bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen incorporation in a ringwoodite analogue: Mg2GeO4 spinel
Authors: Hertweck B. , Ingrin J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSingle crystals of Mg2GeO4 spinel, a stable analogue to mantle ringwoodite at atmospheric pressure up to 800°C, were synthesized from Mg2GeO4 olivine in hydrous conditions at 1.9 GPa and ∼1000°C. Infrared (IR) spectra show OH-stretching peaks at 3531 and 3502 cm–1. Quantification of IR spectra reveals hydrogen in the order of 5 to 10 ppm wt. H2O. A complete hydrogen/deuterium exchange was achieved at 700°C leading to a diffusion coefficient of deuterium of ∼3x10–14 m2/s. This value is of the same order as diffusion coefficients observed in other mantle minerals, such as garnet and diopside.The O–O distance of ∽ 2.9 Å calculated from the spectra of Mg2GeO4 spinel is consistent with the GeO4 tetrahedra edge length known from crystal-structure data. Whereas the hydration mechanism and the site occupancies involved are still in discussion for mantle spinel, the IR measurements on Mg2GeO4 confirm the idea of protonation at the tetrahedral edges.
Hydrogen and minor element incorporation in synthetic rutile
Authors: Bromiley G. D. , Hilairet N. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe solubility and incorporation mechanisms of H and various trivalent and divalent cations in synthetic rutile have been investigated. Experiments performed using different bulk Fe2O3 contents demonstrate that Fe3+ substitutes onto the main Ti site, charge-balanced by oxygen vacancies. Under more reducing conditions in Fe-poor systems, the concentration of Ti interstitials in rutile is increased, resulting in a decrease in H solubility. Variation in the solubility of different oxides in rutile as a function of ionic radius implies substitution onto the main Ti site, probably charge-balanced by oxygen vacancies. To a lesser degree, substitution of trivalent and divalent cations is locally charge-balanced by H incorporation. Variation in OH-stretching frequencies in infrared spectra as a function of composition implies that octahedral defects and structurally-incorporated H are coupled. However, in all samples, some of the H is also decoupled from substitutional impurities, as is evident from an OH-absorption band at 3279 cm–1. This band corresponds to the main OH band seen in spectra of many natural rutiles, implying that in most rutiles, H defects are decoupled from substitutional defects.
Kinetics of hydrogen extraction and deuteration in grossular
Authors: Kurka A. , Blanchard M. , Ingrin J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of hydrogen mobility in grossular with a chemically homogeneous composition of Gr83.2 And14.3 Py2.2 were studied by sequential annealing experiments monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Slices of single crystals <0.5 mm thick were annealed at temperatures in the range 1073–1323 K at ambient pressure in air and in gas mixtures of Ar(90%)/D2(10%) and Ar(90%)/H2(10%). The change of total infrared (IR) absorbance in the OH-stretching region (3700–3500 cm–1) and the OD-stretching region (2750–2580 cm–1) was used to calculate the diffusion coefficients. The law for diffusion of deuterium is given by D = D0 exp[–102±45 kJ mol–1/ RT] with log D0 (m2/s) = –7.6. For hydrogen extraction in air the diffusion law is expressed by D = D0 exp[–323±46 kJ mol–1/RT] with log D0 (m2/s) = 1.0. This activation energy agrees with the values found for Dora Maira pyrope and for other pyropes from mantle xenoliths, but the diffusivity is slower for the grossular. A detailed investigation of the decrease in individual OH bands during hydrogen extraction in air revealed two different kinds of kinetics behaviour, suggesting that at least two different types of OH defects are present in this grossular.
Hereditary neuromuscular disease and multicomposite subjective health status: feasibility, internal consistency and test-retest reliability in the French version of the Nottingham Health Profile, the ISPN
Authors: Boyer F , Novella J L , Bertaud S , Delmer F , Vesselle B , Etienne J C 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, internal consistency and reproducibility of the French version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) completed by adults with hereditary neuromuscular disease. Design: Cross-sectional study with evaluation at 15±7 days for NHP test retest. Setting: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation consultations in Reims. Subjects: Sixty-four neuromuscular disease outpatients completed the NHP consecutively between April 2002 and December 2003. Main measures: French version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Barthel Index and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: The average completion percentages for the different dimensions was 84.2% (range 72-97%). With respect to the completion feasibility of the physical mobility subscale, 7-20% of neuromuscular disease patients failed to complete four items out of eight. In the pain subscale, the same difficulty was encountered for three items out of eight. Internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was acceptable for the subscales physical mobility (0.88), emotional reaction (0.74), sleep (0.77), and pain (0.81); it was less reliable for the subscale social isolation (0.61), and poor for the subscale energy (0.47). Test-retest agreement measured by intraclass correlation coefficient was in all instances greater than 0.70. Conclusion: Some items in the pain and physical mobility subscales pose problems related to the relevance of the wording for patients confined to wheelchairs. Recoding of the measure makes it possible to avoid missing data from these dependent patients. Scores differ statistically according to the coding used. In study reports, details of such procedures should be provided for comparison of ISPN results with those from other studies in the literature.
