bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and biofilm prevention metabolites from Acanthophora spicifera
Authors: Budiyanto Fitri , Albalawi Nawal A. , Ghandourah Mohamed A. , Sobahi Tariq R. , Aly Magda M. , Althagbi Hanan F. , Abuzahrah Samah S. , Alarif Walied M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Acanthophora spicifera harbors a diverse array of secondary metabolites with therapeutic potential. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from A. spicifera and then evaluate the antiproliferation, antibacterial, and biofilm prevention properties, followed by an analysis of molecular docking experiments. By employing chromatographic analysis and NMR spectroscopy, the isolated compounds were, the known flavonol, 8-hydroxyquercetagetin (1), three recognized steroids cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione (2), cholest-5-en-3β-ol (3), and 5α-cholestane-3,6-dione (4), and 2-bromohexadecanoic acid (5). These compounds exhibited antimicrobial effects against various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with inhibition zones ranging from 6.5 ± 0.2 to 17.2 ± 0.12 mm and 7.0 ± 0.4 to 15.3 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Compounds 1–4 demonstrated binding affinity values between −7.5 and −9.4 kcal/mol to protein 1A0G. These binding affinity values were akin to that of amoxicillin, implying that one potential antibacterial mechanism of action of these compounds may involve the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. All compounds showed no toxicity against Artemia salina and weak activity against Lymphoma and Lewis lung carcinoma cell lines with LD50 > 100 μg/mL.
A size-dependent 3D solution of functionally graded shallow nanoshells
Authors: Monge Joao Carlos , Mantari Jose Luis , Llosa Melchor Nicolas , Hinostroza Miguel Angel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An unavailable semi-analytical non-local 3D solution for functionally graded nanoshells with constant radii of curvature is presented. The small length scale effect is included in Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The constitutive and equilibrium equations are written in terms of curvilinear orthogonal coordinates systems which are only valid for spherical and cylindrical shells, and rectangular plates. The stresses and displacements are assumed in terms of the Navier method which is applicable for simply supported structures. The derivatives in terms of thickness are approximated by the differential quadrature method (DQM). The thickness domain is discretized by the Chebyshev–Gauss–Lobatto grid distribution. Lagrange interpolation polynomials are considered as the basis function for DQM. The correct free surface boundary condition for out-of-plane stresses is considered. Several problems of isotropic and functionally graded shells subjected to different types of loads are analyzed. The results are compared with other three-dimensional solutions and higher-order theories. It is important to emphasize that the radii of curvature are crucial at nanoscale, so it should be considered in the design of nanodevices.
»’l volger del ciel« – Dantes Sterne
Authors: Blume Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Riassunto
L’astronomia ha un ruolo importante nella Commedia; a più riprese si rinvia alla posizione/costellazione degli astri. Da una parte, ciò serve a definire il tempo, ma anche a chiarire le coordinate del cosmo. Dante attribuisce alla danza dei beati un movimenti armonico in qualche misura assimilabile al moto degli astri. Nel momento in cui arriva nel cielo delle stelle fisse, il narratore menziona quel segno zodiacale sotto il quale è nato e al quale si sente legato. Inoltre, nella Canzone Io son venuto al punto della rota, menziona addirittura la costellazione che si vedeva a Firenze la sera del Natale 1296.
Lectura Dantis. Paradiso XVII
Authors: Stockbrugger Philip 
Published: November 2023

Riassunto
Il canto XVII del Paradiso è il momento della definitiva consacrazione di Dante a profeta, ad opera del suo mitico progenitore Cacciaguida. Tale consacrazione avviene su di un duplice binario. Da un lato si tratta di descrivere la città di Firenze come centro simbolico di ogni malvagità, una sorta di modello in piccolo del decadimento della cristianità tutta. Dall’altro lato, specularmente, l’autore stilizza il Dante-personaggio in dialettica opposizione a tale epicentro della malvagità, come un profeta inascoltato nella sua patria snaturata. Questa lectura Dantis si propone di ripercorrere alcune strategie di questa duplice, e speculare, stilizzazione.
A Pilot Study on Investigating Primary School Students’ Eye Movements While Solving Compare Word Problems
Authors: Bartalis Ágnes , Péntek Imre , Zsoldos-Marchiș Iuliana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most difficult types of arithmetic word problems in primary school is compare problems. Among these problems, the most problematic are those in which the relational term is not consistent with the arithmetic operation required for the solution. This study investigates how 10–11-year-old primary school pupils’ read and interpret compare word problems. The consistency effect and the differences between successful and unsuccessful problem solvers are mainly studied using eye-tracking technology. The results show that students are more successful in solving consistent language (CL) problems than inconsistent language (IL) problems. Regarding eye movements during reading and solving the problems, fixation duration on the relational sentence and numbers is longer in the case of IL problems than in the case of CL problems. Compared to successful problem solvers, unsuccessful solvers fixate longer on the relational term, the pronominal reference word, and the statement and relational sentence of IL problems, but not on numbers.
Digitized Terms: The Regulation of Standard Contract Terms in the Digital Age
Authors: Möslein Florian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Digital transformation is also transforming standard contract terms. With the emergence of online platforms, supported by algorithmic data analysis and self-enforcing technologies, platform terms are becoming increasingly common. The article argues that this type of terms differs from traditional standard terms in a number of ways, and it considers whether the existing unfair contract terms regime is still appropriate. The regulatory tools once developed for standard terms in bilateral agreements – transparency requirements, fairness review, and restrictions on contracting around – seem inadequate to meet the new challenges of digital transformation. In order to preserve – or rather recreate – the architecture of choice for private contracts, the paper argues for a new regulatory strategy: In order to strike the right balance between protecting private autonomy and avoiding significant imbalances, the regulatory objective should be to ensure the impartiality of platforms by focusing on the structural conditions of their rule-making.
Entrepreneurship, Resource Rents and Institutions
Authors: Mollick Andre , Sui Lu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The resource curse hypothesis supposes that rents generated by resource booms create opportunities for rent-seeking activities, which weaken innovation and economic development due to the potentially adverse effects in competitive markets. The quality of institutions is an important channel to transform society from a rent-seeking economy to an entrepreneurial economy. We address in this paper these channels by examining necessity, opportunity, productive and innovative measures of entrepreneurship. Using annual data from 2002 to 2017, we estimate the relationship between entrepreneurship and natural resource rents for 60 countries. Allowing for measures of institutions (corruption, government policies, and cultural and social norms) and real GDP growth, we find that natural resource rents have negative effects on productive and innovative entrepreneurship, especially in high-income countries. In threshold dynamic panels, entrepreneurial activities grow with higher levels of corruption (weaker institutions), with an interpretation provided based on the higher corruption in developing economies.
Adsorption synergy electrocatalytic degradation of phenol by active oxygen-containing species generated in Co-coal based cathode and graphite anode
Authors: Su Ting , Wang Mengdan , Xianyu Bozhou , Gao Wenwen , Gao Yanli , Gao Pingqiang , Lu Cuiying 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The coal base electrodes and efficient coal base loaded cobalt electrodes (Co-CE) were prepared by pyrolysis method of low rank coal united activation method of KOH in order to develop more pores structures. The morphology of electrodes were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, meanwhile, the type of elements were detected by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The electrochemical performance of electrodes were tested by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The lamella structures and pores were observed in microtopography of electrodes and the cobalt were successfully loaded in Co-CE from the EDS analysis. The operating conditions of processing time, current density, electrolyte concentration, pH and initial phenol concentration on this electrochemical system in single factor experiment were separately explored, correspondingly, the value was 180 min, 40 mA·cm−2, 0.01 mol·L−1, 2, 100 mg·L−1, and the phenol removal rate (R) were at the range of 47.64–67.84%. In the optimization experiment of JMP design, the removal rate could reach at 83.47%. The response surface methodology was employed for optimizing operation conditions to improve R. And the prediction model obtained for the response can be represented as: R = 66.5275 + 6.7311X
1 – 5.4197X
4 – 5.2303X
5 + 4.9555X
1
2 – 12.5219X
2
2 – 6.2912X
4
2 + 16.0937X
5
2 + 2.4109X
2
X
4 – 7.910X
3
X
4 – 3.0123X
3
X
5 – 2.183X
4
X
5. The optimized conditions were pH 3, 100 mg·L−1 of phenol concentration, 0.1 mol/L of electrolyte concentration, 35 mA/cm2 of current density, and 180 min of processing time. Meanwhile, the predicted R was 90.86%, the actual R of three parallel experiments were 91.2%, 89.3%, 91.05%, which were well consistent with the predicted value. Additionally, the degradation mechanism was proposed as that the adsorption in pore structures synergy electrocatalytic effect of Co-CE. Micro-electric fields formed in pores and the transition metal catalysis accelerated the transformation of cathode hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radical (·OH). Furthermore, the ·OH were produced both by cathode and anode which promoted the degradation of phenol. This high catalytic activity and low cost Co-CE is a kind of prospective electrode for electrochemical degradation of phenolic wastewater.
