bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP‐8 and ‐9) and Neutrophil Elastase in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Cyclosporin‐Treated Patients
Authors: Atilla Gül , Sorsa Timo , Rönka Hanne , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: February 2005

Background: Gingival overgrowth (GO) is one of the most important side effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) medication, but its pathogenesis is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to identify and compare collagenase‐2 (MMP‐8), gelatinase‐B (MMP‐9), and neutrophil (PMN)‐elastase levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from 15 renal transplant patients receiving CsA therapy and exhibiting CsA GO, 14 patients with gingivitis, and 10 periodontally healthy subjects.Methods: Clinical data were obtained on plaque index, papilla bleeding index, and hyperplastic index from each site studied. GCF samples and clinical data were collected from: 2 sites exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO+) and 2 sites not exhibiting CsA GO (CsA GO‐) in each CsA‐treated patient; 2 diseased sites in each patient with gingivitis; and 2 healthy sites in each subject with clinically healthy periodontium. CsA GO+ and CsA GO‐ sites were divided into 2 subgroups as clinically not inflamed (PBI = 0) and inflamed (PBI ≥1). GCF MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and PMN‐elastase levels were analyzed by immunofluorometric assay.Results: GCF MMP‐8 and ‐9 levels and clinical degrees of gingival inflammation in CsA GO+ sites were similar to those in diseased sites. However, GCF elastase levels were significantly lower in CsA GO+ sites compared to those in diseased sites. GCF MMP‐8, ‐9 and PMN‐elastase levels were not different between CsA GO‐ sites and healthy sites. Additionally, GCF MMP‐8 and ‐9 levels in inflamed CsA GO+ sites were higher but not statistically significantly than those in diseased sites. In contrast, GCF PMN‐elastase levels in inflamed CsA GO+ sites were significantly lower than the levels in diseased sites.Conclusions: These results show that CsA therapy does not have a significant effect on GCF MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 levels, but the gingival inflammation seems to be the main reason for their elevations. However, low GCF PMN‐elastase levels can be an important factor in the pathogenesis of CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth. CsA therapy does not eliminate the potential use of GCF MMP‐8 and ‐9 as future diagnostic markers of gingival inflammation. J Periodontol 2001;72:354‐360.
Periodontal Treatment With an Er:YAG Laser Compared to Scaling and Root Planing. A Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Schwarz F. , Sculean A. , Georg T. , Reich E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser to that of scaling and root planing for non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Methods: Twenty patients with moderate to advanced periodontal destruction were treated under local anesthesia and the quadrants were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to either Er:YAG laser using an energy level of 160 mJ/pulse and 10 Hz or scaling and root planing (SRP) using hand instruments. Clinical assessments of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were made prior to and at 3 and 6 months after treatment. Subgingival plaque samples were taken at each appointment and analyzed using darkfield microscopy for the presence of cocci, non‐motile rods, motile rods, and spirochetes. Differences in clinical parameters and prevalence of bacterial species were analyzed using the paired t‐test.Results: The PI remained nearly unchanged while a significant reduction of the GI occurred in both groups after 6 months (P ≤0.001, P ≤0.001, respectively). The mean value of BOP decreased in the laser group from 56% at baseline to 13% after 6 months (P ≤0.001) and in the SRP group from 52% at baseline to 23% after 6 months (P ≤0.001). The mean value of the PD decreased in the laser group from 4.9 ± 0.7 mm at baseline to 2.9 ± 0.6 mm after 6 months (P ≤0.001) and in the SRP group from 5.0 ± 0.6 mm at baseline to 3.4 ± 0.7 mm after 6 months (P ≤0.001). The mean value of the CAL decreased in the laser group from 6.3 ± 1.1 mm at baseline to 4.4 ± 1.0 mm after 6 months (P ≤0.001) and in the SRP group from 6.5 ± 1.0 mm at baseline to 5.5 ± 1.0 after 6 months (P ≤0.001). The reduction of the BOP score and the CAL improvement was significantly higher in the laser group than in the SRP group (P ≤0.05, P ≤0.001, respectively). Both groups showed a significant increase of cocci and non‐motile rods and a decrease in the amount of motile rods and spirochetes.Conclusions: An Er:YAG laser may represent a suitable alternative for non‐surgical periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2001;72:361‐367.
