bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a scoping review
Authors: Cipolli Gabriela Cabett , Alonso Vanessa , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Assumpção Daniela de , Cachioni Meire , Melo Ruth Caldeira de , Hinsliff-Smith Kathryn , Yassuda Mônica Sanches 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEmerging studies indicate the persistence of symptoms beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Cognitive impairment has been observed in certain individuals for months following infection. Currently, there is limited knowledge about the specific cognitive domains that undergo alterations during the post-acute COVID-19 syndrome and the potential impact of disease severity on cognition. The aim of this review is to examine studies that have reported cognitive impairment in post-acute COVID-19, categorizing them into subacute and chronic phases. The methodology proposed by JBI was followed in this study. The included studies were published between December 2019 and December 2022. The search was conducted in PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS – BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo, and EBSCOHost. Data extraction included specific details about the population, concepts, context, and key findings or recommendations relevant to the review objectives. A total of 7,540 records were identified and examined, and 47 articles were included. The cognitive domains most frequently reported as altered 4 to 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 were language, episodic memory, and executive function, and after 12 weeks, the domains most affected were attention, episodic memory, and executive function. The results of this scoping review highlight that adults with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome may have impairment in specific cognitive domains.
Large Bowel Obstruction: Etiologies, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Chen Kevin A. , Kapadia Muneera R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLarge bowel obstructions (LBOs) often require urgent surgical intervention. Diagnosis relies on astute history and physical examination, as well as imaging with computed tomography (CT) scan for stable patients. Because of the high mortality associated with colonic perforation in patients with LBOs, decisive surgical decision-making is needed for optimal outcomes. This review seeks to provide an overview of the etiologies of LBO, diagnosis, and general management principles, as well as specific management for the most common etiologies, including colorectal cancer and strictures.
Management of Severe Colitis and Toxic Megacolon
Authors: Liggett Marjorie R. , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSevere colitis is a well-defined condition encompassing several etiologies but is most often caused by severe ulcerative colitis or Clostridioides difficile infection. Severe colitis can evolve into toxic colitis, or toxic megacolon when associated with bowel dilation and systemic manifestations, resulting in a life-threatening scenario where multidisciplinary management is often required. Medical management continues to play an important role in the initial treatment of toxic megacolon. However, timely surgical intervention can be lifesaving.
The history and rationale of the development of new drugs for migraine treatment
Authors: Kowacs Pedro André , Sampaio Rocha-Filho Pedro Augusto , Peres Mário Fernando Prieto , Edvinsson Lars 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMigraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling diseases in the world. Migraine attack treatments and prophylactic treatments of this disease are essential to lessen its individual, social, and economic impact. This is a narrative review of the main drugs used for treating migraine, as well as the experimental models and the theoretical frameworks that led to their development. Ergot derivatives, triptans, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, flunarizine, valproic acid, topiramate, onabotulinumtoxin A, ditans, monoclonal antibodies against CGRP and its receptor, and gepants are discussed. Possible therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs that are under development are also addressed. Many of the drugs currently in use for treating migraine were developed for the treatment of other diseases, but have proven effective for the treatment of migraine, expanding knowledge about the disease. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, new drugs have been and continue to be developed specifically for the treatment of this disease.
Treating myofascial pain with dry needling: a systematic review for the best evidence-based practices in low back pain
Authors: Dach Fabíola , Ferreira Karen S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common source of pain in primary care or pain clinics. There are many different ways to manage and treat MPS, such as physical exercise, trigger points massage, and dry needling.
Objective The objective of this overview is to highlight and discuss the evidence-based treatment of myofascial pain by dry needling in patients with low back pain.
Methods A systematic review was made based on meta-analysis (MA) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to dry needling treatment for myofascial pain in patients with lumbar pain, published from 2000 to 2023.
Results A total of 509 records were identified at first. Seventy were published before 2000, so they were excluded. From the remaining 439 studies, ninety-two were RCTs or MA, of which 86 additional studies were excluded for the following reasons: not related to dry needling treatment (n = 79), not published in English (n = 4), duplicated (n = 1), project protocol (n = 1), and not related to myofascial pain (n = 1). So, this review was based on 4 RCTs and two MA. These studies compared dry needling efficacy to other treatments, such as acupuncture, sham dry needling, laser therapy, physical therapy, local anesthetic injection, ischemic compression, and neuroscience education. Despite outcomes and follow-up period varied between them, they showed that dry needling can decrease post-intervention pain intensity and pain disability.
Conclusion Dry needling is an effective procedure for the treatment of myofascial pain in patients with acute and chronic low back pain. Further high-quality studies are needed to clarify the long-term outcomes.
