Lind Majse 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this chapter we argue that social cognition, or mentalization, is significantly related to personality disorder (PD) as operationalized in the ICD-11. We present evidence that links maladaptive social cognition to PD and suggests mentalizing as a potential marker for psychopathology and personality dysfunction in general. We propose that a core defining feature of PD as defined in the ICD-11 operationalization, is maladaptive mentalizing, including the capacity to understand others “perspectives.” The model we suggest further extends the idea on the role of social cognition and mentalization in PD and links maladaptive mentalizing to epistemic mistrust, social hypervigilance, and interpersonal dysfunction.
Dissociative and Psychotic Features
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Thomson Madelyn , Kaess Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dissociative and psychotic symptoms are transdiagnostic phenomena that frequently co-occur in individuals with personality disorder (PD). They are associated with heightened levels of psychopathology, psychosocial impairments, and an increased risk of self-harm, and can interfere with therapy progress. Therefore, they should be routinely assessed, using standardized measures. Psychotherapy is the first-line treatment for dissociative and psychotic symptoms in individuals with PD. While there is increasing evidence for the efficacy of cognitive- and dialectical-behavioral interventions for dissociative symptoms, further research is needed regarding the treatment of psychotic symptoms in individuals with PD. This chapter provides an overview of the conceptualization of dissociative and psychotic symptoms within the ICD-11 classification of PD and its empirical foundation, explores early trauma as a potential shared etiological factor, and discusses the assessment and treatment of dissociative and psychotic symptoms in PD, including the challenges of differential diagnosis.
Self-Harm Behavior
Authors: Di Leone Flavio , Liljedahl Sophie I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Self-harm is a multifaceted behavior, common to several mental disorders. The complexity of self-harm increases when it is associated with personality disorders (PD), as difficulty regulating emotions and oneself in relation to others can increase the risk of long-standing consequences to the individual and the environment. The International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11), provides a unique framework for understanding self-harm within the context of PD, emphasizing the risk factors associated with the PD rather than solely focusing on the type or severity of self-harm behavior. This chapter explores the intricate relationship between self-harm and PD through the lens of the ICD-11 classification system, including consideration of risk, severity, and management strategies.
Futurist totality and intermediality
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explains how Futurism altered representational strategies and shattered entrenched aesthetic classifications. The introduction of extraneous elements into Futurist painting and sculpture reflected a wider impetus to eliminate boundaries between media. The chapter explains how medium specificity reflects the notion that artistic media bear formal and material characteristics proper to their respective formats, from which they dare not depart nor share with any other—a principle which Futurism defied from the start. It elaborates on the complexity of the relationship of Futurist totality to Fascist totalitarianism. Futurism helped incite the Fascist cult of youth, virility, and nationalism, underlining the consequence of physical performance and spectacle to political ends.
Empire, race, war (again)
Authors: Merjian Ara H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses Futurism’s relationship to the Fascist regime as it pursued imperial ambitions and eventually entered into a second World War. It notes how Futurism raised eyebrows abroad in the 1930s for its seemingly obsequious deference to Fascist doctrine. Futurism enjoyed a modicum of institutional clout and Filippo Tommaso Marinetti facilitated the state’s purchase of Futurist works from the Venice Biennale. The chapter then explains how the Fascist reappropriation of imperial history began in earnest with the founding of the Institute for Roman Studies in 1925. It considers the extent of Futurism’s influence upon Mussolini’s regime, which ignored Futurism’s cultural injunctions against museums and the cult of classicism.
