bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hard X–ray observations of Extremely Red Objects
Authors: Brusa M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractExtremely Red Objects (EROs, R–K>5) constitute a heterogeneous class of extragalactic sources including high redshift elliptical galaxies, dusty star–forming systems and heavily obscured AGNs. Hard X‐ray observations provide an unique and powerful tool to uncover obscured nuclear or star–forming activity. We present the results of XMM–Newton observations of the largest sample of EROs available to date (about 450 objects over a contiguous area of 700 arcmin2). Five of the 46 hard X–ray selected sources brighter than 3 × 10–15 cgs in the 2–10 keV band, are associated with EROs. All of the X‐ray detected EROs show rather extreme X–ray–to–optical flux ratios, suggesting the presence of highly obscured AGN activity.We also report on the X–ray stacking analysis of spectroscopically identified EROs in the Chandra Deep Field South.
The XMM large‐scale structure survey: scientific motivation and first cluster candidates
Authors: Valtchanov I. , Pierre M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe XMM‐Newton Large‐Scale Structure Survey (XMM‐LSS) will ultimately cover a region of 8x8 square degrees and with the unprecedented sensitivity of XMM will provide a unique dataset to study the evolution of the cosmic network as traced by clusters and AGNs/QSOs.We discuss the scientific goals and show some first observations of candidate clusters.
Pulsed field losses and coupling current loop in a large‐current superconductor
Authors: Shimamoto Susumu , Murase Satoru , Nishii Kenji , Naitou Fuminobu , Matsui Kunihiro , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Tsuji Hiroshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPulsed field losses in a short sample (445 mm length) of 46‐kA Nb3Sn cable‐in‐conduit conductor of superconducting magnet for the fusion experimental reactor “ITER” are measured by a calorimetric method. The coupling time constant between strands is obtained as 30 ms through pulsed loss. Based on this time constant and interstrand conductance measurement, it is expected that there is a coupling current loop length of about 400 mm, which is longer than half the fabrication twist pitch in the fourth cabling stage. A geometrical calculation on several‐stage cabling shows this value to be reasonable. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 27–33, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10088
System identification using a genetic algorithm and its application to internal adaptive model control
Authors: Kumon Toshiro , Suzuki Tatsuya , Iwasaki Makato , Matsuzaki Motoaki , Matsui Nobuyuki , Okuma Shigeru 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe requirement for the high‐quality control of complex and/or structure‐unknown plant is growing in the real‐world industrial machine. Indirect Adaptive Control (IAC), which identifies model and updates the controllers automatically, is one promising way expected to meet this requirement. The conventional IAC, however, is required to know the structure of the controlled plant, that is, the order of its transfer function, in advance. This paper presents a new IAC scheme which makes use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in its identification part. In the proposed framework, the information on the order of the plant is not required since the genetic algorithm searches both the structure of the plant dynamics and its parameters autonomously. A two‐degree‐of‐freedom Internal Mode Control (IMC) is adopted as a basic control architecture since the indirect adaptation can be harmoniously embedded in it. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through numerical simulations and experiments applied to a velocity control of multimass systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 45–55, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10103
Behavior of magneto‐acoustic waves in a nonequilibrium subsonic disk MHD generator
Authors: Takana Hidemasa , Nabara Yoshihiro , Okuno Yoshihiro , Yamasaki Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe behavior of magneto‐acoustic waves in a nonequilibrium subsonic disk MHD generator was examined. The solution of the sixth‐order dispersion relation obtained by linearizing the set of MHD equations suggested that a magneto‐acoustic wave which propagates at a velocity of ur − a(ur: radial fluid velocity, a: sound velocity) should be damped in subsonic flow. From time‐dependent quasi‐one‐dimensional simulations, it was verified that the pressure disturbance in the subsonic generator was damped at approximately the same rate as the value predicted by the linear theory. From a simplified analytical model, the mechanism of magneto‐acoustic instability with fully ionized seed was discussed, and the damping criterion for the magneto‐acoustic wave was clarified. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 20–26, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10108
A method for unit commitment with transmission losses and flow constraint
Authors: Zhao Guoliang , Yamashiro Susumu 
Published: March 2003

