bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sabbagh Universal Spring 2 appliance on cephalometric indices in patients with Class II division 1 versus division 2 malocclusions
Authors: Hemmatpour Siamak , Molladavoodi Parastesh , Oliadarani Fatemeh Kadkhodaei , Bahrani Hossein , Rakhshan Vahid 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Since there is no comparison between the effects of Sabbagh Universal Spring 2 (SUS2) appliance on Class II division 1 (div 1) versus Class II division 2 (div 2) patients, this preliminary study was conducted to comparatively assess, for the first time, the effects of SUS2 on 34 cephalometric indices in Class II/1 versus Class II/2 patients.

Materials and Methods:
This before–after clinical trial was conducted on 75 observations of 25 patients with Class II malocclusion, of whom 12 (9 females and 3 males) had Class II div 1 and 13 (11 females and 2 males) had Class II div 2 malocclusion diagnosed by clinical examination and cephalometric assessment. The growth level of all patients had to be CS3 according to the cervical vertebral maturation index. Lateral cephalographs were obtained before treatment (T0) and the patients underwent fixed orthodontic treatment. Lateral cephalographs were taken again (T1) and the patients received SUS2 functional appliance for 6 months. A final lateral cephalograph (T2) was then obtained. Thirty-four dentoskeletal indices were measured on lateral cephalographs, and changes in indices over time were determined and compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance, post hoc test, and t-test (α =0.05).

Results:
Within-group comparisons showed significant changes over time in SNB, sella nasion (SN)/occlusal plane, ANB, articular (Ar)-pogonion (Pog), L1-NB, condylion (Co)-gnathion, S-Ar/Ar-G, B-RL1, L1/nasion-point B (NB), U6-RL2, incisor mandibular plane angle, overjet, overbite, U1-RL1, and L1-RL2 (P < 0.05). The two groups were significantly different in terms of changes occurred to overjet, interincisal angle, U1/RL1, L1-NB, U1-NA, U1/NA, the Jarabak ratio, A-RL1, U1/SN, Pog-NB, and Co-A (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The SUS2 showed therapeutic efficacy for both Class II div 1 and 2 patients although it more commonly caused dentoalveolar rather than skeletal changes. Our study showed no considerable difference between the two groups after using this appliance, and the difference in the Jarabak ratio indicated better long-term growth pattern of div 2 patients and its conformity with camouflage treatments (mild or moderate Class II).
The effect of adjunctive use of melatonin as a supplement on serum ferritin level in periodontal patients
Authors: Faramarzi Masoumeh , Sadighi Mehrnoosh , Chitsazi Mohammadtaghi , Esmailzadeh Mahdieh , Foladvand Ghazale 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Ferritin is an acute-phase protein that is increased in inflammatory diseases. Melatonin has been studied due to its antioxidant effects and the elimination of free radicals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplement as an adjunct to routine periodontal treatment on serum ferritin levels in patients with periodontitis.

Materials and Methods:
Forty patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this randomized controlled clinical trial study. Twenty patients received nonsurgical periodontal treatment and twenty patients received nonsurgical periodontal treatment with adjunctive use of melatonin. Serum ferritin concentrations and periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 months after periodontal therapy. Serum ferritin level and periodontal parameters comparison at baseline and 3 months after periodontal treatment was done by Wilcoxon signed-rank test and paired sample t-test, respectively. Differences between test and control groups were evaluated by Mann–Whitney U-test for ferritin level and independent t-test for periodontal parameters, and a P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Serum ferritin level decreased in both the control and test group in 3 months follow-up compared to baseline (P < 0.001). The reduction in ferritin levels in the test group was more than the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.414). Improvement in periodontal parameters were not significant between two groups (P = 0.489), but improvement rates in the test group were more than control.

Conclusion:
Melatonin, as an adjunct to periodontal therapy, showed additional benefits in the reduction of serum ferritin levels and improvement of periodontal parameters.
Anatomy assessment of permanent mandibular premolar teeth in a selected Iranian population using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Hasheminia Seyed Mohsen , Mehdizadeh Mojdeh , Bagherieh Shervin 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Appropriate cleaning and shaping and three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system lead to a successful endodontic treatment. To achieve this, complete knowledge of the internal anatomy of root canals is necessary. Therefore, this study evaluated the number and shape of mandibular premolar roots and canals and classified their Vertucci classification using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of an Iranian sample population.

Materials and Methods:
This in vivo study was performed on CBCT images of patients aged 20–70 years who had attended a dental radiology center in Isfahan. CBCT images were examined in coronal, sagittal, and especially axial dimensions. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Groups were compared using the Chi-square of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The level of significance was predetermined as 0.05.

