bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ising Spins on Frustrated Bronze‐Mean Hexagonal Quasicrystal
Authors: Ghosh Pratyay 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe investigate the Ising model on the Bronze‐mean hexagonal quasicrystal (BMH QC), an aperiodic tiling with geometric frustration. Our extensive Monte Carlo simulations explore the model's rich phase diagram, revealing six distinct phases with diverse magnetic properties and degrees of frustration. We uncover exotic spin glass phases, signaled by the replica symmetry breaking and slow relaxation dynamics. We shed light on the intriguing magnetic properties of frustrated quasicrystals and open new avenues for studying exotic phases in condensed matter physics.
Cellulose nanocrystals‐reinforced dual crosslinked double network GelMA/hyaluronic acid injectable nanocomposite cryogels with improved mechanical properties for cartilage tissue regeneration
Authors: Jonidi Shariatzadeh Farinaz , Solouk Atefeh , Mirzadeh Hamid , Bonakdar Shahin , Sadeghi Davoud , Khoulenjani Shadab Bagheri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImprovement of mechanical properties of injectable tissue engineering scaffolds is a current challenge. The objective of the current study is to produce a highly porous injectable scaffold with improved mechanical properties. For this aim, cellulose nanocrystals‐reinforced dual crosslinked porous nanocomposite cryogels were prepared using chemically crosslinked methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and ionically crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) through the cryogelation process. The resulting nanocomposites showed highly porous structures with interconnected porosity (>90%) and mean pore size in the range of 130–296 μm. The prepared nanocomposite containing 3%w/v of GelMA, 20 w/w% of HA, and 1%w/v of CNC showed the highest Young's modulus (10 kPa) and excellent reversibility after 90% compression and could regain its initial shape after injection by a 16‐gauge needle in the aqueous media. The in vitro results demonstrated acceptable viability (>90%) and migration of the human chondrocyte cell line (C28/I2), and chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. A two‐month in vivo assay on a rabbit's ear model confirmed that the regeneration potential of the prepared cryogel is comparable to the natural autologous cartilage graft, suggesting it is a promising alternative for autografts in the treatment of cartilage defects.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among pregnant women, 2020, Finland—Cross‐testing of neutralization assays
Authors: Virtanen Jenni , Korhonen Essi M. , Salonen Sami , Vapalahti Olli , Sironen Tarja , Jääskeläinen Anne J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe studied the development of the severe acute respiratory syndrome‐related coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic in southern Finland in 2020 and evaluated the performance of two surrogate immunoassays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The data set consisted of 12 000 retrospectively collected samples from pregnant women in their first trimester throughout 2020. All the samples were initially screened for immunoglobulin G (IgG) with SARS‐CoV‐2 spike antibody assay (EIM‐S1, Euroimmun) followed by confirmation with nucleocapsid antibody assay (Architect SARS‐CoV‐2, Abbott). Samples that were reactive (positive or borderline) with both assays were subjected to testing with commercial surrogate immunoassays of NeutraLISA (EIM) and cPassTM (GenScript Biotech Corporation) by using pseudoneutralization assay (PNAbA) as a golden standard. No seropositive cases were detected between January and March. Between April and December, IgG (EIM‐S1 and Abbott positive) and NAb (PNAbA positive) seroprevalences were between 0.4% and 1.4%. NeutraLISA showed 90% and cPass 55% concordant results with PNAbA among PNAbA negative samples and 49% and 92% among PNAbA positive samples giving NeutraLISA better specificity but lower sensitivity than cPass. To conclude, seroprevalence in pregnant women reflected that of the general population but the variability of the performance of serological protocols needs to be taken into account in inter‐study comparison.
International trade and investment: A review and research agenda
Authors: Singh Divya , Keshari Aditya , Gautam Amit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternational trade and investment have always been an epicenter of research, and with the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, a surge in the publication of review articles focusing on different facets of trade and investment has been observed, but a comprehensive retrospective review of international trade and investment remains scarce. To address this gap, a systematic literature review of 30 articles published in A* and A ranked journals, along with performance analysis and science mapping of 720 articles retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science databases using bibliometric analysis is done. Considering the dynamic nature of international trade and investment, the relationship between export policies and international trade influences the global landscape, which fosters mutually beneficial relationships leading to economic cooperation. Capitalizing on opportunities and mitigating risks associated with international investment is crucial for maintaining sustainable international business operations. Through these interconnected relationships, the research contributes to the understanding of the interdependent forces shaping the global economic paradigm in a unified manner. Moreover, the study provides future research directions and questions which are culled from the analysis and offer potential advancements in the field of international trade and investment.
