bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in Mental Health Counseling From Conversational Content With Transformer-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Imel Zac E. , Tanana Michael J. , Soma Christina S. , Hull Thomas D. , Pace Brian T. , Stanco Sarah C. , Creed Torrey A. , Moyers Theresa B. , Atkins David C. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceUse of asynchronous text-based counseling is rapidly growing as an easy-to-access approach to behavioral health care. Similar to in-person treatment, it is challenging to reliably assess as measures of process and content do not scale.ObjectiveTo use machine learning to evaluate clinical content and client-reported outcomes in a large sample of text-based counseling episodes of care.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this quality improvement study, participants received text-based counseling between 2014 and 2019; data analysis was conducted from September 22, 2022, to November 28, 2023. The deidentified content of messages was retained as a part of ongoing quality assurance. Treatment was asynchronous text-based counseling via an online and mobile therapy app (Talkspace). Therapists were licensed to provide mental health treatment and were either independent contractors or employees of the product company. Participants were self-referred via online sign-up and received services via their insurance or self-pay and were assigned a diagnosis from their health care professional.ExposureAll clients received counseling services from a licensed mental health clinician.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were client engagement in counseling (number of weeks), treatment satisfaction, and changes in client symptoms, measured via the 8-item version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8). A previously trained, transformer-based, deep learning model automatically categorized messages into types of therapist interventions and summaries of clinical content.ResultsThe total sample included 166 644 clients treated by 4973 therapists (20 600 274 messages). Participating clients were predominantly female (75.23%), aged 26 to 35 years (55.4%), single (37.88%), earned a bachelor’s degree (59.13%), and were White (61.8%). There was substantial variability in intervention use and treatment content across therapists. A series of mixed-effects regressions indicated that collectively, interventions and clinical content were associated with key outcomes: engagement (multiple R = 0.43), satisfaction (multiple R = 0.46), and change in PHQ-8 score (multiple R = 0.13).Conclusions and RelevanceThis quality improvement study found associations between therapist interventions, clinical content, and client-reported outcomes. Consistent with traditional forms of counseling, higher amounts of supportive counseling were associated with improved outcomes. These findings suggest that machine learning–based evaluations of content may increase the scale and specificity of psychotherapy research.
Cardiovascular, Neurological, and Immunological Adverse Events and the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Authors: Yoon Dongwon , Jeon Ha-Lim , Kim Ju Hwan , Lee Hyesung , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceDespite widespread immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), safety concerns remain owing to a lack of statistical power and largely outdated evidence.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between cardiovascular, neurological, and immunological adverse events and PPSV23 vaccination in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study using a self-controlled risk interval design used a large linked database created by linking the Korea Immunization Registry Information System and the National Health Information Database (2018 to 2021). Participants included patients aged 65 years or older with a history of PPSV23 vaccination and incident cardiovascular, neurological, or immunological events during the risk and control intervals. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to April 2023.Exposure23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe occurrence of 1 among 6 cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, hypotension, and myocarditis or pericarditis), 2 neurological events (Bell palsy and Guillain-Barré syndrome), and 3 immunological events (sepsis, thrombocytopenia, and anaphylaxis) during the risk and control periods. The risk and control intervals were defined as 1 to 28 and 57 to 112 days after PPSV23 vaccination, respectively. Conditional Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% CI.ResultsAltogether, 4355 of the 1 802 739 individuals who received PPSV23 vaccination and experienced at least 1 outcome event were included (mean [SD] age, 72.4 [8.2] years; 2272 male participants [52.1%]). For cardiovascular events, there were no significant associations for myocardial infarction (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.81-1.15), heart failure (IRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70-1.04), and stroke (IRR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-1.02). Similarly, no increased risks were observed for neurological and immunological outcomes: Bell palsy (IRR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.72-1.26), Guillain-Barré syndrome (IRR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.06-1.17), sepsis (IRR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.74-1.32), and thrombocytopenia (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.60-2.35).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this self-controlled risk interval study, there was no appreciable increase in risk for most cardiovascular, neurological, or immunological adverse events following PPSV23. The updated safety profile of PPSV23 provides supportive evidence for the establishment of immunization strategies for older adults.
