bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of transcriptomic features reveals molecular endotypes of SLE with clinical implications
Authors: Hubbard Erika L. , Bachali Prathyusha , Kingsmore Kathryn M. , He Yisha , Catalina Michelle D. , Grammer Amrie C. , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to be clinically heterogeneous. Previous efforts to characterize subsets of SLE patients based on gene expression analysis have not been reproduced because of small sample sizes or technical problems. The aim of this study was to develop a robust patient stratification system using gene expression profiling to characterize individual lupus patients.

Methods
We employed gene set variation analysis (GSVA) of informative gene modules to identify molecular endotypes of SLE patients, machine learning (ML) to classify individual patients into molecular subsets, and logistic regression to develop a composite metric estimating the scope of immunologic perturbations. SHapley Additive ExPlanations (SHAP) revealed the impact of specific features on patient sub-setting.

Results
Using five datasets comprising 2183 patients, eight SLE endotypes were identified. Expanded analysis of 3166 samples in 17 datasets revealed that each endotype had unique gene enrichment patterns, but not all endotypes were observed in all datasets. ML algorithms trained on 2183 patients and tested on 983 patients not used to develop the model demonstrated effective classification into one of eight endotypes. SHAP indicated a unique array of features influential in sorting individual samples into each of the endotypes. A composite molecular score was calculated for each patient and significantly correlated with standard laboratory measures. Significant differences in clinical characteristics were associated with different endotypes, with those with the least perturbed transcriptional profile manifesting lower disease severity. The more abnormal endotypes were significantly more likely to experience a severe flare over the subsequent 52 weeks while on standard-of-care medication and specific endotypes were more likely to be clinical responders to the investigational product tested in one clinical trial analyzed (tabalumab).

Conclusions
Transcriptomic profiling and ML reproducibly separated lupus patients into molecular endotypes with significant differences in clinical features, outcomes, and responsiveness to therapy. Our classification approach using a composite scoring system based on underlying molecular abnormalities has both staging and prognostic relevance.
Comprehensive analysis of serum exosome-derived lncRNAs and mRNAs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Xue Li , Wang Biao , Li Xueyi , Zhu Jianhong , Wang Wei , Huang Fang , Wang Xiaofei , Jin Yaofeng , Xiong Chaoliang , Tao Li , Xu Ke , Wang Jing , Guo Ying , Xu Jing , Yang Xin , Wang Na , Gao Ning , Wang Yan , Li Ke , Li Ming , Geng Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Serum exosomes play important roles in intercellular communication and are promising biomarkers of several autoimmune diseases. However, the biological functions and potential clinical importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs from serum exosomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not yet been studied.

Methods
Serum exosomal lncRNAs and mRNAs were isolated from patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy controls. The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and mRNA profiles in the serum exosomes of patients with RA were analysed using high-throughput sequencing, and their functions were predicted using Gene Ontologyenrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and gene set enrichment analysis. We constructed a DE-lncRNA-mRNA network and a protein–protein interaction network of differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) in RA using the Cytoscape software. The expression of several candidate a DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs in the serum of patients with RA, patients with OA, and healthy controls was confirmed by qRT-PCR. We assessed the diagnostic ability of DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs in patients with RA using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Furthermore, we analysed the characteristics of immune cell infiltration in RA by digital cytometry using the CIBERSORT algorithm and determined the correlation between immune cells and several DE-lncRNAs or DE-mRNAs in RA.

Results
The profiles of serum exosomal lncRNAs and mRNAs in patients with RA were different from those in healthy controls and patients with OA. The functions of both DE-lncRNAs and DE-mRNAs in RA are associated with the immune response and cellular metabolic processes. The RT-PCR results show that NONHSAT193357.1, CCL5, and MPIG6B were downregulated in patients with RA. The combination of three DE-mRNAs, CCL5, MPIG6B, and PFKP, had an area under the curve of 0.845 for differentiating RA from OA. Digital cytometry using the CIBERSORT algorithm showed that the neutrophil counts were higher in patients with RA than those in healthy controls and patients with OA.

