bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ages and Stages
Authors: Rawson Beryl 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BY celebrating the anniversary of their birthday every year, Romans marked the passage of time. They gave thanks for the past year and prayed for divine protection for the coming year. Usual elements were fire on the domestic altar, incense, ritual cakes, wine, garlands of flowers, and white robes. These celebrations, and the ritual associated with them, were essentially Roman. There seems to be no Greek parallel for this tradition of annual celebrations of personal birthdays. The birthday poem, as a celebration and a birthday gift, is a Roman genre, attested over three centuries from the Augustan period.
Introduction
Authors: Wilson Bryan , Machacek David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IT is a commonplace of history that when, in particular periods, a society enjoys hegemony of economic, scientific, and technological enlightemnent, its intellectual and social elite will also exult in the distinctive customs, mores, and values of their society’s way of life. In these conditions, even the common people, following their leaders, tend to attribute their nation’s relative success not solely to advanced technical expertise, but to the patterns of social control and discipline that their country’s particular ethos has inculcated. Their manifest superiority to other peoples in respect of material culture confers credit on the ideological, moral, and spiritual tradition they have inherited or evolved.
Sokka Gakkai and Japanese Politics
Authors: Aruga Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE Soka Kyoiku Gakkai (Value-Creating Education Society) embraced goals that differed significantly from those that this same organization espoused after World War II, when it became Soka Gakkai. In his work, Soka kyoikugaku taikei (“A Theory of Value-Creating Pedagogy’’), Mak:iguchi emphasized a “system of learning based on methods to nurture capable people who will create value as befits a purpose in life”; or to be more precise, the society advocated the reform of educational policies and educational methods.
The Role of Women
Authors: Usui Atsuko 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE issue of religion and women has gained increasing importance in the field of religious studies, prompted by both the rise of feminism in the late 1970s and the reexamination of feminist theology within Christianity. Studies of feminist theology have indicated the existence of a “solidarity among women” whose daily living experiences were brought to life within religious movements, and have emphasized the con temporary significance of this solidarity. However, these studies have also revealed a course of history in which many religious denominations lost their initial advocacy of gender equality, became assimilated into patriarchal social structures, and even created a system that supported gender discrimination.
Immigrant Buddhists in America
Authors: Machacek David , Mitchell Kerry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
SOKA GAKKAI first arrived in the United States as the religion of some Japanese war brides. Although many American servicemen converted to the religion of their spouses in the early years, SGI-USA’s initial recruitment efforts targeted other recent immigrants from Japan, who, because of American immigration laws at the time, were also mostly women married to American men. For these early members, involvement in Soka Gakkai offered an opportunity to socialize with others who spoke their language and shared their customs.
The Late Mannerist in Athenia Vase-Painting
Authors: Mannack Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The potter and painter Myson founded the Mannerist workshop at the end of the sixth century BC. The Mannerists were his pupils and pupils of his pupils, and specialized in columnkraters, hydriai, and pelikai. The workshop was unusually long-lived and was active through the whole of the fifth century and the first decade of the fourth. The style of painting and the choice of some subjects are curiously old-fashioned. A number of pictures show rare themes such as the Death of Prokris, Odysseus and Nausicaa, and Orestes in Delphi. Other paintings give an unusual twist to well-known stories. The Mannerists were influenced by theatrical productions, extant wall paintings, and the works of other vase-painters. The workshop provides important clues for the chronology of Attic vase-painting, for example drawing reflecting Pheidias' Athena Parthenos, and Aeschylos' plays Sphinx, Eumenides, and Seven against Thebes.
Epic in the Middle of the Wood: Mise en Abyme in the Nisus and Euryalus Episode
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1893, Andre Gide introduced a new term into literary studies from heraldry, the mise en abyme: In a work of art, I like to find thus transposed, at the level of the characters, the subject of the work itself. Nothing sheds more light on the work or displays the proportions of the whole work more accurately. Thus, in paintings by Memling or Quentin Metzys, a small dark convex mirror reflects, in its turn, the interior of the room in which the action takes place.
Portrait Statues and the Statuesque
Authors: Stewart Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no question that Romans conceived of the portrait as a true likeness. Of course, there are degrees of likeness, and Roman portraits were highly conventional, appealing to physiognomical assumptions, displaying symbolic markers of social persona or character, exploiting adherence to or departure from well-known precedents. But when ancient texts address the functions of portraits, it is physical resemblance to their subject that emerges as the underlying premise. So it is that portraits are often said to perpetuate the memory of the dead, make present those who are absent, or lend insight into the personalities of those who have never been seen. And like the human face, the realistic portrait was a conspicuous sign of individual identity.
