bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Course Oral Antiviral Treatment for Recurrent Genital Herpes
Authors: Sharp Randall P , Gales Barry J 
Published: October 2003

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the literature regarding short-course oral therapy for recurrent genital herpes. DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966–March 2003), IOWA Drug Information Service (1966–March 2003), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1966–March 2003). DATA SYNTHESIS: Data are available describing short-course (2 or 3 d) therapy with acyclovir and valacyclovir. Short-course acyclovir therapy was superior to placebo. Three- and 5-day regimens of valacyclovir were equivalent. Early initiation of therapy may be more important than duration of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: More head-to-head studies are needed to determine the most efficacious and cost-effective short-course regimens for recurrent genital herpes.
Meta-Analysis of Placebo Rates in Major Depressive Disorder Trials
Authors: Stolk Pieter , Berg Maarten J ten , Hemels Michiel EH , Einarson Thomas R 
Published: October 2003

BACKGROUND: Placebo effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) have received much interest in the medical literature. However, few quantitative analyses have been done in homogeneous populations. OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy rates for placebo in patients with MDD; to quantify the correlation between efficacy and publication year, as well as between placebo and drug response rates. DESIGN: Searching MEDLINE (1966–December 2000), EMBASE (1998–February 2001), HealthSTAR (1975–December 2000), and Cochrane (1980–December 2000) databases, randomized, placebo-controlled trials were retrieved including patients with MDD as defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd and 4th editions criteria, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score ≥18 or Montgomery—Asberg Depression Rating Scale score ≥16, reporting successes as 50% decreases in scores after 6–8 weeks of treatment. Response rates were summarized using a random effects meta-analysis for per protocol (PP) and intent-to-treat (ITT) results. RESULTS: We included 24 of 134 potential studies examining 4459 patients, 1786 on placebo and 2673 on an antidepressant. Placebo response rates were 45.5% (PP) and 26.9% (ITT). Correlations were significant between year and rates (PP rho 0.448, p = 0.042; ITT rho 0.557; p = 0.006), but not for active drugs. Placebo and drug rates were correlated (PP r 0.397, p = 0.020; ITT r 0.539; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: These placebo rates confirm those reported previously, but were from a homogeneous population. Although statistically significant, the correlation between drug and placebo rates was lower than others reported. During the study period, placebo rates increased linearly; active drugs did not. Correlations between placebo and drug response rates reflected moderate to strong effect sizes. We suggest that current methodology has been unsuccessful in achieving unbiased double-blind conditions not influenced by extra-trial factors, including time.
Targeting tourists with state branding programs
Authors: Patterson Paul M. , Burkink Timothy J. , Lipsey Rozlyn S. , Lipsey Jason , Roth Richard W. , Martin Mary Kay 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe value tourists place on state of origin, as conveyed through a state brand or a description of origin, was evaluated for restaurant menu items and gift shop items. The implicit prices for the Arizona Grown logo and an Arizona origin description were determined through a conjoint analysis experiment. It was determined that tourists do value information on the local origin of their menu selections. Similarly, buyers of salsa and candy also value local origin. These findings suggest new marketing opportunities for Arizona farmers and retail outlets. They also provide some justification for charging a licensing fee for participants in a branding program. [EconLit citations: Q130, M300]. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 525–538, 2003.
Aktivierung von Bor‐ und Siliciumreagentien bei stereokontrollierten Allylierungen
Authors: Kennedy Jason W. J. , Hall Dennis G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractBor‐ und Silicium‐Allylierungsreagentien sind bei stereokontrollierten Synthesen zwar weit verbreitet, ihre Anwendung unterliegt aber einer Reihe von Einschränkungen, die ihre Weiterentwicklung als Synthesereagentien für nucleophile Additionen an Carbonylverbindungen und Iminderivate verzögert haben. Zu diesen Einschränkungen gehören die geringe Reaktivität und Diastereoselektivität von Allyltrialkylsilanreagentien und das Fehlen von Katalysatoren für die Aktivierung und substöchiometrische Kontrolle der Enantioselektivität bei Additionen von Allylborreagentien. Um wirksamere und allgemein anwendbare Methoden zur Kontrolle der absoluten Konfiguration in den entstehenden Homoallylalkoholen zu entwickeln, sind neue Ansätze erforderlich, die sich auf das Problem der Aktivierung von Allylbor‐ und Allylsiliciumreagentien konzentrieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt eine Reihe neuer Methoden, die zur Lösung dieses Problems entwickelt wurden.
Rheumatology patients' use of complementary therapies: Results from a one‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Rao Jaya K. , Kroenke Kurt , Mihaliak Kimberly A. , Grambow Steven C. , Weinberger Morris 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the natural history of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its impact on outcomes within a cohort of rheumatology patients.MethodsConsecutive patients were recruited from 3 university and 3 private rheumatology practices. Baseline chart reviews provided demographic information and rheumatic diagnoses. Patients answered questions on CAM use and health status during 1 year. We identified correlates of 4 CAM usage patterns (started, maintained, stopped, nonuse) and compared outcomes among these groups.ResultsOf 232 baseline participants, 203 (87%) and 177 (76%) responded to the 6‐ and 12‐month surveys. In each survey, approximately 34% reported currently using CAM. During the year, 44% of patients remained nonusers whereas 12% started, 22% maintained, and 22% stopped use. The most frequent reasons for stopping CAM were lack of effectiveness and expense. CAM users and nonusers had no difference in outcomes.ConclusionsArthritis patients' usage behavior varied substantially, but CAM use was not associated with a difference in outcomes.
Moberg picking‐up test in patients with inflammatory joint diseases: A survey of suitability in comparison with button test and measures of disease activity
Authors: Stamm Tanja Alexandra , Ploner Alexander , Machold Klaus Peter , Smolen Josef 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare the suitability of Moberg pickup test (MPUT) and button test (BT) as indicators for functional impairment in patients with inflammatory joint diseases.MethodsMeasurements for 369 patients attending a rheumatology outpatient clinic were collected. In addition to MPUT and BT, measurements collected were grip strength, tender and swollen joint counts, visual analog scales for pain and disease activity, Health Assessment Questionnaire, C‐reactive protein levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between MPUT and BT. Both tests show the same pattern of correlations with the other parameters, although all correlations are higher for MPUT. There is a significant sex and learning effect for the BT, which implies a confounding of hand function and motor abilities. A significantly higher proportion of patients was unable to complete BT.ConclusionMPUT and BT measure comparable aspects of hand function. In several theoretical and practical aspects, MPUT seems superior to BT in arthritis. It is necessary to evaluate its value in long‐term followup.
Physical capacity in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A controlled study
Authors: Strömbeck Britta , Ekdahl Charlotte , Manthorpe Rolf , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine physical capacity (aerobic capacity, joint mobility, muscle function, and standing balance) in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome (primary SS) and to examine the correlation of aerobic capacity with fatigue, functional disability, and mental aspects (anxiety and depression).MethodsFifty‐one women who fulfilled the European Community criteria for primary SS and who had anti‐SSA/SSB antibodies or a positive lip biopsy were compared with 51 age‐matched controls. Physical capacity, fatigue, functional disability, anxiety, and depression were investigated by means of questionnaires and clinical examinations.ResultsThe women with primary SS had significantly decreased aerobic capacity (VO2max= 28.7 versus 32.4 ml/kg/minute;P= 0.013), shoulder mobility (58 versus 59 scale points;P= 0.003), grip strength (214 versus 259 N;P= 0.000), isokinetic strength of the knee flexors (51 versus 56 Nm;P= 0.049), endurance of the knee flexors (620 versus 712 J;P= 0.008), and standing balance (25 versus 28 seconds;P= 0.006) when compared with the reference group. For the primary SS patients, greater effort was needed to carry out the test of aerobic capacity, and they experienced more pain during the shoulder mobility test. Aerobic capacity correlated with the fatigue experienced (r = –0.33,P= 0.022) but not with functional disability or mental aspects.ConclusionThe results indicate that women with primary SS have decreased physical capacity, which may be related to the experience of fatigue.
Influence of the Transport Properties of the Crystal/Heat Transfer Surface Interfacial on Fouling Behavior
Authors: Bohnet M. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractOne method to reduce fouling is to extend the induction time by a defined modification of the interfacial interactions between the heat transfer surface and the crystalline deposit. Since these interactions are a result of both molecular and mechanical forces, two approaches for fouling mitigation have been developed: (a) Modification of the energy related properties of the heat transfer surface and (b) Modification of the geometry related properties of the heat transfer surface.
Trivalent Boron as an Acceptor in Donor–π–Acceptor‐Type Compounds for Single‐ and Two‐Photon Excited Fluorescence
Authors: Liu Zhi‐qiang , Fang Qi , Wang Dong , Cao Du‐xia , Xue Gang , Yu Wen‐tao , Lei Hong 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and fluorescence properties of a series of new donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) type compounds, with a trivalent boron, protected by two mesityl groups, as acceptor, and with various typical donors and different π‐conjugated bridges, are reported. All these stable organoboron compounds show intense single‐photon excited fluorescence (SPEF) and two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) in a wide spectral range from blue to green, with the spectral peak position of the SPEF being basically the same as that of the TPEF. The remarkably strong CB(mesityl)2 bonding, and the well‐conjugated π‐system, shown in X‐ray crystal structures of two compounds, indicate some charge transfer features of the ground state. Meanwhile, spectral data indicate that the charge transfer from donor to acceptor is greatly enhanced in the excited states. Based on typical structural data and comprehensive spectral data, the following structure–property relationships can be drawn: 1) the moderate arylamino donor can more effectively enhance the SPEF and TPEF intensities than can the strong alkylamino donor; 2) stilbene is a better π‐bridge than styrylthiophene for its capability of enhancing and blue‐shifting the SPEF and TPEF of the corresponding D–π–A compounds; and 3) when compared to its boron‐free precursors and other analogues, ‐B(mesityl)2 invariably and consistently acts as an effective SPEF and TPEF fluorophore in all this series of organoboron compounds, which may result from its strong π‐electron‐withdrawing and charge transfer‐inducing nature in the ground‐state and, more dominantly, in the excited‐state. Combining all the above positive structure factors, trans‐4′‐N,N‐diphenylamino‐4‐dimesitylborylstilbene (compound 3) stands out as the optimized green SPEF and TPEF emitter. This compound exhibits an SPEF quantum yield Φ of 0.91 at 522 nm in THF, a TPEF cross‐section σ′ that is an order of magnitude larger than that of its boron‐free precursor upon excitation by 800 nm femto‐second laser pulses, and a two‐photon absorption section σ of 3.0×10−48 cm4 s. In the blue light region, trans‐4′‐N‐carbazolyl‐4‐dimesitylboryl‐stilbene (compound 4) shows significant SPEF and TPEF properties, with Φ=0.79 at 464 nm in THF and a large σ′ value, which is five times that of fluorescein upon excitation by 740 nm femto‐second laser pulses.
The Hetero‐Diels–Alder Addition of Sulfur Dioxide: The Pseudo‐Chair Conformation of a 4,5‐Dialkylsultine
Authors: Markovic Dean , Roversi Elena , Scoppelliti Rosario , Vogel Pierre , Meana Rubén , Sordo José A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractEven unsubstituted butadiene adds to sulfur dioxide in the hetero‐Diels–Alder mode more rapidly than in the chelotropic mode. The sultine can be observed in equilibrium with the diene and the sulfur dioxide only at low temperature and in the presence of CF3COOH. Crystals of 4,5‐dialkyl‐sultine resulting from the SO2 addition to 1,2‐dimethylidenecyclohexane have been obtained at −100 °C and analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. Quantum chemical calculations have shown that hyperconjugative interactions within the sulfinyl moiety are responsible for the anomeric effects observed in sultines that prefer pseudo‐chair conformations with pseudo‐axial SO bonds.
Characterisation of Four New Two‐Dimensional Lithium Beryllofluoro‐Layered Compounds
Authors: Gerrard Lee A. , Weller Mark T. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractFour new amine‐templated materials, containing two‐dimensional lithium beryllofluoride sheets of the stoichiometry [LiBeF4]−, have been synthesised under hydrothermal and ambient pressure conditions. [LiBeF4][C6H4(CH3)CH2NH3] (1), [LiBeF4][C6H4CH2NH3Cl] (2), [LiBeF4]2[NH3CH2CH2CH2NH3] (3), and [LiBeF4][C6H5CH2CH2CH2NH3] (4) all contain well‐separated anionic sheets containing two different topologies with the ′inter‐layer′ regions comprising of organoamine templating species. Use of the different organoamine templating agents results in compounds possessing very different relative arrangements of the lithium beryllofluoride sheets. The materials crystallise in P‐centred orthorhombic and monoclinic cells; for 1 (templating agent: 3‐methylbenzylamine) Pca21; for 2 (4‐chlorobenzylamine) Pbca; for 3 (1,3‐diamminopropane) Pccn, and for 4 (3‐phenyl‐1‐propylamine) P21/c. Hydrogen bonding exists between ions situated on the protonated amine groups on the templating species and electronegative fluoride ions, on MF4 tetrahedra (where M=Li and Be).
A New Family of Insulin‐Mimetic Vanadium Complexes Derived from 5‐Carboalkoxypicolinates
Authors: Gätjens Jessica , Meier Beate , Kiss Tamás , Nagy Eszter M. , Buglyó Peter , Sakurai Hiromu , Kawabe Kenji , Rehder Dieter 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe reaction of 5‐carboalkoxypicolinic acid (5 ROpicH, R=Me, Et, iPr, sBu; 1 a–d) with vanadyl sulfate yielded the complexes [VO(H2O)(5 ROpic)2], 2 a–d, with H2O and one of the picolinato ligands in the equatorial positions, and the second picolinate occupying equatorial (N) and axial (O) positions. Reaction of 1 a with [NH4][VO3] yielded [NH4][VO2(5 MeOpic)2], [NH4]‐3, in which the N functions of the picolinates are trans to the doubly bonded, cis‐positioned oxo groups. Complexes 1 a⋅H2O, 1 b, 1 c, 2 a⋅3.5 H2O and [NH4]‐3⋅4 H2O have been structurally characterised. A detailed pH‐potentiometric solution speciation analysis of the system VO2+‐1 a revealed a dominance of VO(5 OMepic)2 between pH 2 and 6, with the same coordination pattern, evidenced by EPR spectroscopy, as in the crystalline solid state. In ternary systems containing physiological concentrations of the low molecular mass biogenic binders (B) lactate, oxalate, citrate or phosphate, ternary species of general composition VO(5 MeOpic)B dominate at physiological pH, with citrate being the most effective competitor for picolinate. All of the complexes trigger glucose uptake and degradation by simian virus modified mice fibroblasts at non‐toxic concentrations (<100 μM), with 2 a, [VO2(pic)2]− and [VO2(dipic)]− being at least as effective as insulin. Vanadium uptake by the cells is most effective in the case of 2 a. 2 a also effectively inhibits free fatty acid release by rat adipocytes treated with epinephrine, thus mimicking the inhibition of lipolysis by insulin.
Chirality Transfer from Guest Chiral Metal Complexes to Inorganic Framework: The Role of Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Wang Yu , Yu Jihong , Li Yi , Shi Zhan , Xu Ruren 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe structure elucidation of a new zinc phosphate [CoII(en)3][Zn4(H2PO4)3(HPO4)2(PO4)(2 H2O)2] (1) reveals that the racemic cobalt complex templates the zinc phosphate framework in such a way that the local C2 point symmetry of the structural motif of the inorganic framework conforms with that of the cobalt complex pairing with it, in essence transferring its chirality to the inorganic host. An analysis of hydrogen bonding between the guest molecules and the inorganic host framework reveals that hydrogen bonding is responsible for the stereospecific structural arrangement. Upon examining previously reported chiral metal‐complex‐templated structures of metal phosphates, it is revealed that such hydrogen bonding is the common origin for inducing chirality transfer in metal–phosphate frameworks templated with chiral metal complexes. Crystal data of 1: orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a=10.4787(8) Å, b=20.0091(14) Å, c=14.9594(10) Å, and Z=2.
Fabrication of Self‐Supported Patterns of Aligned β‐FeOOH Nanowires by a Low‐Temperature Solution Reaction
Authors: Xiong Yujie , Xie Yi , Chen Shaowei , Li Zhengquan 
Published: October 2003

AbstractSelf‐supported patterns of oriented alignment of β‐FeOOH nanowires are fabricated through a simple solution reaction from the complex [Fe(phen)3]2+ at 60 °C. The alignment of nanowires with a diameter of 40 nm and length of 6 μm is relatively uniform. HRTEM studies show that the growing direction of β‐FeOOH nanowires is perpendicular to the orientation plane of self‐formed β‐FeOOH flake‐like substrates. In the reaction and crystal growth process, the precursor [Fe(phen)3]2+ is undoubtedly vital to the formation of nanowire alignment. In detail, the formation of aligned nanowires is thought to be realized by controlling two competing reactions. Electrochemical and UV‐visible measurements suggest that the product might have potential applications in lithium batteries and semiconductor electronics. This synthetic process is simple, mild, clean, reproducible, and free of any template; it provides a novel pathway for the low‐temperature growth of nanowires and their simultaneous oriented alignment.
