bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of 1.5-mm Locking Plate Fixation for 30 Radial and Ulnar Fractures in Dogs
Authors: Swepson Ryan , Crowley James , Glyde Mark , de Bruyn Brett , Wills Dan , Beierer Lucas , Newman Mark , Tan Chris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs that underwent radial and ulnar fracture repair using 1.5-mm locking plate systems.
Study Design Dogs that had radial and ulnar fractures repaired using 1.5-mm locking compression plate systems at four referral hospitals were retrospectively included. Signalment, body weight, fracture aetiology, fracture location and configuration, radius diameter, plate–bone ratio, repair method, clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications, and time to last follow-up were recorded.
Results Thirty fractures in 28 dogs were included. Median body weight was 2.4 kg (range 1.3–5.5 kg). The mean length of the proximal segment relative to the total length of the radius was 67% (range 33–93%). The mean diameter of the radius at its isthmus was 4.9 mm (range 3.1–6.1 mm). The mean plate–bone ratio was 64% (range 48–89%). Radiographic union was documented in 29/30 fractures at a median of 8 weeks postoperatively. Of the cases with long-term follow-up available, 21/24 had a full function and 3/24 had an acceptable function. Five complications occurred, including infection (n = 2), screw migration (n = 1), bandage sores (n = 1), and peri-plate fracture (n = 1).
Conclusion In this population of miniature and toy-breed dogs, 1.5-mm locking plates provided effective fixation for radial and ulnar fractures. Despite complications in 5/30 fractures, radial union occurred in 29/30, and no dog had an unacceptable function at the last follow-up.
A flexible PI/MXene triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and motion monitoring in table tennis
Authors: Xu Dazhong , Ma Xiaoxin , Ma Yong 
Published: January 2025

Electrospun materials are ideal substrates for wearable devices, offering high surface area, porosity, and mechanical flexibility. A polyimide/MXene (MXene) spinning film and cellulose acetate/polyamide 6 were used to fabricate a triboelectric nanogenerator (PC-TENG) for efficient mechanical energy harvesting. The results identify 5% MXene as the optimal weight fraction, achieving maximum performance by balancing material properties for enhanced energy conversion. The PC-TENG achieves a peak power output of 1.16 mW at an optimal load resistance of 10 MΩ. While the open-circuit voltage (VOC, ∼105 V) and transferred charge (QSC, ∼63.14 nC) remain stable across 2–6 Hz, the short-circuit current (ISC) increases significantly from 14.91 μA at 2 Hz to 41.41 μA at 6 Hz. A strong linear correlation between applied force and output performance is observed, with VOC rising from 63.41 V at 10 N to 148.14 V at 50 N, ISC from 7.31 to 17.98 μA, and QSC from 29.69 to 69.73 nC, demonstrating the device’s potential for precise force sensing. Integration into a table tennis paddle highlights its applicability in real-time sports monitoring, while its frequency-responsive current output underscores adaptability to dynamic sensing scenarios. This research demonstrates the PC-TENG’s potential for efficient energy harvesting and dynamic sensing, offering innovative solutions for self-powered devices and monitoring systems.
Development of millimeter-scaled ultrasonic haptic module based on PMUT phased array with a noticeable touch sensation in centimeter-range
Authors: Xie Danni , Yang Haolin , Lyu Haochen , Gu Yuandong Alex , Zhang Songsong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we reported a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) phased array with a millimeter-scaled acoustic aperture to achieve a perceptible haptic sensation from up to 1.5 cm distance away. As indicated by feedback from 18 volunteers, a threshold acoustic pressure of about 2955 Pa was first reported to be necessary to achieve a noticeable haptic sensation on hand. The designed PMUT phased array with an area of 1 cm2 and an operating frequency of 194.3 kHz produced an acoustic pressure of 3661.7 Pa at 1 cm, which is higher than that reported so far for PMUT modules used for haptic sensing. This value far exceeded the above threshold and was sufficient to produce haptic sensations. The beam focusing capability of the phased array is noteworthy. The acoustic pressure at the focal point after focusing is 284% of that without focusing. Finally, the lateral modulation on the beam focusing trajectory was implemented and the minimum haptic threshold pressure was effectively reduced by 20%. With its capability to generate unparalleled acoustic pressure with only a miniaturized footprint, the presented module validates the potential of PMUT-based ultrasonic haptic sensing technology for applications such as virtual reality and augmented reality.
