bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of pharmacists’ role in preoperative medication review in a Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Lindbloom Tori J , Corbo Jason M , Blacksmith Heather P , Tarnowski Amy , Frei Christopher R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Use of high-risk medications preoperatively may increase the incidence of postoperative complications. Available literature evaluating pharmacists’ role in preoperative medication review is limited, and guidance is not currently available on which patients should have a medication review performed by a pharmacist before surgery. A preoperative rehabilitation pilot project in which clinical pharmacists reviewed medication profiles before scheduled surgeries was developed. This review aimed to evaluate pharmacists’ role in reviewing medication profiles preoperatively and to identify specific patient factors that suggest a medication review is warranted.

Methods
This retrospective review utilized the electronic medical records of nonfrail adults undergoing preplanned surgeries enrolled in the pilot project from August 2021 to April 2022. Endpoints were determined using descriptive statistics and regression models. A multivariate analysis was performed evaluating high-risk medications and VIONE (Vital, Important, Optional, Not indicated, and Every medication has an indication) polypharmacy risk score.

Results
Forty patients were included, with at least one recommendation made in 83% of chart reviews. Many patients (95%) were taking at least one high-risk medication. Of the high-risk medication classes evaluated independently, only antiplatelets were predictive of pharmacy intervention (P = 0.01). Only high-risk medications were independently predictive of pharmacist intervention (P &lt; 0.01) when multivariate analysis was performed.

Conclusion
Pharmacists made a recommendation in the majority of medication reviews and were most likely to make a recommendation in patients taking high-risk medications. A larger sample size may provide more insight regarding patient-specific factors warranting a preoperative medication review.
Justice Kennedy’s Jurisprudence of Dignity: From Sovereign Immunity to Gay Rights
Authors: Scarffe Eric J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although this article uses Obergefell v Hodges (2015) as its frame, it aims to bring out some distinctive features of Justice Kennedy’s jurisprudence of dignity more broadly. There are two reasons why such an investigation is important. The first is important to those interested in the legal case. Indeed, in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health (2022), the Court now argues that the relevant ‘test’ for determining whether a right is protected under the Due Process Clause is whether the right is found to be ‘deeply rooted’ in the nation’s history and tradition. This article aims to critique this decision, as well as originalist approaches to constitutional interpretation more broadly, and seeks to resurrect and reconstruct Kennedy’s jurisprudence of dignity that has undergirded (sometimes quietly) the expansion of civil rights protections to the LGBTQ+ community. The second reason this investigation is important is of interest to philosophers and legal historians. Dignity is a notoriously elusive concept, and much ink has been spilt trying to sort out the precise nature of its content and its boundaries. This article brings together the many (seemingly disparate) uses of dignity found across cases involving gay rights, abortion, and foreign sovereign immunity, and argues Kennedy effectively weaves these uses together in ways that may sharpen our understanding of dignity in both the philosophical and legal literatures.
PLM-ARG: antibiotic resistance gene identification using a pretrained protein language model
Authors: Wu Jun , Ouyang Jian , Qin Haipeng , Zhou Jiajia , Roberts Ruth , Siam Rania , Wang Lan , Tong Weida , Liu Zhichao , Shi Tieliu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Antibiotic resistance presents a formidable global challenge to public health and the environment. While considerable endeavors have been dedicated to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) for assessing the threat of antibiotic resistance, recent extensive investigations using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches have unveiled a noteworthy concern. A significant fraction of proteins defies annotation through conventional sequence similarity-based methods, an issue that extends to ARGs, potentially leading to their under-recognition due to dissimilarities at the sequence level.

Results
Herein, we proposed an Artificial Intelligence-powered ARG identification framework using a pretrained large protein language model, enabling ARG identification and resistance category classification simultaneously. The proposed PLM-ARG was developed based on the most comprehensive ARG and related resistance category information (&gt;28K ARGs and associated 29 resistance categories), yielding Matthew’s correlation coefficients (MCCs) of 0.983 ± 0.001 by using a 5-fold cross-validation strategy. Furthermore, the PLM-ARG model was verified using an independent validation set and achieved an MCC of 0.838, outperforming other publicly available ARG prediction tools with an improvement range of 51.8%–107.9%. Moreover, the utility of the proposed PLM-ARG model was demonstrated by annotating resistance in the UniProt database and evaluating the impact of ARGs on the Earth's environmental microbiota.

