bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal expression and early zygotic regulation of the Hox3/zen gene in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Dearden Peter , Grbic Miodrag , Falciani Francesco , Akam Michael 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY In insects, a key step in the early patterning of the egg is to distinguish the primordium of the embryo proper from those regions that will form extra‐embryonic membranes. In Drosophila, where these processes are well understood, the structure of the extra‐embryonic membranes is highly derived. The distinct amnion and serosa typical of lower insects is replaced by a single, fused, and much reduced membrane, the amnioserosa, which never secretes an embryonic cuticle.We have used the Zen gene as a marker to study the formation of the extra‐embryonic membranes, and other aspects of early embryonic patterning, in the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria (African Plague Locust). Zen genes are derived from Hox genes, but in Drosophila they appear to have lost any role in patterning the A/P axis of the embryo; instead, they are involved in D/V patterning and the specification of the extra‐embryonic membranes.We show that the Schistocerca zen gene is expressed during embryogenesis in three distinct phases. The first of these is during cleavage, when Sgzen is transiently expressed in all energids that reach the cell surface. The second phase of expression initiates in a ring of “necklace cells” that surround the forming embryo, and demarcate the boundary between the amnion and serosa. This leads to expression throughout the serosa. The final phase of expression is in the amnion, after this has separated from the serosa. This complex pattern implies that the role of Sgzen in Schistocerca is not limited solely to the specification of cell identity in the extra‐embryonic membranes.We also report that the Schistocerca zen gene is expressed maternally, unlike its Drosophila and Tribolium counterparts. A distinct maternal transcript, and maternal Zen protein, accumulate in the developing oocyte from early post‐meiotic stages. They remain uniformly distributed in the oocyte cytoplasm until late vitellogenic stages, when the protein and RNA become somewhat concentrated at the egg cortex and in the posterior polar cap of the oocyte, probably by passive exclusion from the yolk. The cytoplasmic localization of Sgzen protein in the oocyte, and at some stages during embryogenesis, implies that nuclear exclusion of this transcription factor is specifically controlled.
Endotoxin Removal Column Containing Polymyxin B Immobilized Fiber Is Useful for the Treatment of the Patient with Vibrio Vulnificus
Authors: Sato Toshihide , Tadakuma Natsuko , Ikezaki Nobuhiko , Hashiguchi Akira , Masuda Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2003

A case of primary septicemia due to Vibrio vulnificus infection is reported. The patient was successfully treated with appropriate antibiotic therapy, drainage, and debridement of the necrotic tissues and direct hemoperfusion (DHP) using polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX‐F). The effectiveness of DHP using PMX‐F, which removes endotoxin in the circulating blood for the treatment of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction occurring due to this fulminant infectious disease, is discussed. Vibrio vulnificus infection causes fulminant and frequently fatal septicemia. The fatality rate for Vibrio vulnificus septicemia is very high ( 1, 2). Vibrio vulnificus is generally only pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts, and its pathogenicity is particularly related to liver diseases. Circulating endotoxin is considered to be seriously pathogenic in patients with Vibrio vulnificus infections. Direct hemoperfusion (DHP) using Polymyxin B immobilized fiber (PMX‐F) is a new treatment for endotoxemia which eliminates endotoxin from the blood circulation (3). We report a case of primary endotoxemia due to Vibrio vulnificus infection successfully treated by a combination of aggressive intensive care and DHP using PMX‐F.
Forest Health Assessment in Canada
Authors: Allen Eric 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTCanada's forests cover more than 418 million hectares, 45% of our land area, and represent a diverse range of ecosystems including mixed hardwood stands in southeastern Canada, temperate rain forests of British Columbia and dwarf forests of the arctic tundra. The size and diversity of the forest presents interesting challenges to forest health assessment. The Canadian Forest Service (CFS) now recognizes that “forest health” encompasses more than the incidence and distribution of insect pests and diseasecausing organisms and that forests are perceived as healthy when ecological processes are maintained and pest populations are operating within natural ranges of variability. Different stakeholders are also seen as having varying definitions of forest “health.” For example, the forest industry may focus on health as it relates to timber productivity, whereas environmental advocates may focus on ecological integrity. The assessment and reporting of forest health in Canada is currently being accomplished through cooperation among federal and provincial governments, academia, and industry. An interagency program is being developed where broad‐scale geographic coverage will be linked to national forest inventory plots, current pest conditions monitored by provincial agencies, research on specific disturbance agents carried out regionally, and an overall synthesis of national forest health undertaken by the Canadian Forest Service.
Headache in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Clementi M. , Battistella P.A. , Rizzi L. , Boni S. , Tenconi R. 
Published: March 2003

A study of headache in a homogeneously ascertained population of 181 subjects suffering from neurofibromatosis type I is described. All subjects underwent a diagnostic protocol including imaging studies (for subjects over 5 years old up until 1992). Headache data were collected by means of a questionnaire. Headache was present in 55 of 181 subjects (25 males). Overall headache frequency was 30%, which is not significantly different from the frequency of headache reported in the general population. Headache was primary in 52 cases (5 migraine and 47 tension‐type) and secondary to obstructive hydrocephalus with brain tumor‐induced intracranial hypertension in 3 with a tension‐type pattern.It was concluded that headache is not a specific feature of neurofibromatosis ype 1, it is not significantly related to central nervous system abnormalities, and in itself, it is not an indication for neuroradiological examination.
Psychosocial Functioning in Schoolchildren With Recurrent Headaches
Authors: Carlsson Jane , Larsson Bo , Mark Anders 
Published: March 2003

The psychosocial functioning of 113 schoolchildren (8 to 15 years old) reporting headaches at least once a month was compared to a group of headache‐free control subjects matched for sex and age. Thirteen percent of the headache sufferers had migraine headaches, 28% had episodic tension‐type headaches, 30% had chronic tension‐type headaches, and 29% had migraine coexisting with tension‐type headaches.Overall, the headache sufferers experienced more somatic complaints, stress, and psychological symptoms, in addition to being absent from school (due to illness), more often and reported fewer caring persons as compared to headache‐free controls. Although few differences between the four headache groups emerged in the children's psychosocial functioning levels, children with migraine coexisting with tension‐type headaches had significantly more frequent somatic complaints than those having episodic tension‐type headaches. In addition, children with migraine or migraine coexisting with tension‐type headaches were more often absent from school than those having tension‐type headaches only. A significant but weak relationship between children's headache severity and their somatic complaints was noted.
Chronic Daily Headache in Children and Adolescents: A 2‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Gladstein Jack , Holden E. Wayne 
Published: March 2003

Chronic daily headache in children and adolescents has not been well described. We analyzed data for 37 children and adolescents who presented with chronic daily headache to our Pediatric Headache Clinic over a 2‐year period. These youngsters had five distinct headache patterns; 40% of them had the “comorbid” pattern, 35% were classified with new daily persistent headache, 15% with transformed migraine, 5% with chronic tension‐type headache, and 5% could not be classified.There were no significant differences by diagnosis in externalizing and internalizing behaviors, type A behaviors, disability, pain severity, days missed from school, and number of coping skills employed.Children and adolescents with chronic daily headache have distinct clinical patterns, but for the most part, have similar disability. Differences between adult and childhood chronic daily headache are emphasized.
The IHS Classification Criteria for Migraine Headaches in Adolescents Need Minor Modifications
Authors: Raieli V. , Raimondo D. , Gangitano M. , D'Amelio M. , Cammalleri R. , Camarda R. 
Published: March 2003

The operational and diagnostic criteria for migraine and all other headache disorders released in 1988 by the International Headache Society are universally considered reliable and exhaustive. These criteria, however, cannot be considered as satisfactory for population‐based studies on migraine prevalence, especially if adolescents are the subjects of the study.Using these diagnostic criteria, we conducted an epidemiological study in order to assess the prevalence of migraine headache in a student population aged 11 to 14 years. Our survey made it possible to code IHS 1.1 (migraine without aura) in 2.35%, IHS 1.2 (migraine with aura) in 0.62%, IHS 1.7 (migrainous disorders not fulfilling migraine criteria) in 1.52%, and IHS 13 (headache not classifiable) in 1.38% of the examined pupils.In adolescents, the low prevalence estimates of migraine headache coded IHS 1.1 and the relatively high prevalence estimates of headaches coded IHS 1.7 and IHS 13 have appeared to be a consequence of the rigidity of some operational diagnostic criteria of the recent IHS classification rather than of the geographical, environmental, or socioeconomical pecularities of the cohort.Therefore, in order to improve the reliability and the exhaustiveness of the IHS classification by increasing its sensitivity, we believe that minor modifications of the diagnostic criteria are necessary. Within these revised criteria, the subitem “moderate or severe intensity” of pain headache should become mandatory, whereas the lower limit of the criterion “duration of pain” should be reduced to 1 hour.
Using Pretreatment Quality of Life Perceptions to Predict Response to Sumatriptan in Migraineurs
Authors: Litaker David G. , Solomon Glen D. , Genzen Jonathan R. 
Published: March 2003

Quality of life perceptions vary for individuals with similar medical conditions and reflect disease impact. When correlated with subsequent response to treatment, such data may contribute useful insights in understanding the determinants of therapeutic effectiveness in selected medical conditions.Two hundred thirty‐five migraine patients never previously treated with injectable sumatriptan completed a Short Form‐36 questionnaire before receiving a supervised test dose and a prescription for the medication. Medical records were examined to determine the number of comorbid conditions, headache characteristics (age at onset, headache frequency, duration of disease, aura, association with menses, unilaterality, and emesis), and documentation of sumatriptan's effect in relieving migraine during 12 months of follow‐up. Logistic regression was used to identify patient‐ and disease‐specific features most closely associated with the dependent variable, clinical response.One hundred eighty‐four patients (78%) reported both relief of symptoms and continued usage of sumatriptan. Patients who experienced emesis with headaches (OR=2.05 [1.07, 3.91]) and those with higher pretreatment Physical Functioning scores (OR=3.27 [1.28, 8.37]) were more likely to respond to sumatriptan.Response to sumatriptan therapy was associated with specific pretreatment quality of life domains and headache features. These results may be useful in improving the efficiency of disease management strategies for patients with migraine.
Posttraumatic Migraine
Authors: Solomon Seymour 
Published: March 2003

The term posttraumatic migraine has been used in several contexts. The purpose of this discussion is to outline the different circumstances in which migraine may follow trauma. Cases from the literature and from the Headache Unit of Montefiore Medical Center are reviewed.Although trauma may be one of many triggers of migraine, trauma is sometimes the sole or predominant precipitating factor; eg, footballer's migraine. In the posttraumatic syndrome, some exacerbations of headache upon a background of chronic daily headache often fulfill the criteria of migraine. Trauma may trigger the first attack of migraine in a susceptible individual. Biochemical and epidemiologic studies suggest that trauma may be the main etiologic factor of migraine in some cases. Migraine may also follow trauma on the basis of chance.Differentiating the different types of posttraumatic migraine has diagnostic, therapeutic, and legal implications.
Frequency of Factor V Leiden in Juvenile Migraine With Aura
Authors: Soriani Stefano , Borgna‐Pignatti Caterina , Trabetti Elisabetta , Casartelli Alessandro , Montagna Pasquale , Pignatti Pier Franco 
Published: March 2003

Patients with migraine are known to be at risk for stroke. It has been reported that in a group of patients with cerebral ischemia and the Leiden mutation of factor V, 67% had classical migraine. We have studied the frequency of this mutation in a group of Italian children and adolescents affected by migraine with aura.The Leiden mutation was detected in 2 (3.5%) of 57 patients and in 8 (3.7%) of 219 controls. The 2 patients carrying the mutation had no peculiar characteristics as compared with the rest of the migrainous population. In our study, the frequency of the Leiden mutation in patients was not different from that of controls. These data contrast with those collected in the Finnish population and in a group of northwestern Italian adult patients, but agree with results previously reported from The Netherlands.
Headache Associated With Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Abe Takumi , Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Kuwazawa Jiro , Toyoda Izumi , Sasaki Ken 
Published: March 2003

The objectives of this study were to analyze the characteristics of headache in patients with pituitary adenoma and to investigate the mechanisms involved.Fifty‐one patients (27 females and 24 males) with pituitary adenoma were examined. Nineteen (37.3%) of these patients (13 females and 6 males) had headache preoperatively. Most commonly, the headache was generalized (42.1%); overall headache was more frequent in the anterior half of the head (84.2%). Seventeen (89.5%) patients had bilateral headache. Headache was usually described as head heaviness (57.9%) and continuous (57.9%). Pulsating headache and dull pain were only reported by the female patients and were mostly intermittent. The mean age of patients with headache was younger than that of those without headache. Headache was more prevalent in patients with a prolactin‐secreting adenoma (57.1%). There were no correlations between visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, tumor size, or cavernous sinus invasion and headache. Hemorrhagic pituitary adenoma in 4 (57.1%) of 7 patients did not always contribute to headache. The headache was improved after surgery in 14 (73.6%) of the 19 patients. In the male patients who survived postoperatively (5 of 6), headache was improved.
Autonomic Dysfunction in Migraineurs
Authors: Mosek Amnon , Novak Vera , Opfer‐Gehrking Tonette L. , Swanson Jerry W. , Low Phillip A. 
Published: March 2003

Objective.—To evaluate autonomic function and sympathovagal balance in migraineurs and healthy controls.Background.—The pathophysiology of migraine is still largely unknown. An imbalance of the autonomic nervous system could explain many of the clinical manifestations of the disorder.Materials and Methods.—We undertook autonomic function tests in 17 women suffering from migraine (8 with aura) (average age 36 ± 7 years) and 16 healthy women (average age 34 ± 7 years). Autonomic nervous system studies consisted of tests of sympathetic function (the quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, beat‐to‐beat blood pressure responses to the Valsalva maneuver, sustained handgrip, cold pressor test, and head‐up tilt and tests of parasympathetic function (heart rate responses to deep breathing and the Valsalva maneuver). The data from the tilt test were further evaluated by time‐frequency analysis (Wigner distribution).Results.—Subjects with migraine with aura had a smaller increase of mean blood pressure during phase IV of the Valsalva maneuver (P<0.05) and a lower blood pressure increment during the handgrip test (P=0.08); their time‐frequency distribution showed reduced power at the nonrespiratory frequencies in the R‐R interval at both minutes 1 (P<0.03) and 5 (P<0.04) of head‐up tilt. Sympathovagal balance (a ratio of spectral power of nonrespiratory frequency variations in blood pressure to that at respiratory frequency variations in the R‐R interval) was significantly increased in migraineurs, both with and without aura, by 10 minutes of head‐up tilt.Conclusion.—Subjects with migraine with aura had resting supine sympathetic hypofunction and intact parasympathetic function. With head‐up tilt, sympathovagal balance is increased. The dynamic alterations in autonomic nervous system function may contribute to the development of aura in patients with migraine.
Primary Chronic Daily Headache: Clinical and Pharmacological Aspects. A Clinic‐Based Study in Oman
Authors: Deleu Dirk , Hanssens Yolande 
Published: March 2003

This study on primary chronic daily headache was based on the 1996 proposed revision of the diagnostic criteria of the International Headache Society (IHS). To investigate the relative frequency, clinical characteristics, and associated features of primary chronic daily headache in Omani patients, 171 patients visiting the Neurology Clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital were evaluated. Forty‐five percent was diagnosed as suffering from primary chronic daily headache (female to male ratio, 1.7:1). Sixty‐two percent suffered from transformed migraine and 34% from chronic tension‐type headache. The average age across sexes was 32.3 ± 12.3 years. A dull heavy feeling in the head was reported by 58% of patients and was associated in less than one third with associated features characteristic of migraine. All headache types shared the same trigger factors. All patients were taking medication, predominantly analgesics, at the time of their first visit.We concluded that primary chronic daily headache is very common with the relative frequency of transformed migraine being similar to that found in Mediterranean studies. Also in Oman, chronic use/overuse of analgesics and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs is a problem that coexists with primary chronic daily headache. Finally, the proposed revised IHS criteria are highly recommended as a standard classification system for this type of headache.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Ipsilateral Cluster Headache and Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania: A Case Report
Authors: Centonze Vincenzo , Bassi Antonia , Causarano Vito , Dalfino Lidia , Centonze Angelo , Albano Ottavio 
Published: March 2003

A 42‐year‐old man came to our headache unit in October 1995 complaining of recurrent attacks of headache, which had begun in February 1991. Chronic cluster headache was diagnosed, and he was given verapamil, 360 mg per day. The attacks ceased in the following months and verapamil was stopped in March 1996. In May 1997, a recurrence of the attacks required the readministration of verapamil, 360 mg per day. The attacks decreased (one to three per week), but after 2 months the patient reported a worsening in his condition due to the appearance of shorter attacks, which were diagnosed as chronic paroxysmal hemicrania. The administration of indomethacin, 225 mg per day, resulted in the disappearance of the short attacks.The concomitant occurrence of attacks of cluster headache and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania suggests the presence of shared factors in the pathophysiology of the two forms of headache. This hypothesis is supported by previous reports in the literature.
Hungarian Migraine Epidemiology
Authors: Bánk J. , Márton S. 
Published: March 2003

Objective.–A population‐based epidemiological survey of migraine without aura and migraine with aura completed by mailed questionnaire in Hungary. The diagnosis and classification of migraine was according to the criteria of the International Headache Society.Methods.–The validity of the self‐administered headache questionnaire was evaluated by a neurologist using clinical interviews. The study population was a random sample of 2000 men and women aged between 15 and 80 years. The questionnaire was completed by 813 of 1910 people (392 men and 421 women), providing a 42.6% participation rate.Results.–Sixty‐seven percent of these people experienced some kind of headache during their lives. The 1‐year prevalence of migraine without aura was 7.6% (the female/male ratio was 3:1), while the 1‐year prevalence of migraine with aura was 2% (female/male ratio was 2:1). Most migraineurs experienced headache attacks 1 to 4 times monthly, which lasted 24 hours. The most characteristic accompanying signs were nausea and phonophobia. Stress, sleep deprivation, hot weather, and fasting were the most common precipitating factors of a migraine attack. In the migraine with aura group, the most common aura was a visual disturbance. Only 43% of migraineurs had ever consulted a physician for headache, and only 15% of patients had missed work or school because of a migraine attack in the previous year. Most of the patients suffering from migraine without aura were between 20 and 40 years old, while migraineurs with aura were over 40 years old. According to this investigation, the prevalence of migraine was not lower than in Western countries.