bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infections in the Neutropenic Patient— New Views of an Old Problem
Authors: Donowitz Gerald R. , Maki Dennis G. , Crnich Christopher J. , Pappas Peter G. , Rolston Kenneth V.I. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Infection in the neutropenic patient has remained a major clinical challenge for over three decades. While diagnostic and therapeutic interventions have improved greatly during this period, increases in the number of patients with neutropenia, changes in the etiologic agents involved, and growing antibiotic resistance have continued to be problematic.
The evolving etiology of infections in this patient population is reviewed by Dr. Donowitz. Presently accepted antibiotic regimens and practices are discussed, along with ongoing controversies.
In Section II, Drs. Maki and Crnich discuss line-related infection, which is a major infectious source in the neutropenic. Defining true line-related bloodstream infection remains a challenge despite the fact that various methods to do so exist. Means of prevention of line related infection, diagnosis, and therapy are reviewed.
Fungal infection continues to perplex the infectious disease clinician and hematologist/oncologist. Diagnosis is difficult, and many fungal infections will lead to increased mortality even with rapid diagnosis and therapy. In Section III, Dr. Pappas reviews the major fungal etiologies of infection in the neutropenic patient and the new anti-fungals that are available to treat them.
Finally, Dr. Rolston reviews the possibility of outpatient management of neutropenic fever. Recognizing that neutropenics represent a heterogeneous group of patients, identification of who can be treated as an outpatient and with what antibiotics are discussed.
Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Ginsberg Jeffrey A. , Crowther Mark A. , White Richard H. , Ortel Thomas L. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Despite refinements and standardization in the use of anticoagulants, many problems remain for clinicians. Dr. Crowther describes appropriate starting and maintenance doses of warfarin, factors accounting for inter- and intra-observer variability and importantly, the management of the over-anticoagulated patients and bleeding patients. Dr. White compares unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and addresses whether there truly are differences in the efficacy and safety of different LMWH's for both arterial and venous indications. Dr. Ortel discusses the management of the problem patient who requires anticoagulants, the management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, the pregnant patient, the obese patient, patients who have renal insufficiency and/or liver disease, patients with malignant disease, and other challenging patient populations.
A Guide to Planning Careers in Hematology and Oncology
Authors: Todd Robert F. 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Numerous opportunities exist for successful careers in the fields of hematology and oncology. Trainees must choose between dedicated training in one or both disciplines, and between careers in private practice or academic medicine. Individuals who favor academic careers must decide between patient-oriented clinical investigation and laboratory research. This article addresses the factors that influence these decisions and inform trainees about critical elements of the training experience that foster successful career development in academic medicine and private practice. Counsel on employment opportunities is provided along with advice on evaluating the merits of employment offers.
Diaphorase/Naphthoquinone Derivative-modified Electrode as an Anode for Diffusion-controlled Oxidation of NADH in Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Sato Atsushi , Kano Kenji , Ikeda Tokuji 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Diaphorase and 2-amino-3-carboxy-1,4-naphthoquinone as an enzyme and a mediator for NADH oxidation, respectively, were successfully co-immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode with poly-l-lysine and glutaraldehyde as a polymer support and a cross-linking reagent, respectively. The diffusion-controlled oxidation of NADH (10 mM) was achieved around −0.25 V vs Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat.).
[CoII(phimpy)2](ClO4)2 and [CoII(ipimpy)2](ClO4)2: New Cobalt(II) Spin Crossover Compounds, and the Role of the Ligand Flexibility in Spin Transition Behavior
Authors: Juhász Gergely , Hayami Shinya , Inoue Katsuya , Maeda Yonezo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
New spin-crossover compounds, [Co(phimpy)2](ClO4)2 (1) and [Co(ipimpy)2](ClO4)2 (2) (phimpy = 2,6-bis(N-phenylformimidoyl)pyridine and ipimpy = 2,6-bis(isopropyliminomethyl)pyridine) were prepared, and the crystal structures were determined. The magnetic susceptibility measurements showed gradual transition for both compounds, despite the strong intermolecular π stacking in 1.
