bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory activities of Malaysian medicinal plants characterized by reduced cell surface expression of cell adhesion molecules
Authors: Tanaka Shigeo , Yoichi Sakata , Ao Lixi , Matumoto Mariko , Morimoto Katsushi , Akimoto Naoshige , Honda Gisho , Tabata Mamoru , Oshima Tikashi , Masuda Toru , Zaini bin Asmawi Mohd , Ismail Zhari , Yusof Sharom Mohd , Din Laily B. , Said Ikram M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the search for agents effective against immune‐mediated disorders and inflammation, we have screened Malaysian medicinal plants for the ability to inhibit the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) on the surface of murine endothelial cells (F‐2), and mouse myeloid leukaemia cells (M1), respectively. Of 41 kinds (29 species, 24 genera, 16 families) of Malaysian plants tested, 10 and 19 plant samples significantly downregulated the expression of ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1, respectively. Bioassay‐directed fractionation of an extract prepared from the bark of Goniothalamus andersonii showed that its ingredients, goniothalamin (1) and goniodiol (2) inhibited the cell surface expression of both ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 . The present results suggest that Malaysian medicinal plants may be abundant natural resources for immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory substances. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation into the toxicological effects of Catha edulis leaves: a short term study in animals
Authors: Al‐Mamary M. , Al‐Habori M. , Al‐Aghbari A. M. , Baker M. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study the short term (3 months) toxicological effects of varying levels of Catha edulis leaves were examined on the plasma concentration of liver enzymes and the histopathology of tissue sections of various organs including the liver, kidneys, spleen and testis. Both the biochemical and histopathological data demonstrated, initial signs of Catha edulis toxicity. Our results show a significant increase in plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with all levels of Catha edulis leaves tested and throughout the treatment period. The increase of ALP was more prominent than that of ALT. The plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were only moderately increased at the higher dose (30%) in the later stages of treatment. In addition, a time‐dependent gradual increase in indirect bilirubin with a concomitant decrease in direct bilirubin levels was observed with the 30% Catha edulis with no signs of haemolysis. The histopathology of tissue sections of the liver displayed evidence of congestion of the central liver veins as well as acute hepatocellular degenerative and regenerative activities in the tissue sections obtained from animals treated with both 20% and 30% Catha edulis. Similarly, histopathological examination of the tissue sections of the kidneys showed some lesions, and the degree of the lesion increased as the dose of Catha edulis leaves increased including: the presence of fat droplets particularly seen in the upper cortical tubules; acute cellular swelling; hyaline tubules; and acute tubular nephrosis. In contrast, Catha edulis treatment did not affect the spleen and increased the rate of spermatogenesis in male rabbits with the spermatozoa being quite evident, the Leydig cells were in good condition and were not affected by the doses given. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A frequency domain technique for maintaining resonance condition during sine dwell vibration testing of packages
Authors: Rouillard Vincent , Sek Michael A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhen a package undergoes progressive damage during a sine dwell vertical vibration test, its dynamic characteristics, such as stiffness and damping, will change. This will result in variation of its resonance frequency during a test. This paper demonstrates that tracking the resonance by feedback control of the excitation frequency during resonance dwell tests is essential. Furthermore, this paper shows the differences in the results obtained from dwell tests with uncontrolled and controlled excitation frequencies. A computer‐based resonance tracking system was developed and used together with a commercial vibration table to experimentally verify the benefits of such a technique. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An ab initio study of the structures and energetics of the planar ground and 90°‐twisted excited states of substituted ethylenes
Authors: El‐Taher S. , Hilal R. H. , Albright T. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAb initio molecular orbital calculations are performed on the planar ground states (S0), the 90°‐twisted triplet (T1), and pyramidalized singlet (S1) excited states of ethylene, methaniminium cation (MC), monocyano‐ (MCE), 1,1‐dicyano‐ (DCE), 1,1‐dihydroxy‐ (DHE), and 1,1‐dicyano‐2,2‐dihydroxy (DCHE) ethylenes. Equilibrium geometries are optimized at the Hartree–Fock (HF) level with the 6‐31G* basis set. Electron correlation corrections are estimated by optimizing the HF/6‐31G* geometries at the (U)MP2/6‐31G* level and then by carrying out single‐point calculations at the fourth‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory ((U)MP4/6‐311G**//MP2/6‐31G*). The effects of various types of perturbations on the structures, energetics, dipole moments, and state ordering of S0, S1, and T1 are carefully investigated. “Positive” S1–T1 splittings are estimated at the HF level for all studied molecules, while “negative” S1–T1 splittings are obtained at the MP2 level for MC, DHE, and DCHE. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 242–254, 2001
Resonance states of atomic anions
