bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource and energy saving technology of specialpurpose cements
Authors: Khrystych Olena , Shabanova Halyna , Korohodska Alla , Gamova Olga 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBy obtaining and studying special‐purpose building materials based on the wastes of various industrial fields it has been found that that they exhibit a complex of predefined properties, and are both hydraulic and air binding materials. Physico‐mechanical properties of such materials vary over a wide range: water‐cement ratio – 0.12 – 0.25; initial set – from 50 minutes to 1 hour 50 minutes, final set – from 2 hours 15 minutes to 3 hours 25 minutes; compressive strength after 3 days of setting – 30 – 60 MPa, compressive strength after 28 days of setting – 50 – 85 MPa. In addition, experimental materials exhibit a complex of special properties: computed mass absorption ratio 200 – 280 cm‐1, sulfate resistance ratio after 6 months of setting in aggressive medium – 1.1 – 1.2. It is possible to obtain the following materials from chemical industry wastes: sand lime bricks (silicon‐containing wastes), heavy fillers for special purpose concretes (chromium wastes), various types of ceramics (calcium‐containing wastes), and in particular ferromagnetic ceramics (barium‐containing wastes).
Entwicklung von Carbonfasermörteln als schützende Chloridbarriere für neue und junge Stahlbauwerke
Authors: Kunz Annika , Orlowsky Jeanette 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungDie Bewehrungskorrosion reduziert die Lebensdauer von Bauwerken aus Stahlbeton maßgeblich. Eine Hauptursache sind Chloride aus Tausalzen oder Meerwasser, die in den Beton eindringen. Daher haben sich die Industriepartner instakorr GmbH, Massenberg GmbH, Mitsubishi Chemical Advanced Materials GmbH und Forschungspartner FH Münster sowie TU Dortmund zusammengeschlossen, um im Rahmen eines ZIM‐Forschungsprojektes den präventiven Schutz durch eine Chloridbarriere zu untersuchen. Die TU Dortmund führt innerhalb des Projektes Untersuchungen zu Mörtelzusammensetzungen durch und charakterisiert diese. Eine weitere Besonderheit ist der Nachhaltigkeitsaspekt, da recycelte Carbonfasern für die Steigerung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit eingesetzt werden. Dafür kommen verschiedene Faserarten, ‐geometrien und ‐gehalte zum Einsatz. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden Ergebnisse aus der Definition und Variation der Parameter sowie Daten der Laborversuche gezeigt und die leistungsfähigsten Kombinationen im Hinblick auf den Einsatz in der Chloridbarriere dargestellt.
Interaction of layered double hydroxide phases with chloride ions
Authors: Machner Alisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor the sustainable transition of the construction sector, the durability of cementitious materials needs to be guaranteed. This requires a fundamental understanding of the deterioration mechanisms for example how the ingress of potentially detrimental ions affects the composition of the pore solution as well as the phase assemblage. This contribution links results from several research projects investigating the changes in layered double hydroxides (LDH) composition upon exposure to chlorides. The Cl/Al ratio in chloride‐containing AFm phases depends on the chloride concentration as well as on the pH of the liquid phase. In addition, the amount of AFm phases is affected by the pH. Another member of the LDH group, hydrotalcite (Ht), can also incorporate chloride ions into the interlayer and exhibit a similar chloride‐binding capacity as stoichiometric Friedel's salt. However, the chloride‐binding capacity of Ht also depends on the composition of the pore solution. These findings aid the fundamental understanding of chloride‐binding mechanisms of cementitious materials. This is especially important, as the pH and calcium availability in the pore solution of hydrated cement may be altered during its service life. Moreover, the results may help to accurately predict the durability performance of samples in the laboratory.
