bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision At Sea
Authors: Symonds Craig L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From thunderous broadsides traded between wooden sailing ships on Lake Erie, to the carrier battles of World War II, to the devastating high-tech action in the Persian Gulf, here is a gripping history of five key battles that defined the evolution of naval warfare--and the course of the American nation. Acclaimed military historian Craig Symonds offers spellbinding narratives of crucial engagements, showing how each battle reveals the transformation of technology and weaponry from one war to the next; how these in turn transformed naval combat; and how each event marked a milestone in American history. BL Oliver Hazard Perry’s heroic victory at Lake Erie, one of the last great battles of the Age of Sail, which secured the Northwestern frontier for the United States BL The brutal Civil War duel between the ironclads Monitor and Virginia, which sounded the death knell for wooden-hulled warships and doomed the Confederacy’s hope of besting the Union navy BL Commodore Dewey’s stunning triumph at Manila Bay in 1898, where the U.S. displayed its “new navy” of steel-hulled ships firing explosive shells and wrested an empire from a fading European power BL The hairsbreadth American victory at Midway, where aircraft carriers launched planes against enemies 200 miles away--and where the tide of World War II turned in the space of a few furious minutes BL Operation Praying Mantis in the Persian Gulf, where computers, ship-fired missiles, and “smart bombs” not only changed the nature of warfare at sea, but also marked a new era, and a new responsibility, for the United States. Symonds records these encounters in detail so vivid that readers can hear the wind in the rigging and feel the pounding of the guns. Yet he places every battle in a wide perspective, revealing their significance to America’s development as it grew from a new Republic on the edge of a threatening frontier to a global superpower. Decision at Sea is a powerful and illuminating look at pivotal moments in the history of the Navy and of the United States. It is also a compelling study of the unchanging demands of leadership at sea, where commanders must make rapid decisions in the heat of battle with lives--and the fate of nations--hanging in the balance.
The Social Ecology of Psychological Development
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Part 1 of this Chapter reviews traditional forms of social organization in MENA societies, which historically provided the environments in which development took place, and set the overall designs of infant care, child and adolescent socialization, and adult roles and life-paths. Patterns of family, gender, and kinship relations developed from centuries of interaction among pastoral, agricultural, and urban ways of life, and broadly resembled those found throughout the Mediterranean, including those in the southern European societies Westerners view as providing their own classical heritage.
Adolescence
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethnographic studies show that in traditional milieus, adolescence was brief for most boys and nonexistent for most girls. Yet for both boys and girls, the years after puberty entailed important transitions and psychological development, especially in acquiring expertise at the honor- and religion-based practices they typically mastered in late childhood and in honing the “social selves” they fashioned in terms of these two ethical systems. Because they married in their early teens, girls probably experienced greater discontinuity, as menstruation, deflowering at one’s wedding, moving out of one’s parents’ home, and childbirth often came within a couple of years. Boys probably experienced greater continuity in their familial relationships but disjunction between deferential subordination to elders, dominance over juniors, and aggressive competition for status and honor with peers. Like other Eurasian civilizations, MENA prohibited premarital sex and prescribed arranged marriages and, like other preindustrial Mediterranean cultures, made the seclusion and virginity of daughters/sisters into a point of family honor— turning the suppression of sexual and romantic feelings into a major developmental task during this period. Yet in spite of MENA’s strong “collectivist” values rooted in emotional interdependencies nurtured from infancy, the literature suggests that many girls and boys experienced sharp conflicts between their own “individualistic” desires and the control their elders exerted in the name of group interests.
Patterns and Lives Development Through the Life-Span
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One could distill from the previous Chapters a “typical” MENA path of development through the life-span. But this would amount to another “national character” stereotype, to which no life would correspond. Not only does socialization vary from milieu to milieu but twists of fate often make it impossible for families to follow cultural models of child-rearing and for young adults to take up the roles and identities their culture prescribes. Differences in temperament, birth order, intelligence, and family organization exert such profound effects that the cultural patterns that create shared experiences simultaneously provoke diverging reactions to them. Individuals also personalize their culture as they internalize it, in such idiosyncratic ways that “the” culture is not so much shared by all its members as it is distributed among them. Daily life is animated by dialogues and disputes among those living by different interpretations of their culture”s values.
Taming Sjogren’s: Fighting Fatigue, Lifestyle Factors, and Nondrug Management
Authors: Melvin Jeanne L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once A Person Develops a serious illness or condition that cannot be cured with medication or surgery, it is extremely helpful to approach healing from a very broad, holistic perspective that will strengthen overall health and the immune system in addition to treating or reducing the specific symptoms. This process is called self-management.
History of Rehabilitation for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Boake Corwin , Diller Leonard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the occurrence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in some ancient myths implies that TBI was recognized before recorded history (Courville, 1967), the resulting high fatality rate made rehabilitation generally impossible until the twentieth century. As shown by Gurdjian’s (1973) compilation of statistics of brain wounds suffered in wars, most penetrating brain wounds before the 1900s were fatal. For example, during the U.S. Civil War, the fatality rate from penetrating brain wounds was about 70%. When advances in neurotrauma care during World War I led to improved survival, rehabilitation of TBI victims became a possibility.
Substance Abuse
Authors: Corrigan John d. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a review of current research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) and problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs. While these problems are primarily substance use disorders [abuse and dependence as described in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994)], intoxication at time of injury and potentially harmful patterns of consumption after injury (that may not rise to the definition of abuse) are also discussed. Unfortunately, there is far more information on the problem and its scope than there is on treatment approaches to ameliorate use-related disorders. This imbalance will be reflected in this chapter as well. The topics covered will elucidate the scope of the problem, including intoxication at the time of injury, a preinjury history of substance use disorder, use following the injury, the combined effect of TBI and substance abuse on brain structure and function, and negative psychosocial outcomes. Interventions and treatment approaches that have specifically addressed substance use following TBI are reviewed as well. This chapter concludes with a proposed research agenda to address substance use and TBI.
Rehabilitation of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Giacino Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among individuals who sustain severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), a significant percentage experience prolonged or permanent disorders of consciousness (DOC). The reliability of published data is suspect; however, 10%–15% of those admitted to a hospital with severe TBI are discharged in a vegetative state. Of these, only 50% recover consciousness over the next 1 to 3 years (Levin & Eisenberg, 1996). Prevalence estimates for the vegetative state range from 15,000 to 40,000 (Multi-Society Task Force on PVS, 1994; National Consensus Development Panel on Rehabilitation, 1999), with as many as 280,000 additional individuals believed to be in the minimally conscious state in the United States (Strauss et al., 2000).
The Bay of Pigs
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In January 1959, as Fidel Castro entered Havana in triumph, Americans hailed the revolutionary as a hero. Then came Castro’s increasingly anti-American talk, the rise in his regime of the openly Marxist Ché Guevara and Raúl Castro, and seizures of American-owned assets. In little more than a year, President Dwight D. Eisenhower concluded that Castro must go. In Bay of Pigs, Howard Jones provides a concise, incisive, and dramatic account of the disastrous attempt to overthrow Castro. He deftly examines the train of missteps and self-deceptions that led to the invasion of U.S.-trained exiles at the Bay of Pigs. Ignoring warnings from the ambassador to Cuba, the Eisenhower administration put in motion an operation that proved nearly unstoppable even after the inauguration of John F. Kennedy. The CIA and Pentagon, meanwhile, both voiced confidence in the outcome of the invasion, especially after coordinating previous successful coups in Guatemala and Iran. As a vital part of the Cuban effort, the CIA sought to incite a popular insurrection by recruiting the Mafia’s help in engineering Castro’s assassination on the eve of the invasion. And so the Kennedy administration launched the exile force toward its doom in Cochinos Bay on April 17, 1961. Jones gives a riveting account of the battle - and the confusion in the White House - before moving on to explore its implications. The Bay of Pigs, he writes, set the course of Kennedy’s foreign policy. It was a humiliation for the administration that fueled fears of Communist domination and pushed Kennedy toward a hardline cold warrior stance. But at the same time, the failed attack left him deeply skeptical of CIA and military advisers and influenced his later actions during the Cuban missile crisis. Richly researched, vividly written, Bay of Pigs offers an engaging and thoughtful account of the turning point in Kennedy’s foreign policy and indeed in foreign policy for decades to come.
Inquisition
Authors: Jones Howard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After an emotional meeting with friends and relatives of those who died at the Bay of Pigs, President Kennedy moaned to Richard Nixon that this marked ‘‘the worst experience of my life.’’ He later told the press, ‘‘There’s an old saying that victory has a hundred fathers and defeat is an orphan.’’ But the president publicly assumed full blame for the debacle, declaring in no uncertain terms, ‘‘I am the responsible officer of the government.’’ Privately, however, he castigated the Joint Chiefs as ‘‘[t]hose sons-of-bitches with all the fruit salad [who] just sat there nodding, saying it would work,’’ and ‘‘those CIA bastards’’ whose office I would like ‘‘to splinter’’ into ‘‘a thousand pieces and scatter . . . to the winds.’’ His most valued advisers had opened him to ridicule. Less profile and more courage, critics sarcastically demanded in alluding to his Pulitzer Prize–winning work, Profiles in Courage. Not only did the Bay of Pigs fiasco expose him to the charge of imperialism; worse, it showed he wasn’t even good at it.
