bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological, Clinical and Therapeutical Basis of a New Hypothesis for Headache
Authors: Lechin Fuad , van der Dijs Bertha 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn the light of therapeutic, biochemical, physiological, pharmacological and clinical evidences, we postulate that the headache syndrome is due to an autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance, triggered by many aetiological factors. Consequently, this syndrome is most often observed in those subjects whose ANS balance is precarious, i.e. neurotics and psychotics. Two main types of headache patients could be differentiated: (1) those showing predominance of the serotonergic (5HT) over the catecholaminergic (CA) system (depressive patients) and (2) those showing predominance of CA over 5HT system (manic or hypomanic patients).
The Action of Ergotamine on the Distribution of Carotid Blood Flow ‐ the Migraine Shunt Theory Revisited
Authors: Spierings Egilius L. H. , Saxena Pramod R. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISErgotamine alters the distribution of carotid blood flow over the capillaries and the arteriovenous anastomoses in favour of perfusion of the capillaries. This mode of action of ergotamine, which occurred independently of the concomitant reduction in carotid blood flow, indirectly supports the migraine shunt theory in which excessive opening of arteriovenous anastomoses is thought to be the primary hemodynamic derangement underlying the vascular headache of the migraine type.
Cerebral Blood Flow Studies in Patients with Cluster Headache
Authors: Nelson R.F. , Boulay G.H. du , Marshall John , Russell R.W. Ross , Symon Lindsay , Zilkha E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISCerebral blood flow (CBF) has been measured in 26 patients liable to cluster headaches. Of four patients studied during spontaneous attacks CBF fell in three and rose in one. Attacks could not be induced by nitroglycerine, alcohol or histamine except when patients were currently experiencing a bout of cluster headaches. The CBF rose during some induced attacks and fell during others. It is concluded that CBF changes do occur in cluster headache but the pattern is not consistent and does not at present suggest a mechanism for cluster headache.
Treatment of Post‐traumatic Headache with Amitriptyline
Authors: Tyler G. Scott , McNeely Harold E. , Dick M. Lawrence 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty‐three patients were studied retrospectively for treatment received for post‐head injury. Over 90% of the patients treated made an excellent or good recovery. Prognosis in the post‐head injury victim with headache, irritability, and dizziness and visual problem, can be improved with the judicious use of amitriptyline and a counseling program with concentration on aiding the patient in communicating with significant members of his environment. Additionally, diagnosis and treatment of superimposed specific type of headache must be accomplished.
Catecholamines and Migraine: Evidence Based on Biofeedback Induced Changes
Authors: Mathew Roy J. , Ho Beng T. , Kralik Patricia , Taylor Dorothy , Claghorn James L. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEvidence from several sources indicate an association between arousal and adrenomedullary activation and migraine. Biofeedback therapy is well established as an antimigraine measure. The effect of biofeedback induced relaxation on plasma catecholamines and monoamine oxidase activity was studied; significant decreases were found in both the biochemical values following relaxation therapy. The antimigraine action of biofeedback is explained based on these findings.
Sinus Headache: A Psychophysiological Study
Authors: Hamilton Johnie G. , Haynes Stephen N. , Gannon Linda , Safranek Roma A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA psychophysiological investigation of sinus headache was performed using low frequency headache controls and high frequency muscle‐contraction headache subjects as comparison groups. Two cardiovascular and two electromyograph (EMG) measures were recorded across rest, stress and post‐stress adaptation periods. The results indicated no significant differences between groups on either the cardiovascular or EMG measures, however, trial effects were found on the blood volume pulse (BVP) measure. In addition, an interaction effect of trial by headache type on the BVP cognitive stressor was found. Finally, suggestions are advanced for future sinus headache research.
Preventive Treatment of Migraine with Enzyme Induction by Proxibarbal in a “Double‐Blind” Trial
Authors: Sulman F.G. , Pfeifer D.V.M., Y. , Superstine E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISProxibarbal is a non‐sedative barbiturate with a specific anti‐serotonin and anti‐histamine effect, due to enzyme induction of serotoninase and histaminase. Its lack of unpleasant side‐effects permits its protracted use for the preventive treatment of migraine. Its chemical structure ‐ 5‐allyl‐5‐(beta‐hydroxy‐propyl)barbituric acid ‐ allows enzyme induction within 1–3 months of treatment. Preventive treatment with 1–3 × 100 mg/day proxibarbal for 3 months eliminated migraine attacks in 25 out of 35 cases (71%). In a double‐blind study of 30 female and 5 male patients, treatment with 3 × 100 mg/day produced a drop of from 5–30 attacks to 0–1 attack per month and normalization of high urinary serotonin, 5‐HIAA or histamine levels. The typical side‐effects of anti‐serotonin drugs and antihistaminics, especially sedation or dizziness and hyperorexia, were not observed. The mechanism of this effect was proved by accelerated and increased destruction of serotonin and histamine in vitro by the serum of the patients after treatment.
Endogenous Opioids in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood in Idiopathic Headache Sufferers
Authors: Anselmi Bruno , Baldi Elisabetta , Casacci Franco , Salmon Silvia 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISEndogenous opioids and 5‐hydroxytryptamine are the main neurotransmitters that regulate nociception, hedonia and autonomia. These functions are simultaneously impaired in idiopathic headaches. Enkephalins, beta‐endorphin, and tryptophan (5‐HT precursor) were evaluated in CSF and plasma of migraine and cluster headache sufferers. The following results were obtained:(a) decreased levels of CSF enkephalins in migraine attack and cluster headache,(b) increased CSF Tryptophan (TP) in migraine,(c) increased free plasma TP in migraine attack,(d) increased serum beta‐endorphin‐like‐immunore‐activity at the end of attack.A possible link between these findings and the impairment of nociception, hedonia and vegetative balance in headache sufferers is here discussed.
Ophthalmoplegic Migraine: Ischemic or Compressive Neuropathy?
Authors: Vijayan N. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIt is currently believed that the ophthalmoplegia in ophthalmoplegic migraine (O.M.) is due to compression of the cranial nerves by dilated and swollen carotid or basilar arteries. One of our patients seen recently did not fit the pattern of a compressive neuropathy because the pupil was spared during three episodes of O.M. A review of the literature revealed that contrary to common belief, the pupils are involved completely in only 33% of patients with O.M. Analysis of the clinical features and the relevant anatomy of the vascular supply of the third cranial nerve suggest that the ophthalmoplegia is due to a delayed ischemic neuropathy leading to border zone infarction of the nerve rather than direct compression due to an enlarged vessel.
Hemicranial Disorder of Vasomotor Adrenoceptors in Migraine and Cluster Headache
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Meyer John Stirling 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRegional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and cerebral vasomotor responses to 5% CO2 inhalation were measured before and after pharmacologic μ‐ or β‐adrenoceptor manipulation in Migraine (M) and Cluster headaches (C). Responses of 77 vascular headache patients (M =66 and C = 11) were compared to those of 15 Muscle contraction headache (MCH) and 64 normal volunteers. Oral drugs were: Peripheral μ‐adrenoceptor stimulator:isometheptene (Midrin(r)), peripheral μ‐blocker:dihydroergotoxin (Hydergine(r)), centrally acting μ‐blocker:clonidine (Catapres(r)), peripheral β‐blocker:propranolol (Inderal(r)), peripheral β‐stimulator:isoproterenol (Isuprel(r)). Peripheral μ stimulation markedly reduced rCBF during headache but effect lessened after headache subsided in M and C. Peripheral μ‐blockade and β‐stimulation increased CBF in M and C. Peripheral β‐blockade markedly decreased CBF during headache in M but caused only small CBF reductions when headache‐free. Peripheral adrenoceptor effects on rCBF in M and C were greatest on most recent headache side. Central effects of clonidine were opposite (greatest on non‐headache side). Excessive CO2 responses were greatest on side of headache. After peripheral μ‐stimulation, peripheral μ‐blockade, peripheral β‐stimulation or blockade, CO2 responses were restored toward normal but not after central μ‐blockade. In MCH. contrary to M and C, μ‐stimulation had no effect on CBF or CO2 responses. There appears to be an asymmetrical adrenoceptor disorder in M and C possibly due to sympathetic denervation‐hypersensitivity.
Interval Therapy of Migraine: Long‐term Results
Authors: Raskin Neil Hugh , Schwartz Robert K. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISRecrudescence of migraine headaches some time after the initiation of drug prophylaxis and the responsiveness of many patients to one or more vasoactive agents but not others are factors that have not hitherto been incorporated into a systematic appraisal of the putative long‐term benefits of migraine therapy. In this study, followup information was obtained upon 146 treated migraineurs who were initially evaluated within the last 9 years and were drawn randomly from coded files; the major component of their treatment was the sequential use of the following drugs: propranolol, amitriptyline, ergonovine, methysergide, ergotamine, phenelzine, papaverine and cyproheptadine. Data was also collected upon 85 age‐matched patients who chose a variety of treatment modes other than drugs in an attempt to lessen headache problems that were comparable to the drug‐treated group. The mean followup period for both groups was 35 months. Of the drug‐treated patients, 55% evidenced substantial improvement of at least one year‘s duration compared to 26% of the control group (p<.01); improvement of at least 2 years’ duration was apparent among 31% of the drug‐treated patients whereas 12% of the controls did as well (p<.01). Prophylactic migraine therapy proffers substantial long‐term benefits to some patients.
Barometric Pressure and Other Factors in Migraine
Authors: Cull R.E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISForty‐four adult patients suffering from either classical or common migraine recorded the dates of their attacks over periods of six months. Barometric pressure on the day of attacks, changes in pressure before attacks, days of the week and months of the year were correlated to the frequency of migraine attacks. The frequency of migraine attacks was significantly less when barometric pressure at 06.00 hrs was less than 1005 mb compared with pressures between 1016–1025 mb. A rise in barometric pressures of more than 15 mb over the preceding 24 hours was also associated with a significantly reduced migraine frequency. Attacks of migraine were more common on Fridays and Saturdays and during Autumn.
Vestibular Function in Migraine
Authors: Kuritzky Arieh , Toglia U.J. , Thomas D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to evaluate vestibular function in migraine, electronystagmography (ENG) was used. Twenty migrainous patients in the headache free phase and free of drugs for at least one week prior to study, were studied. The ENG examination included spontaneous eye movements, bithermal caloric tests and rotatory tests.The results showed vestibular abnormalities in sixteen patients (80%). Spontaneous nystagmus was found in nine patients (45%). Sixteen patients (80%) had adnormal caloric tests and fifteen (75%) had adnormal rotatory tests.These findings suggest impairment in vestibular function in a large proportion of migrainous patients. The significance and a possible mechanism are discussed.
Lithium for Cluster Headache: Review of the Literature and Preliminary Results of Long‐term Treatment
Authors: Ekbom Karl 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISNineteen male patients aged 26 to 67 years have been treated with lithium sulphate in the form of slow release tablets (Lithionit(r) Durules(r)) to prevent attacks of cluster headache. Treatment was given to a serum concentration between 0.7 and 1.2 mmolI. Eight of the patients had chronic symptoms and in all of them the treatment resulted in immediate partial remission of their headaches. The average headache index improved within 2 weeks by 85.3 per cent (75–100%). Three patients were treated for between 18 and 36 months. In one of them the treatment was still effective after 2 years, while the other two appeared in due course to become tolerant to the effects of the drug. Both of them, however, had long periods of remission after interruption of treatment, which may indicate that lithium alters the natural course of the disease in chronic cases.In 7 patients with periodic symptoms lithium had only a slight or no effect on the headaches. In four other cases lithium was given for, on average, 19.7 months (6‐31), principally owing to psychiatric symptoms. This long‐term prophylactic treatment resulted in an almost complete suppression of cluster periods. Two of these patients tried to discontinue the drug after one year. This produced extremely severe rebound headaches after 3 weeks.It is concluded that lithium is efficacious in chronic cluster headache. Lithium has only slight effects in acute periods of cluster headache but may prevent them in some patients when the drug is given in a free interval between two periods. In view of its potential serious side‐effects, lithium should be given with caution to strictly selected patients.The mechanisms of actions of lithium are discussed.
Exacerbation of Migraine by Treatment With Lithium
Authors: Peatfield R.C. , Clifford Rose F. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe administration of lithium carbonate (Priadel) to five patients with classical or common migraine caused the attacks in all of them to become much more frequent and severe. This outcome contrasts with the drug's established role in cluster headache, and suggests that the Pathogeneses of these two types of pain may be different.
Indomethacin Responsive Headache Syndromes
Authors: Mathew Ninan T. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThree headache syndromes which respond clinically to Indomethacin therapy are described. These include l) Indomethacin responsive cluster headache (chronic paroxysmal hemicrania). Four patients who were unresponsive to Sansert, Prednisone and Lithium responded significantly to Indomethacin and not to placebo. Distinguishing features were (a) numerous attacks a day, (b) headaches are sudden in onset, severe and last on an average of 15–20 minutes, (c) long history of headaches without remission. 2) Sharp, short lived head pain syndrome (SSHP). Synonyms are ice pick like headache, “jabs and jolts”, and “needle in the eye syndrome”. Five cases are described. These head pains are variable in location, sudden, sharp and last only for seconds to a few minutes. They are common in a migraine population, but may occur as a primary manifestation in some, especially those above the age of 60. Etiology is uncertain. Response to Indomethacin is dramatic. 3) Exertional headache. Two cases of benign cough headache resistant to many other antimigraine agents responded to Indomethacin in a double blind cross over evaluation.Headache syndromes which respond to Indomethacin, as a general rule, are of sudden onset, with severe short lived head pains. Specific action of Indomethacin in this syndrome is not clear. The possible role of prostaglandins and prostacyclins in the production of head pains and the effect of Indomethacin on the prostaglandin system is discussed.
An Inquiry into the Genesis of Migraine Headache
Authors: Botney Mitchell 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISHeadache is one symptom of migraine; nausea and vomiting, abdominal distress, vertigo and fever are others. Perceptual alterations are also associated with migraine: photophobia, phonophobia, heightened sensitivity to olfactory stimuli and increased general irritability are often noted. Headache, however, is most debilitating.A hypothesis is proposed describing one mechanism whereby genesis of migraine headache may occur. This mechanism is consistent with clinical and experimental observations taken from human and animal studies. Briefly, various agents or activities induce vasoconstriction of the cranial arteries in susceptible populations. Oxygenation of the brain is decreased with consequent decrease in the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter implicated in pain perception. Stimuli not normally painful, such as vasodilatation, thus become painful.
Self‐help Treatment for Migraine Headaches: A Controlled Outcome Study
Authors: Kohlenberg Robert J. , Cahn Timothy 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA self‐help approach for the control of migraine headaches was evaluated. Self‐help refers to a self‐directed effort, without therapist contact aimed at reducing the symptoms of migraine. The experimental plan involved giving migraine headache patients one of two experimental books and then evaluating the effect.Subjects were recruited through newspaper announcements and were required to have had at least two vascular headaches per month. During the first six weeks of the study, the baseline period, all subjects recorded headache frequency, intensity and duration. Subjects were then matched for headache frequency and then randomly assigned to receive either the treatment or control book.The treatment book contained instructions for thermal biofeedback, relaxation and cognitive behavior therapy. A liquid crystal device for measuring fingertip temperature was also included. Instructions in the treatment book were written such that a self‐help, no‐therapist treatment could be followed by the subject. The control book was a popularly available paperback in which a series of case studies on headache treatment and diagnosis were discussed. It was selected because it was easy to read and contained information about headaches but did not necessarily direct the reader to start a self‐help program.Data was obtained for 51 subjects who completed a three‐ and six‐month followup data collection period (treatment N = 22, control N = 29). There was a 62% decrease in headache frequency at six months for subjects who received the treatment book and a 14% drop for those who received the control book. Corresponding findings were also obtained for duration and pain levels of the headache as well as for prescribed medication use. Although the results indicated that this type of self‐help treatment could be effective for many migraine patients, limitations and cautions in interpretation of these results were discussed.