Iterative or stative? New morphosemantic analyses of Latinlūgeō‘mourn’ anddoleō‘feel pain’
Authors: Nishimura Kanehiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper will start by focusing on the morphosemantics of a Latin verblūgeō‘mourn’, which represents an emotion felt by people mentally excruciated by their loved one’s death. Traditionally, it has been believed that the Proto-Indo-European verbal root *leu̯g- ‘break’ underlieslūgeō, but recently this etymology has been challenged. However, I will support the traditional ‘break’ hypothesis through a novel semantic comparison todoleō‘feel pain’, a verb also expressing a type of sensation humans often experience. Since its underlying root *delh1- means ‘hew, split’, similar to ‘break’, the semantic development ofdoleōwould provide a neat parallel forlūgeō. Having salvaged the connection with *leu̯g-, I will advocate a stative formation (with *-eh1-i̯é-) forlūgeōinstead of the more commonly presumed iterative reconstruction (with *-éi̯e-). The analysis conducted forlūgeōturns out to be useful fordoleō, too; I will propose that the latter verb’s wider semantic range is best explained as the result of the convergence of two formations, a stative form meaning ‘feel pain’ (with *-eh1-i̯é-) and an iterative form meaning ‘habitually give pain to’ (with *-éi̯e-, as previously assumed for this verb).
Future expressions in a sixth-century Latin translation of Josephus
Authors: Lavie-Driver Shoni 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOver the history of Latin, a number of ways to express futurity evolve and disappear. Perhaps most notably, the future tense is lost in all Romance languages, replaced generally by periphrases withhabeo. I present here the expressions of futurity present in the Latin translation of Josephus’Jewish AntiquitiesandAgainst Apion, conducted in sixth-century CE Italy under the aegis of Cassiodorus. I first examine the use of the synthetic future tense, and then suggest that the translators deliberately avoid usinghabeo + infinitive in any sense. This contradicts recent claims thathabeo + infinitive was characteristic of high register usage in Late Latin. I then analyse the use of the present tense to express futurity, the future participle + sum, gerundives as future passive participles and infinitives, and the curious use ofdebeoandpossum. I show a number of changes in the system from Classical Latin, and suggest a new potential route for the development ofdebeoto express the future in certain Romance varieties.
Unsupervised short leave in forensic addiction treatment: Is there an influence on treatment progress?
Authors: Neumann Louisa , Neumann Merten 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Short leave is an integral part of forensic addiction treatment in Germany. Individuals with addiction problems who have offended can be admitted to forensic addiction treatment institutions to receive treatment for their addiction disorder and reduce their risk of reoffending. During this treatment, short leave is implemented to allow the practising of an abstinent lifestyle, enhance treatment motivation, and enable the individual to stay connected with the community. A critical step is the unsupervised short leave, which comes with benefits but also risks for the individual and the community. Short leave (especially unsupervised short leave) bears the risk of incidents such as new offences, drug relapses or absconding. This study examines the influence of unsupervised short leave on treatment progress. It builds on the methodology from a previous study of patients in forensic psychiatric hospitals and uses a pre-post design with follow-up. Furthermore, the impact of incidents during short leave on treatment progress is analysed. The sample consists of 157 patients in forensic addiction treatment in Germany. The results suggest that unsupervised short leave can enhance the treatment progress of patients in forensic addiction treatment. However, incidents during short leave can have a negative effect on treatment progress.