Conclusions
These findings help to elucidate the role of serum exosomal lncRNAs and mRNAs in the specific mechanisms underlying RA.
Diabetes related phenotypes and their influence on outcomes of patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Alves Lais Isidoro , Bosco Adriana Aparecida , Rosa Adriana Aparecida , Correia Marcia Regina Soares , Matioli Sergio Russo , da Silva Maria Elizabeth Rossi ,   HCFMUSP COVID-19 Study Group, Barros-Filho Tarcisio E.P. , Utiyama Edivaldo M. , Segurado Aluisio C. , Perondi Beatriz , Montal Amanda C. , Harima Leila , Fusco Solange R.G. , Silva Marjorie F , Rocha Marcelo C. , Rios Izabel Cristina , Kawano Fabiane Yumi Ogihara , Jesus Maria Amélia de , Kallas Esper , Francisco Maria Cristina Peres Braido , Carmo Carolina Mendes do , Tanaka Clarice , Oliveira Maura Salaroli , Guimarães Thaís , Lázari Carolina dos Santos , Magri Marcello M.C. , Marchini Julio F.M. , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Sabino Ester C. , Costa Silvia Figueiredo , Morais Anna Miethke , Souza Heraldo Possolo de , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Ferreira Juliana Carvalho , Levin Anna Sara Shafferman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with severe forms of COVID-19 but little is known about the diabetes—related phenotype considering pre-admission, on-admission and data covering the entire hospitalization period.

Methods
We analyzed COVID-19 inpatients (n = 3327) aged 61.2(48.2–71.4) years attended from March to September 2020 in a public hospital.

Results
DM group (n = 1218) differed from Non-DM group (n = 2109) by higher age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure and lower O2 saturation on admission. Gender, ethnicity and COVID-19-related symptoms were similar. Glucose and several markers of inflammation, tissue injury and organ dysfunction were higher among patients with diabetes: troponin, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate, brain natriuretic peptide, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium but lower albumin levels. Hospital (12 × 11 days) and intensive care unit permanence (10 × 9 days) were similar but DM group needed more vasoactive, anticoagulant and anti-platelet drugs, oxygen therapy, endotracheal intubation and dialysis. Lethality was higher in patients with diabetes (39.3% × 30.7%) and increased with glucose levels and age, in male sex and with BMI < 30 kg/m2 in both groups (obesity paradox). It was lower with previous treatment with ACEi/BRA in both groups. Ethnicity and education level did not result in different outcomes between groups. Higher frequency of comorbidities (hypertension, cardiovascular/renal disease, stroke), of inflammatory (higher leucocyte number, RCP, LDH, troponin) and renal markers (urea, creatinine, potassium levels and lower sodium, magnesium) differentiated lethality risk between patients with and without diabetes.

Conclusions
Comorbidities, inflammatory markers and renal disfunction but not Covid-19-related symptoms, obesity, ethnicity and education level differentiated lethality risk between patients with and without diabetes.
Fixed point theorems for enriched Kannan mappings in CAT(0) spaces
Authors: Inuwa A. Y. , Kumam P. , Chaipunya P. , Salisu S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present enriched Kannan and enriched Bianchini mappings in the framework of unique geodesic spaces. For such mappings, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point in the setting of CAT(0) spaces and show that an appropriate Krasnoselskij scheme converges with certain rate to the fixed point. We proved some inclusion relations between enriched Kannan mapping and some applicable mappings such as strongly demicontractive mapping. Finally, we give an example in a nonlinear CAT(0) space and perform numerical experiments to support the theoretical results.
A case of internal hernia in the pararectal fossa
Authors: Matsuishi Kozue , Saito Seiya , Ohuchi Mayuko , Kiyozumi Yuki , Nasu Jiro , Hanada Norihisa , Baba Hideo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Internal hernias are relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. Diagnostic delays lead to the progression of strangulation. In particular, pararectal fossa hernias are extremely rare. We encountered a case in which internal hernia occurred in the pararectal fossa.

Case presentation
An 87-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of persistent lower abdominal pain and vomiting. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed findings of intestinal ischemia, such as closed loop formation with reduced contrast effect on the left side of the rectum in the pelvis. Strangulation small bowel obstruction was diagnosed, and emergency laparotomy was performed. The small intestine was found to invade the peritoneal reflection on the left side of the rectum. The patient was finally diagnosed with pararectal fossa hernia. The incarcerated small intestine was released with no bowel resection. The 4-cm hernia phylum was observed and closed by simple suture. The patient had a good postoperative course without recurrence.

Conclusions
We encountered a very rare case of internal hernia in the left pararectal fossa. Preoperative diagnosis of this disease is difficult, but it should nevertheless be considered in cases in which the cause of the intestinal obstruction is unknown.
Commissure leaflet prolapse closely mimics anterior mitral leaflet perforation in 2-D image of transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Miyata Kazuto , Shigematsu Sayaka , Miyayama Naoki 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Precise diagnosis of mitral valve regurgitation is challenging, particularly for distinguishing between commissure leaflet prolapse and anterior leaflet perforation, based exclusively on 2-dimensional (2-D) imaging by transesophageal echocardiography.

Case 1
Two mitral regurgitation jets suggesting anterior leaflet perforation, but no regurgitation orifices, were observed in the mid esophageal (ME) 4-chamber view. Multiple 2-D and 3-dimensional (3-D) images revealed prolapse of the anterior (A3) leaflet and posterior commissure, not anterior leaflet perforation.

Case 2
A regurgitation jet suggesting an anterior leaflet prolapse with a regurgitation orifice was observed in ME long-axis view. Multiple 2-D and 3-D images showed only anterior commissure prolapse, but no signs of anterior leaflet perforation.

Conclusions
A regurgitant jet caused by commissure leaflet prolapse closely resembles anterior leaflet perforation in 2-D imaging. Careful evaluation of multiple 2-D and 3-D images, as well as of the regurgitation orifices, is crucially important for making an accurate diagnosis.
Fully automated radiolabeling of [68Ga]Ga-EMP100 targeting c-MET for PET-CT clinical imaging
Authors: Rusu Timofei , Delion Matthieu , Pirot Charlotte , Blin Amaury , Rodenas Anita , Talbot Jean-Noël , Veran Nicolas , Portal Christophe , Montravers Françoise , Cadranel Jacques , Prignon Aurélie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
c-MET is a transmembrane receptor involved in many biological processes and contributes to cell proliferation and migration during cancer invasion process. Its expression is measured by immunehistochemistry on tissue biopsy in clinic, although this technique has its limitations. PET-CT could allow in vivo mapping of lesions expressing c-MET, providing whole-body detection. A number of radiopharmaceuticals are under development for this purpose but are not yet in routine clinical use. EMP100 is a cyclic oligopeptide bound to a DOTA chelator, with nanomolar affinity for c-MET. The aim of this project was to develop an automated method for radiolabelling the radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-EMP100.

Results
The main results showed an optimal pH range between 3.25 and 3.75 for the complexation reaction and a stabilisation of the temperature at 90 °C, resulting in an almost complete incorporation of gallium-68 after 10 min of heating. In these experiments, 90 µg of EMP-100 peptide were initially used and then lower amounts (30, 50, 75 µg) were explored to determine the minimum required for sufficient synthesis yield. Radiolysis impurities were identified by radio-HPLC and ascorbic acid and ethanol were used to improve the purity of the compound. Three batches of [68Ga]Ga-EMP100 were then prepared according to the optimised parameters and all met the established specifications. Finally, the stability of [68Ga]Ga-EMP100 was assessed at room temperature over 3 h with satisfactory results in terms of appearance, pH, radiochemical purity and sterility.

Conclusions
For the automated synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-EMP100, the parameters of pH, temperature, precursor peptide content and the use of adjuvants for impurity management were efficiently optimised, resulting in the production of three compliant and stable batches according to the principles of good manufacturing practice. [68Ga]Ga-EMP100 was successfully synthesised and is now available for clinical development in PET-CT imaging.
Suppression strategy for the inrush current of a solid-state transformer caused by the reclosing process
Authors: Xie Weijie , Xiao Fan , Tu Chunming , Zheng Yuting , Peng Zihao , Guo Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe automatic reclosing strategy is an effective measure to improve the reliability of a distribution network. It can quickly clear instantaneous faults in the grid. The traditional transformer has proven to be reliable and robust during the reclosing process. However, the influence of the reclosing process on the operational characteristics and reliability of solid-state transformers (SST) is still unclear. The reclosing action may generate a huge inrush current, resulting in shutdown and even damage of the SST. To address this problem, this paper proposes an inrush current suppression strategy. First, the operational performance of the SST under a reclosing process is discussed, and the inrush current generation mechanism is analyzed in detail. Then, considering the controllability of distributed generation (DG), a novel DG-supported inrush current suppression strategy is proposed. The suppression ability of the DG on inrush current in different initial conditions is analyzed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation and experiment. These show that the proposed strategy can help to enhance the FRT capability of the SST, as well as support the SST to maintain continuous power supply and physical integrity during grid faults.
Analysis of 27 Y-chromosomal STR loci of the Mestizo Peruvian population
Authors: Neyra-Rivera Carlos David , Ramos Edgardo Delgado , Ingunza Ericson Gutierrez , Budowle Bruce 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Y-chromosome-specific short tandem repeat markers reside on the non-recombinant portion of the Y chromosome and are paternally inherited. These properties make Y-STRs a useful tool in investigations of sexual assault and other violent crimes, paternity cases, genealogical testing, and evolutionary studies. Native populations reside in the Peruvian coast, mountains, and jungle; however, the Mestizos are the largest population group in Peru.

Results
Of the 290 samples, 283 distinct haplotypes were observed. Gene diversities for each Y-STR marker ranged from 0.4271 to 0.8597. The haplotype diversity for the total sample was 0.9964.

Conclusions
Genetic affinity was identified between the Peruvian Mestizo population and other Peruvian populations (except Jivaro, Awajun, and Shipibo-Conibo populations) and Bolivian Mestizo populations using multidimensional scaling and phylogenetic tree analysis
FAM72D in plasma cell myeloma: a friend or enemy
Authors: Ahmed Riham Ahmed Ramadan , Fayek Manal Hashem Ahmed , Eissa Doaa Ahmed Gamal , Moussa Mohammed Mahmoud , Hassan Noha Bassiouny , Salem Dalia Diaa ElDine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Plasma cell neoplasm is characterized by complex genetic and prognostic heterogeneity. FAM72D, a gene located on chromosome 1, and the association between its expression and tumor progression and prognosis remain elusive.

Methods
The present study aims to assess FAM72D mRNA expression in 60 PCM patients and correlate its expression level with clinical and laboratory markers involved in diagnosing and prognosis of PCM using real-time PCR.

Results
Unpaired t-test revealed a significantly higher FAM72D expression level in the patients than in the control group with a median of 0.890 vs. /0.030, respectively, and p value = 0.000. The highest median level was denoted in newly diagnosed or relapsed patients (1.905, p value = 0.000). A significant positive correlation was found between FAM72D expression level and each of BMPCs count, M band, and β2 microglobulin (p = 0.000, p = 0.002, p = 0.024, respectively), and negative correlations with both serum albumin and hemoglobin level (p = 0.000, p = 0.035, respectively). The risk of relapse was 18.3-fold when the FAM72D level was greater than 1.547.

Conclusion
The higher FAM72D expression level in newly diagnosed and relapsed myeloma patients and its positive correlation with BMPCs confirm the stimulating effect of FAM72D on myeloma cell proliferation and its poor prognosis.
Characterization and optimization of clove oil-loaded nanomicelles for the possible topical use of bacterial infection-led atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mustafa Gulam , Almohsen Rand Abdullah , Alotaibi Munira Motlaq , Alotaibi Mohammed Majed , Alotaibi Ruaa Majed , El Kirdasy Ahmed Farag , Khan Farhan R. , Alharthi Nahed S. , Binshaya Abdulkarim S. , Alotaibi Faisal , Ansari Md Salahuddin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Atopic dermatitis is an abnormal skin condition that impacts a significant number of people in the US, with an estimated 9.6 million children and 16.5 million adults being affected by it. The study aimed to characterize and optimize clove oil-based nanomicelles for the possible topical use of bacterial infection-led atopic dermatitis. Clove oil-loaded nanomicelles were produced and carefully analyzed for vesicle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphological attributes, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, stability, dermatokinetic parameters, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging behavior and antibacterial activity. Different models, such as Korsmeyer, Higuchi, first order, and zero order were employed to evaluate the in vitro release from the formulations.

Results
The average size of the clove oil nanomicelles was found to be 100.15 nm with a PDI of 0.2104; they were observed to be darker against a light background. The evaluated mean zeta size was 121.3 nm, the zeta potential was − 15.31 mV. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of the formulation was 61.32 ± 0.98 μg/mL; clove oil was 73.56 ± 1.63 μg/mL, against ascorbic acid was 54.51 ± 0.79 μg/mL. Among the four models tested for in vitro release kinetics, the Korsmeyer Peppas model was followed by the nanomicelles formulation. Clove oil nanomicelles generated a higher concentration of 148.68 w/v on the skin epidermis within 1.5 h, whereas the conventional formulation exhibited 55.287 w/v. Moreover, clove oil nanomicelles generated a higher concentration of 125.84 µg/mL on the skin's dermis within 2 h, whereas the conventional formulation produced 68.263 µg/mL. The nanomicelles also inhibited bacterial growth within a 24-h period.

Conclusions
The study presents initial evidence regarding the potency of clove oil-based nanomicelles and their enhanced efficiency on the skin. Thus, the prepared formulation can further be studied and incorporated for the possible use against bacterial infection-led atopic dermatitis.

Graphical abstract
Nanoengineered approaches to improve the efficacy of targeted drug delivery for the treatment of malignancy: a comprehensive review
Authors: Bag Jagabandhu , Banerjee Sabyasachi , De Arnab , Manna Sreejan , Banerjee Subhasis , Kumar S. K. Ashok , De Sourav 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The second leading cause of mortality in the world, behind cardiovascular disorders, is cancer. The currently employed treatment options including radiotherapy, chemotherapy are reported with many adverse reactions. These limitations in combination with high cost of therapy have restricted the management of malignancy. In this review, several nanocarriers-based approaches were described as effective treatment option of malignancy.

The main body of the abstract
The development of innovative and effective targeted therapies for malignancy relies on alterations in the molecular biology of cancerous cells. Given the nonselective destruction of healthy cells, the harmful effects of existing chemotherapy drugs, and the development of multidrug resistance, has thrived the development of novel carriers for improved targeting efficacy of anticancer drugs. The present study offers a comprehensive account of diverse cytotoxic drug carriers, such as carbon nanotubes, liposomes, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and polymeric conjugates, in the context of passive and active targeted cancer therapy. The carriers are known to enhance the permeability and retention or functionalize the surface, thereby improving the efficacy of drug delivery.

Short conclusion
The present literature delineates the progressions made in the nanoengineered approach for administering therapeutic agents to the tumour micro-environment.

Graphical Abstract