bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of general and central adiposity with hypertension and cardiovascular disease among South Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Re Federica , Oguntade Ayodipupo S , Bohrmann Bastian , Bragg Fiona , Carter Jennifer L 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundThe relevance of measures of general and central adiposity for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in populations of European descent is well established. However, it is less well characterised in South Asian populations, who characteristically manifest larger waist circumferences (WC) for equivalent body mass index (BMI). This systematic review and meta-analysis provide an overview of the literature on the association of different anthropometric measures with CVD risk among South Asians.MethodologyMEDLINE and Embase were searched from 1990 to the present for studies in South Asian populations investigating associations of two or more adiposity measures with CVD. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on the associations of BMI, WC and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with blood pressure, hypertension and CVD. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsTitles and abstracts were screened for 7327 studies, yielding 147 full-text reviews. The final sample (n=30) included 2 prospective, 5 case-control and 23 cross-sectional studies. Studies reported generally higher risks of hypertension and CVD at higher adiposity levels. The pooled mean difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) per 5 kg/m2higher BMI was 3 mmHg (2.90 (95% CI 1.30 to 4.50)) and 6 mmHg (6.31 (95% CI 4.81 to 7.81) per 13 cm larger WC. The odds ratio (OR) of hypertension per 5 kg/m2higher BMI was 1.33 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.51), 1.45 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.98) per 13 cm larger WC and 1.22 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.41) per 0.1-unit larger WHR. Pooled risk of CVD for BMI-defined overweight versus healthy-weight was 1.65 (95% CI 1.55 to 1.75) and 1.48 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.80) and 2.51 (95% CI 0.94 to 6.69) for normal versus large WC and WHR, respectively. Study quality was average with significant heterogeneity.ConclusionsMeasures of both general and central adiposity had similar, strong positive associations with the risk of CVD in South Asians. Larger prospective studies are required to clarify which measures of body composition are more informative for targeted CVD primary prevention in this population.
Explore the use of complementary and alternative medicine among Chinese gynaecological patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Zhang Jianjun , Luo Biru , Liu Xinru , He Yalin , Zuo Yan 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by Chinese gynaecological oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy and discuss measures to address the existing gaps.DesignQualitative phenomenology. Semistructured in-depth interview. Colaizzi’s method data analysis.SettingA tertiary general hospital.Participants16 gynaecological oncology patients (mean age 51.7) having undergone ≥1 chemotherapy cycle were recruited by purposive sampling.ResultsSix themes were generated. The participants were under-informed about CAM concept and options. They were open to explore various modalities after chemotherapy as long as it could alleviate symptoms. The gynaecological patients with cancer sought information about CAM from diverse sources, with professional expertise being the most desirable way to seek information. They used CAM as a strategy to support continued chemotherapy and for symptom alleviation. Financial burden was not stressed but they had concerns about sustainability of some therapies. Their attitudes toward different CAM types varied. Some were sceptical about the efficacy.ConclusionsThe Chinese gynaecological oncology patients may be under-informed about CAM. They are open to use various CAM therapies for symptom relief and as a support strategy. However, their attitudes toward specific therapies may vary. Some may host scepticism about certain CAM modalities. The patients actively seek information on CAM and treatment resources but prefer professional expertise to other sources. Financial burden due to continued CAM use is inconclusive due to possible sampling bias. Sustainability of CAM therapies is a common concern because of limited resources and access. Education on CAM should be incorporated into the curriculum of healthcare professionals. Oncologists and nurses should educate gynaecological patients with cancer on the concept and options of CAM, preferably with information tailored to patient’s individual needs. Health authorities should advocate provisions of diverse CAM services and develop the necessary technologies such as network of local care resources.
Tranexamic acid in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of tranexamic acid at reducing the recurrence of heterotopic ossification after open elbow arthrolysis
Authors: Cui Haomin , Luo Gang , Wang Yin , Luan Min , He Kuangyu , Ruan Jihao , Li Juehong , Lou Tengfei , Sun Ziyang , Chen Shuai , Yu Shiyang , Wang Wei , Fan Cunyi 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionExaggerated inflammatory response is one of the main mechanisms underlying heterotopic ossification (HO). It has been suggested that the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) can exert a significant anti-inflammatory effect during orthopaedic surgery. However, no prospective studies have yet investigated the effects of TXA on HO recurrence in patients following open elbow arthrolysis (OEA).Methods and analysisHere, we present a protocol for a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of TXA on HO recurrence after OEA in a single hospital. A minimum sample size of 138 eligible and consenting participants randomised into treatment and control groups in a 1:1 manner will be included. Patients will receive 2 g of intravenous TXA (experimental group) or placebo (normal saline, control group) administered before skin incision. The primary outcome is HO recurrence rate within 12 months after surgery. The secondary outcomes are the serum immune-inflammatory cytokines including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, IL-13 at the first and third day postoperatively, and elbow range of motion and functional score at 1.5, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. After completion of the trial, the results will be reported in accordance with the extensions of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Statement for trials. The results of this study should determine whether TXA can reduce the rates of HO occurrence after OEA.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (reference number 2022-123-(1)). The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at academic conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR2300068106.
