bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine alleviates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive decline in rats undergoing open surgery under sevoflurane anaesthesia by suppressing CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein beta
Authors: Fu Shanshan , Zhao Xianghai , Li Yingna , Fan Xinwen , Huang Zeqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDexmedetomidine (Dex) may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating inflammatory responses. However, whether Dex specifically improves postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) by inhibiting microglial inflammation through what pathway remains unclear. In this study, the POCD model was constructed by performing open surgery after 3 h of continuous inhalation of 3% sevoflurane to rats, which were intraperitoneally injected with 25 μg/kg Dex .5 h before anaesthesia. The results displayed that Dex intervention decreased rat escape latency, maintained swimming speed and increased the number of times rats crossed the platform and the time spent in the target quadrant. Furthermore, the rat neuronal injury was restored, alleviated POCD modelling‐induced rat hippocampal microglial activation and inhibited microglial M1 type polarization. Besides, we administered Dex injection and/or CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein beta (CEBPB) knockdown on the basis of sevoflurane exposure and open surgery and found that CEBPB was knocked down, resulting in the inability of Dex to function, which confirmed CEBPB as a target for Dex treatment. To sum up, Dex improved POCD by considering CEBPB as a drug target to activate the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/p‐38 signaling pathway, inhibiting microglial M1 polarization‐mediated inflammation in the central nervous system.
European agricultural soil management: Towards climate‐smart and sustainability, knowledge needs and research approaches
Authors: Keesstra S. D. , Chenu C. , Munkholm L. J. , Cornu S. , Kuikman P. J. , Thorsøe M. H. , Besse‐Lototskaya A. , Visser S. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent soil‐ and land degradation seriously challenge our societies; it contributes to climate change, loss of biodiversity and loss of agricultural productions. Yet, soils are also seen as a major part of the solution, if maintained or restored to provide ecosystem services. Climate‐smart sustainable management of soils can provide options for soil health maintenance and restoration. In the European Union, the resource management and sustainability challenge are addressed in the Green Deal that, among other goals, aspires towards a healthy climate‐resilient agricultural sector that will produce sufficient products without damaging ecosystems and contribute to better biodiversity and mitigate climate change. The European Joint Programme (EJP) SOIL was set up to contribute to these goals by developing knowledge, tools and an integrated research community to foster climate‐smart sustainable agricultural soil management that provides a diversity of ecosystem service, such as adapting to and mitigating climate change, allowing sustainable food production, and sustaining soil biodiversity. This paper provides an overview of the potential of climate‐smart sustainable soil management research to the targets of the Green Deal that are related to soils most directly. The EJP SOIL EU‐wide consultation (interviews and questionnaires) and literature analysis (national and international reports and papers) done in the first year (2020–2021) generated a wealth of data. This data showed that there are specific manners to do research that are essential for it to be effective and efficient and that can actively contribute to the Green Deal targets. We concluded that research needs to be: (i) interdisciplinary, (ii) long‐term, (iii) multi‐scaled, from plot to landscape, (iv) evaluating trade‐offs of selected management options for ecosystem services and (v) co‐constructed with key stakeholders. Research on climate‐smart sustainable soil management should be developed (1) on plot scale when mobilizing soil processes and on landscape scale when addressing sediment and water connectivity and biodiversity management; and (2) address the enabling conditions through good governance, social acceptance and viable economic conditions.
Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese children: A multicenter study from 2016 to 2023
Authors: Xu Wenyan , Yang Bite , Lin Lang , Lin Qiong , Wang Hui , Yang Lu , Li Zhongyue , Lamm Shelby , Chen Ye , Yang Ningmin , Chen Yishu , Yu Chaohui , Li Lan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) strains to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, levofloxacin, furazolidone, and tetracycline in Chinese children.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective study was conducted from January 2016 through May 2023. Gastric mucosa biopsies were obtained from pediatric participants who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at 96 hospitals in northern, southwestern, and southeastern China. The susceptibility of H. pylori to six commonly used antibiotics was determined by agar dilution method.ResultsAmong the 3074 H. pylori isolates, 36.7% were resistant to clarithromycin, 77.3% to metronidazole, 16.6% to levofloxacin, and 0.3% to amoxicillin. No strains were detected to be resistant to furazolidone or tetracycline. During the 8‐year study period, resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole showed a significant upward trend, while the resistance pattern of the other antibiotics demonstrated a slight but nonsignificant fluctuation. Significant regional differences were found in the distribution of clarithromycin resistance among the northern (66.0%), southwestern (48.2%), and southeastern (34.6%) regions. The metronidazole resistance rate was significantly lower in the southeastern coastal region (76.3%) than in the other two regions (88.2% in the north and 87.7% in the southwest). Multi‐drug resistance for two or more antibiotics was detected in 36.3% of the H. pylori strains, and the predominant multi‐resistance pattern was the dual resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole.ConclusionsThe prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole is rather high in Chinese children and has been increasing over time. A relatively high resistance rate to levofloxacin was also noticed in children, while almost all strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, furazolidone, and tetracycline. It will be of great clinical significance to continuously monitor the antibiotic‐resistance patterns of H. pylori in the pediatric population.
