bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specialize Early and Select Late: Performance Trajectories of World-Class Finalists and International- and National-Class Swimmers
Authors: Born Dennis-Peter , Björklund Glenn , Lorentzen Jenny , Stöggl Thomas , Romann Michael 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To investigate performance progression from early-junior to peak performance age and compare variety in race distances and swimming strokes between swimmers of various performance levels. Methods: Using a longitudinal data analysis and between-groups comparisons 306,165 annual best times of male swimmers (N = 3897) were used to establish a ranking based on annual best times at peak performance age. Individual performance trajectories were retrospectively analyzed to compare distance and stroke variety. Performances of world-class finalists and international- and national-class swimmers (swimming points: 886 [30], 793 [28], and 698 [28], respectively) were compared across 5 age groups—13–14, 15–16, 17–18, 19–20, and 21+ years—using a 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: World-class finalists are not significantly faster than international-class swimmers up to the 17- to 18-year age group (F2|774 = 65, P < .001, ) but specialize in short- or long-distance races at a younger age. World-class breaststroke finalists show faster breaststroke times compared to their performance in other swimming strokes from an early age (P < .05), while world-class freestyle and individual medley finalists show less significant differences to their performance in other swimming strokes. Conclusions: While federation officials should aim for late talent selection, that is, not before the 17- to 18-year age group, coaches should aim to identify swimmers’ preferred race distances early on. However, the required stroke variety seems to be specific for each swimming stroke. Breaststroke swimmers could aim for early and strong specialization, while freestyle and individual medley swimmers could maintain large and very large stroke variety, respectively.
Teaching in a New World: A Novice Teacher Educator’s Pursuit for Change
Authors: Rodrigues Alba Iara Cae , Marttinen Risto , Banville Dominique 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: To understand the process of an international doctoral physical education teacher education instructor instituting change during one semester of teaching a university course in the United States. Method: Data included reflexive journal entries, recordings of peer debriefing meetings with a critical friend, informal WhatsApp messages, and anonymous feedback from students. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The three main themes were (a) action research as a tool for change, (b) the challenges of the first year as a doctoral physical education teacher education instructor, and (c) the power of reflection. We discuss the main challenges the first author faced and the complexities of the process of developing her pedagogical philosophies in teaching higher education for the first time in a new culture. Conclusions: Action research served as a tool to overcome challenges, develop confidence, and autonomy. The support system provided by her advisors was the main asset for achieving pedagogical change.
Microbial sensor variation across biogeochemical conditions in the terrestrial deep subsurface
Authors: Goldman Annelise L. , Fulk Emily M. , Momper Lily M. , Heider Clinton , Mulligan John , Osburn Magdalena , Masiello Caroline A. , Silberg Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Microbes can be found in abundance many kilometers underground. While microbial metabolic capabilities have been examined across different geochemical settings, it remains unclear how changes in subsurface niches affect microbial needs to sense and respond to their environment. To address this question, we examined how microbial extracellular sensor systems vary with environmental conditions across metagenomes at different Deep Mine Microbial Observatory (DeMMO) subsurface sites. Because two-component systems (TCSs) directly sense extracellular conditions and convert this information into intracellular biochemical responses, we expected that this sensor family would vary across isolated oligotrophic subterranean environments that differ in abiotic and biotic conditions. TCSs were found at all six subsurface sites, the service water control, and the surface site, with an average of 0.88 sensor histidine kinases (HKs) per 100 genes across all sites. Abundance was greater in subsurface fracture fluids compared with surface-derived fluids, and candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria presented the lowest HK frequencies. Measures of microbial diversity, such as the Shannon diversity index, revealed that HK abundance is inversely correlated with microbial diversity (
r
2
= 0.81). Among the geochemical parameters measured, HK frequency correlated most strongly with variance in dissolved organic carbon (
r
2
= 0.82). Taken together, these results implicate the abiotic and biotic properties of an ecological niche as drivers of sensor needs, and they suggest that microbes in environments with large fluctuations in organic nutrients (e.g., lacustrine, terrestrial, and coastal ecosystems) may require greater TCS diversity than ecosystems with low nutrients (e.g., open ocean).

