bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TS‐1@MCM‐48 Core‐Shell Catalysts for Efficient Oxidation of p‐Diethylbenzene to High Value‐Added Derivatives
Authors: Guo Ying , Li Jinhong , Xu Qingxin , Song Zhimei , Wang Jinge , Han Mei , Chen Lidong , Han Na , Cheng Weiguo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo expand the market capacity of p‐diethylbenzene (PDEB), core‐shell zeolite (TS‐1@MCM‐48) is designed as a catalyst for PDEB oxidation. TS‐1@MCM‐48 catalyst is synthesized by in‐situ crystallization method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption‐desorption, in‐situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS‐NMR). Oxidation of PDEB by H2O2 was investigated systematically in liquid phase. The conversion of PDEB over TS‐1@MCM‐48 was 28.1 % and the total selectivity was 72.6 %, where the selectivity of EAP (p‐ethylacetophenone) and EPEA (4‐ethyl‐α‐methylbenzyl alcohol) was 28.6 % and 44.0 %, respectively. Compared with TS‐1 and MCM‐48 zeolite, the conversion rate of reactants and the selectivity of products have been significantly improved. The catalytic performance of TS‐1@MCM‐48 is derived from its well‐crystallized microporous core and mesoporous shell with regular channels, which make active sites of TS‐1 zeolite in the catalyst be fully utilized and mass transfer resistance be largely reduced. Further through theoretical calculation, we propose that the oxidation of PDEB is the result of the combination and mutual transformation of free radical process and carbocation process. Core‐shell structure ensures the conversion rate of raw materials and improves the selectivity of products.
Resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐methionine methyl ester by the lipase from Brucella thiophenivorans
Authors: Li Xiaojun , Li Qi , Yang Liying , Huang Liqin , Peng Chenchen , Zheng Jianyong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, lipase‐catalyzed resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐methionine methyl ester (N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe) was evaluated. A lipase from Brucella thiophenivorans was prone to exhibit high activity and excellent enantioselectivity toward N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe to produce the key chiral intermediate N‐acetyl‐L‐methionine methyl ester (N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe). The results showed that the enzymatic reaction was carried out in 100 g/L racemic substrate for 2 h, the conversion reached 51.3%, the enantiomeric excess value N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe exceeded 99%, and the enantiomeric ratio value >200. Therefore, the lipase from B. thiophenivorans has potential prospects for the resolution of N‐Ac‐DL‐MetOMe to produce the important intermediate N‐Ac‐L‐MetOMe.
A Proposal for Evaluating the Economic Viability of Biorefineries against Petrochemical Benchmarks
Authors: Götz Markus , Kruse Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsually costs of bio‐based products are compared to those of their fossil counterparts, most often made from crude oil. This paper adds new insights into this kind of comparison and provides approaches as to how future innovations in biorefineries and bio‐based chemicals can be compared to commercial fossil alternatives. The shift to alternative carbon sources will lead to higher costs in the short term. However, expected changes in the crude oil market and regulatory effects will cause rising costs of fossil chemicals in the near future. This work also provides strategies for implementing increased prices.
Strategies for Constructing Macrocyclic Arene‐Based Color‐Tunable Supramolecular Luminescent Materials
Authors: Gu Meng‐Jie , Han Xiao‐Ni , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, supramolecular luminescent materials (SLMs) have attracted considerable attention due to their dynamic noncovalent interactions, versatile functions, and intriguing applications in many research fields. From construction to application, great efforts and progress have been made in color‐tunable SLMs in recent years. In order to realize multicolor luminescence, various design strategies have been proposed. Macrocyclic chemistry, one of the brightest jewels in the field of supramolecular chemistry, has played a crucial role in the construction of stimuli‐responsive and emission‐tunable SLMs. Moreover, the flexible and tunable conformation and multiple noncovalent complexation sites of the macrocyclic arenes (MAs) afford a new opportunity to create such dynamic smart luminescent materials. Inspired by our reported work on the color‐tunable supramolecular crystalline assemblies modulated by the conformation of naphth[4]arene, this Concept provides a summary of the latest developments in the construction of color‐tunable MA‐based SLMs, accompanied by the various construction strategies. The aim is to provide researchers with a new perspective to construct color‐tunable SLMs with fascinating functions.
