bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New work councils: Expanded cooperation in the public sector in Denmark
Authors: Mathiesen Karin , Hvenegaard Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article discusses several pilot projects carried out by Danish state institutions between 1995 and 1998 to extend employee participation through changes in the structure, competencies, and task areas within workplace work councils and safety organizations. In extending these projects, the employers and employees' organizations agreed in 1999 to prolong the existing cooperative agreement as well as a framework agreement that allows for new ways to organize cooperation and safety activities. The article discusses these initiatives and raises a series of questions about the possibilities and difficulties connected with increased employee participation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Goal orientation and practice condition as predictors of training results
Authors: Hertenstein Edward J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examines the training outcomes related to the interaction between the motivational factor of learning goal orientation and the situational factor of practice distribution. Participants in weekly (spaced) and residential (massed) labor education classes were assessed at the beginning of training for cognitive ability and learning goal orientation. At the end of training, declarative knowledge and task‐specific self‐efficacy were examined as outcomes. Contrary to expectations, it was found that individuals with high learning goal orientation had more positive outcomes in the massed practice course than in the spaced practice course.
Effect of tabs on impinging heat transfer
Authors: Hiwada Munehiko , Tanaka Shintarou , Tanaka Kouzou , Oyakawa Kenyu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present work experimentally investigates the effect of vortex generators, in the form of small tabs projecting normally into the flow at the nozzle exit, on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of an axisymmetric impinging air jet in the subcritical Reynolds number range. With this comes the expectation of a large eddy structure variation and the possibility of active control. Local heat transfer and static pressure were measured on a target plate for a round air jet issuing from a circular nozzle with rectangular tabs whose numbers and lengths changed at a constant nozzle‐to‐plate gap (L/d= 8) and jet Reynolds number (Re= 34,000). The main results are the following: When two tabs were set at the exit of the circular nozzle,CpwandNuprofiles flatten in the direction of the tab setting. In the case of three tabs, however, among bothCpwandNuprofiles a concentric profile is found, as well as in the case without any tabs. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(7): 561–570, 2001
Natural convection heat transfer in eccentric horizontal annuli between a heated outer tube and a cooled inner tube with different orientation: The case of an elliptical outer tube
Authors: Hirose Koichi , Hachinohe Toshitaka , Ishii Youji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study conducts numerical analyses and experiments on natural convection heat transfer in eccentric horizontal annuli between a heated outer tube and a cooled inner tube with different orientations. The outer tube is an elliptical tube, and the inner tube is a cylindrical tube. Experiments are conducted with the outer tube oriented to the vertical side and horizontal side, respectively. The numerical analyses were performed by changing the oriented angle and eccentricity parameters. Results obtained for different conditions are presented as temperature profiles, flow patterns, local Nusselt numbers, and total heat transfer. It is found that the heat transfer enhancement effect or heat transfer obstruction effect for the total heat transfer is changed by eccentricity and oriented angle. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 624–635, 2001
Reconstructing floodplain sedimentation rates from heavy metal profiles by inverse modelling
Authors: Middelkoop Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe embanked floodplains of the lower River Rhine in the Netherlands contain large amounts of heavy metals, which is a result of many years deposition of contaminated overbank sediments. Depending on local sedimentation rates and changing pollution trends in the past, the metal pollution varies greatly between different floodplain sections as well as vertically within the floodplain soil profiles. Maximum metal concentrations in floodplain soils vary from 30 to 130 mg/kg for Cu, from 70 to 490 mg/kg for Pb and from 170 to 1450 mg/kg for Zn. In the present study these metals were used as a tracer to reconstruct sedimentation rates at 28 sites on the lower River Rhine floodplains. The temporal trend in pollution of the lower River Rhine over the past 150 years was reconstructed on the basis of metal concentrations in sediments from small ponds within the floodplain area. Using a one‐dimensional sedimentation model, average sedimentation rates over the past century were determined using an inverse modelling calibration procedure. The advantage of this method is that it uses information over an entire profile, it requires only a limited number of samples, it accounts for post‐depositional redistribution of the metals, and it provides quantitative estimates of the precision of the sedimentation rates obtained. Estimated sedimentation rates vary between about 0·2 mm/year and 15 mm/year. The lowest metal concentrations are found in the distal parts of floodplain sections with low flooding frequencies and where average sedimentation rates have been less than about 5 mm/year. The largest metal accumulations occur in low‐lying floodplain sections where average sedimentation rates have been more than 10 mm/year. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulating overland flow following wildfire: mapping vulnerability to landscape disturbance
Authors: Beeson Peter C. , Martens Scott N. , Breshears David D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe probability of landscape‐scale disturbances such as fire are expected to increase in the future due to anticipated climate changes and past land management practices. These disturbances can produce dramatic changes in hydrologic responses (e.g. overland flow) that can pose risks to human life, infrastructure, and the environment. Assessing these risks and associated remediation strategies requires spatially explicit evaluation of upland hydrology. However, most current evaluation methods focus on a specified location within a watershed, precluding estimation of spatially distributed, upland, hydrological response; and those that do consider spatial variability usually do not account for redistribution of overland flow among adjacent subunits. Here we highlight the use of a spatially distributed model for assessing spatial changes in upland hydrologic response following landscape‐scale disturbance. Using a distributed model called SPLASH (Simulator for Processes of Landscapes: Surface/Subsurface Hydrology), we simulated pre‐ and post‐fire scenarios based on the Cerro Grande fire (Los Alamos, NM, USA; May 2000) over 17 300 ha (resolution of 30 m × 30 m) for 2 year and 100 year design storms. For the 2 year storm, maximum overland flow rates for burned cells in the post‐fire scenario greatly exceeded those for pre‐fire conditions (modes: pre‐fire, 3·25 × 10−10 m3 s−1; post‐fire, 7·0 × 10−10 m3 s−1). For the 100 year storm, maximum overland flow was much greater than for the 2 year storm (modal pre‐fire: 31·8 × 10−10 m3 s−1), with the difference between pre‐ and post‐fire simulations being less dramatic (modal post‐fire: 48·6 × 10−10 m3 s−1). Mapped differences between pre‐ and post‐fire provide a means for prioritizing upland areas for remediation using an approach that accounts not only for topography, soils, and plant cover, but also for the redistribution of overland flow. More generally, our results highlight the potential utility of spatially distributed models to focus and prioritize rehabilitation efforts for future assessments of risk following landscape‐scale disturbance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time domain reflectometry measurement principles and applications
Authors: Jones Scott B. , Wraith Jon M. , Or Dani 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTime domain reflectometry (TDR) is a highly accurate and automatable method for determination of porous media water content and electrical conductivity. Water content is inferred from the dielectric permittivity of the medium, whereas electrical conductivity is inferred from TDR signal attenuation. Empirical and dielectric mixing models are used to relate water content to measured dielectric permittivity. Clay and organic matter bind substantial amounts of water, such that measured bulk dielectric constant is reduced and the relationship with total water content requires individual calibration. A variety of TDR probe configurations provide users with site‐ and media‐specific options. Advances in TDR technology and in other dielectric methods offer the promise not only for less expensive and more accurate tools for electrical determination of water and solute contents, but also a host of other properties such as specific surface area, and retention properties of porous media. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular matrix building marked by the N‐terminal propeptide of procollagen type I reflect aggressiveness of recurrent breast cancer
