bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine affects the signaling of the death pathway, reducing the response of head and neck cancer cell lines to DNA damaging agents
Authors: Onoda Naoyoshi , Nehmi Alisar , Weiner David , Mujumdar Sunita , Christen Randolph , Los Gerrit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that tobacco can affect the responsiveness of cancer cells to treatment, particularly those of head and neck cancer. This article describes the effects of nicotine on the signaling of the death pathway, resulting in a decreased cytotoxicity of various anticancer agents such as cisplatin and gamma‐radiation.MethodsColony‐forming assays (CFA), using the head and neck cancer cell lines UMSCC10b and UMSCC5 and DNA fragmentation assays, were used to determine the effect of nicotine on cytotoxicity of various anticancer agents, whereas PCR and a JNK activity test were used to study the effect of nicotine on message expression levels and activity of the JNK signaling pathway.ResultsNicotine consistently reduced the cytotoxic effect of DNA‐damaging agents, such as cisplatin, UV, and gamma radiation, in UMSCC10b cells, increasing their IC50 values by twofold, 1.7‐fold, and 1.8‐fold, respectively. These results were confirmed in a second squamous cell carcinoma cell line (UMSCC5), demonstrating an increase in IC50 values for cDDP by twofold and 1.9‐fold in the UMSCC10b andUMSCC5, respectively. In addition, nicotine reduced the DNA fragmentation 48 h after cDDP exposure in UMSCC10b and UMSCC5 cell lines by 30% and 33%, respectively. The latter, however, was not the result of an effect of nicotine on either the uptake of cDDP or repair of the cDDP‐DNA‐adducts. To further substantiate the adverse effect of nicotine, the JNK and gadd153 signaling pathways were studied. JNK activity was decreased by 1.8‐fold, as well as the expression of its downstream target c‐jun (1.9‐fold), when tumor cells were exposed to cisplatin in the presence of nicotine. In addition, the gadd153 message was affected and reduced by 1.8‐fold.ConclusionsNicotine adversely affects the cytotoxicity of DNA‐damaging agents. Nicotine does not interfere with the repair of the damage but directly affects the signaling of the death pathway, reducing the signaling of the JNK1 pathway. The latter results in a decrease in efficacy of the anticancer treatment in tumors exposed to nicotine. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 860–870, 2001.
Management of swallowing in supraglottic and extended supraglottic laryngectomy patients
Authors: Wasserman Tamara , Murry Thomas , Johnson Jonas T. , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundAspiration of food and liquid following supraglottic and supracricoid laryngectomy has been documented and found to be the most frequent major postoperative complication that extends hospitalization. The advantages as well as disadvantages of discharging a patient with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement and home therapy versus an aggressive in‐hospital dysphagia management program remain controversial. The present investigation examines an aggressive in‐patient postoperative dysphagia management program following decannulation.MethodsTwenty‐one patients participated in a four‐part dysphagia management program following decannulation: patient education, indirect therapy, swallowing evaluation, and nutrition education.ResultsEleven patients achieved functional swallowing goals prior to discharge with no reports of pneumonia or rehospitalization over a 3‐month follow‐up period. Six patients were discharged with a tracheostomy and duo tube; five of these patients were started on an oral diet the same day of decannulation. Four patients decannulated prior to discharge did not achieve functional swallowing.ConclusionCertain patients can achieve functional swallowing goals prior to discharge and avoid the cost and surgical placement of a PEG. This group required an additional 2 to 3 days of hospitalization; however, the usual and customary charges for aggressive dysphagia management in this group were exceeded by charges for PEG placement and in‐home therapy according to pricing guidelines for the hospital where these patients were treated. Specific patient profiles of those who were unsuccessful relate to extent of surgery, ie, supraglottic + base of tongue (SUPRA + BOT) and supraglottic + vocal fold (SUPRA + VF) resection, and non‐compliance. Complicated patients often require longer rehabilitation and may benefit from a PEG at the time of surgery. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1043–1048, 2001.