Availability and implementation
PLM-ARG is available for academic purposes at https://github.com/Junwu302/PLM-ARG, and a user-friendly webserver (http://www.unimd.org/PLM-ARG) is also provided.
Drinking patterns of alcohol and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Tessitore Elena , Branca Mattia , Heg Dik , Nanchen David , Auer Reto , Räber Lorenz , Klingenberg Roland , Windecker Stephan , Lüscher Thomas F , Carballo Sebastian , Matter Christian M , Gmel Gerhard , Mukamal Kenneth J , Rodondi Nicolas , Carballo David , Mach François , Gencer Baris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
To evaluate the risk of alcohol consumption after acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

Methods and results
A total of 6557 patients hospitalized for ACS at four Swiss centres were followed over 12 months. Weekly alcohol consumption was collected at baseline and 12 months. Binge drinking was defined as consumption of ≥6 units of alcohol on one occasion. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or clinically indicated target vessel coronary revascularization. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of MACE in patients with heavy (&gt;14 standard units/week), moderate (7–14 standard units per week), light consumption (&lt;1 standard unit/week), or abstinence, and with binge drinking episodes, adjusted for baseline differences. At baseline, 817 (13.4%) patients reported heavy weekly alcohol consumption. At 1-year follow-up, 695/1667 (41.6%) patients reported having at least one or more episodes of binge drinking per month. The risk for MACE was not significantly higher in those with heavy weekly consumption compared to abstinence [8.6% vs. 10.2%, hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–1.36] or light consumption (8.6% vs. 8.5%, HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–2.06). Compared to patients with no binge drinking, the risk of MACE was dose-dependently higher in those with binge drinking with less than one episode per month (9.2% vs. 7.8%, HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.23–2.11) or one or more episodes per month (13.6% vs. 7.8%, HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.66–2.83).

Conclusion
Binge drinking during the year following an ACS, even less than once per month, is associated with worse clinical outcomes.
SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk for common group activities and settings: a living scoping review
Authors: Vyas Niyati , Bennett Alexandria , Shaver Nicole , Beck Andrew , Zitiktye Gabriele , Whelan Barbara , O’Regan Rhea , Conway Aileen , Skidmore Becky , Moher David , Little Julian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
While the modes of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are well studied, the risk of transmission in various group settings or activities is less clear. This living scoping review aims to summarize the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread in common group activities (e.g. social gatherings) or settings (e.g. schools, hospitals, shared workplaces) to understand the drivers of transmission and to inform a risk assessment profile tool for use of rapid antigen detection tests.

Methods
We systematically searched electronic databases, MEDLINE and Embase, from January 2019 until February 2022. We included studies that evaluated the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in activities and settings, deemed strategically important to government departments in Ireland, provided by the Department of Health (Ireland) Expert Advisory Group on Rapid Testing.

Results
After screening 14 052 records, data from 139 studies were narratively synthesized. The risk was consistently reported as ‘high’ for large social events (e.g. weddings) and indoor sports, working in healthcare settings and shared workplaces, working/living in residential settings and travelling via public transportation. Most studies were from healthcare settings, with common risk factors including close contact with COVID-19 cases, working in high-risk departments and inappropriate use of personal protective equipment. For other settings and activities, lack of infection prevention and control practices reportedly contributed to infection transmission.

Conclusion
The heterogeneity across studies and lack of direct information on dominant variants, preventive measures, vaccination coverage necessitates further research on transmission risk within group activities to inform infection prevention and control measures.
Making progress in early-career publishing: evolutions of the women’s publication mentorship programme
Authors: Jalaghonia Nanuka , Kwamie Aku 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mentorship is vital for early-career researchers, especially women from low- and middle-income countries seeking to publish their work. This paper explores the evolution of the Women’s Publication Mentorship Programme, a collaborative initiative pioneered by the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, further strengthened through the partnership of Health Systems Global, and Health Policy and Planning. Over a span of five years and encompassing three cohorts, the program supported 45 early-career researchers from 24 countries, resulting in insightful papers on equity-oriented health system topics. Beyond the direct outcomes of strengthening the writing skills of first-time women authors and facilitating paper publications, the Programme has also influenced Health System Global's strategic approach and conceptual framework for systemic capacity strengthening in health policy and systems research. It has also played a pivotal role in addressing the longstanding gender imbalance in global health authorship. Amid these achievements, our program consistently evolved, drawing from lessons of the past cohort. Challenges, such as the need for extended paper development timelines, addressing language barriers, and strengthening methodological rigor in initial manuscripts, were met with solutions. Insights and experiences from previous participants translated into tangible results, notably elevating the quality of journal supplement publications. This commentary explores key lessons from the second cohort's journey and its evolving nature. It also highlights persistent challenges and provides practical recommendations for organizations to enhance their mentorship programs, ultimately fostering the career growth of early-career researchers in health policy and systems research.
Periphery of a Genocide: Finland and the Holocaust
Authors: Silvennoinen Oula 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By scrutinizing Finland’s complex position as an Axis ally during the Second World War, this article explores the degree to which the country contributed to the destruction of European Jews. Though historians within Finland continue to debate these issues, the author argues that neither exculpation, nor exclusion from the general framework of Holocaust history are tenable historical approaches. While the extent to which Finland willingly participated in the mass murder of the Jews and other perceived enemies remains an unresolved question, this article reveals how key individuals and lower-level authorities nevertheless knowingly contributed to lethal practices and outcomes. Thus, this article challenges current interpretations of Finland’s involvement in the Holocaust.
Symbiotic Relationship of Comasterschlegelii (Crinoidea: Comatulidae) and Gymnolophus obscura (Ophiuroidea: Ophiotrichidae) Derived from Stable Isotope and Fatty Acid Analyses
Authors: Li Zhong , Dong Yue , Ge Meiling , Zhang Qian , Sun Yuyao , Dai Mengdi , Zhang Xuelei , Li Xiubao , Wang Zongling , Xu Qinzeng 
Published: November 2023

