bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tocopherol composition of deodorization distillates and their antioxidative activity
Authors: Nogala‐Kalucka Malgorzata , Korczak Jozef , Wagner Karl‐Heinz , Elmadfa Ibrahim 
Published: February 2004

AbstractDuring the last stage of plant oil refining, deodorization distillates containing very important biological substances such as tocopherols, sterols, terpenoids or hydrocarbons are formed as a by‐products. This study aimed at evaluating the content and antioxidant capacity of tocopherol concentrates from deodorization distillates obtained after the refining of rapeseed, soybean and sunflower oil. The majority of the matrix substances were eliminated from deodorization distillates by freezing with an acetone solution at –70°C. The tocopherol concentrates obtained in this way contained approximately fivefold more tocopherols than the quantity in condensates after deodorization. Antioxidant activity was investigated by observing the peroxide value at 25°C and using the Oxidograph test. The test medium was lard enriched with the tocopherol concentrates of the three plant oils versus single, synthetic α‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols (‐T), which served for comparison. In these model systems, all investigated tocopherol concentrates exhibited antioxidant capacity. Their antioxidant effect was significantly lower than that of single δ‐T and γ‐T, but significantly higher than α‐T. The results prove that natural tocopherol concentrates obtained from plant oils are valuable food antioxidants and they also increase the biological and nutritional value of food especially when administered to animal fats or food of animal origin. Tocopherol concentrates can fully replace synthetic antioxidants that have been used thus far.
In vitro starch digestibility changes during storage of maize flour tortillas
Authors: Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Rendón‐Villalobos Rodolfo , Tovar Juscelino , Paredes‐López Octavio , Islas‐Hernández José Juan , Bello‐Pérez Luis Arturo 
Published: February 2004

AbstractNixtamalized maize flours elaborated by four factories in Mexico were used for tortilla preparation. Samples were stored at 4°C for up to 72 h and their in vitro starch digestibility features were evaluated. Moisture content was different between flour and tortilla but no evident relation could be established. Protein and lipid levels were lower in tortillas than in flour but ash content was not different in both samples. A decrease in available starch content was observed upon 48 h cold storage (4°C), changes that were concomitant with increased total resistant starch (RS) levels. These changes were due mainly to retrogradation, as suggested by the increased retrograded resistant starch (RRS) levels recorded in stored tortillas; in some samples, RRS represented up to 100% of total RS. The digestion (α‐amylolysis) rate (DR) of freshly prepared tortillas differed for the various samples. Although the amylolysis patterns for fresh and 72 h‐stored tortillas were similar, lower DR values were shown for the stored materials. The differences found among the various tortilla samples may be due to variations in processing conditions during commercial maize flour preparation, and to the use of different maize varieties.
Characterization and physicochemical properties of some potential fibres derived from Averrhoa carambola
Authors: Chau Chi‐Fai , Chen Chien‐Hung , Lee Mao‐Hsiang 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe pomace of Averrhoa carambola (carambola) was found to possess a high level of insoluble fibre‐rich fractions (FRFs) including insoluble dietary fibre, alcohol‐insoluble solid, and water‐insoluble solid (46.0–58.2 g/100 g of pomace). These FRFs were mainly composed of pectic substances and hemicellulose. The physicochemical properties of these FRFs (e. g., water‐holding capacities, swelling properties, and cation‐exchange capacities) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those of cellulose. The apparent abilities of these FRFs to adsorb glucose and reduce amylase activity implied that they might help control postprandial serum glucose. These results recommended the consumption and application of the insoluble FRFs as low‐calorie bulk ingredients in fibre enrichment. Further investigations on the in vivo hypoglycemic effect and other physiological effects of these FRFs using animal‐feeding experiments are underway.
Alimentary chromium, nickel, and selenium intake of adults in Poland estimated by analysis and calculations using the duplicate portion technique
Authors: Marzec Zbigniew 
Published: February 2004

AbstractChromium, nickel, and selenium have been known to be essential for proper functioning of human organisms. Since the Polish data concerning their content in diets are scarce, the study was undertaken to examine the levels of these elements in daily food rations (DFRs) in adults from the Lublin region in 1990, 1993, 1997, 1998, and 2002. The aim was to compare the results obtained by the calculation technique based on the national database with those of the DFR chemical analysis. Moreover, the study was to determine quantitative shares of the individual food groups in the daily pool of the elements examined. Determinations of chromium and nickel were carried out using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Selenium was evaluated by spectrophotometry and fluorometry. The daily intake of chromium, nickel, and selenium was found to be 60 μg–90 μg, 124 μg–166 μg, and 54 μg–99 μg, respectively.
Screening for peptides from fish and cheese inhibitory to prolyl endopeptidase
Authors: Sørensen Raymond , Kildal Elisabeth , Stepaniak Leszek , Pripp Are Hugo , Sørhaug Terje 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPeptides from hydrolysates of fish proteins and from cheeses were analysed for inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PE) isolated from porcine muscle. Muscles of cod, salmon, and trout were homogenised and incubated at pH 4.0 with pepsin and then at pH 7.5 with trypsin to obtain fish protein hydrolysates. Homogenates were incubated without exogenous enzymes at pH 4.0 and 7.5 to obtain fish protein autolysates. Water‐soluble extracts from “rakfisk” (a Norwegian fermented/autolysed trout muscle dish) and water‐soluble extracts from Cheddar, Norvegia, Jarlsberg, and Blue cheese were also prepared. Peptides in the supernatants obtained after heat‐treatment of fish hydrolysates, autolysates and water‐soluble extracts of rakfisk and cheeses at 95°C for 15 min were analysed for inhibition of PE. Inhibition was also measured in peptide fractions separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance chromatography and by gel permeation chromatography. The peptide fractions from fish hydrolysates, fish autolysates, and water‐soluble extracts of cheeses inhibited PE in hydrolysing Z‐Gly‐Pro‐amido‐methylcoumarin. Inhibition by peptides from rakfisk was negligible. Pepsin + trypsin hydrolysates from the three fish species contained PE inhibitory peptides with a broad range of apparent hydrophobicity and apparent molecular mass. Autolysates from muscles of the 3 fish species contained narrow peptide peaks of different molecular mass and different apparent hydrophobicity with strong PE inhibitory activity. The content of hydrophilic inhibitory peptides was lower in cheeses than in pepsin + trypsin hydrolysates of fish muscle.
Effects of drying process on antioxidant activity of purple carrots
Authors: Uyan Seda Ersus , Baysal Taner , Yurdagel Ünal , El Sedef Nehir 
Published: February 2004

AbstractPurple carrot was analysed for its antioxidant activity by measuring its scavenging effect on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The amount of purple carrot necessary to decrease by 50% the initial DPPH concentration (EC50) was found 30.23 ± 5.17 (mg sample /mg DPPH). Effects of the dehydration process on the antioxidant activity of purple carrots were also determined after dehydration by using tray drier and microwave + tray drier combination. Purple carrots were cleaned, washed, sorted, sliced, and blanched in water at 98 ± 1°C for 2 min. Then half of the samples were dehydrated in microwave (45 min) and tray drier (105 min) combination, and others were dehydrated in tray drier (150 min) until reaching the constant weight. Raw, blanched and dehydrated purple carrots were compared for their antioxidant activity and total anthocyanin contents, color values (L*, a*, b*, C*, H°) and dry matter contents. The antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH, EC50 value ranged from 7.80 to 30.23 of processed and raw carrots where the H° values were changed from –3.68 to –23.96 corresponding to a bluish hue.
Physical evaluation of a maize‐based extruded snack with curry powder
Authors: Christofides Vassilis , Ainsworth Paul , Ìbanoǧlu Senol , Gomes Frances 
Published: February 2004

AbstractResponse surface methodology was used to analyze the effect of screw speed (200–280 rpm), feed moisture (13.0–17.0%, wet basis), and curry powder (6.0–9.0%) on the bulk density, lateral expansion, and firmness of maize‐based extruded snack with curry powder. Regression equations describing the effect of each variable on the responses were obtained. Responses were most affected by changes in feed moisture followed by screw speed and curry powder (p < 0.05). Lateral expansion increased linearly as the amount of curry powder added was increased whereas a quadratic increase was obtained in lateral expansion with decreasing feed moisture. The firmness of samples was increased with an increase in feed moisture. The bulk density of samples was increased with increasing feed moisture and screw speeds. Radial expansion was found to be a better index to measure the physical properties of the extruded product indicated by a higher correlation coefficient.
In vitro availability of minerals of some tropical and citrus fruits as influenced by antinutritional factors
Authors: Malik Inass O. , Babiker Elfadil E. , Yousif Nabila E. , El Tinay Abdullahi H. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractFour tropical fruits and three citrus fruits were analyzed for moisture, ash, antinutritional factors (phytate, oxalate, and polyphenols) contents, and total and available minerals. Moisture contents ranged from 6.0 to 83.17% for tropical fruits while that of citrus fruits ranged from 88.20 to 89.50%. Ash contents ranged from 2.56 to 4.50% and from 3.83 to 4.83%, for tropical and citrus fruits, respectively. All fruits contained no oxalate while phytate and polyphenols ranged from 48.1 to 134.1 mg/100 g and from 0.115 to 0.34%, respectively. For all fruits major minerals contents ranged from 7.7 to 433.3 while trace ones ranged from 0.116 to 1.91 mg/100 g. In vitro availabilities of major minerals (% of total) varied from 11.1 to 86.2% while for minor ones it ranged from 13 to 72.5%.
Enhanced bactericidal action and masking of allergen structure of soy protein by attachment of chitosan through Maillard‐type protein‐polysaccharide conjugation
Authors: Usui Masakatsu , Tamura Hiroshi , Nakamura Kimiko , Ogawa Tadashi , Muroshita Mayumi , Azakami Hiroyuki , Kanuma Shin , Kato Akio 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe soy protein‐chitosan conjugate was formed by the Maillard reaction in dry state (relative humidity 65%) at 60°C for 2 weeks to improve the functional properties. The antimicrobial activity of the Maillard‐type soy protein‐chitosan conjugates enhanced 2–3 times that of soy protein‐chitosan mixture. The soy protein‐chitosan conjugate showed excellent emulsifying property with the progress of Maillard‐type conjugation. The allergenicity of soy protein was greatly decreased by the attachment of chitosan through Maillard reaction. The immonoblotting analysis with patient's sera revealed that soy protein‐chitosan conjugate was more effective to mask the allergen structure of soy protein causing from 34 kDa‐protein (Gly m Bd 30K) than soy protein‐galactomannan conjugate. The Western blotting showed that allergen (34 kDa‐protein) was completely masked by soy protein‐chitosan conjugation, while it was not completely masked by soy protein‐galactomannan conjugation.
Adjunct starter properties affect characteristic features of Swiss‐type cheeses
Authors: Weinrichter Brigitte , Sollberger Heinz , Ginzinger Wolfgang , Jaros Doris , Rohm Harald 
Published: February 2004

AbstractA large number of microorganisms, both starter microorganisms and non‐starter lactic acid bacteria originating from the base milk, or from various contamination sources during cheese manufacture, is associated with cheese ripening and the formation of flavour, texture and aroma. Under controlled conditions, Emmental and Bergkäse, a Gruyère‐type cheese variety, were produced from pasteurised milk with standard starters and defined strains of facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli (FHL), and partly with addition of a defined mixture of enterococci. Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and L. rhamnosus (two strains each) were selected with respect to their potential for the utilisation of citric acid and ribose as sole energy source. The FHL developed up to 108 cfu/g within the first weeks of ripening, and viable counts in mature cheeses were 107 cfu/g, independent of the cheese variety. Bergkäse made with addition of L. rhamnosus strains showed a more pronounced proteolysis, resulting in reduced firmness and elasticity values of the cheese body, and FHL strains able to utilise citric acid improved the appearance of the cheeses by increasing the number of small eyes to the desired level. In Emmental cheese, the citric acid (+) strains reduced the intensity of propionic acid formation as the FHL apparently competed with the propionibacteria, and enterococci disappeared completely during maturation. Although further work is needed the study shows that, depending on the cheese variety, particular properties of FHL adjunct starters significantly affect important quality attributes of the resulting cheeses.
Distinct sequences on 11q13.5 and 11q23–24 are frequently coamplified with MLL in complexly organized 11q amplicons in AML/MDS patients
Authors: Zatkova Andrea , Ullmann Reinhard , Rouillard Jean Marie , Lamb Barbara J. , Kuick Rork , Hanash Sam M. , Schnittger Susanne , Schoch Claudia , Fonatsch Christa , Wimmer Katharina 
Published: February 2004

AbstractAmplification within chromosome arm 11q involving the mixed‐lineage leukemia gene (MLL) locus is a rare but recurrent aberration in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/MDS). We and others have observed that 11q amplifications in most AML/MDS cases have not been restricted to the chromosomal region surrounding the MLL gene. Therefore, we implemented a strategy to characterize comprehensively 11q amplicons in a series of 13 AML/MDS patients with MLL amplification. Analysis of 4 of the 13 cases by restriction landmark genomic scanning in combination with virtual genome scan and by matrix‐based comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated that the 11q amplicon in these four cases consisted of at least three discontinuous sequences derived from different regions of the long arm of chromosome 11. We defined a maximally 700‐kb sequence around the MLL gene that was amplified in all cases. Apart from the core MLL amplicon, we detected two additional 11q regions that were coamplified. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, we demonstrated that sequences in 11q13.5 and 11q23–24 were amplified in 8 of 13 and 10 of 12 AML/MDS cases, respectively. Both regions harbor a number of potentially oncogenic genes. In all 13 cases, either one or both of these regions were coamplified with the MLL amplicon. Thus, we demonstrated that 11q amplicons in AML/MDS patients display a complex organization and have provided evidence for coamplification of two additional regions on the long arm of chromosome 11 that may harbor candidate target genes. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protracted postnatal natural histories in childhood leukemia
Authors: Maia Ana Teresa , Koechling Joachim , Corbett Robin , Metzler Markus , Wiemels Joseph L. , Greaves Mel 
Published: February 2004

AbstractStudies of monozygotic twins with concordant leukemia and scrutiny of archived neonatal blood by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that many pediatric leukemias are initiated prenatally by chromosomal translocation followed by a variable postnatal period before diagnosis of disease. The latter is thought to reflect a persistent preleukemic stage and a requirement for secondary genetic events. We sought to examine this further by examination of blood spots in rare cases of MLL fusion‐positive or ETV6/RUNX1 (TEL‐AML1) fusion gene–positive acute leukemia that were diagnosed at ages beyond the normal age range. We present evidence that the duration of the postnatal preleukemic state can occasionally be very protracted in these biological subtypes of pediatric leukemia, and we discuss its biological significance. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of a novel RAS GTPase‐activating protein (RASGAP) gene at 9q34 as an MLL fusion partner in a patient with de novo acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: von Bergh Anne R. M. , Wijers Pauline M. , Groot Arjan J. , van Zelderen‐Bhola Shama , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik , Kluin Philip M. , Schuuring Ed 
Published: February 2004

AbstractThe t(9;11) has been described in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and two genes [AF9 (at 9p21) and FBP17 (at 9q34)] have been cloned as fusion partners of the MLL gene. From an AML‐M5 with a t(9;11)(q34;q23), we identified a novel MLL fusion partner, AF9Q34. The AF9Q34 protein shows high homology with nGAP, a RAS GTPase‐activating protein (RASGAP), and contains the highly conserved GRD and FLR motifs characteristic of RASGAPs. Recently, the rat homologue (DAB2IP) also was identified and reported to act as a RASGAP both in vivo and in vitro. RASGAPs negatively regulate the activity of RAS proteins that modulate diverse cellular processes by cycling between an inactive GDP‐bound and an active GTP‐bound state. In addition, the NH2 terminus harbors an amino acid stretch with homology to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain implicated in regulating the interaction between RAS and the catalytic domain of RASGAP. As a result of the breakpoint in the AF9Q34–MLL fusion protein, this PH domain is disrupted. This suggests that because of the translocation, the normal function of the AF9Q34 gene is aborted. Thus, AF9Q34 encodes a novel RASGAP gene that appears to be deregulated as a result of the translocation. The identification of this RASGAP protein in a novel MLL fusion implies that an indirect RAS‐deregulating mechanism could be involved in leukemic transformation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct mechanisms lead to HPRT gene mutations in leukemic cells
Authors: Lin Ying‐Wei , Perkins Jonathan J. , Zhang Zhenhua , Aplan Peter D. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractLeukemias are considered malignant clonal disorders arising from the accumulation of mutations in hematopoietic cells; the majority of these mutations are thought to be acquired somatically. Measurement of mutation frequency (Mf) at the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus has been developed as a method for estimating genomic instability. We investigated the Mf in 16 leukemic cell lines to determine whether these cell lines showed evidence of genomic instability. Although some leukemic cell lines had markedly elevated Mfs, the Mfs at the HPRT locus in leukemic cell lines were not always higher than those of B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines and T lymphocytes from normal individuals. We were able to identify the HPRT mutation for 159 of 160 individual HPRT mutants. The HPRT mutations were characterized at a molecular level and classified as either gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) or point mutations, such as single‐nucleotide substitutions, insertions, or deletions. With rare exceptions, individual leukemic cell lines showed either point mutations or GCR, but not both. Of note, all the cell lines that primarily showed point mutations are known to be defective in mismatch repair machinery. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of TERT and ATM on gene expression profiles in human fibroblasts
Authors: Baross Ágnes , Schertzer Mike , Zuyderduyn Scott D. , Jones Steven J. M. , Marra Marco A. , Lansdorp Peter M. 
Published: February 2004

AbstractTelomeres protect chromosomes from degradation, end‐to‐end fusion, and illegitimate recombination. Loss of telomeres may lead to cell death or senescence or may cause genomic instability, leading to tumor formation. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in human fibroblast cells elongates their telomeres and extends their lifespan. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) deficiency in A‐T human fibroblasts results in accelerated telomere shortening, abnormal cell‐cycle response to DNA damage, and early senescence. Gene expression profiling was performed by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) on BJ normal human skin fibroblasts, A‐T cells, and BJ and A‐T cells transduced with TERT cDNA and expressing telomerase activity. In the four SAGE libraries, 36,921 unique SAGE tags were detected. Pairwise comparisons between the libraries showed differential expression levels of 1%–8% of the tags. Transcripts affected by both TERT and ATM were identified according to expression patterns, making them good candidates for further studies of pathways affected by both TERT and ATM. These include MT2A, P4HB, LGALS1, CFL1, LDHA, S100A10, EIF3S8, RANBP9, and SEC63. These genes are involved in apoptosis or processes related to cell growth, and most have been found to be deregulated in cancer. Our results have provided further insight into the roles of TERT and ATM by identifying genes likely to be involved in their function. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer website at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat/index.html. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.