Performance‐Prüfverfahren für den Sulfatwiderstand von Beton
Authors: Vollpracht Anya , Feldrappe Volkert , Overmann Steffen , Haufe Johannes , Ehrenberg Andreas , Beutel Ralf , Matschei Thomas 
Published: December 2023

KurzfassungDie aktuellen Normen für die Anwendung von Beton sehen deskriptive Regeln für den Einbau in sulfathaltigen Böden und Grundwässern vor. Diese Vorgehensweise schränkt die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von neuen Bindemitteln und alternativen Betonrezepturen erheblich ein, da diese Baustoffe eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall oder eine allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung benötigen. Im Zulassungsbereich steht aktuell für die meisten Bindemittel nur das sehr zeitintensive modifizierte SVA‐Verfahren zur Verfügung, mit dem erst nach 2 Jahren Versuchslaufzeit eine Zulassung erfolgen kann. Es wurde daher ein Performance‐Prüfverfahren erarbeitet, das auf der Prüfung der Zugfestigkeit von in Sulfatlösung gelagerten Betonproben basiert. Das Verfahren wurde anhand von 23 verschiedenen Bindemitteln im Hinblick auf seine Aussagekraft untersucht und Abnahmekriterien vorgeschlagen. Derzeit werden Vergleichsuntersuchungen im Labor mit unterschiedlichen w/z‐Werten durchgeführt und es laufen Auslagerungsversuche in einem Anhydrit‐Bergwerk, wo die Proben einer Sulfatkonzentration von 1500 bis 2000 mg/l ausgesetzt sind. Die Proben wurden im Juli 2018 ausgelagert. Darüber hinaus ist ein Ringversuch in Bearbeitung. In diesem Beitrag wird über die Fortschritte zur Etablierung des Prüfverfahrens berichtet.
Utilization of Cement and Concrete for Deep Sea Infrastructure
Authors: Takahashi Keisuke , Kobayashi Mari 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of cementitious materials in deep sea environments, focusing on the durability challenges of low‐temperature seawater and hydraulic pressure, are presented in this paper. The authors conducted laboratory and deep‐sea field experiments, thermodynamic calculation, and evaluated the performance of different types of binders in deep sea conditions. Durability of rebar in cementitious materials was investigated. In situ construction methods using cementitious materials was demonstrated on the deep‐sea field. Testing results revealed that deep sea conditions, especially low‐temperature seawater, can accelerate the disintegration of cement hydrates, and the use of pozzolanic admixture and calcium aluminate cement can improve its resistance. Our study provides valuable insights and applicability of cementitious materials to deep sea infrastructure construction.
Impact of NaCl on deterioration of hardened cement paste due to sulfuric acid attack
Authors: Yoshida Natsuki , Nakayama Kenichi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn sewage pipelines, H2SO4 is formed by the action of H2S gas generated from sewage and bacteria inhabited on the walls, resulting in H2SO4 attack on the concrete above the sewage level. In Osaka city, Japan, it was found that the deterioration degree of sewage pipelines became greater in coastal areas. In the coastal areas, the groundwater derived from seawater flowed through the joints of the sewage pipes. We assumed that seawater with high Cl content may accelerate the deterioration of concrete by adding the effect of NaCl to H2SO4 attack. In this study, hardened cement paste specimens were immersed in a solution of 0.1 mol/L H2SO4 mixed with NaCl to clarify the effect of NaCl, the main component of seawater, on H2SO4 attack of concrete. The specimens were analyzed using EPMA, XRD, and FT‐IR after the immersion test, and the immersion solution was analyzed using ion chromatography. The deterioration degree of the specimens increased as the amount of NaCl added to H2SO4 increased. Relatively more gypsum was formed and delaminated under the condition of 2 % Cl addition. It has been reported that HCl causes the formation of highly soluble salt (CaCl2) and the dissolution of Ca. The addition of NaCl to H2SO4 is assumed to accelerate the deterioration degree of hardened cement paste by adding the effect of HCl acid.
