bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern Orthodoxy and the Challenge of Feminism
Authors: Ross Tamar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1982, the Israeli thinker Yeshayahu Leibowitz published a short and little-known article in which he declared that the topic known as “[the status of] woman in Judaism” was more crucial to the future of Judaism than any of the unforeseen halakhic problems that had arisen as a result of the newly established sovereign Jewish state. As he saw it, “avoidance of serious response to this issue endangers the very continuation of Torah and mitzvah Judaism in our world.” I think that today, 18 years later, many people would concur, and now more than ever would regard the status of women in Jewish tradition as the greatest current challenge to Orthodoxy. The question I would like to explore in this article is: Why is this so?
Imagining “Masculinity” in the Jewish Fin de Siecle
Authors: Kieval Hillel J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relationship between historical experience and systems of knowledge is the axis on which serious cultural history turns. What cultural historians seek to uncover are the processes whereby discourse informs practice, value is ascribed to contingency, and identity is distilled from context. As the cultural history of the Jewish experience of “modernity” is written, it, too, will need to locate a plausible point of departure. One approach that has emerged in recent works on Jewish modernism in Europe seeks the connection between various constructions of modern Jewish identity and perceptions of gender and sexuality. Daniel Boyarin has written recently about “the rise of heterosexuality and the invention of the Jewish man.” Sander Gilman has related stereotypes of sexual deviance, pathology, and madness to constructions of Jewish (and black) “otherness” in European science and popular culture. And the late George Mosse argued that the dual projects of nationalism and bourgeois respectability generated ideals of health and social-sexual normality that effectively wrote both Jews and homosexuals out of the majority community.
As Families Remember: Holocaust Memoirs and Their Transmission
Authors: Baumgarten Elisheva 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the end of the Second World War, Holocaust survivors have written of their experiences. Some of their stories have appeared in yizker bikher as part of a joint attempt to capture life in their communities before the war and to bear witness to the destruction of the community by the Nazis. Other survivors have imparted their personal experiences in literary works, some biographical, others fictional. The past two decades have witnessed the rise of oral testimonies in which survivors have revealed details of both their personal past and that of their communities. In addition, memoirs written by survivors have proliferated. While some of these memoirs have been published, others remain in the family and are not intended for outsiders.
Founding and Foundering, 1851-1875
Authors: Dyer Davis , Gross Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spring of 1868, residents of a small town in upstate New York witnessed a momentous event in the life of their community. In early June, canal boats that had started their journey days before on the thriving wharves of Brooklyn, floated gently to a dock on the south bank of the Chemung River, in Corning. In a narrow valley, workers unloaded equipment never before seen in this area: glassmaking molds, clay pots, parts of furnaces, and blowing rods. Along with a vast number of locally made bricks, these components would prove the basis of the Corning Flint Glass Works, which would begin operation a few months later on this riverside site.
Surviving and Thriving in the Depression Decade, 1928-1939
Authors: Dyer Davis , Gross Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On Thursday, September 13, 1928, about 400 people gathered for a festive dinner at the Masonic Cathedral in Corning-the only building in the city big enough to accommodate the crowd. The occasion marked the sixtieth anniversary of the arrival of the Glass Works in the city, but it also honored 378 employees of the Corning Glass Works with at least 15 years of service. Attendees dined on “an excellent roast turkey,” plus pickles, celery, olives, fruit cocktail, dressing, mashed potatoes, glazed sweets, peas, combination salad, rolls, ice cream, cakes and coffee, with cigars and cigarettes available too. The master of ceremonies, 29-year-old Amory Houghton, drew a laugh by apologizing for his presence at the gathering. With less than ten years of service, he failed to qualify for an invitation. On the other hand, he pointed out, if ten-year employees had been invited, the gathering would have swelled to nearly twice its size and nearly 40 percent of the company’s total workforce.