Treatment of Aggressive Periodontitis by Osseointegrated Dental Implants. A Case Report.
Authors: Yalçın Serdar , Yalçın Funda , Günay Yumuşhan , Bellaz Berk , Önal Şevket , Firatli Erhan 
Published: February 2005

Background: Generalized aggressive periodontitis is described as a clinical entity affecting both deciduous and permanent dentition with extensive alveolar bone loss, mobility, and exfoliation of all or many teeth. Controversy exists on dental implant use to restore missing dentition in younger patients.Methods: This case report presents a patient diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis who has lost all but 4 of her teeth. Her personal and functional desires led us to include implant therapy in her treatment plan. The hematological data are presented with an analysis of the immunological profile.Results: Dental implants were placed, and following 3 months of osseointegration, an implant‐supported prosthesis was completed. The patient was followed up for 36 months.Conclusions: This case report presents an alternative treatment for rehabilitating dentition in a young patient treated for aggressive periodontitis. Similar case studies may help eliminate some of the controversy that exists regarding the use of dental implants in aggressive periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2001;72:411‐416.
Histological Evaluation of Healing and Revascularization of the Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Guiha Rami , Khodeiry Soheir El , Mota Luis , Caffesse Raul 
Published: February 2005

Background: The goal of this investigation was to histologically evaluate the healing and revascularization of the subepithelial connective tissue graft in dogs.Methods: Six beagle dogs were used in this study. Recession defects were surgically created on maxillary left P2 and right P2, and maxillary and mandibular left central and lateral incisors. The defects were left untreated for 35 days. After elevating a split thickness flap, the graft was harvested from the palate and placed over the denuded root surfaces. The flap was then coronally repositioned and sutured. Three dogs provided the specimens for 7‐ and 14‐day time points and 3 dogs for 28‐ and 60‐day time points. The animals were sacrificed and the blocks obtained were divided in half. One half was processed following the Spalteholtz method and the other was processed for routine histologic examination.Results: At 7 days, a clot was present at the demarcation zones and it was more organized at 14 days. At 28 days, the junctional epithelium was formed and the demarcation zones could not be delineated. At 60 days, the oral epithelium had regained its normal appearance. The attachment of the graft to the root surface was mediated by a combination of epithelial downgrowth and connective tissue attachment. Minimal new bone and cementum formation was observed. The vascularization of the graft at 7 days originated from the periodontal plexus and the overlying flap. At 14 days, the graft was completely vascularized. At 28 and 60 days, normal vascularization was present.Conclusions: The vascularization of the connective tissue graft originates from the periodontal plexus, the supraperiosteal plexus, and the overlying flap. The attachment of the graft to the root surface appears to be mediated by a combination of epithelial downgrowth and connective tissue attachment. There is little potential for new cementum and new bone formation. J Periodontol 2001;72:470‐478.
Clinical Evaluation and Comparison of 2 Topical Anesthetics for Pain Caused by Needle Sticks and Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Carr Michele P. , Horton John E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Pain generated by needle sticks (Ns) for the delivery of local anesthetic and/or scaling and root planing (SRP) instrumentation is commonly addressed by the use of topical anesthetics, such as a benzocaine‐gel preparation (BGP). Pain suppression following such use has been highly variable. Development of medicine‐containing patches and adhesives for intraoral use have led to a new approach for topical anesthesia in the form of a transoral lidocaine delivery system (LDS). The purpose of this double‐blind study was to evaluate the efficacy of the LDS and also to compare LDS with BGP for pain suppression to Ns and SRP.Methods: One group of 20 subjects randomly received in both maxillary and mandibular molar‐bicuspid areas LDS or BGP on one side and non‐anesthetic control on the other side. A second group of 20 subjects compared the effectiveness of LDS directly with BGP in molar‐bicuspid areas of both arches. Random order determined the selection for each anesthetic tested between the arches and bilateral. Pain perception was separately scored to a pain‐inducing Ns simulation without anesthetic injection at each area and subsequently also to SRP using both a verbal pain scale (VPS) and a visual analog scale (VAS).Results: VPS and VAS results analyzed by Bonferroni‐adjusted Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank tests found pain suppression scores significantly (P <0.005) reduced for Ns by LDS to controls and to BGP. Comparing LDS directly with BGP, LDS was significantly (P <0.05) more effective in reducing pain to Ns in both arches, to SRP in the maxillary arch, and equally effective as BGP in the mandibular arch.Conclusions: LDS is more effective than BGP for topical pain suppression to Ns and SRP in both arches. J Periodontol 2001;72:479‐484.
