bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring infant and young child‐feeding practices among mothers of well‐nourished children in northern Ghana: An INPreP substudy
Authors: Dambayi Edith , Nakua Emmanuel , Aborigo Raymond A. , Chatio Samuel T. , Dalaba Maxwell A. , Sekwo Enos , Adoctor James K. , Ofosu Winfred , Oduro Abraham R. , Nonterah Engelbert A. ,   the INPreP Study Team
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigated infant and young child‐feeding (IYCF) practices among mothers of well‐nourished children in northern Ghana. This was a qualitative study where in‐depth individual interviews were conducted with participants. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and QSR Nvivo software version 11 was used to organize the data before thematic analysis. It was observed that mothers of well‐nourished children were likely to adhere to breastfeeding guidelines and also practice appropriate complementary feeding. Furthermore, these mothers mostly had some form of support from their husbands and mother‐in‐laws in feeding their infants. While adoption and adherence to appropriate IYCF practices contribute to improved nutrition outcomes in children, social support systems are needed to sustain the practice.
Biomedical Big Data Technologies, Applications, and Challenges for Precision Medicine: A Review
Authors: Yang Xue , Huang Kexin , Yang Dewei , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe explosive growth of biomedical Big Data presents both significant opportunities and challenges in the realm of knowledge discovery and translational applications within precision medicine. Efficient management, analysis, and interpretation of big data can pave the way for groundbreaking advancements in precision medicine. However, the unprecedented strides in the automated collection of large‐scale molecular and clinical data have also introduced formidable challenges in terms of data analysis and interpretation, necessitating the development of novel computational approaches. Some potential challenges include the curse of dimensionality, data heterogeneity, missing data, class imbalance, and scalability issues. This overview article focuses on the recent progress and breakthroughs in the application of big data within precision medicine. Key aspects are summarized, including content, data sources, technologies, tools, challenges, and existing gaps. Nine fields—Datawarehouse and data management, electronic medical record, biomedical imaging informatics, Artificial intelligence‐aided surgical design and surgery optimization, omics data, health monitoring data, knowledge graph, public health informatics, and security and privacy—are discussed.
Development of Photoredox‐Assisted Direct α‐Alkylation Reactions of Ketones with Arylalkenes Using a Catalytic Amount of LiOtBu as a Brønsted Base
Authors: Hirata Tsubasa , Hisada Tomoya , Ogasawara Yoshihiro , Kobayashi Shū , Yamashita Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhotoinduced direct α‐alkylation reactions of ketones with arylalkenes using an organophotocatalyst and a Brønsted base were developed. It was found that the choice of both Brønsted base and photocatalyst was crucial, and in the presence of catalytic amounts of 2,4,6‐tris(diphenylamino)‐3,5‐difluorobenzonitrile (3DPA2FBN) and LiOtBu, the desired reactions of ketones with styrene analogues proceeded smoothly under blue‐LED light irradiation to afford the products in moderate to high yields. This method constitutes an atom‐economical alkylation process for α‐functionalization of both cyclic and acyclic ketones.
Surface latent and sensible heat trigger flash drought events in India
Authors: Das Jew , Das Subhadarsini , Umamahesh N. V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe flash drought has gained widespread attention as a result of its rapid onset with severe impacts. However, a comprehensive assessment of different flash droughts based on various modulators is not carried out over India to date. Here, we attempt to answer the following research questions, (i) What is the status of different flash drought events due to soil moisture percentile drop (SMPD), standardized evaporative stress ratio (SESR), heat‐wave‐driven (HWD) and precipitation‐deficit‐driven (PDD) in India? (ii) How are these flash droughts distributed across India concerning occurrences, areal coverage, and persistence? (iii) What are the dominant factors that trigger different types of flash droughts? Lindeman, Merenda and Gold (LMG) method is used to examine the dominant factor. We find that PDD flash drought is noticed for the maximum time during 1959–2020. The SMPD flash drought occurrence is observed over northern parts of India. Mostly, Rabi and Zaid seasons experience the incidence of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought conditions. However, HWD flash drought in more than 50% of the states is prominent in the Kharif season. The areal coverage shows a decreasing trend in the cases of SMPD, SESR, and PDD flash drought events. However, HWD flash drought condition has shown an increasing trend. The maximum percentage of SMPD and SESR flash drought events persisted for three to six pentads and five to eight pentads after the onset, respectively. For HWD and PDD flash droughts, most of the events last only for one to two pentads. The sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are responsible for triggering the flash drought events over most of parts in India.
Resolvin D1 promotes the resolution of inflammation in the ACLF rat model by increasing the proportion of Treg cells
Authors: Chen Linjun , Huang Yixuan , Chen Yizhen , Chen Jiaxuan , You Xueye , Zou Laiyu , Chen Jiabing , Chen Zhixin , Wang Xiaozhong , Huang Yuehong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) causes organ system failures in patients and increases the risk of mortality. One of the main predictors of ACLF development in patients is the severity of systemic inflammation. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on the rat model of ACLF.MethodsThe ACLF rats were induced by first intraperitoneally (ip) injecting CCl4 and porcine serum for 6 weeks to establish the chronic liver injury, followed by once administration (ip) of lipopolysaccharide and
d‐galactose
d‐GalN to cause acute liver injury (ALI). An hour before the ALI‐induced treatment, rats were administrated (ip) with 0.9% saline or different doses of RvD1 (0.3 or 1 µg/kg). Afterward, the control and treated rats were killed and samples were collected. Biochemical analysis, hematoxylin‐eosin and Sirius red staining, flow cytometry assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the rat liver histopathological injury, the percentage of Treg cells in the spleen, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of transcription factors and immunologic cytokines in liver.ResultsThe necroinflammatory scores and the serum levels of transaminase significantly increased in ACLF rats compared with those in control rats. These impaired changes observed in ACLF rats could be attenuated by the administration of a low dose of RvD1 before the induction of ALI, which was associated with the increased proportion of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen together with the increased gene expression ratio of Foxp3/RORγt and decreased mRNA level of Il‐17a and Il‐6 in the liver.ConclusionA low dose of RvD1 can promote the resolution of inflammation in ACLF rats by increasing the proportion of Treg cells. RvD1, therefore, may be used as a potential drug for the treatment of patients with ACLF.
A new, simplified, drying protocol to prepare tardigrades for scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Camarda Daniele , Massa Edoardo , Guidetti Roberto , Lisi Oscar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA new protocol for preparation of tardigrades for scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis is proposed. The more conventional protocols require various steps and a long time to obtain good drying of water bears, together with specific and uncommon instruments (i.e., critical point dryer) or highly volatile toxic compounds (i.e., hexametildisilazane). The new protocol can be performed using few and simple instruments and materials, all easily accessible, and produces a high yield in terms of dried animals in excellent condition for the observation of external morphological structures with SEM. The acquired data exhibit considerable promise, and the proposed methodology shows potential for application to other meiofaunal groups, including small arthropods, nematodes, and rotifers.Research Highlights
Cheap, safe, and fast new method for Tardigrada preparation for SEM.
With the new protocol, the number of animals required for SEM studies is minimized.
New protocol is potentially applicable to the study of other meiofaunal soft‐bodied taxa.
Unveiling the immunogenomic landscape of cholangiocarcinoma: Identifying new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets based on CCL5 expression
Authors: Wang Jing , Xiang Dan , Dai Zhe , Zhu Jialong , Du Yuanyang , Fu Gongbo , Chu Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) stands as an aggressive malignancy of the biliary tract. The interplay between the tumor and immune system plays a pivotal role in disease progression and treatment outcomes. Hence, the present study aimed to extensively explore the immunogenomic landscape of CCA, with the objective of unveiling unique molecular and immunological signatures that could guide personalized therapeutic approaches.MethodsThe study collected data from The Cancer Genome Atlas databases, performed gene set variation analysis for the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) high/low expression group, conducted principal component analysis, gene set enrichment analysis enrichment and mutation pattern analysis, generated a heatmap, and performed cox regression analysis.ResultsThe two discrete subpopulations were found to exhibit contrasting mutational and immunogenomic characteristics, emphasizing the heterogeneity of CCA. These subsets also showed pronounced discrepancies in the infiltration of immune cells, indicating diverse interactions with the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, the dissimilarities in mutational patterns were observed within the two CCA subgroups, with PBRM1 and BAP1 emerging as the most frequently mutated genes. In addition, a prognostic framework was formulated and validated utilizing the expression profiles of COX16 and RSAD2 genes, effectively segregating patients into high‐risk and low‐risk cohorts. Furthermore, the connections between immune‐related parameters and these risk groups were identified, underscoring the potential significance of the immune microenvironment in patient prognosis. In vitro experiments have shown that COX16 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of CCA cells, whereas RSAD2 inhibits it.ConclusionsThe present study provides an intricate depiction of the immunogenomic landscape of CCA based on CCL5 expression, thereby paving the way for novel immunotherapy strategies and prognostic assessment.
