bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary evaluation of Mediterranean fish and molluscs pan‐fried in virgin olive oil
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Nick , Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K , Hassapidou Maria 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe effect of domestic pan‐frying in virgin olive oil (VOO) on the proximate composition, energy content, cholesterol, squalene and fatty acids in the edible portion of six species of finfish, common squid and mussels just caught from several regions of the Aegean Sea (Mediterranean Sea) was investigated. The species selected are traditionally consumed pan‐fried in VOO by the Greeks. On a fresh weight basis, pan‐frying caused significant water loss and increase of total fat, crude protein and energy content. The amount of VOO absorbed during frying ranged from 4.5 to 14.2% of fresh matter, showing a non‐linear negative correlation with initial fat, fish length and fish weight. Cholesterol content increased from 25 to 106 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight (fw) to 33–130 mg 100 g−1 fw after frying. VOO absorbed during frying resulted in a 20–78 times increase of squalene content and in significant alteration of fatty acid composition, the major change being the increase of monounsaturated fatty acids which became predominant in all fried samples. The intakes of fat and major fatty acid classes by consuming the pan‐fried seafood were comparable with the respective average Greek values. Frying in VOO resulted in a two to three times decrease of the atherogenic index and a slightly less decrease of the thrombogenic index. Both indices remained lower than 0.45 in all fried samples. The cholesterol‐saturated fat index and the cholesterol index increased up to twice after frying, ranging between 3.4–9.9 and 2.9–9.3, respectively. From the results obtained it is concluded that fish and shellfish pan‐fried in VOO present a healthy lipid profile in terms of the n‐6/n‐3 ratio, major fatty acid classes and total fat content. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys by their physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Terrab Anass , Heredia Francisco J 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe quality of 12 avocado (Persea americana Mill) honeys from Spain was evaluated. Eight common physicochemical parameters were analysed, namely water content, pH, acidity (free, lactonic and total), sugar content, ash content and electrical conductivity. In addition, the honey samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), and six minerals were quantified for each honey, namely potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). Most samples showed proper maturity considering the medium water content (mean 17.7%). The total acidity (below 50 meq kg−1 except for one sample) indicated absence of undesirable fermentation; also, the mean pH of around 4.77 is usual in this kind of honey. The values for ash content and electrical conductivity were high (0.77% and 798 µS cm−1 respectively) and typical of dark honeys. K was the predominant mineral (accounting for 73% of the total minerals quantified), followed by Na (10%). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of the mechanism of enantioseparation Part VI: Thermodynamic study of HPLC separation of some enantiomers of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives on a (S,S) Whelk‐O 1 column
Authors: Dungelová Jana , Lehotay Jozef , Krupčík Jan , Cižmárik Jozef , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe enantiomers of thirteen 2‐, 3‐, and 4‐alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid 2‐methoxy‐1‐[(4‐methylpiperazino)methyl]ethyl ester were separated on a (S,S) Whelk‐O 1 CSP column isothermally in the range of 0–50°C at 10°C increments, using methanol/water (90/10, v/v) containing 17.5 mmol L–1 acetic acid and 14.36 mmol L–1 triethylamine as a mobile phase. The dependence of the natural logarithms of retention and selectivity factors (ln k, ln α, respectively) on the inverse of temperature, 1/T, was used to determine thermodynamic data of enantiomers of alkoxysubstituted phenylcarbamic acid 2‐methoxy‐1‐[(4‐methylpiperazino) methyl]ethyl esters. Enthalpy‐entropy compensation plots showed that all of the compounds in this study separate via the same enthalpy‐driven chiral recognition mechanism.
Multi‐criteria decision making in micellar liquid chromatographic separation of chlorophenols
Authors: Hadjmohammadi Mohammad Reza , Safa Fariba 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSimultaneous optimization of separation quality and analysis time of the micellar liquid chromatography of nine chlorophenol isomers was investigated. The effect on retention of three experimental parameters was studied using multivariate analysis. The factors studied were the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate, propanol content, and pH of the mobile phase. The experiments were performed according to the face‐centered cube central composite design and the inverse form of the experimental retention times of analytes was fitted to polynomial models. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the models obtained explain over 99% of the variance observed in the chromatograms. The good predictive ability of the models was verified by high correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.99) and F ratio values for the plots of predicted cross‐validated versus experimental retention times. The study showed that the use of the Pareto‐Optimality method, an approach from multi‐criteria decision making, allows selection of the best possible combinations of separation quality and analysis time in micellar liquid chromatography of chlorophenols.
Resolution of triacylglycerol positional isomers by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Momchilova Svetlana , Tsuji Koichiro , Itabashi Yutaka , Nikolova‐Damyanova Boryana , Kuksis Arnis 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe ability of reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) to separate some positionally isomeric disaturated and monounsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) as intact species is demonstrated for the first time. Mobile phases of acetonitrile modified with methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, 1‐propanol, 1‐butanol, acetone, or dichloromethane were tested for the separation of POP‐PPO, PLP‐PPL, PEP‐PPE, and PDP‐PPD (P – palmitic, O – oleic, L – linoleic, E – eicosapentaenoic, D – docosahexaenoic acid residue) on a single RP‐HPLC column. The resolution improved with increasing number of double bonds in the acyl residues. While POP and PPO were only partially resolved, PDP and PPD were fully separated with all tested mobile phases, except those containing methanol. Also separated were the four TAGs having the same equivalent carbon number (ECN = 42), PEP, PPE, PDP, and PPD, on a single RP‐HPLC column with mobile phase acetonitrile–2‐propanol (70:30, v/v) at 0.8 mL/min. In all cases the isomer with the unsaturated acyl residue in either 1‐ or 3‐position was retained more strongly than the respective 2‐isomer.
Pesticide analysis by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hernández‐Borges J. , Frías‐García S. , Cifuentes A. , Rodríguez‐Delgado M.A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this work, a critical and updated revision of the current situation of the analysis of pesticides by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) is presented. The review has been written in two main sections. The first one presents a thorough revision of the various off‐line and on‐line sample preconcentration procedures that have been used in conjunction with CE to analyze these compounds. The second part reviews the various detection strategies (i. e., UV, LIF, MS, and electrochemical) and CE modes that have been applied to the analysis of pesticides. Future trends that can be expected from this hot research area are also discussed.
Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of iron(II) ion by chlorine dioxide in aqueous solution
Authors: Moore Evan R. , Bourne Andrew E. , Hoppe Todd J. , Abode Philip J. , Boone Steven R. , Purser Gordon H. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe mechanism by which an excess of iron(II) ion reacts with aqueous chlorine dioxide to produce iron(III) ion and chloride ion has been determined. The reaction proceeds via the formation of chlorite ion, which in turn reacts with additional iron(II) to produce the observed products. The first step of the process, the reduction of chlorine dioxide to chlorite ion, is fast compared to the subsequent reduction of chlorite by iron(II). The overall stoichiometry is

equation image

The rate is independent of pH over the range from 3.5 to 7.5, but the reaction is assisted by the presence of acetate ion. Thus the rate law is given by

equation image

At an ionic strength of 2.0 M and at 25°C, ku = (3.9 ± 0.1) × 103 L mol−1 s−1 and kc = (6 ± 1) × 104 L mol−1 s−1. The formation constant for the acetatoiron(II) complex, Kf, at an ionic strength of 2.0 M and 25°C was found to be (4.8 ± 0.8) × 10−2 L mol−1. The activation parameters for the reaction were determined and compared to those for iron(II) ion reacting directly with chlorite ion. At 0.1 M ionic strength, the activation parameters for the two reactions were found to be identical within experimental error. The values of ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ are 64 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and + 40 ± 10 J K−1 mol−1 respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 554–565, 2004
An updated comprehensive kinetic model of hydrogen combustion
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Zhenwei , Kazakov Andrei , Dryer Frederick L. 
Published: August 2004

AbstractA comprehensively tested H2/O2 chemical kinetic mechanism based on the work of Mueller et al. 1 and recently published kinetic and thermodynamic information is presented. The revised mechanism is validated against a wide range of experimental conditions, including those found in shock tubes, flow reactors, and laminar premixed flame. Excellent agreement of the model predictions with the experimental observations demonstrates that the mechanism is comprehensive and has good predictive capabilities for different experimental systems, including new results published subsequent to the work of Mueller et al. 1, particularly high‐pressure laminar flame speed and shock tube ignition results. The reaction H + OH + M is found to be primarily significant only to laminar flame speed propagation predictions at high pressure. All experimental hydrogen flame speed observations can be adequately fit using any of the several transport coefficient estimates presently available in the literature for the hydrogen/oxygen system simply by adjusting the rate parameters for this reaction within their present uncertainties. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 566–575, 2004
Null‐solutions for partial differential operators with several Fuchsian variables
Authors: Belarbi Malika , Mandai Takeshi , Mechab Mustapha 
Published: August 2004

AbstractK. Igari has constructed a distribution null‐solution for Fuchsian partial differential operators in the sense of Baouendi‐Goulaouic, that is, operators with one Fuchsian variable. Our aim is to extend his result for operators having several Fuchsian variables with analytic coefficients defined by N. S. Madi. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On convolutions of Siegel modular forms
Authors: Imamoğlu Özlem , Martin Yves 
Published: August 2004

AbstractIn this article we study a Rankin‐Selberg convolution of n complex variables for pairs of degree n Siegel cusp forms. We establish its analytic continuation to ℂn, determine its functional equations and find its singular curves. Also, we introduce and get similar results for a convolution of degree n Jacobi cusp forms.Furthermore, we show how the relation of a Siegel cusp form and its Fourier‐Jacobi coefficients is reflected in a particular relation connecting the two convolutions studied in this paper. As a consequence, the Dirichlet series introduced by Kalinin [7] and Yamazaki [19] are obtained as particular cases. As another application we generalize to any degree the estimate on the size of Fourier coefficients given in [14]. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real interpolations for Besov and Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces on spaces of homogeneous type
Authors: Yang Dachun 
Published: August 2004

AbstractThe author establishes a full real interpolation theorem for inhomogeneous Besov and Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces on spaces of homogeneous type. The corresponding theorem for homogeneous Besov and Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces is also presented. Moreover, as an application, the author gives the reduced T1 theorem for homogeneous Besov spaces on spaces of homogeneous type. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aftereffects of mechanical vibration and muscle contraction on limb position‐sense
Authors: Ishihara Yohei , Izumizaki Masahiko , Atsumi Takashi , Homma Ikuo 
Published: August 2004

AbstractMechanical vibration (MV) of a muscle causes position‐sense errors during and after application. Isometric muscle contraction at a shorter (hold‐short conditioning) or longer (hold‐long conditioning) length causes limb position‐sense errors after the muscle returns to its intermediate length by means of intrafusal muscle thixotropy. However, it is unclear whether MV enhances these thixotropic position‐sense errors. We studied the after‐effects of MV on position‐sense errors induced by hold‐short and hold‐long conditioning in the biceps of 12 healthy men. After hold‐short conditioning, subjects perceived that the conditioned forearm was placed in a more extended position than occurred in reality; after hold‐long conditioning, a more flexed position was perceived. Use of MV with hold‐short or hold‐long conditioning enhanced both errors, which were most obvious at 100 HZ. These results suggest that MV and muscle conditioning work together efficiently to develop intrafusal muscle thixotropy. MV combined with hold‐long conditioning may alleviate thixotropically increased muscle stiffness, such as in spastic hypertonia. Muscle Nerve 30: 486–492, 2004
Treatment patterns and health care costs of mebeverine‐treated IBS patients: a case‐control study
Authors: Goettsch Wim G. , van den Boom Guido , Breekveldt‐Postma Nancy S. , Smout André J. P. M. , Herings Ron M. C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder affecting the quality of life of patients. In the Netherlands, mebeverine is currently the only medical treatment registered for IBS, although its efficacy is considered disputable.ObjectiveTo assess treatment patterns and associated health care cost in mebeverine users relative to matched controls.MethodsA matched case‐control study was performed using pharmacy data. Cases were mebeverine users as proxy for IBS patients. Controls were non‐mebeverine users and matched to cases by age, gender and pharmacy. Prevalence and incidence of mebeverine use, concomitant drug use and hospitalizations were assessed in 3431 cases and 3431 controls. Concomitant drug use and hospitalizations was also assessed in a subgroup of 1222 users of mebeverine and laxatives (proxy for constipation‐IBS) and their controls.ResultsTwelve per 1000 residents were ever‐dispensed mebeverine in 1998. One‐third of these mebeverine users used laxatives concomitantly. Concomitant drug use and hospitalizations were increased in mebeverine users. The odds ratio for hospitalizations for gastrointestinal reasons was increased predominantly in mebeverine users with concomitant laxative use (OR:8.7; 95%CI [4.3–17.3]). Excess yearly costs for all concomitant medications were €94 [95%CI €79–€109] and for hospital admissions €120 [€74–€166] per mebeverine user. In mebeverine users with concomitant laxative use these costs were €136 and €251 respectively.ConclusionsIn treated IBS patients, concomitant drug use and hospitalizations are increased relative to matched controls. Medical resource use and associated health care costs are particularly increased in mebeverine users using laxatives. The total mean excess cost per patient per year is €482. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The conditional probabilities approach to the copolymerization process of two or more monomer species
Authors: Dayantis Jean 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis article completes previous work which addressed the propagation step of a copolymerization process using the conditional probabilities approach. In the present article the theory is extended to arbitrary values ν and n of a copolymerization process, in which ν is the number of monomers in the feed and n the number of monomers along the growing chain which influence the conditional probability for adding one further monomer of a defined monomer species. First, a system of linear equations to be solved as functions of the conditional probabilities is given, followed by the description—in general terms—of the procedures to be followed to estimate the mean composition of the multimonomer chains, the mean‐length of the sequences of the various monomers along the chain, and the mean‐number of transitions from sequences of one species to sequences of other species. These general considerations are then applied to the specific case of terpolymerization in the terminal model, that is ν = 3 and n = 1, for which case detailed relationships are given. In a following section the parameters of the conditional probabilities approach are related to the more usual parameters of copolymerization theory, ie kinetic constants, concentration of active centres and concentration of monomers in the feed. The heat of copolymerization problem, addressed in the previous article, is not considered here. General considerations are discussed with respect to other work in the field. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Shunt types in crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Breitenstein O. , Rakotoniaina J. P. , Al Rifai M. H. , Werner M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNine different types of shunt have been found in state‐of‐the‐art mono‐ and multicrystalline solar cells by lock‐in thermography and identified by SEM investigation (including EBIC), TEM and EDX. These shunts differ by the type of theirI–Vcharacteristics (linear or nonlinear) and by their physical origin. Six shunt types are process‐induced, and three are caused by grown‐in defects of the material. The most important process‐induced shunts are residues of the emitter at the edge of the cells, cracks, recombination sites at the cell edge, Schottky‐type shunts below grid lines, scratches, and aluminum particles at the surface. The material‐induced shunts are strong recombination sites at grown‐in defects (e.g., metal‐decorated small‐angle grain boundaries), grown‐in macroscopic Si3N4inclusions, and inversion layers caused by microscopic SiC precipitates on grain boundaries crossing the wafer. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of the interaction site on the surface of an isolated protein structure by analysis of side chain energy scores
Authors: Liang Shide , Zhang Jian , Zhang Shicui , Guo Huarong 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe show that residues at the interfaces of protein–protein complexes have higher side‐chain energy than other surface residues. Eight different sets of protein complexes were analyzed. For each protein pair, the complex structure was used to identify the interface residues in the unbound monomer structures. Side‐chain energy was calculated for each surface residue in the unbound monomer using our previously developed scoring function.1 The mean energy was calculated for the interface residues and the other surface residues. In 15 of the 16 monomers, the mean energy of the interface residues was higher than that of other surface residues. By decomposing the scoring function, we found that the energy term of the buried surface area of non‐hydrogen‐bonded hydrophilic atoms is the most important factor contributing to the high energy of the interface regions. In spite of lacking hydrophilic residues, the interface regions were found to be rich in buried non‐hydrogen‐bonded hydrophilic atoms. Although the calculation results could be affected by the inaccuracy of the scoring function, patch analysis of side‐chain energy on the surface of an isolated protein may be helpful in identifying the possible protein–protein interface. A patch was defined as 20 residues surrounding the central residue on the protein surface, and patch energy was calculated as the mean value of the side‐chain energy of all residues in the patch. In 12 of the studied monomers, the patch with the highest energy overlaps with the observed interface. The results are more remarkable when only three residues with the highest energy in a patch are averaged to derive the patch energy. All three highest‐energy residues of the top energy patch belong to interfacial residues in four of the eight small protomers. We also found that the residue with the highest energy score on the surface of a small protomer is very possibly the key interaction residue. Proteins 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shear strengthening of RC beams with FRP composites
Authors: Teng J G , Lam L , Chen J F 
Published: July 2004