Comparative analysis of the therapeutic outcomes of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and lenvatinib for hepatocellular carcinoma patients aged 80 years and older: Multicenter study
Authors: Hatanaka Takeshi , Kakizaki Satoru , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tada Toshifumi , Hirooka Masashi , Kariyama Kazuya , Tani Joji , Atsukawa Masanori , Takaguchi Koichi , Itobayashi Ei , Fukunishi Shinya , Tsuji Kunihiko , Ishikawa Toru , Tajiri Kazuto , Ochi Hironori , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Ogawa Chikara , Yokohama Keisuke , Nishikawa Hiroki , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Noritomo , Kawata Kazuhito , Kosaka Hisashi , Naganuma Atsushi , Yata Yutaka , Ohama Hideko , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Aoki Tomoko , Tanaka Kazunari , Tanaka Takaaki , Tada Fujimasa , Nouso Kazuhiro , Morishita Asahiro , Tsutsui Akemi , Nagano Takuya , Itokawa Norio , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Imai Michitaka , Koizumi Yohei , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kaibori Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Hiasa Yoichi , Kudo Masatoshi , Kumada Takashi ,   the Real‐life Practice Experts for HCC (RELPEC) Study Group, and HCC 48 Group (hepatocellular carcinoma experts from 48 clinics in Japan)
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimElderly patients are believed to have a reduced immune capacity, which may make immunotherapy less effective. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic outcome of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) and lenvatinib (LEN) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients aged 80 years and older.MethodsFrom March 2018 to July 2022, 170 and 92 elderly patients who received LEN and Atez/Bev as first‐line treatment, respectively, were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median ages of the Atez/Bev and LEN groups were 83.0 (8.01–86.0) and 83.0 (82.0–86.0) years (p = 0.3), respectively. Men accounted for approximately 70% of the patients in both groups. The objective response rate was 35.9% in the LEN group and 33.7% in the Atez/Bev group (p = 0.8), whereas the disease control rates in the LEN and Atez/Bev groups were 62.9% and 63.0%, respectively (p = 1.0). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the LEN and Atez/Bev groups was 6.3 and 7.2 months, respectively, which were not significantly different (p = 0.2). The median overall survival (OS) was 17.9 months in the LEN group and 14.0 months in the Atez/Bev group. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.7). In multivariate analyses, the choice of treatment (LEN vs. Atez/Bev) showed no association with PFS or OS. The Atez/Bev group had a significantly higher rate of postprogression treatment (59.0% vs. 35.7%, p = 0.01) and a lower rate of discontinuation due to adverse events (69 [40.6%] vs. 19 [20.7%], p < 0.001) compared to the LEN group.ConclusionsAtezolizumab plus bevacizumab showed comparable effectiveness to LEN in HCC patients aged 80 years and older. Given the results of postprogression treatment and discontinuation due to adverse events, Atez/Bev could serve as a first‐line treatment even for elderly HCC patients.
The feasibility of marine oleogel based on fish oil canning industry by‐products, structured with beeswax and rice bran wax
Authors: Ramadhan Wahyu , Krisnawan William Vito , Firdaos Anita Nurul , Riyanto Bambang , Suseno Sugeng Heri , Trilaksani Wini , Santoso Joko , Pari Rizfi Fariz 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThe presence of trans fatty acid in food is often reduced through the use of fat replacers or oleogel technology. However, these alternatives typically encounter a scarcity of resources, specifically vegetable oil, which serves as the primary raw material. In fact, oil derived from marine, particularly fish oil by‐products, can be valorised as a colloidal architecture. Therefore, this study aims to assess the optimal type of oleogelator by applying different concentrations of beeswax (BW) and rice bran wax (RBW) in the generating of oleogel based on fish oil by‐product. Oleogel thermogram showed a shift in the melting point with increasing temperatures for concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. Oleogel containing 15% BW and 5% BW had the highest (99.27 ± 0.55%) and lowest (78.20 ± 2.54%) oil binding capacity, respectively. The rheology evaluation showed dynamic shifts in oleogel system as the type and concentration of oleogelator were altered, underscoring the importance of G′ and G″. The use of a 10% oleogelator generated preferable results for both BW and RBW in terms of melting point, OBC, viscous behaviour and appearance of oleogel. Furthermore, this selected oleogel strategy exhibited similar textural properties to commercial margarine when used in a sponge cake as the food model system.
