bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NiO as Hole Transporting Layer for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study of X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Nandi Pronoy , Park Hyoungmin , Shin Sooun , Lee Jin‐Wook , Kim Jin Young , Ko Min Jae , Jung Hyun Suk , Park Nam‐Gyu , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHygroscopic and acidic nature of organic hole transport layers (HTLs) insisted to replace it with metal oxide semiconductors due to their favorable charge carrier transport with long chemical stability. Apart from large direct bandgap and high optical transmittance, ionization energy in the range of −5.0 to −5.4 eV leads to use NiO as HTL due to good energetic matching with lead halide perovskites. Analyzing X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) data of NiO, it is speculated that p‐type conductivity is related to the NiOOH or Ni2O3 states in the structure and the electrical conductivity can be modified by altering the concentration of nickel or oxygen vacancies. However, it is difficult to separate the contribution from nonlocal screening, surface effect and the presence of vacancy induced Ni3+ ion due to very strong satellite structure in the Ni 2p XPS spectrum of NiO. Thus, an effective approach to analyze the NiO XPS spectrum is presented and the way to correlate the presence of Ni3+ with the conductivity results which will help to avoid overestimation in finding the oxygen‐rich/deficient conditions in NiO.
Causal Relationships Between Screen Use, Reading, and Brain Development in Early Adolescents
Authors: Li Mingyang , Zhao Ruoke , Dang Xixi , Xu Xinyi , Chen Ruike , Chen Yiwei , Zhang Yuqi , Zhao Zhiyong , Wu Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe rise of new media has greatly changed the lifestyles, leading to increased time on these platforms and less time spent reading. This shift has particularly profound impacts on early adolescents, who are in a critical stage of brain development. Previous studies have found associations between screen use and mental health, but it remains unclear whether screen use is the direct cause of the outcomes. Here, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset is utlized to examine the causal relationships between screen use and brain development. The results revealed adverse causal effects of screen use on language ability and specific behaviors in early adolescents, while reading has positive causal effects on their language ability and brain volume in the frontal and temporal regions. Interestingly, increased screen use is identified as a result, rather than a cause, of certain behaviors such as rule‐breaking and aggressive behaviors. Furthermore, the analysis uncovered an indirect influence of screen use, mediated by changes in reading habits, on brain development. These findings provide new evidence for the causal influences of screen use on brain development and highlight the importance of monitoring media use and related habit change in children.
Feasibility of engineered Bacillus subtilis for use as a microbiome‐based topical drug delivery platform
Authors: Montgomery Veronica A. , Wood‐Yang Amy J. , Styczynski Mark P. , Prausnitz Mark R. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNon‐adherence to medication is a major challenge in healthcare that results in worsened treatment outcomes for patients. Reducing the frequency of required administrations could improve adherence but is challenging for topical drug delivery due to the generally short residence time of topical formulations on the skin. In this study, we sought to determine the feasibility of developing a microbiome‐based, long‐acting, topical delivery platform using Bacillus subtilis for drug production and delivery on the skin, which was assessed using green fluorescent protein as a model heterologous protein for delivery. We developed a computational model of bacteria population dynamics on the skin and used its qualitative predictions to guide experimental design choices. Using an ex vivo pig skin model and a human skin tissue culture model, we saw persistence of delivered bacteria for multiple days and observed little evidence of cytotoxicity to human keratinocyte cells in vitro. Finally, using an in vivo mouse model, we found that the delivered bacteria persisted on the skin for at least 1 day during every‐other‐day application and did not appear to present safety concerns. Taken together, our results support the feasibility of using engineered B. subtilis for topical drug delivery.
Investigation of the Chemisorption‐Catalysis Behavior of Sulfur Species on the Electrocatalysts Designed by Co‐regulation Strategy of Anions and Cations
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLi‐S batteries possess high energy density and have been one of the most promising energy storage systems. For sulfur cathodes, the electrochemical performance is still seriously hindered by the polysulfide shuttling and sluggish conversion kinetics. It has been demonstrated to be one effective strategy to address the above issues via designing electrocatalysts with robust affinity and catalytic capacity towards polysulfides. However, it is still a great challenge to rapidly and economically discover high‐performance electrocatalysts. Herein, using density functional theory calculation, we studied the chemisorption‐catalysis behavior of sulfur species on a series of electrocatalysts (MCo2X4, M=Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, and Mn, X=O, S, and Se) to assess the effect of the anions and cations co‐regulation on their electronic structure, chemisorption behavior, and catalytic property. FeCo2Se4 and CuCo2Se4 combined appropriate chemisorption with superior electronic conductivity and sulfur reduction catalytic capacity have been predicted as novel electrocatalysts for high‐performance Li‐S batteries. This study gives theoretical guidance for rapid discovery of high‐efficient electrocatalyst to boost the electrochemical performance of sulfur cathodes.
