bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Brand Patronage Dynamics in Retail Settings for Decorative Paints
Authors: Praveen Paul Jeyapaul  
Published: February 2025

Indian paints industry is one of the fastest growing industry and is estimated to grow to 12.22 billion USD five years from now. In this scenario, the support of paint retailers to manufacturers and an insight into factors influencing customer patronisation become important. The purpose of this study is to understand the retailers’ patronisation and perception on assortment of marketing factors that plays a major role in brand preference. Further, the factors influencing customer purchase of decorative paints from retailers’ perspective is also analysed. The study follows a descriptive research design. Primary data was collected using structured a questionnaire from 79 decorative paint retailers. IBM SPSS® 22 was used for data analysis. To characterize and summarize data, descriptive statistics were employed. Paired sample t test was used to find the gap between the expected and actual outcome of retailers on factors for a brand taken for study. Regression analysis is used to find out relationship between the overall willingness of retailers with factors considered in the study. It was found that there is a significant gap in the opinion of decorative paint retailers between the expected and actual outcome on most of the factors. The outcome of the research suggests that brand reputation of paint brans play a significant role in the choice of paint brands stocked by retailers and paint brands demanded by customers. Price of a paint brand is given the least importance while a purchase decision is made.
PLANT COMMUNITIES DISTURBED BY INVASIVE SPECIES ON THE PĂPĂDIA ISLAND IN THE DANUBE BASIN
Authors: NICULESCU Mariana , NUȚĂ Ilie Silvestru 
Published: February 2025

The territory under study is is represented by Papadia Island in the Danube Basin. This island located near the town of Dăbuleni is characterized by a very rich flora and fauna and an extremely valuable biodiversity from a conservation point of view. Invasive species have a negative impact on forest, grassland, and agricultural ecosystems around the world, sometimes associating and forming segetal or ruderal plant communities. Exotic species compete with native species and threaten ecosystem stability. The studies on alien species are of particular interest today to protect natural habitats and reduce or eliminate ecological and economic damage. Invasive species are one of the most serious threats to biodiversity. The paper presents the results obtained from the studies carried out regarding the plant communities whose structure is disturbed by the increase in the number of invasive species, as well as their density on the Păpădia Island in the Danube basin. In this region, the intensive abiotic activity, but not only that, has brought about the invasion of allochtone (invasive alien) species plants in the natural and semi-natural degraded ecosystems, especially in alluvial forest habitats. The species has been found in the following în mai multe types de comunități vegetale.
Cloned buffalo bulls and their somatic cell donor bulls exhibit similar in-vitro embryo production efficienc
Authors: Gupta Tanya , Tripathi Gaurav , Gupta Sonal , Selokar Naresh L. , Singh Manoj Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has emerged as a valuable assisted reproductive technology for faster multiplication of animals. This helps to preserve the valuable superior germplasm. The cloning of superior sires and their use in breeding programs helps rapidly disseminate superior genetics in animal populations. However, questions remain regarding cloned bulls’ fertility status compared to their somatic cell donor bulls, especially in buffaloes. We studied the semen kinetic parameters and in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate of frozen-thawed cloned bulls’ semen (n=2) compared to those of somatic cell donor bulls’ semen (n=2). The kinematics were studied using a Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA; IVOS II, IMV, France). Semen from cloned bulls vs. donor bulls showed progressive motility with distance average path (17.70 ± 0.835 vs. 18.72 ± 0.53 μm), distance curvilinear (28.30 ± 2.85 vs. 31.61 ± 1.71 μm), distance straight line (15.89 ± 0.56 vs. 16.36 ± 0.20 μm), velocity average path (74.84 ± 7.23 vs 69.59 ± 9.96 μm/s), velocity curvilinear (113.77 ± 15.28 vs 113.49 ± 16.94 μm/s), and velocity straight line (66.71 ± 6.01 vs. 61.94 ± 9.13 μm/s). This suggested that the kinematic parameters of cloned bull semen were not significantly different (p<0.05) from those of the somatic cell donor bull semen. Furthermore, cloned and donor bull semen was used for IVF to assess the blastocyst production rate. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h in a humidified CO2 incubator (5% CO2 in air; RH>95%) at 38.5°C. After 24 h, mature oocytes were co-incubated with processed semen in the fertilization Bracket and Oliphant (BO) medium for 18 h. The presumptive zygotes were cultured in Research Vitro Cleavage medium (RVCL; Cook, Australia) for up to 8 days. The cleavage and blastocyst rates for cloned bulls, 68.72 ± 0.72% and 14.11 ± 1.89%, respectively, did not differ significantly (p<0.05) from those of the donor bulls, i.e., 67.44 ±0.16% and 13.96 ± 1.24%, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of pluripotency-related genes (OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) was similar in blastocysts produced in both experimental groups. Thus, the semen characteristics and in vitro embryo production rate of cloned bulls are like those of their somatic cell donor bulls. This preliminary study suggests that farmers can use semen from cloned bulls for Artificial Insemination programs and other ART procedures.
Disparity Between Perceived and Actual Opioid Prescriptions by Orthopaedic Surgeons After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Bridges Tiffany N. , Lazaro Johnlevi S. , Clancy Dillon , Ford Elizabeth , Pontes Manuel , McMillan Sean 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Healthcare institutions have sought to standardize opioid prescribing after elective total joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was (1) to compare opioid prescriptions at discharge with perceived opioid prescribing patterns and (2) to determine the relationship between preoperative adjunctive treatments and opioids prescribed at discharge.

