bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical characteristics and damage mechanism in scrubber washing water of UNS N08367 with plasma ion nitriding and electropolishing
Authors: Kim Seong-Jong , Hwang Hyun-Kyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In this investigation, electropolishing and plasma ion nitriding were applied to super austenitic stainless steel for the purpose of improving its corrosion and pitting resistance. Electrochemical experiment were conducted with washing water collected directly from the ship’s scrubber. After electropolishing, the surface roughness was improved by about 73.6% compared to mechanical polishing. Following plasma ion nitriding, expanded austenite and chromium nitride were observed on the surface, and the thickness of the nitrided layer was measured as about 10 μm. A hysteresis loop was observed in the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization curves of mechanical polishing and electropolishing, and the areas were calculated as 23.33mW/cm2 and 0.17mW/cm2, respectively. The polarization curve of plasma ion nitriding presented perfect passivation characteristics. Accordingly, mechanical polishing and electropolishing revealed local corrosion, whereas plasma ion nitriding presented a tendency towards general corrosion. In the mechanical polishing, electropolishing, and plasma ion nitriding, the corrosion current densities were 0.665 ㎂/cm2, 0.093 ㎂/cm2, and 16.47 ㎂/cm2, respectively, and the maximum damage depth was observed to grow progressively smaller from plasma ion nitriding to electropolishing and then mechanical polishing
Experimental study of design and manufacture for CFRP bamboo rat tooth bionic drill bit
Authors: Su Fei , Liu Xing , Che Yan , Zhang Ke , Ding Xun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The section of bamboo eaten by bamboo rats is smooth and clean, which is due to the unique lower front teeth of bamboo rats. Based on this, a new tool was designed to reduce the defects in CFRP processing. An experimental comparison is conducted between the new bionic tool and the conventional dovetail and fine-toothed tool. The results show that the bionic new tool has smaller axial force and delamination factor, and the defect formation rate is slowed down under the bionic new tool. The bionic tool significantly inhibits the defect formation and improves the hole making quality of CFRP. But the drilling temperature of the new bionic tool is higher than that of the dovetail - fine tooth tool. Additionally, the comparison test of the new bionic tools with diameters of 12mm and 6mm found that the closer the tool tooth structure is to the true size of the bamboo rats lower front teeth, the better the processing effect of CFRP.
The etiology of trauma in geriatric traumatic patients refer to an academic trauma center: a cross sectional study
Authors: Pishbin Elham , Zakeri Hosein , Kakhki Behrang` Rezvani , Ghashghaee Hanieh , Sadrzadeh Sayyed Majid , Sadeghi Masumeh , Moradi Elnaz Vafadar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Geriatric trauma refers to injuries sustained by elderly individuals, typically those aged 65 years and older. The management of geriatric trauma in the Emergency Department requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the physiological changes associated with aging, as well as the increased vulnerability and complexity of injuries in this population. This is a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the etiology of trauma in geriatric patients referred to the ED of level-1 an academic center. All patients with complaints of trauma are evaluated, patients over 65-years enrolled in the study. 319 patients were investigated, 49/8% male and 50/2%female.The most common underlying diseases are high blood pressure, diabetes type 2 and ischemic heart diseases. The most common trauma cause was falling from a same level (48/9%), followed by a fall from a height (16/6%), accident with cars (16%) and motorcycles (9/1%). The most common injury was extremities trauma (71/5%) following head trauma (13/2%) and chest trauma (6%). The severity of injury in extremity was more in women, and chest trauma was more sever in men. According to our results, the fall and subsequent car accident had the highest frequency as a cause of trauma in elderly patients admitted to our academic trauma center. Hypertension and diabetes have also been the most common underlying diseases. Head and neck injuries are life-threatening and critical in a larger number of patients than other injuries, and protecting them can be effective in reducing mortality and serious injuries in elderly trauma patients.
Biochemical and Histochemical Assessment of the Protective Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Fruit Extracts of Phoenix Dactylifera on Mercury-induced Liver Toxicity
Authors: Abubakar Musa Garba , Agbon Abel Nosereme 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Mercury is a highly toxic metal that causes severe damage to the body system of humans and animals that establish contact with it. Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits have been documented to possess several pharmacological abilities and have been used in traditional medicine worldwide. The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effects of aqueous and ethanolic fruit extracts of Phoenix dactylifera L. on mercury-induced liver damage toxicity in Wistar rats.
Design; A total of forty-five (45) Wistar rats of male sex (80 – 125g) were randomly divided into nine groups (I-IX) of five (5) rats each. Group 1 served as the control and was administered distilled water (2 ml), group II was administered mercury chloride (HgCl2) only at 5 mg/kg body weight; group III was pretreated with silymarin at 100 mg/kg then followed by HgCl2 at 5 mg/kg; groups IV and V were pretreated with aqueous fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera (AFPD) at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, followed by HgCl2 at 5 mg/kg; groups VI and VII were pretreated with ethanol fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera (EFPD) at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, followed by HgCl2 at 5 mg/kg, while groups VIII and IX were treated with AFPD and EFPD only at 1000 mg/kg respectively. After two weeks of oral administration, the animals were humanely sacrificed using cervical dislocation method, and blood samples were collected through the jugular vein for biochemical studies (liver serum enzymes: Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and oxidative stress markers, (MDA, SOD, CAT, and GPx). Tissue samples of the liver were collected and processed for histochemical (Gordon and Sweet) stain analysis.
Results: The results of the present study showed that toxicity and oxidative stress were induced by the significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of ALP and MDA when compared to the control. Histochemical analysis revealed severe degenerative changes in the liver. Extracts (AFPD and EFPD) of P. dactylifera preserved liver serum enzymes and antioxidant enzyme activities to levels similar to that of the control. The effects of HgCl2 toxicity were ameliorated as observed by the remarkably decreased levels of MDA and significantly increased activity of SOD, as well as preserved histoarchitecture of the liver parenchyma when compared to the HgCl2-treated group. The protective activities of the extracts of Phoenix dactylifera could be attributed to the antioxidant properties of the constituent phytochemicals, such as flavonoids.
Conclusion: Thus, these extracts could be potential candidates for use in the management and treatment of mercury-induced liver diseases in our localities.
Domestic Animal Inflicted Neurotrauma – A Retrospective Analysis Of Five Years Neurosurgical Experience In A Tertiary Care Centre Of Northern India
Authors: Verma Rajat 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction- Neurotrauma from animal interactions, including domestic incidents, is underexplored and inadequately documented. The aim of this study is to explore epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and outcomes of neurotrauma caused by domestic animals. Methods- Reviewed data from 23 neurotrauma patients (January 2017–2021) due to domestic animal incidents. Analysed outcomes using Glasgow Outcome Scale and SPSS 28 software. Results- During the study, 118 out of 7602 neurotrauma patients (1.6%) experienced animal-related trauma, with 95 from animal vehicle collisions/wild animal attacks and 23 from domestic animals (study population). The mean age of study population was 48 ± 17.5 years, with 8.6% paediatric cases and 69.6% males. The majority (86.9%) were rural residents. On presentation, 60.9% had head injuries, 34.8% had spine injuries, and 4.3% had both. Of head injury cases, 64.3% had severe TBI (GCS < 8). A Rotterdam CT score ≥ 5 correlated with unfavourable outcomes (p = 0.03) and mortality (p = 0.05). Surgery (4 cases) significantly improved Rotterdam CT scores (p = 0.001). Among CT score ≥ 5 cases, conservative management led to mortality, while surgery resulted in good outcomes (p = 0.001). Most of spine injuries fell into ASIA Grade C. Discussion- Animal-related trauma incidence varies globally, ranging from 1–2.7% in developed nations and around 0.2% in developing nations. Munivenkatappa et al.in 2013, reported an incidence of 0.4% in Bangalore. In our neurotrauma ward, it ranks as the fourth most common cause of inpatient admission. Severe TBI were prevalent within it causing high mortality rate. Rotterdam CT Score proved valuable in assessing the need for surgery, correlating positively with the requirement for intervention. It reliably predicted outcomes in head injury patients and demonstrated excellent predictive ability for mortality. Conclusion-Distinct consideration for domestic animal-related neurotrauma is crucial. The Rotterdam CT Score proved valuable in assessing the need for surgery, correlating positively with the requirement for intervention.
