bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergies, body mass, and hospitalization due to arbovirus infection: A prospective surveillance study in Machala, Ecuador
Authors: Hargrave Anita S. , Sippy Rachel , Cueva Cinthya , Polhemus Mark , Beltran Efrain , Abbott Mark A. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are arboviruses that cause 390 million infections annually. Risk factors for hospitalization are poorly understood. Communities affected by these diseases have an escalating prevalence of allergies and obesity, which are linked to immune dysfunction. We assessed the association of allergies or body mass with hospitalization for an arbovirus infection. From 2014 to 2017, we recruited participants with a clinical diagnosis of arbovirus infection. Arbovirus infections were laboratory-confirmed and allergies were self-reported. Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight, and height were measured. We used two logistic regression models to assess the relationships between hospitalization and allergies and between hospitalization and body mass (MUAC for participants <20 years old and body mass index (BMI) for adults ≥20 years old). Models were stratified by age group and adjusted for confounders. For allergies, 41 of 265 were hospitalized. There was no association between allergies and hospitalization. For body mass, 34 of 251 were hospitalized. There was a 43% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional centimetre MUAC among children (aOR 0.566, 95% CI 0.252–1.019) and a 12% decrease in hospitalization odds for each additional BMI unit among adults (aOR 0.877, 95% CI 0.752–0.998). Our work encourages the exploration of the underlying mechanisms.
The ‘pheasant of the future’: Encountering and imagining Reeves’ pheasant in Britain, 1831 – 1913
Authors: Carter Matthew 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the presence of Reeves’ pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii) in Britain. It investigates how encounters between British people and Reeves’ pheasant informed their imaginings of the species, from its first introduction into Britain from China in 1831 to 1913 when a serious decline in its numbers began. Drawing on natural history texts, records from the Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, technical literature on pheasant rearing, and extracts from periodicals, magazines, and generalist encyclopaedias, this paper shows how imagined and physical encounters with Reeves’ pheasant, by naturalists, acclimatisers, pheasant enthusiasts, and sportsmen, informed shifting constructions of the species, which influenced and shaped its presence in Britain.
Computable soft separation axioms
Authors: Elsayed S. M. , Ng Keng Meng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSoft sets were introduced as a means to study objects that are not defined in an absolute way and have found applications in numerous areas of mathematics, decision theory, and in statistical applications. Soft topological spaces were first considered in Shabir and Naz ((2011). Computers & Mathematics with Applications61 (7) 1786–1799) and soft separation axioms for soft topological spaces were studied in El-Shafei et al. ((2018). Filomat32 (13) 4755–4771), El-Shafei and Al-Shami ((2020). Computational and Applied Mathematics39 (3) 1–17), Al-shami ((2021). Mathematical Problems in Engineering2021). In this paper, we introduce the effective versions of soft separation axioms. Specifically, we focus our attention on computable u-soft and computable p-soft separation axioms and investigate various relations between them. We also compare the effective and classical versions of these soft separation axioms.
Water law
Authors: Soininen Niko , Belinskij Antti , Puharinen Suvi-Tuuli 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article gives an overview of the global water law research and provides a contemporary understanding of water law spanning across public and private law questions of natural resources use, environmental protection, and water-related disasters. The overview is based on a systematic literature review. Using HLA Hart’s distinction, we divide the various strands of water law scholarship into two main perspectives, namely the internal and the external. From the law’s internal perspective, water law research is conducted with an intent to interpret and clarify rights and obligations in existing legal instruments, such as multilateral agreements and national statutes, and case law. Based on the literature review, vibrant themes from this perspective are water use and protection, water cooperation, human right to water, rights of nature, water security, water services, and coherence between legal instruments and institutions. From law’s external perspective, the focus of water law research is to analyse and understand how law as an instrument and societal institution facilitates and steers, but also impedes, the movement of public and private actors toward certain societal goals effectively and legitimately. Here, themes such as water law in collaborative and adaptive governance, ecosystem approach, good governance, and climate change adaptation are central.