AbstractResearches on the unit commitment with transmission network have been reported recently. However, most of these researches mainly discussed the security constrained unit commitment, while the relationship between unit commitment and transmission losses was not considered. However, from the standpoint of operating reserve for ensuring power supply reliability, a unit commitment considering transmission losses is required. Further, under the deregulation and liberalization of the electric power industry, not only the line's security but also transmission losses are expected to play an important role in calculating the network access charge, and unit commitment taking into account transmission losses is also desired from this viewpoint.In this paper, a unit commitment approach with both transmission losses and line flow constraint is presented. Based on a heuristic iterative optimization method, first, an initial schedule is created by using a successively decommitting unit approach that is proposed in this paper. Then, we determine constraints included in the unit commitment schedule by a heuristic iterative optimization approach, in which an algorithm able to get rid of line overload by DC optimal power flow is developed. Through numerical simulations on two test power systems, the effectiveness of the proposed method is shown. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 142(4): 9–19, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10116
Enhancement of TRAIL/Apo2L‐mediated apoptosis by adriamycin through inducing DR4 and DR5 in renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Wu Xiu‐Xian , Kakehi Yoshiyuki , Mizutani Youichi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Megumi Yuzuru , Ito Noriyuki , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most drug‐resistant malignancies in humans. We show that adriamycin (ADR) and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL)/Apo2L have a synergistic cytotoxic effect against RCC cells. This synergistic cytotoxicity was obtained in ACHN, A704, Caki‐1 and Caki‐2 human RCC cell lines and freshly derived RCC cells from 6 patients. This synergistic effect, however, was not achieved in 5 samples of freshly isolated normal kidney cells. We further explored the mechanisms underlying this synergistic effect and found that the synergistic cytotoxicity of TRAIL/Apo2L and ADR was realized by inducing apoptosis. Sequential treatment with ADR followed by TRAIL/Apo2L induced significantly more cytotoxicity than the reverse treatment. ADR increased the expression of DR4 and DR5 in RCC cells, but not in the normal kidney cells. Furthermore, the synergistic cytotoxicity was significantly inhibited by DR4:Fc and DR5:Fc fusion proteins, which inhibit TRAIL/Apo2L‐mediated apoptosis. In addition, caspase activity assays and treatment of caspase inhibitors demonstrated that the combination treatment with ADR and TRAIL/Apo2L activated caspase cascade, including caspase‐9, ‐8, ‐6 and ‐3, which were the downstream molecules of death receptors. These findings indicate that ADR sensitizes RCC cells to TRAIL/Apo2L‐mediated apoptosis through induction of DR4 and DR5, suggesting that the combination therapy of TRAIL/Apo2L and ADR might be effective for RCC therapy. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HSD17B1 and CYP17 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore
Authors: Wu Anna H. , Seow Adeline , Arakawa Kazuko , Van Den Berg David , Lee Hin‐Peng , Yu Mimi C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractReasons for the recent trend of increasing breast cancer incidence among Chinese and other Asian women are not well understood. Endogenous estrogen levels are strongly associated with breast cancer risk and its determinants include both genetic and lifestyle factors. We conducted a nested case‐control study to investigate, within the Singapore Chinese Health Study Cohort, the relationships between polymorphisms in 2 genes involved in estrogen metabolism, CYP17 and HSD17B1, and the risk of breast cancer. For this analysis, 188 incident breast cancer cases and 671 female cohort control subjects were compared. When the HSD17B1 A allele was considered as the “putative high‐risk” allele, there was a modest increased risk (adjusted relative risk, RR=1.37, 95% CI=0.90–2.07 for HSD17B1 AA vs. other); this association was statistically significant in analysis restricted to postmenopausal women (RR=1.86, 95% CI=1.14–3.03). There was no significant association between the CYP17 MspAI polymorphism and risk in all subjects (RR=1.06, 95% CI=0.65–1.74 for CYP17 A2A2 vs. CYP17 A1A1) or in postmenopausal women only. When we evaluated breast cancer risk in relation to the joint stratification of CYP17 and HSD17B1 genotypes and according to the combined number of putative high‐risk alleles (range, 0–4), we observed an elevated joint effect of the CYP17 and HSD17B1 genes on risk. Women who possessed all 4 putative high‐risk alleles of both genes (CYP17 A2A2 and HSD17B1 AA) vs. less displayed a nearly 2‐fold increased risk (RR=1.83, 95% CI=0.97–3.44); this finding was statistically significant in postmenopausal women (RR=2.31, 95% CI=1.07–4.98). Risk of breast cancer was similar among women possessing the other genotypes (i.e., less than 4 putative high‐risk alleles in the joint CYP17/HSD17B1 genotypes). In addition, the significant increased risk of breast cancer associated with nulliparity or late age at first live birth (age 31 years or older) was largely limited to women with the high‐risk CYP17 A1A2/A2A2 or HSD17B1 AA genotypes (RR=2.41, 95% CI=1.56–3.72; RR=4.39, 95% CI=1.71–11.30, respectively). The latter gene‐parity effects were especially pronounced in postmenopausal women. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of integrin α5β1 function with a small peptide (ATN‐161) plus continuous 5‐FU infusion reduces colorectal liver metastases and improves survival in mice
