bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenic activation revealed by FGFR2 genetic alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas
Authors: Pu Xiaohong , Qi Liang , Yan Jia Wu , Ai Zihe , Wu Ping , Yang Fei , Fu Yao , Li Xing , Zhang Min , Sun Beicheng , Yue Shen , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Except for gene fusions, FGFR2 genetic alterations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) have received limited attention, leaving patients harboring activating FGFR2 gene mutations with inadequate access to targeted therapies.

Experimental design
We sought to survey FGFR2 genetic alterations in ICC and pan-cancers using fluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing. We conducted an analysis of the clinical and pathological features of ICCs with different FGFR2 alterations, compared FGFR2 lesion spectrum through public databases and multicenter data, and performed cellular experiments to investigate the oncogenic potential of different FGFR2 mutants.

Results
FGFR2 gene fusions were identified in 30 out of 474 ICC samples, while five FGFR2 genetic alterations aside from fusion were present in 290 ICCs. The tumors containing FGFR2 translocations exhibited unique features, which we designated as the “FGFR2 fusion subtypes of ICC”. Molecular analysis revealed that FGFR2 fusions were not mutually exclusive with other oncogenic driver genes/mutations, whereas FGFR2 in-frame deletions and site mutations often co-occurred with TP53 mutations. Multicenter and pan-cancer studies demonstrated that FGFR2 in-frame deletions were more prevalent in ICCs (0.62%) than in other cancers, and were not limited to the extracellular domain. We selected representative FGFR2 genetic alterations, including in-frame deletions, point mutations, and frameshift mutations, to analyze their oncogenic activity and responsiveness to targeted drugs. Cellular experiments revealed that different FGFR2 genetic alterations promoted ICC tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis but responded differently to FGFR-selective small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs).

Conclusions
FGFR2 oncogenic alterations have different clinicopathological features and respond differently to SMKIs.
Enhanced shifted Jacobi operational matrices of derivatives: spectral algorithm for solving multiterm variable-order fractional differential equations
Authors: Ahmed H. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new way to solve numerically multiterm variable-order fractional differential equations (MTVOFDEs) with initial conditions by using a class of modified shifted Jacobi polynomials (MSJPs). As their defining feature, MSJPs satisfy the given initial conditions. A key aspect of our methodology involves the construction of operational matrices (OMs) for ordinary derivatives (ODs) and variable-order fractional derivatives (VOFDs) of MSJPs and the application of the spectral collocation method (SCM). These constructions enable efficient and accurate numerical computation. We establish the error analysis and the convergence of the proposed algorithm, providing theoretical guarantees for its effectiveness. To demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of our method, we present five numerical examples. Through these examples, we compare the results obtained with other published results, confirming the superiority of our method in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The suggested algorithm yields very accurate agreement between the approximate and exact solutions, which are shown in tables and graphs.
Bleeding skin lesions in gestating sows of a piglet producing farm in Austria
Authors: Schwarz Lukas , Hamar Flora , Bernreiter-Hofer Tanja , Loncaric Igor , Arnold Mirjam , Voglmayr Thomas , Ladinig Andrea 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, occurs in pig producing countries worldwide. While in cattle the impact of this blood sucking insect is quite well described, its role in pig production is poorly investigated. Here we describe a case of a massive stable fly overpopulation in the gestation unit of a piglet producing farm in Austria that resulted in bleeding skin lesions in bitten sows.

Case Presentation
In October 2021, the responsible herd veterinarian of the case farm reported of sows in the gestation area presenting with bloody crusts on the whole skin surface of the body and of bleeding skin lesions. 33/55 sows were affected by moderate to severe skin lesions. Reproductive performance decreased during the time of massive stable fly overpopulation. Sows in the gestation unit showed defensive behaviour and at a certain time point resigned and accepted being bitten by stable flies. After controlling the fly population, reproductive performance improved and even exceeded the performance before the massive overgrowth of the stable fly population.

Conclusions
Stable flies are a serious harm to pigs and should be kept in mind for improved animal health and welfare. Knowledge about the determination of Stomoxys calcitrans and early recognition of an increasing stable fly population in pig farming systems followed by proper insect control measures have to be performed to reduce losses caused by this harming insect.
Influence of women empowerment on childhood (12–23 months) immunization coverage: Recent evidence from 17 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Amoah Abigail , Issaka Jacob , Ayebeng Castro , Okyere Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
There is a global consensus that child immunization plays an important role in promoting the health and well-being of children. Despite the quintessential role of immunization, not all children receive full immunization coverage. We examined the association between women empowerment and childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
The most recent Demographic and Health Survey data of 17 SSA countries were used for the analysis, with a sample of 19,223. The outcome and exposure variables were full immunization coverage and women empowerment, respectively. Full immunization was computed from percentage of children between the ages of 12 and 23 months who had received the following vaccines at any point in time: one dose of Bacille Calmette–Guérin, three doses of the vaccine protecting against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus or the tetravalent/pentavalent vaccine, three doses of the polio vaccine, and one dose of the measles vaccine (either as a standalone measles vaccine or as part of a combination with other immunogens). Women’s empowerment was an index of labour participation, acceptance towards spousal violence, decision-making capacity and general knowledge level. Descriptive analysis and multilevel logistic regression were performed. Results were reported in adjusted odds ratio with a corresponding 95% confidence interval.

Results
The study found that 56.6% of children were fully immunized. Children of employed mothers were 1.16 times more likely to be fully immunized. Children of mothers with higher acceptance toward violence were less likely to be fully immunized [aOR = 0.90, CI 0.81, 0.99]. The odds of full immunization were higher among children born to mothers with high [aOR = 1.11, CI 1.01, 1.22] decision-making capacity. Higher odds of full immunization were found among children born to mothers with medium [aOR = 1.24, CI 1.13, 1.36] to high [aOR = 1.44, CI 1.27, 1.63] general knowledge level.

Conclusions
We conclude that empowering women through livelihood empowerment interventions can increase their decision-making capacity and foster their resolve to ensure the full immunization of their children. This can be achieved by consciously investing in initiatives such as vocational training programs, job placement services, or support for entrepreneurship initiatives to encourage and support women's workforce participation.
Applying the World Stroke Organization roadmap in planning a model for stroke service implementation in Matrouh Governorate-Egypt: a World Stroke Organization young future stroke leaders’ analytical study
Authors: Roushdy Tamer , Alet Matías J. , Lotlikar Radhika , Ramage Emily , Ullberg Teresa , Mosconi Maria Giulia , Li Linxin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The global incidence of stroke is on the rise, primarily due to an increase in the aging population and the prevalence of vascular risk factors among the elderly. However, stroke is a treatable condition if promptly recognized and managed effectively. To optimize stroke management, it is crucial to establish a well-prepared infrastructure comprising adequately trained physicians working in collaboration with multidisciplinary teams. Equipped stroke units, easily accessible emergency medical services with a stroke code, and interconnected telestroke networks, further enhance stroke care delivery. Along with the current study, conducted by a task force from the World Stroke Organization’s Future Stroke Leaders Program, an assessment of the stroke infrastructure within Matrouh governorate in Egypt for stepwise implementation of stroke services, based on the World Stroke Organization’s stroke roadmap took place. The study consisted of two levels: Level One involved analyzing existing gaps that may impede the implementation of stroke services, while Level Two proposed strategies to address these gaps using a problem-solving approach.

Results
The study identified the Matrouh governorate as a suitable region for stroke service implementation. The region exhibits a blend of urban and rural areas and is geographically distant from major healthcare centers. Matrouh also possesses a diverse population, subject to seasonal variations. Currently, it offers a mix of minimum and essential stroke services, which can be expanded and improved through a step-by-step approach guided by the World Stroke Organization’s stroke roadmap.

Conclusions
Mapping stroke infrastructures allows for the identification of potential gaps to optimize the potential for implementation of stroke services.
Global phylodynamics of two relevant aphid-transmitted viruses in cucurbit crops: cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus and watermelon mosaic virus
Authors: Rabadán M. P. , Gómez P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) are major plant pathogens that cause severe epidemics in cucurbit crops. While there has been an increasing interest in molecular epidemiological studies on both viruses at regional scales, their phylodynamic analysis by using the temporal data at global scale remains unexplored. In this study, we implemented the Nextstrain phylodynamic approach to comprehensively examine the coat protein gene and full-length genome sequences of the CABYV and WMV worldwide populations. Our analyses reconstructed a robust phylogeny of CABYV and confirmed the occurrence of isolates grouped into three clusters (Asian, Mediterranean, and Recombinant). Nextstrain analysis suggested that CABYV epidemics likely originated in Southeast Asia in fourteenth century, while the Mediterranean population emerged in Spain in seventeenth century. We also found a high divergence between Asian and Mediterranean isolates, with low genetic diversity and scarce evidence of selection, as reflected by the lack of gene flow. Moreover, the hierarchical analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant differentiation between CABYV populations grouped by geographical location and plant host. Additionally, the global phylogenetic reconstruction of the WMV population confirmed a clear differentiation among isolates, which grouped into two clusters (classical and emergent), and Nextstrain analysis suggested that WMV epidemics were most probably originated in USA during the sixteenth century. The initial WMV population diverged in the eighteenth century, with the origin of the emergent population in the nineteenth century. Our analysis confirmed that WMV population has a polyphyletic origin, defining an extensive genetic diversity. Overall, this work provides insights into the CABYV and WMV origin and evolutionary dynamics, gaining an understanding of the global spread of both viral diseases. Additionally, the integration of all spatio-temporal CABYV and WMV data, along with their genome sequence data by open access (https://github.com/PiR92) and the Nextstrain approach, provides a valuable tool for compiling and sharing current knowledge of these viral diseases in cucurbit crops.
Machine learning algorithm and neural network architecture for optimization of pharmaceutical and drug manufacturing industrial effluent treatment using activated carbon derived from breadfruit (Treculia africana)
Authors: Ovuoraye Prosper Eguono , Ugonabo Victor Ifeanyi , Fetahi Endrit , Chowdhury Ahmad , Tahir Mohammad Abdullah , Igwegbe Chinenye Adaobi , Dehghani Mohammad Hadi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a recent development, attention has shifted to the application of artificial intelligence for the optimization of wastewater treatment processes. This research compared the performances of the machine learning (ML) model: random forest, decision tree, support vector machine, artificial neural network, convolutional neural network, long-short term memory, and multiple linear regressors for optimization in effluent treatment. The training, testing, and validation datasets were obtained via the design of an experiment conducted on the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) from pharmaceutical effluent. The breadfruit-activated carbon (BFAC) adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The predictive capacity of an ML algorithm, and neural network architecture implemented to optimize the treatment process using statistical metrics. The results showed that MSE ≤ 1.68, MAE ≤ 0.95, and predicted-R2 ≥ 0.9035 were recorded across all ML. The ML output with minimum error functions that satisfied the criterion for clean discharge was adopted. The predicted optimum conditions correspond to BFAC dosage, contact time, particle size, and pH of 2.5 mg/L, 10 min, 0.60 mm, and 6, respectively. The optimum transcends to a reduction in TDS concentration from 450 mg/L to a residual ≤ 40 mg/L and corresponds to 90% removal efficiency, indicating ± 1.01 standard deviation from the actual observation practicable. The findings established the ML model outperformed the neural network architecture and affirmed validation for the optimization of the adsorption treatment in the pharmaceutical effluent domain. Results demonstrated the reliability of the selected ML algorithm and the feasibility of BFAC for use in broad-scale effluent treatment.
Thoracoscopic sublobar resection for congenital bronchial atresia in adults: a report of three cases
Authors: Samejima Hironobu , Ose Naoko , Nagata Hideki , Funaki Soichiro , Shintani Yasushi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Congenital bronchial atresia (CBA) is a rare bronchial abnormality. Adult patients with CBA generally do not show any symptoms. Although surgical resection is the first-line treatment, the indication for the surgical intervention is controversial, especially in mildly symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. Recently, thoracoscopic surgery is the commonly preferred approach to treat this condition.

