bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New job, new habits? A multilevel interrupted time series analysis of changes in diet, physical activity and sleep among young adults starting work for the first time
Authors: Oxenham Alena F. , Braune Tanya , van Sluijs Esther , Fairbrother Hannah , Martin Adam , Winpenny Eleanor M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The workplace is an important determinant of health that people are exposed to for the first-time during adolescence or early adulthood. This study investigates how diet, physical activity, and sleep change as people aged 16–30 years transition into work and whether this varies for different individuals and job types.

Methods
Multilevel linear regression models assessed changes in fruit and vegetable intake, sleep duration, and physical activity among 3,302 UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) participants aged 16–30 years, who started work for the first time between 2015 and 2023. In line with interrupted time series analysis, models assessed behavioural trends in the period before starting work, the immediate effect of starting work, and changes in behaviour over time after employment. Stratified analyses examined differences by selected individual and job characteristics, adjusted for covariates. All analyses were conducted in R v.4.3.2.

Results
Sleep duration was stable over the years before and after starting work, but starting work was associated with an immediate reduction in sleep duration (β

$$\:=\:$$
-9.74 [95% CI:-17.32 to -2.17 min/night). Physical activity, measured in Metabolic Equivalent Tasks (METs), increased immediately after starting work (β = 113.3, [95% CI: 80.49 to 146.11] MET-min/day), but subsequently decreased over time after starting work (β= -26.7, [95% CI: -40.75 to -12.66] MET-min/day/year). The increase in physical activity was greater among males, among those with no degree and among those starting lower socioeconomic classification jobs. Starting a “work from home” job had an immediate negative effect on physical activity (β= -126.42 [95% CI: -264.45 to 11.61] MET-min/day), whereas those who worked at their employer’s premises showed an initial increase (β = 128.81 [95% CI: 89.46 to 168.16] MET-min/day). Starting work had little influence on fruit and vegetable consumption.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine how diet, physical activity, and sleep in young adults change as they start employment in the UK. Starting work is associated with decreased sleep time and increased physical activity, with differences based on sociodemographic and job characteristics. Future research should consider these potential influences of the work environment when developing interventions to promote healthy behaviour in the workplace.
Global Hopf bifurcation and positive periodic solutions of a delayed diffusive predator–prey model with weak Allee effect for predator
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Xu Xiaofeng , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate a delayed diffusive predator–prey model with weak Allee effect for predator. First, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of positive steady state and the local Hopf bifurcation. Next, we obtain the permanence and uniform boundedness of positive periodic solutions of the delayed reaction–diffusion system. The existence range of positive periodic solutions is further compressed by using iterative approach. For the system without delay, we prove the global attractiveness of unique positive steady state by using Lyapunov function, which ensures that the periods of positive periodic solutions are uniformly bounded. Then we obtain the global Hopf bifurcation and extended existence of positive periodic solutions by using the global Hopf bifurcation theorem of partial functional differential equation. Finally, the validity of the conclusion is verified through numerical simulation.
I’ve really struggled but it does not seem to work: adolescents’ experiences of living with ADHD – a thematic analysis
Authors: Zetterqvist Vendela , Öster Caisa , Oremark Anna , Myllys Lotta , Meyer Jenny , Ramklint Mia , Isaksson Johan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) the transition from childhood to adolescence encompass changes in symptom manifestation and related challenges. Given the potential negative impact of ADHD on adolescents, and the increased risk for dropping out from treatment, there is a need to understand more about how adolescents experience their condition. The aim of this study was to explore adolescents’ perceptions of how it is to live with ADHD.

Methods
Twenty adolescents (15–17 years old, 12 girls) diagnosed with ADHD who had completed a skills training group were interviewed. Data was analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes emerged: ‘I find it hard to regulate what I take in and what comes out’, ‘I’ve really struggled but it does not seem to work’, ‘ADHD impacts my vitality and my relationships’, and ‘I can be successful and things are getting better’.

Conclusion
Adolescents with ADHD experience problems with self-regulation with regards to cognitive, emotional and behavioural processes. They describe being either on or off. This difficulty to self-regulate is related to primary and secondary consequences such as stress, anxiety, loss of control, and by extension exhaustion, depressed mood, challenges in social interactions, self-accusations and a tendency of giving up. The experience of ‘being on’ has positive connotations of vigour and creativity. The challenges related to ADHD can to some extent be overcome with time for recovery, coping strategies, and medical treatment. Symptoms of ADHD can also decrease over time.

Trial registration
This qualitative study was not pre-registered.
Oxidative stress and dysregulated long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Jialu , Liu Meitong , Zhao Jiuhan , Hu Pan , Gao Lianbo , Tian Shen , Zhang Jin , Liu Huayan , Xu Xiaoxue , He Zhenwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease whose annual incidence is increasing as populations continue to age. Although its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in promoting the occurrence and development of the disease. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are more than 200 nucleotides in length, are also involved in the pathogenesis of PD at the transcriptional level via epigenetic regulation, or at the post-transcriptional level by participating in physiological processes, including aggregation of the α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium stabilization, and neuroinflammation. LncRNAs and oxidative stress are correlated during neurodegenerative processes: oxidative stress affects the expression of multiple lncRNAs, while lncRNAs regulate many genes involved in oxidative stress responses. Oxidative stress and lncRNAs also affect other processes associated with neurodegeneration, including mitochondrial dysfunction and increased neuroinflammation that lead to neuronal death. Therefore, modulating the levels of specific lncRNAs may alleviate pathological oxidative damage and have neuroprotective effects. This review discusses the general mechanisms of oxidative stress, pathological mechanism underlying the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD, and teases out the mechanisms through which lncRNAs regulate oxidative stress during PD pathogenesis, as well as identifies the possible neuroprotective mechanisms of lncRNAs. Reviewing published studies will help us further understand the mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNAs in the oxidative stress process in PD and to identify potential therapeutic strategies for PD.
Remdesivir-induced severe hypoglycemia in an elderly man without diabetes: a case report
Authors: Nagano Yasunori , Aoki Hisae , David Juri , Kondo Naoko Iwahashi , Aizawa Makimi , Sumita Toshiyuki , Hamada Yuki , Yamamoto Yuki , Yamada Kaoru 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Remdesivir is recommended to treat hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir is known to affect glucose metabolism in individuals with and without diabetes. However, little is known about the possibility of hypoglycemia associated with remdesivir. Our case is the first report demonstrating the development of severe hypoglycemia following remdesivir treatment in an elderly man without diabetes.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old man developed COVID-19 following surgery for sigmoid volvulus. The patient’s medical history included surgery for posterior correction of scoliosis, Chiari malformation type I, and syringomyelia. There was no history of diabetes mellitus. The patient was started on remdesivir (200 mg on day 1, followed by 100 mg intravenously daily until day 9). On day 7, following remdesivir administration, the patient developed severe hypoglycemia with a blood glucose (BG) level of 25 mg/dL. On day 8 and 9 he repeatedly developed severe hypoglycemia following administration of remdesivir. Considering the timing of administration, the patient’s hypoglycemia could have been caused by remdesivir. Therefore, his treatment with remdesivir was discontinued. After discontinuation, his BG levels normalized. The Naranjo algorithm, a tool for evaluating the causality of adverse drug reactions, classified the event as “Probable” (6 points).

Conclusions
Remdesivir may have caused hypoglycemia in this case. Health care professionals should be aware of its potential effects on glucose metabolism and the risk of hypoglycemia when treating patients with remdesivir.
The effects of skewness and kurtosis on production and hedging decisions: a Gram-Charlier expansion approach
Authors: Jiang Xuejun , Cheng Lingju , Dai Xinjie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, we propose a Gram-Charlier expansion approach to investigate the impact of skewness and kurtosis on production and hedging decisions. Consistent with the existing literature, we find that skewness and kurtosis do not affect decisions regarding optimal production; however, they significantly influence optimal hedging decisions. We observe that positive skewness with platykurtic spot prices or negative skewness with leptokurtic spot prices often leads to over-hedging when the initial forward contract price exceeds its expected value. Conversely, under-hedging is expected when the initial forward contract price falls below its expected value. In other conditions, skewness can either promote or impede speculative future trading. Using the Gram-Charlier expansion of the spot price density function, we find that optimal future positions depend on forward prices, the hedgers’ risk preference, and the spot price distribution. Simulations validate our findings on the impact of skewness and kurtosis on future hedging. Finally, we analyze of a cotton storage and forward contracting dataset to illustrate the application of our methodology and support our theoretical results.
Visual and somatosensory evoked potentials abnormalities among Behçet’s disease patients and their relation to disease activity, severity and antiphospholipid antibodies: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nageeb Ghada S. , Eliwa Enass A. , Tharwat Ibrahim , Mohammad Lamiaa A. , Attia Nada Alaa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Ocular, neurological, and vascular affection in BD are a major cause of such morbidity and mortality. Evoked potential (EP) studies including visual evoked potentials (VEP) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) in addition to antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are valuable tools for detection of ocular, neurological and vascular affection and may be used for assessment of activity and severity in BD. We aimed to use EP studies and aPL as objective tools in BD assessment.

Results
Abnormal VEP was found in 76% of BD patients and has a significant association with ocular involvement (P = 0.003), Moreover, Abnormal VEP was significantly associated with ocular activity (P = 0.002). Abnormal SSEP in both median and tibial nerves was found in 62% of patients, prolonged central conduction time of median and tibial nerves was found in 46% and 22% of patients respectively and was significantly associated with neurological involvement in BD (P < 0.05). Abnormal VEP and SSEP studies were significantly associated with BD disease severity (P < 0.05) but not activity. Vascular involvement was significantly associated with elevated lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin IgM antibodies (P < 0.05), elevated lupus anticoagulant levels were associated with optic nerve involvement and abnormal VEP.

Conclusion
Abnormal VEP and SSEP studies can be considered as indicators for BD severity and hence poorer prognosis. VEP study is a valuable tool in BD and may indicate ocular involvement or ocular activity. Prolonged Central conduction time of upper limb and lower limb evaluated by N13- N20 IPL and N22-P39 IPL respectively may be used to detect nervous system involvement in BD patients. Optic nerve involvement may be suspected in BD patients with elevated lupus anticoagulant, elevated LA and aCL IgM can be used as indicators for vascular involvement in BD.
The diagnostic conundrum of late-onset developmental regression in child psychiatry: case series
Authors: Abraham Shalu Elizabeth , Atmaram Sakhardande Kasturi , Khadanga Poornima , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Madegowda Rajendra Kiragasur , Manohar Harshini 
Published: January 2025

Background
Developmental regression in children, in the absence of neurological damage or trauma, presents a significant diagnostic challenge. The complexity is further compounded when it is associated with psychotic symptoms.

Method
We discuss a case series of ten children aged 6–10 years, with neurotypical development, presenting with late-onset developmental regression (>6 years of age), their clinical course and outcome at 1 year. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations and neuroimaging ruled out any identifiable neurological cause.

Results
Mean age at regression was 7.65 (s.d. 1.5) years and mean illness duration was 10.1 (s.d. 8.5) months. The symptom domains included regression (in more than two domains – cognitive, socio-emotional, language, bowel and bladder incontinence), emotional disturbances, and hallucinatory and repetitive behaviours. Response to treatment was gradual over 6 months to 1 year. At 1-year follow-up, nine children did not attain pre-regression functioning, and residual symptoms included not attaining age-appropriate speech and language, socio-emotional reciprocity and cognitive abilities.

Conclusions
These cases demonstrate a unique pattern of regression with psychiatric manifestations, distinct from autism spectrum disorder and childhood-onset schizophrenia. The diagnostic dilemma arises from the overlap of symptoms with childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), childhood-onset schizophrenia and autism. This study underscores the diagnostic intricacies of this clinical presentation and highlights the need for longitudinal follow-up to unravel the transitions in phenomenology, course and outcome. For severe manifestations such as developmental regression, where the illness is still evolving, considering CDD as a non-aetiological and transitory/tentative diagnosis would aid against premature diagnostic categorisation and provide scope for ongoing aetiological search.
Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy for patients with gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Omori Reo , Fujiwara Yu , Tokunaga Kota , Sato Takumi , Mukherjee Sarbajit 
Published: January 2025

430

Background:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, in combination with chemotherapy, are known to improve survival in advanced/metastatic gastric (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). Therefore, several trials incorporated ICIs in the neoadjuvant/peri-operative setting with promising preliminary results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for resectable GC or GEJC.
Methods:
PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of neoadjuvant anti PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs for locally advanced GC or GEJC up to 07/27/2024. Outcomes of interest were surgical outcomes such as pathological complete response (pCR) rate and major pathological response (MPR) rate. Risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using a fixed model meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with Review Manager 5.4.1.
I²
statistics was used to assess heterogeneity. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to assess the risk of bias. All analyses were conducted at a significance level of 0.05.
Results:
Seven RCTs comprising 2,911 GC or GEJC patients were included. Among these, 1,454 patients received neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and 1,457 patients received chemotherapy, respectively. Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy significantly improved pCR rate (RR 2.94; 95% CI 2.34-3.70; P<0.00001;

I
2

=33%), and MPR rate (RR 1.47; 95% CI 1.25-1.72; P<0.00001;

I
2

=30%) compared to chemotherapy alone. Chemoimmunotherapy was associated with slightly higher incidence of grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events than chemotherapy (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01-1.14; p=0.03;

I
2

=0%).
Conclusions:
This meta-analysis showed that adding ICIs to chemotherapy significantly improved the pCR and MPR rates and was feasible for patients with locally advanced GC or GEJC. Results of survival outcomes in the included trials and ongoing trials are awaited to further determine the efficacy and utility of chemoimmunotherapy and identify patient populations that benefit from this strategy.

Included studies.

Author
Year
Trial#
Design
Cancer; Stage
Name of IO
Target
Chemo regimen
Extracted data

pCR

MPR

TRAE

Ding X
2023
NCT04982939
P2
G/GEJ; Stage2-3
Sintilimab
PD-1
SOX
○
○

Janjigian YY
2023
NCT04592913
P3
G/GEJ; ≥T2Nany/T0-4 N+
Durvalumab
PD-L1
FLOT
○

○

Li C
2023
NCT04208347
P3
G/GEJ; T3-4aN+
Camrelizumab
PD-1
SOX(+apatinib)
○
○

Lin JX
2024
NCT04195828
P2
G; T2-4N+
Camrelizumab
PD-1
S-1+nabPTX
○
○
○

Lorenzen S
2024
NCT03421288
P2
G/GEJ; ≥T2 and/or N1
Atezolizumab
PD-L1
FLOT
○
○

Peng Z
2024
NCT04661150
P2
G/GEJ HER2+; resectable
Atezolizumab
PD-L1
CAPOX+Tmab
○

Shitara K
2024
NCT03221426
P3
G/GEJ; ≥T3N+
Pembrolizumab
PD-1
FLOT or XP/FP
○

○

Yuan SQ
2024
NCT04250948
P2
G/GEJ; T3-4N+
Toripalimab
PD-1
SOX/CAPOX
○
○
○
P-01 ADRENAL LESIONS IN A PATIENT WITH ACROMEGALY
Authors: Giannou Alexandra , Skoulikidi Stamatia , Emmanouilidis Panagiotis , Kanouta Fotini , Mitropoulou Marina , Vasileiou Vasiliki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 41 year old woman diagnosed with acromegaly due to a pituitary somatotroph macroadenoma (3.2 x 2.2 x 2.2 cm) and bilateral adrenal lesions, presented after her first transsphenoidal debulking surgery (TSS). She initially seeked medical care due to uncontrolled hypertension and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Αt the time of her first visit she was receiving octreotide.
The patient complained that her symptoms persisted, specifically that her blood pressure remained high, despite therapy with 4 different agents (not including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist) and her glycemic control was unsatisfactory, despite medication regimen (liraglutide and metformin). She underwent repetitive brain MRI which depicted residual disease (1.6 x 1.5 x 2.2 cm). Her laboratory panel revealed markedly increased levels of both GH and IGF-1 confirming disease persistence (on octreotide).
Subsequently her regimen was changed to pasireotide. However, it also failed to ameliorate her symptoms leading to a second operation. After the second surgery, her glycemic control was normalized and her hypertension was improved, despite slightly elevated IGF-1 levels. At this point pasireotide was discontinued.
Her initial check up had also revealed bilateral adrenal lesions, which were characterized as primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (PBMAH), with concomitant high aldosterone and suppressed renin and potassium levels. Plasma metanephrines were measured preoperatively to exclude pheochromocytoma. They were within normal limits. Her ACTH levels remained relatively low at 12.1 pg/ml (&lt;46) with basal cortisol at 12 μgr/dl. Multiple dexamethasone suppression tests (1 mg) were positive for mild autonomous cortisol suppression.
Due to the presence of concomitant high aldosterone and suppressed renin and potassium levels, she was submitted to a saline induced test (SIT) which was positive for primary hyperaldosteronism. Epleronone was started. Under this medication, her blood pressure remains well controlled and potassium levels have normalized.
This is a rare case of a patient with concomitant acromegaly and primary hyperaldosteronism on a base of PBMAH. Adrenal lesions in acromegalic patients have been mentioned mostly as non- functioning adenomas, though increased cortisol and aldosterone secretion has been recently described. The patient's symptoms remain under control to the moment, but as she hasn’t achieved biochemical remission of acromegaly we plan on reinitiating octreotide. We also plan to proceed to genetic screening to assess syndromic presentation and exclude aberrant receptor expression.Figure 1:CT of retroperitoneal regionright adrenal: 1.35 x 2.1 cm/-3HU left adrenal: outer limp 1.6 x 2 cm/-1HU inner limp 2 x 2.5cm/-5HU