bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undulating Seal Whiskers Evolved Optimal Wavelength‐to‐Diameter Ratio for Efficient Reduction in Vortex‐Induced Vibrations
Authors: Kamat Amar M. , Zheng Xingwen , Bos Julian , Cao Ming , Triantafyllou Michael S. , Kottapalli Ajay Giri Prakash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeals are well‐known for their remarkable hydrodynamic trail‐following capabilities made possible by undulating flow‐sensing whiskers that enable the seals to detect fish swimming as far as 180 m away. In this work, the form‐function relationship in the undulating whiskers of two different phocid seal species, viz. harbor and gray seals, is studied. The geometry and material properties of excised harbor and grey seal whiskers are systematically characterized using blue light 3D scanning, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. The effect of the undulating geometry on the whiskers’ vibration in uniform water flow is studied using both experimental (piezoelectric MEMS and 3D‐printed piezoresistive sensors developed in‐house) and numerical (finite element method) techniques. The results indicate that the dimensionless ratio of undulation wavelength to mean whisker diameter (λ/Dm) in phocid seals may have evolved to be in the optimal range of 4.4–4.6, enabling an order‐of‐magnitude reduction in vortex‐induced vibrations (compared to a similarly‐shaped circular cylinder) and, consequently, an enhanced flow sensing capability with minimal self‐induced noise. The results highlight the importance of the dimensionless λ/Dm ratio in the biomimetic design of seal whisker‐inspired vibration‐resistant structures, such as marine risers and wake detection sensors for submarines.
High‐Efficiency Single‐Droplet Energy Harvester for Self‐Sustainable Environmental Intelligent Networks
Authors: Wang Hai Lu , Zhang Bojian , Chen Tianyu , Mao Weining , Wang Yifan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur community is still far away from achieving self‐sustainable ambient intelligence, since it calls for rational energy layouts to satisfy the ubiquitous power demands from diverse terminal products. Harnessing energy directly from the surroundings thus provides ideal solutions. The majority of existing environmental harvesters rely on sophisticated procedures and expensive or toxic materials; while others attempt to streamline the complexity at the cost of compromising performance. This entails transducers that exhibit superb outputs and also employ cost‐effective, even recycled materials and straightforward protocols to render ubiquitous deployments. Here, a high‐efficiency droplet energy nanogenerator (DENG) is devised to satisfy all the requirements. The DENG is fabricated by directly coating a composite layer on a recycled digital video disk surface. It achieves superb electricity generation from one droplet, with an output voltage of >190 V at an instantaneous power density of 65 W m−2, and an energy conversion efficiency of 3.60%. Diverse demonstrations confirm the applicability of the DENG in environmental networks, encompassing self‐sustainable “on plants” sensing systems, smart building windows, and remote environmental monitoring platforms. In light of these superiorities, it is believed that the DENG may open up new alternative routes for future energy strategies.
Rational design of water‐soluble, homotypic keratins self‐assembly with enhanced bioactivities
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Yumei , Deng Jia , Qing Rui , Yang Yaxi , Chen Xiaoliang , Gao Zibin , Wang Bochu , Hao Shilei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecombinant keratins possess strong hemostatic and wound healing properties but suffer from poor water solubility that restricts their bioactivities in biomedical applications. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of water‐soluble keratins using a simple methodology named the QTY code. In vitro biophysical analyses and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated a 200‐fold increase in the water solubility of QTY variant keratins without apparent structural changes compared to native proteins. Homotypic self‐assembly was observed for the first time in recombinant keratins in an aqueous environment, without urea and after QTY modification. Cell and animal experiments showed the in situ gel‐forming capability of QTY variant keratins with superior hemostatic and wound healing activities at the wound sites compared to native recombinant keratins. Our work not only presented a simple and feasible pathway to produce large amounts of water‐soluble keratins using QTY modification but also validated the enhanced self‐assembly, hemostasis, and wound healing properties of these novel keratin species that may open up new venues for biomedical applications.
Characterization of seizures and EEG findings in creatine transporter deficiency due to SLC6A8 mutation
Authors: Abdennadher Myriam , Inati Sara K. , Rahhal Samar , Khan Omar , Bartolini Luca , Thurm Audrey , Theodore William , Miller Judith S. , Porter Forbes D. , Bianconi Simona 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSeizures occur in up to 59% of boys with creatine transporter deficiency (CTD). While seizure phenotypes have been previously described, electroencephalogram (EEG) findings have only been reported in several case reports. In this prospective observational study, we report seizure characteristics and EEG findings in combination with neurobehavioral and SLC6A8 pathogenic variants in twenty males with CTD. Eighteen study participants (SP) underwent video‐EEG, and seven had follow‐up EEG recordings. Seizures typically occurred by age of 2 years. Thirteen (65%) had non‐febrile seizures, requiring anti‐seizure medications in nine. Four had febrile seizures. Seizures were bilateral tonic–clonic in 7 SP and focal impaired awareness in 5 SP; often responding to 1 to 2 antiseizure medications. EEG showed slowing in 5 SP, beta activity in 6 SP, and focal/multifocal, and/or generalized epileptiform activity in 9 SP. Follow‐up EEGs in 7 SP showed emergence of epileptiform activity in 1 SP, and increased activity in 2 SP. In conclusion, seizures were frequent in our cohort but tended to respond to antiseizure medications. Longitudinal follow up provided further insight into emergence of seizures and EEG abnormalities soliciting future studies with long term follow up. Biomarkers of epileptogenicity in CTD are needed to predict seizures in this population.
Improving the transient thermal response and ablation properties of epoxy‐modified silicone rubber composites by adding fluxing agent
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhou Shengtai , Liang Mei , Zou Huawei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, transient thermal response and ablation behavior of liquid silicone rubber composites containing fluxing/ceramic forming fillers were investigated under different heat flows using an oxyacetylene flame. The results indicated that the introduction of zinc borate (ZB) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) effectively reduced the temperature at various depths of the samples, and they improved the thermal insulation properties and lowered pyrolysis rates. The above finding was attributed to the heat absorption arising from water release and melt filling as well as the vitrified reaction of solid melt due to the decomposition of ZB. Besides, the melting and exfoliation of Al2O3 and the formation of aluminum silicate (Al2SiO5) caused heat absorption effect. Additionally, the mass ablation rates and line ablation rates increased with rising heat flows coupling with a decrease of compressive strength of the char layers. In a nutshell, the effect of adding ZB/Al2O3 on the thermal insulation behavior of epoxy‐modified vinyl silicone rubber (EMVSR) composites under different heat flows was elucidtaed. This work served as a reference for the design and preparation of flexible ablative materials for thermal protection applications.
The impact of oleuropein on miRNAs regulating cell death signaling pathway in human cervical cancer cells
Authors: Amini‐Farsani Zeinab , Hashemi Sheikhshabani Somayeh , Shaygan Nasibeh , Asgharzade Samira 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is known as the second most pervasive malignancy in women across the globe. The role played by microRNAs (miRNAs) in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of this cancer has received specific attention. The use of natural compounds leading cancer cells toward apoptosis is a feasible strategy for cancer therapy. Oleuropein, an olive‐extracted phenolic substance, displays anticancer properties. Here, it was attempted to assess the role played by oleuropein in cell viability in cervical cancer and changes in the expression of some miRNAs associated with cervical cancer as well as some of their possible target genes selected using bioinformatics analysis. For this purpose, HeLa cell line was exposed to several oleuropein concentrations for 48 and 72 h. After that, 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry were employed to assess cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. In addition, to conduct bioinformatics analysis, Cytoscape computer program was used based on STRING database. Furthermore, to examine the role played by oleuropein in the expression of miRNAs of interest as well as their potential target genes, real‐time PCR was employed. The findings indicated that oleuropein reduced cell viability through inducing apoptosis. As a result of treatment with oleuropein, miR‐34a, miR‐125b, and miR‐29a showed increased expression levels, whereas miR‐181b, miR‐221, and miR‐16 showed decreased expression levels. Furthermore, oleuropein reduced the expression of the anti‐apoptotic genes Bcl‐2 and Mcl1, whereas it elevated the expression of the pro‐apoptotic Bid, Fas, and TNFRSF10B genes and the p53 tumor suppressor. Our results indicate that the apoptosis induction is a mechanism of action of oleuropein in HeLa cells. Because of its effect on the reflation of the expression of genes and miRNAs effective in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, oleuropein shows potential as an effective research tool for developing new natural drugs for treating cervical cancer.
MoS2 Nanoflakes based Kilohertz Electrochemical Capacitors
Authors: Bal Sourayan , Baranwal Rishav , Lin Xueyan , Li Wenyue , Yang Shize , Islam Nazifah , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn ultra‐fast electrochemical capacitor (EC) designed for efficient ripple current smoothing was fabricated using vertically oriented MoS2 (VOM) nanoflakes deposited on freestanding carbonized cellulose (CC) sheets as electrodes. The daily used cellulose tissue sheets were transformed into electrode scaffolds through a rapid pyrolysis process within a preheated furnace, on which VOM nanoflakes were formed in a conventional hydrothermal process. With these ~10 μm thick VOM‐CC electrodes, ultrafast ECs with tunable frequency response and specific capacitance density were fabricated. The ECs with a cell‐level areal capacitance density of 0.8 mF/cm2 at 120 Hz were demonstrated for ripple current filtering from 60 Hz to 60 kHz. At a lower frequency response level, EC cell with a large capacitance density of 4.8 mF/cm2 was also demonstrated. With the facile and easily scaled up process to producing the nanostructured electrode, the miniaturized VOM‐CC based ECs have the potential to substitute the bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors for current smoothing and pulse power applications.
Wasserstoff in Palladiumlegierungen
Authors: Brodowsky H. , Husemann H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn Palladiumlegierungen mit 4,78 Atom‐% Zinn, 5 Atom‐% Blei, 5 Atom‐% Rhodium und 16,7 Atom‐% Nickel wurden im Temperaturbereich von 30–175 °C und im Druckbereich von 1–800 Torr Wasserstoffabsorptionsisothermen gasvolumetrisch gemessen. Die thermodynamischen Exzeßfunktionen der Systeme Wasserstoff/Legierung konnten durch folgende Modellvorstellungen gedeutet werden: 1. Das Fermi‐Niveau der Legierung wird durch die Elektronen des Wasserstoffs entsprechend den Zustandsdichten von 4d‐ und 5s‐Band erhöht. 2. Das Gitter erfährt beim Eintritt der Protonen in die Oktaederlücken eine elastische Verspannung. Der Einfluß der Legierungszusätze stimmt mit der Vorstellung überein, daß die vier Außenelektronen des Zinns und des Bleis das 4d‐Band in Konkurrenz zu den Elektronen des Wasserstoffs auffüllen, daß das Rhodium hingegen die Zahl der Lücken im 4d‐Band vermehrt. Die beim Eintritt der Protonen in die Oktaederlücken aufzuwendende Energie der elastischen Verspannung wird durch Legierungspartner mit relativ großem Atom volumen ermäßigt, durch Legierungspartner mit kleinem Atomvolumen dagegen erhöht.
Die Dichte des Wassers von 200 bis 850 °C und von 1000 bis 6000 bar
Authors: Maier S. , Franck E. U. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMit einem statischen Verfahren wurde in einem Autoklaven aus einer hochwarmfesten und korrosionsfesten Nickellegierung die Dichte des Wassers bei 14 Temperaturen zwischen 200 und 850 °C gemessen. Der Maximaldruck betrug 6000 bar bis 800 °C und 4500 bar bei 850 °C. Die Apparatur wird beschrieben, und die etwa 200 Meßwerte werden mitgeteilt. Die kritische Abschätzung der Fehlerquellen ergibt einen Maximalfehler der Meß werte von etwa 1%. Zum Ausgleich der Dichtemeßwerte wird ein im ganzen Meßbereich brauchbares Polynom benutzt, das vom sechsten Grad für Temperatur und Druck ist. Der Betrag der mittleren Abweichung der Meßwerte von den Werten des Polynoms beträgt 0,43%. Die Kompressionskoeffizienten z = pv/RT für den Meßbereich werden angegeben.
Countercurrent‐exchange‐electrolysis applied to a lead‐thallium system
Authors: Arkenbout G. J. , Smit W. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA simple method has been developed for testing the column performance in countercurrent‐exchange‐electrolysis. This separation process is based on an exchange between an electrolyte phase and an electrode phase like an amalgam, transported in countercurrent through a column.Lead and thallium appeared to be a suitable metal pair for testing exchange columns.When dissolved in an acidic medium lead and thallium are difficult to separate and thus suitable for the determination of large plate numbers. However, when dissolved in an alkaline medium, these two metals may be simply analyzed by means of a polarograph.The performance of a sand filled column with a length of 1 m was tested by exchange experiments without application of reflux. Plate numbers of 50 ± 20 and 20 ± 5 per m were obtained using flow rates of 0.1 and 0.2 ml/min cm2 respectively.The concentration distribution in a column without a reflux section is dicussed.
Becoming Natural: The Naturalization of Synthetic Flavors in the Twentieth Century and the Introduction of Konsumstoff
Authors: Gennermann Paulina S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIs it possible that non‐natural chemical substances become natural without changing their chemical, physical or physiological characteristics? The history of synthetic flavors with a special emphasis on vanillin suggests that yes, it is possible. This process is called naturalization and means in this case the change of status of a synthetic flavor to something natural. In this article the history of vanillin as a frequently used flavor and its transformation into a natural ingredient in the twentieth century will be presented and analyzed. Studying the particular characteristics of vanillin, it seems that known concepts in the history of science like Ersatzstoff (surrogate) or Wirkstoff (active agent) do not constitute the best fit in describing this flavoring agent. Categorizing vanillin as a Konsumstoff (commodity agent) seems more useful in order to classify its characteristics and its historical development. I suggest using Konsumstoff as a new theoretical and methodological approach to study the history of chemical substances. In this article, the concept of Konsumstoff will be outlined and developed using the vanillin case as a paradigmatic example.
Conservative and cost‐effective rehabilitation of a deep bite patient with worn dentition: A case report of the Dahl technique approach
Authors: Rezaei Mahla , Chalakinia Hossein , Mohammadi Maedeh Doost , Khosravi Farzaneh 
Published: October 2023

Key clinical messageThe reformation of teeth with severe wear is a real challenge for clinicians. Through a clinical case study, this case illustrates a minimally invasive approach using the Dahl technique and bonded restorations for the treatment of a worn dentition with a loss of vertical dimension of occlusion and restoring ideal aesthetics.
