bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Klimawandel und Extremereignisse: Temperatur inklusive Hitzewellen
Authors: Friedrich Karsten , Deutschländer Thomas , Kreienkamp Frank , Leps Nora , Mächel Hermann , Walter Andreas 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungHaben sich extreme Temperaturereignisse in der Vergangenheit in Deutschland verändert? Welche Veränderungen sind in der Zukunft zu erwarten? Die Antworten auf diese Fragen variieren je nach Prozess, Region, Jahreszeit, Indikator und Bezugszeitraum. Anders als für andere Extremereignisse sind in Bezug auf die Temperaturentwicklung inzwischen relativ sichere Aussagen möglich. Das Kapitel stellt die meteorologischen Kennzahlen vor und widmet sich Untersuchungen auf Tagesbasis sowie der Auswertung länger andauernder Perioden, sowohl am oberen als auch am unteren Ende der Temperaturskala. Der Fokus liegt dabei allerdings auf heißen Tagen oder Hitzewellen. Von der beobachteten Zunahme solcher Ereignisse in der nahen Vergangenheit wird der Bogen geschlagen zur möglichen zukünftigen Entwicklung und Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeit extremer Temperaturereignisse.
Der Klimawandel: Auswirkungen auf Winde und Zyklonen
Authors: Pinto Joaquim G. , Feser Frauke , Ludwig Patrick , Reyers Mark 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungFür das zukünftige Klima ist eine Verschiebung des Gebietes über dem Nordatlantik, in dem Zyklonen bevorzugt in Richtung Europa ziehen wahrscheinlich, was die Windaktivitäten stark beeinflussen wird. Beobachtungen der vergangenen Jahrzehnte und Klimaprojektionen zeigen für das zukünftige Klima eine starke zwischenjährliche Schwankung der Zyklonenaktivität über dem Nordatlantik. In diesem Kapitel werden beobachtete Trends den Ergebnissen der Klimamodellierung zukünftiger Windaktivitäten gegenübergestellt. Der Beitrag diskutiert die Robustheit der Ergebnisse und stellt dar, warum extreme Sturmereignisse künftig häufiger auftreten könnten.
How Cities Shape Our Experience
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCities need to be places of inclusion, belonging, and access. Failing to do so leads to social and economic costs for citizens, such as the marginalization and exclusion of persons with disabilities and older persons from participating in important services and activities. The construction industry shapes our built environment and has a significant role to play in ensuring cities are places of inclusion and access to create a more equitable future for us all. However, current practices within the construction industry are failing to accommodate persons with disabilities and older persons. Inclusive practices in construction management require technical approaches that support project delivery. The construction industry can inform and support policy objectives, but it is lacking in its management approach to ensure accessibility for all. There is a need for integrated approaches that are embedded in the standard operating procedures of cities, companies, and the wider construction industry to absorb the costs of accessibility over the life cycle of building or infrastructure developments. City leaders and construction companies must engage local communities in participatory planning and share effective processes and best practices for incorporating accessibility principles into their projects.
Making and Measuring Progress in Radically Inclusive Cities
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi can serve as useful examples of the journey cities can undertake toward radical inclusion for persons with disabilities in the context of rapid urbanization. The actions of these cities over previous decades provide examples of practical approaches to building more inclusion and belonging by design. The management, governance, and strategies they undertook demonstrate how consistent and measurable progress toward inclusion, equity, and accessibility can be effectively designed and executed. Two frameworks, the DisCo Policy Framework and the Iceberg of Inequality Model, can be used to complement these city-based case studies. The DisCo Policy Framework is a tool for evaluating inclusive urban development and has five interrelated criteria for assessment. The Iceberg of Inequality Model shows the hierarchical structure of primary rights and capabilities. These tools can be used to benchmark progress toward radical inclusion and form part of a multidimensional and cross-sectional toolkit for key stakeholders to undo decades old errors and omissions in broad based planning, policy, and design. The UN Habitat III Conference also highlighted six key areas for advancing equity, access, and inclusion in cities as well as the need for political commitment to inclusive urbanization.
