bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predation of sea turtle eggs by rats and crabs
Authors: Stokes Holly J. , Esteban Nicole , Hays Graeme C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEgg predation by invasive and native species may have severe impacts on endangered species and negatively affect species recovery. We assessed the levels of egg predation within green turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches on the island of Diego Garcia (7.42°S, 72.45°E), Chagos Archipelago (Indian Ocean). Native coconut crabs (Birgus latro) and ghost crabs (Ocypode spp.), as well as introduced black rats (Rattus rattus), were predators of eggs, with these species entering nests via tunnels dug obliquely in the sand. Often whole eggs were removed from clutches. For example, the mean clutch size at oviposition (mean 127.8 eggs, n = 23, range = 74–176) was significantly larger than at the end of incubation (mean 110.9 hatched and unhatched eggs, n = 16, range = 9–147). In other cases, egg predation was recorded where the egg had been opened and contents were eaten in the nest. Overall, hatching success (the percentage of eggs laid leading to a hatchling emerging from the egg) was 64.9%, while 3.1% of eggs were predated within nests, 18.1% died during incubation without predation and 13.9% were removed. We reviewed evidence from 34 sites around the world identifying 36 predators that were either native (e.g., crabs, and goannas, n = 30) or invasive (e.g., rats, and pigs, n = 8). Depending on location, a predator could be identified as both native and invasive (e.g., dogs). We discuss how either nest protection and/or invasive predator eradication may be used to increase egg survival and when these approaches might be used.
Deep learning reconstruction for improving the visualization of acute brain infarct on computed tomography
Authors: Okimoto Naomasa , Yasaka Koichiro , Fujita Nana , Watanabe Yusuke , Kanzawa Jun , Abe Osamu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the impact of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) on acute infarct depiction compared with hybrid iterative reconstruction (Hybrid IR).

Methods
This retrospective study included 29 (75.8 ± 13.2 years, 20 males) and 26 (64.4 ± 12.4 years, 18 males) patients with and without acute infarction, respectively. Unenhanced head CT images were reconstructed with DLR and Hybrid IR. In qualitative analyses, three readers evaluated the conspicuity of lesions based on five regions and image quality. A radiologist placed regions of interest on the lateral ventricle, putamen, and white matter in quantitative analyses, and the standard deviation of CT attenuation (i.e., quantitative image noise) was recorded.

