bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA): The development, implementation and outcomes of a national online prescribing assessment
Authors: Magavern Emma F. , Hitchings Andrew , Bollington Lynne , Wilson Kurt , Hepburn David , Westacott Rachel J. , Sam Amir H. , Caulfield Mark J. , Maxwell Simon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThe United Kingdom (UK) Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA) is a 2‐h online assessment of basic competence to prescribe and supervise the use of medicines. It has been undertaken by students and doctors in UK medical and foundation schools for the past decade. This study describes the academic characteristics and performance of the assessment; longitudinal performance of candidates and schools; stakeholder feedback; and surrogate markers of prescribing safety in UK healthcare practice.MethodsWe reviewed the performance data generated by over 70 000 medical students and 3700 foundation doctors who have participated in the PSA since its inception in 2013. These data were supplemented by Likert scale and free text feedback from candidates and a variety of stakeholder groups. Further data on medication incidents, collected by national reporting systems and the regulatory body, are reported, with permission.ResultsWe demonstrate the feasibility, high quality and reliability of an online prescribing assessment, uniquely providing a measure of prescribing competence against a national standard. Over 90% of candidates pass the PSA on their first attempt, while a minority are identified for further training and assessment. The pass rate shows some variation between different institutions and between undergraduate and foundation cohorts. Most responders to a national survey agreed that the PSA is a useful instrument for assessing prescribing competence, and an independent review has recommended adding the PSA to the Medical Licensing Assessment. Surrogate markers suggest there has been improvement in prescribing safety in practice, temporally associated with the introduction of the PSA but other factors could be influential too.ConclusionsThe PSA is a practical and cost‐effective way of delivering a reliable national assessment of prescribing competence that has educational impact and is supported by the majority of stakeholders. There is a need to develop national systems to identify and report prescribing errors and the harm they cause, enabling the impact of educational interventions to be measured.
Bibliometric analysis of published articles on perinatal depression from 1920 to 2020
Authors: Dol Justine , Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Campbell‐Yeo Marsha , Leahy‐Warren Patricia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo analyze the characteristics and trends in published research on perinatal depression between 1920 and 2020.MethodsA search strategy in Web of Science identified all published literature on perinatal depression between January 1, 1920, and December 31, 2020. Output from Web of Science was used to analyze bibliometric information, and VOSViewer was used to visualize the networks of linkages between identified publications.ResultsThere were 16,961 publications identified. Among these publications, there were 82,726 unique authors and 140 countries represented. The United States had the highest frequency of publications (44.6%). Most publications (69.8%) occurred between 2011 and 2020, with the first publication identified in 1928. There were 2197 unique journals identified, with over half publishing only one (n = 948, 43.2%) or two relevant publications (n = 314, 14.3%). Authors with the largest number of publications were Wisner (n = 115), Dennis (n = 95), and Murray (n = 92), while authors with the largest number of citations were Cox (n = 7225), Murray (n = 2755), and O'Hara (n = 2069).LimitationsWhile the Web of Science is a representative database identifying the greatest number of relevant articles, it may be unrepresentative of all published literature.ConclusionThis is the first study mapping publications on perinatal depression between 1920 and 2020. The rate of publication on perinatal depression has been steadily increasing in recent years with a wide variety of authors, countries, and journals represented. As the field continues to grow, trends may shift as early career researchers emerge and the importance of mental health in low‐income countries is prioritized.
Colocalization of TDP‐43 and stress granules at the early stage of TDP‐43 aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Mori Fumiaki , Yasui Hina , Miki Yasuo , Kon Tomoya , Arai Akira , Kurotaki Hidekachi , Tomiyama Masahiko , Wakabayashi Koichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTDP‐43 aggregates (skeins and round inclusions [RIs]) are frequent histopathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have shown that diffuse punctate cytoplasmic staining (DPCS) is the earliest pathologic manifestation of TDP‐43 in ALS, corresponding to nonfibrillar TDP‐43 located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that TDP‐43 inclusions may be derived from stress granules (SGs). Therefore, we investigated the involvement of SGs in the formation of TDP‐43 inclusions. Formalin‐fixed spinal cords of six ALS patients with a disease duration of less than 1 year (short duration), eight patients with a disease duration of 2–5 years (standard duration), and five normal controls were subjected to histopathological examination using antibodies against an SG marker, HuR. In normal controls, the cytoplasm of anterior horn cells was diffusely HuR‐positive. In short‐duration and standard‐duration ALS, the number of HuR‐positive anterior horn cells was significantly decreased relative to the controls. DPCS and RIs were more frequent in short‐duration ALS than in standard‐duration ALS. The majority of DPCS areas and a small proportion of RIs, but not skeins, were positive for HuR. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that ribosome‐like granular structures in DPCS areas and RIs were labeled with anti‐HuR, whereas skeins were not. These findings suggest that colocalization of TDP‐43 and SGs occurs at the early stage of TDP‐43 aggregation.
