bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mathematical, classical stratification modeling approach to disentangling the impact of weather on infectious diseases: A case study using spatio-temporally disaggregated Campylobacter surveillance data for England and Wales
Authors: Lo Iacono Giovanni , Cook Alasdair J. C. , Derks Gianne , Fleming Lora E. , French Nigel , Gillingham Emma L. , Gonzalez Villeta Laura C. , Heaviside Clare , La Ragione Roberto M. , Leonardi Giovanni , Sarran Christophe E. , Vardoulakis Sotiris , Senyah Francis , van Vliet Arnoud H. M. , Nichols Gordon 
Published: January 2024

Disentangling the impact of the weather on transmission of infectious diseases is crucial for health protection, preparedness and prevention. Because weather factors are co-incidental and partly correlated, we have used geography to separate out the impact of individual weather parameters on other seasonal variables using campylobacteriosis as a case study. Campylobacter infections are found worldwide and are the most common bacterial food-borne disease in developed countries, where they exhibit consistent but country specific seasonality. We developed a novel conditional incidence method, based on classical stratification, exploiting the long term, high-resolution, linkage of approximately one-million campylobacteriosis cases over 20 years in England and Wales with local meteorological datasets from diagnostic laboratory locations. The predicted incidence of campylobacteriosis increased by 1 case per million people for every 5° (Celsius) increase in temperature within the range of 8°–15°. Limited association was observed outside that range. There were strong associations with day-length. Cases tended to increase with relative humidity in the region of 75–80%, while the associations with rainfall and wind-speed were weaker.
The approach is able to examine multiple factors and model how complex trends arise, e.g. the consistent steep increase in campylobacteriosis in England and Wales in May-June and its spatial variability. This transparent and straightforward approach leads to accurate predictions without relying on regression models and/or postulating specific parameterisations. A key output of the analysis is a thoroughly phenomenological description of the incidence of the disease conditional on specific local weather factors. The study can be crucially important to infer the elusive mechanism of transmission of campylobacteriosis; for instance, by simulating the conditional incidence for a postulated mechanism and compare it with the phenomenological patterns as benchmark. The findings challenge the assumption, commonly made in statistical models, that the transformed mean rate of infection for diseases like campylobacteriosis is a mere additive and combination of the environmental variables.
Prevalence and health consequences of nonmedical use of tramadol in Africa: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Boun Saidou Sabi , Omonaiye Olumuyiwa , Yaya Sanni 
Published: January 2024

Tramadol is a widely prescribed painkiller around the world. As a synthetic opioid, it offers a valuable substitute for morphine and its derivatives in African countries. However, the adverse health effects of tramadol use resulting from illicit trafficking, like those caused by fentanyl and methadone in North America, have not been well-documented in Africa. This scoping review aims to shed light on the nature and scope of the nonmedical use (NMU) of tramadol in Africa and its associated health consequences. To carry out our scoping review, we used Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five-step approach for exploratory analysis and followed Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines for scoping reviews to ensure systematic and replicable studies. We then searched six databases: Medline, Global Health (EBSCO), Scopus, Web of Science, the African Journals online database, and for grey literature via Google Scholar without any time restriction. The articles were imported into Covidence and reviewed by two independent researchers. Eighty-three studies on NMU of tramadol’s prevalence or health consequences were selected from 532 titles/abstracts screened, including 60 cross-sectional and six qualitative studies from 10 African countries. Findings from the included studies highlighted five distinct groups significantly affected by the NMU of tramadol. These groups include: 1) young adults/active populations with varying degrees of prevalence ranging from 1.9% to 77.04%, 2) professionals, where drivers exhibit a relatively high prevalence of tramadol NMU, ranging from 7.2% to 35.1%, and commercial motorcyclists, with a prevalence of 76%, 3) patients, who have a high rate of tramadol NMUs, with prevalence rates ranging from 77.1% to 92%, 4) academics, with a considerable rate of tramadol misuse among substance-using undergraduates (74.2%) and substance-using high school students (83.3%), and 5) other individuals impacted in various ways. The health consequences are classified into four distinct types: intoxication, dependence syndrome, withdrawal syndrome and other symptoms. Despite providing a comprehensive global overview of the phenomenon described in the African literature, this systematic scoping review’s main limitations stem from the relatively limited exploration of various consequences of the NMU of tramadol, notably those of a social and economic nature. Our review shows that tramadol misuse affects diverse populations in Africa. The prevalence of misuse varies within sub-populations, indicating the complexity of the issue. Professional and academic groups have different rates of misuse across regions. This highlights the need for targeted interventions to address unique challenges contributing to tramadol misuse. Future studies should focus on the social and economic costs of abuse on households to better understand the impact on well-being.Systematic review registration:Open Science Framework:https://osf.io/ykt25/.
Effects of first year COVID-19 pandemic on urology practice in three major Arab Countries: Sub-Analysis of a survey by Arab association of urology research group
Authors: Elmohamady Basheer , Omar Mohamed , El-Dakhakhny Amr S. , Sayedahmed Khalid , Ghazwani Yahia , Bin Hamri Saeed , Alkhayal Abdullah , Alrabeeah Khalid , Kamal Wissam , Abbasy Mohamed , Farahat Yasser , Noureldin Yasser A. 
Published: January 2024

