bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Physical Activity Program Developed According to the Precede-Proceed Model on the Physical Activity Level and Physical Activity Behavior of Elementary School Students
Authors: KARA Recep , BAŞBAKKAL Zümrüt 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While obesity rates among children and adolescents have increased significantly in recent years, a decrease in physical activity among children has been widely attributed to this alarming situation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the physical activity program developed according to the Precede-Proceed Model on children's physical activity level and physical activity self-efficacy, attitude, enjoyment level, and exercise change behaviors.
Methods
This study was developed according to the Precede-Proceed model and carried out in an experimental design with the pre-test-post-test control group. Considering the possibility of data loss during the research, 178 students were included in the study, 89 in the intervention group and 89 in the control group. The study period was from October 2021 to March 2022. Data was collected using Child Information Form, The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASS) and Attitude toward Physical Activity Scale (APAS). In consultation with school administrators and classroom teachers, a physical activity program was developed using the Precede-Proceed model so as not to disrupt student instruction. The exercises were carried out three days a week for 30 minutes in the school garden and gym, and the training was carried out in the classrooms one day a week.
Results
It is seen that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of the children's physical activity questionnaire at interim follow-up (t=2.885, p<0.01) and post-test (t=12.588, p<0.01) between the groups of students (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of post-test physical activity self-efficacy scale scores (p <0.05). It is seen that there is a significant difference between the groups in terms of the APAS at the interim follow-up (t=4.157, p<0.01) and post-test (t=9.197, p<0.01) scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The physical activity program developed according to the Precede-Proceed Model increased children's physical activity levels as well as their self-efficacy and attitudes toward physical activity.
Zn-single atom catalysts enable the catalytic transfer hydro-genation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
Authors: Wang Leyu , Chen Jiawen , Xia Yongming , Ling Yuxuan , Liu Xuehui , Li Shuuan , Yin Xiong , Zhang Lipeng , Liang Minghui , Yan Yi-Ming , Zheng Qiang , Chen Wenxing , Guo Yanjun , Yuan En-Hui , Hu Gaofei , Zhou Xiaole 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Highly active non-precious metal single-atom catalysts (SACs) toward catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes is of great significance, but still is deficient. Herein, we report that the Zn-N-C SACs containing ZnN3 moieties can catalyze the cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) with a conversion of 95.5% and selectivity of 95.4% under a mild temperature and atmospheric pressure, which is the first case of Zn species-based catalysts for the CTH reaction. More impressively, the catalytic activity is dependent on the coordination number of the active Zn-metal atoms, and the optimized Zn-N-C SACs even outperformed most of the reported precious metals-based catalysts in catalytic performance. Isotopic labeling and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy indicate that two reactants were co-absorbed at the Zn sites to proceed CTH via a "Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley" mechanism, which is supported by the DFT calculations. DFT calculations also reveal that the outstanding catalytic activity of ZnN3 moieties stemmed from the suitable adsorption energy and favorable reaction energy of the rate-determining step at the Zn active sites. Our findings demonstrate that Zn-N-C SACs hold extraordinary activity toward CTH of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, and thus provide a promising approach to explore the advanced SACs for achieving high value-added chemicals.
Patterns of Rainfall and Temperature and their Relationships with Potential Evapotranspiration rates over recent years (1981-2022) in Southwestern Uganda, East Africa.
Authors: Ojara Moses A. , Babaousmail Hassan , Aribo Lawrence , Namumbya Sylvia , Mumo Lucia , Ogwang Bob Alex 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Uganda in East Africa is experiencing highly variable rainfall that is exacerbated by temperatures warming at faster rates. This study analyzed rainfall and temperature patterns in comparison with the potential evaporation transpiration rates (PET) for southwestern Uganda for varying period from 1981-2022. For rainfall onset date (OD), threshold of 0.85 mm for a rainy day, rainfall of 20 mm accumulated over 5 days with at least 3 rain days and dry spell not exceeding 9 days in the next 30 days were used. The rainfall cessation dates (RCDs) is determined when Water Balance (WB) falls below 5 mm in 7 days in the last month of the expected season (May and December) for the first and second season respectively. Standardized rainfall anomaly was utilized to show seasonal and annual rainfall variability. Pearson’s correlation (r) coefficient was used to show the relationship between weather variables (rainfall, temperature) and PET at five rainfall stations. Results showed highly varied onset and cessation dates for March-May (MAM) seasonal rainfall compared to those of September-December (SOND). Results further revealed statistically significantly increasing trends in both maximum and minimum temperatures across the region, with the highest rate of increase of maximum temperature of 0.70oC and 0.65oC for minimum temperature per decade respectively. Moreover, the maximum temperature and PET showed strong positive correlation coefficient (r) that ranged from 0.82 to 0.90 across the regions, which likely contributes to excess evaporation from the surfaces, soil moisture deficits that negatively affect plants biomass production, low crop yields and food insecurity. We recommend water management and conservation practices such as mulching, zero tillage, planting drought-resistant crops, and using affordable irrigation systems during period of water deficit.
