bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE OLDEST TRANSPORT ARTERY OF SCYTHIA (Lower Hypanis — middle course of Borysthenes Track)
Authors: Boltryk Yu. V. , Kariaka O. V. 
Published: November 2023

The article examines the connection between the archaeological sites of the pre-Scythian and Scythian times and the key watersheds of Right Bank Ukraine, as routes of potential overland communications that used to move goods in ancient times. One of the impetuses for turning to this topic was the discovery of four archaic amphorae (one whole from Klazomenai, others from Lesbos) at the recently discovered Khotynets hillfort in Poland, which is located in the extreme west of the country of the Early Iron Age hillforts of southern Eastern Europe. These finds of amphora containers in the area of Vyshnia and San valleys convincingly testify that trade caravans could reach this distant region from the Black Sea coast using only the land route. For its time, land communications were optimal, as they provided relatively reliable movement with a heavy load, along a path practically devoid of sharp descents and ascents.
Key attention in the article is given to one of the most ancient routes that connected the northern coast of the Black Sea with settlement structures in the Middle Dnieper region. The extreme points in this transport system were pre-Scythian hillforts — Dykii Sad located at the confluence of the Ingul and Southern Bug rivers and its potential northern partner Subotivske in the Tiasmin basin. During the Scythian rule in the Black Sea steppes, this route continued to be actively used. However, over time, the final trade terminals changed, and the route of trade caravans remained. Merchants from Olbia and the harbors of the northern coast of the Black Sea used the eastern edge of the Southern Bug basin as a reliable route to the fortified settlement structures of the forest-steppe Right Bank, among them Matronynske and the Trakhtemyrivske hillforts.
Given the shallow depths near the coast of Olbia, the authors consider the harbour of the little-explored ancient hillfort of Hlyboka Prystan as a likely place for unloading sea vessels with a deep draft. From this harbour opened a convenient way to the hillforts of the Forest Steppe, just using the oldest transport artery of Scythia.
TASMOLA CULTURE: THE FIRST RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF PAINTS ON THE OBJECTS FROM BARROWS
Authors: Beisenov A. Z. , Panichkin A. V. 
Published: November 2023

In a modern study of the issues of Tasmola culture the settlement materials made it possible to begin the developing aspects of population economic activity. The work with materials from the settlements showed the need for a new approach concerning the barrow finds. Among them the grave goods with remains of paint have survived. In the previous period the use of paints among the Tasmola population did not become the subject of special studies.
In 2013—2015 three burials were excavated on the territory of the Karaganda region: barrows 3 and 7 in the Baike 2 burial ground and barrow 4 in the Kiziltu 3 burial ground. All burials have been looted in antiquity. A bone hairpin was found in barrow 3 of the Baike 2 burial ground, a bone case was found in barrow 7, and a small stone altar was preserved in barrow 4 of the Kiziltu 4 burial ground. There are red paint residues on the side ledge and the top of the hairpin. Figures of 16 animals are carved on the surface of the bone case. The composition is made in the Saka animal style and painted with red and green paint. The oval stone altar has four legs. On the back side of this object, between the legs, remains of yellow-red paint have survived.
According to the results of chemical (elemental) analysis these paints were obtained from mercury sulfide or cinnabar as well as ocher and malachite. The barrows belong to the early Saka period and date back to the 7th—6th centuries BC. The discovered burial mounds are made of earth and stone. The diameters of the mounds are 8.5—12.5 m, the height is 0.35—0.4 m. These mounds are undoubtedly the burial places of the ordinary population and are not related to aristocrats. The authors believe that these are the female burials. All these minerals were found in the depths of Kazakhstan and there is reason to believe that these paints were made locally. Paints from ocher, cinnabar and malachite have been known in different parts of the world since ancient times. The available materials show that starting from the early Saka period these paints were widespread among the population of Kazakhstan and the Sayan-Altai.
MYSTERIOUS RITUAL OBJECTS OF THE SCYTHIANS: SEARCHING THE ANSWERS
Authors: Polidovych Yu. B. 
Published: November 2023

