bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved recognition of lung function decline as signal of cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation: a Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network Innovation Laboratory quality improvement initiative
Authors: List Rhonda , Solomon George , Bichl Stacy , Horton Bethany Jablonski , Shen Shiyi , Corcoran Bean , Sadeghi Hossein , Britto Maria T , Ren Clement , Albon Dana 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) is a systemic autosomal recessive condition characterised by progressive lung disease. CF pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are episodes of worsening respiratory status, and frequent PEx are a risk factor for accelerated lung function decline, yet many people with CF (PwCF) go untreated at the time of decline. The goal of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to improve recognition, treatment and follow-up of PEx in PwCF.MethodsUsing the Model for Improvement, the Cystic Fibrosis Learning Network (CFLN) initiated a QI innovation laboratory (iLab) with a global aim to decrease the rate of lung function decline in PwCF. The iLab standardised definitions for signals of PEx using a threshold for decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and/or changes in symptoms. The FEV1decline signal was termed FIES (FEV1-indicated exacerbation signal). Processes for screening and recognition of FIES and/or symptom changes, a treatment algorithm and follow-up in the presence of a signal were tested concurrently in multiple settings.Specific aimsThe specific aim is to increase the per cent of PwCF assessed for a PEx signal at ambulatory encounters and to increase the per cent of recommendations to follow-up within 6 weeks for PwCF experiencing a PEx signal.ResultsFIES recognition increased from 18.6% to 73.4% across all teams during the iLab, and every team showed an improvement. Of PwCF assessed, 15.8% experienced an FIES event (>10% decline in FEV1per cent predicted (FEV1pp)). Follow-up within 6 weeks was recommended for an average of 70.5% of those assessed for FIES and had an FEV1pp decline greater than 5%.ConclusionThe CFLN iLab successfully defined and implemented a process to recognise and follow-up PEx signals. This process has the potential to be spread to the larger CF community. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of these processes on PwCF outcomes.
The Military Role of the Bedouin Woman in the Arabian Peninsula (al-ʿUṭafa & al-ʿAmmāriyya as an Example) in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Alshamarri Khalif ibn Sqeer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper studies one of the important roles in the military history of women in the Arabian Peninsula during the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. Attention is given to the linguistic and historical analysis of al-ʿuṭafa and al-ʿammāriyya and the distinction between them and the conditions that need to be satisfied by the young woman rider chosen to be an ʿuṭafa or an ʿammāriyya. The names of some of those women who participated in tribal wars, attacks, and major battles are given as well as their tribal affiliations within the ranks of the armies of the states and amirates of the Arabian Peninsula. Mention is made of her tasks and the duties assigned to her and her fate on the field of battle and the different historical stages of this phenomenon and its subsequent disappearance among the tribes are also considered.
The Weather–Climate Schism
Authors: Randall David A. , Emanuel Kerry 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The atmospheric science community includes both weather and climate scientists. These two groups interact much less than they should, particularly in the United States. The schism is widespread and has persisted for 50 years or more. It is found in academic departments, laboratories, professional societies, and even funding agencies. Mending the schism would promote better, faster science. We sketch the history of the schism and suggest ways to make our community whole.
Screen Time and Socioemotional and Behavioural Difficulties Among Indigenous Children in Canada: Temps d'écran et difficultés socio-émotionnelles et comportementales chez les enfants autochtones du Canada
Authors: Owais Sawayra , Ospina Maria B. , Ford Camron , Hill Troy , Savoy Calan D. , Van Lieshout Ryan 
Published: December 2023

Objectives To describe screen time levels and determine their association with socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among preschool-aged First Nations, Métis, and Inuit children. Method Data were taken from the Aboriginal Children's Survey, a nationally representative survey of 2–5-year-old Indigenous children in Canada. Socioemotional and behavioural difficulties were defined using parent/guardian reports on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for First Nations, Métis, and Inuit participants, and statistically adjusted for child age, child sex, and parent/guardian education. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.002 to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results Of these 2–5-year-old children ( mean [ M] = 3.57 years) 3,085 were First Nations (53.5%), 2,430 Métis (39.2%), and 990 Inuit (7.3%). Screen time exposure was high among First Nations ( M = 2 h and 58 min/day, standard deviation [ SD] = 1.89), Métis ( M = 2 h and 50 min [ SD = 1.83]), and Inuit children ( M = 3 h and 25 min [ SD = 2.20]), with 79.7% exceeding recommended guidelines (>1 h/day). After adjusting for confounders, screen time was associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations (total difficulties β = 0.15 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.19]) and Métis ( β = 0.16 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.20]) but not Inuit children ( β = 0.12 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.23]). Conclusions Screen time exposure is high among Indigenous children in Canada, and is associated with more socioemotional and behavioural difficulties among First Nations and Métis children. Contributing factors could include enduring colonialism that resulted in family dissolution, lack of positive parental role models, and disproportionate socioeconomic disadvantage. Predictors of poor well-being should continue to be identified to develop targets for intervention to optimize the health and development of Indigenous children.
Scene construction ability in neurotypical and autistic adults
Authors: Smith Marchella , Cameron Lindsey , Ferguson Heather J 
Published: December 2023

