bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel System for the Simultaneous Analysis ofGeminivirus DNA Replication and Plant Interactions inNicotianabenthamiana
Authors: Hong Yiguo , Stanley John , van Wezel Rene 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACTThe origin of replication of African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and a gene expression vector based onPotato virus Xwere exploited to devise an in planta system for functional analysis of the geminivirus replication-associated protein (Rep) in transgenicNicotiana benthamianaline pOri-2. This line contains an integrated copy of a tandem repeat of the ACMV origin of replication flanking nonviral sequences that can be mobilized and replicated by Rep as an episomal replicon. A Rep-GFP fusion protein can also mobilize and amplify the replicon, facilitating Rep detection in planta. The activity of Rep and its mutants, Rep-mediated host response, and the correlation between Rep intracellular localization and biological functions could be effectively assessed by using this in planta system. Our results indicate that modification of amino acid residues R2, R5, R7and K11or H56, L57and H58prevent Rep function in replication. This defect correlates with possible loss of Rep nuclear localization and inability to trigger the host defense mechanism resembling a hypersensitive response.
Characterizationof Murine Leukemia Virus Restriction inMammals
Authors: Besnier Caroline , Ylinen Laura , Strange Benjamin , Lister Adrian , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Goff Stephen P. , Towers Greg J. 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT
Restriction
of murine leukemia virus (MLV) was examined in cells from a range of
mammals. All nonmurine restrictions were saturable blocks to N-tropic
MLV infection, and several were prior to reverse transcription. We
demonstrate restriction in cells from bat and show that if we express
the murine restriction factor Fv1 in human cells, then Fv1, not the
human host, defines the stage at which infection is
blocked.
HumanImmunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Nuclear Import and Integration AreMitosis Independent in CyclingCells
Authors: Katz Richard A. , Greger James G. , Boimel Pamela , Skalka Anna Marie 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT
An
essential step in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
replication is the movement of the viral preintegration complex from
the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The pathway(s) and timing for HIV-1 DNA
nuclear entry in cycling cells have not been established. Here, we show
that if cycling cells are infected before S phase, viral DNA can be
integrated prior to passage of the host DNA replication fork through
the integration site, as indicated by stable inheritance in both
daughter cells. We conclude that efficient nuclear entry can occur
independently of mitotic nuclear disassembly in cycling
cells.
FolateReceptor Alpha and Caveolae Are Not Required for Ebola VirusGlycoprotein-Mediated ViralInfection
Authors: Simmons Graham , Rennekamp Andrew J. , Chai Ning , Vandenberghe Luk H. , Riley James L. , Bates Paul 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT
Folate
receptor alpha (FRα) has been described as a factor involved in
mediating Ebola virus entry into cells
(6). Furthermore, it was
suggested that interaction with FRα results in internalization
and subsequent viral ingress into the cytoplasm via caveolae
(9). Descriptions of
cellular receptors for Ebola virus and its entry mechanisms are of
fundamental importance, particularly with the advent of vectors bearing
Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) being utilized for gene transfer into
cell types such as airway epithelial cells. Thus, the ability of
FRα to mediate efficient entry of viral pseudotypes carrying GP
was investigated. We identified cell lines and primary cell types such
as macrophages that were readily infected by GP pseudotypes despite
lacking detectable surface FRα, indicating that this receptor
is not essential for Ebola virus infection. Furthermore, we find that
T-cell lines stably expressing FRα are not infectible,
suggesting that FRα is also not sufficient to mediate entry.
T-cell lines lack caveolae, the predominant route of
FRα-mediated folate metabolism. However, the coexpression of
FRα with caveolin-1, the major structural protein of caveolae,
was not able to rescue infectivity in a T-cell line. In addition, other
cell types lacking caveolae are fully infectible by GP pseudotypes.
Finally, a panel of ligands to and soluble analogues of FRα
were unable to inhibit infection on a range of cell lines, questioning
the role of FRα as an important factor for Ebola virus
entry.
Integrinα3β1 Is an Alternative Cellular Receptor for AdenovirusSerotype5
Authors: Salone Barbara , Martina Yuri , Piersanti Stefania , Cundari Enrico , Cherubini Gioia , Franqueville Laure , Failla Cristina M. , Boulanger Pierre , Saggio Isabella 
Published: November 2003