Corning Goes to War, 1939-1945
Authors: Dyer Davis , Gross Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The 1939 World’s Fair, which opened in New York City on April 30, 1939, seemed to herald the promise of a new era rich with technology and opportunity. Booths and exhibits set up by sixty countries, the League of Nations, and dozens of companies projected an almost uniformly optimistic worldview that bordered on the utopian. RCA gave the mesmerizing new medium called television its first large-scale public demonstration, and the Carrier Corporation presented the unimaginable luxury of air conditioning. Other products debuting at the fair included the diesel engine, color film, and Lucite. Corning Glass Works’ imprint seemed to be everywhere on the sprawling fair grounds, in Flushing Meadows, Queens. Television, of course, had a glass heart-the cathode ray tube. An exhibit in the glass industries building showed how an electrical insulator made of Fiberglas™ a material pioneered by Corning affiliate Owens-Corning-permitted small motors to deliver the same horsepower as motors twice their size. To memorialize the technology shown at the fair, Westinghouse buried a Pyrex-lined time capsule. Among its contents were a Mazda electric lamp and a Westinghouse Sterilamp, both fitted with Corning bulbs.
A Decade of Unbounded Opportunities, 1945-1954
Authors: Dyer Davis , Gross Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The end of fighting in Europe and Japan brought a relatively quick return to normalcy to Corning and the other towns that housed Corning Glass Works operations. Soldiers returned from abroad to resume educations, careers, and personal lives that had been suspended during the war as industry shifted gears to meet new demands. For the Corning Glass Works, and for many American companies, the conversion from wartime to peacetime was painful at first. But powered by technological advances and by a robust American economic engine that dwarfed the war-shattered economies of Europe and Asia, American businesses enjoyed rapid growth and low inflation for much of the postwar era. To be sure, the period between 1945 and 1954 brought war: a hot war on the Korean Peninsula and a Cold War throughout Europe and the developing world. And at home, a frequently reckless search for Communists and the budding civil rights movement in the southern states punctured the calm of postwar life.
Encountering Limits and Diversifying, 1960-1966
Authors: Dyer Davis , Gross Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For large American manufacturing companies like the Corning Glass Works, the early 1960s were, in many ways, the best of times. They entered the decade possessed of a strong, pervasive optimism-in technology, in their strong market position, and in the stability and economic and political might of the United States. And during the 1960s, Corning would expand from its strong domestic base into new foreign markets, becoming a true multinational. At home, it would use the profits generated by television bulbs and consumer products to rush headlong into new businesses such as semiconductors and electronics. And the company made efforts to bring a greater range of executive disciplines to bear on the problems posed by its rapid growth. The first half of the 1960s was marked by transition and expansion, fueled in large part by the success of Corning Ware.
Retain and Motivate Key Players
Authors: Carey Dennis C , Ogden Dayton , Roland Judith A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are a number of distinct and complex challenges associated with mergers and acquisitions, some of which we have already examined, including taking stock of human capital and deciding on the leadership and the overall vision and specific strategy of the new enterprise. One of the most difficult challenges is holding on to talent during the limbo period: the time between the announcement of a merger and the date when the two companies operate as one. This can be a protracted period, particularly in a regulated industry, and smart companies will do everything in their power to lock in valuable talent and ward off competitors and recruiters who can lure talent away during this vulnerable time. Managers may see the chance to move from an unsettled environment to a stable one as very appealing.
Beef Up the Board
Authors: Carey Dennis C , Ogden Dayton , Roland Judith A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Politically correct terminology and newspaper headlines aside, mergers are virtually never “mergers of equals.” Whether companies and boards are joining forces in a merger or an acquisition, in actuality one organization is always over-taking the other. With governance increasingly in the spotlight, more companies, whether involved in a merger or not, will be paying greater attention to getting their boards in line with key recommendations from the stock exchanges, as well as share-holder and government groups.
Overture: The Garden of Mendel
Authors: Maas Werner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mendel carried out his experiments with peas in the garden of the Augustinian Monastery in Brno in the Czech Republic. At the time of his experiments the city was called Brunn and was part of the Habsburg Empire. Brno is the capital of the province of Moravia and is the second-largest city in the Czech Republic. It is 2 hours from Vienna by train.
Biochemical Genetics in Escherichia coli
Authors: Maas Werner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1948, Lederberg and Zinder discovered an efficient method for enriching mutants that are blocked in biosynthetic pathways and therefore require essential metabolites for growth as is the case in Neurospora. This method takes advantage of the property of penicillin to kill bacteria only when they are growing. Thus, when a mixture of normal and mutant bacteria are inoculated into a medium where only the normal bacteria can grow, addition of penicillin will kill the normal bacteria and the mutant bacteria survive. This ingenious and powerful method was discovered at the same time independently by Bernard Davis, a newcomer who became interested in biochemical genetics after previously carrying out research on tuberculosis. As we see in this chapter, it was mainly in Davis’ laboratory that the fruits of the penicillin method were used to continue with E. coli the tradition of biochemical genetics, started in Neurospora (Fig. 6–1). This led to the elucidation of the role of genes in enzyme formation.
