bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An alternative tandem affinity purification strategy applied to Arabidopsis protein complex isolation
Authors: Rubio Vicente , Shen Yunping , Saijo Yusuke , Liu Yule , Gusmaroli Giuliana , Dinesh‐Kumar Savithramma P. , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: February 2005

SummaryTandem affinity purification (TAP) strategies constitute an efficient approach for protein complex purification from many different organisms. However, the application of such strategies for purifying endogenous Arabidopsis multi‐protein complexes has not yet been reported. Here, we describe an alternative TAP (TAPa) system that successfully allows protein complex purification from Arabidopsis. In our newly generated TAPa tag we have replaced the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease cleavage site with the more specific and low‐temperature active rhinovirus 3C protease site. In addition, the second purification step can now be performed through two different affinity tags: a six His repeat or nine copies of a myc repeat. To examine our purification procedure we generated a C‐terminal fusion between the TAPa tag and CSN3, a component of the multi‐protein COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex. Subsequent analysis showed that CSN3‐TAPa could rescue a csn3 mutant, and that the components of the CSN complex could be co‐purified with CSN3‐TAPa. As part of our long running interest in light signaling in Arabidopsis we have generated Arabidopsis transgenic lines harboring, both N‐terminal and C‐terminal TAPa fusions of many different light signaling pathway regulators. Molecular characterization of these transgenic lines showed fusion expression in 88% of the genes analyzed and that this expression is largely independent of the fusion orientation. Mutant complementation analysis showed that most of the TAPa fusions analyzed retained function of the wild‐type proteins. Taken together, the data demonstrate the suitability of the TAPa system to allow efficient multi‐protein complex isolation from stably transformed Arabidopsis.
Floral MADS box genes and homeotic gender dimorphism in Thalictrum dioicum (Ranunculaceae) – a new model for the study of dioecy
Authors: Di Stilio Verónica S. , Kramer Elena M. , Baum David A. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryIn most dioecious angiosperm species, flowers are initially perfect but abort either stamens or carpels during their development, indicating that sex determination occurs after floral organ identity has been established. Dioecious members of the genus Thalictrum (meadow‐rue), however, produce flowers that lack aborted organs. Examination of early flower development of T. dioicum confirms that flowers are male or female from inception, raising the possibility that genetic mechanisms working at or above the level of organ identity promote sex determination through a homeotic‐like mechanism. In order to investigate this possibility, we identified homologs of the organ identity genes PISTILLATA (PI), APETALA3 (AP3) and AGAMOUS (AG) from T. dioicum and the hermaphroditic species T. thalictroides. A combination of early and late duplication events was uncovered in these gene lineages and expression analyses indicate that these events are generally associated with divergence in gene regulation. In light of these findings, we discuss the potential of T. dioicum as a new model for the study of sex determination in the basal eudicots.
Optimization of RT–PCR for the Detection of Bean leaf roll virus in Plant Hosts and Insect Vectors
Authors: Ortiz V. , Castro S. , Romero J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe detection of luteoviruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) depends on the adequate quality and quantity of extracted viral nucleic acids. We have optimized the detection of Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) using selective precipitation by LiCl of viral RNA from a small quantity of infected plant tissues and insect vectors. The optimal template for PCR was 15 μl of RT reaction mixture. BLRV was detected in different plant hosts and aphid vectors and Aphis fabae, previously considered to be a non‐vector of BLRV, was found to acquire the virus from infected plants.
Analysis of the Italian Dutch Elm Disease Fungal Population
Authors: Santini A. , Montaghi A. , Vendramin G. G. , Capretti P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSixty‐two Ophiostoma ulmi sensu lato strains have been collected from symptomatic trees in seven areas of Central Italy. Isolates were compared with 10 reference strains, belonging to the species O. ulmi and to the two subspecies of O. novo‐ulmi, in order to establish the genetic variability within the Italian population of this fungal pathogen. The structure of the population has been analysed by means of morpho‐physiological features and of the direct amplification of minisatellite‐region DNA polymerase chain reaction (DAMD‐PCR) by using the M13 core sequence. The DNA profiles have been compared with taxonomic parameters (growth rate, culture aspect and fertility barriers). Taxa could thus be well separated. None of the isolates collected was recognized as O. ulmi. Isolates assigned to the two subspecies of O. novo‐ulmi (novo ulmi and americana) by means of the fertility test, showed short genetic distances with the respective reference strains and they constituted subgroups according to their geographical origin. The high level of variation detected indicates a postepidemic situation in Italy. Some inconsistency was found within the subspecies clusters. Several isolates, assigned to subspecies americana using fertility test, were in the novo‐ulmi cluster and vice versa. A possible explanation is that these isolates are americana–novo‐ulmi hybrids.