Synopsis
Coral reef community exhibits high species diversity and a broad range of biological relationships, including widespread symbiosis and complex food utilization patterns. In our study, we investigated the symbiotic relationship between the commonly crinoid host Comaster schlegelii and its ophiuroid obligatory symbiont Gymnolophus obscura. Using a combination of fatty acid biomarkers and stable isotopic compositions, we explored differences in their organic matter utilization strategies and nutritional relationships. The result of stable isotopes revealed that G. obscura had higher δ15N values than its crinoid host. Particulate organic matter and phytoplankton were identified as the primary food sources for both species, however C. schlegelii showed a higher proportional contribution from benthic microalgae. Fatty acid markers showed that C. schlegelii was more dependent on benthic microalgae such as diatoms, and less on debritic organic matter and bacteria than G. obscura. Elevated δ15N values of G. obscura and similar food source contribution rates between the host and symbiont suggest that ophiuroid feeds on materials filtered by crinoids and have similar diet to the host. Our results provide insights into the symbiotic patterns of crinoids and ophiuroids, while also supplying foundational data on how symbiotic reef species select organic matter utilization strategies to adapt to their environment.
An Equivariant Generalisation of McDuff–Segal’s Group–Completion Theorem
Authors: Hilman Kaif 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this short note, we prove a $G$–equivariant generalisation of McDuff–Segal’s group–completion theorem for finite groups $G$. A new complication regarding genuine equivariant localisations arises and we resolve this by isolating a simple condition on the homotopy groups of $\mathbb{E}_{\infty }$–rings in $G$–spectra. We check that this condition is satisfied when our inputs are a suitable variant of $\mathbb{E}_{\infty }$–monoids in $G$–spaces via the existence of multiplicative norm structures, thus giving a localisation formula for their associated $G$–spherical group rings.
I wanna share this, but…: explicating invested costs and privacy concerns of social grooming behaviors in Facebook and users’ well-being and social capital
Authors: Lin Jih-Hsuan (Tammy) , Cook Christine Linda , Yang Ji-Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The social grooming model (SGM), which theorizes social media users’ social grooming behaviors based on invested costs, is robust, reflecting various and nuanced social grooming styles. However, its core assumptions have not been validated. Using a nationally representative sample of 1,001 Taiwanese social media users, we explored costs and privacy for each social grooming behavior via a survey. Our results supported the hypotheses of the SGM. Users reported greater costs and reputational concerns for private topics than public topics, and higher costs for emotional and controversial topics than for informational and trending topics. With the new five styles identified in this study, social butterflies and meformers reported significantly greater social capital and well-being than lurkers; however, social butterflies reported greater invested costs in social grooming than meformers, indicating that being strategic is most efficient when it comes to social grooming, considering invested costs and the social benefits. SGM is robust and can reflect rich social grooming patterns.
Perceptions of interprofessional team collaboration among professionals working in the occupational health service in Sweden
Authors: Mouazzen Anna-Karin , Blomberg Karin , Jaensson Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among professionals in occupational health (OH) services is crucial when rendering a service to clients and customers. The aim of this study was to describe and compare perceptions relating to IPC among professionals working as OH providers in Sweden.
Methods: This cross-sectional study with a descriptive and comparative design included 456 respondents representing different OH professions in Sweden. Data were collected using the Swedish short version of the Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale adapted for OH ([AITCS]-SII[OH]), with its 3 subscales Partnership, Cooperation, and Coordination, and were analyzed and presented descriptively. Items and sum scores were dichotomized into inadequate and adequate and compared between sexes, workplaces, types of employment, and professions.
Results: According to the responses, items related to openness, honesty, and trust were perceived as adequate among the respondents. The findings show that perceptions about IPC differed among the professions. The perception of IPC also differed between different types of organizations.
Conclusions: The results show diverse perceptions between professionals and organizations. The perception of IPC may be influenced by the professional’s education in occupational safety and health. Study findings may be used to support further development of IPC in the OH service for the benefit of the clients. To develop IPC in the best interests of both professionals and customers/clients, further studies need to be performed to gain a deeper understanding of IPC in the OH context.
Coping After COVID-19: Cognitive Behavioral Skills for Anxiety, Depression, and Adjusting to Chronic Illness
Authors: Jaywant Abhishek , Kanellopoulos Dora , Oberlin Lauren , Cherestal Stephanie , Bueno Castellano Christina , Wilkins Victoria M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coping After COVID-19: Therapist Guide: Cognitive Behavioral Skills for Anxiety, Depression, and Adjusting to Chronic Illness provides an overview of how to help people who developed COVID-19 with their persisting symptoms. Many individuals with persisting COVID-19 symptoms experience anxiety and depression while struggling to adjust to uncertainties and changes in their everyday life. Difficulties in adjustment, anxiety, and depression may also result in poor adherence to medical treatments, contribute to disability, and negatively affect a person's overall quality of life. Coping After COVID-19 also shares a cognitive behavioral framework to help clients manage emotional difficulties, cognitive challenges, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, tailored for COVID-19. It also provides optional modules on enhancing adherence to medical treatment, managing grief and loss, and working with families.
Physiologically difficult airways
Authors: Hernandez Zachary J. , Mosier Jarrod M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When intubating critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the emergency department, much attention is paid to the “anatomically difficult” airway. However, physiologic abnormalities such as hypotension, hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, and right ventricular failure contribute significantly to patient mortality. If these abnormalities are addressed by the emergency physician, then the risk of mortality to the patient can be decreased. Pre-preparation for cardiovascular collapse and prevention of right ventricular overload are the mainstays of airway management, including correction of hypotension with vasopressors, additional oxygenation (high-flow nasal cannula or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation) to prevent pulmonary vasoconstriction, concomitant correction of metabolic acidosis, and conscious sedation medications with as little hemodynamic effects as possible.
Help me breathe: High-flow nasal cannula versus noninvasive ventilation troubleshooting
Authors: Allison David L. , Dargin James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter the authors discuss noninvasive modes of providing support to the patient who presents to the emergency department with acute respiratory failure. A growing body of evidence is now available to guide the provider in the use of different modalities of support for this patient population. In particular, the use of a high-flow nasal cannula and noninvasive ventilation may improve the outcomes of patients with respiratory failure. The emergency provider must understand the indications and contraindications for each of these modalities and should also be able to recognize the signs of failure and when to proceed with intubation.
Upside-down is best: Practical proning
Authors: VanValkinburgh Danny , Wessman Brian T. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined by the inability to oxygenate. The emergency physician should be able to identify and risk stratify patients with ARDS upon clinical presentation. The associated refractory hypoxemia should be managed with appropriate volume resuscitation and ventilator management strategies initially. However, prone positioning can occur early in the clinical trajectory, even while the patient is still in the emergency department. Data have shown that prone positioning reduces mortality, and it has not been found to cause an increase in other complications. The chapter contains a detailed checklist for conducting the proning procedure, including personnel needed and techniques to ensure safety.
Vasopressor cocktails (we all have drug shortages)
Authors: Greenwood John C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In critically ill patients with circulatory shock, rapid identification of hemodynamic derangements and targeted therapy to reverse underlying pathophysiology are required. Current guideline recommendations often suggest first- and second-line choices for vasopressor and inotropic therapy. However, each vasoactive medication has a therapeutic profile that can benefit but can also potentially harm a patient based on their underlying pathophysiology and comorbidities. It is important for the clinician to be prepared to choose alternative therapies if first-line medications are unavailable or lead to undesirable effects. Balancing the effects of inotropy and vasomotor tone through combinations of medications is necessary when multiple shock states are present (vasodilatory, hemorrhagic/ hypovolemic, LV vs. RV cardiogenic shock).
I feel weak: Myasthenic or neuromuscular emergencies
Authors: Andrews Charles M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acute weakness in patients who present to the emergency department can involve a large and diverse set of pathologies. Although relatively rare in the population, these often are neuromuscular in origin and may not be recognized or present until patients have no further reserve. Emergency physicians must be able to recognize clues in the history and physical exam, detect impending respiratory failure, and know appropriate treatment strategies to utilize. This chapter on neuromuscular emergencies provides information about the differential diagnosis, presentation, workup, and treatment of diseases such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenic crisis, botulism, and Guillain–Barré syndrome.