bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affordable event and monthly rain samplers: Improving isotopic datasets to understand meteorological processes
Authors: Carton Cécile , Barbecot Florent , Hélie Jean‐François , Horoi Viorel , Birks Jean , Picard Antoine , Mona Jorge 
Published: February 2024

RationaleWater‐stable isotopes in rainfall are powerful tracers of atmospheric processes at different spatial and temporal scales. However, commercially available rain samplers for isotopic analysis are prohibitively expensive, especially for high spatial resolution networks and studies conducted in developing countries. A low‐cost, simple, and robust sampler was designed for event and monthly rainfall samplings.MethodsRainfall collectors were built based on existing designs provided in the literature and using easily accessible materials. Event samplers were filled with different volumes of reference water and left for 72 h in laboratory conditions to determine the minimum amount of rainfall to be collected to minimize isotopic fractionation, from both postsampling evaporation and equilibration. Samples were analyzed using dual‐inlet isotope ratio mass spectrometry and cavity ring‐down spectroscopy.ResultsFor samples larger than 4% of the bottle's capacity, the evaporative enrichment due to Rayleigh distillation is negligible compared to the overall analytical uncertainty. Using a tube connecting the funnel to the water sample has proved to reduce postsampling evaporation by at least five times. To limit water self‐diffusion, we recommend collecting the largest rainfall amount possible. Under these conditions, these collectors are suitable for rainfall sampling for isotopic analysis.ConclusionsThis low‐cost methodology will enable isotopic sampling of precipitation at high spatial resolutions and democratize the use of isotopes for hydrological studies in developing countries. All instructions for building and using these samplers are made openly accessible to the scientific community so they can be repeated and adapted to the needs of each project.
Detailed profiling of polysorbate 80 oxidative degradation products and hydrolysates using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Konya Yutaka , Ochiai Ryosuke , Fujiwara Satoshi , Tsujino Kazushige , Okumura Takeshi 
Published: February 2024

RationalePolysorbate 80 (PS80) is an amphipathic, nonionic surfactant that is commonly used to stabilize proteins in biopharmaceutical formulations. PS80 undergoes oxidative and/or enzymatic degradation. However, because PS80 is a complex mixture consisting of many constituents, comprehensive evaluations of its oxidative degradation products are difficult and insufficient.MethodsOur previously reported comprehensive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)‐based method for PS80 effectively provides an overall profile of PS80 components under simple LC conditions. In this study, we attempted to shorten the analysis time. Furthermore, PS80 was oxidatively degraded in a solution containing histidine and iron, and the oxidative degradation products were evaluated using a modified LC/MS/MS method. In addition, enzymatically hydrolyzed PS80 samples were analyzed.ResultsWe succeeded in shortening the analysis time from 70 to 20 min while maintaining the resolution of the PS80 components of the same selected reaction monitoring transition. Both the previously reported oxidative degradation products and the newly discovered products were successfully detected, and their composition ratios and changes over time were observed. Changes in the hydrolysates over time are shown in the analysis of the hydrolyzed PS80 samples.ConclusionsThis study clearly showed the presence of changes in PS80 oxidative and/or enzymatic degradation products, including those previously unreported. These results demonstrate that a detailed profiling of PS80 degradation products can be performed using LC/MS/MS, which is less expensive and more generally adopted than high‐resolution MS.
A case of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis: 3D‐CT Findings led to successful multidisciplinary treatment with dupilumab and cryoprobe
Authors: Hamakawa Masamitsu , Yamano Takafumi , Arita Machiko , Niwa Takashi , Ishida Tadashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present case involved a 78‐year‐old woman with repeated recurrences of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM) who presented to our outpatient clinic with a chief complaint of dyspnoea with respiratory failure. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed atelectasis of the lower lobes due to mucus plugs. Blood and biochemical tests showed a high peripheral blood eosinophil count (1330/μL) and elevated immunoglobulin E (15,041 IU/mL; normal, < 361 IU/mL). Recurrent ABPM was diagnosed. The patient also showed chronic lower respiratory tract infection associated with Mycobacterium avium complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. First, we removed the mucus plug with a cryoprobe to avoid administering corticosteroids. However, subsequent 3‐dimensional CT showed residual mucus plugs, so we administered dupilumab as an additional treatment. After initiating dupilumab, mucus plugs disappeared and respiratory failure resolved. We were able to implement multidisciplinary treatment that did not rely on corticosteroids.
Tillage practices affect soil fertility of a long‐term winter wheat–fallow rotation
Authors: Aula Lawrence , Easterly Amanda C. , Mikha Maysoon M. , Creech Cody F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe contribution of tillage practices to enhancing soil fertility levels is a major subject of research among agricultural scholars. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of several decades of tillage under winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)–fallow on soil fertility. The experiment was established in 1970 as a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments included moldboard plow (MP), stubble mulch (SM), no‐till (NT), and native sod. Soil samples were collected from 0–10 and 10–20 cm in 2010 and 2011 and analyzed for several variables including soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), and soil pH. Benchmarks for these variables used to evaluate temporal changes for each treatment were obtained from previous documents containing data that were sampled in 1982 and 1984 from the same site. In 2010–2011, SOM, TN, and pH were all influenced by the tillage practices at 0–10 cm (p≤ 0.05). For SOM, the magnitude of the difference between native sod and NT in 1986 was 28% (10.1 g·kg−1) and this increased to 30.6% (18.5 g·kg−1) in 2010–2011 with native sod storing more SOM. Over time, NT sustained a high level of SOM with 7.7 g·kg−1more SOM than the initial 38.3 g·kg−1reported in 1986. TN with NT was greater than SM and MP by 56%, but 53% lower than TN with native sods. In general, soil fertility and nutrient availability at this site supported crop production for over 50 years without fertilizer application.
Antibacterial Peptides derived from Capra hircus Goat Milk Casein
Authors: Ningsih Dian Riana , Habibie Ahmad , Haryadi Winarto , Wikandari Rachma , Raharjo Tri Joko 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMilk is a popular source of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate antibacterial activity of fractions and peptides derived from casein hydrolysate. Casein protein was hydrolyzed using the trypsin enzyme and the hydrolyzate was fractionated with a strong cationic exchange (scx) cartridge at a pH 3–9 buffer. The results showed that the pH 5–8 fraction demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The pH 6 fraction had the greatest activity against S. aureus and E. coli, with inhibition zone of 8.00 and 2.00 mm, respectively. Peptides in the pH 6 fraction, namely YNVPQLEIVPK (P1), KENINELSK (P2), GLSPEVPNENLLR (P3), and YLGYLEQLLK (P4) were tested for the activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Based on the results, synthetic peptide P1, P2, P3, and P4 have activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Peptide P3 showed higher activity than others with an inhibition zone of 4.55 and 6.60 mm in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Peptide P4 showed an amphipathic structure and good physicochemical properties as a cell‐penetrating peptide. A strong interaction was also observed between peptide P4 and enzyme MurC with a binding affinity of −6.6 kcal/mol.
Biochemical, Molecular Characterization, Antioxidant, And Cytotoxicity Of Dicliptera Bupleuroides With Potential Drug Discovery: In Vitro And In Silico Analysis
Authors: tul Muntaha Sidra , Shahzadi Irum , Khan Ibrar , Maroof Shah Muhammad , Shah Tawaf Ali , Siddique Farhan , Nadeem Sumaira , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDicliptera is a genus belonging to family Acanthaceae. Dicliptera bupleuroides is a small perennial herb commonly known as roxburg's foldwing. It is locally used in folkloric medicines for the treatment of different diseases and as a general tonic for wound healing. The current investigational study was to optimize solvent extraction protocol, to identify quantitative and qualitative biochemical composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of D. bupleuroides and to characterize the gene associated with biosynthesis of flavonol. The plant of D. bupleuroides was collected from district Abbottabad and separated into its four parts including leaf, stem, flower, and root. To extract the biochemical compounds, five different solvents were used such as methanol, acidified methanol, 80 % methanol, ethyl acetate, and n‐butanol. Total phenolic, flavonoids, flavonol, flavanol (catechin), and anthocyanin contents were determined and antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated using various antioxidant assays. The methanolic extracts of D. bupleuroides showed promising antioxidant potential towards DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, ferric, phosphomolybdate and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities.The extracts obtained from the solvents mentioned above were tested for cytotoxicity using the 3T3 cell line by using mouse fibroblast cells. The results indicated that none of the extracts demonstrated any toxic effects on the cells, suggesting that they are non‐toxic. The RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized using reverse transcriptase enzyme. Degenerate primers for dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) gene were synthesized to amplify the desired product. The high quality of cDNA amplification showed the presence of the DFR gene in the Dicliptera bupleuroides leaf for the first time with a product size of 419 bp respectively. The DFR gene isolated from Dicliptera bupleuroides is involved in flavonol biosynthesis regulation. In addition, Glide molecular docking results proposed that the constituents within the n‐hexanic extract of Dicliptera bupleuroides not only furnish an updated approach to better understand the antioxidant potential of its various constituents to interact with an antioxidant target protein (PDB ID:3MNG) but also ensure promise in addressing these potential therapeutic modalities. The active compounds of D. bupleuroides could be suitable for pharmaceutical industries to develop stress related drugs.
IMPLICATIONS OF STORAGE CONDITIONS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ALGINATE DIALDEHYDE AND ITS HYDROGELS
Authors: Resmi Rajalekshmi , Parvathy Jayasree , Anjali Sudha , Joseph Roy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA review of recent literature reveals a spurt in the publications using alginate dialdehyde (ADA)‐based hydrogels. This study evaluates the stability and characteristics of ADA solutions stored at different temperatures (4 & −20 °C; designated as ADA4°C & ADA−20°C) and durations (1, 3, and 6 months), and gives valuable insights into the shelf life, a parameter important in a clinical setting. ADA solutions were characterized for their viscosity, aldehyde content, molecular weight, and chemical structure before and after storage. The solution viscosities of ADA4°C showed a decreasing trend over 6 months while that of ADA‐20°C showed an increase. Compared to freshly prepared ADA, a significant reduction in aldehyde content, from 40.1±1.4 % to 37.1±1.01 %, was observed for ADA4°C stored for 6 months, but the aldehyde content was stable for ADA−20°C stored for the same period. Molecular weight remained stable (~6800 g/mol) irrespective of the storage temperatures. Injectable hydrogels were prepared by reacting the stored ADA solutions with 20 % aqueous solutions of gelatin. Hydrogels prepared with ADA stored at 4 °C for 6 months showed a significant increase in gelation time from 4.3±1.5 to 8.79±0.1 min and a decrease in degree of crosslinking from 54.3±1.4 % to 29.2±2.3 %. A decreasing trend was observed for properties such as water uptake (from 470 to 961 %) and tensile strength (from 348 to 282 kPa). Hydrogels made with ADA−20°C demonstrated better retention of physicochemical properties over time. In vitro studies revealed that the hydrogels showed a non‐cytotoxic response towards L929 cells irrespective of the storage conditions. LIVE/DEAD assay and F‐Actin staining revealed good cell proliferation on the hydrogels. In conclusion, retention of the properties of ADA in its aqueous solution requires careful control of storage temperatures.
2D Ruthenium–Chromium Oxide with Rich Grain Boundaries Boosts Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction Kinetics
Authors: Zhao Xuhao , Li Zijian , Jang Haeseong , Wei Xiaoqian , Wang Liu , Kim Min Gyu , Cho Jaephil , Liu Xien , Qin Qing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRuthenium oxide is currently considered as the promising alternative to Ir‐based catalysts employed for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers but still faces the bottlenecks of limited durability and slow kinetics. Herein, a 2D amorphous/crystalline heterophase ac‐Cr0.53Ru0.47O2‐δ substitutional solid solution with pervasive grain boundaries (GBs) is developed to accelerate the kinetics of acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and extend the long‐term stability simultaneously. The ac‐Cr0.53Ru0.47O2‐δ shows a super stability with a slow degradation rate and a remarkable mass activity of 455 A gRu−1 at 1.6 V vs RHE, which is ≈3.6‐ and 5.9‐fold higher than those of synthesized RuO2 and commercial RuO2, respectively. The strong interaction of Cr–O–Ru local units in synergy with the specific 2D structural characteristics of ac‐Cr0.53Ru0.47O2‐δ dominates its enhanced stability. Meanwhile, high‐density GBs and the shortened Ru‐O bonds tailored by amorphous/crystalline structure and Cr–O–Ru interaction regulate the adsorption and desorption rates of oxygen intermediates, thus accelerating the overall acidic OER kinetics.
Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry for Stabilizing the Zn Anode via Functionalized Organic Agents
Authors: Zhang Yan , Fu Xianwei , Ding Yueling , Liu Ye , Zhao Yong , Jiao Shilong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a potential candidate for grid‐scale energy storage technology, aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic safety, environmental friendliness, and ease of fabrication. Nevertheless, the road to industry for this technique is hindered by serious issues, including undesired side reactions, random growth of the Zn dendrites, electrode passivation, and anode corrosion, which are associated with the high reactivity of water molecules during the electrochemical reactions. These challenges are strongly dependent on electrolyte solvation chemistry (ESC), which subsequently determines the electrochemical behavior of the metal ions and water molecules on the electrode surface. In this work, a comprehensive understanding of optimized ESC with specified functional groups on the mixing agents to stabilize the Zn anode is provided. First, the challenges facing the ZIBs and their chemical principles are outlined. Specific attention is paid to the working principles of the mixing agents with different functional groups. Then the recent progress is summarized and compared. Finally, perspectives on future research for the aqueous Zn batteries are presented from the point of view.
Island‐Like Heterogeneous Interface Generating Tandem Toroidal Built‐In Electric Field for Efficient Potassium Ions Diffusion
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Zhang Luwei , Wang Kaihang , Jiang Chao , Zhang Chunfang , Wang Ning 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFor large‐size potassium accommodation, heterostructure usually suffers severe delamination and exfoliation at the interfaces due to different volume expansion of two‐phase during charge/discharge process, resulting in the deconstruction of heterostructures and shortened lifespan of batteries. Here, an innovative strategy is proposed through constructing a microscopic heterostructure system containing copper quantum dots (Cu QDs) highly dispersed in the triphenyl‐substituted triazine graphdiyne (TPTG) substrates (TPTG@CuQDs) to solve this problem. The copper quantum dots are uniformly anchored on TPTG substrates, generating a myriad of island‐like heterogeneous structures, together with tandem toroidal built‐in electric field (BIEF) between every micro heterointerface. The island‐like heterostructure endows both benefits of exposed contact interface and robust architecture. Generated tandem toroidal BIEF provides efficient transport pathways with lower energy barriers, reducing the diffusion resistance and facilitating the reaction kinetics of potassium ions. When used as anode, the TPTG@CuQDs exhibit highly reversible capacity and low‐capacity degradation (≈0.01% over 5560 cycles at 1 A g−1). Moreover, the TPTG@CuQDs‐based full cell delivers an outstanding reversible capacity of ≈110 mAh g−1 over 800 cycles at 1 A g−1. This quantum‐scale heterointerface construction strategy offers a new approach toward stable heterostructure design for the application of metal ion batteries.
Numerical Simulation Study on the Influence of Tundish Filter on Molten Steel Flow and Inclusions Removal
Authors: Ding Guoqiang , Feng Dong , Luo Xudong , Hou Qingdong , Lv Aiwei , Qi Xin , Qi Dabin 
Published: February 2024

To study the influence of filter devices on the cleanliness and flow velocity of molten steel in the tundish, the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations, the species transport, and the discrete phase model are chosen to analyze and optimize the evolution of molten steel flow field and inclusions removal. The results demonstrate that the filter significantly affects molten steel flow and the removal of inclusions. More filter holes mean more inclusions can contact the filter, and the filter can absorb more inclusions. By changing the number and distribution of filter holes in the filter, the uniform flow of molten steel in the filter section is obtained. The total removal rate of inclusions increases from 64% of the original tundish case to 80% of the optimized case. With the increase in the number of filter holes, the Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curve shape of molten steel changes from narrow and high to wide and short, the tracer's appearance time and peak time at the tundish outlet are prolonged, the average residence time grows from 445 to 738 s, and the dead zone volume is reduced from 39.9% to a mere 0.5%.
Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract ameliorated scopolamine‐induced cognition impairment via enhanced adult hippocampus neurogenesis
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ju , Lin Chang‐Mao , Chang Yun‐Ching , Yang Mon‐Yuan , Wang Chau‐Jong , Hsu Li‐Sung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this presentation, we explored the molecular mechanisms of N. nucifera leaf water extracts (NLWEs) and polyphenol extract (NLPE) on scopolamine‐induced cell apoptosis and cognition defects. The administration of NLWE and NLPE did not alter the body weight and serum biomarker rs and significantly ameliorated scopolamine‐induced cognition impairment according to Y‐maze test analysis. In mice, treatment with scopolamine disrupted normal histoarchitecture in the hippocampus, whereas the administration of NLWE and NLPE reversed the phenomenon. Western blot analysis revealed that scopolamine mitigated the expression of doublecortin (DCX), nestin, and NeuN, and cotreatment with NLWE or NLPE significantly recovered the expression of these proteins. NLWE and NLPE upregulated DCX and NeuN expression in the hippocampus region, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining analysis of scopolamine‐treated mice. NLWE and NLPE obviously elevated brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and enhanced its downstream proteins activity. NLWE and NLPE attenuated scopolamine‐induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and increased Bcl‐2 expression. In addition, scopolamine also triggered apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells whereas co‐treatment with NLWE or quercetin‐3‐glucuronide (Q3G) reversed the phenomenon. NLWE or Q3G enhanced Bcl‐2 and reduced Bax expression in the presence of scopolamine in SH‐SY5Y cells. NLWE or Q3G recovered the inhibitory effects of scopolamine on neurogenesis and BDNF signals in SH‐SY5Y cells. Overall, our results revealed that N. nucifera leaf extracts and Q3G promoted adult hippocampus neurogenesis and prevented apoptosis to mitigate scopolamine‐induced cognition dysfunction through the regulation of BDNF signaling pathway.
Iatrogenic colonic entrapment in a cat after elective ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Rea Perri , Chong Wye Li , Hughes Tracy , Jermyn Kieri , Davey Jack S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 5‐month‐old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented to the emergency department with rectal bleeding and lethargy subsequent to intended ovariohysterectomy earlier that day. An exploratory celiotomy revealed a loop of the distal descending colon and the colorectal junction encircled and entrapped by uterine horn remnants, which were ligated together around the intestine. This case represents a novel complication of ovariohysterectomy and illustrates the importance of adequate anatomic visualisation and appropriate surgical technique.
Producing Compliance: The Work of Interpreting, Adapting, and Narrating
Authors: Huising Ruthanne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganizations, to comply with regulations and growing prosocial demands, develop robust accountability infrastructures: offices, techno-legal experts, programs, operating procedures, technologies, and tools dedicated to keeping the organization’s operations in line with regulations and external standards. Although an organization has a single, unified accountability infrastructure—one program, one set of policies and procedures, and so on for environmental management, or health and safety, or risk management—this infrastructure must produce compliance across a dynamic, complex organization. This happens when and because compliance managers and officers make a single, unified accountability infrastructure multiple and diverse in its day-to-day implementation. This approach to compliance work is pragmatic in the sense that rules and requirements are altered based on a deep understanding of regulatory expectations, local operations, and local work cultures. It depends on the skilled interpretation and adaptation of regulation and narration of compliance.
Untangling Safety Management: From Reasonable Regulation to Bullshit Tasks
Authors: Størkersen Kristine Vedal , Fyhn Håkon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we argue that the management of values like safety and quality often leads to the creation of unnecessary tasks that interfere with the actual work being done. These tasks, referred to as “bullshit tasks”, are experienced as meaningless and time-consuming. We draw on two decades of empirical research in safety management and work practices in various industries and organizations. We highlight examples where regulations and management systems result in paperwork overload and hinder the efficiency of workers. We discuss how the sociotechnical system, including government regulations, management practices, and worker perspectives, contributes to the proliferation of bullshit tasks. We emphasize the need for a fundamental change in how regulations are made, enforced, and audited to address this issue, and suggest that organizations and managers can take steps to reduce bullshit tasks and improve the overall efficiency of work processes.