AbstractShear strengthening is required when an RC beam is found deficient in shear, or when its shear capacity falls below its flexural capacity after flexural strengthening. A recent technique for the shear strengthening of RC beams is to provide additional FRP web reinforcement, commonly in the form of bonded external FRP strips/sheets. Over the last few years, a large amount of research has been conducted on this new strengthening technique, which has established its effectiveness and has led to a good understanding of the behaviuor and strength of such shear‐strengthened beams. This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of existing research on this topic. The methods of strengthening are described first, followed by a summary of experimental observations of failure processes and modes. The accuracy of existing design provisions is examined next through comparisons with test results. Limitations of existing experimental and theoretical studies are also highlighted. While the paper is mainly concerned with externally bonded FRP for shear strengthening, the emergence of alternative FRP shear strengthening techniques, including near‐surface‐mounted FRP and prestressed CFRP straps, is also noted.
Ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of intact hemoglobin complex from whole human blood
Authors: Zehl Martin , Allmaier Günter 
Published: July 2004

AbstractUltraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UV‐MALDI‐TOFMS) was applied to the analysis of intact human hemoglobin complex directly from whole human blood. The less acidic matrix substance 2,6‐dihydroxyacetophenone provided sufficient insensitivity to the impurities present in this crude biological matrix to make any sample pretreatment except dilution dispensable. This matrix facilitated exact molecular mass determination of the non‐assembled hemoglobin α‐ and β‐chain (SD ≤ ±0.28 Da and Δm ≤6.4 ppm for n = 10) if trifluoroacetic acid was used as an additive. Replacement of the denaturing additive trifluoroacetic acid by the neutral salt ammonium acetate allowed the detection of the intact hemoglobin α2β2Hn‐assembly (n = 0–4) and the αβ‐subassembly. A prerequisite for the detection of the noncovalent complex was the application of a very soft sample preparation procedure. Crystal morphology, sample concentration and laser pulse energy were also found to be important parameters for the analysis of the intact protein complexes. However, comparison with published electrospray ionization (ESI)‐MS results on mammalian hemoglobin molecules shows that, even under the applied gentle conditions, MALDI does not provide a completely reliable picture of the solution‐phase equilibrium. In contrast to ESI, especially extensive loss of the heme b (H) groups was noticed. The disruption of the rather stable heme b–globin interaction is assumed to be induced by photo‐excitation during the desorption/ionization process. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.