bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fear of Missing Organisms (FOMO): the discordance among broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy, microbiologic results, and definitive antibiotic therapy for diabetic foot infections and lower extremity osteomyelitis
Authors: Morelli Morgan K. , Son Andrea H. , Bitar Yanis , Hecker Michelle T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective:
Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is commonly prescribed for patients hospitalized with diabetic foot infections (DFI) and lower extremity osteomyelitis (OM). The primary objective was to evaluate the concordance between empiric antibiotic therapy, microbiologic results, and definitive antibiotic therapy with a focus on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and resistant gram-negative organisms. The secondary objective was to evaluate the negative predictive values (NPV) of select risk factors for MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms for microbiologic results with these organisms.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Safety-net health system in Ohio.

Patients:
Adults hospitalized and receiving antibiotic therapy for DFI or lower extremity OM in 2021.

Results:
For 259 unique patients, empiric therapies with activity against MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms were administered to 224 (86.5%) and 217 (83.8%) patients, respectively. Definitive therapies with activity against MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms were administered to 91 (35%) and 74 (28.6%) patients, respectively. Of 234 patients with microbiologic testing, 29 (12.4%) had positive cultures with MRSA and 41 (17.5%) with resistant gram-negative organisms. The NPVs of risk factors for MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms for the absence of these organisms in culture were 91% and 85%, respectively.

Conclusions:
For patients hospitalized with DFI and lower extremity OM, our data suggest opportunities for substantial reductions in empiric therapies with activity against MRSA and resistant gram-negative organisms. The absence of risk factors for these organisms was reasonably good at predicting negative cultures with these organisms.
Boolean percolation on digraphs and random exchange processes
Authors: Braun Georg 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study in a general graph-theoretic formulation a long-range percolation model introduced by Lamperti [27]. For various underlying digraphs, we discuss connections between this model and random exchange processes. We clarify, for all
$n \in \mathbb{N}$
, under which conditions the lattices
$\mathbb{N}_0^n$
and
$\mathbb{Z}^n$
are essentially covered in this model. Moreover, for all
$n \geq 2$
, we establish that it is impossible to cover the directed n-ary tree in our model.
Worldmaking in the Hijaz: Muslims between South Asian and Soviet Visions of Managing Difference, 1919–1926
Authors: Bar Sadeh Roy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBetween the end of World War I and the Mecca World Muslim Congress of 1926, Soviet officials and Indian Muslim thinkers imagined the possibilities of a post-imperial world through the Hijaz. The All-India Khilafat Committee (AIKC; established 1919), an organization led by prominent Indian Muslim thinkers, and the Soviet Union promoted competing projects to protect the Hijaz, home to some of Islam’s holiest shrines, against European imperialism. Yet, far from limiting themselves to the question of who should rule the Hijaz, the AIKC and the Soviet state engaged in broader debates about religious and social difference, sovereignty, and minority rights. Whereas the AIKC imagined the Hijaz as an international Muslim republic and a place of refuge for Muslims worldwide, Soviet officials contended that the political future of Muslims should only be settled within the framework of ethno-territorial nation-states. Ironically, the programs of both the AIKC and the Soviet state denied the right of self-determination to Hijazis themselves, leaving the region’s inhabitants to choose between two forms of external oversight: a Soviet-supported Saudi ethno-territorialism or limited domestic autonomy under the management and inspection of an international Muslim Council. With very few exceptions, past scholarship on the Hijaz in this period has analyzed the region’s political fortunes through Saudi statecraft or European colonial influence. However, Soviet and Indian Muslim experimental engagement with the Hijaz ultimately proved just as crucial to the consolidation of Saudi governance over the region. The article arrives at these novel insights by bringing rare Soviet archival documents together with the Urdu proceedings of the AIKC’s delegation to the Hijaz, as well as Arabic sources from the period in question.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis disease course in immunosuppressed populations
Authors: Erickson Ericka L , Freeman Taylor E , Sun Shuai , Koch Brandon , Allen David Z , Sethia Rishabh , deSilva Brad , Matrka Laura 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a benign manifestation of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 in the respiratory tract. Disease is recurrent, and factors predicting these recurrences and severity of disease are incompletely characterised. This retrospective cohort study examined the relationship of immunosuppression with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis morbidity.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 97 adult patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis treated at a tertiary referral centre from 2005 to 2020 was conducted. Measures assessed included inter-surgical interval, Voice Handicap Index (‘VHI-10’) and anatomical Derkay scores.ResultsBivariate analyses comparing average inter-surgical interval, Voice Handicap Index and Derkay scores in immunosuppressed and healthy patients were insignificant. When controlling for diabetes mellitus and comparing immunosuppressed to healthy patients, inter-surgical interval and Voice Handicap Index change were insignificant (p = 0.458 and p = 0.465, respectively).ConclusionRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis morbidity for immunosuppressed patients did not significantly differ from that of immunocompetent patients.
