bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficacy of coefficient of variation control charts using generalized multiple dependent state sampling with various run-rule control charts
Authors: Rao G. Srinivasa , Aslam Muhammad , Alamri Faten S. , Jun Chi-Hyuck 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper aimed to develop a coefficient of variation (CV) control chart utilizing the generalized multiple dependent state (GMDS) sampling approach for CV monitoring. We conducted a comprehensive examination of this designed control chart in comparison to existing control charts based on multiple dependent state sampling (MDS) and the Shewhart-type CV control chart, with a focus on average run lengths. The results were then compared to run-rule control charts available in the existing literature. Additionally, we elucidated the implementation of the proposed control chart through concrete examples and a simulation study. The findings clearly demonstrated that the GMDS sampling control chart shows significantly superior accuracy in detecting process shifts when compared to the MDS sampling control chart. As a result, the control chart approach presented in this paper holds significant potential for applications in textile and medical industries, particularly when researchers seek to identify minor to moderate shifts in the CV, contributing to enhanced quality control and process monitoring in these domains.
Domain adaptation via Wasserstein distance and discrepancy metric for chest X-ray image classification
Authors: He Bishi , Chen Yuanjiao , Zhu Darong , Xu Zhe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeep learning technology can effectively assist physicians in diagnosing chest radiographs. Conventional domain adaptation methods suffer from inaccurate lesion region localization, large errors in feature extraction, and a large number of model parameters. To address these problems, we propose a novel domain-adaptive method WDDM to achieve abnormal identification of chest radiographic images by combining Wasserstein distance and difference measures. Specifically, our method uses BiFormer as a multi-scale feature extractor to extract deep feature representations of data samples, which focuses more on discriminant features than convolutional neural networks and Swin Transformer. In addition, based on the loss minimization of Wasserstein distance and contrast domain differences, the source domain samples closest to the target domain are selected to achieve similarity and dissimilarity across domains. Experimental results show that compared with the non-transfer method that directly uses the network trained in the source domain to classify the target domain, our method has an average AUC increase of 14.8% and above. In short, our method achieves higher classification accuracy and better generalization performance.
Spectroscopic Investigation of the Remote C–H Allylation of Amides via Photoredox and Nickel Dual Catalysis
Authors: Tambar Uttam K. , Troian-Gautier Ludovic , Bourgois Céline , De Kreijger Simon , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mechanistic details of a reported allylation reaction are investigated by means of Stern–Volmer experiments and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Both reference substrates, i.e., an allylic chloride and a trifluoroacetamide, are inefficient quenchers but large quenching rate constants are observed upon the addition of Ni(COD)2 and a bisoxazoline ligand. The large quenching rate constants and absence of observable photoproducts are consistent with a mechanism that operates by energy transfer between the excited-state iridium photosensitizer and the nickel complex.
Review of Air Embolism for the Interventional Radiologist
Authors: Zangan Steven M. , Yu Qian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAir embolism is an uncommon but well-described complication of day-to-day interventional radiology procedures. When symptoms manifest, air embolism often results in severe morbidity or even death. Thus, an understanding of how to prevent, recognize, and manage air embolism is imperative for interventional radiologists. This article reviews the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of air embolism.
Risk of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Campaña-Duel E. , Camprubí-Rimblas M. , Areny-Balagueró A. , Quero Sara , Artigas A. , Ceccato Adrian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSevere community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is difficult to treat when caused by difficult-to-treat (DTR) pathogens because of limited treatment options and poorer clinical outcomes. Over time, several predictive scoring systems based on risk factors for infection with multidrug resistant pathogens have been developed. We reviewed the available tools for identifying DTR pathogens as the cause of SCAP, both predictive scoring systems and rapid diagnostic methods, to develop management strategies aimed at early identification of DTR pathogens, reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use and improving clinical outcomes. The scoring systems reviewed show considerable heterogeneity among them at the level of the region studied, the definition of risk factors, as well as which DTR pathogens are the target pathogens. The models described have shown limited effectiveness in reducing inappropriate antibiotic treatment or improving patient outcomes by themselves. However, predictive models could serve as a first step in identifying DTR pathogen infections as part of a larger detection algorithm. Rapid diagnostic tools, such as multiplex polymerase chain reaction, would be useful for the rapid identification of pneumonia-causing pathogens and their resistance mechanisms. In resource-limited settings, rapid tests should be limited to patients at high risk of developing SCAP due to DTR pathogens. We propose an integrative algorithm based on the different scores, taking into account local epidemiological data, where ideally each center should have an antimicrobial stewardship program.
Evaluation of the Patient with Facial Palsy: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Kanona Hala , Saeed Shakeel R. , Randhawa Premjit , Kimber Rebecca , Rodger Anne , Khalil Sherif , Andrews Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article aims to provide an overview of the management of facial palsy within a multidisciplinary team setting and discusses considerations used to develop patient-specific management plans. The national landscape of facial function services is also discussed including suggestions on what may enable a more equitable and sustainable service for the future.
64 picosecond time resolved time-correlated single photon counting imaging
Authors: Yang Jia-Zhi , Zhang An-Ning , Wu Qing-Yuan , Li Jian , Meng Zhe , Zhao Qing 
Published: February 2024

High-speed imaging of dynamic scenes is a challenging and important task in many applications. However, conventional imaging methods based on charge coupled devices or complementary metal oxide semiconductors have limitations in temporal resolution and photon sensitivity. To address this problem, we propose a novel high-speed imaging scheme that combines single-pixel imaging with single photon detection and time-correlated single photon counting. Our scheme can achieve high-speed imaging with 64 ps resolution by repeating the motion scenes and using binary outputs from single photon detectors. We demonstrate our scheme by reconstructing the switching process of a digital micro-mirror device and a liquid crystal spatial light modulator. Our scheme can be further improved to 1 ps resolution by using a more accurate time-correlated single photon counting system. Moreover, our scheme can adapt to different speed scenes by adjusting the temporal resolution and reducing the sampling time. Our high temporal resolution imaging scheme further expands the application areas of single-pixel imaging and provides solutions for scenes requiring single photon detection and higher temporal resolution, such as reproducible chemical reaction processes imaging, cellular or sub-cellular bio imaging, single-molecule imaging of rotary motors, high-speed equipment inspection, and other periodic high-speed scenes imaging.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of iodide–4-thiouracil cluster: The ππ* state as a doorway for electron attachment
Authors: Asplund Megan , Koga Masafumi , Wu Ying Jung , Neumark Daniel M. 
Published: February 2024

The photophysics of thiobases—nucleobases in which one or more oxygen atoms are replaced with sulfur atoms— vary greatly depending on the location of sulfonation. Not only are direct dynamics of a neutral thiobase impacted, but also the dynamics of excess electron accommodation. In this work, time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to measure binary anionic clusters of iodide and 4-thiouracil, I− · 4TU. We investigate charge transfer dynamics driven by excitation at 3.88 eV, corresponding to the lowest ππ* transition of the thiouracil, and at 4.16 eV, near the cluster vertical detachment energy. The photoexcited state dynamics are probed by photodetachment with 1.55 and 3.14 eV pulses. Excitation at 3.88 eV leads to a signal from a valence-bound ion only, indicating a charge accommodation mechanism that does not involve a dipole-bound anion as an intermediate. Excitation at 4.16 eV rapidly gives rise to dipole-bound and valence-bound ion signals, with a second rise in the valence-bound signal corresponding to the decay of the dipole-bound signal. The dynamics associated with the low energy ππ* excitation of 4-thiouracil provide a clear experimental proof for the importance of localized excitation and electron backfilling in halide–nucleobase clusters.
How “U” are “U” words?
Authors: Sandow Rhys J. , Bailey George , Braber Natalie , O’Hara-Brown Eddie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
That U (upper-class) and non-U (non-upper class) speakers are identifiable through their vocabulary is an axiom in
England. These claims are repeated in books, in print media, on social media, and in conversations regarding social class.
However, such claims are seldom investigated empirically. To redress this, we consider the production and perception of allegedly
U and non-U lexis through two studies. In the first, we identify the sociolinguistic distribution of the usage of three variables
which are purported to be indicators of socioeconomic status, namely, loo, napkin, and sofa. The second study
employs the matched-guise technique to investigate the perception of variants of these three variables. The production results
reveal that all three variables exhibit change in apparent-time with limited evidence of class-based variation. In the perception
study, we find no systematic class-based indexicalities across the variables. Ultimately, our findings challenge the belief that
allegedly U words are shibboleths of upper-classness.
Narratives of stressful and traumatic personal experience disclosed by students with mental health conditions in
medical consultations
Authors: Sowińska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper advances the field of narratives by focusing on the narratives of personal experience disclosed by
students with mental health conditions, in particular depression, anxiety and borderline personality disorder, in medical
consultations. I draw on sociolinguistic and discourse-analytic approaches to the analysis of narratives in interaction, viewing
language as a tool for constructing social reality, and examine the content, structural properties and functions of the stories
(Labov & Waletzky, 1967; De Fina &
Georgakopoulou, 2011). Engaging in self-disclosure and sharing stories of stressful and traumatic experience in medical
consultations allows the students (1) to explain symptoms and interpret causes of their current health problems, (2) manage
accountability, and (3) confront and cope with their painful experience and stigma.
The Species Membership Approach
Authors: Fasel Raffael N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter makes the case for the Species Membership Approach (SMA). The SMA is the unorthodox proposal that, criticism of speciesism notwithstanding, we should rehabilitate the species criterion in law to achieve a middle ground between the Aristocratic and Meritocratic conceptions. According to the SMA, fundamental legal rights and similar entitlements should be extended to animals based on their species, not their individual capacities. Section 2 sheds light on the pragmatic and political reasons for using species membership instead of individual capacities as a criterion for extending legal rights. Section 3 demonstrates the usefulness of the SMA by applying it to three test cases: Sesha the human being, Minnie the elephant, and Knuckles the chimpanzee. Finally, Section 4 explores how the SMA can be operationalized in practice.
Conclusion
Authors: Fasel Raffael N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This concluding chapter draws the book to a close in three ways. First, it recapitulates the historical, analytical, and practical ground covered in the previous chapters and the Species Membership Approach (SMA) which emerged from those discussions. Second, it points to four fruitful areas of future research that will help shed light on operational aspects of the SMA which the book could not explore. Lastly, it reflects on the contributions made in the book and how they carry on the conversation started by the trailblazing research of Christopher Stone.
Minimization of preventable drug waste through use of a vial combination calculator tool
Authors: Song Ju Young , Wysocki Mark , Chen Franklin , Martinez Dylcia , Cabie Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This project aimed to determine whether a supportive calculator that automates the vial selection process might offer a practical and efficient method of reducing pharmaceutical expenditures through minimizing preventable drug waste in outpatient pharmacy settings.

Summary
Drug waste is a substantial target of cost-saving efforts in the areas of oncology and autoimmune therapy, which involve use of a vast number of high-cost medications packaged in single-dose vials of varying strength. To facilitate selection of the optimal combination of medication vials and thereby minimize preventable drug waste, a Microsoft Excel–based calculator was developed for use by staff of a large oncology pharmacy network. Twenty-three high-cost chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody medications were identified as initial targets for the drug waste prevention initiative. After dissemination and implementation of the calculator and provision of monthly pharmacy staff education, the dollar value of preventable drug waste and the number of suboptimal vial combination selections were reduced by 51% ($412,300) and 54% (315 selections), respectively, in fiscal year 2022 and further reduced by 46% ($183,400) and 27% (71 selections), respectively, in fiscal year 2023.

Conclusion
After implementation of an automated vial selection tool, preventable drug waste and the quantity of suboptimal vial combination selections were markedly reduced across 11 outpatient compounding pharmacies.
Law reform: the institutional perspective
Authors: van Haersolte-van Hof Jacomijn J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Law Commission was tasked with reviewing the Arbitration Act 1996, to determine whether any amendments to the Act were needed to ensure that the Act remains fit for purpose and continues to promote England and Wales as a leading destination for commercial arbitration. As part of that process, the Law Commission engaged with many different stakeholders across the arbitration community. The London Court of International Arbitration was one of those stakeholders. Accordingly, this article seeks to offer readers an insight into the perspective of an arbitral institution on the topic of reform of the Act. While this article does not address comprehensively all of the Law Commission’s proposals, it provides an insight into the London Court of Arbitration (LCIA)’s responses to the Law Commission’s consultation and the competing considerations that are at play with respect to the duty of confidentiality, the duties of impartiality, independence and disclosure, discrimination, section 67 of the Act, and the law applicable to the arbitration agreement.
Exploring Superselective Intraarterial Thrombolysis for Autologous Fat Injection–Induced Vision Loss
Authors: Wu Qian , Zhou Guiwen , Xu Xiao , Liu Bing , Fu Qiang , Zhang Jie , Zhang Peixuan , Bai Ruiqi , Meng Fanting , Chen Minliang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Intravascular injection represents the most severe complication in fat transplantation procedures. Currently, the prognosis for patients who suffer from blindness due to fat transplantation–induced ocular vascular occlusion is far from optimistic.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore and evaluate the efficacy and safety of arterial thrombolysis in the treatment of ocular vascular occlusion caused by fat transplantation.

Methods
We analyzed the data of 12 patients who underwent intraarterial thrombolysis and conservative treatments for facial autologous fat grafting–associated ocular vascular occlusion. Among the cases, there were 6 instances of ophthalmic artery embolism and 6 cases of central retinal artery occlusion. All patients suffered with sudden blindness, sometimes accompanied by eye pain, ptosis, strabismus, skin necrosis at the injection site, or cerebral microinfarction. They received symptomatic conservative treatments and intraarterial thrombolysis, encompassing mechanical vessel recanalization, vessel dilation, and dissolution of thrombus constituents.

Results
Following intraarterial thrombolysis, a noteworthy improvement in the blood flow of both the main trunk and peripheral branches of the ophthalmic artery was observed in the majority of patients when contrasted with their pretreatment status. One patient experienced a headache intraoperatively, while no significant discomfort was reported by the remaining patients. After conservative treatments and intraarterial thrombolysis, all patients experienced improvement in ocular symptoms, skin necrosis, and cerebral infarction. Three patients demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. These patients had surpassed the recommended time window for treatment, yet the occlusion of the ophthalmic artery was not complete.

Conclusions
Intraarterial thrombolysis combined with conservative treatments achieves early perfusion and is expected to promote visual recovery. Hospitals that possess the necessary treatment capabilities are encouraged to establish this therapeutic pathway.
Brain cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease: challenges and opportunities in probe and drug development
Authors: Ahmed Hazem , Wang Yuqin , Griffiths William J , Levey Allan I , Pikuleva Irina , Liang Steven H , Haider Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease; however, attempts to modulate brain cholesterol biology have not translated into tangible clinical benefits for patients to date.
Several recent milestone developments have substantially improved our understanding of how excess neuronal cholesterol contributes to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Indeed, neuronal cholesterol was linked to the formation of amyloid-β and neurofibrillary tangles through molecular pathways that were recently delineated in mechanistic studies. Furthermore, remarkable advances in translational molecular imaging have now made it possible to probe cholesterol metabolism in the living human brain with PET, which is an important prerequisite for future clinical trials that target the brain cholesterol machinery in Alzheimer's disease patients—with the ultimate aim being to develop disease-modifying treatments.
This work summarizes current concepts of how the biosynthesis, transport and clearance of brain cholesterol are affected in Alzheimer's disease. Further, current strategies to reverse these alterations by pharmacotherapy are critically discussed in the wake of emerging translational research tools that support the assessment of brain cholesterol biology not only in animal models but also in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Obesity is associated with alterations in anatomical connectivity of frontal-corpus callosum
Authors: Hu Yang , Li Guanya , Zhang Wenchao , Wang Jia , Ji Weibin , Yu Juan , Han Yu , Cui Guangbin , Wang Haoyi , Manza Peter , Volkow Nora , Ji Gang , Wang Gene-Jack , Zhang Yi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Obesity has been linked to abnormal frontal function, including the white matter fibers of anterior portion of the corpus callosum, which is crucial for information exchange within frontal cortex. However, alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and cortical regions in patients with obesity have not yet been investigated. Thus, we enrolled 72 obese and 60 age-/gender-matched normal weight participants who underwent clinical measurements and diffusion tensor imaging. Probabilistic tractography with connectivity-based classification was performed to segment the corpus callosum and quantify white matter anatomical connectivity between subregions of corpus callosum and cortical regions, and associations between corpus callosum–cortex white matter anatomical connectivity and clinical behaviors were also assessed. Relative to normal weight individuals, individuals with obesity exhibited significantly greater white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum–orbitofrontal cortex, which was positively correlated with body mass index and self-reported disinhibition of eating behavior, and lower white matter anatomical connectivity of corpus callosum–prefrontal cortex, which was significantly negatively correlated with craving for high-calorie food cues. The findings show that alterations in white matter anatomical connectivity between corpus callosum and frontal regions involved in reward and executive control are associated with abnormal eating behaviors.
A radiomics-based brain network in T1 images: construction, attributes, and applications
Authors: Liu Han , Ma Zhe , Wei Lijiang , Chen Zhenpeng , Peng Yun , Jiao Zhicheng , Bai Harrison , Jing Bin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
T1 image is a widely collected imaging sequence in various neuroimaging datasets, but it is rarely used to construct an individual-level brain network. In this study, a novel individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network was proposed from T1 images. In detail, it used voxel-based morphometry to obtain the preprocessed gray matter images, and radiomic features were then extracted on each region of interest in Brainnetome atlas, and an individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network was finally built using the correlational values of radiomic features between any pair of regions of interest. After that, the network characteristics of individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network were assessed, including graph theory attributes, test–retest reliability, and individual identification ability (fingerprinting). At last, two representative applications for individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network, namely mild cognitive impairment subtype discrimination and fluid intelligence prediction, were exemplified and compared with some other networks on large open-source datasets. The results revealed that the individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network displays remarkable network characteristics and exhibits advantageous performances in mild cognitive impairment subtype discrimination and fluid intelligence prediction. In summary, the individualized radiomics-based structural similarity network provides a distinctive, reliable, and informative individualized structural brain network, which can be combined with other networks such as resting-state functional connectivity for various phenotypic and clinical applications.