bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Sequential Sampling Method for Surrogate Modeling Based on a Hybrid Metric
Authors: Hu Weifei , Zhao Feng , Deng Xiaoyu , Cong Feiyun , Wu Jianwei , Liu Zhenyu , Tan Jianrong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sequential sampling methods have gained significant attention due to their ability to iteratively construct surrogate models by sequentially inserting new samples based on existing ones. However, efficiently and accurately creating surrogate models for high-dimensional, nonlinear, and multimodal problems is still a challenging task. This paper proposes a new sequential sampling method for surrogate modeling based on a hybrid metric, specifically making the following three contributions: (1) a hybrid metric is developed by integrating the leave-one-out cross-validation error, the local nonlinearity, and the relative size of Voronoi regions using the entropy weights, which well considers both the global exploration and local exploitation of existing samples; (2) a Pareto-TOPSIS strategy is proposed to first filter out unnecessary regions and then efficiently identify the sensitive region within the remaining regions, thereby improving the efficiency of sensitive region identification; and (3) a prediction-error-and-variance (PE&V) learning function is proposed based on the prediction error and variance of the intermediate surrogate models to identify the new sample to be inserted in the sensitive region, ultimately improving the efficiency of the sequential sampling process and the accuracy of the final surrogate model. The proposed sequential sampling method is compared with four state-of-the-art sequential sampling methods for creating Kriging surrogate models in seven numerical cases and one real-world engineering case of a cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine. The results show that compared with the other four methods, the proposed sequential sampling method can more quickly and robustly create an accurate surrogate model using a smaller number of samples.
Boosting Energy Return Using 3D Printed Midsoles Designed With Compliant Constant Force Mechanisms
Authors: Ou Haihua , Johnson Shane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The enhancement of midsole compressive energy return is associated with improved running economy. Traditional midsole materials such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and polyether block amide (PEBA) foams typically exhibit hardening force–displacement characteristics. On the other hand, a midsole with softening properties, which can be achieved through compliant constant force mechanisms (CFMs), can provide significant benefits in terms of energy storage and return. This study presents the development of such a midsole, incorporating 3D printed TPU CFM designs derived through structural optimization. The mechanical properties under cyclic loading were evaluated and compared with those of commercially available running shoes with state-of-the-art PEBA foam midsoles, specifically the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 2 (NVP). Our custom midsole demonstrated promising mechanical performance. At similar deformation levels, the new design increased energy storage by 58.1% and energy return by 47.0%, while reducing the peak compressive force by 24.3%. As per our understanding, this is the first study to prove that the inclusion of CFMs in the structural design of 3D printed midsoles can significantly enhance energy return.
Anti-virulence and bactericidal activities of Stattic against
Shigella sonnei
Authors: Wang Mingfang , Zeng Jia , Tan Huihui , Guo Quan , Li Xia , Ling Xiwen , Zhang Jinyue , Song Shihao , Deng Yinyue 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Shigella sonnei
is an important human pathogen that provokes severe colitis and diarrhea, causing high mortality and morbidity worldwide. Because of increasing drug resistance, it is particularly important to develop new antibacterial agents against
S. sonnei
. In this study, we report that Stattic, a potent signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor, was found to be effective against
S. sonnei
. Our results showed that Stattic has dual antibacterial mechanisms. At low concentrations, Stattic binds to GalU of
S. sonnei
, inhibits its enzyme activity, and then reduces biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharide production, which ultimately attenuates
S. sonnei
virulence in human cell lines. At high concentrations, Stattic could kill bacteria by disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane, causing space collapse and the outflow of contents. Furthermore, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with antibiotics against
S. sonnei
. In addition, Stattic also showed anti-virulence activity against
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
. Together, our findings suggest the promising potential and advantages of Stattic as a new therapeutic agent against bacterial pathogens.

