bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced multifaceted model for plasmon-driven Schottky solar cells with integrated thermal effects
Authors: Aïssa Brahim , Baloch Ahmer A. , Ali Adnan , Mitra Anirban 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the development of an opto-thermal-electrical model for plasmonic Schottky solar cells (PSSCs) using a comprehensive multiphysics approach. We simulated the optical properties, power conversion efficiencies, and energy yield of PSSCs with varying nanoparticle (NP) configurations and sizes. Our spectral analysis focused on the absorption characteristics of these solar cells, examining systems sized 3 × 3, 5 × 5, and 7  × 7, with NP radii ranging from 10 to 150 nm. The study addresses a significant gap in solar cell research by presenting a novel multi-physics energy yield model for PSSCs decorated with gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) on silicon absorbers. This integrated framework uniquely couples optical, electrical, and thermal responses for the prediction of global energy yield maps. Total spectral heat absorption was evaluated over a range of 300 nm to 1200 nm. This spectral heating was further deconvoluted into nanoparticle heating and thermalization heating in a silicon absorber. The findings indicated that the 5 × 5 NP array with a 70 nm radius enhances electrical performance, with the short-circuit current density (Jsc) reaching 11.54 mA/cm2—A 47% improvement compared to traditional bare silicon Schottky cells of 2 μm thickness. However, this electrical enhancement was also accompanied by a significant increase in heat generation within the nanoparticles, with thermal gains up to 182.5% relative to the bare silicon cells. This substantial rise in thermal energy highlights the critical need for advanced thermal management strategies to mitigate overheating and ensure the overall efficiency of plasmonic-enhanced solar cells. Enhanced energy yield maps confirm the model’s predictions, showing improved outputs globally, especially in sunny regions with potential annual energy yield gains up to 80 kWh/m2.
Diffusion Smart-seq3 of breast cancer spheroids to explore spatial tumor biology and test evolutionary principles of tumor heterogeneity
Authors: Cougnoux Antony , Mahmoud Loay , Johnsson Per A. , Eroglu Alper , Gsell Louise , Rosenbauer Jakob , Sandberg Rickard , Hausser Jean 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Combining 3D cultures such as tumor spheroids and organoids with spatial omics holds great potential for tissue biology and cancer research. Yet, this potential is presently limited by technical and financial challenges of spatial omics methods and 3D cultures. To address this, we combine dye diffusion, the Smart-seq3xpress protocol for deep single-cell gene expression profiling, and dedicated probabilistic inference methods into diffusion Smart-seq3 (Smart-seq3D), to reveal the transcriptome of single cells along with their position along the core-periphery axis of spheroids. Applying Smart-seq3D to triple-negative breast tumor spheroids identifies thousands of spatial genes and reveals continuous, ungated spatial gene expression. Spatial gene and pathway expression patterns suggest biologies specific to spheroid regions, which we validate by immunostainings and pharmacological interventions. We use the Smart-seq3D data to test evolutionary principles of spatial tumor heterogeneity. Finally, we characterize aspects of tumor heterogeneity captured by 3D spheroids that are missing from 2D cultures but found in tumors in vivo. Smart-seq3D can offer a cost-efficient approach to explore how cells adapt their transcriptome to different micro-environments, reveal spatial determinants of drug resistance and could serve to characterize spatial interactions between cancer and stromal/immune cells in 3D co-cultures.
Azurin a potent anticancer and antimicrobial agent isolated from a novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain
Authors: Zaghloul Nourhan A. , Gouda Mona K. , Elbahloul Yasser , El Halfawy Nancy M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Azurin, a bacterial blue-copper protein, has garnered significant attention as a potential anticancer drug in recent years. Among twenty Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, we identified one isolate that demonstrated potent and remarkable azurin synthesis using the VITEK 2 system and 16S rRNA sequencing. The presence of the azurin gene was confirmed in the genomic DNA using specific oligonucleotide primers, and azurin expression was also detected in the synthesized cDNA, which revealed that the azurin expression is active. Furthermore, crude azurin protein was extracted, precipitated using 70% ammonium sulfate, dialyzed, and subjected to purification using carboxymethyl-Sephadex in affinity chromatography as a cheap method for purification. The partially purified azurin protein was characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Notably, qualitative elemental analysis by EDX showed the presence of copper and sulfur, corresponding to the copper-core and disulfide-bridge, respectively, in the purified azurin fraction. Moreover, FTIR spectroscopy revealed characteristic amide I and II absorption peaks (1500–1700 cm− 1), revealing the possible secondary structure of azurin. The results of NMR revealed the presence of characteristic amino acids such as methionine and cysteine, which confirmed the EDX results for sulfur-containing amino acids. Purified azurin exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, its anticancer properties were determined using the MTT assay and cell cycle analysis, revealing a preference for inhibiting the MCF7 breast cancer cell line where breast cancer is most common in Egypt. Overall, the research findings suggest that the local isolate, P. aeruginosa strain 105, could be a potential source of azurin protein for incorporation into cancer treatment strategies.
Decoding pan-cancer treatment outcomes using multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence
Authors: Keyl Julius , Keyl Philipp , Montavon Grégoire , Hosch René , Brehmer Alexander , Mochmann Liliana , Jurmeister Philipp , Dernbach Gabriel , Kim Moon , Koitka Sven , Bauer Sebastian , Bechrakis Nikolaos , Forsting Michael , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Glas Martin , Grünwald Viktor , Hadaschik Boris , Haubold Johannes , Herrmann Ken , Kasper Stefan , Kimmig Rainer , Lang Stephan , Rassaf Tienush , Roesch Alexander , Schadendorf Dirk , Siveke Jens T. , Stuschke Martin , Sure Ulrich , Totzeck Matthias , Welt Anja , Wiesweg Marcel , Baba Hideo A. , Nensa Felix , Egger Jan , Müller Klaus-Robert , Schuler Martin , Klauschen Frederick , Kleesiek Jens 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite advances in precision oncology, clinical decision-making still relies on limited variables and expert knowledge. To address this limitation, we combined multimodal real-world data and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) to introduce AI-derived (AID) markers for clinical decision support. We used xAI to decode the outcome of 15,726 patients across 38 solid cancer entities based on 350 markers, including clinical records, image-derived body compositions, and mutational tumor profiles. xAI determined the prognostic contribution of each clinical marker at the patient level and identified 114 key markers that accounted for 90% of the neural network’s decision process. Moreover, xAI enabled us to uncover 1,373 prognostic interactions between markers. Our approach was validated in an independent cohort of 3,288 patients with lung cancer from a US nationwide electronic health record-derived database. These results show the potential of xAI to transform the assessment of clinical variables and enable personalized, data-driven cancer care.
Real‐world UAV recognition based on radio frequency fingerprinting with transformer
Authors: Han Jia , Yu Zhiyong , Yang Jian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMany unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require the installation of automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast (ADS‐B) transponders to facilitate their daily management. However, since ADS‐B transponders do not have a good security mechanism, they introduce problems including impersonation, spoofing, and private changing of the registration number, making UAV surveillance inconvenient. Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) recognition is carried out by utilizing the fact that different electronic devices in a given transponder will affect the transmitted signals, resulting in the formation of RFF features that are unique to the transponder and difficult to forge. Therefore, in this work, a deep learning architecture is proposed to classify UAVs based on ADS‐B signals, and a multi‐head self‐attention RFF recognition model is constructed using variational mode decomposition (VMD) of the preamble data and a transformer encoder for validation. The model achieves better results in terms of noise, Doppler shifting, and multipath effect interference. This method demonstrates that the transformer architecture of natural language processing, combined with appropriate data preprocessing methods, can also be used for RFF recognition, and provides advantages in accuracy and robustness (67.83% vs. 64.17%).
A principal direction‐guided local voxelisation structural feature approach for point cloud registration
Authors: Li Chenyang , Duan Yansong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPoint cloud registration is a crucial aspect of computer vision and 3D reconstruction. Traditional registration methods often depend on global features or iterative optimisation, leading to inefficiencies and imprecise outcomes when processing complex scene point cloud data. To address these challenges, the authors introduce a principal direction‐guided local voxelisation structural feature (PDLVSF) approach for point cloud registration. This method reliably identifies feature points regardless of initial positioning. Approach begins with the 3D Harris algorithm to extract feature points, followed by determining the principal direction within the feature points' radius neighbourhood to ensure rotational invariance. For scale invariance, voxel grid normalisation is utilised to maximise the point cloud's geometric resolution and make it scale‐independent. Cosine similarity is then employed for effective feature matching, identifying corresponding feature point pairs and determining transformation parameters between point clouds. Experimental validations on various datasets, including the real terrain dataset, demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Results indicate superior performance in root mean square error (RMSE) and registration accuracy compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods, particularly in scenarios with high noise, limited overlap, and significant initial pose rotation. The real terrain dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/black‐2000/Real‐terrain‐data.
DarwinSync: An adaptive time step execution framework for large‐scale neuromorphic systems
Authors: Jin Xiaofei , Gu Zonghua , Li Yitao , Kang Ziyang , Hu Youneng , Tang Huajin , Pan Gang , Ma De 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe time step functions as a crucial temporal unit for simulating neuronal dynamics within spiking neural networks, which play a significant role in neuromorphic computing systems. Efficient management of these time steps is vital to ensure model accuracy while optimizing overall system performance. As system scale increases, variations in hardware across subsystems and their asynchronous operations create challenges in achieving effective time step control. To address this issue, this paper proposes an innovative framework for managing time steps in large‐scale neuromorphic systems. This framework allows subsystems to dynamically adjust their time step lengths according to computational loads and to perform look‐ahead computations. Such a strategy effectively reduces the overhead related to time step synchronization, enhancing system efficiency. Additionally, the paper introduces a safeguard mechanism to ensure the system's reliability. Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework sustains the correct long‐term operation of the system and improves model execution performance by 8.88% to 27.15% when compared to existing methods.
Searching for signatures of Fe II atomic processes in spectra of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kovačević-Dojčinović Jelena , Dojčinović Ivan , Lakićević Maša , Popović Luka Č. 
Published: January 2025

Aims. We use a large sample of Type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) spectra in order to investigate which atomic processes are responsible for some observed properties of the Fe II emission lines and how they are connected with macroscopic physical characteristics of AGN emission regions. We especially focus on the violated relative intensities between different optical Fe II lines, whose relative strengths do not follow the expected values according to atomic parameters. We investigated the connection between this effect and the ratio of optical to UV Fe II lines (Fe IIopt/Fe IIUV).
Methods. We divided the optical Fe II lines into two large line groups: consistent (Fe IIcons), whose relative intensities are in accordance with their atomic properties, and inconsistent (Fe IIincons), whose relative intensities are significantly stronger than theoretically expected. We fitted the spectra with a flexible and complex optical Fe II model, where both consistent and inconsistent Fe II lines were divided into several line groups according to their atomic characteristics and fitted independently in order to obtain more empirical clues about their properties. We focused particularly on understanding the processes that produce strong inconsistent Fe II lines, and therefore, we investigated their correlations with Fe IIcons as well as with UV Fe II lines and some measured spectral parameters.
Results. The ratios of Fe IIincons/Fe IIcons and Fe IIopt/Fe IIUV increase as the Eddington ratio increases and as the line widths decrease. It is possible that both ratios are affected by the process of self-absorption of stronger lines, which is responsible for the transmission of energy from the UV to the optical Fe II emission lines and, analogously, from the Fe IIcons to the Fe IIincons lines. In this scenario, the high Eddington ratio causes an increase in the optical depth in Fe II lines, which results in the triggering of the process of self-absorption. Measured average widths for different Fe II line groups indicate the stratification of the optical Fe II emission region. This implies that the observed Fe II spectrum is probably a complex mixture of radiation from emission regions with different physical conditions and distances from the black hole.
A theoretical framework for BL Her stars
Authors: Das Susmita , Molnár László , Kovács Gábor B. , Smolec Radoslaw , Joyce Meridith , Kanbur Shashi M. , Szklenár Tamás , Bhardwaj Anupam , Singh Harinder P. , Marconi Marcella , Ripepi Vincenzo 
Published: January 2025

Context. In the era of precision stellar astrophysics, classical pulsating stars play a crucial role in determinations of the cosmological distance scale thanks to their period-luminosity (PL) relations. Therefore, it is important to constrain their stellar evolution and pulsation models not only through a comparison of empirical and theoretical PL relations and properties at mean light, but also using their light curve structure over the complete pulsation cycle.
Aims. We carried out an extensive light curve comparison of BL Her stars using observations from Gaia DR3 and stellar pulsation models computed using MESA-RSP with the goal of obtaining the best-matched observed-model pairs for BL Her stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC).
Methods. We used the Fourier decomposition technique to analyze the light curves in the G band obtained from Gaia DR3 and from MESA-RSP and used a robust light-curve-fitting approach to score the observed-model pairs with respect to their pulsation periods and over their Fourier parameter space.
Results. We obtain the best-fit models for 48 BL Her stars in the LMC and thereby provide the stellar parameter estimates of these stars, 30 of which we classify as our “gold sample” due to their superior light curve fits. We find a relatively flat distribution of stellar masses between 0.5 and 0.65 M⊙ for the gold sample of observed-model pairs. An interesting result is that the majority of the best-matched models in the gold sample were computed using the convection parameter sets without radiative cooling. The period-Wesenheit (PW) relation for the best-matched gold sample of 30 BL Her models has a slope of −2.805 ± 0.164 and the corresponding period-radius relation a slope of 0.565 ± 0.035, both in good agreement with the empirical PW and period-radius slopes from BL Her stars in the LMC, respectively. We also used the Wesenheit magnitudes of the 30 best-matched observed-model pairs to estimate a distance modulus of μLMC = 18.582 ± 0.067 to the LMC, which lies within the bounds of previous literature values. We also discuss the degeneracy in the stellar parameters of the BL Her models that result in similar pulsation periods and light curve structure, and highlight that caution must be exercised while using the stellar parameter estimates.
Planetesimal formation in a pressure bump induced by infall
Authors: Zhao Haichen , Lau Tommy Chi Ho , Birnstiel Tilman , Stammler Sebastian M. , Dra̧żkowska Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Context. Infall of interstellar material is a potential non-planetary origin of pressure bumps in protoplanetary disks. While pressure bumps arising from other mechanisms have been numerically demonstrated to promote planet formation, the impact of infall-induced pressure bumps remains unexplored.
Aims. We aim to investigate the potential for planetesimal formation in an infall-induced pressure bump, starting with sub-micrometer-sized dust grains, and to identify the conditions most conducive to triggering this process.
Methods. We developed a numerical model that integrates axisymmetric infall, dust drift, and dust coagulation, along with planetesimal formation via streaming instability. Our parameter space includes gas viscosity, dust fragmentation velocity, initial disk mass, characteristic disk radius, infall rate and duration, as well as the location and width of the infall region.
Results. An infall-induced pressure bump can trap dust from both the infalling material and the outer disk, promoting dust growth. The locally enhanced dust-to-gas ratio triggers streaming instability, forming a planetesimal belt inside the central infall location until the pressure bump is smoothed out by viscous gas diffusion. Planetesimal formation is favored by a massive, narrow streamer infalling onto a low-viscosity, low-mass, and spatially extended disk containing dust with a high fragmentation velocity. This configuration enhances the outward drift speed of dust on the inner side of the pressure bump, while also ensuring the prolonged persistence of the pressure bump. Planetesimal formation can occur even if the infalling material consists solely of gas.
Conclusions. A pressure bump induced by infall is a favorable site for dust growth and planetesimal formation, and this mechanism does not require a preexisting massive planet to create the bump.
Anti-platelet Factor 4 Antibody-Mediated Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review
Authors: Napolitano Angela , Spiezia Luca , Biolo Marta , Radu Claudia Maria , Toffanin Serena , Campello Elena , Simioni Paolo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibody-mediated disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the presence of highly pathogenic immunoglobulins G directed against PF4 and/or PF4/heparin complexes. These antibodies are able to activate platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes, thus resulting in thrombocytopenia and a hypercoagulable state. Five different forms of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders have been identified: (1) classic heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) mediated by heparin and certain polyanionic drugs; (2) autoimmune HIT characterized by the presence of anti-PFA/polyanion antibodies that can strongly activate platelets even in the absence of heparin; (3) spontaneous HIT characterized by thrombocytopenia and thrombosis without proximate exposure to heparin, with two subtypes: (a) post-total knee arthroplasty and cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and (b) postinfections; (4) vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) characterized by thrombocytopenia, arterial and venous thrombosis, or secondary hemorrhage after receiving adenoviral vector vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019; (5) VITT-like disorders triggered by adenoviral infections. Although extremely rare and largely unknown, there has been growing interest in the VITT syndrome in recent years due to its clinical relevance. Timely detection of these antibodies is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders, via anti-PF4 antibody immunoassays using several antibody capture systems (e.g., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based, particle gel, turbidimetry) and functional assays (e.g., serotonin release assay or heparin-induced platelet activation). We aimed to present the latest on laboratory findings, clinical characteristics, and therapeutic approaches for anti-PF4 antibody-mediated disorders.
Comments on ‘Combined static and sliding friction on an inclined plane’
Authors: Kwang-Hua Chu A , Liu Shengjun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We make some crucial remarks about the recent presentation by Cross [Eur. J. Phys. 44 (2023) 055 006] for pedagogical purposes considering the above mentioned results. Most of the statements relevant to figure 2 of the above mentioned paper are of doubt to us. Our proposed amendments or corrections are useful for researchers as well as undergraduate physics students.
Interface trap dynamics and thermal effects in novel junctionless dual gate inverted-U-shaped FinFETs for sub-5 nm node: device to circuit level implementation
Authors: Bandi Bhanu Prakash , Sornapudi Uday Sankar Srinivas , Valasa Sresta , Kotha Venkata Ramakrishna , Bhukya Sunitha , Mudidhe Praveen Kumar , Tayal Shubham , Vadthiya Narendar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this manuscript, for the first time, we explore the influence of interface trap charges (ITCs) on the novel junctionless dual gate inverted U-shaped FinFET device targeting the sub-5 nm technology node. The study mainly explores: (a) influence of acceptor and donor ITCs; (b) influence of temperature effects; (c) combined effects of temperature (250–350 K) and ITCs concentration variation (2 × 1012 cm−2–8 × 1012 cm−2); (d) design of single stage common source (CS) amplifier for analog IC applications. It is noticed that the presence of acceptor traps improves the digital and RF performance at higher V
GS, whereas donor traps enhance the analog performance of the designed device. An improvement (reduction) of ∼12.09% (∼17.33%) in I
ON is noticed for donor (acceptor) traps. the I
ON/I
OFF ratio is noticed to be improved (∼1011) for acceptor traps in comparison with donor traps (∼107) and no traps (∼109). The analog/RF figure of merits for temperature and ITCs variations is extracted at 100 nA µm−1 to target the low power applications. It is noticed that lowering the temperatures for the designed device is not suggestable for analog/RF performance as it degrades the device performance except for A
V whereas well suitable to improve the digital performance. Moreover, increasing the acceptor and donor trap concentrations degraded both the digital, and analog/RF metrics of the device. Further, the CS amplifier produced near equal gains for no trap, acceptor trap, and donor traps indicating that the CS amplifier circuit is resilient to traps and adopted into analog IC applications.