bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASE STUDY OF THE CONVERGENCY OF NONLINEAR PERTURBATION SERIES: MORSE–FESHBACH NONLINEAR SERIES
Authors: RATH BISWANATH 
Published: April 2003

We study the divergent behavior of the Morse–Feshbach nonlinear perturbation series (MFNS) [P. M. Morse and H. Feshbach, Methods of Theoretical Physics, Part II (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953)] for producing convergent energy levels using the ground state of a quartic anharmonic oscillator (AHO) in the strong coupling limit. Numerical calculations have been done up to tenth order. Further comparison of the MFNS convergent result has been made with the matrix diagonalization method.
ON THE RECOVERY OF MOTION AND STRUCTURE WHEN CAMERAS ARE NOT CALIBRATED
Authors: BOUFAMA BOUBAKEUR S. 
Published: April 2003

This paper addresses the problem of computing the camera motion and the Euclidean 3D structure of an observed scene using uncalibrated images. Given at least two images with pixel correspondences, the motion of the camera (translation and rotation) and the 3D structure of the scene are calculated simultaneously. We do not assume the knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of the camera. However, an approximation of these parameters is required. Such an approximation is all the time available, either from the camera manufacturer's data or from former experiments. Classical methods based on the essential matrix are highly sensitive to image noise. This sensitivity is amplified when the intrinsic parameters of the cameras contain errors. To overcome such instability, we propose here a method where a particular choice of a 3D Euclidean coordinate system with a different parameterization of the motion/structure problem allowed us to reduce significantly the total number of unknowns. In addition, the simultaneous calculation of the camera motion and the 3D structure has made the computation of the motion and structure less sensitive to the errors in the values of the intrinsic parameters of the camera. All steps of our method are linear. However, a final nonlinear optimal step might be added to improve the accuracy of the results and to allow the orthogonality of the rotation matrix to be taken into account. Experiments with real images validated our method and showed that a good quality motion/structure can be recovered from a pair of uncalibrated images. Intensive experiments with simulated images have shown the relationship between the errors on the intrinsic parameters and the accuracy of the recovered 3D structure.
Imipramine-Associated Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Dean Charles E , Grund Frank M 
Published: April 2003

OBJECTIVE: To inform clinicians of the potential for severe and persistent facial hyperpigmentation with the long-term use of imipramine. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old white male veteran with a history of paranoid schizophrenia was referred to the psychiatry service by a dentist who thought that the patient was both cyanotic and psychotic. The history and biopsy results indicated the possibility of imipramine-associated hyperpigmentation, only the second reported case in a male patient. The presentation was complex, with a history of neuroleptic exposure and multiple signs of parkinsonism. A brain single photon-emission computed tomography scan demonstrated frontal lobe hypermetabolism and bilateral caudate hypermetabolism, which normalized 14 months later. Despite discontinuation of imipramine, the patient continued to appear cyanotic, leading to worsening social isolation. He became known as “the man with the purple face.” On his rare ventures outside the home, he was embarrassed by sporadic calls to 911 by persons fearing he was ill. DISCUSSION: Although facial hyperpigmentation secondary to the use of phenothiazines has been reported frequently, it is much less common with imipramine, and is very rare in males. Failure to recognize this adverse reaction led to continuing treatment with imipramine and to an apparently irreversible condition. The brain imaging findings have no link with the hyperpigmenting process, but raise questions about neuroleptic-induced metabolic changes in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians need to be aware of rare adverse reactions such as hyperpigmentation, and be prepared to take appropriate and early action to prevent such reactions from becoming irreversible.
Sub‐regional seasonal precipitation linkages to SOI and PDO in the Southwest United States
Authors: Brown David P. , Comrie Andrew C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis paper highlights the relationship between precipitation variability at the sub‐regional level in the Southwest United States and the SOI and PDO climate teleconnection indices during the period 1950–2000. Statistical correlations at α = 0.05 and 0.01 levels are calculated for fall, winter, and spring precipitation in the Southwest, and contemporaneous and antecedent seasonal SOI and PDO index values. A strong SOI‐winter precipitation signal is seen to progress across Arizona and New Mexico from southwest to northeast over a three‐season lagged period. The PDO also exhibits a strong relationship with winter and spring precipitation in New Mexico; however, the PDO is not well correlated with precipitation in Arizona. The results underscore the non‐uniform spatio‐temporal relationships of the SOI and PDO indices as they relate to the precipitation regime of the Southwest, and provide a framework for future diagnostic analyses of these relationships. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
Holocene Vegetation and Paleoclimatic and Paleomagnetic History from Lake Johnston, Tasmania
Authors: Anker Sharon A. , Colhoun Eric A. , Barton Charles E. , Peterson Mike , Barbetti Mike 
Published: April 2003

AbstractLake Johnston cirque contains some of the best subalpine rainforest in Tasmania. Pollen from the sediments showsLagarostrobos franklinii, which presently reaches 1040 m, may be a glacial relict.Nothofagus cunninghamii–Nothofagus gunniisubalpine rainforest developed between 9000 and 600014C yr B.P., with a maximum at 870014C yr B.P. After 600014C yr B.P.Nothofagus gunniibecame more important, and from 360014C yr B.P. sclerophyll and heath components increased. Partial burning of the catchment occurred periodically. Early Holocene climate was warmer and wetter than late Holocene climate. The vegetation and climate changes are similar to those recorded from western South Island New Zealand and Chile. Radiocarbon dates give a sedimentation rate of 0.43 mm/yr. Cores are correlated by magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic ages are assigned by matching with the14C-dated secular variation master curve for southeastern Australia. Magnetic ages are consistent with the14C chronology when the former are adjusted by 350 years.
Identification of Disseminated Trego Hot Springs Tephra in the Palouse, Washington State
Authors: King Matthew , Busacca Alan J. , Foit Franklin F. , Kemp Rob A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTephra layers form important chronostratigraphic marker horizons within the Wisconsinan loess-paleosol stratigraphy of the Palouse, Washington State. This paper details the presence of disseminated glass shards of the Trego Hot Springs tephra that has not previously been recognized within the Palouse or environs. The tephra provides additional chronological control for the regional Late Wisconsinan stratigraphy and raises the possibility of correlating the paleoclimatic proxy record contained within the Palouse to those of lake sequences in Oregon, California, and Nevada.
The Magnitude and Proximate Cause of Ice-Sheet Growth Since 35,000 yr B.P.
Authors: Winograd Isaac J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe magnitude of late Wisconsinan (post-35,000 yr B.P.) ice-sheet growth in the Northern Hemisphere is not well known. Ice volume at ∼35,000 yr B.P. may have been as little as 20% or as much as 70% of the volume present at the last glacial maximum (LGM). A conservative evaluation of glacial–geologic, sea level, and benthic δ18O data indicates that ice volume at ∼35,000 yr B.P. was approximately 50% of that extant at the LGM (∼20,000 yr B.P.); that is, it doubled in about 15,000 yr. On the basis of literature for the North Atlantic and a sea-surface temperature (SST) data compilation, it appears that this rapid growth may have been forced by low-to-mid-latitude SST warming in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, with attendant increased moisture transport to high latitudes. The SST ice-sheet growth notion also explains the apparent synchroneity of late Wisconsinan mountain glaciation in both hemispheres.
European vegetation during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage-3
Authors: Huntley Brian , Alfano Mary Jo , Allen Judy R.M , Pollard Dave , Tzedakis Polychronis C , de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis , Grüger Eberhard , Watts Bill 
Published: April 2003

AbstractEuropean vegetation during representative “warm” and “cold” intervals of stage-3 was inferred from pollen analytical data. The inferred vegetation differs in character and spatial pattern from that of both fully glacial and fully interglacial conditions and exhibits contrasts between warm and cold intervals, consistent with other evidence for stage-3 palaeoenvironmental fluctuations. European vegetation thus appears to have been an integral component of millennial environmental fluctuations during stage-3; vegetation responded to this scale of environmental change and through feedback mechanisms may have had effects upon the environment. The pollen-inferred vegetation was compared with vegetation simulated using the BIOME 3.5 vegetation model for climatic conditions simulated using a regional climate model (RegCM2) nested within a coupled global climate and vegetation model (GENESIS-BIOME). Despite some discrepancies in detail, both approaches capture the principal features of the present vegetation of Europe. The simulated vegetation for stage-3 differs markedly from that inferred from pollen analytical data, implying substantial discrepancy between the simulated climate and that actually prevailing. Sensitivity analyses indicate that the simulated climate is too warm and probably has too short a winter season. These discrepancies may reflect incorrect specification of sea surface temperature or sea-ice conditions and may be exacerbated by vegetation–climate feedback in the coupled global model.
Paleoclimate reconstruction based on the timing of speleothem growth and oxygen and carbon isotope composition in a cave located in the rain shadow in Israel
Authors: Vaks Anton , Bar-Matthews Miryam , Ayalon Avner , Schilman Bettina , Gilmour Mabs , Hawkesworth Chris J , Frumkin Amos , Kaufman Aaron , Matthews Alan 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHigh-resolution 230Th/234U ages and δ18O and δ13C compositions of speleothems in Ma’ale Efrayim Cave located to the east of the central mountain ridge of Israel enable us to examine the nature of the rain shadow aridity during glacial and interglacial intervals. Speleothem growth occurred during marine glacial isotopic periods, with no growth during the two last marine isotope interglacial intervals and during the peak of the Last Glacial Maximum. This contrasts with speleothem growth in caves located on the western flank of the central mountain ridge, in the Eastern Mediterranean semiarid climatic zone, which continued throughout the last 240,000 yr. Thus, during glacial periods water reached both sides of the central mountain ridge. A comparison of the present-day rain and cave water isotopic compositions and amounts at the Ma’ale Efrayim Cave site with those on the western flank shows that evaporation and higher temperatures on the eastern flank are major influences on isotopic composition and the lack of rainfall. The δ18O and δ13C profiles of the speleothems deposited between 67,000 and 25,000 yr B.P. match the general trends of the isotopic profiles of Soreq Cave speleothems, suggesting a similar source (eastern Mediterranean Sea) and similar climatic conditions. Thus, during glacial periods the desert boundary effectively migrated further south or east from its present-day location on the eastern flank, whereas interglacial periods appear to have been similar to the present, with the desert boundary at the same position. The decrease in overall temperature and a consequent reduction in the evaporation to precipitation ratios on the eastern flank are viewed as the major factors controlling the decay of the rain shadow effect during glacial periods.
Bilaterally increased VEGF‐levels in muscles during experimental unilateral callus distraction
Authors: Hansen‐Algenstaedt Nils , Algenstaedt Petra , Böttcher Antje , Joscheck Claudia , Schwarzloh Britta , Schaefer Christian , Müller Ingo , Koike Chieko , Rüther Wolfgang , Fink Bernd 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAngiogenesis is essential for wound healing and proliferative processes such as bone formation and repair. Since increased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates bone formation, it can be hypothesized that surgical procedures leading to a systemic increase of VEGF for instance during wound healing, influence enchondral ossification processes and might be responsible for observed growth phenomena during callus distraction. To study the mechanisms of angiogenesis in soft tissue during unilateral callus distraction, lengthening of the right tibia was performed in 12 beagles. After osteotomy, application of a ring fixator and after five latency days, distraction was started for 25 days. A control group of four additional beagles underwent no surgical procedure. Subsequent to the distraction period (Group A), muscle samples from six beagles were taken from the distracted side (ds) and the contralateral non‐distracted side (n‐ds), six beagles underwent an additional consolidation period of 25 days (Group B). Samples were analyzed for VEGF, VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA expression using real‐time PCR and protein expression using Western Blot analysis. Muscles from both extremities showed significantly increased expression of VEGF and its cognate receptors VEGFR‐½. Expression decreased significantly after the consolidation period, whereby the level at the non‐distracted side decreased more than the level at the distracted side. Interestingly VEGF and VEGFR‐1 levels at the non‐distracted side were significantly higher than at the distracted side. In contrast VEGFR‐2, the receptor that mediates endothelial cell proliferation, showed higher levels at the distracted than at the non‐distracted side. These findings indicate that callus distraction results not only in locally increased expression of VEGF and its receptors, but leads also to increased VEGF and VEGFR‐½ levels at distant sides and might therefore be responsible for the observed growth phenomena during callus distraction. © 2003 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The effect of ownership structure on firm performance: Additional evidence
Authors: Han Ki C. , Suk David Y. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article examines the effect of ownership structure on corporate performance, using stock returns as a measure of performance. Based on the 1988–1992 sample period, we find that the level of insider ownership is positively related to stock returns. This result suggests that as managers' equity ownership increases, their interests coincide more with those of outside shareholders. But we also find that the square of the level of insider ownership is inversely related to stock returns, indicating that excessive insider ownership rather hurts corporate performance probably due to the problem associated with managers' entrenchment. Finally, we find that stock returns are positively related to institutional ownership, indicating that institutional owners are active in monitoring management.
Trading volume and firm‐specific announcements: Implications for the market model
Authors: Helmuth John A. , Robin Ashok J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe market model is commonly used in finance to study events and to evaluate security performance. With daily data, it is not uncommon to find low R‐squares, in the range 0–10%. Prior studies have attempted to improve the fit of the model by excluding observations associated with high trading volume. In this study, we compare the results of the high‐volume‐exclusion approach with the more direct firm‐specific announcement exclusion approach. The announcement approach excludes observations associated with Wall Street Journal Index news items regarding the firm. By excluding the [−1,0] fays relative to such news in a sample of 68 firms, we find that R‐squares increase significantly by about 5%. By excluding the days relative to earnings announcements only, R‐squares increase by about 4%. These results are then compared to the high‐volume‐exclusion approach. It is found that this approach is more efficient as an 8% increase in R‐squares is produced.The results of this study provide valuable evidence to empiricists by comparing the two approaches to improving the fit of the market model. The high‐volume ‐exclusion approach provides higher R‐squares. However, the relative efficiency of the two approaches should be balanced against the arguments for the methodologically correct approach. The advantage of using the firm‐specific announcement exclusion approach is that there is more confidence of excluding only firm‐specific movements from the estimation of the market model. It also allows a researcher to quickly and unambiguously identify the announcements and delete the corresponding observations. Furthermore, we find that about 50% of the improved fit, relative to the volume approach, can be accomplished by excluding earnings announcements. The methodological disadvantage of using the high‐volume‐exclusion approach is that it is affected not only by firm‐specific announcements but also by other factors, such as the heterogeneity of investor expectations. These factors may influence the choice of using firm‐specific announcements rather than the high‐volume approach despite the lower increment in R‐squares.
Does money matter in developing economies? Some evidence from the Solow estimator
Authors: Darrat Ali F. , Al‐Yousif Yousif K. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBuilding on the Solow seminal approach for estimating the output elasticity of money stock and on Startz's (1984) implementation of it, this article explores the role of money in the production process in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Due to lack of necessary data on interest rates in these countries, we use alternative measures of credit constraints as proxies. In contrast to Startz's conclusion for the U.S., our empirical results systematically reveal significant output elasticities of money in each of the three developing countries under study. This is consistent with the neoclassical monetary theory and its incorporation of real money balances as an important input in the production function. Moreover, as the McKinnon‐Shaw hypothesis contends, money appears to be complementary to physical capital in the three developing countries. Hence, policy‐makers must not hinder the development of their money (financial) markets if they desire to promote economic growth.
Origins of Nurse‐Midwifery in the United States and its Expansion in the 1940s
Authors: Dawley Katy 
Published: April 2003

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the origins of nurse‐midwifery in the United States during the early decades of the 20th century and explores professional expansion between 1940 and 1950. Nurse‐midwifery emerged from the vision of public health nurses, obstetricians, and social reformers concerned about high maternal and infant mortality rates at the turn of the century. Desirous of promoting child health, they provided prenatal care for pregnant women and assisted physicians, while also supporting women during labor and birth at home. Seeking to expand their specialty by introducing nurse‐midwifery, they joined the campaign to eliminate traditional immigrant and African American midwives. By the early 1930s, there were only two sites for the practice of nurse‐midwifery in the United States: Frontier Nursing Service and Maternity Center Association. Over the next 20 years, nurse‐midwifery expanded in response to physician shortages, the emergence of a childbirth education movement, and women's demands for participation in birth. In the 1940s, the greatest expansion occurred in the South and Southwest in home birth, birthing centers, and an occasional community hospital.
Individual characteristics in occupational accidents due to imbalance: a case-control study of the employees of a railway company
Authors: Gauchard G C , Chau N , Touron C , Benamghar L , Dehaene D , Perrin PhP , Mur J-M 
Published: April 2003

Background:Falls are frequent occupational accidents, and are responsible for a significant amount of lost working time and, more importantly, for a high mortality. The factors involved in falling mechanisms can be of external or individual origin, the latter being less well identified.Aims:To assess the relations between certain individual characteristics and occupational accidents due to imbalance.Methods:A total of 427 male employees, who had been victims of at least one occupational accident with sick leave due to imbalance (cases) and 427 controls were recruited among the employees of a large French railway company. A standardised questionnaire on life conditions and professional factors, and a description of the accidents was filled in by an occupational physician for each subject.Results:Some job categories were more affected by a specific release mechanism of work related falls. Certain individual characteristics such as smoking, alcohol consumption, inactivity, sleep disorders, and request for a job change were correlated with the occurrence of occupational accidents. Sick leaves of eight days or over were more frequent in older and overweight injured workers. Some lesions were linked with the specific fall released mechanisms.Conclusions:Individual characteristics can increase the risk of occupational accidents, especially falling. This study identified subjects most at risk on whom prevention related to working conditions and falls could be focused.
SINGLE SPARTICLE AND LEPTOQUARK PRODUCTION IN e+e- COLLISIONS UP TO $\sqrt{s} = 202~GeV$ WITH THE DELPHI DETECTOR
Authors: PAPADOPOULOU THEODORA D. 
Published: April 2003

Searches for single sparticle productions occuring in R-violating supersymmetry, have been performed, using the data collected by the DELPHI detector at LEP up to [Formula: see text]. In particular, the resonant sneutrino production and subsequent decay to a single chargino or neutralino are studied, and limits on the R-parity violating couplings, at 95% CL, are presented. Relevant aspects on the R-violating squark and on a scalar Leptoquark single production are given. A direct search for the single production of scalar and vector Leptoquarks has been performed and limits are derived on the masses and couplings of the Leptoquark states within two different frameworks, based on the direct (pertubative) and the resolved photon contribution.
DIRAC FIELDS IN THE BACKGROUND OF A MAGNETIC FLUX STRING AND SPECTRAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Authors: BENEVENTANO C. G. , DE FRANCIA M. , SANTANGELO E. M. 
Published: April 2003

We study the problem of a Dirac field in the background of an Aharonov–Bohm flux string. We exclude the origin by imposing spectral boundary conditions at a finite radius then shrinked to zero. Thus, we obtain a behavior of the eigenfunctions which is compatible with the self-adjointness of the radial Hamiltonian and the invariance under integer translations of the reduced flux. After confining the theory to a finite region, we check the consistency with the index theorem, and evaluate its vacuum fermionic number and Casimir energy.