bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented mobilization and collection of CD34+ hematopoietic cells from normal human volunteers stimulated with granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor by single‐dose administration of AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist
Authors: Liles W. Conrad , Rodger Elin , Broxmeyer Hal E. , Dehner Christine , Badel Karin , Calandra Gary , Christensen Jeff , Wood Brent , Price Thomas H. , Dale David C. 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: AMD3100, a selective antagonist of CXCR4, rapidly mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from marrow to peripheral blood with minimal side effects.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To further investigate potential clinical utility of AMD3100 for CD34+ cell mobilization and collection, a Phase I study in normal volunteers was performed examining single‐dose administration of AMD3100 alone and in combination with a standard 5‐day granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF) regimen.RESULTS: AMD3100 (160 µg/kg × 1 on Day 5) significantly increased both G–CSF‐stimulated (10 µg/kg/day) mobilization of CD34+ cells (3.8‐fold) and leukapheresis yield of CD34+ cells. Moreover, collection of CD34+ cells was comparable between individuals mobilized by a single‐dose regimen of AMD3100 (240 µg/kg) and individuals mobilized with a 5‐day regimen of G–CSF. AMD3100‐mobilized leukapheresis products contained significantly greater numbers of T and B cells compared to G–CSF‐stimulated leukapheresis products.CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that AMD3100 can be used alone or as an adjunct to G–CSF to mobilize cells for HPC transplantation.
Minimum conditions of major histocompatibility complex compatibility and recipient immune compromise required to establish donor white blood cell persistence in a murine transfusion model
Authors: Lee Tzong‐Hae , Wen Li , Montalvo Lani , Esho Olubukola , Lowell Cliff , Reed William , Busch Michael 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: In some patients multiply transfused to treat severe trauma, white blood cells (WBCs) from a single blood donor can persist for years, constituting up to 5 percent of all circulating WBCs. The immunologic mechanisms responsible for this are not known but, if understood, might allow manipulation of the human immune system to induce microchimerism for a variety of therapeutic purposes. To better characterize these mechanisms, a murine transfusion model was developed with a panel of immunologic knockouts as transfusion recipients. By conducting a systematic series of transfusion experiments, the purpose was to determine which recipient immune cell population, when abrogated, could lead to prolonged survival of donor cells (microchimerism).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood was transfused from normal donors to knockout recipients in syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic settings. Donor WBC survival was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and recipient lymphocyte subsets by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.RESULTS: In the syngeneic setting, donor WBCs persisted in C2ta, RAG‐1, and TCR knockout recipients. Allogeneic donor WBCs persisted in RAG‐2 and RAG‐2/Common gamma knockout recipients. Xenogeneic donor WBCs required RAG‐2/Common gamma and RAG‐2/Pfp double knockouts to persist.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that donor‐recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) concordance alone is not sufficient to achieve microchimerism. Further, the degree of recipient immune compromise necessary to achieve persistent microchimerism is directly proportional to the degree of donor‐recipient MHC disparity.
Nucleic acid test screening of blood donors for orthopoxviruses can potentially prevent dispersion of viral agents in case of bioterrorism
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Roth W. Kurt , Meyer Hermann , Seifried Erhard , Hourfar Michael K. 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND:Microbiologic agents such as variola virus (VAR) are very attractive for terrorism. As a result of international collaboration under the WHO eradication campaign, smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980. Therefore, the immunization programs were discontinued worldwide. Because most people are now immunologically naive, VAR is considered to be a potential threat agent or bioterrorist weapon. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by melting analysis was developed for fast and safe analysis and allows differentiation of VAR from other orthopoxviruses (OPVs) like vaccinia or camelpox virus.