bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation of motion for an isolated finite size particle in a rotating tank flow
Authors: Rastello Marie , Marié Jean-Louis , Karan Venayagamoorthy S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The initiation of motion of an isolated finite size particle within a rotating fluid in a tank is investigated experimentally. The study leverages on the absence of slip velocity to explore the impact rotation has on the initiation of the motion of a particle. Results show that the motion, when it occurs, is purely radial. It is initiated when the centrifugal force acting on the particle overcomes the friction force exerted on it by the tank bottom. A model of friction force that reproduces the experimental data quite well is proposed. It is based on the classical Coulomb’s friction law and pressure considerations. Denoting rc
as the radial position of a particle when its motion starts, the critical radius

r

∗
c

=

r
c

/

d

essentially depends on the density ratio γ, the Froude number

F

r

ω

=

ω
2

d

/

g

but also the ratio of the tank radius to the particle size:

α
=
R

/

d

.

F

r

ω

is based on the particle diameter d, the shear velocity

Δ
U
=
ω
d

with ω the rotation rate and g the acceleration due to gravity. The agreement of the model with the experimental data is obtained for the same friction coefficient λ = 0.019 whatever the particles. The value is not far from the value 0.05 generally expected for lubricated smooth plastic/plastic friction coefficients. The model also shows that for a given tank radius a critical rotation speed exists below which, no initiation of motion can be expected.
Site-controlled preparation of metallic microstructures via mechanical scratch-induced selective electrodeposition
Authors: Zhu Jie , Gan Yinkai , Cui Licong , Liu Renxing , Tan Rui , Jiang Yanlin , Qian Linmao , Yu Bingjun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Controlled preparation of metallic microstructures attracts wide interest in sensor and electronic fields. However, limited by fabrication technology, it faces challenges in achieving template-free and orientational formation of metallic microstructures. Herein, a site-controlled strategy via scratch-induced selective electrodeposition was proposed to prepare high-quality metallic structures on silicon (Si) surface with the assistance of scanning probe lithography (SPL). The effects of scratching and depositing conditions were systematically investigated for optimizing the preparation process. Selective electrodeposition mechanisms were addressed through topographic and conductive detections. It was found that single-cycle scratch created under higher loads was beneficial for preparing compact and continuous Cu structures. Further analysis indicated that higher normal loads in scratching can facilitate obtaining more conductive sites, promoting orientated migration of metal ions during the reaction, while the increase of reciprocating cycles can cause more amorphous layers and hinder electron transport. Moreover, post-annealing treatment can lead to the growth of Cu grain sizes, which contributes to the crystallinity. Notably, the proposed method is demonstrated with the preparation of Cu coils, which is sensitive to alternating magnetic field. These findings shed new light on the site-controlled preparation of high-quality metallic microstructures and the applications.
Superconductivity and electron self-energy in tungsten-sulfur-hydride monolayer
Authors: Seeyangnok J , Ul Hassan M M , Pinsook U , Ackland G J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen-rich structures have recently gained attention as a candidate for room-temperature superconductors. Hydrogen has high phonon frequencies and can be an ideal component for superconductors if it also exhibits strong electron–phonon coupling. In bulk materials, this has been achieved only under very high pressure. Two-dimensional hydrogen-decorated materials can also be expected to become superconductors. Recently, it was shown that a Janus MoSH monolayer can be synthesized (Lu et al 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol.
12 744–9), and a theoretical investigation of this MoSH monolayer claimed that T
c = 28.58 K at atmospheric pressure (Liu et al 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 245420). In this work, we propose that tungsten sulfur hydride (WSH) is also a superconducting Janus monolayer. The

