bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN THE HUMAN RENIN‐ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM FOLLOWING THERAPEUTIC TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Broughton Pipkin F. , Oats J. J. N. , Hunter J. C. , Craven D. J. , Symonds E. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma renin and angiotensin II levels were measured in nine patients immediately before and at half‐hourly intervals in the four hours following therapeutic termination of pregnancy. There was a small fall in renin and angiotensin II levels over the first 1 to 2 hours, followed by a slight increase. The magnitude of these effects was much smaller than those previously seen following normal delivery. It is concluded that in early pregnancy maternal, rather than feto‐placental, factors are controlling the renin‐angiotensin system.
PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL MATERNAL LEUCOCYTE ASCORBIC ACID CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Moore M. R. , Rohatgi Sharadini , Low R. A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryLeucocyte ascorbic acid was measured in 79 pregnant women in the 34th to 38th week of gestation and on the first, and third or fifth days post partum. No differences were found for time of year or age of the subjects. There was a significantly lower vitamin C status in social classes IV and V. The leucocyte ascorbic acid concentration fell significantly on the first day post partum and rose again to initial values by the fifth day. In late pregnancy 40 per cent of all subjects had leucocyte ascorbic acid concentrations less than the lower limit of normal (100 nmol/l08 leucocytes). This rose to 75 per cent on the first day post partum.
EFFECT OF INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICE ON UTERINE HAEMOSTASIS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Aparicio S. R. , Bradbury K. , Bird C. C. , Foley M. E. , Jenkins D. M. , Clayton J. K. , Scott J. S. , Rajah S. M. , Mcnicol G. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe effect of the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) on uterine haemostasis was studied at various stages of the menstrual cycle in a series of 46 patients by light‐ and electron‐microscopy and by following the distribution of an infusion of 51Cr‐labelled autologous platelets. The endometrium in contact with the IUCD in the majority of cases showed grooving with atrophy and mild chronic inflammation in the surrounding tissues. The adjacent stroma also showed increased vascularity and occasional foci of haemorrhage but the increased blood loss associated with the presence of the IUCD could not be attributed to mechanical erosion or disruption of stromal blood vessels by the device. During menstruation the presence of an IUCD does not appear to inhibit the formation of fibrin/platelet thrombi although both in control and IUCD patients there was a striking paucity of platelet/fibrin thrombi in circumstances where their formation should be enhanced. In contrast to other workers we have not observed that gaps or breaks in the endothelial lining of endometrial blood vessels occur with any greater frequency in patients fitted with an IUCD. The principal mechanism by which uterine haemostasis is achieved remains to be established.
RESULTS OF THE COLPOSUSPENSION OPERATION FOR INCONTINENCE AND PROLAPSE
Authors: Stanton S. L. , Cardozo Linda D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryOne hundred and eighty female patients complaining of Stress incontinence were treated by a modified Burch colposuspension. Follow‐up results were available at six months in 146 patients, at one year in 88 patients and at two years in 43 patients. The overall objective cure for stress incontinence was 87 per cent at six months, 87.5 per cent at one year and 86 per cent at two years. No relationship was found between the cure of incontinence and either the time taken to resume spontaneous voiding after surgery or concomitant hysterectomy. Cystourethrocele was effectively corrected by this procedure.
PREGNANCIES IN WOMEN WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA: CLINICAL COURSE AND OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS OF 41 PREGNANCIES IN 27 WOMEN
Authors: Kelly W. F. , Doyle F. H. , Mashiter K. , Banks L. M. , Gordon H. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryObservations are reported on 41 pregnancies in 27 patients who initially had infertility and raised serum prolactin concentrations. Associated symptoms were secondary amenorrhoea (81 per cent) and galactorrhoea (81 per cent). All patients were at risk of pituitary expansion during pregnancy, especially these 19 (70 per cent) with radiological evidence of pituitary tumours. Fifteen patients had 21 pregnancies after pituitary implantation with 90yttrium; 14 patients had 20 pregnancies without prior pituitary implantation or any other attempt to prevent tumour expansion. During pregnancies, tumour enlargement as shown by diminished visual acuity, visual field defects, severe headaches, diabetes insipidus and radiological changes occurred only in 3 of the 14 patients who had not had implants. Two patients who became pregnant both before and after pituitary implantation suffered tumour expansion in their pregnancies before implantation, but not when pregnant after the operation. The induction and Caesarean section rates were about 30 per cent in 32 term pregnancies in 25 patients. Details of how pregnancy was achieved and the associated obstetric problems are given.
DOUBLE BLIND TRIAL OF RITODRINE AND PLACEBO IN TWIN PREGNANCY
Authors: O'Connor M. C. , Murphy H. , Dalrymple I. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a double blind trial, 25 patients with twin pregnancy were given 40 mg of ritodrine hydrochloride by mouth daily and 24 similar patients received a placebo. The ritodrine group had no significant prolongation of pregnancy nor increase in birth weight, and a high incidence of side effects occurred.
ABORTION ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAUTERINE INFECTION BY CANDIDA ALBICANS CASE REPORT
Authors: Buchanan R. , Sworn M. J. , Noble A. D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA 27‐year‐old patient who became pregnant whilst fitted with an intrauterine contraceptive device developed an intrauterine Candida albicans infection and aborted. The diagnostic (and other inconspicuous) features of C. Albicans infection in the fetus are described. The presence of the intrauterine contraceptive device may have predisposed to the establishment of the infection.
RETROPERITONEAL SARCOMAS OBSTRUCTING DELIVERY TWO CASE REPORTS
Authors: Foruhan B. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo patients with abnormal fetal lies underwent elective Caesarean section. Both abnormal lies were found to be due to retroperitoneal sarcomas overlying the bifurcation of the iliac vessels. One proved to be an inoperable and radioresistant fibrosarcoma. At seven and a half years after Caesarean section and following chemotherapy this patient is alive and well and has had two more children. The other tumour was a large myxoid liposarcoma which was completely removed at the time of Caesarean section. This patient is alive and well 18 months after operation.
HYPERTENSION DURING PREGNANCY WITH AND WITHOUT SPECIFIC TREATMENT; THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHILDREN AT THE AGE OF FOUR YEARS
Authors: Ounsted Margaret K. , Moar Valerie A. , Good Frances J. , Redman C. W. G. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryIn a controlled trial pregnant women who were hypertensive before the 28th week of gestation were randomly allocated to treatment with methyldopa or no anti‐hypertensive treatment. The children from these pregnancies have been re‐examined at four years of age and their development compared with a random sample from the same maternity hospital population. Their health, height, weight, and the incidence of sight, hearing and speech problems did not differ. None had gross neurological abnormalities. Boys in the treated hypertensive group had significantly smaller heads than in the other two groups, but there was no correlation between head circumference and developmental score in this group (r = 0.020). On average the children in the random sample were the most advanced when assessed a global score of development. In each developmental sector the mean score for the treated hypertensive group was consistently higher than the untreated hypertensive group. We conclude that maternal hypertension is associated with slight developmental delay in early childhood. There are some indications that treatment with methyldopa may reduce this effect.
MATERNAL AND CORD PLASMA LEVELS OF HIGH‐DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN NIGERIA
Authors: Taylor G. Oladunni , Olufunwa S. A. , Agbedana E. O. , Akande E. O. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were determined in 70 pregnant women immediately after delivery and in the cord blood of their babies; 62 non‐pregnant women served as controls. The mean lipid levels were significantly higher in the pregnant women than in the non‐pregnant women. The lipid levels in the cord blood were much lower than those in the maternal blood but were not different from values which have been reported from the developed countries; they were independent of socio‐economic class. The total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were related to socio‐economic status both in the pregnant and non‐pregnant women, but the ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol to total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not. The cord blood lipid levels were also independent of socio‐economic class.
THE EFFECT OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS ON SPERM‐MIGRATION INHIBITION IN THE CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS OF INFERTILE WOMEN
Authors: Cantuaria A. A. , Jones A. L. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe studied 40 infertile couples in whom cervical hostility was the only known cause of infertility, and 18 fertile women. IgA, IgG and IgM together with α‐2‐macroglobulin and albumin were measured in the cervicovaginal secretions and serum using the Mancini radial diffusion technique. IgA and IgG were present in the cervicovaginal secretions of all the women and the concentrations found did not differ significantly in the two groups. Levels of IgM were significantly higher in the infertile group. The ratio of protein levels in cervicovaginal fluid to serum levels were calculated using the formulae of Donovan et al (1970). Locally‐produced IgA, IgG and IgM were found in more of the infertile women and in greater amounts than in the fertile women. Class specific anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies conjugated to inert particles were used to selectively remove specific classes of immunoglobulin from the cervicovaginal secretions. Removal of a particular immunoglobulin class or all three resulted in less inhibition of sperm migration. IgA appeared to be responsible for more inhibition than either IgG or IgM. In infertile women with locally produced IgA and IgG, there was greater inhibition of sperm migration than in those women who lacked locally produced immunoglobulins.
SINGLE DOSE OF TINIDAZOLE IN PROPHYLAXIS OF INFECTIONS FOLLOWING HYSTERECTOMY
Authors: Karhunen M. , Koskela O. , Hannelin M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA single dose of 2 g tinidazole was given preoperatively to 70 patients undergoing elective hysterectomy; 76 patients served as controls. One patient in the drug therapy group and 10 in the control group had a temperature of 38°C at some time after the first postoperative day. One patient in the tinidazole group and seven among the controls had abscess formation. The differences between the tinidazole and the control groups were highly significant. This simple prophylactic procedure reduced treatment costs and minimised infection following hysterectomy.
SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCIES IN WOMEN TREATED BY DIALYSIS AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
Authors:   The Registration Committee Of The European Dialysis And Transplant Association
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe Registry of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association collected information on 120 successful pregnancies in women treated by dialysis and transplantation in 19 countries. Ninety‐seven women with transplants gave birth to 110 babies including five multiple pregnancies. The incidence of severe congenital malformation in these children was not substantially increased. There was evidence of damage to the transplant occurring either during or after pregnancy in 22 of the mothers. Sixteen successful pregnancies occurred in women on dialysis, all of whom had some residual renal function.
ORIGIN OF AMNIOCENTESIS‐INDUCED RISES OF ALPHA‐FETOPROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MATERNAL SERUM
Authors: Dallaire L. , Bélanger L. , Smith Carol J. P. , Kelleher P. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn elevation of alpha‐fetoprotein concentration in maternal serum occurred in 7 of 65 patients (11 per cent) following amniocentesis. Analysis of the molecular heterogeneity of the alpha‐fetoprotein by chromatography on concanavalin A‐agarose indicated that the source of the alpha‐fetoprotein was fetal serum in three patients and amniotic fluid in four patients.
RENIN SUBSTRATE, ACTIVE AND ACID‐ACTIVATABLE RENIN CONCENTRATIONS IN HUMAN PLASMA AND ENDOMETRIUM DURING MENSTRUAL CYCLES CONTROLLED BY ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PREPARATIONS
Authors: Johnson I. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryMeasurements of active and acid‐activatable renin concentrations and renin substrate concentrations in plasma and endometrial samples taken from 31 patients are described. All of these patients were taking oestrogen‐containing oral contraceptive preparations. Plasma active renin concentration was lower in these cycles than in normal cycles and the substrate concentrations higher. In the endometrium the concentrations of all of the components of the system were raised by oral contraceptives. As with normal cycles, the maximum potential for production of the angiotensins was in the premenstrual stage of the cycle. It is suggested that this increase in potential is associated with the onset of menstruation.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SYMPTOMS AND OBJECTIVE URODYNAMIC FINDINGS IN 214 INCONTINENT WOMEN
Authors: Cantor T. J. , Bates C. P. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryVideocystourethrography was used to investigate 214 incontinent women. Their urinary symptoms were assessed in relation to urodynamic findings. Nocturia, nocturnal enuresis and urge incontinence were the most reliable symptoms distinguishing those patients with detrusor instability. Frequency of micturition and urgency were less reliable in this respect, and it was felt that these symptoms were not indications for Videocystourethrography.
AN ASSESSMENT OF URODYNAMIC EXAMINATION IN INCONTINENT WOMEN
Authors: Jarvis G. J. , Hall S. , Stamp S. , Millar D. R. , Johnson A. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryUrodynamic investigation was performed in 100 consecutive incontinent women. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed in only 65 women and management was significantly altered in 31 women. Pressure‐flow studies should precede, whenever possible, the treatment of incontinent patients.
