bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study on the efficacy of Omalizumab on food allergy threshold in children with severe food allergy
Authors: Mortz Charlotte G. , Parke Louise , Rasmussen Helene M. , Kjaer Henrik Fomsgaard , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy is common in childhood with some children having a low threshold and being difficult to protect from accidental ingestion of the offending food. Therapies for this potentially life‐threatening condition are highly needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Omalizumab in food‐allergic children.MethodsThis is a single‐center, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Food allergic children with a cumulative threshold ≤443 mg food protein at DBPCFC were randomized to Omalizumab (asthma dose) or placebo (3:1). After 3 months, a second DBPCFC was performed (steps 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000, and 3000 mg food protein), followed by a separate open challenge up to 10,000 and 30,000 mg food protein if negative. Responders were defined as ≥2‐step increases in threshold. Non‐responders received high‐dose Omalizumab. A third DBPCFC was performed after 6 months. Skin testing, blood samples, and the severity of atopic co‐morbidity were registered during the study and 3 months after treatment.ResultsIn total, 20 children were evaluated at 3 months (14 Omalizumab, 6 placebo). All treated with Omalizumab increased their threshold at least two steps and with a significant difference between the Omalizumab and the placebo group (p = .003), although the intended number of included children was not reached. The threshold before Omalizumab treatment was 13–443 mg food protein while the threshold after 3 months of treatment increased up to 44,000 mg (1143–44,000). In the placebo group, two children improved threshold during the study.ConclusionAn increase in the threshold level during Omalizumab treatment significantly improve patient safety and protected all children against small amount of allergen.
Outcomes of proximal humerus fractures in children: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Abbot Samuel , Proudman Susanna , Bednarz Jana , Williams Nicole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivePaediatric proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) have historically been treated non‐operatively. However, the management of severely displaced PHFs in older children has been debated over the years, with contemporary studies advocating for surgery. The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of a cohort of paediatric patients treated for a PHF to guide management of future paediatric PHFs.MethodsThe records of the Women's and Children's Hospital in South Australia were reviewed to identify paediatric PHFs occurring between 1 January 2010 and 1 June 2020. Participants completed the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the Paediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument via phone interview. Participants’ shoulder range‐of‐motion was assessed via telehealth using Zoom. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify patient and clinical variables that were associated with a poorer outcome.ResultsOf 307 patients contacted, 125 participated. Forty‐six patients met the definition of a poorer clinical outcome, defined as a QuickDASH score of ≥2. Fractures of greater severity were predictive of a poorer outcome, and patients aged ≥12 years old at the time of injury had higher total QuickDASH scores. The findings did not suggest that these subgroups of patients have superior outcomes if treated surgically.ConclusionThe majority of paediatric PHFs have an acceptable clinical outcome, irrespective of treatment methodology. Multicentre prospective studies are required to establish the indications for surgery for adolescent patients with severely displaced PHFs.
Childbirth experiences in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study
Authors: Husby Anne Engtrø , Simpson Melanie Rae , Dalbye Rebecka , Larsen Marit , Vanky Eszter , Løvvik Tone Shetelig 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionWomen with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have more pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes, hypertension, and preterm labor than other women. Metformin has been used in an attempt to improve pregnancy outcomes. Our study aims to explore childbirth experiences in women with PCOS compared with a reference population. It also explores the potential influence of metformin, obesity, pregnancy complications, and the duration and mode of birth on childbirth experiences.Material and methodsThis study is a cohort study combining data from two randomized trials conducted in Norway, Sweden and Iceland. The PregMet2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01587378) investigated the use of metformin vs. placebo in pregnant women with PCOS. The Labour Progression Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02221427) compared the WHO partograph to Zhang's guidelines for progression of labor and were used as the reference population. A total of 365 women with PCOS and 3604 reference women were included. Both studies used the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). Main outcome measures were total CEQ score and four domain scores. The CEQ scores were compared using Mann–Whitney U test for women in Robson group 1 with PCOS (n = 131) and reference women (n = 3604). CEQ scores were also compared between metformin‐treated (n = 180) and placebo‐treated (n = 185) women with PCOS, and for different subgroups of women with PCOS.ResultsThere was no difference in total CEQ score between women with PCOS and reference women—Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney (WMW)‐odds 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–1.17). We detected no difference in CEQ scores between the metformin‐ and placebo‐treated women with PCOS (WMW‐odds 1.13, 95% CI 0.89–1.43). Complications in pregnancy did not affect CEQ (WMW‐odds 1, 95% CI 0.76–1.31). Higher body mass index (WMW‐odds 0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.96), longer duration of labor (WMW‐odds 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), and cesarean section (WMW‐odds 0.29, 95% CI 0.2–0.42) were associated with lower CEQ scores in women with PCOS.ConclusionsWomen with PCOS experience childbirth similarly to the reference women. Metformin did not influence childbirth experience in women with PCOS, neither did pregnancy complications. Obesity, long duration of labor or cesarean section had a negative impact on childbirth experience.
