bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybrid finite volume method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics approach for efficient and accurate blast simulations
Authors: Myers Conner , Musk Jeffrey , Palmer Todd , Palmer Camille 
Published: January 2024

Modeling strong shock waves in fluids remains a persistent challenge in computational physics. Essential to research efforts in industry and defense, numerous methods have been devised to improve the accuracy and efficiency of shock simulations. A novel, hybrid Finite Volume Method (FVM)-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) approach is capable of further improving efficiency and retaining accuracy by exploiting the favorable characteristics of each respective method. This hybrid approach is presented for shock capturing in compressible fluids. The Python framework Pyro2 is employed to simulate a coarse FVM mesh, while the Python framework PySPH is utilized to model the fluid in regions with high gradients through SPH particles. The performance of the hybrid FVM-SPH scheme, compared to the individual FVM and SPH methods, is assessed in 1 kt and 10 kt blast simulations. Our results indicate that the hybrid approach offers higher computational efficiency than SPH while preserving its accuracy and characteristics. The hybrid approach had a relative speedup of 11.3x and 22.3x over the FVM and SPH approaches for the 1 kt simulation and a relative speedup of 14.7x and 20.9x over the FVM and SPH approaches for the 10 kt simulation. The hybrid SPH algorithm enables future compressible fluid simulations with more extensive capabilities than grid-based methods alone, presenting potential applications in modeling fluid-structure interactions and solid deformation and fracturing in blast simulations.
Differential impact of heat and hypoxia on dynamic oxygen uptake and deoxyhemoglobin parameters during incremental exhaustive exercise
Authors: Geng Zhizhong , Wang Jinhao , Cao Guohuan , Tan Chenhao , Li Longji , Qiu Jun 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between the dynamic changes in oxygen uptake (V˙O2) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) and peripheral fatigue in athletes during incremental exhaustive exercise under different environmental conditions, including high temperature and humidity environment, hypoxic environment, and normal conditions.Methods: 12 male modern pentathlon athletes were recruited and performed incremental exhaustive exercise in three different environments: normal condition (23°C, 45%RH, FiO2 = 21.0%, CON), high temperature and humidity environment (35°C, 70%RH, FiO2 = 21.0%, HOT), and hypoxic environment (23°C, 45%RH, FiO2 = 15.6%, HYP). Gas metabolism data of the athletes were collected, and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) and total hemoglobin content in the vastus lateralis muscles (VL) were measured to calculate the deoxyhemoglobin content. Linear and nonlinear function models were used to fit the characteristic parameters of V˙O2 and HHb changes.Results: The results showed that compared to the CON, V˙O2, V˙CO2, and exercise time were decreased in the HOT and HYP (p &lt; 0.05). ΔEV˙O2 and OUES were reduced in the HOT and HYP compared to the CON (p &lt; 0.05). The Gas exchange threshold in the CON corresponded to higher V˙O2 than in the HYP and HOT (p &lt; 0.05). ΔEV˙O2‐1 was reduced in the HOT compared to the HYP (p &lt; 0.05). ΔEHHb was higher in the HOT compared to the CON (p &lt; 0.05). ΔEHHb-1 was increased in the HYP compared to the CON (p &lt; 0.05). There was a negative correlation between ΔEHHb and corresponding V˙O2⁡max in the HOT (r = −0.655, p &lt; 0.05), and a negative correlation between ΔEHHb-1 and corresponding V˙O2⁡max in the HYP (r = −0.606, p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: Incremental exhaustive exercise in hypoxic environment and high temperature and humidity environments inhibits gas exchange and oxygen supply to skeletal muscle tissue in athletes. For athletes, the accelerated deoxygenation response of skeletal muscles during incremental exhaustive exercise in high temperature and humidity environments, as well as the excessive deoxygenation response before BP of deoxyhemoglobin in hypoxic environment, may be contributing factors to peripheral fatigue under different environmental conditions.
The sex effect on balance control while standing on vestibular-demanding tasks with/without vestibular simulations: implication for sensorimotor training for future space missions
Authors: Zhang Li , Qin Chao , Chien Jung Hung 
Published: January 2024

Background: Anatomical differences between sexes in the vestibular system have been reported. It has also been demonstrated that there is a sex difference in balance control while standing on vestibular-demanding tasks. In 2024, NASA expects to send the first female to the Moon. Therefore, to extend the current knowledge, this study attempted to examine whether different sexes respond differently to vestibular-disrupted and vestibular-demanding environments.Method: A total of fifteen males and fifteen females participated in this study. The vestibular function was quantified through different SOT conditions (SOT1: baseline; SOT5: vestibular demanding by standing with blindfolded and sway reference surface). The vestibular stimulation (VS) was applied either unilaterally or bilaterally to vestibular system to induce the sensory-conflicted and challenging tasks. Thus, a total of 6 conditions (2 SOT conditions X 3 VSs: no-VS, unilateral VS, and bilateral VS) were randomly given to these participants. Three approaches can be quantified the balance control: 1) the performance ratio (PR) of center of gravity trajectories (CoG), 2) the sample entropy measure (SampEn) of CoG, and 3) the total traveling distance of CoG. A mixed three-way repeated ANOVA measure was used to determine the interaction among the sex effect, the effect of SOT, and the effect of VS on balance control.Results: A significant sex effect on balance control was found in the PR of CoG in the anterior-posterior (AP) direction (p = 0.026) and in the SampEn of CoG in both AP and medial-lateral (ML) directions (p = 0.025, p &lt; 0.001, respectively). Also, a significant interaction among the sex effect, the effect of SOT, and the effect of VS on balance control was observed in PR of CoG in the ML direction (p &lt; 0.001), SampEn of CoG in the AP and ML directions (p = 0.002, p &lt; 0.001, respectively), and a traveling distance in AP direction (p = 0.041).Conclusion: The findings in the present study clearly revealed the necessity to take sex effect into consideration while standing in vestibular-perturbed or/and vestibular demanding tasks. Also, the results in the present study could be a fundamental reference for future sensorimotor training.
Unveiling the links between physical activity, self-identity, social anxiety, and emotional eating among overweight and obese young adults
Authors: Wang Huilin , He Xianyi , Tang Yiwei , Tang Jiaxin , Yang Jingyu 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionEmotional eating not only contributes to physical obesity but also leads to the experience of guilt and shame, exacerbating emotional problems. Increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet, and seeking psychological support help improve emotional eating issues in overweight or obese young adults, enhancing overall mental and physical well-being.MethodsThis study investigates the correlation between physical activity, self-identity, social anxiety, and emotional eating among 373 overweight and obese college students aged 18–26 in central China. By utilizing AMOS v.26, a structural equation model was constructed to examine the hypotheses.ResultsThe findings reveal that physical activity significantly influences self-identity and social anxiety, which, in turn, significantly impact emotional eating. Moreover, self-identity and social anxiety serve as mediators in the relationship between physical activity and emotional eating. These results emphasize the role of physical activity in mitigating emotional eating among young individuals struggling with overweight and obesity.DiscussionConsequently, the government and relevant agencies are urged to address the issue of obesity among young adults and provide support for their engagement in physical activity.
Psychological correlates of body dissatisfaction in Swiss youth over a one-year study-period
Authors: Mueller Verena M. , Forrer Felicitas , Meyer Andrea H. , Munsch Simone 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIt is well known that young individuals often report pronounced negative perceptions and attitudes towards their own body or intense fear of being not muscular enough. There is much less data available, however, on the role of psychological mechanisms on these perceptions and attitudes, such as emotion regulation difficulties, correlates of alexithymia, and appearance-related rejection sensitivity.MethodsWe therefore set out to assess associations between these psychological mechanisms, and body image as well as muscle dysmorphic symptoms. Our sample was recruited as part of a larger-scale study aiming at assessing correlates of mental health (with a focus on eating disorder symptoms) in German speaking Switzerland. The first wave (T1), starting in April 2021, included 605 participants (80% female, 19.6 ± 2.5 years) who completed the online-questionnaire and were reassessed in a second wave (T2), one year later.ResultsResults indicated that at both waves, emotion regulation difficulties [DERS-SF] and appearance-based rejection sensitivity [ARS-D] were both positively cross-sectionally associated with body dissatisfaction [BSQ-8C] and muscle dysmorphic symptoms [MDDI] at the first assessment time-point and one year later at follow-up assessment. Moreover, alexithymia [TAS-20] was positively cross-sectionally associated with muscle dysmorphic symptoms at both waves. We further observed high absolute and relative level stabilities for all variables involved across the one-year study period.Discussion/ConclusionEven though the effects for some associations were rather small, our findings underline the relevance of such mechanisms in the development of body dissatisfaction and to a lesser extent of muscle dysmorphia symptoms over the period of one year. Additional research is necessary to replicate these findings in other youth samples.
The influence of tai chi on the death anxiety of elderly people living alone: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological capital
Authors: Zhou Jiali , Wu Baoyuan , Su Lining , Ma Xiujie 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPopulation aging is a global trend, and the number of older adults living alone is increasing. Tai chi, a traditional Chinese exercise, has been shown to improve the physical and mental health of older adults.AimTo investigate the effects of tai chi on death anxiety in older adults living alone and the role of social support and psychological capital in this relationship.MethodA cross-sectional study of 493 older adults living alone in four cities in southwestern China. Participants were assessed using questionnaires on tai chi practice, social support, psychological capital, and death anxiety.ResultsTai chi practice significantly reduced death anxiety in older adults living alone. It also positively correlated with social support and psychological capital, both of which negatively correlated with death anxiety. Social support and psychological capital mediated the relationship between tai chi practice and death anxiety, suggesting that tai chi may reduce death anxiety through these factors. These findings encourage older adults living alone to practice tai chi, as it may improve their mental and physical health and reduce their risk of death anxiety.ConclusionTai chi practice may reduce death anxiety in older adults living alone through the chain-mediated effects of social support and psychological capital. This suggests that tai chi may be a beneficial intervention for older adults living alone.
Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the 10-item perceived stress scale in a sample of teachers
Authors: Messineo Linda , Tosto Crispino 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe 10-item Perceived Stress Scale is a widely used questionnaire for measuring perceived stress.AimThis study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in a sample of Italian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed. A sample of 1,179 teachers of pre-primary, primary, and secondary schools anonymously completed an online questionnaire. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to compare the fit of a two-factor model against a one-factor solution of the scale. Multigroup CFA was run to test the measurement invariance of the two-factor PSS-10 solution across gender. The internal reliability of the scale was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’ omega coefficients. Convergent validity with measures of subjective well-being and self-reported health was evaluated.ResultsThe results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the two-factor structure of the 10-items Perceived Stress Scale provided a better fit to the data and supported the adequacy of the Italian version of the scale. The two-factor model showed measurement invariance across female and male groups, as result of the multigroup CFA. The scale proved to have good internal reliability. Correlation analyses with measures of the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule and self-reported health supported convergent validity.ConclusionThese results suggest that the Italian version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale has good psychometric properties and can be considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess perceived stress.
The chain mediating effect of empathy and communication ability on emotional intelligence and caring ability of nursing students
Authors: Yang Yujie , Wang Chang 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe implementation of humanistic care is conducive to providing high quality nursing, improving patient satisfaction and establishing harmonious nursery-patient relationship. Current researchs show that humanistic caring ability is affected by emotional intelligence, empathy, interpersonal communication. But the exact relationship and internal mechanism of such factors have not been fully understood.ObjectiveTo explore the multiple mediating effect of empathy and communication ability on nursing students’ emotional intelligence and caring ability.MethodsA case study was conducted by examining a sample of 1,165 nursing students from a junior college in Anhui, China. The multidimensional scales, and a self-designed demographic characteristics questionnaire were utilized. Path relationships and mutual effects were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).ResultsEmotional intelligence, empathy, and communication ability were found to positively affect nursing students’ caring ability, as well as positive interrelationships with one another (standardized estimate = 0.312–0.584, p &lt; 0.001). Communication ability and empathy play an important role in mediating the association between emotional intelligence and caring ability, and the effect sizes are 0.169 and 0.121, respectively, while the effect value of empathy and communication ability in emotional intelligence and caring ability was 0.034, which showed partial mediation of the association. The indirect effect of the structural equation was 77.14%.ConclusionThe chain mediating role of empathy and communication ability in emotional intelligence and caring ability is explored, which not only enrichis previous studies, but also reveals the mechanism of emotional intelligence’s influence on caring ability. It is essential to continuously improve nursing students’ caring ability. From the perspective of nursing educators, they need to develop targeted approaches to help the nursing student improve their emotional intelligence, empathy, and communication skills, further enhancing their caring ability.
Integrating values, ascribed responsibility and environmental concern to predict customers’ intention to visit green hotels: the mediating role of personal norm
Authors: Dong Zheng , He Chang , Hu Tianyang , Jiang Tianfeng 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionIt is crucial to understand the environmental friendly behavior of tourists. The utilization of natural resources by the tourists poses a significant threat to environmental sustainability. Fostering environmental friendly practices within tourism industry will help to protect future generation. The current study will evaluate the influence of values, ascribed responsibility, environmental concern and personal norms on customers’ intention to visit green hotels. Furthermore, it will assess the mediating effect of personal norms via ascribed responsibility and environmental concern.MethodsThe study collected data from Data 347 customers through a questionnaire survey method. Partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was employed for the analysis of data.Results and discussionThe findings indicate that values are significant factors affecting ascribed responsibility and environmental concern. Environmental concern direct impact on intention was insignificant. However, the environmental concern significantly affect intention to visit green hotels via personal norms indicating full mediating impact of personal norms.
