bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial interventions for carers of people with severe mental and substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sampogna Gaia , Brohan Elaine , Luciano Mario , Chowdhary Neerja , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe mental disorders – such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders – exert a negative impact not only on affected people but also on their carers. To support carers of people with severe mental disorders, several psychosocial interventions have been developed.

Methods
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether psychosocial interventions for carers of persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorders produce benefit/harm with respect to a series of outcomes – including subjective and objective burden, depressive symptoms, well-being/quality of life, sleep, skills/knowledge, self-efficacy, physical health – as compared to standard support/support as usual or other control conditions.

Results
In carers of persons with schizophrenia, psychoeducational interventions were associated with significant improvement in personal burden, well-being, and knowledge about the illness; and a supportive-educational intervention with an improvement in personal burden. In carers of persons with bipolar disorder, psychoeducational interventions were associated with significant improvement in personal burden and depressive symptoms; family-led supportive interventions with an improvement in family burden; family-focused intervention and online “mi.spot” intervention with a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Psychosocial interventions used for carers of persons with substance use disorders were found to be overall effective on the level of well-being, but the low number of trials did not allow detection of differences between the various psychosocial interventions.

Conclusions
The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, suggesting the need for further better-quality research.
Toll-like receptor signalling via IRAK4 affects epithelial integrity and tightness through regulation of junctional tension
Authors: Peterson Jesse , Balogh Sivars Kinga , Bianco Ambra , Röper Katja 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mammalian systems are well known for their role in innate immunity. In addition, TLRs also fulfil crucial functions outside immunity, including the dorsoventral patterning function of the original Toll receptor in Drosophila and neurogenesis in mice. Recent discoveries in flies suggested key roles for TLRs in epithelial cells in patterning of junctional cytoskeletal activity. Here, we address the function of TLRs and the downstream key signal transduction component IRAK4 in human epithelial cells. Using differentiated human Caco-2 cells as a model for the intestinal epithelium, we show that these cells exhibit baseline TLR signalling, as revealed by p-IRAK4, and that blocking IRAK4 function leads to a loss of epithelial tightness involving key changes at tight and adherens junctions, such as a loss of epithelial tension and changes in junctional actomyosin. Changes upon IRAK-4 inhibition are conserved in human bronchial epithelial cells. Knockdown of IRAK4 and certain TLRs phenocopies the inhibitor treatment. These data suggest a model whereby TLR receptors near epithelial junctions might be involved in a continuous sensing of the epithelial state to promote epithelial tightness and integrity.
ARRDC5 deficiency impairs spermatogenesis by affecting SUN5 and NDC1
Authors: Liu Ruyi , Qu Ronggui , Li Qun , Chen Biaobang , Mu Jian , Zeng Yang , Luo Yuxi , Xu Fangzhou , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhihua , Sang Qing 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Sperm with normal morphology and motility are essential for successful fertilization, and the strong attachment of the sperm head-tail coupling apparatus to the nuclear envelope during spermatogenesis is required to ensure the integrity of sperm for capacitation and fertilization. Here, we report that Arrdc5 is associated with spermatogenesis. The Arrdc5 knockout mouse model showed male infertility characterized by a high bent-head rate and reduced motility in sperm, which led to capacitation defects and subsequent fertilization failure. Through mass spectrometry, we found that ARRDC5 affects spermatogenesis by affecting NDC1 and SUN5. We further found that ARRDC5 might affect the vesicle-trafficking protein SEC22A-mediated transport and localization of NDC1, SUN5 and other head-tail coupling apparatus-related proteins that are responsible for initiating the attachment of the sperm head and tail. We finally performed intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a way to explore therapeutic strategies. Our findings demonstrate the essential role and the underlying molecular mechanism of ARRDC5 in anchoring the sperm head to the tail during spermatogenesis.
DEK oncoprotein participates in heterochromatin replication via SUMO-dependent nuclear bodies
Authors: Pierzynska-Mach Agnieszka , Czada Christina , Vogel Christopher , Gwosch Eva , Osswald Xenia , Bartoschek Denis , Diaspro Alberto , Kappes Ferdinand , Ferrando-May Elisa 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The correct inheritance of chromatin structure is key for maintaining genome function and cell identity and preventing cellular transformation. DEK, a conserved non-histone chromatin protein, has recognized tumor-promoting properties, its overexpression being associated with poor prognosis in various cancer types. At the cellular level, DEK displays pleiotropic functions, influencing differentiation, apoptosis and stemness, but a characteristic oncogenic mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we report the identification of DEK bodies, focal assemblies of DEK that regularly occur at specific, yet unidentified, sites of heterochromatin replication exclusively in late S-phase. In these bodies, DEK localizes in direct proximity to active replisomes in agreement with a function in the early maturation of heterochromatin. A high-throughput siRNA screen, supported by mutational and biochemical analyses, identifies SUMO as one regulator of DEK body formation, linking DEK to the complex SUMO protein network that controls chromatin states and cell fate. This work combines and refines our previous data on DEK as a factor essential for heterochromatin integrity and facilitating replication under stress, and delineates an avenue of further study for unraveling the contribution of DEK to cancer development.
Segregacja mobilności w ujęciu biograficznym
Authors: Grzegorczyk Anna 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the article is to present mobility segregation and its scope in the life of a female resident of Warsaw with a low social profile who lives among people of different social status, and to answer the question: does the level of mobility segregation change over the course of her life. Based on traditional narrative-biographical interviews, the mobility biography method was used to collect biographical material, and then to identify everyday mobility practices and the level of mobility segregation. Moreover, it was employed to develop a biographical axis of mobility segregation. This article presents the case of one narrator, on the basis of which it was demonstrated that mobility segregation changes over the life course, and when experienced in everyday life, it is a more significant social problem than social segregation, measured by quantitative research at a given moment in life.
Samoocena poziomu stresu mieszkańców Trójmiasta, Kielc i Lwowa podczas pandemii COVID-19
Authors: Michalski Tomasz , Brosz Maciej , Kiniorska Iwona , Matviyishyn Yevhen , Grabowski Jakub , Strzałkowska Anna , Anisiewicz Renata 
Published: November 2023

