bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life and disease status of patients with Parkinson’s disease during and after zero-COVID in China: an online survey
Authors: Huang Pei , Tan Yu-Yan , Chen Biao , Shang Hui-Fang , Wang Li-Juan , Liu Chun-Feng , Chen Ling , Chang Ying , Wang Han , Wang Xue-Lian , Lei Xiao-Guang , Yao Li-Fen , Yu Yang , Ye Zheng , Chen Hai-Bo , Chen Sheng-Di 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) at different stages of the pandemic. This study aims to assess the lives and disease status of PD patients during the zero-COVID policy period and after ending the zero-COVID policy.MethodsThis multicenter cross-sectional study included two online surveys among PD patients in China, from May 30 to June 30 in 2022 and from January 1 to February 28 in 2023, respectively. The survey questionnaires contained four sections: (1) status of COVID-19 infection; (2) impact on motor and non-motor symptoms; (3) impact on daily and social lives; and (4) impact on PD disease management.ResultsA total of 1764 PD patients participated in the first online survey, with 200 patients having lockdown experience and 3 being COVID-19-positive (0.17%). In addition, 537 patients participated in the second online survey, with 467 patients having COVID-19 infection (86.96%). (1) During zero-COVID, all of the COVID-19-positive patients had mild symptoms of COVID-19 and no death was reported. After zero-COVID, 83.51% of the COVID-19-positive patients had mild symptoms. The overall death rate and inpatient mortality rate of COVID-19-positive PD patients were 3.21% and 30.00%, respectively. (2) During zero-COVID, 49.43% of PD patients reported worsening of PD-related symptoms (lockdown vs. unlockdown, 60.50% vs. 48.02%,P = 0.0009). After zero-COVID, 54.93% of PD patients reported worsening of PD-related symptoms (COVID-19 positive vs. COVID-19 negative, 59.31% vs. 25.71%,P < 0.0001). (3) During zero-COVID, 62.36% of patients felt worried, and ‘limited outdoor activities’ (55.39%) was the top reason for mental health problems. After zero-COVID, 59.03% of patients felt worried, with ‘poor health’ (58.10%) being the top reason. The PD patients tended to change their daily activities from offline to online, and their economic and caregiver burdens increased both during and after zero-COVID. (4) Most PD patients would like to choose online rehabilitation during (69.56%) and after zero-COVID (69.27%). The demand for online medication purchasing also increased during (47.00%) and after zero-COVID (26.63%).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD patients either during or after the zero-COVID policy period. The PD patients also experienced prominent mental health problems, changes in daily activities, and increases in economic and caregiver burdens. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed ways of PD management with increasing demands for online medication purchasing and rehabilitation.
“When people who use drugs can’t differentiate between medical care and cops, it’s a problem.” Compounding risks of law Enforcement Harassment & Punitive Healthcare Policies
Authors: Ostrach Bayla , Hixon Vanessa , Bryce Ainsley 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Community-based harm reduction programming is widely recognized as an effective strategy for reducing the increased risks for and spread of HIV, HCV, and for reducing the growing rate of overdose deaths among people who use drugs (PWUD). PWUD in the United States (US) are a highly justice-involved population, also at increased risk for law enforcement interaction, arrest, and incarceration. These risks compound and interact in the context of criminalization and law enforcement surveillance. Justice involvement increases risks for overdose and for riskier injecting behavior among PWUD, in turn increasing HCV and HIV risks. In Central and Southern Appalachia specifically, PWUD have identified fear of law enforcement harassment and arrest as a barrier to engaging in harm reduction behavior, and a deterrent to seeking help at the scene of an overdose. Moreover, stigmatizing and punitive treatment in healthcare settings can deter PWUD from seeking care, with life or death consequences. This evaluation research study assessing the successes and impacts of a grant-funded project to increase access to safer drug consumption supplies and overdose prevention education for PWUD, including justice-involved participants of a syringe access program (SAP), in public housing and beyond in a South-Central Appalachian setting used key informant and opportunistic sampling. Mixed-methods data were compiled and collected including secondary program data; primary interview and participant-observation data.

Results
The evaluation research identified that grant deliverables were largely achieved, despite challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, SAP participants and staff reported larger themes surrounding grant-funded activities, in which they perceived that widespread local law enforcement harassment of PWUD increased participants’ risks for overdose death and infectious disease risks and that punitive local healthcare settings and policies acted as deterrents to care-seeking for many PWUD.

Conclusions
Overall, the evaluation research found that participants’ experiences with and perceptions of local law enforcement harassment combined with their understandings and experiences of local punitive healthcare settings and policies; together compounding and increasing overdose risks and negative health consequences for local justice-involved PWUD.
The relationship between family resilience and the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of pregnant women: the mediating role of individual resilience
Authors: Yousefi Afrashteh Majid , Hanifeh Parinaz , Morovati Zekrollah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnancy period is an important experience in the life process of married women, which leads them to growth and development and is considered as a part of the puberty process. The aim of this research is to determine the mediating role of individual resilience in relation to family resilience, psychological well-being and life satisfaction of the pregnant women. The current study is correlational according to the practical purpose and based on data collection.

Methodes
The study population of the current research is all pregnant women in 2021, and 361 of them responded to the self-report questionnaires of family resilience, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and individual resilience. To analysis the model, the path analysis method was used utilization spss-26 and Lisrel 10.2 software.

Results
The results show a good fit of the model with the data. The results also showed a direct and significant effect between life satisfaction with obligation (β = 0.22 and t = 3.42), with challenge (β = 0.28 and t = 3.98), with control (β = 0.11 and t = 2.13), psychological well-being with obligation (β = 0.20 and t = 3.11), with challenge (β = 0.20 and t = 2.73) and with control (β = 0.45 and t = 10.34).

Conclusion
The upshot of this research can be considered in interventions related to pregnant women. Strengthening resilience in this group can be useful for increasing life satisfaction and psychological well-being of pregnant women.
Anatomy-based correction of kidney PVE on $$^{177}\text{Lu}$$ SPECT images
Authors: Salvadori Julien , Allegrini Oreste , Opsommer Thomas , Carullo Josefina , Sarrut David , Porot Clemence , Ritzenthaler Florian , Meyer Philippe , Namer Izzie-Jacques 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), accurate quantification of kidney activity on post-treatment SPECT images paves the way for patient-specific treatment. Due to the limited spatial resolution of SPECT images, the partial volume effect (PVE) is a significant source of quantitative bias. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the performance and robustness of anatomy-based partial volume correction (PVC) algorithms to recover the accurate activity concentration of realistic kidney geometries on $$^{177}$$

177

Lu SPECT images recorded under clinical conditions.

Methods
Based on the CT scan data from patients, three sets of fillable kidneys with surface-to-volume (S:V) ratios ranging from 1.5 to 2.8 cm−1, were 3D printed and attached in a IEC phantom. Quantitative $$^{177}$$

177

Lu SPECT/CT acquisitions were performed on a GE Discovery NM CT 870 DR camera for the three modified IEC phantoms and for 6 different Target-To-Background ratios (TBRs: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12). Two region-based (GTM and Labbé) and five voxel-based (GTM + MTC, Labbé + MTC, GTM + RBV, Labbé + RBV and IY) methods were evaluated with this data set. Additionally, the robustness of PVC methods to Point Spread Function (PSF) discrepancies, registration mismatches and background heterogeneity was evaluated.

Results
Without PVC, the average kidney RCs across all TBRs ranged from 0.66 ± 0.05 (smallest kidney) to 0.80 ± 0.03 (largest kidney). For a TBR of 12, all anatomy-based method were able to recover the kidneys activity concentration with an error < 6%. All methods result in a comparable decline in RC restoration with decreasing TBR. The Labbé method was the most robust against PSF and registration mismatches but was also the most sensitive to background heterogeneity. Among the voxel-based methods, MTC images were less uniform than RBV and IY images at the outer edge of high uptake areas (kidneys and spheres).

Conclusion
Anatomy-based PVE correction allows for accurate SPECT quantification of the $$^{177}$$

177

Lu activity concentration with realistic kidney geometries. Combined with recent progress in deep-learning algorithms for automatic anatomic segmentation of whole-body CT, these methods could be of particular interest for a fully automated OAR dosimetry pipeline with PVE correction.
Randomised controlled feasibility study protocol of the Carers-ID online intervention to support the mental health of family carers of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Linden Mark A. , Leonard Rachel , Forbes Trisha , Brown Michael , Marsh Lynne , Todd Stuart , Hughes Nathan , Truesdale Maria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Family carers play a crucial role in supporting the health and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities. Given their role and responsibilities, many family carers experience significant and ongoing stress and mental health difficulties. Programmes and interventions which provide training and support to family carers have been shown to have a positive impact on levels of stress and quality of life. However, these are often face to face which can create barriers to full participation. Online interventions have been shown to offer flexibility in delivery compared with traditional face-to-face approaches. The primary objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of delivering the Carers-ID online intervention, while the secondary outcome is improved mental health in family carers of people with intellectual disabilities.