The limb dorsoventral axis: Lmx1b's role in development, pathology, evolution, and regeneration
Authors: Castilla‐Ibeas Alejandro , Zdral Sofía , Oberg Kerby C. , Ros Marian A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe limb anatomy displays well‐defined dorsal and ventral compartments, housing extensor, and flexor muscles, which play a crucial role in facilitating limb locomotion and manipulation. Despite its importance, the study of limb dorsoventral patterning has been relatively neglected compared to the other two axes leaving many crucial questions about the genes and developmental processes implicated unanswered. This review offers a thorough overview of the current understanding of limb dorsoventral patterning, synthesizing classical literature with recent research. It covers the specification of dorsal fate in the limb mesoderm and its subsequent translation into dorsal morphologies—a process directed by the transcription factor Lmx1b. We also discuss the potential role of dorsoventral patterning in the evolution of paired appendages and delve into the involvement of LMX1B in Nail‐Patella syndrome, discussing the molecular and genetic aspects underlying this condition. Finally, the potential role of dorsoventral polarity in digit tip regeneration, a prominent instance of multi‐tissue regeneration in mammals is also considered. We anticipate that this review will renew interest in a process that is critical to limb function and evolutionary adaptations but has nonetheless been overlooked.
The incidence of refeeding syndrome and the nutrition management of severely malnourished inpatients with eating disorders: An observational study
Authors: Brodie Emily , van Veenendaal Nicholas , Platz Emma , Fleming Judith , Gunn Hamish , Johnson Douglas , Griffin Hilda , Wittholz Kym 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveNutritional rehabilitation and weight restoration are often critical for the treatment of eating disorders (ED), yet are restricted by the potential risk of refeeding syndrome (RFS). The primary objective was to determine the incidence of RFS. Secondary objectives were to explore predictive factors of RFS and describe its impact on treatment goals for patients with ED.MethodThis retrospective observational study reviewed the nutrition management for patients admitted to a quaternary hospital for ED treatment from 2018 to 2020. Data were collected during the first 4 weeks of admission and included anthropometry, energy prescription, incidence and severity of RFS, and electrolyte and micronutrient prescription. Outcomes included incidence of RFS, energy prescription and advancement, and weight change.ResultsOf 423 ED admissions, 217 patients (median [interquartile range, IQR] age 25 [21–30.5] years; 210 [97%] female) met inclusion criteria. Median (IQR) body mass index (BMI) on admission was 15.5 (14.1–17.3) kg/m2. The mean (standard deviation) length of admission was 35 (7.3) days. Median (IQR) initial energy prescription was 1500 (930–1500) kcal/day. Seventy‐three (33%) patients developed RFS; 34 (16%) mild, 27 (12%) moderate, and 12 (5%) severe. There was no association between RFS severity and admission BMI, energy prescription, or prescription of prophylactic electrolytes or micronutrients. Lower admission weight was associated with RFS (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval [0.93–1.00], p = .035). Less than half of the participants met the weight gain target (>1 kg per week) in the first 3 weeks of admission.DiscussionThe incidence of severe RFS was low in this cohort and was associated with lower admission weight.Public SignificanceThis study is one of the largest studies to utilize consensus‐defined criteria to diagnose RFS among adult patients admitted for treatment of an ED. This population is still considered to be at risk of RFS and will require close monitoring. The results add to the growing body of research that restriction of energy prescription to prevent RFS may not require the level of conservatism traditionally practiced.
Sparse modeling for climate variable selection across trophic levels
Authors: Grames Eliza M. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how populations respond to climate is fundamentally important to many questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Climate is complex and multifaceted, with aspects affecting populations in different and sometimes unexpected ways. Thus, when measuring the changing climate it is important to consider the complexity of the phenomenon and the number of ways it can be characterized through different metrics. We used a Bayesian sparse modeling approach to select among 80 metrics of climate and applied the approach to 19 datasets of bird, insect, and plant population responses to abiotic conditions as case studies of how the method can be applied for climate variable selection in a time series context. For phenological datasets, mean spring temperature was frequently selected as an important climate driver, while selected predictors were more diverse for population metrics such as abundance or reproductive success. The climate variable selection approach presented here can help to identify potential climate metrics when there is limited physiological or mechanistic information to make an a priori variable selection, and is broadly applicable across studies on population responses to climate.
Different processing methods on anthocyanin composition and antioxidant capacity in blueberry juice: Based on metabolomics and DFT analysis
Authors: Liu Shuting , Ma Chuang , Zhang Ye , Wang Yining , Tian Jinlong , Li Bin , Zhao Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBlueberry juice is one of deep‐processed products of blueberries, anthocyanins are main bioactive substance in blueberry juice. However, anthocyanins have poor stability. Thermal, high pressure, electric field, magnetic field and cobalt source irradiation were used to treat blueberry juice, and then the treated blueberry juice composition and antioxidant capacity were determined to explore ways to better protect anthocyanins. Metabolomics was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the anthocyanins in blueberry juice, a total of 54 anthocyanins were identified. Different processing methods of treatment did not significantly change the types of anthocyanins in blueberry juice. Their effects were mainly focused on the changes in content. By determining the antioxidant capacity of blueberry juice, it was found that there is more than a simple linear relationship between the total anthocyanin content of blueberry juice and its antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the structural parameters of the four main anthocyanin monomers of blueberry juice were calculated using density functional theory to predict the antioxidant capacity and the antioxidant capacity of the monomers was determined for validation. The effect of different treatments on the change of antioxidant activity of blueberry juice due to anthocyanin occupancy was explained using equivalent antioxidant. The results showed that the 1 kGy irradiation treatment had a better protective effect on the anthocyanins, whereas the change in the percentage of anthocyanins due to this treatment was the key factor for the change in their antioxidant capacity.
Postexercise substrate oxidation is environmental temperature dependent before and after short‐term exercise training in obese women
Authors: Kulaputana Onanong , Kaewpaluk Parimon , Sanguanrungsirikul Sompol 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSubstrate oxidation can be altered by both environmental temperature and exercise training. It is unclear whether environmental temperatures before and after short‐term exercise training influence substrate oxidation rates and energy expenditure (EE) during postexercise recovery. The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of hot and thermoneutral environments on substrate oxidation and EE during postexercise recovery before and after a 1‐month exercise training in obese women. Sixteen overweight or obese women underwent a 1‐month exercise training. Before and after training, each participant completed metabolic testing during postexercise recovery at either hot (31°C–32°C) or thermoneutral (22°C–23°C) environments in a randomized crossover fashion with a washout period of 2–4 days between the two tests. The substrate oxidation and EE determined by indirect calorimetry during the 60‐min postexercise recovery of the hot and thermoneutral environments were compared. Following exercise training, fat oxidation during recovery was significantly greater at thermoneutral than at hot environments (thermoneutral, 56.0 ± 24.6 mg/kg/h vs. hot, 39.7 ± 27.5 mg/kg/h; p < 0.001). Conversely, carbohydrate oxidation during the recovery was significantly greater at hot than at thermoneutral environments, and the total EE at both temperatures did not significantly differ (hot, 70.5 ± 19.6 kcal/h vs. thermoneutral, 71.3 ± 13.7 kcal/h; p = 0.846). The results were the same as those before exercise training. After an acute bout of exercise, recovery in a thermoneutral environment increases fat oxidation; however, environmental temperatures produce no effect on the total EE. The same results were obtained before and after exercise training, suggesting that energy and substrate metabolism during postexercise recovery are more influenced by the environmental temperature than exercise training.
Tibial loading and damage accumulation in recreational and competitive male runners during a demanding 10 km run
Authors: Rice Hannah , Mai Patrick , Sanno Maximilian , Willwacher Steffen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTibial stress injuries are problematic among runners. The loading magnitude is the most important mechanical contributor to bone damage accumulation, but loading quantity is also important, and faster runners require fewer loading cycles to complete a given distance than slower runners. This study estimated tibial loading and damage accumulation throughout a demanding 10‐km run in recreational (RR) and competitive runners (CR). Male runners reporting a 10‐km season‐best run slower than 47:30 min (RR) or faster than 37:30 min (CR) completed a 10‐km treadmill running protocol at 105% of their season's best time. Tibial loading was estimated from bending moments at the distal 1/3rd of the tibia by ensuring static equilibrium at each 1% of stance. Peak loading was obtained, and cumulative damage per kilometer was estimated using a tissue‐dependent weighting factor. Peak tibial loading and damage accumulation per kilometer significantly decreased throughout the run, by 5% and 4%, respectively. Peak loading was significantly higher (31%) in CR than RR, and there was an indication (p = 0.058 and large effect size) of a greater rate of damage accumulation in CR than RR. Tibial loading per step and the rate of accumulation per kilometer decreased throughout a demanding 10‐km run suggesting that changes in running mechanics as a result of prolonged running may not be a primary mechanism for stress injury development. Competitive runners experience greater peak tibial loading and possibly greater cumulative tibial damage when they complete 10 km faster than recreational runners.
The effects of squat variations on strength and quadriceps hypertrophy adaptations in recreationally trained females
Authors: Enes Alysson , Oneda Gustavo , Leonel Danilo Fonseca , Lemos Lucas , Alves Felipe , Ferreira Luis H. B. , Escalante Guillermo , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Souza‐Junior Tácito P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe barbell squat is a multijoint exercise often employed by athletes and fitness enthusiasts due to its beneficial effects on functional and morphological neuromuscular adaptations. This study compared the effects of squat variations on lower limb muscle strength and hypertrophy adaptations. Twenty‐four recreationally trained females were assigned to a 12‐week front squat (FS; n = 12) or back squat (BS; n = 12) resistance training protocol (twice per week). Maximum dynamic strength (1‐RM) on the 45° leg press, a nonspecific strength test, and muscle thickness of the proximal, middle, and distal portions of the lateral thigh were assessed at baseline and post‐training. A significant time versus group interaction was observed for 1‐RM values (F(1,22) = 10.53; p = 0.0004), indicating that BS training elicits greater improvements in muscle strength compared with FS training (p = 0.048). No time versus group interactions were found for muscle thickness (F(1,22) = 0.103; p = 0.752); however, there was a significant main effect of time for the proximal (F(1,22) = 7.794; p = 0.011), middle (F(1,22) = 7.091; p = 0.014), and distal portions (F(1,22) = 7.220; p = 0.013) of the lateral thigh. There were no between‐group differences for any muscle thickness portion (proximal: p = 0.971; middle: p = 0.844; and distal: p = 0.510). Our findings suggest that BS elicits greater improvements in lower limb muscle strength on the 45° leg press than FS, but hypertrophic adaptations are similar regardless of variations during the squat exercise.
Human‐in‐the‐loop optimized rocker profile of running shoes to enhance ankle work and running economy
Authors: Tankink Thijs , Houdijk Han , Hijmans Juha M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncreasing the efficiency at which muscles generate mechanical power could improve running economy. A potential way to reduce muscle fiber shortening velocities and enhance energy storing of the Triceps Surae is changing their gear ratio at the ankle via optimization of shoe rollover profile. The aim of the current study was to individually optimize rollover profile of rocker shoes via human‐in‐the‐loop optimization to maximize positive ankle work to redistribute joint work from the hip and knee to the ankle and improve running economy. A total of 10 runners ran on a treadmill with experimental rocker shoes in which apex position and angle were optimized using an evolution algorithm to maximize positive ankle work. We compared experimental shoes with optimal settings, standard settings, and control shoes in terms of biomechanics and running economy. Optimal apex parameters differed considerably between participants. The optimal condition resulted in higher positive ankle work and a higher proportional share of the ankle in the total positive lower limb work compared to the standard condition. A difference in running economy between these conditions was not found. Human‐in‐the‐loop optimization can redistribute joint work from the hip and knee to the ankle by individually optimizing apex parameters. Although this did not improve running economy, the study showed that human‐in‐the‐loop optimization could improve the effectiveness of footwear with respect to the selected optimization parameter on an individual level.
Employing nonuniform magnetic fields to improve energy transfer of flow after a sudden expansion inside a miniature channel: A hydrothermal study
Authors: Bahrami Hamid‐Reza , Ghaedi Mahziyar , Attarzadeh Ali 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study aims to use single/multiple dipoles to control the flow field after a two‐dimensional milli channel, including a sudden expansion. The study is done numerically and using a finite volume based software. First, a single dipole is positioned under the lower boundary of the channel located after the step (which is heated), and the influences of the different locations of the dipole under the heat transfer and pressure drop are analyzed. The same analysis is done for a dipole located on the opposite wall. The results show that the best performance is achieved when the dipole is located under the heated wall, where it enhances local heat transfer by 700%. The study also reveals that when multiple dipoles are used in the domain, some enhancement happens in the local Nusselt number, but the resulting pressure loss is so high. For example, when three dipoles are used, the local heat transfer enhances by 15% in specific places, but the pressure drop increases by five times. The higher strength of the dipoles also results in a much higher pressure drop. Also, the study of the inlet flow Reynolds number shows that magnetic effects on the flow decrease as the Reynolds number rises.
Multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver with conservative Allen‐Cahn model for modeling high‐density‐ratio flows
Authors: Chen Z. , Sun Y. H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the Allen‐Cahn‐Multiphase lattice Boltzmann flux solver (AC‐MLBFS) is proposed as a new and effective numerical simulation method for multiphase flows with high density ratios. The MLBFS resolves the macroscopic governing equations with the finite volume method and reconstructs numerical fluxes on the cell interface from local solutions to the lattice Boltzmann equation, which combines the advantages of conventional Navier–Stokes solvers and lattice Boltzmann methods for simulating incompressible multiphase flows while alleviating their limitations. Previous MLBFS‐based multiphase solvers performed poorly in mass conservation, which might be caused by the excessive numerical diffusion in the Cahn‐Hilliard (CH) model used as the interface tracking algorithm. To resolve this problem, the present method proposes using the conservative Allen‐Cahn (AC) model as the interfacial tracking algorithm, which can ease the numerical implementation by removing high order derivative terms and alleviate mass leakage by enforcing local mass conservation in the physical model. Numerical validations will be carried out through benchmark tests at high density ratios and in extreme conditions with large Reynolds or Weber numbers. Through these examples, the accuracy and robustness as well as the mass conservation characteristics of the proposed method are demonstrated.