The paper is devoted to the analysis of versions of the probable use of gold cone-shaped objects that were in use from the last decades of the 6th centuries BC to the end of the 4th centuries BC. They are differ in size (base diameter varies from 5 to 19.8 cm, height — from 4 to 18 cm) and some shape features. At the same time, they are characterized by hollowness, a wide round base, which is usually 1.2—2.0 times greater than the height, and the obligatory presence (with two exceptions) of a small round hole in the «upper» part. All of them are made of gold or covered with this precious metal. Currently 26 such objects are known, and they originate from 19 assemblages from the Northern Pontic and Azov Sea regions (12), the Middle Don (1), the North Caucasus (2) and the Southern Urals (4).
The context of finding objects is considered in detail. It is concluded that they were mostly worn attached to the gorytos. This is also confirmed by the images on the stone sculpture. It is believed that the cones could have been a decoration of the gorytos or a sign of prestige. But, probably, the purpose of these items was different. Some of the cones were found in ritual complexes — hiding places within the burial chamber or next to the burial.
Researchers have put the different versions of the possible functional purpose of cone-shaped objects: ritual objects, part of a ceremonial headdress; a cap for tassels that were tied to the horse’s neck; pommel of a standard or staff; «case» for storing scalps; censer; ritual utensils. But most versions are based on arbitrary assumptions that contradict both the archaeological context of the find and the general cultural context.
From all versions, it is probable that the majority of the cones were used as ritual vessels for sacrifice by pouring out liquid. In several cases, these objects were found in caches together with ritual utensils. Other examples of ritual vessels with holes in the bottom are known. Some objects have a decoration in the form of a rosette (it surrounds the hole) which is placed only at the bottom of the bowls. It is possible that Herodotus’ information about the bowls that the Scythians wore on their belts is related to these objects. They could be used for sacrifices to «Scythian Ares», which we also know about from Herodotus’ «History».
HISTORY OF RESEARCH OF SCYTHIAN SITES IN THE NORTHERN AZOV SEA REGION
Authors: Demina А. D. 
Published: November 2023

Northern Azov region (Pryazovia) is the place of concentration of one of the largest groups of Scythian sites of the 5th—4th centuries BC. At the same time, local necropolises show significant variability in chronological and structural characteristics. Therefore, one of the first issues aimed at a better understanding of the region is the completeness and directions of archaeological research of the territory. The paper offers an overview of the main stages of the discovery of the Scythian sites in this region and the factors that influenced them. It follows the chronological order of explorations, both field and theoretical. The first excavations date back to the 19th century with the discovery of the kurhans in the Obitochna river mouth. The synchronous historical-geographical attempt of placing Herodotus’ Royal Scythians on the map of the Azov region is analyzed separately. The early 20th century is mostly characterized by archaeological studies in the local museums. The first large-scale expeditions as well as the summarizing works that approached the Azov region started in 1950—1960. During this stage the first in the 20th century Royal barrow, Melitopol kurhan, was excavated. This discovery prompted further research of the large kurhans in the Azov region. The breakthrough stage is considered to be the period between 1970 and 1990. The works in the North-Western part of Pryazovia were primarily associated with the Khersons’ka and Priazovs’ka expeditions of the Institute of Archaeology (IA). During this time, no less than 130 Scythian burial mounds were discovered and recorded there. The scope and amount of the field research also influenced the advancement in the standardization of the procedure of the kurhan exploration and documentation. In the Kalmius basin, archaeological research took place less intensively due to the smaller area of construction works. The excavations of the 1970s were primarily connected with the activities of the Donetsk expedition of the IA led by S. Bratchenko. Although the number of burials in the Donetsk region was significantly smaller, the research of the Shevchenko and Kremenivka complexes showed the presence of unique ritual sites, as well as the intensive use of local granite deposits for the construction of stone structures. Overall, more than a century of research allowed a better understanding of the history of the Scythians in the Pryazovia and showed the importance of continuing fieldwork and further conceptualizing this region.
Adquisición de bienes/servicios y gestión administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Mariscal Nieto, Moquegua, Perú
Authors: Herrera Ramos Vaneza Valeria , Mamani Ventura Yessi Noelia 
Published: November 2023

Objetivo. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la adquisición de bienes y servicios y gestión administrativa en la Municipalidad Provincial de Mariscal Nieto, Moquegua (Perú). Métodos. Para lograrlo se utilizó una metodología aplicada, con enfoque cuantitativos y diseño no experimental. A partir de una población de 50 trabajadores municipales, fue seleccionada una muestra de 35 mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario compuesto por 18 ítems en la escala tipo Likert. Dirigido a los trabajadores para conocer sus opiniones respecto al desarrollo de la gestión administrativa, así como la adquisición de bienes y servicios. Resultados. Expresan relación entre la gestión administrativa y la adquisición de bienes y servicios, mostrando una significancia menor a 0,5 y un valor rho de Spearman de 0,937 por lo que se afirma que la correlación es positiva muy alta. Conclusiones. En conclusión, se puede decir que la gestión administrativa es crucial para la adecuada adquisición de bienes y servicios en la Municipalidad de Moquegua, debido a su alto grado de correlación.
Fast Gravitational-wave Parameter Estimation without Compromises
Authors: Wong Kaze W. K. , Isi Maximiliano , Edwards Thomas D. P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a lightweight, flexible, and high-performance framework for inferring the properties of gravitational-wave events. By combining likelihood heterodyning, automatically differentiable, and accelerator-compatible waveforms, and gradient-based Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling enhanced by normalizing flows, we achieve full Bayesian parameter estimation for real events like GW150914 and GW170817 within a minute of sampling time. Our framework does not require pretraining or explicit reparameterizations and can be generalized to handle higher dimensional problems. We present the details of our implementation and discuss trade-offs and future developments in the context of other proposed strategies for real-time parameter estimation. Our code for running the analysis is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/kazewong/jim.
Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. XIII. Ultraviolet Time Lag of Hβ Emission in Mrk 142
Authors: Khatu Viraja C. , Gallagher Sarah C. , Horne Keith , Cackett Edward M. , Hu Chen , Pasquini Sofia , Hall Patrick , Wang Jian-Min , Bian Wei-Hao , Li Yan-Rong , Bai Jin-Ming , Chen Yong-Jie , Du Pu , Goad Michael , Jiang Bo-Wei , Li Sha-Sha , Songsheng Yu-Yang , Wang Chan , Xiao Ming , Yu Zhe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We performed a rigorous reverberation-mapping analysis of the broad-line region (BLR) in a highly accreting (L/L
Edd = 0.74–3.4) active galactic nucleus, Markarian 142 (Mrk 142), for the first time using concurrent observations of the inner accretion disk and the BLR to determine a time lag for the Hβ
λ4861 emission relative to the ultraviolet (UV) continuum variations. We used continuum data taken with the Niel Gehrels Swift Observatory in the UVW2 band, and the Las Cumbres Observatory, Dan Zowada Memorial Observatory, and Liverpool Telescope in the g band, as part of the broader Mrk 142 multiwavelength monitoring campaign in 2019. We obtained new spectroscopic observations covering the Hβ broad emission line in the optical from the Gemini North Telescope and the Lijiang 2.4 m Telescope for a total of 102 epochs (over a period of 8 months) contemporaneous to the continuum data. Our primary result states a UV-to-Hβ time lag of

8.68

−
0.72

+
0.75

days in Mrk 142 obtained from light-curve analysis with a Python-based running optimal average algorithm. We placed our new measurements for Mrk 142 on the optical and UV radius–luminosity relations for NGC 5548 to understand the nature of the continuum driver. The positions of Mrk 142 on the scaling relations suggest that UV is closer to the “true” driving continuum than the optical. Furthermore, we obtain

log
(

M

•

/

M

⊙

)

= 6.32 ± 0.29 assuming UV as the primary driving continuum.
Tidal Deformability of Neutron Stars in Scalar-tensor Theories of Gravity
Authors: Brown Stephanie M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences are valuable for testing theories of gravity in the strong field regime. By measuring neutron star tidal deformability using gravitational waves from binary neutron stars, stringent constraints were placed on the equation of state of matter at extreme densities. Tidal Love numbers in alternative theories of gravity may differ significantly from their general relativistic counterparts. Understanding exactly how the tidal Love numbers change will enable scientists to untangle physics beyond general relativity from the uncertainty in the equation of state measurement. In this work, we explicitly calculate the fully relativistic l ≥ 2 tidal Love numbers for neutron stars in scalar-tensor theories of gravitation. We use several realistic equations of state to explore how the mass, radius, and tidal deformability relations differ from those of general relativity. We find that tidal Love numbers and tidal deformabilities can differ significantly from those in general relativity in certain regimes. The electric tidal deformability can differ by ∼200%, and the magnetic tidal deformability differs by ∼300%. These deviations occur at large compactnesses (C = M/r ≳ 0.2) and vary slightly depending on the equation of state. This difference suggests that using the tidal Love numbers from general relativity could lead to significant errors in tests of general relativity using the gravitational waves from binary neutron star and neutron star black hole mergers.
High-angular-resolution Imaging of the V892 Tau Binary System: A New Circumprimary Disk Detection and Updated Orbital Constraints
Authors: Vides Christina L. , Sallum Steph , Eisner Josh , Skemer Andy , Murray-Clay Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a direct imaging study of V892 Tau, a young Herbig Ae/Be star with a close-in stellar companion and circumbinary disk. Our observations consist of images acquired via Keck II/NIRC2 with nonredundant masking and the pyramid wavefront sensor at

K
′

band (2.12 μm) and

L
′

band (3.78 μm). Sensitivity to low-mass accreting companions and cool disk material is high at

L
′

band, while complimentary observations at

K
′

band probe hotter material with higher angular resolution. These multiwavelength, multiepoch data allow us to differentiate the secondary stellar emission from disk emission and deeply probe the structure of the circumbinary disk at small angular separations. We constrain architectural properties of the system by fitting geometric disk and companion models to the

K
′

- and

L
′

-band data. From these models, we constrain the astrometric and photometric properties of the stellar binary and update the orbit, placing the tightest estimates to date on the V892 Tau orbital parameters. We also constrain the geometric structure of the circumbinary disk, and resolve a circumprimary disk for the first time.
Planetary Engulfment Prognosis within the ρ CrB System
Authors: Kane Stephen R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exoplanets have been detected around stars at various stages of their lives, ranging from young stars emerging from formation to the latter stages of evolution, including white dwarfs and neutron stars. Post-main-sequence stellar evolution can result in dramatic, and occasionally traumatic, alterations to the planetary system architecture, such as tidal disruption of planets and engulfment by the host star. The ρ CrB system is a particularly interesting case of advanced main-sequence evolution, due to the relative late age and brightness of the host star, its similarity to solar properties, and the harboring of four known planets. Here, we use stellar evolution models to estimate the expected trajectory of the stellar properties of ρ CrB, especially over the coming 1.0–1.5 billion yr as it evolves off the main sequence. We show that the inner three planets (e, b, and c) are engulfed during the red giant phase and asymptotic giant branch, likely destroying those planets via either evaporation or tidal disruption at the fluid-body Roche limit. The outer planet, planet d, is briefly engulfed by the star several times toward the end of the asymptotic giant branch, but the stellar mass loss and subsequent changing planetary orbit may allow the survival of the planet into the white dwarf phase of the stellar evolution. We discuss the implications of this outcome for similar systems and describe the consequences for planets that may lie within the habitable zone of the system.
Radio Emission and Electric Gaps in Pulsar Magnetospheres
Authors: Bransgrove Ashley , Beloborodov Andrei M. , Levin Yuri 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origin of pulsar radio emission is one of the old puzzles in theoretical astrophysics. In this Letter, we present a global kinetic plasma simulation that shows from first principles how and where radio emission can be produced in pulsar magnetospheres. We observe the self-consistent formation of electric gaps that periodically ignite electron-positron discharge. The gaps form above the polar cap and in the bulk return current. Discharge of the gaps excites electromagnetic modes, which share several features with the radio emission of real pulsars. We also observe the excitation of plasma waves and charge bunches by beam instabilities in the outer magnetosphere. Our numerical experiment demonstrates that global kinetic models can provide deep insight into the emission physics of pulsars and may help interpret their multiwavelength observations.
Global Hall MHD Simulations of the Solar Wind Implantation Flux on the Lunar Surface
Authors: Xie Lianghai , Li Lei , Wang Huizi , Tang Binbin , Wang Jindong , Zhang Yiteng , Shi Quanqi , Zhou Bin , Feng Yongyong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The solar wind can directly interact with the lunar surface and provide an important source for surface space weathering and water generation. Here we study the solar wind implantation flux on the lunar surface with global Hall MHD simulations. The shielding effects of both the Earth’s magnetosphere and lunar magnetic anomalies are considered. It is found that a large-scale lunar mini-magnetosphere can be caused by the solar wind interaction with the magnetic anomalies on the lunar far side, which causes a large shielding area on the surface. In addition, the Earth’s magnetosphere brings a longitudinal variation in the implantation flux, with minimum fluxes at 0° longitude. With the integrated flux over a lunation, we find that there are some local cavities on the implantation flux map, which are colocated with both the magnetic anomalies and the lunar swirls. Further studies show that there is a south–north asymmetry in the implantation flux, which can be used to explain the lower water content observed in the southern hemisphere. Our results provide a global map of the solar wind implantation flux on the lunar surface and are useful for evaluating the large-scale effect of solar wind implantation and sputtering on the space weathering and the water or gas generation of the surface.
The effect of sex ratio and group density on the mating success of two lines of Delia platura (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)
Authors: Bush-Beaupré Allen , Bélisle Marc , Fortier Anne-Marie , Fournier François , Savage Jade 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), is reported as a polyphagous pest species found in numerous crops, including onion, corn, crucifers, and soy. Two morphologically identical genetic lines of D. platura (H- and N-lines) with distinct distribution ranges were recently discovered. Although many biological traits have been described for D. platura, no study to date has been conducted on the life history strategies and reproductive behaviours of its two lines. Using laboratory-reared colonies, this project investigates the effect of group composition (sex ratio and density) on the mating success and preoviposition period of the two D. platura lines. We found a substantial increase in mating success with increasing proportion of males within mating groups for both lines, whereas we found group density had negligible effects. However, the H-line had a lower average mating probability across treatments compared to the N-line. The preoviposition period decreased as the ratio of males to female increased at low density only for the N-line, and the opposite trend was observed at high density for both lines. These results suggest differences between the mating systems of these two lines, thereby highlighting the need for further research into the factors that influence their respective mating systems.