bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulated‐temperature differential scanning calorimetry study of temperature‐induced mixing and demixing in poly(vinylmethylether)/water
Authors: Swier Steven , Van Durme Kurt , Van Mele Bruno 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe heat capacity or reversing heat flow signal from modulated‐temperature differential scanning calorimetry can be used to measure the onset of phase separation in a poly(vinylmethylether)/water mixture, clearly showing the special type III lower critical solution temperature demixing behavior. Characteristic of this demixing behavior is a three‐phase region, which is detected in the nonreversing heat flow signal. Stepwise quasi‐isothermal measurements through the phase transition show large excess contributions in the (apparent) heat capacity signal, caused by demixing/remixing heat effects on the timescale of the modulation (fast process). These excess contributions and their time‐dependent evolutions (slow process) are useful in understanding the kinetics of phase separation and the morphology (interphase) development. Care has to be taken, however, in interpreting the heat capacity signal derived from the amplitude of the modulated heat flow because nonlinear effects lead to the occurrence of higher harmonics. Therefore, the raw heat flow signal for quasi‐isothermal demixing and remixing measurements is also examined in the time domain. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1824–1836, 2003
Fourier transform infrared studies of ionic interactions in perfluorinated acid copolymer blends
Authors: Tannenbaum R. , Rajagopalan M. , Eisenberg A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIonic interactions have been shown to enhance polymer–polymer miscibility in several highly dissimilar blend systems. In some cases, the miscibility is due to proton transfer from an acidic site on one polymer to a basic site on another, which leads to ion–ion interactions. Studies that have focused on the formation of ionomer blends from highly dissimilar materials, such as fluorocarbons and hydrocarbons or aromatics and aliphatics of widely differing glass transitions, have shown that in the absence of ionic interactions, these materials are immiscible. In this study, we have used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques, both qualitatively and semiquantitatively, to evaluate the extent of the proton‐transfer mechanism in the enhancement of miscibility in perfluorinated acid copolymer/poly(ethyl acrylate) blends. The perfluorinated acid copolymer contains sulfonic acid groups, whereas the poly(ethyl acrylate) has been modified by the introduction of various amounts of 4‐vinyl pyridine groups as comonomers in the polymer chains. The proton‐transfer mechanism in this case consists of the transfer of the proton on the sulfonic acid group to the nitrogen on the pyridine group, forming a pyridinium cation and a sulfonate anion pair. FTIR has been used to distinguish between the pyridine and pyridinium groups through their absorption bands at 1416 and 1642 cm−1, respectively. The relative intensities of these bands, as a function of the molar concentration of the pyridine comonomers in the blend, provides a direct quantitative indication of the extent of proton transfer occurring in the system. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1814–1823, 2003
Taking away the fear: A grounded theory study of cooperative care in the treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: McLane Lani , Jones Katherine , Lydiatt William , Lydiatt Daniel , Richards Alan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCooperative care is a relatively new treatment model that seeks to improve quality, conserve resources, and manage chronic conditions by providing patient and carepartner education in a homelike setting. Support from health care professionals is immediately available as patients and carepartners learn the skills needed to manage a disease and its treatment. This study sought to describe the effect of cooperative care on the treatment of head and neck cancer. Grounded theory methodology and focused interviews of 21 participants were used to answer three research questions: (1) Do the patients, carepartners, and providers involved in cooperative care perceive the potential psychosocial and self‐care benefits? (2) How does the cooperative care treatment model affect the achievement of self‐care for patients with surgical treatment of head and neck cancer? (3) What are appropriate theories regarding the benefits of cooperative care in the treatment of head and neck cancer that can be tested with quantitative methods? Results indicate that providers perceived cooperative care as a time‐consuming process that resulted in less anxious, more communicative patients who required fewer post‐discharge resources. Patients and carepartners perceived cooperative care as an experience that took away their fear by providing self‐care education within a caring community. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do sociodemographic and disease‐related variables influence benefit‐finding in cancer patients?
Authors: Lechner Suzanne C. , Zakowski Sandra G. , Antoni Michael H. , Greenhawt Michael , Block Keith , Block Penny 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis study examined patients' perceptions that having cancer led to positive life changes, or benefit‐finding (BF), e.g. improved relationships, enhanced appreciation of life, increased resilience and self‐reliance. We investigated the relations between BF, sociodemographic (e.g. gender, age, marital status, education, income) and disease‐related variables (e.g. severity of disease or cancer stage, time since diagnosis). The sample was comprised of 83 men and women with various types of cancer, and all 4 stages of disease were represented. Participants were most likely to be Caucasian (90%), married (66%) and well‐educated (68% partial college/specialized training). Of the demographic variables investigated, younger age was associated with greater BF scores. As hypothesized, BF also differed by stage of disease in a curvilinear fashion. Individuals with stage II disease had significantly higher BF scores than those with Stage IV or Stage I cancer. Time since diagnosis and treatment status (i.e. currently in treatment, completed treatment, no treatment) were not related to BF. Findings suggest that stage of disease is an important factor to consider when investigating positive perceptions of disease in individuals with cancer. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammatory pulmonary nodules in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Freeman Alexandra F. , Crawford Susan E. , Finn Laura S. , López‐Andreu Juan A. , Ferrando‐Monleón Susana , Pérez‐Tamarit Desamparados , Cornwall Mona L. , Shulman Stanford T. , Rowley Anne H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSymptomatic pulmonary manifestations of Kawasaki disease (KD) are uncommon. However, epidemiologic, radiologic, and histologic studies have indicated that respiratory symptoms and findings occur in KD and suggest that the KD agent may have a respiratory portal of entry. We report on three young infants with KD who developed pulmonary nodules, in addition to coronary artery aneurysms. Two patients had pathologic specimens available, one from biopsy and the other from autopsy. The nodules had predominantly mononuclear cell infiltrates, which were within the lung parenchyma and infiltrating vessel walls. Immunohistochemical studies of the nodules, using antibodies to common leukocyte antigen (LCA) and factor VIII‐related antigen, confirmed the inflammatory nature of the lesions and showed capillary proliferation. IgA plasma‐cell infiltration was observed in the nodule, consistent with previous KD findings of IgA plasma‐cell infiltration in the vessel walls, kidneys, pancreas, and upper respiratory tract. The two patients with nonfatal KD were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin, with resolution of the nodules. We propose that when pulmonary involvement occurs in KD, it ranges from subclinical interstitial micronodular infiltrates to larger inflammatory pulmonary nodules. These pulmonary infiltrates and nodules likely reflect the host response to the etiologic agent of KD, and may resolve with the disease process. Recognition of this pulmonary complication of KD may enable cautious observation of such lesions for spontaneous resolution. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2003; 36:102–106. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
String interactions and discrete symmetries of the pp‐wave background
Authors: Chu C.‐S. , Petrini M. , Russo R. , Tanzini A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractFree string theory on the plane‐wave background displays a discrete Z2 symmetry exchanging the two transverse SO(4) groups. This symmetry should be respected also at the interacting level. We show that the zero mode structure proposed in hep‐th/0208148 can be completed to a full kinematical vertex, contrary to claims appeared in the previous literature. We also comment on the relation with recent works on the string‐bit formalism and on the comparison with the field theory side of the correspondence.
Extra dimensions and non‐linear equations
Authors: Fairlie D.B. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt is shown how integrable non‐linear equations of hydrodynamic type, which arise as continuations of Dirac‐Born‐Infeld equations to the case where the target space is of lower dimension than the base space, are associated with linear diffusion equations in a space of double the number of space co‐ordinates.
Intersecting branes, defect conformal theories and tensionless strings
Authors: Constable N. , Erdmenger J. , Guralnik Z. , Kirsch I. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe defect conformal field theory describing intersecting D3‐branes at a
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathbb{C}^2 / \mathbb{Z}_k $\end{document} sorbifold is used to deconstruct the theory of intersecting M5‐branes, as well as M5‐branes wrapping the holomorphic curve xy = c. The possibility of a 't Hooft anomaly due to tensionless strings at the intersection is discussed.
Solving string field equations: new uses for old tools
Authors: Kling A. , Lechtenfeld O. , Popov A.D. , Uhlmann S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt is argued that the (NS‐sector) superstring field equations are integrable, i.e. their solutions are obtainable from linear equations. We adapt the 25‐year‐old solution‐generating “dressing” method and reduce the construction of nonperturbative superstring configurations to a specific cohomology problem. The application to vacuum superstring field theory is outlined.
𝒩 = 1 SUSY inspired Whitham prepotentials and WDVV
Authors: Mironov A. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThis brief review deals with prepotentials inspired by 𝒩 = 1 SUSY considerations due to Cachazo, Intrilligator, Vafa. These prepotentials associated with matrix models following Dijkgraaf and Vafa should be considered as given on an enlarged moduli space that includes Whitham times (couplings of the superpotential). This moduli space is nothing but the whole moduli space of (decorated) hyperelliptic curves. Corresponding prepotentials are logarithms of (quasiclassical) τ‐functions and satisfy the WDVV equations.
A recursive algorithm for fractional BPS multitrace fields of 𝒩 = 4 SYM4 from AdS/CFT
Authors: Leonhardt T. , Meziane A. , Rühl W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe present a recursive construction of k‐trace operators from k chiral primaries in the twenty dimensional SO(6) irrep, which are quasiprimary and have protected conformal dimensions. Use is made of the known perturbatively calculated four‐point function of these chiral primaries.