Survival and Possible Spread of Erwinia amylovora and Related Plant‐Pathogenic Bacteria Exposed to Environmental Stress Conditions
Authors: Jock S. , Langlotz C. , Geider K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fire blight pathogen Erwinia amylovora was assayed for survival under unfavourable conditions such as on nitrocellulose filters, in non‐host plants as well as in inoculated mature apples and in infested apple stem sections. In a sterile dry environment, an E. amylovora EPS (exopolysaccharide) mutant, and to a lesser extent its parental wild‐type strain decreased within 3 weeks to a low titre. However, under moist conditions the decrease of viable cells occurred only partially for both strains. Very low cell titres were recovered after application of E. amylovora onto the surface of tobacco leaves, whereas infiltration into the leaves produced lesions (hypersensitive response, HR), in which the bacteria survived in significant amounts. A similar effect was found for the necrotic zones of HR in tobacco leaves caused by E. pyrifoliae, by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and HR‐deficient E. amylovora mutants or mutants deficient in EPS synthesis and disease‐specific genes. During 7 years of storage, the viability of E. amylovora in wood sections from fire blight‐infested apple trees declined to a low titre. In tissue of mature apples, E. amylovora cells slowly dispersed and could still be recovered after several weeks of storage at room temperature. A minimal risk of accidental dissemination of E. amylovora apart from infested host plants can experimentally not be excluded, but other data confirm a very low incidence of any long distance distribution.
Macromolecules Released by a Plant Growth‐promoting Rhizobacterium as Elicitors of Systemic Resistance in Tomato to Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Romeiro R. S. , Filho Lanna , Vieira J. R. , Silva H. S. A. , Baracat‐Pereira M. C. , Carvalho M. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractOne of 500 rhizobacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and rhizoplane of healthy tomato plants was previously selected in laboratory, greenhouse and field tests as a good inducer of systemic resistance. This plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) was identified as Bacillus cereus by fatty‐acid analysis. Bacillus cereus bacterial cells were removed from liquid culture by centrifugation and the supernatant repeatedly dialyzed (cut‐off = 12 000 daltons) against distilled water. Dialysates applied to roots protected tomato plants against leaf fungal and bacterial pathogens, evidence that macromolecules synthesized by the PGPR and released into the environment act as elicitors of systemic resistance.
The advantages of occupational therapy in oral hygiene measures for institutionalised elderly adults
Authors: Bellomo Fleurange , Preux Frédérique de , Chung Jean‐Pierre , Julien Noëlle , Budtz‐Jørgensen Ejvind , Müller Frauke 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  To investigate a new method in teaching and supervising tooth and denture brushing activities by employing occupational therapy techniques.Materials and methods:  Sixty‐one residents, 44 women and 17 men, with an average age of 85.7 ± 6.6 years (range 72–97 years) living in a Long‐Term Care home (LTC) in Geneva were enrolled in a randomised controlled trial. They were divided at random into experimental (EG) and control groups (CG) with matched age and sex distribution. Two subjects passed away during the 3‐month experimental period. Following medical history, plaque scores and tooth brushing habits were evaluated within the context of a comprehensive clinical assessment. Furthermore, a Mini Mental State and a vision test were taken. Based on the results of these health assessments both the EG and the CG were divided into an ‘assisted’ (IA) and an ‘independent‘ (II) subgroup. In the EG, tooth brushing was initially taught and in the IA monitored and re‐educated once a week by an occupational therapist. In contrast, the CG‐IA group received a weekly placebo activity such as manicure by the same person.Results:  From the individual movements taught and monitored by the occupational therapist, opening a tube of toothpaste (n.s.) and denture brushing (p < 0.05) were performed more independently after 3 months. Both the occupational therapy and the placebo activity led to a significant improvement in oral (p < 0.01 and 0.05) and in denture hygiene (p < 0.001 and 0.05). From all participants, the EG‐IA subgroup presented the most significant amelioration in plaque (p < 0.01) and denture hygiene scores (p < 0.001). This group consisted mostly of subjects with an impaired cognitive state.Conclusions:  Despite the marked placebo effect, the results indicate that occupational therapy is particularly useful to improve the oral and denture hygiene in dependent and cognitively impaired LTC residents and may promote their autonomy in the execution of activities of daily life such as denture brushing.
