bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of inhalation of dust and endotoxin on respiratory tracts of pigs
Authors: Urbain Bruno , Mast Jan , Beerens Dominique , N’Guyen T. Quyen , Goddeeris Bruno , Ansay Michel , Gustin Pascal 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effects of inhalation of feed flour dust and dustborne endotoxin on respiratory tracts of pigs.

Animals
29 healthy Belgian Landrace pigs.

Procedure
Pigs housed in an environmental chamber were exposed for 6 days to feed flour dust (1 to 15 mg/m3) and dustborne endotoxins (50 to 2,500 ng/m3). Effects were evaluated by measuring albumin concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, cell composition of nasal lavage (NL) and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and blood, and percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in blood and lavage fluids. Dustborne endotoxin was obtained by mixing endotoxins from Escherichia coli (serotype O127:B8) with feed flour before spraying the flour in the environmental chamber.

Results
Exposure did not affect cell composition of NL fluid or blood. Total cell counts of BAL fluids were increased in all groups exposed to dust. Macrophage counts were increased in pigs exposed to inhalable dust concentrations as low as 4.4 mg/m3, and lymphocyte counts were increased in groups exposed to high dust concentrations. Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in blood and lavage fluids were unchanged. In all dust-exposed groups, albumin content of BAL fluid was increased, whereas LDH activity was unaffected. Macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration and edema in the bronchi were identified by light microscopy. Effects attributable to E coli endotoxin exposure were not identified.

Conclusions
Inhalation of feed flour dust did not affect nasal mucosa but did induce bronchial airway inflammation. Dustborne endotoxins did not have effects attributable to endotoxin alone. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1055-1060)
Hemodynamic and metabolic alterations associated with intravenous infusion of a combination of adenosine triphosphate and magnesium chloride in conscious horses
Authors: Tetens Joanne , Bueno Aloisio C. , Cornick-Seahorn Janyce L. , Hosgood Giselle , Eades Susan C. , Moore Rustin M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine hemodynamic and metabolic effects of IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination and maximal safe IV infusion rate in conscious horses.

Animals
6 adult female horses.

Procedure
All horses received an IV infusion of ATP-MgCl2 combination, beginning at a rate of 0.05 mg of ATP/kg of body weight/min, which was increased by 0.05 mg/kg/min increments at 10-minute intervals until a rate of 1.0 mg/kg/min was achieved. Data were collected prior to the start of the infusion, at the end of each infusion rate, and at 15-minute intervals for the next hour after discontinuation of the infusion. Measured or calculated hemodynamic variables included cardiac output, cardiac index, heart rate, stroke volume, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Arterial blood gas tensions, CBC, plasma biochemical profiles, urine volume and specific gravity, and selected clinical signs of disease also were evaluated.

Results
Intravenous infusion of ATP-MgCl2 significantly increased cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and caused mild pulmonary hypertension. Magnitude of the hemodynamic alterations was dependent on rate of infusion. Maximal safe infusion rate for these horses was 0.3 mg/kg/min. All horses became lethargic, and their appetites diminished during the infusion; 5 horses had mild signs of abdominal discomfort. Flank sweating was observed in all horses as infusion rate increased. Urine volume and specific gravity and hematologic, biochemical, and arterial blood gas alterations were detected during and after infusion.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Intravenous administration of ATP-MgCl2 in healthy, conscious, adult horses caused various metabolic and hemodynamic alterations that were without appreciable detrimental effects. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1140–1147)
Concentration of volatile fatty acids in digesta samples obtained from healthy cows and cows with cecal dilatation or dislocation
Authors: Abegg Richard , Eicher Richard , Lis Jan , Lischer Christoph J. , Scholtysik Günter , Steiner Adrian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, and i- and n-valerianic acids in digesta samples obtained from the rumen, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon (PLAC), and rectum of healthy cows and cows with cecal dilatation or dislocation (CDD).

Animals
20 cows with CDD and 20 healthy cows.

