bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetische Reaktionsfortschrittsanalyse: eine Methode zur mechanistischen Untersuchung komplexer katalytischer Reaktionen
Authors: Blackmond Donna G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractDurch eine kinetische Reaktionsfortschrittsanalyse lässt sich ein umfassendes mechanistisches Bild von komplexen katalytischen Reaktionssystemen erhalten. Die beschriebene Methodik nutzt In‐situ‐Messungen in Kombination mit einfachen mathematischen Prozeduren zur Konstruktion “graphischer Geschwindigkeitsgleichungen”, die eine Reaktionsanalyse bei minimaler Zahl an Experimenten ermöglichen. Eine solche Analyse kann helfen, die Triebkräfte einer chemischen Reaktion zu bestimmen und zwischen vorgeschlagenen mechanistischen Modellen zu unterscheiden. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt einen “Fahrplan”, nach dem sich jede beliebige Reaktion analysieren lässt.
Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis: A Powerful Methodology for Mechanistic Studies of Complex Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Blackmond Donna G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractReaction progress kinetic analysis to obtain a comprehensive picture of complex catalytic reaction behavior is described. This methodology employs in situ measurements and simple manipulations to construct a series of graphical rate equations that enable analysis of the reaction to be accomplished from a minimal number of experiments. Such an analysis helps to describe the driving forces of a reaction and may be used to help distinguish between different proposed mechanistic models. This Review describes the procedure for undertaking such analysis for any new reaction under study.
Alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl Ester Prodrugs of FR900098 with Improved In Vivo Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Ortmann Regina , Wiesner Jochen , Reichenberg Armin , Henschker Dajana , Beck Ewald , Jomaa Hassan , Schlitzer Martin 
Published: July 2005

AbstractFR900098 represents a derivative of the new antimalarial drug fosmidomycin with enhanced activity. The mechanism of action is the inhibition of the 1‐desoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (DOXP) reductoisomerase, an essential enzyme of the mevalonate independent pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Prodrugs with increased oral activity in mice infected with the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium vinckei were obtained by masking the phosphonate moiety of FR900098 as alkoxycarbonyloxyethyl esters.
Symptomatic and functional outcome after laparoscopic reoperation for failed antireflux surgery
Authors: Byrne J P , Smithers B M , Nathanson L K , Martin I , Ong H S , Gotley D C 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim was to determine symptomatic and functional outcome after reoperative antireflux surgery for recurrent reflux, persistent dysphagia and severe gas bloat, using a primarily laparoscopic surgical approach.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from 118 patients, of whom 70 had reoperative surgery for recurrent reflux, 35 for dysphagia and 13 for gas bloat. DeMeester scores before and 1 year after surgery, functional symptoms after surgery and overall patient satisfaction were analysed.

Results
Reoperation was completed laparoscopically in 101 patients (85·6 per cent), in 28 after previous open hiatal surgery. The operation was converted from an initial laparoscopic approach to open surgery in 17 patients. One-year follow-up data were available for 104 patients (88·1 per cent). After reoperation for recurrent reflux, 84 per cent had a DeMeester heartburn score of zero or one, and 87 per cent had a regurgitation score of zero or one. After reoperation for dysphagia, 21 of 32 patients had a dysphagia score of zero or one, with improvement observed in 25. All patients undergoing reoperation for severe gas bloat were satisfied with the outcome 1 year after operation.

Conclusion
Revisional surgery for recurrent reflux using a laparoscopic approach offered high rates of success and patient satisfaction. Swallowing returned to normal in two-thirds of patients after reoperation.
Preoperative plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a marker of cardiac risk in patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Yeh H-M , Lau H-P , Lin J-M , Sun W-Z , Wang M-J , Lai L-P 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) is a sensitive marker for heart failure. This study tested whether the preoperative plasma level of NTproBNP could predict cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Methods
A total of 190 consecutive patients who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery that required general anaesthesia were studied. In addition to routine preoperative evaluation, a blood sample was taken for estimation of plasma NTproBNP concentration. Postoperative cardiac complications were defined as cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure and haemodynamic compromise from cardiac arrhythmias.

Results
Fifteen of the 190 patients had a cardiac complication: four had acute coronary syndrome and 13 had congestive heart failure. NTproBNP concentration was significantly higher in patients with a cardiac complication; a level greater than 450 ng/l was predictive of cardiac complications with a sensitivity of 100 per cent and a specificity of 82·9 per cent. Other factors associated with cardiac complications were a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, age and clinical cardiac impairment, but in a multivariate analysis NTproBNP level was the only independent factor.

Conclusion
Preoperative plasma NTproBNP concentration may be an independent predictor of cardiac complications in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
Effect of sacral neuromodulation on the rectum
Authors: Uludaǧ Ö , Morren G L , Dejong C H C , Baeten C G M I 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a new treatment for faecal incontinence. At present the exact underlying mechanism is still unclear. Modulation of the sacral reflex arcs might have an effect on rectal sensitivity, wall tension and compliance.

Methods
Fifteen consecutive patients with faecal incontinence who qualified for SNM underwent barostat measurements before and during neuromodulation. An ‘infinitely’ compliant plastic bag with a volume of 600 ml was placed in the rectum and connected to a computer-controlled barostat system. An isobaric phasic distension protocol was used. Patients were asked to report rectal filling sensations: first sensation (FS), earliest urge to defaecate (EUD) and an irresistible, painful urge to defaecate (maximum tolerated volume; MTV). Rectal wall tension and compliance were calculated.

Results
During isobaric phasic distension each patient experienced all rectal filling sensations at the time of stimulation. Median volume thresholds decreased significantly during stimulation, from 98·1 to 44·2 ml for FS (P = 0·003), from 132·3 to 82·8 ml for EUD (P = 0·001) and from 205·8 to 162·8 ml for MTV (P = 0·002). Pressure thresholds tended to be lower for all filling sensations, but only that to evoke MTV was reduced significantly by stimulation (37·3 versus 30·3 mmHg; P = 0·005). Median rectal wall tension for all filling sensations decreased significantly with stimulation. There was no significant difference between compliance before and during stimulation.

Conclusion
SNM affects rectal sensory perception, but further research is required to clarify the mechanism.
Bladder and sexual function following resection for rectal cancer in a randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open technique
Authors: Jayne D G , Brown J M , Thorpe H , Walker J , Quirke P , Guillou P J 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Bladder and sexual dysfunction are recognized complications of mesorectal resection. Their incidence following laparoscopic surgery is unknown.

Methods
Bladder and sexual function were assessed in patients who had undergone laparoscopic rectal, open rectal or laparoscopic colonic resection as part of the UK Medical Research Council Conventional versus Laparoscopic-Assisted Surgery In Colorectal Cancer (CLASICC) trial, using the International Prostatic Symptom Score, the International Index of Erectile Function and the Female Sexual Function Index. Sexual and bladder function data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-CR38 collected in the CLASICC trial were used for comparison.

Results
Two hundred and forty-seven (71·2 per cent) of 347 patients completed questionnaires. Bladder function was similar after laparoscopic and open rectal operations for rectal cancer. Overall sexual function and erectile function tended to be worse in men after laparoscopic rectal surgery than after open rectal surgery (overall function: difference − 11·18 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) −22·99 to 0·63), P = 0·063; erectile function: difference −5·84 (95 per cent c.i. −10·94 to −0·74), P = 0·068). Total mesorectal excision (TME) was more commonly performed in the laparoscopic rectal group than in the open rectal group. TME (odds ratio (OR) 6·38, P = 0·054) and conversion to open operation (OR 2·86, P = 0·041) were independent predictors of postoperative male sexual dysfunction. No differences were detected in female sexual function.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic rectal resection did not adversely affect bladder function, but there was a trend towards worse male sexual function. This may be explained by the higher rate of TME in the laparoscopic rectal resection group.
Protective defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma
Authors: Gastinger I , Marusch F , Steinert R , Wolff S , Koeckerling F , Lippert H 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Anastomotic leak is a serious complication of resection for low rectal carcinoma.

Methods
Data from a prospective multicentre study conducted between January 2000 and December 2001 were analysed to determine the early outcome after low anterior resection in patients with and without a protective stoma. The morbidity and mortality rates associated with ileostomy and colostomy closure were compared.

Results
Eight hundred and eighty-one (32·3 per cent) of 2729 patients received a protective stoma after low anterior resection. Overall anastomotic leak rates were similar in patients with or without a stoma (14·5 versus 14·2 per cent respectively). The incidence of leaks that required surgical intervention was significantly lower in those with a protective stoma (3·6 versus 10·1 per cent; P &lt; 0·001), as was the mortality rate (0·9 versus 2·0 per cent; P = 0·037). Logistic regression analysis showed that provision of a protective stoma was the most powerful independent variable for avoiding an anastomotic leak that required surgical correction. Seven hundred and twenty-four of the 881 patients who received a stoma were followed up. The overall postoperative morbidity associated with stoma closure was significantly lower for colostomy than for ileostomy (15·3 versus 22·4 per cent; P = 0·031).

Conclusion
A protective stoma reduced the rate of anastomotic leakage that required surgical intervention, and mitigated the sequelae of such leakage. Colostomy closure was associated with less morbidity than closure of an ileostomy.
Surgery for clinical T3 carcinomas of the upper thoracic oesophagus and the need for new strategies
Authors: Igaki H , Kato H , Tachimori Y , Nakanishi Y , Shimoda T 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Patients with T3 carcinomas have a dismal prognosis, even after complete resection of the primary tumour and metastatic nodes. This study focused on the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes after surgical resection of clinical T3 carcinomas of the upper thoracic oesophagus.

Methods
Between January 1988 and February 2000, 888 consecutive patients underwent surgical removal of carcinomas of the thoracic oesophagus or oesophagogastric junction at the National Cancer Centre Hospital, Japan. The case records of 51 consecutive patients with clinical T3 tumours of the upper thoracic oesophagus were analysed retrospectively.

Results
No patient received preoperative therapy. Complications occurred in 41 (80 per cent). In-hospital and 30-day postoperative mortality rates were 10 and 4 per cent respectively. Gross residual primary tumour or metastasis in regional nodes invading adjacent structures was noted in 14 patients (27 per cent) and incomplete resection including microscopic residual tumour in 23 (45 per cent). Overall 3- and 5-year survival rates were 20 and 12 per cent; median survival was 13·1 months.

Conclusion
Surgical resection of clinical T3 carcinomas of the upper thoracic oesophagus is associated with a high postoperative complication rate, incomplete resection and unsatisfactory outcome. Reconsideration of the surgical treatment strategy for these tumours is needed.
Mapping changes in surgical mortality over 9 years by peer review audit
Authors: Thompson A M , Ashraf Z , Burton H , Stonebridge P A 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
There is increasing public scrutiny of deaths among surgical patients. This analysis sought evidence of changes in practice over time in the management of patients who died under surgical care.

Methods
The surgeons and anaesthetists in National Health Service hospitals providing the care of all surgical patients in Scotland participated in the Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality (SASM). Data from peer review audit, critical event analysis and individual feedback of deaths while in surgical care over 9 years (1994–2002) were examined for trends over time.

Results
Over a 9-year period, 40 448 patients died while in surgical care. Consultant surgeon and anaesthetist involvement in decision making and operating increased significantly (P &lt; 0·001), and death after elective surgery declined to 0·27 per cent of elective operations. Adverse events were more frequently due to failures of hospital systems or process than to individual clinician errors. Fewer adverse events were identified as having contributed to or caused the death of patients over time (P &lt; 0·001). Failure to use deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis and failure to use high-dependency or intensive therapy units (HDU/ITU) became less common, once highlighted by the SASM.

Conclusion
Through continuous peer review audit, the SASM has mapped and may have contributed to changes in surgical and anaesthetic practice over a 9-year period, indicating that the rate of adverse events can be decreased by changing clinician practice (DVT prophylaxis) and provision of facilities (HDU/ITU). Similar approaches should be considered by other medical specialties.
Breast-conserving surgery with resection of the nipple–areola complex for subareolar breast carcinoma
Authors: Tausch C , Hintringer T , Kugler F , Schmidhammer C , Bauer M , Aufschnaiter M 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Introduction
Breast-conserving therapy for centrally located tumours has in the past been viewed with reservation, but is now an accepted treatment. There is little published evidence, however, to show that it is safe and cosmetically acceptable.

Methods
In a prospective investigation carried out between 1996 and 2002, 44 women had surgery for 45 breast carcinomas with suspected nipple involvement. The breast was conserved and the nipple–areola complex removed. Secondary mastectomy was performed in three women because the tumour was found to reach the resection margin. Forty-one women underwent further observation. The mean tumour size at the time of operation was 18 (range 4–50) mm. Six women received preoperative chemotherapy.

Results
Histologically, there were seven preinvasive and 35 invasive cancers. No local failure had occurred at a median follow-up of 51 months. Six women developed distant metastasis, of whom five died. The mean score for cosmetic results (evaluated on a scale of 1–5 where a score of 1 was excellent) was 1·5 for patients and 1·7 for physicians.

Conclusion
Breast-conserving therapy is a safe and cosmetically acceptable alternative to mastectomy for subareolar breast cancer.
Prevalence of family history of colorectal cancer in the general population
Authors: Mitchell R J , Campbell H , Farrington S M , Brewster D H , Porteous M E M , Dunlop M G 
Published: July 2005

Abstract

Background
Robust estimates of the prevalence of a family history of colorectal cancer in the general population are essential to inform planning of provision for colonoscopic surveillance and for clinical genetics services. However, there is a paucity of high-quality data.

Methods
Computerized record linkage was used to assess systematically the family history of 160 cancer-free community subjects and thereby provide prevalence data that are independent of participant recall. The data set comprised 2664 first- and second-degree relatives of study subjects, with 148 068 years at risk.

Results
Of people in the 30–70 years age range, 9·4 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 5·8 to 14·9) per cent had a first-degree relative affected by colorectal cancer, and 28·8 (95 per cent c.i. 22·3 to 36·2) per cent had an affected first- or second-degree relative. Between 0 and 3·1 per cent of study subjects merited colonic surveillance, depending on the stringency of the guidelines used.

Conclusion
An appreciable proportion of the general population has a relative affected by colorectal cancer, sufficient to merit screening under certain criteria. In the absence of good-quality evidence supporting colonoscopic surveillance in groups at moderate risk, these data directly inform the planning of services for people with a family history of colorectal cancer. However, the clinical risk and financial implications of screening should be taken into account.
PLS post‐processing by similarity transformation (PLS + ST): a simple alternative to OPLS
Authors: Ergon Rolf 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSeveral methods for orthogonal signal correction (OSC) based on pre‐processing of the modeling data have been developed in recent years, and OPLS (orthogonal projections to latent structures) is a well‐known algorithm. The main result from these methods is a reduction in the number of final components in partial least squares (PLS) regression, while the predictions are virtually unchanged (identical for OPLS). This raises the question whether the same or similar results can be obtained in a more direct way using an ordinary PLS model as starting point, and as shown in the present paper, this can indeed be done by use of a simple similarity transformation. This post‐processing PLS + ST method is compared with OPLS assuming a single response variable. The PLS + ST factorization of the data matrix X is just a similarity transformation of the non‐orthogonalized PLS factorization, while OPLS is a similarity transformation of the orthogonalized PLS factorization. The predictions are therefore identical but the residuals are somewhat different. A theoretically founded modification of the orthogonalized PLS factorization, and a corresponding modification of OPLS, leads to identical factorizations for all these methods within similarity transformations. The PLS + ST vs OPLS comparison also leads to an alternative post‐processing method using the ordinary PLS algorithm twice, with predetermined and permuted loading weight vectors in the second step. A limited comparison with post‐processing using principal components of predictions (PCP) or canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is included. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying effects under a split‐plot design structure
Authors: Langhans Ivan , Goos Peter , Vandebroek Martina 
Published: July 2005

AbstractExperience shows that in practice very few designs are carried out in a completely randomized fashion, requiring not only that the order of experimentation be random but also that the factor levels in each experiment were reset. The resulting split‐plot designs and their properties are well described in the statistical literature but much less so in chemometric journals. In neither of the two, however, can an overview be found of how much is at stake when one decides to leave the safe road of completely randomized designs. This work compares completely randomized designs (CRDs) with designs characterized by different amounts of randomization in terms of type I and type II errors (false positives and false negatives) when using a 2k factorial design for screening/identification. It also provides a comparison of the correct statistical analysis based on generalized least squares with the standard ordinary least squares analysis available in most software. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional/non‐conditional probabilities and information entropies assigned to high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection
Authors: David Victor , Medvedovici Andrei 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA general formalism describing the main conditional and non‐conditional probabilities as well as their corresponding information entropies that can be assigned to analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and fluorescence detection is discussed. Some quantitative parameters of the detection (absorbance, fluorescence, peak height, data acquisition rate) are used in order to estimate these probabilities. The events within chromatographic peaks are conditioned by their maximum (peak height). Several examples are discussed and conditional and non‐conditional information entropies by Shannon's formula are evaluated by given relationships. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A twist to partial least squares regression
Authors: Indahl Ulf 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA modification of the PLS1 algorithm is presented. Stepwise optimization over a set of candidate loading weights obtained by taking powers of they–Xcorrelations andXstandard deviations generalizes the classical PLS1 based ony–Xcovariances and hence adds flexibility to the modelling. When good linear predictions can be obtained, the suggested approach often finds models with fewer and more interpretable components. Good performance is demonstrated when compared with the classical PLS1 on calibration benchmark data sets. An important part of the comparisons is managed by a novel model selection strategy. The selection is based on choosing the simplest model among those with a cross‐validation error smaller than the pre‐specified significance limit of a χ2‐statistic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wavelet orthogonal signal correction
Authors: Feudale Robert N. , Liu Yang , Woody Nathaniel A. , Tan Huwei , Brown Steven D. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this paper a novel signal‐preprocessing technique that combines the local and multiscale properties of the wavelet prism with the global filtering capability of orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is presented for the pretreatment of spectroscopic data. In this hybrid method, referred to as wavelet OSC (WOSC), a separate OSC filter is applied to each frequency component generated from a wavelet prism decomposition. The combination of wavelet prism and OSC is shown to be complementary, as the prediction results obtained in subsequent partial least squares (PLS) calibrations using WOSC are superior to those obtained using either the wavelet prism or OSC independently. The ability of WOSC to remove undesirable background effects and enhance subsequent PLS models is demonstrated with two near‐infrared data sets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.