bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐point clock test: a correlation analysis with other neuropsychological tests in dementia
Authors: Moretti Rita , Torre Paola , Antonello Rodolfo M. , Cazzato Giuseppe , Bava Antonio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychology can be useful for differentiating patients with fronto‐temporal dementia (FTD) from those with Alzheimer disease (AD) and those with Vascular Dementia (VaD).ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was twofold: to explore possible employment of the Ten‐Point Clock Test in early identification of different types of cognitive distribution and to relate to its execution to other specific impairment, bound to the selected pathology.MethodWe compared 30 patients with FLD, to a group of 30 probable‐AD patients accordingly to the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria, and to a group of 30 probable VaD patients, according to the NINDS‐AIREN criteria.ResultsAD group showed the worst results in Clock Drawing Test. On the contrary, FLD group did produce the worst performances in Proverb Interpretation Tasks. VaD worst performance was that of phonological fluency. Our data seem to demonstrate that in mild dementia, stated by the MMSE score (around 22) and confirmed by the data derived from the other neuropsychological evaluation, the Clock Drawing Test is quite sensitive to detect cognitive impairment, even if of different origins.ConclusionsTen‐Point Clock Test is a strong tool, in order to identify early forms of Alzheimer, and to help differential diagnosis when frontal or vascular dementia have been taken into account. More data will be necessary to give to this speculative interpretation, a neuroimaging and neuroanatomical support. However, this report may encourage the wider use of this parametric test, easily applicable and well accepted by the population in order to implement data concerning cognitive disruption. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive factors of acute hospitalization in 134 patients with Alzheimer's disease: a one year prospective study
Authors: Andrieu Sandrine , Reynish Emma , Nourhashemi Fati , Shakespeare Annabelle , Moulias Sophie , Ousset Pierre Jean , Sagnier Pierre , Richard Alain , Albarede Jean‐Louis , Vellas Bruno 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of and determine predictive factors for acute hospitalization in a prospective study of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).DesignA one year prospective study.Participants134 patients recruited from the memory clinic in Toulouse University Hospital, with AD diagnosed using the NINCDS‐ADRDA criteria.MeasuresA comprehensive geriatric and neuropsychological assessment was conducted 6 monthly.ResultsAmong the 134 patients included in this study, at one year follow up, 32 patients had at least one acute hospitalization. Patient‐related variables predictive of acute hospitalization in the univariate analysis were: level of education, ADL‐bathing, ADL‐toileting, ADL‐feeding, total ADL score, IADL A scale (daily upkeep), history of falls, and level of behavioural disorder as measured by the Cohen scale. In the multivariate regression model, two variables were associated with acute hospitalization: dependency for ADL‐bathing [Odds Ratio (OR) = 5.65, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 2.3–14.4] and low level of education.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that acute hospitalization is frequent in AD patients resulting in considerable cost implications. Interventions that support patients and their cares to manage their loss of ADL may be a practical approach to reducing the need for acute hospital admissions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sodium valproate in the treatment of aggressive behavior in patients with dementia—a randomized placebo controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sival Rob C. , Judith Haffmans P. M. , Jansen Paul A. F. , Duursma Sijmen A. , Eikelenboom Piet 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe efficacy and tolerability of sodium valproate 2×240 mg compared to placebo were investigated in aggressive behavior in dementia.DesignA randomized, placebo controlled, double‐blind cross‐over design. The trial included a baseline period (one week); a placebo period (three weeks); a wash‐out period with placebo (one week); and a treatment period with sodium valproate (three weeks).SettingA psychogeriatric short‐stay ward at a psychiatric teaching hospital.ParticipantsDemented patients who met Patel's criteria for aggressive behavior and had a score of ≥3 on at least one of the items of the Social Dysfunction and Aggression scale‐9 (SDAS‐9).InterventionA fixed dose of sodium valproate 2×6 ml of a 40 mg/ml suspension (daily defined dose of 480 mg) was compared to placebo.MeasurementsPrimary outcome variables were changes of the score of SDAS‐9 and Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI) performed at the last week of each treatment period.ResultsData of 42 patients (F=25 and M=17; age 80.4±6.8 years) were analyzed. Treatment with sodium valproate showed no differences compared to placebo on aggressive behavior. The mean plasma level of sodium valproate was 40.9±10.8 μg/ml. Regression analysis showed a trend for improvement between the plasma levels of sodium valproate and the SDAS‐9 and the CGI scores. Adverse events were not related to the plasma levels of sodium valproate. Secondary outcome measurements showed significant improvement on restless, melancholic and anxious behavior; a trend for improvement was found on suspicious and dependent behavior.Possible limitations of this study are the low dose of sodium valproate, the relatively short treatment period (three weeks), and the absence of statistical corrections for multiple comparisons.ConclusionThis study showed no effect of sodium valproate 2×240 mg over placebo on aggressive behavior in dementia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mismatch responses to randomized gradient switching noise as reflected by fMRI and whole‐head magnetoencephalography