A virtual phantom for patient‐specific QA On A 1.5T MR‐linac
Authors: Ji Mingshuo , Li Zhenjiang , Tian Yuan , Zhang Ke , Li Minghui , Chen Yan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCreate a virtual ArcCHECK‐MR phantom, customized for a 1.5T MR‐linac, with consideration of the different density regions within the quality assurance (QA) phantom, aiming to streamline the utilization of this specialized QA device. A virtual phantom was constructed in the treatment planning system (TPS) to replicate the ArcCHECK‐MR's composition, consisting of five distinct layers: “Outer” (representing the outer PMMA ring), “Complex” (simulating the printed circuit boards), “Detectors” (encompassing the detector area), “Inner” (signifying the inner PMMA ring) and “Insert” (representing the PMMA insert). These layers were defined based on geometric data and represented as contour points on a set of dummy CT images. Additionally, a setup platform was integrated as contoured structures. To determine the relative electron density (RED) values of the external and internal PMMA components, measurements were taken at 25 points in the insert using an ion chamber. A novel method for establishing the exit/entrance dose ratio (EEDR) for ArcCHECK‐MR was introduced. The RED of higher density region was derived by evaluating the local gamma index passing rate results with criteria of 2% dose difference and 2 mm distance‐to‐agreement. The performance of the virtual phantom was assessed for Unity 7 FFF beams with a 1.5T magnetic field. The radii of the five ring structures within the virtual phantom measured 133.0 mm, 110.0 mm, 103.4 mm, 100.0 mm, and 75.0 mm for the “Outer,” “Complex,” “Detectors,” “Inner” and “Insert” regions, respectively. The RED values were as follows: ArcCHECK‐MR PMMA had a RED of 1.130, “Detectors” were assumed to have a RED of 1.000, “Complex” had a RED of 1.200, and the setup QA phantom justified a RED of 1.350. Early validation results demonstrate that the 5‐layer virtual phantom, when compared to the commonly used bulk overridden phantom, offers improved capability in MR‐linac environments. This enhancement led to an increase in passing rates for the local gamma index by approximately 5 ∼ 6%, when applying the criteria of 2%, 2 mm. We have successfully generated a virtual representation of the distinct regions within the ArcCHECK‐MR using a TPS, addressing the challenges associated with its use in conjunction with a 1.5T MR‐linac. We consistently observed favorable local gamma index passing rates across two 1.5T MR‐linac and ArcCHECK‐MR unit combinations. This approach has the potential to minimize uncertainties in the creation of the QA phantom for ArcCHECK‐MR across various institutions.
Entropy Tuning Stabilizing P2‐Type Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Jie , Huang Weiyuan , Liu Renbin , Lang Jian , Li Yuhao , Liu Tongchao , Amine Khalil , Li Hongsen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe P2‐type layered transition metal oxide cathodes confront formidable challenges, including irreversible deleterious phase transitions, transition metals migration, and sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics, which hamper their rapid commercial application in sodium ion batteries (SIB). In this work, an entropy tuning with dual‐site substitution strategy is proposed to address the aforementioned issues. In the tailored [Na0.67Zn0.05]Ni0.22Cu0.06Mn0.66Ti0.01O2 (NZNCMTO) cathodes, the strategic incorporation of Zn ions serves to occupy Na sites, intentionally disrupting the Na/vacancy ordering and establishing a reinforcing “pillar” effect within the layered framework. Furthermore, the substitution of Cu and Ti for Ni and Mn bolsters covalent bonding with the lattice oxygen, thereby impeding the migration of the transition metal ions and leading to a near‐zero strain structural evolution during charge and discharge process. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that entropy‐tuned NZNCMTO substantially lowered the migration energy barrier for Na+ ions diffusion and improved electronic conductivity. Consequently, the NZNCMTO cathode exhibits an impressive high practical capacity of 91.54 mAh g−1 at a high discharge rate of 10 C, along with outstanding cycling stability, maintaining near 100% capacity retention over 500 cycles at a current density of 10 C. This work presents an innovative blueprint for designing high‐performance sodium‐ion battery cathode materials.