The aim of the study is to determine the stress level among the adult residents of Tri-City (Gdańsk, Gdynia, Sopot), Kielce and Lviv. The study was conducted in January and February 2022. Use was made of a short questionnaire of 25 closed questions, including two scalograms (one covered 10 questions on the sources of experienced anxiety, and the other one was also a 10-item PSS-10 test – Perceived Stress Scale). In the analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were applied. In the case of obtaining a statistically significant result of intergroup comparisons, post hoc tests were conducted in order to minimize the error resulting from unequal sample sizes. The stress index level measured by the PSS-10 test amounted to 15.71 in the entire sample, and it was significantly lower among the inhabitants of Lviv (11.94) than in Tri-City (18.07) and Kielce (17.09). When asked about concerns related to the COVID-19 epidemic, the respondents provided different answers depending on the country they lived in. Among the sources of perceived anxiety, residents of Polish cities indicated other people’s attitudes (Tri-City – 55.1%, Kielce – 58.7%) and difficulties in access to health services (64.0% – Kielce, 41.3% – Tri-City). A major source of anxiety for the inhabitants of Ukrainian Lviv, however, was the health of relatives (53.2%) and their own health (49.9%).
Scenariusze odnowy małych miast. Wyzwania i problemy rewitalizacji wybranych ośrodków województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego
Authors: Musiaka Łukasz , Sudra Paweł , Spórna Tomasz , Spadło Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

