bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a surface imprinting silica gel polymer for the resolution of tetrahydropalmatine enantiomers
Authors: Zhu Junfang , Li Bo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn L‐tetrahydropalmatine (L‐THP) imprinted silica gel polymer functionalized with aminated groups was prepared with surface imprinting technique by using L‐THP as template, grafted silica gel as support, methacrylic acid as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate as cross‐linker by solution polymerization. The optimum ratio of template, functional monomer, and cross‐linker were found to be 1:4:20 and the conditions of synthesis were 50°C for 18 h. The surface imprinting silica gel polymer of L‐THP was used as a sorbent for L‐THP adsorption and showed better adsorption capacity of L‐THP than that of non‐imprinted polymers. Then the surface imprinting silica gel polymer of L‐THP was filled into the cartridges as the adsorbents of solid‐phase extraction, and the mean recoveries of L‐THP and D‐tetrahydropalmatine were 70.1% and 17.1% with 2.8% and 3.0% of relative standard deviation, respectively.
Critical Feminist Pedagogy in English Language Education: An Action Research Project on the Implementation of Feminist Views in a German Secondary School
Authors: Granger Kimberly , Gerlach David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBased on an action research project, this paper provides innovative teaching approaches for ELT to ensure gender equality through critical pedagogy. The qualitative study focuses on the reconstruction of students' perceptions through the analysis of group/peer talk allowing for the display of changing viewpoints after having dealt with feminist issues in class. Given the still limited representation of multiple individuals not only in society but also in secondary ELT coursebooks, critical educational practices have been concerned with the transformation of exclusionary schooling practices for the purpose of ensuring a just and equal future. Critical language education has been known to promote students' autonomy and sense of responsibility when it comes to the abolition of oppression and marginalization. Likewise, feminist approaches have the goal of fostering feminist principles and ethics of gender equality. The study, conducted in a German secondary school, reveals that the majority of learners welcome an exploration of feminist matters in the ELT classroom, because they recognize the significant connection between language learning and the exploration of societal issues. The implementation of critical and feminist ethics helped students become aware of prevailing gender inequalities; and their willingness for societal transformation highlights a visible increase in learner autonomy.
“Passion Alone Is Not Sufficient”: What Do We Know About Young Farmers in Canada?
Authors: Nasielski Joshua , Srinivasan Sharada , Jansen Travis , Akram-Lodhi A. Haroon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn 2016, Canada’s 271,935 farm operators represented less than 0.8 per cent of the Canadian population (Statistics Canada 2017a). This reflects a loss of close to 120,000 farmers over the past 25 years as Canadian livelihoods continue to shift away from agriculture (about 1.4 per cent of the population farmed in 1991). Considering that less than 10 per cent of Canadian farmers are under the age of 35, it is hard to imagine these numbers rebounding anytime in the near future (Statistics Canada 2017a). Clearly, Canadian farming faces a generational challenge (Qualman et al. 2018). However, despite these generational challenges, there has been little research that focuses specifically on young farmers in Canada and their experiences in becoming “successful” farmers. Therefore, the purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the information available on Canadian young farmers. This overview references existing research from scholarly literature and government statistics. This is done to offer an understanding of the context within which Canada’s young farmers are embedded. A young person’s desire to farm is partly shaped by but also shapes their experiences in becoming and being a young farmer. This overview helps inform the discussion in the next two chapters that are based upon interviews with young farmers in our two case study provinces: Ontario and Manitoba.
Young Farmers’ Difficulties and Adaptations in Agriculture: A Case Study from a Mountainous Town in Sichuan Province, Southwest China
Authors: Liang Dong , Pan Lu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe unprecedented rural labour migration in China has resulted in the transformation of rural areas and the entire rural society. Migrant workers returning to their hometowns are a new force that is promoting social transformation and changing the urban-rural relationship in the context of integrated development. Since the early 2000s, the modernization of agriculture and the integration of urban and rural areas has meant significant advancements in China’s modernization. The government has introduced policies to enforce agricultural supply structural reforms and support rural areas and the agricultural sector. Therefore, returning farmers, especially those who are young, have become the “generation of the entrepreneurs” in the countryside. Having facilitated urban-rural integration, these young farmers are innovating agricultural production and management and utilizing diverse practices to realize agriculture’s integration with secondary and tertiary industries as the government has been advocating. Rural youth have been growing up as the backbone of rural revitalization and agricultural development. Thus, it is of far-reaching practical significance to identify young farmers’ difficulties in market integration and organizing their production and explore young farmers’ adaptations as they enter or return to farming.
