bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelogenin: A Potential Regulator of Cementum‐Associated Genes
Authors: Viswanathan Hema L. , Berry Janice E. , Foster Brian L. , Gibson Carolyn W. , Li Yong , Kulkarni Ashok B. , Snead Malcolm L. , Somerman Martha J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Studies suggest that enamel matrix proteins induce differentiation and mineralization of a variety of mesenchymal cells, including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts. It has been postulated that this activity could be due to amelogenin‐like proteins, known to be present in some mixtures of enamel matrix derivatives. Amelogenins have been reported to induce expression of a mineralized tissue‐specific marker, bone sialoprotein (BSP), indicating that epithelial products can regulate the activity of mesenchyme‐derived cells.Methods: To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in BSP regulation, a clonal population of immortalized murine cementoblasts (OCCM‐30) was exposed to full‐length murine amelogenin protein (rp(H)M180), 0.1 µg/ml to 10.0 µg/ml, for 8 days in vitro. To further investigate the potential epithelial‐mesenchymal interaction, an amelogenin knockout mouse model was used to examine expression of BSP and other markers, including Type I collagen, in tissue samples.Results: The lowest dose of amelogenin slightly enhanced BSP expression, whereas at the highest dose, a dramatic decrease (three‐fold) in BSP expression was observed. Parallel experiments showed a corresponding decrease in mineral nodule formation in vitro for cells treated with the higher dose of rp(H)M180. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of sections from amelogenin null mice revealed a dramatic reduction in expression of BSP mRNA and protein in cementoblasts and surrounding osteoblasts in comparison to age‐matched controls. In contrast, the expression of Type I collagen was not significantly different from controls.Conclusion: These data suggest that amelogenin may be a critical signaling molecule required for appropriate development of the periodontium. J Periodontol 2003;74:1423‐1431.
Antibody Responses of Periodontitis Patients to Gingipains of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Inagaki Satoru , Ishihara Kazuyuki , Yasaki Yuriko , Yamada Satoru , Okuda Katsuji 
Published: February 2005

Background: Arginine‐ and lysine‐specific cysteine proteinases (arg‐gingipain: Rgp, lys‐gingipain: Kgp) are major virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Recent reports have suggested that antibodies against gingipains can play a protective role against infection by P. gingivalis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the IgG responses of patients with periodontitis to functional domains of gingipains.Methods: A group of 29 periodontitis patients and 10 periodontally healthy subjects (control group) were recruited into this study. We prepared three recombinant fragments of rgp A (catalytic domain; r‐Rgp CAT) and two hemagglutinin domains (r‐Rgp 44, and r‐Rgps 15‐27) corresponding to amino acid residues 228 to 719, 720 to 1136, and 1137 to 1704, respectively. One fragment of the Kgp catalytic domain (r‐Kgp CAT) corresponding to amino acid residues 229 to 737 and expressed in Escherichia coli was also used. IgG antibody levels to these recombinant proteins in sera from the subjects were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: We found that IgG levels against r‐Rgp 44 and r‐Rgps 15‐27 in sera obtained from the patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy group (P <0.01). In contrast, no significant differences in IgG levels against r‐Rgp CAT and r‐Kgp CAT were found between the control and patient groups. The IgG responses to P. gingivalis sonic extracts, r‐Rgp 44 and r‐Rgps 15‐27, were related to probing depth in sera from patients, but those to r‐Rgp CAT and r‐Kgp CAT were not.Conclusion: The present findings suggest that the low responsiveness of IgG antibody against the catalytic domains of gingipain, r‐Rgp CAT, and r‐Kgp CAT is a key factor in infection by P. gingivalis. J Periodontol 2003;74:1432‐1439.