Prognostic value of acute National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Items on disability: a registry study of first-ever stroke in the western part of Sweden
Authors: Hagberg Guri , Ihle-Hansen Haakon , Abzhandadze Tamar , Reinholdsson Malin , Hansen Hege Ihle , Sunnerhagen Katharina S 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to study how the individual items of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission predict functional independence 3 months post-stroke in patients with first-ever stroke.SettingThis registry-based study used data from two Swedish stroke registers (Riksstroke, the mandatory national quality register for stroke care in Sweden, and Väststroke, a local quality stroke register in Gothenburg).ParticipantsThis study included patients with first-ever acute stroke admitted from November 2014 to August 2018, with available NIHSS at admission and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3-month follow-up.Primary outcomeThe primary outcome variable was mRS≤1 (defined as an excellent outcome) at 3-month follow-up.ResultsWe included 1471 patients, mean age was 72 (± 14.5) years, 48% were female, and 66% had mild strokes (NIHSS≤3). In adjusted binary logistic regression analysis, the NIHSS items impaired right motor arm and leg, and impairment in visual field, reduced the odds of an excellent outcome at 3 months ((OR 0.60 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.98), OR 0.60 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.97), and OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.94)). When exploring the effect size of associations between NIHSS items and mRS≤1 p, orientation, language and right leg motor had the largest yet small association.ConclusionsStroke patients with scores on the NIHSS items right motor symptoms or visual field at admission are less likely to have an excellent outcome at 3 months. Clinicians should consider the NIHSS items affected, not only the total NIHSS score, both in treatment guidance and prognostics.
Attitude and influencing factors on exercise in patients with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Jing , Tong Shuping , Niu Yuehong , Lu Bingqing 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the attitudes towards exercise, factors influencing exercise and exercise-related needs of patients with moderately to severely active inflammatory bowel disease.DesignA qualitative phenomenological research.SettingThe study was conducted at a comprehensive tertiary hospital in Suzhou, China, which is a secondary care facility.ParticipantsThe study included 17 participants who met specific inclusion criteria: aged between 16 and 70 years, diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease and in a state of moderate to severe disease activity. Participants were required to be capable of clear self-expression and provide voluntary consent. Exclusion criteria included the presence of cancer or severe physical illness, cognitive impairment or mental illness.InterventionsSemistructured interviews were used to collect data.ResultsThe exercise experiences of participants with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease yielded three themes: attitudes towards exercise, factors influencing exercise and exercise-related needs.ConclusionThe majority of participants had negative attitudes towards exercise during periods of moderate to severe activity, largely influenced by disease activity, symptom management, inadequate knowledge of exercise and uncertainty about the value of exercise. Of particular note, professional guidance was generally recognised as stimulating a willingness to exercise positively, and participants demonstrated a strong need for professional guidance. Therefore, it is recommended that clear exercise guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease be constructed to ensure that patients receive safe and effective guidance to develop a healthy lifestyle in order to maximise the benefits of exercise.
Assessment of willingness and determinants to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among the general population of the Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia: a 2021 cross-sectional study
Authors: Wolde Maereg , Wasihun Yosef , Melesse Addisalem , Tadesse Trhas , Sharma Rachana , Mon Hnin Su , Challa Andinet , Simireta Tesfaye , Addisu Hailemariam 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThis research aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and the factors influencing it among the population of the Somali region in Ethiopia through a cross-sectional COVID-19 survey.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe survey was conducted in eight selected districts of the Somali region in Ethiopia from 20 October 2021 to 30 October 2021.ParticipantsParticipants were chosen using simple random sampling and data analysis used Stata V.14. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression methods were applied, with variables having a p value below 0.2 considered for inclusion in the final model, where statistically significant factors were identified at p<0.5.Primary outcome measureWillingness to take the vaccine.ResultsA total of 1010 respondents participated in this study. The proportion of people’s willingness to take the vaccine was 65% (95% CI 62 to 68). When you believe moderately or highly that getting a COVID-19 vaccine will protect others (AOR=6.2, 95% CI 1.43 to 26.6) and (AOR=7.2, 95% CI 1.7 to 29.7), then you will protect others as well. Whereas, a desire to get vaccinated little, moderately and highly (AOR=4.3, 95% CI 1.77 to 10.4), (AOR=20, 95% CI 8.5 to 47) and (AOR=147, 95% CI 55 to 392), respectively, was significantly associated with willingness to take the vaccine. Moreover having close family and friends who want them to get a COVID-19 vaccine (AOR=2, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.57) and religious leaders or community leaders (AOR=1.8, 95% CI 1 to 3.1) were significant factors in the multivariable logistic regression model.ConclusionThis study found that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was low in the Somali region. Factors positively linked to one’s willingness to get vaccinated included the belief that it protects others, personal desire for vaccination and support from family, friends, community and religious leaders.
anyH3: precise predictions for the trilinear Higgs coupling in the Standard Model and beyond
Authors: Bahl Henning , Braathen Johannes , Gabelmann Martin , Weiglein Georg 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe trilinear Higgs coupling $$\lambda _{hhh}$$

λ

hhh

of the detected Higgs boson is an important probe for physics beyond the Standard Model. Correspondingly, improving the precision of the theoretical predictions for this coupling as well as the experimental constraints on it are among the main goals of particle physics in the near future. In this article, we present the public code , which provides precise theoretical predictions for $$\lambda _{hhh}.$$

λ

hhh

.

The program can easily be used for any renormalisable model, where for the input the format is adopted. It allows including corrections up to the full one-loop level with arbitrary values of the external squared momenta and features a semi-automatic and highly flexible renormalisation procedure. The code is validated against known results in the literature. Moreover, we present new results for $$\lambda _{hhh}$$

λ

hhh

in models which so far have not been investigated in the literature.
Machine-learned exclusion limits without binning
Authors: Arganda Ernesto , Perez Andres D. , de los Rios Martín , Sandá Seoane Rosa María 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMachine-learned likelihoods (MLL) combines machine-learning classification techniques with likelihood-based inference tests to estimate the experimental sensitivity of high-dimensional data sets. We extend the MLL method by including kernel density estimators (KDE) to avoid binning the classifier output to extract the resulting one-dimensional signal and background probability density functions. We first test our method on toy models generated with multivariate Gaussian distributions, where the true probability distribution functions are known. Later, we apply the method to two cases of interest at the LHC: a search for exotic Higgs bosons, and a $$Z'$$

Z
′

boson decaying into lepton pairs. In contrast to physical-based quantities, the typical fluctuations of the ML outputs give non-smooth probability distributions for pure-signal and pure-background samples. The non-smoothness is propagated into the density estimation due to the good performance and flexibility of the KDE method. We study its impact on the final significance computation, and we compare the results using the average of several independent ML output realizations, which allows us to obtain smoother distributions. We conclude that the significance estimation turns out to be not sensible to this issue.
Viscous effect in the late time evolution of phantom universe
Authors: Yang Jing , Lin Rui-Hui , Feng Chao-Jun , Zhai Xiang-Hua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe investigate the cosmological implications of a phantom dark energy model with bulk viscosity. We explore this model as a possible way to resolve the big rip singularity problem that plagues the phantom models. We use the latest type Ia supernova and Hubble parameter data to constrain the model parameters and find that the data favor a significant bulk viscosity over a non-constant potential term for the phantom field. We perform a dynamical analysis of the model and show that the only stable and physical attractor corresponds to a phantom-dominated era with a total equation of state that can be greater than $$-1$$

-
1

due to the viscosity. We also study the general effect of viscosity on the phantom field and the late time evolution of the universe. We apply the statefinder diagnostic to the model and find that it approaches a nearby fixed point asymptotically, indicating that the universe can escape the big rip singularity with the presence of bulk viscosity. We conclude that bulk viscosity can play an important role in affecting the late-time behavior as well as alleviating the singularity problem of the phantom universe.
Observable gravitational waves from hyperkination in Palatini gravity and beyond
Authors: Sánchez López Samuel , Dimopoulos Konstantinos , Karam Alexandros , Tomberg Eemeli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe consider cosmology with an inflaton scalar field with an additional quartic kinetic term. Such a theory can be motivated by Palatini $$R+R^2$$

R
+

R
2

modified gravity. Assuming a runaway inflaton potential, we take the Universe to become dominated by the kinetic energy density of the scalar field after inflation. Initially, the leading kinetic term is quartic and we call the corresponding period hyperkination. Subsequently, the usual quadratic kinetic term takes over and we have regular kination, until reheating. We study, both analytically and numerically, the spectrum of primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation and re-entering the horizon during the subsequent eras. We demonstrate that the spectrum is flat for modes re-entering during radiation domination and hyperkination and linear in frequency for modes re-entering during kination: kinetic domination boosts the spectrum, but hyperkination truncates its peak. As a result, the effects of the kinetic period can be extended to observable frequencies without generating excessive gravitational waves, which could otherwise destabilise the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. We show that there is ample parameter space for the primordial gravitational waves to be observable in the near future. If observed, the amplitude and ‘knee’ of the spectrum will provide valuable insights into the background theory.
Constraining physical parameters of DESs via the secondary component of the GW190814 event and other self-bound NS pulsars in f(Q)-gravity theory
Authors: Bhar Piyali , Errehymy Abdelghani , Ray Saibal 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe spherically symmetric dark energy (DE) stellar model is presented here within the context of the f(Q) theory of gravity. In order to develop the model, we take into account the linear functional form of f(Q) as $$f(Q)=mQ+n$$

