bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Healthcare Disparities Relevant to Interventional Radiology
Authors: Marchak Katherine , Singh Davinder , Malavia Mira , Trivedi Premal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRacial, ethnic, and gender disparities have received focused attention recently, as they became more visible in the COVID era. We continue to learn more about how healthcare disparities manifest for our patients and, more broadly, the structural underpinnings that result in predictable outcomes gaps. This review summarizes what we know about disparities relevant to interventional radiologists. The prevalence and magnitude of disparities are quantified and discussed where relevant. Specific examples are provided to demonstrate how factors like gender, ethnicity, social status, geography, etc. interact to create inequities in the delivery of interventional radiology (IR) care. Understanding and addressing health disparities in IR is crucial for improving real-world patient outcomes and reducing the economic burden associated with ineffective and low-value care. Finally, the importance of intentional mentorship, outreach, education, and equitable distribution of high-quality healthcare to mitigate these disparities and promote health equity in interventional radiology is discussed.
Habits and the socioeconomic patterning of health-related behaviour: a pragmatist perspective
Authors: Katainen Anu , Gronow Antti 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnhealthy behaviours are more prevalent in lower than in higher socioeconomic groups. Sociological attempts to explain the socioeconomic patterning of health-related behaviour typically draw on practice theories, as well as on the concept of lifestyles. When accounting for “sticky” habits and social structures, studies often ignore individuals’ capacity for reflection. The opposite is also true: research on individual-level factors has difficulty with the social determinants of behaviour. We argue that the pragmatist concept of habit is not only a precursor to practice theories but also offers a dynamic and action-oriented understanding of the mechanisms that “recruit” individuals to health-related practices. In pragmatism, habits are not merely repetitive behaviours, but creative solutions to problems confronted in everyday life and reflect individuals’ relationships to the material and social world around them. Ideally, the pragmatist conception of habits lays the theoretical ground for efficient prevention of and effective support for behaviour change.
Absolute calibration of the spectral sensitivity of an x-ray streak camera over the 0.1–10 keV spectral range equipped with CsI photocathode
Authors: Hubert S. , Boubault F. 
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we report the absolute measurement of the spectral sensitivity of a bilamellar tube x-ray streak camera (XRSC) over the 0.1–10 keV range equipped with a CsI photocathode for Laser MégaJoule (LMJ) fusion experiments. This calibration of the XRSC is performed in static mode by using two multi-anode x-ray generators. Two silicon drift detectors (SDDs) previously calibrated at the Physikalisch–Technische–Bundesanstalt radiometric laboratory are used as secondary standards. Both x-ray generators work with a specific monochromator for radiometric measurements. In the sub-keV region, a 1 m-grazing incidence Rowland geometry monochromator specifically developed to handle LMJ's x-ray camera is used, whereas for higher energies (&gt;2 keV), a double-crystal monochromator is employed. The absolute spectral sensitivity of the XRSC is obtained by comparing the CCD counts of the XRSC output with the output counts in x-ray lines recorded by the SDD. The results obtained below 1.2 keV are, to our knowledge, the first measurements of the spectral sensitivity of an XRSC in the soft x-ray range with a CsI photocathode. Comparison with a model describing the spectral dependence of the sensitivity of the XRSC revealed that measurements obtained in the sub-keV region are greater than expected, whereas they agree with the model above 4.5 keV. There may be several contributors to this behavior, including the grain morphology of the CsI layer and exposure to air.