Authors: Sergeev Alexei V. , Kais Sabre 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe study destabilization of an atom in its ground state with decrease of its nuclear charge. By analytic continuation from bound to resonance states, we obtain complex energies of unstable atomic anions with nuclear charge that is less than the minimum “critical” charge necessary to bind N electrons. We use an extrapolating scheme with a simple model potential for the electron, which is loosely bound outside the atomic core. Results for O2− and S2− are in good agreement with earlier estimates. Alternatively, we use the Hylleraas basis variational technique with three complex nonlinear parameters to find accurately the energy of two‐electron atoms as the nuclear charge decreases. Results are used to check the less accurate one‐electron model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 82: 255–261, 2001
Detection of bacteria from biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation combined with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Madonna Angelo J. , Basile Franco , Furlong Ed , Voorhees Kent J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rapid method for identifying specific bacteria from complex biological mixtures using immunomagnetic separation coupled to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry has been developed. The technique employs commercially available magnetic beads coated with polycolonal antibodies raised against specific bacteria and whole cell analysis by MALDI‐MS. A suspension of a bacterial mixture is mixed with the immunomagnetic beads specific for the target microorganism. After a short incubation period (20 mins) the bacteria captured by the beads are washed, resuspended in deionized H2O and directly applied onto a MALDI probe. Liquid suspensions containing bacterial mixtures can be screened within 1 h total analysis time. Positive tests result in the production of a fingerprint mass spectrum primarily consisting of protein biomarkers characteristic of the targeted microorganism. Using this procedure, Salmonella choleraesuis was isolated and detected from standard bacterial mixtures and spiked samples of river water, human urine, and chicken blood. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separation and characterisation of five polar herbicides using countercurrent chromatography with detection by negative ion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Kidwell Huw , Jones Jonathan J. , Games David E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFive polar herbicides were separated and characterised using high‐speed analytical countercurrent chromatography (HSACCC) in conjunction with online electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The countercurrent chromatography used a standard isocratic biphasic solvent system of hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water in reverse phase to effect the separation of these five environmentally important compounds. The chromatograph was coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer via a standard electrospray liquid chromatography interface that was able to give mass spectra in negative ion mode of each compound. Limits of detection are reported for this series of compounds along with representative negative ion ESI‐MS data and calibrations for the separation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionisation and ion‐trap fragmentation of substituted 3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐pyridin‐2‐ones
Authors: Suárez M. , Martínez‐Alvarez R. , Martín N. , Verdecia Y. , Ochoa E. , Alba L. , Seoane C. , Kayali N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA variety of 5‐alkoxycarbonyl‐4‐aryl‐6‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2(1H)‐pyridones and hexahydrofuro[3,4‐b]‐2(1H)‐pyridones have been investigated by electron impact (EI) and electrospray ionisation (ESI) techniques. Sequential product ion fragmentation (MSn) was performed to elucidate the degradation pathways for these compounds. Comparisons are made between positive and negative even‐electron ions from ESI spectra and the molecular radical cations obtained under EI conditions. The data collected in this paper provide information on the strong impact that different substituents have on the ion fragmentation process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequencing wasp venom peptides by endopeptidase digestion and nested collision‐induced dissociation/post‐source decay methods
Authors: Hisada Miki , Konno Katsuhiro , Itagaki Yasuhiro , Naoki Hideo , Nakajima Terumi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method incorporating nested collision‐induced dissociation/post‐source decay (CID/PSD) combined with endopeptidase digestion is described as an approach to determine the sequence of N‐terminally modified peptides. The information from immonium and related ions observed in the CID/PSD spectrum was used for the selection of a suitable endopeptidase for the digestion of peptides. Rapid and reliable assignment of peptide sequence was performed by the comparison of CID/PSD spectra of both intact and endopeptidese‐digested peptide fragments, since the assignments of the observed fragment ions to either N‐ or C‐terminal ions can thus be carried out unambiguously. This nested CID/PSD method was applied to the sequence determination of two peptides from the solitary wasps Anoplius samariensis and Batozonellus maculifrons (pompilid wasps), which could not be sequenced by the Edman method due to N‐terminal modification. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐dimensional sediment transport modeling of pool recovery along a mountain channel after a reservoir sediment release
Authors: Rathburn Sara L. , Wohl Ellen E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA reservoir sediment release along the North Fork Cache la Poudre River (North Fork) in northern Colorado resulted in a massive fish kill and channel sedimentation that filled pools critical to fish as overwinter habitat. Recognition of the hazards associated with a large influx of sediment into a riverine ecosystem is critical for a greater understanding of the effects of sediment releases, and hence, future management of sediment within reservoirs. Two one‐dimensional sediment transport models, HEC‐6 and GSTARS 2.0, were evaluated for applicability to predict sediment removal along the steep gradient, bedrock‐controlled pool‐riffle North Fork. The ability of both models to identify flushing discharges that assist channel recovery was also evaluated. Two modeling scenarios representing a low and high flushing discharge were modeled. Within each scenario, two levels of simulations were conducted to represent conditions of data availability, a default simulation for limited data input, and a robust simulation that utilized the entire set of field data, collected over a 1‐year period. The models were calibrated against quantitative measurements of pool bed elevation obtained during field resurveys. Preliminary analyses were conducted to identify the appropriate sediment transport equations. HEC‐6 results indicate that long‐term, robust simulations yield the closest agreement between predicted and measured pool bed elevation change. More than 50% of the actual scour and deposition within three pools was modeled using HEC‐6. Modeling accuracy using GSTARS 2.0 was considerably lower, and it appears that the present construct of the model does not reflect the physical processes operating along the North Fork. Computer models are useful tools in the sediment management decision process, provided adequate data collection and calibration are conducted. In situations where restrictions exist on available flushing discharges, sediment transport modeling can assist management decisions, and modeling is always preferable to uncalibrated estimates. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Training in metacognition and comprehension of physics texts
Authors: Koch Adina 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReading comprehension of physics texts is a neglected area in physics curricula. This paper describes the development, application, and evaluation of a metacognitive technique for improving student reading comprehension of physics texts. The metacognitive technique requires students to self‐assess their reading comprehension and then to rank their abilities and disabilities hierarchically. The technique is evaluated by comparing performance on a reading‐comprehension test of an experimental group with the performance of a control group before and after the experimental manipulation. Both groups underwent reading‐comprehension exercises, using the Koch–Eckstein technique (Koch & Eckstein, 1995), with the metacognitive tasks added only to the experimental group. Results showed the posttest scores of the experimental group to be significantly higher than those of the control group. Based on these results, it is strongly recommended that the metacognitive technique be developed and applied in teaching reading comprehension of physics texts as an effective self‐monitoring device. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 85:758–768, 2001.
Steps to natural capitalism
Authors: Birkin Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe impact of concerns about environmental degradation has prompted many initiatives to improve the environmental efficiency of businesses, such as environmental management systems and industrial ecology as well as recycling, waste reduction and energy reduction programmes. Hawken et al. (1999) argue that these kinds of change are part of processes so profound that humankind is actually participating in another industrial revolution, a revolution to Natural Capitalism. These three authors outline basic changes to the capitalist system that necessitate different mind‐sets and sets of values that ultimately lead to profound differences in the ways in which businesses are managed.This paper considers the possibility that we are on the verge of an industrial revolution that will implement a new form of capitalism that will facilitate an easier transition to sustainable industrial development. This paper proceeds by first identifying key approaches to the management of the environment and then identifying six steps that will have to be taken if the putative revolution is to be realized. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Valence‐band x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of manganese and its oxides interpreted by cluster and band structure calculations
Authors: Audi Ahmad Ali , Sherwood Peter M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractValence‐band and core‐level x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of manganese and its oxides is reported and the valence‐band spectra are interpreted by various calculation models. The focus of this paper is on the valence band, which shows significant differences between the oxides of manganese in the formal oxidation states II, II/III, III, IV, VI and VII. The study reports the valence band for the metal and the following oxidized forms of the metal: MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3, MnO2, K2MnO4 and KMnO4. The difference seen in the valence‐band region makes this region appropriate for the surface analysis of manganese compounds and complements the core region, which is often complicated by broad peaks with satellite features. The valence‐band region is interpreted by band structure and cluster calculations. It is shown that the differences between the observed spectra and band structure calculations for Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnO2 may be a result of the calculation method and not of the highly intense satellites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, specular X‐ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy and elastic recoil detection analysis of emissive carbon film characterization
Authors: Ermolieff A. , Chabli A. , Pierre F. , Rolland G. , Rouchon D. , Vannuffel C. , Vergnaud C. , Baylet J. , Séméria M. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor a better understanding of the physical and electronic properties of emissive carbon films, one of the best ways is to compare the results obtained with several surface and structural analysis techniques. In this article, different types of carbon film depositions for developing large flat panel displays by field emission displays are analysed and the results are correlated with their emissivity. Pulse laser ablation films, high‐temperature plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) films and low‐temperature PECVD films are characterized by XPS, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), specular X‐ray reflectivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). The analyses lead us to conclude that the sp2/sp3 ratio is not a crucial parameter for carbon film emissivity. Crystalline structure seems more important. The presence of graphite grains is essential for good and uniform emission. Combination of XPS, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and ERDA is necessary for the study of carbon film emission. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended x‐ray emission fine structure and high‐energy satellite lines state measured by electron probe microanalysis