The Promise and Potential of Brain Organoids
Authors: Smirnova Lena , Hartung Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBrain organoids are 3D in vitro culture systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells that self‐organize to model features of the (developing) human brain. This review examines the techniques behind organoid generation, their current and potential applications, and future directions for the field. Brain organoids possess complex architecture containing various neural cell types, synapses, and myelination. They have been utilized for toxicology testing, disease modeling, infection studies, personalized medicine, and gene‐environment interaction studies. An emerging concept termed Organoid Intelligence (OI) combines organoids with artificial intelligence systems to generate learning and memory, with the goals of modeling cognition and enabling biological computing applications. Brain organoids allow neuroscience studies not previously achievable with traditional techniques, and have the potential to transform disease modeling, drug development, and the understanding of human brain development and disorders. The aspirational vision of OI parallels the origins of artificial intelligence, and efforts are underway to map a roadmap toward its realization. In summary, brain organoids constitute a disruptive technology that is rapidly advancing and gaining traction across multiple disciplines.
Printable Liquid Metal Foams That Grow When Watered
Authors: Krisnadi Febby , Kim Seoyeon , Im Sooik , Chacko Dennis , Vong Man Hou , Rykaczewski Konrad , Park Sungjune , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPastes and “foams” containing liquid metal (LM) as the continuous phase (liquid metal foams, LMFs) exhibit metallic properties while displaying paste or putty‐like rheological behavior. These properties enable LMFs to be patterned into soft and stretchable electrical and thermal conductors through processes conducted at room temperature, such as printing. The simplest LMFs, featured in this work, are made by stirring LM in air, thereby entraining oxide‐lined air “pockets” into the LM. Here, it is reported that mixing small amounts of water (as low as 1 wt%) into such LMFs gives rise to significant foaming by harnessing known reactions that evolve hydrogen and produce oxides. The resulting structures can be ≈4–5× their original volume and possess a fascinating combination of attributes: porosity, electrical conductivity, and responsiveness to environmental conditions. This expansion can be utilized for a type of 4D printing in which patterned conductors “grow,” fill cavities, and change shape and density with respect to time. Excessive exposure to water in the long term ultimately consumes the metal in the LMF. However, when exposure to water is controlled, the metallic properties of porous LMFs can be preserved.
Fluorine‐Free Lithium‐Ion Capacitor with Enhanced Sustainability and Safety Based on Bio‐Based ƴ‐Valerolactone and Lithium Bis(Oxalato)Borate Electrolyte
Authors: Teoh Khai Shin , Melchiorre Massimo , Darlami Magar Sandesh , Hermesdorf Marius , Leistenschneider Desirée , Oschatz Martin , Ruffo Francesco , Gómez Urbano Juan Luis , Balducci Andrea 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, the properties of a novel electrolyte based on the combination of bio‐based ƴ‐valerolactone (GVL) solvent with lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) salt and its use for lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are presented. It is shown that the 1 m LiBOB in GVL electrolyte displays good transport properties, high thermal stability, and the ability to prevent anodic dissolution. Its impact on the performance of both battery‐type and capacitive‐type electrodes is evaluated. In this regard, special attention is paid to the filming properties associated with LiBOB and GVL decomposition at the electrode surfaces. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the full‐cell devices assembled in this study are the first example of a fluorine‐free LIC. These devices exhibit a favorable energy‐to‐power ratio, delivering 80 Wh kg−1AM at 10 000 W kg−1AM along with excellent cycling stability, retaining 80% of the initial capacitance after 25 000 cycles. Furthermore, post‐mortem analysis of the LIC electrodes is conducted to gain deeper insights into the degradation mechanisms within the device.