The main research objective of this paper is to assess the spatial aspects of the revitalisation of small towns in the Voivodeship of Varmia and Masuria on the example of Kisielice, Lubawa and Węgorzewo. The selected towns were destroyed during World War II on a scale of more than 70% of their built-up area. They represent different forms of post-war reconstruction and have a diverse scale and nature of contemporary functional and spatial challenges. The article analyses the effectiveness of urban regeneration tools in the form of local revitalisation programmes (LPR) and the supra-local revitalisation programme within the Cittaslow network for the processes of physical renewal of urban fabric. The primary research method was the analysis of strategic and development documents drawn at various levels. In addition, study visits to the examined towns were conducted, and use was made of the consulting and advising experience offered to local governments as well as expert interviews. Both local programmes and the supra-local programme have played an essential role in the regeneration process of the towns under study, both spatially, functionally and as a platform for promotion and cooperation. However, the organisational and legal framework to date is not flawless and does not meet the current needs of local authorities. The introduction of the Revitalisation Act in 2015 and the implementation of new solutions in the form of municipal revitalisation programmes (GPR) were an attempt to overcome the low effectiveness of the existing tools. The new solutions provide an opportunity to continue ongoing projects and to start a new urban renewal and development stage. This is particularly important in a region facing enormous demographic, social and economic challenges and the still-felt repercussions of the Second World War and the subsequent spatial changes.
OUTCOME OF PROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION (PJI) IS MORE DEPENDENT ON JS-BACH CLASSIFICATION THAN TREATMENT METHOD
Authors: Hotchen Andrew , Wismayer Martina , Dudareva Maria , Sigmund Irene Katharina , McNally Martin 
Published: November 2023

AimTo compare outcomes of PJI in relation to treatment method versus classification using the JS-BACH system.MethodPatients having surgery for EBJIS Criteria Confirmed PJI between 2010–2015 were included. Index surgical procedures were 1-stage or 2-stage revision or debridement and implant retention (DAIR). Patients completed the EuroQol EQ-5D-3L questionnaire and were followed clinically to a median of 4.7 years (IQR 2.7–6.7 years). Patients were stratified using the JS-BACH classification1 into either ‘Uncomplicated’, ‘Complex’ or having ‘Limited treatment options’, by two separate classifiers, blinded to clinical outcome.Results216 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 51 patients classified as Uncomplicated (23.6%), 127 (58.8%) as Complex and 38 (17.6%) having Limited treatment options. Patients underwent either DAIR (n=97), 1-stage (n=35) or 2-stage (n=84) revision. Patients classified as Uncomplicated PJI had the lowest risk of recurrence or treatment failure, regardless of index procedure performed. Complex patients were significantly more likely than Uncomplicated patients to have recurrence following 2-stage revision (Odds Ratio 1.85; p=0.040) or DAIR (OR 1.83; p=0.037), but not 1-stage revision (OR 0.518; p=0.675). Limited treatment option patients had the highest recurrence risk regardless of index procedure (1-stage: OR 2.5 p=0.036; 2-stage: OR 3.3 p=0.004; DAIR: OR 3.40 p=0.006).At one year after surgery, Uncomplicated patients had the highest EQ-index scores (a marker of Quality of Life), with all treatments (EQ-5D-3L mean index scores; Uncomp 0.773, Complex 0.512, Limited Options 0.310: p<0.01). Differences in patient-reported outcomes were greater between the JS-BACH classification groups than between any methods of treatment.ConclusionsThe JS-BACH classification effectively predicted outcome after three common PJI treatments. Comparing outcomes between treatments, without stratification of the patients, may be misleading as factors other than treatment method have a major effect on outcome. Classification may allow better allocation of individual treatments to provide optimal outcome for patients.
OUTCOMES OF MEGA-ENDOPROSTHESIS IN LOWER LIMB PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTIONS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: Anibueze Chukwudubem , Mudiganty Srikanth , George David , McCulloch Robert , Warren Simon , Miles Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AimMega-endoprosthesis over the last two decades have played a significant role in management of non-neoplastic cases for limb salvage for a variety of indications involving bone loss, infection, fracture and failed revision surgery. This is a retrospective case control study comparing outcomes of Mega-Endoprosthesis (MEP) in non-neoplastic cases with periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), with previous history of PJI and aseptic revision. Failure was defined as persistence/recurrence of infection, all cause revision, and antibiotic suppression during the follow up period. Secondary aims were identification of causative organisms, resistance profile and causative factors for revision surgery.MethodA total of 122 patients undergoing 133 MEPs were identified between January 2012 and December 2020. 60 procedures were categorised as group 1 (infection; 50%), 20 as group 2 (previous history of infection; 16.7%), and 53 controls (no infection; 44.2%). Mean age of the cohort was 70.97 years (37.16–94.17), with a mean follow-up of 44.5 months (0.2–179) including patients lost to follow up.ResultsOverall failure rate was 71/133 53.3% (group 1 39/60 (55.56%), group 2 12/20 (60%) and controls 20/53 (37.7%)). Thirteen patients died in the first 2 years (five in group 1, one in group 2 & seven in controls). The most common postoperative infection was polymicrobial followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus Species (CoNS) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Nineteen patients had polymicrobial PJI (Eighteen in group 1 and one in control). CoNS led to postoperative infection in Fifteen patients (six in group 1, five in group 2 and four in control group). MSSA was the pathogen in four patients (three in group-1 and one in the control group). The same organisms were responsible for recurrent infection in fourteen patients in group 1 and one patient in group 2. Limb salvage was achieved in 96.2% overall (95% group 1, 90% group 2, 100% control group).ConclusionsMEPs in the context of PJI have a significant risk of failure however they play an important role in limb salvage. Patients should be counselled appropriately prior to surgery.
FRACTURE-RELATED INFECTION: PREVALENCE AND APPLICATION OF THE NEW CONSENSUS DEFINITION IN A COHORT OF 1,004 SURGICALLY TREATED ANKLE FRACTURES
Authors: Pilskog Kristian , Høvding Pål , Fenstad Anne Marie , Inderhaug Eivind , Fevang Jonas Meling , Dale Håvard 
Published: November 2023