Ethnic Differences in Thrombotic Profiles of Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients and Relationship to Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Comparison of East Asian and White subjects
Authors: Suh Jung-Won , Memtsas Vassilios , Gue Ying X , Cho Hyoung-Won , Lee Wonjae , Kang Si-Hyuck , Gorog Diana A. 
Published: December 2023

Background East Asians (EAs), compared to white Caucasians (W), have a lower risk of ischemic heart disease and a higher risk of bleeding with antithrombotic medications. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood.
Objectives We sought to compare thrombotic profiles of EA and W patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and relate these to cardiovascular outcomes.
Methods In a prospective study in the United Kingdom and Korea, blood samples from patients (n = 515) with ST- or non-ST-elevation MI (STEMI and NSTEMI) were assessed using the Global Thrombosis Test, measuring thrombotic occlusion (OT) and endogenous fibrinolysis (lysis time [LT]). Patients were followed for 1 year for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and bleeding.
Results EA patients showed reduced OT (longer OT) compared to W (646 seconds [470–818] vs. 436 seconds [320–580], p < 0.001), with similar LT. In STEMI, OT (588 seconds [440–759] vs. 361 seconds [274–462], p < 0.001) and LT (1,854 seconds [1,389–2,729] vs. 1,338 seconds [1,104–1,788], p < 0.001) were longer in EA than W. In NSTEMI, OT was longer (OT: 734 seconds [541–866] vs. 580 seconds [474–712], p < 0.001) and LT shorter (1519 seconds [1,058–2,508] vs. 1,898 seconds [1,614–2,806], p = 0.004) in EA than W patients. MACE was more frequent in W than EA (6.3 vs. 1.9%, p = 0.014) and bleeding infrequent. While OT was unrelated, LT was a strong independent predictor of MACE event after adjustment for risk factors (hazard ratio: 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.43–9.57, p = 0.007), predominantly in W patients, and more so in STEMI than NSTEMI patients.
Conclusion EA patients exhibit different global thrombotic profiles to W, associated with a lower rate of cardiovascular events.
Is Congenital Syphilis Still a Problem?—A 20-Year Retrospective Study from a Northern Portuguese Level II Hospital
Authors: Figueiredo Ana Sofia , Quintela Carolina , Cascais Mafalda , Calviño Juan , Sousa Marisa , Pereira António , Soares Isabel 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective The incidence of syphilis and congenital syphilis has increased in recent years according to European and United States of America official data: indeed, 2019 was the second consecutive year when the number of reported cases has increased. Syphilis is a venereal disease caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. Congenital syphilis is a consequence of maternal T. palidum transmission to a fetus at any stage of maternal disease, via a transplacental pathway or during labor.
Methods To investigate the incidence, characteristics, and temporal evolution of neonates with suspected congenital syphilis (proven, possible, or less likely and unlikely) or born from mothers with treated and untreated latent syphilis, we designed a retrospective and descriptive study of hospitalized neonates between 2001 and 2020, in a level II hospital located in the northern Portuguese countryside.
Results We report a total of 22 neonates, 50% female. Pregnancy was unsupervised or had inadequate surveillance in 36% of cases (n = 8), in 32% (n = 7) syphilis was not treated, and in 14% (n = 3) it was inadequately treated. All neonates studied with suspected congenital syphilis were asymptomatic and all were treated with penicillin for a mean duration of 11 days. Of the 22 neonates with suspected congenital syphilis, 20 had possible congenital infection. Social vulnerability was also an important factor present in our study group.
Conclusion Despite being an ancient disease, congenital syphilis is still a concern mostly due to the lack of adequate pregnancy surveillance and maternal/partner diagnosis and treatment.
Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome in a 14-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Watermeyer Fabian , Stampfli Martha L. , Hahn Markus , Markart Stefan , Gessler Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAcute flaccid paralysis caused by anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) is rare in children. It typically manifests as bilateral loss of motor function, pain, and temperature sensation below the level of occlusion, with relatively little impairment in proprioception and vibration sense. We present such a case in a 14-year-old child who presented with a sudden onset of neck pain followed by the typical symptoms of ASAS with impaired breathing due to the height of the lesion, which was found in the magnetic resonance imaging examination at the level of C1–5. An initially suspected thrombogenic cause proved inapplicable. Ultimately, despite extensive diagnosis, as in most cases of ASAS in children, the cause remains unclear.
Gaining Insights into Inherited Bleeding Disorders of Complex Etiology in Pediatric Patients: Whole-Exome Sequencing as First-Line Investigation Tool
Authors: Bandini Perla , Borràs Nina , Berrueco Ruben , Gassiot Susanna , Martin-Fernandez Laura , Sarrate Edurne , Comes Natàlia , Ramírez Lorena , Hobeich Carlos , Vidal Francisco , Corrales Irene 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Investigation of the molecular basis of inherited bleeding disorders (IBD) is mostly performed with gene panel sequencing. However, the continuous discovery of new related genes underlies the limitation of this approach. This study aimed to identify genetic variants responsible for IBD in pediatric patients using whole-exome sequencing (WES), and to provide a detailed description and reclassification of candidate variants.
