bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizenship regimes in Brazilian prisons: Hybrid, unjust and weak
Authors: Daudelin Jean , Ratton José Luiz 
Published: December 2023

For Brazilian inmates, prisons are mostly spaces of rights denial, above and beyond their formal condemnations. Most, nonetheless, still enjoy some rights. This paper examines the modalities of allocation and the range of those rights. It understands citizenship as a bundle of rights whose scope and quality are determined by the terms of the bargains through which those rights are allocated. These bundles, together with the governance arrangements that define and enforce them are in turn understood as citizenship regimes. The paper examines three regimes that are common in male Brazilian prisons: one regime that is fully controlled by the state, and two that are hybrid, involving both state authorities and, in one instance, criminal organizations (factions), and in the other, chosen inmates (keyholders or chaveiros) who are vested of governance authority by prison administrators. The overall system they conform is a composite of state and non-state rights enforcement arrangements. The allocation of rights it produces is deeply unequal. And the range and quality of the rights enjoyed by the vast majority of inmates is narrow and poor.
Resumen: Regímenes ciudadanos en las cárceles brasileñas: Híbridos, injustos y débiles
Para los presos brasileños, las cárceles son sobre todo espacios de negación de derechos, más allá de sus condenas formales. No obstante, la mayoría sigue disfrutando de algunos derechos. Este trabajo examina las modalidades de asignación y alcance de esos derechos. Se entiende la ciudadanía como un conjunto de derechos cuyo alcance y calidad vienen determinados por los términos de los acuerdos a través de los cuales se asignan dichos derechos. Estos conjuntos, junto con los mecanismos de gobernanza que los definen y hacen cumplir, se entienden a su vez como regímenes de ciudadanía. El documento examina tres regímenes comunes en las prisiones brasileñas masculinas: un régimen totalmente controlado por el Estado y dos regímenes híbridos, en los que participan tanto las autoridades estatales como, en un caso, organizaciones delictivas (facciones) y, en el otro, reclusos elegidos (chaveiros) a los que los administradores de la prisión confieren autoridad para gobernar. El sistema global que conforman es una combinación de mecanismos estatales y no estatales de aplicación de los derechos. La asignación de derechos que produce es profundamente desigual mientras que la gama y calidad de los derechos de que disfruta la inmensa mayoría de los reclusos es limitada y deficiente.
Pengaruh Rekrutmen Dan Seleksi Terhadap Kinerja Karywan Pada Hotel Abadi Suite Kota Jambi
Authors: Azima Khuluqon , AS Sakinah , Mulyani Ika 
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine how the effect of recruitment and selection on employee performance at the Abadi Suite Hotel Jambi City simultaneously and partially and how much influence recruitment and selection have on employee performance at the Abadi Suite Hotel Jambi City.The object of this analysis is the Hotel Abadi Suite Jambi City. The sample used in this study were 38 employees at the Abadi Suite Hotel, Jambi City. The method used is descriptive analysis method with recruitment and selection independent variables while the dependent variable is employee performance. The analytical tool used in this research is multiple linear analysis, classical assumption test consisting of normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, coefficient of determination and hypothesis testing (f test and t test).Based on the calculation results of SPSS version 22, the correlation between the recruitment variable (X1) is 0.468 and the selection variable (X2) is 0.472 on performance (Y), which means that there is a positive influence between recruitment and selection variables on employee performance and there is a strong relationship between the variables independent and the dependent variable is 71.6%.The conclusion of this study shows that recruitment and selection simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance, partially recruitment and selection have a significant effect on employee performance.
Conservation genetics of Sclerocactus in Colorado: the importance of accurate taxonomy to conservation
Authors: McGlaughlin Mitchell E. , Naibauer Samantha K. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionRecent advances in genetic data collection utilizing next-generation DNA sequencing technologies have the potential to greatly aid the taxonomic assessment of species of conservation concern, particularly species that have been difficult to describe using morphology alone. Accurate taxonomic descriptions aided by genetic data are essential to directing limited conservation resources to species most in need. Sclerocactus glaucus is a plant endemic to Western Colorado that is currently listed as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). However, in 2023, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed de-listing S. glaucus from the ESA due to recovery of the species. Previous research had found substantial genetic structure between populations in the northern part of the S. glaucus range relative to the majority of the species distribution.MethodsIn this study we utilized double-digest Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) in order to better understand the genetic structure of S. glaucus.ResultsOur results indicate that S. glaucus contains two distinct evolutionary lineages that warrant recognition at the level of species, with what was previously described as S. glaucus North being recognized as Sclerocactus dawsoniae.DiscussionThe newly described S. dawsoniae has a limited estimated number of individuals, low levels of nucleotide diversity, a very narrow geographic range, and an uneven geographic distribution with most plants being found in a single management area, all of which supports continued direct conservation of this species. In contrast, S. glaucus has a large estimated minimum population size, a broad geographic range that includes numerous protected areas, and adequate levels of genetic diversity. Without further conservation action, a delisting decision for S. glaucus will simultaneously remove all Endangered Species Act protections for S. dawsoniae. The current work demonstrates the importance of having robust genetic datasets when planning conservation activities for species of concern. Moving forward, we recommend that government stakeholders prioritize supporting genetic studies of endangered species prior to making any changes to listing decisions.
