bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relationship Between Locus of Control and Social Competence in Pediatric Burn Survivors Attending Summer Camp
Authors: Piazza-Waggoner Carrie , Butcher Michelle , Adams Christina D. , Goldfarb I. W. , Slater Harvey 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Previous research suggests that children with burn injuries often exhibit psychological and social difficulties. The areas of functioning that are affected most often include level of anxiety, social competence, and self-esteem. Those children having an internal locus of control (LOC) have been shown to react more positively to physical disorders and to have better psychological responding in nonburn populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between LOC and social competence in pediatric burn survivors. Participants were children aged 8 to 18 years who had been treated for a burn injury and attended a 1-week summer camp for pediatric burn survivors. Results indicated that the type of LOC was not a predictor of the overall level of social competence, as reported on three different measures of social competence. However, LOC significantly accounted for variability in the child's cooperation level, according to parent report. Other results are discussed, as well as implications for future research and clinical work in this area.
Early-Onset Unilateral Electric Cataract: A Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Mutlu Fatih Mehmet , Duman Haluk , Çİl Yakup 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Electrical injury may result in cataracts, which usually occur bilaterally. In this report, we present a rare complication of such an injury presenting as a unilateral cataract in a 33-year-old woman with a painless but gradual worsening of vision in her left eye 3 weeks after sustaining a high-voltage electrical injury. A cataract did not develop in the right eye during 26 months of follow-up. The patient underwent successful cataract surgery with an excellent return of vision. Electrical injuries may result in the formation of a unilateral cataract and therefore an ophthalmic examination should be performed regularly in the early recovery period of such injuries. Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation results in an excellent return of vision in patients with electrical cataract who do not have any other ocular damage.
Saturday-Morning Television: Do Sponsors Promote High-Risk Behavior for Burn Injury?
Authors: Palmieri Tina L. , Aoki Traci , Combs Elena , Curri Terese , Garma Sylvia , Kaulkin Cammie , Lawless Mary Beth , Nelson Kate , Sanders Johanna , Warden Nancy , Greenhalgh David G. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Television has become an important tool for learning and socialization in children. Although television violence has been associated with adverse effects, data on depiction of fire and burn injury are lacking. We sought to determine whether Saturday-morning television programming, viewed primarily by children, depicts fire and burn injury as safe or without consequence, thus potentially increasing the incidence of burn injury in children. This was a prospective observational study. Saturday-morning children's television programs were videotaped from 7 AM to 11 AM for eight different television networks during a 6-month period. Tapes were scored for scenes depicting fire or smoke by independent observers. Recorded items included show category, scene type, gender target, context of fire, and outcome after exposure to flame. Fire events were documented during programs and their associated commercials. A total of 108 hours of children's programs, 16 hours per network, were recorded. Scenes depicting fire or smoke were identified 1960 times, with 39% of events occurring during the program itself and 61% in commercials. Fire was depicted as either safe or without consequence in 64% of incidents. Action adventure stories accounted for 56% of flame depictions. Overall, one incident involving flame and fire was portrayed for each 3 minutes of television programming. Saturday-morning television programming frequently depicts fire as safe, empowering, or exciting. The incidence of flame use in programming varies between stations but is most prevalent in action/adventure stories. Television commercials, although brief, provide the majority of the misinformation regarding fire. Medical professional societies should alert the public to this potential hazard and recommend responsible portrayal of fire in children's television programming.
An Arabidopsis Homolog of the Bacterial Cell Division Inhibitor SulA Is Involved in Plastid Division[W]
Authors: Raynaud Ceécile , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne , Perennes Claudette , Bergounioux Catherine 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPlastids have evolved from an endosymbiosis between a cyanobacterial symbiont and a eukaryotic host cell. Their division is mediated both by proteins of the host cell and conserved bacterial division proteins. Here, we identified a new component of the plastid division machinery, Arabidopsis thaliana SulA. Disruption of its cyanobacterial homolog (SSulA) in Synechocystis and overexpression of an AtSulA-green fluorescent protein fusion in Arabidopsis demonstrate that these genes are involved in cell and plastid division, respectively. Overexpression of AtSulA inhibits plastid division in planta but rescues plastid division defects caused by overexpression of AtFtsZ1-1 and AtFtsZ2-1, demonstrating that its role in plastid division may involve an interaction with AtFtsZ1-1 and AtFtsZ2-1.