Movement skill assessment in children with profound multiple disabilities: a psychometric analysis of the Top Down Motor Milestone Test
Authors: van der Putten A , Vlaskamp C , Reynders K , Nakken H 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To analyse the psychometric properties of the Top Down Motor Milestone Test (TDMMT), an internationally used instrument in the planning and evaluation of movement-oriented interventions. Setting: Centres for special education in the Netherlands. Subjects: Children with profound multiple disabilities. Methods: Validity, reliability and utility of the TDMMT were evaluated. Validity was assessed by conducting a principal component analysis. Reliability was determined by evaluating the internal consistency, test=retest and inter-rater reliability. With regard to utility, the hierarchical item ordering was evaluated with a Mokken scale analysis. Inter-item and item-rest correlations were calculated to confirm the allocation of the items in the TDMMT. Results: Principal component analysis did not support the presence of three underlying factors. The internal consistency was high and test=retest and inter-rater reliability varied from moderate to perfect. Scale analysis showed that the subscales of the TDMMT are strong one-dimensional scales with good internal consistency, however, the order of the items could only partly be confirmed as well as the allocation of the items into four levels of functioning. Conclusion: The reliability of the TDMMT is good, but validity is moderate. Results indicate that adaptations to the structure of the TDMMT should be made when used for children with profound multiple disabilities. Further psychometric evaluation of the TDMMT is necessary.
Sickness impact in people with muscular dystrophy: a longitudinal study over 10 years
Authors: Boström Katrin , Nätterlund Birgitta Sjöquist , Ahlström Gerd 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To describe changes of function in terms of sickness impact over 10 years in adult patients with different types of muscular dystrophy. Design: Patients with muscular dystrophy answered the Sickness Impact Profile and Self-report ADL questionnaires in 1991 and 2001. Setting: The study population was identified in a comprehensive prevalence study in the county of Örebro, Sweden. Subjects: The study group comprised 44 people grouped according to whether they had myotonic dystrophy or muscular dystrophy with proximal or distal muscles affected. Main measures: Comparison was made between assessments of sickness impact in terms of function at the two time points. Results: Most obvious deterioration over time was in activities of daily living that require finger and arm strength. Ambulation was significantly decreased in myotonic dystrophy and proximal muscular dystrophy. Those walking without assistive devices decreased from 91% to 52%, and the number with a disability pension increased from 36 to 55%. There was a relatively small influence with regard to psychosocial dysfunction assessed by the Sickness Impact Profile. Conclusions: This longitudinal study shows the deteriorating functions reported by patients with muscular dystrophy. This knowledge could be used to formulate new interventions in order to offer appropriate support and treatment to this patient group.
Assessing the results of thrust plate prosthesis: a comparison of four different rating systems
Authors: Unver Bayram , Karatosun Vasfi , Gunal Izge 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To evaluate four rating systems designed to assess patients following provision of a thrust plate prosthesis. Subjects: Sixty-one patients undergoing total hip replacement with thrust plate prosthesis. Design: Patients were evaluated preoperatively and six months postoperatively by four different hip rating systems (Harris, Iowa, Charnley and Merle d'Aubigne), both on a categorical and on a numerical basis. Setting: Department of orthopaedics and traumatology in a university hospital. Main outcome measures: Patients were evaluated by four rating systems preoperatively and postoperatively either on a categorical or a numerical basis. Results: All patients showed significant improvement after surgery in all rating systems. Although preoperative categorical evaluation revealed that the strongest correlation was between Charnley and Merle d'Aubigne scores (r =0.876), numerical comparison of the rating systems showed strong correlation among all systems, both pre-and postoperatively. Responsiveness analysis revealed larger effect size for the Iowa and Harris hip scores. Conclusions: Our results suggest that hip rating systems should be compared numerically rather than by categorical evaluation and that the Iowa and Harris hip scores are more convenient in evaluating thrust plate prosthesis patients because they have larger effect sizes without floor and ceiling effects.
Manual muscle testing: does it meet the standards of an adequate screening test?
