bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between Claus and THIOPAQ sulfur recovery techniques in natural gas plants
Authors: Abdel Hamid Mahmoud Farag , Aboul-Fotouh Tarek M. , El-Shafie Masoud A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA sulfur recovery process is one of the most important processes in the oil and gas industry to get rid of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is produced from the acid gas removal process of sour natural gas to convert it into sweet natural gas. Actual data from a gas field is used to obtain a realistic comparison between two sulfur recovery techniques, through which researchers and/or manufacturers can obtain information that will help them choose the most appropriate and cheapest method. A total feed acid gas flow rate of 5.1844 MMSCFD with an H2S concentration of 24.62% by mole percent was produced from amine acid gas removal units. Claus sulfur recovery technique is a traditional chemical process that uses thermal and catalytic reactors. Therefore, an acid gas enrichment unit is applied to increase the H2S concentration to approximately 50% mole to provide reliable and flexible operation in the thermal and catalytic reactors. Moreover, a tail gas treatment unit is applied to increase the overall conversion efficiency to 99.90% with the Claus technique instead of 95.08% without it to achieve high sulfur recovery and reliable operation through the conversion of carbonyl sulfide (COS) and mercaptans. Studies on the safety and simplicity of the Claus technique revealed many important hazards and a large number of transmitters (379) and control loops (128) in one Claus train. THIOPAQ sulfur recovery as a new technology is a biological desulfurization process that uses a natural mixture of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. It is also a unique H2S removal process with an efficiency of 99.999%. In addition, studies on the safety and simplicity of the THIOPAQ technique have shown that the hazards, the number of transmitters (74), and the number of control loops (29) of a one THIOPAQ train are lower. The THIOPAQ technique showed higher efficiency, was safer, simpler, and had lower CAPEX and OPEX. This study was conducted using Aspen HYSYS V11 and actual data.
Distributed wide-field electromagnetic method for coal mining goaf detection in a complex urban environment: A case study in Jinan, China
Authors: Zhang Heng , Yang Yang , Li Hu , Luo Pingfan , Zhou Changyu , Zhu Yuzhen , Peng Yonghui , Sun Huaifeng 
Published: January 2024

Urban expansion has resulted in many proposed projects located over coal mining zones, which has highlighted the importance of detecting the spatial scope and water abundance of goafs before the commencement of construction work. Although electromagnetic (EM) methods have proven effective for goaf detection, their applications in intensely noisy and urbanized environments remain limited. To address this challenge, we evaluate an investigation of a coal mining goaf in Jinan, China, using the distributed wide-field EM (DWFEM) method. A third-order [Formula: see text] sequence pseudorandom signal with 39 survey frequencies is transmitted to achieve long-time data acquisition at each station. Unlike the controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotellurics method, the DWFEM records only the electric field [Formula: see text] component. The synthetic model tests and field data demonstrate the consistency of the [Formula: see text] apparent resistivity and the Cagniard resistivity in the far field. The long-time acquisition and 1C recording greatly improve data quality and exploration efficiency. We also use an all-angle resistivity calculation formula and an electrode layout method parallel to the wire source to obtain electrical connections in different directions. The DWFEM inversion results are obtained using the 1D Gauss-Newton iterative method under a plane-wave assumption. By interpolating the data from different measurement stations, we image resistivity depth profiles and obtain 3D subsurface electrical data for the subsurface from 0 to 1000 m. We interpret the obtained profiles with geologic and mining information, revealing two significant water-enriched goaf areas. Validation is performed using seismic data and drill cores. The results significantly enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the coal mine under our project and highlight the applicability of the DWFEM for detecting goafs in complex urban environments.
An Explanation of Why Dose-Corrected Area Under the Curve for Alternate Administration Routes Can Be Greater than for Intravenous Dosing
Authors: Wakuda Hirokazu , Xiang Yue , Sodhi Jasleen K. , Uemura Naoto , Benet Leslie Z. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIt is generally believed that bioavailability (F) calculated based on systemic concentration area under the curve (AUC) measurements cannot exceed 1.0, yet some published studies report this inconsistency. We teach and believe, based on differential equation derivations, that rate of absorption has no influence on measured systemic clearance following an oral dose, i.e., determined as available dose divided by AUC. Previously, it was thought that any difference in calculating F from urine data versus that from systemic concentration AUC data was due to the inability to accurately measure urine data. A PubMed literature search for drugs exhibiting F > 1.0 and studies for which F was measured using both AUC and urinary excretion dose-corrected analyses yielded data for 35 drugs. We show and explain, using Kirchhoff’s Laws, that these universally held concepts concerning bioavailability may not be valid in all situations. Bioavailability, determined using systemic concentration measurements, for many drugs may be overestimated since AUC reflects not only systemic elimination but also absorption rate characteristics, which is most easily seen for renal clearance measures. Clearance of drug from the absorption site must be significantly greater than clearance following an iv bolus dose for F(AUC) to correctly correspond with F(urine). The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that studies resulting in F > 1.0 and/or greater systemic vs urine bioavailability predictions may be accurate. Importantly, these explications have no significant impact on current regulatory guidance for bioequivalence testing, nor on the use of exposure (AUC) measures in making drug dosing decisions.
Graphical Abstract
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Women Diagnosed With Gestational Diabetes (WHO 2013) 10 Years After Index Pregnancy
Authors: Kgosidialwa Oratile , Newman Christine , Carmody Louise , McGrath Brian , O’Shea Paula M , Dunne Fidelma 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
It is not clear if the risk of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) is attenuated in the long-term in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM) using the World Health Organization (WHO) 2013 criteria and who have received appropriate treatment during pregnancy.

