bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Destruction of chemical warfare agents VX and soman by α‐nucleophiles as oxidizing agents
Authors: Cassagne Thierry , Cristau Henri‐Jean , Delmas Gérard , Desgranges Michel , Lion Claude , Magnaud Gilbert , Torreilles Éliane , Virieux David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReactions of O‐ethyl S‐(2‐diisopropyl‐amino)ethyl methylphosphonothiolate, VX 1, were investigated with five oxidizing agents. In all the cases, the formation of the VX N‐oxide 7 was observed prior to the subsequent oxidation and hydrolysis into the nontoxic O‐ethyl methylphosphonate 2. Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (MMPP) is probably one of the most active reagents to achieve the complete detoxification of VX 1. The decontamination using MMPP was also extended with success to soman 13, a G‐type agent. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:485–490, 2001
The distribution problem in economic evaluation: income and the valuation of costs and consequences of health care programmes
Authors: Donaldson Cam , Birch Stephen , Gafni Amiram 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo date, a common view in the health economics literature is that the applicability of cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is limited, due to the distribution problem which underlies its main method of valuation (e.g. willingness to pay). One view is that cost effectiveness analysis (CEA) overcomes these problems. We show that the same distributional concerns apply to non‐monetary valuations of health consequences, to measurement of costs and to the decision rules of CEA. Hence adopting CEA over CBA cannot be justified on the basis of ‘avoiding’ distributional considerations. The implications of our results are discussed, including alternative strategies for the use of ‘income‐based’ research findings in social decision‐making. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Do Medicare HMOs still reduce health services use after controlling for selection bias?
Authors: Mello Michelle M. , Stearns Sally C. , Norton Edward C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study models the relationship between Medicare beneficiary decisions to join Medicare HMOs and subsequent health services utilization. The relationship between health plan choice and utilization is thought to be endogenous because of favorable selection into HMOs. Previous studies found significantly lower inpatient utilization among Medicare HMO enrollees than among nonenrollees, but lacked strong controls for selection bias. Thus, a firm conclusion could not be drawn as to whether the observed differences were attributable to the HMO practice setting or to baseline differences in the illness profiles of the two groups studied. The present study uses simultaneous equations methods, including discrete factor estimation, to test the effect of Medicare HMOs on utilization when strong controls for selection bias are imposed. The model was run on a panel of 1993–1996 data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, supplemented with linked data on Medicare HMO characteristics and area supply characteristics. The study found that even when favorable selection is controlled for, Medicare HMOs significantly reduce both the probability of hospitalization and the number of inpatient days used by those who are hospitalized. Medicare HMOs do not, however, appear to reduce the use of physician services. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis with free flap reconstruction
Authors: Chang David W. , Oh Hee‐kyun , Robb Geoffrey L. , Miller Michael J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of free tissue transfer for treatment of advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in head and neck cancer patients.MethodsWe reviewed 29 patients who were treated for advanced mandibular ORN by radical resection and reconstruction with free flaps at our institution. All patients had either failed to respond to conservative treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and debridement or had pathological fracture due to ORN.ResultsTwenty‐four vascularized bone (17 fibula, five iliac, and two scapula), four rectus abdominis myocutaneous, and one radial forearm fasciocutaneous free flaps were used. The complications occurred in 6 of 29 patients (21%). A total of four flaps (14%) were lost. The mean follow‐up was 2 years 9 months. All patients had complete resolution of ORN symptoms. No evidence of ORN recurrence was observed in any patient.ConclusionFor advanced osteoradionecrosis of the mandible, radical resection followed by reconstruction using free flap provides a reliable means of obtaining good wound healing with acceptable aesthetic and functional results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 830–835, 2001.
Cd8+/vβ5.1+ large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with autoimmune cytopenias, rheumatoid arthritis and vascular mammary skin lesions: successful response to 2‐deoxycoformycin.