Validity of the linear mixing rule for strongly coupled ionic fluids
Authors: DeWitt H. , Slattery W. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations have given a precise equation of state for the classical One Component Plasma (OCP) for point charges Z in a uniform background for both the strongly coupled fluid and crystalline phases. The corresponding MC simulations of binary ionic mixtures in a uniform background, Z1 and Z2 at densities n1 and n2 have indicated that the equation of state of the mixture is given to remarkable accuracy by the linear mixing rule. We have performed a long series of MC studies on mixtures of Z1 = 1, Z2 = 2, 3, and 5 to obtain the very small deviations from linear mixing. The results allow us to obtain an equation of state for mixtures of accuracy comparable to that of the OCP, and to confirm the validity of the spindle shaped phase diagram. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Measurements of Hall, DC and HF conductivity of nonideal plasma
Authors: Mintsev V.B. , Shilkin N.S. , Zaporoghets Yu.B. , Dudin S.V. , Gryaznov V.K. , Fortov V.E. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe results of measurements of the Hall resistivity, static conductivity and reflectivity of nonideal plasma of argon and xenon are presented. The plasma was generated behind front of powerful shock waves with the help of explosively driven technique. In the experiments with the magnetic field the dense plasma was studied in the region of partial ionization at pressures of 30‐650 MPa and temperatures of 6000‐17000 K. The experiments on plasma reflectivity on the wave length 694 nm were performed at densities of 1‐4 g/cc, pressures of 4‐20 GPa and temperatures of 30000 K. The comparison of experimental results with different theoretical models of dense plasma is carried out. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The physics of quark‐gluon plasma and relativistic charged particle systems
Authors: Röpke G. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractQED and QCD describe different systems, but show similar features. An interesting issue is the formation of bound states and their dissolution at high densities, what is described as metallization (plasma phase transition) in Coulomb systems or as hadron to quark‐gluon phase transition in nuclear matter. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum kinetic approach to transport processes in dense laser plasmas
Authors: Schlanges M. , Bornath Th. , Kremp D. , Hilse P. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractUsing nonequilibrium Green's functions techniques, transport properties of dense plasmas under the influence of laser radiation are investigated. The approach goes beyond the linear response theory, i.e., it can be applied to strong fields assuming the nonrelativistic case. Quantum statistical expressions for the energy absorption rate are derived including nonlinear field phenomena as well as quantum and correlation effects. The influence of these effects on collisional absorption in high frequency fields is discussed. Furthermore, we compare with molecular dynamic simulations which were performed using quantum potentials. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanosecond electric explosion of wires: from solid superheating to nonideal plasma formation
Authors: Norman G. E. , Stegailov V. V. , Valuev A. A. 
Published: October 2003

AbstractThe conception is developed which distinguishes initial stages of the fast (nanosecond) electric explosion of wires: the superheating of the solid conductor, its spontaneous (spinodal) decay and the successive formation of the nonideal plasma column. The molecular dynamics simulation approach is used to simulate homogeneous nucleation at a constant heating rate. The subsequent evolution of the fluid column and the axial plasma uniformity are considered. The results are compared with the experimental data on nanosecond wire explosions. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of Elimination Voltammetry to the Resolution of Adenine and Cytosine Signals in Oligonucleotides. I. Homo‐oligodeoxynucleotides dA9 and dC9
Authors: Trnková Libuše , Jelen František , Postbieglová Irena 
Published: October 2003

AbstractElimination voltammetry with linear scan (EVLS) has been applied to the resolution of reduction signals of adenine and cytosine in short synthetic homo‐oligodeoxynucleotides (dA9 and dC9). In comparison with the common electrochemical methods (linear sweep, differential pulse, and square‐wave voltammetry) EVLS enables one to resolve the overlapped signals by using the function which eliminates the charging and kinetic currents (Ic, Ik) and conserves the diffusion current (Id). For the adsorbed electroactive substance, this elimination function gives a good readable peak‐counterpeak which has successfully been utilized to the analysis of overlapped reduction signals of adenine and cytosine on hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The height and potential of signals studied were affected by the dC9/dA9 ratio, the time of accumulation, the stirring speed during the adsorption, and pH. Our results showed that EVLS in connection with the adsorption procedure is a useful tool for qualitative and quantitative studies of short oligonucleotides.