bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of solid- and liquid-phase gastric emptying half times in cats by use of nuclear scintigraphy
Authors: Costello Margaret , Papasouliotis Kostas , Barr Frances J. , Gruffydd-Jones Timothy J. , Caney Sarah M. A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To use nuclear scintigraphy to establish a range of gastric emptying half times (t1/2) following a liquid or solid meal in nonsedated cats.

Animals
12 clinically normal 3-year-old domestic shorthair cats.

Procedure
A test meal of 75 g of scrambled eggs labeled with technetium Tc 99m tin colloid was fed to 10 of the cats, and solid-phase gastric emptying t1/2 were determined by use of nuclear scintigraphy. In a separate experiment, 8 of these cats plus an additional 2 cats were fed 18 ml (n = 5) or 36 ml (n = 5) of a nutrient liquid meal labeled with technetium Tc 99m pentetate. Liquid-phase gastric emptying t1/2 then were determined by use of scintigraphy.

Results
Solid-phase gastric emptying t1/2 were between 210 and 769 minutes (median, 330 minutes). Median liquid-phase gastric emptying t1/2 after ingestion of 18 or 36 ml of the test meal were 67 minutes (range, 60 to 96 minutes) and 117 minutes (range, 101 to 170 minutes), respectively. The median t1/2 determined for cats receiving 18 ml of the radiolabeled liquid was significantly less than that determined for cats receiving 36 ml of the test meal.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
The protocol was tolerated by nonsedated cats. Solid-phase gastric emptying t1/2 were prolonged, compared with liquid-phase t1/2, and a major factor governing the emptying rate of liquids was the volume consumed. Nuclear scintigraphy may prove useful in assessing gastric motility disorders in cats. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1222–1226)
Primary nucleotide structure of predominant and alternate splice forms of equine insulin-like growth factor I and their gene expression patterns in tissues
Authors: Nixon Alan J. , Brower-Toland Brent D. , Sandell Linda J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To isolate, clone, and determine primary nucleotide sequence of equine insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and to examine IGF-I gene expression in tissues and cartilage from horses.

Animals
Horses of various ages.

Methods
Total RNA was isolated from tissues and purified. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was derived by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and subcloned to plasmid vectors for sequencing and comparison with other species. Total RNA from various tissues was probed with radiolabeled cDNA or complimentary RNA constructs by use of northern blotting, tube hybridization, or PCR procedures to determine IGF-I expression patterns.

Results
Nucleotide sequence of equine IGF-I was 90% homologous to that of cows, 88% homologous to that of humans and sheep, and 77% homologous to that of rats. Amino acid sequence was identical to that of humans, cows, dogs, and pigs. A larger PCR product (IGF-IB) was consistent with alternate splicing with retention of IGF-I exon 4 sequence, similar to rats and mice. Northern blot analysis revealed multiple IGF-I transcripts; predominant sizes were 1.6 and 4.5 kb. The IGF-I message was commonly detected in liver, kidney, and cartilage from young foals and was diminished in cartilage from a 12-month-old horse.

Conclusions
Nucleotide sequences of equine pre-propeptides were different from those of other species, but the sequence coding the mature IGF-I peptide was more closely homologous. The larger IGF-IB form differed substantially in the carboxy-terminal. The biological action of the cleaved terminal was speculated to be autocrine feedback. Expression of IGF-I was apparent in many tissues, including cartilage, and was greater in immature horses. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1234–1241)
Cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of xylazine, detomidine, and a combination of xylazine and acepromazine administered after exercise in horses
Authors: Hubbell John A. E. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Schmall L. Michael , Muir William W. , Robertson James T. , Sams Richard A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine sedative, cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of xylazine hydrochloride, detomidine hydrochloride, and a combination of xylazine and acepromazine administered IV at twice the standard doses in Thoroughbred horses recuperating from a brief period of maximal exercise.

Animals
6 adult Thoroughbreds,

Procedure
Horses were preconditioned by exercising them on a treadmill to establish a uniform level of fitness. Each horse ran 4 simulated races, with a minimum of 14 days between races. Simulated races were run at a treadmill speed that caused horses to exercise at 120% of their maximal oxygen consumption. Horses ran until they were fatigued or for a maximum of 2 minutes. One minute after the end of exercise, horses were treated IV with xylazine (2.2 mg/kg of body weight), detomidine (0.04 mg/kg), a combination of xylazine (2.2 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Treatments were randomized so that each horse received each treatment once, in random order. Cardiopulmonary indices were measured, and samples of arterial and venous blood were collected immediately before and at specific times for 90 minutes after the end of each race.

Results
All sedatives produced effective sedation. The cardiopulmonary depression that was induced was qualitatively similar to that induced by administration of these sedatives to resting horses and was not severe. Sedative administration after exercise prolonged the exercise-induced increase in body temperature.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Administration of xylazine, detomidine, or a combination of xylazine-acepromazine at twice the standard doses produced safe and effective sedation in horses that had just undergone a brief, intense bout of exercise. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1271–1279)
Evaluation of structural and functional alterations of circulating neutrophils in calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis
Authors: McClenahan David J. , Fagliari Jose J. , Evanson Oral A. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the structural and functional alterations in circulating neutrophils that may lead to sequestration in lung microvasculature and endothelial injury in calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis.

Animals
10 healthy, 2- to 4-week-old male Holstein calves.

Procedures
Holstein calves were anesthetized and inoculated intrabronchially with Dulbecco phosphate buffered saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (DPBSS; 5 control calves) or 1 × 109 Pasteurella haemolytica organisms (5 infected calves). Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after inoculation. Total and differential WBC count, dilute whole blood leukocyte deformability, neutrophil size distribution, and neutrophil surface CD11b expression were measured in blood samples.

Results
A progressive decrease in leukocyte deformability and increase in neutrophil size was detected 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after inoculation of P haemolytica. Neutrophil surface CD11b expression was greater than baseline values at 6 hours after inoculation of P haemolytica. Two populations of neutrophils with an increase in size were detected in P haemolytica-infected calves. Both subpopulations had increased CD11b expression, compared with neutrophils that were typical in size.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Neutrophils circulate in an activated and nondeformable state in calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis. A decrease in neutrophil deformability and neutrophil aggregation may contribute to neutrophil trapping in the lung microvasculature during pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1307–1311)
Pulmonary vascular pressures of strenuously exercising Thoroughbreds during intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin
Authors: Manohar Murli , Goetz Thomas E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin would modify pulmonary arterial, capillary, or venous hypertension in strenuously exercising Thoroughbreds.

Animals
5 healthy Thoroughbred horses.

Procedure
Right atrial, right ventricular, and pulmonary vascular pressures were measured. Each horse was used in a control treatment (not medicated) and a nitroglycerin infusion (20 μg/kg of body weight/min) at rest and during exercise on a treadmill. Sequence of treatments was randomized for each horse, and treatments were separated by a 7-day interval. Galloping at 14.2 m/s on a 5% uphill grade elicited maximal heart rate (mean ± SEM, 212 ± 2 beats/min) and could not be sustained for > 90 seconds. Nitroglycerin dosage was selected, because maximal pulmonary and systemic hemodynamic effects of IV nitroglycerin were elicited at 5 μg/kg/min and increasing the dosage to 20 μg/kg/min did not cause adverse effects.

Results
In the control treatment, exercise performed at maximal heart rate resulted in a significant increase in right atrial as well as pulmonary arterial, capillary, and wedge pressures. Nitroglycerin infusion in standing horses significantly decreased right atrial and pulmonary vascular pressures, whereas heart rate increased. Exercise in nitroglycerin-infused horses also resulted in a significant increase in right atrial as well as pulmonary arterial, capillary, and wedge pressures, and these values were not significantly different from data for the control treatment. All horses experienced exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage for both treatments.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
IV administration of nitroglycerin does not modify exercise-induced pulmonary hypertension and is unlikely to affect the incidence or severity of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in Thoroughbreds. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60: 1436–1440)
Muscle adaptation of Thoroughbred racehorses trained on a flat or sloped track
Authors: Miyata Hirofumi , Sugiura Takao , Kai Makoto , Hiraga Atsushi , Tokuriki Mikihiko 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine histochemical and biochemical properties of muscle during adaptation to training on a flat or sloped track.

Animals
22 Thoroughbreds.

Procedure
Samples were obtained from the middle gluteus muscle before and after training programs were conducted, using a needle-biopsy technique. Training programs consisted of horses running 1,600 m on a flat or sloped track for 16 weeks. Amplitude of middle gluteus muscle activity per burst was calculated. Muscle fiber composition and area were examined on serial cross sections processed by standard histochemical staining procedures (ATPase stain after prior incubation with an acid or base, followed by succinate dehydrogenase [SDH] stain). Furthermore, SDH and phosphofructokinase activities were determined biochemically, and composition of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms was analyzed electrophoretically.

Results
Training resulted in substantial adaptations. Relative contribution of muscle fiber with high SDH activity (type-I and -IIa fibers) to total cross-sectional area, SDH activity, and composition of MHC-IIa isoforms were increased. Gel electrophoresis revealed a large amount of MHC-IIx isoform and a small amount of MHC-IIb isoform in the muscle. Although root mean square of muscle activity for training on a sloped track was 7.6% higher than the value obtained while training on a flat track, muscle histochemical and biochemical properties did not differ significantly between groups training on flat and sloped tracks.

Conclusions
Training adaptations for contractile and metabolic properties of the middle gluteus muscle were evident for the 2 types of training. However, training adaptations did not differ significantly between groups trained on flat or sloped tracks. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60:1536–1539)
Effect of emu oil on auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice
Authors: López Alfonso , Sims David E. , Ablett Richard F. , Skinner Ronald E. , Léger Lori W. , Lariviere Carolyn M. , Jamieson Lara A. , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Zawadzka Gosia G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the acute anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied emu oil.

Animals
96 male CD-1 mice assigned randomly to 4 groups, each comprising 24 mice.

Procedure
To induce auricular inflammation, 50 μl of a solution comprising 10 μl of croton oil dissolved in 1 ml of acetone was applied to the inner surface of the left auricle (pinna). One hour later, 3 or 5 μl of emu oil (low- and high-dose groups, respectively) or 5 μl of porcine oil (oil-control) was applied to the left pinna. Control mice remained untreated. Six mice per group were euthanatized 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after induction of inflammation. Specimens of auricular tissue (ear plugs) were obtained, using a 6-mm biopsy punch. Magnitude of swelling was calculated as the weight difference between left (inflamed) and right (noninflamed) ear plugs; degree of edema was determined as the difference between wet and dry weights of the left ear plug.

Results
Magnitude of swelling was significantly reduced at 6 and 12 hours in mice treated with emu or porcine oil, compared with controls. The greatest reduction in swelling was detected in the high-dose emu group at 6 hours. Compared with controls, degree of edema was significantly reduced at 6 hours only in the high-dose group, whereas by 12 hours, all groups treated with oils had significantly less edema than controls. At 24 hours, magnitude of swelling and degree of edema did not differ among groups.

Conclusion
Topically applied emu oil significantly reduced severity of acute auricular inflammation induced by croton oil in mice. (Am J Vet Res 1999;60: 1558–1561)
Markers of bone turnover and biomechanical properties of the third metacarpal bone of growing pigs subjected to the different dietary phosphorus and calcium content
Authors: Sobol Monika , Skiba Grzegorz , Kowalczyk Paweł , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Grela Eugeniusz Ryszard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Eighteen weaned piglets were subjected to deficiency, adequate or excess of dietary phosphorus and calcium (group C−50, C and C+50, respectively) during growth from 33 to 110 day of age. However, the ratio of calcium/digestible phosphorus in all feeds was the same and consistent with the nutritional recommendation. Performance, bone growth, concentration of osteocalcin (OC) and carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), densitometry, geometry and mechanical properties of the 3rd metacarpal bone were measured. Growth rate and final body weight did not differ between C and C+50 animals, however, they grew approximately 5.9% faster and were heavier by about 4.0% than C−50 pigs. In turn, mass and length of bones were similar in C−50 and C+50 groups, however, they were approximately 11% lighter and 4% shorter compared to C pigs. Serum content of OC took the following order: C−50 < C < C+50 group (P<0.01). Content of CTX-I did not differ between C and C+50 animals, however they were lower by 36% (P<0.01) than in the C−50 pigs. All measured geometry parameters (cortical wall thickness, cross section area and cortical index) did not differ between C and C+50 pigs and were higher than in C−50 pigs (P<0.01). Bones of C−50 pigs contained less minerals than bones of the C and C+50 pigs (5.24 g vs mean 6.14 g, P<0.01). The 3rd metacarpal bone mineral density (g/cm2) was the lowest in pigs in group C−50, higher in pigs in group C, and the highest in animals in group C+50 (0.398, 0.431 and 0.475, respectively, P<0.01). Maximum strength of bones was similar in the C and C+50 pigs, however it was 13% greater (P<0.01) compared to C−50 animals. In turn, elastic strength and elastic deflection did not differ between the C and C−50 animals and were over 20% lower (P<0.01) than in the C+50 pigs. Whereas, there was no significant difference between groups in bone stiffness (mean 27.13 mm). The results of the present study proved that even a strong excess of phosphorus and calcium content in the diet for growing pigs is inadvisable and does not improve performance and bones parameters. While excessively lowering the dietary phosphorus and calcium concentration (e.g. to reduce environmental pollution) may adversely affect growth rate and bone characteristics.
Changing the vertical dimension of the face
Authors: Fitzpatrick Barry 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Orthognathic surgery either alone, or in combination with orthodontic treatment, frequently offers a satisfactory treatment for vertical skeletal discrepancies. This paper outlines the author’s surgical philosophy to clinical assessment and briefly outlines the clinical results of some of these treatment principles for cases with “deep” and “open” bite and those requiring “face” shortening and lengthening procedures.
Standardized facial photography
Authors: Fricker John P. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A method of standardizing facial photographs including a prototype design for a head stabilizer is described. The system incorporates a projected grid with bilateral illumination, so that when a photograph is taken at right angles to the projector axis, a contour photograph results. The system may be used to achieve better documentation of cases and is particularly useful in the assessment of asymmetries. The method also lends itself to computergraphics.
Clinical Orthodontic Photography: Part I – Intra-oral
Authors: Crawford Edward C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intra-oral photography provides depth to orthodontic case assessment and valuable visual material for patient and professional education. Photographs of excellent quality are obtained using good equipment standardized for the task and require a consistent method of setting, up and execution. The article discusses requirements for good photography and lists features ot photographic equipment important in producing excellent intra-oral pictures for orthodontic purposes. Correct selection of the camera body, lens and flash unit appropriate for this task is also discussed together with the auxilliary equipment necessary, such as cheek retractors and mirrors. Techniques involved in taking frontal and buccal (mirror-view) pictures are described.
Collagen Responsible for Tooth Eruption? — a study of the eruption of rat incisors
Authors: Taverne A.A.R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The rate of turnover of collagen in periodontal ligament (PDL) is closely associated with the process of tooth eruption and tissue adaptation allowing good anchorage of the tooth within the socket. Collagen may even be associated with orthodontic relapse. As the collagen protein seems to play a key role in tooth eruption, the investigation concentrated on the presence and maturation of collagen and its possible function in the process of tooth eruption.
The Don Spring Memorial Oration Orthodontic Management of the Short Face Patient
Authors: Turley Patrick K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In September 1992, the Australian Foundation for Orthodontic Research and Education held its biennial meeting at Hamilton Island, Queensland. The guest lecturer was Dr Patrick Turley. The first of Dr Turley’s presentations was the The Don Spring Memorial Oration, the content of which is included in the following article. The article has been reprinted with the permission of the Editor of the Pacific Coast Society of Orthodontists’ Bulletin. The second article will appear in the October 1993 edition of this Journal.
Gestiegene finanzpolitische Unsicherheit – zur Finanzpolitik des Bundes nach dem Urteil zum zweiten Nachtragshaushalt 2021
Authors: Büttner Thiess 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The paper deals with the current budget crisis in Germany, which was triggered by an attempt to increase public debt beyond the limits of the German constitution. The rejection of the Supplementary Budget 2021 of the federal government by the Constitutional Court in November 2023 requires a substantial revision of budget plans. The paper first asks why fiscal policy has moved outside the rules of the constitution. The paper then addresses the question of whether the necessary turnaround in financial policy has now been initiated. To this end, the paper explores the recent supplementary budget 2023 and the proposals for the budget 2024.
Starke Stimmen mit Chorgeist: Wirtschaftspolitische Beratung im Rahmen der Gemeinschaftsdiagnose
Authors: Kooths Stefan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Twice a year, the Joint Economic Forecast (JEF, „Gemeinschaftsdiagnose“) brings together Germany’s leading economic research institutes to prepare a consensus view on the business cycle, potential growth perspectives and appropriate policy recommendations. This globally unique exercise, dating back to 1950, fruitfully amalgamates individual forecasts without hampering the scientific independence of the participating institutes. While the primary purpose is to give policymakers and the general public a better understanding of economic dynamics, the JEF also serves as an ongoing interactive peer-review-process among its members. Joining forces within the JEF has proven particularly useful in times of dramatic macro shocks, when quick and reliable policy advice is urgently needed.
PROFIL GAMBARAN LIMFOMA MALIGNUM NON-HODGKIN MENURUT KLASIFIKASI WHO DAN WORKING FORMULATION DI LABORATORIUM PATOLOGI ANATOMI RSUP SANGLAH DENPASAR PERIODE TAHUN 2016 – 2018
Authors: Nolan John 
Published: January 2024

