bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial stewardship and clinical pharmacist interventions in an Indian tertiary care hospital
Authors: Dawaiwala Idris , Raut Shrikant , Fuse Monika , Shaji Sharook , Chaudhari Piyush , Padbidri Vikram , Gill Satyajit S. , Patwardhan Vivek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveComprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are needed in Indian healthcare settings due to high rates of communicable diseases and excessive antibiotic use. However, the implementation of both ASPs and clinical pharmacists (CPs) into the system is still in its nascent stages in India. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the type and acceptance rates of CP interventions in the implementation of ASPs and its impact on antimicrobial utilization.MethodsA single‐center quasi‐experimental study was conducted at Jehangir Hospital, India, wherein prescribed antimicrobials were subjected to evaluation by CPs using the prospective audit and feedback approach. The antimicrobials were reviewed for loading dose, dosages as per creatinine clearance (CrCl), weight, suitability with site of infection, drug interactions, de‐escalations, and therapeutic duplications. Impact on antimicrobial utilization in pre‐intervention (April 2021 to March 2022) and intervention (April 2022 to March 2023) periods were compared using daily defined dose (DDD) per 1000 in‐patient days, following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.ResultsDuring the intervention period, 485 out of 609 proposed interventions (79.6%) were implemented. Of these, 417 (85.9%) pertained to intravenous (IV) antimicrobials, while the remaining 68 (14.1%) involved oral formulations. Notably, interventions proposing antibiotic de‐escalations showed higher acceptance rates on Days 3, 5, 7, and 10 compared with other days (p = 0.027). Dosing based on CrCl yielded the highest acceptance rate (50/56, 89.2%). Significant reductions were observed in the DDDs of polymyxins by 58% (3.48–1.29), carbapenems by 7% (57.09–52.85), and glycopeptides by 10% (47.44–42.73). The reduction in these three classes combined was statistically significant (p = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–7.0).ConclusionThis study highlights the vital role of CP interventions within the healthcare team in optimizing antimicrobial pharmacotherapy. The noteworthy reduction in DDDs of restricted antimicrobials provides compelling evidence of the impact CPs can have on antimicrobial consumption and the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Factors influencing the profit and choice of agribusiness for agricultural cooperatives in Thailand
Authors: Nuansri Anchalee , Datta Avishek , Tsusaka Takuji W. , Zulfiqar Farhad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMany agricultural cooperatives in Thailand do not conduct agribusiness and face declining profits. Therefore, this study examined the factors influencing their profit and agribusiness choices. The results reveal that operating capital, the presence of a trading business and average payback positively affect profit. In contrast, the number of cooperative members and the number of staff members have a negative effect on profit. In addition, the number of members, the presence of a manager, the presence of a cooperative office and the ability to raise funds have a significant positive impact on the likelihood of conducting trading and compilation businesses.
Impact of intra‐decadal variability of meridional heat transport on the rainfall over Southern Africa during austral summer
Authors: Pai Rahul U. , Parekh Anant , Halder Subrota , Chowdary Jasti S. , Gnanaseelan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study examines the impact of intra‐decadal variability of Meridional Heat Transport (MHT) associated with Indian Ocean Shallow Meridional Overturning Circulation (SMOC) on the rainfall variability over Southern Africa (e.g., Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, south‐eastern Congo, Zimbabwe, southern Tanzania and Madagascar) during austral summer (December to February). Century long ocean reanalysis, atmospheric reanalysis and rainfall observations are used for the study. Spectrum analysis of MHT index and rainfall anomaly displays intra‐decadal (5–7 years) variability significant at 95% confidence level. The oceanic and atmospheric conditions during strong and weak phases of intra‐decadal MHT variability are examined. Strong (weak) MHT years displayed reduction (increase) in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in southwest Indian Ocean, which are out‐of‐phase with net heat flux but in phase with ocean circulation. The negative (positive) SST anomaly favours positive (negative) sea level pressure anomaly, which supports the low level moisture divergence (convergence) and anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation in the lower troposphere. This circulation leads to anomalous subsidence (convection) and below (above) normal moist static energy over the study region resulting in below (above) normal convection, that causes negative (positive) rainfall anomaly over the Southern Africa. The association between intra‐decadal variability of MHT associated with SMOC and rainfall over Southern Africa during austral summer are reported for the first time. The study may pave the way for enhanced predictability of intra‐decadal Southern African austral summer rainfall.
