bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chiral Configurations of Spirane‐Bridged Cyclotriphosphazenes
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Davies David B. , Eaton Robert J. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Kılıç Adem , Shaw Robert A. , Uslu Aylin 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe stereogenic properties of carbocyclic spiranes with two interlocking rings are well‐established. Although some cyclophosphazene analogues of dispiranes have been reported, the molecules did not have any centres of chirality because they were symmetrically substituted. Linear tetraspiranes, in which the two inner rings are carbocyclic and symmetrical and the two outer rings are unsymmetrically‐substituted cyclotriphosphazenes, are expected to give rise to chiral molecules. We now report on the synthesis and stereogenic properties of the three structural types of pentaerythritol‐bridged disubstituted cyclophosphazenes, which all have centres of chirality. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Proteomic analysis of differential protein expression in a human hepatoma revertant cell line by using an improved two‐dimensional electrophoresis procedure combined with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Quan , An Jie , Liu Ding‐gan , Sun Li , Ge Ying‐zi , Huang Ying‐ling , Xu Gen‐jun , Zhao Fu‐kun 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe proteomic profiles of a human hepatoma revertant, CL1, and its original cell line, SMMC7721, were compared by using an improved two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) procedure, with multi‐IPGstrips gels (length ≤ 13 cm) run simultaneously on one sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel (shortened MSOG method). Nineteen proteins, showing significant difference in expression (P < 0.01), were selected and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and database search. In the revertant CL1 cells, compared to human hepatoma SMMC7721 cells, upregulated expression levels of some proteins related to tumor suppression, like maspin, were found, whereas some proteins related to tumor growth, like cathepsin D, were downregulated. These facts suggest that the phenotypic reversion of the CL1 cells was at least partially due to changes at the translational level of the proteins which favored the reconstruction of the normal phenotype of the cell.
Comprehensive proteome analysis by chromatographic protein prefractionation
Authors: Lescuyer Pierre , Hochstrasser Denis F. , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: April 2004

AbstractProtein copy number is distributed from 7 to 8 orders of magnitude in cells and probably up to 12 orders of magnitude in plasma. Classical silver‐stained two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) can only display up to four orders of magnitude. This is a major drawback since it is assumed that most of the regulatory proteins are low‐abundance gene products. It is thus clear that the separation of low copy number proteins in amounts sufficient for postseparation analysis is an important issue in proteome studies to complete the comprehensive description of the proteome of any given cell type. The visualization of a polypeptide on a 2‐DE gel will depend on the copy number, on the quantity loaded onto the gel and on the method of detection. As the amount of protein that can be loaded onto a gel is limited, one efficient solution is to fractionate the sample prior to 2‐DE analysis. Several approaches exist including subcellular fractionation, affinity purification and chromatographic and electrophoretic protein prefractionation. The chromatographic step adds a new dimension in the protein separation using specific protein properties. It allows proteins to be adsorbed to a surface and eluted differentially under certain conditions. This review article presents studies combining chromatography‐based methods to 2‐DE analysis and draws general conclusions on this strategy.
Determination of creatinine in human serum by short‐end injection capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Carru Ciriaco , Usai Maria F. , Sotgia Salvatore , Deiana Luca 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new ultra‐rapid free‐solution capillary zone electrophoresis method to measure serum creatinine is presented. Procedural parameters such as injection mode, concentration and pH of phosphate running buffer and acidic deproteinization of serum samples were investigated. Short‐end injection permits a decrease of the analysis time by injecting samples at the outlet end of a silica capillary closest to the detection window, so reducing the migration distance. Thus, when a capillary with an effective length of 10.2 cm and a 40 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 2.35 was used, the obtained migration time of the creatinine peak was the shortest never described before, about 1.1 min. These conditions give a good reproducibility of the migration times (coefficient of variation, CV% < 0.5) and the peak areas (CV% < 2.8). Intra‐ and interassay CV were 3.06 and 6.26%, respectively, and analytical recovery was 99.4%. We compared our proposed method to Jaffé colorimetric assay, by measuring serum creatinine in 128 normal subjects. The obtained data were analyzed by the Passing and Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman test. Creatinine concentration in healthy subjects was also used to investigate on its relationships with plasma thiols levels.
Chiral capillary electrophoretic resolution of baclofen, gabaergic ligand, using highly sulfated cyclodextrins
Authors: Vaccher Marie‐Pierre , Lipka Emmanuelle , Bonte Jean‐Paul , Vaccher Claude 
Published: April 2004

AbstractUsing cyclodextrin‐capillary zone electrophoresis (CD‐CZE), baseline separation of baclofen, a potent GABAB agonist; was achieved. A method for the enantioresolution of this γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and determination of enantiomeric purity was developed using CDs (highly sulfated‐CD or highly S‐CD) as chiral selectors and capillaries dynamically coated with polyethylene oxide (PEO). Operational parameters, such as the nature and concentration of the chiral selectors, buffer concentration, organic modifiers, and applied voltage, were investigated. The use of charged CDs provides a driving force in the opposite direction of the positively charged baclofen in the running buffer and enantiomeric resolution by inclusion of compounds in the CD cavity. Highly S‐β‐CD was found to be the most effective complexing agent, allowing good enantiomeric resolution. The complete resolution was obtained using 25 mM phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, containing 3% w/v highly S‐β‐CD at 25°C with aN applied field of 0.40 kV/cm. The apparent association constants of the inclusion complexes were calculated. This optimized method was validated in terms of repeatability and limits of detection (0.13 μg·mL−1) and quantification. The migration order was determined.
Discontinuous buffer systems operative at pH 2.5 – 11.0, 0°C and 25°C, available on the Internet
Authors: Wheeler David , Chrambach Andreas , Ashburn Patricia , Jovin Thomas M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis communication is an announcement of the availability on the Internet of a computer output of discontinuous buffer systems operative at pH 2.5–11.0, 0°C and 25°C, generated by the theory and program of T. M. Jovin. The output and instructions for its use can be accessed under http://www.buffers.nichd.nih.gov.
Determination of different forms of human interferon‐γ in single natural killer cells by capillary electrophoresis with on‐capillary immunoreaction and laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Zhang Hua , Jin Wenrui 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA novel method for determining different forms of human interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) in single natural killer cells was developed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with on‐capillary immunoreaction and laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. Cells were perforated with digitonin and one single cell was electrokinatically introduced into the front end of a separation capillary. The monoclonal antibody labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate of IFN‐γ was hydrodynamically injected into the front end of the capillary around the cell introduced. After the cell was lysed by ultrasonication, the front end of the capillary was used as a microreactor to allow different forms of IFN‐γ to process the immunoreaction with their labeled antibody. Finally, the complexes of different forms of IFN‐γ with their labeled antibody were separated and detected by CE with LIF detection with a limit of detection of zeptomoles (10−21 mol).
Capillary electrophoresis using immobilized whole cells with overexpressed endothelin receptor for specific ligand screening
Authors: Yu Hui‐Ming , Tseng Min‐Jen , Fang Jim‐Min , Phutrakul Suree , Chen Shui‐Tein 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new capillary electrophoresis method using immobilized cells as the stationary phase has been developed. The power of this method is demonstrated by the separation and identification of endothelin antagonists on a capillary column coated by the transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with overexpressing endothelin receptors. The screening results are validated by functional assays suppressing the increase of intracellular calcium concentration induced by endothelin‐1. Instead of making efforts in isolating protein receptors, the easily prepared whole‐cell capillary column provides a superior tool on the basis of ligand/receptor affinity for a rapid screening of potent drug candidates from compound libraries.
Capillary zone electrophoresis of metal‐binding proteins in formic acid with UV‐ and mass spectrometric detection using cationic transient capillary isotachophoresis for preconcentration
Authors: Stutz Hanno , Bordin Guy , Rodriguez Adela Rosa 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method with preceding cationic transient capillary isotachophoresis (tCITP‐CZE) was developed for uncoated fused‐silica capillaries to analyze metal‐binding proteins (MBPs) of clinical relevance. UV detection was followed by mass spectrometry (MS). Optimization was done with model proteins of properties similar to relevant human MBPs. Using 1.0 mol·L−1 formic acid (pH 1.78) as electrolyte resulted in up to 165 000 plates m−1 in CZE and 230 000 plates m−1 in combination with tCITP and analysis time was less than 5 min in uncoupled mode. Cationic tCITP with 125 mmol·L−1 ammonium formate, buffered to pH 4.00, as leading electrolyte improved sample loadability considerably in comparison with sample stacking without impairing resolution. Following systematic optimization of the electrospray ionization process (ESI) the coupled system ((tCITP)‐CZE‐UV‐ESI‐MS) was tested with protein model mixtures and human MBPs. Repeatability of migration times was < 0.64% in pure CZE mode and in tCITP‐CZE mode and < 0.83% in CZE‐ESI‐MS coupled mode. Mass accuracy was < 0.015%. Limits of detection were found to be in the range 50–160 fmol.
Hybrid seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges
Authors: Jung H.‐J. , Park K.‐S. , Spencer B. F. , Lee I.‐W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper proposes a hybrid control strategy combining passive and semi‐active control systems for seismic protection of cable‐stayed bridges. The efficacy of this control strategy is verified by examining the ASCE first‐generation benchmark problem for a seismically excited cable‐stayed bridge, which employs a three‐dimensional linearized evaluation bridge model as a testbed structure. Herein, conventional lead–rubber bearings are introduced as base isolation devices, and semi‐active dampers (e.g., variable orifice damper, controllable fluid damper, etc.) are considered as supplemental damping devices. For the semi‐active dampers, a clipped‐optimal control algorithm, shown to perform well in previous studies involving controllable dampers, is considered. Because the semi‐active damper is a controllable energy‐dissipation device that cannot add mechanical energy to the structural system, the proposed hybrid control strategy is fail‐safe in that the bounded‐input, bounded‐output stability of the controlled structure is guaranteed. Numerical simulation results show that the performance of the proposed hybrid control strategy is quite effective in protecting seismically excited cable‐stayed bridges. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing Cold War historic structures: Mitigating impacts to a satellite‐tracking antenna at New Boston Air Force Station, New Hampshire
Authors: O'Rourke Daniel J. , Najjar Stephen J. , Elliott Joseph E. B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIt is the responsibility of all federal facilities to be the caretakers of any historic properties under their jurisdiction. When a significant historic structure will be adversely affected by a federal project, that impact must be mitigated. Such mitigation is generally achieved through documentation of the structure so that a written and visual record of the existing structure is saved for posterity. Argonne National Laboratory personnel recently documented a historically significant Cold War‐era satellite‐tracking antenna for the New Boston Air Force Station in New Hampshire. This antenna was slated for demolition. The procedure followed for identification of the property, the planning of the demolition, and the development of the documentation provides an example of how management of historic properties can be addressed without interfering with the mission activities. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life‐cycle cost in a highly uncertain economic environment: The case of managing the U.S. Department of Energy's nuclear waste legacy
Authors: Greenberg Michael , Mayer Henry , Lewis David 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) faces an unusually difficult challenge in estimating life‐cycle costs at former weapons sites because of the uncertainties of technology, stewardship, future land use, laws and regulations, and value and availability of money. Further, it is difficult to forecast local and international events for the indefinite period of time over which DOE will be responsible for many sites. We view the challenge as requiring an approach that accepts some variables as under DOE's control and others not under the Department's control. We suggest being as explicit as possible about the full set of cost elements and viewing life‐cycle cost estimation as a stochastic process that will require both detailed data analysis and interviews with experts to provide the basis upon which to produce plausible estimates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactive oxygen species mediate chloroquine‐induced expression of chemokines by human astroglial cells
Authors: Park Jinseu , Choi Kyungsun , Jeong Eunjoo , Kwon Daeho , Benveniste Etty N. , Choi Chulhee 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that chloroquine may evoke inflammatory responses in the central nervous system by inducing expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by astroglial cells. In this study, we further examined the molecular mechanism responsible for chloroquine‐induced activation of NF‐κB and subsequent expression of chemokines by astroglial cells. We observed that (1) chloroquine induced expression of chemokines such as CCL2 and CXCL8 in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner in human astroglial cells; (2) other lysosomotropic agents such as ammonium chloride and bafilomycin A1 had minimal effects on chemokine expression; (3) inhibition of NF‐κB by MG‐132 and TPCK suppressed chloroquine‐induced mRNA expression of chemokines; (4) chloroquine increased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner by human astroglial cells, but not by monocytic/microglial cells; (5) chloroquine‐induced increase of intracellular ROS level was suppressed by pre‐incubation with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) and N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC); and (6) inhibition of chloroquine‐induced ROS production by DPI or NAC suppressed chloroquine‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and subsequent mRNA expression of chemokines in astroglial cells. These results collectively suggest that chloroquine generates ROS, which is responsible for NF‐κB activation and subsequent expression of pro‐inflammatory chemokines in human astroglial cells. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of clusterin in Müller cells of the rat retina after pressure‐induced ischemia
Authors: Gwon Jae‐Sung , Kim In‐Beom , Lee Mun‐Yong , Oh Su‐Ja , Chun Myung‐Hoon 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe have investigated the expression and cellular localization of clusterin in the rat retina following ischemia induced by transiently increasing the intraocular pressure. In the normal retina, weak clusterin immunoreactivity was visible in Müller cell profiles located in the inner nuclear layer. Following ischemia and reperfusion, strong immunoreactivity appeared in Müller cell somata and processes up to 3 days postlesion. Quantitative evaluation by immunoblotting confirmed that clusterin expression continuously increased and showed a peak value at 3 days after ischemic injury (to 1300% of control levels), and then decreased again to 400% of controls at 4 weeks postlesion. Immunocytochemistry using antisera against clusterin or glutamine synthase combined with the TUNEL method or immunocytochemistry using antisera activated caspase 3 and electron microscopy revealed that some clusterin‐labeled Müller cells underwent apoptotic cell death. Our findings demonstrate that some Müller cells die by apoptosis, and suggest that clusterin produced and released by Müller cell may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury in the rat retina. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of novel isoforms of the CIC‐1 chloride channel in astrocytic glial cells in vitro
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Dong , Morishima Shigeru , Ando‐Akatsuka Yuhko , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Nabekura Takashi , Inoue Hana , Shimizu Takahiro , Okada Yasunobu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChloride channels play an important role in glial astrocyte function. However, in astrocytes, no chloride channels besides the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor, glycine receptor, and ClC‐2 chloride channels have been molecularly identified. In this study, we examined the expression of the ClC‐1 chloride channel in rat astrocytic glioma C6 cells and rat primary astrocytes. Five isoforms of ClC‐1, but not skeletal muscle ClC‐1 (SM ClC‐1), were found to be expressed in C6 cells. Comparison with rat SM ClC‐1 showed that common features shared by these isoforms are a short 3′ end with a deletion of the nucleotides from 3115 to 3197 and a substitution of T by C at nucleotides 480 and 1733. Three of the five isoforms, M1, M2, and M3, were produced by partial deletion of ClC‐1 exon 7, partial insertion of ClC‐1 exon 7a, and a TAG insertion at nucleotide 858, respectively. One of the two remaining isoforms, M4, was produced by partial deletion of ClC‐1 exon 8 at nucleotide 937; the other, M5, was the same as SM ClC‐1 except for the short 3′ end and substitutions at the two positions. Only the M5 isoform could be expressed as a functional channel in Xenopus oocytes. This glial isoform exhibited less dependence on voltage and extracellular Cl− than rat SM ClC‐1. However, the anion selectivity sequence and the anthracene‐9‐carboxylic acid (9‐AC) sensitivity of this channel were the same as for SM ClC‐1. Since whole‐cell recordings failed to detect ClC‐1‐like Cl− currents in C6 cells, it appears that the ClC‐1 isoform is functioning in intracellular organelles. In rat primary astrocytes, we found that the M2 isoform as well as two additional distinct isoforms were expressed. The present study showed that astrocytic glial cells express multiple isoforms of the ClC‐1 chloride channel, which has been thought to be expressed almost exclusively in the skeletal muscle. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical utility of computed tomography in the assessment of dementia: a memory clinic study
Authors: Condefer Kelly A. , Haworth Judith , Wilcock Gordon K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectiveTo define the influence of computed tomography (CT) on clinical decision‐making in the outpatient evaluation of dementia.DesignA case series in which two physicians reviewed standardised data extracted from clinical records, first blind to CT results, and then with CT results. Clinical decisions made with and without the input of CT were compared. The study was based in an outpatient referral centre for the assessment of memory disorders and dementia. The study involved 146 participants who were diagnosed with dementia after their first clinic visit, had Mini Mental State Examination scores >12, were aged >65 years, and had no history of neurologic disease.ResultsCT impacted on diagnosis in an average of 12% (±2), and on treatment plan in 11% (±2) of cases. Physicians predicted a priori which cases CT may influence with an average sensitivity of 28% (±2), and specificity of 78.5% (±1.5). There was no statistically significant relationship between diagnostically uncertain cases and helpful CT scans [average χ2 = 1.121 (±1.116), p = ns]. Blind to CT physicians appropriately identified cerebrovascular disease with an average sensitivity of 63% (±3), and specificity of 93.5% (±3.5).ConclusionsIn the outpatient setting, CT may be expected to impact on diagnosis and treatment of dementia in 10% to 15% of cases. Memory clinic physicians recognise and treat cerebrovascular risk factors with reasonable sensitivity and specificity without the input of CT. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presentations and management of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and the elderly: a need for investigation
Authors: Busuttil Walter 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackgroundWith an aging population increasing presentations of cases of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be expected to old age services. While progress has been made in recent years in relation to the understanding and development of aetiological theories, classification, assessment and management strategies and protocols in the adult population, similar advances have lagged behind for the elderly.AimsTo review the adult literature regarding PTSD and discuss how this might apply to an elderly population. An attempt is made to highlight a better awareness of the field of psychological trauma in the elderly in the hope of stimulating debate and research.MethodA review of the adult literature is conducted relating to classification, aetiology, demographic features, vulnerability, assessment, clinical management including psychotherapy and medications and how these may apply to the elderly.ResultsLittle has been published in this field that directly relates to the elderly. The adult literature allows insight into understanding how PTSD may present in the elderly, and how they may be managed.ConclusionsFurther specific research is needed in the elderly in order to facilitate a better understanding of PTSD that present in this unique population. This will lead to better clinical assessment, management and treatment provision. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.