Objective
We aimed to assess the long-term prevalence of AGT and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in this cohort.

Methods
A retrospective cohort follow-up study was conducted of 37 and 107 women diagnosed with and without GDM respectively using the WHO 2013 criteria between June 2010 and December 2010. Women were invited to attend our center, where they underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, blood and urine collection, body measurements, and electrocardiography. Main outcome measure included the development of AGT using the American Diabetes Association criteria.

Results
Sixteen (43.2%) women with GDM compared to 5 (4.7%) women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at index pregnancy had AGT (P &lt; .001). In the GDM group, 10 (27.0%), 7 (18.9%), and 4 (10.8%) women had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), respectively. In the NGT group, 2 (1.9%), 3 (2.8%), and 1 (0.9%) woman had IFG, IGT, and T2DM, respectively. Women with AGT also had an unfavorable metabolic profile including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion
Women treated for GDM (WHO 2013 criteria) remain at increased risk for developing AGT and adverse CVD risk factors as early as a decade after diagnosis. Continued efforts are needed to accurately follow this population to address modifiable risk factors.
Anatomic Feasibility of a Superficial Temporal Artery to Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass With a Parietal Branch Interposition Graft: The Superficial Temporal Artery Telescope Bypass
Authors: Gandhi Sirin , Benet Arnau , Tabani Halima , Tayebi Meybodi Ali , González Sánchez Josep , Scherschinski Lea , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Revascularizing the postcommunicating segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) using extracranial donor sites requires long interposition grafts. The superficial temporal artery (STA) is frequently used for extracranial-intracranial ACA revascularization. However, the length of either STA branch is not sufficient to reach the ACA with a proper caliber match, so an interposition graft is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate a bypass that uses the 2 main branches of the STA to reach the A3 (pericallosal) segment of the ACA.

METHODS:
The frontal and parietal branches of the STA were dissected from 10 cadaveric specimens. The middle internal frontal artery (MIFA) was exposed through an anterior interhemispheric approach. An interposition graft technique was applied using the parietal branch of the STA (pSTA) to connect the frontal branch of the STA (fSTA) with the MIFA. The bypass code is fSTA (E-Ec) pSTA + pSTA (E-Sc) MIFA. Measurements of length and caliber were taken at the anastomotic sites for the distal branches of the STA and the MIFA.