Background and objectives
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on March 11, 2020. The health care system faced tremendous challenges in providing ethical and high-quality care. The impact of COVID-19 on urological practices varied widely worldwide, including in Arab countries. This study aimed to compare the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology practice in Egypt, the KSA, and the UAE during the first year of the pandemic.

Methods
This sub-analysis assessed the demographics and COVID-19’s effects on urological practice in terms of adjustments to hospital policy, including outpatient consultations, the management of elective and urgent surgical cases, and the continuation of education across the three countries. The availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and urologists’ emotional, physical, and verbal intimidation during COVID-19 were also compared.

Results
Regarding the impact on hospital policy, consultations replaced by telemedicine were significantly higher in the KSA (36.15%), followed by the UAE (33.3%), then Egypt (10.4%) (P = 0.008). Elective cases requiring ICU admission were 65.1% in Egypt, 45.2% in the KSA, and 58.2% in the UAE and were performed only in high-risk patients. PPE was freely available in 20.8% of the Egyptian hospitals compared to 83.3% in the KSA and 81.8% in the UAE. Online courses were significantly higher in Egypt (70.8%), followed by the UAE (53%) and the KSA (41.7%) (P = 0.02). Emotional intimidation was higher than verbal intimidation, representing 80%, 75.9%, and 76% in the UAE, KSA, and Egypt, respectively.

Conclusion
This sub-analysis outlined significant hospital policy changes across the three Arab countries. Exposure to emotional, verbal, and physical intimidation was observed. The development of teleconsultations and online platforms for educational purposes was observed.
Lyotard and Critical Practice, Kiff Bamford and Margaret Grebowicz (eds) (2023)
Authors: Paganelli Mattia 
Published: January 2024

Review of: Lyotard and Critical Practice, Kiff Bamford and Margaret Grebowicz (eds) (2023)
London: Bloomsbury, 238 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-35019-202-7, h/bk, GBP 85.00
Use of a Novel Artificial Intelligence System Leads to the Detection of Significantly Higher Number of Adenomas During Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy: Results From a Large, Prospective, US Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Desai Madhav , Ausk Karlee , Brannan Donald , Chhabra Rajiv , Chan Walter , Chiorean Michael , Gross Seth A. , Girotra Mohit , Haber Gregory , Hogan Reed B. , Jacob Bobby , Jonnalagadda Sreeni , Iles-Shih Lulu , Kumar Navin , Law Joanna , Lee Linda , Lin Otto , Mizrahi Meir , Pacheco Paulo , Parasa Sravanthi , Phan Jennifer , Reeves Vonda , Sethi Amrita , Snell David , Underwood James , Venu Nanda , Visrodia Kavel , Wong Alina , Winn Jessica , Wright Cindy Haden , Sharma Prateek 
Published: January 2024

INTRODUCTION:Adenoma per colonoscopy (APC) has recently been proposed as a quality measure for colonoscopy. We evaluated the impact of a novel artificial intelligence (AI) system, compared with standard high-definition colonoscopy, for APC measurement.METHODS:This was a US-based, multicenter, prospective randomized trial examining a novel AI detection system (EW10-EC02) that enables a real-time colorectal polyp detection enabled with the colonoscope (CAD-EYE). Eligible average-risk subjects (45 years or older) undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy were randomized to undergo either CAD-EYE–assisted colonoscopy (CAC) or conventional colonoscopy (CC). Modified intention-to-treat analysis was performed for all patients who completed colonoscopy with the primary outcome of APC. Secondary outcomes included positive predictive value (total number of adenomas divided by total polyps removed) and adenoma detection rate.RESULTS:In modified intention-to-treat analysis, of 1,031 subjects (age: 59.1 ± 9.8 years; 49.9% male), 510 underwent CAC vs 523 underwent CC with no significant differences in age, gender, ethnicity, or colonoscopy indication between the 2 groups. CAC led to a significantly higher APC compared with CC: 0.99 ± 1.6 vs 0.85 ± 1.5,P= 0.02, incidence rate ratio 1.17 (1.03–1.33,P= 0.02) with no significant difference in the withdrawal time: 11.28 ± 4.59 minutes vs 10.8 ± 4.81 minutes;P= 0.11 between the 2 groups. Difference in positive predictive value of a polyp being an adenoma among CAC and CC was less than 10% threshold established: 48.6% vs 54%, 95% CI −9.56% to −1.48%. There were no significant differences in adenoma detection rate (46.9% vs 42.8%), advanced adenoma (6.5% vs 6.3%), sessile serrated lesion detection rate (12.9% vs 10.1%), and polyp detection rate (63.9% vs 59.3%) between the 2 groups. There was a higher polyp per colonoscopy with CAC compared with CC: 1.68 ± 2.1 vs 1.33 ± 1.8 (incidence rate ratio 1.27; 1.15–1.4;P< 0.01).DISCUSSION:Use of a novel AI detection system showed to a significantly higher number of adenomas per colonoscopy compared with conventional high-definition colonoscopy without any increase in colonoscopy withdrawal time, thus supporting the use of AI-assisted colonoscopy to improve colonoscopy quality (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04979962).
Parametric singular double phase Dirichlet problems
Authors: Bai Yunru , Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Zeng Shengda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider a parametric (with two parameters

μ
,
λ
>
0

\mu ,\lambda \gt 0

) Dirichlet problem driven by the double phase differential operator and a reaction which has the competing effect of a singular term and of a superlinear perturbation. We prove a bifurcation-type result in the parameter

