bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin, Leptin, and Erythrocyte Sodium/Lithium Countertransport Activity, But Not Resistin, Are Related to Glucose Metabolism in Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults
Authors: Svensson Johan , Herlitz Hans , Lundberg Per-Arne , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study under metabolic ward conditions, 10 GH-deficient adults received 1-wk GH replacement therapy (9.5 μg/kg·d). The effect of this treatment on the erythrocyte sodium/lithium countertransport (SLC) activity and on serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and IL-6 was determined.
The 1-wk GH replacement impaired glucose homeostasis determined from an oral glucose tolerance test. The other measured variables in serum were unchanged by GH replacement. At baseline, serum adiponectin level was inversely correlated and serum leptin level was positively correlated with measures of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The changes in serum leptin level and erythrocyte SLC activity were positively correlated, and the change in serum IGFBP-1 level was negatively correlated, correlated with changes in measures of glucose metabolism.
In conclusion, short-term GH treatment induced glucose intolerance but did not significantly change the erythrocyte SLC activity and the serum levels of adipokines, arguing against direct effects of GH on these measures. However, baseline values or changes in erythrocyte SLC activity, adiponectin, leptin, and IGFBP-1 correlated with glucose metabolism. This suggests that these factors are of importance for glucose homeostasis in GH-deficient adults, most likely through GH-independent mechanisms.
Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia with Salt Wasting Due to Type II 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Authors: Johannsen Trine H. , Mallet Delphine , Dige-Petersen Harriet , Müller Jørn , Main Katharina M. , Morel Yves , Forest Maguelone G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractClassical 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) deficiency is a rare cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We report two sisters presenting with delayed diagnoses of classical 3β-HSD, despite salt wasting (SW) episodes in infancy. Sibling 1 was referred for premature pubarche, slight growth acceleration, and advanced bone age, whereas sibling 2 had no signs of virilization.At referral, increased 17α-hydroxyprogesterone associated with premature pubarche at first suggested a nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Sequencing of the CYP21 gene showed both girls only heterozygotes (V281L mutation). This result, combined with SW in infancy, suggested a 3β-HSD deficiency because of increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Further hormonal studies showed markedly elevated Δ5-steroids, in particular 17α-hydroxypregnenolone greater than 100 nmol/liter (the clue to the diagnosis) and elevated Δ5-/Δ4-steroid ratios. Sequencing of the type II 3β-HSD gene documented that both girls were compound heterozygotes for T181I and 1105delA mutations. Retrospectively, elevated levels of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were found on blood spots from Guthrie’s test.There is no previous report of the combination of SW and premature pubarche due to mutations in the type II 3β-HSD gene. Because neonatal diagnosis could have prevented life-threatening crises in these girls, this report further supports the benefits for neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia whatever the etiology.
Effect of Thiazolidinedione Treatment on Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Premenopausal Women at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Xiang Anny H. , Peters Ruth K. , Kjos Siri L. , Ochoa Cesar , Marroquin Aura , Goico Jose , Tan Sylvia , Wang Chengwei , Azen Stanley P. , Liu Chao-ran , Liu Ci-hua , Hodis Howard N. , Buchanan Thomas A. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
We tested the effects of treatment with a thiazolidinedione drug on rates of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and some putative determinants of CIMT in young women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. A total of 266 nondiabetic, Hispanic women with recent gestational diabetes were randomized to placebo or troglitazone. CIMT measurements were made at baseline, annually, and at study end, together with measurements of obesity, serum lipids, and glucose and insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests. Insulin sensitivity (minimal model analysis) was measured at baseline and 3 months later. Data were analyzed to compare CIMT progression rates between treatment groups and investigate potential determinants of differences in CIMT progression.
One hundred ninety-two women had a CIMT measurement at baseline and at least one follow-up visit. The mean rate of CIMT change was 31% lower in women assigned to troglitazone (P = 0.048). This intergroup difference was not explained by baseline or on-trial differences in obesity, lipids, glucose, or insulin. The reduction in CIMT progression developed gradually, occurred only in women who had an increase in insulin sensitivity, and was unrelated to the presence of the metabolic syndrome at baseline.