Inhaled Delivery of Cetuximab-Conjugated Immunoliposomes Loaded with Afatinib: A Promising Strategy for Enhanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Sha , Chen Daoyuan , Zhu Xiaosu , Wang Xiaowen , Li Xiao , Du Yuan , Zhang Peng , Tian Jingwei , Song Yingjian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Afatinib (AT), an FDA-approved aniline-quinazoline derivative, is a first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Combining it with cetuximab (CX), a chimeric human-murine derivative immunoglobulin-G1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has shown significant improvements in median progression-free survival. Previously, we developed cetuximab-conjugated immunoliposomes loaded with afatinib (AT-MLP) and demonstrated their efficacy against NSCLC cells (A549 and H1975). In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of pulmonary delivery to mitigate adverse effects associated with oral administration and intravenous injection. We formulated AT-MLP dry powders (AT-MLP-DPI) via freeze-drying using tert-butanol and mannitol as cryoprotectants in the hydration medium. The physicochemical and aerodynamic properties of dry powders were well analyzed firstly. In vitro cellular uptake and cytotoxicity study revealed concentration- and time-dependent cellular uptake behavior and antitumor efficacy of AT-MLP-DPI, while transwell assay demonstrated the superior inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells invasion and migration. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic study showed that pulmonary delivery of AT-MLP-DPI significantly increased bioavailability, prolonged blood circulation time, and exhibited higher lung concentrations compared to alternative administration routes and formulations. The in vivo antitumor efficacy study carried on tumor-bearing nude mice indicated that inhaled AT-MLP-DPI effectively suppressed lung tumor growth.
The transition mechanism of dynamic mechanical loss peaks and phase analysis in binary block copolymers of styrene/butadiene rubber
Authors: Wang Wenheng , liao mingyi , Wang Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The binary segmented styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) have been synthesized using butadiene (Bd) and styrene (St) as monomers through living anionic polymerization. This study investigates the loss peak transition mechanism, phase transition mechanism, and the relationship among structure, phase state, and dynamic mechanical properties of segmented SSBR. The results indicate that the two-segment polymerization method allows for precise control of the sequence structure of binary segmented SSBR. The change in the loss peak of SSBR is continuously observed. The phase structure of SSBR can be altered by adjusting the length ratio of the soft and hard segments, which makes structure transition from phase separation to partial compatibility, and ultimately to full compatibility. Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bd/St within the soft and hard segments can be manipulated to influence the compatibility of the SSBR system. TEM images reveal that the transition from complete phase separation to partial compatibility, and ultimately full compatibility, can be represented by changes in the size and distribution of Bd aggregate particles, transitioning from large-sized, mixed-sized particles to uniformly small-sized particles.
Effect of whole and clarified egg yolk based extenders on post-thaw quality of bull semen
Authors: Kamusasa Prosper Takudzwa , Chatiza Fungayi Primrose , Machabango Raviro , Gororo Eddington 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Egg yolk is the cryoprotectant of choice for bull semen cryopreservation, probably due to its effectiveness, availability and lower cost compared to alternatives. Despite cryoprotective effects of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), egg yolk also contains large granular and high density materials that are known to be cytotoxic and antagonistic to sperm metabolism. This study hypothesised that removing these large molecules through centrifugation has beneficial effects on cryosurvival of frozen-thawed bull semen. Whole egg yolk (WEY) was diluted 1:3 with double-distilled water, centrifuged at 10,000 × g for 30 min at 5°C and the supernatant saved to prepare the clarified egg yolk (CEY) extenders. Thus, fresh and post thaw sperm quality parameters of six ejaculates collected weekly from each of three bulls were evaluated, and related to three levels (10%, 15%, and 20%) of CEY and one level (20%) of WEY based Tris-citrate-glycerol semen extenders. Significant differences between fresh and post thaw semen quality were observed for gross motility, progressive motility and viability, but not for morphology. A progressive and positive relationship between clarified egg yolk concentration and maintenance of in-vitro semen quality was observed. The 20% CEY and 20% WEY treatments maintained all in-vitro semen quality variables to the same extent. Thus, advantages for using clarified compared to whole egg yolk were observed. Clarification produced a clear and clean semen dose free of large granular material and other artefacts, and produced comparable results with those of whole egg yolk.
Machine learning algorithm comparison for IoT enabled Submerged Arc Welding Process monitoring
Authors: Barot Rakesh , Patel Vinay J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Traditional weld quality monitoring is replaced by IoT enabled remote automation, which reduces rejection and cost due to defective welded products. Multi-sensory based IoT enabled submerged arc wedding process monitoring helps to track live process parameters and scope for data analytics resulting in optimized weld quality. In present research article IoT enabled SAW process monitoring system is used to record process parameter with relevant weld bead characteristic and correlated for desired weld performance and quality. Process parameters of welding region is transferred to IoT enabled user-friendly mobile and computer dashboard using developed with the help of open source MQTT protocol and HIVEMQ platform. Supervised learning algorithm for weld penetration, weld bead width and reinforcement height are analysed with combination of arc current, arc voltage, wire feed rate and weld speed variations. To meet different customer requirement accuracy level of prediction is tested using optimum number of epoch to learns the patterns of input is performed for adaptive weld control strategies for given data set. Prediction of weld bead dimension are carried out using Supervised Machine Learning (SML) algorithms such as Linear regression, Random forest and Decision tree are compared from externally supplied instances to produce general hypotheses, which ca be useful for development of intelligent systems. Random forest algorithm evaluated highest level of accuracy of prediction and lowest mean absolute error for given data set of IoT enabled SAW process data set.
Projecting the Potential Distribution Areas of Lutzomyia verrucarum and Lutzomyia peruensis using MaxEnt under Climate Change and Predicting the Risk of Carrion’s Disease
Authors: Wei Xiaohui , Chang Nan , Li Ke , Wang Zihao , Guo Chenran , Liu Qiyong 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Carrion’s disease is a vector-borne disease caused by Bartonella bacilliformis. The phlebotomine sand flies Lutzomyia peruensis and Lutzomyia verrucarum are the determined illness vectors. Some climate parameters, such as precipitation and temperature have affected the development and reproduction of sand flies. In addition, other climate related factors that influence the activity of sand flies have also been included in the model. This study used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to evaluate the contribution of climate parameters, and the current and future potential geographical distributions of these two species in the world were estimated. ArcGIS 10.5 software was used to visualize the results, and R 4.2.2 software was used to select the optimal model parameters. We found that temperature seasonality and altitude contributed the most to the distribution of L. verrucarum, while isothermality and altitude contributed the most to L. peruensis. Under current climate conditions, the highly suitable areas of the two species are mainly distributed in the Andes region of South America and middle eastern Africa. Climate change of different intensities will mainly have a negative effect on the worldwide suitable areas of sand flies in the future. In addition necessary monitoring and preventive measures should be taken in high-risk areas with vectors. In addition to vectors, the population also plays an important role in the occurrence of Carrion’s disease, indicating that in areas with high population density, we should pay more attention to the prevention and control of Carrion’s disease.
A cross-sectional study exploring the relationship between Oxidative Balance Scoreand and 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2020).
Authors: Wang Rumeng , gao kun , wang lianhua , Li Lizhi , Xue mei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background The association between the Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains unclear. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk. Methods A total of 4,955 participants were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). OBS was calculated based on nutritional and lifestyle factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the association between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk. Linear relationships were examined using restricted cubic spline methods. Stratified analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results We included 4,955 participants, and the results of the multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that, when compared to the first quartile, individuals in the highest quartile of total OBS were negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42–0.83, P = 0.002), with a significant trend (P = 0.003). Lifestyle OBS and dietary OBS were also significantly negatively associated with 10-year ASCVD risk (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.12–0.27; OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63–0.98, P = 0.03), with significant decreasing trends (P for trend < 0.05). Stratified analyses revealed that race and hypertension were effect modifiers in the relationship between OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk (P for interaction < 0.05). Conclusion Our study demonstrates a negative linear relationship between higher OBS and 10-year ASCVD risk, suggesting the crucial importance of antioxidant-rich dietary and lifestyle choices in reducing ASCVD risk.
