bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Responses of Native and Nonnative Fishes to Natural Flow Regime Mimicry in the San Juan River
Authors: Propst David L. , Gido Keith B. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe maintenance or restoration of natural flow regimes has been proposed as one means of conserving native fishes. Native fish conservation is enhanced either through the restoration of natural fluvial geomorphic processes (and thus the maintenance of essential habitats) or by the suppression of nonnative fishes. The San Juan River of Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah was dammed in 1962 and its natural flow regime was lost. Beginning in 1993, the river was regulated to mimic a natural flow regime by increasing reservoir releases to mimic timing, but only partially to mimic amplitude, volume, and duration of spring snowmelt discharge. We evaluated the responses of native and nonnative fishes to this natural flow regime mimicry by comparing their autumn densities (number/m2) in San Juan River secondary channels to those during spring runoff and summer base flow over a 9‐year period. Densities of native speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus, bluehead sucker Catostomus discobolus, and flannelmouth sucker C. latipinnis increased with elevated spring discharge. Total native fish density was 10 times greater in 1993 (the year of highest spring discharge) than in 2000 (the year of lowest spring discharge). Collectively, nonnative fish density was negatively related to spring discharge, but western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis was the only commonly collected nonnative that had a significant relationship. Mean daily summer discharge did not affect the density of native or nonnative fishes. Nonnative fishes, however, responded positively to sustained low summer flows (days discharge was less than 14 m3/s). Densities of red shiner Cyprinella lutrensis, common carp Cyprinus carpio, and western mosquitofish were four or more times greater in 2000 (a year of sustained low summer discharge) than in years with comparatively high summer discharge. Speckled dace was the only native species negatively affected by extended low summer discharge. Our results suggest that manipulating spring discharge to mimic a natural flow regime enhances native fish recruitment but might have limited effect in suppressing nonnative fishes, particularly fecund, rapidly growing, small‐bodied species.
Testing the Ability of a Temperature‐Based Model to Predict the Growth of Age‐0 Arctic Grayling
Authors: Dion Cheryl A. , Hughes Nicholas F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe tested the ability of a temperature‐based growth model for European grayling (also known as grayling)Thymallus thymallusto predict the growth rate of age‐0 Arctic graylingT. arcticusin two reaches of a small Alaskan stream. We compared observed and predicted lengths at weekly intervals in both reaches during the summers of 2000 and 2001, calculating predicted lengths from information on daily mean water temperature and the length of larval fish at the start of the growing season. In one reach, the model accurately predicted growth over the course of both summers and the differences in growth between summers. In the other reach, observed length fell below predicted length at 4– 5 weeks of age in both years. We hypothesize that the model works well when prey abundance does not limit growth but fails when low prey density limits the fish's daily ration.
Spatial–Temporal Dynamics of Early Feeding Demand and Food Supply for Sockeye Salmon Fry in Lake Washington
Authors: Beauchamp David A. , Sergeant Christopher J. , Mazur Michael M. , Scheuerell Jennifer M. , Schindler Daniel E. , Scheuerell Mark D. , Fresh Kurt L. , Seiler David E. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe compared temporal consumption rates by sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka fry with food supply to evaluate how different survival and dispersal rates or additional hatchery production affected the winter carrying capacity of Lake Washington, Washington. Peak immigration of sockeye salmon fry into southern Lake Washington precedes the spring zooplankton bloom by 2–3 months. Zooplankton density, fish diet, and growth were sampled during winter and spring 2001, when a record 52.4 million fry entered the lake. Supplementary information on the distribution and dispersal of fry was collected in 2002 and 2003. We used bioenergetics modeling to estimate the temporal–spatial consumption by fry during early lake rearing. Cyclops bicuspidatus were dominant in the diet and zooplankton assemblage but declined from more than 30/L in late February and early March to fewer than 5/L during mid‐March and early April. Fry ate significantly larger Cyclops than the average size in the lake; approximately 83% of the food items in the stomachs were larger than 0.8 mm, which was the minimum food item size. Hydroacoustics and midwater trawling surveys during 2002 and 2003 suggested that fry dispersed quickly over the southern half of the lake and used depths of 0–30 m. Under the most realistic scenarios for fry dispersal, feeding, and survival, total consumption of all prey by sockeye salmon fry represented 5% of the average monthly biomass of Cyclops during March and early April, when their availability was lowest. Potential bottlenecks in the availability of Cyclops only developed in simulations when fry were restricted to feeding in 0–10‐m depths in the southernmost region of the lake. Despite the seemingly adequate food supply for sockeye salmon fry, other planktivores also consume significant fractions of the exploitable prey biomass, and the interannual availability of exploitable zooplankton varies considerably during winter and early spring. Either of these factors could impinge on the localized food supply for sockeye salmon and other species during some years and should be considered in the adaptive management of any enhancement program.