T

c

is carefully calculated with very high resolution via the Eliashberg spectral function and the electron self-energy. We find that WSH is a conventional BCS superconductor with T
c = 12.2 K at ambient pressure. For practical applications, sensitive dependence on substrate is inferred. We also reported the electron self-energy of WSH, which can be compared directly with future measurements from angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.
New twisted van der Waals fabrication method based on strongly adhesive polymer
Authors: Park Giung , Son Suhan , Kim Jongchan , Chang Yunyeong , Zhang Kaixuan , Kim Miyoung , Lee Jieun , Park Je-Geun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Observations of emergent quantum phases in twisted bilayer graphene prompted a flurry of activities in van der Waals (vdW) materials beyond graphene. Most current twisted experiments use a so-called tear-and-stack method using a polymer called polypropylene carbonate (PPC). However, despite the clear advantage of the current PPC tear-and-stack method, there are also technical limitations, mainly a limited number of vdW materials that can be studied using this PPC-based method. This technical bottleneck has been preventing further development of the exciting field beyond a few available vdW samples. To overcome this challenge and facilitate future expansion, we developed a new tear-and-stack method using a strongly adhesive polycaprolactone. With similar angular accuracy, our technology allows fabrication without a capping layer, facilitating surface analysis and ensuring inherently clean interfaces and low operating temperatures. More importantly, it can be applied to many other vdW materials that have remained inaccessible with the PPC-based method. We present our results on twist homostructures made with a wide choice of vdW materials—from two well-studied vdW materials (graphene and MoS2) to the first-ever demonstrations of other vdW materials (NbSe2, NiPS3, and Fe3GeTe2). Therefore, our new technique will help expand moiré physics beyond few selected vdW materials and open up more exciting developments.
Dipolar interactions enhanced by two-dimensional dielectric screening in few-layer van der Waals structures
Authors: Hou Yuhang , Yu Hongyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We theoretically examined how the dielectric screening of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials affects the dipolar interaction between interlayer excitons (IXs) in few-layer van der Waals structures. Our analysis indicates that the dipolar interaction is largely enhanced by 2D dielectric screening at an inter-exciton separation of several nanometers or larger. The underlying mechanism can be attributed to the induced-charge densities in layered materials, which give rise to induced-dipole densities at large distances with directions parallel to that of the IX. The interaction between quadrupolar excitons in trilayer structures are found to be enhanced even larger, with a magnitude one to two orders stronger than that without 2D dielectric screening. The strengths of these dipolar and quadrupolar interactions can be further tuned by engineering the dielectric environment.
Radioactive source localization employing resistive electrode array (REA) detector
Authors: Hoegele Wolfgang , Zhang Victoria , Grace Vasquez Elena , Gineitaite Indre , Sajo Erno , Brivio Davide , Zygmanski Piotr 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. In this feasibility study, we explore an application of a Resistive Electrode Array (REA) for localization of a radioactive point source. The inverse problem posed by multichannel REA detection is studied from mathematical perspective and involves the questions of the minimal configuration of the conductive leads that can achieve this goal. The basic configuration consists of a circularly shaped REA with four opposite electrical lead–pairs at its perimeter. Approach. A robust mathematical reconstruction method for a 3D radioactive source relative to the REA is presented. The characteristic empirical Green’s function for the detector response of the REA is determined by numerically solving Laplace equations with appropriate boundary conditions. Based on this model, Monte Carlo simulations of the inverse problem with Gaussian noise are performed and the overall accuracy of the localization is investigated. Main results. The results show a 3D error distribution of localization which is uniform in the (x, y)–plane of the REA and strongly correlated in the orthogonal z–axis. The overall accuracy decreases with higher distance of the source to the detector which is intuitive due to approximate flux dependence following the inverse square law. Further, a saturation in accuracy regarding the number of electrical leads and a linear dependence of the reconstruction error on the measurement noise level are observed. Significance. A broad range of REA detector configurations and their characteristics are investigated by this study for radioactive source localization allowing diverse practical applications with detector diameters ranging from millimeters to meters.
Mathematical diversity of parts for a continuous distribution
Authors: Rajaram R , Ritchey N , Castellani B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The current paper is part of a series exploring how to link diversity measures (e.g., Gini-Simpson index, Shannon entropy, Hill numbers) to a distribution’s original shape and to compare parts of a distribution, in terms of diversity, with the whole. This linkage is crucial to understanding the exact relationship between the density of an original probability distribution, denoted by p(x), and the diversity D in non-uniform distributions, both within parts of a distribution and the whole. Empirically, our results are an important advance since we can compare various parts of a distribution, noting that systems found in contemporary data often have unequal distributions that possess multiple diversity types and have unknown and changing frequencies at different scales (e.g. income, economic complexity ratings, rankings, etc.). To date, we have proven our results for discrete distributions. Our focus here is continuous distributions. In both instances, we do so by linking case-based entropy, a diversity approach we developed, to a probability distribution’s shape for continuous distributions. This allows us to demonstrate that the original probability distribution g
1, the case-based entropy curve g
2, and the slope of diversity g
3 (c
(a,x) versus the

