bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An implementation method of automatic metadata extraction method for music data and its application to semantic associative search
Authors: Kitagawa Takashi , Nakanishi Takafumi , Kiyoki Yasushi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we present a method for implementing a Kansei (sensitivity) operator for an automatic metadata extraction method used for media data. The Kansei operator, which operates on metadata extracted from media data, performs mapping based on human sensitivity by applying a logarithmic function that reflects human sensitivity based on Fechner's law. The proposed method enables metadata that reflects human sensitivity to be extracted according to the Kansei operator for metadata that was obtained according to weighted word categories output by a conventional automatic metadata extraction method. In addition, using a semantic associative search method enables searching to be performed, which matches human intuition for the media data categories. In this paper, we combine the Kansei operator with an automatic metadata extraction method for music data to implement an automatic metadata extraction method having a Kansei operator for music data. In addition, they show the effectiveness of the proposed method experimentally. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(6): 59–78, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10380
Partial matching accuracy indices for shapes
Authors: Fukushima Shigehiro , Zheng Zi‐Liuk , Yoshinaga Yukiyasu 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIndices are proposed to measure the partial matching accuracy for outlines of shapes such as those identified only partially due to occlusion and with limited region of interest. The figure catching rate and the partial matching rate curves are defined. The fractional area under the curve represents effectively the matching accuracy. More intuitive indices are the catching and matching distances. The indices are illustrated with an example of application to evaluation of gastric outlines recognized in double‐contrast gastric radiograms. Gastric regions delineated by a computer are compared with tracings by a radiologist, in an attempt to evaluate numerically the accuracy. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(6): 50–58, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10550
Evaluation of criteria on information retrieval
Authors: Ishioka Tsunenori 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe investigate van Rijsbergen'sF‐measure, the break‐even point, and 11‐point averaged precision, all of which can be translated into one‐dimensional scalar quantities from the precision and the recall. These investigations can be done by comparing to the tetrachoric (four‐fold) correlation coefficient and phi (four‐fold point) coefficient, which are often used as indices of statistical association in a 2 × 2 contingency table. The results show that when the fallout rate is less than 0.1,theF1measure has similar properties to the phi coefficient,the break‐even point is almost equivalent to the phi coefficient, andthe 11‐point averaged precision should be a measure which is larger than the phi coefficient and smaller than a tetrachoric correlation coefficient.© 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(6): 42–49, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10583
For geometric inference from images, what kind of statistical model is necessary?
Authors: Kanatani Kenichi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn order to promote mutual understanding with researchers in other fields including statistics, this paper investigates the meaning ofstatistical methodsfor geometric inference based on image feature points. We trace back the origin of feature uncertainty to image processing operations and discuss the meaning ofgeometric fitting, geometric model selection, thegeometric AIC, and thegeometric MDL. Then, we discuss the implications of asymptotic analysis in reference tonuisance parameters, theNeyman‐Scott problem, andsemiparametric modelsand point out that application of statistical methods requires careful considerations about the peculiar nature of geometric inference. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(6): 1–9, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10635
The ‘Fishing License’ method for analysing the time course of effects in repeated measurements
Authors: Nadziejko Christine , Chi Chen Lung , Nádas Arthur , Hwang Jing‐Shiang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractInference on the time of onset and the duration of a treatment effect is a challenging problem in biomedical research. These studies often generate repeated measurements from subjects in a treated group and a control group during the same time period. We propose a simple approach, called the ‘Fishing License’ method, to test for a treatment effect occurring during an unspecified time interval. The method is based on a statistic of the largest absolute value of the t statistic between two groups obtained by considering every possible time interval in the observed time period. A bootstrapped null distribution of the test statistic is used to determine the critical value. The method also provides estimates of onset and ending times, when the null hypothesis of no effect is rejected. Simulated and real experimental data sets were generated for assessing the performance of the method. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of group sequential designs in clinical trials on the basis of detectable treatment differences
Authors: Schäfer Helmut , Müller Hans‐Helge 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe treatment effect sizes that can be detected with sufficient power up to the different interim analyses constitute a clinically meaningful criterion for the selection of a group sequential test for a clinical trial. For any pre‐specified sequence of effect sizes, it is possible to construct group sequential boundaries such that the trial has a pre‐specified power to reject the null‐hypothesis at or before the corresponding interim analysis under the respective treatment effect. The principle of constructing group sequential designs on the basis of detectable treatment effects is presented. The application in common situations such as two‐armed trials with continuous or binary outcome or censored survival times is described. We also present an effective algorithm. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relationship between a traumatic life event and an alteration in stress response
Authors: Izutsu Takashi , Tsutsumi Atsuro , Asukai Nozomu , Kurita Hiroshi , Kawamura Noriyuki 
Published: April 2004

Abstract An Erratum has been published for this article in Stress and Health 20(5) 2004, 309.The relationship between past traumatic experience and stress tolerance is poorly understood. To investigate the relationship among past exposure to trauma, stress tolerance and other mental health indexes, experience of traumatic events, depression, anxiety, and job strain were assessed in 2959 male and 279 female workers. Job strain was used as an indicator of stress tolerance in this study. Past traumatic experience was shown to increase later anxiety for both sexes, and increase depression and job strain in male subjects. For the first time, people with past traumatic experiences were found to feel a stressor's influence more strongly. Further, those influences differed according to the type of past trauma. The existence of interactions among the experience of traumatic events, depression/anxiety, and strain indicated that stress tolerance seemed to be an important element in the trauma response mechanism. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latinos at community colleges
Authors: Martinez Magadelena , Fernández Edith 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCommunity colleges serve as the point of entry for the majority of Latinos in higher education, offering low‐cost, smaller‐scale educational opportunities in the communities where students live and providing the preparation for four‐year colleges and universities that may have been lacking in their K–12 education. The challenges to community colleges in providing services to Latinos are great, but their potential to facilitate the achievement of Latinos is vast.
The interobserver reliability of three‐dimensional power Doppler data acquisition within the female pelvis
Authors: Raine‐Fenning N. J. , Campbell B. K. , Clewes J. S. , Kendall N. R. , Johnson I. R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the interobserver reliability of three‐dimensional (3D) power Doppler data acquisition from the uterus and ovary.Methods3D power Doppler angiography was used to acquire endometrial data from 20 patients and ovarian data from a further 20 different patients at various stages of in vitro fertilization. Two different observers each acquired two datasets from all 40 patients resulting in 80 endometrial and 80 ovarian datasets in total. Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis was used to define the object of interest and semiquantify the power Doppler signal within it. The reliability of measurements of volume and vascularity was assessed by calculating interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and limits of agreement between the two observers.ResultsWhilst volumetric data proved more reliably acquirable than power Doppler data, the interobserver reliability of data acquisition was high overall for both the endometrium and ovary with all measurements obtaining a lower ICC of above 0.9. Limits of agreement revealed minimal disagreement between the two observers for measurements of volume and vascularity within both the ovary and endometrium. The ‘indices of vascularity’ within the endometrium were less than those derived from the ovary and subendometrium, which were comparable.Conclusions3D ultrasound can be reliably used between observers to acquire power Doppler information from the ovary and endometrium thus supporting the current use and further development of this technique in clinical practice. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Idiopathic constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus
Authors: Trevett T. N. , Cotton J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractConstriction of the ductus arteriosus in the fetus is well studied, but mostly secondary to maternal exposure to indomethacin or other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, or structural cardiac lesions. We present a case of a fetus presenting with right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to an S‐shaped ductus arteriosus with distal constriction diagnosed by pulsed Doppler imaging. A review of the recent English literature of similar cases is presented. Copyright © 2004 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Hurwitz stability of a class of complex polynomials arising from H∞ control theory
Authors: Wang Z.H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper deals with the Hurwitz stability of a class of complex polynomials arising from H∞ control theory. Using an isomorphic transformation between the complex variables, sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained on the basis of the Sylvester resultant. Moreover, by applying the complete discrimination system for real polynomials, algebraic criteria for the Hurwitz stability can be derived easily. Unlike the known methods with which the stability test involves infinitely many testing steps, our method provides a testing procedure that needs only a finite number of testing steps. As an application, the presented method has been used successfully to study the problem of H∞ Hurwitz stabilization, a problem of simultaneous stabilization of the closed‐loop characteristic polynomial, and a family of complex polynomials of our concern.
Exact 2D piezoelasticity solution of hybrid beam with damping under harmonic electromechanical load
Authors: Kapuria S. , Dumir P.C. , Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo dimensional piezoelasticity solution is presented for steady state forced response of simply supported hybrid beams with embedded or surface bonded piezoelectric layers under electromechanical harmonic excitation with damping. For each layer, all entities are expanded in Fourier series to satisfy the boundary conditions at the ends. The governing equations reduce to ordinary differential equations in the thickness coordinate with constant coefficients. Their general solution for each layer involves six arbitrary constants. A transfer matrix approach is presented to obtain these from the electromechanical conditions at the top and bottom of the beam, the conditions of prescribed potentials at the interfaces with piezoelectric layers, and the conditions of continuity/jump at the layer interfaces. Results for the amplitude and phase lag of the deflection are presented for composite, sandwich, and hybrid beams. The reduction of deflection response by actuation of a piezoelectric layer is illustrated. The present benchmark solution would help to assess 1D beam theories for damped response under harmonic loads.
Assessment of genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. by SSR and RAPD marker analysis
Authors: ZHUANG F. Y. , CHEN J. F. , STAUB J. E. , QIAN C. T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe first successful production of a sterile interspecific hybrid obtained from a cross between Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (2n = 2x = 24) and Cucumis sativus var. sativus L. (2n =2x = 14), and its subsequent fertility restoration through chromosome doubling provide an effective means for investigating genetic relationships among Cucumis spp. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate relationships among C. s. var. sativus L., C. s. var. hardwickii (R.) Alef., C hystrix, C. hytivus Chen & Kirkbride (the amphidiploid species from chromosome doubling of the C. sativus x C. hystrix interspecific hybrid, 2n = 38), C. melo (2n =2x = 24) and C. metuliferus Meyer and Naudin (2n =2x= 24). A total of 109 SSR bands and 398 RAPD primed sites were used to calculate Jaccard's distance coefficients for cluster analysis using a unweighted pair‐group method using an arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) algorithm. The genetic relationships identified using SSR and RAPDmarkers were highly concordant, such that the correlation between SSR and RAPDgenetic distance (GD) estimates was r = 0.94. SSR and RAPDanalysis of 22 accessions allowed for their grouping into two distinct groups designated as CS and CM. While group CS consisted of 11 C. sativus genotypes, and the C. hytivus and C. hystrix accessions, group CM included six C. melo genotypes and C. metuliferus. The GD values between C. hystrix and C. sativus ascribed by SSR and RAPD matrices were 0.59 and 0.57, respectively. These GDs were smaller than those detected between C. hystrix and C melo (0.87 and 0.70 derived from SSR and RAPD markers, respectively).
F2CS: FSSP to CATH and SCOP prediction server
Authors: Getz Gad , Starovolsky Alina , Domany Eytan 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: The F2CS server provides access to the software, F2CS2.00, which implements an automated prediction method of SCOP and CATH classifications of proteins, based on their FSSP Z-scores.
Availability: Free at http://www.weizmann.ac.il/physics/complex/compphys/f2cs/
Supplementary information: The site contains links to additional figures and tables.
Ligand Depot: a data warehouse for ligands bound to macromolecules
Authors: Feng Zukang , Chen Li , Maddula Himabindu , Akcan Ozgur , Oughtred Rose , Berman Helen M. , Westbrook John 
Published: April 2004

Abstract
Summary: Ligand Depot is an integrated data resource for finding information about small molecules bound to proteins and nucleic acids. The initial release (version 1.0, November, 2003) focuses on providing chemical and structural information for small molecules found as part of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Ligand Depot accepts keyword-based queries and also provides a graphical interface for performing chemical substructure searches. A wide variety of web resources that contain information on small molecules may also be accessed through Ligand Depot.
Availability: Ligand Depot is available at http://ligand-depot.rutgers.edu/. Version 1.0 supports multiple operating systems including Windows, Unix, Linux and the Macintosh operating system. The current drawing tool works in Internet Explorer, Netscape and Mozilla on Windows, Unix and Linux.
An improved approach for predicting the distribution of rare and endangered species from occurrence and pseudo‐absence data
Authors: Engler Robin , Guisan Antoine , Rechsteiner Luca 
Published: April 2004

Summary

Few examples of habitat‐modelling studies of rare and endangered species exist in the literature, although from a conservation perspective predicting their distribution would prove particularly useful. Paucity of data and lack of valid absences are the probable reasons for this shortcoming. Analytic solutions to accommodate the lack of absence include the ecological niche factor analysis (ENFA) and the use of generalized linear models (GLM) with simulated pseudo‐absences.
In this study we tested a new approach to generating pseudo‐absences, based on a preliminary ENFA habitat suitability (HS) map, for the endangered species Eryngium alpinum. This method of generating pseudo‐absences was compared with two others: (i) use of a GLM with pseudo‐absences generated totally at random, and (ii) use of an ENFA only.
The influence of two different spatial resolutions (i.e. grain) was also assessed for tackling the dilemma of quality (grain) vs. quantity (number of occurrences). Each combination of the three above‐mentioned methods with the two grains generated a distinct HS map.
Four evaluation measures were used for comparing these HS maps: total deviance explained, best kappa, Gini coefficient and minimal predicted area (MPA). The last is a new evaluation criterion proposed in this study.
Results showed that (i) GLM models using ENFA‐weighted pseudo‐absence provide better results, except for the MPA value, and that (ii) quality (spatial resolution and locational accuracy) of the data appears to be more important than quantity (number of occurrences). Furthermore, the proposed MPA value is suggested as a useful measure of model evaluation when used to complement classical statistical measures.
Synthesis and applications. We suggest that the use of ENFA‐weighted pseudo‐absence is a possible way to enhance the quality of GLM‐based potential distribution maps and that data quality (i.e. spatial resolution) prevails over quantity (i.e. number of data). Increased accuracy of potential distribution maps could help to define better suitable areas for species protection and reintroduction.
Impacts of stream acidification on litter breakdown: implications for assessing ecosystem functioning
Authors: Dangles Olivier , Gessner Mark O. , Guerold François , Chauvet Eric 
Published: April 2004

SummaryScientific understanding of acidification in aquatic ecosystems relies on effective assessment, which at present is mostly limited to chemical and sometimes structural biological variables. Effects on ecosystem functioning are, in contrast, largely neglected. Litter breakdown is a potentially useful, highly integrative and crucial process that could enhance such assessment programmes.Breakdown rates of beechFagus sylvaticaleaves were determined in 25 woodland headwater streams along an acidification gradient in the Vosges Mountains, France. Additional data relating to micro‐organisms (microbial respiration, fungal biomass and degree of conditioning measured as leaf palatability) and macroinvertebrates (shredder diversity, abundance and biomass) associated with decomposing leaves were collected to elucidate the mechanisms underlying leaf breakdown.Breakdown rates varied more than 20‐fold between the most acidified and circumneutral sites (k = 0·0002–0·0055 day−1). Stream water alkalinity and total Al concentration together accounted for 88% of the variation in litter breakdown rates among streams. Microbial factors associated with decaying leaves, particularly microbial respiration, declined with increasing stream acidity and were significantly related to Ca2+and total Al concentrations.Total abundance, biomass and richness of leaf‐shredding invertebrates associated with decomposing leaves were not related to stream acidity. However, the abundance and biomass of the amphipodGammarus fossarum, an acid‐sensitive and particularly efficient leaf‐shredder, showed a strong positive relationship with leaf breakdown rate.Gammarusabundance and microbial respiration together accounted for 85% of the variation in litter breakdown rates among streams.Synthesis and applications. These results indicate that leaf‐litter breakdown responds strongly to stream acidification, with both microbial decomposers and invertebrate detritivores markedly affected. Measuring leaf breakdown rate may be developed into a simple, powerful and low‐cost tool for assessing a critical component of ecosystem functioning. We advocate further investigation of this approach for the routine biomonitoring of freshwaters affected by, or recovering from, other anthropogenic stresses.
Long‐term effects of burning slash on plant communities and arbuscular mycorrhizae in a semi‐arid woodland
Authors: Haskins Kristin E. , Gehring Catherine A. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryBurning of slash (woody debris) piles resulting from the harvest of fuel wood is a common management technique designed to reduce fire risk and increase establishment of understorey vegetation in many semi‐arid woodlands. However, the consequences of slash burning on plant communities and their below‐ground fungal mutualists are poorly understood.We examined how the burning of slash piles affected understorey plant communities and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a pinyon–juniper woodland in northern Arizona, USA, 5 years after harvesting. We analysed plant communities and AM inoculum potential along 16 transects in: (i) burned slash pile sites; (ii) interspaces between burned slash piles; (iii) non‐burned canopy sites; and (iv) non‐burned interspaces. We quantified AM colonization of dominant native and exotic plants in burned and non‐burned areas.Burned areas had significantly fewer understorey plant species than non‐burned areas, and exotic species were four times more abundant at burned slash sites than at other sites.Exotic plants from burned and non‐burned areas exhibited levels of AM colonization that were 50% greater than native plants. Bioassay and field‐collected plants exhibited similar levels of AM colonization and there were no significant treatment differences.The total biomass of bioassay plants grown in soil from burned slash sites averaged 19% greater than plant biomass from other sites, and had 27% more phosphorus in their shoot tissue; however, tissue nitrogen contents were similar.Synthesis and applications. These results suggest that either fire did not reduce AM inoculum potential, or that AM fungal populations recovered in the 5 years after the slash was burned. Changes in understorey plant communities and increases in exotic species with burning could result from other soil changes (e.g. species of AM fungi present), reduction of native species in the seed bank or greater dispersal ability of exotic plants compared with native plant species. We suggest that burning slash piles as a management tool in pinyon–juniper woodlands can result in plant communities that are persistently dominated by exotic species. Management approaches that utilize fuel wood harvest alone or that incorporate seeding of native plants may achieve the desired results.