Shedding light on dark bubble cosmology
Authors: Basile Ivano , Danielsson Ulf , Giri Suvendu , Panizo Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dark bubble cosmology is an alternative paradigm to compactification, which can circumvent issues of moduli stabilization and scale separation. In this paper we investigate how electromagnetic fields can be incorporated in this framework. Worldvolume fields backreact on the ambient universe in which the bubble expands, which in turn affects the energy-momentum distribution and the effective gravity induced on the brane. We compute these effects, showing that the resulting four-dimensional cosmology consistently includes electromagnetic waves.
Analytic States in Quantum Field Theory on Curved Spacetimes
Authors: Strohmaier Alexander , Witten Edward 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe discuss high energy properties of states for (possibly interacting) quantum fields in curved spacetimes. In particular, if the spacetime is real analytic, we show that an analogue of the timelike tube theorem and the Reeh–Schlieder property hold with respect to states satisfying a weak form of microlocal analyticity condition. The former means the von Neumann algebra of observables of a spacelike tube equals the von Neumann algebra of observables of a significantly bigger region that is obtained by deforming the boundary of the tube in a timelike manner. This generalizes theorems by Araki (Helv Phys Acta 36:132–139, 1963) and Borchers (Nuovo Cim (10) 19:787–793, 1961) to curved spacetimes.
Evaluation of different isotope dilution mass spectrometry strategies for the characterization of naturally abundant and isotopically labelled peptide standards
Authors: Nicolás Carcelén Jesús , Potes Rodríguez Helí , González-Gago Adriana , Marchante-Gayón Juan Manuel , Ballesteros Alfredo , González José Manuel , García Alonso José Ignacio , Rodríguez-González Pablo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural abundance and isotopically labelled tryptic peptides are routinely employed as standards in quantitative proteomics. The certification of the peptide content is usually carried out by amino acid analysis using isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) after the acid hydrolysis of the peptide. For the validation and traceability of the amino acid analysis procedure, expensive certified peptides must be employed. In this work we evaluate different IDMS alternatives which will reduce the amount of certified peptide required for validation of the amino acid analysis procedure. In this context, the characterization of both natural and isotopically labelled synthetic angiotensin I peptides was carried out. First, we applied a fast procedure for peptide hydrolysis based on microwave-assisted digestion and employed two certified peptide reference materials SRM 998 angiotensin I and CRM 6901-b C-peptide for validation of the hydrolysis procedure. The amino acids proline, leucine, isoleucine, valine, tyrosine, arginine and phenylalanine were evaluated for their suitability for peptide certification by IDMS by both liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC)–MS/MS. Then, natural angiotensin I and 13C1-labelled angiotensin I were synthesized in-house and purified by preparative liquid chromatography. The concentration of the 13C1-labelled angiotensin I peptide was established by reverse IDMS in its native form using SRM 998 angiotensin I as reference. The concentration of the natural synthesized peptide was determined by IDMS both using the 13C1-labelled peptide in its native form and by amino acid analysis showing comparable results. Finally, the synthetic naturally abundant angiotensin I peptide was employed as “in-house” standard for the validation of subsequent peptide characterization procedures. Therefore, the novelty of this work relies on, first, the development of a faster hydrolysis procedure assisted by focused microwaves, providing complete hydrolysis in 150 min, and secondly, a validation strategy combining GC–MS and LC–MS/MS that allowed us to certify the purity of an in-house-synthesized peptide standard that can be employed as quality control in further experiments.
Graphical abstract
Changes in Microbial Composition During the Succession of Biological Soil Crusts in Alpine Hulun Buir Sandy Land, China
Authors: Duan Yulong , Li Yuqiang , Zhao Jianhua , Zhang Junbiao , Luo Chun , Jia Rongliang , Liu Xinping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiological soil crusts (biocrusts) are considered “desert ecosystem engineers” because they play a vital role in the restoration and stability maintenance of deserts, including those cold sandy land ecosystems at high latitudes, which are especially understudied. Microorganisms participate in the formation and succession of biocrusts, contributing to soil properties’ improvement and the stability of soil aggregates, and thus vegetation development. Accordingly, understanding the composition and successional characteristics of microorganisms is a prerequisite for analyzing the ecological functions of biocrusts and related applications. Here, the Hulun Buir Sandy Land region in northeastern China—lying at the highest latitude of any sandy land in the country—was selected for study. Through a field investigation and next-generation sequencing (Illumina MiSeq PE300 Platform), our goal was to assess the shifts in diversity and community composition of soil bacteria and fungi across different stages during the succession of biocrusts in this region, and to uncover the main factors involved in shaping their soil microbial community. The results revealed that the nutrient enrichment capacity of biocrusts for available nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total content of water-soluble salt, available potassium, soil organic matter, and available phosphorus was progressively enhanced by the succession of cyanobacterial crusts to lichen crusts and then to moss crusts. In tandem, soil bacterial diversity increased as biocrust succession proceeded but fungal diversity decreased. A total of 32 bacterial phyla and 11 fungal phyla were identified, these also known to occur in other desert ecosystems. Among those taxa, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria significantly increased and decreased, respectively, along the cyanobacterial crust–lichen–moss crust successional gradient. However, for Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria their changed relative abundance was significantly hump-shaped, increasing in the shift from cyanobacterial crust to lichen crust, and then decreasing as lichen crust shifted to moss crust. In this process, the improved soil properties effectively enhanced soil bacterial and fungal community composition. Altogether, these findings broaden our understanding about how soil microbial properties can change during the succession of biocrusts in high-latitude, cold sandy land ecosystems.
In vitro conversion of ellagic acid to urolithin A by different gut microbiota of urolithin metabotype A
Authors: He Fuxiang , Bian Yingying , Zhao Yaling , Xia Mengjie , Liu Shu , Gui Jiajin , Hou Xiaoyue , Fang Yaowei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The metabolite urolithin A, a metabolite of the dietary polyphenol ellagic acid (EA), has significant health benefits for humans. However, studies on the gut microbiota involved in ellagic acid metabolism are limited. In this study, we conducted in vitro fermentation of EA using human intestinal microbiome combined with antibiotics (vancomycin, polymyxin B sulfate, and amphotericin B). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis demonstrated that the production capacity of urolithin A by gut microbiota co-treated with polymyxin B sulfate and amphotericin B (22.39 µM) was similar to that of untreated gut microbiota (24.26 µM). Macrogenomics (high-throughput sequencing) was used to analyze the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. The results showed that the abundance of Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium bifidum in the gut microbiota without antibiotic treatment or co-treated with polymyxin B sulfate and amphotericin B during EA fermentation was higher than that in other antibiotic treatment gut microbiota. Therefore, B. longum, B. adolescentis, and B. bifidum may be new genera involved in the conversion of EA to urolithin A. In conclusion, the study revealed unique interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota, deepening our understanding of the relationship between phenolic compounds like EA and the gut microbiota. These findings may contribute to the development of gut bacteria as potential probiotics for further development.

Key points
• Intestinal microbiome involved in ellagic acid metabolism.
• Gram-positive bacteria in the intestinal microbiome are crucial for ellagic acid metabolism.
• Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium bifidum participate in ellagic acid metabolism.
Cortical Divisive Normalization from Wilson–Cowan Neural Dynamics
Authors: Malo Jesús , Esteve-Taboada José Juan , Bertalmío Marcelo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDivisive Normalization and the Wilson–Cowan equations are well-known influential models of nonlinear neural interaction (Carandini and Heeger in Nat Rev Neurosci 13(1):51, 2012; Wilson and Cowan in Kybernetik 13(2):55, 1973). However, they have been always treated as different approaches and have not been analytically related yet. In this work, we show that Divisive Normalization can be derived from the Wilson–Cowan dynamics. Specifically, assuming that Divisive Normalization is the steady state of the Wilson–Cowan differential equations, we find that the kernel that controls neural interactions in Divisive Normalization depends on the Wilson–Cowan kernel but also depends on the signal. A standard stability analysis of a Wilson–Cowan model with the parameters obtained from our relation shows that the Divisive Normalization solution is a stable node. This stability suggests the appropriateness of our steady state assumption. The proposed theory provides a mechanistic foundation for the suggestions that have been done on the need of signal-dependent Divisive Normalization in Coen-Cagli et al. (PLoS Comput Biol 8(3):e1002405, 2012). Moreover, this theory explains the modifications that had to be introduced ad hoc in Gaussian kernels of Divisive Normalization in Martinez-Garcia et al. (Front Neurosci 13:8, 2019) to reproduce contrast responses in V1 cortex. Finally, the derived relation implies that the Wilson–Cowan dynamics also reproduce visual masking and subjective image distortion, which up to now had been explained mainly via Divisive Normalization.