Becoming/Being a Young Farmer in a Fast-Transitioning Region: The Case of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Vijayabaskar M. , Varadarajan Radha 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the pathways into farming among youth in select locales in the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India and what being in farming means for their lives and livelihoods. In doing so, we offer some interpretations about youth experiences of being a farmer, what they perceive as constraints in securing decent livelihoods, and the institutional context in which such processes and perceptions are embedded. We point out that regional political economy shapes the institutional context in which youth develop aspirations and dispensation towards farming. The extensive diversification into the non-farm and the diffusion of education in the farming communities in the state, we argue, have influenced how farming is located in relation to other occupations.
Epilogue: Or 16
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe book ends with an anecdote recounting an improbable event of ‘pre-ception’ and the ways that the human observers tried to deal with it. One will have to read it to believe it.The ensuing discussion synthesizes the book’s main argument by way of conclusion. For one last time, we deconstruct a simplex into its underlying frames to derive their interrelation. To deal with simplex society, the answer is straightforward. Forget the vector, escape the matrix, live the tensor.
Chapter One: Simpl(if)ication
Authors: Stroeken Koen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNothing is wrong with simplifying an event if (on the condition that) you and I know to be engaging in a simplification. Even this condition, the ‘if’, can be temporarily dropped to facilitate communication and technology. That is simplification. However, once the condition can no longer be retrieved, the simplication becomes a simplex. Globalization has exacerbated the tendency to simplicate for complexity-reduction.This chapter illustrates the process in various social domains that resulted in the proliferation of simplexes. The domains range from the spheres of politics, the streets and the classroom, to the informational binary of ICT hardware and software. A new context of depleted mediation and lost agency has arisen for stereotyping, scapegoating, racism and slimmed civil rights. The simplex, a unidimensional signal, addictively combines locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary forces. It conflates age-old premises to generate convenient convictions such as the one that technology liberates and that those with better technology duly paid for it. The chapter revisits Luhmann’s subsystems through Gluckman’s multiplex.
Standard Laplacians and Secular Polynomials
Authors: Kurasov Pavel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we start systematic studies of spectral properties of graph Laplacians—standard Laplace operators on metric graphs. Our main interest will be families of metric graphs having the same topological structure. Metric graphs from such a family correspond to the same discrete graph but the lengths of the edges may be different. Common spectral properties of such families (and hence of all metric graphs) are best described by certain multivariate low degree polynomials.
SMEFT restrictions on exclusive b → uℓν decays
Authors: Greljo Admir , Salko Jakub , Smolkovič Aleks , Stangl Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exclusive semileptonic b hadron decays (b → uℓν) serve as a sandbox for probing strong and electroweak interactions and for extracting the CKM element Vub. Instead, this work investigates their underexplored potential to reveal new short-distance physics. Utilizing SMEFT as a conduit to chart territory beyond the SM, we demonstrate that substantive new physics contributions in b → uℓν are necessarily linked to correlated effects in rare neutral-current b decays, neutral B meson mixing or high-mass Drell-Yan tails. We find that measurements of the latter processes strongly restrict the allowed deviations in the former. A complete set of tree-level mediators, originating from a perturbative ultraviolet model and matching at dimension 6, is thoroughly explored to support this assertion. As a showcase application, we examine the feasibility of a new physics interpretation of the recent tension in exclusive |Vub| extraction from B → Vℓν where V = (ρ, ω).
Photoproduction of P-wave doubly charmed baryon at future e+e− collider
Authors: Zhan Xi-Jie , Wu Xing-Gang , Zheng Xu-Chang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The photoproduction of P-wave doubly charmed baryon (Ξcc) is investigated in the context of future high-energy and high-luminosity e+e− colliders. The direct photoproduction via the sub-process $$ \gamma +\gamma \to {\Xi}_{cc}+\overline{c}+\overline{c} $$
γ
+
γ
→