Dorsal hippocampal kindling selectively impairs spatial learning/short‐term memory
Authors: Hannesson D.K. , Mohapel P. , Corcoran M.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractKindling with electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus has been shown to disrupt spatial task performance in rats. The present study investigated the specificity of this effect in terms of the possible contribution of nonmnemonic effects, the presence of a more general mnemonic deficit, and the involvement of learning/short‐term memory and/or long‐term memory processes. Rats were fully kindled with stimulation of the dorsal hippocampus and subsequently tested for acquisition, 7‐day retention, and 28‐day retention of a hidden platform (HP) location in the Morris water maze and an object discrimination problem in a modified water maze. To control for nonmnemonic behavioral impairments, testing on both tasks was preceded by training on visible platform control tasks. Kindling impaired acquisition of the HP location but spared performance on all other aspects of testing, indicating a specific impairment of spatial learning/short‐term memory. These results suggest that epileptogenesis induced by hippocampal stimulation is indeed associated with a selective disruption of the mechanisms mediating spatial learning/short‐term memory. Hippocampus 2001;11:275–286. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential benefits of increased application of water to paddy fields in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chuan , Kan Chun‐E. , Lin Gwo‐Fong , Chiu Chao‐Lin , Lee Yuan‐Chuan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential benefits of increased application of water to paddy fields in Taiwan are investigated in this paper. A conceptual model is used to represent the hydrological system of the paddy field. A technique is presented to estimate the parameters of the model. Field experiments also are performed for parameter estimation and model verification. The simulated results are in good agreement with the observed during model verification. With parameters estimated from the field data, the model is used to simulate the effects of applying water beyond current practice. The simulation results show that the downward percolation increases when the irrigation water increases. However, the percolation reaches a capacity rate no matter how large the amount of water applied. This phenomenon results from the existence of a hard layer below the paddy field. The effects of raising the height of levees around paddy fields are also studied. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the infant's ability to retrieve food through a slit
Authors: Achard Bénédicte , von Hofsten Claes 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study is to explore infants' ability to comprehend task manipulation, and whether they can feed themselves with a spoon when food has to be retrieved through a slit in a lid placed over a plate. To access the food, the infant has to align the bowl of the spoon with the slit. The orientation of the slit is manipulated, and certain orientations require more elaborate modifications of the feeding action than others. The infants are observed at monthly intervals, from 12 to 17 months of age. The presence of the lid affects the behaviour of the infants at all ages. Some behaviours become more immature. The infants grasp the spoon with more primitive grasp configurations, they grasp the spoon less consistently at the top of the handle, and they orient the spoon less consistently, with its bowl facing upwards. These differences decrease with age. The infants also make attempts to adjust to the constraints of the task, mainly by inclining the spoon more vertically, and rotating the hand in such a way as to align the spoon with the orientation of the slit. These adjustments improve with age. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation between theory of mind and rule use: evidence from persons with autism‐spectrum disorders
Authors: David Zelazo Philip , Jacques Sophie , Burack Jacob A. , Frye Douglas 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCognitive complexity and control (CCC) theory, which is a theory of executive function and its development, provides a metric for comparing task demands across domains. This metric allowed us to examine the relation between theory of mind (ToM) and one aspect of executive function, rule use, in 22 individuals with autism‐spectrum disorders, including 12 severely impaired (VIQ⩽40; mean VMA=4.07 years; mean CA=17.47) and 10 mildly impaired (VIQ>40; mean VMA=6.15 years; mean CA=10.30) individuals. For severely impaired individuals, ToM performance was unrelated to rule use,r=−0.40,p>0.05). However, for mildly impaired individuals, the correlation between ToM and rule use was high,r=0.82,p<0.01). This latter finding challenges the hypothesis of a domain‐specific, ToM module, and suggests instead that poor performance on ToM tasks may be attributed to a more general difficulty using higher order rules to integrate 2 incompatible perspectives into a single system of inferences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The new EC law on bank crisis
Authors: Galanti Enrico 
Published: August 2002

AbstractI. The long preparatory works. II. Legal basis and subjective scope. III. The objective scope. IV. The unity principle and the information of the competent authorities. V. The universality principle and its exceptions. VI. Set‐off, rights in re and reservation of title. VII. Publication and information duties. Remedies and lawsuits pending. VIII. Other provisions on winding‐up and terms of implementation. IX. Conclusion. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary intake of folic acid and colorectal cancer risk in a cohort of women