Comparing and analyzing the differences between SERMs retinochoroidopathy and Macular Telangiectasia Type 2: a new pathogenic hypothesis
Authors: yu donghao , an jianbin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background：Because Tamoxifen Retinopathy and Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 (Mac Tel-2) have similar manifestations, many researchers are identifying and exploring the mechanisms of the two diseases. Here we report a patient with selective estrogen receptor modulators(SERMs)-induced retinochoroidopathy. And she has a history of tamoxifen and toremifene use , presenting the classic phenotype of TR. It is the first time, we use comprehensive examination to observe one patient.
Case presentation: A 52-year-old woman presented gradual and progressive visual acuity decrease of both eyes about 1 year. She had received oral tamoxifen followed by toremifene for 57 months. Indocyanine green angiography(ICGA), optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA), electrooculogram(EOG), revealed salient distinct from Mac Tel-2 phenotype in patient’s choroidal. The patient’s ocular vessels did not show any tendency to proliferate, so we serve the cessation of anti-estrogen drugs as her treatment.
Conclusion: Combined with the positive results of increasing choroidal thickening, ICGA hypofluorescence, and decreased Arden ratio, SERMs-induced retinopathy is considered to be a type of retinochoroidopathy.
Assessing Klebanoff's Data
Authors: Smits Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In 1955, Klebanoff published the first full set of turbulence stress measurements in a zero pressure gradient boundary layer (Klebanoff 1955). These results have achieved landmark status, and they are still widely used for comparisons with measurements and computations. The purpose of this paper is to show that these data are inaccurate in a number of ways, and that more recent data drawn from experiments and DNS should be used instead for future comparisons.
Development of a determination method for six silymarin in powdered milk thistle extract
Authors: Lan Tao , zhang wenyu , zhou qi , huang jinli , yu congcong , luo shihui , zhao xi , he ruikun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study aims to develop a user-friendly and efficient high-performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of six silymarin in powdered milk thistle extract. On the basis of existing standard methods, a simpler prepared mobile phase was used, and the gradient program of mobile phase was optimized. The effectiveness of this method was verified through methodological investigations such as instrument precision experiments, stability experiments, repeatability experiments, and spiked recovery experiments. The method was applied to the detection of 42 batches of actual samples of powdered milk thistle extract. Under optimized mobile phase and gradient elution conditions, six silymarin compounds in powdered milk thistle extract could be effectively separated from the matrix with baseline resolution. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration of the six silymarin compounds in the range of 5~150 μg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 25 mg/kg. The precision, stability, and repeatability of the method were all below 5%, and the recovery rates at three spiked levels range from 92% to 108%, with RSDs below 4%, indicating its excellent precision and stability. This method was user-friendly and efficient, with good accuracy, making it suitable for the analysis and detection of real samples. During the actual sample testing, significant variations were observed in the content of the six silymarin compounds among different products. The establishment of this method can be utilized for quality control of powdered milk thistle extract products.
Wavelength dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectrometry as a tool for trace element determination in Pistacia vera L. leaves and soils
Authors: Nedjimi Bouzid 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is known as important nut crop in the world with high nutritional and commercial relevance. In the present study, the concentrations of selected major and trace elements (Br, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, Sr, and Zn) in P. vera samples as well as theirs ambient soils from two geographical Algerian sites (Djelfa and Laghouat districts) were measured. The analytical measurements were performed by means of a wavelength dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectrometer (WDXRF). Results showed that highest contents of Br, Ca, Fe, and Mg were reported in samples collected from Sidi Makhlouf (Laghouat) orchard. However, Cu concentration is higher in P. vera from Ain El Ibel (Djelfa) province. For the remaining elements namely K, Mn, P, Sr and Zn, the values are comparable between both provinces. The maximum soil contents of Cu, K, and Mn were found in Sidi Makhlouf grove. However, the highest amount of Br was detected in soil samples collected from Ain Ibel orchard. No significant difference for Ca, Fe, Mg, P, Sr, and Zn concentrations was found between both soil orchards. These data must be taken into account during fertilization of pistachio orchards, in order to prevent nutritional disorders and to enhance productivity and kernel quality.