Surgical evacuation combined with Shirodkar cervical suture and selective uterine artery embolization: A fertility preserving treatment for 10–15 weeks' live cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies
Authors: Nijjar Simrit , Ngo An , de Braud Lucrezia V. , Stempel Conrad Von , Bottomley Cecilia , Jauniaux Eric , Jurkovic Davor 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionCesarean scar ectopic pregnancies (CSEPs) are associated with significant maternal morbidity and termination is often recommended in the early first trimester. Management of more advanced cases is challenging due to higher risks of major intraoperative hemorrhage. Hysterectomy is currently the intervention of choice for advanced cases. This study aimed to investigate if advanced live CSEPs could be managed effectively conservatively using suction curettage and interventional radiology.Material and methodsA retrospective single‐center cohort study was performed. A total of 371 women diagnosed with CSEP were identified between January 2008 and January 2023. A total of 6% (22/371) women had an advanced live CSEP with crown‐rump length (CRL) of ≥40 mm (≥10 weeks' gestation). Of these, 77% (17/22) opted for surgical intervention, whilst the remaining five continued their pregnancies. A preoperative ultrasound was performed in each patient. All women underwent suction curettage under ultrasound guidance and insertion of Shirodkar cervical suture as a primary hemostatic measure combined with uterine artery embolization (UAE) if required. The primary outcome was rate of blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes were estimated intraoperative blood loss, UAE, intensive care unit admission, reintervention, hysterectomy, hospitalization duration and rate of retained products of conception. Descriptive statistics were used to describe these variables.ResultsMedian CRL of the 17 patients included was 54.1 mm (range: 40.0–85.7) and median gestational age based on CRL was 12 + 3 weeks (range: 10 + 6–15 + 0). On preoperative ultrasound scan placental lacunae were recorded in 76% (13/17) of patients and color Doppler score was ≥3 in 67% (10/15) of patients. At surgery, Shirodkar cervical suture was used in all cases. It was successful in achieving hemostasis by tamponade in 76% (13/17) of patients. In the remaining 24% (4/17) patients tamponade failed to achieve complete hemostasis and UAE was performed to stop persistent arterial bleeding into the uterine cavity. Median intraoperative blood loss was 800 mL (range: 250–2500) and 41% (7/17) women lost >1000 mL. 35% (6/17) needed blood transfusion. No women required hysterectomy.ConclusionsSurgical evacuation with Shirodkar cervical suture and selective UAE is an effective treatment for advanced live CSEPs.
The Declaration of Helsinki in bioethics literature since the last revision in 2013
Authors: Ehni Hans‐Jörg , Wiesing Urban 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe World Medical Association has announced that a new revision process of the Declaration of Helsinki has been started. This article will identify the criticisms that have been made in the bioethics literature, particularly since the last revision. In addition, criticisms are discussed that were made in the literature even before the last revision and have not fallen silent. The plausibility of the recommendation for a change in the Declaration of Helsinki is examined.
Abolishing morality in biomedical ethics
Authors: Crutchfield Parker , Scheall Scott 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn biomedical ethics, there is widespread acceptance of moral realism, the view that moral claims express a proposition and that at least some of these propositions are true. Biomedical ethics is also in the business of attributing moral obligations, such as “S should do X.” The problem, as we argue, is that against the background of moral realism, most of these attributions are erroneous or inaccurate. The typical obligation attribution issued by a biomedical ethicist fails to truly capture the person's actual obligations. We offer a novel argument for rife error in obligation attribution. The argument starts with the idea of an epistemic burden. Epistemic burdens are all of those epistemic obstacles one must surmount in order to achieve some aim. Epistemic burdens shape decision‐making such that given two otherwise equal options, a person will choose the option that has the lesser of epistemic burdens. Epistemic burdens determine one's potential obligations and, conversely, their non‐obligations. The problem for biomedical ethics is that ethicists have little to no access to others' epistemic burdens. Given this lack of access and the fact that epistemic burdens determine potential obligations, biomedical ethicists often can only attribute accurate obligations out of luck. This suggests that the practice of attributing obligations in biomedical ethics is rife with error. To resolve this widespread error, we argue that this practice should be abolished from the discourse of biomedical ethics.
Influence of preexisting structures on salt structures in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Western China: Insights from seismic data and numerical simulations
Authors: Yang Keji , Qi Jiafu , Xu Liangwei , Yu Yanqiu , Sun Tong , Shen Fangle , Peng Li , Lv Ji , Zhao Hanting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe preexisting structures that developed in the basement and subsalt strata play a key role in the salt structural deformation in the Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin. The characteristics of preexisting structures and their controls on the salt structure are investigated via the latest three‐dimensional seismic data and numerical modelling. The results show that the preexisting structures that developed in the Kuqa Depression mainly consist of basement faults, palaeouplifts, subsalt slopes and early passive salt diapirs. Basement faults are mainly distributed in the Kelasu and Qiulitag structural belts and control the position of development and deformation style of the Miocene compressive salt structure. The differences in styles and reactivation degrees of basement faults lead to great diversity in the salt structure. The palaeouplifts mainly include the Wensu, western Qiulitag, Xinhe and Yaha‐Luntai palaeouplifts. The original sedimentary range and later deformation space of the salt layer are limited by the palaeouplift, resulting in strong salt thrusting in the Awate sag in the western part of the Kuqa Depression. The heterogeneous spatial distribution of the palaeouplift promoted the development of regional strike‐slip transform belts. Subsalt slopes are located mainly on the northern edge of the western Qiulitag low uplift and block the southward flow of the salt, causing the salt to form salt domes; the size of these domes is closely related to the subsalt slope. Early passive salt diapirs mainly developed in the Quele and Bozidun areas of the western Kuqa Depression, and they were preferentially active during the compression period, inducing the formation of a piercement salt nappe. Numerical modelling revealed that the preexisting structure strongly controlled the stress–strain distribution during the deformation of the salt structure. The spatial distribution heterogeneity of the basement structure is an important factor in the structural zonation along the north–south strike and segmentation along the west–east strike in the Kuqa Depression, as well as an important inducer of the piercement salt structure.
Northward expansion of the Jiaolai Basin during the Early Cretaceous: Insights from source‐to‐sink reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Shaofeng , Lin Chengfa , Ma Pengfei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Jiaolai Basin, situated in the northern Sulu orogenic belt along East Aisa continental margin, preserves evidence of the extensional events in East Asia and the post‐orogenic evolution of the Sulu orogenic belt during the Cretaceous period. In this study, multiple provenance analyses were employed to reconstruct the source‐to‐sink system of the Laiyang Group within the Jiaolai Basin. These studies reveal a history of northward expansion dictated by two significant rift events. During the early Early Cretaceous period (ca. 135–121 Ma), the Zhucheng and Gaomi sags in southern region developed initially. Subsequently, in the late Early Cretaceous period (ca. 120–113 Ma), the Laiyang sag in northern region emerged. Furthermore, these sags were fed by independent source‐to‐sink systems in their early stages but eventually shared a similar source‐to‐sink system towards the end of the Laiyang Group deposition (ca. 113 Ma). The provenance analysis results indicate that ca. 121 Ma, ultrahigh‐pressure rocks in the northern segment of the Sulu orogenic belt experienced rapid exhumation, while those in the southern segment might have remained concealed until ca. 113 Ma. The two rift events in East Asia, coupled with the alteration in the direction and magnitude of extension documented in the Jiaolai Basin, suggests that trench retreat and the change in subduction direction from E–W to NW–SE of the Izanagi plate played a principal role in driving the extensional events in East Asia during the Early Cretaceous. Our findings imply that the change in Izanagi subduction direction may have occurred ca. 121 Ma.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of lateral sinus floor elevation with simultaneous hydrophilic implants placement: A retrospective study of 2–5 years
Authors: Qian Yinjie , Zhao Yuxin , Lu Yifan , Bao Siqi , Zhu Weijun , Chen Qianming , Si Misi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of a chemically modified sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched implant (hydrophilic) in lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE), compared with a conventional one (hydrophobic).Materials and MethodsA retrospective study design was adopted. Patients who received LSFE with simultaneous implant placement were recruited. According to different types of implant surfaces, patients were divided into two groups (the hydrophilic group and the hydrophobic group). Implant survival rate (SR), endo‐sinus bone stability on the radiographs, mean probing depths, percentage of bleeding on probing, marginal bone loss, and patient satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsA total of 106 patients with 180 implants (hydrophilic:101, hydrophobic:79) in 119 maxillary sinuses were included. The follow‐up period ranged from 2 to 5 years. Three hydrophobic implants and one hydrophilic implant in four different patients failed. The SR of the hydrophilic group was higher than that of the hydrophobic group but without a significant difference (p > .05). The change and change rate of endo‐sinus bone height (ΔESBH and RΔESBH) and bone volume (ΔESBV and RΔESBV) in the hydrophilic group were less than those in the hydrophobic group, with a significant difference at 6 months after implantation. No other significant difference was found between the two groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic implants were suitable for LSFE with predictable clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, hydrophilic implants could contribute to the grafted endo‐sinus bone stability during healing time.
