bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Transition's Necropolitics: Inequalities, Climate Extractivism, and Carbon Classes
Authors: Deberdt Raphael , Le Billon Philippe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article theorises the processes of colonisation, wealth accumulation, and inequalities creation that the current paradigm of a resource‐hungry green transition enacts on the most vulnerable populations. We suggest that the extractivist logics and related technical fixes are leading to a “climate necropolitics”. In this, the socio‐economic system is increasingly defined by classes’ carbon exposure and consumption. Through the “green growth” of late capitalism, we theorise the advent of four carbon‐defined classes. Bounded by the access to climate tech capital and consumption of low‐carbon products, these include the ultra‐carbonised, decarbonised, still‐carbonised, and uncarbonised classes—with the first two acting as dominant classes and necropolitical agents sustained by the remaining lower classes. Inspired by Marxist scholars, we suggest that the current status quo is untenable and will result in class warfare during which coalitions between classes could reorient the “make live and let die” of the current green transition paradigm.
Transient abnormal myelopoiesis requiring advanced neonatal intensive care treatment
Authors: Chalia Maria , Seager Emilie , Rao Anupama , Hannam Simon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimFive to thirty percent of neonates with trisomy 21 develop transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) with a high mortality rate. The aim of the study was to identify contributing factors that determine mortality and need for chemotherapy in this patient group.MethodsSix‐year, single‐centre, retrospective study of neonatal TAM cases requiring admission to intensive care. Data were collected from electronic patient records, laboratory and genetic results. The odds ratio was calculated to assess the likelihood of neonates with certain clinical characteristics having short‐term mortality and needing chemotherapy.ResultsTwenty‐one neonates were studied with a mortality rate of 28%. Neonates requiring inotropic support (OR 19, 95% CI: 0.9–399, p = 0.05) and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) (OR 13, 95% CI: 1.4–124.3, p = 0.03) were less likely to survive to discharge. Neonates needing mechanical ventilation (OR 14, 95% CI: 1.1–185.5, p = 0.04), or a white cell count >50 × 109/L (OR 27, 95% CI: 1.2–605.7, p = 0.04) were more likely to receive chemotherapy.ConclusionA high mortality rate was identified in TAM neonates with symptomatic pulmonary hypertension (PH) needing active treatment strategies, such as inotropes and iNO. The presence of PH should be considered in the clinical management, prognosis and parental counselling.
Evaluating tixagevimab/cilgavimab prophylaxis in allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation recipients for COVID‐19 prevention
Authors: Trepl Julia , Pasin Chloé , Schneidawind Dominik , Mueller Nicolas J. , Manz Markus G. , Bankova Andriyana K. , Abela Irene A. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAllogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) recipients exhibit an increased risk of COVID‐19, particularly in the early post‐transplant phase, due to insufficient vaccine responses. This retrospective study investigated the incidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in allo‐HCT recipients who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab pre‐exposure prophylaxis (T/C PrEP) compared to those who did not. Logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age, SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination status and immunosuppressive treatment, revealed a significant reduction in the likelihood of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection risk with T/C PrEP (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 0.26 [0.07, 0.91]). These findings suggest the potential efficacy of monoclonal antibody PrEP in protecting this vulnerable patient population from COVID‐19.
The public, the pandemic, and the public service: The case of Alberta
Authors: Wesley Jared J. , Ribeiro Savannah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPublic servants play a vital role as intermediaries between policymakers and the public, offering expert advice on public policy and implementing ministerial decisions for the common good. Given that most Canadians interact with non‐partisan, professional bureaucrats, public sentiment towards public servants becomes a crucial indicator of the health of the country's democracy. Trust levels serve as a barometer: high trust aligns with a well‐functioning system, while low trust may challenge government legitimacy and its ability to fulfill democratic mandates. This study explores confidence levels in the public service in Alberta amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, using data from the April 2022 Viewpoint Alberta survey. Our findings illuminate diverse attitudes towards public servants amidst significant social, economic, and political upheaval.
Effects of noninvasive neuromodulation targeting the spinal cord on early learning of force control by the digits
Authors: Urbin Michael A. , Lafe Charley W. , Bautista Manuel E. , Wittenberg George F. , Simpson Tyler W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsControl of finger forces underlies our capacity for skilled hand movements acquired during development and reacquired after neurological injury. Learning force control by the digits, therefore, predicates our functional independence. Noninvasive neuromodulation targeting synapses that link corticospinal neurons onto the final common pathway via spike‐timing‐dependent mechanisms can alter distal limb motor output on a transient basis, yet these effects appear subject to individual differences. Here, we investigated how this form of noninvasive neuromodulation interacts with task repetition to influence early learning of force control during precision grip.MethodsThe unique effects of neuromodulation, task repetition, and neuromodulation coinciding with task repetition were tested in three separate conditions using a within‐subject, cross‐over design (n = 23).ResultsWe found that synchronizing depolarization events within milliseconds of stabilizing precision grip accelerated learning but only after accounting for individual differences through inclusion of subjects who showed upregulated corticospinal excitability at 2 of 3 time points following conditioning stimulation (n = 19).ConclusionsOur findings provide insights into how the state of the corticospinal system can be leveraged to drive early motor skill learning, further emphasizing individual differences in the response to noninvasive neuromodulation. We interpret these findings in the context of biological mechanisms underlying the observed effects and implications for emerging therapeutic applications.
