bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two novel methods for counting wheat ears in the field with terrestrial LiDAR
Authors: Gu Yangyang , Ai Hongxu , Guo Tai , Liu Peng , Wang Yongqing , Zheng Hengbiao , Cheng Tao , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing , Yao Xia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The metrics for assessing the yield of crops in the field include the number of ears per unit area, the grain number per ear, and the thousand-grain weight. Typically, the ear number per unit area contributes the most to the yield. However, calculation of the ear number tends to rely on traditional manual counting, which is inefficient, labour intensive, inaccurate, and lacking in objectivity. In this study, two novel extraction algorithms for the estimation of the wheat ear number were developed based on the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in conjunction with the density-based spatial clustering (DBSC) algorithm based on the normal and the voxel-based regional growth (VBRG) algorithm. The DBSC involves two steps: (1) segmentation of the point clouds using differences in the normal vectors and (2) clustering of the segmented point clouds using a density clustering algorithm to calculate the ear number. The VBRG involves three steps: (1) voxelization of the point clouds, (2) construction of the topological relationships between the voxels as a connected region using the k-dimensional tree, and (3) detection of the wheat ears in the connected areas using a regional growth algorithm.

Results
The results demonstrated that DBSC and VBRG were promising in estimating the number of ears for different cultivars, planting densities, N fertilization rates, and growth stages of wheat (RMSE = 76 ~ 114 ears/m2, rRMSE = 18.62 ~ 27.96%, r = 0.76 ~ 0.84). Comparing the performance of the two algorithms, the overall accuracy of the DBSC (RMSE = 76 ears/m2, rRMSE = 18.62%, r = 0.84) was better than that of the VBRG (RMSE = 114 ears/m2, rRMSE = 27.96%, r = 0.76). It was found that with the DBSC, the calculation in points as units permitted more detailed information to be retained, and this method was more suitable for estimation of the wheat ear number in the field.

Conclusions
The algorithms adopted in this study provide new approaches for non-destructive measurement and efficient acquisition of the ear number in the assessment of the wheat yield phenotype.
Effect of preoperative PI-RADS assessment on pathological outcomes in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy
Authors: Peng Qianyu , Xu Lili , Zhang Gumuyang , Zhang Daming , Zhang Jiahui , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Bai Xin , Chen Li , Jin Zhengyu , Sun Hao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To assess the effect of preoperative MRI with standardized Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) assessment on pathological outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).

Patients and methods
This retrospective cohort study included patients who had undergone prostate MRI and subsequent RP for PCa between January 2017 and December 2022. The patients were divided into the PI-RADS group and the non-PI-RADS group according to evaluation scheme of presurgery MRI. The preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were retrieved and analyzed. The pathological outcomes included pathological T stage (pT2 vs. pT3–4) and positive surgical margins (PSMs). Patients were further stratified according to statistically significant preoperative variables to assess the difference in pathological outcomes. A propensity score matching based on the above preoperative characteristics was additionally performed.

Results
A total of 380 patients were included in this study, with 201 patients in the PI-RADS group and 179 in the non-PI-RADS group. The two groups had similar preoperative characteristics, except for clinical T stage (cT). As for pathological outcomes, the PI-RADS group showed a significantly lower percentage of pT3–4 (21.4% vs. 48.0%, p < 0.001), a lower percentage of PSMs (31.3% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.055), and a higher concordance between the cT and pT (79.1% vs. 64.8%, p = 0.003). The PI-RADS group also showed a lower proportion of pT3–4 (p < 0.001) in the cT1–2 subgroup and the cohort after propensity score matching. The PSM rate of cT3 patients was reduced by 39.2% in the PI-RADS group but without statistical significance (p = 0.089).

