bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Solar Vapor Generation: A Multifunctional Platform for Sustainable Water Production and Energy Cogeneration
Authors: He Xuedong , Liu Bowen , Yang Yawei , Zhao Qi , Shen Yuyao , Liu Yihong , Qiang Mengyuan , Que Wenxiu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFreshwater scarcity and the global transition to renewable energy necessitate transformative solutions. Interfacial solar vapor generation (ISVG) has emerged as a pivotal technology, leveraging solar energy for efficient energy generation alongside desalination and freshwater production. This review comprehensively examines the coupling mechanism of ISVG‐enabled water‐electricity and water‐hydrogen cogeneration systems driven by photocatalysis and ISVG, as well as highlighting advancements in materials and system integration that enhance performance and resource efficiency.
Overcoming Energy Storage‐Loss Trade‐Offs in Polymer Dielectrics Through the Synergistic Tuning of Electronic Effects in π‐Conjugated Polystyrenes
Authors: Cheng Yipin , Gong Honghong , Zhang Meirong , Ji Qinglong , Zhang Guanxiang , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAchieving high‐performance dielectric materials remains a significant challenge due to the inherent trade‐offs between high energy storage density and low energy loss. A central difficulty lies in identifying a suitable dipolar unit that can enhance the polarity and dielectric constant of the material while effectively suppressing the high energy losses associated with polarization relaxation, charge injection, and conduction. To address this, a novel strategy is proposed that introduces electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents on the benzene ring of polystyrene‐based polymers, creating bulky dipole groups that are resistant to reorientation under an electric field. This approach mitigates relaxation losses associated with dipole reorientation and manipulates the band structure via substituent modification to suppress conduction losses. Additionally, the deformation of the π‐electron cloud under an electric field enhances the dielectric constant and energy storage density. Ultimately, the optimized chlorostyrene‐methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer exhibits an 85% discharge efficiency and an energy storage density of 18.3 J cm−3, nearly three times that of styrene‐based copolymers under the same conditions. This study introduces a new approach for designing high‐energy density, low‐loss polymer dielectric materials by precisely controlling electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing effects to modulate the distribution of π‐conjugated electron clouds.
Pandanus plastomes decoded: When climate mirrors morphology and phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Wojahn John M. A. , Callmander Martin W. , Buerki Sven 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPremisePandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) is a large genus of paleotropical tree‐like monocots. Previous studies using small DNA regions questioned the monophyly of the seven Pandanus subgenera, but low phylogenetic branch support hindered further investigations. We aimed to (1) test Pandanus subgeneric monophyly, (2) identify clade morphological synapomorphies, (3) investigate correlations between leaf anatomy of water storage tissue and climatic differentiation across clades, and (4) construct hypotheses on the genus' spatiotemporal history.MethodsWe sequenced 50 Pandanus species using genome skimming and reconstructed plastomes with MITObim. We inferred partitioned RAxML phylogenetic trees to test subgeneric monophyly using Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests. We inferred a partitioned dated BEAST phylogenetic tree used for ancestral state reconstructions of morphological traits. Phylogenetic clades were used to compare climatic (Bioclim) and soil (UNESCO Digital Soil Map) conditions using random forests. We correlated present morphology and climatic niche with past climate events.ResultsOur phylogenetic analyses revealed two clades and four subclades. Only subgenus Coronata was monophyletic. Staminate synapomorphies were identified for three subclades. Hypertrophied and hyperplasic water‐storage tissue was a synapomorphy for clade II, correlating with more seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes and more well‐draining soil. Clades differentiated during the advent of the Southeast Asian monsoon in the early Miocene, whereas subclades differentiated during the Miocene Thermal Maximum.ConclusionsPandanus subgeneric classification needs to be revised. Hypertrophied hyperplasic water‐storage tissue is a key trait in Pandanus evolution, possibly explaining climatic and biogeographic patterns because it is key to maintaining photosynthesis during periods of hydric stress.
Studies on the Synthesis of Some Functionalized Azaheterocycles through Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing by Reductive Amination
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Berkecz Róbert , Fustero Santos , Lackfi Ágnes , Hornyánszky Gábor , Kiss Loránd 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSelected functionalized saturated azaheterocycles have been prepared by ring expansion from various cycloalkene derivatives involving oxidative ring opening/ring closing by reductive amination. Studies have been conducted regarding the outcome of the transformations, the effect of the ring strain, and stereocontrol. The synthesized amino acid derivatives possessing either an aryl or fluorine element in their structure might be relevant building blocks for foldamer chemistry.
Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 are effective biomarkers for identifying CSF‐ and PET imaging‐diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: Insights for research and clinical practice
Authors: Zhong Xiaomei , Wang Qiang , Yang Mingfeng , Lin Gaohong , Yao Kexin , Wu Zhangying , Xu Danyan , Zhou Huarong , Chen Ben , Shi Haishan , Zhang Min , Shi Xiaolei , Zeng Yijie , Lao Jingyi , Liang Shuang , Li JiaFu , Liu Qin , Liu Huanmin , Chen Yunheng , Lin Yicheng , Ouyang Cong , Lv Jieqin , Liang Xiang , Cheng Yuwang , Ran Pengcheng , Gong Baoying , Zhang Bin , Guo Jianwen , Zhang Hong , Liu Sen , Zhang Jihui , Liu Haiying , Ning Yuping 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWith the advancement of disease‐modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), validating plasma biomarkers against cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) standards is crucial in both research and real‐world settings.METHODSWe measured plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217, p‐tau181, amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐40, Aβ1‐42, and neurofilament light chain in research and real‐world cohorts. Participants were categorized by brain amyloid status using US Food and Drug Administration/European Medicines Agency–approved CSF or PET methods.RESULTSPlasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 demonstrated superior accuracy in detecting brain amyloid pathologies, with area under the curve from 0.94 to 0.97 in all cohorts. Specificity was lower in the real‐world cohort but improved significantly by integrating demographic and clinical factors, aligning performance with research cohorts. Additionally, plasma biomarkers exhibited strong correlations with their CSF counterparts and PET standardized uptake value ratios, with significant associations in amyloid‐positive participants.DISCUSSIONPlasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 are effective diagnostic tools. However, patient demographics, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and cognitive condition must be considered to improve specificity in the clinical practice.Highlights
Plasma phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 and p‐tau217/amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 demonstrated exceptional accuracy (area under the curve: 0.94–0.97) in detecting brain amyloid pathologies across both research (Southern China Aging Brain Initiative [SCABI]‐1, SCABI‐2) and real‐world clinical practice (RCP) cohorts.
Incorporating patient‐specific factors (sex, age, apolipoprotein E ε4, cognitive status) improved diagnostic specificity in the clinical RCP cohort, aligning its performance with that of research cohorts.
Plasma biomarkers, particularly p‐tau217 and their ratios, showed robust correlations with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography amyloid standardized uptake value ratios, underscoring their value as non‐invasive diagnostic alternatives.
Plasma p‐tau217 and p‐tau217/Aβ1‐42 proved highly effective in diagnosing amyloid burden, offering a practical solution to bridge research advancements with real‐world clinical practice.
A Highly Dispersed Heterogeneous Cobalt Catalyst for Efficient Domino Hydroformylation Reductive Amination of Olefins
Authors: Sun Kangkang , Su Tianyue , Lu Guo‐Ping , Franke Robert , Neumann Helfried , Beller Matthias 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe hydroaminomethylation of alkenes using CO and H2 proceeds efficiently in the presence of a heterogeneous Co−N/C catalyst with highly dispersed metal centers. Various secondary and tertiary amines can be effectively synthesized from cyclic and linear aliphatic alkenes using this specific material. The active sites of the optimal catalyst result from the synergistic effect of atomically dispersed Co sites with their surrounding N atoms, and the high surface area as well as structural defects of the NC support. The broad applicability (>54 examples), including pharmaceutically relevant molecules, together with the high activity and reusability, underline the general applicability of this catalytic system.
Diffusion/Modulator Dual‐Mediated Solid‐Liquid/Vapor Interfacial Synthesis of Crystalline Covalent Organic Framework Membranes
Authors: Hou Shenghuai , Zhang Ganbing , Qiao Zhaoyu , Bai Yuxuan , Di Haoxin , Hua Yetong , Hao Tiantian , Xu Hui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConstructing oriented crystalline covalent organic framework (COF) membranes with controllable thickness for water purification is highly desirable. Herein, we present a simple and universal protocol to prepare high‐quality COF membranes on the inner wall of a glass vessel using a diffusion/modulator dual‐mediated solid–liquid/vapor interfacial synthesis strategy. By meticulous control of solvent and temperature, a thin supersaturated spreading liquid layer was formed on the glass wall surface and served as a confined microreactor for incubating crystal nuclei. This induced the aniline‐modulated solid–liquid/vapor interfacial exchange reaction and upward growth of a highly ordered COF membrane. The experiments and theoretical simulations revealed the underlying mechanisms of solid–liquid/vapor interfacial nucleation, growth and crystallization. Using this strategy, we created 13 types of new, free‐standing, imine‐linked COF membranes with exceptional performances in crystallinity, porosity, stability, processability and adsorption capacity. As an application demonstration, a COF membrane‐filled filter was coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography system for the automated removal of multitarget liquid‐crystal monomers in real water samples (removal efficiency≥96 %). This study enriches the synthesis toolboxes of COF membranes and broadens their application scopes.
