bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberating theMunicipio Libre: The Normalization of Municipal Finance in Yucatan
Authors: Turner Brian 
Published: February 2004

This article investigates the reform of municipal funding in Yucatán in the 1990s. At the beginning of this period, the state government had considerable discretion in municipal funding. By 2000, municipal funding practices were considerably constrained by federal law. The article explores whether, and how, political considerations entered into the distribution of these funds at the end of the Zedillo sexenio, despite reforms. After analyzing the data regarding municipal finance, the article concludes that while normalization made municipal finance somewhat less capricious, funding was still a political and partisan process in the state.En este artículo se investiga la reforma del financiamiento municipal en Yucatán en los años noventa. Al principio de este período, el gobierno del estado tenía una injerción considerable en el manejo del financiamiento municipal. Antes de 2000, las prácticas del financiamiento municipal estaban sujetas considerablemente por ley federal. El artículo explora tanto si las consideraciones políticas fueron incorporadas en la distribución de estos fondos al final del sexenio de Zedillo, ello a pesar de las reformas, así como la manera en que tal hecho se llevó a cabo. Después de analizar los datos con respecto a las finanzas municipales, se concluye que mientras que la normalización hizo el financiamiento municipal algo menos caprichoso, el financiamiento seguía siendo un proceso político y partisano en el estado.
The Symbolic Battleground: The Culture of Modernization in 1940s León, Guanajuato
Authors: Newcomer Daniel 
Published: February 2004

The idea of modernization influenced a reconciliation between advocates of the revolutionary state and its conservative opponents in 1940s León, Guanajuato. Proponents of the Revolution demonstrated the transforming power of the state by advocating projects that expressed modernity. PRM supporters instituted an extensive program of construction that stripped the city of its local orientation, religious iconography, and of its status as the symbolic capital of Catholic Mexico. The eventual endorsement of the modernization ideal by conservatives allowed an ideological, economic, political, and cultural reconciliation between themselves and the PRM that contributed to the longevity of the postrevolutionary government.En León Guanajuato, la modernización jugó un importante papel en la reconciliación entre los defensores del estado revolucionario y los de la oposición conservadora. Los partidarios de la Revolución sustentaron la capacidad transformativa del Estado mediante proyectos de infraestructura que dejaban claro la modernidad revolucionaria. Adherentes del PRM pusieron en marcha una série de obras públicas que transformaron una ciudad, que otrora, había fungido como el centro del catolicismo mexicano. Igualmente, estos proyectos obfuscaron la iconografía religosa de la ciudad y cambiaron su orientación regional. Al apoyar y sancionar la obra modernizadora de la Revolución hicierion posible una reconciliación ideológica, económica, política, y cultural entre las facciones opuestas, hecho que conllevo a la longevidad del régimen posrevolucionario.
La casada imperfecta: A Woman, A Print, and the Inquisition
Authors: Donahue-Wallace Kelly 
Published: February 2004

The article considers the 1767 Mexican Inquisition investigation of Manuela de Candia, who commissioned a seemingly seditious engraving of Saint Josaphat bearing an inscription critical of the recent Jesuit expulsion from Spain and its territories. The article examines Candia's actions as art patron and the inquisitorial response within the discourse of gender that informed colonial culture. The paper reaches the conclusion that she turned to the print in order to exceed the "enclosures" that were supposed to confine Mexican women as recommended in the widely read manual of female behavior, Fray Luis de León's,La perfecta casada (Madrid, 1583).
El artículo presenta un proceso inquisitorial de 1767 contra Manuela de Candia, una novohispana responsable por un grabado sedicioso de San Josafat con una inscripción referente a la reciente expulsión de los Jesuitas de España y sus territorios. Examina las acciones de Candia como patrona de artistas y la respuesta de la Inquisición dentro del discurso de género en la cultura virreinal. La autora concluye que Candia usó al grabado para sobrepasar las "clausuras" que contenían a las novohispanas según las recomendaciones del popular manual de feminidad, La perfecta casada de Fray Luis de León (Madrid, 1583).
Tlatelolco 1968: Paz and Poniatowska on Law and Violence
Authors: Sorensen Diana 
Published: February 2004

Examination of two texts generated by the student massacre at the Plaza de Tlatelolco in 1968: Postdata by Octavio Paz, and La noche de Tlatelolco by Elena Poniatowska. Paz's totalizing vision interprets the events as providing answers to the questions about the nation posed in El laberinto de la soledad, and he insists on the need to rewrite Mexico's history under the aegis of a new genealogy. Poniatowska's book, instead, is ruled by fragmentation and plurality, to convey the often dissonant voices of civil society. The analysis scrutinizes literary form as it is made to represent relations between violence, justice and aesthetics.Examen de dos textos generados por la masacre estudiantil de la Plaza de Tlatelolco en 1968: Postdata de Octavio Paz y La noche de Tlatelolco de Elena Ponioatowska. La visión totalizadora de Paz interpreta el evento como proveedor de respuestas a las cuestiones planteadas acerca de la nación en El laberinto de la soledad, e insiste en la necesidad de reescribir la historia de México bajo el eje de una nueva genealogía. El libro de Poniatowska, en cambio, se rige por la fragmentación y la pluralidad, para transmitir las frecuentes voces disonantes de la sociedad civil. El análisis examina los modos en que la forma literaria representa relaciones entre la violencia, la justicia y la estética.
The Revolution is Dead.¡Viva la revolución!: The Place of the Mexican Revolution in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Gawronski Vincent T. 
Published: February 2004

Mexicans have long cherished their revolutionary heritage, but where does the Mexican Revolution now reside in collective memory, and does the idea of the Revolution still have any legitimating power? And what has been the relationship between the PRI's long sequence of legitimacy crises and the Mexican Revolution? Until procedural democracy provides significant substantive and psychological benefits, the recent democratic turn will not fully supplant Mexico's traditional sources of legitimacy.While Mexicans generally see the regime as falling short in achieving the basic goals of the Mexican Revolution, there are indications that the Revolution—understood as collective memory, myth, history, and national identity—still holds a place in political discourse and rhetoric, even if such understandings make little logical sense in the era of globalization.Los mexicanos han tenido un largo cariño por su herencia revolucionaria, pero ¿dónde reside ahora la Revolución mexicana en la memoria colectiva?, ¿todavía tiene poder legitimador la idea de la Revolución? ¿Y cuál ha sido el vínculo entre la secuencia larga de las crisis de legitimidad del PRI y la Revolución Mexicana? Hasta que la democracia procesal proporcione ventajas substantivas y psicológicas significativas, la vuelta reciente a la democracia no suplantará completamente las fuentes tradicionales de la legitimidad en México. Mientras que los mexicanos generalmente entienden que el régimen ha fallado en la realización de las metas básicas de la Revolución mexicana, hay indicaciones que la Revolución—entendida como memoria colectiva, mito, historia e identidad nacional—todavía tiene lugar en el discurso y retórica políticos, incluso si tales conocimientos tienen poco sentido lógico en la época de la globalización.
Emiliano Zapata: Textbook Hero
Authors: Gilbert Dennis 
Published: February 2004

Emiliano Zapata (1879–1919) died defeated and, in many quarters, despised. This article traces his resurrection and subsequent career as a textbook hero. It examines portrayals of Zapata in officially sanctioned primary school textbooks from the early 1920s to the 2001–2002 school year. These textbook accounts are considered in a dual context: the external political context in which the books are created and the internal narrative context of Mexican history as presented by official historians.Emiliano Zapata (1879–1919) murió derrotado y, en algunas partes, odiado. Este artículo traza su resurrección como héroe de libros de texto. En el artículo se examinan las representaciones de Zapata en los libros de texto de escuelas primarias oficialmente supervisados por el gobierno desde los inicios de la década de 1920 hasta el año académico 2001–2002. Los relatos allí presentados son considerados en un contexto doble: el contexto político externo y el contexto interno de la narración de la historia de México que se presenta a través de los historiadores oficiales.
An Exploration in the Veiling of Power: The Politics of Development in Rural West Mexico
Authors: McDonald James H. 
Published: February 2004

This article explores the politics of a dairy development project in West Mexico. The project was a response to foreign competition that resulted from the opening of the Mexican economy and sought to organize small-scale dairy farmers to produce higher-quality milk with lower production costs. Local and outside elites who initiated this project embraced a Weberian notion of institutional rationality that cast all development problems as technical—a move that veiled dominant modes of politics and power. Analysis centers on three domains of discourse and practice—milk quality, traditional culture, and communication—that together reveal the contradictions between project goals and local structures of power, patronage, and control that reproduced existing class cleavages and forms of domination.Este artículo explora la política del proyecto de un desarrollo lechero en el occidente de México. El proyecto fue una respuesta a una competencia extranjera que resultaba de la apertura de la economía mexicana. La meta era organizar a pequeños ganaderos para producir leche de mejor calidad con costos de producción más bajos. Las élites locales y externas que iniciaron este proyecto se atuvieron a una noción de weberiana de raciocinio institucional que visualiza todos los problemas de desarrollo como problemas técnicos—con lo cual se evita señalar los modos dominantes de política y poder. El análisis se enfoca en tres áreas del discurso y la práctica—la calidad de leche, la cultura tradicional y las formas de comunicación—que revelan las contradicciones entre las metas del proyecto y las estructuras locales de poder, patrocinio y control que reproducen viejas hendiduras de clase y formas de dominación.
Fijación de nitrógeno por Cyanoprokaryota en la Reserva Ecológica El Edén, Q.R., México
Authors: Vargas Rodrigo , Novelo Eberto 
Published: February 2004

Acetylene reduction assay (ARA) was applied to determine the rate of nitrogen fixation by cyanoprokaryotes in a wetland in El Edén Ecological Reserve. The data obtained throughout a hydrological cycle showed both an increase of fixed nitrogen during wet periods and an important amount of nitrogen rate produced by non-heterocytic filamentous and colonial blue-green algae. The results support the importance of the contribution of algae to nutrient balance in the wetland ecosystem.
Se realizó la prueba de reducción de acetileno para determinar la tasa de fijación de nitrógeno por cianoprokariotes en un humedal tropical de la Reserva Ecológica El Edén. Los datos obtenidos durante un ciclo hidrológico muestran tanto un incremento en el nitrógeno fijado durante el periodo de lluvias como una importante cantidad en la tasa de fijación de nitrógeno producida por algas verdeazules filamentosas no heterocitosas y coloniales. Los resultados respaldan la importancia de la contribución de las algas en el balance de nutrimentos en el humedal.
Origen y domesticación de la chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifoliusMill I. M. Johnst): La espinaca Maya
Authors: Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey 
Published: February 2004

Mesoamerica has been one of the most active centers of plant domestication worldwide. Along with the many well-known and economically important plants that originated in Mesoamerica exist a variety of other lesser known domesticated plants many of which remain important on a local or regional scale. One of these lesser known plants is chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Euphorbiaceae), a shrub cultivated for its highly nutritious leaves. The article presents evidence bearing on the domestication and place of origin of the cultivated varieties of chaya and proposes a model describing the process of their domestication.Mesoamérica ha sido uno de los centros de domesticación más activos a nivel mundial. Junto con las muchas plantas económicas y conocidas de origen Mesoamericana, existen varias plantas domesticadas no tan conocidas, que sin embargo siguen siendo importantes a un nivel local o regional. Una de estas últimas es la chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius,Euphorbiaceae), un arbusto cultivado por sus hojas nutritivas. Se presenta aquí evidencia de la domesticación y lugar de origen de las variedades cultivadas de la chaya, y se propone un modelo para describir su processo de domesticación.
Household Welfare in Four Rural Mexican Communities: The Economic and Social Dynamics of Surviving National Crises
Authors: Hamilton Sarah , Dewalt Billie R. , Barkin David 
Published: February 2004