Probing nonlinear excitation conditions: photoluminescence and nonlinear absorption studies in laser-irradiated dielectrics
Authors: Sneftrup Peter S. , Juergens Peter , Michele Vincenzo De , Andrade José R. C. , Vrakking Marc J. J. , Balling Peter , Mermillod-Blondin Alexandre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the fundamentals of laser-matter interactions is crucial for developing and optimizing ultrafast laser processing strategies. In optically transparent solids, the key event by which energy is deposited in the material is through the generation of an electron–hole plasma via nonlinear excitation mechanisms. As the energy stored in the plasma relaxes, local distortions of the lattice may occur, such as point defects. These defects give rise to new discrete energy states located in the bandgap. In this study, we investigate how the presence of these energy states influences the transmission of ultrashort near-infrared laser pulses in fused silica. Experimental results of laser pulse transmission and photoluminescence from defects are correlated with optical microscopy of the irradiated spots, allowing us to identify different nonlinear interaction regimes. Numerical simulations indicate that photo-induced defects influence the nonlinear losses of ultrashort laser pulses and explain why a non-destructive damage regime with detectable excitation is only observed for a narrow intensity range in multipulse experiments.
Difference in one-year late lumen loss between high- and low-dose paclitaxel-coated balloons for femoropopliteal disease
Authors: Kodama Kenji , Soga Yoshimitsu , Tomoi Yusuke , Sakai Nobuaki , Imada Kazuaki , Katsuki Tomonori , Tabata Hiroyuki , Ando Kenji , Nakagawa Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe objective of the study is to investigate the difference in 1-year late lumen loss (LLL) between the high- (IN.PACT Admiral) and low-dose (Lutonix) paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB). Although a recent randomized clinical trial demonstrated no difference in efficacy endpoint between high- and low-dose PCB, it remains unclear whether high-dose PCB was superior to low-dose PCB in actual clinical practice. We enrolled 64 patients with 67 de novo femoropopliteal lesions who underwent PCB angioplasty at Kokura Memorial Hospital from May 2014 to March 2020 and subsequent follow-up angiography after 1 year. The primary endpoint was 1-year LLL, whereas the secondary endpoints were binary restenosis and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) after 1 year. The high- and low-dose PCB groups had 45 and 22 lesions, respectively. Although the low-dose PCB group had higher rates of coronary artery disease, hemodialysis, and chronic limb-threatening ischemia than the high-dose PCB group, the latter had a longer lesion length and more lesions with a TASC classification C or D than the former. The high-dose PCB group had a significantly lower LLL than the low-dose PCB group (0.40 ± 1.05 vs. 1.19 ± 1.03 mm; P = 0.003, respectively). Moreover, the high-dose PCB group had significantly lower rates of binary restenosis at 1 year than the low-dose PCB group (22.2% vs. 50.0%; P = 0.02, respectively). Moreover, negative LLL was only observed in the high-dose PCB group (33.3% vs. 0%, P = 0.005). The high-dose PCB group had a significantly lower LLL than the low-dose PCB group.
High-dose glucocorticoids in COVID-19 patients with acute encephalopathy: clinical and imaging findings in a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rhally Alexandra , Bommarito Giulia , Uginet Marjolaine , Breville Gautier , Stancu Patrick , Accorroni Alice , Assal Frédéric , Lalive Patrice H. , Lövblad Karl-Olof , Allali Gilles 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Acute encephalopathy (AE) has been described as a severe complication of COVID-19. Inflammation has been suggested as a pathogenic mechanism, with high-dose glucocorticoids (GC) showing a beneficial effect. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiological features in a group of COVID-19 AE patients who received GC treatment (GT) and in a non-treated (NT) group.