Modernization of safety environment for a dedicated beamline for proton ocular therapy
Authors: Jee Kyung‐Wook , Verburg Joost M. , Ruggieri Thomas A. , Bussière Marc , Trofimov Alexei V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundProton therapy is an effective treatment for ocular melanoma, and other tumors of the eye. The fixed horizontal beamline dedicated to ocular treatments at Massachusetts General Hospital was originally commissioned in 2002, with much of the equipment, safety features, and practices dating back to an earlier implementation at Harvard Cyclotron in the 1970s.PurposeTo describe the experience of reevaluation and enhancement of the safety environment for one of the longest continuously operating proton therapy programs.MethodsSeveral enhancements in quality control had been introduced throughout the years of operation, as described in this manuscript, to better align the practice with the evolving standards of proton therapy and the demands of a modern hospital. We spotlight the design and results of the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), and subsequent actions introduced to mitigate the modes associated with elevated risk. The findings of the FMEA informed the specifications for the new software application, which facilitated the improved management of the treatment workflow and the image‐guidance aspects of ocular treatments.ResultsEleven failure modes identified as having the highest risk are described. Six of these were mitigated with the clinical roll‐out of a new application for image‐guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Others were addressed through task automation, the broader introduction of checklists, and enhancements in pre‐treatment staff‐led time‐out.ConclusionsThroughout the task of modernizing the safety system of our dedicated ocular beamline, FMEA proved to be an effective instrument in soliciting inputs from the staff about safety and workflow concerns, helping to identify steps associated with elevated failure risks. Risks were reduced with the clinical introduction of a new IGRT application, which integrates quality management tools widely recognized for their role in risk mitigation: automation of the data transfer and workflow steps, and with the introduction of checklists and redundancy cross‐checks.
A tensor bidiagonalization method for higher‐order singular value decomposition with applications
Authors: El Hachimi A. , Jbilou K. , Ratnani A. , Reichel L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe need to know a few singular triplets associated with the largest singular values of a third‐order tensor arises in data compression and extraction. This paper describes a new method for their computation using the t‐product. Methods for determining a couple of singular triplets associated with the smallest singular values also are presented. The proposed methods generalize available restarted Lanczos bidiagonalization methods for computing a few of the largest or smallest singular triplets of a matrix. The methods of this paper use Ritz and harmonic Ritz lateral slices to determine accurate approximations of the largest and smallest singular triplets, respectively. Computed examples show applications to data compression and face recognition.
An educational programme and patient‐reported outcomes using flash glucose monitoring and automated bolus calculation in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Raimond Linda H , Secher Anna L , Andersen Merete M , Linddal Adelaide EK , Skouboe Anne G , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Our primary aim was to describe the educational programme and user's guide for decision support for persons with type 1 diabetes who commence carbohydrate counting with automated bolus calculator (ABC) and flash (intermittently scanned) glucose monitoring (isCGM). The programme was developed for the ABC Flash trial, conducted in The Capital Region of Denmark in 2018–2020. We also aimed to evaluate the impact of the programme and the combined interventions on patient‐reported outcome parameters.Methods: The programme and user's guide are described in detail. In total, 35 adults with type 1 diabetes and sub‐optimal HbA1c treated with multiple daily insulin injections completed the 26‐week educational programme on initiating ABC and isCGM. Patient‐reported outcomes were self‐evaluated before and after (Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life questionnaire, Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, Problem Areas in Diabetes and Diabetes Empowerment Scale). Changes over time in the different sub‐areas of diabetes‐related burden on quality of life, treatment satisfaction, diabetes‐related distress and psychosocial self‐efficacy were analysed.Results: During participation in the educational programme on initiating ABC and isCGM, diabetes‐related burden on work and sex life and several treatment satisfaction and psychosocial self‐efficacy sub‐areas improved.Conclusion: Implementation of the educational programme and initiating combined intervention with carbohydrate counting with ABC and isCGM improve treatment satisfaction and different psychosocial areas among persons with type 1 diabetes. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Probing macromolecular crowding at the lipid membrane interface with genetically‐encoded sensors
Authors: Löwe Maryna , Hänsch Sebastian , Hachani Eymen , Schmitt Lutz , Weidtkamp‐Peters Stefanie , Kedrov Alexej 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBiochemical processes within the living cell occur in a highly crowded environment, where macromolecules, first of all proteins and nucleic acids, occupy up to 30% of the volume. The phenomenon of macromolecular crowding is not an exclusive feature of the cytoplasm and can be observed in the densely protein‐packed, nonhomogeneous cellular membranes and at the membrane interfaces. Crowding affects diffusional and conformational dynamics of proteins within the lipid bilayer, alters kinetic and thermodynamic properties of biochemical reactions, and modulates the membrane organization. Despite its importance, the non‐invasive quantification of the membrane crowding is not trivial. Here, we developed a genetically‐encoded fluorescence‐based sensor for probing the macromolecular crowding at the membrane interfaces. Two sensor variants, both composed of fluorescent proteins and a membrane anchor, but differing by flexible linker domains were characterized in vitro, and the procedures for the membrane reconstitution were established. Steric pressure induced by membrane‐tethered synthetic and protein crowders altered the sensors' conformation, causing increase in the intramolecular Förster's resonance energy transfer. Notably, the effect of protein crowders only weakly correlated with their molecular weight, suggesting that other factors, such as shape and charge contribute to the crowding via the quinary interactions. Finally, measurements performed in inner membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli validated the crowding‐dependent dynamics of the sensors in the physiologically relevant environment. The sensors offer broad opportunities to study interfacial crowding in a complex environment of native membranes, and thus add to the toolbox of methods for studying membrane dynamics and proteostasis.
Synthesis of SiO2/Graphene@TiO2 Composites for the Visible Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Wastewater
Authors: Li Yingying , Wang Jiafei , Wan Xiang , Qu Qishu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of TiO2/graphene composites as catalysts for photodegradation of dyes has been widely investigated. TiO2/graphene composites are usually obtained by coating TiO2 on the surface of pre‐prepared graphene. However, graphene is prone to curling and stacking, which makes it difficult to uniformly coat TiO2 on its surface, resulting in poor photocatalytic performance. In this paper, a non‐conventional approach to prepare TiO2/graphene nanocomposites based on the use of porous SiO2/graphene spheres as supports is presented. SiO2/graphene spheres with intercalated structure and dendritic pores were prepared as supports by a one‐step hydrothermal method. Then, TiO2 was coated into the pores of SiO2/graphene spheres by sol‐gel method to obtain SiO2/graphene@TiO2 composites (SGT). After 90 min of visible light irradiation, the degradation rate of RhB by SGT catalyst was 68.9 %, which was significantly higher than that of P25 by 39.3 %. A mechanism of the RhB removal by the SGT composites was proposed.
Pyrene‐based Fluorescent Probe for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of 2,4,6‐Trinitrophenol
Authors: Han Jinze , Wang Junxia , Li Ziyu , Nie Hailiang , Du Jianlong , Mu Yajuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo rapid and efficient detection of TNP in water (TNP=2,4,6‐trinitrophenol), a pyrenyl‐based double‐charged probe PYPN was employed. The bright orange‐red emission of PYPN was seriously quenched upon the addition of TNP. The detection limit of PYPN for TNP is 0.218 μM. In addition, PYPN shows fast response rate (5 s) to TNP, good stability, excellent selectivity and anti‐interference (pH, anion, cation and other nitro compounds). Furthermore, PYPN can be used to rapidly detect TNP in various types of water samples. The rapid and efficient detection of TNP by PYPN may due to the electron and energy transfer as well as electrostatic interactions.
Recoverable Nanocatalyst for Regioselective Triazoles Synthesis: Lignin‐Copper(I) Nanomagnetic Composite
Authors: Rezaei Mohammad , Ali Jafari Abbas , Mahmoudi Hajar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel efficient utilization of lignin‐based nanomagnetic copper (I) is presented as an eco‐friendly recoverable catalyst. We report a simple one‐pot synthesis of magnetic copper chloride (I) composite by using lignin as a reducing agent and heterogenized support. The copper (I) nanocomposite shows high catalytic potential in one‐pot three component click reaction for synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles, with excellent turnover efficiency even after 4 cycles in green conditions. The lignin‐copper (I) chloride magnetic nanocomposite catalyst demonstrates highly efficient, stable and recyclable copper (I), and cost effectiveness advantages. The catalyst is easily recovered by an external magnetic field, and therefore, time and energy are saved since there is no filtration or decantation technique. Also, the stable nanomagnetic copper (I) can be handily prepared and applied for large scale operations. Besides, due to totally clear of nanomagnetic copper (I) away from the reaction media, the desired highly pure products can be achieved in excellent yields. High thermal stability of nanomagnetic copper (I) turns its ability to be useable in organic reactions under high temperatures. According to high dispersibility in aqueous solvent, nanomagnetic copper (I) can be utilized as highly efficient catalyst. The prepared composite is characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, TGA, VSM and FT‐IR.
Synthesis of Bis‐Nicotinonitrile Derivatives and Investigations of Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities
Authors: Tutar Uğur , Gezegen Hayreddin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study aimed to the synthesis of novel bis‐nicotinonitrile derivatives starting from 1,3‐bis‐chalcones and investigate their antimicrobial activity potentials. Bis‐nicotinonitrile derivatives were synthesized from 1,3‐bis‐chalcone derivatives reacted with malononitrile in ethanol in the presence of potassium carbonate. Characterization of the obtained compounds was carried out by spectroscopic methods. In total, 12 new 1,3‐phenylene‐bis‐nicotinonitrile derivatives were synthesized. Finally, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of synthesized 1,3‐phenylene‐bis‐nicotinonitrile derivatives were tested against 5 microorganisms. As a result, it was observed that the synthesized new nicotinonitrile derivatives were quite active especially in terms of antibiofilm activity.
A Comparable Study of Single Stranded DNA Sensing Using Track‐Etched Nanopore Sensors
Authors: Kececi Kaan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDetection of single‐stranded DNA (ss‐DNA) has great importance not only for decoding genetic information but understanding its role in DNA replication, recombination, and repair. Recently, its detection in body fluids and the development of its library brought new perspectives to diagnose cancer. Track‐etched nanopores are synthetic pores that can be used in several applications to sense and distinguish molecules. Biomolecules such as DNA have special importance due to their usage and applications. Even if most of the studies focus on double‐stranded DNA (ds‐DNA), nanopore sensing and discriminating single‐stranded DNA (ss‐DNA) is still of great interest. However, sensing ss‐DNA is relatively more challenging than ds‐DNA since it is more prone to ionic interactions which changes its translocation dynamics. In this study, single‐tracked poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membranes were used to generate conical nanopores. Due to its chemical stability, ease of fabrication at various geometries, and tunable pore size with respect to other polymer nanopores, PET nanopores were preferred. By chemical etching, single nanopores were fabricated, surface modified, and used for ss‐ and ds‐DNA sensing. We presented our results in a comparative way relative to ds‐DNA. We observed shorter current‐pulse amplitude (for ss‐DNA) with similar duration with respect to ds‐DNA. Such behavior may indicate the conformational changes of single and double‐strand forms during translocation. We also report the effect of electrolyte concentration on the frequency of ss‐DNA translocation. Our results demonstrated the feasibility and performance of track‐etched PET nanopore for ss‐DNA sensing. It provided insight into the electrophoretic transport dynamics of ss‐DNA in solution such as linear current‐pulse frequency against concentration and applied potential. Additionally, the current‐pulse amplitude of ss‐DNA was relatively smaller than ds‐DNA which enabled to differentiate the DNA strands. Moreover, the results showed the capability and potential use of the track‐etched PET nanopore and the limits as a sensor. Finally, the results on electrolyte concentration and its effect on the translocation frequency provided additional insight into the possible non‐uniform DNA‐ion interactions.
