bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scenario optimization for the tokamak ramp-down phase in RAPTOR: Part B. safe termination of DEMO plasmas
Authors: Van Mulders S , Sauter O , Contré C , Fable E , Felici F , Manas P , Mattei M , Palermo F , Siccinio M , Teplukhina A A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An optimized plasma current ramp-down strategy is critical for safe and fast termination of plasma discharges in a tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO), both in planned and emergency scenarios, avoiding plasma disruptions and excessive heat loads to the first wall. Plasma stability limits and machine-specific technical requirements constrain the stable envelope through which the plasma must be navigated. Large amounts of auxiliary heating are required throughout the ramp-down phase, to avoid a radiative collapse in the presence of intrinsic tungsten and seeded xenon impurities, as quantitatively estimated in this work. As the plasma current is reduced, the current density becomes increasingly peaked, reflected by a growing value of the internal inductance

ℓ

i
3

, resulting in reduced controllability of the vertical position of the plasma. The feasibility of different plasma current ramp-down rates is tested by applying an automated optimization framework embedding the RAPTOR core transport solver. Optimal time traces for plasma current

I
p

(
t
)

and plasma elongation

κ
(
t
)

are proposed, to satisfy an Ip
-dependent upper limit on the plasma internal inductance, as obtained from vertical stability studies using the CREATE-NL code, as well as a constraint on the time evolution of q
95, to avoid an ideal MHD mode. A negative current density near the plasma edge is observed in our simulations, even for the most conservative Ip
ramp-down rate, indicating significant transient dynamics due to a large resistive time.
Ultra-Short-Term Load Forecast of Charging Stations Considering the Travelling and Charging Behaviours of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yi Xingyu , Ren Jie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The traditional electric vehicle (EV) load forecasting methods are mostly used to predict large areas such as cities, which makes it difficult to serve practical applications. The existing charging station load forecasting methods ignore the traveling and charging behaviors of EVs. To this end, a charging station ultra-short-term load prediction method considering the traveling and charging behaviors of EVs is proposed. Firstly, EV types are classified according to charging behaviors. On this basis, a rolling forecast model of the number of arrivals per unit time of each vehicle type is established, and then the impact of charging randomness on load forecast is reduced by repeated Monte Carlo sampling. The total load of charging stations during the prediction period can be obtained by adding up the load of individual vehicles. The results show that the method enables accurate prediction of ultra-short-term load at charging stations, which has higher accuracy and reference value than the traditional load forecasting methods.
Multi-objective Collaborative Optimization Method for Intelligent Distribution Network Operation and Maintenance
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Zhang Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Most of the conventional multi-objective coordination methods for active distribution network operation are designed based on the principle of weighted random algorithm, which has limited application scope and cannot simplify the algorithm and reduce the complexity of the solution process, resulting in poor stability of active distribution network lines and potential faults. Based on this, this algorithm is introduced to carry out multi-objective collaborative optimization for intelligent distribution network operation. Firstly, the node types for the intelligent distribution network are defined and the power flow of the distribution network is analyzed. Secondly, a multi-objective configuration model for the lower level of the operation is constructed to maximize the distribution network investment and operation benefit index. A multi-objective collaborative optimization algorithm based on an enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm is designed to reduce the operation cost of the distribution network and enhance the security and stability of the distribution network system during operation. The simulation test results show that after the application of the new method, the intelligent distribution network voltage stability index Vm
is always less than 1, and the line stability has been significantly improved.
Research on Corrosion Characteristics of Towers and Grounding Grids in Power Systems
Authors: Mao Xiaopo , Cui Qiuju , Ye Jianfeng , Li Xin , Gao Liang , Yang Haibo , Yan Weiming , Tian Ze , Xiong Yu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Due to the increasingly severe corrosion of transmission line towers and grounding grids by the environment in which they are located, we analyse the corrosion characteristics of transmission line towers and grounding grids and provide a theoretical basis for the stable operation of the power grid. This article studies the corrosion components composed of various factors, including water content, temperature, potential difference, area ratio of the cathode to anode, and accelerated corrosion time, through experimental simulation of heavy industrial pollution environment. The research results indicate that water content, potential difference between positive and negative electrodes, area ratio of positive and negative electrodes, and test temperature significantly impact the accelerated corrosion rate test results.
Dispatching Method of Distributed Energy Storage Resources in Substation Based on Peak-shaving Compensation Response Model
Authors: Zhang Ruichao , Zhou Lin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The conventional distributed energy storage resource scheduling method is mainly based on automatic load demand response scheduling, and the load response gap between peak hours and low hours is large, which affects the economic benefits of energy storage resource scheduling. Therefore, a distributed energy storage resource scheduling method based on a peak shaving compensation response model is designed. The cluster scheduling characteristics of distributed energy storage resources are extracted, and the distributed energy storage resources are charged and discharged synchronously at the same scheduling node. Combined with the resource scheduling strategy of the substation, the scheduling load of energy storage resources is limited so that the scheduling impact on the substation power grid is reduced. Based on the peak-shaving compensation response model, the dispatching objective function of distributed energy storage resources in the substation is optimized, the dispatching of distributed energy storage resources in the substation is optimized from the perspective of safe and economic operation, and the stochastic error of distributed energy storage resource scheduling is avoided in the form of a compensation response constraint to meet the resource scheduling requirements. Comparative experiments show that this method is more economical and can be applied to real life.
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Method for Unit Commitment with Renewable Energy Generators
Authors: Rao Fuping , Zheng Li 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To cope with the challenges of complex modeling, difficult solutions, and low efficiency brought by a significant amount of renewable energy units to the power system dispatch (PSD), a deep reinforcement learning method for unit commitment with renewable energy generators is proposed. Firstly, a PPO-based reinforcement learning method is utilized to promptly and effectively resolve the unit commitment. A mathematical optimization technique is employed to solve the security-constrained economic dispatch, considering the “N-1” security check. By integrating these two methods, the decision-making efficiency is enhanced while ensuring the security of the result. The proposed method’s efficiency is affirmed by case simulation.
Energy Storage Operation Analysis of High-proportion Wind Power System Based on Optimization Model
Authors: He Fangyu , Li Xiang , Mu Jingru 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Energy storage is a valid way to ensure the actual-time power equilibrium of renewable energy systems. However, owing to the comparatively high cost of accumulation energy, the use of energy storage to equilibrium the system power will add to the system run cost, and the economy and dependability of the power system will be influenced. Therefore, in this paper, a wind-thermal-storage joint optimization model considering load-side demand response and carbon capture integrated cost is established for different wind power installed capacities, and the PSO algorithm and CPLEX solver are selected to solve the model. The power balance change and energy storage configuration of the system are compared and analyzed under the condition that the lowest cost of power generation operation is the goal function, which provides some guidance for energy storage collocation of the wind energy system and reliable power supply of the system. The results of the instance show that the improvement model introduced in this paper can validly solve the power balance issue of the high ratio wind power system with energy storage, and ensure the safe and reliable functioning of the power system while reducing the power generation cost of the system.
C/O Ratio Studies in the atmosphere of hot Jupiters
Authors: Liu Zhiling 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Exoplanet atmospheres are a window into the chemical composition, internal motion and evolution of extrasolar planets. In the past two decades, more than 5,700 exoplanets have been discovered. The theoretical research and observation of exoplanet atmospheres have developed rapidly. Among the varieties of exoplanets, hot Jupiters are excellent objects for transit observation due to their characteristics of large radius, high temperature and close-in orbit, which provide many valuable research samples for spectroscopy. A large number of observations and studies have been carried out around it. With the rapid development of exoplanet atmospheres studies, this paper aims to provide a brief introduction on the detection methods of planetary atmospheres and the relevant research progress of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) of hot Jupiters, which is an important property that reveals the atmospheric processes and planetary evolution, so as to show the prospect of the future study of exoplanet atmospheres.
Improved training framework in a neural network model for disruption prediction and its application on EXL-50
Authors: CAI 蔡 Jianqing 剑青 , LIANG 梁 Yunfeng 云峰 , KNIEPS Alexander , QI 齐 Dongkai 东凯 , WANG 王 Erhui 二辉 , XIANG 向 Haoming 皓明 , LIAO 廖 Liang 亮 , HUANG 黄 Jie 杰 , YANG 阳 Jie 杰 , HUANG 黄 Jia 佳 , LIU 刘 Jianwen 建文 , DREWS Philipp , XU 徐 Shuai 帅 , GU 顾 Xiang 翔 , GAO 高 Yichen 轶琛 , LUO 罗 Yu 宇 , LI 李 Zhi 直 , Team the EXL-50 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A neural network model with a classical annotation method has been used on the EXL-50 tokamak to predict impending disruption. However, the results revealed issues of overfitting and overconfidence in predictions caused by inaccurate labeling. To mitigate these issues, an improved training framework has been proposed. In this approach, soft labels from previous training serve as teachers to supervise the further learning process; this has lead to a significant improvement in predictive model performance. Notably, this enhancement is primarily attributed to the coupling effect of the soft labels and correction mechanism. This improved training framework introduces an instance-specific label smoothing method, which reflects a more nuanced model assessment on the likelihood of a disruption. It presents a possible solution to effectively address the challenges associated with accurate labeling across different machines.
Climate change perception and its association with cancer screening intent
Authors: Qian Zhiyu , Beatrici Edoardo , Trinh Quoc-Dien , Kibel Adam S , Loeb Stacy , Iyer Hari S , Cole Alexander P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
As the climate crisis deepens, its adverse effects on human health are becoming evident, including impacts on cancer pathogenesis and treatment. This study explored the link between individuals’ awareness of the health impacts of climate change and interest in cancer screening. Using the 2021 Health Information National Trends Survey, our study demonstrated a statistically significant association between recognition of climate change as a personal health threat and interest in cancer screening. Although the study’s retrospective nature and self-reported data pose some limitations, these findings signal a promising avenue for future research on the intersection of climate and cancer risk. This research supports the development of public health interventions that incorporate components of environmental health literacy alongside cancer screening efforts.
Finding one’s way: a response to the idea of an education after progress
Authors: Langmann Elisabet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInspired by the work of Hannah Arendt, this response article focusses on the tension between hope in the future and lost hope in the present inherent in the modern idea of progress. The backdrop of the Suite ‘Education after Progress’ is some of the interrelated challenges that we are facing today, such as climate change, new pandemics, mass migration, and the rise of populism. Drawing on different philosophical concepts and strands, the five articles in the Suite explore what it would mean to learn and educate beyond the imagery of progress. Thinking beyond, however, is never an easy task and the question becomes how to orient oneself in this new philosophical landscape without losing track of what is educationally important and meaningful. After responding to each article, focussing on five possible connections between them (change, orientation, time, situatedness, and immanence), the response article concludes with the more general question of what place, if any, concepts as the past, conservation, and preservation have in an education ‘after’ progress.
Incorporating testing volume into estimation of effective reproduction number dynamics
Authors: Goldstein Isaac H , Wakefield Jon , Minin Volodymyr M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Branching process inspired models are widely used to estimate the effective reproduction number—a useful summary statistic describing an infectious disease outbreak—using counts of new cases. Case data is a real-time indicator of changes in the reproduction number, but is challenging to work with because cases fluctuate due to factors unrelated to the number of new infections. We develop a new model that incorporates the number of diagnostic tests as a surveillance model covariate. Using simulated data and data from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in California, we demonstrate that incorporating tests leads to improved performance over the state of the art.
Long-term outcomes after plaque excision grafting for Peyronie’s disease and subanalysis of patients who undergo the procedure despite preoperative counseling against it
Authors: Langbo William A , Wang Vinson , Bajic Petar , Levine Laurence 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Plaque excision and grafting (PEG) has been recommended for patients with Peyronie’s disease (PD) with &gt;60° curvature and/or hinge effect and strong preoperative erections, while placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is recommended when rigidity is suboptimal. Nevertheless, many patients counseled to undergo an IPP decline and insist on proceeding with PEG due to personal preference or desire to avoid an implant.

