bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impact of Brown Spot Disease on Seed Health, Quality and Transmission in Paddy
Authors: Prasad Niranjan , Theerthagiri Anand , Karuppannan Raja , Ranganathan Umarani , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBrown spot disease, caused by Bipolaris oryzae, poses a significant threat to rice production, affecting both yield and quality. The present study aimed to investigate the major mycoflora associated with seeds of 11 paddy varieties and the effects of B. oryzae on seed health and quality, encompassing morphological characterisation, location and transmission studies and assessing seed infection under hydropriming and pregermination conditions. The results revealed that the major fungi associated with paddy seeds were B. oryzae, Aspergillus spp., Fusarium sp., Curvularia sp., Trichoconiella padwickii and Rhizopus sp. Among these, B. oryzae was the predominant fungus observed in all 11 rice varieties with the maximum seed infection. Studies on the cultural and morphological variations among the 11 isolates from B. oryzae revealed that they had diverse colony colour, growth patterns and conidial characteristics. Brown spot diseased seeds showed a substantial decline in germination (%) and seedling vigour with ADT (Aduthurai) 46 rice variety showing highest reduction in germination (47%), followed by ADT 42 (54%) compared to healthy seeds. Furthermore, brown spot infection was prevalent across all seed components tested—lemma, palea, endosperm and embryo at varying rates—, highlighting the comprehensive nature of the disease's impact on the seed structure. Disease progression studies using different methods revealed varying infection rates, with the test tube agar method demonstrating the highest assessment rates (44%–65%), followed by the blotter method (40%–46%) and sand method (18%–38%). Furthermore, lower brown spot pathogen infection from the seedling emerged after 30 days of sowing and was observed when diseased seeds were exposed to hydropriming conditions compared to pregerminated and untreated conditions. This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of brown spot disease in rice which has negative impact on seed health, germination rate and, ultimately, rice productivity and quality.
Should positive airway pressure be continued uninterrupted after endoscopic skull base surgery? A review of current literature
Authors: Rosen Ross , Rajan Jayanth , Richter John , Karasik Daniel , Cabrera Claudia I. , Stuyt John Gerka , Rodriguez Kenneth , D'Anza Brian , Curado Thomaz Fleury , Rangarajan Sanjeet V. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) poses unique challenges to the perioperative management of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). Currently, no consensus or guidelines exist on the reintroduction of positive airway pressure (PAP) in these patients. To better clarify the safety of PAP reintroduction after ESBS, the databases Pubmed and Embase were searched in May 2024 for studies on PAP reintroduction after ESBS. Two articles, comprising 15 patients, met the inclusion criteria. All patients resumed PAP the first night after surgery. All patients underwent ESBS for transsphenoidal pituitary resection. Only one patient experienced cerebrospinal fluid leak, and no other complications were reported. While these results suggest that early reintroduction of PAP for ESBS patients with OSA may be safer than theoretically expected, the current literature on the topic remains scarce and more research is needed.
Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Effects of a Single Oral Dose of Oxycodone in Healthy Dogs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Militana Erika , Schwark Wayne , Flanagan Amanda , Pan Ziyu , Riley Elizabeth , Sorge Colleen , Gleed Robin D. , Boesch Jordyn M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTOxycodone, a full mu opioid receptor agonist prescribed for moderate‐to‐severe pain in people, could provide outpatient analgesia for dogs with post‐operative or cancer pain. To determine the pharmacokinetic profile and physiological side effects of a single oral (PO) dose, five healthy, 2‐year‐old, castrated male hounds were administered a standard amount of food, with or without immediate‐release oxycodone (1 mg/kg), in random order, separated by 1 month. At intervals between 0.25 and 8 h later, blood was sampled to measure plasma oxycodone concentration using ultra high‐pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection, and vital signs were evaluated. Pharmacokinetic variables were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 58.6 (39.3, 61.6) ng/mL, time to maximal plasma concentration (tmax) was 1.5 (0.5, 2.0) h, elimination half‐life (t1/2el) was 2.6 (2.0, 6.7) h, area under the curve from time 0 to last measurement (AUC0‐t) was 236.1 (204.6, 256.0) ng‐h/mL, and mean residence time (MRT) was 3.9 (3.4, 9.8) h. Computer simulations using the calculated pharmacokinetic data predicted that 1 mg/kg PO every 6 h would achieve peak (Cmax) and trough (minimum plasma concentration, Cmin) of 69.4 (60.8, 74.6) and 17.0 (15.5, 46.7), respectively, at steady state. Assuming minimum effective analgesic concentration is similar in humans and dogs (~25 mg/mL), therapeutic concentrations were achieved, but administration more frequently than every 6 h would be necessary. Oxycodone produced a significantly lower rectal temperature 1 and 4 h after administration.
