bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value and relapse pattern of HER2‐low in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Wei Tong , Kang Yikun , Wang Xue , Yue Jian , Xu Binghe , Yuan Peng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundA new concept of HER2‐low has emerged in recent years. However, the prognostic value and the relapse pattern of HER2‐low is unclear.MethodsOur study included patients diagnosed with HER2‐negative/hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer to explore the differences in survival outcomes between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group. More importantly, we explored different recurrence patterns, including the comparison of metastatic sites and recurrence time curve between the two groups.ResultsA total of 797 patients with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer were analyzed. Similar disease‐free survival (DFS) was observed between the HER2‐low group and HER2‐zero group (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.61–1.16, p = 0.290). There was also no significant difference in OS between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group (HR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.46–1.28, p = 0.310). When IHC 1+ and 0 were taken as a group, the IHC 2+ group had significantly better DFS than the IHC 1+ and 0 group in some subgroups. The risk of bone metastasis in patients with HER2 IHC 1+ and 0 was significantly higher than that of patients with HER2 IHC 2+ (12.7% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Compared with the HER2‐zero group, we found that the HER2‐low group had a more obvious peak in mortality at the time of postoperative 80th–100th month.ConclusionsNo significant difference in DFS and OS between the HER2‐low group and the HER2‐zero group was observed. Patients with HER2 IHC 1+ and 0 tend to develop bone metastasis. The HER2‐low group had a more obvious second peak in mortality.
The maternal microbiome in pregnancy, delivery, and early‐stage development of neonatal microbiome after cesarean section: A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Foessleitner Philipp , Pjevac Petra , Granser Sonja , Wisgrill Lukas , Pummer Lisa , Eckel Fanny , Seki David , Berry David , Hausmann Bela , Farr Alex 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionChanges within the maternal microbiome during the last trimester of pregnancy and the determinants of the subsequent neonatal microbiome establishment after delivery by elective cesarean section are described.Material and methodsMaternal vaginal and rectal microbiome samples were collected in the last trimester and before cesarean section; intrauterine cavity, placenta, neonatal buccal mucosa, skin, and meconium samples were obtained at birth; neonatal sample collection was repeated 2–3 days postnatally. Microbial community composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Relative abundance measurements of amplicon sequencing variants and sum counts at higher taxonomic levels were compared to test for significant overlap or differences in microbial community compositions. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04489056.ResultsA total of 30 mothers and their neonates were included with available microbiome samples for all maternal, intrauterine cavity and placenta samples, as well as for 18 of 30 neonates. The composition of maternal vaginal and rectal microbiomes during the last trimester of healthy pregnancies did not significantly change (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [PERMANOVA], p > 0.05). No robust microbial signature was detected in the intrauterine cavity, placenta, neonatal buccal mucosa, skin swabs, or meconium samples collected at birth. After birth, the neonatal microbiome was rapidly established, and significantly different microbial communities were detectable 2–3 days postnatally in neonate buccal mucosa and stool samples (PERMANOVA, p < 0.01).ConclusionsMaternal vaginal and rectal microbiomes in healthy pregnancies remain stable during the third trimester. No microbial colonization of the neonate was observed before birth in healthy pregnancies. Neonatal microbiomes in infants delivered by cesarean section displayed a taxonomic composition distinct from maternal vaginal and rectal microbiomes at birth, indicating that postnatal exposure to the extrauterine environment is the driving source of initial neonatal microbiome development in this cohort.