AimSurgical treatment of ankle fractures comes with a substantial risk of complications, including infection. An unambiguously definition of fracture-related infections (FRI) has been missing. Recently, FRI has been defined by a consensus group with a diagnostic algorithm containing suggestive and confirmatory criteria. The aim of the current study was to report the prevalence of FRI in patients operated for ankle fractures and to assess the applicability of the diagnostic algorithm from the consensus group.MethodRecords of all patients with surgically treated ankle fractures from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed for signs of postoperative infections. Patients with suspected infection were stratified according to confirmatory or suggestive criteria of FRI. Rate of FRI among patients with confirmatory and suggestive criteria were calculated.ResultsSuspected infection was found in 104 (10%) out of 1004 patients. Among those patients, confirmatory criteria were met in 76/104 (73%) patients and suggestive criteria were met in 28/104 (27%) at first evaluation. Patients with clinical confirmatory criteria (N= 76) were diagnosed with FRI. Patients with suggestive criteria were further examined with either bacterial sampling at the outpatient clinic, revision surgery including bacterial sampling, or a wait-and-see approach. Eleven (39%) of the 28 patients had positive cultures and were therefore diagnosed as having FRI at second evaluation. In total 87 (9%) patients were diagnosed with FRI according to the consensus definition. Only 73 (70%) of the 104 patients with suspected FRI had adequate bacterial sampling.ConclusionsThe prevalence of FRI, applying the FRI-consensus criteria, for patients with surgically treated ankle fractures was 9%. Twenty-two percent of patients who met the confirmatory criteria had negative bacterial cultures. The current study shows that we did not have a systematic approach to patients with suspected FRI as recommended by the consensus group. A systematic approach to adequate bacterial sampling when FRI is suspected is paramount. The consensus definition of FRI and its diagnostic algorithm facilitates such an approach.
NOVEL ANTIMICROBIAL COATING ON TITANIUM WITH STABLE NON-ANTIBIOTIC QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS TO PREVENT IMPLANT-ASSOCIATED INFECTION
Authors: Riool Martijn , Li Rui , van Hofwegen Laure , Vavilthota Nikitha , de Boer Leonie , Loontjens Jacobus , Zaat Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

