bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative electromyographic study of scapular stabilizing muscles during five main rehabilitation exercises
Authors: Mendez-Rebolledo Guillermo , Araya-Quintanilla Felipe , Guzmán-Muñoz Eduardo , Salazar-Mendez Joaquín , Cruz-Montecinos Carlos , Berckmans Kelly R. , Calatayud Joaquín 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare the surface electromyographic (sEMG) amplitude, activation ratio, and onset latency of the main scapular stabilizing muscles between five typical rehabilitative exercises.

Design
Twenty-seven healthy participants performed five scapular exercises [wall-slide (WS), wall push-up plus, prone horizontal abduction with external rotation (PHABER), external rotation in side-lying (ERSL), and low row] while simultaneously recording sEMG of serratus anterior (SA), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and upper trapezius (UT). sEMG amplitudes, onset latencies, and activation ratios were calculated.

Results
PHABER showed an excellent UT/MT (0.43) and UT/LT (0.30) muscle balance with high (> 50% MVIC) MT and LT amplitudes, a low (< 20% MVIC) UT amplitude, and an early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-474.7 to 89.9 ms) relative to UT. ERSL showed excellent UT/SA (0.26), UT/MT (0.32), and UT/LT (0.21) activation ratios; and along with LR and WS, showed early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles (-378.1 to -26.6 ms).

Conclusions
PHABER presented optimal scapular neuromuscular control. Although ERSL, low row, and WS did not meet all the criteria associated with optimal scapular neuromuscular control, these exercises could be used in early stages of shoulder rehabilitation because they favor early activation of the scapular stabilizing muscles.
Introduction to Disability and Antiableist Health Care
Authors: Smeltz Lydia , Carpenter Sandra , Benedetto Lauren , Newcomb Nora , Rubenstein Dana , King Tonya , Lunsford Christopher , Shaw Tanya , DeWaters Ami L. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians often care for disabled patients, who comprise America’s largest marginalized population. Despite medical students’ and physicians’ discomfort with caring for disabled patients and the pervasiveness of ableism in health care, medical education lacks disability-focused education. Kern’s approach to curriculum development and disability community input were used to design a three-part, elective curriculum for first-year medical students. Part one introduced disability models and language. Part two described how to perform a comprehensive history and physical examination for a disabled patient using ADEPT-CARE. Part three provided an overview of disability history and the disability rights movement. The curriculum’s goal was to improve students’ attitudes regarding disability health and self-perceived knowledge and confidence in caring for patients with disabilities. The curriculum was evaluated through presurvey and postsurvey. Students favorably reviewed the curriculum. One hundred percent of students (n = 21) agreed or strongly agreed that the curriculum improved their knowledge of disability health, increased their perceived confidence in caring for patients with disabilities, and enhanced their medical education. There were no statistically significant differences in students’ attitudes toward patients with disabilities after curriculum completion. Our asynchronous module provides one potential curriculum for increasing preclinical medical students’ self-perceived knowledge of disability health.
Impact of Urine Culture Reflex Policy Implementation in a Large County Hospital Inpatient Rehabilitation Unit – A Pilot Study
Authors: Pham Diana , Hopkins Brian J. , Chavez Audrie A. , Brown L. Steven , Barshikar Surendra , Prokesch Bonnie C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To promote antimicrobial stewardship, many institutions have implemented a policy of reflexing to a urine culture based on a positive urinalysis result. The rehab patient population, including individuals with brain and spinal cord injuries, may have atypical presentations of UTIs. The study objective is to determine the effects of implementing a urine culture reflex policy in this specific patient population.

Design
In an inpatient rehabilitation unit, 348 urinalyses were analyzed from August 2019 to June 2021. Urinalysis with greater than or equal to ten white blood cells per high power field (WBC/HPF) was automatically reflexed to a urine culture in this prospective study. Primary outcome was return to acute care related to urinary tract infection. Secondary outcomes included adherence to reflex protocol, antibiotic utilization and appropriateness, adverse outcomes related to antibiotic use, and reduction in urine cultures processed and the associated reduction in healthcare costs.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference pre- and post-intervention related to the primary outcome. Urine cultures processed were reduced by 58% post-intervention.