Associations of Periodontal Status with General Health Conditions and Serum Antibody Titers for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Furuichi Yasushi , Shimotsu Akihiro , Ito Hiroo , Namariyama Yukari , Yotsumoto Yukiharu , Hino Youichi , Mishige Yukie , Inoue Masakazu , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate associations of periodontal status with general health conditions and with serum antibody titers for Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in a Japanese population.Methods: Subjects (1,314) aged 40 years or older were recruited for the study. Their periodontal status was evaluated using the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Records from general health examinations were used for the present analyses, including data on age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP); levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, and C‐reactive protein (CRP); counts of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets; smoking habit; and electrocardiogram recordings. Serum IgG antibody titers for Pg fimbrial antigens (IgG.Pg.Fim.), Pg whole‐cell antigens (IgG.Pg.whol.), and Aa whole‐cell antigens (IgG.Aa.whol.) were determined using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The subjects were divided, according to their maximum CPITN codes, into four periodontal groups: max.CPITN‐0/1/2, ‐3, ‐4, or ‐MS (missing sextant).Results: Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations of the max.CPITN–4 subjects who were males (odds ratio, OR: 2.03) or smokers (OR: 1.73), or who had high diastolic blood pressure (OR: 1.27), high WBC (OR: 1.24), high serum CRP level (OR: 2.39) and high serum IgG.Pg.Fim. (OR: 1.17), IgG.Pg.whol. (OR:1.54), and IgG.Aa.whol. (OR: 1.19) titers.Conclusion: Significant associations between periodontal status and several health conditions were found in the adult population examined, including gender, smoking habit, diastolic blood pressure, white blood cell counts, C‐reactive protein, and serum IgG antibodies to P. gingivalis fimbriae, IgG P. gingivalis whole cell, and IgG A. actinomycetemcomitans whole cell titers. J Periodontol 2003;74:1491‐1497.
Guided Tissue Regeneration‐Based Root Coverage: Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Al‐Hamdan Khalid , Eber Robert , Sarment David , Kowalski Charles , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of guided tissue regenerationbased root coverage (GTRC) is to repair gingival recession via new attachment formation. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted utilizing the concept of GTR to promote root coverage. Most GTRC studies have had relatively small sample sizes and have not utilized power calculations to determine appropriate sample size; therefore, it is difficult to draw strong conclusions from them. Hence, the purpose of this study is to combine data from currently available GTRC studies and to use meta‐analysis to determine whether GTRC provides significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to conventional periodontal plastic surgical approaches for the treatment of marginal tissue recession.Methods: Studies were identified that used GTR approaches to treat gingival recession from January 1990 to October 2001. Information from each study was entered into a database. Data were analyzed according to the following criteria: GTRC versus conventional mucogingival surgery (CMGS); membrane type; root conditioning; pretreatment recession depth; adjunctive use of bone replacement graft (BRG); and source of funding. Studies were ranked independently, and mean data from each were weighted accordingly. Meta‐analysis was performed using the weighted means for each group. Paired t tests were used to determine statistical significance between each pair of groups.Results: Forty papers were included for analysis. GTRC resulted in an average of 74% recession depth reduction, 41% complete root coverage, 3 mm AL gain, and 1 mm KG gain. Both GTRC and CMGS produced significant (P <0.05) improvement compared to baseline measurements. Compared to GTRC, CMGS resulted in significantly (P<0.05) increased KG (2.1 mm vs. 1.1 mm), root coverage (81% vs. 74%), and percentage of defects with complete root coverage (55% vs. 41%). Use of absorbable membranes, root conditioning, shallow pretreatment recession (<4 mm), and corporate sponsorship all resulted in significantly (P<0.05) improved percentages of sites with complete root coverage but had no effect on other parameters.Conclusions: Based on this meta‐analysis, guided tissue regeneration‐based root coverage can be used successfully to repair gingival recession defects. Conventional mucogingival surgery, however, resulted in statistically better root coverage, width of keratinized gingiva, and complete root coverage. J Periodontol 2003;74:1520‐1533.