Results
Conspicuity of acute infarct in DLR was superior to that in Hybrid IR, and a statistically significant difference was observed for two readers (p ≤ 0.038). Conspicuity of acute infarct with time from onset to CT imaging at < 24 h in DLR was significantly improved compared with Hybrid IR for all readers (p ≤ 0.020). Image noise in DLR was significantly reduced compared with Hybrid IR with both the qualitative and quantitative analyses (p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion
DLR in head CT helped improve acute infarct depiction, especially those with time from onset to CT imaging at < 24 h.
Effect modification of tumor necrosis factor-α on the kynurenine and serotonin pathways in major depressive disorder on type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Okamoto Naomichi , Hoshikawa Takashi , Honma Yuichi , Chibaatar Enkhmurun , Ikenouchi Atsuko , Harada Masaru , Yoshimura Reiji 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The kynurenine and serotonin pathways, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, are being considered potential links between them. MDD associated with T2DM is less responsive to treatment than that without T2DM; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the kynurenine and serotonin pathways in patients with comorbid MDD and T2DM and those with only MDD. We recruited 13 patients with comorbid MDD and T2DM and 27 patients with only MDD. We measured interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels as inflammatory cytokines and metabolites of the kynurenine pathway and examined the relationship between the two. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients with comorbid MDD and T2DM than in those with only MDD in univariate (p = 0.044) and multivariate (adjusted p = 0.036) analyses. TNF-α showed a statistically significant effect modification (interaction) with quinolinic acid/tryptophan and serotonin in patients from both groups (β = 1.029, adjusted p < 0.001; β =  − 1.444, adjusted p = 0.047, respectively). Limitations attributed to the study design and number of samples may be present. All patients were Japanese with mild to moderate MDD; therefore, the generalizability of our findings may be limited. MDD with T2DM has more inflammatory depression components and activations of the kynurenine pathway by inflammatory cytokines than MDD without T2DM. Hence, administering antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs in combination may be more effective in patients with comorbid MDD and T2DM.
Modeling and enforcing access control policies in conversational user interfaces
Authors: Planas Elena , Martínez Salvador , Brambilla Marco , Cabot Jordi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConversational user interfaces (CUIs), such as chatbots, are becoming a common component of many software systems. Although they are evolving in many directions (such as advanced language processing features, thanks to new AI-based developments), less attention has been paid to access control and other security concerns associated with CUIs, which may pose a clear risk to the systems they interface with. In this paper, we apply model-driven techniques to model and enforce access-control policies in CUIs. In particular, we present a fully fledged framework to integrate the role-based access-control (RBAC) protocol into CUIs by: (1) modeling a set of access-control rules to specify permissions over the bot resources using a domain-specific language that tailors core RBAC concepts to the CUI domain; and (2) describing a mechanism to show the feasibility of automatically generating the infrastructure to evaluate and enforce the modeled access control policies at runtime.
Effect of Membrane Permeance and System Parameters on the Removal of Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Hemodialysis
Authors: Chow Chun Man , Persad Aaron H. , Karnik Rohit 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInadequate clearance of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) during dialysis is associated with morbidities in chronic kidney disease patients. The development of high-permeance membranes made from materials such as graphene raises the question whether they could enable the design of dialyzers with improved PBUT clearance. Here, we develop device-level and multi-compartment (body) system-level models that account for PBUT-albumin binding (specifically indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate) and diffusive and convective transport of toxins to investigate how the overall membrane permeance (or area) and system parameters including flow rates and ultrafiltration affect PBUT clearance in hemodialysis. Our simulation results indicate that, in contrast to urea clearance, PBUT clearance in current dialyzers is mass-transfer limited: Assuming that the membrane resistance is dominant, raising PBUT permeance from 3 × 10−6 to 10−5 m s−1 (or equivalently, 3.3 × increase in membrane area from ~ 2 to ~ 6 m2) increases PBUT removal by 48% (from 22 to 33%, i.e., ~ 0.15 to ~ 0.22 g per session), whereas increasing dialysate flow rates or adding adsorptive species have no substantial impact on PBUT removal unless permeance is above ~ 10−5 m s−1. Our results guide the future development of membranes, dialyzers, and operational parameters that could enhance PBUT clearance and improve patient outcomes.
