bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a distributed hydrological model and its application to soil erosion simulation in a forested catchment during storm period
Authors: Su Baolin , Kazama So , Lu Minjiao , Sawamoto Masaki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA spatially distributed Xinanjiang model (DXAJ) has been developed to simulate the hourly hydrological process of a storm event caused by Typhoon No. 11 during the period of the 22–23 August 2001 in the Kamafusa Lake catchment, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The catchment is divided into 50 × 50 m2grid cells, and the runoff generation component of the Xinanjiang rainfall‐runoff model is applied to each grid cell. An optimal routing order approach is used to implement the distributed routing, i.e. the runoff generated in each grid cell is routed together with upstream inflow from upstream grid cells to downstream grid cells according to the optimal routing order, which is derived from a simulated stream network. One process‐based soil erosion model is coupled onto this distributed hydrological model to simulate suspended solids generation in each grid cell and generated suspended solids are routed together with runoff from upstream grid cells to downstream grid cells. The simulation results are in good agreement with the observed hydrograph and pollutograph. The soil erosion simulation was improved through the consideration of rainfall intensity in the soil erosion model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recession flow analysis of the Blue Nile River
Authors: Mishra Anil , Hata Takeshi , Abdelhadi A. W. , Tada Akio , Tanakamaru Haruya 
Published: September 2003

AbstractEstimates of the amount of recession flow can be derived from streamflow records. Such estimates are critical in the assessment of low flow characteristics for the Blue Nile River, from which about two‐thirds of the irrigation requirements in Sudan are satisfied. The recession flow hydrograph can be estimated by fitting the conceptual non‐linear storage outflow model using an iterative algorithm. An analytical model to forecast the Blue Nile recession flow is developed and the performance of the model is compared to the previous Blue Nile recession flow model. In the proposed model, a simple linear regression equation is introduced to illustrate the effect of antecedent flow on the recession parameter. Results indicate that the model can provide a simple and reliable method to predict the recession flow of the Blue Nile River. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical analyses on the effects of air temperature fluctuations on river water qualities
Authors: Ozaki Noriatsu , Fukushima Takehiko , Harasawa Hideo , Kojiri Toshiharu , Kawashima Katsunori , Ono Miyuki 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn order to gain an insight into the effects of air temperature on river water quality, data were statistically analysed using meteorological and river water quality data. Two types of data set were used for river water temperature. One type involved five sampling points within different rivers where water temperature data were obtained daily, and the other involved 82 sampling points located within 27 rivers where water temperature and other water quality data were obtained monthly. Influential factors for different time scales were investigated. From the analyses, the gradient of water temperature to air temperature considered on a daily scale was 0·1–0·5 °C °C−1 and was influenced by the hydrological scale of the river basin. The gradient observed using an annual scale was 0·5–1·5 °C °C−1 and was supposed to be influenced by solar radiation. Under the condition that solar radiation is constant, the gradient on an annual scale was predicted to be less than unity (0·5–0·85 °C °C−1). As for the other indices, from the analysis on an annual scale, an increase in air temperature resulted in an increase in biological oxygen demand and suspended solids, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen in almost all rivers. Based on the results, it was suggested that global warming has a deteriorating effect on river water quality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of hydrological balance and its variability in arid and semi‐arid regions of Eurasia from ECMWF 15 year reanalysis
Authors: Yatagai Akiyo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHydrometeorological cycles over arid and semi‐arid regions in mid‐latitude Eurasia (the Silk Road region) were investigated using meteorological reanalysis data for the period 1979–93, available from the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).Results show that seasonal changes of moisture balance in Turkey and central Asia, hereafter referred to as the western region, differ from those in the Taklimakan Desert and Loess Plateau, hereafter referred to as the eastern region. Here, we equate evaporation minus precipitation with the divergence field of the vertically integrated water vapour flux. In the western region, precipitation and positive convergence C of moisture primarily occurs during October–March. In contrast, the eastern region receives precipitation and has its positive C occurring during June–August. As a result, the eastern region has nearly simultaneous seasonal peaks in precipitation P and evapotranspiration E, whereas the western region has minimum P and maximum E in summer.The main annual moisture route for the Silk Road region is from the west to east; however, moisture also comes from the north in July. Over Turkey, moisture arrives from the west and south. In central Asia, however, most of the moisture comes from the west, the convergence peaks in March, and moisture from the south and west is also greater during this month. In the Loess Plateau, moisture enters from the west, the north, and the south, and exits to the east. In July, the peak precipitation and convergence season, all moisture flows are greater for the entire region, and a large influx of moisture from the south occurs during the summer season. The moisture from the south, the monsoonal flow, has a large interannual variability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global potential soil erosion with reference to land use and climate changes
Authors: Yang Dawen , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan , Koike Toshio , Musiake Katumi 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA GIS‐based RUSLE model is employed to study the global soil erosion potential for viewing the present situation, analysing changes over the past century, and projecting future trends with reference to global changes in land use and climate. Scenarios considered in the study include historical, present and future conditions of cropland and climate. This research gives the first overview of the global situation of soil erosion potential considering the previous century as well as the present and future. Present soil erosion potential is estimated to be about 0·38 mm year−1 for the globe, with Southeast Asia found to be the most seriously affected region in the world. It is estimated that nearly 60% of present soil erosions are induced by human activity. With development of cropland in the last century, soil erosion potential is estimated to have increased by about 17%. Global warming might significantly increase the potential for soil erosion, and the regions with the same increasing trend of precipitation and population might face much more serious problems related to soil erosion in the future. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of thermally induced gyres in Lake Biwa
Authors: Yamashiki Yosuke , Kumagai Michio , Jiao Chunmeng , Nezu Iehisa , Matsui Saburo 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe formation process of three gyres in Lake Biwa, as observed using an acoustic Doppler current profiler, is simulated using three different SGS models: Smagorinsky Model, Dynamic Mixed Model (DMM) and Mixed Scaling Formulation Model (MSFM) based on very large eddy simulation (VLES). The driving force of gyre formation is assumed to be differential heating due to heat volume differences between the middle lake and shoreline areas. This condition is created in the simulation by setting the initial temperature distribution in the lake based on field observation data. The significant patterns of gyre formation are calculated both by DNM and MSFM. Owing to the huge disproportion of horizontal and vertical grid spacing, the isotropic subgrid scale (SGS) model (such as the Smagorinsky model) does not perform well when using normal grid spacing. According to the comparison between field observation data and numerical simulation, it is concluded that the surface heat transfer process is one of the main driving forces for gyre formation in Lake Biwa. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional eutrophication model for Lake Biwa and its application to the framework design of transferable discharge permits
Authors: Yamashiki Yosuke , Matsumoto Miyuki , Tezuka Tetsuo , Matsui Saburo , Kumagai Michio 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe main goal of this study is to evaluate the eutrophication status under different management approaches in a basin, by combining the Biwa3D model (three‐dimensional eutrophication analysis model) with several nutrient‐reduction cases to calculate their effects on the water quality in Lake Biwa, Japan, and by applying the model to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness between different scenarios designed to control eutrophication. A non‐hydrostatic hydrodynamic model featuring very large eddy simulation (VLES) concepts, combined with ecological components that consider three types of phytoplankton species, one zooplankton, and nutrient cycling in each grid, is developed as the basic component of the research. Nitrogen and phosphorus loads from 111 sub‐basins that supply Lake Biwa are set as the boundary condition for the numerical simulation. The chlorophyll a concentration calculated near the water intake, weighted in proportion to the intake discharge, is set as the water quality index. Transferable discharge permits are introduced for estimating the total reduction cost for achieving the objective water quality. Two types of scenario are tested: one considers the difference in location of nutrient reduction in the north and south basins, and the other ignores this difference. Initially, the effect of nutrient loads on the water quality of Lake Biwa was calculated using the Biwa3D model, using estimated nitrogen and phosphorus loads from the basin as the boundary condition. Transferable discharge permits were then designed according to the impact factor on each basin calculated by the model in order to compare the cost‐effectiveness of the reduction scenarios. It is concluded that consideration of the characteristics of each basin and the distribution of effluent in designing transferable discharge permits reduces the total costs by around 4–25% of that required for achieving the target concentration of chlorophyll a. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractal concept in numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing of the hot dry rock geothermal reservoir
