bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compound probiotics can improve intestinal health by affecting the gut microbiota of broilers
Authors: Liu Xuan , Ma Zhenhua , Wang Yanfei , Li Li , Jia Hao , Zhang Lihuan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Probiotics, as a widely used additive, have played a unique advantage in replacing antibiotic products. As a result, the probiotic effects on broiler development, intestinal flora, intestinal barrier, and immunity were assessed by this investigation. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 5 replicates with 24 broilers each. The control was fed only a basal corn–soybean meal diet. Probiotics I, probiotics II, and probiotics III were fed basal diet and 1, 5, and 10 g/kg compound probiotics (Lactobacillus casei: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bifidobacterium = 1:1:2), respectively. We found that broilers in the compound probiotic group exhibited better growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with control, especially among probiotics III group. The intestinal barrier-related genes relative expression of Claudin, Occludin, MUC2, and ZO-1 mRNA in the probiotic group increased at 21 and 42 d compared with control, especially among probiotics III group (P &lt; 0.05). The early gut immune-related genes (TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, and IL-2) mRNA increased compared with control, while the trend at 42 d was completely opposite to that in the earlier stage (P &lt; 0.05). Among them, probiotics III group showed the most significant changes compared to probiotics II group and probiotics I group. Select probiotics III group and control group for 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results demonstrated that probiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as o_Bacteroidales, f_Rikenellaceae, and g_Alistipes and improved the cecum’s gut microbiota of 42-day-old broilers. Additionally, adding the probiotics decreased the relative abundance of harmful microbes such as Proteobacteria. PICRUSt2 functional analysis revealed that most proteins were enriched in DNA replication, transcription, and glycolysis processes. Therefore, this study can provide theoretical reference value for probiotics to improve production performance, improve intestinal barrier, immunity, intestinal flora of broilers, and the application of probiotics.
Curcuma longa essential oils: toxicity and repellency against imported fire ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)
Authors: Ali Abbas , Shah Farhan Mahmood , Radwan Mohamed M , Elhendawy Mostafa A , Elsohly Mahmoud A , Khan Ikhlas A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) leaf and rhizome essential oils were evaluated for their toxicity and repellency against invasive fire ants: red imported fire ants (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, black imported fire ants (BIFA), Solenopsis richteri Forel, and a reproductively functional hybrid (HIFA). Ar-turmerone was the major constituent of leaf (42.4%) and rhizome (40.4%) essential oils. A range of concentrations starting from 156 µg/g until the failure of treatment were used. Removal of treated sand in digging bioassay was used as a criterion for repellency. Leaf essential oil showed significantly higher repellency at concentrations of 19.5, 9.8, and 4.9 µg/g against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively, as compared with control whereas rhizome essential oil was active at 39, 19.5, and 4.9 µg/g against BIFA, RIFA, and HIFA, respectively. Ar-turmerone exhibited repellency at 19.5 µg/g against HIFA workers whereas DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) failed at 39 µg/g. Leaf essential oil showed LC50 values of 85.8, 97.7, and 182.7µg/g against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA workers, whereas the rhizome essential oil had LC50 values of 127, 109.9, and 151.2 µg/g against these species, respectively. Ar-turmerone, tested only against HIFA, with LC50 value of 57.2 was the most active compound. Bifenthrin, a commonly used pyrethroid, with LC50 of 0.03, 0.32, and 0.018 µg/g was toxic against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively. Both the essential oils and ar-turmerone showed toxicity and repellency against imported fire ants. Different formulations of these natural products will be tested to explore the use potential of these natural products under field conditions.
Common Cold Coronaviruses Detection at an Academic Hospital Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hayek Haya , Amarin Justin Z , Qwaider Yasmeen Z , Stopczynski Tess , Spieker Andrew J , Hamdan Olla , Schmitz Jonathan , Chappell James D , Wrenn Jesse O , Halasa Natasha B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Community mitigation measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic altered the seasonality of some respiratory viruses, including the four common cold coronaviruses (CCCs). Since these measures have been relaxed, CCCs have resurged, but limited longitudinal data on CCCs circulation are available to interpret changes in prevalence during the pandemic. Therefore, we defined circulation of the four CCCs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Nashville, TN, for insights into the impact of pandemic human coronavirus emergence and associated containment measures on CCCs infections in the general population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of clinician-ordered respiratory virus panels from 01/01/2018 to 12/31/2022 at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (Nashville, TN). The panels test for common respiratory pathogens, including CCCs (namely HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1). Overall and age-specific detection frequencies for the four CCCs were analyzed. Multiple medical encounters for the same individual were included if they were &gt;14 days apart. The beginning of the pandemic was marked by 04/01/2020, the first day Tennessee’s stay-at-home order was in effect.