Spatial and Temporal Resolution Needs for Volcano Topographic Change Data Sets Based on Past Eruptions (1980–2019)
Authors: Eiden E. , Pritchard M. E. , Lundgren P. R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUp‐to‐date topography data sets are essential for forecasting volcanic hazards and monitoring deformation. Digital elevation models are used to quantify eruption rates, used in flow modeling programs, and are necessary to accurately process interferometric synthetic aperture radar data for surface deformation. We can track topographic change at volcanoes through fieldwork, airborne instruments, and satellite data, with the last providing the greatest potential for global coverage. Despite this global coverage, we do not know the characteristics of topographic change at volcanoes over a given time interval. We define the specific acquisition needs for topography data using topographic change detected from recent eruptions. We review existing literature and compile a data set of eruptive products (121 lava flows, 99 domes and 163 pyroclastic density currents (PDCs)) from eruptions between 1980 and 2019. We find that different sensing capabilities are required for different use cases. A vertical accuracy of 1 m would detect 92% of all eruptive products including 100% of lava domes and lava flows, but only 78% of PDCs. A horizontal resolution of 13 × 13 m pixels is the minimum necessary to detect 90% of all eruptive products. Explosive eruptions (with PDC products) typically lasted less than 1 day and would need a temporal resolution of 1 day while a longer repeat interval is acceptable at effusive eruptions (lava domes and flows), which could last weeks to years. We find a lack of consistent data acquisition, with 45% of the 383 eruptive products reported not having published spatial dimensions.
Satellite Gravity Field Recovery Using Variance‐Covariance Information From Ocean Tide Models
Authors: Hauk Markus , Wilms Josefine , Sulzbach Roman , Panafidina Natalia , Hart‐Davis Michael , Dahle Christoph , Müller Vitali , Murböck Michael , Flechtner Frank 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonthly gravity field recovery using data from the GRACE and GRACE Follow‐On missions includes errors limiting the spatial and temporal resolution of the estimated gravity fields. The major error contributions, besides the noise of the accelerometer instruments, arise from temporal aliasing errors due to imperfections in the non‐tidal atmospheric and oceanic de‐aliasing models and ocean tide models. We derive uncertainty information for the eight major tidal constituents from five different ocean tide models and introduce it into the gravity field recovery process in terms of a constrained normal equation system while expanding the parameter space by additional tidal parameters to be adjusted. We prove the effectiveness of the ocean tide variance‐covariance information through realistic simulations and we assess its potential based on microwave and laser interferometer observations from the GRACE Follow‐On mission. We show that errors are reduced by more than 20% ocean wRMS for a Gaussian filter radius of 300 km if uncertainty information for ocean tides is considered and stochastic modeling of instrument errors is applied, compared to the latest GFZ release 6.1. Our results also show the limited visibility of the effectiveness of the ocean tide variance‐covariance information due to the dominating error contribution of non‐tidal atmospheric and oceanic mass variations. Additionally, we investigate the option of estimating ocean tide parameters over a 1‐year period while including ocean tide uncertainty information in order to improve ocean tide background modeling.
The Influence of Internal Climate Variability on Stratospheric Water Vapor Increases After Large‐Magnitude Explosive Tropical Volcanic Eruptions
Authors: Zhou Xin , Mann Graham W. , Feng Wuhu , Dhomse Sandip S. , Chipperfield Martyn P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSubstantial and prolonged enhancements in stratospheric water vapor (SWV) have occurred after large‐magnitude explosive tropical volcanic eruptions, with modified tropopause entry caused by aerosol‐absorptive heating. Here, we analyze the timing and longevity of heating‐driven post‐eruption SWV changes within CMIP6‐VolMIP short‐term climate‐response experiments with the UK Earth System Model (UKESM1). We find aerosol‐absorptive heating causes peak SWV increases of 17% (∼1 ppmv) and 10% (0.5 ppmv) at 100 and 50 hPa, at ∼18 and ∼23 months after a Pinatubo‐like eruption, respectively. We track the temperature response in the tropical lower stratosphere and identify the main SWV increase occurs only after the descending aerosol heating reaches the tropopause, suggesting a key role for aerosol microphysical processes (sedimentation rate). We explore how El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability modulates this effect. Post‐eruption SWV increases are ∼80% stronger for the La Nina phase compared to the ensemble mean. Tropical upwelling strongly mediates this effect.
