bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the social cost of carbon for Malaysia
Authors: Rao Thirupathi , Mustapa Siti Indati , Al-Amin Abdul Quasem , Ahmed Adeel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interest in the economics of climate change and the need to quantify a more accurate financial value of the damage caused by every additional metric tonne of greenhouse gas (GHG), known as the social cost of carbon (SCC), is growing. Governments and decision-makers have utilised SCC estimations for more than ten years in benefit-cost analysis, using insights from climate science, economics, demography, and other fields. Malaysia has committed to reduce 45% of its GHG emission intensity by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2030 compared to the 2005 level and achieve net-zero as early as the year 2050. However, current estimations of SCC are high and may negatively impact the Malaysian economy and no longer align with the latest research. To achieve its objective of net-zero emissions, the government of Malaysia must capitalise on the country's potential as a carbon sink by increasing conservation efforts in protected areas and arresting deforestation. It will establish an ideal trajectory for the SCC that aligns with its environmental obligations while supporting sustainability in the face of climate change challenges. A price on GHG emissions can help mitigate and adapt to climate change. This study aims to determine the SCC in Malaysia, fill the gap in the downscaled Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) and develop a new model called the Integrated Climate Model for Malaysia (ICLIM-2024R). The Nordhaus IAM model was downscaled using Malaysian data, including emissions from deforestation and an additional function for carbon sinks. With current policies, the SCC in the business-as-usual scenario (BAU) will be 64 USD/tCO2e in 2025 and 212 USD/tCO2e by 2050. The study recommended pathway is to increase the Totally Protected Area (TPA) of forests, which will yield a lower SCC of 23 USD/tCO2e in 2025 and 152 USD/tCO2e by 2050 compared to BAU, meeting commitments to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) as well as the Paris Agreement. The Malaysian government should urgently leverage its carbon sink potential to set Malaysia's optimal SCC, achieve its net-zero goal, and grow the climate-friendly economy by marketing lower carbon-intensity products.

Graphical Abstract
Identifying healthcare transmission routes of nontuberculous mycobacteria with whole genome sequencing: a systematic review
Authors: Schrank Spencer D. , Gozum Dale Z. , Martin Elise M. , Snyder Graham M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
To enumerate and describe the effect of whole genome sequencing (WGS) on epidemiological investigations of healthcare-associated transmission of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).

Design:
Systematic review.

Methods:
We performed a literature search using targeted search terms to identify articles meeting inclusion criteria. Data extraction of study characteristics and outcomes was performed by two independent researchers. The primary outcome was the author interpretation of WGS utility in the investigation of suspected healthcare-associated transmission of NTM. The secondary outcome was whether a transmission route was identified through WGS.

Results:
Thirty-one studies were included in the final analysis with 28 (90%) concluding that WGS was helpful in transmission investigations and in 19 of these 28 (68%) WGS aided in identifying a transmission route. The most common identified transmission routes were water-borne point sources (10), heater-cooler units (6), patient-to-patient (4), and a healthcare worker (1).

Conclusion:
WGS is an informative tool in investigating healthcare transmission of NTM.
Conditional Populist Party Support: The Role of Dissatisfaction and Incumbency
Authors: Wiesehomeier Nina , Ruth-Lovell Saskia , Singer Matthew 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Populists emerge when distrust of state institutions or dissatisfaction with democracy convince voters that claims about conspiring elites blocking the general will are valid. We propose that these dynamics change when populists are incumbents; once they command institutions, their sustained support becomes contingent upon trust in the new institutional order, and they are held accountable for making people think democracy is working well. Newly collected data on party populism and survey data from Latin America show that support for populist parties in the region is conditioned by satisfaction with democracy as well as the incumbency status of populists. Dissatisfied voters support populist opposition parties, but support for populist incumbents is higher among those satisfied with democracy and its institutions. While democratic deficits and poor governance provide openings for populists, populists are held accountable for institutional outcomes.
Academic Copaganda
Authors: Vargas Robert , Hackett David , Ortega Sebastian , Smyslovskikh Elena , Dominguez-Molina Federico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How does social science insulate police from social movements’ demand for abolition? We explore this through a content analysis of policing social science research funded by Arnold Ventures, the MacArthur Foundation, and the National Institute of Justice published from 2011 to 2022 (N = 143 studies). Our mixed method content analysis revealed what we call “Academic Copaganda,” or studies contesting social movement claims by authors (1) masking their conflicts of interest, or (2) espousing police epistemology. Although Academic Copaganda comprised 20% of studies in the sample, they received most media mentions after the 2020 police killing of George Floyd. We conclude by discussing our contributions to legal scholarship on police legitimacy and empirical critical race theory.
Beyond the Trump Presidency: The Racial Underpinnings of White Americans’ Anti-Democratic Beliefs
Authors: Ferrer Joshua , Palmisano Christopher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
How closely related are modern anti-democratic beliefs among white Americans, and to what extent are these beliefs shaped by exclusionary racial attitudes? Using data from the Political Unrest Study, the Collaborative Multiracial Post-Election Survey (CMPS), Democracy Fund + UCLA Nationscape, and the Survey of the Performance of American Elections (SPAE), we find that support for voting restrictions, opposition to voting expansions, belief in widespread voter fraud, and support for overturning democratic election results load onto a single underlying dimension. While the prevalence of anti-democratic beliefs among white Americans has remained stable over the past decade, these beliefs have become increasingly interconnected. Furthermore, racial attitudes towards out-groups—including racial resentment, anti-immigrant sentiment, and white racial grievance—strongly correlate with anti-democratic beliefs, whereas in-group racial attitudes do not. Analysis of multiple waves of the American National Election Studies (ANES) reveals that racial resentment and white grievance now explain twice as much variation in anti-democratic beliefs as they did in 2012. Experimental evidence also demonstrates that white Americans react negatively to voting expansions when the racial implications of these reforms are made explicit. These findings underscore the growing alignment between anti-democratic beliefs and racial attitudes in contemporary U.S. politics.
New Impacts on Mars: Unraveling Seismic Propagation Paths Through a Cerberus Fossae Impact Detection
Authors: Charalambous Constantinos , Pike W. Thomas , Fernando Benjamin , Wójcicka Natalia , Kim Doyeon , Froment Marouchka , Lognonné Philippe , Woodley Savana , Ojha Lujendra , Bickel Valentin T. , McNeil Joseph , Collins Gareth S. , Daubar Ingrid J. , Horleston Anna , Banerdt Bruce 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo date, eight meteoroid impacts have been identified in the seismic record of NASA's InSight mission on Mars, occurring either within 300 km or beyond 3,500 km. We report the association of a high‐frequency marsquake, S0794a, with a new 21.5‐m‐diameter impact crater discovered at an intermediate distance of 1,640 km in the tectonically active Cerberus‐Fossae graben system. This impact enables the direct comparison between surface and subsurface sources, as well as providing the first data point in the critical gap between previous impacts, both in distance and crater size. Additionally, the location of this event necessitates a reassessment of assumed seismic raypaths that were thought to propagate along a slow crustal waveguide. We find that the raypaths instead penetrate and travel through the faster mantle, implying numerous identified marsquake epicenters should be relocated up to two times farther from InSight, with implications for seismically derived impact rates and regional seismicity.
Unprecedented Summer Phytoplankton Bloom in the Ross Sea
Authors: Portela Esther , Meyer Meredith G. , Heywood Karen J. , Smith Walker O. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh‐resolution glider sampling in the southwestern Ross Sea revealed an extensive phytoplankton bloom in austral summer 2022–2023 that persisted for over one month and extended through the upper 100 m of the water column. The temporal mean euphotic‐zone chlorophyll concentration was 20.38.5 , six to nine times higher than average summer Ross Sea concentrations. The bloom was likely initially dominated by Phaeocystis, favored over diatoms due to low light and high iron availability. Our observations are consistent with an ice‐edge bloom likely fueled by iron supply and enhanced stratification from late sea‐ice melt during an anomalously high ice‐covered summer. Photoacclimation to particularly low light conditions might have enhanced Chl‐a fluorescence. In the Ross Sea, the most productive region in the Southern Ocean, understanding the drivers of this extreme bloom is crucial for predicting potential impacts of the changing climate on primary production rates and carbon sequestration.
Wave Spectral Changes in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere Related to the PEDE 2018 Dust Event on Mars Observed by MAVEN NGIMS
Authors: Nagata Noritsugu , Liu Huixin , Nakagawa Hiromu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this study, we compare responses of the thermosphere and ionosphere to a planet encircling dust event in 2018 (PEDE 2018) occurred at the beginning of June 2018, a rare event last observed in 2007. Using the data from NGIMS (Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer) instrument onboard MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) spacecraft, we examine wave signatures and their spectral changes of three neutral species (O, Ar, CO2) and three ion species (O+, O2+, CO2+). Compared to low‐dust period, the following salient features stand out: (a) Wave activities (amplitudes) are significantly enhanced in the neutral species, but with smaller enhancement in the ion species; (b) The apparent wavelengths in the neutrals shift and broaden from a range of 50–300 km to 80–400 km, with dominant wavelength shifting from 100 to 200 km; (c) The apparent wavelengths in the ions shift and broaden from a range of 80–300 km to 100–400 km, with dominant wavelength shifting from 150 km to 250–300 km; (d) The correlations among the wavelength distributions of various species are high with correlation coefficient above 0.57 during low‐dust period and above 0.69 during PEDE 2018. These observed changes in wave signatures likely reflect filtering effects caused by changes in the middle atmosphere circulation induced by the global dust storm.
Dynamics of Energetic Heliospheric Ions in Pluto's Induced Magnetosphere
Authors: Ruch Randall T. , Simon Sven , Haynes C. Michael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe present a model of the interaction between energetic heliospheric ions and Pluto's induced magnetosphere. The electromagnetic fields near the dwarf planet are highly non‐uniform, displaying extended signatures of pile‐up and draping. While the induced magnetosphere possesses a downstream extension above 100 Pluto radii, the weak interplanetary magnetic field in the outer heliosphere leads energetic ions to gyrate on comparable length scales. We obtain the three‐dimensional structure of the fields near Pluto using a hybrid model, and a particle tracing tool is applied to study the dynamics of energetic ions traveling through these fields. For multiple initial energies, we compute the ion fluxes through a plane detector downstream of Pluto. Our results are as follows: (a) Deflection by Pluto's induced magnetosphere causes highly non‐uniform perturbations in the flux pattern of energetic ions at its downstream side. These patterns include regions where the fluxes are increased or reduced by up to 40%, compared to the values in uniform fields. (b) Consistent with findings from New Horizons, the modeled perturbations gradually diminish with distance downstream of the dwarf planet out to 200 Pluto radii. (c) The deflection of the energetic ions mainly occurs within regions of Pluto's induced magnetosphere where the magnetic field is significantly enhanced, thereby causing a localized reduction in gyroradii. (d) The magnitude of the depletion in flux in our steady‐state model is weaker than seen by New Horizons; this may suggest that time‐dependent processes in Pluto's wake (e.g., bi‐ion waves) play a major role in deflecting these ions.
Retiming dynamics of harmonically mode-locked laser solitons in a self-driven optomechanical lattice
Authors: Wang Xiaocong , Wang Benhai , He Wenbin , Zhang Xintong , Huang Qi , Huang Zhiyuan , Jiang Xin , Pang Meng , Russell Philip. St. J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Harmonic mode-locking, realized actively or passively, is an effective technique for increasing the repetition rate of ultrafast lasers. It is critically important to understand how a harmonically mode-locked pulse train responds to external perturbations and noise, so as to make sure that it is stable and resistant to noise. Here, in a series of carefully designed experiments, we elucidate the retiming dynamics of laser pulses generated in a soliton fiber laser harmonically mode-locked at GHz frequencies to the acoustic resonance in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) core. We characterize the self-driven optomechanical lattice, which is distributed along the PCF and provides the structure that supports harmonic mode-locking, using a homodyne setup. We reveal that, after an abrupt perturbation, each soliton in the lattice undergoes damped oscillatory retiming within its trapping potential, while the retiming is strongly coupled to soliton dissipation. In addition, we show, through statistical analysis of the intra-cavity pulse spacing, how the trapping potentials are effective for suppressing timing jitter. The measurements and the theory developed in this work lay the groundwork for studies of the general stability and noise performance of harmonically mode-locked lasers as well as providing valuable insight into generic multi-pulse phenomena in mode-locked lasers.
Neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB protein vaccines in older adults
Authors: Yang Guo-Jian , Lu Mei , Chen Rui-Rui , Wang Shuang-Qing , Wan Sheng , Song Xue-Dong , Cao Guo-Ping , Lv Lei , He Xue-Juan , Zhan Bing-Dong , Ma Mai-Juan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of strong immune defenses against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. While COVID-19 vaccines containing XBB subvariants have proven effective in neutralizing new SARS-CoV-2 variants, a gap remains in knowledge regarding neutralizing antibody responses in older adults aged >65 years against these newly emerged variants. This study was therefore undertaken to investigate and compare neutralizing antibody responses to three XBB-containing protein-based vaccines (trivalent XBB.1.5 vaccine, bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine, and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccine) head-to-head in 90 individuals aged >65 years. The results showed that all three XBB-containing vaccines substantially enhanced the neutralizing antibody response, with 100% of vaccinees having detectable antibody titers against ancestral D614G and variants BA.5, XBB.1.5, JN.1, KP.2, and KP.3 after booster immunization. Subsequent analysis indicated that the trivalent XBB.1.5 and tetravalent XBB.1 vaccines elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies compared to the bivalent Omicron XBB vaccine. The KP.2 and KP.3 variants displayed antibody resistance comparable to the JN.1 variant. Older adults produce similar neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccines regardless of their underlying medical conditions. These findings indicate that booster vaccination with XBB-containing vaccines can effectively elicit strong neutralizing responses against a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults over 65 years, which will help guide vaccine strategies in this elderly population.
The O-glycosyltransferase C1GALT1 promotes EWSR1::FLI1 expression and is a therapeutic target for Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Banday Shahid , Mishra Alok K. , Rashid Romana , Ye Tianyi , Ali Amjad , Li Junhui , Yustein Jason T. , Kelliher Michelle A. , Zhu Lihua Julie , Deibler Sara K. , Malonia Sunil K. , Green Michael R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive bone cancer driven by the oncogenic fusion-protein EWSR1::FLI1, which is not present in normal cells and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, as a transcription factor, EWSR1::FLI1 is considered undruggable. Factors that promote EWSR1::FLI1 expression, and thus whose inhibition would reduce EWSR1::FLI1 protein levels and function, are potential drug targets. Here, using genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening, we identify C1GALT1, a galactosyltransferase required for the biosynthesis of many O-glycoproteins, as a factor that promotes EWSR1::FLI1 expression. We show that C1GALT1 acts by O-glycosylating the pivotal Hedgehog (Hh) signaling component Smoothened (SMO), thereby stabilizing SMO and stimulating the Hh pathway, which we find directly activates EWSR1::FLI1 transcription. Itraconazole, an FDA-approved anti-fungal agent that is known to inhibit C1GALT1, reduces EWSR1::FLI1 levels in ES cell lines and suppresses growth of ES xenografts in mice. Our study reveals a therapeutically targetable mechanism that promotes EWSR1::FLI1 expression and ES tumor growth.
Multiomics-based assessment of the impact of airflow on diverse plant callus cultures
Authors: Kim June-Sik , Sato Muneo , Kojima Mikiko , Asrori Muchamad Imam , Uehara-Yamaguchi Yukiko , Takebayashi Yumiko , Do Thi Nhung , Do Thi Yen , Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Mochida Keiichi , Ogita Shinjiro , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant cell culture has multiple applications in biotechnology and horticulture, from plant propagation to the production of high-value biomolecules. However, the interplay between cellular diversity and ambient conditions influences the metabolism of cultured tissues; understanding these factors in detail will inform efforts to optimize culture conditions. This study presents multiomics datasets from callus cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), rice (Oryza sativa), and two bamboo species (Phyllostachys nigra and P. bambusoides). Over four weeks, calli were cultured under continuous moisture without airflow or gradually reduced ambient moisture with airflow. For each sample, gene expression was profiled with high-throughput RNA sequencing, 442 metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography (LC) with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–QqQMS), and 31 phytohormones were quantified using ultra-performance LC coupled with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray interface (UPLC-ESI-qMS/MS) and ultra-high-performance LC–orbitrap MS (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS). These datasets highlight the impact of airflow on callus cultures, revealing differences between and within species, and provide a comprehensive resource to explore the physiology of callus growth.
Extracorporeal hyperoxygenation therapy (EHT) for CO poisoning: in vitro and in vivo feasibility of a full-scale batch system
Authors: Steuer Niklas B. , Lüken Hannah , Schlanstein Peter C. , Menne Matthias F. , Hoffmann Christiane , Lübke Cavan , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Jansen Sebastian Victor , Steinseifer Ulrich , Kopp Rüdger 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of injury and death from poisoning. The primary objective of therapy is to eliminate CO from the patient as quickly as possible to prevent acute and long-term effects. The ideal treatment is hyperbaric oxygen in a pressure chamber. However, pressure chambers are scarce, and therefore, the most common treatment is normobaric oxygen (NBO), which, however, has limited efficacy. Here, we present a full-scale batch system for extracorporeal hyperoxygenation therapy (EHT), which facilitates CO elimination extracorporeally by increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the blood. The EHT was characterized in vitro, resulting in a minimum carboxyhemoglobin half-life of 3.26 ± 0.11 min. In large animal trials the EHT reduced the median carboxyhemoglobin half-life by 42% (29.77 min EHT vs. 70.8 min control (NBO)). However, the EHT also induced oscillations in hemodynamic pressures due to changes in the animals’ circulatory volume during operation. After optimization, the EHT could be a promising option for treating CO poisoning.
Studying the impact of chitosan salicylaldehyde/schiff base/CuFe2O4 in PC3 cells via theoretical studies and inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling
Authors: Elsayed Ghada H. , Fahim Asmaa M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this elucidation, the nucleophilic attack of salicyladehyde with chitosan, which was obtained from the shrimp shell, afforded the cellulose aldehyde (Schiff base), and then the dispersion of CuFe2O4 on the surface of cellulose aldehyde gave the novel nanomaterial of bimetallic oxide, which was confirmed through spectral analysis such as FT-IR, NMR, SEM, and XRD analysis. Moreover, the anti-proliferative effect of chitosan, chitosan salicylaldehyde, and chitosan salicylaldehyde/CuFe2O4 was evaluated in PC3 human prostate cancer cells and HSF normal human skin fibroblasts. After 48 h, PC3 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by chitosan salicylaldehyde/CuFe2O4 and chitosan salicylaldehyde (IC50 = 35.3 and 45.55 µg/ml, respectively) without any effects on normal HSF cells. The mRNA expression levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, and CCND1 were examined in PC3-treated cells by using QRT-PCR, and the results demonstrated that, by down-regulating the expression levels of these genes, chitosan salicylaldehyde/CuFe2O4 significantly affected prostate cancer cell proliferation, progression, and autophagy more than chitosan salicylaldehyde. Furthermore, the docking stimulation of the chitosan derivatives with different proteins showed the presence of CuFe2O4 particles effect on the interaction inside their pockets and increased the activities, and it’s related to biological evaluation. Additionally, the theoretical investigation of these chitosan derivatives and the determination of their physical descriptors showed the activity of bimetallic oxide and the presence of electrostatic hydrogen bond interaction. Finally, these findings may suggest that chitosan salicylaldehyde/CuFe2O4 has a promising anticancer impact against prostate cancer.