bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damaging properties of ground motions and prediction of maximum response of structures based on momentary energy response
Authors: Hori Norio , Inoue Norio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDynamic damaging potential of ground motions must be evaluated by the response behaviour of structures, and it is necessary to indicate what properties of ground motions are most appropriate for evaluation. For that purpose, the behaviour of energy input process and hysteretic energy dissipation are investigated in this study. It is found that the momentary input energy that is an index for the intensity of input energy is related to the characteristics of earthquakes such as cyclic or impulsive, and to the response displacement of structures immediately.On the basis of these results, a procedure is proposed to predict inelastic response displacement of structures by corresponding earthquake input energy to structural dissipated damping and hysteretic energy. In this procedure the earthquake response of structures is recognized as an input and dissipation process of energy, and therefore structural properties and damaging properties of ground motions can be taken into account more generally.Lastly, the studies of the pseudodynamic loading test of reinforced concrete structure specimens subjected to ground motions with different time duration are shown. The purpose of this test is to estimate the damaging properties of ground motions and the accuracy of the proposed prediction procedure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical prediction of the earthquake response of classical columns using the distinct element method
Authors: Papantonopoulos C. , Psycharis I. N. , Papastamatiou D. Y. , Lemos J. V. , Mouzakis H. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the distinct element method is used in order to predict the earthquake response of a multi‐drum marble model of a classical column. The results are compared with experimental data for an ‘identical’ specimen under the same excitation. Both the numerical analysis and the experiments were conducted in three dimensions. The results show that the distinct element method can capture quite well the main features of the response, in spite of the sensitivity of the response to even small perturbations of the characteristics of the structure or the excitation. Attention, however, should be given to the appropriate values of the joint properties to be used. In any case, it seems that the method can be used with confidence in the restoration process of ancient monuments, in order to estimate the response to expected earthquake motions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐morbid psychiatric morbidity, comorbidity and personality in patients with anorexia nervosa compared to their healthy sisters
Authors: Karwautz Andreas , Rabe‐Hesketh Sophia , Collier David A. , Treasure Janet L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) has been linked with pre‐morbid disorders, comorbidity, and specific personality traits in between‐family case–control studies. However, these findings have not been replicated in within‐family studies, and it is not known whether these factors are linked specifically with AN or are shared familial factors. We aimed to compare pre‐morbid disorders, comorbidity, and specific personality traits between sister‐pairs discordant for AN. Forty‐five families with two sisters discordant for AN were retrospectively assessed by interview and questionnaires. The proband with AN had mood disorders and personality disorders (PDs) more frequently than their sister and had lower scores of novelty seeking, self‐directedness and cooperativeness, and higher scores of harm avoidance, persistence, self‐transcendence and of all EDI‐2 scales. In conclusion, major depression, cluster C PDs, persistence, harm avoidance, and self‐transcendence appear to be specifically linked to AN and to be individual‐specific in nature. Major depression seems to be a risk factor for AN. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Weathering rates of buried machine‐polished rock disks, Kärkevagge, Swedish Lapland
Authors: Thorn Colin E. , Darmody Robert G. , Dixon John C. , Schlyter Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSome 48 dolomite, 37 granite, and 19 limestone machine‐polished disks were buried at soil horizon boundaries in 16 soil pits to maximum depths of 0·5–0·6 m within Kärkevagge, a presently periglacial, glaciated trough in Arctic Sweden. The objective of the ongoing study is to determine near‐surface ‘potential’ weathering rates beneath birch forest, Dryas heath, heath, meadow, solifluction meadow, and willow vegetation cover types. Selected disks were excavated after 1 year, and all disks were excavated after 4 or 5 years.The limestone disks weathered fastest, followed closely by the dolomite disks, but the granite disks weathered at much slower rates. Mean annual percentage mass loss over 4 or 5 years was 0·473 ± 0·145% (two standard errors) for dolomite disks, 0·032 ± 0·005% (two standard errors) for granite disks, and 1·104 ± 0·446% (two standard errors) for limestone disks. For dolomite disks the Dryas heath and heath environments weathered the most slowly, a trend that was generally followed by the granite disks. Poor drainage (i.e. increasing wetness) and decreasing pH were found to promote dolomite weathering rates in a statistically significant manner. Surficial and subsurface weathering rates at individual sites were generally found to be correlated for dolomite, but not granite. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Egyptian Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. brevirostris: chemical compositions of the fruit volatile oil and antioxidant activity