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY ON INTRAVESICAL PRESSURE AND DETRUSOR ACTIVITY
Authors: Wake C. R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThis study was undertaken to determine the effect of simple abdominal hysterectomy on bladder function in the first postoperative week. It was found that initially there was a significant reduction in voluntary capacity, a rise in residual volume and an increase in intravesical pressure but that this was returning to normal after one week. The degree to which these changes occurred did not seem to be related to postoperative disturbances of micturition.
PLASMA TOCOPHEROL AND LIPID LEVELS IN PREGNANCY AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USERS
Authors: Jagadeesan V. , Prema K. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPlasma tocopherol (vitamin E), cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated in normal non pregnant women and in women throughout pregnancy. All three constituents were increased in the later stages of pregnancy. There was a significant statistical correlation between tocopherol and cholesterol levels, but not between the vitamin and triglycerides. The data suggest that the increase in tocopherol may be associated with a corresponding increase in cholesterol since both are known to share a common transport system, but the association was evident only during pregnancy. Compared to controls, plasma vitamin E levels were not altered in pre‐eclampsia nor in oral contraceptive users.
MULTIPLE BIRTHS IN HAUSA WOMEN
Authors: Rehan N. , Tafida D. S. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe incidence of multiple births was studied using the maternity records of 5750 Hausa women living in the savannah zone of Nigeria. There were 40 twins and 2 triplets/1000 births. Twenty six per cent of twins were monozygous. The incidence of multiple births, which was about five times higher than that observed in any western population, was significantly lower than that of other ethnic groups, who live in the hot and humid climate of the southern part of country. The incidence of multiple births was related to maternal age but did not bear any association to the climate or prevalence of malaria.
ACUTE LIVER DISEASE WITH ENCEPHALOPATHY AND RENAL FAILURE IN LATE PREGNANCY AND THE EARLY PUERPERIUM A STUDY OF FOURTEEN PATIENTS
Authors: Davies M. H. , Wilkinson S. P. , Hanid M. A. , Portmann B. , Brudenell J. M. , Newton J. R. , Williams R. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFourteen patients, aged 18 to 38 years, presented in the last trimester of pregnancy, or immediately post partum, with severe acute hepatic dysfunction. Liver biopsy confirmed the presence of acute fatty liver in six patients; the cause of hepatic dysfunction was presumed viral hepatitis in five patients, pre‐eclampsia in two, and gram‐negative septicaemia in one. There was one set of twins and the perinatal mortality was 33 per cent; there were three maternal deaths (21 per cent). Two survivors with acute fatty liver subsequently had successful pregnancies without evidence of hepatic dysfunction.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION WITH FROZEN SPERM: PROTOCOL, METHOD OF ANALYSIS AND RESULTS FOR 1188 WOMEN
Authors: David G. , Czyglik F. , Mayaux M. J. , Martin‐Boyce A. , Schwartz D. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe experience of a sperm bank during a five year period is reported. Artificial insemination by donor (AID) was carried out on 1188 women using frozen sperm prepared in doses of 0.25 ml. A single insemination was called for during each of the first two cycles. The patients were classified in 4 categories: lost to follow‐up, successes, dropouts and open cases. The success rate per cycle was about 10 per cent and was very stable for each of the first 12 cycles. The cumulative success rate was calculated by the life table technique adapted for AID analysis. A theoretical success rate (without dropouts) and an effective success rate (with dropouts) were calculated. These two rates were 68 and 55 per cent respectively after 12 cycles. The median delay to conception was 7 and 9 cycles, respectively, under theoretical and effective conditions. The spontaneous abortion rate (17 per cent) and sex‐ratio (106 males for 100 females) resemble those for natural reproduction but the success rate per cycle was markedly lower even after adjusting for age.
