bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of biodiesel from hemp oil and oleic acid with sulfonated camphor catalysts is to be evaluated with controlled tests in a diesel engine
Authors: Sánchez-Cárdenas Manuel , Sánchez-Olmos Luis Antonio , Trejo Fernando , Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj , Montes Rivera Martín 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research examines the performance variables, combustion, and the amounts of NOx, CO, HC, and K emissions in a diesel engine, using blends of hemp biodiesel and oleic acid biodiesel with conventional diesel. To obtain biodiesel from hemp oil and oleic acid, a heterogeneous sulfonated camphor catalyst (CASU-AL) was used for the transesterification of hemp oil and the esterification of oleic acid respectively. Several characterization tests were performed on the CASU-AL catalyst such as the acid-base titration method for the quantification of acid sites, XRD analysis to determine the areas of the carbonaceous material, images and composition of CASU-AL were obtained with SEM and EDX, the porosity characteristics and surface properties were assessed with BET analysis. Constant operating conditions were used in the autogenous reactor with a temperature of 200 °C, a reaction time of 23 min, and a quantity of sulfonated camphor catalyst of 0.033 % w. Several analyses were applied to the CASU-AL, several mixtures were made with conventional diesel, and different biodiesels were obtained in the laboratory. The mixtures were conventional diesel (DIE-100), hemp oil biodiesel (BAC-100), oleic acid biodiesel (BAO-100), Diesel-BAC mixture with 30 % hemp oil biodiesel (MDBAC-30), and Diesel-BAO mixture with 30 % oleic acid biodiesel (MDBAO-30). For the tests in a diesel engine, three speed zones were selected in the engine to identify the behavior at low speed at 1,200 rpm, medium speed at 1,400 rpm, and high speed at 1800 rpm. Combustion tests reveal that no significant variation is observed in the characteristics and performance of the diesel engine, however, in the gaseous products derived from combustion, significant reductions in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon, and an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions were achieved when using DIE-100 compared to BAC-100 and BAO-100. The tests showed a reduction in NOx, CO, HC, K, and smoke emissions when testing MDBAC-30 and MDBAO-30 in a laboratory diesel engine. A comparison of the properties of hemp oil-oleic acid biodiesels BAC-100 and BAO-100 with conventional diesel DIE-100 revealed that the different biodiesels used could be used alone or in a blend of 70 % diesel and 30 % biodiesel to fuel diesel engines by decreasing air pollutants and promoting lubricity in the engine. Our findings revealed that MDBAC-30 and MDBAO-30 showed the best engine performance and lowest emissions among all the tested fuels. In other words, MDBAC-30 and MDBAO-30 are the ideal fuel blends for diesel engines and do not require any modification to the engine.
Das Soziale Anstaltsklima aus Sicht von Menschen in Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen
Authors: Bögelein Nicole , Martinez Dreyer Theresa 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Text präsentiert die Ergebnisse aus Untersuchungen zum Sozialen Klima im Gefängnis in zwei deutschen Anstalten. Die Datenerhebung fand im Rahmen des Projektes »What really matters in prison: Exploring the concept of climate and resocialization across borders« statt: die Methode nutzt ethnographische Ansätze, es wurden Fragebögen verteilt, Interviews, Fokusgruppen sowie Beobachtungen durchgeführt – sowohl mit gefangenen Menschen als auch mit Bediensteten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Lebensrealitäten in den beiden untersuchten Anstalten unterscheiden, das spricht für den Einfluss des Sozialen Klimas einer Anstalt auf das Hafterleben der gefangenen Menschen. In beiden Anstalten zeigt sich die Prekarität von Menschen in Ersatzfreiheitsstrafen, die aus belasteten Lebenslagen kommen, die Ankunft in Haft als besonders belastend erleben und häufiger als Menschen in Strafhaft an Suizid denken. Genau wie Menschen in Strafhaft erleben sie keine Resozialisierung, sondern eine Entwurzelung und Schädigung durch die Haft. Die politische Dimension der Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe diskutieren Bedienstete und gefangene Menschen. Die Bediensteten erleben die Arbeit unterschiedlich, die einen betonen, wie viele Ressourcen die Ersatzfreiheitsstrafe binden würde, einige Sozialarbeitende aber empfinden die Arbeit als erfüllend.
Variations in carbohydrates molar mass distribution during chemical degradation and consequences on fibre strength
Authors: Montet Etienne , Lachenal Dominique , Chirat Christine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Industrial oxygen-delignified and fully-bleached hardwood kraft pulps were treated with chemicals to provoke carbohydrates depolymerisation: ozone, hypochlorous acid, and cellulase. The degrees of polymerisation (DP) of cellulose obtained by pulp viscosity measurement in Cuen and by size-exclusion chromatography after direct dissolution in DMAc/LiCl indicated the extent of the chemical degradation inflicted to the fibres. Molar mass distributions (MMD) described the carbohydrates depolymerisation patterns. Fibre strength was assessed by measuring the zero-span tensile index at never-dried state. Fibre strength deterioration seemed to be mainly driven by the topochemistry of the cellulose degradation (homogeneous or localised), rather than by its intensity usually measured as an average DP loss. In fact, depolymerisation by cellulase was found critically detrimental to fibres strength whereas ozone and hypochlorous acid induced little harm to the fibres despite a significant cellulose depolymerisation. According to these results, in line with several past studies, fibre strength measurements should be performed systematically as the sole pulp viscosity is an inadequate indicator. Alternatively, albeit being insufficient strength predictors on their own MMD can give valuable insight on the topochemistry of the cellulose degradation, a key aspect when monitoring fibre strength preservation during pulping and bleaching.
Ein Hort aus kaiserzeitlichen Pferdegeschirrbeschlägen von Milonice, Bez. Blansko (CZ)
Authors: Schuster Jan , Jílek Jan , Novák Marek , Havlíková Markéta 
Published: January 2025

