bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical Composition and Toxicological Profiling of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Root Extract in Rats
Authors: John Ohiagu Chukwuemeka , Kalu Achi Ngozi , Christopher Ohaeri Obioma , Amarachi Osuji Chigozirim 
Published: January 2024

Background: Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric) is a common medicinal plant used in Africa for the treatment of diseases. In this study, its extract was evaluated to ascertain its phytochemical composition and toxicity in wistar rats.
Methods: The prepared rhizome ethanol extract was first subjected to preliminary phytochemical evaluation and then lethal dose (LD50) test. In the sub-acute toxicity test, 20 adult wistar rats assigned to 4 groups of 5 rats each were administered oral graded doses of the extract. Group 1 served as control while groups 2, 3 and 4 received 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract over a period of 28 days, after which blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses.
Results: Results obtained from the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides and alkaloids in extract, with alkaloids being most abundant (41.20+0.53 mg/100g) and terpenoids, the least (3.98+0.03 mg/100g). Lethal dose value for the extract was found to be >5000mg/kg body weight. Results of sub-acute toxicity evaluation of the extract showed no deleterious effect on liver and kidney function parameters with these parameters being not significantly different from their control values (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract also caused significant hypolipidemia (p<0.05) but increased the values of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and red blood cell counts were also significantly increased following treatment with the extract, especially at higher dose levels.
Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that C. longa extract may be safe for use in the treatment of diseases when administered via the oral route.
Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Animals with Post-Ischemic Stroke Treated with LED
Authors: Fonseca Eliane Gonçalves de Jesus , Moreira Felipe Figueiredo , Dorigoni Bini Ana Carolina , Cordeiro Maria Elvira Ribeiro , Hosni Andressa Panegalli , Razera Amanda , Tyski Suckow Patricia Pacheco , Julik Angela Dubiela , Lopes Josiane , Kerppers Ivo Ilvan , Carraro Emerson 
Published: January 2024

Objective: To evaluate the effects of 630nm LED and 904nm LED in animals subjected to ischemic stroke, using the immunohistochemistry of these animals as analysis parameters.
Methodology: The present work presents an experimental study with a controlled intervention that included 75 male Wistar rats. The animals were allocated into three groups: a control group consisting of 15 animals without treatment, a group treated with 630nm LED, and a group treated with0 904nm LED, composed of 30 animals each. All animals underwent stereotaxic surgery for electrode implantation and subsequent electrolyte injury. The results were compared on days 3, 7, and 21 of treatment after surgery.
Results: The immunohistochemical analysis showed an improvement in the inflammatory response and tissue repair of the animals of both groups treated.
Conclusion: The present study suggests that the treatments with 630nm LED and 904nm LED favored a significant response, which may be a promising technique because of its simplicity, low cost, and easy application.
Tuberculous Chylous Ascites in a HIV Infected Adolescent: Challenges of Management in a Low Resource Country
Authors: Asinobi Kingsley , Nwolisa Emeka , Ikejiaku Udochikwuka , Ezeogu Joseph , Odinaka Kelechi 
Published: January 2024

Tuberculous chylous ascites is a challenging manifestation of tuberculosis which involves the accumulation of chyle, a milky fluid containing lymph and dietary fats, within the peritoneal cavity. It is an uncommon condition even in sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of tuberculosis (TB) is very high. While tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs, it can also target other organs, leading to various extrapulmonary manifestations like chylous ascites. Tuberculous chylous ascites is a result of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the lymphatic system within the abdominal cavity. The infection triggers inflammation and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels, leading to the leakage of chyle into the peritoneal cavity.
When tuberculous chylous ascites occurs in a child with HIV/TB co-infection, it poses great challenges in management.
We present a case of a HIV/TB co-infected Nigerian adolescent with tuberculous chylous ascites.
An EM‐based adaptive multiple target tracking filter
Authors: Jeong Hong , Park Jeong‐Ho 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTracking targets of interest is one of the major research areas in radar surveillance systems. We formulate the problem as incomplete data estimation and apply EM to the MAP estimate. The resulting filter has a recursive structure analogous to the Kalman filter. The advantage is that the measurement‐update deals with multiple measurements in parallel and the parameter‐update estimates the system parameters on the fly.Experiments tracking separate targets in parallel show that tracking maintenance ratio of the proposed system is better than that of NNF and RMS position error is smaller than that of PDAF. Also, the system parameters are correctly obtained even from incorrect initial values. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct adaptive control for non‐linear uncertain systems with exogenous disturbances
Authors: Haddad Wassim M. , Hayakawa Tomohisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA direct adaptive non‐linear control framework for multivariable non‐linear uncertain systems with exogenous bounded disturbances is developed. The adaptive non‐linear controller addresses adaptive stabilization, disturbance rejection and adaptive tracking. The proposed framework is Lyapunov‐based and guarantees partial asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system; that is, asymptotic stability with respect to part of the closed‐loop system states associated with the plant. In the case of bounded energyL2disturbances the proposed approach guarantees a non‐expansivity constraint on the closed‐loop input–output map. Finally, several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the maximum capability of adaptive feedback
Authors: Guo Lei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe main purpose of adaptive feedback is to deal with dynamical systems with internal and/or external uncertainties, by using the on‐line observed information. Thus, a fundamental problem in adaptive control is to understand the maximum capability (and limits) of adaptive feedback. This paper gives a survey of some basic ideas and results developed recently in this direction, for several typical classes of uncertain dynamical systems including parametric and non‐parametric non‐linear systems, sampled‐data systems and time‐varying systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous gas gangrene in malignant lymphoma: An underreported complication?
Authors: García‐Suárez Julio , Miguel Dunia de , Krsnik Isabel , Barr‐Alí Mohammed , Hernanz Nuria , Burgaleta Carmen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report a case of spontaneous gas gangrene (SGG), the most rapidly progressive form of clostridial infection, in a patient with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We review the literature and examine the association between these two entities. A 43‐year‐old man with NHL developed fatal C. perfringens‐associated SGG and massive hemolysis during induction chemotherapy. Although patients with NHL usually have several risk factors of SGG, such as bowel involvement or neutropenia, only two cases have been described previously in detail. Common features of all reports are a delayed diagnosis and a fatal outcome. Awareness of this condition should result in prompt antibiotic therapy at the onset of typical presenting symptoms in any lymphoma patient, especially if risk factors are present. Am. J. Hematol. 70:145–148, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Baseline levels of plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and changes during transfusion in thalassemic patients
Authors: Viprakasit Vip , Kankirawatana Suthida , Akarasereenont Pravit , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Chotewuttakorn Sirikul , Tanphaichitr Voravarn S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe studied levels of plasma endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) in 25 β‐thalassemia/Hb E patients before and after blood transfusion. Baseline ET‐1 levels in these patients were significantly higher than in normal controls (10.17 ± 2.1 pg/mL vs. 8.9 ± 2.0 pg/mL, P < 0.05). After blood transfusion, levels of plasma ET‐1 tend to slightly increase during the first 24 hr but significantly decline at the 7th day to levels (8.01 ± 1.7 pg/mL) which do not differ from those of controls. This study highlights a different alteration of plasma ET‐1 in patients with β‐thalassemia compared to that of patients with sickle‐cell anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 70:260–262, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Independent effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on hematological status in older Chinese vegetarian women
Authors: Kwok T. , Cheng G. , Woo J. , Lai W.K. , Pang C.P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe have examined the independent effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on hematological indices in older Chinese vegetarian women using a cross‐sectional study design: 119 women older than 55 years who had been vegetarian for more than 3 years were studied. Fasting blood samples were taken for complete blood count, serum iron, total serum iron binding capacity, serum iron saturation, serum vitamin B12, serum folate, serum methylmalonic acid levels (MMA), and renal function test. Subjects with iron deficiency (iron saturation <15%) and those with serum creatinine >150 mmol/L were excluded. The prevalence of definite vitamin B12 deficiency (vitamin B12 level < 150 pmol/L and MMA ≥ 0.4 μmol/L) was 42%. Another 32.8% had possible vitamin B12 deficiency (either criterion). The prevalence of iron deficiency was 10%. After exclusions, 96 subjects were further analyzed. Vitamin B12 deficiency defined by serum vitamin B12 and MMA was associated with a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations by up to 0.9 g/dL, but it was not associated with an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Serum MMA but not vitamin B12 levels correlated inversely with hemoglobin and platelet counts and positively with MCV, after adjustment of confounding factors. However, the percentage of subjects with anemia did not increase significantly until serum MMA became >1.0 μmol/L. In conclusion, vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with a significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration. However, anemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency was seldom macrocytic. We recommend that older vegetarians should be given vitamin B12 supplements routinely. Am. J. Hematol. 70:186–190, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigations of micro‐organic brain damage (MOBD) in heterozygotes of metachromatic leukodystrophy
Authors: Tylki‐Szymańska Anna , Ługowska Agnieszka , Chmielik Jolanta , Kotowicz Jerzy , Jakubowska‐Winecka Anna , Zobel Marta , Berger Johannes , Molzer Brunhilde 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPotential damage of central and peripheral nervous system expressed as micro‐organic brain damage (MOBD) was investigated in 27 unrelated heterozygotes with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes and sulfatide excretion was estimated in 24‐hour urine collections. Genomic DNA was analyzed for the ARSA pseudodeficiency (PD) allele by a PCR method. Clinical investigations included examination of hyper‐reflexia, Babinski reflex, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Benton test, evoked potentials, and nerve conduction velocity (NCV). In our study, a higher incidence of evident or possible micro‐organic brain damage was observed in true MLD/PD and MLD heterozygotes (NO/MLD, where NO means the wild allele) than in controls. On the basis of the Benton test, MOBD was suggested or indicated in 67% of MLD heterozygotes, 50% of MLD/PD heterozygotes, and 26% of controls. In our small group of carriers with MLD and PD mutations, persons NO/MLDPD with one wild‐type allele did not show MOBD and displayed higher ARSA/β‐galactosidase ratios, unlike true MLD/PD compound heterozygotes who carry MLD‐causing mutation in one allele and the ARSA‐PD polymorphism in the second. Theoretically, this is a shift from autosomal recessive to autosomal dominant‐like inheritance, especially when one cannot exclude the influence of polymorphisms (like ARSA‐PD) in the wild allele. Since all psychological tests were age‐matched, it can be assumed that the MOBD observed in MLD carriers does not have a progressive character unlike in MLD patients. However, it should be mentioned that MOBD appears to have no overt clinical consequences. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anorectal anomalies associated with or as part of other anomalies
Authors: Cuschieri Alfred ,   EUROCAT Working Group
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnorectal anomalies occurring with other anomalies or as part of syndromes were analyzed to determine how their epidemiological characteristics differed from those of isolated anal anomalies. Almost 15% of cases were chromosomal, monogenic or teratogenic syndromes, whereas the rest were of unknown cause including sequences (9.3%), VACTERL associations (15.4%) and multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) (60.2%). Almost half of babies with MCA had one or two VACTERL anomalies with distribution frequencies that did not differ significantly from those in babies with the full VACTERL association. There were considerable differences in the frequency of the VACTERL association among babies with different types of anorectal anomaly. Babies with anal anomalies occurring with sequences, VACTERL or MCA showed the same sex differences as babies with isolated anal anomalies, namely male predominance in anal atresia without fistula or cloaca, no sex difference in anal atresia with fistula, and female predominance in ectopic anus and congenital anal fistula. These anomalies, however, were associated with significantly lower mean gestational lengths and birth weights, and higher frequencies of fetal death and pregnancy termination than babies with isolated anal anomalies. Twins were more frequent in sequences, VACTERL and MCA than in isolated anomalies, monogenic syndromes or chromosome anomalies. Five cases were conjoined twins, representing 15% of all cases of twin pregnancies with an anal anomaly. Indeterminate sex was more frequent in babies with anal atresias without fistula than in those with fistula. Anal anomalies are defects of blastogenesis attributable to disorders in expression of pattern determining genes. The differential sex involvement in different types of anal anomaly may be manifestations of expression of the HY/SRY genes during blastogenesis or of X‐linkage. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unbalanced translocation (3;5)(q26.1;p14): A clinical report
Authors: Rossi Massimiliano , Di Micco Pasqua , Perone Lucia , De Brasi Daniele , Guzzetta Vito , Andreucci Maria Vittoria , Vega Giovanna Roberta , Marzano Maria Grazia , Iaccarino Emilia , Andria Generoso 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA patient with a multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation (MCA/MR) syndrome had an unbalanced translocation (3;5)(q26.1;p14), causing partial 5p monosomy and partial 3q trisomy. The phenotype observed in this patient results from the combination of those described in the isolated dup(3q) and del(5p) syndromes. Some clinical features of this patient are shared by the Smith‐Lemli‐Opitz syndrome (SLOS), a well‐known MCA/MR syndrome due to the deficiency of 7‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7). We review the previously reported cases of chromosomal anomalies with clinical features suggesting SLOS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Schizophrenia and functional polymorphisms in the MAOA and COMT genes: No evidence for association or epistasis
Authors: Norton Nadine , Kirov George , Zammit Stan , Jones Gaynor , Jones Susan , Owen Richard , Krawczak Michael , Williams Nigel M. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that psychosis is associated with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine is catabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol‐O‐methyl transferase (COMT). We hypothesized that the genes encoding MAOA and COMT might contain genetic variation conferring increased risk to schizophrenia. In order to test this hypothesis, we genotyped the 941T > G and the promoter VNTR polymorphisms in the MAOA gene and the V158M COMT polymorphism in 346 DSMIV schizophrenics and 334 controls. We also genotyped the‐287A > G COMT promoter polymorphism in 177 schizophrenics and 173 controls. No significant differences were found in allele or genotype frequencies between affecteds and controls for any of the polymorphisms. As both genes are involved in degrading catecholamines, we also sought evidence for additive and epistatic effects but none was observed. Our data, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that genetic variation in MAOA and COMT is involved individually or in combination in the etiology of schizophrenia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical findings and biochemical and molecular analysis of four patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency
Authors: Morrone A. , Malvagia S. , Donati M.A. , Funghini S. , Ciani F. , Pela I. , Boneh A. , Peters H. , Pasquini E. , Zammarchi E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHolocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) deficiency (HLCSD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of biotin metabolism. HLCS catalyzes the biotinylation of the four human biotin‐dependent carboxylases. Using the newly available human genomic sequence, we report the map of HLCS genomic structure and the predicted exon/intron boundaries. Moreover, the molecular studies of four patients (two Italians, one Iranian, and one Australian) affected by HLCS deficiency are here reported. The clinical findings, the age of onset, and response to biotin treatment differed between our patients. The diagnosis was made by organic acid analysis and confirmed by enzymatic analysis in three patients. Six mutations in the HLCS gene were identified, including two novel (N511K and G582R) and four known missense mutations (L216R, R508W, V550M, and G581S). Five of the mutations are localized within the HLCS biotin‐binding domain, whereas the L216R amino acid change is located in the N‐terminal region outside of the putative biotin‐binding domain. This mutation, previously reported in a heterozygous state, was detected for the first time in a patient with homozygous status. The patient's severe clinical phenotype and partial responsiveness to biotin support a genotype‐phenotype correlation through the involvement of residues of the N‐terminal region in a substrate specificity recognition or regulation of the HLCS enzyme. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deficiency of tetralinoleoyl‐cardiolipin in Barth syndrome
Authors: Schlame Michael , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Heerdt Paul M. , Jehle Roswitha , DiMauro Salvatore , Blanck Thomas J. J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBarth syndrome is an X‐linked cardiac and skeletal mitochondrial myopathy. Barth syndrome may be due to lipid alterations because the product of the mutated gene is homologous to phospholipid acyltransferases. Here we document that a single mitochondrial phospholipid species, tetralinoleoyl‐cardiolipin, was lacking in the skeletal muscle (n = 2), right ventricle (n = 2), left ventricle (n = 2), and platelets (n = 6) of 8 children with Barth syndrome. Tetralinoleoyl‐cardiolipin is specifically enriched in normal skeletal muscle and the normal heart. These findings support the notion that Barth syndrome is caused by alterations of mitochondrial lipids.
Mutations of mitochondrial DNA polymerase γA are a frequent cause of autosomal dominant or recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia
Authors: Lamantea Eleonora , Tiranti Valeria , Bordoni Andreina , Toscano Antonio , Bono Francesco , Servidei Serena , Papadimitriou Alex , Spelbrink Hans , Silvestri Laura , Casari Giorgio , Comi Giacomo P. , Zeviani Massimo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOne form of familial progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions recently has been associated with mutations in POLG1, the gene encoding pol γA, the catalytic subunit of mitochondrial DNA polymerase. We screened the POLG1 gene in several PEO families and identified five different heterozygous missense mutations of POLG1 in 10 autosomal dominant families. Recessive mutations were found in three families. Our data show that mutations of POLG1 are the most frequent cause of familial progressive external ophthalmoplegia associated with accumulation of multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions, accounting for approximately 45% of our family cohort.
Steady‐shear rheology properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) colloids as a new contrast agent for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Su Fu‐Hu , Shyu Shin‐Shing , Chen Yi‐Chen , Fu Ywu‐Jang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work investigated the toxicity, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the NMR imaging, and the steady‐rheology properties concerning polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) colloids. These experiments illustrate low toxicity, strong NMR signal intensity, as well as clear images, and render the colloids the potential application as contrast agent for gastrointestinal NMR imaging. The steady‐shear rheology data are fitted very well by the model τ = τ0 + AÝm. According to the theory of Princen and Kiss, 12 we found the yield stresses (τ0) of the colloids are proportional to φ1/3/D in 0.72 ≦ φ ≦ 0.81. Based on the model and the definition of the capillary number Ca = τ/(σ/R), a linear relationship between log(D) and m was discovered if the assumptions that 2Ca σ/A and Ýeff are constants are satisfied. We also proved these assumptions are rational in the investigated range 0.62 ≦ φ ≦ 0.81. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1888–1896, 2002
Interference between reactants in simultaneous interpenetrating polymer network formation. II. Influence of the presence of a free‐radical initiator on polyurethane formation
Authors: Tabka Mohamed Tahar , Widmaier Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPolyether polyurethane networks were prepared in solution at 25 and 60°C, using various organotin catalysts. The presence of a free‐radical initiator [viz. azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)] in the reaction media has no effect on the catalytic efficiency of organotin(IV) compounds, whereas it causes severe deactivation of organotin(II) compounds. This effect was explained by the following mechanism: formation of a cyclic 1 : 1 complex by coordination of the nitrile groups of AIBN with the tin(II) atom, which both reduces the effective catalyst concentration and allows the early decomposition into radicals, as previously seen, leading to tin oxidation. The addition of a free‐radical scavenger such as 3‐tert‐butyl pyrocatechol allows the maintenance of the catalyst efficiency of organotin(II) compounds at their reference level. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1929–1937, 2002