Design, Synthesis and Application of Chiral Spirocyclic Bisindoles
Authors: Wang Jing‐Yi , Sun Jianwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhile modifications of the privileged catalyst backbones, such as 1,1’‐spirobiindane‐7,7’‐diol (SPINOL), have led to the development of diverse useful chiral catalysts, the incorporation of heteroarenes in such chiral spirocyclic structures has limitedly known. Herein we report the design of a type of chiral spirocyclic bisindole skeletons where the electronically distinct heteroarenes serve as direct anchor for functional sites. Separate approaches for the synthesis of two different families of such skeletons have been developed via chiral phosphoric acid and rhodium catalysis, respectively. Both strategies provided expedient access to the highly enantioenriched spiro‐bisindoles, owing to not only the high nucleophilicity of the indole ring, but also the robust asymmetric control. These new skeletons have been demonstrated as backbones of effective chiral catalysts for both transition metal catalysis and organocatalysis.
Interpretable Machine Learning Based on Functional ANOVA Framework: Algorithms and Comparisons
Authors: Hu Linwei , Nair Vijayan N. , Sudjianto Agus , Zhang Aijun , Chen Jie , Yang Zebin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn the early days of machine learning (ML), the emphasis was on developing complex algorithms to achieve best possible predictive performance. To understand and explain the model results, one had to rely on post hoc explainability techniques, which are known to have limitations. Recently, with the recognition in regulated industries that interpretability is also important, researchers are studying algorithms that compromise on small increases in predictive performance in favor of being more interpretable. While doing so, the ML community has rediscovered the use of low‐order functional ANOVA (fANOVA) models that have been known in the statistical literature for some time. This paper starts with a description of challenges with post hoc explainability. This is followed by a brief review of the fANOVA framework with a focus on models with just main effects and second‐order interactions (called generalized additive models with interactions or GAMI = GAM + Interactions). It then provides an overview of two recently developed GAMI techniques: Explainable Boosting Machines or EBM and GAMI‐Net. The paper proposes a new algorithm that also uses trees, as in EBM, but does linear fits instead of piecewise constants within the partitions. We refer to this as GAMI‐linear‐tree (GAMI‐Lin‐T). There are many other differences, including the development of a new interaction filtering algorithm. The paper uses simulated and real datasets to compare the three fANOVA ML algorithms. The results show that GAMI‐Lin‐T and GAMI‐Net have comparable performances, and both are generally better than EBM.
Agmatine suppresses glycolysis via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/HIF‐1α signaling pathway and improves mitochondrial function in microglia exposed to lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Milosevic Katarina , Milosevic Ana , Stevanovic Ivana , Zivkovic Anica , Laketa Danijela , Janjic Marija M. , Bjelobaba Ivana , Lavrnja Irena , Savic Danijela 
Published: January 2025

AbstractModulating metabolic pathways in activated microglia can alter their phenotype, which is relevant in uncontrolled neuroinflammation as a component of various neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated how pretreatment with agmatine, an endogenous polyamine, affects metabolic changes in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation, a murine microglial BV‐2 cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Hence, we analyzed gene expression using qPCR and protein levels using Western blot and ELISA. Microglial metabolic status was assessed by measuring lactate release and cellular ATP by enzymatic and luminescence spectrophotometry. Mitochondrial functionality was analyzed by fluorescent probes detecting mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) and superoxide production. Our findings suggest that kinase pathways associated with hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) regulate energy metabolism in pro‐inflammatory activated microglia. We have shown that LPS induces HIF‐1α and genes for glucose transporter and glycolytic rate, increases lactate production and causes mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. Agmatine inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway and negatively regulates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and HIF‐1α levels, reducing lactate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, which is supported by pharmacological blockade of PI3K. Pretreatment with agmatine also rescues mitochondrial function by counteracting the LPS‐induced decline in mtMP and increase in mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in an anti‐apoptotic effect. Agmatine alone increases intracellular ATP levels and maintains this effect even under pro‐inflammatory conditions. Our study emphasizes the ability of agmatine to engage in metabolic reprogramming of pro‐inflammatory microglia through increased ATP production and modulation of signaling pathway involved in promoting glycolysis and cytokine release.
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the elderly: Is there a role for epigenetic reprogramming reversal?
Authors: Romero‐Rodríguez Dámaris P. , Díaz‐Alvarado Carlos A. , Rocha‐González Héctor Isaac , Juárez Esmeralda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the increase in the elderly population worldwide, the number of subjects suffering from tuberculosis (TB) has shown an increased prevalence in this group. Immunosenescence is essential in this phenomenon because it may reactivate the lesions and render their adaptive immunity dysfunctional. In addition, inflammation in the lungs of the elderly subjects is also dysfunctional. Although effective drugs are available, they are often tolerated inadequately, reducing adherence to the therapy and leading to therapeutic failure. Comorbidities, poor general health status, and other medications may lead to increased drug adverse reactions and reduced adherence to treatment in the elderly. Hence, older adults require an individualized approach for better outcomes. Trained immunity, which involves epigenetic reprogramming, may contribute to balancing the dysfunction of innate and adaptive immunity in older people. This review analyzes the relationship between inflammation, age, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, we hypothesize that immunomodulation using trained immunity activators will help reduce inflammation while enhancing antimicrobial responses in the elderly. Understanding immunomodulation's molecular and physiological effects will lead to informed decisions about TB prevention and treatment strategies uniquely designed for the elderly.
Factors Impacting Foreign Language Anxiety Among Counsellor Trainees: A Phenomenological Study Within the Willingness to Communicate Framework
Authors: Xiong Yiying , Liu Shuqi , Tang Hsin‐Ya , Feng Jiaqi , Yang Chengyang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionTraining English as an Additional Language (EAL) counsellor trainees is crucial to fostering a counselling workforce capable of serving diverse populations. However, Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) poses a significant barrier to their professional development, impacting their communication skills and confidence. This study explored the factors impacting EAL counsellor trainees' FLA by using the Willingness to Communicate (WTC) model as a framework.MethodThrough a phenomenological approach, interviews with 20 EAL trainees revealed various factors. The factors were organised into four components of the WTC model: situated antecedents, motivational propensities, affective‐cognitive context, and social and individual context.DiscussionThe findings highlighted the complex interplay between situational and personal factors shaping FLA and call for counsellor education programmes to develop holistic strategies that reduce FLA, thus enhancing EAL trainees' communication confidence and readiness for professional practices.
Extravascular Temperature Control for Heatstroke With Multi‐Organ Failure: A Survivor's Case Report
Authors: Bich Van Ha Thi , Duc Lich Nguyen , Ngoc Anh Tran 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHeatstroke is caused by a loss of control over body temperature. There is a high risk of death if it is not treated quickly and properly. In this article, we report a clinical case of a 21‐year‐old male patient treated for heatstroke with extravascular temperature control. The patient lost consciousness after being out in the sun for more than 2 h. His body temperature was 41°C upon admission to the district hospital, and then 4 h later, he was transferred to our department. The patient was administered extravascular temperature control with a target temperature of 33°C within 24 h. We rewarmed at a rate of 0.25°C/h to 37°C within 16 h, and the patient was taken off sedation to assess consciousness. After 2 days, the patient's consciousness improved from GCS 5 to 10, and the patient maintained a body temperature of 37°C for another 4 days. However, the patient still had liver failure and severe coagulation disorders on day 5. He was given fresh frozen plasma or plasma exchange. The patient was extubated after 8 days and discharged from the hospital after 24 days of treatment. In conclusion, extravascular temperature control can be used effectively to treat heatstroke, combined with the treatment of damaged organs.
The Value of Holistic Financial Advice
Authors: Benartzi Shlomo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFinancial advice has historically been narrowly focused on investing decisions, which has led to skepticism from researchers and policymakers about its value, both in terms of the net alpha and personalization level of advised portfolios. This article explores the potential value of broader, or holistic, financial advice that also covers savings, debt and insurance decisions, which are relevant to a much broader population, not just those with enough wealth to care about investment alpha. The results show that there's tremendous value in holistic financial advice, which is worth $4384 per year or 7.5% of annual income for the typical household and translates into 2472 bps of the median 401(k) account balance. More importantly, this type of advice can be especially valuable for those with lower income who historically have been underserved. While policymakers have traditionally focused on the costs of financial advice, this research suggests that they should also be concerned about ensuring low and middle‐class households have access to valuable holistic guidance, which is becoming increasingly affordable by leveraging AI and other technologies.
Phosphorescent Isocyanide‐Metal‐Carboranyl Complexes of Copper(I) and Gold(I): Synthesis and Radioluminescence
Authors: Powley Samuel L. , Riley Charlotte , Le Phuoc Nguyen , Baidak Aliaksandr , Linnolahti Mikko , Romanov Alexander S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA series of (L)MX (L=isocyanide; M=Cu(I) or Au(I); X=chloride or carboranyl) complexes have been prepared. The first examples of isocyanide Cu(I) chloride complexes with 1 : 1 stoichiometry between isocyanide and CuCl are reported and structurally characterised. The photophysical properties of (RNC)AuCl and (RNC)Au(η1‐carboranyl) complexes have been investigated. Complexes (RNC)Au(η1‐carboranyl) show no aurophilic Au−Au interactions and emit long‐lived deep‐blue phosphorescence up to 377 μs. The radioluminescence of these gold complexes was studied to show a superior radioluminescence stability for the gold(carboranyl) complexes compared to gold chloride materials under constant high energy X‐ray radiation of 350 keV.