Ξ
cc

+

c
¯

+

c
¯

and the resolved channel $$ \gamma +g\to {\Xi}_{cc}+\overline{c}+\overline{c} $$
γ
+
g
→

Ξ
cc

+

c
¯

+

c
¯

are considered. Within the framework of non-relativistic QCD, the calculation encompasses four P-wave (cc)-diquark configurations: $$ {(cc)}_{\overline{\textbf{3}}} $$

cc

3
¯

[1P1], (cc)6[3P0], (cc)6[3P1] and (cc)6[3P2]. The two S-wave states, $$ {(cc)}_{\overline{\textbf{3}}} $$

cc

3
¯

[3S1] and (cc)6[1S0], are also included for comparison. The cross sections, as well as the differential distributions involving transverse momentum, rapidity, and angular variables, have been computed. Numerical results reveal that the resolved photoproduction process plays a significant role and can provide dominant contributions. The photoproduction rate of the P-wave Ξcc is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the S-wave.
An observation on Feynman diagrams with axial anomalous subgraphs in dimensional regularization with an anticommuting γ5
Authors: Chen Long 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Through the calculation of the matrix element of the singlet axial-current operator between the vacuum and a pair of gluons in dimensional regularization with an anti-commuting γ5 defined in a Kreimer-scheme variant, we find that additional renormalization counter-terms proportional to the Chern-Simons current operator are needed starting from $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^2 $$

α
s
2

) in QCD. This is in contrast to the well-known purely multiplicative renormalization of the singlet axial-current operator defined with a non-anticommuting γ5. Consequently, without introducing compensation terms in the form of additional renormalization, the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly equation does not hold automatically in the bare form in this kind of schemes. We determine the corresponding (gauge-dependent) coefficient to $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_s^3 $$

α
s
3

) in QCD, using a variant of the original Kreimer prescription which is implemented in our computation in terms of the standard cyclic trace together with a constructively-defined γ5. Owing to the factorized form of these divergences, intimately related to the axial anomaly, we further performed a check, using concrete examples, that with γ5 treated in this way, the axial-current operator needs no more additional renormalization in dimensional regularization but only for non-anomalous amplitudes in a perturbatively renormalizable theory. To be complete, we provide a few additional ingredients needed for a proposed extension of the algorithmic procedure formulated in the above analysis to potential applications to a renormalizable anomaly-free chiral gauge theory, i.e. the electroweak theory.
Heat Flow in Polygons with Reflecting Edges
Authors: Farrington Sam , Gittins Katie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the heat flow in an open, bounded set D in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

with polygonal boundary $$\partial D$$

∂
D

. We suppose that D contains an open, bounded set $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

with polygonal boundary $$\partial \widetilde{D}$$

∂

D
~

. The initial condition is the indicator function of $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

and we impose a Neumann boundary condition on the edges of $$\partial D$$

∂
D

. We obtain an asymptotic formula for the heat content of $$\widetilde{D}$$

D
~

in D as time $$t\downarrow 0$$

t
↓
0

.
Higher incidence of patellar incongruence after under correction of pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Ruderman L. V. , Bayoumi T. , Burger J. A. , Zuiderbaan H. A. , Pearle A. D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to compare patellofemoral joint alignment of knees with restored pre‐arthritic coronal alignment versus knees with under‐ or overcorrection from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and evaluate the effect of patellofemoral joint alignment on patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 517 knees following robotic‐arm assisted medial UKA was conducted. Postoperative mechanical hip‐knee‐ankle angle (mHKA) was compared to estimated pre‐arthritic coronal alignment, using the arithmetic hip‐knee‐ankle angle (aHKA). Knees were considered restored to the pre‐arthritic coronal alignment if mHKA was within 2.0° of aHKA (Group 1). Non‐restored knees were subdivided into > 2.0° over correction (Group 2), or > 2.0° under correction (Group 3) from the pre‐arthritic coronal alignment. Patellar congruence and patellar tilt angles were compared between groups. The Kujala score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritic Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR) were analyzed by group. Continuous data was compared using analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare discrete variables. Logistic regressions were conducted to estimate the probability of postoperative patellofemoral malalignment.ResultsGroup 1 included 357 knees (69.1%), Group 2 included 57 knees (11.0%), and Group 3 included 57 knees (11.0%). The prevalence of postoperative abnormal patellar congruence (i.e. ≥ 17°) was higher in Group 3 at 40.4% (p = 0.009), with a higher odds ratio of having an abnormal patellar congruence angle (2.3, p = 0.01) compared to Group 1. The prevalence of postoperative abnormal patellar tilt (i.e. ≥ 14°) was comparable between groups (n.s.). At mean follow up of 4.4 ± 1.6 years, Kujala was worse in Group 3 (76.6 ± 17.4 compared to 84.0 ± 14.9 and 85.0 ± 14.4 in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; p = 0.006). Mean KOOS, JR outcomes were comparable among groups. No significantly inferior Kujala or KOOS, JR outcomes were observed in patients across all groups with abnormal patellar congruence or tilt angles.ConclusionKnees with under correction from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment following medial UKA were associated with a two‐fold higher probability of having postoperative patellofemoral incongruence, as well as inferior mid‐term Kujala scores compared to knees with restored pre‐arthritic coronal alignment and knees with overcorrection from their pre‐arthritic coronal alignment. Patellofemoral incongruence alone did not negatively impact functional outcome scores.Level of EvidenceIV, case series.
Comparative analysis of discoid lateral meniscus size: a distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases
Authors: Nishino Kazuya , Hashimoto Yusuke , Kinoshita Takuya , Iida Ken , Tsumoto Shuko , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the differences in meniscal sizes and occupancy between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients diagnosed with discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to understand how these variations relate to the presence of symptoms and the patients’ age.MethodsA retrospective review of 98 patients with DLM was conducted, excluding those with meniscal displacement. Both the width and extrusion of DLM and the percentage of the meniscus to the tibia were measured using mid‐coronal and mid‐sagittal MRI and compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic DLM groups. The relationships among each parameter, meniscal size, and patient age were evaluated. Symptomatic cases were divided into those with and without horizontal tears on MRI to compare the differences in meniscal morphology.ResultsA total of 92 knees from 74 patients were included. Sixty‐one knees required surgical intervention for symptomatic DLM, while 31 were asymptomatic and included the contralateral side of symptomatic knees. The symptomatic group exhibited larger morphological variations than the asymptomatic group. Moreover, the sagittal meniscal ratio reduced with age in the asymptomatic group (r = − 0.54, p = 0.002) but remained constant in the symptomatic group. The symptomatic cases with horizontal tears demonstrated larger meniscal dimensions and smaller posterior capsule distances than those without tears.ConclusionSymptomatic patients with DLM had larger knee morphological changes than asymptomatic ones. Age affected the meniscal occupancy in the sagittal plane only in asymptomatic patients.Level of evidenceIII.
Does the design of a soda tax matter? Evidence from school children in Europe
