bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic discrimination and the emergence of systematic exclusion
Authors: Arvate Paulo , Lenz Lisa , Mittlaender Sergio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper studies how individuals consider other individuals’ preferences when selecting whom to include in a group or network in the absence of any personal taste or statistical reason associated with the inclusion of a particular applicant. This type of decision emerges, for instance, when unprejudiced white landlords discriminate against black applicants because of the prejudice of existing white tenants, or when employers hire an employee-referred candidate instead of an outsider who is disfavored by current employees. We investigate the potential causes as to why selectors consider the group composition preferences of other group members. First, selectors have altruistic feelings toward them and select their preferred candidates. Second, selectors anticipate that their cooperativeness depends on who will be included and so strategically select candidates who are preferred by current group members. We investigate the reasons for this type of discrimination in an experiment in which we allow for endogenous group formation and show that discriminatory behavior in embedded contexts emerges even when selectors have no taste for any candidate nor any reason to discriminate statistically, but still discriminate in favor of a current group member’s preferred candidate both for altruistic and strategic reasons. We thereby identify a new major source for discrimination and for the perpetuation of systematic exclusion of outsiders disfavored by insiders, even when the latter do not participate in the decision of whom to include. We discuss the implications for policies aimed at overcoming strategic discrimination in hiring decisions, employee referral programs, quotas, and bonus payments.
Peptide collision cross sections of 22 post-translational modifications
Authors: Will Andreas , Oliinyk Denys , Bleiholder Christian , Meier Florian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent advances have rekindled the interest in ion mobility as an additional dimension of separation in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics. Ion mobility separates ions according to their size and shape in the gas phase. Here, we set out to investigate the effect of 22 different post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the collision cross section (CCS) of peptides. In total, we analyzed ~4300 pairs of matching modified and unmodified peptide ion species by trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS). Linear alignment based on spike-in reference peptides resulted in highly reproducible CCS values with a median coefficient of variation of 0.26%. On a global level, we observed a redistribution in the m/z vs. ion mobility space for modified peptides upon changes in their charge state. Pairwise comparison between modified and unmodified peptides of the same charge state revealed median shifts in CCS between −1.4% (arginine citrullination) and +4.5% (O-GlcNAcylation). In general, increasing modified peptide masses were correlated with higher CCS values, in particular within homologous PTM series. However, investigating the ion populations in more detail, we found that the change in CCS can vary substantially for a given PTM and is partially correlated with the gas phase structure of its unmodified counterpart. In conclusion, our study shows PTM- and sequence-specific effects on the cross section of peptides, which could be further leveraged for proteome-wide PTM analysis.
Graphical Abstract
Fixation probability in evolutionary dynamics on switching temporal networks
Authors: Bhaumik Jnanajyoti , Masuda Naoki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPopulation structure has been known to substantially affect evolutionary dynamics. Networks that promote the spreading of fitter mutants are called amplifiers of selection, and those that suppress the spreading of fitter mutants are called suppressors of selection. Research in the past two decades has found various families of amplifiers while suppressors still remain somewhat elusive. It has also been discovered that most networks are amplifiers of selection under the birth-death updating combined with uniform initialization, which is a standard condition assumed widely in the literature. In the present study, we extend the birth-death processes to temporal (i.e., time-varying) networks. For the sake of tractability, we restrict ourselves to switching temporal networks, in which the network structure deterministically alternates between two static networks at constant time intervals or stochastically in a Markovian manner. We show that, in a majority of cases, switching networks are less amplifying than both of the two static networks constituting the switching networks. Furthermore, most small switching networks, i.e., networks on six nodes or less, are suppressors, which contrasts to the case of static networks.
IQ changes after pediatric epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Schmidlechner Tristan , Zaddach Malin , Heinen Florian , Cornell Sonia , Ramantani Georgia , Rémi Jan , Vollmar Christian , Kunz Mathias , Borggraefe Ingo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
This systematic review aimed to assess the intellectual outcome of children who underwent surgery for epilepsy.

Methods
A systematic review of electronic databases was conducted on December 3, 2021, for PubMed and January 11, 2022, for Web of Science. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The included studies reported on intelligence quotient (IQ) or developmental quotient (DQ) before and after epilepsy surgery in children. Studies were included, if the patients had medically intractable epilepsy and if the study reported mainly on curative surgical procedures. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis to determine the mean change of IQ/DQ.