Results
A total of 57,930 samples were tested, and 2,003 (3.5%) were CCC-positive. The most frequently detected CCC was OC43 (n=785; 39.2%), followed by HKU1 (n=510; 25.5%), NL63 (n=510; 25.5%), and 229E (n=237; 11.8%). Before the pandemic, CCCs peaked during winter months. This seasonality was disrupted during the pandemic; circulation virtually ceased in April 2020 and resumed in January 2021, peaking during the spring months of 2021 and 2022. Throughout the study duration, OC43 predominated each season except for the 2019–2020 winter months, when HKU1 was predominant (Figure 1). The seasonality of all four CCCs was generally consistent across age groups; however, 229E was uncommon in children 0–4 years.
Figure 1. Detection frequency of the four common cold coronaviruses detected between January 2018 and December 2022 in Nashville, TN, by age group. The dashed line represents the first day Tennessee’s stay-at-home order was in effect.

Conclusion
The four CCCs circulated off-season in Nashville during the pandemic, exhibiting spring seasonal peaks in 2021 and 2022. Long-term monitoring of CCC circulation is required to determine whether the shift in seasonality becomes a permanent feature of CCC ecology. In addition, further studies are warranted to explain the varying predominance of HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1.
Management and Control of Legionella pneumophila Nosocomial Outbreak Risk in a Tertiary Level Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Lagala Yanina , Esposto Sofia , Torre Valeria , Fulvio Fernando , Vescina Cecilia , Eguiguren Paula , Treviño Natalia , Cipolla Lucía , Prieto Mónica , Arias Verónica , Morales Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Legionnaires' disease is a rare cause of pneumonia in the pediatric population. Case reports are described in children with risk factors such as immunocompromised. Outbreaks are commonly associated with buildings or structures that have complex water systems like hospitals. The most likely sources of infection include water used for showering, cooling towers, respiratory therapy equipment, humidifiers and other health care devices. Clinical presentation does not distinguish from other respiratory infections, difficult access to rapid diagnostic methods and empirical antibiotic treatment not effective are all factors that delay diagnosis and subsequent control measures, leading to an increased spread risk.

Methods
A case of Legionnaires' disease was rapidly detected in an immunocompromised pediatric patient with nosocomial pneumonia using BIOFIRE® FILMARRAY® Pneumonia Plus Panel and urinary antigen. The Infection Control Committee was reported, initiating control and surveillance measures: hospital's water sources were studied and patients with nosocomial pneumonia with no etiological diagnosis were studied in the same way.

Results
L. pneumophila was isolated in a water tank's sample with the same restriction profile as the clinical sample. A water safety plan was implemented: the water tank's temperature was raised to 65°C and hyperchlorinated to maintain an adequate level of disinfectant. Control cultures were performed, all negative. No new cases were detected.

Conclusions
It is important to consider Legionella pneumophila as a potential agent of pneumonia in children since it can result in life-threatening health conditions and severe nosocomial outbreak infection. The incorporation of rapid molecular or antigen diagnostic techniques allow prompt diagnosis and treatment, as well as rapid environmental and clinical surveillance measures that can reduce morbidity and mortality. When detecting Legionella infection, it is essential to identify the environmental focus so as to prevent the development of new cases.
Single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals heterogeneity among multiple white adipose tissue depots
Authors: Xie Limin , Hu Wanyu , Zhang Haowei , Ding Yujin , Zeng Qin , Liao Xiyan , Wang Dandan , Xie Wanqin , Hui Hannah Xiaoyan , Deng Tuo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Regardless of its anatomical site, adipose tissue shares a common energy-storage role but exhibits distinctive properties. Exploring the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of white adipose tissue (WAT) is crucial for comprehending its function and properties. However, existing single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) studies of adipose tissue heterogeneity have examined only one or two depots. In this study, we employed snRNA-seq to test five representative depots including inguinal, epididymal, mesenteric, perirenal, and pericardial adipose tissues in mice under physiological conditions. By analyzing the contents of main cell categories and gene profiles of various depots, we identified their distinctive physiological properties. Immune cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) showed dramatic differences among WAT depots, while adipocytes seemed to be conserved. The heightened presence of regulatory macrophages and B cells in pericardial adipose tissues implied their potential contribution to the preservation of coronary vascular function. Moreover, the selective aggregation of pericytes within mesenteric adipose tissue was likely associated with the maintenance of intestinal barrier homeostasis. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and snRNA-seq analysis, the major subpopulations of FAPs derived from these depots determined the site characteristics of FAPs to a certain extent. Our work establishes a systematic and reliable foundation for investigating the heterogeneity of WAT depots and elucidating the unique roles these depots play in coordinating the function of adjacent organs.