The Recreational Value of the Baltic Sea Coast: A Spatially Explicit Site Choice Model Accounting for Environmental Conditions
Authors: Czajkowski Mikołaj , Budziński Wiktor , Zandersen Marianne , Zawadzki Wojciech , Aslam Uzma , Angelidis Ioannis , Zagórska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe coast plays a significant recreational role in the nine countries around the Baltic Sea. More than 70% of the population of these countries visit the coast, representing some 80 million recreational visits annually. Understanding the values associated with coastal recreation, and the potential welfare changes resulting from improvements in the state of environmental and infrastructure conditions of the Baltic Sea coast is important for marine environment management in the region. We estimate a spatially explicit travel cost model for Baltic coast recreation to assess the welfare of accessing individual sites, identify recreational hot spots and simulate the welfare changes resulting from improvements in environmental and infrastructure conditions. The total benefits associated with Baltic Sea coast-based recreation amount to 27.5 billion EUR per year with significant variation across sites. Improving water quality and infrastructure boost the recreational value by nearly 6.2 billion EUR, an increase of about a fifth of the existing recreational benefits.
Efficiency of emergency conservation methods: a case study of the alcon blue butterfly (Phengaris alcon) and its specific parasitoid
Authors: Sielezniew Izabela , Sielezniew Marcin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA complicated life history and specific habitat requirements make the Alcon blue butterfly Phengaris alcon a very sensitive species to land-use change. Eggs are oviposited on some Gentiana and Gentianella plants, in whose flowerheads larvae initially feed, after which they continue their development as social parasites in the nests of specific Myrmica ants, once they have been adopted by workers. One of the main threats to their existence is mowing at a time when most individuals are still on gentians. In our research, we tested an emergency conservation method on a site of the butterfly subjected to this kind of pressure in the Białowieża Forest (NE Poland). Previous studies showed that the focal population (dependent on Gentiana pneumonanthe and Myrmica scabrinodis) was characterized by an extremely high density of adults as well as of Ichneumon eumerus, i.e. the rare and specific parasitoid of P. alcon. In mid-August 2020 we performed an unplanned experiment to save caterpillars present in freshly cut plants. We selected about 1800 shoots bearing the eggs or egg shells of the butterfly. Seven hundred and fifty preadoption larvae were transported to the site and placed close to the nests of host ants located in patches without G. pneumonanthe. In the following season we observed that the P. alcon infestation rate of experimental colonies was similar to a control patch, and proportions of parasited pupae did not differ, either.Implications for conservation. Our experiment proved that such actions can be highly effective as emergency conservation methods, and possibly also in (re)introductions of P. alcon.
The Too-Much-Mimicry Effect: Strong (vs. Subtle) Mimicry Impairs Liking and Trust in Distributive Negotiations
Authors: Wessler Janet , Loschelder David D. , Fendel Johannes C. , Friese Malte 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examined whether mimicking an interaction partner is universally advantageous or, provided the mimicry is particularly strong, whether it has detrimental impacts on interpersonal and negotiation outcomes. Participants interacted with a confederate who engaged in no, subtle, or strong mimicry and then negotiated. In laboratory Experiment 1 (N = 71) and Experiment 2 (N = 149), subtly (vs. not) mimicked participants liked the confederate more, while strongly (vs. subtly) mimicked participants liked and trusted less. In Experiment 2, strongly (vs. subtly) mimicked participants were less susceptible to the first-offer anchor. The online Experiment 3 (N = 180) corroborated the too-much-mimicry effect: When participants became aware of mimicry, it exerted detrimental effects on liking and trust irrespective of the experimental condition. Experiment 1 and Experiment 3 found no too-much-mimicry effect on anchoring susceptibility. These findings show that (a) sufficiently subtle mimicry positively influences interpersonal outcomes and (b) too much mimicry backfires.
The Dimension of Divisibility Orders and Multiset Posets
Authors: Haiman Milan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Dushnik–Miller dimension of a poset P is the least d for which P can be embedded into a product of d chains. Lewis and Souza isibility order on the interval of integers $$[N/\kappa , N]$$

[
N
/
κ
,
N
]

is bounded above by $$\kappa (\log \kappa )^{1+o(1)}$$

κ

(
log
κ
)

1
+
o
(
1
)

and below by $$\Omega ((\log \kappa /\log \log \kappa )^2)$$

Ω
(

(
log
κ
/
log
log
κ
)

2

)

. We improve the upper bound to $$O((\log \kappa )^3/(\log \log \kappa )^2).$$

O
(

(
log
κ
)

3

/

(
log
log
κ
)

2

)
.

We deduce this bound from a more general result on posets of multisets ordered by inclusion. We also consider other divisibility orders and give a bound for polynomials ordered by divisibility.
Analysis of hemorrhage upon ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy in China: a retrospective study
Authors: Li Fang-fang , Guan Yu-xia , Li Tong-xin , Jiang Di , He Zi-xia , Xia Peng , Zhao Xue-song 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) has been considered as a golden standard for CKD diagnosis and is employed to identify potential therapeutic targets since 1950s. Post-biopsy hemorrhage is the most common complication, while severe bleeding complication might cause nephrectomy or death. Therefore, how to reduce the occurrence of complications while ensuring the success of PRB is always a clinical research topic.

Methods
This study retrospectively collected and established a renal biopsy database of each patient who underwent ultrasound-guided PRB at a tertiary teaching hospital from September 2017 to December 2020 through the Health Information System. All the data were statistically processed by SPSS software.

Results
A total of 1146 patients underwent PRB for various reasons. The overall rate of post-biopsy hemorrhage was 37.70% (432/1146). Of those bleedings, minor bleeding after PRB was found in 337 (29.41%), middle bleeding 84 (7.33%), major bleeding 11 (0.96%). Besides that, there were 96 patients (8.38%) reported their discomfort symptoms. There was no death. Females were at significantly increased risk of hemorrhagic complication than males (OR = 2.017, CI = 1.531–2.658). While the risk for hemorrhagic complication significantly decreased as BMI and platelet before renal biopsy increased (OR = 0.956, CI = 0.924–0.989; OR = 0.998, CI = 0.996–1.000). As the APTT time prolonged, the risk for hemorrhagic complication significantly increased (OR = 1.072, CI = 1.023–1.123). Those patients whose albumin were higher, also had higher risk for hemorrhagic complication than other patients (OR = 1.020, CI = 1.000–1.041). Specifically, postoperative urination within 4 h increased the risk for hemorrhagic complication (OR = 1.741, CI = 1.176–2.576).

Conclusion
Our analysis finds that the incidence of post-biopsy bleeding complication is 37.70%, and its risk is associated with female, lower BMI, lower platelet before renal biopsy, prolonged APTT, higher albumin, and postoperative urination within 4 h. The findings highlighted the importance of perioperative management for renal biopsy, including adequate risk assessment, tailored careful observation after PRB. And medical staff should pay more attention to fluid management after ultrasound-guided PRB.
Diurnal changes in pathogenic and indicator virus concentrations in wastewater
Authors: Farkas Kata , Pântea Igor , Woodhall Nick , Williams Denis , Lambert-Slosarska Kathryn , Williams Rachel C. , Grimsley Jasmine M. S. , Singer Andrew C. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been commonly used for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. As sampling times and methods (i.e. grab vs composite) may vary, diurnal changes of viral concentrations in sewage should be better understood. In this study, we collected untreated wastewater samples hourly for 4 days at two wastewater treatment plants in Wales to establish diurnal patterns in virus concentrations and the physico-chemical properties of the water. Simultaneously, we also trialled three absorbent materials as passive samples as a simple and cost-efficient alternative for the collection of composite samples. Ninety-six percent of all liquid samples (n = 74) and 88% of the passive samplers (n = 59) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, whereas 87% and 97% of the liquid and passive samples were positive for the faecal indicator virus crAssphage, respectively. We found no significant daily variations in the concentration of the target viruses, ammonium and orthophosphate, and the pH and electrical conductivity levels were also stable. Weak positive correlations were found between some physico-chemical properties and viral concentrations. More variation was observed in samples taken from the influent stream as opposed to those taken from the influent tank. Of the absorbent materials trialled as passive samples, we found that tampons provided higher viral recoveries than electronegative filter paper and cotton gauze swabs. For all materials tested, viral recovery was dependent on the virus type. Our results indicate that grab samples may provide representative alternatives to 24-h composite samples if taken from the influent tank, hence reducing the costs of sampling for WBE programmes. Tampons are also viable alternatives for cost-efficient sampling; however, viral recovery should be optimised prior to use.
Functional Ag-EDTA-modified MnO2 nanocoral reef for rapid removal of hazardous copper from wastewater
Authors: Ali Omnia I. , Azzam Ahmed B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA novel MnO2@EDTA-Ag nanocoral reef was constructed via a simplified redox reaction followed by EDTA and Ag nanoparticles impregnation to capture hazardous copper (II) from wastewater. A comprehensive characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted. The morphology of MnO2@EDTA-Ag in the form of a nanocoral reef was constructed of two-dimensional nanoplatelets and nanorod-like nanostructures. The optimal adsorption conditions proposed by the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) that would provide a removal % of 99.95 were pH 5.5, a contact time of 32.0 min, a Cu(II) concentration of 11.2 mg L−1, an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, and a temperature of 40.3 °C. The loading of Ag nanoparticles onto MnO2@EDTA improved the adsorption capability of MnO2@EDTA-Ag. Additionally, the recyclability of MnO2@EDTA-Ag nanocoral reef was maintained at 80% after three adsorption–desorption cycles, and there was no significant change in the XRD analysis before and after the recycling process, implying its stability. It was found that nanocoral reef-assisted EDTA formed a chelation/complexation reaction between COO− groups and C–N bonds of EDTA with Cu(II) ions. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis proved the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction and chelation/complexation was responsible for the removal mechanism of Cu(II). Also, the results demonstrated no significant variation in MnO2@EDTA-Ag removal efficiency for all the tested real water samples, revealing its efficacy in wastewater treatment. Therefore, the current study suggests that MnO2@EDTA-Ag has substantial potential to be used as a feasible adsorbent for probable hazardous metals remediation.
Automated software for counting and measuring Hyalella genus using artificial intelligence
Authors: Pineda-Alarcón Ludy , Zuluaga Maycol , Ruíz Santiago , Mc Cann David Fernandez , Vélez Fabio , Aguirre Nestor , Puerta Yarin , Cañón Julio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAmphipods belonging to the Hyalella genus are macroinvertebrates that inhabit aquatic environments. They are of particular interest in areas such as limnology and ecotoxicology, where data on the number of Hyalella individuals and their allometric measurements are used to assess the environmental dynamics of aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we introduce HyACS, a software tool that uses a model developed with the YOLOv3’s architecture to detect individuals, and digital image processing techniques to extract morphological metrics of the Hyalella genus. The software detects body metrics of length, arc length, maximum width, eccentricity, perimeter, and area of Hyalella individuals, using basic imaging capture equipment. The performance metrics indicate that the model developed can achieve high prediction levels, with an accuracy above 90% for the correct identification of individuals. It can perform up to four times faster than traditional visual counting methods and provide precise morphological measurements of Hyalella individuals, which may improve further studies of the species populations and enhance their use as bioindicators of water quality.
Die gesellschaftliche Einbettung der Klimastreiks. Zur Vermessung der deutschen Klimaschutzbewegungsindustrien
Authors: Laux Thomas 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungSeit nunmehr fast fünf Jahren mobilisiert Fridays for Future für den Schutz des Klimas und hat damit in Deutschland großen Erfolg. Während für die Erklärung der Erfolgs der Bewegung zahlreiche Studien zu den Gelegenheitsstrukturen, zu ihrem Framing sowie zu den Protestteilnehmer:innen vorliegen, ist über die Bewegungsindustrien der Klimastreiks kaum etwas bekannt. Mit der Bereitstellung von Ressourcen sind Organisationen für die Institutionalisierung sozialer Bewegungen von zentraler Bedeutung. Ebendiese organisationale Basis steht im Fokus der Studie, die explorativ die Größe, die Dynamik, die Stabilität, die Diversität sowie die räumliche Ausbreitung der Klimabewegungsindustrien von acht Klimastreiks in Deutschland untersucht. Über die Erfassung von Informationen zu den Mitgliedschaften der insgesamt 421 Organisationen in den Bewegungsindustrien der Klimastreiks zwischen September 2019 und September 2022 hinaus werden die Organisationen unterschiedlichen Tätigkeitsbereichen und, gemäß ihrem Sitz, Bundesländern zugeordnet. Hieraus ergeben sich Einsichten in die Einbettung der Klimastreiks auf der gesellschaftlichen Mesoebene. Die Ergebnisse der Analyse zeigen, dass im Zuge der Coronapandemie und des russischen Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine die Größe sowie die Dynamik der Bewegungsindustrien zwar zurückging, sich aber 2022 wieder erholt und stabilisiert hat. Klassische Bewegungsorganisationen aus dem Bereich des Umwelt- und Naturschutzes bilden zusammen mit neu entstandenen „… for Future“-Organisationen den Kern der Bewegungsindustrien. Im Analysezeitraum nehmen die Breite der gesellschaftlichen Einbettung auf der Mesoebene ab und die Bedeutung dieser Bewegungsorganisationen weiter zu. Bezüglich der räumlichen Ausbreitung der Bewegungsindustrien ist eine zunehmende Konzentration in Berlin festzustellen, wobei sich seit Beginn des Jahres 2022 auch wieder eine verstärkte räumliche Diversifizierung beobachten lässt.