f
(
Q
)
=
m
Q
+
n

, where m is the coupling parameter and n is a real constant. We further assume that the stellar model is composed of normal baryonic matter along with DE; however, for the sake of simplicity, we avoid the interaction between them. The impact of the coupling parameter m on different physical parameters of DE stars (DESs) has been thoroughly investigated. For various values of m specified in the figure, the numerical values of the physical parameters are shown in tabular form. It is found that as m increases, the DES candidates become gradually massive and larger in size. In order to compare the behaviour of DESs with the observational results, we use the measurement of the GW190814 event and the three NS pulsars, viz. 4U1608-52 (mass $$= 1.74_{- 0.14}^{+0.14}~M_{\odot }$$

=
1
.

74

-
0.14

+
0.14

M
⊙

), PSR J1614-2230 (mass $$=1.97_{-0.04}^{+0.04}~M_{\odot }$$

=
1
.

97

-
0.04

+
0.04

M
⊙

), and PSR J0952-0607 (mass $$=2.35_{- 0.17}^{+0.17}~M_{\odot }$$

=
2
.

35

-
0.17

+
0.17

M
⊙

). With the help of the $$M-R$$

M
-
R

plot, the maximum mass of the DES obtained from our model is $$2.57~M_{\odot }$$

2.57

M
⊙

, which is located within the lower “mass gap” range. To cover the observational constraints, this DES can be a representative for the secondary component of the GW190814 event, whose mass range is detected to be $$2.59_{-0.09}^{+0.08}~M_{\odot }$$

2
.

59

-
0.09

+
0.08

M
⊙

by LIGO/VIRGO experiments.
Untangling pair synergy in the evolution of collaborative scientific impact
Authors: Son Gangmin , Yun Jinhyuk , Jeong Hawoong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSynergy, or team chemistry, is an elusive concept that explains how collaboration is able to yield outcomes beyond expectations. Here, we reveal its presence and underlying mechanisms in pairwise scientific collaboration by reconstructing the publication histories of 560,689 individual scientists and 1,026,196 pairs of scientists. We quantify pair synergy by extracting the non-additive effects of collaboration on scientific impact, which are not confounded by prior collaboration experience or luck. We employ a network inference methodology with the stochastic block model to investigate the mechanism of pair synergy and its connection to individual attributes. The inferred block structure, derived solely from the observed types of synergy, can anticipate an undetermined type of synergy between two scientists who have never collaborated. This suggests that synergy arises from a suitable combination of certain, yet unidentified, individual characteristics. Furthermore, the most relevant to pair synergy is research interest, although its diversity does not lead to complementarity across all disciplines. Our results pave the way for understanding the dynamics of collaborative success in science and unlocking the hidden potential of collaboration by matchmaking between scientists.
Arc crossing change is an unknotting operation
Authors: Cericola Christopher 
Published: December 2023

This paper defines a new operation through extending the idea of the 0-dimensional crossing change and Shimizu’s 2-dimensional region crossing change [A. Shimizu, Region crossing change is an unknotting operation, J. Math. Soc. Jpn. 66(3) (2014) 693–708, doi:10.2969/jmsj/06630693] to a 1-dimensional version called the arc crossing change. We will also prove that the arc crossing change is an unknotting operation with the help of Gauss diagrams.
q-deformed Bose statistics and the Gross–Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Maleki Mahnaz , Ebadi Zahra , Mohammadzadeh Hosein 
Published: December 2023

In continuation of our earlier work on the nonextensive form of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) [M. Maleki, H. Mohammadzadeh and Z. Ebadi, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. 20 (2023) 2350216], we now delve into its [Formula: see text]-deformed counterpart. GPE is a type of nonlinear partial differential equation that is specifically designed to describe the behavior of a group of particles with Bose–Einstein statistics, such as atoms in a superfluid or a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). In some systems, the standard Bose–Einstein or Fermi–Dirac statistics may not apply, and generalized statistics may be needed to describe the behavior of the particles. Therefore in this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a system with particle obeying [Formula: see text]-deformed statistics described by the [Formula: see text]-deformed GPE. First, we use the oscillator algebra and [Formula: see text]-calculus to obtain the well-known Schrödinger equation. By selecting an appropriate Hamiltonian for the condensate phase and minimizing the free energy, we derive the [Formula: see text]-deformed time-independent GPE.