bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear, symmetric, self-selecting 14-bit molecular memristors
Authors: Williams R. Stanley , Sharma Deepak , Rath Santi , Kundu Bidyabhusan , Korkmaz Anil , Thompson Damien , Bhat Navakanta , Goswami Sreebrata , Goswami Sreetosh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the domain of large resource intensive data centers that limit access to a small community of developers [1-3]. Neuromorphic hardware promises dramatically improved space and energy efficiency for AI, but is presently only capable of low-accuracy operations, like inferencing in neural networks [4-6]. Core computing tasks of signal processing, neural network training and natural language processing demand far higher computing resolution, beyond that of existing neuromorphic circuit elements [7-9]. Here we introduce an analogue molecular memristor based on a Ru-complex of an azo-aromatic ligand with 14-bit resolution. The supramolecular electronic structure of the film enables voltage-driven ionic rearrangement facilitating 16,520 distinct analogue levels. These levels can be linearly and symmetrically updated or written individually in one time-step, substantially simplifying the weight update procedure over existing neuromorphic platforms [4]. The circuit elements are unidirectional, facilitating a selector-less 64×64 crossbar-based dot-product engine that enables vector-matrix multiplication, including Fourier transform, in a single time-step. We achieved >73 dB signal-to-noise-ratio, a four-order of magnitude improvement over the state-of-the-art [10-12], while consuming 460× less energy than digital computers [13]. Accelerators leveraging these molecular crossbars could transform neuromorphic computing, extending it beyond niche applications and reinforcing the core of digital electronics from the cloud to the edge [14,15].
Molecularly Architected Polymers Enabled by Frontal Polymerization
Authors: Sottos Nancy , Paul Justine , Gao Yuan , Go Yoo Kyung , Koett Luis Rodriguez , Sharma Anisha , Chen Manxin , Lessard Jacob , Topkaya Tolga , Leal Cecilia , Moore Jeffrey , Geubelle Philippe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Materials with hierarchical architectures that combine soft and hard material domains with coalesced interfaces possess superior properties compared to their homogeneous counterparts1-4. Such architectures in synthetic materials have been achieved through additive manufacturing strategies such as 3D printing, which require an a priori design and active intervention throughout the manufacturing process to achieve architectures spanning multiple length scales5-10. Here, we harness frontal polymerization dynamics to autonomously fabricate molecularly architected polymers with multiscale organization. This rapid fabrication method leads to the formation of amorphous and semi-crystalline domains emerging from the internal interfaces generated between the solid polymer and the propagating cure front. The size, spacing, and arrangement of the domains are controlled by the interplay between the reaction kinetics, thermochemistry, and boundary conditions. Small perturbations in the fabrication conditions reproducibly lead to remarkable changes in the strength, elastic modulus, and toughness of the resulting materials. This ability to control mechanical properties and performance solely through the initial conditions represents a significant advancement in the design and manufacturing of advanced multiscale materials.
Transistors platform for rapid and parallel detection of multiple pathogens by nanoscale-localized multiplexed biological activation
Authors: Riedo Elisa , Wright Alexander , Nasralla Hashem , Deshmukh Rahul , Jamalzadeh Moeid , Hannigan Matthew , Patera Andrew , Li Yanxiao , Manzo-Perez Miguel , Parashar Nitika , Huang Zhujun , Udumulla Thanuka , Chen Weiqiang , de Forni Davide , Weck Marcus , de Peppo Giuseppe , Shahrjerdi Davood 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, highly infectious viruses, and chronic diseases has prompted the search for rapid and versatile medical tests that can be performed by the patient. An electronic biosensing platform based on field-effect transistors (FETs) is particularly attractive due to sensitivity, fast turn-around, and compatibility with semiconductor manufacturing. However, the lack of methods for pathogen-specific functionalization of individual FETs prevents parallel detection of multiple pathogens. Indeed, so far functionalization of FET based biosensors is achieved by drop casting without any spatial selectivity. Here, we propose a paradigm shift in FET’s biofunctionalization. Specifically, we use thermal scanning probe lithography (tSPL) with a thermochemically sensitive polymer that can be spin-coated on any FET material. We demonstrate that this scalable, CMOS compatible methodology can be used to functionalize individual FETs with different bioreceptors on the same chip, at sub-20 nm resolution, paving the way for massively parallel FET detection of multiple pathogens. Antibody- and aptamer-modified FET sensors are then realized, achieving an ultra-sensitive detection of 5 aM of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and 10 human SARS-CoV-2 infectious live virus particles/ml, and selectivity against human influenza A (H1N1) live virus.
Disease progression and clinical outcomes in latent osteoarthritis phenotypes: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Guo Weihua , Huang ZeYu , Zhang Zhao , Bucklin Mary , Martin John 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) is widespread and the heterogeneous patient factors and clinical symptoms in OA patients impede developing personalized treatments for OA patients. In this study, we used unsupervised and supervised machine learning to organize the heterogeneity in knee OA patients and predict disease progression in individuals from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset. We identified four distinct knee OA phenotypes using unsupervised learning that were defined by nutrition, disability, stiffness, and pain (knee and back) and were strongly related to disease fate. Interestingly, the absence of supplemental vitamins from an individual’s diet was protective from disease progression. Moreover, we established a phenotyping tool and prognostic model from 5 variables (WOMAC disability score of the right knee, WOMAC total score of the right knee, WOMAC total score of the left knee, supplemental vitamins and minerals frequency, and antioxidant combination multivitamins frequency) that can be utilized in clinical practice to determine the risk of knee OA progression in individual patients. We also developed a prognostic model to estimate the risk for total knee replacement and provide suggestions for modifiable variables to improve long-term knee health. This combination of unsupervised and supervised data-driven tools provides a framework to identify knee OA phenotype in a clinical scenario and personalize treatment strategies.
Disruption of glucagon receptor induces single α-cell hypersecretion through upregulation of VGF
Authors: Jia Jianxin , Kang Qi , Bai Xuanxuan , Wong F. Susan , Jin Quan-wen , Li Mingyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Antagonism of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) improves glycemic control both in rodent diabetes models and humans with diabetes. However, GCGR antagonism, as well as GCGR-deficiency in animal models, cause side effects of α-cell hyperplasia and hyperglucagonemia, which limit its clinical applications. The cause of these side effects has been unclear. In this study, we performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of α cells from glucagon receptor knockout (GCGR-KO) mice. We confirmed that α cells increased proliferation, and increased the expression of Glucagon and Slc38a5. We also found that the interaction of α cells with other endocrine cells increased, and insulin- and somatostatin-mediated inhibition of glucagon secretion was blunted. Importantly, we demonstrated that the GCGR-KO mouse not only had induced α-cell hyperplasia but also increased glucagon secretion at the single-cell level. Interestingly, GCGR-KO mouse dramatically and specifically increased VGF in α cells. Suppression of VGF reduced the α cell hypersecretion both ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of VGF impaired the formation of immature proglucagon secretory granules in the trans‑Golgi network, and reduced glucagon peptide maturation. These results demonstrated the basis for hyperglucagonemia in the GCGR-deficient animal, and will be beneficial for optimization of clinical application of GCGR antagonism for diabetes treatment.
Anatomic Characteristics of the Lacrimal Sac and Adjacent Bony Structures - A Computed Tomographic-Dacryocystography Study
Authors: Cui Xinhan , Fang Yanwen , Zhang Limin , Qiu Jini , Zhang Chaoran , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose To describe the anatomic characteristics of the lacrimal sac and its adjacent bone structures and to provide surgical recommendations for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN - DCR) in Asians.
Methods This retrospective comparative study involved 118 sides with complete nasolacrimal duct obstruction and 83 unaffected sides. Computed tomographic - dacryocystography (CT-DCG) scans were performed before lacrimal surgery, and image reconstruction was used to obtain continuous 0.75-mm axial, coronal, and segmental sections for review. The morphology of the lacrimal sac and its relationship with adjacent bony structures were determined for measurement, as well as the obstructed location.
