bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of HBV serological status on HIV virological efficacy of two‐drug antiretroviral regimens: A retrospective observational study on virologically suppressed people with HIV switching to lamivudine/dolutegravir
Authors: Salvo Pierluigi Francesco , Ciccullo Arturo , Visconti Elena , Lombardi Francesca , Torti Carlo , Di Giambenedetto Simona , Baldin Gianmaria 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the HIV virological efficacy of two‐drug regimens (2DR) with lamivudine (3TC) and dolutegravir (DTG) in people with HIV (PWH), classified by their hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological status. Specifically, it explored whether isolated anti‐hepatitis B core (anti‐HBc) positivity impacts virological outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, enrolling 606 virologically suppressed (HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/mL) PWH who switched to a 2DR regimen with 3TC/DTG. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their HBV serological status: hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb)‐positive/hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)‐positive, HBsAb‐negative/HBcAb‐negative, HBsAb‐positive/HBcAb‐negative, and isolated HBcAb positivity. Viral failure (VF) was defined as two consecutive HIV viral loads above 50 copies/mL or a single HIV viral load above 1000 copies/mL, and viral blips (VBs) as a single HIV‐RNA measurement between 50 and 200 copies/mL followed by suppression.ResultsDuring 2216.4 patient‐years of follow‐up (PYFU), we observed 30 VFs (1.3 per 100 PYFU) and 63 VBs (2.9 per 100 PYFU). No statistically significant differences in VF or VB were noted between the serological groups. Additionally, no significant alanine aminotransferase (ALT) flares or HBV‐DNA breakthroughs were observed, with HBV‐DNA remaining undetectable throughout.ConclusionsThe study supports the virological efficacy of 3TC/DTG‐based 2DR in PWH, regardless of HBV serological status. Isolated anti‐HBc positivity did not influence virological outcomes independently. Larger studies are warranted to further investigate HIV–HBV interactions in this context.
The risk of osteonecrosis after apical patency during antiresorptive therapy in an animal model
Authors: Lopes Clara de Figueiredo , Pinto Karem Paula , Ferreira Claudio Malizia Alves , de Souza Jenif Braga , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Alves Adriana Terezinha Neves Novellino , Souza Erick M. , Sassone Luciana Moura , da Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether performing apical patency (AP) poses a risk for the development of osteonecrosis in rats treated with the antiresorptive drugs Zoledronic Acid (ZA) or Denosumab (DMAB).MethodologyForty‐two male Wistar rats were divided into six groups according to the medication administered and whether apical patency was performed (n = 7): ZA, ZA‐AP, DMAB, DMAB‐AP, and the control groups CON and CON‐AP. The ZA and ZA‐AP groups received 0.125 mg/kg of ZA, while the DMAB and DMAB‐AP groups received 0.25 mg/kg of DMAB, both administered via intraperitoneal injection twice a week for 4 weeks. One week after completing drug administration, endodontic access was performed on the distal occlusal fossa of the lower left first molars in all animals. AP was carried out in the distal canal of the ZA‐AP, DMAB‐AP, and CON‐AP groups using a size 10 K‐file with the aid of an electronic apex locator, extending beyond the apical foramen. In the other groups, the file was inserted up short of apex as determined by electronic apex locator measurement. Coronal sealing was performed and after 21 days, the animals were euthanized, and visual analysis, micro‐CT, and histopathological assessments were conducted to evaluate the presence or absence of osteonecrosis. Statistical analysis was performed using frequency statistics and a GLM multivariate ANOVA model followed by Tukey's test with significance at p < .05.ResultsNone of the animals exhibited bone exposure or other clinical signs associated with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw. No cortical bone destruction, periosteal reaction, or bone sequestration was observed in the micro‐CT or histopathological assessments. Medication significantly influenced some micro‐CT parameters (p < .05), while the apical patency alone did not (p > .05). When interacting with medication*apical patency, the ZA‐AP group showed a significantly lower percentage of bone volume and bone mineral density compared to the ZA group, a tendency not observed in DMAB groups (p < .05).ConclusionsApical patency in rats treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab did not cause osteonecrosis of the jaw, only micro‐CT changes in bone microarchitecture that cannot be linked to osteonecrosis in zoledronic acid treated animals.
Core‐shell architectures: Tailoring the electromagnetic properties for enhanced absorption
Authors: Shao Chenyang , Yang Jie , Huang Yujia , Xing Yan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs wireless communication technology advances, the risks of electromagnetic (EM) pollution to both electrical infrastructure and human health are escalating. EM absorbers stand out as a superior solution for their ability to effectively absorb and attenuate EM waves. In the quest for optimal EM absorption capabilities, the innovative application of microstructural geometrical effects breathes fresh life into the evolution of EM absorbers. The incorporation of a core‐shell structure markedly amplifies the performance of EM wave absorption by synergizing various mechanisms, including geometrical influences, interfacial polarization, electronic conduction, and the coupling of magnetic and dielectric properties. This review meticulously reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in core‐shell structured EM absorbing materials, highlighting materials such as metals, carbon, and high‐entropy materials. Subsequently, the key strategies for performance tailoring such as material selection, crystal defects, and geometrical morphology are consequently introduced. Furthermore, the discussion culminates in a comprehensive overview of the core‐shell structured EM absorbers, offering an in‐depth analysis and a forward‐looking perspective on their prospective applications in the future landscape of technology.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Underrepresentation of Women on Green Occupational Programmes Groups Within VET in Spain: A New Leaking Pipeline Phenomenon
Authors: Moso‐Diez Mónica , Mondaca‐Soto Antonio , Gamboa Juan P. , García‐Blázquez Itziar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe “leaky pipeline” metaphor describes the greater likelihood of women and girls leaving Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields at every point, relative to men and boys. Gender disparities occur both in recruitment—that is, who chooses to enter a STEM pathway—as well as retention—that is, who chooses to persist in a STEM major or occupation. In addition, women who persist in STEM careers are less likely than men to reach top levels of leadership in those careers. The “leaky pipeline” metaphor describes the greater likelihood of women and girls to leave STEM fields at every point, relative to men and boys. Gender disparities occur both in recruitment—that is, who chooses to enter a STEM pathway—as well as retention—that is, who chooses to persist in a STEM major or occupation. In addition, women who persist in STEM careers are less likely than men to reach top levels of leadership in those careers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the representation of women in green occupational groups, studying both their attraction to “green vocational education and training programmes” and their completion as well as their transition to the labour market. It is important to note that green vocational programmes are closely related to STEM vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this sense, it is relevant to analyse whether the gender “leaking pipeline” phenomenon exists in green training programmes and occupational groups in the same way it does in STEM occupations. The quantitative breakdown by occupational group highlights a clear gender gap in female participation in GREEN VET programmes. Moreover, when women from green occupational groups enter the labour market, their employment conditions are systematically worse than those of men. It is worth noting the scarcity of studies on this issue, particularly quantitative ones, which indicates the limited scientific attention paid to analysing the gender gap in green vocational programmes and occupational groups.
Global perspectives to enhance strategies for advancing women in healthcare and STEMM leadership
Authors: Borger Jessica G , Longley Rhea J , Taylor Megan F , Motrich Ruben , Payne Jennifer AE , Kemp Roslyn A 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe discourse surrounding gender equity has intensified recently, amplified by the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the critical underrepresentation of women in leadership roles across various sectors including the media and healthcare. In medical research, this disparity is particularly pronounced, with women often excluded from senior positions despite their substantial presence in the workforce. This review seeks to explore the multifaceted issue of gender inequity in medical research leadership, examining the systemic barriers that women face, the socioeconomic factors that compound these challenges and the global variations in leadership representation of women. Diverse leadership teams are essential for fostering medical innovation, improving patient outcomes and ensuring that clinical trials and medical research are effective, inclusive and representative. The underrepresentation of women in leadership roles is not merely a matter of gender bias; it is intricately linked to socioeconomic factors that hinder their advancement. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds face additional obstacles, such as limited access to education and professional networks, which further exacerbate their underrepresentation in leadership positions. Moreover, cultural and societal norms play a significant role in shaping the career trajectories of women. As a group of immunologists, including representatives of the International Union of Immunological Sciences (IUIS) Gender Equity Committee, we review the causes of these inequities. We examine the impact of gender‐diverse leadership on pre‐clinical and medical research, emphasizing the need for inclusive leadership to drive progress in medical research and resulting healthcare. Finally, the review proposes strategies for improving gender equity in medical research leadership, including policy changes, organizational initiatives and societal shifts. By addressing these critical issues, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts to promote gender equity in medical research, ultimately enhancing the quality and inclusiveness of scientific inquiry and its impact on healthcare delivery.
