bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modes of climate mobility under sea-level rise
Authors: Seeteram Nadia A , Ash Kevin , Sanders Brett F , Schubert Jochen E , Mach Katharine J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Exposure to sea-level rise (SLR) and flooding will make some areas uninhabitable, and the increased demand for housing in safer areas may cause displacement through economic pressures. Anticipating such direct and indirect impacts of SLR is important for equitable adaptation policies. Here we build upon recent advances in flood exposure modeling and social vulnerability assessment to demonstrate a framework for estimating the direct and indirect impacts of SLR on mobility. Using two spatially distributed indicators of vulnerability and exposure, four specific modes of climate mobility are characterized: (1) minimally exposed to SLR (Stable), (2) directly exposed to SLR with capacity to relocate (Migrating), (3) indirectly exposed to SLR through economic pressures (Displaced), and (4) directly exposed to SLR without capacity to relocate (Trapped). We explore these dynamics within Miami-Dade County, USA, a metropolitan region with substantial social inequality and SLR exposure. Social vulnerability is estimated by cluster analysis using 13 social indicators at the census tract scale. Exposure is estimated under increasing SLR using a 1.5 m resolution compound flood hazard model accounting for inundation from high tides and rising groundwater and flooding from extreme precipitation and storm surge. Social vulnerability and exposure are intersected at the scale of residential buildings where exposed population is estimated by dasymetric methods. Under 1 m SLR, 56% of residents in areas of low flood hazard may experience displacement, whereas 26% of the population risks being trapped (19%) in or migrating (7%) from areas of high flood hazard, and concerns of depopulation and fiscal stress increase within at least 9 municipalities where 50% or more of their total population is exposed to flooding. As SLR increases from 1 to 2 m, the dominant flood driver shifts from precipitation to inundation, with population exposed to inundation rising from 2.8% to 54.7%. Understanding shifting geographies of flood risks and the potential for different modes of climate mobility can enable adaptation planning across household-to-regional scales.
Microwave assisted synthesis for ϵ-MnO2 nanostructures on Ni foam as for rechargeable Li–O2 battery applications
Authors: Rao R Prasada , Ramasubramanian B , Saritha R , Ramakrishna S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Lithium-air batteries exhibits high practical energy densities ranging from 1000 to 4000 Wh Kg−1, rendering them appealing for applications in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Nevertheless, they grapple with challenges like low charge–discharge efficiency, limited stability over multiple cycles, and electrode degradation stemming from undesirable side reactions, thus impeding their commercial market. In this study, ϵ-MnO2 petal-like nanostructures were synthesized on Ni foam via simple, microwave-assisted synthesis approach. The resulting ϵ-MnO2/Ni electrode demonstrated storage capacities (1982 mAh g−1 discharge capacity at 200 mA g−1) alongside enhanced cyclability and stability over 100 cycles, independent of discharge depth. This electrochemical performance can be attributed to its 3D morphology, oxygen defects, and the absence of side reactions from carbon-based additives. Overall, ϵ-MnO2/Ni electrode catalysts hold potential for realizing cost-effective Li-O2 based energy storage technologies.
Democracy in the ancient world: Greece, Rome, and beyond
Authors: Zack Naomi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the notion of democracy in ancient Greece and Rome. Demokratia primarily referred to the direct, participatory democracy of Athens before being denoted as the quasi-representative government of the Roman Republic. The government structures and democratic rule of both Athens and Rome originated and changed due to internal competition and external pressures. Democratic structures in the ancient world were also present in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa. The chapter elaborates on the ideas of government and ethics that later became modern conceptions of democracy. However, the conception compatible with slavery does not coincide with the modern definition of democracy. Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero provided theories of government and human nature that became important contributions to democratic political theory.
Growth of a national icon: Later years
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the growth of Nelson Mandela as a national icon. It mentions how Winnie Mandela, his wife, represented comfort and hope by keeping a line of connection with political development in the country. Since Nelson Mandela’s first visit, Robben Island had been redesigned to accommodate more long-term political prisoners. The chapter details how Nelson Mandela protested over the racist distinction of Africans, which resulted in his fellow inmates looking at Mandel as a moral authority and model of behaviour. It then discusses the genial, hands-off style of leadership of Nelson Mandela following his inauguration as South Africa’s first democratic president in Pretoria.
What does film music do?
Authors: Kalinak Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Music in film achieves a number of things: it establishes setting; it creates atmosphere; it calls attention to elements within the frame; it reinforces or foreshadows narrative developments; it gives meaning to a characters’ actions or translates their thoughts; it creates emotion and resonates it between the audience and the screen. Film music can unify a series of images that might seem disconnected on their own, and it can impart a rhythm to their unfolding. “What does film music do?” shows how music brings these dimensions to film through the example of the preexisting song “Chica Chica Boom Chic,” performed by Carmen Miranda and heard in The Shape of Water (2017).
Composers and their craft
Authors: Kalinak Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Where do film composers come from? How do composers work when they are scoring a film? What processes do they use? How do these processes differ across different nations and different eras? “Composers and their craft” looks at the composers of some of the most memorable and recognizable music in the world and sketches a picture of the personalities and processes involved. New material since the publication of the first edition in 2010 includes attention to outsourcing in the production of film music, African American composers, women and minority composers in the United States and globally, Ukrainian composers, and recent film scores such as Joker, Soul, Emma, Manchester by the Sea, Jackie, and Encanto.
Origins
Authors: Greenhouse Linda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
How does the Supreme Court in the twenty-first century differ from the intentions of the Framers in 1787? “Origins” looks at the Court’s development from an ill-defined institution, with judges based at home or traveling around the country, to a secure base in the Capitol. Ever since Article III announced a national court with the authority to decide cases “arising under” the country’s Constitution, the role of the Supreme Court has been a matter of dispute. From the beginning, the Court has filled in the blanks contained in Article III. How has the modern Court become able to define and exercise its own power?
The Court and the public
Authors: Greenhouse Linda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
“The Court and the public” argues that a judge’s awareness of public opinion is not only inevitable, but also necessary. Can the Court also influence the public? While over time the Court has more or less aligned itself with public opinion, that relatively stable dynamic broke down in 2022 with the Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization to repudiate the constitutional right to abortion, recognized nearly fifty years earlier in Roe v. Wade. A substantial majority of the public disapproved of the Dobbs decision, according to polls that showed plummeting public confidence in the Court. The long-term implications for the Court’s ability to call on a well of public support remain to be seen.
Rural and Urban Differences in Hypertension Management Through Telehealth Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Commercially Insured Patients
Authors: Lee Jun Soo , Bhatt Ami , Jackson Sandra L , Pollack Lisa M , Omeaku Nina , Lowe Beasley Kincaid , Wilson Cidney , Luo Feijun , Roy Kakoli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a rapid increase in telehealth use. However, limited evidence exists on how rural and urban residents used telehealth and in-person outpatient services to manage hypertension during the pandemic.

METHODS
This longitudinal study analyzed 701,410 US adults (18–64 years) in the MarketScan Commercial Claims Database, who were continuously enrolled from January 2017 through March 2022. We documented monthly numbers of hypertension-related telehealth and in-person outpatient visits (per 100 individuals), and the proportion of telehealth visits among all hypertension-related outpatient visits, from January 2019 through March 2022. We used Welch’s two-tail t-test to differentiate monthly estimates by rural–urban status and month-to-month changes.

RESULTS
From February through April 2020, the monthly number of hypertension-related telehealth visits per 100 individuals increased from 0.01 to 6.05 (P &lt; 0.001) for urban residents and from 0.01 to 4.56 (P &lt; 0.001) for rural residents. Hypertension-related in-person visits decreased from 20.12 to 8.30 (P &lt; 0.001) for urban residents and from 20.48 to 10.15 (P &lt; 0.001) for rural residents. The proportion of hypertension-related telehealth visits increased from 0.04% to 42.15% (P &lt; 0.001) for urban residents and from 0.06% to 30.98% (P &lt; 0.001) for rural residents. From March 2020 to March 2022, the monthly average of the proportions of hypertension-related telehealth visits was higher for urban residents than for rural residents (10.19% vs. 6.96%; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Data show that rural residents were less likely to use telehealth for hypertension management. Understanding trends in hypertension-related telehealth utilization can highlight disparities in the sustained use of telehealth to advance accessible health care.
Geometrical Changes: Change and Motion in Aristotle’s Philosophy of Geometry
Authors: Martini Chiara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
It is often said that Aristotle takes geometrical objects to be absolutely unmovable and unchangeable. However, Greek geometrical practice does appeal to motion and change, and geometers seem to consider their objects apt to be manipulated. In this paper, I examine if and how Aristotle’s philosophy of geometry can account for the geometers’ practices and way of talking. First, I illustrate three different ways in which Greek geometry appeals to change. Second, I examine Aristotle’s ontology of geometrical objects and argue that although the truth-makers of geometrical statements are in fact unmovable because they are properties of sensible objects, geometers ‘separate them in thought’ and treat them as substances apt to be modified. Finally, I examine whether allowing for the possibility of manipulating these semi-fictional geometrical individuals creates problems for the applicability of geometry. I find that it does not, insofar as one accepts that geometry is not meant to track physical change but merely to study the instantaneous geometrical configuration of sensible bodies, and is thus only applicable at the instant.
Dorsal Lipomodeling to Treat Donor Site After Latissimus Dorsi Flap: Safety and Effectiveness
Authors: Alqahtani Sarah , Delay Alexandra , Meruta Andreea , Dupre Aurélien , Frobert Paul , Delay Emmanuel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The latissimus dorsi flap (LDF) is a classic and efficient technique for breast reconstruction. However, its use has recently diminished in surgical practice due to dorsal disadvantages and to the increased use of microsurgical techniques for breast reconstruction, such as the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of managing dorsal problems such as asymmetry, irregularities, and dysesthesia by lipomodeling the back region during the associated surgery for breast reconstruction.

Methods
A series of 300 patients operated by the last author for dorsal lipomodeling to correct sequelae after harvesting the total LDF, between November 2012 and March 2019, was analyzed.

Results
The results show a very good improvement in the dorsal region in 6.7% of cases, good improvement in 86.7% cases, and fair improvement in 6.7% of cases. There was a good improvement in dorsal comfort in 90% of cases, a very good improvement in 6.66% of cases, and a fair improvement in 6.66% of cases. In 5% of cases 2 sessions were required to obtain a satisfactory result. No major complications were registered, and the only complication encountered were oil cysts in 2.6% of cases that were treated during consultation with percutaneous puncture.

Conclusions
This study showed that lipomodeling in the back area after LDF harvesting is an efficient and safe technique that corrects secondary dorsal sequelae such as irregularities, asymmetry, sensitivity, and dysesthesia. This technique should increase the indications for LDF because it decreases donor site sequelae, which are some of the main drawbacks of the LDF approach.

Level of Evidence: 3
Self-supervised deep clustering of single-cell RNA-seq data to hierarchically detect rare cell populations
Authors: Lei Tianyuan , Chen Ruoyu , Zhang Shaoqiang , Chen Yong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a widely used technique for characterizing individual cells and studying gene expression at the single-cell level. Clustering plays a vital role in grouping similar cells together for various downstream analyses. However, the high sparsity and dimensionality of large scRNA-seq data pose challenges to clustering performance. Although several deep learning-based clustering algorithms have been proposed, most existing clustering methods have limitations in capturing the precise distribution types of the data or fully utilizing the relationships between cells, leaving a considerable scope for improving the clustering performance, particularly in detecting rare cell populations from large scRNA-seq data. We introduce DeepScena, a novel single-cell hierarchical clustering tool that fully incorporates nonlinear dimension reduction, negative binomial-based convolutional autoencoder for data fitting, and a self-supervision model for cell similarity enhancement. In comprehensive evaluation using multiple large-scale scRNA-seq datasets, DeepScena consistently outperformed seven popular clustering tools in terms of accuracy. Notably, DeepScena exhibits high proficiency in identifying rare cell populations within large datasets that contain large numbers of clusters. When applied to scRNA-seq data of multiple myeloma cells, DeepScena successfully identified not only previously labeled large cell types but also subpopulations in CD14 monocytes, T cells and natural killer cells, respectively.
compleasm: a faster and more accurate reimplementation of BUSCO
Authors: Huang Neng , Li Heng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Evaluating the gene completeness is critical to measuring the quality of a genome assembly. An incomplete assembly can lead to errors in gene predictions, annotation, and other downstream analyses. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) is a widely used tool for assessing the completeness of genome assembly by testing the presence of a set of single-copy orthologs conserved across a wide range of taxa. However, BUSCO is slow particularly for large genome assemblies. It is cumbersome to apply BUSCO to a large number of assemblies.

Results
Here, we present compleasm, an efficient tool for assessing the completeness of genome assemblies. Compleasm utilizes the miniprot protein-to-genome aligner and the conserved orthologous genes from BUSCO. It is 14 times faster than BUSCO for human assemblies and reports a more accurate completeness of 99.6% than BUSCO’s 95.7%, which is in close agreement with the annotation completeness of 99.5% for T2T-CHM13.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/huangnengCSU/compleasm.
Design of optimal labeling patterns for optical genome mapping via information theory
Authors: Nogin Yevgeni , Bar-Lev Daniella , Hanania Dganit , Detinis Zur Tahir , Ebenstein Yuval , Yaakobi Eitan , Weinberger Nir , Shechtman Yoav 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a technique that extracts partial genomic information from optically imaged and linearized DNA fragments containing fluorescently labeled short sequence patterns. This information can be used for various genomic analyses and applications, such as the detection of structural variations and copy-number variations, epigenomic profiling, and microbial species identification. Currently, the choice of labeled patterns is based on the available biochemical methods and is not necessarily optimized for the application.

Results
In this work, we develop a model of OGM based on information theory, which enables the design of optimal labeling patterns for specific applications and target organism genomes. We validated the model through experimental OGM on human DNA and simulations on bacterial DNA. Our model predicts up to 10-fold improved accuracy by optimal choice of labeling patterns, which may guide future development of OGM biochemical labeling methods and significantly improve its accuracy and yield for applications such as epigenomic profiling and cultivation-free pathogen identification in clinical samples.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/yevgenin/PatternCode
Chronic estradiol exposure suppresses luteinizing hormone surge without affecting kisspeptin neurons and estrogen receptor alpha in anteroventral periventricular nucleus
Authors: Kunimura Yuyu , Iwata Kinuyo , Ishii Hirotaka , Ozawa Hitoshi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mammalian ovulation is induced by a luteinizing hormone surge, which is triggered by elevated plasma estrogen levels; however, chronic exposure to high levels of estradiol is known to inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion. In the present study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of the luteinizing hormone surge by chronic estradiol exposure is due to the downregulation of the estrogen receptor alpha in kisspeptin neurons at hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular nucleus, which is known as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinizing hormone surge generator. Animals exposed to estradiol for 2 days showed an luteinizing hormone surge, whereas those exposed for 14 days showed a significant suppression of luteinizing hormone. Chronic estradiol exposure did not affect the number of kisspeptin neurons and the percentage of kisspeptin neurons with estrogen receptor alpha or c-Fos in anteroventral periventricular nucleus, but it did affect the number of kisspeptin neurons in arcuate nucleus. Furthermore, chronic estradiol exposure did not affect gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. In the pituitary, 14-day estradiol exposure significantly reduced the expression of Lhb mRNA and LHβ-immunoreactive areas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced luteinizing hormone release was also reduced significantly by 14-day estradiol exposure. We revealed that the suppression of an luteinizing hormone surge by chronic estradiol exposure was induced in association with the significant reduction in kisspeptin neurons in arcuate nucleus, luteinizing hormone expression in the pituitary, and pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and this was not caused by changes in the estrogen receptor alpha-expressing kisspeptin neurons in anteroventral periventricular nucleus and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, which are responsible for estradiol positive feedback.
Thyroid surgery in children and adolescents: results from a multi-institutional German and Austrian database
Authors: Weber Theresia , Hummel Rainer , Vorländer Christian , Zielke Andreas , Hermann Michael , Krappitz Anna , Negele Thomas , Dotzenrath Cornelia , Trupka Arnold , Schabram Jochen , Schmidtmann Irene , Klinger Carsten , Lorenz Kerstin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Outcomes of paediatric thyroid surgery have only been reported in smaller series or over long intervals. The aim of this multicentre study was to describe the recent outcomes of paediatric thyroid surgery in Germany and Austria.

Methods
Patients aged less than or equal to 18 years who underwent thyroid surgery and were prospectively documented in the StuDoQ|Thyroid registry between March 2017 and August 2022 were studied.

Results
In total, 604 patients from 90 institutions were included. The mean age was 15.4 years and 75 per cent of patients were female. The most frequent benign pathologies were nodular goitre (35.6 per cent), follicular adenoma (30.1 per cent), and Graves’ disease (28.5 per cent). Among 126 thyroid malignancies, papillary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 77.8 per cent of patients, follicular thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 10.3 per cent of patients, and medullary thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 8.7 per cent of patients. Lymph node metastases were found in 45.9 per cent of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and in 36.4 per cent of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. Vascular invasion was found in 62.9 per cent of patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The mean tumour diameters were 18, 42, and 13 mm in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and medullary thyroid carcinoma respectively. Early postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was seen in 27 of 556 patients (4.9 per cent) (22 of 617 (3.6 per cent) nerves at risk with intermittent intraoperative nerve monitoring and 5 of 237 (2.1 per cent) nerves at risk with continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring). Persistent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was documented in 4 of 556 patients (0.7 per cent). Early postoperative hypoparathyroidism correlated with Graves’ disease, thyroid carcinoma, and lymph node dissection.

Conclusion
Papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular thyroid carcinoma in children were often advanced at presentation. Persistent or recurrent lymph node metastases were mainly seen in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Overall survival was excellent, but longer follow-up is needed.