Results The height of the lacrimal sac was 12.99 ± 2.10 mm in this study. The operculum of the middle turbinate (OMT) was located vertically in the lower third of the lacrimal sac. Horizontally, the junction between the maxillary bone and the lacrimal bone (MB-LB) was close to, mostly (60.2%) posterior to, the lacrimal sac. The uncinate process was more frequently attached to the lacrimal bones (75.1%). The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD); however, some were placed higher, with 7.63% blocked not lower than the OMT. There was a negative correlation between the diameter of the lacrimal sac and the level of obstruction (r= -0.35, p < 0.01).
Conclusion In this study, the OMT and MB-LB can be served as the landmarks in EN - DCR. Partial uncinectomy should be performed in most cases. The obstructions were generally located around the entrance of the NLD, but some extreme individual variations strongly implies the importance of CT-DCG scanning before surgery.
A Transcription Factor Functional Atlas of Germline Development
Authors: Pocock Roger , Cao Wei , Fan Qi , Amparado Gemmarie , Begic Dean , Godini Rasoul , Gopal Sandeep 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Fertility requires the faithful proliferation of germ cells and their differentiation into gametes. Controlling these cellular states demands precise timing and expression of gene networks.
Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in gene expression networks that influence germ cell development. There has, however, been no functional analysis of the entire TF repertoire in controlling in vivo germ cell development. Here, we analyzed germ cell states and germline architecture to systematically investigate the function of 364 germline-expressed TFs in the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line. Using germline-specific knockdown, automated germ cell counting, and high-content analysis of germ cell nuclei and plasma membrane organization, we identify 156 TFs with discrete autonomous germline functions. By identifying TFs that control the germ cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, germline structure and fertility, we have created an atlas for mechanistic dissection of germ cell behavior and gamete production.
The effect of platelet-rich plasma combined with arthroscopic release in the treatment of frozen shoulder
Authors: Yang Pu , Chen Sipan , Hu Haiqing , Zhang Song 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with arthroscopic release in the treatment of frozen shoulder.
Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 frozen shoulder patients admitted to the Orthopedics Department of Wuhan Third Hospital from January 2019 to January 2023. The two groups were divided according to the difference in postoperative medication injection: the PRP group (25 patients) and the triamcinolone acetonide (TC) group (25 patients). The basic information of the two groups of patients was documented and compared. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Constant-Murley Shoulder Function Score (CMS), the Rotator Cuff Quality-of-life Measure (RC-QOL) , and the range of motion of active forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the shoulder were recorded and compared before surgery and at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery.
Results There were no significant differences in basic demographic information, such as age, sex, disease course, affected side, between the two groups of patients. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the preoperative VAS score, CMS, or joint range of motion between the two groups of patients. Compared to the preoperative values, both groups of patients exhibited significant differences in the VAS score and CMS at each observation time point after surgery. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in CMS at 1 month and 3 months after surgery. At 6 months and 12 months after surgery, the patients in the PRP group had significantly higher CMS scores compared to those in the triamcinolone acetonide group. Within 6 months after surgery, the PRP group exhibited better range of motion in all directions compared to the triamcinolone acetonide group, with statistically significant differences. The RC-QOL scores of patients in the PRP group were higher than those in the triamcinolone acetonide group at 6 and 12 months after surgery.
Conclusion PRP combined with arthroscopic release can effectively alleviate pain in frozen shoulder and improve shoulder joint function, making it an effective treatment plan.
Improving pediatric undertriage in a regional trauma network- a registry cohort study
Authors: Ageron François-Xavier , Evain Jean-Noël , Chifflet Julie , Vallot Cécile , Grèze Jules , Mortamet Guillaume , Bouzat Pierre , Gauss Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Trauma remains an important cause of pediatric death worldwide. Management in dedicated pediatric trauma centers is beneficial making accurate prehospital triage crucial. We assessed the comprehensive undertriage in a regional trauma system after introduction of a revised pediatric triage rule.
Methods: This retrospective, multicenter registry study included all pediatric trauma patients < 15 years admitted to Northern French Alps regional hospitals with suspicion of major trauma and/or an Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3. Triage was assessed before and after introduction of a revised pediatric triage rule; performance was assessed by undertriage, overtriage, sensibility, specificity and likelihood ratios. A multivariable logistic regression identified predictors for undertriage. Undertriage was defined as a child with major trauma (presenting in need for trauma intervention) not directly transported to the pediatric trauma center.
Results: All 1524 pediatric trauma cases from January 2009 to December 2020 were included. Among these, 725/1524 (47.6%) presented with major trauma; 593/1524 (38.9%) were referred to a non-pediatric trauma center, and 220/1524 (15%) were considered undertriaged.over the years, undertriage decreased from 15 to 9%, after introduction of a revised triage rule. The risk of undertriage increased for children > 10 years (OR 2.4; CI 95%: 1.1-5.6; P = 0.03), after a two wheel vehicle road traffic accident (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1-2.7; P =0.03), for girls after a fall (OR 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3-4.7; P <0.01), for boys in winter ski accident (OR 3.0; 95% IC (1.4-6.5); P < 0.01), and for infants with severe limb and pelvic injury (OR 1.6; 95% IC (1.0-2.5); P = 0.04). Revised pediatric triage rules and helicopter transportation were associated with a reduction of undertriage, respectively with OR 0.5; CI 95%: 0.3-0.9; P< 0.02 and OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.3-0.6; P < 0.01.
Conclusion: The regional pediatric undertriage rate decreased to 9% after introduction of a revised triage rule; several clinical factors were associated with undertriage.
Phylogeographic patterns of mitochondrial haplotypes and nuclear genotypes of solanum fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Ryukyu Islands indicate multiple origins and inter-strain breeding of the invasive species in Japan.
Authors: Hisaoka Tomoki , Sekine Reiko , Matsuyama Takashi , Huang Yu-Bing , Itoh Hideomi , Takakura Koh-Ichi , Nishida Takayoshi , Honma Atsushi , Matsuura Yu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons primarily utilizes Solanaceae fruit crops in Ryukyu islands, southwest Japan. The fly species was reported to have invaded Japan twice and their distinct host preferences suggest that the two populations may be different strains derived from remote geographic origins. In this study, we surveyed various populations of B. latifrons in Okinawa by sequencing multiple mitochondrial and nuclear loci, thereby extrapolating their invasion events and phylogenetic origins. We used live, dried or ethanol-fixed specimens of B. latifrons captured from 15 islands between 2004 and 2020. Successfully sequenced COI, COII and ND4 regions of mitochondrial DNA revealed two distinct haplotypes and the phylogenetic analyses with those from other countries indicated that the haplotypes were clustered into two major clades. The most abundant haplotype found on Okinawa Island and many other islands was closely related to those from Malaysia, suggesting that it may have invaded from Southeast Asia. On the other hand, a minor haplotype consisting of older specimens exclusively from Yonaguni Island formed an independent clade along with those from Taiwan. In addition, sequencing cry1 fragment of the nuclear gene uncovered distinct genotypes associated with the two haplotypes. The comparative analyses of both mitochondrial and nuclear genes also indicated crosses and introgression of the two strains on Yonaguni Island recently. Our study clearly demonstrates two distinct haplotypes/genotypes of B. latifrons with alternative host preferences have likely originated from independent invasion pathways, and therefore suggests that their genetic backgrounds should be carefully considered for customized pest control measures.
Pain Attenuation During Peripheral Venous Catheterisation and Venipuncture Among an African Study Population: A Narrative Review.
Authors: Aiseosa Osadolor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Introduction:Pain associated with peripheral venous catheter (PVC) insertion and venipuncture can be a significant source of discomfort, particularly for children. The use of topical anaesthetic preparations before PVC insertion can reduce discomfort and enhance health-seeking behaviour.
Objective:This review was aimed at assessing the efficacy of topical anaesthesia to reduce pain during PVC insertion compared to placebo or no treatment, and the associated adverse effects with the use of topical anaesthetic preparations among the African population.
Methods:This review was conducted using a systematic literature search of the following databases and registers:: PubMed, NDLTD, OATD, TROVE, LILACS, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL & MEDLINE [via EBSCOhost], Africa Journal Online (AJOL), Google Scholar, and MedNar was conducted between November and December 2023. Prospective observational studies, randomised controlled trials, case-control studies, longitudinal studies, theses and dissertations were considered in these searches. A total of four studies and 448 respondents participated in the review.
Result:All studies investigated the efficacy of various topical agents, including 5% EMLA and 10% lidocaine cream, and demonstrated a significant reduction in pain with topical anaesthesia compared to placebo or no treatment. The adverse/side effect profile was generally favourable, with no major adverse reactions reported.
Conclusion:Topical anaesthesia is a valuable tool in reducing procedural pain during peripheral venous catheterization and venipuncture in the African population. This review establishes its superiority over placebo or no treatment. Specifically, 10% lidocaine outperforms 5% EMLA in minimizing procedural pain with minimal side effects. Further research is needed to explore alternative preparations for cases of adverse reactions and ineffective anaesthesia.
Fructus mori: An Updated Review on Botany, Phytonutrient, Detection,
Bioactivity, Quality Marker, and Application
Authors: Li Ling-Na 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Fructus mori (mulberry) is not only a delicious fruit with rich phytonutrients
and health functions but also a medicinal plant with many clinical therapeutic values for
tonifying kidneys and consolidating essence, making hair black and eyes bright.

Methods:
The related references about F. mori in this review from 1996 to 2022 had been collected
from both online and offline databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, SciFinder, Willy,
SciHub, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar,
ACS publications, and CNKI. The other information was acquired from ancient books and classical
works about F. mori.

Results:
An updated summary of phytonutrients from F. mori was listed as fellows: flavonoids
(1-20) (23.5%), phenolic acids (21-34) 16.5%), alkaloids (35-75) (48.2%), polysaccharides (76-
78) (3.5%), other compounds (79-85) (8.3%). The above chemical components were detected by
TLC, UV-Vis, HPLC, GC-MS, and AAS methods for their quality standards. The various bioactivities
(hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, and other
activities) of mulberry are summarized and discussed in this review, which laid an important
basis for analyzing their mechanisms and quality markers. This review summarized its applications
for vinegar, wine, yogurt, drink, jelly, and sweetmeat in food fields, and the existing problems
and future development directions are also discussed in this review.

Conclusions:
This review made a comprehensive description of F. mori, including botany, phytonutrient,
detection, bioactivity, quality marker, and application. It will not only provide some
important clues for further studying F. mori, but also provide some valuable suggestions for
in-depth research and development of F. mori.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tear with
Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
Authors: Zeng Ling-Feng , Zhang Xian-Quan , Yang Wei-Yi , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract::
Rotator cuff tear is a common injury among middle-aged and elderly people, and it
has a great impact on patients' physical and mental health and quality of life. Integrative medicine
based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has certain advantages in the diagnosis and
treatment of rotator cuff tears. TCM, which mainly involves the use of plant-based products, has
relatively stable and reliable curative effects. It is of great significance to formulate a combined
diagnosis and treatment plan for rotator cuff tear based on evidence-based medicine, which can
help to standardize the clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques of TCM and Western medicine
and achieve better therapeutic effects. This guideline standardizes the diagnosis and treatment
process of rotator cuff tear from the aspects of range, terminology and definition, diagnosis,
TCM syndrome differentiation, treatment, functional exercise, and prevention and care. It
makes recommendations that cover the adoption of manual therapy, acupuncture, and other integrative
medicine based on TCM. Users of these guidelines are most likely to include clinicians
and health managers in healthcare settings.