Authors: Granjo E. , Lima M. , Correia T. , Lisboa C. , Magalhães C. , Cunha N. , Teixeira MA. , Queirós ML. , Candeias J. , Matutes E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of CD8+/Vβ5.1+ T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T‐LGL leukemia) presenting with mild lymphocytosis, severe autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, polyarthritis and recurrent infections with a chronic disease course. Immunophenotyping showed an expansion of CD3+/TCRαβ+/CD8+bright/CD11c+/CD57−/CD56− large granular lymphocytes with expression of the TCR‐Vβ5.1 family. Southern blot analysis revealed a clonal rearrangement of the TCR β‐chain gene. Hematopoietic growth factors, high dose intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids were of limited therapeutic benefit to correct the cytopenias. During the disease course, the patient developed a severe cutaneous leg ulcer and bilateral vascular mammary skin lesions. Treatment with 2‐deoxycoformycin resulted in both clinical and hematological complete responses, including the resolution of vascular skin lesions. Combined immuno‐staining with relevant T‐cell associated and anti‐TCR‐Vβ monoclonal antibodies proved to be a sensitive method to assess the therapeutic effect of 2‐deoxycoformicin and to evaluate the residual disease. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study of heat transfer in high‐performance hydrogen bell‐type annealing furnaces
Authors: Zuo Yi , Wu Wen‐fei , Zhang Xin‐xin , Lin Lin , Xiang Shun‐hua , Liu Tie‐shu , Niu Long‐ying , Huang Xia‐lan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mechanisms of heat transfer in high‐performance hydrogen bell‐type annealing furnaces are discussed in this paper. It examines two important parameters, the convective heat transfer coefficient and the equivalent radial thermal conductivity, which have large effects on the overall heat transfer in the furnace. The calculated annealing curves are in good agreement with experimental data. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 615–623, 2001
Simulation of heat transfer in the cool storage unit of a liquid–air energy storage system
Authors: Araki Hidefumi , Nakabaru Mitsugu , Chino Kooichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn energy storage system that stores energy in the form of liquid air was studied. In this system, the cool storage unit was the most important unit. From the viewpoint of safety and economy, it was most promising to store the cold energy as the sensitive heat of a solid such as pebbles or concrete. A simulator was developed to predict temperature variations of the solid cool storage unit. The simulator calculated unsteady heat transfer between a supercritical gas flow and the solid material. Comparison of calculated and experimental results showed that the temperature variation of the metal cool storage medium was accurate within 11%. The calculated results showed for the concrete cool storage unit that a smaller quantity of medium was required with a smaller pitch of the tube. The minimum quantity of concrete calculated at the smallest pitch was three times that of concrete, which was simply estimated from the heat capacity of concrete and air. The volume required for concrete cool storage was less than 1/100 that of reservoirs for a pumped‐hydro power station having a vertical drop of 500 m. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(4): 284–296, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10035
Prediction of groundwater characteristics in forested and harvested basins during spring snowmelt using a topographic index
Authors: Buttle J. M. , Hazlett P. W. , Murray C. D. , Creed I. F , Jeffries D. S. , Semkin R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConsistent relationships between groundwater conditions and topographic properties in small drainage basins would assist the study and modelling of basin hydrology and hydrochemistry. Hydrochemical simulation using topographically based models would benefit in particular from the linkage of groundwater residence times to topographic indices, such as the ln(a / tan β) index of Beven and Kirkby. Hypothesized associations between this index and groundwater characteristics were tested during the spring 2000 snowmelt in two sub‐basins in the Turkey Lakes Watershed near Sault Ste Marie, ON. One sub‐basin is in mature hardwood forest, and the other was clearcut in the fall of 1997. Piezometric surface elevations were monitored in each sub‐basin throughout the melt, and the topographic index value for each piezometer was determined. The δ18O signatures of input water and groundwater were also measured. Mean groundwater residence times were obtained using the exponential system response function, which generally produced good fits to the observed groundwater δ18O time series in both sub‐basins. There were significant contrasts in groundwater conditions between the sub‐basins. The forested sub‐basin exhibited higher and more temporally variable piezometric surface elevations and a greater contrast between δ18O signatures and water residence times in shallow versus deeper groundwater relative to the harvested sub‐basin. Patterns of groundwater residence times in the sub‐basins were supported by pre‐harvest groundwater chemistry; however, data from the two sub‐basins largely failed to support the hypothesized relationships between groundwater conditions and topographic index values. Methodological limitations that may have precluded a more rigorous test of the hypotheses are reviewed, and the potential for using groundwater residence times to evaluate the impacts of forest harvesting on basin hydrochemistry is briefly discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mothers' attachment representations and choice of infant care: center care vs. home
