bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Erbil City Environment and Increasing Irrigated Areas through Simulated Hydraulic Design from Greater-Zab River Water
Authors: Othman Ismael Sarwah , Qarani Aziz Shuokr , Mohammed Ahmed Bahar , Abdulwahed Mahmod Ali 
Published: November 2023

Climate change, drought years, industrialization and oil production, investment, increase number of vehicles, air-conditioning systems, private electric generators and projects impacted on the Erbil City Environment. Green and planted areas were decreased; while desertification, groundwater problem and temperature increased. The objectives of the present research were to improve environment, increasing irrigated, groundwater table and tourist areas, and decreasing flood in Erbil City. To conduct the research, design of pumping station, pipe lines, ponds and artificial channels for conveying raw water from Greater-Zab River (GZR) to the surrounded areas of Erbil City was studied. Surveying data were collected through site visits to the selected areas. Hydraulics design for the pumping station, pipe line, ponds and the channels were carried out. Prosed discharge was 0.8 m3/s. Results revealed that the ponds can store 9000 m3 of the water and the best cross-section for the channels were 1.5 m Width and 1 m depth. The proposed hydraulic channels can irrigate 16 donums of the land. It can be concluded that design of ponds and channels surrounded to Erbil City decrease temperature, groundwater and flood problems, and desertification. On the other hand, the proposed design enhances environmental conditions, irrigated lands, and tourist.
Measuring preparedness of hospitals to manage traumatic brain injuries: Criterion development and assessment in an Indian district
Authors: Adusumilli Ajay Krishan , Sukumar Gautham Melur , Pandey Gunjan , Shukla Dhaval 
Published: November 2023

Objectives:
The objectives of the study are to develop a criterion to objectively assess the preparedness of hospitals to manage traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and to assess and classify the preparedness of secondary and tertiary care hospitals to manage TBIs in an Indian district.

Materials and Methods:
This ethically approved hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2022 and February 2023 in all eligible secondary and tertiary hospitals in Kolar, Karnataka, India. A study instrument (Form 1, 2, and 3) and the criterion (level-numeric scoring system) to objectively measure the preparedness of hospitals to manage TBIs were developed based on the Neurotrauma Society of India guidelines. This was used to collect data on facilities, manpower, intensive care unit care, drugs, and equipment available for managing TBI in hospitals, by a combination of observation, interview, and verification of records. Based on the assessment, the preparedness of each hospital was categorized into different levels and scores.

Results:
We assessed all 11 eligible hospitals in the district of which 81% are categorized as having Level 4 preparedness to manage TBIs (corresponds to the management of mild head injury cases). One hospital each had Level 2 and Level 3 preparedness to manage TBIs (moderate and severe). There was no Level 1 preparedness in hospital in the district.

Conclusion:
Most hospitals were identified to have Level 4 preparedness, indicating a need for comprehensive strengthening of secondary and tertiary hospitals to manage TBI cases in the district.
Construction of a three-dimensional model of the convection of aggregating particles
Authors: Загидуллин Р.Р. 
Published: November 2023

Рассматриваются технические аспекты, связанные с моделированием процессов агрегации в неоднородной среде в условиях неустоявшихся скоростей. Для учета агрегации в модель добавлены операторы Смолуховского. Пространственная неоднородность моделируется операторами переноса и диффузии. Поле скоростей получено с помощью фреймворка для моделирования гидродинамических систем OpenFOAM.
This paper discusses technical aspects related to modeling aggregation processes in a heterogeneous medium with unsteady velocities. Smoluchowski operators are added to the model to account for aggregation. Spatial heterogeneity is modeled by advection and diffusion operators. The velocity field was obtained using OpenFOAM — the framework for modeling hydrodynamic systems.
The Impact of Music on Verbal Memory: Evidence from Jordanian University Students
Authors: Al-Yasin Noor , Hamdan Jihad 
Published: November 2023

