bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection
Authors: Legrand‐Abravanel F. , Nicot F. , Boulestin A. , Sandres‐Sauné K. , Vinel J.P. , Alric L. , Izopet Jacques 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHepatitis C Virus (HCV) is classified into six genotypes. Genotype 4 is now spreading in Europe, especially among drug users, who are often infected with both HCV and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Previous studies have shown that HCV‐4 responds poorly to interferon. Pegylated interferon (peg‐IFN) associated with ribavirin is now the most effective treatment for eradicating the virus. We have now studied the response of HCV‐4 to peg‐IFN and ribavirin and investigated the influence of HIV infection on anti‐HCV therapy. Twenty‐eight patients infected with HCV‐4 were given peg‐IFN plus ribavirin for 48 weeks. Patients infected with HCV alone tended to have a better initial response (66%) than patients infected with both HCV and HIV (30%, P = 0.06) and eradication was better (50%) than in doubly infected patients (15%, P = 0.06). After controlling for major factors influencing virus response, the virus response 12 weeks after the beginning of treatment in patients infected with HCV‐4 (50%) was similar to that of patients infected with genotype 1 (53%) and lower than that of patients infected with genotypes 2 or 3 (82%, P < 0.05). The response 24 weeks after the end of therapy in patients infected with HCV‐4 (32%) was similar to that of patients infected with HCV‐1 (28%) and lower than that of patients with HCV‐2 or HCV‐3 (62% P < 0.05). These results indicate that HCV‐4 patients should be considered to be difficult‐to‐treat. J. Med. Virol. 77:66–69, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of HCV infection in French hemodialysis units: A prospective study
Authors: Izopet Jacques , Sandres‐Sauné Karine , Kamar Nassim , Salama Gilles , Dubois Martine , Pasquier Christophe , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA large prospective study was carried out from 1997 to 2000 in 25 French hemodialysis units including 1,323 patients to determine the incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Monthly testing of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and assessment of HCV RNA and anti‐HCV antibodies if the ALT activity was elevated, identified 14 new infections in 7 different units, giving an incidence of 0.4% new HCV infections per year. Molecular analyses and epidemiological data indicated that five patients became infected with HCV outside the unit where they were dialyzed, while the nine remaining patients acquired HCV from infected patients on dialysis during the same shift at the same unit. HCV was cleared in six of the seven (85.7%) patients with acute hepatitis C who were given standard doses of alpha‐interferon (α‐IFN). The persistence of nosocomial transmission of HCV in hemodialysis units emphasizes the need to implement infection control practices. Identifying new infections is crucial because α‐IFN treatment results in long term clearance of HCV RNA in a large proportion of patients. J. Med. Virol. 77:70–76, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of crimean‐congo hemorrhagic fever using a novel monoclonal antibody
Authors: Saijo Masayuki , Tang Qing , Shimayi Bawudong , Han Lei , Zhang Yuzhen , Asiguma Muer , Tianshu Dong , Maeda Akihiko , Kurane Ichiro , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAn antigen‐capture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the diagnosis of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) using a novel monoclonal antibody, 1B7, to the recombinant nucleoprotein (rNP) of CCHF virus (CCHFV) Chinese strain 8402. This ELISA detected at least 2 ng/100 μl of CCHFV rNP of 8402 and of the Nigeria strain Ibr 10200, and also detected authentic nucleoproteins (NP) of Chinese strains. Although the sensitivity of the ELISA was lower than that of nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), it was able to detect nucleoproteins in acute sera of CCHF patients. The presence of anti‐CCHFV IgG decreased the sensitivity of the ELISA, possibly due to competition with 1B7, and this would tend to limit application of the ELISA. However, the method may be useful for the diagnosis of CCHF patients in the acute stage of illness, especially in laboratories not equipped with RT‐PCR testing capabilities. J. Med. Virol. 77:83–88, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide radical suppresses replication of wild‐type dengue 2 viruses in vitro
