bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative analysis of the fingerprints of the Tharus of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Srivastava R. P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFingerprints of the Rana, the Danguria and the Pachchimaha, three major localized endogamous groups of the Tharus of Uttar Pradesh were analyzed with a view to see whether or not they also represent three different dermatoglyphic populations. The Tharus are probably a tribal people of the Himalayan Region with Mongolian affiliations. In Uttar Pradesh, they live in a malarious area called Tarai, a swampy forest‐clad alluvial tract between the Himalayan foothills and the northern Indian plains. The Rana are confined to the districts of Naini Tal and Kheri, the Danguria to Bahraich and Gonda, whereas the Pachchimaha live in Gorakhpur.Investigations on fingerprints of 261 Rana, 204 Danguria and 114 Pachchimaha Tharus suggests that the various pattern types are distributed much the same way in the three endogamous groups. The loops (54.97%) are more numerous than the whorls (41.01%) in both the sexes of each group of the Tharus. An evaluation of the statistical significance of the mean differences in the index of pattern intensity and the ridge counts between pairs of male and female samples of the three groups revealed that they represent a single biological population in respect of fingerprint determinants. Thus the mean indices of pattern intensity are 13.76±0.19 and 13.59±0.21 in male and female samples of the Tharus respectively. As regards the ridge count we observe a mean of 130.61±2.30 in males and 121.50±2.87 in females. Sexual difference in the mean ridge count is noticeable only among the Rana.
Distribution of haptoglobin, transferrin, and hemoglobin types among Indians of Middle America: In British Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama
Authors: Albin Matson G. , Eldon Sutton H. , Swanson Jane , Robinson A. R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBlood specimens from putatively pure Maya and Kekchi Indians in British Honduras; Bribri, Boruca, Cabécar and Térraba in Costa Rica; and San Blas Cuna, Chocó and Guaymi in Panama have been tested for haptoglobins, transferrins and hemoglobin types, and the phenotype incidences and frequencies of genes controlling these serum proteins have been reported.Hp1 gene frequencies resemble generally those previously reported for Indians but the frequency of 0.197 for Hp1 among the Bribri of Costa Rica is the lowest re‐ported for any aboriginal population in Middle America.The distribution of transferrins varies appreciably among these different popula‐tions, the range being similar to those reported for other Middle Ameican tribes (Mat‐son et al., '63).Nearly all 1,107 hemolysates tested had only type A hemoglobin. Hemoglobin type AS was found in two of 67 Térraba. These two specimens also tested R2r and R0r respec‐tively for Rh genotypes, suggesting foreign admixture, since both R0 and r genes are extremely rare or absent in American Indians. Hemoglobin AS was observed also in five (two of whom were brothers) of 153 Guaymi Indians in Panama. One homozy‐gous S type was found also among the Guyami. Two AS were present in 198 Samples of blood from the San Blas Cuna.
The skin of primates. XXVI. Specific and nonspecific phosphatases in the skin of the rhesus monkey
Authors: Im Michael J. C. , Montagna William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn the skin of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), both melanotic and amelanotic dendritic melanocytes in the epidermis, the free nerve endings in the epidermis, and Meissner's corpuscles have a specific adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) reactivity. In the eccrine sweat glands, the intercellular canaliculi and the membranes of the clear cells have strong ATPase activity. The cytoplasm of the dark cells, in contrast with the other cellular elements of the sweat glands, contains 5‐nucleotidase activity.
The skin of primates. XXV. Melanogenesis in the skin of the bushbabies
Authors: Yun Jeung S. , Montagna William 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn the epidermis of the bushbabies (Galago senegalensis and Galago crassicaudatus) melanogenesis begins in fetal life, reaches a maximum activity at birth, and is finally lost during the early postnatal life. Except for that on the ears, which remains pigmented throughout adult life, the epidermis of the hairy skin of these animals remains largely unpigmented. The outer root sheath in the upper part of full grown follicles has dendritic melanocytes which are active only during the early stages of anagen, after which they remain quiescent until the beginning of the next cycle of growth.
A commentary on the significance of stresscoat and split‐line patterns on bone
Authors: Gaynor Evans F. 
Published: August 2005

Abstract“Stresscoat,” an industrial technique for showing sites of highest tensile strain and failure in machine parts, has been used for similar purposes in intact living and cadaver bones. Stresscoat cracks only arise from tensile strain in the underlying material and always lie transverse to the direction of the strain. Stresscoat and split‐line patterns do not represent stress trajectories. A trajectorial diagram can not be drawn for a bone because a bone is a three dimensional porous body composed of heterogeneous anisotropic material. Split‐lines show the “grain” of bone and may be related to its vascularity or growth. The mechanical significance of split‐lines is not clear.
A study of relationships between facial cold response and some variables of facial morphology
Authors: Steegmann A. T. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn experimental pilot study was conducted to determine possible interrelationships between facial skin temperature, facial protrusion, and facial fat thickness; it employed 1°C cold air stress and thermocouple measurement of response. Elevan Japanese and 15 white American males were tested. Variation in the colder facial temperatures after 90 minutes of cooling could not be explained by morphological parameters, though the Japanese maintained significantly higher facial temperatures than did the Americans. The “hunting phenomenon” was possibly involved, and the anthropological implications were briefly discussed.
An evaluation of race and sex identification from cranial measurements
Authors: Birkby Walter H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA total of 104 adult human crania (95 American Indian and 9 Labrador Eskimo) are used in this evaluation of a discriminant functional analysis for determining race and sex from eight cranial measurements. The methods used are those given by Giles and Elliot ('62). The study shows that non‐deformed American Indian crania are racially misclassified as American White and Negro in 35.6% of the cases when using this metrical method. Deformed Indian crania are racially misclassified 60.0% and 4.4% of the time as White and Negro respectively. The determination of sex on male crania, regardless of deformation, is as accurate as, or better than, the visual method of identification. The female crania, however, are shown to be incorrectly sexed in nearly 50% of the cases, with one non‐deformed group (Palus) running as high as 80.0%. This evaluation suggests, therefore, that discriminant functional analyses for race and / or sex determinations are not applicable to problems of human identification unless the crania are from that population on which these functions were established.
Sex determination of finnish crania by discriminant function analysis
Authors: Kajanoja Pauli 
Published: August 2005

AbstractUsing multivariant discriminant function analysis, the sex of 232 Finnish crania of known sex was determined. Eight measurements were used to form two discriminant functions. In 80% of cases the sex determination by means of the discriminant functions was identical with the original information. The applicability of the sex discriminant function of Giles and Elliot ('63) for American white and Negro crania was also tested on the Finnish crania. An accuracy of only 65% was attained.
The skin of primates XXVIII. The stump‐tail MACAQUE (Macaca speciosa)
Authors: Montagna W. , Machida H. , Perkins E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThough having some similarities to that of the rhesus monkey, the skin of the stump‐tail macaque has several unique features. The epidermis has a sparse population of active melanocytes, and there is practically no pigmentation in the dermis. The dermis is rich in elastic fibers, the function of which seems to be to anchor the hair follicles and the arrectores pilorum muscles, and the superficial blood vessels. Large numbers of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands in the forehead and scalp are reminiscent of the axillary organ in the Hominioidea. The very large sebaceous glands on the face and bald forehead and scalp resemble those of man. The forehead and anterior portion of the scalp are bald in the adult but not in juvenile animals. In spite of an apparently rich pelage, these animals seem to show a trend toward nakedness.
A comparison of somatotype methods
Authors: Heath Barbara Honeyman , Carter J. E. Lindsay 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn order to compare Parnell's and Heath's somatotype methods, the authors independently somatotyped a series of 59 adult male and 61 adult female subjects, (1) using the criteria of Heath's method, (2) using the criteria of Parnell's method, and (3) taking into consideration tentatively adapted Parnell criteria in addition to Heath's criteria.The authors conclude that when use similar rating criteria their mean differences are smaller, their overall correlations are similar, and their percentage agreements to a half‐unit are higher (96%) than for comparisons reported by other investigators.The study considers the potentially important relationships of measurements of subcutaneous fat to ratings of the first component. The similarity of distributions of subcutaneous fat measurements and of first component ratings in selected samples suggest important interrelationships among ratings of the first component, height/ weight ratios and subcutaneous fat measurements.The authors feel: (1) that Parnell's method fails to modify the basic weaknesses in Sheldon's somatotype method; and (2) that analyses of the anthropometric data basic to Parnell's method, if guided by the criteria of Heath's method, will further objectify and simplify Heath's method, will improve agreement among independent raters, and will increase the usefulness of somatotyping as a research instrument.
Observations on the platyrrhine nasal fossa
Authors: Cave A. J. E. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractIn non‐primates the nasal fossa manifests a posterior intrasphenoidal extension, accommodating the hindermost ethmoturbinals and an accompanying series of paranasal ectoturbinal cavities within the interorbital region. Primitive primates (e.g. Tarsius, Hapale, Saimiri) show phylogenetic loss of these cavities (together with the interorbital region and posterior ethmoturbinals) and the presence of an interorbital septum: a maxillary sinus only is present and the frontal and sphenoid bones are not pneumatized.In some phylogenetically advanced primates (e.g. Lagothrix, Alouatta) trends of cerebral enlargement and resultant separation of the orbits have induced some degree of reappearance of the lost interorbital territory, and an enhanced but variable pattern of peranasal pneumatization, involving the frontal and the sphenoid. Details of this pattern are described for Tarsius, Saimiri, Hapale, Cebus, Lagothrix and Alouatta, distinction being made between homologous and merely analogous paranasal cavities.
Study of blood groups and haemoglobin variants among the Santal tribe in Midnapore District of West Bengal, India
Authors: Chaudhuri S. , Ghosh J. , Mukherjee B. , Roychoudhury A. K. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBlood specimens of the Santals in Midnapore District of West Bengal, India were tested for the antigens A, B, C, D, E, c and e, when the incidence of B gene was found to be 26.8%. Another feature of the Santals was the high frequency (74.6%) of CDe chromosome with complete absence of cde. Trace of sickle‐cell trait was also noticed among the Santals as is known to occur in some of the aboriginal tribes of the Nilgiri Hills, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Western India. HbS was the only haemoglobin variant detected among them.
Continuing bone growth throughout life: A general phenomenon
Authors: Garn Stanley M. , Rohmann Christabel G. , Wagner Betty , Ascoli Werner 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCross‐sectional data on 2799 subjects from five different populations and longitudinal data on 113 older adults indicate continuing adult bone growth in the second metacarpal. Similar 6‐decade increases in the size of the cranium confirm continuing bone growth as a general phenomenon not necesarily related to weightbearing or flexion stress and representing an increase of approximately 10% in skeletal volume concomitant with the major age‐associated decrease in skeletal mass.
The split‐line phenomenon and the microscopic structure of bone
Authors: Ruangwit Utai 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis investigation was undertaken to study the relation of split‐lines to the microscopic structure of cortical bone by means of microradiography and conventional histologic staining techniques.The results indicate that the feature of bone structure that determines the production and orientation of split‐lines is the disposition of collagenous fibers, whether the bone organization is Haversian (osteone‐containing) or not.Differences of opinion in the literature concerning the “causation” of split‐lines appear to stem from a failure to distinguish between the morphologic and functional aspects of the problem.
Metacarpo‐phalangeal and ring creases in twins
Authors: Okajima M. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractMetacarpo‐phalangeal creases including the ring crease were studied on the middle finger of Japanese twins. The mean of differences and the correlation coefficient of the ring crease index as well as fine morphological features showed that the similarity between twins is greater in monozygotic twins than in dizygotic ones. The intrapair similarity in monozygotic twins is almost the same as that between right and left hands of an individual. For the diagnosis of zygosity this trait will be available.
Experimental cold modification of cranio‐facial morphology
Authors: Steegmann A. T. , Platner W. S. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA possible relationship between cranio‐facial form and growth under cold stress was investigated through a control group (N=17)—experimental group (N=14) comparison. Two groups of young rats were exposed to 90 days of 22°C and 5°C temperatures respectively. Methods of analysis included measurement of overall bodily dimensions as well as detailed examination of the cleaned, dried skulls and femora.Statistical comparison of the cold and non‐cold grown rats showed a number of highly significant mean differences; particularly a narrower nose, rounder neurocranium, and shorter femur was seen in the cold stressed animals. Human anatomical homologs were briefly noted as were their possible genetic and ontogenetic causes.
Anatomical factors relative to the racial selectivity of femoral neck fracture
Authors: Walensky Norman Aaron , O'Brien Michael P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractA comparative racial study of 200 femora from 50 American White and 50 American Negro female skeletons was carried out to determine whether any anatomical differences in femoral from exist between these groups which might account for the racial selectivity of hip fracture, Significant racial differences were found in neck‐shaft angle, angle of inclination and oblique length. Negro females have longer femora, larger neck‐shaft angles and a smaller angle of inclination than have White females. These differences in femoral morphology may, in some measure, contribute to the greater incidence of hip fracture in female Whites.
Normal variability in the age and first onset of ossification of the triquetral
Authors: Johnston Francis E. , Whitehouse R. H. , Hertzog Keith P. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe age and order of ossification of the triquetral, among the bones of the hand and wrist, were determined from serial radiographs of 108 males and 103 females of the Oxford Child Health Survey. Although the median ages of ossification agreed reasonably well with the mean ages reported by other authors, the distributions suggested that the former is the more appropriate statistic. The distributions of order of ossification were distinctly bimodal for both sexes because of the tendency of the triquetral to appear along with the epiphyseal centers. The triquetral appeared before the lunate in 184 children, after it in eight, and could not be sequentially distinguished in 19. Excluding these 19, triquetral sequence variability in the remaining was achieved, in 190, through alteration of its appearance relative to the epiphyseal centers and, in the other two through an alteration of the lunate appearance. Measures of median or average order of appearance are of very little value for the triquetral.
Fetal hemoglobin in newborn baboons, Papio cynocephalus
Authors: Buettner‐Janusch John , Nute Peter E. , Buettner‐Janusch Vina 
Published: August 2005

AbstractHemoglobins from a newborn baboon, Papio cynocephalus, and from a 15‐day‐old baboon of the same species were examined for electrophoretic properties of polypeptide chains and were tested for alkali resistance. Hemoglobin of newborn P. cynocephalus appears to be analogous to human fetal hemoglobin. Hemoglobin of newborn P. cynocephalus is composed of α‐like and γ‐like chains and hemoglobin of adult P. cynocephalus is composed of α‐like and β‐like chains.
Description and classification of degenerative bone changes in the distal joint surfaces of the humerus
Authors: Ortner Donald J. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThis paper attempts to provide the descriptive and classificatory basis for a clearer understanding of degenerative changes on the humeral elbow. Two general problems are outlined. One in the study of the elbow as an indicator of stress in making comparisons between populations. Preliminary data on two series, Alaskan Eskimos and Peruvian Indians, indicate a much higher incidence among the Eskimos (18% as compared with 5% in the Peruvians). The second problem results from the unique morphology and function of the elbow. Mechanical stress on the humeral elbow is fairly evenly distributed over the entire surface of the trochlea in contrast with the capitulum where stresses are localized away from the edge in approximately the geometric center of the capitulum. Hypertrophic bone formation is much greater on the periphery of the trochlea where mechanical stress is frequent than on the edge of the capitulum where mechanical stress is infrequent. This observation supports the generalization that local stress is an important factor stimulating the formation of hypertrophic bone.
The functional anatomy of the lower limb of the howler monkey (Alouatta caraya)
Authors: Grand Theodore I. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe howler monkey possesses unique anatomical adaptations associated with its arboreal habit. The behavioral elements are described by locomotor pattern, substrate, timing and rhythm of movement. The most significant motor adaptations are correlated clearly and directly with musculoskeletal features of the lower limb. The orientation of the joints within the limb, the shape of the joint surfaces, their bony environments, and the important planes of muscular control are the foundations for the observable locomotor behaviors.