RESULTS:
The mean (SD) diameter of the MIFA measured 1.4 (0.2) mm, similar to the calibers of the frontal and parietal branches of the STA. The mean (SD) length of the end-to-side STA-MIFA bypass was 145.5 (7.4) mm, and the mean (SD) length of the donor-graft construct measured 204.2 (27.9) mm. This bypass design resulted in a surplus donor graft length of 38%.

CONCLUSION:
Using the pSTA as an interposition graft proved to be a successful technique for creating an STA-MIFA bypass, yielding excess donor graft length that facilitated an unstrained bypass construct. This approach offers several advantages, including a single skin incision, ample graft length, caliber compatibility, and a straightforward technical execution.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome: A comprehensive review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies in hyperglycemic crises
Authors: Orłowska Dominika , Kapłan Wojciech , Ostański Jan , Zalewa Karolina , Bartoszek Lidia , Świdziński Rafał , Skorupski Bartosz , Lipiec Jakub , Rogowska Monika , Olszak Joanna 
Published: January 2024

Introduction and Purpose Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), a severe type 2 diabetes complication, presents with profound hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and dehydration sans ketosis, posing distinct challenges in diagnosis and treatment compared to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This article aims to enhance medical community awareness by examining HHS features, prevalence, and associated risk factors, contributing to improved clinical management. Emphasizing tailored treatment strategies for dehydration, coexisting illnesses, and metabolic decompensation, it ultimately seeks to enhance outcomes for type 2 diabetes individuals.
Material and methods Conducting a systematic review of medical articles from 1972 to 2023 using PubMed, this study analyzed keywords such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, HHS, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, and dehydration. Inclusion of pertinent articles ensured a comprehensive exploration of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) literature during the specified timeframe.
Brief description of the state of knowledge. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) predominantly affects elderly type 2 diabetes individuals, often triggered by infections like pneumonia or urinary tract infections. Clinical presentation includes fatigue, weakness, polydipsia, polyuria, nausea, and altered consciousness. Diagnosis relies on criteria such as elevated blood glucose levels and increased osmolality. HHS management involves a multidisciplinary approach, addressing fluid depletion, compromised cerebral perfusion, and achieving gradual normalization of osmolality and blood glucose levels to prevent complications.
Summary Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS), a severe metabolic disorder linked to diabetes, extends beyond hyperglycemia, necessitating a comprehensive understanding. This review sheds light on HHS etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment modalities, emphasizing its critical nature in diabetes care.
Diagnostic value of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling in various modifications and methods of radiation and radionuclide imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism
Authors: Belaya Zh. E. , Golounina O. O. , Sitkin I. I. , Rozhinskaya L. Ya. , Degtyarev M. V. , Trukhina D. A. , Bondarenko E. V. , Lapshina A. M. , Mamedova E. O. , Przhiyalkovskaya E. G. , Vaks V. V. , Melnichenko G. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Dedov I. I. 
Published: January 2024

