bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placebo‐associated improvements in motor function: Comparison of subjective and objective sections of the UPDRS in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goetz Christopher G. , Leurgans Sue , Raman Rema 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) is primarily composed of an investigator‐derived objective rating of motor function and a patient‐derived assessment of activities of daily living (ADL). Using a stringent definition of placebo effect, we examined the frequency, temporal development, and stability of improvements during placebo treatment over 6 months in a large placebo‐controlled trial of deprenyl and tocopherol in early Parkinson's disease (DATATOP). One hundred ninety‐nine subjects received placebo treatment in the randomized, multicenter, placebo‐controlled DATATOP study. We compared the baseline UPDRS motor section scores with follow‐up scores at 4, 13, and 26 weeks. Placebo‐associated improvement was defined as an improvement over baseline score in motor UPDRS of at least 50% or a change in at least two motor items at any one visit by two or more points. Seventeen percent of the 185 subjects who qualified for analysis met the placebo response criteria. The group prevalence of response was steady (7% to 10%) at any one visit without a marked predominance of an early study effect. Older subjects with more motor impairment at baseline were most likely to show a placebo‐associated improvement. ADL scores were low throughout the study, and ADL improvements did not identify the subjects with objectively defined placebo‐associated improvement. Prominent improvements in investigator‐derived objective measures of Parkinson's disease motor impairment occur during clinical trials, including one that was not aimed at showing improved short‐term efficacy. Although the notion of placebo effect often implies patient‐based perceptions, we found subjective changes to be infrequent in placebo‐treated patients, suggesting that either: (1) the placebo effect was rater‐driven; (2) the ADL questionnaire is insensitive to transient but objectively demonstrable motor changes; or (3) that the objective changes, albeit major, are within the realm of natural variation in the UPDRS motor scale from visit to visit. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Do risk factors for Alzheimer's disease predict dementia in Parkinson's disease? An exploratory study
Authors: Levy Gilberto , Tang Ming‐Xin , Cote Lucien J. , Louis Elan D. , Alfaro Brenda , Mejia Helen , Stern Yaakov , Marder Karen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extent to which concomitant Alzheimer's disease (AD) is etiologically related to the development of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. We explored the association of four risk factors associated with AD, including head injury, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, with incident dementia in PD. A cohort of 180 nondemented PD patients from the Washington Heights community in northern Manhattan, New York, completed a risk factor questionnaire at baseline and was followed annually with neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. The association of baseline variables with incident dementia was analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards models. All analyses controlled for age at baseline, gender, years of education, duration of PD, and total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score at baseline. Of 180 patients (mean age, 71.0 ± 10.3 years), 52 (29%) became demented during a mean follow‐up period of 3.6 ± 2.2 years. Head injury risk ratio ([RR] 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–2.2; P = 0.9), hypertension (RR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4–1.4, P = 0.3), and diabetes mellitus (RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3–2.3; P = 0.7) were not significantly associated with incident dementia in the Cox models. Patients who reported having ever smoked were at increased risk for the development of dementia compared with nonsmokers (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–3.9; P = 0.05). Current smoking was significantly associated with incident dementia (RR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.2–16.4; P = 0.02), whereas past smoking approached significance (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9–3.7; P = 0.07). Although an inverse association between smoking and PD has been reported in several studies, our study showed a positive association between smoking and dementia in the setting of PD. The association of smoking with incident dementia in PD deserves further study. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society.
Nocturnal body core temperature falls in Parkinson's disease but not in multiple‐system atrophy
Authors: Pierangeli G. , Provini F. , Maltoni P. , Barletta G. , Contin M. , Lugaresi E. , Montagna P. , Cortelli P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOBJECTIVE:To evaluate whether the circadian rhythm of body core temperature (CRT°) can differentiate Multiple‐System Atrophy (MSA) from Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).METHODS:We evaluated 14 patients with probable MSA, seven with IPD, and eight controls. After a preliminary evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic function, rectal temperature and sleep‐wake cycle were monitored continuously for 48 hours in a temperature‐controlled room, at constant bed rest with controlled food intake and fixed light‐dark schedule.RESULTS:MSA patients showed cardiovascular autonomic sympathetic and parasympathetic failure. IPD had normal cardiovascular autonomic function. A 24‐hour rhythm of body core temperature (BcT°) was present in all subjects. IPD had CRT° comparable to controls. In MSA the mesor was higher and mean BcT° of each hour was significantly higher from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. The analysis of mean BcT° during the different sleep phases showed significantly higher values during both NREM (1–2, 3–4) and REM sleep stages in MSA.CONCLUSIONS:The physiological nocturnal fall of BcT° is blunted in MSA patients mainly because BcT° did not decrease during sleep. This CRT° pattern is not justified by differences in sleep structure and may reflect an impairment of central sympathetic nervous system function. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Quantitative assessment of daytime motor activity provides a responsive measure of functional decline in patients with Huntington's disease
Authors: van Vugt J.P.P. , Siesling S. , Piet K.K.E. , Zwinderman A.H. , Middelkoop H.A.M. , van Hilten J.J. , Roos R.A.C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVoluntary motor impairment is a functionally important aspect of Huntington's disease (HD). Therefore, quantitative assessment of disturbed voluntary movement might be important in follow‐up. We investigated the relation between quantitatively assessed daytime motor activity and symptom severity in HD and evaluated whether assessment of daytime motor activity is a responsive measure in the follow‐up of patients.Sixty‐four consecutive HD patients and 67 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were studied. Daytime motor activity was recorded using a wrist‐worn activity monitor that counts all movements during a period of five consecutive days. Patients were rated clinically for voluntary motor impairment, dyskinesias, posture & gait, depression, cognitive impairment and functional capacity. Follow‐up was available from 40 patients (mean follow‐up 2.0 years) and 29 controls (mean follow‐up 5.9 years).Despite chorea, patients had less daytime motor activity than controls (P < 0.005). This hypokinesia correlated with impaired voluntary movements (r = 0.37; P < 0.01), disturbed posture & gait (r = 0.38; P < 0.005) and especially with reduced functional capacity (r = 0.51; P < 0.0005). During follow‐up, hypokinesia remained unchanged in clinically stable patients, but became worse in those whose functional disability progressed (P < 0.005).Hypokinesia seems a core symptom of HD which is related to functional capacity. Actimetric assessment of hypokinesia is responsive to disease progression and can be used as an objective tool for follow‐up. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Penicillamine‐induced lethal status dystonicus in a patient with Wilson's disease
Authors: Svetel Marina , Šternić Nadežda , Pejović Sanja , Kostić Vladimir S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA 37‐year‐old man with Wilson's disease is described, in whom the introduction of penicillamine therapy was followed after 3.5 weeks by the development of the status dystonicus with a fatal outcome.
Acute paroxysmal dystonia induced by fluoxetine
Authors: Domínguez‐Morán José A. , Callejo Juan M. , Fernández‐Ruiz Luis C. , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report a case of a 32‐year‐old woman who developed paroxysmal episodes of right hemidystonia 2 days after taking fluoxetine. The attacks subsided 2 days after fluoxetine was withdrawn and did not recur afterwards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of paroxysmal dystonia induced by fluoxetine. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Botulinum toxin and short‐term electrical stimulation in the treatment of equinus in cerebral palsy
Authors: Detrembleur C. , Lejeune T.M. , Renders A. , Van den Bergh P.Y.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntramuscular botulinum toxin type A (BT‐A) has been shown to reduce spasticity and to improve gait in children with cerebral palsy. To determine whether the efficacy of BT‐A may be enhanced by electrical stimulation, as suggested in focal dystonia or in adult spastic patients, 12 children with dynamic foot equinus deformity were randomly assigned to two groups in a blinded, clinically controlled trial. Intramuscular BT‐A into calf muscles was followed by adjuvant electrical stimulation in Group A (n = 6) but not in Group B (n = 6). Clinical assessment and instrumented gait analysis were performed before and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. The combined treatment of BT‐A and electrical stimulation was not superior to BT‐A alone. For all patients, improvement of the clinical and gait variables occurred at 1 and 3 months after BT‐A injection. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Natural products as probes of cell biology: 20 years of didemnin research
Authors: Vera Matthew D. , Joullié Madeleine M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe discovery of the didemnin family of marine depsipeptides launched an exciting and intriguing chapter in natural product chemistry. The unusual structure of the didemnin congeners has led to several total syntheses by research groups from around the world. The impressive in vitro and in vivo biological activities of the didemnins resulted in the first human clinical trials in the U.S. of a marine natural product against cancer, and additional clinical trials of a second‐generation didemnin, dehydrodidemnin B (aplidine), are underway. As we mark the 20‐year anniversary of the discovery of the didemnins, this class of natural products continues to stimulate active research in fields ranging from synthetic and medicinal chemistry to clinical oncology and cell biology. While some progress was made in dissecting the molecular mechanism of action and in establishing structure‐activity relationships, there are still more questions than answers. This review covers the recent didemnin literature, highlighting the work directed towards understanding how this group of natural products interact with fundamental processes such as cell proliferation, protein biosynthesis, and apoptosis. The didemnin field illustrates how natural product chemistry may be used as a critical tool for the study of cell biology. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 22, No. 2, 102–145, 2002; DOI 10.1002/med.10003
Conditions for the parameter dyadics of lossy bianisotropic media
Authors: Lindell I. V. , Dahl F. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractConditions for the parameter dyadics are derived for bianisotropic media to be lossy (power absorbing). The conditions, which can be expressed easily in terms of the 6×6 matrix of four parameter dyadics as being Hermitian and negative definite, are brought to the level of individual parameter dyadics as four separate dyadic conditions. The theory is applied to three particular medium classes: bi‐isotropic media, uniaxial bianisotropic media, and gyrotropic bianisotropic media as a set of inequalities for the scalar parameters. The conditions are needed for judging the physical realizability of parameter values of new composite media. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 175–178, 2001.
Pharmacokinetic longitudinal studies of antibiotics administered via a permanent intraosseous device in micropigs
Authors: Chastagner Pascal , Lozniewski Alain , Lascombes Pierre , Barberi‐Heyob Muriel , Merthes Paul Michel , Merlin Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundIn critically ill children, intraosseous (IO) administration of a medicine provides an alternate vascular access route when IV access is not readily available. We investigated the short and long‐term efficacy and safety of a totally intraosseously implantable device.ProcedureThis study was undertaken in micropigs (i) to compare serum levels achieved by equal bolus dosages of two antibiotics (amikacin and vancomycin) administered through an intratibial needle, an intraosseous implantable device and central IV routes to determine whether standard parenteral dosing guidelines for antibiotics may be applied without modification for IO injection, and (ii) to show the efficiency of the implantable device over a prolonged period, as a permanent access to intraosseous space.ResultsThe area under the plasma concentration time curves were similar for IV, intratibial and through the intraosseous implantable device, for intermittent administrations of amikacin and vancomycin, over a period of 6 months. However, vancomycin did not reach therapeutic levels via both IO routes. We did not find any alteration of amikacin and vancomycin pharmacokinetics over a period of 6 months using the implantable device. No complication occurred.ConclusionsLong‐term administration of antibiotics through a totally implantable intraosseous device is feasible and safe in micropigs. Although the procedure seems promising, additional studies of the continuous infusion of chemotherapeutic agents, blood products and antimicrobial solutions are needed prior to use in humans. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:635–640, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete assignment of 1H and 13C NMR data for nine protopanaxatriol glycosides
Authors: Teng Rongwei , Li Haizhou , Chen Jiangtao , Wang Dezu , He Yineng , Yang Chongren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNine protopanaxatriol glycosides isolated from mild acid hydrolysis products of crude root saponins of Panax notoginseng were identified as 20(R)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1, 20(S)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1, ginsenoside‐Rg1, ‐Re and ‐Rg2, notoginsenoside‐R2 and ‐R1, a mixture of 25‐hydroxy‐20(S)‐ginsenoside‐Rh1 and its C‐20 (R) epimer, ginsenoside‐Rh4. The complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts for these glycosides were obtained by means of 2D NMR techniques, including 1H–1H COSY, ROESY, HMQC, HMBC and HMQC‐TOCSY spectra. The glycosylation shift effect of protopanaxatriol and the differences in chemical shifts between 20(R)‐ and 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol isomers are also discussed. Except for ginsenoside‐Re and ‐Rg2, complete NMR assignments of the other seven glycosides are reported for the first time. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation and antibacterial activity of a new coumarinolignoid from Daphne gnidium L.
