bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A drilling combination positioning method based on geomagnetic/inertial navigation combined with PSD improved unscented Kalman filtering algorithm*
Authors: Yang Hai , Qin Bangji , Wei Shuai , Zhang Yunfei , Gao Shanjun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the drilling process, the accuracy of measuring drilling tool attitude is severely affected by measurement drift errors in the inertial device itself and the significant interference noise generated by the impact vibration of the drill bit. To address these issues and achieve precise measurement of drilling trajectory, this paper proposes a combined positioning method based on geomagnetism/inertial navigation combined with PSD improved unscented Kalman filtering. An experimental platform was constructed, and a sensor system was installed in the vicinity of the drill bit for short section measurements. Experimental verification was conducted using actual drilling data. The results demonstrate that, compared to general unscented Kalman filtering, the average position error using PSD improved unscented Kalman filtering was reduced from 0.122 m to 0.088 m, and the average velocity error was reduced from 0.019 m s−1 to 0.005 m s−1. By comparing and matching with the drilling trajectory drawn in the logging process, the overall positioning accuracy of the combined positioning method is as high as 90.8%, yielding positioning results that are highly authentic and effective, thereby meeting the on-site usage requirements.
Exploring the effects of temperature on the mechanical properties of high-entropy alloy (CoCrFeNiAl0.1) based on molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Liu Yunhai , Che Benteng , Wang Xiaowen , Luo Yiyao , Zhang Hu , Liu Ligao , Xu Penghui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to further explore the influence of temperature on the face-centered cubic (FCC) single-phase crystal CoCrFeNiAl0.1, we conducted a series of Nano-indentation experiments on CoCrFeNiAl0.1 at different temperatures. At room temperature, the effects of indentation can convert a portion of CoCrFeNiAl0.1’s FCC phase into a funnel-shaped hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase, resulting less deformation on the sides of the indenter. What we analyzed shows that CoCrFeNiAl0.1’s HCP phase has excellent heat resistance and mechanics, allowing CoCrFeNiAl0.1 to maintain great properties in high-temperature environments. However, if T ⩾ 1500 K, high temperature will decrease the number of the HCP phases and dislocation density, leading to an accelerated decline in material strength. This research can provide a theoretical relationship between temperature and microstructural evolution for the research and application of CoCrFeNiAl0.1 in high-temperature environments.
Growth dynamics of nanocolumnar thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering at oblique angles
Authors: Alvarez R , Garcia-Valenzuela A , Regodon G , Ferrer F J , Rico V , Garcia-Martin J M , Gonzalez-Elipe A R , Palmero A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The morphology of numerous nanocolumnar thin films deposited by the magnetron sputtering technique at oblique geometries and at relatively low temperatures has been analyzed for materials as different as Au, Pt, Ti, Cr, TiO2, Al, HfN, Mo, V, WO3 and W. Despite similar deposition conditions, two characteristic nanostructures have been identified depending on the material: a first one defined by highly tilted and symmetric nanocolumnar structures with a relatively high film density, and a second one characterized by rather vertical and asymmetric nanocolumns, with a much lower film density. With the help of a model, the two characteristic nanostructures have been linked to different growth dynamics and, specifically, to different surface relaxation mechanisms upon the incorporation of gaseous species with kinetic energies above the surface binding energy. Moreover, in the case of Ti, a smooth structural transition between the two types of growths has been found when varying the value of the power used to maintain the plasma discharge. Based on these results, the existence of different surface relaxation mechanisms is proposed, which quantitatively explains numerous experimental results under the same conceptual framework.
One-step fabrication of flexible polyamide@Ag-dodecanethiol membranes for highly sensitive SERS detection of thiram
Authors: Li Lujie , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Lan , Li Wei , Xu Tao , Wang Lingling , Liu Chang , Li Weihua , Li Jiansheng , Lu Rui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is an effective spectral technology based on Raman scattering, but in practice, the commonly used SERS substrates suffer from low sensitivity and poor stability. In order to overcome these limitations, the SERS substrates were prepared from hydrophobic modification of dodecanethiol (C12) coupled with a flexible substrate, which was then used for pesticides detection in water. A flexible PA@Ag-C12 substrate with surface functionalization has been obtained. This work aims to investigate the self-assembly of Ag NPs modified with C12 onto polyamide (PA) membranes. Initially, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the substrate’s morphology. Then with the help of an energy-dispersive spectrometer, sulfur content of C12-modified Ag NPs was analyzed. In order to determine the hydrophobicity of the modified Ag NPs, the contact angle was used. The results indicate that the gap between Ag NPs on PA membrane can be effectively controlled in order to prevent Ag NPs from aggregating. Furthermore, the finite-difference time-domain analysis indicated that the PA@Ag-C12 substrate exhibited a stronger electromagnetic enhancement effect than the PA@Ag substrate. By reducing NPs gaps on the PA membrane, the number of ‘hot spots’ increased, and the SERS performance of the substrate was improved as a result. According to the results of this study, this method can greatly reduce the manufacturing costs and time costs of the SERS substrate while maintaining the original uniformity. The SERS performance of PA@Ag-C12 was found to be three orders of magnitude better than that of PA@Ag direct self-assembled substrate, and the detection limit for Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was approximately 8.47 × 10−14 M. On the basis of the PA@Ag-C12 substrate, thiram is detectable at a detection limit of 5.88 × 10−11 M with a high degree of sensitivity and repeatability.