Tunable-performance all-oxide structure field-effect transistor based atomic layer deposited Hf-doped In2O3 thin films
Authors: Zhu Jiyuan , Hu Shen , Chen Bojia , Zhang Yu , Wei Shice , Guo Xiangyu , Zou Xingli , Lu Xionggang , Sun Qingqing , Zhang David W. , Ji Li 
Published: November 2023

The relocation of peripheral transistors from the front-end-of-line (FEOL) to the back-end-of-line (BEOL) in fabrication processes is of significant interest, as it allows for the introduction of novel functionality in the BEOL while providing additional die area in the FEOL. Oxide semiconductor-based transistors serve as attractive candidates for BEOL. Within these categories, In2O3 material is particularly notable; nonetheless, the excessive intrinsic carrier concentration poses a limitation on its broader applicability. Herein, the deposition of Hf-doped In2O3 (IHO) films via atomic layer deposition for the first time demonstrates an effective method for tuning the intrinsic carrier concentration, where the doping concentration plays a critical role in determine the properties of IHO films and all-oxide structure transistors with Au-free process. The all-oxide transistors with In2O3: HfO2 ratio of 10:1 exhibited optimal electrical properties, including high on-current with 249 µA, field-effect mobility of 13.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, and on/off ratio exceeding 106, and also achieved excellent stability under long time positive bias stress and negative bias stress. These findings suggest that this study not only introduces a straightforward and efficient approach to improve the properties of In2O3 material and transistors, but as well paves the way for development of all-oxide transistors and their integration into BEOL technology.
Die Leipziger Quodlibet-Disputation von 1514
Authors: Wöhler Hans-Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1514 at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Leipzig, a quodlibetical disputation took place. About 60 persons participated in the disputation. A handwritten record of this event has been preserved. A thorough analysis of these texts gives us a wealth of information with regard to the themes, positions, and tendencies of thinking during that period of time. The scholars at Leipzig University made an attempt at reconciling their philosophical interests with the claim to spiritual hegemony on the part of theology and the church. This aspect is remarkable if one thinks of the famous papal bull Apostolici Regiminis, promulgated in the year 1513. The attached appendix lists the topics and the names of the participants of the disputation according to the record.
The construction of agency in the discourse of Barbados’ prime minister Mia Mottley
Authors: Nartey Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Informed by a critical discourse analytical approach to agency, this paper examines the construction of agency in
the speeches of Mia Mottley, the prime minister of Barbados. The analysis reveals that she enacts her agency in three main ways:
(1) constructing strong and decisive leadership, (2) sculpting a ‘prophetess’ image and (3) issuing a clarion call to action.
These processes enable her to project her voice, foreground the issues that are relevant to her and establish her legitimacy and
authority. The study finds that Mia Mottley’s construction of agency is expressed via referential terms, personal pronouns, modal
verbs and the representation of social actors. This paper extends existing work on discursive agency and illustrates the role of
language and Global South leaders in the decolonization of political processes. It also affirms the view that research that
foregrounds female agency is important in dismantling repressive patriarchal structures and building inclusive communities.
Introducing plurilingualism in the English as an Additional Language classroom through plurilingual
approaches
Authors: Steil Kevin Randall , Carrasco Perea Encarnación 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article discusses research that was carried out in Barcelona, Spain which explored plausible facets for
introducing pluralistic approaches in the English as an Additional Language classroom. The research triangulates data collected
from administrative personnel, teachers, and students aged 7–8 years in order to identify plausible approaches to synthesize the
instruction of teaching English with the development of plurilingual concepts and skills. Methodological approaches included
interviews with the administrators, questionnaires with both students and their teachers and a multimodal activity done in the EFL
classroom. Through the discussion of the results we highlight specific techniques, such as Intercomprehension, that facilitate
language instruction for Additional Language Learners in a linguistically diverse community that has various languages in the
social and learning environments. Through the data analysis, we identify aspects that could help facilitate the instruction of
English as an additional language in multilingual settings.
Damping of 3D-printed polymer microbeam resonators
Authors: de Winter Jikke , Manzaneque Tomás , Krishna Ghatkesar Murali 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emerging high-resolution 3D printing technique called two-photon polymerization (2PP) enables to print devices bottom-up rapidly, contrary to the top–down lithography-based fabrication methods. In this work, various polymer microbeams are 3D printed and their resonant characteristics are analyzed to understand the origin of damping. The 2PP printed polymer resonators have shown less damping than other polymer devices reported earlier, with tensile-stressed clamped–clamped beams reaching a record quality factor of 1819. The resonant energy loss was dominant by bulk friction damping. These results pave the path towards using 3D printed microresonators as mass sensors with improved design and fabrication flexibility.