Axillary dissection versus radiotherapy in sentinel node positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of long-term recurrence and survival
Authors: Harris Christopher , Azimi Farhad , Warrier Sanjay , Eslick Guy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While select early-stage breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel node may avoid further treatment in line with ACOSOG Z-0011, the optimal treatment for ineligible patients remains unclear. The AMAROS and OTOASAR trials compared axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and axillary nodal radiotherapy (ANR) in sentinel-node positive patients. Our meta-analysis demonstrated reduced overall recurrence with ALND compared to ANR (pOR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.34-1.60, p=0.441), however this was not statistically significant. There was no difference in overall or disease-free survival. As a result, both may be appropriate treatment modalities for sentinel-node positive patients as part of an individualized treatment approach.
Poor short-term outcomes for prognostic high-risk patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia undergoing endovascular therapy
Authors: Takei Tatsuro , Kajiya Takashi , Ohura Norihiko , Tomimura Natsuko , Kamiyama Takuro , Ninomiya Toshiko , Takaoka Junichiro , Atsuchi Nobuhiko 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The prognosis of chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is poor, with an expected life expectancy of 2 or more years, which significantly influences treatment decisions. However, death may occur at the early stages of treatment for wound healing, and aggressive treatment may limit the quality of life of such patients. In patients with CLTI undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT), the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) clinical stage, male sex, older age, non-ambulatory status, low body mass index, and dialysis have been reported as predictors of mortality risk. However, most studies have not fully investigated the WIFI clinical stages as a prognostic predictor of CLTI. This study aimed to evaluate short-term prognosis and wound healing rates using the prognostic predictors (PPs) indicated above in risk-stratified patients with CLTI who underwent EVT.
Results
The patients were divided into a high-risk group (PPs ≥ 4, n = 20) and low-risk group (PPs ≤ 3, n = 41) according to the number of PPs. The mean age of the patients was 74.7 ± 1.6 years, and 42 (68.9%) were male. Among these patients, the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group had a significantly worse survival rate within one year (46.4% vs. 84.7%, log-rank p < 0.001). Fifteen patients died within one year. Of these, seven deaths were cardiovascular deaths and six were deaths from infectious diseases. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that WIfI clinical stage 4 (p = 0.043, hazard ratio [HR] = 4.85) and the male sex (p = 0.037, HR = 6.34) influenced the prognosis of this population. The high-risk group tended to have a worse wound healing rate within one year than that had by the low-risk group (55.4% vs. 83.0%, log-rank p = 0.086).
Conclusions
The assessment of short-term prognosis and wound healing rates using PPs may be useful. Discussing the results of short-term clinical outcome assessments with patients should be considered when determining their individualized treatment plans.
Hypomagnesemia, Cardiovascular disease and other adverse effects in long term users of Proton pump inhibitors.
Authors: Kitchlew Rizwana , Mansoor Hala , Farooqi Mobeen , Nasir Yamina , Shahid Mubasshar , Iqbal Javed 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have revolutionized the management of GERD and peptic ulcer disease. However, they have been misused across the globe, causing increased concerns over its safety. In our study we intend to evaluate magnesium (Mg2+) levels among the long-term PPI users in our population. Additionally we will measure the prevalence of coexisting Ischemic heart disease (IHD), osteoporosis, as well as undiagnosed renal impairment. This is the first study evaluating the PPI mediated adverse effects in our local population, in order to bridge the gaps in knowledge and encourage further exploration of the subject.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional model was followed, with convenience sampling to collect data. Subjects between 18–80 years of age, who gave their consent were included while subjects who had other potential causes of hypomagnesemia were excluded. The collected data was analysed using SPSS ’25.
Results
Our sample consisted of 203 subjects. All were using PPIs, for at least 3 months, with the majority users lying between 3–30 months of use. Omeprazole was the most used PPI with 182 (90%) of users. The number of high dose PPI being 113 (56%). Comparing magnesium levels with total daily dosage (p = 0.18) and duration of PPI use yielded insignificant results. Moreover long term PPI users reported coexisting ischemic heart disease (21.7%) and osteoporosis (4.4%). Renal impairment was identified in 4% of the subjects on testing for serum creatinine.
Conclusion
Long term PPI use is quite prevalent in our population, with majority on high dose PPI. However we could not find significant prevalence of Hypomagnesemia, IHD, osteoporosis and renal impairment among our study population. But an appreciable number had IHD. Further randomized studies may shed more light on the reality of the situation.