Peri‐Implant Bone Reactions to Immediately Loaded Implants. An Experimental Study in Monkeys
Authors: Romanos George , Toh Chooi Gait , Siar Chong Huat , Swaminathan Dasan , Ong Ah Hup , Donath Karl , Yaacob Hashim , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus 
Published: February 2005

Background: There are reports which demonstrate that immediately loaded splinted implants can be osseointegrated when they are placed in the anterior part of the lower jaw. The concept of immediate loading has not been well investigated in the posterior mandible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone reactions around immediately loaded implants placed in the posterior region of the lower jaw in the monkey model.Methods: Six adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys were used in this study. A total of 36 implants were placed after extraction of the second premolars, first and second molars, and complete healing of the sockets. Three control (C) group implants were placed in one quadrant of the lower jaw of each monkey. After a delay of 3 months to allow osseointegration to take place, the implants were loaded for 1 month using temporary resin bridges and later for 2 months using metal splinted crowns. In the contralateral region of the lower jaw, 3 test (T) group implants were placed and loaded immediately with the same sequence as carried out for the C implants. Specimens were examined and evaluated histologically after sacrifice.Results: All of the implants were osseointegrated. Compact, cortical bone in contact with the implant surface without any gaps or connective tissue formation was observed.Conclusions: It was concluded that immediately loaded, splinted implants can be osseointegrated with a similar hard and soft tissue peri‐implant response as delayed‐loaded implants in the posterior mandible. J Periodontol 2001;72:506‐511.
Evaluation of Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 Level in Crevicular Fluid of Cyclosporin A‐Treated Patients
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Kütükçüler Necil , Aksu Güzide , Atilla Gül 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the level of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of cyclosporin A (CsA)‐treated patients and to compare the results with control groups.Methods: Fourteen renal transplant patients exhibiting severe CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth, 10 patients with chronic gingivitis, and 10 subjects with clinically healthy periodontium were included in the study. In CsA‐treated patients, GCF samples were harvested from sites exhibiting gingival overgrowth (CsA GO+) and sites not exhibiting gingival overgrowth (CsA GO‐). The TGF‐β1 levels in a total of 96 GCF samples from the 34 participants were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results were expressed in terms of total amount (pg/2 sites) and concentration (ng/ml).Results: TGF‐β1 total amounts in CsA GO+ and CsA GO− sites were similar and significantly higher than that of healthy sites (P <0.02 and P <0.01, respectively). The total amount of TGF‐β1 was also higher in gingivitis sites compared to the healthy sites, but the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). CsA GO+ and CsA GO‐ sites exhibited higher total amount and concentration of TGF‐β1 than that of gingivitis sites, but the differences were insignificant (P >0.05).Conclusions: The results of the present study support the theory that CsA increases the synthesis of TGF‐β1 in GCF. However, since the difference between CsA GO+ and CsA GO‐ sites was not statistically significant, it seems unlikely that GCF TGF‐β1 level is the sole factor responsible for the CsA‐induced gingival overgrowth. Complex interactions between various mediators of inflammation and tissue modeling are possibly involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of this side effect. J Periodontol 2001;72:526‐531.
