bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empty stomach is not a good adviser: avoiding toxic Cyanobacteria can compromise tadpole antipredator defenses
Authors: Moura Samuel , Kloh Jéssica S. , Figueredo Cleber C. , Eterovick Paula C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Eutrophication events resulting from increased primary production are becoming common under changing environmental conditions that include habitat degradation and disturbance of food webs. They cause several detrimental ecological consequences including the intoxication of animals that ingest toxic Cyanobacteria. We tested whether the tadpole of an anthropophilic frog (Scinax longilineus) would avoid feeding on a potentially toxic Cyanobacteria using Raphidiopsis raciborskii as a model. We maintained tadpoles in water collected from a natural monospecific growth of R. raciborskii at the original concentration (100%) and concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75% of the original sample diluted in rested tap water. We evaluated the amount of R. raciborskii ingested by the tadpoles and conducted behavioral tests by exposing tadpoles to an aversive stimulus and quantifying their escape response. Tadpoles ate the least R. raciborskii the highest the concentration of this Cyanobacteria was in the water. Tadpoles exposed to 50 and 75% of the original concentration of the R. raciborskii sample had a reduction of time spent escaping, what is likely to compromise their ability to escape a real predator attack. Tadpoles at the highest concentration (100%) did not show significant changes in their escape performance, however they practically stopped feeding, what would not be a solution in the long term (i.e., duration of a real bloom). We conclude that tadpoles of S. longilineus can recognize the presence of R. raciborskii and avoid its ingestion, with potential sub-lethal effects represented by a reduced ability to escape predators.
Did Marx Defend Black Slavery? On Jamaica and Labour in a Black Skin
Authors: Slack Gregory 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the past 40 years a tradition of Marx interpretation has built up around a single passage concerning Black slavery in an 1853 letter from Marx to Engels, in order to demonstrate that Marx’s support for emancipation was conditional on the level of ‘civilisation’ attained by Black slaves. I will argue that this interpretation, which attempts to prove Marx’s racist defence of slavery, is overdetermined by an inattention to historical context and a hypersensitivity to Marx’s nineteenth-century epithets. This is important because the alleged anti-Black racism of Marx and the place Black workers occupy in his historical-materialist vision of class struggle are of the utmost significance for properly conceptualising the relationship between Marxism and Black liberation.
Time Intervals Produced by Silent Chronometric Counting are Involuntarily Affected by Number Word Magnitudes
Authors: Ruusuvirta Timo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chronometric counting is a method to approximate the duration of a time interval by keeping track of the accumulation of its one-second subintervals. The ordinality of the number words is instrumental to this method, but whether also the magnitudes of these words affect the approximations remains unclear. The participants performed self-initiated and silent chronometric counting in different directions to produce target intervals prospectively. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, counting from 1- to 6-s target intervals started or stopped at zero. In Experiment 2, 1- or 2-s target intervals were counted with low-magnitude (1–3) or high-magnitude (4–6) number words. The participants were found to overproduce target intervals towards their shorter durations (Experiments 1 and 2) and, at a trend level, with downward rather than upward counting (Experiment 1 but not Experiment 2). They also produced target intervals as longer in duration with high- than low-magnitude number words (Experiment 2). The main findings suggest an involuntary magnitude effect of endogenously activated number words on subjective time.
Statistical Characteristics of Mesoscale Fluctuations of Wind Velocity, Temperature, and Gas Concentrations Obtained from Aircraft Measurements in the Troposphere of the Arctic Region
Authors: Chunchuzov I. , Chkhetiani O. , Kulichkov S. , Popov O. , Belan B. , Fofonov A. , Ivlev G. , Kozlov A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The results of airborne measurements and statistical characteristics of mesoscale fluctuations of wind velocity, temperature, and concentrations of gas constituents at different heights of a stably stratified troposphere are presented. The measurements were carried out in September 2022 in the Arctic region of Russia with the aircraft laboratory Tu-134 “Optik.” The obtained spectra and structure functions of the fluctuations are interpreted with the theoretical model of formation of the spectrum of mesoscale wind velocity and temperature fluctuations described in the paper. The presence at high wavenumbers of a steep section in the obtained horizontal wavenumber spectra of the fluctuations of wind velocity and greenhouse gas concentration with a slope close to −3 is discussed. The fluctuation spectra along different slanted tracks of the aircraft crossing the tropospheric layer between altitudes of 1 and 9 km are also obtained and analyzed with the theoretical model.
Comparison of ADCP and ECCOv4r4 Currents in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent
Authors: Halpern David , Le Megan K. , Smith Timothy A. , Heimbach Patrick 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) flows eastward across the Pacific at the equator in the thermocline. Its variability is related to El Niño. Moored acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements recorded at four widely separated sites along the equator in the EUC were compared to currents generated by version 4 release 4 of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCOv4r4) global model–data synthesis product. We are interested to learn how well ECCOv4r4 currents could complement sparse in situ current measurements. ADCP measurements were not assimilated in ECCOv4r4. Comparisons occurred at 5-m depth intervals at 165°E, 170°W, 140°W, and 110°W over time intervals of 10–14 years from 1995 to 2010. Hourly values of ECCOv4r4 and ADCP EUC core speeds were strongly correlated, similar for the EUC transport per unit width (TPUW). Correlations were substantially weaker at 110°W. Although we expected means and standard deviations of ECCOv4r4 currents to be smaller than ADCP values because of ECCOv4r4’s grid representation error, the large differences were unforeseen. The appearance of ECCOv4r4 diurnal-period current oscillations was surprising. As the EUC moved eastward from 170° to 140°W, the ECCOv4r4 TPUW exhibited a much smaller increase compared to the ADCP TPUW. A consequence of smaller ECCOv4r4 EUC core speeds was significantly fewer instances of gradient Richardson number (Ri) less than 1/4 above and below the depth of the core speed compared to Ri computed with ADCP observations. We present linear regression analyses to use monthly-mean ECCOv4r4 EUC core speeds and TPUWs as proxies for ADCP measurements.

Significance Statement
Hundreds of scientific papers have used ECCO data products generated with a continually evolving state-of-the-art ocean-model–data synthesis system. We ask, How representative is the latest version of ECCO equatorial ocean currents? We use independent in situ current measurements as the reference dataset to establish the accuracy of ECCO currents in the tropical Pacific. Attention is focused on the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) because it contributes to the formation of El Niño and La Niña events. ECCO EUC core speeds were smaller in magnitude and less variable in time compared to observations. As a consequence, ECCO currents generated smaller vertical mixing in the EUC compared to that inferred from current measurements. We developed a linear regression model to improve representation of monthly-mean ECCO currents.
Is Training Working Memory in Children with Learning Disabilities a Viable Solution? A Systematic Review
Authors: Rao Priya Srikanth , Pandey Manoj K. , Mishra Prabha , Deshmukh Seema , Jahan Masroor , Manohar J Shivananda 
Published: October 2023

Background Working memory (WM) is one of the most influential cognitive functions in encoding, registering, and retrieving information. It influences the learning process in children. Its role becomes essential, especially in a child with a learning disability (LD). Researchers worldwide are giving much prominence to WM, especially in devising cognitive retraining strategies for better cognitive functioning and academic attainment in these children. This current study aims to explore globally used instruments to measure this construct and review effective WM training models in the cognitive rehabilitation of children with LD. This study used a systematic review, availing the elaborate “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA)” guidelines. Summary The databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched thoroughly, and those studies, which met the inclusion criteria, were considered for this review. Out of 770 studies found with keywords, only six met the inclusion criteria and were selected for a detailed analysis. The outcome of the current review provides trustworthy evidence of poor performance, especially in tasks involving verbal and executive WM in children with all types of learning disabilities (LD) and difficulties. The studies reviewed support the hypothesis that WM can improve with training and significantly improve children’s academic attainment. Key Message Further this review recommends that research and efforts must go into devising these cognitive training techniques. Children have high cerebral plasticity; hence, using cognitive training (emphasizing WM training and other cognitive functions) with them would enhance their cognitive functioning and capacity, improving their academic performance.
Preliminary Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Symptom Burden in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Hoang Jemmie , Gilbertson-White Stephanie , Cady Nicole , Yadav Meeta , Shahi Shailesh , Aguilar Leeann , Mangalam Ashutosh K. , Cherwin Catherine 
Published: October 2023

Background Alterations in the naturally occurring bacteria of the gut, known as the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome, may influence GI symptoms in women with breast cancer. Objective This work aims to describe GI symptom occurrence, duration, severity, and distress and measures of the GI microbiome among women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Interventions/Methods 22 women with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy and 17 healthy control women provided stool specimens and GI symptom data using the modified Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). The fecal microbiome was profiled by metagenomic sequencing of 16S Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). GI microbiome was compared between groups using alpha-diversity (Observed OTU number and Shannon index), beta-diversity (UniFrac distances), and relative abundance of select genera. Results GI symptoms with high symptom reports among breast cancer patients included nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, dry mouth, taste change, and poor appetite. Indices of differential abundance (beta diversity) significantly distinguished between breast cancer patients and healthy controls. Unique bacterial features differentiating the 2 groups were Prevotella_9, Akkermansia, Lachnospira, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Lachnoclostridium, and Oscillibacter. Conclusions Gut bacteria are associated with GI inflammation and mucus degradation, suggesting the potential role of the GI microbiome in GI symptom burden. Understanding the influence of GI bacteria on gut health and symptoms will help harness the enormous potential of the GI microbiome as a future diagnostic and therapeutic agent to reduce the symptom burden associated with chemotherapy.
