bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF THYROID MALIGNANCIES: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Shahanas P. S. , Varikkottil Sajira K. , Surjit Aswin , Rajapurkar Mayuri Mohan , Thomas Joe 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Differentiated thyroid cancer mainly metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and rarely to distant organs. Papillary thyroid carcinoma can metastasize via lymphatic pathway and follicular thyroid neoplasms through vascular channels. Here we present 3 cases with atypical presentations and synchronous/metachronous primary tumours (non-endocrine).

Case Reports:
Case 1: A 43-year-old female with no known comorbidities presented with right shoulder pain. X-ray showed a missing rib incidentally. A CT thorax suggested metastatic bony mass. PET CT for finding primary malignancy showed uptake in thyroid. Her TFT was normal. FNAC thyroid with bone biopsy confirmed follicular carcinoma thyroid with bone metastasis. Case 2: A 33-year-old male presented with hematuria was diagnosed to have renal cell carcinoma. He underwent right radical nephrectomy. A follow up PET CT as per protocol showed hypermetabolic hypodense nodule in the left lobe of thyroid gland. His TFT showed hypothyroidism, but patient had no related complains. Biopsy confirmed papillary thyroid carcinoma. Case 3: A 48-year-old female came with fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. USG neck showed TIRADS 4 lesion with retrosternal extension. FNAC taken from the lymph node showed chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis suggestive of TB with Mantoux test being positive. She was started on ATT but thyroid lesions still persisting with lymphadenopathy. She underwent total thyroidectomy and biopsy showed infiltrating neoplasm arranged in papillary pattern. Here, her TB was masquareding the thyroid malignancy.

Conclusion:
The clinical presentation of thyroid metastases to uncommon sites are difficult to diagnose. Thyroid malignancies presenting with atypical features are not uncommon, but at times diagnosis and timely management is difficult in such cases.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THYROID ASSOCIATED ORBITOPATHY DUE TO GRAVES’ DISEASE
Authors: Rafiq Nadeema , Nabi Tauseef 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the principal extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). TAO is described as chronic inflammation of orbital and periorbital tissue. Environmental risk factors variably influence development of TAO and risk factors vary with ethnicity and geographical region.

Aims:
To evaluate the clinical factors for TAO in patients with GD.

Setting and Design:
This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study done on consecutive 76 newly diagnosed patients of GD documented by thyroid 99mTechnetium-pertechnetate scan.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were subjected to complete clinical workup and thyroid profile. The diagnosis of TAO was based on the criteria of Bartley and Gorman. Fifty two TAO patients were compared with twenty four non TAO patients (controls) for risk.

Statistical Analysis Used:
All analyses were performed with SPSS software (version 21.0).

Results:
TAO was present in 52 (68%) of patients with GD. TAO was bilateral in 50 (96%) of patients. Majority of patients had mild orbitopathy 34 (65.4%) and none of the patients showed any signs of sight-threatening disease. Clinical activity score (CAS) was active in 13.5% of the study group. There was significant female preponderance in TAO. Current smoking increased the risk of TAO (P = 0.023). Total triiodothyronine (T3) and mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in primary and upward gaze was significantly elevated at baseline in TAO patients. Braley’s sign was seen in 30.7% of patients with TAO and in 8.3% of patients in the control group (P = 0.033). Current smoking, total T3 > 4ng/dl and differential IOP > 6 mmHg were found to be associated with risk of TAO.

Conclusion:
TAO was clinically inactive and of mild severity in most cases. This study identified current smoking, total T3 > 4 ng/dl and differential IOP > 6 mmHg as risk factors for TAO.
VASOSPATIC ANGINA IN GRAVES DISEASE
Authors: Vijayan Sreya 
Published: October 2023

Category A
Thyroid hormones play a key role in the growth and metabolism of almost all tissues. Any abnormal increase or decrease of these hormones can cause impairment in functioning of almost all organ systems. Hyperthyroidism has been associated with a number of cardiac manifestations including tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia especially AF, cardiomyopathy, angina or even myocardial infarction. Here we present a case of a 38 year old female with no known comorbidities who presented to medicine casualty with complaints of recurrent episodes of typical angina lasting 15–20 min or more. Her vitals showed mildly elevated blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg and tachycardia. An ECG taken immediately showed ST segment depression in the anterolateral leads. Cardiac biomarkers were negative. A provisional diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was made and treatment started. Echo was found to be normal. Patient continued to have recurrent episodes of angina. Coronary angiography was normal. On detailed evaluation patient gave a history of palpitation, loss of weight, diarrhoea and increased sweating in the last 3 months. Detailed physical examination revealed a painless neck swelling. Laboratory tests showed Hb – 12 g/dl, serum K – 4.1 mmol/dl, Ca – 9.2 mg/dl, LFT and RFT normal, fT3 – 22.9, fT4 – 64.2, TSH <0.01 suggestive of hyperthyroidism. On further evaluation she was found to be positive for TSH receptor antibody and was diagnosed with Grave’s disease. She was started on anti-thyroid drugs and propranolol. Nitrates were stopped after 6 months and patient remains asymptomatic on treatment.