American Wilderness
Authors: Lewis Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Shining Rock. The Big Horn Mountains. Cumberland Island. Gates of the Arctic. Mojave. From the Absaroka-Beartooth to Yosemite, the names alone thrill. These are some of the 677 federally designated wilderness areas of the United States, the most carefully preserved landscapes in the nation. In many of these places, you can walk for days without seeing another person or any obvious signs of human artifice, should you choose to do so. Outside this federal national wilderness system, more wilderness is preserved in our national parks, our national forests, and the numerous other categories of federally managed land. Still more wilderness can be found in private property—from estates and hunting clubs to Nature Conservancy sites. In a world that is increasingly paved and groomed, such places are precious. And given the continued thirst of our consumerist society for resources, their existence is at first glance surprising. The nation that, arguably, most fully has embraced industrial capitalism and consumer culture, a nation whose wealth has been predicated on its ability to harvest and transform an unusually rich bounty of natural resources, simultaneously developed rationales and models for setting aside landscapes (often spectacular ones) as permanent wildlands. This book explores the apparently contradictory history of Americans and their wilderness.
Natural History, Romanticism, and Thoreau
Authors: Dean Bradley P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Twenty-three decades after the Pilgrims arrived in Provincetown harbor to a “hideous and desolate wilderness,” another sort of pilgrim returned to his study in that same New World. He recorded a different impression of what he had seen during his afternoon walk: “How near to good is what is wild. There is the marrow of nature—there her divine liquors—that is the wine I love.” What had been “hideous and desolate” in 1620 had in 1849 become “near to good.”1 Wilderness is a manifestation of the physical world that people perceive very similarly, but each person’s conceptions of it differ. Wilderness per se does not change; we change. The newly arrived Pilgrims felt threatened because of conceptions about wilderness that had been packed in their minds just as surely as food and other necessities had been packed in the hold of their ship. Humans see in wilderness what we bring to it in our minds. And in the years since the Pilgrims landed in the New World, new conceptions of wilderness based upon changing religious, scientific, and philosophical beliefs about nature—in particular, natural history and romanticism—had led some mid-nineteenth-century Americans to a radically different way of seeing wilderness.
The Fate of Wilderness in American Landscape Art
Authors: Miller Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 2004 film The Day after Tomorrow, the Northern Hemisphere is engulfed by a new “ice age,” a catastrophic climate change resulting from global warming that transforms the conditions of life on the planet. The administration in Washington, struggling to understand the scale of the crisis, meets in a rotunda somewhere in the White House, which is hung with four paintings by the leading artists of the nineteenth-century American landscape tradition, including Thomas Cole. No such space exists in the White House; however, the selection of landscape art as a backdrop to an unprecedented environmental crisis is entirely appropriate to evoke the central dilemma the film confronts: the interdependence of our advanced postindustrial society with a natural world whose laws it has consistently violated. The film’s creators evidently banked on the symbolic resonance that grand images of the American wilderness continue to carry for American audiences as a symbol of a time when the nation was carpeted with forests instead of highways and factories, preserving an equilibrium crucial to climatic and social stability.
Wilderness Parks and Their Discontents
Authors: Johnson Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the transformation of wilderness as an idea into wilderness as practice: the creation of parks and other areas permanently set aside from settlement. By this point, a body of influential Americans had become convinced that America’s abuse of nature had spiraled far out of control of such haphazard measures. Where were the enormous herds of buffalo that had once covered the Great Plains? Yellowstone, a few private ranches, and an isolated park in Canada housed the pathetic remnants of a population that had once numbered as much as 40 million. Flocks of passenger pigeons had once numbered in the billions, darkening the sky in flight and blanketing hundreds of miles of forest when at roost. Sports hunters and commercial hunters blazed away, convinced of nature’s inexhaustibility. The last known passenger pigeon, Martha, died a lonely death in a Cincinnati zoo in 1914, more than a decade after the last verifiable sighting in the wild.1 In parts of Wisconsin and Michigan, where majestic stands of red and white pines had once loomed, smoldering stumps stretched as far as the eye could see. Cattle and sheep trampled the meadows of even the most remote mountain valleys. Reflecting on such depressing developments, Theodore Roosevelt articulated a key conservationist sentiment when he concluded in 1897 that “[t]he frontier had come to an end; it had vanished.”2 Wilderness preservation was but one part of the larger response of conservationists to what they understood as nothing less than a crisis of their civilization.
