bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Wilms tumor according to SIOP 9 protocol in Casablanca, Morocco
Authors: Madani Abdellah , Zafad Saadia , Harif M'hamed , Yaakoubi Mohammed , Zamiati Soumaya , Sahraoui Souha , Benjelloun Amal , Fehri Mohammed , Benchekroun Said 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundChildhood Wilms tumor represents one of the challenge for pediatric oncologists in developing countries. We report the characteristics and treatment results of patients with Wilms tumor according to SIOP 9 protocol in Morocco.ProcedureFrom January 1989 to December 2000, 86 children with Wilms tumor were admitted. The diagnosis was based on physical exam and abdominal ultrasound. The metastatic work‐up was based on abdominal ultrasound and chest X‐ray.ResultsThe mean age was 36 months (3–120 months). The sex‐ratio was 1. Abdominal mass was the main symptom at presentation (84 cases). There were 13 metastatic cases. Treatment applied was according to SIOP 9 Protocol without randomization. Local deases was present in 75 patients with stage I in 38 cases (50%), IIN0 in 4 cases (6%), IIN1 in 9 cases, and III in 24 cases (44%). The distribution of pathologic groups was: favorable in 4 cases, standard in 69 cases, and unfavorable anaplastic type in 2 cases. Sixty‐nine patients were evaluable for therapeutic evaluation. Other patients were lost to follow‐up. Three patients died of treatment related toxicity and 13 patients relapsed. With a median follow‐up of 70 months, the 5‐year EFS and 5 years overall survival for evaluable patients are 77.4% and 79%, respectively while the 5‐year EFS for all patients was 56%.ConclusionThese results are encouraging for a developing country but special efforts should be done to reduce the rate of abandonment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006, 46:472–475. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity in pediatric oncology
Authors: Rogers Paul C. , Meacham Lillian R. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Henry David W. , Lange Beverly J. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractToday's obesity pandemic began in the United States, spread to Western Europe and other developed regions, and is emerging in developing countries. Its influences on outcomes of childhood cancer are unknown. A recent Children's Oncology Group symposium considered epidemiology of obesity, pharmacology of chemotherapy and outcomes in obese adults with cancer, excess mortality in obese pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and complications in obese survivors. The salient points are summarized herein. Body mass index (BMI) is the accepted index of weight for height and age. In the US, obesity prevalence (BMI > 95th centile) is increasing in all pediatric age groups and accelerating fastest among black and Hispanic adolescents. Pharmacologic investigations are few and limited: half‐life, volume of distribution, and clearance in obese patients vary between drugs. Obese adults with solid tumors generally experience less toxicity, suggesting underdosing. For patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation, obese adults generally experience greater toxicity. In pediatric acute myeloblastic leukemia, obese patients have greater treatment‐related mortality (TRM), similar toxicity and relapse rates, and inferior survival compared with patients who are not obese. An excess of female survivors of childhood leukemia who received cranial irradiation are obese. Ongoing treatment effects of childhood cancer may predispose to a sedentary lifestyle. These findings call for measures to prevent obesity, retrospective and prospective studies of chemotherapy pharmacology of analyzed according to BMI and outcomes, additional studies of the obesity impact on outcomes in pediatric cancer, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle among survivors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteopenia, physical activity and health‐related quality of life in survivors of brain tumors treated in childhood
Authors: Odame Isaac , Duckworth JoAnn , Talsma Danielle , Beaumont Lesley , Furlong William , Webber Colin , Barr Ronald 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBackgroundOsteopenia has been reported in children surviving acute lymphoblastic leukemia and brain tumors, apparently as a consequence of therapy. It has been suggested that cranial irradiation may play a role in the development of this complication. In order to explore that possibility, we examined survivors of brain tumors treated with and without radiation in childhood to investigate associations between radiation, osteopenia, physical activity, health status and overall health‐related quality of life (HRQL).ProcedureSubjects were survivors of posterior fossa tumors (astrocytoma or medulloblastoma) or optic glioma, < 18 years of age at diagnosis and > 1 year off treatment. Measurements of growth velocity, body composition, bone densitometry, physical activity and HRQL were undertaken.ResultsTwenty‐five (62.5%) of the 40 eligible patients participated in the study. Of the 25 patients, 12 (48%) received radiation therapy (R group) while 13 received no radiation (NR group). Growth hormone (GH) deficiency had been detected in three subjects, one had completed GH therapy while two were still on hormone replacement. The prevalence of osteopenia was 44% in the entire group, and 67% versus 27% in the R and NR groups. Florid osteoporosis was present in 20% of the entire group, more than 40% of the R group but none of the NR group. A significant correlation (P < 0.01) was observed between overall HRQL and Z scores of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine. Pain and ambulation/mobility utility scores correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with BMD, while levels of physical activity correlated (P < 0.05) with overall HRQL utility scores.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that in survivors of brain tumors treated in childhood, radiation therapy is associated with significant loss of bone mineral. Among these survivors, HRQL is less, pain is more severe and ambulation is more restricted in those with low BMD scores. The reduction in HRQL is reflected in diminished physical activity. A larger multi‐center study is needed to confirm these results. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, thermal characterization, and tensile properties of alipharomatic polyesters derived from 1,3‐propanediol and terephthalic, isophthalic, and 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid
Authors: Roupakias C. P. , Bikiaris D. N. , Karayannidis G. P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractIn this work, three alipharomatic polyesters—poly(propylene terephthalate) (PPT), poly(propylene isophthalate) (PPI), and poly(propylene naphthalate) (PPN)—were prepared and studied with the aliphatic diol 1,3‐propanediol and the corresponding aromatic diacids. Their synthesis was performed by the two‐stage melt polycondensation method in a glass batch reactor. The thermal characterization of these polyesters was carried out with different thermal techniques such as simultaneous thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis. From the recorded values for the glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature with all the aforementioned techniques, it could be said that they were in good agreement. According to the thermogravimetric results, PPT and PPI showed about the same thermal stability, whereas PPN seemed to be somewhere more thermostable. Remarkably, a transition existed immediately after Tg that was realized by the first derivative of TMA, and it was characterized as a midrange transition. For all polyesters, the average coefficient of linear thermal expansion was calculated with TMA. The secondary relaxations Tβ and Tγ, recorded with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, were mainly affected by the kinds of monomers. Concerning the mechanical properties, PPN had the highest tensile strength at break, whereas PPT had the highest elongation at break. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3998–4011, 2005
Comparison of the properties of waterborne polyurethane/multiwalled carbon nanotube and acid‐treated multiwalled carbon nanotube composites prepared by in situ polymerization
Authors: Kwon Jiyun , Kim Hando 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA series of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) and WBPU/nitric acid treated multiwalled carbon nanotube (A‐CNT) composites were prepared by in situ polymerization in an aqueous medium. The optimum nitric acid treatment time was about 0.5 h. The effects of the CNT and A‐CNT contents on the dynamic mechanical thermal properties, mechanical properties, hardness, electrical conductivity, and antistatic properties of the two kinds of composites were compared. The tensile strength and modulus, the glass‐transition temperatures of the soft and hard segments (Tgs and Tgh, respectively), and ΔTg (Tgh − Tgs) of WBPU for both composites increased with increasing CNT and A‐CNT contents. However, these properties of the WBPU/A‐CNT composites were higher than those of the WBPU/CNT composites with the same CNT content. The electrical conductivities of the WBPU/CNT1.5 and WBPU/A‐CNT1.5 composites containing 1.5 wt % CNTs (8.0 × 10−4 and 1.1 × 10−3 S/cm) were nearly 8 and 9 orders of magnitude higher than that of WBPU (2.5 × 10−12 S/cm), respectively. The half‐life of the electrostatic charge (τ1/2) values of the WBPU/CNT0.1 and WBPU/A‐CNT0.1 composites containing 0.1 wt % CNTs were below 10 s, and the composites had good antistatic properties. From these results, A‐CNT was found to be a better reinforcer than CNT. These results suggest that WBPU/A‐CNT composites prepared by in situ polymerization have high potential as new materials for waterborne coatings with good physical, antistatic, and conductive properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3973–3985, 2005
Isobaric cure shrinkage behaviors of epoxy molding compound in isothermal state
Authors: Hwang Sheng‐Jye , Chang Yi‐San 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe warpage of plastic‐encapsulated IC packages after molding is believed to be induced by thermal and cure shrinkage of epoxy molding compound (EMC). To study the warpage behaviors of EMC, the amount of cure‐induced shrinkage needs to be understood. Volume shrinkage behaviors induced by cure reaction of EMC in isothermal and isobaric states were studied with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a pressure–temperature‐controlled dilatometer. The results show that higher pressure induce more volume shrinkage under fixed temperature but the difference of volume shrinkage under different pressure levels doesn't obey the principle of linearity. It is observed that the amount of chemical volume shrinkage at 145 °C is higher than those under three other temperatures: 160, 175, and 190 °C. The chemical volume shrinkage of EMC is found to be very process dependent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2392–2398, 2005
Computing the full nonrigid group of tetra‐tert‐butyltetrahedrane using wreath product
Authors: Darafsheh Mohammad Reza , Ashrafi Ali Reza , Darafsheh Arash 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe concept of symmetry group of nonrigid molecules as a permutation‐inversion group was formulated first by Longuet‐Higgins, although earlier works suggested the need for such a framework. Then Balasubramanian showed that these groups could be cast into elegant algebraic structures known as the wreath product of groups. In this study, we apply a similar method to that used by Balasubramanian to find the nonrigid group (NRG) of tetra‐tert‐butyltetrahedrane. Using the group theory package GAP, we calculate the conjugacy classes and character table of this molecule. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Quantum wave packet calculation of reaction probabilities, cross sections, and rate constants for the C(1D) + HD reaction
