bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emotional ecosystems: Understanding the relationship between family interactions and anxiety among cancer caregivers
Authors: Makinde Keisha White , Benson Jacquelyn J. , Pitzer Kyle A. , Mitchell Maysara , Oliver Debra Parker , Demiris George , Washington Karla T. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Recent studies have challenged the assumption that families are invariable sources of support for cancer caregivers, noting that relationships with family members can have both positive and negative effects on caregiver well-being. This study expands upon prior literature to examine the relationship between cancer caregivers’ perceptions of the quality of their family interactions and their symptoms of anxiety.

Methods
We employed secondary analysis of baseline data from a multisite randomized clinical trial of an intervention for cancer caregivers conducted at 3 large academic palliative care clinics. We performed linear regression analyses to analyze the relationship between caregivers’ perceptions of the quality of their family interactions and their symptoms of anxiety; additional models were estimated to further characterize this relationship with the addition of relevant covariates: race, ethnicity, sex, marital/relationship status, relationship to patient, employment status, household income, and perceived social support received from friends and significant others. We also conducted a sub-analysis of data provided by caregivers who were married or partnered to examine the relationship between their perceptions of the quality of their family interactions and their symptoms of anxiety with relationship satisfaction as a covariate.

Results
Among our analytic sample (n = 244), we identified a significant negative relationship between cancer caregivers’ perceptions of the quality of their family interactions and their symptoms of anxiety; this relationship remained statistically significant with the addition of covariates. Relationship satisfaction was not found to be a statistically significant covariate in our sub-analysis of married or partnered caregivers.

Significance of results
Study results provide strong support for the development, testing, and implementation of interventions to improve family interactions as a strategy to reduce caregiver anxiety.
Religious Intolerance and the Semiotics of Secular Indeterminacy in Brazil
Authors: Hartikainen Elina Inkeri 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The functioning of the liberal order relies on the semiotic indeterminacy of its key concepts—they need to be broad enough to encompass multiple, and at times conflicting articulations—but the denotational open-endedness of these concepts also renders them particularly useful for efforts to unsettle liberal political projects. In Brazil, state institutions’ secularist commitments to retaining “religion” and its derivates as denotationally indeterminant both constrain efforts to combat Evangelical Christian “religious intolerance” against African origin religious traditions and enable Evangelical Christian graftings of the discourse of “religious intolerance” onto claims that frame the efforts to curb their attacks on religious and sexual minorities as a form of religious persecution. These effects are, however, rendered invisible by the state emphasis on the denotational open-endedness of “religious intolerance,” which obscures the different forms of enregisterment that organize the entextualization of the term in religious activist and government spaces in Brazil.
THEMIS Observations of Relativistic Electrons at the Nightside Transition Region During HILDCAA Events
Authors: Runov A. , Angelopoulos V. , Artemyev A. V. , Birn J. , Engebretson M. J. , Weygand J. M. , Xu Z. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐intensity long‐duration continuous auroral electrojet (AE) activity (HILDCAA) events are associated with intensification of relativistic electron fluxes in the inner magnetosphere. The physical mechanisms of this intensification are not well established yet. We study observations by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft in the near earth plasma sheet at radial distances of 10 Earth radii, at the transition region between tail and dipole‐like magnetic configurations, referred to as the nightside transition region (NTR), during a HILDCAA event. The observations revealed recurrent dipolarizations accompanied by plasma flow vortices, impulsive electric field enhancements, and increases in electron fluxes at energies of 100 keV up to 1 MeV. Electron pitch angle (PA) distributions at THEMIS showed field‐aligned flux enhancements at energies of 100 keV. This indicates a Fermi‐type energization. Arguably, electrons gain energy up to MeV via repetitive bouncing through the acceleration region. Energization of ions was insignificant which led to 1. We suggest that the increased ratio leads to a local increase of the Hall conductivity in the conjugate ionosphere, which causes ionospheric current intensification and strong , consistent with observations.
Quasilinear Analysis in the Source Region of Jovian Hectometric Emission Associated With Upward Electron Beams
Authors: Yoon P. H. , Menietti J. D. , Allegrini F. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Averkamp T. F. , Faden J. B. , Connerney J. E. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntense upward electron beams were measured by the Juno JADE instrument in the northern hemisphere, low‐latitude auroral zone source region. In this study we report on how these electron beams interact with plasma near and within the Jovian hectometric (HOM) emission (1 MHz 5 MHz) source region. Within the source region large upward loss cones are observed in the northern polar region at radial distances of 2Rj, magnetic latitude of . Intense, narrow electron beams ( 3 keV) are then observed, but within one second wave‐particle scattering is observed, filling the loss cone to energies 50 keV. These energies persist for several seconds before fading, leaving an empty loss cone again. The loss cone provides a free‐energy source for HOM emission resulting from the cyclotron maser instability. We use quasilinear analysis to examine the generation of HOM and the dynamics of wave‐particle interaction of the electron beams with HOM, and the generation via Landau interaction of whistler mode emission. The dynamic spectrum of the HOM emission generated by the loss‐cone electrons as well as that of the low‐frequency whistler‐mode waves generated by the up‐going electron beam can be constructed by quasilinear theory, which compare well with observation. The saturated state of the energetic electron velocity distribution function constructed via quasilinear theory also compare reasonably with observation.
Inhomogeneous Electrostatic Potentials on the Dayside Lunar Surface in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Lobes: The Role of Lunar Crustal Magnetic Fields
Authors: Kato Masahisa , Harada Yuki , Saito Yoshifumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Nishino Masaki N. , Takahashi Futoshi , Shimizu Hisayoshi , Xu Shaosui , Poppe Andrew R. , Halekas Jasper S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThough the Moon does not possess a global magnetic field like the Earth, there are localized crustal magnetic fields on the lunar surface. Because of the plasma interaction with the crustal magnetic fields, electrostatic and electromagnetic environments near magnetized regions can differ from those near non‐magnetized regions on the Moon. Previous studies observationally revealed the difference in the electrostatic potential on the lunar surface between magnetized and non‐magnetized regions of the Moon in the solar wind, which was attributed to upward electric fields formed by electron‐ion decoupling above the magnetic anomaly regions. However, these inhomogeneous distributions of surface potentials associated with lunar crustal magnetic fields remain uncharacterized in plasma regimes different from the solar wind. In this study, we use a large number of observations by Kaguya and a numerical model of photoelectrons emitted from the sunlit lunar surface to investigate the horizontal distributions of the lunar surface potential in the terrestrial magnetotail lobes. We estimate the relative surface potential variations from the measured energy shift of lunar surface photoelectrons. The results indicate that photoelectrons emitted from relatively strong crustal magnetic field regions tend to be more decelerated, suggesting more positive potentials on the magnetized surface. This implies that upward electric fields are formed by the interaction of terrestrial magnetotail plasma with the lunar crustal magnetic fields in a similar manner to the solar wind interaction with lunar crustal magnetic fields.
An Asymmetric Change in Circulation and Nitrate Transports in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Jardine J. E. , Holt J. , Wakelin S. L. , Katavouta A. , Partridge D. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Bay of Bengal is a dynamic region that experiences intense freshwater runoff, extreme meteorological events, and seasonally reversing surface currents. The region is particularly susceptible to anthropogenic climate change, driven in part by large air‐sea fluxes, persistent freshwater stratification, and low overturning rates. Predicting how this system is likely to change in the future is paramount for planning effective adaption and mitigation strategies. Using a relocatable, coupled physics‐ecosystem regional coastal ocean model (NEMO‐ERSEM), we investigate potential future changes in surface circulation and coastal nitrate pathways around the coast of the Bay of Bengal from 1980 to 2060, using a “business‐as‐usual” climate change scenario. We find that future surface currents are reduced in the northern Bay of Bengal(summer) and strengthened in the southern Bay of Bengal (fall). Coastal nitrate transports mirror this asymmetric change and decrease by as much as 14% in the northern Bay of Bengal, perpetuating a positive feedback loop whereby the northern Bay of Bengal becomes progressively fresher and more nutrient‐rich, strengthening surface stratification and increasing the risk of toxic algal blooms and eutrophication events. Conversely, in the southern Bay of Bengal, coastal nitrate transports increase by 52% that promotes localized diatom blooms despite reduced regional river runoff. This work highlights the need for more rigorous scenario testing in the region and presents new challenges for mitigating the impact of anthropogenic climate change across South Asia.
Mechanisms in Regulating the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in Exascale Earth System Model Version 2
Authors: Li Yuanpu , Chen Chih‐Chieh , Benedict James J. , Huang Kai , Richter Jadwiga H. , Bacmeister Julio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe update to the deep convection parameterization in the energy exascale Earth system model version 2 (E3SMv2) makes the simulated quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) have a shorter period than without the update when other tunable parameters the same since the update makes convection more intense but less frequent while leaving the time‐mean convective heating tendency almost unchanged. Amplitudes of momentum fluxes of parameterized gravity waves (GWs) are intensified since they are determined by the square of convective heating tendency. In addition, stronger planetary waves are simulated in E3SMv2 with the convection scheme update, partially due to the tropospheric precipitation change. Furthermore, there is evidence that planetary waves are intensified in the stratosphere due to the dissipation of enhanced parameterized GWs. These factors are found to be responsible for modulating the QBO simulated in E3SMv2.
Development of a Data‐Driven Lightning Scheme for Implementation in Global Climate Models
Authors: Verjans Vincent , Franzke Christian L. E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study proposes a new lightning scheme applicable at the global scale, predicting lightning rates from climatic variables. Using satellite lightning records spanning a period of 29 years, we apply machine learning methods to derive a functional relationship between lightning and climate reanalysis data. In particular, we design a tree‐based regression scheme, representing different lightning regimes with separate single hidden layer neural networks of low dimensionality. We apply multiple complexity constraints in the development stages, which makes our lightning scheme straightforward to implement within global climate models (GCMs). We demonstrate that, for years not used for training, our lightning scheme captures of the daily global spatio‐temporal lightning variability, which corresponds to a relative improvement compared to well‐established lightning schemes. Similarly, the scheme correlates well with lightning observations for the monthly climatology , inter‐annual variability , and latitudinal and longitudinal distributions . Most notably, the lightning scheme brings a critical improvement in representing lightning magnitude and variability in the three tropical lightning chimney regions: central Africa, the Amazon, and the Maritime Continent. We implement the lightning scheme in the Community Earth System Model to verify its stability and performance as a GCM component, and we provide detailed implementation guidelines. As an intermediate approach between high‐dimensional machine learning models and first‐order lightning parameterizations, our lightning scheme offers GCMs a straightforward and efficient tool to improve lightning simulation, which is critical for representing atmospheric chemistry and naturally ignited wildfires.
Asymmetric synthesis of stereogenic-at-iridium(III) complexes through Pd-catalyzed kinetic resolution
Authors: Chu Yun-Peng , Yue Xue-Lin , Liu De-Hai , Wang Chuanyong , Ma Jiajia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Metal-centered chirality has been recognized for over one century, and stereogenic-at-metal complexes where chirality is exclusively attributed to the metal center due to the specific coordination pattern of achiral ligands around the metal ion, has been broadly utilized in diverse areas of natural science. However, synthesis of these molecules remains constrained. Notably, while asymmetric catalysis has played a crucial role in the production of optically active organic molecules, its application to stereogenic-at-metal complexes is less straightforward. In this study, we introduce a kinetic resolution strategy employing a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction that efficiently produces optically active stereogenic-at-iridium complexes from racemic mixtures with high selectivity (achieving an s-factor of up to 133). This method enables further synthesis of complexes relevant to chiral metallodrugs and photosensitizers, underscoring the practical utility of our approach. Mechanistic studies suggest that reductive elimination is likely the turnover-limiting step over the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
Chromosome level genome assembly of ‘Wanfeng’ almond (Prunus dulcis)
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Yu Zhenfan , Liu Xingyue , Li Yong , Zeng Bin , Wang Lirong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We assembled a chromosome-level genome of Chinese native ‘Wanfeng’ almond, with a size of 288.53 Mb and a contig N50 of 30.48 Mb. Approximately 270 Mb (93.58%) of the sequences are anchored on 8 Superscaffolds, and 174.59 Mb (60.51%) of the sequences are repetitive sequences. BUSCO assessment revealed that the ‘Wanfeng’ almond genome assembly included 99.3% complete BUSCOs. A total of 24,230 protein-coding genes were annotated, and 24,033 were functional. The assembly of the ‘Wanfeng’ almond genome provides a valuable genetic resource for molecular breeding of native almonds in China.
Applying YOLOv6 as an ensemble federated learning framework to classify breast cancer pathology images
Authors: Gupta Chhaya , Gill Nasib Singh , Gulia Preeti , Alduaiji Noha , Shreyas J. , Shukla Piyush Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The most common carcinoma-related cause of death among women is breast cancer. Early detection is crucial, and the manual screening method may lead to a delayed diagnosis, which would delay treatment and put lives at risk. Mammography imaging is advised for routine screening to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage. To improve generalizability, this study examines the implementation of Federated Learning (FedL) to detect breast cancer. Its performance is compared to a centralized training technique that diagnoses breast cancer. Although FedL has been famous as a safeguarding privacy algorithm, its similarities to ensemble learning methods, such as federated averaging (FEDAvrg), still need to be thoroughly investigated. This study examines explicitly how a YOLOv6 model trained with FedL performs across several clients. A new homomorphic encryption and decryption algorithm is also proposed to retain data privacy. A novel pruned YOLOv6 model with FedL is introduced in this study to differentiate benign and malignant tissues. The model is trained on the breast cancer pathological dataset BreakHis and BUSI. The proposed model achieved a validation accuracy of 98% on BreakHis dataset and 97% on BUSI dataset. The results are compared with the VGG-19, ResNet-50, and InceptionV3 algorithms, showing that the proposed model achieved better results. The tests reveal that federated learning is feasible, as FedAvrg trains models of outstanding quality with only a few communication rounds, as shown by the results on a range of model topologies such as ResNet50, VGG-19, InceptionV3, and the proposed Ensembled FedL YOLOv6.
