bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyridine‐Ring Alkylation of Cytotoxic r‐1,c‐3,c‐5‐Tris[(2‐pyridylmethyl)amino]cyclohexane Chelators: Structural and Electronic Properties of the MnII, FeII, NiII, CuII and ZnII Complexes
Authors: Childers Matt L. , Su Fan , Przyborowska Ann M. , Bishwokarma Bimjhana , Park Gyungse , Brechbiel Martin W. , Torti Suzy V. , Torti Frank M. , Broker Grant , Alexander Jacob S. , Rogers Robin D. , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin , Planalp Roy P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractEffects of pyridyl‐ring alkylation on complexation of MnII, FeII, NiII, CuII and ZnII by chelators based on r‐1,c‐3,c‐5‐triaminocyclohexane (tach) have been studied. The chelators studied are N,N′,N′′‐tris[(x‐alkyl‐2‐pyridyl)methyl] derivatives of tach, where the ring substituents are 3‐Me, 4‐Me, 5‐Me, 6‐Me or 6‐MeO (“tach‐x‐Rpyr”). Dicationic complexes were synthesized for most combinations of the above five metals and five chelators, using ClO4−, NO3−, Cl−, or CF3SO3− as counterions. Their bonding, structure, and aqueous lability were analyzed by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy, magnetic moment determination, HPLC, and single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The striking features are seen in the 6‐alkylated complexes, where steric repulsions between the 6‐substituents at the threefold axis of the pseudo‐octahedral coordination sphere result in a substantially weakened metal–ligand interaction. In the [M(tach‐6‐Rpyr)]2+ series of divalent Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn, effects of these repulsions include bond angle and length distortions, decrease of the coordination number to five, shifts of d‐d electronic transitions to lower energies, and spin‐free complexes of the bound metal ion. Aqueous lability studies by HPLC agree with the spectroscopic findings. The bonding properties of the other tach‐x‐Mepyr chelators (x = 3, 4, 5) closely resemble the unalkylated parent tachpyr in solution. Similarly in the X‐ray studies, [Zn(tach‐3‐Mepyr)]2+ resembles [Zn(tachpyr)]2+. The cytotoxicities of the chelators toward human breast cancer cells (MCF7) at a fixed chelator concentration of 16 µM show time‐dependent induction of cell death in the order tach‐3‐Mepyr >≈ tach‐4‐Mepyr > tach‐5‐Mepyr > tachpyr, whereas tach‐6‐Mepyr and tach‐6‐MeOpyr had no effect on the cells. The depressed cytotoxicities of the latter two are attributed to inability to bind FeII or ZnII strongly. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Formation and Characterization of Pt Nanoparticle Networks
Authors: Wen Fei , Waldöfner Norbert , Schmidt Wolfgang , Angermund Klaus , Bönnemann Helmut , Modrow Stephanie , Zinoveva Svetlana , Modrow Hartwig , Hormes Josef , Beuermann Lars , Rudenkiy Sergiy , Maus‐Friedrichs Wolfgang , Kempter Volker , Vad Thomas , Haubold Heinz‐Günter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNanoparticle networks can be synthesized by the self‐assembly of arrays of metal colloid particles linked by spacer molecules of different sizes. The particles are linked through reactive aluminum sites in a metal–organic shell around the metal particles. Rigid spacer molecules with functional groups at each end are used to bind at these reactive sites. The resulting networks have been characterized by various methods such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), sorption analysis, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAFS), anomalous small angle X‐ray scattering (ASAXS), metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). These investigations showed that the metal nanoparticles form aggregated networks with average distances between the metal particles that are determined by the sizes of the spacer molecules applied. In this way, porous as well as nonporous networks have been obtained. Whether accessible pores are formed depends on the type of spacer molecule. Furthermore, the properties of the metal particles have proved to be sensitive towards the reaction of the aluminum in the protective shells with the linker molecules. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Continuous Homogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Müller Christian , Nijkamp Marije G. , Vogt Dieter 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis review article illustrates possible aspects for molecular‐weight enlargement and immobilisation of transition‐metal complexes that have been developed for bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The recycling of homogeneous catalysts can be performed using different types of supports, such as dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, nanostructured materials or stabilized nanoparticles in combination with suitable filtration methods and equipments. Continuous homogeneous catalysis is ideally performed in a continuously operated membrane reactor. A general overview of molecular‐weight enlargement along with selected examples and recent developments in continuous homogeneous catalysis is provided. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The prognostic significance of p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, HER‐2/neu, and Ki67 proteins expression in gastric cancer: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 121 Arab patients
Authors: Al‐Moundhri M. S. , Nirmala V. , Al‐Hadabi I. , Al‐Mawaly K. , Burney I. , Al‐Nabhani M. , Thomas V. , Ganguly S. S. , Grant C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe variability of prognosis within a pathological stage of gastric cancer (GC) at presentation, underscores the need for specific biological markers to identify subgroups of patients with aggressive course for intensive treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first study from an Arab population reporting on the relationship of p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, HER‐2/neu, and Ki67 expression, and clinicopathological features and their prognostic significance.MethodsFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumors were studied by immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal antibodies to p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, HER‐2/neu, and Ki67. The results were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival.ResultsM:F = 80:41; median age = 60 years; stage III and IV = 71%; and median follow‐up = 34.4 months. Positive expression rates of p53, p27kip1, p21waf1, Ki67, and HER‐2/neu were 54%, 40%, 8.3%, 70%, and 12% respectively. p53 expression correlated with age <60 years (P = 0.03), tumor size >5cm (P = 0.01), p27kip1 and Ki67 expression (P = 0.0001), and HER‐2/neu (P = 0.04). p21waf1correlated inversely with T‐stage (P = 0.008) and Her‐2/neu expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.04) and T‐stage (P = 0.008). Univariate analysis showed that p53 overexpression (P = 0.01), fungating and infiltrative macroscopic appearance (P = 0.02), size >5 cm (P = 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0001), p T3 and T4 disease (P = 0.01), and overall stage III and IV (P = 0.0001) disease were adverse prognostic factors. Patients with tumor profiles p53 (−)/p27 (+) had better survival than those with p53 (+)/p27kip1 (−)(P = 0.02). On multivariate analysis by Cox regression model, the expression of p53 (P = 0.03) and lymph node involvement (P = 0.01) were significant adverse prognostic factors for overall survival.ConclusionsThe expression of p53 in Arab patients with GC correlates with aggressive tumor characteristics and is an independent prognostic factor. The combined analysis of p53 and p27kip1 is of added prognostic value. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;91:243–252. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the sensitivity of miniaturized liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry for pharmaceutical analysis
Authors: Kranendijk Martijn , Waterval Joop C. M. , Somsen Govert W. , de Jong Gerhardus J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractLC‐ESI‐MS is applied frequently in pharmaceutical analysis. The sample amount is generally not restricted, however with LC‐ESI‐MS, a lack of sensitivity may still be observed with standard‐bore LC columns in isocratic mode. Therefore, it was investigated whether increased sensitivity could be achieved by using miniaturized LC‐ESI‐MS. Seven columns ranging from 0.1 to 4.6 mm ID were tested using several instrument setups. For proper comparison, a sensitivity gain factor (SGF) was introduced. The SGF expresses the extra sensitivity that may be obtained on top of the normal increase of peak concentration, which can be expected when the column ID is reduced. Desogestrel, mirtazapine, and sugammadex sodium were used as test compounds. For desogestrel and sugammadex sodium, the SGF increased up to a factor of 5–13 when the column ID was reduced, indicating enhanced ionization efficiencies at lower flow rates. Optimum sensitivity was found for the 0.3 mm column coupled in combination with a microinjection valve and a dedicated low flow rate interface. For mirtazapine, no increase of SGF was observed when the column ID was decreased. Apparently, the ionization efficiency of this compound is not affected by the flow rate and the spray quality.
Stability of transonic shocks for the full Euler system in supersonic flow past a wedge
Authors: Fang Beixiang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWe study the stability of transonic shocks in steady supersonic flow past a wedge. It is known that in generic case such a problem admits two possible locations of the shock front, connecting the flow ahead of it and behind it. They can be distinguished as supersonic–supersonic shock and supersonic–subsonic shock (or transonic shock). Both these possible shocks satisfy the Rankine–Hugoniot conditions and the entropy condition. We prove that the transonic shock is conditionally stable under perturbation of the upstream flow or perturbation of wedge boundary. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative effects in hydrogen‐bonding of protein secondary structure elements: A systematic analysis of crystal data using Secbase
Authors: Koch O. , Bocola M. , Klebe G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA systematic analysis of the hydrogen‐bonding geometry in helices and β sheets has been performed. The distances and angles between the backbone carbonyl O and amide N atoms were correlated considering more than 1500 protein chains in crystal structures determined to a resolution better than 1.5 Å. They reveal statistically significant trends in the H‐bond geometry across the different secondary structural elements. The analysis has been performed using Secbase, a modular extension of Relibase (Receptor Ligand Database) which integrates information about secondary structural elements assigned to individual protein structures with the various search facilities implemented into Relibase. A comparison of the mean hydrogen‐bond distances in α helices and 310 helices of increasing length shows opposing trends. Whereas in α helices the mean H‐bond distance shrinks with increasing helix length and turn number, the corresponding mean dimension in 310 helices expands in a comparable series. Comparing similarly the hydrogen‐bond lengths in β sheets there is no difference to be found between the mean H‐bond length in antiparallel and parallel β sheets along the strand direction. In contrast, an interesting systematic trend appears to be given for the hydrogen bonds perpendicular to the strands bridging across an extended sheet. With increasing number of accumulated strands, which results in a growing number of back‐to‐back piling hydrogen bonds across the strands, a slight decrease of the mean H‐bond distance is apparent in parallel β sheets whereas such trends are obviously not given in antiparallel β sheets. This observation suggests that cooperative effects mutually polarizing spatially well‐aligned hydrogen bonds are present either in α helices and parallel β sheets whereas such influences seem to be lacking in 310 helices and antiparallel β sheets. Proteins 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incorporating time‐dependent covariates in survival analysis using the LVAR method
Authors: Liu Yali , Craig Bruce A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn survival analysis, use of the Cox proportional hazards model requires knowledge of all covariates under consideration at every failure time. Since failure times rarely coincide with observation times, time‐dependent covariates (covariates that vary over time) need to be inferred from the observed values. In this paper, we introduce the last value auto‐regressed (LVAR) estimation method and compare it to several other established estimation approaches via a simulation study. The comparison shows that under several time‐dependent covariate processes this method results in a smaller mean square error when considering the time‐dependent covariate effect. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of ischaemic preconditioning on regional release of inflammatory markers
Authors: Lee Tsung-Ming , Lin Mei-Shu , Tsai Chang-Her , Chang Nen-Chung 
Published: August 2005

Systemic markers of inflammation may be increased in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. In the present study, we evaluated whether IP (ischaemic preconditioning) attenuated inflammation by activating KATP (ATP-sensitive potassium) channels in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Patients (n=36) undergoing angioplasty of a major left coronary artery were allocated randomly to one of four groups: a control group, a group receiving nicorandil (an agonist of KATP channels), an IP group or an IP group pretreated with glibenclamide (an antagonist of KATP channels). To measure the release of sCD40L, P-selectin and myeloperoxidase from the ischaemic region, blood samples were drawn simultaneously from the ascending aorta and the great cardiac vein before and 15 min after coronary angioplasty. At 15 min after angioplasty, a significant increase in sCD40L and P-selectin levels in the great cardiac vein in the control group was observed. IP- and nicorandil-treated patients did not show a significant change in sCD40L and P-selectin levels in response to angioplasty. However, the IP-induced attenuation of sCD40L and P-selectin release was abolished by administering glibenclamide. The change in myeloperoxidase levels mirrored those of sCD40L and P-selectin. The levels of inflammatory markers in the aorta remained stable throughout the study. Patients undergoing angioplasty had increased sCD40L and P-selectin levels in the ischaemic region. In conclusion, IP abolished angioplasty-induced myeloperoxidase release by preventing activated platelet-induced P-selectin release via a KATP-channel-initiated pathway. Therefore, in addition to its primary effect on cardioprotection, IP may also provide beneficial anti-inflammatory effects on the interaction between platelets and neutrophils.
Effect of a very late antigen‐4 receptor antagonist on allergen‐induced airway responses and inflammation in asthma
Authors: Diamant Z. , Kuperus J. , Baan R. , Nietzmann K. , Millet S. , Mendes P. , Miller B. , Amin D. , Rohatagi S. , Sterk P. J. , Hoogsteden H. C. , Prins J.‐B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryBackground
Very late antigen‐4 (VLA4) plays a key role in the recruitment of eosinophils in allergic responses in animal studies.Objective
We investigated whether pretreatment with multiple doses of a VLA4 receptor antagonist, HMR 1031, protects against allergen‐induced airway responses and airway inflammation in humans.Methods
Fourteen asthmatics (7F/7M), 18–49 years, PC20 forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) methacholine (M) (<8 mg/mL; FEV1 82.3–116.1% predicted) with dual responses to inhaled allergen participated in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study. Each treatment period consisted of 9 days, separated by 2 weeks. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), PC20FEV1(M) and hypertonic saline‐induced sputum was obtained on Days 1, 7 and 9. Subjects inhaled HMR 1031 (20 mg b.i.d.) or placebo (P) on Days 1–8. On Day 8, an allergen bronchoprovocation test was performed, the airway response was measured by FEV1, and expressed as %fall from baseline. Data from 12 evaluable subjects are presented here.Results
Both treatments were well tolerated. There was no significant difference between HMR 1031 and P in the early asthamatic response: mean AUC (0–3 h)±SEM (%fall h): 26.01±4.26 and 17.41±4.26, respectively (P=0.18), nor in the late response: mean AUC (3–9 h)±SEM (%fall h): 97.09±8.63 and 97.61±8.63, respectively, P=0.97. This corresponded to the absence of significant allergen‐induced changes in PC20FEV1(M), eNO, sputum eosinophils and soluble inflammation markers between both treatment periods.Conclusions
Treatment with multiple inhaled doses of the VLA4 antagonist, HMR 1031, did not result in detectable protection against allergen‐induced airway responses or airway inflammation in asthma.
Transposable element insertion location bias and the dynamics of gene drive in mosquito populations
Authors: Rasgon J. L. , Gould F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractSome vector‐borne disease control strategies using transgenic mosquitoes require transgene spread to high frequency in populations. Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that replicate and transpose within the genomes of other organisms and may therefore be represented in the next generation in higher frequencies than predicted by Mendelian segregation. This over‐representation has allowed some TEs to spread through natural populations. Transgenes incorporated within a TE sequence are expected to be driven into populations as long as there is a positive balance between fitness costs and over‐representation. Models have been used to examine parameters that affect this balance but did not take into account biased insertion of TEs to linked sites in the genome. A simulation model was created to examine the impact of insertion bias on TE spread in mosquito populations. TEs that induce no fitness costs are predicted to increase in frequency over a wide range of parameter values but spread is slower for lower levels of transposition and non‐local movement. If TEs are costly, high proportions of local movement can slow or halt spread. To function as a robust transgene drive mechanism a TE should replicate and transpose > 10%/insert/generation, induce < 1% fitness cost/insert, and move preferentially to unlinked sites in the genome.
Improving hepatic and portal venous flows using tissue expander and Foley catheter in liver transplantation
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chi , Concejero Allan M , Yong Chee‐Chien , Chen Yaw‐Sen , Wang Shih‐Ho , Lin Chih‐Che , Liu Yueh‐Wei , Yang Chin‐Hsiang , Lin Tsan‐Shiun , Hung Kuo‐Chen , Jawan Bruno , Cheng Yu‐Fan , Ibrahim Salleh , Chen Chao‐Long 
Published: August 2005

Abstract: Background and objective: Vascular reconstruction is important in liver transplantation because its obstruction causes graft failure and eventual loss. Vascular outflow obstruction may be due to graft malposition. We describe our experience with liver allograft repositioning using tissue expander and Foley catheter to improve hepatic and portal venous outflows.Patients and methods: A total of seven patients who received liver transplantation at our institution developed hepatic and/or portal venous obstruction during final graft positioning detected by Doppler ultrasonography (hepatic vein flow <10 cm/s; portal vein flow <12 cm/s). Chart and operative records of these patients were reviewed. Technique of operation, donor–recipient characteristics, use of tissue expander or Foley catheter to improve venous outflow, complications, and outcome were analyzed.Results: Hepatic and/or portal venous obstruction were detected after portal reperfusion. We used commercially available tissue expander used in plastic surgery and Foley catheter to reposition the graft. Tissue expanders were used in three recipients (age: 27–46 yr). Foley catheters were used in four recipients (age: 7 months–53 yr). One recipient used both tissue expander and Foley catheter. Expanders were filled with 300–770 mL saline and placed into the right subphrenic space. Foley catheters were filled with 15–75 mL saline. Significant improvements in hepatic and/or portal venous outflow were detected by Doppler ultrasonography post‐graft repositioning. Aspiration of expander and Foley catheter contents was started from 6th to 27th postoperative day under sonographic guidance. All expanders and catheters were removed by the 19th–56th postoperative day (mean: 38 d). Complications included chylous ascites (1/7), bile leak (1/7), tube drain infection (2/7), septicemia (2/7). All complications were successfully managed by non‐operative interventions. There was no outflow obstruction detected by ultrasonography before and after removal of expanders and catheters. One‐ and two‐year graft and patient survivals were both 100%.Conclusion: The use of tissue expanders and Foley catheters to improve hepatic and portal venous outflow in malposed liver allografts is a simple and safe method after liver transplantation.
EMERGING FUNCTIONS OF 10 TYPES OF TRP CATIONIC CHANNEL IN VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE
Authors: Beech David J 
Published: August 2005

SUMMARY1. The influx of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ and the efflux of K+ have central importance for the function and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells, but progress in understanding the influx/efflux pathways has been restricted by a lack of identification of the genes underlying many of the non‐voltage‐gated cationic channels.2. The present review highlights evidence suggesting the genes are mammalian homologues of the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) gene of the fruit‐fly Drosophila. The weight of evidence supports roles for TRPC1, TRPP2/1 and TRPC6, but recent studies point also to TRPC3, TRPC4/5, TRPV2, TRPM4 and TRPM7.3. Activity of these TRP channels is suggested to modulate contraction and sense changes in intracellular Ca2+ storage, G‐protein‐coupled receptor activation and osmotic stress. Roles in relation to myogenic tone, actions of vasoconstrictors substances, Mg2+ homeostasis and the vascular injury response are suggested.4. Knowledge that TRP channels are relevant to vascular smooth muscle cells in both their contractile and proliferative phenotypes should pave the way for a better understanding of vascular biology and provide the basis for the discovery of a new set of therapeutic agents targeted to vascular disease.
The epidemiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Greek adults: the ATTICA study
Authors: Panagiotakos D. B. , Pitsavos C. , Chrysohoou C. , Stefanadis C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAims  Individuals with Type 2 diabetes are at high risk for coronary heart disease, and may benefit from aggressive lifestyle modification. We evaluated the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, in a Greek adult population, in relation to physical activity and dietary habits.Methods  From May 2001 to December 2002, we randomly enrolled 1514 men and 1528 women, with no evidence of cardiovascular or any other chronic disease. The sampling was stratified by the age and gender distribution of the general population in the greater area of Athens (census 2001). Diabetes was defined according to the established American Diabetes Association criteria. Dietary habits were assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire and a diet score was developed, in which higher values suggest greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Weekly energy expenditure was assessed by considering frequency, duration and intensity of sports‐related physical activity during a usual week.Results  After age adjustment for the Greek adult population (2001 census), the projected prevalence of Type 2 diabetes was 7.6% in men and 5.9% in women. A significant proportion of diabetic subjects (24% of men and 30% of women) were unaware of their condition. Moreover, a 10‐unit increase in the diet score was associated with 21% lower odds of diabetes (P < 0.05), while individuals taking light physical activity were at 35% lower odds ratio of diabetes compared with sedentary individuals (P < 0.05).Conclusions  Diabetes mellitus is common in our population, with approximately 1 in 5 individuals with Type 2 diabetes being unaware of their condition. The lifestyle approach described here may contribute significantly to the reduction in the prevalence of diabetes, at a population level.