λ
>
0

\lambda \gt 0

, when the other parameter

μ
>
0

\mu \gt 0

is large.
Evaluation of the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Tan Binbin , Chen Jun , Wang Wensheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
An ecofriendly and green procedure was adopted to immobilize Ag NPs over acacia gum (GA)-modified magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-GA/Ag NPs) with analgesic and anesthetic properties. In the stepwise modification method, the pre-synthesized Fe3O4 NPs were coated by the gum acacia (GA) that has hydroxyl groups on its backbone and can be used for as a capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent for immobilized Ag nanoparticles. The capped Ag ions were reduced and immobilized over the acacia gum because of hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl groups. The final bio-material was characterized by various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission microscope, transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and fourier transformed infra red spectroscopy. In the in vivo design, the results of anesthetic activity indicated that the Fe3O4-GA/Ag NPs made local anesthetic effects in guinea pig and frog models. After oral administration of Fe3O4-GA/Ag NPs, paw edema was significantly decreased in mice. Acetic acid-induced writhing episodes were dose-dependently and significantly decreased in all groups treated with Fe3O4-GA/Ag NPs. In addition, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were determined in several doses of Fe3O4-GA/Ag NPs. The above results protect the analgesic and anesthetic properties of silver nanoparticles supported over biodegradable acacia gum-modified magnetic nanoparticles for the next research or clinical trial studies in human.
Allostructions and stancetaking: a corpus study of the German discourse management constructionsWo/wenn wir gerade/schon dabei sind
Authors: Gillmann Melitta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe paper reconciles the sociolinguistic concept of stance and stancetaking and Construction Grammar (CxG); it shows that overlapping allostructions may differ in terms of the stances they convey. Drawing on a corpus study of Wikipedia Talk pages, the paper presents a case study of German discourse management markers such aswo wir gerade dabei sind‘speaking of which’ orwenn wir schon dabei sind‘while we’re at it’. By statistically comparing the observed frequencies of the filler items with the expected ones (using Hierarchical Configural Frequency Analysis and Distinctive Collexeme Analysis), I will argue that there are two different collocational types, namelywo wir/ich gerade beiNPsind/bin‘as we are/I am just at NP’ andwenn wir/du schon beiNPsind/bist‘as we/you are already at NP’. Both serve as discourse management markers, topic orientation markers in particular, whose purpose it is to shift the topic. They involve the same fixed pattern, combining the same categorical slots. However, they diverge in collocational preferences. I will argue that these collocational preferences are indicative of the stances the allostructions conventionally convey: While the allostructionwo wir/ich geradePPsind/binseems to be neutral in terms of stance (face-less stance),wenn wir/du schonPPsind/bistis often used to express negative evaluation of a previous utterance made by an interlocutor, thus marking disalignment. The expression of disalignment seems to be related to the construction’s propensity to reference utterances made by an interlocutor.
Efficiency Measurement in Healthcare: The Foundations, Variables, and Models – A Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Andrews Antony , Emvalomatis Grigorios 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Efficiency and productivity analysis have been critical in healthcare and economics literature. Despite the tremendous innovation in methodology and data availability, a comprehensive literature review on this topic has not been conducted recently. This article provides a three-part literature review of healthcare efficiency and productivity studies. It begins by reviewing the two primary empirical methods used in healthcare efficiency studies, emphasising the treatment of inefficiency persistence. Second, previous contributions to healthcare productivity research are discussed with a focus on methodology and findings. In the third section, various measures of outputs, inputs, and prices in health literature are explored to determine the extent of consensus in the literature. On the methodological front, the literature review shows that while the Data Envelopment Analysis and the Stochastic Frontier Analysis have been used extensively in healthcare productivity and efficiency studies, their application in the context of longitudinal data is limited. Further, no study currently undertakes to measure the TFP changes and its components that use both primal and dual approaches. There is also a considerable variation in the use of inputs, outputs, and price variables, suggesting that the use of variables in healthcare productivity and efficiency literature rests on the balance between data availability and the research scope.
The complex of Weyl module in free characteristic in the event of a partition (7,5,3)
Authors: Rabeea Raheem Ghsoon , Razooki Hassan Haytham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this research, the diagrams and divided power, together with their Capelli’s identities, were employed to investigate“the Complex of Lascoux”\mbox{''}{the\; Complex\; of\; Lascoux}\mbox{''}in the situation ofpartition{partition}(7,5,3).
