bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface Strength Evaluation of LSI Devices Using the Weibull Stress
Authors: Minami F , Takahara W , Nakamura T 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Interface fracture strength is evaluated by the Weibull stress criterion for LSI devices composed of epoxy resin and Fe-Ni alloy sheet. The difference in coefficient of thermal expansion of the epoxy resin and Fe-Ni sheet causes a stress singularity at the corner ends of the device in the cooling process during LSI packaging, which is responsible for the interface fracture of the device. It is shown that the critical Weibull stress, an integrated stress over the stressed body along the interface, at fracture initiation is almost independent of the package geometry, although both the local stresses and the singularity parameters in the LSI device significantly depend on it. Shape design to decrease the Weibull stress values would be effective to improve the LSI devices reliability.
Intimidation in Ice Hockey: An Exploratory Assessment
Authors: Crawford BJ , Stuart MJ , Smith AM , Brennan RD 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the components of intimidation in ice hockey and to determine their effects on players, coaches, and referees. In a pilot test, hockey coaches (N = 17) from three levels of participation were invited to an informal, exploratory symposium to assess their opinions on the role of intimidation in ice hockey. The following themes emerged: a) coaches' behavior and expectations, b) observable behavior, c) player's perceived role, and d) sociological factors. A preliminary intimidation model was developed. A survey including 80 open-ended questionnaires designed to stimulate discussion on the definition of intimidation, methods used to intimidate, and factors perceived as intimidating, was distributed to players (N = 66), coaches (N = 8), and referees (N = 6). The data were analyzed using qualitative methods [1,2] and intimidation was defined. Results support a theoretical model, which serves as a point of departure for future research and visually depicts the components of intimidation and their interactions.
Measuring the Effects of Initiating Body Checking at the Atom Age Level
Authors: Montelpare WJ , McPherson MN 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of initiating body checking at the Atom age level. The study used an experimental design in which teams from the Ottawa District Minor Hockey Association (ODMHA) represented the control group, while teams from the Ontario Hockey Federation (OHF) represented the treatment group. The study was conducted over a 3-year period from 1998 to 2001. The comparison sampling between the two leagues was as follows: ODMHA Yr1 = 69 teams versus OHF Yr1 = 74 teams, ODMHA Yr2 = 59 teams versus OHF Yr2 = 101 teams, ODMHA Yr3 = 46 teams versus OHF Yr3 = 90 teams. Measures of interest reported here included player selection bias, injury incidence, and variables that describe the characteristics of the flow of the game such as goals for, goals against, and number of penalties. Athlete exposures for each league by year were computed using 15 players per team for a 20 game plus 20 practice schedule. Statistical analysis of the difference in proportions of injuries reported by the two leagues based on the CHA injury insurance dataset showed that no significant difference occurred per year of the study. In addition, the rates of injuries were lower in each year than those reported by previously published studies. Body checking, which includes body contact is considered by many to be a skill within the game of ice hockey that can be taught at the younger age levels in a manner that does not lead to a higher incidence of injuries, or unfavorable changes in the game. The results of this study support that contention. In the present study, it was assumed that education was an essential component of the introduction process and that coaches were provided the necessary background to enable them to teach the introduction of body checking as a skill.
Psychophysiologic Factors and Performance in Ice Hockey Goalies During Competition
Authors: Smith AM , Finnie SB , Stuart MJ , Meis J , Beaver KM , Laskowski ER , Young WF 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Studying goalies, who play a key position in hockey requires examining psychophysiologic variables and their relationship to performance during games when the outcome is important [15]. This investigation tested all three aspects of emotion (subjective, physiologic changes, and performance). Nine male goalies completed questionnaires and provided salivary cortisol before, during, and after each game. Heart rate (ECG signal) was integrated with the goalie's performance video. Goalies rated on Likert Scales; headaches, stomach aches, insomnia, nervousness, and awareness of heart pounding. Data from 16 games were obtained. Of nine, two goalies provided data on three games each; one goalie was classified as a responder and the other a non-responder, based on salivary cortisol levels (SCL). The responder's SCL increased 572 % between baseline and post-period assessments, whereas SCL in the non-responder increased 50 % above baseline. The responder's SCL increased eight times baseline when he faced 16 shots in a period. The responder goalie's game heart rates (HRs) were 160, 152, and 167 beats per minute (bpm) and the non-responder's HRs were 147, 132, and 142 bpm for three games. Game performance was similar for both goalies.
Mechanism-Based Variability in Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo
Authors: Jha SK , Larsen JM , Rosenberger AH , Hartman GA 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
The variability in fatigue life of a Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy was studied. The cumulative life distribution plot was found to be composed of two distinct failure mechanisms, designated as Type-I and Type-II. The likelihood of Type-I vs. Type-II failure shifted with respect to the stress level, such that at lower stress levels, there was increased probability of Type-II failure. It also was found that the variability in life was introduced primarily at the crack nucleation stage, specifically, formation of a stage-I crack across an equiaxed primary-α particle.
A Simple Compatibility Testing Protocol for Bentonite-Based Barrier Systems
Authors: Osicki RS , Fleming IR , Haug MD 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper investigates macroscopically observable properties of bentonite. Bentonite slurries were prepared with varying pore water chemistry, using salt solutions for which compatibility problems have been shown. Using these samples, a rapid testing protocol was developed for evaluation of compatibility. Fann viscometer and filter press testing are well-established methods to examine bentonite quality and expected permeability of bentonite based barrier systems. This paper presents new research into the use of these simple tools to examine potential alteration or compatibility problems. Bentonite slurries made using the permeant of interest can be quickly evaluated for comparison with water-hydrated slurries. These results were confirmed with permeameter tests using GCLs. The permeability from the GCLs can be compared with the relative values inferred from the filter press and viscometer testing related to the double layer thickness. The authors believe that this work suggests that a few quick and simple tests can be done to evaluate potential compatibility issues with bentonite in natural form or in prefabricated geosynthetics. For industry, this will have the advantage of a very quick and cheap test that may be carried out to evaluate compatibility issues.
Porosity of Asphalt Concrete Made With Waste Shredded-Tire Rubber-Modified Binders
Authors: CÇelik ON 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Most bituminous paving researchers agree that high air void content (high permeability) should be avoided in the design and construction of bituminous pavements. Void content in bituminous mixtures is one of the main approaches in determining the optimum binder content. The current design procedures and the Leeds design method provide an approach to determination of the air voids in bituminous mixtures. Because the determination of porosity in bituminous mixtures is based on a calculated value, which is dependent on the accuracy of the mix composition, it is difficult to use porosity as a crucial parameter for acceptance of constructed bituminous pavements. In fact, porosity measurements are often the source of dispute and disagreement between contractor and engineer. For this reason, it is important to develop methods for the direct measurement of porosity in the laboratory so that verification in the field can be made independent of the compaction of the mix. This paper introduces a new porosity measuring procedure based on the Leeds vacuum porosity meter and presents the results obtained from this apparatus for asphalt concrete made with shredded-rubber modified binder.
Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt Macro- and Microtexture
Authors: Stroup-Gardiner M , Studdard J , Wagner C 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Pavement macrotexture is considered the primary factor in skid resistance at speeds over 65 km/h (40 mph). A total of 18 projects (9 Superpave and 9 Marshall mix designs) were evaluated to determine if the macrotexture of the pavement surface was influenced by gradation changes associated with the move to Superpave mix designs. The Federal Highway Administration ROSAN high-frequency laser system was used to measure macrotexture. Changes in microtexture, also a factor in skid resistance, were evaluated using a British Pendulum (BP) tester to determine the BP numbers of laboratory-compacted samples. Results indicated that the macrotexture did not change as a result of changes in mix design practices. The nominal maximum size of aggregate seemed to be the key factor in change in pavement surface macrotexture. Mixes, either Superpave or Marshall, with a nominal maximum size 9.5 mm or 12.5 mm have macrotextures of less than 0.5 mm. Based on information in the literature, the skid resistance for these Alabama pavements was estimated at 40 or higher.
Three-Dimensional Crack Detection Method for Structures Using Simulated Strain Gages and the Body Force Method
Authors: Yoshimura T , Harada T , Noguchi H , Yoshimura T 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A method for estimating the stress field of an observed domain by considering the surface of a 3-dimensional object as a pseudo3-dimensional object has been proposed in a previous report by the present authors. In this method, some strain gages and the body force method are used. In this paper, the method is applied to crack detection in notched structures. A characteristic stress field attributable to the crack can be expected in the observed domain. Crack detection is then tried by showing the characteristic stress field. Detection of an ideal crack, which is a through crack or a quarter-circular crack on the hidden side, is studied using the finite-element method (FEM). Moreover, the stress fields are estimated using the present method from the FEM's stress values instead of actual stress values. In both a through crack and a quarter-circular hidden crack, the characteristic stress field can be shown; the characteristic stress field means that two stress concentrations exist along the notch. Finally, the application limits of the present method are shown.
Time-Constrained Scheduling and Module Allocation for On-Line Testability in Pipelined Data Paths
Authors: Ismaeel A , Mathew R 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
This paper presents an on-line testable-pipelined data path synthesis with the goal of minimizing testing time. An independent time-constrained scheduling with a module allocation algorithm for a pipelined data path is proposed. The algorithm takes any behavioral description represented as a data flow graph as input and generates a pipelined data path. The pipelined data path is composed of resources such as modules, registers, and multiplexers. Our on-line testing methodology applies to modules where multi type operations are assigned. The test is performed on each type of operation assigned to a module. The testing time is reduced by minimizing the overall number of types of operations assigned to modules. Thus, the objective is to minimize the overall number of types of operations assigned to all modules by performing pipelined data path synthesis. Experimental results confirm there can be some improvement in minimizing the overall number of types of operations assigned to all modules.
An Application of the Random Balance Method in Conjunction with the Plackett-Burman Screening Design in Metal Cutting Tests
Authors: Astakhov VP 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
This papers deals with an experimental study of metal cutting, particularly gundrilling. It argues that a proper experimental methodology based on the design of experiments (DOE) is an appropriate instrument to improve productivity and efficiency of machining. A screening DOE based on the random balance method and the Plackett-Burman screening design is considered. Such a DOE is referred to as a sieve design. The proposed method has proven to be very useful at the first stage of an experimental study of complex parameters as, for example, tool life testing, where the experimentalist wishes to include into consideration many design and process parameters. Conducting a relatively simple sieve DOE, the experimentalist easily can distinguish significant factors and their interactions of any order to be used in the subsequent full block DOE. A practical example of an application using the proposed DOE, a tool life test of gundrills, is considered in detail.
Experimental Evaluation of Longitudinal Seismic Performance of Bridge Restrainers at In-Span Hinges
Authors: Vlassis AG , Maragakis E , Saiidi M 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
A specimen consisting of two box girder reinforced concrete blocks representing the adjacent spans of a reference bridge at an in-span hinge was constructed and tested under incrementally increasing input excitation to investigate the impact between adjacent bridge spans at in-span hinges, to evaluate the efficacy of restrainers in reducing relative displacements across the hinges, and to examine the effects of restrainer stiffness and gap on the response of the hinge-restrainer system. Cable restrainers were used to connect the two blocks, the number and gap of which were varied during the experiments. The experimental results indicated that impacts between the adjacent frames produce acceleration levels significantly higher than what is typically assumed in design. In all the restrained system cases, restrainers were capable of reducing hinge relative displacements and preventing span unseating. However, restrainer yielding occurred under strong input motions, especially when the restrainer gap was set to zero.
Detecting Overload from Strain Information during Fatigue Crack Propagation under Negative Stress Ratio
Authors: Makabe Chobin , Purnowidodo Anindito , Sueyoshi Toshiyasu , Utsunomiya Takao 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
In the present study, a detection method of an overload application during stress cycles under constant amplitude was investigated. Also, the effect of the tensile overload was shown at three stress ratios: R = 0, -1, and -1.5, to understand the effects of R on crack propagation after an overload. At the baseline of R = 0, after the overload, retardation in the crack propagation was observed, and the crack growth rate decreased. However, in the case of R = -1.5, the fatigue crack growth rate actually accelerated after the tensile overload. The detection of that crack propagation behavior was attempted through the information of the strain waveform h; h = εy + 1.2λx, where εx and εy are the local strains at the specimen axis, and λ is the strain range ratio Δεy/Δεx. The waveform shape of h was changed after the overloading. Also, the application of the overload could be detected by the variation of the strain range ratio λ. Especially, the present method is useful for cases of the crack propagation stage under negative R conditions.
Methodology for Determination of Electrical Properties of Soils
Authors: Rohini K , Singh DN 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Efforts were made to determine electrical resistivity, capacitance, and dielectric constant of the soil mass, by conducting experiments on silty soil and white clay samples, compacted at various dry densities, water contents, and saturations. To achieve this an impedance cell and a time-domain reflectometry probe were used. Based on the study, relationships between resistivity and capacitance, with respect to saturation, dry density, and water content are developed, and the dielectric constant of the soil mass is determined. These results exhibit an excellent match with results reported in the literature. The study demonstrates the utility of the developed methodology for determining electrical properties of soils, easily and rapidly.
Infant with severe penicillamine embryopathy born to a woman with Wilson disease
Authors: Pinter R. , Hogge W.A. , McPherson E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe report a chromosomally normal infant boy with congenital diffuse cutis laxa, severe micrognathia, contractures of all limbs, and central nervous system abnormalities including agenesis of the corpus callosum, born to a woman taking D‐penicillamine (DP) for Wilson disease (WD) throughout her pregnancy. His postnatal course was remarkable for chronic lung disease, profound developmental delays, and probable cortical blindness, as well as resolution of his cutis laxa. Embryopathy is a rare complication in babies born to pregnant women treated with DP, and there have been only seven previous reports of birth defects in exposed infants (three of which had favorable postnatal outcomes). The etiology of the severe outcome in this boy is unclear, but prenatal measurement of maternal copper and zinc levels may be indicated for management. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic and molecular variability of the holoprosencephalic spectrum
Authors: Lazaro Leila , Dubourg Christéle , Pasquier Laurent , Duff Franck Le , Blayau Martine , Durou Marie‐Renée , Pintière Armelle Thomas de la , Aguilella Céline , David Véronique , Odent Sylvie 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSince 1996, a European network has been organized from Rennes, France and holoprosencephalic files were collected for clinical and molecular study. Familial instances of typical and atypical holoprosencephaly (HPE) were found in 30% of cases. All affected children had psychomotor delay with microcephaly, often associated with endocrine, digestive, and respiratory abnormalities, and thermal dysregulation. Among 173 subjects in the molecular study, 28 heterozygous mutations were identified (16%): 15 SHH mutations, 6 ZIC2 mutations, 5 SIX3 mutations, and 2 TGIF mutations. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Further evidence of a combined effect of SERTPR and TPH on SSRIs response in mood disorders
Authors: Serretti Alessandro , Cusin Cristina , Rossini David , Artioli Paola , Dotoli Danilo , Zanardi Raffaella 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe reported an independent association of the short variant of the serotonin transporter gene‐linked polymorphic region (SERTPR) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) genes with antidepressant response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The aim of the present study was to confirm the effect of the SERTPR and TPH gene variants on the SSRIs antidepressant activity in a new sample of major and bipolar depressives. Two hundred and twenty one inpatients (major depressives = 128, bipolar disorder = 93) were treated with SSRIs (fluvoxamine or paroxetine) for 6 weeks; the severity of depressive symptoms was weekly assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). SERTPR and TPH variants were determined using PCR‐based techniques, 220 subjects genotyped for SERTPR and 221 for TPH that were never included in previous studies. SERTPR*s/s variant association with a poor response to SSRI treatment was confirmed, even if with less significant P values (P = 0.034), independently from clinical variables; pooling the present sample with previous ones we observed a highly significant effect (P < 0.000001). TPH*A/A variants showed higher HAMD scores throughout the trial but with only a trend in the same direction of our previous study in terms of a worse response of A/A genotypes. Thus, the previous positive association was not fully replicated for TPH. The present independent replication confirms SERTPR variants as a liability factor for antidepressant efficacy while the TPH effect is not unequivocal. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term results of bilateral pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Volkmann Jens , Allert Niels , Voges Jürgen , Sturm Volker , Schnitzler Alfons , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe followed up 11 patients for up to 5 years after bilateral pallidal deep brain stimulation for advanced Parkinson's disease. Dyskinesias remained significantly reduced until the last assessment. The initial improvement of off‐period motor symptoms and fluctuations, however, was not sustained and gradually declined. Beneficial effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation on activities of daily living in the on‐ and off‐period were lost after the first year. Replacement of pallidal electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus in four patients could restore the initial benefit of deep brain stimulation and allowed a significant reduction of dopaminergic drug therapy.
A critical period for prevention of posttraumatic neocortical hyperexcitability in rats
Authors: Graber Kevin D. , Prince David A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractPenetrating cortical trauma frequently results in delayed development of epilepsy. In the rat undercut model of neocortical posttraumatic hyperexcitability, suppression of neuronal activity by exposing the injured cortex to tetrodotoxin (TTX) in vivo for approximately 2 weeks prevents the expression of abnormal hypersynchronous discharges in neocortical slices. We examined the relationship between neuronal activity during the latent period after trauma and subsequent expression of hyperexcitability by varying the timing of TTX treatment. Partially isolated islands of rat sensorimotor cortex were treated with Elvax polymer containing TTX to suppress cortical activity and slices obtained for in vitro experiments 10 to 15 days later. TTX treatment was either started immediately after injury and discontinued after a variable number of days or delayed for a variable time after the lesion was placed. Immediate treatment lasting only 2 to 3 days and treatment delayed up to 3 days prevented hyperexcitability. Thus, there is a critical period for development of hyperexcitability in this model that depends on cortical activity. We propose that the hyperexcitability caused by partial cortical isolation may represent an early stage of posttraumatic epileptogenesis. A hypothetical cascade of events leading to subsequent pathophysiological activity is likely initiated at the time of injury but remains plastic during this critical period. Ann Neurol 2004;55:860–870