bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Artificial Intelligence Into Athletic Training Education: Developing Case-Based Scenarios Using ChatGPT
Authors: Schneider Kyle , Tomchuk David , Snyder Ben , Bisch Tarrah , Koch Gina 
Published: January 2024

ContextChatGPT is an AI-based large language model platform capable of mimicking human language patterns by responding to user queries. Although concerns over AI-generated content exist in health care and higher education, the ChatGPT platform can assist athletic training educators in creating academic content to alleviate aspects of their academic workload and responsibilities.ObjectiveTo provide a brief historical overview of ChatGPT, accepted positives and negatives, and examples of how athletic training educators can use ChatGPT for case-based scenario contention creation.BackgroundThe initial development of ChatGPT began in 2018, with its public launch in November 2022. ChatGPT uses machine and in-context learning to replicate human language expression. Since its public launch, students, researchers, educators, clinicians, governments, and companies have sought to determine how to incorporate ChatGPT into their workflow operations.Data SynthesisAthletic training educators can incorporate ChatGPT into their academic content creation methodology. With the capability of ChatGPT, athletic training educators have the potential to facilitate athletic training student learning more efficiently.ResultsChatGPT can ease the academic workload of athletic training educators while being a beneficial clinical tool that athletic training students may use in their future workplace settings.Recommendation(s)Athletic training educators should consider using ChatGPT or a similar AI-based large language model platform when developing education content and simulation scenarios.ConclusionsChatGPT can lessen athletic training educator workload and potentially facilitate athletic training student learning.
A paradigm shift from calcium hydroxide to bioceramics in direct pulp capping: A narrative review
Authors: Al–Saudi Khaled Wagih 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
For many years, calcium hydroxide (CH) was the preferred material for direct pulp capping (DPC), occupying an elevated position. The collapse of this paradigm is due to the emergence of bioceramics with less pulpal inflammation and superior mineralization abilities than CH. The goal of the current article was directed to: (1) review the history of DPC “the idea of an exposed pulp as a hopeless organ has given way to one of healing and optimism,” (2) classify the bioceramics in dentistry, and (3) explain and compare the mechanism by which dentin barriers for CH and bioceramics are formed. A comprehensive literature search of the database was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus utilizing the following terms: Biodentine, calcium hydroxide, calcium aluminate, calcium phosphate, calcium silicate, direct pulp capping, NeoMTA Plus, Quick-Set2, and TotalFill. Reference mining of the selected publications was utilized to discover other studies and strengthen the results. Only works written in English were taken into consideration, and there were no restrictions on the year of publication. Bioceramic materials might be used as an intriguing substitute for CH. Compared to CH, they induced more positive pulpal reactions.
In vitro comparative evaluation of antioxidative effect of selenium alone and in combination with green tea and alpha-tocopherol on the shear bond strength of universal composite resin to enamel after in-office bleaching
Authors: Halkai Rahul S. , Halkai Kiran R. , Aneesha Y. Ayshathul , Naaz Sameena 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Antioxidant application soon after bleaching process increases the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to enamel.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of selenium alone and in combination with alpha-tocopherol (αT) and green tea (GT) on SBS of composite resin to enamel following in-office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP).

Methods:
Sixty extracted human single -rooted premolar teeth were cleaned and embedded in acrylic resin blocks at the level of cementoenamel junction(CEJ) followed by bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and arbitrarily divided into seven groups (n=10) for antioxidant application: Group I (negative control): intact teeth, Group II (positive control): only bleaching, Group III: 10% selenium (Se), Group IV: 10% alpha tocopherol (αT), Group V: 10% αT +10% Se, Group VI: 10% Green tea (GT), Group VII: 10%GT+10% Se. In all groups, self-etch adhesive was applied and composite restoration was done, and specimens were stored in distilled water for 24h followed by SBS evaluation.

Statistical Analysis:
One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used (P < 0.05).

Results:
The highest SBS was found in negative control Group I (intact teeth) and least in positive control Group II (bleached teeth), whereas in experimental groups, Group VII (GT + Se) showed highest followed by Groups V (αT + Se), III (Se), and VI (GT) and least in Group IV (αT).

Conclusion:
Combination of selenium with green tea and alpha tocopherol enhanced the SBS of composite resin following in-office bleaching.
Assessment of the impact of XP-Endo Finisher file on push-out bond strength of various endodontic sealers
Authors: Mohite Pramod , Gupta Divya , Gupta Ruchika , Kamat Sharad , Shaw Amar Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
An endodontic treatment is considered a success after thorough chemomechanical debridement coupled with obturating root canals in a concrete way thereby providing hermetic seal. Gutta-percha being nonadherent necessitates use of a sealer to achieve hermetic seal. Adequate adhesion of root canal sealer with gutta-percha core and radicular dentin ensures lack of apical leakage.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty extracted mandibular premolars with single root canal decoronated at cementoenamel junction were selected and randomly allocated to two groups (n = 30). Samples in Group 1 were prepared with BT Race file, while Group 2 samples were prepared with BT Race alongwith XP Endo file. Absorbent paper points were used for canal drying and samples were randomly divided into six subgroups. In Subgroup I, obturation was done with bio-ceramic (BC) sealer (Endosequence BC) and BC gutta-percha. In Subgroup II, resin-based (AH plus) sealer and gutta-percha were used. In Subgroup III, calcium hydroxide-based (Sealapex) sealer and gutta-percha were used. Sectioning of root samples was done perpendicularly into coronal, middle, and apical segments of 3 mm each. A universal testing machine was used for sample testing, in which push-out bond strength corresponded to the highest value obtained. Stereomicroscopic (×20) study of the samples determined the failure mode at dentin/sealer/main cone interface.

Statistical Analysis:
Analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s tests were used for data analysis.

Results:
Endosequence BC with XP-Endo files showed the highest mean push-out bond strength (16.31 MPa), whereas Sealapex without XP-Endo file had the lowest values (12.76 MPa). Mixed failure of adhesive and cohesive mode was observed for most samples.

Conclusion:
Adjunctive irrigation agitation technique utilizing XP-Endo Finisher facilitates biofilm eradication from difficult niches in root canals, thereby improving adhesion of sealer and subsequently the sealer bond strength.
Effect of prewarming and continuous warming on tissue dissolving ability of Triton™ versus Twin Kleen™: An in vitro study
Authors: Deepa Velagala Lakshmi , Vanga Himasai Reddy , Kadali Naveena , Divve Sravyasai , Sravya Vemana , Kapa Roopa Sravya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context:
TwinKleen™ and Triton™ are newer all-in-one irrigants that have simultaneous action on both organic and inorganic contents. Studies comparing their tissue dissolving ability (TDA) either at room temperature (RT) or on prewarming (PW) and continuous warming (CW) are not yet reported.

Aims:
To evaluate and compare the effect of 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Twin Kleen™, and Triton™, on the bovine TDA.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and twenty tissue specimens (size 4 mm × 4 mm × 2 mm and weight 37 ± 3 mg) were divided into Group 1, normal saline (negative control); Group 2, 3% NaOCl (positive control); Group 3, Twin Kleen™; and Group 4, Triton™ (n = 30) Each group is further divided into three subgroups with ten samples each as sub group a – at room temperature (RT), sub group b – on pre warming (PW) and sub group c– on continuous warming (CW), Tissue specimens were immersed in test tubes with 5 ml of respective irrigants replenished thrice every 15 min. The percentage difference in tissue weights was calculated after 5, 10, and 15 min.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Multiple intergroup comparisons were done using Tukey’s multiple-comparison test, using SPSS software version 23.0.

Results:
Both Triton™ and 3% NaOCl showed significantly higher dissolution than normal saline and Twin Kleen™ on CW followed by PW than at RT. Twin Kleen™ showed significantly less dissolution at all the tested temperatures.

Conclusions:
Heating enhances the TDA of Triton™ and 3% NaOCl but not Twin Kleen™. CW showed significantly higher dissolution than PW.
Analysis of cyclic fatigue resistance of different endodontic nickel–titanium rotary instruments: An in vitro study
Authors: Langaliya Akshayraj , Patel Neeta , Pallipurath Athulya , Parmar Girish , Kothari Anjali , Jhala Kairavi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Aims:
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of three different endodontic nickel–titanium rotary instruments using a dynamic testing device.

Materials and Methods:
Ten files each of ProTaper Gold (PG), Hyflex Electro-discharge Machining (HEDM), and TruNatomy (TN) were tested in a custom-fabricated dynamic cyclic fatigue testing device at 60° curvature having a radius of curvature of 5 mm. The number of cycles to the fracture (NCF) of each instrument was calculated and three continuous groups were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison.