Enhancing ecosystem services through collaborative grass removal and fire exclusion in the Eastern Ghats
Authors: Soman Saneesh Cherapurath , Anjaneyulu Paradesi , Kumar Midigesi Anil , Sharma Himani , Rao Boyina Ravi Prasad , Ladouceur Emma , Knight Tiffany M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman activities in mesic savanna ecosystems have resulted in plant communities that are heavily dominated by fire‐tolerant grass species, are less diverse, and offer fewer ecosystem services such as palatable plant biomass. Experimental studies manipulating fire and grass presence have mostly been conducted in ecosystems invaded by exotic grass species. However, these experiments are also relevant to ecosystems that have become dominated by native grass species due to changes in human activities. Our study compared three different management treatments in the Eastern Ghats of India, where mesic savanna ecosystems are highly dominated by the unpalatable native Cymbopogon grasses, specifically: (1) control (both Cymbopogon grasses and fire are present), (2) fire exclusion, and (3) manual removal of Cymbopogon grasses and fire exclusion. We found that both grass removal and fire exclusion were necessary to significantly increase palatable herbaceous plant biomass and species diversity, and that species diversity responses were only significant at larger spatial grains of investigation. High site‐to‐site variation in the grass removal and fire exclusion treatment prevented us from detecting significant differences in species composition across treatments, even though particular palatable grass species benefited from the treatment. Our study is in line with research from other mesic savanna systems showing that fire management alone is not sufficient to transition ecosystems to a desired or historical state. We demonstrate how normally costly management practices, such as manual removal of dominant grasses, can be reasonably achieved through collaboration between scientists, community governed village institutions, and government and nongovernment agencies in socioecological systems.
Switch to gliflozins and biventricular function improvement in patients with chronic heart failure and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Correale Michele , Mazzeo Pietro , Fortunato Martino , Paradiso Matteo , Furore Andrea , Fanizzi Angela I. , Tricarico Lucia , Pastore Giuseppe , Alfieri Simona , Brunetti Natale D. , Lamacchia Olga 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundSGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce hospitalisation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The cardioprotective mechanisms of gliflozins however have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on right and left ventricular function in patients with diabetes and HF.MethodsSeventy‐eight patients with diabetes and CHF were enroled in the study and followed up; 38 started treatment with SGLT2i, while the remaining 40 continued their previous antidiabetic therapy. All patients underwent conventional, TDI and strain echocardiography in an ambulatory setting, at the beginning and after 3 months of therapy with SGLT2i.ResultsAfter 3 months of therapy with SGLT2i, echocardiographic parameters assessing both left and right ventricular dimensions and function were found as significantly improved in patients switching to SGLT2i than control group: LVEF (45 ± 9% vs. 40 ± 8%, p < 0.001), LVEDD (54 ± 6.5 vs. 56 ± 6.5 mm, p < 0.01), GLS (−13 ± 4% vs. −10 ± 3%, p < 0.001), TAPSE (21 ± 3 vs. 19 ± 3 mm, p < 0.001), RV S' (12.9 ± 2.5 vs 11.0 ± 1.9 cm/sec, p < 0.001) and PAsP (24 ± 8 vs. 31 ± 9 mmHg, p < 0.001). Also mitral (1.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) and tricuspid regurgitation (1.0 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01) improved after SGLT2i therapy. Changes were not statistically significant in patients not treated with SGLT2i (p n.s. in all cases).ConclusionsIn a real‐world scenario, treatment with SGLT2i in patients with CHF and diabetes is associated with an improvement in both left and right ventricular function assessed at echocardiography. These data may explain potential anti‐remodelling effects of gliflozins.
