bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus and other putative periodontal pathogens in subjects with and without periodontal destruction
Authors: Van Winkelhoff A. J. , Loos B. G. , Van Der Reijden W. A. , Van Der Velden U. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and aims: Bacteria play an essential role in the pathogenesis of destructive periodontal disease. It has been suggested that not all bacteria associated with periodontitis may be normal inhabitants of a periodontally healthy dentition. In particular, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans have been isolated infrequently from subjects without periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare prevalence and proportions of a number of periodontal bacteria in periodontitis patients and control subjects.Material and methods: In all, 116 consecutive subjects diagnosed with moderate to severe periodontitis (mean age 42.4) and 94 subjects without radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss (mean age 40.4) were recruited for the study. The gingival condition in the control group varied between gingival health and various degrees of gingivitis. In patients, the deepest pocket in each quadrant was selected for microbiological sampling. In control subjects all mesial and distal sites of all first molars were selected for sampling. All paper points from a patient were pooled and processed for anaerobic cultivation within 6 h after sampling. Clinical variables of sampled sites included bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level.Results: A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus micros were significantly more often prevalent in patients than in controls. The highest odds ratios were found for P. gingivalis and B. forsythus (12.3 and 10.4 resp.). Other odds ratios varied from 3.1 to 7.7 for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. micros, respectively. Absolute numbers of target bacteria were all higher in patients, but only the mean percentage of B. forsythus was significantly higher in patients in comparison to controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions:
A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, F. nucleatum and P. micros are all significant markers for destructive periodontal disease in adult subjects. Based on calculated odds ratios, B. forsythus and P. gingivalis are the strongest bacterial markers for this disease and are infrequently cultured from subjects without periodontal bone loss.
Effect of triclosan dentifrices on mouth volatile sulphur compounds and dental plaque trypsin‐like activity during experimental gingivitis development
Authors: Nogueira‐Filho G. R. , Duarte P. M. , Toledo S. , Tabchoury C. P. M. , Cury J. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three commercial anti‐plaque dentifrices containing 0.3% triclosan + 2% pvm/ma (Colgate Total®), 0.3% triclosan + 0.75% Zn (Signal Global®) and 0.3% triclosan + 5% PPi (Crest Complete®) in comparison with an experimental dentifrice (0.3% triclosan + 2% pvm/ma + 0.75% Zn + 4% PPi) and a control dentifrice without anti‐plaque agents on trypsin‐like activity in dental plaque (detected by the hydrolysis of [Na‐Benzoyl‐DL‐Anginine p‐Nitroanilide (BAPNA)] and volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in mouth air during experimental gingivitis development.Method: A 5‐step double blind, crossover experimental gingivitis study was conducted on 19 volunteers during a 21‐day period. The volunteers refrained from brushing an experimental quadrant of teeth. The dentifrices were applied to those teeth via toothshield three times per day; simultaneously they brushed the other teeth with the same dentifrice. After each period, VSCs in mouth air and BAPNA hydrolysis by dental plaque accumulated in the experimental quadrant were determined.Results: There was an increase (p < 0.05) in VSCs in mouth air when experimental gingivitis was induced in only one quadrant of teeth. None of the dentifrices was able to avoid the increase of VSCs during the experimental gingivitis development. The majority of the antiplaque dentifrices evaluated reduced the increase of VSC formation in comparison with the control (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between the ability of the dentifrices in reducing VSC formation and the inhibition of trypsin‐like activity in dental plaque.Conclusions: Anti‐plaque dentifrices reduce the increase of VSCs that occurs during the development of experimental gingivitis.
A modification to the experimental gingivitis protocol to compare the antiplaque properties of two toothpastes
Authors: Yates R. J. , Shearer B. H. , Morgan R. , Addy M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Randomised, blind, controlled experimental gingivitis and home‐use study protocols are used to evaluate the efficacy of oral hygiene products. The present methodological study combined the two clinical trial designs to compare the preventive and therapeutic potentials of two toothpastes.Material and Methods:  The study was a parallel group, randomised, double‐blind design, initially involving 73 healthy dentate subjects. A 21‐day experimental gingivitis protocol was combined with a 6‐week (42 days) home‐use protocol. At baseline, modified gingival index (MGI), gingival index (GI) and gingival bleeding (GB) were recorded. A dental prophylaxis was then performed. Subjects were allocated to either control fluoride or stannous fluoride toothpaste based on gender and GI. During the first 21‐day period, subjects applied the allocated toothpaste, for 1 min twice a day, to a group of teeth in a plastic shield and brushed the remaining teeth with the same paste. From day 21 the shield was not placed, and subjects brushed all teeth with the toothpaste for 1 min twice per day up to day 42. MGI, GB and a plaque index (PI) were recorded on days 21 and 42.Results:  Sixty‐nine and 67 subjects completed to days 21 and 42, respectively. For shielded teeth, PI, MGI and GB increased to day 21 and then after ceasing the use of the shield decreased to day 42. At day 21, PI favoured the stannous fluoride toothpaste, but differences did not achieve statistical significance for any parameter at days 21 or 42. For unshielded teeth, there were no significant differences between the toothpastes for any parameter at either time point.Conclusion:  The feasibility of combining two gingivitis clinical trial methodologies appears proven, and data on both the preventive and therapeutic chemical and mechanical efficacy of toothpastes can be obtained through such protocols. Specifically from the present study and consistent with some other reports, the plaque inhibitory properties of the stannous fluoride product are limited and do not always translate into an antiplaque/antigingivitis effect.
Dental diseases in subjects with β‐thalassemia major
Authors: Al‐Wahadni Ahed M. , Taani D. Quteish , Al‐Omari M. O. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine whether β‐thalassemia major is associated with an increase in the severity of periodontal disease and dental caries.Methods: A total of 61 thalassemia patients and 63 healthy controls (age range = 6–18 years) were examined for plaque deposits, gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries using Silness and Löe plaque index (Pl.I), Löe and Silness gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and DMFT, respectively.Results: There were no significant differences in Pl.I, GI and PPD scores between both thalassemia patients and healthy control groups (P > 0.05). Dental caries was significantly higher in thalassemia patients group (P < 0.0001) compared to the healthy controls.Conclusion: Thalassemia is not associated with increased levels of gingivitis or periodontitis but is associated with higher dental caries experience.
Inequalities in the dental treatment provided to children: an example from the UK
Authors: Tickle Martin , Milsom Keith , Blinkhorn Anthony 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives: To identify the relationship between the socioeconomic status of frequently attending children and the dental care of their primary dentition provided by dentists working in the General Dental Service (GDS) of the UK National Health Service (NHS).Methods: The study design involved a retrospective investigation of the case notes of 658 children who were regularly attending patients of 50 General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) working in the North West of England. The socioeconomic status of each subject was measured using the Townsend score of their electoral ward of residence. Logistic regression models, taking into account the clustering of the subjects within dental practices, were fitted to identify whether or not socioeconomic status was significantly associated with the proportion of carious teeth that were restored, all dental extractions, dental extractions for pain or sepsis alone and courses of antibiotics prescribed after controlling other variables.Results: A significant association between socioeconomic status and caries experience could not be found. There was also no association between socioeconomic status and the proportion of carious teeth filled or courses of antibiotics prescribed. Disadvantaged children were significantly more likely to have teeth extracted than their more affluent peers, but there was no association between deprivation and extractions for pain or sepsis alone.Conclusions: Children from deprived backgrounds who regularly attended this group of UK dentists were more likely to have extractions than their more affluent peers, irrespective of their caries experience.
Childhood dental fear in the Netherlands: prevalence and normative data
Authors: Ten Berge Maaike , Veerkamp Jaap S. J. , Hoogstraten Johan , Prins Pier J. M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to present normative data on dental fear for the Dutch child population, by identifying not only highly fearful children but also children at risk for developing this high dental fear. Methods: Fear distribution of samples of high and low fearful children was studied, using the Dutch parent's version of the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS‐DS). Total fear scores were calculated for both samples, for different age levels and for boys and girls separately. To establish cut‐off scores, mean CFSS‐DS scores were associated with dentists' clinical fear ratings and, in addition, were transformed into stanines. Results: Scores between 32 and 38 were found to represent a borderline area for dental fear, and scores of 39 and higher to represent high dental fear. Conclusion: The results have shown 6% of the Dutch child population to be highly fearful, while another 8% may be at risk to develop high dental fear. By providing extra attention for these children, the development of high dental fear or phobia may be prevented.
Is medication a risk factor for dental caries among older people?
