bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficiency of strengthening timber beams reinforced with carbon composite rods and plates
Authors: Bula Serhiy , Pelekh Andriy 
Published: November 2023

This study reports the results of experiments comparing the effect of structural reinforcement for timber beams strengthened with different carbon composite materials. Samples of one series were strengthened by gluing a carbon fiber plate from the outside to the face of the beam. The samples of the other series were strengthened by laterally gluing two carbon fiber rods inside the beam.
According to the bending research program, the ultimate loads and deflections were determined for both series. As a result of the analysis of the results and comparison with unreinforced samples from the control series, the effect of beam reinforcement and the model of their destruction were determined. Studies have shown that the effect of external reinforcement with a plate was 86.7 % according to the criterion of full failure load, 20.5 % according to the criterion of ultimate load, 13.4 % according to the criterion of ultimate deflection. The effect of rod reinforcement was 48.6 %, 18.6 %, and 4.1 %, respectively. The theoretical analysis of the results showed a convergence of up to 8.2 % with the experimental results.
External reinforcement with a plate compared to lateral gluing of rods showed better results due to the placement of the plate in the zone of maximum tensile stresses. This arrangement more effectively limited the spread of ultimate stresses and the development of cracks.
The reinforcement parameters of the samples (materials, placement, percentage of reinforcement) were selected under the condition of the same theoretically predicted bearing capacity after reinforcement. However, comparative experimental studies have revealed differences in the processes of deformation and destruction of reinforced beams.
The results will contribute to making rational project decisions and for choosing a relevant technique of strengthening timber beams with carbon composite materials
Detecting the influence of uneven loading of the brake shoe in a freight car bogie on its strength
Authors: Panchenko Sergii , Lovska Alyona , Ravlyuk Vasyl , Babenko Andrii , Derevyanchuk Oleksandr , Zharovа Oksana , Derevianchuk Yaroslav 
Published: November 2023

The object of the study is the processes of occurrence, perception, and redistribution of loads in the brake shoe of a freight car bogie during braking. In order to ensure the safety of the movement of freight cars, a study of the uneven load on the bogie shoe of the model 18-100 freight car was carried out. A mathematical apparatus was built to determine the strength of the brake shoe, taking into account the uneven load transmitted to it from the brake pad. In this case, the brake shoe was considered in the form of a frame with variable stiffness. It was established that the stresses that occur in the shoe exceed the permissible ones. To test the proposed mathematical apparatus, a computer simulation of the strength of the brake shoe was carried out. In this case, the finite element method, which is implemented in SolidWorks Simulation, was used. The difference between the results obtained by mathematical modeling and computer simulation was 5.7 %.
A feature of the research results is that they make it possible to determine the moment of resistance, and accordingly, the stresses that act in the shoe along its length. This will make it possible to design its fundamentally new structure at the subsequent stages.
The field of practical application of the reported results is the engineering industry, in particular, railroad transport. The conditions for the practical application of the research results are to ensure the strength of the shoe during braking of the rolling stock in operation.
The study will contribute to advancements in improving the reliability of the braking systems of bogies, as well as ensuring the manufacturability and maintainability in the construction, operation, and repair of the components of the mechanical part of brakes for the new generation freight cars
Influence of the facade slope on fire propagation processes on higher floors
Authors: Ballo Yaroslav , Nizhnyk Vadym , Veselivskyy Roman , Kagitin Oleksandr 
Published: November 2023

The study considers the issue of the influence of the structural parameters of the facade on the processes of fire propagation through the external enclosing structures of buildings. The object of the study is the process of temperature changes on the surface of the inclined external enclosing structures of the building due to the action of fire.
The study of the influence of the angles of inclination of the facade on the processes of fire propagation and the nature of temperature distributions on the surface of the facade was carried out. During the research, the methodology of experimental tests was used to limit the spread of fire along the facades using an installation that allows you to reproduce the angles of inclination. As the studied fragment of the facade, an external enclosing structure made of non-combustible materials without external cladding was used. Thermocouples were placed on the surface of the facade, which made it possible to obtain temperature data near its surface in real mode throughout the duration of the research.
A class 34B model fire source provided a fire load of at least 2,200 MJ/m2 and an average temperature of 800–850 °С throughout the duration of the research.
It was found that in the presence of a slope of the facade at an angle of +20°, an increase in temperature near the surface of the studied area by 24–26 % was observed. In the presence of an inclination of the facade at an angle of –20°, a decrease in temperature near the surface of the studied area by up to 55 % was observed.
The obtained dependences will make it possible to review the approaches to the existing field methods of fire hazard assessment of facade systems. The practical result of the implementation of the obtained data may be the introduction of changes to building regulations to increase the level of fire protection of facade systems and buildings in general
Vehicle routing problem optimization with machine learning in imbalanced classification vehicle route data
Authors: Novelan Muhammad Syahputra , Efendi Syahril , Sihombing Poltak , Mawengkang Herman 
Published: November 2023

The object of this research is a combinatorial optimization problem arising in the problem of the route of goods delivery vehicles. In this study, the proposed method for solving combinatorial optimization problems consists of several stages: Data Cleaning, Data Preprocessing, K-NN and Cavacity Vehicle Routing Problem model. The results show that the machine learning approach can optimise combinatorial optimization problems, especially in generating vehicle route points and delivery capacity. The characteristics in determining vehicle routes by considering latitude and longitude points. This research builds a framework and implements it in a multi-class optimization model to reduce overfitting and misclassification results caused by unbalanced multiclassification from the influence of the number of 'nodes' on vehicle routes with machine learning. The purpose of the model in general is to gain an understanding of the mechanism in the problem so that it can classify unbalanced vehicle route data based on Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir delivery routes. So that with the availability of the model can be a model in determining vehicle routes based on the capacity limit of the number of shipments of goods. The results of research with machine learning models and vehicle routing problems with testing K values 11, 13, 15. Where it has a percentage of K=11 accuracy 57.3265 % and K=13 accuracy 57.3265 % and K=15 accuracy 81.8645 %. From the test results with odd K values have better accuracy and the K 15 K=15 value is better with a percentage of 81.8645 % compared to K 11 K=11, and 13 K=13. As a result, the developed model in terms of accuracy of the cavacity vehicle routing problem model has an accuracy of 93.80 % and the time series achieves an average precision of 93.31 % and with a recall value of 93.80 %. The results obtained can be useful in developing a more modern model, Cavacity Vehicle Routing Problem with Machine Learning
Construction of the stochastic model of thermal radiation from a flammable liquid spill fire
Authors: Oliinyk Volodymyr 
Published: November 2023

The object of this study is the process of liquid combustion in the pool, and the subject of the study is the characteristics of the random process that describes the heat flow by radiation. Such, in particular, are the law of distribution, mathematical expectation, and correlation function. An experimental study of the combustion of used motor oil in a pool measuring 9.5×8.7 m2 was carried out. The mathematical expectation and variance of the cross-sectional area of the flame were determined by video recording followed by the analysis of individual frames. Testing of the hypothesis about the normal law of distribution of the cross-sectional area showed that with a confidence probability of 0.95, the proposed hypothesis does not contradict the experimental data. A selective correlation function and its approximation in the form of σ2exp(–α|τ|) were constructed. Due to the linear relationship between the cross-sectional area and the heat flux by radiation from the fire, the latter will also have a normal distribution law. At the same time, the magnitude of pulsations (the ratio of the rms deviation to the mathematical expectation) for these random processes will be the same. The value of the parameter α of the correlation function will also be the same.
Taking into account the inertial properties of the device for measuring the heat flux density, a comparison of the experimentally measured values of the heat flux density with the calculated ones was carried out. The measurement results fall into the intervals corresponding to the confidence probability of 0.95. At the same time, the maximum deviation between calculated and experimental data is 14 %. From a practical point of view, the built stochastic model opens up possibilities for taking into account random flame pulsations when determining safe zones for the location of personnel and equipment. The model can be used to specify the thermal effect of fire on steel and concrete structures
Determining the pattern of direction and distribution of intermetallic phase in the eutectic of the weld material after electron-beam welding of titanium and niobium alloys
Authors: Loboda Petro , Zvorykina Anastasiia , Vrzhyzhevskyi Eduard , Taranova Tatjana , Kostin Valery , Zvorykin Volodymyr , Zvorykin Leonid 
Published: November 2023

This paper reports a study whose object was material of the weld. The nature of changes in the microstructure of the weld material, which are caused by changes in the supplied energy, alloying elements and heat removal from the melt area, was investigated. Welding was performed with an electron beam at Uacc=60 kV, Ieb=90 mA, with an elliptical sweep of 3×4 mm. The speed of electron beam movement veb was varied from 7 to 15 mm·s-1. The temperature of the experimental welded samples T0 was varied from 300 K to 673 K. Ti-TiB alloy (a microcomposite alloy with reinforcing TiB fibers) was welded with Ti-TiB alloys, T110, and with niobium. One of the tasks of welding this alloy was to preserve and optimize the structure of this type in the weld. Grinding of boride fibers, loss of their initial orientation, and formation of a dendritic or cellular microstructure was observed in the weld.
Using the methods of raster electron microscopy and micro-X-ray spectral analysis, the microstructure of the weld material was investigated and the dimensional characteristics of TiB fibers under different welding conditions were determined. The analysis of changes in the microstructure of the weld material, the average length ᶏ and the thickness ȩ of the boride fibers in the material of the joints made at different velocities of electron beam movement and initial temperatures T0 was carried out. It was established that the growth of the ratio ȩ/ᶏ from 0.04–0.07 to 0.1–0.27 is accompanied by significant changes in the microstructure and the mechanism of formation of eutectic phases.
It is shown that the process that determines the formation of the microstructure of the weld material was the eutectic breakdown with the determining influence of the temperature gradient, crystallization rate, supercooling, concentration inhomogeneities, and alloying impurities.
Identifying the influence of basalt fiber reinforcement on the deformation and strength characteristics of cement stone
Authors: Kabdushev Arman , Delikesheva Dinara , Korgasbekov Darkhan , Manapbayev Bauyrzhan , Kalmakhanova Marzhan 
Published: November 2023

The object of the research is the quality of cementing oil and gas wells with increasing the strength and deformation capacity of cement stone using basalt fibers.
Cement slurry used in cementing oil and gas wells faces the problem of failure under the influence of hydraulic fracturing and perforation procedures. This failure leads to the formation of cracks and may require remedial cementing, which increases operating costs and complicates the process of oil and gas production. Moreover, this problem can lead to premature well water breakthrough and cause serious damage such as oil and gas shows and blowouts, which poses a threat to the environment and safety. To solve the problem of the destruction of cement stone under external influences, the study proposed the approach of reinforcing with basalt fiber.
During the study, a cementing material based on Portland cement, reinforced with various concentrations of basalt fibers (0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 % and 2 %), was developed and tested. Cement strength tests at 2, 7, and 14 days, along with deformation monitoring under load, were performed.
The addition of basalt fibers to cement stone significantly improved its strength characteristics. The most successful results were achieved with the addition of 0.5 % basalt fibers, resulting in an 11 % increase in compressive and flexural strength. Basalt fibers complement the structure of cement stone, increasing its ability to deform.
One of the key features of the obtained results is the possibility of improving the strength of the cement stone without losing its fluidity as a cement slurry.
The results obtained are applicable in the development and production of cement materials based on basalt fibers. This will improve the quality of well cementing and reduce the risks of complications
Evaluation of a biomass combustion furnace using different kinds of combustion chamber casing materials
Authors: Suluh Sallolo , Lorenza Dennis , Sampelolo Rigel , Pongdatu GAN , Ramba Dina , Widyianto Agus 
Published: November 2023

This research systematically evaluates a biomass combustion furnace, focusing on the influence of varying combustion chamber casing materials. The study employs controlled laboratory experiments to investigate the impact of different casing materials on combustion performance, thermal efficiency, and practical applications such as water boiling capacity. The research uses distinct materials, including clay, steel, and aluminum, for combustion chamber casings while maintaining consistent dimensions. The central experimental apparatus, an aluminum stove, was meticulously crafted, adhering to precise measurements. Coconut shell briquettes served as the primary fuel source for this investigation. The results reveal intriguing dynamics in combustion behavior. Notably, the choice of combustion chamber casing material significantly affects fire temperature, sleeve wall temperature, thermal efficiency, and the ability to boil water. Clay emerges as a standout performer, achieving high thermal efficiency (56.8 %), substantial water boiling capacity (25 liters), and efficient fuel consumption (1.28 kg of burnt briquettes). However, steel casing materials excel in generating the highest fire temperatures (up to 557 °C), underscoring their exceptional heat-conducting properties. Aluminum has fast temperature responses but may not retain heat like clay. The findings help optimize biomass combustion furnaces and associated applications. Material selection is crucial to attaining combustion goals like efficiency, temperature generation, or practical heat. These discoveries could lead to more efficient and ecologically friendly biomass combustion systems for sustainable energy and resource use
SIMD implementation of deep CNNs for myopia detection on a single-board computer system
Authors: Al Jbaar Mamoon A , Dawwd Shefa A. 
Published: November 2023

Deep learning algorithms, especially Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), have been rapidly developed due to their flexibility and scalability to be adopted in several fields for modeling real-world applications like object detection, image classification, etc. However, their high accuracy incurs intensive computations. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully choose a suitable computer platform and implementation methodology for CNN network architectures while achieving increased efficiency. Parallel architectures are prevalent in CNN implementation. Herein, we present a new Single Instruction Multi Data (SIMD) parallel implementation of the proposed CNN to speed up the execution process and make it suitable to deploy on low-cost, low-power consumption platforms. The proposed implementation produces an improved model of deep CNN executable on a cost-efficient platform and portability to work autonomously with multi-core processing units while maintaining working accuracy. Raspberry Pi 3 B is a low-power target device for implementing our model. The proposed approach is characterized by high diagnostic accuracy of up to 96.35 % while incurring power consumption of 3.65 Watts, achieving power reduction between 19.17 % and 68.45 % compared to the prior work. Meanwhile, it has a fine inference time for the selected platform. The outstanding results of this study reflect the success of employing parallel architectures to utilize the quad courses of the ARM processor on the target platform. The presented model can be an efficient medical assistant to provide automated detection and diagnosis for myopia ocular disease. Thus, it can be a promising healthcare toolkit that reduces the effort of the medical staff and increases the quality of the provided medical services for myopia patients
Assessment of iron and heavy metals accumulation in the soils of the combat zone
Authors: Trokhymenko Ganna , Litvak Serhiy , Litvak Olga , Andreeva Antonina , Rabich Olena , Chumak Larisa , Nalysko Mykola , Troshyn Mykhailo , Komarysta Bohdana , Sopov Dmytro 
Published: November 2023

The object of the study is soils in areas with active military operations.
The study is dedicated to assessing the environmental impact of military operations through forecasting.
The paper highlights the impact of military conflict on the distribution of heavy metals in soils. An analysis of the distribution and interaction of heavy metals in soil is carried out, which helps to understand the dynamics of pollution in the context of military conflict, and allows to understand the complex processes of the impact of military operations on the environment and the state of soil resources.
The complex interrelationships between military operations and environmental pollution are revealed, with an emphasis on the importance of studying the distribution and immobilization of iron and heavy metals in the current conditions of the risk of military operations.
It is shown that the most rapidly distributed metals in the soil are: iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), antimony (Sb); the slowest: arsenic (As), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), vanadium (V).
It was found that loams and chernozems are more prone to the accumulation of heavy metals and iron than sandy soils. Compared to sandy soil, the rate of metal release in loam decreases from 16.7 % to 69.7 %. In comparison of chernozem to loam, the release rate slows down from 17.85 % to 32.08 %. It was found that the rate of spreading of barium, cobalt, arsenic, lead, mercury, manganese, strontium and titanium does not depend on the type and mechanical parameters of the soil.
The practical use of the results will help to predict the mechanism of pollution spread and help to identify the highest risk areas. The results of the study indicate the need to develop scientifically sound strategies for environmental protection and promotion of sustainable development in the area affected by military events
Development of a model and optimization of the interaction of factors in the grain malting process and its application in the production of functional beverages
Authors: Gadimova Natavan , Fataliyev Hasil , Heydarov Elnur , Lezgiyev Yusif , Isgandarova Simuzar 
Published: November 2023

The paper is devoted to the study of the interaction and significance of factors influencing the prediction and optimization of the process of obtaining malt. The object of our research is wheat, barley and rye malt. 33 full factorial experiments were performed, germination period, wetting degree and temperature act as variable factors. At the same time, the amylolytic activity of malt's enzymatic complex and malt's saccharification ability were taken as the response function of the experiment. 27 experiments were carried out with three repetitions in order to check the accuracy of the choice of optimal conditions for the process of obtaining malt, and a regression equation was obtained. According to the least squares method, the regression equations were obtained for approximation of the saccharification ability (SA) and amylolytic activity (AA) values of wheat malt. According to the method of regression analysis, the adequacy of the equations was checked by the Fisher criterion, the statistical significance of their coefficients was checked by the Student's criterion, and the homogeneity of parallel experiments was checked by the Cochrane criterion. The regression model expressing the result of the optimization of the process of obtaining wheat malt is as follows: τ=5.8 days, w=42.2 %, t=15.9 °C; YSA=5.35, YAA=320.0, for barley malt – τ=6.1 days; w=44.1 %; t=17.6 °C; YSA=4.93; YAA=255.2, and for rye malt – τ=4.6 days; w=45.1 %; t=15.0 °C; YSA=8.63; YAA=198.1. In this work, the temperature dependence of the amylolytic activity and saccharifying activity of malt enzymes was also studied. The germination temperature of grains has a maximum effect on the complex of amylolytic enzymes of malts.
The research materials can be applied in the production of non-alcoholic and functional beverages