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:A RealArtTMOrthopox LC PCR kit (Artus GmbH) was used to amplify OPV sequences from blood donor samples. A total of 31,500 blood donor samples were tested in minipools of up to 96 samples. To evaluate the sensitivity of the assay, routine donor minipools (90 ± 6 samples per pool) were spiked with vaccinia virus used as positive control.RESULTS:Specificity was 100 percent because none of 31,500 blood donors was positive for the presence OPV. The detection limit of the assay was 10.6 copies per PCR procedure. Therefore, a sensitivity of 1590 copies per mL was calculated. Overall, 0.28 percent of test results had to be considered invalid owing to negative internal controls.CONCLUSION:The RealArt Orthopox LC PCR kit enables reliable detection of OPV DNA in viremic blood donor samples, even at the beginning of the disease when patients present minor clinical symptoms, and could be implemented in our routine screening procedure immediately. Thus, the assay could potentially help to prevent dispersion of viral agents by blood transfusion in case of bioterrorism.
Plateletpheresis does not cause long‐standing platelet‐derived growth factor release into the donor blood
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Loew Daniela , Weisbach Volker , Strasser Erwin , Ringwald Juergen , Zingsem Juergen , Eckstein Reinhold 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: Recently, long‐standing elevations of soluble growth factors released from platelets (PLTs) after contact with artificial surfaces during dialysis were described. They could be jointly responsible for the high frequency of death from cardiovascular diseases in dialysis patients. There are no comparable data on the extent and the duration of a growth factor release by plateletpheresis procedures.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 37 plateletpheresis procedures were performed with two different devices. PLT‐derived growth factor (PDGF) isoform AB, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and β‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG) were measured in the donors’ plasma samples, and PLT activation and function were measured by cytometry and aggregometry before and after plateletpheresis and 1 and 24 hours later.RESULTS: Before apheresis, the following mean plasma levels were found: β‐TG, 98.6 ± 37.3 IU per mL; PDGF‐AB, 71.5 ± 38.5 pg per mL; and TGF‐β1, 2.24 ± 0.80 ng per mL. At the end of the apheresis procedures, the mean PDGF‐AB level had increased by a factor of 1.8 (p < 0.05). One hour later, the mean PDGF‐AB level had normalized again. No significant change in the levels of β‐TG and TGF‐β1 was found by the apheresis procedures. There was no influence of the blood cell separator type on the results.CONCLUSION: Only a slight and rapidly reversible increase in soluble PDGF‐AB was found during plateletpheresis and no increase in soluble TGF‐β1 and β‐TG was found. This change should not be harmful to the donor.
Genetic mechanisms of Rhesus box variation
Authors: Wagner Franz F. , Moulds Joann M. , Flegel Willy A. 
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND: The RHD gene is flanked by two highly homologous DNA segments of approximately 9000 bp, the upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes. In haplotypes with an RHD deletion, the fusion of the two Rhesus boxes generates the single‐hybrid Rhesus box, the detection of which has been applied for RHD zygosity determination. Aberrant Rhesus boxes can confound this application and appear to be frequent among African individuals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 5850 bp of the upstream and of the downstream Rhesus boxes were sequenced in 18 samples that were representative for all four D clusters and of the hybrid Rhesus boxes in four samples that were mistyped in assays for the hybrid Rhesus box.RESULTS: The known differences between upstream and downstream Rhesus boxes were in part restricted to subsets of RHD alleles. Forty‐six additional polymorphisms were detected and caused by single‐nucleotide substitutions, short insertions, or deletions. Gene conversions were found in the upstream Rhesus boxes of RHDψ, DAU‐1, and DAU‐3 and in the downstream Rhesus boxes of Ccdes, weak D type 4.1, type 4.2 (DAR), and DAU‐0. Recombinations between haplotypes were likely in several alleles like DIII type 4. Four nonstandard hybrid Rhesus boxes were suggestive of multiple RHD deletion events.CONCLUSION: There is considerable variation of Rhesus box sequences associated with distinct RHD alleles. RHD zygosity diagnostics in African persons is best based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction or amplification of the full‐length hybrid Rhesus box. Because aberrant Rhesus boxes were observed among European persons, use of more than one method for hybrid Rhesus box detection may even be advisable in European persons.
An alternative hibernation strategy involving sun‐exposed ‘hotspots’, dispersal by flight, and host plant finding by olfaction in an alpine leaf beetle
Authors: Kalberer Nicole M. , Turlings Ted C. J. , Rahier Martine 
Published: March 2005