Evidence of increased cardiovascular disease risk in left-handed individuals
Authors: Simon Abigayle B. , Norland Kimberly , Blackburn Marsha , Zhao Sumang , Wang Xiaoling , Harris Ryan A. 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundApproximately 10% of the world is left-handed (LH). Research suggests that LH individuals may have shorter lifespans compared to right-handed (RH) individuals. LH individuals also appear to have more cardiovascular disease (CVD) related conditions like diabetes and cancer. Thus, the present study sought to test the hypothesis that vascular function and heart rate variability (HRV), both key indicators of CVD risk, would be lower in LH compared to RH individuals.MethodsThree hundred seventy-nine participants, 18–50 years old, were enrolled. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a bioassay of vascular endothelial function and standard deviation of R-R interval (SDNN), a parameter of HRV, were evaluated as indices of CVD risk. Data are reported as mean ± SD.Results12.1% of the participants were LH. No differences in demographics or clinical laboratory values were observed between groups, except high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p = 0.033) in RH. FMD was significantly (p = 0.043) lower in LH (6.1% ± 3.2%) compared to RH (7.6% ± 3.8%), independent of age, sex, race, BMI, and HDL. Total power (p = 0.024) and low-frequency power (p = 0.003) were lower in LH compared to RH. Additionally, SDNN was lower (p = 0.041) in LH (47.4 ± 18.8 ms) compared to RH (54.7 ± 22.3 ms). A negative correlation between FMD and mean arterial pressure (r = −0.517; p &lt; 0.001) was observed in LH; no relationships were observed in RH (all p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionVascular endothelial function and HRV are lower in LH compared to RH. In addition, relationships between FMD and traditional CVD risk factors were only observed in LH. These data support an increased risk of CVD in LH.
Maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia: a prospective cohort study in China
Authors: Du Jing , Ji Linong , Zhang Xiaomei , Yuan Ning , Sun Jianbin , Zhao Dan 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveInsufficient thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, adversely affect maternal and fetal health. However, the impact of isolated hypothyroxinemia (IH) on adverse pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between IH during the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 1236 pregnant women. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels were measured before 13 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression analysis and the Cochran-Armitage trend test were used to assess the association between IH in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsIH during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. After adjusting for confounding factors, including age, body mass index, parity, abnormal pregnancy history, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IH in the first trimester remained an independent risk factor for macrosomia. In addition, the risk of macrosomia increased with IH severity. However, no significant relationship was found between IH during the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, oligohydramnios, premature delivery, fetal distress, or low birth weight.ConclusionIH during the first trimester did not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia.
Evaluation of sustainable livelihood of reservoir resettlement based on the fuzzy matter-element model
Authors: Hao Yu , Zhang Fan , Sun Chaolun 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The study of sustainable livelihoods for reservoir resettlers is of great significance for consolidating the poverty alleviation achievements of China and promoting the realization of the major strategy of China’s rural revitalization.Methods: On the basis of the Sustainable Livelihood Analysis Framework of the UK Agency for International Development and the general requirements of the rural revitalization strategy on industry, ecology, rural ethos, governance and life, this paper selects the material basis, living environment and Social Adaptability which are more close to China’s national conditions and can more accurately measure the resettlers’ livelihood. These three factors have established a Comprehensive Evaluation Index System for the sustainable livelihood of the reservoir resettlers. A mathematical model based on complex fuzzy matter-element and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is established to assess the sustainable livelihood of reservoir resettlers. Furthermore, it conducts an empirical study on the resettlement of the Danjiangkou Henan Reservoir area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which takes the whole of immigration in Henan Province as the research object.Results: The results show that the current survey value of the overall livelihood of the resettlers in the Danjiangkou Henan Reservoir Area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is 0.0085 lower than the maintaining livelihood target and 0.1725 lower than the sustainable livelihood target. Such a result indicates that the livelihood of Henan resettlers in the Danjiangkou Henan Reservoir Area of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has reached a sustainable level overall, but its gap with the sustainable livelihood goal remains obvious, which is primarily demonstrated by economic foundation and social adaptability.Discussion: Therefore, immigration management agencies should make efforts to adjust the industrial structure, increase the income of resettlers, help resettlers integrate into the local society sooner, and promote the sustainable development of resettlers’ livelihoods.
