bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronally Positioned Flap Procedures With or Without a Bioabsorbable Membrane in the Treatment of Human Gingival Recession
Authors: Amarante Evandro S. , Leknes Knut N. , Skavland Johanne , Lie Tryggve 
Published: February 2005

Background: A variety of surgical techniques have been used to cover recession type defects. New data have indicated that the outcome of coronally positioned flap procedures may be augmented by supporting the flap with a membrane.Methods: The present study aimed at comparing the clinical outcome following treatment of localized gingival recessions by a coronally positioned flap procedure alone, or combined with a bioabsorbable membrane. Twenty patients with buccal bilateral Miller Class I or Class II gingival recessions in cuspids or premolars participated in the study. The split‐mouth design, randomized selection of site treatment, and blind evaluation provided 20 sites in a membrane group and 20 sites in a non‐membrane group for examination at baseline, and at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. Clinical variables included the apical extent of the gingival recession, the width of the recession defect measured at the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ), and the width of keratinized tissue at the recession site as well as probing depth and attachment level.Results: Both treatments resulted in a significant gain (P <0.0001) of root coverage, amounting to an average of 2.3 mm in the membrane group and 2.5 mm in the non‐membrane group at the 6‐month evaluation. There was no significant difference between the treatments. Similarly, a significant gain of clinical attachment level was seen in the membrane (1.3 mm; P <0.001) as well as in the non‐membrane (1.5 mm; P <0.0001) group, but without a significant difference between the groups. The reduction of the recession width from baseline to 6 months was significantly greater (P <0.01) for the non‐membrane (2.3 mm) than for the membrane (1.4 mm) group. Probing depth changes were small and not significant for either of the treatments. When patients were grouped as smokers (8) and non‐smokers (12), no significant differences were revealed for any of the response variables. Overall, among the 20 membrane sites, one showed no change while the remaining 19 gained root coverage at the 6‐month examination. Five sites obtained coverage to the CEJ. Among the non‐membrane sites, all gained root coverage at 6 months and 10 sites showed complete coverage to the CEJ.Conclusions: The coronally positioned flap operation offers a predictable, simple, and convenient approach as a root coverage procedure in Miller Class I and Class II recession defects. Combining this technique with the placement of a bioabsorbable membrane does not seem to improve the results following surgical treatment of such defects. J Periodontol 2000;71:989‐998.
Calcium and the Risk For Periodontal Disease
Authors: Nishida Mieko , Grossi Sara G. , Dunford Robert G. , Ho Alex W. , Trevisan Maurizio , Genco Robert J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dietary calcium has long been a candidate to modulate periodontal disease. Animal as weii as numan stuaies of calcium intaKe, Done mineral density, and tooth loss provide a rationale for hypothesizing that low dietary intake of calcium is a risk factor for periodontal disease.Methods: We evaluated the role of dietary calcium intake as a contributing risk factor for periodontal disease utilizing the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Ill), which is representative of the US. civilian non‐institutionalized population. Dietary calcium intake was determined from a 24‐hour dietary recall. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Nutrient Database was used as a source of nutrient composition data. Periodontal disease was measured by attachment loss. In addition, serum calcium was assessed using venous blood samples. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between periodontal disease and dietary calcium intake or serum calcium levels after adjusting for covariants including age, gender, tobacco consumption, and gingival bleeding.Results: The association of lower dietary calcium intake with periodontal disease was found for young males and females (20 to 39 years of age), and for older males (40 to 59 years of age). The relationship between low dietary calcium intake and increased levels of periodontal disease showed an estimated odds ratio (OR) of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.36 to 2.48) for young males, 1.99 (95% CI: 1.34 to 2.97) for young females, and 1.90 (95% CI: 1.41 to 2.55) for the older group of males. These odds ratios were adjusted for gingival bleeding and tobacco consumption. The dose response was also seen in females, where there was 54% greater risk of periodontal disease for the lowest level of dietary calcium intake (2 to 499 mg) and 27% greater risk in females who took moderate levels of dietary calcium (500 to 799 mg) as compared to those who took 800 mg or more dietary calcium per day. A statistically significant association between low total serum calcium and periodontal disease was found in younger females aged 20 to 39 with OR = 6. l l (95% CI: 2.36 to 15.84) but not for males or older females, after adjusting for tobacco use, gingival bleeding, and dietary calcium intake.Conclusions: These results suggest that low dietary intake of calcium results in more severe periodontal disease. Further studies will be needed to better define the role of calcium in periodontal disease and to determine the extent to which calcium supplementation will modulate periodontal disease and tooth loss. J Periodontol 2000;71:1057‐1066.
Bone Mineral Density of Alveolar Bone in Rats During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Shoji K. , Ohtsuka‐Isoya M. , Horiuchi H. , Shinoda H. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of pregnancy and lactation on the bone mineral density (BMD) of alveolar bone in rats fed diets containing different amounts of calcium (Ca). The effects of different levels of Ca intake by the mothers on the BMD of alveolar bone in their pups were also examined.Methods: Ten‐week‐old female Wistar rats were housed with male rats for breeding and were divided into 3 groups fed diets containing 0.9, 0.3, and 0.02% Ca, respectively. They were further divided into 2 groups according to pregnancy or non‐pregnancy. Animals in the pregnant group were raised with their own pups for lactation. After the experiment, all animals were sacrificed, their mandibles were dissected, and soft x‐ray microradiographs were taken to determine BMD in the interdental area with an image analyzer.Results: In both groups, BMD in alveolar bone decreased based on the amount of Ca in the diet, but the magnitude of this decrease was much greater in the pregnant group than in the non‐pregnant group. There was no significant difference in BMD between 2 groups fed a 0.9% Ca diet. The BMD of alveolar bone in the pups also decreased depending on the amount of Ca in the diet.Conclusions: The above results suggest that pregnancy and subsequent lactation could be risk factors for alveolar bone loss, especially under conditions of Ca insufficiency or deficiency and that Ca insufficiency or deficiency in the mother caused decreases in the BMD of alveolar bone in the pups. J Periodontol 2000;71: 1073‐1078.
Collagen Fibers and Inflammatory Cells in Healthy and Diseased Human Gingival Tissues: A Comparative and Quantitative Study by Immunohistochemistry and Automated Image Analysis
Authors: Séguier Sylvie , Godeau Gaston , Brousse Nicole 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periodontal disease is histologically characterized by the degradation of extracellular matrix components associated with a gingival infiltration of inflammatory cell populations. The purpose of this in situ study was to quantify inflammatory cell subsets and the area fraction (AA%) occupied by collagen fibers in healthy and diseased upper gingival connective tissue in order to investigate the association, if any, between collagen loss and inflammatory cell infiltrate.Methods: Paraffin gingival tissue sections from 10 healthy controls (C), 9 patients with gingivitis (G), and 10 patients with severe chronic periodontitis (P) were immunohistochemically stained by antibodies against CD45, CD3, CD8, CD20, CD68, TIA‐1, and GrB molecules, and the collagen fibers were stained using sirius red F3Ba. The quantitative evaluations of inflammatory cell numbers and the AA% occupied by collagen fibers were performed by morphometric and automated image analysis.Results: In group P, CD45+, CD20+, CD68+, TIA‐1+, and GrB+ cell numbers were significantly increased (P <0.05) when compared to both C and G groups. The present study revealed significant differences (P <0.01) between means of AA% observed in group C (63%), group G (46%), and group P (26%), and AA% of group G and group P was inversely correlated with the numbers of TIA‐1+ cells (P <0.01) and GrB+ cells (P <0.01 and P <0.05, respectively).Conclusions: This study showed great differences in the number of the distinct inflammatory cell subsets according to the severity of the periodontal disease and suggested that activated cytotoxic cells could play a pivotal role in the loss of collagen fibers observed during these pathological states. During periodontitis, collagen loss was significantly correlated with all inflammatory cell subset numbers. Finally, the quantitative evaluation of the area fraction occupied by gingival collagen fibers may reflect the clinical severity of the periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:1079‐1085.