Authors: Jensen Benny Vittrup , Johansen Julia Sidenius , Skovsgaard Torben , Brandt Jette , Teisner Børge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to examine the association between extracellular matrix homeostasis and aggressive breast cancer as reflected by the synthesis of type I collagen marked by circulating concentration of the aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP). Pre‐therapeutic serum PINP concentrations were measured in 154 healthy women and 100 patients referred with their first metastatic manifestation of breast cancer and correlated to the metastatic pattern, response to therapy, time to progression and survival with a minimal follow‐up of 5 years. Fifty‐four percent of the patients had serum PINP concentrations greater than the 95th percentile of the healthy controls and 38% were high PINP level patients with values clearly outside normal range (>125 ng/ml). Patients with high PINP levels were more sick (p = 0.002), had a higher tumor burden (p = 0.013) and revealed a lower responsiveness to anthracycline‐based therapy (p = 0.0002) as well as an accelerated time to disease progression (p = 0.00001) and death (p = 0.0006). Median survival in the high serum PINP level group was less than half of that in the group with low PINP level (14.5 vs. 32 months). The lowest PINP levels were seen when the cancer was restricted to the lymph node and skin and increasing PINP levels were found if the cancer had spread to the lungs, the bones, the bone marrow and the liver. High PINP level at recurrence and lack of estrogen receptors (ER) independently reflected aggressive tumor behavior after recurrence with an equal great impact on time to progression and survival. Patients with a high PINP level and primarily ER‐negative tumors survived a median of only 6 months with no one alive after 22 months. By contrast patients with a low PINP level and ER‐positive tumors had a median survival of 37 months and 23% were still alive after 5 years. Aggressive breast cancer induces a strong fibroproliferative response with synthesis of type I collagen. Serum PINP levels may be a diagnostic and prognostic tool that indicate breast cancer activity, aggressiveness, expansion and metastasis and a predictor of outcome after anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome 6p21.2, 18q21.2 and human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA can predict prognosis of cervical cancer after radiotherapy
Authors: Harima Yoko , Sawada Satoshi , Nagata Kenji , Sougawa Mitsuharu , Ohnishi Takeo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) is one of the most important mechanisms for inactivation of tumor‐suppressor genes. Studies of LOH in patients with cervical carcinoma have reported a high frequency of LOH on 3p21.3, 6p21.2, 17p13.1, and 18q21.2. Our study explored whetherp53status, human papilloma virus (HPV), and LOH on chromosome 3p21.3, 6p21.2, 17p13.1, and 18q21.2 are associated with treatment outcome in 65 patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy. Tumors and normal DNA were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genetic losses at 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The presence of HPV and its type were analyzed by PCR‐based assay using the consensus primers for E6, E7, and L1 region. Mutations of thep53gene were identified by a single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Chromosomes 3p21.3, 6p21.2, 17p13.1, and 18q21.2 were involved in the LOH in 23.1%, 41.5%%, 33.8%, and 23.1% of the tumors in our study, respectively. HPV‐positive tumors were found in 73.8% of the patients andp53mutation in 10.8%. The patients with LOH on chromosome 6p21.2 and 18q21.2 survived significantly shorter compared with those without LOH on chromosome 6p21.2 and 18q21.2 in both the overall survival (P= 0.006 andP= 0.007) and the disease‐free survival (P= 0.005 andP= 0.008). The HPV‐negative patients survived significantly shorter compared with the HPV‐positive patients in both the overall survival (P= 0.01) and the disease‐free survival (P= 0.04). According to multivariate analysis, HPV status (P= 0.0004,P= 0.01), LOH on 6p21.2 (P= 0.006,P= 0.02), and LOH on 18q21.2 (in bothP= 0.01) is a significant predictor of both overall and disease‐free survival time. The results of our study suggest that absence of HPV infection, LOH on 6p21.2, and LOH on 18q21.2 are the most important determinants of outcome of patients with cervical carcinoma after radiotherapy. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retroviral gene transfer of interferon‐inducible protein 10 inhibits growth of human melanoma xenografts
