bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and Periodontal Disease: A Case‐Control Study
Authors: Campus Guglielmo , Salem Abeer , Uzzau Sergio , Baldoni Edoardo , Tonolo Giancarlo 
Published: April 2005

Background: Periodontitis is often associated with diabetes and might be considered one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, both in Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM). This case‐control study was designed to evaluate the possible association between non–insulin‐dependent diabetes (T2DM) and clinical and microbiological periodontal disease among adult Sardinians.Methods: A total of 212 individuals participated in this study: 71 T2DM patients aged 61.0 ± 11.0 years and 141 non‐diabetic controls in good general health aged 59.1 ± 9.2 years. All subjects were given a clinical periodontal examination for probing depth, attachment level, presence of calculus, bleeding on probing, and assessment of plaque. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained, and P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and T. forsythensis were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.Results: T2DM patients showed a significantly lower number of teeth present (P = 0.002); a significant increase in number of probing depths >4 mm, and percent of pocket depths >4 mm (P = 0.04 and P = 0.05, respectively); periodontitis (P = 0.046); bleeding on probing (P = 0.02); and plaque index (P = 0.01). A significant association with diabetes was detected for plaque (X 2 = 4.46; P <0.05) and bleeding on probing (X 2 = 3.60; P <0.05). Concerning bacteria prevalence, a positive association was detected for P. gingivalis (X 2 = 2.80; P <0.05) and T. forsythensis (X2 = 3.87; P <0.05). Presence of plaque was positively associated with case status (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 3.6) and with prevalence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythensis (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.3, 2.2; and 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.8, respectively).Conclusion: Patients with T2DM undoubtedly have a susceptibility for more severe periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2005;76: 418‐425.
Clinical Response of Azithromycin as an Adjunct to Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Smokers
Authors: Mascarenhas Paulo , Gapski Ricardo , Al‐Shammari Khalaf , Hill Roger , Soehren Stephen , Fenno J. Christopher , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2005

Background: Antibiotic therapy can be used in very specific periodontal treatment situations such as in refractory cases of periodontal disease found to be more prevalent in smokers. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of azithromycin (AZM) when combined with scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis in smokers.Methods: Thirty‐one subjects were enrolled into a 6‐month randomized, single‐masked trial to evaluate clinical, microbial (using benzoyl‐ DL‐arginine naphthylamine [BANA] assay), and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) levels in response to SRP alone or SRP + AZM. At baseline, patients who smoked ≥1 pack per day of cigarettes who presented with at least five sites with probing depths (PD) of ≥5 mm with bleeding on probing (BOP) were randomized into the test or control groups. At baseline and 3 and 6 months, clinical measurements (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment loss [CAL], and bleeding on probing [BOP]) were performed. GCF bone marker assessment (Ctelopeptide [ICTP] as well as BANA test analyses) were performed at baseline, 14 days, and 3 and 6 months.Results: The results demonstrated that both groups displayed clinical improvements in PD and CAL that were sustained for 6 months. Using a subject‐based analysis, patients treated with SRP + AZM showed enhanced reductions in PD and gains in CAL at moderate (4 to 6 mm) and deep sites (>6 mm) (P <0.05). Furthermore, SRP + AZM resulted in greater reductions in BANA levels compared to SRP alone (P <0.05) while rebounds in BANA levels were noted in control group at the 6‐month evaluation. No statistically significant differences between groups on mean BOP and ICTP levels during the course of the study were noted.Conclusions: The utilization of AZM in combination with SRP improves the efficacy of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in reducing probing depth and improving attachment levels in smokers with moderate to advanced attachment loss. J Periodontol 2005;76:426‐436.
Aggressive Periodontitis in an Urban Population in Southern Brazil
Authors: Susin Cristiano , Albandar Jasim M. 
