bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a pyramid pooling Unet model with integrated attention mechanism and Inception module in pancreatic tumor segmentation
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Tian Hui , Xu Zhenshun , Bian Yun , Wu Jie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe segmentation and recognition of pancreatic tumors are crucial tasks in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases. However, due to the relatively small proportion of the pancreas in the abdomen and significant shape and size variations, pancreatic tumor segmentation poses considerable challenges.PurposeTo construct a network model that combines a pyramid pooling module with Inception architecture and SE attention mechanism (PIS‐Unet), and observe its effectiveness in pancreatic tumor images segmentation, thereby providing supportive recommendations for clinical practitioners.Materials and methodsA total of 303 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN), including serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) and mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN), from Shanghai Changhai Hospital between March 2011 and November 2021 were included. A total of 1792 T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) slices were used to build a CNN model. The model employed a pyramid pooling Inception module with a fused attention mechanism. The attention mechanism enhanced the network's focus on local features, while the Inception module and pyramid pooling allowed the network to extract features at different scales and improve the utilization efficiency of global information, thereby effectively enhancing network performance.ResultsUsing three‐fold cross‐validation, the model constructed by us achieved a dice score of 85.49 ± 2.02 for SCN images segmentation, and a dice score of 87.90 ± 4.19 for MCN images segmentation.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that using deep learning networks for the segmentation of PCNs yields favorable results. Applying this network as an aid to physicians in PCN diagnosis shows potential for clinical applications.
The role of the amygdala in ictal central apnea: insights from brain MRI morphometry
Authors: Micalizzi Elisa , Ballerini Alice , Giovannini Giada , Cioclu Maria Cristina , Scolastico Simona , Pugnaghi Matteo , Orlandi Niccolò , Malagoli Marcella , Genovese Maurilio , Todeschini Alessandra , Giunta Leandra , Villani Flavio , Meletti Stefano , Vaudano Anna Elisabetta 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveIctal central apnea (ICA) is a frequent correlate of focal seizures, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and regarded as a potential electroclinical biomarker of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Aims of this study are to investigate morphometric changes of subcortical structures in ICA patients and to find neuroimaging biomarkers of ICA in patients with focal epilepsy.MethodsWe prospectively recruited focal epilepsy patients with recorded seizures during a video‐EEG long‐term monitoring with cardiorespiratory polygraphic recordings from April 2020 to September 2022. Participants were accordingly subdivided into two groups: patients with focal seizures with ICA (ICA) and without (noICA). A pool of 30 controls matched by age and sex was collected. All the participants underwent MRI scans with volumetric high‐resolution T1‐weighted images. Post‐processing analyses included a whole‐brain VBM analysis and segmentation algorithms performed with FreeSurfer.ResultsForty‐six patients were recruited (aged 15–60 years): 16 ICA and 30 noICA. The whole‐brain VBM analysis showed an increased gray matter volume of the amygdala ipsilateral to the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in the ICA group compared to the noICA patients. Amygdala sub‐segmentation analysis revealed an increased volume of the whole amygdala, ipsilateral to the EZ compared to controls [F(1, 76) = 5.383, pFDR = 0.042] and to noICA patients ([F(1, 76) = 5.383, pFDR = 0.038], specifically of the basolateral complex (respectively F(1, 76) = 6.160, pFDR = 0.037; F(1, 76) = 5.121, pFDR = 0.034).InterpretationOur findings, while confirming the key role of the amygdala in participating in ictal respiratory modifications, suggest that structural modifications of the amygdala and its subnuclei may be valuable morphological biomarkers of ICA.