IMPORTANCE

Shigella sonnei
is a major human enteric pathogen that causes bacillary dysentery. The increasing spread of drug-resistant
S. sonnei
strains has caused an emergent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents against this pathogenic bacterium. In this study, we demonstrate that Stattic employs two antibacterial mechanisms against
S. sonnei
. It exerted both anti-virulence activity and bactericidal activity against
S. sonnei
, suggesting that it shows advantages over traditional antibiotics. Moreover, Stattic showed excellent synergistic effects with kanamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin against
S. sonnei
. Our findings suggest that Stattic has promising potential for development as a new antibiotic or as an adjuvant to antibiotics for infections caused by
S. sonnei
.
Ubiquitination-dependent degradation of nucleolin mediated by porcine circovirus type 3 capsid protein
Authors: Wang Dedong , Hou Lei , Ji Ying , Xie Jiali , Zhao Jie , Zhu Ning , Yang Xiaoyu , Zhou Jianwei , Cui Yongqiu , Guo Jinshuo , Feng Xufei , Liu Jue 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a virus that causes a wide range of illnesses, including porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammation. Nucleolin is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is important in viral replication. Mass spectrometry has revealed that the PCV3 capsid (Cap) protein interacts with nucleolin. However, the effects of nucleolin on PCV3 replication remain unclear. This study confirmed that PCV3 Cap interacts with nucleolin and that the Cap nuclear location signal domain and nucleolin amino acids 1–110 are essential for the Cap-nucleolin interaction. Further examinations indicated that lysine residue 102 of nucleolin is conjugated to K48-linked polyubiquitination chains by the E3 ligase RNF34, which is transported by PCV3 Cap from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus, resulting in nucleolin degradation. PCV3 replication was increased by small interfering RNA-mediated nucleolin knockdown and was decreased by nucleolin overexpression. Inhibition of PCV3 replication by nucleolin overexpression was associated with nucleolin-promoted release of interferon β. These findings suggest that nucleolin functions as an antiviral protein to combat PCV3 infection by activating innate immunity. The findings provide important insights concerning the prevention and treatment of PCV3 infection.

IMPORTANCE
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging pathogen that causes multisystem disease in pigs and poses a severe threat to the swine industry. However, the mechanisms of how PCV3 uses host proteins to regulate its own life cycle are not well understood. In this study, we found that PCV3 capsid protein interacts with nucleolin and degrades it. Degradation of nucleolin by the PCV3 capsid protein requires recruitment of the enzyme RNF34, which is transported to the nucleolus from the cytoplasm in the presence of the PCV3 capsid protein. Nucleolin also decreases PCV3 replication by promoting the release of interferon β. These findings clarify the mechanism by which nucleolin modulates PCV3 replication in cells, thereby facilitating to provide an important strategy for preventing and controlling PCV3 infection.
Metagenomic survey of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Maryland surface waters differentiated by high and low human impact
Authors: Kocurek Brandon , Behling Shawn , Martin Gordon , Ramachandran Padmini , Reed Elizabeth , Grim Christopher , Mammel Mark , Zheng Jie , Franklin Alison , Garland Jay , Tadesse Daniel A. , Sharma Manan , Tyson Gregory H. , Kabera Claudine , Tate Heather , McDermott Patrick F. , Strain Errol , Ottesen Andrea 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Here, we examine surface waters as a modality to better understand baseline antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the environment to supplement existing AMR monitoring in pathogens associated with humans, foods, and animals. Data from metagenomic and quasimetagenomic (shotgun sequenced enrichments) are used to describe AMR in Maryland surface waters from high and low human impact classifications.
Characteristics of inflammatory phenotypes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wen Xiang , Deng Zhishan , Peng Jieqi , Yang Huajing , Wu Fan , Dai Cuiqiong , Zheng Youlan , Zhao Ningning , Wang Zihui , Xiao Shan , Xu Jianwu , Lu Lifei , Wu Xiaohui , Zhou Kunning , Dai Jianwei , Li Bing , Ran Pixin , Zhou Yumin 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThe relationship between airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and clinical characteristics remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the airway inflammatory phenotypes in COPD and their association with clinical characteristics.Methods895 patients with COPD were recruited from Guangdong Province, China in this study. Each patient underwent questionnaire interviews, spirometry testing, CT scans and induced sputum examination. Classification of airway inflammation phenotypes was based on sputum inflammatory cell counts. Covariance analysis was applied to assess associations with airway inflammation phenotypes.ResultsIn this study, we found that neutrophilic phenotype (NP, 58.0%) was the most common airway inflammation phenotype in patients with COPD, followed by mixed granulocytic phenotype (MGP, 32.6%), eosinophilic phenotype (EP, 5.4%) and paucigranulocytic phenotype (PP, 4.0%). Compared with NP patients, those with MGP exhibited more frequent chronic respiratory symptoms, and a higher proportion of individuals classified under Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages 3 and 4. After adjusting for confounding factors, MGP patients had lower lung function, and more severe emphysema and air trapping. On the contrary, patients with PP had the best pulmonary function and less emphysema and air trapping.ConclusionsNP was the most common airway inflammation phenotype in patients with COPD. Patients with MGP had more respiratory symptoms, greater loss of lung function, and more severe emphysema and gas trapping compared with those with NP. Meanwhile, PP may be a phenotype of mild damage to lung structure in patients with COPD.
The estuarine growth and residency of juvenile Pacific salmon in North America: a compilation of empirical data
Authors: Arbeider Michael , Pemberton-Renaud Violaine , Hodgson Emma E. , Moore Jonathan W. 
Published: November 2023