People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties mentally simulating events, perhaps due to a difficulty mentally generating and maintaining a coherent spatial scene – that is, ‘scene construction’. The current study compared scene construction ability between autistic adults ( N = 55) and age-, gender- and Intelligence Quotient-matched neurotypical adults ( N = 63), using a task in which participants were asked to vividly imagine and describe fictitious scenes. Results showed that scene construction was diminished in autistic compared to neurotypical participants and was negatively associated with autistic traits. ASC diagnosis did not influence the frequency of self-reference or sensory experiences, which followed the same pattern in both groups: sight was referenced more than sound, sound was referenced more than both touch and smell, which were both referenced more than taste. Exploratory analysis of some of the cognitive predictors revealed that scene construction ability was associated with individual differences in Theory of Mind and alexithymia. Lay Abstract People with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) have difficulties imagining events, which might result from difficulty mentally generating and maintaining a coherent spatial scene. This study compared this scene construction ability between autistic ( N = 55) and neurotypical ( N = 63) adults. Results showed that scene construction was diminished in autistic compared to neurotypical participants, and participants with fewer autistic traits had better scene construction ability. ASC diagnosis did not influence the frequency of mentions of the self or of sensory experiences. Exploratory analysis suggests that scene construction ability is associated with the ability to understand our own and other people’s mental states, and that these individual-level preferences/cognitive styles can overrule typical group-level characteristics.
Pediatric transplant–associated thrombotic microangiopathy health care utilization and implications of eculizumab therapy
Authors: Schoettler Michelle L. , Lehmann Leslie , Kao Pei-Chi , Chen Nan , Jodele Sonata , Chonat Satheesh , Williams Kirsten M. , London Wendy B. , Duncan Christine , Dandoy Christopher 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The health care use (HCU) burden of transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) and its treatments are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate inpatient costs associated with meeting criteria for TA-TMA in the first year after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). This institutional review board–approved retrospective multicenter study included serial children who underwent HCT from 1 January 2015 to 1 July 2019. A standardized unit cost (adjusted for geographic location, differences in cost of living, and inflation) for inpatient hospitalization was extracted from the Pediatric Health Information System data and linked to clinical data. Both total cost and cost per day from 15 days before stem cell infusion to 1-year after HCT were calculated. Among allogeneic (allo) transplant recipients, after adjusting for severe grade 3/4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infections, and HLA mismatch, costs were not different in TA-TMA (n = 137) vs no TA-TMA (n = 238). Severe GVHD was significantly associated with increased costs. Among allo high-risk (HR) TMA-TMA, unadjusted costs were significantly higher in the eculizumab-treated cohort (n = 19) than in the supportive care group (n = 36). However, after adjusting for gastrointestinal bleeding that occurred disproportionately in the eculizumab (n = 6) vs supportive care (n = 0) cohort, eculizumab treatment was not associated with increased total costs. More studies are needed to determine the etiology of increased HCU costs in those with HR-TA-TMA and predict those more likely to benefit from eculizumab, reducing HCU and improving outcomes.
Influence of maxillary molar distalization with clear aligners on three-dimensional direction: molar distal movement, intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque
Authors: Miao Zeyao , Zhang Haijuan , Yang Yuxuan , Han Yandong , Leng Jing , Wang Shuang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distal movement, vertical movement, distal tipping and crown buccal torque of maxillary molars after the completion of distalization by comparing the predicted movement with the achieved movement using palatal rugae registration.

Methods
The study included 22 clear aligner patients (7 males and 15 females), and 79 molars were measured. Two digital models were generated before treatment and after molar distalization and were superimposed after selecting the palatal rugae area for registration in GOM inspect suite software 2022 (GOM; Braunschweig, Germany). The predicted and achieved movements of molar distalization, intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque were measured and compared.

