bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Isolable Phosphinogermylyne as a Synthon of One‐Coordinate GeI Radical
Authors: Wang Dongmin , Chen Haonan , He Yuhao , Chen Xiaodan , Zhang Li , Tan Gengwen 
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive SummaryReduction of chlorogermylene MsFluindtBu‐GeCl 1 with potassium graphite (KC8) afforded putative germylyne radical MsFluindtBu‐Ge 2 as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. However, it slowly decayed via C—H bond activation at the fluorenyl moiety to yield a bis(germylene) 3 at room temperature. By using a Lewis base to stabilize the unoccupied p orbital at the GeI radical center, acyclic two‐coordinate GeI radicals MsFluindtBu‐Ge(IMe4) 4 (IMe4 = 1,3,4,5‐tetramethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), MsFluindtBu‐Ge(IiPr) 5 (IiPr = 1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethyl‐imidazolin‐2‐ylidene), MsFluindtBu‐Ge(PMe3) 6 were isolated in crystalline forms. The unpaired electron in 4—6 mainly resides at the Ge 4p orbital as revealed by EPR spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, facile ligand exchange of PMe3 in 6 with IMe4 and IiPr was observed to afford 4 and 5, respectively. Moreover, phosphinogermylyne 6 reacted with PhEEPh (E = S, Se), 4‐tetrabutylphenylacetylene (Ar'CCH), [CpMo(CO)3]2 and nBu3SnH to furnish germylenes MsFluindtBu‐GeEPh (E = S 7, Se 8), MsFluindtBu‐GeCH=CHAr’ 9, a germylyne complex MsFluindtBu‐Ge≡Mo(CO)2Cp 10 and a Ge(IV) compound MsFluindtBu‐GeH2SnnBu3 11, respectively. The reactivity studies demonstrate that 6 can act as a synthon of one‐coordinate germylyne radical attributing to labile coordination of trimethylphosphine.
A secure multi‐authority attribute based encryption approach for robust smart grids
Authors: Saidi Ahmed , Amira Abdelouahab , Nouali Omar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents EMBASS, an Enhanced Multi‐Authority Attribute‐Based Encryption System for Smart Grids. EMBASS supports outsourced decryption to devices with limited resources. It also uses a proxy to add fake values to the access policy in order to protect against malicious users. Additionally, a proxy user assistant is utilized to create an intermediate key for each fog node in the decryption process, and a chain decryption technique is used to further delegate the decryption process. The security properties and performance of the proposed system are analyzed, discussed and compared to state of the art approaches. EMBASS has been discussed for usage with smart grids, and experimentation shows that it yields promising results compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
An improved fractional‐order state estimation algorithm based on an unscented particle filter for state of charge estimation of lithium‐ion batteries with adaptive estimations of unknown parameters
Authors: Jiao Zhiyuan , Gao Zhe , Chai Haoyu , Song Dandan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryAn adaptive fractional‐order unscented particle filter (FOUPF) and an adaptive FOUPF with the estimations of the noise covariance matrices (NCMs) are proposed to estimate the state of charge (SOC) of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in this study. The Grünwald–Letnikov difference is employed to establish the corresponding discrete‐time equation of the fractional‐order system (FOS). The order and SOC of FOS of LIBs are controlled within an appropriate interval by a mapping function. In order to achieve a joint estimation of order and unknown parameters for a FOS, an augmented vector method is applied in this study. Compared with the adaptive fractional‐order unscented Kalman filter and adaptive fractional‐order cubature Kalman filter, the proposed adaptive FOUPF has a higher accuracy for estimating SOC. Besides, an iterative approach that accommodates the NCMs is proposed to improve the estimation accuracy of SOC. Finally, the availability of the proposed algorithms is tested by several experiments.