Phthalate exposure and blood pressure in U.S. children aged 8–17 years (NHANES 2013–2018)
Authors: Cheng Tan , Lou Chengcheng , Jing Xiaoping , Ding Sirui , Hong Haifa , Ding Guodong , Shen Li 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Current evidence from epidemiologic studies suggested that phthalate metabolites might be associated with BP changes. However, the special relationship between phthalate metabolites and BP changes in children has not been clearly elucidated in existing researches.
Objectives
We investigated the links between phthalate metabolites and various BP parameters, including systolic/diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and the presence of hypertension.
Methods
The population sample consisted of 1,036 children aged 8 to 17 years from the 2013–2018 NHANES in the United States. High performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure urinary concentrations of 19 phthalate metabolites. Systolic/diastolic BP were derived from the average of three valid measurements, and MAP was calculated as (systolic BP + 2 × diastolic BP)/3. Hypertension was defined as mean systolic BP and/or diastolic BP that was ≥ 95th percentile for the reference gender, age, and height. Linear regression, logistic regression, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were employed to assess the associations between phthalate exposure and systolic/diastolic BP, MAP, and hypertension.
Results
Ten of 19 phthalate metabolites including MCNP, MCOP, MECPP, MBP, MCPP, MEP, MEHHP, MiBP, MEOHP, and MBzP had detection frequencies > 85% with samples more than 1,000. MCNP, MCOP, MECPP, MBP, MCPP, MEHHP, MiBP, MEOHP, and MBzP were generally negatively associated with systolic/diastolic BP and MAP, but not associated with risk of hypertension. These associations were not modified by age (8–12 and 13–17 years) or sex (boys and girls). The above-mentioned associations were further confirmed by the application of the WQS analysis, and MCOP was identified as the chemical with the highest weight.
Conclusion
Phthalate metabolites were associated with modest reductions in systolic/diastolic BP, and MAP in children, while appeared not protective factors for hypertension. Given the inconsistent results among existing studies, our findings should be confirmed by other cohort studies.
Acoustic bellows type round window transducer for middle-ear implants
Authors: Shin Dong Ho , Lee Kyu-Yup , Seong Ki Woong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study describes the development of output devices for round window middle-ear implants (RW-MEIs). To improve the problems of output devices that directly apply sound pressure to RW, acoustic bellows type RW transducer (ABRT) was implemented by combining a small bellows, an acoustic tube, and a balanced armature driver (BA). The output characteristics of the proposed ABRT were confirmed through bench-tested and distortion measurement. To compare the vibration transmission characteristics of ABRT with sound pressure stimulation devices, a cadaveric experiment was performed using 4 human temporal bones. As a result of the comparison, unlike the sound pressure stimulation device, ABRT delivered vibration consistently without reducing the sound pressure level due to leakage. Therefore, ABRT can be evaluated as a more stable and suitable output device for RW-MEIs than a sound pressure stimulation device. These results are expected to overcome the limitations of sound pressure stimulation devices and are expected to contribute to new technical solutions in the field of RW-MEIs.