Abstract Oreina cacaliae (Schrank) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has a 2‐year life cycle that it has to complete within the short warm seasons of the harsh alpine environment. Three years of field observations and experiments revealed that not all beetles overwintered in the soil next to their principal host Adenostyles alliariae (Asteraceae), as was previously assumed, but that many O. cacaliae left their host in autumn and flew to overwintering sites that were extensively sun‐exposed. In spring, these individuals became active 2 months earlier than their conspecifics that had remained in the soil close to the host plant. These early beetles flew from their hibernation sites against the direction of the prevailing wind. After a random landing in snow, they walked to the spring host Petasites paradoxus (Asteraceae) and fed on its floral stalks, the only plant parts present at that time. A few weeks later, they took flight again to locate newly emerging A. alliariae on which they would feed and deposit larvae as did individuals that had overwintered close to A. alliariae. Leaves of A. alliariae contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which the beetles sequester for their own defence. The dominating PA (seneciphylline) was also found to be present in the floral stalks of P. paradoxus. With additional behavioural assays in the field and laboratory, we demonstrated the importance of plant odours in the short‐range host location process. This study reveals a unique hibernation behaviour in which part of the beetle population uses exceptionally warm locations from which they emerge in spring, long before all the snow has melted. This early, but risky emergence allows them to exploit a second, highly suitable host plant, which they locate first by wind‐guided flight and then by odour‐guided walking. The well‐fed beetles then use odour again to move to their principal host plant, on which they reproduce.
Evidence for regional diversity and host adaptation in Iranian populations of the Russian wheat aphid
Authors: Dolatti L. , Ghareyazie B. , Moharramipour S. , Noori‐Daloii M. R. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractEffective pest management is greatly facilitated by knowledge of the genetic structure and host adaptation of the pest species in question. The Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), is an important economic pest in many cereal‐growing areas of the world, and in this study we investigated these aspects of its populations, using microsatellite markers and host plant response assays. Diuraphis noxia was sampled from 38 locations in Iran and genotyped at four polymorphic microsatellite loci that had been isolated from various Sitobion species. We identified 50 multilocus genotypes in 376 individuals. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.134. F‐statistics showed a regional partitioning in D. noxia populations with overall FST = 0.231. In addition, there was a significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances. In order to test for the ecological consequences of genetic variability in D. noxia, biotypic variation amongst the isolates collected from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was evaluated on a number of resistant and susceptible wheat varieties. The plant variables we measured were damage rating (based on leaf chlorosis, leaf rolling, wilting, and death of the host plant), host plant dry weight, and root length. Damage rating was the best criterion for detecting biotypic variation in D. noxia. Discriminant analysis correctly classified the isolates in respective groups in 80–91.8% of the cases. The barley isolate showed no differences in performance on resistant and susceptible wheat, indicating a lack of gene‐by‐gene relationship with wheat plants. In contrast, wheat isolates differentially damaged the resistant and susceptible plants and showed moderate to severe virulence.
Effects of the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis on Microplitis mediator, a parasitoid of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Zhang Qingwen , Zhao Jian‐Zhou , Cai Qingnian , Xu Huanli , Li Jiancheng 
Published: March 2005

