bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volume Turnover Kinetics of Fluid Shifts after Hemorrhage, Fluid Infusion, and the Combination of Hemorrhage and Fluid Infusion in Sheep
Authors: Norberg Åke , Brauer Kirk I. , Prough Donald S. , Gabrielsson Johan , Hahn Robert G. , Uchida Tatsuo , Traber Daniel L. , Svensén Christer H. 
Published: April 2005

Background
Hemorrhage is commonly treated with intravenous infusion of crystalloids. However, the dynamics of fluid shifts between body fluid spaces are not completely known, causing contradictory recommendations regarding timing and volume of fluid infusions. The authors have developed a turnover model that characterizes these fluid shifts.

Methods
Conscious, chronically instrumented sheep (n = 12) were randomly assigned to three protocol groups: infusion of 25 ml/kg of 0.9% saline over 20 min (infusion only), hemorrhage of 300 ml (7.8 +/- 1.1 ml/kg) over 5 min (hemorrhage only), and hemorrhage of 300 ml over 5 min followed by infusion as noted above (hemorrhage plus infusion). A two-compartment volume turnover kinetic model containing seven model parameters was fitted to data obtained by repeated sampling of hemoglobin concentration and urinary excretion.

Results
The volume turnover model successfully predicted fluid shifts. Mean baseline volumes of the central and tissue compartments were 1799 +/- 1276 ml and 7653 +/- 5478 ml, respectively. Immediate fluid infusion failed to prevent hemorrhage-induced depression of cardiac output and diuresis. The model suggested that volume recruitment to the central compartment after hemorrhage was primarily achieved by mechanisms other than volume equilibration between the two model compartments.

Conclusion
Volume turnover kinetics is a promising tool for explaining fluid shifts between body compartments after perturbations such as hemorrhage and intravenous fluid infusions. The pronounced inhibition of renal output after hemorrhage prevailed regardless of fluid infusion and caused fluid retention, which expanded the tissue compartment.
For Outpatient Rotator Cuff Surgery, Nerve Block Anesthesia Provides Superior Same-day Recovery over General Anesthesia
Authors: Hadzic Admir , Williams Brian A. , Karaca Pelin Emine , Hobeika Paul , Unis George , Dermksian Jeffrey , Yufa Marina , Thys Daniel M. , Santos Alan C. 
Published: April 2005

Background
Both general and nerve block anesthesia are effective for shoulder surgery. For outpatient surgery, it is important to determine which technique provides more efficient recovery. The authors' goal was to compare nerve block with general anesthesia with respect to recovery profile and patient satisfaction after rotator cuff surgery.

Methods
In this clinical trial, 50 consenting outpatients (aged 18-70 yr) were randomly assigned to receive either fast-track general anesthesia followed by bupivacaine (0.25%) wound infiltration or interscalene brachial plexus block (0.75% ropivacaine), each under standardized protocols. Blinded recovery room nurses assessed the need for pain treatment and rated patient eligibility for bypass of the phase 1 postanesthesia care unit and for discharge home. Patients were followed up for 2 weeks postoperatively. The primary outcome measures were postanesthesia care unit bypass and same-day discharge. Other same-day recovery outcomes included severity of and treatment for pain and time to ambulation. Postoperative outcomes at home included satisfaction with the anesthesia technique and absence of complications (at 2 weeks).

Results
Patients who received nerve block (vs. general anesthesia) bypassed the postanesthesia care unit more frequently (76 vs. 16%; P < 0.001), reported less pain, ambulated earlier, were ready for home discharge sooner (123 vs. 286 min; P < 0.001), had no unplanned hospital admissions (vs. 4 of 25 patients who underwent general anesthesia; P = 0.05), and were more satisfied with their care. No complications were reported in either treatment group.

Conclusions
Nerve block anesthesia for outpatient rotator cuff surgery provides several same-day recovery advantages over general anesthesia.
Intravenous Butorphanol, Meperidine, and Their Combination Relieve Pain and Distress in Women in Labor
Authors: Nelson Kenneth E. , Eisenach James C. 
Published: April 2005

Background
Systemic opioids are commonly administered during labor, but their efficacy has been recently questioned. In addition, laboratory and clinical studies provide a strong rationale for combining mu- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists for analgesia. The authors therefore studied, using validated intensity and affective scales and definitions of effective pain relief, the efficacy of intravenous meperidine, butorphanol, and their combination for labor analgesia.

Methods
Healthy women with singleton term pregnancy requesting analgesia during active labor were studied. Women were randomly assigned to receive 50 mg meperidine, 1 mg butorphanol, or 25 mg meperidine plus 0.5 mg butorphanol (n = 15/group). Pain intensity was assessed using a 0-10 numerical rating scale, and affective magnitude was assessed using a ratiometric descriptive scale before drug administration and between the sixth and seventh uterine contractions after drug administration.

Results
All three treatments reduced pain intensity equally. Butorphanol alone did not reduce pain affective magnitude, whereas the other treatments did. There was a significant correlation between reduction in pain intensity and affective magnitude in all groups, with greater reductions in affective magnitude than intensity. Overall, 29% of women exhibited clinically meaningful pain relief, with no difference among groups. Groups did not differ in incidence of opioid-induced adverse effects.

Conclusions
These doses of meperidine and butorphanol do reduce pain intensity and affective magnitude, although a minority of patients achieve meaningful pain relief as defined in multiple patient populations, including laboring women. Combination of these drugs did not improve their therapeutic benefit.
Forty-eight Hours of Postoperative Pain Relief after Total Hip Arthroplasty with a Novel, Extended-Release Epidural Morphine Formulation
Authors: Viscusi Eugene R. , Martin Gavin , Hartrick Craig T. , Singla Neil , Manvelian Garen 
Published: April 2005

Background
Epidural morphine has proven analgesic efficacy in the postoperative period and is widely used. This study evaluated the efficacy of extended-release epidural morphine (EREM; DepoDur; Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chadds Ford, PA; SkyePharma, Inc., San Diego, CA) in providing pain relief for 48 h after surgery.

Methods
Patients (n = 200) scheduled to undergo total hip arthroplasty were randomized to receive a single dose of 15, 20, or 25 mg EREM or placebo. After surgery and after asking for pain medication, patients had access to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia fentanyl for breakthrough pain as needed. Postoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia fentanyl use, time to first postoperative fentanyl use, pain intensity at rest and with activity, patient and surgeon ratings of pain control, and adverse events were recorded.

Results
All EREM dosages reduced the mean (+/- SD) fentanyl use versus placebo (510 +/- 708 vs. 2,091 +/- 1,803 microg; P < 0.0001) and delayed the median time to first dose of fentanyl (21.3 vs. 3.6 h; P < 0.0001). All EREM groups had significantly improved pain control at rest through 48 h postdose (area under the curve [0-48 h]) compared with placebo (P < 0.0005). More EREM-treated patients rated their pain control as good or very good compared with placebo (at 24 h: 90 vs. 65%, P < 0.0001; at 48 h: 83 vs. 67%, P < 0.05). No supplemental analgesia was needed in 25% of EREM-treated patients and 2% of placebo-treated patients at 48 h (P < 0.05). The safety profile of EREM was consistent with that of other epidurally administered opioid analgesics.

Conclusions
EREM provided significant postoperative pain relief over a 48-h period after hip surgery, without the need for indwelling epidural catheters.
Institutional arrangement and unauthorised building works in Hong Kong
Authors: Yiu C.Y. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo explain the serious social problem of unauthorised building works (UBWs) in Hong Kong and why this problem is difficult to overcome.Design/methodology/approachAn institutional economics approach is adopted. This paper concentrates on the governance zone of the institutional arrangement.FindingsThe current institutional arrangement in Hong Kong encourages owners to build UBWs, and makes the identification of UBWs very complicated. This paper concludes that the existing framework of governance fails to take into account the conflict of interests in collective goods. The no‐retrospective‐approval stipulation also renders a no‐alternative solution.Research limitations/implicationsIt is a case study of Hong Kong, but it has research implications on institutional economics under the current arrangement of co‐ownership.Practical implicationsAn important element in structural surveys is to ensure the structural safety of a building. An understanding on the governance of UBWs has serious implications for the structural survey approach.Originality/valueThis paper is the first paper on exploring UBWs from an institutional economics framework.
Customers' adoption of banking channels in Hong Kong
Authors: Wan Wendy W.N. , Luk Chung‐Leung , Chow Cheris W.C. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe study sought to investigate factors that influenced Hong Kong bank customers’ adoption of four major banking channels, i.e. branch banking, ATM, telephone banking, and internet banking. Specifically, it aimed to focus on the influences of demographic variables and psychological beliefs about the positive attributes possessed by the channels.Design/methodology/approachBased on extant literature on bank marketing and interviews with ten bank managers in Hong Kong, a questionnaire was designed. Then, in a large‐scale survey by means of mall‐intercept and telephone interviews, we successfully obtained data from 314 bank customers.FindingsOverall, ATM was the most frequently adopted channel, followed by internet banking and branch banking, and telephone banking was the least frequently adopted channel. Psychological beliefs about the extent to which a channel possessed certain positive attributes were more predictive of adoptions of ATM and internet banking than adoptions of branch banking and telephone banking. Demographic backgrounds were strongly associated with adoption of all banking channels except ATM. A major research implication is that the theory of reasoned action is less applicable when a behavior is habitual, such as the adoptions of branch banking and telephone banking.Research limitations/implicationsThe managerial implications are that telephone banking can be gradually phased out, whereas internet banking is becoming the dominant channel in the future. For branch banking, different marketing strategies should be adopted for those who are financially and cognitively less resourceful, and those who are wealthier but higher time cost.Originality/valueThe value of the study for bank managers is that it provides an updated account of the banking behaviors of Hong Kong bank customers.
Price, brand cues, and banking customer value
Authors: Chen Tser‐yieth , Chang Pao‐Long , Chang Hong‐Sheng 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to elucidate how price, brand cues and customer value are related, and to explore the influence of price and brand cues through service quality and perceived risk on customer value, focusing specifically on Taiwan.Design/methodology/approachSamples were collected using a questionnaire which assessed the quality of our measurement efforts by investigating reliability and validity. We then compared our hypothesized model with a rival model based on the overall fit, parsimony, and percentage of model parameters that were statistically significant.FindingsService quality is found to be positively affected by brand cues, whereas perceived risks are negatively influenced by price cues. Exactly how customer value is affected by the service quality and perceived risk is considered. Brand cues notably indirectly affect customer value through service quality, whereas price cues notably indirectly affect customer value through perceived risk.Research limitations/implicationsFor future research, how other external cues may influence perception of quality and risk with extrinsic information should be discussed.Practical implicationsIn practice, bank managers can hone the relevant cues and optimize investments to raise service quality or lower consumers' perceived risk.Originality/valueThis study provides a new perspective of the “structural” relationships among price and brand cues, service quality and perceived risk.
Marketing policies of companies in a cyclical sector: an empirical study of the construction industry in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bennett Roger 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo establish the best approaches that companies operating within a cyclical economic environment should adopt when marketing their products.Design/methodology/approachA structural equation modelling procedure is applied to the examination of the influences on corporate performance of certain policies pursued during cyclical downturns. The degrees to which these policies are implemented are hypothesised to depend on factors such as a firm's age and managerial experience of cyclical fluctuations, marketing orientation, and whether business cycles are explicitly taken into account when formulating corporate strategies. In total, 119 businesses in the UK construction industry participated in the investigation.FindingsThe relative effects of a number of explanatory variables on performance and its assumed antecedents are reported. Firms adopting “long‐term” approaches to marketing management across cycles tended to attain superior performance. However, short‐term approaches to marketing were commonplace.Research limitations/implicationsSelf‐declared information on company performance was utilised. Also the study only considered a single industry (construction), so the results might not be generalisable to other sectors.Practical implicationsThe outcomes offer practical advice to managers in the construction industry regarding their staff recruitment, retention and development policies during cyclical downturns, their employment of relationship marketing, and appropriate corporate strategies and budgeting methods for use in cyclical environments.Originality/valueThis is the first published study to explore construction companies' marketing responses to cyclical conditions.
UK leisure centres under best value: a strategic analysis
Authors: Benson Angela , Henderson Steven 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo understand the effects of the best value regime on the public provision of recreation at the level of the leisure centre.Design/methodology/approachA strategic auditing device is applied to 87 leisure centres to investigate the strategic variables of environmental stability and attractiveness, service strengths and financial resources. The analysis produces a typology of leisure centres, and evaluates the prospects of each type under best value.FindingsThe findings suggest that a large number of leisure centres managed by local authorities will make limited headway in implementing best value. What is more, many face problems that will be exacerbated, rather than eased, by current policy. Leisure centres managed by Trusts generally face more benign local environments, which appear to offer greater prospects, but it is clear that Trust status itself offers few advantages outside a greater range of financial sources.Research limitations/implicationsThe research focuses on strategic choices as they face leisure centre managers. It does not directly explore the strategic and policy decisions made at other levels.Practical implicationsThe paper argues for subtler recreation policy (and by implication, the provision of public sector services generally) that pays due regard to the local conditions of service providers. Policy that focuses only on general prescription of managerial (and often rhetorical) practices will frequently lead strategies towards satisficing performance indicators that may be arbitrary, rather than focusing on problems and issues as they face professional leisure managers.Originality/valueThe use of a formal strategy tool as the level of a service provider is novel, and augments work on hybrid firms facing strategic choices based not only on political factors but also private sector market‐oriented competitors. Further, useful comparisons are made between leisure centres managed by Trusts and those still controlled by a Local Authority. The data provided will also help to inform practical and academic debates concerning the application of quality standards and management practices in the leisure sector.
Regulating prices and profits in utility industries in low‐income economies
Authors: Parker David , Kirkpatrick Colin 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to examine alternative methods of regulating prices and/or profits of privatised utilities in low‐income countries with a view to identifying their strengths and weaknesses.Design/methodology/approachThe economics of regulation literature has favoured the use of a price cap over rate of return or cost of service regulation because of its greater incentive effects. A third alternative, sliding‐scale regulation, has been put forward as a compromise between the price cap and a controlled rate of return, which is said to combine the merits of both methods. This paper considers the operation of a price cap, rate of return regulation and sliding‐scale regulation in the context of low‐income economies by reviewing the theory in relation to the conditions likely to be found in low‐income economies.FindingsIt is concluded that the case for the use of a price cap is much reduced in low‐income economies. This is because of its information requirements, need for regulatory expertise and, more broadly, the institutional endowment found in many low‐income countries.Research limitations/implicationsIt is recognised that this conclusion is tentative and deserves further research, comparing theory and practice.Practical implicationsCountries need to consider carefully which method of regulation will work best in the context of the institutions of the country, rather than simply copy a method from the developed world.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers to challenge the prevailing belief that price cap regulation is superior to rate of return regulation in the context of economic development.
E‐business migration: a process model
Authors: Krell Terence , Gale Jeffrey 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThis work aims to develop a process model for the migration of the traditional firm to an appropriate e‐business strategy and architecture.Design/methodology/approachThe work is based on a range of published works and professional experience, combining narrative with analysis.FindingsThis complex model addresses the multiplicity of factors that must be included in effective e‐business migration. The model addresses technology, business processes, strategy and the consequent organizational change.Originality/valueFocuses on a model that can serve as a basis for dispelling a number of myths reflected in current e‐business migration and implementation efforts.
Technology innovation‐induced business model change: a contingency approach
Authors: Pateli Adamantia G. , Giaglis George M. 
Published: April 2005

PurposeTo construct and test, through its application to a real case study, a methodology that generates contingencies for the evolution of a company or an industry's reference business model (BM) under the impact of a technology innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on theoretical predicaments of organizational development and scenario planning as well as more recently published works (2001‐2004) on BM design and change in order to build the primary steps of the methodology. A contingency approach is applied for selecting among alternatives the most suitable future BM. The usefulness and applicability of the provided methodology are proved through a real case study that concerns changing the exhibition's industry reference BM under the impact of a mobile innovation.FindingsThe proposed methodology is primarily useful in cases where a strategic manager wishes to draw and assess not one totally new BM but a set of scenarios that reflect alternative configurations for its current BM evolution. Such a methodology needs to be complemented with a contingency framework for guiding the selection of the scenario that better suits the internal and external environment of the company.Research limitations/implicationsIt is expected that related theories, such as the theory of Industrial Organization and the theory of Network Economics, also need to be examined under the light of BM change to identify and cross‐validate factors that contribute to the design and assessment of BMs.Practical implicationsThe ultimate utility of the proposed methodology is as a road‐map for leading change in the value‐creation logic of a firm, taking advantage of an advanced technology solution. By continuously changing their BM, and identifying new ways to deliver value to their customers, firms aspire to obtain and sustain a competitive advantage in high‐velocity environments.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified research gap for a structured approach towards changing the BM of a firm, which introduces a technology innovation by keeping the principles of the old (traditional) business logic and taking into account the effects incurred from the firm's internal and external environment.
Mobile internet acceptance in Korea
Authors: Ho Cheong Je , Park Myeong‐Cheol 
Published: April 2005

PurposeThe increasing number of M‐internet subscribers and the fast growing revenue proves the great potential of M‐internet as well as the enormous business opportunity in Korea. The success in this business is dependent on understanding the concerns of customers and identifying the factors that promote the use of M‐internet. Thus, this paper aims to examine the human motivations underlying individual behavioral intention to use M‐internet in Korea.Design/methodology/approachEmploys TAM (technology acceptance model) as the base model and develops a more comprehensive version of TAM to better reflect M‐internet context. The model employs perceived playfulness, contents quality, system quality, internet experience and perceived price level, in addition to perceived usefulness and ease of use. Investigates the causal relationships among the constructs used in this revised TAM and identifies the direct and indirect causal role of the constructs in developing the intention to use M‐internet.FindingsFinds that attitude toward M‐internet is the most significant factor in predicting the behavioral intention to use M‐internet. Also identifies the positive role of the perceived playfulness and the negative role of perceived price level in developing the attitude as well as the intention. The positive causal relationships of “perceived contents quality – perceived usefulness”, “perceived system quality– perceived usefulness” and “internet experience–perceived ease of use” were also witnessed.Practical implicationsConsidering the explosive growth of the M‐internet market, well‐established business strategy in M‐internet will deliver great success to the mobile operators. Thus, understanding comprehensive causal relationship among the constructs used in this revised TAM would help managers to better implement the strategic ramifications in promoting M‐internet.Originality/valueDevelops a more comprehensive version of TAM to better reflect M‐internet context in Korea, adding five new constructs and identifies the role of the construct in promoting the use of M‐internet.