Einblicke in eine theologisch moderierte Intervision – Ein Beitrag zur Selbstreflexion der muslimischen Seelsorge
Authors: Isis-Arnautović Esma , Halilović Abduselam 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Obschon die islamische Tradition umsorgende Besuche von Kranken seit jeher kennt, ist die muslimische Seelsorge als Profession ein junges Arbeits- und Forschungsfeld. Auch in der Schweiz bildet sich die muslimische Seelsorge zunehmend als Tätigkeitsbereich heraus. In der gegenwärtigen Formierungsphase nimmt das Projekt „Seelsorge-Theologie“, das vom Verein Qualitätssicherung der Muslimischen Seelsorge in öffentlichen Institutionen im Kanton Zürich (QuaMS) und dem Schweizerischen Zentrum für Islam und Gesellschaft (SZIG) der Universität Freiburg gemeinsam getragen wird, eine Pionierrolle ein, indem es die für die Professionalisierung notwendige Theorie, Praxis und Selbstreflexion miteinander verknüpft. Es nutzt dabei Instrumente wie Weiterbildungen und theologisch moderierte Intervisionen, um die Organisations- und Personalentwicklung zu unterstützen. In diesem Beitrag soll nun ausgehend von einem Fallbeispiel zum Hirntod die Arbeitsweise einer theologisch moderierten Intervision veranschaulicht und so Einblicke in die Reflexionsprozesse einer im Werden begriffenen muslimischen Seelsorge in der Schweiz gewährt werden.
Nabû at the Frontiers of the Assyrian Empire: An Inscribed Bronze Necklet from Yasin Tepe, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Nishiyama Shin’ichi , Yamada Shigeo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an inscribed bronze necklet discovered at Yasin Tepe, one of the largest tell-type sites in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The necklet was found on the floor of a large building complex of the Neo-Assyrian period that probably belonged to an elite family living at the site. The two-line inscription dates to around the eighth to seventh centuries BCE, and mentions the dedication of a son by his father to the god Nabû, implying the diffusion of his worship to the frontier of the Assyrian empire.
Nishiyama wrote Sections 1–4, and Yamada Section 5, respectively; both share the responsibility for Section 6. Abbreviations follow M. P. Streck et al. (eds.), Reallexikon der Assyriologie, vol. 15. Berlin/Boston, except for RINAP 2 = Frame 2020; RIMA 2 = Grayson 1991, RIMA 3 = Grayson 1996.
A New Interpretation of Two Hittite Verbs with the Stem ark- and its Implications for the Miraculous Birth Legend in the Zalpa-Text
Authors: Waal Willemijn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently, two Hittite verbs with the stem ark- are distinguished; one which is taken to mean ‘to cut off’, ‘to divide’, and one which is usually translated as ‘to mount’ or ‘to climb’. In this article, two different interpretations will be proposed, which fit the available evidence better and elucidate some problematic or enigmatic attestations of these verbs, including a much-debated scene at the beginning of the Zalpa-text.
Quo Vadis Mitarbeiterbeteiligung in der GmbH?
Authors: Ahlswede Johannes , Landhäußer Jana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

709
Bisherige Reformen zur Verbesserung der Rahmenbedingungen für Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsmodelle zielen ausschließlich auf eine steuerrechtliche Optimierung ab und lassen die gesellschaftsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen zur Beteiligung der Mitarbeiter am Kapital einer GmbH außer Acht. An diesem Punkt setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an. Nach einer Analyse der gesellschaftsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsmodelle in der GmbH werden die sich hieraus ergebenden Hürden für eine Kapitalbeteiligung sowie die derzeitigen Best Practice Modelle dargestellt. Auf dieser Grundlage skizziert der Beitrag Vorschläge, welche Weichenstellungen der Gesetzgeber im GmbH-Recht treffen müsste, um attraktivere Mitarbeiterbeteiligungsmodelle zu ermöglichen. Dabei unterbreiten die Verfasser sowohl einen Minimalvorschlag, der eine vereinfachte Gewährung von Optionen auf Geschäftsanteile ermöglichen soll, als auch einen Vorschlag zur Einführung einer neuen Anteilsklasse für Mitarbeiter.
