bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of the ketogenic diet in CKD – the con part
Authors: Joshi Shivam , Shi Rachel , Patel Jason 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
The ketogenic diet is a very low carbohydrate diet that has received a lot of attention for its role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. For patients with chronic kidney disease, there is limited evidence on the risks and/or benefits of this diet. However, from the limited evidence that does exist, there are several inferences that can be drawn regarding this diet for patients with kidney disease. The ketogenic diet may not be better than comparator higher carbohydrate diets over the long term. The diet also has low adherence levels in studies lasting ≥12 months. The diet's emphasis on fat, which often comes from animal fat, increases the consumption of saturated fat, which may increase the risk of heart disease. It has the potential to worsen metabolic acidosis by increasing dietary acid load and endogenous acid production through the oxidation of fatty acids. In addition, the diet has been associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in patients using it for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. For these reasons, and for the lack of safety data on it, it is reasonable for patients with kidney disease to avoid utilizing the ketogenic diet as a first-line option given alternative dietary patterns (like the plant-dominant diet) with less theoretical risk for harm. For those adopting the ketogenic diet in kidney disease, a plant-based version of the ketogenic diet may mitigate some of the concerns with animal-based versions of the ketogenic diet.
Mirikizumab Improves Quality of Life in Patients With Moderately-to-Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis: Results From the Phase 3 LUCENT-1 Induction and LUCENT-2 Maintenance Studies
Authors: Sands Bruce E , Feagan Brian G , Hunter Gibble Theresa , Traxler Kristina A , Morris Nathan , Eastman William J , Schreiber Stefan , Jairath Vipul , Long Millie D , Armuzzi Alessandro 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Mirikizumab, an anti-IL-23p19 antibody, demonstrated efficacy in phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled LUCENT-1 (induction/NCT03518086) and LUCENT-2 (maintenance/NCT03524092) ulcerative colitis (UC) studies. We evaluated the effect of mirikizumab on quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in these studies.

Methods
In LUCENT-1, 1162 patients with moderately-to-severely active UC were randomized 3:1 to receive mirikizumab 300 mg intravenous or placebo every 4 weeks (Q4W) for 12 weeks. In LUCENT-2, mirikizumab induction responders (N = 544) were re-randomized 2:1 to receive mirikizumab 200 mg subcutaneous or placebo Q4W through week (W) 40 (W52 of treatment). QoL was assessed at W12 and W52 using patient-reported outcomes. Treatments were statistically compared using analysis of covariance model (continuous outcomes) and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (binary outcomes).

Results
At W12 and W52, mirikizumab showed significant improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total and domain scores (P &lt; .001); 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), and domain scores (P &lt; .05); EQ-5D-5L scores (P &lt; .001); Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire (UC) scores (P &lt; .05); Patient Global Rating of Severity (P &lt; .001); and Patient Global Rating of Change (P &lt; .01) scores. A significantly higher proportion of mirikizumab-treated patients achieved IBDQ response (W12: 72.7% vs 55.8%; W52: 79.2% vs 49.2%; P &lt; .001), IBDQ remission (W12: 57.5% vs 39.8%; W52: 72.3% vs 43.0%; P &lt; .001), and clinically important improvements in PCS (W12: 50.6% vs 41.5%; W52: 61.9% vs 36.9%; P &lt; .01) and MCS (W12: 44.2% vs 37.8%; W52: 51.2% vs 34.6%; P &lt; .05) scores.

Conclusions
Mirikizumab improved QoL in patients with moderately-to-severely active UC in phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 studies.

Clinical trials registration number
LUCENT-1: NCT03518086; LUCENT-2: NCT03524092
Maize Feature Store: A centralized resource to manage and analyze curated maize multi-omics features for machine learning applications
Authors: Sen Shatabdi , Woodhouse Margaret R , Portwood John L , Andorf Carson M 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe big-data analysis of complex data associated with maize genomes accelerates genetic research and improves agronomic traits. As a result, efforts have increased to integrate diverse datasets and extract meaning from these measurements. Machine learning models are a powerful tool for gaining knowledge from large and complex datasets. However, these models must be trained on high-quality features to succeed. Currently, there are no solutions to host maize multi-omics datasets with end-to-end solutions for evaluating and linking features to target gene annotations. Our work presents the Maize Feature Store (MFS), a versatile application that combines features built on complex data to facilitate exploration, modeling and analysis. Feature stores allow researchers to rapidly deploy machine learning applications by managing and providing access to frequently used features. We populated the MFS for the maize reference genome with over 14 000 gene-based features based on published genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, variomic and proteomics datasets. Using the MFS, we created an accurate pan-genome classification model with an AUC-ROC score of 0.87. The MFS is publicly available through the maize genetics and genomics database.Database URL https://mfs.maizegdb.org/
Reversible ischaemia and outcome after adjustment for coronary artery disease severity: a multicentre stress-echocardiography registry
Authors: Gaibazzi Nicola , Cortigiani Lauro , Rigo Fausto , Porter Thomas R , Guerra Emiliano , Ciampi Quirino 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
To assess the potential association of reversible ischaemia and Doppler coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery (CFVR-LAD) during stress echocardiography (SE) with all-cause mortality and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), after correction for anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) burden and other significant clinical variables.

Methods and results
We selected 3191 patients (mean age 66 ± 12 years) from our multicentre SE registry, who underwent both high-dose dipyridamole SE (comprehensive of CFVR-LAD measurement) and coronary angiography within 2 months. All-cause mortality and non-fatal MI were the primary end points. The association of the primary end point with ischaemia severity and CFVR-LAD was assessed, after multivariable adjustment for all other significant clinical and imaging variables, including anatomic CAD severity by the modified Duke Prognostic Index. The primary end point occurred in 767 (24%) patients (death in 409 and non-fatal MI in 375 patients) during a median follow-up of 42 months. Multivariable Cox regression analyses indicated that, among other significant variables, anatomic CAD severity, reversible ischaemia, and CFVR-LAD were all independently associated with the primary end point; reversible ischaemia was also associated with subsequent MI, while CFVR-LAD with mortality, independent of anatomic CAD severity.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that reversible ischaemia by wall motion assessment and CFVR-LAD on dipyridamole SE are independently associated with dismal outcome in patients with suspected or known stable CAD, even after accounting for angiographic anatomic CAD severity and also independently from which coronary artery is diseased.
Valve-in-valve as a rescue treatment in retrograde migration of the transcatheter aortic valve to the left ventricle: a case report
Authors: Garcia-Garcia Juan F , Gayosso-Ortiz Jose R , Muratalla-Gonzalez Roberto , Fuentes-Moreno Juan C , Aquino-Bruno Heberto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The treatment of choice for patients with severe symptomatic pure native aortic valve regurgitation (PNAVR) is surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, not all patients are candidates for surgery because of comorbidities or are deemed high risk for surgery. In such cases, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has proved to be better than medical treatment.

Case summary
A 78-year-old male with a history of ankylosing spondylitis was admitted with New York Heart Association III heart failure. The echocardiogram showed severe aortic regurgitation and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 52%. Because of high surgical risk and being refractory to medical RX, he was accepted for TAVR. The tomography of anatomical characteristics reported the absence of calcium and dilation of the aortic ring and aortic root. During the TAVR procedure, the patient experienced valve migration, but it was autonomously repositioned in the aortic annulus. As a rescue measure, a second valve was placed. Here, we present a case of valve migration to the left ventricle treated with a valve-in-valve procedure without the need for surgical treatment.

Discussion
The absence of annulus calcification in PNAVR increases the risk of post-TAVR paravalvular leak and device embolization. Valve migration generally requires valve recovery and conversion to SAVR.
Blood pressure, hypertension, and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Baffour Priscilla Kyei , Jahangiry Leila , Jain Shalu , Sen Abhijit , Aune Dagfinn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Several observational studies have investigated the association between hypertension or elevated systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and risk of heart failure, but not all the studies have been consistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the available data from cohort studies on the association between hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the risk of heart failure.

Methods and results
PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles from inception to 10 June 2022. Cohort studies on hypertension or blood pressure and heart failure were included. Random effect models were used to calculate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between hypertension or blood pressure and heart failure. Forty-seven cohort studies were included. The summary RR was 1.71 (95% CI: 1.53–1.90, I2 = 98.4%) for hypertension vs. no hypertension (n = 43 studies, 166 798 cases, 20 359 997 participants), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.22–1.35, I2 = 90.3%) per 20 mmHg of systolic blood pressure (24 studies, 31 639 cases and 2 557 975 participants), and 1.12 (95% CI: 1.04–1.21, I2 = 92.6%) per 10 mmHg of diastolic blood pressure (16 studies, 23 127 cases and 2 419 972 participants). There was a steeper increase in heart failure risk at higher blood pressure levels and a three- to five-fold increase in RR at around 180/120 mmHg of systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with 100/60 mmHg, respectively. There was little indication of publication bias across analyses.

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests a strong positive association between hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the risk of heart failure. These results support efforts to reduce blood pressure in the general population to reduce the risk of heart failure.
Sex-Specific Limitation of Cardiac Capacity During the Adult Life Span: Return to Fundamental Structure and Function
Authors: Guo Meihan , Diaz-Canestro Candela , Ng Ming-Yen , Yiu Kai Hang , Montero David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Physiology underlying reduced cardiac pumping capacity in women compared with men and its interaction with aging remains unresolved. Herein, the pressure gradient (PG) driving venous return was manipulated to evidence whether cardiac structure and/or function explain sex differences in cardiac capacity. Healthy women/men matched by age and physical activity were included within young (n = 40, age = 25 ± 4 years) and older (n = 55, age = 60 ± 8 years) groups. Cardiac volumes/output (Q) were assessed up-to-peak exercise under 2 hemodynamic conditions (“low”/“high” PG between lower/upper body). Main outcomes included sex differences in delta (“high” − “low” PG) left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (∆LVEDV), stroke volume (∆SV), and Q (∆Q). In young individuals, “high”-PG increased exercise LVEDV and SV in men (p ≤ .002), but not in women (p ≥ .562), relative to “low”-PG (control condition). Accordingly, peak ∆LVEDV, ∆SV, and ∆Q were enhanced in young men versus young women (p ≤ .019). Notwithstanding, right/left atrial volumes during exercise were similarly increased by “high”-PG in both young sexes (p ≤ .007). “High”-PG exclusively prolonged moderate exercise LV filling time in young men (p ≤ .036). In older individuals, “high”-PG did not modify exercise cardiac volumes and reduced LV diastolic function (p ≤ .049). In conclusion, the female young heart is unrestrained by venous return or structural factors external to the myocardium. As determined during moderate exercise, impaired LV filling time lengthening limits female-specific cardiac capacity. With older age, cardiac chambers are not distended and LV relaxation is impaired with increased PG in both sexes. During early but not late adulthood, a functional LV limitation may explain sex differences in cardiac capacity.
Examining the Interrelationships Between Social Isolation and Loneliness and Their Correlates Among Older British Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Evidence From Four British Longitudinal Studies
Authors: Mansfield Rosie , Di Gessa Giorgio , Patel Kishan , McElroy Eoin , Wels Jacques , Henderson Morag , Maddock Jane , Stafford Jean , Steptoe Andrew , Richards Marcus , Patalay Praveetha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Unprecedented social restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have provided a new lens for considering the interrelationship between social isolation and loneliness in later life. We present these interrelationships before and during the COVID-19 restrictions and investigate to what extent demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors associated with such experiences differed during the pandemic.

