bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole in Power-Yang-Mills field: a shadow study
Authors: Zubair M. , Raza Muhammad Ali , Sarikulov Furkat , Rayimbaev Javlon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We consider a static black hole immersed in the Power-Yang-Mills field in four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and investigate the effect of various parameters on the radius of the photon sphere. The modified form of the Newman-Janis algorithm is used for obtaining a rotating black hole solution in this gravity. Further, we try to explore the influence of the Yang-Mills magnetic charge Q with power q, Gauss-Bonnet parameter α, and spin a on the horizon radius. The geodesic equations are constructed by incorporating the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. The radial component of the geodesic equations gives the effective potential which is further used in deriving the mathematical structure for the shadows by using Bardeen's procedure for a fixed observer at infinity. The shadows are calculated and plotted in terms of two celestial coordinates for an equatorial observer. It is observed that all the parameters have a very significant effect on the shadow and related physical observables. We also obtain the constraint values for the spin, magnetic charge, and Gauss-Bonnet parameters, using the shadow size of supermassive black holes Sagittarius A* and M87* from the EHT observations for the cases of q = 0.6 and q = 0.9. It is shown that there are upper and lower bounds for the charge and spin of M87* at q = 0.6, while only the upper bounds for the charge and spin of Sagittarius A*. Finally, we investigate the energy emission rate in the Hawking radiation around the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole in the Power-Yang-Mills field.
Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A
Authors: Li Hao , Ma Bo-Qiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As a potential consequence of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), threshold anomalies open a window to study LIV.
Recently the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported that more than 5000 photons from GRB 221009A have been observed with energies above 500 GeV and up to 18 TeV.
In the literature, it is suggested that this observation
may have tension with
the standard model result because extragalactic background light (EBL) can prevent photons around 18 TeV from reaching the earth and that LIV induced threshold anomalies might be able
to explain the observation.
In this work we further study this proposal with more detailed numerical calculation for different LIV scales and redshifts of the sources.
We find that GRB 221009A is a rather unique opportunity to search LIV, and a LIV scale E
LIV ≲ E
Planck ≈ 1.22 × 1019 GeV is
feasible
to the observation of GRB 221009A on 9 October, 2022.
Inferring population dynamics in macaque cortex
Authors: Meghanath Ganga , Jimenez Bryan , Makin Joseph G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective. The proliferation of multi-unit cortical recordings over the last two decades, especially in macaques and during motor-control tasks, has generated interest in neural ‘population dynamics’: the time evolution of neural activity across a group of neurons working together. A good model of these dynamics should be able to infer the activity of unobserved neurons within the same population and of the observed neurons at future times. Accordingly, Pandarinath and colleagues have introduced a benchmark to evaluate models on these two (and related) criteria: four data sets, each consisting of firing rates from a population of neurons, recorded from macaque cortex during movement-related tasks. Approach. Since this is a discriminative-learning task, we hypothesize that general-purpose architectures based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) trained with masking can outperform more ‘bespoke’ models. To capture long-distance dependencies without sacrificing the autoregressive bias of recurrent networks, we also propose a novel, hybrid architecture (‘TERN’) that augments the RNN with self-attention, as in transformer networks. Main results. Our RNNs outperform all published models on all four data sets in the benchmark. The hybrid architecture improves performance further still. Pure transformer models fail to achieve this level of performance, either in our work or that of other groups. Significance. We argue that the autoregressive bias imposed by RNNs is critical for achieving the highest levels of performance, and establish the state of the art on the neural latents benchmark. We conclude, however, by proposing that the benchmark be augmented with an alternative evaluation of latent dynamics that favors generative over discriminative models like the ones we propose in this report.
Technologies and challenges of hydrogen powered aviation
Authors: Xu Dawei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Currently, the aviation industry mainly uses kerosene as fuel, which releases a lot of carbon emissions. As the world population grows rapidly, the requirements for air transport are increasing, which promotes an environmentally friendly transformation of the aviation industry. This paper summarizes the advantages of using hydrogen as fuel and makes a comparison to other environment-friendly technologies. The history of hydrogen aircraft and several aircraft hydrogen propulsion and storage options are discussed. In addition, the challenge and future developments of hydrogen powered craft that the aviation industry is facing are also analyzed in this paper, hoping to raise people’s awareness of the use of hydrogen in aviation, and draw the future direction of the aviation industry.
A review of the feasibility of aluminum alloys, carbon fiber composites and glass fiber composites for vehicle weight reduction in the automotive industry
Authors: Pian Weiqi , Zhou Yue , Xiao Tianmu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Improving fuel efficiency is an important goal of the automotive industry. The most effective way to improve fuel efficiency is to reduce the weight of the vehicle, which could be achieved by replacing components made from traditional materials with lightweight materials. This article reviews the research and use of lightweight materials, aluminum alloys, carbon fiber composites, and glass fiber composites in the automotive industry. A review of the current literature considers the mechanical properties, processability, safety properties, price, and manufacturing methods of these three materials to discuss the possibility of reducing vehicle weight and thus improving fuel efficiency.
Crystal orientation engineering in two-dimensional perovskites for improved photoelectric properties and applications
Authors: Lan Qizhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional perovskite is considered an emerging semiconductor material because of its structural diversity and stability, making it useful in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. However, compared with conventional three-dimensional perovskite materials, issues such as lower charge transport efficiency due to organic cation spacers could hinder their widespread use. Therefore, vertically oriented two-dimensional perovskites have been extensively studied because they can provide direct carrier transport channels, improve trap density, and reduce lattice stress. Here, the article summarizes two-dimensional vertically oriented perovskite from orientation methods, characterization methods, properties, and applications. Finally, the article discusses the challenges and expectations of developing two-dimensional oriented perovskites.
Current status of battery recycling and technology
Authors: Liliu Qingyi , Liu Chen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, battery recycling has become one of the hot environmental issues in China. This paper analysis the current situation of battery recycling and the methods of recycling, and analyzes the effective means of recycling batteries under the existing conditions. The results show that the current situation of battery recycling in China is worrying, with no complete recycling industry chain and low recycling efficiency. And as the demand for batteries increases and the price of metals rises, the urgency of battery recycling is further increased. From the analysis of existing methods, pyrometallurgy is defective in many aspects and the environmental life cycle is not complete. The cost of electrolytic recycling method, although high recovery efficiency and wide range, requires adequate technology and high cost. Bioleaching method is highly efficient, low cost and produces almost no pollution. Although the technology is not mature enough and is still in the laboratory stage, the bioleaching method has a good future. This paper looks forward to exploring more appropriate recycling methods to address the current situation of battery recycling difficules in China and discusses the future prospects of these methods.
The relationship between the fabrication and characteristics of nitrogen-doped graphene
Authors: Yu Rundong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since the 21st century, with the popularization of computers and mobile phones to the upgrading of various kinds of electronic products, human needs are also changing, among which the flexible touch screen has received wide attention. To achieve a wide application of flexible touch screens, this paper needs to make more materials innovations, and graphene’s unique and excellent performance has attracted wide attention. Among them, the metal doping, non-metallic doping, metallic and non-metallic co-doping of graphite phase carbon nitride has broad development prospects, widely used, or may be widely used in the production and production of flexible touch screen. This paper briefly analyzes and compares three nitrogen-containing graphene materials’ properties and preparation methods (metal doping, non-metal doping, metal, and non-metal co-doping) in 2D nanomaterials, and discusses the possible applications in the field of flexible touch screens. Urea-reduced GO graphene, Fe-P co-doped graphite phase nitride carbon and potassium ion-doped graphite phase nitride carbon all have easy raw materials, simple production mode, electrical, and excellent optical properties; meanwhile, different doping methods and dosage change the performance of graphene in different directions. Therefore, nitrogen-containing graphene materials have a lot for development in the part of flexible touch screens.
Construction of polymer nanochannels and applications in biosensors and drug delivery
Authors: Ye Yang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the past decade, polymer based nanochannel structures have been deeply and extensively explored due to their fast and strong sensitivity in testing ability. Recently, polymers have attracted much attention as the substrate materials of nano channels due to their excellent biocompatibility, low material cost and ease of manufacture. The development of nanochannels capable of detecting ions, small biomolecules and biomacromolecules meet the conditions of combination of multiple surface modification strategies and reliable nano manufacturing technologies. In this paper, the research progress of polymer based nanochannels is reviewed. The topic covered in this work includes the structure, manufacturing technology and functional strategy of nano channels. This review emphasizes various of promising research directions, and discusses the mechanism and principle of different applications such as biosensors and drug delivery. The shortcomings and limitations of some polymer based nano channels in the development and application are also discussed. Finally, views on the future prospects of this research field are presented.
