bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromenone‐Fused Pyrrolizines and Pyrrolizine Analogues of Lamellarins: Expanding the Lamellarin Family
Authors: Scalzullo Stefania M. , Morgans Garreth L. , Klintworth Robin , de Koning Charles B. , Fernandes Manuel A. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. , Michael Joseph P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeveral N‐ethoxycarbonylmethyl enaminones, prepared by Eschenmoser sulfide contraction between N‐(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)pyrrolidine‐2‐thione and various ortho‐oxygenated phenacyl halides, underwent cyclisation to give ethyl 6‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolizine‐5‐carboxylates upon microwave heating with silica gel in xylene. With enaminones made from ortho‐hydroxyphenacyl halides, not only did dihydropyrrolizine formation take place, but spontaneous lactonisation also occurred to give 9,10‐dihydrochromeno[4,3‐b]pyrrolizin‐6(8H)‐ones. Bromination and Suzuki‐Miyaura arylation of these chromenopyrrolizines at the free C−H site on the pyrrole ring afforded four analogues of the lamellarin alkaloids in which a pyrrolidine ring replaces the isoquinoline system in the fused polycyclic core. The product 11‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐9,10‐dihydrochromeno[4,3‐b]pyrrolizin‐6(8H)‐one, in particular, is a congener of the well‐known lamellarin G trimethyl ether. Preliminary results pertaining to an extension to chromenone‐fused indolizines are also reported.
3D spheroid culturing of Astyanax mexicanus liver‐derived cell lines recapitulates distinct transcriptomic and metabolic states of in vivo tissue environment
Authors: Biswas Tathagata , Rajendran Naresh , Hassan Huzaifa , Li Hua , Zhao Chongbei , Rohner Nicolas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn vitro assays are crucial tools for gaining detailed insights into various biological processes, including metabolism. Cave morphs of the river‐dwelling fish species, Astyanax mexicanus, have adapted their metabolism allowing them to thrive in the biodiversity‐deprived and nutrient‐limited environment of caves. Liver‐derived cells from the cave and river morphs of A. mexicanus have proven to be excellent in vitro resources to better understand the unique metabolism of these fish. However, the current 2D cultures have not fully captured the complex metabolic profile of the Astyanax liver. It is known that 3D culturing can modulate the transcriptomic state of cells when compared to its 2D monolayer culture. Therefore, to broaden the possibilities of the in vitro system by modeling a wider gamut of metabolic pathways, we cultured the liver‐derived Astyanax cells of both surface and cavefish into 3D spheroids. We successfully established 3D cultures at various cell seeding densities for several weeks and characterized the resultant transcriptomic and metabolic variations. We found that the 3D cultured Astyanax cells exhibit an altered transcriptomic profile and consequently represent a wider range of metabolic pathways, including cell cycle changes and antioxidant activities, associated with liver functioning as compared to its monolayer culture. Enzymatic assay measuring antioxidants in 2D culture and 3D spheroids also revealed enhanced antioxidative capacity of 3D cultured spheroids, in line with the differential gene expression data. Additionally, the spheroids also exhibited surface and cave‐specific metabolic signatures, making it a suitable system for evolutionary studies associated with cave adaptation. Notably, cavefish derived spheroids enriched for genes responding to xenobiotic stimulus, while the ones from surface enriched for immune response, both of which resonated with known physiologically adaptations associated with each morph. Taken together, the liver‐derived spheroids prove to be a promising in vitro model for widening our understanding of metabolism in A. mexicanus and of vertebrates in general.
A Highly Chemically Robust 3D Interpenetrated MOF Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and Drug Molecules
Authors: Sahoo Rupam , Pramanik Bikram , Mondal Supriya , Das Madhab C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted immense attention as efficient heterogeneous catalysts over other solid catalysts, however, their chemical environment instability often limits their catalytic potential. Herein, utilizing a flexible unexplored tetra‐acid ligand and employing the mixed ligand approach, a 3D interpenetrated robust framework is strategically developed, IITKGP‐51 (IITKGP stands for Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur), which retained its crystallinity over a wide range of pH solution (4–12). Having ample open metal sites (OMSs), IITKGP‐51 is explored as a heterogeneous catalyst in one‐pot Hantzsch condensation reaction, with low catalyst loading for a broad range of substrates. The synthesis of drug molecules remains one of the most significant and emergent areas of organic and medicinal chemistry. Considering such practical utility, biologically important Nemadipine B and Nifedipine drug molecules (calcium channel protein inhibitor) are synthesized for the first time by using this catalyst and fully characterized via SC‐XRD and other spectroscopic methods. This report inaugurates the usage of a MOF material as a catalyst for the synthesis of drug molecules.
Recent Progress on Quantum Dot Patterning Technologies for Commercialization of QD‐LEDs: Current Status, Future Prospects, and Exploratory Approaches
Authors: Lee Jaeyeop , Jo Hyeona , Choi Minseok , Park Sangwook , Oh Jiyoon , Lee Kyoungeun , Bae Yeyun , Rhee Seunghyun , Roh Jeongkyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) are widely regarded as advanced emissive materials with significant potential for display applications owing to their excellent optical properties such as high color purity, near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and size‐tunable emission color. Building upon these attractive attributes, QDs have successfully garnered attention in the display market as down‐conversion luminophores and now venturing into the realm of self‐emissive displays, exemplified by QD light‐emitting diodes (QD‐LEDs). However, despite these advancements, there remains a relatively limited body of research on QD patterning technologies, which are crucial prerequisites for the successful commercialization of QD‐LEDs. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current status and prospects of QD patterning technologies to accelerate the commercialization of QD‐LEDs is provided. Within this review, a comprehensive investigation of three prevailing patterning methods: optical lithography, transfer printing, and inkjet printing are conducted. Furthermore, several exploratory QD patterning techniques that offer distinct advantages are introduced. This study not only paves the way for successful commercialization but also extends the potential application of QD‐LEDs into uncharted frontiers.
Lymph node metastases and recurrence in pT1 colorectal cancer: Prediction with the International Budding Consortium Score—A retrospective, multi‐centric study
Authors: Dawson Heather , Bokhorst John‐Melle , Studer Linda , Vieth Michael , Oguz Erdogan Ayse Selcen , Kus Öztürk Sonay , Kirsch Richard , Brockmoeller Scarlett , Cathomas Gieri , Buslei Rolf , Fink David , Roumet Marie , Zlobec Inti , van der Laak Jeroen , Nagtegaal Iris D. , Lugli Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting proposes histological tumour type, lymphovascular invasion, tumour grade, perineural invasion, extent, and dimensions of invasion as risk factors for lymph node metastases and tumour progression in completely endoscopically resected pT1 colorectal cancer (CRC).ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to propose a predictive and reliable score to optimise the clinical management of endoscopically resected pT1 CRC patients.MethodsThis multi‐centric, retrospective International Budding Consortium (IBC) study included an international pT1 CRC cohort of 565 patients. All cases were reviewed by eight expert gastrointestinal pathologists. All risk factors were reported according to international guidelines. Tumour budding and immune response (CD8+ T‐cells) were assessed with automated models using artificial intelligence. We used the information on risk factors and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression to develop a prediction model and generate a score to predict the occurrence of lymph node metastasis or cancer recurrence.ResultsThe IBC prediction score included the following parameters: lymphovascular invasion, tumour buds, infiltration depth and tumour grade. The score has an acceptable discrimination power (area under the curve of 0.68 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.61–0.75]; 0.64 [95% CI 0.57–0.71] after internal validation). At a cut‐off of 6.8 points to discriminate high‐and low‐risk patients, the score had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9 [95% CI 0.8–0.95] and 0.26 [95% 0.22, 0.3], respectively.ConclusionThe IBC score is based on well‐established risk factors and is a promising tool with clinical utility to support the management of pT1 CRC patients.
Optimization of a pre-concentration method for the analysis of mercury isotopes in low-concentration foliar samples
Authors: Ali Saeed Waqar , Božič Dominik , Vijayakumaran Nair Sreekanth , Živković Igor , Gačnik Jan , Andron Teodor-Daniel , Jagodic Hudobivnik Marta , Kocman David , Horvat Milena 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHg isotope analysis in samples from background regions is constrained by the presence of low Hg concentration and therefore requires a pre-concentration method. Existing Hg pre-concentration methods are constrained by long sample processing time and limited sample loading capacity. Using foliar samples as a test case, an optimized Hg pre-concentration method is presented that involves the microwave-assisted digestion of samples for Hg isotope analysis with the addition of a pre-digestion step. Microwave-digested foliar samples and CRMs were transferred to an impinger, reduced with SnCl2, and collected in a 2.25 mL concentrated inverse aqua regia (3:1 HNO3:HCl, v/v). This resulted in an optimal acid concentration in the solution ideal for analysis on MC-ICP-MS. The time for purging with Hg-free N2 was optimized to 30 min and the efficiency of the pre-concentration method was tested using a combination of approaches. Tests performed on pure reagents and matrix of foliar samples spiked with 197Hg radiotracer showed recoveries averaging 99 ± 1.7% and 100 ± 3.0%, respectively. Mercury at concentrations as low as 1.83 ng g−1 was pre-concentrated by digesting aliquots of foliage samples in individual digestion vessels. Recoveries following their pre-concentration averaged 99 ± 6.0%, whereas recoveries of 95 ± 4.7% and 95 ± 2.5% were achieved for NIST SRM 1575a (pine needle) and reagents spiked with NIST SRM 3133, respectively. Analysis using multicollector-ICP-MS showed low fractionation of δ202Hg during sample pre-concentration with no significant mass-independent fractionation. The proposed method is a relatively simple and robust way to prepare Hg samples for Hg isotopic analysis and is suitable even for complex biological matrices.
Graphical abstract
Natural products targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer: overview
Authors: Shi Aiwen , Liu Li , Li Shuang , Qi Bin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This article summarizes natural products that target the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer therapy. The classification, chemical structures, and anti-cancer mechanisms of these natural products are elucidated, and comprehensive information is provided on their potential use in cancer therapy.

Methods
Using the PubMed database, we searched for keywords, including “tumor”, “cancer”, “natural product”, “phytochemistry”, “plant chemical components”, and “MAPK-signaling pathway”. We also screened for compounds with well-defined structures that targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway and have anti-cancer effects. We used Kingdraw software and Adobe Photoshop software to draw the chemical compound structural diagrams.

Results
A total of 131 papers were searched, from which 85 compounds with well-defined structures were selected. These compounds have clear mechanisms for targeting cancer treatment and are mainly related to the MAPK-signaling pathway. Examples include eupatilin, carvacrol, oridonin, sophoridine, diosgenin, and juglone. These chemical components are classified as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroidal saponins, and quinones.

Conclusions
Certain MAPK pathway inhibitors have been used for clinical treatment. However, the clinical feedback has not been promising because of genomic instability, drug resistance, and side effects. Natural products have few side effects, good medicinal efficacy, a wide range of sources, individual heterogeneity of biological activity, and are capable of treating disease from multiple targets. These characteristics make natural products promising drugs for cancer treatment.
The effect of a post-anaesthesia high-care unit (PAHCU) admission on mobilization, length of stay and in-hospital mortality post-surgery in low energy neck of femur fracture patients
Authors: Essa S. , Venter S. , Jordaan J. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose/aim
With an ageing population and an increase in fragility fractures of the hip (FFH), the role of an anaesthetist is evolving to include more peri-operative care. A post-anaesthesia high-care unit (PAHCU) should enhance care in post-operative patients. To our knowledge, there are no studies that have investigated the effect of a PAHCU admission on post-operative outcomes after FFH. This study aimed to compare post-operative outcomes of FFH patients admitted to PAHCU versus a standard post-operative orthopaedic ward (POOW).

Methodology
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with FFH who underwent surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at our institution. Data were sourced from electronic medical records. SPSS version 28 was used to analyse data.

Results
A total of 231 patients were included. The PAHCU group (n = 35) displayed a higher burden of chronic illness and higher peri-operative risk scores as compared to the POOW group (n = 196). Median time to mobilize (TTM) in PAHCU was 84 h vs. 45 h in POOW group (p = 0.013). Median length of stay (LOS) in PAHCU was 133 h vs. 94 h in POOW (p = 0.001). The in-hospital mortality was 2.9% (n = 1) for PAHCU and 3.6% (n = 7) for POOW (p = 1). The 30-day mortality was 11.8% (n = 4) for PAHCU and 10.1% (n = 19) in POOW.

Conclusion
PAHCU admission resulted in delayed time to surgery and TTM, together with prolonged LOS, compared to those managed in POOW. However, these mortality rates remained comparable in both groups. This study contributes valuable insights into post-operative care of FFH patients in a resource-poor setting.
Smart house system for safety of elderly living alone based on camera and PIR sensor
Authors: Wang Yichen , Wu Yutian , Zhang Shuwei , Ogai Harutoshi , Hirai Katsumi , Tateno Shigeyuki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the improvement of human life quality, life expectancy generally increases. As a result, more and more elderly people living alone appear. Recently, the safety problems of the elderly living alone have attracted more and more attention from the public. Due to living alone, the elderly cannot be found at the first time when an accident occurs indoors or out, and the rescue time is delayed. This article proposes a way to use the speed up module to realize real-time face detection on the Raspberry Pi and optimize the processing of PIR sensor signals and write a logic system based on the camera and PIR signals to record and analyze the life of the elderly living alone and warning system to their family members.
Chitinases as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Aoling , Luo Yujun , Tang Yudi , Yang Fen , Gao Xiaolian , Qiao Guiyuan , Zhu Xinhong , Zhou Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons, and there is currently a lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate CHIT1, CHI3L1, and CHI3L2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood and their diagnostic potential in ALS patients. A systematic, comprehensive search was performed of peer-reviewed English-language articles published before April 1, 2023, in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. After a thorough screening, 13 primary articles were included, and their chitinases-related data were extracted for systematic review and meta-analysis. In ALS patients, the CSF CHIT1 levels were significantly elevated compared to controls with healthy control (HC) (SMD, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.78 – 3.06; P < 0.001). CHIT1 levels were elevated in the CSF of ALS patients compared to other neurodegenerative diseases (ONDS) control (SMD, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.22 – 1.27; P < 0.001) and exhibited an even more substantial increase when compared to ALS-mimicking diseases (AMDS) (SMD, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.35 – 1.94, P < 0.001). Similarly, the CSF CHI3L1 levels were significantly higher in ALS patients compared to HC (SMD, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.26 – 5.06, P < 0.001). CHI3L1 levels were elevated in the CSF of ALS patients compared to ONDS (SMD, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.32 – 1.19; P = 0.017) and exhibited a more pronounced increase when compared to AMDS (SMD, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.41 – 3.42; P < 0.001). The levels of CSF chitinases in the ALS patients showed a significant increase, supporting the role of CSF chitinases as diagnostic biomarkers for ALS.
Association of nutrition, physical activity, and morbidity among older adults
Authors: Faronbi Joel Olayiwola , Awoleye Tolulope Elizabeth , Idowu Olanrewaju Augustine , Olagbegi Oladapo Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aim
Globally, the burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing rapidly, but little is known about the interactive effects of nutrition, physical activity (PA), and morbidity in older adults in Nigeria. This study examined the associations among nutrition, PA, and morbidity among older adults in Nigeria.

Subject and methods
A cross-sectional design was adopted, and a multistage sampling technique was used to survey 330 older adult residents of a town in Nigeria. Nutritional status and physical activity levels were assessed using the full Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. It also included questions about the presence of health problems when diagnosed and respondents' perceptions of their health.

Results
About 62% of the respondents had at least one chronic illness, and the prevalent conditions included musculoskeletal (25.6%), heart conditions (16.6%), and ear/eye problems (9.7%). Findings further showed that 21.4% were at risk of malnutrition and 1.9% were malnourished. Also, 31.6% reported low PA participation. Morbidity was significantly associated with age (p < 0.000), level of education (p < 0.000), income (p < 0.000), PA (p < 0.000), and nutrition (p = 0.045). In addition, factors that predicted the presence or absence of chronic illness included nutrition (OR = 0.395, p = 0.016), high PA (OR = 0.077, p = 0.000), age (OR = 1.063, p = 0.006), BMI overweight (OR = 0.127, p < .000), education (OR = 1.835, p = 0.001), artisan occupation (OR = 3.382, p = 0.006), and income of 10,000–20,000 Nigerian naira per month (OR = 0.363, p = 0.023).

Conclusion
Chronic illness is prevalent among older adults and is associated with poor nutrition, physical inactivity, and certain demographic characteristics.
Characterizing attitudes related to future child-bearing in young women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Umashankar Saumya , Li Moming , Blevins Kaylee , Kim Mi-Ok , Majure Melanie , Park John , Huppert Laura A. , Melisko Michelle , Rugo Hope S. , Esserman Laura , Chien A. Jo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study characterizes attitudes and decision-making around the desire for future children in young women newly diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer and assesses how clinical factors and perceived risk may impact these attitudes.

Methods
This is a prospective study in women < 45 years with newly diagnosed stage 1–3 breast cancer. Patients completed a REDCap survey on fertility and family-building in the setting of hypothetical risk scenarios. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were collected through surveys and medical record.

Results
Of 140 study patients [median age = 41.4 (range 23–45)], 71 (50.7%) were interested in having children. Women interested in future childbearing were younger than those who were not interested (mean = 35.2 [SD = 5.2] vs 40.9 years [3.90], respectively, p < 0.001), and more likely to be childless (81% vs 31%, p < 0.001). 54 women (77.1% of patients interested in future children) underwent/planned to undergo oocyte/embryo cryopreservation before chemotherapy. Interest in future childbearing decreased with increasing hypothetical recurrence risk, however 17% of patients wanted to have children despite a 75–100% hypothetical recurrence risk. 24.3% of patients wanted to conceive < 2 years from diagnosis, and 35% of patients with hormone receptor positive tumors were not willing to complete 5 years of hormone therapy.

Conclusion
Many young women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer prioritize childbearing. Interest in having a biologic child was not associated with standard prognostic risk factors. Interest decreased with increasing hypothetical recurrence risk, though some patients remained committed to future childbearing despite near certain hypothetical risk. Individual risk assessment should be included in family-planning discussions throughout the continuum of care as it can influence decision-making.
First report of bacteria causing Acute Oak Decline on Quercus robur in Slovakia
Authors: Tkaczyk Miłosz , Sikora Katarzyna , Galko Juraj 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute Oak Decline (AOD) is an oak disease that was first described in the United Kingdom. From the time the first symptoms appear, the disease can kill trees even within 6 years. One of the factors causing this disease is the action of the pathogenic bacteria Brenneria goodwinii, Rahnella victoriana and Gibbsiella quercinecans. In recent years, a deterioration in the condition of oak stands has been observed throughout Slovakia. These trees show exudates characteristic of AOD, which may indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Samples of such symptomatic exudates from tree trunks were collected and analysed on 20 different plots in central and western Slovakia. Using real-time PCR, the presence of Brenneria goodwinii and Gibbsiella quercinecans was confirmed in ten and three stands, respectively. This report is the first information about the observation of these bacteria in weakened stands of Quercus robur in Slovakia.