Main Group Analogs of Dichalcogeniranes
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Tokitoh Norihiro , Okazaki Renji 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis Mini Review highlights recent advances in the preparation of main group analogs of dichalcogeniranes. The three–membered ring compounds are an intriguing class of compounds in terms of their strained structures and high reactivity. As for three–membered rings composed of a carbon and two group 16 atoms, dioxiranes have long been utilized as oxidants, while some dithiiranes have been synthesized. In contrast, diselenirane and ditellurirane remain elusive. On the other hand, the chemistry of three–membered rings consisting of a non–carbon main group atom and two group 16 atoms has recently gained significant track. These emerging three–membered ring compounds were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis on many occasions, revealing unique molecular structures with very long chalcogen–chalcogen single–bond distances in some cases. A common reactivity is dechalcogenation reactions using phosphine reagents, which provide access to the corresponding double‐bonded compounds. This minireview covers recent advances in the synthesis of main group analogs of dioxirane, dithiirane, diselenirane, and even ditellurirane.
Whole‐body motion planning and tracking of a mobile robot with a gimbal RGB‐D camera for outdoor 3D exploration
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Chen Haoyao , Fu Mengmeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutonomous exploration is a fundamental problem for certain applications of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Depth cameras are widely used in exploring indoor and specific outdoor environments. However, existing methods suffer from inefficient and unstable performance of exploration in open outdoor environments. This study develops a framework to achieve fast and robust three‐dimensional exploration by UGVs with a gimbal camera in challenging outdoor environments. A hierarchical reactive planning approach based on a multilayered map is proposed to improve exploration efficiency. Additionally, an adaptive semantic mapping algorithm is proposed to more accurately and stably represent the environmental localization uncertainty. Localization uncertainty is integrated into the planning approach to decrease odometry drift and prevent localization failure, further enhancing the exploration robustness. A viewpoint tracking controller based on terrain‐aware model predictive control is proposed to guarantee the accuracy of the planned viewpoint tracking and to further improve the robustness of localization and exploration on rough terrains. Finally, several physical‐engine simulations and experiments in outdoor environments are performed. The comparisons to existing state‐of‐the‐art approaches have verified the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The code of our system will be available at https://github.com/HITSZ-NRSL/Open3DExplorer.git.
Multi-constellation GNSS interferometric reflectometry for tidal analysis: mitigations for K1 and K2 biases due to GPS geometrical errors
Authors: Peng Dongju , Lin Yunung Nina , Lee Jui-Chi , Su Hsuan-Han , Hill Emma M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt has been observed that when using sea levels derived from GPS (Global Positioning System) signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data to perform tidal analysis, the luni-solar semidiurnal (K2) and the luni-solar diurnal (K1) constituents are biased due to geometrical errors in the reflection data, which result from their periods coinciding with the GPS orbital period and revisit period. In this work, we use 18 months of GNSS SNR data from multiple frequencies and multiple constellations at three sites to further investigate the biases and how to mitigate them. We first estimate sea levels using SNR data from the GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo signals, both individually and by combination. Secondly, we conduct tidal harmonic analysis using these sea-level estimates. By comparing the eight major tidal constituents estimated from SNR data with those estimated from the co-located tide-gauge records, we find that the biases in the K1 and K2 amplitudes from GPS S1C, S2X and S5X SNR data can reach 5 cm, and they can be mitigated by supplementing GLONASS- and Galileo-based sea-level estimates. With a proper combination of sea-level estimates from GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, SNR-based tidal constituents can reach agreement at the millimeter level with those from tide gauges.
The multilevel society of proboscis monkeys with a possible patrilineal basis
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Murai Tadahiro , Grueter Cyril C. , Tuuga Augustine , Goossens Benoit , Bernard Henry , Yahya Nurhartini Kamalia , Orozco-terWengel Pablo , Salgado-Lynn Milena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Multilevel societies (MLS), which are characterized by two or more levels of social organization, are among the most complex primate social systems. MLS have only been recorded in a limited number of primates, including humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) form MLS in Sabah, Malaysia, and to genetically characterize their dispersal patterns. Association data were obtained through direct observation (35 months) and kinship data through genetic analysis, based on feces collected from ~ 200 individuals. The results strongly suggest that proboscis monkeys exhibit a form of MLS, with several core reproductive units and a bachelor group woven together into a higher-level band. Genetic analysis revealed that the females migrated randomly over short and long distances; however, the males tended to migrate relatively shorter distances than females. Furthermore, male-male dyads showed a slightly higher average relatedness than female-female dyads. Combined with the results of direct observations, we conclude that proboscis monkeys form MLS with at least two layers and a patrilineal basis. Since patrilineal MLS have been identified as an important step in the evolution of human societies, their convergent appearance in proboscis monkeys may help us understand the drivers of human social evolution.

