bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Extract of Ginger in Rats Fed a High‐fat Diet
Authors: Son Hye‐yeon , Kim Seunghae , Lee Mak‐Soon , Kim Yangha 
Published: November 2023

This study compared the hypolipidemic effect of hot water extract of ginger(WEG) and high hydrostatic pressure extract of ginger (HPG) in rats fed with a high‐fat diet. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a normal diet (NOR), a high‐fat diet (HFD), a high‐fat diet supplemented with 0.8% WEG (WEG) and a high‐fat diet supplemented with 0.8% HPG (HPG) for 10 weeks. HPG supplementation significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight compared to HFD group (p<0.05). In the WEG group, the body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight tended to be lowered compared to those of HFD group. Rats supplemented with HPG showed lower serum triglyceride (TG) and higher serum HDL level compared to those of HFD group (p<0.05). Additionally, HPG significantly decreased the levels of hepatic total lipids, TG and total cholesterol (TC), while fecal total lipids, TG and TC were significantly increased compared to HFD group (p<0.05). These results suggest that HPG more efficiently reduced than WEG the body weight and improved lipid profiles through decreasing hepatic lipids and promoting fecal lipids excretion.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by the Brain Korea 21 plus project funding (No. 22A20130012143)
Cardioprotective Effects of Red Raspberries in Obesity‐prone Rats
Authors: Kirakosyan Ara , Seymour E Mitchell , Kondoleon Nicholas , Wolforth Janet , Bolling Steven 
Published: November 2023

The intake of red raspberry fruit is inversely related to cardiac risk factors and cardiovascular disease. In this study, the effect of red raspberry intake was assessed in obesity‐prone, Zucker Fatty rats as a model of cardiometabolic risk. For 8 weeks, rats were fed a higher‐fat diet (45% of kcal) containing 2% (wt/wt) freeze‐dried whole raspberry powder (RSP) or added sugars (CON) to match macronutrient and calorie content. RSP reduced fasting triglycerides and fasting glucose but did not appear to affect fasting insulin, fasting low‐density lipoprotein, or body weight gain. RSP trended but did not significantly reduce systolic blood pressure, but did significantly reduce heart rate relative to time‐matched CON rats. Noteworthy, compared to CON, RSP significantly reduced left ventricular (LV) enlargement and wall thickening as measured by echocardiography, without impacting ejection fraction. LV remodeling is a known risk factor for and precursor to heart failure. Ongoing studies of LV tissue will reveal molecular changes related to inflammation and fibrosis. Red raspberries could be an excellent candidate for dietary management cardiometabolic risk, including risk for Type‐2 diabetes. Also, intake of red raspberries could reduce eventual pathologies like heart failure, which in the US, is the leading diagnosis over the age of 65.Support or Funding InformationAcknowledgements: This study was supported by National Processed Raspberry Council grant
Identification of Genes in the Colon Tissue Associated with Serum Leptin and Insulin in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Kim Sung‐Eun , Choo Jinsil , Yoon Joon , Bae Yun Jung , Park Taesung , Sung Mi‐Kyung 
Published: November 2023

Obesity‐induced chronic inflammation has been known to increase the risk of ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colorectal cancer. Accumulating evidence suggest that obesity‐associated phenotypes including leptin and insulin are key molecules linking obesity and diseases of the lower intestine. We identified serum phenotype‐associated genes in colon tissue of diet‐induced obese mice to interrogate candidate genes as early biomarkers of obesity‐associated colonic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to either normal diet (ND, 15% of fat calories) or high‐fat diet (HFD, 45% of fat calories) group for 8 weeks. Genome‐wide gene expression profiles of colon tissue were determined using Illumina MouseWG‐6 v2 Expression BeadChip, followed by statistical analyses to detect differentially expressed and to identify serum phenotype‐associated genes. Among differentially expressed genes affected by HFD, 135, 128, 110, and 341 genes were associated with serum concentration of leptin, insulin, IGF‐1, and adiponectin, respectively. We found 17 and 4 differentially expressed genes exhibited inverse relationships with serum leptin and serum insulin, respectively, by two different dietary types. Among these genes, leptin‐associated Peli3 (pellino E3 ubiquitin protein ligase family member 3), Creb1 (cAMP responsive element binding protein 1), and Enpp2 (ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, autotaxin) and insulin‐associated Centg1 (AGAP2, ArfGAP with GTPase domain) have been reported to play a role either in obesity or in colonic diseases. In conclusion, our data suggest that Peli3, Creb1, Enpp2, and Centg1 would be potential candidate early biomarkers of obesity‐induced pathophysiological changes in the colon. Further studies on gene functions related to diseases of lower intestine needs to be fulfilled.Support or Funding InformationThis research was supported by the SRC program (Center for Food & Nutritional Genomics: 2015R1A5A6001906) of the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology.
Salacia Extract Improves Post‐Prandial Glucose and Insulin Response: A Randomized Double Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Cross‐over Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Jeykodi Shankaranarayanan , Teja Vimal , Deshpande Jayant , Juturu Vijaya 
Published: November 2023

Extracts of Salacia species from roots, stems, and leaves have been used for the treatment of diabetes and other associated risk factors in Asia. Studies indicate that Salacia extracts modulate multiple targets that influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. This study is to examine the effect of differing doses of a novel form of Salacia extract (SE) on glucose and insulin response to an oral sucrose load in healthy individuals (South Asian Population). Thirty five (N=35, 18 to 55 years of age; BMI ≥24.50 to 29.50 Kg/m2) adult healthy individuals (male and female)were randomly assigned to ingest SE at dosages of 200 mg SE, 300 mg SE and 500 mg (OmniLeanTM) or placebo (PLA) in a single center, double‐blind, randomized, placebo controlled parallel design. Plasma glucose and plasma insulin responses were measured after 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 min of ingesting oral sucrose standard solution and Area under curve for glucose (AUCglucose) and insulin response (AUCinsulin) was calculated. ANOVA and paired t‐tests were used to examine differences between treatments and over baseline. Compared with PLA, SE 500 mg significantly lowered blood sugars and insulin from 60 minutes, 90 minutes and 120 minutes, SE 300 mg significantly lower at 90 min and 180 min and 200 mg at 90 min and 120 minutes. AUCglucose was not significant. Plasma insulin levels and AUCinsulin were significantly lowered after ingestion of SE. No significant adverse events were observed at any dose. Thus, in reducing the early rise in blood glucose and insulin after sucrose ingestion, Salacia extract (SE) prevents the occurrence of reactive hypoglycemia; the present study confirm that this nutritional ingredient may be of value in reducing post prandial insulin and glucose.Support or Funding InformationOmniActive Health Technologies Ltd., Mumbai, India
The Effects of Enrolling in a Nutrition Class on Dietary Intake for Whittier College Students
Authors: Duong Jimmy , Martinez Cody , Beeson W Lawrence , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundDietary modification is an important component to any public health strategy aimed at combatting obesity. Nutrition education is used for dietary modification as subjects obtain more knowledge about food and its nutritional content. Several nutrition education programs have led to healthier food choices. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of enrolling in an introductory nutrition course at Whittier College on food choices.MethodsProspective three‐month study with 23 students from Whittier College (males = 8, females = 15) who were enrolled in an introductory nutrition course. A validated food frequency questionnaire from the University of Arizona was administered at baseline and at the three month follow‐up to assess any significant changes in dietary intake. The results from the frequency questionnaires were sent to the University of Arizona Diet, Behavior, and Quality of Life Assessment Lab to analyze macronutrient and micronutrient intake. Paired t‐tests were used to calculate mean differences (meand) and non‐parametric alternatives were used to calculate median differences (medd) between baseline and 3 month follow‐up on dietary intake and physical activity.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in caloric intake (meand=−22.31%, p=0.04), alcohol intake (meand=−3.4%, p=0.01), total fatty acid intake (meand=−24.69%, 0.03), saturated fatty intake (meand=−22.44%, p=0.03), and Trans fatty acid intake (meand=−23.5%, p=0.06). Total body weight and BMI were not significantly altered (medd @ 0, p=0.2471; medd @ 0, p=0.1311), respectively.ConclusionWhittier College students enrolled in a nutrition course showed significant decreases in their total fatty acid intake, but notably, their saturated fatty acid and Trans fatty acid intake were reduced. These reported changes may relate to the improvement of healthier food choices as a result of the students’ enrollment in a nutrition course that improved their self‐care
Coexistence of Metabolic Syndrome and Osteopenia associated with Diet‐Related Factors among Postmenopausal Women in South Korea: The 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination (KNHANES)
Authors: Lee Hansongyi , Lim Hyunjung 
Published: November 2023