An improved 0.8Voc model‐based global maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic system
Authors: Nadeem Ahsan , Ahmed Sher Hadeed , Faisal Murtaza Ali , Ahmed Nisar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a low‐cost and high‐speed partial shading condition (PSC) detection scheme and global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) technique are presented. The proposed technique detects the PSC using a low‐cost voltage sensor without setting any threshold parameter. The proposed GMPPT algorithm utilizes the 0.8 model along with the load‐line observation to skip the unwanted interval of – curve. Moreover, in case of dynamic shading, a smart scanning mechanism is used along with the load‐line observation to reduce the voltage iterations which leads to an improvement in tracking speed. The proposed technique is implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment and compared with the conventional 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method. The results indicate the following advantages of the proposed algorithm: (1) iteration free and accurate detection of PSC and uniform irradiance condition, (2) enhancement in average tracking time by 67.44% and 69.48%, and (3) improvement in average transient efficiency by 17.36% and 21.25% compared with 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method. Besides, the experimental results depict that the proposed method enhances the average tracking time by 68.6% and 72.69% and improves the average transient efficiency by 17.62% and 15.06% compared with 0.8 method and accurate PSC detection method, respectively.
Cross‐diffusion effects on the onset of double‐diffusive convection in a rotating vertical heterogeneous porous cylinder with vertical throughflow
Authors: Ali Samah A. , Sibanda Precious , Noreldin Osman A. I. , Rudziva Munyaradzi , Mthethwa Hloniphile Sithole 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe effects of vertical throughflow, rotation, cross‐diffusion, and vertical heterogeneous permeability on the onset of double‐diffusive convection in a finite vertical porous cylinder have been studied. The fluid in the cylinder is warmed and salted from below with its top and lower walls considered to be isothermal, isosolutal, and permeable. In the model, the Brinkman model was adopted, coupled with the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation. The normal mode technique is used for linear stability analysis and a single‐term Galerkin method is used to solve the eigenvalue problem. Further, the influence of parameters such as the thermal and solute Rayleigh, Taylor, and the Soret and Dufour numbers on the fluid system instability have been investigated. Among other results, we found that vertical heterogeneity may either stabilize or destabilize a fluid system. The stabilization of the throughflow remains consistent irrespective of the orientation in the absence of a cross‐diffusion effect. The dual effect of throughflow is observed when there are cross‐diffusion effect. We found that increasing the Dufour parameter delays the onset of both stationary and oscillatory convection. The positive Soret number has a stabilizing effect on stationary convection and a destabilizing effect on the oscillatory convection case.
Interval between balloon removal and oxytocin administration in cervical ripening with double‐balloon in singleton pregnancies: An observational study
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Javier , Ruiz‐Boluda Inmaculada , Juan‐Pérez Almudena , Pérez‐Buendía Judit , Motos‐Garrido Mónica , Blanco‐Carnero José Eliseo , Nieto‐Díaz Aníbal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the influence of the resting interval after removal of a double‐balloon for cervical ripening and oxytocin administration on the time to onset of active labor in singleton pregnancies.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women who required a cervical ripening with double‐balloon was conducted between January 2019 and December 2022. We collected data for cervical ripening balloon insertion and removal, oxytocin administration, suspicious or pathological cardiotocographic trace, mode of delivery, maternal and neonatal complications, neonatal outcomes. Proportional hazards model comparing resting interval between double‐balloon cervical ripening removal and oxytocin administration.ResultsA total of 403 singleton pregnancies were recruited and 213 pregnant women experienced a rest of 12 h between cervical balloon removal and oxytocin administration (resting group). Oxytocin was administered immediately after balloon removal in 190 women (non‐resting group). Median insertion‐to‐active labor interval and insertion‐to‐delivery interval were significantly shorter in the non‐resting group: 18.5 versus 24.0 h, HR 2.59 (CI 95%: 1.97–3.41) and 24.0 versus 29.0 h, HR 2.38 (CI 95%: 1.85–3.05) respectively. Bishop score change and mode of delivery between were similar in both groups. No differences in maternal nor neonatal complications between both groups were found.ConclusionsOxytocin administration immediately after removal of a double‐balloon for cervical ripening compared with 12 h delayed interval resulted in a shortened time from insertion to active labor onset and to delivery interval without increasing maternal or neonatal adverse outcomes.
