bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil Extraction From Hemp Plant as a Potential Source of Antioxidants for Healthy Protein Foods
Authors: Mileti Olga , Baldino Noemi , Paleologo Mario F.O. , Lupi Francesca R , Marra Maria , Iacopetta Domenico , Gabriele Domenico 
Published: September 2023

(1)	Background: In recent years, the increasing demand for alternative food shifted research toward new types of food sources. It is well known that many diseases are caused by oxidative stress, then supplementation of antioxidants can be proposed to reduce it. Cannabis Sativa (CS) is an interesting alternative source of antioxidant species. The use of CS for the extraction of these molecules could be optimized to maximize the antioxidant yield extracts.
(2)	Methods: This work aimed to investigate extraction methods of CBD oil from CS inflorescences and stalks to obtain antioxidant-enriched compounds for use in food by mixing with a carrier oil like hemp seed oil. Soxhlet (SE), dynamic maceration (DME) and supercritical fluid (SFE) extraction techniques were performed, using CS inflorescences and stalks; by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis the antioxidants were individuated and quantified; moreover, the antioxidant power was investigated by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays and finally doughs enriched with hemp oil were studied by rheological measurements
(3)	Results: The best results in terms of CBD yield were obtained by dynamic maceration from only flowers and it also shows a good antioxidant power.
(4)	Conclusions: Formulation of protein bars with hemp oil enriched in CBD could be an excellent means for the consumption of products enriched with antioxidants because it preserves the CBD anti-inflammatory activity.
Repeatability of Ad Libitum Fluid Intake During Repeated 1 h Walking/Jogging Exercise Sessions Conducted Under Hot Ambient Conditions
Authors: Goulet Eric D.B. , Claveau Pascale , Simoneau Ivan L. , Deshayes Thomas A. , Jolicoeur-Desroches Antoine , Aloui Fedi , Hoffman Martin D. 
Published: September 2023

A drinking strategy aiming to replace a given percentage of the sweat losses incurred during exercise should result in reproducible fluid intake volume and, hence, fluid balance from one exercise session to the other performed under similar scenarios. Whether this may also be the case with ad libitum drinking during exercise is unclear. We characterized the repeatability of ad libitum fluid intake during repeated 1 h exercise sessions and examine its effect over time on fluid balance and selected physiological functions and perceptual sensations. Twelve (3 women) healthy individuals participated in this study. At weekly intervals, they completed 4, 2 x 30 min walking/jogging exercise bouts (55% VO2max, 40°C, 20-30% relative humidity) interspersed by a 3 min recovery period. During exercise, participants replaced water (20°C) ad libitum. There were no significant differences among the 4 exercise sessions for absolute fluid intake volume (~ 1000 mL · h-1), percent body mass loss (~ 0.4%), sweat rate (~ 1300 mL · h-1) and percent of sweat loss replaced by fluid intake (~ 80%). Heart rate, rectal temperature and perceived thirst and heat stress did not differ significantly between the first and fourth exercise session. Perceived exertion was significantly lower during the fourth vs. the first exercise session, but the difference was trivial, &amp;lt; 1 arbitrary unit. In conclusion, ad libitum fluid intake during 4 successive identical 1 h walking/jogging sessions conducted in the heat will result in similar fluid intake volumes and perturbations in fluid balance, heart rate, rectal temperature and perceived thirst, heat stress and exertion.
Brain-based graph-theoretical predictive modeling to map the trajectory of transdiagnostic symptoms of anhedonia, impulsivity, and hypomania from the human functional connectome
Authors: Dan Rotem , Whitton Alexis , Treadway Michael , Rutherford Ashleigh , Kumar Poornima , Ironside Manon , Kaiser Roselinde , Ren Boyu , Pizzagalli Diego 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Clinical assessments often fail to discriminate between unipolar and bipolar depression and identify individuals who will develop future (hypo)manic episodes. To address this challenge, we developed a brain-based graph-theoretical predictive model (GPM) to prospectively map symptoms of anhedonia, impulsivity, and (hypo)mania. Individuals seeking treatment for mood disorders (n = 80) underwent an fMRI scan, including (i) resting-state and (ii) a reinforcement-learning (RL) task. Symptoms were assessed at baseline as well as at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. A whole-brain functional connectome was computed for each fMRI task, and the GPM was applied for symptom prediction using cross-validation. Prediction performance was evaluated by comparing the GPM’s mean square error (MSE) to that of a corresponding null model. In addition, the GPM was compared to the connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM). Cross-sectionally, the GPM predicted anhedonia from the global efficiency (a graph theory metric that quantifies information transfer across the connectome) during the RL task, and impulsivity from the centrality (a metric that captures the importance of a region for information spread) of the left anterior cingulate cortex during resting-state. At 6-month follow-up, the GPM predicted (hypo)manic symptoms from the local efficiency of the left nucleus accumbens during the RL task and anhedonia from the centrality of the left caudate during resting-state. Notably, the GPM outperformed the CPM, and GPM derived from individuals with unipolar disorders predicted anhedonia and impulsivity symptoms for individuals with bipolar disorders, highlighting transdiagnostic generalization. Taken together, across DSM mood diagnoses, efficiency and centrality of the reward circuit predicted symptoms of anhedonia, impulsivity, and (hypo)mania, cross-sectionally and prospectively. The GPM is an innovative modeling approach that may ultimately inform clinical prediction at the individual level. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01976975
Ocean heat transport regulates Arctic sea ice loss
Authors: Aylmer Jake , Ferreira David , Feltham Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Sea ice is a critical component of the polar and global climate that demands reliable future projections. Yet, such projections continue to suffer from uncertainties largely associated with inter-model spread. Global ocean heat transport (OHT) has been hypothesised as a source of this uncertainty, as simulations with greater OHT into the polar regions tend to exhibit greater historical and future sea ice loss. Previous studies have identified such intuitive correlations but stop short of a physical explanation needed to attribute model spread in sea ice to the ocean. Here, we explain the sign and size of the emergent sensitivity of sea ice to OHT using a simple equation that we derive from an idealised energy-balance model. This equation reveals underlying mechanisms involving the atmosphere and captures the OHT–sea ice relationship in climate models. Future Arctic sea ice loss is regulated by changes in OHT, the impact of which is set by compensation of atmospheric heat transport and radiative feedbacks. Our results suggest that addressing ocean biases in climate models will substantially reduce uncertainty in projections of sea ice and the global climate state.
BMC Geriatrics Evaluating the Efficacy of Assessments in Identifying Self-Reported Auditory and Visual Impairments among Elderly Individuals in the Faroe Islands – a ROC curve analysis
Authors: Haanes Gro Gade , Hofoss Dag 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to compare self-reported auditory and visual impairments with objective measurements among individuals aged 76 residing in the Faroe Islands. Data on 167 persons were collected through a cross-sectional study in which participants were screened for hearing and vision problems, first by a structured interview and then by ophthalmologic and audiologic measurements. The prevalence of seeing problems among Faroese 76-year-olds was much higher when identified by ophthalmologic and audiologic criteria than by self-report. For hearing problems, the prevalence rates produced by the two methods did not differ significantly. Agreement analysis by Cohen’s kappa and by ROC-curve construction showed that self-reports of problems with seeing and hearing were less accurate than problem identification by ophthalmologic and audiologic criteria. Nevertheless, for hearing problems – but not for eyesight problems – the kappa and AUC scores indicated that self-reports may be precise enough, considering the higher technical and administrative costs of screening by audiologists.
Microglial over-pruning of synapses during development in autism-associated SCN2A-deficient mice and human cerebral organoids
Authors: Yang Yang , Wu Jiaxiang , Zhang Jingliang , Chen Xiaoling , Que Zhefu , Wettschurack Kyle , Deming Brody , acosta Maria , Cui Ningren , Eaton Muriel , Zhao Yuanrui , Halurkar Manasi , Purba Mandal , Chen Ian , Xiao Tiange , Suzuki Matthew , Yuan Chongli , Xu Ranjie , Koss Wendy , Du Dongshu , Chen Fuxue , Wu Long-Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a major neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 in 36 children in the United States. While neurons have been the focus to understand ASD, an altered neuro-immune response in the brain may be closely associated with ASD, and a neuro-immune interaction could play a role in the disease progression. As the resident immune cells of the brain, microglia regulate brain development and homeostasis via core functions including phagocytosis of synapses. While ASD has been traditionally considered a polygenic disorder, recent large-scale human genetic studies have identified SCN2A deficiency as a leading monogenic cause of ASD and intellectual disability. We generated a Scn2a-deficient mouse model, which displays major behavioral and neuronal phenotypes. However, the role of microglia in this disease model is unknown. Here, we reported that Scn2a-deficient mice have impaired learning and memory, accompanied by reduced synaptic transmission and lower spine density in neurons of the hippocampus. Microglia in Scn2a-deficient mice are partially activated, exerting excessive phagocytic pruning of post-synapses related to the complement C3 cascades during selective developmental stages. The ablation of microglia using PLX3397 partially restores synaptic transmission and spine density. To extend our findings from rodents to human cells, we established a microglial-incorporated human cerebral organoid model carrying an SCN2A protein-truncating mutation identified in children with ASD. We found that human microglia display increased elimination of post-synapse in cerebral organoids carrying the SCN2A mutation. Our study establishes a key role of microglia in multi-species autism-associated models of SCN2A deficiency from mouse to human cells.
Identification of Ion Channel-Related Genes as Diagnostic Markers and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Liu Yongming , Yizhe Xiong , Zhikai Qian , Yupeng Wang , Xiang Wang , Mengyuan Yin , Guoqing Du , Hongsheng Zhan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage. Although the role of ion channels in OA pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, diagnostic markers and targeted therapies remain limited. In this study, we analyzed the GSE48556 dataset to identify differentially expressed ion channel-related genes (DEGs) in OA and normal controls. We identified a total of 47 DEGs, with the majority involved in transient receptor potential (TRP) pathways. To select potential diagnostic markers, we employed machine learning algorithms, LASSO and SVM-RFE, and identified seven genes (CHRNA4, GABRE, HTR3B, KCNG2, KCNJ2, LRRC8C, and TRPM5) as the best characteristic genes for distinguishing OA from healthy samples. The differential expression of these seven marker genes was validated, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to explore their involvement in biological pathways. We performed clustering analysis and identified two distinct subtypes of OA, C1 and C2, with differential gene expression and immune cell infiltration profiles. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified three key genes (PPP1R3D, ZNF101, and LOC651309) associated with OA. We constructed a prediction model using these genes and validated it using the GSE46750 dataset, demonstrating reasonable accuracy and specificity. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of ion channel-related genes in OA pathogenesis and offer potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of OA.
Towards a comprehensive regulatory map of Mammalian Genomes
Authors: Gonçalves Tássia Mangetti , Stewart Casey L , Baxley Samantha D , Xu Jason , Li Daofeng , Gabel Harrison W , Wang Ting , Avraham Oshri , Zhao Guoyan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Genome mapping studies have generated a nearly complete collection of genes for the human genome, but we still lack an equivalently vetted inventory of human regulatory sequences. Cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) play important roles in controlling when, where, and how much a gene is expressed. We developed a training data-free CRM-prediction algorithm, the Mammalian Regulatory MOdule Detector (MrMOD) for accurate CRM prediction in mammalian genomes. MrMOD provides genome position-fixed CRM models similar to the fixed gene models for the mouse and human genomes using only genomic sequences as the inputs with one adjustable parameter – the significance p-value. Importantly, MrMOD predicts a comprehensive set of high-resolution CRMs in the mouse and human genomes including all types of regulatory modules not limited to any tissue, cell type, developmental stage, or condition. We computationally validated MrMOD predictions used a compendium of 21 orthogonal experimental data sets including thousands of experimentally defined CRMs and millions of putative regulatory elements derived from hundreds of different tissues, cell types, and stimulus conditions obtained from multiple databases. In ovo transgenic reporter assay demonstrates the power of our prediction in guiding experimental design. We analyzed CRMs located in the chromosome 17 using unsupervised machine learning and identified groups of CRMs with multiple lines of evidence supporting their functionality, linking CRMs with upstream binding transcription factors and downstream target genes. Our work provides a comprehensive base pair resolution annotation of the functional regulatory elements and non-functional regions in the mammalian genomes.
Evaluating the differential effects of treadmill training and Baduanjin on prefrontal cortical activity during dual-task walking in Parkinson's disease: Study protocol using a fNIRS device
Authors: Hui Juan , Li Zhenlan , Xu Shanshan , Yu Junwu , Tang Min , Zhou Lifeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have shown impaired gait rhythmicity and increased prefrontal activation during complex tasks, presumably to compensate for decreased automaticity. Exercise can reduce cortical excitability and enhance automaticity, thereby improving walking function. However, the effectiveness of treadmill training and Baduanjin on prefrontal activity has received little attention when patients with PD walk under different dual-task conditions. This randomized control trial (RCT) will investigate the comparative effects of treadmill training and Baduanjin on prefrontal activation and gait function during both single and dual tasks in PD.
Methods:
This RCT will be designed as a single-center, three-arm, single-blind study. One hundred and forty-four participants will be allocated into treadmill training, Baduanjin, or waitlist control groups. Participants in both the treadmill training and Baduanjin groups will receive 45 min of specific exercise three times weekly for 12 weeks. Participants in the control groups will maintain routine care and lifestyle. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after a 12-week intervention, and at the end of a12-week follow-up. The primary outcomes will be prefrontal activation (oxygenated hemoglobin concentration, HbO2) measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and gait parameters (gait speed, stride length, double-phase time, stride variability, and step width) assessed by an electronic walkway with pressure sensors. The secondary outcomes will be motor function, balance, mobility, and quality of life.
Discussion:
This study will determine whether treadmill training or Baduanjin is more effective in reducing prefrontal activation and improving gait function. If the findings are consistent with our expectations, they may help clinicians and physical therapists to manage gait impairments in patients with PD and to select targeted interventions for them.
Trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/. Trial number: ChiCTR2300075048. Registered on 23 Aug 2023.
Biosolid as an Alternative Source of Nutrients in Chrysanthemum Cultivation
Authors: Pereira Frederico Luiz , Oliveira Ursuléia Aparecida , Andrade Márcio Donizetti , Figueiredo Felipe Campos , Santos Breno Régis , Carvalho Marília , Barbosa Sandro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The objective was to evaluate the biosolids as an alternative source of nutrients in the production of chrysanthemums by adding increasing doses to the cultivation substrate. The experimental design was in blocks with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of the mixture (commercial substrate + biosolid) at the concentrations: 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of biosolid + two controls (100% of biosolid and 100% of substrate). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse for 90 days. Physiological parameters, number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation were evaluated. Physiological parameters were evaluated using the Infrared Gas Analyzer. The number of flower buds was evaluated by counting. Biomass was determined after drying the structures and then calculated the accumulation of nutrients. A total of 90 plants were evaluated. Concentrations of up to 40% of biosolid promoted a greater number of flower buds, dry biomass and nutrient accumulation. Concentrations above 60% lower number of buds, biomass increment and nutrient accumulation. It is concluded that the biosolid has potential as an alternative source of nutrients in the cultivation of chrysanthemums, indicating concentrations of up to 40% and the nutrient content of each batch generated must be verified.
Expanding the Frontiers of Distributed Medical Education (DME) in Psychiatry: Perspectives on Facilitators, Obstacles, and Influential Factors Affecting Psychiatrists' Willingness to Engage in Scholarly Activities
Authors: Dias Raquel da Luz , Hazelton Lara , Esliger Mandy , Brown Peggy Alexiadis , Tibbo Phil G. , Sinha Nachiketa , Njoku Anthony , Satyendra Satyanarayana , Siddhartha Sanjay , Rahman Faisal , Maguire Hugh , Gray Gerald , Bosma Mark , Parker Deborah , Connolly Owen , Raji Adewale , Manning Alexandra , Bagnell Alexa , Shalaby Reham , Agyapong Vincent Israel Opoku 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Distributed Medical Education (DME), a decentralized model focused on smaller cities and communities, has been implemented worldwide to bridge the gap in psychiatric education. However, successful implementation and expansion of DME requires a thorough understanding of enablers, barriers, and the factors influencing psychiatrists' participation in scholarly activities, with faculty engagement playing a crucial role. This study aims to explore the expansion of DME in psychiatry, specifically focusing on these aspects.
Methodology
: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of an environmental scan of Dalhousie Faculty of Medicine’s DME programs in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Quantitative data was collected through online surveys administered to psychiatrists from eight administrative health zones in both provinces. The surveys gathered information on sociodemographic factors, practice-related characteristics, and medical education. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed to identify associations and predictors.
Results
The study included 60 psychiatrists practicing in both provinces. The findings reveal a gender imbalance in the psychiatric workforce, with a majority of participants (40/58, 69%) being male. International medical graduates made significant contributions to the psychiatric workforce (39/60, 65%). A considerable number of psychiatrists (43/59, 72.9%) held academic appointments, reflecting a strong academic presence. General adult psychiatry emerged as the primary specialization (37/58, 63.8%), and just above a third reported practicing psychotherapy (22/58, 37.9%). Factors such as availability for formal training, holding academic appointments, and practicing psychotherapy influenced psychiatrists' willingness to engage in scholarly activities.
Conclusion
This study provides valuable insights into the profiles and perspectives of psychiatrists regarding e DME in the Maritimes Provinces. Implementing the recommendations stemming from this research has the potential to enhance medical education and optimize psychiatrists' engagement in scholarly activities, ultimately contributing to the development of a comprehensive and equitable mental health system.
The Effect of Soil Environmental Factors on the Yield and Quality of Pueraria lobata
Authors: Fahuo Li , Li Yuting , Huang Jianming , Li Jingying , Xiao Dong , Li Yong , He Longfei , Wang Ai-qin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pueraria lobata is a typical medicinal and edible plant with great market value and demand, thus exploring the relationship between soil environmental factors and the yield and quality of Pueraria lobata is of great significance for its high-value cultivation. In this study, using the Guige 1 variety (Pueraria montana var. Thomsonii) selected by our research group as the material to compare the effects of five soil types, endophytes in three parts of Pueraria lobata and two fertilizers on its yield and quality. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation effect of five soil types on the yield and quality of Guige 1 was as follow: red-yellow mixed soil (RYMS) > black loam soil (BLS) > sandy loam soil (SLS) > sandy loam soil waterlogging (SLSW) > yellow soil compaction soil (YSCS); the descending order of endophyte types and quantities is in BLS > RYMS > SLS > YSC > SLSW; applying General Compound Fertilizers (GCF) in RYMS is more suitable for the rapid expansion of Guige 1 than Organic-Slow-Release-Fertilizers (OSRF). The high potassium content in RYMS and high effective phosphorus content in BLS are positively correlated with the content of starch and isoflavone in Pueraria lobata. The research results have important guiding significance for the high-value cultivation of Pueraria lobata.