Catholicism as Musical Discourse
Authors: Gordon Catherine E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study reveals the important role that French-language sacred songs, as discursive products written primarily for women, played in the evolution of the Catholic Reform over the long seventeenth century and the need to convert the lay women to a life of piety. Whether contrafacta of secular songs or newly composed texts and music, sacred songs (cantiques, airs spirituel, or airs de devotion) were non-liturgical and written primarily by clergymen. The songs gave voice to various, even contradictory, interpretations of Catholicism. Some texts were educational, some expressed a “female religiosity” focusing on love for Jesus and God, and some expressed Jansenist/rigorist notions regarding sin and penitence. The intended public—women—determined the repertory’s discursive properties: messages communicated, language used, prescribed function(s), and musical features. An analysis of the repertory over time reflects transformations within the church linked to religious, political, and social/cultural trends: the wars of religion, the fight against libertinism, Louis XIV’s relationship with the church, the need to convert female courtiers to a life of piety, the condemnation of mysticism, the rise and fall of Jansenism, the need for female educational institutions, and an increasing public interest in connecting religious devotion with pleasurable entertainments. Although the songs’ styles and lyrics changed over time, the power of music as one of the most important discursive modes of communication during the Catholic Reform remained the same. By enhancing beyond measure the meaning and emotional impact of any lyric, music was indispensable for the internalization and strengthening of one’s devotion to Catholicism.
Introduction
Authors: Gordon Catherine E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 addresses the importance of French-language seventeenth-century sacred songs as discursive tools used during the Catholic Reform to stop the spread of Protestantism and to convert members of the laity, especially women, to a life of religious devotion. By catering to women’s tastes and experiences through their style—easy to sing and memorable—and their function—recreational, educational, and/or devotional—sacred songs were to replace their secular counterparts. Various theoretical parameters that form the basis of the analysis of the repertory are presented: (1) the application of “discursive institutionalization”—how different collections of sacred songs gave voice and meaning to important issues and controversies within the Church that evolved over the century; and (2) the application of feminist theories—such as “gender paradox,” “standpoint theory,” “bifurcation consciousness,” and “institutional ethnography,” that demonstrate the impact of the Catholic Reform on women’s lives both as active proponents and as targeted objects of the Reform.
How Dictator Clubs Shield from External Pressure
Authors: Debre Maria J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 7 analyzes how dictator clubs help to decrease the cost of international sanctions in a most-similar system design by shielding members from negative material and diplomatic consequences. The chapter shows how the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our Americas (ALBA) and further regional actors protected Nicaraguan President Ortega from international pressure when engaging in costly survival strategies ranging from electoral manipulation to protest repression. At the same time, neighboring Honduras was faced with international pressure from the Organization of American States (OAS), the United States, and the European Union that helped to put an end to a period of autocratization.
Identifying critical windows of susceptibility to perinatal lead exposure on child serum vaccine antibody levels
Authors: Colicino Elena , Feiler Marina Oktapodas , Austin Christine , Rosa Maria José , McRae Nia , Quataert Sally A , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Téllez-Rojo Martha M , Lamadrid-Figueroa Hector , Tavarez Zahira Quinones , Shim Youn K , Arora Manish , Wright Robert O , Jusko Todd A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background: Mounting evidence suggests that early-life lead exposure alters immune system functions, including T-cell dependent antibody responses to childhood immunizations. However, no studies have identified critical windows of susceptibility to lead exposure.
Aim: To identify perinatal critical windows of lead exposure that are associated with antibody responses to anti-MMR (anti-measles, -mumps, and –rubella virus) and anti-DTP (anti-diphtheria, -tetanus, and -pertussis toxoids) vaccinations in Hispanic school-aged (mean± standard deviation: 4.8±0.6 years) children.
Methods: Weekly lead exposure—from 16 weeks before to 14 weeks after birth—was measured in deciduous teeth from 271 children enrolled in the PROGRESS study. Serum levels of anti-MMR and anti-DTP antibodies were measured by a Luminex-multiplexed-microbead-array immunoassay. Time-varying associations between log2–transformed dentine lead concentrations and log2–transformed antibody levels were estimated by fitting distributed lag non-linear models.
Results: A two-fold higher dentine lead concentration in the first three weeks postpartum was associated with an average -4.29% lower anti-tetanus level (95%confidence interval(CI):-8.22,-0.20). A perinatal (one week before to one week after birth) critical window of lead exposure demonstrated an average -3.44% (95%CI:-7.05;0.30) lower anti-diphtheria antibody level.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that early-life lead exposure may contribute to immune dysfunction by reducing children’s antibody responses to scheduled vaccinations.
