bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of discharge gap related fluctuations in a cylindrical positive discharge corona
Authors: Talib Kamran Abu , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Kamran Kashif , Ayyaz Muhammad , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: February 2024

An efficient technique was used to model corona discharges without incorporating flux corrections. A position-state separation (POSS) technique was employed to solve the convection-dominated continuity equations prevalent in designing efficient corona discharges. The suggested approach utilizes an Eulerian scheme to solve the convective acceleration, diffusion, and response subproblems. The exceptional performance of POSS in terms of computing cost, resilience, and resolution is demonstrated by a series of numerical tests in various dimensions and coordinate systems. MATLAB was used to run four tests, namely, the square test, Davies test, general advection-diffusion test, and corona test. The average error in POSS was calculated as 0.06, which is much lower than the error in FEM-FCT (0.2677) and FVM-MUSCL (0.2650) algorithms. A 1 mm thick peak of space charge was formed around the anode after 1.2 ns. For an outer radius of 2 cm, ripples in ionizing waves were seen at t = 5000 ns. All the ionizing peaks were produced at around 0.5 cm away from the anode.
Variations in life-history traits in exploited and unexploited populations of Perth herring (Nematalosa vlaminghi): evidence for density-dependent growth?
Authors: Smith Kimberley A. , Hesp Sybrand Alexander , Coulson Peter G. 
Published: February 2024

Context Fishing can reduce population biomass, allowing remaining individuals to grow faster and mature earlier because of greater resource availability, which potentially compensates for lost reproductive output over a shortened lifespan resulting from fishing mortality. Aims To compare life-history traits of Nematalosa vlaminghi, a long-lived (20 years), semi-anadromous fish endemic to south-western Australia, in exploited and unexploited populations living in similar environments. Methods Populations were sampled in 2016–2018. Total mortality (Z) was estimated using catch-curve analyses, allowing for annual recruitment variability. Maturation age and length was estimated by logistic regression analysis. Growth curves were fitted to length-at-age data. Key results Compared to the unexploited population, Z was 2.6 times greater, juvenile growth was more than twice as fast, and maturity was attained at least 3 years earlier in the unexploited population. Conclusions Results supported the hypothesis of faster growth in exploited populations because of density-dependent processes. Environmental factors may also have contributed to trait differences between populations. Implications Faster growth and earlier maturation may partly compensate for lost reproductive output in exploited populations, although severe age truncation owing to fishing is still likely to decrease population resilience in this species, irrespective of any compensatory density-dependent processes.
Conditional Subsidies for Domestic Tourists: The Case ofPreViajein Argentina
Authors: Garcia Carolina I. , Porto Natalia , Ciaschi Matías O. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis case study exploresPreViaje(in English, PreTrip), an unprecedented tourism demand program launched in 2020 in Argentina as a response to the COVID-19 outbreak.PreViajeis a public policy at the national level that subsidises the selling of tourism services to residents travelling within the country. Itssui generisnature primarily lies in two characteristics: (i) the selling of tourism services takes place before travelling and (ii) the government subsidises (up to) half of the tourist spending. The program features conditionalities that determine eligibility for the subsidy.To study the emergence and evolution of the program, we use the three policy strategies suggested by the UNWTO to deal with the negative effects of COVID-19: (i) managing the crisis and mitigating the impact, (ii) providing stimulus and accelerating recovery and (iii) preparing for tomorrow.Information© The Authors 2024
Wafer-scale silicon microfabrication technology toward realization of low-cost sub-THz waveguide devices
Authors: Zhao Xinghai , Wu Peng , Liu Fei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a wafer-scale silicon microfabrication technology for the sub-terahertz (sub-THz) waveguide device mass production. Based on the effective scheme, a WR-5 (140–220 GHz) straight rectangular waveguide and a WR-2.8 (260–400 GHz) rectangular waveguide bandpass filter are implemented as demonstrated examples. The silicon deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process is employed to etch through the total thickness of the silicon wafer and form the main waveguide channels. Then, a low-temperature thermal compression process is used to bond the trough-etched wafer with the top and bottom metallised silicon wafers to form the closed waveguide structures without any precise alignment process. The fabricated waveguide has the benefit of low transmission loss (0.03–0.05 dB mm−1) at the whole G band. Besides, to measure the fabricated WR-2.8 waveguide filter and solve the measuring equipment standard waveguide difference, silicon micromachined waveguide transitions are explored and fabricated to match two different frequency-band modules for measuring the waveguide filters in the desired full frequency band, which also has a potential application for the different size waveguide conversion. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. The measured 3 dB bandwidth is 9.3%, with a central frequency of 343 GHz; the average insertion loss (IL) is about 1.6 dB in the pass band, including two extra straight waveguides of 8 mm length on input/output ends and two external waveguide-to-waveguide transitions. The proposed method provides a feasible and cost-effective solution for the mass production of high-performance waveguide devices and integrated systems in sub-THz frequency bands and beyond.
Extraction of contact resistivity for a partial contact solar cell
Authors: Kailasam Shanmugam , Vijayan Ramachandran Ammapet , Varadharajaperumal Muthubalan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Partial contacts are used in solar cells and other electronic devices. The contact resistivity and contact resistance of these partial contacts play a significant role in the performance optimization of these devices. In this work, we propose a strategy for accurate extraction of the partial contact resistivity