Authors: Gogtas Fahrettin , Bulut Niyazi , Akpinar Sinan 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe time‐dependent real wave packet method has been used to study the C(1D) + HD reaction. The state‐to‐state and state‐to‐all reactive scattering probabilities for a broad range of energies are calculated at zero total angular momentum. The probabilities for J > 0 are estimated from accurately computed J = 0 probabilities by using the J‐shifting approximation. The integral cross sections for a large energy range, and thermal rate constants are calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Theoretical study of the formation reaction of the methyl vinyl ketone: A conformational approach
Authors: Ramírez‐Ramírez Víctor M. , Nebot‐Gil Ignacio 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe formation reaction of both isomers of the methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) from the corresponding alkoxy radicals was investigated by means of theoretical methods based on quantum chemistry. Perturbative unrestricted Möller–Plesset (UMP2) and density functional methods B3LYP and BH and HLYP were used to obtain the stationary points on the potential energy surface. In addition to this, the interconversion reaction between both isomers of the MVK was studied, characterizing the corresponding transition state. A conformational study was done, and the energy and geometry of the stationary points located were analyzed by means of ab initio calculations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Quantitative determination of endogenous sorbitol and fructose in human nerve tissues by atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang H. R. , Takagaki T. , Foltz R. L. , Bennett P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAttachment of anions to sorbitol and fructose has been shown to enhance sensitivity in both electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric‐pressure chemical ionization (APCI) mass spectrometry. The post‐column addition of CHCl3 produced Cl‐adducts of sorbitol and fructose but their signals were suppressed due to the elevated background. Different chlorinated compounds and different additive methods were systematically investigated to form more abundant Cl‐adduct precursor ions and deprotonated product ions. The major causes of the high background were explored and effective methods were developed to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratios and reproducibility. The compositions of mobile phase, percentages of organic modifiers (MeCN, MeOH and water), columns, oven temperature, flow rates and different gradients were investigated to separate sorbitol from fructose along with their isomers including glucose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, mannitol, and dulcitol. The optimized separation was achieved on a Luna 5 µ NH2 100A column (150 × 4.6 mm) using a mobile phase containing MeCN with 0.1% of CH2Cl2 and 50% MeOH in water at a flow rate of 800 µL/min and an oven temperature of 40°C using a gradient liquid chromatography (LC) system. Human nerve tissue samples were extracted by protein precipitation followed by mixed‐mode solid‐phase extraction. The LC/ESI‐MS/MS method produced higher peak intensities than LC/APCI‐MS/MS. However, there were matrix effects from extracted tissues in LC/ESI‐MS/MS but not in LC/APCI‐MS/MS. Consequently, APCI proved to be the more effective method of ionization. Then the LC/APCI‐MS/MS method was fully validated and successfully applied to analysis of clinical samples. The concentrations of endogenous sorbitol and fructose were determined using calibration curves employing sorbitol‐13C6 and fructose‐13C6 as surrogate analytes. The method has provided excellent intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy with linear ranges of 0.2–80 ng/mg for sorbitol and 1–400 ng/mg for fructose in human nerve tissues. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fragmentation of oligosaccharide ions with 157 nm vacuum ultraviolet light
Authors: Devakumar Arugadoss , Thompson Matthew S. , Reilly James P. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe 157 nm photofragmentation of native and derivatized oligosaccharides was studied in a linear ion trap and in a home‐built matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem time‐of‐flight (TOF/TOF) mass spectrometer, and the results were compared with collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Photodissociation produces product ions corresponding to high‐energy fragmentation pathways; for cation‐derivatized oligosaccharides, it yields strong cross‐ring fragment ions and provides better sequence coverage than low‐ and high‐energy CID experiments. On the other hand, for native oligosaccharides, CID yielded somewhat better sequence coverage than photodissociation. The ion trap enables CID hybrid MS3 experiments on the high‐energy fragment ions obtained from photodissociation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Probes for High‐Resolution Low‐Wear Nanolithographic Techniques
Authors: Kim Keun‐Ho , Moldovan Nicolaie , Ke Changhong , Espinosa Horacio D. , Xiao Xingcheng , Carlisle John A. , Auciello Orlando 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA hard, low‐wear probe for contact‐mode writing techniques, such as dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN), was fabricated using ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD). Molding within anisotropically etched and oxidized pyramidal pits in silicon was used to obtain diamond tips with radii down to 30 nm through growth of UNCD films followed by selective etching of the silicon template substrate. The probes were monolithically integrated with diamond cantilevers and subsequently integrated into a chip body obtained by metal electroforming. The probes were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, wear, and atomic force microscopy imaging capabilities. The developed probes performed exceptionally well in DPN molecular writing/imaging mode. Furthermore, the integration of UNCD films with appropriate substrates and the use of directed microfabrication techniques are particularly suitable for fabrication of one‐ and two‐dimensional arrays of probes that can be used for massive parallel fabrication of nanostructures by the DPN method.
Candida glabrata is unusual with respect to its resistance to cationic antifungal proteins
Authors: Helmerhorst Eva J. , Venuleo Caterina , Beri Anuradha , Oppenheim Frank G. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractNaturally occurring salivary antifungal proteins have been of major interest, due to their potential to provide the basis for peptide antimycotics effective in combating fungal infections in the oral cavity or elsewhere. We tested the fungistatic activity of a number of cationic antifungal proteins, with major emphasis on histatin 5, a basic protein secreted by the human parotid and submandibular glands. Histatin 5 inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and that of other medically important Candida species, such as C. kefyr, C. krusei, and C. parapsilosis, with IC50 values in the range of 10–20 µg/ml. Two Cryptococcus neoformans strains were also sensitive (IC50 5.2 and 5.6 µg/ml). On the other hand, three C. glabrata strains (ATCC 90030, 2001 and 64677) were entirely insensitive to histatin 5 (IC50>225 µg/ml). Four genetically very similar species to C. glabrata, Candida castelli (CBS 4332), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S288C, BY4741 and CBS 1171), Kluyveromyces delphensis (CBS 2170) and Kluyveromyces bacillisporus (CBS 7720) were all sensitive to histatin 5 (IC50 2.6–64.6 µg/ml). C. glabrata was also insensitive to other members of the histatin family; histatin 1, 3 and P‐113 (IC50 values in all cases >225 µg/ml). In addition, two entirely different cationic antifungal proteins originating from frog skin, PGLa and magainin 2, also showed a strong reduced activity toward this fungus. Besides the well‐described inherent resistance of C. glabrata to azole‐derived antifungal agents, our studies indicate that this species is also able to withstand the otherwise detrimental activities of cationic antifungal proteins. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regime Type and Diffusion in Comparative Politics Methodology
Authors: Hanson Stephen E. , Kopstein Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2005

Abstract.In recent years, several prominent political scientists have argued that quantitative and qualitative methodologies should be seen as united by a single logic of scientific inference. Just exactly how this reconciliation of quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches should be effected in practice, however, remains highly contentious. For all its promise, the project of uniting quantitative and qualitative methods in political science has thus reached something of an impasse. Participants on both sides of the quantitative/qualitative debate are convinced that this methodological divide should eventually be transcended, but few have abandoned the conviction that their preferred approach sets the standard by which progress in this endeavor should be judged. Evidently, we still lack consensus on precisely where the distinctive strengths of each methodological approach lie, and how these strengths can be combined effectively in systematic investigations of the political world. In this essay, we argue that a satisfactory synthesis of quantitative and qualitative methods for making causal inferences in comparative politics depends upon the resolution of a prior theoretical problem at the stage of research design: establishing a typology of political regimes and accounting for the mechanisms of their reproduction and diffusion over time and space.Résumé.Ces dernières années, plusieurs politologues éminents ont soutenu qu'il faudrait considérer les méthodologies quantitative et qualitative comme étant unies par une même logique de déduction scientifique. Comment réaliser cette réconciliation des approches quantitative et qualitative dans la pratique demeure cependant un sujet hautement contesté. Tout prometteur qu'il soit, le projet d'unifier les méthodes quantitative et qualitative en science politique se retrouve en fait dans une impasse. Les participants des deux côtés du débat quantitatif/qualitatif sont persuadés qu'il faudra un jour transcender cette fracture méthodologique, mais ils sont peu nombreux à avoir abandonné la conviction que l'approche qu'ils privilégient établit la norme qui permettra d'évaluer les progrès accomplis. Il est évident qu'il n'y a pas encore de consensus quant aux forces respectives précises de chaque méthode, ni sur la manière de les combiner efficacement pour procéder à des études systématiques du monde politique. Dans cet article, nous avançons qu'une synthèse satisfaisante des méthodes quantitative et qualitative pour arriver à des déductions causales en politique comparée exige qu'on s'emploie à résoudre d'abord un problème théorique à l'étape de la conception de la recherche, à savoir l'établissement d'une typologie des régimes politiques et l'inventaire des mécanismes de leur reproduction et de leur diffusion dans l'espace et dans le temps.