bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple solutions for the quasilinear Choquard equation with Berestycki-Lions-type nonlinearities
Authors: Jia Yue , Yang Xianyong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study the following quasilinear equation with nonlocal nonlinearity

−
Δ
u
−
κ
u
Δ

(

u

2

)

+
λ
u
=

(

∣
x
∣

−
μ

*
F

(

u

)

)

f

(

u

)

,

in

R

N

,

-\Delta u-\kappa u\Delta \left({u}^{2})+\lambda u=\left({| x| }^{-\mu }* F\left(u))f\left(u),\hspace{1em}\hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N},

where

κ

\kappa

is a parameter,

N
≥
3

N\ge 3

,

μ
∈

(

0
,
N

)

\mu \in \left(0,N)

,

F

(

t

)

=

∫

0

t

f

(

s

)

d
s

F\left(t)={\int }_{0}^{t}f\left(s){\rm{d}}s

, and

λ

\lambda

is a positive constant. We are going to analyze two cases: the

L

2

{L}_{2}

-norm of the solution is not confirmed and the

L

2

{L}_{2}

-norm of the solution is prescribed. Under the almost optimal assumptions on

f

f

, we obtain the existence of a sequence of radial solutions for two cases.
Influence of fiber types on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregates
Authors: Sabr Hawraa Ahmed , Abbas Waleed A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The cold-bonded pelletizing method is often employed in aggregate production since it uses less energy and helps reduce issues with gas emissions, contributing to economic and environmental benefits. In this study, fly ash was chosen as the raw material and used to partially replace cement in manufacturing artificial aggregate. Three types of fibers (polypropylene, polystyrene, and glass fiber) in different volume fractions were used to investigate their effect on the properties of the artificial cold-bonded lightweight aggregate. After the manufacturing process, aggregates were cured with a 28-day water curing. Their specific gravity, water absorption, density, impact value, and crushing value were tested to analyze the properties of the cold-bonded artificial aggregate. Results show that adding various volume fractions of PS, glass, and PP fibers during pelletization caused a more stable generation of aggregates with enhanced mechanical and physical properties.
A Honra e o Brio militar: uma categoria de análise na formação do discurso na imprensa militar do Oitocentos
Authors: De Santos Nascimento Fernanda 
Published: February 2024

A partir dos anos 1850 observa-se a ocorrência de muitos periódicos militares na imprensa nacional. Tais periódicos escritos por militares e voltados para o público militar acompanham as tendências de profissionalização das forças armadas nacionais que começam a ocorrer no século XIX, como consequência do desenvolvimento do moderno estado nação. No Brasil, os periódicos servem para afirmar, de forma categórica, um discurso positivo sobre o que é ser militar neste período. Na falta de um discurso institucional oficial, a construção discursiva institucional paira nas mãos de oficiais comuns, que utilizam a imprensa como canal de comunicação para expor suas ideias sobre o metier militar e suas atribuições. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a honra e o brio militar, como importantes características atribuídas ao ser militar no século XIX, de acordo com os redatores e colaboradores dos periódicos militares publicados no período.
Comparison of CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc score estimation of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients
Authors: Boyacı Faruk , Şahin Mustafa Kürşat , Boyacı Yankı , Yanık Ahmet , Aksan Gökhan 
Published: February 2024

Objectives: This study aims to compare of CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc score estimation of in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients and find a new scoring system that can better predict the hospital mortality by adding some laboratory parameters to the CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc scores.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1076 COVID-19 patients with confirmed COVID-19 PCR tests were included from September 2020 to March 2021. Age, sex, comorbidity, laboratory, survival times, and death status of the patients were recorded. The scores CHA₂DS₂VASc and R₂CHA₂DS₂VASc of each patient were calculated. A new mortality prediction score was created to establish the most effective model with logistic regression analysis, including laboratory values.
Results: Of the 1076 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 15.1% died, while 84.9% survived. There was no significant difference between the two groups in sex. All comorbidities were significantly higher in the deceased than in the survivors (p
Licence, Edward the Confessor: Last of the Royal Blood, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020)
Authors: Lavelle Ryan 
Published: February 2024

