bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report of a rare cause of secondary hypertension illustrating the importance of cardio-obstetric preconception counselling
Authors: Meister Theo A , Soria Rodrigo , Bubulyte Laura , Spano Giancarlo , Makaloski Vladimir , Raio Luigi , Rexhaj Emrush 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases represent a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. High blood pressure during pregnancy is a major driver of short- and long-term cardiovascular health in both mother and child. Screening and adequate treatment of elevated blood pressure before pregnancy significantly reduce mortality risk to mother and child.

Case summary
A 30-year-old woman with middle aortic coarctation (MAC) previously treated with aortic stenting was referred to our cardio-obstetrics with plans to become pregnant. The clinical examination revealed severe hypertension with a significant blood pressure gradient between the upper and lower limbs. The patient underwent computed tomography angiography showing re-stenosis of the aorta. After the analysis of the benefit risk of all treatment options, percutaneous transluminal aortic in-stent re-stenting was performed. Following the intervention, blood pressure profile significantly improved but remained slightly elevated further necessitating the introduction of an antihypertensive therapy.

Discussion
This clinical case condenses several challenges encountered in the management of hypertension in women who plan to become pregnant. Firstly, it emphasizes the fact that secondary causes of chronic hypertension, including MAC, do not have to be overlooked in childbearing age patient. Secondly, it illustrates the need for a multidisciplinary analysis of all available treatment options in view of a future pregnancy. Finally, it discusses the particular follow-up and potential complications in pregnant women with MAC and aortic stent.
Giant aneurysm of the left atrial appendage: a case report
Authors: Coraducci Francesca , Barbarossa Alessandro , Coretti Francesca , Belleggia Sara , Guerra Federico 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Left atrial appendage aneurysm (LAAA) is a rare condition mostly due to congenital malformations or secondary causes (i.e. mitral regurgitation).

Case summary
We present a case of a 47-year-old male with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with propafenone presented to our emergency department for palpitation and epigastric pain. The electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation at high ventricular rate and a new-onset left bundle branch block. Urgent coronary angiogram excluded coronary artery disease. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance revealed a giant LAAA. The electrocardiogram alterations were deemed secondary to aberrancy and treatment with class IC antiarrhythmic. The patient was discussed in the heart team, and considering his will to avoid surgery, he was managed conservatively with closed follow-up, anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic therapy, and internal loop recorder. At 1-year follow-up, he showed asymptomatic and without arrhythmias.

Discussion
Few cases are described in the literature; therefore, there is uncertainty in treatment and prognosis. Diagnosis is achieved with multimodality imaging. Treatment can be surgical with aneurysmectomy or conservative with regular follow-up by imaging examinations and pharmacological therapy aimed to prevent complications such as thrombosis and arrhythmias. Since high-quality scientific data are lacking, shared decision-making is essential for the management of patients affected by LAAA. In our clinical case, our patient’s will to not undergo surgery was considered, and therefore, a conservative management with strict follow-up and medications was chosen.
Predicting multifaceted risks using machine learning in atrial fibrillation: insights from GLORIA-AF study
Authors: Lu Juan , Bisson Arnaud , Bennamoun Mohammed , Zheng Yalin , Sanfilippo Frank M , Hung Joseph , Briffa Tom , McQuillan Brendan , Stewart Jonathon , Figtree Gemma , Huisman Menno V , Dwivedi Girish , Lip Gregory Y H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher risk of ischaemic stroke and death. While anticoagulants are effective at reducing these risks, they increase the risk of bleeding. Current clinical risk scores only perform modestly in predicting adverse outcomes, especially for the outcome of death. We aimed to test the multi-label gradient boosting decision tree (ML-GBDT) model in predicting risks for adverse outcomes in a prospective global AF registry.

Methods and results
We studied patients from phase II/III of the Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Anti-Thrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation registry between 2011 and 2020. The outcomes were all-cause death, ischaemic stroke, and major bleeding within 1 year following the AF. We trained the ML-GBDT model and compared its discrimination with the clinical scores in predicting patient outcomes. A total of 25 656 patients were included [mean age 70.3 years (SD 10.3); 44.8% female]. Within 1 year after AF, ischaemic stroke occurred in 215 (0.8%), major bleeding in 405 (1.6%), and death in 897 (3.5%) patients. Our model achieved an optimized area under the curve in predicting death (0.785, 95% CI: 0.757–0.813) compared with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (0.747, P = 0.007), ischaemic stroke (0.691, 0.626–0.756) compared with CHA2DS2-VASc (0.613, P = 0.028), and major bleeding (0.698, 0.651–0.745) as opposed to HAS-BLED (0.607, P = 0.002), with improvement in net reclassification index (10.0, 12.5, and 23.6%, respectively).

Conclusion
The ML-GBDT model outperformed clinical risk scores in predicting the risks in patients with AF. This approach could be used as a single multifaceted holistic tool to optimize patient risk assessment and mitigate adverse outcomes when managing AF.
Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: a systematic review
Authors: Tsampasian Vasiliki , Bäck Maria , Bernardi Marco , Cavarretta Elena , Dębski Maciej , Gati Sabiha , Hansen Dominique , Kränkel Nicolle , Koskinas Konstantinos C , Niebauer Josef , Spadafora Luigi , Frias Vargas Manuel , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Vassiliou Vassilios S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients’ lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome.

Methods and results
An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review.

Conclusion
This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.
Law and the political economy of AI production
Authors: Terzis Petros 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The governance of artificial intelligence (AI) is at a historical juncture. Legislative acts, global treaties, export controls, and technical standards are now dominating the discourse over what used to be a predominantly market-driven space. Amidst all this frenzy, this paper explains why none of these projects will achieve ‘alignment’ of AI with the prospect of a sustainable model of production authentically committed to the rights and freedoms of people and communities. By reflecting on the role of law in consolidating the visions and logics of few multinationals in the global value chains of AI, it warns against the peril of regulating AI without looking at the methods and logistics of its material production. Following a detailed overview of the various (techno-)legal ways through which law enables the flow of materials, capital, and power from Global South to Global North, and from small players to lead firms, the paper concludes with some preliminary thoughts on a transformative agenda for the transnational regulation of infocomputational production.
Enhancing aircraft engine remaining useful life prediction via multiscale deep transfer learning with limited data
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Zhiyao , Guo Peng , Wang Yi , Liang Junxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of the aircraft engine based on historical data plays a pivotal role in formulating maintenance strategies and mitigating the risk of critical failures. None the less, attaining precise RUL predictions often encounters challenges due to the scarcity of historical condition monitoring data. This paper introduces a multiscale deep transfer learning framework via integrating domain adaptation principles. The framework encompasses three integral components: a feature extraction module, an encoding module, and an RUL prediction module. During pre-training phase, the framework leverages a multiscale convolutional neural network to extract distinctive features from data across varying scales. The ensuing parameter transfer adopts a domain adaptation strategy centered around maximum mean discrepancy. This method efficiently facilitates the acquisition of domain-invariant features from the source and target domains. The refined domain adaptation Transformer-based multiscale convolutional neural network model exhibits enhanced suitability for predicting RUL in the target domain under the condition of limited samples. Experiments on the C-MAPSS dataset have shown that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
Banking and debunking: applying Freirean Theory to the educational challenges of conspiracy culture
Authors: Cottrell-Boyce Aidan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The rise of conspiracy culture and the growing influence of conspiracy theories have attracted the attention of scholars from a range of fields. In recent years, Daniel Jolley, Asbjørn Dyrendal, and others have noted the prevalence of conspiracy theories amongst adolescent schoolchildren in Scandinavia and the UK. This article draws on Paulo Freire’s concept of the ‘banking model’ of education to make the case against a ‘debunking’ approach to anticonspiracist education. It argues that conspiracism should be understood as a feature of our culture and as such it should be interrogated rather than dismissed by educators who are engaged in the process of educating for democracy.
JWST lensed quasar dark matter survey – I. Description and first results
Authors: Nierenberg A M , Keeley R E , Sluse D , Gilman D , Birrer S , Treu T , Abazajian K N , Anguita T , Benson A J , Bennert V N , Djorgovski S G , Du X , Fassnacht C D , Hoenig S F , Kusenko A , Lemon C , Malkan M , Motta V , Moustakas L A , Stern D , Wechsler R H 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The flux ratios of gravitationally lensed quasars provide a powerful probe of the nature of dark matter. Importantly, these ratios are sensitive to small-scale structure, irrespective of the presence of baryons. This sensitivity may allow us to study the halo mass function even below the scales where galaxies form observable stars. For accurate measurements, it is essential that the quasar’s light is emitted from a physical region of the quasar with an angular scale of milliarcseconds or larger; this minimizes microlensing effects by stars within the deflector. The warm dust region of quasars fits this criterion, as it has parsec-size physical scales and dominates the spectral energy distribution of quasars at wavelengths greater than 10 μm. The JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument is adept at detecting redshifted light in this wavelength range, offering both the spatial resolution and sensitivity required for accurate gravitational lensing flux ratio measurements. Here, we introduce our survey designed to measure the warm dust flux ratios of 31 lensed quasars. We discuss the flux-ratio measurement technique and present results for the first target, DES J0405-3308. We find that we can measure the quasar warm dust flux ratios with 3 per cent precision. Our simulations suggest that this precision makes it feasible to detect the presence of 107 M⊙ dark matter haloes at cosmological distances. Such haloes are expected to be completely dark in cold dark matter models.
Timescapes, subjectivity and emotions after the India–Tibet earthquake, 1950
Authors: Haines Daniel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Scholarship on historical temporality has explored what time meant to people in the past. Going further, how did historical actors’ perception of time shape their experience of events? Jean and Francis Kingdon-Ward, two British travellers, lived through a major earthquake on India and Tibet’s mountainous frontier in 1950. Their numerous published and unpublished narrative accounts showed that the earthquake severely disrupted their physical environment, inducing powerful emotions and changing their sense of the passage of time. Comparisons with other accounts by British and some Indian survivors of mid twentieth-century earthquakes in South Asia showed that others, too, felt that earthquakes disrupted their sense of linear, well-ordered time. This article develops Barbara Adam’s concept of timescapes to emphasize how a temporal subject-position is made up of feelings and thoughts. It draws on psychological research on the relationship between emotion and time-perception to reveal a temporal subjectivity that extended through and beyond a moment of extreme stress, and was closely connected to place. New insights are offered for scholarship on the histories of emotions, subjectivity and the environment, putting emotions more firmly into our understanding of historical time.
NGOs and Global Business Regulation of Transnational Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Food Industries
Authors: Ralston Rob , Townsend Belinda , Arnanz Liz , Baum Fran , Cullerton Katherine , Holmes Rodney , Martin Jane , Collin Jeff , Friel Sharon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of conceptual and empirical research on global business regulation and private authority, we surprisingly know little about the governance functions of NGOs engaged in influencing the practices of corporations that produce health-harming commodities. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced in the issue area of noncommunicable diseases. This article begins to address this gap by mapping the networks of NGOs that engage in regulatory activities (rule-setting, monitoring, and enforcement) related to the (ultra)processed food and alcohol industries. We identify the networks of NGOs involved in global policy making across health, regulatory standards, and multistakeholder initiatives using nonstate actor submissions to consultations held by World Health Organization, UN Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and the UN Global Compact. This paper examines NGO governance functions and their patterns of engagement and participation across institutional spheres. Overall, the article makes a twofold contribution to existing debates. First, we identify the governance functions through which NGOs attempt to hold corporations to account, contrasting their “watchdog” function with other governance functions. Second, we examine the representation of NGOs, highlighting asymmetries in participation of NGOs in the Global North and South.
A mode of convergence arising in diffusive relaxation
Authors: Alves Nuno J , Paulos João 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, a mode of convergence for measurable functions is introduced. A related notion of Cauchy sequence is given, and it is proved that this notion of convergence is complete in the sense that Cauchy sequences converge. Moreover, the preservation of convergence under composition is investigated. The origin of this mode of convergence lies in the path of proving that the density of a Euler system converges almost everywhere (up to subsequences) towards the density of a non-linear diffusion system, as a consequence of the convergence in the relaxation limit.
Cancer cell response to extrinsic and intrinsic mechanical cue: opportunities for tumor apoptosis strategies
Authors: Shu Jun , Deng Huan , Zhang Yu , Wu Fang , He Jing 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Increasing studies have revealed the importance of mechanical cues in tumor progression, invasiveness and drug resistance. During malignant transformation, changes manifest in either the mechanical properties of the tissue or the cellular ability to sense and respond to mechanical signals. The major focus of the review is the subtle correlation between mechanical cues and apoptosis in tumor cells from a mechanobiology perspective. To begin, we focus on the intracellular force, examining the mechanical properties of the cell interior, and outlining the role that the cytoskeleton and intracellular organelle-mediated intracellular forces play in tumor cell apoptosis. This article also elucidates the mechanisms by which extracellular forces guide tumor cell mechanosensing, ultimately triggering the activation of the mechanotransduction pathway and impacting tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, a comprehensive examination of the present status of the design and development of anti-cancer materials targeting mechanotransduction is presented, emphasizing the underlying design principles. Furthermore, the article underscores the need to address several unresolved inquiries to enhance our comprehension of cancer therapeutics that target mechanotransduction.
Exposure of Neighborhood Racial and Socio-Economic Composition in Activity Space: A New Approach Adjusting for Residential Conditions
Authors: Cai Liang , Browning Christopher R , Cagney Kathleen A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A longstanding urban sociological literature emphasizes the geographic isolation of city dwellers in residence and everyday routines, expecting exposures to neighborhood racial and socio-economic structure driven principally by city-wide segregation and the role of proximity and homophily in mobility. The compelled mobility approach emphasizes the uneven distribution of organizational and institutional resources across urban space, expecting residents of poor Black-segregated neighborhoods to exhibit non-trivial levels of everyday exposure to White, non-poor areas for resource seeking. We use two sets of location data in the hypersegregated Chicago metro to examine these two approaches: Global Positioning System (GPS) location tracking on a sample of older adults from the Chicago Health and Activity Space in Real-Time (CHART) study and travel diaries on a sample of younger adults by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP). We introduce a novel and flexible individual-level method for assessing activity space exposures that accounts for the spatially proximate environment around home. Analyses reveal that activity space contexts mimic the racial/ethnic and socio-economic landscape of respondents’ broad residential environment. However, after residential-based adjustment, Black younger (CMAP) adults from poor Black neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to Whiter, less Black but less non-poor neighborhoods. Older (CHART) adult activity spaces align more closely with their residential areas; however, activity spaces of poor-Black-neighborhood-residing CHART Blacks are systematically poorer and, less consistently, more Black and less White after local area adjustment. Implications for understanding contextual exposures on well-being and the potential for age or cohort differences in isolation are discussed.
Cryptic diversity in toads of the Rhinella marina species group (Anura, Bufonidae) with a subjectively beautiful new species from Western Ecuador
Authors: Menéndez-Guerrero Pablo A , Lima dos Santos Sueny P , Salazar-Nicholls María-José , Green David M , Ron Santiago R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The mainly Mesoamerican cane toad, Rhinella horribilis, is the northernmost species in the Rhinella marina species group of giant or cane toads, occupying an extensive range west of the Andean Cordillera from Ecuador north to southern Texas. However, a thorough assessment of geographic variation among R. horribilis populations, and of the phylogenetic relationships of the R. marina species complex, indicates previously unsuspected diversity within this species as currently recognized. Specifically, we evaluated whether toad populations from western Ecuador represent an evolutionary lineage distinct from the rest of R. horribilis based on extensive specimen collections and the combined evidence of mtDNA sequence variation, morphological, bioacoustics, and environmental information. Our results revealed that populations west of the Ecuadorian Andes constitute a well-supported, monophyletic clade that is distinctly different genetically, morphologically, acoustically, and ecologically from a sister taxon composed of R. horribilis populations from Central America and from populations ascribable to R. marina s.s. from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador and other countries. The weight of evidence confirms a new species (R. bellasp. nov.), described here, adding to our understanding of biogeographic relationships in this widespread clade of Neotropical toads. The new species name means ‘beautiful’ in Latin, in contrast to its sister species, ‘horribilis’. In addition, we designate a lectotype for Bufo marinus var. fluminensis to avoid ambiguity in the applicability of that name.
Identification and Fungicide Sensitivity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Root Rot of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China
Authors: Wang Chunwei , Hao Dainan , Jiao Wenhui , Li Jiangbo , Yuan Jiaqi , Ma Yurong , Wang Xiaomin , Xu Ailing , Wang Meiqin , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2024

Fusarium root rot is usually classified as an extremely destructive soilborne disease. From 2020 to 2021, Fusarium root rot was observed in production areas and seriously affected the yield and quality of Scutellaria baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. Based on morphological characteristics and combined analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha sequences, 68 Fusarium isolates obtained in this work were identified as F. oxysporum (52.94%), F. acuminatum (20.59%), F. solani (16.17%), F. proliferatum (5.88%), F. incarnatum (2.94%), and F. brachygibbosum (1.47%). In the pathogenicity tests, all Fusarium isolates could infect S. baicalensis roots, presenting different pathogenic ability. Among these isolates, F. oxysporum was found to have the highest virulence on S. baicalensis roots, followed by F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. brachygibbosum, and F. incarnatum. According to fungicide sensitivity tests, Fusarium isolates were more sensitive to fludioxonil and difenoconazole, followed by carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and hymexazol. In brief, this is the first report of Fusarium species ( F. oxysporum, F. acuminatum, F. solani, F. proliferatum, F. incarnatum, and F. brachygibbosum) as causal agents of root rot of S. baicalensis in Shanxi Province, China. The fungicide sensitivity results will be helpful for formulating management strategies of S. baicalensis root rot.