Magnetic levitation of nanoscale materials: the critical role of effective density
Authors: Ashkarran Ali Akbar , Mahmoudi Morteza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The magnetic levitation (MagLev) of diamagnetic materials in a paramagnetic solution is a robust technique for the density-based separation, measurements, and analysis of bulk materials/objects (e.g., beads and plastics). There is a debate in the literature, however, about whether a MagLev technique is reliable for the separation and/or density measurements of nanoscale objects. Here, we show that MagLev can levitate nanoparticles; however, the transition from the bulk to an ‘effective’ density must be acknowledged and considered in density measurements at the nanoscale regime. We performed a proof-of-concept study on MagLev’s capability in measuring the ‘effective density’ of multiscale silver particles (i.e. microparticles, nanopowder, and nanoemulsion). In addition, we probed the effective density of nanoscale biomolecules (e.g. lipoproteins) using a standard MagLev system. Our findings reveal that the MagLev technique has the capability to measure both bulk density (which is independent of the size and dimension of the material) and the effective density (which takes place at the nanoscale regime and is dependent on the size and surrounding paramagnetic solution) of the levitated objects.
Missing data filling in soft sensing using denoising diffusion probability model
Authors: Jiang Dongnian , Wang Renjie , Shen Fuyuan , Li Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the aim of addressing the problem of degradation in soft measurement accuracy due to missing data in industrial processes, a filling method based on the denoising diffusion probability model (DDPM) is proposed here to improve the accuracy of soft measurement modeling. First, missing regions are detected with the help of an improved Isolation Forest algorithm to obtain information such as the locations and numbers of missing data regions. Next, a data generation model is constructed based on DDPM and new samples are obtained. By adjusting the threshold for normal operation of the system and the weight sampler, filler samples that are similar to the distribution of the original data can be filtered from the new samples to form a complete dataset. The feasibility of the proposed missing data filling method is explored through numerical simulations, and its superiority in terms of improving the prediction accuracy of soft measurements is verified in regard to the nickel flash smelting process.
A phantom to simulate organ motion and its effect on dose distribution in carbon ion therapy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Stengl Christina , Panow Kathrin , Arbes Eric , Muñoz Iván D , Christensen Jeppe B , Neelsen Christian , Dinkel Fabian , Weidner Artur , Runz Armin , Johnen Wibke , Liermann Jakob , Echner Gernot , Vedelago José , Jäkel Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. Carbon ion radiotherapy is a promising radiation technique for malignancies like pancreatic cancer. However, organs’ motion imposes challenges for achieving homogeneous dose delivery. In this study, an anthropomorphic Pancreas Phantom for Ion-beam Therapy (PPIeT) was developed to simulate breathing and gastrointestinal motion during radiotherapy. Approach. The developed phantom contains a pancreas, two kidneys, a duodenum, a spine and a spinal cord. The shell of the organs was 3D printed and filled with agarose-based mixtures. Hounsfield Units (HU) of PPIeTs’ organs were measured by CT. The pancreas motion amplitude in cranial-caudal (CC) direction was evaluated from patients’ 4D CT data. Motions within the obtained range were simulated and analyzed in PPIeT using MRI. Additionally, GI motion was mimicked by changing the volume of the duodenum and quantified by MRI. A patient-like treatment plan was calculated for carbon ions, and the phantom was irradiated in a static and moving condition. Dose measurements in the organs were performed using an ionization chamber and dosimetric films. Main results. PPIeT presented tissue equivalent HU and reproducible breathing-induced CC displacements of the pancreas between (3.98 ± 0.36) mm and a maximum of (18.19 ± 0.44) mm. The observed maximum change in distance of (14.28 ± 0.12) mm between pancreas and duodenum was consistent with findings in patients. Carbon ion irradiation revealed homogenous coverage of the virtual tumor at the pancreas in static condition with a 1% deviation from the treatment plan. Instead, the dose delivery during motion with the maximum amplitude yielded an underdosage of 21% at the target and an increased uncertainty by two orders of magnitude. Significance. A dedicated phantom was designed and developed for breathing motion assessment of dose deposition during carbon ion radiotherapy. PPIeT is a unique tool for dose verification in the pancreas and its organs at risk during end-to-end tests.
AI approach to biventricular function assessment in cine-MRI: an ultra-small training dataset and multivendor study
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Nan , Wang Shuyu , Liang Wei , Zhao Haiyue , Xia Weili , Zhu Jianlei , Zhang Yan , Zhang Wei , Chai Senchun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective. It was a great challenge to train an excellent and generalized model on an ultra-small data set composed of multi-orientation cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. We try to develop a 3D deep learning method based on an ultra-small training data set from muti-orientation cine MRI images and assess its performance of automated biventricular structure segmentation and function assessment in multivendor. Approach. We completed the training and testing of our deep learning networks using only heart datasets of 150 cases (90 cases for training and 60 cases for testing). This datasets were obtained from three different MRI vendors and each subject included two phases of the cardiac cycle and three cine sequences. A 3D deep learning algorithm combining Transformers and U-Net was trained. The performance of the segmentation was evaluated using the Dice metric and Hausdorff distance (HD). Based on this, the manual and automatic results of cardiac function parameters were compared with Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman analysis in multivendor. Main results. The results show that the average Dice of 0.92, 0.92, 0.94 and HD95 of 2.50, 1.36, 1.37 for three sequences. The automatic and manual results of seven parameters were excellently correlated with the lowest r2 value of 0.824 and the highest of 0.983. The ICC (0.908–0.989, P < 0.001) showed that the results were highly consistent. Bland–Altman with a 95% limit of agreement showed there was no significant difference except for the difference in RVESV (P = 0.005) and LVM (P < 0.001). Significance. The model had high accuracy in segmentation and excellent correlation and consistency in function assessment. It provides a fast and effective method for studying cardiac MRI and heart disease.
Observation of plasma boundary induced Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) in a planar DC discharge system
Authors: Barnwal Prashant K , Ganguli A , Narayanan R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Observation of Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) in the discharge characteristics of a planar DC discharge system induced by specific combination of plasma boundaries is reported. In a previous work [Barnwal et al 2022 Phys. Plasmas
29 072102] it was shown by the authors that no NDRs are triggered in enclosures that have either a fully conducting boundary (viz., an ss vacuum chamber) or a fully insulating boundary (apart from the electrodes), comprising of glass tubes/mica sheets, etc. In the present work, it is shown that an NDR is triggered when the discharge produced within a small enclosure with an insulating boundary (IB), is allowed to leak out through a small aperture into a larger volume with a conducting boundary (CB). As the plasma density increases with increasing discharge current, the Debye length (λ
De), which is initially larger than the gap width at low discharge currents, decreases to become of the order of gap width, triggering the NDR. Since the plasma boundary conditions before and after the NDR are widely different (insulating versus mixed) the NDR, which is unstable electrically, connects a low-current, high-voltage state before the NDR to a high-current, low-voltage state afterward. Further, issues related to changes in the anode sheath before and after the NDR are also explored. When the electrode system is nearly symmetric, the anode sheath prior to the onset of the NDR is an ion sheath that flips into an electron sheath after the NDR. When the electrode system is highly asymmetric, the anode sheath remains an electron sheath throughout (both before and after the NDR). Reasons for such behavior are discussed in the paper.
The potentials of Si-doped magnesium oxide nanotubes for decontamination of pollutants
Authors: Saadu Itas Yahaya , Danmadami Amina Mohammad , Razali Razif , Khandaker Mayeen Uddin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work investigated the potential of the silicon-doped magnesium oxide nanotubes (Si: MgONT) to serve as a photocatalyst for the treatment of pollutants. The analysis of the photocatalytic properties of the Si: MgONT was carried out based on considering structural, electronic and optical properties at Si concentrations of 3.12% and 6.25%, respectively. We performed ground state analysis and ionic interactions using density functional theory (DFT) via quantum ESPRESSO and Yambo codes. The results of structural property analysis showed that pristine single-walled magnesium oxide nanotubes (SWMgONT) were stable to the introduction of Si impurities at a concentration of up to 6.25%. The highest binding energy value of −288.66 eV for 3.12% Si-doped SWMgONT showed that photons can be bound more strongly in this system than for 6.25% Si-doped and pure SWMgONT. 3.12% Si-doped SWMgONT exhibited indirect band gaps of 2.36 eV, which is well above the standard overpotential for pollutant degradation, while 6.25% SWMgONT had no bandgap. Analysis of the optical absorption spectra showed that 3.12% SWMgONT absorbs light very well in the visible region and reflects it in the IR region, while pristine and 6.25% MgONT showed poor light absorption in the visible region. On this basis, this work recommended 3.12% Si-doped SWMgONT semiconductor as a better material for dye degradation, CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution.
Decision making approaches for recognizing the optimal alkalized corchorus olitorius powder based composites for sustainable applications
Authors: Mahakur Vijay Kumar , Bhowmik Sumit , Patowari Promod Kumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The performance, durability, sustainability, and quality of the finished product rely entirely on material utilization. Therefore, it is decisive to pick the pertinent material for each specific product. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) process is effective for identifying the appropriate material from a group of options. This study examines the rank of various alkaline-treated corchorus olitorius filler-reinforced composites using hybrid MCDM techniques, such as the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multi objectives on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA), and technique for order preference by resemblance to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). The AHP approach was used to compute the weightage for each element, and the composites were ranked by integrating the weight value of the AHP method with the MOORA and TOPSIS processes. The output attributes of the alkalized corchorus olitorius filler specimen, such as the abrasion characteristics (coefficient of friction, disc temperature, and wear) and mechanical attributes (tensile strength, flexural strength, and hardness), were considered to optimize the composites. Samples for multiple testing were prepared using the hand layup technique by reinforcing varying filler amounts (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5%) into the resin matrix. Using the MCDM techniques, the 5 wt% of filler-based composite was obtained as the best sample, followed by the 2.5 wt% for filler-based composites.
Electronic structure, optical properties and defect induced half-metallic ferromagnetism in kagome Cs2Ni3S4
Authors: Acharya Gang Bahadur , Belbase Bishnu Prasad , Ghimire Madhav Prasad 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent research focuses on electronic structure of kagome materials due to their fascinating properties such as topological insulators, Dirac semimetals, and topological superconductors. Materials with sizable electronic band gap are found to play vital role in device applications. Here, by means of density functional theory calculations, we study the electronic and optical properties of ternary transition metal sulphide Cs2Ni3S4 by using the full potential local orbital code. Standard generalized gradient approximation (GGA) has been employed to consider the electron exchange and correlation effect, and modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential has been used to obtain the accurate band gap of the material. From our electronic structure calculations Cs2Ni3S4 is found to be nonmagnetic semiconductor with an indirect band gap of ∼1.4 eV within GGA + mBJ calculations. The structural analysis demonstrates that Ni atoms form a kagome lattice in a two-dimensional plane, resulting in the presence of a dispersionless flat band located below the Fermi energy. From the optical calculations, analyzing the dielectric function, loss function, and optical conductivity, Cs2Ni3S4 is found to be optically active in the visible as well as lower ultraviolet energy ranges. This suggests that Cs2Ni3S4 may be a suitable candidate for the opto-electronic devices. Additionally, this work may provides a foundation for the development of opto-electronic device and a framework for experimental work. We additionally investigated the effect of vacancy defects in Cs2Ni3S4 to see it’s influence on the electronic and magnetic properties. Interestingly, the Cs-vacancy defect give rise to half-metallic ferromagnetism with an effective magnetic moment of

1

μ

B

per unit cell.