bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the impact of historical land uses on surface‐water quality using groundwater flow and solute‐transport models
Authors: Wayland Karen G. , Hyndman David W. , Boutt David , Pijanowski Bryan C. , Long David T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractGroundwater age, and its influence on contemporary water chemistry, needs to be accurately described to quantify the temporally varying impacts of land use on water quality. The time lags between solute inputs at the land surface and impacts on stream chemistry can be an important factor for managing land use in regional watersheds. Our approach uses a modified groundwater flow code to simulate reverse groundwater flow, regional flow and the solute‐transport model where a unit concentration of a conservative solute serves as a proxy for groundwater age. Solute‐contour lines represent groundwater travel time, which can then be coupled with Geographic Information System analyses to examine the relationship between water quality and historical land‐use patterns. The reverse flow and solute modelling produced a reasonable distribution of groundwater travel times across the watershed, given the hydrology of the system. These groundwater flow paths would be unexpected if surface topography or even surface hydrology were used to predict groundwater movement. Approximately 70% of the watershed has a groundwater lag of ≤30 years. When the temporal lags for individual drainage areas within the watershed are compared, flush times vary dramatically. This variability is related both to the size of the sourceshed and its geology. The influence of a particular land use on stream chemistry changes depending on the time scale considered, and also depending on the sourceshed in question as a result of landscape diversity. The results suggest that land‐use management practices to reduce solute loading to a watershed might not result in water‐quality improvements for many years, especially if implemented on land far from streams. The influence of long groundwater flow paths that integrate past and current land uses must be considered in the interpretation of land‐use effects on surface‐water quality.
Resuspension of bottom sediment by an internal wave in Lake Biwa
Authors: Sakai Yuji , Murase Jun , Sugimoto Atsuko , Okubo Kenji , Nakayama Eiichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn internal wave‐induced resuspension of bottom sediment and resultant changes in water chemistry were investigated in the sublittoral area of Lake Biwa in the late stage of the stagnant period. The thermocline was measured at between depths of 15 and 20 m at the beginning of the observation and rapidly dropped by 5 m within 3 h. The downward movement of the thermocline resulted in markedly increased turbidity at the top of the thermocline (20 m in water depth). Concentrations of dissolved methane synchronistically increased with turbidity, especially in the top of the thermocline where there was the highest turbidity. Total dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus also increased in the thermocline. In contrast, the soluble reactive phosphate concentration decreased with time. An increase in the concentrations of particulate metals (aluminium, iron and titanium), which probably originated from mineral particles, was more marked in the water sample collected at 1 m above the bottom than at the peak of turbidity. The results indicated that an internal wave caused resuspension of the bottom sediment and also affected the water chemistry.
‘I’ll tell you what suits me best if you don’t mind me saying’: ‘lay participation’ in health‐care
Authors: Allen Davina 
Published: March 2003

‘I’ll tell you what suits me best if you don’t mind me saying’: ‘lay participation’ in health‐careIncreasing ‘lay participation’ in healthcare has become a popular notion in recent years and is generally considered to be a good thing in both nursing and wider policy circles. Yet despite the widespread acceptance of this overall idea, there is a dearth of theorising in this area. This has resulted in a lack of conceptual clarity which has not only hamstrung the development of empirical work in the field, but has also led to a tendency by both nurses and policy‐makers to assume that greater ‘lay participation’ in health will lead to a concomitant increase in lay power vis‐à‐vis health professionals. The data presented in this paper indicate that this is, at best, an over‐simplistic assumption and, at worst, an erroneous one. Drawing on sociological theories of the division of labour, I suggest that one way in which we might begin to clarify our thinking in this area is by differentiating between the ‘role’ and ‘task’ components of ‘lay participation’. I illustrate my argument with reference to two separate ethnographic studies undertaken between 1994 and 1998 in which participation at the level of the individual was examined.
Nurses and medication error: a discursive reading of the literature
Authors: Gibson Terri 
Published: March 2003

Nurses and medication error: a discursive reading of the literatureMedication management is a part of everyday nursing practice. In carrying out this aspect of their role, nurses are subject to a range of practices and procedures, which are dictated through legal, management and medical requirements to ensure safe administration of medications. The literature addresses a range of areas related to the nurse’s role in medication management, including knowledge required by nurses, practices and procedures related to administration, procedures for identifying and reducing errors and measuring error rates, and professional and ethical issues. The literature is a part of the discursive ensemble of nursing — as a written text it contributes to how nurses and colleagues construct and view nursing practice. This paper presents a discursive reading of that literature, exploring how nurses are positioned in relation to medication errors. I argue that the voice of nursing is mostly heard through discourses of biomedical science, law and management and draw on the work of Michel Foucault to illustrate some of the ways in which these discourses shape nursing practice.