Increased metabolic variability in Korean patients with new onset bipolar disorder: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Hyewon , Yang Kyojin , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine associations between changes of metabolic parameters and the development of BD using nationally representative data.MethodsWe used health examination data provided by the South Korean National Health Insurance System (NHIS) (n = 8,326,953). The variability of each metabolic parameter including weight circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels was caculated using variability independent of mean (VIM) indices. The presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with new onset BD. Each metabolic parameter with high variability was associated with a higher risk of new onset BD compared to those with low variability after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, income status, baseline diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.ResultsAs the number of highly variable metabolic parameters increased, the risk for new onset depression also increased even after covariates adjustment. The associations between new onset BD and metabolic variability were greater in populations with age &gt; 50 years. In addition, these associations remained significant after adjusting for the presence of depression prior to diagnoses of BD.DiscussionOur results suggest possibility of metabolic variability as an independent environmental risk factor for BD even after adjusting for the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Compassion focused therapy for self-stigma and shame in autism: a single case pre-experimental study
Authors: Riebel Marie , Krasny-Pacini Agata , Manolov Rumen , Rohmer Odile , Weiner Luisa 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionExposure to public stigma can lead to the internalization of autism-related stigma (i.e., self-stigma), associated with negative health, occupational and social outcomes. Importantly, self-stigma is linked to shame and social isolation. Although elevated self-stigma has been reported in autistic adults, to the best of our knowledge, interventions designed to target this issue are lacking. Compassion is an effective way to reduce the emotional correlates of self-stigma (i.e., shame) and their impacts on mental health. However, no study has investigated whether compassion focused therapy (CFT) can effectively reduce self-stigma in autistic adults. The present study aims at investigating whether and how self-compassion improvement following CFT may reduce self-stigma and shame in an autistic individual.MethodsA single case pre-experimental design (SCED) was used with weekly repeated measures during four phases: (i) pure baseline without any intervention (A), (ii) case conceptualization (A’), (iii) intervention (B) where CFT was delivered, (iv) follow-up without intervention (FU). The participant is a 46-year-old autistic man with high self-stigma and shame. Self-report measures of self-compassion and self-stigma and a daily idiographic measure of shame were used.ResultsThere was a large increase in self-compassion between pure baseline (A) and the intervention phase (A’B) (Tau-U = 0.99), maintained at follow-up. Similarly, there was a moderate decrease of self-stigma (Tau-U = 0.32). In contrast, when we compared the whole baseline phase AA’ (i.e., considering the conceptualisation phase as baseline) to the intervention (B), there was no change in self-stigma (Tau-U = −0.09). There was no change in self-stigma between the intervention (B) and follow-up (Tau-U = −0.19). There was a moderate decrease in daily shame reports between the baseline (AA’) and the intervention (B) (Tau-U = 0.31) and a moderate decrease between the pure baseline (A) and intervention phase (A’B) (Tau-U = 0.51).ConclusionCFT was feasible for this autistic client and our results show that CFT led to the improvement of self-compassion. Changes on self-stigma measures were moderate. Self-stigma may need more time to change. Because self-stigma is involved in poorer social functioning and mental health in autistic adults, our results are promising and suggesting conducting more large-scale studies on CFT in autistic adults.
The impact of problematic mobile phone use and the number of close friends on depression and anxiety symptoms among college students
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Huiqiong , Li Shuqin , Jiang Zhicheng , Sun Yanjun , Wan Yuhui 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundPsychological problems often occur in college students, with the most common ones being depression and anxiety symptoms. Exploring the risk factors that influence depression and anxiety symptoms in college students is essential to promote their physical and mental health.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the independent and interaction effects of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and the number of close friends (NCFs) on depression and anxiety symptoms and the comorbidity of these symptoms among college students.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Huainan, Anhui Province, and Suzhou, Jiangsu Province in China from October to December 2022. Data from 7,617 college students were collected. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to evaluate depression and anxiety symptoms. The PMPU data were collected by the Mobile Phone Addiction Type Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to examine the associations of PMPU and NCFs with depression and anxiety symptoms and their interaction effects.ResultsPMPU and lack of close friends significantly increased the risk of depression and anxiety symptoms and the comorbidity of these symptoms in college students (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, the effects of PMPU and lack of close friends on depression and anxiety symptoms in college students were interactive (p &lt; 0.001). No significant sex differences were found.ConclusionPMPU and lack of close friends are important risk factors for depression, anxiety, and the comorbidity of these symptoms in college students in China.