bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable wide spacing all-fiber dual-wavelength holmium-doped fiber laser using a Lyot filter operating above 2 µm
Authors: Ahmad H , Chiam J W , Samion M Z , Zaini M K A , Zulkifli M Z , Thambiratnam K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this work, we successfully demonstrated an all-fiber, dual-wavelength holmium-doped fiber laser (HDFL) with a tunable wavelength spacing range of 8 nm to 24 nm. The HDFL utilizes a Lyot filter to obtain a stable dual wavelength output, with the Lyot filter being constructed from a polarizer, a 20 m polarizing maintaining fiber (PMF) and two polarization controllers (PCs). The dual-wavelength HDFL has an operating wavelength range from 2072.1 nm to 2097.2 nm and a maximum spacing of 24 nm between the lasing wavelengths as well as a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 45 dB and a side mode suppression ratio as low as 0.15 dB. The HDFL is highly stable, with the lasing output have a low power fluctuation of only 2.3 dB over a continuous operation period of 75 min. The proposed HDFL would have substantial applications as a low cost laser source for sensing applications beyond the 2 µm region, particularly those that require a control signal.
Enhancing the capacity of quantum dense coding from correlated amplitude damping channel via non-Hermitian operation
Authors: Leng Yang , Chen Fei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Using the non-Hermitian operation approach, we propose a scheme to protect and enhance quantum dense coding from correlated amplitude damping (AD) decoherence. In contrast to the results of memoryless AD channel, we show that the memory effects play a significant role in the suppression of quantum dense coding sudden death. Moreover, we find that the damaged quantum dense coding can be effectively enhanced by using the non-Hermitian operation. Furthermore, the freezing phenomenon of quantum dense coding can be detected by using the optimal non-Hermitian operation.
Recommendations for the future regulation of fusion power plants
Authors: Elbez-Uzan J. , Williams L. , Forbes S. , Dodaro A. , Stieglitz R. , Airila M.I. , Holden J. , Rosanvallon S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The discussion in the international community on how fusion power plants (FPPs) will be licenced and regulated is ongoing. As such, there is a concerted drive from the European stakeholders to understand the requirements from such a framework and how to best establish it with the aim of easing the licensing process of FPPs. Initiated by the EUROfusion consortium, a group of European experts were convened to produce a set of recommendations on the regulatory framework for the safety and licensing of FPPs. To do so effectively, the group assessed lessons learned from existing fusion facilities, reports by International Atomic Energy Agency and European Commission on FPP safety and the on-going work by the UK government, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, as well as the licensing process of ITER. As a result, commonalities between fusion and fission were identified in terms of fundamental safety objectives which could facilitate parity in certain framework aspects. However, significant differences to any such implementation were also identified, particularly with respect to the lower hazard potential inherent to FPPs and how to remain proportionate to the associated safety challenges and the physical principles behind these two types of reactors together with their associated technologies. The recognition of the differences in the safety challenges in FPPs and fission-based nuclear power plants (NPPs) is paramount to future regulatory framework development. Ultimately, regulatory frameworks depend upon a country’s legal framework, therefore it is apparent that a common global regulatory framework for FPPs is not possible. However, as with present-day NPP regulation, efforts could be made to develop harmonised approaches to FPP regulation to provide common levels of protection. In view of this objective, 12 recommendations are presented across 4 topics: regulations, international databases, codes and standards, safety demonstration rules and regulatory approaches. These recommendations are provided to inform and advise potential future actions on FPP regulatory framework and licencing process principles.
Poloidal localization of the explosive onset of edge localized modes
Authors: Trier E. , Hennequin P. , Maraschek M. , Giannone L. , Vanovac B. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In ASDEX Upgrade lower single null H-mode plasmas, the onset of the explosive phase of Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) is poloidally localized in the X-point/outer strike point (X/OSP) region. From this location, ELMs develop on average towards the low-field and high-field sides in typically

100

μ
s

. An associated magnetic activity localized in the X/OSP region is also observed in-between ELMs, at a lower level than at the ELM onset, and interpreted as being due to perturbed currents connected to the divertor target-s. Its broadband spectra typically extend up to