Relapse recovery in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: An analysis of the CombiRx dataset
Authors: Koch Marcus W , Moral Ester , Brieva Luis , Mostert Jop , Strijbis Eva MM , Comtois Jacynthe , Repovic Pavle , Bowen James D , Wolinsky Jerry S , Lublin Fred D , Cutter Gary 
Published: October 2023

Background: Clinical relapses are the defining feature of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but relatively little is known about the time course of relapse recovery. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the time course of and patient factors associated with the speed and success of relapse recovery in people with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: Using data from CombiRx, a large RRMS trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00211887), we measured the time to recovery from the first on-trial relapse. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and Cox regression models to investigate the association of patient factors with the time to unconfirmed and confirmed relapse recovery. Results: CombiRx included 1008 participants. We investigated 240 relapses. Median time to relapse recovery was 111 days. Most recovery events took place within 1 year of relapse onset: 202 of 240 (84%) individuals recovered during follow-up, 161 of 202 (80%) by 180 days, and 189 of 202 (94%) by 365 days. Relapse severity was the only factor associated with relapse recovery. Conclusion: Recovery from relapses takes place up to approximately 1 year after the event. Relapse severity, but no other patient factors, was associated with the speed of relapse recovery. Our findings inform clinical practice and trial design in RRMS.
Reversed asymmetrical switch costs in voluntary language switching: Evidence from typed responses
Authors: Philipp Andrea M. , Syndicus Marc , Declerck Mathieu 
Published: October 2023

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Prior research has put forward that asymmetrical switch costs in language switching do not occur when bilinguals are in a voluntary language-switching context. While several studies have provided evidence along these lines, two very recent studies have put this into question. This study further investigates the possibility that voluntary language switching abolishes asymmetrical switch costs. Design/methodology/approach: We presented German-English bilinguals ( n = 79) with pictures that had to be named in either German or English, whichever they chose, by typing. Data and analysis: Reaction times (both the latency of the first keystroke and interkeystroke intervals) were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression modeling with the factors Trial type (switch vs. repetition trial) and Language (German vs. English), whereas the error rates were analyzed using logistic mixed-effects regression modeling. Findings/conclusions: The onset latencies and inter-keystroke intervals both showed larger second-language (English) than first-language (German) switch costs (i.e., reversed asymmetrical switch costs). As switch costs were modulated by language dominance in a voluntary language-switching context, this study provides evidence that voluntary language switching is not a boundary condition for asymmetrical switch costs. Originality: In contrast to most previous language-switching studies, we used typed rather than vocal responses in a voluntary language-switching paradigm. In addition, our findings further support and generalize very recent findings of (reversed) asymmetrical switch costs in voluntary language switching. Significance/implications: Since asymmetrical switch costs, an important measure of bilingual inhibitory control, are not consistently observed throughout the language-switching literature, it is essential to understand its boundary conditions.
Challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a maxillary palatally displaced canine: A case report
Authors: Valladares-Neto José , Valladares de Almeida Ana Paula , Garib Daniela , Massaro Camila 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The management of eruption disturbances in orthodontics may be challenging and requires a careful diagnosis and treatment planning. This case report discusses the challenges of a two-phase orthodontic treatment of a patient presenting with a dental eruption pattern anomaly. Patient concerns: A 10-year-old boy presented with no complaints for a routine orthodontic evaluation during the mixed dentition. Primary diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with a skeletal Class I malocclusion with unilateral posterior crossbite, incomplete mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition and a unilateral maxillary ectopic canine. Interventions: Phase 1 started with rapid maxillary expansion to correct the maxillary constriction and the ectopic eruption of the right maxillary canine. In the mandibular arch, phase 1 included the extraction of the left primary lateral incisor and canine, alignment of the left permanent lateral incisor and orthodontic traction of the left permanent canine. The duration of phase 1 was 14 months. Phase 2 involved a comprehensive course of orthodontic treatment and started when the patient was aged 13 years. This phase lasted 18 months. Results: An adequate dental occlusion was obtained, and the treatment results were stable after an 18-month follow-up. Conclusion: In this case, the early diagnosis of the dental anomalies was valuable as it allowed an early intervention to be undertaken, which resulted in overall treatment simplification and potentially minimised the adverse effects. This case report reinforces the importance of a careful follow-up during mixed dentition.
