bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer patterns in eastern India: The first report of the Kolkata cancer registry
Authors: Sen Urmi , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Mandal Syamsundar , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Parkin Donald Maxwell , Siddiqi Maqsood 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere are no population‐based data available for the cancer patterns in Eastern India. This is the first report of cancer incidence in the region from the population‐based cancer registry in Kolkata (Calcutta), the capital city of the state of West Bengal, India, for the period 1998–1999. The cancer registry collects data on all new cases of cancer diagnosed in the resident population of Kolkata. Since cancer is not a notifiable disease in India, registration is carried out by active data collection by the registry staff. The cancer registry staff visits 50 data sources comprising cancer hospitals, secondary and tertiary care hospitals, nursing homes, diagnostic laboratories and death registration offices; scrutinizes medical records and collects details on incident cancer cases. A customized version of CanReg‐3 software was used for data entry and analysis. A total of 11,700 cases were registered during the 2‐year period from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 1999. The overall age‐adjusted (world population) incidence rates were 102.1 per 100,000 males and 114.6 per 100,000 females. The most frequently reported malignancies in males were lung cancer (16.3%), followed by cancers of the oral cavity (7.1%), pharynx (5.7%) and larynx (5.7%). In females, the most frequently reported malignancies were breast (22.7%) followed by uterine cervix (17.5%), gallbladder (6.4%) and ovary (5.8%). The data reported by the Kolkata cancer registry provide information on the cancer profile in Eastern India for the first time. The highest incidence rate of lung cancer in males in India is reported from Calcutta. A high risk of gallbladder cancer is observed in women. The observed cancer patterns indicate that tobacco‐control measures and early detection of head and neck, breast and cervical cancers are of importance for cancer control in this population. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the telomerase assay useful for screening of endometrial lesions?
Authors: Maida Yoshiko , Kyo Satoru , Kanaya Taro , Wang Zhuo , Tanaka Masaaki , Yatabe Noriyuki , Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Inoue Masaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTelomerase activation is specifically observed in most cancers but not in normal tissues with some exceptions, such as germ cells or certain tissues with regenerative potential, suggesting a diagnostic opportunity for cancers involving measurement of telomerase activity. Cytologic screening for endometrial cancer has not been well established, due to the complexity of diagnostic criterion. In the present study, we investigated the utility of the telomerase assay for screening endometrial lesions. A total of 100 patients with or without endometrial lesions were examined for telomerase activity by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay using endometrial scraping samples and the correlation with cytology was investigated. The TRAP assay revealed frequent telomerase activation in normal endometria at reproductive age, particularly in 67% of proliferative‐phase endometria, suggesting that the telomerase assay is not suitable for screening women of reproductive age. However, in postmenopausal women, telomerase activity was rarely detected (8%) in normal endometria, while it was observed in >80% of endometrial cancers or hyperplasias. Interestingly, some cases of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia were misdiagnosed by cytology but correctly detected by the TRAP assay. The sensitivity of the TRAP assay to screen endometrial lesions was 87%, equivalent to that of cytology. Combination of cytology and the TRAP assay increased sensitivity to 100%. We thus concluded that measuring telomerase activity in endometrial scrapings is a useful diagnostic tool for the screening of endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women, particularly when used with cytology to increase screening sensitivity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Value of Tenascin‐C content and association with clinicopathological parameters in uterine cervical lesions
Authors: Buyukbayram Huseyin , Arslan Adem 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo determine whether the content of the matrix protein tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) is of diagnostic or prognostic value in cervical lesions, we evaluated increases in Tn‐C immunoreactivity in 80 formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded biopsies and surgical specimens of the uterine cervix. Tn‐C content in the basement membrane zone and in the stroma was graded and compared to some prognostic parameters. In the normal cervix, Tn‐C formed a thin continuous band. In cervicitis, Tn‐C bands thickened in the basement membrane zone and the adjacent stroma in the form of thin filaments. In 30 squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) of various grades, Tn‐C bands were either slightly (1+) or moderately (2+) thickened in the basement membrane zone, while slight stromal Tn‐C immunoreactivity in the form of thin bands was observed in 12 cases, regardless of grade and inflammatory stromal reaction. In invasive carcinoma, Tn‐C content was markedly increased in the stroma and around the invasive nests of tumors. The intensity of Tn‐C immunoreactivity was significantly higher in grade I tumors than in others (p < 0.04). The intensity of increase in Tn‐C immunoreactivity was 10.5‐fold (95% CI 3.39–32.5) higher in invasive cervical carcinomas than in others (cervicitis, low‐grade SIL and high‐grade SIL) (p = 0.0001). A significant correlation was found between weak Tn‐C immunoreactivity and lymphatic space invasion (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.01), desmoplastic stromal component (p = 0.0001) and stromal inflammation (p = 0.002). In conclusion, increase in Tn‐C immunoreactivity may be of value in the assessment of noninvasive and invasive cervical lesions and the appearance of Tn‐C may be an indicator of adequate biologic defense in cervical cancer patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perceptions of early relationships during the transition to motherhood: The mediating role of social support
Authors: Priel Beatriz , Besser Avi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPerceptions of the availability of social support were assumed to mediate the association between the future mother's perceptions of early relationships and positive postpartum outcomes. We explored the idea that pregnant women's perceptions of early caretaking relationships as optimal associate with the perceived availability of, and satisfaction with, social support, which in turn, were assumed to affect postpartum depressive symptomatology, the APGAR (i.e., rates of Appearance [color]; Pulse [heartbeat]; Grimace [reflex]; Activity [muscle tone]; and Respiration [breathing], Nelson, 1987) scores of the newborn, and the mother's perceptions of the infant. Using a longitudinal design, we enrolled 120 first‐time pregnant participants, who were assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy and eight weeks postpartum. Newborns were assessed immediately after birth. Findings confirmed the expected model, controlling for levels of depressive symptomatology during pregnancy. This model is discussed in the context of system and transactional models of mother–infant interactions. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
Water management structures in Europe
Authors: Dirksen Wolfram 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWater management nowadays is experienced as an area of conflict, increasingly determined by the conflicting demands of the different water users, including nature. The World Water Council therefore initiated a worldwide appraisal of national water resources management policies and practices. The European Regional Working Group (ERWG) of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) was engaged to prepare the European Sector Vision on Water for Food and Rural Development.As a result the ERWG delivered a study with a condensed portrayal of continental water policies complemented by 15 national reports, which for the first time provided a comprehensive insight into the water management of the various contributing countries, including political and legal mechanisms, expected environmental challenges, requirements of the users, and organisational and institutional solutions.Modern water legislation pursues the target of balancing the requirements of human needs and nature conservation by sustainable planning and public participation, the cornerstones of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union. The ERWG study demonstrates the different systems and mechanisms developed by European countries to meet this target. With a view to the future unifying of Europe, national regulations have to be harmonised and transformed into a European water policy. Organisational structures like basin administrations, water management associations, technical–scientific societies, and private and co‐operative facilities will have an increasing role.This paper highlights the findings achieved by the ERWG study and will give an impression of the manifold solutions. Experience gathered in Spain, France, Slovenia and Hungary will provide knowledge for the development of environmentally sound and market‐oriented water management systems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Twelve theses on the cost and use of irrigation water
Authors: Merrett Stephen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe published literature on the economics of irrigation is extensive and complex. This brief paper provides a clear and succinct account of the linkage between the cost of irrigation water to farmers and the volume of water that they use. Its main aim is to set out the conditions under which an increase in the cost of water is likely to reduce the rate of growth in volume used. The paper is unusual in its format and takes the form of 12 theses with a bibliography of key reading. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crack spread hedging: accounting for time‐varying volatility spillovers in the energy futures markets
Authors: Haigh Michael S. , Holt Matthew T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCrude oil, heating oil, and unleaded gasoline futures contracts are simultaneously analysed for their effectiveness in reducing price volatility for an energy trader. A conceptual model is developed for a trader hedging the ‘crack spread’. Various hedge ratio estimation techniques are compared to a Multivariate GARCH model that directly incorporates the time to maturity effect often found in futures markets. Modelling of the time‐variation in hedge ratios via the Multivariate GARCH methodology, and thus taking into account volatility spillovers between markets is shown to result in significant reductions in uncertainty even while accounting for trading costs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of genotoxic damage of cadmium chloride in peripheral blood of suckling Wistar rats
Authors: Kašuba Vilena , Rozgaj Ružica , Sarić Marijana Matek , Blanuša Maja 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible genotoxic damage of cadmium chloride exposure in suckling rats by means of the comet assay and the in vivo micronucleus test of rat blood lymphocytes, because no information is available on the genotoxic effect of cadmium in rats at this early age. Pups were receiving cadmium (as CdCl2·H2O) orally in fractions of 0.5 mg for 9 days, totalling 4.5 mg Cd kg−1 body wt, or were given a single subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mg Cd kg−1 body wt. Some pups in both exposed groups were receiving calcium supplement (CaHPO4·2H2O) in feed to reduce the body load of cadmium. Control pups did not receive either cadmium or calcium supplement. Cadmium in the carcass and organs was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed that the cadmium body burden was significantly lower when the animals were receiving calcium supplements along with oral cadmium. The results of the micronucleus and comet assays showed significant differences between the control and exposed groups, regardless of the route of cadmium administration. The only statistically significant difference between the two exposed groups (oral cadmium and oral cadmium + calcium supplements) was in the number of micronuclei. The results of the comet assay showed that tail length differed statistically only between the control and all exposed groups, regardless of the route of cadmium administration. It can be concluded that the applied cadmium doses caused detectable genome damage but it was lower in calcium‐treated pups receiving cadmium orally. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic synthesis and characterization of pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive silk‐elastinlike protein block copolymers
Authors: Nagarsekar Ashish , Crissman John , Crissman Mary , Ferrari Franco , Cappello Joseph , Ghandehari Hamidreza 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to synthesize and characterize a pH‐ and temperature‐sensitive block copolymer containing repeating sequences from silk (Gly–Ala–Gly–Ala–Gly–Ser) and elastin (Gly–Val–Gly–Val–Pro) protein. The monomer contained one repeat of silk and eight repeat units of elastin, with the first valine in one of the elastin repeats being replaced by glutamic acid. The copolymer was synthesized using genetic engineering techniques. The sensitivity of the copolymer to pH and temperature was examined at various polymer concentrations and ionic strengths. Turbidity measurements were carried out over a temperature range of 20 to 100°C at various pH, concentration, and ionic strength values. The introduction of an ionizable residue (glutamic acid) rendered the copolymer sensitive to changes in pH. The transition termperature (Tt), the temperature at which the polymer became insoluble upon increase in temperature, was modulated by changing the pH. In general, the Tt value, was found: (1) to increase with an increase in pH, (2) to decrease with increasing ionic strength, and (3) to decrease with increasing concentration. Results of these studies suggest that by strategic placement of charged amino acids in genetically engineered silk‐elastinlike protein block copolymers it is possible to precisely control sensitivity to stimuli such as pH and temperature. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 195–203, 2002
Direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B immobilized column improves acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Tsushima Kenji , Kubo Keishi , Koizumi Tomonobu , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Fujimoto Keisaku , Hora Kazuhiko , Kan‐nou Yutaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by a high mortality rate. We have studied whether direct hemoperfusion using a polymyxin B immobilized fiber column (PMX‐DHP) is effective for acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS. Two ALI and eighteen ARDS patients were evaluated, four congestive heart failure (CHF) patients were evaluated as cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and we retrospectively compared the outcome with ten patients with ARDS who had been hospitalized between 1990 and 1998 as the untreated group. PMX‐DHP was carried out twice at a rate of 80–100 ml/minute for 2 hours, with a time interval of approximately 24 hours. We monitored systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, and the PaO2/FIO2 (PF) ratio before and after PMX‐DHP treatment. The mortality was classified if patients were alive at day 30 after initiating PMX‐DHP. The mortality of ARDS patients was approximately 20%. Systolic BP increased significantly from 106 ± 20 to 135 ± 21 and to 125 ± 20 mmHg on the following day. Diastolic BP increased from 61 ± 16 to 78 ± 15, and to 72 ± 12 mmHg. The PF ratio increased significantly from 125 ± 54 to 153 ± 73, and 163 ± 78 Torr. CHF patients did not reveal improvement of systolic, diastolic BP, and PF ratio after PMX‐DHP. Eight of ten patients in the untreated group died through exacerbated ARDS. In ARDS patients, PMX‐DHP improved circulatory disturbance and oxygenation despite the underlying diseases. The mortality improved compared with that before induction of PMX‐DHP. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:97–102, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternative splicing during chondrogenesis: Modulation of fibronectin exon EIIIA splicing by SR proteins