Authors: El‐Ghorab Ahmed H. , Fadel Hoda M. , El‐Massry Khaled F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fruit volatile oil of E. camaldulensis var. brevirostris was isolated by hydrodistillation and thereafter the fruit marc was extracted by ethanol. The volatile oil obtained was subjected to analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Thirty‐eight volatile components were identified. The main volatile compounds in the fruit volatile oil were: aromadendrene (17.99%), α‐pinene (12.68%), p‐cymenene (5.39%), α‐gurjunene (6.65%), cubenol (9.23%), thymol (1.62%) and p‐cymen‐7‐ol (0.73%). The volatile components were classified into four groups: monoterpenes (20.6%), sesquiterpenes (33.8%), light‐oxygenated (8.1%) and heavily‐oxygenated (37.6%) compounds. The results showed that the concentration of sesquiterpenes and heavily‐oxygenated compounds were higher than the other two classes. The main compound in the ethanol extract of fruit of E. camaldulensis was isolated by semi‐preparative HPLC and identified as ellagic acid. The antioxidant activities of the fruits volatile oil and the ethanol extract as well as that of the tree bark were evaluated by the thiocyanate method. The ethanol extract of Eucalyptus fruit exhibited considerable activity compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tertiary butylated hydroquinone (TBHQ). The high inhibitory effect of the ethanol extract of fruit upon linoleic acid after 12 days might be related to the higher ellagic acid content. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of cineole as a grease solvent
Authors: Soh Melissa , Stachowiak Gwidon W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEconomic and environmental incentives exist to search for future applications for cineole, a major component of eucalyptus oil. New markets for cineole (such as the industrial degreasing solvent market) will have economic benefits for Western Australia, while commercial eucalyptus tree plantations have environmental benefits in addressing the state's soil salinity problem and combating the greenhouse effect. In this study, the potential applications of cineole as an industrial degreasing solvent are examined. Cineole's degreasing performance on a number of greases is compared to commonly used petroleum‐based solvents. The question to be answered was: how clean from the tribological viewpoint is the surface after the solvent treatment? The friction tests used in the experiments show that cineole has the potential to replace certain petroleum‐based solvents currently used as industrial degreasers. Cineole performs comparably to these solvents for two of the greases tested (Mobilgrease HP and Mobilith SHC 220), but performs poorer for Ampol multipurpose grease (red). This is mainly due to the different additive packages used in this grease. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical and experimental study of batch sedimentation and viscous resuspension
Authors: Rao Rekha , Mondy Lisa , Sun Amy , Altobelli Steve 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA suspension of non‐neutrally buoyant, large, nearly monodisperse spheres is studied both in batch sedimentation and in shear between concentric rotating cylinders. We apply a continuum constitutive equation based on the diffusive flux model augmented with buoyancy terms derived by Acrivos and coworkers and discretize the resulting equation set with the finite element method. We simulate batch sedimentation using this method and obtain a reasonable match with experiment. Next used two‐dimensional NMR imaging to measure the evolution of solid fraction profiles in the same suspension undergoing flow between rotating concentric cylinders with two different initial conditions. Here, both gravity‐induced and shear‐induced particle migration are significant. Under these conditions, we have found that simulating the correct initial condition is critical to matching the experimental results. When this is done, the model results compare well with the experiments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Velocity field after wave breaking
Authors: Watanabe Yasunori , Saeki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe velocity field in breaking water waves is considered in this paper. A numerical simulation describes in detail the transition from a primary overturning and consequent rebounding jets into a bore front, where the vorticity in the coherent large‐scale eddy structures devolves into turbulence. Spatial changes in the frequency spectra of the kinetic energy and the enstrophy are associated with the production, transport and dissipation of the Reynolds stress and the various wave and turbulent mixing length scales. Mean velocity fields and the wave and kinetic energy in a surf zone are evaluated. Fourier and wavelet spectral analysis is applied to study both the surface elevation and energy changes, and the distinction that must be made between spilling and plunging breakers is clarified in this paper. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A finite element method for the two‐dimensional extended Boussinesq equations
Authors: Walkley Mark , Berzins Martin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new numerical method for Nwogu's (ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 1993; 119:618)two‐dimensional extended Boussinesq equations is presented using a linear triangular finite element spatial discretization coupled with a sophisticated adaptive time integration package. The authors have previously presented a finite element method for the one‐dimensional form of these equations (M. Walkley and M. Berzins (International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 1999; 29(2):143)) and this paper describes the extension of these ideas to the two‐dimensional equations and the application of the method to complex geometries using unstructured triangular grids. Computational results are presented for two standard test problems and a realistic harbour model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropic mesh adaptation: towards user‐independent, mesh‐independent and solver‐independent CFD. Part III. Unstructured meshes