Insularity and its impact on stingless bee honey properties: A case study in the Zanzibar Archipelago (Tanzania)
Authors: Noiset Pierre , Ndunda Robert M. , Mokaya Hosea O. , Chege Mary , Ndungu Nelly N. , Sharifu Nassor , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Nkoba Kiatoko 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIslands are known to host unique flowering plant assemblages visited by insular insects, including by social bees, a phenomenon thought to potentially impact the honey composition and associated medicinal applications. In this study, we characterized several physical–chemical parameters of honey produced by the stingless bee Meliponula (Axestotrigona) ferruginea with samples collected both from continental (Kenya) and insular (Tanzania) ecosystems.ResultsOur results show that stingless bees in islands produce a honey whose composition significantly differs from those produced in the continent, with a significantly higher concentration of bioactive phytochemicals.ConclusionOur results illustrate how insularity might drive different and unique compositional profiles in honeys and provide evidence that certain groups of compounds found in stingless bee honey from the Afrotropical region have potential therapeutic benefits with medicinal applications that largely remain to be explored.
Essential Tremor and Essential Tremor Plus Are Essentially Similar Electrophysiologically
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Anandapadmanabhan Reghu , Vishnoi Aayushi , Latorre Anna , Thirugnanasambandam Nivethida , Dipani Alish , Biswas Deblina , Radhakrishnan Divya M. , Srivastava Achal , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe merits of classifying the heterogeneous group of essential tremors into essential tremor (ET) and essential tremor plus (ETP) are debated.ObjectivesWe studied the electrophysiological and spiral characteristics of tremor in ET and ETP.MethodsWe reviewed standardized videos from a tremor database and clinically classified patients into ET, ETP, or dystonic tremor (DT). The following variables were derived from combined tri‐axial accelerometry–surface electromyography (EMG)—peak frequency, total power, peak power, full width half maximum, tremor stability index and EMG‐coherence. We analyzed hand‐drawn spirals to derive mean deviation, tremor variability, inter‐, and intra‐loop widths. We compared these variables among the groups.ResultsWe recruited 72 participants (81.9% male) with mean age 47.7 ± 16.1 years and Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale total score 31.1 ± 14.1. Patients with ET were younger (P = 0.014) and had less severe tremor (P = 0.020) compared to ETP and DT. In ETP group, 48.6% had subtle dystonia. Peak frequency was greater in ETP (7.3 ± 0.3 Hz) compared to DT (6.1 ± 0.4 Hz;P = 0.024). Peak power was greater in ETP and DT for postural tremor. Rest tremor was recordable on accelerometry in 26.7% of ET. Other variables were similar among the groups.ConclusionElectrophysiological evaluation revealed postural tremor of frequency 6 to 7 Hz in ET, ETP, and DT with subtle differences more severe tremor in ETP and DT, and higher frequency in ETP compared to DT. Our findings suggest a similar tremor oscillator in these conditions, supporting the view that these entities are part of a spectrum of tremor disorders, rather than distinct etiological entities.
Machine learning‐based peptide‐spectrum match rescoring opens up the immunopeptidome
Authors: Adams Charlotte , Laukens Kris , Bittremieux Wout , Boonen Kurt 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImmunopeptidomics is a key technology in the discovery of targets for immunotherapy and vaccine development. However, identifying immunopeptides remains challenging due to their non‐tryptic nature, which results in distinct spectral characteristics. Moreover, the absence of strict digestion rules leads to extensive search spaces, further amplified by the incorporation of somatic mutations, pathogen genomes, unannotated open reading frames, and post‐translational modifications. This inflation in search space leads to an increase in random high‐scoring matches, resulting in fewer identifications at a given false discovery rate. Peptide‐spectrum match rescoring has emerged as a machine learning‐based solution to address challenges in mass spectrometry‐based immunopeptidomics data analysis. It involves post‐processing unfiltered spectrum annotations to better distinguish between correct and incorrect peptide‐spectrum matches. Recently, features based on predicted peptidoform properties, including fragment ion intensities, retention time, and collisional cross section, have been used to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of immunopeptide identification. In this review, we describe the diverse bioinformatics pipelines that are currently available for peptide‐spectrum match rescoring and discuss how they can be used for the analysis of immunopeptidomics data. Finally, we provide insights into current and future machine learning solutions to boost immunopeptide identification.
An approach for live imaging of first cleavage in mouse embryos using fluorescent chemical probes for DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments
Authors: Okabe Motonari , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Ono Yuki , Goto Mayumi , Iwasawa Takuya , Sakaguchi Taichi , Fujishima Akiko , Onodera Yohei , Makino Kenichi , Miura Hiroshi , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Takahashi Kazumasa , Terada Yukihiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeDynamic morphological changes in the chromosome and cytoskeleton occur in mammals and humans during early embryonic development, and abnormalities such as embryonic chromosomal aneuploidy occur when development does not proceed normally. Visualization of the intracellular organelles and cytoskeleton allows elucidation of the development of early mammalian embryos. The behavior of the DNA and cytoskeleton in early mammalian embryos has conventionally been observed by injecting target molecule mRNAs, incorporating a fluorescent substance‐expressing gene, into embryos. In this study, we visualized the chronological behavior of male and female chromosome condensation in mouse embryos, beginning in the two‐pronuclear zygote, through the first division to the two‐cell stage, using fluorescent chemical probes to visualize the behavior of DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments.MethodMouse two‐pronuclear stage embryo were immersed in medium containing fluorescent chemical probes to visualize DNA, microtubules, and microfilaments. Observation was performed with a confocal microscope.ResultsThis method allowed us to observe how chromosome segregation errors in first somatic cell divisions in mouse embryos and enabled dynamic analysis of a phenomenon called lagging chromosomes.ConclusionsBy applying this method, we can observe any stage of embryonic development, which may provide new insights into embryonic development in other mammals.
Plexcitonic Nanorattles as Highly Efficient SERS‐Encoded Tags
Authors: Estévez‐Varela Carla , Núñez‐Sánchez Sara , Piñeiro‐Varela Paula , de Aberasturi Dorleta Jiménez , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPlexcitonic nanoparticles exhibit strong light‐matter interactions, mediated by localized surface plasmon resonances, and thereby promise potential applications in fields such as photonics, solar cells, and sensing, among others. Herein, these light‐matter interactions are investigated by UV‐visible and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopies, supported by finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations. Our results reveal the importance of combining plasmonic nanomaterials and J‐aggregates with near‐zero‐refractive index. As plexcitonic nanostructures nanorattles are employed, based on J‐aggregates of the cyanine dye 5,5,6,6‐tetrachloro‐1,1‐diethyl‐3,3‐bis(4‐sulfobutyl)benzimidazolocarbocyanine (TDBC) and plasmonic silver‐coated gold nanorods, confined within mesoporous silica shells, which facilitate the adsorption of the J‐aggregates onto the metallic nanorod surface, while providing high colloidal stability. Electromagnetic simulations show that the electromagnetic field is strongly confined inside the J‐aggregate layer, at wavelengths near the upper plexcitonic mode, but it is damped toward the J‐aggregate/water interface at the lower plexcitonic mode. This behavior is ascribed to the sharp variation of dielectric properties of the J‐aggregate shell close to the plasmon resonance, which leads to a high opposite refractive index contrast between water and the TDBC shell, at the upper and the lower plexcitonic modes. This behavior is responsible for the high SERS efficiency of the plexcitonic nanorattles under both 633 nm and 532 nm laser illumination. SERS analysis showed a detection sensitivity down to the single‐nanoparticle level and, therefore, an exceptionally high average SERS intensity per particle. These findings may open new opportunities for ultrasensitive biosensing and bioimaging, as superbright and highly stable optical labels based on the strong coupling effect.