Published: April 2005

Background: There are limited data about the epidemiology and risk factors for aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Latin American and Brazilian populations. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of AgP and the risk associated with demographic variables, smoking behavior, and other periodontal variables in a young urban population in southern Brazil.Methods: A representative sample of 612 subjects aged 14 to 29 years were sampled using a multistage probability method. A full‐mouth clinical examination of six sites per tooth and an interview were performed in a mobile examination center. Subjects in the age groups 14 to 19 years and 20 to 29 years were classified with AgP if they had four or more teeth with attachment loss ≥4 mm or ≥5 mm, respectively.Results: AgP was found in 5.5% of the subjects. The disease occurred equally among males and females, but was twice as prevalent among non‐whites than whites. In the age groups 20 to 24 years and 25 to 29 years, the AgP subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of tooth loss (90.2% versus 40.4% and 86.1% versus 43.4%, P <0.01) and mean number of missing teeth (2.6 versus 0.9 and 3.4 versus 1.5, P <0.05) than subjects without attachment loss. The AgP subjects also had significantly higher percentages of sites with dental plaque (P <0.0001), gingival bleeding (P <0.05), and supragingival calculus (P <0.0001) than normal subjects. The risk for AgP was higher in the 25‐ to 29‐year than the 14‐ to 19‐year age groups (odds ratio [OR] = 6.2), in the low than middle or high socioeconomic status (OR = 4.5), in moderate or heavy smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 3.1), and in subjects with ≥10% versus <10% sites with supragingival calculus (OR = 3.6).Conclusion: Socioeconomic status, smoking, and dental calculus were significant risk indicators of aggressive periodontitis in this population. Suitable periodontal prevention programs implementing these risk indicators may prevent or reduce the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in this and similar populations. J Periodontol 2005;76:468‐475.
FePt Hard Magnets
Authors: Gutfleisch O. , Lyubina J. , Müller K.‐H. , Schultz L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe FePt alloys have recently attracted considerable attention due to their excellent intrinsic magnetic, chemical and mechanical properties. Their possible usage ranges from permanent magnets for special applications (e.g. in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, magnetic MEMS, and in aggressive environments) to ultra‐high density magnetic storage media. The article describes general aspects concerning the phase formation and magnetic properties of materials based on the L10 FePt phase. Both thin film and bulk approaches are considered. The production of bulk nanocrystalline Fe100‐xPtx powders by mechanical alloying and subsequent annealing is described. Various combinations of phases, away from thermodynamic equilibrium, have been obtained using this technique.
Deforming Nanocrystalline Metals: New Insights, New Puzzles
Authors: Weissmüller J. , Markmann J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractRecent experiments have brought new insights into the mechanisms which govern the plasticity of nanocrystalline metals. In particular, new opportunities have arisen from the finding that bulk nanocrystalline samples with extremely small grain size, prepared by the inert gas condensation technique, can be deformed to large true strain. The findings elucidate the roles of creep, partial dislocation activity along with its consequences, faulting and twinning, as well as grain boundary sliding and grain rotation. However, they also rise intriguing new questions, specifically with respect to the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation at grain boundaries, and with respect to slip system selection and alignment in twinned grains. An emerging insight is that there is not ‘the’ deformation mechanism at small grain size; instead, deformation mechanism maps in, for instance, the parameter space spanned by the strain rate and the grain size, are more appropriate representations of the various processes that control the materials behavior.
Kinetic parameter estimation for a multiresponse nonlinear reaction model
Authors: Routray Kamalakanta , Deo Goutam 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe kinetic parameters are successfully estimated for the propane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) reaction over vanadia–alumina catalyst under steady‐state conditions. The 5% V2O5/Al2O3 catalyst is synthesized using an incipient‐wetness impregnation technique. Characterization studies, such as surface area measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), reveal that only reducible molecularly dispersed surface vanadium oxide species are present and the Al2O3 support is not affected. Reaction data suggest that COx's (CO and CO2) are secondary products. Consequently, a single‐site consecutive Mars–van Krevelen (MVK) mechanism is chosen to explain the reaction data. This consecutive reaction mechanism explains the steady‐state reaction data obtained as a function of reaction temperature and propane to oxygen molar ratio. The kinetic parameters are estimated using a nonlinear multiresponse analysis. A determinant criterion is used as the objective function for minimization, which is achieved with a real‐coded genetic algorithm (GA). Based on a profiling technique the kinetic parameters are tested for nonlinearity and correlation between parameters. Additional use of the profiling technique is in reparameterization and obtaining maximum likelihood intervals. The application of the estimated kinetic parameters for improved understanding of the reaction, the optimum conditions of reactor operation, and catalyst design are then discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Design of reactive distillations for acetic acid esterification
Authors: Tang Yeong‐Tarng , Chen Yi‐Wei , Huang Hsiao‐Ping , Yu Cheng‐Ching , Hung Shih‐Bo , Lee Ming‐Jer 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe reactive distillation provides an attractive alternative for reaction/separation processes with reversible reactions, especially for etherification and esterification. The discrete nature of chemical species and the complexity of phase equilibria seem to cloud the picture in understanding reactive distillation. The esterifications of acetic acid with five different alcohols, ranging from C1 to C5, are studied. First, qualitative relationships between macroscopic process flowsheet and microscopic phase equilibria are established, and the process flowsheets are classified into type I, II, and III for these five systems. Next, a systematic design procedure is devised to optimize the design, based on the total annual cost (TAC) and dominant design variables are identified for different flowsheets. Once quantitative design is available, process characteristic are analyzed and potential problems in process operation are identified. Finally, the economic potentials of these three different flowsheets are explored and explanations are given. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to systemize the design of reactive distillation by qualitatively generating flowsheet from phase equilibria and by quantitatively completing the process flow diagram from a sequential design procedure. Moreover, some of the flowsheets presented in this work cannot be found elsewhere in the open literature. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Zipfian and Lotkaian continuous concentration theory
Authors: Egghe L. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn this article concentration (i.e., inequality) aspects of the functions of Zipf and of Lotka are studied. Since both functions are power laws (i.e., they are mathematically the same) it suffices to develop one concentration theory for power laws and apply it twice for the different interpretations of the laws of Zipf and Lotka. After a brief repetition of the functional relationships between Zipf's law and Lotka's law, we prove that Price's law of concentration is equivalent with Zipf's law. A major part of this article is devoted to the development of continuous concentration theory, based on Lorenz curves. The Lorenz curve for power functions is calculated and, based on this, some important concentration measures such as the ones of Gini, Theil, and the variation coefficient. Using Lorenz curves, it is shown that the concentration of a power law increases with its exponent and this result is interpreted in terms of the functions of Zipf and Lotka.
Maleimido‐Terminated Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Wang Yayun , Cai Jun , Rauscher Hubert , Behm Rolf Jürgen , Goedel Werner A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractFour approaches have been explored for the preparation of maleimido‐functionalized self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on silicon. SAMs prepared by self‐assembly of maleimido‐functionalized alkyltrichlorosilanes (11‐maleimido‐undecyl‐trichlorosilane) on oxide‐covered silicon yield higher signals from maleimido functionalities in ATR‐IR (attenuated total reflection IR) spectroscopy and XPS (X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) than the other three methods. The surface composition of maleimido groups was tailored further by the formation of mixed monolayers with nonfunctionalized alkyltrichlorosilanes (decyltrichlorosilane). The order of the alkyl chains within the monolayers only slightly depends on the composition of the mixed monolayers. We utilized the maleimido‐terminated SAMs to bind various nucleophilic compounds, alkylamines, alkylthiols, and thiol‐tagged DNA oligonucleotides by means of conjugate addition.
Self‐Assembled Structure in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Hao Jingcheng , Song Aixin , Wang Jingzheng , Chen Xiao , Zhuang Wenchang , Shi Feng , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSelf‐assembled vesicles, structurally equivalent to some hydrotropes, have been obtained from a Zn2+–fluorous surfactant or in the mixture of Zn2+–fluorous surfactant/zwitterionic surfactant in room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The existence of bilayers arranged in vesicles in RTILs would be very exciting, open several new possibilities as reaction media, and increase our understanding of the physical and chemical factors for self‐assembling systems in RTILs.
Topography of pig retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Garcá Mónica , Ruiz‐Ederra Javier , Hernández‐Barbáchano Henesto , Vecino Elena 
Published: April 2005

AbstractIn the present work we analyzed the distribution of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the pig retina. RGCs were retrogradely labeled in vivo by injecting Fluoro‐Gold into the optic nerve. RGC density and the distribution of RGCs in terms of soma size were analyzed. Different regions of the porcine retina were identified following analysis of the distribution of RGCs in terms of cell density and soma size: in the central retina, we found a high‐density horizontal RGC band lying dorsal to the optic disc. Moreover, in this region, a high proportion of RCGs with small soma size was observed. From the central to the more peripheral retina, we observed a decrease in RGC density, together with a greater presence of RGCs with larger somas. The results of this study should prove to be useful as a foundation for future studies with the porcine retina as a model in ophthalmic research. The study also highlights the necessity to label the RGC population specifically with retrograde tracers in order to quantify precisely alterations in the cell population associated with experimental treatments. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:361–372, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selectivity of Asymmetric Macrocyclic Compartmental Lanthanide(III) Complexes towards Alkali and Alkaline‐Earth Metal Ions
Authors: Barge Alessandro , Botta Mauro , Casellato Umberto , Tamburini Sergio , Alessandro Vigato P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe asymmetric macrocyclic compartmental ligand H2L, derived from the [1+1] condensation of 3,3'‐(3‐oxapentane‐1,5‐diyldioxy)bis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) with 1,5‐diamine‐3‐azamethylpentane, forms the complexes [LnNa(L)(Cl)2(CH3OH)] (Ln = La–Nd, Sm–Lu) where the lanthanide(III) ion resides in the N3O2 Schiff base coordination site and thesodium ion is located in the O3O2 crown‐like cavity. The new heterodinuclear complexes [LnCa(L)(Cl)2(CH3OH)(H2O)]Cl (Ln = Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb) were prepared and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and their homogeneity and stoichiometry (Ln:Ca:Cl = 1:1:3 molar ratio) were ascertained by SEM‐EDS analysis. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure of [YbCa(L)(Cl2)(EtOH)(H2O)]·Cl·2H2O has been determined. The complex is monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 10.033(2), b = 11.702(2), c = 27.796(6) Å and β = 105.51(3)°. The ytterbium ion is seven‐coordinate within the N3O2 site and is in a pentagonal bipyramidal environment and bonded, in the axial positions, to two chloride ions. The calcium ion is seven‐coordinate within the O3O2 site and is bonded to the ethyl alcohol oxygen and to one water molecule. The significant contact between the calcium ion and the chloride ions increases the coordination number of the metal ion to eight in a square antiprismatic environment. The selectivity of the etheric site towards alkali and alkaline‐earth metal ions has been quantitatively assessed by evaluating, with 23Na NMR spectroscopy, the transmetallation reaction involving the coordinated Na+ ion in the complexes [LnNa(L)(Cl)2 (CH3OH)] (Ln = Tb, Dy, Tm and Yb) and Li+, K+ and Ca2+. The affinity constants follow the general order KCa >> KLi ≥ KK. Quantitative kinetic analyses were performed on the complex [TmNa(L)(Cl)2(CH3OH)] using variable temperature 23Na NMR spectroscopy in CD3OD. It was ascertained that the exchange rate Nabound/Nafree is independent of the presence of increasing amounts of water in the methanolic solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
An Exploration of the Structural and Bonding Variability in Mixed‐Ligand Benzimidazole‐2‐thione(bromo)(triarylphosphane)dicopper(I) Complexes with Diamond‐Shaped Cu2(μ‐X)2 Core Structures
Authors: Hadjikakou Sotiris K. , Antoniadis Constantinos D. , Aslanidis Paraskevas , Cox Philip J. , Tsipis Athanassios C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractReaction of copper(I) bromide with benz‐1,3‐imidazole‐2‐thione (bzimtH2) in the presence of one equivalent of triphenylphosphane (PPh3), tri‐meta‐tolylphosphane (tmtp) or tri‐para‐tolylphosphane (tptp) in acetonitrile/methanol solvent afforded dinuclear complexes formulated as [CuBr(bzimtH2)(PR3)]2. The new complexes were characterized by IR, UV/Vis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy, while the crystal structures of [{CuBr(μ2‐S‐bzimtH2)(PPh3)}2]0.78[{Cu(μ2‐Br)(PPh3)(bzimtH2)}2]0.22 (1), [CuBr(μ2‐S‐bzimtH2)(tmtp)]2 (2) and [CuBr(μ2‐S‐bzimtH2)(tptp)]2 (3) were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. In complex 1, with spectator PPh3 ligands, the unit cell of the crystal consists of two different half‐molecules, both corresponding to the formula [CuBr(bzimtH2)(PPh3)]2. One of the two molecules (molecule A) is a symmetrical dicopper(I) complex in which the exocyclic thione S‐atoms serve as bridges between the CuI ions. The second one (molecule B) is disordered and can be resolved into two separate entities, one μ2‐S dicopper(I) complex, similar to molecule A (molecule B1), and another one (molecule B2) involving μ2‐Br bridges. In contrast, in complexes 2 and 3, with spectator tmtp and tptp ligands, only the bzimtH2‐bridged dicopper complexes are formed. Density functional calculations at the B3LYP level of theory provided a satisfactory description of the structural, bonding, electronic and related properties of all dicopper complexes exhibiting the “diamond‐shaped” Cu2(μ‐X)2 (X = S or Br) core structures and account well for their structural preferences. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Reactivity of Lewis Acid/Base Stabilized Phosphanyl‐ and Arsanylboranes towards a Platinum(0) Complex
Authors: Vogel Ulf , Schwan Karl‐Christian , Hoemensch Petra , Scheer Manfred 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Lewis acid/base stabilized phosphanylboranes and ‐arsanes [(CO)5W(H2EBH2·NMe3)] (1a: E = P; 1b: E = As) have been shown to react with the platinum(0) complex [(Ph3P)2Pt(C2H4)] under oxidative addition of the E–H bond to the platinum center. The complexes cis‐[(Ph3P)2Pt(H)(μ‐EHBH2·NMe3)W(CO)5] (2a: E = P; 2b: E = As) are formed. Complex 2a is unstable in solution at room temperature and slowly reacts with loss of carbon monoxide to form [(Ph3P)2Pt(μ‐H)(μ‐EHBH2·NMe3)W(CO)4] (3a: E = P). An analogous complex 3b (E = As) is formed from 2b only by refluxing in CH2Cl2. The reaction of 2a to 3a can be reversed by addition of CO, whereas the arsenic compound 3b does not show this reactivity pattern. All new compounds have been comprehensively characterized by spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Intramolecular “CH···π(Metal Chelate Ring) Interactions” as Structural Evidence for Metalloaromaticity in Bis(pyridine‐2,6‐diimine)RuII Complexes
Authors: Jiang Yan‐feng , Xi Chan‐juan , Liu Yu‐zhou , Niclós‐Gutiérrez Juan , Choquesillo‐Lazarte Duane 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of two novel RuII complexes (1 and 2) with tridentate pyridine‐2,6‐diimine ligands are described. In both compounds, ortho‐CH bonds from the phenyl or phenyl‐like rings produce unexpected CH···π interactions with ruthenium‐α,α'‐diimine chelate rings. This insight is thought to provide new structural evidence for the metalloaromaticity of the chelate rings in the ruthenium complexes studied. The molecular geometry of complex 1 is remarkably similar to S4 symmetrical geometry, which is also a consequence of the four CH···π(chelate ring) interactions working cooperatively. In contrast, there are only two pairs of these interactions working in complex 2 because of the steric effects and electronic influences caused by the methyl‐group substitutions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)