Authors: Gangl Selina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper compares the effects of two different health taxes on soda consumption and the body mass index (BMI) of school children in Europe. Hungary imposed a comprehensive tax on several unhealthy products in 2011. In contrast, France introduced a tax on sodas with sugar or artificial sweeteners, in 2012. To evaluate these taxation designs, I use a flexible semi-parametric difference-in-differences (DID) approach. The results suggest a counter-intuitive increase in soda consumption caused by the tax in Hungary. The effect of the soda tax on soda consumption in France is insignificant. The BMI is not affected by any tax.
Improving the quality of gluten-free plant-based meat analogs based on soy protein isolate with insoluble soy fibers and low acyl gellan gum
Authors: Taghian Dinani Somayeh , de Jong Stijn , Vardhanabhuti Bongkosh , van der Goot Atze Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study describes the effects of incorporating insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum as an alternative for wheat gluten in plant-based meat analogs made from soy protein isolate (SPI). The formulations containing insoluble soy fiber (ranging from 0 to 3%) and low acyl gellan gum (0–2%) were processed in a high-temperature shear cell (HTSC) and then analyzed in terms of macrostructure, microstructure, rheological properties, tensile strength, and water absorption capacity (WAC). Macrostructural analysis revealed that the control product containing SPI without insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum exhibited a dense and gel-like structure, devoid of visible fibers. The addition of 1, 2, and 3 wt.% of insoluble soy fiber increased the formation of visually elongated fibers in both macro- and microscopic levels in the shear direction, resulting in anisotropic plant-based meat analogs with improved tensile strength and elasticity. The use of 1 and 2 wt.% low acyl gellan gum led to the formation of short and thin filaments that were less oriented in the shear direction, resulting in decreased tensile strength. When combined with low acyl gellan gum, insoluble soy fiber failed to produce lengthy and elongated fibers, resulting in short and thin fibrils. These findings suggest that the interaction between insoluble soy fiber and low acyl gellan gum under the processing conditions may hinder fiber formation and mechanical anisotropy. Microscopic examination reveals smoother regions in products enriched with insoluble soy fiber and rougher surfaces in those containing low acyl gellan gum. Moreover, X-ray microtomography confirms that insoluble soy fiber enhanced air retention, contributing to enhanced structural integrity. In contrast, low acyl gellan gum introduces irregularly shaped air bubbles, compromising structural improvement. In summary, this study underscores the potential of insoluble soy fiber to enhance the structural and the textural properties of plant-based meat analogs. However, it also highlights the challenges posed by low acyl gellan gum, which, despite improving water retention, may hinder fiber formation and mechanical anisotropy. These findings offer insights for advancing the quality of plant-based meat products.
Persistent cognitive slowing in post-COVID patients: longitudinal study over 6 months
Authors: Martin Eva Maria , Srowig Annie , Utech Isabelle , Schrenk Simon , Kattlun Fabian , Radscheidt Monique , Brodoehl Stefan , Bublak Peter , Schwab Matthias , Geis Christian , Besteher Bianca , Reuken Philipp A. , Stallmach Andreas , Finke Kathrin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Fatigue is a frequent and one of the most debilitating symptoms in post-COVID syndrome (PCS). Recently, we proposed that fatigue is caused by hypoactivity of the brain’s arousal network and reflected by a reduction of cognitive processing speed. However, it is unclear whether cognitive slowing is revealed by standard neuropsychological tests, represents a selective deficit, and how it develops over time.

Objectives
This prospective study assesses whether PCS patients show deficits particularly in tests relying on processing speed and provides the first longitudinal assessment focusing on processing speed in PCS patients.

Methods
Eighty-eight PCS patients with cognitive complaints and 50 matched healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment. Seventy-seven patients were subsequently assessed at 6-month follow-up. The Test for Attentional Performance measured tonic alertness as primary study outcome and additional attentional functions. The Neuropsychological Assessment Battery evaluated all key cognitive domains.

Results
Patients showed cognitive slowing indicated by longer reaction times compared to control participants (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) in a simple-response tonic alertness task and in all more complex tasks requiring speeded performance. Reduced alertness correlated with higher fatigue (r =  − 0.408, p < 0.001). Alertness dysfunction remained unchanged at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.240) and the same was true for most attention tasks and cognitive domains.

Conclusion
Hypoarousal is a core deficit in PCS which becomes evident as a selective decrease of processing speed observed in standard neuropsychological tests. This core deficit persists without any signs of amelioration over a 6-month period of time.