Authors: Bohannon Richard W 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To describe the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing. Design: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional strength data. Setting: Acute rehabilitation unit. Participants: Convenience sample of 107 consecutive qualifying rehabilitation inpatients. Intervention: Not applicable. Main outcome measures: Knee extension forces measured by manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometry. Results: The ability of manual muscle testing to detect 15, 20, 25 and 30% between-side differences and deficits in knee extension force was described. Although the specificity of manual muscle testing was acceptable (mostly>80%), its sensitivity to differences between sides and to deficits relative to normal never exceeded 75%. Its diagnostic accuracy was never greater than 78%. Conclusion: The results of this study cast doubt on the suitability of manual muscle testing as a screening test for strength impairments.
Taping versus electrical stimulation after botulinum toxin type A injection for wrist and finger spasticity. A case—control study
Authors: Carda Stefano , Molteni Franco 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To compare results from two approaches used in conjunction with botulinum toxin type A administration in rehabilitation: the application of a taping system and the electrical stimulation of the injected muscles and splinting. Design: Case—control study. Setting: Two tertiary care rehabilitation hospitals in Italy. Subjects: Sixty-five adult subjects affected by spasticity of the wrist and finger flexors. Interventions: After injection with botulinum toxin type A, the group at hospital A (n = 33) was treated with adhesive taping for six days and those at hospital B (n = 32) with electrical stimulation and splinting for six days. Spastic hypertonia at the injected muscles was assessed before treatment, one week and one month post injection. Main measures: Modified Ashworth Scale. Results: In group A, the mean Modified Ashworth Scale reduction was 2.76 ± 0.94 for wrist flexors and 2.45 ± 0.92 for finger flexors; in group B the mean Modified Ashworth Scale reduction was 2.18 ± 1.11 for wrist flexors and 2.1 ± 0.98 for finger flexors. The observed difference between the two groups was statistically relevant ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients treated with adhesive taping and botulinum toxin type A achieved a greater reduction in spastic hypertonia as measured with Modified Ashworth Scale, with less time dedicated for the treatment.
A pilot randomized controlled trial of a daily muscle stretch regime to prevent contractures in the arm after stroke
Authors: Turton Ailie J , Britton Elizabeth 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and effects of daily stretch positioning for prevention of contractures in stroke patients without arm function. Design: Randomized controlled pilot study. Setting: Stroke rehabilitation ward, UK. Subjects: Twenty-five subjects drawn from an initial pool of 126 presenting with loss of arm function, all within four weeks of stroke. Interventions: In addition to usual care, subjects in the experimental group (n =13) were prescribed two 30-min stretches for wrist and finger flexors and two 30-min stretches targeting shoulder adductors and internal rotators, per day for up to 12 weeks post stroke. Stretches were carried out by therapists and nursing staff. Main measures: Passive range of wrist extension and shoulder external rotation to standard force or to pain at four, eight and twelve weeks after stroke. Results: Compliance was variable. Frequency of positioning was fair from four to eight weeks post stroke but declined after that. Mean (SD) frequency of stretch positions completed between four and eight weeks was 36.5 (13.0) for the wrist, 31.2 (14.1) for the shoulder, out of 56 prescribed. There were no significant effects of treatment. By eight weeks post stroke the mean range of wrist extension and shoulder external rotation lost on the affected side in both groups was 30 degrees. Conclusions: The stretch treatment was not well tolerated over many weeks. Statistical power was low due to the large degree of variability of range of motion and small sample size. The regime tested cannot be recommended as a workable treatment to prevent contractures.
New facilitation exercise using the vestibulo-ocular reflex for ophthalmoplegia: preliminary report
Authors: Kawahira Kazumi , Shimodozono Megumi , Etoh Seiji , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To study the effect of facilitation exercises using the vestibulo-ocular reflex on ophthalmoplegia due to brainstem injury. Design: A single-baseline design (A–B: A without specific therapy, B with specific therapy) across individual subjects. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility. Subjects: Eight patients with ophthalmoplegia (total of 15 affected muscles) due to brainstem injury. Interventions: Basic rehabilitative treatment that included physical therapy, occupational therapy and/or speech therapy for impairments such as hemiplegia, ataxia or dysarthria was administered for two weeks (control treatment). Then, two facilitation exercise sessions (100 times/day, five days/week for two weeks) were administered in addition to the basic rehabilitative treatment for four weeks to the eight patients with ophthalmoplegia. Ophthalmoplegia was evaluated at study entry and at the end of each two-week session. The goal of the facilitation exercises is to facilitate voluntary eye movement using conjugated eye movements in the direction opposite to passive movements of the head. Main measures: To assess ophthalmoplegia we measured the distance between the internal/external corneal margin and the canthus of the affected eye on images recorded on a video tape recorder. Results: After the initial two-week basic rehabilitative treatment, the distance between the corneal margin and canthus decreased slightly. Subsequently, after each of the two facilitation exercise sessions, there were significant reductions in the distance between the corneal margin and canthus compared with that at the beginning of the respective facilitation exercise session. Conclusion: Facilitation exercises significantly improved the horizontal movement of eyes with ophthalmoplegia due to brainstem injury.
