bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 10‐year follow‐up of a community‐based cohort of people with diabetes: The incidence of foot ulceration and death
Authors: Mohammed Shijat Ali , Crawford Fay , Cezard Genevieve Isabelle , Papathomas Michail 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying people with diabetes who are likely to experience a foot ulcer is an important part of preventative care. Many cohort studies report predictive models for foot ulcerations and for people with diabetes, but reports of long‐term outcomes are scarce.AimWe aimed to develop a predictive model for foot ulceration in diabetes using a range of potential risk factors with a follow‐up of 10 years after recruitment. A new foot ulceration was the outcome of interest and death was the secondary outcome of interest.DesignA 10‐year follow‐up cohort study.Methods1193 people with a diagnosis of diabetes who took part in a study in 2006–2007 were invited to participate in a 10‐year follow‐up. We developed a prognostic model for the incidence of incident foot ulcerations using a survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards model. We also utilised survival analysis Kaplan–Meier curves, and relevant tests, to assess the association between the predictor variables for foot ulceration and death.ResultsAt 10‐year follow‐up, 41% of the original study population had died and more than 18% had developed a foot ulcer. The predictive factors for foot ulceration were an inability to feel a 10 g monofilament or vibration from a tuning fork, previous foot ulceration and duration of diabetes.ConclusionsThe prognostic model shows an increased risk of ulceration for those with previous history of foot ulcerations, insensitivity to a 10 g monofilament, a tuning fork and duration of diabetes. The incidence of foot ulceration at 10‐year follow‐up was 18%; however, the risk of death for this community‐based population was far greater than the risk of foot ulceration.
The ailments that stem from cheese and relevant precautions taken in the Ottoman Empire from the 19th century to the 20th century
Authors: Erkmen Ayşe , Tüzün Nevim , Erkmen Osman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe increase in cheese production, sale, and consumption due to the settled lives of societies has led to an increase in cheese‐related diseases. It has become essential to better understand cheese‐borne diseases and to develop control measures. In this study, cheese‐related diseases and precautions taken in the Ottoman Empire from the 19th to the 20th centuries were investigated in Ottoman archival sources. Of these documents, cheese spoilage was detected in 12 and cheese‐related disease in 9. Cheeses that caused diseases or disorders in the relevant period were called spoiled cheese. One document states that a person died of a cheese‐borne illness. Cheese poisoning occurs mainly from unsalted, fresh cheeses. It has been determined that tin‐free copper pots were used in cheese production and sales and covered with herbs such as hemlock during maturation. In the relevant period, microbiological and chemical analyses of cheeses in terms of health were carried out in food control laboratories. Since the mercury chloride solution is used to disinfect animal udders, it has been stated that it contaminates the milk used in cheese production. Authorities have requested a boric acid solution (5% boric acid in hot water) instead of this solution for udder disinfection. In the Ottoman Empire, it was requested to take necessary sanitation and hygiene measures to prevent spoilage and cheese‐related diseases in the production areas or sales places of cheese. Clean and tinned containers should be used in cheese production, storage, and sale, and poisonous herbs should not be used during cheese ripening. It was also essential to analyze them in laboratories at internal and external customs. Knowing the precautions taken in the past to prevent the deterioration of food or the occurrence of diseases has led to modern food safety practices being applied today.
An exploration of potential raw materials for prehistoric pottery production in the Tao River Valley, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Dammer Evgenia , Hein Anke , Spataro Michela 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNorthwest China is known for its Majiayao‐style Neolithic painted pottery which has received much praise for its high level of craftsmanship, yet its chain of production, in particular the step of raw material selection, is still poorly understood. To fill this lacuna, the present study explores the raw materials used in producing these wares from a geological and technological perspective. At its core stands the first geoarchaeological survey conducted around the eponymous site of Majiayao which collected 47 samples of raw materials suitable for ceramic production including clay, loess and rocks, which were all analysed macroscopically. A selection was analysed using thin‐section petrography, and a subset of the clay and loess samples were subjected to firing experiments. Additionally, three clay samples were analysed by scanning electron microscope with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometer to understand their composition and behaviour in ceramic production. These were then compared to archaeological ceramics, thus providing insights into raw‐material availability and selection that will be of importance not only for research on Majiayao‐style pottery but also for later‐period ceramics produced in the area. This research shows how an archaeologically informed geological survey can contribute insights into human–environment interaction in early pottery production, especially the interplay between raw‐material availability, technological know‐how and potters' choices.
Association between the duration of progesterone supplementation treatment and premature neonates outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kazemi Aski Soudabeh , Sharami Seyedeh Hajar , KabodMehri Roya , Rahnemaei Fatemeh Alsadat , Milani Forozan , Sabetghadam Shadi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsPreterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity, progesterone is one of the main hormones to maintain a normal pregnancy. However, there are still conflicting results regarding using progesterone supplementation to prevent PTB and improve neonatal outcomes. The length of treatment with progesterone supplementation is also one of the challenges ahead, so the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the duration of progesterone supplementation treatment and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant women at risk of PTB and who have taken progesterone supplementation. They were asked about the length of treatment with progesterone supplements and finally, the neonatal outcomes of these women were measured.ResultsA total of 265 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study and the subjects were divided into two groups that received progesterone <12 weeks and received progesterone ≥12. In the group of women receiving progesterone with a treatment duration of ≥12 weeks, the rate of preterm labor, respiratory distress syndrome, low birth weight, and the need for hospitalization were significantly lower than in the group receiving progesterone with a treatment duration of ≥12 weeks.ConclusionProgesterone administration for longer than 12 weeks in women at risk of PTB can improve neonatal outcomes.
Sun protection behaviors among children aged 6−18 years old, the role of socioeconomic factors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nouri Nikta , Iravani Parisa , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsEvaluation of sun protection behavior and related factors in children aged between 6 and 18 years in Isfahan, Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted at outpatient pediatric clinics affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran during the summer of 2021. A checklist was designed, and the interviewer used that to gather the required information including children's demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic data, and sun‐protective behaviors in children.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of children was 10.54 ± 3.61. Among the study population, 63.7% of children were male. The most common skin phototypes were II and III (33.5% each). 83.8% of children used at least one method of sun protection (94.5% of girls, 77.6% of boys, p < 0.001). Wearing long‐sleeved clothes was the most frequent UV‐protection method (48%), while sunscreen application was the least prevalent method (28.1%). Sun protection behaviors were more frequent among urban children (86.7%, p = 0.009) and children with wealthy families (94%, p = 0.035). Sun protection methods were used by most of the children whose mothers applied sunscreen on a daily basis (90.2%, p = 0.002) and all of the children whose mothers held a master's degree or above (100%, p = 0.004).ConclusionChildren's sun protection behavior is directly associated with demographic characteristics, families' socioeconomic level and maternal usage of sun protection measures. It is necessary to provide information and education about sun protection methods and the risks of excessive sun exposure to families and children, as well as facilitate their access to these.
Robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy using the novel surgical robot platform, hinotori: Initial experience with two cases
Authors: Motoyama Daisuke , Matsushita Yuto , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Tamura Keita , Otsuka Atsushi , Fujisawa Masato , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionA newly developed surgical robot system, hinotori, with various unique advantages has been in clinical use in Japan; however, there have not been any studies of robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy using hinotori.Case presentationWe describe two male patients aged 67 and 76 years old with right renal cell carcinoma and a level II and I inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, respectively, undergoing robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy using hinotori. Both operations were successfully completed with a purely robotic procedure without any major perioperative complications, resulting in the following findings: time using robotic system, 158 and 156 min; total operative time, 228 and 214 min; estimated blood loss, 535 and 200 mL, respectively.ConclusionBased on our first experience, robot‐assisted radical nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor thrombectomy using hinotori may be an effective treatment for renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus ≤level II.