A Study of Attached and Oriented Human Periodontal Ligament Cells to Periodontally Diseased Cementum and Dentin After Demineralizing With Neutral and Low pH Etching Solution
Authors: Zaman Khurshid U. , Sugaya Tsutomu , Hongo Okito , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: February 2005

Background: This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively the migrated, attached, and oriented human periodontal ligament cells (HPLC) to periodontally diseased cementum and dentin after demineralization with low and neutral pH etching solution.Methods: Human teeth, extracted due to periodontal diseases, were scaled and root planed so that cementum remained on one longitudinal half of the root and dentin was exposed on the other half. Forty root slices of 200 µm thickness, obtained from the mid‐third of these roots, were divided into four groups: group 1, demineralized with a saturated solution of citric acid (pH 1.20); group 2, with 24% EDTA (pH 7.04); group 3, with tetracycline HCl 100 mg/ml (pH 2.00); and group 4, only scaled and root planed (control). Root slices were placed over the confluent HPLC in 35 mm culture dishes and incubated. Phase contrast microscopic photographs of attached and oriented refractile HPLC to root surfaces were taken at days 1, 3, and 7. Quantitative analysis of attached and oriented HPLC from these photographs was done using special software.Results: The results showed no significant difference in the attachment and orientation index of HPLC to cementum compared to dentin in any method of demineralization at each time point (P >0.05), although there was a significantly higher cell attachment and orientation index to demineralized dentin with EDTA and citric acid than to non‐etched dentin and to all 3 demineralized cementum surfaces compared to non‐etched cementum (P <0.05).Conclusions: EDTA and citric acid demineralization may enhance HPLC attachment and orientation to the root surface, and it is not always necessary to remove excessive cementum when the demineralizing procedure is used. J Periodontol 2000; 71:1094‐1099.
A Comparison Between Enamel Matrix Proteins Used Alone or in Combination With Bovine Porous Bone Mineral in the Treatment of Intrabony Periodontal Defects in Humans
Authors: Lekovic Vojislav , Camargo Paulo M. , Weinlaender Michael , Aleksic Zoran , Barrie Kenney E. , Nedic Melica 
Published: February 2005

Background: It has been shown that clinical improvement of intrabony periodontal defects can be achieved with the use of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) or by grafting with bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM). There is no report on the potential synergistic effect of EMPs and BPBM in periodontal regenerative therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness of EMPs used alone or in combination with BPBM in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects in humans.Methods: Twenty‐one paired intrabony defects were surgically treated using a split‐mouth design. Intrabony defects were treated either with enamel matrix proteins (EMP group) or with enamel matrix proteins combined with bovine porous bone mineral (EMP/BPBM group). Re‐entry surgeries were performed at 6 months.Results: Preoperative probing depths, attachment levels, and transoperative bone measurements were similar for the EMP and EMP/BPBM groups. Postsurgical measurements taken at 6 months revealed a significantly greater reduction in probing depth in the EMP/BPBM group (3.43 ± 1.32 mm on buccal sites and 3.36 ± 1.35 mm on lingual sites) when compared to the EMP group (1.91 ± 1.42 mm on buccal sites and 1.85 ± 1.38 mm on lingual sites). The EMP/BPBM group also presented with significantly more attachment gain (3.13 ± 1.41 mm on buccal sites and 3.11 ± 1.39 mm on lingual sites) than the EMP group (1.72 ± 1.33 mm on buccal sites and 1.75 ± 1.37 mm on lingual sites). Surgical re‐entry of the treated defects revealed a significantly greater amount of defect fill in favor of the EMP/BPBM group (3.82 ± 1.43 mm on buccal sites and 3.74 ± 1.38 mm on lingual sites) as compared to the EMP group (1.33 ± 1.17 mm on buccal sites and 1.41 ± 1.19 mm on lingual sites).Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that BPBM has the ability to augment the effects of EMPs in reducing probing depth, improving clinical attachment levels, and promoting defect fill when compared to presurgical levels. J Periodontol 2000;71:1110‐1116.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Involvement in Adult Periodontitis and Possible Modification of Strain Classification
Authors: Roques Christine G. , Kaddouri Said El , Barthet Pierre , Duffort Jean‐François , Arellano Michel 
Published: February 2005

Background: This investigation was designed to evaluate the involvement of Fusobacterium nucleatum clinical strains in adult periodontitis by subspecies and expression of hemagglutination activity.Methods: Forty‐nine Fusobacterium strains were isolated from 40 sites in 40 subjects presenting with adult periodontitis. F. nucleatum subspecies identification was based on the electrophoretic migration of glutamate dehydrogenase and 2‐oxoglutarate reductase. Hemagglutination activity and inhibition by galactose were tested on sheep erythrocytes.Results: The 49 isolates belonged to the F. nucleatum species with a predominance of the nucleatum (34.7%) followed by the vincentii (26.5%) subspecies. In parallel, 71% of the strains belonging to the nucleatum subspecies were preferentially associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens detection was essentially correlated with identification of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies vincentii. No correlation was established between any particular subspecies and the pathogenicity factors tested (hemagglutination and production of short‐chain fatty acids). On the other hand, significant predominance (65%, P = 0.017) of strongly hemagglutinating strains (titre ≥8 U) was observed in the sites where Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens and/or Campylobacter rectus were not detected. These strains also showed higher butyric acid production.Conclusion: The importance of the adherence factors for Fusobacterium nucleatum strains and their multimodal aspect may indicate a higher pathogenicity or a higher involvement of certain strains and could lead to a classification of these strains, which is more closely related to their implication in the development of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2000;71:1144‐1150.
The Use of Hydroxyapatite Bone Cement for Sinus Floor Augmentation With Simultaneous Implant Placement in the Atrophic Maxilla. A Report of 10 Cases
Authors: Mazor Ziv , Peleg Michael , Garg Arun K. , Chaushu Gavriel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Dental implant placement associated with sinus floor augmentation in a severely atrophic maxilla can be performed in a 1‐ or 2‐stage surgical procedure, depending on the height of the residual alveolar bone. A minimum of 4 to 5 mm is recommended for a 1‐stage procedure.Methods: This clinical study describes the use of hydroxyapatite (HA) bone cement to stabilize HAcoated cylindrical implants placed simultaneously during sinus augmentation in 10 patients where insuf‐ficient bone volume did not allow primary implant stability. A total of 26 HA‐coated dental implants were inserted in 10 grafted sinuses of 10 patients.Results: None of the cases presented any difficulty in achieving initial stabilization and parallelism. No clinical complications of the sinuses were evident. Prior to exposure, radiographic evaluation revealed the implants embedded in a densely homogeneous radiopaque mass. At second‐stage surgery, there was no clinical evidence of crestal bone loss around the implants. All implants were clinically osseointegrated. All patients received fixed implant‐supported prostheses. Mean follow‐up was 18 months (range 12 to 24 months).Conclusions: According to this preliminary study, the hydroxyapatite bone cement appears to hold great promise as a grafting alloplastic material for sinus floor augmentations. Its main advantage is its ability to provide initial stability required for osseointegration and proper implant location and parallelism. Further clinical and histological studies are required before it can be recommended for routine use in sinus lift procedures. J Periodontol 2000;71:1187‐1194.