Method
Thirty-six patients with COVID-19 AE (mean age 72.6 $$\pm$$
±
11 years; 86.11% men) were evaluated for GC treatment. Twelve patients (mean age 73.6 $$\pm$$
±
4.5 years; 66.67% men) received GC, whereas 24 patients who showed signs of spontaneous remission were not treated with GC (mean age 70.1 $$\pm$$
±
8.6 years; 95.83% men). Differences in clinical characteristics and correlations with imaging features were explored.

Results
The GT group showed signs of vulnerability, with a longer hospitalization (p = 0.009) and AE duration (p = 0.012) and a higher hypertensive arteriopathy (HTNA) score (p = 0.022), when compared to NT group. At hospital discharge, the two groups were comparable in terms of clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale; p = 0.666) or mortality (p = 0.607). In our whole group analyses, AE severity was positively correlated with periventricular white matter hyperintensities (p = 0.011), deep enlarged perivascular spaces (p = 0.039) and HTNA score (p = 0.014).

Conclusion
This study suggests that, despite signs of radiological vulnerability and AE severity, patients treated by high-dose GC showed similar outcome at discharge, with respect to NT patients. Imaging features of cerebral small vessel disease correlated with AE severity, supporting the hypothesis that brain structural vulnerability can impact AE in COVID-19.
Long-term occlusal tooth wear at the onset of permanent dentition
Authors: Schmid Thomas , Dritsas Konstantinos , Gebistorf Meret , Halazonetis Demetrios , Katsaros Christos , Gkantidis Nikolaos 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study quantified the long-term occlusal wear in the natural posterior teeth and the associations per tooth type within the dentition.MethodsThe sample included 70 orthodontically treated subjects (52 females and 18 males; median age, 14.3 years), followed for a 12.7-year period. They were consecutively selected with no tooth wear–related criteria. Post-treatment (T1) and follow-up dental casts (T2) were scanned and superimposed through three-dimensional methods. Occlusal wear volume of posterior teeth and tooth wear patterns were investigated through non-parametric statistics and analysis of covariance.ResultsThere were no significant differences between contralateral teeth. The average occlusal wear per posterior tooth was 2.3 mm3, with 65.2% of teeth showing values greater than 1 mm3. Males, mandibular teeth, and first molars exhibited slightly greater wear levels than females (median, 2.57 and 2.21 mm3, respectively;p = 0.005), maxillary teeth, and first or second premolars, respectively. In all first premolars and in the mandibular second premolars, the buccal cusps were primarily affected with no other distinct patterns. There were weak to moderate correlations between tooth types, apart from certain strong correlations detected in males.ConclusionsPosterior tooth wear was highly prevalent after a 13-year period starting at the onset of permanent dentition. The detected patterns are in accordance with the concept of canine guidance occlusion that is transforming into group synergy through function.Clinical relevanceThe widespread tooth wear occurrence and the high intra- and inter-individual variability underline the need for individual patient monitoring to identify high-risk patients at early stages.
Surface enhanced substrate simulation optimized coupled PLS model for quantitative detection of acetone in transformer oil
Authors: Qian Yihua , Wang Qing , Pan Siwei , Yang Zhuang , Yang Dingkun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcetone is a reliable index to evaluate the aging state of oil paper insulation. It is of great significance to study a fast, highly sensitive and accurate method of detecting acetone in oil to ensure the safe and stable operation of oil-immersed transformers. In this paper, a method based on surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the detection of acetone in oil is investigated. Based on the mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a simulation model of surface-enhanced substrate was constructed using COMSOL software, and it was determined that the enhancement effect was better when silver nanowires/zinc oxide nanorods (Ag/ZnO) composite structure was selected. Ag/ZnO substrates were prepared by solvothermal method and experimentally tuned and characterized to obtain SERS substrates with high enhancement properties. The substrate coupled partial least square (PLS) model was used to establish a method for the detection of acetone in insulating oils, and its limit of quantification for acetone was 0.003 mg/g, which meets the requirements for engineering testing.