bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over‐expression of N‐acetylaspartate synthase exacerbates pathological energetic deficit and accelerates cognitive decline in the 5xFAD mouse
Authors: Francis Jeremy S. , Nguyen Quy , Markov Vladimir , Leone Paola 
Published: January 2024

AbstractN‐acetylaspartate (NAA) is an abundant central nervous system amino acid derivative that is tightly coupled to mitochondria and energy metabolism in neurons. A reduced NAA signature is a prominent early pathological biomarker in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and becomes progressively more pronounced as disease advances. Because NAA synthesis requires aspartate drawn directly from mitochondria, we argued that this process is in direct competition with oxidative phosphorylation for substrate and that sustained high levels of NAA synthesis would be incompatible with pathological energy crisis. We show here that over‐expression of the rate‐limiting NAA synthetic enzyme in the hippocampus of the 5x familial Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD) mouse results in an exaggerated pathological ATP deficit and accelerated cognitive decline. Over‐expression of NAA synthase did not increase amyloid burden or result in cell loss but did significantly deplete mitochondrial aspartate and impair the ability of mitochondria to oxidize glutamate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. These results define NAA as a sink for energetic substrate and suggest initial pathological reductions in NAA are part of a response to energetic crisis designed to preserve substrate bioavailability for mitochondrial ATP synthesis.
Exploring individuals' experiences of hope in mental health recovery: Having a sense of possibility
Authors: Murphy Joan , Mulcahy Helen , Mahony James O. , Bradley Stephen , Ryan Denis 
Published: January 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mental health recovery is acknowledged as a process of transformation and a way of living a meaningful life despite the presence of mental ill‐health.

Experiencing hope has been articulated as intrinsic to service users experience of a meaningful life.

The social construction of mental illness and stigma are recognised as barriers to experiencing hope.

Mental health professionals have responsibility to positively influence the experience of hope.

What this article adds to existing knowledge?

Individuals in mental health recovery experience hope as the embodiment of having a sense of possibility in life.

Individuals' sense of possibility in life is underpinned by a belief and confidence that they will be ok. This belief is informed by ‘feeling safe’ and ‘feeling connected’.

This article generates an increased understanding of the dynamic relational processes that unpin hope generation.

What are the implications for mental health nursing practice?

Mental health stakeholders need to be more explicit in exploring ‘hope’ and uncovering its therapeutic potential.

Mental health practitioners need skill in enabling individuals to feel safe and connected while understanding its role in cultivating hope.