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Harrowfield Ian , MacRae Colin , Wilson Nick , Tsutsumi Kenichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Kα satellite or shake‐off lines can be observed by wavelength‐dispersive spectrometry on the high‐energy side of the main Kα peak. Occasionally, chemical state analysis of an emitting atom has been attempted using the shape and position of these lines. Recent extensive theory and experiment have shown that it is fruitful to take a similar approach using extended x‐ray emission fine structure (EXEFS) arising from the radiative Auger effect (RAE). This fine structure is found in a low‐intensity spectrum on the low‐energy side of the Kα peak.We have studied the RAE spectra of the Kα lines of the elements F through to Ca by EPMA. The RAE peaks have energies close to the KLL energies of Auger transitions. In the lighter elements in this series, it was found that the difference between Kα and the RAE peak energies becomes quite small. For elements lighter than fluorine, it is difficult to observe the RAE peaks because they are overlapped by the main Kα line. At the higher energy end of the series, the intensity of the RAE lines becomes very small. The utility of the RAE lines for state analysis is limited, in practice, to the elements F through to Ca. The extended x‐ray emission fine structure (EXEFS) of the RAE spectra has been used to calculate local bonding parameters.Both shake‐off and RAE spectra associated with the F Kα line have been studied experimentally in the rare earth fluorides. The KLL RAE moves to lower energy as the atomic number of the rare earth cation increases. This has been confirmed theoretically by calculating electron energies using discrete variational Xα molecular orbital theory. The shake‐off peaks increase in intensity relative to the main Kα peak because atomic number increases, contrary to expectation. It is considered that this could be due to temporary covalency. The EXEFS of the RAE spectra has been used to calculate local bonding parameters. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approaches to heterogeneity in meta‐analysis
Authors: Petitti Diana B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reviews publications from January 1999 to March 2001 on reproductive health topics that were self‐identified as meta‐analysis or were indexed as meta‐analysis in MEDLINE. It sought to assess whether tests of statistical heterogeneity were done, whether the results were reported, and how a finding of significance for a test of statistical heterogeneity was handled and the results interpreted. The review identified some concerns. Tests of statistical heterogeneity were not done universally even though virtually all writers on the topic emphasize their importance. Even when done, results of these tests were not universally reported. Although the consensus appears to be that heterogeneity tests are conservative for meta‐analysis of studies and a probability value of 0.10 is preferred, many meta‐analyses used the conventional value of 0.05 without providing a reason. The rationale for the choice of a random or fixed effects model was not generally evident. The review also provided some positive models and some recommendations for assessing, reporting and exploring heterogeneity are made considering these models and the published recommendations of experts. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What can go wrong when you assume that correlated data are independent: an illustration from the evaluation of a childhood health intervention in Brazil
Authors: Cannon Michael J. , Warner Lee , Taddei J. Augusto , Kleinbaum David G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe key analytical challenge presented by longitudinal data is that observations from one individual tend to be correlated. Although longitudinal data commonly occur in medicine and public health, the issue of correlation is sometimes ignored or avoided in the analysis. If longitudinal data are modelled using regression techniques that ignore correlation, biased estimates of regression parameter variances can occur. This bias can lead to invalid inferences regarding measures of effect such as odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR). Using the example of a childhood health intervention in Brazil, we illustrate how ignoring correlation leads to incorrect conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention. Copyright 2001 © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient specific dosing in a cancer phase I clinical trial
Authors: Babb James S. , Rogatko André 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent improvements in our understanding of drug metabolism have led to the development of anticancer therapies that accommodate patient differences in drug tolerance. Such methods adjust the dose level according to measurable patient characteristics in order to obtain a target drug exposure. This paper describes the utilization of a patient specific dosing scheme in the statistical design of a phase I clinical trial involving patients with advanced adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal origin. During the trial, dose levels were adjusted according to each patient's pretreatment concentration of an antibody that was shown in preclinical testing to moderate the effect of the agent under investigation. The design of the trial permitted a continual adjustment of the model used to tailor the dose to each patient's individual needs. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.