Loss of effective lubricating viscosity is the primary mechanical marker of joint inflammation in equine synovitis
Authors: Vishwanath Karan , Secor Erica J. , Watkins Amanda , Reesink Heidi L. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInflammation of the synovium, known as synovitis, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Synovitis involves the release of a wide variety of pro‐inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid (SF) that damage the articular cartilage extracellular matrix and induce death and apoptosis in chondrocytes. The composition of synovial fluid is dramatically altered by inflammation in OA, with changes to both hyaluronic acid and lubricin, the primary lubricating molecules in SF. However, the relationship between key biochemical markers of joint inflammation and mechanical function of SF is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate the application of a novel analytical framework to measure the effective viscosity for SF lubrication of cartilage, which is distinct from conventional rheological viscosity. Notably, in a well‐established equine model of synovitis, this effective lubricating viscosity decreased by up to 10,000‐fold for synovitis SF compared to a ~4 fold change in conventional viscosity measurements. Further, the effective lubricating viscosity was strongly inversely correlated (r = −0.6 to −0.8) to multiple established biochemical markers of SF inflammation, including white blood cell count, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and chemokine ligand (CCLs) concentrations, while conventional measurements of viscosity were poorly correlated to these markers. These findings demonstrate the importance of experimental and analytical approaches to characterize functional lubricating properties of synovial fluid and their relationships to soluble biomarkers to better understand the progression of OA.
Distinct patterns of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in synovial fluid after ACL injury in comparison to osteoarthritis
Authors: Rai Muhammad Farooq , Cai Lei , Chinzei Nobuaki , Schmidt Eric J. , Yousuf Omer , Guilak Farshid , Brophy Robert H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed knee synovial fluid after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and in osteoarthritis (OA) to test the hypotheses that concentrations of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors differ (a) by diagnosis and (b) after ACL tear by time from injury and presence/absence of concomitant meniscus tear. Synovial fluid samples were collected from two groups, ACL tears (with or without meniscus tear) (N = 13) and Kellgren–Lawrence grade 3 and 4 OA (N = 16), undergoing clinically indicated aspiration of the knee joint. Multiple cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were assessed using a multiplexed 45‐protein panel. Comparisons were made for the concentrations of all molecules between ACL tear and OA patients, isolated versus combined ACL and meniscus tears, and categorized by time from injury: acute or early subacute (<15 days, N = 8) versus late subacute or chronic (>15 days and <3 months, N = 5). ACL tear patients have higher levels of six molecules (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, PlGF‐1, bNGF, TNF‐α) in knee synovial fluid compared to OA patients. Isolated ACL tears express higher levels of IL‐4, IL‐13 and IFN‐γ and lower levels of IL‐7 than ACL tears with a concomitant meniscus tear. SDF‐1α, PlGF‐1, IL‐1RA, HGF, bNGF, and BDNF levels are elevated immediately after injury and drop off significantly in the late subacute phase (after 15 days). Synovial fluid from knees with ACL tears have elevated metabolic activity compared to knees with OA. The cytokine profiles after ACL tears are influenced by the time from injury and the presence of meniscus tears. These findings offer valuable insights into the levels of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in the knee after ACL injury, information which may have important implications for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this common pathology.
The medical emergency team pharmacist: describing an overnight service
Authors: Crawley Lauren , Edwards Gail , Gibbs Harry , Tong Erica 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical practice after hours and attendance at medical emergency team (MET) calls are two novel and emerging areas of pharmacy practice. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, our institution's pharmacy services expanded from 8 am–5 pm to 24 h daily, including MET call attendance.AimThis study aimed to describe pharmacist roles, including medications charted by the general medicine and intensive care unit pharmacists during the period of extended‐hours pharmacy practice and the characteristics of MET calls attended.MethodThis descriptive, cross‐sectional study included patients admitted to the Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia between 3 April 2020–28 February 2021, when a MET was called between 5 pm–8 am, a pharmacist attended, and medication changes occurred. Data collected included whether the MET call was medication related and a description of medication changes. Ethics approval was granted by the Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: 297/21).ResultsOne thousand six hundred and forty‐four MET calls (average 5.4 calls per night) were attended by pharmacists during extended hours. Medication changes were made in response to clinical deterioration at 627 (38%) calls. The most frequent change was the initiation of cardiovascular medications (n = 206). Partnered pharmacist medication charting, including commencing, ceasing, or changing medications, occurred at 39% of MET calls with therapy changes.ConclusionPharmacists can play a key role in managing deteriorating patients as part of a MET team. Medications may be implicated in clinical deterioration of patients and are frequently administered at MET calls. The expansion of pharmacy services provided the opportunity for pharmacists to contribute to MET calls across the 24‐h period.