Purpose. Following the hypothesis of shared cognitive mechanisms between language and music, the present study investigates the interconnection between musical orientation and language processing operations in Broca’s area, namely verbal retrieval. The researchers replicated Taylor & Dewhurst’s (2017) study by applying a perceptual task of four types of words in Arabic to Jordanian university students spanning a wide range of musical orientations.
Methods. The participants are musicians with different levels of musical training and non-musicians who vary in their musical interests. A T-test was applied to the results of musicians and non-musicians. Furthermore, a Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to reveal significant differences within groups. Moreover, paired comparisons were conducted to find out significant differences between the four word types regardless of the participants’ musical background.
Results. First, verbal memory was enhanced by musical training where musicians, despite their level of musical training, scored significantly better than non-musicians in the verbal recall test. Second, the level of musical training contributes to improving the ability to recall different types of words where advanced musicians scored higher than intermediates and beginners. Third, non-musicians who spend more time than others listening to music daily scored better in the given perceptual task than those who spend less time listening to music or do not listen to music at all. Finally, visual words appeared to be the easiest to recall since they are high in imagery. In contrast, abstract words are the hardest to recall given that they only have non-sensory features, unlike concrete words, such as visual, auditory and tactile words.
Conclusions. This study supports the hypothesis of music impact on the retrieval process of words. Higher exposure to musical training or music in general leads to better word retrieval. However, word type can be a factor that might affect the retrieval process since certain word types are easier to recall than others.
The Pragmatic Functions of wa in Jordanian Arabic: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: Hamdan Jihad , Hamdan Hady , Hamdan Wael , Alkhadra Wafa 
Published: November 2023

Purpose. This paper examines the pragmatic functions of wa, the most frequently used discourse marker in the daily interactions of speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA).
Procedure. The principal researcher built with the help of a research assistant a small-size corpus from conversations and talks presented by Jordanian TV and Radio Jordan in JA. The recordings ran for 194 minutes and covered multiple aspects of Jordanian life and culture such as traffic and safety, water and agriculture, education, tourism and environment, health, mountaineering and social topics. The recordings were transcribed for analysis by two of the four researchers and verified by the other two. The transcripts comprised 20660 words with 1229 instances of wa. To identify the pragmatic functions of wa, the researchers worked in groups of two and screened and examined independently a different 50 percent of the transcribed data and proposed their own list of identified functions along with at least two illustrative examples for each pragmatic function. Once done, they held a number of successive meetings to review the outcome with a view to reaching consensus judgments on the identified functions and examples. They were able to agree on eight of the 12 suggested labels. For the remaining four, they invited a focus group of 10 postgraduate students of linguistics whose native language was JA to examine and discuss the disputed material. This intensive and laborious work had reduced the list of functions to 11.
Results. The findings of the study show that wa has 11 pragmatic functions. It is mainly used for expressing addition, indicating resumption, swearing an oath, concluding a premise, elaborating on the antecedent sentence, restating, mocking, showing simultaneity, extending congratulations, linking alternative contrasts, and avoiding complete and explicit listing.
Conclusions. The paper identified 11 pragmatic functions of wa in Jordanian Arabic. However, the paper has made no claims that these functions are conclusive as the corpus is small and is collected from officially channeled media that had to pass censorship before being released. Another thing of importance is the extent to which the proposed labels for the functions is agreed by the readers of this paper, including academic colleagues. Once again, we cannot argue that the given names of the functions are unequivocally sound and acceptable. A reader may suggest another label here and there and this temptation cannot be easily suppressed.
Concept “ENGLAND” and its Subconcepts in the Consciousness of Ukrainian Students
Authors: Mykhalchuk Nataliia , Plakhtii Anastasiia , Panchenko Olena , Ivashkevych Eduard , Khupavtseva Nataliia , Chebykin Оleksiy 
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the research is the empirical study of the peculiarities of the deployment of the concept ENGLAND and its subconcepts in the linguistic consciousness of Ukrainians in terms of logical-semantic organization of the respondents’ thinking and speech activity.
Methods. Theoretical methods were categorical and structurally-functional analysis of lexical units, the methods of systematization, modeling, generalization; empirical ones – the analysis of lexical units, the experiment. For the purpose of studying the ways of explication of the concept «ENGLAND» and its subconcepts in the consciousness of Ukrainian students we used the associative experiment; the designations of the kernel and the periphery of the concept ENGLAND were included as stimulus-words.
Results. It was shown that the concept ENGLAND was included into the worldview of the Ukrainian ethnic group. It is a cultural script in the individual consciousness, the form of which facilitates the formation of the mentality of Ukrainian students. Due to the influence of the concept ENGLAND, a person immerses himself/herself in British and, thanks to the translation of lexical units from English to his/her native Ukrainian language, in Ukrainian culture, and thus can influence the British multicultural world (even if a Ukrainian does not live in England).
Conclusions. We proved, that in the mind of the person a concept is generated on the basis of the results of practical activity, cognition and assessment of the objective world. At the same time, any concept appears in the form of the image that can be amplified by various degrees of abstraction. When the number of its signs increases, that is the level of abstraction also increases, the sensory image gradually turns into a mental image. This principle of formation of the mental representation of knowledge about the world allows us to consider the concept as a complex, amplified paradigmatic structure, which includes various aspects of knowledge and personally significant experience, including scripts of worldview, rational, emotional, multicultural aspects.
Survival outcomes of intracranial extraventricular neurocytomas: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Kweh Barry Ting Sheen , Asaid Mina , Khoo Boyuan , Donaldson Christopher , Lokan Julie , Gan Hui K. , Gonzalvo Augusto Carlos 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
The rarity of intracranial extraventricular neurocytomas (EVNs) has precluded accurate definition of its surgical characteristics to date. The authors present the first survival analysis of this unique entity that aims to clarify tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, and efficacy of postoperative adjuvant therapy.

METHODS
A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Searches of the MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases were performed from inception to date. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Prognostic variables were age, sex, tumor consistency, extent of resection, and receipt of postoperative adjuvant therapy. Survival data were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test to compare dichotomized cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression models were constructed, interrogated with Schoenfeld residuals, and subsequently utilized to identify independent prognostic factors. Risk of bias was assessed with the Mayo Clinic instrument.

RESULTS
Five hundred fourteen articles were initially retrieved, which was distilled to 10 included articles consisting of 101 cases of intracranial EVNs. The 5-year OS rate was 90.4% (95% CI 81.8%–99.8%) and the PFS rate was 48.6% (95% CI 34.46%–68.8%). The median PFS was 60 months. Patients younger than 50 years of age experienced superior OS (p = 0.03) and PFS (p < 0.01). Gross-total resection (GTR) was superior to subtotal resection (STR) in reducing mortality (p < 0.01). Adjuvant therapy following either STR or GTR did not significantly improve survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Intracranial EVNs are rare tumors that portend a poorer prognosis than central neurocytomas, despite both being WHO grade 2 tumors. Complete surgical extirpation is the cornerstone of management. There is no clearly established role for adjuvant postoperative therapy, but each case should be managed on an individual basis.
Association of carotid endarterectomy at low-volume centers with higher likelihood of major complications and nonroutine discharge
Authors: Han Jane S. , Rangwala Shivani D. , Liu Kristie Q. , Ding Li , Alsalek Samir , Attenello Frank J. , Mack William J. 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is associated with an annual stroke risk of 2%–5%, and revascularization with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) can reduce this risk. While studies have demonstrated that hospital CEA volume is associated with mortality and myocardial infarction, CEA volume cutoffs in studies are relatively arbitrary, and no specific analyses on broad complications and discharge disposition have been performed. In this study, the authors systematically set out to identify a cutoff at which CEA procedural volume was significantly associated with major complications and nonroutine discharge.

METHODS
Asymptomatic and symptomatic CAS patients undergoing CEA were retrospectively identified in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2010–2018). The association of CEA volume with outcomes was explored as a continuous variable using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing. The identified volume cutoff was used to generate dichotomous volume cohorts, and multivariate analyses of patient and hospital characteristics were conducted to evaluate the association of CEA volume with major complications and discharge disposition.

RESULTS
Between 2010 and 2018, 308,933 asymptomatic and 32,877 symptomatic patients underwent CEA. Analysis of CEA volume with outcomes as a continuous variable demonstrated that an increase in volume was associated with a lower risk until a volume of approximately 7 cases per year (20th percentile). A total of 6702 (2.2%) asymptomatic and 1040 (3.2%) symptomatic patients were treated at the bottom 20% of hospital procedure volume. Increased rates of complications were seen at low-volume centers among asymptomatic (3.66% vs 2.77%) and symptomatic (7.4% vs 6.87%) patients. Asymptomatic patients treated at low-volume centers had an increased likelihood of major complications (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.49; p = 0.007) and nonroutine discharge (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.24–1.50; p < 0.0001). Symptomatic patients treated at low-volume centers were also more likely to experience major complications (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.07–2.02; p = 0.02) and nonroutine discharge (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.07–1.47; p = 0.005). Mortality rates were similar between low- and high-volume hospitals among asymptomatic (0.36% and 0.32%, respectively) and symptomatic (1.06% and 1.49%, respectively) patients, while volume was not significantly associated with mortality among asymptomatic (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.67–1.65; p = 0.81) and symptomatic (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.43–1.54; p = 0.52) patients in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
CEA patients, asymptomatic or symptomatic, are at a higher risk of major complications and nonroutine discharge at low-volume centers. Analysis of CEA as a continuous variable demonstrated a cutoff at 7 cases per year, and further study may identify factors associated with improved outcome at the lowest-volume centers.
Comparison of intraoperative cone-beam CT versus preoperative fan-beam CT for navigated spine surgery: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Tu Tsung-Hsi , Kuo Yi-Hsuan , Chang Chih-Chang , Kuo Chao-Hung , Chang Hsuan-Kan , Fay Li-Yu , Yeh Mei-Yin , Ko Chin-Chu , Huang Wen-Cheng , Wu Jau-Ching 
Published: November 2023

OBJECTIVE
This prospective randomized study aimed to investigate the accuracy, radiation exposure, and surgical workflow optimization of a novel intraoperative spinal navigation system using preoperative fan-beam (FB) CT versus the classic intraoperative cone-beam (CB) CT in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).

METHODS
In this two-arm, single-center, randomized study, the authors evaluated the safety and clinical outcomes of a novel navigation system for pedicle screw placement in spine surgery.

RESULTS
The accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the experimental group (FB group) was 94.38%, while it was 94.55% in the control group (CB group). Notably, the intraoperative radiation exposure to patients in the FB CT group (mean 0.361 ± 0.261 mSv) was significantly lower than that in the CB CT group (mean 6.526 ± 13.591 mSv) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the intraoperative preparation time for screw placement in the FB group (mean 10.6 ± 5.62 minutes) was significantly lower than that in the CB group (mean 17.6 ± 5.59 minutes) (p = 0.0004). No significant differences were observed for blood loss during surgery, total radiation exposure to surgeons, mean time for inserting a single pedicle screw, revision surgery rate, patients’ reported outcomes, and length of postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Significant differences were observed for intraoperative radiation exposure to patients and the preparation time for pedicle screw placement.

CONCLUSIONS
The preoperative FB CT-based intraoperative spinal navigation system demonstrated comparable accuracy and safety when compared with the intraoperative CB CT-based system. Moreover, the FB CT-based system had a shorter time for screw placement and reduced intraoperative radiation exposure to patients. These findings support the potential benefits of adopting this novel navigation system to enhance surgical precision and reduce radiation-related risks in MIS-TLIF procedures.
Peningkatan pengetahuan “Pentingnya Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat” pada Posyandu Remaja Mojo Gubeng Surabaya
Authors: Purbowati Rini , Tri Ratnasari Diana , Soekanto Ayly 
Published: November 2023

Indonesia saat ini sedang menghadapi beban ganda penyakit yaitu Penyakit Menular (PM) dan Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh perubahan lingkungan, perilaku masyarakat, transisi demografi, teknologi, ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut Program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) semakin digencarkan oleh pemerintah, yang hendaknya melibatkan seluruh elemen masyarakat, pemangku kepentingan, swasta, akademisi, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat dan sektor-sektor lainnya. Peran anak muda sangat dibutuhkan oleh pemerintah dalam proses pembangunan berkelanjutan atau Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran masyarakat khususnya anggota Posyandu Remaja Mojo Gubeng Surabaya tentang pentingnya perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini terlaksana pada hari Sabtu tanggal 11 September 2021, dihadiri oleh 26 peserta. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini yang dipilih berupa seminar daring (webinar) demi mendukung pemerintah dalam penanganan COVID-19 dengan pemberlakukan PPKM Darurat. Pengukuran peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dilakukan melalui pretest dan posttest dengan menjawab pertanyaan terkait materi webinar dengan pengisian Google Form. Hasil pengukuran didapatkan nilai pretest rata-rata 62,5±14 sedangkan nilai posttest rata-rata 82,1±18 dengan nilai delta (perubahan score) sebesar 18,6. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat melalui Webinar dengan judul “Pentingnya Perilaku Hidup Sehat pada Posyandu Remaja Mojo Gubeng Surabaya” dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat di Posyandu Remaja Mojo Surabaya sebesar 18,6 poin.
CİNSEL DOKUNULMAZLIĞA KARŞI SUÇLARIN İSPATINDA YARARLANILAN KRİTERLERİN HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ HAKKINDA DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: USLUADAM Asena Kamer 
Published: November 2023

Cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçlar, diğer şiddet suçlarından farklı olarak ispatında zorluk yaşanan suçlardır. Çoğunlukla yalnızca mağdur beyanı üzerinden yürütülen yargılamalarda beyanın doğruluğunu değerlendirmek üzere çeşitli kriterlere başvurulmaktadır. Bu kriterlerden bazıları genel nitelikteyken bazıları cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçlara özgüdür. Mağdurun iftira atması için bir nedeninin olmaması, mağdurun iffetine zarar verecek şekilde yalan söylemesinin beklenmemesi, mağdurun içinde bulunduğu durumu mazur göstermek istemesi cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçlar özelinde başvurulan, çeşitli nedenlerle eleştirilen kriterlerdir.
Çalışmada öncelikle cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçların ispatında yaşanan zorluğun nedenleri üzerinde durulmuş, cinsel suç mitlerinin bu zorluğa etkisine değinilmiştir. Cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı suçların ispatında yaşanan zorluklar ispat hukuku kuralları çerçevesinde ele alındıktan sonra cinsel dokunulmazlığa karşı işlenen suçların ispatında tecrübe kurallarının ve tecrübe kurallarıyla cinsel suç mitlerinin ayırt edilmesinin önemi üzerinde durulmuştur. Uygulamada başvurulan kriterlerin yardımcı vakıalar ve tecrübe kurallarıyla ilişkisine ve tecrübe kurallarının taşıması gereken kriterler üzerinden değerlendirmelere yer verilmiştir. Öğretide çeşitli nedenlerle eleştirilen bu kriterlere, kriterlerin hukuki niteliği ve taşıması gereken nitelikler gözetilerek farklı bir perspektiften yaklaşmak amaçlanmıştır.
Determinants of internet banking usage in emerging markets: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: Abdou Shereen Aly Hussien Aly 
Published: November 2023

This study aims to investigate the determinants of internet banking (IB) usage in emerging markets under five determinants that include demographic characteristics of bank clients, perceived risk, financial awareness, the bank's technology infrastructure, and perceived relative advantages of internet banking in Egypt. In accordance with a qualitative approach; a questionnaire was designed including five distinct variables of internet banking usage. The questionnaire was administered to the clients of Egyptian banks within the first quarter of 2023, with a total response of 384 participants. The study found that the perceived risk, financial awareness, the bank's technology infrastructure, and perceived relative advantages of internet banking have a significant effect on the attitudes of clients' usage of internet banking (IB) in Egypt. In addition to age, educational qualification, and occupation. Financial awareness and the demographic characteristics of age have a significant effect on the attitudes of clients' usage of internet banking in Egypt, but monthly income and gender have no significance in Egypt. Internet banking presents an opportunity for bank units to achieve entrepreneurial endeavours by providing benefits to their clients and to the overall economy.