bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
506 - Dupilumab is efficacious in patients with prurigo nodularis regardless of history of atopic comorbidities: pooled results from two phase 3 trials (LIBERTY-PN PRIME and PRIME2)
Authors: Kim Brian S , Gonçalo Margarida , Ugajin Tsukasa , Praestgaard Amy , Makhija Melanie , Zahn Joseph , Bansal Ashish , Wiggins Simmi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by severely itchy skin nodules. Nearly half of affected adult patients have a history of (or current) atopic comorbidity, such as atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective
To report the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with PN with or without history of atopic comorbidities, in a pre-specified analysis of pooled data from two phase 3 trials.

Method
In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week studies, LIBERTY-PN PRIME (NCT04183335) and PRIME2 (NCT04202679), adults with PN inadequately controlled by topical prescription therapies, were randomized 1:1 to dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks or matched placebo. Atopic patients were defined as patients with a physician-documented history, or current diagnosis, of at least one of the following atopic comorbidities: AD, allergic rhinitis/rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, or food allergy. Efficacy was assessed from baseline to Week 24 through the Worst Itch Numerical Rating Scale (WI-NRS; 0–10), and the Investigator’s Global Assessment for PN-Stage score (IGA PN-S; 0–4).

Results
311 patients were randomized (dupilumab n=153, atopic/non-atopic N=67/86; placebo n=158, atopic/non-atopic N=68/90). At Week 24, significantly more atopic and non-atopic dupilumab-treated patients achieved a ≥4-point improvement in WI-NRS (58.2%/59.3%), and an IGA PN-S score of 0 or 1 (52.2%/41.9%) vs placebo (20.6%/17.8% [nominal P&lt;0.0001/P&lt;0.0001] and 16.2%/17.8% [nominal P&lt;0.0001/P=0.0005], respectively). The proportion of patients achieving concomitant ≥4-point improvement in WI-NRS and IGA PN-S score of 0 or 1 was higher for both dupilumab-treated atopic and non-atopic patients (37.3%/33.7%) vs placebo (7.4%/10.0% [nominal P=0.0057/P&lt;0.007]). Overall safety was consistent with the known dupilumab safety profile, with no remarkable differences between atopic and non-atopic patients.

Conclusion
Dupilumab treatment improves itch and skin lesions in PN patients with and without a history of atopic comorbidities, indicating that underlying type 2 inflammation is present in patients with PN regardless of their history of atopic comorbidities.
535 - Exploring the Intersectionality of Being Deaf and Black while Accessing Dermatological Care
Authors: Guy Diamond , Rotoli Jason M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In 2021, Deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) persons made up ∼3.4% of the United States population however, there was no sub-categorical data about race. This dearth of data makes it challenging to quantify the health disparities amongst Black DHH individuals. This paper aims to identify trends and disparities to improve health outcomes for DHH and Black patients seeking dermatologic care. Black patients utilize less preventative service, have lower post-trauma survival, and a 3-fold higher risk of maternal mortality than White patients. DHH patients experience delayed cancer treatment, more emergency department visits, and higher intimate partner violence than hearing patients. Black DHH patients have a higher likelihood of cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and lung disease than Black-hearing patients. Black patients have lower survival rates with certain cutaneous neoplasms and poorer disease control than White counterparts. The literature lacks dermatologic care outcomes for Black DHH patients.
Shared themes impacting Black and DHH patients’ care include audism and racism, medical mistrust, and poor communication with clinicians. Unfortunately, the dermatological experiences of Black DHH patients are poorly documented. To minimize disparities for this population, clinicians must acknowledge them and partner with the community to investigate them.
557 - Tralokinumab real-world use in adults with atopic dermatitis: baseline characteristics of the first 100 patients recruited to the TRACE study in the United States
Authors: Armstrong April W , Rubin Cory , Jarell Abel , Nguyen Tien , Bagel Jerry , Stinson John , Schneider Shannon , Anastasiadou Dimitra M , Rodriguez Adrian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Tralokinumab is a fully human, high-affinity, monoclonal antibody that specifically neutralizes interleukin-13, a key driver of atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. Numerous clinical studies have established that tralokinumab is an efficacious treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe AD, along with having a favorable safety profile. However, there is a lack of evidence on tralokinumab use in routine clinical practice, where patient management may differ from that defined by clinical trial protocols.