Estimating the Observability of an Outcome from an Electronic Health Records Dataset Using External Data
Authors: Yan Mengying , Hong Hwanhee , Wilson Jonathan , Goldstein Benjamin A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One of the key limitations of electronic health records (EHR) data is that not all health care encounters are observed. The degree to which patient information is captured is referred to as observability. Poor observability, and in particular differential observability, can lead to biased estimates and inference. As such, understanding the degree of observability is important in EHR based studies. In this study, we propose using external data with known observability to assess the degree of overall observability in EHR. We also construct a test for differential observability in the target EHR dataset. Using principles from the transportability literature, we show that we can use a balancing score based weight to estimate the observability of our target outcome. We conduct a series of simulation experiments to understand the conditions under which dataset features must be required to obtain proper inference. To illustrate this, we consider hospital readmissions among patients with end stage renal disease as our outcome of interest. We use administrative claims data, where the outcome is fully observed, as our external data.
Challenges and opportunities of developing bioinformatics platforms in Africa: the case of BurkinaBioinfo at Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Burkina Faso
Authors: Tibiri Ezechiel B , Boua Palwende R , Soulama Issiaka , Dubreuil-Tranchant Christine , Tando Ndomassi , Tollenaere Charlotte , Brugidou Christophe , Nanema Romaric K , Tiendrebeogo Fidèle 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bioinformatics, an interdisciplinary field combining biology and computer science, enables meaningful information to be extracted from complex biological data. The exponential growth of biological data, driven by high-throughput omics technologies and advanced sequencing methods, requires robust computational resources. Worldwide, bioinformatics skills and computational clusters are essential for managing and analysing large-scale biological datasets across health, agriculture, and environmental science, which are crucial for the African continent. In Burkina Faso, the establishment of bioinformatics infrastructure has been a gradual process. Initial training initiatives between 2015-2016, including bioinformatics courses and the establishment of the BurkinaBioinfo (BBi) platform, marked significant progress. Over 250 scientists have been trained at diverse levels in bioinformatics, 105 user accounts have been created for high-performance computing access. Operational since 2019, this platform has significantly facilitated training programs for scientists and system administrators in west Africa, covering data production, introductory bioinformatics, phylogenetic analysis, and metagenomics. Financial and technical support from various sources has facilitated the rapid development of the platform to meet the growing need for bioinformatics analysis, particularly in conjunction with local 'wet labs'. Establishing a bioinformatics cluster in Burkina Faso involved identifying the needs of researchers, selecting appropriate hardware and installing the necessary bioinformatics tools. At present, the main challenges for the BBi platform include ongoing staff training in bioinformatics skills and high-level IT infrastructure management in the face of growing infrastructure demands. Despite these challenges, the establishment of a bioinformatics platform in Burkina Faso offers significant opportunities for scientific research and economic development in the country.
Unravelling the complex pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Frew John W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a complex inflammatory disease, with rapid advances being made in our understanding of the complex immunological pathogenesis of the condition. New insights into the genomic landscape of HS have identified a number of genes that contribute to the development of HS in a polygenic manner, contributing to inflammatory dysregulation and alterations in epidermal stem cell fate in the follicular unit. These genomic variations can explain unique aspects of the disease such as the development and presence of epithelialized tunnels and abnormalities in wound healing. From genetic and translational studies, it is likely that these genetic alterations predispose to an innate immune dysregulation that can be triggered through sex hormone-responsive transcription factors with hormonal changes such as puberty, pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. The role of sex hormones in HS also has direct effects upon the development and maturation of inflammatory cells such as monocytes, which has the potential to explain differential patient response to treatments such as interleukin-23 antagonism. The role of adipose tissue as an active immunological organ also plays a role in the immune dysregulation seen in the disease. Fibrotic tissue and immunologically active fibroblasts play a significant role in the perpetuation of inflammation and development of adaptive immune dysfunction in the disease. The cutaneous and gut microbiomes play significant roles in the activation of innate immunity, although conflicting data exist as to their central or peripheral role in disease pathogenesis. Overall, our understanding of disease pathogenesis in HS is moving toward a more nuanced, complex paradigm in which patient heterogeneity in presentation and immunological characteristics are moving closer to the identification of therapeutic biomarkers to guide therapeutic modalities in the management of this burdensome condition.