Results
Fifty-seven studies reporting on a total of 2593 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at surgery was 9.2 years (± 3.44; range 2.4 months–19.81 years). Thirty-eight studies showed IQ/DQ improvement on a group level, 8 yielded stable IQ/DQ, and 19 showed deterioration. Pooled analysis revealed a significant mean gain in FSIQ of + 2.52 FSIQ points (95% CI 1.12–3.91). The pooled mean difference in DQ was + 1.47 (95% CI − 6.5 to 9.5). The pooled mean difference in IQ/DQ was 0.73 (95% CI − 4.8 to 6.2). Mean FSIQ gain was significantly higher in patients who reached seizure freedom (+ 5.58 ± 8.27) than in patients who did not (+ 0.23 ± 5.65). It was also significantly higher in patients who stopped ASM after surgery (+ 6.37 ± 3.80) than in patients who did not (+ 2.01 ± 2.41). Controlled studies showed a better outcome in the surgery group compared to the non-surgery group. There was no correlation between FSIQ change and age at surgery, epilepsy duration to surgery, and preoperative FSIQ.

Significance
The present review indicates that there is a mean gain in FSIQ and DQ in children with medically intractable epilepsy after surgery. The mean gain of 2.52 FSIQ points reflects more likely sustainability of intellectual function rather than improvement after surgery. Seizure-free and ASM-free patients reach higher FSIQ gains. More research is needed to evaluate individual changes after specific surgery types and their effect on long-term follow-up.
Organizational interventions and occupational burnout: a meta-analysis with focus on exhaustion
Authors: Bes Isabelle , Shoman Yara , Al-Gobari Muaamar , Rousson Valentin , Guseva Canu Irina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To assess whether organizational interventions are effective to prevent or reduce exhaustion, the core dimension of occupational burnout.

Methods
We searched in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases randomized and non-randomized controlled trials conducted among active workers and reporting the outcome as exhaustion score. We calculated the effect sizes using the pre-test–post-test control group design’s estimate. We used the random effects model in meta-analysis and Cochrane collaboration’s tool for interventions to assess the risk of bias. Overall quality of evidence was appraised using the GRADE.

Results
From the 2425 identified records, we assessed 228 full texts for eligibility and included 11 original articles describing 13 studies, 11 on organizational interventions, and 2 on combined inventions. The interventions were participatory (n = 9), focused on workload (n = 2), or on work schedule (n = 2). The overall effect size was − 0.30 ((95% CI = − 0.42; − 0.18), I2 = 62.28%), corresponding to a small reduction in exhaustion with a very low quality of evidence. Combined interventions had a larger effect (− 0.54 (95% CI = − 0.76; − 0.32)) than organizational interventions. When split by type of intervention, both participatory interventions and interventions focused on workload had a benefic effect of exhaustion reduction, with an estimated effect size of − 0.34 (95% CI = − 0.47; − 0.20) and − 0.44 (95% CI = − 0.68, − 0.20), respectively.

Conclusion
Interventions at combined level in workplaces could be helpful in preventing exhaustion. However, the evidence is still limited, due to a high heterogeneity between studies, bias potential, and small number of eligible studies. This calls for further research, using workload interventions at organizational level, especially in sectors with high risk of job stress and exhaustion.
Changes in cardiovascular health and white matter integrity with aerobic exercise, cognitive and combined training in physically inactive healthy late-middle-aged adults: the “Projecte Moviment” randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roig-Coll Francesca , Castells-Sánchez Alba , Monté-Rubio Gemma , Dacosta-Aguayo Rosalía , Lamonja-Vicente Noemí , Torán-Monserrat Pere , Pere Guillem , García-Molina Alberto , Tormos José Maria , Alzamora Maria Teresa , Stavros Dimitriadis , Sánchez-Ceron Marta , Via Marc , Erickson Kirk I. , Mataró Maria 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
This is a 12-weeks randomized controlled trial examining the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT) and their combination (COMB). We aim to investigate their impact on cardiovascular health and white matter (WM) integrity and how they contribute to the cognitive benefits.

Methods
109 participants were recruited and 82 (62% female; age = 58.38 ± 5.47) finished the intervention with > 80% adherence. We report changes in cardiovascular risk factors and WM integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA); mean diffusivity (MD)), how they might be related to changes in physical activity, age and sex, and their potential role as mediators in cognitive improvements.

Results
A decrease in BMI (SMD = − 0.32, p = 0.039), waist circumference (SMD = − 0.42, p = 0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (SMD = − 0.42, p = 0.006) in the AE group and a decrease in BMI (SMD = − 0.34, p = 0.031) and DBP (SMD = − 0.32, p = 0.034) in the COMB group compared to the waitlist control group was observed. We also found decreased global MD in the CCT group (SMD = − 0.34; p = 0.032) and significant intervention-related changes in FA and MD in the frontal and temporal lobes in the COMB group.

