bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of urbanization on winter surface temperatures in a topographically asymmetric Tropical City, Bhubaneswar, India
Authors: Nayak Hara Prasad , Nandini Gopinath , Vinoj V. , Landu Kiranmayi , Swain Debadatta , Mohanty Uma Charan , Niyogi Dev 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUrban areas experience significant alterations in their local surface energy balance due to changes in the thermal properties of impervious surfaces, albedo, land use, and land cover. In addition, the embedded influence of urbanization and heat-trapping in the urban canopy cause city temperature warmer compared to its surroundings peri-urban regions. However, the influence of urbanization on winter surface temperatures remains unclear. In this study, the urbanization influence on winter surface temperature in Bhubaneswar, a tropical two-tier city in India, is assessed using a high-resolution (4 km × 4 km) urban canopy model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Numerical experiments are conducted with no urban coupling (CTL) and with coupling of a single-layer urban canopy model (UCM) for the winters of 2004 and 2015. The study suggests that both model simulations exhibit a similar warm bias in mean surface temperature (~ 2.2 °C), but UCM’s surface temperature better agrees with the observations compared to CTL. The warm bias in both experiments is primarily contributed by a higher nighttime warm bias (~ 3.2 °C). The study reveals that urbanization contributes to ~ 0.4 °C increase in surface temperature in 2015, especially in the eastern lowland regions of the city, while the impact is minimal in 2004. In the western region, the influence is nullified, possibly due to lower surface specific humidity affecting longwave radiation in a higher terrain setting. This study underscores the significance of terrain and local microclimate conditions in shaping winter urban surface temperatures, shedding light on the complex interplay between urbanization and climate.
A Review of the Application of mNGS in Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Shi Luyao , Lei Tingting , Huo Yankun , Chen Yufei , Wang Chong , Wang Shujuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfection remains a major cause of mortality in individuals diagnosed with hematologic malignancies, both in children and adults. Although the range of infections affecting these patients has undergone significant changes with the widespread use of antibiotics, it is accompanied by an increasing number of drug-resistant strains. To address these concerns, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for detecting pathogens responsible for infectious diseases. At the same time, this approach has gained popularity as a means to identify infection etiology in hematologic disease patients. This review article focuses on the evolution of mNGS technology and its relevance in diagnosing hematologic diseases, discussing both the existing situation for microbial infections among such patients and traditional methods for detecting those infections. To examine the efficacy of this technique for hematologic disease patients, we compare the benefits and drawbacks of its application in light of relevant literature and clinical practice.
Modification strategy of siloxane antifouling coating: adhesion strength, static antifouling, and self-healing properties
Authors: Wang Tong , Chen Shougang , Feng Huimeng , Cao Lin , Zhao Zhipeng , Li Wen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSiloxane coatings, characterized by their low surface energy and low elastic modulus, exhibit promising fouling-release properties. However, siloxane antifouling coatings still have certain limitations, which include low adhesion strength, poor antifouling performance, and weak mechanical properties. This review summarizes the modification methods of siloxane coatings, and focuses on three modification strategies: improving coating adhesion, static antifouling performance, and self-healing capabilities. This review provides insight into the preparation methods, enhancement mechanism and key critical issues of the three strategies. Additionally, potential research methods and materials that can further augment siloxane coating performance in the future were evaluated. Computational techniques such as molecular dynamics can aid researchers in understanding structural modification strategies at the molecular level. Photocatalytic antifouling agents are more suitable for future scientific and environmentally friendly design concepts. It is hope that this contribution provides valuable insights for researchers seeking a better understanding of advancements in siloxane antifouling coatings research and aids in developing novel solutions to address marine fouling issues.