Gendered competencies and gender composition: A human versus algorithm evaluator comparison
Authors: Merritt Stephanie M. , Ryan Ann Marie , Gardner Cari , Liff Joshua , Mondragon Nathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe rise in AI‐based assessments in hiring contexts has led to significant media speculation regarding their role in exacerbating or mitigating employment inequities. In this study, we examined 46,214 ratings from 4947 interviews to ascertain if gender differences in ratings were related to interactions among content (stereotype‐relevant competencies), context (occupational gender composition), and rater type (human vs. algorithm). Contrary to the hypothesized effects of smaller gender differences in algorithmic scoring than with human raters, we found that both human and algorithmic ratings of men on agentic competencies were higher than those given to women. Also unexpected, the algorithmic scoring evidenced greater gender differences in communal ratings than humans (with women rated higher than men) and similar differences in non‐stereotypic competency ratings that were in the opposite direction (humans rated men higher than women, while algorithms rated women higher than men). In more female‐dominated occupations, humans tended to rate applicants as generally less competent overall relative to the algorithms, but algorithms rated men more highly in these occupations. Implications for auditing for group differences in selection contexts are discussed.
Retail & wholesale inventories: A literature review and path forward
Authors: Marzolf Micah J. , Miller Jason W. , Peinkofer Simone T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEfficient management of inventories is essential for both retailers and wholesalers. Two disciplines which have extensively studied retail and wholesale (R&W) inventories are supply chain management (SCM) and economics. Each discipline is affected by R&W inventories but has taken different approaches to investigating these inventories, presenting an opportunity for learning between disciplines. In this manuscript, we aim to advance the study of R&W inventories in the SCM discipline. We accomplish this goal by reviewing and synthesizing SCM and economics research set in the R&W sectors that studies inventories or inventory performance as the outcome of interest. To synthesize the literature and develop research suggestions, we develop a framework along which to classify the existing literature to identify gaps and opportunities, grouping the literature based on (1) the level at which inventory is studied (sector/industry level, firm level, or SKU/product/category level) and (2) the type of predictors that are studied (internal or external). Based on the literature review, we identify opportunities for future research to enhance our understanding of R&W inventories, with research falling within four topics: (1) resolving inconsistencies across studies; (2) expanding the study of R&W inventories within the developed framework; (3) cross‐level theorizing; and (4) theorizing across time.
Multi‐Temporality and the Ghostly: How Communing with Times Past Informs Organizational Futures
Authors: Maclean Mairi , Harvey Charles , Suddaby Roy , Coraiola Diego M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite growing interest in time, history, and memory, we lack an understanding of the multi‐temporal reality of organizations – how past, present, and future intersect to inform organizational life. In assuming that legacies are bequeathed from past to present, there has been little theorization on how this works practically. We propose that the lexicon of the ghostly can help. We contribute a theory of ghostly influence from past to future by offering a framework focusing on core moments of organizational existence: foundation, strategic change, and longevity commemoration, and illustrate this using a case study of consumer goods multinational Procter & Gamble (1930–2010). In showing that organizational ghosts, absent members whose presence is consequential to the actions of living members, are active and dialogical, we illuminate a dialectical interaction missing from other non‐linear conceptions of temporality. This emphasizes the performative force of a dynamic past that provides an inference to action in the present and future.
A case of monozygotic twins with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 and epilepsy, of whom only one developed narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Mizuno Yuri , Uehara Taira , Nakamura Yuri , Okadome Toshiki , Mukaino Takahiko , Koh Kishin , Takiyama Yoshihisa , Kanbayashi Takashi , Isobe Noriko , Kira Jun‐ichi , Murai Hiroyuki , Shigeto Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

SummaryWe report a case of monozygotic twin sisters with hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4 (SPG4) and epilepsy, only one of whom had a diagnosis of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). The older sister with NT1 exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep‐onset rapid eye movement period in the multiple sleep latency test, and decreased orexin levels in cerebrospinal fluid. Both sisters had HLA‐DRB1*15:01‐DQB1*06:02 and were further identified to have a novel missense mutation (c.1156A > C, p.Asn386His) in the coding exon of the spastin (SPAST) gene. The novel missense mutation might be involved in the development of epilepsy. This case is characterised by a combined diagnosis of SPG4 and epilepsy, and it is the first report of NT1 combined with epilepsy and genetically confirmed SPG4. The fact that only one of the twins has NT1 suggests that acquired and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of NT1.