Zusammenfassung
Die Studie evaluiert und interpretiert einen Satz von Pferdegeschirrbeschlägen von Milonice, Bez. Blansko (Mähren, Tschechische Republik) aus dem Bereich des europäischen Barbaricums. Die Beschläge stammen von mindestens zwei Garnituren und datieren in das späte 2. bis frühe 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr. Ihre Ausprägung kommt Funden von Illerup Ådal und Kazanskaya Stanica am nächsten. Sie stellen die ersten Vertreter dieser Gruppe in der mittleren Donauregion dar. Gebrauchsspurenuntersuchungen bestätigten eine Verwendung der Objekte und ihre Beschädigung. Die metallkundliche Analyse ergab, dass die untersuchten Artefakte (1 bis 6) aus Zinn, Messing und Silber hergestellt wurden. Mit Blick auf ihre Fundlage in der Landschaft und ihr Verhältnis zu mit anderen Funden in der Nähe ist eine Interpretation der Metallgegenstände als Deponieriung aus rituellen Gründen am wahrscheinlichsten.
Use of magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of organic and inorganic pollution in wastewater treatment-a review
Authors: Omar Nsar Sherko , Abd Ali Layth Imad , Qader Aryan Fathulla , Omer Rebaz Anwar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention for their exceptional magnetic properties and nano-level impact, making them highly effective tools for detecting environmental pollutants. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in utilizing MNPs for identifying organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater. Key aspects discussed include the intrinsic properties of MNPs, strategies for their modification, and production techniques. Emphasis is placed on their potential applications in water pollution detection, highlighting their ability to enhance contaminant concentration and separation efficiency compared to conventional methods. The findings suggest that MNP-based approaches not only improve detection sensitivity but also promote eco-friendly practices, contributing to sustainable environmental management.
Investigation into drug resistance to cisplatin in cancer stem cell-enriched population in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Dere Egemen , Akgün Oğuzhan , Aztopal Nazlıhan , Ulukaya Engin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
understanding drug resistance in cancer is of importance in treatment. Cancer stem cells are main factor for drug resistance. Therefore, the possible gene/gene interactions/proteins were explored in our study using a cancer stem cell-enriched population (H1299/S) derived from a parental non-small cell lung cancer cell line (H1299/P).

