bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of glucagon-like peptide agonists in the light of prevention of cardiovascular and renal complications
Authors: Demidova T. Yu. , Titova V. V. , Skuridina D. V. 
Published: January 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (arGPP-1) have proven their advantages in persistent reduction of glycemia and HbA1c and achieving targeted control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) as monotherapy or in combination with other medications. These drugs are also highly effective in reducing body weight for both patients with and without DM2.The research results indicate the potential of arGPP-1 in reducing cardiovascular events, especially in patients with pre-existing atherosclerotic diseases. Although with a low risk of cardiovascular disease, such effects may be less obvious.The presence of side effects, especially from the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), the high cost and low availability of drugs may be a limitation for their use. In addition, the advantages in relation to the possible prevention of late complications of DM2 within the group are heterogeneous, if the patient has risk factors, drugs with proven effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes may have advantages. Thus, in some cases, patients may need to change the drug within this class. At the same time, it is important to make a smooth transition between drugs to optimize the treatment of diabetes mellitus and minimize side effects.
Classification of paroxysmal events and the four‐dimensional epilepsy classification system
Authors: Lüders Hans , Vaca Guadalupe Fernandez‐Baca , Akamatsu Naoki , Amina Shahram , Arzimanoglou Alexis , Baumgartner Christoph , Benbadis Selim R. , Bleasel Andrew , Bermeo‐Ovalle Adriana , Bozorgi Alireza , Carreño Mar , Devereaux Michael , Francione Stefano , Losarcos Naiara García , Hamer Hajo , Holthausen Hans , Jamal‐Omidi Shirin , Kalamangalam Giri , Kanner Andrés M. , Knake Susanne , Lacuey Nuria , Lhatoo Samden , Lim Shih Hui , Londoño Luisa V. , Mani Jayanti , Matsumoto Riki , Miller Jonathan P. , Noachtar Soheyl , Palmini André , Park Jun , Rosenow Felix , Shahid Asim , Schuele Stephan , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Ákos Szabó Charles , Tandon Nitin , Terada Kiyohito , van Emde Boas Walter , Widdess‐Walsh Peter , Kahane Philippe 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThis educational review describes the classification of paroxysmal events and a four‐dimensional epilepsy classification system. Paroxysmal events are classified as epileptic and non‐epileptic paroxysmal events. Non‐epileptic events are, in turn, classified as psychogenic and organic paroxysmal events. The following four dimensions are used to classify epileptic paroxysmal events: ictal semiology, the epileptogenic zone, etiology, and comorbidities. Efforts are made to keep these four dimensions as independent as possible.The review also includes 12 educational vignettes and three more detailed case reports classified using the 2017 classification of the ILAE and the four‐dimensional epilepsy classification. In addition, a case is described which is classified using the four‐dimensional epilepsy classification with different degrees of precision by an emergency department physician, a neurologist, and an epileptologist. [Published with video sequences on www.epilepticdisorders.com]
Focal visual status epilepticus
Authors: Stephani Caspar , Paulus Walter , Focke Niels K. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTEpileptic visual auras are elementary to complex and sometimes occur as colourful visual phenomena located close to or within the central part of the contralateral hemi‐field. They typically last from seconds to a few minutes, which discriminates them from the usually longer‐lasting visual auras (5‐30 minutes) of patients suffering from migraine. We present an adult patient with occipital lobe epilepsy whose visual aura under epilepsy monitoring lasted for more than 30 minutes with almost no propagation, demonstrating a rare, but remarkable, sustained local epileptic network activity associated with resection of an occipital arterio‐venous malformation.