(

ρ

PC

)

of a solar cell with Ohmic (or linear) and Schottky (or non-linear) contacts. We demonstrate how the Cox–Strack method can accurately estimate the

ρ

PC

of a solar cell using Sentaurus TCAD-based simulations. Our simulation predicts that for linear contact solar cells,

ρ

PC

is approximately constant when the contact fraction is varied, whereas for non-linear contact,

ρ

PC

decreases with contact fraction as opposed to the previously reported works. The experimentally reported data is also shown to support the claim for the linear contacts further. Despite the larger full-contact resistivity of non-linear contacts, the contact resistivity and fill factor (FF) of both linear and non-linear partial contact solar cell is almost similar to

∼

3.5
−
5

m

Ω

c

m

−
2

and

∼

75% respectively at a 0.3% contact fraction. This is attributed to the reduction in contact resistivity for non-linear contacts with contact fraction. We finally show the generality of this study for any contact material system. This work can be applied to any device with partial contacts.
Characterization of a hyperbolic vortex plasma reactor for the removal of aqueous phase micropollutants
Authors: Klymenko Roman , de Kroon Esther , Agostinho Luewton L F , Fuchs Elmar C , Woisetschläger Jakob , Hoeben Wilfred F L M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study focuses on the characterization of a hyperbolic vortex plasma reactor through the comparison of various plasma-atmospheric regimes for the production efficiency of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and reactive oxygen (ROS) species. The research also explores effectiveness in the removal of micropollutants, including pharmaceuticals and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The technology includes several degradation mechanisms, such as advanced oxidation, ultraviolet photolysis, ozonation, electrolysis, and shockwave water purification, without the need for additional chemicals. Our results indicate that the plasma of bipolar or ‘flashover’ mode is notably more effective and efficient than both positive or negative polarity. Through the testing of various energy levels, it has been demonstrated that higher energy plasma yields lower efficiency but necessitates shorter treatment times compared to lower energy treatment. When plasma is produced under ambient atmosphere, water chemical properties change significantly in comparison to treatment under argon (Ar) or nitrogen (N2) due to the presence of both oxygen and N2 molecules. In a N2 atmosphere, the predominant formation is of RNS due to the chemical reactivity of N2 exited states, whereas under Ar atmosphere, predominantly ROS are generated. Notable advantages of this technology are its scalability and its low energy requirements. The scalability of the technology involves increasing the size of the reactor, the power and electrode count.
Friction of a driven chain: role of momentum conservation, Goldstone and radiation modes
Authors: Das Debankur , Vink Richard , Krüger Matthias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We analytically study friction and dissipation of a driven bead in a 1D harmonic chain, and analyze the role of internal damping mechanism as well as chain length. Specifically, we investigate Dissipative Particle Dynamics and Langevin Dynamics, as paradigmatic examples that do and do not display translational symmetry, with distinct results: For identical parameters, the friction forces can differ by many orders of magnitude. For slow driving, a Goldstone mode traverses the entire system, resulting in friction of the driven bead that grows arbitrarily large (Langevin) or gets arbitrarily small (Dissipative Particle Dynamics) with system size. For a long chain, the friction for DPD is shown to be bound, while it shows a singularity (i.e. can be arbitrarily large) for Langevin damping. For long underdamped chains, a radiation mode is recovered in either case, with friction independent of damping mechanism. For medium length chains, the chain shows the expected resonant behavior. At the resonance, friction is non-analytic in damping parameter γ, depending on it as γ
