bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering water utilities: Crafting an end-user-friendly reliability ranking for evaluating satellite remote sensing advances through literature insights
Authors: Malthus Timothy J. , Nelli Filippo , Taheriashtiani Negar , Vanrolleghem Peter A. , Crosbie Nicolas D. , Zamyadi Arash 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Satellite remote sensing provides extensive data for water management, enabling the measurement of hydro-meteorological and environmental variables. It aids in assessing trends, and hydrological conditions and guiding appropriate management actions. Satellite remote sensing serves as a cost-effective supplement to ground-based monitoring infrastructure. Over the past decade, satellite Earth observation technologies have advanced significantly, offering new opportunities for water utilities and agencies. These developments include improved satellite capabilities, enhanced data access, private sector involvement, and advancements in data processing and analytics. However, an end-user-friendly reliability ranking tool for evaluating numerous satellite remote sensing options is needed for operational decision-making purposes. Here, we summarise recent trends and the literature on satellite remote sensing for water management, evaluating its capabilities and available tools, focusing on the routine but essential operation of utilities. A novel assessment of satellite potential implementation to water-related applications using an end-user-friendly reliability ranking process is presented. The study focuses on selected application areas, including catchment monitoring, water demand estimation, flood monitoring, water quality monitoring, farm dam monitoring, urbanization trends, drought forecasting, fire spotting, and post-fire water quality impacts. This paper outlines the operational advantages/limitations of satellite remote sensing and provides recommendations for its adoption.
Application of enhanced coagulation in drinking water treatment from the degraded catchment to reduce NOM: a major DBP precursor
Authors: Hailu Awraris , Sishu Feleke K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

The occurrence of dissolved natural organic matter (NOM) in drinking water sources can potentially lead to the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). In regions like the degraded soil of the Ethiopian highlands, which have low humic content, hydrophilic NOM tends to dominate. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of enhanced coagulation in reducing precursors of DBPs in surface water used for drinking purposes. The Angereb reservoir, part of Gonder City's water supply in the Ethiopian highlands, was chosen as the study area. Jar testing was conducted to evaluate the NOM removal efficiency of enhanced coagulation methods using ferric chloride and aluminum sulfate coagulants. Water samples were collected during both dry and wet seasons in 2023. Various parameters, such as total organic carbon (TOC), ultraviolet absorbance at a wavelength of 254 nm (UVA@254), pH, and other water quality indicators, were analyzed. Results revealed that the NOM present was primarily hydrophilic, as anticipated, with specific ultraviolet absorbance values below 2 L/mg−1 m−1. The existing treatment process, which involved prechlorination and coagulation with aluminum sulfate, removed less than 28% of TOC and 14% of UVA@254. However, using ferric chloride-enhanced coagulation achieved a removal efficiency of 50% for both TOC and UVA@254.
Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Social Anxiety Disorder among Medical Students at Sultan Qaboos University: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kadhim Rania , Al Azri Mohammed , Al Lawati Abdullah , Al Sinawi Hamed 
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Objective:
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is an excessive and irrational fear of social situations, leading to an avoidance of those situations. Individuals with
SAD may fear acting in a certain way or exhibiting anxiety symptoms in front of others, which can significantly impact their daily functioning and
quality of life. Among medical students, SAD can negatively influence academic performance, particularly in exams, and lead to employment
difficulties. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unique stressors, including social isolation and the transition to online learning, which may have
exacerbated anxiety-related conditions. Understanding the prevalence and associated factors of SAD during this period is essential to develop
targeted interventions for students. Thus, this work aimed to assess the prevalence and demographic correlates of SAD among medical students at
the College of Medicine and Health Sciences at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) in Oman during the pandemic.

Methods:
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2020 in SQU, College of Medicine and Health Sciences.
Medical students from all academic years were invited to complete demographic data and the Liebowitz social anxiety scale (LSAS). The LSAS is
a 24-item self-rating scale to assess SAD. An analysis using a Chi-square test was performed to obtain the factors associated with SAD.

Results:
A total of 558 students completed the questionnaire, of which 348 were female (62%). The total prevalence of SAD was 64%, whereas moderate
grade SAD accounted for 27% of the participants, marked grade 19%, severe grade 11%, and very severe grade 7%. Among the students who had
the disorder, 71% suffered a generalized subtype of SAD. A significant association between SAD and phase of study (p<0.001), age group
(p<0.001), and gender (p<0.001) was found. Phase 1 (69%) exhibited the highest prevalence, followed by phase 2 (66%) and phase 3 (48%).
Among the age groups, 17-19 years group (67%) demonstrated the highest prevalence, followed by age groups 20-22 (64%) and 23-25 (46%). In
terms of gender, females (70%) were more likely to display SAD symptoms than males (52%).

Conclusion:
The results of this study indicated a high prevalence of SAD among medical students and showed a significant association between SAD and the
phase of study, age group, and gender. These results could help justify the establishment of targeted mental health interventions to support medical
students in managing their anxiety, which can ultimately result in an improvement in their academic performance and overall quality of life.
University administrators and psychologists should aim to develop supportive programs for students.
Lysyl Oxidase as a Target to Reduce Graft Failure Post Solid Organ Transplantation, a Potential Target for Novel Treatment
Authors: Khodashahi Rozita , Sabbagh Mahin Ghorban , Ferns Gordon A. , Toutouni Mohammad Naser , Bonab Mohammad Semsari , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
The present review was undertaken to clarify the potential role of the lysyl
oxidase (Lox) family of enzymes in delaying graft dysfunction. Delayed graft failure is
a well-known event that occurs post-transplantation period. Ischemia and trauma to the
graft tissue before or during the operation procedures are likely to be the most important
etiological causes of this complication. The lox proteins family including Lox and Lox--
like proteins (LoxL1-4) are copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of
collagens to stabilize extracellular matrix (ECM). Hypoxia-induced factor 1-α (HIF-1α)
and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) are two upstream regulators of the Lox proteins
family whose expression increased following hypoxia and tissue injury. Lox proteins’
overactivation upregulates several intracellular transduction pathways to promote
oxidative stress (OS), ECM proteins accumulation, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition
(EMT) contribute to vascular stiffness and tissue fibrogenesis, which increase the
risk of graft failure post solid organ transplantation (SOT). Preclinical studies have
shown that Lox protein inhibitors have the potential to prevent organ fibrosis. Regarding
the molecular effects of Lox proteins in causing tissue fibrosis, these molecules can be
further investigated as a drug target in reducing the possibility of organ fibrosis after allograft
transplantation.
Synthesis, Anticancer Activity, and Mitochondria-targeted Bioimaging Applications of Novel Fluorescent Calix [4]arenes-benzimidazole
Derivatives
Authors: Solmaz Beyza , Oguz Alev , Oguz Mehmet , Ozturk Bahadir , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Calix[n]arenes have attracted great attention due to their biocompatibility and superior stability. When the necessary functional groups are attached
to these compounds, they may have the potential to target tumor tissues. Benzimidazoles
are among the anticancer drugs discovered in recent years.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to design and synthesise a series of calix[4]arenes-benzimidazoles. For comparison purposes, a benzimidazole derivative was synthesized by attaching it to the diester. The anticancer effects of these compounds were investigated by
performing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell imaging studies on cancer cell lines.

Methods:
Some of the obtained compounds were synthesized by employing the methods
available in literature studies, and the rest were synthesized by modifying previous methods. As a result, a total of 3 new fluorescent calix[4]arene-benzimidazole derivatives
were synthesized. MTT was used for cell proliferation, and Annexin V was used for
apoptosis studies. For confocal imaging studies, cells were treated with DAPI and MitoTracker dyes.

Results:
Four designed calix[4]arene-benzimidazoles were successfully synthesized and
structurally confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The anticancer
study on four synthesized compounds was performed. Bio-imaging studies were performed using confocal microscopy for the three successfully synthesized fluorescent
compounds.