Methods:
All surgeons who performed total joint arthroplasty of the shoulder, hip, or knee from January 1, 2021, to October 4, 2023, at a single academic institution were included. Surgeons completed a survey assessing perceived opioid prescriptions at discharge and perioperative pain protocols. Actual prescriptions were captured using our institutional opioid database. All opioid prescriptions were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs).

Results:
Orthopaedic surgeons prescribed on average 594.2 MMEs more than they perceived as their postoperative protocol. They prescribed an additional 60.9 MMEs for every 10 MMEs that they perceived they were prescribing. Patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine were prescribed on average 597 fewer MMEs and had fewer opioid prescriptions (P < 0.001). Genicular nerve blocks and cryoneurolysis were associated with fewer prescribed MMEs (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Orthopaedic surgeons prescribe substantially more opioids than intended. This study underscores the need for standardized opioid prescribing practices and the potential of adjunctive treatments in reducing opioid prescribing.
Effect of Antifibrotic Medications on Development of Postoperative Adhesive Capsulitis and Need for Manipulation Under Anesthesia Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Serotte Jordan Cook , Lee Cody , Reddy Sai , Shi Lewis , Maassen Nicholas H. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The local inflammatory response after total shoulder arthroplasty leads to increased scar formation and, potentially, adhesive capsulitis. Recent research has evaluated the use of antifibrotic medications to decrease rates of postoperative adhesive capsulitis (AC).

Methods:
PearlDiver database was used to analyze patients from 2010 to 2022 who underwent total shoulder arthroplasty, identified by Common Procedural Terminology codes. Medication usage was determined using National Drug Codes. Patients who developed ipsilateral AC within 6 months after surgery or underwent a manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) within 12 months of diagnosis of AC were identified. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate patient characteristics and drug class usage that increased odds for postoperative AC within 12 months and for MUA within 6 months of diagnosis of AC.

Results:
Overall, 1.3% (993/79,010) of patients developed postoperative AC within 6 months of surgery. Of those who developed AC, 7.2% (71/993) underwent MUA within 12 months of diagnosis. Medication use with any of the drug classes had no markedly decreased odds for the development of AC or subsequent MUA. Male sex, increasing age, and diagnosis of depression all markedly decreased the odds of developing AC ((odds ratio) OR = 0.42, P = 0.001; OR = 0.95, P < 0.001; OR = 0.59, P = 0.04, respectively) and subsequent need for MUA (OR = 0.68, P ≤ 0.001; OR = 0.96, P < 0.001; OR = 0.87, P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusion:
Patients on an antifibrotic medication had no difference in the odds of being diagnosed with AC within 6 months of surgery and for MUA within 12 months of diagnosis of AC. Male sex, increasing age, and presence of depression markedly decreased the odds.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Small Caliber Intramedullary Nails for Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Tse Shannon , Saade Aziz , Simister Samuel K. , McKeithan Lydia J. , White Micaela , Dejenie Rebeka , Brooks Branden , Bhale Rahul , Campbell Sean T. , Fitzpatrick Ellen , Soles Gillian L. , Lee Mark A. , Saiz Augustine M. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
Tibial shaft fractures, frequently treated with intramedullary nailing (IMN), are high-risk fractures of nonunion. The effect of intramedullary nail diameter on fracture union reduction remains an area of investigation, with many surgeons anecdotally preferring to place at least a 10-mm tibial nail. We hypothesized that small-caliber nails (SCNs) (diameter ≤9 mm) are safe to use and have no difference in complication rates compared with large-caliber nails (LCNs) (≥10 mm).

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on patients with tibial shaft fractures undergoing reamed IMN at a level 1 trauma center between 2018 and 2022. Patient and injury characteristics, intramedullary nail diameter, surgical details, and postoperative complication rates were recorded. Nail and intramedullary canal width at the isthmus on coronal radiographs determined the nail-canal ratio. Radiographic coronal and sagittal displacement, angulations between fracture segments, and coronal plane tibial mechanical axis were evaluated on latest radiographs.

Results:
Among 113 patients, 68 received SCN while 45 received LCN. No difference was observed in the nail-canal ratio between the SCN and LCN groups, indicating that smaller nails were used for smaller canals. No significant demographic differences were noted between groups. LCNs were more prevalent in (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification) AO/OTA 42C (P = 0.03) and Gustilo-Anderson type III fractures (P = 0.05). The LCN group had higher rates of revision surgery (20% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.03) and wound dehiscence (8.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). Gustilo-Anderson IIIA fractures were independently associated with poorer outcomes overall. Radiographic parameters were comparable between groups.

Conclusions:
Small-diameter and large-diameter reamed intramedullary nails can be effective in treating tibial shaft fractures. Nail-canal ratios and alignment were similar between the two groups, suggesting that surgeons should not feel obligated to ream to a 10-mm nail in a smaller patient with a well-reduced fracture.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif TPS Terhadap Keterampilan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Kelas III SD
Authors: Febriyani Febi , Isrok’atun Isrok’atun , Irawati Riana 
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the influence of the Think Pair Share (TPS) cooperative learning model on the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students. This study uses a quasi-experimental method and a pretest-posttest group design. The population of this study is all students at SDN Gudang Kopi Sumedang, while the sample of this study is 31 students taken by cluster random sampling technique. Data is collected through written tests and observations during the learning process. The data produced was analyzed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that students' mathematical communication skills improved after learning with the TPS model. The average pretest score was 54.8, which increased to 80.3 in the posttest, with a gain value of 0.67, categorized as moderate. Observations also indicated that students were more active when working individually, discussing with a partner, and sharing discussion results in front of the class. In conclusion, the TPS learning model was proven effective in enhancing students' mathematical communication skills. This model can be an option for teachers to create interactive learning and actively engage students, particularly in mathematics learning at the elementary school level.
Qu’est-ce qu’un nuage ? Hélène et la matière des rêves
Authors: Routier-Guillemot Louise 
Published: February 2025

What is a cloud ? In Euripides’Helen, the heroin switched roles with a Helen-like cloud. This supernatural creature being carved out of a cloud has long been overlooked, as if the « cloud » were a mere synonymous for « simulacrum ». We suggest to pay attention to this vivid metaphor whose genealogy brings us back to Homer and reflects the rise of philosophical thought : clouds may be the hidden bond between being and non-being, the primary material of fiction — such stuff as dreams are made on.
IOT Based Integrated Environmental Monitoring System
Authors:   Department of Information science and Engineering,       East West Institute of  Technology,  Bangalore, India, D Sharon 
Published: February 2025

A weather monitoring system is a robust and cost-effective solution designed to monitor and record real-time environmental parameters using Arduino as the central controller. This system integrates various sensors, such as a DHT11 for temperature and humidity, an LDR for light intensity, and a soil moisture sensor, to gather precise data about environmental conditions. The data is processed by the Arduino and displayed locally on an LCD screen, ensuring ease of access for users.

The system provides a versatile platform for monitoring key weather parameters in applications such as agriculture, greenhouses, and indoor climate control. Threshold-based automation is implemented to activate actuators like water pumps and fans, providing intelligent responses to environmental changes. For example, the water pump is triggered when soil moisture falls below a certain level, and the fan is activated when the temperature exceeds a predefined threshold. Manual override is also supported through push-button controls, allowing users to operate the system as needed.

Designed as a standalone device, the system runs entirely on Arduino and does not rely on internet connectivity, making it ideal for remote or resource-constrained locations. Its modular design allows for easy integration of additional sensors, such as rain or wind-speed sensors, for expanded functionality.

By providing accurate, real-time weather data and automating responses to environmental changes, this system reduces manual effort, optimizes resource usage, and enhances productivity. Its simplicity, affordability, and reliability make it a valuable tool for individuals and organizations in agriculture, horticulture, and environmental research. This project demonstrates the potential of Arduino-based systems to solve real-world challenges in a sustainable and scalable..[7]

Keywords: IoT (Internet of Things), Environmental Monitoring, Smart Cities, Real-time Data, Sensors, Air Quality Monitoring, Water Quality Monitoring, Climate Data, Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Pollution Detection.
Statutory Interpretation in Multilingual Jurisdictions
Authors: Birunga Odethie 
Published: February 2025

Statutory Interpretation in Multilingual Jurisdictions
Considering that every piece of legislation is subject to legal interpretation, its practicability depends highly on successful interpretation. In any legislation drafted in more than one language, divergence in meanings of versions is not only possible, but inevitable. It is not a simple task to draft in a way so that contexts are translated and included in all different language versions so that it becomes one meaningful legislation. While relying on one version only in the course of interpreting a piece of legislation may sound a lot easier, there could be ambiguous passages which may be clarified by consulting other versions. The existence of discrepancies between the versions of legislation is neither a smooth sail in multilingual environment.
The Principle of Ultra Vires and the Local Authorities’ Decisions in England
Authors: Aguma Charles 
Published: February 2025

The Principle of Ultra Vires and the Local Authorities’ Decisions in England
The hypothesis of this article is that valid administrative decisions from local authorities are guaranteed via clear and precise enabling clauses in the primary legislation. The article argues that the style of drafting local authorities’ legislations influences decisions taken by local authorities. First, legislations need to be drafted in a style that clearly and precisely spells out the limits of powers of the local authorities in order to provide sufficient guidance to local authorities’ administrators to act lawfully. In attempting to exercise implied powers conferred by the imprecise enabling legislation, however, local authorities tend to go beyond intended legal powers and as a result take unreasonable, arbitrary and invalid decisions. More so, drafters rarely provide sufficient guidance about which considerations are properly relevant to the exercise of discretion and which are not. Secondly, obscure, wide and ambiguous enabling clauses in the primary legislations are substantial causes of courts’ misinterpretation of legislation as understanding the limits of the powers of the local authorities is a challenge. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the whole range of activities performed by a local authority by invoking implied powers, while exercising discretion, under the umbrella of doing anything that is calculated to facilitate or is conducive to or incidental to the discharge of any of its functions can be regarded as lawful. This article attempts to respond to that question. Although the principle of ultra vires requires the strict observance of the limits of the powers conferred in legislation, local authorities tend to invoke widely drafted provisions to perform activities that are said to be incidental to the express powers of which courts may declare invalid.
Donors without Borders
Authors: Miller Joseph E. 
Published: February 2025

Donors without Borders: a Comparative Study of Tax Law Frameworks for Individual Cross-Border Philanthropy
Under current United States tax law, individual gifts to foreign charities generally are not deductible from federal income tax as charitable contributions. A comparative study of analogous tax laws in Switzerland and the United Kingdom demonstrates that the Swiss approach generally reflects the same prohibition against tax deductions for individual gifts to foreign charities, while British law permits such deductibility for gifts to qualified charities in other EU member states, Norway, and Iceland.All three countries’ legal frameworks demonstrate that their respective notions of the ‘public interest’ significantly affect their approaches to deductibility for gifts to foreign charities. The British conception of public interest, enlarged by participation in the European Union and the nondiscrimination requirements of the EU treaties, is embodied in its more expansive deductibility rules. Swiss non-participation in the EU, by contrast, reflects a more isolationist notion of public interest and may inform its prohibition on deductions for gifts to foreign charities. The narrower Swiss approach parallels the United States’ approach, and it suggests that an American expansion of deductibility for foreign charitable gifts could be encouraged by American participation in the proposed TPP, TTIP, or other multilateral trade agreements or economic unions.
Linguistic Disharmony, National Language Authority and Legislative Drafting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Authors: Ilahi Mazhar 
Published: February 2025

Linguistic Disharmony, National Language Authority and Legislative Drafting in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
It is quite interesting to note that first, the first language of most of the population of Pakistan remains different in different geographical regions. Secondly, Urdu, which is the second language of most of the population of Pakistan though declared to be the sole constitutional and official language, is not so accepted by all the communities resident in Pakistan. As a result, and thirdly, the laws of Pakistan are drafted in a non-native language, English, which is mostly the third language of a small fraction of the country’s population . This situation runs counter to the theme of the Plain Language Movement for writing of laws (PLM), which strives to make the laws understandable for its subjects. The problem, in reality, owes its genesis to different ethno-lingual and political issues. However, without going into much detail of these ethno-lingual and political elements, this article aims to analyse the question of the need for linguistic harmony, the main causes of lack of focus upon the same and the role of the National Language Authority (NLA) in the context. In addressing these issues the author concludes that lack of political will to handle the natural ensuing issues of the multilingual features of the Pakistani society and the (English) linguistic hegemony of the ruling elites (civil and military bureaucracy) are the two main causes of the failure of the NLA to administer Urdu as a sole national/official/legislative language of Pakistan.
Drafting of Legislation in Compliance with Model Laws
Authors: Poloko Lesedi 
Published: February 2025

Drafting of Legislation in Compliance with Model Laws
Lawmaking is an essential attribute of a state. Laws differ from one country to another, and compliance with different legal rules may create problems. Uniformity of laws is an end in itself, and its value lies in its practical benefits. Interest in the quality of legislative instruments is a major concern, especially as regards the effectiveness of the national legislation.
Internet Trolling and the 2011 UK Riots
Authors: Bishop Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Internet Trolling and the 2011 UK Riots: The Need for a Dualist Reform of the Constitutional, Administrative and Security Frameworks in Great Britain
This article proposes the need for ‘dualism’ in the legal system, where civil and criminal offences are considered at the same time, and where both the person complaining and the person responding are on trial at the same time. Considered is how reforming the police and judiciary, such as by replacing the police with legal aid solicitors and giving many of their other powers to the National Crime Agency could improve outcomes for all. The perils of the current system, which treats the accused as criminals until proven not guilty, are critiqued, and suggestions for replacing this process with courts of law that treat complainant and respondent equally are made. The article discusses how such a system based on dualism might have operated during the August 2011 UK riots, where the situation had such a dramatic effect on how the social networking aspects, such as ‘Internet trolling’, affected it.