bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome to parents/caregivers: An international Delphi consensus
Authors: Brunklaus Andreas , Schubert‐Bast Susanne , Darra Francesca , Nickels Katherine , Breuillard Delphine , Giuffrida Andrea , Eldred Claire , Flege Silke , Cardenal‐Muñoz Elena , Sánchez‐Carpintero Rocío 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by drug‐resistance, lifelong seizures, and significant comorbidities including intellectual and motor impairment. Receiving a diagnosis of Dravet syndrome is challenging for parents/caregivers, and little research has focused on how the diagnosis should be given. A Delphi consensus process was undertaken to determine key aspects for healthcare professionals (HCPs) to consider when communicating a Dravet syndrome diagnosis to parents/caregivers.MethodsFollowing a literature search and steering committee review, 34 statements relating to the first diagnosis consultation were independent‐ and anonymously voted on (from 1, totally inappropriate, to 9, totally appropriate) by an international group of expert child neurologists, neuropsychiatrists, nurses, and patient advisory group (PAG) representatives. The statements were divided into five chapters: (i) communication during the first diagnosis consultation, (ii) information to be delivered during the first diagnosis consultation, (iii) points to be reiterated at the end of the first diagnosis consultation, (iv) information to be delivered at subsequent consultations, and (v) communication around genetic testing. Statements receiving ≥ 75% of the votes with a score of ≥7 and/or with a median score of ≥8 were considered consensual.ResultsThe statements were evaluated by 44 HCPs and PAG representatives in the first round of voting; 29 statements obtained strong consensus, 3 received good consensus, and 2 did not reach consensus. The committee reformulated and resubmitted 4 statements for evaluation (42/44 voters): 3 obtained strong consensus and 1 remained not consensual. The final consensual recommendations include guidance on consultation setting, key disease aspects to convey, how to discuss genetic testing results, disease evolution, and the risk of SUDEP, among other topics.SignificanceIt is hoped that this international Delphi consensus will facilitate a better‐structured initial diagnosis consultation and offer further support for parents/caregivers at this challenging time of learning about Dravet syndrome.Plain Language SummaryDiagnosis of Dravet syndrome, a rare and severe form of childhood‐onset epilepsy, is often challenging to give to parents. This international study developed guidance and recommendations to help healthcare professionals better structure and personalize this disclosure. By following this advice, doctors can provide more tailored support to families, improving their understanding and management of the condition.
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival Trends in the United States: A Population‐Based Analysis of Two Decades
Authors: Sangal Neel R. , Xu Katherine , Kaki Praneet , Cannady Steven , Brody Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTImportanceLaryngeal cancer has undergone a complex evolution in incidence, management, and standards of care over the past 20 years. Disease‐wide demographic and survival risk factors have yet to be elucidated.ObjectiveExamine incidence, management, and survival trends in laryngeal cancer from 2000 to 2019.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was utilized to identify age‐adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCCa) from 2000 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was conducted to identify annual percentage changes (APCs). Chi‐squared analysis was used to find changes in demographic, clinicopathologic, and treatment changes over the study period. Finally, univariate Kaplan–Meier and COX multivariate regressions were conducted to identify survival differences.ResultsThere were 46 266 cases of LSCCa identified between 2000 and 2019 with AAIR of 2.7 per 100 000 person‐years with APC of −2.6% [95% CI: −2.8% to 2.4%]. These rates have largely been down‐trending among demographic substratifications. Age at initial diagnosis has been increasing (64.6 → 66.0, p < 0.001). Higher median household income was associated with lower AAIR (35 000 5.3; > $75 000 2.2) and increased annual percentage decrease (< $35 000, −1.1%*; > $75 000, −3.2%*). There were no other clinically significant differences in demographic and clinicopathologic trends although persistent demographic differences were noted. Late T‐stage at diagnosis has increased over the study period (T3, 18% → 23%, p < 0.001). Treatment with primary chemoradiotherapy has increased significantly (20.0% → 27.0%, p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, there were no significant differences in survival; however, on multivariate analysis, there has been a progressive improvement in disease‐specific and overall survival over 5‐year bins. Late‐stage disease had a progressive improvement in survival with each treatment period on both univariate and multivariate analysis.Conclusions and RelevanceThere has been a progressively significant decrease in age‐adjusted incidence of LSCCa with increased utilization of primary chemoradiotherapy. When adjusted for associated characteristics, there has been a continuing improvement in survival over the study period, primarily in late‐stage disease.
Clinicopathological Significance of Extranodal Extension in Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Kijima Natsumi , Uzawa Yui , Hirai Yuri , Nojima Yusuke , Aoyama Jun , Takahashi Hideaki , Arai Yasuhiro , Sano Daisuke , Nishimura Goshi , Oridate Nobuhiko , Fujii Satoshi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe AJCC cutoff value of 2 mm for the extranodal extension (ENE) distance was determined from an analysis of patients with or without adjuvant therapy. The purpose of this study was to find out the ENE distance that reflects prognosis only in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) who received adjuvant therapy.MethodsThe ENE distance was defined for 109 patients who underwent surgery for SCC of larynx or hypopharynx as a primary tumor.ResultsTo standardize patient conditions, only 26 patients who received additional postoperative treatment were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the ENE distance for overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) yielded a cutoff value of 4250 μm. Multivariate analysis showed that the ENE distance was an independent poor prognostic factor for OS and RFS.ConclusionThe optimal ENE distance cutoff for OS and RFS in postoperatively treated patients was 4250 μm.
Belief Shocks and Implications of Expectations About Growth‐at‐Risk
Authors: Boeck Maximilian , Pfarrhofer Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper revisits the question of how shocks to expectations of market participants can cause business cycle fluctuations. We use a vector autoregression to estimate dynamic causal effects of belief shocks which are extracted from nowcast errors about output growth. In a first step, we replicate and corroborate the findings of Enders, Kleemann, and Müller (2021). The second step computes nowcast errors about growth‐at‐risk at various quantiles. This involves both recovering the quantiles of the nowcast distribution of output growth from the Survey of Professional Forecasters, and, since the true quantiles of output growth are unobserved, estimating them with quantile regressions. We document a lack of distinct patterns in response to shocks arising from nowcasts misjudging macroeconomic risk. Although the differences are statistically insignificant, belief shocks about downside risk seem to produce somewhat sharper business cycle fluctuations.
Biosafety and Efficacy Studies of Colchicine‐Encapsulated Liposomes for Ocular Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Yuan Lu , Kang Daohuan , Teng Liping , Chen Nan , Zhan Jiao , Yu Rui , Wang Yong , Lu Bin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTInflammation is a critical component in the progression of various ocular diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, leading to significant vision loss. Colchicine has been used for treating gout with its anti‐inflammatory effect. However, free colchicine demonstrated cytotoxicity to ocular cells and cannot directly be used for eye disease. Thus, this study introduces, for the first time, the development and use of colchicine‐encapsulated liposomes as a novel therapeutic approach for managing inflammation‐driven ocular conditions. The encapsulation of colchicine within liposomes represents a significant innovation, aimed at enhancing biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy while minimizing cytotoxic effects associated with free colchicine. Our research synthesized colchicine‐loaded liposomes and assessed their therapeutic impact on human monocytes, macrophages, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in an inflammatory environment. The findings reveal a groundbreaking improvement in treatment strategies, with a substantial reduction in TNF‐alpha‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in RPE cells. Moreover, the colchicine‐loaded liposomes significantly inhibited the proliferation and ROS production in activated monocytes and macrophages and effectively decreased interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 secretion, highlighting their strong anti‐inflammatory properties and showed slightly better suppression of these two cytokines than dexamethasone‐liposomes.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Loaded Alginate‐Based Injectable Hydrogel for Meniscal Tear Repair: In Vivo Evaluation in Lapine Model
Authors: Resmi Rajalekshmi , Parvathy Jayasree , Anjali Sudha , Amrita Natarajan , Jyothi Arun , Harikrishnan V. S. , John Annie , Joseph Roy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlatelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been employed for orthopedic applications for decades due to the abundance of bioactive cues/growth factors that ameliorate the proliferation and migration of relevant cells involved in tissue repair/regeneration. In this work, PRP was incorporated into injectable compositions of alginate‐based hydrogel and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests revealed that PRP addition promoted cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and distribution of seeded fibrochondrocytes on the hydrogel. Further, the DNA quantification and sGAG estimation confirmed the production of fibrocartilage‐specific extracellular matrix, predominantly type 1 collagen and sGAG. For in vivo evaluation, tears were created surgically in the rabbit menisci and were filled with injectable hydrogel. Sham and hydrogel without PRP were used as controls. Histopathological evaluation after 3 months of implantation revealed that the healing was partial for sham control, but complete for hydrogel without PRP. The hydrogel served as the scaffold for fibrocartilage tissue regeneration. On the other hand, PRP‐incorporated hydrogel showed good healing with low signs of inflammation as evidenced by histology and biochemical content. The healing was complete, and the nature of the regenerated tissues was very close to native tissue indicating that alginate‐based hydrogel is a promising candidate for meniscal tissue repair.
Pathogens and Prognosis of Deep Neck Infection in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Lu Ang , Tsai Yao‐Te , Tsai Ming‐Shao , Hsu Cheng‐Ming , Yang Yao‐Hsu , Liu Chia‐Yen , Chang Geng‐He 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the differences in pathogenic bacterial spectra between patients with deep neck infection (DNI) with and without liver cirrhosis (LC). The goal is to identify specific pathogens prevalent in LC‐DNI to guide the selection of empiric antibiotics, improving treatment outcomes and prognosis.Study DesignThis is a retrospective study.MethodsThe Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) is a deidentified medical database encompassing seven hospitals within Taiwan's largest medical system. We analyzed data from 2004 to 2018 on DNI patients hospitalized with or without LC, categorizing them into these two groups. This study primarily focused on comparing the bacterial culture results of these groups, alongside an analysis of their treatment modalities (medication alone or surgery) and prognostic outcomes.ResultsFrom a total of 11,455 DNI patients identified in the CGRD, 76 LC‐DNI patients and 11,178 non‐LC‐DNI patients met the inclusion criteria after exclusions. The LC group had significantly higher rates of surgical debridement (34.2% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.002), ICU admission (22.4% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.004), and mediastinal complications (7.9% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.005). Although the overall mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups (6.6% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.401), the mediastinitis‐related mortality rate was significantly higher in the LC‐DNI group (2.6% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.015). Bacterial culture analysis revealed that LC‐DNI patients predominantly presented with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) as the primary facultative anaerobic pathogen, whereas non‐LC‐DNI patients were most infected with Viridans streptococcus (VS). For anaerobic bacteria, both groups consistently cultured Peptostreptococcus micros and Prevotella intermedia as the predominant species.ConclusionsLC‐DNI patients are predominantly infected with KP, a Gram‐negative bacillus, unlike the Gram‐positive cocci, VS, in non‐LC‐DNI. Anaerobic pathogens were similar in both groups. Empiric antibiotics for LC‐DNI should target KP and anaerobes to improve outcomes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2025
Development and laboratory assessment of a subsea particle image velocimetry system for bubble and turbulence measurements in marine seeps
Authors: Ying Xuchen , Reasad Mustahsin , Wang Binbin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present the development and laboratory evaluation of RPiPIV, an underwater particle image velocimetry (PIV) system controlled by a Raspberry Pi. Designed specifically to measure bubble characteristics and bubble‐induced flow in natural hydrocarbon seeps, RPiPIV comprises three primary pressure enclosures, housing a consumer‐grade laser for particle illumination, a Gig‐E camera for image capture, a Raspberry Pi for system control, and essential supporting electronics for voltage conversion, battery management, and remote connection. Operating on 24–36 V DC power, the RPiPIV system can be deployed tethered onto a remotely operated vehicle or self‐contained for extended duration measurements. Comparing the RPiPIV and a laboratory high‐speed camera system, we conducted assessments of bubble imaging in a bubble stream and PIV measurements in a water jet, bubble‐chain flow, and single‐orifice bubble plume. Laboratory assessments revealed that bubble diameter estimates differed by approximately 5%. In PIV measurements, mean axial velocities exhibited differences of approximately 5%, while turbulent normal and shear stresses showed variances within 10–30%. Dissipation rates of turbulence kinetic energy differed by approximately 60%. These findings underscore the system's potential for reliably quantifying complex multiphase flow characteristics in deep‐sea environments.
Perfect Soliton Crystal Linear‐Wave Scattering Enables Spectrum Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Hongyi , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFrequency translation induced by the nonlinear interaction between a soliton microcomb and a linear wave has been proposed to create a comb spectrum with broad spanning. Bragg scattering triggers the coherent four‐wave‐mixing process to generate new frequency components. Utilizing the perfect soliton crystal (PSC) linear‐wave scattering allows for the reconstruction of the comb spectrum, achieving spectral broadening and increasing the number of lines. By simultaneously separating two probe lasers on each edge of the PSC comb to stimulate the idler combs, the spectrum expands outward on both sides. Additionally, the study forms a pair of interleaved combs comprising PSC and idler combs with matching comb spacing to enhance the number of lines. The shape and efficiency of the idler comb are adjusted by varying the probe laser power and detuning. In comparison to the PSC comb with a 4% conversion efficiency, the idler comb exhibits a significantly higher conversion efficiency of nearly 50%. The findings demonstrate a straightforward method to reconstruct the PSC comb by introducing a probe laser to overcome the limitations imposed by microring properties.
Multichannel Parallel Mode Order Converter for On‐Chip Reconfigurable PDM‐MDM Transmission
Authors: Yuan Zhe , Wang Yongchen , Fan Hangming , Liu Xiaoyang , Cheng Mengfan , Yang Qi , Tang Ming , Liu Deming , Deng Lei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe increasing demand for communication capacity has led to extensive exploration of hybrid multiplexing technologies that combine multiple wavelengths, modes, and polarization. Nevertheless, designing mode converters for hybrid multiplexing remains challenging. Reconfigurable and scalable multichannel parallel mode converters offer an attractive solution for efficient mode switching with a small footprint. In this paper, a compact and high‐performance dual‐polarization multichannel parallel mode order converter based on metamaterials is proposed, which consists of two components. One of the components is the flexible and compact multimode beam splitter designed by the rapidly convergent variable step size binary search algorithm. The other component is the dual‐polarization phase shifter that maximizes the feature size of the non‐subwavelength structure, significantly reducing the adverse effects of over‐etching. The experimental results demonstrate that the insertion loss of each mode is below 1.96 dB, while the crosstalk of each input mode is lower than −13.4 dB. The feasibility of high‐speed transmission is demonstrated by transmitting 30 GBuad 16‐quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals on the device. This device is believed to be the first dual‐polarization multichannel parallel mode converter reported to date. This innovative device holds great potential for enhancing communication capacity in reconfigurable and scalable hybrid multiplexed transmission systems.
Comparing Who We Are to Who We Could Be: How Future Self‐Images Influence Consumer Choices
Authors: Taylor Alex , Carlson Jamie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper extends an adjacent perspective to social comparison theory: temporal comparison theory, which refers to intraindividual comparison over time (i.e., comparing the present self with past or future selves), and develops this theory in the context of virtual consumer identity. Building on existing literature on social comparison theory, temporal comparison theory, identity theory, and self‐concept theories, and advancements in technology‐driven virtual self‐expression, we propose a preliminary theoretical framework that outlines the mechanisms, processes, and consequences of reflective and predictive temporal comparison and their relationship to social comparison theory. We elucidate how temporal comparison influences consumers' development of self, emotional regulation, pursuit of wellbeing, and associated consumer behavior, particularly in virtual contexts. Insights resulting from our integrated theoretical approach suggest that predictive temporal comparisons serve motivations (e.g., assessing personal growth or decline) that may not be addressed by comparisons with social others. By examining the role of social and temporal comparison in contemporary consumer behavior, particularly in digitally mediated experiences, our study provides deeper understanding of the relationship between comparison and self‐concept. We present implications for researchers, marketers, and society, and suggest research directions to explore temporal and social comparison as complementary theories in understanding the digital consumer.
A Universal Method for the Synthesis of new Heterocyclic Systems: Pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines
Authors: Sirakanyan Samvel N. , Spinelli Domenico , Geronikaki Athina , Kartsev Victor G. , Hakobyan Elmira K. , Jughetsyan Hasmik V. , Yegoryan Hasmik A. , Hovakimyan Anush A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe synthesis of pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines was performed in four steps. Compounds obtained by acylation of the starting amino esters of thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines were reacted with various amines. The resulting amino derivatives underwent cyclization in the presence of hydrazine hydrate leading to new aminomethyl derivatives of thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidines. Further cyclization of the latter resulted to the synthesis of new unique heterocyclic systems: pyrido[3′′,2′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:4,5]pyrimido[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazines. The uniqueness of these systems lies in the fact that even the combination of the last two cycles represents a new heterocyclic system.
Has the Era of Individualized Intrauterine Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Arrived?
Authors: Fu Xinyu , Xia Yanjie , Li Shaojun , Zhao Zhenhua , Kong Lingrong , Zhu Jingqi , Li Huanyun , Wu Shitong , Wu Di , Kong Xiangdong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a common metabolic genetic disease. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improve the prognosis. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) is an early, safe, and accurate method. This study aimed to evaluate the NIPD of CAH while guiding individualized intrauterine treatment.MethodsTwenty families with a 25% risk of having a baby with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (21‐OHD) were included. Haplotypes were constructed based on targeted sequencing and family linkage analysis. Relative haplotype dosage (RHDO) combined with Bayes factor was used to infer fetal genotypes. Invasive prenatal diagnosis was performed to verify the reliability of NIPD. For affected‐female fetuses, intrauterine treatment was applied until delivery.ResultsIn 20 families, NIPD successfully identified one female‐affected fetus, four male‐affected fetuses, nine heterozygotes, and five normal fetuses. The first‐pass success rate of NIPD was 90% (18/20), the reporting rate was 95% (19/20), and the accuracy was 100% (19/19). Individualized intrauterine treatment avoided 88.9% (8/9) of unnecessary treatment of unaffected female fetuses. Moreover, no significant virilization was observed in the newborn of CAH16, which underwent intrauterine treatment.ConclusionNIPD has far‐reaching implications for the early treatment and clinical management of pregnancy in families with 21‐OHD.
Career Guidance and Counseling Strategy Based on Nusantara Culture for the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in High School: A Narrative Review
Authors: Roziqi Masbahur 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article aims to investigate the contribution of career counseling and guidance based on Nusantara culture in the implementation of the independent curriculum. The scope of this writing is focused on the strategies and implementation of career counseling and guidance in high schools. The research method used a narrative review of career counseling and guidance based on Nusantara culture. The results of this study show that group counseling and classical guidance, as well as culturally infused individual and group counseling, can serve as basic services in the career field within the independent curriculum for high school students. These strategies can be further developed and explored according to the cultural context of each high school in their respective regions.