bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poliosis, hair pigment dilution, and premature graying of the hair: A diagnostic approach in pediatric patients and review of the literature
Authors: Rangu Sneha A. , Oza Vikash S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPoliosis is defined as the absence of melanin in hair, and hair graying typically occurs with hair melanin reduction. Poliosis can occur at any age but presents in childhood in certain genetic and acquired conditions, with many families seeking evaluation from a pediatric dermatologist. Poliosis presents as white hair typically restricted to a certain location of the scalp. Children may also present with a reduction of expected hair pigmentation, referred to as pigment dilution, or the development of hair graying. This review aims to provide a streamlined diagnostic approach for pediatric dermatologists when presented with these hair findings. Poliosis should be recognized as a potential diagnostic feature or initial sign in many syndromes and thus can guide clinicians in diagnosing and managing conditions earlier in a patient's care. Since many of the genetic and acquired conditions that present with poliosis or hair pigment dilution have extracutaneous manifestations, early diagnosis is vital in establishing multidisciplinary care.
Predictors of parenting difficulties at the 18‐month health checkups: A retrospective study using administrative data from infant health checkups
Authors: Amano Moe , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Honda Chikako , Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to identify predictors of parenting difficulties at 18 months from the results of the 4‐, 6–7‐, and 9–10‐month infant health checkups among caregivers who had not experienced difficulties at 4 months.Design and SamplesThis retrospective study used data from infant health checkups conducted in a city in Tokyo from November 2019 to October 2021. The participants were caregiver‐child dyads of children who had undergone four checkups. Low birthweight, preterm, and multiple birth infants, and caregivers who experienced difficulties at 4 months were excluded.MeasurementsData included caregiver, child‐rearing environment, and child factors at the 4‐, 6–7‐, and 9–10‐month checkups and caregivers’ self‐reported parenting difficulties at the 18‐month checkup.ResultsOf the 555 caregivers, 48 (8.6%) experienced parenting difficulties at 18 months. Logistic regression analyses showed that mothers’ physical condition (4 months), children being male, abnormal child growth (4 months), less than 10th percentile for children's height (6–7 and 9–10 months), and abnormal examination results (6–7 months) were significantly associated with parenting difficulties at 18 months.ConclusionsTo prevent child abuse, public health nurses should consider the identified factors to detect and support caregivers with emerging parenting difficulties.
Unravelling the Functional Role of GthGAPC2 in Cotton's Defense Against Verticillium dahliae through Proteome
Authors: Umer Muhammad Jawad , Batool Raufa , Yang Mengying , Zheng Jie , Nazir Mian Faisal , Wang Heng , Cai Xiaoyan , Hou Yuqing , Xu Yanchao , Wang Yuhong , Liu Ji , Attia Kotb A. , Abushady Asmaa M. , Liu Fang , Zhou Zhongli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCotton (Gossypium spp.) is an economically important crop, but its productivity is often hindered by the soil‐borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. This study aimed to investigate the response of cotton roots to V. dahliae infection by analysing the proteome of Gossypium thurberi (resistant) and Gossypium raimondii (susceptible) at 0 h, 24 h, and 48 h post‐infection. Through weighted protein coexpression network analysis, fifteen hub proteins crucial for defense against V. dahliae were identified. Expression analysis revealed the pivotal role of GthGAPC2, encoding GLYCERALDEHYDE‐3‐PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE 2, in conferring resistance to V. dahliae in cotton. Virus‐induced gene Silencing (VIGS) of GthGAPC2 increased susceptibility to V. dahliae, which was supported by oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities. Furthermore, GthGAPC2 silencing influenced lignin content, indicating its involvement in lignin biosynthesis regulation. Transient overexpression of GthGAPC2 in tobacco supported its role in cell death processes. Subcellular localization studies showed predominant nuclear localization of GthGAPC2. Overexpression of GthGAPC2 in Arabidopsis also confirms its significant role in V. dahliae resistance. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in Gossypium thurberi. Identification of GthGAPC2, as a key protein involved in V. dahliae resistance, and its functional implications can aid breeding strategies for enhancing cotton's disease resistance.
Chara — a living sister to the land plants with pivotal enzymic toolkit for mannan and xylan remodelling
Authors: Franková Lenka , Fry Stephen C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLand‐plant transglycosylases ‘cut‐and‐paste’ cell‐wall polysaccharides by endo‐transglycosylation (transglycanases) and exo‐transglycosylation (transglycosidases). Such enzymes may remodel the wall, adjusting extensibility and adhesion. Charophytes have cell‐wall polysaccharides that broadly resemble, but appreciably differ from land‐plants'. We investigated whether Chara vulgaris has wall‐restructuring enzymes mirroring those of land‐plants.Wall enzymes extracted from Chara were assayed in vitro for transglycosylase activities on various donor substrates — β‐(1→4)‐glucan‐based [xyloglucan and mixed‐linkage glucans (MLGs)], β‐(1→4)‐xylans and β‐(1→4)‐mannans — plus related acceptor substrates (tritium‐labelled oligosaccharides, XXXGol, Xyl6‐ol and Man6‐ol), thus 12 donor:acceptor permutations. Also, fluorescent oligosaccharides were incubated in situ with Chara, revealing endogenous enzyme action on endogenous (potentially novel) polysaccharides.Chara enzymes acted on the glucan‐based polysaccharides with [3H]XXXGol as acceptor substrate, demonstrating ‘glucan:glucan‐type’ transglucanases. Such activities were unexpected because Chara lacks biochemically detectable xyloglucan and MLG. With xylans as donor and [3H]Xyl6‐ol (but not [3H]Man6‐ol) as acceptor, high trans‐β‐xylanase activity was detected. With mannans as donor and either [3H]Man6‐ol or [3H]Xyl6‐ol as acceptor, we detected high levels of both mannan:mannan homo‐trans‐β‐mannanase and mannan:xylan hetero‐trans‐β‐mannanase activity, showing that Chara can not only ‘cut/paste’ these hemicelluloses by homo‐transglycosylation but also hetero‐transglycosylate them, forming mannan→xylan (but not xylan→mannan) hybrid hemicelluloses. In in‐situ assays, Chara walls attached endogenous polysaccharides to exogenous sulphorhodamine‐labelled Man6‐ol, indicating transglycanase (possibly trans‐mannanase) action on endogenous polysaccharides.In conclusion, cell‐wall transglycosylases, comparable to but different from those of land‐plants, pre‐dated the divergence of the Charophyceae from its sister clade (Coleochaetophyceae/Zygnematophyceae/land‐plants). Thus, the ability to ‘cut/paste’ wall polysaccharides is an evolutionarily ancient streptophytic trait.