Combined Mechanical and Antibiotic Periodontal Therapy in a Case of Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Kugel Birgit , Pohl Sabine , Näher Helmut , Staehle Hans J. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Papillon Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is rare entity and, as such, it is almost impossible to evaluate an effective therapy in a randomized controlled study. The amount of success reported after therapy for prepubertal periodontitis (PP) in PLS is highly variable from case to case. The goal of this case report is to evaluate the effects of a combined mechanical and antibiotic periodontal therapy regimen in the management of PLS.Methods: A male patient was diagnosed as suffering from PP associated with PLS at the age of 7 years. He showed hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, as well as advanced periodontal disease already affecting permanent teeth with maximal probing depth and vertical attachment loss of 12 mm and 11 mm, respectively. Subgingival debridement was performed with simultaneous administration of oral 250 mg amoxicillin 3 times daily and 250 mg metronidazole twice daily for one week. Clinical parameters were assessed and subgingival plaque was collected from all teeth prior to therapy and 7 and 26 months after treatment. Selective cultures for A. actinomycetemcomitans were incubated for each individual tooth and DNA probe analysis was performed for various periodontal pathogens.Results: Prior to combined mechanical and antibiotic treatment, all teeth but one harbored Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans subgingivally. However, at 7 and 26 months after therapy A. actinomycetemcomitans could be detected neither by culture nor by DNA probes. Clinical parameters improved markedly and teeth erupting after therapy did not exhibit attachment loss of more than 1.5 mm during the observation period.Conclusions: Eradication (suppression beneath detection levels) of A. actinomycetemcomitans seems to play a significant role in the successful treatment of localized prepubertal periodontitis in PLS. J Periodontol 2001;72:542‐549.
Protease‐Active Extracellular Protein Preparations From Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 Induce N‐Cadherin Proteolysis, Loss of Cell Adhesion, and Apoptosis in Human Epithelial Cells
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Casiano Carlos A. , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: February 2005

Background: The protease‐induced cytotoxicity of P. gingivalis may partly result from alteration of the extracellular matrix and/or surface receptors that mediate interaction between the host cells and their matrix. While P. gingivalis‐induced degradation of E‐cadherin has been documented, there is no information on the effects of P. gingivalis proteases on other members of this family of cell adhesion proteins.Methods: Human epithelial KB cells were exposed to proteaseactive extracellular protein preparations from isogenic mutants of P. gingivalis. Quantification of apoptosis was performed by visualization of nuclei stained with 4,6′‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole. Alteration of cell adhesion proteins was examined by immunoblotting of cell lysates using monoclonal antibodies to those proteins.Results: Treated cells exhibited loss of cell adhesion properties with apoptotic cell death subsequently observed. These effects correlated with the different levels of cysteine‐dependent proteolytic activities of the isogenic mutants tested. Cleavage of N‐cadherin was observed in immunoblots of lysates from detached cells. There was a direct correlation between the kinetics of N‐cadherin cleavage and loss of cell adhesion properties. Loss of cell adhesion, as well as N‐cadherin cleavage, could be inhibited by preincubation of P. gingivalis protease active extracellular protein preparations with the cysteine protease inhibitor TLCK. In control experiments, the cleavage of N‐cadherin was detected after treatment of KB cells with trypsin but not after cell dissociation by a non‐enzymatic method.Conclusions: These results suggest that extracellular proteases from P. gingivalis can induce degradation of N‐cadherin, which could have implications for the pathogenicity of this bacterium. J Periodontol 2001;72:641‐650.
