bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic analysis of a mastitis monitoring and control program in four dairy herds
Authors: Morin Dawn E. , Petersen Gordon C. , Whitmore Howard L. , Hungerford Laura L. , Hinton Royce A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Mastitis monitoring and control programs were instituted in 4 Illinois dairy herds for 12 months. Two herds had high mean monthly bulk tank somatic cell counts (> 490,000 cells/ml) and 2 had low mean monthly bulk tank somatic cell counts (< 260,000 cells/ml) at the start of the study. The mastitis monitoring and control programs included mandatory mastitis control measures, as well as individualized control measures that were based on results of bacterial cultures of milk, bulk tank milk analyses, milking machine and milking procedure evaluations, and environmental inspections in each herd. Changes in mastitis prevalence, clinical mastitis incidence, milk yield, and individual cow somatic cell counts were evaluated, and an economic analysis was performed for each herd.
Mastitis-associated economic losses during the study period ranged from $161.79 to $344.16/lactating cow in the 4 herds. Gross economic benefits resulted when mastitis-associated losses were lower with the monitoring and control program than predicted without it. There were no gross economic benefits in the herds with low somatic cell counts, and, when the marginal costs of the programs were added, there were large net losses ($84.06 and $113.01/lactating cow) in those herds. Gross economic benefits resulted in both of the herds with high somatic cell counts. However, in 1 of the herds, the marginal costs of the program exceeded the benefits, resulting in a net loss of $12.96/lactating cow. The net loss was attributed primarily to poor producer compliance with recommendations. There was a net economic benefit of $19.11/lactating cow in the other herd with high somatic cell counts, in which producer compliance was better. The study demonstrates the need for more research to identify mastitis control measures that are both effective and economical in herds with low somatic cell counts.
Effects of oral administration of a calcium-containing gel on serum calcium concentration in postparturient dairy cows
Authors: Queen W. Gregory , Miller Gay Y. , Masterson Margaret A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Various nutrious nutritional-supplement gels are being marketed for use in veterinary medicine. This study was designed to determine whether serum calcium, phosphorous, or magnesium concentrations were different between cows given a gel containing calcium chloride as its active ingredient (treated) and cows given inert carrier gel (control). The study revealed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum total calcium concentration within 5 minutes of administration of a calcium gel given to cows within 1 hour of parturition. Serum total calcium concentration had returned to baseline value by 24 hours after calcium gel administration. Serum inorganic phosphorus concentration also increased significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment. Significant changes in serum magnesium concentrations were not detected.
Comparison of intradermal allergy test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in dogs with allergic skin disease
Authors: Codner Ellen C. , Lessard Pierre 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Results of an elisa for allergen-specific IgE were compared with results of an intradermal (id) allergy test in 5 clinically normal dogs and 36 dogs referred for evaluation of allergic dermatitis. The elisa had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 0%. Agreement between id allergy test and elisa for positive and negative results ranged from 44 to 56% for pollens, 39% for house dust/dust mite, 22% for fungi, and 54% for fleas. Agreement between id allergy test and elisa scores for all pollens was only 10% greater than that expected by chance alone, and a κ value of 0.17 confirmed poor test agreement. The greatest disparity in results was seen in dogs with negative id and positive elisa results.
Median elisa absorbance values for 15 groups of related allergens were compared in 4 groups of dogs: clinically normal dogs, atopic dogs with positive id reactivity, suspected atopic dogs with negative id reactivity, and flea-allergic dogs. There was no significant difference in median elisa values between clinically normal dogs and flea-allergic dogs, or clinically normal dogs and atopic dogs for any allergen group. Although the elisa absorbance value for fungal antigens was significantly higher in dogs suspected of being atopic than in clinically normal dogs, there was no significant difference in median elisa values for any other allergen group.
These findings suggested the disparity between id allergy test and elisa results was primarily attributable to false-positive elisa reactions rather than greater elisa sensitivity. The cause for the high false-positive rate in the elisa was unknown, but did not appear to be induced by flea allergy. The elisa should not be used to confirm a diagnosis of atopy or to identify allergens for hyposensitization, because of poor test specificity. However, a negative elisa result may reliably rule out a diagnosis of atopy.