During the past two decades, national economic and political crises have threatened livelihoods and localities in rural Mexico. However, household-level data from agrarian reform communities studied in 1984 and 1996 show substantial improvement in standards of living. Increased remittance flows provided liquidity for investment in local production as well as household consumption. Increased labor force participation by women and community activism also sustained livelihoods and welfare improvements. Despite deepening structural inequalities, rural people invested in a future for local production. Recommendations center on realizing the economic and social potential demonstrated in such communities through increased public investment in rural infrastructures.Durante los últimos dos decenios, las crisis económicas y políticas han amenazado a los medios de supervivencia y los pueblos del México rural. Sin embargo, datos hogareños en ejidos estudiados en 1984 y 1996 muestran mejorías sustanciales en los niveles de vida. Aumentos en los flujos de remesas ofrecieron la liquidez para la inversión en la producción local y el consumo. Las mujeres contribuyeron a los ingresos y al bienestar mediante una mayor participación laboral y activismo comunitario. A pesar de crecientes desigualdades estructurales, la población rural invirtió en la producción local para el futuro. Las recomendaciones se centran en aprovechar el potencial social y económico demostrado en estas comunidades mediante mayores inversiones en infraestructura rural.
Curious Gentiles and Representational Authority in the City of the Saints
Authors: Eliason Eric A. 
Published: February 2004

The erection of a State of the Union whose population consisted of Turks or Afghans would not be a worse blunder fraught with more dangerous consequences than the creation of a State composed of Mormons.— C. E. Dutton, an American geologist who surveyed Utah several times during the 1870s.R T. Barnum, the great circus promoter, came to Salt Lake City to meet Brigham Young. The Church President jokingly asked Barnum, “Well, how much money do you think we could make if you were to put me on display back East?” Barnum answered, “Mr. President, I guarantee you half the receipts which will be in excess of $200,000 a year because you would be the greatest show in town.”
Changes in Homelessness Among US Veterans After Implementation of the Ending Veteran Homelessness Initiative
Authors: O’Toole Thomas P. , Pape Lisa M. , Kane Vincent , Diaz Monica , Dunn Anne , Rudolph James L. , Elnahal Shereef 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceHomelessness is a persistent and growing problem. What role health systems should play and how that role is incorporated into larger strategic efforts are not well-defined.ObjectiveTo compare homelessness among veterans with that in the general population during a 16-year study period before and after implementation of the Ending Veteran Homelessness Initiative, a program to rehouse veterans experiencing homelessness.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national retrospective cohort study using a mixed-methods approach examined annualized administrative (January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2022) and population data prior to (2007-2009) and during (2010-2022) the Ending Veteran Homelessness initiative. Participants included unhoused adults in the US between 2007 and 2022.ExposureEnrollment in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Homeless Program Office components providing housing, case management, and wrap-around clinical and supportive services.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPoint-in-time (PIT) count data for unhoused veterans and nonveterans during the study period, number of Section 8 housing vouchers provided by Housing and Urban Development–Veterans Administration Supportive Housing, number of community grants awarded by Supportive Services for Veterans and Families, and total number of veterans housed each year. Semistructured interviews with VHA leadership were performed to gain insight into the strategy.ResultsIn 2022, 33 129 veterans were identified in the PIT count. They were predominantly male (88.7%), and 40.9% were unsheltered. During the active years of the Ending Veteran Homelessness initiative, veteran homelessness decreased 55.3% compared with 8.6% for the general population. The proportion of veterans in this cohort also declined from 11.6% to 5.3%. This change occurred during a shift to “housing first” as agency policy to create low-barrier housing availability. It was also coupled with substantial growth in housing vouchers, grants to community partner agencies, and growth in VHA clinical and social programming to provide homeless-tailored wrap-around services and support once participants were housed. Key respondent interviews consistently cited the shift to housing first, the engagement with community partners, and use of real-time data as critical.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of the federal Ending Veteran Homelessness initiative, after program implementation, there was a substantially greater decrease in homelessness among veterans than in the general population. These findings suggest an important role for health systems in addressing complex social determinants of health. While some conditions unique to the VHA facilitated the change in homelessness, lessons learned here are applicable to other health systems.
Distributed joint parameter and state estimation algorithm for large‐scale interconnected systems
Authors: Hamdi Mounira , Kamoun Samira , Idoumghar Lhassane , Chaoui Mondher , Kachouri Abdenaceur 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a distributed joint parameter and state variables estimation algorithm for large‐scale state‐space interconnected systems. In this distributed estimation scheme, each interconnected sub‐system is described by a linear discrete‐time state space mathematical model. Each sub‐system is supposed to be controlled by an intelligent controller that can communicate with its interconnected neighbors and exchange information, such as state variables. The proposed approach comprises two recursive estimation algorithms, a parameter estimation algorithm considering the state space model and a distributed Kalman filter for state variables estimation. It is a fully distributed cooperative approach that allows to reduce complexity and saves computational and communication resources. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples are provided to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of this joint estimation algorithm.
Antioxidant Microgels Support Peroxide‐Challenged Hepatic Cells
Authors: Westensee Isabella Nymann , Thomsen Karen Louise , Mookerjee Rajeshwar Prosad , Städler Brigitte 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccess to therapeutic strategies that counter cellular stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important, long‐standing challenge. Here, the assembly of antioxidant artificial cells is based on alginate hydrogels equipped with non‐native catalysts, namely platinum nanoparticles and an EUK compound. These artificial cells are able to preserve the viability and lower the intracellular ROS levels of challenged hepatic cells by removing peroxides from the extracellular environment. Conceptually, this strategy illustrates the potential use of artificial cells with a synthetic catalyst toward long‐term support of hepatic cells and potentially other mammalian cells.
Mechanically Tough Micellar Cubic Liquid‐Crystalline Polymer Electrolytes for Electromechanical Actuators
Authors: Yoshio Masafumi , Wu Che‐Hao , Liu Chengyang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel micellar cubic ionic liquid‐crystalline polymer electrolyte, featuring an alignment‐free spherical structure with unimpeded 3D ionic pathways, aimed at enhancing the performance of an ionic electroactive polymer actuator. The development involved creating a mechanically tough and high ion‐conductive cubic polymer film through the self‐assembly of a wedge‐shaped vinyl imidazolium salt and an imidazolium ionic liquid, followed by in situ photopolymerization. The 300 µm‐thick‐trilayer films, consisting of the cubic polymer electrolyte sandwiched between poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes, exhibit remarkable capabilities. These include bearing substantial loads of 4 g with a high blocking force under a DC voltage of 2 V, achieving a high bending strain of 0.63% under a low input voltage (±2 V, 0.1 Hz), and boasting a maximum response frequency of 70 Hz. These properties position the material for potential applications in soft robots and tactile sensing devices.
Infinite Self‐Propulsion of Circularly On/Discharged Droplets
Authors: Han Xiao , Jin Rongyu , Sun Yue , Han Keyu , Che Pengda , Wang Xuan , Guo Pu , Tan Shengda , Sun Xu , Dai Haoyu , Dong Zhichao , Heng Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSelf‐propulsion of droplets in a controlled and long path at a high‐speed is crucial for organic synthesis, pathological diagnosis and programable lab‐on‐a‐chip. To date, extensive efforts have been made to achieve droplet self‐propulsion by asymmetric gradient, yet, existing structural, chemical, or charge density gradients can only last for a while (<50 mm). Here, this work designs a symmetrical waved alternating potential (WAP) on a superhydrophobic surface to charge or discharge the droplets during the transport process. By deeply studying the motion mechanisms for neutral droplets and charged droplets, the circularly on/discharged droplets achieve the infinite self‐propulsion (>1000 mm) with an ultrahigh velocity of meters per second. In addition, after permutation and combination of two motion styles of the droplets, it can be competent for more interesting work, such as liquid diode and liquid logic gate. Being assembled into a microfluidic chip, the strategy would be applied in chemical synthesis, cell culture, and diagnostic kits.