Objectives
TRACE is a global, real-world study that aims to better understand the effectiveness, safety, and clinical use of tralokinumab in patients with AD in daily practice.

Methods
TRACE is a global, observational, prospective, single-cohort study of tralokinumab-treated adults with moderate-to-severe AD. Overall, 11 countries across Europe, North America and the Middle East are participating. The primary objective of TRACE is to assess changes in clinical signs and symptoms of AD in patients treated with tralokinumab according to the nationally approved labels. Secondary objectives include safety, quality of life, patient-reported outcomes and treatment adherence. For this interim analysis, the objective was to report the baseline characteristics of the first 100 US patients.

Results
Overall, 55% of the first 100 US patients initiated on tralokinumab in the TRACE study were female; the majority (54%) were White, followed by 18% Black or African American and 12% Asian. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 46.4 years (18.2) and body mass index was 28.6 kg/m2 (7.7). Patients had a mean disease duration of 13.9 years (SD 16.5), with 46% being biologic-naïve and 54% biologic-experienced. Most patients (88%) had moderate-to-severe AD, with a mean Investigator’s Global Assessment score of 3.2 (SD 0.8); mean Eczema Area and Severity Index was 15.4 (SD 7.9). A heavy symptomatic burden of disease was evident, with a mean eczema-related sleep numerical rating scale (NRS) of 4.2 (SD 3.3) and mean worst daily pruritus NRS of 6.1 (SD 2.6). Patients also reported a substantial impact of AD on quality of life; mean Dermatology Life Quality Index was 13.2 (SD 8.5). Almost one quarter (24%) of patients reported ≥1 atopic comorbidity, with asthma (12%), cardiovascular disease (8%) and autoimmune disease (6%) being the most frequent; 3% of patients had psychiatric illness.

Conclusions
Initial findings showed that tralokinumab is being prescribed as a first-line biologic treatment option in the US in accordance with the label. Treated patients had a heavy burden of disease with considerable impact on quality of life.
561 - Dupilumab treatment reduces signs in patients with atopic hand and foot dermatitis: results from a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Simpson Eric L , Soong Weily , Worm Margitta , Pinter Andreas , Masuda Koji , Shao Liyang , Dubost-Brama Ariane , Bansal Ashish , Korotzer Andrew , Rossi Ana B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Dupilumab has previously shown overall efficacy in treating atopic hand and foot dermatitis.

Objective
To report the effect of dupilumab treatment on individual signs of atopic hand and foot dermatitis.

Methods
The phase 3, randomized, double-blind LIBERTY-AD-HAFT (NCT04417894) trial enrolled patients aged ≥12 years with moderate-to-severe (Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] score of 3/4) atopic hand and foot dermatitis. Patients were randomized to dupilumab monotherapy 300 mg every 2 weeks (q2w) in adults; 200/300 mg q2w in adolescents, or placebo for 16 weeks. This analysis presents the proportion of patients reporting absent, mild, moderate, or severe erythema, scaling/flaking, lichenification, vesiculation/erosion, edema, and fissures, assessed by the modified total lesion sign score (mTLSS) in hands and feet.

Results
At baseline, most patients had scores of moderate or severe signs on their hands. Of the 133 patients enrolled, over 65% of patients treated with dupilumab (n = 67) achieved an absent or mild score by Week 16 in each of the signs/symptoms assessed. Proportion of patients with absent or mild hand scores increased from baseline to Week 16 in erythema (9% vs 71.6%), scaling/flaking (16.4% vs 74.7%), lichenification (4.5% vs 65.6%), vesiculation/erosion (43.3% vs 89.6%), edema (44.7% vs 86.6%), and fissures (23.9% vs 83.5%). Proportion of patients with absent or mild foot scores increased from baseline to Week 16 in erythema (56.7% vs 80.6%), scaling/flaking (56.7% vs 82.1%), lichenification (53.8% vs 82.1%), vesiculation/erosion (76.1% vs 86.6%), edema (76.1% vs 88.1%), and fissures (77.6% vs 86.6%). Safety was consistent with the known dupilumab safety profile in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Conclusions
Dupilumab treatment in patients improves signs of hand and foot dermatitis, including erythema, scaling/flaking, lichenification, vesiculation/erosion, edema, and fissures.
568 - Persistent inadequate disease control and therapeutic inertia in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a 12-month longitudinal analysis of real-world outcomes from TARGET-DERM registry
Authors: Eichenfield Lawrence F , Grada Ayman , Knapp Keith D , Munoz Breda , Crawford Julie M , Silverberg Jonathan I 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic inertia refers to the delay or failure to escalate treatment in patients who are not achieving adequate disease control and poses a challenge in the management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite the availability of conventional (CST) and advanced systemic therapies (AST) currently utilized for the treatment of moderate to severe AD, many patients do not achieve treatment success. However, the extent of this inadequacy in real-world clinical practice remains underexplored.

Objectives
This study aims to evaluate the occurrence therapeutic inertia (assessed as non-escalation of therapy despite limited disease control) and the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe AD who continue to show an inadequate response after receiving systemic therapies for a duration ranging from 3 to 12 months.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of patients with moderate-to-severe AD (vIGA-AD≥3) from the TARGET-DERM AD registry, including 3,457 participants from 39 centers in the U.S. and Canada. Eligible patients had documented outcomes at the initiation of systemic therapy and after 3 months up to 12 months of follow up. We assessed clinician- and patient-reported outcomes to identify the proportion of patients not meeting pre-defined targets based on expert consensus. An inadequate response was defined as not achieving a validated Investigator Global Assessment (vIGA-AD) score ≤2, a 50% improvement in Body Surface Area (BSA), and a ≥4-point reduction in the Worst Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (WP-NRS). An optimal response was defined as a vIGA-AD score ≤1 (clear or almost clear skin), BSA ≤2%, and WP-NRS itch score of 0/1 (complete or almost complete skin resolution).

Results
Out of 2,107 patients with moderate-to-severe AD, 445 met the inclusion criteria. The majority were adults (63.8%), female (62.0%), and Non-Hispanic White (45.4%), with an average age of 31 years. Most patients (88.8%) initiated treatment with AST, with dupilumab being the most common (86.5%). The mean vIGA-AD was 3.3 for AST and 3.6 for CST at initiation (P&lt;0.01). At 6 months, 37% and 67% of AST-treated patients had inadequate responses in terms of skin clearance and itch outcomes, respectively, while 82% and 79% did not achieve optimal responses. At 12 months, these figures were approximately 30% and 66% for inadequate responses and 85% and 88% for not achieving optimal responses, respectively. CST-treated patients showed a similar trend.

Conclusions
The study reveals a significant portion of moderate-to-severe AD patients fail to achieve adequate disease control with systemic therapies over 12 months, indicating a substantial presence of therapeutic inertia. These findings suggest a need for more proactive management strategies in AD treatment.
550 - Vitiligo is associated with new onset osteoporosis: a population-based study
Authors: Cohen Naama Tova , Silverberg Nanette B , Kridin Khalaf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Vitiligo, an autoimmune disease leading to skin depigmentation, affects about 2% of the global population. The current pathogenesis for vitiligo is the autoimmune theory; recent reports demonstrated the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitiligo. Osteoporosis is an inflammatory condition, characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, associated with increased bone metabolism. The association between osteoporosis and vitiligo has never been investigated in a cohort study. We aimed to investigate if patients with vitiligo are at increased risk for developing osteoporosis.

Methods
A retrospective, cohort study was conducted on the Clalit Health Services (CHS) database (2002-2019) exploring age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and Charlson comorbidity index.

Results
19,985 vitiligo patients, and 99,003 controls, mean age 33.2 (SD +/-21.6) years were included. The incidence rates (95%CI) of new-onset osteoporosis were 2.6 (2.3-2.9)/1,000 person-years (PY) in vitiligo patients and 2.2 (2.1-2.3)/1,000PY in the control group. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for new-onset osteoporosis in patients with vitiligo was 1.19 (1.04-1.38, p-value 0.006). In vitiligo patients, the odds ratio (95%CI) for osteoporosis were 2.05 (1.91-2.21, p-value &lt;0.001), female sex 4.04 (3.03-5.38, p-value 0.001), Jewish ethnicity 3.65 (2.45-5.44, p-value &lt;0.001), hypertension 5.02 (3.96-6.36, p-value &lt;0.001), hyperlipidemia 6.99 (5.37-9.08, p-value &lt;0.001), obesity 1.34 (1.02-1.76, p-value-0.036) and diabetes mellitus 3.56 (2.74-4.62, p-value &lt;0.001).

Conclusions
In the current study we observed an increased risk of developing osteoporosis in patients with vitiligo. Our observation merits further study and highlights the systemic aspect of inflammation in vitiligo.
The role of place in the development of a circular economy: a critical analysis of potential for social redistribution in Hull, UK
Authors: Deutz Pauline , Jonas Andrew E G , Newsholme Aodhan , Pusz Małgorzata , Rogers Heather A , Affolderbach Julia , Baumgartner Rupert J , Ramos Tomás B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the role of place in the local development of a circular economy and the potential for consequent social redistribution. Based on a case study of public, private and third-sector approaches to a circular economy in Hull, an industrial city in the northeast of England, it offers a critical analysis of the geographic distribution of socio-economic benefits from local circular economy developments. Policy goals of inclusivity (or a ‘just transition’) are not accomplished. However, attachment to place provides opportunities to bridge sectoral and jurisdictional boundaries and potentially generate more socially inclusive territorial-distributional outcomes.
Management of de novo nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation: a comprehensive review from the European Renal Association CKD-MBD working group
Authors: Kanbay Mehmet , Copur Sidar , Bakir Cicek N , Hatipoglu Alper , Sinha Smeeta , Haarhaus Mathias 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The lifetime incidence of kidney stones is 6%–12% in the general population. Nephrolithiasis is a known cause of acute and chronic kidney injury, mediated via obstructive uropathy or crystal-induced nephropathy, and several modifiable and non-modifiable genetic and lifestyle causes have been described. Evidence for epidemiology and management of nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation is limited by a low number of publications, small study sizes and short observational periods. Denervation of the kidney and ureter graft greatly reduces symptomatology of kidney stones in transplant recipients, which may contribute to a considerable underdiagnosis. Thus, reported prevalence rates of 1%–2% after kidney transplantation and the lack of adverse effects on allograft function and survival should be interpreted with caution. In this narrative review we summarize current state-of-the-art knowledge regarding epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention and therapy of nephrolithiasis after kidney transplantation, including management of asymptomatic stone disease in kidney donors. Our aim is to strengthen clinical nephrologists who treat kidney transplant recipients in informed decision-making regarding management of kidney stones. Available evidence, supporting both surgical and medical treatment and prevention of kidney stones, is presented and critically discussed. The specific anatomy of the transplanted kidney and urinary tract requires deviation from established interventional approaches for nephrolithiasis in native kidneys. Also, pharmacological and lifestyle changes may need adaptation to the specific situation of kidney transplant recipients. Finally, we point out current knowledge gaps and the need for additional evidence from future studies.
GWAS supported by computer vision identifies large numbers of candidate regulators of in planta regeneration in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Nagle Michael F , Yuan Jialin , Kaur Damanpreet , Ma Cathleen , Peremyslova Ekaterina , Jiang Yuan , Niño de Rivera Alexa , Jawdy Sara , Chen Jin-Gui , Feng Kai , Yates Timothy B , Tuskan Gerald A , Muchero Wellington , Fuxin Li , Strauss Steven H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Plant regeneration is an important dimension of plant propagation and a key step in the production of transgenic plants. However, regeneration capacity varies widely among genotypes and species, the molecular basis of which is largely unknown. Association mapping methods such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have long demonstrated abilities to help uncover the genetic basis of trait variation in plants; however, the performance of these methods depends on the accuracy and scale of phenotyping. To enable a large-scale GWAS of in planta callus and shoot regeneration in the model tree Populus, we developed a phenomics workflow involving semantic segmentation to quantify regenerating plant tissues over time. We found that the resulting statistics were of highly non-normal distributions, and thus employed transformations or permutations to avoid violating assumptions of linear models used in GWAS. We report over 200 statistically supported quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with genes encompassing or near to top QTLs including regulators of cell adhesion, stress signaling, and hormone signaling pathways, as well as other diverse functions. Our results encourage models of hormonal signaling during plant regeneration to consider keystone roles of stress-related signaling (e.g. involving jasmonates and salicylic acid), in addition to the auxin and cytokinin pathways commonly considered. The putative regulatory genes and biological processes we identified provide new insights into the biological complexity of plant regeneration, and may serve as new reagents for improving regeneration and transformation of recalcitrant genotypes and species.
Climate change and peacebuilding: sub-themes of an emerging research agenda
Authors: Krampe Florian , O'Driscoll Dylan , Johnson McKenzie , Simangan Dahlia , Hegazi Farah , de Coning Cedric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate change is having profound effects on global security and peacebuilding efforts. While existing research has mainly focused on the link between climate change and conflict, it has largely overlooked the complex interplay between climate change, conflict-affected states and peacebuilding. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities in conflict-affected societies by adding stress to livelihoods and negatively impacting food, water and energy security. This is particularly concerning as climate change is often felt most acutely in settings where public institutions are already failing to meet the population's needs. Consequently, climate change can contribute to exacerbating grievances and hinder the ability to maintain, reinforce and build peace. Although practitioners in the peacebuilding field are beginning to respond to the effects of climate change, academic research has not adequately addressed the question of how climate change affects peacebuilding and how peacebuilding strategies can respond effectively. To fill this gap, a multidisciplinary approach drawing from climate security, environmental peacebuilding, environmental studies, and peace and conflict studies is needed in order to develop a research agenda that encompasses the intersections of climate change and peacebuilding. By recognizing the importance of climate change in peacebuilding efforts, this research agenda aims to provide critical insights and guide future studies.
From imperial power to regional policeman: Ethiopian peacekeeping and the developmental state
Authors: Verhoeven Harry , Gebregziabher Tefera Negash 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Why and how do African states become peacekeepers? Through a single-case study, this article accounts for a transformation in peace and security: how Ethiopia became the world's prime source of blue helmets in the early twenty-first century, having largely shunned peacekeeping in preceding decades. We propose that peacekeeping came to serve as an unexpectedly useful technology to pursue state-building agendas. Historically, regional proxy wars undermined state-building efforts in Ethiopia and mismanagement of ethno-linguistic diversity rendered it vulnerable to externally supported rebellions. In the 2000s, an evolving approach to peacekeeping dovetailed with the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front's (EPRDF) vision for recalibrating political order domestically and in the Horn of Africa. EPRDF became convinced that changing Ethiopia required changing its surrounding region. Regional intervention as peacekeeping was supported by global powers and helped bind neighbouring states to Ethiopia in new ways. This entailed the crafting of deep political ties in Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan that mitigated historical fears of Ethiopian hegemony and shielded EPRDF state-building from outside destabilization. Moreover, as Ethiopia's increasingly prominent role in United Nations and African Union missions improved the external environment for the EPRDF developmental state, it also expanded Ethiopian National Defence Force's role in the political economy, buttressing the party-state's hegemony.
Pressure and convection robust bounds for continuous interior penalty divergence-free finite element methods for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: García-Archilla Bosco , Novo Julia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze a pressure-robust method based on divergence-free mixed finite element methods with continuous interior penalty stabilization. The main goal is to prove an $O(h^{k+1/2})$ error estimate for the $L^2$ norm of the velocity in the convection dominated regime. This bound is pressure robust (the error bound of the velocity does not depend on the pressure) and also convection robust (the constants in the error bounds are independent of the Reynolds number).