−1. Generally, no zero frequency bulk friction coefficient can be determined, as the limits of small frequency and infinite chain length do not commute, and we discuss the regimes where ‘simple’ macroscopic friction occurs.
Indexes for evaluation of dynamic characteristics of pressure-sensitive paint based on pressure sensitivity and frequency response
Authors: Kasai Miku , Nagata Takayuki , Nonomura Taku 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Two evaluation indexes were proposed to select the optimal PSP for unsteady pressure measurement from various PSPs with different pressure sensitivity and frequency response. An effective sensitivity coefficient calculated by pressure sensitivity and gain attenuation due to the response delay was proposed. Furthermore, an effective amount of intensity change was recommended, which takes into account the emission intensity and the effective sensitivity coefficient, because the magnitude of the intensity of a PSP is also important for unsteady-pressure measurement with high-speed sampling. A total of five types of PC-PSPs developed in previous studies were compared: two types of fast-response PC-PSPs using Pt(II) meso-tetra (pentafluorophenyl) porphine (PtTFPP) with poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (poly(IBM)) and ruthenium complex with RTV silicone, respectively, and three types of PC-PSPs using PtTFPP with poly[1-trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] (poly(TMSP)). A comparison was made using the proposed evaluation indexes under various pressure ranges. The results shows that poly(TMSP)-based PC-PSP has a high effective sensitivity coefficient at pressures less than 20 kPa. On the other hand, poly(IBM)-based PC-PSP has the highest effective sensitivity coefficient at a pressure of 100 kPa. The effective amount of intensity change of poly(TMSP)-based PC-PSP is the highest at 2 kPa, but that of poly(IBM)-based PC-PSP is the highest at a pressure higher than 5 kPa among the evaluated PC-PSPs due to its high luminescence intensity. A PSP with high emission intensity will provide high performance in terms of fluctuation of emission intensity detected by the photodetector when the excitation intensity and the exposure time are limited due to limitations of optical equipment or high-speed sampling.
A robust pairing method for two-pulse particle tracking velocimetry based on coherent point drift
Authors: Mercier Bertrand , Thomas Lionel , Tremblais Benoit , David Laurent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Particle tracking velocity has reached a high level of maturity in time-resolved measurements since the introduction and development of the Shake-The-Box algorithm. The effectiveness of this approach lies, in part, in its ability to exploit the temporal coherence of particle trajectories to reject the ghost particles while increasing the density of true particles. However, certain situations may prevent time-resolved measurements. In those cases, a Two-Pulse configuration is often the only option. This raises a challenge with regard to the capacity in separating the ghost from the true particles due to the lack of long-term trajectories. This article proposes a new approach to solve this problem using the coherent point drift (CPD) method. This method identifies a spatially coherent deformation field that models the transformation between two correlated sets of points. In the context of particle tracking velocimetry, the imposed spatial coherence of this calculation is believed to act in the same way as the temporal coherence that made Shake-The-Box successful. The CPD is governed by three parameters whose optimal values have been evaluated in the present contribution. These values were found to be weakly sensitive to the characteristics of the flow under study, ensuring that this method is robust without further tuning of the parameters. The method is then compared with the Two-Pulse implementation of Shake-The-Box (2P-STB) available in Davis 10.2. For this purpose, sets of realistic images were generated at two successive times for different configurations based of synthetically generated turbulent flows. The Iterative-Particle-Reconstruction in Davis 10.2 was then used to extract the list of particles to be processed by CPD. The comparison shows a better recall with 2P-STB than CPD, especially for large time intervals between frames, but an overall better rejection of ghost particles by CPD than 2P-STB, which was the expected benefit of this method.