Impact of Oligotrophication, Temperature, and Water Levels on Walleye Habitat in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario
Authors: Chu C. , Minns C. K. , Moore J. E. , Millard E. S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecent environmental changes in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, have coincided with a decline in the stocks of walleye Sander vitreus. Suitable habitat supply was estimated in three sections of the bay during the summers of 1972–2001 to assess its role in the decline. An empirical model was developed to predict suitable habitat area for walleyes based on their preferences for cool water and low light intensity. The results indicated that lack of suitable light limits walleye habitat in the bay. Walleye habitat in the shallow upper bay has decreased at the rate of 34 ha/year since the invasion of dreissenid mussels in 1994, while that in the middle and lower bays has remained abundant. Walleye stocks and suitable habitat in the upper bay have both declined since the early 1990s. However, this pattern has not been consistent through time and suggests that other factors have also affected the Bay of Quinte walleye population. The analyses developed here can be used as a tool to enhance the assessment of walleye habitat dynamics in the Bay of Quinte and allow us to examine the impact of oligotrophication on the habitat of an important recreational and commercial species.
A Distinctive Microsatellite Locus That Differentiates Ocean‐Type from Stream‐Type Chinook Salmon in the Interior Columbia River Basin
Authors: Narum Shawn R. , Powell Madison S. , Talbot AndréJ. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha display two life history strategies that are referred to as ocean type and stream type. Ocean‐type Chinook salmon typically differ from stream‐type fish in juvenile migration timing, adult spawning location, and run timing. Spatial and temporal separation during spawning can lead to reproductive isolation and genetic divergence between the two life history strategies. We identified a distinctive microsatellite locus, OtsG474, capable of distinguishing ocean‐type from stream‐type Chinook salmon in 93% of the samples collected from various rivers within the interior Columbia River basin (east of the Cascade Mountains). Allele frequencies at OtsG474 revealed major differences in the dominant allele as well as in the number of alleles detected in each type. This distinctive marker may be highly useful as part of a suite of microsatellite loci, allowing managers to detect the two types of Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin. Further research is necessary to determine the ability of this locus to discriminate Chinook salmon types in the lower Columbia River and other river basins coastwide.
Discrete particle simulation of gas fluidization of particle mixtures
Authors: Feng Y. Q. , Xu B. H. , Zhang S. J. , Yu A. B. , Zulli P. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis report presents a numerical study of segregation and mixing of binary mixtures of particles in a gas‐fluidized bed by means of discrete particle simulation, where the motion of individual particles is 3‐D and the flow of continuous gas is 2‐D. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to the front and rear walls to represent a bed of large thickness with a relatively small number of particles. Two initial packing conditions are used in this simulation: completely separated, with the flotsam (1 × 10−3 m in diameter) on the top of the jetsam (2 × 10−3 m in diameter), and well mixed. The flotsam and jetsam are of the same density, with each counting 50% in weight. Gas is injected uniformly at the bottom. Two superficial gas velocities, 1.0 and 1.4 m/s, are used in the simulation, producing significant segregation and good mixing, respectively. The results show that the degree and rate of segregation or mixing are significantly affected by gas velocity and the final equilibrium states are not affected by the initial packing states for a given gas velocity. Significant segregation occurs at a gas velocity of 1.0 m/s, with the top fluidized layer rich in flotsam and the bottom defluidized layer rich in jetsam, whereas there was less segregation at 1.4 m/s with most of the bed fluidized. The simulated results are qualitatively comparable with those observed in the physical experiments conducted under similar conditions. On this basis, the mixing kinetics obtained from the numerical simulation is quantified with a weighted Lacey mixing index and explained in terms of microdynamic results in relation to particle–particle and particle–fluid interactions. It is proposed that an appropriate sampling size should be able to describe properly the two extremes: well mixed and fully segregated. The results also demonstrate that size segregation occurs as a result of the strong fluid drag force lifting the flotsam before a dynamical equilibrium is reached, and the particle–particle interaction, like the particle–fluid interaction, plays an important role in achieving uniform fluidization. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1713–1728, 2004
Newly recognized syndrome with heminasal aplasia and ocular anomalies or wider spectrum of heminasal aplasia/atypical clefting syndrome?
Authors: Guion‐Almeida Maria Leine , Machado‐Paula Ligiane Alves , Richieri‐Costa Antonio 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe report on five unrelated Brazilian patients with heminasal aplasia associated with diverses anomalies, including lateral proboscis, and anomalies of the eye and first branchial arch. We suggest that these patients represent different conditions within the spectrum of the heminasal aplasia malformation. Clinical, genetic, and differential diagnosis are discussed. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Analogues of Sydnone: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Evaluation
Authors: Moustafa Mohamed A. , Gineinah Magdy M. , Nasr Magda N. , Bayoumi Waleed A. H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNew sydnone derivatives bearing a substituted phenyl ring at the 3‐position have been synthesized. Two separate series of 3‐(carboxyphenyl)sydnone derivatives have been prepared by cyclization of the corresponding N‐nitroso‐N‐(carboxyphenyl)‐glycine 3. The obtained 3‐(carboxyphenyl)sydnones 4 were subjected to a series of different chemical reactions on the carboxylic acid group. Compound 5, the potassium salt of 4a, was reacted with α‐chloroacetanilide derivatives 6 to give the corresponding esters 7. On the other hand, the acid hydrazide 9 was condensed with different aromatic aldehydes to give the corresponding arylidene derivatives 10. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative organisms. Some of the test compounds exhibited high activity; among them, 10d is considered to be a lead compound possessing high broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity.
Scherfestigkeit durch Kapillarität in unzementierten ungesättigten bindigen Böden
Authors: Schick Peter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractDie Scherfestigkeit ungesättigter Böden ist infolge der wirkenden Kapillarkräfte größer als im gesättigten Zustand. Ein Umstand, der die Sicherheit geotechnischer Konstruktionen in oft unbekanntem Maße erhöht. Vorhandene Kapillarspannungen können über die pF‐Kurve (Sättigungs‐Wasserspannungs‐Beziehung) abgeschätzt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Möglichkeit angegeben, die Scherfestigkeit über den gesamten Bereich möglicher Wasserspannungen – insbesondere die maximale kapillarbedingte Scherfestigkeit eines austrocknenden Bodens – zu ermitteln. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Mindestwert der Gesamtscherfestigkeit, zu dem ggf. Anteile infolge anderer Bindungsarten zu addieren sind. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die sättigungsabhängige maximale Höhe eines ungestützten Geländesprungs sowie die Rißsicherheit einer austrocknenden mineralischen Dichtung angegeben. Die Möglichkeit des Auftretens großer Wasserspannungen wird diskutiert.
Particle Technology: Design of Particulate Products and Dispersed Systems
Authors: Teipel U. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThere are currently a number of subjects related to particle technology, i.e., to particle formation processes and the design of particulate products and disperse systems, that still require further investigation, including the characterization and experimental determination of various particle properties, the simulation and modeling of process operation involving dispersed products and, in particular, the relationship between product properties and the properties of dispersed systems and particles. This work discusses example methods for creating particles and presents a method for the indirect detection of the inner structure of dispersed systems.
Coupled Mass and Heat Transfer between a Cone and a Power‐Law Fluid
Authors: Elperin T. , Fominykh A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCoupled mass and heat transfer between a cone and a non‐Newtonian fluid was studied when the concentration level of the solute in the solvent is finite (finite dilution of solute approximation). Convective heat and mass transfer between a laminar flow and a stationary cone and between a rotating cone and a quiescent fluid is investigated. Solutions of both problems are found in the form of the dependencies of Sherwood number vs. Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Coupled thermal effects during dissolution and solute concentration level effect on the rate of mass transfer are investigated. It is found that the rate of mass transfer between a cone and a non‐Newtonian fluid increases with the increase of the solute concentration level. The suggested approach is valid for high Peclet and Schmidt numbers. Isothermal and nonisothermal cases of dissolution are considered whereby the latter is described by the coupled equations of mass and heat transfer. It is shown that for positive dimensionless heat of dissolution, K > 0, thermal effects cause the increase of the mass transfer rate in comparison with the isothermal case. On the contrary, for K < 0 thermal effects cause the decrease of the mass transfer rate in comparison with the isothermal case. The latter effect becomes more pronounced with the increase of the concentration level of the solute in a solvent.
Business Models in Fine Chemical Engineering
Authors: Schlüter V. , Hoff D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractChemistry and pharmaceutical companies are increasingly awarding assignments for plant planning and construction to external engineering service providers. Both national and international companies with various business models are active in this growth market. A number of variously oriented engineering companies have specialized in the specific demands of planning plants for the production of fine chemicals and active ingredients for pharmaceuticals. Customers as well as the service‐providers themselves ask which companies or company models meet customer needs best in this segment. Which assignment form is the most efficient? Is it an award to a general contractor, possibly with a lump‐sum turnkey assignment? Or is the customer better off with individual planning assignments? A study with focus on the Central European fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries shows: there is no standardized engineering solution. Each business model has specific advantages and disadvantages; as a result, the partners must design their individual model. The respective contract form depends on many components – on product, time and cost pressure and, last not least, on the customer's remaining engineering competence.
CeAgAs2 — A New Derivative of the HfCuSi2 Type of Structure: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Demchyna R. , Jemetio J. P. F. , Prots Yu. , Doert Th. , Akselrud L. G. , Schnelle W. , Kuz'ma Yu. , Grin Yu. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aminocyclopentadienyl Ruthenium Complexes as Racemization Catalysts for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Choi Jun Ho , Choi Yoon Kyung , Kim Yu Hwan , Park Eun Sil , Kim Eun Jung , Kim Mahn‐Joo , Park Jaiwook 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Effective Use of Benzoic Anhydride and Its Derivatives for the Synthesis of Carboxylic Esters and Lactones: A Powerful and Convenient Mixed Anhydride Method Promoted by Basic Catalysts.
Authors: Shiina Isamu , Kubota Mari , Oshiumi Hiromi , Hashizume Minako 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel 1,3,5‐Tris(arylazo)benzenes via Pd‐Catalyzed Couplings and Cu(I)‐Mediated Direct Oxidations.
Authors: Lim Young‐Kwan , Choi Sunju , Park Kyung Bae , Cho Cheon‐Gyu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dihydrofurocoumarin and Dihydrofurodihydropyrid‐2‐one Derivatives via Palladium Catalyzed Cascades Involving Aryl/Heteroaryl/Vinyl Iodides and Allene Followed by Acid Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Grigg Ronald , Nurnabi Mohammad , Sarkar M. Ruhul A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrocarbazoles as 5‐HT6 Serotonin Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Chang‐Fong Jean , Rangisetty Jagadeesh B. , Dukat Malgorzata , Setola Vincent , Raffay Thomas , Roth Bryan , Glennon Richard A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
5‐Pyrimidylboronic Acid and 2‐Methoxy‐5‐pyrimidylboronic Acid: New Heteroarylpyrimidine Derivatives via Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Saygili Nezire , Batsanov Andrei S. , Bryce Martin R. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
(S)‐N‐[1‐(4‐Cyclopropylmethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo [1,4]oxazin‐6‐yl)‐ethyl]‐3‐(2‐fluoro‐phenyl)‐acrylamide Is a Potent and Efficacious KCNQ2 Opener which Inhibits Induced Hyperexcitability of Rat Hippocampal Neurons.
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Carbostannylation Reaction of Fluorine‐Containing Internal Acetylenes with Allylstannanes.
Authors: Konno Tsutomu , Takehana Tsuyoshi , Chae Jungha , Ishihara Takashi , Yamanaka Hiroki 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxyindolin‐2‐one Alkaloids, (.+‐.)‐Donaxaridine and (.+‐.)‐Convolutamydines A and E, Through Enolization—Claisen Rearrangement of 2‐Allyloxyindolin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Kawasaki Tomomi , Nagaoka Miyuki , Satoh Tomoko , Okamoto Ayako , Ukon Rie , Ogawa Atsuyo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Macrolide Antibacterial Agents via an Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide.
Authors: Gu Yu Gui , Zhang Xiaolin , Clark Richard F. , Djuric Stevan W. , Ma Zhenkun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
3‐Alkyl‐ and 3‐Aryl‐7H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromen‐7‐ones as Blockers of the Voltage‐Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3.
Authors: Wernekenschnieder A. , Koerner P. , Haensel W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 4‐Amino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2‐benzazepine‐3‐ones, Conformationally Constrained Phenylalanine Mimetics
Authors: Van Rompaey Karolien , Van den Eynde Isabelle , Tourwe Dirk 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Highly Active Nonpeptidic α‐ vs. β‐3 Integrin Antagonists
Authors: Thumshirn Georgette , Sulyok Gabor A. G. , Weber Dirk , Goodman Simon L. , Wiesner Matthias , Kessler Horst 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simulation of dam‐ and dyke‐break hydrodynamics on dynamically adaptive quadtree grids
Authors: Liang Q. , Borthwick A. G. L. , Stelling G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFlooding due to the failure of a dam or dyke has potentially disastrous consequences. This paper presents a Godunov‐type finite volume solver of the shallow water equations based on dynamically adaptive quadtree grids. The Harten, Lax and van Leer approximate Riemann solver with the Contact wave restored (HLLC) scheme is used to evaluate interface fluxes in both wet‐ and dry‐bed applications. The numerical model is validated against results from alternative numerical models for idealized circular and rectangular dam breaks. Close agreement is achieved with experimental measurements from the CADAM dam break test and data from a laboratory dyke break undertaken at Delft University of Technology. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.