Pathological features and molecular signatures of early olfactory dysfunction in 3xTg‐AD model mice
Authors: Yu Haitao , Wang Fangzhou , Jia Dongdong , Bi Shuguang , Gong Juan , Wu Jia‐Jun , Mao Yumin , Chen Jia , Chai Gao‐Shang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlfactory dysfunction is known to be an early manifestation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanism, particularly the specific molecular events that occur during the early stages of olfactory disorders, remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we utilized transcriptomic sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and biochemical detection to investigate the specific pathological and molecular characteristics of the olfactory bulb (OB) in 4‐month‐old male triple transgenic 3xTg‐AD mice (PS1M146V/APPSwe/TauP301L).ResultsInitially, during the early stages of olfactory impairment, no significant learning and memory deficits were observed. Correspondingly, we observed significant accumulation of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and Tau pathology specifically in the OB, but not in the hippocampus. In addition, significant axonal morphological defects were detected in the olfactory bulb, cortex, and hippocampal brain regions of 3xTg‐AD mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of neuroinflammation‐related genes, accompanied by a significant decrease in neuronal activity‐related genes in the OB. Moreover, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting demonstrated an activation of glial cell biomarkers Iba1 and GFAP, along with a reduction in the expression levels of neuronal activity‐related molecules Nr4a2 and FosB, as well as olfaction‐related marker OMP.ConclusionIn sum, the early accumulation of Aβ and Tau pathology induces neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to a decrease in neuronal activity within the OB, causing axonal transport deficits that contribute to olfactory disorders. Nr4a2 and FosB appear to be promising targets for intervention aimed at improving early olfactory impairment in AD.
Dermatopathologist accuracy in classifying angioinvasive fungal infections using virtual microscopy
Authors: Harrison Iris , Patel Basil , Kunzler Elaine , Walker Addie , Missall Tricia , Motaparthi Kiran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to perceived difficulty in the categorization of angioinvasive fungal infections based on histopathology, variation exists in dermatopathology reporting.MethodsThis study characterized the diagnosis of angioinvasive fungal infections by light microscopy at a single academic institution over an 11‐year period. Subsequently, the accuracy of blinded reclassification by virtual microscopy was measured.ResultsSeventy‐six specimens with hematoxylin–eosin slides were obtained from 33 patients. The mean diagnostic accuracy of dermatopathologists in differentiating mucormycosis, hyalohyphomycosis, and phaeohyphomycosis based on blinded reclassification via virtual microscopy was 74%, with a range of 65%–91%.ConclusionsWhile there was a range in diagnostic accuracy, the highest score of 91% and the identification of common sources of error suggest that histopathologic categorization of angioinvasive fungal infections can frequently be performed. However, accurate identification is not always possible given common pitfalls in diagnosis. In addition, standardized and clinically useful reporting should be considered.
Total factor productivity, transitional dynamics and endogenous growth accounting for Latin America: Evidence from two centuries’ data
Authors: Zaman Miethy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the sources of economic growth for Latin American economies. With two centuries of data and extended growth accounting methods, the study shows that poor total factor productivity (TFP) growth is the key to understanding Latin America's low economic growth relative to other economies. Using a functional form of TFP growth, based on second‐generation growth models, furthers analyses to show some empirical evidence for growth induced by R&D, knowledge spillovers, educational attainment and the distance to the frontier. However, the magnitude effect is very small and when compared to the OECD countries, the gap between the TFP growth generating factors is very substantial. An intricate policy structure should be implemented for Latin America to foster an environment that is conducive to aid permanent TFP and economic growth.
Enhancing elementary school teachers' knowledge in managing traumatic dental injuries: The effectiveness of educational sessions
Authors: Alomari Ahlam , Hashim Raghad , Walia Tarun , Shetty Raghavendra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground/AimsThis study aims to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term effects of educational intervention on elementary school teachers' knowledge of traumatic dental injuries (TDI).Materials and MethodsThe study included all of the elementary schools (29) in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Of the initial 538 participants, 497 teachers completed the full‐length study. The first assessment (T0) was performed prior to intervention using a four‐part validated questionnaire that evaluated demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and self‐assessment in relation to TDIs. The questionnaire was followed by a 30‐min lecture presentation featuring various dental trauma scenarios. Each teacher's knowledge was reassessed immediately after the intervention (T1) and 3 months after the intervention (T2). The data were analyzed using the Cochran test, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, and chi‐squared test.ResultsHalf of the participants had witnessed dental trauma at least once; however, 96.6% of the participants had not attended any training related to dental trauma prior to the educational intervention. Knowledge regarding first aid management of broken teeth and avulsions was disappointing pre‐intervention but was significantly higher post‐intervention (p < .001). Following the workshop, participant self‐assessments indicated improvement in the ability to appropriately respond to cases of dental trauma as necessary (p < .001).ConclusionsInadequate knowledge of emergency management of TDI was demonstrated initially. There was a remarkable improvement in the overall knowledge of TDI after the educational sessions. Raising the awareness in dental trauma field by conducting educational sessions is crucial for achieving a better outcome.