The value of estuaries as nursery habitat for juvenile anadromous salmon is likely variable across estuaries and species. Here, we compiled published empirical data on juvenile salmon estuarine growth and residency. We aimed to quantify the range and variability of these aspects for five species of Pacific salmon across estuaries, methodologies, and life histories. The majority of studies focused on Chinook and coho salmon, largely from their southern range. While there is some evidence of higher growth in wild-origin fish relative to hatchery-origin fish, the wide range of metrics employed made identification of trends among life histories challenging, and unification of reporting could strengthen future research. Different salmon life histories exhibited different residencies, with natural-origin subyearling coho exhibiting the longest mean residency (∼3 months) and 1+ sockeye salmon exhibiting the shortest (3.7 days). Across life histories, hatchery fish exhibited much shorter estuary residencies than wild fish. Collectively, our review highlights key patterns in salmon estuary ecology, identifies knowledge gaps, and lays the foundation for future studies to quantify the importance of estuaries for specific salmon.
Interference in science: scientists’ perspectives on their ability to communicate and conduct environmental research in Canada
Authors: Robertson Manjulika E. , Chu Samantha M. , Cloutier Anika , Mongeon Philippe , Driscoll Don A. , Heer Tej , Westwood Alana R. 
Published: November 2023

When researchers are sufficiently resourced to conduct research and communicate their findings, the knowledge produced can benefit the environment and society through policy. However, interference with the research process and its subsequent knowledge mobilization (“interference in science”) has been observed in several countries, particularly for environmental researchers. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed environmental researchers in Canada ( n = 741) to investigate the perceived prevalence, source, and effects of interference and considered whether these perceptions differ by region, career stage, research area, and membership in any scientific society. Although over half of researchers were not restricted from speaking to the media (54%), and most had never been asked to make “undue modifications” to their work (84%), the vast majority (92%) reported at least some degree of interference in their work during their careers. Consequences of interference were more prevalent among early-career researchers and included negative impacts on job satisfaction, mental health, and undue modification to work leading to inaccurate or incomplete science communication. Although environmental researchers in Canada deem themselves overall better able to conduct and communicate their work than under previous federal governments, reports of ongoing political interference remain concerning. We recommend increased support for researchers and further investigations into interference.
Flavor-changing top quark rare decays in the Bestest Little Higgs Model
Authors: Cisneros-Pérez T. , Hernández-Ruíz M. A. , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez A. , Cruz-Albaro E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates rare flavor-changing decays of the top quark in the Bestest Little Higgs Model (BLHM). As a result, flavor-changing phenomena are introduced in the BLHM for the first time. In this study, we incorporate new flavor mixing terms between the light quarks of the Standard Model (SM) and the fermions and bosons of the BLHM. We compute the one-loop contributions from the heavy quark (B) and the heavy bosons $$(W^{\prime \pm }, \phi ^{\pm }, \eta ^{\pm },H^{\pm })$$

(

W

′
±

,

ϕ
±

,

η
±

,

H
±

)

. Our findings demonstrate that the branching ratios of decays $$t\rightarrow qV$$

t
→
q
V

and $$t\rightarrow qh^0$$

t
→
q

h
0

, where $$q=u,c$$

q
=
u
,
c

and $$V=Z, \gamma , g $$

V
=
Z
,
γ
,
g

, can reach larger branching ratios compared to their counterparts in the SM, except for the gluon case. Moreover, we observe that the processes with the highest sensitivity are $$Br(t\rightarrow cZ)\sim 10^{-5}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c
Z
)

∼

10

-
5

, $$Br(t\rightarrow c\gamma )\sim 10^{-6}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c
γ
)

∼

10

-
6

and $$Br(t \rightarrow ch^0) \sim 10^{-8}$$

B
r

(
t
→
c

h
0

)

∼

10

-
8

within the appropriate parameter space.
2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Joglar José A. , Chung Mina K. , Armbruster Anastasia L. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Chyou Janice Y. , Cronin Edmond M. , Deswal Anita , Eckhardt Lee L. , Goldberger Zachary D. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Gorenek Bulent , Hess Paul L. , Hlatky Mark , Hogan Gail , Ibeh Chinwe , Indik Julia H. , Kido Kazuhiko , Kusumoto Fred , Link Mark S. , Linta Kathleen T. , Marcus Gregory M. , McCarthy Patrick M. , Patel Nimesh , Patton Kristen K. , Perez Marco V. , Piccini Jonathan P. , Russo Andrea M. , Sanders Prashanthan , Streur Megan M. , Thomas Kevin L. , Times Sabrina , Tisdale James E. , Valente Anne Marie , Van Wagoner David R. 
Published: November 2023

AIM
The “2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation” provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation.

METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate.

STRUCTURE
Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the “2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” and the “2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation” have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
Kwame Nkrumah’s Intervention in the 1960s Congo Crisis: a Pan-African Geopolitics and Personality Trait
Authors: Nunoo Isaac , Atenka Justice K. , Chipaike Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Utilizing archival materials and existing literature, the article examines the contending rationales motivating Nkrumah’s decision to support the UN mission in the Congo during the 1960s political crisis. Existing scholarship, to date, appreciates Nkrumah’s involvement from the perspectives of African camaraderie, anti-imperial mawkishness, and regional leadership. However, beyond these elucidations, the optimal focus should be driven by Pan-Africanism geopolitics, the leadership traits and African political unification agenda of Nkrumah. The paper reveals how the UN mission was perceived by Nkrumah as an avenue to forbid the powers of the bipolar system to interfere with the right of “sovereign self-determination” within the domestic affairs of the Congo. The article’s findings and conclusion posit that the UN operation provided a boulevard of latitude for Nkrumah’s grander pan-African geopolitical ambition coupled with his own leadership traits. The failure of his mission was relative, given the normative value of his pan-African dream.
The Role of Climate Change in the Proliferation of Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms in Inland Water Bodies of the United States
Authors: Wiley D. Yvette , McPherson Renee A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Harmful algae and cyanobacteria blooms are increasing in frequency and intensity in freshwater systems due to anthropogenic impacts such as nutrient loading in watersheds and engineered alterations of natural waterways. There are multiple physical factors that affect the conditions in a freshwater system that contribute to optimal habitats for harmful algae and toxin-producing cyanobacteria. A growing body of research shows that climate change stressors also are impacting water-body conditions that favor harmful algae and cyanobacteria species over other phytoplankton. The overgrowth of these organisms, or a “bloom,” increases the opportunity for exposure to toxins by humans, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. As waters warm and precipitation patterns change over time, exposure to these blooms is projected to increase. Hence, it is important that states and tribes develop monitoring and reporting strategies as well as align governmental policies to protect their citizens and ecosystems within their jurisdiction. Currently, the policies and approaches taken to monitor and report on harmful algae and cyanobacteria blooms vary widely among states, and it is undetermined if any tribes have specific policies on harmful algae blooms. This paper synthesizes research on algal blooms in inland freshwater systems of the United States. This review examines how climate change contributes to trends in bloom frequency or severity and outlines approaches that states and tribes may use to monitor, report, and respond to harmful algae and cyanobacteria blooms.

Significance Statement
Inland bodies of freshwater supply drinking water for humans and animals, water for irrigating crops, habitats for aquatic species, places of cultural significance for Indigenous peoples, and other important functions. Many of these bodies of water have been polluted with runoff from industry, including agriculture, and already support harmful algal blooms during warm conditions. Hot extremes associated with climate change are expected to increase the occurrence and duration of harmful algal blooms, and in some places, initiate blooms where none have been recorded previously. These toxic blooms are harmful to people, companion animals, livestock, and wildlife. It is important to review the interconnections among biological, climate, and water systems to monitor blooms and alert the public about their toxin production.
The War Years in Thebes: Ernest Mackay’s Work in Theban Tombs
Authors: Kaczanowicz Marta 
Published: November 2023

The Mackay archive (now part of the larger manuscript collection of Alan H. Gardiner) kept at the Griffith Institute, University of Oxford, comprises excavation reports, photographs, and personal correspondence of Ernest Mackay, the British archaeologist who worked in the Theban necropolis from 1913–1916 on behalf of Robert Mond. Mackay’s notes fill in the gaps in the history of the exploration of Theban tombs, as well as add some additional information on the obscure years of the First World War in the Theban necropolis. The archive also sheds some light on the hitherto unknown beginning of the archaeological career of Dorothy Mackay. [Formula: see text]