Authors: Fomin S. , Hashida T. , Shimizu A. , Matsuki K. , Sakaguchi K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHydraulic fracturing or hydraulic stimulation is one of the most effective methods of enhancing hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal system productivity. The 3D structure of the fractured rock is approximated by the network models of ‘fractal geometry’. The models of fracture networks are generated by distributing fractures randomly in space and assuming the fractal correlation Nr = Cr−D that incorporates the number of fractures Nr, fractal length r, fractal dimension D and fracture density within the rock mass C. This procedure makes it possible to characterize the geothermal reservoirs using parameters measured from field data. Based on this approach, a mathematical model of the hydraulic rock fracturing is proposed. The model incorporates approximations of the fracture mechanical behaviour drawn from the rock mechanics literature, a very simplified analysis of the operative physical processes and mapping of the connectivity of fracture network to a cubic regular grid. Along with the fractal‐type distribution of the fracture lengths, the fracture surfaces are also assumed to follow fractal geometry. The latter allows numerical simulation of the natural rock fracture dilation caused by fracture shear offset. The other problem that can be resolved by fracture surface modelling is the apparent limitation on the number of fractures that can be analysed experimentally. In this respect, the suggested mathematical model can be used to simulate fractal surfaces identical to fractures found in the natural rocks. Taken together, these tools permit the approximate engineering resolution of the multi‐parametric, highly complex mechanical problem. The reliability of the developed model was validated by comparisons with the experimentally determined data for the Hijiori deep reservoir. This implicitly justifies the numerical results and conclusions drawn in the present research. In particular, a series of computations indicate that the connectivity of the fracture network is greatly affected by the fractal dimension of the fracture network. The strong effect of the fractal dimension on the reservoir's size is also observed. The numerical results illustrate the controlling effect of the pressure and flow rate in the stimulating well for reservoir growth. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteointegration of biomimetic apatite coating applied onto dense and porous metal implants in femurs of goats
Authors: Barrère F. , van der Valk C. M. , Meijer G. , Dalmeijer R. A. J. , de Groot K. , Layrolle P. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractBiomimetic calcium phosphate (Ca‐P) coatings were applied onto dense titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and porous tantalum (Ta) cylinders by immersion into simulated body fluid at 37 °C and then at 50 °C for 24 h. As a result, a homogeneous bone‐like carbonated apatitic (BCA) coating, 30 μm thick was deposited on the entire surface of the dense and porous implants. Noncoated and BCA‐coated implants were press‐fit implanted in the femoral diaphysis of 14 adult female goats. Bone contact was measured after implantation for 6, 12, and 24 weeks, and investigated by histology and backscattered electron microscopy (BSEM). After 6 weeks, bone contact of the BCA‐coated Ti6Al4V implants was about 50%. After 12 and 24 weeks, bone contact was lower in comparison with the 6‐week implantations at, respectively 24 and 39%. Regarding the BCA‐coated porous Ta implants, bone contacts were 17, 30, and 18% after 6, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively. However, bone contact was always found significantly higher for BCA‐coated dense Ti6Al4V and porous Ta cylinders than the corresponding noncoated implants. The results of this study show that the BCA coating enhances the bone integration as compared to the noncoated implants. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 655–665, 2003
Influence of dental biofilm on release of mercury from amalgam exposed to carbamide peroxide
Authors: Steinberg Doron , Blank Ori , Rotstein Ilan 
Published: September 2003

AbstractTooth bleaching is a popular procedure in modern aesthetic dentistry. Bleaching agents may affect amalgam restorations by altering the release of mercury. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of biofilm‐coated amalgam restorations on the release of mercury in the presence of carbamide peroxide. Samples of SDI and Valliant amalgams were submerged for either 14 days or 7 months in buffered KCl after which they were coated with saliva, bacteria, and polysaccharides. The samples were exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) for 24 h. The amount of mercury released was examined for 120 h. Results showed that most of mercury release occurred within the first 24 h, after which the release rate decreased sharply. After 120 h the release of mercury from the tested samples was minimal and similar to the control group. The presence of biofilm coating on the amalgam samples did not induce the release of mercury but tended to reduce mercury release into the surrounding environment. CP induces the release of mercury from amalgam samples. However, the presence of biofilm did not prevent large amounts of mercury release from amalgam coated with biofilms and exposed to CP. This study indicates that dental biofilm may retard the release of mercury from amalgam restorations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 627–631, 2003
Three‐dimensional hyaluronic acid grafts promote healing and reduce scar formation in skin incision wounds
Authors: Hu Min , Sabelman Eric E. , Cao Yang , Chang James , Hentz Vincent R. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) has been found to play important roles in tissue regeneration and wound‐healing processes. Fetal tissue with a high concentration of HA heals rapidly without scarring. The present study employed HA formed into three‐dimensional strands with or without keratinocytes to treat full‐thickness skin incision wounds in rats. Wound closure rates of HA strand grafts both with and without keratinocytes were substantially enhanced. The closure times of both HA grafts were less than 1 day (average 16 h), about 1/7 that of the contralateral control incisions (114 h, p < .01). Average wound areas after 10 days were HA‐only graft: 0.151 mm2 ± 0.035; HA + cell grafts: 0.143 mm2 ± 0.036 and controls: 14.434 mm2 ± 1.175, experimental areas were 1% of the controls (p < 0.01). Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 measured by immunostaining was remarkably reduced in HA‐treated wounds compared to the controls. In conclusion, HA grafts appeared to produce a fetal‐like environment with reduced TGF‐β1, which is known to be elevated in incipient scars. The HA strands with or without cultured cells may potentially improve clinical wound healing as well as reduce scar formation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 67B: 586–592, 2003
Isolated cardiomegaly in the second trimester as an early sign of fetal hydrops due to intracranial arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Henrich Wolfgang , Fuchs Ilka , Bührer Christoph , van Landeghem Frank K. H. , Albig Matthias , Stoever Brigitte , Dudenhausen Joachim W. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe report the case of a 27‐year‐old pregnant woman in whom isolated mild fetal cardiomegaly, diagnosed prenatally on sonographic examination at 22 weeks' menstrual age, was the first sign of development of an arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen. The arteriovenous malformation was visualized on sonographic examination at 29 weeks' menstrual age; prenatal MRI at 32 weeks confirmed the diagnosis. At 34 weeks' menstrual age, repeat sonographic examination demonstrated polyhydramnios, cardiomegaly, and generalized hydrops with ascites and pleural effusion. After vaginal delivery, the male neonate died of respiratory distress. We present the findings of prenatal gray‐scale, color Doppler, and power Doppler sonography; MRI; and postmortem examination. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:445–449, 2003
Secretory carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Paeng Mi Hye , Choi Hye‐Young , Sung Sun Hee , Moon Byung In , Shim Sung Shine 
Published: September 2003

AbstractSecretory carcinoma of the breast is a rare but histologically distinct variant of invasive ductal carcinoma that has an indolent growth pattern and a more favorable prognosis than that of typical ductal carcinoma. We present the imaging and histopathologic findings of a case of this tumor that initially manifested as a palpable mass in the left breast of a 31‐year‐old woman. It appeared sonographically as a round, well‐circumscribed but microlobulated hypoechoic solid mass. Secretory carcinoma of the breast may resemble other well‐circumscribed breast carcinomas as well as some benign masses, including fibroadenomas. Breast imagers should be aware of this rare tumor's nonspecific imaging features and clinical implications when making a differential diagnosis of solid breast masses. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:425–429, 2003
Real‐Time three‐dimensional echocardiography versus two‐dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left ventricular apical thrombi: Preliminary findings
Authors: Chamoun Antonio J. , McCulloch Marti , Xie Tianrong , Shah Sangeeta , Ahmad Masood 
Published: September 2003

AbstractPurposeReal‐time 3‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT‐3D‐TE) with real‐time volume rendering (RTVR) offers multiple simultaneous views and spatial definition of intracardiac structures superior to that attainable by 2‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D‐TE). We hypothesized that RT‐3D‐TE would therefore improve identification of left ventricular apical thrombi (LVT).MethodsPatients were referred to our echocardiography laboratory over an 8‐month period. Those diagnosed with a “suspicious” or “definite” LVT on the basis of 2D‐TE images underwent RT‐3D‐TE on the same day. All 2D‐TE, RT‐3D‐TE, and RTVR images were reviewed by 2 independent observers. RT‐3D‐TE findings were considered positive for LVT if LVT was visualized in both B‐scan (apical orthogonal) and C‐scan (short axis, with and without tilting angle) planes and on RTVR images, nondiagnostic (or suspicious) for LVT if it was not visualized in all planes, and negative for LVT if it was not visualized in any plane.ResultsThirty patients (19 men and 11 women) with a mean age (± standard deviation) of 52 ± 13 years were enrolled. The interobserver agreement coefficient was 63% for 2D‐TE interpretations of LVT and 93% for RT‐3D‐TE interpretations of LVT (p < 0.05). The final interpretations by RT‐3D‐TE with RTVR were positive for LVT in 16 patients (53%), suspicious for LVT in 4 patients (13%), and negative for LVT in 10 patients (30%).ConclusionsRT‐3D‐TE with RTVR offers dramatically clearer echocardiographic findings than does 2D‐TE. In particular, RT‐3D‐TE is able to provide a clear diagnosis of LVT/non‐LVT when 2D‐TE images are merely suggestive of the disorder. Therefore, RT‐3D‐TE with RTVR, which is a clinically feasible alternative to 2‐dimensional echocardiography, has great potential to positively affect the diagnosis, follow‐up, and care of patients with suspected LVT. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:412–418, 2003
Treatment of a radial artery pseudoaneurysm with ultrasound‐guided percutaneous thrombin injection in a patient with Behçet's syndrome
Authors: Reus Manuel , Vázquez Victoria , Alonso José , Morales Dolores , Rodríguez José M. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man with Behçet's syndrome and recurrent deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs presented with a painful, pulsating mass on the volar aspect of the radial edge of his left wrist. One month before this visit, he had had venous blood drawn from the same site. Using color Doppler sonography, we diagnosed an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the left radial artery, which was then treated with an ultrasound‐guided percutaneous injection of thrombin. A follow‐up examination 6 months after the treatment revealed complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to demonstrate the use of this technique for thrombosis of a pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Behçet's syndrome. We believe that the safety, efficiency, speed, and minimal invasiveness of this procedure make it feasible for use as a treatment for peripheral pseudoaneurysms in such patients. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:440–444, 2003