Boundaries, defects and Frobenius algebras
Authors: Fuchs J. , Runkel I. , Schweigert C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe interpretation of D‐branes in terms of open strings has lead to much interest in boundary conditions of two‐dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). These studies have deepened our understanding of CFT and allowed us to develop new computational tools. The construction of CFT correlators based on combining tools from topological field theory and non‐commutative algebra in tensor categories, which we summarize in this contribution, allows e.g. to discuss, apart from boundary conditions, also defect lines and disorder fields.
Angiotensin II and tubular development
Authors: Wolf Gunter 
Published: June 2003

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that angiotensin II (ANG II) plays an important role in the complex affair of renal organogenesis. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is up-regulated during renal development and in the perinatal period. On the other hand, inhibition of the RAS, for example by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, may produce specific renal abnormalities including abnormal renal vessels, failure to develop a renal pelvis and tubular atrophy associated with expansion of the interstitium. AT2 receptors are expressed abundantly during fetal development and are down-regulated markedly after birth, whereas the abundance of AT1 receptors increases as maturation proceeds. Mice with targeted deletions of genes for angiotensinogen or ACE revealed severe renal abnormalities. In contrast, AT1A, AT1B and AT2 receptor knockout animals exhibited milder abnormalities of the kidney. These findings suggest that AT1 and AT2 receptors are both involved in the development of the nephron, and that ANG II provides signals through both receptors. ANG II exerts in vitro growth-stimulatory effects on tubular cells. Moreover, ANG II induces synthesis of collagen type IV in tubular cells, a necessary prerequisite for successful basement membrane formation. These effects are mediated through AT1 receptors. Thus, it is feasible that blockade of the RAS during kidney organogenesis leads to a decrease in the growth factor ANG II that may be pivotal for tubular growth and differentiation. On the other hand, ANG II's growth-stimulatory effects through AT1 receptors may be counterbalanced by AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibition. Therefore, alterations in AT2 receptor signalling may alter the delicate balance between growth stimulation and inhibition, leading to alterations in tubular formation.
GROWTH RATES OF TOTAL VARIATIONS OF SNAPSHOTS OF THE 1D LINEAR WAVE EQUATION WITH COMPOSITE NONLINEAR BOUNDARY REFLECTION RELATIONS
Authors: HUANG YU 
Published: June 2003

The linear wave equation on an interval with a van der Pol nonlinear boundary condition at one end and an energy-pumping condition at the other end is a useful model for studying chaotic behavior in distributed parameter system. In this paper, we study the dynamics of the Riemann invariants (u, v) of the wave equation by means of the total variations of the snapshots on the spatial interval. Our main contributions here are the classification of the growth of total variations of the snapshots of u and v in long-time horizon, namely, there are three cases when a certain parameter enters a different regime: the growth(i) remains bounded;(ii) is unbounded (but nonexponential);(iii) is exponential,for a large class of initial conditions with finite total variations. In particular, case (iii) corresponds to the onset of chaos. The results here sharpen those in an earlier work [Chen et al., 2001].
Telephone triage by nurses in primary care: what is it for and what are the consequences likely to be?
Authors: Charles-Jones Huw , May Carl , Latimer Joanna , Roland Martin 
Published: June 2003

Objectives: To examine the perceptions that those working in primary care have about the purpose and impact that telephone triage by nurses may have on their clinical roles and identities. Methods: Twenty-six semi-structured interviews were carried out with general practitioners (GPs), practice nurses and practice managers from a purposive sample of nine practices in one health district in the North West of England. Analysis drew on the techniques of constant comparison and discourse analysis. Results: Four themes emerged from the data: justifying triage - the respondents justify the introduction of telephone triage by emphasising the managerial benefits of controlling access and by suggesting the benefits this may bring to the patient-clinician relationship; categorising patients - patients are categorised and allocated on the basis of their biomedical diagnoses to the nurses or GPs in the practice; changing roles and identities - the hierarchy of patients and conditions created by allocating patients in this way strengthens and extends the professional hierarchy within a practice; and achieving a balance between conflicting aims - there is tension between the managerial need to triage patients according to their biomedical diagnosis and the aspirations that health care professionals have to personal and patient-centred care. Conclusion: Telephone triage by nurses may be effective at managing patient access to GPs but the need to categorise patients according to biomedical and managerial criteria needs to be balanced against the professional roles and identities that those working in general practice aspire to.
Bayesian strategy assessment in multi‐attribute decision making
Authors: Bröder Arndt , Schiffer Stefanie 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBehavioral Decision Research on multi‐attribute decision making is plagued with the problem of drawing inferences from behavioral data on cognitive strategies. This bridging problem has been tackled by a range of methodical approaches, namely Structural Modeling (SM), Process Tracing (PT), and comparative model fitting. Whereas SM and PT have been criticized for a number of reasons, the comparative fitting approach has some theoretical advantages as long as the formal relation between theories and data is specified. A Bayesian method is developed that is able to assess, whether an empirical data vector was most likely generated by a ‘Take The Best’ heuristic (Gigerenzer et al., 1991), by an equal weight rule, or a compensatory strategy. Equations are derived for the two‐ and three‐alternative cases, respectively, and a simulation study supports its validity. The classification also showed convergent validity with Process Tracing measures in an experiment. Potential extensions of the general approach to other applications in behavioral decision research are discussed. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Remote Metal Binding Sites in Heteropolymolybdates
Authors: Marcoux Pierre R. , Hasenknopf Bernold , Vaissermann Jacqueline , Gouzerh Pierre 
Published: June 2003

AbstractAnderson‐type polyoxomolybdates [MMo6O18{(OCH2)3CNH2}2]3− (M = MnIII, FeIII) were prepared and structurally characterized. The tris(alkoxo) ligands are bound to the central heteroatom via their oxygen atoms. The corresponding compounds with M = NiII or ZnII are not accessible since these cations have a preference for the amino functionality. The pendant amino groups of the manganese‐containing derivative react with pyridinecarbaldehydes to give the corresponding imines. This provides new mono‐ and bidentate binding sites for metal cations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Performance and normative values of a concise neuropsychological test (CAMCOG) in an elderly population sample
Authors: Williams Joanna G. , Huppert Felicia A. , Matthews Fiona E. , Nickson Judith 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBackgroundCAMCOG is a widely used brief neuropsychological test. To date no normative values are available for English speaking individuals representative of the general population.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to describe the population distribution of performance on CAMCOG, and to provide normative data derived from a representative population sample.MethodsCAMCOG was administered at the assessment stage of the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. MRC CFAS is a multi‐centre population‐based study in England and Wales in respondents aged 65 years and older. Initial screening provided provisional identification of cognitive impairment. The subsequent assessment interview provided an algorithmic diagnosis of dementia, or other disorders, in a 20% sub‐sample.ResultsThere were large differences between demented and non‐demented groups on the CAMCOG total score and on all CAMCOG subscales. Charts of normative values for CAMCOG are presented by age group, sex and education for the non‐demented population (n = 1 914, representing 11 008 individuals screened).ConclusionsPopulation‐derived normative data are valuable for comparing an individual's score to the score which would be expected of the general population, given the individual's specific demographic characteristics. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychological performance in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: comparisons in a memory clinic population
Authors: Baillon Sarah , Muhommad Saquib , Marudkar Mangesh , Suribhatla Srinivas , Dennis Michael , Spreadbury Christine , Munro Dena , Lindesay James 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the performances of two matched groups of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) on a battery of neuropsychological tests.Methods325 patients attending a memory clinic were given a detailed multi‐disciplinary diagnostic assessment, including a battery of neuropsychological tests administered by a psychologist and a speech and language therapist. The performances of two groups of patients meeting ICD‐10 criteria for AD (n = 103) and VaD (n = 68) were compared, adjusting for age, gender, dementia severity and pre‐morbid IQ. Patients with co‐morbid depression and mixed AD+VaD were excluded.ResultsAfter adjustment, the AD and VaD groups differed significantly on the Graded Naming Test (VaD superior), AMIPB Complex Design immediate and delayed recall (VaD superior), the Trail Making Test error score (Part B) (VaD superior), and Verbal Picture Description (VaD superior).ConclusionsThese findings support previous evidence that language function and non‐verbal memory are selectively more impaired in AD. The better performance by VaD patients on the Trail Making Test (B) runs counter to previous suggestions that there is an excess of frontal executive dysfunction in this disorder. It may be that this test is more sensitive to the early impairment of concurrent manipulation of information in AD. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual cognitive impairment in late‐life depression after a 12‐month period follow‐up
Authors: Portella M. J. , Marcos T. , Rami L. , Navarro V. , Gastó C. , Salamero M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated cognitive impairment in late‐life depression in a follow‐up design. The main objective was to assess the most important cognitive domains implicated in late‐life depression, in patients who underwent pharmacological treatment, in the acute phase and twelve months after.MethodsNeuropsychological and clinical data were used from the baseline of patients and controls, to determine the cognitive impairment in the acute phase. Patients repeated the neuropsychological assessment at twelve months.ResultsThere were significant differences between patients and controls at baseline. But in the patients there was no change over twelve months. There were no differences between remitted and non‐remitted patients on neuropsychological scores.ConclusionsThe cognitive impairment seen in the elderly depressed patients seems to be a trait characteristic of this mental disease, even when the depressive episode has remitted. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.