bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAGGY2, a program package for two‐dimensional magnestostatic problems
Authors: Polak S. J. , De Beer A. , Wachters A. , Van Welij J. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the essential features of the program package MAGGY2. With MAGGY2, magnetostatic problems in two dimensions can be analysed. The co‐ordinate system may be Cartesian, cylindrical or polar. A finite element method with bilinear isoparametric quadrilaterals is used. Input must be given in the problem‐oriented language MAGLAN. This language is based on the idea that a user of MAGGY2 wants to describe his problem rather than give commands for its solution. The algorithm and the problem‐oriented language are described. Some examples showing the use of the package are given.
Transient and pseudo‐transient analysis of Mindlin plates
Authors: Pica A. , Hinton E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA unified approach is presented for the static and transient dynamic linear and geometrically nonlinear analysis of Mindlin plates including initial imperfections. The effects of transverse shear deformation and rotatory inertia are automatically taken into account. A finite element idealization is adopted and the quadratic Lagrangian Mindlin plate element is used together with selective integration. Several numerical examples are presented and compared with results from other sources.
Converged stress solutions in thin plates by the extended field method
Authors: Donaldson B. K. , Chander S. , Negm H. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper presents numerical results calculated by the extended field method for the problem of the forced harmonic vibration of two plates—one rectangular and one triangular. The numerical results demonstrate that the extended field method, which is a deflection‐based series solution method, is capable of producing converged stress solutions suitable for being bases of comparison for other approximate methods of analysis.
The mixed finite element method in plane elasticity
Authors: Mirza F. A. , Olson M. D. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractStudies of the convergence and performance of the mixed finite element method in plane elasticity are reported. A completeness criterion is proposed, and convergence rates for stresses and strain energy, as predicted elsewhere, are quoted. An eigenvalue analysis of the mixed element matrix is carried out for various combinations of interpolations for displacements and stresses in a triangular and a rectangular element, and the results are discussed in relation to the completeness criterion. Finally, a triangular element with linear interpolations for stresses and displacements is formulated and its use is demonstrated on several numerical examples.
Effect of shear deformation on post‐buckling behaviour of columns
Authors: Holla V. K. , Prathap G. , Varadan T. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe post‐buckling behaviour of a cantilever column of variable moment of inertia with tip load is studied by means of a simple numerical iterative scheme. The governing equation of equilibrium is formulated using the axial and transverse displacement quantities, and applying linear constitutive and nonlinear kinematic relations. Numerical results obtained by numerical iterative procedure are presented in the form of curves showing the relation between non‐dimensional tip‐deflection and non‐dimensional load for different values of shear correction factors and taper ratios.
An investigation of first‐ and second‐order mixed plate‐bending elements
Authors: Akay H. U. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractNumerical convergence of first‐ and second‐order plate‐bending elements is investigated. Using iso‐parametric formulation, general bilinear and biquadratic quadrilaterals, with the three moment components and the transverse deflection as dependent variables, are obtained. The same elements are also used as degenerate triangles by collapsing one side. A constant bending moment patch test, applied numerically to the elements, indicated poor performance for linear triangles, while the bilinear, quadratic and biquadratic elements behaved well, with exact results in uniform meshes. Further numerical examples showed the same general trend as the patch test. Although bilinear, quadratic and biquadratic elements were always able to yield the correct solutions with mesh refinements, the linear triangles were in general unable to do so.
Finite difference analysis for developing laminar flow in circular tubes applied to forced and combined convection
Authors: Collins M. W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe complete two‐dimensional partial differential equations for developing laminar flow in a circular tube have been treated by a finite difference analysis. Property variation with temperature, especially that of viscosity, is allowed for in a flexible manner. The continuity and momentum equations, and then the energy equations, are solved by direct elimination at each axial step, and marching procedure used in the axial direction. A new technique is that the stepwise energy balance is rigidly satisfied throughout by using it as a constituent equation in place of the ‘explicit’ wall thermal boundary condition normally used.The analysis predicts the complete developing hydrodynamic and thermal fields, together with friction factors and heat transfer coefficients. It has been tested for a range of fluid velocity and thermal boundary conditions and for various fluids, including high viscosity oils, water and air.Data for constant wall heat flux have already been published. 1,2 Predictions for constant wall temperature presented here are for forced and combined convection and are compared with experimental data of Test3 and Zeldin and Schmidt4.