Conclusions
Urine culture reflex policy is likely an effective intervention to reduce the frequency of urine cultures without significantly affecting the need to transfer patients from inpatient rehab back to the acute care setting.
A 23-year-old with chronic pain and fainting spells – A clinical vignette
Authors: Ploeg Allegra Noëlle , Courseault Jacques , Lekshminarayanan Anusha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Care for and clinical presentation of patients with connective tissue disorders, specifically Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, is poorly understood. Diagnosis can often take years, and comprehensive care can be difficult to coordinate for these patients. This vignette aims to show the clinical characteristics of a young female with Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos, as well as the evaluation of her diagnostic presentation and subsequent treatment. The demographic data of this population is yet to be established, and as it can vary widely between individuals, it is important to recognize symptoms that distinguish this disorder from others with similar presentations. Education of physicians on this syndrome will allow earlier recognition of symptoms and lead to better outcomes of these patients overall.
Association Between Health Service Systems and Pressure Injury Problems of Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kammuang-lue Pratchayapon , Pattanakuhar Sintip , Engkasan Julia Patrick , Wahyuni Luh K. , Fauzi Aishah Ahmad , Chotiyarnwong Chayaporn , Kovindha Apichana 
Published: January 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to determine whether a health service system is an independent influencing factor of having pressure injury problems in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury living in three countries

Design
This is a cross-sectional study.

Methods
Data from the International Spinal Cord Injury Community Survey were analyzed. The pressure injury problems were assessed using the Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scales (dichotomized to “having problem” and “not having problem”). Health service systems were categorized as an inpatient-oriented spinal cord injury–specialized system and a primary care–oriented system. A directed acyclic graph was applied to create a multivariable logistic regression model to determine the independent influencing factors of pressure injury problems.

Results
Of 790 included participants, 277 (35%) had pressure injury problems. Being recruited from countries with inpatient-oriented spinal cord injury–specialized systems (model 1) and visiting rehabilitation medicine/spinal cord injury physicians at least once a year (model 2) is an independent negative correlating factor of pressure injury problems (odds ratio = 0.569 [95% confidence interval = 0.374–0.866] and 0.591 [95% confidence interval = 0.405–0.864], respectively).

Conclusions
Spinal cord injury–specialized health service systems might be a protective factor of pressure injury problems in middle-income country contexts. This result suggests the importance of having spinal cord injury–specialized services in middle-income countries to reduce the prevalence of pressure injury problems.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Identify the best strategy for managing pressure injury problems in people with spinal cord injury. (2) Describe common methods for determining health service utilization and evaluating secondary health conditions in people with spinal cord injury. (3) Discuss the advantage of having a SCI-specialized rehabilitation system in middleincome countries as a protective factor from having pressure injury problems.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Unlocking the Black Box? A Comprehensive Exploration of Large Language Models in Rehabilitation
Authors: Bonnechère Bruno 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Rehabilitation is a vital component of healthcare, aiming to restore function and improve the well-being of individuals with disabilities or injuries. Nevertheless, the rehabilitation process is often likened to a 'black box', with complexities that pose challenges for comprehensive analysis and optimization. The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers promising solutions to better understand this ‘black box’. LLMs excel at comprehending and generating human-like text, making them valuable in the healthcare sector. In rehabilitation, healthcare professionals must integrate a wide range of data to create effective treatment plans, akin to selecting the best ingredients for the 'black box'. LLMs enhance data integration, communication, assessment, and prediction.
This paper delves into the ground-breaking use of LLMs as a tool to further understand the rehabilitation process. LLMs address current rehabilitation issues, including data bias, contextual comprehension, and ethical concerns. Collaboration with healthcare experts and rigorous validation is crucial when deploying LLMs. Integrating LLMs into rehabilitation yields insights into this intricate process, enhancing data-driven decision-making, refining clinical practices, and predicting rehabilitation outcomes. Although challenges persist, LLMs represent a significant stride in rehabilitation, underscoring the importance of ethical use and collaboration.
Surgical Sabermetrics
Authors: Howie Emma E. , Ambler Olivia , Gunn Eilidh GM , Dias Roger D. , Wigmore Stephen J. , Skipworth Richard JE , Yule Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the current evidence for surgical sabermetrics: digital methods of assessing surgical non-technical skills and investigate the implications for enhancing surgical performance.

Background:
Surgeons need high-quality, objective, and timely feedback to optimise performance and patient safety. Digital tools to assess non-technical skills have potential to reduce human bias and aid scalability. However, we do not fully understand which of the myriad of digital metrics of performance assessment have efficacy for surgeons.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PSYCINFO databases following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. MeSH terms and keywords included “Assessment” “Surgeons” and “Technology”. Eligible studies included digital assessment of non-technical skills for surgeons, residents, and/or medical students within an operative context.

Results:
From 19,229 articles screened, 81 articles met inclusion criteria. The studies varied in surgical specialities, settings, and outcome measurements. A total of 122 distinct objective, digital metrics were utilized. Studies digitally measured at least one category of surgical non-technical skill using single(n=54) or multiple objective measures(n=27). The majority of studies utilised simulation(n=48) over live operative settings (n=32). Surgical Sabermetrics has been demonstrated to be beneficial in measuring cognitive load(n=57), situation awareness(n=24), communication(n=3), teamwork(n=13), and leadership(n=2). No studies measured intraoperative decision-making.

Conclusions:
The literature detailing the intersection between surgical data science and operative non-technical skills is diverse and growing rapidly. Surgical Sabermetrics may provide a promising modifiable technique to achieve desirable outcomes for both the surgeon and the patient. This study identifies a diverse array of measurements possible with sensor devices and highlights research gaps, including need for objective assessment of decision-making. Future studies may advance the integration of physiological sensors to provide holistic assessment of surgical performance.
Bridging the resolution-sectioning gap in stimulated emission depletion microscopy: theory and experiment
Authors: Belsley Michael , Soares-de-Oliveira Joana , Pereira António J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMicroscopes generally exhibit superior performance in 2D compared to 3D. Fluorescence super-resolution imaging often intensifies this discrepancy, such as with the gold-standard vortex-based stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope, which narrows the point-spread function only laterally. In this study, we developed a semi-analytical theory based on the Nijboer-Zernike expansion, conducted simulations and performed experiments to establish the merits of the alternative bivortex-based STED. We find that this mode reduces the axial-lateral resolution mismatch and effectively emulates noisier multi-beam approaches by providing access to point-spread function geometries that are strictly forbidden to the two conventional single-beam modes, 2D-STED and z-STED. Notably, theory and experiment indicate that, besides filling the gap, bivortex STED delivers a higher signal-to-background than the two modes it bridges.
Identification of type 2 diabetes- and obesity-associated human β-cells using deep transfer learning
Authors: Roy Gitanjali , Syed Rameesha , Lazaro Olivia , Robertson Sylvia , McCabe Sean D. , Rodriguez Daniela , Mawla Alex M. , Johnson Travis S. , Kalwat Michael A. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetes affects >10% of adults worldwide and is caused by impaired production or response to insulin, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Pancreatic islet β-cells are the sole source of endogenous insulin and our understanding of β-cell dysfunction and death in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is incomplete. Single-cell RNA-seq data supports heterogeneity as an important factor in β-cell function and survival. However, it is difficult to identify which β-cell phenotypes are critical for T2D etiology and progression. Our goal was to prioritize specific disease-related β-cell subpopulations to better understand T2D pathogenesis and identify relevant genes for targeted therapeutics. To address this, we applied a deep transfer learning tool, DEGAS, which maps disease associations onto single-cell RNA-seq data from bulk expression data. Independent runs of DEGAS using T2D or obesity status identified distinct β-cell subpopulations. A singular cluster of T2D-associated β-cells was identified; however, β-cells with high obese-DEGAS scores contained two subpopulations derived largely from either non-diabetic or T2D donors. The obesity-associated non-diabetic cells were enriched for translation and unfolded protein response genes compared to T2D cells. We selected DLK1 for validation by immunostaining in human pancreas sections from healthy and T2D donors. DLK1 was heterogeneously expressed among β-cells and appeared depleted from T2D islets. In conclusion, DEGAS has the potential to advance our holistic understanding of the β-cell transcriptomic phenotypes, including features that distinguish β-cells in obese non-diabetic or lean T2D states. Future work will expand this approach to additional human islet omics datasets to reveal the complex multicellular interactions driving T2D.
MerTK-dependent efferocytosis by monocytic-MDSCs mediates resolution of post-lung transplant injury
Authors: Leroy Victoria , Manual Kollareth Denny J. , Tu Zhenxiao , Valisno Jeff Arni C. , Woolet-Stockton Makena , Saha Biplab , Emtiazjoo Amir M. , Rackauskas Mindaugas , Moldawer Lyle L. , Efron Philip A. , Cai Guoshuai , Atkinson Carl , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Sharma Ashish K. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTRationalePatients with end stage lung diseases require lung transplantation (LTx) that can be impeded by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) leading to subsequent chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and inadequate outcomes.ObjectivesWe examined the undefined role of MerTK (receptor Mer tyrosine kinase) on monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) in efferocytosis (phagocytosis of apoptotic cells) to facilitate resolution of lung IRI.MethodsSingle-cell RNA sequencing of lung tissue and BAL from post-LTx patients was analyzed. Murine lung hilar ligation and allogeneic orthotopic LTx models of IRI were used with Balb/c (WT),cebpb-/-(MDSC-deficient),Mertk-/-or MerTK-CR (cleavage resistant) mice. Lung function, IRI (inflammatory cytokine and myeloperoxidase expression, immunohistology for neutrophil infiltration), and flow cytometry of lung tissue for efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils were assessed in mice.Measurements and Main ResultsA significant downregulation in MerTK-related efferocytosis genes in M-MDSC populations of CLAD patients compared to healthy subjects was observed. In the murine IRI model, significant increase in M-MDSCs, MerTK expression and efferocytosis was observed in WT mice during resolution phase that was absent incebpb-/-LandMertk-/-mice. Adoptive transfer of M-MDSCs incebpb-/-mice significantly attenuated lung dysfunction, and inflammation leading to resolution of IRI. Additionally, in a preclinical murine orthotopic LTx model, increases in M-MDSCs were associated with resolution of lung IRI in the transplant recipients.In vitrostudies demonstrated the ability of M-MDSCs to efferocytose apoptotic neutrophils in a MerTK-dependent manner.ConclusionsOur results suggest that MerTK-dependent efferocytosis by M-MDSCs can significantly contribute to the resolution of post-LTx IRI.
