bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral problems in old dogs: 26 cases (1984-1987)
Authors: Chapman Barbara L. , Voith Victoria L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Among 26 dogs ≥ 10 years old, the most frequent owner complaints relating to behavioral problems were destructive behavior in the house (n = 10), inappropriate urination or defecation in the house (n = 10), and excessive vocalization (n = 7). The most frequent behavioral diagnoses were separation anxiety (n = 13) and breakdown of housetraining (n = 6). Most of the behavioral problems in the 26 dogs began after the dogs reached the age of 10 years, and most of the dogs had been owned for many years without having behavioral problems. Few behavioral problems in old dogs had a medical basis. Most cases of inappropriate urination or defecation in the house were not related to urinary or fecal incontinence, but were exacerbated by problems such as degenerative joint disease and renal disease. Behavioral therapy is appropriate for behavioral problems in old dogs, and, taking into account an old dog's health and physical limitations, techniques used are the same as for younger dogs.
Changes in accessory sex glands of stallions after sexual preparation and ejaculation
Authors: Weber J. A. , Geary R. T. , Woods G. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ultrasonographic images of the accessory sex glands of 8 stallions were recorded immediately prior to sexual preparation, immediately after sexual preparation, and immediately after ejaculation. Relative size changes, determined by measurements of ultrasonograms of accessory sex glands, were contrasted. Length and width of the bulbourethral glands increased significantly (P < 0.05) after sexual preparation and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after ejaculation. The increase in bulbourethral gland volume following sexual preparation was correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with the number of false mounts attempted by stallions during sexual preparation. Diameter of the pelvic portion of the urethra did not change significantly (P > 0.05) after sexual preparation or after ejaculation. Prostate gland lobular and isthmic thickness increased significantly (P < 0.05) after sexual preparation and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after ejaculation. Total and lumenal diameter of the ampullae increased significantly (P < 0.05) after sexual preparation and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after ejaculation. Diameter of the ampulla wall did not change significantly (P > 0.05) after sexual preparation or ejaculation. Reduction of the lumenal area of the ampullae after ejaculation was not correlated (P > 0.05) to concentration of spermatozoa or total spermatozoa per ejaculate. Total and lumenal diameters of the vesicular glands increased significantly (P < 0.05) after sexual preparation and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after ejaculation. Diameter of the vesicular gland wall did not change significantly (P > 0.05) after sexual preparation or ejaculation. The decrease in the diameter of the vesicular gland lumen after ejaculation was correlated (P < 0.05) to the volume of gel in the ejaculate.
The accessory sex glands of 4 stallions were measured by 3 experienced ultrasound operators and 3 inexperienced ultrasound operators. There was no significant (P > 0.05) effect of operator or experience level on dimensions measured.
Use of ivermectin for treatment of ear mite infestation in rabbits
Authors: Curtis Stephen K. , Housley Regina , Brooks Dale L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ivermectin was used to treat ear mite infestation in 480 rabbits in 2 commercial rabbitries. Ivermectin (cattle formulation) injected sc at a dosage of 400 to 440 μg/kg of body weight repeated in 18 days appeared to be safe and effective in reducing the prevalence of ear mites in naturally infested rabbits.
Measurement of conchal atrophy and pneumonic lesions and their association with growth rate in commingled feeder pigs
Authors: Cowart Ross P. , Lipsey R. Jarold , Hedrick Harold B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A group of 85 commingled feeder pigs was fed on a totally confined feeding floor until slaughter. Mean daily weight gain was calculated for each pig. At slaughter, the nose of each pig was cross-sectioned and scored for conchal atrophy by use of 2 methods. One method ascribed a score based on a linear measurement of the distance between the ventral scroll of the ventral conchae and the ventral floor of the nasal cavity. The other method ascribed a score based on a subjective evaluation of the degree of conchal degeneration according to previously published guidelines. The amount of pulmonary consolidation attributable to pneumonia was also estimated for each pig.
