bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of specific plant nucleolar phosphoproteins in a functional proteomic analysis
Authors: González‐Camacho Fernando , Medina Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe soluble fraction of nuclear proteins is a functionally significant fraction, since it has been shown that it contains ribonucleoproteins active in nuclear RNA metabolism. The aim of this work was to detect variations associated with cell proliferation, by comparing two‐dimensional proteomes obtained from the soluble fractions of onion nuclei isolated from actively proliferating root meristematic cells versus nonmeristematic root cells. In particular, we have studied the physicochemical features of the major nucleolar protein NopA100, a highly phosphorylated, nucleolin‐like protein. A total of 384 spots were quantified in meristematic nuclei, while only 209 were detected in nonmeristematic nuclei. The comparison of both proteomes resulted in the determination of specific spots for each proliferative state and those which were common to both cases. Furthermore, among these latter, we could discriminate quantitative differences. Interestingly, well‐known nucleolar proteins, such as RNA polymerase I, B23 and the nucleolin‐like protein NopA100, were significantly increased in proliferating cells. Western blots with anti‐NopA100 antibody demonstrated 26 spots in the meristematic sample. All the spots detected were clustered at 100 kDa and were distributed through an isoelectric point (pI) range of 4.3–6.6. In contrast, only seven spots were found in the extract from nonmeristematic nuclei, and the pI range was shortened to 4.8–6.1. These results indicate that the state of NopA100 phosphorylation correlates with the degree of nucleolar activity, i.e. the protein is more highly phosphorylated in cycling cells. We have also analyzed the bidimensional silver staining of the nucleolar organizing region (Ag‐NOR) pattern of the soluble nuclear fraction in order to identify plant cell phosphoproteins that are considered to be markers of proliferation. These experiments demonstrated that NopA100, the onion, nucleolin‐like protein, is an Ag‐NOR protein. In addition we found that the plant homologue of the vertebrate nucleolar phosphoprotein B23 migrated as two clusters of acidic spots, 43 and 42 kDa respectively in molecular mass. The differences between these features and those described for mammalian cells is discussed. Our results demonstrate that the use of protein fractionation procedures with functional significance and the location of candidate spots by indirect techniques are advantageous, complementary methods to random selection procedures for proteomic studies involving further mass spectrometry analysis.
Applicability of discovery science approach to determine biological effects of mobile phone radiation
Authors: Leszczynski Dariusz , Nylund Reetta , Joenväärä Sakari , Reivinen Jukka 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe argue that the use of high‐throughput screening techniques, although expensive and laborious, is justified and necessary in studies that examine biological effects of mobile phone radiation. The “case of hsp27 protein” presented here suggests that even proteins with only modestly altered (by exposure to mobile phone radiation) expression and activity might have an impact on cell physiology. However, this short communication does not attempt to present the full scientific evidence that is far too large to be presented in a single article and that is being prepared for publication in three separate research articles. Examples of the experimental evidence presented here were designed to show the flow of experimental process demonstrating that the use of high‐throughput screening techniques might help in rapid identification of the responding proteins. This, in turn, can help in speeding up of the process of determining whether these changes might affect human health.*
The defense response of germinating maize embryos against fungal infection: A proteomics approach
Authors: Campo Sonia , Carrascal Montserrat , Coca Maria , Abián Joaquin , San Segundo Blanca 
Published: January 2004

AbstractPathogen attack on plants results in numerous host‐specific biochemical responses, the activation of some of them being critical for the ability of the plant to withstand disease. We have used high‐resolution two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and mass spectrometry to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in response to fungal infection in maize embryos. Differential spots corresponding to induced or repressed proteins were apparent in silver stained 2‐DE gels of proteins extracted from sterile and fungal‐infected germinating embryos. Selected spots were subjected to tryptic digestion followed by identification using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry and nanospray ion‐trap tandem mass spectrometry. Among the proteins induced in response to infection are proteins involved in protein synthesis, or in protein folding and stabilization, as well as proteins involved in oxidative stress tolerance. Additionally, the accumulation of specific pathogenesis‐related proteins in tissues of the fungal‐infected germinating embryos was studied by 2‐DE and immunoblotting.
Common interchange standards for proteomics data: Public availability of tools and schema. Report on the Proteomic Standards Initiative Workshop, 2nd Annual HUPO Congress, Montreal, Canada, 8–11th October 2003
Authors: Orchard Sandra , Hermjakob Henning , Julian Randall K. , Runte Kai , Sherman David , Wojcik Jérôme , Zhu Weimin , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) aims to define community standards for data representation in proteomics and to facilitate data comparision, exchange and verification. To this end, a Level 1 Molecular Interaction XML data exchange format has been developed which has been accepted for publication and is freely available at the PSI website (http.//psidev.sf.net/). Several major protein interaction databases are already making data available in this format. A draft XML interchange format for mass spectrometry data has been written and is currently undergoing evaluation whilst work is ongoing to develop a proteomics data integration model, MIAPE.
Model predictive control of linear systems with nonlinear terminal control
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hua , Hu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: January 2004

AbstractIn terminal weighting based model predictive control (MPC) algorithms, the terminal weighting term is used to cover the performance cost under the terminal control for guaranteeing stability. Therefore, the terminal control is crucial in choosing the terminal weighting term and also determining/estimating the stability region. However, most of the existing MPC algorithms are developed based on linear terminal control which restricts the achievable performance and stability of MPC. For linear systems, an MPC algorithm with nonlinear terminal control is presented in this paper, where the gain of the terminal control varies with the terminal state. An offline algorithm is proposed to determine the nonlinear gains and to choose the associated terminal weighting term. It is shown that, compared with the MPC algorithms with fixed linear terminal gain, a nonlinear terminal control results in a much larger stability region, which is confirmed by a numerical example. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric constraints with polytopic sets in MPC with application to coupled tanks system
Authors: Kouvaritakis B. , Cannon M. , Karas A. , Rohal‐Ilkiv B. , Belavy C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractAsymmetric constraints have not received sufficient attention in the MPC literature, possibly due to the popularity of ellipsoidal terminal regions, which for asymmetric constraints would give conservative results. The work here adopts low‐complexity polyhedra for which invariance and feasibility under asymmetric constraints can be handled through the use of Farkas' lemma and related results. The paper embeds these results into an MPC law based on a dual mode prediction strategy and proposes algorithms for the systematic design of the polytopic terminal sets. The efficacy of the results is illustrated through application to a coupled tanks system. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite constraint set receding horizon quadratic control
Authors: Quevedo Daniel E. , Goodwin Graham C. , De Doná José A. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis contribution addresses the problem of discrete time receding horizon quadratic control for plants whose input is restricted to belong to a finite set. We also study the dynamics of the resulting closed‐loop system. Based upon the geometry of the underlying quadratic programme, a finitely parametrized expression for the control law is derived, which makes use of vector quantizers. Alternatively, the control law can be formulated by means of a polyhedral partition of the state space, which is closely connected with the partition induced when considering saturation‐like constraints. Exact analytic expressions for the partition can be developed, therefore avoiding the need for on‐line optimization. The closed‐loop system, comprising controller and plant, exhibits highly nonlinear dynamics, due to the finite set restriction. Asymptotic stability only holds for very special cases. In general, this notion is too strong. Nevertheless, ultimate boundedness of state trajectories is often achieved. Tools for determining positively invariant sets, hence ensuring ultimate boundedness, are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive control of thermal Power Plants
Authors: Aurora C. , Magni L. , Scattolini R. , Colombo P. , Pretolani F. , Villa G. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis work presents the results of a project aimed at verifying the applicability of industrial model predictive control (MPC) to thermal Power Plants. The research is motivated by the need to improve the efficiency of power plants so as to cope with the high levels of competition induced by the deregulation of the energy market. A detailed plant simulator, already used for operators training and controllers tuning, is coupled to an industrial software package implementing the dynamic matrix control algorithm. The achieved results witness the great potentialities of MPC, with respect to classical decentralized schemes, in terms of economical savings, reduction of pollutants, improved flexibility, easier tuning and better documentation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unique sugar metabolism and novel enzymes of hyperthermophilic archaea
Authors: Sakuraba Haruhiko , Goda Shuichiro , Ohshima Toshihisa 
Published: January 2004

AbstractHyperthermophiles are a group of microorganisms that have their optimum growth temperature above 80°C. More than 60 species of the hyperthermophiles have been isolated from marine and continental volcanic environments. Most hyperthermophiles belong to Archaea, the third domain of life, and are considered to be the most ancient of all extant life forms. Recent studies have revealed the presence of unusual sugar metabolic processes in hyperthermophilic archaea, for example, a modified Embden‐Meyerhof pathway, that has so far not been observed in bacteria and eucarya. Several novel enzymes, such as ADP‐dependent glucokinase, ADP‐dependent phosphofructokinase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, pyruvate : ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and ADP‐forming acetyl‐CoA synthetase, have been found to be involved in a modified Embden‐Meyerhof pathway of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. In addition, a unique mode of ATP regeneration has been postulated to exist in the pathway of P. furiosus. The metabolic design observed in this microorganism might reflect the situation at an early stage of evolution. © 2004 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 3: 281–287; 2004: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10066
Metal‐catalyzed reactions of diborons for synthesis of organoboron compounds
Authors: Ishiyama Tatsuo , Miyaura Norio 
Published: January 2004

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed borylation of alkenes, alkynes, arenes, and organic halides with B–B or H–B compounds has been developed for the synthesis of organoboron compounds from simple organic substrates. The platinum(0)‐catalyzed addition of bis(pinacolato)diboron to alkenes and alkynes provided a method for the stereoselective synthesis of cis‐bis(boryl)alkanes or cis‐bis(boryl)alkenes. The addition of diboron to 1,3‐dienes with platinum(0) complexes provided a new access to cis‐1,4‐bis(boryl)‐2‐butene derivatives, which are versatile reagents for diastereoselective allylboration of carbonyl compounds. The first one‐step procedure for the syntheses of aryl‐, vinyl‐, and allylboronates was achieved via crosscoupling reactions of diborons with aryl and 1‐alkenyl halides or triflates and allyl acetates. Direct CH borylation of arenes catalyzed by a transition metal complex was studied as an economical protocol for the synthesis of a variety of arylboron derivatives. Ir‐catalyzed CH borylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and benzylic positions of alkylarenes by bis(pinacolato)diboron or pinacolborane furnished aryl‐, heteroaryl‐, and benzylboron compounds. This article discusses the mechanisms of these reactions and their synthetic applications. © 2004 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 3: 271–280; 2004: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10068
Lessons learned from macrolide synthesis
Authors: Mulzer Johann , Martin Harry J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe highlights of three macrolide syntheses recently completed in our laboratory are described. In the epothilone B synthesis we developed the “early epoxide approach,” which resulted in the first completely stereocontrolled synthesis of this natural product. In the laulimalide synthesis our contribution was the auxiliary controlled ene‐macrocyclization and Sharpless' kinetic resolution for achieving a regioselective epoxidation of two pseudo‐enantiomorphic allylic alcohol subunits. The tartrolon B synthesis was the first to be completed. In this case, a substrate controlled aldol addition was used to assemble the entire carbon skeleton of the compound. © 2004 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 3: 258–270; 2004: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.10069
Mechanical interface conditions affect morphology and cellular activity of sclerotic bone rims forming around experimental loaded implants
Authors: Vestermark Marianne Toft , Bechtold Joan E. , Swider Pascal , Søballe Kjeld 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA characteristic bony structure found at revision surgery for failed joint replacement, and implicated as being associated with poorer subsequent implant fixation, is a sclerotic bone rim (SB rim). This study is a histomorphometric analysis of the SB rim formed around an experimental canine micro‐motion implant system under stable or unstable conditions with polyethylene (PE) particles, after 8 weeks. A point count histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine the cellular activity at the surface of the SB rim, and the morphology of the structure was determined by image analysis. A SB rim was found to form under both stable and unstable conditions, but with unstable conditions the rim was more distinct, thick, continuous, and was located near the drill hole, and had high and ongoing formative activity at both surfaces with little resorption. Under stable conditions, thinner second or third SB rims were observed. The difference in width and distance between implant and the SB rim is significant (p < 0.05), as was the difference in fraction of resorption surfaces at the SB surface facing the implant. This study observed an in vivo primary bone response to controlled stable and unstable loaded implants. Sclerosis of trabeculae in a semi‐continuous SB rim can serve to isolate the implant from the marrow space. The increases in SB rim width and continuity is consistent with the previously demonstrated knowledge that increase of total bone mass and low risk for trabeculae perforation is the consequence of low resorptive and high formative activity. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Cyclic strain influences the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) in tendon fibroblasts
Authors: Petersen Wolf , Varoga Deike , Zantop Thore , Hassenpflug Joachim , Mentlein Rolf , Pufe Thomas 
Published: January 2004

AbstractNeovascularization is involved in beneficial and detrimental processes of tendon pathology.We investigated the influence of repetitive motion on the expression of the most important angiogenic factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the 3T3 NIH fibroblast cell line and in cultures of rat Achilles tendon fibroblasts. Monolayers of subconfluently grown cells were stretched in rectangular silicone dishes with cyclic uniaxial movement. Strain was applied over 24 h varying the frequency (0.5–1 Hz).Fibroblasts (3T3 fibroblasts and rat Achilles tendon cultures) cultivated without the application of cyclic strain released measurable VEGF amounts into their culture supernatants. Cyclic stretching of the cells with a frequency of 1 Hz resulted in an increased expression of VEGF. A low frequency (0.5 Hz) reduced VEGF expression to control levels. RT PCR revealed VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 as the only splice forms that were induced by cyclic stretching. Western blot experiments could further show that cyclic stretching induced activation of the transcription factor HIF‐1α. These results demonstrate that mechanical factors are involved in the regulation of VEGF expression in tendon tissue. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
HELICON-SPIN WAVE INTERACTION IN THE MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTOR AgxCd1−xCr2Se4
Authors: Vural B. , Thomas E. E. 
Published: January 2004

The microwave transmission characteristics of the ferromagnetic semiconductor CdCr2Se4 doped with Ag have been measured as function of the applied magnetic and electric field. The results are interpreted in terms of active helicon-spin wave interactions; and the agreement between experiment and theory is found to be very good qualitatively.
It is believed that the results presented in this Letter represent the first published evidence for active helicon-spin wave interactions.
INTERPRETATION AND MECHANISM OF THE CS2–N2 LASER
Authors: Legay-Sommaire Nicole 
Published: January 2004

A new interpretation of the CS2–N2 laser lines is proposed. The lines are attributed to the 0201–1200 transition. The abnormal intensities observed for two lines are interpreted as arising from their coincidence with two lines of the 0221–1220 system.
The interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis of a vibrational transfer from N2.
ALPHA-IODIC ACID: A SOLUTION-GROWN CRYSTAL WITH A HIGH FIGURE OF MERIT FOR ACOUSTO-OPTIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Pinnow D. A. , Dixon R. W. 
Published: January 2004

The photoelastic properties of α-HIO3 have been measured and the applicability of the material for acousto-optic device applications determined. In the blue and green portions of the visible the material has the highest figure of merit, n6p2/ρv3, of any known crystal, approximately twelve times that of LiNbO3 and fifty times that of fused silica. Other desirable properties for these applications include (a) the availability of large solution-grown single crystals of high optical quality, (b) low acoustic and optic losses, and (c) the absence of ``optical damage.''
A simple acoustically driver beam deflector was also constructed to demonstrate the potential of this material. It was found that 70% of a 0.63-μ laser beam could be deflected, over a bandwidth of 55 MHz, with an electrical drive power of 265 mW, while 70% of a 0.488-μ laser beam could be deflected over the same bandwidth with 94 mW of electrical power.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF R
HS IN ALUMINUM-IMPLANTED LAYER IN n-TYPE SINGLE CRYSTAL SILICON
Authors: Itoh Tadatsugu , Inada Taroh , Ishiki Masao , Menabe Kenshi 
Published: January 2004

The effect of subsequent annealing treatment on electrical properties of aluminum-implanted silicon was studied by means of Hall-effect and sheet-resistivity measurements. Implanted silicon samples were annealed under various schedules, for example, isochronal annealing for 20 min, isothermal annealing at 800°C, etc. A sign conversion of ``sheet Hall coefficient (RHS)'' in the implanted layer of ``over annealed'' sample was observed below room temperature. However, hot probe measurements on the same sample showed the existence of p-type layer, and the photo voltaic effect was also observed indicating that p-n junction existed.
We have tentatively attempted to explain that these anomalous electrical properties were due to precipitation of implanted aluminum atoms along crystal imperfections.
The development of children's early numeracy through key stage 1
Authors: Aubrey Carol , Godfrey Ray 
Published: January 2004

Abstract This paper describes a limited longitudinal study of young children's early numeracy development within three testing cycles, at the mid‐point and towards the end of their reception year (at five years‐of‐age) and again at the mid‐point of Year 1 (at six years‐of‐age), located within the broader context of progress through to Key Stage 1 SAT results (at seven years). Assessment was carried out using the Utrecht Early Mathematical Competence Test (Van Luit et al., 1994). This comprised eight sub‐topics, five items in each, including comparison, classification, correspondence, seriation, counting, calculation and real‐life number problem solving. Broadly, one set of sub‐tests related to understanding of relations in shape, size, quantity and order, whilst a second set of sub‐tests related to basic arithmetic. Three hundred pupils were selected from twenty‐one schools, large and small, from rural and urban areas, with high and low concentrations of children eligible for free school meals and/or with special educational needs, as well as representing a broad range of achievements levels based on standards assessment tasks. Whilst this paper focuses upon the performance of English pupils, reference is also made to the larger European sample which involved children from Flemish‐speaking Belgium, Germany, Greece, Slovenia and the Netherlands.Results showed that children's total scores at around the mid‐point of reception year were indeed predictive of later achievement at the end of KS1 though the combined scores over three testing cycles which extended to the mid‐point of Year 1, were more so. Discriminant analysis confirmed that a combination of a counting sub‐test (one seemed sufficient) and a sub‐test focusing on understanding of relations in shape, size, order or quantity (a different one at each testing cycle), together with the general number knowledge sub‐test was best predictive of final SAT levels.Comparison with the international data set suggested a different trajectory for English pupils, with more of a bias towards arithmetic sub‐tests than their European counterparts who start school later. Moreover, the pattern of dependence of scores on age in which no advantage was found in including any national differences was especially interesting. These findings are discussed within the context of different school start ages and traditions of preparation for formal schooling. Perhaps what emerged most strongly is the need for young English pupils to maintain a broad and balanced early mathematics curriculum, which places appropriate emphasis on practical problem solving.