Hydrogen cyanide and phenylthiocarbamide sensitivity, mid‐phalangeal hair and color blindness in Yucatán, Mexico
Authors: Giles Eugene , Hansen Asael T. , McCullough John M. , Metzger Duane G. , Wolpoff Milford H. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractApproximately 1450 persons, 800 of them unrelated, of both sexes from age eigth upward from the town of Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico, formed an American Indian (Maya) sample with apparently little Caucasian admixture for four genetic tests: ability to taste PTC and smell HCN, presence of mid‐phalangeal hair, and color blindness. A modified PTC sorting test indicated a nontaster allele (t) frequency of 0.29 in Ticul, a relatively high result for American Indians but compatible with previously reported Mayan data. A color vision deficiency frequency of 3.6% was found in the total male sample, and a subsample of unrelated males had a rate of 2.8%. No color blind females were detected. The Ticuleños exhibited a high rate of midphalangeal hairlessness, characteristic of American Indians, with a notable sex differential: 75.9% for males, 87.1% for females. Previous studies of the inability to smell HCN, most of which suggest an X‐linked recessive inheritance with an allele frequency of about 0.2, are reviewed. The Yucatán material, with a nonsmeller prevalence around 50% and no significant difference between the sexes, contradicts the X‐linked recessive hypothesis on the basis of both population and family analyses. No simple Mendelian scheme appears to fit the Ticul HCN sensitivity test results.
Anomals and anopes among Beduin of Southern Sinai
Authors: Adam A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAnomaloscope tests on 212 Beduin of Sinai revealed one extreme protanomal, one simple deuteranomal, five protanopes and three deuteranopes. Thus mild defects in color vision are more rare than among Europeans, but severe colorblindness is just as frequent. It is difficult to fit these data to the hypothesis of relaxed selection.
Functional and phylogenetic significance of integrated growth and form in occluding monkey canine teeth (Alouatta caraya and Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Zingeser Maurice R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractCrown‐root lengths in paired apposing, functionally interacting monkey canine teeth (Alouatta caraya and Macaca mulatta) are highly correlated throughout their concurrent development. Regression is rectilinear and growth pattern accretional. The differential growth rate is not significantly different in the sexes within each species during concurrent tooth pair development. These integrated morphological characteristics are adaptations to functional needs imposed by jaw anatomy and masticatory dynamics. Divergence from rectilinearity occurs in the mature male Macaca mulatta with the continued growth of the maxillary canine fang after cessation of growth of the apposing mandibular canine tooth. This altered tooth pair crown‐root length relationship is associated with the subordination of mastication in these predominantly piercing and slashing teeth. Species differences in regression are significant and afford insight into possible preadaptive factors determining divergent paths in the evolution of canine tooth sexual dimorphism.
P.T.C. thresholds, blood factors, colour vision and fingerprints of Jivaro Indians in Eastern Ecuador
Authors: Sunderland E. , Ryman R. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAmong the Jivaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador, very low non‐taster frequencies were found, a situation in accord with most of the other, through few sets of P. T. C. data available for South American Indians. The Jivaro have maximal frequencies (1.000) of the alleles I° and D, typical of most South American Indian groups. The colour blindness frequency of males (7.1%) is seemingly higher than North American Indian figures and is similar to European frequencies. Jivaro dermatoglyphic data are in broad general agreement with data available for Amerindian groups generally, and for many Asian mongoloids, with high pattern intensity indices for males and females, mainly the result of a very high whorl incidence. The digital distribution of the pattern types for the greater part accords with the generalisations of Cummins and Midlo ('61). There are marked sex differences in the data, females having a lower mean pattern intensity index, a higher value for Dankmeijer's Index and a lower value for Furuhata's Index. Unfortunately there are few other sets of South American Indian data available for comparative purposes.