Whatever happened to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the Beatles' guru, and the “TM” movement?
Authors: Sawyer Dana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article redacts certain sections of the author's recent book on Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and the Transcendental Meditation (TM) movement. Specifically, it offers an updated overview—based on earlier studies—of the TM movement's development and what led to its enormous success, while also providing analysis of the movement using metrics gleaned from the academic study of new religious movements. The author places primary attention on assessing whether or not TM and its attendant philosophy constitutes a religion, and, based primarily on metrics offered by Bainbridge and Stark, argues that it is not only a religion but a variety of Neo‐Hinduism. Attention is also given to the TM movement's deep appeal for the youth culture of the 1960s.
You don't know why you (don't) exercise: The relationship between automatic processes and physical activity (or sedentary behavior): A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yu‐Bu , Zhang Zhonghao , Mao Zhi‐Xiong 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThis meta‐analysis aimed to examine the relationship between automatic processes and behavior as well as their moderators.MethodsThere were 126 effect sizes (Fisher's Z) extracted from 55 independent research studies involving 10,432 participants. Meta‐analyses were conducted using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Version 3.3. Univariate meta‐regression models were used to analyze underlying moderators.ResultsMeta‐analysis after correction found that automatic processes could significantly and positively predict behavior, but the effect size was small (Fisher's Z = 0.057, p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.043, 0.070]).ConclusionsDifferent components of automatic processes, task reliability, and study design moderated the relationship between automatic processes and behavior. Future research could explore automatic measures at a neurophysiological level or use population‐matched stimuli for specific populations to improve measure validity. In addition, future research should accumulate evidence on how to reduce sedentary behavior.
Is one's happiness associated with their spouse's income, and vice versa? Insights from China
Authors: Li Zhongwu , Kong Dewei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study empirically explores the relationship between spousal income and individual happiness in contemporary China.MethodsUtilizing three waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data set, we employ a methodological approach involving an ordinal logit model, nearest neighbor matching, inverse probability weighting methods, and a series of robustness tests.ResultsThe findings reveal an asymmetric association between spousal income and one's happiness within the family context. Husband's happiness is more positively linked to his own income than his wife's income, whereas the wife's happiness is positively associated with her husband's income rather than her own. This association is more pronounced for women from rural areas and lower‐income households, influenced by traditional gender ideologies and limited economic and political participation.ConclusionOur results highlight that women in contemporary China, especially those in rural areas and from lower‐income households, continue to rely on the traditional gender role arrangement for greater well‐being, emphasizing the enduring influence of spousal income on women's happiness.
Large granular lymphocyte lymphoma in 65 dogs (2005–2023)
Authors: Yale Andrew D. , Crawford Asia L. , Gramer Irina , Guillén Alexandra , Desmas Isabelle , Holmes Emma J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge granular lymphocyte lymphoma (LGLL) is a rare form of lymphoma in dogs. Limited information exists regarding presentation, treatment response, and outcome. The aim of this single‐institute, retrospective study was to characterise clinical presentation, biologic behaviour, outcomes, and prognostic factors for dogs with LGLL. Cytologic review was also performed. Sixty‐five dogs were included. The most common breed was the Labrador retriever (29.2%), and the most common presenting signs were lethargy (60.0%) and hyporexia (55.4%). The most common primary anatomic forms were hepatosplenic (32.8%) and gastrointestinal (20.7%). Twenty dogs (30.8%) had peripheral blood or bone marrow involvement. Thirty‐two dogs were treated with maximum tolerated dose chemotherapy (MTDC) with a response documented in 74.1% of dogs. Dogs ≥7 years, and those with neutropenia or thrombocytopenia at diagnosis had the reduced likelihood of response to treatment. For dogs treated with MTDC median progression‐free interval (PFI) was 17 days (range, 0–481), the median overall survival time (OST) 28 days (range, 3–421), and the 6‐month and 1‐year survival rates were 9.4% and 3.1%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, monocytosis and peripheral blood involvement were significantly associated with shorter PFI and OST. Long‐term survival (≥100 days) was significantly associated with intermediate lymphocyte size on cytology. Dogs with LGLL have moderate response rates to chemotherapy but poor overall survival. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate prognostic factors and guide optimum treatment recommendations.
CanCHD Study of Hematopoietic Cancers in Children With and Without Genetic Syndromes
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Sazzad , Ganni Elie , Liu Aihua , Guo Liming , Mackie Andrew S. , Kaufman Jay S. , Marelli Ariane J. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Individuals with genetic syndromes can manifest both congenital heart disease (CHD) and cancer attributable to possible common underlying pathways. To date, reliable risk estimates of hematopoietic cancer (HC) among children with CHD based on large population‐based data remain scant. This study sought to quantify the risk of HC by the presence of genetic syndrome among children with CHD.

