bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust Coagulation Reconciles Protoplanetary Disk Observations with the Vertical Shear Instability. I. Dust Coagulation and the VSI Dead Zone
Authors: Pfeil Thomas , Birnstiel Tilman , Klahr Hubert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Protoplanetary disks exhibit a vertical gradient in angular momentum, rendering them susceptible to the vertical shear instability (VSI). The most important condition for the onset of this mechanism is a short timescale of thermal relaxation (≲0.1 orbital timescales). Simulations of fully VSI active disks are characterized by turbulent, vertically extended dust layers. This is in contradiction with recent observations of the outer regions of some protoplanetary disks, which appear highly settled. In this work, we demonstrate that the process of dust coagulation can diminish the cooling rate of the gas in the outer disk and extinct the VSI activity. Our findings indicate that the turbulence strength is especially susceptible to variations in the fragmentation velocity of the grains. A small fragmentation velocity of ≈100 cm s−1 results in a fully turbulent simulation, whereas a value of ≈400 cm s−1 results in a laminar outer disk, being consistent with observations. We show that VSI turbulence remains relatively unaffected by variations in the maximum particle size in the inner disk regions. However, we find that dust coagulation can significantly suppress the occurrence of VSI turbulence at larger distances from the central star.
All We Are Is Dust in the WIM: Constraints on Dust Properties in the Milky Way’s Warm Ionized Medium
Authors: West J. L. , Gaensler B. M. , Miville-Deschênes M.-A. , Mahajan N. , Dechant J. , Boulanger F. , Martin P. G. , Zelko I. A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We present a comparison of the presence and properties of dust in two distinct phases of the Milky Way’s interstellar medium: the warm neutral medium (WNM) and the warm ionized medium (WIM). Using distant pulsars at high Galactic latitudes and vertical distance (∣b∣ > 40°,

D
sin
∣
b
∣
>
2

kpc

) as probes, we measure their dispersion measures and the neutral hydrogen component of the warm neutral medium (WNMH I) using H i column density. Together with dust intensity along these same sightlines, we separate the respective dust contributions of each ISM phase in order to determine whether the ionized component contributes to the dust signal. We measure the temperature (T), spectral index (β), and dust opacity (τ/N
H) in both phases. We find

T

(

WNM

H

I

)
=

20

−
2

+
3

K, β (WNMH I) = 1.5 ± 0.4, and τ
353/N
H (WNMH I) = (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−26 cm2. Assuming that the temperature and spectral index are the same in both the WNMH I and WIM, and given our simple model that widely separated lines of sight can be fit together, we find evidence that there is a dust signal associated with the ionized gas and

τ

353

/

N

H

(
WIM
)
=
(
0.3
±
0.3
)
×

10

−
26

, which is about 3 times smaller than τ
353/N
H (WNMH I). We are 80% confident that

τ

353

/

N

H

(
WIM
)

is at least 2 times smaller than τ
353/N
H (WNMH I).
VLT/MUSE Characterization of Dimorphos Ejecta from the DART Impact
Authors: Murphy Brian P. , Opitom Cyrielle , Snodgrass Colin , Knight Matthew M. , Li Jian-Yang , Chabot Nancy L. , Rivkin Andrew S. , Green Simon F. , Guetzoyan Paloma , Gardener Daniel , de León Julia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We have observed the Didymos-Dimorphos binary system with the MUSE integral field unit spectrograph mounted at the Very Large Telescope before and after DART impact and captured the ensuing ejecta cone, debris cloud, and tails at subarcsecond resolutions. We targeted the Didymos system over 11 nights from 2022 September 26 to October 25 and utilized both narrow- and wide-field observations with and without adaptive optics, respectively. We took advantage of the spectral–spatial coupled measurements and produced both white-light images and spectral maps of the dust reflectance. We identified and characterized numerous dust features, such as the ejecta cone, spirals, wings, clumps, and tails. We found that the base of the sunward edge of the wings, from October 3 to 19, is consistent with maximum grain sizes on the order of 0.05–0.2 mm and that the earliest detected clumps have the highest velocities, on the order of ;10 m s−1. We also see that three clumps in narrow-field mode (8″ × 8″) exhibit redder colors and slower speeds, around 0.09 m s−1, than the surrounding ejecta, likely indicating that the clump is composed of larger, slower grains. We measured the properties of the primary tail and resolved and measured the properties of the secondary tail earlier than any other published study, with first retrieval on October 3. Both tails exhibit similarities in curvature and relative flux; however, the secondary tail appears thinner, which may be caused by lower-energy ejecta and possibly a low-energy formation mechanism such as secondary impacts.
Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae) como maleza introducida en Ecuador: distribución espacio-temporal y riesgo de invasión
Authors: Rizzo Kimberly , Herrera Ileana , Vargas Anahí , Cornejo Xavier , López-Guillén Eduard 
Published: December 2023

