bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between adherence to statin therapy and lipid control in Hong Kong Chinese patients at high risk of coronary heart disease
Authors: Cheng Caroline W. R. , Woo Kam‐sang , Chan Juliana C. N. , Tomlinson Brian , You Joyce H. S. 
Published: November 2004

AimsTo examine the pattern of adherence to statin therapy and to determine the association of adherence to statin therapy and the control of serum low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol in a cohort of Hong Kong Chinese patients at high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at the outpatient clinics of a public teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Patients at high risk of CHD who had been initiated on statin monotherapy for < 12 months were recruited. The statin prescription was dispensed in a bottle with the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Adherence was assessed in two dimensions: dose‐count was defined as the percentage of doses taken, and dose‐time was defined as the percentage of doses taken within the suggested time interval. Lipid profiles were obtained at baseline and during two follow‐up visits at month 3 and month 6.ResultsEighty‐three patients completed the study. The median adherence to dose‐count and to dose‐time were 95% (25‐75th percentile = 87–99%) and 78% (25–75th percentile = 17–92%), respectively. Both dose‐count and dose‐time adherence declined slightly over the first 6 months of therapy. Living with family [relative risk (RR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.91] and duration of therapy (RR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98, 1.00) were negative predictors while number of family members (among those living with family) (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00, 1.08) was a positive predictor for adherence to dose‐count. Monthly household income (RR = 1.01, 95% CI 1.00, 1.02) and angina (RR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.05, 1.58) were positive predictors while living with family (RR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.55, 0.90) was a negative predictor for dose‐time adherence. Percent reduction in serum LDL‐cholesterol was correlated to dose‐count (P < 0.001) and dose‐time (P = 0.047) adherence. Statistically significant correlations were observed between adherence to dose‐count and LDL reduction (R2 = 0.130; P = 0.001), and between dose‐time adherence and LDL reduction (R2 = 0.048; P = 0.047).ConclusionHigh adherence to statin therapy was found in a cohort of Chinese patients at high risk of CHD and the adherence declined slightly over time. A weak association between adherence to statin dose‐count and LDL reduction and a marginal association between dose‐time adherence and LDL reduction were observed.
Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of brotizolam
Authors: Osanai T. , Ohkubo T. , Yasui N. , Kondo T. , Kaneko S. 
Published: November 2004

AimsTo assess the effect of itraconazole, a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4, on the single oral dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of brotizolam.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over trial 10 healthy male subjects received either itraconazole 200 mg or matched placebo once daily for 4 days. On day 4, a single 0.5 mg dose of brotizolam was administered orally. Plasma concentrations of brotizolam were followed up to 24 h, together with assessment of psychomotor function measured by the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), visual analogue scales and UKU side‐effect rating scale.ResultsItraconazole significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) (16.47 ± 4.3 vs 3.91 ± 2.1), increased the area under the concentration‐time curves (AUC) from 0 h to 24 h (28.37 ± 10.8 vs 68.71 ± 24.1 ng ml h−1), and prolonged the elimination half‐life (4.56 ± 1.4 vs 23.27 ± 10.3 h) of brotizolam. The AUC(0,24 h) of the DSST (P < 0.001) and the item ‘sleepiness’ of UKU (P < 0.05) were significantly decreased.ConclusionsItraconazole increases plasma concentrations of brotizolam probably via its inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 brotizolam metabolism.
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/MXR/ABCG2) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: frequent expression and possible correlation with shorter disease‐free survival
Authors: Suvannasankha Attaya , Minderman Hans , O'Loughlin Kieran L. , Nakanishi Takeo , Ford Laurie A. , Greco William R. , Wetzler Meir , Ross Douglas D. , Baer Maria R. 
Published: November 2004

SummaryDrugs used in treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are substrates for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, MXR, ABCG2), which may thus play a role in resistance in this disease. Pretreatment blasts from 30 adult ALL patients were studied for BCRP mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, BCRP protein by immunophenotyping with three antibodies and BCRP function by fumitremorgin C modulation of intracellular mitoxantrone retention, measured by flow cytometry. BCRP mRNA in all cases encoded wild type protein (BCRPR482), which mediates mitoxantrone and methotrexate resistance, but only low‐level anthracycline resistance. The BXP‐21, BXP‐34 and anti‐ABCG2 antibodies stained blasts in 13, 11 and 14 cases (43%, 37% and 47%); BXP‐21 correlated well with BXP‐34 and anti‐ABCG2, but BXP‐34 and anti‐ABCG2 did not correlate, and antibody staining did not correlate with mRNA levels. BCRP function was seen in 21 cases (70%), but correlated poorly with antibody staining. An exploratory statistical analysis indicated that BXP‐21 staining was predictive of shorter disease‐free survival (DFS) (P = 0·0374) in this small patient population. Poor correlations between mRNA, protein and function indicate the complex biology of BCRP in adult ALL, and the possible correlation of BCRP expression with DFS should be studied in larger series.
Erythropoietin treatment of the anaemia of myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: results in 20 patients and review of the literature
Authors: Cervantes Francisco , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto , Hernández‐Boluda Juan‐Carlos , Sureda Ana , Torrebadell Montserrat , Montserrat Emili 
Published: November 2004

SummaryRecombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is an effective treatment for the anaemia that occurs secondary to various conditions, but its role in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is not well established. rHuEPO, at an initial dose of 10 000 U thrice a week, was given to 20 patients with MMM and anaemia. Complete response (CR) was defined as transfusion cessation with normal haemoglobin (Hb) levels and partial response (PR) as a transfusion decrease ≥50% and Hb > 10 g/dl maintained for at least 8 weeks. Nine patients (45%) showed a favourable response to treatment, including four CR and five PR, four of whom have maintained their response at a median follow‐up of 12·5 months (range: 4–21 months) from the start of treatment. The pretreatment factors associated with a favourable response were lack of transfusion requirement (P = 0·002) and higher Hb at start treatment of (P = 0·01). An analysis of the present series (n = 20) and 31 patients from the literature identified 28 (55%) favourable responses to rHuEPO, including 16 CR and 12 PR. In the multivariate analysis, serum erythropoietin level <125 U/l was found to be associated with a favourable response to rHuEPO, whereas lack of transfusional support had borderline significance.
Maternal soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 (sTNFR2) and adiponectin are both related to blood pressure during gestation and infant's birthweight
Authors: López‐Bermejo A. , Fernández‐Real J. M. , Garrido E. , Rovira R. , Brichs R. , Genaró P. , Bach C. , Cabrero D. , Kihara S. , Funahashi T. , Vendrell J. , Ricart W. 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and adiponectin are strongly related to insulin sensitivity; insulin resistance of pregnancy is a major determinant of infant's birthweight. We aimed to study the contributions of maternal serum concentrations of soluble TNF‐α receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and adiponectin to infant's birthweight.design  Cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study of insulin sensitivity during gestation.patients  Fifty‐one healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery (except for elective Caesarian section) and their healthy newborn infants.measurements  Maternal blood levels of glucose, insulin, glycosylated haemaglobin (HbA1c), sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and adiponectin at delivery; cord‐blood levels of sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and adiponectin.results  At delivery, maternal sTNFR2 correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0·38, P = 0·005). In multiple regression analyses, SBP and HbA1c were independent predictors of sTNFR2, explaining 18 and 7% of its variance, respectively; insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR), body mass index at delivery and SBP were independent predictors of adiponectin, explaining 15, 8 and 7% of its variance, respectively. Both maternal sTNFR2 and SBP were negatively correlated with infant's birthweight (r = −0·28, P = 0·04 and r = −0·36, P = 0·01 respectively, adjusted for sex and gestational age). In multivariate regression analyses, infant's sex and either maternal sTNFR2 or adiponectin were independent predictors of infant's birthweight, each explaining between 6 and 9% of birthweight variance. Further addition of maternal SBP to these models revealed that this variable was the main predictor of infant's birthweight, explaining 13% of its variance.conclusions  Maternal sTNFR2 and adiponectin are independently related to both maternal blood pressure and infant's birthweight in uncomplicated pregnancy. The contributions of the TNF‐α system and adiponectin to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth merit further studies.
Testosterone increases bone mineral density in female‐to‐male transsexuals: a case series of 15 subjects
Authors: Turner Adrian , Chen Tai C. , Barber Tom W. , Malabanan Alan O. , Holick Michael F. , Tangpricha Vin 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective  Testosterone therapy for osteoporosis has not been studied extensively in women because of its potential to cause virilization. Female‐to‐male transsexuals are genetic females who suffer from gender dysphoria and thus take supra‐physiologic doses of testosterone to change from the female to male phenotype. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of testosterone treatment on the genetic female skeleton.patients and design  A group of 15 female‐to‐male transsexuals was prospectively enrolled for observation over a 2‐year period. The subjects had a mean age of 37·0 ± 3·0 years. All of the subjects self‐administered testosterone esters intramuscularly at a mean dose of 70·7 ± 4·5 mg weekly.measurements  The subjects had measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the femoral neck and spine (L2–L4) at 12‐month intervals. They had determinations of serum oestradiol, testosterone, soluble RANKL (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and urine N‐telopeptide (NTX) at the date of enrolment and at the end of 2 years.results  There was a significant positive increase in mean BMD of 7·8% at the femoral neck and a nonsignificant increase in mean BMD of 3·1% at the spine over 2 years. The levels of testosterone reached the upper normal range for males and the levels of oestradiol declined to near the postmenopausal range. sRANKL levels decreased significantly in female‐to‐male transsexuals who newly initiated testosterone therapy. There was no significant change in urine NTX or serum OPG during the study.conclusions  We conclude that supra‐physiologic testosterone therapy increases BMD at the hip while maintaining BMD at the spine in female‐to‐male transsexuals. The effects of testosterone may be the result of testosterone hormone directly acting on the bone or indirectly through aromatization to oestradiol. Lower RANKL levels coupled with unchanged OPG levels results in an increased OPG/RANKL ratio, which may be beneficial to the bone by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.
Uterus size and ovarian morphology in women with isolated growth hormone deficiency, hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypopituitarism
Authors: Tsilchorozidou Tasoula , Conway Gerard S. 
Published: November 2004

Summaryobjective and subjects  Current data suggest a permissive role for the somatotrophic axis in the reproductive process, mainly by affecting the onset of puberty and the maintenance of regular menstrual cyclicity. To assess a possible interface between GH and reproductive axes in determining the uterus size, we retrospectively evaluated 58 pelvic ultrasound scans in adult women with either isolated growth hormone deficiency (GHD; n = 12), hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH; n = 24) or hypopituitarism (HP; n = 22) of prepubertal onset. Pelvic ultrasound was performed before oestrogen replacement in patients with HH or HP, and after completion of GH treatment in the majority of patients with HP. Eight women with HH and seven with HP had a second pelvic ultrasound examination after being established on oestrogen replacement therapy. A group of 19 young healthy women with no previous history of pregnancy or miscarriage were included for comparison of ultrasound data.results  Uterine measurements, length and uterine cross‐sectional area (UXA) were significantly less in the three study groups compared to healthy controls [median UXA: GHD 18·0 cm2 (range 9·9–28·6 cm2), HH 7·0 cm2 (range 1·3–18·5 cm2), HP 11·8 cm2 (range 1·6–21·8 cm2) and controls 23·0 cm2 (range 16·1–31·7 cm2); P < 0·001]. The median age of oestrogen replacement was significantly later in HH [19 years (range 16–26 years)] compared to HP [16·5 years (range 13–20 years)]P = 0·03, while the median age of menarche of GHD patients was 14·5 years (range 11–16 years), which was not statistically different from controls [13·0 years (range 12·5–14·5 years)]. Repeat uterine measurements on oestrogen in the subgroup of 15 patients did not reach the normal values [pretreatment UXA: 4·2 cm2 (range 1·6–16·1 cm2), post‐treatment UXA: 12·6 cm2 (range 4–23 cm2)]. Ovarian volume was smaller in the two groups of women with gonadotrophin deficiency (HH and HP), while a polycystic ovarian morphology was notably more prevalent in the two groups who had received GH treatment being found in 75 and 58% of women with GHD and HP, respectively, compared with 12·5% in women with HH (P < 0·004).conclusions  Our findings suggest that GHD might have an independent effect in determining uterus size and therefore the consequences of GHD plus oestrogen deficiency on uterus growth might be additive. The fact that uterine measurements between HH and HP patients did not differed significantly in this study may be explained by the fact that oestrogen replacement has been substituted earlier in the latter group. Furthermore, it appears that standard oestrogen replacement therapy did not result in normal uterine growth. A polycystic ovarian morphology may be a consequence of GH treatment.
Responses to the 35% CO2 challenge in postpartum women
Authors: Kaye Joey , Soothill Peter , Hunt Moira , Lightman Stafford 
Published: November 2004

SummaryLactation has been associated with suppression of some components of the neuroendocrine stress response. In humans, suppression of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been demonstrated in response to both a psychological and an exercise challenge, but appears to be limited to a short period of time following suckling. Information regarding other components of the stress response and to other challenges in humans is limited. We have evaluated the endocrine, autonomic and psychological response to a single breath of 35% CO2 during lactation. The 35% CO2 challenge is a safe and simple test that has been shown to stimulate the HPA axis, produce autonomic activation and emotional arousal. Eight breastfeeding and six bottle‐feeding mothers, 6 weeks’ postpartum, and eight control women were studied. Twenty minutes following the cessation of feeding, plasma cortisol levels were significantly reduced in the breastfeeding women (P = 0·002 compared with control and P = 0·003 compared with bottle‐feeders). Despite this, cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate and psychological responses to the challenge were no different in the breastfeeding group compared to either the control or bottle feeding groups. These results confirm that suckling is associated with short‐term suppression of cortisol, but this has no effect on the ability of the mother to mount a normal hormonal, autonomic and psychological response to the 35% CO2 challenge.
A practical approach to PP seismic angle tomography
Authors: Foss S.K. , Ursin B. , Sollid A. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTThe use of the differential semblance misfit function on common‐image‐point gathers in the angle domain lends itself to an automated tomographic approach through a gradient‐based search in the model space. The velocity model is described by a layer‐based model with linear velocity trends and a superimposed bicubic B‐spline. The interfaces of the layer‐based model are computed by map migration of the PP zero‐offset traveltimes of key reflectors. The common‐image‐point gathers are produced by a restricted inverse generalized Radon transform or amplitude‐versus‐angle‐compensated migration. We present a complete description of all 2.5D formulae for isotropic velocity analysis of PP reflections and the results for ocean‐bottom seismic data.
Infilling of sparse 3D data for 3D focusing operator estimation
Authors: Van De Rijzen M.J. , Gisolf A. , Verschuur D.J. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTSeismic migration can be formulated in terms of two consecutive downward extrapolation steps: refocusing the receivers and refocusing the sources. Applying only the first focusing step with an estimate of the focusing operators results in a common focal point (CFP) gather for each depth point at a reflecting boundary. The CFP gathers, in combination with the estimates of the focusing operators, can be used in an iterative procedure to obtain the correct operators. However, current 3D seismic data acquisition geometries do not contain the dense spatial sampling required for calculation of full 3D CFP gathers. We report on the construction of full 3D CFP gathers using a non‐full 3D acquisition geometry. The proposed method uses a reflector‐orientated data infill procedure based on the azimuthal redundancy of the reflection data. The results on 3D numerical data in this paper show that full 3D CFP gathers, which are kinematically and dynamically correct for the target event, can be obtained. These gathers can be used for iterative updating of the 3D focusing operators.
3D angle‐domain common‐image gathers for migration velocity analysis
Authors: Biondi B. , Tisserant T. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTAngle‐domain common‐image gathers (ADCIGs) are an essential tool for migration velocity analysis (MVA). We present a method for computing ADCIGs in 3D from the results of wavefield‐continuation migration. The proposed methodology can be applied before or after the imaging step in a migration procedure. When computed before imaging, 3D ADCIGs are functions of the offset ray parameters (p, p); we derive the geometric relationship that links the offset ray parameters to the aperture angle γ and the reflection azimuth φ. When computed after imaging, 3D ADCIGs are directly produced as functions of γ and φ.The mapping of the offset ray parameters (p, p) into the angles (γ, φ) depends on both the local dips and the local interval velocity; therefore, the transformation of ADCIGs computed before imaging into ADCIGs that are functions of the actual angles is difficult in complex structure. By contrast, the computation of ADCIGs after imaging is efficient and accurate even in the presence of complex structure and a heterogeneous velocity function. On the other hand, the estimation of the offset ray parameters (p, p) is less sensitive to velocity errors than the estimation of the angles (γ, φ). When ADCIGs that are functions of the offset ray parameters (p, p) are adequate for the application of interest (e.g. ray‐based tomography), the computation of ADCIGs before imaging might be preferable.Errors in the migration velocity cause the image point in the angle domain to shift along the normal to the apparent geological dip. By assuming stationary rays (i.e. small velocity errors), we derive a quantitative relationship between this normal shift and the traveltime perturbation caused by velocity errors. This relationship can be directly used in an MVA procedure to invert depth errors measured from ADCIGs into migration velocity updates. In this paper, we use it to derive an approximate 3D residual moveout (RMO) function for measuring inconsistencies between the migrated images at different γ and φ. We tested the accuracy of our kinematic analysis on a 3D synthetic data set with steeply dipping reflectors and a vertically varying propagation velocity. The tests confirm the accuracy of our analysis and illustrate the limitations of the straight‐ray approximation underlying our derivation of the 3D RMO function.
Estimating the elastic parameters of anisotropic media using a joint inversion of P‐wave and SV‐wave traveltime error
Authors: Ferguson R.J. , Sen M.K. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACTA method is presented to estimate the elastic parameters and thickness of media that are locally laterally homogeneous using P‐wave and vertically polarized shear‐wave (SV‐wave) data. This method is a ‘layer‐stripping’ technique, and it uses many aspects of common focal point (CFP) technology. For each layer, a focusing operator is computed using a model of the elastic parameters with which a CFP gather can be constructed using the seismic data. Assuming local homogeneity, the resulting differential time shifts (DTSs) represent error in the model due to anisotropy and error in thickness. In the (τ−p) domain, DTSs are traveltimes Δτ that connect error in layer thickness z, vertical slowness q, and ray parameter p. Series expansion is used to linearize Δτ with respect to error in the elastic parameters and thickness, and least‐squares inversion is used to update the model.For stability, joint inversion of P and SV data is employed and, as pure SV data are relatively rare, the use of mode‐converted (PSV) data to represent SV in the joint inversion is proposed. Analytic and synthetic examples are used to demonstrate the utility and practicality of this inversion.