Material and Methods WES was performed for 18 pediatric patients, and variants were filtered using a first-line list of 290 genes. Variant prioritization was discussed in a multidisciplinary team based on genotype-phenotype correlation, and segregation studies were performed with available family members.
Results The study identified 22 candidate variants in 17 out of 18 patients (94%). Eleven patients had complete genotype-phenotype correlation, resulting in a diagnostic yield of 61%, 5 (28%) were classified as partially solved, and 2 (11%) remained unsolved. Variants were identified in platelet (ACTN1, ANKRD26, CYCS, GATA1, GFI1B, ITGA2, NBEAL2, RUNX1, SRC, TUBB1), bleeding (APOLD1), and coagulation (F7, F8, F11, VWF) genes. Notably, 9 out of 22 (41%) variants were previously unreported. Variant pathogenicity was assessed according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines and reclassification of three variants based on family segregation evidence, resulting in the identification of 10 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, 6 variants of uncertain significance, and 6 benign or likely benign variants.
Conclusion This study demonstrated the high potential of WES in identifying rare molecular defects causing IBD in pediatric patients, improving their management, prognosis, and treatment, particularly for patients at risk of malignancy and/or bleeding due to invasive procedures.
Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair: early follow-up of a randomized controlled study of primary fascial closure before mesh placement
Authors: Silfvenius Annie U K , Lindmark Mikael E , Tall Jael V , Österberg Johanna K , Strigård Karin K , Thorell Anders , Gunnarsson Ulf S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Suturing of the hernia aperture in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair has increased during the past decade. The primary aim of this is to restore the anatomy of the abdominal wall. Closure of the aperture, however, may cause additional tension in the abdominal wall which could increase postoperative pain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether suturing of the hernia aperture affects postoperative pain and hernia-site complications, including seroma, infection, pseudohernia, and mesh migration, 3 months after repair.

Methods
Some 192 patients with a midline hernia between 2 and 8 cm in transverse diameter were included in a randomized controlled double-blinded multicentre study. Patients were randomized to mesh repair with (intervention) or without (control) suturing of the hernia aperture before mesh placement. Patients completed the Ventral Hernia Pain Questionnaire before and 3 months after surgery. Abdominal wall pain and hernia-site complications were assessed 3 months after surgery.

Results
Ninety-seven patients were randomized to the intervention group and 95 to the control group. Among all patients, median age and BMI was 56 years and 31 kg/m2 respectively. Overall pain experienced decreased by 3 months after operation (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference between groups regarding hernia-site complications or pain experienced during the past week (13 versus 23 patients; P = 0.111). Seroma and pseudohernia occurred in 13 and 11 patients in the intervention and control groups respectively (P = 0.975 and P = 0.977).

Conclusion
Restoration of the abdominal wall anatomy by suturing the hernia aperture before mesh placement does not increase the risk of hernia-site complication or pain 3 months after surgery. This implies that fascial suturing of the aperture can be justified if there are potential long-term benefits such as lower recurrence and/or complication rates. Registration number: ISRCTN51495042 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Benefit allocation of electricity–gas–heat–hydrogen integrated energy system based on Shapley value
Authors: Liu Yujiao , Li Yan , Rong Yiping , Li Guoliang , Wang Ruiqi , Zhou Haini 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The integrated energy system is an important development direction for achieving energy transformation in the context of the low-carbon development era, and an integrated energy system that uses renewable energy can reduce carbon emissions and improve energy utilization efficiency. The electric power network and the natural gas network are important transmission carriers in the energy field, so the coupling relationship between them has been of wide concern. This paper establishes an integrated energy system considering electricity, gas, heat and hydrogen loads; takes each subject in the integrated energy system as the research object; analyses the economic returns of each subject under different operation modes; applies the Shapley value method for benefit allocation; and quantifies the contribution value of the subject to the alliance through different influencing factors to revise the benefit allocation value. Compared with the independent mode, the overall benefits of the integrated energy system increase in the cooperative mode and the benefits of all subjects increase. Due to the different characteristics of different subjects in terms of environmental benefits, collaborative innovation and risk sharing, the benefit allocation is reduced for new-energy subjects and increased for power-to-gas subjects and combined heat and power generation units after revising the benefit allocation, to improve the matching degree between the contribution level and the benefit allocation under the premise of increased profit for each subject. The cooperative mode effectively enhances the economic benefits of the system as a whole and individually, and provides a useful reference for the allocation of benefits of integrated energy systems. The analysis shows that the revised benefit distribution under the cooperative model increases by 3.86%, 4.08% and 3.13% for power-to-gas subjects, combined heat and power generation units, and new-energy units, respectively, compared with the independent function model.
The role of time and space in the identification of left behind regions: a case study of Denmark
Authors: Jessen Sigrid 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the state of identification of left behind regions and proposes a new methodology for identifying them. Despite increased interest in rising regional inequality, the identification of left behind regions differs greatly, complicating policymaking aimed at addressing these regional challenges. Based on the substantial literature that has emerged in recent years on left behind regions, the paper argues for the importance of both time and space as key elements when identifying left behind regions. This paper applies the proposed identification method to Denmark; it uses longitudinal data from 1980 to 2018 and includes the current wave of interregional inequality and typically adopted variables for identifying left behind regions across the literature.
High-Quality Genome Assemblies Reveal Evolutionary Dynamics of Repetitive DNA and Structural Rearrangements in the Drosophila virilis Subgroup
Authors: Flynn Jullien M , Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H , Long Manyuan , Wing Rod A , Clark Andrew G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
High-quality genome assemblies across a range of nontraditional model organisms can accelerate the discovery of novel aspects of genome evolution. The Drosophila virilis group has several attributes that distinguish it from more highly studied species in the Drosophila genus, such as an unusual abundance of repetitive elements and extensive karyotype evolution, in addition to being an attractive model for speciation genetics. Here, we used long-read sequencing to assemble five genomes of three virilis group species and characterized sequence and structural divergence and repetitive DNA evolution. We find that our contiguous genome assemblies allow characterization of chromosomal arrangements with ease and can facilitate analysis of inversion breakpoints. We also leverage a small panel of resequenced strains to explore the genomic pattern of divergence and polymorphism in this species and show that known demographic histories largely predicts the extent of genome-wide segregating polymorphism. We further find that a neo-X chromosome in Drosophila americana displays X-like levels of nucleotide diversity. We also found that unusual repetitive elements were responsible for much of the divergence in genome composition among species. Helitron-derived tandem repeats tripled in abundance on the Y chromosome in D. americana compared to Drosophila novamexicana, accounting for most of the difference in repeat content between these sister species. Repeats with characteristics of both transposable elements and satellite DNAs expanded by 3-fold, mostly in euchromatin, in both D. americana and D. novamexicana compared to D. virilis. Our results represent a major advance in our understanding of genome biology in this emerging model clade.
The Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Oceania: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Incidence and Prevalence
Authors: Forbes Angela J , Frampton Chris M A , Day Andrew S , Kaplan Gilaad G , Gearry Richard B 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Past studies have shown high rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia and New Zealand (NZ). We aimed to describe the epidemiology of IBD in Australia, NZ, and the surrounding region (collectively termed Oceania) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
Electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2023 for studies reporting incidence or prevalence rates of IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) in Oceania. All study designs were included. A meta-analysis calculated pooled estimates of incidence and prevalence, and a sensitivity analysis compared the pooled population-based studies with the non–population-based studies and the Australian and NZ studies separately.

Results
Nineteen incidence and 11 prevalence studies were included; 2 studies were from the Pacific Islands, with the rest coming from Australia and NZ. Pooled estimates showed high incidence rates of 19.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8-23.7) for IBD, 8.3 (95% CI, 6.9-9.8) for CD, and 7.4 (95% CI, 5.7-9.1) for CD per 100 000 person-years. CD was more common than UC in most studies. The pooled estimates for the prevalence studies were 303.3 (95% CI, 128.1-478.4) for IBD, 149.8 (95% CI, 71.0-228.5) for CD, and 142.2 (95% CI, 63.1-221.4) for UC per 100 000 persons. Studies using population-based data collection methods showed higher pooled rates for both incidence and prevalence.

Conclusions
The incidence and prevalence of IBD in Oceania is high. The studies were heterogeneous and there were several geographic areas with no information, highlighting the need for more epidemiological studies of IBD.
The Clinical Interpretation of Noninferiority Trials
Authors: Roshanov Pavel S , Khanna Reena 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Noninferiority trials are designed to demonstrate that a new treatment is not unacceptably worse than a standard treatment, considering an allowable difference termed the noninferiority margin. We highlight that selection of noninferiority margins at the time of study design can be biased toward wider margins that favor noninferiority claims. We discuss a clinically oriented approach to interpretation of results with a focus on confidence intervals and recommend that readers base their judgments regarding noninferiority on margins reflecting patient values and preferences rather than those set by investigators. We provide examples from trials in inflammatory bowel diseases.