ABSTRACT
Many
adenovirus serotypes enter cells by high-affinity binding to the
coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrin-mediated
internalization. In the present study, we analyzed the possible
receptor function of α3β1 for adenovirus serotype 5
(Ad5). We found that penton base and integrin α3β1
could interact in vitro. In vivo, both Ad5-cell binding and
virus-mediated transduction were inhibited in the presence of
anti-α3 and anti-β1 function-blocking antibodies, and
this occurred in both CAR-positive and CAR-negative cell lines. Peptide
library screenings and data from binding experiments with wild-type and
mutant penton base proteins suggest that the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) in the
penton base protein, the best known integrin binding motif, is only
part of the binding interface with α3β1, which involved
multiple additional contact
sites.
In Words and Pictures: the Sun in 2 Samuel 12:7-12
Authors: van Wolde Ellen 
Published: November 2003

AbstractA cognitive web with different layers of emotion spreads over the text of 2 Samuel 12, in which the sun plays an important role. The unique linguistic combinations in vv. 11-12 show the sun's personified role. Iconographic study clarifies the sun as an image loaded with strong emotional feelings. Thus, it becomes understandable why the sun could function for the contemporaneous reader as a metonym which activates the contiguity between the character of David and a material object, possibly the sun emblem on the royal throne. It is before the vigilant eye of this sun, as the all-seeing judge, that Yhwh 's verdict will be executed. Every reader since, all those who know of the sun's cultural and religious power as well as of Yhwh 's, all those who read in the textual context about desire, lust and murder and about the king's devotion to the royal throne, can experience the sparks of thrill and fear in this text.
Gazing Back At the Shulammite, Yet Again
Authors: Brenner Athalya 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this short note a rereading of SoS 7:1-7 is coupled with a reading of an episode from 'Hassan of Basra', of the Thousand and One Nights collection. The comparison between the two so-called 'poems of physical description', of the Shulammite and the Bird Woman respectively, raises once again issues of visual as against emotive content, gender provenance and gender performance for the SoS text.
Proving Yahweh Killed His Wife (Zechariah 5:5-11)
Authors: Edelman Diana 
Published: November 2003

AbstractUsing an alternative form of scholarship, issues concerning how meaning is determined when reading an ancient text, the development of monotheism with the resulting need to reinterpret older Yahwistic texts, and how to understand divine motivations are explored. The piece is cast as a class action suit brought by modern humans against Yahweh in the heavenly court for murdering his wife, Asherah, citing Zech. 5:5-11 as evidence to support the accusation. Yahweh is defendant, self-appointed counsel and judge, whose cross-examination highlights all three issues. The case remains unresolved, as do answers to the issues.
Rhetorische Fragen!? Eine Aufkündigung Des Konsenses Über Psalm 88:11-13 Und Seine Bedeutung Für Das Alttestamentliche Reden Von Gott Und Tod
Authors: Crüsemann Frank 
Published: November 2003

Abstract“Wirst du an den Toten ein Wunder tun?" Es besteht ein breiter Konsens in der Bibelwissenschaft, dass die Fragen in Ps. 88:11ff rein rhetorisch sind und sich in ihnen eine grundsätzliche Distanz Gottes zu den Toten ausdrückt, ein “theologisches Vakuum," das nur an den Rändern des Kanons, in den apokalyptischen Vorstellungen der Spätzeit überwunden wird. Der Aufsatz will diesen Konsens in Frage stellen. Ausgangspunkt sind hymnische und prophetische Aussagen über Jhwhs Macht über die Scheol (Am 9:2; 1 Sam. 2:6), aber auch Psalm 88 selbst, wo die Distanz zu Gott durch Gott selbst bewirkt ist (v.7 u.a.), also auch durch ihn rückgängig gemacht werden kann. Hinter dem Konsens steht wohl ein neuzeitlich-naturwissenschaftliches Verständnis des physischen Todes, durch das die Macht des Todes in Erfahrungen wie Krankheit und Not vom “realen" Tod entgegen Sprache und Vorstellung der Bibel getrennt wird. Religionsgeschichtlich spricht alles dafür, dass mit der Entstehung eines radikalen Alleinverehrungsanspruchs des israelitischen Gottes, also wahrscheinlich seit der Zeit Elias, dieser Gott auch dem Totengott überlegen ist und also Macht über Tod und Totenreich hat. Dafür sprechen u.a. Erzählungen über Totenerweckungen und Entrückungen, aber auch israelitische Grabinschriften schon der Königszeit. Die Fragen in Psalm 88 sind also echte Fragen an Gott und enthalten in nuce die spätere Sprache der Auferstehung.
Psalms, Philippians 2:6-11, and the Origins of Christology
Authors: Collins Adela Yarbro 
Published: November 2003