Authors: Thomson W. Murray , Spencer A. John , Slade Gary D. , Chalmers Jane M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectives:  This study examined the association between chronic medication exposure and 5‐year dental caries increment among older people, using a theoretical model whereby xerogenic medication is thought to lead to increased caries by either (i) chronically lowering salivary flow, thus reducing salivary buffering of plaque acids, or (ii) producing the symptoms of dry mouth, leading to symptomatic relief through the use of cariogenic drinks and foodstuffs.Methods: Data were obtained from participants remaining at the 5‐year follow‐up phase of a cohort study of community‐dwelling South Australians aged 60 +. Medication information was available at baseline and at 5 years, enabling only those medications taken on both occasions to be included in the analyses. Dental examinations were conducted at baseline and 5 years, and a reversal‐adjusted 5‐year caries increment was computed. Multivariate modelling was used to control the effects of potential confounders.Results: Of the original sample, 528 (62.3%) remained after 5 years, with those remaining tending to be younger, healthier and less medicated than those lost to follow‐up. Five‐year coronal caries incidence was 66.9%. The adjusted coronal caries increment (AdjCI) was higher among males and among those taking a β‐blocker or an antiasthma drug for the previous 5 years. The 5‐year incidence of root surface caries was 59.3%. A lower root surface AdjCI was associated with taking daily aspirin. Of the medications shown in earlier analyses to predict dry mouth, only the antiasthma drugs were associated with higher caries experience, and they had predicted more severe xerostomia symptoms.Conclusions: This study offers no strong evidence for a medication–caries relationship, as only one of the observed medication–caries associations was explicable in terms of the theoretical model. However, it should be acknowledged that older people taking antiasthma drugs may be at higher risk of coronal caries, possibly through measures taken for the symptomatic relief of dry mouth.
Predicting the experience of dentinal caries or restorative dental treatment in adolescents using D1 and D3 visual caries assessments
Authors: Nuttall Nigel , Deery Christopher 
Published: March 2003

AbstractStandardised epidemiological caries assessments used in oral health surveys have been shown to be poor at predicting whether a tooth surface will be treated restoratively when a patient visits a dentist. However, it has been argued that oral health surveys may be more relevant in determining needs at the level of an individual or groups of individuals. The objective of this study was to determine the discriminatory power of visual caries assessments at two thresholds (D1 & D3) in adolescents of average age 12.1 years to predict experience of dentinal caries 3 years later or the experience of restorative treatment (not re‐treatment) during the 3‐year period. The data was derived from a prospective 3‐year longitudinal study in which the dental care provided by 41 dentists for 403 adolescents was monitored. Dental caries experience was monitored by annual standardised assessments of caries undertaken by a single trained examiner. ROC analysis showed that caries assessed visually at the D1 threshold in 12‐year‐olds was a better predictor (P < 0.001) of experiencing some dentinal caries after 3 years (Az = 0.781) than was caries assessed visually at D3 threshold in 12‐year‐olds (Az = 0.670). Assessing caries visually at either the D1 or the D3 threshold had no discriminatory power for predicting whether an individual would experience some restorative treatment during the ensuing 3‐year period (Az for D1 = 0.507; Az for D3 = 0.518).
Applicability of an abbreviated version of the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) scale for use among Tanzanian students
Authors: Masalu J. R. , Åstrøm A. N. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives: The objective was to examine the applicability of an abbreviated version of the oral impact of daily performances (OIDP) inventory to Tanzanian adults attending the University of Dar es Salaam.Method: A total of 1123 students (mean age 26.4 years, response rate 58%) completed a survey instrument designed to measure subjective oral health indicators including the eight‐item OIDP frequency scores. After a period of 4 weeks, 228 students (mean age 24.6 years, response rate 65%) were examined clinically for the presence or absence of oral disorders.Results: A total of 51% of the participants reported that an oral problem had affected them on at least one daily performance in the 6 months preceding the survey. Cronbach's alpha for the OIDP frequency items was 0.83 and 0.87 on the first and second administration of the questionnaire. A reliability coefficient (Spearman's rho) of 0.87 was obtained for the OIDP frequency scores. For five of the eight OIDP frequency items, the kappa values ranged from 0.60 to 1.0, whereas one scale item had the less satisfactory value of 0.22. Construct validity was demonstrated in that the OIDP frequency scores were statistically significantly associated in the expected direction with clinically observed oral problems and a global self‐report indicator of oral health status, respectively.Conclusion: The OIDP frequency scale seems to have acceptable psychometric properties in the context of a descriptive questionnaire survey among Tanzanian university students.
A hidden periodontitis epidemic during the 20th century?
Authors: Hujoel P. P. ,   J. Bergström, Del Aguila M. A. , DeRouen T. A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract –Objectives:Increasing evidence suggests a strong causal link between smoking and periodontitis. The goal of this study was to impute how the secular changes in smoking prevalence during the 20th century impacted the advanced periodontitis incidence in the US.Methods:Epidemiological analyses based on US prevalence data of advanced periodontitis and smoking, and predictions of future smoking prevalence.Results:Assuming other risk factors for periodontitis remained constant, we estimated that the incidence of advanced periodontitis decreased by 31% between 1955 and 2000. The changes in smoking habits, and consequently the changes in periodontitis incidence, depended strongly on education and gender. Between 1966 and 1998, we estimated a 43% decreased periodontitis incidence among college‐educated individuals versus only an 8% decrease among individuals with less than a high school education. Between 1955 and 1999, we estimated a 41% decrease among males versus a 14% decrease among females. By the year 2020, the incidence of advanced periodontitis may decrease 43% from its level in 1955.Conclusions:A periodontitis epidemic fueled by smoking remained hidden for most of the 20th century. Because this epidemic was hidden, it distorted our understanding of the treatment and etiology of periodontitis. The socioeconomic polarization of this epidemic will dictate alterations in patterns of periodontal care.