AIM: To analyze the diagnostic performance of bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) with desmopressin as a stimulation agent and prolactin measurements to control catheter position with or without the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio calculation in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercortisolism, and the diagnostics performance of ectopic ACTH-syndrome (EAS) visualization.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center diagnostic study with a retrospective analysis of the data was carried out. The study included patients with ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism with no visualization of pituitary adenoma on MRI or adenoma sizes less than 6 mm. All patients underwent BIPSS with and without calculation of the ACTH/prolactin normalized ratio. Visualization of an EAS included pituitary MRI (to exclude EAS), whole-body CT scan with contrast, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 99mTc-Tectrotide and CT (99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT). The final verification was based on immunohistochemical confirmation of the tumor or stable remission of Cushing’s disease (CD) after surgical treatment. Statistical data processing was carried out by using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. Confidence intervals were calculated using the JavaStat online calculator.RESULTS: 230 BIPSS were performed in 228 patients (166 women, 62 men), of which 178 patients were verified as CD and 50 cases were EAS of various localization. The effectiveness of catheterization of petrosal sinuses was 96.9%. The sensitivity of BIPSS without ACTH/prolactin ratio calculation (n=70) was 95.9% (95% CI 86.3–98.9), specificity was 92% (95% CI 75.0–97.8), for the BIPSS with additional determination of ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio (n=51) — 97.3% (95% CI 86.2–99.5) and 93.8% (95% CI 71.7–98.9), respectively. The use of the MRI method for this sample of patients had a sensitivity of 60.2% (95% CI 52.6–67.5), specificity of 59.2% (95% CI 44.2–73.0), the total body CT with contrast has a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI 59.7–85.4), specificity of 100% (95% CI 97.95–100). The diagnostic accuracy for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT in NET visualization has a sensitivity of 73.3% (95% CI 44.9–92.2), specificity of 100% (95% CI 95.3–100).CONCLUSION: BIPSS with desmopressin stimulation and prolactin measurements to control catheter position, as well as the additional calculation of the ACTH/prolactin-normalized ratio, is an optimal method for the differential diagnosis of EAS. Patients who are identified an EAS on BIPSS may be further referred for 99mTc-Tectrotide SPECT and CT for tumor visualization.
Universal Basic Income Universally Welcomed? – Relevance of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Variables for Acceptance in Germany
Authors: Sureth Antonia , Gierke Lioba , Nachtwei Jens , Ziegler Matthias , Decker Oliver , Zenger Markus , Brähler Elmar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic plunged economies into recessions and advancements in artificial intelligence create widespread automation of job tasks. A debate around how to address these challenges has moved the introduction of a universal basic income (UBI) center stage. However, existing UBI research mainly focuses on economic aspects and normative arguments but lacks an individual perspective that goes beyond examining the association between socio-demographic characteristics and UBI support. We add to this literature by investigating not only socio-demographic but also psychological predictors of UBI acceptance in a multivariate analysis using a representative sample of the German working population collected in 2020 (N = 1986). Our results indicate that being more supportive of a UBI went along with being comparably younger, of East-German origin, and more in favor of equal living standards, as well as perceiving one’s economic situation to be worse and the threat of the corona-pandemic to be higher.
Chemistry Digital Standards: Tools for an increasingly digital research culture
Authors: Mustafa Fatima , McEwen Leah , Bruno Ian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
After over 100 years of developing standards for chemistry, IUPAC is moving forward towards the “Digital IUPAC” era which embraces modern practices working with data, a propensity towards Open Science and application of the FAIR Data Principles. In a recent webinar hosted by *Chemvoices platform, Fatima Mustafa, WorldFAIR Chemistry project coordinator, moderated a discussion with Leah McEwen, the chair of the IUPAC Committee on Publications and Chemical Data Standards (CPCDS), and Ian Bruno, CPCDS titular member, to enlighten the chemists community on efforts around digitizing IUPAC.
Weak Convergence of the Rosenbrock Semi-implicit Method for Semilinear Parabolic SPDEs Driven by Additive Noise
Authors: Mukam Jean Daniel , Tambue Antoine 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the weak convergence of the Rosenbrock semi-implicit method for semilinear parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) driven by additive noise.
We are interested in SPDEs where the nonlinear part is stronger than the linear part, also called stochastic reaction dominated transport equations.
For such SPDEs, many standard numerical schemes lose their stability properties.
Exponential Rosenbrock and Rosenbrock-type methods were proved to be efficient for such SPDEs, but only their strong convergence were recently analyzed.
Here, we investigate the weak convergence of the Rosenbrock semi-implicit method.
We obtain a weak convergence rate which is twice the rate of the strong convergence.
Our error analysis does not rely on Malliavin calculus, but rather only uses the Kolmogorov equation and the smoothing properties of the resolvent operator resulting from the Rosenbrock semi-implicit approximation.
A quantitative stability result for the sphere packing problem in dimensions 8 and 24
Authors: Böröczky Károly J. , Radchenko Danylo , Ramos João P. G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We prove explicit stability estimates for the sphere packing problem in dimensions 8 and 24, showing that, in the lattice case, if a lattice is