Authors: Mathiak Klaus , Rapp Alexander , Kircher Tilo T.J. , Grodd Wolfgang , Hertrich Ingo , Weiskopf Nikolaus , Lutzenberger Werner , Ackermann Hermann 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe central auditory system of the human brain uses a variety of mechanisms to analyze auditory scenes, among others, preattentive detection of sudden changes in the sound environment. Electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) provide a measure to monitor neuronal cortical currents. The mismatch negativity (MMN) or field (MMNm) reflect preattentive activation in response to deviants within a sequence of homogenous auditory stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for a higher spatial resolution as compared to the extracranial electrophysiological techniques. The image encoding gradients of echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences, however, elicit an interfering background noise. To circumvent this shortcoming, the present study applied multi‐echo EPI mimicking an auditory oddball design. The gradient trains (SOA = 800 msec, 94.5 dB SPL, stimulus duration = 152 msec) comprised amplitude (−9 dB) and duration (76 msec) deviants in a randomized sequence. Moreover, the scanner noise was recorded and applied in a whole‐head MEG device to validate the properties of this specific material. Robust fMRI activation patterns emerged in response to the deviant gradient switching. Changes in amplitude activated the entire auditory cortex, whereas the duration deviants elicited right‐lateralized signal increase in secondary areas. The recorded scanner noise evoked reliably right‐lateralized mismatch MEG responses. Source localization was in accordance with activation of secondary auditory cortex. The presented paradigm provides a robust and feasible tool to study the functional anatomy of early cognitive auditory processing in clinical populations such as schizophrenia. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:190–195, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphorus‐containing dendrimers: From material science to biology
Authors: Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Caminade Anne‐Marie , Laurent Régis , Sutra Pierre 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVarious methods of synthesis of phosphorus‐containing dendrimers are described. The reactivity of several of these macromolecules is then studied at several levels, mainly on the surface, and also at the level of the branches and of the core. Functionalizations confer to these macromolecules interesting properties, and allow the development of new applications, which are emphasized in this review. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:474–485, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10075
Asymmetric synthesis of alkaloids using polyfunctionalized chiral building blocks
Authors: Davis Franklin A. , Chao Bin , Andemichael Yemane W. , Mohanty Pradyumna K. , Fang Tianan , Burns David M. , Rao Ashwin , Szewczyk Joanna M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEnantiopure N‐sulfinyl‐δ‐amino‐β‐ketoesters and isoquinolones, prepared from sulfinimines (N‐sulfinyl imines) are a new class of polyfunctionalized chiral building blocks. These building blocks provide easy access to enantiomerically pure, functionalized piperidines and tetrahydroisoquinolines with a minimum of chemical manipulation and protecting‐group chemistry. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:486–492, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10090
Social risk management options for medical care in Indonesia
Authors: Pradhan Menno , Prescott Nicholas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which price subsidies for medical care are a suitable instrument to reduce household's exposure to catastrophic financial risks associated with ill‐health in Indonesia. Using the 1995 SUSENAS household survey, the observed distribution of user fees and health expenditures is used to derive a distribution of ‘needed’ medical expenditures. The trade‐off between the tax burden and effectiveness in reducing the exposure to catastrophic risk is analyzed for two existing price regimes along with a number of hypothetical regimes.We find that the existing regimes significantly reduce the exposure to catastrophic shocks but do not eliminate them. Simulations suggest that further reductions could be achieved if a larger proportion of government subsidies were directed to inpatient care. Subsidizing outpatient treatment is a cost effective policy to reduce exposure to catastrophic risks only for the very poor. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supraomohyoid neck dissection in the management of cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip
Authors: Gooris Peter J. J. , Vermey Albert , de Visscher Jan G. A. M. , Burlage Fred R. , Roodenburg Jan L. N. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundSupraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND) is generally considered an adequate staging procedure in selected patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip and oral cavity, with clinically negative nodes in the neck that are at increased risk for occult metastatic disease. The potential role of SOHND as a therapeutic surgical procedure for cervical metastasis limited to level I is controversial.MethodsA series of 44 patients with clinical cervical lymph node metastases at level I from SCC of the lower lip is reported to evaluate the results of a treatment protocol consisting of therapeutic SOHND on indication followed by radiotherapy.ResultsRegional recurrences were observed in four (9%) patients. All recurrences developed within the SOHND dissected area only.ConclusionsA therapeutic SOHND, on indication followed by radiotherapy, can be an oncologically sound and effective procedure in the management of regional lymph node metastases at level I from SCC of the lower lip. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 678–683, 2002
Pendred's syndrome with goiter and enlarged vestibular aqueducts diagnosed by PDS gene mutation
Authors: Ishinaga Hajime , Shimizu Takeshi , Yuta Atsushi , Tsukamoto Koji , Usami Shin‐ichi , Majima Yuichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundPendred's syndrome (PS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by goiter and congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Recent advances in molecular biology revealed the gene responsible for PS (PDS) and provided an important aid for the diagnosis of this condition.MethodsA case of PS with huge goiter and congenital hearing impairment was diagnosed by mutational analysis of the PDS gene.ResultsPhysical examination and computer tomography CT revealed a diffuse swelling of the thyroid gland. Thyroid function tests were normal, and the perchlorate discharge test was negative. Audiologic examination confirmed sensorineural hearing loss, and temporal bone CT revealed bilateral enlarged vestibular aqueducts. The mutational analysis revealed that the patient was homozygous for His 723 Arg (2168A→G) in exon 19, a missense mutation.ConclusionsThe results of thyroid function tests in PS patients are usually normal, and the positive perchlorate discharge test has been used for the diagnosis. However, this is a nonspecific test and is not sensitive enough for PS. In our case, despite a negative perchlorate test, the patient was diagnosed by mutational analysis and received total thyroidectomy to relieve respiratory distress caused by thyroid enlargement. This is the first report of a mutation detected in the thyroid tissue and clearly shows that the mutation caused histopathologic change in that gland. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swallow function and perception of dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Pauloski Barbara Roa , Rademaker Alfred W. , Logemann Jerilyn A. , Lazarus Cathy L. , Newman Lisa , Hamner Annette , MacCracken Ellen , Gaziano Joy , Stachowiak Linda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between subjective complaints of dysphagia and objective measures of swallow function in patients with cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx, treated with radiotherapy ± chemotherapy has not been well documented in the literature.MethodsSwallowing function in 132 patients with various lesions was evaluated using videofluoroscopy and analyzed by patient complaint of dysphagia grouping.ResultsPatients with complaints of dysphagia demonstrated significantly worse swallow function as indicated by lower oropharyngeal swallow efficiency (OPSE), longer transit times, larger residues, and more swallows with aspiration. Patients with complaints of dysphagia also tended to take less of their nutrition by mouth and less variety of food consistencies in their diet compared with those without complaint.ConclusionsPatients were able to perceive decrements in their swallowing function as dysphagia and may have limited their oral intake in response to that perception. The ability to accurately perceive swallowing function may be useful for self‐monitoring changes in dysphagia status during a course of swallow therapy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 555–565, 2002
Prognostic factors of clinically stage I and II oral tongue carcinoma—A comparative study of stage, thickness, shape, growth pattern, invasive front malignancy grading, martinez‐gimeno score, and pathologic features
Authors: Po Wing Yuen Anthony , Lam King Yin , Lam Lai Kun , Ho Chiu Ming , Wong Anna , Chow Tam Lin , Yuen Wah Fun , Wei William Ignace 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeThis study aims at evaluation of the different prognostic models, including stage, tumor thickness, shape, malignancy grading of tumor invasive front, Martinez‐Gimeno score, and pathologic features in the prediction of subclinical nodal metastasis, local recurrence, and survival of early T1 and T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The results will have important implication for the management of patients.Patients and MethodsSeventy‐two clinically T1 and T2 glossectomy specimens of oral tongue carcinoma were serially sectioned in 3‐mm thickness for the evaluation of various pathologic features. The prognostic value in the prediction of subclinical nodal metastasis, local recurrence, and survival of different models were compared.ResultsAmong all the tumor parameters and predictive models being evaluated, tumor thickness was the only significant factor that had significant predictive value for subclinical nodal metastasis, local recurrence, and survival. With the use of 3‐mm and 9‐mm division, tumor of up to 3‐mm thickness has 8% subclinical nodal metastasis, 0% local recurrence, and 100% 5‐year actuarial disease‐free survival; tumor thickness of more than 3 mm and up to 9 mm had 44% subclinical nodal metastasis, 7% local recurrence, and 76% 5‐year actuarial disease‐free survival; tumor of more than 9 mm had 53% subclinical nodal metastasis, 24% local recurrence, and 66% 5‐year actuarial disease‐free survival.ConclusionsTumor thickness should be considered in the management planning of patients with early oral tongue carcinoma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 513–520, 2002