Gingival/Soft Tissue Abscess Following Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for Root Coverage: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Vastardis Sotirios , Yukna Raymond A. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is a predictable technique for root coverage. The small number of potential postoperative problems make SCTG the current treatment of choice for reversing gingival recession.Methods: The purpose of this article is to report three cases of complications after the use of an SCTG where an abscess occurred following the initial healing phase. The surgical technique that was used and the treatment that was provided for the abscesses are reported, and the possible causes of these complications are discussed.Results: The abscesses were treated conservatively, and no recurrence has been observed after treatment.Conclusions: Possible causes of the abscesses include “stitch abscess” or reaction to the suture material used for the submerged sutures, or a possible role of epithelium implanted during the procedure. The clinical outcome of the root coverage procedure was not affected. J Periodontol 2003;74:1676‐1681.
Association Between Alveolar Bone Loss and Elevated Serum C‐Reactive Protein in Japanese Men
Authors: Saito Toshiyuki , Murakami Masatoshi , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Oobayashi Kyoko , Matsumoto Sumihisa , Koga Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: Moderate elevation of C‐reactive protein (CRP) is thought to predict type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), both of which are associated with periodontitis. Recent studies indicate that periodontal disease is associated with moderate elevation of CRP; however, the relationship between alveolar bone loss (ABL) and CRP elevation is unclear.Methods: A total of 179 Japanese men aged 50 to 54 years old, with at least 10 teeth, were examined as part of a comprehensive health examination before retirement from the Japan Self‐Defense Force. ABL was measured at proximal sites of posterior teeth on a panoramic x‐ray film. The relationship between the mean ratio of ABL to root length and serum CRP level and other variables was analyzed.Results: ABL was significantly correlated with serum CRP level (P = 0.008), alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.008), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.04, inversely), white blood cell count (P <0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.002), age (P = 0.03), and smoking history (P <0.001). In a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for age, smoking history, systolic blood pressure, body‐mass index, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol, subjects in the highest tertile of ABL had an increased risk for CRP elevation ≥1.3 mg/l (odds ratio [OR] = 8.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 to 40.7; P = 0.01) when compared to the lowest tertile of ABL.Conclusion: ABL around posterior teeth was associated with elevated CRP in Japanese men, suggesting an association between periodontal disease and increased risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD. J Periodontol 2003;74:1741‐1746.
Effects of Nd:YAG and CO2 Laser Treatment and Ultrasonic Scaling on Periodontal Pockets of Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Miyazaki Akira , Yamaguchi Toshikazu , Nishikata Jun , Okuda Kazuhiro , Suda Satoru , Orima Kazuko , Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yamazaki Kazuhisa , Yoshikawa Eiji , Yoshie Hiromasa 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Nd:YAG and CO2 laser treatment to that of ultrasonic scaling used as monotherapies by examining clinical parameters, subgingival microflora, and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).Methods: Eighteen patients, each of whom had 2 or more sites with probing depth measuring >5 mm, were included this clinical trial. The 41 sites were randomly assigned treatment with either Nd:YAG laser alone (n = 14, 100 mj, 20 pps, 2.0 W, 120 seconds), CO2 laser alone (n = 13, 2.0 W, 120 seconds), or ultrasonic scaling alone (n = 14, maximum power, 120 seconds). At baseline and at 1, 4, and 12 weeks, clinical measurements (plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; probing depth, PD; clinical attachment level, CAL; and bleeding on probing, BOP) were performed and subgingival plaque and GCF sampled. A quantitative analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis was carried out using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures. The amounts of IL‐1β were estimated by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Decreased inflammation and PD were observed in all 3 groups after treatment. A microbiological analysis indicated significant decreases in P. gingivalis in the Nd:YAG and scaling groups at 1, 4, and 12 weeks compared to baseline (P <0.05). The amount of GCF significantly decreased in the Nd:YAG and scaling groups at 12 weeks. The amount of IL‐1β increased in the CO2 group from baseline to 1 week (P <0.05). The Nd:YAG group tended to show a decrease in IL‐1β from 1 to 12 weeks, although these data were not statistically significant.Conclusions: Our data suggest that Nd:YAG laser and ultrasonic scaling treatments showed significant improvements regarding the clinical parameters and subgingival microflora compared to the baseline, but no significant difference was observed between the 3 groups. J Periodontol 2003;74:175‐180.