Simulacra and Signa
Authors: Stewart Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Deus est mortali iuvare mortalem.’ So writes Pliny the Elder: ‘When one mortal helps another, that is god.’ We are so used to following his Natural History as a museographical guide to the sculptures of Rome that we forget the author’s particular philosophical–ideological standpoint. Pliny is an outspoken agnostic, and insofar as he considers divinity at all, he does so in the language of Stoic cosmology. Pliny himself deceives us. He proclaims that his encyclopaedia is a dull collection of facts. He appends a list of contents so that hard-working Titus (to whom the work is dedicated) need not plough through the book but can look up the facts that he needs. His ‘catalogue’ of works by famous Greek artists in Rome and elsewhere reads like an ancient inventory and at certain points it is arranged in alphabetical order. It is easy to view this as objective or neutral description. Indeed it reads not unlike the temple inventories, or the Greek periegetic descriptions of Pausanias, who is interested in ‘art-historical’ facts and names in spite of the more obviously religious concerns that underlie some of his writings. But unlike those texts Pliny deflates the claims of polytheistic ‘superstition’ from the outset, repeatedly rejecting the trappings of traditional Roman religion, including anthropomorphic representation. Of course, he is not the only Roman writer to do this, but his work has long been exploited as the only extensive ‘art-historical’ text to survive from antiquity. We must therefore recognize that his presentation of the statues of Rome, so many of which were in some sense religious, cannot but be informed by the attitude he adopts towards nature and divinity.
We are Not Amused: Tiberius Caesar and the Flunkey
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is one particular tribe of muckers in Rome, they dash to and froinatizzy, tied up in free time, hustling for free; lots ado but nothing doing, they’re a drag for themselves and for others loathsome as can be .This is the lot I mean, if only I’m up to it, to put straight with the help of a true story.
The Price of Fame: Pompey
the Great and the Queen’s Shilling (App. 10)
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Magni Pompei miles uasti corporis fracte loquendo et ambulando molliter famam cinaedi traxerat certissimi. hie insidiatus node iumentis ducis cum ueste et auro et magno argenti pondere auertit miles.
Kings of Fable and Fables of Kings
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This final chapter will produce just one more ‘name’—the Athenian tyrant Pisistratus from back in the Herodotean mists of late sixth century bce proto-history—but only as a fictional frame, with Aesop as fabulist (§ 4 below: 1. 2). Otherwise, the sole humans here are two fellow-travellers to Apeland (§ 1: 4. 13). This is the place to take a look at kings in the (beast-)fables of Phaedrus (a look, not proper study), before a concluding moral reflection on Aesopic kingship mentions some fables not found in Phaedrus, and pontificates (a little) on royalty and rhetoric, write and wrong (§5).
Citizenship and Markets in Recent British Education Policy
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although we are concerned here mainly with the contrast between citizenship and customership as differing forms of social participation, we must also see both in the context of a third: community. Under customership goods and services are acquired through purchase within a free market. In citizenship they are allocated as of right, and financing their cost is separate from the act of acquisition. Within community goods and services are allocated according to criteria of affect and custom, again with payment separated from acquisition.
Institutions, Culture, and Identity of Transnational Citizenship: How Much Integration and ‘Communal Spirit’ is Needed?
Authors: Bader Veit 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Institutions, cultures, and political identities of democratic (nation-) states are increasingly under pressure in our epoch of rapid globalization and huge migration. The theory and politics of radical democracy have to imagine answers to many new problems.
Global ecological problems, global insecurity (wars, civil wars, ethnic cleansings), and poverty require co-ordinated international efforts at a time when the misfit of existing inter-governmental and international institutions, worsened by neo-liberal globalization strategies (Hirst and Thompson 1996), is increasingly felt (Held 1995; Falk 1995).
Absolute Borderline Cases
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The New York Vagueness Group has convened up and down Manhattan since 1997. The membership is infinite. Proof: there is at least one member. Me. And for each member, there is another member with a stranger solution to the sorites paradox. Despite our numbers, we agree on particular borderline cases. This is noteworthy because the group’s usage of ‘borderline case’ rarely matches the ordinary use. Our curious solidarity became evident in the course of some automated ordinary language philosophy.
Truthmaker Gaps
Authors: Sorensen Roy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An inflationary correspondence theory of truth appears to be inhospitable terrain for the epistemicist. Such a theory legitimates the plea for a substantial fact that would make, say, 15 minutes after noon the last noonish minute. In contrast, a deflationary theory of truth forms a congenial setting by quietly smothering the primal plea. If ‘true’ does little more than remove quotation marks and serve as a sentence variable, then talk of ‘facts’ is similarly thin and linguistic. What makes a borderline tall man actually tall? Well, the that he is tall. What is the nature of that fact? Well it just consists in ‘He is tall’ being true. Facts and truths are just two sides of the same slim coin.