The dynamics of cytokine release during 24 hours continuous normothermic machine perfusion liver preservation: An explorative porcine study
Authors: Gilbo Nicholas , Blondeel Joris , Wylin Tine , Heedfeld Veerle , Jochmans Ina , Pirenne Jacques , Korf Hannelie , Monbaliu Diethard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNormothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has been proposed to preserve liver grafts in a less pro‐inflammatory environment. However, the effect of NMP on liver inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed at characterizing the inflammatory response during continuous NMP with a comprehensive investigation of cytokine release during perfusion.MethodsTen porcine livers underwent either 24 h NMP or whole blood‐based NMP (WB‐NMP) immediately after procurement. WB‐NMP was used as a positive control to mimic early post‐reperfusion inflammation. High mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1), interleukin 1‐beta (IL‐1beta), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), 8 (IL‐8), and 10 (IL‐10), transforming growth factor‐beta (TGFbeta), aspartate transferase (AST), and hyaluronic acid were measured in the perfusate. The area under the curve (AUC) of their perfusate concentration was compared between groups. Median (IQR) is given.ResultsThe AUC of HMGB1 and IL‐1beta was similar between groups. Compared to WB‐NMP, NMP inhibited the release of TNFalpha [NMP: 20275 (18402–32 152), WB‐NMP: 242100 (203511–244 238); p = 0.01], IL‐6 [NMP: 1206 (338.9–1686), WB‐NMP: 8444 (7359–10 087); p = 0.03], and IL‐8 [NMP: 1635 (106.90–2130), WB‐NMP: 3951 (3090–4116); p = 0.008]. The release of TGFbeta remained unchanged but IL‐10 release was lower in NMP [1612 (1313–1916), WB‐NMP: 5591 (4312–6421); p = 0.01]. The ratios TGFbeta:TNFalpha and IL‐10:TNFalpha were significantly higher in the NMP than in the WB‐NMP group. Importantly, the AUC of AST was significantly lower during NMP [1960 (1950–2893)] than WB‐NMP [6812 (6370–7916); p = 0.02].ConclusionsContinuous NMP leads to the release of detectable levels of cytokines with a slow, linear increase over time and a shift toward anti‐inflammatory signaling.
Decolonizing the midwifery curriculum: Jettisoning the Caldwell–Moloy pelvic types
Authors: Niemczyk Nancy A. , Sokunbi Adeyinka , Reale Barbara 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs faculty in two different midwifery education programs, we have stopped teaching the Caldwell–Moloy classifications of the female pelvis, as have faculty in several other US midwifery programs. In this commentary, we explain the rationale for this change. We review the roots of the Caldwell–Moloy pelvic classification and the lack of contemporary scientific support for either classifying pelvic types or using such a classification for clinical decision‐making, and propose an alternative approach to teaching assessment of the bony pelvis.
Explaining varieties of social solidarity in supply chains: Actors, institutions and market risks distribution in outsourced public services
Authors: Mori Anna 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn the basis of a comparative analysis of market risks (re)distribution between labour and management in public‐service outsourcing in Italy and Denmark, this article examines different cross‐national patterns of social solidarity in similar encompassing and co‐operative employment relations regimes. It seeks to explain why similar inclusive and collaborative systems of public‐sector employment relations are not functionally equivalent in preventing labour inequalities under market‐making pressure, as predicted by the extant literature. The analysis demonstrates that variation between the countries considered was due to three interrelated factors which mutually reinforced each other in either virtuous (Denmark) or (semi)vicious (Italy) circles: (i) the availability of legislative loopholes; (ii) the cross‐sectoral (public/private) organizational structure and strategy of trade unions and (iii) employers’ outward/inward orientation. The findings confirm the capacity of cross‐sectoral public/private dynamics to either build or erode solidarity in inclusive systems, and they highlight the importance of incorporating the strategic agency exerted by unions and public employers as a crucial determinant of the granular differences emerging between similar models.
Apolipoprotein‐E genotyping in formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded post‐mortem brain tissue
Authors: Minshull James , Davidson Yvonne , Roncaroli Federico , Robinson Andrew C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFormalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) brain tissue held in tissue banks constitutes a valuable research resource, especially when associated with clinical annotations and longitudinal psychometric testing. Apolipoprotein‐E (APOE) genotyping is important to fully characterise this resource, however older FFPE tissue may not be suitable for genotyping. We performed polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) assays on DNA extracted from post‐mortem FFPE brain tissue ranging from 2‐19 years old. A maximum of three years in paraffin was determined for robust APOE genotyping of FFPE tissue using PCR‐RFLP which may suggest prolonged storage of fixed tissue as FFPE blocks may have deleterious effects on DNA.
Sustained pacifier use is associated with smaller vocabulary sizes at 1 and 2 years of age: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Muñoz Luis E. , Kartushina Natalia , Mayor Julien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPacifier use during childhood has been hypothesized to interfere with language processing, but, to date, there is limited evidence revealing detrimental effects of prolonged pacifier use on infant vocabulary learning. In the present study, parents of 12‐ and 24‐month‐old infants were recruited in Oslo (Norway). The sample included 1187 monolingual full‐term born (without visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments) infants: 452 (230 girls; 222 boys) 12‐month‐olds and 735 (345 girls; 390 boys) 24‐month‐olds. Parents filled out an online Norwegian Communicative Development Inventory (CDI), which assesses the vocabulary in comprehension and production for 12‐month‐old infants and in production only for 24‐month‐old infants. CDI scores were transformed into age‐ and sex‐adjusted percentiles using Norwegian norms. Additionally, parents retrospectively reported their child's daytime pacifier use, in hours, at 2‐month intervals, from birth to the assessment date. Maternal education was used to control, in the analyses, for the socio‐economic status. We found that greater pacifier use in an infant's lifespan was associated with lower vocabulary size. Pacifier use later in life was more negatively associated with vocabulary size than precocious use, and increased the odds of being a low language scorer. In sum, our study moves beyond the findings of momentary effects of experimentally induced “impairment” in articulators’ movement on speech perception and suggests that, from 12 months of age, constraints on the infant's speech articulators (pacifier use) may be negatively associated with word comprehension and production.Research Highlight
We examined the relationship between pacifier use and vocabulary sizes in production at 24 months of age and comprehension and production at 12 months of age.
Lifespan Pacifier Use (LPU) was negatively correlated with vocabulary sizes in comprehension and production among 12‐month‐old infants and negatively correlated with production for 24‐month‐olds.
Later pacifier use was found to be more negatively correlated with vocabulary size in infants, as compared to more precocious use.
The amount of pacifier use in the 2 months prior to a child's second birthday was predictive of a higher prevalence of low vocabulary scores in 24‐month‐olds.
Is it double chambered left ventricle? Unveiling the mirage using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Nalawade Digvijay D. , Wadhokar Partik S. , Jadhav Ajitkumar , Chaudhary Prakash , Khan Anishkumar , Malani Susheel Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDouble chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is an uncommon congenital heart condition typically identified incidentally, with the majority of patients showing no symptoms and experiencing a benign course. It is crucial to differentiate DCLV from other abnormalities like diverticulum or aneurysm, which can have significant clinical implications. Due to the limited available data, our understanding of the natural progression, prognosis, complications, and treatment options for this rare condition is poorly defined. A review of the medical literature reveals the use of various overlapping terms when describing DCLV. In our case report, we present the evaluation of a young male who sought medical attention for palpitations. Initially, DCLV was diagnosed through 2D echocardiography. However, subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) did not confirm the presence of two distinct chambers but instead revealed an anomalous apical basal muscle bundle (ABMB) and atypical left ventricular (LV) trabecularization that resembled DCLV.
Skin grafting with the modified Meek technique in the standing horse using full thickness skin: Evaluation of acceptance, wound contraction and wound closure in chronic wounds
Authors: Wilmink Jacintha M. , van Weeren P. René 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe modified Meek technique is not commonly used in equine wound management, despite the consistent reliable and superior results compared with other grafting techniques. Major drawbacks are the need for specialised, expensive equipment and general anaesthesia.ObjectivesTo describe adjustments of the modified Meek technique enabling use in the standing horse without the need for the full equipment. This implied the use of full‐thickness skin grafts manually harvested from the pectoral area and manually cut into micrografts. Graft acceptance; healing progress; and final functional and cosmetic result were outcome parameters.Study designDescriptive case series.MethodsEight horses with traumatic wounds at the dorsal side of the carpus or tarsus, healing by second intention, were treated. Original wound areas and areas of graft acceptance and rejection were determined from post‐processing of digital photographs and percentage acceptance, wound contraction and epithelialisation were calculated.ResultsThe initial mean wound area was 55.4 cm2. Graft acceptance was 95.3 ± 2.5%. Wound closure was due to 46.0 ± 25.6% wound contraction and 54.0 ± 25.6% epithelialisation and resulted in 96.8 ± 1.9% reduction of the initial wound area 28.0 ± 8.5 days after grafting. The scar was flat, flexible and functional, usually with thin and regular hair growth. The adapted procedure was fast and efficient, with a learning curve for the increased manual work.Main limitationsSmall study population.ConclusionsThis adapted modified Meek technique can successfully be performed in the standing horse and obviates the need for the full expensive equipment and general anaesthesia. The acceptance of the full‐thickness grafts is excellent resulting in fast and satisfactory healing.
Fine‐scale bee species distribution models: Hotspots of richness and endemism in South Africa with species‐area comparisons
Authors: Melin Annalie , Beale Colin M. , Manning John C. , Colville Jonathan F. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
While global patterns of bee diversity have been modelled, our understanding of fine‐scale regional patterns is more limited, particularly for under‐sampled regions such as Africa. South Africa is among the exceptions on the African continent; its bee fauna (ca. 1253 species) has been well collected and documented, including mass digitising of its natural history collections. It is a region with high floral diversity, high habitat heterogeneity and variable rainfall seasonality.
Here, we combine a South African bee species distributional database (877 bee species) with a geospatial modelling approach to determine fine‐scale (~11 × 11 km grid cell resolution) hotspots of bee species richness, endemism and range‐restricted species.
Our analyses, based on the probabilities of occurrence surfaces for each species across 108,803 two‐minute grid cells, reveal three bee hotspots of richness: Winter rainfall, Aseasonal rainfall and Early‐to‐late summer rainfall. These hotspots contain large numbers of endemic and geographically restricted taxa. Hotspots with particularly high bee diversity include the Fynbos, Succulent Karoo and Desert biomes; the latter showing 6–20 times more species per unit area than other biomes. Our results conform with global species‐area patterns: areas of higher‐than‐expected bee density are largely concentrated in Mediterranean and arid habitats.
This study further enhances our knowledge in identifying regional and global hotspots of richness and endemism for a keystone group of insects and enabling these to be accounted for when setting conservation priorities.
Deep skin homogeneity and light diffusion: An accelerated Monte Carlo model for in vivo skin characterization and consumer perception
Authors: Puccetti G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe appearance of healthy and youthful skin is related to many factors of the skin optical properties as perceived by our visual sense. The optics of light travelling through human tissues has been extensively investigated in the field of biomedical applications, including the experimental characterization and modelling of skin optics and the propagation of light such as lasers through the layers. This work presents an innovative approach to probe deep skin by means of spectrally and spatially resolved light diffusion in the different layers of skin. Dual hyperspectral measurements of the panellist's skin are performed in vivo on subjects to obtain reflectance and light diffusion spectra. Both are simultaneously fitted by a GPU‐accelerated Monte Carlo model to obtain skin optical parameters as a function of depth. The results show a clear correlation between deep skin light diffusion at wavelengths above 590 nm and the subject age, which indicates a progressive degradation of skin homogeneity with age. The effect of this orange–red light diffusion background is to alter the colour tone of the skin. A skincare product is used to show that the warmer skin colour tone is clearly perceivable to consumers when evaluating facial images with and without the product. The product effect also correlates well with hyperspectral measurements. Lastly, this innovative approach demonstrates a first step in real‐time skin characterization for consumers and opens the door to customized cosmetic solutions for individual needs.
Properties and microstructures of porous corundum‐spinel aggregates fabricated via the Kirkendall effect
Authors: He Yang , Mi Zhuo , Chen Qingjie , Peng Die , Zhang Shilong , Li Nan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFour porous corundum‐spinel aggregates were prepared from magnesia and α‐Al2O3 micropowder via the Kirkendall effect. Effects of the particle size of magnesia (PSM, 0–74 μm, 0–15 μm, and 0–44 μm) and firing temperature (1100–1600°C) on the phase compositions, microstructures, pore characteristics of the prepared porous aggregates were investigated. As the firing temperature increased, the PSM influenced the reaction rate of magnesia and alumina, and the sintering process, leading to remarkable changes in the phase compositions, porosity, and microstructure with a negligible impact on the pore size distribution. As the PSM decreased from 0–74 μm to 0–15 μm, the apparent porosity initially increased and then decreased. Relatively compact cyclic spinels formed around the Kirkendall pores in aggregates with 0–74 μm and 0–44 μm magnesia added after fired at 1600°C, as the expansion of spinel formation was inhibited by the high strength of the alumina matrix. Finally, the optimized product is an aggregate with 0–44 μm magnesia added, which exhibits a high total porosity of 32.4%, a low bulk density of 2.69 g/cm3, and a thermal conductivity of 2.178 W/(m·K) at 1000°C, as well as a high compressive strength of 302.5 MPa and a small median pore size of .46 μm. This work provides a promising technique for preparing porous‐corundum‐based aggregates.
The correlation between systemic inflammatory markers and efficiency for advanced gastric cancer patients treated with ICIs combined with chemotherapy
Authors: Dong Qiuxia , Zhao Fuxing , Li Yuying , Song Feixue , Li Enxi , Gao Lihong , Xin Yuanfang , Shen Guoshuang , Ren Dengfeng , Wang Miaozhou , Zhao Yi , Liu Zhen , Xie Qiqi , Liu Zhilin , Li Zitao , Zhao Jiuda 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCurrently lacking research to explore the correlation between inflammatory markers and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. This study is a retrospective study and included patients with advanced gastric cancer who receiving ICIs combined with chemotherapy from January 2020 to December 2022. We analysed the relationship between systemic inflammatory markers and the efficacy of ICIs combined chemotherapy and constructed a clinical prediction model. A nomogram was constructed based on the results of the bidirectional stepwise regression model. A total of 197 patients were enrolled in the training group, with a median follow‐up period of time 26 months. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that the median OS of patients with low systemic immune‐inflammatory index (SII) and low platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was superior to those with high SII and PLR. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that SII, NLR, PLR, and N stage as independent prognostic factors for OS. Adding SII to the conventional model improved the predictive ability of the 12‐month OS. A total of 95 patients were included in the validation group, and external validation of the SII‐based nomogram showed favourable predictive performance. Baseline SII, PLR, and N stage may serve as independent predictive factors for survival outcomes in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing ICIs combined with chemotherapy. The SII‐based nomogram can provide intuitive and accurate prognosis prediction of individual patients.
Layered ZrO2/SiO2 aerogel composite fibrous flexibility membrane for thermal insulation and sound absorption
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Ding Yang , Chen Zhaofeng , Wu Qiong , Liu Lihao , Liu Tianlong , Li Manna , Xu Kai , Le Lu , Yang Lixia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs promising candidates for widespread application, advanced ceramic fiber mats with robust mechanical properties are urgently needed. However, the brittleness, fatigue failure, and large density of ceramic fiber pose significant obstacles to its practical application. Herein, a novel SiO2 aerogel/ZrO2 composite nanofibrous membrane (SZCNFM) with excellent flexibility was prepared by introducing SiO2 aerogel nanoparticles into ZrO2 nanofiber via simple co‐electrospinning. The developed tetragonal zirconia phase without changing up to 1200°C endows SZCNFM material with excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, the as‐prepared membranes exhibit fatigue resistance ability which can maintain 98% of the original stress after 100 buckling cycle tests. The addition of mesoporous structure aerogel reduces the heat transfer of the nanofibrous membrane, giving its low thermal conductivity (30 mW/m/K) and low‐frequency sound absorption (noise reduction coefficient of 0.52). Combined with the high‐temperature resistance, low thermal conductivity and excellent sound‐absorption ability make it a promising material for heat insulation and acoustic absorption.