Influence of Humoral Response Against GnRH, Generated by Immunization with a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate on the Evolution of Patients with Castration-Sensitive Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Campal-Espinosa Ana Cristina , Junco-Barranco Jesús Arturo , Fuentes-Aguilar Franklin , Calzada-Aguilera Lesvia , Rivacoba-Betancourt Annia , Rodríguez-Bueno Ranfis Humberto , Bover-Campal Ana Claudia , Bover-Fuentes Eddy Emilio , González Lourdes , de Quesada Lourdes , Alvarez Allelin , Garay-Pérez Hilda Elisa 
Published: October 2023

Background and aims A gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based therapeutic vaccine candidate against hormone-sensitive prostate cancer has demonstrated its safety and signs of efficacy in phase I/II trials. In this study, we characterized the isotype/subclass profiles of the anti-GnRH humoral response generated by the vaccination and analyzed its association with patients’ clinical outcomes. Methods The immunoglobulin isotypes and IgG subclasses of the antibody responses of 34 patients included in a randomized, open, prospective phase I/II clinical trial were characterized. Every patient included in the study had a diagnosis of locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma at stages 3 and 4 and received immunization with the vaccine candidate. Additionally, serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, serving as indicators of tumor response, were determined. The type of anti-GnRH antibody response was correlated to the time elapsed until the first biochemical recurrence in patients and the outcome of the disease. Results All patients developed strong and prolonged anti-GnRH antibody responses, resulting in a short- to mid-term decrease in serum testosterone and PSA levels. Following immunizations, anti-GnRH antibodies of the IgM/IgG and IgG1/IgG3 subclasses were observed. Following radiotherapy, the humoral response switched to IgG (IgG1/IgG4). Patients who experienced a short-term biochemical relapse were characterized by significantly higher levels of anti-GnRH IgG titers, particularly IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses. These characteristics, along with a high response of specific IgM antibodies at the end of immunizations and the development of anti-GnRH IgA antibody responses following radiotherapy, were observed in patients whose disease progressed, compared to those with controlled disease. Conclusion The nature of the humoral response against anti-GnRH, induced by vaccination may play a key role in activating additional immunological mechanisms. Collectively, these mechanisms could contribute significantly to the regulation of tumor growth.
Measurement of Five Emotions Defined by Traditional Chinese Medicine With a Focus on Preventing Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zou Jiaojiao , He Ziqiu , Huang Youou , Zhou Bin , Zhou Yuemin , Kodama Joe , Lu Yuquan 
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel Measurement of the Five Emotions (MFE) based on traditional Chinese medicine for assessing cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. Methods: Surveys were collected from 184 participants, over 65 years of age, who were residents of Kyoto City, Japan. The surveys included the Measurement of the Five Emotions (MFE) and the Dementia Assessment Sheet for the Community-based Integrated Care System (DASC-21). Item-total reliability and internal consistency reliability were assessed using Spearman's correlation test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient analysis. Factor analysis was conducted to identify the main factors related to the theoretically constructed emotional reaction patterns. Criterion-related validity was examined by investigating the correlation between the scores of the 2 surveys (MFE and DASC-21). Results: The factor analysis revealed that the final version of MFE consisted of 5 factors, which accounted for a cumulative contribution rate of 57.71%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient reached .71, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. There was a negative correlation between the MFE and DASC-21 scores with a correlation coefficient of −.3149. Furthermore, when comparing participants with lower cognitive function (DASC-21 score >26) to those with higher cognitive function, MFE subscale scores in the emotions of “Sorrow” and “Thought” were significantly lower, suggesting that these particular emotions are related to cognitive impairment. These findings confirmed the reliability and the construct validity of the MFE. Conclusion: The criterion reliability and validity tests provided evidence for the construct validity of the MFE. The negative correlation (coefficient = −.3149) between MFE scores and DASC-21 scores suggested that MFE can serve as a scale for detecting cognitive impairment.
Vein Morphology in Endoscopic Vein Harvesting: 15-Year Outcomes
Authors: Lee John Y. , Pedula Kathryn L. , Berkley Timothy O. , McNevin Kamala P. , Chen John C. 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Long-term outcomes of vein morphologies in the endoscopic vein harvesting setting are lacking. We analyzed 15-year follow-up for endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphology outcomes in coronary artery bypass grafting at a single center. Methods: This single-center, prospectively collected, retrospective, observational study evaluated 15-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) of endoscopic versus open vein harvesting and associated vein morphologies. Results: Among 729 patients, no differences were found between endoscopic and open vein harvesting in MACE hazard ratios despite increased risks with native Hawai’ian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino patients. Asian and Filipino patients had more thin-walled veins and Asian and multirace patients had more vasovasoral branches than White patients. Bifid veins were associated with increased risk of cardiac catheterization. Varicose veins were associated with myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and death. Thick-walled veins were associated with revascularization and dense adhesions with cardiac catheterization and revascularization. Conclusions: Fifteen-year adjusted MACE was similar between endoscopic and open vein harvesting in small coronary targets despite increased risks with native Hawai’ian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino patients. Bifid, varicose, thick-walled veins, and dense adhesions had worse MACE.