bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of in vitro metabolites of CKD‐732 by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Myung Seung‐Woon , Kim Hye‐Young , Min Hye‐Ki , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Kim Myungsoo , Cho Hyun‐Woo , Lee Ho Sup , Kim Joon‐Kyum , Hong Chung II 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe structural elucidation of fourteen metabolites of CKD‐732, formed in vitro with rat liver microsomes, was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). To identify proposed structures of the metabolites, the product ion mass spectra of the protonated molecules ([M + H]+), the retention times on reversed‐phase HPLC, and UV‐Vis spectra were utilized. Characteristic product ions for the identification of CKD‐732 metabolites were observed at m/z 231, 236, and 252. The fragment ions at m/z 236 and 252 indicated the unchanged form and the N‐oxide of the dimethylaminoethoxycinnamoyl group, respectively. The ion at m/z 231 indicated the presence of the hydroxylated form of the fumagillol group. The N‐oxide of CKD‐732, which was detected at m/z 515 and eluted later than CKD‐732 in the reversed‐phase HPLC system, was measured as a major metabolite. Three cis‐trans isomers were also found. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line microdialysis for enhanced resolution and sensitivity during electrospray mass spectrometry of non‐covalent complexes and competitive binding studies
Authors: Benkestock Kurt , Edlund Per‐Olof , Roeraade Johan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMany proteins and macromolecules easily form metal adduct ions which impairs their analysis by mass spectrometry. The present study describes how the formation of undesired adducts can be minimized by on‐line microdialysis for non‐covalent binding studies of macromolecules with low molecular mass ligands with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The technique was indispensable for protein‐ligand studies due to reduction of unwanted adduct ions, and thus gave excellent resolution and a sensitivity improvement of at least 5 times. The core of the analytical system was a modified microdialysis device, which was operated in countercurrent mode. A novel technique based on microdialysis for competitive binding studies is also presented. The non‐covalent complex between a protein and a ligand was formed in the sample vial prior to analysis. The complex was injected into an on‐line microdialysis system where a competitive ligand was administered in the dialysis buffer outside of the fiber. The second ligand competitively displaced the first ligand through transport via the wall of the dialysis fiber, and the intact complexes were detected by ESI‐MS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced concurrent design environment for multimedia system LSIs
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroe , Ochiai Katsuyuki , Naganuma Jiro , Endo Makoto , Ogura Takeshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a high‐speed software‐based platform for embedded software and evaluates its benefits on a commercial MPEG‐2 video encoder LSI with HDTV scalability. The platform is written in C/C++ languages without any hardware description languages (HDLs) for high‐speed simulation. This platform is applicable before writing up complete HDLs. The simulation speed is very fast and is more than 600 times faster than compiled HDL simulators using RTL description. Fifty percent of the bugs in the final embedded software were located efficiently and quickly, and the design turn‐around time was shortened by more than 25%. This platform provides sufficient performance and capability for validating practical embedded software. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 72–80, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10004
An operating system for an online transaction processing system with a heavy load
Authors: Hakomori Satoshi , Taniguchi Hideo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we describe an operating system for terminal controller which controls communication lines and terminals in a large‐scaled distributed transaction processing system. Since the controller deals with a lot of transaction requests from terminals concurrently, its operating system needs to mange resources efficiently in order to guarantee the maximum response time. Besides, system availability and efficiency for system maintenance are also required, therefore the operating system has to provide essential facilities. Our operating system has been developed to satisfy such requirements in a practical way. This paper introduces the major features, evaluation results, and states of the application. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 59–71, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10012
NFS‐based secure file sharing over multiple administrative domains with minimal administration
Authors: Yamai Nariyoshi , Nakayoshi Kou , Ishibashi Hayato , Abe Kota , Murakami Koso , Matsuura Toshio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough several schemes of file sharing for Unixes have been proposed so far, file sharing by these schemes between different administrative domains is difficult and imposes enormous burden on the administrators even if file sharing is possible since the user information differs by such computers in general. In this paper, the file system PNFS (Proxy/Private Network File System), which makes file sharing based on NFS easy between different administrative domains, is proposed. With PNFS, a user can share files of a server that has his account without intervention of its administrator. Although, in general, a decrease in security occurs when intervention of an administrator is omitted, security is enhanced by encryption and the like by the PNFS. In addition, the efficacy of the proposed system has been verified by performance evaluation of a prototype system, which shows a practically sufficient throughput even with simultaneous accesses from a multiple number of clients. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 50–58, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10027