Research Design and Methods
We used data from four British longitudinal population-based studies (1946 NSHD, 1958 NCDS, 1970 BCS, and ELSA, N = 12,129). Rates, co-occurrences, and correlates of social isolation and loneliness are presented prior to and during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and the interrelationships between these experiences are elucidated in both periods.

Results
Across the Four studies, prepandemic proportions reporting social isolation ranged from 15% to 54%, with higher rates in older ages (e.g., 32% of individuals aged 70–79 years and 54% of those more than 80). During the pandemic, the percentage of older people reporting both social isolation and loneliness and isolation only slightly increased. The interrelationship between social isolation and loneliness did not change. Associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics and social isolation and loneliness also remained consistent, with greater burden among those with higher economic precarity (females, nonhomeowners, unemployed, illness, and greater financial stress).

Discussion and Implications
There were already large inequalities in experiences of social isolation and loneliness and the pandemic had a small impact on worsening extent and inequalities in these. The concepts of loneliness and social isolation are not interchangeable, and clarity is needed in how they are conceptualized, operationalized, and interpreted. Given many older adults experience high levels of social isolation, there should be greater emphasis on reducing social isolation and the inequalities observed in who experiences greater isolation and loneliness.
Care Partner Confidence and Experiences in Legal Planning for People Living With Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Jolliff Anna , Fields Beth , Boutilier Justin , Dudek Alex , Elliott Christian , Zuraw Matthew , Werner Nicole E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Care partners of persons living with dementia perform complex legal planning tasks. The purpose of this study was to survey care partners in the United States to understand their confidence and experience in performing legal planning tasks.

Research Design and Methods
This study used a parallel mixed-methods research design. We administered a web-based survey to 318 adults who self-identified as care partners of persons living with dementia. The survey contained Likert scale questions and open-ended questions about legal planning tasks. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze quantitative data and inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.

Results
Care partners were, on average, 53 years of age and 78% female. The three topics in which participants were least confident were: protecting oneself legally as a care partner; options when legal documents are not in place and a family member is not legally competent; and circumstances when legal documents should be updated or renewed. We observed significant differences in legal planning confidence between newer and more experienced care partners (p &lt; .001); lower- and higher-income care partners (p = .01); and adult child versus spousal care partners (p &lt; .001). Thematic analysis revealed that legal planning challenges include initiating a conversation with the person living with dementia, understanding and using legal materials, and accessing materials that accommodate individual differences.

Discussion and Implications
It is vital to develop legal planning interventions that are tailored to specific subgroups of care partners, and to maximize the clarity, comprehensiveness, and accessibility of available legal planning education.
Ontology-driven analysis of marine metagenomics: what more can we learn from our data?
Authors: Blumberg Kai , Miller Matthew , Ponsero Alise , Hurwitz Bonnie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
The proliferation of metagenomic sequencing technologies has enabled novel insights into the functional genomic potentials and taxonomic structure of microbial communities. However, cyberinfrastructure efforts to manage and enable the reproducible analysis of sequence data have not kept pace. Thus, there is increasing recognition of the need to make metagenomic data discoverable within machine-searchable frameworks compliant with the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles for data stewardship. Although a variety of metagenomic web services exist, none currently leverage the hierarchically structured terminology encoded within common life science ontologies to programmatically discover data.

Results
Here, we integrate large-scale marine metagenomic datasets with community-driven life science ontologies into a novel FAIR web service. This approach enables the retrieval of data discovered by intersecting the knowledge represented within ontologies against the functional genomic potential and taxonomic structure computed from marine sequencing data. Our findings highlight various microbial functional and taxonomic patterns relevant to the ecology of prokaryotes in various aquatic environments.

Conclusions
In this work, we present and evaluate a novel Semantic Web architecture that can be used to ask novel biological questions of existing marine metagenomic datasets. Finally, the FAIR ontology searchable data products provided by our API can be leveraged by future research efforts.
Pain management after pneumothorax surgery: intercostal nerve block or thoracic epidural analgesia
Authors: Spaans Louisa N , van Steenwijk Quirine C A , Seiranjan Adelina , Janssen Nicky , de Loos Erik R , Susa Denis , Eerenberg Jan P , Bouwman R A (Arthur) , Dijkgraaf Marcel G , van den Broek Frank J C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pneumothorax, the benefits and risks of single-shot intercostal nerve block as loco-regional analgesia are not well known. We retrospectively compared the effectiveness of intercostal nerve blocks as a viable alternative to thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) regarding pain control and enhanced recovery.

METHODS
A retrospective multicentre analysis with single-centre propensity score matching was performed in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pneumothorax receiving either TEA or intercostal nerve block. The primary outcome was a proportion of pain scores ≥4 (scale 0–10) until postoperative day (POD) 3. Secondary outcomes included variation in pain over time, additional opioid use, length of stay, mobility, complications and recurrence rate.

RESULTS
In 218 patients, TEA was compared to intercostal nerve block and showed no difference in the proportion of pain scores ≥4 {14.3% [interquartile range (IQR) 0.0–33.3] vs 11.1% (IQR 0.0–27.3) respectively, P = 0.24}, more frequently needed additional opioids on the day of surgery (18% vs 48%) and first POD (20% vs 42%), had a shorter length of stay (4.0 days [IQR 3.0–7.0] vs 3.0 days [IQR 2.8–4.0]) and were significantly more mobile until POD 3, while having similar recurrences. Intercostal nerve block had higher pain scores early in the course whereas TEA had higher late (rebound) pain scores.

CONCLUSIONS
In a multimodal analgesic setting with additional opioids, intercostal nerve block shows comparable moments of unacceptable pain from POD 0–3 compared to TEA and is linked to improved mobility. Results require randomized confirmation.
115 The Ramifications of Tail Docking Ewes on Mating Behavior and Reproductive Performance
Authors: Woods Jocelyn M , Adcock Sarah J J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Removing a portion of the tail, also known as tail docking, is a common husbandry practice in sheep because it is believed to reduce fecal and urine soiling of the wool. However, support for this claim is sparse, and there is evidence that females of several ungulate species use their tails to communicate in sexual contexts. The objective of this study was to test whether the tail status of a ewe affected the mating preferences of a ram, the responses of the ewe to mounting attempts, conception rate, and litter size. Within 18 Polypay female twin pairs, one lamb was docked by placing a constrictive rubber ring on the tail between 24 to 48 hours of age and the tail of the other lamb was left intact (n = 18/treatment). Between 7 to 8 months of age, the estrus cycles of the ewes were synchronized and 9 groups of 2 twin pairs were exposed to an unfamiliar virgin ram (7 to 8 months of age) for 48 hours. Video footage of the first 2 hours of behavioral interactions was analyzed to determine which ewe the ram first approached, the duration of contact with each ewe, and the count of headbutts and rejected and accepted mounts. Undocked ewes tended to accept twice as many mounts from the ram when compared with docked ewes (X2 = 3.50, P = 0.06). Additionally, undocked ewes tended to reject fewer mounts (X2 = 0.3.72, P = 0.05). Undocked ewes were the targets of twice as many headbutts from the ram when compared with docked ewes (X2 = 19.50, P &lt; 0.001). The analysis of which ewe the ram first approached and the duration of contact with each ewe is ongoing. Of the 36 ewes, 15 docked and 15 undocked ewes were bred, achieving an 83% conception rate. Based on ultrasounds 40 to 44 days post-breeding, tail status did not significantly influence prospective litter size (mean ± SE; docked: 1.73 ± 0.13; undocked: 1.93 ± 0.15; X2 = 1.04, P = 0.31). Our results show that tail docking did not influence the reproductive performance of ewes. However, the behavior of ewes and rams varied based on the tail status of the ewe, with rams targeting more aggression toward undocked ewes and undocked ewes showing greater sexual receptivity. Further research on the merits and pitfalls of tail docking is necessary to determine how this procedure holistically affects sheep welfare and performance.