Authors: Dompierre Julien , Vallet Marie‐Gabrielle , Bourgault Yves , Fortin Michel , Habashi Wagdi G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present paper is the third article in a three‐part series on anisotropic mesh adaptation and its application to two‐ and three‐dimensional, structured and unstructured meshes. This third paper concerns the application of the full adaptation methodology to 2‐D unstructured meshes, including all four mesh modification strategies presented in Part I, i.e. refinement/coarsening, edge swapping and node movement. The mesh adaptation procedure is validated through a careful monitoring of a single adaptation step and of the solution–adaptation loop. Independence from the initial mesh and from the flow solver is illustrated. The efficiency of the overall methodology is investigated on relevant laminar and turbulent flow benchmarks. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the valuation of warrants
Authors: Handley John C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article addresses a misconception in the literature concerning the valuation of warrants when a warrant is
treated as an option on the stock of the underlying firm. The magnitude and timing of the impact of a warrant
issue on the underlying stock price and on the wealth of the firm's shareholders is examined within a
continuous‐time arbitrage‐free economy. In particular, it is shown that the stock price of the
underlying firm conditionally reflects dilution at all times following the announcement of a warrant issue and
notwithstanding that the warrants might not even have been issued yet. Valuing a warrant or convertible security
as an option on the post‐announcement underlying stock price means there is no need for any
explicit adjustment for dilution to be made to the chosen option pricing model. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 22:765–782, 2002
Breakpoint position on 17q identifies the most aggressive neuroblastoma tumors
Authors: Łastowska Maria , Cotterill Simon , Bown Nick , Cullinane Catherine , Variend Sadick , Lunec John , Strachan Tom , Pearson Andrew D.J. , Jackson Michael S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractGain of chromosome arm 17q is a powerful prognostic factor in neuroblastoma, and the distribution of 17q breakpoints suggests that the dosage of one or more genes in 17q22–23 to 17qter is critical for tumor progression. To identify the smallest region of 17q gain, we used eight probes to map translocation breakpoints in 48 primary neuroblastoma tumors. We identified at least five different breakpoints, all localized within the proximal part of 17q (from D17Z1 to MPO). The shortest region of gain identified by these probes extends from MPO (17q23.1) to 17qter. Surprisingly, we found that breakpoints localized proximal to ERBB2 (17q12) were associated with significantly better patient survival than breakpoints localized distal to ERBB2. Breakpoints localized distal to ERBB2 identified patients with a particularly poor prognosis, higher mitotic karyorrhectic index, and stage 4 disease. This implies that breakpoint position on 17q is a discriminative factor within this prognostically poor group of patients. This result also suggests that the biological effect of 17q gain during neuroblastoma progression has a complex basis. We propose that this involves dosage alterations of genes localized on both sides of the 17q breakpoints, with a gene or genes mapping between 17cen and 17q12 acting to suppress progression, and a gene or genes mapping between 17q23.1 and 17qter acting to promote tumor progression. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemizygous deletions in the HLA region account for loss of heterozygosity in the majority of diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas of the testis and the central nervous system
Authors: Jordanova Ekaterina S. , Riemersma Sietske A. , Philippo Katja , Giphart‐Gassler Micheline , Schuuring Ed , Kluin Philip M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLoss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a major mechanism for inactivation of tumor‐suppressor genes and has been observed in various solid tumors and lymphomas. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region is located at chromosome band 6p21.3, and loss or alteration of this region may provide tumor cells with a mechanism to escape from the immune system. We previously identified small homozygous deletions within the HLA class II region in many of the diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLCLs) of the central nervous system (CNS) and the testis. In the present study, we focused on the mechanism leading to LOH in the HLA region. Twenty microsatellite markers, of which 12 were specific for HLA, were applied on 11 extranodal DLCLs of the CNS and 28 of the testis. Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization with seven HLA‐specific probes and a centromere 6–specific probe was performed on 20 cases to study the mechanism of LOH. In contrast to previously published data on spontaneously mutated lymphoblastoid cell lines, intrachromosomal hemizygous deletion, not mitotic recombination, was the major cause of LOH of the HLA region in these lymphomas. However, opposed to data in colorectal cancer, these deletions were rarely (one of nine cases) associated with an interchromosomal rearrangement such as a translocation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symbolic discriminant analysis of microarray data in autoimmune disease
Authors: Moore Jason H. , Parker Joel S. , Olsen Nancy J. , Aune Thomas M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNew laboratory technologies such as DNA microarrays have made it possible to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously in a particular cell or tissue. The challenge for genetic epidemiologists will be to develop statistical and computational methods that are able to identify subsets of gene expression variables that classify and predict clinical endpoints. Linear discriminant analysis is a popular multivariate statistical approach for classification of observations into groups. This is because the theory is well described and the method is easy to implement and interpret. However, an important limitation is that linear discriminant functions need to be prespecified. To address this limitation and the limitation of linearity, we have developed symbolic discriminant analysis (SDA) for the automatic selection of gene expression variables and discriminant functions that can take any form. In the present study, we demonstrate that SDA is capable of identifying combinations of gene expression variables that are able to classify and predict autoimmune diseases. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:57–69, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences of depressive symptoms in depressed and nondepressed elderly persons
Authors: Kockler M. , Heun R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesWomen suffer more frequently from major depression and depressive symptoms than men. The somatic and the atypical subtype of depression seem to be more prevalent in women. However, few studies investigated gender differences of depressive symptoms in the elderly. These gender differences in the elderly will be investigated in the present study.MethodsIn the course of a family study 236 subjects with a lifetime diagnosis of major depression aged > 50 years and 357 control subjects from the general population matched for age and gender were questioned using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Chi‐square tests were used to compare the individual depressive symptoms between men and women and logistic regression analyses were performed to account for the subjects' age, cognitive performance, family and employment status.ResultsWomen in the general population suffered from more depressive symptoms than men and had more appetite disturbance and joylessness. These gender differences could be entirely explained by gender differences in the family and the employment status. Men and women with a major depressive disorder presented with a distinct profile of symptoms that could not be explained by psychosocial factors: elderly depressed women presented with more appetite disturbances and elderly depressed men with more agitation.ConclusionMajor depression in the elderly presents with partially different symptoms in men and women. The results suggest that the gender differences in the symptoms of major depression in the elderly reflect gender differences in the perception and the expression of depressive syndromes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive and motor impairments predict functional declines in patients with vascular dementia
Authors: Boyle Patricia A. , Cohen Ronald A. , Paul Robert , Moser David , Gordon Norman 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundVascular dementia (VaD) is associated with impairments in cognitive, motor, and functional domains. Patients with VaD display diverse cognitive and motor deficits, however, and relationships between these impairments and independent living abilities remain unclear.ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the contributions made by attentional/executive and motor functions in the prediction of basic and instrumental activities of daily living in 32 patients with VaD. We hypothesized that: (a) motor abilities would emerge as a significant predictor of basic activities of daily living, whereas attentional/executive abilities would not, and (b) both motor and attentional/executive abilities would emerge as significant predictors of instrumental activities of daily living.ResultsStepwise regression analyses revealed that motor performance, but not attentional/executive abilities, accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in basic activities of daily living, and that both motor and attentional/executive abilities contributed significantly to the prediction of instrumental activities of daily living.ConclusionsThese results suggest that attentional/executive and motor impairments may underlie specific aspects of functional disability among patients with VaD. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐neurological factors are implicated in impairments in gait and mobility among patients in a clinical dementia referral population
Authors: Thomas Vince Salazar , Vandenberg Edward V. , Potter Jane F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAlthough gait abnormalities have been previously noted in dementia, their non‐neurological correlates have not been examined. We used data on 900 consecutive outpatients assessed from 1994 to 1999 in the University of Nebraska Geriatric Assessment Clinic Data Base (UN‐GAC) to examine the prevalence of gait disorders and the relationship of gait disorders to physical illness in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non‐AD dementia. Gait disorders were very prevalent at each level of cognitive function [58.7% for CDR = 0, 68.0% for CDR = 0.5, 57.9% for CDR = 1, 68.1% for CDR = 2 and 76.9% for CDR = 3, p = 0.02] and were more frequently observed in AD patients with poorer cognitive function. Among all demented patients, 45.0% of those without gait impairment were ADL independent compared to 11.8% of those with gait impairment. In adjusted logistic regression models, the presence of a gait disorder among AD patients was significantly associated with older age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) = 1.04–1.15), special sensory (2.19, 1.17–4.12), and lower GI (3.57, 1.97–6.47) dysfunction. The prevalence of gait disorders is high in even mildly demented persons and associated with common and often treatable organ system dysfunction. Because gait disorders are also associated with a high prevalence of ambulatory disability, attention to co morbid illnesses implicated in gait impairment may reduce the burden of disability in this population. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.