Eye movement based on short‐term memory optical flow image
Authors: Morita Satoru , Ishihara Yukio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe pixel distribution density of human vision is higher near the fovea, becoming lower toward the periphery. It is also reported that the optical flow has an important role in understanding the surrounding situation. This paper proposes the eye movement model based on fovea vision, short‐term memory of the optical flow, and parallel execution of the tasks. In the realization of the eye movement while driving in an environment where there are few vehicles, both the narrow‐range eye movement to shift the viewpoint to the next edge along the road, and the wide‐range eye movement to understand the environmental situation, must be realized. In order to adjust the range of eye movement according to the task, short‐term memory depending on the task is considered. It is shown that a wide range of view field can be realized, by using the short‐term memory image, which is generated based on the low‐level features derived from the optical flow. The eye movement while driving in a situation where there are few vehicles is actually simulated in a simple way, and the usefulness of the proposed model is demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 24–34, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10132
MGGA: Genetic algorithm with mutant genes
Authors: Takahama Tetsuyuki , Sakai Setsuko , Isomichi Yoshinori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this research, we propose a new genetic algorithm called MGGA (Genetic Algorithm with Mutant Genes), in which mutant genes are introduced actively. An individual with mutant genes may express the phenotype of the genes imperfectly, or may even fail to express the phenotype. To realize this phenomenon, we give a new mapping function, which depends on mutant genes, from genotype to phenotype. We also introduce irreversible changes from a normal gene into a mutant gene. We can reduce the number of genes that have lower effectiveness by these irreversible changes. Through structural learning of a polynomial model and layered neural networks, we show that MGGA can optimize the parameter structure of the models and is a general‐purpose method for structural learning. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 23–33, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10179
Texture mapping on free‐form surfaces immune to camera positioning errors
Authors: Iwakiri Yuuya , Omori Yuuichi , Kaneko Toyohisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fact that three‐dimensional CG is made from an object on hand implies that textures need to be acquired from the object. We already proposed a method for identifying a minimal number of camera positions for acquiring textures. Although it enables the selection of a minimal number of camera positions, it often results in untextured patches due to camera misalignment: a deviation of actual camera position from the specified position. This paper proposes two new practical algorithms (double and product viewing) to ensure that all the polygons are textured even if there are unavoidable human errors in camera alignment. The performance of the algorithms is evaluated by simulation experiments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 1–10, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10242
On‐line supervising mechanism for learning data in surface electromyogram motion classifiers
Authors: Nishikawa Daisuke , Yu Wenwei , Yokoi Hiroshi , Kakazu Yukinori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a mechanism that supervises the learning data set for the classification from electromyogram to forearm motion. The supervising mechanism contains automatic data addition and automatic data elimination processes. It also contains manual data addition that is the same as our former algorithm. Both the automatic addition and elimination processes evaluate success or failure of classification from the continuity of the classifier's outputs. These processes assume that a person cannot change his motion within a certain interval. In experiments, a system with the supervising mechanism embedded classifies ten forearm motions from two channels of the electromyogram. First, this paper makes it clear that the proposed mechanism is effective by comparison with six settings, including the absence of a supervising pattern. Next, it is verified that the system can adapt to alteration of the operator's characteristics by a sensor‐shifting test in which we move one sensor after the operator's training. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the proposed mechanism can adjust the generated decision boundaries for improvement of classification ability, and in addition is capable of tracking the alteration of the operator's characteristics through time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 1–11, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10245
Construction and evaluation of language models based on stochastic context‐free grammar for speech recognition