Mitotic waves in frog egg extracts: Transition from phase waves to trigger waves
Authors: Puls Owen , Ruiz-Reynés Daniel , Tavella Franco , Jin Minjun , Kim Yeonghoon , Gelens Lendert , Yang Qiong 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTCyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity rises and falls throughout the cell cycle, a cell-autonomous process known as mitotic oscillations. These oscillators can synchronize when spatially coupled, providing a crucial foundation for rapid synchronous divisions in large early embryos likeDrosophila(∼0.5 mm) andXenopus(∼1.2 mm). While diffusion alone cannot achieve such long-range coordination, recent studies have proposed two types of mitotic waves, phase and trigger waves, to explain the phenomena. How the waves establish over time for efficient spatial coordination remains unclear. UsingXenopus laevisegg extracts and a Cdk1 FRET sensor, we observe a transition from phase waves to a trigger wave regime in an initially homogeneous cytosol. Adding nuclei accelerates such transition. Moreover, the system transitions almost immediately to this regime when externally driven by metaphase-arrested extracts from the boundary. Employing computational modeling, we pinpoint how wave nature, including speed-period relation, depends on transient dynamics and oscillator properties, suggesting that phase waves appear transiently due to the time required for trigger waves to entrain the system and that spatial heterogeneity promotes entrainment. Therefore, we show that both waves belong to a single biological process capable of coordinating the cell cycle over long distances.
3D Bioprinting of Human Neural Tissues with Functional Connectivity
Authors: Yan Yuanwei , Li Xueyan , Gao Yu , Mathivanan Sakthikumar , Kong Linghai , Tao Yunlong , Dong Yi , Li Xiang , Bhattacharyya Anita , Zhao Xinyu , Zhang Su-Chun 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYProbing how the human neural networks operate is hindered by the lack of reliable human neural tissues amenable for dynamic functional assessment of neural circuits. We developed a 3D bioprinting platform to assemble tissues with defined human neural cell types in a desired dimension using a commercial bioprinter. The printed neuronal progenitors differentiate to neurons and form functional neural circuits in and between tissue layers with specificity within weeks, evidenced by the cortical-to-striatal projection, spontaneous synaptic currents and synaptic response to neuronal excitation. Printed astrocyte progenitors develop into mature astrocytes with elaborated processes and form functional neuron-astrocyte networks, indicated by calcium flux and glutamate uptake in response to neuronal excitation under physiological and pathological conditions. These designed human neural tissues will likely be useful for understanding the wiring of human neural networks, modeling pathological processes, and serving as platforms for drug testing.
Ecological niche divergence or ecological niche partitioning in a widespread Neotropical bird lineage
Authors: Cooper Jacob C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEcological niche divergence is generally considered to be a facet of evolution that may accompany geographic isolation and diversification in allopatry, contributing to species’ evolutionary distinctiveness through time. The null expectation for any two diverging species in geographic isolation is that of niche conservatism, wherein populations do not rapidly shift to or adapt to novel environments. Here, I test ecological niche divergence for a widespread, pan- American lineage, the avian genus of martins (Progne). Despite containing species with distributions that go from continent-spanning to locally endemic, I found limited evidence for niche divergence across the breeding distributions ofProgne, and much stronger support for niche conservatism with patterns of niche partitioning. The ancestralPrognehad a relatively broad ecological niche, similar to extant basalPrognelineages, and several geographically localized descendant species occupy only portions of the larger ancestralProgneniche. I recovered strong evidence of breeding niche divergence for four of 36 taxon pairs but only one of these divergent pairs involved two widespread, continental species (Southern MartinP. elegansvs. Gray-breasted MartinP. chalybea). Potential niche expansion from the ancestral species was observed in the most wide-ranging present-day species, namely the North American Purple MartinP. subisandP. chalybea. I analyzed populations ofP. subisseparately, as a microcosm ofProgneevolution, and again found only limited evidence of niche divergence. This study adds to the mounting evidence for niche conservatism as a dominant feature of diversifying lineages. Even taxa that appear unique in terms of habitat or behavior may still not be diversifying with respect to their ecological niches, but merely partitioning ancestral niches among descendant taxa.