c

(
a
,
x
)

*
ln

A

(
a
,
x
)

curve) are one-to-one (or injective). Put simply, a change in the probability distribution, g
1, leads to variations in the curves for g
2 and g
3. Consequently, any alteration in the permutation of the initial probability distribution, which results in a different form, will distinctly define the graphs g
2 and g3
. By demonstrating the injective property of our method for continuous distributions, we introduce a unique technique to gauge the level of uniformity as indicated by D/c. Furthermore, we present a distinct method to calculate D/c for different forms of the original continuous distribution, enabling comparison of various distributions and their components.
Energy system changes in the agricultural sector: testing a value-congruent communication approach to foster positive attitudes
Authors: Olvermann Madita , Kauffeld Simone 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Multiple sectors, including agriculture, are subject to decarbonization and wide-ranging system changes. With a growing distance between agriculture and the public, communicating changes and fostering public acceptance as crucial factors for the success of these changes has become challenging. Therefore, understanding public attitudes towards emerging system changes in unfamiliar sectors helps identify appropriate communication strategies and provides information about possible responses from different stakeholders. To address the scarcity of studies on system changes in agriculture and their acceptability, a multidimensional evaluation of attitudes was undertaken using a factorial survey to test the utility of value-congruent information for enhancing positive attitudes. Electrical field cultivation (EFC) served as a case example for one potential energy system change in agriculture. The data were collected via an open scientific survey panel in Germany (N = 300) using a written vignette in the form of a newspaper article; different benefit foci and hypotheses were tested using path analysis. Although the different benefit foci did not reveal significant differences, problem awareness and knowledge were found to predict positive attitudes toward EFC. For once, results highlight the need to foster overall problem awareness for fossil fuels to garner public support for various pathways. Additionally, results underscore the perceived lack of personal affectedness by transition pathways as a barrier to responding to communication strategies, specifically in unfamiliar sectors such as agriculture. The study outlines the need for stakeholders to design communication strategies under consideration of fostering personal affectedness and overall problem understanding.
Surface enhanced infrared absorption mechanism and modification of the plasmonic response
Authors: Colleu Tanguy , Fekete Adam , Gonze Xavier , Cloots Alexandre , Liégeois Vincent , Rignanese Gian-Marco , Henrard Luc 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) is an experimental method where trace amount of a compound can be detected with high sensibility. This high detection sensibility is the result of the interaction of the molecules with a localized plasmon, usually from a metallic nanoparticle. In this study we numerically investigate by discrete dipole approximation the origin of the Fano-like response of the system, including the induced transparency when the plasmon resonance and the molecular vibrational mode coincide. The detailed analysis of the localization of the absorption shows that the modification of the absorption cross-section when the molecule is present comes from a change of the plasmonic resonance, not from the direct molecular response which is negligible. This sheds a new light on the SEIRA mechanism. In particular, it demonstrates that the sensibility is associated with the influence of the molecule on the plasmon resonance rather than with the local field enhancement itself.
NanoCon: contrastive learning-based deep hybrid network for nanopore methylation detection
Authors: Yin Chenglin , Wang Ruheng , Qiao Jianbo , Shi Hua , Duan Hongliang , Jiang Xinbo , Teng Saisai , Wei Leyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Motivation
5-Methylcytosine (5mC), a fundamental element of DNA methylation in eukaryotes, plays a vital role in gene expression regulation, embryonic development, and other biological processes. Although several computational methods have been proposed for detecting the base modifications in DNA like 5mC sites from Nanopore sequencing data, they face challenges including sensitivity to noise, and ignoring the imbalanced distribution of methylation sites in real-world scenarios.