Authors: Stoeltzing Oliver , Liu Wenbiao , Reinmuth Niels , Fan Fan , Parry Graham C. , Parikh Alexander A. , McCarty Marya F. , Bucana Corazon D. , Mazar Andrew P. , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIntegrin α5β1 is expressed on activated endothelial cells and plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis. We hypothesized that a novel integrin α5β1 antagonist, ATN‐161, would inhibit angiogenesis and growth of liver metastases in a murine model. We further hypothesized that combining ATN‐161 with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemotherapy would enhance the antineoplastic effect. Murine colon cancer cells (CT26) were injected into spleens of BALB/c mice to produce liver metastases. Four days thereafter, mice were given either ATN‐161 (100 mg/kg, every 3rd day) or saline by intraperitoneal injection, with or without combination of continuous‐infusion 5‐FU (100 mg/kg/2 weeks), which was started on day 7. On day 20 after tumor cell inoculation, mice were killed and liver weights and number of liver metastases were determined. A follow‐up study on survival was also conducted in which mice were randomized to receive ATN‐161, 5‐FU or ATN‐161+5‐FU. Combination therapy with ATN‐161+5‐FU significantly reduced tumor burden (liver weight) and number of liver metastases (p<0.02). Liver tumors in the ATN‐161 and ATN‐161+5‐FU groups had significantly fewer microvessels (p<0.05) than tumors in the control or 5‐FU‐treated groups. Unlike treatment with either agent alone, ATN‐161+5‐FU significantly increased tumor cell apoptosis and decreased tumor cell proliferation (p<0.03) and improved overall survival (p<0.03, log‐rank test). Targeting integrin α5β1 in combination with 5‐FU infusion reduced liver metastases formation and improved survival in this colon cancer model. The enhancement of antineoplastic activity from the combination of anti‐angiogenic therapy and chemotherapy may be a promising approach for treating metastatic colorectal cancer. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus does not increase the striatal dopamine concentration in parkinsonian humans
Authors: Hilker Ruediger , Voges Juergen , Ghaemi Mehran , Lehrke Ralf , Rudolf Jobst , Koulousakis Athanasios , Herholz Karl , Wienhard Klaus , Sturm Volker , Heiss Wolf‐Dieter 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) has become an effective treatment option in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent animal studies showed an increase of neuronal firing in dopaminergic neurons under effective STN‐DBS. Increased striatal dopamine levels may also contribute to the stimulation's mechanism of action in humans. We investigated the striatal dopamine release in 6 patients with advanced PD under effective bilateral STN‐DBS with positron emission tomography (PET) of the reversible dopamine‐D2/3‐receptor ligand [11C]raclopride (RACLO). Although STN‐DBS proved to be a highly effective treatment in these subjects, we found no significant difference of the striatal RACLO binding between the STN‐DBS–on and –off condition. The changes of radioligand binding did not correlate with the patients' improvement in clinical rating scales or with the stimulation amplitudes. Therefore, our PET data in living parkinsonian humans do not provide evidence for an increased striatal dopamine concentration under effective STN‐DBS. We conclude that the modulation of dopaminergic activity does not seem to play a crucial role for the stimulation's mechanisms of action in parkinsonian humans. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Goodness‐of‐fit ethic for informed consent to research involving adults with mental retardation and developmental disabilities
Authors: Fisher Celia B. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis article reviews current theory and research on informed consent policies for adults with mental retardation within a relational ethics framework that re‐conceptualizes consent vulnerability in terms of the goodness‐of‐fit between participant decisional capacities and the specific consent context. Conceptualizing informed consent competence as a product of the relationship between person and consent context shifts assessment of decisional capacity away from an exclusive focus on a research participant's cognitive deficiencies to (a) an examination of those aspects of the consent setting that are creating or exacerbating consent vulnerability and (b) consideration of how the setting can be modified to produce a consent process that best reflects and protects the hopes, values, concerns, and welfare of adults with developmental disabilities. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2003;9:27–31.
A componentwise index of service measurement in multi‐component systems
Authors: Seshadri Sridhar , Swaminathan Jayashankar M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper we present a componentwise delay measure for estimating and improving the expected delays experienced by customers in a multi‐component inventory/assembly system. We show that this measure is easily computed. Further, in an environment where the performance of each of the item delays could be improved with investment, we present a solution that aims to minimize this measure and, in effect, minimizes the average waiting time experienced by customers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 2003
Laboratory studies on formation of bound residues and degradation of propiconazole in soils
Authors: Kim In Seon , Shim Jae Han , Suh Yong Tack 
Published: February 2003

AbstractLaboratory studies on the formation of bound residues and on the degradation of the triazole fungicide propiconazole were conducted in two different soils. Soils treated with 14C‐propiconazole were incubated at 22 °C and extracted exhaustively with a solvent at each sampling date until no further propiconazole was extracted. The solvent‐extractable residues were used to measure propiconazole remaining in the soil, and the extracted soils were used to investigate bound residues of propiconazole. Mineralization of propiconazole was investigated by measuring [14C]carbon dioxide evolved from the soil samples. Formation of bound residues of propiconazole was higher in silty clay loam soil than in sandy loam soil, giving approximately 38 and 23% of the applied 14C, respectively. In contrast, the rates of degradation and mineralization of propiconazole were lower in silty clay loam soil than in sandy loam soil. Decreased extractability of the 14C residues with incubation time was observed with increased formation of bound residues. When the propiconazole remaining in the solvent‐extractable residues was quantitatively measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatographic analysis, the half‐life value in sandy loam soil was about 315 days, while the half‐life in silty clay loam soil exceeded the duration of the 1 year experimental period. Increased formation of bound residues was observed as propiconazole degraded with incubation time, suggesting that degradation products are involved in the formation of bound residues. Our study suggests that the formation of bound residues of propiconazole contributes to the persistence of this fungicide in soil.© 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Fatigue in a community sample of twins
Authors: SULLIVAN P. F. , KOVALENKO P. , YORK T. P. , PRESCOTT C. A. , KENDLER K. S. 
Published: February 2003

Background. Fatigue is a complex symptom associated with many physiological, psychological and pathological processes. Its correlates and typology remain inadequately understood.Method. These data were from two large, longitudinal twin studies. Trained interviewers enquired as to the presence of a [ges ]5 day period in the previous year of fatigue or tiredness that interfered with daily activities. A range of potential correlates was assessed in a structured interview: demography; health beliefs; the presence of nine physical disorders; mood, anxiety and addictive disorders; neuroticism and extraversion; recollections of parental rearing; and nine stressful life events. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, CART, MARS, latent class analysis and univariate twin modelling.Results. Data were available for interfering fatigue (IF) on 7740 individual twins (prevalence 9·9% in the previous year). IF was significantly associated with 42 of 52 correlates (most strongly with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, reported major health problems and neuroticism). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that IF is a highly complex construct with different sets of correlates in its subtypes. There were two broad clusters of correlates of IF: (a) major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and neuroticism; and (b) beliefs of ill health coexisting with alcoholism and stressful life events. Twin analyses were consistent with aetiological heterogeneity – genetic effects may be particularly important in women and shared environmental effects in men.Conclusions. IF is a complex and common human symptom that is highly heterogeneous. More precise understanding of the determinants of IF may lead to a fuller understanding of more extreme conditions like chronic fatigue syndrome.
HLA‐DR, DQ nucleotide sequence polymorphisms in the Pasiegos (Pas valleys, Northern Spain) and comparison of the allelic and haplotypic frequencies with those of other European populations
Authors: Sánchez‐Velasco P. , Escribano de Diego J. , Paz‐Miguel J.E. , Ocejo‐Vinyals G. , Leyva‐Cobián F. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:In general, Northern Spain has remained geographically isolated from neighboring Spanish regions for centuries: steep mountains create small isolated and inbred population groups with their own characteristic cultures and unique gene pools. The Pasiego region forms an area of distinctive characteristics among the people living in Northern Spain, although the origin of the inhabitants of the Pas valleys (Pasiegos) is not clearly defined. We have studied the MHC class II alleles in a large sample of unrelated individuals living in the Pas valleys. Allelic and haplotypic frequencies, population distances and their corresponding dendrogram, using the N‐J method, were used to study the relationships between populations. The closest is observed between Pasiegos and Danes, followed by other European people in the following decreasing order: Poles, Germans, non‐Pasiego Cantabrians, Belgians, Basques, French, other Spaniards from Madrid, Italians, Finns, Croatians, Welsh, Ashkenazi Jews and other Mediterranean populations (Greeks, Hungarians, Sardinians and Bulgarians). Particular characteristic Northern European alleles are observed with high frequency in the Pasiegos and non‐Pasiego Cantabrians (DRB1*1501‐DQA1*0102‐DQB1*0602). The second most frequent three‐locus haplotype in both populations is DRB1*0701‐DQA1*0201‐DQB1*0201. These observations suggest an important mixture of alleles from geographically distinct areas. In conclusion, the Pasiegos are typical examples of isolated genetic pools in the Iberian Peninsula and allow one to suggest that what we call the “Pasiego cluster” can be considered, in many ways, as another example of the few deviant groups (e.g. Lapps, Basques and Sardinians) having preserved their genetic, social and ethnographic characteristics and, in some cases, their ancestral language.
Strong association between HLA‐Cw*0706 and HLA‐B*44032 in the Bubi population from Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Van Der Vlies S.A. , Voorter C.E.M. , De Pablo R. , Vilches C. , Van Den Berg‐Loonen E.M. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:Unrelated Bubi, native to the island of Bioko (Equatorial Guinea), were previously typed by low‐resolution polymerase chain reaction using sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) and serology for HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C. HLA‐B*44 was found frequently and associated with Cw*07. We have studied the HLA subtypes of 20 B*44pos/Cw*07pos Bubi individuals. HLA‐B and ‐C were typed by sequencing exons 2 and 3. To distinguish the alleles Cw*1701/02/03, Cw*07011/012/06 and Cw*1801/02 additional sequencing of exon 1 or 5 was performed. All 20 B*44pos/Cw*07pos individuals of the Bubi population were typed Cw*0706 positive. Nineteen of them carried the B*44032 allele and one B*4407. In addition, 19 B*44neg/Cw*07pos Bubi individuals were typed for HLA‐C and none of them proved Cw*0706 positive. To determine whether the association between Cw*0706 and B*44032 was limited to the Bubi, 19 individuals from Dutch Caucasian families were typed in which B44 and Cw7 segregated on one haplotype. None of these individuals showed the presence of B*44032 or Cw*0706. The haplotypes found in the Dutch Caucasians were B*4402‐Cw*0704, B*44031‐Cw*07011 and B*44031‐Cw*0702. The present observation indicates a strong association between B*44032 and Cw*0706 in the Bubi population.