Evaluation of drought-tolerant varieties based on root system architecture in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Guo Congcong , Zhu Lingxiao , Sun Hongchun , Han Qiucheng , Wang Shijie , Zhu Jijie , Zhang Yongjiang , Zhang Ke , Bai Zhiying , Li Anchang , Liu Liantao , Li Cundong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:Root system architecture (RSA) exhibits significant genetic variability and is closely associated with drought tolerance. However, the evaluation of drought-tolerant cotton varieties based on RSA in the field conditions is still unclear.Results:So, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of drought tolerance based on physiological and morphological traits (i.e., aboveground and RSA, and yield) within a rain-out shelter, with two water treatments: well-watered (75 ± 5% soil relative water content) and drought stress (50 ± 5% soil relative water content). The results showed that principal component analysis identified six principal components, including highlighting the importance of root traits and canopy parameters in influencing drought tolerance. Moreover, the systematic cluster analysis were used to classify 80 varieties into 5 categories, including drought-tolerant varieties, weak drought-tolerant varieties, intermediate varieties, and weak drought-sensitive varieties, drought-sensitive varieties. Further validation of the drought tolerance index showed that the yield drought tolerance index and biomass drought tolerance index of the drought-tolerant varieties were 8.97 and 5.05 times higher than those of the drought-sensitive varieties, respectively.Conclusions:The RSA of drought-tolerant varieties was characterised by a significant increase in average length-all lateral roots, a significant decrease in average lateral root emergence angle and a moderate root/shoot ratio. In contrast, the drought-sensitive varieties showed a significant decrease in average length-all lateral roots and a significant increase in both average lateral root emergence angle and root/shoot ratio. It is therefore more comprehensive and accurate to assess field crop drought tolerance by considering root performance.
Optimal Configuration of energy Storage in New Energy Stations Considering Battery Life Cycle
Authors: Tian Chunsun , Liu Mingyang , Zhang Di , Liu Fangbing , Gao Ze 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

In order to analyze the energy storage benefits and their impact on new energy stations throughout their entire life cycle, a new energy station energy storage optimization method considering the power supply life cycle is proposed. Firstly, based on the operational characteristics of energy storage in new energy stations, a revenue model and a cost model are established for the energy storage system; Secondly, by taking the constraints of each energy output in the new energy station into account, with the goal of maximizing investment return, an objective function is established by considering the entire life cycle of the battery, and the improved Grey wolf optimization algorithm is used to solve the objective function; Finally, the configuration of 10MW/20MWh energy storage is used as an example to verify the proposed method. The results show that the optimized new energy station has significantly improved the phenomenon of wind and light abandonment, and the net income of energy storage has been increased.
Radiomic signatures for the non-invasive prediction of EGFR mutation status in brain metastases of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yu Liheng , Sun Linlin , Zhu Li , Chen Weiqiang , Luan Shihai , Li Qiang , He Pengbo , Yu Zekuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation exists in approximately 50% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and is crucial for predicting response to targeted therapies. An increasing number of patients with lung adenocarcinoma have brain metastases (BMs) at diagnosis or later develop BMs. The study aimed to establish a non-invasive radiomics model for distinguishing EGFR mutation status in BMs and investigating the predictive performance of four MR sequences. 122 patients diagnosed with BMs of lung adenocarcinoma (57 mutant EGFR patients and 65 wild-type EGFR patients) were enrolled in the study. 960 features were extracted from contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI), fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), and contrast-enhanced susceptibility-weighted imaging (CE-SWI) sequences separately. 27 key radiomics features were selected after feature selection. The prediction performance of different machine learning models was evaluated and the model of four MR sequences was constructed using the SVM classifier. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were used to evaluate our model performance. Our CE-T1WI + FLAIR + DWI + CE-SWI sequence model achieved the best performance with ACC reaching 0.9167, AUC reaching 0.9720, Sensitivity reaching 0.9167, and Specificity reaching 0.9015. It was significantly higher than the CE-T1WI model (ACC:0.7917, AUC:0.8631), CE-T1WI + FLAIR model (ACC:0.9167, AUC:0.9231) and CE-T1WI + FLAIR + DWI model (ACC:0.8333, AUC:0.9371) in the testing set. Our CE-T1WI + FLAIR + DWI + CE-SWI model can serve as an effective tool to predict the EGFR mutation status in BMs of lung adenocarcinoma and be conducive to guiding patient treatment strategies.