bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic model based on semi-quantitative metabolic ratios of 18F‑FDG PET in suspected autoimmune encephalitis children with seizures
Authors: Li Ziyuan , Wu Jing , Wu Shuqi , Cao Mingming , Chen Suyun , Li Ling , Wang Hui , Yin Yafu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Pediatric autoimmune encephalitis (AE) with seizures is prone to be misdiagnosed as epilepsy. However, epilepsy and AE are treated differently. We aimed to find a method that can identify AE in children with seizures through F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography(PET) with good diagnostic specificity.
Results
We retrospectively collected data from suspected autoimmune encephalitis children with seizures from May 14, 2019, to April 30, 2021, who had brain 18F-FDG PET/CT. 59 pediatric patients were included, of which 35 were clinically diagnosed with AE. FDG uptake alterations were investigated by visual analysis and Statistical Parametric Mapping(SPM) 12 software. The proportion of cortical hypometabolism and hypermetabolism in the basal ganglia and thalamus was significantly higher in the AE group. The score of the cortical lesion was higher in the AE group. 100% of AE patients had multiple lesions on PET, while 60% were in the non-AE group. The lesion quantity feature, the score of cortical lesion range, and four metabolic ratios were selected for multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the score of cortical lesion range, the ratio of the maximum standard uptake value of the lesion to basal ganglia (L/BSUVRmax), the ratio of the maximum standard uptake value of the lesion to thalamus(L/TSUVRmax), were independent diagnostic factors of AE. A diagnostic model that combined the three PET diagnostic factors had good diagnostic performance, with the area under the curve(AUC), sensitivity, and specificity at 0.910, 91.2%, and 88%, respectively.
Conclusions
The established diagnostic model that combines three PET diagnostic factors could achieve better diagnostic performance than visual analysis or semi-quantitative ratios alone and shows potential for clinical applications in differentiating AE from epileptic children.
Nonlinear Deformation and Attitude Control for Spinning Electrodynamic Tether Systems during Spin-up Stage
Authors: LU Hongshi , YANG Hang , WANG Changqing , LI Aijun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the non-linear control of a spinning electrodynamic tether system during its spin-up process. The main problem of the spin-up process is that the tether shape may become irregular due to distributed electrodynamic force, which can lead to risks such as entanglement of the deformed tether with end bodies (base spacecraft and sub-satellite). To deal with this problem, a nonlinear control strategy is proposed in this paper for reducing tether deformation and for stabilizing attitude motions of end bodies. Firstly, the tether system is modeled based on the assumption of a flexible tether, and the minimum current for spin-up is given as the basis for open-loop program design. Secondly, considering the underactuation problem of the tether system, a sliding mode controller with an adaptive law is proposed to track spinning motion and stabilize tether deformation by adjusting only electrical current. Thirdly, considering the limit of attitude control moment, a high-gain saturated controller is proposed to stabilize the attitude motions of end bodies. In the end, numerical results validate that under the regulation of the proposed control strategy, tether deformation is reduced to an insignificant level, and attitude motions of end bodies are stabilized around designated orientations.
Surgical Decision-making for the Treatment of Acute Diverticulitis: a Single-centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Inversini Davide , Adla Sara El , Vigezzi Andrea , Gianazza Simone , Palillo Andrea , Ietto Giuseppe , Carcano Giulio 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Several studies suggest that laparoscopic peritoneal lavage might be associated with an increased event rate. The WSES guidelines recommend performing laparoscopic peritoneal lavage only in highly selected patients; however, selection criteria remain poorly described.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the complication and long-term outcomes of the lavage group, and to report our experience of acute diverticulitis.
DESIGN: This was based on a retrospective cohort study.
SETTINGS: This was a study conducted in Fondazione Macchi, Italy.
PATIENTS: Patients presenting with acute diverticulitis and undergoing surgery in the hospital of Varese between 2018 and 2022 were included.
INTERVENTION: Operative management of acute sigmoid diverticulitis was involved, in particular laparoscopic peritoneal lavage, primary resection and the Hartmann procedure.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were short-term and long-term outcomes.
RESULTS: Long-term follow-up showed the occurrence of complications Clavien-Dindo ≥ 2 in 21.9% (16/73) of patients in the sigmoidectomy group versus 61.1% (11/18) of patients in the lavage group. Among the 11 patients complicated after laparoscopic lavage, 9 required a second surgery. After a comparison between the complicated and uncomplicated patients who were managed with laparoscopic lavage, descriptive differences were found regarding the BMI (95% CI, 21.7-24.3 vs 95% CI, 24.7-31.3, p=0.0419). In analysis, BMI ≥ 27 Kg/m2 (OR, 16 p=0.049) was associated with short and long-term complications in the lavage group. There was no evidence for an association between complications and BMI ≥ 27 Kg/m2 in the primary resection (OR, 1.61 p=1) and the Hartmann procedure group (OR, 4.25 p=0.1438).
