bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and Perceptions of E-Cigarette Cessation for Young Adults in Rural Communities
Authors: Gwon Seok Hyun , Thongpriwan Vipavee , Mobarki Amani , Eyadat Anwar , Noonan Devon 
Published: September 2023

Background
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as e-cigarettes, are the most commonly used tobacco products among young adults in the United States. Young adults in rural areas have a higher prevalence of ENDS use compared to their urban counterparts, yet there is limited evidence regarding the in-depth understanding of experiences and perspectives directly from young adults.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore individual experiences and perspectives about use and cessation of ENDS from young adults in rural areas.

Methods
This was a qualitative study using interpretive description for analysis. Young adults (18–24 years) who used ENDS every day but not other tobacco products (cigarettes, smokeless, etc.) in the past month and had an address in a rural county of Wisconsin were eligible; there were nine participants interviewed using Zoom. Interview questions focused on initial use, maintenance of use, experiences of quitting, and social and rural environmental contexts regarding ENDS.

Results
Three themes emerged with eight categories: (a) addiction to ENDS and health, (b) cessation and resources, and (c) rural environment and culture in ENDS addiction.

Discussion
Findings have implications for ENDS cessation interventions targeting young adults in rural areas.
Happy Family, Healthy Kids
Authors: Ling Jiying , Chen Sisi , Zhang Nanhua , Robbins Lorraine B. , Kerver Jean M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Substantial effort has been invested to combat childhood obesity, but overall effects are disappointing, especially in low-income racial minority children. One possible reason is a lack of focus on the important stress–eating connection. Stress can negatively influence eating behaviors, leading to an increased appetite for high-fat and energy-dense foods.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the preliminary effects of a healthy eating and stress management program targeting multiple theoretical variables on improving eating behavior (dyads’ fruit/vegetable intake, emotional eating), food insecurity, anthropometric characteristics (dyads’ body mass index, % body fat), cardiovascular health (dyads’ blood pressure), and mental well-being (parental stress).

Methods
A one-group, quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted among 107 low-income parent–preschooler dyads. The 14-week program included a parent component, a parent–preschooler learning component, and a day care-based preschooler component.

Results
The program had positive effects on improving dyads’ fruit/vegetable intake, food insecurity, body mass index, and blood pressure and parents’ nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, support, food resource management behavior, problem-focused coping, and home eating environment. The overall satisfaction rate was 95.2%, and 88.1% stated that the program assisted their families with having a healthy lifestyle.

Discussion
Results support the preliminary effects of the program on improving health outcomes in rural and urban low-income families. Although warranting further investigation with a more rigorous randomized controlled trial, the healthy eating and stress management program provides a potential solution to the current coexistence of an obesity epidemic and mental health crisis.
Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Preoperative Assessment of Newborn Coarctation: Limiting Risks Associated with Advanced Imaging Techniques
Authors: Benjamin Christina L. , Ellsworth Erik G. , Bryant Roosevelt , Bhat Deepti P. 
Published: September 2023

Patient Anecdote
A newborn male child with prenatally identified aortic arch hypoplasia presented to our facility for cardiac management. He had been started on prostaglandins at the delivery facility and was subsequently placed on a high-flow nasal cannula due to associated apnea. On the day of life three, the patient underwent cardiac computed tomography scan for delineation of his anatomy. The patient remained intubated after his imaging study in anticipation of surgical intervention, which took place at the age of 5 days. The patient required a peritoneal dialysis catheter placement 2 days after his procedure due to oliguria. He progressed into renal failure requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.
This patient was subsequently discussed at our departmental morbidity and mortality conference. The short time frame between contrast administration for the computed tomography and surgical intervention was thought to have contributed to his renal failure. We discussed the adequacy of transverse aortic arch imaging by echocardiogram and the utility of advanced imaging in the fragile neonatal period. This discussion resulted in our department asking, “Is transthoracic echocardiography accurate when diagnosing and characterizing aortic coarctation at our institution? Are advanced imaging studies necessary in instances of simple coarctation?”
Efficacy and Safety of Surgical Procedures for Congenital Moderate and Severe Blepharoptosis: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Yue Qiang , Fu Ao , Wang Tailing 
Published: September 2023

Background:
There are various surgical approaches to treat congenital moderate and severe blepharoptosis (CMSBP), but their efficacy and safety remain unclear owing to a lack of high-level evidence. This network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 3 classical operations: and their modifications frontal muscle flap suspension (FMS), levator palpebrae muscle shortening (LMS), conjoint fascial sheath suspension (CFSS), and modified CFSS.

Methods:
We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases until March 2022. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted for the 5 most common treatments. Outcome indicators were the number of patients with good correction and adverse events.