Iron optimisation in pregnancy: a Haematology in Obstetric and Women's Health Collaborative consensus statement
Authors: Clarke Lisa , Froessler Bernd , Tang Catherine , King Kylie , Ross Bryony , Kidson‐Gerber Giselle , Dugan Cory , Townsend Lynn , Uppal Talat , Baxter Laura , Cook Shab , Cutts Briony , Eslick Renee , Farrell Elizabeth , Grzeskowiak Luke , Hamad Nada 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnaemia is a well‐recognised and widely accepted consequence of iron deficiency (ID); however, the two diagnoses are not synonymous with the effects of ID occurring long before the development of anaemia. In adults, ID can cause physical and neuropsychological symptoms, including lethargy, altered mood and poor concentration, reducing an individual's quality of life. Foetal and neonatal ID has been associated with impaired neurocognitive development with lasting effects despite iron replacement in early life. Obstetric ID is common, affecting up to 70% of Australian pregnancies. The impact, at both an individual and a population level, remains underappreciated and consensus on the identification and management of obstetric ID is lacking. This consensus statement was developed by the Haematology in Obstetrics and Women's Health (HOW) Collaborative and utilised the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to evaluate evidence and strength of recommendations. Recommendations are as follows: (i) Routine ferritin screening should be performed in all pregnant women (GRADE 1C) at booking and 24–28 weeks. Repeat testing should be performed at 36 weeks if clinically indicated or if the woman is previously unscreened. (ii) ID in pregnancy should be defined as a ferritin level <30 μg/L (GRADE 1D). (iii) An appropriate oral iron formulation should be offered as first‐line therapy for obstetric ID (GRADE 1B). (iv) Alternate‐day oral dosing can be considered to limit side effects in women with obstetric ID (GRADE 2B). (v) Intravenous iron should be offered to women with ID/ID anaemia who are intolerant of or refractory to oral iron or in the third trimester (GRADE 1B).
Measuring variations in healthcare data using run charts and statistical process control charts: a survey of general physicians attending the quality improvement workshop
Authors: Aung Ar Kar , Mertin Helen , Wong Alex , Johnson Douglas F. , Lee Jennifer Inhae 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGeneral physicians as system leaders play a significant role in quality improvement (QI) initiatives within respective health services. However, there are very few formal QI training programmes available for general physicians in Australia. This survey described the experiences of attendees at the 2024 Internal Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand QI workshop, which delivered topics on understanding variations in healthcare data using QI tools such as run charts and statistical process control (Shewhart) charts.
X‐Ray Crystallography Based Epitope Mapping of Glycoproteins and RNA in Chandipura Vesiculovirus for Vaccine Design
Authors: Lakra Aron Rodrick 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates potential epitopes in the glycoprotein and RNA of Chandipura vesiculovirus (CHPV) using MHC Class I (HLA‐A0201) and MHC Class II (DRB1_0101) molecules with 3D structures derived from x‐ray crystallography. Computationally derived peptides were mapped and subjected to in silico docking, revealing promising targets for CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells. Key factors analysed include solvent accessible surface area (SASA), Debye‐Waller factor (B‐factor), and polar bond interactions. Post‐docking, removal of N‐acetylglucosamine (NAG) increased peptide stability and reduced B‐factors, while SO4 presence had minimal impact. SASA values increased by up to 237.5% with MHC Class I, and RNA docking with MHC Class II displayed mixed SASA changes. Polar bond interactions also increased post‐docking, indicating the strong potential of identified CHPV epitopes.
Targeting Bottlenecks in Malaria Transmission: Antibody‐Epitope Descriptions Guide the Design of Next‐Generation Biomedical Interventions
Authors: Yoo Randy , Jore Matthijs M. , Julien Jean‐Philippe 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMalaria continues to pose a significant burden to global health. Thus, a strong need exists for the development of a diverse panel of intervention strategies and modalities to combat malaria and achieve elimination and eradication goals. Deploying interventions that target bottlenecks in the transmission life cycle of the causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium parasites, is an attractive strategy. The development of highly potent antibody‐based biologics, including vaccines, can be greatly facilitated by an in‐depth molecular understanding of antibody‐epitope interactions. Here, we provide an overview of structurally characterized antibodies targeting lead vaccine candidates expressed during the bottlenecks of the Plasmodium life cycle which include the pre‐erythrocytic and sexual stages. The repeat region of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP), domain 1 of Pfs230 and domains 1 and 3 of Pfs48/45 are critical Plasmodium regions targeted by the most potent antibodies at the two bottlenecks of transmission, with other promising targets emerging and requiring further characterization.
Inferring Causal Relationships for Lifetime Reproductive Traits and Modelling Latent Reproductive Performance Variable in Murciano‐Granadina Goats
Authors: Mokhtari Morteza , Esmailizadeh Ali , Momen Mehdi , Tian Rugang , Tian Jing , Zhao Meng , Wang Xiao , Li Hui , Li Yuan , Bagheripour Alireza , Mohebbinejad Ehsan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated the application of structural equation models for genetic analysis of lifetime reproductive traits and latent variable modelling in the Murciano‐Granadina goat breed. In the current investigation, data collected between 2016 and 2023 in a private dairy farm of the Murciano‐Granadina goat breed in Ghale‐Ganj city, located in the southern area of Kerman Iranian province were used. The investigated lifetime reproductive traits included overall litter size at birth (OLSB), overall litter size at weaning (OLSW), overall litter weight at birth (OLWB), and overall litter weight at weaning (OLWW). Four multivariate animal models, including standard (SMM), Inductive Causation algorithm‐based structural equation (ICM), ICM with biological modification (ICM‐BM), and fully recursive (FRM) models were fitted on the data and compared in terms of predictive ability measures including mean squared prediction error (MSE) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted values (r(y, )) of records. ICM‐BM performed better than other models in terms of the lowest MSE and the highest r(y, ). Under ICM‐BM, heritability estimates were low values of 0.08, 0.08, 0.11, and 0.10 for OLSB, OLSW, OLWB, and OLWW, respectively. Genetic correlations among lifetime reproductive traits were positive and varied from 0.72 (OLSB‐OLWW) to 0.95 (OLSB‐OLWB). The confirmatory factor analysis technique was used to construct a latent variable named reproductive performance (RP) from the investigated lifetime reproductive traits. The posterior mean for heritability of RP was estimated at 0.06. The genetic correlations between RP and the investigated lifetime reproductive traits were high and positive, ranging from 0.92 (RP‐OLSB) to 0.99 (RP‐OLSW). The corresponding phenotypic correlations were also high and positive, ranging from 0.81 (RP‐OLWB) to 0.95 (RP‐OLSW). Considering causal structure among the traits detected via ICM‐BM had more advantages for genetic evaluation of the lifetime reproductive traits in the Murciano‐Granadina goat compared with SMM. The low heritability estimates implied that the studied lifetime reproductive traits and RP were mainly controlled by non‐additive genetic and environmental effects which limits the efficiency of direct genetic selection for improving these traits. Furthermore, positive genetic and phenotypic correlations favoured using RP latent variable for breeding purposes.
Measuring Saudi Arabian Students' Engagement in Synchronous Online Learning of Chinese as a Foreign Language
Authors: Sun Peijian Paul , Ren Zeqi , Zhao Xian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudent engagement has been conceptualised and operationalised in various learning environments. However, there is currently a lack of established scales to measure student engagement in synchronous online learning. One possible reason is the existence of the conceptual and structural ambiguity regarding student engagement.ObjectiveWith its context situated in Saudi Arabian students' synchronous online learning of Chinese as a foreign language (L2 Chinese), this study attempts to find out the best representation and measure of synchronous online engagement based on four competing statistical modelling methods, including confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM), bi‐factor CFA (B‐CFA) and bi‐factor ESEM (B‐ESEM).MethodsA total of 167 Saudi Arabian students voluntarily participated in this online questionnaire‐based study. A 19‐item online questionnaire was adaptively developed to measure students' engagement in synchronous online learning of L2 Chinese from behavioural, cognitive, affective and social dimensions. CFA, ESEM, B‐CFA and B‐ESEM were employed to determine the optimal structure model for representing students' synchronous online engagement in L2 Chinese learning.Results and ConclusionThe results revealed that the B‐ESEM model was the best structure model for both measuring and accounting for the generality and specificity of students' engagement in synchronous online learning of L2 Chinese. More specifically, student online engagement was found to be a general unity with four distinctive subdimensions including behavioural, cognitive, affective and social engagement. This study not only reconciles the construct inconsistency of student engagement in the literature from the synchronous online learning perspective but also provides an optimal representation for measuring students' synchronous online engagement in L2 learning.
A Machine Learning Algorithm‐Based Approach (MaxEnt) for Predicting Habitat Suitability of Formica rufa
Authors: Özcan Gonca Ece , Ünel Eda , Sivrikaya Fatih 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMachine learning techniques are quite effective for simulating species habitat appropriateness. Species distribution models are statistical algorithms founded on the ecological niche idea. These models estimate the association between existing species records and the environmental and spatial characteristics of the habitat. From 2022 to 2023, a field survey was conducted in the Kastamonu Forest Enterprise, resulting in the identification of 267 active Formica rufa nests. The habitat preferences of F.rufa were assessed based on factors such as stand characteristics, topography and climatic variables. MaxEnt, a prevalent machine learning technique for predicting species habitat suitability, was employed in the habitat suitability modelling of F. rufa. 30 distinct variables were employed in the modelling process. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis examined model accuracy. AUC was 0.941 for training data and 0.946 for test data. With 39.5% of the model, the development stage is the most important variable for F. rufa habitat selection. The development stage, productivity and temperature annual range (BIO7) variables make up 75.1% of the model. The habitat suitability map shows that 79% of F. rufa nests are in moderately and highly appropriate areas. The F. rufa group, widely prevalent in northern hemisphere forests, significantly impacts forest ecosystems and is recognised as the foremost bioindicator species within these environments. Determining the elements that affect habitat selection by these species is essential for their conservation and management.