bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interrelationship amid carbon emissions, tourism, economy, and energy use in Brazil
Authors: Raihan Asif 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTourism serves as a crucial means of funding national development and ensuring the sustainability of local livelihoods in growing countries such as Brazil. Nevertheless, the accelerated growth of tourism in various nations might lead to significant environmental consequences due to heightened energy consumption. This surge in energy usage contributes to the exacerbation of global warming through the amplified release of carbon dioxide (CO2). In light of the increasingly evident impacts of climate change on the natural environment, a multitude of endeavors have been undertaken with the aim of attaining ecological sustainability. The objective of this study is to examine the dynamic effects of economic growth, energy consumption, and tourism on carbon emissions in Brazil by analyzing time series data spanning from 1990 to 2019. The stationarity of data was assessed through the application of unit root tests, while an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach was employed to analyze the relationship between the components, accounting for both the long-term and short-term dynamics. The empirical results indicate that a 1% rise in economic growth, energy consumption, and tourist arrivals leads to environmental deterioration by causing a respective increase in CO2 emissions of 1.37%, 1.06%, and 0.57% in the near term, and 0.72%, 0.62%, and 0.16% in the long term. This article presents policy ideas aimed at achieving carbon neutrality in Brazil by increasing the utilization of renewable energy sources, while simultaneously fostering sustainable tourism as a means to enhance the country’s economy.Highlights•This study investigated the tourism-economy-energy-environment nexus in Brazil.•The econometric analysis revealed that tourism, energy use, and economic growth increase CO2 emissions.•This article offers policy suggestions to achieve sustainable tourism and carbon neutrality.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluate the differences in carbon sink contribution of different ecological engineering projects
Authors: Zeng Jingyu , Zhou Tao , Tan E , Xu Yixin , Lin Qiaoyu , Zhang Yajie , Wu Xuemei , Zhang Jingzhou , Liu Xia , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChina has implemented a series of ecological engineering projects to help achieve the 2060 carbon neutrality target. However, the lack of quantitative research on ecological engineering and the contribution of climate change to terrestrial carbon sinks limits this goal. This study uses robust statistical models combined with multiple terrestrial biosphere models to quantify the impact of China's ecological engineering on terrestrial ecosystem carbon sink trends and their differences according to the difference between reality and nonpractice assumptions. The main conclusions include the following: (1) since 1901, 84% of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sinks in China have shown an increasing trend, and approximately 45% of regional carbon sinks have increased by more than 0.1 g C/m2 every 10 years. (2) Considering the impact of human activities and the implementation of ecological engineering in China, approximately 56% of carbon sinks have improved, and approximately 10% of the regions whose carbon sink growth exceeds 50 g C m−2 yr−1 are mainly in the southeast coastal of China. (3) The carbon sequestration potential and effect of the Sanjiangyuan ecological protection and construction project are better than others, at 1.26 g C m−2 yr−1 and 14.13%, respectively. The Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source comprehensive control project helps alleviate the reduction in carbon sinks, while the southwest karst rocky desertification comprehensive control project may aggravate the reduction in carbon sinks. This study clarifies the potential of China's different ecological engineering to increase carbon sink potential, and distinguishes and quantifies the contribution of climate and human activity factors to it, which is of great significance to the system management optimization scheme of terrestrial ecosystems and can effectively serve the national carbon neutral strategy.
Graphical Abstract
Finite-time attitude tracking control of stratospheric airship in the presence of multiple disturbances
Authors: Li Z.B. , He D.P. , Zhang J.Q. , Meng X.R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a composite non-singular fast terminal sliding mode attitude control scheme based on a reduced-order extended state observer for the stratospheric airship’s attitude system affected by multiple disturbances. First, the feedback linearisation method is applied to address the nonlinearity of the attitude motion model and achieve decoupling of the model in three channels. Second, the overall disturbances, encompassing airship parameter perturbations and external disturbances, are treated as an aggregate. A reduced-order extended state observer is designed for each channel to formulate a composite non-singular fast terminal sliding mode surface. In the control design phase, the hyperbolic sine function is adopted as replacement for the sign function to ensure the continuity of the control signal. The estimated disturbances are incorporated in the control law design to directly offset the effects of multiple disturbances on the attitude motion of the airship. Third, based on Lyapunov theory, it has been proven that the control law can drive the attitude tracking error to converge to zero within a finite time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control scheme exhibits favorable disturbance rejection capability, as well as higher tracking accuracy and faster response speed.