Study on electroaerodynamic characteristics of helium plasma jet under repetitive nanosecond pulsed discharge excitation
Authors: Wang Manyu , Li Pengfei , Han Ruoyu , Chen Xi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the aerodynamic characteristics of the He plasma jet under nanosecond pulse needle-ring discharge excitation (dielectric-barrier), and the influence of typical pulse parameters on the flow field is preliminarily ascertained. Schlieren photography is employed to visualize the flow field of the jet, and dynamic processes from plasma generation to post-discharge evolution are recorded in detail by a high-speed camera. The visualized images reveal a transition from a laminar to a turbulent region in the flow field outside the tube following discharge excitation. The turning point (turbulent vortex) propagates at a speed of m s−1. The results show that a higher driving voltage leads to an earlier onset of the turbulent vortex and further shortens the laminar zone length, with a maximum reduction of 36%. The turbulent vortex dynamics gradually diminish as the frequency increases, resulting in a maximum 30% reduction in the laminar zone length after the cumulative effect of several cycles. Also, the impact of the pulse width parameter on the flow field is minimal. By observing the changes in the distribution of gas temperature under different discharge parameters, it is concluded that the thermal effect is the main factor influencing the kinetic process of the flow field.
Advancements in 2D blood vessel angiography using magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging
Authors: Zhao Fanzhe , Li Yanhong , Liu Guoqiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Based on the thermoacoustic (TA) effect of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we propose a novel TA imaging method for 2D vascular distribution mapping under a single-pulse magnetic field. By numerically simulating the forward problem, we model the propagation process of the TA signal, incorporating gradient-concentration MNPs to demonstrate the functional imaging capabilities of MTA. We constructed a 2D vessel model based on real vessels for the inverse problem. By comparing the filtered inverse projection algorithm with the time-reversal method, we verified the feasibility of reconstructing the vessel model image using magnetic-thermo-imaging. One major innovation of this work is the development and use of a 16-channel array ultrasound (US) transducer (16-CAUT) with a center frequency of 2.25 MHz. This device represents a significant advancement, achieving a spatial resolution of 0.35 mm in vascular phantoms for the first time. Additionally, we investigated the effect of different US transducer sampling numbers on image quality. We evaluated the image metrics using root mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity. contrast-to-noise ratio and full width at half maximum were also evaluated for different filtering levels. Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of bilateral filtering, a post-filtering method suited for time-reversal image reconstruction. This method is particularly effective at preserving edges while removing background noise, due to its capability to handle the boundary inversion of the acoustic source. Experimentally, our magneto-thermo-acoustic imaging platform achieved high contrast and a spatial resolution greater than 0.35 mm, demonstrating the potential to assist in image monitoring for vascular thrombolysis therapy.
All-dielectric metasurfaces: generating optical vortices through quasi-bound states in the continuum and thermal tunability
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Jia Nan , Su Ming Rui , Qi Yunping , Ren Qun , You Jian Wei , Pang Yanwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When the in-plane inversion symmetry is broken, it leads to intercoupling between free space and the eigenmodes, thereby establishing a radiation channel for bound states in the continuum (BICs). Consequently, BIC evolve into quasi-BIC (q-BICs), which are protected by symmetry. The q-BIC then forms a Pancharatnam–Berry phase upon induction of its topological phase by a Gaussian circularly polarized wave. This process results in an optical vortex (OV) with a topological charge l = +2. Creation of this OV does not require an exact geometric center, thereby addressing the challenge of beam alignment and obviating the need for a precise unit design. Considering this, the designed metasurface holds extensive potential for future applications in nonlinear optics, imaging, sensing, and measurement.
Sharp interface limit of a two-time scale phase field model of a binary mixture
Authors: Lebedev V G , Ankudinov V E , Kropotin N V , Provatas N , Galenko P K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Due to its analytical flexibility and thermodynamic consistency, the phase field methodology is widely used in the analysis of equilibrium states and transformation between phases. The present review is devoted to a class of hyperbolic phase field models, which applies to slow and fast phase transformations. Focusing on the example of solidification of metastable liquid, an analysis is presented for the important procedure of reducing the diffuse interface to the sharp interface. An asymptotic analysis is discussed for application to solidifying binary mixture with diffuse phase interface under arbitrary concentration of species and isothermal and isobaric conditions. The analysis reveals that the hyperbolic phase field model can be mapped onto the known hyperbolic Stefan problem within the sharp interface limit. This result, together with the common tangent construction, allows us to analyze (i) nonequilibrium effects in the form of solute trapping and (ii) the complete transition from the diffusion-limited to the diffusionless (chemically partitionless) solidification at finite interface velocity. A comparison with other theoretical models is summarized and a discussion, which is attributed to experimental results, is given.
Enhancing the electroactive β-phase of PVDF filaments via feedstock processing
Authors: Ali Fawad , Parvez Imran , Albakri Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a smart piezoelectric material with remarkable properties, offering vast potential for applications in areas such as energy harvesting, biomedical devices, and sensors. Among its various crystalline phases, the β-phase is the most electroactive, characterized by high dielectric properties. Recently, PVDF has been processed using 3D printing due to the technology’s ability to fabricate complex and intricate structures, along with advantages such as design flexibility, material efficiency, and rapid prototyping. While the β-phase content in PVDF is often enhanced through additives or post-processing, limited attention has been given to the role of feedstock preparation and extrusion parameters in phase enhancement. In this study, we investigated how feedstock preparation and extrusion parameters influence the β-phase content of PVDF, aiming to optimize its piezoelectric properties for 3D printing applications. PVDF filaments were produced using two different methods: direct extrusion from PVDF pellets and a solution-based process involving dissolution in a solvent, followed by extrusion. Phase content, structural changes, and thermal stability were assessed using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Results show that feedstock processing conditions significantly impact the crystallinity and β-phase concentration in PVDF filaments. Notably, solution-processed PVDF exhibited a higher β-phase concentration compared to the pellet-based method, suggesting that this approach may enhance piezoelectric performance. This study highlights the importance of feedstock processing techniques as a means of tailoring the electroactive properties of PVDF for advanced 3D-printed applications.
Influence of SiO2/C nanoparticles on specific strength and stiffness in agro-waste reinforced polymer composites: experimental and numerical investigations
Authors: Singh Jasminder , Gupta Akash , Singh Manjeet , Saini J S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Effective and advanced management methods are needed to utilize agricultural waste residue. The present study highlights the effectiveness of nanoparticles in strengthening of composites and repurposing agro-waste into sustainable materials. SiO2/C nanoparticles (NPs) were developed using the sol–gel technique. The influence of NPs on the specific strength and specific modulus (ranging from 0.1 wt% to 0.5 wt%) was investigated in the paddy straw as per ASTM standards. At a loading of 0.4 wt% nanoparticles, the composite exhibited a 69.9% increase in specific strength and a 50.4% increase in specific stiffness compared to the neat paddy straw composite. This improvement is attributed to the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles, which promotes even stress distribution and strengthens interfacial bonding between the fibers and matrix. Moreover, the tensile properties of the composites were also determined using the Finite Element Method (FEM), a computational technique that simulates the response of the material to physical forces which were further compared with the experimental findings.
Performance analysis and eco-friendly design of all-inorganic 2D/3D multi-junction perovskite tandem solar cells with 28.15% efficiency
Authors: Bankura Swagata , Biswas Abhijit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multi-junction tandem solar cells hold great potential as advanced photovoltaic devices for achieving superior solar energy conversion efficiency. In this study, we leverage device simulation techniques to thoroughly investigate the performance of a lead-free all-inorganic perovskite tandem solar cell. Our proposed device incorporates a two-dimensional perovskite absorber in the top cell (ITO/WS2/Cs3Bi2I9/Cu2O) and a three-dimensional perovskite absorber in the bottom cell (ITO/WS2/RbGeI3/Cu2O/Au). This design strategy is meticulously tailored to ensure optimal light absorption across the visible solar spectrum. By utilizing a standard AM 1.5G spectrum and a filtered spectrum for the top and bottom cells, respectively, coupled with thickness optimization to achieve current matching conditions, we propose a champion tandem structure. Notably, the champion tandem cell, featuring top and bottom cell thicknesses of 900 nm and 263 nm, respectively, exhibits improved performance metrics: a power conversion efficiency of 28.15%, a fill factor of 88.67%, a short-circuit current density of 14.30 mA cm−2, and an open-circuit voltage of 2.22 V. The obtained results indicate a significant advancement in enhancing the efficiency of eco-friendly perovskite solar cells.
Nonclassical effects in the repeated noisy measurement of photon number
Authors: Luis Alfredo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We look for nonclassical effects in the parallel repeated noisy measurement of photon number carried out via beam splitting. We utilize an inversion procedure to extract the noiseless photon-number statistics from each of the two measurements by removing the extra uncertainty. Nonclassicality emerges when the so inverted joint distribution takes negative values. As a necessary condition, we find that the field states must be nonclassical in the Glauber-Sudarshan criterion. We also find a nonclassical phenomenon based on correlations of measurement results satisfied by all states different from vacuum.
Relativistic theory of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a moving interface
Authors: Chen Jiangwei , Qiu Xu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we shall show that, referring to general relativity and Fermat’s principle, in material media, the usual definition of interval should be modified to correctly describe behaviors of an electromagnetic wave obliquely traveling through an interface. Correspondingly, the modified Lorentz transformations (MLTs, in which speed of light in vacuum is replaced by phase speed of electromagnetic wave in the material medium involved) are proposed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that, based on MLTs of both 4-dimensional wave vectors (4-DWVs) and electromagnetic field tensors (EMFTs), at a moving interface, boundary condition equations, and then laws of reflection and refraction may be derived. The later can also be self-consistently obtained by applying Snell’s law, Fresnel’s law and MLTs of both 4-DWVs and EMFTs. This work provides a possible candidate for solution of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a moving interface, which may be helpful to deepen the understanding of foundations of electrodynamics of moving media.
Influence of different Irradiation sources on the photocatalytic degradation of Rh-6G dye using g-C3N4 photocatalyst
Authors: Sekar Ilakiya , Soundhariya S , Paramasivam Thangadurai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The g-C3N4 nanosheet photocatalyst was synthesized by a pyrolysis method. The g-C3N4 nanosheets were used in the photocatalytic degradation of Rh-6G dye under three different light sources: sunlight, UV, and visible light. Its degradation efficiency to photodegrade the Rh-6G dye under these light sources was investigated. The sunlight showed the best degradation efficiency of 97.1% within 45 min, whereas the UV and visible light showed 98.5% and 90.1% efficiency in 300 min and 720 min, respectively. The ·OH radical generation during the photocatalysis was analyzed using PL emission spectroscopy, and the hydroxyl radicals were so rapidly generated under sunlight compared to the other two radiations, and therefore, the g-C3N4 showed the best degradation under sunlight. A thorough investigation on the type of active species contributed to the photodegradation, and a recyclability study was also done and g-C3N4 morphology were analyzed before and after three consecutive cycles for three different irradiation sources. The degradation of Rh-6G’s primary m/z value of 443 to lower m/z values is evidence of the possibilities of CO2 and H2O. These results have good potential for further improving photocatalytic application-oriented research for having a sustainable environment.
Periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions of Kundu equation
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , Guo Yuli , Zhang Xue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The periodic wave solutions of the Kundu equation with cubic-quintic nonlinearity and the evolutionary relations of these solutions with the Hamilton system energy which corresponds to their amplitude are investigated in this paper. The analytical approaches, based on the first-integral and some suitable transformations, are used in this paper to find all seven groups of elliptic function periodic wave solutions for this equation under different conditions. All nine pairs of solitary wave solutions for the studied equation are also given in the paper under various parameters, and many of them we provided are new. This is done by investigating the evolutional limits of these periodic wave solutions in terms of the Hamiltonian energy and straightforwardly applying the analytical approach starting from the first-integral. The connection between the Hamiltonian energy of the system and the periodic wave solution, the solitary wave solution of the system is established. From the analysis, it is clear that the Hamiltonian energy of the dynamic system with varied values taking in diverse ranges is the key factor for the appearance of periodic or solitary wave solutions to the Kundu equation, and the Hamiltonian energy is corresponded by the amplitudes of these solutions.
Efficient solar trapping with vanadium oxide hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kumar Kapil , Giri Pushpa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Proper selection of the hole transport material is essential for improving the stability of perovskite solar cell devices under open environmental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a hole material that can resist moisture absorption and shows a less hygroscopic tendency compared to other organic/inorganic hole materials. Vanadium oxide (V2O5) exhibits these desirable properties. In this research, the primary focus is to analyze the performance of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) and methyl ammonium antimony iodide (MA3Sb2I9) perovskite solar cells with the hole transport layer (HTL) as Vanadium Oxide (V2O5). FAPbI3 and MA3Sb2I9 are lead and lead-free materials respectively. Numerical simulator SCAPS-1D software has been utilized for analyzing the effect of V2O5 on their performance efficiency under the photo illumination of AM1.5G. Incorporation of V2O5 as an HTL in FAPbI3 and MA3Sb2I9 based perovskite solar cells resulted in performance efficiency of 25.04% and 7.07% respectively at optimized simulation parameters (ETL (50 nm)/perovskite layer(350 nm)/HTL (300 nm)). The optimized PSCs configurations ITO/ZnO/FAPbI3/V2O5/Au and ITO/ZnO/ MA3Sb2I9/V2O5/Au shows open circuit voltage (Voc), current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF) values of 1.29 V, 23.08 mA cm−2, 84.06% and 1.31 V, 6.77 mA cm−2, 79.10% respectively. In the meantime, the effect of perovskite layer thickness, the effect of hole/electron layer (HTL/ETL) thickness, the impact of perovskite layer doping, and the effect of temperature variations have also been analyzed. The thorough analysis of the proposed device provides a reference for the future development of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells using V2O5 as an HTL.
Enhancing performance of AlGaN deep-UV LEDs by p-Al0.6Ga0.4 N/p-GaN thin-wells superlattice as hole injection layer
Authors: Yang Pan , Kong Lijing , Gao Na , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong , Zhang Rong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The low carrier injection efficiency and the efficiency droop at high current injection have seriously affected the optoelectronic performance of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet LEDs. In this work, we propose the deep-UV LED incorporating the p-Al0.6Ga0.4N/p-GaN superlattice with thin wells (1 nm) as the hole injection layer to improve carrier injection efficiency and optoelectronic performance of the device. Theoretical simulations show an enhancement of the hole concentration in the quantum wells, which increased by one order of magnitude with the designed p-type superlattice structure due to the induced strong polarization field. In contrast to the traditional p-type Al0.6Ga0.4N structure, the radiative recombination rate of the p-Al0.6Ga0.4N/p-GaN superlattice increases by approximately 8 times. Furthermore, the sharp drop in internal quantum efficiency at the high current density is significantly suppressed. This work provides valuable insights for designing and implementing high-efficiency deep ultraviolet LEDs.