bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailored Microcantilever Optimization for Multifrequency Force Microscopy
Authors: Bhattacharya Gourav , Lionadi Indrianita , Stevenson Andrew , Ward Joanna , Payam Amir Farokh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMicrocantilevers are at the heart of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and play a significant role in AFM‐based techniques. Recent advancements in multifrequency AFM require the simultaneous excitation and detection of multiple eigenfrequencies of microcantilevers to assess more data channels to quantify the material properties. However, to achieve higher spatiotemporal resolution there is a need to optimize the structure of microcantilevers. In this study, the architecture of the cantilever with gold nanoparticles using a dip‐coating method is modified, aiming to tune the higher eigenmodes of the microcantilever as integer multiples of its fundamental frequency. Through the theoretical methodology and simulative model, that integer harmonics improve the coupling in multifrequency AFM measurements is demonstrated, leading to enhanced image quality and resolution. Furthermore, via the combined theoretical‐experimental approach, the interplay between induced mass and stiffness change of the modified cantilever depending on the attached particle location, size, mass, and geometry is found. To validate the results of this predictive model, tapping‐mode AFM is utilized and bimodal Amplitude Modulation AFM techniques to examine and quantify the impact of tuning higher‐order eigenmodes on the imaging quality of a polystyrene‐polymethylmethacrylate (PS‐PMMA) block co‐polymer assembly deposited on a glass slide and Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG).
Breaking Barriers to High‐Practical Li‐S Batteries with Isotropic Binary Sulfiphilic Electrocatalyst: Creating a Virtuous Cycle for Favorable Polysulfides Redox Environments
Authors: Xiao Wei , Yoo Kisoo , Kim Jong‐Hoon , Xu Hengyue 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInvestigations into lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) has focused primarily on the initial conversion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to Li2S2. However, the subsequent solid–solid reaction from Li2S2 to Li2S and the Li2S decomposition process should be equally prioritized. Creating a virtuous cycle by balancing all three chemical reaction processes is crucial for realizing practical LSBs. Herein, amorphous Ni3B in synergy with carbon nanotubes (aNi3B@CNTs) is proposed to implement the consecutive catalysis of S8(solid) → LiPSs(liquid) → Li2S(solid) →LiPSs(liquid). Systematic theoretical simulations and experimental analyses reveal that aNi3B@CNTs with an isotropic structure and abundant active sites can ensure rapid LiPSs adsorption‐catalysis as well as uniform Li2S precipitation. The uniform Li2S deposition in synergy with catalysis of aNi3B enables instant/complete oxidation of Li2S to LiPSs. The produced LiPSs are again rapidly and uniformly adsorbed for the next sulfur evolution process, thus creating a virtuous cycle for sulfur species conversion. Accordingly, the aNi3B@CNTs‐based cell presents remarkable rate capability, long‐term cycle life, and superior cyclic stability, even under high sulfur loading and extreme temperature environments. This study proposes the significance of creating a virtuous cycle for sulfur species conversion to realize practical LSBs.
Macroporous Granular Hydrogels Functionalized with Aligned Architecture and Small Extracellular Vesicles Stimulate Osteoporotic Tendon‐To‐Bone Healing
Authors: Song Wei , Ma Zhijie , Wang Xin , Wang Yifei , Wu Di , Wang Chongyang , He Dan , Kong Lingzhi , Yu Weilin , Li Jiao Jiao , Li Haiyan , He Yaohua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsteoporotic tendon‐to‐bone healing (TBH) after rotator cuff repair (RCR) is a significant orthopedic challenge. Considering the aligned architecture of the tendon, inflammatory microenvironment at the injury site, and the need for endogenous cell/tissue infiltration, there is an imminent need for an ideal scaffold to promote TBH that has aligned architecture, ability to modulate inflammation, and macroporous structure. Herein, a novel macroporous hydrogel comprising sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid/small extracellular vesicles from adipose‐derived stem cells (sEVs) (MHA‐sEVs) with aligned architecture and immunomodulatory ability is fabricated. When implanted subcutaneously, MHA‐sEVs significantly improve cell infiltration and tissue integration through its macroporous structure. When applied to the osteoporotic RCR model, MHA‐sEVs promote TBH by improving tendon repair through macroporous aligned architecture while enhancing bone regeneration by modulating inflammation. Notably, the biomechanical strength of MHA‐sEVs is approximately two times higher than the control group, indicating great potential in reducing postoperative retear rates. Further cell‐hydrogel interaction studies reveal that the alignment of microfiber gels in MHA‐sEVs induces tenogenic differentiation of tendon‐derived stem cells, while sEVs improve mitochondrial dysfunction in M1 macrophages (Mφ) and inhibit Mφ polarization toward M1 via nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κb) signaling pathway. Taken together, MHA‐sEVs provide a promising strategy for future clinical application in promoting osteoporotic TBH.