Results:
Cyclic fatigue resistance of HEDM was the highest, followed by TN. PG had the lowest among the three.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of the present in vitro results, it can be concluded that HEDM files appeared to be suitable for shaping complex canals with the greater number of cycles before it fractures.
Analysis of the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of irrigants and use of activation systems: An in vitro study
Authors: Awati Aishwarya Sanjay , Dhaded Neha S. , Mokal Siddhesh , Doddwad Preeti Kore 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 18% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP), with diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI): an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single canal were selected. They were disinfected in 0.1% thymol solution, cleaned of calculus and soft tissues, and stored in 0.1% thymol solution till use. All teeth were radiographed and selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The teeth were decoronated using a diamond disk under copious water spray to acquire a standardized root length of 14 mm. Working length was established by inserting a size 10-K file into each root canal until it is visible at the apical foramen and by subtracting 1 mm from the recorded length. Instrumentation of the root canal was done till master apical file size of F3 using ProTaper universal, rotary instruments. The canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 3% sodium hypochlorite between successive files. Teeth were randomly divided into four subgroups n = 12 according to the intervention. Passive ultrasonic irrigation and diode laser were used to activate the irrigants. Final irrigation was performed with distilled water. These specimens were examined using confocal laser scanning microscope (OLYMPUS FLUOVIEW FV 3000) for dentinal tubule penetration of the sealer. Two-way ANOVA test and Tukey’s multiple post hoc test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Highly significant difference was seen between the groups with EDTA and HEDP, with HEDP demonstrating the highest penetration. Among the activation techniques used in this study, PUI showed the highest penetration of the sealer. The least penetration was seen with diode laser activation and EDTA.

Conclusions:
The irrigation activation techniques significantly influence the penetration of sealer into root dentinal tubules. When penetration of sealer with different irrigation techniques and irrigants was evaluated, significant greater level of sealer penetration was attained with PUI activation of HEDP.
Comparative evaluation of stress distribution against the root canal wall at three different levels using novel NiTi rotary files – A finite element analysis
Authors: Singh Rimjhim , Dubey Sandeep , Singh Palak , Samant Praveen Singh , Saha Suparna Ganguly 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Recent innovations in the physical and mechanical features of endodontic file systems have diminished the prospect of stress generation and fracture risk in novel endodontic files.

Aim:
The purpose of this research was to comparatively evaluate the stress distribution of recently introduced endodontic rotary files with distinct features and metallurgy at three different levels of the root canal wall by finite element analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Forty endodontic files were used in this experiment after being inspected through a scanning electron microscope for any surface deformities. Based on their metallurgy and design, the scanned files were divided into four groups, each with 10 samples: Group A-2Shape files, Group B-F360, Group C-One Curve, and Group D-TruNatomy. To assess the mechanical behavior of these files, the stress produced by computer-aided models of these instruments on the dentinal wall of a simulated root canal was numerically analyzed using ANSYS® 15 Workbench finite element software.

Results:
A one-way ANOVA was used to assess all the raw data with post hoc Tukey analysis, the Shapiro–Wilk test, and Levene’s test. F360 files exerted the maximum stress on the dentinal wall, while TruNatomy files exerted the least stress at all the distinct levels of dentinal walls.

Conclusions:
There was no statistically significant variation in the stress generated between the four groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that improvements in rotary file design and metallurgy have the potential to reduce the stress during canal shaping and the risk of instrument breakage during clinical use.
International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology for the evaluation of endometrial color flow and vascular pattern in women with abnormal uterine bleeding – a reproducibility study among ob-gyn ultrasound subspecialists in a tertiary training hospital
Authors: Yu Nina Rojana Lim , Panlilio-Vitriolo Regina Rosario 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
The International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) group developed a catalog of standardized terms to describe findings that may be associated with uterine pathology. However, there is a lack of reliability studies for these descriptors in the literature.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to estimate interobserver and intraobserver reliability with regard to the IETA group descriptors for endometrial vascular characteristics in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Five nonexpert and five expert raters assessed stored still images of transvaginal ultrasound examinations obtained from 68 women with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial thickening. Endometrial vascularity was evaluated using the IETA group descriptors for color flow and vascular pattern. Interobserver agreement was estimated by comparing the assessments of the nonexpert and expert raters. Intraobserver agreement was estimated by repeating the raters’ assessment after 4 weeks. Interrater agreement to the subjective assessment of an expert investigator was also computed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
The reproducibility of assigning IETA color score is good regardless of the degree of expertise of the rater, although the experts displayed better interobserver reliability (κ = 0.74 vs. 0.57) and intraobserver reliability (κ = 0.84 vs. 0.63). However, the reproducibility of describing IETA vascular patterns is significantly worse for both expert and nonexpert raters in both interobserver reliability (experts κ = 0.49 vs. 0.34) and intraobserver reliability (experts κ = 0.65 vs. 0.42). Both expert and nonexpert raters exhibited acceptable agreement with the reference standard, with experts performing better for both color score (κ = 0.79 vs. 0.70) and vascular pattern (κ = 0.63 vs. 0.44).
Risk determination of COVID-19 among unvaccinated nonpregnant women in Metro Manila, Philippines: A multicenter longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Llamas-Clark Erlidia Flores , Heralde Francisco M. , Lumandas Mayan U. , Villanueva-Uy Maria Esterlita T. , Chavez-Coloma Leilani C. , Valencia Eleyneth I. , Anzures Cynthia U. , Andal Maria Lu D. , Martin Carolina Paula C. , De Guzman Vanessa D. , Capitulo Ryan B. , Dominguez Arlene R. , Recio Abygail L. , Feliciano Jeremiah Francisco , Rosell-Ubial Paulyn Jean Buenaflor , Baja Emmanuel S. , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay Samadan 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
While the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the general population is well studied, less attention has been given to preexisting socioeconomic, lifestyle, and obstetric-gynecologic factors affecting baseline risks for unvaccinated nonpregnant women in early pandemic days in the Philippines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This prospective multicenter cohort study assessed COVID-19 status and used a validated questionnaire to identify potential disease risks. Generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution were employed to examine the relationship between determinants and COVID-19 status, adjusting for confounding factors.

RESULTS:
Risk factors include Manila residency, Muslim faith, smoking history, at least one familial comorbidity, and local government hospital admission. Conversely, postgraduate education and contraceptive use seem protective.

CONCLUSION:
Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors may be linked to COVID-19 infection in unvaccinated nonpregnant women. Further exploration of sociocultural pressures on women during the pandemic is warranted.
Assessment of oral health knowledge, attitude, and practices among school teachers training visually impaired children
Authors: Goel Achla , Gupta Nidhi , Gambhir Natasha , Singh Rashi , Mittal Neeti , Singh Divya 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Visual impairment is a significant disability that affects a sizable section of the population worldwide. Children with sensory deficiencies are more likely to experience oral health neglect and challenges to receiving proper dental treatment. There is a major lack of information about the state of oral health and the treatments that are needed for this population in a growing nation like India. It is crucial to raise schoolchildren’s awareness of oral health issues. The dissemination of information on the causes and prevention of common oral disorders can be greatly aided by school instructors. A school-based program is most successful because it targets kids as they develop good health behaviors.

Objective:
The objectives were to determine the knowledge of school teachers training visually impaired children about the causes and prevention of dental caries and gingival diseases and to know about their interest and willingness to participate in oral health education programs.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire consisting of 12 close-ended questions on oral health knowledge and practices was formulated and distributed among 100 school teachers in a blind school in Noida, India. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel.

Results:
The school had limited knowledge on oral health. Out of the total number of teachers interviewed, only 50% were aware of what does gum bleeding means and only 40% were aware that the health of the mouth and dentition impact the health of the body.

Conclusion:
Overall, school teachers have inadequate oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. It is imperative to improve school teachers’ attitudes and understanding about oral health, including their awareness of different oral cavity issues and strategies for preventing dental disorders.
Endocrine changes during pregnancy (a clinical updated review for a time-bound prospective study)
Authors: Varghese Jinu , Khajuria Atul 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
This article aims to provide an overview of endocrine changes during different trimesters of pregnancy. During this period, the woman’s body undergoes various physiological changes, primarily in the endocrine system, which regulates functions of the body through hormones. These adaptations are important for a healthy pregnancy, supporting fetal development, growth, and lactation.
Docubox Dragon
Authors: Khajuria Atul , Jude Srishti 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Strokes are the sequence, in which writing strokes are placed on the paper. To analyze whether documents such as wills, letters, contracts, and bank books are genuine or not. The present study of Docubox Dragon was used for observation and examination of the exemplar by handling and operator convenience to fulfill the increasing demands for a quick and efficient investigation of travel documents, banknotes, and security printed matter, not only in the field but also in the laboratory. The sequences of strokes in the exemplars were primarily observed using stereomicroscope and the forged exemplars were further examined using Docubox Dragon. It was observed that stereomicroscope was used for preliminary examination whereas through Docubox Dragon detailed and evident results were obtained using various light sources and filters.
Actinomycosis in the external auditory canal
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Actinomycosis is a rare infection caused by Actinomyces, which form club-shaped filaments arranged in a radiating pattern. The clinical manifestations are often nonspecific, so it makes a challenging situation for clinicians to get an accurate diagnosis. The histopathological study is usually helpful to confirm the diagnosis of actinomycosis. The patient often required clinical follow-up for complete healing of the lesion. Actinomycosis of the external auditory canal is extremely rare. There are only a few cases of actinomycosis diagnosed in the middle ear in the English literature, but there was no external auditory canal actinomycosis found. In this case report, we show an external auditory canal actinomycosis and discuss the treatment of this lesion.