bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local habitat composition and complexity outweigh seascape effects on fish distributions across a tropical seascape
Authors: Moustaka Molly , Evans Richard D. , Kendrick Gary A. , Hyndes Glenn A. , Cuttler Michael V. W. , Bassett Tahlia J. , O’Leary Michael J. , Wilson Shaun K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
The distribution of animals is influenced by a complex interplay of landscape, environmental, habitat, and anthropogenic factors. While the effects of each of these forces on fish assemblages have been studied in isolation, the implications of their combined influence within a seascape remain equivocal.

Objectives
We assessed the importance of local habitat composition, seascape configuration, and environmental conditions for determining the abundance, diversity, and functional composition of fish assemblages across a tropical seascape.

Methods
We quantified fish abundance in coral, macroalgal, mangrove, and sand habitats throughout the Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. A full-subsets modelling approach was used that incorporated data from benthic habitat maps, a hydrodynamic model, in situ measures of habitat composition, and remotely sensed environmental data to evaluate the relative influence of biophysical drivers on fish assemblages.

Results
Measures of habitat complexity were the strongest predictors of fish abundance, diversity, and assemblage composition in coral and macroalgal habitats, with seascape effects playing a secondary role for some functional groups. Proximity to potential nursery habitats appeared to have minimal influence on coral reef fish assemblages. Consequently, coral, macroalgal, and mangrove habitats contained distinct fish assemblages that contributed to the overall diversity of fish within the seascape.

Conclusions
Our findings underscore the importance of structural complexity for supporting diverse and abundant fish populations and suggest that the value of structural connectivity between habitats depends on local environmental context. Our results support management approaches that prioritise the preservation of habitat complexity, and that incorporate the full range of habitats comprising tropical seascapes.
Key questions for understanding drivers of biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships across spatial scales
Authors: Mitchell Matthew G. E. , Qiu Jiangxiao , Cardinale Bradley J. , Chan Kai M. A. , Eigenbrod Felix , Felipe-Lucia María R. , Jacob Aerin L. , Jones Matthew S. , Sonter Laura J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContextBiodiversity loss is predicted to have significant impacts on ecosystem services based on previous ecological work at small spatial and temporal scales. However, scaling up understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem service (BES) relationships to broader scales is difficult since ecosystem services emerge from complex interactions between ecosystems, people, and technology.ObjectivesIn order to inform and direct future BES research, identify and categorise the ecological and social-ecological drivers operating at different spatial scales that could strengthen or weaken BES relationships.MethodsWe developed a conceptual framework to understand the potential drivers across spatial scales that could affect BES relationships and then categorized these drivers to synthesize the current state of knowledge.ResultsOur conceptual framework identifies ecological/supply-side and social-ecological/demand-side drivers, and cross-scale interactions that influence BES relationships at different scales. Different combinations of these drivers in different contexts will lead to a variety of strengths, shape, and directionality in BES relationships across spatial scales.ConclusionsWe put forward four predictions about the spatial scales that the effects of biodiversity, ecosystem service management, ecosystem co-production, and abiotic linkages or effects will be most evident on BES relationships and use these to propose future directions to best advance BES research across scales.
Advancing the optimization of urban–rural ecosystem service supply-demand mismatches and trade-offs
Authors: Fang Guangji , Sun Xiao , Sun Ranhao , Liu Qinghua , Tao Yu , Yang Peng , Tang Huajun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Context
Intensified human activities have disrupted landscape patterns, causing a reduction in the supply of ecosystem services (ESs) and an increase in demand, especially in urban agglomerations. This supply-demand imbalance will eventually lead to unsustainable landscapes and needs to be optimized.

Objective
Based on ES supply-demand mismatch and trade-off relationships across urban–rural landscapes, this study explored which ESs need to be optimized and identified priority restoration regions of ESs that require optimization to promote landscape sustainability in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration.

