bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein and adverse outcome in patients with acute mild ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA: a secondary analysis of the INSPIRES randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ding Yaowei , Jiang Lingling , Wang Tingting , Chen Yuxin , Pan Yuesong , Li Xiaotong , Yan Hongyi , Chen Weiqi , Zhang Guojun , Wang Yilong 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundResearch data regarding the correlation between elevated oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol concentrations and unfavourable clinical outcomes in individuals experiencing minor acute ischaemic cerebrovascular events or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) with presumed atherosclerotic aetiology are still limited.MethodsThis investigation incorporated a cohort of 5814 participants derived from the Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute High-Risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis clinical trial. The core laboratory conducted blinded measurements of baseline plasma oxLDL concentrations. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were employed to assess the correlations between oxLDL levels and adverse clinical events. The principal endpoint for efficacy assessment was defined as the occurrence of stroke within a 90-day follow-up period. Additional secondary endpoints encompassed composite vascular events during the same observation window. The main safety endpoint assessed was the occurrence of bleeding events of moderate to severe intensity.ResultsThe final analytical cohort comprised 5814 patients included in the final analysis. The mean age was 63.7±9.6 years, and 36.0% were female. The average concentration of circulating oxLDL was 36.62 µg/dL. Elevated oxLDL concentrations demonstrated a potential correlation with heightened stroke risk (T3 vs T1: HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.85), ischaemic stroke (T3 vs T1: HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.76) and composite vascular events (T3 vs T1: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.81) within 90 days. An increased concentration of oxLDL demonstrated a significant association with elevated susceptibility to moderate and severe haemorrhagic events (T3 vs T1: HR 3.61, 95% CI 1.26 to 10.34) within 90 days.ConclusionIncreased concentrations of oxLDL demonstrated an independent correlation with both stroke recurrence and the occurrence of moderate-to-severe haemorrhagic events in individuals presenting with acute minor ischaemic stroke or TIA at elevated risk, accompanied by intracranial or extracranial atherosclerotic lesions.
Stability of Cnoidal waves for the damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Antonelli Paolo , Shakarov Boris 
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with a linear damping on the one-dimensional torus and we investigate the stability of some solitary wave profiles within the dissipative dynamics. The undamped cubic NLS equation is well known to admit a family of periodic waves given by Jacobi elliptic functions of cnoidal type. We show that the family of cnoidal waves is orbitally stable. More precisely, by considering a sufficiently small perturbation of a given cnoidal wave at the initial time, the evolution will always remain close (up to symmetries of the equation) to the cnoidal wave whose mass is modulated according to the dissipative dynamics. This result extends the concept of orbital stability to this non-Hamiltonian evolution. Since cnoidal waves are not exact solutions to the damped NLS, the perturbation is forced away from the family of solitary wave profiles. In order to control this secular growth of the error, we find a first-order approximation of the solitary wave that takes into account the dissipative term. Then we use a suitable, exponentially decreasing Lyapunov functional that controls the [Formula: see text]-norm of the perturbation around the approximated solitons.
Denosumab Enhances antitumour Immunity by Suppressing SPP1 and Boosting Cytotoxic T Cells
Authors: Su Zezhuo , Yeung Maximus Chun Fai. , Han Shan , Yau Raymond Ching Hing. , Lam Ying Lee , Ho Kenneth Wai Yip. , Shek Tony Wai. , Shi Feng , Feng Shuang , Chen Hongtai , Ho Joshua Wing Kei. , Xu ZhiYuan , Cheung Jason Pui Yin. , Cheung Kelvin Sin Chi. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Denosumab, a RANKL inhibitor, is primarily used to prevent osteoclastogenesis in the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). RANKL also plays an important role in immunity by activating NF-κB and its target genes, including the osteopontin-coding gene SPP1 (also known as OPN), which is linked to CXCL9:SPP1 macrophage polarization and prognosis. In this study, we explored an additional role of denosumab in enhancing antitumour immunity in patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on nine human GCTB samples, including six untreated and three treated only with denosumab, to exclude confounding treatment factors linked with bone metastasis samples. We further analysed paired pre- and post-denosumab treated samples from a cohort of nine GCTB patients and conducted a pan-cancer analysis of 34 distinct types of cancers. Our single-cell analysis of GCTB resulted in a comprehensive cell atlas revealing an antitumour role of denosumab in inhibiting SPP1 expression and augmenting active cytotoxic T cell abundance. Furthermore, we validated this immunomodulatory role of denosumab using the paired GCTB samples. Finally, the pan-cancer analysis supported a negative correlation between SPP1 and CD8A levels, with the CD8A:SPP1 ratio correlating with overall survival in 14 cancer types, which was superior to either CD8A or SPP1 alone. Our research provides clinical evidence that denosumab improves antitumour immunity by decreasing SPP1 expression and enhancing cytotoxic T cell activity, serving as a milestone in the development of innovative use of denosumab and offering potential benefits to patients with elevated levels of SPP1.
Taxonomic review of Epeorus s. l. Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) in Sapporo City and adjacent areas, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: TAKAYANAGI TATSUSHI , YOSHIZAWA KAZUNORI 
Published: February 2025

Three species within the genus Epeorus s. l. Eaton, viz., Epeorus latifolium Uéno, 1928, E. L-nigrum Matsumura, 1931, and E. uenoi (Matsumura, 1933), whose types were collected from Sapporo City, Japan, and neighboring areas, have been confused for a long time. In this study, intensive field sampling and investigation of museum specimens revealed E. latifolium and E. L-nigrum are indeed distinct species, while E. uenoi is a synonym of E. latifolium. Thus, this study partially resolves the taxonomic confusion surrounding Japanese E. latifolium-like species. However, numerous closely related species in Northeast Asia remain challenging to delineate. A critical factor in this taxonomic ambiguity is the definition of subgenus Belovius Tshernova, 1981, as the description of its type species, E. latifolium, was based on a misidentified specimen. Additionally, this study presents morphological features and DNA sequence data for three other related species from the same areas, viz., E. curvatulus Matsumura, 1931; E. aesculus Imanishi, 1934; and E. nipponicus (Uéno, 1931). The subgeneric classification of each species is evaluated following Kluge’s (2004) system, with E. L-nigrum newly assigned to the subgenus Belovius and E. curvatulus to the subgenus Caucasiron Kluge, 1997.
Debunking the Two-phase Treatment Myth
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Nongthombam Haripriya 
Published: February 2025

Introduction The world of orthodontics has its fair share of debates. One such topic is that of one-phase versus two-phase treatment, or early versus late therapy, as some like to call it. To put it simply, a one-phase therapy is finished in a single stage, whereas the latter is carried out in two stages, throughout two different age periods. Aims and Objectives To assess and discuss the current notion of one-phase and two-phase therapy in the management of Class II malocclusion, along with their efficacy, long-term stability, cost effectiveness and patient compliance, as demonstrated by years of research. Methods All existing literature related to two-phase treatment and late single-phase treatment in Class II malocclusion cases were reviewed, analyzing the respective benefits and drawbacks. Results All the evidence advocates that two-phase treatment does not outperform one-phase treatment in skeletal correction, treatment stability, or reducing treatment complexity in Class II malocclusion. Early intervention can be beneficial in a few scenarios, but it typically prolongs treatment duration, increases costs, while reducing patient compliance. Conclusion This review indicates the need for re-evaluation of early two-phase treatment in Class II malocclusion. Rather than a generalized preference for early intervention, customised treatment planning is more desirable.
Exploring the possibilities of using assistive technology for people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Slavković Sanela , Ćeranić Isidora , Desideri Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Background Assistive Technology (AT) helps individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) to overcome limitations and enhance their social engagement by providing support in areas that would otherwise be difficult or unachievable. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the level of AT usage among individuals with MS and to address various questions related to the sociological implications of (non)use of AT devices, (un)awareness, and logistical barriers that prevent the full utilization of AT devices in the daily activities. Method 121 participants with previously diagnosed MS (26 AT users, 95 non-users), aged 18–65, were surveyed using a modified The Rapid Assistive Technology Assessment tool (rATA) covering: demographics, needs, supply, financing, satisfaction, and recommendations. Results Totally 21.5% of MS individuals used AT, dominantly mobility devices. Insecurity prevents desirable usage of AT devices. Affordability is a factor relevant for the device ownership. Both MS individuals and society lacked sufficient AT informedness. Conclusion Based on the results and current guidelines, it’s essential to improve policies, supplying, AT device enhancements, and education to fully utilize AT’s potential in people with MS.
Physical activity and testicular cancer survivorship health-related quality of life: a scoping review
Authors: Rovito Michael J. , Brazendale Keith , Gibson Samantha , Martinez Sydney , Fairman Ciaran , Badolato Craig , Lyon Timothy , Baird Bryce , Langan Jaclyn , Leslie M. K. 
Published: February 2025

Background: While the benefits of physical activity (PA) for cancer survivors are well-documented, there is limited research specifically exploring its effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among testicular cancer (TC) survivors. This review aims to examine the available literature on the relationship between PA and HRQoL in TC survivors post-treatment. Objective: To identify and synthesize existing studies on the effects of PA on HRQoL outcomes in TC survivors. Eligibility criteria: Studies that examined the relationship between PA, TC survivorship, and HRQoL across various phases of survivorship were included. Only peer-reviewed articles and gray literature addressing these topics were considered. Sources of evidence: A systematic search was conducted across seven databases and gray literature. Articles were evaluated based on titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews for inclusion. Charting methods: Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, studies were charted for key findings regarding the effects of PA on cancer-related fatigue, psychosocial outcomes, and HRQoL in TC survivors. The search also focused on identifying barriers to PA adherence and gaps in the current literature. Results: Three studies were examined: one experimental study, one feasibility study, and one cross-sectional study. Findings suggested that PA interventions could reduce cancer-related fatigue, improve psychosocial well-being, and enhance HRQoL indicators such as vitality, self-esteem, and social functioning. High-intensity interval training showed short-term benefits, while low-intensity activities demonstrated feasibility for broader adoption. Adherence barriers included treatment side effects and psychosocial factors. Limitations included small sample sizes, self-reported data, and lack of long-term follow-up. Conclusion: The findings suggest that PA can improve HRQoL in TC survivors, but significant gaps remain, particularly in terms of longitudinal studies, diverse populations, and tailored interventions. Future research should focus on developing scalable, sustainable PA interventions that address adherence and long-term health outcomes for TC survivors.
Sudden bilateral vision loss: a case report of frosted branch angiitis following pentavalent vaccination in a 2-year-old boy
Authors: Aljasir Mohammed Falah , Alhamad Dhoha Mohammed , Alsubhi Shahad Salah , Almalki Assaf Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Frosted branch angiitis (FBA) is a rare form of retinal vasculitis that can lead to significant vision loss. This case report presents a unique case of idiopathic FBA in a 2-year-old boy following pentavalent vaccination.

Case Presentation
A previously healthy 2-year-old Emirati boy presented with sudden painless bilateral vision loss for one day. His mother noted difficulty walking and a lack of interest in visual stimuli. A few days prior, the child had received a pentavalent vaccination and experienced upper respiratory tract symptoms. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral dilated pupils, anterior chamber inflammation, and extensive retinal vascular sheathing. Investigations were unremarkable. The patient was treated with oral Prednisolone and Acyclovir. Within two weeks, the vision improved significantly, with complete resolution of retinal vasculitis observed within one month. Over the course of one year, the patient showed no recurrence of symptoms, and only small, stable retinal scars were noted.

Conclusion
This case highlights the potential association between pentavalent vaccination and the onset of idiopathic FBA. The pathophysiology behind this association remains speculative, with potential mechanisms including immune dysregulation and molecular mimicry. Prompt recognition and treatment with systemic steroids can lead to favorable outcomes, emphasizing the importance of monitoring visual symptoms in pediatric patients following vaccination.
ChromInst: a multicentre evaluation of robustness in aneuploidy and structural rearrangement testing
Authors: Niu Wenbin , Dai Shanjun , Hu Linli , He Yao , Zhang Xiqian , Xue Xia , Wu Li , Jin Haixia , Liu Dun , Tong Keya , Shi Senlin , Tian Li , Zhou Yifan , Yao Guidong , Lu Sijia , Yao Yaxin , Zhao Dunmei , Jin Lei , Bai Haiyan , Liu Fenghua , Liu Dongyun , Sun Yingpu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy and for chromosomal structural rearrangement (PGT-A/-SR) can improve clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates, and shorten the time to pregnancy. The large-scale statistics on their efficacy and accuracy across different centres, as well as the frequency of abnormalities for each chromosome, will provide a valuable supplement to previous research.

Methods
Patients who had PGT-A or -SR procedures at five reproductive centres from 2018 to 2022 were recruited based on PGT-A/-SR indications. ChromInst and next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based PGT technology were utilised to detect copy number variations in embryos. Sequencing data metrics such as median absolute pairwise difference (MAPD) and detection success rate were analysed to evaluate the robustness of ChromInst. To assess ChromInst’s accuracy, the chromosomal results from amniocentesis, abortions, and neonatal blood was as the gold standard for negative PGT results; the fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), which was performed on embryos that identified as aneuploid through PGT was as the gold standard for positive PGT results. The frequency of abnormalities in each chromosome was also explored in aneuploid embryos.

Results
A total of 5,730 embryos were tested from 1,015 patients in the study, 391 of whom had PGT-A and 624 of whom had PGT-SR. 99.5% (5,699/5,730) of the embryos had an NGS sequencing MAPD value < 0.25, and 99.3% (5,689/5,730) of the embryos achieved successful PGT-A/-SR detection. Compared with the gold standard, the concordance of negative PGT-A/-SR results was 99.8% (506/507), and that of positive results was 99.8% (1,123/1,125). The euploidy rate in the PGT-A population was 45.9% (981/2,135). The proportion of euploid + balanced embryos was highest among couples with non-polymorphic inversions (44.6%, 152/341), followed by those with Robertsonian translocations (39.0%, 293/752), and lowest among those with reciprocal translocations (22.5%, 483/2,143). Chromosomes 16, 22, and 15 had the highest frequency of autosomal trisomies among the embryos from PGT-A patients, while chromosomes 16, 22, and 21 had the highest frequency of monosomies. High-frequency chromosomes with de novo chromosomal abnormalities for trisomies and monosomies were similar in the PGT-SR patients to those in the PGT-A patients.

Conclusions
ChromInst-based PGT-A/-SR could accommodate operational variations among different clinical centres, ensuring accurate results through robust and stable detection performance. Prior to PGT-A/-SR, more trustworthy data could be provided to support the genetic counselling.
Impact of partially defatted black soldier fly larvae meal on coccidia-infected chickens: effects on growth performance, intestinal health, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations
Authors: Yuan Jing , Ajuwon Kolapo M. , Adeola Olayiwola 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) stands out as a promising nutritional resource due to its rich bioactive substances and favorable protein profile. Nonetheless, its potential to mitigate coccidia infection in broilers remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partially defatted BSFLM (pBSFLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and intestinal health, focusing on morphology, immunology, and cecal fermentation in coccidia-infected broilers.

Methods
Over the initial 13 d, 480 newly-hatched Cobb 500 male birds were allocated to three diets with increasing pBSFLM concentrations (0, 60, or 120 g/kg). At d 13 post hatching, chicks within each dietary group were further allotted to non-challenge or challenge subsets, generating six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Challenged birds were orally administered oocysts of E. maxima, E. acervulina, and E. tenella (25,000:125,000:25,000).

Results
During the infection phase (d 13 to 19), linear interactions between Eimeria and pBSFLM were observed in gain to feed ratio (G:F) (P < 0.05) and cecal interferon-γ (IFN-γ, P < 0.05), with a tendency in cecal acetate concentration (P = 0.06). A quadratic interaction was observed in crypt depth (CD, P < 0.05). Incremental pBSFLM inclusion negatively affected G:F, CD, IFN-γ, and acetate productions in the ceca under coccidia challenge. Conversely in non-challenged birds, the impact of pBSFLM varied from neutral (e.g. G:F) to potentially advantageous (e.g. acetate). Challenged birds exhibited decreased (P < 0.01) BW, BW gain, feed intake (FI), and the apparent ileal digestibility and total tract nutrient utilization of DM, gross energy, and nitrogen (N). Eimeria challenge reduced (P < 0.01) serum carotenoid concentrations, decreased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD, P < 0.01), and increased concentrations of branched-chain fatty acids, specifically isobutyrate (P = 0.059) and isovalerate (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Dietary pBSFLM addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) BW, FI, and N utilization. Tendencies (P < 0.06) were observed where pBSFLM linearly decreased VH:CD and reduced goblet cell density.

Conclusions
Increasing pBSFLM supplementation, particularly at 12%, adversely affected growth, ileal morphology, cecal acetate production, and downregulated key cytokine expression in response to coccidia infection.
Long-term kinetics of proviral load in HTLV-1 carriers: defining risk for the development of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: Jimbo Koji , Nojima Masanori , Toriuchi Keiko , Yamagishi Makoto , Nakashima Makoto , Yamano Yoshihisa , Uchimaru Kaoru , Nannya Yasuhito 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Assessment of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) development among human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)-infected individuals (carriers) constitute a significant issue. A high HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in carriers has been used as a risk factor for ATL development and PVLs are considered to remain unchanged over time among carriers.

Methods
This single-center analysis used a cohort from a prospective observational study of HTLV-1 carriers in Japan (JSPFAD). Carriers whose PVL was measured at least twice between October 2004 and March 2023 were included. We used trajectory analysis to construct a kinetic model of the PVL.

Results
Analysis of 1371 samples from 252 carriers revealed a slight but significant increase in the PVL with age (P < 0.001). Trajectory analysis of PVL kinetics classified the carriers into six groups, in three of which increased over time. When we applied the model to 15 carriers who subsequently developed ATL, 12 (80%) were classified into the highest PVL group, with an estimated 15-year ATL development of 47.5% (95% confidence interval: 20.4–74.2%). Notably, younger patients are at greater risk of developing ATL if their PVL values are comparable. Our risk estimation model is available online (https://atlriskpredictor.shinyapps.io/ATL_risk_calculator/).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that the PVLs increases over time, allowing for prospective risk estimation for ATL development. Further validation is needed to assess the validity of this model.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered.
Impact of topographic change on the East Asian monsoon in Japan and Eastern Asia during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Gowan Evan James , Tomita Tomohiko , Nishioka Daiki , Zhang Xu , Sun Yong , Shi Xiaoxu , Knorr Gregor , Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Gierz Paul , Lohmann Gerrit , Obase Takashi , Kuniyoshi Yuta , Abe-Ouchi Ayako 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rainfall patterns in Eastern Asia are largely a consequence of the Asian winter and summer monsoons. On timescales 10

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4

–10

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6

of years, the position and strength of the monsoons change as a result of variations in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. However, locally, it is possible there is a superimposed signal due to sea level change. Due to the growth of ice sheets, primarily in northern North America and Europe, global average sea level fell about 120 m during the Last Glacial Maximum (27,000–19,500 years ago). This caused the broad shallow continental shelf regions in coastal Eastern Asia to be exposed, and also greatly limited the flow of warm Pacific water into the Sea of Japan. In this study, we perform climate modelling experiments to isolate the impact of the lower sea level on the rainfall patterns in Eastern Asia. We find that the lowered sea level locally increases the summer precipitation, impacting the southern parts of Japan as well as Eastern China. The lower sea level also causes a decrease in winter precipitation in Japan. Our oxygen isotope modelling results show that the lower sea level alone is sufficient to explain the extremely depleted

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18

O values measured from proxies in Last Glacial Maximum sediments in the Sea of Japan. These results show that the rainfall proxy records in the coastal Eastern Asia region, especially near the East China Sea, should not be interpreted as purely due to insolation driven changes to the monsoon front, as they also contain a local signal due to sea level changes. Further impacts of sea level changes on continental proxy records are likely limited, and they are measuring a purely global climate change signal.