Gene Therapy of Bone Morphogenetic Protein for Periodontal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Jin Q‐M. , Anusaksathien O. , Webb S.A. , Rutherford R.B. , Giannobile W.V. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The reconstruction of lost periodontal support including bone, ligament, and cementum is a major goal of therapy. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have shown much potential in the regeneration of the periodontium. Limitations of BMP administration to periodontal lesions include need for highdose bolus delivery, BMP transient biological activity, and low bioavailability of factors at the wound site. Gene transfer offers promise as an alternative treatment strategy to deliver BMPs to periodontal tissues.Methods: This study utilized ex vivo BMP‐7 gene transfer to stimulate tissue engineering of alveolar bone wounds. Syngeneic dermal fibroblasts (SDFs) were transduced ex vivo with adenoviruses encoding either green fluorescent protein (Ad‐GFP or control virus), BMP‐7 (Ad‐BMP‐7), or an antagonist of BMP bioactivity, noggin (Ad‐noggin). Transduced cells were seeded onto gelatin carriers and then transplanted to large mandibular alveolar bone defects in a rat wound repair model.Results: Ad‐noggin treatment tended to inhibit osteogenesis as compared to the control‐treated and Ad‐BMP‐7‐treated specimens. The osseous lesions treated by Ad‐BMP‐7 gene delivery demonstrated rapid chrondrogenesis, with subsequent osteogenesis, cementogenesis and predictable bridging of the periodontal bone defects.Conclusion: These results demonstrate the first successful evidence of periodontal tissue engineering using ex vivo gene transfer of BMPs and offers a new approach for repairing periodontal defects. J Periodontol 2003;74:202‐213.
Immediate Functional and Non‐Functional Loading of Dental Implants: A 2‐ to 60‐Month Follow‐Up Study of 646 Titanium Implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of this study was the evaluation, from a clinical point of view, of implants subjected to immediate functional loading (IFL) and to immediate non‐functional loading (INFL) in various anatomical configurations.Methods: The study included 152 patients who had given their informed consent. A total of 646 implants were inserted. The implants were placed in 39 totally edentulous mandibles, 14 edentulous maxillae, 23 edentulous posterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior maxillae, and 15 edentulous posterior maxillae. Fifty‐eight implants were used to replace single missing teeth. In 65 cases, IFL was carried out for 422 implants. INFL was carried out in 116 cases, (224 implants).Results: In the IFL group 6 of 422 implants failed (1.4%); in the INFL group 2 of 224 implants failed (0.9%). All the other implants appeared, from clinical and radiographic observations, to have successfully osseointegrated and have been functioning satisfactorily since insertion. All failures were observed in the first few months after implant loading.Conclusion: Immediate functional and non‐functional loading seems to be a technique that gives satisfactory results in selected cases. J Periodontol 2003;74:225‐241.
An Autologous Cell Hyaluronic Acid Graft Technique for Gingival Augmentation: A Case Series
Authors: Prato Giovan Paolo Pini , Rotundo Roberto , Magnani Cristina , Soranzo Carlo , Muzzi Leonardo , Cairo Francesco 
Published: February 2005

Background: An autologous cell hyaluronic acid graft was used for gingival augmentation in mucogingival surgery.Methods: Seven sites from 6 patients were used in this study. Five patients (5 sites) needed gingival augmentation prior to prosthetic rehabilitation, and one patient (2 sites) needed augmentation because of pain during daily toothbrushing. Full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded for the sites at baseline and 3 months after surgery. The amount of keratinized tissue (KT) was measured in the mesial, middle, and distal sites of each involved tooth. A small 2 ×1 ×1 mmportion of gingiva (epithelium and connective tissue) was removed from each patient, placed in a nutritional medium, and sent to the laboratory. The gingival tissue was processed: keratinocytes and fibroblasts were separated and only fibroblasts were cultivated. They were cultured on a scaffold of fully esterified benzyl ester hyaluronic acid (HA) and returned to the periodontal office under sterile conditions. During the gingival augmentation procedure, the periosteum of the selected teeth was exposed, and the membrane containing cultivated fibroblasts was adapted to and positioned on the site.Results: Three months after surgery, an increased amount of gingiva was obtained, and the histological examination revealed a fully keratinized tissue on all the treated sites.Conclusion: Tissue engineering technology using an autologous cell hyaluronic acid graft was applied in gingival augmentation procedures and provides an increase of gingiva in a very short time without any discomfort for the patient. J Periodontol 2003;74: 262‐267.