Authors: Koren‐Karie Nina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the debate concerning the effects of day care on infant development, insufficient attention has been paid to the potential relationship between pre‐existing emotional differences among mothers and the type of care they choose for their infants. To shed light on this issue, this study examines the attachment representations of mothers who choose day‐care centres as opposed to mothers who choose to remain at home with their infants. Participants were 76 primiparous mothers. Mothers' attachment classifications were assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview [AAI; Main M, Kaplan N, Cassidy J. 1985. Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. In Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research. Monograph of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50, (1–2, serial no. 209), Bretherton I, Waters E (eds); 66–104]. Results indicate that more Day‐care than Home‐Care mothers are classified as insecurely attached. These results highlight the contribution of maternal emotional characteristics to the effects of diverse child care arrangements on infant development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary factors and gastric cancer in Korea: A case‐control study
Authors: Kim Hyun Ja , Chang Woong Ki , Kim Mi Kyung , Lee Sang Sun , Choi Bo Youl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo assess gastric cancer (GC) risk in relation to dietary intake in Korea, a case‐control study was performed. Trained dietitians interviewed 136 patients diagnosed with GC, and the same number of controls were selected by matching sex, age and hospital. A significant decrease in GC risk was observed with increased intake of Baiechu kimchi (prepared with salted Chinese cabbage and red pepper, etc.), Baiechu kimchi‐stew, garlic, mushroom and soybean milk. On the contrary, a significant increase in the risk of GC was observed with increased intake of cooked rice with bean, charcoal grilled beef, pollack soup, Kkakduki (a kind of kimchi prepared with salted radish and red pepper, etc.), Dongchimi (a kind of kimchi prepared with radish and a large quantity of salt water) and cooked spinach. In food groups, increased intake of soybean products was associated with decreased risk of GC. Intake of citrus fruits rather than total fruits was shown to have a protective effect on the risk of GC, but was not significant. In this study, intake of total vegetables was shown to have a protective effect, whereas high nitrate‐containing vegetables increased the risk of GC. In conclusion, our study suggests that the risk of GC decreased with high consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, whereas high consumption of foods rich in nitrate and carcinogenic substances produced during the cooking process increased the risk of GC. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/P‐Glycoprotein on thermoresistant variants of atypical and classical multidrug resistant cancer cells
Authors: Stein Ulrike , Lage Hermann , Jordan Andreas , Walther Wolfgang , Bates Susan E. , Litman Thomas , Hohenberger Peter , Dietel Manfred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe impact of the ABC transporters breast cancer resistance protein/mitoxantrone resistance associated transporter (BCRP/MXR), multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) and multidrug resistance gene‐1/P‐glycoprotein (MDR1/PGP) on the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in chemoresistance and thermoresistance was investigated in the parental human gastric carcinoma cell line EPG85‐257P, the atypical MDR subline EPG85‐257RNOV, the classical MDR subline EPG85‐257RDB and their thermoresistant counterparts EPG85‐257P‐TR, EPG85‐257RNOV‐TR and EPG85‐257RDB‐TR. Within the atypical MDR subline EPG85‐257RNOV expression of BCRP/MXR and of MRP1 were clearly enhanced (vs. parental and classical MDR lines). MDR1/PGP expression was distinctly elevated in the classical MDR subline EPG85‐257RDB (vs. parental and atypical MDR sublines). In all thermoresistant counterparts basal expression of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/PGP was increased relative to thermosensitive sublines. Although it could be shown that the overexpressed ABC transporters were functionally active, however, no decreased drug accumulations of doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and rhodamine 123 were observed. Thus, expression of BCRP/MXR, MRP1 and MDR1/PGP was found to be dependent on the appropriate type of chemoresistance; correlating with a classical or atypical MDR phenotype. Within the thermoresistant variants, however, the increase in ABC transporter expression did obviously not influence the MDR phenotype. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cigarette smoking and subsequent risk of lung cancer by histologic type in middle‐aged Japanese men and women: The JPHC study
Authors: Sobue Tomotaka , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Hara Megumi , Sasazuki Shizuka , Sasaki Satoshi , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   for the JPHC Study Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to update the findings of relative risk associated with cigarette smoking for lung cancer by histologic type in Japan, the data from a population‐based cohort study of 91,738 men and women were analyzed. During 1990–1999, 422 lung cancer incident cases were identified. The relative risk for all incident cases associated with current smokers versus non‐smokers was 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0–6.8] and 4.2 (95% CI: 2.4–7.2), for men and women, respectively. When divided by histologic type, relative risk for squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was 12.7 (95% CI: 4.7–34.7) and 17.5 (95% CI: 4.9–62.1), while for adenocarcinoma it was 2.8 (95% CI: 1.6–4.9) and 2.0 (95% CI: 0.8–5.0) for men and women, respectively. We confirmed that the lung cancer risk in men rose with increasing cigarette smoking, especially the duration of smoking among current smokers and decreased after the cessation of smoking among former smokers. Unlike the US or European countries, the relative risk did not increase in this updated study, compared with previous studies in 1960s to 1990s in Japan either for all incident cases or for specific histologic types and the magnitude of relative risks was substantially lower than that observed in the US or European countries, especially for adenocarcinoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat Muc4 (sialomucin complex) reduces binding of anti‐ErbB2 antibodies to tumor cell surfaces, a potential mechanism for herceptin resistance
Authors: Price‐Schiavi Shari A. , Jepson Scott , Li Peter , Arango Maria , Rudland Philip S. , Yee Lisa , Carraway Kermit L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMuc4 (also called sialomucin complex), the rat homolog of human MUC4, is a heterodimeric glycoprotein complex that consists of a peripheral O‐glycosylated mucin subunit, ASGP‐1, tightly but noncovalently linked to a N‐glycosylated transmembrane subunit, ASGP‐2. The complex is expressed in a number of normal, vulnerable epithelial tissues, including mammary gland, uterus, colon, cornea and trachea. Muc4/SMC is also overexpressed or aberrantly expressed on a number of human tumors including breast tumors. Overexpression of Muc4/SMC has been shown to block cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions, protect tumor cells from immune surveillance and promote metastasis. In addition, as a ligand for ErbB2, Muc4/SMC can potentiate phosphorylation of ErbB2 and potentially alter signals generated from this receptor. Using A375 human melanoma cells and MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells stably transfected with tetracycline regulatable Muc4, we have investigated whether overexpression of Muc4/SMC can repress antibody binding to cell surface‐expressed ErbB2. Overexpression of Muc4/SMC does not affect the level of ErbB2 expression in either cell line, but it does reduce binding of a number of anti‐ErbB2 antibodies, including Herceptin. Interestingly, overexpression of ErbB2 does not block binding of other unrelated antibodies of the same isotype, suggesting that the reduction in ErbB2 antibody binding is due to complex formation of Muc4/SMC and ErbB2. Furthermore, capping of Muc4/SMC with anti‐Muc4/SMC antibodies reduces antibody binding to ErbB2 instead of increasing binding, again suggesting that reduced antibody binding to ErbB2 is due to steric hindrance from complex formation of Muc4/SMC and ErbB2. Thus, overexpression of Muc4/SMC on tumor cells may have both prognostic and therapeutic relevance. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a new map of European migration
Authors: King Russell 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudents of European migration have been hampered by the legacy of those established forms of migration which have been historically most important – settler migrations from Europe to the Americas, guest‐worker migrations from the Mediterranean Basin to Northern Europe, and refugee migrations after the World Wars. We need to appreciate that many of the key questions that were asked to frame our understanding of the functioning of migration now have a very different array of answers from the largely economic ones which shaped our earlier analyses. Now, new mobility strategies are deployed to achieve economic and, importantly, non‐economic objectives. In the new global and European map of migration, the old dichotomies of migration study – internal versus international, forced versus voluntary, temporary versus permanent, legal versus illegal – blur as both the motivations and modalities of migration become much more diverse. In offering an overview of the new typologies and geographies of international migration in Europe, this paper will be less a rigorous cartography than a qualitative exploration of a changing typology including migrations of crisis, independent female migration, migration of skilled and professional people, student migration, retirement migration and hybrid tourism–migration. These relatively new forms of migration derive from new motivations (the retreat from labour migrations linked to production), new space–time flexibilities, globalisation forces, and migrations of consumption and personal self‐realisation. More than ever, this multiplex nature of human migration and spatial mobility demands an interdisciplinary approach, enriched wherever possible by comparative studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and infant negative affect as precursors of depressive features in children
Authors: O'Connor Mary J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the continuity of negative temperamental variations from infancy to early childhood. Also examined was the association of prenatal alcohol exposure with negative affect in infancy and with depressive features in early childhood. Participants were 41 6‐year‐old children who were followed longitudinally from 1 year of age. Infant negative affect was observed and behaviorally assessed at 1 year, and child depressive symptoms were measured at 6 years using a self‐report questionnaire. Results revealed continuity between infant negative affect and early childhood depressive symptoms. In addition, prenatal alcohol exposure appeared to be a significant risk factor in the development of depressive features through both its direct association with child outcome and its indirect effect on infant negative affect. Children with higher levels of prenatal alcohol exposure, who exhibited higher levels of negative affect at 1 year, reported more depressive symptoms at 6 years. This effect was observed primarily in girls. Results suggest one mechanism by which children exposed to alcohol in utero might be predisposed to display higher levels of negative emotionality in infancy placing them at greater risk for depression in early childhood. Continuity of negative affect and depressive symptoms in prenatally exposed youngsters suggests that interventions could begin in infancy and could be targeted specifically at negative child behaviors.  © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.