Engineering Cf/ZrB2‐SiC‐Y2O3 for Thermal Structures of Hypersonic Vehicles with Excellent Long‐Term Ultrahigh Temperature Ablation Resistance
Authors: Chen Bowen , Ni Dewei , Bao Weichao , Liao Chunjing , Luo Wei , Song Erhong , Dong Shaoming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUltrahigh temperature ceramic matrix composites (UHTCMCs) are critical for the development of high Mach reusable hypersonic vehicles. Although various materials are utilized as the thermal components of hypersonic vehicles, it is still challenging to meet the ultrahigh temperature ablation‐resistant and reusability. Herein, the Y2O3 reinforced Cf/ZrB2‐SiC composites are designed, which demonstrates near‐zero damage under long‐term ablation at temperatures up to 2500 °C for ten cycles. Notably, the linear ablation rate of the composites (0.33 µm s−1) is over 24 times better than that of the conventional Cf/C‐ZrC at 2500 °C (8.0 µm s−1). Moreover, the long‐term multi‐cycle ablation mechanisms of the composites are investigated with the assistance of DFT calculations. Especially, the size effect and the content of the Zr‐based crystals in the oxide layer fundamentally affect the stability of the oxide layer and the ablation properties. The ideal component and structure of the oxide layer for multi‐cycle ablation condition are put forward, which can be obtained by controlling the Y2O3/ZrB2 mole ratio and establishing Y‐Si‐O – t‐Zr0.9Y0.1O1.95 core‐shell nano structure. This work proposes a new strategy for improving the long‐term multi‐cycle ablation resistance of UHTCMCs.
A Pro‐Metastatic Derivatives Eliminator for In Vivo Dual‐Removal of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor‐Derived Exosomes Impedes their Biodistribution into Distant Organs
Authors: Sun Ying , Xing Lei , Luo Jun , Yu Ming‐Tao , Wang Xiao‐Jie , Wang Yi , Zhou Tian‐Jiao , Jiang Hu‐Lin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor‐derived exosomes (TDEs) play an irreplaceable role in the metastatic cascade and preventing them from reaching distant organs via blood circulation helps to reduce the probability of cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, technologies that can simultaneously prevent CTCs and TDEs from reaching distant organs have not been thoroughly developed until now. Here, inspired by hemoperfusion, a pro‐metastatic derivative eliminator (PMDE) is developed for the removal of both CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood, which also inhibits their biodistribution in distant organs. This device is designed with a dual antibody‐modified immunosorbent filled into a capture column that draws peripheral blood out of the body to flow through the column to specifically capture CTCs and TDEs, followed by retransfusing the purified blood into the body. The PMDE can efficiently remove CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood and has excellent biocompatibility. Interestingly, the PMDE device can significantly inhibit the biodistribution of CTCs and TDEs in the lung and liver by scavenging them. This work provides a new perspective on anti‐metastatic therapy and has broad prospects in clinical applications to prevent metastasis and recurrence.
Semi‐Telechelic Polymers from Mechanochemical C─C Bond Activation
Authors: Schwarz Rony , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnstrained C─C bond activation is attained in homopolymers through mechanochemical bond scission followed by functionalization to yield mostly semi‐telechelic polymer chains. Ball milling poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of 1‐(bromoacetyl)pyrene (BAPy) yields the pyrene terminated PEO. Similarly, milling with 2,4′‐dibromoacetophenone followed by Suzuki coupling allows the introduction of various aryl end groups. PEOs with a molecular weight below 20 kDa show no functionalization, supporting a mechanochemical mechanism. The protocol is also tested with doxorubicin, yielding the drug‐polymer conjugate. PEO halogenation is also demonstrated by milling PEO with iodine, N‐bromosuccinimide, or N‐iodosuccinimide, which can then be reacted with an amine substituted anthracene. Grinding additional carbon polymers with BAPy indicates that this functionalization method is general for different polymer chemistries.
Hypoxic Preconditional Engineering Small Extracellular Vesicles Promoted Intervertebral Disc Regeneration by Activating Mir‐7‐5p/NF‐Κb/Cxcl2 Axis
Authors: Hu Hongxing , Wang Zhaojie , Yang Huiyi , Bai Yuxin , Zhu Rongrong , Cheng Liming 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChronic low back pain (LBP) caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degradation is a serious socioeconomic burden that can cause severe disabilities. Addressing the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IVD degeneration may inspire novel therapeutic strategy for LBP. Herein, hypoxic preconditioning improves both the biological function of MSCs in hostile microenvironments and enhances the production of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with desirable therapeutic functions. In vitro results reveal that hypoxic preconditional engineering sEVs (HP‐sEVs) alleviate the inflammatory microenvironments of IVD degradation, enhance the proliferation of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, and promote proteoglycan synthesis and collagen formation. Transcriptomic sequencing reveales the excellent therapeutic effects of HP‐sEVs in promoting extracellular matrix regeneration through the delivery of microRNA(miR)‐7‐5p, which further suppresses p65 production and thus the inhibition of Cxcl2 production. Moreover, in vivo results further confirm the robust therapeutic role of HP‐sEVs in promoting IVD regeneration through the same mechanism mediated by miR‐7‐5p delivery. In conclusion, this study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating IVD degradation and is thus valuable for understanding the mechanism‐of‐action of HP‐sEVs in IVD regeneration associated with chronic lower back pain.
Electronic State Engineering in Perovskite‐Cerium‐Composite Nanocrystals toward Enhanced Triplet Annihilation Upconversion
Authors: Gong Nan , Lai Runchen , Xing Shiyu , Liu ZhengZheng , Mo Junyao , Man Tao , Li Zicheng , Di Dawei , Du Juan , Tan Dezhi , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong , Xu Beibei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWavelength conversion based on hybrid inorganic–organic sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) is promising for applications such as photovoltaics, light‐emitting‐diodes, photocatalysis, additive manufacturing, and bioimaging. The efficiency of TTA‐UC depends on the population of triplet excitons involved in triplet energy transfer (TET), the driving force in TET, and the coupling strength between the donor and acceptor. Consequently, achieving highly efficient TTA‐UC necessitates the precise control of the electronic states of inorganic donors. However, conventional covalently bonded nanocrystals (NCs) face significant challenges in this regard. Herein, a novel strategy to exert control over electronic states is proposed, thereby enhancing TET and TTA‐UC by incorporating ionic‐bonded CsPbBr3 and lanthanide Ce3+ ions into composite NCs. These composite‐NCs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield, extended single‐exciton lifetime, quantum confinement, and uplifted energy levels. This engineering strategy of electronic states engendered a comprehensive impact, augmenting the population of triplet excitons participating in the TET process, enhancing coupling strength and the driving force, ultimately leading to an unconventional, dopant concentration‐dependent nonlinear enhancement of UC efficiency. This work not only advances fundamental understanding of hybrid TTA‐UC but also opens a door for the creation of other ionic‐bonded composite NCs with tunable functionalities, promising innovations for next‐generation optoelectronic applications.
Risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength in older Chinese adults
Authors: Weng Minghui , Pu Jianlin , Wang Binyou , Wang Yilin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to investigate the potential risk factors associated with weak and asymmetric handgrip strength (HGS) in older Chinese adults.MethodsA total of 2702 participants aged ≥65 years from the two waves of data (2011 and 2013) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. The highest recorded HGS values (Method A) or the average HGS values (Method B) for the dominant hand were used to compute the HGS asymmetry (nondominant HGS/dominant HGS out of 0.9–1.1) and HGS weakness (male <28 kg, female <18 kg). Risk factors associated with the weak and asymmetric HGS were identified by logistic regression analysis.ResultsRisk factors associated with weak and asymmetric HGS of varying severity differed between the two methods. Both methods identified age and illiteracy as risk factors for weak HGS with 10%–20% asymmetry. Method A also identified speech impediment, stroke, and sleep duration as additional risk factors. Similarly, both methods identified age, illiteracy, primary school education and below, diabetes, and stroke as risk factors for weak HGS and asymmetry over 30.1%. Method B additionally identified a history of falls as a risk factor. However, apart from age, the risk factors for weak HGS with 20.1%–30% asymmetry differed between the two methods—Method A identified kidney disease, while Method B identified illiteracy and asthma.ConclusionsThe results revealed that risk factors associated with the abnormal HGS in older adults varied based on the methods used to define these conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of α‐Substituted Cyanoacetates Enabled by Chiral Amide Ligands
Authors: Zhang Rongxing , Zhou Qinghai , Wang Xin , Xu Lanting , Ma Dawei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe (S)‐nobin‐embodied picolinamide and L‐hydroxyproline‐derived amide are effective ligands for Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective coupling reaction of (hetero)aryl iodides with α‐alkyl substituted cyanoacetates. This arylation reaction gave α‐(heteroaryl)‐α‐alkyl cyanoacetates in good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee). A variety of functionalized (hetero)aryl and alkyl groups could be introduced to the quaternary center and therefore provided a valuable tool for preparing enantioenriched compounds with an all‐carbon quaternary center tethered with convertible functional groups. The size of both α‐alkyl and ester groups was proven as the key factor for asymmetric induction.
High‐Spin and Reactive Fe13 Cluster with Exposed Metal Sites
Authors: Scott Anna G. , Alves Galico Diogo , Bogacz Isabel , Oyala Paul H. , Yano Junko , Suturina Elizaveta A. , Murugesu Muralee , Agapie Theodor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAtomically defined large metal clusters have applications in new reaction development and preparation of materials with tailored properties. Expanding the synthetic toolbox for reactive high nuclearity metal complexes, we report a new class of Fe clusters, Tp*4W4Fe13S12, displaying a Fe13 core with M−M bonds that has precedent only in main group and late metal chemistry. M13 clusters with closed shell electron configurations can show significant stability and have been classified as superatoms. In contrast, Tp*4W4Fe13S12 displays a large spin ground state of S=13. This compound performs small molecule activations involving the transfer of up to 12 electrons resulting in significant cluster rearrangements.
Melamine as cross‐linking agent for mono‐cyclic benzoxazine with aldehyde groups: higher crosslinking density and thermal properties
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Hou Jingyu , Wu Miao , Ye Jiajia , Zhang Shuai , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBenzoxazine resin shows great potential as matrix for high performance composites, possessing good processabilty, dielectric property, mechanical property, and thermal properties, but its further application is limited by low crosslinking density and poor curing activity, especially for mono‐cyclic benzoxazines. In this work, melamine, a tertiary amine with a stable triazine structure, was introduced into the aldehyde‐containing mono‐cyclic benzoxazine, in order to achieve higher crosslinking density, higher curing activity, and better thermal properties. The chemical structure of prepolymers was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra, the curing behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, the thermal properties of polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA). It was found that the introduction of trifunctional melamine (MA) could lower curing temperature and promote the curing degree. Additionally, a proper amount of MA could increase the crosslinking density and thermal properties of the resultant polybenzoxazine. For example, poly(BZ‐3MA) showed the highest thermal stability with the temperature at 5% weight loss (Td5) of 415°C, carbon residue (Yc) of 67.7%, 23°C, and 2.9% higher than those of poly(BZ). Moreover, the glass transition temperature of poly(BZ‐5MA) reached 204.06°C, 36.51°C higher than that of poly(BZ).
Biological Evaluation of Anti‐Cholinesterase Activity, in Silico Molecular Docking Studies, and DFT Calculations of Green Synthesized Thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Pouramiri Behjat , Rashidi Mohsen , Lotfi Safa , Mohammadi Mahnaz , Rabiei Khadijeh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA series of [1,3,4] thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate derivatives 4(a–n) have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Synthesizing of thiadiazolo[3,2‐a] pyrimidines was carried out in a single step, one‐pot reaction using aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and different derivatives of 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (with molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 1, respectively) in conjunction with the catalyst, anhydrous iron(III) chloride by a grinding method under solvent‐free conditions at room temperature. The in‐vitro studies exhibited good potency for inhibiting AChE comparable with donepezil as the reference drug. The best results were obtained by Ethyl 2‐(4‐nitroophenyl)‐7‐methyl‐5‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐5H‐[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylate 4n with IC50 value of 0.082±0.001 μM which was comparable with AChE inhibitory effects of donepezil (IC50=0.079 μM).
Determining Stable Structure and in Vitro Antiproliferative Properties of a Novel 3‐(2‐((4‐Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)thiazol‐4‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one Molecule
Authors: Burak Sarigüney Ahmet , Karakaş Sarikaya Ebru , Pehlivanoğlu Suray 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince coumarin and thiazole derivatives are known to have antioxidant properties, a novel derivative was synthesized in this article. 3‐(2‐((4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)thiazol‐4‐yl)‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one (ATC) was synthesized as a novel compound with high yield and characterized by Raman, FT‐IR, 13C‐NMR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic procedures and DFT calculations. In this study, the potential in vitro antiproliferative properties of the ATC compound were evaluated on colorectal cancer (HT29) and melanoma (SK‐MEL‐30) cell lines. According to the results, the compound was found to be significantly active, approximately 2.6‐fold, against melanoma cells compared to healthy fibroblast (L929) cells. Unlike melanoma cells, the compound did not have any adverse effects on colorectal cancer cells. Due to these findings, the compound can be harnessed as a promising antiproliferative drug candidate for preclinical studies against melanoma.
Exploring the Role of Metal in the Biointeraction of Metallacarboranes with C. elegans Embryos
Authors: Muñoz‐Juan Amanda , Nuez‐Martínez Miquel , Laromaine Anna , Viñas Clara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCobaltabis(dicarbollides), ferrabis(dicarbollide), and their halogenated derivatives are the most studied metallacarboranes with great medical potential. These versatile compounds and their iodinated derivatives can be used in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, particle therapy, and bioimaging when isotopes are used. These metallacarboranes have been evaluated in vitro and recently in vivo with complex animal models. Lately, these studies have been complemented using the invertebrate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), a nematode largely used in toxicology. When evaluated at the L4 stage, cobaltabis(dicarbollides), ([o‐COSAN]− and [8,8’‐I2‐o‐COSAN]−), exhibited a higher mean lethal dose (LD50) than ferrabis(dicarbollides) ([o‐FESAN]− and [8,8’‐I2‐o‐FESAN]−). In this work, we used the C. elegans embryos since they are a complex biological barrier with concentric layers of polysaccharides and proteins that protect them from the environment. We assessed if the metal atom changes their biointeraction with the C. elegans embryos. First, we assessed the effects on embryo development for metallacarboranes and their di‐iodinated derivatives. We observed changes in color and in their surface structure. An exhaustive physicochemical characterization was performed to understand better this interaction, revealing a stronger interaction of ferrabis(dicarbollide) compounds with C. elegans embryos than the cobaltabis(dicarbollide) molecules. Unveiling the biological interaction of these compounds is of great interest for their future biomedical applications.
Loss of humoral immunity in childhood cancer survivors not having undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Pearson Benjamin , Pulley Michelle , Diniz Marcio , Baca Nicole , Majlessipour Fataneh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundData are limited and conflicting regarding loss of immunity in childhood cancer survivors who did not undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The purpose of this retrospective, single center study is to provide further data to help build unifying revaccination guidelines post‐chemotherapy in childhood cancer survivors not having undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.MethodsThis retrospective study included 28 childhood cancer survivors, 14 males and 14 females, whose treatment consisted of at least 3 months of chemotherapy and with confirmation of completing their primary vaccination series prior to therapy. The rate of vaccine titer seropositivity for cancer survivors was compared with the expected general population, based on long‐term studies of anti‐body persistence.ResultsDecreased seropositivity for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, tetanus, and hepatitis B was found in patients across all categories of malignancy compared with the general population. However, tetanus was not statistically significant. Results were more pronounced for those with hematological malignancies.ConclusionsThis study indicates that pediatric cancer survivors, especially those with hematological malignancies, may have greater loss of protective antibodies from primary vaccinations. Further studies are needed to provide guidelines for revaccination of both hematologic malignancies and solid tumor childhood cancer survivors who did not undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.