Results
Here, we develop NanoCon, a deep hybrid network coupled with contrastive learning strategy to detect 5mC methylation sites from Nanopore reads. In particular, we adopted a contrastive learning module to alleviate the issues caused by imbalanced data distribution in nanopore sequencing, offering a more accurate and robust detection of 5mC sites. Evaluation results demonstrate that NanoCon outperforms existing methods, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool in genomic sequencing and methylation prediction. In addition, we also verified the effectiveness of our representation learning ability on two datasets by visualizing the dimension reduction of the features of methylation and nonmethylation sites from our NanoCon. Furthermore, cross-species and cross-5mC methylation motifs experiments indicated the robustness and the ability to perform transfer learning of our model. We hope this work can contribute to the community by providing a powerful and reliable solution for 5mC site detection in genomic studies.

Availability and implementation
The project code is available at https://github.com/Challis-yin/NanoCon.
Multivariate lesion symptom mapping for predicting trajectories of recovery from aphasia
Authors: Levy Deborah F , Entrup Jillian L , Schneck Sarah M , Onuscheck Caitlin F , Rahman Maysaa , Kasdan Anna , Casilio Marianne , Willey Emma , Davis L Taylor , de Riesthal Michael , Kirshner Howard S , Wilson Stephen M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Individuals with post-stroke aphasia tend to recover their language to some extent; however, it remains challenging to reliably predict the nature and extent of recovery that will occur in the long term. The aim of this study was to quantitatively predict language outcomes in the first year of recovery from aphasia across multiple domains of language and at multiple timepoints post-stroke. We recruited 217 patients with aphasia following acute left hemisphere ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke and evaluated their speech and language function using the Quick Aphasia Battery acutely and then acquired longitudinal follow-up data at up to three timepoints post-stroke: 1 month (n = 102), 3 months (n = 98) and 1 year (n = 74). We used support vector regression to predict language outcomes at each timepoint using acute clinical imaging data, demographic variables and initial aphasia severity as input. We found that ∼60% of the variance in long-term (1 year) aphasia severity could be predicted using these models, with detailed information about lesion location importantly contributing to these predictions. Predictions at the 1- and 3-month timepoints were somewhat less accurate based on lesion location alone, but reached comparable accuracy to predictions at the 1-year timepoint when initial aphasia severity was included in the models. Specific subdomains of language besides overall severity were predicted with varying but often similar degrees of accuracy. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using support vector regression models with leave-one-out cross-validation to make personalized predictions about long-term recovery from aphasia and provide a valuable neuroanatomical baseline upon which to build future models incorporating information beyond neuroanatomical and demographic predictors.
Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed neuronal specific microstructural alterations in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Spotorno Nicola , Najac Chloé , Strandberg Olof , Stomrud Erik , van Westen Danielle , Nilsson Markus , Ronen Itamar , Hansson Oskar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In Alzheimer’s disease, reconfiguration and deterioration of tissue microstructure occur before substantial degeneration become evident. We explored the diffusion properties of both water, a ubiquitous marker measured by diffusion MRI, and N-acetyl-aspartate, a neuronal metabolite probed by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy, for investigating cortical microstructural changes downstream of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. To this aim, 50 participants from the Swedish BioFINDER-2 study were scanned on both 7 and 3 T MRI systems. We found that in cognitively impaired participants with evidence of both abnormal amyloid-beta (CSF amyloid-beta42/40) and tau accumulation (tau-PET), the N-acetyl-aspartate diffusion rate was significantly lower than in cognitively unimpaired participants (P &lt; 0.05). This supports the hypothesis that intraneuronal tau accumulation hinders diffusion in the neuronal cytosol. Conversely, water diffusivity was higher in cognitively impaired participants (P &lt; 0.001) and was positively associated with the concentration of myo-inositol, a preferentially astrocytic metabolite (P &lt; 0.001), suggesting that water diffusion is sensitive to alterations in the extracellular space and in glia. In conclusion, measuring the diffusion properties of both water and N-acetyl-aspartate provides rich information on the cortical microstructure in Alzheimer’s disease, and can be used to develop new sensitive and specific markers to microstructural changes occurring during the disease course.
ASIC1 promotes migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via the PRKACA/AP-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Youyi , Wang Boshi , Cheng Yang , Fang Yipeng , Hou Yingjian , Mao Yong , Wu Xiaomin , Jiang Donglin , He Youzhao , Jin Cheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits a high mortality rate due to its high invasion and metastatic nature, and the acidic microenvironment plays a pivotal role. Acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1) is upregulated in HCC tissues and facilitates tumor progression in a pH-dependent manner, while the specific mechanisms therein remain currently unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms by which ASIC1 contributes to the development of HCC. Using bioinformatics analysis, we found a significant association between ASIC1 expression and malignant transformation of HCC, such as poor prognosis, metastasis and recurrence. Specifically, ASIC1 enhanced the migration and invasion capabilities of Li-7 cells in the in vivo experiment using an HCC lung metastasis mouse model, as well as in the in vitro experiments such as wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Furthermore, our comprehensive gene chip and molecular biology experiments revealed that ASIC1 promoted HCC migration and invasion by activating the PRKACA/AP-1 signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that targeting ASIC1 could have therapeutic potential for inhibiting HCC progression.
Participant Diversity in United States Randomized Controlled Trials of Antibacterials for Staphylococcus aureus Infections, 2000–2021
Authors: Kwon Jiye , Pelletiers William , Galloway Peña Jessica , van Duin David , Ledbetter Leila , Baum Keri , Ruffin Felicia , Knisely Jane M , Bizzell Erica , Fowler Vance G , Chambers Henry F , Pettigrew Melinda M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Equitable representation of members from historically marginalized groups is important in clinical trials, which inform standards of care. The goal of this study was to characterize the demographics and proportional subgroup reporting and representation of participants enrolled in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antibacterials used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections.

Methods
We examined randomized controlled registrational and strategy trials published from 2000 to 2021 to determine the sex, race, and ethnicity of participants. Participant to incidence ratios (PIRs) were calculated by dividing the percentage of study participants in each demographic group by the percentage of the disease population in each group. Underrepresentation was defined as a PIR &lt; 0.8.

Results
Of the 87 included studies, 82 (94.2%) reported participant sex, 69 (79.3%) reported participant race, and 20 (23.0%) included ethnicity data. Only 17 (19.5%) studies enrolled American Indian/Alaskan Native participants. Median PIRs indicated that Asian and Black participants were underrepresented in RCTs compared with the incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections in these subgroups. Underrepresentation of Black participants was associated with a larger study size, international sites, industry sponsorship, and phase 2/3 trials compared with phase 4 trials (P &lt; .05 for each). Black participants had more than 4 times the odds of being underrepresented in phase 2/3 trials compared with phase 4 trials (odds ratio, 4.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.14–18.3).

Conclusions
Standardized reporting methods for race and ethnicity and efforts to increase recruitment of marginalized groups would help ensure equity, rigor, and generalizability in RCTs of antibacterial agents and reduce health inequities.