Budget‐Friendly Generation, Biochemical Analyses, and Lentiviral Transduction of Patient‐Derived Colon Organoids
Authors: Rigaux Emilie , Chen Jia‐Wei , George Fabienne , Lemaire Julien , Bertrand Claude , Faugeras Laurence , Fattaccioli Antoine , Gilliaux Quentin , D'Hondt Lionel , Michiels Carine , Renard Henri‐François , Zanin Natacha 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor the past decade, three‐dimensional (3D) culture models have been emerging as powerful tools in translational research to overcome the limitations of two‐dimensional cell culture models. Thanks to their ability to recapitulate the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity found in numerous organs, organoids have been used to model a broad range of tumors, such as colorectal cancer. Several approaches to generate organoids exist, with protocols using either pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, or organ‐restricted adult stem cells found in primary tissues, such as surgical resections as starting material. The latter, so‐called patient‐derived organoids (PDOs), have shown their robustness in predicting patient drug responses compared to other models. Because of their origin, PDOs are natural offspring of the patient tumor or healthy surrounding tissue, and therefore, have been increasingly used to develop targeted drugs and personalized therapies. Here, we present a new protocol to generate patient‐derived colon organoids (PDCOs) from tumor and healthy tissue biopsies. We emphasize budget‐friendly and reproducible techniques, which are often limiting factors in this line of research that restrict the development of this 3D‐culture model to a small number of laboratories worldwide. Accordingly, we describe efficient and cost‐effective techniques to achieve immunoblot and high‐resolution microscopy on PDCOs. Finally, a novel strategy of lentiviral transduction of PDCOs, which could be applied to all organoid models, is detailed in this article. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Establishment of PDCOs from biopsiesBasic Protocol 2: Long‐term maintenance and expansion of PDCOs in BME domesBasic Protocol 3: Cryopreservation and thawing of PDCOsBasic Protocol 4: Lentiviral transduction of PDCOsBasic Protocol 5: Immunoblot and evaluation of variability between donorsBasic Protocol 6: Immunofluorescence labeling and high‐resolution microscopy of PDCOsBasic Protocol 7: Transcriptomic analyses of PDCOs by RT‐qPCR
Relative contribution of photodegradation to litter breakdown in Australian grasslands
Authors: Butler Freja E. B. , Good Megan K. , Morgan John W. , Schultz Nick L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGrassy ecosystems cover ~40% of the global land surface and are an integral component of the global carbon (C) cycle. Grass litter decomposes via a combination of photodegradation (which returns C to the atmosphere rapidly) and biological decomposition (a slower C pathway). As such, decomposition and C storage in grasslands may vary with climate and exposure to solar radiation. We investigated rates of grass litter decomposition in Australian temperate grasslands along a climate gradient to uncouple the relative importance of photodegradation and climate on decomposition. Litterbags containing leaf litter from two common native grass species (Poa labillardierei, Themeda triandra) were deployed at six grassland sites across a precipitation gradient (380–890 mm) in south‐eastern Australia. Bags were retrieved over 39 weeks to measure mass loss from decomposition. We used shade treatments on the litter of one species (T. triandra) to partition photodegradation from biological decomposition. The shade treatment reduced the rate of decomposition of T. triandra relative to the full‐sun treatment at all sites, by an average of 38% at 39 weeks; the effect size of the shade treatment was not correlated with site productivity. The rate of decomposition in both species was positively correlated with rainfall midway through the experiment, but there were no significant differences in total decomposition among sites after 39 weeks. By week 39, total decomposition of T. triandra was significantly greater than for P. labillardierei. In general, we observed relatively linear decomposition rather than the strong negative exponential decay observed in many global litter decomposition studies. Synthesis: We found that solar radiation exposure was a strong contributor to litter decomposition in temperate Australian grasslands across a broad climate gradient, which may be related to a period of photopriming prior to further biotic decomposition. This study highlights the importance of litter composition and solar radiation exposure in our understanding of how decomposition patterns contribute to global C cycling.
Feeding ecology of a lesser‐known arboreal giant: Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura), Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Thomas Kiran , Šmejkal Marek , Nameer Paingamadathil Ommer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAnimal dietary choices help us understand a species' feeding behaviour and are particularly relevant in conservation management. The aim of this study was to gather knowledge on dietary choices and the foraging behaviour of the Grizzled Giant Squirrel (Ratufa macroura) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The objectives were in particular to determine the food composition, seasonal fluctuations in food selection and feeding technique. Through an observational sampling method, focal animal sampling, the Grizzled Giant Squirrel in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary was found to feed on 30 plant species belonging to 18 families. The most used plant family was Fabaceae, with eight species, followed by Moraceae (four species) and Anacardiaceae (two species). The food species consumed included 22 trees, four climbers, one liana, one paraphyte, one shrub and one succulent species. The squirrel spent the most time feeding on Bauhinia racemosa (19.79%), followed by Tamarindus indica (14.08%) and Nothopegia beddomei (9.89%). The squirrel's diet choice was primarily influenced by the availability of food tree species and food resources rather than the season and nontree species were also found in the diet of Grizzled Giant Squirrel. Although the Grizzled Giant Squirrel exhibits some plasticity in its dietary choices, the available diversity of mature trees and plants as food sources appears to be important for its conservation in the fragmented riparian forest of the Western Ghats in Southern India.