Adaptive dynamic surface control of MIMO nonlinear systems: A hybrid event triggering mechanism
Authors: Huang Sai , Zong Guangdeng , Xu Ning , Wang Huanqing , Zhao Xudong 
Published: November 2023

SummaryThis paper addresses the event‐triggered stabilization control for multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. To handle the “explosion of complexity”, the dynamic surface control (DSC) technology is introduced to the proposed control scheme. In addition, the event‐driven idea is adopted to mitigate the data transmission pressure in sensor‐to‐controller and controller‐to‐actuator channels. Considering that the non‐derivable virtual controllers are commonly constructed in the event‐triggered control schemes aiming at saving dual‐channel resources, in this paper, a hybrid event‐triggering mechanism with multiple event detectors is developed to obtain differentiable virtual control signals, thereby providing a suitable application environment for the DSC technology. Meanwhile, an output‐based adaptive threshold is designed to obtain more communication benefits compared with the fixed threshold strategy. Finally, all signals in the closed‐loop system are ensured to be bounded under a standard Lyapunov stability analysis framework, and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is validated by a simulation example.
Ionic Conductivity Switchable and Shape Changeable Smart Skins with Azobenzene‐Based Ionic Reactive Mesogens
Authors: Oh Mintaek , Lim Seok‐In , Jang Junhwa , Wi Youngjae , Yu Dongmin , Hyeong Jaeseok , Kim Subin , Kim Woojin , Ha Minjeong , Jeong Kwang‐Un 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo develop smart ionic skins capable of multi‐responsiveness and switchable ionic conductivity, a stimuli‐responsive and ionic conductive azobenzene‐based monomer is newly synthesized, uniaxially oriented, and polymerized for anisotropic liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). Since the uniaxially oriented monodomain LCE with ionic asymmetric azobenzene monomers (i‐AAM) is prepared by thermal oligomerization, uniaxial stretching, and subsequent photopolymerization, the stimuli‐responsive i‐AAM LCE is thermally contracted by increasing the temperature above TNI as well as is bent along the aligned direction by irradiating it with UV light. In addition to the change of shape, the ionic conductivity of the LCE is reversible in response to heat and light stimuli. Polydomain i‐AAM LCE polymerized without the stretching process exhibits higher ionic conductivity than stretched monodomain LCE due to the initially formed stable ionic pathways. Ionic conductivity can also be switched simultaneously by polarity changes in response to the photoisomerization of i‐AAM, increased mobility from heat, and an elastic mechanoresponse from external stresses. These i‐AAM LCE‐based soft grippers exhibit stimuli‐responsive grasping and releasing actuation and detect ionic conductivity switches finely, suggesting potential as smart skins for advanced soft robots.
Single‐ and Multiscale Laser Patterning of 3D Printed Biomedical Titanium Alloy: Toward an Enhanced Adhesion and Early Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells
Authors: Hariharan Avinash , Goldberg Phil , Schell Frederic , Hempel Ute , Striggow Friedrich , Hantusch Martin , Medina‐Sánchez Mariana , Lasagni Andrés F. , Gebert Annett 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the enhancement of biocompatible titanium‐based implants through surface functionalization for improved bone healing. Specifically, a near‐beta type Ti‐13Nb‐13Zr alloy is 3D printed using laser powder bed fusion and subsequently textured using nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) to create single‐scale and multi‐scale surface textures. On these textures, the cell behavior, morphology, metabolic activity and osteogenic differentiation potential of human bone marrow stromal cells are assessed using fluorescence microscopy and MTS assays. Moreover, tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase activity served as an early osteoblast production marker. Compared to untextured specimens, both types of textures exhibited higher metabolic activity and cell proliferation. Single‐scale ns‐DLIP textures encouraged cell extensions anchored in groove regions, while ps‐DLIP textures with hierarchical structures promoted cell extensions attaching to nanostructures on sidewalls. The groove width and nanotopographies in groove areas facilitated cell spreading. Surface topography, roughness, and surface chemistry (surface energy, wettability) influenced cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. A comprehensive evaluation of DLIP‐generated surface textures, including their topography and chemical states, complements the factors affecting in vitro cell behavior. Overall, this research demonstrates the potential of surface‐functionalized 3Dprinted titanium for a novel generation of biocompatible implants.
