bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of secondhand smoke with fracture risk in community-dwelling nonsmoking adults in Korea
Authors: Ahn Junyeong , Park Hye-Sun , Cho Sung Joon , Baek Seungjin , Rhee Yumie , Hong Namki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Although the detrimental effects of active smoking on bone health have been widely recognized, the impact of secondhand smoke exposure on fracture risk in non-smokers remains less understood. A total of 4843 nonsmokers aged 40–69 yr, who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study from 2001 to 2018, were analyzed. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their exposure status to secondhand smoke: currently exposed and unexposed. The exposure group was subsequently divided into two subgroups based on the median weekly exposure time (high vs low). The incidence of new fractures was determined using self-reported questionnaires. The identified fractures were categorized according to the fracture site: overall, vertebral, hip, non-vertebral, and non-vertebral non-hip fractures. The mean age of the participants was 52.4 yr (84.1% women). Exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with an increased risk of fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.27, P = 0.028) after adjusting for multiple covariates including age, sex, BMI, household income, bone density of mid-shaft tibia, C-reactive protein, alcohol consumption, and fracture history. Secondhand smoke remained as a significant risk factor for fracture, independent of the major osteoporotic fracture probabilities estimated using a fracture risk assessment tool (aHR: 1.24, P = 0.038). The high exposure group had higher risk of fracture than that of the unexposed group (aHR: 1.33, P = 0.025), whereas the fracture risk did not differ significantly between low exposure and unexposed groups (aHR: 1.18, P = 0.253), suggesting a potential dose–response relationship. Secondhand smoke showed robust association with increased risk of non-vertebral (aHR: 1.37, P = 0.008) or non-vertebral non-hip fractures (aHR: 1.36, P = 0.013), while its association with vertebral fracture was attenuated (aHR: 1.03, P = 0.908). Secondhand smoke was associated with an elevated risk of fracture in nonsmokers, independent of clinical risk factors.
Becoming the Father of Modern India: Rammohun Roy and the Politics of Paternity
Authors: Kulkarni Parashar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article examines the posthumous reception of India’s most famous religious reformer, hailed as the ‘Father of Modern India’, Raja Rammohun Roy, from the 1830s to the present decade. During the late colonial period, the British administration and Bengali elites used class networks and print capitalism to establish Roy as the father to show compradorship amidst calls for independence. After independence, the INC retained Roy to counter the rise of more popular Hindu movements. In the period of INC decline, the BJP elevated Swami Vivekananda instead of Roy as a representative of majoritarian Hinduism. Economic and political coalitions in control of legitimating institutions elevate and sustain fathers as positive cultural symbols in response to competing claims. By emphasising party competition and issue ownership within multi-national federalism, this article complements decolonisation, cult-of-personality, and regime change as explanations for the rise and fall of public fathers.
Health and productivity management initiatives to promote worker health and improve the workplace environment at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Ito Ryotaro , Moriya Kenta , Tateishi Seiichiro , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Okazaki Ryuji , Suzuki Katsunori , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Mori Koji 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, measures have been taken to address occupational health risks, such as heat illness and infectious diseases, and ensure fitness for duty with the Tokyo Electric Power Company and its contractors. However, with the decommissioning operations set to span several decades and an aging workforce, there arose a need for proactive occupational health strategies that not only addressed these risks but also promoted employee health and created a comfortable work environment. With the Japanese government’s promotion of health and productivity management (HPM) for corporations, an HPM-based initiative was launched at the FDNPP in 2019.
Case: We designed an HPM questionnaire tailored to the unique conditions at the FDNPP for contractors in 2019. Subsequently, we adjusted the questionnaire annually in light of evolving societal contexts and insights derived from contractors’ feedback. This initiative also involved the annual recognition of outstanding contractors. These efforts have led to a steady increase in the number of contractors participating in the HPM survey, with respondents’ scores continually improving. We also emphasized dissemination of HPM practices from contractors to their subcontractors due to the complex subcontracting structure at FDNPP, and our results showed that more contractors have been extending these efforts to their subcontractors.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that individual contractors are steadily enhancing their HPM efforts. We are committed to continually offering support to advance HPM throughout the FDNPP.
The secretory function of adipose tissues in metabolic regulation
Authors: Liu Yang , Qian Shu-Wen , Tang Yan , Tang Qi-Qun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In addition to their pivotal roles in energy storage and expenditure, adipose tissues play a crucial part in the secretion of bioactive molecules, including peptides, lipids, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles, in response to physiological stimulation and metabolic stress. These secretory factors, through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, regulate various processes within adipose tissues. These processes include adipogenesis, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and adaptive thermogenesis, all of which are essential for the maintenance of the balance and functionality of the adipose tissue micro-environment. A subset of these adipose-derived secretory factors can enter the circulation and target the distant tissues to regulate appetite, cognitive function, energy expenditure, insulin secretion and sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, cardiovascular remodeling, and exercise capacity. In this review, we highlight the role of adipose-derived secretory factors and their signaling pathways in modulating metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, we delve into the alterations in both the content and secretion processes of these factors under various physiological and pathological conditions, shedding light on potential pharmacological treatment strategies for related diseases.
The World of Sound as a Prison: Ideal and Actual Concepts of Music in the Writings of Huldrych Zwingli
Authors: Lundberg Mattias 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Huldrich Zwingli held a highly censorious view of music in private and public worship. It has often been noted that his stance was almost the polar opposite of that of Martin Luther. A more specific disagreement between Zwingli and Luther, however, seems to have gone largely unnoticed in the vast modern literature on music and theology in sixteenth-century reformation movements, namely that of the ontology of music as sounding, sensory object vis-à-vis music as a silently imagined and grasped (ideal) entity. A number of passages from Zwingli’s writings suggest a rather peculiar version of the distinction between body and spirit as regards aural perception in general, and music in particular. The present study scrutinizes what seems to be Zwingli’s arguments against sound and music as sensory elements in conflict with the ideal realm of the highest order of music theory.
Past Political Asymmetry and Present Public Opinion: How Has the Asymmetrical Federation of the EU Shaped Popular Opinion of Its Optimal Shape?
Authors: Moland Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Asymmetries in the formal obligations and rights afforded to sub-units are mainstays of many federations that have been extensively studied from many angles. However, we know relatively little about how these asymmetries shape views on federalism in the future. By leveraging data on differentiated integration in the European Union (EU), conceptually very similar to asymmetrical federalism, and survey data on attitudes toward the optimal future of it, I show that historical exposure to differentiated integration resulting from a bottom-up process of demands for sub-unit autonomy correlates to increased support for permanent differentiation in the future, especially among those critical of the EU. However, the opposite applies to differentiation imposed by the EU. A legacy of asymmetric federalism may thus breed opposition or support for unitary European federalism, depending on both the mode of past asymmetry that citizens have been exposed to and their views of the EU.
Can atherogenic indices and the triglyceride-glucose index be used to predict erectile dysfunction?
Authors: Sambel Murat , Erdogan Abdullah , Caglayan Volkan , Avci Sinan , Kilic Sahin , Yildiz Halil Emre , Keskin Ercument 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Atherosclerosis and insulin resistance play an important role in the development of erectile dysfunction (ED), and few studies have comprehensively evaluated more specific indicators like atherogenic indices and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in the assessment of ED.

Aim
This study aimed to reveal the role of atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], Castelli risk index-1/2 [CRI-1/2], and atherogenic coefficient [AC]) based on plasma lipid ratios, which have been used as more sensitive indicators of atherosclerosis in recent years, and the TyG index, a practical indicator of insulin resistance, in predicting vasculogenic ED.

Methods
The study included a total of 199 patients who met the inclusion criteria and a total of 51 control subjects without ED complaints according to the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores (&gt;21) between May 2021 and October 2022. For all participants, the demographic and biochemical parameters were evaluated, and atherogenic indices, namely CRI-1 (total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein [HDL]), CRI-2 (LDL/HDL) AIP [log10(triglycerides/HDL)], and AC (non-HDL/HDL), as well as the TyG index [Ln {fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2}] were calculated.

Outcomes
The TyG index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance, and atherogenic indices such as CRI-1, AIP, and AC were significantly associated with ED, and especially AIP and the TyG index seem to be more important in the evaluation of ED.

Results
According to the univariate analysis, the patient group had significantly higher CRI-1 (5.3 ± 1.4 vs 4.7 ± 1.3; P = .005), AIP (0.31 ± 0.26 vs 0.13 ± 0.2; P &lt; .001), AC (4.1 ± 1.4 vs 3.70 ± 1.2; P = .026), and TyG (9.16 ± 0.71 vs 8.77 ± 0.52; P &lt; .001) values compared with the control group. In the correlation analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between the AIP and TyG index and the IIEF-5 scores (r2 = 0.120, P &lt; .001 between AIP and IIEF-5; r2 = 0.091, P &lt; .001 between TyG index and IIEF-5). The multivariate analysis revealed AIP and the TyG index as independent predictive factors for ED.

Clinical Implications
The use of atherogenic indices and TyG index in daily urology practice can help physicians in the diagnosis and follow-up of ED.

Strengths and Limitations
The lack of sex hormone–binding globulin and free testosterone levels represents a limitation of our study. Another limitation is that the severity of ED was determined using the IIEF-5 scores, rather than a more objective method, such as penile artery ultrasound.

Conclusion
Atherogenic indices and the TyG index can be used as inexpensive and practical markers to predict the severity of arteriogenic ED.
Coexisting Lower Back Pain in Patients With Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Nakarai Hiroyuki , Kato So , Hirao Yujiro , Maayan Omri , Kawamura Naohiro , Higashikawa Akiro , Takeshita Yujiro , Ono Takashi , Fukushima Masayoshi , Hara Nobuhiro , Azuma Seiichi , Iwai Hiroki , Taniguchi Yuki , Matsubayashi Yoshitaka , Takeshita Katsushi , Tanaka Sakae , Oshima Yasushi 
Published: January 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:
The aim of the present study is to investigate the coexisting lower back pain (LBP) in patients with cervical myelopathy and to evaluate changes in LBP after cervical spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Only a few studies with a small number of participants have evaluated the association between cervical myelopathy surgery and postoperative improvement in LBP.

Methods:
Patients who underwent primary cervical decompression surgery with or without fusion for myelopathy and completed preoperative and 1-year postoperative questionnaires were reviewed using a prospectively collected database involving 9 tertiary referral hospitals. The questionnaires included the patient-reported Japanese Orthopaedic Association (PRO-JOA) score and Numerical Rating Scales (NRS). The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for NRS-LBP was defined as >30% improvement from baseline. Patient demographics, characteristics, and PRO-JOA score were compared between patients with and without concurrent LBP, and the contributor to achieving the MCID for LBP was analyzed using logistic regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 786 consecutive patients with cervical myelopathy were included, of which 525 (67%) presented with concurrent LBP. LBP was associated with a higher body mass index (P<0.001) and worse preoperative PRO-JOA score (P<0.001). Among the 525 patients with concurrent LBP, the mean postoperative NRS-LBP significantly improved from 4.5±2.4 to 3.4±2.7 (P<0.01) postoperatively, with 248 (47%) patients reaching the MCID cutoff. Patients with a PRO-JOA recovery rate >50% were more likely to achieve MCID compared with those with a recovery rate <0% (adjusted odd ratio 4.02, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
More than 50% of patients with myelopathy reported improvement in LBP after cervical spine surgery, and 47% achieved the MCID for LBP, which was positively correlated with a better PRO-JOA recovery rate. Treating cervical myelopathy in patients with concomitant LBP may be sufficient to mitigate concomitant LBP.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Surgeon Experience Is the Most Important Predictor of Case Failure Rate for Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation
Authors: Fan Yichen , Sauer Andrew , Kark Jonathan , Wright James , Yoo Jung U. 
Published: January 2024

Study Design:
Retrospective database analysis.

Objective:
Determine risk factors and failure rate of anterior odontoid screw fixation surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF) stabilizes type II dens fractures while preserving cervical motion. Despite having potential advantages, AOSF’s failure rate and factors contributing to failure remain unknown.

Materials and Methods:
We identified AOSF patients in the national claims database Pearldiver using CPT code 22318. Failure was defined as the requirement of supplementary posterior fusion surgery in the C1–C2 or occiput-C2 region after the AOSF. We considered potential predictors of failure including age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), surgeon experience, history of osteoporosis, obesity, and tobacco use. Univariate comparison analysis and logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with the need for additional posterior surgery.

Results:
For 2008 identified cases of AOSF, 249 cases (12.4%) required additional posterior fusion. Seventy-one of the 249 cases (28.5%) underwent revision surgery on the same day as the AOSF. Over 86% of revisions (215 cases) occurred within 200 days of the initial procedure. Posterior fusion rates are inversely correlated with surgeon experience, with the most experienced surgeons having a rate of 10.0%, followed by 11.5% for moderately experienced surgeons, and 15.0% for the least experienced surgeons. When comparing moderate and inexperienced surgeons to experienced surgeons, the odds ratios for posterior fusion were 1.18 (P>0.05) and 1.61 (P<0.006), respectively. Logistic regression revealed that both lesser experience (odds ratio=1.50) and osteoporosis (odds ratio=1.44) were the only factors significantly associated with failure (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate a correlation between AOSF success and surgeon experience. While currently published results suggest higher success rates, most of this data originates from experienced surgeons and specialized centers, therefore, they may not accurately reflect the failure rate encountered in a more general practice setting.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
The slave trade and the origins of matrilineal kinship
Authors: Lowes Sara , Nunn Nathan 
Published: January 2024

Matrilineal kinship systems—where descent is traced through mothers only—are present all over the world but are most concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. We explore the relationship between exposure to Africa’s external slave trades, during which millions of people were shipped from the continent during a 400-year period, and the evolution of matrilineal kinship. Scholars have hypothesized that matrilineal kinship, which is well-suited to incorporating new members, maintaining lineage continuity and insulating children from the removal of parents (particularly fathers), was an adaptive response to the slave trades. Motivated by this, we test for a connection between the slave trades and matrilineal kinship by combining historical data on an ethnic group’s exposure to the slave trades and the presence of matrilineal kinship following the end of the trades. We find that the slave trades are positively associated with the subsequent presence of matrilineal kinship. The result is robust to a variety of measures of exposure to the slave trades, the inclusion of additional covariates, sensitivity analyses that remove outliers, and an instrumental variables estimator that uses a group’s historical distance from the coast as an instrument. We also find evidence of a complementarity between polygyny and matrilineal kinship, which were both social responses to the disruption of the trades.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.
Language matters: how normative expressions shape norm perception and affect norm compliance
Authors: Kuang Jinyi , Bicchieri Cristina 
Published: January 2024

Previous studies have used various normative expressions such as ‘should’, ‘appropriate’ and ‘approved’ interchangeably to communicate injunctions and social norms. However, little is known about whether people's interpretations of normative language differ and whether behavioural responses might vary across them. In two studies (totaln= 2903), we find that compliance is sensitive to the types of normative expressions and how they are used. Specifically, people are more likely to comply when the message is framed as an injunction rather than as what most people consider good behaviour (social norm framing). Behaviour is influenced by the type of normative expression when the norm is weak (donation to charities), not so when the norm is strong (reciprocity). Content analysis of free responses reveals individual differences in the interpretation of social norm messages, and heterogeneous motives for compliance. Messages in the social norm framing condition are perceived to be vague and uninformative, undermining their effectiveness. These results suggest that careful choice of normative expressions is in order when using messages to elicit compliance, especially when the underlying norms are weak.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Social norm change: drivers and consequences’.
Navigating contradictions:SalmonellaTyphimurium chemotactic responses to conflicting effector stimuli
Authors: Franco Kailie , Gentry-Lear Zealon , Shavlik Michael , Harms Michael J. , Baylink Arden 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChemotaxis controls motility and colonization in many enteric pathogens, yet most studies have examined bacterial responses to single effectors in isolation. Previously, we reported thatSalmonellaTyphimurium uses the chemoreceptor Tsr to detect L-serine (L-Ser) in human blood serum, promoting invasion of damaged vasculature (Glenn et al., eLife20241). Tsr also mediates sensing of indole, a microbiota-derived chemorepellent and bactericide proposed to protect against enteric infection by deterring pathogen colonization. The major biological reservoir of indole in the gut is feces, where it accumulates to millimolar levels. Here, we tested whether indole-rich human fecal material is protective against infection and found that exposure to feces instead enhances intestinal invasion in an explant model. Surprisingly, diverse non-typhoidalSalmonellaserovars were strongly attracted to feces despite its high indole content. We found that while pure indole is a strong repellent sensed through Tsr, its effects are overridden in the presence of nutrient attractants, including L-Ser. Moreover, indole only minimally impairs growth in the presence of sufficient nutrients. Using video microscopy, we observed that Tsr integrates L-Ser and indole signals in real time, biasing bacterial movement based on the relative concentrations of attractant and repellent. We propose that this chemotactic compromise optimizes pathogen fitness by guiding bacteria to niches with a favorable L-Ser-to-indole ratio, balancing nutrient acquisition and avoidance of high microbial competitor density. These findings highlight the limitations of single-effector studies in predicting bacterial navigation in complex environments, where chemotaxis is shaped by the integration of multiple, often opposing, chemical cues.
Context dependent contributions of the direct and indirect pathways in the associative and sensorimotor striatum
Authors: Cuevas Nisa , Llanos-Moreno Argelia , Ramírez-Armenta Kathia I. , Alatriste-León Hector , Ramírez Jarquin Josué O. , Tecuapetla Fatuel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTo determine whether the contributions of striatal projection neurons from the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways of the basal ganglia to action selection and locomotion can be generalized across the associative (DMS) and sensorimotor (DLS) striatum we compared the optogenetic activation or inhibition of these pathways on different tests. We show that self-modulation of dSPNs or iSPNs in either compartment has opposite contributions to real-time place preference, and to selecting an action in the DMS but not in the DLS. During reward seeking displacements, activation of either pathway in both compartments, or inhibition of dSPNs in the DMS slows movement. During spontaneous displacements, dSPNs activation showed opposing effects depending on the compartment modulated. Remarkably, inhibition of either pathway in the DLS decreases while only iSPNs inhibition in the DMS facilitates these displacements. These findings support a model of opposite, complementary and undescribed contributions of the striatal pathways depending on the compartment and context.