bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanoredox‐Catalyzed Organic Synthesis with Piezoelectric Materials: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Sudrajat Hanggara , Hsu Hsien‐Yi , Jérôme François , Colmenares Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPiezoelectric materials offer great promise due to their ability to generate electric fields under mechanical stress, producing surface charges that drive otherwise kinetically sluggish redox reactions. The strained surfaces of these materials provide a unique advantage in controlling product selectivity and enabling reaction pathways that are unattainable with conventional methods. This perspective highlights advancements, challenges, and the future potential of piezoelectric materials in synthetic organic chemistry, with a focus on designing materials optimized for piezocatalyzed organic synthesis. Piezocatalysis is industrially relevant because of its operational simplicity, enabling mild, gram scale synthesis with reusable catalysts, minimal solvent use, and air tolerant conditions. It involves redox cycles that facilitate one electron redox events without requiring light exposure or electrical bias. Despite significant progress, many fundamental aspects are yet to be fully understood. One example is the correlation between piezoelectricity and catalytic activity, which is not always linear, as demonstrated by the comparison between tetragonal and cubic BaTiO₃. While cubic BaTiO₃ is not piezoelectric, it shows excellent catalytic activity in certain redox reactions such as arylation, dicarbonylation, and cyclization under mechanochemical conditions comparable to that of piezoelectric tetragonal BaTiO₃. Considering all these aspects, this perspective aims to stimulate discussion to advance this promising field in the right direction.
Advanced computational strategy for damage identification of offshore jacket platforms
Authors: Jafari‐Asl Jafar , Dong You , Li Yaohan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, an efficient surrogate‐assisted grey wolf optimizer (GWO) is presented by combining Kriging‐based active learning to identify damages in jacketed platforms based on modal analysis. The use of active learning in parallel with GWO significantly reduced the number of calls to the objective function and increased the accuracy of the algorithm's search in the problem space. The proposed approach was first evaluated on four benchmark problems, and its performance was validated against original GWO, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques. Then, by generating artificial damage scenarios on a real jacket platform in ABAQUS software, it was evaluated for the identification of damaged members. The results indicated high accuracy in estimation and an appropriate convergence rate in solving the high‐dimensional and complicated problem of damage detection of jacketed platforms. In such a way that the error rate of damage severity estimation in scenarios 1 and 2 was, on average, 3% and 5%, respectively. Meanwhile, the damage position was correctly estimated, and the call rate of the function was reduced by 50%. The efficiency of the proposed approach shows that it can be used for further works on the reliability‐based design of jacket structures.
High fidelity numerical simulation of ethylene epoxidation packed bed
Authors: Yuan Bing , Hu Chuanxia , Liu Pin , Guo Jinjun , Long Xiaodong , Jiang Congbin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPacked bed reactors with a low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio are mainly used in strong exothermic/endothermic reaction systems. However, the traditional plug flow packed bed reactor model is unsuitable for reactors with low N value (i.e., tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio) due to channelling near the wall and reflux in the bed. In this work, a high fidelity numerical model of packed bed reactor with different macro morphologies of particles was established by coupling the heterogeneous packed bed model, particle internal diffusion model, component migration equation, and reaction kinetics. Taking the packed bed reactor for ethylene epoxidation as an example, the industrial simulation of catalyst particles with different macro morphology was carried out by using this method. The total porosity and porosity distribution of the bed in this model are in good agreement with empirical formulas, with the errors in bed pressure drop and ethylene conversion rate being less than 15%. By using this model to simulate the flow field, temperature field, and internal diffusion of particles in a packed bed reactor with high fidelity, the concentration distribution of each component can be predicted. By comparing the pressure drop, temperature rise, and ethylene conversion rate of packed bed reactors filled with catalyst particles of different macroscopic shapes, it was found that HC2 particle‐packed beds have a lower pressure drop and a higher ethylene conversion rate.
Which Machine Learning Algorithm Is Best Suited for Estimating Reference Evapotranspiration in Humid Subtropical Climate?
Authors: Deb Proloy , Kumar Virender , Urfels Anton , Lautze Jonathan , Kamboj Baldev Raj , Sharma Jeet Ram , Yadav Sudhir 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTimely and reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are imperative for robust water resources planning and management. Applying machine learning (ML) algorithms for estimating ET0 has been evolving, and their applicability in different sectors is still a compelling field of research. In this study, four Gaussian process regression (GPR) algorithms—polynomial kernel (PK), polynomial universal function kernel (PUK), normalized poly kernel (NPK), and radial basis function (RBF)—were compared against widely used random forest (RF) and a simpler locally weighted linear regression (LWLR) algorithm at a humid subtropical region in India. The sensitivity analysis of the input variables was followed by application of the best combination of variables in algorithm testing and training for generating ET0. The results were then compared against the Penman–Monteith method at both daily and monthly time steps. The results indicated that ET0 is least sensitive to wind speed at 2 m height. Additionally, at a daily time step, RF, followed by PUK, generated the best results during both training and testing phases. In contrast, at a monthly time step, using multiple model evaluation matrices, PUK followed by RF performed best. These results demonstrate the application of the ML algorithms is subjected to user‐required time steps. Although this study focused on Northwest India, the findings are relevant to all humid subtropical regions across the world.
Developing a Citizen Science Approach to Monitor Stranded Marine Plastics on a Remote Small Island in Indonesia
Authors: Praptiwi Radisti A. , Maharja Carya , Cholifatullah Fauzan , Subroto Dwi C. J. , Sainal Sainal , Miller Peter I. , Cheung Victoria V. , Setia Tatang Mitra , Nasruddin  , Datu  , Sugardjito Jito , Austen Melanie C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMarine plastics stranded on the coastlines of remote small islands threaten both the ecological integrity of local ecosystems and communities’ well‐being. However, despite the growing quantities of stranded plastics in these locations, the remote nature of these sites renders monitoring and intervention efforts difficult to undertake. Within this context, we developed a citizen science approach to monitor stranded marine plastics in collaboration with villagers living on a remote small island in Indonesia. This study reports the co‐development and application of an approach that can be used and maintained independently by remote coastal communities. In the monitoring stage, the participants quantified both the weight and composition of stranded marine debris on a beach located in their village for a 4‐week period from late May to mid‐June 2021. The results revealed that the weekly accumulation of stranded marine debris on the beach was 3.97 kg/m2, with 58% categorized as plastics. The stranded plastics sampled in this study were sorted and collected for recycling, estimated to provide a total economic value of 91,700 Indonesian Rupiahs (USD 5.84), or equivalent to 12.77% of the average monthly household income in the area. The citizen science activities indicated that the local villagers were capable of operating the designed monitoring system effectively, with the added benefits of supplementary earnings from recycling. An independently operated monitoring approach combined with collection efforts for recyclable items is important as remote islands have to manage increasing quantities of stranded marine debris despite the lack of an adequate local waste management system.
Metamer Mismatching Predicts Color Difference Ellipsoids
Authors: Roshan Emitis , Funt Brian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIt is well known that color‐discrimination thresholds vary throughout color space, as is easily observed from the familiar MacAdam ellipses plotted in chromaticity space. But why is this the case? Existing formulations of uniform color spaces (e.g., CIELAB, CIECAM02, CAM16‐UCS) and their associated color‐difference DE metrics are all models, not theories, based on fits to psychophysical data. While they are of great practical value, they provide no theoretical understanding as to why color discrimination varies as it does. In contrast, the hypothesis advanced and tested here is that the degree of color variability created by metamer mismatching is the primary (although not exclusive) factor underlying the variation in color‐discrimination thresholds throughout color space. Not only is it interesting to understand the likely cause of the variation, but knowing the cause may foster the development of more accurate color difference metrics.
Utilising single‐cell sequencing in clinical nutraceutical research: Recent progress and perspectives
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiang , Chan Yin S. , Sadava David , Chen Shiuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐cell sequencing technologies have revolutionised pharmaceutical research by providing in‐depth insights into human biology at the single‐cell level. These tools enable researchers to identify rare cell types and analyse cellular diversity within tissues, facilitating the discovery of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. However, their application in nutraceutical research is still in its early stages.Main BodyUnlike pharmaceuticals, which have well‐defined chemical structures and mechanisms, nutraceuticals are food‐based materials intended for specific medical purposes and often contain complex and diverse food chemicals. These molecules can work synergistically, producing multi‐targeted effects in various tissues. Traditional bulk profiling methods for tissues and tumours do not adequately capture cellular heterogeneity or specific cellular responses to treatments. Therefore, advanced single‐cell sequencing is crucial for dissecting tissues into distinct cell types, helping to clarify the underlying mechanisms at the cellular level. Many derivatives of functional foods have been marketed or assessed, demonstrating health benefits. However, mechanistic insights are lacking, with most current data derived from observational studies or traditional in vitro and in vivo models. Human clinical trials are needed to validate these nutraceutical effects and determine effective and safe dosages. Edible mushrooms have gained attention as nutraceuticals due to their medicinal properties. They have been observed to enhance immunity, reduce inflammation, and combat cancer. These effects have been attributed to their unique bioactive components and historical uses in traditional medicine. Epidemiological studies show that higher consumption of edible mushrooms is linked to a reduced risk of certain cancers.ConclusionIn this review, we share important lessons learned in the design and execution of clinical trials focusing on white button mushrooms as anti‐cancer nutraceuticals. We demonstrate the use of single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) in nutraceutical research to capture the nuanced biological responses and health effects of dietary foods and their constituents.
Dual snare endoscopic extraction of a gastric foreign body using a dual‐channel endoscope
Authors: Singh Amitjeet , Young Edward , Singh Rajvinder 
Published: January 2025

AbstractForeign body ingestion, though rare, poses significant health risks, with 10%–20% of cases requiring endoscopic intervention. This article presents a novel case of a 16‐year‐old female who ingested a cigarette lighter, leading to abdominal pain and radiographic confirmation of a gastric foreign body. Initial attempts at retrieval using grasping forceps and snares were unsuccessful due to the object's size and shape, risking potential complications. We employed a dual‐channel endoscope utilizing a push‐pull technique with two snares, one capturing the blunt end and the other the sharp edge of the lighter. This method facilitated safe extraction through the gastroesophageal junction without causing trauma. This case highlights the efficacy of dual snares in the endoscopic retrieval of challenging foreign bodies and emphasizes the importance of appropriate techniques in preventing complications during such procedures.
Emergency medicine transformation to improve hospital admissions and patient outcomes: Emergency ambulatory care model in Hong Kong
Authors: Man Shin Yan , Yeung Kwong Hang , Cheng Chi Hung , Cheung Nai Kwong , Cheung Ralph Koon Ho , Chuk Lee Kwan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionThe Prince of Wales Hospital's Emergency Ambulatory Care (EAC) service, initiated in August 2021, exemplifies an innovative approach to the emergency department (ED) to address the increasing demands on healthcare systems. This study evaluates the impact of EAC service on hospital admissions, focusing on patients with ambulatory care‐sensitive conditions over the initial 5 months.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the EAC service from 1 August 2021 to 31 December 2021. The service integrated the ED's workflow and operated 171 eight‐hour sessions. Descriptive statistics and the Spearman correlation test were used in the analysis.ResultsA total of 408 patients were recruited and the service achieved a high discharge rate of 89.5%, contributing to a 7.5% reduction in hospital admissions for medical conditions. These results were supported by a significant negative correlation (r = −1.000, p < 0.001) between the number of EAC sessions provided and the average daily percentage of patients admitted to the medical wards, underscoring the service's capacity to alleviate hospital admission rates. Furthermore, it achieved a low rate of 30‐day all‐cause mortality of 1.0%, without any intensive care unit admission, and an unscheduled ED re‐attendance rate of 4.7%.ConclusionsThe EAC service's successful implementation and outcomes demonstrate its potential to transform emergency care delivery, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional inpatient hospitalization for acute medical conditions. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion on optimizing healthcare delivery, emphasizing the need for innovative models like the EAC to improve system efficiency and patient outcomes in the face of growing healthcare challenges.
A Multi‐Center Prospective Study on the Healing of Neuro‐Ischemic Ulcers in Singapore: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Meng Lingyan , Bishnoi Priya , Lo Zhiwen Joseph , Yong Enming , Chong Tze Tec , Carmody David , Dharmaraj Rajesh Babu , Ng Yi Zhen , Harding Keith , Ho Pei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsNeuro‐ischemic ulcers (NIU) present a substantial clinical and economic burden on the healthcare systems. This study aims to evaluate their healing rate, associated healthcare resource utilization, and prognostic factors influencing healing.MethodsConsecutive patients attended specialist clinics or admitted to wards in three tertiary hospitals for new or existing NIUs from November 2019 to November 2021 were eligible for this study. Each participant was followed up three times (1‐month, 3‐month and 6‐month after enrollment), with ulcer healing as the primary outcome of interest. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of NIU healing.ResultsIn total, 439 patients were recruited. Six months after they seek care in the tertiary healthcare setting, 36.0% of the participants had their ulcer fully healed. Male gender (adjusted HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53–0.93), history of coronary intervention (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41–0.93), requirement of lower extremity revascularization (adjusted HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54–0.98) and offloading (adjusted HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46–0.81) were found to be associated with failure to heal. Ulcers located over the toes (adjusted HR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.17–2.32) was associated with better healing. Dependent activity of daily living (adjusted HR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55–1.01) was also potentially a risk factor for slow healing with borderline significance.Nonhealed group of patients incurred higher requirement of revascularization (42.3% vs. 25.3%, p < 0.001), negative pressure wound therapy (40.6% vs. 29.7%, p = 0.03), off‐loading (57.3% vs. 46.8%, p = 0.04) and antibiotic treatment (45.2% vs. 26.6%, p < 0.001), compared to those in the healed group.ConclusionNIU imposes a significant burden on both patients and the healthcare system in Singapore, with low healing rates even after 6 months of tertiary‐level care. Early identification and risk stratification of high‐risk patients may help improve outcomes.
The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Glycemic, Weight, and Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sayadi Mehrab , Nowbandegani Sara Javadpour , Inalou Fatemeh Balaghi , Nazemzadegan Bahman , Javidi Alsaadi Shirzad , Eskandari Mohammadreza , Sepehrinia Matin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgrounds and AimsType 2 diabetes and its complications are assumed to be major public health problems globally. Zinc is one of the elements that play a part in insulin secretion and signaling. Therefore, this study seeks the answer to the following question: “What are the effects of 220 mg zinc sulfate supplementation on the weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control of patients with Type 2 diabetes?”.MethodsIn this randomized controlled double‐blind trial, 79 patients with Type 2 diabetes were allocated into two groups through permuted block randomization method. The study group received two capsules of 220 mg of zinc sulfate containing 50 mg of zinc, and the control group received two capsules of 220 mg of placebo ingredient per week for 12 weeks. At the start and end of the treatment period, the fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), zinc level, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure were measured.ResultsAfter 12 weeks of follow‐up, 72 patients completed the study. There were no significant differences before and after the intervention in the FBG, HbA1c, zinc levels, and WC between the two groups. Intragroup analysis showed that weight and body mass index increased in the intervention group; however, these changes were not significant in comparison to the control group. Also, diastolic blood pressure significantly increased in the control group; however, changes in systolic blood pressure were not significant in both groups.ConclusionTaking 220 mg of zinc sulfate supplement twice a week did not show significant benefit for weight, blood pressure, and glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes.Trial RegistrationThis trial was registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) website with code number 29627 on September 18, 2018.
Investigation of the Feasibility and Safety of a Highly Intensive Penetration Technique for Recanalization in Severe Calcified Femoropopliteal Occlusive Lesions: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mori Shinsuke , Hirano Keisuke , Setonaga Yusuke , Kishida Toshihiko , Fukagawa Tomoya , Yamaguchi Kohei , Mizusawa Masafumi , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Kobayashi Norihiro , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsWhen dealing with severely calcified lesions in endovascular therapy (EVT) for lower extremity artery disease (LEAD), navigating through severely calcified chronic total occlusion (CTO) using hard‐tip guidewires can be challenging. To address this issue, we employed a novel highly intensive penetration (HIP) technique. This technique involves modifying the tail of a 0.035‐inch guidewire to enhance its penetration capability, thus enabling effective navigation through the calcified lesion and facilitating the EVT procedure. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of the HIP technique.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective study enrolled 27 consecutive patients (29 limbs) who underwent the HIP technique for the recanalization of calcified femoropopliteal CTO lesions that were resistant to penetration by high‐tip load (≧ 40 g) guidewires between January 2015 and April 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP 13 software.ResultsThe mean patient age was 75.9 ± 10.1 years. The proportion of men, patients with hypertension, patients with diabetes mellitus, and patients on hemodialysis was 78%, 59%, 41%, and 44%, respectively. The crossover approach was selected for 55% of the patients. The reference vessel diameter was 5.3 ± 0.6 mm, and the lesion length was 19.7 ± 12.0 cm. The target lesions were predominantly located in the superficial femoral artery (76%). In‐stent occlusion was treated in 14% of patients. The HIP technique was successfully performed in 79% of patients, and the complication rate of vascular perforation was 7%.ConclusionThe HIP technique demonstrates remarkable effectiveness in navigating through highly calcified lesions, offering a reliable method for successful recanalization in challenging cases.
Study of Heat and Mass Transfer of Transient Free Convection Through Vertical Annuli in Presence of Heat Source, Chemical Reaction, and Newtonian Heating
Authors: Jakhar Atul , Kumar Anand , Sukariya Vijay Kumar , Anurag  
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNewtonian heating with a heat source has applications in a variety of areas, including heat exchangers, electronic devices, nuclear reactors, gas cooling systems, ventilated rooms, and industrial processes. In the present numerical investigation, we examine the effect of Newtonian heating with an internal heat source and temperature‐dependent chemical reaction on transient free convective laminar flow within a vertical annulus. The Method of Lines is employed to solve the governing partial differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions. The numerical findings were extensively analyzed through plots and tables to demonstrate the impact of various fluid features on the concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles. It is observed that these profiles increase over time until they stabilize at a steady state. Additionally, the Schmidt and Damköhler numbers are found to reduce the concentration and velocity profiles, whereas the Richardson, Biot, and mass Grashof numbers have the opposite effect. A major investigation revealed that the Newtonian heating with heat source increases the external mass transport and gives a better control parameter.