Interval pathologic assessments in patients treated with concurrent hyperfractionated radiation and intraarterial cisplatin (HYPERRADPLAT)
Authors: Valentino Joseph , Spring Paul M. , Shane Matthew , Arnold Susanne M. , Regine William F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo minimize surgical morbidity, surgery should be performed within 2 to 3 months of completion of radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy. Pathologic demonstration of cancer at this interval is commonly used to justify early surgical salvage of residual primary head and neck cancer. These assumptions regarding head and neck cancer in patients treated with concurrent hyperfractionated radiation therapy and intraarterial supradose cisplatin (HYPERRADPLAT) have never been evaluated.MethodsPost‐HYPERRADPLAT clinical and pathologic findings in 42 patients with stage III and IV head and neck cancer were compared with their disease outcomes. All patients underwent an interval analysis of response at 6 to 10 weeks after completion of therapy, 28 of these patients had biopsies of the primary tumor site performed.ResultsClinical findings of cancer with pathologic confirmation up to 4 months after therapy can be associated with eventual complete response (CR). Pathologic CR's from deep incisional biopsies can be associated with recurrent disease within 2 months. Six HYPERRADPLAT‐treated patients underwent interval surgical resection of primary disease, and only the four patients with cancer identified in the resection specimen died of recurrent disease.ConclusionIn patients treated with HYPERRADPLAT, interval clinical and pathologic assessments may be misleading. Only observation of progressive disease is an accurate predictor of local failure. New evaluation techniques such as metabolic imaging and molecular analysis warrant exploration as tools for interval cancer evaluations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 539–544, 2002
An ex vivo study exploring the diagnostic potential of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region
Authors: El‐Sayed Samy , Bezabeh Tedros , Odlum Olva , Patel Rakesh , Ahing Stephen , MacDonald Kelly , Somorjai Ray L. , Smith Ian C. P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundDefinitive diagnosis of head and neck cancer is generally made by histopathologic evaluation. Management and prognosis largely depend on accurate and timely diagnosis. We have explored the use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in search of a better or complementary diagnostic technique.MethodsTumor and adjacent normal tissue specimens (n = 135) from untreated head and neck cancer patients (n = 40) were obtained and subjected to spectroscopic evaluation followed by histopathologic analysis. Data were partitioned into training and test sets and subjected to multivariate analysis.ResultsThe resonances from taurine, choline, glutamic acid, lactic acid, and lipid were found to have diagnostic potential by our optimal region selection algorithm. Multivariate analysis of the spectral data differentiated between normal and malignant tissues, with an overall accuracy of 92.6% (training set, 97.3%; test set, 87.3%), an overall sensitivity of 93% (test set, 90%), and an overall specificity of 92% (test set, 82.6%).Conclusions1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with multivariate methods of analysis can distinguish between normal and malignant squamous cell tissue, and this may lead to the development of an objective and noninvasive diagnostic procedure. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 766–772, 2002
Risk factors for late cervical lymph node metastases in patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Kurokawa Hideo , Yamashita Yoshihiro , Takeda Shinobu , Zhang Min , Fukuyama Hiroshi , Takahashi Tetsu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundMany histopathologic parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph metastasis. However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node metastases and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node metastases in patients with carcinoma of the tongue.MethodsThe clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive patients seen between January 1985–December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were reviewed. All patients were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23–90 y) and the male–female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 men and 23 women); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical lymph node metastasis.ResultsThe overall cervical lymph node metastasis rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical lymph node metastasis were tumor size (≥30 mm), tumor depth (≥4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of malignancy. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue with tumor depth ≥4 mm had predictive value for late cervical lymph node metastasis and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0;p= .02; hazards ratio, 7.0;p= .039).ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate tumor depth ≥4 mm moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue have a substantially higher rate of late cervical metastases. In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 731–736, 2002