The Cretan way of war: status, violence and values from the Classical period to the Roman conquest
Authors: Lewis David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe tactics of Cretan citizen armies differed markedly from those utilized in most regions of the Classical and Hellenistic Greek world: instead of fighting in phalanxes, Cretans fought in open order, specializing in archery, skirmishing, ambushes and night actions. These tactics (and the cultural attitudes that went with them) were disparaged by mainland Greeks such as Polybios and explained in terms of moral deviancy: a sign of the duplicitous nature of the Cretans. This article demonstrates that these descriptions of Cretan tactics and behaviours are factual, but argues against the idea that they derive from moral deviancy. Rather, they represent the outcome of a different line of historical development than that followed in mainland Greece. Cretan tactics and attitudes stand far closer to those described by archaic poets (especially Homer, Archilochos and Kallinos); in this regard, Cretan city states displayed strong continuities with archaic social practices and values, detectable in other areas of Cretan society and culture. The stability of Cretan sociopolitical organization from the late seventh century down to the Roman conquest fostered the endurance of such practices and attitudes, leading to cultural divergence from mainland Greece and, accordingly, a generally hostile representation of Cretans in our main historiographical sources.
The coloniality of the religious terrorism thesis
Authors: Khan Rabea M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A dominant narrative, produced and reproduced especially by terrorism scholars, holds that terrorism in its worst form is religious. The most dangerous and non-negotiable form of terrorism, in other words, is the religious kind. At the same time, there is a recurring implication, proposed by many terrorism scholars and reflected in public discourse, that terrorism, no matter its official designation, is always inherently ‘religious’ or ‘religious-like’. Both this implication and the dominant narrative about the uniquely dangerous character of ‘religious terrorism’ – which I summarise as the Religious Terrorism Thesis – builds on colonial knowledge and assumptions about ‘religion’. Religion is also, as I argue, written into the category ‘terrorism’ and enables its negative discursive power and the colonial imagination of ‘terrorism’ as racialised and a system-threat to (Western) modernity. Terrorism, therefore, can never constitute a neutral signifier of a specific kind of political violence. Instead, it functions as a negative ideograph to Western societies, which means it functions to uphold the project of Western modernity/coloniality. The Religious Terrorism Thesis, which I identify as the foundation for the dominant discourse on terrorism today, is a crucial element of coloniality and justifies many controversial and contemporary counterterrorism practices.