Methods and Results
Data sources were the Canadian CHD database, a nationwide database on CHD (1999–2017), and the CCR (Canadian Cancer Registry). Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for comparing HC incidences in children with CHD with the general pediatric population. A modified Kaplan‐Meier curve was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of HC with death as a competing risk. A total of 143 794 children (aged 0–17 years) with CHD were followed up from birth to age 18 years for 1 314 603 person‐years. Of them, 8.6% had genetic syndromes, and 898 HC cases were observed. Children with known syndromes had a substantially higher risk of incident HC than the general pediatric population (standardized incidence ratio, 13.4 [95% CI, 11.7–15.1]). The cumulative incidence of HC was 2.44% (95% CI, 2.11–2.76) among children with a syndrome and 0.79% (95% CI, 0.72–0.87) among children without a syndrome. Acute myeloid leukemia had a higher cumulative incidence during early childhood than acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Conclusions
This is the first large population‐based analysis documenting that known genetic syndromes in children with CHD are a significant predictor of HC. The finding could be essential in informing risk‐stratified policy recommendations for cancer surveillance in children with CHD.
Development and Validation of a Bayesian Network‐Based Model for Predicting Coronary Heart Disease Risk From Electronic Health Records
Authors: Suo Xiaowen , Huang Xiaocheng , Zhong Lu , Luo Qingxin , Ding Lijie , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: December 2023