Association was not found between growth rate and conchal atrophy, as determined by linear measurement scores. A negative correlation existed between growth rate and conchal atrophy, as determined by subjective evaluation scores. Pigs with extensive pneumonic lesions (consolidation of 20 to 30% of total lung volume) grew slower than pigs with milder pneumonic lesions. Results of this study indicate that subjective evaluation scores of conchal atrophy may be more useful in predicting growth rate than are linear measurement scores.
Results of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: 201 cases (1969-1988)
Authors: Birchard Stephen J. , Bonagura John D. , Fingland Roger B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Surgical treatment of 201 dogs with patent ductus arteriosus at the College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University was evaluated retrospectively to determine risk factors for development of surgical complications. During surgery, 15 dogs (7%) died because of hemorrhage associated with ductus dissection (n = 8), pulmonary edema (n = 4), ventricular fibrillation (n = 1), hemorrhage not associated with ductus dissection (n = 1), and cardiac arrest immediately after ductus ligation (n = 1). An additional 8 dogs (4%) died <1 month after surgery (total mortality before, during, and immediately after surgery, 11%). Nineteen dogs (9.5%) developed hemorrhage during surgery. Sixteen dogs developed complications other than hemorrhage (pulmonary edema [n = 4], cardiac arrest [n = 4], iatrogenic lung trauma [n = 3], ventricular fibrillation [n = 2], septicemia [n = 2], and recanalized ductus [n = 2]). Correlation was not found between age, sex, body weight, surgical technique (Jackson method vs standard method of dissection), or surgeon level of training and development of hemorrhage during surgery, other complications, or survival <5 days. Positive correlation (P < 0.05) was found between hemorrhage and death within 5 days after surgery. Positive correlation (P < 0.05) was also found between other complications and death within 5 days after surgery. Nineteen dogs survived surgery, but later died of unrelated causes (mean life span, 57 months); 63 of the dogs were still alive and doing well as of January 1990 (mean life span, 47 months after surgery).
Contrary to previous reports, age, body weight, and surgical technique did not affect results. Surgical complications were uncommon, but frequently resulted in death. Long-term survival was likely if surgical complications did not develop.
Epidemiologic factors, clinical findings, and vaccination status of rabies in cats and dogs in the United States in 1988
Authors: Eng Thomas R. , Fishbein Daniel B. , _ _ 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Despite the availability of rabies vaccination through private veterinarians and government-sponsored rabies control programs, rabies was reported in an average of 338 cats and dogs per year from 1980 through 1987 in the United States. Information was collected on 90% of the 183 cats and 97% of the 119 dogs that were reported to have rabies in the continental United States in 1988. The median age of rabid cats and dogs was 1 year, and 81% were from rural areas. Compared with rabid cats, rabid dogs were more likely to have been male (66 vs 42%, odds ratio = 2.6), to have been kept as pets (84 vs 43%, odds ratio = 6.8), and to have had reported contact with wildlife before onset of illness (38 vs 14%, odds ratio = 3.8). Rabid cats accounted for a greater proportion of human rabies postexposure prophylaxis, bites to people, and exposures to other animals than did rabid dogs. Although the clinical signs of rabies varied, rabid cats were more likely than dogs to have had aggressive behavior (55 vs 31%, odds ratio = 2.8). In contrast, rabid dogs were more likely than cats to have had an illness consistent with a paralytic process. The median period between onset of illness and death was 3 days (range, < 1 to 10) in rabid cats and dogs that were allowed to die of rabies. Vaccine failures were documented in 3 (1%) rabid animals (2 cats and 1 dog). All animals had received only a single dose of vaccine in their lifetime and were vaccinated when they were between 3 and 6 months old.
Prevalence and geographic distribution of Fanconi syndrome in Basenjis in the United States
Authors: Noonan Charles H. B. , Kay Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A survey was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of Fanconi syndrome in Basenjis and to determine in which geographic regions the greatest number of affected dogs resided.
A thousand questionnaires were distributed nationally, and 624 (62%) were returned. Through this survey, prevalence, geographic distribution, and breeder involvement were successfully correlated with the overall association of the disease with the Basenji breed.
Ten percent (96/959) of all Basenjis involved in the survey had Fanconi syndrome. Half (50%; 48/96) of the Basenjis affected were between 4 and 8 years old. Seventy-six percent (44/58) of owners of Basenjis with Fanconi syndrome were breeding their dogs, and 93% (52/56) had owned other Basenjis before the survey was conducted. Females outnumbered males (3:1) in frequency of the disease. This ratio reflected the higher breeder participation in the survey, rather than being a true gender predilection for the disease.
Evaluation of systemic administration of gentamicin for treatment of coliform mastitis in cows
Authors: Jones Gary F. , Ward G.E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Recovery of cows (n = 61) with mastitis caused by gram-negative bacteria and treated systemically with an antibiotic (gentamicin) to which the bacteria were susceptible in vitro, was compared with recovery of cows (n = 13) with similar infections treated with a systemically administered antibiotic (erythromycin) to which the bacteria were resistant in vitro or with recovery of cows (n = 12) not given an antibiotic systemically. In the first part of the study, cows were selected for treatment groups by use of a diagnostic scheme designed to predict whether the mastitis was caused by gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. In the second part of the study, all cows were treated without systemic administration of an antibiotic.
Significant difference was not observed in the outcome of the disease between cows given gentamicin and cows of the other 2 treatment groups at 24 hours or at 4 weeks after treatment. At 24 hours after initial treatment, 71.9% of cows treated with gentamicin, 92.3% of those treated with erythromycin, and 45.5% not treated systemically had improved appetite. At 4 weeks after initial treatment, of the cows treated with gentamicin, 11.5% died; in 32.8%, lactation ceased in the affected mammary gland; in 21.3%, lactation was decreased in the affected gland; and 34.4% returned to normal lactation and health. Of cows treated with erythromycin, none died; in 23%, lactation ceased in the affected mammary gland; in 23%, lactation decreased in the affected gland; and 54% returned to normal lactation and health. Of cows not treated systemically, 8% died; in 50%, lactation ceased in the affected mammary gland; in 8%, lactation decreased in the affected gland; and 33% returned to normal lactation and health. Differences between cows treated with gentamicin and the other 2 groups of cows were not statistically significant.
Wound infection rates in dogs and cats after use of cotton muslin or disposable impermeable fabric as barrier material: 720 cases (1983-1989)
Authors: Billings L. , Vasseur P. B. , Fancher C. , Miller M. , Nearenberg D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A retrospective study involving 720 dogs and cats that underwent a variety of elective surgical procedures was done to compare the effectiveness of reusable cotton barrier materials with that of a commercially available disposable barrier system for prevention of wound infection. The overall wound infection rate, using cotton barrier materials, was 3.1% and for disposable materials, was 4.4%. The difference between groups was not significant.
Clinical relevance of monocyte procoagulant activity in horses with colic
Authors: Henry Michelle M. , Moore James N. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Endotoxin-activated monocytes express a thromboplastin-like procoagulant activity on the cell surface that may serve as a focal point for formation of microvascular thrombi. Because coagulopathy is a common sequela to endotoxemia in the equine species, we investigated the ability of monocytes, isolated from horses with colic, to express procoagulant activity. On the day of admission, and on the third and fifth day of hospitalization, monocytes were isolated from 30 adult horses with colic. A coagulation profile, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrin degradation products concentrations, was determined at each sample collection. The concentration of endotoxin in the plasma was quantitated at the time of admission. Ten clinically normal adult horses served as controls.