100

k
H
z

–due to short-lived events of variable frequencies–and are dominated by

n

=
1

toroidal mode numbers rotating in the counter-current direction.
Short-time large deviations of the spatially averaged height of a Kardar–Parisi–Zhang interface on a ring
Authors: Schorlepp Timo , Sasorov Pavel , Meerson Baruch 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Using the optimal fluctuation method, we evaluate the short-time probability distribution

P
(

H
ˉ

,
L
,
t
=
T
)

of the spatially averaged height

H
ˉ

=
(
1

/

L
)

∫
0
L

h
(
x
,
t
=
T
)

d

x

of a one-dimensional interface

h
(
x
,
t
)

governed by the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation

∂
t

h
=
ν

∂
x
2

h
+

λ
2

∂
x

h

2

+

D

ξ

x
,
t

on a ring of length L. The process starts from a flat interface,

h
(
x
,
t
=
0
)
=
0

. Both at

λ

H
ˉ

<
0

and at sufficiently small positive

λ

H
ˉ

the optimal (that is, the least-action) path

h
(
x
,
t
)

of the interface, conditioned on

H
ˉ

, is uniform in space, and the distribution

P
(

H
ˉ

,
L
,
T
)

is Gaussian. However, at sufficiently large

λ

H
ˉ

>
0

the spatially uniform solution becomes sub-optimal and gives way to non-uniform optimal paths. We study these, and the resulting non-Gaussian distribution

P
(

H
ˉ

,
L
,
T
)

, analytically and numerically. The loss of optimality of the uniform solution occurs via a dynamical phase transition of either first or second order, depending on the rescaled system size

ℓ
=
L

/

ν
T

, at a critical value

H
ˉ

=

H
ˉ

c

(
ℓ
)

. At large but finite

ℓ

the transition is of first order. Remarkably, it becomes an ‘accidental’ second-order transition in the limit of

ℓ
→
∞

, where a large-deviation behavior

−
ln
P
(

H
¯

,
L
,
T
)
≃
(
L
/
T
)
f
(

H
¯

)

(in the units

λ
=
ν
=
D
=
1

) is observed. At small

ℓ

the transition is of second order, while at

ℓ
=
O
(
1
)

transitions of both types occur.
Empirical projection of global sea level in 2050 driven by Antarctic and Greenland ice mass variations
Authors: Lee Donghyuck , Kim Byeong-Hoon , Seo Ki-Weon , Lee Won Sang , Lee Choon-Ki , Jeon Taehwan , Jin Emilia Kyung 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Global mean sea level rise, driven by ice mass loss in Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (AIS and GrIS), is a significant consequence of global warming. Although various ice sheet models have attempted to predict the ice mass balance and subsequent sea level changes, non-trivial disagreements between models exist. In this study, we employ an empirical approach to estimate the future (2050) ice mass changes for both ice sheets, assuming their historical patterns of ice dynamics would persist in the coming decades. To achieve this, we estimate decadal-scale ice discharge variations by subtracting the surface mass balance (SMB) from the observed ice mass changes and extrapolate linear trend and acceleration components of ice discharges up to 2050. We also consider future SMB data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 models to estimate net ice mass balance. Our estimates suggest that from 2021 to 2050, the global sea level rise due to AIS and GrIS ranges between 6–19 mm and 15–31 mm, respectively. Additionally, we investigate regional sea level variability resulting from geoid changes induced by ice mass changes in both regions, highlighting that heterogeneous sea level changes may cause more pronounced sea level rises in lower latitude regions, where major cities are located.
Domain wall fluctuations of the six-vertex model at the ice point
Authors: Prähofer Michael , Spohn Herbert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We report on Monte-Carlo simulations of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions. In thermal equilibrium such boundary conditions force a fluctuating line separating the disordered region from the perfectly ordered ones. Specifically we study the ice point at which all vertex weights are equal. With high precision the one-point fluctuations of the line are confirmed to be of order