Unprecedented distribution data for Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia and Y. jaegeriana) reveal contemporary climate associations of a Mojave Desert icon
Authors: Esque Todd C. , Shryock Daniel F. , Berry Gabrielle A. , Chen Felicia C. , DeFalco Lesley A. , Lewicki Sabrina M. , Cunningham Brent L. , Gaylord Eddie J. , Poage Caitlan S. , Gantz Gretchen E. , Van Gaalen Ross A. , Gottsacker Ben O. , McDonald Amanda M. , Yoder Jeremy B. , Smith Christopher I. , Nussear Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionForecasting range shifts in response to climate change requires accurate species distribution models (SDMs), particularly at the margins of species' ranges. However, most studies producing SDMs rely on sparse species occurrence datasets from herbarium records and public databases, along with random pseudoabsences. While environmental covariates used to fit SDMS are increasingly precise due to satellite data, the availability of species occurrence records is still a large source of bias in model predictions. We developed distribution models for hybridizing sister species of western and eastern Joshua trees (Yucca brevifoliaandY. jaegeriana, respectively), iconic Mojave Desert species that are threatened by climate change and habitat loss.MethodsWe conducted an intensive visual grid search of online satellite imagery for 672,043 0.25 km2grid cells to identify the two species' presences and absences on the landscape with exceptional resolution, and field validated 29,050 cells in 15,001 km of driving. We used the resulting presence/absence data to train SDMs for each Joshua tree species, revealing the contemporary environmental gradients (during the past 40 years) with greatest influence on the current distribution of adult trees.ResultsWhile the environments occupied byY. brevifoliaandY. jaegerianawere similar in total aridity, they differed with respect to seasonal precipitation and temperature ranges, suggesting the two species may have differing responses to climate change. Moreover, the species showed differing potential to occupy each other's geographic ranges: modeled potential habitat forY. jaegerianaextends throughout the range ofY. brevifolia, while potential habitat forY. brevifoliais not well represented within the range ofY. jaegeriana.DiscussionBy reproducing the current range of the Joshua trees with high fidelity, our dataset can serve as a baseline for future research, monitoring, and management of this species, including an increased understanding of dynamics at the trailing and leading margins of the species' ranges and potential for climate refugia.
Stakeholders' knowledge of threatened freshwater fishes and their involvement in fishery value chains in order to assist conservation in developing countries
Authors: Galib Shams M. , Naher Sheratun , Arnob Sadman S. , Khatun Mst. Tasnima , Reza Md. Selim , Parvez Md. Taskin , Sun Jingrui , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionImproved conservation of exploited freshwater biodiversity is an increasing priority globally, but in developing countries there is often little insight of stakeholder attitudes within the value chains through which exploited species are passed, upon which to make informed management decisions.MethodsWe determined knowledge concerning threatened freshwater fishes in Bangladesh by key stakeholder groups (fishermen, faria agents, commission agents, retailers and consumers; n = 485 respondents) and their participation level in the threatened fish value chain. We also determined factors affecting local ecological knowledge and participation in the value chain.Results and discussionThe highest mean number of threatened fish species (4.8 ± 3.5% of species) was identified by the fishermen group, whereas consumers identified fewest (0.5 ± 1.1% of species). All respondent groups participated in the threatened fish value chain and their participation varied across respondent groups. 45.3% of the total number of threatened fish species appeared in the value chain. Participation level was highest for commission agents, involved in the trade of 21.5 ± 4.2% of threatened fish species, and lowest for consumers (7.4 ± 6.5% of threatened species). For fishermen, the principal component “experience-income-age” and the interaction between education and financial loan factors affected fishers' participation in the threatened fish value chain positively whereas, this was negatively affected by their knowledge level of threatened fishes. This study reveals the poor knowledge of stakeholder groups regarding threatened fishes, but establishes their active participation in the value chain of these species in Bangladesh. With limited resources for conservation of threatened species in many developing countries, it is very risky to implement commonly used in-situ conservation methods (e.g., habitat quality improvement) without fuller buy-in from the stakeholders.ConclusionsWe recommend specific protection laws for threatened fishes and awareness building campaigns for stakeholder groups to ensure minimum impact to threatened fish species. As overharvesting is a major cause of threatened fish species decline, such training programmes should be designed for fishers in developing regions. Education programmes on threats to ecosystems and biodiversity should be prioritized in schools and fishing communities. In addition, regular monitoring for protected species at harvesting sites and fishing markets should be ensured.