Troglitazone reduced the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis via a mechanism that involved unmeasured mediators of atherosclerosis, either in the circulation or directly in the arterial wall.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Release Is Higher in Visceral than Subcutaneous Human Adipose Tissue (AT): Implication of Macrophages Resident in the AT
Authors: Bruun Jens M. , Lihn Aina S. , Pedersen Steen B. , Richelsen Bjørn 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
Human adipose tissue (AT) produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Objective: Human AT cultures, isolated adipocytes, and stromal-vascular cells were used to investigate the relationship among AT-resident macrophages, MCP-1, and adiposity and the regulation of MCP-1.
Results: mRNA levels of specific macrophage markers (CD68 and CD14) are correlated with adiposity in sc AT and visceral AT (P &lt; 0.05). MCP-1 production is higher in stromal-vascular cells vs. adipocytes (P &lt; 0.01) and correlates with macrophage markers in both AT compartments (P &lt; 0.05). MCP-1 release is higher in obese subjects (P &lt; 0.05) and in VAT (P &lt; 0.01), but after adjusting for AT-resident macrophages, the differences disappear. MCP-1 is stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-6 + IL-6-soluble receptor and is decreased by dexamethasone, IL-10, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.
Discussion: MCP-1 is correlated with specific macrophage markers, adiposity, and AT localization, but the relationship seems to be related to the number of AT-resident macrophages. Despite this, MCP-1 may be involved in obesity-related health complications, and the decrease of MCP-1 by metformin and thiazolidinediones suggests that these antidiabetic compounds have antiinflammatory properties improving the low-grade inflammatory state observed in obesity.
Thyrotropin Receptor/Thyroglobulin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Peripheral Blood and Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology: Diagnostic Synergy for Detecting Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Wagner Kristin , Arciaga Rosemarie , Siperstein Allan , Milas Mira , Warshawsky Ilka , Sethu S. , Reddy K. , Gupta Manjula K. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRT-PCR for thyroglobulin (Tg) and TSH receptor (TSHR) mRNA has been used to detect circulating thyroid cancer cells. Little is known, however, regarding the preoperative sensitivity of this test to detect cancer. Seventy-two patients with thyroid disease (36 with malignancy and 36 with benign disease) were evaluated preoperatively. TSHR and Tg mRNA transcripts were detected by RT-PCR assays, previously determined to be specific for cancer cells. There was 100% concordance between TSHR and Tg mRNA RT-PCR results. Of 36 cancer patients, 11 had recurrent disease, and all were positive by RT-PCR. Among 25 patients with no prior thyroid surgery, 18 tested positive preoperatively (sensitivity 72%). Seven of 36 patients with benign disease tested positive (specificity 80%). The overall preoperative diagnostic accuracy was 77%. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed on 46 of 61 patients with no prior thyroid surgery. FNA was diagnostic in 28 (61%) patients. Preoperative cytology was adequate but not diagnostic in 18 (39%) patients. RT-PCR correctly classified 14 of these 18 patients with indeterminate FNA, and the test detected three of four cancer patients as positive (75% sensitive) and 11 of 14 patients (78% specific) with benign disease as negative. The combined diagnostic performance characteristics for RT-PCR and FNA cytology were sensitivity = 95%, specificity = 83%, and diagnostic accuracy = 89%, with positive and negative predictive values of 84 and 95%, respectively. Our results suggest that the molecular detection of circulating thyroid cancer cells by RT-PCR for TSHR/Tg mRNA complements FNA cytology in the preoperative differentiation of benign from malignant thyroid disease and their combined use may save unnecessary surgeries.
Effect of L-000845704, an αVβ3 Integrin Antagonist, on Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women
Authors: Murphy M. G. , Cerchio K. , Stoch S. A. , Gottesdiener K. , Wu M. , Recker R. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The αVβ3 integrin (vitronectin receptor) plays a pivotal role in bone resorption. We hypothesized that L-000845704, an αVβ3 integrin antagonist, would potently inhibit bone resorption, thereby increasing bone mass as assessed by bone mineral density (BMD) in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month study, 227 women (average 63 yr) with low lumbar spine or femoral neck BMD were randomly assigned to receive 100 or 400 mg L-000845704 once daily (qd), 200 mg L-000845704 twice daily (bid), or placebo. L-000845704 increased lumbar spine BMD (2.1, 3.1, and 3.5% for the 100-mg-qd, 400-mg-qd, and 200-mg-bid treatment groups, respectively, vs. −0.1% for placebo; P &lt; 0.01 all treatments vs. placebo). Only 200 mg L-000845704 bid significantly increased BMD at the hip (1.7 vs. 0.3% for placebo; P &lt; 0.03) and femoral neck (2.4 vs. 0.7% for placebo; P &lt; 0.05). No L-000845704 group increased total body BMD. All doses of L-000845704 resulted in a similar approximately 42% decrease from baseline of N-telopeptide cross-links (P &lt; 0.001 vs. placebo). L-000845704 was generally well tolerated; adverse events resulting in discontinuation from the study were relatively infrequent.
In conclusion, the antiresorptive effect of the αVβ3 integrin antagonist L-000845704 translated into significant increases in lumbar spine BMD. Furthermore, 200 mg L-000845704 bid provided efficacy at the hip sites. These data suggest that the αVβ3 integrin antagonist L-000845704 could be developed as an effective therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
Initializing Concordance in Frail Elderly Patients via a Medicines Organizer
Authors: Ryan-Woolley Bernadette M , Rees Judith A 
Published: April 2005

BACKGROUND: Concordance, which involves prescribing with rather than for patients, should result in less drug wastage (non-use), but is proving hard to put into practice. One possible way of easing elderly people and prescribers toward concordance is to use a medicines organizer (MO). OBJECTIVE: To document medication wastage, using a pharmacy-prepared reusable MO, and explore, using a qualitative approach, use of this information on communication of individuals' drug regimens. METHODS: Sixty-two sheltered housing residents, aged ⩾60 years, participated in an exploratory controlled, matched study. The intervention group received medication in the MO, and the control group continued with standard packaging. Community pharmacists recorded details of wasted drugs returned during the 3-month study and, for the intervention group, 6, 9, and 12 months after the study. Medicines management data were collected from participants. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of general practitioners (GPs) and community pharmacists to explore views on the role of the MO. RESULTS: Intervention group wastage was reduced from 18.1% (prestudy) to 1% at 12 months. No data on wastage were collected for the control group after the prestudy assessment. Sixty-one percent more prescription changes, including significant decreases in the number of prescribed drugs and dosages, were reported for the intervention group. GPs and pharmacists reported improvements in communication concerning medication-related dialog. CONCLUSIONS: This small exploratory study has shown that a pharmacy-prepared reusable MO provided visual, objective insights into medication wastage. This resulted in improved communication of drug needs and reduced wastage—the foundation for concordance.
High-Dose Insulin Therapy for Calcium-Channel Blocker Overdose
Authors: Shepherd Greene , Klein-Schwartz Wendy 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for using high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and potassium in calcium-channel blocker (CCB) overdose. DATA SOURCES: Evidence of efficacy for high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and potassium was sought by performing a search of MEDLINE and Toxline between 1966 and July 2004 using combinations of the terms calcium-channel blocker, overdose, poisoning, antidote, and insulin. Abstracts from the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology for the years 1996–2003 were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Identified articles, including animal studies, case reports, and case series, were evaluated for this review. No clinical trials were available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Animal models of CCB overdose demonstrate that high-dose insulin with supplemental dextrose and potassium was a more effective therapy than calcium, glucagon, or catecholamines. High-dose insulin appears to enhance cardiac carbohydrate metabolism and has direct inotropic effects. Published clinical experience is limited to 13 case reports where insulin was used after other therapies were failing; 12 of these patients survived. High-dose insulin therapy was beneficial for CCB-induced hypotension, hyperglycemia, and metabolic acidosis. Bradycardia and heart block resolved in some patients, but persisted in others. CONCLUSIONS: Based on animal data and limited human experience, as well as the inadequacies of available alternatives for patients with significant poisoning, high-dose insulin therapy warrants further study and judicious use in patients with life-threatening CCB poisoning.
Intrathecal Colistin and Sterilization of Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Shunt Infection
Authors: Quinn Andrea L , Parada Jorge P , Belmares Jaime , O'Keefe J Paul 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) infection successfully sterilized with intrathecal colistin 10 mg/day after development of nephrotoxicity associated with intravenous administration. CASE SUMMARIES: Case 1. A 69-year-old African American woman with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage and hydrocephalus requiring VPS placement was admitted with VPS infection and meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures revealed MDR P. aeruginosa susceptible only to colistin. Intravenous colistin was initiated but rapidly discontinued due to development of renal dysfunction. Intravenous colistin was the probable cause of the adverse effect. Intrathecal colistin was initiated via an externalized VPS, with subsequent improvement in white blood cell counts in the CSF. Follow-up CSF cultures remained sterile and renal function returned to baseline. Case 2. A 69-year-old white woman with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and VPS was transferred from an extended-care facility for management of a VPS infection. CSF cultures revealed MDR P. aeruginosa susceptible only to colistin. Intravenous colistin was initiated but subsequently discontinued due to worsening renal function that, as with the first case, probably correlated with colistin administration and persisted despite dose adjustment. Therapy was changed to intrathecal administration, with subsequent normalization of her CSF white blood cell counts and sterilization of cultures. DISCUSSION: The limited availability of antibiotics for treatment of highly resistant or MDR gram-negative organisms has prompted clinicians to reconsider the use of older drugs. Prior reports have suggested that intravenous colistin is a potential alternative for treating highly resistant gram-negative central nervous system infections, specifically Acinetobacter, but its use is limited by nephrotoxicity. Our experience suggests that intrathecal colistin is a potentially curative intervention for the treatment of severe MDR P. aeruginosa meningitis and VPS infections in patients in whom intravenous colistin is not an option. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal use of colistin is a potentially safe, effective, and viable treatment option for MDR P. aeruginosa central nervous system infections when intravenous administration is not feasible.
Pheochromocytoma Unmasked by Amisulpride and Tiapride
Authors: Henry Agnès , Charpiat Bruno , Vial Thierry , Franchini Serge , Cuilleret François J , Milon Hugues 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: To describe the unmasking of pheochromocytoma in a patient treated with amisulpride and tiapride. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old white man developed acute hypertension with severe headache and vomiting 2 hours after the first doses of amisulpride 100 mg and tiapride 100 mg. Both drugs were immediately discontinued, and the patient recovered after subsequent nicardipine and verapamil treatment. Abdominal ultrasound showed an adrenal mass, and postoperative histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. DISCUSSION: Drug-induced symptoms of pheochromocytoma are often associated with the use of substituted benzamide drugs, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. In our case, use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible relationship between the hypertensive crisis and amisulpride and tiapride therapy. CONCLUSIONS: As of March 24, 2005, this is the first reported case of amisulpride- and tiapride-induced hypertensive crisis in a patient with pheochromocytoma. Physicians and other healthcare professionals should be aware of this potential adverse effect of tiapride and amisulpride.
What is New with the β2-Agonists: Issues in the Management of Asthma
Authors: Kelly H William 
Published: April 2005

OBJECTIVE: To review the more recent literature addressing the issue of whether β2-agonists can worsen asthma and/or increase the risk of severe exacerbations and death from asthma. DATA SOURCES: PubMed was searched (2001–December 2004), along with the Food and Drug Administration and Cochrane Library Web sites. In addition, the bibliographies of recent reviews of the subject were assessed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Randomized clinical trials, retrospective and prospective cohort studies, and meta-analyses published in the past 3 years were reviewed. Studies assessing the potential for β2-agonists to worsen outcomes in asthma as well as long-term studies assessing asthma outcomes that included an arm with regular administration of short- or long-acting inhaled β2-agonists (LABAs) were selected. Worsening asthma was defined as a decline in lung function, an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness, exacerbations, or death. Studies older than 3 years selected from the bibliographies of the primary articles that addressed background perspective were also included where appropriate. DATA SYNTHESIS: The studies fell into 3 primary categories with some overlap: those assessing toxicity of the S-enantiomer of albuterol, those evaluating the risk of specific genotypes regarding worsening asthma, and those assessing asthma outcomes with LABA therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The current data on the use of β2-agonists continue to support the national and international guidelines for the treatment of asthma. That is, short-acting inhaled β2-agonists should only be used as needed for symptoms and prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, and LABAs should only be used regularly as adjunctive therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in patients whose asthma is not controlled with low to medium doses of the inhaled corticosteroid.
Constrained price, address, or logit brand demand models: An econometric comparison in the Boston fluid milk market
Authors: Tian Li , Cotterill Ronald W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThis article estimates a general linear demand model for three fluid milk brands. It finds perverse signs and complementarity among these substitutes. We develop three constrained models to eliminate perverse signs: a price conduct constraint in the linear model that links private label and Garelick pricing, a generalized Mills address model, and the logit model. Statistical tests indicate that each of the three constrained models produces acceptable substitution patterns and that none is preferred to the other two. On nonstatistical grounds, however, the Mills and price‐constrained models perform best. This is the first empirical study of the Mills address model of private‐label pricing. Finally, we demonstrate that estimated price‐reaction functions and the corresponding total elasticities, which capture only strategic non‐collusive interaction in these Nash Bertrand models, provide interesting insight into competition among brands. EconLit citation: L670, L130.] © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 21: 149–166, 2005.
Inversion of Stereoselectivity by Applying Mutants of the Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Manihot esculenta
Authors: Bühler Holger , Miehlich Burkhard , Effenberger Franz 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe influence of Trp128‐substituted mutants of the hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta (MeHNL) on the stereoselectivity of MeHNL‐catalyzed HCN additions to aldehydes with stereogenic centers, which yield the corresponding cyanohydrins, is described. In rac‐2‐phenylpropionaldehyde (rac‐1) reactions, wild‐type (wtMeHNL) and all MeHNL Trp128 mutants are highly (S)‐selective toward the (R) enantiomer of rac‐1; this results exclusively in (2S,3R)‐cyanohydrin ((2S,3R)‐2) with ≥96 % de. The (S) enantiomer of rac‐1, however, only reacts (S)‐selectively with wtMeHNL to give (2S,3S)‐2 with 80 % de, whereas with Trp128 mutants, (R) selectivity increases with decreasing size of the amino acids exchanged. The MeHNL W128A mutant is exclusively (R)‐selective, resulting in (2R,3S)‐2 with 86 % de. The reaction behavior of rac‐phenylbutyraldehyde (rac‐5) is comparable with rac‐1, which also inverts the stereoselectivity from (S) to (R) when the enzyme is exchanged from wtMeHNL to the W128A mutant. Stereogenic centers not adjacent to the aldehyde group, as in 7 and 9, do not influence the stereoselectivity of MeHNL catalysis, and (S) selectivity is observed in all cases. Stereoselectivity and inversion of stereoselectivity of MeHNL Trp128 mutant‐catalyzed cyanohydrin formation can be explained and rationalized with crystal‐structure‐based molecular modeling.
Facile and Chemoselective Microwave‐Assisted Cleavage of Oximes to Their Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds Using N,N′‐Dibromo‐N,N′‐1,3‐propylene‐bis[(4‐methylphenyl)sulfonamide] as a Deoximating Reagent.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Manesh Abbas Amini , Ghasemi Amir Hoshang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity in the Addition of Vinylmagnesium Bromide to Heteroarylic Ketones: C‐versus O‐Alkylation.
Authors: Boga Carla , Stengel Rayk , Abdayem Rodolphe , Del Vecchio Erminia , Forlani Luciano , Todesco Paolo E. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Analgesic Activity of 4‐Aryl‐2‐tert‐butylamino‐4‐oxo‐2‐butenoic Acids.
Authors: Koz'minykh V. O. , Belyaev A. O. , Koz'minykh E. N. , Odegova T. F. , Makhmudov R. R. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.