Pharmacogenomic evaluation of CYP2C19 alleles linking low clopidogrel response and the risk of acute coronary syndrome in Indians
Authors: Bhat Keshavamurthy Ganapathy , Pillai Ratheesh Kumar Janardhana , Lodhi Heemanshu , Guleria Vivek Singh , Abbot Anil Kumar , Gupta Love , Rastogi Garima , Sharma Anuka , Mohammed Zafar , Sharma Varun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundClopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug widely prescribed to prevent atherothrombotic events in coronary artery disease patients. However, there is evidence to suggest that the effectiveness of clopidogrel varies owing to genetic diversity in CYP2C19. This heterogeneity in South Asians, who are also known to have high risk of cardiac events than other population groups, highlights the importance of investigating CYP2C19 variants to estimate the risk proportion in the groups.MethodsGiven the high prevalence and genetic heterogeneity, the population‐based case control was conducted in a cohort of 1191 subjects comprising 645 acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases (unstable angina, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, and non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction) and 546 healthy controls of South Asian Indian origin. The metabolization status of CYP2C19 was assessed using *2, *3 and *17 variants in the stated cohorts to determine the prevalence of metabolization and its association with phenotypes.ResultsThe results suggest a possible genetic association between studied CYP2C19 polymorphisms and ACS, since there was a higher proportion of intermediate and poor metabolizers present in the studied cohorts. The association analyses revealed that the *2 allele of CYP2C19 confers a significant risk for ACS, while the *17 allele provides protection.ConclusionsThese findings contribute to the understanding of CYP2C19 genetic variants and their impact on clopidogrel response in South Asian Indians. Additionally, they underline the significance of assessing CYP2C19 variations in patients receiving clopidogrel therapy in order to improve therapeutic outcomes.
Induced subgraphs and tree decompositions V. one neighbor in a hole
Authors: Abrishami Tara , Alecu Bogdan , Chudnovsky Maria , Hajebi Sepehr , Spirkl Sophie , Vušković Kristina 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat are the unavoidable induced subgraphs of graphs with large treewidth? It is well‐known that the answer must include a complete graph, a complete bipartite graph, all subdivisions of a wall and line graphs of all subdivisions of a wall (we refer to these graphs as the “basic treewidth obstructions”). So it is natural to ask whether graphs excluding the basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth. Sintiari and Trotignon answered this question in the negative. Their counterexamples, the so‐called “layered wheels,” contain wheels, where a wheel consists of a hole (i.e., an induced cycle of length at least four) along with a vertex with at least three neighbors in the hole. This leads one to ask whether graphs excluding wheels and the basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth. This also turns out to be false due to Davies' recent example of graphs with large treewidth, no wheels and no basic treewidth obstructions as induced subgraphs. However, in Davies' example there exist holes and vertices (outside of the hole) with two neighbors in them. Here we prove that a hole with a vertex with at least two neighbors in it is inevitable in graphs with large treewidth and no basic obstruction. Our main result is that graphs in which every vertex has at most one neighbor in every hole (that does not contain it) and with the basic treewidth obstructions excluded as induced subgraphs have bounded treewidth.
Giving coins for free: Does digital outsourcing of technical and advisory support influence the success of initial coin offerings (ICOs)?
Authors: Pierrakis Yannis , Bhimireddy Nishanth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInitial coin offerings (ICOs) have emerged as a novel mechanism for financing entrepreneurial ventures. This relatively new application of blockchain technology allows a venture to raise money directly from the crowd by creating and selling its own coin or utility token in exchange for future use of this coin to purchase the services and products the venture is aiming to create. During the ICO ventures often use digital technologies to outsource services and build social capital. Despite the explosive growth of ICOs, little is known about the impact of these outsourcing strategies on the ICOs fundraising outcome. This paper presents explanatory research to better understand the role and potential impact of ICO strategies in outsourcing technical and advisory services by offering coins for free. More particularly, using data from 2081 ventures that sought to raise an ICO over the period 2016–2018, we examined the extent to which ventures can influence the likelihood of ICO success by adopting strategies aimed at outsourcing services and building social capital, namely by providing free coins to outsource expertise and by adapting social media campaigns. Findings suggest that although the use of professional social media platforms is associated with both ICO success and a higher level of fundraising, over‐generous outsourcing strategies had a negative impact on the ICO's likelihood to succeed.
A novel anthocyanin indicator film with rosmarinic acid copigmentation having enhanced stability and pH indicator ability for monitoring pork freshness
Authors: Lu Min , Cai Ying , Chen Xiaoe , Wang Yangguang , Yuan Gaofeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnthocyanin‐based pH‐sensing films have been widely fabricated for potential application in monitoring food freshness. However, the color fading of anthocyanins limits their application for the food industry due to their low stability. In addition, the color sensitivity and pH indicator ability of anthocyanin‐based films currently available are not satisfied and need to be improved.RESULTSChitosan/xanthan gum (CX)‐based colorimetric films with addition of purple cabbage anthocyanin (PAN) and different amounts of rosmarinic acid (RA) were fabricated. RA copigmentation in chitosan/xanthan gum–purple cabbage anthocyanin–rosmarinic acid (CX‐P‐RA) films significantly improved the stability and pH response sensitivity of PAN, and the combined copigmentation of RA and xanthan gum exhibited an additive effect. The addition of RA significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break, thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of CX‐P‐RA films. Moreover, addition of RA enhanced the pH sensitivity and colorimetry of CX‐P‐RA films, which exhibited a good response to different pH values. CX‐P‐RA2 film was tested to monitor the freshness of pork. It showed visible color changes during the storage of pork. In addition, the ∆E of CX‐P‐RA2 film was highly correlated with changes in total volatile basic nitrogen in pork (R2 = 0.951).CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that CX‐P‐RA2 film can be used as a pH‐sensing indicator with good stability and high sensitivity for real‐time monitoring of pork freshness. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Higher temperature, increased CO2, and changing nutrient ratios alter the carbon metabolism and induce oxidative stress in a cosmopolitan diatom
Authors: Moreno Hugo Duarte , Rokitta Sebastian , Tremblay Nelly , Boersma Maarten , Groß Elisabeth , Klip Helena C. L. , Wiltshire Karen H. , Meunier Cédric L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPhytoplankton are responsible for about 90% of the oceanic primary production, largely supporting marine food webs, and actively contributing to the biogeochemical cycling of carbon. Yet, increasing temperature and pCO2, along with higher dissolved nitrogen: phosphorus ratios in coastal waters are likely to impact phytoplankton physiology, especially in terms of photosynthetic rate, respiration, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) production. Here, we conducted a full‐factorial experiment to identify the individual and combined effects of temperature, pCO2, and N : P ratio on the antioxidant capacity and carbon metabolism of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Our results demonstrate that, among these three drivers, temperature is the most influential factor on the physiology of this species, with warming causing oxidative stress and lower activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate was higher under warmer conditions and higher pCO2, and, together with a lower dark respiration rate and higher DOC exudation, generated cells with lower carbon content. An enhanced oceanic CO2 uptake and an overall stimulated microbial loop benefiting from higher DOC exudation are potential longer‐term consequences of rising temperatures, elevated pCO2 as well as shifted dissolved N : P ratios.
Decellularized diseased tissues: current state‐of‐the‐art and future directions
Authors: Li Xiang , Shan Jianyang , Chen Xin , Cui Haomin , Wen Gen , Yu Yaling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDecellularized matrices derived from diseased tissues/organs have evolved in the most recent years, providing novel research perspectives for understanding disease occurrence and progression and providing accurate pseudo models for developing new disease treatments. Although decellularized matrix maintaining the native composition, ultrastructure, and biomechanical characteristics of extracellular matrix (ECM), alongside intact and perfusable vascular compartments, facilitates the construction of bioengineered organ explants in vitro and promotes angiogenesis and tissue/organ regeneration in vivo, the availability of healthy tissues and organs for the preparation of decellularized ECM materials is limited. In this paper, we review the research advancements in decellularized diseased matrices. Considering that current research focuses on the matrices derived from cancers and fibrotic organs (mainly fibrotic kidney, lungs, and liver), the pathological characterizations and the applications of these diseased matrices are mainly discussed. Additionally, a contrastive analysis between the decellularized diseased matrices and decellularized healthy matrices, along with the development in vitro 3D models, is discussed in this paper. And last, we have provided the challenges and future directions in this review. Deep and comprehensive research on decellularized diseased tissues and organs will promote in‐depth exploration of source materials in tissue engineering field, thus providing new ideas for clinical transformation.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist regulates fat browning by altering the gut microbiota and ceramide metabolism
Authors: Lin Ke , Dong Chunyan , Zhao Binyan , Zhou Bailing , Yang Li 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStudies have shown that antidiabetic drugs can alter the gut microbiota. The hypoglycemic effects of the drugs can be attributed in part to certain species in the gut microbiome that help the drugs work more effectively. In addition, increasing energy expenditure via the induction of adipose tissue browning has become an appealing strategy to treat obesity and associated metabolic complications. Currently, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) treatment for metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has been widely studied. To determine the mechanism of a long‐acting GLP‐1 RA affects adipose tissue browning and the gut microbiome, we treated high‐fat diet mice with GLP‐1 RA and demonstrated that the drug can regulate adipose tissue browning. 16S rRNA and untargeted metabolomics assays suggested that it increased the abundance of bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri and decreased serum ceramide levels in mice. L. reuteri was negatively correlated with ceramide. We found that the mechanism of ceramide decline was alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2) overexpression. Moreover, L. reuteri can play a therapeutic synergistic role with GLP‐1 RA, suggesting that gut microbiota can be used as a part of the treatment of diabetes.