bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MCI AND CAREGIVING: DYADIC STRESS AND DEPRESSION CONTAGION EFFECTS
Authors: Giannotto Emily 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Individuals diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) remain functionally independent and able to complete instrumental activities of daily living while simultaneously experiencing subjective and objective decline in one or more areas of cognition. Loved ones of individuals with MCI are also impacted and spouses often serve as formal or informal caregivers. Relationships impacted by cognitive impairment experience widespread impacts among cognitive, behavioral, and affective factors within and between individuals. The present study took a novel approach to understanding longitudinal daily parallel patterns of depressive affect, relationship mutuality, sleep, stress, and behavioral problems associated with cognitive impairment. 27 dyads comprised of one spouse with diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment (M= 74.6 years, SD= 8.26, 10 female), and the other as a cognitively healthy caregiving spouse (M= 71.4 years, SD= 8.35, 18 female) completed individual nightly reports for two consecutive weeks. Exploratory multilevel modeling revealed significant and complex interactions among spouses’ depressive affect, stress, relationship mutuality, and behavioral problems. Results indicate co-occurring daily effects for depressive affect and stress as contagion effects, with mutuality serving as an important moderator. The impact of mutuality was also significant over and above its role in the interactions. Mutuality seems to act as a buffer for negative affect and stress contagion from one partner to the other across days and from one day to the next. These findings highlight the importance of healthy daily relationship dynamics in mitigating stress and depressive affect contagion among older adults impacted by MCI.
MENTAL HEALTH AND CAREGIVING SELF-EFFICACY AS PREDICTORS OF PERCEIVED OVERALL HEALTH AMONG ADRD CARE PARTNERS
Authors: Wilks Scott , Ainsworth Laura , Lemieux Catherine , Kim Youn Kyoung (Lily) , Thompson Alisha , Bardales Rhonda , Trahan Julia 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A geriatrics workforce enhancement program piloted interdisciplinary telehealth services to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) care partners. The team in medicine, nursing, and social work noted that consistently mentioned mental health issues and social isolation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which the care partner’s sense of caregiving self-efficacy, juxtaposed with the aforesaid mental health issues, predict the care partner’s sense of their overall health. In a hospital setting in southern United States, the team collected data from 95 ADRD care partners on demographic characteristics and on measures of loneliness, anxiety, depression, caregiving self-efficacy, and perceived overall health. Data were analyzed using OLS multiple regression. Sample characteristics served as covariates. Adjusted R-squared estimated the corrected goodness-of-fit. The sample’s average age was approximately 62 years. Most identified as female (74%) and Caucasian/white (66%); about one-third identified as African American/Black. The plurality reported as adult child of the care recipient (47%). An overwhelming majority (94%) scored as clinically anxious; 29% scored as clinically depressed; 33% reported loneliness; 12% reported low caregiving self-efficacy; and 20% reported poor overall health. Depression and loneliness negatively predicted caregivers’ overall health (B=-.17, p&lt;.001; B=-.15, p&lt;.05, respectively). Surprisingly, anxiety positively predicted caregivers’ overall health (B=.54, p&lt;.001). Self-efficacy was not a significant predictor. Adjusted R-squared value was .63. Results underscore the importance of including mental health and social networks when evaluating and treating ADRD care partners’ overall health. Future studies should consider broader, diverse samples to determine the reliability of these findings.
MIGRATION, STRESS AND SUCCESSFUL AGING AMONG GRANDPARENTS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY
Authors: Hu Yue , Fung Helene 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
the present work aims to explore the stress and coping related to successful aging among migrant and non-migrant grandparents.

Methods
both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed. Twenty-one grandparents (12 migrants, median age = 59 years old, 14 females) in mainland China were interviewed about the definition of successful aging, as well as stress and coping related to successful aging based on ecological systems theory. Another 303 grandparents (92 migrants, mean age 61.2 ± 4.8, 158 females) were recruited to complete some questionnaires about the intensity of grandparenting, proactive coping, successful aging, as well as some demographic information (e.g., migration, socioeconomic status).

Results
the interview data revealed that all grandparents valued harmonious family relationships most. Migrant grandparents uniquely faced stressors in different ecological systems, i.e., hardships in their close relationships, inadequate social welfare, and uncertainty in aging preparation. Regarding coping strategies, migrant grandparents uniquely employed avoidance coping strategies when facing intergenerational conflicts and preparing for their later life, as compared with non-migrant grandparents, in the process of perceiving successful aging. The quantitative study found that intensive grandparenting activated more proactive coping thus establishing a successful late life, which only existed among non-migrant grandparents.

Discussion
Migration has a detrimental effect on older adults’ successful aging via imposing extra pressure on grandparents’ life, and/or damaging their ability to proactively cope with potential challenges.
MIRROR-TCM TRIAL: THE INFLUENCE OF PATIENT-LEVEL FACTORS ON ACUTE CARE RESOURCE USE OF OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Osokpo Onome , Hirschman Karen , Ahrens Monica , Ji Wenyan , Hanlon Alexandra , Naylor Mary 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Adverse Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) impact post-hospitalization outcomes (e.g., frequent acute care resource use: emergency department [ED] visits, rehospitalizations). The Transitional Care Model Intervention (TCM), an advanced practice registered nurse–led team-based care-management strategy, has demonstrated improved outcomes among older adults throughout transitions from hospital to home. Yet, little is known about the relationship between specific patient-level factors (i.e., demographic, clinical, SDoH) and acute care resource use (i.e., counts of rehospitalizations and ED visits) among hospitalized older adults with multiple chronic conditions who receive the TCM intervention. A total of 480 patients were randomized to receive the TCM in the MIRROR-TCM trial conducted from September 2020 to March 2023 at three diverse health systems in four states. Using multivariable generalized linear mixed effects regression with backward elimination, we examined the relationship between demographic (e.g., biological sex), clinical (e.g., counts of chronic conditions, etc.), SDoH characteristics (e.g., transportation, etc.), and acute care resource use during the intervention. Compared to those without housing concerns, older adults with housing concerns had 2.4 times higher rates of ED visits (p=0.049) and 2.2 times higher rates of rehospitalizations (p=0.005). Those who lacked transportation for medical appointments had 2.5 times higher ED visit rates (p=0.021) and 1.5 times higher rehospitalization rates (p=0.041). For each additional comorbidity, the rate of rehospitalization increased by a multiple of 1.08 (p=0.008). Understanding the adverse SDoH factors and increasing clinical complexity impacting resource use and tailoring evidence-based transitional care interventions to mitigate these factors to improve posthospitalization outcomes is critical.
MITIGATION OF MAJOR HIP INJURY FROM FALLS: EARLY RESEARCH RESULTS WITH SMART BELT STUDY
Authors: Tarbert Rebecca 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hip fractures sustained from falling are a devastating outcome for over 300,000 older adults every year in the US. The recovery from this major injury is extremally costly to the healthcare system and results in reduced mobility, increased dependency and up to 30% higher morbidity within 12 months of fracture. Avoidance of falls and injuries from falls is embedded into the standard of care for older adult providers though these standardized measures have not reduced the rate of death from falls as shown in recent studies. The study, Mitigation of Major Hip Injury due to fall in an At-Risk, Older Adult Population with a Wearable Smart Belt, seeks to compare the safety and efficacy of a wearable smartbelt to be worn around the waist of high risk older adults in order to mitigate major hip injuries related to falls through built-in sensors and the deployment of anatomically situated airbags around the hips during the hip impacting fall. The design of the study includes multiple older adult settings where subjects who are identified as being at high risk of fragility fracture and falls wear the study device for 6 months. Comparison of falls with major hip injury, emergency room visits and hospitalizations from falls and hip fractures from falls will be compared to a retrospective control group matched with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria. The poster will share the subject criteria and data gathered into November 2023. This study is listed on clinicaltrials.gov NCT#05245097
MODERATING EFFECT OF ANXIETY ON PROACTIVE CONTROL OF EMOTION ACROSS AGE
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Martins-Klein Bruna , Varu Ava 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Anxiety and aging predict difficulties engaging cognitive control and emotion regulation strategies like reappraisal. Dual mechanisms of control (DMC) theory suggests that cognitive control is engaged in anticipation of a task (proactive control) or in-the-moment (reactive control). Both aging and anxiety predict limited benefit from proactive control and greater reliance on reactive control during cognitive tasks. However, this remains unexamined in the emotion regulation context. In this eyetracking study, 41 younger (18-29) and 40 older adults (60-85) were cued to reappraise or view 80 negative images after a proactive (4s) or reactive delay (500 ms) prior to image onset, as regulatory arousal and effort were tracked by pupil responsivity. Multilevel models revealed that anxiety was associated with greater benefit of proactive over reactive control (reduced pupil response) for older adults during reappraisal and viewing (p &lt; .001). For younger adults, anxiety was associated with reduced benefits of proactive compared to reactive reappraisal use. Image viewing in younger adults revealed an interaction, where low anxiety predicted greater benefit from reactive control, and moderate to highly anxiety predicted greater benefit from proactive control. Thus, while older age was associated with greater proactive benefits in both emotional reactivity and reappraisal, younger adults only showed proactive control benefits during image viewing when anxiety was elevated. Future work should explore the clinical benefit of proactive training in late-life anxiety, and how emotional reactivity and reappraisal outcomes differ with cognitive control temporal dynamics in individuals with diagnosed anxiety disorders across the lifespan.
MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL THIOREDOXIN IN AGE-RELATE MUSCLE ATROPHY AND INJURY
Authors: Barkley Morgan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle is vital to health and wellbeing. Over the course of age there is a progressive decline in muscle mass and function. This decline results in frailty, reduced independence, reduced quality of life and elevated risk of mortality. Lean muscle mass contributes approximately 50% of body mass in a young adult while only 25% in an individual in their 80s. Critically, this decline in muscle mass is not continuous but composed of periods of stability punctuated by rapid declines. The chief driver of such events is loss due to injury related inactivity. Bed rest, is an essential part of recovering from injuries, however, long periods of inactivity can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy. A study of just 10 days bed rest in older adults produced a 6% decline in lower extremity lean muscle mass and a 15% decline in muscle function. Importantly much of the muscle mass lost even from short bed rest events are thought to never be recovered and to accelerate age related muscle declines. For this reason, development of interventions which reduce bed rest induced muscular atrophy would have considerable benefits in maintenance of independence for older adults. In my research project I am investigating a novel genetic target to ameliorate muscle atrophy as a consequence of immobility. We have found the protein TXNIP, a critical driver of apoptosis, to be induced under limb. Using TXNIP knockdown and TXNIP inhibitors I’m testing the hypothesis that prevention of TXNIP induction can reduce muscle atrophy.
MUTUAL INFORMATION OF NEUROIMAGES AND GENETIC VARIANTS TO STUDY THE DETERMINANTS OF BRAIN AGING
Authors: Kim Nicholas , Amgalan Anar , Imms Phoebe , Chowdhury Nahian , Chaudhari Nikhil , Irimia Andrei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Understanding the genetic determinants of brain aging is important because advanced biological age of the brain is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic variations with effects on brain aging; mapping their influence on brain structure can elucidate the genetic correlates of AD. We adopted an information theoretic approach to this by computing the mutual information (MI) between (A) 22 AD-risk SNPs and (B) the MRI intensities of the cortex in 6,000 UK Biobank participants (~50% females) aged 54 to 84 years. These cortex-wide calculations quantified how SNPs impact brain structure. As expected, the APOE-ε4 allele, the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, exhibited significantly (p &lt; 0.025) higher MI with MRI intensity, when compared to the average MI expected for a null distribution model, in the medial parietal lobe, pars orbitalis, and left inferior occipital lobe, three brain structures responsible for memory recall, language processing, and visual perception. These findings reflect the memory loss, decreased speech, and reduced peripheral vision experienced by individuals with AD. The ABCA7 allele, a risk factor for late- onset AD, had significantly (p &lt; 0.025) higher MI in the inferior temporal sulcus and angular gyrus. These structures are responsible for visual recognition and attention, two functions that are severely impaired by AD. Other findings reveal similar relationships between AD-risk SNPs and brain structure. Our findings illustrate how mapping the MI between MRI intensities and SNPs provides insight into genetic influences on brain structures linked to AD symptoms.
NAVIGATING THE CHALLENGES OF RETIREMENT TRANSITIONS FOR COUPLES IN ARAB SOCIETY
Authors: Nashef-Hamuda Reem 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Retirement marks the beginning of the third age and is considered one of the most significant transitions in the later stages of life In the aging process, individuals and couples must adapt to many changes that affect their lifestyle and marital relationships. This study investigates post-retirement couples’ dynamics in Arab society, focusing on Relational Turbulence Theory (RTT) and its correlation with marital satisfaction and intimacy. Data from 106 retired couples (average male age = 70.3, female age = 65.1) reveal RTT’s relevance in explaining relationship uncertainty and interdependence during transitions. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, psychometric properties are validated, and gender equivalence is established. Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling demonstrates that self-uncertainty, partner uncertainty, relationship uncertainty, interference, and facilitation significantly predict marital quality and intimacy. Partners’ impact is crucial. emphasizing how a partner’s experiences influence marital outcomes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities of post-retirement relationships in Arab society. The main theoretical contribution of the current study will be linking gerontology and couple dynamics in the context of the Arab society in Israel, which is an ethnic minority group and a traditional society in transition (modernization). the Practical implications of this study are helping professionals understand the factors that affect the quality of a couple’s relationship after retirement. This understanding will help professionals to provide adequate interventions for couples pre and postretirement, furthermore, the study’s findings will contribute to developing retirement planning interventions and culturally sensitive intervention programs for couples from the Arab society in Israel postretirement.
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN VIVO DISTINGUISHES AMYLOID DEPOSITION IN SUBJECTS WITH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Authors: Schell Brent , Greco Frank 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), a condition characterized by amyloid beta peptide deposition in cerebral vasculature, is commonly found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that it is possible to distinguish subjects with Alzheimer’s disease from age-matched controls in vivo using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. However, correlating neuropathological findings with the spectral features that best distinguish disease from control remains a challenge. Tissue optics predict that pathology in the leptomeningeal vasculature should be distinguishable from that of the adjacent brain parenchyma. In this study, NIR spectra were acquired in vivo from subjects with autopsy confirmed AD (n= 26). Postmortem specimens were histologically classified according to the degree of CAA (0 to 3+) noted in the leptomeningeal vasculature for each patient. A feature selection approach was used to discover spectral features that distinguished patients with high versus minimal degrees of CAA found at autopsy (scored as 3+ vs. 0, respectively). Two distinct spectral regions around 768nm and 891nm were identified as discriminants which could properly classify patients according to their CAA score, suggesting that these regions are correlated with amyloid beta peptide deposition. These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect and possibly inform the burden of amyloid deposition. More research is needed to establish if this technique can be used to monitor disease progression and response to therapeutic interventions, especially in light of emerging new immunotherapies.
NEED-BASED INTERVENTION DELIVERY FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF OLDER ADULTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene , Burant Christopher , Jeanblanc Alexandra , Juratovac Evanne 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The literature on family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s or other dementias abounds with studies of psychoeducational or cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce stress and promote mental health. However, the determination of the caregiver’s need for specific interventions is rarely documented or based on clinical judgment. Researchers typically assume an intervention was needed when positive outcomes emerge. In a sample of 87 family caregivers of persons with dementia, our research examined baseline cut scores on validated measures of resourcefulness and dementia knowledge, which exemplify cognitive-behavioral and psychoeducational interventions, respectively, to determine whether the caregivers needed Dementia Education or Resourcefulness Training.© We found that 66% of the caregivers showed a high need for Dementia Education and 61% showed moderate to high need for Resourcefulness Training.© More specifically, subscales comprising the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale revealed the highest need for education concerning the cause or course of dementia (72%) communication and behaviors accompanying the illness (79%), and associated risk factors (80%). The need for knowledge on care and symptoms was lowest (28%). Resourcefulness Scale© scores indicated a higher need for social (help-seeking) skills training (82%) than personal (self-help) skills training (36%). Interestingly, we found that 55% of caregivers showed a moderate to high need for both interventions. The findings suggest further research to investigate the delivery of Dementia Education and Resourcefulness Training© interventions based on documented caregiver need and the additive and sequential effects on stress and mental health when both interventions are provided, particularly when a need for both interventions is established.
NEIGHBORHOOD DISADVANTAGE AND PHYSICAL FUNCTIONING: EXPLORING GENDER-SPECIFIC MECHANISMS
Authors: Cheung Pui Yin , Curtis David , Wen Ming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The relationship between poverty status and functional limitation among late middle age and older adults is well-established. However, the contextual effect of neighborhood disadvantage on physical functioning is less clear. First, the potential pathways linking the two are largely unexplored. Extant evidence shows that perceived neighborhood safety and order are significant predictors of physical functioning. Moreover, stress eating is a common coping strategy for stressful life events and contexts. These three explanations potentially mediate the relationship between poverty rate and physical functioning. Second, even though existing evidence finds stark gender difference in physical functioning, the explanations for the gender difference remains largely unknown. We propose that gender-specific mechanisms can explain the gender difference in physical functioning. The goal of the study was to test the gender-specific mechanism thesis based on a nationally representative sample of adults 55 to 93 years of age in the MIDUS 2 and 3 data (N = 2099). We employed Multilevel Generalized Structural Equation Modeling to test the gender-specific mediating roles of the three mediators. Results showed that county-level poverty rate is significantly associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among women and men. In contrast, perceived neighborhood safety and stress eating significantly mediate the relationship between poverty rate and physical functioning among women but not men. Furthermore, the indirect effect among women is significantly larger than among men. The important findings support gender-specific mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage and health and highlight the role of subjective neighborhood indicators among older women.