IMPORTANCE
The ability to detect extracellular environmental conditions is a fundamental property of all life forms. Because microbial two-component sensor systems convert information about extracellular conditions into biochemical information that controls their behaviors, we evaluated how two-component sensor systems evolved within the deep Earth across multiple sites where abiotic and biotic properties vary. We show that these sensor systems remain abundant in microbial consortia at all subterranean sampling sites and observe correlations between sensor system abundances and abiotic (dissolved organic carbon variation) and biotic (consortia diversity) properties. These results suggest that multiple environmental properties may drive sensor protein evolution and highlight the need for further studies of metagenomic and geochemical data in parallel to understand the drivers of microbial sensor evolution.
Genetic features of antimicrobial drug-susceptible extraintestinal pathogenic
Escherichia coli
pandemic sequence type 95
Authors: Allegretti Yuan Hu , Yamaji Reina , Adams-Sapper Sheila , Riley Lee W. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Extraintestinal pathogenic
Escherichia coli
(ExPEC) belonging to multilocus sequence type 95 (ST95) is one of the most geographically widespread ExPEC lineages causing bloodstream infection (BSI) and urinary tract infection (UTI). In contrast to other widespread ExPEC sequence types, a large proportion of ST95 strains remains susceptible to all antimicrobial agents used to treat BSI or UTI. We aimed to identify the genomic features of ST95 associated with its relatively high drug-susceptible frequency. We analyzed whole genomes of 1,749 ST95 isolates, 80 from patients with BSI or UTI in Northern California and 1,669 isolates from the EnteroBase database. We first compared whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of 887 drug-susceptible strains and 862 strains resistant to one or more drugs (defined genotypically as strains harboring drug-resistance genes annotated in the ResFinder database) to identify genetic features associated with strains devoid of drug resistance genes. We then conducted a pan-genome-wide association study on human clinical isolates of ST95, which included 553 UTI and BSI ST95 isolates. We found 44 accessory genes to be significantly associated with ST95 strains lacking drug resistance genes. Fifteen of these were not found in any of the WGSs of ST131 ExPEC strains, which are frequently multidrug-resistant. These genes were annotated to encode transporter or transfer systems and DNA repair polymerases. A large proportion of ST95 strains may have evolved to adapt to antibiotic-imposed stresses without acquiring drug resistance genes.

IMPORTANCE

Despite the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant
Escherichia coli
strains that cause urinary tract and bloodstream infections, a major pandemic lineage of extraintestinal pathogenic
E. coli
(ExPEC) ST95 has a comparatively low frequency of drug resistance. We compared the genomes of 1,749 ST95 isolates to identify genetic features that may explain why most strains of ST95 resist becoming drug-resistant. Identification of such genomic features could contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant genes and devise new measures to control antibiotic-resistant infections.
Chemical components separation with the use of botulinum toxin A: a critical review for correction of ventral hernia
Authors: Mesquita Gustavo Heluani Antunes de , Jardim Yuri Justi , Martines Diego Ramos , Nii Fernanda , Iuamoto Leandro Ryuchi , Waisberg Daniel Reis , Meyer Alberto 
Published: December 2023

Background: Ventral hernias are prevalent results in abdominal surgeries and may represent a surgical challenge in complex cases, mainly due to tension in abdominal wall musculature. Failure of surgical correction may lead to a more morbid treatment, in addition to a considerable socioeconomic impact. In order to have a lower risk of complications, the use of botulinum toxin A (BTA), may be a preoperative alternative to reduce abdominal wall tension by causing sustained and reversible paralysis. This critical review of the literature proposes to evaluate the adjacent use of BTA in surgical ventral hernias corrections.Methods: Using the PubMed database, the keywords ‘ventral hernia’, and ‘botulinum toxin’ were searched using the Boolean operator AND. Articles were selected based on their relevance and updated information. The outcomes of interest included the change in ventral hernia defect width and in lateral abdominal wall muscle length, pain, hernia recurrence and complications.Results: A total of 20 articles from 2009 to 2018 were found. We excluded some articles due to irrelevant technique, use of animal models and lack of outcome data. Reduction of the abdominal wall thickness increasing its length, less perioperative pain, hernia reduction and the correction with less tension were observed after the use of BTA injection. No complications occurred during applications.Conclusion: The use of BTA seems to be a promising alternative in the management of ventral hernias due to its capacity of reducing tension in the abdominal wall. However, more studies are necessary to determine the efficacy of this method.
Factors associated to vascular pedicle width in ARDS
Authors: Silva Alex França da , Toufen Junior Carlos , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: In previous studies, vascular pedicle width (VPW) was the best radiographic sign of intravascular volume status in critically ill patients and may enhance implementation and acceptance of the conservative fluid strategy into routine clinical practice. Objective: Our aim was to find the relationship among VPW and parameters of mechanical ventilation (MV) and baseline data. The hypothesis was that pressures, tidal volume and baseline data, as age, could be related to VPW in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methodology: It was a retrospective cohort study enrolled in the Open Lung Approach trial performed in moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome recruited in São Paulo, Brazil. VPW was measured by two investigators in chestradiographs taken at diagnosis and after 24 hours of mechanical ventilation adjustments. The relationship between VPW, age, predicted body weight (PBW), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), plateau pressure and tidal volume adjusted by PBW were evaluated. Results: 26 patients were included in analysis, with a total of 52 chest radiography analyzed. There was a significant change in VPW between diagnosis and after 24hours from MV adjustments (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). Age was related to VPW before and after adjustments in MV (r= 0.57, p < 0.01). No correlation was found between MV parameters (PEEP, plateau pressure and tidal volume) with VPW. Conclusions: There was no correlation among pressures and tidal volume applied during MV and PDW, reinforcing thismethod as an easy, wide available and noninvasive way to estimate intravascular volume status in ARDS patients. Age was related to VPW, suggesting that the measure of VPW could be improved after correction based in this parameter.
Immune thrombocytopenia: clinical features and analysis of risk factors to response to the treatment
Authors: Yonekura Aline Mitie , Lira Lucas Nathã Almeida , Stefanello Bianca , Funke Vaneuza Araujo Moreira 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired decrease of platelets, caused by autoantibodies against platelets, in the absence of an associated condition. ITP is associated to low morbidity and mortality, however there is reduced quality of life on the patients under treatment. This study has as objectives to describe the clinical features of the patients and the evaluation of risk factors related to the response to treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was achieved, regarding the medical records of 99 patients diagnosed with ITP and seen between May of 1992 and August of 2016 in a hospital.Results: 99 patients were analyzed, 71 female (71.7%). Mean age 39 years old to diagnosis (variation 2-84). 83.3% of the patients were chronic ITP and the mean follow up 49.2 months (0,1-289). 74.7% of patients presented bleeding to diagnosis. 76.7% of patients required treatment, and there was remission in 7 (30.4%) of the 23 patients who did not receive any treatment. 37 patients were submitted to splenectomy, 30 (81.1%) of those obtained partial or complete response and 18 (48.6%) presented loss of response. 30% of patients were submitted to posterior treatments. Only two patients had death related to ITP. In bivariate analysis of risk factors to response to the treatment, the only predictors of chronicity were initially the absence of corticosteroid dependence and absence of response to splenectomy, however in multivariate analysis those factors had their significance discarded. Conclusion: The presented results did not confirm a higher progression rate to chronicity in non corticosteroid-dependent patients and in those who did not present response to splenectomy. The clinical features, response pattern and survival of analyzed patients were similar to other studies reported.
Management of choledochal cysts:
Authors: Andrade Lucas Arjona de , Tannuri Ana Cristina Aoun , Paganoti Guilherme Freitas , Andrade Wagner de Castro , Tannuri Uenis 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Choledochal cyst is a rare pathology of the biliary tree, leading to hepatic cirrhosis and predisposition to malignancy if untreated. Excision and biliodigestive reconstruction is the standard treatment. Our objective in this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of choledochal cysts cases in our institution, focusing in diagnostic imaging and surgical management.Methods and materials: We analysed the medical records from patients with choledochal cysts in our institution from January 1994 to December 2017. Our research included gender, symptoms at presentation, age, preoperative and postoperative bilirubin levels, medical imaging, type of dilatation (following the Todani classification), performed surgery, complications and survival in 70 patients.Results: Ultrasonography was the only required exam to the diagnosis in 50 cases (71,4%), and used in 68 cases (97,1%). All Todani type I and IV cases were treated through cyst excision and biliodigestive reconstruction by proximal and distal hepaticojejunostomy through Roux-en-Y. Thirty-one patients were subjected to proximal hepaticojejunostomy. Eight (25,1%) presented postoperative complications, two of which died due to postoperative sepsis. Thirty-eight patients were subjected to distal hepaticojejunostomy. From this group, two patients (5,2%) presented postoperative complications. Thep-value between groups was 0.016.Conclusion: US is the only necessary diagnostic imaging prior to surgery. The surgeon should weight the risk of biliary cancer and postoperative complications upon choosing the height of the anastomosis in choledochal cysts. We preconize that it’s safer to perform a distal hepaticojejunostomy, maintaining the proximal part of a dilated common hepatic duct, than proximal hepaticojejunostomy.Keywords: Choledochal; Cyst; Management; Hepaticojejunostomy; Ultrasonography.
Morphometry and frequency of the pyramidalis muscle in adult humans
Authors: Kogima Rudolph Octaviano , Simões Pedro Antonio Araújo , Santos Lesley Mirian De Paula , Moyses Raquel Ajub , Hojaij Flávio Carneiro , Jacomo Alfredo Luiz 
Published: December 2023

The pyramidalis muscle presents variable morphometry and frequency among populations, and the knowledge of such variations may serve as a support for clinical practice and surgical procedures. However, this muscle is little described in the medical literature, and studies of this order have not been performed in the brazilian population. Thus, we dissected 30 cadavers, exposing the pyramidalis and taking photos for posterior measuring in image processing program. We verified frequency - bilaterality, unilaterality and absence - and morphometry - medial border length and width at basis - of the muscle. We verified that there was length symmetry between right and left sides, but no width symmetry. Moreover, there were no statistically significant correlations between the muscle dimensions (length and width) and age, height, weight, nor gender, although, in the present study, men presented longer - but women wider - pyramidalis muscle. Furthermore, the dimensions range of the pyramidalis were bigger in men. Note: it was adopted significance level of 0.05; and two degrees of decimal accuracy. The data obtained was also compared to other studies, revealing that the brazilian population presented an average incidence compared to other populations and that unilaterality was more prevalent and its absence less prevalent than in other populations. Therefore: 1. Due to the muscle´s great variability it’s hard to use it as a reference for incisions; 2. The pyramidalis muscle proved to be very prevalent, enhancing the viability of using it as a graft and as source of stem cells for various purposes.
Denoising task-correlated head motion from motor-task fMRI data with multi-echo ICA
Authors: Reddy Neha A. , Zvolanek Kristina M. , Moia Stefano , Caballero-Gaudes César , Bright Molly G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Motor-task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is crucial in the study of several clinical conditions, including stroke and Parkinson’s disease. However, motor-task fMRI is complicated by task-correlated head motion, which can be magnified in clinical populations and confounds motor activation results. One method that may mitigate this issue is multi-echo independent component analysis (ME-ICA), which has been shown to separate the effects of head motion from the desired blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal but has not been tested in motor-task datasets with high amounts of motion. In this study, we collected an fMRI dataset from a healthy population who performed a hand grasp task with and without task-correlated amplified head motion to simulate a motor-impaired population. We analyzed these data using three models: single-echo (SE), multi-echo optimally combined (ME-OC), and ME-ICA. We compared the models’ performance in mitigating the effects of head motion on the subject level and group level. On the subject level, ME-ICA better dissociated the effects of head motion from the BOLD signal and reduced noise. Both ME models led to increased t-statistics in brain motor regions. In scans with high levels of motion, ME-ICA additionally mitigated artifacts and increased stability of beta coefficient estimates, compared to SE. On the group level, all three models produced activation clusters in expected motor areas in scans with both low and high motion, indicating that group-level averaging may also sufficiently resolve motion artifacts that vary by subject. These findings demonstrate that ME-ICA is a useful tool for subject-level analysis of motor-task data with high levels of task-correlated head motion. The improvements afforded by ME-ICA are critical to improve reliability of subject-level activation maps for clinical populations in which group-level analysis may not be feasible or appropriate, for example, in a chronic stroke cohort with varying stroke location and degree of tissue damage.
The Application of the Salini Test Beyond Article 25 of the ICSID Convention: Analysis of Recent Trends in Treaty and Arbitral Practice
Authors: Petsche Markus 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article explores two developments that have led to an extension of the sphere of application of the Salini test, a set of ‘objective’ requirements for the existence of an investment established by the Salini tribunal under Article 25 ICSID Convention. The first such trend consists of the formal incorporation of Salini-type criteria or ‘characteristics’ into treaty definitions of the term ‘investment’. The second development relates to arbitral rulings (based on Romak v Uzbekistan) in which investment tribunals have held that the ‘objective’ Salini criteria apply not only under Article 25 ICSID Convention, but also under treaty definitions of ‘investment’. The present contribution provides a detailed analysis of these two trends, exploring the reasons for these developments and assessing the merits of the Romak case law. It also examines the practical challenges raised by these developments, including the redundancy of the traditional Salini test and the risk of inconsistent case law.