Interventions in Roadway Engineering to Achieve Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Wang Ying , Yi Junyan , Li Ziyang , Cao Jiwei , Feng Decheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As an essential part of the highway ecosystem, road plants can absorb much carbon dioxide emitted by operating vehicles. In this study, road plants’ carbon sequestration capacity and carbon neutralization strategy were quantitatively investigated. Firstly, the structure of the asphalt pavement of the expressway was formulated, and the carbon emissions of asphalt pavement at each stage were calculated and analyzed through construction site data monitoring and reference to the life cycle assessment database. Secondly, combined with the theory of carbon sequestration and oxygen release, quantitative analysis was carried out on the photosynthesis of typical green plants, and the carbon sequestration amount of different plant combinations was calculated. Finally, based on the carbon neutralization goal, the time required to complete the carbon emission neutralization in the construction period was proposed. The results show that different plant types have different carbon sequestration and oxygen release capacity for carbon emissions in the road system, and a reasonable combination of plants can greatly reduce the number of years required to complete carbon emissions during the construction period of unit functional roads. This study has great theoretical significance and practical value for reducing carbon emissions and achieving sustainable development.
Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable UHPC Using Industrial Waste Residues and Sea/Manufactured Sand
Authors: Ge Wenjie , Zhu Shixin , Yang Jie , Ashour Ashraf , Zhang Zhiwen , Li Wei , Jiang Hongbo , Cao Dafu , Shuai Huaguo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Considering the continuous development of sustainable development, energy saving, and emission reduction concepts, it is very important to reduce concrete’s cement content in order to improve its environmental impact. Using a reactive admixture to replace part of the cement in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) can effectively improve the overall performance of the concrete and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which is an important aspect of environmental protection. Here, industrial waste residue (fly ash and slag), sea sand (SS), and manufactured sand (MS) were used to produce UHPC under standard curing conditions to reduce the material cost and make it more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The effects of water–binder ratio, contents of cementitious materials, types of sands, and content of steel fibers on the mechanical performance of UHPC under standard curing were investigated experimentally. In addition, evaluations of the impermeability, chloride, and freeze-thaw resistance of various UHPCs produced were conducted by investigating the effects of various factors on the depth under hydraulic pressure and electric flux of UHPC, as well as the mass loss, relative dynamic modulus of elasticity, flexural strength, and compressive strength of UHPC specimens after freeze-thaw cycles. The obtained experimental results show that the SS-UHPC and MS-UHPC prepared by standard curing exhibit high strength, excellent impermeability, and chloride resistance. The frost-resistant grade of all groups of UHPCs prepared by standard curing was greater than F500 and had excellent freeze–thaw resistance, including those produced with local tap water or artificial seawater. The investigation presented in this paper could contribute to the production of new low-cost and environmentally friendly UHPCs and accelerate the application of UHPC in engineering structures.
DOHaD: A Menagerie of Adaptations and Perspectives: Long-lasting effects of the presence of male siblings in utero on subsequent reproductive performance
Authors: Douhard Mathieu , Ronget Victor , Douhard Frédéric 
Published: January 2024

In brief
In litter-bearing species, developing offspring can be exposed to different concentrations of androgens and oestrogens according to the sex of neighbouring fetuses. However, the relationships between litter sex composition and subsequent reproductive performance are discordant and complex.

Abstract
Laboratory studies with rodents indicate that in utero proximity of a female to male fetus can affect female’s subsequent reproduction due to elevated testosterone exposure during early development. It remains unknown whether these findings can be generalised to non-laboratory species because the need for caesarean section makes it difficult to determine the intrauterine position outside laboratory conditions. As an alternative, some studies have compared the reproductive performance of individuals born in male-biased litters to those born in female-biased litters. We identified 44 of those studies in 28 viviparous species for a total of 176 relationships between litter sex composition around the time of birth and subsequent reproductive performance (fertility, fecundity, age at first reproduction, interbirth intervals or post-natal survival of offspring). Those relationships are discordant and complex both within and across species. Some factors can mask an actual association between litter sex composition and reproductive performance. Conversely, a part of significant relationships between litter sex composition and reproductive performance likely arises via pathways other than androgen- and oestrogen-transfer between fetuses of different sexes.