On the optimality of the pointwise accuracy of the finite element solution
Authors: Fried Isaac 
Published: August 2005

AbstractClosed form finite element solutions are obtained for the uniformly loaded membrane in Rn, n = 2,3 discretized with first‐order elements. It is verified on this model that the pointwise error in the displacement is 0(h2 log 1/h). Slopes converge pointwise at the optimal rate 0(h).
Design oriented analysis of imperfect truss structures—part II—approximate analysis
Authors: Rosen Aviv , Schmit Lucien A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn approximate analysis method for calculating local and system geometric imperfection influences on the displacements, stresses and buckling load of imperfect truss structures, is developed. The structural response, as a function of the design variables, is expressed in this approximate analysis which is much faster and cheaper than the ‘accurate’ analysis. The accurate analysis for a particular design is used as a base for each approximate analysis which then gives the response information needed for other designs in the neighbourhood about the base point design. Comparison of the approximate behaviour predictions with accurate results based on the more refined analysis methods shows that the quality of the proposed approximate analysis procedure is adequate for guiding a structural design procedure. It is evident that the approximate analysis is capable of describing the nonlinear behaviour of the structure, but when nonlinearity increases, the quality of the approximate analysis tends to deteriorate.
Improvement of MacCormack's scheme for Burgers' equation. Using a finite element method
Authors: Lucchi Ciro W. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA brief description of the finite element method to be used is given. It is then shown how various finite difference schemes for the wave and Burgers' equations can be achieved, in particular the predictor‐corrector method of MacCormack. By the finite element method a more efficient predictor‐corrector scheme is also obtained. Furthermore, the study tends to show that terms of the general form ∂(uvw)/∂x should be discretized by considering u,v and w as separate variables instead of taking the product uvw as a single variable as is often done with equations written in conservative (divergence law) form.
Substructuring in linear and nonlinear analysis
Authors: Dodds Robert H. , Lopez L. A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe procedures for utilizing substructuring and static condensation in structural analysis are well known. However, until recently there have been no general‐purpose structural mechanics computer systems that offer multi‐level substructuring combined with a convenient method for defining the structural model. Now that such systems are available, engineers must decide when substructuring techniques are useful. Substructuring, with and without condensation, has proved to be highly efficient in the analysis of certain classes of structure. It can reduce computer costs by a factor of from 2 to 100. Yet, indiscriminate use of condensation may result in unnecessary and expensive computations. This paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of substructuring relative to data entry and computational efficiency. Guidelines are proposed for engineers to follow when using substructuring in the analysis of linear and nonlinear structures. The FINITE system is used to illustrate actual implementation of substructuring features in a general purpose finite element system.
A generalized automatic mesh generation scheme for finite element method
Authors: Imafuku Ichiei , Kodera Yoichi , Sayawaki Masaaki , Kono Makoto 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a generalized method which generates linear, triangular, quadrilateral and pentahedral elements for the finite element method. Depending on geometrical and material variations, the region to be discretized is manually divided into blocks such as lines, triangles, quadrilaterals, pentahedrons and hexahedrons in several appropriate co‐ordinate systems. However, no connectivity information of the adjacent blocks is required by the user as input. The continuity of the generated nodal co‐ordinates and element configurations at the block interface are automatically maintained to describe the geometry of structures, no matter how these five types of blocks are connected. Furthermore, a mesh grading algorithm which generates reliable mesh grade distributions in the interior of the triangular and quadrilateral blocks is established corresponding to the arbitrarily defined subdivision numbers for each edge line of blocks. This algorithm is extended to the mesh grading in the interior of the hexahedral and pentahedral blocks. Element numbers are also renumbered in this scheme, in addition to node numbers, in order to increase the computational efficiency of the global matrix assembly. Additional facilities, i.e. loading data generation, boundary condition data generation and so on, are also discussed. An illustrative and a practical example are given to demonstrate the capabilities of this scheme.
Band‐schemes vs. frontal‐routines in nonlinear structural analysis
Authors: Agrawal A. B. , Mufti A. A. , Jaeger L. G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper evaluates the relative merits of the band‐schemes over the frontal‐routines in the solution of the linearized algebraic equations resulting from a nonlinear structural analysis. Through examples it is shown that the use of the former in the nonlinear analysis programs results in considerable savings in computer time. This is especially so when the structure under consideration is subject to dynamic loads due to earthquakes or simulated ground motions.
Computation of pareto optima in structural design
Authors: Carmichael D. G. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe structural design problem is acknowledge to be commonly multi‐criteria in nature. The various bases for multi‐criteria optimization methodologies are outlined and a computationally viable method for generating Pareto optimal solutions is adopted for the structural design problem where the criteria may be non‐commensurable. A numerical example on optimal truss design illustrating non‐commensurable criteria is given.