Procedure
Samples were collected from all sites during surgical correction of CDD and also from the rectum 1, 2, and 3 days after surgery (group CDD). Samples from healthy (control) cows, matched on the basis of diet and milk yield, were obtained at a slaughterhouse. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were analyzed by use of gas chromatography. Absolute concentration of each VFA was additionally corrected for pH to allow calculation of the concentration of undissociated VFA.

Results
Absolute concentration and concentration of the undissociated form of all analyzed VFA were significantly increased in samples collected from the cecum and PLAC of cows in group CDD, compared with concentrations for control cows. Within 3 days after surgery, significant decreases of the absolute concentration of butyric, i- and n-valerianic acids, and undissociated i- and n-valerianic acids were evident in samples obtained from the rectum of group-CDD cows. Concentrations of VFA in samples obtained from the rectum during surgery correlated with corresponding VFA concentrations in samples obtained from the PLAC.

Conclusions
Concentrations of VFA are increased in the cecum and PLAC of cows with CDD. However, the role of increased concentrations of VFA in the etiopathogenesis of CDD is unknown. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1540–1545)
Epidemiologic analysis of factors influencing exertional rhabdomyolysis in Thoroughbreds
Authors: MacLeay Jennifer M. , Sorum Sandy A. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Marsh Will E. , Sorum Mike D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine incidence, effect on performance, and management practices associated with exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) in Thoroughbreds.

Sample Population
Medical records for 984 Thoroughbreds and a survey of trainers of horses with and without ER.

Procedures
Medical records for 984 Thoroughbreds stabled at a midwestern racetrack were examined to determine the incidence of ER during the 1995 racing season. A retrospective questionnaire was administered to trainers to determine management practices associated with ER in 59 Thoroughbreds with ER and 47 control Thoroughbreds in training. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine management factors associated with ER.

Results
ER affected 48 of 984 (4.9%) Thoroughbreds. Two-year-old females were most frequently affected, and 36 of 96 (37.5%) trainers had ≥ 1 horse with ER. Horses with ER were more likely not to race during the racing season, compared with control horses. For horses that raced, differences were not found with respect to racing performance between ER and control horses. Exertional rhambdomyolysis developed frequently in susceptible horses that had ≥ 1 day of rest prior to exercise and that galloped during exercise. Horses with ER were commonly fed > 4.5 kg of grain daily. Nervous and extremely nervous horses were 5.4 times more likely, and horses with some form of lameness were 4.2 times more likely, to have ER.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Exertional rhabdomyolysis is common in Thoroughbreds, and ER can be affected by temperament, sex, age, diet, exercise routines, and lameness. Management that minimizes excitability, particularly when tailored to each horse, may be most effective for controlling ER. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1562–1566)
Dietary Taurine Improves The Growth Performance, Health Status and Liver Histopathology of Meagre (Argyrosomus Regius) Fed A Reduced Fish Meal Diet
Authors: Güroy Derya , Karadal Onur , Güroy Betül , Emre Yılmaz , Emre Nesrin , Eraslan Durali , Yalım Fatma Banu , Mantoğlu Serhan , Demir Abdullah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Research has focused on alternative plant materials or additives that can be used instead of fish meal due to limited stocks and increased feed prices, although it is important for carnivorous fish species. Taurine is a functional amino acid supplemented to low fish meal diets to improve the growth performance of fish. In this study, eight experimental diets with 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% ratios of taurine supplemented (T0, T0.5, T1 and T2) high (HFM) and low fish meal (LFM) diets were prepared (defined as HFMT0, HFMT0.5, HFMT1, HFMT2, LFMT0, LFMT0.5, LFMT1 and LFMT2). The experiment was carried out in twenty-four 400 L rectangular fiberglass tanks conducted in a marine water system, and fish (initial mean weight of 23.5 g) were stocked in each tank. The nutrition trial was carried out for 90 days with three replicates. Meagre fed with the HFMT1 diet had a higher final mean weight (FMW) and specific growth rate (SGR) than fish fed with HFMT0 and all LFM diets. Including taurine in all LFM diets also enhanced growth performance. The FMW and SGR of fish fed the LFMT0.5 diet were similar when compared to HFMT0 (P>0.05) and increased compared to that of other LFM diets with taurine (P<0.05). Meagre fed the LFM0.5 diet had a lower feed conversion rate (FCR) than those provided for all HFM diets, although there was no significant difference between treatments. Dietary taurine has decreased the hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and total ammonia-nitrogen excretion (TAN), irrespective of taurine and fish meal levels. Including dietary taurine at both fish meal levels enhances the number of red blood cells (RBC) and whole-body amino acids of meagre. The most remarkable conclusion of this study is the inclusion of taurine in low fish meal diets improved growth performance and profitability in meagre, and the level of 0.5% has been recommended.
Pesticides and Heavy Metal Toxicity in Fish and Possible Remediation – A Review
Authors: Ghafarifarsani Hamed , Fazle Rohani Md. , Raeeszadeh Mahdieh , Ahani Saman , Yousefi Morteza , Talebi Maedeh , Sazzad Hossain Md. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pesticides and heavy metals are considered as potent contaminants in aquatic environment. Both contaminants are sourced into the aquatic ecosystems by various types of anthropogenic as well as natural practices. Such types of aquatic contamination drastically affect the normal activity of associated living organisms particularly fish. Both the pesticides and heavy metals toxicity cause several negative effects on fish growth, physiology, immune response, reproduction, embryonic and larval development as well as different histopathology of major organs including fish gill, kidney, liver, gonads, and intestine. Besides, the consumption of contaminated fish poses a serious health concern to associated consumers. Considering these serious issues, the current review is designed to investigate the toxic effects of pesticides and heavy metals on different aspects of fishes along with their possible sources, major types, and mode of action as well as role of medicinal herbs to mitigate their toxicity.
Functional jaw orthopaedics - does it realize our expectations?
Authors: Rudolph Walter F.T. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Functional orthopaedics fulfills treatment expectations whenever the therapeutic devices are used within the limits of their applications. Especially successful has been the application of modified, skeletalized (reduced) activators in the deciduous and the mixed dentition, and the use of functional appliances in the early permanent dentition in Angle Classes I, II, and III malocclusions where primary functional causes exist. Whilst the inter-arch expansion obtained with functional appliances may average more than 3-4 mm and provide good treatment responses, the single tooth movements, including rotations, are more certainly and more effectively carried out with fixed appliances. In the latter types of cases, combined therapy, consisting of pre-treatment with an active fixed appliance and subsequent treatment with the activator, may be more successful.
A study of bilabial lip pressure in a normal population
Authors: Newman Denis G. , Barnes Anthony , Newman Jacqueline 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Values for bilabial lip pressure on 1,417 children ranging in age from 5 to 18 years of age are presented. The use of bilabial lip pressure values as a tool in monitoring speech production of children with neuromuscular disease, articulation disorders and cleft lip is discussed. Variations with age, sex, height, weight and malocclusion type are presented with mean average values being 5 to 20% larger than the maximum recordings.
In males, the mean values rose by approximately 5% between the ages of 5 and 7 years, remained fairly constant up to age 11, between 11 and 14 years the mean values more than trebled after which they gradually declined with males aged 18 and over having a mean of approximately 75% of the peak at 14 years. In females, the mean values were similar to males up to age 11 years and also demonstrated a sharp increase thereafter peaking at 14 years. The peak for females was, however, only 60% of the corresponding male value, having doubled in the 11-14 year period in contrast to the males who showed a three fold increase. Females exhibited a decline in mean values afte 14 years of a similar relative magnitude to that of the males.
Correlation with height and weight are presented but regression analysis showed that these factors had little additional influence over and above those of subject age.
An alternative view of the temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Reade Peter C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An alternative view of the aetiology and treatment of TMJPDS has been presented emphasising the part that a sprain of the temporomandibular joint(s) plays in initiating the condition and the subsequent influence of preexisting occlusal and other factors in maintaining the painful problem rather than allowing the sprain to resolve spontaneously. The rationale for the specific occlusal splint therapy described has been briefly discussed.
Timing of orthodontic treatment: early or late — does it matter?
Authors: Grave Keith C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to clarify the perplexing question of when to start treatment. Timing of orthodontic treatment should focus on individual maturation and family patterns. It will simplify treatment, and minimize co-operation problems, and as a consequence it will keep the orthodontist and his patient happy.
Orthodontic bonding – a national survey: Part I – Eesolts and Inferences
Authors: Russell Mark L. , Beech Derrick B. , Brown David 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A survey of orthodontists in Australia was conducted in 1984. Of 325 questionnaires, there were 203 (65%) respondents. Over 90% had been bonding for three or more years, with a clear preference for composites over acrylic, for smaller mesh bases over larger bases, and for anteriors over full bonding although a significant number include premolars. It would seem that one third had not changed bonding products, but those who did change gave an interesting assortment of reasons for their change. A mean estimated failure rate of 5.6% is close to that reported in other surveys. Plastic brackets have gone out of favour.
A future article will look at correlations between such things as bonding technique, adhesive type and failure rates; recycling and “black spot” lesions.
Intelligent Traffic Congestion Control Using Black Widow Optimization with Hybrid Deep Learning on Smart City Environment
Authors: Shaheed Sarah Hadi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intelligent traffic congestion control is an integral aspect of making sustainable and efficient smart cities. With the increasing count of vehicles on the road and rapid urbanization, traffic congestion is a main concern nowadays that hinders the growth of the economy and affects the quality of life. In smart cities, an intelligent transportation solution (ITS) is enhance traffic flow by adjusting traffic signal timing and observing traffic patterns. Currently, one of the vital dilemmas in terms of transportation systems was traffic congestion which needs to be resolved for minimizing driver frustration, traffic jams, fuel waste, and accidents. Due to the high count of vehicles, most of the traffic interruptions in metropolitan cities arise. With the advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), smart environments monitored in smart cities observe the influencing issues of the environment correctly, with the best control of traffic congestion, pollution, and other negative effects. Therefore, this study presents an intelligent traffic congestion control using Black Widow Optimization with Hybrid Deep Learning (ITC-BWOHDL) technique in Smart City Environment. The main aim of the ITC-BWOHDL technique is to utilize feature subset selection with parameter-tuning strategies for effective traffic congestion management. To obtain this, the ITC-BWOHDL technique primarily designs the emperor penguin optimizer-based feature selection (EPO-FS) approach for selecting a useful set of features. For the detection of traffic congestion, the ITCBWOHDL technique makes use of the HDL model which incorporates convolutional neural network (CNN) with gated recurrent unit (GRU) approach. To improve the classification results of the HDL model, the BWO-based hyperparameter tuning process gets executed. For exhibiting the improved classification outcome of the ITC-BWOHDL system, a comprehensive range of experiments was executed. The obtained outcome described the betterment of ITC-BWOHDL method over other existing techniques.
- Characteristics of Patients With Humeral Supracondylar Fracture in Children at Sanglah General Hospital 2019-2020
Authors: Wijayanti Sinar Adhy 
Published: January 2024