All the world’s a (hyper)graph: A data drama
Authors: Coupette Corinna , Vreeken Jilles , Rieck Bastian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We introduce Hyperbard, a dataset of diverse relational data representations derived from Shakespeare’s plays. Our representations range from simple graphs capturing character co-occurrence in single scenes to hypergraphs encoding complex communication settings and character contributions as hyperedges with edge-specific node weights. By making multiple intuitive representations readily available for experimentation, we facilitate rigorous representation robustness checks in graph learning, graph mining, and network analysis, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of specific representations. Leveraging the data released in Hyperbard, we demonstrate that many solutions to popular graph mining problems are highly dependent on the representation choice, thus calling current graph curation practices into question. As an homage to our data source, and asserting that science can also be art, we present our points in the form of a play.1
Supernatural Legends in the Western Balkans
Authors: Jurić Dorian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a general overview of Slavic supernatural legends in the Western Balkans. Data from current and archival research are used to provide contemporary insights into some long-standing theoretical questions regarding the genre, as well as to suggest avenues for future enquiry. Discussion includes the thought-world of legends, their functional deployment in social spheres, principles that govern the limits of their diffusion, problems of their analytical systematization and categorization (particularly into the subcategories of memorates and fabulates), and elements of subversion used in their telling. In conclusion, the chapter argues that renewed collection projects and theoretical advances in legend research could benefit from a return to producing what the chapter terms “survey studies”—comprehensive and thorough overviews of a singular supernatural being in a specific region based on systematic collation of extant data and synchronic and diachronic mapping of that being’s motifs.
Prenatal and Postnatal Development of Musical Behaviors and Their Role in Infancy
Authors: Partanen Eino , Virtala Paula , Kostilainen Kaisamari 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present chapter argues that early musical interaction is to a large degree connected to neurodevelopmental milestones in humans. As the brain matures and the infants become accustomed to their auditory and musical environment, the infants’ abilities for music perception improves. Especially audition plays a large role as the infant is quite passive during the first months of life, and the chapter suggests that the development of musical skills builds especially upon the strengths and capabilities of the auditory system. These developing early musical skills give rise to musical behaviors in interaction with the caregivers, who direct and guide the infant to produce behavior that their own culture classifies as music. While the development of musical behaviors is part of normal development, the contributors believe that caregivers can utilize music to promote the wellbeing of their child and see music as especially helpful for children at risk.
The Social Origins of Music
Authors: Rabinowitch Tal-Chen , Cirelli Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In all human cultures and throughout human history, music is an important socially interactive medium. At the same time, music plays a positive role in directing social-emotional behaviors of infants and children toward musical partners. Social-emotional development from early infancy also allows us to experience musical interactions with others as socially meaningful events. A growing body of research highlights specific underlying mechanisms of music, such as synchrony, as factors driving music-induced social effects. As a consequence, recent research explores whether musical interventions with infants and children enhance social bonding and general social capacities. This chapter examines the different phylogenetic and ontogenetic theories regarding the development of music as a socially interactive medium, and reviews and synthesizes studies investigating the role of music and musical interventions in influencing social capacities in infants and children. Finally, big open questions in the field and new directions for future research will be discussed.
Cultural Diversity and the Explanation of Musical Development
Authors: Hargreaves David J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the role of cultural diversity in the explanation of musical development. It starts with an outline of three theories of musical development that might be described as social theories, namely sociocultural approaches; ecological and cultural psychological approaches; and social cognitive approaches. The second main part of the chapter describes four specific examples of young people’s engagement with music that examine specific functions in particular cultural settings, namely the social and cultural functions of group singing; sustaining group identity after cultural displacement; the integration of immigrants into new national settings; and the adaptation to new technology. The third part of the chapter assesses the effectiveness of the theories in explaining the four examples, and the chapter concludes by drawing some practical implications for parenting, childcare, and early childhood education.
Section Commentary: Music Development Research Futures
Authors: Hall Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This commentary responds to expert authors on music development in early childhood who promote the main message that, from our earliest life, music is a fascinatingly complex and diverse dimension of how we come to be. The aim is to learn from and take forward this knowledge by expanding on the key themes in the research, such as music and their sociocultural contexts, neurocognitive development, creativity, and identity. This expansion is achieved by refreshing two familiar questions: what is music and musicality and who are music teachers? In attempting to answer these questions, the author reflects on the importance of our understandings incorporating multimodalities, more than human, decolonized, and interdisciplinary perspectives. The resulting discussion proposes how research futures in early music learning and development might take forward the frontiers of knowledge this section represents.