Authors: Feldman Andrew L. , Friedl Josef , Lans Titia E. , Libutti Steven K. , Lorang Dominique , Miller Marshall S. , Turner Ewa M. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Alexander H. Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterferon‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) is an immunomodulatory chemokine recently recognized to have potent antiangiogenic activity in vivo. Due to difficulties in the stability, manufacture and chronic administration of recombinant forms of endogenous antiangiogenic proteins, antiangiogenic gene therapy has emerged as a promising new form of cancer treatment. We retrovirally transduced A375 human melanoma cells with the human IP‐10 gene and injected cells subcutaneously into nude mice. IP‐10‐transduced cells also were mixed with null‐transduced cells in varying proportions before injection. In vivo growth of IP‐10‐transduced melanoma cells was markedly diminished compared to parental or null‐transduced cells (p = 0.0002, Kruskal‐Wallis test). This growth inhibition was associated with a marked reduction in microvessel density. The degree of growth inhibition of tumors following injection of a mixed population of null‐ and IP‐10‐transduced cells was directly associated with the fraction of IP‐10‐transduced cells present. We conclude that retroviral transduction of human melanoma cells with the IP‐10 gene leads to sufficient protein secretion to inhibit angiogenesis and tumor growth. These findings suggest that IP‐10 gene therapy might be an effective therapy in patients with cancer. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Loss of heterozygosity analysis at the BRCA loci in tumor samples from patients with familial breast cancer
Authors: Osorio Ana , de la Hoya Miguel , Rodríguez‐López Raquel , Martínez‐Ramírez Angel , Cazorla Alicia , Granizo Juan José , Esteller Manel , Rivas Carmen , Caldés Trinidad , Benítez Javier 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are responsible for a high proportion of familial breast cancer; germline mutations in these genes confer a lifetime risk of about 70% for developing breast cancer. Most of the described deleterious mutations are small deletions or insertions that originate a truncated protein; however, in many cases, they are amino acid changes whose significance is unknown. In these cases, there are some tests that can analyze the meaning of these variants, but most remain unclassified. The BRCA genes are tumor supressors and it is beleived that complete loss of the wild‐type allele is a common mechanism of inactivation in tumors from patients carrying a germline deleterious mutation in these genes; if this is true, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in the tumor sample could help to distinguish if a rare variant is either a deleterious mutation or a common polymorphism. In the present study, we performed LOH analysis at the BRCA loci in 47 tumors from patients who belonged to high‐risk breast cancer families and were carriers of any type of alteration in these genes. Our results suggest that (i) loss of the wild‐type allele is the most common mechanism of inactivation in tumors from patients who carry a deleterious mutation in any of the genes, (ii) this loss is not common when we analyze familial tumors not associated with mutations in BRCA and (iii) LOH can be used to clarify variants of unknown significance in the BRCA genes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dosimetric and radiographic correlates to prostate brachytherapy‐related rectal complications
Authors: Han Ben H. , Wallner Kent E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDespite rates of radiation proctitis reported in the 1% to 9% range in most series, there is little information regarding rectal morbidity and dosimetric parameters. Accordingly, we have analyzed computed tomography (CT)‐based dosimetric parameters based on a series of patients with endoscopically proven radiation proctitis. Nine patients diagnosed with radiation proctitis on endoscopy were identified in a prior review of 160 consecutively treated patients at the University of Washington in 1997. For each proctitis patient, two patients with no rectal bleeding matched for prostate size, isotope, and dose were selected as controls. Axial CT images obtained 2 to 4 hour postoperatively were used for postimplant dosimetry. Dose volume histograms of the rectum, surface area of the outer rectal wall receiving ≥ 100% of the prescribed dose, maximum rectal dose, and length of rectum receiving ≥ 100% prescription were obtained. Preimplant CT scans were used to group patients into three categories based on the amount of apparent rectal contact with the prostate. All rectal dosimetric parameters were statistically different between patients with or without rectal bleeding. The mean surface area receiving at least 100% prescription dose was 3.1 cm2 for the controls vs. 6.9 cm2 for the rectal bleeders (P = 0.001). The volume of rectum receiving at least 100% of prescription dose was 0.6 cc for the controls vs. 2.5 cc for the bleeders (P = 0.00008). Patients with full prostate‐rectal contact had significantly higher rectal dose parameters compared to those with partial or no rectal contact. All nine proctitis patients were in the full‐rectal‐contact group compared to only seven of 18 (39%) controls. This detailed dosimetric analysis shows higher rectal doses for patients with radiation proctitis, making it a potential method of identifying patients at higher risk for receiving excessive rectal doses based on the anatomic relationship between the rectum and prostate on CT scan. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromelysin‐3 expression by mammary tumor‐associated fibroblasts under in vitro breast cancer cell induction
Authors: Wang Chang Shu , Têtu Bernard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo understand better the influence of the host stromal phenotype on stromal expression of stromelysin‐3 (ST3) in breast cancer, we have investigated ST3 expression by host stromal cells isolated from 9 different primary breast carcinomas. These tumor‐associated fibroblasts were cocultivated with 3 epithelial cancer cell lines of mammary origin (MDA‐MB‐231, SK‐BR‐3 and MCF‐7), as well as with normal human mammary epithelial cells (NME and 184A1) and keratinocytes, using both direct and indirect coculture systems. ST3 expression was demonstrated by both in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The results showed that ST3 expression by stromal cells was cancer‐specific. Indeed, ST3 expression by tumor‐associated stromal cells was induced by 3 malignant cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231, SK‐BR‐3 and MCF‐7), whereas no ST3 was expressed under normal mammary epithelial cell stimulation. ST3 expression was weak or absent in unstimulated tumor‐associated fibroblasts. However, after direct coculture with cancer cells, expression of ST3 transcripts reappeared in 8 of the 9 cases and was observed only in fibroblasts located in close contact with tumor cells. Under similar coculture conditions and using the same cancer cell line stimulation, ST3 expression was, however, quite variable among these 9 cases, reflecting the difference of protease expression observed on the sections of the original tumors. Tumor induction of ST3 expression was much more important by direct cell‐cell contact than by indirect stimulation and was not influenced by the addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and anti‐bFGF to the culture medium. Our results suggest that the host stromal cell phenotype may significantly influence host stromal cell protease expression under cancer cell stimulation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Market structure and the persistence of sectoral real exchange rates
Authors: Cheung Yin‐Wong , Chinn Menzie , Fujii Eiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examine the relationship between market structure and the persistence of US dollar‐based sectoral real exchange rates for 14 OECD countries. Our empirical results based on disaggregated data suggest that differences in market structure significantly determine the rates at which deviations from sectoral purchasing power parity decay. Specifically, industries with a larger price‐cost margin are found to exhibit slower parity reversion of their sectoral real exchange rates. Further, as the degree of intra‐industry trade activity increases, sectoral real exchange rate persistence becomes more pronounced. These findings suggest that an imperfectly competitive market structure contributes to the well‐documented persistence in real exchange rates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress, maternal depression, and negative mother–infant interactions in relation to infant attachment
Authors: Coyl Diana D. , Roggman Lori A. , Newland Lisa A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis research examined factors contributing to infant attachment security such as stressful events, maternal depression, negative parent–infant interactions, and spanking. The sample included 169 mostly European American mothers and infants who were qualified applicants to Early Head Start. Interview and self‐report measures of contextual stress, mothers' depressive symptoms, mother–infant negative interactions, and discipline strategies were administered by trained researchers when infants were 14 months old. In addition, mothers' completed the Attachment Q‐set (AQS, version 3.0, Waters, 1987). Infant security was lower when maternal depression was higher, when mothers were more dissatisfied in their interactions with infants, and when these infants were spanked more frequently. A path model was constructed to examine the direct and indirect paths from predictor variables to infant attachment security. Maternal depression, negative interactions, and spanking directly affected infant attachment security. Economic stress and relationship stress directly affected maternal depression and frequency of spanking, thereby indirectly influencing infant attachment security. These findings suggest that understanding the influences on infant attachment security is essential for effective early prevention and intervention that promote optimal development. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.