bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SERUM 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D ON VISUAL FIELDS IN MODERATE - HIGH MYOPIA
Authors: Simbolon Ahmad Musa , Sitepu Bobby Ramses Erguna , Lubis Rodiah Rahmawaty 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & ObjectivesMyopia is a visual impairment problem that constantly increases, causing global health problemsand economic burdens. Previous studies have concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated withdecreased visual acuity and visual function. To determine the relationship between serum 25(OH)Dlevels and visual fields in moderate to high myopia
MethodsThis study was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. Visual function testsperformed were visual acuity test, Humphrey visual field analyzer, and ELISA test for serum25(OH)D.
ResultsThe study consisted of 50 subjects with moderate to high myopia with 39 subjects was females (60%)and mean age of 26.62±3.70 years. The distribution of moderate myopia and high myopia was 30%and 20% with a mean spherical equivalent of -5.11±1.54 D. Twenty four subjects (48%) had serum25(OH)D deficiency, 1 subject (2%) had insufficiency of serum 25(OH)D with an average level of44.56±41.45 ng/ml. Fischer's Exact analysis on the right eye revealed 7 subjects (29.2%) had serum25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency with visual field defect (p=0.001). On the left eye, 6 subjects(25%) had serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency with visual field defect (p=0.132).
ConclusionThere was statistically significant relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and visual field inmoderate to high myopia in one eye.
CHANGES IN STEREOSCOPIC VISION TOWARDS STRABISMUS CORRECTION SURGERY IN DR MOHAMMAD HOESIN CENTER HOSPITAL, PALEMBANG
Authors: TRI KARTIKA UTOMO  , Dr. Linda Trisna, Sp.M, SubSp POS  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : This study aims to determine the improvement of binocular vision function after restoring the lost fusion with strabismus correction
Methods : A before and after design clinical trial study was carried out at the Eye Polyclinic of the Moh. Hoesin Hospital in Palembang from June 2021 to February 2022 with a sample of 16 people. Stereoscopic vision examination was carried out with the TNO Stereo Test (Toegepast Natuurwetenschappeelijk Onderzoek) examination before and after strabismus correction was carried out. Analysis of research results with SPSS version 22.0.
Results : In this study it was found that stereoscopic vision before surgery could improve significantly after strabismus correction and dichoptic training for 1 month (p<0.05) as much as 68.75%. Meanwhile, confounding factors such as the type of deviation, the magnitude of the deviation, the initial onset of the deviation and the duration of the deviation did not significantly influence the incidence of increased stereoscopic vision improvement in the study subjects (p<0.05).
Conclusion : There is an increase in the value of binocular vision in strabismus patients after strabismus surgery and undergoing dichoptic vision training for 1 month. Dichoptic training can improve the function of binocular vision.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CENTELLA ASIATICA EXTRACT ON IL-6 AS BIOLOGICAL MARKER OF POST OPERATIVE WOUND HEALING IN PERIORBITAL REGION
Authors: RATRI PRASETYA NINGRUM N  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Centella asiatica (CA) is considered as major herbal plant that beneficial on wound healing process. Wound healing process will stimulate inflammatory cells to release growth factors and cytokines, e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6). This aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of CA on IL-6 levels as a biological marker of postoperative wound healing in the periorbital region.
Methods : A double-blind, randomized controlled study on the first day of postoperative periorbital patients was conducted at the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang from March to June 2022. There were 30 patients who met inclusion criteria. The effectiveness of CA and placebo were analyzed using Wilcoxon test, while comparisons of the effectiveness were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test (SPSS ver. 22.0).
Results : No difference in age, sex, and IL-6 levels before treatment between the CA and placebo groups (p>.05). There was a decrease in IL-6 levels before and after CA administration (p=.005). There was an increase in IL-6 levels before and after giving placebo (p=.031). There was a difference in IL-6 levels between the CA and placebo groups (p=.004) after the intervention.
Conclusion : There is a difference in IL-6 levels after administration of systemic centella asiatica on periorbital postoperative wound healing in the first week.
How to boost your cataract surgical rates during pandemic covid-19
Authors: Kusuma Hendra , Armada Dhani , Kumala Marissa Mutiara 
Published: February 2024

Introduction & Objectives : Cataracts are the number one cause of blindness in the world and a big burden in Indonesia. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused the cessation of health services to eradicate blindness (cataract lock down). This article discusses how to develop eye care services in one of the red zones of blindness in South Sulawesi, specifically in Jeneponto district during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods : Observational research
Results : Establishment of a safety protocol that is implemented and promoted to the public continuously, especially through social media, was able to increase trust in health facilities and increase the number of cataract surgeries. It has been proven that since being implemented, the number of cataract surgeries has continued to increase, marked by an increase in cataract surgical rates (CSR) year by year: 2019 (921 CSR); 2020 (1401 CSR); 2021 (2628 CSR). This allows Jeneponto district to gradually get out from the red zone of blindness.
Conclusion : Social media is a powerful tool to increase cataract awareness and public trust, especially during Covid-19 pandemic.
Silent Progressive Glaucoma in Encephalofacial angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber Syndrome): A Vision-Preserving Trabeculectomy
Authors: Gunardi Triana Hardianti , Iskandar Ferdy , Herdian Felicia Sesi , Amanda Lia , Priscilla Florentina , Oktariana Virna Dwi 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Encephalofacial angiomatosis, also known as Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS), is a rare, non- hereditary condition affecting multiple organs. Glaucoma occurs in almost 70% SWS children, more commonly when the port-wine stain involves the upper eyelid skin. Secondary glaucoma was present due to elevated venous pressure.
Case Illustration : An 8-year-old boy with typical port-wine stain involving eyelid, came with recurrent painful right eye (RE) and headache in the past 3 months. He was diagnosed with SWS at 1 year and was on daily doses of carbamazepine and valproic acid for seizure control. His best visual acuity and intraocular pressure were 0.5/60 RE, 6/38 LE, 38 mmHg RE, 28 mmHg LE, respectively. Examination revealed Cup-disc-ratio (CDR) 0.9-1.0 RE and 0.5-0.6 LE. During the first three months, he showed favourable outcome with timolol and latanoprost (controlled IOP with target of <12 mmHg and markedly similar Cup-Disc Ratio). However, at 4th and 5th month visit, his IOP significantly increased despite of additional regiments, thus underwent trabeculectomy on both eyes for preserving his sight. After procedure, his IOP remained stable <12mmHg with maintained bleb, deep anterior chamber, also attached posterior segment.
Discussion : Treatments of secondary glaucoma of SWS typically involved surgery with significantly lower success rate compared to Primary Congenital Glaucoma. Trabeculectomy or tube shunt surgery should be performed with caution due to risks of choroidal effusion and hemorrhages.
Conclusion : Secondary glaucoma in children with SWS is common and challenging. Trabeculectomy should be pursued when the benefit outweighs the risks, even with a slim chance, to preserve the vision.
AI for Little Eyes: A Systematic Review of Deep Learning in Evaluating Pediatric Cataract
Authors: Dr. Eric Tjoeng, MRES  , DEVINS NUR ANNISA  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Pediatric or congenital cataract (CC) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in children worldwide. Deep learning (DL), a subfield of artificial intelligence, has the potential to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in various medical fields. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarise and evaluate the diagnostic and prediction capabilities of DL algorithms for CC.
Methods : From 1st February to 25th March 2023, a literature search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EMBASE, and EBSCO, as well as alternative sources such as Google Scholar. Search terms included “pediatric/congenital cataract”, “artificial intelligence", "deep learning", "convolutional neural network", “diagnosis”, "screening", "prediction" and other relevant synonyms. Quality assessment of studies were assessed based on CONSORT-AI and QUADAS-2. Outcomes extracted included accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC).
Results : Out of 69 studies screened, five studies with different study designs, dataset sizes, and type of DL algorithms employed were included in the systematic review. Most studies employed DL to analyse slit-lamp images to diagnose CC, while one study utilised DL to predict existence of CC from several risk factors. In silico, most studies demonstrated high accuracy and validity of DL algorithms in detecting and predicting CC; however, DL algorithm is not as accurate in diagnosing CC when compared to human counterparts. These studies had limited generalizability given the homogenous population.
Conclusion : DL shows potential as an adjunct tool for ophthalmologists to improve diagnosis and, therefore, treatment decisions for CC, particularly in remote and underdeveloped regions with limited medical resources.
Ocular Manifestations of Von Hippel-Lindau Disease: a Rare Sight- Threatening Condition
Authors: Elsyanty Firda Muthia , Widyanatha Made Indra , Ihsan Grimaldi , Virgana Rova , Iskandar Erwin , Kartasasmita Arief S. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare phacomatosis characterized by multi-organ neoplasia which usually manifests in young adulthood. Ocular manifestations of this disease are frequently presented initially before the involvement of other organ systems.
Case Illustration : An 18-year-old girl came with a chief complaint of photopsia in the left eye and complete vision loss in the right eye for five years. The visual acuity of the right eye was no light perception and the left eye was 0.8. The anterior segment of the right eye showed iris neovascularization. The posterior segment of the left eye demonstrated multiple elevated red-yellowish lesions fed by a dilated and tortuous vessel. The head CT scan revealed multiple lesions at the pons and cerebellum. The patient was diagnosed with multiple retinal and brain hemangioblastomas due to VHL disease, neovascular glaucoma, and chronic retinal detachment of the right eye due to sequelae of VHL. The patient was treated with cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation of the left eye. Five-month post-cryotherapy follow-up showed the lesions were still active then she underwent the second cryotherapy. The lesions became whitish in appearance with smaller feeder vessels one month after the second cryotherapy and the visual acuity was preserved.
Discussion : Retinal hemangioblastoma is the most common ocular manifestation of VHL disease. Prolonged ischemia causes sight-threatening complications including neovascular glaucoma and exudative retinal detachment. Prompt treatment of detected lesions is crucial for visual preservation.
Conclusion : Early detection of VHL ocular manifestations plays a critical role in establishing the diagnosis and initiating treatment for a better prognosis.
Diabetes, Diabetic Retinopathy, and Intravitreal Injection as a Risk Factor of Posterior Capsular Rupture in Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery :A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: NI LUH PUTU NURINDAH SUKMAWATI  , I Gusti Putu Eka Suryawan Widnyana  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : The risk of PCR in patients with diabetes and its sequential complication including diabetic retinopathy and Intravitreal Injection (IVI) was still under debate. This study was aimed to summarize the risk of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and intravitreal injection towards PCR events during phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
Methods : A systematic literature search was performed up to March 2023 from the last 10 years publications using Medline and Cochrane library databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and IVI with PCR events were calculated using random-effects models. The quality of included studies was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
Results : Six studies about diabetes, six studies about diabetic retinopathy and seven studies about IVI were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios of PCR in eyes with diabetes was 1.22 (95% CI: 1.16-1.28) I2 =0.0%, with the diabetic retinopathy patients was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.13-1.33) I2 =64.3%, and with prior IVI was 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03-1.08) I2 =51%.
Conclusion : This meta-analysis emphasize that diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, and previous IVI significantly increase the risk of PCR on future phacoemulsification surgery. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
INTRAVENOUS CORTICOSTEROID EFFECTS ON SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR RECTUS MUSCLE IN THYROID EYE DISEASE
Authors: Milzan Murtadha  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : Intravenous corticosteroid has been used in management of Thyroid Eye Diseases (TED) which was an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the orbital tissues and the eyes. Previous study has shown benefits of intravenous corticosteroid therapy on TED but there was need of quantitative measure to assess the effect of intravenous corticosteroid therapy on extraocular muscle. This study aimed to report the effect of high-dose intravenous corticosteroid pulse therapy on superior and inferior rectus muscle and providing data distribution of active TED before and after therapy
Methods : Retrospective analyses were used in the data collection of patients with active TED underwent high- dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy regiment 500mg every week for six consecutive weeks at Sardjito Eye Centre between January and December 2022. Ophthalmological investigation and quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan of the orbit were performed before and after corticosteroid pulse therapy and demographics data were presented in tables and graphs
Results : This study included 62 eyes of 31 patients (61,3% female) with mean age of 37.8±13.47 years old. The mean thickness of Superior Rectus (SR) muscle before therapy were 4.12±2.20 mm and decreased to 3.64±1.50 mm post therapy. The mean thickness of Inferior Rectus (IR) muscle before therapy were 4.45±1.80 mm and decreased to 4.26±1.63 mm post therapy. There was significant difference in mean ΔSR -0.47±1.84 mm (p=0.046) but not in ΔIR -0.18±1.69 (p=0.381)
Conclusion : The treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) with high dose intravenous corticosteroid is safe and effective in reducing extraocular muscle tissue thickness with minimal side effects.
A Case Report Intravitreal Anti VEGF Bevacizumab on Patient with Hypertension Retinopathy and Exudative Retinal Detachment
Authors: Sulamanda Ivan Chandra , Watania Dyana Theresia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : To present a case of intravitreal anti VEGF bevacizumab function on patient with hypertension retinopathy and exudative retinal detachment.
Case Illustration : A 29 years old man presented with chief complaint blurry vision with visual acuity 1/60 on both eyes. History of hypertension sinced one year ago and already got hemodialisa treatment twice a week sinced 6 months ago. Ophthalmic examination showed decreased vision on both eyes and posterior segment both eyes we can find macular star and papil edema. Patient had diagnosed with hypertension retinopathy scheie 4 and exudative retinal detachment both eyes.
Discussion : Hypertension will cause blood vessels to become damage in the form of sclerosis, thickening of blood vessel walls, and plasma leakage. Hypertension retinopathy acts as predictor of systemic morbidity and mortality due to organ target damage. Regulating systemic disease like blood pressure to become normal will improve clinical signs of hypertension retinopathy. Administration of anti-VEGF intravitreal injection therapy like bevacizumab can improve permeability of blood vessels in retina and decreased volume of exudate in retina. Visual acuity for this patient will improve to become 4/60 for both eyes.
Conclusion : Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to organ target damage, which one of that was eyes. Hypertension retinopathy can make complications like exudative retinal detachment if the blood pressure still uncontrolled. Management of exudative retinal detachment caused by hypertension retinopathy was giving intravitreal anti VEGF injection in eyes to repair breakdown of blood retinal barrier, and the blood pressure must be well controlled to maintain permeability of blood retinal barrier.
Comparative Validity of LEA Contrast Sensitivity Chart to Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Chart in Neuroophthalmology Patients
Authors: Lovenia Valencia  , Riski Prihatningtias  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Introduction & Objectives : The Pelli-Robson and LEA contrast sensitivity chart are widely used to measure clinical contrast sensitivity. The Pelli-Robson is a gold standard with the limitation of its bulky size. The LEA contrast sensitivity chart offers a reliable test in a way more practical and portable chart. This condition led to a question of whether we can predict Pelli-Robson score based on the LEA score. This study developed a conversion method to facilitate the transition from the LEA to the Pelli-Robson and validating the conversion score.
Methods : This study retrospectively examined the relationship between LEA and Pelli-Robson Contrast Sensitivity Test. There were 120 eyes included in this study. We produced a conversion table using the equipercentile equating method. Then, we evaluated the reliability and accuracy of this algorithm to convert the LEA to the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity score.
Results : LEA scores were converted to Pelli-Robson scores according to a conversion table that achieved a reliability of 0.91 based on intraclass correlation. The accuracy of this algorithm was 81.6% within 1 point difference from the raw score.
Conclusion : This study reported a reliable and comparable conversion algorithm for transforming LEA scores into converted estimated Pelli-Robson scores. This method will enhance the utility of existing data in clinical and research settings.
CATARACT SYMPTOMS SCALE AS A SCREENING TOOL FOR VISION DISORDERS DUE TO CATARACT BY NON-MEDICAL CADRES
Authors: Fauzie Radityo Akhmedika 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Cataract is an eye disease with clouding of the lens causing visual interference. Blindness due to cataracts is still the leading cause of blindness in the world. Cataract screening using the questionnaire integrated interview method can be an easy instrument for non-medical cadres to use. Cataract Symptoms Scale (CSS) is a complaint-based questionnaire in cataract patients which is used to screen for visual disturbances due to cataracts.
Objective: To find out whether CSS has good validity as a screening tool for visual impairment due to cataracts by non-medical cadres.
Methods: This study used a diagnostic test to assess the accuracy of CSS. All respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as research subjects.
Results: 151 respondents included in the vision screening activity of the Community Ophthalmology Unit of Cicendo Eye Hospital. Respondents with cataracts in this study amounted to 59 (39.07%) and non-cataracts amounted to 92 (40.93%). The most complaints of respondents were blurry with 145 complaints and the least complaints were changes in the color of objects, namely 36 complaints. The CSS questionnaire sensitivity value of 61.01% indicates a weak value statistically. The specificity value of 78.26% indicates a moderate specificity value statistically. The positive predictive value of 64.28% indicates a statistically weak NDP value. The negative predictive value of 75.78% indicates a statistically moderate value. The value of accuracy is 71.52% statistically moderate.
Conclusions: The Cataract Symptoms Scale has poor validity to be used by non-medical cadres as a screening tool for patients with visual impairment due to cataracts. Further research is needed by adjusting the components of the questionnaire and adding variables such as visual acuity and cataract laterality.
INTO THE DARKNESS AND SILENCE: EVISCERATION IN A DEAF-MUTE- BLIND PATIENT WITH NEGLECTED GLAUCOMA
Authors: Lumita Ferdinand Inno , Laksmita Yulinda Arty , Sieman Andrew John , Iskandar Ferdy , Paramita Carennia , Aziza Yulia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction : Glaucoma can have a potentially devastating effect on patient’s vision and quality of life if not treated properly. We described a neglected glaucoma case in a deaf-mute-blind patient that leads to evisceration.
Case Illustration : A 64-year-old deaf-mute female came to our emergency room with chief complaint of bloody discharge from her right eye 12 hours prior to admission with no history of trauma. Patient’s right eye has been blind for the last four years; her left eye has been nonfunctional since she was in her 30s. She went to a primary clinic during this time but did not get any diagnoses. Physical examination revealed uveal prolapse of the right eye with infiltrates around the remaining cornea; and phtisical left eye with IOP of 30 mmHg and opaque cornea. We performed evisceration with dermato-fat graft of the right eye.
Discussion : Glaucoma is a challenging disease, especially in developing countries. It is difficult to diagnose due to its nature to be asymptomatic until late in the disease course. The loss of vision is painless and insidious; resulting in late diagnosis unless patients are screened for glaucoma early on. Patient in this report is particularly difficult for the caretaker since she is a deaf-mute patient; resulting in a suspected undiagnosed glaucoma that leads to evisceration and blindness.
Conclusion : Glaucoma care generally necessitates routine follow-up for monitoring of disease progression and medication adjustments. Good screening system, family support, and integration of eye care into existing healthcare systems is needed for early detection to reduce blindness from glaucoma.