bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of electromyography onset detection methods for real-time control of robotic exoskeletons
Authors: Carvalho Camila R. , Fernández J. Marvin , del-Ama Antonio J. , Oliveira Barroso Filipe , Moreno Juan C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundElectromyography (EMG) is a classical technique used to record electrical activity associated with muscle contraction and is widely applied in Biomechanics, Biomedical Engineering, Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Robotics. Determining muscle activation onset timing, which can be used to infer movement intention and trigger prostheses and robotic exoskeletons, is still a big challenge. The main goal of this paper was to perform a review of the state-of-the-art of EMG onset detection methods. Moreover, we compared the performance of the most commonly used methods on experimental EMG data.MethodsA total of 156 papers published until March 2022 were included in the review. The papers were analyzed in terms of application domain, pre-processing method and EMG onset detection method. The three most commonly used methods [Single (ST), Double (DT) and Adaptive Threshold (AT)] were applied offline on experimental intramuscular and surface EMG signals obtained during contractions of ankle and knee joint muscles.ResultsThreshold-based methods are still the most commonly used to detect EMG onset. Compared to ST and AT, DT required more processing time and, therefore, increased onset timing detection, when applied on experimental data. The accuracy of these three methods was high (maximum error detection rate of 7.3%), demonstrating their ability to automatically detect the onset of muscle activity. Recently, other studies have tested different methods (especially Machine Learning based) to determine muscle activation onset offline, reporting promising results.ConclusionsThis study organized and classified the existing EMG onset detection methods to create consensus towards a possible standardized method for EMG onset detection, which would also allow more reproducibility across studies. The three most commonly used methods (ST, DT and AT) proved to be accurate, while ST and AT were faster in terms of EMG onset detection time, especially when applied on intramuscular EMG data. These are important features towards movement intention identification, especially in real-time applications. Machine Learning methods have received increased attention as an alternative to detect muscle activation onset. However, although several methods have shown their capability offline, more research is required to address their full potential towards real-time applications, namely to infer movement intention.
Continuous wavelet transform for solving the problem of minor components in quantitation of pharmaceuticals: a case study on the mixture of ibuprofen and phenylephrine with its degradation products
Authors: Hassan Said A. , Fekry Reham A. , Fayez Yasmin M. , Kelani Khadiga M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe presence of minor components represents a challenging problem in spectrophotometric analysis of pharmaceuticals. If one component has a low absorptivity or present in a low concentration compared to the other components, this will hinder its quantitation by spectrophotometric methods. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) as a signal processing technique was utilized to figure out a solution to such a problem. A comparative study was established between traditional derivative spectrophotometry (Numerical Differentiation, ND) and CWT to indicate the advantages and limitations of each technique and possibility of solving the problem of minor components. A mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine (PHE) with its degradation products forming a ternary mixture was used for comparing the two techniques. The two techniques were applied on raw spectral data and on ratio spectra data resulting in four methods, namely ND, CWT, Derivative Ratio-Zero Crossing (DRZC) and Continuous Wavelet Transform Ratio-Zero Crossing (CWTR-ZC) methods. By comparing the results in laboratory prepared mixtures, CWT technique showed advantages in analysis of mixtures with minor components than ND. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1), where their linearity was established with correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9995 to 0.9999. The linearity was in the range 3–40 μg/mL for PHE in all methods, while for IBU it was 20–180 and 30–180 μg/mL in CWT and ND methods, respectively. The CWT methods were applied for quantitative determination of the drugs in their dosage form showing the ability of the methods to quantitate minor components in pharmaceutical formulations.
Types of health service utilization in Mumbai slums: a community-based survey
Authors: Patwardhan Maitreyee , Li Shang-Ju , Miles Thomas , Dere Harshwardhan , Khushalani Dipika , Desai Shripad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveSociodemographic factors play a crucial role in shaping the health-seeking behaviors of individuals residing in slum areas, particularly in their choice of healthcare facilities. Recognizing the importance of strengthening the existing healthcare systems, this research project was undertaken with the primary objective of comprehending the health-seeking behaviors among residents of Mumbai’s slum dwellings in India. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive cross-sectional community needs assessment was conducted spanning from October 2018 to January 2019.Results432 respondents reported utilizing at least one health facility in the past year. They reported using private hospitals (172), public hospitals (208), Community Health clinics [23], or other healthcare services (29). To gain further insights into the factors influencing these choices, logistic regression analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed that being female was found to be negatively associated with the selection of a general practitioner as a preferred healthcare provider. On the other hand, higher levels of education and income were found to have a positive association with the preference for private hospitals. Conversely, these factors were negatively associated with the choice of government hospitals.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adolescents and their parents: a specific analysis by sex and socioeconomic status
Authors: Mesquita Eduardo Duarte de Lima , Tebar William Rodrigues , Correia Dayane Cristina Queiroz , Guica Juziane Teixeira , Torres Wésley , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Agostinete Ricardo Ribeiro , Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The association of lifestyle habits of parents and of their children has been widely investigated as an important determinant for healthy habits in youth. Although parental sociodemographic characteristics are potential confounding factors in parent-child physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), it is still unclear whether these factors have a moderating role in this association. This study aimed to analyze the association of parent-child PA and SB according to parental sex and economic level in adolescents.

Methods
The study sample was made up of 1231 adolescents (15.6 ± 1.1 years, 58.2% of girls), 1202 mothers and 871 fathers. The leisure-time and commuting PA was assessed by the Baecke questionnaire, while sedentary behaviour (SB) was assessed according to hours per week of television viewing and computer use, by both adolescents and their parents. Economic status was analyzed using a questionnaire and classified as low, medium, and high. Linear models were used to assess the association of parent-child PA and SB in the different domains according to parental sex and economic level.

Results
Leisure time was associated between boys and their fathers in high (β = 0.23, p = 0.044) and low economic classes (β = 0.31, p < 0.001), and girls and their mothers in low economic class (β = 0.38, p < 0.001). Commuting PA was associated between adolescents and both parents in low economic class (fathers β = 0.21, p = 0.005; mothers (β = 0.15, p = 0.020). TV time of boys was associated with TV time of fathers in low economic class (β = 0.13, p = 0.022) and with TV time of mothers in medium economic class (β = 0.13, p = 0.046). Among girls, TV time was associated with TV time of both parents only in low economic class (fathers β = 0.28, p < 0.001; mothers β = 0.25, p < 0.001). Computer use of girls was associated with computer use of fathers in high economic class (β = 1.72, p = 0.043) and mothers in low economic class (β = 0.57, p = 0.014), while no association was observed among boys.

Conclusion
Economic status was shown to be an important moderator of the association between parent-child PA and SB in adolescents.
Peer reviewers' willingness to review, their recommendations and quality of reviews after the Finnish Medical Journal switched from single-blind to double-blind peer review
Authors: Parmanne Piitu , Laajava Joonas , Järvinen Noora , Harju Terttu , Marttunen Mauri , Saloheimo Pertti 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a power imbalance between authors and reviewers in single-blind peer review. We explored how switching from single-blind to double-blind peer review affected 1) the willingness of experts to review, 2) their publication recommendations, and 3) the quality of review reports.

Methods
The Finnish Medical Journal switched from single-blind to double-blind peer review in September 2017. The proportion of review invitations that resulted in a received review report was counted. The reviewers’ recommendations of “accept as is”, “minor revision”, “major revision” or “reject” were explored. The content of the reviews was assessed by two experienced reviewers using the Review Quality Instrument modified to apply to both original research and review manuscripts. The study material comprised reviews submitted from September 2017 to February 2018. The controls were the reviews submitted between September 2015 and February 2016 and between September 2016 and February 2017. The reviewers’ recommendations and the scorings of quality assessments were tested with the Chi square test, and the means of quality assessments with the independent-samples t test.

Results
A total of 118 double-blind first-round reviews of 59 manuscripts were compared with 232 single-blind first-round reviews of 116 manuscripts. The proportion of successful review invitations when reviewing single-blinded was 67%, and when reviewing double-blinded, 66%. When reviewing double-blinded, the reviewers recommended accept as is or minor revision less often than during the control period (59% vs. 73%), and major revision or rejection more often (41% vs 27%, P = 0.010). For the quality assessment, 116 reviews from the double-blind period were compared with 104 reviews conducted between September 2016 and February 2017. On a 1–5 scale (1 poor, 5 excellent), double-blind reviews received higher overall proportion of ratings of 4 and 5 than single-blind reviews (56% vs. 49%, P < 0.001). Means for the overall quality of double-blind reviews were 3.38 (IQR, 3.33–3.44) vs. 3.22 (3.17–3.28; P < 0.001) for single-blind reviews.

Conclusions
The quality of the reviews conducted double-blind was better than of those conducted single-blind. Switching to double-blind review did not alter the reviewers’ willingness to review. The reviewers became slightly more critical.
Functional network connectivity patterns predicting the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Li Mengyun , Qin Zhiming , Yang Zhiyuan , Lv Tingyu , Yao Weina , Hu Zheqi , Qin Ruomeng , Zhao Hui , Bai Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is potentially effective in enhancing cognitive performance in the spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We explored the effect of rTMS-induced network reorganization and its predictive value for individual treatment response.

Methods
Sixty-two amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD patients were recruited. These subjects were assigned to multimodal magnetic resonance imaging scanning before and after a 4-week stimulation. Then, we investigated the neural mechanism underlying rTMS treatment based on static functional network connectivity (sFNC) and dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) analyses. Finally, the support vector regression was used to predict the individual rTMS treatment response through these functional features at baseline.

Results
We found that rTMS at the left angular gyrus significantly induced cognitive improvement in multiple cognitive domains. Participants after rTMS treatment exhibited significantly the increased sFNC between the right frontoparietal network (rFPN) and left frontoparietal network (lFPN) and decreased sFNC between posterior visual network and medial visual network. We revealed remarkable dFNC characteristics of brain connectivity, which was increased mainly in higher-order cognitive networks and decreased in primary networks or between primary networks and higher-order cognitive networks. dFNC characteristics in state 1 and state 4 could further predict individual higher memory improvement after rTMS treatment (state 1, R = 0.58; state 4, R = 0.54).

Conclusion
Our findings highlight that neuro-navigated rTMS could suppress primary network connections to compensate for higher-order cognitive networks. Crucially, dynamic regulation of brain networks at baseline may serve as an individualized predictor of rTMS treatment response.

Relevance statement
Dynamic reorganization of brain networks could predict the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease.

Key points
• rTMS at the left angular gyrus could induce cognitive improvement.
• rTMS could suppress primary network connections to compensate for higher-order networks.
• Dynamic reorganization of brain networks could predict individual treatment response to rTMS.

Graphical Abstract
Serological evidence for potential yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates, southeastern Mexico
Authors: Salas-Rojas Mónica , de Oliveira-Filho Edmilson Ferreira , Almazán-Marín Cenia , Rodas-Martínez Alba Zulema , Aguilar-Setién Álvaro , Drexler Jan Felix 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Arthropod-borne flaviviruses like dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are major human pathogens. In Latin America, YFV is maintained in sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest-dwelling mosquitos. YFV supposedly does not circulate north of Panama.

Methods
We conducted a serologic study for flaviviruses and other emerging viruses in NHP from southeastern Mexico. A total of thirty sera of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi, n = 25), black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra, n = 3), and mantled howler monkeys (Al. palliata, n = 2) sampled in 2012 and 2018 were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detected IgG antibodies against DENV, YFV, Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Zaire Ebola virus, and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) representing all mosquito-borne flavivirus serocomplexes circulating in the Americas.

Results
A total of 16 sera (53.3%; 95% CI, 34.3–71.7) showed IFA reactivity to at least one tested flavivirus with end-point titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. No serum reacted with other viruses. Monotypic and high mean PRNT90 endpoint YFV titers of 1:246 were found in 3 black-handed spider monkey sera (10.0%; 95% CI, 2.1–26.5) sampled in 2018 in Tabasco, compared to all other flaviviruses tested. Monotypic endpoint PRNT90 titers of 1:28 for Ilheus virus and 1:22 for WNV in serum of black howler monkeys sampled in 2018 in Tabasco suggested additional flavivirus exposure.

Conclusions
Our findings may suggest unnoticed YFV circulation. Intensification of YFV surveillance in NHP and vectors is warranted in Mexico and potentially other areas considered free of yellow fever.
Regular medical checkup program (in K-MEDI hub) to enhance the welfare of laboratory dogs and pigs
Authors: Lee Gwang-Hoon , Jo Woori , Park Joon-Suk , Kang Tae-Ku , Sung Soo-Eun , Oh Taeho , Kim KilSoo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The importance of animal welfare is being recognized worldwide. Recently, the increasing demand for enhanced laboratory animal welfare has led to clinically featured transformations of animal research institutes. This study aims to describe the process and findings of veterinary medical check-ups and its influence on laboratory dogs and pigs welfare. Regular medical checkups were conducted by the attending veterinarian twice a year to ensure the health and welfare of dogs and pigs in our animal research institute. Based on the findings from the medical checkup, we assessed the current health of dogs and pigs,providing reasonable treatments to prevent the risk of complications.

Results
Blood tests and physical examinations revealed clinically relevant findings. Some of these findings were due to insufficient postoperative care after invasive surgical experiments and the remaining were predictable side effects after surgical experiments. However, one finding involved severe gum bleeding due to retained deciduous teeth. This animal was euthanized because it was judged to reach the humane endpoint. Majority of the dogs and pigs at our animal research institute were considered to be healthy, based on the comprehensive results of the medical checkups.

Conclusions
Regular medical checkups by the attending veterinarian established enhanced animal welfare, ensuring the accuracy and reproducibility of animal studies. This pioneering veterinary animal care program can serve as a potential advanced guideline for animal research institutes to improve dogs and pigs welfare.
Method operable design region for robust RP-HPLC analysis of pioglitazone hydrochloride and teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate: incorporating hybrid principles of white analytical chemistry and design of experiments
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Rana Bageshree , Pulusu Veera Shakar , Shah Shailesh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
A combination of pioglitazone hydrochloride with teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate is used to treat type-2 diabetes. Several chromatographic techniques have been described in the literature for determination of each of these medications separately. But these procedures used organic solvents that could be dangerous for humans and animals, not to mention harmful to the environment. It is vital to substitute or reduce the use of these neurotoxic and teratogenic solvents in the chromatographic analysis of these anti-diabetic medications to ensure the safety of life and safeguard the environment. The chromatographic technique used for sample analysis should have characteristics like robustness, eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and user-friendliness following the recently developed idea of white analytical chemistry. Teneligliptin and pioglitazone have not yet been simultaneously estimated using a chromatographic method that has been documented in the literature.

Methods
A white analytical chemistry-assisted RP-HPLC method has been developed to fill this gap, using economical and eco-friendly solvents. The design of the experiment approach was used during the development of the RP-HPLC method to reduce organic waste and guarantee that the procedure complied with all applicable regulations. Response surface models were built using the full factorial design approach, and the analytical design space was investigated. This method allowed for the identification of an optimal chromatographic condition within the method's operational design region, allowing reliable RP-HPLC analysis of pioglitazone and teneligliptin.

Results
The developed RP-HPLC technique underwent validation and was used effectively to assess these drugs in their fixed-dose combinations. Assessments were made of the suggested and published RP-HPLC techniques' validation status, process greenness, cost, and analysis time. For a thorough examination, this review included white analytical chemistry-based RGB models and different green analytical chemistry-based tools.

Conclusion
In allowing the simultaneous estimate of teneligliptin and pioglitazone, the devised approach demonstrated robustness, eco-friendliness, and cost-effectiveness.
Spectral analysis of bipolaron dynamics in nondegenerate conjugated polymers
Authors: Sun S. T. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Spectral characteristics of the bipolaron dynamics in nondegenerate polymers have been investigated based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, by using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics and power-spectrum density methods. The results show that the fundamental frequencies of bond-current density are proportional to the saturation velocities of the bipolaron. Further, the dependence of the fundamental frequencies of bond-current density on electric field and temperature can be divided into two cases. For the case of the field higher than a critical value, the thermal effects enhance the fundamental frequency of bond-current density, whereas at field lower than the threshold, the fundamental frequency is inhibited by thermal effects. It reflects the competition between electric field and temperature in bipolaron dynamics. Moreover, in the spectrum of optic mode, the weight of characteristic peak corresponding to breather first rapidly increases and then increases slowly with increasing electric field, which corresponds to the variation of the bipolaron velocity.
Magnetic resonance imaging burn injury from metal eyelets on patient’s clothing
Authors: Prescott Sarah , Jarvest Bruce , Poole Harry 
Published: October 2023

This case report describes an incident which occurred following a cardiac MRI scan. The patient was permitted to wear their own jogging bottoms for the scan, which had two metal eyelets on them. The day after the MRI examination the patient called the MRI department to inform them that there was a lesion on their abdomen. The patient was assessed and this was diagnosed as a partial thickness burn. This case report describes the lessons learnt from this incident. 1