N

1
3

and governed by the Tracy–Widom distribution. Furthermore, the non-universal scaling coefficients are computed for a wide range of interaction strengths.
Magnetic field influence on the light yield from fiber-coupled BCF-60 plastic scintillators of relevance for output factor dosimetry in MR-linacs
Authors: Andersen Claus E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Organic plastic scintillators are of interest for ionizing radiation dosimetry in megavoltage photon beams because plastic scintillators have a mass density very similar to that of water. This leads to insignificant perturbation of the electron fluence at the point of measurement in a water phantom. This feature is a benefit for dosimetry in strong magnetic fields (e.g., 1.5 T) as found in linacs with magnetic resonance imaging. The objective of this work was to quantify if the light yield per dose for the scintillating fiber BCF-60 material from Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics Inc. is constant regardless of the magnetic flux density. This question is of importance for establishing traceable measurement in MR linacs using this detector type. Experiments were carried out using an accelerator combined with an electromagnet (max 0.7 T). Scintillator probes were read out using chromatic stem-removal techniques based on two optical channels or full spectral information. Reference dosimetry was carried out with PTW31010 and PTW31021 ionization chambers. TOPAS/GEANT4 was used for modelling. The light yield per dose for the BCF-60 was found to be strongly influenced by the magnitude of the magnetic field from about 1 mT to 0.7 T. The light yield per dose increased (1.3 ± 0.2)% (k = 1) from 1 mT to 10 mT and it increased (4.5 ± 0.9)% (k = 1) from 0 T to 0.7 T. Previous studies of the influence of magnetic fields on medical scintillator dosimetry have been unable to clearly identify if observed changes in scintillator response with magnetic field strength were related to changes in dose, stem signal removal, or scintillator light yield. In the current study of BCF-60, we see a clear change in light yield with magnetic field, and none of the other effects.
Silicone Particles in Capsules Around Breast Implants: An Investigation Into Currently Available Implants in North America
Authors: Danino Michel Alain , Dziubek Melvin , Dalfen Jacqueline , Bonapace-Potvin Michelle , Gaboury Louis , Giot Jean Philippe , Laurent Romain 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Breast implants have always been composed of a silicone elastomer envelope filled with either silicone gel or saline. Breast implant illness (BII) is a set of symptoms that has previously been linked to the leakage of silicone particles from the implants into the body.

Objectives
Our research aimed to quantify the number of silicone particles present in the capsules of breast implants available in North America.

Methods
Thirty-five periprosthetic capsules were sampled and analyzed, and silicone particles were counted and measured. The capsule surface area was then measured and utilized to calculate particle density and total number of silicone particles.

Results
Eighty-five percent of capsules analyzed from silicone gel implants contained silicone, with an average of 62 particles per mm3 of capsular tissue. These implants had approximately 1 million silicone particles per capsule. In contrast, none of the saline implant capsules contained silicone. Capsules from macrotextured tissue expanders contained fewer and larger silicone particles.

Conclusions
Silicone gel implants presented silicone particle bleeding into the periprosthetic capsule, totaling on average 1 million silicone particles per capsule. On the other hand, no silicone particle bleeding was observed from saline breast implants. These data suggest that particle bleeding comes from the inner silicone gel, and not from the smooth outer silicone shell. Previous studies have reported the presence of breast implant illness in patients with both silicone- and saline-filled implants. Therefore, our data suggest that silicone migration is not the sole cause of BII.

Level of Evidence: 4
Hyaluronan Hybrid Cooperative Complexes Injection as a Biostimulation for Postobese Skin Laxity in the Arm: A Histopathologic Study
Authors: Margara Andrea , Haykal Diala , Musella Danilo , Bellia Gilberto , Boriani Filippo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The Hybrid Cooperative Complexes of high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HHCC) improve skin structure and bioactivity. Massive weight loss damages cellular composition and morphological structure of skin. An injective treatment of postobese skin consisting of HHCC may have a role in counteracting these histopathological alterations.

Objectives
To analyze the histological effects of HHCC injection in the cutaneous tissues of massive weight loss patients suffering from arm laxity.