Authors: Cottiglia F. , Bonsignore L. , Loy G. , Garau D. , Floris C. , Casu M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract from the leaves of Daphne gnidium L. afforded 2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4,5‐trioxaphenanthren‐6‐one, and its structure was determined by a combination of spectral methods (1D and 2D 1H, 13C NMR and HRMALDI and EI mass spectrometry). The new compound was found to possess moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. However, it showed no cytotoxic activity against KB cells. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27Al and 7Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR applications to the study of lithium depletion and surface oxidation in Al–Li alloy
Authors: Ba Yong , Ripmeester John A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe physical properties and the near‐surface microstructures of Al–Li alloys are known to be affected by thermo‐mechanical processes during alloy manufacture. The research reported here explored 27Al and 7Li spin‐echo and spin‐echo double resonance NMR to follow the structural changes that accompany lithium depletion and oxidation processes at the alloy surface. The NMR analysis generally agrees with conclusions reached previously using other analytical methods. The major oxide compound generated is Li2CO3 and the minor oxide compound is LiAlO2, which is formed at higher temperatures. LiAlO2 is shown to be formed in spatially confined clusters on the surface of the Li‐depleted, Al‐rich near‐surface layer. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular structures of organotin tropolonato complexes with tin coordination numbers 5–7, seen by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction and solid‐ and solution‐state 119Sn NMR
Authors: Camacho‐Camacho Carlos , Contreras Rosalinda , Nöth Heinrich , Bechmann Matthias , Sebald Angelika , Milius Wolfgang , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOrganotin tropolonato complexes of the type R3Sn(trop) 1 [R = Bu (b), Ph (c)], R2Sn(trop)2 2 [R = Me (a), Bu (b), Ph (c)] and RSn(trop)3 3 [R = Bu (b), Ph (c)] were studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (1c, 2a,b, 3b), 13C and 119Sn MAS NMR and 119Sn NMR in solution. The tin coordination numbers from 5 to 7, as determined for the solid state, are retained in solution. The different distorted octahedral surroundings (cis‐like arrangement of the methyl groups in 2a; trans‐like arrangement of the butyl groups and weak intermolecular association in 2b) of the tin atoms in solid compounds 2 are reflected both by the 119Sn chemical shift anisotropies and the magnitude of the coupling constants |1J(117/119Sn,13C)|. The molecular structures of 2a and 2b become more similar to each other in solution, as indicated by differences in the isotropic 119Sn chemical shifts in solution and in the solid state, and even more obvious by changes in the magnitude of the corresponding coupling constants |1J(117/119Sn,13C)|. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of apoptosis in vitellogenic ovarian follicles of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by salmon gonadotropin, epidermal growth factor, and 17β‐estradiol
Authors: Wood Antony W. , Van Der Kraak Glen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have examined the ability of selected hormones and growth factors to suppress the spontaneous onset on apoptotic DNA fragmentation in isolated vitellogenic rainbow trout ovarian follicles cultured in serum‐free conditions. Primary culture of isolated follicles for 24 hr in serum‐free conditions resulted in a 3–5‐fold increase in the amount of fragmented DNA as compared to non‐cultured controls, measured by radioactive 3′end‐labeling. Culture in medium containing salmon gonadotropin (SG‐G100; 1, 5 μg/ml) suppressed the spontaneous onset of DNA fragmentation in dose‐dependent fashion. Culture with 1 ng/ml 17β‐estradiol, or 100 ng/ml epidermal growth factor also suppressed the spontaneous onset of apoptosis, whereas culture with higher concentrations of 17β‐estradiol (10 and 100 ng/ml), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I; 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml), or 8‐bromo‐cAMP (0.1, 1, and 5 mM) was ineffective in suppressing apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed as the mode of cell death through positive identification of nuclear morphological characteristics associated with apoptosis, and positive staining for fragmented DNA using in situ end‐labeling (TUNEL); apoptotic cells identified in situ were almost exclusively localized to the thecal/epithelial region of the follicle. In summary, this study shows that vitellogenic ovarian follicles are susceptible to apoptosis and that both endocrine and locally‐derived growth factors may play a role as cell survival factors by preventing apoptosis. The study also suggests that rainbow trout differ markedly from mammals both in terms of the cell types susceptible to apoptosis and the responsiveness to specific growth factors in terms of inhibiting apoptosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61:511–518, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the regulation of Crisp‐1 mRNA expression and protein secretion by luminal factors presented in vivo by microperfusion of the rat proximal caput epididymidis
Authors: Turner T.T. , Bomgardner D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSynthesis and secretion of certain epididymal proteins are regulated by lumicrine factors from the testis or from upstream regions of the excurrent ducts. Cysteine‐rich secreted protein‐1 (Crisp‐1) is a major androgen regulated protein in the epididymal lumen fluid of the rat and other species. Previous research has demonstrated that disturbance of the luminal microenvironment through obstruction of the tract reduces Crisp‐1 synthesis and secretion. The present study was undertaken to determine the influence of the luminal microenvironment on rat proximal caput epididymal Crisp‐1 secretion into lumen fluid and on Crisp‐1 gene expression in the same tubules. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Crisp‐1 protein concentrations were reduced from control levels by perfusion with artificial caput fluid containing no testicular factors and were not increased by perfusion with fluids containing rete testis fluid proteins. Crisp‐1gene expression was also reduced by perfusion with artificial caput fluid and not increased by perfusion with rete testis fluid proteins. Perfusion with artificial caput fluid containing 5α‐dihydrotestosterone did increase one Crisp‐1 transcript. This study demonstrates that intraluminal testicular proteins are not important co‐regulators with androgens of Crisp‐1gene expression or resulting Crisp‐1 secretion into the rat proximal caput tubule lumen in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61:437–444, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.