Realization of Selector‐Memory Bi‐Functionality with Self‐Current Regulation Utilizing Poly‐Crystalline Based GST Electrolyte for Memristor Hardware Development
Authors: Hong Seokman , Park See‐On , Jeong Hakcheon , Park Taehoon , Cho YoonHo , Jang Tae‐Hwan , Sung Su‐Jin , Ahn Hyojung , Lee Jongwon , Choi Shinhyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractConductive bridge random‐access memory (CBRAM) are two terminal devices that offer excellent switching performance. In addition, CBRAM shows various switching modes, including volatile threshold switching (TS) and nonvolatile threshold switching (N‐TS). These properties expand its applications to memory, selector, biological synapses, and neurons. However, due to the uncontrollable behavior of stochastic switching between TS and N‐TS in CBRAM devices, a novel approach is needed to improve the switching performance of CBRAM. Moreover, conventional devices that have different stacking between TS and N‐TS increase fabrication cost and worsen the device yield. Here, the selector‐memory bi‐functionality with self‐current regulation effect of Ag‐inserted Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films is demonstrated. Selector‐memory bi‐functionality, having TS behavior with an adjustable on/off current, with confined conductive filaments (CFs) improves the uniformity and reduces the fabrication cost by implementing TS/N‐TS in a single stack. From the material analysis, it becomes evident that confined Ag‐based CFs within GST films are key factors for realizing selector‐memory bi‐functionality. The selector‐memory bi‐functionality is achieved through the reaction of Ag metal cations with non‐bonded Te atoms in GST film depending on field polarity. These results suggest that the Ag‐inserted GST film contributes to the development of large‐scale nonvolatile memory and neuromorphic application.
Engineering of Diffuse Structural Colors
Authors: Billiet Yannis , Chevalier Victor , Kostcheev Sergei , Kadiri Hind , Blaize Sylvain , Rumyantseva Anna , Lérondel Gilles 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNowadays, structural colors successfully replace pigment‐based ones. Most of the newly proposed solutions rely on plasmonic systems, so speaking nanosized objects, exhibiting strongly size‐dependent optical properties. As a consequence, the fabrication requires high‐precision and time‐consuming technologies. A concept dealing with sub‐micronic surface features, easily reproducible on a large scale is proposed. The designed metasurface consists of randomly distributed holes serving both as cavity resonators and scatterers. The proposed solution grants an efficient control of the spatial distribution of diffuse light and offers a large palette of vibrant colors. The interferometric model and a two‐layer angular spectrum method provide a solid description of the physical origin of the phenomenon, with a high degree of agreement between simulations and experimental data.
Extremely Low Threshold Quasi‐CW Amplified Spontaneous Emission Achieving and Its Mechanism Study
Authors: Li Yuanzhao , Ying Shian , Xia Lifen , Zhang Xiaowei , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Peng Junbiao , Ma Dongge 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe development of lasing materials with weak pile‐up effect from triplet excitons, low lasing threshold, and long operational lifetime is much significant for truly continuous wave operation and electrically pumping organic lasers. However, most of organic gain media has been verified to have extreme quenching effect from triplet excitons due to its wide‐band distribution of triplet absorption spectrum. Here, it is found that the phenanthroimidazole derivatives as gain media have congenital advantages on handling triplet's issues. A very low amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) threshold of 0.56 µJ cm−2 and a long operational lifetime of 5.77 × 105 pump pulses in air atmosphere are well obtained. When increasing the pump repetition frequency from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, the operational lifetimes of the thin films have small reduction. Under a high pump repetition frequency of 200 kHz, which is quasi‐continuous wave operational regime, the PI2PhDPO thin film exhibits very low ASE threshold of 0.78 µJ cm−2 due to the tiny overlap between triplet absorption and ASE spectra.