Methods
response to cisplatin, which is the main drug for the treatment of lung cancer, was evaluated with the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) viability test. As a result of the gene expression analysis, while 14 genes were not evaluated, expression profiles were obtained for 37 genes out of 51 genes. By the drug-protein interaction analyses, Topoisomerase I (TOPI), Topoisomerase 2 alpha (TOP2A), Topoisomerase 2 beta (TOP2B), Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 (CDK4), Cyclin-dependent kinases 6 (CDK6), ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 (ABCC3), B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A) genes and protein products were statistically significantly found to be in association with drug resistance.

Results and discussion
in bioinformatics analyses, it was observed that 13 pathways were affected due to expression changes and 12 genes related to these pathways were determined to activate multidrug resistance mechanisms.

Conclusions
platinum-based drugs, as well as a broad range of other agents including topoisomerase and PARP1 inhibitors, and anthracyclines, have been shown to potentially possess multiple drug resistance.
Violencia y legitimidad
Authors: Coronado Cecilia 
Published: January 2025

: La violencia sistémica consiste en los tratos agresivos que se infringen perpetua y sutilmente a individuos por parte de personas o grupos. Dicha violencia afecta negativamente el desarrollo de las distintas esferas sociales. Dado que la violencia sistémica es el resultado de una planeación racional, no alcanza a percibirse en su complejidad ni por los afectados ni por los agentes externos. El propósito del texto es discutir las razones por las que este tipo de violencia permanece aceptada. Para ello, en un primer momento se hablará sobre violencia sistémica y sus tipos. En un segundo momento se defenderá que las razones por las que comparece este tipo de violencia se deben al ejercicio continuado de la “razón instrumental” y el “autoritarismo” (bajo la perspectiva de Theodor Adorno y Max Horkheimer). Y, finalmente, se revisará si dicho análisis sirve para comprender las razones de comparecencia de ambos tipos de violencia sistémica o sólo de alguno de ellos.
MAIT Cell–Mediated Immune Mechanisms of Dialysis-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis and Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Sun Yuxiang , Huang Qiang , Sun Juan , Zhou Hu , Guo Dandan , Peng Long , Lin Hongchun , Li Canming , Shang Hongli , Wang Tongtong , Chen Yanxu , Huang Yong , Hu Cheng , Hu Zhaoyong , Lu Yan , Peng Hui 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Peritoneal fibrosis is a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) and abdominal surgeries, yet effective treatments remain elusive. Given the known roles of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in immune responses and fibrotic diseases, we investigated their involvement in PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis to identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods:
We employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry to characterize the activation and function of peritoneal MAIT cells in patients undergoing long-term PD. Our investigation focused on the molecular pathways activated by these cells, particularly the MHC class I–related protein 1 (MR1)-mediated interaction with mesothelial cells and subsequent activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway. We further assessed the impact of inhibiting MAIT cells on fibrogenesis using both in vitro models and Mr1 knockout mice.

Results:
Our study revealed that long-term PD significantly enhanced the activation of MAIT cells, particularly the pro-inflammatory MAIT17 subtype. These activated cells contributed to peritoneal fibrogenesis by binding to the MR1 receptor on mesothelial cells, which triggered hyperglycolysis through the mTORC1 pathway, ultimately leading to fibrogenesis. Notably, we demonstrated that blocking the MR1-MAIT interaction, either through genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition with acetyl-6-formylpterin (Ac-6-FP), effectively mitigated fibrosis.