Result
The achieved distalization (1.25 ± 0.79 mm vs. 2.17 ± 1.03 mm, P < 0.001; 1.41 ± 1.00 mm vs. 2.66 ± 1.15 mm, P < 0.001), intrusion (0.47 ± 0.41 mm vs. 0.18 ± 0.54 mm, P < 0.01; 0.58 ± 0.65 mm vs. 0.10 ± 1.12 mm, P < 0.01), distal tip (5.30 ± 4.56° vs. 1.53 ± 2.55°, P < 0.001; 4.87 ± 4.50° vs. − 1.95 ± 4.32°, P < 0.001) and crown buccal torque (1.95 ± 4.18° vs. − 1.15 ± 4.75°, P < 0.001; 0.43 ± 4.39° vs. − 4.27 ± 6.42°, P < 0.001) were significantly different from the predicted values in the two groups (first molar, second molar). Significant regression relationships were found between the achieved distal movement and deviational intrusion (R2 = 0.203, P < 0.0001), distal tip (R2 = 0.133, P < 0.001) and crown buccal torque (R2 = 0.067, P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the deviational movements of intrusion and the distal tip (R = 0.555, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Approximately 2 mm maxillary molar distalization was achieved in this study. Deviational movement of intrusion, distal tip and crown buccal torque beyond the clear aligner virtual design appeared to a certain degree after distalization. Thus, more attention should be given to molar intrusion and distal tip and crown buccal torque as the designed distalization increases.
Temporary and highly variable recovery of neuromuscular dysfunction by electrical stimulation in the follow-up of acute critical illness neuromyopathy: a pilot study
Authors: Sekhniashvili Madona , Baum Petra , Toyka Klaus V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
In sepsis-associated critical illness neuromyopathy (CIPNM) serial electrical stimulation of motor nerves induces a short-lived temporary recovery of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) termed facilitation phenomenon (FP). This technique is different from other stimulation techniques published. The identification of FP suggests a major functional component in acute CIPNM.

Methods
From our previous study cohort of 18 intensive care unit patients with sepsis associated CIPNM showing profound muscle weakness and low or missing CMAPs on nerve conduction studies, six patients with different severity could be followed. In a pilot sub-study we analyzed the variability of FP during follow up. Over up to 6 weeks we performed 2–6 nerve conduction studies with our novel stimulation paradigm. Motor nerves were stimulated at 0.2–0.5 Hz with 60–100 mA at 0.2–0.5 ms duration, and CMAP responses were recorded. Standard motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV) could be done when utilizing facilitated CMAPs. Needle electromyography was checked once for spontaneous activity to discover potential denervation and muscle fiber degeneration. Serum electrolytes were checked before any examination and corrected if abnormal.

Results
In all six patients a striking variability in the magnitude and pattern of FP could be observed at each examination in the same and in different motor nerves over time. With the first stimulus most CMAPs were below 0.1 mV or absent. With slow serial pulses CMAPs could gradually recover with normal shape and near normal amplitudes. With facilitated CMAPs NCV measurements revealed low normal values. With improvement of muscle weakness subsequent tests revealed larger first CMAP amplitudes and smaller magnitudes of FP. Needle EMG showed occasional spontaneous activity in the tibialis anterior muscle.

Conclusion
In this pilot study striking variability and magnitude of FP during follow-up was a reproducible feature indicating major fluctuations of neuromuscular excitability that may improve during follow-up. FP can be assessed by generally available electrophysiological techniques, even before patients could be tested for muscle strength. Large scale prospective studies of the facilitation phenomenon in CIPNM with or without sepsis are needed to define diagnostic specificity and to better understand the still enigmatic pathophysiology.
Trial registration: This trial was registered at the Leipzig University Medical Center in 2021 after approval by the Ethics Committee.
Once-weekly Insulin Icodec Versus Once-daily Long-acting Insulin for Type II Diabetes: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Abuelazm Mohamed , Ibrahim Ahmed A , Khlidj Yehya , Badr Amr , Amin Ahmed Mazen , Elzeftawy Mohamad A , Gowaily Ibrahim , Elsaeidy Ahmed Saad , Abdelazeem Basel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Insulin icodec is a novel basal insulin analog with once-weekly subcutaneous administration. We aim to estimate the efficacy and safety of insulin icodec vs long-acting insulin (insulin glargine and degludec) in type II diabetic patients.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through May 29, 2023. We used RevMan V. 5.4 to pool dichotomous data using risk ratio (RR) and continuous data using mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Our primary outcome was glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) change.

Results
We included 7 RCTs with a total of 3183 patients. Insulin icodec was associated with significantly decreased HbA1C (MD: −0.15 with 95% CI [−0.24, −0.06], P = .002) and increased percentage of time with glucose in range (TIR) (MD: 4.06 with 95% CI [2.06, 6.06], P = .0001). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased body weight (MD: 0.57 with 95% CI [0.45, 0.70], P = .00001). Also, there was no difference regarding any serious adverse events (AEs) (RR: 0.96 with 95% CI [0.76, 1.20], P = .7) or AEs leading to withdrawal (RR: 1.54 with 95% CI [0.84, 2.82], P = .16). However, insulin icodec was associated with increased any AEs incidence (RR: 1.06 with 95% CI [1.01, 1.12], P = .02).