Methods
A methodological framework for ES supply-demand optimization in urban–rural landscapes was developed. urban–rural landscapes were identified using Iso cluster classification tool. ES supply was quantified using biophysical models and empirical formulas, and demand was quantified through consumption and expectations. Restoration Opportunities Optimization Tool was then adopted to identify priority regions.

Results
From 2000 to 2020, most of ES supply were lowest in urban areas and highest in rural areas, while demand exhibited the opposite. Although supply was increasing, it did not match demand. ES deficits were dominant in urban areas; both deficits and trade-offs were dominant in urban–rural fringe; and trade-offs were dominant in rural areas. There were 13,175 km2 of priority regions distributed in urban–rural landscapes, and their spatial heterogeneity was influenced by ES deficits and trade-offs.

Conclusion
Differences in ESs supply-demand relationships affected the necessity of optimizing ESs zoning in urban–rural landscapes. Assigning weights reasonably according to trade-off curves to determine priority regions could facilitate both efficient use of resources and sustainable ES management for urban–rural regions.
Egg White Hydrolysate Mitigates Cadmium-induced Neurological Disorders and Oxidative Damage
Authors: Pinheiro Júnior José Eudes Gomes , Sosa Priscila Marques , das Neves Ben-Hur Souto , Vassallo Dalton Valentim , Peçanha Franck Maciel , Miguel-Castro Marta , Mello-Carpes Pâmela Billig , Wiggers Giulia Alessandra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe aimed to investigate whether the consumption of Egg White Hydrolysate (EWH) acts on nervous system disorders induced by exposure to Cadmium (Cd) in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into (a) Control (Ct): H2O by gavage for 28 days + H2O (i.p. − 15th − 28th day); (b) Cadmium (Cd): H2O by gavage + CdCl2 − 1 mg/kg/day (i.p. − 15th − 28th day); (c) EWH 14d: EWH 1 g/kg/day by gavage for 14 days + H2O (i.p.- 15th − 28th day); (d) Cd + EWH cotreatment (Cd + EWHco): CdCl2 + EWH for 14 days; (e) EWH 28d: EWH for 28 days; (f) EWHpre + Cd: EWH (1st − 28th day) + CdCl2 (15th − 28th day). At the beginning and the end of treatment, neuromotor performance (Neurological Deficit Scale); motor function (Rota-Rod test); ability to move and explore (Open Field test); thermal sensitivity (Hot Plate test); and state of anxiety (Elevated Maze test) were tested. The antioxidant status in the cerebral cortex and the striatum were biochemically analyzed. Cd induces anxiety, and neuromotor, and thermal sensitivity deficits. EWH consumption prevented anxiety, neuromotor deficits, and alterations in thermal sensitivity, avoiding neuromotor deficits both when the administration was performed before or during Cd exposure. Both modes of administration reduced the levels of reactive species, and the lipid peroxidation increased by Cd and improved the striatum’s antioxidant capacity. Pretreatment proved to be beneficial in preventing the reduction of SOD activity in the cortex. EWH could be used as a functional food with antioxidant properties capable of preventing neurological damage induced by Cd.
Contingentism and paraphrase
Authors: Werner Jonas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne important challenge for contingentists is that they seem to be unable to account for the meaning of some apparently meaningful modal discourse that is perfectly intelligible for necessitists. This worry is particularly pressing for higher-order contingentists, contingentists who hold that it is not only contingent which objects there are, but also contingent which semantic values there are for higher-order variables to quantify over. Objections against higher-order contingentism along these lines have been presented in Williamson (Mind 119(475):657–748, 2010; Modal logic as metaphysics, Oxford University Press, 2013, ch. 7), and Fritz and Goodman (Mind 126(504):1063–1108, 2017). This paper presents a way for contingentists to respond to these challenges. The upshot is that the contingentist can account for the meaningfulness of the problematic modal claims by pretending necessitism to be true, but in some cases it turns out to be indeterminate whether they are true. I defend this strategy against the objections against pretence-strategies presented in Fritz and Goodman (Mind 126(504):1063–1108, 2017, §4). Furthermore, I defend the plausibility of the resulting indeterminacy from the contingentist’s perspective.
Optimized transgene expression in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum and efficient recombinant protein secretion into the culture medium
Authors: Hammel Alexander , Neupert Juliane , Bock Ralph 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicroalgae represent a promising but yet underexplored production platform for biotechnology. The vast majority of studies on recombinant protein expression in algae have been conducted in a single species, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, due to epigenetic silencing, transgene expression in Chlamydomonas is often inefficient. Here we have investigated parameters that govern efficient transgene expression in the red microalga Porphyridium purpureum. Porphyridium is unique in that the introduced transformation vectors are episomally maintained as autonomously replicating plasmids in the nucleus. We show that full codon optimization to the preferred codon usage in the Porphyridium genome confers superior transgene expression, not only at the level of protein accumulation, but also at the level of mRNA accumulation, indicating that high translation rates increase mRNA stability. Our optimized expression constructs resulted in YFP accumulation to unprecedented levels of up to 5% of the total soluble protein. We also designed expression cassettes that target foreign proteins to the secretory pathway and lead to efficient protein secretion into the culture medium, thus simplifying recombinant protein harvest and purification. Our study paves the way to the exploration of red microalgae as expression hosts in molecular farming for recombinant proteins and metabolites.
Deep N acquisition in cultivated grasslands: Uptake of slow-release 15N-labeled ammonium in hemiboreal monospecific leys
Authors: Byers Erin , Dörsch Peter , Eich-Greatorex Susanne , Bleken Marina A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aims
To develop a methodology to study uptake and redistribution by plants of NH4+ from deep soil, applying it to investigate deep root N uptake by cultivated grassland species.

Methods
A slow-release 15NH4+ label adsorbed to clinoptilolite was placed into soil (depth 42 cm) well below the densest root zone in well-established monospecific stands of five grass and two clover species. Species showing a variety of deep rooting patterns, N acquisition strategy, forage qualities, and persistence in hemiboreal conditions were chosen. The label was placed in early spring and tracked throughout one or two growing seasons in two repeated experiments.

Results
After two growing seasons ~ 90% of the label was tracked in the soil and harvested herbage of grasses, less in clovers. Deep N uptake was limited in spring, increased during mid-season, and was strongest in autumn in all species, despite lower herbage yield in autumn. Species differed in ability to recover and maintain 15N in the soil–plant system. In one growing season, Lolium perenne L., Phleum pratense L., Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P.Beauv. and Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort herbage recovered ~ 65% of the label, Poa pratensis L. 54%, and Trifolium pratense L. and Trifolium repens L. 36–48%. Label transport to topsoil was observed, mainly attributable to plant nutrient redistribution rather than physical diffusion.

Conclusions
The innovative slow-release 15N label enabled tracing species differences and seasonal changes in uptake of NH4+ from deep soil. Among the tall-growing grasses, growth vigor appeared as important for deep N uptake as expected root depth.
Thermodynamic model: steam and oxidative reforming of methane over nickel catalyst
Authors: Rakhi  , Mauss Fabian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we have used a thermodynamic model for the first time to investigate the steam and oxidative reforming of methane over a nickel catalyst in a wide temperature range, i.e., 400–1200 K. The available literature focus on the kinetic models and hence, thermodynamic models require attention to understand the behaviour of the thermochemistry of the species involved in the mechanism. This study presents the comparison between the species concentration produced using the thermodynamic model against the available kinetic model to validate the results. The investigation is further extended, firstly, to perform the sensitivity analysis of the reactions involved in a thermodynamic model to figure out the most influential reactions at various temperatures and pressures. This allows us to compare the most influencing reactions in reforming process for kinetic and thermodynamic model to optimize the processes. Secondly, the reaction flow analysis is carried out for the thermodynamic model to comprehend the effect of the thermochemistry of the species and the major difference in the reaction pathways for both the models are noted.
Research output and economic growth in technological laggard contexts: a longitudinal analysis (1980–2019) by type of research
Authors: Pinto Tânia , Teixeira Aurora A. C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe literature on the impact of research output (RO) on economic growth (EG) has been rapidly expanding. However, the single growth processes of technological laggard countries and the mediating roles of human capital (HC) and structural change have been overlooked. Based on cointegration analyses and Granger causality tests over 40 years (1980–2019) for Portugal, five results are worth highlighting: (1) in the short run, RO is critical to promote EG; (2) the long run relation between RO and EG is more complex, being positive and significant in the case of global and research fields that resemble capital goods (Life, Physical, Engineering & Technology, and Social Sciences), and negative in the case of research fields that resemble final goods (Clinical & Pre-Clinical Health, and Arts & Humanities); (3) existence of important short run mismatches between HC and scientific production, with the former mitigating the positive impact of the latter on EG; (4) in the long run, such mismatches are only apparent for ‘general’ HC (years of schooling of the population 25 + years), with the positive association between RO and EG being enhanced by increases in ‘specialized’ HC (number of R&D researchers); (5) structural change processes favouring industry amplify the positive (long-run) association and (short-run) impact of RO on EG. Such results robustly suggest that even in technologically laggard contexts, scientific production is critical for economic growth, especially when aligned with changes in sectoral composition that favour industry.
Detailed parallel social modeling for the analysis of COVID-19 spread
Authors: Cublier Martínez Aymar , Carretero Jesús , Singh David E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAgent-based epidemiological simulators have been proven to be one of the most successful tools for the analysis of COVID-19 propagation. The ability of these tools to reproduce the behavior and interactions of each single individual leads to accurate and detailed results, which can be used to model fine-grained health-related policies like selective vaccination campaigns or immunity waning. One characteristic of these tools is the large amount of input data and computational resources that they require. This relies on the development of parallel algorithms and methodologies for generating, accessing, and processing large volumes of data from multiple data sources. This work presents a parallel workflow for extending the social modeling of EpiGraph, an agent-based simulator. We have included two novel parallel social generation stages that generate a detailed and realistic social model and one new visualization stage. This work also presents a description of the algorithms used in each stage, different optimization techniques that permit to reduce the application convergence time, and a practical evaluation of large workloads on HPC systems. Results show that this contribution can be efficiently executed in parallel architectures and the results allow to increase the simulation detail level, representing a significant advance in the simulator scenario modeling. As a summary of results, the first contribution of this paper is the development of two models (a spatial and a social one) that assign geographical and socioeconomic indicators to each simulated individual (i.e., agents), reproducing the real social distribution of the city of Madrid. The second contribution presents an improved parallel and distributed algorithm that executes the two aforementioned models using different parallelization strategies and preserving the load balance.
The omniscient speaker puzzle
Authors: Domosławski Aleksander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe epistemicist theory aims to explain ignorance due to vagueness by semantic plasticity: the shiftiness of intensions across close possible worlds resulting from shiftiness in usage. This explanation is challenged by the Omniscient Speaker Puzzle (Sennet in Philos Stud 161(2):273–285, 2012). Suppose that an omniscient speaker, Barney, who knows all the facts about usage and how these facts determine the intensions of expressions, cooks up a scheme to stabilise the intension of a normally semantically plastic term like ‘rich’. It seems that ‘rich’ would display all the phenomena associated with vagueness without being semantically plastic, thus making the epistemicist explanation of ignorance due to vagueness insufficient. In this paper, I present a few choice points for epistemicism that arise as a result of the puzzle.
A taxonomic study of Fulvifomes (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) in the Federated States of Micronesia and identification of two new species
Authors: Suh Hannah , Cho Yoonhee , Seo Chang Wan , Kim Dohye , Lee Hyi-Seung , Lim Young Woon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Fulvifomes (Hymenochaetaceae) is a genus that was separated from Phellinus in the early 2000s based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large ribosomal subunit (nLSU) analyses. Species recognition in the genus is challenging without molecular analysis due to general absence of discrete morphological characteristics. In this study, we examined Fulvifomes diversity in the Federated States of Micronesia (FS Micronesia), primarily found in the tropical and subtropical regions. Seven Fulvifomes species were confirmed: two new species, one unrecorded species and four species previously reallocated to Fulvifomes from other genera. We provide sequences including data on two protein-coding genes (RNA polymerase II; RPB2 and translation elongation factor-1 alpha; TEF1), nLSU and different conspecific ITS types.
Beetlehangers.org: harmonizing host–parasite records of Harmonia axyridis and Hesperomyces harmoniae
Authors: de Groot Michiel D. , Christou Maria , Pan Jeffrey Y. , Adriaens Tim , Maes Dirk , Martinou Angeliki F. , Roy Helen E. , Verbeken Annemieke , Haelewaters Danny 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCitizen science is an increasingly powerful tool to gather large quantities of biological data and to engage the public. The number of citizen science initiatives has rapidly increased in the last 15 years. Invasive alien species such as the harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), provide a particularly good opportunity for broad-scale use of such initiatives. Harmonia axyridis is parasitized by a fungus, Hesperomyces harmoniae (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales), that can be found throughout the range of its host. Here we present Beetlehangers.org, a website and data repository where we combine observations of He. harmoniae from literature, online databases, and citizen science initiatives, including new records of both Ha. axyridis and He. harmoniae. Whereas Ha. axyridis is now present in 86 countries across six continents (including seven new country records), the distribution of its parasite He. harmoniae comprises 33 countries in five continents (including two new country records since its description in 2022). We explore spatiotemporal trends of He. harmoniae in light of these records. Finally, we discuss challenges and new opportunities for citizen science in relation to species interactions such as these and provide future perspectives for the website as a home for future Laboulbeniales research and outreach.
Acute stress transiently activates macrophages and chemokines in cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Dohi Akihiro , Noguchi Tadahide , Yamashita Masako , Sasaguri Kenichi , Yamamoto Toshiharu , Mori Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAcute restraint stress (RS) is routinely used to study the effects of psychological and/or physiological stress. We evaluated the impact of RS on cervical lymph nodes in rats at molecular and cellular levels. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to stress by immobilization for 30, 60, and 120 min (RS30, RS60, and RS120, respectively) and compared with rats of a no-stress control (C) group. The expression of genes encoding chemokines CXCL1/CXCL2 (Cxcl1 and Cxcl2) and their receptor CXCR2 (Cxcr2) was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and microarray analyses. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed to determine the expression of these proteins and the macrophage biomarker CD68. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of 514 and 496 genes was upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the RS30 group. Compared with the C group, the RS30 group exhibited a 23.0-, 13.0-, and 1.6-fold increase in Cxcl1, Cxcl2, and Cxcr2 expression. Gene Ontology analysis revealed the involvement of these three upregulated genes in the cytokine network, inflammation, and leukocyte chemotaxis and migration. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of Cxcl1 and Cxcl2 were significantly increased in the RS30 group but were reverted to normal levels in the RS60 and RS120 groups. Cxcr2 mRNA level was significantly increased in the RS30 and RS120 groups compared with that in the C group. RS-induced CXCL1-immunopositive cells corresponded to B/plasma cells, whereas CXCL2-immunopositive cells corresponded to endothelial cells of the high endothelial venules. Stress-induced CXCR2-immunopositive cells corresponded to macrophages. Psychological and/or physiological stress induces an acute stress response and formation of an immunoreactive microenvironment in cervical lymph nodes, with the CXCL1/CXCL2–CXCR2 axis being pivotal in the acute stress response.