Polygenic Risk in Families With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Tarr Ingrid , Hesselson Stephanie , Troup Michael , Young Paul , Thompson Jamie-Lee , McGrath-Cadell Lucy , Fatkin Diane , Dunwoodie Sally L. , Muller David W. M. , Iismaa Siiri E. , Kovacic Jason C. , Graham Robert M. , Giannoulatou Eleni 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a poorly understood cause of acute coronary syndrome that predominantly affects women. Evidence to date suggests a complex genetic architecture, while a family history is reported for a minority of cases.ObjectiveTo determine the contribution of rare and common genetic variants to SCAD risk in familial cases, the latter via the comparison of a polygenic risk score (PRS) with those with sporadic SCAD and healthy controls.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis genetic association study analyzed families with SCAD, individuals with sporadic SCAD, and healthy controls. Genotyping was undertaken for all participants. Participants were recruited between 2017 and 2021. A PRS for SCAD was calculated for all participants. The presence of rare variants in genes associated with connective tissue disorders (CTD) was also assessed. Individuals with SCAD were recruited via social media or from a single medical center. A previously published control database of older healthy individuals was used. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to October 2023.ExposuresPRS for SCAD comprised of 7 single-nucleotide variants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDisease status (familial SCAD, sporadic SCAD, or healthy control) associated with PRS.ResultsA total of 13 families with SCAD (27 affected and 12 unaffected individuals), 173 individuals with sporadic SCAD, and 1127 healthy controls were included. A total of 188 individuals with SCAD (94.0%) were female, including 25 of 27 with familial SCAD and 163 of 173 with sporadic SCAD; of 12 unaffected individuals from families with SCAD, 6 (50%) were female; and of 1127 healthy controls, 672 (59.6%) were female. Compared with healthy controls, the odds of being an affected family member or having sporadic SCAD was significantly associated with a SCAD PRS (where the odds ratio [OR] represents an increase in odds per 1-SD increase in PRS) (affected family member: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.78-2.50; adjusted P = 1.96 × 10−4; sporadic SCAD: OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.37-1.89; adjusted P = 5.69 × 10−4). This association was not seen for unaffected family members (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.46-1.61; adjusted P = .91) compared with controls. Further, those with familial SCAD were overrepresented in the top quintile of the control PRS distribution (OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 2.93-4.47; adjusted P = .001); those with sporadic SCAD showed a similar pattern (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.98-3.04; adjusted P = .001). Affected individuals within a family did not share any rare deleterious variants in CTD-associated genes.Conclusions and RelevanceExtreme aggregation of common genetic risk appears to play a significant role in familial clustering of SCAD as well as in sporadic case predisposition, although further study is required.
An Automated System for Physician Trainee Procedure Logging via Electronic Health Records
Authors: Kwan Brian , Engel Jeffery , Steele Brian , Oyama Leslie , Longhurst Christopher A. , El–Kareh Robert , Daniel Michelle , Goldberg Charles , Clay Brian 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceProcedural proficiency is a core competency for graduate medical education; however, procedural reporting often relies on manual workflows that are duplicative and generate data whose validity and accuracy are difficult to assess. Failure to accurately gather these data can impede learner progression, delay procedures, and negatively impact patient safety.ObjectiveTo examine accuracy and procedure logging completeness of a system that extracts procedural data from an electronic health record system and uploads these data securely to an application used by many residency programs for accreditation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis quality improvement study of all emergency medicine resident physicians at University of California, San Diego Health was performed from May 23, 2023, to June 25, 2023.ExposuresAutomated system for procedure data extraction and upload to a residency management software application.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe number of procedures captured by the automated system when running silently compared with manually logged procedures in the same timeframe, as well as accuracy of the data upload.ResultsForty-seven residents participated in the initial silent assessment of the extraction component of the system. During a 1-year period (May 23, 2022, to May 7, 2023), 4291 procedures were manually logged by residents, compared with 7617 procedures captured by the automated system during the same period, representing a 78% increase. During assessment of the upload component of the system (May 8, 2023, to June 25, 2023), a total of 1353 procedures and patient encounters were evaluated, with the system operating with a sensitivity of 97.4%, specificity of 100%, and overall accuracy of 99.5%.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study of emergency medicine resident physicians, an automated system demonstrated that reliance on self-reported procedure logging resulted in significant procedural underreporting compared with the use of data obtained at the point of performance. Additionally, this system afforded a degree of reliability and validity heretofore absent from the usual after-the-fact procedure logging workflows while using a novel application programming interface–based approach. To our knowledge, this system constitutes the first generalizable implementation of an automated solution to a problem that has existed in graduate medical education for decades.
Feedforward Photoadaptive Organic Neuromorphic Transistor with Mixed‐Weight Plasticity for Augmenting Perception
Authors: Gao Changsong , Liu Di , Xu Chenhui , Bai Junhua , Li Enlong , Zhang Xianghong , Zhu Xiaoting , Hu Yuanyuan , Lin Zhixian , Guo Tailiang , Chen Huipeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic photoelectric neuromorphic devices that mimic the brain are widely explored for advanced perceptual computing. However, current individual neuromorphic synaptic devices mainly focus on utilizing linear models to process optoelectronic signals, which means that there is a lack of effective response to nonlinear structural information from the real world, severely limiting the computational efficiency and adaptability of networks to static and dynamic information. Here, a feedforward photoadaptive organic neuromorphic transistor with mixed‐weight plasticity is reported. By introducing the potential of the space charge to couple gate potential, photoexcitation, and photoinhibition occur successively in the channel under the interference of constant light intensity, which enables the device to transform from a linear model to a nonlinear model. As a result, the device exhibits a dynamic range of over 100 dB, exceeding the currently reported similar neuromorphic synaptic devices. Further, the device achieves adaptive tone mapping within 5 s for static information and achieves over 90% robustness recognition accuracy for dynamic information. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy for developing advanced neuromorphic devices and has great potential in the fields of intelligent driving and brain‐like computing.
Reversion of ACP Nanoparticles into Prenucleation Clusters via Surfactant for Promoting Biomimetic Mineralization: A Physicochemical Understanding of Biosurfactant Role in Biomineralization Process
Authors: Shen Dongni , Zhou Zihuai , Xu Yuedan , Shao Changyu , Shi Ying , Zhao Weijia , Tang Ruikang , Pan Haihua , Yu Mengfei , Hannig Matthias , Fu Baiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAmphiphilic biomolecules are abundant in mineralization front of biological hard tissues, which play a vital role in osteogenesis and dental hard tissue formation. Amphiphilic biomolecules function as biosurfactants, however, their biosurfactant role in biomineralization process has never been investigated. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that aggregated amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles can be reversed into dispersed ultrasmall prenucleation clusters (PNCs) via breakdown and dispersion of the ACP nanoparticles by a surfactant. The reduced surface energy of ACP@TPGS and the electrostatic interaction between calcium ions and the pair electrons on oxygen atoms of C‐O‐C of D‐α‐tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) provide driving force for breakdown and dispersion of ACP nanoparticles into ultrasmall PNCs which promote in vitro and in vivo biomimetic mineralization. The ACP@TPGS possesses excellent biocompatibility without any irritations to oral mucosa and dental pulp. This study not only introduces surfactant into biomimetic mineralization field, but also excites attention to the neglected biosurfactant role during biomineralization process.
Strongly Confined and Spectrally Tunable CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots for Deep Blue QD‐LEDs
Authors: Ding Pengbo , Ko Pui Kei , Geng Pai , Chen Dezhang , Xing Zengshan , Tsang Hoi Lam Tammy , Wong Kam Sing , Guo Liang , Halpert Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite recent advances, it is still difficult to fabricate deep blue‐emitting perovskite light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) that are immune to the color instability caused by halide mixing. This is largely because it is still challenging to achieve bright, stable, pure bromide perovskite materials with deep blue emission. Here, a novel strategy is reported for synthesizing ultrasmall CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) under ambient conditions. Precise size control is used to tune the peak emission wavelengths, via the confinement effect, from 433 to 501 nm. These ultrasmall QDs, with sizes of 2–6 nm, exhibit ultralow trap density and stable photoluminescence quantum yields up to 94%, particularly in the deep blue spectral region (440–465 nm). QD‐LEDs fabricated with these materials achieve an external quantum efficiency of 1.0% at 459 nm. The exceptional control of the emission properties demonstrated here suggests a new strategy for building stable, efficient blue QD‐LEDs.
Exosomal circ_0032704 confers sorafenib resistance to hepatocellular carcinoma and contributes to cancer malignant progression by modulating the miR‐514a‐3p/PD‐L1 pathway
Authors: Dou Chengyun , Zhu Hongbo , Xie Xia , Huang Cuiqin , Tan Hui , Cao Chuangjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to explore the role of circ_0032704 in sorafenib‐resistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThe expression of circ_0032704, miR‐514a‐3p, and programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) mRNA was detected by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). The expression of multidrug resistant‐related proteins, migration/invasion‐related proteins, exosome‐related proteins, and PD‐L1 protein was detected by western blot. Cell viability was detected by CCK‐8 assay. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed by EdU assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. The binding between miR‐514a‐3p and circ_0032704 or PD‐L1 was verified by RIP assay, pull‐down assay, and dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Cell‐ or serum‐derived exosomes were isolated and identified by TEM and NTA. Xenograft models were established to determine the effect of circ_0032704 on drug resistance in vivo.ResultsCirc_0032704 was overexpressed in sorafenib‐resistant HCC tissues and cells. Circ_0032704 knockdown reduced sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells, while these effects were reversed by PD‐L1 overexpression. We found that circ_0032704 positively regulated PD‐L1 expression via targeting miR‐514a‐3p. Exosomes with circ_0032704 inhibition reduced sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of sorafenib‐resistant HCC cells. Exosomes with circ_0032704 inhibition also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. The expression of circ_0032704 in exosomes was stable and possessed diagnostic value.ConclusionCirc_0032704 enhanced sorafenib resistance in HCC and promoted the malignant development of sorafenib‐resistant HCC. Circ_0032704 could be transported by exosomes, and exosomal circ_0032704 had diagnostic value.
Early diagnostic clues of mucolipidosis type II: Significance of radiological findings
Authors: Burgac Ezgi , Kaplan İrem , Köseci Burcu , Kara Esra , Kor Deniz , Bulut Fatma Derya , Atmış Anıl , Pişkin Ferhatcan , Tuğ Bozdoğan Sevcan , Urel Demir Gizem , İncecik Faruk , Önenli Mungan Neslihan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMucolipidosis type‐II (ML‐II) is an ultra‐rare disorder caused by deficiency of N‐acetylglucosaminyl‐1‐phosphotransferase enzyme due to biallelic pathogenic variants in GNPTAB gene. There are a few known about the natural history of ML‐II. In this study, we presented the natural course of 24 patients diagnosed with ML‐II. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.3 ± 5.7 months. All patients had coarse face, developmental delay, and hypotonia. The mean survival time was 3.01 ± 1.4 years. The oldest patient was 6.5 years old. Twelve patients died due to lung infection and respiratory failure. We observed early and significant radiological findings of ML‐II were different from typical dysostosis multiplex such as femoral cloaking, rickets‐like changes, and talocalcaneal stippling. These are significant findings observed in the fetal or newborn period which is considered to be highly characteristic of ML‐II and disappears in the first year. Cloaking, rickets‐like changes, and stippling were not observed in patients older than three months of age and this suggests that these findings disappear within the first year. These radiological features can be used as important clues for diagnosis. We detected eight different pathogenic variants in GNPTAB gene, three of them were novel.
Naturally occurring splice variants dissect the functional domains of BHC80 and emphasize the need for RNA analysis
Authors: Hejla Duha , Huynh Stephanie , Samra Simran , Richmond Phillip A. , Dalmann Joshua , Del Bel Kate L. , Byres Loryn , Lehman Anna , Turvey Stuart E. , Boerkoel Cornelius F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPathogenic PHF21A variation causes PHF21A‐related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Although amorphic alleles, including haploinsufficiency, have been established as a disease mechanism, increasing evidence suggests that missense variants as well as frameshift variants extending the BHC80 carboxyl terminus also cause disease. Expanding on these, we report a proposita with intellectual disability and overgrowth and a novel de novo heterozygous PHF21A splice variant (NM_001352027.3:c.[153+1G>C];[=]) causing skipping of exon 6, which encodes an in‐frame BHC80 deletion (p.(Asn30_Gln51del)). This deletion disrupts a predicted leucine zipper domain and implicates this domain in BHC80 function and as a target of variation causing PHF21A‐related NDDs. This extension of understanding emphasizes the application of RNA analysis in precision genomic medicine practice.
Relevance of various components present in plant protein ingredients for lipid oxidation in emulsions
Authors: Münch Katharina , Schroën Karin , Berton‐Carabin Claire 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlant protein ingredients (isolates, concentrates) are increasingly used for food formulation due to their low environmental impact compared to animal‐based proteins. A specific application is food emulsions, of which the physical and oxidative stability need to be supported. The emulsifying properties of diverse plant proteins have already been largely covered in literature, whereas only in a few studies the chemical stability of such emulsions was addressed, especially regarding lipid oxidation. In the few examples available mostly the effects caused by proteins were elaborated, whereas those caused by non‐protein components have hardly been considered. Yet, plant protein ingredients are characterized by high compositional complexity, with notably a plethora of non‐protein components. Topics covered in this review, therefore, include the composition of various types of plant protein ingredients (i.e., legumes, oil seeds) in relation to the fractionation processes used, and the potential effects on lipid oxidation in emulsions. The composition varies greatly among species and depends on the harvest conditions (i.e., year, location), and genetics. In addition, fractionation processes may lead to the accumulation or dilution of components, and induce chemical changes. Both protein and non‐protein components can act as pro‐ or antioxidants contingent on their concentration and/or location in emulsions. Since the chemical composition of plant protein ingredients is often hardly reported, this makes a‐priori prediction of an overall effect difficult, if not impossible. Standardizing the fractionation process and the starting material, as well as in‐depth characterization of the resulting fractions, are highly recommended when aiming at rationally designing food emulsions.
Bemessung von CFK‐verstärkten Holzkanteln für Fensterprofile
Authors: Hofstetter Rolf 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMit dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Bemessungskonzept von CFK‐verstärkten Holzkanteln für Fensterprofile vorgestellt bzw. erarbeitet. Infolge der gestiegenen Kosten für Holz und Baustoffe sowie der zunehmenden gestalterischen und architektonischen Anforderungen an eine filigrane Bauweise von Fensterkonstruktionen wird es erforderlich, die Querschnitte der Fensterprofile zu verkleinern bzw. zu verringern und so schmal wie möglich zu halten. Eine gute Möglichkeit hierfür bilden laminierte, zusammengesetzte Holzquerschnitte, die unter Einsatz von CFK‐Lamellen verstärkt werden können. So kann eine hohe Tragfähigkeit bei einer gleichzeitig schmalen bzw. geringen Querschnittsabmessung der Fensterprofile erreicht werden. Basierend auf allgemein anerkannten Berechnungsansätzen wird nachfolgend ein konservatives Bemessungsverfahren vorgestellt, welches die Tragfähigkeit des Verbundquerschnitts abbilden kann.