Study on fermentation preparation, physicochemical properties and biological activity of carboxymethylpachymaran with different degrees of substitution
Authors: Ma Yiming , Zang Ruixiang , Chen Mo , Zhang Pei , Cheng Yaqing , Hu Guoyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarboxymethylpachymaran (CMP) is created by carboxymethylating pachyman (PM), which increases its water solubility and enhances a number of biological activities. Traditional polysaccharides modified by carboxymethylation employ strong chemical techniques. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been used previously for liquid fermentation to carboxymethyl modify bacterial polysaccharides. This theory can be applied to fungal polysaccharides because Poria cocos has the ability to naturally utilize cellulose.RESULTSCMC with different degrees of substitution (DS) (0.7, 0.9 and 1.2) were added to P. cocos fermentation medium, and CMPs with different DS (0.38, 0.56 and 0.78, respectively) were prepared by liquid fermentation. The physical and chemical properties and biological activities of the CMPs were determined. Their structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and monosaccharide composition. With the increase of DS, the viscosity and viscosity‐average molecular weight of CMPs decreased, whereas polysaccharide content and water solubility increased, although the triple helix structure was not affected. The results of bioactivity assay showed that the higher the DS of CMPs, the higher the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability, and the stronger the bacterial inhibition ability.CONCLUSIONThe present study has developed a method for producing CMPs by P. cocos liquid fermentation. The results of the study confirm that enhancing the DS of CMP could effectively enhance its potential biological activity. The findings provide safe and reliable raw materials for creating CMP‐related foods and encourage CMP application in the functional food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Low annual revision rate in ankle distraction for ankle osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hollander Julian J. , Paget Liam D. A. , Dahmen Jari , Stornebrink Tobias , Rikken Quinten G. H. , Sierevelt Inger N. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeAnkle osteoarthritis severely impacts patients' mental and physical quality of life. Besides total ankle replacement and ankle arthrodesis, ankle distraction has been shown to be a promising alternative. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the annual revision rates (ARRs) after ankle distraction. The secondary aim was to obtain an overview of patient‐reported outcome measures and functional outcomes.MethodsA literature search until November 2023 was performed. Methodological quality was assessed using the methodological index for non‐randomised studies criteria. Primary outcome was the ARR which was log‐transformed and pooled using a random effects model. Secondary outcomes were pooled using a simplified pooling technique and included the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Ankle‐Hindfoot Scale (AOFAS), range of motion (ROM) and post‐operative complications.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 287 articles, of which 10 studies, comprising 602 patients, were included. The patients had a pooled mean age of 47 years (range of means: 40–68) and a mean follow‐up of 35 months (range of means: 24–48). The overall methodological quality was moderate to fair. The pooled ARR after ankle distraction was 4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3%–7%). Pooling of AOFAS showed mean 26‐point improvement (from 54 to 80). Additionally, ROM dorsiflexion improved at 5°, and the plantarflexion remained at 31°. The overall complication rate was 41% (95% CI, 35%–48%), of which 77% (95% CI, 67%–85%) were pin‐tract infections.ConclusionAnkle distraction results in an ARR of 4% (95% CI, 3%–7%) with clinically relevant improved AOFAS scores. The overall complication rate is 41% and is mainly attributable to treatable pin‐tract infections (77% of recorded complications).Level of EvidenceLevel IV, Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis.
Increased kinesiophobia leads to lower return to sport rate and clinical outcomes following osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee
Authors: Triana Jairo , DeClouette Brittany , Montgomery Samuel R. , Avila Amanda , Shankar Dhruv S. , Alaia Michael J. , Strauss Eric J. , Campbell Kirk A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the postoperative psychological state of patients following osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in the knee and to determine whether patient‐perceived kinesiophobia is associated with the rate of return to sport (RTS).MethodsA retrospective review of the electronic medical record at a single institution was conducted for all patients that underwent OCA transplantation from January 2010 to 2020. Patient‐reported outcomes including the visual analog scale (VAS), knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia‐11 (TSK‐11) were collected. Patients were surveyed regarding their postoperative RTS status.ResultsA total of 38 patients (52.6% female) were included in our analysis. Overall, 24 patients (63.2%) returned to sport with 12 (50%) of these patients returning at a lower level of play. When comparing patients that return to sport to those that did not, patients that return had significantly superior KOOS pain (p = 0.019) and KOOS QOL (p = 0.011). Measures of kinesiophobia (TSK‐11) were significantly higher among patients that did not return to sport (p = 0.014), while satisfaction (n.s.) and pain intensity (n.s.) were comparable between groups. Logistic regression models controlling for demographic factors, VAS pain scores and lesion size showed that for every one‐point increase in TSK‐11 kinesiophobia score, patients were 1.33 times more likely to return to sport at a lower level (p = 0.009). For every one‐point increase in TSK‐11 scores KOOS QOL decreased by 2.4 points (p < 0.001).ConclusionFear of reinjury decreases the likelihood that patients will return to their preoperative level of sport after OCA transplantation. Patients that do not return to sport report significantly greater fear of reinjury and inferior clinical outcomes, despite similar levels of satisfaction and pain compared to those that return.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
