bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA PTP4A2 regulates microglial polarization through STAT3 to promote neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Zhang Shenyang , Lv Bingchen , Chen Hao , Zhang Wei , Dong Liguo , Bao Lei , Wang Miao , Wang Yan , Mao Wenqi , Cui Likun , Pang Ye , Wang Fei , Yan Fuling , Zhang Zuohui , Cui Guiyun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveMicroglial polarization plays a critical role in neuroinflammation and may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. This study was to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanism of Circular RNA PTP4A2 (circPTP4A2) in microglial polarization after ischemic stroke.MethodsC57BL/6J mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), while primary mouse microglia and BV2 microglial cells experienced oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to mimic ischemic conditions. CircPTP4A2 shRNA lentivirus and Colivelin were used to knock down circPTP4A2 and upregulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, respectively. Microglial polarization was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. RNA pull‐down and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) were applied to detect the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3.ResultsThe levels of circPTP4A2 were significantly increased in plasma and peri‐infarct cortex in tMCAO mice. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced infarct volume, increased cortical cerebral blood flow (CBF), and attenuated neurological deficits. It also decreased pro‐inflammatory factors levels in peri‐infarct cortex and plasma, and increased anti‐inflammatory factors concentrations 24 h post‐stroke. In addition, circPTP4A2 knockdown suppressed M1 microglial polarization and promoted M2 microglial polarization in both tMCAO mice and OGD/R‐induced BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, circPTP4A2 knockdown inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation. In contrast, increased phosphorylation of STAT3 partly counteracted the effects of circPTP4A2 knockdown. RNA pull‐down and RIP assays further certified the binding between circPTP4A2 and STAT3.ConclusionThese results revealed regulatory mechanisms of circPTP4A2 that stimulated neuroinflammation by driving STAT3‐dependent microglial polarization in ischemic brain injury. CircPTP4A2 knockdown reduced cerebral ischemic injury and promoted microglial M2 polarization, which could be a novel therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Exploration on energy‐saved dyeing method for polyimide fabrics with alkali treatment
Authors: Shao Xiru , Chen Xin , Xi Chen , Zhan Chenchen , Lv Xiaojing , Jiang Shan , Zhang Tao , Cao Genyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe difficulty of dyeing is a disturbing problem for the various application of polyimide fabrics. Alkali treatment has been widely used as a preliminary step before dyeing, denoted as a two‐bath method. With more attention being paid to energy resources, this work aims to explore more economical and environmentally friendly dyeing technology, combining the alkali treatment and the dyeing process together, named a one‐bath method. Surprisingly, the K/S value of the one‐bath dyed fabric is much higher than that of the two‐bath sample, in which the red colour value is enhanced by 59.9% for the one‐bath sample. As for the effect of dyeing on the physical properties, the two‐step method has been demonstrated to exert more severe damage on the fibre, with lower crystallinity and tensile strength. To explain such results, it is deduced that when alkali is added together with dyes, it can play a bridge role between the dyes and the fibre, anchoring the dyes wherever the alkali can permeate. Furthermore, 17.25 J of the energy is calculated to be saved for the dyeing of 60 g of fabric, which is very inspiring for large‐scale application.
The crucial role that hippocampus Cyclooxygenase‐2 plays in memory
Authors: Ni Hong , Guo Zhongzhao , Wu Yue , Wang Jie , Yang Yang , Zhu Zilu , Wang Deheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIt is generally accepted that Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is activated to cause inflammation. However, COX‐2 is also constitutively expressed at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Although some evidence suggests that COX‐2 release during neuronal signalling may be pivotal for regulating the function of memory, the significance of constitutively expressed COX‐2 in neuron is still unclear. This research aims to discover the role of COX‐2 in memory beyond neuroinflammation and to determine whether the inhibition of COX‐2 can cause cognitive dysfunction by influencing dendritic plasticity and its underlying mechanism. We found COX‐2 gene knockout (KO) could significantly impact the learning and memory ability, cause neuronal structure disorder and influence gamma oscillations. These might be mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) E2/cAMP pathway and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p‐PKA)‐phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p‐CREB)‐brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) axis. It suggested COX‐2 might play a critical role in learning, regulating neuronal structure and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus CA1 by regulating COX‐2/BDNF signalling pathway.
Investigating cognitive biases: does halo effect from nutrition or health claims drive negative calorie illusion in food combinations?
Authors: Wang Ziang , Begho Toritseju 
Published: October 2023

SummaryPeople in developed countries have access to healthier food options. However, there is also an increasing availability of energy‐dense foods. While energy‐dense foods play a major role in food accessibility, their prevalence also escalates the obesogenic environment. This paper aims to understand the role of cognitive biases on food consumption from the view of calorie underestimation. Specifically, the study examines how consumers perceive food calorie content and how consumers interpret the claims on food packaging. 525 UK respondents were asked to evaluate five different food combinations. The average calorie estimations for each meal were compared with their actual calorie contents to identify underestimation/overestimation. T‐test was conducted, and logistic regression and linear regression were estimated. The results show that heuristic is often adopted in food selection. Foods are categorised into vice and virtue according to the different goals they support. The existence of virtue food options (e.g., fruit and vegetable) reduces the perceived calorie content of the meal. Likewise, nutrition and health claims such as low‐fat and zero‐sugar also decrease the calorie estimation, especially when the labelled food is unhealthy. Considering overeating is a consequence of calorie underestimation, consumers' knowledge of nutritional quality needs to be improved.
Effect of cellulase‐treated wheat bran on physicochemical and sensorial properties of fibre‐rich pasta
Authors: Mohammadi Mehrdad , Zoghi Alaleh , Azizi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2023

SummaryThe addition of wheat bran dietary fibre to the pasta improves its nutritional value, while affects negatively the quality of the product. This study aimed to improve the physicochemical and sensorial properties of wheat bran pasta by evaluating the effect of cellulase‐treated wheat bran (CTWB) on the rheological properties of the dough and the quality of produced pasta. Untreated wheat bran was used to produce control samples. Then, wheat bran at levels of 5, 10, 15, and 20% was treated with 0.1 and 0.3% cellulase. Rheological characteristics of the produced dough were measured by farinograph and extensograph. Finally, the cooking and sensory properties of pasta were evaluated. Based on the obtained results, applying CTWB has led to an increase in farinograph quality number, an increase in dough energy and extensibility, and a decrease in the resistance to extension of the dough. Also, the cooking quality (cooking loss and adhesiveness) of pasta samples improved using CTWB. Pasta samples containing 5 and 10% wheat bran treated with 0.3% cellulase were selected as optimum treatments for both dough and pasta properties. The findings in this study indicated that CTWB added to pasta improved the cooking characteristics and sensorial properties of pasta, significantly.
3 Social and Economic Correlates of the Elderly Suicide Rate
Authors: Lester David , Yang Bijou 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA review of research found that the suicide rates of the elderly show similar regional social correlates as the suicide rates of younger groups and that these rates can be explained using similar sociological theories. Time‐series studies in the USA indicate that the impact of economic prosperity on the suicide rate of the elderly is beneficial, whereas the impact on the suicide rate of younger adults is detrimental. The issues raised by this research are discussed.
8 The Role of Social Supports in the Bereavement Process of Surviving Spouses of Suicide and Natural Deaths
Authors: Farberow Norman L. , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores , Gilewski Michael , Thompson Larry 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis report examines the changing role of social supports in the bereavement of spouses of elderly suicide and natural deaths, focusing on differences and similarities in relation to gender, time, and mode of death. Measurements were obtained 4 times after death (within 2 months, at 6 months, at 12 months, and at 2 to 2 1/2 years) on 79% of the 108 survivors of elderly suicide, 89% of the 199 natural death survivors, and 79% of the nonbereaved controls. The results indicated that the suicide survivors received significantly less emotional support for their feelings of depression and grief than the natural death survivors, and that they did not confide in the persons in their network any more than the nonbereaved controls did. Women report receiving more support overall than men. A low spot in social supports occurred at the 6‐month point after loss for both bereaved groups, but primarily in practical help received by natural death survivors. By the end of the second year, both practical and emotional supports had increased to at least the same level as immediately after death.
11 Case Consultation: Mary Catherine
Authors: Berman Alan L. , Leenaars Antoon A. , McIntosh John , Richman Joseph 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTA case of the attempted suicide of a 66‐year‐old female is presented. Comment based on the chapters in this volume is presented. Specific topics of demographics, psychiatric—psychological, object relations, the attempt, and concluding comments provide an idiographic illustration of suicidal behavior in an older adult.
Does asymptomatic atrial fibrillation exist?
Authors: Carneiro Herman A. , Knight Bradley 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is currently defined as symptomatic by asking patients if they are aware of when they are in AF and if they feel better in sinus rhythm. However, this approach of defining AF as symptomatic and asymptomatic fails to adequately consider the adverse effects of AF in patients who are unaware of their rhythm including progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF, and the development of dementia, stroke, sinus node dysfunction, valvular regurgitation, ventricular dysfunction, and heart failure. Labeling these patients as asymptomatic falsely suggests that their AF requires less intense therapy and puts into question the notion of truly asymptomatic AF. Because focusing on patient awareness ignores other important consequences of AF, clinical endpoints that are independent of symptoms are being developed. The concept of AF burden has more recently been used as a clinical endpoint in clinical trials as a more clinically relevant endpoint compared to AF‐related symptoms or time to first recurrence, but its correlation with symptoms and other clinical outcomes remains unclear. This review will explore the impact of AF on apparently asymptomatic patients, the use of AF burden as an endpoint for AF management, and potential refinements to the AF burden metric. The review is based on a presentation by the senior author during the 2023 16th annual European Cardiac Arrhythmia Society (ECAS) congress in Paris, France.
Customers driving a firm's responsible innovation response for grand challenges: A co‐active issue‐selling perspective
Authors: Degbey William Y. , Pelto Elina , Öberg Christina , Carmeli Abraham 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGrand challenges vary across industries and call for firms to craft a responsible innovation response to effectively address them. However, key questions concerning why firms embrace responsible innovation and the process by which they respond to grand challenges have yet to be fully answered. We integrate an issue‐selling theoretical lens and the customer role from an innovation perspective to theorize about the different influencing motives that customers exert on their corresponding supplying firm to craft a more responsible innovation response to grand challenges. Based on qualitative data collected in almost a 10‐year period from multiple respondents across eight customer firms and two supplying firms, we identify three core motives—regulatory, business opportunity, and socio‐environmental motives—that propel customers to influence supplying firms to craft different forms of responsible innovation responses. Our research also reveals three vital socio‐human capital pathways—human capital, socio‐behavioral, and relationship—which, in turn, foster a co‐active engagement in addressing grand challenges innovatively and responsibly. In so doing, this research advances novel theorizing on co‐active engagement in responsible innovation where the customer acts as the primary champion and the supplier as the implementer. We discuss the important implications for customers and other stakeholders.
First buckthorn (Rhamnaceae) fossil flowers from India
Authors: Patel Raman , Rana Rajendra Singh , Ali Ashif , Hazra Taposhi , Khan Mahasin Ali 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFossil leaves, fruits, and woods assigned to Rhamnaceae have been recorded from India, however, there are no previous reports of rhamnaceous fossil flowers from India. Here, we report the first fossil flowers in appreciable numbers from the early Eocene (Palana Formation) sedimentary sequences of Gurha Lignite Mine, Rajasthan, western India, and show that they are attributable to Rhamnaceae. We examined variation in flower morphology among extant and extinct rhamnaceous species as a basis for interpreting our fossil flowers. The specimens are small star‐like, pentamerous, actinomorphic, gamosepalous flowers with triangular, keeled sepals with acute apices, spathulate, short‐clawed petals alternating with sepals, shallow, five‐lobed nectary disc with prominent pentagonal outer margin, and a centrally placed globose ovary with stigma scar. The flowers co‐occur with ziziphoid leaves and are recognized as a new speciesEopaliura indicaPatel, Rana & Khan sp. nov. Because of aforesaid characteristics, fossil flowers are easily identifiable as Rhamnaceae and should provide a reliable means of documenting the evolutionary history of this family during the Cenozoic.
Molecular and morphometric study of Brazilian populations of Psychodopygus davisi
Authors: Rodrigues Bruno Leite , da Silva Costa Glaucilene , Godoy Rodrigo Espíndola , Pereira Júnior Antonio Marques , Cella Wilsandrei , Ferreira Gabriel Eduardo Melim , de Medeiros Jansen Fernandes , Shimabukuro Paloma Helena Fernandes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we analysed the molecular and morphometric differences of several populations of the putative sand fly vector Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in Brazil. We amplified the 658 base pair fragments of the DNA barcoding region—cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene—for 57 specimens of P. davisi and three specimens of Psychodopygus claustrei (Abonnenc, Léger & Fauran, 1979). We merged our data with public sequences of the same species available from GenBank. Then, the combined dataset—87 sequences and 20 localities—was analysed using population structure analysis and different species delimitation approaches. Geometric morphometry of wings was performed for 155 specimens of P. davisi populations from the North, Midwest and Southeast Brazilian regions, analysing the differences in centroid sizes and canonical variates. Molecular analysis indicated high intraspecific genetic distance values for P. davisi (maximum p distance = 5.52%). All algorithms identified P. davisi and P. claustrei as distinct molecular taxonomic units, despite the low interspecific distance (p distance to the nearest neighbour = 4.79%). P. davisi sequences were split into four genetic clusters by population structure analysis and at least five genetic lineages using intermediate scenarios of the species delimitation algorithms. The species validation analysis of BPP strongly supported the five‐species model in our dataset. We found high genetic diversity in this taxon, which is in agreement with its wide geographic distribution in Brazil. Furthermore, the wing analysis showed that specimens from the Southeast Region of Brazil are different from those in the North and the Midwest. The evolutionary patterns of P. davisi populations in Brazil suggest the presence of candidate species, which need to be validated in future studies using a more comprehensive approach with both genomic data and morphological characters.
Peripherally‐active mu‐opioid receptor antagonists for constipation in critically ill patients receiving opioids: A case‐series and a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Umbrello Michele , Venco Roberto , Palandri Chiara , Racagni Milena , Muttini Stefano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is frequent in critically ill patients, and potentially related to adverse outcomes. Peripherally‐active mu‐opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) are approved for opioid‐induced constipation, but information on their efficacy and safety in critically ill patients is limited. We present a single‐center, retrospective, case‐series of the use of naldemedine for opioid‐associated constipation, and we systematically reviewed the use of PAMORAs in critically ill patients.MethodsCase‐series included consecutive mechanically‐ventilated patients; constipation was defined as absence of bowel movements for >3 days. Naldemedine was administered after failure of the local laxation protocol. Systematic review: PubMed was searched for studies of PAMORAs to treat opioid‐induced constipation in adult critically ill patients. Primary outcomes: time to laxation, and number of patients laxating at the shortest follow‐up. Secondary outcomes: gastric residual volumes and adverse events.Key ResultsA total of 13 patients were included in the case‐series; the most common diagnosis was COVID‐19 ARDS. Patients had their first bowel movement 1 [0;2] day after naldemedine. Daily gastric residual volume was 725 [405;1805] before vs. 250 [45;1090] mL after naldemedine, p = 0.0078. Systematic review identified nine studies (two RCTs, one prospective case‐series, three retrospective case‐series and three case‐reports). Outcomes were similar between groups, with a trend toward a lower gastric residual volume in PAMORAs group.Conclusions & InferencesIn a highly‐selected case‐series of patients with refractory, opioid‐associated constipation, naldemedine was safe and associated to reduced gastric residuals and promoting laxation. In the systematic review and meta‐analysis, the use of PAMORAs (mainly methylnaltrexone) was safe and associated with a reduced intolerance to enteral feeding but no difference in the time to laxation.
Morphometric analysis of papillary synovial metaplasia‐like changes in oral mucoceles
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Sutharshan G. S. , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOral mucoceles (OMs) are common cystic lesions seen mainly on the lower lip in young males. Histologically, OMs show variegated features such as clear cell changes, myxoglobulosis, calcifications, and papillary synovial metaplasia (PSM)‐like changes. The aim of the present paper is to morphometrically analyze PSM‐like changes seen in OMs.MethodologySeventy‐two cases of histologically proven OMs were retrospectively retrieved and divided into two groups: group I without PSM‐like changes and group II with PSM‐like changes. The internal area was measured using Image J software. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data.ResultsThere were 50 cases in group I (mean age 19.23 years) and 22 cases in group II (mean age 30.25 years). The lower lip was the most commonly affected site for both groups. The mean age in group II was significantly higher than group I. In contrast, the mean internal area was significantly higher in group I.ConclusionWe speculate that PSM‐like changes in OMs represent an incomplete repair phenomenon. Knowledge of such an innocuous process is essential for differentiation from malignant histopathological mimickers.
An ancient cis‐element targeted by Ralstonia solanacearum TALE‐like effectors facilitates the development of a promoter trap that could confer broad‐spectrum wilt resistance
Authors: Gallas Niels , Li Xiaoxu , von Roepenack‐Lahaye Edda , Schandry Niklas , Jiang Yuxin , Wu Dousheng , Lahaye Thomas 
Published: October 2023

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum, a species complex of bacterial plant pathogens that causes bacterial wilt, comprises four phylotypes that evolved when a founder population was split during the continental drift ~180 million years ago. Each phylotype contains strains with RipTAL proteins structurally related to transcription activator‐like (TAL) effectors from the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas. RipTALs have evolved in geographically separated phylotypes and therefore differ in sequence and potentially functionality. Earlier work has shown that phylotype I RipTAL Brg11 targets a 17‐nucleotide effector binding element (EBE) and transcriptionally activates the downstream arginine decarboxylase (ADC) gene. The predicted DNA binding preferences of Brg11 and RipTALs from other phylotypes are similar, suggesting that most, if not all, RipTALs target the Brg11‐EBE motif and activate downstream ADC genes. Here we show that not only phylotype I RipTAL Brg11 but also RipTALs from other phylotypes activate host genes when preceded by the Brg11‐EBE motif. Furthermore, we show that Brg11 and RipTALs from other phylotypes induce the same quantitative changes of ADC‐dependent plant metabolites, suggesting that most, if not all, RipTALs induce functionally equivalent changes in host cells. Finally, we report transgenic tobacco lines in which the RipTAL‐binding motif Brg11‐EBE mediates RipTAL‐dependent transcription of the executor‐type resistance (R) gene Bs4C from pepper, thereby conferring resistance to RipTAL‐delivering R. solanacearum strains. Our results suggest that cell death‐inducing executor‐type R genes, preceded by the RipTAL‐binding motif Brg11‐EBE, could be used to genetically engineer broad‐spectrum bacterial wilt resistance in crop plants without any apparent fitness penalty.