LIMITATIONS: The study was limited by its retrospective nature and small sample size.
CONCLUSIONS: Perforated colonic diverticulitis treated with laparoscopic peritoneal lavage was associated with a high morbidity rate; however, BMI could be a prognostic factor for long-term outcomes, including recurrent diverticulitis and the occurrence of abscesses.
Machine learning algorithms for the early prediction of sepsis in children with bone and joint infections
Authors: Liu Yuwen , Wu Yuhan , Zhang Tao , Fan Mingjie , Chen Jie , Guo Wang , Sun Guixin , Hu Wei , Zheng Pengfei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Early detection of sepsis is crucial in pediatric patients. This study employed machine learning algorithms to develop an artificial intelligence model for the early identification of sepsis in children with bone and joint infections.
Materials and methods
This retrospective analysis utilized case data from pediatric patients with septic osteoarticular infections admitted to three hospitals in China between January 2012 and January 2023. All patients underwent blood bacterial cultures and puncture fluid bacterial cultures. Seventeen early-available independent variables were selected, and eight different machine learning algorithms were applied to construct the model by training on these data.
Results
The study included 183 patients in the sepsis group and 422 patients in the no-sepsis group. Among the machine learning algorithms, RandomForest exhibited the best performance with an AUC of 0.946 ± 0.025. The model demonstrated an accuracy of 0.919 ± 0.021, sensitivity of 0.825 ± 0.056, specificity of 0.957 ± 0.012, precision of 0.888 ± 0.044, and an F1 score of 0.855 ± 0.047. In terms of characteristic importance, the seventeen variables ranked in order were: maximum heating time, procalcitonin (PCT), duration of symptoms, platelet, weight, age, peak temperature, fever days, neutrophil, hemoglobin, recent diseases, symptoms of other systems, gender, bone damage, leukocyte, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Conclusions
The model can effectively predict the risk of sepsis in children with septic osteoarthritic infections early and timely, which assists in clinical decision-making and reduces the risks and consequences of delayed test results.
Compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one Downregulation of Galectin‐3 Alleviates Amyloid beta-induced Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in a mouse Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Liu Xueyan , Chen Ping , Wu Wei , Li Xuejuan , Wang Chengyan , Chai Ke , Yuan Fanru , Zheng Huijuan , Yao Yuxing , Li Chenlu , Ye Zu-Cheng , Zha Daijun 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: Amyloid β (Aβ) and neuroinflammation are recognized as crucial to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compound (E)-2-(3,4-dihydroxystyryl)-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4-one (D30), a pyromeconic acid derivative, inhibits Aβ aggregation and reverses scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. However, the in vivo therapeutic potential of D30was not known for Aβ-induced neuropathology. Thus, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of D30 in a fibril Aβ(fAβ)-induced AD mouse model.
Methods: We established an AD model by intracerebroventricular injection of fAβ to determine whether D30 could alleviate fAβ-induced neuropathology. Behavior tests (Open Field, New Object Recognition, Morris Water Maze) were conducted to evaluate cognitive function. Aβ were assessed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and immunoblotting of cortex and hippocampus. Glial cell morphology, neuroinflammation, and neuronal properties were assessed by immunofluorescence staining of hippocampal brain slices. Cortex and hippocampus were also subjected to ELISA and immunoblotting assays. The effects of D30 on primary microglia were measured by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative PCR.
Results: Compound D30 alleviated fAβ-induced cognitive impairment. D30 promoted the removal of injected fAβ from the hippocampus and cortex and suppressed oxidative stress and activation of microglia and astrocytes. D30 reversed the fAβ-induced loss of dendritic spines and synaptic proteins. We demonstrated for the first time that exogenous intracerebroventricular injection of fAβ greatly increased Galectin-3 (Gal-3) level in the mouse brain, and the increase in Gal-3 was blocked by D30. In addition, D30 activated the p62/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in primary microglia and promoted the disposal of Aβ and relief of fAβ-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, by its comprehensive activities in Aβ disposal, antioxidation, and anti-neuroinflammation, D30 protected synapses and cognitive function, with a strong involvement in Gal-3 regulation, thereby exhibiting novel AD therapeutic potential.
Drought stress tolerance and growth promotion in chiltepin pepper (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) by native Bacillus spp
Authors: Mendoza-Alatorre Maribel , Infante-Ramírez María Rocío , González-Rangel María Olga , Nevárez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia , González-Horta María del Carmen , Hernández-Huerta Jared , Delgado-Gardea María Carmen Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chiltepin is a semi-cultivated plant of high commercial value and represents a valuable genetic resource. However, several factors, such as drought, limit its production. Treatment with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) is an alternative to mitigate drought stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the capacity of Bacillus spp, isolated from soils, to promote growth and induce tolerance to drought stress in chiltepin. A completely random design was established, and the Scott-Knott test was used (α = 0.05). The treated seeds improved germination parameters with increases of 46.42% in Germination Rate (GR), 22.56% in Mean Speed of Germination (MSG), 22.19% in Germination Speed Index (GSI), 65.16% in Vigor Index (VI), and 100.14% in Germination Index (GI). Furthermore, they reduced MGT (Mean Germination Time) by 5.63%. All isolates could solubilize phosphorus and zinc and produce ammonium, siderophores, and exopolysaccharides. Moreover, Bacillus spp. isolates showed resistance to drought at -1.75 MPa. Likewise, the treatments improved in vitro survival of stressed seedlings by 68%. Under greenhouse conditions, treated seedlings exhibited increases in root length (9.6%), stem diameter (13.68%), leaf fresh weight (69.87%), and chlorophyll a (38.15%). They also alleviated severe water stress symptoms and increased Relative Water Content (RWC) by 51%. Isolate Bc25-7 showed the highest potential for promoting growth, enduring water stress, and lessening the drought effect on chiltepin seedlings.
B-cyclocitral extracted from gallium mite (a medicinal herb) and the evaluation of its effect in MCF-7 cell lines.
Authors: Shabani Alireza , Zaefizadeh Mohammad , Farhadpour Mohsen , Soheili Zahra Soheila , Esfahani Kasra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Carotenoids play an important role as antioxidants, and induction of gene expression changes leads to plant acclimation to environmental stresses. Βetacyclocitral (BCC) derived from gallium mite in the process of β-carotene oxidation has recently been shown to have a new function in breast cancer treatment. In this project, we used a drug loaded delivery released system (DDRS) strategy coupled with superparamagnetite nanoparticles (SNPs) based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) synthesis to deliver drugs to tumor sites. The validation of synthesized SNPs was implemented with several techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MCF-7 cell lines were treated with GQD, β-cyclocitral and GQD@β-cyclocitral (each with concentration of 3.93, 7.87, 15.75, 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/ml) in the MTT assay at 24 and 48 h, respectively. IC50% was calculated at 24 h. Results indicated that β-cyclocitral had prominent effects in controlling breast cancer cell lines.
Spermidine for the treatment of Machado-Joseph disease: induction of autophagy but also apoptosis?
Authors: Watchon Maxinne , Wright Amanda L. , Ahel Holly I. , Robinson Katherine J. , Plenderleith Stuart K. , Kuriakose Andrea , Yuan Kristy C. , Laird Angela 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), also known as spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes loss of balance and motor co-ordination, eventually leading to paralysis. It is caused by the autosomal dominant inheritance of a long CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence within the ATXN3 gene, encoding for an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat sequence within the ataxin-3 protein. Ataxin-3 containing an expanded polyQ repeat is known to be highly prone to intraneuronal aggregation, and previous studies have demonstrated that protein quality control pathways, such as autophagy, are impaired in MJD patients and animal models of the disease. In this study, we tested the therapeutic potential of spermidine on zebrafish and rodent models of MJD to determine its capacity to induce autophagy and improve functional output. Spermidine treatment of transgenic MJD zebrafish induced autophagy and resulted in increased distances swum by the MJD zebrafish. Interestingly, treatment of the CMVMJD135 mouse model of MJD with spermidine added to drinking water did not produce any improvement in motor behaviour assays, neurological testing or neuropathology. In fact, wild type mice treated with spermidine were found to have decreased rotarod performance when compared to control animals. Immunoblot analysis of protein lysates extracted from mouse cerebellar tissue found little differences between the groups, except for an increased level of phospho-ULK1 in spermidine treated animals, suggesting that autophagy was indeed induced. As we detected decreased motor performance in wild type mice following treatment with spermidine, we conducted follow up studies into the effects of spermidine treatment in zebrafish. Interestingly, we found that in addition to inducing autophagy, spermidine treatment also induced apoptosis, particularly in wild type zebrafish. These findings suggest that spermidine treatment may not be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of MJD, and in fact warrants caution due to the potential negative side effects caused by induction of apoptosis.
Offline and Online Task Allocation Algorithms for Multiple UAVs in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ye Liang , Yang Yu , Meng Weixiao , Wu Xuanli , Li Xiaoshuai , Zhu Rangang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In recent years, UAV techniques are developing very fast, and UAVs are becoming more and more popular in both civilian and military fields. An important application of UAVs is rescue and disaster relief. In post-earthquake evaluation scenes where it is difficult or dangerous for human to reach, UAVs and sensors can form a wireless sensor network and collect environmental information. In such application scenarios, task allocation algorithms are important for UAVs to collect data efficiently. This paper firstly proposes an improved immune multi-agent algorithm for the offline task allocation stage. The proposed algorithm provides higher accuracy and convergence performance by improving the optimization operation. Then, this paper proposes an improved adaptive discrete cuckoo algorithm for the online task reallocation stage. By introducing adaptive step size transformation and appropriate local optimization operator, the speed of convergence is accelerated, making it suitable for real-time online task reallocation. Simulation results have proved the effectiveness of the proposed task allocation algorithms.
Effects of postoperative oral elemental nutritional supplement on skeletal muscle loss after gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Kimura Yutaka , Kishi Kentaro , Inoue Kentaro , Matsuyama Jin , Akamaru Yusuke , Tamura Shigeyuki , Kawada Junji , Kawase Tomono , Kawabata Ryohei , Fujiwara Yoshiyuki , Kanno Hitoshi , Yamada Takeshi , Shimokawa Toshio , Imamura Hiroshi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
We previously showed that daily nutritional intervention with an oral elemental diet (ED) at 300 kcal/day for 6–8 weeks postoperatively decreased the percentage of body weight loss (%BWL), and that the effect was maintained for 1 year. This post hoc analysis aimed to determine whether this intervention decreased skeletal muscle mass loss 1-year post-gastrectomy.
Methods
Data from consecutive, untreated patients with histopathologically confirmed stage I–III gastric adenocarcinoma who planned to undergo total gastrectomy (TG) or distal gastrectomy (DG) and were enrolled in a previously published randomized trial were used. The primary endpoint was the percentage of skeletal muscle mass index (%SMI) loss from baseline at 1 year postoperatively, based on abdominal computed tomography images obtained preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively.
Results
The overall median %SMI loss was lower in the ED versus control group, but the difference was not significant. The difference in %SMI loss in the ED and control groups was greater in patients with TG (10.1 vs. 13.0; P = 0.12) than in those with DG (5.5 vs. 6.8; P = 0.69). A correlation was observed between %BWL and %SMI loss in both groups (ED group, coefficient 0.591; control group, coefficient 0.644; P < 0.001 for both). Type of gastrectomy (coefficient 7.38; P = 0.001) and disease stage (coefficient − 6.43; P = 0.04) were independent predictors of postoperative skeletal muscle mass loss.
Conclusion
ED administration for 6–8 weeks following gastrectomy had no inhibitory effect on skeletal muscle loss at 1 year postoperatively.
Expression landscape of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) during adipogenesis and diet-induced obesity
Authors: Dairi Ghida , Alswaji Abdulrahman , Alzahrani Saleha Ahmed , Mahri Saeed Al , Rashid Mamoon , Ibrahim Maria Al , Malik Shuja Shafi , Bin-Jumah May Nasser , Al-Regaiey Khalid , Mohammad Sameer 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key regulators of various cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, transport, stability, and translation. They play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation by interacting with specific RNA sequences or structures. RBPs can also influence the localization of mRNAs within the cell and participate in the formation of RNA-protein complexes that control gene expression. Dysregulation or mutations in RBPs have been associated with a wide range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and developmental abnormalities. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of RBPs in regulating adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. However, the global expression patterns and functional contributions of RBPs during adipogenesis and in regulating adipocyte functioning remain poorly understood. Identifying and characterizing RBPs during adipogenesis could provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adipocyte differentiation and potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for obesity-related disorders. Using a combination of bioinformatics tools and experimental validation, we identified a set of novel RBPs that may have important roles in adipogenesis and adipocyte functioning. We analyzed the expression of the entire repertoire of RBPs during the adipogenic differentiation of murine adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1 and assessed the expression of RBPs in stromal vesicular fraction (SVF) and adipocyte fraction of mouse epididymal adipose tissue. We also evaluated the impact of high fat diet on the expression of RBPs in adipocytes isolated from mouse epididymal adipose tissue. We found a number of RBPS that were significantly up- or down-regulated in 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenic differentiation and were enriched in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) or adipocyte fraction of mouse adipose tissue. In addition, they exhibited differential expression in adipocytes isolated from diet-induced obese mice compared to control mice. The majority of these RBPs have no known role in adipogenesis or adipose metabolism. These proteins could potentially play a novel role in adipogenic differentiation and adipose metabolism, suggesting the presence of previously unknown regulatory mechanisms. Further investigation is needed to understand the specific functions of these RBPs and their potential impact on adipose tissue development and metabolism. This discovery opens up new avenues for research in uncovering the intricate regulatory networks involved in adipogenesis and adipose tissue homeostasis.