Biocompatible Rhamnolipid Self‐Assemblies with pH‐Responsive Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kadakia Parth , Valentin Jules D. P. , Hong Linda , Watts Samuel , Hameed Owais Abdul , Walch Michael , Salentinig Stefan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere is an urgent need for alternative antimicrobial materials due to the growing challenge of bacteria becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics. This study demonstrates the creation of a biocompatible pH‐switchable antimicrobial material by combining bacteria‐derived rhamnolipids (RL) and food‐grade glycerol monooleate (GMO). The integration of RL into dispersed GMO particles, with an inverse‐type liquid crystalline cubic structure in the core, leads to colloidally stable supramolecular materials. The composition and pH‐triggered structural transformations are studied with small‐angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The composition‐structure‐activity relationship is analyzed and optimized to target bacteria at acidic pH values of acute wounds. The new RL/GMO dispersions reduce Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) populations by 7‐log after 24 h of treatment with 64 µg mL−1 of RL and prevent biofilm formation at pH = 5.0, but have no activity at pH = 7.0. Additionally, the system is active against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration of 128 µg mL−1 at pH 5.0. No activity is found against several Gram‐negative bacteria at pH 5.0 and 7.0. The results provide a fundamental understanding of lipid self‐assembly and the design of lipid‐based biomaterials, which can further guide the development of alternative bio‐based solutions to combat bacteria.
Achieving Highly Efficient Orange Emission in Tin (IV)‐Based Metal Halides with Outstanding Anti‐Water Stability Through Antimony Doping and Reasonable Structural Modulation
Authors: Ke Bao , Peng Hui , Wei Qilin , Yang Chengzhi , Li Xueping , Huang Weiguo , Du Zhentao , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecently, 0D metal halides have attracted widespread interest because of their diverse structures and rich luminescence properties. Nevertheless, the controllable synthesis of metal halide clusters with the ideal configuration using chemical methods remains a great challenge. In addition, the relationship between the coordination configuration and the optical properties of 0D metal halides is not well understood. In this study, two homologous Sb3+‐doped 0D Sn (IV)‐based metal halides with different coordination configurations are developed by inserting a single organic ligand, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPCl), into a SnCl4 lattice, resulting in different optical properties. Under photoexcitation, Sb3+‐doped (TBP)SnCl5·DMF shows a negligible luminescence from the organic cation of TBP+, while Sb3+‐doped (TBP)2SnCl6 shows a bright orange emission band at 650 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 99%. The above two compounds show quite different optical properties, which should be due to the too‐large lattice distortion of Sb3+‐doped (TBP)SnCl5·DMF, and the DMF will cause the efficient non‐radiation relaxation. In particular, Sb3+‐doped (TBP)2SnCl6 exhibits remarkable anti‐water stability, which shows stability in water for 48 h without structural degradation, and the luminous intensity remains at a high level. Combined with its excellent optical properties and impressive stability, Sb3+‐doped (TBP)2SnCl6 is used in white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLED).
Terahertz Plasmon Polaritons in Large Area Bi2Se3 Topological Insulators
Authors: Pistore Valentino , Viti Leonardo , Schiattarella Chiara , Riccardi Elisa , Knox Craig S. , Yagmur Ahmet , Burton Joel J. , Sasaki Satoshi , Davies A. Giles , Linfield Edmund H. , Freeman Joshua R. , Vitiello Miriam S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAssessing the nature of topological quantum materials, and in particular probing the existence of topological surface states, is a very challenging task. Terahertz (THz) frequency scattering near‐field optical microscopy has emerged as an effective technique to investigate the presence of massless surface carriers by locally probing collective surface excitations, i.e., plasmon polaritons, whose dispersion critically depends on the density and nature of surface carriers. Here, thin (14–19 nm) films of Bi2Se3 are experimentally investigated through a combination of x‐ray diffraction, Hall‐bar magneto‐transport, and near‐field detectorless optical holography at THz frequencies, from 2 to 4.3 THz. The dispersion of surface plasmon polaritons are determined for different Bi2Se3 film thicknesses, proving the presence of massless surface carriers. The results open intriguing opportunities in THz nano‐plasmonics and topological nano‐photonics including the development of superlenses and metasurfaces, making use of plasmon polaritons.