HDAC9‐mediated calmodulin deacetylation induces memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Long , Hu Shufen , Yang Pin , Long Han‐Chun , Ma Quan‐Hong , Yin Dong‐Min , Xu Guang‐Yin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. AD pathology involves protein acetylation. Previous studies have mainly focused on histone acetylation in AD, however, the roles of nonhistone acetylation in AD are less explored.MethodsThe protein acetylation and expression levels were detected by western blotting and co‐immunoprecipitation. The stoichiometry of acetylation was measured by home‐made and site‐specific antibodies against acetylated‐CaM (Ac‐CaM) at K22, K95, and K116. Hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory were evaluated by using the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests.ResultsWe showed that calmodulin (CaM) acetylation is reduced in plasma of AD patients and mice. CaM acetylation and its target Ca2+/CaM‐dependent kinase II α (CaMKIIα) activity were severely impaired in AD mouse brain. The stoichiometry showed that Ac‐K22, K95‐CaM acetylation were decreased in AD patients and mice. Moreover, we screened and identified that lysine deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) was the main deacetylase for CaM. In addition, HDAC9 inhibition increased CaM acetylation and CaMKIIα activity, and hippocampus‐dependent memory in AD mice.ConclusionsHDAC9‐mediated CaM deacetylation induces memory impairment in AD, HDAC9, or CaM acetylation may become potential therapeutic targets for AD.
TERT mediates the U‐shape of glucocorticoids effects in modulation of hippocampal neural stem cells and associated brain function
Authors: Liu Meng‐Ying , Fan Yixin , Ni Ningjie , Yu Tao , Mao Zhiyuan , Huang Hanyu , Zhang Jing , Tang Yulin , He Hongliang , Meng Fan , You Yongping , Zhou Qi‐Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. A physiological‐level GCs have a crucial function in maintaining many cognitive processes, like cognition, memory, and mood, however, both insufficient and excessive GCs impair these functions. Although this phenomenon could be explained by the U‐shape of GC effects, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of GCs may provide insight into the treatments for cognitive and mood‐related disorders.MethodsConsecutive administration of corticosterone (CORT, 10 mg/kg, i.g.) proceeded for 28 days to mimic excessive GCs condition. Adrenalectomy (ADX) surgery was performed to ablate endogenous GCs in mice. Microinjection of 1 μL of Ad‐mTERT‐GFP virus into mouse hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) and behavioral alterations in mice were observed 4 weeks later.ResultsDifferent concentrations of GCs were shown to affect the cell growth and development of neural stem cells (NSCs) in a U‐shaped manner. The physiological level of GCs (0.01 μM) promoted NSC proliferation in vitro, while the stress level of GCs (10 μM) inhibited it. The glucocorticoid synthesis blocker metyrapone (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and ADX surgery both decreased the quantity and morphological development of doublecortin (DCX)‐positive immature cells in the DG. The physiological level of GCs activated mineralocorticoid receptor and then promoted the production of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT); in contrast, the stress level of GCs activated glucocorticoid receptor and then reduced the expression of TERT. Overexpression of TERT by AD‐mTERT‐GFP reversed both chronic stresses‐ and ADX‐induced deficiency of TERT and the proliferation and development of NSCs, chronic stresses‐associated depressive symptoms, and ADX‐associated learning and memory impairment.ConclusionThe bidirectional regulation of TERT by different GCs concentrations is a key mechanism mediating the U‐shape of GC effects in modulation of hippocampal NSCs and associated brain function. Replenishment of TERT could be a common treatment strategy for GC dysfunction‐associated diseases.
Toddlers do not preferentially transmit generalizable information to others
Authors: Karadağ Didar , Bazhydai Marina , Westermann Gert 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChildren actively and selectively transmit information to others based on the type of information and the context during learning. Four‐ to 7‐year‐old children preferentially transmit generalizable information in teaching‐like contexts. Although 2‐year‐old children are able to distinguish between generalizable and non‐generalizable information, it is not known whether they likewise transmit generalizable information selectively. We designed a behavioral study to address this question. Two‐year‐old children were presented with three novel boxes, identical except for their color. In each box, one of two equally salient actions led to a generalizable outcome (e.g., playing a [different] tune in each box), whereas the other led to a non‐generalizable outcome (e.g., turning on a light, vibrating the box, or making a noise). In the discovery phase, children had a chance to discover the functions of each box presented one‐by‐one. Then, in the exploration phase, they were given the opportunity to independently explore all three boxes presented together. Finally, in the transmission phase, an ignorant recipient entered the room and asked the child to show them how these toys work. We measured whether children preferentially transmitted either generalizable or non‐generalizable information when they were asked to demonstrate the function of the toys to a naïve adult. We found that children did not display any preference for transmitting generalizable information. These findings are discussed with respect to toddlers’ selectivity in transmitting information but also the development of sensitivity to information generalizability.Research Highlight
Young children transmit information to others and do so with some degree of selectivity to a variety of factors.
Generalizability is an important factor affecting information transmission, and older children tend to associate generalizable information with teaching‐like interactions.
We tested whether toddlers selectively transmitted it to others over non‐generalizable information.
We found that toddlers do not show a preference to transmit generalizable over non‐generalizable information.
Dissection of N‐deacetylase and N‐sulfotransferase activities of NDST1 and their effects on Wnt8 distribution and signaling in Xenopus embryos
Authors: Suzuki Minako , Takada Shinji , Mii Yusuke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWnt is a family of secreted signaling proteins involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including maintenance of stem cells, carcinogenesis, and cell differentiation. In the context of early vertebrate embryogenesis, graded distribution of Wnt proteins has been thought to regulate positional information along the antero‐posterior axis. However, understanding of the molecular basis for Wnt spatial distribution remains poor. Modified states of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are essential for Wnt8 localization, because depletion of N‐deacetylase/N‐sulfotransferase 1 (NDST1), a modification enzyme of HS chains, decreases Wnt8 levels and NDST1 overexpression increases Wnt8 levels on the cell surface. Since overexpression of NDST1 increases both deacetylation and N‐sulfation of HS chains, it is not clear which function of NDST1 is actually involved in Wnt8 localization. In the present study, we generated an NDST1 mutant that specifically increases deacetylation, but not N‐sulfation, of HS chains in Xenopus embryos. Unlike wild‐type NDST1, this mutant did not increase Wnt8 accumulation on the cell surface, but it reduced canonical Wnt signaling, as determined with the TOP‐Flash reporter assay. These results suggest that N‐sulfation of HS chains is responsible for localization of Wnt8 and Wnt8 signaling, whereas deacetylation has an inhibitory effect on canonical Wnt signaling. Consistently, overexpression of wild‐type NDST1, but not the mutant, resulted in small eyes in Xenopus embryos. Thus, our NDST1 mutant enables us to dissect the regulation of Wnt8 localization and signaling by HS proteoglycans by specifically manipulating the enzymatic activities of NDST1.
Management students create art: A novel approach to introducing supply chain ethics
Authors: David Amy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article details an art assignment given to undergraduate management students in an introductory supply chain management course. Students were asked to choose a supply chain ethics issue, create a work of art that responded to the issue, then write an artist's statement that discussed the thought process and choices made in creating their artwork. The majority of students submitted art that was creative, relevant to supply chain ethics, and well executed. Survey results reveal that students were in agreement that the assignment was more enjoyable than a comparable written assignment. In addition, students’ understanding of ethical issues in supply chain management increased through both the creation of their own art and interactions with the art of their peers. This novel approach to teaching ethics in supply chain management addresses shortcomings in current approaches to business education and helps student build a strong foundation for ethical decision‐making in their future careers.
A Delphi method investigation to prioritize activity‐related determinants thought to affect mental health in adolescent populations
Authors: Parsonage‐Harrison Jackie , Eklund Mona , Dawes Helen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionEmergent mental illness during adolescence affects daily functioning, causing disruption to daily activities, routines, and patterns. Multiple inter‐related personal, social and environmental determinants influence the onset, nature and subsequent course of those difficulties. Research suggests a bi‐directional relationship exists between mental health and activity choices. Activity‐focused interventions such as occupational therapy may improve adolescent mental health related outcomes. In this study, we identify and select which activity‐related determinants should be prioritized in the development of an occupation therapy‐based intervention for adolescents with emerging mental health difficulties using expert consensus.MethodA modified two‐round Delphi survey method was conducted with occupational therapists and researchers to ascertain a consensus opinion on the prioritization of specific activity‐related determinants that influence 16‐ to 17‐year‐olds'.ResultsEighty‐nine determinants were identified and prioritized. Fourteen of these were personal activity‐related determinants including ‘types of activity’ in which young people engage, the ‘balance of activities’ in which they engage, their ‘over and under consumptions of activities’, and their ‘underdeveloped occupation‐based coping skills’. The expert panel prioritized ‘personal self‐confidence’, ‘values’, and ‘perception of confidence’ in relation to the activities adolescents do.ConclusionsThis study generated a detailed picture of the activity‐related determinants that are important in adolescence, and aligns with the adolescent model of occupational choice. Our findings have potential to inform activity‐related intervention development and policy. Further research is needed, particularly to understand young people's perspectives on these determinants and to investigate the determinants that would benefit from further empirical research.
Estrogen‐mediated coupling via gap junctions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Schlaeger Lina , Olejniczak Iwona , Lehmann Marianne , Schmidt Cosima Xenia , Astiz Mariana , Oster Henrik , Pilorz Violetta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe circadian clock orchestrates many physiological and behavioural rhythms in mammals with 24‐h periodicity, through a hierarchical organisation, with the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus. The circuits of the SCN generate circadian rhythms with precision, relying on intrinsic coupling mechanisms, for example, neurotransmitters like arginine vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling and astrocytes connected by gap junctions composed of connexins (Cx). In female rodents, the presence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the dorsal SCN suggests an influence of estrogen (E2) on the circuit timekeeping that could regulate circadian rhythm and coupling. To investigate this, we used SCN explants together with hypothalamic neurons and astrocytes. First, we showed that E2 stabilised the circadian amplitude in the SCN when rAVPs (receptor‐associated vasopressin peptides) were inhibited. However, the phase delay induced by VIPAC2 (VIP receptors) inhibition remained unaffected by E2. We then showed that E2 exerted its effects in the SCN via ERβ (estrogen receptor beta), resulting in increased expression of Cx36 and Cx43. Notably, specific inhibition of both connexins resulted in a significant reduction in circadian amplitude within the SCN. Remarkably, E2 restored the period with inhibited Cx36 but not with Cx43 inhibition. This implies that the network between astrocytes and neurons, responsible for coupling in the SCN, can be reinforced through E2. In conclusion, these findings provide new insights into how E2 regulates circadian rhythms ex vivo in an ERβ‐dependent manner, underscoring its crucial role in fortifying the SCN's rhythm.
What's behind the jpg? Understanding consumer adoption of non‐fungible tokens
Authors: Vega Elías , Camarero Carmen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNFTs, or non‐fungible tokens (NFTs), are a new form of ownership registration based on blockchain technology that allows digital assets to be exchanged with guarantees of ownership and originality of the artwork involved. This has boosted the trade of these assets and companies have been quick to incorporate NFTs into their marketing strategy, either with their own tokens or by collaborating with established companies in the metaverse. Building on the frameworks of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2), this study contributes to the literature by analysing the determinants of individuals' adoption of NFTs through two studies. Study 1 relies on qualitative interviews with technology insiders to provide initial insights into these determinants. Study 2 tests the hypotheses developed and compares the results between non‐buyers and buyers in order to analyse the intention to purchase and repurchase NFTs. This study contributes to the UTAUT2 with two new individual‐specific variables of interest for the adoption of this type of product: social capital, and the fear of missing out. Finally, this study concludes with guidelines for companies on how they can use NFTs in their marketing campaigns.
The prevalence, complications, and risk factors for infantile hemangioma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Yuming , Zhao Jinhong , Meng Yu , Luo Xiangyue , Jiang Chufeng , Deng Guangtong , Lei Shaorong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe epidemiological landscape of infantile hemangioma (IH) has been extensively explored through diverse data sources; however, a scarcity of systematically pooled and quantified evidence from comprehensive global studies persists. In this meta‐analysis, we systematically review available literature to elucidate the prevalence, distribution of lesions, complications, and risk factors associated with IH. A meticulous search encompassing the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified 3206 records, of which 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. We found that the overall prevalence of IH is 2.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5–4.4%] (31,274,396 infants), and IH was located more frequently in the head and neck with a prevalence of 47.4% (95% CI: 39.5–55.4%). The overall prevalence of complications of IH is 24.3% (95% CI: 18.6–30.5%), ulceration is 16.0% (95% CI: 10.4–21.2%), bleeding is 5.6% (95% CI: 3.3–8.5%), visual impairment is 5.6% (95% CI: 3.0–8.9%), infection is 2.8% (95% CI: 1.5–4.8%), subglottic obstruction is 1.5% (95% CI: 0.5–3.0%), respectively. Through 27 studies, we have evaluated 35 factors encompassing perinatal factors, socioeconomic factors, maternal complications, drug factors, and antepartum procedures, and identified 18 risk factors that increase the prevalence of IH. These findings can greatly assist clinicians and family members in effectively evaluating the risk of IH, and determining whether pregnant women should undergo intensified monitoring or preventive measures.