Methods
Family carers (n = 120) will be randomised to receive the intervention (n = 60) or assigned to a wait-list control (n = 60) group. The intervention (www.Carers-ID.com) consists of 14 modules which cover topics including the following: promoting resilience, providing peer support, reducing anxiety, managing stress, accessing local supports and managing family conflict and information for siblings who are carers. The intervention has been co-produced with voluntary sector organisations and family carers and tested for acceptability. Primary outcomes for this study include acceptability and feasibility of the outcome measures, recruitment, participation and retention rates and effect sizes. Secondary outcomes will be completed at three time points (baseline, following intervention completion and 3 months after completion). These include the following: the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, the Resilience Scale and the Social Connectedness Scale Revised. Participants (n = 12) who have taken part in the intervention arm of the research will be invited to participate in semi-structured interviews as part of the process evaluation.

Discussion
The Carers-ID intervention provides an online resource for family carers to support their mental health and well-being and promote their resilience. It represents an affordable and accessible means of delivering such support. Testing the feasibility of the intervention and related trial procedures is required to determine whether a full-scale randomised controlled trial to evaluate the intervention’s effectiveness is warranted.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05737823
Deep-sea ctenostome bryozoans: revision of the family Pachyzoidae, with description of a new genus and three new species from Zealandia
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Gordon Dennis P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPachyzoidae is a little-known family of deep-sea ctenostome Bryozoa that until now was monospecific for Pachyzoon atlanticum. Originally described from the Atlantic Ocean, the genus was also found off southeastern New Caledonia in deep waters of the geological continent of Zealandia. Pachyzoon atlanticum forms globular to flat round colonies, living on soft, muddy to sandy bottoms with a few rhizoidal cystid appendages extending from the basal, substrate-oriented side. In this study, we investigate additional pachyzoids, collected between 1965 and 2015 from over 40 sites around New Zealand, by means of detailed morphological and histological investigations. In total, several hundred colonies were encountered in the NIWA Invertebrate Collection, comprising two new species of the genus Pachyzoon, P. grischenkoi sp. nov. and P. pulvinaris sp. nov., and the new genus and species Jeanloupia zealandica gen. et sp. nov.. The genus Jeanloupia is characterized by small disc-shaped colonies with highly elongated peristomes and a quadrangular aperture, distinct from the round apertures of the genus Pachyzoon. Pachyzoid species differ in colony structure and shape, apertural papillae and polypide features such as tentacle number or digestive-tract details. Cystid appendages are non-kenozooidal, but may originate from laterally flanking kenozooids. Based on published images, alleged P. atlanticum from New Caledonia is re-interpreted as P. pulvinaris n. sp.. Morphological characters support alcyonidioidean relationships, as previously suggested. First observations on pachyzoid reproduction show macrolecithal oocytes and brooding of embryos, which seems to be the general pattern for this family. The occurrence of three new Zealandian species in a comparatively small geographical area far from the Atlantic indicates a high possibility of more species to discovered.
Interlinkages across US sectoral returns: time-varying interconnectedness and hedging effectiveness
Authors: Polat Onur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examines the time-varying asymmetric interlinkages between nine US sectoral returns from January 2020 to January 2023. To this end, we used the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) asymmetric connectedness approach of Adekoya et al. (Resour Policy 77:102728, 2022a, Resour Policy 78:102877, 2022b) and analyzed the time-varying transmitting/receiving roles of sectors, considering the positive and negative impacts of the spillovers. We further estimate negative spillovers networks at two burst times (the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 and the start of Russian-Ukrainian war on 24 February 2022, respectively). Moreover, we performed a portfolio back-testing analysis to determine the time-varying portfolio allocations and hedging the effectiveness of different portfolio construction techniques. Our results reveal that (i) the sectoral return series are strongly interconnected, and negative spillovers dominate the study period; (ii) US sectoral returns are more sensitive to negative shocks, particularly during the burst times; (iii) the overall, positive, and negative connectedness indices reached their maximums on March 16, 2020; (iv) the industry sector is the largest transmitter/recipient of return shocks on average; and (v) the minimum correlation and connectedness portfolio approaches robustly capture asymmetries. Our findings provide suggestions for investors, portfolio managers, and policymakers regarding optimal portfolio strategies and risk supervision.
Implementing Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals: practical considerations and (pre-)clinical perspectives
Authors: Hooijman Eline L. , Radchenko Valery , Ling Sui Wai , Konijnenberg Mark , Brabander Tessa , Koolen Stijn L. W. , de Blois Erik 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In the past years, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding targeted alpha therapy using Ac-225, driven by the observed promising clinical anti-tumor effects. As the production and technology has advanced, the availability of Ac-225 is expected to increase in the near future, making the treatment available to patients worldwide.

Main body
Ac-225 can be labelled to different biological vectors, whereby the success of developing a radiopharmaceutical depends heavily on the labelling conditions, purity of the radionuclide source, chelator, and type of quenchers used to avoid radiolysis. Multiple (methodological) challenges need to be overcome when working with Ac-225; as alpha-emission detection is time consuming and highly geometry dependent, a gamma co-emission is used, but has to be in equilibrium with the mother-nuclide. Because of the high impact of alpha emitters in vivo it is highly recommended to cross-calibrate the Ac-225 measurements for used quality control (QC) techniques (radio-TLC, HPLC, HP-Ge detector, and gamma counter). More strict health physics regulations apply, as Ac-225 has a high toxicity, thereby limiting practical handling and quantities used for QC analysis.

Conclusion
This overview focuses specifically on the practical and methodological challenges when working with Ac-225 labelled radiopharmaceuticals, and underlines the required infrastructure and (detection) methods for the (pre-)clinical application.
Access, interest and equity considerations for virtual global health activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Umphrey Lisa , Beck Alyssa , Zhou Shuo , Kagoya Enid Kawala , Paasi George , Coria Alexandra , Evert Jessica , Haque Marina , Rule Amy , Lamb Molly M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Global health activities (GHAs) reduce health disparities by promoting medical education, professional development, and resource sharing between high- and low- to middle-income countries (HICs and LMICs). Virtual global health activities facilitated continuity and bidirectionality in global health during the COVID-19 pandemic. While virtual engagement holds potential for promoting equity within partnerships, research on equitable access to and interest in virtual global health activities is limited.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, online, mixed-methods survey from January to February 2022 examining access to virtual activities before and during the pandemic across resource settings. Eligible participants were participants or facilitators of global health activities. Closed- and open-ended questions elicited participants’ access to and interest in virtual global health engagement.

Results
We analyzed 265 surveys from respondents in 45 countries (43.0% LMIC vs. HIC 57.0%). HIC respondents tended to report greater loss of in-person access due to the pandemic at their own institutions (16 of 17 queried GHAs), while LMIC respondents tended to report greater loss of in-person activities at another institution (9 of 17 queried GHAs). Respondents from LMICs were more likely to gain virtual access through another organization for all 17 queried VGHAs. HIC respondents had significantly more access to global health funding through their own organization (p < 0.01) and more flexibility for using funds. There were significant differences and trends between respondent groups in different resource environments in terms of accessibility to and interest in different virtual global health activities, both during and after the pandemic.

Conclusions
Our results highlight the need to examine accessibility to virtual global health activities within partnerships between high- and low- to middle-income countries. While virtual activities may bridge existing gaps in global health education and partnerships, further study on priorities and agenda setting for such initiatives, with special attention to power dynamics and structural barriers, are necessary to ensure meaningful virtual global health engagement moving forward.
Image annotation and curation in radiology: an overview for machine learning practitioners
Authors: Galbusera Fabio , Cina Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract“Garbage in, garbage out” summarises well the importance of high-quality data in machine learning and artificial intelligence. All data used to train and validate models should indeed be consistent, standardised, traceable, correctly annotated, and de-identified, considering local regulations. This narrative review presents a summary of the techniques that are used to ensure that all these requirements are fulfilled, with special emphasis on radiological imaging and freely available software solutions that can be directly employed by the interested researcher. Topics discussed include key imaging concepts, such as image resolution and pixel depth; file formats for medical image data storage; free software solutions for medical image processing; anonymisation and pseudonymisation to protect patient privacy, including compliance with regulations such as the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 “General Data Protection Regulation” (GDPR) and the 1996 United States Act of Congress “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act” (HIPAA); methods to eliminate patient-identifying features within images, like facial structures; free and commercial tools for image annotation; and techniques for data harmonisation and normalisation.Relevance statementThis review provides an overview of the methods and tools that can be used to ensure high-quality data for machine learning and artificial intelligence applications in radiology.Key points• High-quality datasets are essential for reliable artificial intelligence algorithms in medical imaging.• Software tools like ImageJ and 3D Slicer aid in processing medical images for AI research.• Anonymisation techniques protect patient privacy during dataset preparation.• Machine learning models can accelerate image annotation, enhancing efficiency and accuracy.• Data curation ensures dataset integrity, compliance, and quality for artificial intelligence development.Graphical Abstract