Conclusion:
CB5-a and CB5-c were found to be the most effective against MCF-7 cells
and CB5-b against HT-29 cells in the MTT test. Apoptosis analyses also proved that these compounds inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. As a comparison compound,
the synthesized CB5-R proved to be less cytotoxic than the fluorescent compounds by
the MTT method, and we found the cationic compound to bind to the calix[4]arene more
effectively than the molecule’s binding to the diester.
Advances in the Synthesis and SAR of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Scaffold
Authors: Wei Xiongpiao , Fan Dang , Dong Haifeng , Li Min , Lv Qiaoli , Zheng Pengwu , Wang Linxiao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine and its derivatives have garnered significant attention due to their
potential biological and pharmacological activities. Research has demonstrated their significant potential
for antitumor and antibacterial applications. Over the years, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have
remained a research focus for scientists, with numerous synthetic methods and reaction conditions reported.
This review comprehensively summarizes the fast, facile, and economical synthetic methods for pyrido[2,3-
d]pyrimidine derivatives over the past years, which are categorized based on different synthetic precursors,
and evaluates their antitumor and antibacterial activities, aiming to make them better serve the cause of human
health.
The Impact of Thermal and pH Variations on the Structure of Cathepsin D in the Hepatopancreas of Japanese Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum)
Authors: Francisco Cadena-Cadena , Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer , Francisco Javier Cinco-Moroyoqui , Alonso Alexis López-Zavala , Hisila del Carmen Santacruz-Ortega , Ignacio Alfredo Rivero-Espejel , Ofelia Rouzaud-Sández , José Luis Cárdenas-López 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Cathepsin D is a lysosomal enzyme that plays a critical role in the process
of protein catabolism. In marine organisms, research has primarily concentrated on the identification
of the enzyme. However, in crustaceans and molluscs, it is known to have digestive functions,
as it is the sole enzyme responsible for protein degradation at extremely acidic pH in the hepatopancreas.
In the Japanese clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), cathepsin D was purified and partially
characterised by the hepatopancreas.

Methods:
To evaluate changes in secondary structure, circular dichroism (CD) was employed under
a range of 5-70°C and pH of 1-7.5. Following dissection, the enzyme was purified from the hepatopancreas
by ultrafiltration and affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE was used to verify the
sample purity, and gel filtration was used to determine the molecular weight.. CD spectra were obtained
at a concentration of 0.125 mg/mL, expressed as mean ellipticity per residue.

Results:
The purified cathepsin D demonstrated a specific activity of 5,553 ± 220 U/mg and a
molecular weight of 36.5 kDa. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity within a temperature
range of 45-50°C and a pH range of 3-3.5. CD analyses demonstrated alterations in the secondary
structure at elevated temperatures and pH fluctuations, which were correlated with a reduction in
enzyme activity.

Conclusion:
cathepsin D from R. philippinarum exhibited high thermostability up to 50°C and activity
at pH 2-4. Its stability and characteristics are comparable to those of other species, which
opens avenues in biotechnology for protein hydrolysis and peptide production.
A Novel Platinum-Resistance-related Gene Signature in Ovarian Cancer:
Identification and Patient-derived Organoids Verification
Authors: Lin Jie , Cai Xintong , Liu Linying , Li Anyang , Huang Huaqing , Fu Yixin , Dai Zhisen , Sun Yang 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Platinum-based chemotherapy resistance is one of the main contributors to the mortality of Ovarian Cancer (OC). It is believed that sensitive biomarkers
for identifying the population that is platinum-resistant are urgently needed. This study
aims to develop a platinum-resistance gene-based signature to predict OC patients' responses to platinum drugs as well as survival outcomes.

Methods:
A platinum-resistance-related gene model was built by bioinformatics analysis.
Then, its predictive power was internally validated. Continually, a nomogram was constructed to confirm the model's predictive ability. Afterward, GSEA was used to explore
our model's potential functions. The ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, TIMER, and ssGSEA
were applied to estimate immune conditions. Then, somatic mutation and drug sensitivity
were also analyzed. Finally, to gain insights into the roles of targeted genes in drug sensitivity, patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) validation was performed.