Oral health‐related well‐being of the long‐term hospitalised elderly
Authors: Peltola Petteri , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Simoila Riitta 
Published: February 2005

Objective:  To investigate oral health‐related well‐being of the long‐term hospitalised elderly as reported by their primary nurses in relation to subject's oral health assessed either by primary nurses or by a clinical dental examination.Background data:  Little is known about oral health‐related well‐being of the medically compromised, long‐term hospitalised elderly, most of whom are unable to express their feelings and opinions.Materials and methods:  A cross‐sectional study using a questionnaire for primary nurses about oral health and oral health‐related well‐being regarding functional, pain/discomfort‐related, and psychosocial limitations of the subjects (n = 255) and assessment of oral health by clinical examination. The total number of limitations and the number of limitations in each category was calculated.Results:  Most (77%) of our subjects were unable to eat normal food. Functional limitations dominated followed by psychosocial and pain/discomfort‐related limitations. Overall assessment by each subject's primary nurse ranked oral health of as good for 9% of subjects, as moderate for 44%, and as poor for 47%. Clinical examination‐based assessment ranked oral health as good for 19%, as moderate for 33%, and as poor for 48% of our subjects, with good oral health being ranked as good for more men than women (26% vs. 16%; p = 0.045). Fewer limitations were recorded for those with better oral health assessed both by primary nurse and by clinical examination.Conclusion:  More efforts are called for to maintain the oral health of the long‐term hospitalised elderly so as to improve their well‐being.
The Interaction of Social and Emotional Processes in the Brain
Authors: Norris Catherine J. , Chen E. Elinor , Zhu David C. , Small Steven L. , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Social stimuli function as emotional barometers for the immediate environment are the catalysts for many emotional reactions, and have inherent value for relationships and survival independent of their current emotional content. We, therefore, propose that the neural mechanisms underlying social and emotional information processing may be interconnected. In the current study, we examined the independent and interactive effects of social and emotional processes on brain activation. Whole-brain images were acquired while participants viewed and categorized affective pictures that varied on two dimensions: emotional content (i.e., neutral, emotional) and social content (i.e., faces/people, objects/scenes). Patterns of activation were consistent with past findings demonstrating that the amygdala and part of the visual cortex were more active to emotionally evocative pictures than to neutral pictures and that the superior temporal sulcus was more active to social than to nonsocial pictures. Furthermore, activation of the superior temporal sulcus and middle occipito-temporal cortex showed evidence of the interactive processing of emotional and social information, whereas activation of the amygdala showed evidence of additive effects. These results indicate that interactive effects occur early in the stream of processing, suggesting that social and emotional information garner greater attentional resources and that the conjunction of social and emotional cues results in synergistic early processing, whereas the amygdala appears to be primarily implicated in processing biologically or personally relevant stimuli, regardless of the nature of the relevance (i.e., social, emotional, or both).
Dominance Attributions Following Damage to the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Karafin Matthew S. , Tranel Daniel , Adolphs Ralph 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Damage to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM) can result in dramatic and maladaptive changes in social behavior despite preservation of most other cognitive abilities. One important aspect of social cognition is the ability to detect social dominance, a process of attributing from particular social signals another person's relative standing in the social world. To test the role of the VM in making attributions of social dominance, we designed two experiments: one requiring dominance judgments from static pictures of faces, the second requiring dominance judgments from film clips. We tested three demographically matched groups of subjects: subjects with focal lesions in the VM (n = 15), brain-damaged comparison subjects with lesions excluding the VM (n = 11), and a reference group of normal individuals with no history of neurological disease (n = 32). Contrary to our expectation, we found that subjects with VM lesions gave dominance judgments on both tasks that did not differ significantly from those given by the other groups. Despite their grossly normal performance, however, subjects with VM lesions showed more subtle impairments specifically when judging static faces: They were less discriminative in their dominance judgments, and did not appear to make normal use of gender and age of the faces in forming their judgments. The findings suggest that, in the laboratory tasks we used, damage to the VM does not necessarily impair judgments of social dominance, although it appears to result in alterations in strategy that might translate into behavioral impairments in real life.
Recognition Memory for Emotional and Neutral Faces: An Event-Related Potential Study
Authors: Johansson Mikael , Mecklinger Axel , Treese Anne-Cécile 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis study examined emotional influences on the hypothesized event-related potential (ERP) correlates of familiarity and recollection (Experiment 1) and the states of awareness (Experiment 2) accompanying recognition memory for faces differing in facial affect. Participants made gender judgments to positive, negative, and neutral faces at study and were in the test phase instructed to discriminate between studied and nonstudied faces. Whereas old–new discrimination was unaffected by facial expression, negative faces were recollected to a greater extent than both positive and neutral faces as reflected in the parietal ERP old–new effect and in the proportion of remember judgments. Moreover, emotion-specific modulations were observed in frontally recorded ERPs elicited by correctly rejected new faces that concurred with a more liberal response criterion for emotional as compared to neutral faces. Taken together, the results are consistent with the view that processes promoting recollection are facilitated for negative events and that emotion may affect recognition performance by influencing criterion setting mediated by the prefrontal cortex.
