bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Peak of the Fallback Rate from Tidal Disruption Events: Dependence on Stellar Type
Authors: Bandopadhyay Ananya , Fancher Julia , Athian Aluel , Indelicato Valentino , Kapalanga Sarah , Kumah Angela , Paradiso Daniel A. , Todd Matthew , Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A star completely destroyed in a tidal disruption event (TDE) ignites a luminous flare that is powered by the fallback of tidally stripped debris to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) of mass M
•. We analyze two estimates for the peak fallback rate in a TDE, one being the “frozen-in” model, which predicts a strong dependence of the time to peak fallback rate, t
peak, on both stellar mass and age, with 15 days ≲ t
peak ≲ 10 yr for main sequence stars with masses 0.2 ≤ M
⋆/M
⊙ ≤ 5 and M
• = 106
M
⊙. The second estimate, which postulates that the star is completely destroyed when tides dominate the maximum stellar self-gravity, predicts that t
peak is very weakly dependent on stellar type, with

t

peak

=

23.2
±
4.0

days

M

•

/

10

6

M

⊙

1

/

2

for 0.2 ≤ M
⋆/M
⊙ ≤ 5, while

t

peak

=

29.8
±
3.6

days

M

•

/

10

6

M

⊙

1

/

2

for a Kroupa initial mass function truncated at 1.5M
⊙. This second estimate also agrees closely with hydrodynamical simulations, while the frozen-in model is discrepant by orders of magnitude. We conclude that (1) the time to peak luminosity in complete TDEs is almost exclusively determined by SMBH mass, and (2) massive-star TDEs power the largest accretion luminosities. Consequently, (a) decades-long extra-galactic outbursts cannot be powered by complete TDEs, including massive-star disruptions, and (b) the most highly super-Eddington TDEs are powered by the complete disruption of massive stars, which—if responsible for producing jetted TDEs—would explain the rarity of jetted TDEs and their preference for young and star-forming host galaxies.
A Near-half-century Simulation of the Solar Corona
Authors: Aslanyan Valentin , Meyer Karen A. , Scott Roger B. , Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We present an overview of results from a magnetofrictional model of the entire solar corona over a period of 47 yr. The simulation self-consistently reproduces decades of solar phenomena, varying in duration between rapid eruptions and the long-term solar cycles, from an input of observed active regions emerging at the photosphere. We have developed a geometric approach to use magnetic helicity to identify and localize the frequent eruptions that occur in the simulation. This method allows us to match our results to extreme-ultraviolet observations of transient events. We have analyzed the evolving magnetic topology by computing the squashing factor and segmenting the corona into discrete magnetic domains bounded by the Separatrix-Web. The simulations show a more dynamic structure to the Separatrix-Web than is predicted by potential field models, which may explain solar wind observations.
Role, Knowledge, and Readiness of Medical Undergraduate Students and Factors Influencing their Willingness to Participate in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sahi Puneet Kaur , Gupta Arpita , Chakraborti Annesha , Mandal Anirban 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic placed a high demand for health-care professionals coupled with their decreased availability. In this study, we aimed to determine the medical students’ perception of their role and preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic and their knowledge of the same. We also determined the factors influencing the knowledge scores and willingness of medical students to help during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2021. Medical students in any year of their M.B.B.S, enrolled in various medical colleges across India, who spoke English and were able to fill out the predesigned online questionnaire, were eligible for participation after an implied informed consent.

Results:
Seven hundred and sixty-four responses were obtained from undergraduate medical students (32.5% 1st preclinical, 17.8% 2nd para-clinical, 29.1% 3rd clinical, and 20.6% 4th clinical) with representations from 20 different states of India. Among the respondents, 57.2% wanted to contribute to the management of the pandemic, although only 50.8% felt mentally ready and a paltry 2.2% felt knowledge ready. While 69.8% of respondents were ready to help in ways not requiring direct patient contact, 35.5% were willing to engage in direct patient contact. The average total knowledge score was 12.67/20. Students in Government Institutes (P < 0.00001), senior years (P < 0.0001), who received online training (P < 0.00006) and referred to reliable sources of information (P = 0.001) had better knowledge scores. Those in senior years (P < 0.0001), better knowledge scores (P = 0.0026), lesser fear of infecting themselves (P = 0.0004), and better mental readiness (P < 0.0001) were more willing to fight against the pandemic.

Conclusions:
Medical students may be deployed in tasks not involving direct patient contact amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Those who volunteer may be involved in supervised direct patient care. Students may be better equipped to fight the pandemic by online training and dissemination of knowledge through reliable sources with an emphasis on methods to protect self.
Study of Expression of p63 and Ki-67 in Normal, Dysplastic, and Malignant Lesions of Oral Mucosa
Authors: Shevra Chhaya Rani , Singh Mayank , Singh Bhupendra , Yadav Jitendra 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The oral cavity is the most common site of cancer in the Indian subcontinent contributing to one-third of all cancers. The prognosis of oral dysplasia and malignant lesions can be predicted by both clinicopathological parameters and molecular markers.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study was undertaken to examine and compare the expression profile of cell cycle regulatory proteins p63 and Ki-67 in normal dysplastic and malignant lesions of oral mucosa and its correlation with prognosis.

Settings and Design:
This was a retrospective case–control study in a tertiary referral center.

Materials and Methods:
We evaluated and compared the expression profile of antigens p63 and Ki-67 on 60 cases of histologically proven oral dysplastic and malignant lesions oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC – 35 cases), oral epithelial dysplasia (OED – 15 cases), and 10 cases of benign and inflammatory oral lesions.

Statistical Analysis:
Mean and standard deviation were calculated and ANOVA statistical test was used to compare the data.

Results:
The mean labeling index of p63 and KI-67 was higher in OSCC than OED and minimum in inflammatory (controls) groups.

Conclusion:
p63 expression had a positive correlation with Ki-67 expression. Thus, p63 and Ki-67 may be a marker for tumorigenesis and tumor cell proliferation.
Association of Socio-demographic Determinants with Quality of Life among Road Traffic Accident Victims
Authors: Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Kittu Devi , Bahurupi Yogesh A. , Vasudevan Kavita , Subramanian Sadhana 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Road traffic accidents are the sixth leading cause of death in India with a greater share of hospitalization, disabilities, deaths, and socio-economic losses.

Objectives:
To assess the socio-demographic determinants associated with quality-of-life among road traffic accident victims.

Methodology:
A community-based, longitudinal study was conducted for 2 years in South India. Simple random sampling was employed to include 169 accident victims. Baseline data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire on socio-demographic details and using SF-32. Follow-up was at the 6th and 12th month from the day of accident. Data entry and analysis were performed using Epi-data manager 4.2.0. Written informed consent from each participant was sought. Ethical clearance was obtained.

Results:
The mean ± standard deviation age of the subjects was found to be 36.2 ± 11.4 years. The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant incremental change in quality of life among the accident survivors at baseline, 6 and 12 months (P < 0.05). Socio-economic determinants such as education, occupation, marital status, and religion were found to be associated with different domains of quality of life. (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The improvement in the quality of life of the victims over 1-year period was found to be significant.
Why Some Patients Died at Home Due to COVID-19 in a Rural, Tribal Area of India?
Authors: Shah Shobha P. , Desai Shrey A. , Dave Kapilkumar J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
We conducted this study to understand the proportion of deaths that occurred at home and the factors associated with home deaths in a tribal rural area of Gujarat, India.

Materials and Methods:
We collected a list of all deaths that occurred during the study period from local authorities and triangulated the data. Data collectors (DCs) visited the houses of the deceased person and interviewed the relatives as well as local health-care providers. The DCs categorized each death as COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 death based on the World Health Organization standard definition. For each COVID-19 death, we filled pretested questionnaire (local language) to know the care-seeking behavior of deceased persons. Subsequently, we conducted in-depth interviews of relatives whose family members died of COVID-19 at home (or within 48 hr of admission to a health-care facility) to find reasons for not seeking care at a health-care facility.

Results:
The risk of home deaths was high among the scheduled tribe population, laborers, below poverty line cardholders, those who did not seek care from private practitioners, those who did not test for COVID-19, those who did not seek care from qualified care providers, and those seeking care to nonqualified care providers. Shortage of health-care facilities, cost of care, and stigma/fear of hospitals were the major factors associated with the care-seeking behavior of patients.

Conclusion:
The unavailability of critical care, testing facilities, lack of knowledge, high cost of care, and lack of trust in hospitals were the major causes of home deaths among COVID-19 patients.
Toxicological evaluation of Sargassum plagiophyllum extract in male mice
Authors: Tipbunjong Chittipong , Sengkhim Rattanaporn , Thantongsakul Sitthiwach , Peerakietkhajorn Saranya , Mayakun Jaruwan , Huipao Nawiya , Khuituan Pissared 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To provide valid scientific evidence for the safety of Sargassum plagiophyllum extract in an animal model.
Methods: Sargassum plagiophyllum extract (SPE) was obtained via water extraction using an autoclave at 121°C for 20 min. The SPE was administered to 4 groups of adult male mice via gavage once a day for 21 days. The treatment groups received different doses of SPE, i.e., 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg. Control mice were given distilled water. Body weight, and feed and water intakes were recorded. The toxicity of SPE was assessed by determining blood, biochemical, and histopathological indices.
Results: Intake of SPE for 21 days did not produce any impact on body mass, feed intake and water intake, even at 2000 mg/kg. Hematological parameters were also unaffected. Biochemical analysis of blood/serum revealed normal levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in all treatment groups, when compared to control group. Moreover, histopathological studies confirmed healthy conditions of the liver, kidney, colon, and other organs in all treatment groups.
Conclusion: These results from a mouse model provide basic scientific evidence of the safety of consuming Sargassum plagiophyllum extract, even at high doses thus expanding its potential use as a medication for improving health.
Effect of combining valsartan and amlodipine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by hypertension
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Niu Wenfang , Liu Chunling , Yin Xiuxiu 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of combining valsartan and amlodipine on patients who were co-morbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension.
Methods: The medical records of 110 patients treated in North China Electric Power University Hospital, Beijing, China from July 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Control group (CG; n = 50) was administered oral amlodipine (5 mg daily for 6 months), while the study group (SG; n = 60) received one tablet of co-formulated valsartan (80 mg)) and amlodipine (5 mg) daily for 6 months. All the patients, in addition to the above drugs, were also placed on insulin and atorvastatin calcium. After a 6-month treatment period, the therapeutic effect and incidence of adverse effects were compared between CG and SG. Blood glucose-related indices (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG)) and blood pressure indices, viz, (diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP)) were compared.
Results: Compared to the pre-treatment values, both groups showed significant decrease in 2 h PG, FBG, HbA1c, SBP and DBP after treatment (p < 0.05), but the 2 h PG, FBG, HbA1c, SBP and DBP in SG were significantly lower in comparison to CG (p < 0.05). The overall response rate (ORR) of CG was significantly lower in comparison to SG (p < 0.05). In SG, there was significant reduction in the incidence of adverse effects compared to CG (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The combination of valsartan and amlodipine is effective in treating T2DM co-morbid with hypertension, and satisfactorily controls blood glucose level and blood pressure with a relatively high level of safety. Further experiments would be required to ascertain the reliability of these findings.
Effect of Dentong Xiaoyanling and tinidazole gargle on periodontal parameters in chronic periodontitis, gingival sulcus factor and oral health
Authors: Xu Junxian , Lu Lanfang 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of concentrated tinidazole gargle combined with Dentong Xiaoyanling on chronic periodontitis.
Methods: Ninety-six (96) patients with chronic periodontitis admitted in Chun’an County Traditional Chinese Hospital, Qiandaohu Town, China between January 2021 and December 2022 were randomly divided into two groups: control group (treated with concentrated tinidazole gargle) and study group (treated with concentrated tinidazole gargle + Dentong Xiaoyanling). Periodontal indicators, Gingival sulcus factor (GSF), oral health status, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.
Results: There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in periodontal indicators, GSF or oral health score between the two groups prior to therapy. However, following treatment with Dentong Xiaoyanling and/or concentrated tinidazole gargle, the periodontal indicators, GSF and oral health score of the two groups reduced significantly (p < 0.05), with more pronounced reductions in the study group. Clinical efficacy in the group treated with a combination of concentrated tinidazole gargle and Dentong Xiaoyanling was 91.67 %, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of control group (75 %). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups pre- and post-treatment (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: Treating chronic periodontitis with concentrated tinidazole gargle + Dentong Xiaoyanling alleviates local inflammatory reaction of gums, enhances recovery from symptoms and improves oral health. Future approaches will require a larger sample size from diverse clinical settings to confirm the effectiveness of this approach.
Effect of peri operative whole high quality nursing care on psychological status, vital signs and anesthetic medication of patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy : A systematic review and meta analysis
Authors: Huang Qian , Li Yu , Luo Xi , Luo Rong , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2024

Purpose: To investigate the impact of perioperative whole high-quality nursing care on psychological status, vital signs and anesthetic medication of patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy, and also to provide a reference for reducing adverse risks and improving safety of painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Methods: Databases such as Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were retrieved. Literature was selected based on established standards, and quality evaluations were performed to extract required data. Finally, 13 pieces of literature were included for meta-analysis of relevant data.
Results: In a meta-analysis of 13 relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), patients receiving high-quality perioperative nursing care experienced significant improvements in self-reported anxiety and depression levels, vital signs indicators such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate, as well as decrease in narcotic drug dosage. Diagnosis and treatment time also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of respiratory depression was reduced (p < 0.00001).
Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests that perioperative high-quality nursing care alleviates the psychological stress of patients with painless gastrointestinal endoscopy, reduces the amount of anesthesia, and effectively reduces application time of endoscopy
Volumetric modulated arc therapy as an alternative to intensity modulated radiotherapy for primary tumors of advanced non small cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective analy sis based on propensity score matching
Authors: Liu Jie Nhan , Li Tao , Wang Xiaohu Nhan , Su Shengfa , Li Qingsong , Geng Yichao , Yang Wengang , Chen Xiaxia , Ouyang Weiwei , Zhang Wei , Lu Bing 
Published: January 2024

In the earlier published article, the affiliations of the first author were not completely provided. The correct affiliations are provided above.

New citation: Liu J, Li T, Wang X, Su S, Li Q, Yang W, et al. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy as an alternative to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for primary tumors of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective analysis based on propensity score matching. Trop J Pharm Res 2022; 21(10):2233-2240 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v21i10.26 Erratum: 2023; 22(11): 2415 doi:10.4314/tjpr.v22i11.23

Earlier citation: Liu J, Li T, Wang X, Su S, Li Q, Yang W, et al. Volumetric-modulated arc therapy as an alternative to intensity-modulated radiotherapy for primary tumors of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A multicenter retrospective analysis based on propensity score matching. Trop J Pharm Res 2022; 21(10):2233-2240 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v21i10.26
Near chromosome-level and highly repetitive genome assembly of the snake pipefish Entelurus aequoreus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae)
Authors: Wolf Magnus , Ferrette Bruno Lopes da Silva , Coimbra Raphael T. F. , de Jong Menno , Nebenführ Marcel , Prochotta David , Schöneberg Yannis , Zapf Konstantin , Rosenbaum Jessica , Mc Intyre Hannah A. , Maier Julia , de Souza Clara C. S. , Gehlhaar Lucas M. , Werner Melina J. , Oechler Henrik , Wittekind Marie , Sonnewald Moritz , Nilsson Maria A. , Janke Axel , Winter Sven 
Published: January 2024

The snake pipefish, Entelurus aequoreus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a northern Atlantic fish inhabiting open seagrass environments that recently expanded its distribution range. Here, we present a highly contiguous, near chromosome-scale genome of E. aequoreus. The final assembly spans 1.6 Gbp in 7,391 scaffolds, with a scaffold N50 of 62.3 Mbp and L50 of 12. The 28 largest scaffolds (>21 Mbp) span 89.7% of the assembly length. A BUSCO completeness score of 94.1% and a mapping rate above 98% suggest a high assembly completeness. Repetitive elements cover 74.93% of the genome, one of the highest proportions identified in vertebrates. Our demographic modeling identified a peak in population size during the last interglacial period, suggesting the species might benefit from warmer water conditions. Our updated snake pipefish assembly is essential for future analyses of the morphological and molecular changes unique to the Syngnathidae.
Uji Kualitas Fisik Es Krim dengan Penambahan Tepung Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Authors: Yusmaniar Yusmaniar , Faridah Rajmi , Hermawansyah Hermawansyah 
Published: January 2024

Perkembangan penerapan bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) pada pengolahan makanan belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Upaya yang mungkin dilakukan adalah penggunaan bunga telang sebagai pewarna biru alami dalam produksi es krim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepung bunga telang terhadap nilai fisik (overrun dan resistensi pelelehan) es krim. Penelitaian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan (0%, 5%,10% dan 15% penambahan tepung bunga telang) dan 3 kali ulangan. Parameter yang diukur yaitu overrun dan resistensi pelelehanHasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung bunga telang pada es krim berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap overrun dan resistensi pelelehan. Nilai overrun dan resitensi tertinggi pada perlakuan yaitu pada penambahan 15% tepung bunga telang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu peningkatan konsentrasi penambahan tepung bunga telang dalam pembuatan es krim menyebabkan overrum es krim bunga telang meningkat dan memperlambat daya lelehnya.
How might Low Carb and Ketogenic Diets affect the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Chou Josephine , Frassetto Lynda 
Published: January 2024

Background: Obesity, an ever-increasing cause for deaths in the American population, often leads to complications such as Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Both obesity and diabetes predispose to renal disease, which can be ameliorated by treatment of both disorders. Ketogenic and Low Carb diets (KD/LCD) can lower blood sugar of T2DM patients and accelerate weight loss. Diet is a potential factor in slowing the rate of decline in kidney function. Yet, high diet acid loads, as from keto acid, may promote renal damage. Here, we evaluate existing studies on the benefits or harms of KD/LCD on factors associated with renal disease progression.
Methods: Reviews and analysis of existing studies on chronic kidney disease and Ketogenic diets. We analyzed eGFR, the measure of the rate of change in decline of renal function to infer the effects of Ketogenic and Low Carb diets.
Results: Nine of the 22 papers reviewed were analyzed. Studies included from 18 to 1797 participants and included healthy subjects, those with diabetes and /or obesity, and those with normal renal function or moderate kidney failure (eGRF ranged from 94 ± 12 mL/min/ to 40 ml/min/1.73m2). Study duration ranged from 5 weeks to 6 years. Several studies demonstrated improvements, including decreases in serum creatinine, urinary albumin, weight loss, and eGFR.
Conclusions: Renal function improved in shorter studies of diabetics who demonstrated weight loss. Longer studies or those in nondiabetics demonstrated no change in renal function.