bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of D-dimer to albumin ratio with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in ischaemic heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Qiuyu , Lin Xiaolong , Bo Xiaowen , Chen Siyuan , Zhao Donghui , Liu Jinghua , Fan Qian 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the association of D-dimer to albumin ratio (DAR) with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ischaemic heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus.DesignA retrospective observational cohort study.SettingSingle centre in Beijing, China, conducted at one of the largest cardiology centres in China.ParticipantsFrom June 2017 to June 2019, 3707 patients with heart failure and concomitant multiple vessel disease undergoing elective PCI were screened. A total 1021 of patients were enrolled after exclusion and the follow-up period was up to 36 months.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe MACE was the primary measured outcome. The secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction and any revascularisation.MethodsThese participants were grouped according to DAR tertiles. The cumulative incidence functions, Cox regression, restricted cubic spline and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the association between DAR and outcomes. The subgroup analysis was also performed.ResultsAfter follow-up, MACE occurred in 404 (39.6%) participants. The cumulative hazards curve manifested significant differences in MACE, all-cause mortality and any revascularisation (log-rank test: all p<0.001). In adjusted models, DAR was an independent risk factor of MACE (tertile 2: HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.42; tertile 3: HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.28 to 2.36) and all-cause mortality (tertile 2: HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.11; tertile 3: HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.98). The optimal cut-off of DAR was 1.2. In the stratified analysis, sex, age, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, total revascularisation and any interfered vessel did not affect the independent predictive ability.ConclusionHigher DAR was independently associated with MACE and all-cause mortality after PCI in ischaemic heart failure patients with diabetes mellitus.
Comparison of diuretics and fluid expansion in the initial treatment of patients with normotensive acute pulmonary embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Febra Cláudia , Santos Ana Rita , Cabrita Isabel , Bento Joana , Pacheco João , Mendes Mariana , Isidro Michael , Batista Rafael , Macedo Ana Margarida André Febra Moita 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the main cause of death in patients with normotensive acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The optimal management for this subset of patients remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis focused on the comparison of diuretics and fluid expansion in patients with acute PE presenting with RV dysfunction and haemodynamic stability.MethodsA systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines considering only RTCs. The authors searched the traditional and grey literature through 1 November 2022. Meta-analysis used open source packages in R. Inverse variance fixed-effects models with OR as the effect measure were used for primary analyses. The main outcomes defined in this review protocol included pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP), creatinine value changes and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide during the first 24 hours.ResultsFour studies with a total of 452 patients met the inclusion criteria. The baseline characteristics of patients were similar across all studies. Overall, patients receiving diuretics had a significant 24 hours reduction in pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (standard mean difference of −41.97; 95% CI −65.79 to −18.15), and PASP (standard mean difference of −5.96; 95% CI −8.06 to −3.86). This group had significantly higher creatinine levels (standard mean difference of 7.74; 95% CI 5.04 to 10.45). The quality of the studies was heterogeneous; two had a low risk of bias, and the other two had a high risk of bias.ConclusionsVery few studies have compared the efficacy and safety of diuretics and fluid expansion in normotensive patients with acute PE with RV failure. Overall, furosemide appears to reduce RV dysfunction in this subset of patients compared with fluid expansion. Further research is required to confirm these findings.
Connecting the DOTs: a novel imaging sign on flat-panel detector CT indicating distal vessel occlusions after thrombectomy
Authors: Mujanovic Adnan , Windecker Daniel , Serrallach Bettina L , Kurmann Christoph C , Almiri William , Meinel Thomas R , Seiffge David J , Piechowiak Eike I , Dobrocky Tomas , Gralla Jan , Fischer Urs , Dorn Franziska , Chapot René , Pilgram-Pastor Sara , Kaesmacher Johannes 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundImmediate non-contrast post-interventional flat-panel detector CT (FPDCT) has been suggested as an imaging tool to assess complications after endovascular therapy (EVT). We systematically investigated a new imaging finding of focal hyperdensities correlating with remaining distal vessel occlusion after EVT.MethodsA single-center retrospective analysis was conducted for all acute ischemic stroke patients admitted between July 2020 and December 2022 who underwent EVT and immediate post-interventional FPDCT. A blinded core lab performed reperfusion grading on post-interventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images and evaluated focal hyperdensities on FPDCT (here called the distal occlusion tracker (DOT) sign). DOT sign was defined as a tubular or punctiform, vessel confined, hyperdense signal within the initial occlusion target territory. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of the DOT sign when compared with DSA findings.ResultsThe median age of the cohort (n=215) was 74 years (IQR 63–82) and 58.6% were male. The DOT sign was positive in half of the cohort (51%, 110/215). The DOT sign had high specificity (85%, 95% CI 72% to 93%), but only moderate sensitivity (63%, 95% CI 55% to 70%) for detection of residual vessel occlusions. In comparison to the core lab, operators overestimated complete reperfusion in a quarter of the entire cohort (25%, 53/215). In more than half of these cases (53%, 28/53) there was a positive DOT sign, which could have mitigated this overestimation.ConclusionThe DOT sign appears to be a frequent finding on immediate post-interventional FPDCT. It correlates strongly with incomplete reperfusion and indicates residual distal vessel occlusions. In the future, it may be used to complement grading of reperfusion success and may help mitigating overestimation of reperfusion in the acute setting.
Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Swarnata Arya , Kamilah Fariza Zahra , Wisana I Dewa Gede Karma , Meilissa Yurdhina , Kusnadi Gita 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTobacco consumption is pervasive in Indonesia, with 6 out of 10 households in the country consuming tobacco. Smoking households, on average, divert a significant share (10.7%) of their monthly budget on tobacco products, which is higher than spending on staples, meat or vegetables. Nevertheless, evidence of the causal link between tobacco expenditure and spending on other commodities in Indonesia is limited.ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the crowding-out effects of tobacco spending on the expenditure of other goods and services in Indonesia.MethodThis research estimates the conditional Engel curve with three-stage least square regression, where the instrumental variable technique is applied to address the simultaneity of tobacco and total non-tobacco spending. The study employs a large-scale household budget survey from the Indonesian socioeconomic survey (Susenas) from 2017 to 2019, comprising over 900 000 households.FindingTobacco spending crowds out the share of a household’s budget allocated for food, such as spending on staples, meat, dairy, vegetables and fruits. Moreover, tobacco spending also reduces the share of expenditure spent on non-food commodities, such as clothing, housing, utilities, durable and non-durable goods, education, healthcare and entertainment, although its effect is not as large as the crowding out on food. The analysis shows that the crowding-out effects of tobacco are observed across low-income, middle-income and high-income households. In addition, the simulation suggests that reducing tobacco expenditure will increase household spending on essential needs.
Modeling the morphodynamic response of a large tidal channel system to the large-scale embankment in the Hangzhou Bay, China
Authors: Xie Dongfeng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A large tidal channel has developed along the northern shore of the Hangzhou Bay. Its length and width are about 50 and 10 km, respectively. It serves as an important navigation channel and provides port construction locations. This contribution investigates the morphological response of the tidal channel to the large-scale embankment in recent decades and the physical mechanisms, based on an idealized 2D morphodynamic model. The tidal channel was reproduced within a timescale of several years, with spatial scales comparable to the real situation. The results showed that the macroscopic sediment transport pattern in the bay, namely, entering in the north and leaving in the south, was not changed by the embankment. The tidal range and sediment flux increased to a certain extent, because of the decrease of the cross-sectional width. Meanwhile, the longitudinal gradient of the residual sediment transport enlarged slightly. As a result, the tidal channel was eroded significantly, because of the nonlinear interaction among hydrodynamics, sediment transport, and morphological change. Furthermore, there are inherent connections among the main morphological features in the bay. Complementary to other approaches, this model provides a useful tool to predict the morphodynamic behavior for the estuarine planning and regulations.
Semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of $$\psi (1S,2S)$$ and $$\eta _{c}(1S,2S)$$ to $$D_{(s)}$$ in the covariant light-front approach
Authors: Sun Zhi-Jie , Zhang Zhi-Qing , Yang You-Ya , Yang Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn addition to the strong and electromagnetic decay modes, the $$\psi (1S,2S)$$

ψ
(
1
S
,
2
S
)

and $$\eta _{c}(1S,2S)$$

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
)

can also decay via the weak interaction. Such weak decays can be detected by the high-luminosity heavy-flavor experiments. At present, some of the semileptonic and nonleptonic $$J/\Psi $$

J
/
Ψ

weak decays have been measured at BESIII. Researching for these charmonium weak decays to $$D_{(s)}$$

D

(
s
)

meson can provide a platform to check of the standard model (SM) and probe new physics (NP). So we investigate the semileptonic and nonleptonic weak decays of $$\psi (1S,2S)$$

ψ
(
1
S
,
2
S
)

and $$\eta _{c}(1S,2S)$$

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
)

to $$D_{(s)}$$

D

(
s
)

within the covariant light-front quark model (CLFQM). With form factors of the transitions $$\psi (1S,2S)\rightarrow D_{(s)}$$

ψ

(
1
S
,
2
S
)

→

D

(
s
)

and $$\eta _{c}(1S,2S)\rightarrow D_{(s)}$$

η
c

(
1
S
,
2
S
)

→

D

(
s
)

calculated under the CLFQM, we predict and discuss some physical observables, such as the branching ratios, the longitudinal polarizations $$f_{L}$$

f
L

and the forward–backward asymmetries $$A_{FB}$$

A

FB

. One can find that the Cabibbo-favored semi-leptonic decay channels $$\psi (1\,S,2\,S)\rightarrow D_{s}^{-}\ell ^{+}\nu _{\ell }$$

ψ

(
1

S
,
2

S
)

→

D

s

-

ℓ
+

ν
ℓ

with $$\ell =e,\mu $$

ℓ
=
e
,
μ

and the nonleptonic decay modes $$\psi (1S,2S)\rightarrow D_{s}^{-}\rho ^{+}$$

ψ

(
1
S
,
2
S
)

→

D

s

-

ρ
+

have relatively large branching ratios of the order $$\mathcal {O}(10^{-9})$$

O
(

10

-
9

)

, which are most likely to be accessible at the future high-luminosity experiments.
Co-ML: Collaborative Machine Learning Model Building for Developing Dataset Design Practices
Authors: Tseng Tiffany , Davidson Matt J. , Morales-Navarro Luis , Chen Jennifer King , Delaney Victoria , Leibowitz Mark , Beason Jazbo , Shapiro R. Benjamin 
Published: January 2024

Machine learning (ML) models are fundamentally shaped by data, and building inclusive ML systems requires significant considerations around how to design representative datasets. Yet, few novice-oriented ML modeling tools are designed to foster hands-on learning of dataset design practices, including how to design for data diversity and inspect for data quality.
To this end, we outline a set of four data design practices (DDPs) for designing inclusive ML models and share how we designed a tablet-based application called Co-ML to foster learning of DDPs through a collaborative ML model building experience. With Co-ML, beginners can build image classifiers through a distributed experience where data is synchronized across multiple devices, enabling multiple users to iteratively refine ML datasets in discussion and coordination with their peers.
We deployed Co-ML in a 2-week-long educational AIML Summer Camp, where youth ages 13–18 worked in groups to build custom ML-powered mobile applications. Our analysis reveals how multi-user model building with Co-ML, in the context of student-driven projects created during the summer camp, supported development of DDPs including incorporating data diversity, evaluating model performance, and inspecting for data quality. Additionally, we found that students’ attempts to improve model performance often prioritized learnability over class balance. Through this work, we highlight how the combination of collaboration, model testing interfaces, and student-driven projects can empower learners to actively engage in exploring the role of data in ML systems.
Tyche: An Efficient and General Prefetcher for Indirect Memory Accesses
Authors: Xue Feng , Han Chenji , Li Xinyu , Wu Junliang , Zhang Tingting , Liu Tianyi , Hao Yifan , Du Zidong , Guo Qi , Zhang Fuxin 
Published: January 2024

Indirect memory accesses (IMAs, i.e.,
A
[
f
(
B
[
i
])]) are typical memory access patterns in applications such as graph analysis, machine learning, and database. IMAs are composed of producer-consumer pairs, where the consumers’ memory addresses are derived from the producers’ memory data. Due to the built-in value-dependent feature, IMAs exhibit poor locality, making prefetching ineffective. Hindered by the challenges of recording the potentially complex graphs of instruction dependencies among IMA producers and consumers, current state-of-the-art hardware prefetchers either (a) exhibit inadequate IMA identification abilities or (b) rely on the run-ahead mechanism to prefetch IMAs intermittently and insufficiently.

To solve this problem, we propose Tyche,

1

an efficient and general hardware prefetcher to enhance IMA performance. Tyche adopts a bilateral propagation mechanism to precisely excavate the instruction dependencies in simple chains with moderate length (rather than complex graphs). Based on the exact instruction dependencies, Tyche can accurately identify various IMA patterns, including nonlinear ones, and generate accurate prefetching requests continuously. Evaluated on broad benchmarks, Tyche achieves an average performance speedup of 16.2% over the state-of-the-art spatial prefetcher Berti. More importantly, Tyche outperforms the state-of-the-art IMA prefetchers IMP, Gretch, and Vector Runahead, by 15.9%, 12.8%, and 10.7%, respectively, with a lower storage overhead of only 0.57 KB.
Towards Generative Search and Recommendation: A keynote at RecSys 2023
Authors: Chua Tat-Seng 
Published: January 2024

The emergence of large language models (LLM's), especially ChatGPT, has for the first time make AI known to almost everyone and affected every facet of our society. The LLMs have the potential to revolutionize the ways we seek and consume information. This has stemmed the recent trends in both academia and industry to develop LLM-based generative AI systems for various applications with enhanced capabilities. One such systems is the generative search and recommender system, which is capable of performing content retrieval, content repurposing, content creation and their integration to meet users' information needs. However, before such systems can be widely used and accepted, we need to address several challenges. The primary challenge is the trust and safety in the generated content as we expect the LLM's to make mistakes with hallucination. This is because of the quality of data being used for their training is often erroneous and biased. The other challenges in the search and recommendation domain include: how to teach the system to be pro-active in anticipating the needs of users and in directing the conversation towards a fruitful direction; as well as the integration of retrieved and generated content. This keynote presented a generative information seeking paradigm, and discuss key research towards a trustable generative system for search and recommendation.Date: 21 September 2023.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment Receipt in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wagle Nikita Sandeep , Park Sulki , Washburn David , Ohsfeldt Robert , Kum Hye-Chung , Singal Amit G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Racial and ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis exist, partly related to differential failures along the cancer care continuum. We characterized racial and ethnic disparities in treatment receipt among patients with HCC in the United States.

Methods:
We searched Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases to identify studies published between January 2012 and March 2022 reporting HCC treatment receipt among adult patients with HCC, stratified by race or ethnicity. We calculated pooled odds ratios for HCC treatment using random effects models.

Results:
We identified 15 studies with 320,686 patients (65.8% White, 13.9% Black, 10.4% Asian, and 8.5% Hispanic). Overall, 33.2% of HCC patients underwent any treatment, and 22.7% underwent curative treatment. Compared with White patients, Black patients had lower odds of any treatment (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.55–0.81) and curative treatment (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71–0.78). Similarly, Hispanic patients had lower pooled odds of curative treatment (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73–0.84).

Conclusions:
There were significant racial and ethnic disparities in HCC treatment receipt, with Black patients having lower odds of receiving any and curative treatment while Hispanic patients having lower odds of curative treatment.

Impact:
Racial and ethnic differences in treatment receipt serve as an intervention target to reduce disparities in HCC prognosis.
Hierarchical End Points in Prior Heart Failure Trials and the HEART-FID Trial
Authors: Harrington Josephine , Mentz Robert J. , Rockhold Frank W. , Garg Jyotsna , Butler Javed , De Pasquale Carmine G. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Lewis Gregory D. , O’Meara Eileen , Ponikowski Piotr , Troughton Richard W. , Wong Yee W. , Adamczyk Robert , Storie Tatyana , Blackman Nicole , Hernandez Adrian F. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Clinical trials in heart failure (HF) traditionally use time-to-event analyses focusing on death and hospitalization for HF. These time-to-first event analyses may have more limited abilities to assess the probability of benefiting from a therapy, especially if that benefit manifests as improved functional status rather than reduced risk of death or HF hospitalization. Hierarchical end points including clinical outcomes and patient status measures allow for ranked evaluation of outcomes in 1 metric assessing whether patients randomized to intervention or control are more likely to derive an overall benefit while also allowing more patients to contribute to the primary outcome.

METHODS:
We review the rationale for using hierarchical end points in HF trials, provide examples of HF trials that used this type of end point, and discuss its use in the HEART-FID trial (Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Ferric Carboxymaltose as Treatment for Heart Failure With Iron Deficiency), the largest HF trial to date implementing a hierarchical end point analysis for the primary outcome.

RESULTS:
Using a hierarchical end point as the primary outcome allows for the inclusion of different types of outcomes in 1 ranked end point, making it possible to more holistically assess the potential utility of a new therapy on patient well-being and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hierarchical end points assess the potential utility of a new therapy on patient well-being and outcome more holistically than time-to-first event analysis. Trials that would not have been feasible due to decreasing rates of death and hospitalization in the HF population can use hierarchical end points to successfully power studies to identify promising HF therapies. The HEART-FID trial used hierarchical end points to better determine the role of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with HF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03037931.
Emergent Resource Exchange and Tolerated Theft Behavior Using Multiagent Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Garbus Jack , Pollack Jordan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For decades, the evolution of cooperation has piqued interest in numerous academic disciplines, such as game theory, economics, biology, and computer science. In this work, we demonstrate the emergence of a novel and effective resource exchange protocol formed by dropping and picking up resources in a foraging environment. This form of cooperation is made possible by the introduction of a campfire, which adds an extended period of congregation and downtime for agents to explore otherwise unlikely interactions. We find that the agents learn to avoid getting cheated by their exchange partners, but not always from a third party. We also observe the emergence of behavior analogous to tolerated theft, despite the lack of any punishment, combat, or larceny mechanism in the environment.