Analysis of error growth for explicit difference schemes in conduction–convection problems
Authors: Griffiths D. F. , Christie I. , Mitchell A. R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA detailed study is made of the error growth associated with explicit difference schemes for a conduction‐convection problem. It is shown that the error can become arbitrarily large after a finite number of time steps even though it ultimately decays to zero. Certain ambiguities reported in the literature can thereby be resolved.
Comparison between a finite element and a composite method for a three‐dimensional potential problem
Authors: Trkov A. , Wood W. L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the solution of the three‐dimensional potential problem for electromagnetic river gauging. It extends previous ideas of joining finite elements in an interior region to one infinite external element treated by the boundary integral method1,2 to this case where there are two external infinite elements representing the river and the ground. The boundary continuity conditions on the infinite river–ground interface, as well as the internal–external interfaces, are dealt with by introducing a variational principle with relaxed continuity requirement3.
A procedure to obtain a fully stressed shape of elastic continuum
Authors: Oda Juhachi , Yamazaki Kouetsu 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn this paper, a procedure for obtaining a fully stresses shape of elastic continuum under arbitrary design conditions is proposed, by using the optimum distribution of the material properties such as the Young's modulus or the plate thickness. By using this technique, the optimum multiple‐connected shape can be created from the original shape of simply body. The optimum shape of a road‐pole subjected to an uniformly distributed load is determined by using the technique, and from the results the effectiveness of the technique is examined numerically.
A penalty plate‐bending element for the analysis of laminated anisotropic composite plates
Authors: Reddy J. N. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA C0 (penalty) finite element is developed for the equations governing the heterogeneous laminated plate theory of Yang, Norris and Stavsky. The YNS theory is a generalization of Mindlin's theory for homogeneous, isotropic plates to arbitrarily laminated anisotropic plates and includes shear deformation and rotary inertia effects. The present element can also be used in the analysis of thin plates by appropriately specifying the penalty parameter. A variety of problems are solved, including those for which solutions are not available in the literature, to show the material effects and the parametric effects of plate aspect ratio, length‐to‐thickness ratio, lamination scheme, number of layers and lamination angle on the deflections, stresses, and vibration frequencies. Despite its simplicity, the present element gives very accurate results.
The hybrid‐stress model for thin plates
Authors: Spilker Robert L. , Munir Nasir I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe assumed‐stress hybrid finite element model is examined for application to the bending analysis of thin plates. A hybrid‐stress functional is defined by using a Mindlin‐type displacement assumption and including all components of stress. The Euler equations and matrix formulation corresponding to this functional are examined to assess the effects of plate thickness, and a rationale is presented for the selection of stress assumptions so that locking is avoided in the thin plate limit. To illustrate these concepts, a series of linear displacement quadrilateral elements are derived and tested, and the best of these elements is identified for suggested implementation in general‐purpose computer programs.
A triangular finite element mesh generator for fluid dynamic systems of arbitrary geometry
Authors: Kleinstreure Clement , Holdeman Jonas T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA two‐dimensional finite element mesh generator capable of discretizing arbitrarily shaped flow regions is described. This economical, interactive computer code, written in FORTRAN IV and employing PLOT 10 software together with TEKTRONIX graphics terminals (4000 series or similar devices), generates a triangular network of variable element density according to the geometry and local kinematic flow patterns of a given fluid flow problem. The algorithm is an easy‐to‐use preprocessor and mesh generator delivering for a particular source program suitable input data which contribute to a higher degree of accuracy, efficiency and flexibility of the numerical scheme.The code was tested for the triangularization of the confluence region of the Ohio and Tennessee rivers with two islands forming subchannels of different sizes.
Stresses in bonded connections using finite elements
Authors: Carpenter Associate Professor William C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA finite element formulation for the adhesive of a lap joint is presented. The element is based on the assumptions common to the theories of Goland and Reissner and Ojalvo and Eidinoff. Deficiencies of the lap joint theories of those workers and of a previous finite element formulation of the adhesive are pointed out and the covergence of the new formulation to their results is discussed. Experimentally determined extreme fibre strains in the adherends are compared with those determined numerically using the new finite element formulation.