Iron Swords and Ancient Echoes: Ancient Jewish History in the Israeli Far‐Right Rhetoric for Unity After October 7
Authors: Bar Neil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study provides a comprehensive analysis of the rhetorical strategies and narrative techniques employed by Israeli far‐right political figures during the early months of the Iron Swords War (October–December 2023) in Gaza. Utilising a qualitative discourse analysis approach, the research focuses on televised speeches and public statements made by key far‐right figures within Netanyahu's coalition, amidst the crisis following the October 7 attacks and the contentious jurisdictional reforms. These narratives served as a pivotal tool for political consolidation and public persuasion. Central to this analysis are concepts that elucidate how historical narratives are employed to shape collective identity and behaviour. The study reveals that, in response to accusations against Netanyahu's coalition for failures related to the events of October 7, there was a strategic emphasis on fostering national unity. This was achieved by invoking ancient Jewish historical narratives and symbols, with the aim of transcending religious and political divides and instilling a sense of shared heritage and purpose. The findings suggest that these rhetorical strategies were not only a response to the immediate crisis but also a critical tool for consolidating power and bolstering the coalition's legitimacy. The study contributes to the understanding of political discourse in times of national crisis, highlighting the role of historical narratives in shaping national identity and the dynamics of power within contemporary Israeli politics.
Advancing the Federal Budget Debate: The Debt, Deficits, Budgeting Rules and Practices
Authors: Johnson Craig L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis special issue on “Advancing the Federal Budget Debate: The Debt, Deficits, Budgeting Rules & Practices,” goes to press at the same time a new US presidential administration faces daunting fiscal challenges. The articles in the issue are all written by public finance and budgeting experts. In five original research articles, two research notes, and five commentary essays, the authors provide a rigorous discourse on US fiscal sustainability. Their scholarly analysis is comprehensive, understandable, reliable, thoughtful, informative and non‐partisan. This issue provides a critical analysis of the issues and practices essential to understanding the federal government's fiscal quagmire, as well as practical solutions for policymakers to debate going forward.
Trinidad's Role in the Development of Nonviolent Strategies: Focus on C. L. R. James
Authors: Presbey Gail 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper will focus on the often‐neglected peace and nonviolence contributions of Afro‐Trinidadian radicals C.L.R. James and George Padmore. Regularly not included in accounts of the development of nonviolent strategies because of their Marxist and Trotskyist approaches, I will argue that they play a key role in the development of nonviolent strategies, both in their native Trinidad and in the greater Pan‐African world. James and Padmore each explicitly mention ways in which the cross‐racial alliances and workers' movements in Trinidad inspired them. They insist, along with Gandhi, that disciplined strikes and boycotts are part of the tactics of nonviolence. The article focuses on James, as he recounts his first encounters with Gandhian nonviolent tactics as he learned them from C.F. Andrews who visited Trinidad in 1929, giving talks and writing news articles. James along with Padmore debated the use of nonviolence in their publications in the late 1930s. Through the influence of W.E.B. DuBois and Kwame Nkrumah (and with James' concurrence), the 1945 Pan‐African Congress in Manchester, England decided to fully defend a project of nonviolent action based on boycotts and strikes, in order to win Africa's liberation from European colonization.
From singular to plural. . . and beyond?
Authors: Payton Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA growing number of philosophers and logicians advocate for plural languages in which we can refer to and quantify over pluralities of individuals. Some go further, advocating for higher‐level languages in which we can refer to and quantify over, not just pluralities of individuals, but pluralities of pluralities, pluralities of pluralities of pluralities, and so on. These languages suggest a metaphysical picture on which even a small pool of individuals gives rise to a potentially infinite hierarchy of distinct pluralities. Most higher‐levellists would be loathe to take that picture seriously, but avoiding it turns out to be more difficult than it appears. Fortunately, we can develop a ‘one‐level’ plural language which has all the benefits of higher‐level ones but which avoids any commitment to the hierarchy.
Why can't we be friends? Untangling conjoined polarization in America
Authors: Norman Julie M. , Green Beniamino 
Published: February 2025

AbstractParty affiliation in the United States is increasingly aligned with multiple social identities. In this era of social sorting, to what extent is polarization motivated by partisan identities compared to other overlapping identities in non‐political settings? Using a conjoint survey experiment to examine the multivariate nature of affective polarization, we find that political identity outweighs all other social identities in informing citizens' attitudes and projected behaviors towards others. In addition, we find that partisanship usually outweighs ideology, but ideology matters in driving polarization; Democrats dislike Republicans more than Republicans dislike Democrats; and partisan identity has a particularly strong effect on racial and religious biases and preferences. Contrary to assumptions, cross‐cutting identities do not appear to dampen social polarization. We also find that, while out‐group animosity is stronger than in‐group sentiment in abstract attitudinal measurements, the results are mixed in interpersonal behavioral measurements, suggesting that partisan animus between citizens at the community level may be more nuanced than often suggested.
Different performance of tea plants to shade based on key metabolites and transcriptome profiles: case study of cultivars Longjing 43 and Yabukita
Authors: Li Wen‐Xuan , Fang Qi‐Ting , Han Qian‐Ou , Huang Hui‐Hui , Zheng Xin‐Qiang , Lu Jian‐Liang , Liang Yue‐Rong , Ye Jian‐Hui 
Published: February 2025

AbstractShading is widely used in tea cultivation to improve quality by modulating various metabolic pathways in tea plants. However, the differential sensitivity of specific metabolites and the cultivar‐dependent responses to shading are not yet fully understood. This study examined the impact of shading on the chemical composition and transcriptional profiles of cv. Longjing 43 and cv. Yabukita. Among the main quality‐related compounds, flavonol glycosides were highly responsive to shading, while catechins displayed distinct cultivar‐specific responses. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that flavonoid biosynthesis was the key secondary metabolic difference between cv. Longjing and cv. Yabukita plants under the sunlight, and shading regulated flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in both cultivars. The genes such as ANTHOCYANIDIN REDUCTASE (CsANR) and ANTHOCYANIDIN SYNTHASE (CsANS) were less sensitive to shade in cv. Longjing 43 than cv. Yabukita, leading to relatively higher levels of epi‐type catechins in the shade‐treated cv. Longjing 43 sample. Additionally, the UVR8‐mediated light signaling pathway demonstrated cultivar‐specific expression patterns, although the functional roles of key signaling proteins were conserved across both cultivars. The insights into the chemical and molecular responses of tea plants to shading deepen our understanding of the mechanisms driving the cultivar‐dependent behaviors of flavonoids, which offers valuable applications for maintaining consistent matcha quality and informing breeding programs of matcha.
Comprehensive Analysis of Event‐Related Potentials of Response Inhibition: The Role of Negative Urgency and Compulsivity
Authors: Wüllhorst Verena , Wüllhorst Raoul , Overmeyer Rebecca , Endrass Tanja 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBehavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition are assumed to relate to impulsivity and compulsivity, but findings are inconsistent, possibly due to prior research studying these dimensions in isolation. Negative urgency, the tendency to act impulsive under negative affect, and compulsivity relate to various mental disorders and are assumed to reflect deficits in inhibitory control. However, few studies have examined how response inhibition relates to negative urgency, compulsivity, or their interaction. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the behavioral and neural correlates of response inhibition and their associations with negative urgency and compulsivity. We examined 233 participants who performed a stop‐signal task while electroencephalography was recorded. The analysis involved single‐trial regression and latency analyses to explore the relationships with self‐reported negative urgency and compulsivity. Stop‐signal reaction times (SSRTs) and negative urgency were associated with an attenuated P3 effect contrasting successful stop versus go trials. Crucially, longer SSRT was associated with reduced P1 amplitudes (on successful and failed stops) and a later onset and peak of the P3. Interestingly, the opposite pattern was observed for higher negative urgency with higher P1 amplitudes and an earlier P3 onset and peak in successful stop trials. Associations with compulsivity were not observed. Considering early sensorimotor processes and latency effects are important to capture differences between negative urgency and SSRT. Higher stop‐signal‐related P1 amplitudes and a faster action cancellation process may compensate reduced P3‐related activity in high negative urgency.
Post‐selection inference for the Cox model with interval‐censored data
Authors: Zhang Jianrui , Li Chenxi , Weng Haolei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe develop a postselection inference method for the Cox proportional hazards model with interval‐censored data, which provides asymptotically valid p‐values and confidence intervals conditional on the model selected by lasso. The method is based on a pivotal quantity that is shown to converge to a uniform distribution under local parameters. Our method involves estimation of the efficient information matrix, for which several approaches are proposed with proof of their consistency. Thorough simulation studies show that our method has satisfactory performance in samples of modest sizes. The utility of the method is illustrated via an application to an Alzheimer's disease study.
Body Regard as a Volitional Factor for Suicide Attempts: Implications for Ideation to Action Frameworks
Authors: Mendes Kameron M. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionOne's relationship with, attitudes toward, and subjective experiences of the body have been theorized to contribute to self‐preservation and self‐destruction. These components of body regard have demonstrated associations with suicidal thoughts and behaviors but remain understudied. This study examined whether body regard acts as a moderator of the relationship between suicide ideation and attempts as well as its effect on the relationships of other established suicide risk factors.MethodsA random sample survey of 2021 young adults was conducted assessing body regard, fearlessness about death, depression, anxiety, stress, lifetime NSSI, and past year suicide ideation and attempts.ResultsA logistic regression analyses revealed that body regard was a significant predictor of past year suicide attempt, alongside NSSI, and suicide ideation. Follow‐up moderation analyses found that body regard significantly moderated the effect of suicide ideation such that ideation was only significantly associated with suicide attempts when body regard was low. High body regard also weakened the effect of ideation on attempts across levels of NSSI.ConclusionsBody regard may operate as a volitional factor for suicide attempts while also buffering the moderating relationships of other risk factors. Etiological models, assessment, and treatments aimed at addressing suicide risk should include attention to one's body regard.
Low‐titer group O whole blood implementation in a tertiary care hospital in Estonia
Authors: Kullaste Riin , Pikta Marika , Loot Mari , Russakova Stanislava , Laansoo Eve , Rohtla Kadri , Khanirzajeva Gulara , Vadi Ene , Ljahh Dina 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe implementation of the use of low titre group O whole blood in the North Estonia Medical Centre took place in a little more than 2 years. It began with the creation of a low‐titer O+ male donor registry, included a pilot project with a limited number of patients, validation of whole blood as a new product, and also required a change in the Estonian law. Today, whole blood is in routine use in emergency patients of both sexes and all ages with life‐threatening bleeding. Among the indications, gastro intestinal bleeding comes first, followed by acute blood loss associated with trauma. Whole blood is also included in the massive transfusion protocol.
Multiple carbamylation events are required for differential modulation of Cx26 hemichannels and gap junctions by CO2
Authors: Nijjar Sarbjit , Brotherton Deborah , Butler Jack , Dospinescu Valentin‐Mihai , Gannon Harry G. , Linthwaite Victoria , Cann Martin , Cameron Alexander , Dale Nicholas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCO2 directly modifies the gating of connexin26 (Cx26) gap junction channels and hemichannels. This gating depends upon Lys125, and the proposed mechanism involves carbamylation of Lys125 to allow formation of a salt bridge with Arg104 on the neighbouring subunit. We demonstrate via carbamate trapping and tandem mass spectrometry that five Lys residues within the cytoplasmic loop, including Lys125, are indeed carbamylated by CO2. The cytoplasmic loop appears to provide a chemical microenvironment that facilitates carbamylation. Systematic mutation of these Lys residues to Arg shows that only carbamylation of Lys125 is essential for hemichannel opening. By contrast, carbamylation of Lys108 and Lys125 is essential for gap junction closure to CO2. Chicken (Gallus gallus) Cx26 gap junction channels lack Lys108 and do not close to CO2, as shown by both a dye transfer assay and a high‐resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structure. The mutation Lys108Arg prevents CO2‐dependent gap junction channel closure in human Cx26. Our findings directly demonstrate carbamylation in connexins, provide further insight into the differential action of CO2 on Cx26 hemichannels and gap junction channels, and increase support for the role of the N‐terminus in gating the Cx26 channel.
imageKey points
Direct evidence of carbamylation of multiple lysine residues in the cytoplasmic loop of Cx26.
Concentration‐dependent carbamylation at lysines 108, 122 and 125.
Only carbamylation of lysine 125 is essential for hemichannel opening to CO2.
Carbamylation of lysine 108 along with lysine 125 is essential for CO2‐dependent gap junction channel closure.
Role of particle size distribution on microstructure, defects, and mechanical properties in laser-based powder bed fusion of Scalmalloy®
Authors: Singh Jaivindra , Rovisco Ana , Taylor Hunter , Mireles Jorge , Rivas Jesus , Oliveira Joao Pedro , Wicker Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of particle size distribution (PSD) in Scalmalloy® powder feedstocks on the geometrical accuracy, microstructure, defect formation, and mechanical properties of test artifacts fabricated via Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion of Metals (PBF-LB/M). Two powder feedstocks were analyzed: Powder-1, with a mean particle size of 29.30–29.72 μm and a narrower, more uniform PSD, and Powder-2, with a mean particle size of 40.80–41.53 μm and a broader, more heterogeneous PSD. Powder-2 produced artifacts with improved geometrical accuracy and surface finish but exhibited cracking in both lattice (small features) and bulk regions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed Si precipitation near cracks in the lattice regions, attributed to segregation caused by heat accumulation in thin features and the coarser, more heterogeneous PSD of Powder-2. Powder-2 samples exhibited higher strain at break during tensile testing, likely due to its lower porosity compared to Powder-1. Single-line and hatch scan results indicated no cracking for either powder, highlighting the susceptibility of small features to thermal gradients, segregation, and geometric stress concentrators. The observation of cracking exclusively in the thin features, and not in the bulk regions, underscores the artifact's utility in investigating how geometrical features influence thermal fields, microstructural evolution, and ultimately, performance in PBF-LB/M processes.