MOTHERS' VIEWS OF OBSTETRIC CARE
Authors: Kirke P. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTo obtain mothers' views of their obstetric care, 210 mothers were interviewed postnatally in two hospitals. The findings relating to staff‐patient communication are presented in this paper. Half of the mothers mentioned some failure of communication. There was a significant association between satisfaction with communication and overall satisfaction with care. Many mothers said that the purposes and nature of the procedures which they had during labour and delivery were not explained by the staff despite evidence of positive attitudes of the doctors towards giving such explanations. Although mothers who did not know why procedures were carried out generally wanted to know, they did not ask. Sixty‐five per cent of the mothers said that the staff did not tell them anything about breast‐feeding at any stage and 75 per cent said this about bottle‐feeding. The need for health professionals to see communication with patients as an integral part of medical care is stressed.
AN AUDIT OF PRESCRIBING IN AN OBSTETRIC SERVICE
Authors: Lewis P. J. , Boylan P. , Bulpitt C. J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryAn audit of drug prescribing was carried out in an obstetric service. Sixty‐five different drugs were prescribed in 976 separate prescriptions. Nitrazepam and paracetamol accounted for 75 per cent of all prescriptions. Many of the prescriptions were incomplete. In 83 per cent of cases the drugs prescribed were not referred to in the patients' case notes, suggesting that their prescription did not form part of a therapeutic plan for the patient.
POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF AMNIOTIC FLUID CHOLINESTERASES: A GOOD PRENATAL TEST FOR NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
Authors: Seller Mary J. , Cole Kathleen J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe qualitative assay of the cholinesterases (ChE) in amniotic fluid on polyacrylamide gel gave a single major band (cholinesterase) in all samples from normal pregnancies, and two major bands (cholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase) in all cases from fetuses with open neural tube defects. Five fluids which were true false positive on alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) assay (elevated AFP in a clear fluid but normal fetus) had a single band, and two fluids which were false negative on AFP testing (normal AFP but spina bifida fetus) had two bands. The second ‘diagnostic’ ChE band sometimes occurred, together with other extra bands, in some fluids which were very severely contaminated by maternal or fetal blood, but in four of six fluids from normal fetuses where fetal blood staining was sufficient to cause the AFP to be elevated, there was only one ChE band. It is suggested that the qualitative assay of ChE should be performed in addition to AFP in the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PROTEINASE INHIBITORS IN HUMAN AMNIOTIC FLUID AND MATERNAL SERUM
Authors: Bhat A. Ramesh , Pattabiraman T. N. 
Published: August 2005

SummarySerum and amniotic fluid samples from five pregnant women were analyzed for different proteinase inhibitors by ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAEcellulose. Alpha‐2 macroglobulin was found to be absent in amniotic fluid. Even though α‐1 antichymotrypsin was identified in amniotic fluid, its concentration gradient between serum and amniotic fluid (20–60) was much higher than that of α‐1 antitrypsin (8–20). Two forms of α‐1 antitrypsin were identified in both the fluids. In pregnancy, the ratio of the two forms was altered in favour of the less anionic form compared to normal sera. The contribution of the heat stable proteinase inhibitor for total antitryptic activity in amniotic fluid was more than in serum. The observation that urine samples from immature infants had higher heat stable inhibitory activity than urine samples from normal infants suggests that the heat stable inhibitor in amniotic fluid may arise from fetal kidney.
THE ADJUSTMENT OF BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS TO ALLOW FOR TIME OF WAKING
Authors: Royston J. P. , Abrams R. M. , Higgins Mary P. , Flynn Anna M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryDuring one menstrual cycle, each of eleven volunteer student nurses at Northwick Park Hospital recorded their vaginal temperature on waking and noted the clock time. Waking times varied between 0530 hours and 1100 hours. Regression analysis revealed a highly significant linear relation between temperature and time of waking, with a slope of 0–086°C/hour (SE, 0–009°C/hr) in the postmenstrual (hypothermal) phase. A rounded adjustment factor of 0–1°C/hour is shown to improve the interpretability of basal body temperature (BBT) charts in a group of seven women regularly using natural family planning methods. The adjustment factor is simple to apply and only involves counting one square on a BBT chart for each hour that the waking time differs from normal.
HYDROPS FETALIS, AN UNUSUAL CAUSE, PRESENTATION AND METHOD OF DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Rees L. , Vlies P. R , Adams J. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryA case of hydrops fetalis due to fetal supraventricular tachycardia is described. The patient presented with polyhydramnios, maternal oedema and proteinuria and the diagnosis was made by ultrasound.