An Epidemiological Study of Headache in a Hospital Staff
Authors: Manzoni G.C. , Campari M. , Terzano M.G. , Moretti G. , Fanti E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAn epidemiological study of headache has been carried‐out in a hospital staff with the purpose: (a) to check out the prevalence of headache (migraine and muscle‐contraction headache in particular) in an occupational group representative of the working population at large; (b) to verify the existence of clinical aspects generally held peculiar to migraine in different types of headache; (c) to evaluate comparatively the reliability of self‐administered questionnaire and direct clinical interview in order to quantify epidemiologically the various headaches sub‐types.Initially a simple questionnaire was administered to 1331 employees of Parma Regional Hospital; subsequently sufferers from headache were individually submitted to a complete clinical and laboratory examination.On the basis of the questionnaire, 361 subjects (27.12%) resulted to suffer frequently from headache attacks. The subsequent individual examination indicated that 37.1% suffered from common migraine, 27.3% from muscle tension headache, 7.6% from mixed headache, 3.8% from classic migraine, 3% from post‐traumatic headache.The findings which were obtained by self‐administered questionnaire and by individual direct examination are comparatively discussed.
Angiotensin and Aldosterone Elevation in Salt‐induced Migraine
Authors: Brainard John B. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThis study was designed to document the clinical observation that oral salt load triggers migraine, and to evaluate angiotensin and aldosterone changes during the headache response.One gram capsules of sodium chloride or identical gelatin placebos given by mouth to 25 migraine patients and 24 non‐migrainous controls resulted in statistically significant elevation of plasma angiotensin levels in those receiving salt compared to those receiving gelatin. Fourteen out of fifteen migraine patients who received salt developed typical migraine headache. Headache occurred in one out of ten migraineurs ingesting gelatin capsules. This difference in induced headache was also statistically significant.
Cross‐validation of the Kudrow‐Sutkus MMPI Classification System for Diagnosing Headache Type
Authors: Andrasik Frank , Blanchard Edward B. , Arena John G. , Teders Steven J. , Rodichok Lawrence D. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISIn order to determine the generality of the Kudrow‐Sutkus (1979) MMPI classification system for diagnosing headache type, a cross‐validation analysis was performed on 99 headache subjects. Results indicated a high level of support for Kudrow‐Sutkus' Group A (migraine and cluster) classification criteria (65.4% and 75.0% correct assignments for female and male subjects, respectively) but a low level of support for Kudrow‐Sutkus' Group B (combined and chronic scalp muscle tension) classification criteria (5.9% and 25.2% correct assignments for female and male subjects, respectively). Possible reasons accounting for these differences are discussed.
Neuroendocrine Data in Chronic Post‐traumatic Headache
Authors: Savoldi F. , Murialdo G. , Bono G. , Testa E. , Martignoni E. , Polleri A. , Nappi G. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISTwenty chronic post‐traumatic headache subjects (16 men and 4 women) were considered, together with age and sex matched normal controls. Pituitary function was challenged by means of luteinising hormone releasing hormone (100 mg,iv), thyrotropin (TSH) releasing hormone (200 mg,iv) and regular insulin (.1 U/kg,iv). The responses of gonadotropins, TSH, somatotropin (STH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in the group as a whole and in clinical subgroups. No differences were found in the baseline levels of the hormones. No significant changes were observed in the responses of gonadotropins and STH. A decreased response was found for TSH and, in the female series, an enhanced response of PRL was observed. Patients complaining for a decreased libido showed a larger PRL response. The smaller response of TSH exhibits a straight inverse relationship to the clinical severity. The periodicity of PRL secretion studied in male patients with a harmonic analysis according to the Fourier's theorem showed the preservation of the physiological sleep‐entrained night surge. The per cent incidence of the harmonics with a period shorter than 24 hours decreases according to the clinical severity, at variance to the finding in normal controls. The only persisting harmonic is the one with a 24 hour period. In the absence of major post‐traumatic endocrine syndromes, post‐traumatic headache subjects show changes of the neuroendocrine regulation of pituitary secretion. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis of an hyperactivity of serotoninergic neurotransmission.