Regioselective Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 2,7‐Functionalized 1,3,6,8‐Tetraethynylpyrenes
Authors: Li Mingsheng , Wang Yijie , Su Guangchen , Yao Li , Yang Wenlong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe report a facile synthesis of regioselectively multi‐functionalized pyrenes through one‐pot reactions. These reactions involve Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions, which are proven effective in forming 1,2,3,6,7,8‐hexaphenylethynylpyrene for the first time. The 1,3,6,8‐tetraphenylethynyl pyrenediboronates are essential in synthesizing multi‐functionalized pyrenes, and the results indicate that the Stille coupling reaction is more effective than the Sonogashira coupling reaction in forming these boronate compounds in good yields. Furthermore, the experimental and theoretical investigations into the photophysical and electrochemical properties of the obtained 1,2,3,6,7,8‐multifunctionalized pyrenes show that the phenylethynyl groups at 2,7‐positions further increase the system conjugation, which is significant in developing new materials with enhanced properties.
Modified ESR‐based photosafety test (ESR‐PT) detecting singlet oxygen and free radical formation
Authors: Hinoshita Masumi , Abe Takayuki , Sato Asako , Maeda Yosuke , Takeyoshi Masahiro 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe electron spin resonance‐based photosafety test (ESR‐PT) was modified using a new parameter, photoreactivity index (PRI), to detect singlet oxygen and free radical photoproducts simultaneously. With this modification, the modified ESR‐PT is expected to reduce the number of false negative results due to chemicals producing free radical photoproducts other than singlet oxygen. The assay performance of the modified ESR‐PT was evaluated using 56 chemicals, including hydrophobic chemicals. When using the PRI cutoff value of 2.0 in the modified ESR‐PT, the accuracy relative to photosafety reference data was 91.1%, and the applicability (100%) was better than the other non‐animal photosafety test. Among the chemicals producing positive results, bithionol, fenticlor, and doxycycline HCl were considered positive based on the detection of free radical photoproducts, suggesting that these three chemicals may have phototoxic or photoallergic potential via radical reactions. Additionally, this finding demonstrated the fundamental advantage of the modified ESR‐PT using ESR spectroscopy, which can detect radicals selectively and quantitatively. Accordingly, the new parameter PRI is effective for photosafety evaluations based on not only singlet oxygen but also free radical photoproducts generated from chemicals. Therefore, the modified ESR‐PT has a great potential for a photosafety test method applicable to various chemicals.
When should we offer antenatal sequencing for urinary tract malformations? A systematic review, cohort study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sonner Sarah , Reilly Kelly , Woolf Adrian S. , Chandler Natalie , Kilby Mark D. , Maher Eamonn R. , Flanagan Cheryl , McKnight Amy Jayne , Mone Fionnuala 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetermine the incremental yield of prenatal exome sequencing (PES) over chromosome microarray (CMA) and/or karyotype for urinary tract malformations (UTMs).MethodA prospective cohort study encompassing data from the English Genomic Medicine Service North Thames Laboratory Hub for fetuses with bilateral echogenic kidneys (BEKs) was combined with data from a systematic review. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, MedRxiv and GreyLit were searched from 01/2010‐02/2023 for studies reporting on the yield of PES over CMA or karyotype in fetuses with UTMs. Pooled incremental yield was determined using a random effects model. PROSPERO CRD42023364544.ResultsFourteen studies (410 cases) were included. The incremental yield for multisystem UTMs, any isolated UTMs, and BEKs was 31% [95% CI, 18%–46%; I2 = 78%], 16% [95% CI, 6%–26%; I2 = 80%] and 51% [95% CI, 27%–75%; I2 = 34%]. The most common clinical diseases and syndromes identified, based on the variant genes detected, were Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS genes), dominant and recessive polycystic kidney diseases (PKD1, PKD2 and PKHD1) and renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (HNF1B).ConclusionThere was a notable incremental genetic diagnostic yield when PES was applied to multisystem UTMs and BEKs. There was a modest incremental yield when this technique was used for UTMs other than BEKs.