Conclusion:
Hyperthyroidism may present in numerous ways and may even be life threatening. This case highlights the importance of checking the thyroid status of patients, especially in the younger age group, with no obvious cause or risk factors presenting with angina. They may not always have classical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. A delay in diagnosis can result in undue complications and unnecessary interventions. Most of these patients were found to lead a normal life with proper medications once diagnosed.
AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY THYROID IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM IN SOLITARY THYROID NODULES – A COMMUNITY-BASED SINGLE CENTRE REAL WORLD EXPERIENCE
Authors: Polisetti Subhadra , Tippisetty Surekha , Kumar Ravi , Reddy Sanjay A. , Seshadri Krishna G. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
A solitary thyroid nodule (STN) is a palpable enlargement in a normally functioning thyroid. Diagnosing and treating STN requires a holistic approach. Ultrasonography (USG) is a standard screening tool to identify high-risk nodules that may require fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (benign/malignant). Hence, the current analysis aimed to access the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) with the malignancy and the management of STN in routine clinical practice.

Methods:
The study was a retrospective analysis of STN patients electronic medical records (EMR) database and USG recorded from 2014 to 2022. We queried a single-center EMR database with the search terms “solitary thyroid nodule”, “autonomously functioning thyroid nodule” and “nontoxic multinodular goiter”. A total of 213 records were identified with STN diagnosis, 161 records have one USG report, and of which a 5-year follow-up of 88 records having at least 2 USG reports with at least 1-year time interval of follow-up data. To better identify benign and malignant nodules and optimize clinical management, ACR-TIRADS and The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was adapted in clinic from 2017. Descriptive statistics was used to report the statistical analysis of data.

Results:
A total of 213 patients were identified with STN. The mean (SD) age is 45.2 (13.8) years. Of these, majority were female, 158 (75%) than male, 54 (25%). Of the total of 160 patients who had ACR TIRADs, 2 (1%) patients had score of 1, 97 (67%) had score 2, 46 (26%) had score 3, 16 (10%) had score 4, 3 (2%) had score 5. Ninety six (45%) patients had Bethesda categorization of nodule and it is observed in 3 (3%), 82 (82%), 8 (8%), 2 (2%), 1 (1%) belonged to class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively. At follow-up, 67 (76%) patients had no change in the ACR TIRAD nodule score, in 14 (16%) patients score decreased and in 7 (8%) patients increase in score. At baseline the mean (median) nodular volume is 24.2 (8.2) and at follow up 22.2 (6.7), percent change in the nodule volume is -17.7% (-16.0%). Further, of the 88 patients, 7 (9%) of patients had shown >50% increase in the nodular volume.

Conclusion:
In this real-world data analysis of STN, we observed that the majority of the nodules are benign and nonprogressive, and very few patients had the risk of malignancy, indicating better treatment approaches to control the progression of this condition.
E-Learning Engagements of Pre-Service Education Students
Authors: Bilocura Edson B. , Adlaon Mauricio S. , Cuyag Rhea Mae O. 
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to ascertain the e-learning engagements of selected Pre-service Education students in online distance learning and determined whether the e-learning engagements vary based on the student’s profile variables. The study group of the survey comprised 275 first to third-year students of BSED-Sciences, BTVTED and BSED-Mathematics enrolled at Surigao State College of Technology (SSCT), City Campus. A researchers-made questionnaire was used, validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient with (α=0.85) for the entire scale (20 items). Distribution of web-based questionnaires through Google Forms followed. The data collected were treated using frequency, percentage count, mean, standard deviation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). A descriptive survey research design was also employed. Study results indicated that the behavioral, social, cognitive, and technological engagements of the students were generally positive. Particularly, social engagement rated very high with a mean score of 2.97 (SD=0.53) meanwhile, technological engagement rated a lowest mean value of 2.71 (SD=0.55) signifying that students’ e-learning engagement is lesser as unstable internet connection was found to be the main technological problem which caused students to get frequent absences during online classes. Additionally, mobile phone devices revealed to be the most useful ICT tool to assist students’ in managing the online learning system. Moreover, the e-learning engagements were found not to vary based on students’ sex and family income. However, students’ age, year level, program and specialization and gadgets used in modular and online classes made a significant difference which shows that the profile differences of Pre-service education students contribute a direct effect towards their online learning engagement. Implications from the results recommend a need to sustain social interaction between stakeholders, increased students’ online resources and community support by provision of learners’ online learning demands.
A DESK REVIEW OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING ON ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Munee Gloria , Orwa Bula Hannah 
Published: October 2023

This study was done to examine the relationship between employee training and organizational productivity in the banking sector, a case study of Co-operative Bank, Githurai Branch. The study was guided by these four research objectives; examining the effect of employee induction on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank, Githurai Branch, Kenya, determining the effect of on-the-job training on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya, determining the effect of employee motivation on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya and examining the effect of employee job satisfaction on organizational productivity within the Co-operative Bank Limited, Githurai Branch, Kenya. A cross-sectional research survey was conducted. The target population consisted of employees working at the Co-operative Bank of Kenya Limited, Githurai Branch. I used Simple random sampling techniques. The size of the sample that was ascertained was 18 using the total sampling technique. The source of data that was used was Primary sources of data. A stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size of the 18 respondents. The researcher performed Pearson's correlation and a regression test so as to determine the relationship between the variables under analysis. The data was analyzed with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, 25th version. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Frequencies and percentages were employed to provide descriptive statistics. The findings were presented in tabular form. The outcome or other the results of the study helped in revealing whether the variables in the study statistically or positively correlated with organizational productivity. The study therefore recommends the banking sector to come up with suitable employee training practices that help in enhancing organizational productivity. Also, further research can be carried out so as to determine other variables that are aligned with employees’ training practices among the banking sector, organizations, and companies. Another similar study can be conducted aiming at the public sector for comparison purposes.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0057/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
EVOLUTION OF ‘ARBITRARINESS’ IN ‘SIGN’ IN LANGUAGE TO ‘REVELATION’ IN ‘SIGN’ IN MANTRIC POETRY (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SRI AUROBINDO’S MANTRIC POETRY)
Authors: Kumar Nikhil 
Published: October 2023

‘Sign’ in language, is, admittedly, arbitrary in nature. Having studied in the light of yogic revelations made by Sri Aurobindo of the hierarchy of consciousness, arbitrariness is found to be operative on the intellectual plane of Mind and the planes below it. The intellectual plane of Mind and all the planes below it are under the gravitational pull of the separative principle of consciousness operating on the plane of Mind as revealed by him. It is on account of the pull that the sign comes to be arbitrary. As one evolves, as a result of the realisation of the existence of the One Transcendent Divine, to the spiritual plane of Mind, the separative principle of consciousness operating on the plane of Mind tends decisively to decay, hence, the arbitrariness, too, in sign tends to decay, with the rise of a new movement on the plane of Mind, the movement towards the integrality of the Consciousness of the One Transcendent Divine. Here, one enters into the realm of spiritual consciousness. Sri Aurobindo reveals four planes of spiritual consciousness on the plane of Mind. On the two uppermost planes of the spiritual consciousness, the ‘Intuitive Mind’ and the ‘Overmind’, as he terms them, the separative principle decays to the extent that the poetry written from these planes, the poetry which, according to Sri Aurobindo, is ‘Mantra’ or Mantric Poetry, comes to be revelatory. Hence, the ‘sign’ in it comes to be revelatory.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0061/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
REPRESENTATIONS SOCIALES DU BON ENSEIGNANT ET COMPORTEMENTS DES APPRENANTS PENDANT L’EDUCATION PHYSIQUE ET SPORTIVE / SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GOOD TEACHER AND BEHAVIORS OF LEARNERS DURING PHYSICAL AND SPORTS EDUCATION
Authors: Sylla Moustapha , Zoumana Meite 
Published: October 2023

<p>La présente recherche analyse les représentations sociales du bon enseignant chez les élèves dans le processus pédagogique. Elle contribue aussi à une meilleure compréhension des comportements des apprenants pendant les cours d’EPS. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé méthodologie reposant sur l’administration de différents questionnaires à 107 élèves dont 38 filles et 69 garçons de quatre établissements du district d’Abidjan. Le traitement des données et leur analyse sont ont été faits avec les logiciels SIMI 2005 et EVOC 2005. Les résultats révèlent que les apprenants sont assidus au cours, respectueux et réussissent leurs devoirs lorsqu’ils sont intéressés par le cours d’EPS. Il est alors possible d’établir un lien entre ces indicateurs comportementaux et la représentation que les élèves se font du bon enseignant (rigoureux, maîtrise sa matière).</p><p>This research analyzes the social representations of the good teacher among students in the educational process. It also contributes to a better understanding of learner behavior during PE lessons. To do this, we used a methodology based on the administration of different questionnaires to 107 students including 38 girls and 69 boys from four establishments in the Abidjan district. Data processing and analysis were carried out with SIMI 2005 and EVOC 2005 software. The results reveal that learners are diligent in the course, respectful and succeed in their homework when they are interested in the PE course. It is then possible to establish a link between these behavioral indicators and the representation that students have of a good teacher (rigorous, masters his subject). </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0015/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
ANALYSIS OF CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION CHALLENGES IN THE MOVIE ‘OUTSOURCED’ (2006)
Authors: Sabre Afidatul Aqma Mohamad , Mohandas Eliyas S. 
Published: October 2023

Cross-cultural communication has sparked many cultural misunderstandings in today’s world. This happens because of the challenges faced by people from different cultural backgrounds who communicate with each other without having knowledge or familiarity with each other cultures. Besides, different cultural values can be one of the main reasons for cross-cultural communication challenges to happen. This study aims to identify the cross-cultural communication challenges faced by the American and Indian main characters in the movie ‘Outsourced’ (2006). This study investigates the cross-cultural communication challenges faced by the main characters from two different countries: America and India and how the challenges affect them. The researcher employed a qualitative research design by using content analysis to identify the challenges faced by them. The researcher employed two types of data: primary and secondary data, to collect the best materials to support this study to have a better understanding of the study. The researcher employed the purposive sampling method to select the movie that depicted the cross-cultural communication challenges. In this study, the researchers used coding guidelines and coding themes to get the relevant answers to the research questions. The researcher analysed six themes according to the Stumbling Block in Intercultural Communication by Laray M. Barna (1994) to answer the research questions of this study. The results are presented in a table to get a clear view of data on the cross-cultural communication challenges. This study revealed the common challenges of cross-cultural communication faced by people from different cultures based on the movie ‘Outsourced’ (2006) such as the Assumption to Similarity, Language Differences, Nonverbal Misinterpretation, Stereotype or Preconception, Tendency to Evaluate and High Anxiety or Stress. Hence, this study is significant for people who want to learn about cross-cultural communication as well as those who are in a cross-cultural situation at work or institution because it exposes cross-cultural communication challenges and their effects.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0011/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
Pengaruh Brand Ambassador, Brand Image, dan Brand Awareness terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Skincare MS Glow di Kota Surabaya
Authors: Sulistyana Anggraheny , Aminah Siti 
Published: October 2023

The high market demand in the category of facial skin care series has resulted in various brands emerging and creating intense competition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brand ambassadors, brand image, and brand awareness on purchasing decisions for MS Glow skincare products in the city of Surabaya. MS Glow is a skincare brand that has achieved success with the 2020 Indonesia Best Brand Award (IBBA). The research method used is a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires. The population of this research is MS Glow female consumers who are domiciled in Surabaya, aged at least 17 years, and have purchased MS Glow skincare. The research sample used accidental sampling technique with a total sample of 80 respondents. Data analysis technique using PLS. The results of the study show that brand ambassadors have a significant positive influence on purchasing decisions. Brand Image has a significant positive influence on purchasing decisions. Brand awareness also has a significant positive influence on purchasing decisions.
Keywords: Brand ambassador ; Brand Awareness ; Brand Image ; Purchase Decision
Effects of an Occupation-Based Intervention on Hand and Upper Extremity Function, Daily Activities, and Quality of Life in People With Burn Injuries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khanipour Mahnoosh , Lajevardi Laleh , Taghizadeh Ghorban , Azad Akram , Ghorbani Hooman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Importance: Occupational performance and function are affected in people with burn injuries to the hand and upper extremity; this can lead to the development of some disabilities and endanger quality of life.
Objective: To investigate the effects of occupation-based intervention on hand and upper extremity function, daily activities, and quality of life in people with burn injuries.
Design: Randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Specialized burn hospital in Iran.
Participants: Patients (N = 20) with burn injuries to the hand and upper extremity.
Interventions: The control group received only traditional rehabilitation, and the intervention group received traditional rehabilitation and took part in the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) protocol (18 sessions, 45 min/day, for both groups).
Measures: Assessments included the CO-OP; Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire; Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire; Modified Barthel Index; World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale–Brief; a visual analogue scale; measurements with a goniometer and dynamometer; and the figure-of-eight method. These evaluations were conducted with both groups before the rehabilitation program commenced and at Wk 2, 6, and 14 (follow-up).
Results: The results showed that there were notable changes in all the study variables except edema in both groups. However, these changes (p [V] ≤ .05) were not statistically significant between the two groups.
Conclusions and Relevance: According to the results, the occupation-based interventions are as effective as traditional therapeutic interventions for the improvement of hand and upper extremity function, ability to perform daily activities, and quality of life in people with burn injuries.
What This Article Adds: The CO-OP protocol, as an occupation-based intervention, can improve hand performance, ability to perform daily activities, and quality of life in people with burn injuries, and thus it can be useful in rehabilitation clinics.