bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi produce outer membrane vesicles (OMV) that are associated with the cytotoxic effect in rainbow trout head kidney macrophages
Authors: Echeverría‐Bugueño Macarena , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTenacibaculum dicentrarchi is the second most important pathogen in Chilean salmon farming. This microorganism causes severe skin lesions on the body surface of farmed fish. The bacterium can also adhere to surfaces and form biofilm, survive in fish skin mucus, and possess different systems for iron acquisition. However, the virulence mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are nanostructures released by pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria during growth, but none has been described yet for T. dicentrarchi. In this study, we provide the first reported evidence of the fish pathogen T. dicentrarchi producing and releasing OMV from 24 h after incubation, increasing thereafter until 120 h. Analyses were conducted with T. dicentrarchi TdCh05, QCR29, and the type strain CECT 7612T. The OMV sizes, determined via scanning electron microscopy, ranged from 82.25 nm to 396.88 nm as per the strain and incubation time point (i.e., 24 to 120 h). SDS‐PAGE revealed that the number of protein bands evidenced a drastically downward trend among the T. dicentrarchi strains. In turn, the OMV shared five proteins (i.e., 22.2, 31.9, 47.7, 56.3, and 107.1 kDa), but no protein pattern was identical. A heterogeneous amount of protein, RNA, and DNA were obtained, depending on the time at which OMV were extracted. Purified OMV were biologically active and induced a cytotoxic effect in macrophage‐enriched cell cultures from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) head kidneys. This is the first step towards understanding the role that OMV could play in the pathogenesis of T. dicentrarchi.
Fatty Acid Composition of Total Lipids in Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar L. Parr and Smolts Reared in Aquaculture at Various Lighting Regimes
Authors: Provotorov D. S. , Murzina S. A. , Voronin V. P. , Kuritsyn A.E. , Nemova N. N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Continuous artificial lighting (24LD) was introduced experimentally in the standard technology to grow salmon juveniles in a southern region (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania) and its effect on fatty acid (FA) composition of total lipids in muscles and the liver was assessed in parr and smolts of the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. Changes in the key FA were observed in the FA spectrum of fish, indicating that smoltification was complete and that smolts were ready for new habitat conditions. Thus the content of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) significantly increased as a result of an increase in (n-3) PUFAs, and, in particular, marine-type 22:6(n-3), and high values were observed for (n-3)/(n-6) and 22:6(n-3)/18:3(n-3) PUFA ratios. The most significant changes were detected in muscles. In all experimental groups, a decrease in saturated FAs (SFAs) and an increase in total lipid unsaturation was attributed primarily to PUFAs, while monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) decreased along with SFAs. The experimental data on the lipid and FA composition in salmon juveniles and a higher proportion of smolts in the test groups indicated that smoltification was the most successful in groups with continuous lighting and 24-h feeding and a natural regime of lighting and feeding.
Content of 13С and 15N Isotopes in Bone Collagen of Geographical, Age, and Sex Groups of the Ural Cave Bear (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae, Ursus (Spelaearctos) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973)
Authors: Kosintsev P. A. , Konovalova K. Yu. , Simonova G. V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Data on the content of 13C and 15N isotopes in the collagen of bones of the Ural cave bear (Ursus (S.) kanivetz Verestchagin, 1973) from the North and Middle Urals were analyzed. The bones date from the first half of MIS 3. The bones of newborn individuals, individuals aged 1 year, males and females aged 2, 3, and 4 years, and older than 4 years were studied. Differences in δ13С values between age, sex, and geographical samples are not significant. With age, the value of δ15N significantly decreases, which is associated with weaning from milk nutrition to independent nutrition. The proportion of meat food in the diet of adult bears in the Middle Urals was higher than in the diet of adult bears in the North Urals. There are no noticeable differences in isotope signatures between males and females of different ages. The large cave bears of the Urals and Europe had a similar type of diet.
Hidden risk of gadolinium-based contrast agents during interventional pain medicine procedures: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Hallo-Carrasco Alejandro , Eldrige Jason , Provenzano David Anthony , Gonzalez-Estrada Alexei , Abdel-Latif Tesneem , Klasova Johana , Furtado-Pessoa-de-Mendonca Laura , Yan Dan , Hunt Christine 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionEpidural steroid injections and epidural blood patches commonly involve the injection of a small amount of radiocontrast media under fluoroscopy to properly identify the target tissue or anatomic space and prevent off-target or intravascular delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic drugs. Iodinated low osmolar non-ionic contrast media is the standard preparation used as it is considered safe and cost-effective, but gadolinium-based preparations have been used as an alternative for patients with an ‘iodine’-related or radiocontrast media allergy label to prevent hypersensitivity reactions. The risk of neurotoxic events when gadolinium is inadvertently injected into the intrathecal space has been reported in recent years, raising concerns when gadolinium-based contrast media is used in lieu of iodinated low osmolar non-ionic contrast media.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients who received gadolinium-based contrast media for procedures with risk of inadvertent intrathecal access from January 1, 2019 to May 1, 2022. Information on patient demographics, allergy label information, and procedure description was documented for all patients who receivedgadolinium-based contrast media for axial spine procedures (including epidural steroid injections, epidural blood patch procedures, and selective nerve root blocks), and all side effects reported within 1 month of the procedure were recorded. Saved fluoroscopy images of all procedures for which there was concern for possible gadolinium-based contrast media-related side effect were reviewed for evidence of inadvertent intrathecal gadolinium-based contrast media administration. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using REDCap and IBM SPSS Statistics V.28.ResultsWe identified 508 patients who received gadolinium-based contrast media during a fluoroscopically guided axial spine procedure. These patients underwent 697 epidural procedures and 23 patients were identified as experiencing an adverse event that could be consistent with possible, probable, or clear signs of exposure to intrathecal gadolinium. Our calculated adverse event rate was 3.3%. Ten patients required additional medical evaluation or treatment.DiscussionAlmost all patients in our cohort had an allergy label on their chart that guided the provider to switch to gadolinium-based contrast media, but most were incomplete, ill-defined, or related to allergy to iodine but not iodinated contrast media. Such practice is not recommended based on current guidelines. The current study raises concern regarding the use of gadolinium-based contrast media in axial spine procedures, with the risk of potential severe adverse events, without evidence-based need for avoiding iodinated contrast media.
Changes in needle maneuver space and optimal insertion site for midline neuraxial puncture with progressive age: an analysis in computed tomography scans
Authors: Hagenaars Martin , van den Dobbelsteen John J , van Gerwen Dennis J 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionWe systematically describe the morphology and accessibility of interspinous spaces across age groups of patients. Our primary goal was to objectively estimate if the maneuver space for a virtual spinal needle changes with age. Our secondary goal was to estimate if the optimal site and angle for midline neuraxial puncture change with age.MethodsMeasurements were performed in mid-sagittal CT images. The CT images were retrospectively collected from the database of the Department of Radiology of our hospital. Three age groups were studied: 21–30 years (n=36, abbreviated Y(oung)), 51–60 years (n=43, abbreviated M(iddle-aged)) and older than 80 years (n=46, abbreviated Old).A needle trajectory is defined by the chosen puncture point and by the angle at which the needle is directed to its target. We define a Spinal Accessibility Index (SAI) by numerically integrating for an interspaceall possible combinationsof puncturepointsandanglesthat lead to a successful virtual puncture. Successful in this context means that the needle tip reaches the spinal or epidural space without bone contact. Reproducible calculation of the SAI was performed with the help of custom-made software. The larger the value of the SAI, the more possible successful needle trajectories exist that the practitioner may choose from.The optimal puncture point and optimal angle in an age group at a certain level of the spine are defined by the combination of these two, which generates the highest success rate of the entire sample of this age group.ResultsAt all levels of the spine, the median SAI differed significantly between age groups (independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001–0.047). The SAI consistently decreased with increasing age. Post-hoc analyses using pairwise comparisons showed a significantly higher SAI in group Y versus Old at all levels (p<0.001—0.006) except at level thoracic (Th)1–Th2 (p=0.138). The SAI was significantly higher in group M versus Old at all levels (p<0.001–0.028) except at level Th1–Th2 (p=0.061), Th4–Th5 (p=0.083), Th9–Th10 (p=1.00) and Th10–Th11 (p=1.00).ConclusionsNeedle maneuver space in midline neuraxial puncture significantly decreases with progressive age at all levels of the spine. Optimal puncture points and angles are similar between age groups.
Mental Well-Being of AIMS Students During the Pre-Pandemic: A Case Study
Authors: Monsale Imelda , Garibay Marianne , Jasmin Patricia Camille 
Published: November 2023

Using the Qualitative method, 25 AIMS students participated, sharing their mental health perceptions, status, and recommendations through Focus Group Discussions (FGD). Demographics show participants aged 18-22, mostly male, single, and Roman Catholic, with a significant representation from maritime programs. Clinical profiles reveal varied family arrangements, active campus involvement, full study loads, and some engagement in drinking and smoking. Mental health is mostly associated with cognition, with concerns including eating habits, sleep, medical issues, anxiety, and depression. Family-related stressors are primary, leading to emotion-focused coping strategies. Physical/social activities, education, and psycho-spiritual practices are suggested for promoting mental health on campus. The findings inform the development of mental health initiatives for the institution, emphasizing holistic well-being.
The study findings indicate that mental health, as perceived by these students, predominantly revolves around cognitive aspects. Concerns encompass eating habits, sleep patterns, medical issues, anxiety, and depression. The primary stressors identified are related to family dynamics, leading students to employ emotion-focused coping strategies.
To promote mental health on campus, students recommend a multifaceted approach encompassing increased participation in physical and social activities, heightened educational efforts and awareness, and the incorporation of psycho-spiritual practices. These insights serve as a foundation for the development of tailored mental health initiatives within the institution, emphasizing the holistic well-being of AIMS students.
Islamic Political Thought and the “Constitution of Medina”
Authors: Namazi Rasoul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present inquiry is a contribution to the study of early Islamic political thought focusing on the earliest document of Islamic political doctrine, the so-called Constitution of Medina. What particularly distinguishes the procedure followed here is the attempt to establish a link between the source-critical approach to the study of early Islamic history and the historiography of Islamic political thought. This study will argue that the “Constitution of Medina,” whose authenticity is accepted even by the most skeptical scholars, can be a source for reconstructing a historically reliable understanding of early Islamic political thought. Without making a claim about the legitimacy of the source-critical approach, the objective here is to show how an unmediated study of this classic document made possible by the rise of the source-critical approach is a fruitful procedure. This will be shown through establishing a link between this unmediated approach and two of the classic issues in the thought of Muslim political thinkers: the questions of the relationship between Islam and citizenship and of the place of religious law in a Muslim political order.
Maono ya Bonde la Kilombero, Tanzania
Authors: Jackson Jonathan M. , Ching’ota Francis 
Published: November 2023

