bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are nursery approaches maturing in their application to US fisheries management?
Authors: Trackenberg Stacy N , Baillie Christopher J , Fodrie F Joel , Bartusek Seth M , Wellman Emory H , Gittman Rachel K 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There have been significant conceptual advances for identifying nursery habitats within coastal systems used by juvenile fishes and crustaceans. The approaches for delineating nursery areas include measures of juvenile abundance, growth, or survival; habitat characteristics; seascape connectivity; population fitness; and contribution to adult biomass (per unit area or total). We used all US coastal states as replicate trials to evaluate the integration of nursery concepts into fisheries management and found an obvious disconnect between expanding academic interest in nursery roles and management application. Among the few states that afford a subset of coastal environments with nursery status, easily obtained metrics (e.g., juvenile density or presence/absence of biogenic structure) are used, and it remains unclear what role nursery designations have played in promoting sustainable fisheries. Gathering the data necessary to use higher-order nursery approaches and metrics (e.g., connectivity and biomass contribution) to designate nurseries will require significant research investment and greater collaboration between ecologists and fisheries scientists.
FGL1 in plasma extracellular vesicles is correlated with clinical stage of lung adenocarcinoma and anti-PD-L1 response
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Zhang Kunpeng , Wen Haoyu , Ge Di , Gu Jie , Zhang Chunyi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein-1 (FGL1) is confirmed a major ligand of lymphocyte activation gene-3 which could inhibit antigen-mediated T-cell response and evade immune supervision. Although hepatocytes secrete large amounts of FGL1, its high expression also be detected in solid tumors such as lung cancer, leading to a poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. Here we reported that FGL1 was overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) but not in lung squamous cell carcinoma. However, FGL1 in tissue and plasma can only distinguish LUAD patients from healthy donors and cannot correlate with clinical Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage. Using lung cancer cell lines, we confirmed that FGL1 can be detected on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and we established a method using flow cytometry to detect FGL1 on the surface of EVs, which revealed that FGL1 could be secreted via EVs. Both animal model and clinical samples proved that plasma FGL1 in EVs would increase when the tumor was loaded. The level of FGL1 in plasma EVs was correlated with clinical TNM stage and tumor size, and a higher level indicated non-responsiveness to anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) immunotherapy. Its effect on tumor progression and immune evasion may be achieved by impairing the killing and proliferating capacities of CD8+ T cells. Our result demonstrates that FGL1 levels in plasma EVs, but not total plasma FGL1, could be a promising biomarker that plays an important role in predicting anti-PD-L1 immune therapy in LUAD and suggests a new strategy in LUAD immunotherapy.
The Retreat from ‘High Technology’ in Post-War Britain
Authors: Kelsey Tom 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article argues that the 1970s saw an important change in the attitude of the British state to civil technological projects. It focuses on supersonic aviation and nuclear power policy as its case-studies, which were the key areas of techno-nationalist investment in the post-war period. It shows that Whitehall became radically more sceptical about state-led Research and Development, scrapped many core long-term projects, and cut back others. The politics and timing of this shift matter for our wider understanding of post-war British history, the history of technology, and histories of ‘neo-liberalism’. Thatcherism is supposed to have brought with it the decisive move away from industrial intervention by the state. Such a characterisation, while containing important truths, makes it difficult to see that the retreat from the most spectacular industrial investments of the British state in fact occurred during the 1970s in what was an economic liberalism from within, rather than a ‘neo-liberalism’ from without. This paper also challenges the narrative that the ‘technological disillusion’ of the 1970s came via the New Left and environmentalists, demonstrating the importance of an expert critique focused on economic and industrial arguments that emerged from inside the state itself.
Sublobar resection is associated with less lymph nodes examined and lower delivery of adjuvant therapy in patients with 1.5- to 2.0-cm clinical IA2 non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rodriguez-Quintero Jorge Humberto , Kamel Mohamed K , Jindani Rajika , Vimolratana Marc , Chudgar Neel P , Stiles Brendon M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
CALGB140503, in which nodal sampling was mandated, reported non-inferior disease-free survival for patients undergoing sublobar resection (SLR) compared to lobectomy (L). Outside of trial settings, the adequacy of lymphadenectomy during SLR has been questioned. We sought to evaluate whether SLR is associated with suboptimal lymphadenectomy, differences in pathologic upstaging and survival in patients with 1.5- to 2.0-cm tumours using real-world data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Using the National Cancer Database(2018–2019), we evaluated patients with 1.5- to 2.0-cm non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent resection (sublobar versus lobectomy). We studied factors associated with nodal upstaging (logistic regression) and survival (Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier method) after propensity matching to adjust for differences among groups.