Using SNP addresses for Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 in routine veterinary outbreak detection
Authors: Bettridge J. M. , Snow L. C. , Tang Y. , Petrovska L. , Lawes J. , Smith R. P. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
SNP addresses are a pathogen typing method based on whole-genome sequences (WGSs), assigning groups at seven different levels of genetic similarity. Public health surveillance uses it for several gastro-intestinal infections; this work trialled its use in veterinary surveillance for salmonella outbreak detection. Comparisons were made between temporal and spatio-temporal cluster detection models that either defined cases by their SNP address or by phage type, using historical data sets. Clusters of SNP incidents were effectively detected by both methods, but spatio-temporal models consistently detected these clusters earlier than the corresponding temporal models. Unlike phage type, SNP addresses appeared spatially and temporally limited, which facilitated the differentiation of novel, stable, or expanding clusters in spatio-temporal models. Furthermore, these models flagged spatio-temporal clusters containing only two to three cases at first detection, compared with a median of seven cases in phage-type models. The large number of SNP addresses will require automated methods to implement these detection models routinely. Further work is required to explore how temporal changes and different host species may impact the sensitivity and specificity of cluster detection. In conclusion, given validation with more sequencing data, SNP addresses are likely to be a valuable addition to early warning systems in veterinary surveillance.
Dilations and information flow axioms in categorical probability
Authors: Fritz Tobias , Gonda Tomáš , Houghton-Larsen Nicholas Gauguin , Lorenzin Antonio , Perrone Paolo , Stein Dario 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the positivity and causality axioms for Markov categories as properties of dilations and information flow and also develop variations thereof for arbitrary semicartesian monoidal categories. These help us show that being a positive Markov category is merely an additional property of a symmetric monoidal category (rather than extra structure). We also characterize the positivity of representable Markov categories and prove that causality implies positivity, but not conversely. Finally, we note that positivity fails for quasi-Borel spaces and interpret this failure as a privacy property of probabilistic name generation.
Efficient rectifier circuit operating at N78 and N79 sub-6 GHz 5G bands for microwave energy-harvesting and power transfer applications
Authors: Halimi Md. Ahsan , Khan Taimoor , Kishk Ahmed A. , Antar Yahia M.M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microwave energy-harvesting (MEH) and microwave power transfer (MPT) technologies have become the most emerging areas of research nowadays. The microwave rectifier circuit is the bottleneck of both the MEH and MPT systems. The efficiency of the system depends on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the rectifier. Due to the recent advancement of the fifth-generation communication system, it is desirable to propose an efficient rectifier operating at sub-6 GHz 5G bands. A dual-band rectifier circuit is designed and demonstrated for MEH/MPT purposes, specifically at sub-6 GHz 5G frequency bands. The dual-band matching is achieved by using a stepped impedance transmission line. The rectifier covers N78 (3.3–3.6 GHz) and N79 (4.8–5.0 GHz) bands. Peak PCE of 67.6% @ 3.5 GHz and 56.8% @ 4.9 GHz are achieved. For validation purpose, the rectifier is fabricated and characterized and measured results show good agreement with simulated results.
Different 2D and 3D mask constraints synthesis for large array pattern shaping
Authors: Abdulqader Ahmed Jameel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, different 2D and 3D mask styles for synthesizing large array pattern shaping to meet the requirements of modern applications are realized. The composition of the different beam pattern shaping is achieved by comparing the array factor with the proposed masks whose details (upper and lower borders) are predefined according to the designer. The generated pattern shapes are as follows: unscanned 2D single-pencil beam, scanned 2D pencil beam, 2D multi-beam scanning, 2D wide flat beam with little ripple, unscanned 3D single-pencil beam, 3D multi-beam scanning, and footprint (or contour) pattern for linear and planar arrays. The process of constructing these patterns is followed by predicting the amplitude-only weights (i.e., the phase weighting is considered zero in all computations) of the elements using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In all proposed masks, different sidelobe levels are controlled, ranging from −20 to −100 dB. Also, the radiated beamwidth is controlled, ranging from 0.1334 rad (7.6 deg.) to 0.4 rad (23 deg.). The analysis and construction of linear and planar array arrangements depend on the formulation of antenna array theory through the implementation of the proposed (estimated) equations using MATLAB code. The simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed methods in controlling the pattern shape according to the required modern trends.
LIFANA – toward developing a meal recommender system as a dietary support app for the elderly
Authors: Bohn Torsten , Ferrini Krizia , Stahl Christoph 
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Background: Though a variety of eHealth/mHealth dietary solutions exist, many are ill-adapted to the target population and local eating habits. A specific need exists for the elderly, a growing vulnerable population with limited digital literacy. The LIFANA project aimed at developing a mobile nutrition solution, i.e. a dietary meal-recommender app for personalized meal planning useful for the elderly. Methods: In addition to considering age, gender, and physical activity, the app assured sufficient intake of calories and proteins. The solution was optimized to consider local eating culture in Portugal (PT)/The Netherlands (NL) where it was tested. Recipes (>300) were included and aligned with national food composition dietary databases (FCDBs) to analyse their nutritional values for meal planning. Individual dietary preferences, food restrictions (i.e., allergies), and budget considerations were included in the user profile. The development process involved user integration, including focus groups and usability evaluations, followed by longer field trials in Portugal (n=53 participants, age 60–81 y, 14 months) and the Netherlands (n=107, age 52–86 y, 3 months). Endpoints regarding acceptance/usage frequency, anthropometric measures and (in PT) blood pressure and body fat were collected. Results: 23/34 elderly finalized the trials in PT/NL. No significant changes in anthropometry or other assessed markers, including blood pressure, were observed. 9% (NL) and 47% (PT) of users reported that they would consider using the solution if it were on the market. Conclusions: Via an iterative adaptive process, a dietary app was developed and improved that demonstrated acceptance/user-friendliness comparable to other tools available on the market and allowed – despite the COVID crisis – for stable anthropometric markers and blood pressure. However, it was also observed that additional features, such as a link to an online shopping app, and closer personal follow-up was associated with increased usability and acceptance of the solution and thus further personalization and nudges are warranted to increase employment of such dietary apps.
Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment
Authors: Buri Pascal , Fatichi Simone , Shaw Thomas E. , Miles Evan S. , McCarthy Michael J. , Fyffe Catriona L. , Fugger Stefan , Ren Shaoting , Kneib Marin , Jouberton Achille , Steiner Jakob , Fujita Koji , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh Mountain Asia (HMA) is among the most vulnerable water towers globally and yet future projections of water availability in and from its high‐mountain catchments remain uncertain, as their hydrologic response to ongoing environmental changes is complex. Mechanistic modeling approaches incorporating cryospheric, hydrological, and vegetation processes in high spatial, temporal, and physical detail have never been applied for high‐elevation catchments of HMA. We use a land surface model at high spatial and temporal resolution (100 m and hourly) to simulate the coupled dynamics of energy, water, and vegetation for the 350 km2 Langtang catchment (Nepal). We compare our model outputs for one hydrological year against a large set of observations to gain insight into the partitioning of the water balance at the subseasonal scale and across elevation bands. During the simulated hydrological year, we find that evapotranspiration is a key component of the total water balance, as it causes about the equivalent of 20% of all the available precipitation or 154% of the water production from glacier melt in the basin to return directly to the atmosphere. The depletion of the cryospheric water budget is dominated by snow melt, but at high elevations is primarily dictated by snow and ice sublimation. Snow sublimation is the dominant vapor flux (49%) at the catchment scale, accounting for the equivalent of 11% of snowfall, 17% of snowmelt, and 75% of ice melt, respectively. We conclude that simulations should consider sublimation and other evaporative fluxes explicitly, as otherwise water balance estimates can be ill‐quantified.
Impact of Legislated and Best Available Emission Control Measures on UK Particulate Matter Pollution, Premature Mortality, and Nitrogen‐Sensitive Habitats
Authors: Marais Eloise A. , Kelly Jamie M. , Vohra Karn , Li Yifan , Lu Gongda , Hina Naila , Rowe Ed C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPast emission controls in the UK have substantially reduced precursor emissions of health‐hazardous fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen pollution detrimental to ecosystems. Still, 79% of the UK exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline for annual mean PM2.5 of 5 μg m−3 and there is no enforcement of controls on agricultural sources of ammonia (NH3). NH3 is a phytotoxin and an increasingly large contributor to PM2.5 and nitrogen deposited to sensitive habitats. Here we use emissions projections, the GEOS‐Chem model, high‐resolution data sets, and contemporary exposure‐risk relationships to assess potential human and ecosystem health co‐benefits in 2030 relative to the present day of adopting legislated or best available emission control measures. We estimate that present‐day annual adult premature mortality attributable to exposure to PM2.5 is 48,625 (95% confidence interval: 45,188–52,595), that harmful amounts of reactive nitrogen deposit to almost all (95%) sensitive habitat areas, and that 75% of ambient NH3 exceeds levels safe for bryophytes and lichens. Legal measures decrease the extent of the UK above the WHO guideline to 58% and avoid 6,800 premature deaths by 2030. This improves with best available measures to 36% of the UK and 13,300 avoided deaths. Both legal and best available measures are insufficient at reducing the extent of damage of nitrogen pollution to sensitive habitats. Far more ambitious reductions in nitrogen emissions (>80%) than is achievable with best available measures (34%) are required to halve the amount of excess nitrogen deposited to sensitive habitats.
Pressurizing Magma Within Heterogeneous Crust: A Case Study at the Socorro Magma Body, New Mexico, USA
Authors: Block Grant A. , Roy Mousumi , Graves Emily , Grapenthin Ronni 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSurface deformation plays a key role in illuminating magma transport at active volcanoes, however, unambiguous separation of deep and shallow transport remains elusive. The Socorro Magma Body (SMB) lacks an upper crustal magma transport system, allowing us to link geodetic measurements with predictions of numerical models investigating rheologic heterogeneities and magma‐mush interaction in the mid‐/lower crust. New InSAR observations confirm that a pattern of central surface uplift surrounded by a region of subsidence (previously coined “sombrero” deformation) has persisted over >100 years at the SMB. Our models suggest this pattern may reflect the presence of a large (>100 km width), weaker‐than‐ambient, compliant region (CR) surrounding the mid‐crustal magma body. Interactions between a pressurizing (e.g., due to melt injection and/or volatile exsolution) sill‐like magma body and CR drive the sombrero pattern, depending on both viscoelastic relaxation and pressurization timescales, explaining its rare observation and transient nature.
High prevalence but lack of awareness of hypertension in South Africa, particularly among men and young adults
Authors: Woodiwiss Angela J. , Orchard Ane , Mels Catharina M. C. , Uys Aletta S. , Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta N. , Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Ware Lisa J. , Yates Samantha , Jones Erika S. W. , Peterson Vernice R. , Poulter Neil R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in South Africa (SA) and high blood pressure (BP) is the primary risk factor. However, hypertension prevalence is high, BP control is poor and CV events occur at a younger age than in Europe or America. Increasing screening, raising awareness and improving management of hypertension are critical to prevent CVD in SA. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of high BP. As part of the MMM campaign, in SA (2017, 2018, 2019 and 2021), BP measurements and a cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥ 18years were performed. Of 11,320 individuals (age 36.6 ± 16.8years) screened, 29.7% had hypertension (systolic BP/diastolic BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or antihypertensive medication use) and the prevalence was higher (p < 0.0001) in men (35.6%) than in women (26.3%). Of those with hypertension, only 54.3% were aware and 46.8% were receiving antihypertensive medication, and 53.7% of these had controlled BP. In men with hypertension, awareness (45.2%, treatment (38.2%) and controlled BP on antihypertensive medication (45.2%) were lower (p < 0.0001) than in women (awareness: 60.8%; treatment: 53.5%; controlled BP: 58.3%). In young participants (age < 40years), 15.6% had hypertension, 18.6% of these were on treatment but 76.0% were not aware, and only 57.7% had controlled BP. The high prevalence of hypertension, but low levels of awareness, treatment, and BP control in SA, especially in young adults and men, highlight the need for systematic BP screening programmes and improvements in education and management of hypertension.