Conclusions
Preoperative MRI with standardized PI-RADS assessment could benefit the decision-making of patients by reducing the rate of pathologically confirmed non-organ-confined PCa after RP and slightly reducing the PSM rate compared with non-PI-RADS assessment.
Restoring Well Production by Replacing the Damaged Area with a Thermally Operated Bismuth Alloy: a Cure for Leakage
Authors: Al Marhoon Z. A. , Shearer D. , Alsharaawi A. O. , Swadi S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sustained casing pressure (SCP) is a common problem throughout the oil and gas industry. Many wells will suffer from the problem at some point during their lifetime(Rocha-Valadez et al., 2014). Currently, there are several methods available to remediate SCP. However, there are several factors that determine the remediation approach. These can include but are not limited to the source of the pressure, the location of the pressure i.e. which annulus or combination of annulus, the well construction design, the life cycle stage of the well, the barriers in place and the companies/regulatory policies etc. Whilst not all SCP issues are the result of leaks in casing, liners or the cement that had has been used to provide zonal isolation, this paper is primarily focused on these types of issues.
The primary objective of cementing is to provide zonal isolation, such that downhole fluids are prevented from flowing into the casing annuli and potentially to the surface. The exception being for the production flow path. Such isolation is part of well integrity (NORSOK, 2004). Any event/incident that damages the sealability of cement or causes downhole fluids to flow to the surface behind casing strings jeopardizes the integrity of the well. These events lead to SCP and may require a shut-in of the well if not cured. The objective of this paper is to discuss yard tests of Bismuth alloy as a treatment for SCP. The Bismuth alloy will be a gas tight sealant at the fluid leakage source location.
Effect of mechanical recycling on the structure and properties of plasticized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Bernabé Ignacio , Amarilla Erika , Orden María Ulagares de la , Urreaga Joaquín Martínez , Beltrán Freddys R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bioplastics such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) emerge as an interesting alternative to conventional fossil-fuel based plastics and as part of the solution their associated environmental issues. Nevertheless, end-of-life scenarios are still a major concern, especially within a circular economy framework. When feasible, mechanical recycling appears as the best alternative, since it saves raw materials and energy. However, the viability of mechanical recycling can be compromised by the degradation of the plastic during its use and during the recycling process, and by the presence of certain additives. Consequently, the main objective of this work is to study the effect of accelerated ageing and mechanical recycling on the structure and properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) based formulations. The obtained results suggest that accelerated ageing and mechanical recycling led only to a slight degradation of the pure PHBV material, along with small variations in the thermal and mechanical properties. However, the plasticized PHBV formulations showed a more severe degradation, and increased thermal stability and stiffness, which could be result of the elimination of the plasticizer during the recycling. Overall, mechanical recycling seems to be an interesting valorisation strategy for PHBV wastes, although, especial attention should be paid to the additives present in the materials.
Primary breast carcinoma in ectopic breast tissue in the suprapubic region mimicking subcutaneous nodule: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Murguia Jose Luis Guzman , Nieto Diego Alberto Guajardo , Sandoval Diana Carolina Correa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Ectopic breast tissue is a common congenital condition resulting from incomplete involution of the milk line. Primary carcinomas of ectopic breast tissue have been reported in a small number of cases, with the axilla being the most common site. However, it may be present anywhere along the breast line.
Case Presentation:
We present the case of a 69-year-old woman with an asymptomatic subcutaneous nodule at the end of a laparotomy scar in the suprapubic region. It is compatible with no special type (ductal) carcinoma of the breast line. She is currently stable and undergoing treatment with letrozole.
Conclusions
The importance of a timely diagnosis cannot be overstated. Knowledge of the rare presentations of this disease is crucial.
Narrow gap welding of 316L thick-section steel with cold metal transition pulsed arc swing