Authors: Kuo Bruce A. , Uporova Tatiana M. , Liang Hongyan , Bennett Vickie D. , Tuan Rocky S. , Norton Pamela A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe alternative exon EIIIA of the fibronectin gene is included in mRNAs produced in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells but excluded from differentiated chondrocytes. As members of the SR protein family of splicing factors have been demonstrated to be involved in the alternative splicing of other mRNAs, the role of SR proteins in chondrogenesis‐associated EIIIA splicing was investigated. SR proteins interacted with chick exon EIIIA sequences that are required for exon inclusion in a gel mobility shift assay. Addition of SR proteins to in vitro splicing reactions increased the rate and extent of exon EIIIA inclusion. Co‐transfection studies employing cDNAs encoding individual SR proteins revealed that SRp20 decreased mRNA accumulation in HeLa cells, which make A+ mRNA, apparently by interfering with pre‐mRNA splicing. Co‐transfection studies also demonstrated that SRp40 increased exon EIIIA inclusion in chondrocytes, but not in HeLa cells, suggesting the importance of cellular context for SR protein activity. Immunoblot analysis did not reveal a relative depletion of SRp40 in chondrocytic cells. Possible mechanisms for regulation of EIIIA splicing in particular, and chondrogenesis associated splicing in general, are discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 45–55, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sam68 associates with the SH3 domains of Grb2 recruiting GAP to the Grb2‐SOS complex in insulin receptor signaling
Authors: Najib Souad , Sánchez‐Margalet Víctor 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe 68 kDa Src substrate associated during mitosis (Sam68) is an RNA binding protein with Src homology (SH) 2 and 3 domain binding sites. We have recently found that Sam68 is a substrate of the insulin receptor (IR) that translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and that Tyr‐phosphorylated Sam68 associates with the SH2 domains of p85 PI3K and GAP, in vivo and in vitro. In the present work, we have further demonstrated the cytoplasmic localization of Sam68, which is increased in cells overexpressing IR. Besides, we sought to further study the association of Sam68 with the Ras‐GAP pathway by assessing the interactions with SH3 domains of Grb2. We employed GST‐fusion proteins containing the SH3 domains of Grb2 (N or C), and recombinant Sam68 for in vitro studies. In vivo studies of protein–protein interaction were assessed by co‐immunoprecipitation experiments with specific antibodies against Sam68, GAP, Grb2, SOS, and phosphotyrosine; and by affinity precipitation with the fusion proteins (SH3‐Grb2). Insulin stimulation of HTC‐IR cells promotes phosphorylation of Sam68 and its association with the SH2 domains of GAP. Sam68 is constitutively associated with the SH3 domains of Grb2 and it does not change upon insulin stimulation, but Sam68 is Tyr‐phosphorylated and promotes the association of GAP with the Grb2‐SOS complex. In vitro studies with fusion proteins showed that Sam68 association with Grb2 is preferentially mediated by the C‐terminal SH3 domains of Grb2. In conclusion, Sam68 is a substrate of the IR and may have a role as a docking protein in IR signaling, recruiting GAP to the Grb2‐SOS complex, and in this way it may modulate Ras activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 99–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic pulsatile shear stress impacts synthesis of proteoglycans by endothelial cells: Effect on platelet aggregation and coagulation
Authors: Elhadj Selim , Mousa Shaker A. , Forsten‐Williams Kimberly 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEndothelial‐derived proteoglycans are important regulators of the coagulation‐pathway in vivo and our primary objective of this study was to determine whether chronic shear stress affected the synthesis, release, and activity of proteoglycans from bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). BAEC were cultured under shear and proteoglycans were purified from BAEC conditioned media and analyzed using both anionic exchange and size exclusion chromatography. The overall amount of proteoglycans produced per cell was significantly greater for the high shear‐treated samples compared to the low shear‐treated samples indicating that the shear magnitude did impact cell responsiveness. While overall size and composition of the proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains were not altered by shear, the relative proportion of the high and low molecular weight species was inversely related to shear and differed significantly from that found under static tissue culture conditions. Moreover, a unique proteoglycan peak was identified from low shear stress (5 ± 2 dynes/cm2) conditioned media when compared to high shear conditions (23 ± 8 dynes/cm2) via anionic exchange chromatography, suggesting that subtle changes in the GAG structures may impact activity of these molecules. In order to characterize whether these changes impacted proteoglycan function, we studied the effects of shear specific proteoglycans on the inhibition of thrombin‐induced human platelet aggregation as well as on platelet‐fibrin clot dynamics. Proteoglycans from high shear‐treated samples were less effective inhibitors of both platelet aggregation and blood coagulation inhibition than proteoglycans from low shear‐treated samples and both were less effective than proteoglycans isolated from static tissue culture samples. However, due to changes in the overall proteoglycan synthesis and release rate, the high and low shear‐treated sample had essentially identical effects on these activities, suggesting that the cells were able to compensate for stress‐induced proteoglycan changes. Our data suggests that shear stress, by altering proteoglycan synthesis and fine structure, may play a role in maintaining vascular hemodynamics and hemostasis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.