Successful treatment of resistant plantar ulcerative lichen planus with tofacitinib: A case report and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Bazargan Afsaneh Sadeghzadeh , Jafarzadeh Alireza , Nobari Niloufar Najar 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageUlcerative lichen planus, a challenging variant of lichen planus, has limited response to traditional treatments. Tofacitinib, a JAK–STAT pathway inhibitor, shows promise in effectively treating these lesions.AbstractLichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease that can cause various manifestations, such as itchy erythematous papules, cicatricial alopecia, erosion, and mucocutaneous ulcers. One uncommon manifestation of this disease is the occurrence of erosion and skin ulcers in the soles of the feet, which can cause many problems for patients. Tofacitinib, a Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitor drug, has found a special place in the field of inflammatory diseases, especially inflammatory skin diseases. In this regard, studies on the effective role of this drug in the treatment of certain forms of lichen planus, including lichen planopilaris, and erosive lichen planus have been performed. In upcoming study, we introduce a 52‐year‐old woman with lichen planus who complained of ulcerative lesions on the sole of her foot, for whom a diagnosis of plantar ulcerative lichen planus was proposed. After the patient did not respond therapeutically to intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, as well as methotrexate and cyclosporine tablets, significant improvement was finally achieved with a 5 mg twice daily dose of tofacitinib. In the following, we will comprehensively review previous articles on the role of tofacitinib in the treatment of lichen planus lesions, as well as the proposed treatment options for erosive and ulcerative lichen planus lesions specifically located on the sole of the foot. Despite limited reports of the successful treatment of mucosal erosive lesions in the oral, esophageal, genital, and ocular mucosa areas with tofacitinib, no previous study has reported the successful treatment of ulcerative lichen planus lesions of the plantar area with tofacitinib. While reporting this case, we recommend considering tofacitinib as a treatment option for plantar ulcerative lichen planus. To confirm its effectiveness, it is necessary to conduct more extensive studies with a larger sample size.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycosyl Luciferins
Authors: Sondag Daan , de Kleijne Frank F. J. , Castermans Sam , Chatzakis Isa , van Geffen Mark , van't Veer Cornelis , van Heerde Waander L. , Boltje Thomas J. , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMeasuring glycosidase activity is important to monitor any aberrations in carbohydrate hydrolase activity, but also for the screening of potential glycosidase inhibitors. To this end, synthetic substrates are needed which provide an enzyme‐dependent read‐out upon hydrolysis by the glycosidase. Herein, we present two new routes for the synthesis of caged luminescent carbohydrates, which can be used for determining glycosidase activity with a luminescent reporter molecule. The substrates were validated with glycosidase and revealed a clear linear range and enzyme‐dependent signal upon the in situ generation of the luciferin moiety from the corresponding nitrile precursors. Besides, we showed that these compounds could directly be synthesized from unprotected glycosyl‐α‐fluorides in a two‐step procedure with yields up to 75 %. The intermediate methyl imidate appeared a key intermediate which also reacted with d‐cysteine to give the corresponding d‐luciferin substrate rendering this a highly attractive method for synthesizing glycosyl luciferins in good yields.
Chromium(VI) Oxyfluoride Dianions, [Cr2O4F6]2− and [CrO2F4]2−; Syntheses and Structures of [XeF5]2[Cr2O4F6], [XeF5]2[Cr2O4F6] ⋅ nX (X=HF, n=4; X=XeOF4, n=2), and [XeF5][Xe2F11][CrO2F4]
Authors: Bortolus Mark R. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fluorobasic character of the strong oxidative fluorinator, XeF6, and the oxidative resistance of the [XeF5]+ and [Xe2F11]+ cations have been exploited for the syntheses of several novel Cr(VI) dianion salts. The reactions of XeF6 and CrO2F2 in anhydrous HF and by direct fusion of the reactants in melts have yielded the first dinuclear Cr(VI) oxyfluoro‐dianion salts, [XeF5]2[Cr2O4F6], [XeF5]2[Cr2O4F6] ⋅ 4HF, [XeF5]2[Cr2O4F6] ⋅ 2XeOF4, and mononuclear Cr(VI) oxyfluoro‐dianion salt, [XeF5][Xe2F11][CrO2F4]. The salts were structurally characterized by low‐temperature (LT) single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) and LT Raman spectroscopy. The [CrO2F4]2− and [Cr2O4F6]2− dianions have distorted octahedral cis‐dioxo Cr(VI) coordination spheres in which two F‐atoms are trans to one another and two F‐atoms are trans to O‐atoms, where the [Cr2O4F6]2− dianion is the fluorine‐bridged dimer of the [CrO2F3]− anion. Quantum‐chemical calculations were used to obtain the energy‐minimized, gas‐phase geometries, and the calculated vibrational spectra of the gas‐phase dianions and their ion‐pairs, which were used to aid in the vibrational frequency assignments of the crystalline salts. NBO and MEPS analyses and SCXRD show these salts are comprised of intimate ion‐pairs in which their cations and anions interact through primarily electrostatic Xe‐ ‐ ‐F σ‐hole bonds.