Effects of gender difference and birth order on perceived parenting styles, measured by the EMBU scale, in Japanese two‐sibling subjects
Authors: Someya Toshiyuki , Uehara Toru , Kadowaki Maho , Tang Sui Wong , Takahashi Saburo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe relationship between Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppforstran (EMBU) scaling and gender, birth order and parents’ gender was previously investigated in a large volunteer sample; significant interactions among the variables were found. In the present study, 730 Japanese volunteers with one sibling were used as subjects in order to control the number of siblings: the effect of gender of subjects and siblings and birth order on the perceived parenting style was examined. Based on gender and birth orders, 730 subjects were grouped into the following categories: (i) male with a younger brother; (ii) male with a younger sister; (iii) male with an older brother; (iv) male with an older sister; (v) female with a younger brother; (vi) female with a younger sister; (vii) female with an older brother; and (viii) female with an older sister. One‐way ANOVA was performed with each EMBU subscale used as a dependent variable and these eight groups as independent variables. The scores for rejection and emotional warmth of father were influenced significantly by the pattern of siblings (P < 0.006 and P < 0.0012, respectively), and scores for emotional warmth of mother were influenced significantly by the pattern of siblings (P < 0.0012). The elder male children strongly experienced parenting style as more rejecting than others, and female children (elder sisters with brother, or younger sisters with sister) recognized parenting style as more caring and demonstrated more warmth than others. The results confirmed a significant interaction of gender of subjects and siblings and birth order of perceived parental rearing behavior.
Declining of memory functions of normal elderly persons
Authors: Yokota Masao , Miyanaga Kazuo , Yonemura Kimie , Watanabe Hama , Nagashima Kiichi , Naito Katsuo , Yamada Saburouta , Arai Setuko , Neufeld Richard W. J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTwo studies examined the declining of memory functions in normal elderly persons using the Yokota memory test (YMT), which includes 15 items concerning verbal and non‐verbal memory functions. In the first study, 552 subjects over 40 years of age in five age groups were examined. Factor analysis revealed that YMT consisted of two factors pertaining to short‐term/working memory, and two factors pertaining to long‐term memory. It is suggested that the former was more affected than the latter, with aging. In the second study, YMT was examined in relation to the revised version of Hasegawa dementia scale (HDS‐R), which was the most popular intelligence scale for the elderly in Japan. As a result, memory functions differentially declined with the decreasing score of HDS‐R, which suggests that memory functions differentially declined with progressive risk of dementia.
Comparisons of sleep patterns between mothers in post‐partum from 9 to 12 weeks and non‐pregnant women
Authors: Nishihara Kyoko , Horiuchi Shigeko , Eto Hiromi , Uchida Sunao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to evaluate two patterns of interrupted and non‐interrupted sleep for the post‐partum mothers from 9 to 12 weeks after delivery, we compared them with sleep patterns of non‐pregnant women. Subjects were 10 primipara and 12 non‐pregnant women. Their polysomnographic recordings were made using a Medilog recorder at home. In interrupted sleep, low sleep efficiency, decreased total sleep time, and a decreased percentage of stage 2 were significantly observed compared with non‐pregnant women. Sleep parameters of non‐interrupted sleep, except for increased percentage of stage 4, did not show any significant differences from non‐pregnant women. Mothers’ sleep fluctuated between interrupted sleep similar to the early post‐partum sleep from 1 to 6 weeks and non‐interrupted sleep with increased stage 4.
Narcoleptic canines display periodic leg movements during sleep
Authors: Okura Mutsumi , Fujiki Nobuhiro , Ripley Beth , Takahashi Shotaro , Amitai Nurith , Mignot Emmanuel , Nishino Seiji 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPeriodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) is a high prevalent sleep disorder of unknown etiology. The disease is pharmacologically treated with dopaminergic agonists (i.e. D2/D3 agonists) and opiates. Periodic leg movements during sleep often occur in narcoleptic patients. We observed that narcoleptic canines, like narcoleptic humans, also exhibit jerky, unilateral or bilateral slow leg movements during sleep. The movements in dogs are characterized by repetitive dorsiflexions of the ankle, lasting 0.5–1.5 s, and occur at regular intervals of 3–20 s, thus showing similarities to PLMS in humans. The observation that D2/D3 agonists aggravate cataplexy in narcoleptic dogs suggests that altered dopaminergic regulation in canine narcolepsy may play a critical role in both cataplexy and PLMS. Our canines may therefore be an invaluable resource in PLMS research.
Hypnotic action of melatonin during daytime administration and its comparison with triazolam
Authors: Satomura Takeshi , Sakamoto Tetsuro , ShIrakawa Shinichiro , Tsutsumi Yasumasa , Mukai Masaki , Ohyama Tetsu , Uchimura Naohisa , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study was conducted to assess hypnotic action, effects on rectal temperature and dose dependency by daytime administration of exogenous melatonin (MLT) at 1 mg, 3 mg or 6 mg to subjects consisting of seven healthy juvenile adults. As a result, exogenous MLT significantly increased total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and MLT 6mg was observed to demonstrate hypnotic effects that were nearly equal to those of triazolam at 0.125 mg. Rectal temperature was significantly decreased at MLT 1mg and 3 mg, there were no significant differences observed in the hypothermic effects at MLT 6mg. These results indicate that exogenous MLT had dose‐dependent hypnotic action on daytime sleep, and it is possible to consider that this hypnotic action was based on a direct‐acting mechanism.
Blink rate variability in patients with panic disorder: New trial using audiovisual stimulation
Authors: KOJIMA MAKI , SHIOIRI TOSHIKI , HOSOKI TOSHIHIRO , SAKAI MIWAKO , BANDO TAKEHIKO , SOMEYA TOSHIYUKI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence have implicated central dopaminergic pathways in the modulation of spontaneous blink rate (BR). Furthermore, previous studies have indicated a relationship between spontaneous BR and anxiety and/or depression. However, to our knowledge, there is no report on the examination of BR in a group of patients with panic disorder (PD). During the conditions of rest and with audiovisual stimulation, exposed to a video of imaginary experiences, such as driving a motor vehicle or diving into the sea, BR was examined in 11 male patients with PD and compared with the BR of 16 age‐matched normal controls. The BR was significantly higher in PD patients relative to normal controls under both conditions. In particular, the PD group had a higher BR score during the sea scene as relaxation compared with the normal controls. In conclusion, although the sample size was small the present preliminary study, these findings suggest that BR may have potential for application in the assessment of anxiety state, which is consistent with previous studies.
pEffects of UV radiation on the ultrastructure of several red algae
Authors: Poppe Frank , Schmidt Ralf A. M. , Hanelt Dieter , Wiencke Christian 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the ultrastructure of four red algae, the endemic Antarctic Palmaria decipiens (Reinsch) Ricker and Phycodrys austrogeorgica Skottsberg, the Arctic‐cold temperate Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) O. Kuntze and the cosmopolitan Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Agardh was studied. All four species showed a formation of ‘inside‐out’ vesicles from the chloroplast thylakoids upon exposure to artificial UV‐radiation. In P. decipiens, most vesicles were developed after 8 h and in P. palmata, after 48 h of UV exposure. In B. atropurpurea, vesi‐culation of thylakoids was observed after 72 h of UV irradiation. In Ph. austrogeorgica, the chloroplast envelope and thylakoid membranes were damaged and the phycobilisomes became detached from the thylakoids after 12 h of UV exposure. Ultraviolet‐induced changes in the membrane structure of mitochondria were observed in P. decipiens and P. palmata. However, in P. decipiens they were reversible as was the damage in chloroplast fine structure after 12 h of UV treatment. Protein crystals in Ph. austrogeorgica showed degradation after exposure to UV radiation. Different methods of fixation and embedding macroalgal material are discussed. These findings give insight into the fine structural changes which occur during and after UV exposure and indicate a relationship between the species dependent sensitivity to UV‐exposure and the depth distribution of the different species.
A dynamic analysis of chest wall motions with MRI in healthy young subjects *
Authors: Kondo Tetsuri , Kobayashi Ichiro , Taguchi Yasushi , Ohta Yasuyo , Yanagimachi Noriharu 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The objective of this study was to analyse respiratory‐related motion of the chest wall with non‐invasive method. Methodology: Using magnetic resonance image (MRI), 30 sequential images (scanning time, 0.4 s per image) on sagittal, axial and coronal planes were obtained in nine healthy young subjects during quiet breathing (QB) and maximal deep breathing (MDB). The coronal planes were obtained in five of nine subjects during MDB. Ventilation was simultaneously measured with pneumotachometer. Results: There was a linear correlation between instantaneous lung volume and lung cross‐sectional area. Motion of the diaphragm and rib cage was also linearly related to instantaneous lung volume. The exception was lower anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the rib cage. The contribution of individual part of the chest wall motion to a unit lung volume change was assessed by slope (S) of the linear regression line. The S at the anterior diaphragm was significantly smaller than those at middle and posterior parts during MDB. The S of middle and posterior diaphragmatic motion was approximately five times that of AP motion of upper rib cage. The S of AP motion of upper rib cage was twice that of transverse motion during either QB or MDB. Conclusion: We concluded that dynamic MRI study with concurrent ventilation measurement is a simple and reliable method for evaluation of local chest wall motion, and that neither diaphragm nor rib cage works as a single functional unit during active ventilation.
Pleural amyloidosis in a patient with intractable pleural effusion and multiple myeloma
Authors: Maeno Toshitaka , Sando Yoshichika , Tsukagoshi Masaaki , Suga Tatsuo , Endo Michiko , Seki Ryotaro , Ooyama Yuko , Yamagishi Takahiro , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Kanda Tsugiyasu , Iwasaki Tsutomu , Kurabayashi Masahiko , Nagai Ryozo 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Pleural involvement of systemic amyloidosis has been rarely reported. We report a case with multiple myeloma presenting an intractable right pleural effusion, in which pleural amyloidosis was diagnosed through pleural biopsy using a Cope needle. The diagnosis of pleural amyloidosis is important, because its refractory pleural effusion should be treated with pleurodesis. Since closed pleural biopsy using a Cope needle is much less invasive than thoracoscopy, the former should be attempted first whenever pleural amyloidosis is suspected.
A comparative study of pleurodesis using talc slurry and bleomycin in the management of malignant pleural effusions
Authors: Ong Kian Chung , Indumathi Venkathesan , Raghuram Jagadesan , Ong Yong Yau 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Differing success rates of various pleurodesis agents have been reported in the management of malignant pleural effusions. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of two commonly used agents, talc and bleomycin, for the pleurodesis of malignant pleural effusions. Methodology: Inclusion in the study required proof of a malignant pleural effusion by fluid cytology or pleural biopsy. Exclusion criteria included trapped lung, loculated effusions, recurrent effusions and life expectancy < 1 month. Five grams of talc or 1 unit per kilogram bodyweight of bleomycin mixed in 150 mL of normal saline was administered via tube thoracostomy after complete drainage of the pleural effusion in each patient. Treatment success was defined as the absence of recurrent pleural effusion on the chest radiograph 1 month after pleurodesis. Results: Treatment success was achieved in 16 out of 18 patients (89%) in the talc slurry group versus 14 out of 20 patients (70%) in the bleomycin group (P = 0.168). Fever and pain were the only side‐effects of pleurodesis in both groups. Conclusion: These results indicate that talc slurry is as effective as bleomycin in preventing early recurrence of malignant pleural effusions. Pleurodesis with talc instead of bleomycin can result in significant cost savings.
Cell type accuracy of transthoracic fine needle aspiration material in primary lung cancer
Authors: Yilmaz Adnan , Üskül Taha Bahad´yr , Bayramgürler Birol , Baran Reha 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic fine needle aspiration (TFNA) materials in establishing the specific cell type in primary lung cancer, and to study the influence of several factors on this accuracy.Methodology:The present study included 129 patients [(12 females, 117 males; mean age 54.6 years (range 25–75)] who underwent thoracotomy. The initial diagnosis was obtained by means of TFNA biopsy in all patients. Transthoracic fine needle aspiration was performed by 22‐gauge Chiba needle with fluoroscopy guide in 93 patients and with computed tomography guide in 36 cases.Results:The overall concordance was 73.6% (Kappa = 0.52). The worst agreement was obtained for the large cell carcinoma (40%; Kappa = 0.48). The likelihood of a correct diagnosis using the TFNA specimens was 6.2‐fold higher for well‐differentiated tumours than for poorly differentiated tumours (P< 0.005). The stage of tumour and diameter of the lesion had no effect on cell agreement. Cell agreement was higher in central lesions than peripheral lesions, but the difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.097). This difference was more significant between patients with central and peripheral epidermoid carcinoma (P= 0.057).Conclusion:In our opinion, cell typing by TFNA may lead to incorrect results in the presence of poor differentiation, mixed tumours and peripheral epidermoid carcinomas.
Effect of the long‐term use of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density in asthmatic women
Authors: Sivri Ayşen , Çöplü Lütfi 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Inhaled corticosteroids have become a key element in the maintenance treatment of bronchial asthma. Recent studies have shown that administration of inhaled corticosteroids is associated with evidence of derangement in bone turnover. Therefore, we studied the bone mineral density (BMD) of asthmatic women receiving long‐term inhaled corticosteroids and compared them with healthy individuals matched for age, sex, menopausal status and body mass index.Methodology: Thirty‐two female patients with bronchial asthma, who had been using inhaled corticosteroids (beclomethasone dipropionate 750–1500 μg/day) regularly for at least 3 months, were included in the study. Bone mineral density measurements were done with dual X‐ray absorptiometry in the lumbar area of the spine and the hip. Detailed laboratory examation was also done for the patients and 26 controls.Results: There was a significant decrease in BMD of the patient group at the lumbar region and femur as compared with normal controls. In the patients there was a significant negative correlation between the duration of therapy, daily and cumulative doses, and BMD at the lumbar region but not BMD at the femur.Conclusions: These results indicate that long‐term use of inhaled corticosteroids is associated with significant bone loss in asthmatic women and is especially related to the duration of therapy. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately screen and give prophylactic treatment to those who are likely to develop osteoporosis from inhaled corticosteroid treatment.