bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mild cardiac hypertrophy, induced by volume overload in turkeys, on myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-pump and calcium-channel activities and on the creatine kinase system
Authors: Shen Hua , Mirsalimi S. Mehdi , Weiler Janice E. , Julian Richard J. , O'Brien Peter James 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Recent studies indicate that in animals with marked cardiac hypertrophy, there is depressed function of Ca2+ sequestration by myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (sr) because of down regulation of the Ca2+-ATPase gene. However, in several animal models we have observed enhancement of myocardial Ca2+ sequestration in response to chronic cardiac stimulation. We tested the hypothesis that in animals with mild cardiac hypertrophy, there is enhanced Ca2+-cycling activity by the sr Ca2+ pump and Ca2+-release channel. Because creatine kinase activity is consistently decreased in cardiomyopathy, we also determined whether enhanced Ca2+ cycling was accompanied by down regulation or inhibition of the creatine kinase system. Mild cardiac hypertrophy was induced by volume overload; 2% salt was added to the diet of 2-week-old turkey poults for 4 weeks.
Compared with age-matched controls, volume overload resulted in 14.3% increase in heart weight and 21.5% increase in heart-to-body weight ratios. The hypertrophied heart had approximately 20% increased activities of the sr Ca2+ pump and the sr Ca2+ channel. Net Ca2+ transport was increased by 16.5%. Compared with controls and in contrast to several other myocardial enzymes, creatine kinase activity was diminished in the hypertrophied hearts by 23% and creatine content was decreased by 8%. Differences between groups were not detected for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase.
We concluded that an early adaptation of the myocardium undergoing hypertrophy in compensatory response to functional overload is an enhancement of Ca2+ cycling activity by the Ca2+ pump and Ca2+ channel of the sr. In contrast to late-stage hypertrophy, there is no evidence for down regulation of the Ca2+-ATPase gene. However, creatine kinase activity and creatine content are diminished by mild cardiac hypertrophy.
Early clinical and morphologic alterations in the pathogenesis of furazolidone-induced toxicosis in ducklings
Authors: Webb Dale M. , Van Vleet John F. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Clinical and pathologic alterations during the development of furazolidone-induced toxicosis were investigated in a group of 35 newly hatched male Pekin ducklings fed a ration containing 700 mg of furazolidone/kg of feed for 27 days. A control group (n = 25) was fed the same ration without added furazolidone. Every 3 days, ducklings were weighed and palpated for ascites and 3 were chosen at random for euthanasia to determine the severity of lesions and to obtain hearts for gross measurements and ultrastructural study. Clinical alterations in treated ducklings consisted of decreased feed consumption with lower weight gain and nervous signs. Gross pathologic alterations included cardiomegaly with dilatation of all chambers and thinning of the myocardium, pericardial effusion, pulmonary edema and congestion, ascites, and testicular enlargement. Gross lesions were not observed before day 8. The earliest lesion (day 9) was cardiac chamber dilatation, with the left ventricle and left atrium most commonly and most severely dilated. Hearts from ducklings euthanatized on days 6, 12, 18, 24, and 27 were examined ultrastructurally. Myofibrillar lysis was first observed on day 12 in 1 duckling (of 3) and in at least 1 duckling from subsequent euthanasia periods. Myofibrillar lysis did not appear to be uniform among the cardiac chambers.
Association of environmental air contaminants with disease and productivity in swine
Authors: Donham Kelley J. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
A cross-sectional epidemiologic study associating air quality with swine health was conducted on 28 swine farms in southern Sweden. Correlation of housing air environment to swine diseases and productivity (data collected over the preceding 12 months) were investigated.
The most prevalent swine health problems detected at slaughter were pneumonia and pleuritis. In farrowing and nursery operations, the most prevalent problem was neonatal pig mortality. Several air contaminants (dust, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and microbes) were found to be correlated with these swine health problems. Maximal safe concentrations of air contaminants were estimated on the basis of dose-response correlation to swine health or human health problems. Recommended maximal concentrations of contaminants were: dust, 2.4 mg/m3; ammonia, 7 ppm; endotoxin, 0.08 mg/m3; total microbes, 105 colony-forming units/m3; and carbon dioxide, 1,540 ppm.