Background
Traditional risk evaluation models have been applied to guide public health and clinical practice in various studies. However, the application of existing methods to data sets with missing and censored data, as is often the case in electronic health records, requires additional considerations. We aimed to develop and validate a predictive model that exhibits high performance with data sets that contain missing and censored data.

Methods and Results
This is a retrospective cohort study of coronary heart disease at Weihai Municipal Hospital on unique patients aged 18 to 96 years between 2013 and 2021. A total of 169 692 participants formed our study population, of which 10 895 participants were diagnosed with coronary heart disease. Models were built for the risk of coronary heart disease based on demographic, laboratory, and medical history variables. All complete samples were assigned to the training set (n=110 325), whereas the remaining samples were assigned to the validation set (n=59 367). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.800 (95% CI, 0.794–0.805), and the C statistic was 0.796 (95% CI, 0.791–0.801) in the derivation cohort, and the corresponding values were 0.837 (95% CI, 0.821–0.853) and 0.838 (95% CI, 0.822–0.854) in the validation cohort. The calibration curve demonstrated its good calibration ability, and decision curve analysis showed its clinical usefulness.

Conclusions
Our proposed risk prediction model has demonstrated significant effectiveness in handling the complexities of electronic health record data, which often involve extensive missing data and censoring. This approach may offer potential assistance in the use of electronic health records to enhance patient outcomes.
Cardiovascular Toxicity of Angiogenesis Inhibitors Among Patients With Cancer in Taiwan: A Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chou , Huang Chun‐Yao , Lien Li‐Ming , Chen Jin‐Hua , Hsieh Fang‐I 
Published: December 2023

Background
Research on the cardiovascular toxicity of angiogenesis inhibitors among patients with cancer in Taiwan is lacking. This observational study explored the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) associated with angiogenesis inhibitors in Taiwan.

Methods and Results
We conducted a nested case‐control study using the TCR (Taiwan Cancer Registry) linked with the Taiwan National Insurance Claim Database. We matched every case with 4 controls using risk‐set sampling by index date, age, sex, cancer type, and cancer diagnosis date. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risks of MACEs and different cardiovascular events using propensity score adjustment or matching. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the risks matched by cancer stages or exposure within 1 year. Among a cohort of 284 292 after the exclusion of prevalent cases, the incidences of MACEs among the overall cohort and those exposed to angiogenesis inhibitors were 22.5 and 32.5 events per 1000 person‐years, respectively. We matched 17 817 cases with 70 740 controls, with a mean age of 74.9 years, and 56.8% of patients were men. After propensity score adjustment, angiogenesis inhibitors were associated with increased risks of MACEs (odds ratio, 4.56; 95% CI, 1.78–11.59). Significantly increased risks were noted for heart failure hospitalization, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and venous thromboembolism, but not for new‐onset atrial fibrillation. Similar results were observed after matching by cancer stage or restriction of 1‐year exposure.

