bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25% and 50% tea tree oil solution: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded study
Authors: Satchell Andrew C , Saurajen Anne , Bell Craig , Barnetson Ross StC 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYTea tree oil has been shown to have activity against dermatophytes in vitro. We have conducted a randomized, controlled, double‐blinded study to determine the efficacy and safety of 25% and 50% tea tree oil in the treatment of interdigital tinea pedis. One hundred and fifty‐eight patients with tinea pedis clinically and microscopy suggestive of a dermatophyte infection were randomized to receive either placebo, 25% or 50% tea tree oil solution. Patients applied the solution twice daily to affected areas for 4 weeks and were reviewed after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. There was a marked clinical response seen in 68% of the 50% tea tree oil group and 72% of the 25% tea tree oil group, compared to 39% in the placebo group. Mycological cure was assessed by culture of skin scrapings taken at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. The mycological cure rate was 64% in the 50% tea tree oil group, compared to 31% in the placebo group. Four (3.8%) patients applying tea tree oil developed moderate to severe dermatitis that improved quickly on stopping the study medication.
Efficacy, cutaneous tolerance and cosmetic acceptability of desonide 0.05% lotion (Desowen®) versus vehicle in the short‐term treatment of facial atopic or seborrhoeic dermatitis
Authors: Freeman Susanne , Howard Anne , Foley Peter , Rosen Robert , Wood Glenda , See Jo‐Ann , Gray Susan 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThe differences between topical corticosteroids are based mainly on their potency, safety and patient acceptability. The aim of this study was to evaluate a mild‐ to mid‐potent topical corticosteroid, desonide 0.05%, on these three parameters in an Australian cohort of patients with facial seborrhoeic or atopic dermatitis. Eighty‐one adult patients were randomized to receive desonide 0.05% lotion or its vehicle, applied twice daily for 3 weeks under double‐blind conditions. In the active treatment group, 88% of patients had their skin condition cleared or almost cleared and only two patients experienced cutaneous adverse events (rash and pruritus). The acceptability of the lotion was high; 95% of patients stated they would use this topical corticosteroid again. These data support the short‐term use of desonide 0.05% lotion as a suitable agent for the short‐term treatment of facial dermatitis.
Stage IV CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Response to acitretin and interferon‐α
Authors: Ong Colin , Sullivan John , Hertzberg Mark , Stapleton Karen 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYRetinoids and interferon (IFN)‐α induce differentiation, affect cell proliferation and alter various immune parameters. In combination, their effects may be additive or even synergistic in the treatment of malignancy. We present a 53‐year‐old woman with stage IV CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma with brain, lung and skin involvement. The patient had been on methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. After a combination of oral acitretin 50 mg daily and IFN‐α 3 million units subcutaneously 3 times per week, the skin lesions cleared within 2 months, lung lesions by 5 months and brain leisons by 7 months. Although we cannot exclude that methotrexate played a role in the development of this lymphoma and that its withdrawal contributed to the clearance of lesions, we propose that the patient's disease responded to the combination of acitretin and IFN‐α.
Localized cutaneous necrosis associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Sharkey Michael P , Daryanani Indiver I , Gillett Martin B , Jones Stephen K 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 34‐year‐old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and high titres of antiphospholipid antibodies was admitted to hospital suffering a viral illness but developed haemorrhagic and necrotic areas on the neck and anterior chest 7 days following cessation of warfarin. Anticoagulation had been initiated following a retinal vein thrombosis, but was ceased on day 4 of admission when she was found to be excessively anticoagulated (international normalized ratio (INR) > 10). However, at the time of developing the cutaneous lesions, the INR was sub‐therapeutic. Histology of a skin biopsy from the neck revealed thrombosis of upper dermal blood vessels without vasculitis, consistent with antiphospholipid antibody‐related skin necrosis. This case illustrates one of the cutaneous features that can occur in patients with elevated titres of antiphospholipid antibodies and the importance of closely monitoring anticoagulation in such patients.
Lupus panniculitis clinically simulating alopecia areata
Authors: Kossard Steven 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYA 27‐year‐old woman with a known history of lupus erythematosus presented with two circumscribed patches of non‐scarring alopecia closely resembling alopecia areata. Scalp biopsy showed a predominantly subcutaneous and deep dermal lymphocytic infiltrate that surrounded the deep follicular segments and hair bulbs, as well as the eccrine glands. There was associated hyaline fat sclerosis. The epidermis, infundibular and isthmus segments of follicles were relatively spared and lacked the lichenoid inflammation and fibrosis seen with lupus erythematosus.The biopsy findings illustrate that the deep variant of lupus panniculitis may be concentrated around the hair bulbs and deep temporary segments of hair follicles and spare the permanent stem cell‐rich follicular segments. This pattern is capable of producing a temporary hair‐loss, clinically simulating alopecia areata. The clinical history, presence of subtle erythema and scalp tenderness on physical examination, as well as the biopsy findings, were important clues in distinguishing our case from a true combination of alopecia areata and lupus erythematosus.
