bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating emergency service response to COVID‐19: A scoping review
Authors: Waring Sara , Bromley Caitlin , Giles Susan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe issue of how emergency services (police, fire, ambulance, local authorities) respond to pandemics has received greater research focus recently in relation to the COVID‐19 outbreak, which saw agencies going beyond usual roles to support communities for prolonged periods. A critical appraisal is needed of this published evidence to take stock of what is known about the effectiveness of emergency service response to Covid‐19.MethodA scoping review of scientific and grey literature identified 17 qualitative (N = 9), quantitative (N = 6), or mixed methods (N = 2) studies from across the UK and internationally that focus on the effectiveness of emergency service response to the Covid‐19 outbreak. A narrative review was conducted using an interpretive approach. Papers were read, summarised, and then sorted into inductive themes that addressed some aspect of the review question. Eight critical themes emerged from the narrative review.ResultsAcross countries, emergency services were required to quickly adapt working practices to reduce spread of infection, support partner agencies facing unprecedented demands, and make effective use of limited resources. Use of technology, access to timely, accurate and relevant information, strong leadership, prior experience, and emergency training were critical to this. However, most research is descriptive rather than evaluative.ConclusionsOverall, findings highlight the need for further research that examines what mechanisms facilitate and hinder emergency response to pandemics. This scoping review provides a knowledge framework for informing future research that can support emergency services in preparing for events of national and international significance.
Essential elements for a nationwide remote pharmacy trainee mentoring program: An opinion of the Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Wheeler Sarah E. , McDanel Deanna , Kiser Katie , Majerczyk Daniel , Nguyen Julie Ha , Crannage Erica F. , Smith Taylor , Lipari Melissa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMentorship is vital for pharmacy trainees to develop professional skills and networks. This paper aims to share the development and implementation of a national remote mentorship program for pharmacy trainees within the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Ambulatory Care Practice and Research Network. We offer recommendations for developing a similar program within organizations emphasizing the program's framework as a resource for similar initiatives. The following key recommendations are proposed to enhance mentorship programs: (1) Program flexibility for tailored interactions; (2) Effective mentor–mentee matching through comprehensive data collection; and (3) Strong, early communication to maintain participant engagement. These strategies are crucial for successfully developing remote mentorship programs in professional pharmacy organizations, as evidenced by limited reports in the current literature.
Investigation of cadmium adsorption factors from water by synthesis of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/modified FDU‐12 nanocomposite
Authors: Esmaeili Iman , Soltanolkottabi Fariba , Hosseini Firuzeh , Jafari Hojat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChitosan (CTS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are two environmentally friend polymers. In this research, methacrylate‐modified FDU‐12 (FDU‐12‐NH2) nanoparticle was synthesized. It was used in the preparation of CTS/PVA/FDU‐12‐NH2 (2%, 5% w) composites. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were applied for the characteristics of the composites. Then, the produced composites were used as the adsorbents to remove cadmium (II) from the aqueous solutions. The optimal conditions of the Cd (II) adsorption factors were achieved. The different isotherms and kinetic models were applied to obtain the equilibrium adsorption information. The results indicated that Freundlich isotherm was the best isotherm model. Also, the kinetic model followed the pseudo‐second‐order. The maximum adsorption capacities were found 125 and 200 mgg−1 of the adsorbents by the Langmuir model. The results showed that the synthesized nanocomposite exhibited a good adsorbent for cadmium metal in the aqueous solution.
MCP‐5 suppresses osteoclast differentiation through Ccr5 upregulation
Authors: Kim Jung Ha , Kim Kabsun , Kim Inyoung , Seong Semun , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Kim Nacksung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHuman monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in mice has two orthologs, MCP‐1 and MCP‐5. MCP‐1, which is highly expressed in osteoclasts rather than in osteoclast precursor cells, is an important factor in osteoclast differentiation. However, the roles of MCP‐5 in osteoclasts are completely unknown. In this study, contrary to MCP‐1, MCP‐5 was downregulated during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation and was considered an inhibitory factor in osteoclast differentiation. The inhibitory role of MCP‐5 in osteoclast differentiation was closely related to the increase in Ccr5 expression and the inhibition of IκB degradation by RANKL. Transgenic mice expressing MCP‐5 controlled by Mx‐1 promoter exhibited an increased bone mass because of a decrease in osteoclasts. This result strongly supported that MCP‐5 negatively regulated osteoclast differentiation. MCP‐5 also prevented severe bone loss caused by RANKL.
Hemodynamic force dictates endothelial angiogenesis through MIEN1‐ERK/MAPK‐signaling axis
Authors: Cheng Lin , Shi Huiyu , Du Lingyu , Liu Qiao , Yue Hongyan , Zhang Huaiyi , Liu Xiaoheng , Xie Jing , Shen Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is well‐recognized that blood flow at branches and bends of arteries generates disturbed shear stress, which plays a crucial in driving atherosclerosis. Flow‐generated fluid shear stress (FSS), as one of the key hemodynamic factors, is appreciated for its critical involvement in regulating angiogenesis to facilitate wound healing and tissue repair. Endothelial cells can directly sense FSS but the mechanobiological mechanism by which they decode different patterns of FSS to trigger angiogenesis remains unclear. In the current study, laminar shear stress (LSS, 15 dyn/cm2) was employed to mimic physiological blood flow, while disturbed shear stress (DSS, ranging from 0.5 ± 4 dyn/cm2) was applied to simulate pathological conditions. The aim was to investigate how these distinct types of blood flow regulated endothelial angiogenesis. Initially, we observed that DSS impaired angiogenesis and downregulated endogenous vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) expression compared to LSS. We further found that the changes in membrane protein, migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) play a role in regulating ERK/MAPK signaling, thereby contributing to endothelial angiogenesis in response to FSS. We also showed the involvement of MIEN1‐directed cytoskeleton organization. These findings suggest the significance of shear stress in endothelial angiogenesis, thereby enhancing our understanding of the alterations in angiogenesis that occur during the transition from physiological to pathological blood flow.
More the merrier: Effects of plural brand names on perceived entitativity and brand attitude
Authors: Gupta Tanvi , Chen Shirley (Shuo) , Mohanty Smaraki 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research finds evidence for a plural name advantage on brand attitude. Six studies, including two archival datasets with real market brands and four experiments using fictitious brands, show that brands with plural names (e.g., Dunkin' Donuts) are associated with more favorable brand attitude than brands with singular names (e.g., Dunkin' Donut). This plural brand name advantage is driven by perceptions of brand entitativity emerging from the collective reading of plural entities. However, the positive effect of plural brand names on brand attitude is attenuated in the case of premium brands. This research has practical implications for brand name strategy and makes a theoretical contribution by bringing attention to the under‐researched space of morphology in brand name linguistics.
Unveiling Anoikis‐related genes: A breakthrough in the prognosis of bladder cancer
Authors: Jiang Shen , Yang Xiping , Lin Yang , Liu Yunfei , Tran Lisa Jia , Zhang Jing , Qiu Chengjun , Ye Fangdie , Sun Zhou 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. Anoikis remains a new form of cell death. It is necessary to explore Anoikis‐related genes in the prognosis of BLCA.MethodsWe obtained RNA expression profiles from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases for dimensionality reduction analysis and isolated epithelial cells, T cells and fibroblasts for copy number variation analysis, pseudotime analysis and transcription factor analysis based on R package. We integrated machine‐learning algorithms to develop the artificial intelligence‐derived prognostic signature (AIDPS).ResultsThe performance of AIDPS with clinical indicators was stable and robust in predicting BLCA and showed better performance in every validation dataset compared to other models. Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of rs3100578 (HK2) and rs66467677 (HSP90B1) exhibited significant correlation of bladder problem (not cancer) and bladder cancer, whereasSNP sites of rs3100578 (HK2) and rs947939 (BAD) had correlation between bladder stone and bladder cancer. The immune infiltration analysis of the TCGA‐BLCA cohort was calculated via the ESTIMATE (i.e. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignantTumours using Expression data) algorithm which contains stromal, immune and estimate scores. We also found significant differences in the IC50 values of Bortezomib_1191, Docetaxel_1007, Staurosporine_1034 and Rapamycin_1084 among the high‐ and low‐risk groups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, these findings indicated Anoikis‐related prognostic genes in BLCA and constructed an innovative machine‐learning model of AIDPS with high prognostic value for BLCA.