Monitoring experiment and simulation on solidification of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive with FBG sensors
Authors: Yuan Junming , Sun Hu , Sha Hongbo , Hu Fei , Qin Yue , Liu Yan , Cai Xingwang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn order to obtain the change rule of the temperature field and the mechanism of defect formation during the solidification process of melt‐cast explosive, the temperature field change data were tested during the solidification process of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive by using an arrayed spatially distributed Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) temperature sensor device. The temperature field variation during the solidification experiment was obtained under the condition that the cooling rate of the boundary water‐bath temperature was 0.2 °C/min. On the basis of the solidification experiments, the macroscopic solidification process of small‐caliber grenade at different boundary cooling rates was simulated using ProCAST software. The simulation results show that when the boundary cooling rate is 0.2 °C/min, the temperature fields during the solidification process of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive are in good agreement with that of the experimental monitoring points; the size of the melt‐cast charge defects decreases as the boundary cooling rate becomes smaller; and the location of the charge defects is closer to the tail of the grenade as the cooling rate decreases. In addition, a mesoscopic model of DNAN based melt‐cast explosive was established in the paper. At the mesoscopic level, the generation, formation, and evolution of charge defects in DNAN based melt‐cast explosive during solidification were investigated. The study results provide theoretical guidance for the formulation design and process optimization of DNAN based melt‐cast explosives, as well as for improving the charge quality of ammunition.
Initiation Step in the Condensed Phase Decomposition Process of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Patel Jay , Panchal Hardik , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Kumbhakarna(s) Neeraj 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAmmonium perchlorate (AP) is a commonly used oxidizer in solid propellant compositions. As a result, numerous experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out in order to better understand the behavior of its decomposition in both the liquid and gas phases. In this work, the first step of Ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition in the condensed phase has been investigated using quantum mechanics‐based calculations. The process of proton transfer from ammonium ion (NH4+) to perchlorate ion (ClO4−) was investigated in‐depth as it is thought to be the preferred reaction for the initiation of AP decomposition in the condensed phase. The calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level in conjunction with the 6‐311G++(d,p) basis set. The current study revealed that proton transfer from ammonium cation to perchlorate anion takes place in two steps. The first step involves the decomposition of ClO4− to ClO2− and O2 followed by the second step which is H+ transfer from NH4+ to ClO2− giving NH3 and HClO2. In order to better understand protonation and deprotonation, it is essential to know the proton affinity (PA) of the involved species. In this study, the CBS‐QB3 method is used to determine the PA of various energetic ionic compounds. These compounds include guanidinium azotetrazolate, triaminoguanidinium azotetrazolate, guanidinium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium perchlorate. Based on the results of the calculations, it is concluded that direct proton transfer process does not occur in the condensed phase because the proton affinities of all cations are significantly higher than those of the corresponding anions. In conjunction with experimental studies, this modelling study can help in the development of a better understanding of AP decomposition in the condensed phase.
Synthesis and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Evaluation of Coumarin‐Linked Carbazole Derivatives
Authors: Tharamak Sorachat , Wisarutwanit Tipanan , Songoen Weerasak , Saparpakorn Patchreenart , Pluempanupat Wanchai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cholinesterase inhibitory activity was examined of synthetic carbazole‐coumarin hybrids, with long chain hydrocarbons, triazole, or piperazine as linkers. The most effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor was 7‐((12‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)dodecyl)oxy)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (3 l), with an IC50 value of 6.86 μM and a high selectivity over butyrylcholinesterase. Compound 3 l also exhibited mixed‐type AChE inhibition in a kinetic study, with a Ki value of 4.87 μM. In addition, molecular docking of compound 3 l toward AChE was done to elucidate the inhibition at both the peripheral anionic and catalytic active sites. Furthermore, the HepG2 and Vero cells were unaffected by toxicity from compound 3 l. Therefore, these findings could be exploited to create a number of carbazole‐coumarin hybrids for future potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease.