bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of reproductive risk factors for CIS lesions and invasive breast cancer
Authors: Wohlfahrt Jan , Rank Fritz , Kroman Niels , Melbye Mads 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA differential effect of reproductive factors on the incidence of carcinoma in situ of the breast (CIS) and invasive cancer may indicate that hormonal factors related to reproductive history not only influence the initial steps towards breast cancer but also preinvasive malignant lesions. A comparison of reproductive factors was performed using a population‐based cohort of 1.5 million Danish women born between 1935 and 1978. Between 1983 and 1998, 15,590 cases of invasive breast cancer and 871 cases of CIS were identified using a database with extensive clinical information. Number of births and age at first birth were similarly associated with the risk of being diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) compared to invasive breast cancer [RR(DCIS)per birth/RR(invasive)per birth = 1.03(0.93–1.14), RR(DCIS)per 5yr /RR(invasive)per 5yr = 1.06(0.96–1.17)]. Also, the short‐term risk the first 10 years after birth was similar for DCIS and invasive cancer [RR(DCIS) /RR(invasive) = 0.90 (0.74–1.09)]. Additional analyses were performed according to characteristics of the DCIS lesion (size, malignancy grade, noncomedo or comedo type). In conclusion, our observations do not support the theory that reproductive history is associated with progression from noninvasive to invasive breast cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age, sexual behavior and human papillomavirus infection in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers
Authors: Smith Elaine M. , Ritchie Justine M. , Summersgill Kurt F. , Klussmann Jens P. , Lee John H. , Wang Donghong , Haugen Thomas H. , Turek Lubomir P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThere are few well‐established patient risk factors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant different risk factors and tumor characteristics between HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative cancer cases. HPV was evaluated in cancer tissue and exfoliated oral cells of 193 oral cavity/oropharynx cancer patients using PCR and direct DNA sequencing. A patient questionnaire collected information about risk factors, sexual practices and medical history. The prevalence of HPV high‐risk (HR) types was 20% in cancer cases. Three types were identified: HPV‐16 (87%), HPV‐18 (3%) and HPV‐33 (11%). Risk factors for HPV‐HR included younger age (≤ 55 years vs. > 55 years; adjusted OR = 3.4; 95% CI = 1.6–7.3) and younger‐age cases who had more lifetime sex partners (adjusted OR = 3.8; 95% CI = 1.4–10.1), practiced oral‐genital sex (adjusted OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.8–10.4) or oral‐anal sex (adjusted OR = 19.5; 95% CI = 3.4–113). Compared to HPV‐negative cancers, HPV‐HR cancers were more likely to have a positive HPV‐HR exfoliated oral cytology test (adjusted OR = 7.8; 95% CI = 3.4–18.4), later stage (adjusted OR = 3.0), nodal involvement (adjusted OR = 4.1) and advanced grade (adjusted OR = 3.0). This study shows new evidence that the prevalence of oncogenic mucosal HPV is higher in younger‐age oral cavity/oropharynx cancer cases whose sexual practices are typically associated with sexual transmission of the virus. HPV detection also appears to be an indicator of advanced disease characteristics that may require different clinical treatment for this subset of patients. An exfoliated oral cytology test for HPV was a significant predictor of HR types in the cancers, suggesting that an oral rinse may provide an early biomarker of infected tumors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein‐losing hypertrophic gastropathy: Another cause of gastric wall thickening in children
Authors: Pineda Víctor , Enriquez Goya , Castelló Francisco , Aso Celestino 
Published: December 2003

AbstractProtein‐losing hypertrophic gastropathy (PLHG) is an uncommon, self‐limited disease in young children that can produce generalized edema, hypoproteinemia, and nonspecific prodromic symptoms. Recently, Helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus infections have been reported to be associated with this condition. We present the case of an 18‐month‐old boy with PLHG and positive detection of H. pylori on fecal culture. Abdominal sonography demonstrated gastric wall thickening with preservation of the mucosal layers. Sonographic findings are useful for suggesting a diagnosis of PLHG and is also an effective, noninvasive technique for follow‐up of children with this condition. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:47–49, 2004
Role of sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of adrenal masses in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Kocijančič Ksenija , Kocijančič Igor , Guna Franc 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this retrospective study were to determine the accuracy and safety of sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in evaluating enlarged adrenal glands in patients with lung cancer and to correlate the metastatic involvement of the adrenal glands with the surgical stage of the primary lung tumor.MethodsDuring an 11‐year period, 64 patients with cytologically proven lung cancer had undergone sonographically guided FNABs of an adrenal mass. The accuracy of this method was assessed on the basis of cytologic findings and the safety, on the number of complications reported after FNAB. The location of the adrenal metastasis relative to the primary tumor (ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral) was correlated with the surgical stage of the disease.ResultsFNAB results were accurate in 58 of the 64 cases (91%), and the procedure was associated with no serious complications. In 6 (9%) of the 64 patients, the FNAB specimen had been inadequate. Cytologic analysis of the aspirates revealed malignancy in 52 (90%) of the 58 patients in whom the FNAB specimen had been adequate for an accurate diagnosis. The adrenal metastases were ipsilateral in 21 patients, contralateral in 15, and bilateral in 16, for an ipsilateral‐to‐contralateral ratio of 1.4:1. Among patients with operable disease, an ipsilateral pattern of metastasis was present in 65%, whereas among those with inoperable disease, the ipsilateral pattern was present in only 31%. The difference between these 2 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSonographically guided FNAB is accurate and safe for evaluating enlarged adrenal glands in patients with lung cancer. Our results also suggest that a solitary ipsilateral adrenal metastasis in a patient with resectable primary lung cancer may represent a regional extension of the disease rather than systemic spread. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 32:12–16, 2004
Liquid chromatographic/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric studies of proanthocyanidins in foods
Authors: Gu Liwei , Kelm Mark A. , Hammerstone John F. , Zhang Ze , Beecher Gary , Holden Joanne , Haytowitz David , Prior Ronald L. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe proanthocyanidins in three foods (pinto beans, plums and cinnamon) were studied with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) in the negative mode following separation by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The MS/MS analysis demonstrated that the major ions derived from heterocyclic ring fission and retro‐Diels–Alder reaction of flavan‐3‐ol provided information about the hydroxylation pattern and type of interflavan bond. The connection sequence of the oligomers was identified through diagnostic ions derived from quinone methide (QM) cleavage of the interflavan bond. Novel heterogeneous B‐type proanthocyanidins containing (epi)afzelechin as subunits were identified in pinto beans. Proanthocyanidins with interestingly different A‐type linkages were identified in plums and cinnamon. In efforts aimed at extending the identification capacity of ESI‐MS to polymers, we found that the polymeric procyanidins fragmented readily instead of forming multiply charged ions in the negative ESI mode. Fragmentation patterns were proposed based on our data obtained by ESI‐MS/MS and ESI time‐of‐flight MS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional microfabricated sources for nanoelectrospray
Authors: Le Gac Séverine , Arscott Steve , Cren‐Olivé Cécile , Rolando Christian 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe idea of a novel two‐dimensional (2D) nanoelectrospray ionization emitter tip with the shape of a nib is explored here. This novel planar design is studied as an alternative to the needle‐like standard emitter tips that suffer from a lack of reproducibility and robustness and from an inherent incompatibility with high‐throughput analysis. The composition of the micro‐nib sources is analogous to the working of a simple fountain pen, with a liquid reservoir linked to a micro‐nib tip from which the sample is electrosprayed via a capillary slot. The micro‐nib prototypes described here were fabricated using microtechnology techniques and using the epoxy‐based negative photoresist SU‐8. The resulting free‐standing micro‐nib structure was supported by a silicon wafer. We present here two series of such micro‐nib sources, the latter series exhibiting improved characteristics such as a 8 µm source width of the nib tip. They were tested in mass spectrometry experiments on an ion trap mass spectrometer (LCQ Deca XP+, Thermo Finnigan) using standard peptide samples having concentrations down to 1 µM and with a high voltage (HV) supply around 1 kV for the second series of micro‐nib sources. In addition to the stability of the spray, the obtained mass spectra showed the reliability of these sources for peptide analysis; the signal of the spectra was as intense and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) as high as that obtained with the use of standard emitter tips. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oncolytic viral therapy for breast cancer with herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant HF 10
Authors: Teshigahara Osamu , Goshima Fumi , Takao Kazumasa , Kohno Shin‐ichi , Kimata Hideto , Nakao Akimasa , Nishiyama Yukihiro 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany genetically engineered viruses have been evaluated for their potential as therapeutic agents in the treatment of malignant tumors. We applied a spontaneously generated, highly attenuated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type‐1 clone, HF10, to the treatment of breast cancer. In this study, we investigated the ability of HF10 to infect and lyse human and murine breast cancer cells in vitro and tested its efficacy in an immuno‐competent animal model of breast cancer.MethodsTo assess the therapeutic efficacy of HF10 against subcutaneous tumors in vivo, mouse breast cancer cells were injected into the backs of mice, which were then treated with HF10. Tumor volume and survival rate were used as measures of the antitumor effect in the in vivo experiments. In vitro viral cytotoxity assays and replication assays were also performed in human breast cancer cell lines.ResultsIn the in vivo study, tumor growth was suppressed and long‐term survival rates were prolonged. HF10 was effective in producing cytolytic effects in vitro at various multiplicities of infection (MOI) in all cell lines tested.ConclusionsHF10 demonstrated antitumor effects in our animal model. The viral growth and oncolytic effect of HF10 in the human breast cancer cell line suggest that HF10 is potentially effective in the clinical treatment of human cancer. These results indicate that replication‐competent HSV‐1 mutants hold significant promise as cancer therapeutic agents. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:42–47. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical significance of combination study of apoptotic factors and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in estimating the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Osada Shinji , Saji Shigetoyo , Kuno Toshiya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common recurrence diseases, which affects the patient's prognosis. The aim of this report is to evaluate recurrence risk after primary treatment by the combination study with the clinical features and immunohistological findings.Methods153 removable HCCs were examined by immunohistochemical study of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p53, or Bax. The relationships of these factors with histological grades, the presence of intra‐hepatic metastasis (IM), tumor size, value of serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and prognosis were studied. PCNA labeling index (LI) was calculated to count positive nuclei in 1,000 cells.ResultsPCNALI was significantly higher in cancer and correlated with tumor size. PCNALI and the tumor diameter in themselves could be a good predictor for patient prognosis and the combination study of them was an even stronger indicator. The value of AFP was significantly higher in positive p53 cases. The incidence of p53 was associated with histological types. The presence of IM was found in negative Bax cases of main tumors. The appearance of Bax was not correlated with histological types. The incidence of p53 or Bax was indicated to distinguish the patient prognosis of the lower grade histological cases, in which differences could not be found by the routine histological study.ConclusionsThe combination study of the immunohistochemical findings and the clinical features could be one of the most important aids in interpreting the status of HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:48–54. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complementary and alternative medicine: Consumers in search of wellness or an expression of need by the sick?
Authors: Spence Martine , Ribeaux Peter 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe provision of health care in Western societies is examined in relation to the arrival of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as a serious provider in the latter half of the 20th century. This article examines the underlying components of the increasing uptake of CAM and attempts to cluster health‐care consumers according to their attitudes and motivation toward the use of health‐care products and services. The analysis does not support the idea of a widespread uptake of CAM practitioner treatments on the part of the general public except for particular segments of that public, including the seriously ill. There is also little evidence of exclusive use of CAM for personal health care. On the other hand, there is significant evidence for an uptake of non‐practitioner‐based CAM by wider segments of the population. The findings raise issues regarding the evidence for the efficacy of CAM and the methodology for testing it. These are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in consumer attributions of blame between men and women: The role of perceived vulnerability and empathic concern
Authors: Laufer Daniel , Gillespie Kate 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis article explores differences in blame attributions between men and women in a consumer context. The first experiment finds that women blame a company more than men for a product harm crisis. A second experiment replicates these results in a different product harm crisis and suggests the process underlying these differences. The results of tests of mediation suggest that women blame a company more than men for a product harm crisis because they feel more personally vulnerable to a similar crisis occurring to them. The tests of mediation also show that empathic concern is not the reason driving the differences between men and women in consumer attributions of blame despite observed differences on this personality trait. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Calculation of flip angles for echo trains with predefined amplitudes with the extended phase graph (EPG)‐algorithm: Principles and applications to hyperecho and TRAPS sequences
Authors: Hennig Juergen , Weigel Matthias , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe article presents an algorithm for calculation of flip angles in multiecho experiments to generate echoes with predefined amplitudes based on the extended phase graph algorithm. The algorithm can be used to optimize the echo envelope and thus the point spread function (PSF) in hyperecho and TRAPS (transition into the pseudosteady state) experiments while minimizing the total RF power. Implementations at 3 T using echo trains with Gaussian and Lorentzian PSF demonstrate a reduction in RF power by a factor of 3–5 while maintaining high image quality. Magn Reson Med 51:68–80, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flow artifacts in steady‐state free precession cine imaging
Authors: Storey Pippa , Li Wei , Chen Qun , Edelman Robert R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractSteady‐state free precession (SSFP) cardiac cine images are frequently corrupted by dark flow artifacts, which can usually be eliminated by reshimming and retuning the scanner. A theoretical explanation for these artifacts is provided in terms of spins moving through an off‐resonant point in the magnetic field, and the theory is validated using phantom experiments. The artifacts can be reproduced in vivo by detuning the center frequency by an amount in the range of half the inverse repetition time (TR). Since this offset is similar in magnitude to the frequency difference between the water and lipid peaks, a likely cause of the artifacts in vivo is that the center frequency is tuned incorrectly to the lipid peak rather than the water peak. Magn Reson Med 51:115–122, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time‐optimal multidimensional gradient waveform design for rapid imaging
Authors: Hargreaves Brian A. , Nishimura Dwight G. , Conolly Steven M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited in many cases by long scan times and low spatial resolution. Recent advances in gradient systems hardware allow very rapid imaging sequences, such as steady‐state free precession (SSFP), which has repetition times (TRs) of 2–5 ms. The design of these rapid sequences demands time‐optimal preparatory gradient waveforms to provide maximum readout duty‐cycle, and preserve spatial resolution and SNR while keeping TRs low. Time‐optimal gradient waveforms can be synthesized analytically for certain simple cases. However, certain problems, such as time‐optimal 2D and 3D gradient design with moment constraints, either may not have a solution or must be solved numerically. We show that time‐optimal gradient design is a convex‐optimization problem, for which very efficient solution methods exist. These methods can be applied to solve gradient design problems for oblique gradient design, spiral imaging, and flow‐encoding using either a constant slew rate or the more exact voltage‐limited gradient models. Ultimately, these methods provide a time‐optimal solution to many 2D and 3D gradient design problems in a sufficiently short time for interactive imaging. Magn Reson Med 51:81–92, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lumped‐element planar strip array (LPSA) for parallel MRI
Authors: Lee Ray F. , Hardy Christopher J. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe recently introduced planar strip array (PSA) can significantly reduce scan times in parallel MRI by enabling the utilization of a large number of RF strip detectors that are inherently decoupled, and are tuned by adjusting the strip length to integer multiples of a quarter‐wavelength (λ/4) in the presence of a ground plane and dielectric substrate. In addition, the more explicit spatial information embedded in the phase of the signals from the strip array is advantageous (compared to loop arrays) for limiting aliasing artifacts in parallel MRI. However, losses in the detector as its natural resonance frequency approaches the Larmor frequency (where the wavelength is long at 1.5 T) may limit the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the PSA. Moreover, the PSA's inherent λ/4 structure severely limits our ability to adjust detector geometry to optimize the performance for a specific organ system, as is done with loop coils. In this study we replaced the dielectric substrate with discrete capacitors, which resulted in both SNR improvement and a tunable lumped‐element PSA (LPSA) whose dimensions can be optimized within broad constraints, for a given region of interest (ROI) and MRI frequency. A detailed theoretical analysis of the LPSA is presented, including its equivalent circuit, electromagnetic fields, SNR, and g‐factor maps for parallel MRI. Two different decoupling schemes for the LPSA are described. A four‐element LPSA prototype was built to test the theory with quantitative measurements on images obtained with parallel and conventional acquisition schemes. Magn Reson Med 51:172–183, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
B0 dependence of the on‐resonance longitudinal relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) in protein phantoms and rat brain in vivo
Authors: Mäkelä Heidi I. , De Vita Enrico , Gröhn Olli H.J. , Kettunen Mikko I. , Kavec Martin , Lythgoe Mark , Garwood Michael , Ordidge Roger , Kauppinen Risto A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOn‐resonance longitudinal relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) has been shown to provide unique information during the early minutes of acute stroke. In the present study, the contributions of the different relaxation mechanisms to on‐resonance T1ρ relaxation were assessed by determining relaxation rates (R1ρ) in both protein phantoms and in rat brain at 2.35, 4.7, and 9.4 T. Similar to transverse relaxation rate (R2), R1ρ increased substantially with increasing magnetic field strength (B0). The B0 dependence was more pronounced at weak spin‐lock fields. In contrast to R1ρ, longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) decreased as a function of increasing B0 field. The present data argue that dipole–dipole interaction forms only one pathway for T1ρ relaxation and the contributions from other physicochemical factors need to be considered. Magn Reson Med 51:4–8, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FASCINATE: A pulse sequence for simultaneous acquisition of T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated images
Authors: Takeo Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Akihiro , Okazaki Masato , Kohno Satoru , Shimizu Koji 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA pulse sequence that enables simultaneous acquisition of T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated images is presented. This sequence is referred to as FASCINATE (Fluid‐Attenuated Scan Combined with Interleaved Non‐ATtEnuation). In this new technique, the inversion pulse of conventional fast fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) is replaced with a fast spin echo (FSE) acquisition that has an additional 180(y)–90(x) pulse train for driven inversion. By using appropriate scan parameters, the first part of the sequence provides T2‐weighted images and the second part provides fluid‐attenuated images, thus allowing simultaneous acquisition in a single scan time comparable to that of fast FLAIR. FASCINATE was compared with conventional scanning techniques using a normal volunteer and a patient. A signal simulation was also conducted. In the human study, both T2‐weighted and fluid‐attenuated images from FASCINATE showed the same image quality as conventional images, suggesting the potential for this technique to replace the combination of fast FLAIR and T2‐weighted FSE for scan time reduction. Magn Reson Med 51:205–211, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.