AbstractIntroductionThe experience of hope is widely acknowledged and empirically supported as a key catalyst of mental health recovery. Lived experience accounts of hope are critical in accessing data on what has been termed a nebulous concept. This article is the second presentation of data from this study and provides further context to improve understanding of hope and optimise its therapeutic potential.AimTo explore how individuals describe and make sense of their experience of hope in mental health recovery.MethodA qualitative Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used.ResultsThis article explores the second of three experiential group themes: Hope as Having a sense of possibility ‘I will be ok’ which is informed by feeling safe and feeling connected.DiscussionHaving a sense of possibility is easier when basic needs are met and people feel connected to self, others and the universe. The use of creativity as a pathway to the imagination is positively experienced. The role of family, friends and healthcare professionals as hope reservoirs is critical. Finally, the framing of medication use emerged as significant.Implications for PracticeIt is important that all stakeholders appreciate the interpretation of hope and use the understanding and skill in harnessing its therapeutic potential.
Overview of the Lost Meteorites of Antarctica field campaigns
Authors: Joy K. H. , Smedley A. R. D. , MacArthur J. L. , van Verre W. , Marsh L. A. , Rose M. , Harvey T. A. , Tartèse R. , Jones R. H. , Abrahams I. D. , Wilson J. W. , Peyton A. J. , Gerrish L. , Baum J. , Raymond G. , Taylor R. , Evatt G. W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Lost Meteorites of Antarctica project was the first UK‐led Antarctic meteorite recovery expedition. The project has successfully confirmed two new high‐density meteorite stranding zones in the Hutichison Icefield and Outer Recovery Icefields areas and investigated the geology of three previously unvisited Antarctic nunataks (Turner Nunatak, Pillinger Nunatak, Halliday Nunatak). The project undertook meteorite searching on the ice surface via skidoo reconnaissance and systematic searching and developed a novel pulse induction metal detection system to search for englacial iron‐rich meteorites trapped within the upper one meter of ice. In total, 121 meteorites have been recovered from the ice surface searching activities, which are now curated in the United Kingdom at the Natural History Museum London and are available for scientific analysis.
Arthroscopic Linear Chain Fixation for the Treatment of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Jing‐qing , Niu Hai‐yun , Li Ming , Dong Zhen‐yue , Gu Ju‐yuan , Bai Wei‐xia , Chen Bai‐cheng 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe repair and reconstruction of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) is an important issue in the field of orthopedic sports medicine. This study reports the first application of arthroscopic linear chain fixation for the treatment of MMPRTs.Case presentationA 78‐year‐old female patient presented with a 1.5‐month history of right knee pain accompanied by a locked facet joint. The patient underwent surgery with the new linear chain fixation method. In this method, the suture and the loop part of the buckle‐strap titanium plate were combined into a linear chain mechanical complex, and the tension of the posterior root stump was gradually increased by pulling on the two attachment lines at the external mouth of the tibial tunnel. The postoperative Lysholm score was 89, and the visual analogue scale score was 0.9, indicating a significant improvement in knee joint function. At the 7‐month and 1‐year post‐surgery follow‐up, physical and MRI examinations confirmed satisfactory healing of the MMPRTs.ConclusionThis surgical approach offers several benefits, including a simplified instrumentation setup, preservation of natural anatomical structures, and reliable residual stump fixation. It has the potential for clinical implementation.
Are retrospective evaluations of local governments moderated by perceptions of influence?
Authors: Burke Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveI examined whether retrospective evaluations of local governments were influenced by perceptions of local governments’ influence.MethodsI fielded a survey (n = 1000) that asked respondents about their local governments, their perceptions of the economy and crime, and the influence of local governments on the economy and crime.ResultsI found that respondents who strongly agreed with a statement that local governments had important economic consequences were more likely to connect their perceptions of the local economy to their evaluations of their local government than those who only somewhat agreed, or neither agreed nor disagreed with that statement. I found that respondents who strongly agreed with a statement that local governments could reduce violent crime were more likely to connect their perception of local crime to their evaluation of their local government than those who neither agreed nor disagreed with that statement.ConclusionI found some evidence that retrospective evaluations are moderated by perceptions of local government influence.
Reading Wolfgang Herrndorf's Tschick (2010)
Authors: Rossbacher Brigitte 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article highlights how Wolfgang Herrndorf's bestselling novel Tschick (2010) is particularly well suited for advanced courses focused on cultural and linguistic enrichment. Herrndorf's Tschick, I argue, facilitates interaction, engagement, and individual interpretation; is linguistically accessible because of its use of high‐frequency vocabulary and conceptual orality; and can motivate students to be more active and engaged class participants. The article introduces the novel and describes the advanced college course in which it is taught. It then outlines readability factors and discusses their implication for the teaching of Tschick, providing sample teaching ideas that consider the linguistic ability of the advanced language learner as well as broader professional objectives.
Syphilis seroprevalence and incidence in US blood donors from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Conti Galen , Notari Edward P , Dodd Roger Y. , Kessler Debra , Custer Brian , Reik Rita , Lanteri Marion C. , Hailu Benyam , Yang Hong , Stramer Susan L. ,   for the U.S. Transfusion‐Transmissible Infections Monitoring System (TTIMS)
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHIV, HBV, and HCV infections for ~60% of the US blood supply are monitored by TTIMS with syphilis added in 2020.Study Design and MethodsData were compiled from October 2020 to September 2022. Syphilis prevalence was estimated for allogeneic and directed donors who were consensus positive (CP) and the subset of those with confirmed‐active infections (AI). Prevalence and incidence were stratified by demographics for two consecutive 1‐year periods, starting October 1, 2020 and for both years combined. Incidence was estimated for repeat donors. Associations between syphilis positivity and other infections were evaluated.ResultsAmong 14.75 million donations, syphilis prevalence was 28.4/100,000 donations and significantly higher during the second year compared to the first year. Overall, syphilis incidence for the two‐year period was 10.8/100,000 person‐years. The adjusted odds of a CP infection were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.26) times higher in the second year compared to the first, and for AI, 1.22 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.35) times higher in year 2. Highest rates occurred among males, first‐time, Black, and younger (ages 18–39) donors, and those in the South US Census region. Syphilis CP donors were 64 (95% CI: 46, 89) times more likely to be HIV CP, and AI donors 77 (95% CI: 52, 114) times more likely to be HIV CP than non‐CP donors, when controlling for confounders.Summary/ConclusionsSyphilis prevalence increased over the study period mirroring national trends reported by CDC and is significantly associated with HIV CP.
Intention to vaccinate for Lyme disease using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Stark James H. , McFadden Brandon , Patel Niyati , Kelly Patrick H. , Gould L. Hannah , Riis Jason 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsLyme disease (LD) cases in the United States are estimated to be approaching 500,000 annually. Protective measures, such as repellent use and wearing protective clothing are recommended by public health officials. However, no protective measure has been proven to be consistently effective, partly because they require consistent and persistent behaviour change. While safe and effective vaccines are in development, it is unclear what factors influence the intention to vaccinate against LD.This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to determine key drivers associated with vaccine intention. The HBM is widely applied in public health research and uses the following constructs: perceived susceptibility and severity of disease, perceived benefits and barriers to disease prevention, and cues to action for disease prevention to predict health behaviours. To date, the HBM framework has not been applied to vaccination intention for LD.Methods and ResultsData were collected from 874 adults and 834 caregivers of children residing in US states endemic to LD. Sampling adults and caregivers allows us to explore how the intention to vaccinate differs among those at‐risk. Estimates from structural equation modelling (SEM) show that the HBM constructs explain much of the variation in intention to vaccinate against LD. Both adult and caregiver intentions to vaccinate are positively influenced by cues to action, perceived susceptibility of LD, and perceived benefits to vaccination. However, there is variation in the influence of constructs across the samples. Caregiver's intention to vaccinate is positively influenced by the perceived severity of LD and negatively influenced by safety concerns about the vaccine, whereas adult intention is negatively influenced by perceived barriers to vaccination.ConclusionA strong relationship of cues to action on vaccine intention in samples of adults and caregivers suggests the importance of a recommendation from a healthcare provider or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Cold Microdrawing of Pure Magnesium Capillary Structures for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pizzi Margherita , De Gaetano Francesco , Ferroni Marco , Arleo Francesco , Boschetti Federica , Strano Matteo , Annoni Massimiliano 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a study on cold microdrawing of pure magnesium for biomedical applications, where hollow sinking drawing of microtubes of 820 μm diameter and wall thickness around 100 μm was used, varying drawing speeds to achieve a significant reduction in cross-sectional area in a single pass. Results showed an improved surface finish with reduced surface roughness after drawing. The material exhibited an increase in microhardness and ultimate tensile strength by 41% due to work hardening caused by plastic deformation. The study also identified wall thickening of the tube and observed springback behavior of Mg at the die exit. Drawing forces were collected for process monitoring, and finite element (FE) simulations were conducted to assess the risk of pure Mg microtube breakage. This research contributes to advancing the state of the art in Mg microtube drawing, addressing the unique challenge of working with such small tube dimensions where limited studies currently exist.
Improving Turbine Endwall Overall Cooling Effectiveness Using Curtain Cooling and Redistributed Film-Hole Layouts: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Wu Hang , Yang Xing , Zhao Qiang , Feng Zhenping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To enhance the cooling deficiency that occurs in a baseline endwall using axially-arranged cooling holes, this paper proposes a new locally-enhanced hole layout using curtain cooling and fan-shaped film holes being arranged on iso-Mach lines. The objective of cooling hole redesign is to minimize secondary flows and thus to provide better film coverage. In experiments, infrared thermography techniques are applied to validate overall cooling effectiveness of the newly-designed endwall, and aero-thermal fields at the cascade exit are detected by five-hole and thermocouple probes. Additionally, computational fluid dynamic simulations are performed to provide complementary flow insights. A comparison with the baseline hole layout reveals that for a given total coolant flowrate, the newly-designed endwall significantly improves the cooling performance by up to 27% without a noticeable aerodynamic penalty, resulting in a lower and more uniform temperature field. Curtain coolant effectively suppresses the development of horseshoe vortex and provides adequate thermal protection for leading-edge junctures and pressure-side corner regions. The redistribution of fan-shaped film holes reinforces the cooling performance in the passage throat and trailing-edge regions. At low and high total mass flowrates, the coolant split between various cooling sources has a substantial impact on cooling performance.
Effect of dietary nitrogen content and ammonium phosphate inclusion on lysine requirement for nitrogen retention in growing pigs
Authors: Buchinski Miranda J. , Wellington Michael O. , Camiré Carley M. , Panisson Josiane C. , Shoveller Anna K. , Columbus Daniel A. 
Published: January 2024

Inclusion of a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) may improve essential amino acid (EAA) and nitrogen (N) utilization in N-limiting diets. Growing barrows (20.4 ± 0.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 10 dietary treatments ( n = 9 pigs/treatment) in nine blocks. Diets contained no ammonium phosphate (NAP) or 1.7% ammonium phosphate (AP) to have an EAA-N:total N ratio of 0.36 and 0.33, respectively, with graded levels of dietary lysine (Lys; 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, and 1.2% standardized ileal digestible (SID)). Following a 7-day dietary adaptation, a 4-day N-balance collection period was conducted. Blood samples were obtained on day 2 of the collection period. Nitrogen retention (NR) increased and urinary N output decreased with inclusion of NPN and increasing Lys ( P < 0.01). Plasma urea N decreased with increasing Lys ( P < 0.05). Total plasma EAA content was reduced with NPN supplementation ( P < 0.05), while content of Arg, Asp, Gln, and Glu was increased ( P < 0.01). The linear breakpoint model indicated that NR was maximized at 1.00% SID Lys in NAP-fed pigs and at 1.09% SID Lys in AP-fed pigs. These results indicate that diets deficient in dietary N reduce NR and Lys requirement, which were in turn increased with NPN supplementation.
Viable and stable compact stars in $$f({\mathcal {Q}})$$ theory
Authors: Gul Muhammad Zeeshan , Rani Shamaila , Adeel Muhammad , Jawad Abdul 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the viability and stability of anisotropic compact stars in the context of $$f({\mathcal {Q}})$$

f
(
Q
)

theory, where $${\mathcal {Q}}$$
Q
is non-metricity scalar. We use Finch–Skea solutions to investigate the physical properties of compact stars. To determine the values of unknown constants, we match internal spacetime with the exterior region at the boundary surface. Furthermore, we study the various physical quantities, including effective matter variables, energy conditions and equation of state parameters inside the considered compact stars. The equilibrium and stability states of the proposed compact stars are examined through the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, causality condition, Herrera cracking approach and adiabatic index, respectively. It is found that viable and stable compact stars exist in $$f({\mathcal {Q}})$$

f
(
Q
)

theory as all the necessary conditions are satisfied.
Asynchronous Probabilistic Couplings in Higher-Order Separation Logic
Authors: Gregersen Simon Oddershede , Aguirre Alejandro , Haselwarter Philipp G. , Tassarotti Joseph , Birkedal Lars 
Published: January 2024

Probabilistic couplings are the foundation for many probabilistic relational program logics and arise when relating random sampling statements across two programs. In relational program logics, this manifests as dedicated coupling rules that, e.g., say we may reason as if two sampling statements return the same value. However, this approach fundamentally requires aligning or "synchronizing" the sampling statements of the two programs which is not always possible.
In this paper, we develop Clutch, a higher-order probabilistic relational separation logic that addresses this issue by supporting asynchronous probabilistic couplings. We use Clutch to develop a logical step-indexed logical relation to reason about contextual refinement and equivalence of higher-order programs written in a rich language with a probabilistic choice operator, higher-order local state, and impredicative polymorphism. Finally, we demonstrate our approach on a number of case studies.
All the results that appear in the paper have been formalized in the Coq proof assistant using the Coquelicot library and the Iris separation logic framework.
API-Driven Program Synthesis for Testing Static Typing Implementations
Authors: Sotiropoulos Thodoris , Chaliasos Stefanos , Su Zhendong 
Published: January 2024

We introduce a novel approach for testing static typing implementations based on the concept of API-driven program synthesis. The idea is to synthesize type-intensive but small and well-typed programs by leveraging and combining application programming interfaces (APIs) derived from existing software libraries. Our primary insight is backed up by real-world evidence: a significant number of compiler typing bugs are caused by small test cases that employ APIs from the standard library of the language under test. This is attributed to the inherent complexity of the majority of these APIs, which often exercise a wide range of sophisticated type-related features. The main contribution of our approach is the ability to produce small client programs with increased feature coverage, without bearing the burden of generating the corresponding well-formed API definitions from scratch. To validate diverse aspects of static typing procedures (i.e., soundness, precision of type inference), we also enrich our API-driven approach with fault-injection and semantics-preserving modes, along with their corresponding test oracles.
We evaluate our implemented tool, Thalia on testing the static typing implementations of the compilers for three popular languages, namely, Scala, Kotlin, and Groovy. Thalia has uncovered 84 typing bugs (77 confirmed and 22 fixed), most of which are triggered by test cases featuring APIs that rely on parametric polymorphism, overloading, and higher-order functions. Our comparison with state-of-the-art shows that Thalia yields test programs with distinct characteristics, offering additional and complementary benefits.