bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional motility cycle in leukocytes
Authors: Murray John , Vawter‐Hugart Holly , Voss Edward , Soll David R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA 3‐dimensional dynamic image analyzing system (3D‐DIAS) has been developed in which a translocating cell is optically sectioned in the z‐axis within a 2 sec period; the perimeter of the cell in each section is digitized into the 3D‐DIAS data file, and the digitized perimeters are wrapped in order to reconstruct the cell image in three dimensions. Using 3D‐DIAS, we have obtained the first dynamic 3‐dimensional description of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) translo‐cating on a glass surface. A general behavior cycle has emerged which includes two phases. In the first, an ellipsoidal PMN with significant z‐axis extends anteriorly and descends to the substratum. When the ventral surface of the anterior end contacts the substratum, there is rapid anterior expansion, which correlates with velocity peaks. In the second phase, the elongate PMN stops translocating along the substratum, the anterior end lifts off of the substratum, sometimes to heights greater than the length of the PMN at the substratum, and finally the PMN retracts into an ellipsoidal morphology still capable of random protrusions. During this second phase, which correlates with velocity troughs, turning usually occurs. The degree of turning is restricted by the continuous integrity of the posterior uropod. The period of the behavior cycle varies from roughly 0.5 to 2 min between PMNs, but is relatively constant within each individual PMN. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of calibration beads for sorting cells expressing a β‐lactamase gene reporter
Authors: Cunningham Michael E. , Kapitskaya Marianna , Petrukhin Konstantin , Bednar Bohumil 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackgroundModern drug discovery has been based on high‐throughput screening using whole‐cell assays. A prominent role has been assigned to the reporter gene technology based on a β‐lactamase and the fluorogenic substrate CCF2. Successful application of this technology requires fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. We describe the preparation and characterization of calibration beads for sorting cells expressing the β‐lactamase gene using the CCF2 substrate.MethodsTo model Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the coumarin donor and the fluorescein acceptor of the CCF2 reporting dye, we used activated polystyrene beads with primary amino groups. Donor and acceptor fluorophores were attached to the beads at different ratios via succinimidyl esters. The beads were characterized with a fluorescence plate reader and a flow cytometer.ResultsWe prepared polystyrene beads with five different ratios of donor and acceptor fluorophores and beads that carried a donor or a receptor fluorophore alone. Fluorescence measurements demonstrated that the prepared beads well represent the FRET of CCF2 substrate.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that the prepared beads can be successfully used for the setup of fluorescence‐activated cell sorting to sort cells with CCF2 reporter substrate and the β‐lactamase reporter gene. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant methylation of secreted frizzled‐related protein genes in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Zou Hongzhi , Molina Julian R. , Harrington Jonathan J. , Osborn Neal K. , Klatt Kristie K. , Romero Yvonne , Burgart Lawrence J. , Ahlquist David A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractHypermethylation of secreted frizzled‐related proteins (SFRP) genes frequently occurs with several cancers but has not been studied in esophageal adenocarcinoma or its precursor—Barrett's esophagus. To explore the role of SFRP methylation in the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus and to evaluate methylated SFRP genes as biomarkers for Barrett's esophagus and cancer, methylation of SFRP genes was determined in esophageal adenocarcinomas, Barrett's esophagus and normal epithelia using methylation‐specific PCR. Protein expression of SFRP genes was then assessed in these tissues by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of SFRP genes was quantified by real‐time reverse‐transcription PCR in esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines with and without demethylation by 5‐aza‐2′deoxycytidine and inhibition of deacetylation by trichostatin A treatment. Hypermethylation of SFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 was detected in 93%, 83%, 73% and 85% of 40 cancers; 81%, 89%, 78% and 73% of 37 Barrett's epithelia; 25%, 64%, 32% and 21% of 28 adjacent normal epithelia from Barrett's patients; and 10%, 67%, 0% and 13% of 30 normal esophagogastric epithelia from healthy individuals, respectively (p < 0.001 for SFRP1, 4 and 5; p < 0.05 for SFRP2). Protein expression of SFRP1, 2 and 4 was downregulated in 87%, 67% and 90% of cancers, and expression correlated inversely with grade and stage of cancers and with grade of dysplasia. Expression of SFRP2 and SFRP4 proteins was lower in cancers with corresponding gene methylation (p < 0.05). Demethylation treatment effectively re‐expressed SFRP mRNA in cancer cell lines. Thus, hypermethylation of SFRP genes is a common early event in the evolution of esophageal adenocarcinoma, and methylation of SFRP1, 4 and 5 might serve as biomarkers for Barrett's neoplasia. Aberrant promoter methylation appears to functionally silence SFRP gene expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional analysis of p53 gene and the prognostic impact of dominant‐negative p53 mutation in endometrial cancer
Authors: Sakuragi Noriaki , Watari Hidemichi , Ebina Yasuhiko , Yamamoto Ritsu , Steiner Eric , Koelbl Heinz , Yano Masahiro , Tada Mitsuhiro , Moriuchi Tetsuya 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn addition to the loss of function, mutant p53 can possess a dominant‐negative effect on wild‐type p53 and may also exert gain‐of‐function activity. It is not clear whether the functional status of p53 mutation contributes to differences in outcome in endometrial cancer. We collected a total of 92 RNA samples of high quality from endometrial cancer tissues, and the samples were subjected to yeast functional assay and sequencing for p53 mutations. The detected mutant p53 genes were further investigated for their dominant‐negative activity using a yeast‐based transdominance assay. p53 mutation was found in 24 out of 92 (26.1%) tumors, of which 10 exhibited no dominant‐negative activity (recessive mutation) and 14 showed dominant‐negative activity. Dominant‐negative p53 mutation was related to advanced stages (p = 0.01), nonendometrioid type tumors (p = 0.01) and grade 3 tumors (p = 0.04). The patients with dominant‐negative mutation had significantly shorter survival than patients with no mutation (p < 0.0001) and those with a recessive mutation (p = 0.01) in the p53 gene. No difference in survival was found between the patients with tumors harboring a recessive p53 mutation and those with tumors harboring a wild‐type p53. Multivariate analysis revealed that dominant‐negative p53 mutation (p = 0.019), FIGO stage (p = 0.0037) and histologic subtype (p = 0.014) were independently related to patient survival. Dominant‐negative p53 mutation was the most important prognostic factor for stage III/IV endometrial cancer (p = 0.0023). In conclusion, dominant‐negative p53 mutation is often found in advanced stages and aggressive histologic subtypes of endometrial cancer and it is a strong predictor of survival of patients with advanced endometrial cancer. To elucidate further the role of p53 mutation in endometrial cancer, it is necessary to investigate gain‐of‐function activity involving dominant‐negative p53 mutant proteins. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Areca (betel) nut extract activates mitogen‐activated protein kinasesand NF‐κB in oral keratinocytes
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chun , Lu Suu‐Yi , Lee Szu‐Ying , Lin Chi‐Yen , Chen Chun‐Hsien , Chang Kuo‐Wei 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAreca (betel) was recently proved a carcinogenic substance by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, the signaling impact of areca in oral keratinocyte is still obscure. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase superfamilies, including extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK) and p38, together with transcription factor NF‐κB, are important signaling elements. We examined the activation of these signaling pathways in OECM‐1 and SAS oral keratinocytes, treated with ripe areca nut extract (ANE). In both cells, a rapid increase in JNK1 activity at 0.5 hr was noted following treatment of ANE. ERK was profoundly activated during 0.5–2 hr in OECM‐1 cells. Contrasting p38 activity was noted in these 2 cells. In both cells, ANE also activated NF‐κB pathway in a biphasic manner, particularly for SAS cells. NF‐κB was activated by ∼ 2‐ to 4‐fold at 0.5–1 hr and a plateau or slight decrease of activity existed between 1 and 6 hr. Later, another higher episode of NF‐κB activity was raised. This was accompanied with the rapid degradation in cytosolic IκBα as well as an increase of nuclear NF‐κB in both cells. ANE treatment did not activate epidermal growth factor receptor signaling system, but blockage of NF‐κB activation rendered the suppression of ANE‐modulated COX‐2 upregulation in OECM‐1. This study identified that ANE affected interactive signaling systems in oral keratonocytes that could be the pathogenetic basis for areca. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helminthic infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Miller Sara E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractStrongyloides stercoralis, the only helminthic parasite that can complete its life cycle in the human host, is also the only helminthic parasite that has been reported with any frequency in AIDS patients. Symptoms include hives, skin eruptions, abdominal pain, perianal pruitis, diarrhea, and pneumonitis. Diagnosis is made by demonstrating rhabditiform larvae in the stool or female parasitic worms and eggs in the small intestinal mucosa; in disseminated cases, rhabditiform or filariform larvae can be found in liver, heart, lungs, thyroid, kidneys, adrenals, pancreas, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. Successful treatment has been achieved with thiabendazol. Strongyloidiasis is uncommon, but since cell‐mediated immunity is important in combatting this organism, and since T‐lymphocyte function is impaired in AIDS patients, strongyloidiasis should not be overlooked in the diagnosis of opportunistic illnesses in these individuals.
Packing of linear molecules: An electron microscope study of disorder in mesophases and binary solids
Authors: Dorset Douglas L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWith the aid of epitaxial orientation techniques originally designed for linear polymer crystallization, it is found that a large assortment of linear chain molecules can be prepared for electron diffraction study in a projection onto the molecular axes. This not only facilitates a study of ordered monodisperse molecular crystal structures but also of the disordered state as well, including thermotropic phase transitions and the structure of binary solids. Representative studies of monodisperse and polydisperse phase behavior based on electron diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements are reviewed for n‐paraffins, glycerolipids, and cholesteryl esters. The importance of observing the microcrystalline state is readily apparent from these studies—not only because the symmetry of individual small crystals can be determined, but also because local structural variations not detectable in bulk measurements are readily observed.
Muscle activity at the ilio‐sacral articulation of frogs
Authors: Emerson Sharon B. , De Jongh H. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractElectromyographic recording indicates that the sequence of muscle firing around the ilio‐sacral joint is similar for three species of frogs during locomotion, despite differences in gross morphology at the articulation. The ilio‐sacral musculature is most active during the take‐off phase of a jump, and there is a correlation between the degree of muscle activity and height of jump. This muscle activity is involved in aligning the center of mass of the frog with the direction of the propulsive force of the jump. The firing pattern of the ilio‐sacral musculature is essentially similar during swimming and jumping, and suggests that differences in medium (water vs. air) are responsible for differences in propulsive thrust in the two types of locomotion.
Culture method for the induction of neurospheres from mouse embryonic stem cells by coculture with PA6 stromal cells
Authors: Kitajima Hideomi , Yoshimura Shinichi , Kokuzawa Jouji , Kato Masayasu , Iwama Toru , Motohashi Tsutomu , Kunisada Takahiro , Sakai Noboru 
Published: April 2005

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate and maintain their pluripotency for over 1 year in vitro and may therefore provide a sufficient source for cell therapies. However, most of the previously reported methods for obtaining a source for cell therapies have not been simple. We describe here a novel method for induction of neurospheres from mouse ES cells by coculturing on PA6 cells instead of the formation of embryoid bodies. The ES cells cocultured with the PA6 stromal cell line for at least 3 days were capable of differentiating into spheres. The cells in the spheres were all green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive, showing that they were derived from GFP‐expressing D3‐ES cells. The spheres contained nestin‐positive cells. The number of spheres increased when they were cocultured with PA6 for a longer period. Sphere formation was observed even after 10 mechanical dissociations and subculturings, showing its self‐renewal ability. The cells differentiated into microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP2)‐positive neuronal cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive glial cells. γ‐Aminobutyric acid‐positive cells and tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive cells were also observed in the spheres. The percentages of the MAP2‐ or GFAP‐positive cells in the sphere changed according to the period of coculture on PA6 cells. At an early stage of coculture, more neurons were generated and, at a later period, more glial cells were generated. These results suggested that neurosphere could be generated from ES cells by coculturing with PA6, and that these cells resembled neural stem cells derived from mouse fetal brain tissue. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tensile bond strength of a flowable composite resin to ER:YAG‐laser‐treated dentin
Authors: Donadio‐Moura Juliana , Gouw‐Soares Sheila , de Freitas Patricia M. , Navarro Ricardo S. , Powell Lynn G. , Eduardo Carlos de P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis in vitro study evaluated the influence of a flowable composite resin (FCR) on the tensile bond strength of resin to dentin treated with the Er:YAG Laser (L) and diamond bur (DB).Study Design/Materials and MethodsNinety dentin surfaces obtained from 45 third molars were ground and randomly divided into six groups (n = 15): G1–DB, G2–DB+FCR, G3–L (100 mJ, 10 Hz, 37.04 J/cm2), G4–L (100 mJ, 10 Hz, 37.04 J/cm2)+FCR, G5–L (250 mJ, 2 Hz, 92.60 J/cm2), and G6–L (250 mJ, 2 Hz, 92.60 J/cm2)+FCR. After surface etching with 37% phosphoric acid and the application of an adhesive system, inverted conical specimens were prepared with a hybrid composite resin. In groups G2, G4, and G6 a FCR was placed before the hybrid composite resin. After 24 hours‐storage in distilled water, the tensile test was performed in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/minute, 500 N).ResultsData were submitted to Kruskal Wallis test (P = 0.01). The mean bond strength values (MPa±SD) were: G1–13.54 (±2.99), G2–14.67 (±2.32), G3–9.49 (±3.09), G4–14.60 (±2.76), G5–8.97 (±3.89), and G6–13.02 (±2.18). Groups G1 and G2 presented the highest bond strength values, which were statistically similar to those of G4 and G6. The groups treated with laser and without the FCR (G3 and G5) showed the lowest shear bond strength values.ConclusionsFCR can increase the adhesion to dentin treated with Er:YAG laser within different parameters. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of the coagulation dynamics of bovine liver using the modified microscopic Beer–Lambert law
Authors: Terenji Albert , Willmann Stefan , Osterholz Jens , Hering Peter , Schwarzmaier Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDuring heating, the optical properties of biological tissues change with the coagulation state. In this study, we propose a technique, which uses these changes to monitor the coagulation process during laser‐induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT).Study Design/Materials and MethodsUntreated and coagulated (water bath, temperatures between 35°C and 90°C for 20 minutes.) samples of bovine liver tissue were examined using a Nd:YAG (λ = 1064 nm) frequency‐domain reflectance spectrometer. We determined the time integrated intensities (IDC) and the phase shifts (Φ) of the photon density waves after migration through the tissue. From these measured quantities, the time of flight (TOF) of the photons and the absorption coefficients of the samples were derived using the modified microscopic Beer–Lambert law.ResultsThe absorption coefficients of the liver samples decreased significantly with the temperature in the range between 50°C and 70°C. At the same time, the TOF of the investigated photos was found increased indicating an increased scattering. The coagulation dynamics could be well described using the Arrhenius formalism with the activation energy of 106 kJ/mol and the frequency factor of 1.59×1013/second.ConclusionsFrequency‐domain reflectance spectroscopy in combination with the modified microscopic Beer–Lambert (MBL) is suitable to measure heat induced changes in the absorption and scattering properties of bovine liver in vitro. The technique may be used to monitor the coagulation dynamics during local thermo‐coagulation in vivo. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A monolithic 5.2‐GHz single‐ended input and single‐ended output GaInp/GaAs HBT upconversion Gilbert mixer with integrated oscillator
Authors: Meng C. C. , Hsu S. K. , Huang G. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA truly balanced operation of a 5.2‐GHz Gilbert micromixer with a single‐ended input and a single‐ended output is demonstrated using 2‐μm GaInP/GaAs HBT technology. Because the micromixer has a single‐ended input, a passive LC current combiner is used to convert the mixer‐differential output into a single‐ended output. A cross‐coupled LC oscillator with oscillation frequency of 4.3 GHz and a cascode buffer amplifier are also integrated in the same chip. The fully integrated upconversion micromixer has conversion gain of −2.5 dB and OP1dB of −12.5 dBm when input IF = 0.9 GHz and thus output RF = 5.2 GHz. The IF input return loss is better than 25 dB for frequencies up to 6 GHz, while the RF output return loss is better than 12 dB for frequencies from 5.15 to 5.35 GHz. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 277–279, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20795
A novel compact interembedded AMC structure for integrated circuits and antenna arrays
Authors: Yan Dunbao , Wang Chao , Gao Qiang , Yuan Naichang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA novel compact interembedded artificial magnetic conductor (IE‐AMC) structure is introduced in this paper. For a desired bandgap frequency, the cell size of this novel IE‐AMC structure is only 30% to 40% of the conventional Sienvenpiper structure with the same substrate used. The IE‐AMC structure is very suitable to microwave integrated circuits and antenna‐arrays applications, especially in wireless‐communication bands (GSM, PCS, and ISM). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 303–305, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20803
Channel add/drop response in narrowband ASE feedback GC‐EDFA
Authors: Haoken Huoermaiti , Poopalan Prabakaran , Ahmad Harith 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe effect of channel add/drop response on a new and novel type of narrowband ASE feedback EDFA is investigated. This gain‐clamped amplifier utilizes multiple fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in a simulated eight‐channel WDM network. This experiment demonstrates that in order to minimize variation of surviving‐channel power to less then 0.28 dB for channel add/drop, the ASE feedback attenuation level and pump power are critical. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 307–309, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20805
Message transmission using RF chaotic modulation‐demodulation system
Authors: Chou Hsi‐Chiang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a technique for transmitting information using a RF chaotic modulation–demodulation system. This system is composed of two parts: (i) a modulation–demodulation circuit, which is constructed using a chaotic Colpitts oscillator and (ii) an interface circuit, which is constructed using wideband OP and passive elements. The information is masked by adding a RF chaotic signal to be transmitted, and is obtained by subtraction of the chaotic signal at the receiver. The results of both practical experiments and simulations are presented to verify our approach. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 321–324, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20811
Neuromuscular manifestations of critical illness
Authors: Bolton Charles F. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCritical illness, more precisely defined as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), occurs in 20%–50% of patients who have been on mechanical ventilation for more than 1 week in an intensive care unit. Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and myopathy (CIM), singly or in combination, occur commonly in these patients and present as limb weakness and difficulty in weaning from the ventilator. Critical illness myopathy can be subdivided into thick‐filament (myosin) loss, cachectic myopathy, acute rhabdomyolysis, and acute necrotizing myopathy of intensive care. SIRS is the predominant underlying factor in CIP and is likely a factor in CIM even though the effects of neuromuscular blocking agents and steroids predominate in CIM. Identification and characterization of the polyneuropathy and myopathy depend upon neurological examination, electrophysiological studies, measurement of serum creatine kinase, and, if features suggest a myopathy, muscle biopsy. The information is valuable in deciding treatment and prognosis. Muscle Nerve, 2005