Allopregnanolone Analogs That Positively Modulate GABAA Receptors Protect against Partial Seizures Induced by 6‐Hz Electrical Stimulation in Mice
Authors: Kaminski Rafal M. , Livingood Matthew R. , Rogawski Michael A. 
Published: July 2004

Summary:  Purpose: Low‐frequency (6 Hz), long‐duration (3 s) electrical stimulation in mice produces seizures characterized by immobility, focal clonus, and automatic behaviors reminiscent of human limbic epilepsy. Renewed interest has been expressed in this seizure model with the recognition that it is sensitive to a broad spectrum of anticonvulsants (AEDs) and may have distinct pharmacologic responsiveness from other in vivo tests of AED efficacy. Here we sought to determine whether the progesterone‐derived neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone (5α,3α‐P) and several structural analogues with varying degrees of activity as positive allosteric modulators of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors are protective in the 6‐Hz seizure model. Methods: Mice were pretreated with neuroactive steroids (15 min before) or clonazepam (CZP; 30 min before) to 6‐Hz corneal stimulation (32 mA). Animals that failed to exhibit immobility were considered protected. Results: The neuroactive steroids prevented 6‐Hz seizures with rank order of potencies (ED50 values): ganaxolone (6.3 mg/kg) > 5α,3α‐P (14.2 mg/kg) ≥ 5β,3α‐P (14.4 mg/kg) > 5α,3β‐P (>100 mg/kg). CZP also was protective (ED50 value, 0.075 mg/kg). The potencies of the neuroactive steroids and CZP are similar to their previously reported activities in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure model. Conclusions: Neuroactive steroids have comparable potencies in the 6‐Hz and PTZ models. Their structural specificity in both models corresponds with their activities as positive allosteric modulators of GABAA receptors, although ganaxolone is more potent than expected, probably because it has greater bioavailability. The 6‐Hz model may be a valuable tool in drug development for the identification of GABAergic AEDs.
Genital Automatisms: A Video‐EEG Study in Patients with Medically Refractory Seizures
Authors: Dobesberger Judith , Walser Gerald , Unterberger Iris , Embacher Norbert , Luef Gerhard , Bauer Gerhard , Benke Thomas , Bartha Lisa , Ulmer Hanno , Ortler Martin , Trinka Eugen 
Published: July 2004

Summary: Purpose:Genital automatisms (GAs) are rare clinical phenomena during or after epileptic seizures. They are defined as repeated fondling, grabbing, or scratching of the genitals. The anatomic correlates of GAs have been discussed controversially. The aim of this investigation was to assess the localizing and lateralizing value of GAs.Methods:The authors studied 207 consecutive patients with intractable seizures referred to a University Hospital for presurgical evaluation between 1998 and 2002: 135 had temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); 23, frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE); 29, generalized epilepsies (GEs); and 20 had extratemporal or multifocal epilepsy.Results:Twenty‐three (11%) of 207 patients showed GAs in 42 (3%) of 1,299 seizures. GAs occurred significantly more often in men (17 of 93, 18%) than in women (six of 114, 5%; p = 0.0037). Twenty‐one (16%) of 135 patients with TLE performed GAs, one (4%) of 23 with FLE and one (3%) of 29 with GE. GAs were associated with unilateral hand automatisms in 16 (70%) of 23 and with periictal urinary urge in five (22%) of 23. All patients had amnesia for the performance of GAs.Conclusions:GAs appear in the ictal or postictal period with impaired consciousness. Men exhibit GAs significantly more often than do women. GAs do not localize or lateralize per se, but may localize seizure onset in the presence of periictal urinary urge or unilateral hand automatisms. They show a tendency to occur more often in TLE.
Estimation of true dihedral angles and relative grain boundary energies in polycrystals using the disector
Authors: CHHABRA S. , SANGAL S. , MUNGOLE M. N. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryRelative grain boundary energies can be simply related to true dihedral angles, which are the angles between grain boundary planes meeting at triple edges in polycrystals. Some limited efforts in the measurement of true dihedral angles have used the technique of serial sectioning, which is usually cumbersome and time consuming. In this study the three‐dimensional probe called the ‘disector’ has been employed to evaluate true dihedral angles. This probe, combined with automated image processing, introduces precision as well as efficiency, overcomes the disadvantages of the two‐dimensional probe and is far less tedious and less complicated than serial sectioning. It is shown that the technique is relatively simple and therefore can be applied to obtain a significantly large and accurate statistical sample of true dihedral angles. The application of this method is demonstrated by evaluating the triple junction geometry and the associated relative grain boundary energies in polycrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel.
Possible common biomarkers from FTIR microspectroscopy of cervical cancer and melanoma
Authors: MORDECHAI S. , SAHU R. K. , HAMMODY Z. , MARK S. , KANTAROVICH K. , GUTERMAN H. , PODSHYVALOV A. , GOLDSTEIN J. , ARGOV S. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryDetection of malignancy at early stages is crucial in cancer prevention and management. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has shown promise as a non‐invasive method with diagnostic potential in cancer detection. Studies were conducted with formalin‐fixed biopsies of melanoma and cervical cancer by FTIR microspectroscopy (FTIR‐MSP) to detect common biomarkers, which occurred in both types of cancer distinguishing them from the respective non‐malignant tissues. Both types of cancer are diagnosed on skin surfaces. The spectra were analysed for changes in levels of biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, phosphates and carbohydrate (glycogen). Whereas carbohydrate levels showed a good diagnostic potential for detection of cervical cancer, this was not the case for melanoma. However, variation of the RNA/DNA ratio as measured at I(1121)/I(1020) showed similar trends between non‐malignant and malignant tissues in both types of cancer. The ratio was higher for malignant tissues in both types of cancer.
Negation of lexical have in conversational English
Authors: Nelson Gerald 
Published: July 2004

Abstract:  The lexical verb have may be negated in a very wide variety of ways, e.g. I don’t have (any) money/I haven’t any money/I haven’t got any money/I have no money/I’ve got no money. Previous research has shown that the choice of negation pattern distinguishes very clearly between American English (AmE) and British English (BrE). American speakers show a 90 per cent preference for I have no money, while British speakers show an overall preference for I haven’t got any money, though they also frequently use the other available patterns.In this paper I examine the negation of lexical have in corpus data from Great Britain, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong, and Singapore. My initial hypothesis is that the three Outer Circle varieties (Hong Kong, India, Singapore) should tend to follow one or other of the two dominant “models,” that is, they should follow either the American preference or the very different British preference. In fact, the results do not support this hypothesis. The Outer Circle varieties are shown to form a very distinct group of their own, in terms of the negation of lexical have.
Gaeumannomyces graminis, the take‐all fungus and its relatives
Authors: FREEMAN JACQUELINE , WARD ELAINE 
Published: July 2004

SUMMARYTake‐all, caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is the most important root disease of wheat worldwide. Many years of intensive research, reflected by the large volume of literature on take‐all, has led to a considerable degree of understanding of many aspects of the disease. However, effective and economic control of the disease remains difficult. The application of molecular techniques to study G. graminis and related fungi has resulted in some significant advances, particularly in the development of improved methods for identification and in elucidating the role of the enzyme avenacinase as a pathogenicity determinant in the closely related oat take‐all fungus (G. graminis var. avenae). Some progress in identifying other factors that may be involved in determining host range and pathogenicity has been made, despite the difficulties of performing genetic analyses and the lack of a reliable transformation system.
Feeding cell development by cyst and root‐knot nematodes involves a similar early, local and transient activation of a specific auxin‐inducible promoter element
Authors: KARCZMAREK ANETA , OVERMARS HEIN , HELDER JOHANNES , GOVERSE ASKA 
Published: July 2004

SUMMARYTo study the role of the phytohormone auxin in nematode feeding cell induction and early development, the transcriptional regulation of the artificial auxin‐responsive promoter element DR5 was monitored in Arabidopsis thaliana roots infected with the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii or the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. For both nematode species, a specific and strong activation of DR5::gusA was observed inside the initial feeding cells at 18 h post inoculation, pointing to an increase in the perceived auxin concentration. This high expression was maintained until 3–5 days post inoculation and subsequently the GUS staining was reduced. Cyst and root‐knot nematodes are distantly related and the feeding sites they induce are highly dissimilar. In this respect, the similarities between the two nematode‐induced DR5 activation patterns in A. thaliana roots are remarkable. A transient and local increase in auxin perception could be due to an accumulation or to an increased sensitivity. Based on previously published data, a local auxin accumulation seems to be the more probable explanation. The observed early and localized increase of the perceived IAA concentration in the initial feeding structure underlines that this phytohormone could be an important clue in feeding cell induction by plant parasitic nematodes.
The Nep1‐like proteins—a growing family of microbial elicitors of plant necrosis
Authors: PEMBERTON CLARE L. , SALMOND GEORGE P. C. 
Published: July 2004

SUMMARYA novel family of microbial elicitors of plant necrosis has been identified. Designated Nep1‐like proteins (NLPs), after the first family member isolated, they range from 24 to 26 kDa and are found in a variety of taxonomically unrelated micro‐organisms. These include several fungi and oomycetes, as well as Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. Some NLPs induce a hypersensitive‐like response in plants, although the basis for initiation of this response remains unclear. Similarly, the cellular role of such highly conserved proteins is undetermined. It is not clear whether the NLPs are dedicated elicitors of plant defences or whether this induction occurs as a result of another activity.
Pathophysiological characteristics of patients with non‐erosive reflux disease differ from those of patients with functional heartburn
Authors: Frazzoni M. , De Micheli E. , Zentilin P. , Savarino V. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBackground : Patients with endoscopy‐negative heartburn can be subdivided into non‐erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn on the basis of abnormal and normal, respectively, oesophageal acid exposure. Different pathophysiological characteristics could explain the reportedly low efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in functional heartburn.Aim : To assess if non‐erosive reflux disease and functional heartburn are pathophysiologically distinguishable.Methods : Oesophageal manometry and pH‐monitoring were performed in 145 patients with endoscopy‐negative heartburn, in 72 patients with erosive reflux disease, in 58 patients with complicated reflux disease, and in 60 controls.Results : Patients with non‐erosive reflux disease (84 cases) and functional heartburn (61 cases) differed with regard to the prevalence of hiatal hernia (49% vs. 31%, P = 0.008), the mean lower oesophageal sphincter tone (18.5 vs. 28.4 mmHg, P < 0.05), and the number of upright diurnal acid refluxes lasting more than 5 min (3.6 vs. 0.37, P < 0.05). The results were very close in thenon‐erosive reflux disease, erosive reflux disease and complicated reflux disease groups, whilst patients with functional heartburn were indistinguishable from controls.Conclusions : Pathophysiological characteristics typical of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease are found in patients with non‐erosive reflux disease but not in patients with functional heartburn. This could explain the reportedly low efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in functional heartburn and suggests considering different management strategies.
The Visceral Sensitivity Index: development and validation of a gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety scale
Authors: Labus J. S. , Bolus R. , Chang L. , Wiklund I. , Naesdal J. , Mayer E. A. , Naliboff B. D. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBackground : Anxiety related to gastrointestinal sensations, symptoms or the contexts in which these may occur is thought to play a significant role in the pathophysiology as well as in the health outcomes of patients with irritable bowel syndrome.Aim : To develop a valid and reliable psychometric instrument that measures gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety.Methods : External and internal expert panels as well as a patient focus group evaluated a large pool of potential item stems gathered from the psychological and gastrointestinal literature. Potential scale items were then administered to 96 patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome along with a set of validating questionnaires. Final item selection was based upon rigorous empirical criteria and the psychometric properties of the final scale were examined.Results : A final unidimensional 15‐item scale, the Visceral Sensitivity Index, demonstrated excellent reliability as well as good content, convergent, divergent and predictive validity.Conclusions : The findings suggest that the Visceral Sensitivity Index is a reliable, valid measure of gastrointestinal symptom‐specific anxiety that may be useful for clinical assessment, treatment outcome studies, and mechanistic studies of the role of symptom‐related anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
Pegylated interferon‐α2a kinetics during experimental haemodialysis: impact of permeability and pore size of dialysers
Authors: Barril G. , Quiroga J. A. , Sanz P. , Rodrìguez‐Salvanés F. , Selgas R. , Carreño V. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryBackground : Therapeutics in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) has to consider potential drug clearance during the dialysis procedure. Pegylated interferon‐α (PEG‐IFN‐α), a middle‐size protein drug active against viral hepatitis, allows convenient once‐weekly dosing due to prolonged plasma half‐life.Aim : To investigate the impact of permeability and dialyser pore size on PEG‐IFN‐α blood levels during experimental HD.Methods : Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) membrane 1.6 m2 dialysers with three different permeabilities/pore sizes were selected.Results : A 40 kDa PEG‐IFN‐α2a (PEGASYS) was not cleared (< 5%) through low‐flux/small pore size (25 Å;B3A) and high‐flux/middle‐large pore size (60 Å;BKP) dialysers, and was partially (≈15%) through intermediate permeability/large pore size (100 Å;BKF) dialysers. In contrast, unmodified 17 kDa IFN‐α2a(Roferon‐A) was removed (65%–95%) through BKP or BKF, but not B3A, PMMA dialysers. Moreover, 12 kDaPEG‐IFN‐α2b(PegIntron) was cleared (40%–80%) through PMMA dialysers with pore sizes ≥ 60 Å. When B3A or BKP were replaced every hour PEG‐IFN‐α2a plasma levels remained constant throughout three experimental‐HD‐sessions, but PEG‐IFN‐α2b was cleared partially every BKP replacement. Porosity differ among high‐flux dialysers. Neither PEG‐IFN‐α2a nor PEG‐IFN‐α2b were removed after three HD sessions through (27/31/33 Å) pore size polysulphone dialysers. Although PEG‐IFN‐α2a was not cleared through middle pore‐size (43 Å/AN69ST) polyacrylonitrile dialyser, PEG‐IFN‐α2b was partially removed.Conclusions : The pharmacokinetics of Peg‐IFN‐α may vary in a patient on dialysis.
Targeted screening for hereditary haemochromatosis in high‐risk groups
Authors: DuBois S. , Kowdley K. V. 
Published: July 2004

SummaryPatients with hereditary haemochromatosis are at risk for significant morbidity from iron overload as well as reduced life‐expectancy once cirrhosis is established. Although inexpensive, sensitive screening tests and effective therapy are available, there is continued debate regarding the utility of screening for this condition because of recent data suggesting that the homozygous haemochromatosis mutation (C282Y) is associated with low penetrance and mild expressivity when identified in population screening studies. In this review, we examine the published data related to general population screening for haemochromatosis, as well as the evidence for screening selected ‘high‐risk’ populations. We also suggest possible screening strategies based on the available evidence.