Ikisiri
Makala hii inaangazia historia ya maendeleo ya bonde la Kilombero na hasa, dira juu ya maendeleo ya bonde hili lililoko kusini-kati mwa Tanzania. Tangu kipindi cha mwanzo cha ukoloni, bonde lilisifiwa kuwa na rutuba ya kutosha na mipango mingi iliandaliwa kuitumia rutuba hiyo kwa uzalishaji mazao. Matumizi ya ardhi hii yalitarajiwa kuleta mageuzi makubwa vijijini na kuboresha maisha ya watu. Ili kuelewa vyema dhima na umuhimu wa mipango ya awali juu ya bonde la Kilombero, makala hii inaangazia historia ya maendeleo kupitia mipango ya siku za nyuma ili kuona namna mipango hiyo ilivyosaidia maendeleo ya sasa na siku zijazo. Dhamira kuu nne za historia ya maendeleo zimeainishwa na kujadiliwa. Dhamira hizo ni: uimarishaji wa kilimo; udhibiti wa ikolojia; miundombinu; na makazi. Makala hii inaleta mtazamo mpya kuhusu Kilombero, lakini mtazamo huo unaweza kutumiwa katika historia ya maendeleo ya mahali popote nchini Tanzania.
Understanding Environmental Destruction as a Human Rights Violation
Authors: Kivinge Ivan B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The environment is very important for the integrity of human personhood because humans are living beings in the world. Pope Francis refers to the world as our common home since it hosts human beings and other creatures. However, despite its importance to human life, the environment undergoes constant destruction through various human activities; and environmental degradation has implications that cut across individual human and collective rights. The right to life which allows humans to exercise other rights is under attack since life is supported by the environment as it provides life’s necessities including food, water and fresh air. Since efforts to seek concrete solutions to the environmental challenges have proven ineffective, the approach here combines the normative pursuit of moral justifications for claiming certain goods as fundamental human rights with the practical pursuit of procedural and institutional mechanisms to yield realisable solutions.
Rehearsing Genealogies of Violence
Authors: Laizer Neema Eliphas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Frank Coates’s contemporary popular romance novel, Tears of the Maasai (2004) is an excellent terrain to explore the trials of violence sustained through the imposed cartography, disease, and cultural exoticization of the Maasai resulting from contacts between the African Savanna and nineteenth century British colonialism. Mary-Louise Pratt’s concept of ‘contact zones’ illuminates the abuses endemic to these asymmetrical British-Maasai encounters, exhibiting how colonial stereotypes continue to infuse contemporary literary representations of ‘Maasainess’. Using Rob Nixon’s concept of ‘slow violence’ I demonstrate the ways in which the damage first imposed through the Maasai-British colonial contacts gets sustained today, as is evident in the grammar through which ‘Maasainess’ continues to be narrated, contributing to the contemporary predicaments of the Maasai. Thus I argue that the continuation of slow violence is perpetuated and enhanced through today’s exoticization, cultural tourism and appropriation.
Reference intervals of complete blood count and coagulation tests in Vietnamese pregnant women
Authors: Pham Huan Nguyen , Huynh Nghiem Xuan , Pham Phuc Nguyen Huu , Dang Dung Ngoc Yen , Cao Long Thang , Huynh Diem Minh , Thoi Hau Thi Thu , Le Oanh Hoang , Beaupha Suzanne Monivong Cheanh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy has major effects that make hematology parameters outside of normal reference ranges. Therefore, we conducted this study to establish reference intervals for Vietnamese pregnant women.