Momordica charantia, una maleza trepadora introducida, es nativa del trópico y subtrópico de Asia y África y se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en Ecuador. En este estudio, examinamos la distribución espacio-temporal de los registros de M. charantia y evaluamos su riesgo de invasión para Ecuador. Se recolectaron ocurrencias de la especie de diversas fuentes (bases de datos y herbarios). Se analizó la distribución de la especie en Ecuador y en áreas prioritarias de conservación, considerando sus preferencias climáticas y ecosistémicas. Se realizó un análisis de riesgo de invasión para Ecuador Continental. Nuestros resultados indicaron que M. charantia fue reportada por primera vez en Ecuador en la región de la costa en 1846. La causa de su introducción es desconocida; sin embargo, una posible vía para su expansión podría estar relacionada con su uso como planta medicinal en Ecuador. Actualmente, la especie está naturalizada en Ecuador y se ha registrado en las cuatro regiones, incluyendo las Islas Galápagos. Se detectó la presencia de la especie en 18 áreas prioritarias de conservación, donde su abundancia parece incipiente y su erradicación factible. La ciencia ciudadana (i.e. iNaturalist) proporcionó la mayoría de los registros de la especie, resaltando su importancia para monitorear especies invasoras. Aunque M. charantia tiene una presencia limitada en ambientes naturales (el 89% de los registros se encuentran en áreas perturbadas), la especie fue categorizada como de “alto riesgo” debido a que en Ecuador hay regiones climáticamente adecuadas para su establecimiento. Además, M. charantia tiene una alta capacidad de dispersión a larga distancia y un considerable potencial para convertirse en maleza en cultivos, representando una amenaza para la agricultura. Destacamos que la presencia de M. charantia en áreas perturbadas podría constituir una fuente de propagación hacia áreas cultivadas, donde la especie podría comportarse como maleza. El manejo de las poblaciones de M. charantia cerca de los cultivos podría mitigar sus posibles impactos agrícolas.
Awareness of the use of personal protective equipment among construction workers
Authors: AlBlooshi Jawahar Mohammed , Elhadi Rami , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyin 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
The construction industry is one of the major employment sectors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) for both skilled and unskilled employees. However, the issue of health and safety in this industry appears to be a major challenge. As such, in this study, we evaluated the awareness of construction workers in Sharjah, UAE, on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Methods:
In this study, we used a cross-sectional study design, and data were collected from 360 respondents using a questionnaire prepared in English and Malayalam languages.

Results:
The study revealed that all the respondents were male with an average age of about 36 years. Furthermore, there was no significant association between the age of respondents and awareness of incident reporting; however, there was a significant association (P = 0.030) between education level and incident reporting awareness. There was also an association between work experience (P = 0.013) and awareness of incident reporting. Further, 91% of the employees agreed that they were aware of how to safely carry out their various activities while working at their respective construction sites. Furthermore, there was a close correlation (P = 0.025) between awareness of how to work safely and the education level of the respondents. Eighty-five percent of the respondents acknowledged that they were unaware of PPE usage at the workplace.

Conclusion:
We conclude that there is a need for more attention to occupational health and safety in the construction sector, and the need to identify and address occupational health risks early, introducing preplacement and periodic examinations for workers, and employing qualified and well-trained safety and health personnel at the various construction sites becomes imperative.
Primary extranodal lymphomas: Five-year experience from a tertiary care center of North India
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Prashar Manoj , Rehman Nidhin , Sinha Anamika , Raman Deep K. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Primary extranodal lymphomas (pENL) are lymphomas with minimal nodal involvement and dominant extranodal disease. We aimed to study the prevalence and clinicopathological characteristics of pENL presenting at our center over 5 years from January 2015 to January 2020.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study of pENL patients in which relevant clinical and laboratory data was collected including demography, site, stage, international prognostic index-revised, imaging findings, hematological, and biochemical parameters and comorbidities including underlying immunodeficiency. The paraffin blocks were subjected to routine hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry with standard lymphoma panel.

Results:
Of 341 lymphomas, 73 (21.4%) were pENL with commonest site being gastrointestinal tract (31.5%) followed by head and neck (23.2%) and soft tissues (9.6%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (39.7%) was the commonest histological type (germinal center type—48%, nongerminal center—52%) followed by marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) (23.3%) and primary CNS lymphoma (8.2%). Primary breast lymphoma, primary bone marrow lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma constituted 4.1, 5.4, and 4.1% of pENL, respectively. There was a case of high grade B cell lymphoma of ileum with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt. Other unusual pENL were anaplastic DLBCL of tonsils, DLBCLs of bone marrow with M band, MZL of base of tongue, Richter’s transformation of tonsillar small lymphocytic lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma presenting as pericardial mass. Of 12 cases of T-non-Hodgkin lymphoma, commonest were mycosis fungoides (4/12) followed by mediastinal T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (2/12) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (2/12).

Conclusion:
pENL has unique clinical presentation depending on the location with site-specific distribution of histological subtypes.
Primary adenocarcinoma of colon: A clinicopathological study with the prevalence and correlation of CDX2 biomarker expression - A tertiary care center experience
Authors: Issac Rijo , Masih Dipti , Ranjan Mark , Pulimood Anna B. 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Colorectal cancer is one of the alarming health problems worldwide. Prognostic biomarkers are the key for risk stratification in patients with colon cancer and the decision to recommend adjuvant chemotherapy. It has been difficult to identify a single prognostic biomarker for colon cancer. Currently, tumor stage, tumor grade, and microsatellite instability remain the most important prognostic variables that aid in the treatment of patients with colon cancer. Some studies highlighted that CDX2 immunohistochemistry negativity is an independent prognostic factor and indicates a worse survival rate. Our aim was to study the prevalence of CDX2 biomarker expression in patients diagnosed with primary adenocarcinoma and to correlate this with the clinical profile and pathological features.

Methods:
Endoscopic mucosal biopsies and resection specimens of 148 patients diagnosed with colonic adenocarcinoma were analyzed. CDX2 immunohistochemistry was performed, and the result was correlated with clinicopathological features. The results were presented as mean, frequencies, and percentages. Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to assess the associations between clinicopathological parameters and CDX2 immunohistochemistry negativity.

Results:
The prevalence of CDX2 expression by immunohistochemistry in colon cancer was found to be 92%. CDX2 biomarker negativity was found to be higher in left-sided colon cancers, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and higher TNM stages.

Conclusion:
CDX2-negative tumors are often associated with several adverse prognostic variables (e.g., advanced stage, poor differentiation, and metastasis). Thus, sub-classification of colon cancer based on the CDX2 biomarker aids to separate them into prognostically relevant categories.
Clinical risk factors and Risk assessment model for Anastomotic leakage after Rectal cancer resection
Authors: Ding Rui , He Ming , Cen Hong , Chen Zheng , Su Yonghui 
Published: December 2023

Background:
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is the most serious complication after rectal cancer surgery. Risk factors associated with AL have been documented in previous studies; however, the consensus is still lacking. In this retrospective study, we aimed to identify risk factors for AL after rectal cancer resection and to create an accurate and effective tool for predicting the risk of this complication.

Methods:
The study cohort comprised of 276 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone anterior resection between 2015 and 2020. Twenty-four selected variables were assessed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors of AL. A risk assessment model for predicting the risk of AL was established on the basis of the regression coefficients of each identified independent risk factor.

Results:
Anastomotic leakage occurred in 20 patients (7.2%, 20/276). Multivariate analysis identified the following variables as independent risk or protective factors of AL: perioperative ileus (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 14.699), tumor size ≥5 cm (P = 0.025, OR = 3.925), distance between tumor and anal verge <7.5 cm (P = 0.045, OR = 3.512), obesity (P = 0.032, OR = 7.256), and diverting stoma (P = 0.008, OR = 0.143). A risk assessment model was constructed and patients were allocated to high-, medium-, and low-risk groups on the basis of risk model scores of 5–7, 2–4, and 0–1, respectively. The incidences of AL in these three groups were 61.5%, 11.9%, and 2.0%, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Our risk assessment model accurately and effectively identified patients at high risk of AL and could be useful in aiding decision-making aimed at minimizing adverse outcomes associated with leakage.
Evaluation of VEGF, BDNF, TRKB expression in oral epithelial dysplasia, oral verrucous carcinoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma and their role as prognostic indicator
Authors: Priyadharshini Kumaresan Indra , Balakrishnan Sekar , Saranyan Ravi , Nirmal Madhavan , Murugesan Ambika , Yoithappra bhunath Thuckanaicken palayam Ragunathan 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a serious health disease that can lead to a reduced quality of life or even death. It ranks sixth in terms of cancer expansion. It is one of India’s primary causes of natural death. In OSCC such potentially malignant Disorders (PMDs) are precancerous lesions with such a high risk of progression. Tumor angiogenesis is a one of the basic biomarkers that may influence the proliferation of a precancerous lesion into the cancerous lesion. Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also play important roles in carcinogenesis by promoting angiogenesis. The construction of new vessels of blood from existing vasculature is referred as angiogenesis.

Aim of the Study:
To get deep insights of immunohistochemistry expression of VEGF, BDNF, and TRKB in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), verrucous carcinoma (VC), and OSCC.

Material and Methods:
The study included 100 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 20 cases of OED, 20 cases of VC, and 60 cases of OSCC [20 cases of well-differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (WD-OSCC), 20 cases of moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (MD-OSCC), and 20 cases of poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma (PD-OSCC). The staining intensity and distribution of VEGF, BNDF, and TrkB were examined and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), post hoc Bonferroni test, independent t-test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient test.

Results:
The immunoexpression of VEGF, BDNF, and TrkB was found to be elevated in the order of OEDs, VC, and OSCC. The percentage of positive was highest in PD-OSCC, followed by MD-OSCC and WD-OSCC.

Conclusion:
Based on our findings, angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor growth and metastasis. A substantial relationship was discovered between VEGF, BDNF, TrkB expression, and increases in vascularity throughout the transition from OEDs to VCs and OSCCs.
Adaptability of thermo-viscous versus sonicfill-activated bulk fill composite resin restorations
Authors: Kandel Enas Mostafa Ameen , Etman Wedad M. , Geniad Thuraia M. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
To in vitro evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of Thermo-Viscous versus SonicFill Bulk Fill composite in Class I cavities.

Materials and methods
Twenty non-carious human maxillary premolar teeth were selected. Class I cavities were prepared with dimensions of 4 mm mesio-distal, 2.5 mm bucco-lingual width and 2 mm depth. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups I and II. Cavities were restored with VisCalor and SonicFill Bulk Fill, respectively. Materials were applied using the recommended adhesive and special dispenser. Specimens were then subjected to 500 thermal cycles, labelled and the restoration margins were inspected under stereomicroscope at X70 to detect and measure the marginal gap width. Specimen were then sectioned buccolingually using a microtome to detect and measure the internal gap width.

Results
Lower mean values of marginal gap width were recorded in VisCalor group compared to SonicFill group, however there was no statistically significant difference (P = 0.187) between both groups. While a significant difference (P = 0.002) was found regarding internal mean gap width values recorded in VisCalor group compared to SonicFill group.

Conclusion
Both tested materials/techniques used to reduce the viscosity of the bulk fill composites presented nearly comparable marginal integrity results, while VisCalor application technique enhanced the internal adaptation compared to SonicFill method.
Comparative quantitative analysis of intravelar veloplasty and Furlow double opposing z plasty techniques for transposition of LVP muscles to correct VPI
Authors: Elsaadany Wesam H. , Beder Rafic R. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose
The present study was performed to use quantitative analysis of LVP by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare intravelar veloplasty versus Furlow double opposing z-plasty technique in VPI correction.

Materials and methods
This is an interventional, comparative study that was carried out on 16 patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency due to decreased velar mobility divided into two equal groups, group I: included eight patients in whom VPI was repaired with intravelar veloplasty, group II: included eight patients in whom VPI was repaired with Furlow double opposing z-plasty. All patients underwent regular follow-up for 3 months by clinical, nasopharyngoscopy and MRI.

Results
Clinically, there was primary wound healing uneventfully was achieved in all patients in the two groups with no signs of infection. By MRI there was a significant increase in the angle of origin, length and thickness of the LVP postoperatively in both groups with no significant differences between them which confirmed with increased velum mobility postoperatively in both groups in nasopharyngoscopy.

Conclusion
According to quantitative analysis of LVP by MRI preoperatively and postoperatively, there was no statistically significant differences between intravelar veloplasty and Furlow double opposing z-plasty technique in VPI correction.
Evaluation of using collagen membrane as interpositional material in closure of palatal fistula in cleft patients
Authors: Selim Ahmed N. A. , Khalifa Mahmoud E. , Ibrahim Marwa T. , Serag Shimaa M. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Palatal fistula after palatal surgery in cleft patients is an annoying problem for both patients and maxillofacial surgeons. The occurrence of fistula is determined by the severity of the underlying defect, the repair technique utilized and the stress applied to the wound. Fistula recurrence rates range from 0% to 58%. Depending on the size, recurrence rate, and surgeon skill, various procedures for palatal fistula closure are documented, ranging from local mucoperiosteal flaps to free flaps. Colla-D is a pure collagen membrane developed to facilitate directed tissue regeneration and aid in the closure of palatal fistulas.

Patients and methods
A prospective randomized noncontrolled clinical research was conducted on 12 patients with palatal fistulas in the hard palate of cleft patients aged 6 to 20 years. Collagen membrane (Colla-D type BS) is utilized as an interposition material between the oral and nasal layers in cleft patients to aid in the closure of palatal fistulas.

Results
Collagen membrane was integrated with successful fistula closure in nine (75%) individuals, but palatal closure failure was detected early postoperatively in three (25%) patients. In seven patients, the oral mucosal layer dehisced, exposing the membrane, which was gradually covered by creeping oral mucosa in 4 of 7 patients over a period of 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. All patients improved in nasalance and even failed cases improved slightly due to a decrease in fistula size, with a mean progress of 33.92% and a standard deviation of 7.28.

Conclusions
Colla-D collagen membrane is a safe and effective adjunct for the closure of palatal fistulas located in hard palate.