Conclusions
We found changes in anthropometric measures that suggest initial benefits on cardiovascular health after only 12 weeks of AE and changes in WM microstructure in the CCT and COMB groups. These results add evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT031123900.
Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS) for early colon cancer in high-risk patients
Authors: Hartwig Morten F. S. , Bulut Mustafa , Ravn-Eriksen Jens , Hansen Lasse B. , Bojesen Rasmus D. , Klein Mads Falk , Jakobsen Henrik L. , Rasmussen Morten , Rud Bo , Eriksen Jens-Ole , Eiholm Susanne , Fiehn Anne-Marie K. , Quirke Phil , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Local excision of early colon cancers could be an option in selected patients with high risk of complications and no sign of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The primary aim was to assess feasibility in high-risk patients with early colon cancer treated with Combined Endoscopic and Laparoscopic Surgery (CELS).

Methods
A non-randomized prospective feasibility study including 25 patients with Performance Status score ≥ 1 and/or American Society of Anesthesiologists score ≥ 3, and clinical Union of International Cancer Control stage-1 colon cancer suitable for CELS resection. The primary outcome was failure of CELS resection, defined as either: Incomplete resection (R1/R2), local recurrence within 3 months, complication related to CELS within 30 days (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3), death within 30 days or death within 90 days due to complications to surgery.

Results
Fifteen patients with clinical T1 (cT1) and ten with clinical T2 (cT2) colon cancer and without suspicion of metastases were included. Failure occurred in two patients due to incomplete resections. Histopathological examination classified seven patients as having pT1, nine as pT2, six as pT3 adenocarcinomas, and three as non-invasive tumors. In three patients, the surgical strategy was changed intraoperatively to conventional colectomy due to tumor location or size. Median length of stay was 1 day. Seven patients had completion colectomy performed due to histological high-risk factors. None had LNM.

Conclusions
In selected patients, CELS resection was feasible, and could spare some patients large bowel resection.
Rurality of patient residence and access to transplantation among children with kidney failure in the United States
Authors: Accetta-Rojas Gabriela , McCulloch Charles E. , Whelan Adrian M. , Copeland Timothy P. , Grimes Barbara A. , Ku Elaine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Residence in rural areas is often a barrier to health care access. To date, differences in access to kidney transplantation among children who reside in rural and micropolitan areas of the US have not been explored.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of children < 18 years who developed kidney failure between 2000 and 2019 according to the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). We examined the association between rurality of patient residence and time to living and/or deceased donor kidney transplantation (primary outcomes) and waitlist registration (secondary outcome) using Fine–Gray models.

Results
We included 18,530 children, of whom 14,175 (76.5%) received a kidney transplant (39.8% from a living and 60.2% from a deceased donor). Residence in micropolitan (subhazard ratio (SHR) 1.16; 95% CI 1.06–1.27) and rural (SHR 1.18; 95% CI 1.06–1.3) areas was associated with better access to living donor transplantation compared with residence in metropolitan areas. There was no statistically significant association between residence in micropolitan (SHR, 0.95; 95%CI 0.88–1.03) and rural (SHR, 0.94; 95%CI 0.86–1.03) areas compared with metropolitan areas in the access of children to deceased donor transplantation. There was also no difference in the time to waitlist registration comparing micropolitan (SHR 1.04; 95%CI 0.98–1.10) and rural (SHR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98–1.13) versus metropolitan areas.

Conclusions
In children with kidney failure, residence in rural and micropolitan areas was associated with better access to living donor transplantation and similar access to deceased donor transplantation compared with residence in metropolitan areas.

Graphical abstract
Perceptual cue-guided adaptive image downscaling for enhanced semantic segmentation on large document images
Authors: Pack Chulwoo , Soh Leen-Kiat , Lorang Elizabeth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImage downscaling is an essential operation to reduce spatial complexity for various applications and is becoming increasingly important due to the growing number of solutions that rely on memory-intensive approaches, such as applying deep convolutional neural networks to semantic segmentation tasks on large images. Although conventional content-independent image downscaling can efficiently reduce complexity, it is vulnerable to losing perceptual details, which are important to preserve. Alternatively, existing content-aware downscaling severely distorts spatial structure and is not effectively applicable for segmentation tasks involving document images. In this paper, we propose a novel image downscaling approach that combines the strengths of both content-independent and content-aware strategies. The approach limits the sampling space per the content-independent strategy, adaptively relocating such sampled pixel points, and amplifying their intensities based on the local gradient and texture via the content-aware strategy. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we plug our adaptive downscaling method into a deep learning-based document image segmentation pipeline and evaluate the performance improvement. We perform the evaluation on three publicly available historical newspaper digital collections with differences in quality and quantity, comparing our method with one widely used downscaling method, Lanczos. We further demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method by using three different training scenarios: stand-alone, image-pyramid, and augmentation. The results show that training a deep convolutional neural network using images generated by the proposed method outperforms Lanczos, which relies on only content-independent strategies.
SOX combined with sintilimab versus SOX alone in the perioperative management of locally advanced gastric cancer: a propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Huang Xingmao , Fang Jingquan , Huang Ling , Chen Hang , Chen Han , Chai Tengjiao , Ye Zeyao , Chen Hanguang , Xu Qi , Du Yian , Yu Pengfei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of SOX combined with a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor compared with SOX alone in the perioperative management of locally advanced gastric cancer and to explore biomarkers that may predict response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

Methods
Data of patients with clinical stage T3–4aN0–3M0 (IIb–III) gastric cancer were reviewed to create a primary database. Patients treated with perioperative SOX combined with sintilimab were included in Group A, while those treated with SOX alone were included in Group B. After one-to-one propensity score matching, pathological response and short-term survival outcomes were compared between the two groups. In addition, potential efficacy-related biomarkers were analyzed.

Results
Between January 2018 and December 2022, a total of 150 patients were included in the analysis, with 75 patients in each group. The rates of pathological complete response (21.3% vs. 4.0%; P = 0.001) and major pathological response (45.3% vs. 22.7%; P = 0.003) in Group A were statistically higher than those in Group B. There was no significant difference in 1-year overall survival (92.8% vs. 92.0%; P = 0.392) and disease-free survival (88.9% vs. 88.0%; P = 0.357) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis of Group A showed that the pathological complete response (40.6% vs. 8.6%; P = 0.002) and major pathological response (65.6% vs. 28.6%; P = 0.002) rates were significantly higher in programmed death ligand-1-positive patients with a combined positive score of ≥ 5. A pathological complete response was achieved in 42.9% patients (3/7) with mismatch repair deficiency. For the two patients confirmed as Epstein-Barr virus-positive, one patient achieved a pathological complete response and the other achieved a major pathological response.

Conclusions
The adoption of SOX combined with a PD-1 inhibitor may improve the pathological response rate of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer, especially those with programmed death ligand-1 combined positive score ≥ 5, Epstein–Barr virus-positivity and mismatch repair deficiency. However, further prospective studies are still warranted to confirm the long-term survival benefit.
Detecting and Characterizing Inferior Vena Cava Filters on Abdominal Computed Tomography with Data-Driven Computational Frameworks
Authors: Candemir Sema , Moranville Robert , Wong Kelvin A. , Campbell Warren , Bigelow Matthew T. , Prevedello Luciano M. , Makary Mina S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTwo data-driven algorithms were developed for detecting and characterizing Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters on abdominal computed tomography to assist healthcare providers with the appropriate management of these devices to decrease complications: one based on 2-dimensional data and transfer learning (2D + TL) and an augmented version of the same algorithm which accounts for the 3-dimensional information leveraging recurrent convolutional neural networks (3D + RCNN). The study contains 2048 abdominal computed tomography studies obtained from 439 patients who underwent IVC filter placement during the 10-year period from January 1st, 2009, to January 1st, 2019. Among these, 399 patients had retrievable filters, and 40 had non-retrievable filter types. The reference annotations for the filter location were obtained through a custom-developed interface. The ground truth annotations for the filter types were determined based on the electronic medical record and physician review of imaging. The initial stage of the framework returns a list of locations containing metallic objects based on the density of the structure. The second stage processes the candidate locations and determines which one contains an IVC filter. The final stage of the pipeline classifies the filter types as retrievable vs. non-retrievable. The computational models are trained using Tensorflow Keras API on an Nvidia Quadro GV100 system. We utilized a fine-tuning supervised training strategy to conduct our experiments. We find that the system achieves high sensitivity on detecting the filter locations with a high confidence value. The 2D + TL model achieved a sensitivity of 0.911 and a precision of 0.804, and the 3D + RCNN model achieved a sensitivity of 0.923 and a precision of 0.853 for filter detection. The system confidence for the IVC location predictions is high: 0.993 for 2D + TL and 0.996 for 3D + RCNN. The filter type prediction component of the system achieved 0.945 sensitivity, 0.882 specificity, and 0.97 AUC score with 2D + TL and 0. 940 sensitivity, 0.927 specificity, and 0.975 AUC score with 3D + RCNN. With the intent to create tools to improve patient outcomes, this study describes the initial phase of a computational framework to support healthcare providers in detecting patients with retained IVC filters, so an individualized decision can be made to remove these devices when appropriate, to decrease complications. To our knowledge, this is the first study that curates abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans and presents an algorithm for automated detection and characterization of IVC filters.