Humeral supracondylar fracture is a fracture that occurs at the elbow, precisely at the distal part of humeral bone as high as the humeral epicondyle which passes through the olecranial fossa. Humeral supracondylar fracture is a common fracture occur in the pediatric, 18% of all fractures experienced by children. The aims to determine the characteristics of supracondylar humeral fractures in children Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2019-2020. Research use descriptive method with cross-sectional study. Determination of samples based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analyzed using SPSS 26 software to obtain characteristics of patient humeral supracondylar fractures based on age, sex, fracture classification, location of the incident, onset, management, and complications. The results showed that cases of humeral supracondylar fractures in children at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar in 2019-2020 there are 16 cases. Humeral supracondylar fractures mostly occurred in 5-9 year age group (62.5%), dominated by male sex (62.5%). The most common classification of fractures is Gartland type III with percentage of 56.3%. Most of samples had fractures when they fell at home (62.5%) with acute onset of 93.8%. Most of samples received operative management of 68.8% and 93.8% did not experience complications. This research useful because can provide perception about characteristics of patients with supracondylar humeral fractures in children at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar 2019-2020. Analytical research needed to understand the relationship between characteristic variables of supracondylar fractures.
Keywords : Humeral Supracondylar Fracture, Characteristic, Children.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS PATIENTS AT DERMATOVENEROLOGY CLINIC OF RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR DURING THE PERIOD OF 2017-2019
Authors: Natih Sintha Aprillia Gita 
Published: January 2024

Dermatophytosis is a desases that caused by dermatofita from the family of arthrodermatacecae. There are six types of dermatofitosis based on the lesi location ; which are tinea korporis, tinea kruris, tinea pedis, tinea kaptisis, tinea unguium, tinea barbae and tinea kapitis. tinea korporis and tinea kruris are the most common happens in the dermatifita deases. This research conduct with a descriptive retrospektif method using secondary data from the patient book registration at dermatovenerology clinic of RSUP Sanglah Denpasar during the period of 2017-2019. the data collection base on the criteria of age, sex, old or new patient, type of dermatophytosis and the type of theraphy. during the researc, 123 data were meet the criteria of age, sex,old or new patient, type of dermatophytosis and the type of therapy. Thus, the data analyzed deskriptifly. the highest percentage obtained are tines corporis (33,6%) age group range 1-14 years old (25,4%) 15-24 years old (25,4%), male (55,0%), old patient (51,6%), combination theraphy (54,1%)
Keywords : Dermatophytosis, Tinea, Descriptive
PEROKOK PASIF SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR DAN KEMATIAN TERKAIT PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Pratiwi Ni Nyoman Sriwulan , Swi Antara I Made Putra , Adelia Yasmin A.A. Ayu Dwi , Yudha Dewangga Made Satria 
Published: January 2024

Background: The harmfull effects of smoking are not only applied to active smokers but also secondhand smokers. Reseach show that secondhand smokers have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. Hence, this systematic review aims to evaluate further the role of passive smoking as the risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: This systematic review was conducted based on the new PRISMA guidelines. This review included the relevant cohort prospective studies from the last five years in Pubmed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library. Results: There were five relevant studies included in this review. Four studies found that passive smoking has a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. One study reported that passive smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Passive smoking is a significant risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality.
Keywords: secondhand smoker, passive smoking, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality
THE EFFECTS OF GOLDEN SEA CUCUMBER EXTRACT ON TRIGLYCERIDE LEVELS OF HYPERLIPIDEMIC WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Angelina Nadya 
Published: January 2024

Background: Hypertrigliseridemia was a condition where the triglyceride levels on the blood exceeds its normal level, in long term, it can cause serious complications such as a coronary artery disease which if not handled well, can cause a cardiovascular disease.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the golden sea cucumber ethanol 96% extract effect to triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats.
Methods: Design method in this study was true experiment. Male wistar rats, 150-250 g of weight, and aged 2-3 months. The rats were divided into 5 groups of 8, group KN (negative control), group KP (positive control), group PI (4,25mg golden cucumber extract), group PII (8,5mg golden cucumber extract), and group PIII (17mg golden cucumber extract). Measurement of triglyceride levels was twice, at eighth and eighteenth week. All groups were given standard food before treatment (week-0) and were given a high fat diet for 2 months and during treatment. Group KP was given simvastatin 1,2mg, group PI was given 4,25 golden cucumber extract, group PII was given 8,5mg golden cucumber extract, and group PIII was given 17mg golden cucumber extract for 2 weeks. The results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis.
Results: The test results showed (p) = 0,034 which meant that the triglyceride has different meaning in each group. When compared, KN, KP, PI, PII, and PIII showed significant results.
Conclusion: From the data analysis, it can be concluded that when given a golden sea cucumber extract, the triglyceride level in the hiperlipidemia rats can be lowered.