∼
ε

{\sim\varepsilon}

close to satisfying the optimal density, then it is, in a suitable sense, close to the

E
8

{E_{8}}

and Leech lattices, respectively. In the periodic setting, we prove that, under the same assumptions, we may take a large “frame” through which our packing locally looks like

E
8

{E_{8}}

or

Λ
24

{\Lambda_{24}}

.
Our methods make explicit use of the magic functions constructed in [M. S. Viazovska,
The sphere packing problem in dimension 8,
Ann. of Math. (2) 185 2017, 3, 991–1015] in dimension 8 and in [H. Cohn, A. Kumar, S. D. Miller, D. Radchenko and M. Viazovska,
The sphere packing problem in dimension 24,
Ann. of Math. (2) 185 2017, 3, 1017–1033] in dimension 24, together with results of independent interest on the abstract stability of the lattices

E
8

{E_{8}}

and

Λ
24

{\Lambda_{24}}

.
Tracing Exilience Through Literature and Translation: A Portuguese Gargantua in Paris (1848)
Authors: Maia Rita Bueno 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The present article explores the way translated literature informs on (i) how exile shapes the cities’ landscapes (both the starting city and the arrival), as well as (ii) the emotional hardship of the exilic condition, which entails a feeling of estrangement and the longing for imaginary homelands. To attain this twofold aim, it focuses on the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Portuguese migrant movements to Paris. It searches, on the one hand, to retrace exilience in descriptions of Lisbon and Paris in biographical accounts of Portuguese exiles. On the other hand, it analyses an 1848 rewriting of Rabelais’ Gargantua in Portuguese. It is contented that Gargantua Portuguez [Portuguese Gargantua] bears testimony of the presence of anonymous Portuguese-language exiles in mid-nineteenth-century Paris, while creating a “safe house” for them, by seeking historical justice which would, in turn, assist in coping with the exilic condition.
Galton–Watson Theta-Processes in a Varying Environment
Authors: Sagitov Serik , Zhumayev Yerakhmet 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We consider a special class of Galton–Watson theta-processes in a varying environment fully defined by four parameters, with two of them

(
θ
,
r
)

{(\theta,r)}

being fixed over time n, and the other two

(

a
n

,

c
n

)

{(a_{n},c_{n})}

characterizing the altering reproduction laws. We establish a sequence of transparent limit theorems for the theta-processes with possibly defective reproduction laws. These results may serve as a stepping stone towards incisive general results for the Galton–Watson processes in a varying environment.
Water transportation planning in connection with extreme weather conditions; case study – Port of Novi Sad, Serbia
Authors: Komazec Nenad , Šoškić Svetislav , Milić Aleksandar , Štrbac Katarina , Valjarević Aleksandar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Danube has a length of 588 km in the Republic of Serbia. The water transport on this river is underused. The hazardous events have a great impact on the traffic on this river, and the understanding of these events is of great importance. This study focuses on hazardous events on the Danube with the main focus on the port of Novi. The hazardous events used in this study are extreme air temperatures, devastating winds, drought, and heavy precipitation. The hazardous events were represented using geographic information systems (GIS), geostatistics, and numerical methods. The potential of the river transport network and the port capacity were analyzed and compared with the hazardous events of the last 30 years. The results showed that three areas of the port are of great importance for port security, and two areas are extremely affected by hazardous events. The distance of the port of Novi Sad from heavy precipitation events is 6.8 km in the southwestern direction. The periods of extremely low precipitation (climatic drought) were in 1994, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2019, and 2021. Extreme average maximum temperatures were in 1995, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2019. On the other hand, minimum average temperatures were in 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2017, and 2018, and the strongest winds were in 1995, 1998, 2003, 2009, 2012, and 2014. The methods and techniques of GIS, used in this research, have confirmed new potential geographical positions of the port that can be better adapted to future climate changes. Another main objective of this research is to recommend better spatial planning and construction of new green corridors.