bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociating cognitive compensation from cognitive deficit in neurodegenerative diseases: the model of premanifest Huntington’s disease mutation carriers
Authors: Jacquemot Charlotte , Stanc Lorna Le , Lunven Marine , Giavazzi Maria , Sliwinski Agnès , Youssov Katia , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cognitive reserve is the ability to actively cope with brain deterioration and delay cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. We combined computational modelling (drift diffusion models, DDMs) and neuroanatomical analysis using Huntington’s disease (HD) as a genetic model of neurodegenerative disease to study compensation in premanifest mutation carriers (preHDs). Twenty preHDs, 28 early-stage HD patients (earlyHDs), and 45 controls performed a discrimination task. We used DDMs to investigate underlying cognitive performances and explored the relationship with neuroanatomical substrates. Compared with controls, earlyHDs performed less and preHDs performed similarly. DDMs showed a progressive increase in the amount of evidence needed to take a decision from controls to preHDs and earlyHDs. This increase in response threshold predicted an increase in the rate of evidence accumulation. In preHDs, the higher rate was associated with left parietal and hippocampal hypertrophy, and showed an inversed U-shaped pattern over the course of disease progress, characteristic of compensation.
FENet: Feature Enhancement Network for Arbitrary Direction Text Detection
Authors: Wang Runmin , Liu Yingying , Chen Hua , Zhu Yanbin , Zhu Guilin , Liu Minghao , Han Chang , Ding Yajun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the advent of deep learning, scene text detection has gained significant prominence, finding applications in diverse fields such as autonomous driving, and scene text translation. Existing frameworks often encode text candidates independently, employing sequential deep convolutional methods (e.g., ResNet, VGGNet). These methods grapple with several challenges, including the variability of text shapes, the presence of intricate backgrounds, and limitations in retaining relatively long contextual information. In contrast, our proposed network, denominated as the Feature Enhancement Network (FENet), adeptly addresses arbitrary direction text detection through the integration of attention mechanisms and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM). Our method boasts three pivotal attributes: (i) Recurrent strengthening of feature maps via the amalgamation of an attention mechanism-based Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and a BLSTM-based sequence feature extraction module. (ii) Modification of the constituent elements of the bottleneck layer within the ResNet architecture to facilitate micro-batch training. (iii) Augmentation of network learnability through the incorporation of residual network structures within the BLSTM-based sequence feature extraction module. We conducted extensive experiments on five publicly available datasets, namely ICDAR 2013, ICDAR 2015, MSRA-TD500, SCUT-CTW1500, and ICDAR2017-MLT. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed method. We will release code to facilitate community research at the website: https://github.com/lyy0117.
Myeloid PTEN loss affects therapeutic response by promoting stress granules assembly and impairing phagocytosis of macrophages in breast cancer
Authors: Pan Yueyin , Li Yan , Wang Gang , Han Chaoqiang , Dong Menghao , Hua Hui , Chen Jian , Yu Haiyang , Zhang Rutong , Feng Xiaoxi , Xu Chao , Yang Zhenye 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Breast cancer (BRCA) has become the most common type of cancer in women. The improvement of therapeutic response remains a challenge. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a classic tumor suppressor with emerging new functions discovered in recent years, and myeloid PTEN loss has been reported to impair the anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we revealed a novel mechanism of myeloid PTEN potentially affecting anti-tumor immunity in BRCA. We identified accelerated stress granules (SGs) assembly under oxidative stress in PTEN deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), due to the upregulation of EGR1 transcripting TIAL1. The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathway also contributed to the promoted SGs formation. ATP consumption during SGs assembly in BMDMs impaired the phagocytosis of 4T1 cells, which might contribute to the damage of anti-tumor immunity. In BRCA neoadjuvant cohort, we observed poorer response in myeloid PTENlow patients with G3BP1 aggregating as SGs in CD68 + cells, which was consistent with the mechanism that PTEN deficient macrophages tend to have easier SGs assembly with impaired phagocytosis in our study. Our results revealed an unconventional impact of SGs on BMDMs and might provided new perspectives for drug resistance and therapeutic strategies for BRCA patients.
Breaking Barriers: Differential Service Deliveries for Key Population Community HIV/AIDS Services Action and Response in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Shitu Zayyanu , Nyako Zaynab U , Dahiru Hamza Musa , Oyedeji David Olusegun , Fajemisin Wole , Salihu Abdulsamad , Abone Chizoba Gerald , Anyati Jennifer , Sadiq Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) reported alarmingly increase daily, and poses threat to epidemic control globally. A significant number of these new cases (up to 70%) is being accounted for by the Key Population (KP). However, stigma and discrimination in our conventional healthcare systems lead to poor access to treatment among these populations. The current study reviews some of the healthcare models implemented for KP HIV program.
Method
A retrospective data review of KP patients accessing care using the One Stop Shop (OSS) and Community Clinical Service Assistant Points (CCSAPs) models for HIV care in Zamfara State, Nigeria (May 2022 to May 2023). Important patient data were extracted and analysed in frequency and percentage. Pearson's chi-square test identified the statistical association.
Results
Of the 4043 patients, 3737 patients with known viral load were used, CCSAPs had (77.8%) patients and OSS (22.2%). The majority were females (60.7%). The ages were between 25 and 34 years of ages (42.9%). The patients had a mean weight of 58.15Kg. Overal retention to care was (98.6%) with suppression rate of (99.4%), with CCSAPs (99.6%) suppression rate and OSS (99.0%) suppression. There were no association statistically between the two models (p < 0.005).
Conclusion
Both the CCSAPs and OSS models demonstrated a high rate of viral load suppression and retention in care for KP.The CCSAPs particularly excelled in viral suppression rates and patient retention. More HIV programs need to adopt these service delivery to improve access to care and sustain the progress for epidemic control.
Drug-induced change in transmitter identity is a shared mechanism generating cognitive deficits
Authors: Spitzer Nicholas , Pratelli Marta , Hakimi Anna , Thaker Arth , Li Hui-Quan , Godavarthi Swetha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Cognitive deficits are a long-lasting consequence of drug use, yet the convergent mechanism by which classes of drugs with different pharmacological properties cause similar deficits is unclear. We find that both phencyclidine and methamphetamine, despite differing in their targets in the brain, cause the same glutamatergic neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex to gain a GABAergic phenotype and decrease their expression of the vesicular glutamate transporter. Suppressing the drug-induced gain of GABA with RNA-interference prevents the appearance of memory deficits. Stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area is necessary and sufficient to produce this gain of GABA. Drug-induced prefrontal hyperactivity drives this change in transmitter identity. Returning prefrontal activity to baseline, chemogenetically or with clozapine, reverses the change in transmitter phenotype and rescues the associated memory deficits. The results reveal a shared and reversible mechanism that regulates the appearance of cognitive deficits upon exposure to different drugs.
Genome-wide gene expression profiles throughout human malaria parasite liver stage development
Authors: Kappe Stefan , Zanghi Gigliola , Patel Hardik , Camargo Nelly , Smith Jenny , Bae Yeji , Hesping Eva , Boddey Justin , Flannery Erika , Chuenchob Vorada , Fishbaugher Matthew , Mikolajczak Sebastian , Roobsoong Wanlapa , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Hayes Kiera , Vaughan Ashley 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria parasite gene expression during the initial infection phase in the liver is poorly characterized. Using a human liver-chimeric mouse model in conjunction with a fluorescent parasite line (PfNF54CSPGFP), we uncovered the transcriptome of key liver stage (LS) developmental phases, while establishing correlations between clustered gene expression profiles and AP2 developmental transcription factors. This provides insight into transcriptional regulation during LS infection and highlights important LS metabolic and biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, we compared Pf and P. vivax (Pv) LS transcriptomes, highlighting commonalities, such as countering oxidative stress, but also differences in the context of sexual stage commitment in the liver. We also observed expression of PfEMP1 proteins and the Pf Translocon of Exported Proteins (PTEX) and identified protein candidates that might be exported during LS development. This data will inform biological studies and the search for effective drug targets and vaccines that prevent and treat liver stage infection.
Radical N-Glycosylation of Heterocycles with 1-Hydroxycarbohydrates Enabled by Copper Metallaphotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Hu Xiang-Guo , Liu Da-Peng , Zhang Shao-Sen , Liu Shuai 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
N-Glycosylated heterocycles play important roles in biological systems and drug development. The synthesis of these compounds heavily relies on ionic N-glycosylation, which is usually constrained by factors like labile glycosyl donors, precious metal catalysts, and stringent conditions. Herein, we report an unprecedented glycosyl radical-based method for synthesizing N-glycosides by leveraging copper metallaphotoredox catalysis. Complementing with the well-established ionic approaches, our method employs inexpensive photo- and copper- catalysts and can tolerate some extent of water. Furthermore, readily available and stable 1-hydroxycarbohydrates are successfully utilized for the first time for N-glycosylation. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope, encompassing 76 examples, and demonstrates high stereoselectivity, favoring 1,2-trans selectivity for furanoses and α-selectivity for pyranoses. It also exhibits high site-selectivity for substrates containing multiple N-atoms. The synthetic utility was showcased through the late-stage functionalization of bioactive compounds and pharmaceuticals like Olaparib, Axitinib, and Metaxalone. Mechanistic studies proved the presence of glycosyl intermediates and the importance of copper metallaphotoredox catalysis.
Effect of air vessel configuration on transient pressures
Authors: Darweesh Moustafa , Ahmed Anwar A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hydropneumatic tanks can effectively safeguard pressurized systems from the risk of water hammer. This paper examines the influence of both air vessel aspect ratio (R = height/diameter) and its form; cylindrical (vertical and horizontal) and spherical, on the transient pressures resulting from the abnormal working events of pumps. Bentley HAMMER software, which uses the Method of Characteristics to solve the momentum and continuity equations for unsteady flow, was foremost verified and then utilized in the analysis. Three case studies were considered. The results show that, for the same operating conditions, R has an insignificant effect on the maximum and minimum pressures, and as R increases, the extreme pressures improve slightly. Furthermore, the hydraulic performance of horizontal cylindrical, vertical cylindrical, and spherical air vessels, under transient conditions and at the same volume, is identical and the small differences in the transient results could be attributed to the change in pressure of air/gas inside the vessel that results from the variance in the vessel’s cross-sectional area.
Secretion of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP may be affected by circadian rhythm in healthy males
Authors: Zilstorff Dorte B. , Richter Michael M. , Hannibal Jens , Jørgensen Henrik L. , Sennels Henriette P. , Albrechtsen Nicolai J. Wewer 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic alpha cells in response to low blood glucose and increases hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, it enhances hepatic protein and lipid metabolism during a mixed meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) are secreted from gut endocrine cells during meals and control glucose homeostasis by potentiating insulin secretion and inhibits food intake.
Both glucose control and food intake have been reported to be affected by circadian rhythms and vice versa. In this study, we investigated whether the secretion of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP was affected by circadian rhythms.
Methods
A total of 24 healthy men with regular sleep schedules were examined for 24 hours at the hospital ward with 15 hours of wakefulness and 9 hours of sleep. Food intake was standardized, and blood samples were obtained every third hour. Plasma concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP were measured, and data were analyzed by rhythmometric statistical methods. Available data on plasma glucose and plasma C-peptide were also included.
Results
Plasma concentrations of glucagon, GLP-1, GIP, C-peptide and glucose fluctuated with a diurnal 24-hour rhythm, with the highest levels during the day and the lowest levels during the night: glucagon (p<0.0001, peak time 18:26h), GLP-1 (p<0.0001, peak time 17:28h), GIP (p<0.0001, peak time 18:01h), C-peptide (p<0.0001, peak time 17.59h), and glucose (p<0.0001, peak time 23:26h). As expected, we found significant correlations between the levels of C-peptide and GLP-1 and GIP, but not between glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP and glucose.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that plasma levels of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP follow a diurnal, most likely circadian rhythm in young healthy males that appear independent of food intake. These findings underpin disturbed circadian rhythm as a potential risk factor for diabetes and obesity.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06166368. Registered 12 December 2023.
Prevalence of familial BRCA1/2 mutation in four cancer types in the United Arab Emirates and of Arab Nationals
Authors: Al-Ali Abeer Arif Abdulla Abutalib , Ali Moza Mohamed Ali Alechleh Al , El-Shourbagy Dalia Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid , Tirmazy Syed Hammad Hassan , Latif Muhammad Farooq , Yasaei Hemad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives: The presence of BRCA1/2 gene mutation significantly impacts the current and future management of patients. Germline BRCA1/2 mutations are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome with significant lifetime risk. These mutations can put patients at risk of other malignancies, such as prostate, pancreatic, and male breast cancer. Hence, screening of gBRCA1/2 variants in high-risk populations is recommended. Mutations in BRCA1/2 are increasingly used in patients' treatment decisions for breast, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. PARP inhibitors have shown significant improvements in the outcome of these patients. Here, we aim to estimate the incidence and characteristics of gBRCA1/2 variants, including variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in the UAE population.
Methods: A total of 443 patients (n=306 cancers and n=137 for screening) underwent gBRCA1/2 testing through whole gene sequencing on the Illumina NextSeq500 system from 2017 until December 2022. Dubai Scientific Research Ethics authorized access to patient clinical and genetic data.
Results: A total of 23 pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants were identified in BRCA1/2 genes from 306 (7.5%) cancer patients with 17 VUS (4.9%). Another five P/LP variants were reported from the family screening cohort of 131 (3.6%), including nine VUS (6.6%). Most VUS variants were identified in the BRCA2 gene.
Conclusion: The prevalence of germline BRCA1/2 mutation in four cancer types in the UAE was 7.5% and 3.6% among non-cancer patients. Genetic testing influences the treatment plan for cancer patients, and family screening could be utilized as a tool for genetic risk assessment and prevention. By providing a landscape of BRCA1/2 variants in the UAE, clinical management can be improved for the UAE population.
Optimization of Storage Allocation of Mobile Racks Based on Demand Forecast
Authors: wang xinyu , ji chengjun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The complexity of a single multi-product order structure of retail e-commerce enterprises. There is a difficult situation of time-consuming step-by-step picking and a heavy load of rack handling. The product fails to take advantage of the flexibility of the mobile racks. Matching with the shelves according to the sales rules results in a long pick-and-walk distance. The general classification storage strategy in the warehouse makes it difficult to deal with fragmented picking. Given this, the optimization of the storage position of mobile racks in the warehouse of retail e-commerce enterprises is studied. A combination optimization model is established to minimize the length of the pick road. The first stage is the introduction of complex network abstraction of each commodity for the nodes to establish the correlation network, mining within the order of the commodity demand correlation for clustering; In the second stage, a subset of (1, N) Grey-Prediction model related factor series is used to distribute racks for the first stage of clustered commodity portfolio using single parent evolutionary genetic algorithm under elite strategy based on short-term sales prediction. The evaluation of the experimental data shows that compared to the current storage strategy of the enterprise, the optimized model yields a better-quality solution. Robustness perturbed by order size. At least a 2.85% reduction in pick length at large parameters. Rack handling is reduced by at least 5.62%. The result of a short distance and a small number of picks is realized.
Pure-high-even-order dispersion bound solitons complexes in ultra-fast fiber lasers
Authors: Gao Bo , Han Ying , Wen Honglin , Ma Chunyang , Huo Jiayu , Li Yingying , Zhou Luyao , Wu Ge , Liu Lie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Temporal solitons have been the focus of much research due to their fascinating physical properties. These solitons can form bound states, which are fundamentally crucial modes in fiber laser and present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts, which means they have potential applications in large-capacity transmission and all-optical information storage. Although traditionally, second-order dispersion has been the dominant dispersion for conventional solitons, recent experimental and theoretical research has shown that pure-high-even-order dispersion (PHEOD) solitons with energy-width scaling can arise from the interaction of arbitrary negative-even-order dispersion and Kerr nonlinearity. Despite these advancements, research on the bound states of PHEOD solitons is currently non-existent. In this study, we obtained PHEOD bound solitons in a fiber laser using an intra-cavity spectral pulse shaper for high-order dispersion management. Specifically, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of PHEOD solitons and PHEOD bound solitons with pure-quartic, -sextic, -octic, and -decic dispersion. Numerical simulations corroborate these experimental observations. Furthermore, vibrating phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, sliding phase PHEOD bound soliton pairs, and hybrid phase PHEOD bound tri-soliton are discovered and characterized. These results broaden the fundamental understanding of solitons and show the universality of multi-soliton patterns.
Comparative Study of Water Supply Indicators for a Highly-Regulated Urbanized Basin
Authors: Ishak Ahmad Fakhri , Lee Wei Koon , Lim Foo Hoat , Ishak Asnor Muizan , Ahmad@Hasan Asmadi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As water scarcity intensifies in the face of climate change, water resources decision-making process requires the selection of appropriate indices which are subjected to accurate interpretation. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of three water resources indices: the Falkenmark Indicator (FI), Water Stress Index (WSI) and Water Resources Index (WRI). These indices are useful to assess water resource availability but each using different methodology and thus giving different insights to the basin water resource condition. We consider Klang River basin in Malaysia, a highly-regulated and urbanized basin with escalating water demand and competition between sectorial users. The indicator/ indices are derived from water allocation modelling based on historical data between year 2016 to 2018. Results show that consideration of basin storage (WRI) and water abstraction (WSI) offers more realistic representation of the basin water availability. The WRI offers further advantage in terms of temporal resolution over the course of the calendar year. It is concluded that decision-makers and stakeholders stand to benefit from effective water resource management strategies derived based on reliable analysis using the most relevant index.
Knowing the Psychological Risks of Anti-epidemic Rescue Teams for COVID-19 by Simplified Risk Probability Scale
Authors: Bo Yan , Liu Hengyan , Zhang Minghui , He Jianxun , Miao Chuhan , Sha Ren , Yu Haodong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to anti-epidemic rescue teams composed ofnon-medical professionals, such as security guards and volunteers. Our study aims to address how the Simplified Risk Probability Scale (SRPS), such as the Self-Assessed Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Assessed Depression Scale (SDS), can be used to assess the psychological risks of anti-epidemic rescue teams when facing COVID-19 and how to implement appropriate interventions for high-risk groups.
Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study and collected data through an online survey. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling and were provided with informed consent. The survey included a COVID-19 self-made survey scale, as well as the SAS and SDS questionnaires to assess depression and anxiety symptoms. The study followed ethical standards and included 566 respondents from Lanzhou, China.
Results: 43.8% of anti-epidemic rescue team members experienced depression symptoms, while 33.3% experienced anxiety. The severity of depression and anxiety symptoms was positively correlated with the duration of work and the frequency of contact with COVID-19 patients. Female participants and those with lower education levels were more likely to experience thesesymptoms.
Conclusions: Our research has found that the psychological risks of rescue teams when facing COVID-19 come from anxiety and depression, and compelling psychological intervention can significantly reduce these risks. Overall, this study provides important insights into the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anti-epidemic rescue teams and underscores the need for ongoing support and resources to protect the mental health of these essential workers.