bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The detection of spina bifida before 10 gestational weeks using two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Blaas H.‐G. K. , Eik‐Nes S. H. , Isaksen C. V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe present three cases of spina bifida during the embryonic period detected by ultrasound before 10 weeks' gestational age. The last‐menstrual‐period‐based ages ranged from 9 weeks 1 day to 9 weeks 4 days and the crown rump lengths ranged from 22 mm to 28 mm. The cases were identified prospectively in a program of targeted ultrasound examination of high‐risk pregnancies, using a 7.5 MHz annular array transvaginal transducer. The use of 3D ultrasound made additional diagnostic ultrasound tomograms possible, but was not necessary for the definite diagnosis. The scalloping of the frontal bones and the Arnold Chiari malformation did not occur before 12 weeks. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Integrated obstetric curriculum for obstetrics and gynecology residency, radiology residency and maternal–fetal medicine fellowship program at an Accredited American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Diagnostic Ultrasound Center
Authors: Calhoun B. C. , Hume R. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this work was to demonstrate the approach to developing an integrated curriculum for obstetric ultrasound training by utilizing an accredited American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine teaching platformMethodsDuring the 1996–98 academic years, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine guidelines for ultrasound performance and training were integrated into a multifaceted training program for obstetric and radiological residents and maternal–fetal medicine fellows consisting of a structured reading program, self study of a 35‐mm slide program of normal/abnormal anatomy, a basic ultrasound and fetal echocardiography interactive CD program, hands‐on supervised scanning program and practical and certificate‐bearing fetal echocardiography courses for fellows. All obstetric residents were given pretests and post‐tests to measure learning performance in the program. The results from these tests were analyzed for statistical significance.ResultsThirteen obstetric residents completed the training program. The locally developed pretest showed a mean of 16/40 correct questions with an SD of 1.85. After completing the training, the mean obstetric resident scores on the post‐test were 32/40 with an SD of 5.9. This difference was statistically significantly different, P < 0.009. Radiology residents showed an improvement from no residents passing the obstetric ultrasound portion on the 1996 Radiology Boards to 100% pass rate in 1997 (four residents per year) after completing the course. Maternal–fetal medicine fellows progressed from inability to perform acceptable fetal echocardiography to full ability to perform fetal echocardiographic examinations.ConclusionAn integrated approach to obstetric ultrasound training for obstetric and radiologic residents and maternal–fetal medicine fellows with multifaceted learning methods is easily achieved with available guidance from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The increase of renal pelvis dilatation in the fetus and its significance
Authors: Aviram R. , Pomeran A. , Sharony R. , Beyth Y. , Rathaus V. , Tepper R. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of the changes in fetal renal pelvis dilatation on post‐natal diagnosis and outcome.MethodsPrenatal sonographic fetal renal anteroposterior diameters of ≥4 mm in the second trimester, which persisted to ≥7 mm in the third trimester, were the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐six fetuses and 73 renal units with normal karotypes and a solitary sonographic finding of renal pyelectasis, which met the inclusion criteria, were followed, post‐natally, until the age of 30 months. The neonates were categorized into three groups, according to their final diagnosis: No hydronephrosis, pelvi‐ureteric junction obstruction and hydronephrosis from other causes. The neonates were also categorized according to their outcome: no treatment, follow‐up only and surgical treatment.ResultsIn 17 neonates (30.4%), and 19 renal units, the diagnosis of hydronephrosis was excluded post‐natally. In 39 neonates (69.6%), and 54 renal units, an urinary tract pathology was confirmed. The dynamics of pyelectasis in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy differed significantly among the neonates when categorized according to the final diagnosis (P < 0.05), or according to outcome (P < 0.05).ConclusionIt is possible to predict, and distinguish between, long‐term conservative and surgical treatments of renal pelvis dilatation in the third trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Serial fetal lung volume measurement using three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Bahmaie A. , Hughes S. W. , Clark T. , Milner A. , Saunders J. , Tilling K. , Maxwell D. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo establish reference intervals for fetal lung growth.DesignLongitudinal observational study.SubjectsFifty‐eight women with initially uncomplicated singleton pregnancies were recruited from the antenatal population of a teaching hospital. Four women were excluded from the final analysis because of complications arising in their pregnancy.MethodsEach subject was serially scanned at monthly intervals. At each visit lung volume was measured using an ultrasound‐based computerized three‐dimensional imaging system. Multilevel models were used to determine conditional and unconditional reference intervals.ResultsReference intervals for fetal lung growth were derived. Fetal lung volume increases in a non‐linear way with gestation.ConclusionsOur computerized system has the capacity to be used in conjunction with any standard two‐dimensional ultrasound scanner in order to measure volume. Lung volume measurement may be useful in predicting pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Urorectal septum malformation sequence: prenatal sonographic diagnosis in two sets of discordant twins
Authors: Achiron R. , Frydman M. , Lipitz S. , Zalel Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUrorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is a rare congenital malformation, which includes ambiguous genitalia, a phallus‐like structure, imperforate anus, bladder, vaginal and rectal fistulas and Müllerian duct defects. We report two cases of prenatally diagnosed URSMS, both occurring in two sets of discordant twins. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first antenatal description of such an anomaly. The first fetus, one of a set of monochorionic, monoamniotic twins was detected sonographically at 21 weeks of gestation due to an enlarged phallus‐like formation. The second fetus, one of dichorionic, diamniotic twins, was suspected of having an abnormally enlarged rectum at 13 weeks of gestation. The diagnosis of URSMS was established at 29 weeks of gestation by showing abnormal female external genitalia, with a dilated bowel that contained echogenic foci due to enterolithiasis. The diagnosis of both cases was confirmed postnatally. Sonographic findings and differential diagnosis are presented. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of familial absent pulmonary valve syndrome: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Becker R. , Schmitz L. , Guschmann M. , Wegner R.‐D. , Stiemer B. , Entezami M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report on a case of absent pulmonary valve syndrome in a woman with a history of one healthy child and one child with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. The diagnosis was missed at the first ultrasound examination performed at 13 + 5 weeks of gestation and correctly diagnosed at 21 + 5 weeks. Re‐evaluation of the ultrasound examination recorded at 13 + 5 weeks exhibited severe insufficiency of the pulmonary valve at this time. However, neither dilatation of the right and left pulmonary arteries nor asymmetry of the ventricles were present at that time. The pregnancy was terminated at 22 + 1 weeks of gestation when autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Karyotyping of the fetus after termination of pregnancy revealed normal chromosomes. Echocardiography of the parents and the healthy sibling revealed normal results. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
First trimester prenatal diagnosis of chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis–van Creveld syndrome) with ultrasound
Authors: Dugoff L. , Thieme G. , Hobbins J. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractChondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis–van Creveld syndrome) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by short‐limb dwarfism, postaxial polydactyly, ectodermal defects, and congenital heart disease. This condition is most prevalent in the Amish population of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA, occurring in 1/5000 births and in 1/60 000 births in the general population. This report presents a case of ultrasonographic detection of chondroectodermal dysplasia at 12 weeks of gestation. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Application of three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Chaoui R. , Kalache K. D. , Hartung J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the fetal cardiovascular system using three‐dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D‐PDU) in normal and abnormal conditions during the second half of gestation.SubjectsForty‐five normal fetuses and 87 selected pregnancies with different abnormalities involving the vascular system were examined.MethodsThe following regions of interest were assessed: placental, umbilical, abdominal, renal, pulmonary and intracranial vessels together with the heart and great arteries. Equipment used was a commercially available HDI‐3000 and 5000 ultrasound system with integrated 3D‐Color Power Angio® software. Data acquisition was performed by the free‐hand technique. Images were reconstructed online. In pathological cases, a maximum of three attempts of 3D reconstruction was allowed to obtain the information needed.ResultsSatisfactory visualization of the fetal vascular system using 3D‐PDU could be achieved in normal pregnancies. The main difficulty during the learning curve was the optimization of the power Doppler image prior to 3D data acquisition. Despite good visualization conditions, the reconstruction of satisfactory images was only possible in 56 out of the 87 (64%) pregnancies with abnormal vascular anatomy. These were abnormalities of placenta and umbilical vessels (n = 26), intra‐abdominal and intrathoracic anomalies (n = 12), renal malformations (n = 9), central nervous system (n = 4) and cardiac defects (n = 5). The main reasons for the lack of information were fetal position and movements, overlapping with signals from neighboring vessels as well as technical limitations of the online system. Details and figures of the potential field of interest in prenatal diagnosis are presented.ConclusionThe study shows that 3D‐PDU can be applied in prenatal diagnosis. The method enables the visualization of the main parts of the fetal vascular system under normal and pathological conditions. The main fields of interest are the same as those where color Doppler provides information with the exception of the fetal heart where a trigger system is still needed. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Ultrasonography of the peri‐ and intraventricular areas of the fetal brain between 26 and 36 weeks' gestational age; a comparison with neonatal ultrasound
Authors: van Gelder‐Hasker M. R. , van Wezel‐Meijler G. , van Geijn H. P. , De Vries J. I. P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo determine to what extent the peri‐ and intraventricular areas of the fetal brain can be visualized in coronal and sagittal planes using high‐frequency transvaginal ultrasound.DesignIn a longitudinal study, fetuses of 30 low‐risk pregnancies were studied at 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36 weeks' gestational age. The neonates were examined within the first week of life. Visualization of the peri‐ and intraventricular areas was systematically scored in six coronal and five sagittal planes. The degree of echogenicity of the periventricular area was assessed. Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreements were calculated.ResultsFor fetuses in the cephalic position, the highest percentages of visualization of the planes were obtained between 26 and 32 weeks' gestational age (>70% in four coronal and three sagittal planes). Transient periventricular echodensities were observed at 26 and 28 weeks' gestational age in 6/39 observations in the cephalic position. Small choroid plexus cysts were found in three fetuses with the changes persisting in two until after birth. Seven neonates developed mild periventricular echodensities/translucencies not present during fetal development. The mean interobserver agreement was 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73–0.81). The intra‐observer agreement varied between 0.48 and 0.72 (mean 0.6, 95% CI 0.47–0.75).ConclusionsTransvaginal ultrasonography can be applied as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the peri‐ and intraventricular areas of the fetal brain. Transient periventricular densities can be encountered between 26 and 28 weeks. Term low‐risk neonates may develop transient periventricular densities or translucencies. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Relationship between fetal nuchal translucency and crown–rump length in an Asian population
Authors: Jou H.‐J. , Wu S.‐C. , Li T.‐C. , Hsu H.‐C. , Tzeng C.‐Y. , Hsieh F.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between the nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and crown–rump length (CRL) in normal Asian fetuses during the first trimester.DesignA prospective observational study was conducted. Ultrasound measurement of NT and CRL was offered in 879 consecutive Taiwanese fetuses between 9 weeks and 14 weeks of gestation. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the NT thickness and CRL. Fetal sex was also considered in the analysis. The distribution of multiple of median (MoM) values of the NT measurements with CRL in 10‐mm intervals and the 95th centile of MoM were also calculated.ResultsThe present study shows that NT measurements increase with increasing CRL. A fixed cut‐off point through the first trimester is not appropriate. The NT thickness has no relationship with fetal sex. Expressing the NT thickness by MoM values provides a simple method for clinical practice.ConclusionsThe present study offers normative data of the fetal NT thickness in an Asian population, which may improve the performance of NT measurement during the first‐trimester as a screening tool for chromosomal aberrations or other congenital abnormalities in the first trimester. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Sonography and neuropathology of a congenital brain tumor: report of a rare incident
Authors: Leins A. M. , Kainer F. , Weis S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA rare case of a congenital brain tumor was diagnosed by sonography in a fetus at 33 weeks' gestation. The ultrasound examination showed a large area of both increased echogenicity and echolucency in one hemisphere suggestive of brain tumor or hemorrhage. The neuropathological examination revealed an undifferentiated glial tumor with large areas of necrosis. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Correlation between fetal cardiac diagnosis by obstetric and pediatric cardiologist sonographers and comparison with postnatal findings
Authors: Meyer‐Wittkopf M. , Cooper S. , Sholler G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the level of agreement between obstetric and pediatric cardiologist sonographers' diagnosis of fetuses with suspected congenital heart disease and to compare this with the final postnatal diagnosis.DesignWe retrospectively reviewed the notes of 1037 patients undergoing fetal echocardiography over a 5‐year period (1995–99) at the principal tertiary referral center for fetal cardiology in New South Wales, Australia. The median gestational age at presentation was 21 weeks (range 17–38) with 49% of the scans performed at < 21 weeks and a further 17% performed at 21–24 weeks. The accuracy of the fetal cardiac diagnosis was validated by neonatal cardiac investigation or autopsy.ResultsA total of 249 cases of congenital heart disease were identified antenatally during this 5‐year period with the majority (84%) referred because of suspicion of a cardiac malformation during an obstetric scan. Of the 268 fetuses with congenital heart disease suspected by obstetric sonographers, 209 had confirmed cardiac defects. Complete correlation between obstetric sonographers' and pediatric cardiologists' prenatal cardiac findings was achieved in 62% of cases. There were major differences involving the atrioventricular morphology in 18% of cases and the outflow tract anatomy in 20%. Complete agreement between prenatal and postnatal diagnosis in fetuses with complex congenital heart disease was achieved in 59% of cases for obstetric sonography (17% false positive; 41% false negative) and 95% for fetal echocardiography by pediatric cardiologists (2% false positive; 5% false negative).ConclusionsImproved accuracy in diagnosis can be achieved through a pediatric cardiologist with special skills in fetal echocardiography working collaberatively with obstetric sonographers to optimize the details of diagnosis. This may influence management and counseling. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal diagnosis of an ectopic intrathoracic kidney in right‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia using color Doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Masturzo B. , Kalache K. D. , Cockell A. , Pierro A. , Rodeck C. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe prenatal sonographic features of a fetus with right‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed at 33 weeks are presented. Color Doppler demonstrated an abnormal course of the right renal artery, arising from the aorta and feeding the intrathoracic right kidney. This case report stresses the role of color Doppler in defining which organs have herniated in fetuses with diaphragmatic hernia. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of a twinning epigastric heteropagus
Authors: Petit T. , Raynal P. , Ravasse P. , Herlicoviez M. , Delmas P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEpigastric heteropagus is a rare type of conjoined twinning which results from an ischemic atrophy of one fetus at an early stage of gestation. We present what we believe to be the first case diagnosed antenatally at 22 weeks' gestation. The pelvis and lower limbs of the ischemic fetus (the parasite) were attached to the epigastrium of the well‐developed fetus (the autosite), which had a small omphalocele. Antenatal sonography provided an accurate diagnosis, enabling unnecessary abortion to be avoided. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Three‐dimensional (3D) echocardiographic analysis of congenital heart disease in the fetus: comparison with cross‐sectional (2D) fetal echocardiography
Authors: Meyer‐Wittkopf M. , Cooper S. , Vaughan J. , Sholler G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveWe attempted to assess the ability of Doppler‐gated three‐dimensional (3D) fetal echocardiography to reconstruct and display specific cardiac structures in fetuses with cardiac anomalies and to determine whether any advantage is offered by 3D sonographic cardiac examination over conventional fetal echocardiography.DesignAfter 2D fetal echocardiographic examination, 3D cardiac data were collected prospectively in 22 fetuses with various congenital heart defects. Their ages ranged from 19 to 35 weeks' gestation. Basic echocardiographic key views of the venoatrial, atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections were derived from volume data sets and selected for 3D reconstruction and analysis. Comparisons were made with 2D echocardiographic imaging of the fetal hearts and the diagnostic image quality of visualized structural details was evaluated.ResultsThe underlying cardiac malformation was well or satisfactorily visualized in 20 fetuses using 2D imaging. Gated 3D volume data sets enabled diagnostically acceptable visualization of all affected cardiac structures in 7 of 22 fetuses. High‐quality 3D reconstruction of the site and spatial orientation of ventricular septal defects was obtained in 9 of 13 patients. Two‐dimensional imaging remained the principal diagnostic modality in all cases with additional structural detail being obtained by 3D imaging in only two fetuses.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional imaging of fetal heart disease is feasible for a wide range of lesions, and may provide additional information of clinical value in a small number of cases when compared with 2D imaging. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A comparative study of multifetal pregnancy reduction from triplets to twins in the first versus early second trimesters after detailed fetal screening
Authors: Lipitz S. , Shulman A. , Achiron R. , Zalel Y. , Seidman D. S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the outcome of multifetal pregnancy reduction from triplets to twins performed either early (at 11–12 weeks' gestation) or late (at 13–14 weeks).MethodsNinety‐five high‐order pregnancies following assisted conception were studied. Transabdominal sonographically guided multifetal pregnancy reduction was performed early in 46 women, while 49 women first underwent a sonographic fetal anomaly scan before undergoing selective reduction.ResultsSonographic screening led to selective termination of a specific fetus in nine cases due to increased nuchal translucency and relative intrauterine growth restriction in three cases each, and meningomyelocele, abdominal cyst and cystic hygroma in one case each. In the early reduction group a diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart in the two remaining twins was subsequently made, and one pair of twins suffers from cerebral palsy. The rate of pregnancy loss was not statistically different between the early (4.3%; 2/46) and late (4.0%; 2/49) termination groups. The birth weight and gestational age at birth were not statistically different between the early (n = 85) and late (n = 94) groups (2110 ± 580 vs. 2140 ± 490 g, and 35.8 ± 3.0 vs. 35.7 ± 3.5 weeks). Similarly there was no statistically significant difference between early and late groups in the incidence of very premature (24–32 weeks; 9.3 vs. 8.3%) and premature (33–36 weeks; 46.5 vs. 47.9%) births.ConclusionsEarly second‐trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction from triplets to twins may allow more selective termination of abnormal fetuses without an adverse effect on the outcome of pregnancy. However, further studies are needed in order to confirm our observations in a larger series. Copyright © 2001 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology