bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glasgow Coma Scale Score on 28-Day Mortality in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multi-center Retrospective Study Based on the eICU Collaborative Research Database
Authors: Xiu Guanghui , Wei Qimei , Sang Shuping , Wang Qipeng , Cai Fei , Liu Ping , Ling Bing , Li Xiuling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives To determine the effect of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on 28-day mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Methods ARDS patients were enrolled from the eICU-CRD and stratified into survival and death groups based on 28-day survival.The primary predictor was the GCS score, which incorporates component scores for eyes, verbal, and motor responses, and a severity score (mild: 13-15, moderate: 9-12, severe: 3-8). A binary logistic regression model was developed using a random allocation of 2/3 patients as the modelling group and the remaining 1/3 as the internal validation group, and our model was externally validated using data from the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University.
Results A total of 10,371 patients met the eligibility criteria, with a 28-day mortality rate of 27.4%. Our risk prediction model incorporated 12 variables, and the AUC for discrimination in the modeling, internal validation and external validation groups was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.82), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.78-0.81) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.71-0.88), respectively, indicating favorable discrimination and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow P=0.466).
Conclusions Our study revealed that the individual components of the GCS (verbal, eyes, motor) and the severity score (mild, moderate, severe) demonstrated comparable predictive effects to the total GCS score.
Nivolumab as Second-Line Therapy Improves Survival in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sanai Faisal M. , Odah Hassan O. , Alshammari Kanan , Alzanbaqi Adnan , Alsubhi Murooj , Tamim Hani , Alolayan Ashwaq , Alshehri Ahmed , Alqahtani Saleh A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Limited data exists for the efficacy and outcomes of nivolumab as a second-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in patients with uHCC who experienced disease progression during sorafenib treatment.
Methods
In this retrospective, observational, multicenter study, adult Child-Turcotte-Pugh A/7B patients with uHCC who tolerated sorafenib therapy but showed disease progression switched to second-line intravenous nivolumab (n = 42). A similar number of consecutive, unselected patients who were maintained on sorafenib therapy, regardless of tumoral response or progression, served as historical controls (n = 38). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS, defined as the time from starting sorafenib in either group up to death due to any cause) and analyzed by intention-to-treat.
Results
The mean age of the overall cohort was 72.4 ± 10.1 years, of whom 87.5% were males, and 58.8% had underlying viral etiology. Patients in the two cohorts were similar, except those who received nivolumab had more co-morbidities (70.0% vs. 15.4%), ECOG-2 status (21.4% vs. 15.8%), BCLC stage C (81.0% vs. 47.4%), and extravascular invasion (54.4% vs. 21.8%) (P < 0.05 for all). More patients in the nivolumab arm were Child-Turcotte-Pugh B (35.7% vs. 21.1%, P = 0.15). Median OS was 22.2 months (95% CI: 8.9–49.8) in second-line nivolumab and 11.0 months (95% CI: 3.6–18.4) in sorafenib alone (HR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.1–3.3, P = 0.014). Median OS after starting nivolumab was 10.2 months, and time-to-progression was 4.9 months (95% CI: 3.2–6.3).
Conclusion
Nivolumab is an effective second-line treatment option in patients with uHCC who progress on sorafenib, with significantly improved OS. These early real-life data offer encouraging results, similar to those shown in Phase I/IIa clinical trials. Further investigations are warranted for the use of nivolumab as a monotherapy.
Inflammation in Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of Cervical spine:Monocytes increased significantly
Authors: Wu Hao , Wang Longqing , Ye Cheng , Chen Qing , Xie Dong , Zhao Qi , Shi Mingliang , Niu Baocheng , Yang Lili 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the expression of inflammatory cells in patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Cervical spine (COPLL), and to explore the relationship between inflammation and COPLL.
Methods: The study included 215 patients with OPLL and 184 control patients without COPLL. For the case-control analysis, 147 patients with COPLL and 147 demographically matched control patients without COPLL were included through PSM. The Leukocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hs-CRP, EMR, and NLR were assessed. Furthermore, the relationship between the inflammatory cells and the extent of COPLL was analyzed.The data were also compared between the patients with different types of COPLL.
Results: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the COPLL group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The hs-CRP in the continuous types ofCOPLL group was significantly higher than that in other subtypes. No correlation was found between any of the biomarkers and the extent of ossification.
Conclusion: Compared with patients with simple cervical spondylosis, mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood of patients with cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification are significantly higher, suggesting that patients with cervical posterior longitudinal ligament ossification may be accompanied by a special inflammatory response.
Fe3O4@Chitosan@ZIF-8@RVG29, an Anti-Glioma Nanoplatform Guided By Fixed and Activated By Alternating Magnetic Field
Authors: Savari Mohammad-Nabil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing anti-Glioma Nanoplatforms. They make the all-in-one combination of therapies possible. Here we show how the selective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell killing of the here-established nanoplatforms increased after each coating and how the here-established vibration-inducing Alternating magnetic field (AMF) decreased the treatment time from 72 hours to 30 seconds. Thanks to their magnetite core, these nanoplatforms can be guided to the tumor's specific site by a Fixed magnetic field, they bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and accumulate at the tumor site thanks to the RVG29 bonding to the G-protein on the ion-gated channel receptor known as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR), which expresses on BBB cells and overexpresses on GBM cells, and thanks to the positive charge gained by both chitosan and RVG29's peptide. Both ZIF-8 and its mediate adherence, Chitosan increases the drug loading capacity that stimuli response to the tumor's acidic environment. The Zn2+ ions generated from ZIF-8 sustained degradation in such an environment kill the GBM cells. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) evaluated these nanoplatform's size under 250nm indicating their compatibility with brain applications. Based on their elements' intrinsic properties, these nanoplatforms can enhance and combine other adjuvant therapies.
Education Loss After Natural Disasters and the Potential Exacerbation Through Reconstruction
Authors: Lv Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Natural disasters pose substantial risks to human capital and economic development, a threat further exacerbated by the escalating impacts of climate change. To deepen our understanding of how natural disasters can impact education, I conducted an analysis of the effect of the 2006 Yogyakarta Earthquake on total years of education and the likelihood of completing various educational levels. This was achieved through a difference-in-difference strategy, leveraging variations in earthquake damage across birth cohorts and geographic locations at the subdistrict level while accounting for individual migration history. Among boys, the results reveal a reduction of 1.2–2.6 years in education, translating to a 10–20% decrease in the sample average. The probability of an individual completing senior high school decreases by 6 to 10 percentage points, accounting for a 6.5–10% reduction in the sample average. No significant effect is observed among girls. Examination of employment and occupational changes before and after the earthquake suggests that boys may have left school for work and actively participated in reconstruction efforts following the earthquake due to higher-paid work opportunities. This dynamic potentially explains the observed reduction in their educational attainments. An analysis of economic activities in affected communities revealed a short-term growth spurt, as indicated by changes in nighttime light patterns before and after the earthquake at the community level. This growth, however, appeared to be temporary. While short-lived opportunities for employment in reconstruction efforts may generate immediate economic benefits, they also carry the potential risk of causing lasting human capital loss.
JEL: Q54, I25, J24, N35, H84
Assessing soil organic carbon and its relation with biophysical and ecological parameters in Tropical Reserve Forest Ecosystem, India
Authors: Kumar Pavan , Sajjad Haroon , Srivast Prashant Kumar , Kumari Preeti , Dobriyal Manmohan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Organic matter in soil is an essential parameter for assessing the various agrodynamic properties of soils. The paper makes an attempt to assess the level of soil organic carbon (SOC) and analyze its relationship with biophysical parameters in Sariska Tiger Reserve (STR), India. SOC was predicted from normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) pixel values of Sentinel 2A data. Two ecological parameters namely NDVI and bare soil index (BSI) and one biophysical parameter namely soil pH were executed to determine their relationship with SOC. A total of 30 samples were collected through stratified random sampling. Regression analysis was performed between estimated and predicted SOC. Findings of this study can effectually be utilized for conservation and management of Sariska Tiger Reserve. The methodology will retrofit better policy implementation for maintaining the health of forest species in STR and can be applied on other Reserve forest of socio-ecological significance.
Engineering of a photosynthetic diazotroph as biofertilizer for efficient nitrogen fixation powered by sunlight
Authors: Zeng Yan , Wang Mengmei , Yu Yunkai , Wang Lida , Cui Lingwei , Li Chang , Liu Ying , Zheng Yanning 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Photosynthetic diazotrophs expressing iron-only (Fe-only) nitrogenase can be developed into a promising biofertilizer, as it can accomplish the energy-intensive process of nitrogen fixation by light energy and is independent on the molybdenum availability in the soil. However, the expression of Fe-only nitrogenase in diazotrophs is repressed by the fixed nitrogen of the soil, limiting the efficiency of nitrogen fixation in farmland with low ammonium concentrations that are inadequate for sustainable crop growth.
Results
We succeeded in constitutively expressing the Fe-only nitrogenase even in the presence of ammonium by controlling the transcription of Fe-only nitrogenase gene cluster (anfHDGK) with the transcriptional activator of Mo nitrogenase (NifA*) in several different ways, indicating that the engineered NifA* strains can be used as promising chassis cells for efficient expression of different types of nitrogenases. When applied as a biofertilizer, the engineered Rhodopseudomonas palustris effectively stimulated rice growth, contributing to the reduced use of chemical fertilizer and the development of sustainable agriculture.
Conclusion
We developed the engineered R. palustris strains that constitutively express Fe-only nitrogenase in the presence of ammonium for the first time. These R. palustris strains driven by sunlight can be used as efficient nitrogen biofertilizers.
Periodic-chaotic alternating regimes during a fast solar metric-radio pulsation event
Authors: Mendez Adolfo L. , Ventura Angel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the magnetically dominated corona, loop-like structures are expected to undergo pulsating events which are highly structured in time and classified into different types from strictly periodic to irregular. In the case of periodic pulsations, they differ in their characteristic period: from tens of minutes (associated with global large-scale structure oscillations) to milliseconds (fast oscillations associated with a small local scale). These pulsations are strongly related to the basic physical properties of the solar corona and the evolution of magnetic loop-like structures that make up the entire solar atmosphere. This contribution describes a real-world scenario where a route to chaos and reverse processes take place. We examine the dynamic characteristics of a group of a train of pulsations at metric waveband solar radio emission as it evolves in time. The associated time series was recorded with the radio polarimeter of the INAF Trieste Astronomical Observatory, Basovizza Station on April 17, 2002, with a resolution time of 10 ms. Possible scenarios and mechanisms for the observed deterministic-chaos alternating regimes are discussed.
Meningitis Screening in Young Infants Based on a Novel, Non- Invasive, Transfontanellar Ultrasound Device: a Proof-of- Concept Study
Authors: Ajanovic Sara , Jobst Beatrice , Jiménez Javier , Quesada Rita , Santos Fabiao , Lopez-Azorín Manuela , Valverde Eva , Ybarra Marta , Bravo M. Carmen , Petrone Paula , Sial Hassan , Muñoz David , Agut Thais , Salas Barbara , Carreras Nuria , Alarcón Ana , Iriondo Martín , Luaces Carles , Ibáñez Alberto , Parrilla Montserrat , Elvira Luis , Calvo Cristina , Pellicer Adelina , Cabañas Fernando , Bassat Quique 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening disease if not promptly diagnosed and treated. Clinical presentation is often unspecific, especially among young infants and newborns, justifying the need to perform lumbar punctures (LP) to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for a laboratory-based confirmation. In high-income settings, LPs are often part of the protocolized systematic approach to screen for meningitis. Given its relatively low incidence, most are not confirmatory. The aim of this study was to validate a novel transfontanellar ultrasound-based technique to screen for meningitis, designed to non-invasively identify ranges of white blood cells (WBC) in CSF, to be used on patients with criteria for a LP.
Methods
We prospectively recruited patients under one year of age, with suspected meningitis, a permeable fontanelle and a LP performed within 24h before enrolment, from three Spanish University Hospitals (2021–2023). Images showing the backscatter pattern from CSF were obtained using a customized high-resolution (HR) ultrasonic probe. A deep-learning model (DL) was trained to classify CSF patterns according to WBC values obtained through the LP, setting a 30 cells/mm3 threshold to differentiate controls from cases.
Results
We obtained a set of 781 HR CSF images from 16 targeted and recruited patients. In parallel, 17 LPs were performed, confirming 6 meningitis cases (one patient had a second LP to verify response to treatment) which were paired to 445 CSF frames, and 10 controls, with 336 CSF images. After training the DL model, the device showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90% at patients' level, with one control misclassified.
Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study confirmed that our device, based on ultrasound and DL, could potentially be used as an automated screening method to modulate indications to perform LPs.
Curtobacterium salicis name sp. nov., isolated from willow tree stems in Washington state
Authors: Freeman John , Firrincieli Andrea , Baker Douglas , Doty Sharon 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Curtobacterium sp. strain WW7 is a Gram-positive, non-motile, orange rod-shaped bacterium isolated from branches of wild willow (Salix sitchensis) trees on nitrogen-free media. The WW7 strain shows growth in the temperature range between 4 and 30°C, a pH range of 6–7.7, and tolerates up to 5.5% (w/v) of NaCl. The genome sequencing of strain WW7 revealed a genome size of approximately 3.8 Mbp and a G + C content of 71.3 mol%. The phylogenomic analyses support the WW7 affiliation to a novel Curtobacterium lineage, with C. herbarum being the closest type-strain. Chemotaxonomic analysis indicates that WW7 capacity to assimilate carbohydrates was similar to the type strains, i.e. C. luteum, C. albidum, and C. flaccumfaciens, while no assimilation of the organic acids succinate, alpha-Ketobutyrate, mono methyl-succinate, and lactate was observed. Finally, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis identifies anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 major cellular fatty acids (FAs) which is a common feature for members of the Curtobacterium genus. Based on the results of phylogenomic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain WW7 represents a novel Curtobacterium lineage, for which the name Curtobacterium salicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WW7PP(DSM 34805PP - NRRL B-68078PP).
Keto-anthraquinone covalent organic framework for H2O2 photosynthesis with oxygen and alkaline water
Authors: Zhang Lizhi , Zhang Xiangcheng , Cheng Silian , chen Chao , Wen Xue , Miao Jie , zhou Baoxue , Long Mingce 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) photosynthesis is an attractive carbon-neutral process for decentralized applications, but suffers from insufficient activity of catalysts due to the high energy barrier of hydrogen extraction from H2O without sacrificial reagent. Herein, we report that mechanochemically synthesized keto-form anthraquinone covalent organic framework (Kf-AQ) is able to directly synthesize H2O2 with molecular oxygen and alkaline water (pH = 13) in the absence of any sacrificial reagents, with a superior production rate of 4784 µmol h− 1 g− 1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm) and an impressive apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 15.8% at 400 nm. Characterization results revealed that the strong alkalinity resulted in the formation of OH−(H2O)n clusters in water, which were first adsorbed on keto moieties of Kf-AQ and then more easily dissociated into molecular oxygen and active hydrogen with the injection of photoelectrons, because the energy barrier of hydrogen extraction from OH−(H2O)n was largely lowered by weakening the H-bonded networks of H2O molecules owing to the excessive electrons in OH−. The produced active hydrogen quickly diffused to react with anthraquinone to generate anthrahydroquinone, which was subsequently oxidized by molecular oxygen to selectively produce H2O2. This study provides a novel efficient H2O2 photosynthesis material, and also sheds light on the importance of hydrogen extraction from H2O for photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis.
Investigation of Thallium as a Contaminant in Dietary Supplements Marketed for Weight Loss and Physical Fitness
Authors: Tessele Igor , Molin Thaís R. Dal , Dognini Jocinei , Noremberg Simone , Carvalho Leandro M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Dietary supplements are drastically growing as a category of consumer products all over the world. The abuse of supplements marketed for slimming purposes and physical fitness has been observed worldwide in recent years, which raises concerns in terms of public health. In this study, different types of dietary supplements marketed and delivered through the e-commerce were studied for the determination of thallium as a hazardous inorganic contaminant. The total content of thallium was determined by a sensitive voltammetric method after a microwave-assisted oxidative digestion of the sample. In addition, a comparative spectrometric method was applied for validation of the results in the samples. The maximum concentration found for thallium was found to be 2.89 mg kg−1, which well agree with the comparative measurement. Considering the 32 studied formulations, it can be pointed out that ~ 24% of the of dietary supplements presented Tl concentrations at concentrations higher than 1 mg kg−1. The results permitted the assessment of the health risk related to thallium from contaminated samples, based on the calculation of the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the risk quotient (HQ). The highest daily intake of thallium was calculated as 82.0 µg day−1 in a protein-based supplement, which is equivalent to an EDI of 1.17 µg kg−1 day−1. This work highlights the need to develop regulations on the limits of toxic elements as thallium in widely consumed dietary supplements, as well as an in-depth look at the adverse effects caused by this element in the human body.
Knowledge and attitude of Ethiopian Parents about Paediatric Pain
Authors: Desalegn Mitiku , Shitemaw Tewoderos , Kassie Genanaw , Lemma Lire 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite the fact that mothers care for their children's pain in most cases, it has been noted that mothers have limited knowledge and attitude about pediatric pain. A significant proportion of parents hold an erroneous attitude toward postoperative pain medications out of fear of side effects. This study aims to assess parental knowledge and attitude about postoperative pediatric pain and pain medications.
Method
This is institutional based cross sectional study conducted on 82 parents at NEMMCSH. A convenience sampling technique was used to select parents. This study has used a validated questioner (PPEM and MAQs). Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyse parent’s response and presented with frequency and percentage. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the socio demographic variables predicting parental knowledge and attitude. The statistical tests were performed at 95% CI, 5% significance level.
Result
Only 21.7% of parents have good knowledge about pain, and 17.3% of parents have a good attitude about pain medication. About 78% of parents agreed that children always express pain by crying or whining. The majority of parents (75.6%) believe children who are playing are not in pain. Regarding to parental attitude about pain medications, majority of parents (61%) believe that children should be given pain medication as little as possible because of its side effects. Nearly 26.8% of parents consider that if children are given pain medication and 63.4% of parents respond that pain medication works best when it is given as little as possible. Most parents (73%) support the idea that pain medication should be given when the pain is quite bad. After multivariable analysis no variables are found to have association.
Conclusion
The overall knowledge and attitude of parents about postoperative pain and pain medication were poor. This misconception could affect effective pediatric pain management.