Spontaneous Early Exposure of Submerged Implants: III. Histopathology of Perforated Mucosa Covering Submerged Implants
Authors: Tal Haim , Dayan Dan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Spontaneous early exposure of dental implants could interfere with the early healing phase of dental implants. These exposures have been clinically classified according to degree of implant exposure from 0 (intact mucosa) to IV (complete exposure). The characteristics of perforated mucosa (Class I and II) covering submerged dental implants were examined histologically in this study.Methods: Biopsy specimens of 34 Class I and II perforated mucosa covering submerged dental implants were examined histologically. Serial sections were evaluated from the periphery of the specimen to the center of each perforation lesion.Results: Class I specimens presented hyperplastic epithelium characterized by hyperparakeratosis and acanthosis. Chronic inflammatory cells diffusely infiltrated the connective tissue. Sections closer to the perforation revealed gradual epithelial invagination; in the deepest aspect, there was a cyst‐like structure in all Class I specimens examined. A thin layer of connective tissue containing necrotic material and debris formed the “cystic” wall proximal to the implant cover screw. Class II specimens presented the same epithelial patterns; however, the cystic structures were replaced by direct contact between the cover screw and the oral cavity via the perforation.Conclusions: Spontaneous early perforations are the sequela of either traumatic irritation or failure of the tissue flaps to produce primary healing. Most Class I perforations include epithelial invagination and the formation of a cyst‐like structure. Necrosis of the base of the “cyst” or enlargement of the perforation results in direct communication between the oral cavity and the covering screw surface (Class II). J Periodontol 2000;71:1231‐1235.
Effectiveness of Local Delivery of Alendronate in Reducing Alveolar Bone Loss Following Periodontal Surgery in Rats
Authors: Binderman I. , Adut M. , Yaffe A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Mucoperiosteal flaps are used to access bone and root surfaces for debridement, pocket elimination, management of periodontal defects, and in regenerative procedures, as well as in implant surgery. Many reports show that periodontal surgery stimulates osteoclast activity with varying amounts of alveolar bone loss. Alendronate given intravenously significantly reduced alveolar bone loss in mucoperiosteal flap procedures. In the present study, we explored the effectiveness of different concentrations of alendronate, delivered at the surgical site at the time of surgery, in distant delivery in reducing alveolar bone loss.Methods: Following elevation of a mucoperiosteal flap next to molars of the rat mandible, a gelatin sponge soaked with different concentrations of alendronate (0, 1, 5, 20, or 40 mg/ml; experiment A) was applied to exposed bone on the experimental side. In the second group (experiment B), alendronate (0, 50, 200, or 400 µg) was topically delivered in the cheek submucosa on the left side (distant to the surgical site) in a small cut into which the gelatin sponge soaked with the drug was placed.Results: Topical application of 200 µg and 400 µg doses of alendronate at the time of surgery was significantly effective (P <0.001) in reducing bone loss. Generally, the percentage of sections with mild bone loss (V1, V2) increased with an increase in the dose of alendronate, while the percentage of sections with severe bone loss (H1, H2) decreased with an increase in alendronate dose. Topical application of 400 µg of alendronate had a systemic effect.Conclusions: This study implies that topical delivery of alendronate at the time of surgery reduces bone loss in periodontal procedures involving mucoperiosteal flap surgery. The most effective dose is 200 µg for topical delivery at the surgical site and 400 µg for distant sites. J Periodontol 2000;71:1236‐1240.
The Mouthwash: A Non‐Invasive Sampling Method to Study Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Laine Marja L. , Farré Maria A. , Crusius J. Bart A. , van Winkelhoff Arie‐Jan , Peña A. Salvador 
Published: February 2005

Background: We describe a simple, non‐invasive mouthwash sampling method for rapid DNA isolation to detect cytokine gene polymorphisms. In the present paper, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1B) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN) gene polymorphisms were studied.Methods: Two mouthwash samples and blood samples were collected from 11 healthy individuals. The second mouthwash sample was stored for 7 days at room temperature. Polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to identify a bi‐allelic polymorphism at position +3953 in the IL‐1B gene and a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in the IL‐1RN gene.Results: Our results show that the typing of these cytokine gene polymorphisms using DNA isolated from mouthwash samples did not differ from those obtained by a phenol/chloroform isolation method from EDTA anti‐coagulated blood. Moreover, reliable results from mouthwash samples were obtained after storage for at least 7 days at room temperature.Conclusions: Mouthwash can be the method of choice to study gene polymorphisms in periodontitis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. J Periodontol 2000;71:1315‐1318.