Review of Edward the Confessor: Last of the Royal Blood. By Tom Licence. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020. ISBN 9780300211542. xv + 369pp. £25 (hb) 2022. ISBN 9780300260823 (pb). xv+ 327 pp. £12.99.
Prospective Validation of the Spinal Cord Shape Classification System in the Prediction of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Data Loss
Authors: Bakhsheshian Joshua , Lenke Lawrence G. , Hassan Fthimnir M. , Lewerenz Erik , Reyes Justin L. , Zuckerman Scott L. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The Spinal Cord Shape Classification System (SCSCS) class has been associated with spinal cord monitoring data loss during spinal deformity surgery. The objective of the current study was to prospectively validate the SCSCS as a predictor of spinal cord monitoring data loss during spinal deformity surgery.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients who were undergoing primary deformity surgery at a single institution from 2018 to 2023 and whose major curve was in the spinal cord region was undertaken. Spinal cord morphology at the apex of the major curve on preoperative axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to categorize patients into 3 spinal cord shape types based on the SCSCS. The primary outcome was intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) data loss related to spinal cord dysfunction. Demographics and surgical and radiographic variables were compared between patients with IONM data loss and those without loss. Predictors of IONM loss were determined using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results:
A total of 256 patients (168 adult, 88 pediatric) were included and were separated into 3 SCSCS types: 110 (43.0%) with Type I, 105 (41.0%) with Type II, and 41 (16.0%) with Type III. IONM loss was observed in 30 (11.7%) of the 256 patients, including 7 (6.4%) of 110 with SCSCS Type I, 7 (6.7%) of 105 with Type II, and 16 (39.0%) of 41 with Type III. IONM loss was associated with SCSCS Type III, the preoperative deformity angular ratio, performance of 3-column osteotomies, greater operative time, greater transfusion volume, and greater postoperative sagittal corrections. SCSCS type was the strongest independent predictor of IONM data loss. SCSCS Type III had the greatest odds of IONM loss (odds ratio [OR] = 6.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.45 to 18.23 compared with Types I and II combined). The overall predictive performance with respect to IONM loss (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.827) was considered excellent.

Conclusions:
This prospective cohort study of patients undergoing spinal deformity correction confirmed that patients with a Type-III spinal cord shape had greater odds of IONM loss. Inclusion of the SCSCS in preoperative risk stratification and intraoperative management of spinal deformity corrective surgery is recommended.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Morbidity and Mortality of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in a Tertiary Referral Facility in Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Nlend Anne E. Njom , Avenec Pascal , Ngoué Jeannette Epée , Sandie Arsène B. 
Published: February 2024

Background and Objective:
Following the recorded progress in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon, the proportion of HIV-exposed infants who are uninfected (UIH) is increasing. These children are subject to infectious and non-infectious fragility. The purpose of this study was to assess infectious morbidity and mortality rates among UIH in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study. Infants were included in the study and defined as the study subjects if they were between the ages of 24 months or younger, if they were born to HIV-positive mothers, and if they were confirmed to be HIV-negative. The main study outcomes were morbidity rate (defined as infectious, clinical events that required consultation or hospitalization) and death. Data were entered and saved in the Census and Survey Processing System (Cspro) 7.3. Statistical analyses were performed in R Software 3.6.2. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results:
In total, 240 subjects were recruited of whom 53.3% were males. Most of the HIV-positive mothers (95.7%) had used combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for at least four weeks during pregnancy. Among the subjects, 93.2% received ARV prophylaxis, 68.7% were exclusively breastfed for six months, 94.7% were fully vaccinated, and 60.6% had received cotrimoxazole up to the detection of the non-infection. Overall, the morbidity rate stood at 34.2%. The incidence of morbidity was 3 per 1,000 child months of the follow-up. The main pathologies were acute respiratory infections (60.79%) and malaria (17.65%). Three deaths were recorded, representing an overall mortality rate of 1.25% for an incidence of 1.1 per 1,000 child months of the follow-up (FU). Clinical events were more frequent in mothers diagnosed with HIV during pregnancy under the azidothymidine (AZT) + lamivudine (3TC) + névirapine (NVP) -based protocol (odds ratio of 3.83 [1.09-14.45; p = 0.039]). Morbidity was also higher for the follow-up periods of less than six months.

Conclusion and Global Health Implications:
The overall mortality rate among UIH was low. However, the morbidity rate was considerably higher. Emphasis should be focused on in-care retention for up to 24 months for all UIH, which should include monitoring of HIV-infected mothers prior to pregnancy.
A New Calculation Model for Equivalent Circulating Density Considering Interface Effect between Various Fluids during Cementing Process
Authors: Sun Jinfei , Yang Fujie , Qi Ben , Li Zaoyuan , Li Jin 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Equivalent circulating density (ECD) is an essential parameter in the construction of oil and gas wells, which can be used to control the downhole pressure and prevent serious incidents such as well leakage or blowouts. Different engineering tasks will lead to changes in the ECD calculation model; the classical pipe flow theory can be used to calculate the ECD of circulating drilling fluid, but it is not suitable for the cementing displacement because it does not consider the interface effect between various fluids. In this paper, a new ECD calculation model has been developed that accounts for the changes in fluid interface morphology between displacing fluid and displaced fluid during the cementing process. Moreover, a simulation of the effects of borehole radius, casing eccentricity, displaced fluid density, and flow rate on the ECD were analyzed and quantified by a numerical approach to solve the fluid dynamics equilibrium equations that describe the flow in the eccentric annuli based on the semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm. The results show that the calculated ECD predicted by the proposed model is larger than the traditional model with the reduction in the borehole radius, and the maximum deviation at the inlet position can reach 0.03 g·cm−3. Variation in the length of the interface transition zone is the main reason for the deviation in ECD prediction accuracy. In the case of constant casing outer diameter, fluid rheology, and displaced fluid density, the ECD decreases with increasing borehole radius. Meanwhile, it increases with higher displaced fluid density, eccentricity, and annular velocity. It is also shown that the length of the mixing zone can reach up to 40% of the pipe length under the conditions of eccentricity and displacement described in the paper. The proposed model predicts the ECD in the annulus by considering the influence of different engineering parameters on the movement of displacement interface, which can effectively ensure the safety of the cementing operation.
Study of detoxification enzymes in whitefly population collected from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Sabeen , Asrar Muhammad , Hussain Dilbar , Saleem Muhammad , Jabeen Farhat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is a perilous pest of cotton and other crops due to its wide host range. It is responsible for the large scale economic devastation owing to the transmission of various lethal diseases. In Pakistan, B. tabaci is threatening the agricultural stability and food security by damaging the crops through direct and indirect means. Globally, the most prevalent practice to control B. tabaci is application of insecticides. Unfortunately, the persistent and erroneous use of insecticides is responsible for control failure and resistance in whitefly. Activation of detoxifying enzymes in Bemisia tabaci population with evolving resistance has been vastly studied. Resistance in whitefly against insecticides leads to the adverse results for growers. This experiment conducted to study the activities of detoxifying enzymes CarE and GST and kinetic parameters Km and Vmax in B. tabaci. Biochemical assay revealed that carboxylesterase activity recorded significantly high (2.15-fold) in Multan population and Bahawalpur (2.09-fold) as compared to other districts Jhang and Toba Tek Singh and susceptible strain. Detoxifying enzyme glutathione s-transferase activity (GST) recorded high in Bahawalpur population (3.83-fold) as compared to Multan, Jhang and Toba Tek Singh and susceptible strain. The activities of CarE and GST recorded significantly lower in Jhang and Toba Tek Singh populations as compared to other districts. Kinetic parameter (Km) value for CarE was significantly high 4.71 mmol L− 1 of Multan and Bahawalpur 4.07 mmol L− 1 as compared to Toba Tek Singh 2.99 mmol L− 1 and Jhang 2.46 mmol L− 1 populations. The values of Km for GST were noted higher in Bahawlpur 5.72 mmol L− 1 and Multan 5.24 mmol L− 1 populations as compared to other districts. Vmax values for CarE was recorded significantly higher 14.42 µ mol min− 1 for Multan population as compared to other districts and susceptible strain. Vmax values for GST activity were recorded higher in Toba Tek Singh 11.37 µ mol min− 1 as compared to other Vmax values of remaining districts and susceptible strain. The systematic study of enzymes to evaluate the pivotal role of detoxifying enzyme involved in detoxification process of insecticides and results will be used to make rational choices about insecticides selection to prevent resistance in B. tabaci in future.