Oscillation limits for weighted residual methods applied to convective diffusion equations
Authors: Jensen Ole Krogh , Finlayson Bruce A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractConvection–diffusion equations are difficult to solve when the convection term dominates because most solution methods give solutions which oscillate in space. Previous criteria based on the one‐dimensional convection–diffusion equation have shown that finite difference and Galerkin (linear or quadratic basis functions) will not give oscillatory solutions provided the Peclet number times the mesh size (Pe Δx) is below a critical value. These criteria are based on the solution at the nodes, and ensure that the nodal values are monotone. Similar criteria are developed here for other methods: quadratic Galerkin with upwind weighting, cubic Galerkin, orthogonal collocation on finite elements with quadratic, cubic or quartic polynomials using Lagrangian interpolation, cubic or quartic polynominals using Hermite interpolation, and the method of moments. The nodal values do not oscillate for collocation or moments methods with Hermite cubic polynomials regardless of the value of Pe Δx.A new criterion is developed for all methods based on the monotonicity of the solutions throughout the domain. This criterion is more restrictive than one based only on the nodal values. All methods that are second order (Δx2) or better in truncation error give oscillatory solutions (based on the entire domain) unless Pe Δx is below a critical value. This value ranges from 2 for finite difference methods to 4·6 for Hermite, quartic, collocation methods.
A note on upwinding and anisotropic balancing dissipation in finite element approximations to convective diffusion problems
Authors: Kelly D. W. , Nakazawa S. , Zienkiewicz O. C. , Heinrich J. C. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn one dimension, Petrov—Galerkin nonsymmetric weighting for the convective diffusion equation can be interpreted as an added dissipation. The addition of an appropriate amount of dissipation can therefore give the same oscillation‐free solutions as the ‘unwinding’, Petrov—Galerkin, finite element methods. The ‘balancing dissipation’ is optimally chosen so that excessive dissipation does not occur. A scheme is presented for extending this approach to two‐dimensional problems, and numerical examples show that the new method can be used with improved computational efficiency.
Dynamics of complex shells of revolution with arbitrary stiffness and density distributions
Authors: Sheinman Izhak , Zamir Israel 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA general analytical and numerical procedure, based on the linear theory, is outlined for the elastic stress and deflection analysis of complex shells of revolution with arbitrary stiffness and density distributions, under arbitrary static and dynamic loads. The equations of motion admit shear deformation and rotary inertia. A numerical solution is obtained by recourse to Fourier expansion for the circumferential direction, to finite differences for the meridonial direction, and to Houbolt's method for the time domain. Numerical results are presented.
A note on the combined isotropic–kinematic workhardening rule
Authors: Allen David H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe Ziegler modification of the Prager hardening rule has been used in conjunction with a combined isotropic–kinematic workhardening rule in order to predict the Bauschinger effect during cyclic loadings. There has been some controversy as to whether the above workhardening rule predicts a stress increment which is consistent with the yield condition. The purpose of this communication is to establish the combined hardening rule as a consistent statement in order to clarify its correctness.
On the relationship between a continuous update method of multipliers and the generalized reduced gradient method
Authors: Root R. R. , Ragsdell K. M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe method of multipliers1–3 (MOM) is a transformation technique which has enjoyed considerable popularity in recent years. The algorithmic philosophy is similar to conventional penalty function methods in that a constrained nonlinear programming problem is transformed into a sequence of unconstrained problems. In the standard MOM approach, the multipliers are updated after each unconstrained search. In this paper we investigate methods which involve continuous updating of the penalty parameters and design variables. We demonstrate that this continuous updating scheme is equivalent to the generalized reduced gradient method4,5 applied to a certain dual problem. Computational results are given which suggest that the continuous updating MOM is not as efficient as one might reasonably hope.
A study of three‐node triangular plate bending elements
Authors: Batoz Jean‐Louis , Bathe Klaus‐JÜRgen , Ho Lee‐Wing 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn assessment of flat triangular plate bending elements with displacement degrees‐of‐freedom at the three corner nodes only is presented, with the purpose of identifying the most effective for thin plate analysis. Based on a review of currently available elements, specific attention is given to the theoretical and numerical evaluation of three triangular 9 degrees‐of‐freedom elements; namely, a discrete Kirchhoff theory (DKT) element, a hybrid stress model (HSM) element and a selective reduced integration (SRI) element. New and efficient formulations of these elements are discussed in detail and the results of several example analyses are given. It is concluded that the most efficient and reliable three‐node plate bending elements are the DKT and HSM elements.
A lower bound for the two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation
Authors: Helps J. D. , Daly P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA variational expression (Temple's formula), requiring C1 continuity, is used to transform the two‐dimensional Helmholtz equation into a matrix equation. Finite element techniques are used and homogeneous Neumann or Dirichlet boundary conditions are assumed. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions lower bounds to the eigenvalues are obtained.