The force is strong
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Schouten Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introductory physics courses cover the gravitational and electromagnetic force in some detail, but the strong and weak nuclear forces are often given only a cursory treatment. This paper presents some ideas for teaching students about the strong force using practical hands-on demonstrations and using the strong force potential in teaching certain aspects of calculus. A good analogy to the strong force is to place a strong magnet on a metal whiteboard. The magnet must be very close to the board for the magnet to stick to the metal exemplifying the short range of the strong force. Another analogy that can easily be demonstrated in the classroom is placing two cylindrical magnets with facing like poles in a vertically oriented Perspex tube. Velcro is another analogy since the strong force acts over such a short range it is essentially a contact force. The plot of the strong force versus distance and strong potential versus distance is a practical way of teaching students the reciprocal relationship between differentiation and integration. The Reid potential model of the strong interaction (Reid 1968 Ann. Phys., NY
50 411–448) is a good example of differentiating and integrating exponential functions. A calculation is included that shows that the strong force is approximately 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force. A link between the strong force and Heisenberg uncertainty principle is also made.
Methodology of organizing astronomical observations of asteroids and comets within the extracurricular activities of students
Authors: Tercu Jan-Ovidiu , Chistol Vitalie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, the methodology of using a telescope and charge-coupled device camera for organizing astrometric observations of asteroids and comets, as well as photometric observations of asteroids, is presented. Since astronomy is not studied as a separate subject in schools in Romania and the Republic of Moldova (as well as in many other countries), this methodology can be used within extracurricular activities for students. The observations described in the article took place at the astronomical observatory within the ‘Răsvan Angheluță’ Natural Sciences Museum Complex in Galați, Romania.
Topological phase in a nonreciprocal Kitaev chain
Authors: Yan Yu , Cui Wen-Xue , Liu Shutian , Cao Ji , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong-Fu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We systematically investigate the nonreciprocal Kitaev chain, where the nonreciprocity arises from the hopping amplitude and pairing strength. By studying the Hamiltonians under three different bases, we reveal that the nonreciprocal hopping amplitude cannot induce a topological phase transition, but can result in the complex energy spectrum and non-Hermitian skin effect. Moreover, the Majorana zero energy edge modes, which are robust against the nonreciprocal hopping amplitude, exist stably in the topologically nontrivial phase. On the other hand, the nonreciprocal pairing strength can trigger a topological phase transition, which is associated with the pseudo-Hermitian symmetry breaking. More interestingly, we observe that the exceptional points independent of the topological phase can be determined by the dispersion relation, and there is no non-Hermitian skin effect in the system. Furthermore, we calculate the topological invariant to demonstrate the validity of the bulk-edge correspondence in the pseudo-Hermitian symmetry-unbroken region. Our investigation provides a path to explore the fundamental physics pertaining to the interplay between nonreciprocity and topology in the non-Hermitian topological superconductors.
Regional temperature extremes and vulnerability under net zero CO2 emissions
Authors: Cassidy Liam J , King Andrew D , Brown Josephine R , MacDougall Andrew H , Ziehn Tilo , Min Seung-Ki , Jones Chris D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Signatories to the Paris Agreement have pledged to keep global warming to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and preferably below 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. Beyond over-shooting Paris Agreement warming levels followed by net negative emissions, achieving a state of net zero carbon dioxide emissions is required to satisfy Paris Agreement warming goals. Research on climate changes under net zero CO2 emissions is very limited to date with no comprehensive analysis of changes in extremes. In this study, we use results from Earth System Models in the zero emissions commitment model intercomparison project to understand regional mean-state climate change patterns during a 100 year period following carbon dioxide emissions cessation. We also perform an initial study of the evolution of hot and cold monthly temperature extremes after net zero CO2 emissions, including an assessment of how the change in frequency of temperature extremes affects areas of different levels of socioeconomic development based on regional Human Development Index (HDI). The results show that most land regions experience a fast and continuous cooling response following emissions cessation, with large areas of significant model agreement. In contrast, the Southern Ocean continues warming over the century after emissions cessation. The frequency of land-based local monthly high temperature extremes generally stays constant or decreases during the century after emissions cessation, however, decreases in heat extreme frequencies are generally less for locations with lower modern HDI than areas with higher HDI which suggests that inequality of climate change will remain an issue even after net zero CO2 emissions. There is an evident emergence of local monthly cold extremes following emissions cessation with most significant impact over high HDI mid- and high-latitude land regions.
Effect of abrasive grit grade on the abrasion wear behaviour of long banana-jute fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites
Authors: K S Krupesh , R Suresh , B M Rudresh , K Ajaykumar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effect of abrasive grit geometry on two-body abrasion wear behavior of long banana and jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been investigated. Epoxy (EP), Epoxy/4 wt% Banana fiber (BF)/4 wt%Jute fiber (JF) (EP8), Epoxy/8 wt%BF/8 wt%JF (EP16), Epoxy/12 wt%BF/12 wt% JF (EP24), and Epoxy/16 wt% BF/16 wt%JF (EP32) were the composite materials systems used for the investigation. These composites were processed and fabricated using hand—lay-up technique. The two body abrasion wear test was carried out in accordance with ASTM G99 under the influence of different SiC grit particles (180, 320, 400, and 600 SiC grit). The test was conducted at a room temperature under the abrasion load of 10 N and abrasion speed of 1 m s−1 over a distance of 100 m. The findings of the experiments revealed that wear response of composites depends on pressure, geometry of abrasion particles and their composition. The wear volume loss and specific wear rate decreases with increase in the rank of grit grade. Further, 16 wt% of fibers in composites exhibits the superior abrasion wear resistance. But the higher volume fraction of natural fibers in composites impaired the abrasion wear resistance. Higher rank of grit number was associated with the lesser wear volume loss because of the change in wear mechanism from abrasion to adhesion. In comparison to epoxy based composites, EP16 composite shows superior wear resistance. SEM images were used to examine the worn surfaces.
Prediction of municipal solid waste treatment and disposal in high cold and high altitude area based on system dynamics: a case study of Lhasa
Authors: Liu Ziyun , Zhang Qinxiao , Liu Hongbo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At present, the high cold and high altitude areas of China continue to face challenges in achieving high rates of resource utilization for the municipal solid waste (MSW). In this paper, for the first time, a prediction method based on system dynamics (SD) for the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste in high cold and high altitude areas is proposed and applied to Lhasa City. The model simulate and predict the proportion of treatment methods (including landfill, incineration, kitchen waste disposal, recycling) and the rate of resource utilization (other disposal methods except landfill) of municipal solid waste under Natural Tendency and regulation schemes (Strengthened Municipal Solid Waste Classification Scheme and Municipal Solid Waste Classification and Treatment Scheme). The results show that strengthening municipal solid waste classification and treatment can significantly enhance the resource utilization rate of municipal solid waste in Lhasa, with an expected rate of 100% by 2026. This outcome has the potential to promote sustainable and healthy development of society, economy and environment of a city.
Enhancing mechanical properties of natural fiber composites: a study on the effects of fiber loading and filler addition
Authors: gairola S P , Gupta Nitin Kumar , Joshi Sanjeev Kumar , Dhama Sanjeev , Aggarwal Saurabh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this research, we conducted an extensive analysis of two distinct composite materials: NWBF/EP (nonwoven banana fiber/epoxy) and NWBF/EP/WNP (nonwoven banana fiber/epoxy with walnut powder). These composites were meticulously engineered, utilizing epoxy as the matrix, nonwoven banana fiber as the primary reinforcement, and walnut powder as the secondary reinforcement. Our investigation unveiled that the NWBF/EP/WNP hybrid composite exhibits superior mechanical properties in comparison to the NWBF/EP composite. Notably, the BW4 hybrid composite demonstrated a substantial increase in tensile strength, reaching an impressive 76.7 MPa. This enhancement underscores the potential for augmenting composite stiffness by elevating the WNP ratio up to a specific threshold, though exceeding this threshold leads to a reduction in epoxy resin content. Furthermore, our study revealed substantial improvements in flexural strength as WNP was introduced, with a noteworthy 5.8% rise at a 5% weight percent WNP loading. The pinnacle of flexural strength, 43.6 MPa, was achieved at a 20% weight percent loading. Impact toughness also displayed significant improvements, with the highest impact strength (5.2 J) observed in BW3. This highlights the potential for enhancing the toughness of the hybrid composite within a defined WNP weight percent range. We also gained valuable insights into hardness, void fraction, and the influence of walnut powder. The addition of walnut powder increased void fraction, reduced density, and enhanced various mechanical properties. Our evaluation of wear performance emphasized the pivotal role of factors such as sliding velocity, fiber content, sliding distance, and normal load. In conclusion, this research not only elucidates the mechanical advantages of the NWBF/WNP/epoxy hybrid composite but also offers critical insights for potential applications. The findings underscore the potential of these hybrid composites to serve as sustainable and competitive alternatives to synthetic fiber products in a range of engineering and manufacturing contexts.
Differentiable Earth mover’s distance for data compression at the high-luminosity LHC
Authors: Shenoy Rohan , Duarte Javier , Herwig Christian , Hirschauer James , Noonan Daniel , Pierini Maurizio , Tran Nhan , Mantilla Suarez Cristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Earth mover’s distance (EMD) is a useful metric for image recognition and classification, but its usual implementations are not differentiable or too slow to be used as a loss function for training other algorithms via gradient descent. In this paper, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to learn a differentiable, fast approximation of the EMD and demonstrate that it can be used as a substitute for computing-intensive EMD implementations. We apply this differentiable approximation in the training of an autoencoder-inspired neural network (encoder NN) for data compression at the high-luminosity LHC at CERN The goal of this encoder NN is to compress the data while preserving the information related to the distribution of energy deposits in particle detectors. We demonstrate that the performance of our encoder NN trained using the differentiable EMD CNN surpasses that of training with loss functions based on mean squared error.
Bayesian experimental design and parameter estimation for ultrafast spin dynamics
Authors: Chen Zhantao , Peng Cheng , Petsch Alexander N , Chitturi Sathya R , Okullo Alana , Chowdhury Sugata , Yoon Chun Hong , Turner Joshua J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Advanced experimental measurements are crucial for driving theoretical developments and unveiling novel phenomena in condensed matter and materials physics, which often suffer from the scarcity of large-scale facility resources, such as x-ray or neutron scattering centers. To address these limitations, we introduce a methodology that leverages the Bayesian optimal experimental design paradigm to efficiently uncover key quantum spin fluctuation parameters from x-ray photon fluctuation spectroscopy (XPFS) data. Our method is compatible with existing theoretical simulation pipelines and can also be used in combination with fast machine learning surrogate models in the event that real-time simulations are unfeasible. Our numerical benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance in predicting model parameters and in delivering more informative measurements within limited experimental time. Our method can be adapted to many different types of experiments beyond XPFS and spin fluctuation studies, facilitating more efficient data collection and accelerating scientific discoveries.
Towards an enhanced understanding of the particle size effect on conversion/alloying lithium-ion anodes
Authors: Asenbauer Jakob , Horny Dominik , Olutogun Mayokun , Schulz Katrin , Bresser Dominic 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Conversion/alloying materials (CAMs) represent a potential alternative to graphite as a Li-ion anode active material, especially for high-power applications. So far, however, essentially all studies on CAMs have been dealing with nano-sized particles, leaving the question of how the performance (and the de-/lithiation mechanism in general) is affected by the particle size. Herein, we comparatively investigate four different samples of Zn0.9Co0.1O with a particle size ranging from about 30 nm to a few micrometers. The results show that electrodes made of larger particles are more susceptible to fading due to particle displacement and particle cracking. The results also show that the conversion-type reaction in particular is affected by an increasing particle size, becoming less reversible due to the formation of relatively large transition metal (TM) and alloying metal nanograins upon lithiation, thus hindering an efficient electron transport within the initial particle, while the alloying contribution remains essentially unaffected. The generality of these findings is confirmed by also investigating Sn0.9Fe0.1O2 as a second CAM with a substantially greater contribution of the alloying reaction and employing Fe instead of Co as a TM dopant.
SMapper: visualizing spatial prevalence data of all types, including sparse and incomplete datasets
Authors: Khellaf Lynn , Ralf Arwin , Nguyen Khanh Toan , Kayser Manfred , Nothnagel Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
We introduce SMapper, a novel web and software tool for visualizing spatial prevalence data of all types including those suffering from incomplete geographic coverage and insufficient sample sizes. We demonstrate the benefits of our tool in overcoming interpretational issues with existing tools caused by such data limitations. We exemplify the use of SMapper by applications to human genotype and phenotype data relevant in an epidemiological, anthropological and forensic context.

Availability and implementation
A web implementation is available at https://rhodos.ccg.uni-koeln.de/smapper/. A stand-alone version, released under the GNU General Public License version 3 as published by the Free Software Foundation, is available from https://rhodos.ccg.uni-koeln.de/smapper/software-download.php as a Singularity container (https://docs.sylabs.io/guides/latest/user-guide/index.html) and a native Linux Python installation.