Authors: Terry Paul , Jain Meera , Miller Anthony B. , Howe Geoffrey R. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFolate is crucial for normal DNA methylation, synthesis and repair, and deficiency of this nutrient is hypothesized to lead to cancer through disruption of these processes. There is some evidence to suggest that relatively high dietary folate intake might be associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, especially among individuals with low methionine intake. A case‐cohort analysis was undertaken within the cohort of 56,837 women who were enrolled in the Canadian National Breast Screening Study and who completed a self‐administered dietary questionnaire. During follow‐up to the end of 1993, a total of 389 women were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, identified by linkage to the Canadian Cancer Database. For comparative purposes, a subcohort of 5,681 women was randomly selected from the full dietary cohort at baseline. After exclusions for various reasons, the analyses were based on 295 cases and 5,334 non‐cases. Folate intake was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (IRR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–1.1, p for trend = 0.25). The inverse association was essentially similar among individuals with low and high methionine intake, and was similar for colon and rectal cancers when those endpoints were analyzed separately. Among individuals with low methionine intake, folate intake did not appear to lower the risk of rectal cancer, a finding that may be due, in part, to the low number of cases in the subgroup analysis. Overall, our data lend some support to the hypothesis that high folate intake is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of cyclinD1 predicts for poor prognosis in estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Umekita Yoshihisa , Ohi Yasuyo , Sagara Yoshiatsu , Yoshida Hiroki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCyclinD1 plays a critical role in regulating cell cycle progression. CyclinD1 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in approximately 50% of primary breast cancer cases. However, its clinical significance as a predictive factor remains unclear. One hundred and seventy‐three female patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma who had undergone a mastectomy (161 patients) or breast‐conserving surgery (12 patients) were followed up for 6–119 months (median 86 months) postoperatively. Immunoreactivity for monoclonal anti‐cyclinD1 antibody (clone DCS‐6) with paraffin‐embedded carcinoma tissues was investigated using a labeled streptavidin‐biotin method. Overexpression of cyclinD1 was found in 42% (73 of 173), and strongly correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (p< 0.000001). Univariate analysis revealed no association between overexpression of cyclinD1 and overall survival or relapse‐free survival in all patient groups. However, in the ER‐negative subgroup (n= 75), overexpression of cyclinD1 was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (p= 0.018) and relapse‐free survival (p= 0.014) as well as the lymph node status and tumor size. In contrast, there were no significant associations between overexpression of cyclinD1 and clinical outcome in the ER‐positive subgroup. According to Cox's multivariate analysis in the ER‐negative subgroup, overexpression of cyclinD1 had the most significant effect on overall survival (p= 0.02) and relapse‐free survival (p= 0.0058), followed by nodal status and histologic grade. These findings suggest that overexpression of cyclinD1 is an independent prognostic indicator in ER‐negative breast cancer patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiology of reproductive and hormonal factors in thyroid cancer: Evidence from a case‐control study in the Middle East
Authors: Memon Anjum , Darif Mohamed , Al‐Saleh Khalid , Suresh Ajitha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThyroid cancer is the second most common neoplasm among women in Kuwait and several other countries in the Middle East. Most of these countries also have relatively high birth and total fertility rates. To examine potential relationships between reproductive and hormonal factors and thyroid cancer, we conducted a population‐based case‐control interview study among 238 women diagnosed with thyroid cancer and a similar number of individually matched controls in Kuwait. Among the demographic variables, women with 12+ years of education had a significantly reduced risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.8; p‐trend <0.05). The average age at diagnosis (±SD) of thyroid cancer was 34.7 ± 11 years. Events such as age at menarche, pregnancy, menopausal status and age at menopause were not associated with thyroid cancer. There was an association with age at last pregnancy and parity. Women who had their last pregnancy at ages ≥30 years were at a significantly increased risk (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.8); there was also a significant trend in risk with increasing age at last pregnancy. There was a modest increase in risk among women who had borne ≥5 children (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 0.9–2.5). A joint analysis of these factors showed that childbearing during the latter half of reproductive life had a substantial effect on the incidence of thyroid cancer; for any given level of parity, there was about a 2‐fold increased risk if the age at last pregnancy was ≥30 years. A substantial recent‐birth effect, in relation to subsequent diagnosis of thyroid cancer, was observed during the second and third year after a birth (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0–4.1). In contrast, spontaneous abortion seemed to have a protective effect. There was a significant decrease in risk among women who had a miscarriage as outcome of first pregnancy (OR = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.03–0.4) and those who had experienced ≥3 miscarriages (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.8; p‐trend <0.05). Overall, any female hormone use was not associated with thyroid cancer risk. New association is suggested for a history of post‐partum thyroiditis (OR = 10.2; 95% CI: 2.3–44.8). These data support the hypothesis that reproductive factors and patterns may influence, or contribute to, the risk of thyroid cancer among women. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turning transnational: notes on the theorisation of international migration
Authors: Bailey Adrian J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper takes stock of transnational perspectives on international migration. Transnationalism concerns itself with social processes that are both rooted in, and transcend, nations. While more generally referring to complex economic, cultural and political relations, I focus on scholarship that describes how migrants contribute to the daily life of emerging transnational communities. I argue that poststructural readings of transnationalism have opened the way for accounts of international migration under globalisation. However, key questions of migrant agency and hybridity remain under‐theorised. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential of postcolonial theorisations of international migration. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of shadows in stance recovery
Authors: Bruckstein Alfred M. , Holt Robert J. , Jean Yves D. , Netravali Arun N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe image of an object and of the shadow it casts on a planar surface provides important cues for three‐dimensional (3D) stance recovery. We assume that the position of the plane on which the shadow lies with respect to a pinhole camera is known and that the position of the light source is unknown. If the light source is sufficiently far away that parallel projection may be assumed, then knowledge of two point correspondences between images of feature points and images of their shadows is enough to determine the position of the object and the direction of the light source. If the light source is close enough that the shadow points are obtained via perspective projection, then there is a one‐parameter infinite family of solutions for the position of the object and the light source. Determining the stance of an object is highly sensitive to noise, so we provide algorithms for stance recovery that take into account known information about the object. In our experiments, the errors for the location of the 3D feature points obtained by these algorithms are generally less than 0.2% times the error in pixels in the image points and the errors for the 3D directions of the links is roughly 0.04° times the error in pixels, normalized by the distance to the object from the camera and the length of the link. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 315–330, 2000
Assessment of the caregiving environment and infant functioning in polydrug families: Use of a Structured Clinical Interview
Authors: Platzman Kathleen A. , Coles Claire D. , Lynch Mary Ellen , Bard Kim A. , Brown Josephine V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA Structured Clinical Interview (SCI) was used to assess both proximal characteristics of the rearing environments of prenatally polydrug exposed infants in a low SES sample and infant behavioral characteristics (e.g., feeding, sleeping, self‐regulation). The 95‐item questionnaire systematized collection of developmental history and caregiving environment for 132 infant–caregiver dyads who were seen for follow‐up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Outcome data were indexed in five theoretically based areas: Caregiving Instability, Problems with Social Routine, Dysregulation, Infant Feeding Problems and Infant Sleeping Problems. Main effects were found in the Caregiving Instability and Sleeping Problems Index scores for drug exposure but not gestational age. Chronological age and drug interactions were found for Feeding Problems and Sleeping Problems Index scores, with those in the drug group having persistent difficulties in these areas. Additionally, there was a term and drug interaction effect in the Problems with Social Routine Index. In all of these areas, prenatal drug exposure was associated with less optimal scores. The SCI proved to be a useful tool in studying this high‐risk population and may be useful in research and clinical settings. Future instrument development is planned. © 2001 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Recent modelling of sedimentation of suspended particles: a survey1
Authors: Boogerd P. , Scarlett B. , Brouwer R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent literature on modelling of sedimentation was studied. Attention was paid to hydrodynamics, numerical simulation, settling velocity models, sediment and velocity distribution functions, and sediment transport equations. Many popular theories, e.g. those regarding stratification and preferential sweeping, are under discussion. The traditional view that large‐scale, energy‐containing fluid motions dominate the transport of particles is found to be under attack, as is the modification of the von Karman coefficient to account for the presence of sediment.It is unclear which model for hindered settling should be used under what circumstances, and the effect of particle distribution cannot yet be calculated. Even the most basic problems, such as settling of multiple and/or non‐spherical particles in a quiescent liquid, still require research.In the field of sediment distribution functions new solutions are still not entirely satisfactory. Furthermore, the predictive value of transport rate models is still rather low, and several popular sediment transport functions consistently allow more degradation than aggradation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simulation model for design and evaluation of micro‐irrigation systems
Authors: Pedras C.M.G. , Pereira L.S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe rational use and conservation of water resources require that irrigation performance, including emission uniformity, be as high as possible. Simulation models can help achieve these objectives. The AVALOC model has been developed for design and performance analysis of microirrigation systems, adopting the sector as the unit for analysis. The model works with the Windows operating system and is explored interactively through a simple dialogue structure consisting of a sequence of user‐friendly interfaces. Model computations are supported by a database containing updated information on the emitters and pipes available on the market, and where the information relative to the sectors being designed or evaluated is stored. The databases allow easy introduction, visualization and correction of data through a user‐friendly menu. In the design mode, the model provides for the selection of pipes and emitters that permit the attainment of the target performance, including emitter discharge uniformity. In the performance analysis mode, a hydraulics simulation is executed and several system performance parameters are then computed. The simulation can be performed using data created during design or data collected from field system evaluation. The present paper describes the main features of the model and shows a design example applied to an olive orchard. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.