bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
نموذج تفكيك شقرة المجاني المعرفي: سبع خطوات لزيادة التحصيل العلمي للطلاب
Authors: أحمد بالخير د. إبراهيم 
Published: January 2024

يتناول هذا العرض كتاب تعتقد أنه ذو قيمة للعملية التعليمية من حيث الولوج إلى أسلوب تدريس قد يساعد في الوصول إلي من العملية التعليمية فقد درجت بعض المؤسسات التعليمية على التحديث المستمر لعنصر البشرية القائمة بالمهمة التدريسية، وذلك من خلال الاطلاع على والاستفادة من أفكار ومنشورات الخبراء في مجال علم أصول التدريس. ومن بين هؤلاء الخبراء الكاتب David Pac والذي تميز بالتحليل في هذا المجال، حيث قام بإصدار كتاب (the decoding the disciplines paradigm: seven steps to increased student learning) من منشورات جامعة إنديانا في سنة 2017.
في هذا الكتاب يعتقد الكاتب بأن العملية التعلمية برغم تطورها إلا أنها لازالت تواجه مشكلة التواصل الفعال بين المعلم وطلابه، ففي أحيان كثيرة يصطدم الطلاب بمعضلة في مجال المعرفة. تعتبر هي المفتاح الرئيسي لفهم واستيعاب أساسيات وأصول هذا المجال المعرفي.
هذه المعضلة يستعر لها الكاتب الصلع عنق الزجاجة bottleneck: وذلك للتشديد على أنه بدون التفكيك، والفهم الجيد لهذه المعضلة سوف يكون الطلاب في حلة فهم مرتبك لمحتوى المجال المعرفي.
يحاول الكاتب في هذا الكتاب تطوير نموذج يعتقد بأنه يساعد الأستاذ على تذليل هذه المعضلة، من خلال نموذج لتفكيكها على خطوات لجعلها في متناول الفهم الجيد عند الطلاب الكتاب يتضمن مقدمة عن معنى تفكيك شفرة المجال المعرفي وسبعة فصول تستعرض خطوات تفكيك شفرة المجال المعرفي بغرض زيادة التحصيل العلمي لدى الطلاب، والفصل الأخير يستشرف مستقبل هذا النموذج
تشرح مقدمة هذا الكتاب المقصود بمفهوم decoding the disciplines
تفكيك شفرة المجال المعرفي، والذين يمثل جوهر نموذج الكتاب، كل مجال معرفة
( هندسة، صيدلة، قانون أو محاسبة) ويرتكز على أصول وأساسيات محددة، يعتبرها الكاتب هي شفرة هذا المجال المعرفي.
Clinical and functional status and postoperative complications in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the age aspect
Authors: Kamenskaya O. V. , Klinkova A. S. , Loginova I. Y. , Porotnikova S. S. , Volkova I. I. , Doronin D. V. , Lomivorotov V. N. , Chernyavskiy A. M. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To study the clinical and functional status and the early postoperative follow-up in elderly patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).Material and methods. Patients with CTEPH were divided into two groups: group 1 (35 people) – patients ≥65 years old, group 2 (98 people) – <65 years old. The baseline clinical and functional data of both groups and the in-hospital period after pulmonary endarterectomy, were analysed.Results. Patients with CTEPH ≥65 years old compared with patients <65 years old were characterized by a higher comorbidity, a higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular events and the presence of chronic heart failure IV class (p<0.05). Echo-CG data in patients with CTEPH ≥65 years old were characterized by a large size of the left atrium, more pronounced hypertrophy of the right ventricle free wall, interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall compared with younger patients (p<0.05). Also, in patients ≥65 years old, lower values of the left ventricular ejection fraction were found with preservation of global myocardial contractility (p<0.05). The early postoperative period in patients with CTEPH ≥65 years is characterized by a more severe course compared to the group of patients <65 years due to a larger proportion of patients with the development of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation, multiple organ failure and postoperative bleeding (p<0.05). Despite this, there were no intergroup differences in the length of the hospital period and in-hospital mortality (p>0.05).Conclusion. The early postoperative results of pulmonary endarterectomy in elderly patients with CTEPH showed no differences in the length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality compared with younger patients, which indicates the feasibility of surgical treatment of this category of patients in the specialized cardiac surgical centers.
Engineering Strategies to Modulate the Gut Microbiome and Immune System
Authors: Han Kai , Xu Jin , Xie Fang , Crowther Julia , Moon James J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The gut microbiota, predominantly residing in the colon, is a complex ecosystem with a pivotal role in the host immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with various diseases, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics that target the microbiome and restore immune functions. This Brief Review discusses emerging therapeutic strategies that focus on oral delivery systems for modulating the gut microbiome. These strategies include genetic engineering of probiotics, probiotic-biomaterial hybrids, dietary fibers, and oral delivery systems for microbial metabolites, antimicrobial peptides, RNA, and antibiotics. Engineered oral formulations have demonstrated promising outcomes in reshaping the gut microbiome and influencing immune responses in preclinical studies. By leveraging these approaches, the interplay between the gut microbiota and the immune system can be harnessed for the development of novel therapeutics against cancer, autoimmune disorders, and allergies.
Microengineered In Vitro Assays for Screening and Sorting Manufactured Therapeutic T Cells
Authors: Muhuri Abir K , Alapan Yunus , Camargo Camila P , Thomas Susan N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Adoptively transferred T cells constitute a major class of current and emergent cellular immunotherapies for the treatment of disease, including but not limited to cancer. Although key advancements in molecular recognition, genetic engineering, and manufacturing have dramatically enhanced their translational potential, therapeutic potency remains limited by poor homing and infiltration of transferred cells within target host tissues. In vitro microengineered homing assays with precise control over micromechanical and biological cues can address these shortcomings by enabling interrogation, screening, sorting, and optimization of therapeutic T cells based on their homing capacity. In this article, the working principles, application, and integration of microengineered homing assays for the mechanistic study of biophysical and biomolecular cues relevant to homing of therapeutic T cells are reviewed. The potential for these platforms to enable scalable enrichment and screening of next-generation manufactured T cell therapies for cancer is also discussed.
The role of clinical and laboratory finding in the differential diagnosis of hantavirus and leptospirosis infections
Authors: Şahin Ahmet Melih , Çetin Sinan , Şenel İlknur , Erdem-Çakır Tuğçegül , Aydın Emsal , Yetkin Meltem Arzu 
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:
Hantavirus and leptospirosis infections are zoonotic diseases with similar clinical and laboratory findings. The aim of this study is to identify the distinguishing features of these two diseases, for which a definitive diagnosis can take a long time.

Methods:
Between September 2021 and June 2023, a total of 45 patients who were admitted to our hospital and were diagnosed with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) or leptospirosis were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were compared in terms of demographic data, clinical, and laboratory parameters. The role of these variables in predicting HFRS or leptospirosis was investigated. The two diseases were compared with regard to outcomes. Receiver operating characteristics were employed for the calculation of cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for parameters showing significant differences. A statistical significance level of p<0.05 was considered.

Results:
Fifteen patients diagnosed with HFRS and thirty patients diagnosed with leptospirosis were included in the study. In both groups, hospital admissions were observed with non-specific and similar symptoms. There was no statistically significant difference observed between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay, blood product transfusion, requirement for hemodialysis, intensive care unit admission, the rate of return to normal renal function and mortality. Elevated ferritin levels were statistically significant in favor of HFRS, while lymphopenia, elevated bilirubin, CRP, and ESR were statistically significant in favor of leptospirosis.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The use of laboratory findings and clinical symptoms can aid in the challenging task of accurately diagnosing and using appropriate treatment for these two diseases.
Single jar for collecting and rearing mosquito life stages: An innovative prototype
Authors: Kachhwaha Neetu 
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:
Mosquitoes vectors are the key threat that spread viruses, bacteria, nematodes, protozoans, and other infections responsible for the transmission of serious public health ailments including dengue, yellow fever, malaria, and chikungunya.

Methods:
To rear and cultivate mosquitoes at multiple stages of development (egg, larva, pupa, and adult) to be employed in various biomedical research, an innovative tool mosquito larva adult 2-in-1 rearing jar was designed and developed. The eggs/larvae or adults collected from the field or laboratory cultures can be released into the lower larvae or upper adult-rearing chamber so that they can find a suitable breeding place to oviposit or metamorphose into wrigglers and tumblers attaining the adult stage. Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex are three significant genera (Diptera: Culicidae) that were reared in experiments using this jar (Method I) in contrast to other conventional instruments available (Method II).

Results:
Results of one-way ANOVA showed that the prototype was compatible and competitive for rearing, as the data was non-significant when compared in both groups. However, throughout the trials, it was discovered that the prototype had a greater record of mean percentage of adult emergence (98.33), which supports the novelty of the instrument.

Interpretation & conclusion:
This unique device eliminates the need for multiple tools, causes minimum bodily damage to stages during handling, can be used in both the lab and the field, is inexpensive, lightweight, portable, and requires single manpower to operate.
Investigation of in vitro and in vivo therapeutic activity of Tarantula cubensis extract (Theranekron®) on Leishmania major
Authors: Akyol Elif , Polat Zübeyda Akın 
Published: January 2024

Background & objectives:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania. The need for new anti-leishmanial drugs for the treatment of CL is complicated by factors such as high cost, toxicity, potential for resistance and limited long-term use of existing anti-leishmanial drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCE), which has been shown to have wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, regenerative, resolving and epithelialising effects, on Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro and in vivo in an experimental mouse model of CL.

Methods:
The effect of TCE on L. major promastigotes in vitro was investigated after determining non-cytotoxic concentrations of TCE using the XTT method. To establish a CL model, L. major amastigotes were injected into the paws of BALB/c mice. Lesion size and histopathological evaluation were used to assess the effect of treatment.

Results:
TCE was found to be effective against L. major promastigotes at 24 h and 48 h at concentrations 250 μg/ mL, 125 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL (P<0.05). TCE was found to be more effective than meglumine antimonate in treating CL in the experimentally induced CL model in BALB/c mice.

Interpretation & conclusion:
The results suggest that TCE holds promising potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of CL. However, further extensive investigations are required to substantiate and expand our understanding in this area.
Design and Manufacture of Computer-controlled Wear Device for Biomedical Material: A Different Ambient pH Experimental Application
Authors: Yilmaz Efe Cetin , Polat Murat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The wear resistance of biomaterials determined in experimental studies will have a major impact on material selection in clinical applications. Because the experimental determination of optimum material behavior will provide a more comfortable treatment process in clinical terms.

Methods:
In this study, a computer-controlled device with rotating parts that can determine the abrasion resistance of biomaterials placed in the human mouth has been design and manufacture in the experimental study. The periodic wear behavior of biomaterials placed in the human mouth was determined by the experiments carried out on this device. Test specimen was stored in the distill water for 7 days before the wear test procedures. Then, the composite test specimen was subjected to 15N wear force, 10.000 rotating wear cycle, 37°C ambient temperature, 2 Hz wear frequency immersed drinking water (about pH = 7.7), and citric acid solution (about pH = 3.2). Al2O3 balls were used as antagonist materials in every wear test procedure (d = 6 mm). Composite test specimen’s microhardness values were determined with Vickers hardness method before wear test procedures.

Results:
With the data obtained in this study, it was observed that the composite biomaterial had more wear volume scar loss in the acidic environment.

Conclusion:
In addition, it was observed in the microstructure analyses that the designed device affected the wear area, thus it was proved that the device remained in the optimum region throughout the wear test procedures.
A Case Report of Co-occurrence of Hemoglobinopathy EE and Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase A+ Variant
Authors: Basumatary Noymi , Baruah Dipankar , Sarma Paresh Kumar , Sarmah Jatin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hemoglobinopathies and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are two genetic disorders prevalent in malaria-endemic regions. There are conflicting reports on the co-occurrence of G6PD deficiency and hemoglobinopathies. The present study was conducted to explore the co-occurrence (if any) of the two disorders among ethnic populations of Proto-Australoid and Mongoloid origin races. Out of 2310 subjects screened, only one case was detected with both disorders. The case described here is an asymptomatic female of 52 years detected with both hemoglobinopathy EE (HbEE) and G6PD A+ variant. Lower levels of hemoglobin (Hb) %, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration, platelets, and white blood cell count, and high red cell distribution width and fetal Hb% were recorded. Family screening revealed both daughters as HbAE and normal G6PD. The husband had HbAA and normal G6PD. Out of six siblings of the case subject, two were detected as HbEE and four as HbAE; G6PD was normal.
Antioxidant Phenolics of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost. Promote Thrombolytic Activity through Binding to a Serine Protease, Tissue Plasminogen Activator Protein
Authors: Paul Annika Maria , Nag Anish 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) protein dissolutes fibrin clots and prevents the disease like thrombosis. The current study aimed to study the tPA-promoting activity of bioactive molecules of Justicia adhatoda L (JA) and Cordia dichotoma Frost (CD).

Methods:
The phytochemical characterization of methanolic and aqueous extracts of JA and CD stems was performed through qualitative analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and biochemical tests (total phenolic and total flavonoid content [TPC and TFC]). The bioactivity of the extracts was studied through total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. Finally, forty phytocompounds from JA and CD were identified from the literature, and in silico molecular docking study was performed to target tPA protein (PDB id 1A5H, Chain A, X-ray diffraction, resolution 2.90 Å).

Results:
Various phytochemical classes were identified from extracts, through qualitative and FTIR analysis. TPC and TFC were estimated from the JA and CD extracts within the range of 9.34–28.67 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g of extract weight (EW) and 2.48–16.17 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g of EW, respectively. The aqueous extract of CD showed the highest TAC of 14.90 ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE)/100 g of EW, and the methanolic extract of JA had the highest FRAP activity of 27.77 mg AAE/100 g EW. The molecular docking study showed that apigenin 6,8-di-glucopyranoside had the highest binding potential toward the tPA (−9.380 kcal/mol).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that antioxidant phytochemicals of JA and CD could promote the tPA activity, thereby promoting thrombolytic activity.
Calcium Sulfate Alone or Associated with Chorion Membrane in Deep Narrow Periodontal Defect? A Clinical and Radiographic Study
Authors: Sharda Anjusha , Ikbal SK Aziz , Verma Neelu , Gupta Sanjay , Siddiqui Zeba Rahman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Soft-tissue intervention over bony defects may impede periodontal regeneration, the sole purpose of periodontal therapy. Human chorion membrane (CM) enhances guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and restores lost tissue. Consequently, calcium sulfate may represent a promising class of bone graft substitutes that helps in significant attachment gain without GTR membrane in deep narrow defects. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of calcium sulfate graft in periodontal regeneration and to weigh the rationale of using CM for GTR in deep narrow defects.

Methods:
Thirteen patients with bilateral deep narrow defects clinically and radiographically (26 sites, ≥7 mm pocket depth [PD]) were selected and randomly allocated to Group I (open flap debridement and calcium sulfate placement) and Group II (open flap debridement and calcium sulfate with CM placement). Clinical parameters such as PD, clinical attachment level, and radiographical intrabony defect were recorded at baseline and 6 months postsurgery.

Results:
Significant attachment gain was found in both groups with nonsignificant intergroup differences.

Conclusion:
Calcium sulfate with or without CM is able to restore deep narrow bony defects efficiently. Deep narrow defects itself able to prevent soft-tissue collapse and ascertain excellent periodontal regeneration.
Toxoplasmosis as an Uncommon Finding in Biliary Brush Cytology: Case Series Exploration
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Attar Abdul Hakeem , Sheereen Shamama , Patil Namrata N. , Khan Sabiha Mokashi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. In immunocompetent hosts, it typically has no symptoms. A common source of the infection is undercooked meat. It can also be transmitted through contact with cat excrement. The parasite can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Immunocompromised patients may experience symptoms in the brain, lymph nodes, heart, liver, eye, and inner ear. Molecular methods, histology, or serology are typically used to diagnose toxoplasma. These were the few instances of toxoplasmosis identified in biliary brush smears that we know of as per research literature.

Methods:
A 4-year study was carried out by the Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital, Post Graduate Research Institute, Parbhani, India, between March 1, 2019, and March 1, 2023. A study has located five cases of cytological slides related to toxoplasmosis in the biliary brush over time.

Results:
The study looked at five cases, all of which experienced fatigue or weakness as their most common symptom. Abdominal pain was present in three of the cases. All five cases showed an enlarged common bile duct (CBD) and intrahepatic bile radicles on the ultrasound abdomen. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography shows dilated CBD and common hepatic duct. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided biliary brushing Papanicolaou (PAP) smear cytology showed the presence of numerous tachyzoite forms of toxoplasma in an inflammatory background, and the biliary brush cytology diagnosis was confirmed to be toxoplasmosis in all five cases.

Conclusion:
One of the main causes of biliary strictures is parasites. In all biliary cytology samples that tested negative for malignant cells, other potential diseases or infestations must be checked out.
Transcription Factor 7-like 2 Gene Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Stephen Sharon Benita , Devaraj Danis Vijay , Sivasubramanian Jayanthi , Antony Bibin Savio , Subbaraj Gowtham Kumar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The meta-analysis aimed to investigate transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7 L2) (rs12255372 and rs7903146) gene polymorphisms and its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a Caucasian and Asian population. The studies included in this article were obtained using online databases. We searched databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed for case–control articles related to TCF7 L2 polymorphisms and T2DM. To determine TCF7 L2 polymorphisms are significantly associated with T2DM, Metagenyo was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval. A total of 15 articles were included in this meta-analysis. TCF7 L2 rs12255372 and rs7903146 gene polymorphisms were strongly related to susceptibility to T2DM in the general population, as shown by the results of a meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis showed that both Asians and Caucasians showed a statistically significant result. This meta-analysis findings supported that TCF7 L2 rs12255372 and rs7903146 gene polymorphisms to determine susceptibility with type 2 diabetes. According to the findings of this study, people with TCF7 L2 gene polymorphisms rs12255372 for allelic, recessive, dominant, and over-dominant models have been connected to T2DM; however, rs7903146 for allelic, recessive, dominant, and over-dominant models have not been associated to the disease.
Assessment of patient satisfaction level with orthodontic treatment in private orthodontic practice: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Chaudhary Nabin Kumar , Chaulagain Tekendra , Thakur Bishow Prakash , Chaudhary Suvin 
Published: January 2024

Context:
Patient satisfaction gives important insight into the patient's expectations and perceptions of the quality of service. There have not been many studies done in Nepal on the evaluation of orthodontic treatment satisfaction after it has been completed.

Aims:
The goal of this study was to analyze patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment was completed.

Settings and Design:
In Private Dental Clinics in Kathmandu, Nepal, 115 patients who had finished their orthodontic treatment within a year of the research's inception were the subjects of this descriptive cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
The patient was called over the phone for a follow-up examination. At the time of follow-up, the data was collected from them by a self-administered questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The degree of satisfaction was measured using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and the Likert 5-point scale. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the levels of satisfaction between males and females, as well as across age groups (15–25 years) and those beyond 25 years after orthodontic treatment had finished.

Results:
The degree of satisfaction of patients was excellent regarding the behavior of the orthodontist. In terms of patient satisfaction, there was no discernible difference between patients of either gender. The degree of satisfaction with the orthodontist's behavior varied significantly across patients in the age groups of 15–25 years and those above 25 years.

Conclusion:
The level of patient satisfaction following the completion of orthodontic treatment will aid in service improvement, planning, and organization, leading to high-quality care.