bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Oxidation Behavior of Conventionally Cast and Additively Manufactured Co-Base Alloy MAR-M-509
Authors: Galiullin T. , Pillai R. , Quadakkers W. J. , Naumenko D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh-temperature oxidation behavior of conventionally cast and additively manufactured (AM) Co-base alloy MAR-M-509 was compared in the present study. The specimens were exposed in air at 1000 °C and characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy/wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX/WDX) and electron backscatter diffraction as well as transmission electron microscopy. Substantial differences in the oxidation processes of two alloy versions were observed. Faster oxidation of the cast alloy was mainly induced by (1) oxidation of coarse primary carbides, (2) internal oxidation and nitridation processes and (3) incorporation of other alloy constituents (e.g., Co, Ni, W) into the Cr-oxide scale. AM specimens, in contrast, formed a more homogeneous, thinner and better adherent external oxide scale. The results are discussed in terms of differences in the chemical composition and alloy microstructure, including the grain size distribution in the material and the morphology of the strengthening precipitate phases.
The influence of electronic effects on the substitution reactions of N,N′-donor cis-palladium(II) complexes with bidentate (pyridin-2-yl)methyl-aniline ligands
Authors: Mjwara Pinky Ncomela , Papo Tshephiso Rose , Sithebe Siphamandla 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe substitution behaviour of bidentate N,N′-donor (pyridin-2-yl)methyl-aniline chelates with different substituents on the mononuclear Pd(II) complexes was investigated. The complexes were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, LC–MS, and elemental analysis. The study explored the kinetics and mechanistic behaviour of N,N′-pyridyl Pd(II) complexes, viz. dichloro-(N-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)aniline)palladium(II) (PdL1), dichloro-(4-fluoro-N-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)aniline)-palladium(II) (PdL2), dichloro-(4-methoxy-N-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)aniline)-palladium(II) (PdL3) and dichloro-(4-ethyl-N-((pyridin-2-yl)methyl)aniline)-palladium(II) (PdL4). The effect of concentration and temperature on substitution behaviour of coordinated chloride ligands by three bio-relevant thiourea nucleophiles, viz. thiourea (TU), N,N′-dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylthiourea (TMTU), of different steric demands was studied in a 0.1 M (LiCl) solution of ultra-pure water under pseudo-first order conditions using standard Stopped-Flow and UV–Visible spectrophotometric techniques. The substitution of the chloride ligands from the Pd(II) metal by thiourea nucleophiles was a two-step reaction, where the chloride trans to the pyridine ligand was substituted first due to the strong trans effect on the pyridine ring compared to the amine group. The rate of substitution of the chloride by thiourea nucleophiles increased with the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent and decreased when an electron-donating group was attached to the para position of the phenyl moiety. The negative activation entropies and positive activation enthalpy for all the substitution reactions support an associative mode of substitution mechanism.
How do others think about my group? Adolescents’ meta-stereotypes about Turkish- and German-origin students’ subject-related German and general school competence
Authors: Haase Jannika , Höhne Elisabeth , Hannover Bettina , McElvany Nele , Zander Lysann 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Germany, Turkish-origin students face negative competence-related stereotypes held by different groups in society, including teachers at school. While a large body of research has examined stereotypes (i.e., other-stereotypes) about immigrant students, little is known about their own competence-related meta-stereotypes, i.e., beliefs regarding the other-stereotypes that outgroup peers hold about them. The present study addresses this research gap by examining Turkish- and German-origin students’ meta-stereotypes about two dimensions of competencies not yet investigated, namely Turkish- and German-origin students’ subject-related German competence as well as their general school competence using a newly developed instrument combining verbal and non-verbal measures. These assessments are juxtaposed to the evaluations of a group of peers with other immigrant backgrounds (i.e., others’ meta-stereotypes). In line with previous evidence, we found positive meta-stereotypes (as well as other- and others’ meta-stereotypes) towards German-origin students reported by all three groups. However, our study is the first that supports the existence of negative meta-stereotypes (as well as other- and others’ meta-stereotypes) towards Turkish-origin adolescents, again, among all participants. This pattern was particularly pronounced regarding the dimension of subject-related German competence. We discuss the findings’ potential relevance for students’ self-concepts and intergroup interactions in classrooms.