Sink, Source or Something In‐Between? Net Effects of Precipitation on Aerosol Particle Populations
Authors: Khadir Théodore , Riipinen Ilona , Talvinen Sini , Heslin‐Rees Dominic , Pöhlker Christopher , Rizzo Luciana , Machado Luiz A. T. , Franco Marco A. , Kremper Leslie A. , Artaxo Paulo , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku , Tunved Peter , Ekman Annica M. L. , Krejci Radovan , Virtanen Annele 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInteractions between atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and precipitation impact Earth's radiative balance and air quality, yet remain poorly constrained. Precipitating clouds serve as major sinks for particulate matter, but recent studies suggest that precipitation may also act as a particle source. The magnitude of the sources versus sinks, particularly for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) numbers, remain unquantified. This study analyzes multi‐year in situ observations from tropical and boreal forests, as well as Arctic marine environment, showing links between recent precipitation and enhanced particle concentrations, including CCN‐sized particles. In some cases, the magnitude of precipitation‐related source equals or surpasses corresponding removal effect. Our findings highlight the importance of cloud‐processed material in determining near‐surface particle concentrations and the value of long‐term in situ observations for understanding aerosol particle life cycle. Robust patterns emerge from sufficiently long data series, allowing for quantitative assessment of the large‐scale significance of new phenomena observed in case studies.
Paleomagnetism of Late Triassic Volcanic Rocks From the South Qiangtang Block, Tibet: Constraints on Longmuco‐Shuanghu Ocean Closure in the Paleo‐Tethys Realm
Authors: Wei Bitian , Cheng Xin , Domeier Mathew , Zhou Yanan , Chen Qinglong , Jiang Nan , Xing Longyun , Zhang Dongmeng , Li Teng , Liu Feifan , Zhang Jiahui , Wu Hanning 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe South Qiangtang block of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau represents an area critical to understanding the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic history of the Tethyan realm, but its drift history remains poorly constrained. Here we report a new quantitative paleogeographic constraint for the South Qiangtang block from a paleomagnetic study of Late Triassic volcanic rocks of the Xiaoqiebao Formation. A characteristic remanent magnetization isolated from 25 sites passes both fold‐ and reversal tests, and likely represents a primary magnetization. On the basis of these data, we estimate that the South Qiangtang block occupied a paleolatitude of 30.1 ± 4.6°N at ca. 222 Ma. When combined with existing paleomagnetic constraints, these new results indicate that the South Qiangtang block (and other “Cimmerian” blocks) moved rapidly northward (in true latitude) between the middle Permian and Late Triassic. Our new data further suggest that the southern branch of the Paleo‐Tethys (Longmuco‐Shuanghu Ocean) likely closed by the mid‐Late Triassic.
Tidal Modulation of Energy Dissipation Routes in the Gulf Stream
Authors: Contreras M. , Renault L. , Marchesiello P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Gulf Stream (GS) is a powerful ocean current that is instrumental in regulating the global climate. While a correct reproduction of GS dynamics is contingent on an appropriate representation of energy dissipation, the specific role of tides in dissipation pathways of the wind‐driven circulation is not well understood. Here, we present evidence, using high‐resolution ocean simulations (∼2 km grid spacing), that ocean tides, by generating internal gravity waves, increase the forward cascade of energy in the GS region. This effect is greatest in summer, when the intensity of internal tides increases. However, the dissipation route associated with the forward energy cascade remains an order of magnitude weaker than frictional dissipation near the surface and bottom boundaries.
Mass‐Conserving Downscaling of Climate Model Precipitation Over Mountainous Terrain for Water Resource Applications
Authors: Rugg A. , Gutmann E. D. , McCrary R. R. , Lehner F. , Newman A. J. , Richter J. H. , Tye M. R. , Wood A. W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA mass‐conserving method to downscale precipitation from global climate models (GCMs) using sub‐grid‐scale topography and modeled 700‐mb wind direction is presented. Runoff is simulated using a stand‐alone hydrological model, with this and several other methods as inputs, and compared to runoff simulated using historical observations over the western contiguous United States. Results suggest the mitigation of grid‐scale biases is more critical than downscaling for some regions with large wet biases (e.g., the Great Basin and Upper Colorado). In other regions (e.g., the Pacific Northwest) the new method produces more realistic sub‐grid‐scale variability in runoff compared to unadjusted GCM output and a simpler downscaling method. The presented method also brings the runoff centroid timing closer to that simulated with observations for all subregions examined.
Triple‐Dome Electrostatic Energy Analyzer With 360° Field‐Of‐View for Simultaneous Measurements of Ions and Electrons
Authors: Hirahara Masafumi , Takei Tomomi , Yokota Shoichiro , Yanagimachi Tomoki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe demonstrative space plasma physics communities in the world have been conducting intensive research and development activities for instrument miniaturization because compact and lightweight sensors are required for installation on micro/small satellites and CubeSats in ongoing and future space exploration missions. Recently, we designed a novel type of space plasma instrument capable of simultaneous energy analyses of low‐energy (∼eV to several 10s of keV) electrons and ions with a single sensor head consisting of triple‐dome analyzer with triple‐layer collimator for covering 360° field‐of‐view similar to that of the prevailing top‐hat type. Two separate but correlated electrostatic fields, produced by a single high‐voltage supply unit in double gaps of the triple‐dome/layer structures, are used for electron/ion energy analyses. In the breadboard model (BBM) designed here, the energy/angular resolutions and the analyzer constants (ratios of measured particle energy to applied voltage) are approximately 9.0%/3.5° and 4.0, and 10%/4° and 4.4 for the electron and ion energy analyses, respectively. We also fabricated the first BBM of the triple‐dome type of electrostatic analyzer for experimental performance tests in electron/ion beamline facility. According to the experimental data by the two‐dimensionally position‐sensitive particle detector, the calibrated properties of energy/angular analyses and the other sensor performance show good agreement with numerical design results. The performance of the triple‐dome analyzer would satisfy observation requirements, as represented by measurements of three‐dimensional velocity distributions of electrons and ions in future missions using spin‐type microsatellites/CubeSats under stringent resource conditions.
The Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Storm Track Simulated in the High‐Resolution Community Earth System Model
Authors: Wang Zhaoying , Li Mingkui , Zhang Shaoqing , Small R. Justin , Lu Lv , Yuan Man , Yong Jianlin , Lin Xiaopei , Wu Lixin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith a pair of high‐resolution (HR, 10 km ocean and 25 km atm) and low‐resolution (LR, 100 km ocean and 100 km atm) Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulations, we investigate and compare the long‐term mean Northern Hemisphere (NH) wintertime storm tracks against reanalysis data. Based on several Eulerian measures, the CESM‐HR shows a poleward shift of the NH storm tracks and a reduced equatorward bias in the North Pacific relative to the CESM‐LR. Those may be associated with the refined topography of the Tibetan Plateau as well as the improved subtropical jet, stationary planetary waves, atmospheric baroclinity, and baroclinic energy conversion over the North Pacific. We also find that sharper oceanic fronts along the Kuroshio Extension accompanied by enhanced local atmospheric baroclinity and strengthened eddy heat flux over the northern North Pacific could be related to those improvements. Nevertheless, the North Atlantic storm track in HR is placed too north, leading to a larger negative bias over the subtropical zone than in LR. The simulated insufficient subtropical sensible and latent heat fluxes and northward zonal winds in HR seemingly coincide with the deficits in the North Atlantic storm track. The stronger NH branch of the Hadley cell and its poleward expansion in HR may be linked to the changes in the tropical precipitation and the poleward shift of the NH storm tracks. Further studies of attributing these biases to a specific aspect of the climate model by sensitivity experiments are warranted for further clarification of the mechanisms.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Machine Learned Mesoscale Eddy Parameterization Into a Numerical Ocean Circulation Model
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Perezhogin Pavel , Gultekin Cem , Adcroft Alistair , Fernandez‐Granda Carlos , Zanna Laure 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe address the question of how to use a machine learned (ML) parameterization in a general circulation model (GCM), and assess its performance both computationally and physically. We take one particular ML parameterization (Guillaumin & Zanna, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10506419.1) and evaluate the online performance in a different model from which it was previously tested. This parameterization is a deep convolutional network that predicts parameters for a stochastic model of subgrid momentum forcing by mesoscale eddies. We treat the parameterization as we would a conventional parameterization once implemented in the numerical model. This includes trying the parameterization in a different flow regime from that in which it was trained, at different spatial resolutions, and with other differences, all to test generalization. We assess whether tuning is possible, which is a common practice in GCM development. We find the parameterization, without modification or special treatment, to be stable and that the action of the parameterization to be diminishing as spatial resolution is refined. We also find some limitations of the machine learning model in implementation: (a) tuning of the outputs from the parameterization at various depths is necessary; (b) the forcing near boundaries is not predicted as well as in the open ocean; (c) the cost of the parameterization is prohibitively high on central processing units. We discuss these limitations, present some solutions to problems, and conclude that this particular ML parameterization does inject energy, and improve backscatter, as intended but it might need further refinement before we can use it in production mode in contemporary climate models.
Music prevents stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behavior in mice
Authors: Fu Qiang , Qiu Rui , Chen Lei , Chen Yuewen , Qi Wen , Cheng Yong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDepression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder worldwide and remains incurable; however, there is little research on its prevention. The leading cause of depression is stress, and music has been hypothesized to alleviate stress. To examine the potential beneficial effects of music on stress and depression, we subjected mice to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) during the day and music at night. Strikingly, our results indicated that music completely prevented CUMS-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice, as assessed by the open field, tail suspension, sucrose preference, novelty suppressed feeding, and elevated plus maze tests. We found that listening to music restored serum corticosterone levels in CUMS mice, which may contribute to the beneficial effects of music on the mouse brain, including the restoration of BDNF and Bcl-2 levels. Furthermore, listening to music prevented CUMS-induced oxidative stress in the serum, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of mice. Moreover, the CUMS-induced inflammatory responses in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice were prevented by listening to music. Taken together, we have demonstrated for the first time in mice experiments that listening to music prevents stress-induced depression and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Music may restore hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis homeostasis, preventing oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotrophic factor deficits, which had led to the observed phenotypes in CUMS mice.
Polarity protein AF6 functions as a modulator of necroptosis by regulating ubiquitination of RIPK1 in liver diseases
Authors: Xinyu Wang , Qian Wen , Yanjun Wu , Jingwen Kong , Keying Xu , Jiazheng Jiao , Haibing Zhang , Kai Wang , Xiao Xu , Lixing Zhan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractsAF6, a known polarity protein, contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis while ensuring tissue architecture, repair, and integrity. Mice that lack AF6 display embryonic lethality owing to cell–cell junction disruption. However, we show AF6 promotes necroptosis via regulating the ubiquitination of RIPK1 by directly interact with the intermediate domain of RIPK1, which was mediated by the deubiquitylase enzyme USP21. Consistently, while injection of mice with an adenovirus providing AF6 overexpression resulted in accelerated TNFα-induced necroptosis-mediated mortality in vivo, we observed that mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of AF6 prevented hepatocytes from necroptosis and the subsequent inflammatory response in various liver diseases model, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).Together, these data suggest that AF6 represents a novel regulator of RIPK1-RIPK3 dependent necroptotic pathway. Thus, the AF6-RIPK1-USP21 axis are potential therapeutic targets for treatment of various liver injuries and metabolic diseases.