bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro Array Based Gene Expression Analysis using Parametric Multivariate Tests per Gene – A Generalized Application of Multiple Procedures with Data‐driven Order of Hypotheses
Authors: Schuster Ernst , Kropf Siegfried , Roeder Ingo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicro array technology allows the simultaneous analysis of ten‐thousands of genes. Most often, however, the analysis is based on a few replications only. This causes problems in the application of classical multivariate tests which require sample sizes exceeding the number of observed variables. To overcome these problems, a class of stable, multivariate procedures based on the theory of spherical distributions has been proposed by Läuter, Glimm, and Kropf (1996). These methods allow the use of multivariate information of many genes for testing differential gene expression. Furthermore, multiple testing procedures based on these principles have been constructed (e.g., Kropf, Läuter, 2002), which strictly keep the familywise type I error rate (FWE).In this paper, these methods have been generalized to allow for the use of full multivariate information on expression intensities of individual genes analysed by the Affymetrix GeneChip technology. In contrast to the usual strategy, which constructs an expression score for each gene, based on averaging of the different oligonucleotide (perfect‐ and miss‐match) information, and then performs some test on these summarized expression values, we suggest using a test procedure based on the complete multivariate perfect match information. We show that a multiple FWE‐controlling procedure for normally distributed data proposed by Westfall, Kropf, and Finos (2004), can be generalised to a more powerful procedure based on left‐spherically distributed scores derived from the perfect match information, without losing the FWE‐controlling property.To illustrate the proposed test procedures, which have been implemented in the statistical programming environment R, we analyse two already published data sets, comparing gene expression of tumour and healthy tissues within identical patients and between two groups of different patients, respectively. Using these examples, we demonstrated that the incorporation of the multivariate perfect match information is superior to classical expression score based methods with respect to the number of identifiable differentially expressed genes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation Following a Group Sequential Test
Authors: Liu Aiyi , Troendle James F. , Yu Kai F. , Yuan Vivian W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe consider estimation after a group sequential test. An estimator that is unbiased or has small bias may have substantial conditional bias (Troendle and Yu, 1999, Coburger and Wassmer, 2001). In this paper we derive the conditional maximum likelihood estimators of both the primary parameter and a secondary parameter, and investigate their properties within a conditional inference framework. The method applies to both the usual and adaptive group sequential test designs. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Algebraic preconditioning versus direct solvers for dense linear systems as arising in crack propagation problems
Authors: Bängtsson Erik , Neytcheva Maya 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPreconditioned iterative solution methods are compared with the direct Gaussian elimination method to solve dense linear systems Ax=b which originate from problems, discretized by boundary element method (BEM) techniques. Numerical experiments are presented and compared with the direct solution method available in a commercial BEM package, which show that the preconditioned iterative schemes are highly competitive with respect to both arithmetic operations required and memory demands. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constitutive repressor activity of CD33 on human monocytes requires sialic acid recognition and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐mediated intracellular signaling
Authors: Lajaunias Frédéric , Dayer Jean‐Michel , Chizzolini Carlo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractHuman CD33 is a myeloid‐restricted transmembrane protein of the sialic acid‐binding Ig‐like lectin (Siglec) family. While structural analysis predicts an inhibitory function, it remains unknown under which circumstances CD33 may operate as an inhibitory molecule. Here we show that treatment of human monocytes with anti‐CD33 mAb induces the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐8. However, decreased CD33 surface expression obtained by RNA interference using cognate small interfering RNA (siRNA) was specifically paralleled by spontaneous cytokine production. Similarly, sialic acid (CD33 ligand) removal from the monocyte surface by neuraminidase resulted in IL‐1β up‐regulation, while the addition of red blood cells or sialyllactosamine (but not lactosamine) reversed the effect of neuraminidase treatment, thus demonstrating the importance of ligand recognition by CD33 for repression of monocyte activation. Finally, inhibition of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) dramatically enhanced the IL‐1β response to anti‐CD33 and neuraminidase, while inhibition of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) abolished it. Simultaneous addition of both inhibitors resulted in low levels of IL‐1β, suggesting that CD33 exerts an inhibitory role mediated by PI3K, while p38 MAPK signaling is required for IL‐1β production. These data indicate that by controlling monocyte activation, CD33 is a key molecule in the inflammatory response, depending on the sialic acid microenvironment for its repressor activity.
Peripheral T cell tolerance occurs early during spontaneous prostate cancer development and can be rescued by dendritic cell immunization
Authors: Degl'Innocenti Elena , Grioni Matteo , Boni Andrea , Camporeale Annalisa , Bertilaccio Maria T. S. , Freschi Massimo , Monno Antonella , Arcelloni Cinzia , Greenberg Norman M. , Bellone Matteo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn the tumor‐prone transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) mouse model we followed the fate of the immune response against the SV40 large T antigen (Tag) selectively expressed in the prostate epithelium during the endogenous transformation from normal cells to tumors. Young (5–7‐week‐old) male TRAMP mice, despite a dim and patchy expression of Tag overlapping foci of mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, displayed a strong Tag‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response after an intradermal injection of peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells (DC). This response was weaker than the one found in vaccinated wild‐type littermates, and was characterized by a reduced frequency and avidity of Tag‐specific CTL. Early DC vaccination also subverted the profound state of peripheral tolerance typically found in TRAMP mice older than 9–10 weeks. The DC‐induced CTL response indeed was still detectable in TRAMP mice of 16 weeks, and was associated with histology evidence of reduced disease progression. Our findings suggest that tumor antigens are handled as self antigens, and peripheral tolerance is associated with in situ antigen overexpression and cancer progression. Our data also support a relevant role for DC‐based vaccines in controlling the induction of peripheral tolerance to tumor antigens.
Stimulation via Toll‐like receptor 9 reduces Cryptococcus neoformans‐induced pulmonary inflammation in an IL‐12‐dependent manner
Authors: Edwards Lorna , Williams Andrew E. , Krieg Arthur M. , Rae Aaron J. , Snelgrove Robert J. , Hussell Tracy 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCytosine‐phosphate‐guanosine‐containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) are important vaccine adjuvants that promote Th1‐type immune responses. Cryptococcus neoformans is a serious human pathogen that replicates in the lung but may disseminate systemically leading to meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Immunization of susceptible C57BL/6 mice with CpG ODN deviates the immune response from a Th2‐ toward a Th1‐type response following infection with C. neoformans. CpG also induces IL‐12, TNF, MCP‐1 and macrophage nitric oxide production. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN‐γ increase in frequency, while those producing IL‐5 decrease. More importantly, pulmonary eosinophilia is significantly reduced, an effect that depends on IL‐12 and CD8+ T cells but not NK cells. CpG treatment also reduces the burden of C. neoformans in the lung, an effect that is IL‐12‐, NK cell‐ and T cell‐independent and probably reflects a direct effect of CpG on pathogen opsonization or an enhancement of macrophage antimicrobial activity. An equivalent beneficial effect is also observed when CpG ODN treatment is delivered during established cryptococcal disease. This is the first study documenting that promotion of lung TLR9 signaling using synthetic agonists enhances host defense. Activation of innate immunity has clear therapeutic potential and may even be beneficial in patients with acquired immune deficiency.
Moving‐interface computations with the edge‐tracked interface locator technique (ETILT)
Authors: Cruchaga Marcela A. , Celentano Diego J. , Tezduyar Tayfun E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe describe, for simulation of flows with moving interfaces, a computational method based on the edge‐tracked interface locator technique (ETILT). The method described has been designed by bearing in mind the ease in managing a node‐based interface representation and the interface sharpness and volume conservation features of the Moving Lagrangian Interface Technique. We evaluate the performance of the method with a number of test problems: filling of a step cavity, gravity‐driven flow of an aluminium alloy in an obstructed channel, collapse of a liquid column, and the bore problem. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of transonic aerodynamic flows based on a hierarchical formulation
Authors: Hafez Mohamed , Wahba Essam 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, steady two‐dimensional potential flows over airfoils are calculated with and without entropy and vorticity corrections, due to the presence of shock waves and/or laminar boundary layers. The results are in agreement with the corresponding solutions of Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. The present approach is briefly described and some extensions are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behaviour of a bubble cluster in an ultrasound field
Authors: Matsumoto Yoichiro , Yoshizawa Shin 
Published: December 2004

AbstractUltrasound medical applications, such as an ultrasound imaging with micro‐bubble contrast agents, and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy have attracted much attention in recent years. These applications have a close relation to the motion of micro‐bubbles, so that it is essential to understand their dynamics. The bubble motion is influenced by the internal phenomena and its interaction with the surrounding medium, such as the thermal diffusion, the mist formation, the mass diffusion, the heat and mass transfer through the bubble wall. It is important that the oscillation of micro bubbles generates a strong acoustic pressure for these medical applications. The strong pressure also appears in the case of a bubble cluster, like a cloud cavitation. As these dynamics of bubbles are strongly influenced by the thermal phenomena inside them, it is necessary to construct the model taking these phenomena into account to analyse the behaviour of the bubble cluster precisely. Thus, the following effects are considered: the evaporation and condensation of the liquid at the bubble wall, the heat transfer through the bubble wall, and the compressibility of the liquid. Then the spherical bubble cluster is numerically simulated. When the frequency of the ultrasound is sufficiently high, the bubble cluster hardly oscillates. On the contrary, when the frequency of the ultrasound is at the resonance of the bubble cluster, the pressure wave generates the shock wave and it focuses to the cluster centre. As a result, the pressure inside the bubble at the cluster centre becomes much higher than that of a single bubble. Though this extreme high pressure causes the severe cavitation erosion, it is thought that this high energy concentration has the potential to be utilized for medical applications. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of middle childhood psychosomatic problems: An emotion regulation approach
Authors: Hagekull Berit , Bohlin Gunilla 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDevelopment of the psychosomatic problems picky eating and headache and stomachache complaints in middle childhood was investigated from an emotion regulation perspective. The role of negative emotionality and family emotion regulatory factors (attachment to mother and parental perceived control) was studied. The sample (N=87) was a predominantly middleclass, community sample. The study was longitudinal, based on data from several data collections between child age 11 months and 9 years. The results showed that headache and stomachache complaints were mainly predicted by early negative emotionality, and picky eating by the family factors. More negative emotionality, insecure attachment and less perceived control were related to more psychosomatic problems in linear and interaction models. The findings were interpreted as showing that by considering emotion regulation, a fruitful perspective for understanding the development of psychosomatic problems could be elaborated. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptions of aggression and withdrawal in early childhood
Authors: Giles Jessica W. , Heyman Gail D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo studies investigate young children's beliefs about aggression and withdrawal in others with reference to the possibility of stability and change. Study 1 (N=41) provides evidence that preschool children (1) view aggression in more essentialist ways (i.e. they believe it to be more stable and less changeable) than withdrawal and (2) believe that friends hold a greater potential to create change in aggression and withdrawal than do other potential sources of influence, such as parents and teachers. Study 2 (N=25) replicates the findings of Study 1 and also demonstrates that by preschool age, children hold systematic ideas about the effectiveness of strategies that friends can use to change the behaviour of their peers. These ideas include the belief that prosocial strategies, such as showing peers how to make friends, are more effective than requests to stop engaging in undesirable behaviour. Study 2 also demonstrates that preschool‐aged participants engaged in essentialist reasoning to a greater extent than did a comparison group of 20 7–8 year olds. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adsorptive monocyte‐granulocytapheresis (M‐GCAP) for refractory Crohn's disease
Authors: Kusaka Takeshi , Fukunaga Ken , Ohnishi Kunio , Kosaka Tadashi , Tomita Toshihiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Sawada Koji , Fukuda Yoshihiro , Miwa Hiroto , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSix patients with active Crohn's disease (CD) unresponsive to conventional medications (CM) were treated with Monocyte‐granulocytapheresis (M‐GCAP). CD patients who scored 200–400 points in Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) in spite of receiving CM, including enteral nutrition, for at least 2 weeks were enrolled in our double series trial. Each series had 5 weekly M‐GCAP and 2 follow‐up weeks, and each M‐GCAP treated 1,800 ml of patient's peripheral blood. After the 1st series, patients who decreased more than 50 points on the CDAI were deemed responders and enrolled in the second series. Patients with a CDAI score less than 150 points were considered in remission. The patients' quality of life was evaluated using an index (IBDQ) before and after the 1st series. The CDAI was significantly decreased comparing before and after the 1st series (258.2 ± 36.2 vs. 166.5 ± 16.6; P < 0.02). 50% of patients (3/6) responded to the therapy, and one case (16.7%) could be induced to remission. Significant removal was revealed only for white blood cells (25.6 ± 16.9%; P < 0.05), especially granulocytes (29.5 ± 22.5%; P < 0.05). A statistically significant improvement of IBDQ was revealed in the responders' group (162.3 ± 17.2 vs. 189.3 ± 11.5; P < 0.03). M‐GCAP could be an effective adjunctive therapy for active CD patients unresponsive to CM allowing them to maintain a high QOL. However, it might be difficult to improve patients who could not be induced to remission after the 1st series by applying another series. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:168–173, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma patients: Do we need an age‐adjusted regimen for the elderly?
Authors: Fietz T. , Rieger K. , Dimeo F. , Blau I.W. , Thiel E. , Knauf W.U. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe upper age limit for autologous progenitor cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients is increasing continuously. We examined whether this shift in the age of pretreated myeloma patients requires modification of mobilization regimen. We compared retrospectively 21 consecutive progenitor cell mobilizations in 15 pts < 60 years (median age 56, range 37–59) with 33 consecutive mobilizations in 23 pts > 60 years (median age 65, range 60–73) of age. The number of CD34 positive circulating cells before scheduled leukapheresis was a mean of 67,935 cells/mL (SEM ± 17,614) in the younger population and a mean of 19,069 (SEM ± 5,396) for older pts (P = 0.0027). In patients >60 years, 13/33 mobilizations (including 2 patients with 2 failing attempts) were not successful (39%), compared to 6/21 mobilizations (29%, including 1 patient with 3 failing attempts) in the younger population. The increased number of progenitor cells in the grafts of younger patients led to a more rapid regeneration of leukocytes and platelets after stem cell infusion. Our data show that stem cell mobilization in older multiple myeloma patients is inferior compared to a younger patient population. There is a trend towards more leukapheresis until the target stem cell dose has been collected, and the decreased number of progenitor cells in the actual graft delays engraftment of leukocytes and platelets. The overall number of unsuccessful mobilization attempts, however, did not differ significantly between both age groups. A special “age‐adjusted” increase in the dose of growth factors seems unjustified. Improvements in timing of leukapheresis, growth factor application, and mobilizing chemotherapy regimen as well as the use of alternative cytokines should be investigated for both age groups. J. Clin. Apheresis 19:202–207, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimation of the honeydew ratio in honey samples from their physicochemical data and from their volatile composition obtained by SPME and GC‐MS
Authors: Soria Ana C , González Montserrat , de Lorenzo Cristina , Martínez‐Castro Isabel , Sanz Jesús 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDifferentiation of nectar and honeydew honeys is difficult, not only because of the wide variability in composition and organoleptic properties among samples from the same source, but also because of the frequent existence of honeys resulting from a blend of nectar and honeydew. A mathematical expression to evaluate the relative presence of honeydew in a honey sample (HD) has been developed from relevant physicochemical properties of honey samples selected as highly representative of both honey types on the basis of their physico‐chemical and melissopalynological analysis. As honey aroma depends on its volatiles composition, GC‐MS analysis of the volatile fraction obtained by SPME has been carried out in order to evaluate its usefulness in honey source differentiation. Stepwise regression from multicomponent volatiles data was used for the estimation of HD and for determining which volatile compounds were related to the different honey sources. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of wilting and mechanical conditioning on proteolysis in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) wilted herbage and silage
Authors: Cavallarin Laura , Antoniazzi Sara , Borreani Giorgio , Tabacco Ernesto 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEnsiling legumes allows conservation of high‐quality forage. However, severe protein degradation occurs during ensiling of legumes. A field study was carried out in 1999 on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop) to investigate the effects of wilting and mechanical conditioning on proteolysis in wilted herbage and silage. The herbage was cut with both a rubber roll conditioning machine (C) and with a mower without conditioner (U). It was wilted in the field to three dry matter (DM) levels (220, 330 and 440 g kg−1) and ensiled in laboratory glass silos. The herbages and the silages were analysed for ensilability characteristics, fermentation quality and nitrogen fractions. During wilting the non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) values increased (p < 0.05) in both U and C treatment. The free amino acid (free AA) values increased (p < 0.05) from 2.4 to 12.9 and from 2.4 to 7.2 mol kg−1 total nitrogen, in the U and C treatments, respectively. Low wilted silages (DM content <320 g kg−1) underwent butyric acid fermentation and extensive proteolysis in both treatments, with lower (p < 0.05) NPN and free AA values in the C treatment. Mechanical conditioning may limit protein breakdown and catabolism of some essential amino acids by reducing the field wilting time in both sainfoin wilted herbage and silage. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Seed coat tannins and bruchid resistance in stored cowpea seeds
Authors: Lattanzio Vincenzo , Terzano Roberto , Cicco Nunzia , Cardinali Angela , Venere Donato Di , Linsalata Vito 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSeeds of wild species and varieties of Vigna were screened for their tannins and α‐amylase inhibitor contents as defensive compounds against cowpea weevil. Seed coats contained condensed tannins that were positively correlated to their colour but not to their resistance against the insect. The α‐amylase inhibitors were present in different amount in cotyledons of all species analysed. Amongst the cultivated lines assayed, Vigna unguiculata TVu 2027, an accession identified as moderately resistant, was found to contain the higher amount of α‐amylase inhibitor. When wild species were considered, V luteola and V vexillata (two resistant species) showed the highest content of α‐amylase inhibitors. In addition, two cultivated accessions (Vita 7 and IT 84E‐1‐108) of cowpea seeds, both classified as susceptible accessions, showing a different degree of bruchid damage in storage, were also analysed. No α‐amylase inhibitory activity was found in cotyledons of undamaged Vita 7 seeds, while the seed coat tannin content was found to be 13 times higher in undamaged Vita 7 seeds than in IT 84E‐1‐108 infested seeds. These latter results support the hypothesis that seed coat tannins must also be considered in biochemical defence mechanisms, which can deter, poison or starve bruchid larvae that feed on cowpea seeds. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry