bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor Rev-erbα Recruits the N-CoR/Histone Deacetylase 3 Corepressor to Regulate the Circadian Bmal1 Gene
Authors: Yin Lei , Lazar Mitchell A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTranscriptional regulation plays a fundamental role in controlling circadian oscillation of clock gene expression. The orphan nuclear receptor Rev-erbα has recently been implicated as a major regulator of the circadian clock. Expression of Bmal1, the master regulator of circadian rhythm in mammals, is negatively correlated with Rev-erbα mRNA level, but the molecular mechanism underlying this regulation is largely unknown. Here we show that Rev-erbα dramatically represses the basal activity of the mouse Bmal1 gene promoter via two monomeric binding sites, both of which are required for repression and are conserved between mouse and human. Rev-erbα directly binds to the mouse Bmal1 promoter and recruits the endogenous nuclear receptor corepressor (N-CoR)/histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) complex, in association with a decrease in histone acetylation. The endogenous N-CoR/HDAC3 complex is also associated with the endogenous Bmal1 promoter in human HepG2 liver cells, where a reduction in cellular HDAC3 level markedly increases the expression of Bmal1 mRNA. These data demonstrate a new function for the N-CoR/HDAC3 complex in regulating the expression of genes involved in circadian rhythm by functioning as corepressor for Rev-erbα.
Preparation and Characterization of a Microfabricated Oxide-on-Oxide Catalyst of α-Sb2O4/VSbO4
Authors: Ohminami Yusuke , Suzuki Shushi , Matsudaira Nobuaki , Nomura Tomoko , Chun Wang-Jae , Ijima Kaoru , Nakamura Motonori , Mukasa Koichi , Nagase Masao , Asakura Kiyotaka 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
We have prepared microfabricated α-Sb2O4 thin films on VSbO4 by electron lithography. The VSbO4 thin films were prepared on a Si substrate by a sol–gel method combined with a spin coating. The size, separation and arrangement of the α-Sb2O4 overlayer were controlled by electron-beam lithography. We could successfully draw 0.5 μm wide lines with a separation of 2 μm. A preliminary study on the catalysis showed an enhancement of the selectivity in a propene conversion reaction to acrolein on a microfabricated α-Sb2O4/VSbO4.
Structures and Magnetic Properties of First-Row Transition Metal Complexes with Bridging Ligands, Squarate or Pyrazine
Authors: Jimbo-Kobayashi Akiko , Kobayashi Akiko , Tamura Itaru , Kawada Nao , Miyamoto Takeshi 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
For the purpose of construction of the hydrogen-bonded and coordination-bonded supramolecular network, MnII complex bridged by squarate molecules was synthesized, and their structural and magnetic properties were studied. X-ray structure determination revealed that MnII complex, [MnII4(C4O4)4(C4H4N2)(H2O)8], had a three-dimensional network structure bridged by squarates with cavities which trap pyrazine molecules. Pyrazine molecules have an orientational disorder even at 10 K in the cavities. They are stabilized by weak hydrogen bonds with a network formed by squarates. A weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction is observed between magnetic moments on Mn2+ ions through squarate. In the case of one-dimensional polymer chain complexes, MII(C4O4)(C4H4N2)(H2O)4 (where MII = FeII, NiII, CuII), which are bridged by pyrazine molecules, the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility follows Bonner–Fischer’s one dimensional chain model. The antiferromagnetic exchange parameter for CuII complex is slightly larger than those for FeII and NiII complexes. This difference is considered to be caused by the difference of the metal to metal distances. In the case of [CoII(C4O4)(C4H4N2)(H2O)4], clear anisotropy of the magnetic properties was observed, which was caused by large zero-field splitting.