Dual‐Confinement Effect of Nanocages@Nanotubes Suppresses Polysulfide Shuttle Effect for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yue Bin , Wang Lili , Zhang Ningyuan , Xie Yunrui , Yu Wensheng , Ma Qianli , Wang Jinxian , Liu Guixia , Dong Xiangting 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) severely hinders the development and commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries, and the design of high‐conductive carbon fiber‐host material has become a key solution to suppress the shuttle effect. In this work, a unique Co/CoN‐carbon nanocages@TiO2‐carbon nanotubes structure (NC@TiO2‐CNTs) is constructed using an electrospinning and nitriding process. Lithium–sulfur batteries using NC@TiO2‐CNTs as cathode host materials exhibit high sulfur utilization (1527 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C) and can still maintain a discharge capacity of 663 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5 C, and the capacity loss is only 0.056% per cycle during 500 cycles at 1 C. It is worth noting that even under extreme conditions (sulfur‐loading = 90%, surface‐loading = 5.0 mg cm−2(S), and E/S = 6.63 µL mg−1), the lithium–sulfur batteries can still provide a reversible capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Throughdensity functional theory calculations, it has been found that the Co/CoN heterostructures can adsorb and catalyze LiPSs conversion effectively. Simultaneously, the TiO2 can adsorb LiPSs and transfer Li+ selectively, achieving dual confinement for the shuttle effect of LiPSs (nanocages and nanotubes). The new findings provide a new performance enhancement strategy for the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Probing the Mechanical Properties of 2D Materials via Atomic‐Force‐Microscopy‐Based Modulated Nanoindentation
Authors: Khan Ryan M. , Rejhon Martin , Li Yanxiao , Parashar Nitika , Riedo Elisa , Wixom Ryan R. , DelRio Frank W. , Dingreville Rémi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAs the field of low‐dimensional materials (1D or 2D) grows and more complex and intriguing structures are continuing to be found, there is an emerging need for techniques to characterize the nanoscale mechanical properties of all kinds of 1D/2D materials, in particular in their most practical state: sitting on an underlying substrate. While traditional nanoindentation techniques cannot accurately determine the transverse Young's modulus at the necessary scale without large indentations depths and effects to and from the substrate, herein an atomic‐force‐microscopy‐based modulated nanomechanical measurement technique with Angstrom‐level resolution (MoNI/ÅI) is presented. This technique enables non‐destructive measurements of the out‐of‐plane elasticity of ultra‐thin materials with resolution sufficient to eliminate any contributions from the substrate. This method is used to elucidate the multi‐layer stiffness dependence of graphene deposited via chemical vapor deposition and discover a peak transverse modulus in two‐layer graphene. While MoNI/ÅI has been used toward great findings in the recent past, here all aspects of the implementation of the technique as well as the unique challenges in performing measurements at such small resolutions are encompassed.
Numerical study for MHD peristaltic flow of nanofluid with variable viscosity in the porous channel
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Nisar Zahid , EI‐Sherbeeny Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent developments in biomedicine have raised the usage of silver (Ag) nanomaterials in enhancing the ability of drug delivery procedures. Magnetic fields are externally applied to guide the drugs towards a specific target. Peristalsis of nanofluid with variable viscosity is studied here. A porous media with varying porosity and permeability becomes saturated with the nanofluid. Temperature dependent viscosity and Maxwell's thermal conductivity models are adopted. Thermal and velocity slip constraints are considered in the study. Low Reynold number and long wavelength predictions are used to simplify governing equations. Simplified non‐dimensional equations are numerically tackled. NDSolve is built in shooting technique that are used in the Mathematica software. Effects of pertinent variables on pressure gradient, velocity, temperature and heat transport process are studied. Addition of silver nanoparticles enhances the heat transport characteristics. The axial velocity is reduced in the existence of an inclined magnetic aspects. Pressure gradient at the wall are increases by increasing the concentration of nanomaterial and magnetic field strength.