Results:
Nine platinum-resistance-related genes, including SLC22A2, TAP1, PC, MCM3,
GTF2H2, FXYD5, SUPT6H, IGKC, and MATN2, were anchored to build the predictive
model, which was well internally validated. Subsequently, GSEA unveiled that our model
genes enriched in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. The predictive signature was associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA4, guiding immunotherapy applications for OC patients. Drugs such as dasatinib, midostaurin, metformin,
MK-2206, and mitomycin C might also benefit OC patients with different risk scores.
PDOs showed patients with high-risk scores were more resistant to cisplatin than patients
with low-risk scores.

Conclusion:
The platinum-resistance-related gene signature (SLC22A2, TAP1, PC,
MCM3, GTF2H2, FXYD5, SUPT6H, IGKC, and MATN2) is valuable for prognosis prediction and guidance of treatment choices for OC patients
A Recent Progress in Biological Activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its Derivatives: A Review
Authors: chandurwala Sarah , Balachandran Hardha , Gowramma B. , M. Yokkesh , Pranav Vishal , Vinethmartin J. , Jangra Aryan , Arun Sowmiya , L. Kaviarasan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract:
1,3,4-thiadiazole can be produced in several ways and has a wide range of possible biological
uses. As a result, scientists have created novel procedures for producing 1,3,4-thiadiazole
derivatives and their use in medicine. Among the activities are Anticancer, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial,
antifungal, antiinflammatory, antiHIV, antidiabetic, antitubercular, antifungal, and other
properties. We have compiled different biological activities of 1,3,4-thiadazole in this review study.
Many researchers may find the material on this page helpful, which could result in the identification
of new medicinal species beneficial to society.
Hexagonal Fractals: Topological Indices, Fractal Dimensions, Structure-Property Modeling and its Applications
Authors: K. B. Gayathri , Santiago Roy , S Govardhan 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Hexagonal fractals are intricate geometric patterns that exhibit self-similarity. They are characterized by their repetitive hexagonal shapes at different scales. Due to their unique properties and potential applications, hexagonal fractals have been stud-ied in various fields, including mathematics, physics, and chemistry.

Objective:
The primary aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of hex-agonal fractals, focusing on their topological indices, fractal dimensions, and their applica-tions in structure-property modeling. We aim to calculate topological indices to quantify the structural complexity and connectivity of hexagonal fractals. Additionally, we will determine fractal dimensions to characterize their self-similarity and scaling behaviour. Finally, we will explore the relationship between topological indices, fractal dimensions, and relevant prop-erties through structure-property modeling.

Methods:
A systematic approach was employed to investigate hexagonal fractals. Various topological indices were computed using established mathematical techniques. Fractal di-mensions were determined. Structure-property modeling was conducted by establishing re-lationships between the calculated topological indices and fractal dimensions with experi-mentally measured properties.

Results:
The research yielded significant findings regarding hexagonal fractals. A variety of topological indices were calculated, revealing the intricate connectivity and structural com-plexity of these fractals. Fractal dimensions were determined, confirming their self-similar nature and scaling behaviour. Structure-property modeling demonstrated strong correlations between the topological indices and fractal dimensions with properties such as conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical reactivity.

Conclusion:
This research provides valuable insights into the topological characteristics, fractal dimensions, and potential applications of hexagonal fractals. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of these complex structures and their relevance in various scien-tific domains. The developed structure-property modeling approaches offer a valuable tool for predicting and controlling the properties of materials based on their fractal structure. Fu-ture research may explore additional applications and delve into the underlying mechanisms governing the relationship between fractal structure and properties.
Unveiling miR-1468-5p: A New Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Yi , Li Dongbing , Fang Yueyu 
Published: February 2025

Background:
miR-1468-5p, a type of microRNA, is acknowledged for its crucial involvement
in a variety of cancerous processes. Nonetheless, the specific impact of this microRNA
on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not yet been clearly defined.

Objective:
Our aim was to investigate how miR-1468-5p influences LUAD.

Methods:
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) offered specimens for our research. Employing statistical
techniques, we assessed the diagnostic and prognostic significance of miR-1468-5p, as
well as its association with clinical characteristics. Our analysis delved into the target genes and
the regulatory mechanisms influenced by miR-1468-5p. The expression levels of miR-1468-5p in
LUAD cell lines were validated through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
(qRT-PCR).

Results:
The expression of miR-1468-5p varied significantly across different cancer types. The
presence of reduced miR-1468-5p levels was correlated with a lower likelihood of overall survival
in LUAD patients, with a statistically significant result (p = 0.005). miR-1468-5p demonstrated independent
prognostic significance in LUAD and potentially contributes to disease progression via
multiple pathways, including the HIF-1 signaling pathway and more. There was a significant reduction
in miR-1468-5p expression in LUAD cell lines when compared to cells of the normal lung
epithelium.

Conclusion:
miR-1468-5p may serve as a useful patent as a therapeutic intervention target and a
prognostic indicator for LUAD patients.
Exploring Coding Sequence Length Distributions Across Taxonomic
Kingdoms Based on Maximum Information Principle
Authors: Temesgen Sebu Aboma , Grace-Mercure Bakanina Kissanga , Ahmad Basharat , Jin Yan-Ting , Liu Li , Lin Hao 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Genetic information about organisms' traits is stored and encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences. The fundamental inquiry into the storage mechanisms of this genetic information within genomes has long been of interest to geneticists and biophysicists.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of coding sequence (CDS)
lengths in species genomes across different kingdoms.

Methods:
In this study, we used the maximum entropy principle and the gamma distribution model
based on a comprehensive dataset including viruses, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote species

Results:
Our study result revealed unique patterns in CDS length distributions among kingdoms and
CDS lengths exhibit a right-skewed distribution, with varying preferences among kingdoms. Eukaryotes displayed bimodal distributions, with CDS sequences longer than those of prokaryotes. Fitting
the gamma distribution model revealed differences in shape and scale parameters among kingdoms,
with eukaryotes exhibiting larger scale parameters, indicating longer CDS sequences. Additionally,
analysis of moments highlighted the complexity of eukaryotic genomes relative to prokaryotes.

Conclusion:
This study result deepens our understanding of genome evolution and provides valuable insights for biological research.Conclusion: This study result deepens our understanding of genome evolution and provides valuable insights for biological research.
Study of Drug Release of Diclofenac Sodium Matrix Tablets Using Synergistic Effect of HPMC and Xanthan Gum Polymer
Authors: Rahaman Syed Mustafizur , Ashique Sumel , Bhowmick Mithun , Mollick Mirazuddin , Bhowmick Pratibha 
Published: February 2025

Aims:
To check the release efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredients from tablet
dosage form using synthetic and natural polymers.

Background:
Diclofenac sodium in sustained release manner tablets was created by Xanthan
gum, HPMC, and mixed with both polymers to change the concentration ratio. The dosage form
of the tablet was examined for the early stage formulation studies such as repose angle, apparent
density, compressibility index, and some corporal properties like weight variant, friability, and
content of the drug. For post-formulation studies, like in-vitro studies were implemented in a
solution of phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 8 hours. All the corporal properties of the diclofenac sodium
tablets were within the limit of tolerance.

Objective:
The study checked the Diclofenac Sodium release kinetics from synthetic and natural
polymer-modified tablets.

Method:
Following the wet granulation method, we prepared a diclofenac sodium tablet using
HPMC and Xanthan Gum Polymer

Result:
The tablet that contained both HPMC and Xanthan gum (Batch C-I and C-II) shows the
best drug content than other polymer-based batches like HPMC (Batch A-I, A-II) and Xanthan
gum (Batch B-I, B-II). The great sustained drug release was shown in the HPMC and Xanthan
gum mixed polymer-based matrix tablet (Batch C-I). The data showed that the mixing of polymers
could lead to sustaining drug release from the formulation.

Conclusion:
From the research, we can conclude that the diclofenac release % was maximum
when we used a combination of both polymers in the tablet dosage form.