Prospective study of depressive symptoms and quality of life in acne vulgaris patients treated with isotretinoin compared to antibiotic and topical therapy
Authors: Ng Chee H , Tam Mei M , Celi Elizabeth , Tate Bruce , Schweitzer Isaac 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThere have been recent concerns about the possible association between isotretinoin therapy and depressive symptoms. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate depressive symptoms and quality of life in acne patients having either isotretinoin or antibiotics/topical treatments. There were 215 patients (mean age 20 years) included in the study. Depression, quality of life and acne severity ratings were administered at baseline, 1 month, 3 months and end of treatment or 6 months, and compared between both treatment groups. The changes in the mean depression scores did not differ significantly between both groups (P = 0.62). The incidence of isotretinoin patients with moderate depressive symptoms remained relatively unchanged from baseline. The changes in the quality‐of‐life measures scores between treatment groups showed no significant difference. No correlation between isotretinoin dose and depression score was found. Although five isotretinoin patients were withdrawn during the study because of worsening of mood, no definite causal relationship was established. This pilot study does not appear to support any direct link between depression and isotretinoin, apart from being a rare unpredictable idiosyncratic side‐effect. However, because of the study limitations, a larger study is needed to confirm the findings.
Paediatric atopic dermatitis in Perth general practice
Authors: Thom Graham A , Halbert Anne R 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYNinety‐seven Perth general practitioners completed a self‐administered postal questionnaire that aimed to examine their caseload and management practices for childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). General practitioners saw a median of two new cases and three follow‐up consultations per month for childhood AD, and referred a median of 10% of cases to a specialist, usually a dermatologist. Most (77%) recommended emollients for all patients, but only 21% specifically reported advising their use immediately after bathing. Sixty‐one percent would use topical corticosteroids in all or most patients, but cream preparations were more commonly used (58%) than ointments (40%). Atrophy was rated as a common or very common side‐effect of topical corticosteroid therapy by 23% of general practitioners. Twenty‐six percent reported using oral corticosteroids in children with AD. Dietary changes would be recommended in at least a few AD patients by 79% of general practitioners, and 31% would recommend a change from cow's milk to soy in the absence of a history of dietary triggers. We conclude that general practitioners appeared generally well informed about AD management. However, dermatologists, through targeted education, may be in a position to help general practitioners further improve outcomes for these patients.
Topical diclofenac in hyaluronan gel for the treatment of solar keratoses
Authors: Gebauer Kurt , Brown Pam , Varigos George 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study assessed the efficacy and safety of a topical gel containing 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan in 150 patients with solar keratoses (SK). The active treatment was compared with the vehicle only, hyaluronan gel, as placebo over a 12‐week period. Patients in both groups applied the active treatment or placebo to a targeted area of skin (0.25 g b.d.). At 12 weeks the mean lesion‐count reduction in the targeted area was not significantly different between treatments. However, at post‐termination follow up (16 weeks), there was a highly significant decrease in the number of lesions, 6.2 ± 7.5 standard deviations (SD) (56.1% reduction) in the active treatment group compared with 2.4 ± 4.3 SD (23.6% reduction) in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Other efficacy measures (complete lesion resolution, >50% lesion reduction) were also significantly different (P < 0.01) between treatments at 16 weeks. In conclusion, topical 3% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel was effective and well tolerated in this study, suggesting a role for this therapy in the treatment of SK.
Imaging the skin
Authors: Aspres Nicholas , Egerton Ian B , Lim Adrian C , Shumack Stephen P 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYSince the discovery of X‐rays, the use of imaging technology has continued to play an important role in medicine. Technological advancements have led to the development of various imaging modalities, most of which have been used to image organs deep within the human body. More recently, attention has focused on the application of imaging technology for evaluation of the skin. A variety of techniques are currently being used to examine the skin and these include specialized photography, surface microscopy, ultrasound, laser Doppler perfusion imaging, confocal microscopy, and magnetic resonance imaging. These modalities can provide information that can assist in the management of skin problems. Although many of these techniques are still undergoing research, they are showing promise as useful clinical tools in dermatology.
Predation risk for herbivorous insects on tropical vegetation: A search for enemy‐free space and time
Authors: Novotny V. , Basset Y. , Auga J. , Boen W. , Dal C. , Drozd P. , Kasbal M. , Isua B. , Kutil R. , Manumbor M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSpatial and temporal variability in predation risk for herbivores on 13 rainforest species ofFicus(Moraceae) in Papua New Guinea was studied in order to assess whether predator‐free refuges exist on their foliage and if so, whether herbivorous insects concentrate their activity in such refugia. Predation risk from invertebrate predators was measured as the disappearance rate of live termites set up as baits on the foliage. By far the most important predators were ants, accounting for 77% of attacks. No consistent differences in predation rate betweenFicusspecies were found so that tree identity could not be used as an indicator of enemy‐free space. Predation risk was highly variable among conspecific trees and also changed rapidly in time, over periods as short as 10 days. Such short‐term and unpredictable predator‐free refuges may be difficult for herbivores to find and exploit. Predation risk during the day was three times higher than during the night, but abundance of herbivores on the foliage was also higher during the day. Thus, night was confirmed as a relatively enemy‐free time which, however, was not exploited by herbivores.
Nutrition and health (1948) of Aborigines in settlements in Arnhem Land, northern Australia
Authors: McArthur Margaret , Billington Brian P. , Hodges Kelvin J. 
Published: March 2003

During the American–Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land in 1948, a nutritionist (Margaret McArthur), a medical officer (Brian Billington), a biochemist (Kelvin Hodges) and also the ‘flying dentist’ (John Moody) observed the nutrition and health of Aborigines in the settlements on Groote Eylandt, at Yirrkala and at Oenpelli, Northern Territory. The results of their research were published in the Records of the American–Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land Volume 2 Anthropology and Nutrition. (Melbourne University Press, 1960).Although seasonal and regional variations in food supply were a constant problem for nomadic Aborigines living on ‘bush tucker’ gathered from marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, the variety of food provided a well‐balanced diet according to the international recommendations of 1948.In contrast, improvements in the 1948 diet of Aborigines in the settlements were strongly recommended.1 An increase in the quantity of food given to older children and adolescents.2 Regular distribution of fresh fruit and vegetables throughout the year from settlement gardens.3 Regular supplies of fish, meat and other animal products, particularly for children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating mothers.4 Increased production of milk and greater care in its handling.5 Greater use of whole grain cereals in preference to refined products.
Irpacaenis, a new genus of Caenidae (Ephemeroptera) from Australia
Authors: Suter Phillip J 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new genus, Irpacaenis, is erected to include three new species of Australian caenid mayflies based on nymphal and subimago characteristics. The genus is diagnosed by weakly sclerotised straight forceps which are not grooved but are hooked apically; styliger plate and associated sclerites weakly sclerotised in the subimago; and, in the nymph, the absence of long setae over much of the body, rugose appearance caused by smooth tubercles which cover the body and legs, the presence of a medial projection on tergite 2 which is long and narrow with the length greater than the basal width, and the presence of a row of short sharp spines on the posterior margins of abdominal tergites 1, 2 and 7–10. The distribution of Irpacaenis extends from northern Queensland down the eastern coast of Australia to the Gippsland area of Victoria.
Insecticide‐induced increases in aphid abundance in cotton
Authors: Wilson Lewis J , Bauer Les R , Lally Deirdre A 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHigher numbers of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and lower numbers of aphid predators occurred in cotton sprayed five times with thiodicarb (750 g ai/ha) than in unsprayed cotton. The final abundance of aphids was negatively correlated with the mean abundance of aphid predators, suggesting that the higher number of aphids in cotton sprayed with thiodicarb was caused by the suppression of predators.
Cryptic inhabitants of a noxious weed: Mites (Arachnida: Acari) on Lantana camara L. invading forests in Queensland
Authors: Walter David Evans 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn native forests in Queensland, more than 50 species of mites can be found on the leaves of the invasive weed Lantana camara, including two lantana specialists: the eriophyoid leaf vagrant Rhynacus kraussi and the lantana flower mite Proctolaelaps lobatus. Three exotic pests with broad host ranges are co‐invading native forests on lantana: the privet mite Brevipalpus obovatus; the passionvine mite Brevipalpus phoenicis; and the prickly pear spider mite Tetranychus desertorum. In south‐eastern Queensland, privet mite was present at three‐quarters of the sites sampled, even on isolated plants deep within national parks. A diverse fauna of mostly Australasian endemic natural enemies also colonise lantana; 37 species of predatory mites were identified (including 25 species of Phytoseiidae) and a pathogenic fungus was found attacking prickly pear spider mite in tropical Queensland. Therefore, largely without notice and with unknown consequences, several introduced agricultural pests have invaded native forests on a noxious weed and a host of native natural enemies have responded. The latter could be a severe problem for any mite introduced into Australia to control lantana.
Eucalyptus seedling herbivory by a species of Cadmus Erichson (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)
Authors: Reid Cam 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAn infestation of cryptocephaline larvae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) is recorded in a south‐east Australian forest. The beetle species concerned was probably Cadmus aurantiacus Chapuis. Larvae occurred in huge numbers on the ground (up to 1000 m–2) where they not only ate dead plant material but also girdled and killed eucalypt seedlings. The larvae have the capacity to significantly alter succession sequences in south‐east Australian forests, and may be important where burning and reseeding are used as forest management techniques.
Seasonal flight activity of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) associated with sugarcane in southern Queensland
Authors: Allsopp Pg , Logan Dp 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLight traps were run at six sites for up to 5 years to determine the seasonal flight activity of 14 scarab beetles associated with sugarcane in the Bundaberg, Queensland, district. Four patterns of seasonal activity were detected: brief spring activity by Antitrogus consanguineus and Lepidiota noxia; brief summer activity by Antitrogus parvulus, Lepidiota crinita, Lepidiota frenchi and Lepidiota negatoria; prolonged summer activity by Anoplognathus boisduvalii, Anoplognathus pallidicollis, Anoplognathus porosus, Dasygnathus trituberculatus, Repsimus aeneus and Xylotrupes gideon; and prolonged spring– autumn activity by Metanastes vulgivagus and Neodon pecuarius. The different flight patterns reflect different life cycle strategies to cope with environmental adversity. Females of Antitrogus spp. and L. crinita were rarely caught in traps, while in Anop. boisduvalii, Anop. pallidicollis, Anop. porosus, D. trituberculatus and X. gideon females outnumbered males. Differences between years in numbers of some species with 2‐year life cycles point to large differences in sizes of the two allochronic populations of these species. Differences in species composition between sites reflect differences in soil type.
Sensitivity of pupae of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to combinations of abiotic stresses
Authors: Tabatabai Sharmeen , Chervin Christian , Hamilton Andrew , Hoffmann Ary 
Published: March 2003

AbstractCombinations of non‐chemical postharvest treatments were investigated as alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation for postharvest control of lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker). A combination of a warm controlled atmosphere pulse (1.2 kPa oxygen at 29°C) followed by cold storage (0°C) resulted in high level mortality of pupae (the most resistant stage of the life cycle). Effects of rearing temperature were tested by measuring the stress resistance of pupae originating from two field populations using three levels of stress (low, medium and high), each involving 48 h under controlled atmosphere at 29°C followed by 3, 9 or 27 days at 0°C. No differences in resistance to stress were observed between the two populations at low‐ and medium‐stress levels (60 and 80% mortality, respectively) or high levels (100% mortality), and larval rearing temperature (14, 19 and 25°C) did not influence the subsequent stress resistance of pupae. Finally, the effects of age and weight on resistance to stress were investigated. Younger pupae (2–3 days old) had relatively higher resistance to disinfestation stress, while pupal weight (controlled for age) had no effect. These results suggest that disinfestation by the combined stresses may be effective over a range of environmental conditions and for different populations of E. postvittana.
Predation of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) (Acarina: Ixodidae), in three Australian pastures
Authors: Sutherst Rw , Wilson Lj , Cook Im 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPredation of engorged females of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) in pasture was recorded in central and southern Queensland for different periods during 1969–1973 and again in central Queensland in 1984. Patterns of damage and removal of ticks were consistent with direct observations that indicated that ants and the house mouse (Mus musculus L.) were the only significant predators, so these species were assumed to account for all the observed predation. At Amberley, southern Queensland, ticks sealed in nylon gauze cylinders to protect them from ants suffered less predation than ticks in unsealed cylinders that suffered predation by ants as well as mice. Predation rates were higher in long grass than in medium or short grass, probably because the long grass provided greater protection for predators. Predation rates at Jimboomba in southern Queensland were similar at a hill‐top site and on a flat adjacent to a dam with higher soil moisture and denser cover, but there were major differences between years. In central Queensland, ants were consistent predators while the house mouse was responsible for high levels of predation when in plague numbers for a period of time during the study. Losses of ticks attributed to mice were related to coarse estimates of mouse abundance. In 1984, most affected ticks were attacked within 48 h of placement in the pasture. In central Queensland, mouse predation was higher in winter, while ant predation was more frequent in summer. A simulation model of tick populations indicated that a less than proportional reduction can be expected in numbers of parasitic ticks with increases in the predation rate. Those effects will be more evident in less favourable habitats for the ticks.
Biology and host specificity of Rhinacloa callicrates Herring (Hemiptera: Miridae) and its introduction and establishment as a biological control agent of Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) in Australia
Authors: Donnelly Graham P 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe North American mirid Rhinacloa callicrates Herring was studied for suitability as an agent for the biological control of the woody weed Parkinsonia aculeata L. in Australia. It was tested for host specificity against 77 plant species, as well as for predatory behaviour against two beneficial insects and eggs of two Helicoverpa spp. Rhinacloa callicrates fed and oviposited almost exclusively on P. aculeata and did not prey upon the beneficial insects nor the Helicoverpa eggs. Rhinacloa callicrates was thus considered safe, and was released across northern Australia. Rhinacloa callicrates established in Queensland but has not controlled P. aculeata.