Methods
Nine ex-obese patients with postweight-loss-related arm laxity and ptosis requiring brachioplasty were prospectively recruited at the first author's department. HHCC injection was performed on only 1 arm, which included 2 injective sessions separated by 30 days. One month posttreatment, patients underwent a bilateral brachioplasty, and the surgical specimens were histologically examined, searching for any variation in the cutaneous connective tissue following injections. Histology on treated specimens showed a statistically significant increased density of elastic fibers along with a lower fragmentation of the same fibers compared to the untreated tissue. Fibroblasts demonstrated a swollen appearance as if involved in a bioactivation process.

Results
Treatment with HHCC increases the number of elastin fibers and determines a more regular elastin deposition and architecture, as well as the bioactivation of fibroblasts. The contralateral untreated area showed an irregular structure with elastosis and elastolysis.

Conclusions
More studies are necessary, but histologically proven benefits are demonstrated in the HHCC-treated skins when compared with basal controlateral skin. These data support the use of HHCC formulations for the treatment of postobese skin laxity.

Level of Evidence: 5
An improved Shorea robusta genomic DNA extraction protocol with high PCR fidelity
Authors: Mishra Garima , Meena Rajendra K , Kant Rama , Pandey Shailesh , Ginwal Harish S , Bhandari Maneesh S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Shorea robusta (Dipterocarpaceae), commonly known as Sal, is an economically and culturally important timber species, known to contain a wide spectrum of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and other secondary metabolites in the tissues, which can interfere with the extraction of high-quality genomic DNA. In order to screen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and carry out other DNA-based analyses for this species in our laboratory, a high-throughput DNA extraction methodology was needed. Hence, we have optimized a simple, rapid, safe, and reliable high-throughput protocol for DNA extraction suitable for both fresh and dry leaves. The standardized protocol delivered good DNA yield of ∼1500 µg from 1 g of leaf tissue, with purity indicated by a 260 nm/280 nm absorbance ratio ranging from 1.70 to 1.91, which validated the suitability of extracted DNA and revealed reduced levels of contaminants. Additionally, the protocol that we developed was found to be suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using microsatellite markers. Genome-wide characterization with SSR markers has been established in S. robusta, which further validates the protocol and its usefulness in DNA-based studies across the genus and/or family.
The dynamic causality brain network reflects whether the working memory is solidified
Authors: Chen Chunli , Liang Yi , Xu Shiyun , Yi Chanlin , Li Yuqin , Chen Baodan , Yang Lei , Liu Qiang , Yao Dezhong , Li Fali , Xu Peng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Working memory, which is foundational to higher cognitive function, is the “sketchpad of volitional control.” Successful working memory is the inevitable outcome of the individual’s active control and manipulation of thoughts and turning them into internal goals during which the causal brain processes information in real time. However, little is known about the dynamic causality among distributed brain regions behind thought control that underpins successful working memory. In our present study, given that correct responses and incorrect ones did not differ in either contralateral delay activity or alpha suppression, further rooting on the high-temporal-resolution EEG time-varying directed network analysis, we revealed that successful working memory depended on both much stronger top-down connections from the frontal to the temporal lobe and bottom-up linkages from the occipital to the temporal lobe, during the early maintenance period, as well as top-down flows from the frontal lobe to the central areas as the delay behavior approached. Additionally, the correlation between behavioral performance and casual interactions increased over time, especially as memory-guided delayed behavior approached. Notably, when using the network metrics as features, time-resolved multiple linear regression of overall behavioral accuracy was exactly achieved as delayed behavior approached. These results indicate that accurate memory depends on dynamic switching of causal network connections and shifting to more task-related patterns during which the appropriate intervention may help enhance memory.
Prevalence Rates of Pneumococcal Vaccination in IBD and 30-Day Clinical Outcomes in Patients With IBD and Pneumococcal Disease Stratified by Receipt of Pneumococcal Vaccination: A Multi-Network Study
Authors: Ford Andrew , Chittajallu Vibhu , Abraham Perez Jaime , Martin Scott , Alkhayyat Motasem , Dave Maneesh , Ho Edith Y , Sinh Preetika , Nguyen Vu , Cooper Gregory , Katz Jeffry , Cominelli Fabio , Regueiro Miguel , Mansoor Emad 
Published: December 2023

Lay Summary
This study sought to assess outcomes associated with pneumococcal vaccination in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients. Results found unvaccinated patients had higher adverse outcomes, including greater risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, ventilation, and mortality. These findings underscore the importance of pneumococcal vaccination.
A case report of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome and aortic stenosis
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Fang Wei , Wang Qiuhe , Li Yan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
The co-existence of Sjögren's syndrome and aortic stenosis (AS) is infrequent, and there lack cases of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for these patients with detailed management decision-making.

Case summary
We report a case of a female patient who had AS and Sjögren's syndrome with leukopaenia and thrombocytopaenia. To overcome co-existing hyper-coagulation and high thrombogenesis risk, difficult lifetime valve management, and high infection risk, we performed TAVR with 3D printing and formulated antithrombotic and antibiotic schemes.

Conclusion
This case provided a successful experience of TAVR in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Long-term follow-up will be conducted, and optimization of the therapeutic regimen requires further exploration.
Foreign Competition along the Quality Ladder
Authors: Piveteau Paul , Smagghue Gabriel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe document that firms with low prices are more impacted by low-cost competition. To explain this pattern, we propose an empirical model of trade with random-coefficient demand and endogenous product quality. Unlike commonly used demand systems (e.g., constant elasticity of substitution, nested logit), this model generates rich substitution patterns and implies an ‘escape-competition’ effect: in response to low-cost competition, firms have an incentive to upgrade their product quality. The estimation of the model reveals significant heterogeneity in consumer preferences. Counterfactual experiments suggest that the ‘China shock’ was significantly more damaging to firms at the bottom of the price distribution, and that quality upgrading had a limited role at mitigating the shock.
Cauchy data for Levin’s method
Authors: Ashton Anthony 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the Cauchy data that gives rise to slowly oscillating solutions to the Levin equation. We present a general result on the existence of a unique minimizer of $\|Bx\|$ subject to the constraint $Ax=y$, where $A,B$ are linear, but not necessarily bounded operators on a complex Hilbert space. This result is used to obtain the solution to the Levin equation, both in the univariate and multivariate case, which minimizes the mean-square of the derivative over the domain. The Cauchy data that generates this solution is then obtained, and this can be used to supplement the Levin equation in the computation of highly oscillatory integrals in the presence of stationary points.
Applying contrastive pre-training for depression and anxiety risk prediction in type 2 diabetes patients based on heterogeneous electronic health records: a primary healthcare case study
Authors: Feng Wei , Wu Honghan , Ma Hui , Tao Zhenhuan , Xu Mengdie , Zhang Xin , Lu Shan , Wan Cheng , Liu Yun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
Due to heterogeneity and limited medical data in primary healthcare services (PHS), assessing the psychological risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in PHS is difficult. Using unsupervised contrastive pre-training, we proposed a deep learning framework named depression and anxiety prediction (DAP) to predict depression and anxiety in T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods
The DAP model consists of two sub-models. Firstly, the pre-trained model of DAP used unlabeled discharge records of 85 085 T2DM patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University for unsupervised contrastive learning on heterogeneous electronic health records (EHRs). Secondly, the fine-tuned model of DAP used case–control cohorts (17 491 patients) selected from 149 596 T2DM patients’ EHRs in the Nanjing Health Information Platform (NHIP). The DAP model was validated in 1028 patients from PHS in NHIP. Evaluation included receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) and precision-recall area under the curve (PR-AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
The pre-training step allowed the DAP model to converge at a faster rate. The fine-tuned DAP model significantly outperformed the baseline models (logistic regression, extreme gradient boosting, and random forest) with ROC-AUC of 0.91±0.028 and PR-AUC of 0.80±0.067 in 10-fold internal validation, and with ROC-AUC of 0.75 ± 0.045 and PR-AUC of 0.47 ± 0.081 in external validation. The DCA indicate the clinical potential of the DAP model.

Conclusion
The DAP model effectively predicted post-discharge depression and anxiety in T2DM patients from PHS, reducing data fragmentation and limitations. This study highlights the DAP model’s potential for early detection and intervention in depression and anxiety, improving outcomes for diabetes patients.