Chemically modified electrochemical sensors for the detection of β-blockers: an overview of electrode modifiers
Authors: Lyu Haotong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
β-blockers are a significant class of medications generally used to treat cardiovascular related diseases, but toxicity from overdoses can lead to serious side effects. In addition to this, they may also be used as doping agents by athletes due to their sedative effects. Therefore, it is crucial for their detection. Traditional detection methods include chromatography, spectroscopy, etc., but these techniques are tedious and labor-intensive, and the instruments are cumbersome. Electrochemical methods have become an important alternative to traditional methods because of their high selectivity, high sensitivity, minimal expense, and portability. For the purpose of enhancing the performance of electrochemical methods, this article focuses on three types of electrode modification materials: molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), carbon nanomaterials, and metal nanoparticles. MIPs are an important class of selective adsorption materials, which can adsorb a certain type of β-blockers through hydrophobic interaction, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, etc., thereby improving the selectivity and sensitivity of electrochemical sensors. Carbon nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles have strong electroconductivity and enormous specific surface area, which can promote the electron transfer rate on the working electrode surface and improve the sensitivity of the sensor. In addition, they also have some unique properties respectively. Furthermore, the trend of electrochemical detection of β-blockers and the prospect of future development are suggested.
Growth of vertical graphene by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and its applications
Authors: Pu Yixuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As one of the most abundant elements on earth, carbon has a profound influence on human development. Currently, various carbon materials, especially graphene and carbon nanotube, have attracted our intensive attention. In particular, graphene, on which sp2-hybridized carbon atoms compose one layer, is widely applied for its distinctive structure and features. Yet, the structure of a material determines its properties. As an unusual graphene material with a unique structure, vertical graphene (VG) grown with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reveals an exposed sharp edge, perpendicular-to-substrate orientation, non-stacking morphology, and great surface-to-volume ratio. These characteristics highlight the prospect of VG as an attractive material with extensive usage. This paper focuses on the preparation of VG, including the growth mechanism and factors affecting the growth process, then introduces some typical applications related to the property of VG. Finally, we will briefly summarize the structure, properties, and applications of VG.
Polymer applications in drug delivery
Authors: Shen Yijun , Wang Kaiwen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Polymers have been broadly used in consumer goods, drug delivery, formulation, semiconductor, and packaging applications. Generally, polymers would be divided into two categories. The first category is commodity polymers. For instance, many packages of polymers are used daily: LDPE, HDPE, PVC, PE, PS, and PP. Based on the properties of each polymer, applications were adjusted for specific uses. The second category is engineering polymers. For example, PC, PDMS, PET, PA, and POM. This article will discuss polymer applications that mainly focus on drug delivery. Specifically, this article review will conduct a details application of polymers when formulating polymers into drug delivery processes. This review will elaborate on polymer application in control release, oral delivery, transdermal delivery, protein modification, cancer therapy, RNA delivery, and application. This review would also provide a comprehensive review of drug delivery characteristics.
Toward industrial scale-up of polypeptide synthesis: analysis of monomer suitability
Authors: Zhao Xiangyin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Polypeptide is a class of biopolymers that mimic the structure and properties of natural proteins, which makes it fitting for biological applications. The biodegradability and biocompatibility from the peptide backbones combined with the tunability from synthetic chemistry allow for long-chain polypeptides to function for drug delivery, tissue grafting, and gene therapy. Currently, long-chain polypeptides (≥100 amino acids) are not synthesized on a commercial scale (>100 kg.) Based on the potential applications, the optimization of polypeptide production should be discussed at the current stage. Since the majority of the polypeptide synthesis depends on the production of monomer and the polymerization of the monomer into polypeptides, choosing the most suitable monomer for industrial application is critical in designing a polypeptide production line. Based on an industrial standpoint, the ideal monomer should be synthesized conveniently, stored and transported easily, and polymerized efficiently. This article aims to compare and examine the four major groups of monomers used in a laboratory setting: protect amino acid, N-carboxyanhydride (NCA), N-thiocarboxyanhydride (NTA), and N-phenoxycarbonyl-functionalized α-amino acid (NPCA) based on the industrialization criteria stated above, using past experimental results. In the end, NPCA proves to be the most suitable monomer for industrial purposes. Like NCA, NPCA can be synthesized efficiently and can be polymerized into a diverse collection of polypeptides both based on conjugation and structure. Like NTA, NPCA can be synthesized and stored in an open-air environment. Still, NPCA has disadvantages in polymerization efficiency, requiring multiple days for long-chain polymers. Potentially, by increasing the leaving group conjugated to the amino acid, improvement can be made to the polymerization efficiency.
