bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image modification for immersive projection display based on pseudo‐projection models
Authors: Moriya Toshio , Utsugi Kei , Beniyama Fumiko , Takeda Haruo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a practical method that enables actual images to be converted so that they can be projected onto an immersive projection display (IPD) screen. IPD screens are particularly unique in that their angle of view is extremely wide; therefore, the images projected onto them need to be taken on a special format. In practice, however, it is generally very difficult to shoot images that completely satisfy the specifications of the targeting IPD environment due to cost, technical problems or other reasons. To overcome these problems, we developed a method to modify the images by abandoning geometrical consistency. We were able to utilize this method by assuming that the given image was shot according to a special projection model. Because this model differed from the actual projection model with which the image was taken, we termed it the pseudo‐projection model. Since our method uses simple geometry, and can easily be expressed by a parametric function, the degree of modification or the time sequence for modification can readily be adjusted according to the features of each type of content. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staff knowledge and attitudes towards deliberate self‐harm in adolescents
Authors: Crawford Tanya , Geraghty Wendy , Street Karen , Simonoff Emily 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study investigates knowledge, attitudes and training needs concerning deliberate self‐harm (DSH) in adolescents, amongst a variety of professionals involved in the assessment and management of adolescence who self‐harm. A questionnaire survey was completed by 126 health professionals working with adolescents who harm themselves. The main outcome measures were a knowledge measure and three attitude measures (generated using factor analysis). The mean percentage of correctly answered knowledge questions, across all professional groups, was 60%. With regard to knowlege, over three‐quarters of participants were unaware that homosexual young men and those who had been sexually abused are at greater risk of DSH, whilst one third of staff were unaware that adolescents who self‐harm are at increased risk of suicide. Staff who felt more effective felt less negative towards this group of patients (B=−0.21, p=0.03). Forty‐two per cent of the participants wanted further training in DSH amongst adolescents.
Free Radicals and Scavenging Enzymes in Chronic Tonsillitis
Authors: Kaygusuz Irfan , Ilhan Nevin , Karlidag Turgut , Keles Erol , Yalçin Sinasi , çetiner Hasan 
Published: September 2003

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to define the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in free radical and antioxidant forms. It is suggested that free oxygen radicals may play a role in chronic tonsillitis.MATERIALS AND METHODSOne hundred twenty‐four patients were enrolled in the study. Tonsillectomy was performed via the usual dissection‐snare method. Venous blood was taken preoperatively and at 2 weeks postoperatively. Blood samples and tonsil specimens were evaluated for malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase analysis.RESULTSThe levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma were compared preoperatively and postoperatively, and there were statistically significant differences between these levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, the levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in tonsil tissue were not correlated with the plasma levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in pretonsillectomy and posttonsillectomy terms (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe presence of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in plasma and tonsil tissue reinforces the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of chronic tonsillitis.