Conclusions
Angiogenesis inhibitors were associated with increased risks of MACEs among patients with various malignancies in Taiwan but were not associated with new‐onset atrial fibrillation.
Effect of Asymptomatic Common Carotid Artery Dissection on the Prognosis of Patients With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Jia Songhao , Wang Maozhou , Liu Yuyong , Gong Ming , Jiang Wenjian , Zhang Hongjia 
Published: December 2023

Background
Acute type A aortic dissection can extend upwards to involve the common carotid artery. However, whether asymptomatic common carotid artery dissection (CCAD) requires surgical repair remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the effect of asymptomatic CCAD without surgical intervention on the prognosis of patients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection.

Methods and Results

Between January 2015 and December 2017, 485 patients with no neurological symptoms who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the exposure factor of CCAD. CCAD was detected in 111 patients (22.9%), and after adjusting baseline data (standardized mean difference <0.1), the 30‐day mortality (17.1% versus 6.0%,
P
<0.001) and incidence of fatal stroke (7.7% versus 1.6%,
P
=0.001) were significantly higher in the group with CCAD. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses found CCAD as an independent risk factor for 30‐day mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8 [95% CI, 1.5–5.2];
P
=0.001). At a median follow‐up of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 5.6–6.9 years), landmark analysis with a cutoff value of 1 month postoperatively showed a significant increase in mortality in the group with CCAD, especially in the first month (log‐rank
P
=0.002) and no significant difference in survival after the first month postoperatively between the 2 groups (log‐rank
P
=0.955).

Conclusions
Asymptomatic CCAD increased the risk of early fatal stroke and death in patients with acute type A aortic dissection after surgery but did not affect midterm survival in patients who survived the early postoperative period.
Incidence and Long‐Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Survivors of Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Ho Andrew Fu Wah , Zheng Huili , Ng Zi Hui Celeste , Pek Pin Pin , Ng Benny Jun Heng , Chin Yip Han , Lam Timothy Jia Rong , Østbye Truls , Tromp Jasper , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Yeo Jun Wei , Arulanandam Shalini 
Published: December 2023

Background
Despite the increasing long‐term survival after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, and long‐term outcomes of AMI among survivors of OHCA.

Methods and Results
We assembled a retrospective cohort of 882 patients with OHCA who survived to 30 days or discharge from the hospital between 2010 and 2019. Survivors of OHCA had an increased risk of subsequent AMI, defined as AMI occurring 30 days after index OHCA or following discharge from the hospital after OHCA, compared with the general population when matched for age and sex (standardized incidence ratio, 4.64 [95% CI, 3.52–6.01]). Age‐specific risks of subsequent AMI for men (standardized incidence ratio, 3.29 [95% CI, 2.39–4.42]) and women (standardized incidence ratio, 6.15 [95% CI, 3.27–10.52]) were significantly increased. A total of 7.2%, 8.3%, and 14.3% of survivors of OHCA had a subsequent AMI at 3 years, 5 years, and end of follow‐up, respectively. Age at OHCA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02–1.06]) and past medical history of prior AMI, defined as any AMI preceding or during the index OHCA event (HR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.05–3.22]), were associated with subsequent AMI, while an initial shockable rhythm was not (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.52–1.94]). Survivors of OHCA with subsequent AMI had a higher risk of death (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12–2.22]) than those without.

Conclusions
Survivors of OHCA are at an increased risk of subsequent AMI compared with the general population. Prior AMI, but not an initial shockable rhythm, increases this risk, while subsequent AMI predicts death. Preventive measures for AMI including cardiovascular risk factor control and revascularization may thus improve outcomes in selected patients with cardiac pathogenesis.