Conclusions:
This study identified MAIT cells as crucial drivers of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis.
Los itinerarios de lectura y las constelaciones literarias como artefactos didácticos / Reading itineraries and literary constellations as didactic artifacts
Authors: Martos García Alberto E. 
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the role of literary constellations as didactic artifacts aimed at tracing intertextual and multimodal itineraries, as well as the most widespread methodologies. A multidisciplinary theoretical review and example and case studies significant to literary education are applied, establishing criteria for possible didactic interventions within educational practices.
In conclusion, the didactic significance of the artifactual approach to literary constellations and its relationship with multimodality is highlighted, describing possible strengths and weaknesses of the method.
La fenomenología como método liberador en la filosofía intercultural desde y para América Latina
Authors: Bravo Sanabria Ximena 
Published: January 2025

The article explores how phenomenology, particularly in the context of Latin America, can become a liberating tool by questioning colonial structures of thought and creating an intercultural dialogue that respects diverse worldviews. Latin America has historically been a site of oppression and marginalization, from colonialism to neoliberalism, and this legacy of subjugation has fueled a philosophy aimed not only at understanding but also at transforming this reality.
Phenomenology, with its focus on lived experience and Husserl's phenomenological reduction (epoché), enables questioning Eurocentric frameworks and recovering marginalized forms of knowledge and life. From this perspective, the “lifeworld “ (Lebenswelt) is not singular but plural, adapting to the experiences and contexts of each culture. Authors such as Raúl Fornet-Betancourt and Enrique Dussel propose a phenomenology that confronts cultural colonialism and promotes an ethical and political recognition of the oppressed “Other “ (the indigenous person, the peasant, the marginalized woman) allowing for a dialogue where these peoples are neither assimilated nor instrumentalized.
The intercultural philosophy emerging here does not seek a homogeneous universality but rather a plurality that preserves cultural identities and acknowledges their contributions. Phenomenology thus enables the construction of “conviviality “ or harmonious coexistence in a “pluriverse, “ where all worldviews and ways of life have a place. This approach not only challenges modernity and Eurocentrism but also proposes the need to build social and political relationships that go beyond individual interests, promoting an ethic of coexistence and complementarity. In sum, the proposed intercultural philosophy seeks to decolonize thought and position Latin America within a space of dialogue and resistance to the dominant world-system
Evaluating functional outcome of patients with limb length discrepancy after total hip replacement: a clinical prospective study
Authors: Kamaldeep  , Singh Dhalwinder , Aditya  
Published: January 2025

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is a reliable procedure for relief of pain in patients with avascular necrosis of head of femur and osteoarthritis of hip joint. In order to optimize function, hip mechanics should be restored to as near normal as possible. This includes restoration of limb length as well as femoral offset after total hip arthoplasty. There are two types of limb length discrepancies-apparent and true. Apparent Limb length discrepancy is due to pelvic obliquity. True limb length discrepancy is actual discrepancy caused due to under or oversized implants or due to contracture of tissues not allowing bones to achieve their anatomical position.
Methods: Surgeries were performed at Dayanand medical hospital. Preoperative templating was performed in all cases. Patients were examined before surgery and six months after surgery. In order to compare the outcomes of patients with different degrees of leg length discrepancy, patients were divided into four groups. The limb length discrepancy was measured both clinically and radiologically.
Results: Leg length discrepancies were there in postoperative patients. 3 have shortening of more than 5 mm, 8 have lengthening between 5-10 mm, 7 patients have lengthening more than 10 mm, 28 have discrepancy within 5mm. Functional outcome of patients was measured by using Harris hip score at a follow up of six months. In our series mean preoperative Harris hip score was 45.59 and mean Harris hip score at follow up was 89.70 (97–84), of which 52.2% graded as excellent and 47.8% as good.
Conclusions: In our study we found no correlation between leg length discrepancy and functional outcome following total hip arthroplasty was found.
Effect of ramucirumab on progression free survival and quality of life in conventional drug resistant or metastatic non-squamous variant of non-small cell lung cancers: a pilot study
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Dwivedi Rambit Chandra , Singh Krishna Kant , Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Dhirendra Pratap 
Published: January 2025