Using retrosynthesis to raise a possible feasible synthesis of pileotin A and B
Authors: Chen Shukai 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this report was to raise a feasible synthesis of Pileotin A and B. To achieve this goal, retrosynthesis of Pileotin A and B was performed by breaking these molecules into small and available pieces and then all these pieces were sticked by feasible chemical reaction to raise possible synthesis strategies for Pileotin A and B. Since there was no previous relevant experiment about this synthesis strategies, the feasibility was only established by the studied reactivities and the mechanism of each function group and reaction. Therefore, modifications were probably necessary to promote the reaction rate and achieve green chemistry when this synthesis was performed in real lab.
The impact of lignocellulosic ethanol production on the environment from a life cycle perspective
Authors: Gong Ouhang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the production process of cellulosic ethanol, all sections are closely related. It is difficult to study its producing law and key factors that affect the process only by experimental means. Computer simulation has a powerful data mining ability, which can analyze, design, and evaluate the production process of cellulosic ethanol. Specifically, it can use data calculated by Aspen Plus before, and analyze the impact of cellulose ethanol production on the environment by life cycle assessment (LCA). Results show that the total environmental impact value of the whole process is 0.20∼0.37 person·a/t. And in the whole process, the growth stage and the production stage have the biggest impact.
Application of remote sensing technology in smart city construction and planning
Authors: Liu Yongcheng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The construction of a smart city is complex and requires many considerations and improvements. Builders usually use remote sensing technology and related integration methods as tools to assist smart city construction. Compared with traditional methods, remote sensing technology usually has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost. This paper mainly expounds on the background of smart cities, focusing on remote sensing-related technologies and methods that can be applied to different aspects of smart city construction. As for urban traffic pollution monitoring, remote sensing-related technologies have a positive correlation accuracy in traffic pollution monitoring. But it exposes the limitations of their practical application because they cannot detect the pollutants emitted by diesel engines. The advanced optical and radar sensors integrated with the satellite system could generate high-resolution 3D images. MODIS and SAR sensors usually have higher cost characteristics than PALSAR and Lidar, and cloud-free PALSAR, as a functional sensor in the SAR branch, is suitable for use in tropical and subtropical regions. The depth learning-based remote sensing systems in traffic management have the characteristics of drawing complexity and image fluency. The remote sensing-based open-source software of QGIS and the visualization of relevant plug-ins could map the escape areas in the event of an earthquake. The impact of natural disasters on the safety of citizens can be effectively reduced in a low-cost and efficient way, which is conducive to the construction of smart cities.
Research on the emissions of diesel engine and the selection of suitable diesel engine additives to reduce particulate emissions
Authors: Wu Naike 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As the most widely used engine type in daily industrial production, diesel engine plays an important role in industrial and agricultural production. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrial technology, the working mode of diesel engine has also undergone tremendous changes, gradually changing to environment-friendly. In recent years, it has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper will introduce the generation principle of emissions from two aspects: 1. The working process of diesel engine. 2. Fuel proportion. Then, the main direction is to find solutions to reduce particulate emissions. One possible method is to use metal fuel additives to promote the regeneration of DPF (diesel particulate trap), while a possible solution is to use additives to reduce the activation energy. Another method is to improve the combustion of diesel engine through metal catalyst, which helps to reduce fuel consumption and inhibit the generation of harmful soot. This paper will focus on the analysis and search for suitable additive materials. The conclusion is that the additives containing organometallic materials are the most effective additives at present.
Current phytoremediation technologies and applications
Authors: Zhuang Guangjie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the 21st century, with the progress and development of science and technology, the pollution of water resources has become one of the main concerns. Currently available technologies for the remediation of water pollution are mainly physical and chemical remediation, and bioremediation is used in relatively few places. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation of wastewater and the current status of the application. The existing physical remediation methods, chemical remediation methods, and then bioremediation methods of in situ and ex situ remediation are described. Phytoremediation belongs to the in situ remediation method of bioremediation, which refers to the use of green plants and their inter-root microorganisms to work together to fix or decompose pollutants. Different classifications of plants play different roles in remediation, and different kinds of plants of the same classification are applied in different environments. Compared with traditional restoration methods, phytoremediation has the advantages of lower cost, additional effect on the surrounding air and soil removal, improved soil fertility after restoration, improved local landscape, a wide range of adaptation and economic benefits, etc. However, phytoremediation technology also has its shortcomings, we should invest more scientific research efforts in the research of phytoremediation technology in the future, and combine it with practice to strengthen the application of phytoremediation in wastewater treatment and reduce the harm brought to people by polluted water resources.