AbstractStudents of early Christianity recognized long ago that the canonical psalms of the Jewish Bible provided a framework of meaning in which the followers of Jesus could make sense of his crucifixion. This novel hermeneutic is evident in the allusions to the Psalms in the passion narrative of the Gospel according to Mark. It appears also in the Markan Jesus's explanation of the need for the Son of Man to suffer. Most students of the New Testament today understand Philippians 2:6-11 as a pre-Pauline hymn that was composed for early Christian worship. More recent studies suggest that it is exalted prose rather than poetry. The hypothesis of this article is that Paul composed it, either for worship or for the purposes of the argument of his letter to the Philippians. In doing so, he adapted a common social practice of the local culture. The "theologos" was an official in the organized worship of an ancient deity whose duty it was to compose brief speeches, sometimes in prose, sometimes in poetry, in honor of the deity. The organized worship of the emperor included such officials. Paul acted as a "theologos" in writing a brief speech in exalted prose honoring Jesus Christ, whom he had taught the Philippians to honor instead of the emperor.
Narrative Christology and the Son of Man: What the Markan Jesus Says Instead
Authors: Struthers Malbon Elizabeth 
Published: November 2003

AbstractFrom the point of view of "narrative christology," not only does the Markan Jesus attempt to deflect attention and honor away from himself and toward God, but he also refracts—or bends—the "christologies" of other characters and the narrator. The image comes from the way a prism refracts "white" light and thus shows its spectral colors. When a thing is bent and looked at from another angle, something different appears. The most obvious way in which the Markan Jesus bends the "christologies" of others is by his statements about the "Son of Man," especially in juxtaposition with "christological titles" offered by other characters and the narrator. No other character or the narrator speaks of the "Son of Man," thus "Son of Man" depicts the Markan Jesus' distinctive point of view. The implied author of Mark challenges the implied audience to deal with the tension between an assertive narrator who proclaims "Jesus Christ, the Son of God" and a reticent Jesus who deflects attention and honor, challenges traditional views, and insistently proclaims not himself but God. To resolve the tension in favor of the narrator (as does Kingsbury) or in favor of the Markan Jesus (as does Naluparyil) would be to flatten the implied author's multi-dimensional narrative and its multi-layered "christology." The implied author of Mark sets up this tension to draw in the implied audienc —not to resolve the tension but to enable hearing of the story of Jesus in its full complexity and mystery.
Die Goldene Regel (Matthäus 7:12/Lukas 6:31) Über den Sitz im Leben ihrer Positiven und uegativen Form
Authors: Theißen Gerd 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDer Unterschied zwischen der Goldenen Regel in ihrer negativen und positiven Form ist sachlich und historisch für ihr Verständnis relevant. Die negative Form verlangt ein Unterlassen von Handlungen und wird schon in der Antike als universale Forderung gegenüber allen Menschen formuliert. Ihre positive Form, die ein Initiativhandeln verlangt, wird dagegen in vorchristlicher Zeit nur auf besondere soziale Beziehungen, auf das Verhältnis von Freunden, Familienangehörigen und auf den Herrscher bezogen. Feldrede und Bergpredigt machen die positive Form zum Ethos für alle Beziehungen. Sie übertragen damit ein Herrschaftsethos auf kleine Leute und machen ein Verhalten, das oft Freunde und Familienangehörige meinte, zum Verhalten gegen?ber allen Menschen.
Israel's Holy Seed and the Foreign Women of Ezra-Nehemiah: A Kristevan Reading
Authors: Washington Harold 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThough Ezra 9–10 is written at some distance from the circumstances it represents, the text memorializes at a level more profound than mere historical reportage the predicament of a fragile, emerging Judean subjectivity, a communal—in Kristevan terms—"subject-on-trial." For Kristeva, the biblical language of purity and impurity in Leviticus is already grounded in the abjection of the maternal body. In Ezra's campaign against foreign marriages, however, this repudiation of the feminine is taken a step further. The community's "holy seed" (an umistakably male emblem of purity), is opposed to the pollutions of the peoples of the lands (termed, a specifically female uncleanness). This conjunction of the feminine with the unclean positions women as signifiers of the Judean stranger within; thus only illicit wives (not husbands) and their children are designated for expulsion. Yet the text finally recoils from recounting the dismissal of these women. The divorce assembly scene of Ezra 10 commemorates an agonistic process of Judean self-constitution that remains unresolved for the rest of Ezra-Nehemiah.
The Morning After in Corinth: Bread-and-Butter Notes, Part I
Authors: Bach Alice , Glancy Jennifer 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAlthough moralists pined for the days of traditional virtues and simple foodstuffs, the elites of the Roman Empire pursued luxury and excess both in literature and cuisine. Distrust of fancy preparations extended even to the categorization of the constituent elements of diet. James Davidson writes of Greek cuisine, "Victuals were regularly divided into three parts: sitos (the staple, usually bread), opson (whatever one eats with the staple) and poton (drink)." The opson adds nothing and everything, both necessary and unnecessary. No meal is complete without opson, but an ancient proverb held that the very best opson is hunger. Writing to the Corinthian Christians, Paul reminds them that they can fill their bellies at home, with opson, one imagines, and simply gather to share the bread and the wine. Bread and wine suffice. Or do they? Paul proposes a menu: bread, wine, and some words to accompany the sitos and poton. The words of institution serve as an opson; bread and wine are not a banquet without the prescribed words. Paul writes that members of the community have sickened and even died for consuming the Lord's Supper unworthily. Surely it is not the bread and wine that turn their stomachs, but the accompaniment, the opson, the edible words that prove to be lethal. What if the members of the Corinthian community were not, as Paul claims, ill from swallowing the words of institution in an unworthy manner, but rather from the opposite, ingesting the words too literally? An overlooked source of indigestion: the postprandial effects of human flesh and blood.
Revelation, Atonement and the Scope of Faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews: A Deconstructive and Reader-Response Interpretation
Authors: Via Dan 
Published: November 2003

AbstractEach of three important themes in the Epistle to the Hebrew—the nature of revelation, the rationale of atonement and the scope of saving faith—manifests within itself two divergent or conflicting positions. I have used insights derived from both deconstructive and reader-response criticism to develop an approach for dealing with these tensions. While I have sought not to transgress limits imposed by the historical context of the Epistle, my main concern has been to articulate an interpretation in front of the text.
The Syrians in The Book of the Divided Kingdoms: A Literary/Theological Approach
Authors: Jobling David 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn earlier work on the Deuteronomic History, I have defined 1 Kings 11 to 2 Kings 17 as 'The Book of the Divided Kingdoms', and argued that its deep-structural 'message' is one of salvation for northern Israel. Here I present the Syrians, the most pervasive foreign presence in this 'Book', as a major element in this dynamic of salvation. In the account of the house of Jehu, they function analogously to the foreign power in one of the judge-cycles (in Judges and 1 Samuel) by means of which Yahweh punishes Israel—a role necessary to the eventual salvation. Historically, it seems likely that all the traditions about the Syrians, and about the prophet Elisha, originated in the time of Jehu's dynasty. But in the existing text, stories of the Syrians and/or Elisha extend well back into the time of Ahab. The reason for this, I suggest, is that the Syrians' salvific role is being intensified by making them agents in the process whereby Baalworship was removed from Israel. In terms of 'ideological geography', Israel's north-east (Syrian) boundary is given a positive valence (cf. traditions of the arrival from that direction of Israel's ancestors), in opposition to the north-west (Tyrian) boundary, whence comes the Baalistic threat. This suggests a promise of salvation even in the later invasions from the north-east, by the Assyrians and their imperial successors.
'Rouzing the Faculties to Act': William Blake, Merkabah Mysticism, the Theology of Liberation and the Exegetical Importance of Experience
Authors: Rowland Christopher 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis essay is a consideration of the importance of experience and the exegetical possibilities of the allusive nature of the biblical text. It explores the way in which the space was explored by mystics in their visionary experience. In this the interpretative subjects insert themselves into the text as active participants in that which the text describes, so that understanding of the text comes about through experiencing what happens when that imaginative process of identification with the subject matter of the text takes place. The final part of the essay reflects on the way in which, in the modern world, experience of life and the struggle for social justice have informed the way in which the text has functioned as a catalyst for interpretative insight and social change. In the theology of liberation there is a stress on the recognition of the events of one's life and the circumstances in which one lives as ingredients in the exegetical process, so that what one undergoes and learns thereby informs the understanding of the text. The essay is a plea that the widely canvassed view of exegesis which regards it as an exact interpretative science in which meaning can be pinned down by reference to ancient contexts needs to be complemented by a more experienced-based, more imaginative, form of exegesis. What unites these different appeals to experience in exegesis is the importance attached to the contribution of the interpreting subject to exegesis of the biblical text.
Toward a Pastoral Reading of the Bible Not Confined to the Church
Authors: Pixley Jorge 
Published: November 2003

AbstractUsing the experience of the network of popular biblical study groups in Latin America and the biblical scholars who accompany them, this article outlines the basic requirements for a pastoral reading of the Bible. Special emphasis is given to the need for using the history of composition, necessarily hypothetical, in order to recover the political dynamics of the texts. The resulting pastoral reading will serve a public as well as a church function.
Early prediction of outcome and response to alemtuzumab therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Rawstron Andy C. , Kennedy Ben , Moreton Paul , Dickinson Anita J. , Cullen Matthew J. , Richards Stephen J. , Jack Andrew S. , Hillmen Peter 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Alemtuzumab therapy is effective for some refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but identifying responders requires at least 8 weeks of therapy. Early identification of nonresponders would minimize toxicity and/or facilitate more effective strategies. The aim of this study was to identify a minimally invasive method for early prediction of response and relapse. Flow cytometric monitoring was performed in 887 blood samples and 201 marrow samples from 43 patients undergoing intravenous alemtuzumab therapy. Although the absolute lymphocytosis was resolved in all patients by week 4, significant depletion of bone marrow tumor only occurred if circulating B-lymphocyte counts were persistently less than 0.001 × 109/L, which was rare in nonresponders. The majority of patients (16/28) who did not benefit from a full course of therapy were identified with 100% positive predictive value using the following algorithm: peripheral B-cell count greater than 0.001 × 109/L at week 2 with less than 1 log depletion of circulating B cells between weeks 2 and 4. Monitoring CLL levels after treatment identified patients at risk of early disease progression and could potentially improve patient management. During alemtuzumab therapy, bone marrow CLL depletion only occurs after abrogation of circulating tumor, requiring close monitoring of circulating B-cell levels. If validated in prospective studies, blood monitoring at 2 and 4 weeks may be used to optimize therapy.
PML-RARα is associated with leptin-receptor induction: the role of mesenchymal stem cell–derived adipocytes in APL cell survival
Authors: Tabe Yoko , Konopleva Marina , Munsell Mark F. , Marini Frank C. , Zompetta Claudia , McQueen Teresa , Tsao Twee , Zhao Shourong , Pierce Sherry , Igari Jun , Estey Elihu H. , Andreeff Michael 
Published: November 2003

AbstractLeptin is secreted by bone marrow (BM) adipocytes and stromal cells and was shown to stimulate myeloid proliferation. We here report that primary acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells express high levels of the leptin-receptor (OB-R) long isoform. In cells with regulated promyelocytic leukemia–retinoic acid receptor (PML-RARα) expression, inducing PML-RARα was found to increase OB-R levels. We then investigated the effects of leptin produced by BM adipocytes on APL cells using a coculture system with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–derived adipocytes. In PML-RARα–expressing cells, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)– and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis were significantly reduced by coculture with adipocyte-differentiated MSCs. This antiapoptotic effect required direct cell-to-cell interactions, was associated with phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and was reduced by blocking OB-R. This report provides a mechanistic basis for the BM adipocyte–leukemia cell interaction and suggests that OB-R receptor blockade may have therapeutic use in APL.