bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Biologically Active Compounds from Aqueous Solutions on to Commercial Unmodified Activated Carbons. Part V. The Mechanism of the Physical and Chemical Adsorption of Phenol
Authors: Terzyk Artur P. 
Published: January 2004

The study presented described the influence of temperature as well as pH on phenol adsorption (and the adsorption kinetics) on to three unmodified commercial carbons. The first section of the paper provided a description of the characterization of the carbons employing the most sophisticated method of carbon porosity characterization at present available, i.e. the method of Do and co-workers (the ND method). It was then shown that the ND method leads to the same results as the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The TPD results for D43/1, WD and AHD carbons were then presented and discussed with deconvolution of the peaks being performed. The results obtained together with those already published led to an assignment of the chemical structures of the surface functionalities for all the carbons studied. Thermogravimetric analysis of phenol adsorption indicated that the number of molecules bonded chemically was small. Adsorption of phenol under acidic conditions (pH 1.5) was lower than at neutral pH for all the carbons studied. A description of the corresponding isotherms applying adsorbability, quasi-Freundlich and DA models, together with enthalpy measurements, led to a mechanism for the adsorption of phenol at both pH values. This mechanism was further confirmed by some empirical correlations and by a comparison with data obtained recently for modified chemically carbons. Some new correlations between the properties of the carbon surface and the constants characterizing the process of phenol adsorption suggested recently were extended from data which had been measured for six carbons initially. Analysis of the average hysteresis on the adsorption/desorption isotherms, as well as a comparison of phenol adsorption under oxic and anoxic conditions, led to a mechanism for the irreversible adsorption of phenol. It was suggested that such irreversibility resulted from two effects: the creation of strong complexes between the phenol molecule and surface carbonyl and lactone groups, as well as polymerization. The latter effect arose from the ability of carbon to adsorb oxygen from solution and form superoxo ions. A mechanism for such polymerization was proposed. Finally, the kinetics of the process were considered. The diffusion coefficients were calculated from an application of the analytical solution of Fick's law of diffusion for adsorption in cylindrical particles. It was shown that phenol diffusion occurs via a mixed process involving the carbon surface and pores. The diffusion energy obtained was correlated with the values for the physicochemical parameters of the carbons studied. It was concluded that the mechanism of phenol adsorption was determined not only by so-called ‘π–π interactions’ and ‘donor–acceptor complex’ formation, but also by a ‘solvent effect’ balancing the influence of the two above-mentioned factors, this solvent effect being strongly dependent on the temperature.
Voluntary Agreements for CO2 Emissions Reduction: Evaluation and Perspectives
Authors: Croci Edoardo 
Published: January 2004

Over the last 10 years voluntary agreements have been adopted in Europe as an environmental policy instrument to reduce CO2 emissions. These agreements have been used in accordance with the specific economic, institutional and cultural features of the Member States. The evaluation of the cases of CO2 emission reduction does not, however, provide a definitive answer regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of these agreements. This is due to a number of reasons such as the absence of reference scenarios and the fact that the targets set are often too easy to reach. Nevertheless it is possible to determine some “rules” to design, negotiate, implement and monitor voluntary agreements according to effectiveness, efficiency and equity criteria. Moreover a European model for voluntary agreements at the Community level and a new generation of voluntary agreements are being developed in order to overcome some of the drawbacks of the past agreements.
Isolation of Buildings from Rail-Tunnel Vibration: A Review
Authors: Talbot J.P. , Hunt H.E.M. 
Published: January 2004

Many buildings close to railway tunnels are built on steel springs or rubber bearings to isolate them from the ground-borne vibration. This base isolation of buildings has been employed since the 1960s and is becoming increasingly common as pressure grows to construct high-quality buildings on existing urban sites. This paper reviews the practice and theory behind base isolation, and discusses some recent developments in modelling base-isolated buildings with a view to predicting isolation performance.
Computer Modelling of Urban Noise Propagation
Authors: Ismail M.R. , Oldham D.J. 
Published: January 2004

The nature of noise propagation through the urban fabric is not well understood and this reflects the difficulty in obtaining good quality data. The most promising approach to developing urban noise prediction models is computer simulation. Reflections from building facades are a mixture of specular and diffuse. However, as the order of reflection increases the relative fraction of energy reflected purely specularly will decrease and the reflection characteristics will resemble those of the pure diffuse case. It is proposed that an appropriate approach to the development of propagation models could be based upon specular reflections for the lower orders of reflections and diffuse reflections for higher orders of reflection. An alternative statement of the above is that the specular approach would be most appropriate for modelling near field propagation whilst the diffuse approach might be more appropriate for modelling mid and far field propagation. Two approaches to the development of diffuse prediction models have been identified. The radiosity method would allow the investigation of the effect of the disposition of individual buildings on noise propagation but would be computationally demanding if applied to large scale studies. Conversely, an approach based upon the classical diffusion equation is potentially capable of being applied to large scale studies but will not yield any local detail. It is suggested that both approaches might be suitable for incorporating into a comprehensive model for far field urban noise propagation.
Economic Consequences of Venous Thromboembolism Following Major Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Oster Gerry , Ollendorf Daniel A , Vera-Llonch Montserrat , Hagiwara May , Berger Ariel , Edelsberg John 
Published: January 2004

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent and potentially costly complication of major orthopedic surgery. OBJECTIVE To estimate the economic consequences of VTE following major orthopedic surgery. METHODS Using a large healthcare claims database, we identified all patients who underwent total hip replacement, major knee surgery, or hip fracture repair from January 1993 to December 1998. Patients with clinical VTE (cases) were identified based on a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism within 90 days of surgery (index admission) and ≥1 prescription for warfarin or unfractionated heparin within 30 days of the date of initial VTE diagnosis. Each case was matched (using age and procedure type) to 2 randomly selected patients who did not have any claims for clinical VTE (matched controls). Utilization and billed charges were then examined over a 90-day period following admission. Cases were stratified based on whether VTE was first noted during the index admission or thereafter. RESULTS A total of 11 960 patients were identified who underwent total hip replacement, major knee surgery, or hip fracture repair (n = 3171, 3955, 4834, respectively). Over a 90-day period, 259 patients (2.2%) developed clinical VTE. Most cases (61.8%) occurred after hospital discharge. For patients with in-hospital VTE, mean length of stay for the index admission was 4.5 days longer than that of matched controls (11.1 vs 6.6); by day 90, there was a 5.4-day difference in total hospital days. Mean billed charges for the index admission were $17 552 higher ($52 037 vs $34 485); the difference rose to $18 834 by day 90 ($54 480 vs $35 646). For patients who developed clinical VTE following hospital discharge, there was a 3.4-day difference in total hospital days at day 90 (10.2 vs 6.8) as a result of readmissions for VTE; mean total billed charges at day 90 were $5765 higher ($41 411 vs $35 646) CONCLUSION Among patients who have undergone major orthopedic surgery, the economic consequences of VTE are substantial, regardless of the setting in which it occurs.
Therapy Switching in Patients Receiving Long-Acting Opioids
Authors: Berger Ariel , Hoffman Deborah L , Goodman Seth , Delea Thomas E , Seifeldin Raafat , Oster Gerry 
Published: January 2004

BACKGROUND Patterns of therapy switching in patients receiving long-acting opioids have not been well documented. OBJECTIVE To compare therapy switching among patients beginning treatment with controlled-release (CR) oxycodone, transdermal fentanyl, or CR morphine sulfate. METHODS Using a US healthcare claims database, we identified patients beginning treatment with CR oxycodone, transdermal fentanyl, or CR morphine sulfate between July 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999. We compiled claims for each patient for 6 months following therapy initiation and compared the incidence of therapy switching among the 3 groups. We also estimated total healthcare charges for patients who switched therapy versus those who did not. RESULTS We identified 1931, 668, and 449 patients beginning therapy with CR oxycodone, transdermal fentanyl, and CR morphine sulfate, respectively; 16.7%, 25.0%, and 35.9%, respectively, had cancer. For patients without cancer, rates of therapy switching at 6 months were 10.6% (CR oxycodone), 19.0% (transdermal fentanyl), and 26.0% (CR morphine sulfate); for those with cancer, rates were 23.8%, 24.6%, and 29.8%, respectively. Multivariate hazard ratios (vs CR morphine sulfate) for therapy switching in patients without cancer were 0.36 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.47) for CR oxycodone and 0.69 (0.51 to 0.94) for transdermal fentanyl; for those with cancer, corresponding hazard ratios were 0.72 (0.50 to 1.03) and 0.76 (0.50 to 1.16). Total healthcare charges were significantly (p < 0.01) higher for patients who switched therapy than those who did not ($23 965 vs $14 299 in pts. without cancer; $58 259 vs $39 618 for those with cancer). CONCLUSIONS Patients without cancer who receive CR oxycodone or transdermal fentanyl are less likely to switch therapy than those receiving CR morphine sulfate. Total healthcare charges are higher for patients who switch therapy.
Preterm Fetal Hypoxia-Ischemia Causes Hypertonia and Motor Deficits in the Neonatal Rabbit: A Model for Human Cerebral Palsy?
Authors: Derrick Matthew , Luo Ning Ling , Bregman Joanne C. , Jilling Tamas , Ji Xinhai , Fisher Kara , Gladson Candece L. , Beardsley Douglas J. , Murdoch Geoffrey , Back Stephen A. , Tan Sidhartha 
Published: January 2004

Prenatal hypoxia-ischemia to the developing brain has been strongly implicated in the subsequent development of the hypertonic motor deficits of cerebral palsy (CP) in premature and full-term infants who present with neonatal encephalopathy. Despite the enormous impact of CP, there is no animal model that reproduces the hypertonia and motor disturbances of this disorder. We report a rabbit model ofin uteroplacental insufficiency, in which hypertonia is accompanied by marked abnormalities in motor control. Preterm fetuses (67-70% gestation) were subjected to sustained global hypoxia. The dams survived and gave spontaneous birth. At postnatal day 1, the pups that survived were subjected to a battery of neurobehavioral tests developed specifically for these animals, and the tests were videotaped and scored in a masked manner. Newborn pups of hypoxic groups displayed significant impairment in multiple tests of spontaneous locomotion, reflex motor activity, and the coordination of suck and swallow. Increased tone of the limbs at rest and with active flexion and extension were observed in the survivors of the preterm insult.Histopathological studies identified a distinct pattern of acute injury to subcortical motor pathways that involved the basal ganglia and thalamus. Persistent injury to the caudate putamen and thalamus at P1 was significantly correlated with hypertonic motor deficits in the hypoxic group. Antenatal hypoxia-ischemia at preterm gestation results in hypertonia and abnormalities in motor control. These findings provide a unique behavioral model to define mechanisms and sequelae of perinatal brain injury from antenatal hypoxia-ischemia.
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Cardiac Interventions in the United States
Authors: de Havenon Adam , Zhou Lily W. , Koo Andrew B. , Matouk Charles , Falcone Guido J. , Sharma Richa , Ney John , Shu Liqi , Yaghi Shadi , Kamel Hooman , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceIschemic stroke is a serious complication of cardiac intervention, including surgery and percutaneous procedures. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective treatment for ischemic stroke and may be particularly important for cardiac intervention patients who often cannot receive intravenous thrombolysis.ObjectiveTo examine trends in EVT for ischemic stroke during hospitalization of patients with cardiac interventions vs those without in the United States.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study involved a retrospective analysis using data for 4888 US hospitals from the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample database. Participants included adults (age ≥18 years) with ischemic stroke (per codes from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification), who were organized into study groups of hospitalized patients with cardiac interventions vs without. Individuals were excluded from the study if they had either procedure prior to admission, EVT prior to cardiac intervention, EVT more than 3 days after admission or cardiac intervention, or endocarditis. Data were analyzed from April 2023 to October 2023.ExposuresCardiac intervention during admission.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe odds of undergoing EVT by cardiac intervention status were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Adjustments were made for stroke severity in the subgroup of patients who had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score documented. As a secondary outcome, the odds of discharge home by EVT status after cardiac intervention were modeled.ResultsAmong 634 407 hospitalizations, the mean (SD) age of the patients was 69.8 (14.1) years, 318 363 patients (50.2%) were male, and 316 044 (49.8%) were female. A total of 12 093 had a cardiac intervention. An NIHSS score was reported in 218 576 admissions, 216 035 (34.7%) without cardiac intervention and 2541 (21.0%) with cardiac intervention (P &amp;lt; .001). EVT was performed in 23 660 patients (3.8%) without cardiac intervention vs 194 (1.6%) of those with cardiac intervention (P &amp;lt; .001). After adjustment for potential confounders, EVT was less likely to be performed in stroke patients with cardiac intervention vs those without (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.27; 95% CI, 0.23-0.31), which remained consistent after adjusting for NIHSS score (aOR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.22-0.35). Among individuals with a cardiac intervention, receiving EVT was associated with a 2-fold higher chance of discharge home (aOR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14-4.29).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, patients hospitalized with ischemic stroke and cardiac intervention may be less than half as likely to receive EVT as those without cardiac intervention. Given the known benefit of EVT, there is a need to better understand the reasons for lower rates of EVT in this patient population.
Efficient data collection for camera trap‐based density estimation: A preliminary assessment
Authors: Ternyik Bálint , McKaughan Jamie E. T. , Hill Russell A. , Stephens Philip A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Camera traps have great potential for generating wildlife insights by providing high resolution site‐specific data. Methods of data collection and analysis reliant on these tools for population density estimation can be relatively resource intensive, hindering their mainstream adoption.

Here, we explore the potential of population density estimates derived from a distance sampling method based on optics theory, which greatly simplifies the process of setting up camera sites and analysing data. Specifically, we (1) tested the method on human subjects in an artificial environment, (2) compared it to another method relying on virtual grids on images using wild populations of black‐backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and African civet (Civettictis civetta) in South Africa and (3) deployed it to estimate wild boar (Sus scrofa) population densities in Hungary.

The initial human trials resulted in an estimate that was extremely close to true population density. When compared to the virtual grid method, results suggest that our distance sampling method can deliver accurate estimates with increased convenience and robustness against disruptions of the camera sites. The wild boar study resulted in a realistic density estimate, which can be used as a baseline when assessing future fluctuations in population density.

As this new approach does not have special requirements for setting up camera sites, it is efficient and widely applicable across other density estimation methods requiring an estimate for effective detection distance. Additionally, the method can be applied in the retrospective analysis of existing datasets.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Knee Structural Change and Pain: A 10.7‐Year Follow‐up Study
Authors: Ma Canchen , Searle Daniel , Tian Jing , Cervo Mavil May , Scott David , Hebert James R. , Oddy Wendy H. , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Pan Feng 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo determine whether the dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores were associated with knee structural changes and pain over a 10.7‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis study used data from a prospective population‐based cohort study (mean age 63 years, 51% female) in which 1,099, 875, 768, and 566 participants completed assessments at baseline, 2.6, 5.1, and 10.7 years, respectively. T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed to measure cartilage volume (CV) and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) at baseline and 10.7 years. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain questionnaire was used to measure knee pain at each visit. Pain trajectories (“minimal pain,” “mild pain,” and “moderate pain”) were previously identified. Baseline energy‐adjusted DII (E‐DII) scores were calculated. Linear, log‐binomial regression, linear mixed‐effects modeling, and multi‐nominal logistic regression were used for analyses.ResultsThe mean ± SD E‐DII score at baseline was −0.48 ± 1.39. In multivariable analyses, higher E‐DII scores were not associated with tibial CV loss or BML size increase except for medial tibial BML size increase. Higher E‐DII scores were associated with a higher pain score (β = 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004–0.43) and an increased risk of belonging to the “moderate pain” compared to the “minimal pain” trajectory group (relative risk ratio 1.19; 95% CI 1.02–1.39).ConclusionA proinflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher DII score, may be associated with a greater pain score and higher risk of more severe pain trajectory over 10 years. However, inconsistent findings related to structural changes suggest a discordance between the potential impact of diet on structural damage and pain in knee OA.
Filtered generalized iterative parameter identification for equation‐error autoregressive models based on the filtering identification idea
Authors: Ding Feng , Shao Xingling , Xu Ling , Zhang Xiao , Xu Huan , Zhou Yihong 
Published: January 2024

SummaryBy using the collected batch data and the iterative search, and based on the filtering identification idea, this article investigates and proposes a filtered multi‐innovation generalized projection‐based iterative identification method, a filtered generalized gradient‐based iterative identification method, a filtered generalized least squares‐based iterative identification method, a filtered multi‐innovation generalized gradient‐based iterative identification method and a filtered multi‐innovation generalized least squares‐based iterative identification method for equation‐error autoregressive systems described by the equation‐error autoregressive models. These filtered generalized iterative identification methods can be extended to other linear and nonlinear scalar and multivariable stochastic systems with colored noises.
Giant Critical Thickness in Highly Conducting Epitaxial SrMoO3Electrodes Investigated by Lift‐Off Membranes
Authors: Ruan Yating , Schreyer Philipp , Jiang Tianshu , Liang Fei , Arzumanov Alexey , Dürrschnabel Michael , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Komissinskiy Philipp , Alff Lambert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWithin the huge perovskite materials family, thin films of highly conducting materials such as SrMoO3, SrNbO3, and SrVO3are candidates for low‐loss bottom electrodes in epitaxial all‐oxide devices, in particular for high‐frequency applications. Recently, the fully coherent growth of more than 5 µm thick SrMoO3electrodes in a varactor device prototype epitaxial heterostructure has been reported. This result raises the question of the strain mechanism in such anomalously thick coherent epitaxial layers. Here, this question is addressed by comparing the lattice constants of coherently strained layers and their free‐standing membranes. SrMoO3is mainly elastically strained within the heterostructure and fully relaxed after removal of the substrate. These results indicate a giant critical thickness, making highly conducting perovskites even more outstanding materials for high‐frequency applications that require electrode thicknesses beyond the skin depth. The described technology of lifting off thick SrMoO3membranes joins the emerging field of freestanding oxide layer technology, opening unexplored avenues for single crystal investigations, novel perovskite nanostructures, and wafer transfer of functional oxides, walking in the footsteps of recent developments in van der Waals epitaxial heterostructures.