Results:
Twenty-one studies were included, with 2402 eyes in 1863 patients. Five surgical methods were evaluated: FMS, LMS, CFSS, and conjoint fascial sheath suspension combined with levator muscle shortening (CFSS+LMS), or with levator palpebrae muscle composite flap suspension (CFS+L). Meta-analysis indicated that CFSS is more effective than LMS and FMS, but inferior to CFSS+LMS and CFS+L. Efficacy rates of CFSS+LMS and CFS+L were comparable. Frontal muscle flap suspension was more effective than LMS. Safety data meta-analysis found CFSS safer than FMS and LMS but with more complications than CFSS+LMS and CFS+L. Complication rates were comparable between CFS+L and CFSS+LMS, and also for FMS and LMS.

Conclusions:
When correcting CMSBP, CFSS+LMS, and CFS+L may be better therapeutic strategies for effectiveness and safety. Conjoint fascial sheath suspension also yielded good surgical effects. Plastic surgeons should be cautious about LMS and FMS.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Candidates
Authors: Gajurel Kiran , Ngo Tue , Fairman Robert T. , McCurdy Lewis H. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Kidney transplant (KT) candidates have historically low immunization rates against recommended vaccines. A retrospective single-center study of contemporary KT candidates was conducted to assess vaccination rates and vaccine uptake.

Methods:
All KT candidates ≥18 y evaluated between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively reviewed for history of prior vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis; 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; and recombinant zoster vaccine. Positive hepatitis A IgG total, hepatitis B surface antibody, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella IgG were assessed as surrogate markers of immunity. Vaccine uptake among vaccine-eligible candidates was also assessed.

Results:
Among 150 KT candidates, the rate of prior vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis; 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine; and recombinant zoster vaccine (latter among patients ≥50 y) was found to be as low as 11%. Hepatitis A IgG total, hepatitis B surface antibody, measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella IgG seropositivity rates were 30%, 66%, 88%, 78%, 90%, and 96%, respectively. Only 7 (5%) of 150 patients had complete immunization or seropositivity. Five (3%) of 143 vaccine-eligible patients declined vaccination. Hepatitis A vaccine declination was relatively common with 15 (16%) of 94 vaccine-eligible patients declining it.

Conclusions:
KT candidates have low baseline rates of prior immunization/seropositivity against most recommended vaccines. Overall vaccine uptake among eligible candidates was high.
Genomic analyses correspond with deep persistence of peoples of Blackfoot Confederacy from glacial times
Authors: First Rider Dorothy , Crop Eared Wolf Annabel , Murray John , de Flamingh Alida , Campelo dos Santos Andre Luiz , Lanoë François , Zedeño Maria N. , DeGiorgio Michael , Lindo John , Malhi Ripan S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMutually beneficial partnerships between genomics researchers and North American Indigenous Nations are rare. Here, we present one such partnership that provides insight into the peopling of the Americas and furnishes a new line of evidence that can be used to further treaty and Indigenous rights. We show that the genomics of sampled individuals from the Blackfoot Confederacy belong to a previously undescribed ancient lineage that diverged from other genomic lineages in the Americas in Late Pleistocene times. Using multiple complementary forms of knowledge, we provide a scenario for Blackfoot population history that fits with oral tradition and provides a plausible model for the evolutionary process of the peopling of the Americas.One-Sentence SummaryPreviously unknown genomic lineage in North America revealed in present-day Indigenous community and historic ancestors.
Science abhors a surveillance vacuum: detection of ticks and tick-borne bacteria in southern New Mexico through passive surveillance
Authors: Harman Paige R. , Mendell Nicole L. , Harman Maysee M. , Draney Puck A. , Boyle Anna T. , Gompper Matthew E. , Orr Teri J. , Bouyer Donald H. , Teel Pete D. , Hanley Kathryn A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRobust tick surveillance enhances diagnosis and prevention of tick-borne pathogens, yet surveillance efforts in the U.S. are highly uneven, resulting in large surveillance vacuums, one of which spans the state of New Mexico. As part of a larger effort to fill this vacuum, we conducted both active and passive tick sampling in New Mexico, focusing on the southern portion of the state. We conducted active tick sampling using dragging and CO2trapping at 45 sites across Hidalgo, Doña Ana, Otero, and Eddy counties periodically between June 2021 and August 2022. We also conducted opportunistic, passive tick sampling in 2021 and 2022 from animals harvested by hunters or captured or collected by researchers and animals housed in animal hospitals, shelters, and farms. All pools of ticks were screened forRickettsia rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. amblyommatis, Ehrlichia ewingii, andE. chaffeensis. Active sampling yielded no ticks. Passive sampling yielded 497 ticks comprisingCarios kelleyifrom pallid bats,Rhipicephalus sanguineusfrom dogs, mule deer, and Rocky Mountain elk,Otobius megninifrom dogs, cats, horses, and Coues deer,Dermacentor parumapertusfrom dogs and black-tailed jackrabbits,D. albipictusfrom domesticated cats, mule deer and Rocky Mountain elk, andDermacentor spp. from American black bear, Rocky Mountain elk, and mule deer. One pool ofD. parumapterusfrom a black-tailed jackrabbit in Luna County tested positive forR. parkeri, an agent of spotted fever rickettsiosis. Additionally, a spotted fever groupRickettsiawas detected in 6 of 7Carios kelleyipools. Two ticks showed morphological abnormalities; however, these samples did not test positive for any of the target pathogens, and the cause of the abnormalities is unknown. Passive surveillance yielded five identified species of ticks from three domestic and six wild mammal species. One tick pool from a black-tailed jackrabbit was found to harborRickettsia parkeri, and six pools ofCarios kelleyiticks, argasid ticks that have been reported to bite humans, were found to harbor a spotted fever groupRickettsia. Our findings update tick distributions and inform the public, medical, and veterinary communities of the potential tick-borne pathogens present in southern New Mexico.
Association of Depression Symptoms and Biomarkers of Risk on Clinical Outcomes in HFrEF
Authors: Sherwood Andrew , Blumenthal James A. , Mentz Robert J. , Koch Gary G. , Rogers Joseph G. , Chang Patricia P. , Chien Christopher , Adams Kirkwood F. , Rose-Jones Lisa J. , Jensen Brian C. , Johnson Kristy S. , Hinderliter Alan L. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPrior studies have demonstrated an association of depression with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF, but the possible mechanisms responsible for the association are not unserstood.METHODS142 men and women with HFrEF were enrolled through HF clinics and followed over time. At baseline and 6-months, depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and disease activity by B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Proportional Hazards Regression Models assessed the contribution of depressive symptoms and HFrEF disease biomarkers on death or cardiovascular hospitalization.RESULTSOver a median follow-up period of 4 years, 42 patients (30%) died, and 84 (60%) had cardiovascular hospitalizations. A 10-point higher baseline BDI-II score was associated with a 35% higher hazard of death or cardiovascular hospitalization. Greater baseline BDI-II scores were associated with poorer HF self-care maintenance (R=-0.30, p<0.001) and fewer daily steps (R=-0.19, p=0.04), suggesting that depression may adversely affect important health behaviors. Increases in plasma BNP over 6 months were associated with worse outcomes. Changes in BDI-II score and plasma BNP over 6 months were positively correlated (R=0.25, p=0.004).CONCLUSIONSThis study underscores the importance of elevated depression symptoms and their association with an increased likelihood of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HFrEF. Health behaviors may play a greater role than direct biobehavioral pathways in the adverse effects of depression on the HF disease trajectory and resultant clinical outcomes.
Sex divergent behavioral responses in platform-mediated avoidance and glucocorticoid receptor blockade
Authors: Halcomb Carly J. , Philipp Trey R. , Dhillon Parker S. , Cox J. Hunter , Aguilar-Alvarez Ricardo , Vanderhoof Samantha O. , Jasnow Aaron M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWomen are more likely than men to develop anxiety or stress-related disorders. A core behavioral symptom of all anxiety disorders is avoidance of fear or anxiety eliciting cues. Recent rodent models of avoidance show reliable reproduction of this behavioral phenomenon in response to learned aversive associations. Here, a modified version of platform-mediated avoidance that lacked an appetitive task was utilized to investigate the learning and extinction of avoidance in male and female C57BL6/J mice. Here, we found a robust sex difference in the acquisition and extinction of platform-mediated avoidance. Across three experiments, 63.7% of female mice acquired avoidance according to our criterion, whereas 83.8% of males acquired it successfully. Of those females that acquired avoidance, they displayed persistent avoidance after extinction compared to males. Given their role in regulating stress responses and habitual behaviors, we investigated if glucocorticoid receptors (GR) mediated avoidance learning in males and females. Here we found that a subcutaneous injection (25mg/kg) of the GR antagonist, RU486 (mifepristone), significantly reduced persistent avoidance in females but did not further reduce avoidance in males after extinction. These data suggest that GR activation during avoidance learning may contribute to persistent avoidance in females that is resistant to extinction.
The Temporal Dynamics of Metacognitive Experiences Track Rational Adaptations in Task Performance
Authors: Vermeylen Luc , Braem Senne , Ivanchei Ivan I. , Desender Kobe , García-Román J.M. , González-García Carlos , Ruz María , Notebaert Wim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman task performance elicits diverse subjective metacognitive experiences, such as boredom, effort, fatigue and frustration, which are thought to play important roles in the monitoring and regulation of cognitive processes. Yet, their specific contributions to task performance remain poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the temporal dynamics underlying these metacognitive experiences and the latent cognitive processes supporting task performance. We used a time-on-task design using a conflict Flanker task, and analyzed the data using a comprehensive approach encompassing behavioral, model-based, subjective, and neural measures. Our results show that the temporal dynamics in cognitive processes can be understood as a rational attempt to optimize task performance and that distinct metacognitive experiences track different aspects of this rational endeavor. These findings suggest that metacognitive experiences act as tools for humans to gain insights into the optimality of their cognitive performance.
Defective mesenchymal Bmpr1a-mediated BMP signaling causes congenital pulmonary cysts
Authors: Luo Yongfeng , Cao Ke , Chiu Joanne , Chen Hui , Wang Hong-Jun , Thornton Matthew E. , Grubbs Brendan H. , Kolb Martin , Parmacek Michael S. , Mishina Yuji , Shi Wei 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAbnormal lung development can cause congenital pulmonary cysts, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Although the cystic lesions are believed to result directly from disrupted airway epithelial cell growth, the extent to which developmental defects in lung mesenchymal cells contribute to abnormal airway epithelial cell growth and subsequent cystic lesions has not been thoroughly examined. In the present study, we dissected the roles of BMP receptor 1a (Bmpr1a)- mediated BMP signaling in lung mesenchyme during prenatal lung development and discovered that abrogation of mesenchymalBmpr1adisrupted normal lung branching morphogenesis, leading to the formation of prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. Severe deficiency of airway smooth muscle cells and subepithelial elastin fibers were found in the cystic airways of the mesenchymalBmpr1aknockout lungs. In addition, ectopic mesenchymal expression of BMP ligands and airway epithelial perturbation of the Sox2-Sox9 proximal-distal axis were detected in the mesenchymalBmpr1aknockout lungs. However, deletion of Smad1/5, two major BMP signaling downstream effectors, from the lung mesenchyme did not phenocopy the cystic abnormalities observed in the mesenchymalBmpr1aknockout lungs, suggesting that a Smad-independent mechanism contributes to prenatal pulmonary cystic lesions. These findings reveal for the first time the role of mesenchymal BMP signaling in lung development and a potential pathogenic mechanism underlying congenital pulmonary cysts.
Identifying the cortical face network with dynamic face stimuli: A large group fMRI study
Authors: Pitcher David , Ianni Geena R , Holiday Kelsey , Ungerleider Leslie G 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have identified a network of face-selective regions distributed across the human brain. In the present study, we analyzed data from a large group of gender-balanced participants to investigate how reliably these face-selective regions could be identified across both cerebral hemispheres. Participants (N=52) were scanned with fMRI while viewing short videos of faces, bodies, and objects. Results revealed that five face-selective regions: the fusiform face area (FFA), posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), anterior superior temporal sulcus (aSTS), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the amygdala were all larger in the right than in the left hemisphere. The occipital face area (OFA) was larger in the right hemisphere as well, but the difference between the hemispheres was not significant. The neural response to moving faces was also greater in face-selective regions in the right than in the left hemisphere. An additional analysis revealed that the pSTS and IFG were significantly larger in the right hemisphere compared to other face-selective regions. This pattern of results demonstrates that moving faces are preferentially processed in the right hemisphere and that the pSTS and IFG appear to be the strongest drivers of this laterality. An analysis of gender revealed that face-selective regions were typically larger in females (N=26) than males (N=26), but this gender difference was not statistically significant.
Striatal dopamine tone is positively associated with body mass index in humans as determined by PET using dual dopamine type-2 receptor antagonist tracers
Authors: Darcey Valerie L. , Guo Juen , Chi Meible , Chung Stephanie T. , Courville Amber B. , Gallagher Isabelle , Herscovitch Peter , Howard Rebecca , LaNoire Melissa , Milley Lauren , Schick Alex , Stagliano Michael , Turner Sara , Urbanski Nicholas , Yang Shanna , Yim Eunha , Zhai Nan , Zhou Megan S. , Hall Kevin D. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe relationship between adiposity and dopamine type-2 receptor binding potential (D2BP) in the human brain has been repeatedly studied for >20 years with highly discrepant results, likely due to variable methodologies and differing study populations. We conducted a controlled inpatient feeding study to measure D2BP in the striatum using positron emission tomography with both [18F]fallypride and [11C]raclopride in pseudo-random order in 54 young adults with a wide range of body mass index (BMI 20-44 kg/m2). Within-subject D2BP measurements using the two tracers were moderately correlated (r=0.47, p<0.001). D2BP was negatively correlated with BMI as measured by [11C]raclopride (r= -0.51; p<0.0001) but not [18F]fallypride (r=-0.01; p=0.92) and these correlation coefficients were significantly different from each other (p<0.001). Given that [18F]fallypride has greater binding affinity to dopamine type-2 receptors than [11C]raclopride, which is more easily displaced by endogenous dopamine, our results suggest that adiposity is positively associated with increased striatal dopamine tone.