Case presentation
Case 1: A woman in her 20s suffered from repeating episodes of fever and cough due to left CBA with the interruption of B9 and B10. Uniportal thoracoscopic left lower lobe wedge resection was performed, following which the symptoms disappeared. Case 2: A woman in her 40s presented to the clinic with dyspnea on exertion, and the computed tomography image revealed the absence of B2. Multiportal thoracoscopic right S2 segmentectomy was performed on her, after which the symptoms of dyspnea improved. Case 3: A woman in her 40s visited the hospital with symptoms of intermittent cough, sputum, and slight fever for 7 months. The examinations identified the absence of B6a. Right S6 segmentectomy and S2 wedge resection were carried out by multiportal thoracoscopic approach. The patient is now asymptomatic.

Conclusions
Based on our experiences in the three adult CBA surgery cases, the three-dimensional image reconstruction system is very useful for diagnosis and surgical decisions with regard to this disease. Even for CBA patients with subtle symptoms, early surgical treatments may be beneficial from the point of view of minimally invasive interventions, and sublobar resection will be sufficient for treatments and preservation of respiratory function.
Effect and Interactions of BRAF on Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Authors: Li Pengyu , Liu Yang , Wei Tao , Wang Xiaofei , Zhu Jingqiang , Yang Rui , Gong Yanping , Zhao Wanjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Context
The role of B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is unknown.

Objective
We aimed to explore risk factors affecting lymph node (LN) metastasis and interaction effect of BRAF in PTC patients with HT.

Methods
We retrospectively collected the data of 994 PTC patients with HT who underwent surgery at the West China Hospital. We analyzed the correlations between preoperative characteristics and LN metastasis in overall, and different BRAFV600E-mutation patients. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the risk factors for LN metastasis. Finally, we performed an interaction effect analysis to identify the interaction effect of BRAF.

Results
The overall LN metastasis rate was 52.71% (524/994); the overall BRAF mutation rate was 26.9% (268/994). BRAF mutation rates were significantly different in LN metastasis and nonmetastasis patients (31.7% vs 21.5%; P &lt; .001). In all 994 patients, age, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, tumor maximum diameter, BRAF mutation, tumor location, aspect ratio, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors for LN metastasis (P &lt; .05). In BRAF-mutant patients, smoking, hypertension, maximum diameter, calcification, and multifocality were risk factors for LN metastasis (P &lt; .05). In BRAF wild-type patients, age, BMI, maximum diameter, tumor location, aspect ratio, tumor shape, calcification, and extrathyroidal invasion were risk factors (P &lt; .05). Additionally, we found statistically significant interactions between BRAF and BMI, hypertension, maximum diameter, and calcification (P &lt; .05), suggesting the potential interaction effect of BRAF.

Conclusion
BRAF is a risk factor for LN metastasis in PTC with HT. Meanwhile, BRAF can interact with age, BMI, hypertension, and calcification, which together influence LN metastasis.
A Novel Tissue-Specific Insight into Sex Steroid Fluctuations Throughout the Murine Estrous Cycle
Authors: Unger Christian A , Hope Marion C , Aladhami Ahmed K , Cotham William E , Socia Cassidy E , Rice Barton C , Clegg Deborah J , Velázquez Kandy T , LaVoie Holly A , Hollis Fiona , Enos Reilly T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Serum sex steroid levels fluctuate throughout the reproductive cycle. However, the degree to which sex steroid tissue content mimics circulating content is unknown. Understanding the flux and physiological quantity of tissue steroid content is imperative for targeted hormonal therapy development. Utilizing a gold-standard ultrasensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method we determined sex steroid (17β-estradiol [E2], testosterone, androstenedione, and progesterone) fluctuations in serum and in 15 tissues throughout the murine estrous cycle (proestrus, estrus, and diestrus I) and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We observed dynamic fluctuations in serum and tissue steroid content throughout the estrous cycle with proestrus generally presenting the highest content of E2, testosterone, and androstenedione, and lowest content of progesterone. In general, the trend in circulating steroid content between the stages of the estrous cycle was mimicked in tissue. However, the absolute amounts of steroid levels when normalized to tissue weight were found to be significantly different between the tissues with the serum steroid quantity often being significantly lower than the tissue quantity. Additionally, we found that OVX mice generally displayed a depletion of all steroids in the various tissues assessed, except in the adrenal glands which were determined to be the main site of peripheral E2 production after ovary removal. This investigation provides a comprehensive analysis of steroid content throughout the estrous cycle in a multitude of tissues and serum. We believe this information will help serve as the basis for the development of physiologically relevant, tissue-specific hormonal therapies.
On Financial Bubbles and Earthworms: Lessons from Hungary’s Rural Pyramid during its Economic Transition
Authors: Harison Elad , Mihály Nikolett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the early 1990s, Former Eastern Bloc countries, including Hungary, experienced a broad transition from centrally-planned economies, managed by party-state bureaucracies, to privatised economies. Throughout the market liberalisation process, the Hungarian market embraced entrepreneurship as a mechanism for generating both private wealth and economic growth, despite a lack of experience and know-how in business management and financial education, made largely unavailable by the communist regime for more than 40 years. On these grounds, several Eastern European countries experienced the rise of Ponzi schemes. The Hungarian earthworm pyramid can serve as an interesting example of the financial pyramids that evolved during the transition of economies. However, some of the characteristics of the Hungarian earthworm pyramid suggest that it was a rather unique case when compared to other Eastern European pyramids during the economic transition period of post-communist nations. Our study concludes that, under different political and economic circumstances, the Hungarian bio-humus production by earthworms could potentially become a profitable venture, rather than a source for financial and societal damages.
Pregnancy and pregnancy intention after experiencing infertility: A longitudinal study of women in Malawi
Authors: Bornstein Marta , Gemmill Alison , Norris Alison H. , Huber-Krum Sarah , Gipson Jessica D. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Infertility is a common experience among individuals and couples. Infertility may resolve without intervention, but little is known about pregnancy intentions and incidence of pregnancy following infertility, particularly in low-resource settings.

Methods
Data come from UTHA, a longitudinal cohort study in Central Malawi, with baseline and follow up surveys conducted from 2014–2019 (N = 1,030 reproductive-aged women). We assessed bivariable and multivariable relationships between reported infertility at baseline and subsequent pregnancy and retrospective pregnancy intentions. Pregnancy intention was measured with the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP), a scale validated in Malawi (Range = 0–12).

Results
Approximately 20% of the sample reported that they had ever experienced infertility (tried to become pregnant for at least two years without conceiving in that time) at baseline. The proportion of women who reported a new pregnancy during the follow up period (mean = 4.3 years) was the same (65%) for women who had and had not experienced infertility. Among women who became pregnant, levels of pregnancy intendedness were similar between women who had and had not experienced infertility. Prospective desire for a/another child at baseline was associated with subsequent pregnancy (AOR: 1.59; 95%CI: 1.06–2.39) and was also associated with higher levels of pregnancy intendedness measured retrospectively (LMUP of 9.4 vs. 8.4).

Conclusions
Experienced infertility was not associated with differential odds of having a subsequent pregnancy or the intendedness of a subsequent pregnancy. Thus, women who have experienced infertility should be included in family planning programs and research to support all women in achieving their reproductive goals.