Temporal and thermal dynamics exploration of different detergents’ formulations components on fungal alkaliphilic lipases stability
Authors: Majeed Hammad , Iftikhar Tehreema , Maqsood Kiran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The detergent formulations and the ingredients used in the formulations are variable in the entire world depending on the climate, cost, results, laundry trends and other multiple factors. The impact of detergent components on lipase (enzyme) activity was evaluated after incubation at 20 °C for 1 h and 2 h. Tween-80 demonstrated the highest residual activity, with percentages of 90.3 % and 74.6 %, respectively, inhibiting lipase activity by approximately 10 %–25 % compared to the control. Testing five laundry detergents for lipase production over various time intervals (12–16 h) and temperatures (4 °C, 20 °C, and 50 °C) indicated that “brite” detergent displayed the highest residual activity, with percentages of 84.2 %, 82.5 %, and 80.8 %, respectively, inhibiting lipase activity by approximately 15 %–20 % compared to the controls. These findings suggest that laundry detergents have a slight inhibitory effect on lipase production compared to the crude enzyme, and longer incubation periods result in decreased lipase production.
Estimating Metabolic Energy Expenditure During Level Running in Healthy, Military-Age Women and Men
Authors: Looney David P. , Hoogkamer Wouter , Kram Rodger , Arellano Christopher J. , Spiering Barry A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLooney, DP, Hoogkamer, W, Kram, R, Arellano, CJ, and Spiering, BA. Estimating metabolic energy expenditure during level running in healthy, military-age women and men.J Strength Cond Res37(12): 2496–2503, 2023—Quantifying the rate of metabolic energy expenditure (Ṁ) of varied aerobic exercise modalities is important for optimizing fueling and performance and maintaining safety in military personnel operating in extreme conditions. However, although equations exist for estimating oxygen uptake during running, surprisingly, there are no general equations that estimate Ṁ. Our purpose was to generate a general equation for estimating Ṁ during level running in healthy, military-age (18–44 years) women and men. We compiled indirect calorimetry data collected during treadmill running from 3 types of sources: original individual subject data (n= 45), published individual subject data (30 studies;n= 421), and published group mean data (20 studies,n= 619). Linear and quadratic equations were fit on the aggregated data set using a mixed-effects modeling approach. A chi-squared (χ2) difference test was conducted to determine whether the more complex quadratic equation was justified (p< 0.05). Our primary indicator of model goodness-of-fit was the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD). We also examined whether individual characteristics (age, height, body mass, and maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O2max]) could minimize prediction errors. The compiled data set exhibited considerable variability in Ṁ (14.54 ± 3.52 W·kg−1), respiratory exchange ratios (0.89 ± 0.06), and running speeds (3.50 ± 0.86 m·s−1). The quadratic regression equation had reduced residual sum of squares compared with the linear fit (χ2, 3,484;p< 0.001), with higher combined accuracy and precision (RMSD, 1.31 vs. 1.33 W·kg−1). Age (p= 0.034), height (p= 0.026), and body mass (p= 0.019) were associated with the magnitude of under and overestimation, which was not the case for V̇O2max(p= 0.898). The newly derived running energy expenditure estimation (RE3) model accurately predicts level running Ṁ at speeds from 1.78 to 5.70 m·s−1in healthy, military-age women and men. Users can rely on the following equations for improved predictions of running Ṁ as a function of running speed (S, m·s−1) in either watts (W·kg−1= 4.43 + 1.51·S + 0.37·S2) or kilocalories per minute (kcal·kg−1·min−1= 308.8 + 105.2·S + 25.58·S2).