Authors: Hori Chiori , Katoh Masaharu , Ito Akinori , Kohda Masaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with the use of a stochastic context‐free grammar (SCFG) for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition; in particular, an SCFG with phrase‐level dependency rules is built. Unlike n‐gram models, the SCFG can describe not only local constraints but also global constraints pertaining to the sentence as a whole, thus making possible language models with great expressive power. However, the inside‐outside algorithm must be used for estimation of the SCFG parameters, which involves a great amount of calculation, proportional to the third power of the number of nonterminal symbols and of the input string length. Hence, due to problems in dealing with extensive text corpora, the SCFG has hardly been applied as a language model for very large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. The proposed phrase‐level dependency SCFG allows a significant reduction of the computational load. In experiments with the EDR corpus, the proposed method proved effective. In experiments with the Mainichi corpus, a large‐scale phrase‐level dependency SCFG was built for a very large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system. Speech recognition tests with a vocabulary of about 5000 words showed that the proposed method could not compare with the trigram model in performance; however, when it was used in combination with a trigram model, the error rate was reduced by 14% compared to the trigram model alone. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 48–59, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1172
LOGEMON: The teacher support system in class using web‐based materials—visualization of learning history for teacher aid
Authors: Kanenishi Kazuhide , Mendori Takahiko , Yano Yoneo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractContinuing spread of the Internet leads to a greater availability of instructional materials that can be retrieved from the Web and it is expected that the volume of such materials will increase even more in the future. Considering these factors, we developed an experimental teacher support system LOGEMON with the purpose of helping the teachers in using Web‐based instructional materials in class. This system makes it possible for the teacher to gather and view the information about the students' progress in learning during the classes, in which Web‐based materials are used. In this paper, we present methods of creating and visualizing the learning histories of individual students. Learning histories are compiled from the browsing histories by using proxy servers and databases. However, proxy log is an abstract file that does not provide information needed by the teachers necessitating search of information from other sources. The learning history is presented to the teacher upon his request with simultaneous visualization. The instructional structure and learning history are presented visually in a superimposed manner to assist the teacher in his diagnosis of students' progress. Experimental results indicate that the visualized learning history provides a better understanding of the state of learning of individual students. LOGEMON is based on the client‐server configuration, in which the database is run on the server and the browser is implemented in the form of the client's interface. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 60–74, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1173
Improvements of aspect identification method by matrices
Authors: Sakamoto Hiroyasu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn single‐view methods based on three‐dimensional (3D) object geometry models in computer vision, a central problem is determining the correspondence of feature points in the model and the observed image. In this paper the author investigates the features of aspect identification methods used to solve this problem efficiently using matrices, then describes the causes of misidentifications. In addition, the author proposes a new identification matrix which improves this identification method statistically by using singular value decomposition, and general eigenvalues and eigenvectors, demonstrating the validity of the method using mathematical experiments. These improvements allow for a reduction of the computational burden for online identification of aspects while at the same time reducing the misidentification rate. This method can be an identification standard for norms of vectors and matrices. As a result, it is ideal for high‐speed processing using hardware and for use in parallel systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 75–84, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1174
Selection of projection sets and order of calculation in ordered subsets expectation maximization method
Authors: Ogawa Koichi , Takahashi Masahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMaximum likelihood‐expectation maximization (ML‐EM) is well known as a method to reconstruct images from projection data, while the ordered subsets algorithm (OS) has been proposed to improve the performance of iterative calculation. In a combination of this algorithm with expectation maximization (OS‐EM), the projection data are divided into subsets, and pixels are updated for each subset according to the projection data; this method achieves recovery of high‐frequency components in few iterations. In this paper, OS‐EM is explored in terms of the dependence of image quality on the manner in which the subsets are built, and the order in which they are then calculated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(13): 96–102, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1176
An analysis of a model of computer viruses spreading via electronic mail
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Ishida Yoshiteru 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper we consider a model of the spread of computer viruses which can spread over a wide area in a short time by electronic mail. In addition to clarifying how a virus spreads, the purpose of this paper is to obtain new ideas about virus countermeasures. In this analysis of how a virus spreads, we use a simple mathematical model and simulations to clarify the changes over time of the number of infections, the relationship between the number of computer connections and the number of infections, the effects of suppressing virus spread by improving the level of user knowledge against viruses, and the effects of suppressing virus spread using antivirus software. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 81–90, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1178
Investigation of the genotoxic effect in bone marrow of Swiss albino mice exposed long‐term to pyrimethamine
Authors: Tunca B. , Egeli U. , Aydemir N. , Cecener G. , Bilaloglu R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the genotoxic effect of pyrimethamine, which is a drug used in the therapy of toxoplasmosis and malaria, in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino mice exposed to three doses (1, 4, 8mg/kg) of this agent for eight months orally in vivo. We used a chromosome analysis and micronucleus test for evaluation of genotoxic effect. While a statistically significant change was not determined in numerical chromosome abnormalities, structural chromosome aberrations and micronuclei were increased in a dose‐dependent manner by cytogenetic and statistical evaluations. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22: 393–402, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antisense inhibition of translation initiation factor 3 reverses its oncogenic potential
Authors: Lei Yi‐xiong , Joseph Pius , Ong Tong‐man 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecently we have identified, cloned, and characterized the mouse Translation Initiation Factor 3 (TIF3, GenBank Accession Number AF 271072) as a novel cadmium‐responsive proto‐oncogene. Presently, additional studies regarding the oncogenic potential of TIF3 have been carried out. Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with the pcDNA3.1 expression vector containing the TIF3 cDNA in the sense (5′→3′) orientation resulted in overexpression of the encoded 36 kDa protein. Transfection‐mediated overexpression of TIF3 protein resulted in transformation of the cells as evidenced from the appearance of transformed foci. Cotransfection of the cells with a mixture of plasmid DNA consisting of TIF3 cDNA in the sense and in the antisense orientation resulted in significant inhibition of translation of the TIF3 protein. Antisense (3′→5′) TIF3 mRNA‐mediated inhibition of translation of TIF3 protein, furthermore, resulted in inhibition of TIF3‐mediated transformation of NIH3T3 cells as evidenced from the decrease in the number of transformed foci. These results further confirm that overexpression of TIF3 is oncogenic and the antisense TIF3 mRNA expression reverses its oncogenic potential. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22:403–409, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromosome aberration and sister chromatid exchange in workers of the iron and steel factory of İskenderun, Turkey
Authors: Topaktaş Mehmet , Rencüzoğullari Eyyüp , İla Hasan Basri , Kayraldiz Ahmet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate, by using chromosome aberration (CA) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests, whether or not the workers employed in the İskenderun (Turkey) iron and steel factory have any genotoxic risk. The CA and the SCE were investigated in 48 males employed in a coke ovens unit and 8 males employed in a product side unit of the factory and in control groups. The frequency of CA was higher while the frequency of the SCE was not in all the smoker‐nonsmoker workers than in smoker‐nonsmoker control groups. In addition, there was no significant decrease in the RI, while the MI was significantly lower than in the controls. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22:411–423, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenicity of bisphenol A (4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol) in vitro: effects of nitrosylation
Authors: Schrader Timothy J. , Langlois I. , Soper K. , Cherry W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBisphenol A (4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenol) is a common component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Since bisphenol A–containing plastics and resins have found uses in food‐contact items, its potential migration into foodstuffs and possible health consequences have been the focus of many recent studies. However, the potential mutagenic activation of bisphenol A by nitrosylation has received little attention. Incubation of bisphenol A with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions produced a yellow‐brown product. When nitrosylated bisphenol A was tested in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay at 100 ng to 1 mg/plate, dose‐dependent increases in mutagenicity were found in both TA98 and TA100 Salmonella strains. These results indicated the presence of a direct‐acting mutagenic activity causing both frameshift and base pair mutations, respectively. When compared to colony formation in untreated controls, the addition of rat liver S9 for metabolic activation had little influence on revertant colony formation. Unreacted bisphenol A dissolved in DMSO, acidic buffer, or inactivated nitrosylation solution showed negligible mutagenicity. When the nature of the mutagenic changes was examined using the Ames II™ Assay, a variety of base pair changes was found including T:A to A:T ‐ S9, G:C to A:T ± S9,C:G to A:T ± S9 and C:G to G:C ± S9. Bisphenol A also induced frameshift mutations at G:C sites. In addition, the presence of electrophiles was shown by the production of an intensely coloured orange‐red product upon incubation of nitrosylated bisphenol A with the nucleophile 4‐(4′‐nitrobenzyl)pyridine. These findings suggest that migration of bisphenol A into nitrite containing foodstuffs, or its ingestion in the presence of nitrite, could lead to the formation of mutagenic compounds. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 22: 425–441, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.