AimsThis study was to examine the association between socioeconomic status, health related behaviors, diet related factors and the coexistence metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteopenia (OP).Methods1991 postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years were using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011 data. Based on existence of MetS or/and OP, postmenopausal women were grouped as Normal, MetS, OP, and MetS+OP. Using a complex sampling design, the SAS PROC SURVEY module which considers strata, cluster, and weights was utilized. Logistic regression analysis were used for the associations between socioeconomic status, health or diet related factors and prevalence of the coexistence of MetS and OP.ResultsLess income [OR=4.7 (95% CI 2.5–8.9)] and low education [OR=2.1 (1.5–3.0)] were associated with prevalence of coexistence MetS+OP. Low physical activity have increased 40% of coexistence group [OR=1.4 (1.1–1.9)]. Subjects who have both MetS and OP showed unbalanced diet, selected inadequate nutrients and no consumption of food groups. Compared with dietary reference intakes for Koreans, women who insufficient consumption of nutrients such as calcium [OR=1.5 (1.1–2.0)], phosphorous [OR=1.3 (1.0–1.7)], vitamin A [OR=2.1 (1.5–3.0)] and no consumption daily of fruits [OR=1.4 (1.0–1.9)] and dairy [OR=1.6 (1.2–2.3)] were associated with coexistence MetS and OP after age‐adjustment. Further adjustment for socioeconomic status, women who do not consumption of dairy have increased 48% of coexistence MetS and OP [OR=1.5 (1.0–2.1)].ConclusionPrevalence of the coexistence of MetS and OP have associated with less education, low income status and low physical activity. Although inadequate intake of nutrients (calcium, phosphorous, vitamin A) and no food groups consumption (fruits and dairy) association with coexistence of MetS and OP, further adjustment for socioeconomic status, dairy intakes associated with coexistence MetS and OP among postmenopausal South Korea women.Support or Funding InformationNone.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Nutrition and Physical Activity in Children of Primary Schools in Chiapas, Yucatan and Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Saltijeral Luanda 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo identify the knowledge, attitudes and practices of nutrition and physical activity in children of primary schools in Chiapas, Quintana Roo and Yucatan, Mexico.Method, Participants & InterventionThe diagnosis was conducted in October 2015 in 36 primary schools (19 in Chiapas, 4 in Quintana Roo and 13 in Yucatan). A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey (KAP) was applied to a statically significant randomized sample of 1292 students from grades 4th through 6th. The data analysis was descriptiveResults49% of the respondents were boys and 51% girls. The analysis shows, 69% of the children reported plain water consumption at school the day before the survey, and that 15% had drank three or more sugar‐sweetened beverages; 70% had consumed vegetables and 66% had consumed at least one fruit. However, 43% consumed fried foods and 51% sweets or pastries, the day prior to the evaluation. Concerning the practice of physical activity (PA), 97% of respondents considered it as favorable to keeping a healthy weight and 95% said that being overweight affects health; however, only 28% performed at least 30 minutes of PA three times a week.ConclusionsIt is necessary to make greater efforts to promote the practice of PA in school. Educational strategies focused on the modification of eating habits and PA for health, should build on knowledge and attitudes prevalent in the school population, in order to ensure the success of educational interventions.Support or Funding InformationFEMSA Foundation & Save The Children
The effect of curcumin in intestinal cells
Authors: Lee Hyuna , Cho Jin Ah , Park Eunmi 
Published: November 2023

Curcumin, a major component of the Curcuma species, contains antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Although it was found to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, the functional role of curcumin as well as its molecular mechanism in anti‐inflammatory response, particularly in intestinal cells, has been less investigated. The intestine epithelial barrier is the first barrier and the most important location for the substrate coming from the lumen of the gut. We administered curcumin treatment in the human intestinal epithelial cell lines, T84 and Caco‐2. We examined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response by thapsigargin, qPCR of XBP1 and BiP, electrophysiology by wild‐type cholera toxin in the cells. In this study, we showed that curcumin treatment reduces ER stress and thereby decreases inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, curcumin confers protection without damaging the membrane tight junction or actin skeleton change in intestine epithelial cells. Therefore, curcumin treatment protects the gut from bacterial invasion via reduction of ER stress and anti‐inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate the important role of curcumin in protecting the intestine by modulating ER stress and inflammatory response post intoxication.Support or Funding InformationNational Research of Korea ( 2015R1C1A1A02037579)
Grifola frondosa Extract (GFE) Lowers the Lymphatic Absorption of Cholesterol in Rats
Authors: Kim Juyeon , Noh Sang K. 
Published: November 2023

Recently, we have shown that GFE supplementation improves hyperlipidemic conditions in high fructose fed rats. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of GFE on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol in rats. Male rats with lymph cannulae were infused at 3.0 mL/h for 8 h via a duodenal catheter with a lipid emulsion containing 1.0 μCi cholesterol labeled with 14C (14C‐ cholesterol), 452 mol triolein, 75.4 mol retinol, 20.7 mol cholesterol, and 3.1 mol α‐tocopherol, and 396.0 mol Na‐taurocholate with or without GFE (100.0 mg/rat/8h) in 24 mL PBS buffer (pH, 6.4). Lymph was collected hourly for 8 h from lymph duct cannulated rats. Results showed that GFE significantly lowered the lymphatic absorption of 14C‐cholesterol (26.6 ± 4.2% dose in GFE‐infused rats vs. 35.6 ± 2.7% dose in control rats), with a significantly higher amount of 14C‐radioactivity remained in the small intestinal lumen and cecum in rats infused with GFE. The findings provide direct evidence that GFE has an inhibitory effect on the intestinal absorption of cholesterol by enhancing the luminal transport of cholesterol into the cecum. The mechanism(s) by which GFE affects the intestinal absorption of cholesterol warrants further studies.Support or Funding InformationSupported by Business for Cooperative R&D between Industry, Academy, and Research Institute funded Korea Small and Medium Business Administration in 2014.
Effect of breakfast eating versus breakfast skipping on obesity related anthropometry: a systematic review
Authors: Milanes Jillian E , Allison David B , Brown Andrew W , Brown Michelle M Bohan 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundBreakfast consumption is frequently recommended for weight loss and the prevention of obesity. Although breakfast eating has been repeatedly associated with lower BMIs through numerous observational studies and meta‐analyses of observational studies, the causal effects of eating versus skipping breakfast on obesity has not been systematically reviewed.ObjectiveTo synthesize available evidence on the effects of eating versus skipping breakfast on anthropometric measures related to weight in randomized controlled trials.MethodsScopus, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Alt‐HealthWatch, and Proquest Global Thesis and Dissertation databases were searched for randomized controlled trials in humans that investigated the effects of breakfast consumption or skipping on weight‐related outcomes. Inclusion criteria were: studies with 72 hours or longer of intervention; reported changes in weight‐related outcomes measured objectively; participants with normal weight or greater; participants without diseases expected to influence weight; and the effects of breakfast eating versus breakfast skipping could be isolated from other treatment components. Titles and abstracts were double coded.ResultsThe search resulted in 4,047 results across databases; 3,255 after duplicates removed; and 3,182 after animal studies were removed using an automated approach. Titles and abstracts from 47 entries were reevaluated for inclusion, with 19 evaluated at the full text level. Two additional articles were identified from alternative sources. Only 6 articles met all criteria, with another 6 papers (possibly only 3 unique studies) seeming to meet all criteria except for reporting of weight. In the 6 papers that met all the criteria, 4 studies were conducted in the US, 2 in the UK; 5 studies in adults, 1 in adolescents (age 18+); study length ranged from 2–16 weeks; 4 parallel arm RCTs, 2 cross‐over RCTs; 3 provided meals and 3 gave recommendations/meal plans; weight‐related outcomes included fat mass, fat mass index, percent fat mass, BMI, fat free mass, waist circumference, waist:hip ratio, and body mass; and the n randomized ranged from 5 to 56 per treatment arm. Of 38 comparisons among breakfast vs skipping on weight‐related outcomes, 2 were significant in favor of a breakfast, and two were significant in favor of skipping. The rest were non‐significant.ConclusionsThis systematic review does not support the general contention that eating versus skipping breakfast is beneficial for weight‐related outcomes. This does not preclude the possibility that certain types of breakfasts or certain populations may respond positively or negatively to eating vs skipping, or that breakfast may have other health beneficial or detrimental effects. Quantitative synthesis of these results is forthcoming.This systematic review and meta‐analysis was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/as CRD42016033290.
Characterizing the Nutritional Health of Unaccompanied Homeless Youth
Authors: Deering Stephanie , Hade Erinn , Slesnick Natasha , Hatsu Irene 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveThere is a dearth of information about the nutritional health of homeless youth, a population considered one of the most vulnerable within society. Nutritional health influences the risk for poorer physical and mental health outcomes. Homeless youth experience various health challenges that could be related to their nutritional health. The goal of this study is to describe the nutritional and dietary status of a sample of homeless youth in a Midwestern city in the United States.MethodsAn observational study of homeless youth was conducted. Youth were recruited from a local drop‐in center in Columbus, Ohio. After providing informed consent, data on socio‐demographic characteristics and dietary intake was collected. Dietary intake data was based on 24‐hour dietary recalls collected on two nonconsecutive days. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were also assessed. Nutrient intakes were adjusted to usual intake and compared to Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for age and gender to determine adequacy of intakes. Descriptive statistics were used in characterizing the sample.ResultsOf the 36 participants with currently available data, ages ranged from 18–24 years (median of 21). A similar number of participants identified themselves as African American (39%, n=14) and White (42%, n=15). One‐quarter are female and 36% indicated some form of employment. Eight percent are underweight and 44% (95% CI: 27.9%–61.9%) are overweight or obese (BMI≥25). Average usual energy intake is 1861 ± 757 kcal. More than 85% of the sample have inadequate intakes of calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, with 100% not consuming adequate amounts of vitamins D and E.ConclusionInadequate nutrient intake as well as overweight and obesity are prevalent among homeless youth. Our findings support consequences of difficulty with food access reported within this population. Inadequate intake of essential nutrients may expose homeless youth to poor physical and mental health outcomes.Support or Funding InformationThis study was funded by The Ohio State University, College of Education and Human Ecology, Faculty Seed Grant and by Grant #UL1TR001070.
Visual pattern to diagnostic microscopic in virtual image of gingival squamous cell carcinoma associating a type of cognitive style
Authors: Mondragon Edward Acero 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionThe diagnostic microscopic made by virtual image are increasingly in medical societies and is used also to teach in regulate basics and clinical courses of schools of medicine; today with eye‐tracking technology is possible to measure microscopic diagnostic achieving and competency.ObjetiveVisual pattern to diagnostic microscopic in virtual image of gingival squamous cell carcinoma or GSCC associating a type of cognitive style.Materials and MethodsTen residents of first year enrolled level one of postgraduate histology course to surgical odontologist maxillo facial. The residents were recruited using an eye‐tracking device, and recording eye‐movements of free interactions with the virtual image of GSCC, and analyzed the type of visual pattern to diagnostic microscopic.ResultsThe results show how all residents have different visual pattern to build and diagnostic microscopic of GSCC but when was classified the visual pattern in a type of cognitive style between cognitive field dependent or field independent, the diagnostic skills of seven residents were cognitive style independent by more quantity and quickly saccadic movements respect three residents with cognitive style dependent or minor quickly and minor quantity of saccadic movements.ConclusionsThis preliminary quantitative measure of visual pattern in diagnostic microscope linked to cognitive style may benefit new approach to teach effective diagnostic microscopic whit virtual image of GSCC