bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems: comparison between a clinical and a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Garnefski Nadia , Van Den Kommer Tessa , Kraaij Vivian , Teerds Jan , Legerstee Jeroen , Onstein Evert 
Published: October 2002

This study focuses on the relationship between the use of specific cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems. Two samples were included: 99 adults from a clinical population and 99 matched non‐clinical adults. Data was obtained in both groups on the use of nine cognitive emotion regulation strategies: self‐blame, other‐blame, rumination, catastrophizing, putting into perspective, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, and refocus on planning. Logistic regression analyses show that self‐blame, catastrophizing, and positive reappraisal were, relative to the other strategies, the most important variables for distinguishing between the two samples. While the first two strategies were reported significantly more often by the clinical than by the non‐clinical sample, positive reappraisal was reported significantly more often by the non‐clinical sample. The results suggest that cognitive emotion regulation strategies may be a useful target for prevention and intervention. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adiabatic connection method for X− + RX nucleophilic substitution reactions (X = F, Cl)
Authors: Kormos Bethany L. , Cramer Christopher J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA modified Perdew–Wang one‐parameter hybrid density functional (mPW1N) was developed for nucleophilic substitution reactions by optimizing the fraction of exact exchange in vPW1PW91/6–31+G(d). Activation energies for 20 identity nucleophilic substitution and alkyl halide heterolysis reactions involving fluorine and chlorine were compared to values computed at the MCG3//MC‐QCISD level to arrive at an optimal value of 40.6% HF exchange in mPW1N. This choice also leads to improved transition‐state geometries over the training set. Results from mPW1N are compared with those from other common DFT methods, and some sources of error are explored. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel block ionomers. I. Synthesis and characterization of polyisobutylene‐based block anionomers
Authors: Fang Zheng , Kennedy Joseph P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA series of novel block anionomers consisting of polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) segments were prepared and characterized. The specific targets were various molecular weight diblocks (PIB‐b‐PMAA−), triblocks (PMAA−‐b‐PIB‐b‐PMAA−), and three‐arm star blocks [Φ(PIB‐b‐PMAA−)3] consisting of rubbery PIB blocks with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 50–1000 (number‐average molecular weight = 3000–54,000 g/mol) connected to blocks of PMAA− anions with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 5–20. The overall strategy for the synthesis of these constructs consisted of four steps: (1) synthesis by living cationic polymerization of t‐chloro‐monotelechelic, t‐chloro‐ditelechelic, and t‐chloro‐tritelechelic PIBs; (2) site transformation to obtain PIBs fitted with termini capable of mediating the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBMA); (3) ATRP of tBMA, and (4) hydrolysis of poly(tert‐butyl methacrylate) to PMAA−. The architectures created and the synthesis steps employed are summarized. Kinetic and model experiments greatly assisted in the development of convenient synthesis methods. The microarchitectures of the various block anionomers were confirmed by spectroscopy and other techniques. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3662–3678, 2002
Low dielectric thermoset. II. Synthesis and properties of novel 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–dipentene epoxy
Authors: Lin Ching Hsuan , Jiang Zheng Rong , Wang Chun Shan 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–dipentene adduct was synthesized from dipentene (DP) and 2,6‐dimethyl phenol, and then a 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–DP epoxy was synthesized from the reaction of the resultant 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–DP adduct and epichlorohydrin. The proposed structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis, mass spectra, NMR spectra, and epoxy equivalent weight titration. The synthesized 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–DP adduct was cured with 4,4‐diamino diphenyl methane, phenol novolac, 4,4‐diamino diphenyl sulfone, and 4,4‐diamino diphenyl ether. The thermal properties of the cured epoxy resins were studied with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, dielectric analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. These data were compared with those for the bisphenol A epoxy system. The cured 2,6‐dimethyl phenol–DP epoxy exhibited a lower dielectric constant (ca. 3.1), a lower dissipation factor (ca. 0.065), a lower modulus, lower thermal stability (5% degradation temperature = 366–424 °C), and lower moisture absorption (1.21–2.18%) than the bisphenol A system but a higher glass‐transition temperature (ca. 173–222 °C) than that of bisphenol A system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4084–4097, 2002
Multiple melting behavior of poly(butylene succinate). I. Thermal analysis of melt‐crystallized samples
Authors: Yasuniwa Munehisa , Satou Tadashi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe multiple melting behavior of poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu) was studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Three different PBSu resins, with molecular weights of 1.1 × 105, 1.8 × 105, and 2.5 × 105, were cooled from the melt (150 °C) at various cooling rates (CRs) ranging from 0.2 to 50 K min−1. The peak crystallization temperature (Tc) of the DSC curve in the cooling process decreased almost linearly with the logarithm of the CR. DSC melting curves for the melt‐crystallized samples were obtained at 10 K min−1. Double endothermic peaks, a high‐temperature peak H and a low‐temperature peak L, and an exothermic peak located between them appeared. Peak L decreased with increasing CR, whereas peak H increased. An endothermic shoulder peak appeared at the lower temperature of peak H. The CR dependence of the peak melting temperatures [Tm(L) and Tm(H)], recrystallization temperature (Tre), and heat of fusion (ΔH) was obtained. Their fitting curves were obtained as functions of log(CR). Tm(L), Tre, and ΔH decreased almost linearly with log(CR), whereas Tm(H) was almost constant. Peak H decreased with the molecular weight, whereas peak L increased. It was suggested that the rate of the recrystallization decreased with the molecular weight. Tm(L), Tm(H), Tre, and Tc for the lowest molecular weight sample were lower than those for the others. In contrast, ΔH for the highest molecular weight sample was lower than that for the others. If the molecular weight dependence of the melting temperature for PBSu is similar to that for polyethylene, the results for the molecular weight dependence of PBSu can be explained. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2411–2420, 2002
Oxygen‐barrier properties of cold‐crystallized and melt‐crystallized poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐4,4′‐bibenzoate)
Authors: Hu Y. S. , Liu R. Y. F. , Rogunova M. , Schiraldi D. A. , Nazarenko S. , Hiltner A. , Baer E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined the oxygen‐transport properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐bibenzoate) (PETBB55) crystallized from the melt (melt crystallization) or quenched to glass and subsequently isothermally crystallized by heating above the glass‐transition temperature (cold crystallization). The gauche–trans conformation of the glycol linkage was determined by infrared analysis, and the crystalline morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy. Oxygen solubility decreased linearly with volume fraction crystallinity. For melt‐crystallized PETBB55, extrapolation to zero solubility corresponded to an impermeable crystal with 100% trans glycol conformations, a density of 1.396 g cm−3, and a heat of melting of 83 J g−1. From the melt, PETBB55 crystallized as space‐filling spherulites with loosely organized lamellae and pronounced secondary crystallization. The morphological observations provided a structural model for permeability consisting of impermeable platelets randomly dispersed in a permeable matrix. In contrast, cold‐crystallized PETBB55 retained the granular texture of the quenched polymer despite the high level of crystallinity, as measured by the density and heat of melting. Oxygen solubility decreased linearly with volume fraction crystallinity, but zero solubility corresponded to an impermeable defective crystal with a trans fraction of 0.83 and a density of 1.381 g cm−3. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2489–2503, 2002
Specificity and versatility of nucleating agents toward isotactic polypropylene crystal phases
Authors: Mathieu C. , Thierry A. , Wittmann J. C. , Lotz B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNucleating agents with an ≈6.5 Å lattice parameter induced the α phase of isotactic polypropylene (iPP, α‐iPP). A 6.5 Å periodicity is also involved in the nucleating agents for the β phase of iPP (β‐iPP). The similarity in substrate periodicities suggests that some nucleating agents may induce either the α or β phase under different crystallization conditions. 4‐Fluorobenzoic acid, dicyclohexylterephthalamide, and γ‐quinacridone (the latter two are known as β‐iPP nucleators) were tested over a wide range of crystallization temperatures [up to crystallization temperature (Tc) > 145 °C]. The two former nucleating agents induce exclusively α‐iPP and β‐iPP, respectively. γ‐Quinacridone on the contrary is a versatile agent with respect to the crystal phase generated. More specifically, the same crystal face of γ‐quinacridone induces either β‐iPP or α‐iPP when Tc is below or above ≈140 °C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2504–2515, 2002
Morphology and thermal properties of conductive polyaniline/polyamide composite films
Authors: Zhang Qinghua , Wang Xianhong , Geng Yanhou , Chen Dajun , Jing Xiabin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI) in an emeraldine‐base form, synthesized by chemical oxidation polymerization, was doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA). The conducting complex (PANI–CSA) and a matrix, polyamide‐66, polyamide‐11, or polyamide‐1010, were dissolved in a mixed solvent, and the blend solution was dropped onto glass and dried for the preparation of PANI/polyamide composite films. The conductivity of the films ranged from 10−7 to 100 S/cm when the weight fraction of PANI–CSA in the matrices changed from 0.01 to 0.09, and the percolation threshold was about 2 wt %. The morphology of the composite films before and after etching was studied with scanning electron microscopy, and the thermal properties of the composite films were monitored with differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the morphology of the blend systems was in a globular form. The addition of PANI–CSA to the films resulted in a decrease in the melting temperature of the composite films and also affected the crystallinity of the blend systems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2531–2538, 2002
Bone marrow stem cells do not repopulate the healthy upper respiratory tract
Authors: Davies Jane C. , Potter Mike , Bush Andrew , Rosenthal Mark , Geddes Duncan M. , Alton Eric W.F.W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRecent studies reported differentiation of both bone marrow and tissue‐specific stem cells into cells of other organs. The demonstration that bone marrow stem cells differentiate into human hepatocytes in vivo has raised the possibility of new therapeutic approaches for liver disease. For diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF), correction of the respiratory epithelium is being attempted by gene therapy. Differentiation of bone marrow stem cells into epithelium of the lung and airway was recently reported in an animal model, and would provide an alternative approach. We examined the nasal epithelium of female patients up to 15 years after gender‐mismatched bone marrow transplantation. Donor‐derived epithelial cells were sought with a combination of Y‐chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization and anti‐cytokeratin antibody.In nasal brushing samples from 6 transplant‐recipients, a median of 2.5% (range, 0.7–18.1%) of nuclei was male and identified as being of donor‐origin. However, a complete absence of staining with anti‐cytokeratin antibodies confirmed that these were not epithelial cells, but were likely to be either intraepithelial lymphocytes or mesenchymal cells.Following whole bone marrow transplantation, bone marrow progenitor cells do not differentiate into respiratory epithelium of the healthy upper airway. The differences between this and other studies could relate to the cells transplanted, to differential rates of turnover, or to the requirement for specific triggers to stimulate migration and differentiation. In the absence of such conditions, whole bone marrow transplantation is unlikely to provide a route for correction of the CF airway. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:251–256. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmission of colistin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa between patients attending a pediatric cystic fibrosis center
Authors: Denton M. , Kerr K. , Mooney L. , Keer V. , Rajgopal A. , Brownlee K. , Arundel P. , Conway S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on an outbreak of colistin‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) that occurred in a United Kingdom pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) unit and involved six children over a period of 5 years. All CRPA‐positive children had received aerosolized colistin therapy before first isolation of resistant organisms (mean duration, 3.1 years). Four of the 6 had also received courses of intravenous colistin in the year before the first isolation of CRPA. No impact of CRPA acquisition on respiratory function, clinical condition, or radiological parameters could be demonstrated. Four of the 6 children carried isolates of CRPA indistinguishable on genotyping. Two of these 4 children were sisters. The other 2 were on the same ward together at time of first isolation, and subsequently shared overlapping admissions with one of the sisters.While there is no conclusive evidence for the route of transmission, the frequency of overlapping in‐patient admissions between 3 of these patients is suggestive of patient‐to‐patient transfer in the nosocomial setting.CF clinicians should be aware that colistin resistance can occur in P. aeruginosa, and some of these strains are capable of spread within CF units. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:257–261. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do in‐line respiratory filters protect patients? comparing bacterial removal efficiency of six filters
Authors: Canakis Anne‐Marie , Ho Bernard , Ho Sharon , Kovach Danuta , Matlow Anne , Coates Allan L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith all pulmonary function diagnostic and respiratory therapy equipment, cross‐infection has always been a concern, especially in the cystic fibrosis population, in whom pulmonary function tests are done routinely. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the bacterial removal efficiency (BRE, ability of a filter to remove microorganisms) of six different filters used in hospital settings: Microgard (MG), Spirobac (SB), PALL (PL), and KOKO (KK), used in the pulmonary function laboratory; and Clear‐Guard (CG) and Respigard (RG), used in ventilator circuits. Filters were tested in both saturated and nonsaturated conditions. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa suspension of 1 × 104 to 1 × 108 CFU/mL was nebulized onto each filter. A blood agar plate was held immediately downstream from the filter. Colony‐forming units (CFU) were then counted after 24 hr of incubation. A peak flow was applied across the spirometry filters. Bacterial thresholds of the filters were also identified (concentration of bacteria at which a filter no longer has 100% BRE).There was a significant difference in BRE among the six filters in saturated states when challenged with 1 × 104 CFU/mL (MG, KK, CG, and RG, 100%; SB, 98.8%; PL, 42.7%; P = 0.003). There was no significant difference between saturated and nonsaturated states, or after application of a peak flow. Filter thresholds were significantly different (KK 1 × 108, MG 1 × 107, CG 1 × 106, RG 1 × 105, and SB and PL <1 × 104 CFU/mL).In conclusion, when all filters are exposed to the same extreme challenges, significant differences exist in their ability to remove bacteria. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:336–341. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adrenal insufficiency and testicular failure secondary to megestrol acetate therapy in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: McKone Edward F. , Tonelli Mark R. , Aitken Moira L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe present a case report of adrenal insufficiency and testicular failure in an adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patient due to megestrol acetate therapy. This is followed by a review of the literature on the use of megestrol acetate in the treatment of weight loss in CF, AIDS, and cancer, with particular emphasis on the adverse effects that should be looked for in CF patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:381–383. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroendocrine differentiation of human prostatic primary epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Rumpold Holger , Heinrich Elmar , Untergasser Gerold , Hermann Martin , Pfister Gerald , Plas Eugen , Berger Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDDispersed prostatic neuroendocrine cells are involved in growth regulation of the prostate and are considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). They are meant either to be derived from the neural crest during embryogenesis or by direct differentiation of the cells from locally present precursor cells.METHODSAn in vitro model was developed for human prostatic epithelial and neuroendocrine cell differentiation. Minced explants from radical prostatectomies were seeded on collagen I–coated plates.RESULTSThe majority of outgrowing cells were basal cells, positive for cytokeratin markers K 5/14 and CD 44, as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. A small fraction of interdispersed single cells expressing c‐kit, which is found on pluripotent precursors, was identified by immunofluorescence. From these basal cells, in vitro differentiation of cells with neuroendocrine morphology could be achieved within 3 days. These were at rest, i.e., non‐bromodeoxyuridine incorporating cells and characteristically coexpressed K 5/14, K 18, and the neuroendocrine marker chromogranin A. Luminal cells staining for K 8 or 18 were not observed.CONCLUSIONNeuroendocrine differentiation of adult prostatic cells was achieved in vitro, favoring the hypothesis that neuroendocrine cells are derived from peripheral precursor cells. The acceleration of this differentiation pathway may be the reason for the increased presence of neuroendocrine cells in areas of epithelial hyperplasia in BPH. Prostate 53: 101–108, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apoptosis resistance of neuroendocrine phenotypes in prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Fixemer Thomas , Remberger Klaus , Bonkhoff Helmut 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeuroendocrine (NE) differentiation has been implicated in prostate cancer progression and hormone therapy failure. It has been shown that prostate cancer cells with NE features lack proliferation activity in vitro and in vivo. The current study reports on the apoptotic status of NE phenotypes in human prostate cancer.METHODSDouble‐label techniques were used for simultaneous demonstration of the endocrine marker chromogranin A (ChrA) and DNA fragmentation assessed by the terminal transferase‐mediated biotinylated 16‐desoxy‐uridine‐tri‐phosphate (bio‐16‐dUTP) nick‐end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay. The material included primary prostatic adenocarcinoma (n = 18), lymph node metastases (n = 5), bone metastases (n = 2), and recurrent lesions (n = 10) showing NE differentiation at the immunohistochemical level.RESULTSIrrespective of grades, stages, and the degree of NE differentiation, DNA fragmentation was restricted to exocrine (ChrA‐negative) tumor cells and was undetectable in most of NE tumor cells expressing ChrA. At least 0.16% of ChrA‐positive tumor cells revealed DNA fragmentation assessed by the TUNEL assay.CONCLUSIONThe present data suggest that the vast majority of prostate cancer cells with NE features escapes programmed cell death. This escape may contribute significantly to their drug resistance and their malignant potential. Prostate 53: 118–123, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced plasma levels of coagulation factors in relation to prostate cancer
Authors: Beecken Wolf‐Dietrich , Bentas Wassilios , Engels Knut , Glienke Wolfgang , Urbschat Anja , Jonas Dietger , Binder Jochen , Scharrer Inge 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer has historically been associated with coagulation abnormalities. This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of abnormalities of coagulation factors in patients with prostate cancer before and after radical prostatectomy (RP). Because coagulation factors have been shown to be involved in tumor angiogenesis, the vascular density of the prostate tumors was assessed.METHODSPlasma of 40 consecutive patients with histologically proven prostate cancer was investigated pre‐RP and post‐RP. The antigen level for antithrombin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, and heparin cofactor‐II, and the plasma activity of antithrombin and plasminogen were determined by using immunologic and chromogenic assays. The values of these assays were compared with a group of 28 male, age‐matched patients without any evidence of cancer and 18 patients with orthopedic interventions preoperatively and postoperatively. The vascular density of the prostate tumors was assessed by staining paraffin sections with an antibody to CD34.RESULTSThe median plasma antigen levels and/or activities of the investigated factors were below normal in the prostate cancer patients before RP. Furthermore, coagulation factors were significantly lower than in the age‐matched control group and patients before and after orthopedic surgery. In prostate cancer patients, the median values of all investigated factors went up to normal levels within 2 weeks after RP, whereas postsurgical levels in orthopedic patients remained stable. No correlations to tumor parameters have been observed.CONCLUSIONWe assume that the reduction of these coagulation factors is a principle concept in prostate cancer that needs further investigation. Prostate 53: 160–167, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.