Strategies supporting parent‐delivered rehabilitation exercises to improve motor function after paediatric traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Young David , Cawood Sarah , Mares Kathryn , Duschinsky Robbie , Hardeman Wendy 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo identify and analyse ways in which parents are supported to deliver rehabilitation exercises to their child after traumatic brain injury (TBI), conceptualized as strategies.MethodA systematic search was completed using seven online databases and three grey literature databases, from inception to November 2021. The included studies focused on physical rehabilitation in children after TBI with the involvement of parents as hands‐on deliverers or facilitators of rehabilitation (e.g. supervising the exercise). Intervention descriptions were reviewed to identify strategies; this was followed by fine‐grained analysis using the Behaviour Change Wheel to identify intervention components. Risk of bias was analysed using the revised Cochrane Risk‐of‐Bias Tool for Randomized Trials or the Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomized Studies ‐ of Interventions.ResultsSix interventions including 211 participants and one trial protocol met the inclusion criteria. All studies included a proportion of children diagnosed with TBI and four studies included mixed samples of acquired brain injury or cerebral palsy. All interventions included elements of goal setting and instruction.InterpretationInterventions focus heavily on the initiation of physical rehabilitation, but focus less on the longer‐term maintenance of rehabilitation delivery. Further research should integrate perspectives from parents to inform the development of new interventions.What this paper adds

Parents need support to deliver or supervise rehabilitation exercises.
The interventions identified in this review supported goal setting, action planning, and learning rehabilitation exercises.
Interventions focused primarily on the initiation of exercises but less on maintenance.
Rehabilitation is complex and new approaches are needed to better support parents.
Stigma and take‐up of labour market assistance: Evidence from two field experiments
Authors: Osman Adam , Speer Jamin D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAversion to ‘stigma’—disutility associated with a programme or activity due to beliefs about how it is perceived—may affect labour market choices and utilization of social programmes, but empirical evidence of its importance is scarce. Using two randomized field experiments, we show that stigma can affect consequential labour market decisions. Treatments designed to alleviate stigma concerns about taking entry‐level jobs—such as how those jobs are perceived by society—had small average effects on take‐up of job assistance programmes. However, using compositional analysis and machine learning methods, we document large heterogeneity in the responses to our treatments. Stigma significantly affects the composition of who takes up a programme: the treatments were more successful in overcoming stigma for older, wealthier and working respondents. For other people, we show that our treatments merely increased the salience of the stigma without dispelling it. We conclude that social image concerns affect labour market decisions and that messaging surrounding programmes can have important effects on programme take‐up and composition.
Artificial intelligence in the prediction of venous thromboembolism: A systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Chiasakul Thita , Lam Barbara D. , McNichol Megan , Robertson William , Rosovsky Rachel P. , Lake Leslie , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Adamski Alys , Reyes Nimia , Abe Karon , Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Patell Rushad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate diagnostic and prognostic predictions of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are crucial for VTE management. Artificial intelligence (AI) enables autonomous identification of the most predictive patterns from large complex data. Although evidence regarding its performance in VTE prediction is emerging, a comprehensive analysis of performance is lacking.AimsTo systematically review the performance of AI in the diagnosis and prediction of VTE and compare it to clinical risk assessment models (RAMs) or logistic regression models.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science from inception to April 20, 2021. Search terms included “artificial intelligence” and “venous thromboembolism.” Eligible criteria were original studies evaluating AI in the prediction of VTE in adults and reporting one of the following outcomes: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or area under receiver operating curve (AUC). Risks of bias were assessed using the PROBAST tool. Unpaired t‐test was performed to compare the mean AUC from AI versus conventional methods (RAMs or logistic regression models).ResultsA total of 20 studies were included. Number of participants ranged from 31 to 111 888. The AI‐based models included artificial neural network (six studies), support vector machines (four studies), Bayesian methods (one study), super learner ensemble (one study), genetic programming (one study), unspecified machine learning models (two studies), and multiple machine learning models (five studies). Twelve studies (60%) had both training and testing cohorts. Among 14 studies (70%) where AUCs were reported, the mean AUC for AI versus conventional methods were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.74–0.85) versus 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54–0.68), respectively (p < .001). However, the good to excellent discriminative performance of AI methods is unlikely to be replicated when used in clinical practice, because most studies had high risk of bias due to missing data handling and outcome determination.ConclusionThe use of AI appears to improve the accuracy of diagnostic and prognostic prediction of VTE over conventional risk models; however, there was a high risk of bias observed across studies. Future studies should focus on transparent reporting, external validation, and clinical application of these models.