Effects of urban, peri-urban and rural land covers on plant functional traits around Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Salamanca-Fonseca Mauricio , Aldana Ana M. , Vargas-Martinez Valeria , Acero-Gomez Sam , Fonseca-Tellez Juliana , Gutierrez Stivenn , Hoyos Yessica D. , León Katherin M. , Márquez Camilo , Molina-R Laura , Moreno-Abdelnur Angelica , Pineda Sara , Pinzón Juan José , Trespalacios Mariana , Velasco Liz , Sanchez-Tello Juan David , Alvarez-Garzón Carolina , Posada Juan M. , Sanchez Adriana 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Global South has suffered an accelerated population and urban growth. This has created multiple impacts at the regional level such as erosion, soil degradation and biodiversity loss, as well as temperature increase in the cities causing urban heat islands. Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, is one of the largest cities in the Global South and in the last five decades has undergone a rapid urban transition, impacting surrounding ecosystems. However, little is known about how urbanization affects the local flora. To understand how plants are responding and adapting to urbanization processes in the city of Bogotá, we used a land cover gradient of urban, peri-urban and rural areas, and four plant functional traits (leaf area [LA], specific leaf area [SLA], leaf dry matter content [LDMC] and wood density [WD]). We analyzed 16 species shared in at least two land covers. Although urban and peri-urban areas had higher temperatures and higher LDMC and lower SLA values than rural areas, there were no significant differences in functional traits between land covers. Some species showed significant changes between land covers, indicating that there is a species-specific response to urbanization. Considering the need for urban areas to prioritize species that promote cooling and exhibit resistance to stress, as well as the capacity to adapt to climate change, it is essential to include plants possessing different combinations of functional traits.
Relations between undergraduates’ self-regulated learning skill mastery during digital training and biology performance
Authors: Bernacki Matthew L. , Cogliano Megan Claire , Kuhlmann Shelbi L. , Utz Jenifer , Strong Christy , Hilpert Jonathan C. , Greene Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUndergraduate STEM lecture courses enroll hundreds who must master declarative, conceptual, and applied learning objectives. To support them, instructors have turned to active learning designs that require students to engage inself-regulated learning(SRL). Undergraduates struggle with SRL, and universities provide courses, workshops, and digital training to scaffold SRL skill development and enactment. We examined two theory-aligned designs of digital skill trainings that scaffold SRL and how students’ demonstration of metacognitive knowledge of learning skills predicted exam performance in biology courses where training took place. In Study 1, students’ (n = 49) responses to training activities were scored for quality and summed by training topic and level of understanding. Behavioral and environmental regulation knowledge predicted midterm and final exam grades; knowledge of SRL processes did not. Declarative and conceptual levels of skill-mastery predicted exam performance; application-level knowledge did not. When modeled by topic at each level of understanding, declarative knowledge of behavioral and environmental regulation and conceptual knowledge of cognitive strategies predicted final exam performance. In Study 2 (n = 62), knowledge demonstrated during a redesigned video-based multimedia version of behavioral and environmental regulation again predicted biology exam performance. Across studies, performance on training activities designed in alignment with skill-training models predicted course performances and predictions were sustained in a redesign prioritizing learning efficiency. Training learners’ SRL skills –and specifically cognitive strategies and environmental regulation– benefited their later biology course performances across studies, which demonstrate the value of providing brief, digital activities to develop learning skills. Ongoing refinement to materials designed to develop metacognitive processing and learners’ ability to apply skills in new contexts can increase benefits.