A novel fuzzy DEMATEL method based on social network analysis and α-level sets considering experts’ hesitant information
Authors: Fan Jianping , Yuan Jiu , Wu Meiqin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the method of determining experts' weights based on social network analysis (SNA) and to propose a novel fuzzy DEMATEL method based on α- level sets to identify critical factors in supplier evaluation. First, we employ hesitant fuzzy linguistic preference relationships (HFLPRs) to accurately express experts' preferences among evaluation attributes. Subsequently, using SNA, we specify the centrality index of the experts to calculate the expert dependency, which in turn yields the weights of each expert. Next, using the α-level sets, we transform the triangular fuzzy numbers (TFNs) into confidence intervals and constructed three correlation preference matrices via probability density function to maximize the preservation of the original information. Subsequently, we process these three preference matrices by applying the DEMATEL method to identify the key factors under different conditions. Finally, we demonstrate in detail the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method in this paper through case studies and comparative studies.
Research on Online Compensation and Anti-interference of Pneumatic Muscle Quadruped Robot Model with Spindle Reflection
Authors: Wang Lina , Chen Zeling , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Binrui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this paper, the single leg joint of pneumatic muscle quadruped robot is taken as the control object. Based on the establishment of dynamic model and sliding mode controller, an online identification and compensation control strategy of model parameters based on error feedback is proposed. In order to enhance the anti-disturbance ability of the pneumatic muscle driving joint, an anti-interference control strategy integrating the muscle spindle reflection is proposed. Firstly, the dynamic model parameters are identified online by recursive least square method with forgetting factor, and the angle error is fed back to the input side for real-time update of the dynamic model parameters. Secondly, the change rate of pneumatic muscle contraction velocity under disturbance is analyzed, the muscle spindle reflection pathway is fused to compensate for disturbances. Finally, the simulation results show that the root-mean-square error of the dynamic parameter identification and compensation controller is reduced by 14.82% and 21.84% respectively under the two equivalent disturbances. and the mean absolute error is reduced by 47.27% and 56.25% respectively. After the spindle reflection system is fused, the expected signal under disturbance is compensated. The mean absolute error is reduced by 38.55% and 62.16%, and the root mean square error is reduced by 31.94% and 59.18%, respectively, when there is step interference and slope interference.
Enhancing Response Inhibition Behavior through tDCS Intervention in College Students with Smartphone Addiction
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Huafang , Li Tongshu , Liu Xiaolong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Smartphone addiction, emerging from excessive use of smartphones, poses a challenge to inhibitory control functions within society. This research employed Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention alongside the Stop Signal Task (SST) to explore behavioral distinctions between individuals with smartphone addiction and a non-addicted control group, focusing on the efficacy of tDCS intervention. The participant cohort comprised 80 individuals, divided into an addiction group (39 participants, with 19 receiving active tDCS and 20 receiving sham tDCS) and a control group (41 participants, with 20 receiving active tDCS and 21 receiving sham tDCS), with anodal stimulation applied over the right dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) and cathodal placement over the left arm. Findings indicated that university students grappling with smartphone addiction demonstrated diminished inhibitory control compared to their non-addicted counterparts, albeit maintaining comparable levels of general cognitive control. Notably, tDCS intervention was found to enhance inhibitory control in both groups, with a pronounced improvement observed in the addicted group. This study underscores the utility of tDCS in fostering healthier smartphone usage habits, informing clinical interventions, and furthering the development of tDCS methodologies.
Effect of Oropharyngeal Colostrum Immunotherapy on Weight Gain in Very Low Weight Premature Newborns: A Clinical Trial
Authors: Cerqueira Ellayne Souza , Martins Camilla da Cruz , Ramos Michelle de Santana Xavier , Amaral Mara Viana Cardoso , Costa Jessica Santos Passos , Machado Maria Ester Pereira Da Conceição , Vieira Tatiana de Oliveira , Vieira Graciete Oliveira , Costa Priscila Ribas de Farias 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context: The present study evaluated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy (OCI) on weight gain in preterm newborns with very low birth weight admitted to a public maternal and child care unit.
Methods: This is a nonrandomized clinical trial with a historical control of preterm newborns weighing less than 1,500 gat birth who were allocated into two groups according to their neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission period: in the control group, those admitted between 2015 and 2018; and in the intervention group, those admitted after the implantation of an OCI protocol between 2018 and 2020. The treatment regimen consisted of eight daily administrations of 0.2 ml (four drops) of colostrum for 10 seconds in the oropharyngeal mucosa every three hours until the child’s seventh day of life. Historical control group data were collected retrospectively using medical records. Weight gain was calculated in grams/kilogram/day and z score by age at 28 days of life. The generalized estimating equation(GEE) method was adopted to evaluate the effect of OCI on weight gain in preterm infants.
Results: Greater weight gain was observed in the OCI group between 21 and 28 days (pre-OCI: mean: 11.79; SD: 10.24; OCI: mean: 16.29; SD: 11.72; p=0.05). In multivariate analysis, OCI increased the speed of weight gain by 1.99 g/kg/day (p<0.01) and the z score by age by 0.33 (p<0.01) after adjusting for confounding factors.
Conclusion: The OCI favored weight gain and increased the z score by age in the postneonatal period of very low preterm newborns.
Study registration: REBEC U1111-1222-0598. Registered 17/12/2018, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-2cyp7c/
Association of COVID-19 vaccine intake with diagnosis, hospitalization, and oxygenation/ventilation: A longitudinal analysis, 2021-2022, Japan
Authors: Odani Satomi , Honda Hitoshi , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Limited national-level data exist on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infection outcomes based on individual characteristics. We analyzed 19,482 individuals aged 16-81 who responded to baseline (2021) and follow-up (2022) Internet-based surveys. COVID-19 vaccine intake (0/1/2+ doses) during the follow-up period was examined, and outcomes included COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and oxygenation/ventilation. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were computed using Poisson regression models, controlling for baseline characteristics including precautionary measures practiced.
81.6% of respondents received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine during the follow-up period. Among those without COVID-19 history at baseline (N=19,182), 10.9% and 6.6% reported COVID-19 diagnosis within the past year and past 2 months at follow-up, respectively. Respondents who received 1 or 2+ doses were less likely to be diagnosed in the past year (APR=0.76 and 0.43) and past 2 months (APR=0.87 [not statistically significant] and 0.51) compared to those who did not. Among 1,999 respondents diagnosed with COVID-19 during the follow-up, those with 1 or 2+ vaccine doses showed lower likelihoods of hospitalization (APR=0.78 and 0.86) and receipt of oxygenation/ventilation (APR=0.87 and 0.61), although not statistically significant.
Considering the interaction of socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics, the results supported the protective effect of the COVID-19 vaccine against infection.