Cholelithiasis in dogs: 29 cases (1980-1990)
Authors: Kirpensteijn Jolle , Fingland Roger B. , Ulrich Tim , Sikkema Deborah A. , Allen Sheila W. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Medical records of 29 dogs with cholelithiasis were reviewed. Aged female small-breed dogs were overrepresented. Mean age was 9.5 years, and mean weight was 12 kg. Vomiting, anorexia, weakness, polyuria/polydipsia, weight loss, icterus, fever, and signs of abdominal pain were the most common clinical signs. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia with left shift, monocytosis, high activity of serum hepatic enzymes, hypoalbuminemia, and high concentrations of serum total bilirubin were common. Radiopaque choleliths were evident on abdominal radiography of 13 of 27 dogs. Microbial culturing of bile isolated organisms in 15 of 20 dogs. Gram-negative bacteria were most common.
Surgery was performed in 22 dogs. Four dogs were treated medically, and 3 dogs were euthanatized without treatment. Surgical treatment consisted of cholecystectomy in 11 dogs, choledochotomy in 5 dogs, cholecystotomy in 4 dogs, and cholecystojejunostomy in 1 dog. Sphincter of Oddiotomy was performed in 1 dog. Five dogs had concurrent generalized peritonitis attributable to bile. Multiple choleliths were detected in most of the dogs. Choleliths were located in the gallbladder in 20 dogs and in the bile ducts in 14 dogs. The most common abnormalities of the gallbladder, identified histologically, were chronic cholecystitis, mucosal hyperplasia, and pericholecystic inflammation. The most common abnormalities of the liver were cholestasis, hepatocellular degeneration, and periportal fibrosis. Survival rate of dogs that underwent cholecystectomy tended to be higher (86%) than that of dogs treated via cholecystotomy (50%) or cholecystectomy in combination with choledochotomy (33%). Dogs that underwent medical treatment, abdominal exploratory, cholecystojenunostomy, choledochotomy, and sphincter of Oddiotomy died or were euthanatized because of redevelopment of clinical signs associated with cholelithiasis. None of the 9 surviving dogs had return of signs associated with cholelithiasis. Cholecystectomy in combination with antibiotic administration appeared to be the treatment associated with the lowest morbidity and mortality in dogs with clinically evident cholelithiasis.
Prevalence of nephrotoxicosis associated with a four-hour saline solution diuresis protocol for the administration of cisplatin to dogs with naturally developing neoplasms
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Straw Rodney C. , Jameson Vicki J. , Walters Lisa M. , Lafferty Mary , Powers Barbara E. , Henkel Susan E. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
We evaluated the development of nephrotoxicosis in 64 dogs with malignant neoplasia given cisplatin during 4-hour saline solution diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface area, iv, q 21 d) was given to 8 dogs once, 22 dogs twice, 9 dogs 3 times, and 25 dogs 4 times. For each treatment, cisplatin was given over a 20-minute period after saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered iv for 3 hours at a rate of 25 ml/kg/h. After cisplatin infusion, saline solution diuresis was continued at the same rate for 1 hour. Before each treatment with cisplatin, the dogs were evaluated by conducting a physical examination, cbc, and analysis of serum urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, and in most cases, serum phosphorus concentration and urine specific gravity were determined. Exogenous creatinine clearance also was evaluated in 8 dogs prior to 1 (n = 8), 2 (n = 8), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 4) treatments. Five (7.8%) of 64 dogs developed clinically evident renal disease after two (n = 3) and three (n = 2) doses of cisplatin. Two of the 5 dogs had preexisting diseases of the urinary tract prior to the start of treatment. Survival time in dogs that developed renal disease (median, 114 days; range, 26 to 273 days) was similar to that of all dogs in this study (median, 145 days; range, 5 to 586 days), with 30 dogs still alive at the conclusion of the study. Three of the 5 dogs that developed renal disease were alive at the conclusion of the study, 1 died of tumor-related causes, and another died as a direct result of nephrotoxicosis. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in median neutrophil counts and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in median creatinine concentrations prior to the third and fourth treatments, compared with pretreatment values. Therefore, the 4-hour saline solution diuresis protocol used in this study to administer up to 4 doses of cisplatin appeared to be effective in preventing clinically apparent nephrotoxicosis in dogs with tumors and without preexisting urinary tract disease.
Comparison of french-pezzar and Malecot catheters for percutaneously placed gastrostomy tubes in cats
Authors: DeBowes Linda J. , Coyne Bonnie , Layton Candace E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Gastrostomy tubes were placed percutaneously in 28 cats by use of an endoscope. French-pezzar mushroom-tip catheters were used for 14 of the procedures, and Malecot catheters were used for the remainder. Inner flanges were not used in gastrostomy tube placement. The french-pezzar catheters remained in place and functional for 2 weeks in all 14 cats. The Malecot catheters remained in place and functional for 2 weeks in 4 cats. Malecot catheters pulled out in 10 cats, and 2 of these cats died or were euthanatized because of complications. The gastrostomy tubes were removed in 18 cats 2 weeks after placement by applying gentle, steady traction and removing the entire catheter or by cutting the tube flush with the skin and leaving the catheter tip in the cat's stomach. Neither method of removal was associated with problems.
Effects of administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin on the responses of lactating and nonlactating cows to heat stress
Authors: Cole J. A. , Hansen P. J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An experiment was performed to determine whether bovine somatotropin (bst) increases the severity of responses to heat stress and whether this effect depends on an increase in milk yield. Lactating and nonlactating cows received daily sc injections of bst (25 mg) or sodium phosphate solution for 12 days. Rectal temperatures and respiration patterns were not affected by BST when cows were maintained in a thermoneutral environment on day 9 of treatment. On day 12, cows were heat stressed by exposure to direct solar radiation. Rectal temperature, respiration rate, and the frequency of open-mouth panting increased as a result of heat stress. For lactating and nonlactating cows, those treated with bst had higher rectal temperatures and rate of open-mouth panting than cows treated with sodium phosphate solution. Administration of bst can increase the severity of responses of cows to heat stress without changing milk yield.
Urolithiasis in Dalmatians: 275 cases (1981-1990)
Authors: Case Lisa C. , Ling Gerald V. , Ruby Annette L. , Johnson Deedra L. , Franti Charles E. , Stevens Fredric 
Published: December 2023

Summary
From July 1, 1981 to December 31, 1990 the Urinary Stone Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California received 292 urinary calculi from 275 Dalmatians (14 females, 14 episodes; 261 males, 278 episodes). The mean age of dogs at the time of the first episode of calculus formation was 4.5 years for males and 5.5 years for females. Bacteria were isolated from 22 of 49 calculi (45%). The bacteria were gram-positive with 2 exceptions; coagulase-positive staphylococci accounted for 62.5% of the isolates. Polarized light microscopy was used to determine the mineral content of the calculi. One hundred ninety three calculi were 100% urate; 78 calculi contained ≥ 50% urate in 1 or more layers and were classified as mixed urate calculi; 7 calculi contained < 50% urate in all layers; and 14 calculi contained no urate. The secondary minerals most commonly encountered in mixed urate calculi were struvite (77%, 60 of 78 calculi), and oxalate (17%, 13 of 78 calculi). There were 65 struvite-containing calculi, 16 oxalate-containing calculi, 7 apatite-containing calculi, 5 silica-containing calculi, and 1 calculus specimen was composed of 100% cystine. The risk of forming urate-containing calculi was high in Dalmatians, whereas the risk of forming calculi containing other minerals was consistently lower in Dalmatians than in other breeds. X-ray diffraction and high pressure liquid chromatography were performed on all calculi from dogs known to have been given allopurinol (n = 19). One hundred percent of these calculi were found to contain xanthine or other compounds related to administration of allopurinol (eg, hypoxanthine, allopurinol, or oxypurinol).
Complications after ultrasound-guided biopsy of abdominal structures in dogs and cats: 246 cases (1984-1991)
Authors: Léveillé Renée , Partington Beth Paugh , Biller David S. , Miyabayashi Takayoshi 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 195 dogs and 51 cats that underwent a total of 233 ultrasound-guided biopsies and 70 ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirations were reviewed for diagnostic quality of the specimens obtained and for procedural complications. Three animals (1.2%) had major postbiopsy complications. All 233 animals that underwent ultrasound-guided biopsy were examined ultrasonographically immediately after biopsy. Thirteen (5.6%) were determined to have minor localized hemorrhage. Of the 233 biopsy specimens, 226 (97%) were considered to be of adequate quality for histologic interpretation. Results of cytologic examination of 59 (84.3%) of 70 specimens obtained by fine-needle aspiration correlated with the final diagnosis made during surgical exploration or at necropsy.
Comparison of pentobarbital alone and pentobarbital in combination with lidocaine for euthanasia of dogs
Authors: Evans A. Thomas , Broadstone Richard , Stapleton James , Hooks Toni M. , Johnston Sharon Marie , McNeil Judith R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Pentobarbital alone, pentobarbital plus 1% lidocaine solution, pentobarbital plus 2% lidocaine solution, and pentobarbital plus 3% lidocaine solution were each used to euthanatize 6 dogs. For each dog, time between the beginning of injection of the euthanasia solution and each of the following events was recorded: collapse, onset of apnea, flat-line electrocardiogram, flat-line electroencephalogram, loss of palpable heartbeat, and loss of palpable pulse. Any signs of pain or discomfort were also recorded.
There were no significant differences among groups except for time to flat-line electrocardiogram. Dogs euthanatized with pentobarbital alone had significantly longer times than did dogs euthanatized with pentobarbital in combination with any of the lidocaine concentrations. We concluded that pentobarbital in combination with lidocaine was a reasonable alternative to pentobarbital alone when euthanatizing dogs.
Effect of an orally administered sulfonylurea, glipizide, for treatment of diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors: Nelson R. W. , Feldman E. C. , Ford S. L. , Roemer O. P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
An orally administered sulfonylurea drug, glipizide, was evaluated for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Confirmation of diabetes was based on evidence of appropriate clinical signs, persistent hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. Glipizide (5 mg, PO, q 12 h) was administered to each cat. Sixteen cats were fed a commercial high-fiber diet and 4 cats were fed a commercial low-fiber diet. Insulin was not administered to any cat during the study. Each cat was evaluated 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after initiation of treatment.
Three clinical responses to glipizide treatment were identified. Mean preprandial blood glucose concentration and mean blood glucose concentration during an 8-hour postprandial period decreased to < 200 mg/dl in 5 of 20 (25%) cats. In these 5 cats, glucosuria was no longer detected and clinical signs resolved by the 4-week reevaluation. Euglycemia was maintained after discontinuing glipizide treatment in 2 of these 5 cats. Glycemic control has been maintained in 2 of 5 of the responding cats for 5 and 7 months of glipizide treatment. One of 5 of the responding cats developed insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus after 6 months of glipizide treatment. Seven of 20 (35%) cats failed to respond to treatment. Mean preprandial blood glucose concentration and mean blood glucose concentration during an 8-hour postprandial period did not change from pretreatment values after 2 ± 1 months; glucosuria persisted and clinical signs progressively worsened. Insulin treatment was required to establish glycemic control in these 7 cats. Eight of 20 (40%) cats partially responded to glipizide treatment. Clinical signs and abnormalities identified on physical examination improved, and mean preprandial blood glucose concentration and mean blood glucose concentration during an 8-hour postprandial period decreased by 146 ± 105 and 110 ± 50 mg/dl, respectively, at the 12 week reevaluation, compared with pretreatment values, but blood glucose concentrations remained > 200 mg/dl and glucosuria persisted. These cats were treated with glipizide for a mean of 12 months (range, 7 to 21 months).
Adverse reactions to treatment included vomiting shortly after administration of glipizide (3 cats), hypoglycemia (3 cats), and increased serum hepatic enzyme activities (3 cats). Retrospective analysis of information obtained from the 20 cats at the time of entry into the study failed to identify any consistent factor that could be used to predict the cats’ response to glipizide treatment. Results of the study indicated that glipizide may be a viable alternative to insulin for treatment of diabetes mellitus in some cats.
Irradiation of nonlymphoproliferative neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in 16 cats
Authors: Théon A. P. , Peaston A. E. , Madewell B. R. , Dungworth D. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sixteen cats with malignant tumors (10 carcinomas, 6 sarcomas) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were treated with curative intent by radiotherapy. Clinical staging was based on radiographic findings, using the tumor, node, metastasis classification system of the World Health Organization. Irradiation was done with a telecobalt-60 unit (13 cats) and an orthovoltage unit (3 cats). Fourteen cats were treated with irradiation alone, and 2 cats had incomplete surgical resections prior to radiotherapy. Treatment dose was 48 Gy (minimum tumor dose), administered by use of 4 Gy per fraction on a Monday/Wednesday/Friday basis over 4 weeks. Survival times after treatment ranged from 1 to 36 months. The 1- and 2-year overall survival rates were 44.3 and 16.6%, respectively. Histologic type and clinical stage did not have prognostic value. Most acute radiation reactions were mild and self-limiting. Chronic ocular complications were seen in 3 cats. These treatment responses compared favorably with those previously described in dogs and cats with intranasal neoplasms treated with teletherapy and provided a perspective for comparison of new treatment methods.
Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the performance of various radiographic protocols when screening dogs for pulmonary metastases
Authors: Barthez Paul Y. , Hornof William J. , Théon Alain P. , Craychee Thérèse J. , Morgan Joe P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Five radiographic protocols for detecting pulmonary metastases in dogs were compared by analyzing receiver operating characteristic curves for the protocols. Protocols compared were a right lateral view only, a left lateral view only, right lateral and dorso- ventral views, both lateral views, and all 3 views. Three radiologists used each of the protocols to evaluate 99 sets of thoracic radiographs. Fifty-two sets of radiographs were from dogs confirmed histologically to have pulmonary metastases and 47 were from dogs proven at necropsy to be free of pulmonary metastases. Results of the 5 protocols were not statistically different. We concluded that a third view is not necessary when routinely screening dogs with cancer for pulmonary metastases and that the standard 2-view thoracic examination should be adequate. However, in individual cases, a third view may be the determining factor in establishing a radiographic diagnosis and should be obtained if any suspicious areas are seen.
Serologic response of pups to the low-passage, modified-live canine parvovirus-2 component in a combination vaccine
Authors: O’Brien Susan E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty pups from a general pet population were vaccinated for canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), using a low-passage, modified-live cpv-2 in a combination vaccine, every 3 weeks until the pups were between 11 and 18 weeks old. Canine parvovirus-2 antibody titers were measured by means of serum neutralization (sn) immediately before each vaccination and ≥ 2 weeks after final vaccination. Thirteen pups that were initially seronegative (sn titer < 2 for cpv-2) developed protective titers (sn titer ≥ 16) after 1 to 3 doses of the vaccine, administered when the pups were between 8 and 17 weeks old; 11 of the 13 developed protective titers after the first dose. Seventeen pups were initially seropositive for cpv-2 (sn titer ≥ 2). Of these, 8 initially had titers < 16 and 3 others had titers that fell to < 16 during the study. Nine (82%) of these 11 pups developed protective titers. Results indicated that pups at high risk for cpv-2 disease should be vaccinated until 18 to 20 weeks old, even when the low-passage vaccine is used. Pups at lower risk of cpv-2 disease should be vaccinated periodically until 16 weeks old.