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in India overall with the lowest five-year survival rate. Early detection of lung cancer is challenging due to the absence of usual clinical signs.
Methods: This non-randomised, single-arm, retrospective and prospective, pilot observational study enrolled 20 adult patients who have histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic/drug-resistant/relapsed non-squamous NSCLC, having measurable disease at the time of study entry as defined by the response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST) with an Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status score of 0 to 2 and adequate organ function are eligible to participate in the study.
Results: The survival rate is exceedingly poor in the case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. The primary mass shrunk in size as the sum of the largest diameters (SLD) fell by a modest 12.22% up to the third chemotherapy cycle and a further 9.78% up to the sixth chemotherapy cycle. The progression-free survival duration was found 250.82 days, or roughly 8.33 months, and the overall survival (OS) period was 459 days, or approximately 15.3 months. Overall, the mean trial outcome index increased by 9.31% with additional chemotherapy cycles, while FACT-L increased by a comparable 24.25 percent.
Conclusions: Angiogenesis inhibitors, due to their novel mechanism of action, provide new therapeutic options for metastatic NSCLC. Despite our inability to draw statistically significant conclusions from these encouraging data, our experience with ramucirumab has been truly pleasant thus far.
A study on hospital acquired infections in paediatric patients admitted in paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat
Authors: Patel Bhargav G. , Shah Rinki H. , Patel Maitri 
Published: January 2025

Background: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings, leading to increased mortality and costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NIs in a paediatric intensive care units (ICU) in India.
Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted over one year in a paediatric ICU. Routine investigations, including blood culture, urine examination, and chest X-ray, were performed.
Results: Nosocomial bloodstream infections (BSIs) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) were the most common NIs. Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were the predominant organisms isolated from blood and ET secretion cultures. Severe anemia and severe acute malnutrition were significant co-morbidities contributing to mortality.
Conclusions: The study highlights the need for effective infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship in paediatric ICUs. Administering sensitive antibiotics based on geographical bacteriological profiles can improve outcomes and prevent antibiotic resistance.
Clinical profile and co-morbidities in children with moderate and severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Singh Amrita , Rathoria Ekansh , Khan Faraz Ahmad , Sattar Aatif , Rathoria Richa , Bansal Utkarsh , Kumari Gudiya , Singh Adity 
Published: January 2025

Background: Malnutrition as a problem is multidimensional and multifactorial with varied clinical profiles and comorbidities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical profile and comorbidities in children suffering from malnutrition and to estimate the association of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and severe acute malnutrition (SAM) with demographic parameters, feeding, and immunization.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 children with malnutrition, aged between 6 to 59 months, at Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Sitapur over 18 months. Demographic details, clinical history, clinical evaluation, anthropometric measurements, and investigations, were noted on predesigned performa. All the data were analyzed by SPSS software. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant.
Result: The mean age of children with malnutrition was 25.79(15.68) months. Wasting and severe wasting among children with malnutrition were 51.5 % and 48.5% respectively. Major comorbidities were diarrhoea (70.5%), severe anemia (67.4%), pneumonia (62.9%), vitamin A deficiency (59.8%), sepsis (54.6%), urinary tract infection (54.5%), vitamin D deficiency (35.6%), worm infestation (30.3%), and tuberculosis (28.8%). A significant association of malnutrition was found with children of younger age (p<0.0001), Hindu religion (p<0.0001), not exclusively breastfed (p=0.004), delayed initiation of complementary feeding (p=0.029), and incomplete immunization (p=0.006).
Conclusion: Malnutrition is closely linked to poor infant and young child feeding practices. Malnourished children suffer from various infections and micronutrient deficiencies. Adequate and timely nutritional support plays a vital role in breaking the vicious cycle of undernutrition-disease-undernutrition resulting in recovery.