Is Music a Language of the Emotions?1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In discussing musical works and their appreciation we accept that they may be understood (and misunderstood) and that a person who understands a musical work can be asked to justify her understanding. The nature of aesthetic discussions and disagreements about music indicates that we accept that music is the bearer of meaning or sense and that it is this meaning or sense the listener comprehends when she is said to understand a musical work. Nevertheless, neither what it is that music means nor the way music bears its meaning is readily apparent. It is these subjects I consider below.
Musical Understanding and Musical Kinds1
Authors: Davies Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose someone, call her Cecilia, is keen to understand the music composed by Mozart after 1778. She listens carefully and repeatedly to the first movements of the Sinfonia Concertante for Violin and Viola in E flat major (K. 364 of 1779 or later), Symphony No. 36 in C major (the ‘Linz’, K. 425 of 1783), the last of the piano concertos in C major (K. 503 of 1786), Symphony No. 41 in C major (the ‘Jupiter’, K. 551 of 1788), and the Clarinet Concerto in A major (K. 622 of 1791; the first movement was written in G for basset-horn in 1789). She reads (from the record notes) that each of these movements is in sonata form and she listens to them with that in mind.2 In time she knows of each movement how it is put together.3 Does she understand the music composed by Mozart after 1778?
Was Wittgenstein Really an Anti-realist about Mathematics?
Authors: Putnam Hilary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is widely assumed that Wittgenstein was an “anti-realist” about mathematics, and this assumption then undergirds claims by philoso phers as different in other respects as Michael Dummett, Paul Horwich, Saul Kripke, and Richard Rorty that Wittgenstein was an anti-realist across the board. Indeed, very often this is not recognized to be an assumption; the secondary literature often takes it to be self-evident. My aim in this essay is to challenge this assumption, not by presenting a lengthy textual analysis of Wittgenstein’s extensive writing on the foundations of mathematics, but by offering a reaction of my own to the “realism” problem which is built on recognizably Wittgensteinian materials, and which does not smack of any sort of “anti-realism.” To be sure, even if I can bring this off, it will not show that a more realist (or less “anti-realist”) reading is the only possible reading that can be given to Wittgenstein’s text; for it will be claimed that one can also build a case for an anti-realist position out of Wittgensteinian materi als, and this is what Michael Dummett, Saul Kripke, and Paul Horwich claim to have done (Rorty does not cite texts, but simply tells us what Wittgenstein allegedly thought).
The Expression of Belief
Authors: Winch Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is indeed an immense gulf, which hardly anyone can fail to see, between Wittgenstein’s conception of philosophy and that of the main stream. Indeed, his method of argument diverges from what is familiar so drastically, that some fail to see that there is any argument there at all. He himself, in his bleak Preface to Philosophical Investigations, says his book “is really only an album” and laments that he has been unable to produce the “good book” that he would have liked. There is no reason to doubt that he was sincerely dissatisfied with the work as it stood; but I think there is overwhelming reason not to accept at its face value his description of it as “only an album.” Even the paragraph of the Preface that ostensibly is to justify that designation hardly does so in fact. Indeed, in the previous sentence he speaks of it as “a picture of a landscape” and one constructed according to definite principles.
Wittgenstein’s “Plan for the Treatment of Psychological Concepts”
Authors: Finkelstein David H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A striking feature of Wittgenstein’s later writings is his preoccupation with psychological self-ascriptions-that is, with statements such as “I am afraid,” “I am expecting an explosion,” and “I’m in pain.” This preoccupation is evident in the remarkable passage from Zettel repro duced above.’ In what follows, I’ll be offering a reading of this passage. My primary aim will be to clarify what Wittgenstein means when he characterizes a psychological sentence in the first person of the present as “akin to an expression.” Along the way, I hope to shed light on what a number of his late writings have to say about, first, the relation between an expression and that which it expresses and, second, the authority with which we speak about our own mental goings-on.
The People and the Law
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We earn a great deal about how a society functions, or is supposed to function. by studying the laws it has devised for guiding and , gulaing the behaviour of its members. By their very nature, a society’s laws tell us much about the ethical norms and codes of conduct which operate within the society, and they often provide important insights into the overall philosophy and principles which helped shape them; for many laws are in effect specific applications of general principies.
Myth
Authors: Bryce Trevor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The god Telipinu has flown into a rage. He puts on his shoes and departs the land. Crops wither and die, sheep and cattle their young and become barren, men and gods starve. In great alarm the Storm God, father of Telipinu, dispatches an to search for his wayward son. The search is in vain. 1he Storm God himself attempts to seek him out. Again to no avail. No god, great or small, can determine his whereabouts. In desperation the Storm God sends a bee to look for him. The bee searches on high mountains, in deep valleys, in the blue Finally, in a meadow, it discovers Telipinu.