Methods
From June 2023 to Augst 2023, blood samples from 879 eligible pregnant women were run on DxH 900 hematology analyzer and ACL TOP 550 coagulation analyzer. The tested parameters are prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), RBC distribution width (RDW), RBC distribution width standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV). A non-parametric method was used to establish the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference intervals.

Results
PT, APTT decrease but fibrinogen increases during pregnancy. Physiological adaptations of pregnancy result in a decrease in RBC count, but an increase in WBC count and no changes in platelet count. The reference intervals for PT (seconds), APTT (seconds), fibrinogen (mg/dL), in the first trimester were 10.30–12.88, 25.40–35.46, 280.28–559.00, in the second trimester were 9.80–11.66, 24.05–33.23, 347.75–593.35, in the third trimester were 9.60–11.40, 23.40–31.80, 330.28–628.56, respectively. The reference intervals for main hematology parameters which are WBC (× 109/L), RBC (× 1012/L), HGB (g/dL), HCT (%), PLT (× 109/L) in the first trimester were 6.33–15.24, 3.73–5.32, 10.33–13.95, 32.22–42.29, 169.66–413.88, in the second trimester were 6.99–15.55, 3.33–4.98, 9.71–13.17, 30.26–40.07, 172.34–372.19, in the third trimester were 6.22–14.14, 3.54–4.98, 9.80–13.97, 31.11–42.70, 151.30–417.14, respectively.

Conclusions
Most established referenced intervals from each trimester differ from other trimesters. These trimester-specific reference ranges for Vietnamese pregnant women will aid clinicians in entepreting parameters and help other laboratories adopt these ranges after validating.

Trial registration
This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05929326.
Health effects and externalities of the popularization of sanitary toilets: evidence from Rural China
Authors: Gu Yingwen , Zhou Wanli , Zheng Tan , Huang Fang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the impact of the increased prevalence of sanitary toilets in rural areas on the health of rural residents, and whether the popularity thereof has a positive externality. This study investigates whether the broader use of sanitary toilets has had a positive effect on the health of people who do not have access to them.

Methods
Data from the China Family Panel Studies from 2012 to 2014 and a two-way fixed effect model were used to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of village sanitary toilets and the health of rural residents of all ages.

Results
The results showed that: (1) the increase in the prevalence of sanitary toilets in villages is conducive to improving the health level of rural residents; (2) the widespread adoption of sanitary toilets in rural areas has improved the health of not only residents with access to these toilets but also residents without access; (3) the health of children is more sensitive to improvements in sanitary conditions of toilets; and (4) there are significant regional differences in the impact of the popularity of sanitary toilets on the health of rural residents.

Conclusions
This study found that the popularity of sanitary toilets has externalities, improving not only the health of residents who use them but also the health of other residents. This study enriches the literature in the field of health effects of sanitation improvement, while providing a reference for developing countries to further enhance the living environment in rural areas. In the future, the popularization of sanitary toilets should be vigorously promoted to reduce the incidence of diseases.
Do Modic changes contribute to lumbar instability or other way around? A retrospective study based on their types, extents, and affected lumbar segments
Authors: Mu Xiaoping , Deng Hansheng , Wei Xiaodong , Wei Jianxun , Caggiari Gianfilippo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Which types of Modic changes (MCs) and whether or how specific factors associated to MCs work on lumbar instability have yet to be well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of the types of MCs, the extent of MCs lesion involvement, and different lumbar levels involved by MCs on lumbar instability.

Methods
This retrospective study included 263 adult subjects with MCs who underwent lumbar X-ray examinations in the neutral, flexion, and extension positions. All patients who met our inclusion criteria were examined with 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance units. Two experienced authors with more than three-year clinical experience independently evaluated and measured the subjects’ radiographic images. The subgroup analysis was performed to detect the differences in subjects’ baseline characteristics and lumbar segmental motions among three types of MCs, the extent of MCs lesion involvement and different lumbar levels involved by MCs.

Results
There was a statistical difference in body mass index (BMI) between different involvement extent of MCs (p < 0.01), indicating that the subjects with high BMI are more likely to develop severe MCs. The subjects with Modic type 1 change (MC1) had a significant increase in lumbar angular motion than those with Modic type 2 change (MC2) and Modic type 3 change (MC3) (p < 0.01) and compared with MC3, a significant increase in lumbar translation motion was detected in subjects with MC1 and MC2 (p < 0.01). While, angular motion decreased, translation motion increased significantly as the extent of MCs lesion involvement aggravated (p < 0.01). However, there were no statistical differences in lumbar angular and translation motions between different lumbar levels involved by MCs (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Higher BMI might be a risk factor for the development of severe MCs. MC1 and MC2 significantly contribute to lumbar instability. The extents of MCs lesion involvement are strongly associated with lumbar instability. However, different lumbar levels involved by MCs have little effect on lumbar stability.