Ictal deafness in drug‐resistant MRI‐negative epilepsy
Authors: Ikegaya Naoki , Nakagawa Eiji , Sugai Kenji , Sasaki Masayuki , Saito Takashi , Sumitomo Noriko , Iijima Keiya , Kimura Yuiko , Kaneko Yuu , Iwasaki Masaki 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTIctal clinical semiology indicates where the patient's seizure arises from and how it progresses. A patient's description of a focal sensory seizure may support a surgical decision even when MRI and PET abnormalities are absent. Ictal deafness is a focal auditory seizure characterized by suppression of hearing, presumably originating from the auditory cortex in the temporal lobe. However, the precise localization has not been confirmed with surgical cases. We present a case in which the region from where ictal deafness arose was confirmed by intracranial electroencephalography, with successful epilepsy surgery and review other published cases.
Colour vision in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Uygur Kucukseymen Elif , Genc Fatma , Dogan Berna , Koctekin Belkis , Erdal Abidin , Bicer Gomceli Yasemin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAims. To determine the integrity of colour perception, related to photic sensitivity, in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.Methods. Twenty‐four patients with photoparoxysmal response, 27 patients without photoparoxysmal response, and 32 healthy individuals were investigated using the Farnsworth Munsell‐100 Hue test to calculate error scores for total colour, blue/yellow, and red/green.Results. No significant differences were observed regarding blue/yellow, red/green or total error score between juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients with or without photoparoxysmal response. However, the data for all three scores were significantly higher in both patient groups compared to the healthy control group. In both patient groups, the blue/yellow error score was significantly higher than the red/green error score.Conclusions. We were unable to identify a relationship between photoparoxysmal response and colour vision in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. We believe that the underlying reason why juvenile myoclonic epilepsy patients had significantly higher blue/yellow, red/green, and total error score compared to the healthy control group may be due to GABA dysfunction, which is considered to play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease as well as the physiology of colour vision.
Pathophysiology of encephalopathy related to continuous spike and waves during sleep: the contribution of neuroimaging
Authors: Siniatchkin Michael , Van Bogaert Patrick 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the last three decades, studies on functional neuroimaging have helped us to understand pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for electro‐clinical patterns associated with epileptic encephalopathies with continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (ECSWS). MEG and EEG source reconstruction have revealed sources of pathological brain activity associated with epileptiform discharges in the perisylvian region pointing to the significance of this brain area for ECSWS. PET studies have revealed areas of focal hypermetabolism in perisylvian, superior temporal and inferior parietal regions as well as central cortices which were related to epileptic activity. The widespread hypometabolism in regions that belong to the default network (prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices, parahippocampal gyrus and precuneus) was interpreted as remote inhibition following epileptic activity, which could contribute to cognitive deficits in affected individuals. Note that the described metabolic changes were functional and disappeared after successful treatment and recovery of ECSWS and were found in both sleep and wakefulness which may account for cognitive deficits in patients during the day. EEG‐fMRI studies have revealed a functional fingerprint of epileptic encephalopathy: significant positive BOLD signal changes were identified in the perisylvian regions, prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate as well as thalamus and negative BOLD signal changes in the regions of the default mode network. The pattern of activation represents a propagation of epileptic activity specific to encephalopathy, which is independent of etiology and type of seizure associated with ECSWS. In summary, methods of neuroimaging have shed light on pathogenic mechanisms of ECSWS which may account for a number of clinical phenomena associated with this condition.
Selective deep brain stimulation in the substantia nigra reduces myoclonus in progressive myoclonic epilepsy: a novel observation and short review of the literature
Authors: di Giacopo Andrea , Baumann Christian R. , Kurthen Martin , Capecchi Francesco , Sürücü Oguzkan , Imbach Lukas L. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a patient suffering from pharmacotherapy‐resistant bilateral progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) showing a beneficial response upon selective deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the substantia nigra pars reticulata. As an individual experimental therapeutic approach, we implanted DBS electrodes in the transitional zone between the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Electrode placement allowed for a selective stimulation of either the STN, SNr, or both targets. Postoperatively, we observed a moderate subjective and objective improvement in positive and negative myoclonus by high‐frequency DBS of the STN/SNr transitional zone. However, a systematic exploration of different stimulation settings revealed that monopolar stimulation of the substantia nigra alone was more effective than high‐frequency monopolar DBS of either the motor STN (monopolar) or stimulation of both targets (STN/SNr). This observation confirms earlier findings showing that patients with PME benefit from high‐frequency DBS. However, in contrast to previous reports stimulating the STN/SNr transitional zone, our patient showed the most significant effect upon selective stimulation of the SNr. We propose that in patients undergoing DBS for myoclonus, at least one electrode contact should be placed in the SNr allowing for selective monopolar stimulation of this target.
The varied semiology of seizures in the context of small anterior temporal encephaloceles
Authors: Fong Michael WK. , Sala‐Padro Jacint , Bartley Melissa , Dexter Mark AJ. , Bleasel Andrew F. , Wong Chong H. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAims. Small encephaloceles of the anterior temporal pole have been increasingly recognised as an underlying epileptogenic substrate in patients with medically refractory epilepsy. The current report aims to expand on the current knowledge by emphasising that seizure semiology in such patients can vary significantly.Methods. Patients were selected from an epilepsy surgery database between 2012 and 2017.Results. Of the 143 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery, six patients had a temporal encephalocele. Four of these patients had stereo‐EEG implantation. Of the four patients studied, each had a seizure semiology discordant with an ictal focus in the temporal lobe. Intracranial EEG assessment demonstrated, irrespective of this semiology, seizures originated from the anterior temporal pole. Seizures were observed to rapidly propagate to the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, temporo‐occipital junction, and posterior language regions. Engagement of the mesial temporal structures could occur early or late, however, a good surgical outcome was achieved following a focused lesionectomy in either situation.Conclusion. The major finding was that seizures arising from anterior temporal encephaloceles can have an extra‐temporal semiology. The varied clinical semiology and the rapid propagation to seemingly distant cortical regions could be explained by the connectivity of the anterior temporal lobe.
Quality of EEG recordings in neurology clinics in Iran
Authors: Oroji Farideh , Hoseini Seyed Mohammad , Asadi‐Pooya Ali A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims
. The aim of this study was to investigate the pitfalls in performing EEG in neurology centres in Iran, in order to identify any mistakes and provide appropriate advice for the neurology community.

Methods
. In this cross‐sectional study, all patients who referred to the outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, from April through to June 2018, were asked to provide any EEGs they had from other neurology centres. We reviewed the following information from their EEGs: number of channels, the design of the montages, and the setting of the filters.

Results
. Eighty EEGs from different neurology centres were studied. With respect to the number of channels, 27 centres (34%) recorded 16 or more channels. With regards to the montage design, 34 centres (43%) had an appropriate design(s). With respect to high‐frequency filter, three centres (4%) recorded their EEGs with 70‐Hz high filter. With regards to the low‐frequency filter, 43 centres (54%) recorded their EEGs with 1‐Hz or lower filter. Just one centre performed EEGs in a standard fashion considering all variables.

Conclusion
. In this study, we observed that most neurology centres in Iran did not record EEGs in a standard and acceptable fashion. Provision of a well‐designed educational programme that ensures neurology residents are competent in the fundamentals of EEG recording and interpretation is of paramount significance.
Brain connectivity changes during ictal coughing
Authors: Roux Alexandra , Lagarde Stanislas , McGonigal Aileen , Bartolomei Fabrice 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Coughing is a reflex phenomenon that is protective for the upper airways, involving both a reflex arc in the brainstem and cortical control. Ictal coughing has been prominently reported in temporal lobe seizures, but precise anatomo‐electrical correlations are lacking. We report a patient who presented with persistent coughing at seizure onset. We studied intracerebrally recorded seizures (using stereo‐electroencephalography) in order to describe the anatomo‐functional correlations associated with this sign. Coughing followed seizure onset in the medial temporal lobe. A functional connectivity study (h
2
estimation of interdependencies) showed that during coughing, a network of cortical and subcortical regions was involved, particularly the perisylvian cortices and the caudate nucleus.