Authors: Charnsilpa Weerawan , Takhampunya Ratree , Endy Timothy P. , Mammen Mammen P. , Libraty Daniel H. , Ubol Sukathida 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNitric oxide is well accepted as one of the defenses for inhibiting viral dissemination. Macrophages and cells in the macrophage lineage are professional nitric oxide producers which sub‐serve as target for dengue virus. The interaction between nitric oxide and dengue virus in such target cell is unknown. In this report, the impact of nitric oxide on infectious dengue virus serotype 2 production and RNA replication was investigated in vitro. Primary isolates of dengue virus serotype 2 from dengue patients were replicated in mouse neuroblastoma cells in the presence of an exogenous nitric oxide donor, s‐nitroso‐N‐acethylpennicillamine, SNAP, at the concentration of 50 or 75 or 100 μM. Nitric oxide inhibited viral replication in a dose and a multiplicity of infection dependent manner. Nitric oxide from 50 and 75 μM SNAP delayed and suppressed replication of dengue virus isolates while higher concentration of nitric oxide, 100 μM SNAP, completely inhibited production of infectious particles up to 36 hr study. Twenty‐four out of forty tested isolates, 60%, were susceptible to 50 μM SNAP inhibitory effect. The mechanism of inhibition was investigated at the level of RNA synthesis and was found that RNA production was suppressed which correlated to production of the infectious particles. Down‐regulation of the RNA synthesis resulted in reduction of protein synthesis which was detected by lower level of NS1 protein synthesis using immunoblotting. In conclusion, nitric oxide from exogenous nitric oxide donor down regulated replication of dengue virus serotype 2 isolates from dengue patients. The suppression was clearly shown at the level of viral RNA and protein synthesis resulting in reduction of viral progenies production. This phenomenon implies that nitric oxide may serve as a defense which diminishes viral load in patients. J. Med. Virol. 77:89–95, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A 5‐year study of the prevalence and genetic diversity of human caliciviruses associated with sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in young children admitted to hospital in Melbourne, Australia (1998–2002)
Authors: Kirkwood Carl D. , Clark Ruth , Bogdanovic‐Sakran Nada , Bishop AO Ruth F. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe prevalence and genetic diversity of human caliciviruses causing sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis in young children hospitalized in a large pediatric hospital in Melbourne, Australia over 5 years (incorporating January 1998–December 2002) was studied by reverse transcription and sequence analysis of part of the polymerase gene. The overall prevalence of calicivirus infection in children aged <5 years during the 5 year study was 9.2% (113/1,233), with 95% of the strains belonging to the Norovirus genera. Strains of the norovirus G11‐4 cluster were the most common type identified in 4 of the 5 years studied (1998, 1999, 2001, and 2002), with strains of norovirus cluster G11‐5 the most common type during 2000. Additional norovirus genetic clusters GI‐3, GII‐1, GII‐2, GII‐3, GII‐6, and GII‐7, were also identified, but comprised only 17/94 of norovirus genogroup II strains. Five sapovirus strains were also identified. These results highlight the divergence of norovirus strains identified in a pediatric population. J. Med. Virol. 77:96–101, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence and type of oncogenic human papillomavirus in classic and in differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bonvicini F. , Venturoli S. , Ambretti S. , Paterini P. , Santini D. , Ceccarelli C. , Zerbini M. , Musiani M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe presence and type of oncogenic papillomavirus (HPV) in classic warty/basaloid vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and in differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma was investigated using three techniques, that is, histology, in situ hybridization, and PCR–ELISA. HPV typing was performed using in situ hybridization and PCR–ELISA. Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma proved completely negative for HPV by PCR–ELISA, in situ hybridization, and histologic examination, while in classic vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a HPV positivity of 66.1% was found. HPV 16 was the predominant type, with HPV 35, 33, and 52 types found rarely and sometimes together with HPV 16. PCR–ELISA proved to be the most suitable method to detect and type mucosal oncogenic HPVs. The absolute absence of HPV DNA in differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias and in keratinizing vulvar squamous cell carcinoma suggests a strong HPV‐independent pathway of malignant progression to invasive carcinoma. J. Med. Virol. 77:102–106, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate human papillomavirus (HPV) type 27b: Nucleotide sequence and heterogeneity with HPV 27
Authors: Yamaguchi Taihei , Miwa Yoko , Eizuru Yoshito 
Published: July 2005

AbstractMore than 100 human papillomavirus (HPV) types have been reported as tumorigenic agents. HPV types 2 and 27 were identified in benign tumors and classified closely according to the sequence homology. An HPV type 2 related sequence was identified previously in an oral papilloma. However, the correct typing and sequencing was impossible at that time. A candidate HPV was cloned by the long‐PCR technique from an oral papilloma and characterized by nucleotide sequence. This virus was basically HPV type 27, but there was some heterogeneity in comparison with the prototype. Most differences were nucleotide‐sequence variations. Two of four‐nucleotide insertions were frame shift, resulting in longer L1 protein than that of HPV 27. J. Med. Virol. 77:113–115, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Norwalk virus infection associates with secretor status genotyped from sera
Authors: Hutson Anne M. , Airaud Fabrice , LePendu Jacques , Estes Mary K. , Atmar Robert L. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractABO histo‐blood group type and secretor status are two genetically determined factors that contribute to resistance and susceptibility to Norwalk virus (NV). Archived serum samples but not saliva samples are available from NV and many other norovirus challenge studies and outbreaks. A person's ABO phenotype is easily determined from their archived sera, but the individual's secretor phenotype cannot easily be ascertained without saliva. We now report that a person's secretor genotype can also be determined from the archived serum samples. Of the 51 volunteers who participated in a NV challenge study, all eight non‐secretors were resistant to NV infection, all of the 42 NV‐infected volunteers were secretor positive, and a single uninfected secretor was histo‐blood group type B. In agreement with a previous report, secretor status was most predictive of risk of NV infection. The methods described in this report should rapidly improve our knowledge of the associations between carbohydrate antigen expression and susceptibility to different strains of the non‐cultivatable noroviruses by enabling retrospective studies from previously collected volunteer challenge and outbreak sera. J. Med. Virol. 77:116–120, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus genome by subgroups‐A, B specific reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP)
Authors: Ushio Masanobu , Yui Ikuko , Yoshida Naoko , Fujino Motoko , Yonekawa Toshihiro , Ota Yoshinori , Notomi Tsugunori , Nakayama Tetsuo 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAnnual seasonal outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection occur every winter. Most patients are diagnosed clinically by a rapid detection kit for RSV protein(s) from nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS), but some problems have been reported on the specificity and sensitivity of such rapid detection kits. To ratify these issues, a sensitive, specific, simple, and rapid molecular based diagnostic method is expected to be introduced and we have developed a method to detect the RSV genome of subgroups A and B independently by reverse transcription loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP). We detected the genomic RNA corresponding approximately to 0.1 TCID 50 in the sample by RT‐LAMP for both RSV subgroups under isothermal condition within 60 min after extraction of RNA. Specific DNA amplification was monitored by a real‐time turbidimeter and the quantity of RNA was calculated. The RSV genome was detected in 47 of 50 NPS by RT‐LAMP, and in 42 by nested RT‐PCR, whereas virus isolation was positive for 29 and enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA) for 34. RSV subgroup A was detected in 25 by RSV RT‐LAMP A, RSV subgroup B in 23 by RSV RT‐LAMP B, and dual infection with RSV subgroups A and B was identified in one case. They were confirmed with digestion with a specific restriction enzyme, Bgl II. The results showed the potential clinical feasibility of RT‐LAMP as a useful diagnostic tool for the detection of RSV with high sensitivity similar to nested RT‐PCR. J. Med. Virol. 77:121–127, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication of TT virus in hepatocyte and leucocyte cell lines