LAMB3 Promotes Myofibrogenesis and Cytoskeletal Reorganization in Endometrial Stromal Cells via the RhoA/ROCK1/MYL9 Pathway
Authors: Qin Xiaomei , Zeng Bin , Sooranna Suren R. , Li Mujun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLAMB3, a major extracellular matrix and basal membrane component, is involved in wound healing. We aimed to understand its role in Asherman’s syndrome (AS), which is associated with infertility, by using bioinformatics analysis and cultured endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). MRNAs extracted from tissues obtained from control subjects and patients with severe intrauterine adhesion were sequenced and subjected to bioinformatics analysis and the RhoA/ROCK1/MYL9 pathway was implicated and this subsequently studied using cultured primary ESCs. The effects of overexpression and knockdown and activation and inhibition of LAMB3 on the mesenchymal to myofibroblastic phenotypic transformation of ECCs were assessed using PCR and western blot analysis. Phalloidin was used to localize the actin cytoskeletal proteins. Silencing of LAMB3 reversed the TGF-β-induced ESC myofibroblast phenotype conversion, whereas overexpression of LAMB3 promoted this process. Activation and silencing of LAMB3 led to remodeling of the ESC cytoskeleton. Overexpression and silencing of LAMB3 caused activation and inhibition of ESCs, respectively. Y-27632 and LPA reversed the activation and inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK1/MYL9 pathway after overexpression and silencing, respectively. These results suggest that LAMB3 can regulate ESC fibrosis transformation and cytoskeleton remodeling via the RhoA/ROCK1/MYL9 pathway. This study provides a potential new target for gene therapy and drug intervention of AS.
Jabal Al-Qarah, Saudi Arabia—from a Local Tourist Spot and Cultural World Heritage to a Geoheritage Site of Possible Global Relevance
Authors: Sen Subhajit , Migoń Piotr , Almusabeh Ali , Abouelresh Mohamed Omar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractJabal Al-Qarah in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia is a flat-topped residual hill (mesa) built of calcareous sandstones, mudstones, and marls of Miocene age. It is located within the World Heritage property of Al-Ahsa Oasis, but geoheritage values were not considered in the nomination and remained overlooked. The locality is famous for its systems of maze caves developed along deep fractures by mainly mechanical erosion and wall/roof collapses. They illustrate the origin of non-karstic caves through the action of underground flows, redirected from the surface via sinkholes and open cracks. Hillsides of Jabal Al-Qarah show evidence of various types of mass movements, including spectacular collapses of harder overlying strata after denudation of weaker strata beneath caused loss of vertical support. Thus, the mesa may become a key locality to understand slope development in layered successions and the role of subsurface flows in the global context. The site also has considerable potential to develop geotourism, as an added value to the already recognized cultural assets of the oasis and scenic qualities.
Advantages of the use of ultrasound in newborn vascular access: a systematic review
Authors: Brusciano Valentina , Lecce Miriam 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVascular access in neonates and small infants is often challenging. Ultrasound (US) screening and guidance improves its safety and efficacy. The advantages of a pre-implantation ultrasound examination are intuitive; it is a practical and safe technique that doesn’t use radiation, allowing static and dynamic evaluations to be carried out and identifying anatomical variations, the caliber and depth of the vessel, the patency of the entire course and attached structures (nerves, etc.). Optimization of the image is a crucial aspect in achieving a clear view of all anatomical structures while avoiding complications. The goal of this review was to look into the benefits of using US in invasive catheter insertion procedures, especially in pediatric patients. Ultrasonography is used to visualize vessels and related structures in two dimensions (2D), sometimes with the help of color Doppler to detect the presence of intraluminal thrombi by applying gentle compression to assess vessel collapse and evaluate morphologic changes in the internal jugular vein (IJV) who had undergone central venous catheter (CVC) insertion during the neonatal period (Montes-Tapia et al. in J Pediatr Surg 51:1700–1703, 2016).
Kollegiale Hilfe (KoHi) – Beschreibung des Interventionsprogramms zur Reduktion der Auswirkung belastender Arbeitssituationen im Sinne des Second-Victim-Phänomens bei patientennah tätigem Personal in der Klinik Hietzing, Wien, Österreich (KoHi-II-Studie)
Authors: Gatterer Christian , Krommer Elisabeth , Ablöscher Miriam , Klemm Victoria , Rösner Hannah , Strametz Reinhard , Huf Wolfgang , Ettl Brigitte 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungEin unvorhergesehener klinischer Zwischenfall kann bei medizinischem Personal zu einer Traumatisierung mit psychologischen, kognitiven und körperlichen Folgen führen (Second-Victim-Phänomen). Ein Entlastungsgespräch unter Kolleg:innen (Peer-to-Peer) bedient sich standardisierter Abläufe und scheint eine geeignete, niederschwellige Strategie zu sein, um Kolleg:innen psychisch und emotional zu entlasten. In der Klinik Hietzing (Wien) wurde im Zeitraum von 2019–2021 unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung ein umfassendes Programm zur Unterstützung der Mitarbeiter:innen nach belastenden Ereignissen implementiert. Ziel dieses Programms, welches im deutschen Sprachraum in diesem Umfang bisher erstmals durchgeführt wurde, war primär die Erhebung valider Daten zur Prävalenz des Second-Victim-Phänomens und zum Interventionseffekt der „Kollegiale Hilfe“ (KoHi). In einem mehrstufigen Verfahren wurden zunächst rund 2800 Mitarbeiter:innen aller Berufsgruppen und Abteilungen mit Hilfe des SeViD-Fragebogens befragt. In weiterer Folge wurden 122 Personen in einer 5‑stündigen Schulung zu Kollegial Helfenden ausgebildet. Diese Personen sollten nach dieser Schulung imstande sein, psychologische Entlastungsgespräche zu führen und Erstmaßnahmen zu setzen. Unmittelbar vor und nach jeder Schulung fand eine schriftliche Befragung der Teilnehmer:innen statt, um Erwartungen und die erworbene Kompetenz sowie die Selbstwirksamkeit zu eruieren. Die häufigsten Beweggründe für die Teilnahme an der Schulung waren ethischer/altruistischer Natur und der Wunsch nach Kompentenzerweiterung. Die bereits initial sehr hohe Motivation wurde durch die Schulungsintervention noch weiter gesteigert. Nach der Schulung fühlten sich 96 % der Teilnehmer:innen kompetent genug, ihre Kolleg:innen über die Relevanz der Second-Victim-Thematik zu informieren. Neben den bereits beschriebenen Maßnahmen wurde eine systematische Evaluation aller KoHi-Einsätze mittels telefonischer Supervision etabliert, um die Kollegial Helfenden selbst zu entlasten und ggf. weitere psychologische Unterstützungsmaßnahmen für die Second Victims zur Verfügung zu stellen. Ungefähr 3 Jahre nach der ersten Basiserhebung erfolgte eine zweite Befragung, um die Jahresprävalenz des Second-Victim-Phänomens, den Wissens- und Kenntniszuwachs sowie die Nutzung der vorhandenen Unterstützungsangebote zu evaluieren.
Stability analysis of a slope containing water-sensitive mudstone considering different rainfall conditions at an open-pit mine
Authors: Yang Guoyu , Chen Yanlong , Liu Xuanyu , Yang Ri , Zhang Yafei , Zhang Jialong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMudstone, as a typical soft rock with wide distribution, has been endangering the slopes containing mudstone by its water-sensitivity of swelling and weakening strength when encountering water. To comprehensively understand the water-sensitivity of mudstone and reveal its influence on slope stability, we took the working slope containing water-sensitive mudstone of Shengli No.1 open-pit coal mine in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China, as an example. Mudstone samples taken from the working slope were remodeled and saturated, and then triaxial tested to obtain the effective cohesion and effective internal friction angle. The filter paper method was used to obtain the soil–water characteristic curve of unsaturated mudstone. The pore structure of mudstone samples with different water contents were analyzed using the mercury intrusion porosimetry tests combined with the fractal dimension. The total pore content of the mudstone sample with lower water content is greater than that of the mudstone sample with higher water content. The mesopores are more in the mudstone sample with lower water content, while the small pores are more in the mudstone sample with higher water content. The variation of water content will change the complexity of mudstone pore structure. The higher the water content, the simpler the mudstone pore structure and the smoother the pore surface. Numerical calculations were conducted on the stability of the working slope under different rainfall conditions. The effective saturation on the mudstone layer surface changed and the plastic strain all occurred on the mudstone steps under different rainfall conditions. The key to preventing landslide of the slope containing water-sensitive mudstone in Shengli No.1 open-pit coal mine is to control the deformation and sliding of the mudstone layer.
Interaction graph-based characterization of quantum benchmarks for improving quantum circuit mapping techniques
Authors: Bandic Medina , Almudever Carmen G. , Feld Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo execute quantum circuits on a quantum processor, they must be modified to meet the physical constraints of the quantum device. This process, called quantum circuit mapping, results in a gate/circuit depth overhead that depends on both the circuit properties and the hardware constraints, being the limited qubit connectivity a crucial restriction. In this paper, we propose to extend the characterization of quantum circuits by including qubit interaction graph properties using graph theory-based metrics in addition to previously used circuit-describing parameters. This approach allows for an in-depth analysis and clustering of quantum circuits and a comparison of performance when run on different quantum processors, aiding in developing better mapping techniques. Our study reveals a correlation between interaction graph-based parameters and mapping performance metrics for various existing configurations of quantum devices. We also provide a comprehensive collection of quantum circuits and algorithms for benchmarking future compilation techniques and quantum devices.
Phytotherapie, Yoga und Akupunktur in der Gastroenterologie – alles nur Humbug oder mögliche Therapieansätze?
Authors: Schreiner Philipp , Bauerfeind Peter 
Published: October 2023

ZusammenfassungKomplementärmedizinische Therapien werden von Patienten mit gastrointestinalen Beschwerden, insbesondere bei Patienten mit Reizdarmsyndrom („irritable bowel syndrome“, IBS) und bei Patienten mit chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED), häufig verwendet. Im Gegensatz zum großen Interesse der Patienten ist das Wissen über solche Therapien bei vielen Gastroenterologen, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch die eher schwache Datenlage, meistens gering. In diesem Übersichtsartikel möchten wir die wichtigsten phytotherapeutischen Therapiemöglichkeiten bei IBS und CED beleuchten und versuchen, einen Überblick über die Datenlage von Bewegungstherapien, Yoga und Akupunktur in der Therapie von gastrointestinalen Krankheiten zu geben.
Knowledge and inquiry—the missing key for a knowledge-based decision theory
Authors: Schulz Moritz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFassio and Gao (2021) object to a knowledge-based decision theory on the ground that it cannot deal with unsuccessful inquiry. One way for inquiry to fail is not to know what one should know. If one’s inquiry fails in this way, is a subsequent choice in any way wrong when based on one’s limited actual knowledge? This paper discusses two strategies for dealing with this problem. On a first strategy, there is nothing wrong with such a choice (but something went wrong prior to one’s choice). On a second strategy, there is something wrong with one’s choice and a knowledge-based decision theory should require that one’s decisions be based on the knowledge one should have, not merely on the knowledge one actually has.
OBIA: An Open Biomedical Imaging Archive
Authors: Jin Enhui , Zhao Dongli , Wu Gangao , Zhu Junwei , Wang Zhonghuang , Wei Zhiyao , Zhang Sisi , Wang Anke , Tang Bixia , Chen Xu , Sun Yanling , Zhang Zhe , Zhao Wenming , Meng Yuanguang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, biomedical imaging data play an important role in scientific research and clinical application, but the available resources are limited. Here we present Open Biomedical Imaging Archive (OBIA), a repository for archiving biomedical imaging and related clinical data. OBIA adopts five data objects (Collection, Individual, Study, Series, and Image) for data organization, and accepts the submission of biomedical images of multiple modalities, organs, and diseases. In order to protect personal privacy, OBIA has formulated a unified de-identification and quality control process. In addition, OBIA provides friendly and intuitive web interfaces for data submission, browsing, and retrieval, as well as image retrieval. As of September 2023, OBIA has housed data for a total of 937 individuals, 4136 studies, 24,701 series, and 1,938,309 images covering 9 modalities and 30 anatomical sites. Collectively, OBIA provides a reliable platform for biomedical imaging data management and offers free open access to all publicly available data to support research activities throughout the world. OBIA can be accessed at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/obia.