AbstractInteractions between the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), its larval parasitoid Microplitis mediator (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and the Cry1Ac toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The growth of H. armigera larvae was delayed and its pupal rate and pupal weight decreased when they were fed on a diet containing Cry1Ac toxin. Due to the lowered growth rate of the host larvae, the time available for parasitization of H. armigera by M. mediator increased when the host larvae were reared on a diet containing Cry1Ac toxin at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 µg g−1. The longevity of female and male parasitoids was not significantly affected when newly emerging wasps fed on honey solutions containing three different concentrations of Cry1Ac toxin (125, 250, and 500 µg ml−1). When female parasitoids were fed on honey solutions containing Cry1Ac, their offsprings’ egg and larval development period, pupal weight, length of pupation, adult weight, and adult longevity did not change significantly in most of the treatments compared with controls. When the female parasitoids parasitized host larvae that had been fed on a diet containing 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 µg g−1 Cry1Ac toxin, their offsprings’ eggs and larvae were significantly delayed. Their pupal weight, adult weight, and adult longevity were also significantly less than controls.
Prevalence and distribution of oral lesions: a cross‐sectional study in Turkey
Authors: Mumcu G , Cimilli H , Sur H , Hayran O , Atalay T 
Published: March 2005

Objectives:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of oral lesions (OLs) in Turkish population.Subjects and Methods:  In this cross‐sectional study, 765 residents (F/M: 375/390) were selected by the cluster sampling method and examined according to WHO criteria.Results:  Excessive melanin pigmentation (6.9%) was the most common lesion in the study population. The tongue lesions observed in this study were as follows: fissured tongue (5.2%), varices (4.1%), hairy tongue (3.8%), geographic tongue (1.0%), atrophic tongue papillae (0.7%) and ankyloglossia (0.3%). The denture‐related lesions were denture stomatitis (4.3%), suction irritation (0.8%), denture hyperplasia and torus palatinus as bony lesion (0.5%) and traumatic ulcers (0.3%). In regression analysis, being 65 years old and over was found as a statistically significant risk factor for the occurrence of pigmentation, fissured tongue, varices, hairy tongue, denture stomatitis and petechiae (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Pigmentation, fissured tongue and denture stomatitis were observed to be the most common lesions in Turkish population. Elderly population was a significant risk factor for occurrence of some OLs.
Addressing elder abuse: Western Australian case study
Authors: Boldy Duncan , Horner Barbara , Crouchley Kathy , Davey Margaret , Boylen Stephen 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  To explore the extent of elder abuse in Western Australia and associated aspects, such as the relationship of the abuser to the victim, risk factors and desirable interventions, and current knowledge and use of relevant protocols. Methods:  A mail‐out questionnaire was sent to over 1000 organisations and 129 general practitioners (GPs). Recipients were asked to identify any known or suspected cases of elder abuse encountered during the previous 6 months. Results:  The estimated prevalence of elder abuse was 0.58% (in individuals 60+ years). Females and those 75 years and older were more at risk than males or those younger. Financial abuse was the most common, and frequently more than one type of abuse was suffered by the same person. The main abusers were adult children or other relatives. Conclusion:  The importance of education targeted at professionals, the general public and older people themselves was evident. Important direct interventions identified included respite care, advocacy and counselling.
Well‐being in later life through music
Authors: Hays Terrence 
Published: March 2005

Objectives:  This qualitative study maps the diversity of the experience of music for older people and focuses on the emotional, social and time management roles that music plays in their lives. Methods:  In‐depth and focus group interviews were used to explore the meaning, importance and function of music for 54 older people living in the community aged 60 years and older. Results:  The findings revealed that music provides people with ways of understanding and developing their self‐identity and maintaining well‐being. Music contributes to positive ageing by providing ways for people to maintain positive self‐esteem, feel competent, independent, and avoid feelings of isolation and loneliness. Conclusions:  The study argues that music can be used by older people to facilitate and improve well‐being, and the need for gerontologists to become more aware of the potential of music.
Another minority group: use of aged care day programs and community leisure services by older people with lifelong disability
Authors: Bigby Christine , Balandin Susan 
Published: March 2005

Objective:  This study examined the extent to which programs available to the general aged community are accessible to older people with lifelong disability. Method:  Forty Victorian generic aged day activity and community leisure programs used by older people responded to a survey that sought information on the extent to which such services are used by older people with a lifelong disability. Results:  More than half of these services are accessed by a small number of people with lifelong disability and overall there was a willingness to include this group in generic services. Barriers and solutions to successful generic service use were reported. Conclusions:  The findings indicate that the issues for people with lifelong disability differ little from those of other minority groups. It is proposed that disability services have a role in brokering services for their older clients, and continued planning and collaboration between disability and aged services will benefit all older people.
Living and giving: older Australians and charitable donations
Authors: Steinberg Margaret A , Crow Rebekah , Cain Lara , Milford Cate 
Published: March 2005

Objectives:  With shifts in the age structure of the Australian population having profound effects on individuals, families and society, including giving, this study aims to better understand the role of older Australians in donations to charity. Method:  The availability of unique, one‐off, customised Australian Tax Office data for the year 1999–2000, provided to the Centre of Philanthropy and Nonprofit Studies at the Queensland University of Technology, has allowed an examination of the relationship between age and charitable giving. Results:  The proportionate number of donors and the percent of money donated by Australians were higher amongst older Australians. Conclusion:  Older Australians play a significant role in supporting charitable organisations.
Resource letter MA-1: Musical acoustics
Authors: Rossing Thomas D. 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL 60045.
Reprints: When ordering, request Resource Letter MA-1. Enclose 75 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self-addressed envelope and send to: Executive Office, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794.
Resource Letter SEG-1: Solid-earth geophysics
Authors: Bender Paul A. 
Published: March 2005

Prepared at the request of the AAPT Editorial Board for Resource Letters. This is one of a series of Resource Letters on different topics intended to guide college physicists, astronomers, and other scientists to some of the literature and other teaching aids that may help improve course contents in specified fields. No Resource Letter is meant to be exhaustive and complete; in time there may be more than one Letter on some of the main subjects of interest. Comments on these materials as well as suggestions for future topics will be welcomed. Please send such communications to Professor Aaron Owens, Editor, Resource Letter Board, Department of Physics, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022.
N o t a t i o n: The letter E after an item number indicates elementary level; the letter I indicates intermediate level; and the letter A indicates advanced material. An asterisk (*) indicates those references we feel to be especially helpful.
R e p r i n t s: When ordering, request Resource Letter SEG-1. Enclose 75 cents per copy (not in stamps) together with a stamped and self-addressed envelope and send to Melba Phillips, Acting Executive Officer, American Association of Physics Teachers, Graduate Physics Building, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794.