The procoagulant activity of monocytes isolated from horses with colic was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of the monocytes isolated from clinically normal horses. On the first and third day of hospitalization, the mean prothrombin time was significantly (P < 0.05) longer in horses with colic, compared with clinically normal horses, and was the most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on the day of admission (25/30; 83%). Mean fibrin degradation products concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in horses with colic on the day of admission and was the second most common abnormality in the coagulation profile on day 1 (23/30; 77%). In horses with colic, the mean prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly (P < 0.05) longer in horses that did not survive, compared with horses that survived. Of the 30 horses with colic, 9 had detectable endotoxin in the plasma at the time of admission. The presence of endotoxin in the plasma was useful in predicting survival in horses with colic; all horses with plasma endotoxin concentration ≥ 10 pg/ml (6/6) did not survive.
Femoral capital physeal fractures in dogs: 34 cases (1979-1989)
Authors: Gibson Karen L. , vanEe Rene T. , Pechman Robert D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Complications associated with femoral capital physeal (cp) fractures in 34 dogs were evaluated. Fractures were surgically repaired, using divergent K-wires or lag screws; radiographic follow-up was available for 21 cp fractures. In all cases, radiographic abnormalities such as degenerative joint disease and resorption of the femoral neck and/or head were seen. Changes were more severe when fracture occurred at an early age. For 4 of 21 dogs (20%), femoral head and neck excision was performed because of complications associated with cp fracture repair. Prognosis for femoral cp fractures is guarded, although affected dogs should be able to function as pets.
Clinical and pathologic features of endometrial hyperplasia, pyometra, and endometritis in cats: 79 cases (1980-1985)
Authors: Potter Kathleen , Hancock Dale H. , Gallina Anthony M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Records of 79 cats determined to have endometrial hyperplasia (eh) with or without pyometra or endometritis were studied. Forty-eight cats (61%) were spayed or died because of complications relating to reproductive tract disease. All other cats were free of clinical signs of disease, and lesions were found incidentally during routine ovariohysterectomy or at necropsy. Prevalence of uterine lesions was greater in cats ≥ 5 years old. Breeding, age at first breeding, and queening could not be correlated with clinical or pathologic signs of disease. Seventy-one percent (34/ 48) of cats with clinical signs referable to the reproductive tract had histologic evidence of pyometra or endometritis, whereas only 19% (6/31) of cats without clinical signs had histologic evidence of either disease. Only 23% (9/39) of cats without pyometra or endometritis had corpora lutea (cl) in at least one ovary, whereas 40% (16/40) of cats with either pyometra or endometritis had cl. We concluded that the prevalence of eh in cats increases with age in sexually intact female cats, and that most cases of pyometra or endometritis, but not eh, in cats are associated with retained cl.
Costs associated with selected preventive practices and with episodes of clinical mastitis in nine herds with low somatic cell counts
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Schnitkey G. D. , Arbaugh D. , Hogan J. S. , Smith K. L. , Schoenberger P. S. , Todhunter D. A. , Hueston W. D. , Pritchard D. E. , Bowman G. L. , Heider L. E. , Brockett B. L. , Conrad H. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Nine dairy herds (mean size, 149 cows) with bulk-tank milk somatic cell counts of < 300,000 cells/ml and > 80% of cows with Dairy Herd Improvement Association linear somatic cell counts ≤ 4 were selected for study. Each herd was monitored for 12 consecutive months. Duplicate quarter-milk specimens were collected from each cow for bacteriologic culturing at beginning of lactation, cessation of lactation, and at the time of each clinical episode of mastitis. Streptococcus agalactiae was never isolated and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from < 1% of all quarters. There were 554 episodes of clinical mastitis. During the year of study, the incidence rate of clinical mastitis varied from 15.6 to 63.7% of cows among the 9 herds. Mean costs per cow per year in herd for mastitis prevention were: $10 for paper towels, $3 for nonlactating cow treatment, and $10 for teat disinfectants. Mean cost associated with clinical mastitis was $107/episode. Approximately 84% ($90) of the costs attributed to a clinical episode were associated with decreased milk production and nonsalable milk. Costs of medication and professional veterinary fees per clinical episode varied Significantly among the 9 herds. Three of the herds did not have a veterinarian treat a clinical episode of mastitis during the year of study even though 2 of these herds had the first and third highest incidence rates of clinical mastitis. When calculated on a per cow in herd basis, mean costs of $40/cow/year were attributed to clinical mastitis. Our findings suggest that herds that have effectively controlled mastitis caused by contagious pathogens may still have substantial economic losses as a result of clinical mastitis and that losses and even rates of clinical mastitis may vary considerably among such herds.
Clinical evaluation of cats with lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Kruger John M. , Osborne Carl A. , Goyal Sagar M. , Wickstrom Steven L. , Johnston Gary R. , Fletcher Thomas F. , Brown Patricia A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
In a prospective study, 141 cats with hematuria, dysuria, urethral obstruction, or combinations of these signs were evaluated by contemporary diagnostic methods and compared with 26 clinically normal cats (controls). Specific diagnosis was established in 45% (64/141) of cats affected with lower urinary tract disease (lutd). Crystalline matrix plug-induced urethral obstruction was diagnosed in 21% (30/141) of affected cats, uroliths were identified in 21% (30/141) of affected cats, uroliths with concomitant bacterial urinary tract infection (uti) were identified in < 2% (2/141) of affected cats, and bacterial uti alone was identified in < 2% (2/141) of cats with lutd. Viruses, mycoplasmas, and ureaplasmas were not isolated from urine samples collected from affected or control cats.
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4)-neutralizing antibodies were not detected in any serum sample obtained from cats with lutd or from control cats. In contrast, bhv-4 antibodies were detected by an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test in sera obtained from 31% (44/141) of cats with lutd and 23% (6/26) of control cats. The prevalence of positive bhv-4 ifa test results in affected cats was not significantly different from that observed in control cats. Significant association was not apparent between positive bhv-4 ifa test results and clinical diagnosis, abnormal laboratory findings, or cat age. However, the number of male cats with bhv-4 ifa titer was significantly (P < 0.02, χ2 test) greater than that of female cats. Detection of bhv-4 antibodies in approximately 30% of affected and control cats indicates prior virus exposure. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the specific role of bhv-4 in cats with naturally acquired lutd.
Effects of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis in dogs
Authors: Cowan Laine A. , Barsanti Jeanne A. , Crowell Wayne , Brown John 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An Escherichia coli bacterial prostatitis was experimentally induced in dogs to determine the effect of castration on chronic bacterial prostatitis. Two weeks after instillation of bacteria directly into the prostate gland, 17 of 22 adult mixed-breed male dogs had positive urine or prostatic fluid cultures or both. Seven of the 17 dogs were randomly chosen to be castrated, and 10 of the 17 served as sham-operated controls.
At weekly intervals, urine was obtained from 17 dogs for aerobic microbiologic culturing. At each week, dogs with no bacterial growth in the cultured urine had prostatic fluid collected for aerobic microbiologic culture. Dogs with negative urine, prostatic fluid, and prostatic tissue needle biopsy culture results at week 7 were euthanatized. For remaining dogs, weekly cultures were continued until the dogs were euthanatized at week 12. None of the 7 castrated dogs and 6 of the 10 dogs subject to sham operation had prostatic infection at the time of necropsy. The castrated dogs had a mean infection duration of 4.2 weeks, which was statistically shorter than the 9.5 week mean duration of infection in the sham-operated controls.
Cultures of prostatic tissue obtained immediately after euthanasia correlated 100% with urine and prostatic fluid cultures taken before euthanasia. All of the 6 dogs with positive prostatic cultures at termination had moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis. The 11 dogs that were not infected at the end of the study had normal to moderate lymphoplasmacytic chronic prostatitis on histologic examination.
Because castration reduced the duration of infection and resulted in fewer bacterial colony forming units per milliliter of urine, castration appears to be beneficial in the resolution of chronic bacterial prostatitis in this experimental model.