bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ability of Plasmodium falciparum to invade Southeast Asian ovalocytes varies between parasite lines
Authors: Cortés Alfred , Benet Ariadna , Cooke Brian M. , Barnwell John W. , Reeder John C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of the most lethal form of human malaria, uses multiple ligand-receptor interactions to invade host red blood cells (RBCs). We studied the invasion of P falciparum into abnormal RBCs from humans carrying the Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO) trait. One particular parasite line, 3D7-A, invaded these cells efficiently, whereas all other lines studied invaded SAO RBCs to only about 20% of the extent of normal (non-SAO) cells. This result is consistent with the clinical observation that SAO individuals can experience high-density P falciparum infections and provides an explanation for previous discrepant results on invasion of SAO RBCs. Characterization of the invasion phenotype of 3D7-A revealed that efficient invasion of SAO RBCs was paralleled by relatively efficient invasion of normal RBCs treated with either neuraminidase, trypsin, or chymotrypsin and a novel capacity to invade normal RBCs treated sequentially with both neuraminidase and trypsin. Our results suggest that only parasites able to use some particular invasion pathways can invade SAO RBCs efficiently in culture. A similar situation might occur in the field.
Synthesis of K–β-Al2O3 Powder by Hydrothermal Multicomponent Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Zhang Xiangfeng , Wen Zhaoyin , Lin Zuxiang , Gu Zhonghua , Xu Xiaohe 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
A precursor for K–β-Al2O3 powder has been synthesized by hydrothermal multicomponent coprecipitation method. The precursor for the synthesis was composed of the solid solution of KxNH4(1−x)Al(OH)2CO3(x = 0.1885). The effect of calcination temperature on the formation of K–β-Al2O3 phase was investigated. It is the first attempt to prepare K–β-Al2O3 powder by a kind of low-cost wet chemical process.
Preparation of Silver Nanorods by Rapid Microwave Heating
Authors: Liu Fu-Ken , Chang Yu-Cheng , Huang Pei-Wen , Ko Fu-Hsiang , Chu Tieh-Chi 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
We report a method for preparing silver nanorods by a rapid heating process. The procedure we use is one in which a silver salt is reduced to silver metal by sodium citrate under the influence of microwave irradiation. The silver products were characterized by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffractometry. Key aspects for the production of nanorods having high aspect ratios are rapid microwave heating and adequate reaction times.
Ischemia-Modified Albumin Concentrations in Patients with Peripheral Vascular Disease and Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Ischemia
Authors: Roy Debashis , Quiles Juan , Sharma Rajan , Sinha Manas , Avanzas Pablo , Gaze David , Kaski Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Background: Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a new marker of myocardial ischemia, there is concern that IMA concentrations may be affected by ischemia occurring in tissues other than the myocardium.
Methods: We assessed 23 consecutive patients (15 males; mean age, 67 years) with typical leg claudication and documented peripheral vascular disease (PVD). All patients underwent both treadmill-exercise stress testing to induce leg ischemia and dobutamine stress echocardiography 1 week apart for the assessment of myocardial ischemia. Blood samples for IMA measurements were obtained at baseline, immediately after peak exercise/stress, and 1 h after exercise/stress. Statistical analysis was performed with the ANOVA repeated-measures test.
Results: Compared with baseline, mean (SD) IMA was significantly lower after the induction of skeletal muscle ischemia and returned to baseline values at 1 h: baseline, 74.6 (15.6) kilounits/L; peak stress, 69.5 (14.0) kilounits/L (P &lt;0.0001 vs baseline); 1 h after stress, 75.9 (15.7) kilounits/L (P &lt;0.0001 vs peak stress; P = 0.3 vs baseline). Baseline, peak stress, and 1-h poststress IMA concentrations were inversely correlated with the ankle-brachial index after exercise (r = −0.4; P &lt;0.05). None of the patients showed regional wall motion abnormalities during dobutamine stress echocardiography, and IMA concentrations remained unchanged from baseline. There were no differences in baseline [74.6 (15.6) vs 72.7 (11.5) kilounits/L; P = 0.6], peak stress, or poststress IMA concentrations when exercise testing and dobutamine stress echocardiography values were compared.
Conclusions: The relationship between disease severity (of a noncardiac origin) and baseline IMA values is an important and novel finding. IMA is significantly lower immediately after exercise-induced leg ischemia in patients with PVD and is related to disease severity. IMA concentrations can therefore be affected by the development of skeletal muscle ischemia, and this may have implications regarding the ability of IMA to detect myocardial ischemia in PVD patients.
Modellbasierter Ansatz zur Anwendungsintegration (A Model-based Approach for Enterprise Application Integration)
Authors: Dorda Clemens , Steiert Hans-Peter , Sellentin Jürgen 
Published: July 2004

Zusammenfassung
Moderne Produkte zur Anwendungsintegration in Unternehmen (EAI) bieten Werkzeuge, um Integrationsszenarien zu modellieren. Allerdings lassen sich damit heterogene IT-Umgebungen bisher immer nur ausschnittsweise darstellen, da die Modelle unterschiedlicher EAI-Produkte nicht ausgetauscht oder integriert werden können. Unser Ziel ist es, die Bildung solcher ‘Integrationsinseln’ zu vermeiden. Dazu präsentieren wir einen Ansatz, der durch technologie- und herstellerunabhängige Modellierung eine integrierte Sicht erlaubt. Unser Vorgehensmodell schlägt vor, diese integrierte Sicht werkzeuggestützt auf der Basis von Repositories zu verfeinern, um die Realisierung mit konkreten Produkten und das Deployment auf konkreten Plattformen zu automatisieren.
Techniken der XML-Familie zur Systemintegration (Deploying XML Technology for System's Integration)
Authors: Jeckle Mario 
Published: July 2004

Zusammenfassung
Anwendungen der Extensible Markup Language (XML) haben sich seit ihrem Erscheinen in vielfältiger Weise etablieren können. Die breite Basis verfügbarer Standards und deren Umsetzung, gepaart mit dem vergleichsweise einfachen Einsatz dieser Technikfamilie, lassen auf XML gründende Anwendungen auch für verschiedene Aspekte der Systemintegration interessant werden.
Dagstuhl-Seminar “Dynamically and Partially Reconfigurable Architectures” (Dynamisch und partiell rekonfigurierbare Architekturen)
Authors: Becker Jürgen 
Published: July 2004

Summary
The paper addresses people from information technology, electrical engineering, computer science, and related areas. It gives an introduction and classification to fine-, coarse-, as well as multi-grain reconfigurable architectures. This data-stream-based and transport-triggered parallel computing technique in combination with dynamical and partial reconfiguration features demonstrates promising perspectives for future CMOS-based microelectronic solutions in multimedia and infotainment, mobile communication, as well as automotive application domains, among others.
Split-step Wavelet-Kollokationsmethoden zur Simulation linearer und nichtlinearer optischer Wellenausbreitung (Split-step Wavelet Collocation Methods for Linear and Nonlinear Optical Wave Propagation)
Authors: Kremp Tristan 
Published: July 2004

Zusammenfassung
Optische Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Übertragungs-Systeme (WDM) sind eine Schlüsseltechnologie zur Bewältigung des ständig wachsenden Internet-Datenverkehrs. Um WDM-Systeme mit großen Bandbreiten und Propagationsdistanzen innerhalb praktikabler Rechenzeiten simulieren zu können, sind numerische Algorithmen mit optimaler Komplexität erforderlich. Die in dieser Dissertation entwickelten Verfahren erfüllen diese Anforderungen und erlauben erstmals Simulationen mit erheblichen Rechenzeitvorteilen gegenüber dem etablierten Standardverfahren. Die gezielte Optimierung von WDM-Systemparametern wie zum Beispiel der optischen Kanalleistung wird dadurch wesentlich vereinfacht.