The Usefulness of Salivary Gland Organoids for Evaluation of the Potency of Botulinum Neurotoxin
Authors: Yoon Yeo‐Jun , Lim Jae‐Yol 
Published: January 2024

Background and ObjectivesBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is a substance used to treat chronic sialorrhea, muscle dystonia, and is used in cosmetic applications. Measuring the potency of BoNT is crucial because it acts even with a small amount. However, the current methods for measuring the potency of BoNT involve using two‐dimensional neuroblastoma cell line‐based methods. In this study, we aimed to develop a new method to measure the potency of BoNT using a three‐dimensional organoid culture system.Materials and MethodWe established the optimal conditions for coculturing N2a neuronal cells with murine salivary gland organoids (SGOs). After determining the appropriate chemical concentrations, we treated the SGOs cocultured with N2a cells with BoNT type A (BoNT/A). We confirmed the expression of salivary gland‐related genes and proteins using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe SGOs cocultured with N2a cells showed that the dendrites or axons of neuronal cells were in contact with the outermost layer of the SGOs. When we applied acetylcholine and neostigmine to the coculture systems, the mRNA expression of Aqp5 and Bhlha15, associated with salivary gland secretory cells, increased. However, this effect was reversed when BoNT/A was applied, as confirmed through real‐time PCR.ConclusionWe found that the coculture system of SGOs and N2a neuronal cells can potentially serve as a potency testing platform for BoNT.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:2697–2704, 2024
HOW TO TRANSFORM (NOT RESOLVE) CONFLICT
Authors: Ury William 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe author is one of the world’s best‐known experts on negotiation, and the co‐author of the classic book Getting to Yes. He recounts that he has “spent nearly 50 years wandering the world and dealing with some of its most difficult conflicts, from war zones to corporate battles and from union‐management disputes to political fights.” Rather than characterizing himself as an optimist or a pessimist, he prefers the term “possibilist.” He writes: “I believe it is possible for us humans to deal wisely with even our deepest differences.” Among his insights: “We cannot end conflict, but we can embrace and transform it. We can choose to handle conflict constructively, using our innate curiosity, creativity, and collaboration.” In addition: “Given just how hard it is to remember to pause in the heat of conflict, I have learned over the years to compensate by building something I call the balcony. The balcony is a place of calm and perspective where we can keep our eyes on the prize.” He concludes: “More than a method, the path to possible is a mindset. It is a way of living in these challenging times—needed now more than ever.”
CREATING A CULTURE OF AI CONFIDENCE: A BLUEPRINT FOR LEADERS
Authors: Patel Amit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe author, Founder and Managing Director of Mythos Group, discusses artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of how leaders must act regarding the expectations, fears, and anxieties expressed now and in the future by their employees. He claims that AI “is not a replacement for employees,” but rather “a way of augmenting your existing workforce, improving their ability to leverage information and increasing their efficiency.” He further describes AI and machine learning algorithms, and puts these concepts into context for the world of organizations. He discusses various challenges, under headings such as perception, confidence, and garbage in/garbage out. He follows with opportunities, grouped under decision‐making and efficiency, along with tactics and a look into the future. These ideas are bolstered by four sidebars: Key Questions For Leaders To Answer In Addressing Employee Perceptions Of AI, Key Questions To Answer About Data Protection And Use, Practical Approaches To Building A Culture Of AI Understanding, and Pragmatic Approaches To AI Integration. His conclusion states that “organizations will need to draw on expert advice that simultaneously considers the strengths of their teams and finding opportunities for AI to make the best use of their expertise and institutional knowledge.”
WHY MANAGEMENT HAS GOTTEN WORSE AND THE LEADERSHIP ISSUES BEHIND THAT
Authors: Cappelli Peter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe author, Professor of Management at The Wharton School and Director of Wharton’s Center for Human Resources, discusses the background of what in his view is the worsening of management of employees in today’s organizations. He cites considerable research and historical background to this effect, while also relating the leadership issues that have led to this situation. For instance: “Remarkably, 29% of those who are promoted now leave within a month because promotions often come with no pay increase and with more work and responsibility. A third of US managers now report that they received no management training of any kind either before becoming a manager or after.” He also cites the power and “influence of the investor world, which relies on financial accounting to judge company performance, and the fact that financial accounting simply cannot address human capital.” In looking for ways to improve these systemic issues, he believes that “the way forward starts with Boards of Directors who have the long‐run success of their companies in mind and who guide the top executives. It is important that they help executives avoid blind spots about people issues that are common in a ‘finance‐first’ approach to management.”