AimThe use of medical devices has grown significantly over the last decades, and has become a major part of modern medicine and our daily life. Infection of implanted medical devices (biomaterials), like titanium orthopaedic implants, can have disastrous consequences, including removal of the device. For still not well understood reasons, the presence of a foreign body strongly increases susceptibility to infection. These so-called biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Formation of biofilms on the biomaterial surface is generally considered the main reason for these persistent infections, although bacteria may also enter the surrounding tissue and become internalized within host cells. To prevent biofilm formation using a non-antibiotic based strategy, we aimed to develop a novel permanently fixed antimicrobial coating for titanium devices based on stable immobilized quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs).MethodMedical grade titanium implants (10×4×1 mm) were dip-coated in a solution of 10% (w/v) hyperbranched polymer, subsequently in a solution of 30% (w/v) polyethyleneimine and 10 mM sodium iodide, using a dip-coater, followed by a washing step for 10 min in ethanol. The QAC-coating was characterized using water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, AFM and XPS. The antimicrobial activity of the coating was evaluated against S. aureus strain JAR060131 and S. epidermidis strain ATCC 12228 using the JIS Z 2801:2000 surface microbicidal assay. Lastly, we assessed the in vivo antimicrobial activity in a mouse subcutaneous implant infection model with S. aureus administered locally on the QAC-coated implants prior to implantation to mimic contamination during surgery.ResultsDetailed material characterization of the titanium samples showed the presence of a homogenous and stable coating layer at the titanium surface. Moreover, the coating successfully killed S. aureus and S. epidermidis in vitro. The QAC-coating strongly reduced S. aureus colonization of the implant surface as well as of the surrounding tissue, with no apparent macroscopic signs of toxicity or inflammation in the peri-implant tissue at 1 and 4 days after implantation.ConclusionsAn antimicrobial coating with stable quaternary ammonium compounds on titanium has been developed which holds promise to prevent BAI. Non-antibiotic-based antimicrobial coatings have great significance in guiding the design of novel antimicrobial coatings in the present, post-antibiotic era.
IS AN ISOLATED POSITIVE SONICATION FLUID CULTURE IN REVISION ARTHROPLASTIES CLINICALLY RELEVANT?
Authors: Rondaan Christien , Maso Alessandra , Birlutiu Rares Mircea , Fernandez Marta , de Brito Vicens Diaz , Salles Mauro Jose Costa , Junyent Joan Gómez , del Toro Maria Dolores , Hofstätter Jochen , Moreno Jaime Esteban , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan 
Published: November 2023

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of an isolated positive sonication fluid culture (SFC) in patients who underwent revision surgery of a prosthetic joint. We hypothesized that cases with a positive SFC have a higher rate of infection and prosthesis failure during follow-up compared to controls with a negative SFC.MethodThis retrospective multicentre observational study was performed within the European Study Group of Implant-Associated Infections (ESGIAI). All patients who underwent revision surgery of a prosthetic joint between 2013 and 2019 and had a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. Patients with positive tissue cultures or synovial fluid cultures were excluded from the study.Results95 cases (positive SFC) and 201 controls (negative SFC) were included. There was no difference in infection and prosthesis failure during follow-up between both groups. When solely analysing patients that were not treated with antibiotics, 16% of the cases had an infection during follow-up versus 5% of the controls (P 0.046).ConclusionsWithholding antimicrobial treatment in patients with an isolated positive SFC is associated with a higher reinfection rate. Antimicrobial treatment should be considered in isolated positive SFC, especially in case of high virulent pathogens.
“We will not atikuloot our future!”
Authors: Ugah Helen Ufuoma 
Published: November 2023

This study argues that stance-taking, a discourse strategy in linguistics, serves the purpose of giving citizens voices to engage politicians on different social media platforms and taking them to task on their political agendas during electioneering campaigns. It aims to evince the extent to which Nigerians utilise Nigerianness – the domestication and acculturation of English language, to express their stances about the various socio-political realities in Nigeria. It deploys online comments generated from 20 posts in Nairaland and Sahara Reporters about the Nigerian 2019 general elections, and applies Martin/White’s (2005) Appraisal Theory to address Nigerians’ functional use of Nigerianness to embody their perceptions of the Nigerian socio-political dynamics.
The study evinces that online forums are public spaces that enable Nigerians to follow up on and participate in debates on political events in the country, and the use of Nigerianness gives insight into the expectations of Nigerians from their political leaders.