Elucidation of a cryptic interstitial 7q31.3 deletion in a patient with a language disorder and mild mental retardation by array‐CGH
Authors: Tyson Christine , McGillivray Barbara , Chijiwa Chieko , Rajcan‐Separovic Evica 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on a 14‐year‐old boy who presented with bilateral cleft lip and palate, hearing loss, a language processing disorder, and mild mental retardation (MR). G‐banded chromosome analysis of the patient and his family revealed he carried an apparently balanced de novo complex translocation involving chromosomes 5, 6, and 7. Chromosomal comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was performed to investigate the possibility of any genomic imbalance as a result of the complex rearrangement. No abnormality was detected at any of the translocation breakpoint regions (5p13.2, 6p24, 7q21.1, and 7q21.3), nor was there any other imbalance which fell inside our significance level of 0.8–1.2. Array‐CGH analysis was initiated to perform a higher resolution search for gains and losses, and revealed a deletion of two adjacent clones, CTB‐133K23 and RP11‐112P4, mapping to 7q31.3, which are 4.4 Mb apart. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using these two clones confirmed the deletion. 7q31 has frequently been implicated in the search for genes involved in speech and language disorders. The specific 7q31.3 region deleted in our patient has significant overlap with some such areas of the genome. These findings are, therefore, of value in identifying genes involved in the speech and language phenotypes. This study has shown the importance of array‐CGH in investigating patients who have clinical features suggestive of a chromosome abnormality, but with apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements. It has demonstrated that the array‐CGH technique provides a much greater insight into submicroscopic chromosome imbalances than conventional cytogenetic techniques. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining β‐sheet stability by Fourier transform infrared difference spectra
Authors: Wang Ting , Xu Yao , Du Deguo , Gai Feng 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe describe here a new method for determining the conformational stability of antiparallel β‐sheets. Due to coupling between the transition dipoles, β‐sheet conformations typically exhibit a characteristic high‐frequency amide I component centered at ∼ 1680 cm−1. Using one β‐sheet protein and two small β‐hairpins, we demonstrate that this high‐frequency component, which is fairly narrow (∼ 8–10 cm−1), can be quantitatively resolved and used in thermal stability determination. Compared with the commonly used CD and fluorescence techniques, this ir method offers advantages. Since the area of this high‐frequency component is only proportional to the folded population, it eliminates the need for a priori information of the folded and unfolded baselines encountered in other methods. Thus, it is applicable to a variety of β‐sheet systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 monomer exhibits structural plasticity
Authors: Fossati Gianluca , Cremonesi Pietro , Izzo Gaetano , Rizzi Emanuele , Sandrone Giovanni , Harding Stephen , Errington Neil , Walters Christopher , Henderson Brian , Roberts Michael M. , Coates Anthony R.M. , Mascagni Paolo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe conditions which favor dissociation of oligomeric Mycobacterium tuberculosis chaperonin 10 and the solution structure of the monomer were studied by analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopies. At neutral pH and in the absence of divalent cations, the protein is fully monomeric below approximately a 4.7 μM concentration. Under these conditions the monomer forms completely unfolded and partially folded conformers which are in equilibrium with each other. One conformer accumulates over the others which is stable within a very narrow range of temperatures. It contains a β‐sheet‐structured C‐terminal half and a mostly disordered N‐terminal half. Other components of the equilibrium include partially helical structures which do not completely unfold at high temperature or under strong acidic conditions. Complete unfolding of the monomer occurs in the presence of denaturants or below 14°C. Cold‐denaturation is detected at an unusually high temperature and this may be due to the concentration of hydrophobic residues, which is larger in chaperonins than in other globular proteins. Finally, the monomer self‐associates in the pH range 5.8–2.9, where it forms small oligomers. A structure–activity relationship was investigated with the sequences known to be involved in the various biological activities of the monomer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
Titration of poly(dA‐dT) · poly(dA‐dT) in solution at variable NaCl concentration
Authors: Airoldi Marta , Boicelli C. Andrea , Cadoni Fabio , Gennaro Giuseppe , Giomini Marcello , Giuliani Anna M. , Giustini Mauro 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCD and uv absorption data showed that high molecular weight poly(dA‐dT) · poly(dA‐dT), at 298 K, undergoes an acid‐induced transition from B‐double helix to random coil in NaCl solutions of different concentrations, ranging from 0.005 to 0.600M. Similarly, titration of the polynucleotide with a strong base causes duplex‐to‐single strands transition. The base‐ and acid‐induced transitions were both reversible by back‐titration (with an acid or, respectively, with a base): the apparent pKa were the same in both directions. However, the number of protons per titratable site (adenine N1) required to reach half‐denaturation was in great excess over the stoichiometric value; to a much larger extent, the same effect was observed also for the deprotonation of the N3H sites of thymine. Moreover, in the basic denaturation experiments, at low salt concentrations ([NaCl]≤0.300M) less acid than calculated was needed to back‐titrate the base excess to half‐denaturation. Both effects could be qualitatively justified on the basis of the counterion condensation theory of polyelectrolytes and considering the energy barrier created by the negatively charged phosphodiester groups to the penetration of the OH− ions inside the double helix and the screening effect of the Na+ ions on such charges, in the deprotonation experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2004
The influence of biomass on the hydrodynamic behavior and stability of expanded beds
Authors: Lin Dong‐Qiang , Thömmes Jörg , Kula Maria‐Regina , Hubbuch Jürgen J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractExpanded bed adsorption is an innovative chromatographic technology that allows the introduction of particle‐containing feedstock without the risk of blocking the bed. Provided a perfectly classified fluidized bed (termed expanded bed) is formed in the crude feedstock and the biomass is not influencing protein transport towards the adsorbent surface, a sorption performance comparable to packed beds is found. The influence of biomass on the hydrodynamic stability of expanded beds is essential and was investigated systematically in this article. Residence‐time distribution analyses were performed using model systems and a yeast suspension under various fluid‐phase conditions. It is demonstrated that three factors (biomass/adsorbent interactions, biomass concentration, and flow rate) play an interdependent role disturbing the classified fluidization of an expanded bed. A clear correlation between the degree of aggregative fluidization—obtained by PDE modeling of RTD data—and the expansion behavior of the fluidized bed has been found. Thus, combining three analytical methods, namely cell transmission index analysis, expansion analysis, and RTD analysis provides a solid base for understanding and control of the fluidization behavior and thus further process design during the initial phase of process development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Auditory processing skills and phonological representation in Dyslexic children
Authors: Richardson Ulla , Thomson Jennifer M. , Scott Sophie K. , Goswami Usha 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIt is now well‐established that there is a causal connection between children's phonological skills and their acquisition of reading and spelling. Here we study low‐level auditory processes that may underpin the development of phonological representations in children. Dyslexic and control children were given a battery of phonological tasks, reading and spelling tasks and auditory processing tasks. Potential relations between deficits in dyslexic performance in the auditory processing tasks and phonological awareness were explored. It was found that individual differences in auditory tasks requiring amplitude envelope rise time processing explained significant variance in phonological processing. It is argued that developmentally, amplitude envelope cues may be primary in establishing well‐specified phonological representations, as these cues should yield important rhythmic and syllable‐level information about speech. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of DNA intercalation potential of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals by cell‐based and three‐dimensional computational approaches
Authors: Snyder Ronald D. , Ewing Douglas E. , Hendry Lawrence B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTo what extent noncovalent chemical‐DNA interactions, in particular weak nonbonded DNA intercalation, contribute to genotoxic responses in mammalian cells has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, with the exception of predominantly flat, multiple‐fused‐ring structures, our ability to predict intercalation ability of novel compounds is nearly completely lacking. Computational programs such as DEREK and MCASE recognize primarily those molecules that can form irreversible covalent adducts with DNA since their learning sets, for the most part, have not been populated by compounds for which a relationship between noncovalent interaction and genotoxicity exists. We describe here a novel three‐dimensional (3D) computational DNA‐docking model for prediction of DNA intercalative activity of molecules with both classical and nonclassical intercalating structures. The 3D docking results show a remarkable concordance with results obtained from testing these molecules directly in the Chinese hamster V79 cell‐based bleomycin amplification system suggesting that either or both of these approaches may have utility in defining noncovalent chemical‐DNA interactions. The ability to predict and/or demonstrate cellular DNA intercalation of novel molecules may well provide fresh insights into the nature and mechanistic basis of structurally unexpected genotoxicity observed during safety testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 44:163–173, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wind effects on sediment transport by raindrop‐impacted shallow flow: a wind‐tunnel study
Authors: Erpul G. , Gabriels D. , Norton L. D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn wind‐driven rains, wind velocity and direction are expected to affect not only energy input of rains but also shallow ﬂow hydraulics by changing roughness induced by raindrop impacts with an angle on ﬂow and the unidirectional splashes in the wind direction. A wind‐tunnel study under wind‐driven rains was conducted to determine the effects of horizontal wind velocity and direction on sediment transport by the raindrop‐impacted shallow ﬂow. Windless rains and the rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6 m s−1, 10 m s−1, and 14 m s−1 were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20 by 55 cm soil pan placed on both windward and leeward slopes of 7 per cent, 15 per cent, and 20 per cent. During each rainfall application, sediment and runoff samples were collected at 5‐min intervals at the bottom edge of the soil pan with wide‐mouth bottles and were determined gravimetrically. Based on the interrill erosion mechanics, kinetic energy ﬂux (Ern) as a rainfall parameter and product of unit discharge and slope in the form of qbSco as a ﬂow parameter were used to explain the interactions between impact and ﬂow parameters and sediment transport (qs). The differential sediment transport rates occurred depending on the variation in raindrop trajectory and rain intensity with the wind velocity and direction. Flux of rain energy computed by combining the effects of wind on the velocity, frequency, and angle of raindrop impact reasonably explained the characteristics of wind‐driven rains and acceptably accounted for the differences in sediment delivery rates to the shallow ﬂow transport (R2 ≥ 0·78). Further analysis of the Pearson correlation coefﬁcients between Ern and qSo and qs also showed that wind velocity and direction signiﬁcantly affected the hydraulics of the shallow ﬂow. Ern had a smaller correlation coefﬁcient with the qs in windward slopes where not only reverse splashes but also reverse lateral raindrop stress with respect to the shallow ﬂow direction occurred. However, Ern was as much effective as qSo in the sediment transport in the leeward slopes where advance splashes and advance lateral raindrop stress on the ﬂow occurred. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of sill spacing and sediment size grading on scouring at grade‐control structures
Authors: Marion Andrea , Lenzi Mario A. , Comiti Francesco 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSequences of artiﬁcial steps are sometimes used to reproduce the natural step–pool morphology of high‐gradient streams. The depth, length and shape of the scour holes in gravel‐bed rivers can be predicted reasonably using recently developed formulae. However, the properties of the scour holes can sometimes be affected by the distance between structures. This effect is called ‘geometrical interference’ and leads to a reduction of the scour hole compared to its potential size. Geometrical interference may occur in sequences of artiﬁcial steps in high‐gradient torrents, where structures are sometimes built at distances of a few tens of metres apart, but may also apply to natural step–pool systems. In this paper, a series of tests have been conducted to determine the effect of bed sill spacing and sediment grading on the potential erosion by jets forming over the sills. A new formula is derived, applicable to high‐gradient streams (slope > 0·04), which can be applied to the special case of scour holes developed by interfering sills. Sediment size gradation, not accounted for in previous formulae, is found to have a signiﬁcant effect on the scour dimensions and is included in the new predictive formula. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.