Hyaluronan Supports Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Induced Bone Reconstruction of Advanced Alveolar Ridge Defects in Dogs. A Pilot Study
Authors: Hunt Dennis R. , Jovanovic Sascha A. , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Wozney John M. , Bernard George W. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Prosthetic‐driven implant dentistry requires predictable procedures for alveolar ridge augmentation. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate bone regeneration in mandibular, full‐thickness, alveolar ridge, saddle‐type defects following surgical implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in a novel hyaluronan (HY) sponge carrier. This sponge was fabricated from auto‐crosslinked HY.Methods: Alveolar ridge defects (∼15 × 10 × 10 mm), 2 per jaw quadrant, were surgically prepared in each of 3 young adult American fox hounds. Four defects were immediately implanted with rhBMP‐2/HY. Three defects were implanted with rhBMP‐2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier (positive control). The rhBMP‐2 solution (1.5 ml at 0.2 mg/ml) was soak‐loaded onto the HY and ACS sponges. Three defects were implanted with HY sponges soak‐loaded with buffer without rhBMP‐2 (negative control), while 2 defects served as surgical controls. The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks postsurgery for histometric analysis.Results: Clinically, alveolar ridge defects receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS exhibited a slight supracrestal expansion, while defects receiving rhBMP‐2/HY were filled to contour. In contrast, the HY and surgical controls exhibited ridge collapse. rhBMP‐2/HY‐treated defects exhibited a dense bone quality without radiolucent regions observed in defects treated with rhBMP‐2/ACS. The histometric analysis showed 100% bone fill for the rhBMP‐2/ACS defects and 94%, 58%, and 65% bone fill for the rhBMP‐2/HY, HY, and surgical control defects, respectively.Conclusions: The conclusions are based on data from 2 of 3 animals in the study. In one animal, no response to rhBMP‐2 was observed with either carrier, and the animal may have been a non‐responder of unknown nature. With this limitation, the observations herein suggest that: 1) HY supports significant bone induction by rhBMP‐2; 2) the rhBMP‐2–induced bone assumes qualities of the immediate resident bone; 3) HY alone exhibits no apparent osteoconductive potential; and 4) HY appears to resorb within a 12‐week healing interval in the absence or presence of rhBMP‐2. Thus, HY appears to be a suitable candidate carrier for rhBMP‐2. J Periodontol 2001;72:651‐658.
Sucralfate: A Help During Oral Management in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Marini Ida , Vecchiet Federico 
Published: February 2005

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of genetic disorders that lead to blister formation at variable depths in skin and mucosa. Vesicles may arise spontaneously or be caused by friction or trauma. Oral tissue fragility and blistering is common in all EB types. The majority of patients with mild forms of EB are able to receive dental treatment. The prevention of dental caries is most challenging in subjects with severe mucosal involvement, as they are least able to routinely undergo correct preventive procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a sucralfate suspension in reducing both pain and the number of blisters in patients with EB, and to obtain improved oral hygiene and a lower incidence of caries.Methods: Five patients with dystrophic EB were treated with sucralfate suspension for the prevention and management of oral blisters. Oral blisters were assessed using a quantitative scale, while pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), and hygiene was evaluated through plaque and gingival indexes.Results: The number of blisters, oral pain, and plaque decreased in all cases.Conclusions: Oral prophylaxis with sucralfate prevented oral blisters and oral discomfort. The procedure proved to be cost effective and easy to administer. It did not show significant side effects and may be used routinely in patients with EB. J Periodontol 2001;72:691‐695.
Human Gingival Fibroblast Cytoskeleton Is a Target for Volatile Smoke Components
Authors: Rota Massimo T. , Poggi Paola , Boratto Renata 
Published: February 2005

Background: Several in vitro investigations have indicated that the particulate phase of cigarette smoke as nicotine affects many cell types including gingival fibroblasts, but few studies have examined the effect of volatile fraction on cellular structures involved in cell functions such as adhesion and proliferation. Since gingival fibroblast survival and reproduction are fundamental to maintaining the oral connective tissue as well as to wound healing, the effects of acrolein and acetaldehyde, volatile fractions of cigarette smoke, on cytoskeleton were examined in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro.Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) strains from healthy subjects with non‐inflamed gingiva were utilized. The cells were incubated in different concentrations of acrolein and acetaldehyde. Cell adhesion was evaluated after 3 hours. The influence of both substances on cytoskeletal structures, tubulin and vimentin intermediate filaments (VIF), was investigated using indirect immunofluorescence technique.Results: The results show that both substances produced similar effects, resulting in a dose‐dependent inhibition of HGF adhesion. Disturbance of HGF cytoskeleton consisted of a disruption of microtubules and vimentin microfilaments with alterations in cell shape.Conclusions: Our experimental findings suggest that volatile fractions of cigarette smoke such as acrolein and acetaldehyde, because their ability to bind and interact with the cytoskeleton, prevent HGF adhesion. Consequently the maintenance of the oral connective tissue and integrity and remodeling could be impaired. According to our morphological evidence, these findings confirm other clinical and epidemiological investigations reporting that volatile components of cigarette smoke could lead to the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2001;72:709‐713.