Significance statement
The aim of this study was to determine the social organization of proboscis monkeys by direct observation and genetic analysis. The results revealed that their social system exhibited a form of multilevel society with a possible patrilineal basis. Since humans exhibit a similar constellation of social features, proboscis monkeys may offer insightful clues about human social evolution.
Afromontane forests and human impact after the African Humid Period: wood charcoal from the Sodicho rock shelter, SW Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Bodin Stéphanie C. , Neumann Katharina , Hensel Elena A. , Vogelsang Ralf , Demissew Sebsebe , Casas-Gallego Manuel , Hahn Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe SW highlands of Ethiopia are a key component in the evolution of modern humans. Yet, palaeoecological studies, essential to understand past human-vegetation relationships, are almost inexistent in this region. In this paper, we present an anthracological study of the Sodicho rock shelter, located at 1,930 m a.s.l. in the SW Ethiopian Afromontane forest zone, reconstructing the past woody vegetation since the end of the African Humid Period (ca. 5,000 cal bp). Our results show that the vegetation around the rock shelter from ca. 4,750 to 1,750 cal bp was an ecotone between Afromontane forest and wooded grasslands of the lowlands, maintained open by the use of fire, although the climatic conditions were favourable for closed forest. The charcoal assemblage also demonstrates strong wood selection, with Syzygium guineense, Acacia and Proteaceae as the preferred taxa, even during a volcanic event when human occupation had been assumed to be absent. We therefore suggest that the rock shelter might have been visited more continuously than previously thought. Finally, under less intense occupation activities from ca. 1,700 to 300 cal bp, forest taxa became comparatively more dominant than before, as documented in the charcoal record. This demonstrates that the forest can recover under reduced human impact. The fact that the Afromontane forest is resilient is of utmost importance, indicating that reforestation is still possible despite the strong agricultural and demographic pressures the Ethiopian highlands are currently facing.
Inventions, innovations and the origins of spelt wheat
Authors: Lechterbeck Jutta , Kerig Tim 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWhat turns an invention into an innovation? How, if at all, might we observe this process archaeologically? Loosely put, new varieties of plants or animals might be considered as inventions (whether from deliberate breeding or by chance), but ones that are only taken up by humans more systematically as innovations when certain social, demographic, economic and environmental factors encourage such take-up. The archaebotanically-observed history of spelt wheat (Triticum spelta) is an interesting case in this respect. Prior to 3000 bce, spelt is occasionally found in very small amounts at sites in eastern Europe and south-west Asia, but is usually considered to be a crop weed in such contexts, rather than a cultivar. However, rather suddenly across Central Europe ~ 3000−2500 bce spelt appears more consistently at multiple Chalcolithic and especially Bell Beaker sites, in quantities which suggest a shift to its use as a deliberate crop. By the full-scale Bronze Age in this region, spelt becomes one of the major crops. This paper discusses this Central European process in greater detail via macro-botanical evidence. It argues that demographic factors during the Neolithic may have inhibited the spread of Asian spelt into central Europe, and that while small amounts of local European spelt were probably present earlier on, it was only at the very end of the Neolithic, in tandem with human population increases and major technological changes such as the introduction of the plough that spelt was taken up as a cultivar. In particular, a shift by some communities in the region ~ 3000−2500 bce to more extensive (and sometimes plough-enabled) agricultural strategies may have favoured deliberate cultivation of spelt on less productive soils, given this variety’s relative robustness to harsher conditions. In other words, a combination of conditions was necessary for this innovation to really take hold.
The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with nasal and paranasal malignant tumors
Authors: Dang Shoutao , Zhang Shurong , Zhao Jingyang , Li Xinyu , Li Wei 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the clinical characteristics of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with nasal and paranasal malignant tumors.