Effects of short‐term multicomponent exercise intervention on muscle power in hospitalized older patients: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cadore Eduardo L. , Izquierdo Mikel , Teodoro Juliana Lopes , Martínez‐Velilla Nicolás , Zambom‐Ferraresi Fabricio , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Sáez de Asteasu Mikel L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundBed rest during hospitalization can negatively impact functional independence and clinical status of older individuals. Strategies focused on maintaining and improving muscle function may help reverse these losses. This study investigated the effects of a short‐term multicomponent exercise intervention on maximal strength and muscle power in hospitalized older patients.MethodsThis secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was conducted in an acute care unit in a tertiary public hospital. Ninety (39 women) older patients (mean age 87.7 ± 4.8 years) undergoing acute‐care hospitalization [median (IQR) duration 8 (1.75) and 8 (3) days for intervention and control groups, respectively]) were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention group (n = 44) or a control group (n = 46). The control group received standard care hospital including physical rehabilitation as needed. The multicomponent exercise intervention was performed for 3 consecutive days during the hospitalization, consisting of individualized power training, balance, and walking exercises. Outcomes assessed at baseline and discharge were maximal strength through 1 repetition maximum test (1RM) in the leg press and bench press exercises, and muscle power output at different loads (≤30% of 1RM and between 45% and 55% of 1RM) in the leg press exercise. Mean peak power during 10 repetitions was assessed at loads between 45% and 55% of 1RM.ResultsAt discharge, intervention group increased 19.2 kg (Mean Δ% = 40.4%) in leg press 1RM [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.1, 26.2 kg; P < 0.001] and 2.9 kg (Mean Δ% = 19.7%) in bench press 1RM (95% CI: 0.6, 5.2 kg; P < 0.001). The intervention group also increased peak power by 18.8 W (Mean Δ% = 69.2%) (95% CI: 8.4, 29.1 W; P < 0.001) and mean propulsive power by 9.3 (Mean Δ% = 26.8%) W (95% CI: 2.5, 16.1 W; P = 0.002) at loads ≤30% of 1RM. The intervention group also increased peak power by 39.1 W (Mean Δ% = 60.0%) (95% CI: 19.2, 59.0 W; P < 0.001) and mean propulsive power by 22.9 W (Mean Δ% = 64.1%) (95% CI: 11.7, 34.1 W; P < 0.001) at loads between 45% and 55% of 1RM. Mean peak power during the 10 repetitions improved by 20.8 W (Mean Δ% = 36.4%) (95% CI: 3.0, 38.6 W; P = 0.011). No significant changes were observed in the control group for any endpoint.ConclusionsAn individualized multicomponent exercise program including progressive power training performed over 3 days markedly improved muscle strength and power in acutely hospitalized older patients.
Normal values of the fronto‐occipital relationship in fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks at two maternal fetal medicine units: Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Molina‐Giraldo Saulo , Massey‐Naranjo Andrea Yolanda , Ruiz‐Hernández María Cecilia , Rivera‐Casas Ana María , Sterling‐Castaño Diana , Restrepo Héctor Fabio , Sanchez‐Pirajan Angelica , Pinto‐Quiñonez Martha Lucia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo establish nomograms for linear measurements of the frontal and occipital horns of the lateral ventricle and their relationship, in pregnant patients between 18 and 40 weeks of gestation and having attended 2 units of Maternal Fetal Medicine in Bogotá—Colombia.MethodologyA descriptive cross‐sectional study with an analytical component was carried out on pregnant patients who utilized the ultrasound services at 2 Maternal‐Fetal Medicine units in Bogotá, between 18 and 40 weeks of pregnancy who underwent measurement. From the anterior and posterior horns of the lateral ventricles, the fronto‐occipital ratio was calculated at each gestational week, and nomograms were created for each of these variables.ResultsNine hundred and seventy‐eight patients were included in the study. The distance of the frontal horns ranged between 6.9 and 51.6 mm with a mean of 19.1 ± 5.8 mm; that of the occipital horns had a measurement between 8.7 and 53 mm with a mean of 28, 1 ± 8.9 mm; on the other hand, the fronto‐occipital ratio (FOR) yielded a mean of 0.365 ± 0.067 (0.136–0.616) without bearing any relation to gestational age. The trend of normal values for the studied population is displayed, plotted in percentile curves and nomograms for each gestational age.ConclusionThe measurement of the frontal and occipital horns, and the calculation of the fronto‐occipital relationship is technically possible between 18 and 40 weeks, finding that the anterior and posterior horns have a positive linear relationship with gestational age. Contrarily, the FOR does not correlate with the gestational age, it was possible to establish a table of percentiles that allows determining the normal values for these measurements during pregnancy.
A graph polynomial from chromatic symmetric functions
Authors: Chan William , Crew Logan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMany graph polynomials may be derived from the coefficients of the chromatic symmetric function of a graph when expressed in different bases. For instance, the chromatic polynomial is obtained by mapping for each in this function, while a polynomial whose coefficients enumerate acyclic orientations is obtained by mapping for each . In this paper, we study a new polynomial we call the tree polynomial arising by mapping , where is the chromatic symmetric function of a path with vertices. In particular, we show that this polynomial has a deletion‐contraction relation and has properties closely related to the chromatic polynomial while having coefficients that enumerate certain spanning trees and edge cutsets.
Medico‐legal cases associated with older physicians’ cognitive ability to practice medicine
Authors: Casey Genevieve , Lemay Karen , Ji Jun , Yang Qian , MacIntyre Anna , Heroux Dianne , Garber Gary 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground: Dementia increases as individuals age. Aging physicians represent a growing population. Studies have demonstrated there are physicians with cognitive impairments practicing medicine. The medico‐legal consequences of physicians with cognitive impairments have not been investigated.Methods: The Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA) is a national medical association with 108,000 members who advise and assist doctors with medico‐legal matters. They maintain a national repository of legal actions and complaints to regulatory bodies and hospitals. We looked at civil‐legal and regulatory college cases closed over a 10‐year period associated with physicians aged ≥55. A word search of the cases was conducted using “Dementia, Alzheimer, Cognitive impairment, Cognitive decline, Memory loss, Memory issues, Fit for/to practice.”Results: The CMPA closed 67,566 cases between 2012 and 2021 and 16% (10,599) involved members ≥55. A mixed methodology approach identified 65 cases associated with physician's cognitive ability to practice medicine. Of these 65 cases, the average age of physician was 71.3 (56.1–88.5). The proportion of cases where concern was associated with a physician's cognitive ability to practice medicine increased, from 0.2% of cases in 55–60‐year‐olds, to 7.7% in physicians over 80.Interpretation: As physicians age, concerns about cognitive impairment are more likely to contribute to medico‐legal matters.
Further exploration of the collision‐induced dissociation of select beta blockers: Acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, and labetalol
Authors: Carlo Matthew J. , Patrick Amanda L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBeta blockers are a class of drugs commonly used to treat heart‐related diseases; they are also regulated under the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Tandem mass spectrometry is often used in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical analysis laboratory, and antidoping laboratory for detection and characterization of drugs and their metabolites. A deeper chemical understanding of dissociation pathways may eventually lead to an improved ability to predict tandem mass spectra of compounds based strictly on their chemical structure (or vice versa), which is especially important for characterization of unknowns such as emerging designer drugs or novel metabolites. In addition to providing insights into dissociation pathways, the use of energy‐resolved breakdown curves can produce improved selectivity and lend insights into optimal fragmentation conditions for liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry LC–MS/MS workflows. Here, we perform energy‐resolved collision cell and multistage ion trap collision‐induced dissociation‐mass spectrometry (CID‐MS) experiments, along with complementary density functional theory calculations, on five beta blockers (acebutolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, and labetalol), to better understand the details of the pathways giving rise to the observed MS/MS patterns. Results from this work are contextualized within previously reported literature on these compounds. New insights into the formation of the characteristic product ion m/z 116 and the pathway leading to characteristic loss of 77 u are highlighted. We also present comparisons of breakdown curves obtained via qToF, quadrupole ion trap, and in‐source CID, allowing for differences between the data to be noted and providing a step toward allowing for improved selectivity of breakdown curves to be realized on simple instruments such as single quadrupoles or ion traps.
Mitophagy suppression by miquelianin‐rich lotus leaf extract induces ‘beiging’ of white fat via AMPK/DRP1‐PINK1/PARKIN signaling axis
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Yang Tian , Zeng Maomao , Wang Zhaojun , Chen Qiuming , Chen Jie , Christian Mark , He Zhiyong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf has been described to have anti‐obesity activity, but the role of white fat ‘browning’ or ‘beiging’ in its beneficial metabolic actions remains unclear. Here, 3T3‐L1 cells and high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐fed mice were used to evaluate the effects of miquelianin‐rich lotus leaf extract (LLE) on white‐to‐beige fat conversion and its regulatory mechanisms.ResultsTreatment with LLE increased mitochondrial abundance, mitochondrial membrane potential and NAD+/NADH ratio in 3T3‐L1 cells, suggesting its potential in promoting mitochondrial activity. qPCR and/or western blotting analysis confirmed that LLE induced the expression of beige fat‐enriched gene signatures (e.g. Sirt1, Cidea, Dio2, Prdm16, Ucp1, Cd40, Cd137, Cited1) and mitochondrial biogenesis‐related markers (e.g. Nrf1, Cox2, Cox7a, Tfam) in 3T3‐L1 cells and inguinal white adipose tissue of HFD‐fed mice. Furthermore, we found that LLE treatment inhibited mitochondrial fission protein DRP1 and blocked mitophagy markers such as PINK1, PARKIN, BECLIN1 and LC‐3B. Chemical inhibition experiments revealed that AMPK/DRP1 signaling was required for LLE‐induced beige fat formation via suppressing PINK1/PARKIN/mitophagy.ConclusionOur data reveal a novel mechanism underlying the anti‐obesity effect of LLE, namely the induction of white fat beiging via AMPK/DRP1/mitophagy signaling. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Disparities Between Prenatal Ultrasound and Autopsy Findings in Pregnancies Resulting in Fetal Loss
Authors: Kedar Sade Eliel , Lantsberg Daniel , Tagar Sar‐el Moriel , Gefen Sheizaf , Katorza Eldad 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to assess disparities between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings in pregnancies that resulted in fetal loss, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of prenatal ultrasound using postmortem examinations as a gold standard.MethodsOur study included 136 autopsy cases following a fetal loss that occurred at our tertiary medical center for 8 years. A comparison between the prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings was made, and all cases were classified according to the degree of agreement. The diagnostic performance of prenatal ultrasound was calculated at the level of organ system and specific malformations.ResultsThe primary sonographic diagnosis was confirmed in 91.9% of the cases (n = 125). General agreement was highest among central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems (85.7%, n = 36, 18, and 12, respectively) and lowest among facial, multiple anomalies, genitourinary and gastrointestinal systems (50.0%, 74.3%, 78.6%, and 80.0%, n = 2, 26, 11, and 4, respectively). The sensitivity of ultrasound was highest in the CNS (93.2%) and musculoskeletal (87.0%) and lowest in the facial (32.3%) and pulmonary (13.0%) systems. Specifically, low diagnostic rates were noted in detecting ventriculomegaly, valvular anomalies, renal dysplasia, spleen and adrenal anomalies, and digital and facial defects.ConclusionsOur study observed an overall high agreement between prenatal ultrasound and autopsy while contributing to our comprehensive understanding of its strengths and limitations across various types of organ systems and specific malformations.