bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in young children with moderate acute malnutrition: secondary analysis of a randomized trial in Burkina Faso
Authors: Grenov Benedikte , Helt Thora , Cichon Bernadette , Fabiansen Christian , Iuel-Brockdorff Anne-Sophie , Yameogo Charles , Ritz Christian , Briend André , Michaelsen Kim , Filteau Suzanne , Friis Henrik , Christensen Vibeke 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background/objectives
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an important growth factor in childhood. We aimed to investigate the impact of food supplements for treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) on serum IGF-1 (sIGF-1).
Subjects/methods
This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized 2×2×3 factorial nutrition trial. Children aged 6-23 months with MAM received 2093 kJ/day (500 kcal/day) as lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) or corn-soy blend (CSB), containing either dehulled soy or soy isolate and different quantities of dried skimmed milk (0%, 20% or 50% of total protein) for 12 weeks. The trial was double-blind with regard to soy and milk, but not to matrix (LNS vs. CSB). sIGF-1 was measured at inclusion and after 12 weeks supplementation.
Results
Of 1609 children enrolled, 1455 (90%) had sIGF-1 measured at both time points. During supplementation sIGF-1 increased 6.7 (95%CI 6.1; 7.3) ng/ml compared with an expected age-dependent decrease of 0.3 (95%CI 0.2; 0.4) ng/ml. Children who received LNS vs. CSB had lower increase in sIGF-1 (-8%, 95%CI -12; -3). The effect of LNS was partly attenuated when sIGF-1 was corrected for inflammation. Children who received soy isolate compared with dehulled soy had higher increase in sIGF-1 (6%, 95%CI 1; 12). Milk content did not affect sIGF-1.
Conclusions
Overall, sIGF-1 increased during supplementation. The lower increase with LNS vs. CSB was only partly explained by increased inflammation with LNS, and needs further investigation. Isolate vs. dehulled soy led to a higher increase which may be due to antinutrients in dehulled soy.
Genomic malaria surveillance of antenatal care users detects reduced transmission following elimination interventions in Mozambique
Authors: Mayor Alfredo , Brokhattingen Nanna , Matambisso Gloria , Silva Clemente da , Vickers Eric Neubauer , Pujol Arnau , Mbeve Henriques , Cistero Pau , Maculuve Sonia , Cuna Boaventura , Melembe Cardoso , Ndimande Nelo , Palmer Brian , García Manuel , Munguambe Humberto , Lopez Julia Montana , Nhamussa Lidia , Simone Wilson , Chidimatembue Arlindo , Galatas Beatriz , Guinovart Caterina , Rovira-Vallbona Eduard , Saute Francisco , Aide Pedro , Aranda-Díaz Andrés , Greenhouse Bryan , Macete Eusebio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Routine sampling of pregnant women at first antenatal care (ANC) visits could make Plasmodium falciparum genomic surveillance more cost-efficient and convenient in sub-Saharan Africa. We compared the genetic structure of parasite populations sampled from 289 first ANC attendees and 93 children from the community in Mozambique between 2015 and 2019. Samples were amplicon sequenced targeting 165 microhaplotypes and 15 drug resistance genes. Metrics of genetic diversity and relatedness, as well as the prevalence of drug resistance markers, were consistent between the two populations. In an area targeted for elimination, intra-host genetic diversity declined in both populations (p=0.002-0.007), while for the ANC population, population genetic diversity was also lower (p=0.0004), and genetic relatedness between infections were higher (p=0.002) than control areas, indicating a recent reduction in the parasite population size. These results highlight the added value of genomic surveillance at ANC clinics to inform about changes in transmission beyond epidemiological data.
Antibiotic Utilization Patterns and perception about antimicrobial resistance among forcibly displaced persons in Uganda, Yemen, and Colombia
Authors: Hesari David Kamiab , Aljadeeah Saleh , Brhlikova Petra , Hyzam Dalia , Komakech Henry , Rueda Jhon Sebastián Patiño , Cañas Jovana Alexandra Ocampo , Ching Carly , Orubu Samuel , Acevedo Oscar Bernal , Besaleem Huda , Orach Christopher Garimoi , Zaman Muhammad , Costa Clarissa Prazeres da 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Forcibly displaced population are exposed to many socioeconomic determinants, which predispose them to negative health outcomes, like antimicrobial resistant infections (AMR) and inaccessibility to life saving antibiotics. Poor quality antibiotics pose a threat in further driving AMR in these populations. Although there are (inter-)national policies in place to fight AMR there is a gap in recognizing the specific challenges for these people. Our study wanted to investigate the nexus of these global challenges by identifying and analyzing key barriers of access to quality-assured and affordable antimicrobials. Our study sites consisted of three countries that carry a high burden of forced displacement. The study population included South Sudanese refugees in Uganda, internally displaced people (IDPs) in Yemen and Venezuelan migrants in Colombia.
Methods
Semi-structured questionnaires with single-choice, multiple-choice and open-ended questions were used to capture perceptions of displaced populations about access to and quality of antimicrobials, and their knowledge of AMR. Sample size was 36 refugees in Uganda, 50 IDPs in Yemen and 50 migrants in Colombia. Because of the small study sample size, we conducted mainly univariate analysis.
Results
The majority of the 136 participants were female and had no health insurance. Obtaining antibiotics/antimicrobials through informal pathways, either without a doctor's prescription or through family and friends, was common across all study sites. Knowledge of AMR was generally low; usage of antibiotics preventatively or inappropriately was practiced especially in Yemen and Uganda. Barriers to access included mainly financial constraints in Colombia and Uganda, prescription requirements in Yemen and Colombia, reachability of healthcare centers in Yemen as well as nonavailability of drugs in Uganda.
Conclusion
Our multi-centered research identified common barriers to accessing quality antimicrobials among refugees/IDPs/migrants and common use of informal pathways. The results suggest that knowledge gap about AMR may lead to potential misuse of antimicrobials and therefore the rise of AMR within these populations. Possible future interventions designed for similar humanitarian settings should consider these interlinked barriers.
Lifestyle Subgroups and its Relationship with the Incidence of Hypertension in the Population of Azar Cohort: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Naghizadeh Sahar , Faramarzi Elnaz , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Akbari Hossein , Mohammadpoorasl Asghar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Hypertension represents a global public health challenge due to its high prevalence and relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle-related high-risk behaviors are the leading causes of hypertension, usually occurring simultaneously or in clusters. While prior studies have examined lifestyle variables separately, behaviors related to lifestyle often coincide in specific patterns. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we can simultaneously analyze the effects of variables related to lifestyle on the incidence of hypertension. The aim of present studt was to compare the incidence of hypertension across different lifestyle subgroups of the Azar cohort population identified via LCA.
Methods: In the present study, we used the data of 15,006 eligible participants across five follow-up periods. Seven observed variables were used to assess lifestyle behaviors as a latent variable. These indicators were smoking, substance use, alcohol consumption, secondhand smoke exposure, sleep quality, physical activity, and obesity. The analysis was performed using PROC LCA in SAS 9.2 software.
Results: Three-class and seven-class models were appropriate for females and males based on the indices for model selection and the interpretability of the model results, respectively. In females, 25.7%, 9% and 65.3% were at “low risk”,“high risk” and “secondhand smoke exposure and poor sleep quality”, respectively. In males, 13.3% and 3.6% were in the “smoker” and “high-risk” classes, respectively. In females and males (up to class 4), after adjusting for age and socioeconomic status, the prevalence and incidence of hypertension increased with the advancement of classes.
Conclusion: This study provides important information on lifestyle intervention strategies to minimize the burden of hypertension. Identifying concurrent high-risk behaviors in an at-risk population can lead to simultaneous interventions as an effective means of preventing disease by addressing clusters of high-risk behaviors. Considering the characteristics of the identified classes and the prevalence and occurrence of hypertension in each class, the main focus of lifestyle interventions can be placed on the most high-risk groups. Our findings suggest that poor physical activity, poor sleep quality, and obesity should be adressed as the main targets of lifestyle intervention strategies for preventing and controlling hypertension.
Investigation of oxide layer development of X6CrNiNb18-10
stainless steel exposed to high temperature water
Authors: Veile Georg , Weihe Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The oxide layer development of X6CrNiNb18-10 (AISI 347) over exposure time in high temperature water has been investigated. While a parabolic development of Cr in the protective primary layer and Fe in the secondary layer can be observed, dimensions of the Ni layer remains constant. Ni requires the presence of a pronounced Fe-rich secondary layer before being able to reside on the outer secondary layer. With rising immersion time, the Ni element fraction surpasses the Cr element fraction in the secondary layer. The oxide growth of the secondary layer could be observed. After 480 h, almost the entire surface is covered by the outer oxide layer. In the metal matrix no depletion of Cr or Ni could be observed over time. However, an increased presence of Cr and Ni in the primary layer was at the expense of Fe content.
Formalising the law of diminishing returns in metabolic
networks using an electrical analogy
Authors: de Vienne Dominique , Petrizzelli Marianyela , Coton Charlotte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The way biological systems respond to changes in parameter values caused by mutations is a key issue in evolution and quantitative genetics, as it affects fundamental aspects such as adaptation, selective neutrality, robustness, optimality, evolutionary equilibria, etc. We address this question using the enzyme-flux relationship as a model of the genotype-phenotype relationship. Applying an analogy between electrical circuits and metabolic networks, we show that a behaviour of diminishing returns, which is commonly observed at various phenotypic levels, is inevitable, irrespective of the complexity of the system.
IGFBP4 suppresses EndMT to maintain corneal endothelial cell characteristics through down-regulating WNT2 to inhibit Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Ke Hongqin , Cao Qian , Li Yong , Long Junjun , Tian Ermiao , Li Lan , Liu Hai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective: It is aimed to investigate the mechanism of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is a significant limiting factor in the culture of corneal endothelial cells (CECs).
Methods: The primary rabbits corneal endothelial cells (RCECs) at passage 0 (P0) and passage 3 (P3) were subjected to Illumina high-throughput RNA sequencing, leading to the identification of EndMT-related genes and signaling pathways. Target genes IGFBP4 and WNT2 were selected for validation, with observation indicators including EndMT markers, α-Smooth muscle actin（α-SMA) and vimentin, tight junction protein ZO-1(ZO-1) and aquaporin-1(AQP-1), as well as molecules related to Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Results: The results of high-throughput RNA sequencing suggest a potential association between the Wnt pathway and EndMT. Overexpression of IGFBP4 or knockdown of WNT2 in RCECs, the levels of α-SMA, vimentin, ZO-1 and AQP-1 were significantly reduced, as well as molecules related to Wnt2/β-catenin signaling pathway, such as Frizzled, Dvl, and p-β-catenin and p-TCF-4. On the contrary, when IGFBP4 is knocked down or WNT2 is overexpressed, the opposite results are obtained. Moreover, the IP experimental results provide evidence of the interaction between WNT2 and IGFBP4.
Conclusion: In the in vitro culture of RCECs, the downregulation of IGFBP4 could activate Wnt/β- catenin signaling pathway and induce the occurrence of EndMT.
Network Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis
Authors: Zhang Wenkai , Zhao Songbo , Li Jipin , Sun Yihua , Zhuang Leyi , Wang Jianqin , Wang Xiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are many kinds of drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe UC, but the number of "head-to-head" clinical trials between these drugs is very limited. There is no reliable evidence to guide the selection of drugs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe UC used network meta-analysis.
Methods
We searched the Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception to March 31, 2023. According to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about aminosalicylic acid, hormones, immunosuppressants, biological agents, and small molecule drugs used alone or in combination in the treatment of UC. We used Stata17.0 software for statistical analysis and results were reported as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
A total of 18 articles (22 RCTS in total) were included, including 7873 patients with moderate to severe UC. For the efficacy outcomes, Upadacitinib is ranked first in induction of clinical response with 96.0% cumulative probability. Upadacitinib is ranked first in induction of clinical remission with 99.3% cumulative probability. Upadacitinib is ranked first in induction of endoscopic improvement with 99.0% cumulative probability. Upadacitinib is ranked first in maintenance of clinical remission with 93.2% cumulative probability. Upadacitinib is ranked first in maintenance of endoscopic improvement with 93.3% cumulative probability. For the safey outcomes, Vedolizumab is the best in incidence of AE with 16.8% cumulative probability. Upadacitinib is the best in incidence of SAE with 13.8% cumulative probability.
Conclusions
Upadacitinib may have the best efficacy during the induction and maintenance periods, with the lowest SAE rate, and be the most comprehensively effective intervention. Vedolizumab may have the best safety. Infliximab combined with AZA may improve efficacy and reduce safety.
Laminin α5β2γ1 promotes uterine stromal cells' mesenchymal-epithelial transition during decidualization
Authors: Wang Peng-Chao , Fu Tao , Xie Juan , Yang Zhenshan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Decidualization is critical to pregnancy in primates and rodents. Endometrial stromal cells undergo the mesenchymal-epithelial transition to transform into decidual stromal cells to provide nutrition and support vascularization during decidualization. Laminins, as the main component of the epithelial basement membrane, regulate cellular adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation. Our previous study showed that laminin α5β2γ1 strongly expressed in mouse decidua. However, the regulation and function of laminin α5β2γ1 during endometrium decidualization are still unknown. Here, our study reveals robust expression of laminin α5β2γ1 in mice and artificially induced mice deciduoma. And laminin α5β2γ1 is also upregulated during mice and human in vitro decidualization. We demonstrate that progesterone regulates the expression of laminin α5β2γ1 during in vitro decidualization in mice. Interestingly, coated-laminin α5β2γ1 promotes the mesenchymal-epithelial transition in mouse and human uterine stromal cells.
Functional cellulose paper with high transparency, high haze, and UV-blocking for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Guan Yanhua , He Haodong , Tang Dexi , Han Xiaoqin , Zhang Haixia , Xu Jiayun , Dai Lin , Huang Zhanhua , Si Chuanling 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising solar energy utilization technology due to their high energy conversion efficiency and low preparation cost. However, the inherent instability under UV illumination limits their practical applications. In this work, we developed a new approach to fabricate functional cellulose paper (FTH paper) with high transparency, high haze, and UV-blocking, which can be used to extend the lifespan of PSCs. When the impregnation amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose and tannic acid were 16 wt% and 0.7 wt%, the light transmittance and UV-blocking performance reached 86.8% (at 600 nm) and 83.1% (at 320 nm), respectively, while maintaining a haze of 71.5%. After protonation and desalination treatment, the FTH paper exhibited good water resistance and mechanical properties (71.49 MPa, 2156 folding cycles). More importantly, FTH paper coating can significantly improve optical path length and the UV-stability (improved by 26% after 100 h) of PSCs. This study not only provides a simple and effective strategy to improve the properties of PSCs but also opens the way for high-value utilization of paper materials.
Minimum Supervision Levels required for Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship graduation by Pediatric Cardiology Fellowship Program Directors
Authors: Karnik Ruchika , Robinson Bradley , Glickstein Julie , Schwartz Alan , Mink Richard , Neal Ashley E. , Frank Lowell H , McMahon Colin J. , Kim Michael E , Turner David A. , Srivast Shubhika 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) are “observable essential tasks expected to be performed by a physician for safe patient care in practice.” Six PC EPAs and their LOS scales were developed by medical educators in PC using a modified Delphi process and reviewed by the Subspecialty Pediatrics Investigator Network (SPIN). However, their general use in assessment for PC fellows for graduation requirements has yet to be studied.
Objective
To determine the minimum level of supervision (LOS) required for PC fellows to graduate and compare it with the minimum LOS expected for safe and effective practice for the 6 PC EPAs, from the perspective of PC fellowship program directors (FPD).
Method
All FPDs of ACGME-accredited PC fellowships were surveyed through SPIN between April 2017 and August 2017. For each of the PC EPAs, the FPDs were asked to indicate the minimum LOS expected for graduation and whether they would allow a fellow to graduate if this level was not achieved. The minimum LOS expected for a practicing pediatric cardiologist to provide safe and effective patient care. The minimum level of supervision (LOS) was defined as the LOS for which no more than 20% of FPDs would want a lower level.
Results
The survey response rate was 80% (47/59). The majority of the FPDs did not require a minimum LOS of 5 corresponding to unsupervised practice in any of the 6 PC EPAs at graduation. For EPAs related to imaging, arrhythmia management, and management of cardiac problems, the minimum LOS for graduation was 3, corresponding to being “trusted to perform a task with indirect supervision for most simple and a few complex cases.” For the EPAs related to interventional cardiology, heart failure pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac intensive care, the minimum LOS for graduation was 2, corresponding to being “trusted to perform a task only with direct supervision and coaching.” The minimum LOS considered necessary for safe and effective practice for all but one EPA was 3. For the EPA related to the management of cardiac problems, the minimum LOS for safe practice was 4, corresponding to being “trusted to execute tasks independently except for few complex and critical cases.”
Conclusion
Most PC FPDs reported they would not require fellows to achieve the highest entrustment level for any of the 6 PC EPAs for graduation. It is crucial that educational programs evolve to address these essential activities during training better and that stakeholders ensure that graduating PC fellows have adequate resources and infrastructure to continue professional development as early-career pediatric cardiologists.
Biodiversity and antifungal activities of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of Inga edulis in an urban forest fragment of the amazon
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael Souza , Souza Antonia Queiroz Lima , Barbosa Anderson Nogueira , Santiago Sarah Raquel Silveira Silva , Barbosa Roneres Deniz , Alves Thalita Caroline Lima , Cruz Jeferson Chagas , Silva Gilvan Ferreira , Bentes Jania Lilia Silva , Souza Afonso Duarte Leão 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Actinobacteria are major producers of antibacterial and antifungal metabolites and are targets of increasing research in the search for substances of biotechnological interest, especially for use in agriculture. The Amazon soils is potentially rich in actinobacteria; therefore, we prospected actinobacteria from the rhizospheres of three individuals of Inga edulis found on the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas, the largest urban forest fragment in the Amazon. We isolated 64 strains of actinobacteria, which were distributed in 16 morphogroups. A total of 20 strains representing these 16 groups were subjected to morphological analysis, genotyping using the 16S rRNA gene, and assays against pathogenic fungi of important agricultural plants in the region that also cause annual losses of millions of dollars to world agriculture. Using GenBank-NCBI and EzBioCloud data, 90% of the strains were identified as Streptomyces and 10% as Kitasatospora, indicating at least 16 different species and possible new species. All showed antagonisms for two or more phytopathogen strains of Corysnepora cassiicola, Colletotrichum sp., Colletotrichum guaranicola, Pestalotiopsis sp., and Sclerotium coffeicola. Two stood out for their broad spectrum and better results against phytopathogens of the guarana plant (Paullinia cupana), an important crop for the regional economy and one of the best sources of caffeine in the world, whose powder is used in the food industry and traditional medicine. Complementary analyses ratified the potential of these strains as sources of highly effective antifungal substances. In general, the results exemplify the high diversity and richness of the actinomycetes in the Amazon.