The Return to Spirit
Authors: Fulcher Jane F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 6 January 1939, two months before France belatedly began preparations for an imminent war, Jacques Rouche astutely staged a work of Maurice Ravel. The choice of composition is revealing, for it was not one representative of the “less serious” Ravel that the Popular Front, according to its critics, hastily produced following his death. The work that Rouche now presented was Ravel’s (choreographed) Valses nobles et sentimentales, a choice that articulated a changing mood and a process of symbolic reinvestment in his music. Indeed, such reinterpretation of canonic French composers symbolically manifests a discernible shift in the state’s priorities in music and in its criteria for aesthetic legitimacy. Rouche, heading the now united administration of the national lyric theaters (funded exclusively by the state), was here implementing the aesthetic agenda of a conservative government confronting certain crisis. The cultural “territory” that had been previously occupied and expanded by the Popular Front now was being reclaimed, invested with new meaning in light of the more conservative climate. This included the nation’s lyric theaters, which were consolidated, just as the museums and libraries, in order both to improve efficiency and to better monitor their direction.
Reading Latin Efficiently and the Need for Cognitive Strategies
Authors: McCaffrey Daniel V 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As you skim over this paragraph, trying to decide whether or not to read the whole chapter, you are not consciously aware of all the mental processes you are using to read it. For example, without looking back at the last sentence or running over the words in your mind, you might find it hard to recall the main verb or whether the sentence contained a relative clause. Many of the workings of language are buried so deep in our minds that psycholinguists can discover them only with clever experimental sentences and electronic equipment recording reaction times in milliseconds. “Participants in psycholinguistic experiments, for example, cannot self-report on how syntactic and semantic information come together to produce meaning because the process is normally entirely unconscious” (Ainsworth-Darnell et al. 128).
CavelI and the Concept of America
Authors: Conant James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Is there, as President Wilson thought, an internal relation between the concept of America and a certain ideal? Or is it that, as Chesterton thought, there is nothing the matter with Americans except their ideals?1 Or does America stripped of its ideals amount to nothing more than President Coolidge’s vision of it? And, if so, ought one then to sympathize with Dr. Johnson’s view of the matter? Or is there adistinction to be drawn, as Emerson thought, between the ideal and its debasement by those who most loudly proclaim it? As these quotations evidence, the topic of America—what it stands for, what it is, and what it should be—excites and aggrieves both those who make their home in America and those who do not.
Passionate and Performative Utterance Morals of Encounter
Authors: Cavell Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Aristotle’s Categories, meant to list the basic objects or components of thought, the little that is said about the concept of passion (or affection) is paired with the concept of action, and the only example offered, I believe (in chapter 4, referred back to in chapter 9), is the following: ‘“To lance,’ ‘to cauterize’ [are terms indicating] action; ‘to be lanced,’ ‘to be cauterized,’ affection.” Call this the metaphysical sense of passion. The psychological sense of passion, as naming members of a constellation of emotions (for example, anger, fear, pity, envy), Aristotle treats most fully in his Rhetoric, as aids to the rhetorical goal of persuasion and dangers to the means of worthy argumentation. The connection between the metaphysical and psychological “senses” of passion, suggested in the idea of suffering, is that of passiveness.
Reconstruction Politics and the Politics of Reconstruction
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion that historical scholarship reflects changing contemporary preoccupations and values is almost a truism. Nowhere has this been more evident than in the literature on southern Reconstruction, which has mirrored a changing national climate more than methodological innovations or wider historiographic trends. Reconstruction scholarship has been shaped by its utility in furthering one or another political agenda, or at least in expressing an evolving racial ethos. In particular, modern work has been conducted in the shadow of the civil rights movement—its stirring triumphs and unfinished legacy. For decades, the analogy with contemporary southern struggles animated scholarship. In recent years, as that parallel has become less compelling, interest in Reconstruction partisan contests has declined. This less politicized environment offers some compensations, and the time is perhaps opportune for taking stock.
The Past as A Foreign Country:Reconstruction, Inside and Out
Authors: Smith Mark M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many historians of Reconstruction have assumed an air of studied indifference toward foreign affairs. This essay attempts to prick their interest in the topic. It reviews what little work there is on the subject, surveys the modest contributions to the field made by diplomatic historians, and points to examples of recent work that suggest how and why we might begin to appreciate the importance of foreign affairs for our understanding of Reconstruction and how that appreciation itself might shape our intellectual understanding of the relationship between the ostensibly stable and discrete categories of “domestic” and “foreign.” Any reasonable, full, and nuanced understanding of Reconstruction must include an awareness of events that took place outside of the United States. In this sense, my essay is a call for inclusion. But more than that, I argue that slighting the importance of events beyond the United States and downplaying Americans’ awareness of the foreign during Reconstruction blinds us to the depth, meaning, and subtleties of what Reconstruction at home actually meant. Reconstruction as a domestic episode, in short, is best understood by appreciating foreign developments and initiatives.