Subgingival Plaque Removal at Interdental Sites Using a Low‐Abrasive Air Polishing Powder
Authors: Petersilka Gregor J. , Tunkel Jochen , Barakos Katerina , Heinecke Achim , Häberlein Ingo , Flemmig Thomas F. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the study was to test the efficacy of a novel low‐abrasive air polishing powder in subgingival plaque removal at interdental sites during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT).Methods: Using a split mouth design, subgingival plaque was removed in 23 PMT patients using a low abrasive powder using a standard air polishing unit (test) or curets (positive control). Before and immediately after treatment, subgingival plaque samples were taken from interdental sites with 3 to 5 mm probing depth (PD) at 2 test teeth and 2 positive control teeth. To evaluate the influence of sampling on the microflora, plaque samples were also taken twice at 2 teeth without therapy with PD of 3 to 5 mm (negative control). PMT treatment and plaque sampling were repeated 3 times at quarterly intervals. Anaerobe cultivation was utilized to assess the mean reduction of total colony forming units (CFU) immediately after treatment.Results: Test treatment resulted in a significantly greater reduction in subgingival bacterial counts (log 1.9 ± 0.7) than positive control treatment (log 1.1 ± 0.6) and subgingival plaque sampling alone (log 0.5 ± 0.5; P <0.05). Differences between positive and negative control were not significant (P <0.05).Conclusion: The novel low‐abrasive air polishing powder is superior to curets in removing subgingival plaque at interdental sites with up to 5 mm probing depth in PMT. J Periodontol 2003;74:307‐311.
Can Toothpaste or a Toothbrush with Antibacterial Tufts Prevent Toothbrush Contamination?
Authors: Quirynen Marc , De Soete Marc , Pauwels Martine , Gizani Sotiria , Van Meerbeek Bart , van Steenberghe Daniel 
Published: February 2005

Background: Periopathogens and cariogenic species survive more than 48 hours on toothbrushes even under dry storage. This study examined a decontamination of toothbrushes by means of the bactericidal effect of different toothpastes or special coating of the tufts.Methods: Eight untreated periodontitis patients were professionally brushed, using a new toothbrush per quadrant and 3 different toothpastes containing either amine/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2),amine fluoride (AmF), or a mild surfactant as major antibacterial component (excipient), or no paste (C). The brushes were rinsed and stored dry at room temperature. At different time intervals, 4 tufts per toothbrush were processed for selective and non‐selective culturing procedures. The protocol was repeated comparing AmF/SnF2 and C with 2 toothbrushes with coated tufts (coat1 and coat2).Results: At baseline, C brushes (n = 16) harbored 107, 108, and 106 colony forming units (CFU) of aerobic, anaerobic, and black pigmented species, respectively. After 24 hours 106 CFU of aerobic and anaerobic species could still be cultured from 14 of the 16 brushes. Black‐pigmented species remained detectable up to 4 hours; detection frequencies for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus mutans at 24 hours were 5/16. With AmF/SnF2 and AmF toothpaste the number of adhering bacteria was already 2 log lower at baseline (P <0.05), but not for the excipient (0.5 log, P = 0.7). With AmF/SnF2 no vital species could be detected after 8 hours. AmF reduced the bacterial survival rate significantly more than the excipient, but less than AmF/SnF2 (P<0.05). The bactericidal effect of coat1 and coat2 was negligible when compared to C (P >0.20), and clearly inferior to the AmF/SnF2paste (P <0.0001). After 24 hours these brushes still harbored >105 CFU.Conclusions: Toothpastes can significantly reduce contamination of toothbrushes, but their bactericidal activity is dependent on their composition. Coated tufts failed to limit the bacterial contamination. J Periodontol 2003;74:312‐322.