bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance sampling of seismic tsunami sources with near-field emphasis for inundation PTHA: benchmarking with complete ensembles
Authors: Abbate A , Davies G , Lorito S , Kalligeris N , Romano F , Tonini R , Volpe M 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARY
Site-specific Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA) is a powerful tool for coastal planning against tsunami risk. However, its typically high computational demands led to the introduction of a Monte Carlo Stratified Importance Sampling (SIS) approach, which selects a representative subset of scenarios for numerical inundation simulations. We here empirically validate this sampling approach, for the first time to our knowledge, using an existing extensive data set of numerical inundation simulations for two coastal sites in the Mediterranean Sea (Catania and Siracusa, both located in Sicily, Italy). Moreover, we propose a modified importance sampling function to prioritize seismic tsunami scenarios based on their arrival time at an offshore point near the target site, in addition to their wave amplitude and occurrence rate as leveraged in the previous work. This sampling function is applied separately in each earthquake magnitude bin, and allows denser sampling of near-field earthquakes to whose variations tsunamis are very sensitive. We compare the confidence intervals of the offshore PTHA estimates obtained with the new and the original importance sampling functions. Then, we benchmark our onshore PTHA estimates obtained with both functions against the inundation PTHA calculated using the full set of scenarios. We also test the assumption that onshore random errors follow a normal distribution, as found previously for the offshore case. As a result of the benchmarks, we find that the SIS approach works satisfactorily. Introducing the arrival time as an additional sampling factor enhances the precision of the estimates of both the mean and the percentiles for the two coastal sites considered. With this modification it is possible to deal efficiently with heterogeneous near-field earthquake sources involving coastal deformation at Catania and Siracusa, in addition to regional crustal and subduction sources. By comparing the sampling errors with the model (epistemic) uncertainty, an optimal trade-off between the number of simulations employed and the uncertainty of the PTHA model can be found, even for such a complex situation. A relatively small number of scenarios, on the order of a few thousand, is sufficient to perform site-specific PTHA for practical applications. These numbers correspond to 4–8 per cent of the already reduced ensembles used in previous assessments at the same sites.
Balancing the right to health and commercial speech: the approach of Argentina’s Supreme Court
Authors: Cerra Berenice 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) cause significant human and economic costs globally. Each year, 17 million people die from an NCD before age 70. The burden of NCDs is associated with socioenvironmental, cultural factors and social behavior, including modifiable risk factors like tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption. NCDs can be prevented if healthy environments are guaranteed by the promotion of effective public policies that control the behavior of the tobacco, food and alcohol industries. The regulation of marketing strategies of unhealthy products, and even its ban, has been demonstrated as an effective measure to protect the right to health and promote human rights. However, companies that produce and commercialize these ultra-processed food products argue that protecting measures restricting marketing violate their constitutional right to freedom of speech, among others. Regarding tobacco product marketing activities, the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina has ruled that it is afforded less constitutional protection than political speech and could be restricted to protect public health and human rights. This article examines the tobacco marketing case and, using an analytical framework argues that the proportionality test used by the Supreme Court could indeed be applied to ultra-processed food products. It is concluded that a complete ban on ultra-processed food product marketing would be constitutionally valid.
In situ zooplankton density estimates at a foraging site in the Canadian Arctic are below minimum prey thresholds for adult bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: McLennan Hayley , Fortune Sarah , den Haan Manon , Bazinet Alexis , Cox Martin J , Proud Roland , Mackie Connor , Kilabuk Ricky , Brierley Andrew S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) are an iconic Arctic species with a critical ecological role as a top predator. Bowheads can reach up to 80 tonnes and 20 m, yet feed on zooplankton four orders of magnitude smaller. Arctic zooplankton community composition and distribution are changing, which may have direct impacts on bowhead foraging. Data on the threshold prey density for successful bowhead feeding are needed to predict these impacts. However, zooplankton densities are patchy temporally and spatially, influenced by oceanographic conditions that alter the location of energetically profitable patches. We assessed spatio-temporal patterns in zooplankton abundance and distribution using a multi-frequency echosounder following a systematic and opportunistic survey near feeding whales in Iqalujjuaq Fjord, Cumberland Sound, Nunavut (65.66°N, 65.20°W) during August 2023. Zooplankton net samples were used to validate the acoustic data. There was a strong link between copepod distribution and environmental variables (e.g. water depth and tidal cycle) (generalized additive models, P &lt; .001). Copepods were present in 49.8% of the fjord, with a median density of 3240 copepods m−3 and 0.26 g C m−3. Based on published prey density requirements, this site provides feeding opportunities for juveniles but is insufficient for the needs of adults (&gt;0.44 g C m−3).
Moduli Spaces of Nilpotent Displays
Authors: Bartling Sebastian , Hoff Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We show that the moduli problem of deformations of nilpotent displays by quasi-isogenies is representable, without using $p$-divisible groups. The main ingredients are Artin’s criterion and the theory of truncated displays. This gives in particular a new proof for the representability of Rapoport–Zink spaces.
Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized companion animals in China in 2022–23
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhai Yimeng , Jiang Chenwei , Liu Huan , Li Zhenyu , Yuan Yafang , Song Jinfeng , Yuan Shuai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, bacteria isolated from companion animals in China were taxonomically identified and assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pets.

Methods
From October 2022 to October 2023, 5468 samples were collected from pets, predominantly from cats and dogs, in China, of which 5253 bacterial strains were identified (&gt;98%). Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using the VITEK 2 COMPACT system and the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results
The most common bacterial species were Escherichia coli (14.5%) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (13.6%). E. coli exhibited high resistance to ampicillin and cefpodoxime (56.8%–73.2%) but moderate resistance to doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate (18.1%–38.5%). Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. were resistance to several antimicrobials (32.2%–57.7%). High susceptibility to imipenem was noted in Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter spp. (91.7%–94.1%). Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. demonstrated higher resistance than coagulase-negative strains. Enterococcus faecium showed greater resistance to some antimicrobials compared with E. faecalis. Streptococcus spp. exhibited low resistance to enrofloxacin (1.6%) and penicillin (1.1%).

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that AMR is widespread in companion animals in China, emphasizing the need for continuous surveillance. The accumulation of commercial antimicrobial susceptibility data can improve understanding of AMR and promote more effective antimicrobial stewardship and clinical practices in veterinary medicine.
Evaluating robustly standardized explainable anomaly detection of implausible variables in cancer data
Authors: Röchner Philipp , Rothlauf Franz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Explanations help to understand why anomaly detection algorithms identify data as anomalous. This study evaluates whether robustly standardized explanation scores correctly identify the implausible variables that make cancer data anomalous.

Materials and Methods
The dataset analyzed consists of 18 587 truncated real-world cancer registry records containing 8 categorical variables describing patients diagnosed with bladder and lung tumors. We identified 800 anomalous records using an autoencoder’s per-record reconstruction error, which is a common neural network-based anomaly detection approach. For each variable of a record, we determined a robust explanation score, which indicates how anomalous the variable is. A variable’s robust explanation score is the autoencoder’s per-variable reconstruction error measured by cross-entropy and robustly standardized across records; that is, large reconstruction errors have a small effect on standardization. To evaluate the explanation scores, medical coders identified the implausible variables of the anomalous records. We then compare the explanation scores to the medical coders’ validation in a classification and ranking setting. As baselines, we identified anomalous variables using the raw autoencoder’s per-variable reconstruction error, the non-robustly standardized per-variable reconstruction error, the empirical frequency of implausible variables according to the medical coders’ validation, and random selection or ranking of variables.

Results
When we sort the variables by their robust explanation scores, on average, the 2.37 highest-ranked variables contain all implausible variables. For the baselines, on average, the 2.84, 2.98, 3.27, and 4.91 highest-ranked variables contain all the variables that made a record implausible.

Discussion
We found that explanations based on robust explanation scores were better than or as good as the baseline explanations examined in the classification and ranking settings. Due to the international standardization of cancer data coding, we expect our results to generalize to other cancer types and registries. As we anticipate different magnitudes of per-variable autoencoder reconstruction errors in data from other medical registries and domains, these may also benefit from robustly standardizing the reconstruction errors per variable. Future work could explore methods to identify subsets of anomalous variables, addressing whether individual variables or their combinations contribute to anomalies. This direction aims to improve the interpretability and utility of anomaly detection systems.

Conclusions
Robust explanation scores can improve explanations for identifying implausible variables in cancer data.
Building an allergy reconciliation module to eliminate allergy discrepancies in electronic health records
Authors: Blackley Suzanne V , Lo Ying-Chih , Varghese Sheril , Chang Frank Y , James Oliver D , Seger Diane L , Blumenthal Kimberly G , Goss Foster R , Zhou Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Accurate, complete allergy histories are critical for decision-making and medication prescription. However, allergy information is often spread across the electronic health record (EHR); thus, allergy lists are often inaccurate or incomplete. Discrepant allergy information can lead to suboptimal or unsafe clinical care and contribute to alert fatigue. We developed an allergy reconciliation module within Mass General Brigham (MGB)’s EHR to support accurate and intuitive reconciliation of discrepancies in the allergy list, thereby enhancing patient safety.

Materials and Methods
We combined data-driven methods and knowledge from domain experts to develop 5 mechanisms to compare allergy information across the EHR and designed a user interface to display discrepancies and suggested reconciliation actions, with links to relevant data sources. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to assess the module’s performance and measure user acceptance.

Results
We implemented and tested the proposed allergy reconciliation mechanisms and module. A comprehensive integration workflow was developed for the module, which was piloted among 111 primary care physicians at MGB. F1 scores of the reconciliation mechanisms range from 0.86 to 1.0. Qualitative analysis showed majority positive feedback from pilot users.

Discussion
Our allergy reconciliation module achieved high performance, and physicians who used it largely accepted its recommendations. However, 56% of the pilot group ultimately did not use the module. User engagement and education are likely needed to increase adoption.

Conclusion
We built a module to automatically identify discrepancies within patients’ allergy records and remind providers to reconcile and update the allergy list. Its high accuracy shows promise for enhancing patient safety and utility of drug allergy alerts.
A novel machine learning-based cancer-specific CVD risk score among patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer
Authors: Stabellini Nickolas , Makram Omar M , Kunhiraman Harikrishnan Hyma , Daoud Hisham , Shanahan John , Montero Alberto J , Blumenthal Roger S , Aggarwal Charu , Swami Umang , Virani Salim S , Noronha Vanita , Agarwal Neeraj , Dent Susan , Guha Avirup 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cancer patients have up to a 3-fold higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population. Traditional CVD risk scores may be less accurate for them. We aimed to develop cancer-specific CVD risk scores and compare them with conventional scores in predicting 10-year CVD risk for patients with breast cancer (BC), colorectal cancer (CRC), or lung cancer (LC).

Methods
We analyzed adults diagnosed with BC, CRC, or LC between 2005-2012. An ML Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm ranked 40-50 covariates for predicting CVD for each cancer type using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values. The top 10 ML-predictors were used to create predictive equations using logistic regression and compared to ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE), Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT), and Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation-2 (SCORE2) using the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
We included 10,339 patients: 55.5% had BC, 15.6% had CRC, and 29.7% had LC. The actual 10-year CVD rates were: BC 21%, CRC 10%, and LC 28%. The predictors derived from the ML algorithm included cancer-specific and socioeconomic factors. The cancer-specific predictive scores achieved AUCs of 0.84, 0.76, and 0.83 for BC, CRC, and LC, respectively, and outperformed PCE, PREVENT and SCORE2, increasing the absolute AUC values by up to 0.31 points (with AUC ranging from 0 to 1). Similar results were found when excluding patients with cardiac history or advanced cancer from the analysis.

Conclusion(s)
Cancer-specific CVD predictive scores outperform conventional scores and emphasize the importance of integrating cancer-related covariates for precise prediction.
From camp to quarter: the contention of post-disaster social housing in al-Mankubin, North Lebanon
Authors: Forster Robert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The neighbourhood of al-Mankubin was established as an encampment for the displaced of Tripoli, North Lebanon, after a disastrous flood in 1955. This article analyses the history of a lesser-known internal displacement camp in Lebanon and its urban consolidation. In contrast to narratives of Mankubin’s abandonment by the state, this article argues that actors within Lebanon’s fragmented state supported the establishment and growth of the quarter. The issue of squatting on state-owned land is interrogated through an analysis of the flood relief process in the 1950s and the subsequent derailment of the housing project for the flood-displaced. Today, al-Mankubin sits at the intersection of social housing and encampment, perpetuated over seven decades by the absence of land tenure and as a site of convergence for displaced persons and migrants from Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria.
Device-assisted versus manual circumcision: a prospective, comparative, multicenter study
Authors: García Rojo Esther , Alonso Isa Manuel , Manfredi Celeste , Lo Re Mattia , Belli Simone , García Gómez Borja , Fiorillo Alessandro , Celada Guillermo , Justo Quintas Juan , Bozzini Giorgio , Fraile Agustín , Romero-Otero Javier 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Circumcision is a common urological procedure performed for various medical, cultural, religious, and aesthetic reasons.

Aim
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of device-assisted (DeCi) and manual circumcision (MaCi) in adult European patients.

Methods
We conducted a prospective, comparative, non-randomized multicenter study including 200 consecutive adult males undergoing circumcision under local anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups (MaCi or DeCi) based on patient preferences following proper counseling. Follow-up was scheduled at 1 week and 1 month post-surgery. Surgical and postoperative outcomes were recorded, with patient satisfaction with aesthetic results as the primary outcome, and procedure-related complications as secondary outcomes. Satisfaction was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, while postoperative complications were classified using the Clavien-Dindo (CD) system.

Outcomes
A total of 200 patients (100 per group) were included. The DeCi group had a significantly shorter mean operative time than the MaCi group (11.20 ± 5.92 vs. 23.20 ± 7.93 minutes, P &lt; .001). Patient satisfaction with aesthetic results was significantly higher in the DeCi group, with 67.4% of patients being “very satisfied” or “satisfied” compared to 36.7% in the MaCi group (P &lt; .001). The DeCi group also reported significantly lower perceived pain during surgery (mean ± SD visual analogue scale [VAS] score: 1.54 ± 1.77 vs. 4.20 ± 2.10 points, P = .025) and at 1 month postoperatively (mean ± SD VAS score: 0.54 ± 1.03 vs. 2.35 ± 2.77, P &lt; .001). Intraoperative and postoperative complication rates were similar between groups, with no significant differences (P &gt; .05). Only 5% of patients in the MaCi group and 4% in the DeCi group experienced a CD Grade ≥ 3 postoperative complication.

Clinical Implications
DeCi appears to offer superior aesthetic outcomes and reduced pain compared to MaCi, making it a promising option for circumcision in adult European men.

Strengths & Limitations
This is the first study directly comparing DeCi and MaCi in a European adult population. The study's strengths include its prospective multicenter design, large sample size, and use of validated tools for outcome evaluation, which enhance the reliability and generalizability of the results. However, the non-randomized design, the age difference between groups, the testing of only one circumcision device model, and the lack of a cost-effectiveness analysis limit the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion
In adult European men, DeCi offers superior aesthetic results and a similar safety profile compared to MaCi, though further research is needed to address the study's limitations.
X-ray surface brightness fluctuations in smooth galaxy cluster atmospheres
Authors: Li Muzi , McNamara B R , Zhuravleva Irina 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
We measure surface brightness fluctuations in Chandra X-ray images of the cores of the galaxy clusters Abell 2029, Abell 2151, Abell 2107, RBS0533, and RBS0540. Their relatively structureless X-ray atmospheres exhibit the thermodynamic properties of cool-cores including short central cooling times and low entropy. However, unlike typical cool-core clusters, molecular gas, star formation, and bubbles associated with radio jets are faint or absent near their central galaxies. Four clusters show typical gas density fluctuation amplitudes of $\sim~$10 per cent on the scales probed, apart from RBS0540, which exhibits lower amplitudes, suggesting that its gas is mildly disturbed. Under the assumption that gas density fluctuations are indicative of random gas velocities, we estimate scale-dependent velocity amplitudes of gas motions across all studied clusters, which range from 100 to 200 $\rm\sim~km~s^{-1}$ in Abell 2029, Abell 2151, and Abell 2107. These velocity estimates are comparable to the atmospheric velocity dispersion in the Perseus cluster measured by the Hitomi X-ray Observatory. The turbulent heating rates implied by our measurements are of the same order as the radiative cooling rates. Our results suggest that atmospheric sloshing and perhaps turbulent motion may aid radio jets in stabilizing atmospheric cooling.
GRB 220831A: a hostless, intermediate gamma-ray burst with an unusual optical afterglow
Authors: Freeburn James , O’Connor Brendan , Cooke Jeff , Dobie Dougal , Möller Anais , Tejos Nicolas , Zhang Jielai , Beniamini Paz , Auchettl Katie , DeLaunay James , Dichiara Simone , Fong Wen-fai , Goode Simon , Gordon Alexa , Kilpatrick Charles D , Lien Amy , Mihalenko Cassidy , Ryan Geoffrey , Siellez Karelle , Suhr Mark , Troja Eleonora , Van Bemmel Natasha , Webb Sara 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
GRB 220831A is a gamma-ray burst (GRB) with a duration and spectral peak energy that places it at the interface between the distribution of long-soft and short-hard GRBs. In this paper, we present the multiwavelength follow-up campaign to GRB 220831A and its optical, near-infrared, X-ray and radio counterparts. Our deep optical and near-infrared observations do not reveal an underlying host galaxy, and establish that GRB 220831A is observationally hostless to depth, $m_i\gtrsim 26.6$ AB mag. Based on the Amati relation and the non-detection of an accompanying supernova, we find that this GRB is most likely to have originated from a collapsar at $z\gt 2$, but it could also possibly be a compact object merger at $z\lt 0.4$ with a large separation distance from its host galaxy. Regardless of its origin, we show that its optical and near-infrared counterpart departs from the evolution expected from a dominated synchrotron afterglow, exhibiting a steep post-break temporal power-law index of $-3.83^{+0.62}_{-0.79}$, too steep to be the jet-break. By analysing a range of models, we find that the observed steep departure from forward shock closure relations is likely due to an internal process producing either a flare or a plateau.