Raw starch degrading alkaline α‐amylase from Geobacillus kaustophilus TSCCA02: Production, characterization, and its potential for application as a detergent additive
Authors: Phonlamai Ausawadee , Kingkaew Thananya , Prajanket Pradabrat , Sakdapetsiri Chatsuda , Krajangsang Sukhumaporn , Kitpreechavanich Vichien , Lomthong Thanasak 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGeobacillus kaustophilus TSCCA02, a newly isolated strain from cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) rhizosphere soil in Thailand, showed maximum raw starch degrading enzyme (RSDE) activity at 252.3 ± 9.32 U/mL with cassava starch and peptone at 5.0 and 3.0 g/L, respectively. 16 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and phylogenetic tree analyses indicated that the TSCCA02 strain was closely related to G. kaustophilus. The crude RSDE had optimal activity at 60°C and pH 9.0. This enzyme degraded various kinds of starch including potato starch, cassava starch, rice flour, corn starch, glutinous rice flour, and wheat flour to produce sugar syrup at 60°C, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The major end products of starch hydrolysis were maltose and maltotriose with a small amount of glucose, confirming this enzyme as an α‐amylase. The enzyme improved the washing efficiency of cotton fabric with commercial detergent. Results indicated the potential of alkaline α‐amylase produced from a new isolate of G. kaustophilus TSCCA02 for application as a detergent additive on an industrial scale.
Target‐guided isolation and purification of cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitors from Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography combined with ultrafiltration liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Aijing , La Mencuo , Wang Yao , Chen Tao , Mian Ruisha , He Fangfang , Li Yulin , Zou Denglang 
Published: January 2024

Meconopsis integrifolia (Maxim.) Franch. is used extensively in traditional Tibetan medicine for its potent anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, six cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors were purified from M. integrifolia using high‐speed counter‐current chromatography guided by ultrafiltration liquid chromatography (ultrafiltration‐LC). First, ultrafiltration‐LC was performed to profile the COX‐2 inhibitors in M. integrifolia. The reflux extraction conditions were further optimized using response surface methodology, and the results showed that the targeted COX‐2 inhibitors could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then the six target COX‐2 inhibitors were separated by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography with a solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n‐butanol/water (4:1:4, v/v/v. Finally, the six COX‐2 inhibitors, including 21.2 mg of 8‐hydroxyluteolin 7‐sophoroside, 29.6 mg of 8‐hydroxyluteolin 7‐[6′''‐acetylallosyl‐(1→2)‐glucoside], 42.5 mg of Sinocrassoside D3, 54.1 mg of Hypolaetin 7‐[6′′′‐acetylallosyll‐(l→2)‐3′′‐acetylglucoside, 30.6 mg of Hypolaetin 7‐[6′′′‐acetylallosyll‐(l→2)‐6′′‐acetylglucoside and 17.8 mg of Hypolaetin were obtained from 500 mg of sample. Their structures were elucidated by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. This study reveals that ultrafiltration‐LC combined with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography is a robust and efficient strategy for target‐guided isolation and purification of bioactive molecules. It also enhances the scientific understanding of the anti‐inflammatory properties of M. integrifolia but also paves the way for its further medicinal applications.
A Proof‐of‐Concept Computer Vision Approach for Measurement of Tympanic Membrane Perforations
Authors: Nwosu Obinna , Suresh Krish , Knoll Renata , Lee Daniel J. , Crowson Matthew G. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveSize, an important characteristic of a tympanic membrane perforation (TMP), is commonly assessed with gross estimation via visual inspection, a practice which is prone to inaccuracy. Herein, we demonstrate feasibility of a proof‐of‐concept computer vision model for estimating TMP size in a small set of perforations.MethodsAn open‐source deep learning architecture was used to train a model to segment and calculate the area of a perforation and the visualized tympanic membrane (TM) in a set of endoscopic images of mostly anterior and relatively small TMPs. The model then computed relative TMP size by calculating the ratio of perforation area to TM area. Model performance on the test dataset was compared to ground‐truth manual annotations. In a validation survey, otolaryngologists were tasked with estimating the size of TMPs from the test dataset. The primary outcome was the average absolute error of model size predictions and clinician estimates compared to sizes determined by ground‐truth manual annotations.ResultsThe model's average absolute error for size predictions was a 0.8% overestimation for all test perforations. Conversely, among the 38 survey respondents, the average clinician error was a 11.0% overestimation (95% CI, 5.2–16.7%, p = 0.003).ConclusionsIn a small sample of TMPs, we demonstrated a computer vision approach for estimating TMP size is feasible. Further validation studies must be done with significantly larger and more heterogenous datasets.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 134:2906–2911, 2024
Silibinin, a potential fasting mimetic, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by triggering extrinsic apoptosis
Authors: Xiao Biying , Jiang Yanyu , Yuan Shuying , Cai Lili , Xu Tong , Jia Lijun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFasting, without inducing malnutrition, has been shown to have various beneficial effects, including the inhibition of tumor initiation and progression. However, prolonged fasting poses challenges for many cancer patients, particularly those in intermediate and terminal stages. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of fasting mimetics which harness the protective effects of fasting but more suitable for patients. In this study, we first highlighted the pivotal role of silibinin in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and may serve, as a potential fasting mimetic via screening hepatoprotective drugs. Further metabolic analysis showed that silibinin inhibited the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, glucose uptake and diminished glycolysis process, which further confirmed that silibinin served as a fasting mimetic. In addition, fasting synergized with silibinin, or used independently, to suppress the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo. Mechanistically, silibinin upregulated death receptor 5 (DR5) through AMPK activation, and thus promoting extrinsic apoptosis and inhibiting HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of AMPK using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, significantly attenuated the upregulation of DR5 and the apoptotic response induced by silibinin. These findings suggest that silibinin holds promise as a fasting mimetic and may serve as an adjuvant drug for HCC treatment.
A genetic variant in the MAST1 gene is associated with mega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome with hypoplastic cerebellar vermis, in a fetus
Authors: Yi Sheng , Tang Xianglian , Chen Fei , Wang Linlin , Chen Junjie , Yang Zuojian , Huang Minpan , Yi Shang , Huang Limei , Yang Qi , Yang Shuihua , Pan Pingshan , Qin Zailong , Luo Jingsi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundMega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations is a rare neurological disorder that is associated with typical clinical and imaging features. The syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the MAST1 gene, which encodes a microtubule‐associated protein that is predominantly expressed in postmitotic neurons in the developing nervous system.MethodsFetal DNA from umbilical cord blood samples and genomic DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes were subjected to whole‐exome sequencing. The potential causative variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA 26‐year‐old primigravid woman was referred to our prenatal center at 25 weeks of gestation due to abnormal ultrasound findings in the brain of the fetus. The brain abnormalities included wide cavum septum pellucidum, shallow and incomplete bilateral lateral fissure cistern, bilateral dilated lateral ventricles, hyperplastic corpus callosum, lissencephaly, and cortical dysplasia. No obvious abnormalities were observed in the brainstem or cerebellum hemispheres, but the cerebellum vermis was small. Whole‐exome sequencing identified a de novo, heterozygous missense variant, c.695T>C(p.Leu232Pro), in the MAST1 gene and a genetic diagnosis of mega‐corpus‐callosum syndrome was considered.ConclusionThis study is the first prenatal case of MAST1‐related disorder reported in the Chinese population and has expanded the mutation spectrum of the MAST1 gene.
An improved impedance space for extended hybrid continuous mode power amplifiers
Authors: Hao Peng , Shen Ce , You Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExtended hybrid continuous mode expands the design bandwidth of the power amplifier (PA) by sacrificing drain efficiency. To balance the performance of drain efficiency and bandwidth, this letter limits the range of relevant parameters of its impedance space through theoretical analysis. An improved high‐efficiency load impedance space is proposed. Through the improved high‐efficiency impedance space, a PA operating at 0.8–2.2 GHz is designed, with a drain efficiency of more than 55% and an output power of more than 38.2 dBm, which verifies the design goals of broadband and high efficiency.
An ultra‐wideband polarization‐insensitive optically transparent band‐notched absorber
Authors: Zhu Min , Wang Yi , Wang Lingling , Huo Feifei , Wang Xuedao , Cao Qunsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, a polarization‐independent optical transparent absorber with a notch band has been designed, fabricated, and experimented. The proposed structure is composed of three layers made of indium tin oxide (ITO) films with different surface resistances separated by polydimethylsiloxane substrates, which can realize ultra‐wideband absorption. The absorber presents two discrete absorption bands in the frequency range of 3.65–28.82 and 37.72–43.69 GHz, and reflective behavior from 31 to 36.57 GHz. Compared with existing notched band absorbers, this proposed structure has obvious advantages such as structure stability, polarization insensitivity, simple structure, and ultra‐wide absorption bandwidth up to 155%. The prototype was fabricated and a reasonable agreement was obtained between the simulated and measured results.
Pedicle screw path planning for multi‐level vertebral fixation
Authors: Zhao Jingwei , Zhang Yunxian , Zhan Shi , Zhang Qi , Wang Dan , Peng Fan , Cui Shangqi , Wang Binbin , Shi Zhe , He Da , Liu Bo , Yang Zhi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor the spinal internal fixation procedures, connecting rods to the pedicle screws are commonly used in all spinal segments from the cervical to sacral spine. So far, we have only seen single vertebral screw trajectory planning methods in literatures. Joint screw placements in multi‐level vertebrae with the constraint of an ipsilateral connecting rod are not considered.PurposeIn this paper, a screw trajectory planning method that considers screw‐rod joint system with both multi‐level vertebral constraints and individual vertebral safety tolerance are proposed.MethodsThe proposed method addresses three challenging constraints jointly for multi‐level vertebral fixation with pedicle screws. First, a cylindrical screw safe passage model is suggested instead of a unique mathematical optimal trajectory for a single pedicle. Second, the flexible screw cap accessibility model is also included. Third, the connecting rod is modeled to accommodate the spine contour and support the needed gripping capacity. The retrospective clinical data of relative normal shape spines from Beijing Jishuitan hospital were used in the testing. The screw trajectories from the existing methods based on single vertebra and the proposed method based on multi‐level vertebrae optimization are calculated and compared.ResultsThe results showed that the calculated screw placements by the proposed method can achieve 88% success rate without breaking the pedicle cortex and 100% in clinical class A quality (allow less than 2 mm out of the pedicle cortex) compared to 86.1% and 99.1%, respectively, with the existing methods. Expert evaluation showed that the screw path trajectories and the connecting rod calculated by the new method satisfied the clinical implantation requirements.ConclusionsThe new screw planning approach that seeks an overall optimization for multi‐level vertebral fixation is feasible and more advantageous for clinical use than the single vertebral approaches.