Causal relationship between asthma and ulcerative colitis and the mediating role of interleukin-18: a bidirectional Mendelian study and mediation analysis
Authors: Zou Xin , Lu Rui-Ling , Liao Bin , Liu Shi-Jie , Dai Shi-Xue 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveNumerous observational investigations have documented a correlation between asthma and ulcerative colitis(UC). In this Mendelian Randomization (MR) study, we utilized extensive summary data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to further estimate the association between adult-onset asthma and the risk of UC, and to investigate the role of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a potential mediator.Materials and methodsA two-step, two-sample MR study was conducted through mediation analysis. For this study, we employed a two-sample MR analysis using the inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression techniques. We utilized publicly accessible summary statistics from a GWAS meta-analysis of adult-onset asthma in the UK Biobank (n=327,253; cases=26,582; controls=300,671) as the exposure factor. The outcomes were derived from GWAS data of individuals with European ancestry (n=26,405; cases=6,687; controls=19,718). GWAS data for IL-18 were obtained from individuals of European ancestry (n=9,785,222; cases=3,636; controls=9,781,586).ResultsThe MR analysis indicates that adult-onset asthma is associated with an increased risk of UC, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.019 (95% CI 1.001–1.045, P=0.006). However, there is no strong evidence to suggest that UC significantly impacts the risk of adult-onset asthma. IL-18 may act as a potential mediator in the causal relationship between adult-onset asthma and UC, with a mediation proportion of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.6%–6.9%).ConclusionIn summary, our study established a causal relationship between asthma and UC, in which IL-18 contributes to a small extent. However, the primary factors underlying the influence of asthma on UC remain unclear. Future research should focus on identifying other potential mediators. In clinical practice, it is important to pay greater attention to intestinal lesions in patients with asthma.
Walnut peptide alleviates obesity, inflammation and dyslipidemia in mice fed a high-fat diet by modulating the intestinal flora and metabolites
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Si , Zhang Tong , Lv Bijun , Jin Yanling , Wang Yue , Chen Xiaojiao , Li Ning , Han Niping , Wu Yueying , Yuan Jiali 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionObesity is a chronic disease in which the body stores excess energy in the form of fat, and intestinal bacterial metabolism and inflammatory host phenotypes influence the development of obesity. Walnut peptide (WP) is a small molecule biopeptide, and the mechanism of action of WP against metabolic disorders has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the potential intervention mechanism of WP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity through bioinformatics combined with animal experiments.MethodsPPI networks of Amino acids and their metabolites in WP (AMWP) and “obesity” and “inflammation” diseases were searched and constructed by using the database, and their core targets were enriched and analyzed. Subsequently, Cytoscape software was used to construct the network diagram of the AMWP-core target-KEGG pathway and analyze the topological parameters. MOE2019.0102 was used to verify the molecular docking of core AMWP and core target. Subsequently, an obese Mice model induced by an HFD was established, and the effects of WP on obesity were verified by observing weight changes, glucose, and lipid metabolism levels, liver pathological changes, the size of adipocytes in groin adipose tissue, inflammatory infiltration of colon tissue, and intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites.ResultsThe network pharmacology and molecular docking showed that glutathione oxide may be the main active component of AMWP, and its main targets may be EGFR, NOS3, MMP2, PLG, PTGS2, AR. Animal experiments showed that WP could reduce weight gain and improve glucose-lipid metabolism in HFD-induced obesity model mice, attenuate hepatic lesions reduce the size of adipocytes in inguinal adipose tissue, and reduce the inflammatory infiltration in colonic tissue. In addition, the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora were remodeled, reducing the phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, while the intestinal mucosal barrier was repaired, altering the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and alleviating intestinal inflammation in HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that WP intervenes in HFD-induced obesity and dyslipidemia by repairing the intestinal microenvironment, regulating flora metabolism and anti-inflammation.DiscussionOur findings suggest that WP intervenes in HFD-induced obesity and dyslipidemia by repairing the intestinal microenvironment, regulating flora metabolism, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, WP may be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating metabolic diseases, and for alleviating the intestinal flora disorders induced by these diseases. This provides valuable insights for the development of WP therapies.