Investigation of spatial resolution of electrical capacitance tomography based on the electromagnetic momentum (ECT-EMM)
Authors: Yang Yidan , Liu Guoqiang , Liu Jing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is a permittivity imaging method widely used in industrial inspection. The equations described by the ECT technique are nonlinear and ill-posed, which results in low image resolution. ECT can be considered an imaging method based on the Green’s reciprocity theorem, an energetic reciprocity theorem. ECT detects scalars, i.e. capacitances. Electromagnetic fields have both ‘energy’ and ‘momentum.’ In recent years, the electromagnetic momentum reciprocity theorem has enriched the electromagnetic reciprocity theorem. The electromagnetic momentum reciprocity theorem is an imaging method that detects vectors, i.e. capacitance gradients. Vectors contain richer information than scalars; thus, electrical capacitance tomography based on electromagnetic momentum (ECT-EMM) methods is expected to improve the resolution of permittivity imaging. This paper briefly describes the principle of the ECT-EMM technique for image reconstruction using sensitivity matrix gradient and capacitance gradient. Tikhonov regularisation algorithm is applied. The two methods, with and without capacitance measurements, are used to evaluate imaging resolution. Under different numbers of pixels and electrodes, typical permittivity distributions are used for reconstruction, and correlation coefficients are calculated. Simulations and experiments show that the ECT-EMM technique recognises object boundaries more clearly with high noise immunity. Five quality measures are used to evaluate the performance of the point spread function without capacitance measurements. Compared to ECT, the ECT-EMM technique is more sensitive to the central region away from the electrodes, recognises smaller minimum objects, and has smaller shape deformation.
Planar nanoscale vacuum channel transistors based on resistive switching
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Gengmin , Zhan Fangyuan , He Yidan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Resistance switching (RS) offers promising applications in a variety of areas. In particular, silicon oxide (SiO
x
) under RS can serve as electron sources in new types of miniature vacuum electron tubes. In this work, planar nanoscale vacuum channel transistors (NVCTs) with graphene electrodes and RS SiO
x
electron sources were developed. In each RS-NVCT, the resistance between the ground and the gate underwent high–low–high transitions, which resulted from formation and subsequent rupture of Si conducting filaments. Electrons were emitted from the post-reset Si filaments and the current received by the collector (I
C) was well controlled by the gate voltage (V
G). The transfer characteristics reveal that I
C was quite sensitive to V
G when RS occurred. With V
G sweeping from 0 to −20 V, the obtained subthreshold swing (SS) of 76 mV dec−1 was quite close to the theoretical limit of the SS of a field effect transistor at room temperature (60 mV dec−1). The largest ON/OFF ratio was of the order of 106. The output characteristics of the devices indicate that the dependence of I
C on the collector voltage (V
C) weakened at high V
C values. These results demonstrate the application potential of RS-NVCTs as either switching devices or amplifiers.
Monotonic convergence of positive radial solutions for general quasilinear elliptic systems
Authors: Devine Daniel , Karageorgis Paschalis 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behavior of positive radial solutions for quasilinear elliptic systems that have the form