Conclusion
Insulin icodec was associated with decreased HbA1C, increased TIR, with similar hypoglycemic and serious AEs. However, it was also associated with increased body weight and the incidence of any AEs.
Negative Language and Apophatic Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century Fantastic Literature
Authors: Bulla Irene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the rhetoric of nineteenth-century fantastic fiction in order to situate the genre within the intellectual tradition of apophatic, or self-negating, discourse. Through a reading of Fitz-James O'Brien's “What Was It? A Mystery” (1859) and Ambrose Bierce's “The Damned Thing” (1893), two short stories that feature the same kind of supernatural phenomenon (a material ghost), the essay argues that apophasis can be used as a key to understand not only the rhetorical fabric of the fantastic genre but also its tropes and themes and its larger epistemological preoccupations.
The Madhouse
Authors: Fleishman Ian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis essay theorizes an addiction to ecological anxiety that is characteristic of cultural reactions to climate change and made especially palpable in a time of pandemic. Borrowing from J. M. Coetzee’s identification in Franz Kafka of an epistemology of ever-evolving crisis, the essay surveys the growing corpus of scholarship on the Anthropocene, and, in particular, of quarantine writing, to examine the viral nature of first-person accounts of the ecocatastrophic, revealing a perpetual subjunctivity resistant to the ontological prioritization of the actual over the virtual. While such symptomatic thinking might seem to fulfill a psychologically inoculative function against impending catastrophe, the essay contends that it ultimately becomes a kind of autoimmune disorder: a prophetically self-fulfilling panic that makes it increasingly difficult to fathom, let alone to take action against, our current ecological and political crises.
A Salafi Pioneer of Saudi Anti-Communism
Authors: Bushra Mohammed El-Sayed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Scholarship on Saudi involvement in the Cold War emphasizes key developments under King Faisal. This article demonstrates the merits of extending the study of the Saudi role in the Cold War to earlier periods. Examining the career of a little-discussed migrant scholar both prior to and in the early years of the Cold War reveals important precedents that shed light on Saudi Arabia's strategic policy at the height of the Cold War. Barely remembered as the Saudi author of a Salafi da‘wa pamphlet, Muhammad Sultan al-Ma‘sumi al-Khujandi's (1880–1961) legacy stands as testament to the fluidity of reformist Islamic discourses in the early twentieth century. Al-Khujandi's biography is first established before subjecting two aspects of his legacy to closer analysis. First, his authorship of some of the earliest examples of Muslim anti-communist literature in Arabic, providing templates widely replicated during the Cold War. Second, the abortive attempt to instrumentalize his stature in the service of state-legitimation by drawing on preexisting cosmopolitanisms. Though his overzealous commitment to “puritan” Salafism initially curtailed this potential, it soon proved key in his redeployment as an asset in the earliest Saudi experiments in Cold War pan-Islamic solidarity, establishing another template much replicated during the Cold War.
Two Chinas, Two Chinese Islams?
Authors: Chen John 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMuslim leaders in China experienced political and social fracture and intellectual reorientation as a result of the Chinese Civil War (1945–49) and the early Cold War. Influential Chinese Muslim and Uyghur imams and officials who were once allies and friends found themselves on opposite sides of several conflicts: the bitter struggle between Nationalists (KMT) and Communists (CCP), the formation of opposing states on the mainland and Taiwan, and the broader US-Soviet rivalry. The first section of this article shows how Muslims from China catalyzed multiple inter-Asian linkages in the early Cold War. The second and third sections explore the intellectual impact of the Chinese Civil War and Cold War on discourses of Chinese Muslim identity and inter-Asian connections, focusing on ethnicization and racialization.
Global Revolution Starts with Palestine
Authors: Randall Jeremy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article examines the development and history of the alliance between the Japanese Red Army (JRA) and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). It draws upon Arabic and Japanese sources such as memoirs like those penned by JRA leader Shigenobu Fusako, the 1971 propaganda film Sekigun PFLP sekai sensō sengen (Red Army/PFLP: Declaration of World War), statements by the PFLP and the JRA, and interviews conducted by the media with members of the JRA. The article traces the development of the JRA's ideology, how it came to view Palestine as the center of global revolution, and the logics underpinning the need for direct action by its members for the liberation of Palestine. The JRA's militancy represented a hitherto unseen aspect of support for Palestine rooted in anti-imperialism, anti-colonialism, and anti-capitalism outside the strictures of mainstream leftist action.