Liquid Crystallinity of 2-Fluorenyl 4-Alkylbenzoates
Authors: Yamamoto Jun , Kimura Takao , Takabayashi Yutaka , Oba Toru , Karikomi Michinori , Minabe Masahiro 
Published: March 2005

Abstract
The liquid crystallinity values of 2-fluorenyl 4-alkyl (pentadecyl, n-, or s-butyl)-benzoates were compared with those of biphenyl homologues. Cyano group or hydrogen was used as the end group at the 7-position of 2-fluorenol moiety. Methoxy and hydroxy groups in addition to hydrogen were examined as a lateral substituent at the 2-position of 4-alkylbenzoic acid unit. 7-Cyano-2-fluorenyl 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecylbenzoate shows very similar properties to those of 4′-cyanobiphenyl-4-yl 2-hydroxy-4-pentadecylbenzoate.
Three‐Dimensional Internal Order in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (Adv. Mater. 6/2005)
Authors: Koziol K. , Shaffer M. , Windle A. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractUnprecedented levels of internal order are obtained in multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition with a nitrogen‐doping level of 3% in work reported by Windle and co‐workers on p. 760. Not only is each of the tubular layers of the same orientation (chirality), but they also appear to be in three‐dimensional crystallographic register with one another as shown by the hkl reflections on the cover. The tubes are also straighter and thicker than pure carbon equivalents. The layers are either pure zigzag or pure armchair with spacings close to that of graphite.
The Influence of Differences Between Microchannels on Micro Reactor Performance
Authors: Delsman E. R. , de Croon M. H. J. M. , Elzinga G. D. , Cobden P. D. , Kramer G. J. , Schouten J. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMicrostructured reactors most often contain a large number of micrometer‐sized, parallel channels, instead of a large undivided reaction volume. Individual microchannels behave as plug‐flow reactors without significant axial dispersion and with excellent heat and mass transfer properties. However, since the reaction takes place in a large number of parallel channels, it is important that all channels provide equal residence time and amount of catalyst volume. These issues depend not only on the flow distributor design, but also, for example, on the manufacturing tolerances. Correlations are derived to express the conversion of a multichannel microreactor explicitly as a function of the variance of a number of reactor parameters, viz. the channel flow rate, the channel diameter, the amount of catalyst in a channel, and the channel temperature. It is shown that the influence of flow maldistribution on the overall reactor conversion is relatively small, while the influences of variations in the channel diameter and the amount of catalyst coating are more pronounced. The model outcomes are also compared to experimental results of two microreactors with different catalyst distributions, which show that the presented method is able to provide a quick, though rough estimation of the influence of differences between channels on microreactor performance.
Improving delivery of antineoplastic agents with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy
Authors: Yang Anthony D. , Bauer Todd W. , Camp E. Ramsay , Somcio Ray , Liu Wenbiao , Fan Fan , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIt is believed that impairments in delivery of antineoplastic agents to solid tumors result from abnormalities of the tumor microenvironment. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the prototypical angiogenic molecule, is one of the main factors responsible for the development and maintenance of the aberrant tumor vascular network, which is characterized by chaotic, leaky blood vessels with high interstitial fluid pressure and inefficient blood flow. The authors proposed that anti‐VEGF therapy would reduce the elevated interstitial fluid pressure in tumors, thereby improving blood flow and potentially improving delivery of cytotoxic agents to tumor cells. For the current report, the authors reviewed characteristics of the abnormal tumor vasculature created under the influence of VEGF, the resulting tumor microenvironment, how the tumor microenvironment may impede delivery of antineoplastic agents, and how the combination of anti‐VEGF and cytotoxic therapy may maximize the efficacy of antineoplastic treatment regimens. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Bile acids induce MUC2 overexpression in human colon carcinoma cells
Authors: Song Shumei , Byrd James C. , Koo Ja Seok , Bresalier Robert S. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMucin alterations are a common feature of colonic neoplasia, and alterations in MUC2 mucin have been associated with tumor progression in the colon. Bile acids have been linked to colorectal carcinogenesis and mucin secretion, but their effects on mucin gene expression in human colon carcinoma cells is unknownMETHODSHuman colon carcinoma cells were treated ≤ 6 hours with 10–200 μM deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, or ursodeoxycholate. MUC2 protein was assayed by Western blot analysis and MUC2 transcription was assayed using a MUC2 promoter reporter luciferase construct. Transcription activator protein 1 (AP‐1) activity was measured using an AP‐1 reporter construct and confirmed by Western blot analysis for c‐Jun/AP‐1.RESULTSMUC2 transcription and MUC2 protein expression were increased three to fourfold by bile acids in a time and dose‐dependent manner with no effect on cell viability. AP‐1 activity was also increased (deoxycholate > chenodeoxycholate > ursodeoxycholate). Treatment with the putative chemopreventive agent curcumin, which decreased AP‐1 activity, also decreased MUC2 transcription. Cotransfection with a dominant negative AP‐1 vector decreased MUC2 transcription, confirming the significance of AP‐1 in MUC2 induction by deoxycholate. Calphostin C, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), greatly decreased bile acid‐induced MUC2 transcription and AP‐1 activity, whereas inhibitors of MAP kinase had no effect.CONCLUSIONSBile acids induced mucin expression in human colon carcinoma cells by increasing MUC2 transcription through a process involving MAP kinase‐independent, PKC‐dependent activation of AP‐1. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Single Carbon Nanotube Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Hartschuh Achim , Pedrosa Hermenegildo N. , Peterson Jeffrey , Huang Libai , Anger Pascal , Qian Huihong , Meixner Alfred J. , Steiner Mathias , Novotny Lukas , Krauss Todd D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis Minireview discusses novel insights into the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes obtained using single‐molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectra from single nanotubes are well described by a single, Lorentzian lineshape. Nanotubes with identical structures fluoresce with different energies due to local electronic perturbations. Carbon nanotube fluorescence unexpectedly does not show any intensity or spectral fluctuations at 300 K. The lack of intensity blinking or bleaching demonstrates that carbon nanotubes have the potential to provide a stable, single‐molecule infrared photon source, allowing for the exciting possibility of applications in quantum optics and biophotonics.
A totally enclosed traction motor using a permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Matsuoka Koichi , Kondo Minoru , Shimizu Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2005

AbstractVentilated‐type traction motors are widely used for railway vehicles. However, they require overhauls to clean inside them. In addition, they are a major noise source in railway vehicles. To solve these problems, we propose a totally enclosed‐type traction motor using a permanent magnet synchronous motor that has the same weight power ratio as that of a conventional ventilated‐type traction motor. In this paper, we report the test results of the proposed motor. The test results demonstrate that the temperature rise values are within its limit and the noise level is decreased by 10 dB compared to conventional motors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 71–80, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20079
An operating method using prediction of photovoltaic power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system
Authors: Yamamoto Shigehiro , Sumi Kazuyoshi , Nishikawa Eiichi , Hashimoto Takeshi 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a novel operating method using prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system. The system is composed of a PV array, a storage battery, a bidirectional inverter, and a diesel engine generator (DG). The proposed method enables the system to save fuel consumption by using PV energy effectively, reducing charge and discharge energy of the storage battery, and avoiding low‐load operation of the DG. The PV power is simply predicted from a theoretical equation of solar radiation and the observed PV energy for a constant time before the prediction. The fuel consumption of the proposed method is compared with that of other methods by a simulation based on measurement data of the PV power at an actual PV generation system for 1 year. The simulation results indicate that the amount of fuel consumption of the proposed method is smaller than that of any other methods, and is close to that of the ideal operation of the DG. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 8–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20116
Magnolol stimulates lipolysis in lipid‐laden RAW 264.7 macrophages
Authors: Chen Jin‐Shan , Chen Yuh‐Lien , Greenberg Andrew S. , Chen Yi‐Jen , Wang Seu‐Mei 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of magnolol, a compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on lipolysis in lipid‐laden RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment of macrophages with magnolol led to dissolution of lipid droplets. This phenomenon was accompanied by a dose‐dependent release of glycerol and cholesterol and a concomitant reduction in intracellular levels of glycerol and cholesterol. Furthermore, adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP), a lipid droplet‐associated protein, was down‐regulated by magnolol in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner by Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence studies also showed that ADRP became detached from the surface of lipid droplets after magnolol treatment. The lipolytic effect of magnolol was not mediated through the cAMP‐protein kinase A (PKA) system, an authentic lipolytic pathway for macrophages, since magnolol did not induce an increase of intracellular cAMP levels, and pretreatment with either of PKA inhibitors, PKI and KT5720, did not abrogate the lipolytic response to magnolol. We conclude that magnolol induce‐lipolysis of lipid‐laden macrophages by down‐regulation of ADRP expression and detachment of ADRP from the lipid droplet surface by a cAMP‐independent mechanism. Lipolysis of lipid‐laden macrophages may occur when the amount of ADRP on the surface of lipid droplets is not enough to stabilize the lipid droplets. J. Cell. Biochem. 94: 1028–1037, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mast cell exocytosis can be triggered by ammonium chloride with just a cytosolic alkalinization and no calcium increase
Authors: Pernas‐Sueiras O. , Alfonso A. , Vieytes M.R. , Botana L.M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA human mast cell line (HMC‐1) has been used to study the effect of cytosolic alkaline pH in exocytosis. Compound 48/80, concanavalin A, and thapsigargin do not induce histamine release in HMC‐1 cells. Although thapsigargin does not activate histamine release, it does show a large increase in cytosolic Ca2+, and no change in cytosolic pH. However, when HMC‐1 cells were activated with ionomycin, a significant histamine release takes place, and this effect is higher in the presence of thapsigargin. Both drugs show an additive effect on cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) does activate cytosolic alkalinization and histamine release, with no increase in cytosolic Ca2+. NH4Cl does block the release of internal Ca2+ by thapsigargin, not by ionomycin, and decreases Ca2+ influx stimulated by these drugs. Under conditions in which the alkalinization induced by NH4Cl is blocked by acidification with sodium propionate, histamine release is inhibited. The release of histamine is also observed when NH4Cl is added after propionate addition, regardless of the final pH value attained. Our results show that a shift in pH alkaline values, even with final pH below 7.2 is enough to activate histamine release. A shift to less acidic values is a sufficient signal to activate the cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of adenosine triphosphate in renal ischemic injury: Involvement of NF‐κB
Authors: Lee Yun Jung , Han Ho Jae 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRenal ischemic/reperfusion injury in vivo results in a significant increase of acute renal failure (ARF) and death. Nevertheless, there are many limitations in using in vivo models of renal ischemic injury to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of renal injury. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an extracellular signal, has been shown to be an important factor in regulation of epithelial cell function. Thus, the present study was performed to establish in vitro ischemic model using primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubule cells (PTCs) and to examine the effect of ATP in this model. We established an in vitro model of ischemic injury, causing severe depletion of intracellular ATP by using the combination of a mitochondrial respiration inhibitor (antimycin A), non‐metabolizable glucose analog (2‐deoxyglucose), and calcium ionophore (A23187) in PTCs. Indeed, this ischemic injury significantly increased LDH release, a marker of structural damage, and ATP blocked ischemic injury‐induced LDH release. 2‐Methylthio‐ATP and ATP‐γ‐S (P2Y purinoceptor agonists) also blocked ischemic injury‐induced LDH release, whereas AMP‐CPP (P2X purinoceptor agonist) did not block it. In experiments to examine the relationship between ischemic injury and NF‐κB activation, ischemic injury increased NF‐κB translocation, DNA binding activity, and CAT activity. On the other hand, ATP, ATP‐γ‐S, or 2‐methylthio‐ATP protected ischemic injury‐induced NF‐κB activation. These results suggest that the protective effect of ATP on ischemic injury is, in part, related to inhibition of NF‐κB activation via P2Y receptor in PTCs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of corn cob mix in organic finishing pig nutrition
Authors: Millet Sam , Raes Katleen , De Smet Stefaan , Janssens Geert PJ 
Published: March 2005

AbstractTwo consecutive experiments were performed to evaluate corn cob mix (CCM) inclusion in an organic diet. The experiments were performed in an organic barn on nine pens of four pigs (two barrows and two sows) of commercial breeds from 45 kg to slaughter. In the first experiment, an organic concentrate was mixed with organic CCM‐silage to obtain three concentrate:CCM ratios of 1:0, 4:1 and 3:2 (w:w). In the second experiment, three concentrates were produced to obtain diets with equal nutrient levels on a dry matter basis after 0, 200 and 400 g kg−1 CCM inclusion respectively. In all groups of both experiments, meat and carcass traits were comparable with common practice and differences between treatment groups were not seen. Feed conversion ratio on an as‐fed basis was worse with higher CCM levels in the diet, most likely due to the dilution effect by the lower dry matter content of CCM. In the first experiment, pigs on a higher concentrate:CCM ratio showed a higher feed intake, indicating a compensation for the lower energy density of these diets. In the second experiment, the 400 g kg−1 CCM group showed a lower daily dry matter intake (p = 0.048) leading to slower growth (p = 0.015). This indicated a bulk effect of the CCM in this case. In conclusion, lean carcasses with good meat quality can be obtained even in situations where up to 400 g kg−1 organic CCM‐silage is included in a balanced organic pig fattening diet. Moreover, a bulk effect of CCM‐silage can be used in some cases to limit the typically high dry matter intake in outdoor pig fattening, thereby preventing excessive fat accretion. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
N‐ and C‐terminal isoforms of arg quantified by real‐time PCR are specifically expressed in human normal and neoplastic cells, in neoplastic cell lines, and in HL‐60 cell differentiation
Authors: Perego Roberto A. , Corizzato Matteo , Bianchi Cristina , Eroini Barbara , Bosari Silvano 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe human ABL2 (or ARG) gene codes for a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase is involved in translocation with the ETV6 gene in human leukemia and has an altered expression in several human carcinomas. Two isoforms of Arg with different N‐termini (1A and 1B) have been described. The C‐terminal domain of Arg contains two F‐actin‐binding sequences that perform a number of actions related to cell morphology and motility by interacting with actin filaments. We have identified different‐sized specific cDNAs in hematopoietic, epithelial, nervous, and fibroblastic cells by means of the reverse transcription (RT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of human Arg mRNA. Some of these cDNAs showed an adjunctive alternative splice event involving the 63 bp sequence of exon II, thus leading to four cDNA types with different N‐termini: 1A long and short, and 1B long and short. Other cDNAs lacked a 309 bp sequence in the last exon involving one of the C‐terminal F‐actin binding domains, thus giving rise to two cDNA types: C‐termini long and short. Quantified by real‐time PCR—quantitative RT‐PCR—these Arg transcript isoforms have specific expression patterns not only in different normal and tumor cell types, but also during cell differentiation and growth arrest. These isoforms maintained the open reading frames, and eight putative proteins were predicted. The different C‐termini isoforms seem to retain the same quantitative reciprocal ratio of their respective transcripts. The Arg protein isoforms with different C‐terminal actin‐binding domains and different N‐termini might have specific cellular localizations/concentrations, and differently regulated catalytic activity with different implications in normal and neoplastic cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation of a 760 nm vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser structure by reflectance and photomodulated reflectance
Authors: Cripps S. A. , Hosea T. J. C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhotomodulated reflectance (PR) studies are conducted on the wafer of a vertical‐cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) designed for oxygen sensing up to high temperatures. By varying the angle of incidence, the VCSEL cavity mode (CM) is tuned through the positions of two static PR features, revealing the ground‐state electron to heavy‐hole and light‐hole quantum well (QW) transition energies. The PR is also measured over a large temperature range, revealing that the CM becomes tuned to the heavy‐hole QW transition at a temperature of 115 ± 1 °C, where the energies coincide at ∼1.631 eV (760 nm). It is observed that when tuned, the width of the CM feature in the reflectance spectrum is maximised. Reflectance simulations confirm that this broadening occurs when the CM is tuned with an excitonic transition, where the cavity absorption is maximised. Therefore, monitoring this broadening as the energies of the CM and QW are varied relative to each other could provide an additional, non‐destructive technique for determining the VCSEL ground‐state QW transition energy and the conditions under which it is tuned to the CM. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)