Authors: Meng Wei , Chen Kai , Pan Qinyue , Ye Kai , Liu Zhenhua , Ma Qunshuang , Hu Lei , Du Wenbo , Yin Xiaohui 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Narrow gap welding of 316L stainless steel thick plate was carried out using the cold metal transition pulsed wire-arc swing method. The effects of heat input, arc swing and shielding mode on weld shaping and lack of fusion were investigated, and microstructure and tensile properties of welded joints were analyzed and characterized. The results indicate that arc swing amplitude was the primary factor influencing sidewall fusion. The tendency to develop undercutting and incomplete fusion at the weld toes increased with increasing wire feed rate. Narrow gap welds are prone to porosity with built-in shielding. Microstructure of welded joints was mostly represented by twin crystals in HAZ and columnar dendrites in the weld. Under high heat input, solidification sub-boundaries form between dendritic crystal clusters in the middle of weld, resulting in severe regional segregation and crystalline cracks that extend along sub-grain boundaries. The microhardness of weld and HAZ was greater than that of base material. The tensile strength of welded joints was comparable to that of base material. Defect-free tensile specimens fractured in the base material and welded joints with good mechanical properties were obtained.
Use of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) juice byproduct as an additive in fish diets: Response of growth performance, antioxidant status, and disease resistance juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) to different feeding strategies
Authors: Choi Jin , Oh Hwa Yong , Lee Tae Hoon , Lee Gyu Jin , Kim Hee Sung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yacon juice byproduct (YJB) is regarded waste, but it contains bioactive compounds and can be used as an additive in fish feed. This study evaluated the effects of feeding strategy of YJB on the growth performance, digestive and antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance of rockfish. 480 juvenile rockfish (15.5 ± 0.01 g) were distributed into tanks. Four different YJB feeding strategies were evaluated in triplicate: feeding with the basal diet continuously (control, T0), feeding with YJB continuously (T1), feeding with YJB for 1 day and the basal diet for the next day (T2), and feeding with YJB for 1 day and the basal diet for the following 2 days (T3). At the end of 8 week feeding experiment, T1 and T2 groups exhibited enhancement in growth performance compared with T0 and T3 groups. Intestinal digestive enzyme activity was higher in T1 and T2 than in T0 and T3. Lysozyme and antioxidant capacity were higher all YJB feeding regimens than the control treatment. The survival rates in all YJB treatment groups after the challenge with Streptococcus iniae were enhanced. In conclusion, offering YJB at day-to-day intervals is recommended to improve growth performance, digestive and antioxidant status, and disease resistance.
Application and evaluation of artificial intelligence 3D preoperative planning software in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Xie Hongbin , Yi Jiafeng , Huang Yijian Huang , Guo Renwen , Liu Yubo , Kong Xiangpeng , Chai Wei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Accurate preoperative planning is crucial for successful total hip arthroplasty (THA) for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of an artificial intelligence-assisted three-dimensional (3D) planning system (AIHIP) with two-dimensional templates in predicting acetabular cup size in THA for DDH.
Method: This study retrospectively analyzed image data from 103 DDH patients who had THA between May 2019 and August 2023. AIHIP was used for 3D planning and two-dimensional (2D) templates were used by two experienced surgeons. Accuracy was assessed by comparing predicted and actual cup sizes, and potential factors affecting accuracy were analyzed, including gender, side, BMI, and dysplasia classification.
Results: AIHIP had higher accuracy in predicting the acetabular cup size compared to the 2D template. Within ±0 size, AIHIP's accuracy was 84.1%, while the 2D template's was 64.0% (P <0.05). Within ±1 size, AIHIP's accuracy was 95.1%, while the 2D template's was 81.1% (P <0.05). Accuracy was unaffected by gender, side, or BMI but was by DDH classification. In subgroup analysis, AIHIP's mean absolute error (0.21±0.54) was significantly lower than the 2D template's (0.62±0.95) for Crowe II and Crowe III (P <0.05).
Conclusion: AIHIP is superior to 2D templates in predicting the acetabular cup size accurately for THA in DDH patients. AIHIP may be especially beneficial for Crowe II and III DDH patients, as 2D templates may not accurately predict cup size in these cases.
Strategi Pemasaran Bisnis Kuliner di Era New Normal
Authors: Atlantika I Gusti Ayu Sri , Supartini Ni Luh , Yani Ni Wayan Mega Sari Apri 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal pada The Old Champ Café di era new normal dan merumuskan strategi pemasaran alternatif yang perlu dilakukan The Old Champ Café dalam persaingannya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat kekuatan (harga, orang, proses dan penentuan posisi), ada enam kelemahan (produk, tempat, promosi, bukti fisik, segmentasi dan penargetan), ada dua peluang (demografis dan volume), dan yang terakhir ada dua ancaman0 (geografis dan psikografis). Strategi alternatif yang perlu dilakukan The Old Champ Café antara lai: Strategi SO, ST, WO dan WT.