Methods
Patients with locally advanced or recurrence/metastatic malignant tumors of the nasal and paranasal sinuses were included. The SIADH was diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria. The clinical characteristics of SIADH patients were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Six patients (6/188, 3.2%) met the diagnostic criteria of SIADH, including four olfactory neuroblastoma (4/26, 15.4%), one neuroendocrine carcinoma (1/9, 11.1%), and one squamous cell carcinoma (1/63, 1.6%). Five patients (83.3%) had severe hyponatremia; however, the hyponatremia could be improved by fluid restriction or tolvaptan. Three patients' SIADH were recovered during the chemotherapy and the other three were recovered after the surgery.

Conclusion
The incidence of SIADH associated with nasal and paranasal malignant tumors is relatively more common in olfactory neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. The hyponatremia caused by SIADH may be corrected by fluid restriction or tolvaptan, and the SIADH may be recovered through anti-tumor therapy.
The clinical profile, genetic basis and survival of childhood cardiomyopathy: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Yuan Wenjing , Jia Zhongli , Li Jiajin , Liu Lingjuan , Tian Jie , Huang Xupei , Quan Junjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCardiomyopathy (CM) is a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases in children. This study aimed to identify demographic features, clinical presentation and prognosis of children with CM. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors associated with mortality were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Genetic testing was also conducted on a portion of patients. Among the 317 patients, 40.1%, 25.2%, 24.6% and 10.1% were diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), respectively. The most common symptom observed was dyspnea (84.2%). Except for HCM, the majority of patients were classified as NYHA/Ross class III or IV. The five-year survival rates were 75.5%, 67.3%, 74.1% and 51.1% in DCM, HCM, LVNC and RCM, respectively. The ten-year survival rates were 60.1%, 56.1%, 57.2% and 41.3% in DCM, HCM, LVNC and RCM, respectively. Survival was inversely related to NYHA/Ross class III or IV in patients with DCM, HCM and RCM. Out of 42 patients, 32 were reported to carry gene mutations.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CM, especially RCM, is related to a high incidence of death. NYHA/Ross class III or IV is a predictor of mortality in the patients and gene mutations may be a common cause.Trial registration: MR-50-23-011798.

What is Known:• Cardiomyopathy (CM) is a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases and one of the leading causes of heart failure in children due to the lack of effective treatments.• There remains scarce data on Asian pediatric populations though emerging studies have assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CM.

What is New:• A retrospective study was conducted and the follow-up records were established to investigate the clinical characteristics, the profile of gene mutations and prognostic outcomes of children with CM in Western China.• CM, especially RCM, is related to a high incidence of death. NYHA/Ross class III or IV is a predictor of mortality in the patients and gene mutations may be a common cause.
Parameterisation and Prediction of Intra-canal Cochlear Structures
Authors: Thiselton Joshua , Hanekom Tania 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccurate 3D models of the cochlea are useful tools for research in the relationship between the electrode array and nerve fibres. The internal geometry of the cochlear canal plays an important role in understanding and quantifying that relationship. Predicting the location and shapes of the geometry is done by measuring histologic sections and fitting equations that can be used to predict parameters that fully define the geometry. A parameter sensitivity analysis is employed to prove that the size and location of the spiral lamina are the characteristics that most influence current distribution along target nerve fibres. The proposed landmark prediction method more accurately predicts the location of the points defining the spiral lamina in the apical region of the cochlea than methods used in previous modelling attempts. Thus, this technique can be used to generate 2D geometries that can be expanded to 3D models when high-resolution imaging is not available.
Sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma: necessary as ever for optimal treatment
Authors: Faries Mark B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLymphatic metastasis is the dominant route of initial spread for most solid tumors. For many such malignancies, including melanomas, surgical treatment previously included removal of all potentially draining regional lymph nodes (elective node dissection). The advent of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy allowed accurate pathologic assessment of the metastatic status of regional nodes and spared patients full dissection if their SLN was clear. In melanoma, recent clinical research has demonstrated that complete lymph node dissection is not clinically beneficial, even for patients with sentinel node metastases and that patients with high-risk primary melanomas benefit from adjuvant systemic immunotherapy, even without nodal disease. These two changes in the standard of care have led to some interest in abandoning surgical nodal staging via the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure. However, this appears to be premature and potentially detrimental to optimal patient management. The ongoing value of sentinel node biopsy stems from its ability to provide critically important prognostic information as well as durable regional nodal disease control for most patients with nodal metastases, even in the absence of complete dissection of the basin. It also provides an opportunity to identify novel prognostic and predictive immunologic and molecular biomarkers. While it is certainly possible that additional changes in melanoma therapy will make sentinel lymph node biopsy obsolete in the future, at present it remains a minimally invasive, low morbidity means of improving both staging and outcomes.