Association between dietary antioxidants intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a prospective cohort study: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Golmohamadi Melika , Hosseinpour-Niazi Somayeh , Hadaegh Parto , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe present prospective cohort study aimed to determine whether dietary antioxidants were associated with incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Another objective was to find out whether such associations could be modified by the BMI status. A total of 2188 Tehranian adults aged 21–84 years, free of T2DM with the validated FFQ, was entered in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for confounders were used to assess the association between dietary antioxidants and incident T2DM in total population, as well as in subjects with various BMI statuses. During 8·9 (8·1–9·6) years of follow-up, dietary vitamin E significantly decreased the incident T2DM, after adjustment for confounders. However, other dietary antioxidants were not shown to be significantly associated with incident T2DM. The interaction between dietary vitamin E, Mg and BMI status was found to influence the risk of T2DM (Pfor interaction< 0·05). After stratification of subjects based on BMI status, it was found that vitamin E and Mg decreased the risk of T2DM only among normal-weight individual. Also, an inverse association was found among dietary vitamin C, dietary Zn and the risk of T2DM in individuals with normal weight but not in overweight and obese individuals; however, the interaction test tended to be significant for these dietary variables. Dietary antioxidants including vitamin E, vitamin C, Zn and Mg when accompanied by healthy weight, may bring benefits to the prevention of T2DM.
Revisiting Jessup and the imperial origins of transnational law
Authors: Elliot Michael 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhilip Jessup’s 1956 Storrs Lectures, Transnational Law, developed a case for theorizing law beyond the state which continues to shape understandings of transnational law. Yet while transnational law has assumed increasing importance with globalization, it remains beset by conceptual difficulties. This article suggests that such difficulties are at least partly attributable to misreadings of Transnational Law primarily as proposing a more pragmatic concept to drive law’s progression. Contextualizing the Lectures within Jessup’s involvement in the US’s postwar worldmaking project and the contrasting project pursued by Third World states, and through close textual study, it contends that Transnational Law is better understood as geared to undermining the legal foundations of key efforts to counter Western dominance. It further shows how this reading can aid in clarifying misunderstandings of Jessup’s Lectures that still inform transnational law scholarship and in considering how law’s capacity to sustain inequality and exploitation may be challenged.
Atmospheric River Sequences as Indicators of Hydrologic Hazard in Historical Reanalysis and GFDL SPEAR Future Climate Projections
Authors: Bowers C. , Serafin K. A. , Tseng K.‐C. , Baker J. W. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhen multiple atmospheric rivers (ARs) occur in rapid succession, the combined effect on the hydrologic system can lead to more flooding and damage than would be expected from the individual events. This temporally compounding risk is a source of growing concern for water managers in California. We present a novel moving average‐based definition of AR “sequences” that identifies the time periods of elevated hydrologic hazard that occur during and after consecutive AR events. This marks the first quantitative evaluation of when temporal compounding is contributing to AR flood risk. We also assess projected changes in sequence frequency, intensity, and duration in California using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Seamless System for Prediction and EArth system Research (GFDL SPEAR) global coupled model. Sequence frequency increases over time and is fairly uniform across the state under both intermediate (SSP2–4.5) and very high (SSP5–8.5) emissions scenarios, with the largest changes occurring by the end of the century (+0.72 sequences/year in SSP2–4.5, +1.13 sequences/year in SSP5–8.5). Sequence intensity and duration both see increases in the medians and extreme values of their respective distributions relative to the historical baselines. In particular, “super‐sequence” events longer than 60 days are projected to occur 2–3x more frequently and to emerge in places that have never seen them in the historical record. In a world where California precipitation is becoming more variable, our definition of sequences will help identify when and where hydrologic impacts will be most extreme, which can in turn support better management of the state's highly variable water resources and inform future flood mitigation strategies.
Effects of Solar Wind Density and Velocity Variations on the Martian Ionosphere and Plasma transport—A MHD Model Study
Authors: Song Yihui , Lu Haoyu , Cao Jinbin , Wu Xiaoshu , Liu Yang , Li Shibang , Wang Siqi , Wild James A. , Zhou Chenling , Wang Jianxuan , Chen Nihan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolar wind dynamic pressure, consisting solar wind density nsw and velocity Vsw, is an important external driver that controls Martian plasma environment. In this study, a 3D magnetohydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the separate influences of solar wind density and velocity on the Martian ionosphere. The spatial distributions of ions in the dayside and near nightside ionosphere under different nsw and Vsw are analyzed, as well as the ion transport process. We find that for the same dynamic pressure condition, the ionosphere extends to higher altitudes under higher solar wind density, indicating that a solar wind velocity enhancement event is more efficient at compressing the Martian ionosphere. A higher Vsw will result in a stronger induced magnetic field, shielding the Martian ionosphere, preventing the penetration of solar wind particles. For the same dynamic pressure, increasing nsw (decreasing Vsw) leads to a higher horizontal ion velocity, facilitating day‐to‐night plasma transport. As a result, the ionosphere extends farther into the nightside. Also, the ion outflow flux is larger for high nsw, which may lead to a higher escape rate. Moreover, the strong crustal fields in the southern hemisphere also cause significant effect to the ionosphere, hindering horizontal ion transport. An additional outflow channel is also provided by the crustal field on the southern dayside, causing different responses of flow pattern between local and global scale while the solar wind condition is varied.
Low‐Velocity Structure of Subducted Oceanic Crust in the Upper Mantle: Insights From High Pressure and Temperature Elasticity Measurements of Aragonite
Authors: Li Luo , Yu Yingxin , Mao Zhu , Zhang Wen , Lu Jiaqi , Li Xinyang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the effects of water and carbon on the velocity profiles of subducted oceanic crust in the upper mantle. High pressure and temperature Brillouin measurements were conducted to determine the single‐crystal elasticity of aragonite (CaCO3) up to 20 GPa and 600 K, respectively. Using the finite‐strain method, we determined the elastic parameters: KS0 = 70.7 GPa, G0 = 36.1(3) GPa with KS′ = 5.0(1), G′ = 1.3(1), ∂KS/∂T = −0.020(2) GPa/K, and ∂G/∂T = −0.015(1) GPa/K. When combined with literature results, our findings reveal that neither hydrous minerals nor carbonate alone can explain the observed 3%–4% and 3%–7% low velocity anomalies in the compressional (VP) and shear‐wave (VS) velocities of subducted oceanic crust in the circum‐Pacific region at 150–250 km depth. Considering the combined effect of water and carbonate, the addition of 5.9–6.9 vol.% aragonite together with 10 vol.% lawsonite in the oceanic crust can produce a 3%–4% and 6.1%–8.1% low velocity anomalies in the VP and VS at 150–250 km depth, respectively, consistent with the seismic observations in the region. Complete dehydration of lawsonite accompanied by the gradual decarbonization of the subducted oceanic crust explains the absence of low‐velocity anomalies below 300‐km depth. Our findings help for a better understanding of the possible influence of carbon and water on seismic velocities of the mantle. As a result, the circulation of carbon and water may be better understood while taking the complex velocity structure of subduction zones and mineral physics findings into account.
p140Cap modulates the mevalonate pathway decreasing cell migration and enhancing drug sensitivity in breast cancer cells
Authors: Centonze Giorgia , Natalini Dora , Grasso Silvia , Morellato Alessandro , Salemme Vincenzo , Piccolantonio Alessio , D’Attanasio Giacomo , Savino Aurora , Bianciotto Olga Teresa , Fragomeni Matteo , Scavuzzo Andrea , Poncina Matteo , Nigrelli Francesca , De Gregorio Mario , Poli Valeria , Arina Pietro , Taverna Daniela , Kopecka Joanna , Dupont Sirio , Turco Emilia , Riganti Chiara , Defilippi Paola 
Published: December 2023

Abstractp140Cap is an adaptor protein involved in assembling multi-protein complexes regulating several cellular processes. p140Cap acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer (BC) and neuroblastoma patients, where its expression correlates with a better prognosis. The role of p140Cap in tumor metabolism remains largely unknown. Here we study the role of p140Cap in the modulation of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in BC cells. The MVA pathway is responsible for the biosynthesis of cholesterol and non-sterol isoprenoids and is often deregulated in cancer. We found that both in vitro and in vivo, p140Cap cells and tumors show an increased flux through the MVA pathway by positively regulating the pace-maker enzyme of the MVA pathway, the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), via transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. The higher cholesterol synthesis is paralleled with enhanced cholesterol efflux. Moreover, p140Cap promotes increased cholesterol localization in the plasma membrane and reduces lipid rafts-associated Rac1 signalling, impairing cell membrane fluidity and cell migration in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Finally, p140Cap BC cells exhibit decreased cell viability upon treatments with statins, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic at low concentrations in a synergistic manner. Overall, our data highlight a new perspective point on tumor suppression in BC by establishing a previously uncharacterized role of the MVA pathway in p140Cap expressing tumors, thus paving the way to the use of p140Cap as a potent biomarker to stratify patients for better tuning therapeutic options.
The RNA m6A demethylase ALKBH5 drives emergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization by upregulating G-CSFR expression
Authors: Liu Yang , Song Renjie , Lu Zhike , Zhao Lu , Zhan Xinyi , Li Yini , Cao Xuetao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization that can be triggered by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) through its receptor G-CSFR are essential for antibacterial innate defense. However, the epigenetic modifiers crucial for intrinsically regulating G-CSFR expression and the antibacterial response of neutrophils remain largely unclear. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification and the related demethylase alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) are key epigenetic regulators of immunity and inflammation, but their roles in neutrophil production and mobilization are still unknown. We used cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis to model systemic bacterial infection, and we report that ALKBH5 is required for emergency granulopoiesis and neutrophil mobilization. ALKBH5 depletion significantly impaired the production of immature neutrophils in the bone marrow of septic mice. In addition, Alkbh5-deficient septic mice exhibited higher retention of mature neutrophils in the bone marrow and defective neutrophil release into the circulation, which led to fewer neutrophils at the infection site than in their wild-type littermates. During bacterial infection, ALKBH5 imprinted production- and mobilization-promoting transcriptome signatures in both mouse and human neutrophils. Mechanistically, ALKBH5 erased m6A methylation on the CSF3R mRNA to increase the mRNA stability and protein expression of G-CSFR, consequently upregulating cell surface G-CSFR expression and downstream STAT3 signaling in neutrophils. The RIP-qPCR results confirmed the direct binding of ALKBH5 to the CSF3R mRNA, and the binding strength declined upon bacterial infection, accounting for the decrease in G-CSFR expression on bacteria-infected neutrophils. Considering these results collectively, we define a new role of ALKBH5 in intrinsically driving neutrophil production and mobilization through m6A demethylation-dependent posttranscriptional regulation, indicating that m6A RNA modification in neutrophils is a potential target for treating bacterial infections and neutropenia.
A direction-selective cortico-brainstem pathway adaptively modulates innate behaviors
Authors: Liu Jiashu , He Yingtian , Lavoie Andreanne , Bouvier Guy , Liu Bao-hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSensory cortices modulate innate behaviors through corticofugal projections targeting phylogenetically-old brainstem nuclei. However, the principles behind the functional connectivity of these projections remain poorly understood. Here, we show that in mice visual cortical neurons projecting to the optic-tract and dorsal-terminal nuclei (NOT-DTN) possess distinct response properties and anatomical connectivity, supporting the adaption of an essential innate eye movement, the optokinetic reflex (OKR). We find that these corticofugal neurons are enriched in specific visual areas, and they prefer temporo-nasal visual motion, matching the direction bias of downstream NOT-DTN neurons. Remarkably, continuous OKR stimulation selectively enhances the activity of these temporo-nasally biased cortical neurons, which can efficiently promote OKR plasticity. Lastly, we demonstrate that silencing downstream NOT-DTN neurons, which project specifically to the inferior olive—a key structure in oculomotor plasticity, impairs the cortical modulation of OKR and OKR plasticity. Our results unveil a direction-selective cortico-brainstem pathway that adaptively modulates innate behaviors.
Nuclear RPSA senses viral nucleic acids to promote the innate inflammatory response
Authors: Jiang Yan , Sun Siqi , Quan Yuan , Wang Xin , You Yuling , Zhang Xiao , Zhang Yue , Liu Yin , Wang Bingjing , Xu Henan , Cao Xuetao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInnate sensors initiate the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and proinflammatory cytokines to protect host from viral infection. Several innate nuclear sensors that mainly induce IFN-I production have been identified. Whether there exist innate nuclear sensors that mainly induce proinflammatory cytokine production remains to be determined. By functional screening, we identify 40 S ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) as a nuclear protein that recognizes viral nucleic acids and predominantly promotes proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in antiviral innate immunity. Myeloid-specific Rpsa-deficient mice exhibit less innate inflammatory response against infection with Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Influenza A virus (IAV), the viruses replicating in nucleus. Mechanistically, nucleus-localized RPSA is phosphorylated at Tyr204 upon infection, then recruits ISWI complex catalytic subunit SMARCA5 to increase chromatin accessibility of NF-κB to target gene promotors without affecting innate signaling. Our results add mechanistic insights to an intra-nuclear way of initiating proinflammatory cytokine expression in antiviral innate defense.
Probing optical anapoles with fast electron beams
Authors: Maciel-Escudero Carlos , Yankovich Andrew B. , Munkhbat Battulga , Baranov Denis G. , Hillenbrand Rainer , Olsson Eva , Aizpurua Javier , Shegai Timur O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOptical anapoles are intriguing charge-current distributions characterized by a strong suppression of electromagnetic radiation. They originate from the destructive interference of the radiation produced by electric and toroidal multipoles. Although anapoles in dielectric structures have been probed and mapped with a combination of near- and far-field optical techniques, their excitation using fast electron beams has not been explored so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally analyze the excitation of optical anapoles in tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanodisks using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). We observe prominent dips in the electron energy loss spectra and associate them with the excitation of optical anapoles and anapole-exciton hybrids. We are able to map the anapoles excited in the WS2 nanodisks with subnanometer resolution and find that their excitation can be controlled by placing the electron beam at different positions on the nanodisk. Considering current research on the anapole phenomenon, we envision EELS in STEM to become a useful tool for accessing optical anapoles appearing in a variety of dielectric nanoresonators.
USP7/Maged1-mediated H2A monoubiquitination in the paraventricular thalamus: an epigenetic mechanism involved in cocaine use disorder
Authors: Cheron Julian , Beccari Leonardo , Hagué Perrine , Icick Romain , Despontin Chloé , Carusone Teresa , Defrance Matthieu , Bhogaraju Sagar , Martin-Garcia Elena , Capellan Roberto , Maldonado Rafael , Vorspan Florence , Bonnefont Jérôme , de Kerchove d’Exaerde Alban 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe risk of developing drug addiction is strongly influenced by the epigenetic landscape and chromatin remodeling. While histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation have been studied in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens (NAc), the role of H2A monoubiquitination remains unknown. Our investigations, initially focused on the scaffold protein melanoma-associated antigen D1 (Maged1), reveal that H2A monoubiquitination in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) significantly contributes to cocaine-adaptive behaviors and transcriptional repression induced by cocaine. Chronic cocaine use increases H2A monoubiquitination, regulated by Maged1 and its partner USP7. Accordingly, Maged1 specific inactivation in thalamic Vglut2 neurons, or USP7 inhibition, blocks cocaine-evoked H2A monoubiquitination and cocaine locomotor sensitization. Additionally, genetic variations in MAGED1 and USP7 are linked to altered susceptibility to cocaine addiction and cocaine-associated symptoms in humans. These findings unveil an epigenetic modification in a non-canonical reward pathway of the brain and a potent marker of epigenetic risk factors for drug addiction in humans.