Limfoma malignum merupakan suatu neoplasma dengan manifestasi pembesaran kelenjar getah bening dan di luar kelenjar getah bening. Klasifikasi dari limfoma malignum dapat dibedakan menjadi dua jenis yaitu Limfoma Hodgkin dan Limfoma Non-Hodgkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai profil gambaran limfoma malignum menurut klasifikasi WHO dan Working Formulation (WF) di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar dalam kurun waktu 2016 – 2018. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif potong lintang dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan data sekunder dengan cara retrospektif yaitu dengan menggunakan rekam medis pasien. Sampel dipilih dan disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS versi 25 menurut karakteristik kasus berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, lokasi limfoma, dan hasil diagnosis menurut klasifikasi WHO ataupun WF. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kasus terbanyak terdapat pada usia dibawah 65 tahun dengan jumlah 97 orang (72,4%). Jenis kelamin didominasi oleh laki-laki sejumlah 78 orang (58,2%). Lokasi terbanyak didapatkan pada colli/leher sebanyak 28 orang (20,9%) dan diikuti oleh kavum nasi dengan jumlah sebesar 13 orang (9,7%). Menurut klasifikasi WF, intermediate grade merupakan kasus terbanyak yakni sebesar 92 kasus (68,7%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma adalah diagnosis terbanyak pada studi ini menurut klasifikasi WHO yakni sejumlah 86 orang (64,2%). Perlu dilakukan penelitian analitik variabel lebih lanjut untuk mencari hubungan antara berbagai karakteristik.