RESULTS
Among 3196 patients included, SLR was performed in 839 (26.3%) (of which 588 were wedge resections) and L was performed in 2357 (73.7%) patients. More patients undergoing SLR (21.7%) compared to L (2.1%) had no lymph nodes sampled (P &lt; 0.001). Those undergoing SLR had fewer total lymph nodes examined (4 vs 11, P &lt; 0.001) and were less likely to have pathologic nodal metastases (4.7% vs 9%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to L. Multivariable analysis identified L [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.21, 95% confidence interval, 1.47–3.35] to be independently associated with pathologic N+ disease. Overall survival was not associated with the type of procedure but was significantly decreased in those with N+ disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite comparable overall survival to L, SLR is associated with suboptimal lymphadenectomy in patients with 1.5–2.0 cm non-small-cell lung cancer. Surgeons should be careful to perform adequate lymphadenectomy when performing SLR to mitigate nodal under-staging and to identify appropriate patients for systemic therapy.
Comparing nodal with primary tumor desmoplasia uncovers metastatic patterns in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B
Authors: Machens Andreas , Bensch Claudia , Wickenhauser Claudia , Dralle Henning , Lorenz Kerstin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While primary tumor desmoplasia is a powerful biomarker of node metastases in sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), information for hereditary MTC is sparse.

Methods
This proof-of-concept study, comprising 3 consecutive children with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B, evaluated simultaneously the metastatic behavior of multiple primary thyroid tumors of disparate size and extent of desmoplasia within patients.

Results
Altogether, MTC typically involved the ipsilateral central neck before spreading to the ipsilateral lateral and the contralateral neck. Medullary thyroid cancer in the upper thyroid lobe leaped the ipsilateral central neck to invade the ipsilateral lateral neck. Unlike the desmoplasia-positive 6-mm high-grade and 7-mm low-grade primary thyroid tumors, the desmoplasia-negative 8-, 11-, and 16-mm low-grade primary thyroid tumors did not spread to ipsilateral neck nodes. With extranodal growth, the extent of nodal desmoplasia was greater than with intranodal growth.

Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study suggests that primary tumor desmoplasia is an equally powerful biomarker of node metastasis in hereditary MTC.
Dissecting the major genetic components underlying cotton lint development
Authors: Sun Yali , Yuan Yuman , He Shoupu , Stiller Warwick , Wilson Iain , Du Xiongming , Zhu Qian-Hao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Numerous genetic loci and several functionally characterized genes have been linked to determination of lint percentage (lint%), one of the most important cotton yield components, but we still know little about the major genetic components underlying lint%. Here, we first linked the genetic loci containing MYB25-like_At and HD1_At to the fiberless seed trait of ‘SL1-7-1’ and found that MYB25-like_At and HD1_At were very lowly expressed in ‘SL1-7-1’ ovules during fiber initiation. We then dissected the genetic components involved in determination of lint% using segregating populations derived from crosses of fuzzless mutants and intermediate segregants with different lint%, which not only confirmed the HD1_At locus but identified the HD1_Dt locus as being the major genetic components contributing to fiber initiation and lint%. The segregating populations also allowed us to evaluate the relative contributions of MYB25-like_At, MYB25-like_Dt, HD1_At, and HD1_Dt to lint%. Haplotype analysis of an Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) population with 723 accessions (including 81 fuzzless seed accessions) showed that lint% of the accessions with the LP allele (higher lint%) at MYB25-like_At, MYB25-like_Dt, or HD1_At was significantly higher than that with the lp allele (lower lint%). The lint% of the Upland cotton accessions with 3 or 4 LP alleles at MYB25-like and HD1 was significantly higher than that with 2 LP alleles. The results prompted us to propose a strategy for breeding high-yielding cotton varieties, i.e. pyramiding the LP alleles of MYB25-like and HD1 with new lint% LP alleles without negative impact on seed size and fiber quality.
On the Road to Silent Guns: Examining the Regional Regulation of States’ Use of Force during Counterterrorism Policing in Africa
Authors: Fenemigho Alero I 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Terrorism is currently one of the principal threats to peace and security in Africa. In law enforcement responses to terrorism, affected states often employ excessive or indiscriminate force through their security forces. In addition to violating international legal standards, research suggests that this unlawful use of force is itself a driver of violence, potentially perpetuating terrorist violence in a continent vulnerable to violent extremism. This article assesses the legal and policy response of the African regional system to the use of excessive force during counterterrorism policing, focusing principally on the roles of the counterterrorism architecture and human rights system. The article finds that whilst some positive steps have been made towards greater respect of international norms, the current response has material gaps and inadequacies. A two-pronged framework for a comprehensive regional response to the problem is proposed, combining clarification of the applicable rules with greater action from regional institutions.
Genetic footprints of Quaternary climatic fluctuations on the endangered Tuco-tuco-das-dunas (Ctenomys flamarioni)
Authors: Gasparetto Luiza Flores , Fernández Gabriela Paula , Carnovale Cecilia Soledad , Maestri Renan , Galiano Daniel , Peçanha Willian Thomaz , Kubiak Bruno Busnello , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The biogeographic history of a species results from responses to past and current processes, and understanding those responses at both temporal scales is essential. We explored phylogeographic and current genetic variation structure in Ctenomys flamarioni—a subterranean rodent that inhabits a small region of the coastal plain of Brazil—and contrasted the roles of “present-day niche suitability” versus “historical climate stability” to understand current and past intraspecific genetic diversity. We used both mitochondrial DNA sequences (concatenated Cytb and D-loop, n = 78) and nuclear DNA (9 microsatellites loci, n = 154) molecular markers for individuals across the entire distribution of the species. We used phylogeographic trees, Bayesian clustering, and haplotype networks to explore genetic variation and diversity. We correlated genetic diversity with measures of current niche suitability and potential areas of Late Quaternary paleostability. Phylogeographic patterns confirmed low levels of genetic diversity structured at different hierarchical levels. We also found a weak but significant pattern of isolation by distance, indicating that geographical distance partially modulates genetic differences among populations. We also observed a positive correlation between genetic diversity and climate paleostability for microsatellites at local and regional scales. However, we found no significant association between genetic diversity and niche suitability for microsatellites at local or regional scales. We observed several signatures of bottleneck and population expansion at different geographic scales. Our results suggest that Quaternary climatic fluctuations—acting together with habitat suitability and other contemporary factors—played a fundamental role in elucidating the evolutionary history of the species—including patterns of historical dispersal, and current patterns of habitat occupation and genetic structure. In addition, based on our molecular and environmental data sets from the across the range of the species and considering the restricted endemism of C. flamarioni, we emphasize the urgency of conservation actions to protect this endangered species.
Trends in Pediatric Emergency and Inpatient Healthcare Use for Mental and Behavioral Health Among North Carolinians During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sielaty Rachel , Boutzoukas Angelique E , Zimmerman Kanecia O , Caison Bria , Charles Catherine O , CoyneSmith Taran , Darden Toni , Overman Robert A , Benjamin Daniel K , Brookhart M Alan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Widespread school closures and health care avoidance during the COVID-19 pandemic led to disruptions in access to pediatric mental health care.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of emergency and inpatient administrative claims from privately insured children aged 6–20 years in North Carolina between January 2019 and December 2020. We compared rates of emergency department (ED) visits (per 100 000 person-days) and risks of hospitalizations (per 100 000 persons) with diagnosis codes in each category (mental/behavioral health; suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and intentional self-harm [SI/SA/ISH]; and social issues) across 3 time periods (pre-pandemic, lockdown, and reopening). We calculated the proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of total ED visits and total hospitalizations attributable to mental/behavioral health and SI/SA/ISH across the 3 time periods.

Results
Rates of all categories of ED visits decreased from pre-pandemic to the lockdown period; from pre-pandemic to the reopening period, mental/behavioral health visits decreased but rates of SI/SA/ISH visits were unchanged. The proportion of ED visits attributable to mental/behavioral health increased from 3.5% (95% CI 3.2%–3.7%) pre-pandemic to 4.0% (95% CI 3.7%–4.3%) during reopening, and the proportion of SI/SA/ISH diagnoses increased from 1.6% (95% CI 1.4%–1.8%) pre-pandemic to 2.4% (95% CI 2.1%–2.7%) during the reopening period. Emergency care use for social issues and hospital admissions for mental/behavioral health and SI/SA/ISH diagnoses were unchanged across the study periods.

Conclusions
In the early pandemic, pediatric mental health care and acute suicidal crises accounted for increased proportions of emergency care. During pandemic recovery, understanding the populations most impacted and increasing access to preventative mental health care is critical.
Simultaneous directional inference
Authors: Heller Ruth , Solari Aldo 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We consider the problem of inference on the signs of n&gt;1 parameters. We aim to provide 1−α post hoc confidence bounds on the number of positive and negative (or non-positive) parameters, with a simultaneous guarantee, for all subsets of parameters. We suggest to start by using the data to select the direction of the hypothesis test for each parameter; then, adjust the p-values of the one-sided hypotheses for the selection, and use the adjusted p-values for simultaneous inference on the selected n one-sided hypotheses. The adjustment is straightforward assuming the p-values of one-sided hypotheses have densities with monotone likelihood ratio, and are mutually independent. We show the bounds we provide are tighter (often by a great margin) than existing alternatives, and that they can be obtained by at most a polynomial time. We demonstrate their usefulness in the evaluation of treatment effects across studies or subgroups. Specifically, we provide a tight lower bound on the number of studies which are beneficial, as well as on the number of studies which are harmful (or non-beneficial), and in addition conclude on the effect direction of individual studies, while guaranteeing that the probability of at least one wrong inference is at most 0.05.
Benign mature teratoma of the cecum: a case report
Authors: Gellings Jaclyn , Nimmer Kaitlyn , Doucette Saryn , Merrill Jennifer R , Sheriff Salma A , Johnson Scott C , Kothari Anai N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site. With the unlikely primary location in the gastrointestinal tract and no history of malignancy, we present a rare case of a primary mature cystic teratoma of the cecum. The patient is a 66-year-old male with imaging demonstrating an extraluminal, seemingly fat-containing mass abutting the cecum. The patient underwent resection, and final pathology revealed a mature cystic teratoma. Primary mature teratoma of the cecum is exceptionally rare; thus, diagnosis can be challenging. As he had no primary testicular or retroperitoneal mass, this cystic lesion likely represents a developmental abnormality and not a true neoplasm. The radiographic features, presentation, differential diagnoses, and treatment recommendations are discussed.
Hypothetical chloroplast reading frame 51 encodes a photosystem I assembly factor in cyanobacteria
Authors: Dai Guo-Zheng , Song Wei-Yu , Xu Hai-Feng , Tu Miao , Yu Chen , Li Zheng-Ke , Shang Jin-Long , Jin Chun-Lei , Ding Chao-Shun , Zuo Ling-Zi , Liu Yan-Ru , Yan Wei-Wei , Zang Sha-Sha , Liu Ke , Zhang Zheng , Bock Ralph , Qiu Bao-Sheng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frames (ycfs) are putative genes in the plastid genomes of photosynthetic eukaryotes. Many ycfs are also conserved in the genomes of cyanobacteria, the presumptive ancestors of present-day chloroplasts. The functions of many ycfs are still unknown. Here, we generated knock-out mutants for ycf51 (sll1702) in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The mutants showed reduced photoautotrophic growth due to impaired electron transport between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. This phenotype results from greatly reduced PSI content in the ycf51 mutant. The ycf51 disruption had little effect on the transcription of genes encoding photosynthetic complex components and the stabilization of the PSI complex. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that Ycf51 cooperates with PSI assembly factor Ycf3 to mediate PSI assembly. Furthermore, Ycf51 interacts with the PSI subunit PsaC. Together with its specific localization in the thylakoid membrane and the stromal exposure of its hydrophilic region, our data suggest that Ycf51 is involved in PSI complex assembly. Ycf51 is conserved in all sequenced cyanobacteria, including the earliest branching cyanobacteria of the Gloeobacter genus, and is also present in the plastid genomes of glaucophytes. However, Ycf51 has been lost from other photosynthetic eukaryotic lineages. Thus, Ycf51 is a PSI assembly factor that has been functionally replaced during the evolution of oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes.
In the eye of beholder? The notions of quality in the humanities
Authors: Gedutis Aldis , Kirtiklis Kęstas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In this article we attempt to reconstruct the tacit and implicit notions of quality in the humanities. This reconstruction is based on a series of semi-structured qualitative interviews with 33 humanities scholars. Applying Max Weber’s theory of authority, we argue the quality notions have two different sources—external and internal. External sources correspond to the Weber’s types of authority: traditional authorities (academic tradition, professors, PhD advisors), rational-legal authorities (research administrators, policy makers) and charismatic authorities (‘the great minds’, ‘the founding fathers’ in a given academic field). Internal sources providing the quality notion do not fit into Weberian classification. These sources are based on the personal experience of a humanities researcher’s evaluation practices, which cannot be reduced to either type of authority above. Combining the interview data and Max Weber’s theory of authority, we try to demonstrate the existence of four different and sometimes incompatible notions of quality in the humanities: administrative; individual; semi-administrative, semi-individual; moderate individual. These notions are interpreted as ideal types, which serve as a regulative ideas rather than objective representations of research evaluation reality. The manuscript is important to Research Evaluation for the following reasons: first, it reconstructs the different types of notions of quality, which are crucial in better understanding peer review and other qualitative research evaluation practices; second, it provides better understanding of individual evaluator’s premises; third, it provides opportunity to have a glimpse beyond dominant administrative quality notions and criteria as usually the perspectives of the humanities researchers are neglected.
Agricultural Productivity and Land Inequality: Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Bequet Ludovic 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
How do agricultural productivity gains affect the distribution of agricultural land? Exploiting three waves of census data from the Philippines covering 21 years and 17 million plots, this article finds that municipalities endowed with favorable soil and weather conditions for genetically modified (GM) corn cultivation experience a relative increase in landholding inequality. Agricultural land is decreasing during this period and this decrease is driven by a decline in the size of large farms. The introduction of GM corn slows down this process by keeping more land under cultivation, which contributes to the documented relative increase in inequality.