Effectiveness of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral task training for arm during the subacute phase after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Desrosiers Johanne , Bourbonnais Daniel , Corriveau Hélene , Gosselin Suzanne , Bravo Gina 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an arm training programme combining repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral tasks for people in the subacute phase after stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient functional rehabilitation unit. Subjects: Forty-one people who had had a stroke, in the subacute phase, receiving conventional arm occupational and physical therapy, were randomized to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=21). Interventions: In addition to the usual arm therapy in the rehabilitation unit, the experimental group received an arm therapy programme (15-20 45-min sessions) based on repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral tasks. The control group received additional usual arm therapy of a similar duration and frequency to the experimental treatment. Main measures: The effect of the programme was judged on the basis of: (1) arm impairments (motor function, grip strength, gross and fine manual dexterity and motor co-ordination), (2) arm disabilities in tasks related to daily activities, and (3) functional independence in activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Results: Although both experimental and control groups of participants improved similarly during the study period, the statistical analyses did not show any difference between the groups at the end of the treatment for the different dependent variables evaluated: (1) arm impairments: p=0.43-0.79; (2) arm disabilities: p=0.16-0.90; and (3) functional independence: p=0.63 and 0.90. Conclusions: An arm training programme based on repetition of unilateral and symmetrical bilateral practice did not reduce impairment and disabilities nor improve functional outcomes in the subacute phase after stroke more than the usual therapy.
Children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: the effects of functional movement activities
Authors: van der Putten A , Vlaskamp C , Reynders K , Nakken H 
Published: July 2005

Objective: To determine the effect of functional movement activities within the MOVE (Mobility Opportunities Via Education) curriculum on the independence of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Subjects: Forty-four children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities. Setting: Centres for special education. Design: A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest with control group design. Intervention: The children in the control group (n = 12) participated in the regular programme at the centre of special education. The children within the experimental group (n = 32) were additionally supported by the MOVE curriculum. Method: Both group comparisons and individual analyses were conducted. Results: The level of independence of the experimental group increased significantly in performing movement skills; the control group did not increase significantly. At an individual level, 20 children (63%) of the experimental group improved in comparison with the control group, in which four children (33%) improved. Conclusion: Results showed that the children receiving functionally focused activities achieved the greatest improvements in independence when performing movement activities.
Continuous passive motion improves shoulder joint integrity following stroke
Authors: Lynch Daniel , Ferraro Mark , Krol Jenifer , Trudell Christine M , Christos Paul , Volpe Bruce T 
Published: July 2005

Objective: In a pilot study of patients with a first stroke and hemiparesis, we sought to determine whether treatment of the upper limb with continuous passive motion (CPM) that was device delivered would alter impairment, disability or the associated adverse symptoms of shoulder joint instability, pain and tone. Design: Patients were randomly assigned to receive daily CPM treatments or participate in self-range of motion groups under the supervision of an occupational therapist. All patients received standard daily poststroke therapy for 3.5 h per day. A blinded evaluator at admission and discharge assessed patients using standardized scales of impairment, disability and adverse symptoms. Setting: Specialized stroke unit of an acute rehabilitation hospital. Subjects: Two hundred and eighty consecutive patients were screened and 35 of these with a first unilateral stroke, 139-6 days following the acute event, provided informed consent and were randomly assigned to CPM treatment or supervised group self-range exercise. Main measures: Thirty-two completed the study and were evaluated using standardized measures for motor impairment (Fugl-Meyer, Motor Status Scale and Medical Research Council Motor Power), adverse symptoms (gleno-humeral stability, pain and tone), and disability (Functional Independence Measure). Results: CPM-treated patients demonstrated positive trends towards improved shoulder joint stability (p =0.06, confidence interval -0.03, 2.3) when compared with patients performing therapist-supervised self-range of motion. There were no significant differences in motor impairment, disability, pain or tone. Conclusions: Device-delivered continuous passive range of motion may offer an enhanced benefit for some adverse symptom reduction in the hemiplegic arm after stroke over traditional self-range of motion exercise.