Visible Transparent Wideband Microwave Meta‐Absorber with Designable Digital Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Cui Yina , Wang Jun , Sun Huiting , Zhu Ying , Zhu Ruichao , Liu Tonghao , Wang Xiaofeng , Xu Cuilian , Wang Jiafu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStealth performance plays an increasingly important role in the evaluation of aircraft performance, while achieving excellent stealth performance in multiple frequency bands simultaneously remains a crucial challenge. Herein, a visible transparent wideband microwave absorber with infrared camouflage function is theoretically presented and experimentally demonstrated. The sample is composed of two radar absorption layers (RALs) and an infrared shielding layer (IRSL). In addition, the magnetic resonance model and the ohmic loss model are employed to strengthen the absorption of the designed RALs >90% in a broadband frequency range of 7–23 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 106.7%, and an average visible transmittance of ≈60%. Furthermore, IRSL is achieved by a designable digital frequency selective surface (FSS), which promotes a compatible design between infrared camouflaged emissivity and microwave absorption. These peculiar properties not only verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy for achieving suitable artificially designed IR digital camouflage patterns to meet various thermal camouflage environments, but also have promising application prospects in multispectral stealth. The additional visible light transparent feature makes it useful in compatible camouflage‐stealth facilities when requiring observing and operating in optical windows.
Transient Non‐Collinear Magnetic State for All‐Optical Magnetization Switching
Authors: Parchenko Sergii , Frej Antoni , Ueda Hiroki , Carley Robert , Mercadier Laurent , Gerasimova Natalia , Mercurio Giuseppe , Schlappa Justine , Yaroslavtsev Alexander , Agarwal Naman , Gort Rafael , Scherz Andreas , Zvezdin Anatoly , Stupakiewicz Andrzej , Staub Urs 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResonant absorption of a photon by bound electrons in a solid can promote an electron to another orbital state or transfer it to a neighboring atomic site. Such a transition in a magnetically ordered material could affect the magnetic order. While this process is an obvious road map for optical control of magnetization, experimental demonstration of such a process remains challenging. Exciting a significant fraction of magnetic ions requires a very intense incoming light beam, as orbital resonances are often weak compared to above‐band‐gap excitations. In the latter case, a sizeable reduction of the magnetization occurs as the absorbed energy increases the spin temperature, masking the non‐thermal optical effects. Here, using ultrafast X‐ray spectroscopy, this work is able to resolve changes in the magnetization state induced by resonant absorption of infrared photons in Co‐doped yttrium iron garnet, with negligible thermal effects. This work finds that the optical excitation of the Co ions affects the two distinct magnetic Fe sublattices differently, resulting in a transient non‐collinear magnetic state. The present results indicate that the all‐optical magnetization switching (AOS) most likely occurs due to the creation of a transient, non‐collinear magnetic state followed by coherent spin rotations of the Fe moments.
Atomic Layer Deposition—A Versatile Toolbox for Designing/Engineering Electrodes for Advanced Supercapacitors
Authors: Ansari Mohd Zahid , Hussain Iftikhar , Mohapatra Debananda , Ansari Sajid Ali , Rahighi Reza , Nandi Dip K , Song Wooseok , Kim Soo‐Hyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) has become the most widely used thin‐film deposition technique in various fields due to its unique advantages, such as self‐terminating growth, precise thickness control, and excellent deposition quality. In the energy storage domain, ALD has shown great potential for supercapacitors (SCs) by enabling the construction and surface engineering of novel electrode materials. This review aims to present a comprehensive outlook on the development, achievements, and design of advanced electrodes involving the application of ALD for realizing high‐performance SCs to date, as organized in several sections of this paper. Specifically, this review focuses on understanding the influence of ALD parameters on the electrochemical performance and discusses the ALD of nanostructured electrochemically active electrode materials on various templates for SCs.It examines the influence of ALD parameters on electrochemical performance and highlights ALD's role in passivating electrodes and creating 3D nanoarchitectures. The relationship between synthesis procedures and SC properties is analyzed to guide future research in preparing materials for various applications. Finally, it is concluded by suggesting the directions and scope of future research and development to further leverage the unique advantages of ALD for fabricating new materials and harness the unexplored opportunities in the fabrication of advanced‐generation SCs.
LncRNAs‐circRNAs as Rising Epigenetic Binary Superstars in Regulating Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancers
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Jiao Benzheng , Zhao Hongguang , Liang Xinyue , Jin Fengyan , Liu Xiaodong , Hu Ji‐Fan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs one of novel hallmarks of cancer, lipid metabolic reprogramming has recently been becoming fascinating and widely studied. Lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer is shown to support carcinogenesis, progression, distal metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance by generating ATP, biosynthesizing macromolecules, and maintaining appropriate redox status. Notably, increasing evidence confirms that lipid metabolic reprogramming is under the control of dysregulated non‐coding RNAs in cancer, especially lncRNAs and circRNAs. This review highlights the present research findings on the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and circRNAs involved in the lipid metabolic reprogramming of cancer. Emphasis is placed on their regulatory targets in lipid metabolic reprogramming and associated mechanisms, including the clinical relevance in cancer through lipid metabolism modulation. Such insights will be pivotal in identifying new theranostic targets and treatment strategies for cancer patients afflicted with lipid metabolic reprogramming.
Decoding Macrophage Subtypes to Engineer Modulating Hydrogels for the Alleviation of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Authors: Zhao Da‐Wang , Cheng Qian , Geng Huimin , Liu Jinbo , Zhang Yuanqiang , Cui Jiwei , Liu Chao , Cheng Lei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA major pathological basis for low back pain is intervertebral disk degeneration, which is primarily caused by the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells due to imbalances in extracellular matrix (ECM) anabolism and catabolism. The phenotype of macrophages in the local immune microenvironment greatly influences the balance of ECM metabolism. Therefore, the control over the macrophage phenotype of the ECM is promising to repair intervertebral disk degeneration. Herein, the preparation of an injectable nanocomposite hydrogel is reported by embedding epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate‐coated hydroxyapatite nanorods in O‐carboxymethyl chitosan cross‐linked with aldehyde hyaluronic acid that is capable of modulating the phenotype of macrophages. The bioactive components play a primary role in repairing the nucleus pulposus, where the hydroxyapatite nanorods can promote anabolism in the ECM through the nucleopulpogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate can decrease catabolism in the ECM in nucleus pulposus by inducing M2 macrophage polarization, which exists in normal intervertebral disks and can alleviate degeneration. The nanocomposite hydrogel system shows promise for the minimally invasive and effective treatment of intervertebral disk degeneration by controlling anabolism and catabolism in the ECM and inhibiting the IL17 signaling pathway (M1‐related pathway) in vitro and in vivo.
Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc–Halogen Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms, Research Issues, and Future Perspectives
Authors: She Liaona , Cheng Hao , Yuan Ziyan , Shen Zeyu , Wu Qian , Zhong Wei , Zhang Shichao , Zhang Bing , Liu Chengwu , Zhang Mingchang , Pan Hongge , Lu Yingying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc–halogen batteries (AZHBs) have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage applications due to their high security features and low cost. However, several challenges including natural subliming, sluggish reaction kinetics, and shuttle effect of halogens, as well as dendrite growth of the zinc (Zn) anode, have hindered their large‐scale commercialization. In this review, first the fundamental mechanisms and scientific issues associated with AZHBs are summarized. Then the research issues and progresses related to the cathode, separator, anode, and electrolyte are discussed. Additionally, emerging research opportunities in this field is explored. Finally, ideas and prospects for the future development of AZHBs are presented. The objective of this review is to stimulate further exploration, foster the advancement of AZHBs, and contribute to the diversified development of electrochemical energy storage.