Introduction: A Social Science Theory for the 21st Century
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book proposes a new theory for explaining and predicting current and future patterns of women’s choices between family work and market work, a theory that is historically-informed, empirically-based, multidisciplinary, prospective rather than retrospective in orientation, and applicable in all rich modern societies. Our aim is a theory that is genuinely universal.
The Failure to Predict
Authors: Hakim Catherine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preference theory aims to overcome some important weaknesses in current theorizing in the sociology of work and employment, labour economics, and social psychology. A full critique of these theories is not attempted here. There is already an extensive social science literature devoted to reviews, assessments, and critiques of current theories and debates in all the social sciences that have addressed women’s position in society, the family, and labour market (for example Connell 1987; Walby 1990; Blau and Ferber 1992; Delphy and Leonard 1992). Our objective is rather to develop a more satisfactory theory that offers explanations for contemporary trends and also facilitates predictions of future patterns of women’s labour market participation.
Terms of Endearment, Affection, and Esteem
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Latin address system contains a large number of different ways of expressing affection, respect, admiration, and similar emotions. Often such feelings are expressed using a kinship term, a title, or the praenomen, as we have already seen. In this chapter we shall examine the Latin address system’s other ways of showing affection and esteem.
Addresses to Groups
Authors: Dickey Eleanor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the war was raging in Africa, in Rome the men of the tenth legion were demanding discharge and bonuses with serious threats and posing a grave danger to the city, but Caesar did not hesitate to approach them, against the advice of his friends, and to disband them. Indeed he so easily won them over with a single word, calling them Quirites instead of ‘soldiers’, that they immediately replied that they were soldiers and spontaneously followed him into Africa, even over his objections.
City and Country in Dio
Authors: Desideri Paolo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I hardly need to recall here that Dio of Prusa was, together with Plutarch, the first author, and one of the most important ones, of the so-called Greek Renaissance in the time of the High Roman Empire. Just a little less obvious, perhaps, is the fact that this Renaissance itself took place in a completely different political world from that which had been the theatre of classical Greek and
Some Uses of Storytelling in Dio
Authors: Anderson Graham 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dio of Prusa is normally studied for his role as a moralist; for his political relationships;2 and for his sophistic talents in the broadest sense. But he is rather more seldom studied for a role which any sophist might be expected to summon, as a narrator and storyteller. In view of the heightened interest in fiction in early imperial times, it seems right to look at this aspect of Dio as well. I have chosen a small group of works with substantial narrative elements, and set out through them to review the author’s narrative interests as a whole. The pieces chosen are the pastoral tale that forms the first half of the Euboicus, the ‘Choice of Heracles’ that concludes the First Kingship Oration, the Troicus, the Libycus, and the Borystheniticus. Each of these raises its own questions, but one typical trait will be apparent: there is a degree of reticence, and the sense of narrative resourcefulness is held in check by an overriding moral responsibility.
Dio’s Use of Mythology
Authors: Said Suzanne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One may wonder, as Paul Veyne did some years ago,1 if, under the Empire, the Greeks believed in their myths. But one cannot deny that they used them, and this is amply demonstrated by Dio’s speeches. As an introduction to this study, I propose to examine the characteristics of myth according to Dio, relying mostly on the occurrences of muthos, muthologein, etc, in his works. After this, I shall first demonstrate his rhetorical skill at manipulating mythological topoi. Secondly, I shall focus on his philosophical use of myth. Finally, according to the unwritten rules of French academic rhetoric, I shall consider his rewriting of traditional stories in the problematic Trojan Oration (Or. 11), and also in the Nessus (Or. 60) and the Chryseis (Or. 61).
Plato in Dia
Authors: Trapp Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plato’s name is not often mentioned in the surviving corpus of Dio’s work, occurring only five times in the seventy-six genuine pieces; even if three further thinly veiled allusions are added, that only yields a total of eight. Yet appreciation of his influence is essential to a proper understanding of Dio. Ancient and Byzantine critics give a prominent place to the relationship between the two authors, but consider it in almost purely stylistic terms. As will emerge, this is too restrictive; the reality is more complicated and more interesting. Plato is indeed acknowledged and imitated by Dio as a model of good prose style (in several distinct registers), but the imitation and appropriation extend also to elements of structure and characterization; and besides his stylistic importance,
Dio on the Simple and Self-Sufficient Life
Authors: Brenk Frederick E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is not a very self-sufficient use of quotations, but I hope it suggests how attitudes towards the simple life are not that simple. Dio himself is something of a paradox in this matter. Though he was a member of the upper class of his native city, Prusa, he embraced aspects of Cynic philosophy. During his exile under Domitian, he even lived, or imagined himself living, as a poor, travelling Cynic. His life, then, raises several problems.