Building a Profile of Australian Parents’ Musical Beliefs, Values, and Practices
Authors: Abad Vicky , Broughton Mary C. , Barrett Margaret S. , Welch Graham F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Understanding the musical beliefs, values, and practices of parents provides insight into how children experience music in early childhood. This chapter presents a profile of parents enrolled in a longitudinal investigation of Australian families. Strand 1 families attended a Music Early Learning Program (MELP) while Strand 2 families did not. Parents’ musical beliefs, values, and music participation and engagement practices in everyday parenting including music in the home were sought through survey. Parent profiles identify mature-aged, well-educated adults in stable relationships with stable incomes, who were musically experienced. Many had music training in their childhood and/or engaged in music-making throughout their schooling. All parents valued music and reported that they used music almost daily for both personal and family use with their children to create calm, to relax, to re-energize, and to have fun. Emerging themes are identified and considered based on the resulting profile data.
Parental Involvement in a Greek Early Childhood Music Program
Authors: Stamou Lelouda , Abad Vicky , Troulou Rafaela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses parental involvement in the context of the Baby Artist early childhood music program operating in Greece. Parents’ notions of their roles in the classroom as well as their musical and social behaviors and the way they influence children’s participation in the EC music classes are examined through the lens of a mixed-methods research study that took place in the context of the Baby Artist early childhood music program. Findings are presented and discussed to provide input on “styles” of parental participation, stimulate a discussion on the importance and complexity of the social and musical environment created by teachers, parents, and students in an EC music class, as well address that ways teachers and parents may work hand in hand to facilitate the young child’s musical growth.
Section Commentary: Elton’s Back
Authors: Ilari Beatriz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Music learning and development in early childhood are foregrounded by children’s social interactions in homes, educational settings, and communities. As agentic beings, young children are known to bring their own dispositions, interests, and characteristics to the music that they experience, as they go about their daily lives. This chapter offers a commentary of the eleven chapters found in this section. Here, the commentator focuses on three emergent themes: spatiality, learning intentions and multimodality of children’s musical experiences, and conceptions of childhood, parenting, and music, and their role in our lives in a post-pandemic world. These three themes are discussed in light of recent work and theorizing on children’s wellbeing. Roberts’s (2010) wheel of wellbeing is proposed as a holistic model that early childhood music educators and researchers may adopt as they work with young children and their families.
Music in Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Preti Costanza , Bouteloup Philippe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The impact of live music programs in hospitals on children and their families is discussed within the context of a contemporary model of pediatric care. Through an overview of the development of the field of music in hospitals and of the role of the musicians, the chapter proposes a model of music in hospital that is focused on the cultural needs of the children and their right to access culture when they are in hospital. The cultural action that music brings in hospital is based on an intersection between music performance, music as informal education, and music as health. The model is discussed through the case of Musique et Santé, a leading organization in the field of music in hospital in Europe.
Live Bedside Music-Making with Children in Hospital
Authors: Hawley Rosalind , Livesley Joan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the impact of a UK model of live bedside music-making in ameliorating the adverse effects of hospitalization on children in hospital. It examines the responsive and flexible approach taken by two experienced hospital musicians as they encounter children in live bedside music-making interactions on a rehabilitation ward in a children’s hospital. The chapter begins with an overview of the developing role of hospital musician practice in the UK before turning to consider the potential adverse effects of hospitalization on children. Three case studies are used to illustrate the value of live bedside music-making in improving the experience of hospitalization for children, families, and staff. The discussion identifies benefits of bedside music-making opportunities in providing non-clinical patient-centered care for children in hospital.
Music Therapy in Pediatric Neurorehabilitation
Authors: Pool Jonathan , Wood Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the use of music by music therapists, to address functional gains and the social, emotional, and psychological needs of children with neurological problems. The way in which music is used with this population is presented, including its use as an assessment tool to reveal and evaluate the neurological function of the child or young person, as a powerful stimulus to support neuroplasticity in the recovery of function and also the rehearsal of daily routines for activities of daily living, and as a tool to promote participation in rehabilitation for children with acquired brain injury. Hypothetical cases based on clinical experiences are used to provide exemplars of pediatric music therapy in neurorehabilitation. The explanations within these reveal the clinical thinking behind the interventions.