Authors: Desai Mayura , Pal Ramprasad , Deshmukh Ranjana , Banker Dushyant 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe TT virus (TTV) is a non‐enveloped, single‐stranded, circular, DNA virus, first isolated from a patient with hepatitis of unexplained etiology. The much deliberated pathological role of the virus continues to be conjectural in the absence of a suitable in vitro replication model. So far, the liver and the bone marrow have been shown to be the main sites of TTV replication. In this study, the human cell lines HepG2 and Chang Liver, the rat hepatoma cell line MH1C1, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐stimulated TTV‐negative peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures and the B lymphoblast cell line, Raji were investigated as potential in vitro replication systems for TTV. The cell lines were infected with an inoculum prepared by pooling TTV genotype1 DNA positive sera and monitored for virus replication. Of the three hepatocyte cell lines, while the HepG2 and MH1C1 cell lines did not support TTV replication, the Chang Liver cell line showed clear morphological changes as a result of the in vitro infection, which included clumping and granular degeneration of the entire cell sheet over a period of 6 days. The infected cells also showed presence of virus‐specific mRNA representative of viral transcription. The consistent presence of infectious viral particles in the supernatant culture fluid at 24‐hr fluid replacement intervals indicated limited extra‐cellular release of viral particles. The PHA‐stimulated TTV‐negative PBMC cultures and the Raji cell line were also able to support TTV replication and released significant levels of infectious viral particles into the supernantant culture fluid. J. Med. Virol. 77:136–143, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cDNA microarray analysis of HBV transgenic mouse liver identifies genes in lipid biosynthetic and growth control pathways affected by HBV
Authors: Hajjou Mustapha , Norel Raquel , Carver Robert , Marion Patricia , Cullen John , Rogler Leslie E. , Rogler Charles E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice that replicate HBV in the liver generally do not exhibit gross liver pathology, while maintaining a high level (107 or greater) of viral titer in the blood. We have used this model to determine the minimum effects of HBV replication in the liver on cellular gene transcription, using cDNA microarrays. cDNA microarray data from sets of HBV versus control cDNA microarrays revealed a very small impact of HBV on the cellular transcriptome. After deletion of genes that were variable in control cDNA microarrays and applying significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), an application to detect statistically significantly regulated genes, we identified 18 upregulated genes and 14 downregulated genes. Most of the regulated genes show a change in expression with respect to control of less than 40% in either direction, demonstrating small effects of HBV. The largest functional category for upregulated genes was lipid biosynthesis, in which ATP citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, sterol regulatory element binding factor 2, and retinol binding protein 1 were all upregulated. The most strongly downregulated genes were in the cytochrome p450 group, particularly p450, 4a14. Several growth regulatory genes including cyclin D1, IGF binding protein 3, and PCNA were moderately upregulated. These data are the first to specifically identify enzymes involved in fatty acid and NADPH‐electron transport pathways that are altered by the presence of HBV. The data also demonstrates that HBV is well adapted to non‐cytopathic replication in hepatoctyes. Cellular genes expected to be affected by viral secretion from membranes are clearly upregulated, and upregulation of growth regulatory genes may facilitate replacement of dying hepatocytes during persistent infection. J. Med. Virol. 77:57–65, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solid phase microextraction of stale flavour volatiles from the headspace of UHT milk
Authors: Perkins Melinda L , D'Arcy Bruce R , Lisle Allan T , Deeth Hilton C 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSolid phase microextraction (SPME) offers a solvent‐free and less labour‐intensive alternative to traditional flavour isolation techniques. In this instance, SPME was optimised for the extraction of 17 stale flavour volatiles (C3–11,13 methyl ketones and C4–10 saturated aldehydes) from the headspace of full‐cream ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT)‐processed milk. A comparison of relative extraction efficiencies was made using three fibre coatings, three extraction times and three extraction temperatures. Linearity of calibration curves, limits of detection and repeatability (coefficients of variation) were also used in determining the optimum extraction conditions. A 2 cm fibre coating of 50/30 µm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane in conjunction with a 15 min extraction at 40 °C were chosen as the final optimum conditions. This method can be used as an objective tool for monitoring the flavour quality of UHT milk during storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Heat stress reduces the accumulation of rosmarinic acid and the total antioxidant capacity in spearmint (Mentha spicata L)
Authors: Fletcher Ronald S , Slimmon Tannis , McAuley Colette Y , Kott Laima S 
Published: July 2005

AbstractSelected high‐phenolic lines of spearmint were subjected to a constant 30 °C heat regimen for a period of 4 weeks to determine the effects of heat stress on soluble phenolics, phenols and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Heat stress significantly reduced levels of total phenolic acids (71–87%) and soluble phenols (75–87%). This loss was concomitant with a loss of total antioxidant capacity of 21–60% after week 1 and up to 95% by week 4. High‐performance liquid chromatography profiling of heat‐stressed plants at 270 and 320 nm detected nearly a complete loss of rosmarinic acid in all seven chemotypes. High‐temperature drying of non‐heat‐stressed plants at 80 °C resulted in a similar loss of total antioxidant capacity and rosmarinic acid content an effect not observed in material that was subjected to low‐temperature drying first, followed by exposure to high temperature. This suggests that heat stress negatively regulates rosmarinic acid biosynthesis and causes a potential rapid biological breakdown of rosmarinic acid in tissues. 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical assays of heat‐stressed and non‐stressed plants clearly show that rosmarinic acid is the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity in spearmint. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Fluorimetric studies and noncovalent labeling of protein with the near‐infrared dye HITCI for analysis by CE‐LIF
Authors: Yan Weiying , Colyer Christa L. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract1,1′,3,3,3′,3′‐Hexamethylindotricarbocyanine iodide (HITCI) is a commercially available, positively charged, indocarbocyanine dye used typically as a laser dye in the near infrared (NIR). The absorbance and fluorescence properties of HITCI in a variety of solvent systems were determined. Results indicate that the fluorescence of HITCI is not significantly affected by the pH. Titration of HITCI with human serum albumin (HSA) and trypsinogen was carried out to investigate the interactions between this dye and proteins. These studies revealed that the absorbance and fluorescence properties of the dye change upon binding to protein in a wide range of solution pH's. The potential use of HITCI as a noncovalent protein labeling probe, therefore, was explored. Determination and separation of HITCI and HITCI‐protein complexes was performed by capillary electrophoresis with diode‐laser induced fluorescence detection (CE‐LIF). Both pre‐column and on‐column noncovalent labeling methods are demonstrated.
Quantitation of triacylglycerols in plant oils using HPLC with APCI‐MS, evaporative light‐scattering, and UV detection
Authors: Holčapek Michal , Lísa Miroslav , Jandera Pavel , Kabátová Naděžda 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe main constituents of plant oils are complex mixtures of TGs differing in acyl chain lengths, number and positions of double bonds, and regioisomerism. A non‐aqueous reversed‐phase HPLC method with acetonitrile–2‐propanol gradient and 30+15 cm NovaPak C18columns makes possible an unambiguous identification of the highest number of TGs ever reported for these oils, based on positive‐ion APCI mass spectra. A new approach to TG quantitation is based on the use of response factors with three typical detection techniques for that purpose (APCI‐MS, evaporative light‐scattering detection, and UV at 205 nm). Response factors of 23 single‐acid TGs (saturated TGs from C7 to C22, 7 unsaturated TGs), 4 mixed‐acid TGs, diolein and monoolein are calculated from their calibration curves and related to OOO. Due to differences between saturated and unsaturated acyl chains, the use of response factors significantly improves the quantitation of TGs. 133 TGs containing 22 fatty acids with 8–25 carbon atoms and 0–3 double bonds are identified and quantified in 9 plant oils (walnut, hazelnut, cashew nut, almond, poppy seed, yellow melon, mango, fig, date) using HPLC/APCI‐MS with a response factor approach. Average parameters and relative fatty acid concentrations are calculated with both HPLC/APCI‐MS and GC/FID.