Electrical stimulation of the cerebellum facilitates automatic but not controlled word retrieval
Authors: Petríková Dominika , Marko Martin , Rovný Rastislav , Riečanský Igor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecent research has indicated that the cerebellum is engaged in language functions, yet the role of the cerebellum in lexical-semantic memory is poorly understood. In a double-blind randomized controlled experiment, we therefore targeted the cerebellum by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to assess and compare the contribution of the cerebellar processing to automatic and controlled retrieval of words in healthy adults (n = 136). Anodal cerebellar tDCS facilitated retrieval of semantically related words in free-associative chains, which was not due to a non-specific acceleration of processing speed. The stimulation had no influence on controlled word retrieval that employed inhibition or switching. The effect of cathodal tDCS was opposite to the anodal stimulation, but statistically non-significant. Our data show that the cerebellum is engaged extracting associative information from the system of semantic representations, established and strengthened/automated by learning, and indicates a domain-general role of this structure in automation of behavior, cognition and language.
Clinical features and treatment outcomes of Castleman disease in children: a retrospective cohort in China
Authors: Hu Shiwen , Li Zifeng , Wang Hongsheng , Chen Lian , Ma Yangyang , Zhu Xiaohua , Li Jun , Dong Rui , Yao Wei , Dong Chenbin , Zhang Huifeng , Li Kai , Dong Kuiran , Zhai Xiaowen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCastleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of undetermined etiology. Unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD) are two phenotypes of CD diagnosed by the histopathology of lymph nodes. We attempted to describe a pediatric CD cohort to optimize the management of this disease. We reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with CD between April, 2004, and October, 2022, at the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University. Prognosis information was collected in January, 2023, by telephone inquiry. Twenty-two patients with UCD and 2 patients with MCD were identified, all with hyaline vascular (HV) type. The median ages at diagnosis were 10.75 years (IQR 8, 12.81) for UCD and 14.42 years (IQR 13.42, 15.42) for MCD. The most common lesion location of UCD was the neck (9/22, 40.91%) and abdomen (9/22, 40.91%). Systematic symptoms occurred on 10/22 (45.45%) patients with UCD and 1/2 (50%) patients with MCD, and abnormal laboratory indexes were detected in both. Resection and biopsy were performed on all patients. One out of two patients with MCD also received rituximab for upfront therapy. After a median of 4 years (IQR 1.5, 6) of follow-up time, the overall survival was 100% and the complete remission rate in UCD was 63%. There was no relapse or progression.Conclusions: Our series demonstrated that HV-UCD was the most common type in children. Resection and biopsy were used for both deterministic diagnoses and treatments. Despite the high possibility to develop systematic inflammation, children with CD showed promising outcomes.

What is Known:• Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with limited cohort studies, especially in pediatrics.• The ubiquity of delayed confirmations and misdiagnoses points to a lack of knowledge about etiology and characteristics, which is a prerequisite for novel therapeutics.

What is New:• We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clinical and pathological symptoms, laboratory and imaging features, and treatment outcomes of a Chinese pediatric cohort with Castleman disease.• Our work may improve the recognition and optimize the management of this rare disease in children.