Perceived person–organization misfit and procrastination behaviour
Authors: De Clercq Dirk 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research examines the relationship between employees' resource‐draining perceptions of person–organization misfit and their procrastination behaviour, with special attention to the mediating role of their turnover intentions and the moderating role of two key personal orientations in this process. The hypotheses were tested with cross‐sectional survey data collected among employees in the education sector. The results reveal that a critical reason that beliefs about a mismatch between personal and organizational values spur slacking on work tasks is that employees make plans to quit. This mediating effect is invigorated by employees' uncertainty avoidance orientation but mitigated by their collectivistic orientation. This investigation therefore pinpoints an important conduit, plans to leave, through which frustrations with misaligned values escalate into a failure to meet work deadlines. Organizations can identify employees who are more or less likely to exhibit such a negative spiral, due to the strength of their uncertainty avoidance and collectivistic orientations.
Biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing migrating birds to elevated fine particulate matter concentrations
Authors: La Sorte Frank A. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Lepczyk Christopher A. , Aronson Myla F. J. , Horton Kyle G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimA unique risk faced by nocturnally migrating birds is the disorienting influence of artificial light at night (ALAN). ALAN originates from anthropogenic activities that can generate other forms of environmental pollution, including the emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). PM2.5concentrations can display strong seasonal variation whose origin can be natural or anthropogenic. How this variation affects seasonal associations with ALAN and PM2.5for nocturnally migrating bird populations has not been explored.LocationWestern Hemisphere.Time Period2021Major Taxa StudiedNocturnally migrating passerine (NMP) bird species.MethodsWe combined monthly estimates of PM2.5and ALAN with weekly estimates of relative abundance for 164 NMP species derived using observations from eBird. We identified groups of species with similar associations with monthly PM2.5. We summarized their shared environmental, geographical, and ecological attributes.ResultsPM2.5was lowest in North America, especially at higher latitudes during the boreal winter. PM2.5was highest in the Amazon Basin, especially during the dry season (August–October). ALAN was highest within eastern North America, especially during the boreal winter. For NMP species, PM2.5associations reached their lowest levels during the breeding season (<10 μg/m3) and highest levels during the nonbreeding season, especially for long‐distance migrants that winter in Central and South America (~20 μg/m3). Species that migrate through Central America in the spring encountered similarly high PM2.5concentrations. ALAN associations reached their highest levels for species that migrate (~12 nW/cm2/sr) or spend the nonbreeding season (~15 nW/cm2/sr) in eastern North America.Main ConclusionsWe did not find evidence that the disorienting influence of ALAN enhances PM2.5exposure during stopover in the spring and autumn for NMP species. Rather, our findings suggest biomass burning in the Neotropics is exposing NMP species to consistently elevated PM2.5concentrations for an extended period of their annual life cycles.
Impact of non‐obese metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease on risk factors for the recurrence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection: A multicenter study
Authors: Fukunaga Shuhei , Mukasa Michita , Nakane Tomoyuki , Nakano Dan , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Chou Tomonori , Tanaka Hiroshi , Hayashi Daiki , Minami Shinpei , Ohuchi Akihiro , Nagata Tsutomu , Takaki Kota , Takaki Hiroshi , Miyajima Ichiro , Nouno Ryuichi , Araki Toshihiro , Morita Taku , Torimura Takuji , Okabe Yoshinobu , Kawaguchi Takumi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimMetabolic dysfunction is a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the impact of the recently proposed metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and its subtypes on ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment.MethodsThis multicenter observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients newly diagnosed with ESCC after endoscopic treatment. Patients were classified into MAFLD or non‐MAFLD groups. The MAFLD group was further classified into non‐obese and obese MAFLD groups with a body mass index cutoff value of 25 kg/m2. The impact of MAFLD on the recurrence of ESCC was evaluated using a decision tree algorithm and random forest analysis.ResultsA total of 147 patients (average age 69 years; male : female, 127:20; observational period, 2.4 years) were enrolled. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year recurrence rates were 2.0%, 21.1%, and 33.7%, respectively. Independent risk factors for the recurrence of ESCC were MAFLD (HR 2.2812; 95% confidence interval 1.0497–4.9571; p = 0.0373), drinking status, and smoking status. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease was identified as the second most important classifier for recurrence, followed by drinking status. The cumulative incidence of ESCC recurrence was higher in the MAFLD group than in the non‐MAFLD group. In a subanalysis, the cumulative incidence of recurrence was significantly higher in the non‐obese than in the obese MAFLD group among abstainers/non‐drinkers. Directed acyclic graphs revealed that MAFLD directly contributes to ESCC recurrence.ConclusionsMAFLD was independently and directly associated with ESCC recurrence after endoscopic treatment; a high recurrence rate was observed in patients with non‐obese MAFLD. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease may identify patients at high risk for ESCC recurrence.