bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cat's choose 30% of their calories as protein which is associated with both body composition and circulating metabolites
Authors: Jewell Dennis Edward , Vondran Jodi C. , Vanchina Melissa A. 
Published: November 2023

As in other mammals, domestic cats have specific taste preferences that can be influenced by macronutrient composition and physical characteristics of food as well as the presence or absence of specific taste imparting compounds (palatability enhancers). This study investigated the relationship of body composition and food choice and that choice on subsequent metabolomic shifts. Experimental foods were prepared with similar palatability for a population (as evaluated by the ratio of the test food to the total daily food consumed [grams test/(grams test+grams control)] through manipulations of factors independent of macronutrients. These foods with similar palatability preference for the population as a whole were then investigated for intake choice with 27 cats with varying adiposity (mean 24.4% fat, min 7.2%, max 32.2%). Four completely balanced foods were available to the cats at all times. The four foods were: a) a food with 42% of calories from protein, b) 43% calories from fat, c) 52% calories from carbohydrate and, d) intermediate levels of calories from protein, fat and carbohydrate. Cats chose 30.3% of calories from protein (Std Dev 4%, min 24% max 38%). Body composition was associated with the choice of percent calories as protein (p=0.008); lean body mass had a linear negative association (p=0.02), as did fat mass (p=0.04) while there was a positive association for the interaction (p=0.02). Overall cats with high body lean and high body fat showed the highest preference for dietary protein. There was a positive association between the percent of calories as protein and urea cycle metabolites (arginine, n‐acetyl arginine, n‐delta ornithine) while increasing calories from protein were negatively associated with specific metabolites in the TCA cycle (isocitrate, alpha ketoglutarate). There was a negative correlation between percent of calories consumed as protein and that consumed as carbohydrate (r=0.84; p<0.001) with only a slight relationships between either protein or carbohydrate calories and percent of calories consumed as fat (p≥ 0.1). However, there was a positive relationship between protein intake and a number of long chain unsaturated fatty acids (oleate, arachidate and docosapentaenoate). In summary, when given the opportunity to choose between foods which had similar palatability cats chose to consume 30.3% of their calories as protein and had specific preferences related to body composition. These intake preferences were associated with metabolic changes reflecting metabolic shifts.Support or Funding InformationHill's Pet Nutrition, Inc.
Transgenerational Effects of High Salt Diet During Gestation
Authors: Peres Maria Angélica , de Oliveira Ivone Braga , Furukawa Luzia Naoko Shinohara , Heimann Joel 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe influence of high salt intake during gestation on the offspring was observed in several studies. It is also known that a phenotype can be transmitted from one generation to the next one without alterations in the DNA sequence. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that the effects of high salt ingestion during pregnancy can be transmitted to generations F2 and F3. Therefore, gene expression and DNA methylation of some components of RAS system as well as gene 11beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD), involved in glucocorticoid conversion, were evaluated.Material and MethodsFemale Wistar rats were fed with normal (N) or hight (H) salt diet during pregnancy. Afterwards, all animals were fed with N, until the third generation. Body and organ mass, gene expression (RT‐qPCR) and methylation (High Resolution Melting – in progress), were evaluated in three generations of males.Resultsdata presented as mean±SEM. TableNo differences between H and N were observed in AT1a, ACE (angiotensin conversion enzyme) and HSD11β2 DNA methylation in the kidney of F1.DiscussionHigh salt intake during pregnancy has a transgenerational effect on kidneys, testis and white adipose tissue growth. The gene expressions that were evaluated were influenced by the maternal dietary salt content in a variable manner in the offspring along three generations.Support or Funding InformationThis study was supported by FAPESP (2012/22415‐5, 2012/22801‐2)

Variable \ Generation
FI
F2
F3

Body weight (g)
N
458.8±8.64
492.7±11.03
455.1±11.75

H
438.1±8.54
464.3±7.86*
475.4±8.54

Right kidney mass (g/100g BW)
N
0.32±0.004
0.33±0.008
0.33±0.005

H
0.36±0.007*
0.35±0.004*
0.34±0.005*

Left kidney mass (g/100g BW)
N
0.33±0.007
0.32±0.007
0.33±0.005

H
0.36±0.007*
0.34±0.005*
0.34±0.003*

Left testis mass (g/100g BW)
N
0.35±0.01
0.36±0.008
0.39±0.001

H
0.39±0.01*
0.39±0.009*
0.36±0.007*

Retro peritoneal fat mass (g/100g BW)Kidney gene expression
N
0.50±0.10
0.76±0.05
0.68±0.006

H
0.82±0.06*
0.73±0.06*
0.88±0.006*

AT1a
N
0.82±0.27
1.28±0.39
0.93±0.10

H
1.80±0.43*
1.33±0.24
1.06±0.15

AGT
N
0.85±0.21
1.00±0.11
1.60±0.17

H
1.51±0.24
0.87±0.10
0.96±0.23*

HSD11β2
N
1.03±0.43
1.03±0.11
0.97±0.16

H
1.65±0.28*
1.33±0.22
1.11±0.18

difference between groups (N vs. H) ‐p≤0.05. Number of animals: F1 (N=9;H=6), F2 (N=12;H=19) and F3 (N=11;H=16).
AT1a=angiotensin II receptor 1a; AGT=angiotensinogen.
Barriers to Nutritional Counseling by a Registered Dietitian for People Living with HIV (PLWH)
Authors: Fleetwood Christina D , Campa Adriana , Martinez Sabrina , Charlesworth Aimee , Alvarado Glenda , Dizon Kimberly , Li Tan , Huffman Fatma G , Baum Marianna 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePeople living with HIV (PLWH) face multiple barriers to access treatments, experiencing unmet medical and ancillary service needs. The purpose of this study was to determine the barriers that affect adequacy of dietary intake and impede attendance and compliance with nutritional counseling sessions with a Registered Dietitian (RD).MethodsAfter consent, a subsample of the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort consisting of 130 consecutively recruited HIV‐positive study participants completed a survey regarding nutritional services, barriers to services and compliance with visits. In addition, healthcare workers that provide services to PLWH, completed a survey to determine barriers preventing these caregivers from making referrals for dietary counseling. Student t‐tests and chi‐square were used to analyze data on barriers. Spearman rank correlations were used to estimate associations between identified barriers and other categorical outcome variables that affect attendance with an RD.ResultsOf the 130 participants surveyed, 46.2% reported nutritional counseling with an RD in the previous 12‐months. Although 75.4% of all participants have seen an RD in the past, more than half of them (53.8%) were not receiving nutritional services. The most trusted sources (68.5%) of nutritional information were equally the Physician and RD. HIV‐positive participants were more frequently interested in learning about the following topics: weight concerns (73.1%), shopping healthy (72.3%) and on a budget (70.3%). The most identified barriers to participating were difficulty in keeping appointments (33.8%), location (24.6%) and lack of referral to services (23.8%). Barriers that the participants identified towards nutritional counseling were highly correlated with each other. Barriers affecting the referrals to RD's from HIV health professionals included that the patient was not interested, education level, and patient not requesting the services.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the majority of PLWH in Miami‐Dade County have received some nutritional counseling with an RD at some point after HIV diagnosis. The most commonly identified barriers to access nutritional care can be overcome by providing education to healthcare providers and patients, facilitating transportation, and providing locations closer to the places where they are receiving medical treatment to make it more convenient.
No Differential Effect of Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, High‐fructose Corn Syrup, or Glucose on Systemic Inflammation in Healthy, Normal Weight or Obese Individuals: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kuzma Jessica , Cromer Gail , Hagman Derek , Breymeyer Kara , Roth Christian , Foster‐Schubert Karen , Holte Sarah , Weigle David , Kratz Mario 
Published: November 2023

Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, both independently and through increased body weight. Chronic, low‐grade inflammation is associated with these diseases and with obesity. Based on observational data suggesting SSBs promote inflammation, we conducted a randomized, controlled, double‐blind cross‐over intervention to determine whether fructose vs. glucose vs. high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS)‐sweetened beverages differentially influence biomarkers of systemic inflammation. Based on rodent data showing that fructose triggers intestinal permeability, we also assessed whether SSBs influence biomarkers of gut barrier function. Subjects (24 healthy adults) consumed a standardized diet ad libitum for three 8‐day dietary periods while drinking four servings per day of beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, or HFCS (55% fructose, 45% glucose), comprising 25% of estimated calorie requirements (consumption mandatory). On average, subjects consumed 116% of their estimated calorie requirement while drinking these beverages, with no difference in total energy intake between groups. C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations did not change significantly while subjects consumed the beverages (p=0.353). At the end of the fructose, HFCS, and glucose phases, neither CRP (p=0.403) nor interleukin‐6 (p=0.933) differed from each other significantly. The lactulose‐mannitol ratio suggested that intestinal permeability decreased following the HFCS period compared to the glucose and fructose periods (p < 0.001), while no difference was seen in zonulin (p=0.366) or lipopolysaccharide‐binding protein (p=0.387), a measure of lipopolysaccharide exposure. This well‐controlled intervention demonstrates that medium‐term consumption of fructose‐ vs. HFCS‐ vs. glucose‐sweetened beverages does not differentially affect biomarkers of systemic inflammation or intestinal permeability.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH grant R21HL108257 (to M. Kratz), NIH grant P30 DK017047 (University of Washington Diabetes Research Center), and NIH grant P30 CA015704 (FHCRC Cancer Consortium Cancer Center Support Grant). J.N. Kuzma was supported in part by grant R25CA094880 from the National Cancer Institute
CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF NON‐CALORIC SWEETENERS IN CARBONYLATED PROTEIN CONCENTRATIONS FROM BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF CD1 MICE
Authors: MARTINEZ BEATRIZ ELINA , Escoto Herrera Jorge A , Iniesta Lucia García , RAMOS Roxana Valdés , López Ana Laura Guadarrama 
Published: November 2023

The consumption of non‐caloric sweeteners as a strategy to reduce energy intake has recently increased. To our knowledge, there's not studies about protein carbonylation in lymphocytes based in sweeteners consumption. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of chronic consumption of non‐caloric sweeteners in carbonylated protein concentrations from blood lymphocytes of CD1 mice. We used 32 63‐day old CD1 mice, divided into 4 groups: Control (Cl), Sucrose (Suc), Sucralose (SUC), and Stevia (STE). 10g of SAC and 1g of SUC and ST were diluted in 240mL of ultrapure water, mice drank and fed ad libitum. Sweeteners were administrated for 6 weeks, after that, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and blood obtained by cardiac puncture. Lymphocytes were isolated and 2–4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine assay for quantification of protein carbonylation was performed. There was a significant difference between study groups (F=4.93, p<0.01). Carbonylated protein concentrations in SUC was significantly higher than SAC (Bonferroni test p<0.001) but ST was significantly lower than SUC (Bonferroni test p<0.01) indicating that chronic consumption of SUC may be was associated with increased protein carbonylation in blood lymphocytes.Support or Funding InformationUAEM
In vitro antimalarial activity of microbial metabolites from mango tannins (Mangifera indica L.)
Authors: Venancio Vinicius Paula , Abrão Lailah Carvalho , Kim Hyemee , Talcott Stephen T , Mertens‐Talcott Susanne U 
Published: November 2023

Malaria is a life‐threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that infect humans through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. Although malaria is a preventable and curable disease, it is still responsible for many deaths‐mostly children and pregnant women‐especially in Africa. The absence of effective vaccines and the ever‐increasing resistance to common drugs has led to the development of alternative treatment and prevention strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of a polyphenolic mango extract (var. Ataulfo, 2.5 – 40 mg/L GAE) and pyrogallol‐derivatives (0.5 – 50 mg/L) in P. falciparum parasites by the Pico Green microfluorometric DNA‐based assay. Two chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2 and FCR‐3) and one chloroquine‐sensitive (HB3) strains were used in this study. Synchronized cultures consisting of early (rings) or late stage (trophozoites) at 1% parasitemia and 2% hematocrit were allowed to grow in the presence of mango and pyrogallol compounds in 96‐well plates for 48 hours in CO2 at 37 °C. Chloroquine (0.2 μM) was used as positive control. Growth inhibition was assessed by the relative fluorescence intensity of treatments compared to the untreated group. Mango reduced the DNA content at 20 mg/L and 50 mg/L for HB3 rings and trophozoites, respectively; pyrogallol presented the same activity at 10 mg/L for both parasite stages. For the Dd2 strain, the parasite growth inhibition was observed in the presence of mango at 10 mg/L for both rings and trophozoites; for pyrogallol, the inhibition was observed at 0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L for rings and trophozoites. For the FCR‐3 strain, mango inhibited rings at 20 mg/L and trophozoites at 10 mg/L; pyrogallol showed the same effect at 10 mg/L for both stages. These results suggest mango polyphenols and pyrogallol exhibit antimalarial activity.Support or Funding InformationTexas A&M University and the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) Research Grant
High Caffeine Consumption and its Association with Lower Intakes of Antioxidant Micronutrients, and with Higher Food Insecurity in People Living with HIV in the Miami Adult Studies on HIV (MASH) Cohort
Authors: Ramamoorthy Venkataraghavan , Campa Adriana , Rubens Muni , Sales Sabrina , Fleetwood Christina , Stewart Tiffanie , Hatsu Irene , George Florence , Khan Hafiz , Liuzzi Juan P. , Baum Marianna 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveHigh caffeine consumption has been associated with decreased appetite and weight loss in people living with HIV (PLWH). This could adversely affect levels of antioxidant micronutrients consumed through diet. This study examines the relationship between caffeine consumption and dietary intake of antioxidant micronutrients such as vitamins A and C, zinc and selenium, and with food security scores.MethodsAfter consenting 130 PLWH on stable antiretroviral therapy, who were recruited from the Miami Adults Studies on HIV (MASH) cohort, caffeine intake was measured using standardized questionnaires and 24‐hour dietary recalls were used to estimate food intakes. The USDA Food Security Questionnaire was collected from each participant to assess food security scores. Nutribase‐9 was used for estimating the nutrient content of the foods consumed. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analyses. More than 250 mg of caffeine intake or the equivalent of 3–4 cups of coffee daily was considered the cut‐off point for high consumption. This study was approved by the Florida International University Institutional Review Board.ResultsMean age of this group was 47.9 ± 6.4 years, 60.8% were men, and 75.4% were Black. Mean caffeine intake was 337.63 ± 304.97 mg/day, and 22% reported inadequate caloric intake for their requirements; 76.9% reported deficient intakes of vitamin A, 64.6% of vitamin C, 84.6% for zinc and 50.8% for selenium. Compared to participants who used caffeine with moderation, intakes of vitamin C (110.38 ± 141.475 vs 61.68 ± 71.91 mg/day, P=0.029), zinc (9.13 ± 1.774 vs 4.64 ± 1.753 mg/day, P=0.027) and selenium (76.61 ± 5.797 vs 45.27 ± 5.837 μgm/day, P=0.029) were significantly lower in participants who consumed high levels of caffeine per day. High food insecurity was associated with high caffeine consumption (β=1.106, P=0.042) and remained significant after adjusting for covariates.ConclusionHigh caffeine intake adversely affected the consumption of antioxidant nutrients in PLWH in the MASH cohort and was associated with food insecurity. Further studies are needed to estimate the long term adverse effects of these dietary deficiencies on metabolic outcomes in HIV disease progression and quality of life in this population.Support or Funding InformationFunded by NIDA and FIU Graduate School Dissertation Year Fellowship.
Effect of Age on Vitamin D in Serum of Male Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Preston Alan M , Rodriguez‐Orengo Jose , Ayala‐Torres Sylvette 
Published: November 2023

Limited studies have been carried out on blood levels of vitamin D in non‐human primates. Herein we present data using the preferred vitamin D indicator, serum 25‐OH vitamin D, collected from 56 male Rhesus monkeys from 1 yr to 31 yrs of age. To minimize number of variables, all sampling was done from May thru September, all animals were housed in specific pathogen‐free cages and fed Tekland NIB Primate diet (containing 8000 IU/kg Vitamin D3. Serum 25‐OH vitamin D was quantified using HPLC. Quantitative circulating levels were below those we previously observed in female Rhesus monkeys however a clear pattern in blood levels of males developed starting with values from the 1–5 yr old group which increased progressively thru the 6–10 yr old group with a slight decline in the 11–15 yr old group, a greater decline in the 16–20 yr old group to the lowest values in aged monkeys (21–31 yrs). Most studies in humans indicate that vitamin D levels do not change with age however our study did not measure dietary intake which could possibly explain this discrepancy.Support or Funding InformationWork reported here was partially supported by the Caribbean Primate Research Center Grant number 5 P40 OD12217.
Vitamin A status affects the Body Mass Gain and Hepatic Gene Expression in Rats fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Kuang Heqian , Li Yang , Eastep Jennifer , Chen Guoxun 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionVitamin A (VA) plays a role in variety of physiological functions from development to metabolic homeostasis. High‐fat (HF) diet has been shown to cause the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes. We hypothesize that VA status may affect the gain of body mass in rats fed a HF diet and regulate the expression levels of genes involved in hepatic glucose and fatty acid metabolism.MethodsSprague Dawley (SD) rats at weaning were fed either a HF‐VA sufficient (HF‐VAS) or HF‐VA deficient (HF‐VAD) diet for 8 weeks. The HF‐VAS and HF‐VAD diets are isocaloric. Their body mass and food intake were recorded once a week. The expression levels of hepatic genes for glucose and fatty acid metabolism, and insulin signaling pathway were determined via immunoblotting.ResultsFrom week 6, body mass of HF‐VAD rats was significantly lower than that of VAS group. The total food intake was similar between VAD and VAS groups. The liver mass and white adipose mass of HF‐VAD group were also significant smaller than that of HF‐VAS group. The hepatic expression level of Cytochrome P450 26A1 protein in HF‐VAS group is higher than that in HF‐VAD group, suggesting reduced retinoic acid production. For glucose metabolism, the HF‐VAD rats had higher glycogen synthase 3α (GSK‐3α) and lower GSK‐3β expression levels than the HF‐VAS rats did. The expression levels of glucokinase and cytosolic form of phosphoenoylpyruvate carboxykinase in HF‐VAS group are higher than that in HF‐VAD group. Proteins levels of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), phospho‐ACC, fatty acid synthase, and ATP citrate lyase in fatty acid synthesis, are similar between two groups. The levels of insulin receptor beta subunit and insulin receptor substrate 1 are increased in HF‐HF‐VAD rats, while that of insulin receptor substrate 2 are decreased. The expression level of mitogen‐activated protein kinase of HF‐VAD group was higher than that of HF‐VAS group.ConclusionsVA status reduces the body mass gain in rats fed a HF diet. In addition, the expression levels of genes for glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathway are also altered by the development of VA deficiency in these rats. These results support our previous observations that VA status and its metabolism affect the hepatic expression levels of insulin‐regulated genes in rats fed the diets with normal fat content. More studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanisms for these changes.Support or Funding InformationInternal funding
Zinc Supplementation, Beta Cell Function, Insulin Secretion, and Insulin Resistance in Black and White Female Adolescents
Authors: Lobene Andrea J , Kindler Joseph M , Pollock Norman K , Laing Emma M , Lewis Richard D 
Published: November 2023

Pubertal growth is a period of time characterized by increasing insulin resistance. Zinc is an essential micronutrient required for the maturation and storage of insulin in pancreatic beta cells, and its effect on insulin concentrations and insulin resistance in growing children is uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of zinc supplementation on beta cell function, insulin secretion (C‐peptide), and insulin resistance in healthy female children. A secondary objective was to determine if the effect of zinc supplementation on these outcomes differs by race. Healthy non‐Hispanic black and white females ages 9–11 y (n=147) were randomly assigned to receive either a daily oral zinc supplement (ZN; 9 mg elemental zinc; n=75) or an identical placebo (PL; n=72) for 4 weeks. Fasting insulin, glucose, and C‐peptide were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks, and insulin and glucose values were used to calculate homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2) of beta cell function (%β), insulin resistance (IR), and insulin sensitivity (%S). A mixed ANOVA design, with time as the within‐subjects factor and treatment and race as between‐subjects factors, was used to assess changes in these outcome measures. All values were non‐normally distributed, and were log transformed prior to analyses. At baseline, the overall mean (± SD) BMI‐for‐age percentile was 75.1 ± 26.1, fasting glucose, 86.1 ± 7.6 mg/dl, fasting insulin, 192.2 ± 110.8 pmol/L, and C‐peptide, 2.1 ± 1.1 ng/ml. There were no baseline differences between the ZN and PL groups for any of the variables. An interaction that approached significance was found for C‐peptide, such that an increase in C‐peptide was observed in the PL group, but not the ZN group, in blacks, but not in whites (p=0.075). No changes were observed in HOMA2‐%β, HOMA2‐IR and HOMA2‐%S for any race‐treatment group after 4 weeks. Our results suggest that zinc supplementation may attenuate an increase in insulin secretion experienced by black, but not white, premenarcheal females. Additional trials, including dose‐response trials, could provide greater insight into the effects of zinc on insulin secretion and the differential responses by race.Support or Funding InformationNational Institutes of Health (NIH grant R03 HD54630)