Cutaneous involvement by angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma with remarkable heterogeneous Epstein‐Barr virus expression
Authors: Brown Holly A. , Macon William R. , Kurtin Paul J. , Gibson Lawrence E. 
Published: March 2003

Introduction: Initially described as an abnormal immune reaction, most cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia (AILD)‐like T‐cell infiltrates are now regarded as a peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (AILD T‐NHL). AILD T‐NHL is characterized clinically with constitutional symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is frequently detected in involved lymph nodes, but the presence of EBV in cutaneous infiltrates of AILD T‐NHL has rarely been examined. We present a patient with AILD T‐NHL with cutaneous involvement that shows marked heterogeneity of EBV expression in the lymph node and skin biopsies, and review the histological findings of AILD T‐NHL in the skin.Methods: Two skin biopsies of a diffuse maculopapular rash and a lymph node were examined and immunophenotyped. In situ hybridization for detection of EBV in the lymph node and skin biopsies was utilized. In order to attempt to delineate which lymphocytes were EBV positive, skin biopsies were dual labeled with CD3, CD45RO, CD20 and EBV. The skin biopsies and lymph node were submitted for gene rearrangement studies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Capillary electrophoresis of fluorescently labeled PCR products was utilized for PCR product quantitation.Results: The histological features of the lymph node were diagnostic of AILD T‐NHL and a T‐cell clone was identified by PCR. The skin biopsies showed an atypical superficial and deep perivascular polymorphous infiltrate consistent with cutaneous involvement by AILD T‐NHL. Both skin biopsies showed the same clonal T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement as the lymph node. In situ hybridization of the lymph node and one skin biopsy showed a few scattered EBV‐positive lymphocytes (<1% of the infiltrate). A second skin biopsy revealed 40–50% of the lymphocytes as EBV positive. Dual staining for CD20 and EBV identified a minority of EBV‐infected lymphocytes as B‐cells, but most of the EBV‐positive cells lacked staining for CD3 and CD45RO.Conclusions: In our patient, the same T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement was found by PCR in all three biopsy sites. Most cases of AILD T‐NHL contain only a few EBV‐positive cells, but in our patient the extent of EBV expression ranged from <1% to 40–50% of the AILD T‐NHL cutaneous infiltrate. To our knowledge, this case is the most extensive and heterogeneous expression of EBV in cutaneous AILD T‐NHL to date.
Primary cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis showing malignant phenotype in an elderly woman: report of a fatal case
Authors: Itoh Hiroshi , Miyaguni Hitoshi , Kataoka Hiroaki , Akiyama Yutaka , Tateyama Sunao , Marutsuka Kousuke , Asada Yujiro , Ogata Katsumi , Koono Masashi 
Published: March 2003

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferating disorder of Langerhans cells (LC) that are characterized by the presence of Birbeck granules. LCH has been considered to be a disease of childhood and there have been limited cases of adult LCH. We report here a fatal case of histiocytic tumor showing Langerhans cell phenotype, arising in the skin of a 74‐year‐old woman.Method: In addition to routine histological and immunohistological sections, electron microscopic examination and human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) assays were performed.Results: Histological examination revealed a dense dermal infiltrative proliferation of fairly large tumor cells with abundant ill‐defined cytoplasms and oval or indented nuclei, in which numerous eosinophils were associated with the tumor nests. Tumor cells were positive with anti‐S‐100 and CD1a antibodies but negative with HMB‐45 antibody or other epithelial or lymphocytic markers. Ultrastructural analysis showed typical Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. HUMARA assay of the tumor tissue revealed the nonrandom X inactivation pattern, indicating the clonal proliferation.Conclusions: We diagnosed this tumor as Langerhans cell histiocytosis with a clonal neoplastic phenotype originated in the skin. Although she demonstrated no recurrence nor metastases for 6 months after surgical resection of primary skin lesion and subsequent radiation therapy, the tumor recurred and extended multisystemically, and she died of multiple organ failure 14 months after initial diagnosis. Therefore, we would like to emphasize this case as LC “sarcoma” or “malignant” LCH.