Achieving Multicolor Anti‐Counterfeiting via Simultaneous X‐Ray and UV/Blue Excitation in Ca2YMgScSi3O12: Mn2+
Authors: Wang Xinran , Dai Heng , Li Baozhu , Xu Xuhui , Zhang Jian , Liu Daiyuan , Liu Yichun , Liu Zhichao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOptical materials have attracted much attention in anti‐counterfeiting applications due to their visualization and multi‐emission modes. However, the unit occupancy predestines the material to only monochromatic emission, inhibiting the application of optical materials in advanced information encryption. Here, a green to yellow to deep‐red phosphor is reported in a Mn2+‐activated garnet compound Ca2YMgScSi3O12: Mn2+ (CYMSS: Mn2+), originating from the abundant lattice sites occupying within the crystal structure by Mn2+ ions. Three different photoluminescence (PL) emission bands peaked at 517, 576, and 720 nm from 4T1 (G) → 6A1 (S) are observed, which are attributed to the substitution of [Sc/MgO6] octahedron and [Ca/YO8] dodecahedron sites by Mn2+ ions, respectively. Hence, tunable emissions from green to deep‐red are realized in single Mn2+ doping by switching the excitation source of ultraviolet (UV)/blue and X‐ray, which can be further regulated by varying the Mn2+ concentration. Multi‐position occupying, color‐tunable light‐emitting materials offer the possibility of more advanced optical information encryption.
A Pro‐Regenerative Supramolecular Prodrug Protects Against and Repairs Colon Damage in Experimental Colitis
Authors: DeFrates Kelsey G. , Tong Elaine , Cheng Jing , Heber‐Katz Ellen , Messersmith Phillip B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStructural repair of the intestinal epithelium is strongly correlated with disease remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, ulcer healing is not addressed by existing therapies. To address this need, this study reports the use of a small molecule prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor (DPCA) to upregulate hypoxia‐inducible factor one‐alpha (HIF‐1α) and induce mammalian regeneration. Sustained delivery of DPCA is achieved through subcutaneous injections of a supramolecular hydrogel, formed through the self‐assembly of PEG‐DPCA conjugates. Pre‐treatment of mice with PEG‐DPCA is shown to protect mice from epithelial erosion and symptoms of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis. Surprisingly, a single subcutaneous dose of PEG‐DPCA, administered after disease onset, leads to accelerated weight gain and complete restoration of healthy tissue architecture in colitic mice. Rapid DPCA‐induced restoration of the intestinal barrier is likely orchestrated by increased expression of HIF‐1α and associated targets leading to an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Further investigation of DPCA as a potential adjunctive or stand‐alone restorative treatment to combat active IBD is warranted.
Ultrasound Activated Nanobowls with Deep Penetration for Enhancing Sonodynamic Therapy of Orthotopic Liver Cancer
Authors: Lin Xiahui , Chen Shan , Su Yina , Wu Ying , Huang Linjie , Ye Qin , Song Jibin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOwing to the high penetration ability and the safety of ultrasound (US) of sonodynamic therapy (SDT), it has gained significant attention in tumor treatment. However, its therapeutic efficiency depends on the performance of the sonosensitizers. The hypoxic microenvironment and abnormal stromal matrix restrict the full potential of sonosensitizers. In this study, a US‐activated bowl‐shaped nanobomb (APBN) is designed as a novel sonosensitizer to enhance the SDT effect through various means. This enhancement strategy combines three major characteristics: relieving tumor hypoxia, amplifying bubble cavitation damage, and US‐movement‐enhanced permeation. The unique bowl‐shaped structure of APBN provides more favorable attachment sites for the generated oxygen gas bubbles. Thus, when catalase‐like APBN catalyzes endogenous hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen, bubbles accumulate at the groove, preventing the dissipation of oxygen and increasing the number of cavitation nuclei to improve the acoustic cavitation effect. This approach differs from traditional SDT strategies because it couples the sonodynamic effect with reactive oxygen species generation and bubble cavitation damage rather than a single action. Additionally, the asymmetric bowl‐shaped structure generates a driving force under the US field, improving the distribution of sonosensitizers in the tumors. Using US and photoacoustic imaging for dual localization, these sonosensitizers can improve the accuracy of orthotopic liver tumor treatment, which presents a promising avenue for the treatment of deep tumors.