This study aims to determine the internal and external environmental conditions at The Old Champ Café in the new normal era and formulate alternative marketing strategies that The Old Champ Café needs to do in its competition. The methods used are interviews, observation, questionnaires and documentation. The results showed four strengths (price, people, process and positioning), there were six weaknesses (product, place, promotion, physical evidence, segmentation and targeting), there were two opportunities (demographic and volume), and lastly there were two threats (geographic and psychographic). Alternative strategies that need to be carried out by The Old Champ Café include: Strategies SO (Strengh Opportunity), ST (Strengh Threat), WO (Weakness Opportunity) and WT (Weakness Threat).
Attitudes towards Concussion among Elite Irish Track Cyclists
Authors: Thornton Claire , Losty Ciara , Barr Jessie 
Published: November 2023

Concussion has become a widely discussed topic within scientific research and mainstream media in recent years due to the associated potential adverse health outcomes (McCrory et al., 2017). Within cycling, it is estimated that between one and 9% of injuries are concussions (Decock et al., 2016). O’Reilly et al. (2020) examined behaviour towards concussion among cyclists from various disciplines, including track cycling. Their study identified a lack of knowledge as a barrier to medical attention. In the absence of exclusive research, in addition to the high-risk nature of the sport, the barriers and facilitators affecting concussion reporting among track cyclists were investigated in this study. Underpinned by a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight track cyclists competing internationally for Ireland (duration between 20 to 25 minutes). Interview questions focused on participants’ experiences with and attitudes towards concussion and perceived barriers and facilitators influencing concussion reporting behaviours. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which included an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis approach. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Athlete Mindset, (2) Concussion Awareness, (3) Support Systems, and (4) Screening Protocol. Practical applied recommendations include increasing access to education amongst track cyclists in addition to coaches, swannies and medical personnel. Future interventions should also seek to reduce negative perceptions towards reporting concussions and increase awareness of the dangers of concussion and the necessity of appropriate concussion protocol and management among athletes, coaches, swannies and medical personnel. Future research should seek to (1) examine coaches’ perceptions of concussion and how these perceptions are communicated and expressed to athletes and (2) explore concussion management protocol compliance within track cycling.
The Impact of Renewable Energy and Economic Growth on Environmental Pollution: Using Second-Generation Panel Techniques
Authors: Aouini Samir , Beggat Hanane , Mahlous Zakia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study examines the impact of economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and environmental stringency on environmental pollution within the framework of testing the environmental Kuznets hypothesis for 34 African countries during the period from 1990 to 2020 using second-generation panel estimation techniques. To ensure the stability of the variables, the study applied smoothing of the slopes, CADF, and CIPS unit root tests, and the Westerlund co-integration test to confirm the existence of a long-term balanced relationship between the variables based on the results obtained from the CCEMG model estimates of jointly correlated effects. The study confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in African countries, with the results indicating a relationship between growth and pollution in the form of an inverted “N”. Furthermore, it was found that the consumption of renewable energy reduced carbon dioxide emissions.
Description of the Ξb¯ (6100) Baryon in Terms of a First-Order Mass Formula
Authors: Bevelacqua Joseph 
Published: November 2023

Bevelacqua Resources, 7531 Flint Crossing Circle SE, Owens Cross Roads, AL 35763 USA

A recently proposed Ξb¯ (6100) baryon structure is investigated using a first-order mass formula. The first-order-mass formula predicts the Ξb¯ (6100) baryon has a mass of 5710 MeV/c2. This prediction is about 6% smaller than the experimental value. The first-order mass formula also predicts possible Jπ values of 1/2+ and 3/2+ for the proposed Ξb¯ (6100) baryon. This is consistent with the experimental Jπ value of 1/2+.

KEYWORDS: Ξb¯ (6100) baryon, mass formula, quark model, cluster model
Chemical components in the essential oils and ultrasonic extraction of amanus sage pholomis longifolia var. Longifolia boiss. & bl
Authors: Asil Hasan 
Published: November 2023

In the present study the essential oil components of the flowers and leaves of Amanus sage Pholomis longifolia var. longifolia boiss. & Bl by ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation method were determined. According to the chemical composition analysis of Amanus Sage plant using ultrasonic extraction method, major components were methyl-7-octadecenoate (69.02%) and methyl elaidate (16.87%). The essential oil contents of flowers and leaves of the Amanus sage plant were also determined by steam distillation method. When the essential oil components of the flower were examined, the main components were found to be tricosane (22.39%), caryophyllene (22.17%), alpha-cubebene (14.4305), beta-farnesene (7.7%) and linalool (4.69%). On the other hand the main components in the the leaves were caryophyllene oxide (27.20%), fenchone (18.63%), 1,8-cineole (6.12%), camphor (4.82%), and alpha-cubebene (4.11%). Bioactive properties of the components of Amanus sage obtained from both the ultrasonic extraction and steam distillation methods showed that this plant has important medicinal and aromatic properties.
Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(2): 799-803, 2023 (September)
Rusya ve Modernizm: Gümüş Çağ’dan Demir Perdeye
Authors: ŞAHİN Zulfiya 
Published: November 2023

Dünya kültür tarihinde son derece önemli bir yere sahip olan modernizm, özellikle 19. yüzyılın son çeyreği ve 20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında sanat ve kültür dünyasına şekil veren dışavurumculuk, avangart, izlenimcilik, gerçeküstücülük ve simgecilik akımlarının doğuşuna önayak olmuştur. Modernizmin tanımına veya tarihsel sınırlarına dair üzerinde uzlaşılmış somut bir fikir birliği mevcut olmasa da yenilik, özgünlük, başkaldırı, değişim kelimeleri bu akımla özdeşleşen kavramlardan yalnızca birkaçıdır. Modernizm, başta Batı Avrupa olmak üzere dünyadaki pek çok ülkenin kültür yaşamına yön vermiş, Rusya da bu değişimden hemen her alanda etkilenerek pek çok sanat dalında birebirinden eşsiz çalışmaların ortaya çıkış yeri olmuştur. Her ne kadar modernizm global ve bütünsel etkiye sahip olan bir akım olsa da her ülkenin özel tarihsel ve geleneksel geçmişi modern fikirlerden beslenerek farklı sonuçlar doğurmuştur.
Sunulan çalışmada, derleme ve analiz yöntemleriyle Rus modernizminin özgün değerleri, felsefi anlayışı ve estetik özellikleri modern dünya görüşü ışığında incelenmektedir. Modernizmin Rus edebiyat ve sanatını nasıl etkilediği, şekillendirdiği ve değiştirdiği yakından araştırılmaktadır. İnceleme yalnızca edebi, görsel ve plastik değerlerin değişimlerle sınırlı kalmayıp, bu değişimlerin hangi siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal şartların altında doğduğu sorusuna da cevap aramaktadır. Yapılan çalışmanın yenilikçi önemi ise, Rusya’daki modernizm süreciyle ilgili araştırmanın bütünsel ve nedensel yaklaşımlarla yürütülmüş olmasıdır.
1742-1800 Yılları Arasında Erzurum Eyalatinde Borç-Alacak İlişkileri (1, 3, 5, 7 Ve 9 Numaralı Erzurum Ahkâm Defeterlerine Göre)
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT Mehmet 
Published: November 2023

Osmanlı Devlet sisteminde adli mekanizmanın başı ve sorumlusu padişahtı. Bu sorumluluğu padişah adına yürüten idari ve adli görevliler bulunmaktaydı. Bundan dolayı devlet sınırları içerisinde yaşayan bütün kesimden vatandaşların uğramış olduğu her türlü haksızlık, zulüm ve kötülüklerin önlenmesinde padişahın oldukça dikkatli davranması gerekiyordu. Dolayısıyla zulme uğrayan mağdur olan veya yerel mahkemenin vermiş olduğu kararı yeterli bulmayan her Osmanlı vatandaşının araya herhangi bir vasıta koymadan yaşamış oldukları mağduriyetlerin giderilmesi için Padişah’a ya da onun yetki vermiş olduğu kişi ya da kurumlara doğrudan başvurma hakkı vardı. Osmanlıda Divanıhümayun’a yansıyan şikâyetler ve bu şikâyetlere verilen çözüm önerileri önceleri mühimme defterlerine kaydediliyordu. XVII. yüzyıla gelindiğinde şikâyetlerde artışlar üzerine Şikâyet Defterleri oluşturulmuştur. XVIII. yüzyılda dönemin Reisülküttabı olan Ragıp Efendi tarafından eyaletlere göre tasnif edilmiş Eyalet Ahkâm Defterleri oluşturulmuştur.
Erzurum Ahkâm Defterlerine göre bu çalışmada H. 1155/1214-1742/1800 yıllarını kapsayan Erzurum eyaleti ve bağlı birimlerde borç-alacak ilişkisine bağlı hükümlerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Hükümlerde nitelikli alacak taleplerinden, arazi tasarrufu kaynaklı satışlardan, haksız alacak talepleri ve ticaret ilişkisi ile ortaya çıkan borç-alacak ilişkisi geniş bir perspektif içermektedir. Bununla birlikte borçlu alacalı kişilerin dini nitelikleri, cinsiyetleri, sosyal statüleri de göz önüne alındığında bölgeye ait ticaret hayatı hakkında bilgi sahibi olunabilecektir.