Bridging the gap: Understanding the barriers and facilitators to performance for Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic medical students in the United Kingdom
Authors: Morrison Nariell , Machado Michelle , Blackburn Clare 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDifferential attainment is a well‐known phenomenon in medical education. Despite a strong impetus for institutions and researchers to move away from a ‘student deficit model’ when exploring the attainment gap, little attention has been given to understanding the experiences of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) medical students. Informed by the social construction of learning theory, this is the first national study to explore how multiple dimensions of the medical school environment impact academic performance of BAME undergraduate medical students across the UK.MethodsUsing a sequential explanatory mixed‐methods approach, the authors conducted a survey and facilitated three focus groups across medical schools in the UK between 2020–2021. Participants self‐identified as being from BAME backgrounds. Quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis, subsequently identifying inductive themes.ResultsThree hundred sixty‐two respondents completed the Phase 1 survey, and 17 participants participated in the Phase 2 focus groups. Although both survey and focus group participants identified facilitators to learning such as supportive relationships, students reported facing numerous barriers that they felt impeded their learning and performance. These barriers included limited access to educational resources, and undiversified curricula and medical school populations. Students also described both experiencing and witnessing various forms of racism throughout their educational journeys.DiscussionStudents encountered various difficulties throughout their medical training that they felt impacted their learning and performance. This study offers novel insights into the experiences of BAME students and builds upon previous research. It also reveals the pervasive nature of racism within medical schools, highlighting the urgent need for institutional changes. Educators and institutions must go beyond merely recognising these barriers and facilitators; they must proactively innovate and adapt. In doing so, they pave the way for inclusive learning environments that truly foster a sense of belonging for BAME students.
Kerion Celsi in infants and children—A narrative review 2010–2023
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Diaconeasa Adriana , Voicu Cristiana , Ivaniciuc Mihaela , Miulescu Raluca , Chiriac Anca E. , Nenoff Pietro , Wollina Uwe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractKerion Celsi is an inflammatory, deep fungal infection of the scalp. It is rare in neonates but gets more common in children about 3 years and older. It represents with swelling, boggy lesions, pain, alopecia and purulent secretions. Secondary bacterial infection is not unusual after maceration. Extracutaneous manifestations include regional lymphadenopathy, fever and very rare fungemia. Id‐reactions can occur. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, clinical examination and medical history. Diagnosis should be confirmed by microscopy, fungal culture and molecular procedures. The most common isolated fungal species are anthropophilic Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans and zoophilic Microsporum (M.) canis, while geophilic species and moulds rarely cause Kerion Celsi. Treatment is medical with systemic and topical antifungals supplemented by systemic antibiotics when necessary, while surgery needs to be avoided. Early and sufficient treatment prevents scarring alopecia. The most important differential diagnosis is bacterial skin and soft tissue infections.
Avacopan as an additional therapeutic intervention to promote renal recovery in severe ANCA‐associated vasculitis: A case report
Authors: Atrens Aleks D. , Hutton Holly , O'Sullivan Eoin , Moore John , Madhan Krishan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAvacopan, a C5a receptor antagonist (C5aR) presents a new therapeutic option to improve outcomes in ANCA‐associated vasculitis (AAV). Here we present a case report of a patient initially requiring kidney replacement therapy (KRT), where avacopan was added as an additional adjunctive therapeutic agent late in the treatment course.
Plant chromosome engineering – past, present and future
Authors: Puchta Holger , Houben Andreas 
Published: November 2023

SummarySpontaneous chromosomal rearrangements (CRs) play an essential role in speciation, genome evolution and crop domestication. To be able to use the potential of CRs for breeding, plant chromosome engineering was initiated by fragmenting chromosomes by X‐ray irradiation. With the rise of the CRISPR/Cas system, it became possible to induce double‐strand breaks (DSBs) in a highly efficient manner at will at any chromosomal position. This has enabled a completely new level of predesigned chromosome engineering. The genetic linkage between specific genes can be broken by inducing chromosomal translocations. Natural inversions, which suppress genetic exchange, can be reverted for breeding. In addition, various approaches for constructing minichromosomes by downsizing regular standard A or supernumerary B chromosomes, which could serve as future vectors in plant biotechnology, have been developed. Recently, a functional synthetic centromere could be constructed. Also, different ways of genome haploidization have been set up, some based on centromere manipulations. In the future, we expect to see even more complex rearrangements, which can be combined with previously developed engineering technologies such as recombinases. Chromosome engineering might help to redefine genetic linkage groups, change the number of chromosomes, stack beneficial genes on mini cargo chromosomes, or set up genetic isolation to avoid outcrossing.