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) dimensions mediate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adult aggression depending on cognitive reappraisal
Authors: Barra Steffen , Machalica Paulina Klaudia , Retz-Junginger Petra , Merscher Johannes , Crombach Anselm , Retz Wolfgang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and aggressive behavior have often been demonstrated, but the mechanisms underneath these relations are yet unclear. As high levels of ACEs and aggression have been found among individuals with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD dimensions might explain this association. Moreover, maladaptive emotion regulation is common in ADHD and was associated with aggressive behavior. The present study investigated the dynamics among these constructs in a mixed sample of 287 adults. We found partially mediating effects of current ADHD on the associations of ACEs with adult aggression, especially regarding the hyperactive/impulsive dimension. Cognitive reappraisal moderated the indirect effect between hyperactivity/impulsivity and aggression, especially for females. Hence, the unfavourable dynamics found in the present study might explain the increased risk for aggressive behavior in individuals affected by both, ACEs and ADHD. Respective gender-sensitive prevention and treatment for aggressive behavior should include adequate pharmacological and psychological approaches that address ADHD core symptoms, whilst also aiming to improve emotion regulation techniques.
High sensitivity flexible strain sensor for motion monitoring based on MWCNT@MXene and silicone rubber
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Luthfi , Alfarros Zufar , Herianto Herianto , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Research on flexible strain sensors has grown rapidly and is widely applied in the fields of soft robotics, body motion detection, wearable sensors, health monitoring, and sports. In this study, MXene was successfully synthesized in powder form and combined with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to develop MWCNT@MXene conductive network-based flexible strain sensors with silicone rubber (SR) substrate. Combining MWCNTs with MXene as a conductive material has been shown to significantly improve the sensor performance, due to MXene’s high conductivity properties that strengthen the MWCNT conductive pathway, increase sensitivity, and improve sensor stability. The sensor is fabricated by a sandwich method consisting of three layers, which enables more accurate and reliable detection of strain changes. The main innovation of this research is the utilization of MWCNT@MXene as a conductive material that optimizes the performance of flexible strain sensors, overcomes the limitations of previous materials, and makes it a more effective solution for long-term applications. Furthermore, the sensor was evaluated to test its performance through sensitivity, linearity, response time, and durability tests. The results showed that the sensor exhibited excellent performance with a high sensitivity of 39.97 over a strain range of 0-100% and excellent linearity (0.99) over a strain of 0–50%. The sensor also has a fast response time of about 70 ms, it also has good stability during low (1–5%) and high (20–100%) strain cycle testing and can withstand up to 1200 loading and unloading cycles. In addition, the sensor effectively detects a wide range of body movements, including finger, wrist and knee movements. These findings show that the electromechanical properties of strain sensors are significantly improved through the use of MWCNT@MXene as a conductive material, so these sensors are considered a promising solution for applications in wearables and body motion monitoring.
A comprehensive evaluation of histopathology foundation models for ovarian cancer subtype classification
Authors: Breen Jack , Allen Katie , Zucker Kieran , Godson Lucy , Orsi Nicolas M. , Ravikumar Nishant 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Histopathology foundation models show great promise across many tasks, but analyses have been limited by arbitrary hyperparameters. We report the most rigorous single-task validation study to date, specifically in the context of ovarian carcinoma morphological subtyping. Attention-based multiple instance learning classifiers were compared using three ImageNet-pretrained encoders and fourteen foundation models, each trained with 1864 whole slide images and validated through hold-out testing and two external validations (the Transcanadian Study and OCEAN Challenge). The best-performing classifier used the H-optimus-0 foundation model, with balanced accuracies of 89%, 97%, and 74%, though UNI achieved similar results at a quarter of the computational cost. Hyperparameter tuning the classifiers improved performance by a median 1.9% balanced accuracy, with many improvements being statistically significant. Foundation models improve classification performance and may allow for clinical utility, with models providing a second opinion in challenging cases and potentially improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnoses.