bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable sol‐gel microstructured and microfluidic networks for protein patterning
Authors: Kim Young‐Duk , Park Chan B. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe demonstrate the formation of micropatterned sol‐gel structures containing active proteins by patterning with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. To transport sol solution efficiently into the hydrophobic PDMS microchannels, a hydrophilic–hydrophobic block copolymer was used to impart hydrophilicity to the PDMS microchannels. Poor adhesion of the micropatterned gel structure onto glass slides was improved by treating the glass surface with a polymeric substrate. To minimize cracks in the gel microstructure, hybrid matrices of interpenetrating organic and inorganic networks were prepared containing the reactive organic moieties polyvinylalcohol or polyvinylpyrrolidone. Retention of biochemical activity within the micropatterned gel was demonstrated by performing immunobinding assays with immobilized immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. The potential application of microfluidics technology to immobilized‐enzyme biocatalysis was demonstrated using PDMS‐patterned microchannels filled with trypsin‐containing sol‐gels. This work provides a foundation for the microfabrication of functional protein chips using sol‐gel processes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 73: 331–337, 2001.
High performance liquid chromatography with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of sympathomimetic amines using 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐yl)benzoyl chloride as a label
Authors: Kaddoumi Amal , Kubota Ai , Nakashima Mihoko N. , Takahashi Masakatsu , Nakashima Kenichiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of (±) fenfluramine (Fen) and phentermine (Phen) in addition to three other sympathomimetic amines—ephedrine (E), norephedrine (NE) and 2‐phenylethylamine (2‐PEA), using cyclohexylamine (CX) as an internal standard in plasma. The compounds were derivatized with 4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐yl)benzoyl chloride (DIB‐Cl) to give the DIB‐derivatives. The derivatives were then separated using an isocratic HPLC system with UV detection. The limits of detection for Fen, Phen, E, NE and 2‐PEA in plasma ranged from 0.32 to 22.9 pmol on column at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The recoveries following alkaline extraction from plasma samples of known concentrations were found to be more than 94% for the studied compounds. This method might be useful for the screening of the studied sympathomimetic amines in human plasma samples in forensic as well as toxicological studies. Furthermore, the developed method was modified for the simultaneous determination of Fen and Phen in human and rat plasma using fluoxetine as an internal standard. The methods are reproducible and precise. Finally, the two drugs were administered intraperitonealy to rats in combination, and their plasma levels over the investigated time course were successfully determined. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

CX

cyclohexylamine

DIB‐Cl

4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazole‐2‐yl)benzoyl chloride

E

ephedrine

Fen

fenfluramine

FLX

fluoxetine

NE

norephedrine

NorFen

norfen fluramine

2‐PEA

2‐phenylethylamine

Phen

phentermine.
The influence of blood sample storage time on the propofol concentration in plasma and solid blood elements
Authors: Dawidowicz A. L. , Fijalkowska A. , Nestorowicz A. , Fornal E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to describe the changes of propofol concentration in whole blood and in its components during the blood storage we examined venous blood samples collected from patients anaesthetized either with or without propofol. Blood samples from patients anaesthetized without propofol were spike with propofol 45 min before analysis. Propofol concentration was examined in whole blood, plasma, rinsed formed elements and rinsed and lysed formed blood elements by means of HPLC after 1, 4, 7, 13, 21, 25 and 28 days of storage. There was significant decrease in plasma concentration of propofol during the first few days of sample storage followed by its increase during subsequent days. The opposite phenomenon was observed for formed blood elements. The findings support the hypothesis that propofol distribution between blood components changes in time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abbreviations used:

TMAH

tetramethylammonium hydroxide
People with intellectual disabilities on probation: an initial study
Authors: Mason Jonathan , Murphy Glynis H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe two studies in this paper aim to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities in the probation service in England. Study one screened the abilities of a sample of 70 probationers in one single probation service. Study two compares a sub‐set of these to an equal number of control participants in order to further investigate the characteristics of those with intellectual disability on probation. Nearly 6% of service users appeared to have an intellectual disability, and 11% fell into the bottom 5% of the general population in terms of their intellectual and social functioning. We conclude that a significant minority of those in the probation service have an intellectual disability or similar needs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and angiographic determinants of adverse cardiac events in patients with stent restenosis
Authors: Chen Lung‐Ching , Chen Ying‐Hwa , Lin Shing‐Jong , Chan Wan‐Leong , Hsu Nai‐Wei , Pan Ju‐Pin , Charng Min‐Ji , Wang Shi‐Pu , Ding Philip Yu‐An , Chang Mau‐Song 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPatients with angiographically proven stent restenoses do not necessarily develop adverse cardiac events. Which clinical, procedural, or angiographic parameters relate to the development of adverse cardiac events among these patients has not been determined. This study included 155 patients (167 stented lesions) with angiographically proven restenosis (≥ 50% diameter stenosis) within the stent or at its margins in routine follow‐up angiograms that was obtained at 6.5 ± 3.6 months after successful stenting. Thirty‐six patients (22%) had adverse cardiac events (including unstable angina necessitating target lesion revascularization, acute myocardial infarction, or cardiac death) during follow‐up and 119 patients (78%) were event‐free. These two groups of patients were compared to determine the parameters related to adverse cardiac events. Univariate determinants of adverse events included hypertension (P = 0.023), unstable angina at initial presentation (P = 0.002), target lesion in proximal left anterior descending artery (P = 0.041), TIMI grade 0–2 flow in follow‐up angiograms (p < 0.001), impaired left ventricular function at follow‐up (P = 0.002), follow‐up minimal lumen diameter ≤ 0.6 mm (P = 0.003), follow‐up diameter stenosis > 75% (P = 0.005), late loss > 2 mm (P = 0.01), and loss index > 1.127 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated hypertension (odds ratio, OR, = 3.6; P = 0.019), unstable angina at initial presentation (OR = 2.6; P = 0.007), TIMI grade 0–2 flow at follow‐up (OR = 2.8; P = 0.05), impaired LV function at follow‐up (OR = 4.2; P = 0.004), and loss index > 1.127 (OR = 3.6; P = 0.017) as independent risk factors for adverse cardiac events. Classification and regression tree analysis identified loss index > 1.127 and impaired LV function as the two strongest determinant of adverse cardiac event. Therefore, hypertensive patients whose initial clinical presentation were unstable angina should be managed carefully to optimize the angiographic results and, most importantly, followed up more closely for development of impaired LV function after coronary stenting in order to prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiac event at follow‐up. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:331–337. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcatheter closure of post–myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect with Amplatzer septal occluder
Authors: Mullasari Ajit S. , Umesan Chirammal Valappil , Krishnan Usha , Srinivasan Shardha , Ravikumar Murugesan , Raghuraman Hemalatha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRupture of the interventricular septum is an uncommon but often fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction. Transcatheter closure is an established method of treating selected congenital defects but clinical experience on transcatheter closure of postinfarction ventricular septal defects (VSDs) is minimal. We report a case of successful transcatheter closure of postinfarction VSD using the Amplatzer septal occluder. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:484–487. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paraplegia following percutaneous balloon angioplasty of aortic coarctation: A case report
Authors: Ussia Gian Paolo , Marasini Maurizio , Pongiglione Giacomo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBalloon angioplasty of recurrent coarctation of the aorta is considered a low‐risk procedure with high success rate. In the literature, the major complications are death, rupture of the aorta, recoarctation, aneurysm formation, cerebrovascular accident, and femoral artery thrombosis. Spinal cord ischemia as an unusual complication of balloon angioplasty is reported. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:510–513. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab initio prediction of optical rotation: Comparison of density functional theory and Hartree‐Fock methods for three 2,7,8‐trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes
Authors: Stephens P.J. , Devlin F.J. , Cheeseman J.R. , Frisch M.J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report ab initio calculations of the frequency‐dependent electric dipole‐magnetic dipole polarizabilities, β(ν), at the sodium D line frequency and, thence, of the specific rotations, [α]D, of 2,7,8‐trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 1, and its 1‐methyl derivative, 2, using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Hartree‐Fock/Self‐Consistent Field (HF/SCF) methodologies. Gauge‐invariant (including) atomic orbitals (GIAOs) are used to ensure origin‐independent [α]D values. Using large basis sets which include diffuse functions DFT [α]D values are in good agreement with experimental values (175.8° and 139.2° for (1S,5R)‐1 and ‐2, respectively); errors are in the range 25–35°. HF/SCF [α]D values, in contrast, are much less accurate; errors are in the range 75–95°. The use of small basis sets which do not include diffuse functions substantially lowers the accuracy of predicted [α]D values, as does the use of the static limit approximation: β(ν) ≈ β(o). The use of magnetic‐field‐independent atomic orbitals, FIAOs, instead of GIAOs, leads to origin‐dependent, and therefore nonphysical, [α]D values. We also report DFT calculations of [α]D for the 1‐phenyl derivative of 1, 3. DFT calculations find two stable conformations, differing in the orientation of the phenyl group, of very similar energy, and separated by low barriers. Values of [α]D predicted using two different algorithms for averaging over phenyl group orientations are in good agreement with experiment. In principle, the absolute configuration (AC) of a chiral molecule can be assigned by comparison of the optical rotation predicted ab initio to the experimental value. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of the choice of ab initio methodology in obtaining reliable optical rotations and, hence, ACs, and show that, at the present time, DFT constitutes the method of choice. Chirality 14:288–296, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of absolute configuration using vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy: The chiral sulfoxide 1‐thiochromanone S‐oxide
Authors: Devlin F.J. , Stephens P.J. , Scafato P. , Superchi S. , Rosini C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe reexamined the absolute configuration (AC) of the chiral sulfoxide 1‐thiochromanone S‐oxide (1) using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy. The VCD spectrum of 1 was analyzed using density functional theory (DFT). DFT predicts two stable conformations of 1, separated by <1 kcal/mole. Their VCD spectra were calculated using the DFT/GIAO methodology. The VCD spectrum predicted for the equilibrium mixture of the two conformations of (S)‐1 is in excellent agreement with the experimental spectrum of (+)‐1. The AC of 1 is therefore definitively R(−)/S(+). Chirality 14:400–406, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intestinal absorption and metabolism of chlorpheniramine enantiomers in rat
Authors: Hiep Bui Tung , Fernandez Christine , Tod Michel , Banide Hélène , Thuillier Alain , Lacour Bernard , Farinotti Robert , Gimenez François 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChlorpheniramine (CPAM) is a chiral antihistaminic drug commercialized as a racemic mixture. The intestinal absorption and metabolism of CPAM have been investigated in rat using in vivo (oral and IV administration), in situ (intestinal loop model), and in vitro (everted sac model) experiments. Oral and IV administrations of 20 mg/kg of the racemic mixture show that the pharmacokinetics of CPAM are stereoselective, with higher AUCs for the (+)‐S‐enantiomer compared to its antipode. The monodesmethyl metabolite (DCPM) was quantifiable in blood and its pharmacokinetics are stereoselective after oral but not after IV administration. Experiments using intestinal loops and everted sacs showed that the absorption is not stereoselective and that in vivo stereoselective formation of DCPM is presumably due to stereoselective hepatic metabolism. Moreover, the in vitro and in situ absorption of CPAM are not modified by modulators of P‐glycoprotein and cytochromes P450 (cyclosporin A, ketoconazole). Chirality 13:207–213, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Echogenicity of liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma is an independent prognostic factor in patients treated with regional chemotherapy
Authors: Gruenberger Thomas , Zhao Jing , King Julie , Chung TengTeng , Clingan Phil R. , Morris David L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDEchogenicity of liver metastases was found to be a predictive biologic factor influencing long‐term outcome after curative liver resection. The current analysis focuses on the influence of echogenicity on survival in patients treated with intraarterial chemotherapy for unresectable colorectal carcinoma liver metastases.METHODSA retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data at the Department of Surgery at the University of New South Wales‐affiliated St. George Hospital was performed. Two hundred twelve consecutive patients with unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma treated between May 1992 and September 2000 were analyzed. Echogenicity of metastases was measured intraoperatively using a 5 MHz probe. Overall survival difference was compared between hyper‐ and hypoechoic metastases on an intention‐to‐treat basis.RESULTSAt a median followup of 15.1 months, 47 patients (22%) were alive and 165 (78%) had died. A significant survival benefit was observed in patients having hyperechoic lesions (median survival 16.2 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.9–18.5) compared to hypoechoic lesions (median survival 11.6 months, 95% CI 8–15.2), P < 0.01. Other prognostic factors were differentiation of the primary tumor (P < 0.02), percentage hepatic replacement (P < 0.05) and carcinoembryonic antigen decrease (P < 0.03). Echogenicity was identified as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (P < 0.009).CONCLUSIONSEchogenicity is an important prognostic survival parameter. Cancer 2002;94:1753–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10386
Compartmentation of the rabbit cerebellar cortex
Authors: Sanchez Miguel , Sillitoe Roy V. , Attwell Philip J.E. , Ivarsson Magnus , Rahman Shbana , Yeo Christopher H. , Hawkes Richard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cytoarchitecture of the adult rabbit cerebellum is revealed by using zebrin II/aldolase c immunocytochemistry in both wholemount and sectioned material. Zebrin II is expressed by approximately half of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. In most regions these form a symmetrical array of zebrin II‐positive and ‐negative parasagittal bands. Four transverse expression domains are identified in the vermis: (1) an anterior zone, comprising four narrow bands, one at the midline and three laterally to either side, extending throughout the anterior lobe to the primary fissure; (2) a central zone with broad immunoreactive bands separated by narrow zebrin II‐negative bands that disappear caudally to leave no apparent compartmentation; (3) a posterior zone with prominent alternating zebrin II‐positive and ‐negative bands; and (4) a nodular zone in which all Purkinje cells express zebrin II. In the hemispheres a striped topography is found in lobules HVI, HVII, and crus I, and all Purkinje cells are zebrin II+ in the flocculus and paraflocculus. Because of its importance for the classical conditioning of the eyeblink response, we made a detailed analysis of lobule HVI of the hemisphere. The immunocytochemical data show a complex substructure within HVI with three prominent zebrin II‐positive bands (probably homologous with P4a+, P4b+, and P5+ of rodents) separated by two zebrin II‐negative regions (P4− and P4b−). Thus, the organization of the rabbit cerebellum is consistent with the patterns described previously for rat, mouse, and opossum and suggests that there may be a common ground plan for the mammalian cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:159–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metallothionein 1+2 protect the CNS during neuroglial degeneration induced by 6‐aminonicotinamide
Authors: Penkowa Milena , Giralt Mercedes , Camats Jordi , Hidalgo Juan 
Published: August 2002

Abstract6‐Aminonicotinamide (6‐AN) is a niacin antagonist, which leads to degeneration of gray matter astrocytes. Metallothionein 1+2 (MT‐1+2) are neuroprotective factors in the central nervous system (CNS), and to determine the roles for MT after 6‐AN, we have examined transgenic mice overexpressing MT‐1 (TgMTI* mice) after an i.p. injection with 6‐AN. In control mice injected with 6‐AN, astrocytes in specific gray matter areas of the brainstem showed degeneration. Reactive astrocytes surrounded the degenerated areas, which were heavily infiltrated by macrophages and T lymphocytes. MT‐1+2 expression was significantly decreased in the damaged brainstem areas, but it increased in reactive astrocytes surrounding these areas and also in infiltrating macrophages. The levels of oxidative stress, as determined by immunoreactivity for inducible nitric‐oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrotyrosine (NITT), and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase [TdT]‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate [dUTP]‐digoxigenin nick end labeling–positive (TUNEL+), caspase‐3+ apoptotic cells were significantly increased in the brainstem of normal mice after 6‐AN. In the TgMTI* mice, the 6‐AN–induced tissue damage was decreased in comparison to control mice, and they showed significantly reduced numbers of recruited macrophages and T lymphocytes, and a drastic reduction of oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. In addition, the accompanying reactive astrogliosis was increased in the transgenic mice. To further study the potential protective role of MT, we administered intraperitoneally Zn‐MT‐2 to 6‐AN–injected normal mice and found essentially the same results as those obtained in TgMTI* mice. Thus, we hereby report that endogenous MT‐1 overexpression and exogenous MT‐2 treatment have significant neuroprotective roles during CNS pathological conditions. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:174–189, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some further properties of the superconvergent flux projection
Authors: Carey Graham F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSome properties of the integral superconvergent flux (post‐processing) projection formula are investigated: (1) A Green–Gauss formula together with the partition of unity property of the finite element basis imply global and local conservation properties and a local flux or stress recovery strategy; (2) The equivalence to a Lagrange multiplier mixed formulation is used to interpret the associated consistency requirement on the flux expansion via an inf–sup or LBB condition and (3) The resulting conditions on the flux basis are examined and the presence of oscillatory modes demonstrated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Francis Glisson's color specification system of 1677
Authors: Kuehni Rolf G. , Stanziola Ralph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhat is perhaps the first color specification system, developed in 1677 by the eminent English physician Francis Glisson, is described. Two of the scales for which Glisson provided quantitative data Glisson have been reconstructed: the gray scale in virtual form and the red scale in real form. Reflectance calculations or measurements and calculations of CIELAB L*a*b* values indicate that the two scales have a significant degree of uniformity despite the simple method used by Glisson to construct them. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 15–19, 2002
Obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms and subjective severity, probability, and coping ability estimations of future negative events
Authors: Woods Carol M. , Frost Randy O. , Steketee Gail 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes two studies in which 18 participants with OCD (Study 1) and 73 students (Study 2) rated the subjective probability and severity of future negative events, as well as their anticipated coping ability. The negative events were idiographic in that participants wrote and rated events that were particularly salient to them personally. In both samples, results indicated that, as OC symptoms increased, severity estimation increased and coping ability decreased. However, probability estimation increased with OC symptoms in the student sample, but not in the OCD sample. Results also suggested that OC symptoms may relate to the product of probability and severity, divided by coping ability. Regression results indicated that higher probability estimation for students, and worse predicted coping ability for OCD patients, was the most predictive of OC symptoms. Findings are discussed in the context of cognitive theory of OCD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new coefficient estimation method for autoregressive systems using cumulants
Authors: Al‐Smadi Adnan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAutoregressive (AR) system identification with only output measurements is a well‐known problem in various science and engineering areas such as spectral estimation and speech processing. This paper addresses the problem of estimating the coefficients of an AR model from third‐order cumulants of the noisy observations of the system output. The system is driven by a zero‐mean independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) non‐Gaussian sequence. The input sequence is not observed. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the performance of the new approach and compare it with a recently developed technique. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.