Δ
p

u

=

c
1

|

x

|

m
1

⋅

g
1

v

⋅

|

∇
u

|

α

in

R

n

,

Δ
p

v

=

c
2

|

x

|

m
2

⋅

g
2

v

⋅

g
3

|

∇
u

|

in

R

n

,

where

Δ
p

denotes the p-Laplace operator, p > 1,

n
⩾
2

,

c
1

,

c
2

>
0

and

m
1

,

m
2

,
α
⩾
0

. For a general class of functions gj
which grow polynomially, we show that every non-constant positive radial solution (u, v) asymptotically approaches

(

u
0

,

v
0

)
=
(

C
λ

|

x

|

λ

,

C
μ

|

x

|

μ

)

for some parameters

λ
,
μ
,

C
λ

,

C
μ

>
0

. In fact, the convergence is monotonic in the sense that both

u

/

u
0

and

v

/

v
0

are decreasing. We also obtain similar results for more general systems.
The impacts of SiO2 atomic-layer-deposited passivation layer thickness on GaN-based green micro-LEDs
Authors: Deng Youcai , Chen Jinlan , Li Saijun , Huang He , Liu Zhong , Yan Zijun , Lai Shouqiang , Zheng Lijie , Yang Tianzhi , Chen Zhong , Wu Tingzhu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, we fabricated 76 × 127 µm2 green GaN-based micro-light-emitting-diodes (micro-LEDs) with atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) SiO2 passivation layers whose thicknesses were 0, 15, and 100 nm. The optoelectrical and communication performances of these devices were measured and analysed. The current-voltage results showed that ALD technology reduced the leakage current and enhanced the forward current of micro-LEDs. Compared with those of micro-LEDs without the passivation layer, the external quantum efficiency of micro-LEDs with 15 and 100 nm-thick SiO2 passivation layers increased by 23.64% and 19.47%, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of the EQE of the samples at room temperature using the ABC + f(n) model revealed the differences in the physical mechanisms of green micro-LEDs. Moreover, the communication performance indicated that ALD sidewall passivation reduced the carrier lifetime and improved the communication performance of green micro-LEDs.
Sawtooth suppression by flux pumping on HBT-EP
Authors: Li Boting , Levesque J.P. , Navratil G.A. , Mauel M.E. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study examines the mechanisms underlying sawtooth suppression in the High Beta Tokamak-Extended Pulse (HBT-EP) device. It is observed that strong-intensity sawtooth activities correlate with reduced-amplitude magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) edge modes which are identified as

m

/

n
=
3

/

1

external kink modes, while sawtooth suppression correlates with larger and saturated edge mode amplitudes. To further investigate these correlations, the plasma–wall coupling was manipulated by adjusting the positions of the conducting walls in HBT-EP. It was found that strong sawtooth events occur when the normalized wall radius

b

/

a

is within a critical value. This implies that the plasma–wall distance must be sufficiently small to ensure effective stabilization of the edge mode. Even slight differences in major radius result in significantly different discharge styles, categorized as ‘sawtoothing discharges’ and ‘sawtooth-suppressed discharges’ respectively. Through a series of mode structure analyses, we confirm the coexistence and coupling of the

m

/

n
=
1

/

1

helical core,

m

/

n
=
2

/

1

tearing mode, and

m

/

n
=
3

/

1

external kink mode during sawtooth-suppression, and that this coupling induces anomalous current broadening. Based on these findings, we conclude that sawtooth suppression in the HBT-EP tokamak is consistent with the process of magnetic flux pumping.
Study of the photocatalytic activity of clay supported TiO2 nanoparticles for methylene blue degradation.
Authors: Ramos-Domínguez Naian , Vallejo-Rendón Dulce 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of a methylene blue (MB) solution was studied using a formulation of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in a commercial antibacterial paint, and supported on clay strips. All experiments were carried out in a batch reactor containing a UV-C light source and the MB solution under stirring. Parameters such as catalyst mass loading, MB concentration, as well as catalyst properties were considered for the experimental procedure. The effect of the mass loading on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 formulations immobilized on the clay supports was evaluated using 100, 200, and 500 mg of TiO2 on 40 mL of paint, sampling the MB solution under degradation at 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 min. The aliquots were analyzed by optical spectroscopy in the 400-1000 range to determine the absorbance, calculate the concentration with the Beer-Lambert equation, and obtain the amount of MB degradation. The maximum photocatalytic degradation of MB for the supported photocatalyst was 52%, 55%, and 60%, respectively. For comparison, suspended TiO2 nanoparticles lead to ca. 95% of MB photodegradation in ca. 60 min. The supported photocatalysts were tested in three consecutive cycles of 200 min to study the mechanical and photocatalytic stability. The activity of the photocatalysts with mass loading of 100 and 200 mg TiO2 decreased to ca. 35% after the three cycles, while the formulation with 500 mg TiO2 remained stable for three cycles. The final samples of each cycle were characterized by XRF, discarding erosion of the material from the support.