Deep brain stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus in a patient with super‐refractory convulsive status epilepticus
Authors: Yuan Liu , Zhang Shaohui , Liang Shuangshuang , Liu Na , Yu Xiaoman , Liang Shuli 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the first patient to die from refractory convulsive status epilepticus (SE) after the removal of a stimulator. The removal occurred after a two‐year period of successful control of super‐refractory convulsive SE with deep brain stimulation of the bilateral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT‐DBS). The female patient, born in 1990, suffered from high fever and seizures, and was diagnosed with viral encephalitis in 2005. After four weeks of medical treatment, she recovered with no neurological disabilities, but suffered from monthly seizures. Ten years later, the patient presented with convulsive SE, while four months pregnant in February of 2015. Her SE remained super‐refractory to drugs despite the termination of pregnancy. Therefore, ANT‐DBS was performed in March of 2015. The patient became SE‐free following activation of an ANT‐DBS stimulator. However, the stimulation treatment was terminated according to the family's request when a tremor developed two years after the treatment had begun. Subsequently, four SE episodes occurred and the tremor did not improve. The stimulator and electrodes were removed in August of 2017. The patient died of an uncontrolled SE two months later. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of ANT‐DBS for emergency super‐refractory convulsive SE with both positive and negative outcomes.
Clinical presentation of epilepsy in six villages in an onchocerciasis endemic area in Mahenge, Tanzania
Authors: Bhwana Dan , Mmbando Bruno P. , Dekker Marieke CJ. , Mnacho Mohamed , Kakorozya Advocatus , Matuja William , Makunde Williams H. , Weckhuysen Sarah , Colebunders Robert 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAims. To describe the clinical manifestations of epilepsy and access to antiseizure treatment in Mahenge in Central Tanzania, an onchocerciasis endemic area with a high prevalence of epilepsy.Methods. A door‐to‐door epilepsy prevalence survey was conducted in four rural and two sub‐urban villages. Trained community workers used five screening questions to identify persons suspected to have epilepsy. Such individuals were interviewed and examined by a neurologist or a medical doctor with additional training in epilepsy, and were tested for Onchocerca volvulus antibodies.Results. A total of 221 out of 8,062 (2.74%) surveyed individuals were confirmed to have epilepsy. The median age at seizure onset was 12 years (interquartile range: 7–16). Seventy‐nine persons with epilepsy (PWE) (36.1%) had a family member with epilepsy, which was a sibling in 52.1%. Tonic‐clonic seizures (142 individuals; 64.2%) were the most common seizure type. Nodding seizures were reported in 12.7% of PWE; the majority of them living in rural villages. Persons with nodding seizures reported more frequent seizures, presented with more psychiatric symptoms, and more often had onchocerciasis antibodies than those with other seizure types. The high rate of individuals with a seizure onset at between seven and 16 years is characteristic of onchocerciasis‐associated epilepsy (OAE). Of the PWE, 77.9% met the criteria for the clinical case definition of OAE. Eighty‐three PWE (37.6%) were not taking any antiepileptic medication. Phenobarbital was the antiepileptic drug most commonly prescribed in 76.1% of treated PWE.Conclusion. The high prevalence of epilepsy in rural villages in Mahenge most likely is related to the high prevalence of OAE. To prevent children developing OAE, strengthening the onchocerciasis elimination programme in Mahenge is urgently needed. Moreover, a decentralised epilepsy treatment programme is also needed to provide uninterrupted access to affordable antiepileptic drugs for the many PWE living in rural villages in the Mahenge area.
Electrical stimulation of the cingulate elicits involuntary singing
Authors: Bujarski Krzysztof , Martin Cathy , Jobst Barbara , Roberts David , Connolly Andy 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTHuman neural networks important for singing have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we present a case of electrical brain stimulation of the right non‐language dominant cingulate gyrus during brain surgery for epilepsy which resulted in involuntary singing of spoken language. We postulate that the current observation provides the strongest evidence as of yet that the cingulate gyrus is directly involved in voluntary motor control of singing. [Published with video sequence].
Widespread frontal lobe cortical dysplasia or partial hemimegalencephaly: a continuum of the spectrum
Authors: Cvetkovska Emilija , Kuzmanovski Igor , Boskovski Bojan , Babunovska Marija , Trencevska Kiteva Gordana 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II and hemimegalencephaly (HME) are currently considered as a continuum of pathology, the most important distinction being the extent or the size/volume of the lesion. While partial HME involving the posterior cortex has been well described, we present an unusual case with a dysplastic lesion of the whole frontal lobe. A 17‐year‐old boy had focal seizures from the age of nine years. Apart from diminished right‐hand dexterity, his neurological and cognitive status were unremarkable. The course of his epilepsy exhibited a relapsing‐remitting pattern, with prolonged periods of remission. Imaging showed dysplastic left frontal lobe (including paracentral lobule) thickened cortex with an abnormal gyration pattern resembling polymicrogyria, as well as dystrophic calcifications and hypodensity scattered throughout the white matter. This patient represents an intermediate case within the FCD type II/HME spectrum. Localization of the lesion in the frontal lobe as well as clinical characteristics (childhood onset, relapsing‐remitting epilepsy, without hemiparesis and overt cognitive impairment) are more consistent with FCD type II, while a range of MRI features is shared between HME and FCD type II.
Desenvolvimento Profissional na EaD: uma Pesquisa-ação sobre a Formação da Equipe de Mediação na UNIVESP
Authors: Galasso Bruno , Guinoza Matuda Fernanda , Vital Carla , Custodio Flavio 
Published: January 2024

A Universidade Virtual do Estado de São Paulo (UNIVESP) tem como política institucional a formação de pós-graduandos para atuação profissional na educação a distância. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as principais contribuições dos atores que compõem a equipe de Mediação, responsável pela articulação dos processos operacionais e didático-pedagógicos da instituição, bem como avaliar o desenvolvimento profissional para a educação a distância no ensino superior, com foco no programa de pós-graduação “Formação didático-pedagógica para cursos na modalidade a distância”. O estudo pode ser classificado como uma pesquisa-ação, pois relata através da vivência, as metodologias desenvolvidas em um campo (universidade) a partir da análise de conteúdo de um questionário eletrônico aplicado aos 366 facilitadores concluintes sobre sua avaliação do programa de formação docente, incluindo a descrição do contexto e dos procedimentos, além dos métodos de avaliação processual e somativa, todos adequados e baseados no modelo CIPP (Context, Input, Process and Product) de Stufflebeam (2002). Os resultados evidenciam que as temáticas questionadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa (curso de formação; adequação das alocações nas atividades práticas; comunicação institucional) geraram diversos processos inovadores desenvolvidos pela equipe de Mediação, cumprido o objetivo institucional de criar condições de desenvolvimento profissional e aproveitamento pleno das proposições de ensino e aprendizagem.
Workplace Violence in Healthcare Service
Authors: Hairunisa Nany 
Published: January 2024

Violence in the workplace is an act or threat of violence against workers, both inside and outside the workplace, ranging from insults, threats, intimidation, and physical assault to murder. Although violence in the workplace has become a global concern, the true extent of this problem is still underreported due to low awareness and lack of awareness of the issues within the body. Therefore, if violence in the workplace is not addressed, especially in the health sector, it will become a global phenomenon that will disrupt the peace and stability of the working community and pose a risk to the health and welfare of society. Therefore, this review aims to identify the risk factors and impacts of workplace violence in health care and demonstrate the collaborative efforts needed to support managing and preventing violence in the workplace.

Keywords: Violence, workplace, Healthcare worker.