Holding Health Care Accountable
Authors: Morreim E Haavi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Health care in the US and elsewhere has been rocked by economic upheaval. Cost-cuts, care-cuts, and confusion abound. Traditional tort and contract law have not kept pace. Physicians are still expected to deliver the same standard of care -- including costly resources - to everyone, regardless whether it is paid for. Health plans can now face litigation for virtually any unfortunate outcome, even those stemming from society's mandate to keep costs down while improving population health. This book cuts through the chaos and offers a clear, persuasive resolution. Part I explains why new economic realities have rendered prevailing malpractice and contract law largely anachronistic. Part II argues that pointing the legal finger of blame blindly or hastily can hinder good medical care. Instead of "whom do we want to hold liable," we should focus first on "who should be doing what, for the best delivery of health care." When things go wrong, each should be liable only for those aspects of care they could and should have controlled. Once a good division of labor is identified, what kind of liability should be imposed depends on what kind of mistake was made. Failures to exercise adequate expertise (knowledge, skill, care effort) should be addressed as torts, while failures to provide promised resources should be resolved under contract. Part III shows that this approach, though novel, fits remarkably well with basic common law doctrines, and can even enlighten ERISA issues. With extensive documentation from current case law, commentary, and empirical literature, the book will also serve as a comprehensive reference for attorneys, law professors, physicians, administrators, bioethicists, and students.
Judicial Acceptability
Authors: Morreim E Haavi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Part III begins by recapping a few important points. The economics of medicine have fundamentally, irrevocably changed. Gone are the days in which physicians and patients could enjoy an essentially dyadic relationship, free to choose whatever treatments they wanted. Before World War II that dyadic relationship was possible because physicians had so little to offer that medical care was affordable; later it was sustainable because of generous, relatively unquestioning third-party payment. That “artesian well” lasted only a few decades, until exploding health care costs in the 1970s and 1980s finally gave way to serious cost constraints in the 1990s.’
Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Principles and Practice
Authors: Martin AndréS , Scahill Lawrence , Charney Dennis S , Leckman James F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Paediatric Psychopharmacology: Principles in Practice is an authoritative and comprehensive text on the use of medication in the treatment of children and adolescents with serious neuropsychiatric disorders. This benchmark volume consists of 56 chapters written by internationally recognized leaders, and is divided into four interrelated sections. The first, Biological Bases of Pediatric Psychopharmacology, reviews key principles of neurobiology and the major psychiatric illnesses of childhood from a perspective rooted in developmental psychopathology. The second, Somatic Interventions, presents the major classes of psychiatric drugs, as well as complementary and alternative somatic interventions, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and naturopathic approaches. The third and longest section, Assessment and Treatment, starts with clinical assessment, diagnostic evaluation, and comprehensive treatment planning, and goes on to cover the evidence-based analysis of drug treatments for the major disorders. Special populations (such as children with comorbid mental retardation, substance abuse or medical illness) are specifically discussed, and the coordination of their treatment with non-somatic therapies is explicitly addressed. The final section, Epidemiologic, Research and Methodological Considerations, deals with broad population-relevant topics such as regulation and policy, pharmacoepidemiology, and the critical importance of sound ethical principles for clinical investigation. The book concludes with an appendix on generic and commercial drug name equivalences, preparations and available dosages. This timely text is intended for child and adolescent psychiatrists, general and developmental paediatricians, family practitioners, general psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals who work with children and adolescents.
Neurobiology of childhood schizophrenia and related disorders
Authors: Nicolson Rob , Rapoport Judith L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schizophrenia has been described as one of the worst diseases affecting humankind. It is found in about 1 in 100 people worldwide, generally becoming manifest in late adolescence or early adulthood. Because it begins so early and usually interferes with education, employment, and interpersonal functioning, schizophrenia burdens not only those who suffer from it but also their families and society. Most affected individuals have substantial lifelong impairment, and more than one half require continuous support, whether living in the community or in institutions. The chronic suffering of people with schizophrenia is highlighted by the fact that 10%–15% ultimately commit suicide and that many are homeless.
Neurobiology of aggression
Authors: et.al. Marcus J P Kruesi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fundamentally, all behaviors rely on a neurobiologic substrate for expression. In this chapter, we will focus on information about the neurobiology of aggression. Here, aggression is defined as physical violence that is an associated feature or symptom of a psychiatric disorder. This definition is intended to include aggression often described as impulsive or affective, in contrast to that described as predatory. A clinical belief exists that medication is more likely to impact affective aggression (Vitiello et al., 1990). In this chapter, we will review the neurobiology of both impulsive and predatory types of aggression. We will also touch on pharmacologic treatment used attempting to alter pathophysiologic relationships. Human psychopharmacology treatment studies are covered in greater detail in Chapter 50 in this volume.
International perspectives
Authors: Thomsen Per Hove , Kurita Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses aspects of pediatric psychopharmacology outside of the United States, through the representative examples of the European Union and Japan. In part, the chapter discusses how various classification systems employed for diagnosis are alike and dissimilar. In that connection, areas in which psychopharmacological treatment are indicated are discussed. In addition, the chapter surveys the development of a worldwide order on the use of psychopharmacological treatment for children and adolescents.
Radical Federalism
Authors: Nagel Robert F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Supreme Court, of course, is not the only source of our constitutional understandings. That it is likely to provide us with only a domesticated version of federalism would matter less if other components of our political culture were steeped in a more robust tradition. And, because of our rich history and strong political institutions at the local level, there are elements of such a tradition still available. But many of the most potent intellectual influences in our culture are increasingly committed to strong nationalism rather than a robust federalism.
One of those influences is the legal academy, which not only trains the lawyers and judges who argue and decide constitutional disputes but also has significant impact on education more generally. Law professors help to shape the writings of journalists, the debates that go on in legislatures and executive offices, and the ideas taught to students at all educational levels. As I have already indicated at the beginning of this book, many important legal scholars view the Supreme Court’s recent record on federalism with excitement, whether fearful or hopeful.
Judicial Supremacy and Stable Meaning
Authors: Nagel Robert F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If it is true that the strong nationalism presently prevailing in our political culture is partly a function of a yearning for the security of comprehensive legal prescription, then the modern rejection of robust federalism is being driven by some of the same underlying impulses as our contemporary fixation on constitutional law and judicial review. The promise of comprehensive, uniform, authoritative prescription is attractive partly (as I said in the last chapter) because it is consistent with the optimistic American insistence that outcomes will be positive. Now I will suggest that it is attractive also because it is consistent with a desire for stability in legal norms. According to the founding myth behind robust federalism, the moral authority of nationhood arose from the people organized in state governments that preexisted the Union and still exist. Accordingly, there are operating institutions entitled to speak on—and, to this extent, unsettle—constitutional meaning.
Communities on Defense
Authors: Nagel Robert F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If it is true, as the decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey indicates, that the demand for unquestionable centralized authority is fueled by an underlying anxiety about irresolvable moral divisions and the possibility of violent breakdown, it is predictable that the institutions of centralized authority would resist comprehending their own capacity for destabilization and disruption. And, in fact, the Supreme Court does imagine that it provides stable interpretations of our foundational law and that it settles, rather than ignites, great moral struggles. Among the many consequences of this defective selfperception is an inability to understand or tolerate the various segments that make up American society. Not only does the jurisprudence of fear distort some justices’ perception of dissent, but at times they are unable even to hear the moral component of argumentation that is taking place around them. Conflicts, therefore, seem inexplicable, gratuitous, and dangerous.
Justice and the Social Reality of Health: The Case of Australia
Authors: Sheehan Mark , Sheehan Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nothing is more fundamental than the span of life and the health that permits life to be lived to the full. In many of the world’s poorer countries, life is short and lived in wretched conditions, plagued by avoidable disease. This is undoubtedly the greatest injustice of our time. Yet even in the most developed nations, health out­comes and the life chances to which they give rise are unequally distributed by social class and income level. The great injustice of the unequal distribution of health outcomes is not just a phenomenon of the poorer countries; it reaches right into the heart of the developed world. By contrast to this harsh reality, one central foundation of a just society is widely held to be an equal distribution of health outcomes across social classes and income groups. If both the span of life and the health quality of life are unequally distributed, then many other inequities must inevitably follow. This requirement can be expressed in terms of Amartya Sen’s “capabilities approach”: Justice requires equal access to basic capabilities to be and to do, and this in turn requires equal access to health outcomes. But a similar requirement in respect of health is shared by, and can be expressed in terms of, other theories of justice.