Results:
In both first and second premolars, the most common classes were Type I followed by Type V. The Chi-square did not show significant differences between males and females in terms of Vertucci classes in the first (P = 0.305) or second premolar (P = 0.315).

Conclusion:
Since a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy is necessary for successful root canal treatment and almost one out of ten mandibular premolars has additional canal in their root canal system, accurate evaluating of preoperative radiographs, taking CBCT images if necessary, and probing the root canal system with fine and precurved files should be done to negotiate the entire canal system.
Knowledge and practice of Iranian prosthodontists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea: Design and development of a questionnaire
Authors: Niakan Somayeh , Shamshiri Ahmadreza , Davoodi Mojgan , Allahyari Somayeh 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The present study was conducted to develop a standard questionnaire to assess the knowledge and practice of prosthodontists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA).

Materials and Methods:
This study had questionnaire designing and cross-sectional-descriptive phases. Questionnaire domains were identified by a panel of eight experts. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was assessed by experts and four laypeople. The internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Moreover, its stability was tested using the test–retest method. The questionnaire was completed online by 282 Iranian prosthodontists and the relationship between different variables and scores of knowledge and practice of them with simple and multiple linear regression tests was were analyzed.

Results:
A 32-item questionnaire was designed. The Scale Content Validity Index was >0.8 for clarity, simplicity, and necessity in all domains and the content validity of all questions was above 0.8. As for reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.7 on average. Faculty members had more knowledge (P = 0.04) and better practice (P = 0.001) compared to others. Prosthodontists who participated in sleep disorders training courses had higher scores in knowledge (P = 0.001) and practice (P = 0.001). Prosthodontists who referred patients to sleep disorders clinics had higher knowledge (P = 0.001) and practice (P = 0.001) than those who did not.

Conclusion:
The questionnaire developed in this study can be considered a comprehensive and executable scale with appropriate reliability and validity. There is a positive relationship between being exposed to information and the level of knowledge and practice of prosthodontists about OSA.
Clinical, histological, and histomorphometrical comparison of CenoBone® with and without plasma rich in growth factor for edentulous ridge preservation in the dental sockets
Authors: Keshavarzi Farshad , Ahrari Fateme , Seyedmajidi Maryam , Ziaei Maryam , Bijani Ali , Jenabian Niloofar 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical, histological, and histomorphometrical outcomes of CenoBone® allograft with and without plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) for the preservation of edentulous ridge in the dental sockets.

Materials and Methods:
This study is experimental clinical trial that 14 dental sockets were included the sockets required ridge preservation followed by implant placement in the premolar and molar of the mandible. After extraction of the teeth, the CenoBone® allograft and PRGF were used in the test group and CenoBone® allograft was used alone in the control group. During the first stage of surgery and 5 months later, in the second stage of surgery (implant placement), the vertical changes of the ridge were measured. Furthermore, using Core-Biopsy in the second stage of surgery, criteria of histologic and histomorphometric were determined. Data were analyzed with t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Fisher's exact test at the level of significance of P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean trabecular thickness in the test group (52.18 ± 5.53) was significantly higher than that in the control group (41.53 ± 10.40) (P = 0.344). However, there were no significant differences in the mean values of vertical bone absorption, bone percentage, remaining biomaterials, inflammation, and blood vessels between the two groups. There was no case of foreign body reaction and the bone was vital in all the cases and in direct contact with the biomaterial.

Conclusion:
Although CenoBone® allograft with PRGF was effective in some histomorphometric factors such as trabecular thickness, it did not lead to significant clinical changes.
Effect of sodium ascorbate on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to bleached enamel using universal dental adhesive
Authors: Sadeghian Saeid , Fathpour Kamyar , Biglari Mahshid 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bleaching agent, sodium ascorbate as an antioxidant, and delay time on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel using Transbond XT and universal adhesive.

Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro experimental study, 80 extracted maxillary premolars without any defect or decay were randomly divided into eight groups of 1: no bleaching + Transbond XT (NB/TX) bonding agent, 2: no bleaching + All-Bond Universal (NB/AB), 3: bleaching + Transbond XT (B/TX), 4: bleaching + All-Bond Universal (B/AB), 5: bleaching + sodium ascorbate + Transbond XT (B/SA/TX), 6: bleaching + sodium ascorbate + All-Bond Universal (B/SA/AB), 7: bleaching + Transbond XT after a 3-week delay (B/3W/TX), and 8: bleaching + All-Bond Universal after a 3-week delay (B/3W/AB). After thermocycling (1000 cycles, 5–55°C), the SBS was measured, and the adhesive remnant index scores were determined to assess the failure mode. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Tamhane's post hoc test, Kruskal–Wallis, and Mann–Whitney U-test at the significance level of P < 0.05.

Results:
The mean SBS range was 5.5–29.78 MPa. The highest SBS values were related to Group 2 (NB/AB) which were significantly higher than all groups (P < 0.05) and the lowest values were observed in Group 5 (B/SA/TX) which were significantly lower than all groups except Group 3 (B/TX) (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide significantly decreased the SBS of orthodontic brackets, and 10% sodium ascorbate could not reverse the adverse effect of bleaching on SBS. Delaying the bonding procedure by 3 weeks using Universal adhesive considerably decreased the adverse effect of bleaching on SBS and increased the SBS to a clinically acceptable level for orthodontic treatment.
Performance of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of chest pain patients in the emergency department
Authors: Ginoya Sonal Kaushal , Parikh Samira N. 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To compare the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) of patients with chest pain in the emergency department at a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad, a city in western India.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted on chest pain patients from January to December 2019. All adult patients with non-traumatic chest pain presenting to the emergency department were included, and their HEART and TIMI scores were evaluated. The patients were followed up within 4 weeks for monitoring any major adverse cardiac events or death. The receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to determine the value of HEART and TIMI scores in predicting MACEs. Besides, the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the two scores were assessed and compared.

Results:
A total of 350 patients were evaluated [mean age (55.03±16.6) years, 56.6% of males]. HEART score had the highest predictive value of MACEs with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98, followed by the TIMI score with an AUC of 0.92. HEART score had the highest specificity of 98.0% (95% CI: 96.4%-99.6%), the sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI: 70.7%-79.3%), and PPV of 97.0% (95% CI: 94.1%-99.9%) and NPV of 82.5% (95% CI: 74.6%-90.4%) for low-risk patients. TIMI score had a specificity of 95.0% (95% CI: 92.4%-97.6%), sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI: 69.4%-80.6%), PPV of 92.3% (95% CI: 88.1%-96.5%) and NPV of 82.3% (95% CI: 73.8%-90.8%) for low-risk patients.

Conclusions:
HEART score is an easier and more practical triage instrument to identify chest pain patients with low-risk for MACEs compared to TIMI score. Patients with high HEART scores have a higher risk of MACEs and require early therapeutic intervention and aggressive management.
The role of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in male infertility: A scoping review
Authors: Kaya Cakir Hacer , Eroglu Onur 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To give a brief overview of the field of epigenetics and the potential predictive power that small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) may hold in relation to improving the treatment and diagnosis of male infertility.

Methods:
PRISMA-ScR was used as the scoping review guideline for this investigation. All article data here have been accessed from MEDLINE–PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar. The terms "small non coding RNA, male, infertility, miRNA, sperm" were used in the search between 2015 and 2023.

Results:
The study comprised 35 publications in total. Several sncRNAs, miR-155, miR-16, miR-196, miR-525-3p, miR-891 were found to be effective in regulating the mechanism of spermatozoa processing in the infertility of men. sncRNA can be used as a biomarker of male infertility.

Conclusions:
sncRNAs can act as biomarkers for the diagnosis of reproductive diseases. Actually, by recognizing sncRNAs and their mechanisms, a new way to treat infertile men would be paved. The functional annotation of sncRNAs in spermatogenesis is still in its infancy but has enormous potential. This is despite the fact that many potential sncRNAs have been found to date with the use of cutting-edge technology and publicly accessible sncRNA annotation tools.
Reproductive outcomes of water pipe smoking: A scoping review
Authors: Rostami Sahar , Fereidouni Farzane , Maleki-Hajiagha Arezoo , Motaharinejad Mohadese , Majidi Somayye , Amidi Fardin 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
To present an overview of the adverse effects of water pipe smoking on various aspects of reproduction and perinatal complications, covering all the most relevant studies, from descriptive findings to clinical trials.

Methods:
We reviewed the literature and included full publications in English provided by international biomedical databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library over the last 38 years (May 1985 to June 2023). Search terms (Water pipe, Narghile, Shisha, Dokha, etc., and Reproduction, Fertility, etc.) were adopted from Medical Subheading (MeSH) and Boolean operators were utilized to improve sensitivity.

Results:
133 Papers were identified in the initial search, of which 29 were excluded due to duplication. Eliminating search overlap and irrelevant records by reviewing titles and abstracts reduced 42 papers. 62 Full-publication articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effects of waterpipe smoke exposure on reproductive health based on three main categories: male and female fertility, fetal and neonatal outcomes, and pregnancy complications.

Conclusions:
Water pipe smoking has potential adverse effects on different aspects of human reproductive health, including semen parameters, male and female fertility, and fetal and neonatal health, and contributes to many maternal complications and morbidities.
Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: An ongoing concern
Authors: Alrajhi Nuha Nasser 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 rapidly spread across the globe causing over 6 million deaths and major compromization of health facilities. The vast majority of survivors post-COVID-19 are left with variable degrees of health sequelae including pulmonary, neurological, psychological, and cardiovascular complications. Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is one of the major concerns arising after the recovery from this pandemic. Risk factors for post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis include age, male sex, and the severity of COVID-19 disease. High-resolution computed tomography provides diagnostic utility to diagnose pulmonary fibrosis as it provides more details regarding the pattern and the extent of pulmonary fibrosis. Emerging data showing similarities between post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, finding that needs further exploration. The management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis depends on many factors but largely relies on excluding other causes of pulmonary fibrosis, the extent of fibrosis, and physiological impairment. Treatment includes immunosuppressants versus antifibrotics or both.
Red blood cell distribution width at diagnosis as a predictor factor in chronic phase-chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Abdul-Latif Raghad Nabeel , Khalaf Asaad A. , Aqabi Adel S. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is a hematological disorder of stem cells resulting from uncontrolled and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), therapy has dramatically improved survival in these patients. TKIs treatment targeting BCR-ABL significantly improves the prognosis of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. To date, the validity of scoring systems is insufficient for predicting prognosis, and there are few studies of scoring systems for predicting treatment response and clinical efficacy of TKIs.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to predict treatment response in chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase (CP) patients treated with first-generation TKI.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A prospective and retroprospective cohort study was conducted on chronic myeloid leukemia-CP patients treated with first-generation TKI at Iraqi Hematological Centers. The collection period was from December 2020 to November 2021. Patients were treated with first-generation TKIs as initial therapy and were followed up to assess the response by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assessment of RDW was done at baseline and then at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after initiation of therapy.

RESULTS:
There were 150 patients included in this study. The mean age of patients was 43.7 ± 14 years (range: 18–84 years). Males were representing 48.6% and females 51.3%. The classification of baseline RDW showed that the majority of patients (53%) had high RDW. The RDW showed significant change over time, in which, it was significantly decreasing over time (P < 0.05). Association between PCR over time and baseline RDW category showed that the high baseline RDW was associated with higher mean PCR at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months (P < 0.05). The correlation between RDW at baseline and PCR at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months showed that there was a significant positive weak correlation between baseline RDW and PCR at 6, 12, and 18 months. The association between baseline RDW and the response showed that high baseline RDW was associated with higher failure rate at 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:
RDW could be used in the prediction of response to treatment. Furthermore, high RDW showed significant association with high disease activity score, high white blood cell count, and lower hemoglobin, in addition to association and correlation with PCR level.
The Impact of the FertiStrong Mobile Application on Anxiety and Depression in Men: A Randomised Control Pilot Study
Authors: Domar Alice D. , Jasulaitis Lauren , Matevossian Karine , Jasulaitis Sue , Grill Elizabeth A. , Meike L. Uhler 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Male factor accounts for up to half of all cases of infertility. Previously, research has focused on the psychological effects of infertility on female partners, but recent studies show negative consequences on male patients as well. Despite evidence that men are affected by infertility, there is limited studies focusing on coping methods for them.

Aims:
Determine if a cognitive-behavioral and relaxation mobile application, targeted at men experiencing infertility, could lead to decreases in psychological distress.

Settings and Design:
Randomized controlled.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-nine men participated in a randomized pilot study of the FertiStrong application. Participants completed a demographic form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Fertility Problem Inventory (FPI) at baseline and one month follow-up. The intervention group downloaded the FertiStrong application and used it when needed. Control participants received routine infertility care.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Normally distributed data is presented as mean+/- SD; Differences in proportions were tested using Chi-square test and within group comparison were performed using paired t-test.

Results:
One participant was excluded, resulting in 38 participants, 19 in each group. There were no baseline differences in demographic characteristics (P>0.31). For the HADS anxiety domain, the control group had a small increase between baseline and follow up, while the intervention group had a small decrease. For the HADS depression domain, there was a slight increase in the controls. For the FPI, the control group had a two-point increase, from moderately stressed to extremely high while the intervention group had a five-point decrease, from extremely high to moderately high, but was not significant. Each FPI domain-specific score in the intervention group decreased and one, Rejection of Childfree lifestyle, was significant (P=0.03). The increase in stress level was significantly greater in the control group (P<0.02).

Conclusion:
Recruitment was challenging due to the short recruitment phase and the sample size was smaller than planned. However, there were several significant improvements noted in the intervention group and on all testing, the intervention group trended to less distress. More research is needed on convenient interventions for men experiencing infertility.