A Barotropic Envelope Rossby Soliton Model for Block–Eddy Interaction. Part I: Effect of Topography
Authors: Luo Dehai 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA new forced envelope Rossby soliton model in an equivalent barotropic beta-plane channel is proposed to describe the interaction between an incipient block (planetary scale) and short synoptic-scale eddies. This model is based on two assumptions, motivated by observations that (i) there exists a zonal scale separation between the planetary-scale and synoptic-scale waves and (ii) that the range of synoptic-scale zonal wavenumber is comparable to the planetary-scale zonal wavenumber. These assumptions allow an analytical treatment. The evolution of the planetary-scale block under the influence of synoptic-scale eddies is described by a forced nonlinear Schrödinger equation that is solved numerically, while the feedback of block development on the preexisting synoptic-scale eddies is derived analytically. It is shown that the planetary-scale projection of the nonlinear interaction between synoptic-scale eddies is the most important contributor to the amplification and decay of the planetary-scale blocking dipole or anticyclone, while the synoptic–planetary-scale interaction contributes significantly to the downstream development of preexisting synoptic-scale eddies. Large-scale topography plays a secondary role compared to the synoptic-scale eddies in exciting the block. However, it plays a role in inducing a standing planetary-scale ridge prior to block onset, which fixes the geographical location of the block and induces meridional asymmetry in the flow. In particular, the topographically induced planetary-scale ridge that is almost in phase with a dipole component of blocking flow is found to be a controlling factor for the northward deflection of storm tracks associated with blocking anticyclones.
Observed Cyclone–Anticyclone Tropopause Vortex Asymmetries
Authors: Hakim Gregory J. , Canavan Amelia K. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Relatively little is known about coherent vortices near the extratropical tropopause, even with regard to basic facts about their frequency of occurrence, longevity, and structure. This study addresses these issues through an objective census of observed tropopause vortices. The authors test a hypothesis regarding vortex-merger asymmetry where cyclone pairs are repelled and anticyclone pairs are attracted by divergent flow due to frontogenesis. Emphasis is placed on arctic vortices, where jet stream influences are weaker, in order to facilitate comparisons with earlier idealized numerical simulations.
Results show that arctic cyclones are more numerous, persistent, and stronger than arctic anticyclones. An average of 15 cyclonic vortices and 11 anticyclonic vortices are observed per month, with maximum frequency of occurrence for cyclones (anticyclones) during winter (summer). There are are about 47% more cyclones than anticyclones that survive at least 4 days, and for longer lifetimes, 1-day survival probabilities are nearly constant at 65% for cyclones, and 55% for anticyclones. Mean tropopause potential-temperature amplitude is 13 K for cyclones and 11 K for anticyclones, with cyclones exhibiting a greater tail toward larger values.
An analysis of close-proximity vortex pairs reveals divergence between cyclones and convergence between anticyclones. This result agrees qualitatively with previous idealized numerical simulations, although it is unclear to what extent the divergent circulations regulate vortex asymmetries.
Stress Distribution in the Superior Labrum during Throwing Motion
Authors: Yeh Ming-Long , Lintner David , Luo Zong-Ping 
Published: February 2005

Background Superior labrum anterior posterior lesions are common among athletes participating in overhead throwing sports. One described mechanism of injury is application of high local stress via repetitive loading of the long head of the biceps tendon attached to the superior labrum; however, the stress environment within the labrum has not been investigated to date. Hypothesis Biceps origin locations and throwing phases determine the stress distributions causing lesions of the superior labrum within the labrum itself Study Design Descriptive laboratory study Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of the labrum glenoid complex with anterior, central, and posterior biceps origins were developed at 4 orientations to simulate the phases of pitching: early cocking, late cocking, acceleration, and deceleration. Results The stress magnitudes at the labrum glenoid interface for the deceleration phase were highest for all biceps origins. Anatomical variations of the biceps insertion affected the stress only during the deceleration phase. Both the biceps origin and throwing phase influenced the location of high stress. Conclusion Deceleration could be the throwing phase that causes tearing at the superior labrum. This finding provides further understanding for localizing the possible initiation of superior labrum anterior posterior lesions.