The overall quality of the ventilation system was correlated with lower concentration of ammonia, carbon dioxide, microorganisms, and endotoxin, but not with dust concentrations.
High animal density was related to high ammonia and air microbe concentrations. Animal density measured as kilograms of swine per cubic meter (compared with kilograms of pig weight or swine per square meter) had the highest correlation to animal health and air contaminants.
Routes and prevalence of shedding of psittacine beak and feather disease virus
Authors: Ritchie Branson W. , Niagro Frank D. , Latimer Kenneth S. , Steffens W. L. , Pesti Denise , Ancona Joni , Lukert Phil D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) virus was recovered from the feces and crop washings from various species of psittacine birds diagnosed with pbfd. High concentrations of the virus also could be demonstrated in feather dust collection from a room where 22 birds with active cases of pbfd were being housed. The virions recovered from the feces, crop, and feather dust were confirmed to be pbfd virus by ultrastructural, physical, or antigenic characteristics. Virus recovered from the feather dust and feces hemagglutinated cockatoo erythrocytes. The specificity of the agglutination was confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition, using rabbit antibodies against pbfd virus. During the test period, 26% (8 of 31) of the birds screened were found to be excreting pbfd virus in their feces, and 21% (3 of 14) of crop washings were positive for pbfd virus. Some birds in the sample group had active cases of diarrhea, whereas others had normal-appearing feces. Diarrhea was found to be the only significant indicator of whether a bird was likely to be excreting virus from the digestive tract. These findings suggest that exposure of susceptible birds to pbfd virus may occur from contact with contaminated feather dust, feces, or crop secretions. Viral particles that were morphologically similar to parvovirus (20- to 24 nm-icosahedral nonenveloped virions) also were recovered from feces of some of the birds.
Characterization and classification of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae plasmids
Authors: Ishii Hiroshi , Hayashi Fujio , Iyobe Shizuko , Hashimoto Hajime 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae plasmids were characterized and classified. They were isolated from A pleuropneumoniae strains different in serotype, year isolated, or location from which isolated. Six of 8 plasmids encoded streptomycin (Sm) and sulfonamide (Su) resistance (SmSu). One of the other plasmids, pVM105, encoded ampicillin (Ap) resistance and another, pHM0, encoded no drug resistance. All SmSu plasmids were transferred to Escherichia coli strains by transformation. Among them, pABO and pMS260 were 8.1 kb and incompatible with each other; they were stable in E coli. The other SmSu plasmids, pHM1, pVM104, pVM106, and pKD25, were 4.3 kb and did not replicate stably in E coli. The former SmSu plasmids were mobilized in E coli strains by a plasmid RP4, which belonged to incompatibility (Inc) group P, but the latter plasmids were not. Further, each 8.1-kb SmSu plasmid and each 4.3-kb plasmid had the same respective restriction pattern. These results indicated that there were at least 2 types of SmSu plasmids in A pleuropneumoniae. The 2 types were classified in 2 groups: H1(pMS260 and pABO) and H2(pHM1, pVM104, pVM106, and pKD25). The H1 and H2 plasmids belonged to different Inc groups, and H2 plasmids belonged to a different Inc group from that of pHM0 and pVM105.
Replacement of chloride deficit by use of 1.8% NaCl to correct experimentally induced hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in sheep
Authors: Fubini S. L. , Smith D. F. , Grohn Y. T. , Levine S. A. , Deuel D. M. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Five adult 40- to 50-kg female sheep were surgically fitted with a reentrant cannulae placed in the proximal part of the duodenum just distal to the pylorus. By diversion of abomasal outflow, this model has been shown to produce hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis accompanied by dehydration, hypokalemia, and hyponatremia. Each sheep was subjected to 3 separate, 12-hour iv treatment trials, in each case preceded by a control period of 48 hours, and a diversion period of 36 to 96 hours, during which a hypochloremic (Cl− ≤ 60 ± 2 mEq/L) metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia and hyponatremia was produced.
Treatment 1, consisting of 6 L of isotonic Na gluconate, was designed to replace volume without replenishing the Cl− deficit. Although hydration improved, plasma Cl− decreased further, and the sheep became increasingly weak and depressed. Treatment 2, consisting of 2 L of 1.8% NaCl, was designed to replace the Cl− deficit without replacing total volume. Plasma Na+ and Cl− concentrations returned to normal during the 12 hours of treatment; acid-base balance and plasma K+ concentrations returned to normal within 36 hours of treatment. During treatment 3 (control, no treatment), measured metabolic values changed minimally. We concluded that the iv replacement of Cl− without K+ is effective in the correction of experimentally induced hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in sheep.
Ultrasonographic examination of the right kidney in cows
Authors: Braun U. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
To determine the position, dimensions, and structure of the right kidney in cattle by use of ultrasonography, the right kidney of 11 healthy Brown Swiss cows was examined 10 times within 2 weeks. A 3.5- and 5.0-MHz linear and convex transducer was placed on the right side of the cow in the lumbar region, in the paralumbar fossa, and in the last intercostal space. The echogenicity of various renal structures differed. The lobulation of the kidney in cattle could be visualized ultrasonographically; however, the cortex and medulla could not be differentiated. The distance between body surface and the right kidney was almost 3 times larger (5.3 ± 1.71 cm, mean ± sd) in the lumbar region than in the paralumbar fossa (1.8 ± 0.52 cm). The vertical diameter of the kidney was remarkably smaller (5.1 ± 0.47 cm) than the horizontal diameter (9.4 ± 0.98 cm). In 7 cows, the thickness of the renal cortex and medulla was between 1.9 and 2.1 cm. The medullary pyramids could be visualized when the transducer was placed in the paralumbar fossa. Fourteen of 19 variables measured had a coefficient of variation between 8 and 14%. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic values determined in this study can be used as references for the diagnosis of morphologic changes in the right kidney of domestic dairy cattle.
Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with a radiometric assay for determination of the effect of intra-articular administration of corticosteroid and saline solution on synovial fluid hyaluronate concentration in horses
Authors: Tulamo Riitta-Mari 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Two recently developed direct methods, radioassay—125I-labeled hyaluronic acid binding protein (125I-habp)—and high-performance liquid chromatography (halc), were used to assess and compare the concentration of hyaluronate (ha) in synovial fluid of horses. Also determined were changes in the ha concentration in an experimental treatment model involving physiologic saline solution (pss)-irrigated or methylprednisolone acetate-injected tarsocrural joints of clinically normal horses. Serum ha concentration was determined simultaneously, using the 125I-habp assay.
Synovial fluid ha concentration values obtained by use of the hplc method were approximately double the values obtained by use of 125I-habp assay. Correlation (r = 0.819) between the 2 methods was highly significant (P < 0.001; linear regression analysis) for all samples studied and for various experimental subgroups. When pure ha standards were used, correlation between the 2 methods was close to 1 (r = 0.965; P < 0.001), with higher values obtained by use of the 125I-habp assay. It is suggested that the ha binding protein derived from endogenous cartilage proteoglycan interferes with the 125I-habp assay on synovial fluid, resulting in excessively low values, compared with those obtained using the hplc procedure.
Intra-articular injection of methylprednisolone acetate significantly (P < 0.01) increased synovial fluid ha concentration at 24 hours after injection. Increase was also detected after pss irrigation, but owing to wide intersubject variation, this increase was not significant. The hplc procedure, which provides simultaneous information about the concentration and degree of polymerization of ha, is recommended for the study of synovial fluid, whereas the 125I-habp assay is more suitable for serum ha analysis.
Comparison of antigens of Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 grown in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Confer Anthony W. , Durham Janet A. , Clarke Cyril R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
To determine whether antigenic differences exist in Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 grown in different culture conditions, the bacteria was grown on solid enriched medium, in broth culture, and in tissue chambers subcutaneously implanted in the flanks of calves. The organisms obtained by each culture method were comparable with respect to encapsulation and lipopolysaccharide content. In the bacteria grown in vivo, several unique high molecular-mass (> 150 kDa) protein antigens were found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblotting. Bacteria grown in vitro had higher concentrations of a 49- and a 26-kDa protein than the organisms grown in vivo. The concentration of several major proteins (30, 42, 55, 71, and 100 kDa) were similar among the organisms grown by the three cultural conditions. Although the high molecular-mass antigens were unique for the chamber-grown bacteria, they were recognized by serum from a calf that had been vaccinated with formalin-killed, solid medium-grown P haemolytica and were resistant to challenge exposure with the live organism. This recognition of antigens by serum from the P haemolytica-resistant calf that had been vaccinated with solid-medium-grown bacterium indicates that the high molecular-mass antigens from chamber-grown P haemolytica may be precursors of or share antigenic determinants with other P haemolytica proteins and may not be important for consideration in vaccine formulation.
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis isolated from fetuses of infected cows not manifesting signs of the disease
Authors: Sweeney Raymond W. , Whitlock Robert H. , Rosenberger Ann E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Fetuses were obtained from 58 cows that were fecal culture-positive for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, but were not manifesting signs of paratuberculosis. Fetal tissues from 5 of 58 cows were culture-positive for M paratuberculosis. All 5 culture-positive fetuses were from cows that were classified as heavy fecal shedders (5/28; 17.8%). Difference in prevalence of fetal infection between light (< 70 colonies/tube) and heavy fecal shedders was significant (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). Association was not evident between serologic status of the dam and prevalence of fetal infection.
In infected cows without signs of paratuberculosis, fetal infection develops with lower frequency than previously reported for cows with clinical signs of the disease. In this study, fetal infection was found only in cows that were heavy fecal shedders.
Experimental reproduction of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome in pregnant sows
Authors: Christianson W. T. , Collins J. E. , Benfield D. A. , Harris L. , Gorcyca D. E. , Chladek D. W. , Morrison R. B. , Joo H. S. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The purpose of this study was to experimentally reproduce swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (sirs). Six multiparous sows were intranasally inoculated at 93 days of gestation with lung homogenates from clinically affected pigs, and 3 additional sows were similarly inoculated with a virus isolated in cell culture from the lung homogenate (sirs virus, isolate ATCC VR-2332). Inoculated sows developed transient anorexia, farrowed up to 7 days prematurely, and delivered a mean of 5.8 live pigs and 6.0 dead fetuses/litter. Clinical signs of disease were not observed in 3 sham-inoculated control sows that delivered a mean of 12.7 live pigs and 0.3 stillborn fetuses/litter The sirs virus was isolated from 50 of 76 live-born and stillborn fetuses from the 9 infected litters. Virus was not isolated from 26 autolyzed fetuses or 15 control pigs. Six of 9 inoculated sows developed neutralizing antibodies to sirs virus. The reproductive effects found in these experiments were identical to those found in field cases. On the basis of our findings, virus isolate ATCC VR-2332 causes the reproductive failure associated with sirs.
Thromboxane and prostacyclin production in ponies with colonic volvulus
Authors: Stick J. A. , Arden W. A. , Robinson R. A. , Shobe E. M. , Roth R. A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Effects of 1 hour of colonic volvulus and 3 hours of reperfusion on concentrations of thromboxane (txb2) and prostacyclin (6-keto-PGFlα) in portal, pulmonary arterial, and jugular blood were determined by radioimmunoassay to assess the site of production and clearance of these eicosanoids from the circulation in 5 anesthetized ponies. Colonic volvulus had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure or txb2 concentrations, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations in all blood samples. Immediately after colonic reperfusion, all eicosanoid concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Then, txb2 returned to baseline values, whereas 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations remained significantly (P < 0.05) high for the remainder of the study. Eicosanoid concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in portal blood than in pulmonary arterial and jugular blood samples at all periods. This suggests that the splanchnic circulation is the primary site of eicosanoid production during and after colonic volvulus and the liver appears to provide most of the circulatory clearance of thromboxane and prostacyclin.
192Iridium brachytherapy, using an intracavitary afterload device, for treatment of intranasal neoplasms in dogs
Authors: Thompson James P. , Ackerman Norman , Bellah Jamie R. , Beale Brian S. , Ellison Gary W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
After surgical removal of a primary intranasal neoplasm an implant device, designed to deliver 192iridium (192Ir) brachytherapy, was positioned in the nasal cavity of 8 dogs. Ribbons containing 192Ir seeds were placed in the device, using an afterloading technique. Dosimetry, to a dose of 7,000 to 10,000 centiGray (cGy), was calculated to encompass the site previously occupied by the tumor and a 1-cm margin of surrounding normal tissue. The quantity of 192Ir implanted varied between 16.69 and 100.80 mg of radium equivalent. The duration of implantation ranged from 90 to 168 hours. All dogs tolerated the implant well, but had a mucoid nasal discharge after radiotherapy. The implant device allowed rapid application and removal of the radioactive ribbons. Mean (± sd) radiation exposure to each radiotherapist during seed loading and unloading was 14.4 (± 5.3) and 4.5 (± 0.9) mrem, respectively. A uniform dose distribution around the intranasal implant device was achieved; however, dogs that received doses in excess of 9,400 cGy at the dorsolateral surface of the nose and/or hard palate had bone and soft tissue necrosis between 70 and 120 days after treatment. One dog was euthanatized 50 days after treatment because of metastatic disease, and 2 dogs were euthanatized because of local tumor recurrence at 125 and 212 days. Death, considered unrelated to treatment, occurred in 1 dog that was euthanatized 27 days after treatment and in 3 dogs that died 30, 93, and 456 days after treatment. Necropsy was performed on 3 of these dogs and evidence of intranasal neoplasia was not observed. One dog remained disease-free at 587 days after treatment.
Splenectomy in cattle via transthoracic approach
Authors: Thompson J. R. , Kersting K. W. , Wass W. M. , Davis I. A. , Plumlee K. H. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Sixty-eight cattle under general anesthesia were splenectomized. The transthoracic approach was used to provide better access to the spleen and to facilitate ligature of the major splenic vessels. The procedure was easier and less time-consuming, compared with other surgical approaches, and is considered to be less stressful to the animals. Postoperative recovery was complete in 67 of 68 cattle. After surgery, 1 animal developed respiratory tract disease that was thought to have been unrelated to the surgery.
Effects of estradiol 17ß implants on hematologic values and the chemiluminescence response of neutrophils of steers
Authors: Angel K. L. , Schumacher J. , Wolfe D. F. , Kleeiue P. H. , Tyler J. W. , Carson R. L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effects of subcutaneous administration of a commercially available estradiol 17ß implant on hematologic values and the chemiluminescence response of neutrophils were evaluated in 14 steers. Chemiluminescence and hematologic values were measured in treated (n = 8) and nontreated (n = 6) steers on days – 14, – 7, and – 1 prior to implantation. Estradiol 17ß was implanted into the treated group of steers on day 0, and blood samples were obtained from all steers on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, 43, and 50. The concentration of estrogen in serum was significantly (P = 0.0120) higher following implantation. Chemiluminescence and hematologic indices were not significantly affected by either implant status or serum concentrations of estrogen. The results of this study suggested that the use of implants containing estradiol 17ß for promotion of weight gain in steers will not result in alterations of hematologic values or the neutrophil respiratory burst.
Effect of changes in urine pH on plasma pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium in horses
Authors: Sarasola Patxi , Horspool Linda J. I. , McKellar Quintin A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The effect of urine pH on plasma disposition of ampicillin sodium was evaluated. A single dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight was administered iv to Thoroughbreds with alkaline (pH > 8.0) or acidic (pH < 4.5) urine. Urine alkalinity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of sodium bicarbonate/kg/d, and acidity was achieved and maintained by oral administration of up to 400 mg of ammonium chloride/kg/d.
Ampicillin sodium was measured in the plasma of horses by use of an agar diffusion microbiological assay with Bacillus subtilis as the test organism. The plasma disposition kinetics of ampicillin sodium best fitted a 2-exponential decay pattern, and statistically significant differences were not evident in elimination half-life, area under the plasma concentration time curve, volume of distribution, or body clearance rate between horses with alkaline or acidic urine.
Results indicate that changes in urine pH over a range encountered in clinically normal horses are unlikely to affect plasma pharmacokinetic variables of ampicillin sodium after iv administration of the drug.