Aerodynamic design of a high-efficiency two-stage axial turbine, using streamline curvature method and performance optimisation by clocking of stator blades
Authors: Taghavi Zenouz R. , Abiri S.M.M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAerodynamic design of a high-efficiency two-stage axial turbine is carried out using a hybrid method through implantation of a two-step design procedure. In the first step, the well-known streamline curvature (SLC) and free vortex (FV) methods are properly combined to establish three-dimensional geometries of the blades at each row and to obtain the flow field properties. The second step is provided to obtain the highest aerodynamic efficiency by optimum clocking of the second stator blades relative to the first ones through executing steady and unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of three-dimensional viscous flow. Slight discrepancies were observed between gas dynamics results of the SLC and those of CFD. Total pressure and temperature at the turbine outlet, obtained from SLC method, differed from those obtained by 3D-CFD technique by 13.06% and 1.88% respectively. Aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine is obtained about 91.83%, based on 3D-CFD. Time-averaged results showed that under the optimum clocking of the second row stator blades, inlet total pressure and output power of the second rotor increase by 0.23%, and 0.93%, respectively, in comparison to the worst clocking case. These augmentations resulted in increased total to total efficiency of the second stage by 0.444%. Additionally, the total output power of the two stages increased by 0.71% through the optimum clocking. Modeling the unsteady wake flow trajectory within the blades passages confirmed that all of these beneficial effects happen if the upstream wake impinges on the leading edge region of the second stator blades.
“A labor of love”: Integrating mental health and HIV care: Lessons from a multicountry mental health learning network
Authors: Moitra Modhurima , Gonese Gloria , Mukherjee Madhuri , White Belinda , Young Dorraine , Collins Pamela Y. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Mental health conditions among people living with HIV (PLWH) are important to address as they adversely affect quality of life, impede adherence to HIV treatment and increase mortality. Planning for integrating mental health care in resource-limited HIV care settings requires substantial effort. Learning networks are a useful way to exchange knowledge between countries about best and current practices in planning mental health care for PLWH. This paper describes the launch of a mental health learning network within a global health implementing center and the lessons learned across participating members from six countries: the United States, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Zimbabwe, Malawi and India. Lessons learned from the learning network sessions spanned four broad domains: (i) the need for routine and integrated mental health data collection, (ii) developing standardized protocols to implement mental health care, (iii) adequate training and supervision of health care staff and (iv) prioritization of mental health care integration by program funders. We find that time and resource constraints can be barriers to shared leadership and sustainability of learning networks. Prioritizing learning networks as an important component of integrated HIV and mental health care programs is one of the potential strategies to ensure long-term continuity.
Using power analysis and spatial prioritization to evaluate the design of a forest bird monitoring programme
Authors: Southwell Darren M. , Smart Adam , Merson Samuel D. , Selwood Katherine E. , Macgregor Nicholas A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiodiversity monitoring programmes should be designed with sufficient statistical power to detect population change. Here we evaluated the statistical power of monitoring to detect declines in the occupancy of forest birds on Christmas Island, Australia. We fitted zero-inflated binomial models to 3 years of repeat detection data (2011, 2013 and 2015) to estimate single-visit detection probabilities for four species of concern: the Christmas Island imperial pigeonDucula whartoni, Christmas Island white-eyeZosterops natalis, Christmas Island thrushTurdus poliocephalus erythropleurusand Christmas Island emerald doveChalcophaps indica natalis. We combined detection probabilities with maps of occupancy to simulate data collected over the next 10 years for alternative monitoring designs and for different declines in occupancy (10–50%). Specifically, we explored how the number of sites (60, 128, 300, 500), the interval between surveys (1–5 years), the number of repeat visits (2–4 visits) and the location of sites influenced power. Power was high (> 80%) for the imperial pigeon, white-eye and thrush for most scenarios, except for when only 60 sites were surveyed or a 10% decline in occupancy was simulated over 10 years. For the emerald dove, which is the rarest of the four species and has a patchy distribution, power was low in almost all scenarios tested. Prioritizing monitoring towards core habitat for this species only slightly improved power to detect declines. Our study demonstrates how data collected during the early stages of monitoring can be analysed in simulation tools to fine-tune future survey design decisions.
Path planning for robots in preform weaving based on learning from demonstration
Authors: Meng Zhuo , Li Shuo , Zhang Yujing , Sun Yize 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA collision-free path planning method is proposed based on learning from demonstration (LfD) to address the challenges of cumbersome manual teaching operations caused by complex action of yarn storage, variable mechanism positions, and limited workspace in preform weaving. First, by utilizing extreme learning machines (ELM) to autonomously learn the teaching data of yarn storage, the mapping relationship between the starting and ending points and the teaching path points is constructed to obtain the imitation path with similar storage actions under the starting and ending points of the new task. Second, an improved rapidly expanding random trees (IRRT) method with adaptive direction and step size is proposed to expand path points with high quality. Finally, taking the spatical guidance point of imitation path as the target direction of IRRT, the expansion direction is biased toward the imitation path to obtain a collision-free path that meets the action yarn storage. The results of different yarn storage examples show that the ELM-IRRT method can plan the yarn storage path within 2s–5s when the position of the mechanism changes in narrow spaces, avoiding tedious manual operations that program the robot movements, which is feasible and effective.
Investigating Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seropositivity in camels and human behavioural risks in an abattoir in Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Andrew Musa , Onoja Anyebe Bernard , Ugbodu Victoria Ehinor , Bala Reuben Sylvester , Maina Meshach , Salisu Usman Shehu , Pewan Shedrach Benjamin , David Emmanuel , Malgwi Arhyel , Adamu Cornelius , Adeiza Abdulrahman , Herbert Megan , Horwood Paul , Adegboye Oyelola 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCrimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an emerging viral pathogen with pandemic potential that is often misdiagnosed. Case fatality in low-resource settings could be up to 40% due to close contact between animals and humans. A two-year cross-sectional study was conducted in Fagge abattoir, Kano State, Nigeria, to estimate the seropositivity of CCHFV in camels using a commercial multi-species competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A closed-ended questionnaire was administered to the abattoir workers to assess their awareness, mitigation, and behavioural practices associated with CCHF. Of the 184 camels tested, 179 (97%) were seropositive for CCHFV (95% confidence interval (CI): 93.77, 99.11). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age of respondents was 41 (35–52), with 62% having no education. Respondents had little knowledge about CCHFV and the concept of zoonotic disease. In this study, the high estimated prevalence of antibodies to CCHFV in camels highlights the heightened risk of transmission of CCHFV in Nigeria. Similarly, a concerning lack of knowledge and inadequate preventive practices, alongside a prevalence of high-risk behaviours associated with CCHF among abattoir workers, were noted in this study. Thus, there is an urgent need for comprehensive public health education and collaborative One Health strategies to avert the threats of spillover events.
Identifying barriers and facilitators to increase fibre intakes in UK primary school children and exploring the acceptability of intervention components: a UK qualitative study
Authors: Donin Angela S , Goldsmith Lucy P , Sharp Clare , Wahlich Charlotte , Whincup Peter H , Ussher Michael H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Within the UK, dietary fibre intakes are well below recommended intakes and associated with increased risk of obesity. This study aimed to explore the views of parents and children on barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intakes and improving diets, alongside investigating the appropriateness of intervention components to overcome modifiable barriers.

Design:
Qualitative study including semi-structured interviews and focus groups informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Participants:
Year 5 children (aged 9–10-years) and parents, recruited through London primary schools

Results:
A total of twenty-four participants (eleven parents and thirteen children) took part. Five key themes were identified as barriers and facilitators, namely lack of (and improving) knowledge, social factors (including parent–child conflicts, limited time for food preparation, influence of peer and family members), current eating habits, influence of the school, community and home environment in shaping eating behaviours, and the importance of choice and variety in finding foods that are healthy and tasty. Parents strongly supported school-based dietary interventions to enable consistent messaging at home and school and help support dietary behaviour change. Practical sessions (such as workshops to strengthen knowledge, taste tests and food swap ideas) were supported by parents and children.

Conclusions:
By using a theory-driven approach to explore the barriers and facilitators to increasing fibre intake, this research identified important themes and modifiable barriers to behaviour change and identifies acceptable intervention components to overcome barriers and bring about sustained dietary behaviour change in primary school children.
Comparing situational influences on differential healthcare utilization trajectories in patients on home palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Yoon Sungwon , Goh Hendra , Yeo Zhi Zheng , Yang Grace Meijuan , Chong Poh Heng , Zhuang Qingyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatients with terminal cancer receiving home palliative care present differential healthcare utilization trajectories before death. It remains unclear which situational elements influence these trajectories among disparate patient groups. The aim of this study was to compare situational influences on “persistently high” and “low stable” trajectories of healthcare utilization in patients who received palliative care support at home.MethodsBereaved family caregivers were recruited from our prior quantitative study investigating healthcare utilization trajectories in oncology patients on home-based palliative care. In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis of data uncovered how the 2 utilization trajectories were influenced by the interplay of 1 or more of 4 situational elements. Perceived symptom control in patients, influenced by their determination to die at home, shapes the susceptibility to situational contingencies, resulting in differential utilization trajectories. Caregivers’ mental readiness in dealing with unexpected circumstances has a significant impact on the overall manageability of care, ultimately affecting decisions related to healthcare utilization. The concordance between symptom needs and scope of homecare services in a given situation proves to be an important determinant. Lastly, perceived accessibility to informal support in times of need acts as a contextual reinforcement, either preventing or precipitating decisions regarding healthcare utilizations.Significance of resultsOur findings hold important implications for the provision of homecare services, in particular, the need for comprehensive assessment of end-of-life wishes during homecare enrolment and strengthening psychological preparedness of caregivers. Expansion of home-based clinical interventions tailored to high utilizers, and funding for temporary in-home respite should be considered to optimally manage potentially preventable acute healthcare utilization.
Multi-band circularly polarized antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications based on characteristic mode theory
Authors: Yang Yutong , Qi Zihang , Chen Yongxin , Li Xiuping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA multi-band circularly polarized antenna is proposed for WLAN (2.4/5.3/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (3.5 GHz) applications. The proposed antenna is constructed of a radiation patch and a reflecting metal ground. Characteristic mode theory is utilized to analyze the modes of the patch and based on these results the antenna is optimized. The −10 dB impedance bandwidths of the proposed antenna are 53.53% (2.4–4.15 GHz) and 47.28% (5.25–8.5 GHz), respectively. The antenna radiates left-handed circular polarization in the lower band and right-handed circular polarization in the upper band. A maximum gain of 10 dBic is achieved for the proposed antenna.
Constraining Projected Changes in Rare Intense Precipitation Events Across Global Land Regions
Authors: Li Chao , Sun Qiaohong , Wang Jianyu , Liang Yongxiao , Zwiers Francis W. , Zhang Xuebin , Li Tong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRare precipitation events with return periods of multiple decades to hundreds of years are particularly damaging to natural and societal systems. Projections of such rare, damaging precipitation events in the future climate are, however, subject to large inter‐model variations. We show that a substantial portion of these differences can be ascribed to the projected warming uncertainty, and can be robustly reduced by using the warming observed during recent decades as an observational constraint, implemented either by directly constraining the projections with the observed warming or by conditioning them on constrained warming projections, as verified by extensive model‐based cross‐validation. The temperature constraint reduces >40% of the warming‐induced uncertainty in the projected intensification of future rare daily precipitation events for a climate that is 2°C warmer than preindustrial across most regions. This uncertainty reduction together with validation of the reliability of the projections should permit more confident adaptation planning at regional levels.
Growth Increments of Coralline Red Alga Clathromorphum Compactum Capture Sea‐Ice Variability Links to Arctic and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations (1805–2015)
Authors: Leclerc N. , Halfar J. , Hetzinger S. , Tsay A. , Moore G. W. K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven sea ice's importance in global climate regulation, fully understanding the role of natural temperature and atmospheric patterns like the Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in its variability is critical. While instrumental AMO and reliable AO records are available since the mid‐1800s and 1958, respectively, satellite sea‐ice concentration data sets start only in 1979, limiting the shared timespan to study their interplay. Growth increments of the coralline algae, Clathromorphum compactum, can provide sea‐ice proxy information for years prior to 1979. We present a seasonal 210‐year algal record from Lancaster Sound in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago capturing low frequency AMO/NAO variability and high frequency interannual AO/NAO prior to 2000. We suggest that sea‐ice variability here is strongly coupled to these large‐scale climate processes, and that sea‐ice cover was greater and the AO more negative in the early and late 19th century compared to the 20th.
On the Linkage Between Daytime E Region Field‐Aligned Irregularities and Sporadic E Layer at Low Latitude
Authors: Sahu B. , Pavanchaitanya P. , Patra A. K. , Niranjan K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe investigate the generation of low latitude daytime E region field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) and focus on whether the FAIs are exclusively linked with sporadic E (Es) and whether the FAIs are driven by wind‐driven gradient‐drift instability (GDI). For this investigation, we use observations of FAIs made by the 30 MHz Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer (GIRI) and Es made by the DPS‐4D digital ionosonde, both collocated at Gadanki. We have also examined simultaneous GIRI and Ionospheric Connection Explorer wind observations to substantiate our results. Results show that daytime E region FAIs are closely linked with Es activity and FAIs are not formed when Es is absent. FAIs are formed when blanketing frequency of Es (fbEs) exceeds frequency of the E layer. Both signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and spectral width of the FAIs echoes display close relationship with top frequency of Es (ftEs). Further, SNR and spectral width of the FAIs echoes display a near‐linear relationship with minimum deviation when Es activity is moderate and show dispersion from near‐linear relationship when Es activity is strong. Zonal drift of the FAIs are predominantly eastward displaying both positive and negative vertical shear. Results also show that Es activity in terms of fbEs and ftEs is found to be closely related to the vertical shear in the zonal drift of the FAIs. Considering the height region of FAIs being highly collisional, we argue that zonal drifts are dominated by zonal wind and vertical shear in the zonal neutral wind is responsible for the formation/maintenance of Es layer and the eastward neutral wind is primarily responsible for the generation of the FAIs through the GDI.