Bone healing in the rat and dog with nonglycosylated BMP‐2 demonstrating low solubility in fibrin matrices
Authors: Schmoekel Hugo , Schense Jason C. , Weber Franz E. , Grätz Klaus W. , Gnägi Dania , Müller Ralph , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA novel form of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) was explored for effective incorporation and long‐term retention into fibrin ingrowth matrices. The solubility of native BMP‐2 is greatly dependent on its glycosylation. To enhance retention of BMP‐2 in fibrin matrices, a nonglycosylated form (nglBMP‐2), which is less soluble than the native glycosylated protein, was produced recombinantly and evaluated in critical‐size defects in the rat calvarium (group n = 6). When 1 or 20 μg nglBMP‐2 was incorporated by precipitation within the matrix, 74 ± 4% and 98 ± 2% healing was observed in the rat calvarium, respectively, as judged radiographically by closure of the defect at 3 weeks. More soluble forms of BMP‐2, used as controls, induced less healing, demonstrating a positive correlation between low solubility, retention in vitro, and healing in vivo. Subsequently, the utility of nglBMP‐2 was explored in a prospective veterinary clinical trial for inter‐carpal fusion in dogs, replacing the standard‐of‐care, namely autologous cancellous autograft, with nglBMP‐2 in fibrin. In a study of 10 sequential canine patients, fibrin with 600 μg/ml nglBMP‐2 performed better than autograft in the first weeks of bone healing and comparably thereafter. Furthermore, a greater fraction of animals treated with nglBMP‐2 in fibrin demonstrated bone bridging across each of the treated joints at both 12 and 17 weeks than in animals treated with autograft. These results suggest that evaluation in a human clinical setting of nonglycosylated BMP‐2 in fibrin matrices might be fruitful. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Interleukin‐15 increases myosin accretion in human skeletal myogenic cultures
Authors: Furmanczyk Paul S , Quinn LeBris S 
Published: September 2003

AbstractInterleukin‐15 (IL‐15) has been shown to have anabolic effects on skeletal muscle in rodent studies conducted in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of IL‐15 action on muscle appears to be distinct from that of the well‐characterized muscle anabolic factor insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I). IL‐15 action has not been investigated in a human culture system nor in detail in primary skeletal myogenic cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of IL‐15 and IGF‐I in primary human skeletal myogenic cells. Accretion of a major myofibrillar protein, myosin heavy chain (MHC), was used as a measure of muscle anabolism. We found that both growth factors induced increases in MHC accretion in primary human skeletal myogenic cultures; however, IL‐15 and IGF‐I actions were temporally distinct. IL‐15 was more effective at stimulating MHC accretion when added to cultures after differentiation of myoblasts had occurred. In contrast, IGF‐I was more effective at stimulating MHC accretion when added to cultures prior to differentiation of myoblasts. These results using a human system support recent findings from rodent models which indicate that the primary mode of IGF‐I action on skeletal muscle anabolism is through stimulation of myogenic precursor cells, whereas the primary target of IL‐15 action is the differentiated muscle fiber. Further, since clinical and experimental studies have shown IGF‐I is not effective in preventing skeletal muscle wasting, the distinct mode of action of IL‐15 suggests it may be of potential usefulness in the treatment of muscle wasting disorders.
Immunomorphological localization of Vasa protein and pre‐mRNA splicing factors in Panorpa communis trophocytes and oocytes
Authors: Batalova F. , Parfenov V. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe distribution of Vasa protein and splicing factors of pre‐mRNA has been studied in oogenesis of Panorpa communis. This distribution was analyzed relative to three types of perinuclear bodies (PBs) in trophocyte cytoplasm, PBs and polar granules (PGs) in oocyte. Immunoelectron labeling using antibody against Vasa protein revealed PBs of the 2nd type of P. communis trophocytes as well as oocyte PBs and PGs to contain Vasa protein. From this evidence emerged proposal that PBs of the 2nd type are homologues to the “nuage” of Drosophila, a marker of germ line cells. Besides, we suggest that in P. communis, both trophocytes and oocytes take part in formation of PGs. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we also show small nuclear RNPs both in trophocyte PBs of the 2nd type and in oocyte PBs. The functional significance of coupling in the same structure of Vasa protein and snRNPs is discussed.
Evaluation of a short duration behaviour‐based post‐operative pain scoring system in rats
Authors: Roughan John V. , Flecknell Paul A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated dose‐related analgesic‐induced reductions in the occurrence of 7 behavioural activities following midline laparotomy in rats. For these behaviours to be useful in evaluating pain in laboratory rats they must be shown to occur after different types of surgery, and frequently enough to allow rapid scoring of animals. Here, the relevant behaviours were used to test the analgesic efficacy of meloxicam with a variation of our previous laparotomy model. As part of an unrelated project, 57 male Fischer rats were divided into groups to receive either saline (0.2 ml/100 g s/c), meloxicam (0.5, 1 or 2 mg/kg s/c) or carprofen (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg s/c) 1 h before surgery. Behaviour data were collected for 10 min following 25 min of recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia. The cumulative frequencies of back arching, fall/stagger, writhe and poor gait were used to compute a composite behaviour score. Irrespective of whether analyses included only 5 or all 10 min of the observation period, the relevant behaviours occurred significantly more often in rats given saline or low dose meloxicam than in those given 1 or 2 mg/kg of meloxicam, or any dose of carprofen. We conclude that this technique of quantifying post‐surgery behaviour is an effective pain scoring method following abdominal surgery in rats, and that 1 mg/kg meloxicam significantly attenuates laparotomy induced pain. Since only a short observation period is required, this approach represents an important practical advance in assessing abdominal pain severity and clinical drug potency.
Recommendations for using opioids in chronic non‐cancer pain
Authors: Kalso Eija , Allan Laurie , Dellemijn Paul L.I , Faura Clara C , Ilias Wilfried K , Jensen Troels S , Perrot Serge , Plaghki Leon H , Zenz Michael 
Published: September 2003

Abstract
. The management of chronic pain should be directed by the underlying cause of the pain. Whatever the cause, the primary goal of patient care should be symptom control.
. Opioid treatment should be considered for both continuous neuropathic and nociceptive pain if other reasonable therapies fail to provide adequate analgesia within a reasonable timeframe.
. The aim of opioid treatment is to relieve pain and improve the patient's quality of life. Both of these should be assessed during a trial period.
. The prescribing physician should be familiar with the patient's psychosocial status.
. The use of sustained‐release opioids administered at regular intervals is recommended.
. Treatment should be monitored.
. A contract setting out the patient's rights and responsibilities may help to emphasize the importance of patient involvement.
. Opioid treatment should not be considered a lifelong treatment.
Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius
Authors: Dijkstra Pieter U. , Groothoff Johan W. , ten Duis Henk Jan , Geertzen Jan H.B. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAim of this study was to analyse the incidence CRPS‐I after a fracture of the distal radius and to analyse risk factors. Patients who visited the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital, with a fracture of distal radius were asked to participate. As risk factors for CRPS‐I, number of repositions (with or without local anaesthesia), additional cast changes and pain during the cast period, were assessed. In a structured interview social life events (SLEs) and psychological and/or psychiatric history were assessed. The patients filled out the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90). In total 88 patients participated in the study. One female (1%, 95% CI: 0.2 to 6%), age 69 years with the following characteristics developed CRPS‐I: one set of local anaesthetics, one repositioning attempt, no additional cast changes, average pain scores, no life events and her total score on the SCL‐90 of 117, was slightly above average. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that the incidence of CRPS‐I may be low (1%, 95% CI: 0.2 to 6%) after fractures of the distal radius. Further the risk factors described in literature play a minor role in the development of CRPS‐I.
Increased vanilloid receptor VR1 innervation in vulvodynia
Authors: Tympanidis Penelope , Casula Maria Anna , Yiangou Yiangos , Terenghi Giorgio , Dowd Pauline , Anand Praveen 
Published: September 2003

AbstractVulvodynia is characterised by painful burning sensation, allodynia and hyperalgesia in the region of the vulval vestibulus. While in many patients the cause of vulvodynia remains uncertain, we and others have previously shown increased intraepithelial and papillary innervation in vulvodynia. The vanilloid receptor VR1 (TRPV1) is expressed by nociceptors, and is triggered by capsaicin, noxious heat, protons, and chemicals produced during inflammation. In the present study we show increased papillary VR1 fibres by immunostaining and image analysis in vulvodynia tissues compared to controls (P<0.002). VR1 expression was found to be significantly increased when the percentage area immunostained was expressed as a ratio of VR1 to PGP 9.5, a pan‐neuronal marker (P=0.01). VR1‐positive fine epidermal fibres also appeared to be increased in vulvodynia tissues, by inspection. Fibres immunoreactive to the voltage‐gated sodium channel SNS1/PN3 (Nav1.8), also expressed by nociceptors, were relatively scarce in both vulvodynia and control tissues. We hypothesize that increased expression of VR1 by nociceptors could mediate some of the symptoms in vulvodynia, for which systemic or topical specific VR1 antagonists may provide novel treatment.
Children's ratings of the intensity and unpleasantness of post‐operative pain using facial expression scales
Authors: Perrott David A , Goodenough Belinda , Champion G.David 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThis study explored whether global unidimensional self‐report pain scales based on facial expression help children separately estimate the sensory and affective magnitude of post‐operative pain. Ninety paediatric elective surgery patients (in two age groups: 5–9 and 10–15 years) used each of four scales to estimate pain intensity and pain affect during the first 2 days after surgery. The four scales were: Faces Pain Scale (FPS), Facial Affective Scale (FAS), and the Coloured Analogue Scale (CAS) (one for intensity and one for unpleasantness). As hypothesised, ratings on the FPS correlated more highly with analogue scale ratings for intensity than for unpleasantness, whereas ratings on the FAS correlated more highly with those on the analogue scale for unpleasantness than for intensity. Factor analysis indicated that although all measures loaded on a single dimension of distress, there was an additional weaker factor corresponding to a unique contribution of the FAS. No systematic age effects were observed. It was concluded that the FPS and the FAS may partly measure different aspects of the postoperative pain experience in children, although shared instrument variance may obscure true estimates of covariation in ratings of intensity and affective magnitude. The clinical relevance of the present results remains to be determined.
Shoulder Dislocation After Infraclavicular Coracoid Block
Authors: Rodríguez Jaime , Bárcena María , Álvarez Julián 
Published: September 2003

ObjectiveWe report a case of shoulder dislocation after a brachial plexus block with a double-injection technique using the infraclavicular coracoid approach.Case ReportAn obese woman with no previous episodes of joint dislocation developed an anterior dislocation of the head of the humerus after an infraclavicular coracoid block performed for hand surgery. Dislocation was probably because of a combination of unrecognized glenohumeral instability, paralysis of some muscles of the shoulder, and positioning of her arm on a board below her torso. Shoulder dislocation was recognized after surgical positioning of her arm, and painless reduction was achieved. There were no sequelae after 10-day follow-up.ConclusionsWhen motor block of the muscles of the shoulder occurs after brachial plexus anesthesia, special care must be taken in patient positioning to avoid shoulder dislocation.
Congenital disorder of glycosylation Ib (CDG‐Ib) without gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Penel‐Capelle D. , Dobbelaere D. , Jaeken J. , Klein A. , Cartigny M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: We report a 7‐year‐old girl with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia and hepatomegaly due to congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) Ib without gastrointestinal symptoms. Oral mannose therapy produced clinical and biochemical normalization after 2 years of treatment.
Characteristic growth pattern in male X‐linked phosphorylase‐b kinase deficiency (GSD IX)
Authors: Schippers H. M. , Smit G. P. A. , Rake J. P. , Visser G. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSummary: Growth retardation is one of the clinical characteristics of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IX. Initial growth retardation has been described in a few case reports, followed by a complete catch‐up in growth. This study aimed to determine the growth pattern of patients with GSD IX. Growth charts of 51 male Dutch patients with GSD IX (age 0–33 years, median follow‐up time 8.3 years (range 0–30.5 years)) were studied retrospectively and compared with Dutch standard growth charts. Patients had a normal height at birth, significant growth retardation between the ages of 2 and 10 years (mean z‐score −1.96), delayed growth spurt in puberty and catch‐up towards quite normal final height (mean z‐score −0.55). We conclude that GSD IX patients have a specific growth pattern characterized by initial growth retardation, a late growth spurt and complete catch‐up in final height. Intervention for growth retardation is therefore ingeneral not warranted. It is speculated that mild hypoglycaemia related to the disorder may cause endocrine changes. Because the glucose need per kg bodyweight decreases with age, the enzyme defect becomes less important with ageing and the effect on growth diminishes.
What is the role of serology in assessing Helicobacter pylori eradication?
Authors: Bergey B. , Marchildon P. , Peacock J. , Mégraud F. 
Published: September 2003

SummaryAim : To assess the decline in Helicobacter pylori antibodies after eradication of infection.Methods : The H. pylori status was determined at entry (D0) by culture and histology performed on antral biopsies and after eradication treatment at day 42 (day 42) and after 6 months (M6) by the 13C‐urea breath test. The EIA kits used to determine the anti‐H. pylori antibody titre were HM‐CAP (immunoglobulin‐G) and PP‐CAP (immunoglobulin‐A) kits (Enteric Products, Inc.) and Pyloriset EIA‐G (Orion Diagnostica).Results : Ninety‐three patients were included. For 82 patients who were successfully treated, no kit was sufficiently accurate at D42 to show eradication. The antibody titre decreased for HM‐CAP, PP‐CAP and Pyloriset EIA‐G by a mean of 35.6%, 41.2% and 64.7% between D0 and M6, respectively. According to the cut‐off values defined by the manufacturers, 8.5% (PP‐CAP, Pyloriset EIA‐G) and 9.7% (HM‐CAP) of the patients became H. pylori negative at M6. Using a 25% decrease in antibody titre between D0 and M6 as a threshold for H. pylori eradication, specificity was 100% for HM‐CAP, 89.9% for Pyloriset EIA‐G and 100% for PP‐CAP, whereas the sensitivity was 76.8%, 98.8% and 72%, respectively.Conclusion : An antibody titre decrease of 25% at M6 was found to be accurate in confirming H. pylori eradication.
Metabolism of citalopram enantiomers in CYP2C19/CYP2D6 phenotyped panels of healthy Swedes
Authors: Herrlin Karin , Yasui‐Furukori Norio , Tybring Gunnel , Widén Jolanta , Gustafsson Lars L. , Bertilsson Leif 
Published: September 2003

Aims  To investigate pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of citalopram (CT) and its metabolites desmethylcitalopram (DCT) and didesmethylcitalopram (DDCT) in Swedish healthy volunteers in relation to CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 geno‐ and phenotypes.Methods  Racemic CT was given for seven days to panels with different genotypes and the following mephenytoin (Me) and debrisoquine (De) hydroxylation phenotypes: EMDe/EMMe, PMDe/EMMe, EMDe/PMMe (n = 6 in all groups), and one PMDe/PMMe subject. Blood sampling was carried out during day 7, and all urine was collected for 12 h after the last dose of CT.Results  The AUC of S‐CT was significantly higher in the EMDe/PMMe panel compared to the EMDe/EMMe and PMDe/EMMe panels (P < 0.05), whereas the AUC of R‐CT did not differ between the panels. Similar differences, although they did not reach statistical significance, were noted for S‐DCT and R‐DCT. The enantiomers of DDCT were not quantifiable in PMDe, and there was no difference in DDCT enantiomer concentrations between the other two panels. A PMDe/PMMe subject stopped taking CT after five days due to severe adverse effects. Based on two time points, this subject had a very long CT half‐life of 95 h. The value of 1.0 for the S/R ratio of the CT trough in this subject was similar to the mean S/R CT trough ratio of the EMDe/PMMe panel, but higher than the S/R CT ratio of the EMDe/EMMe panel (0.56; 95% CI 0.49–0.63) and the PMDe/EMMe panel (0.44; 95% CI 0.31–0.57). Thus the latter two phenotypes eliminated S‐CT more rapidly via CYP2C19. An adverse effect described as an ‘alcohol hangover’ feeling was reported by one subject from each of the three panels. These individuals had the highest concentrations of both CT enantiomers.Conclusions  The AUC of S‐, but not R‐(CT) was found to be significantly higher in PM of mephenytoin compared to EMs, PMs may need a lower dosage of CT.