Aim
We aim to review long-term outcomes in patients who underwent PEG for PD at our institution and investigate whether there is any difference in long-term outcomes in patients who undergo PEG despite a recommendation to undergo IPP.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review from 2007 to 2021 on PEG surgery performed at a single tertiary care institution in patients ≥18 years old who had &gt;3 months of follow-up.

Outcomes
Postoperative information was gathered from the electronic medical record, including postoperative erectile function, patient satisfaction, and the ability to engage in penetrative sexual intercourse.

Results
An overall 251 patients underwent PEG with a median follow-up of 12 months (IQR, 6-54). Among these, 54 (22%) were initially advised to undergo IPP but elected for PEG. Patients who underwent PEG despite counseling to undergo IPP reported lower postoperative ability to engage in intercourse (51% vs 76%). Seven (13%) patients initially advised to undergo IPP eventually received an IPP, relative to 7 (4%) initially advised to undergo PEG.

Clinical Implications
Thorough preoperative assessment of erectile function and penile deformity can guide clinician counseling and manage patient expectations during decision making between PEG surgery and IPP implantation for PD.

Strengths and Limitations
Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, high attrition to follow-up, and risk of recall and selection bias. This is a large study with a median follow-up of 12 months, with a high-volume single surgeon who treats patients in a specialized population of complex cases.

Conclusion
Patients who were initially counseled to undergo IPP due to suboptimal erectile rigidity but elected for PEG had worse postoperative ability to engage in penetrative intercourse, and a higher proportion of these patients eventually received an IPP.
TMS Pulse Waveform and Direction
Authors: Sommer Martin , Hannah Ricci , Peterchev Angel V. , Paulus Walter 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The pulse waveform and current direction contribute to the specific effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). For single pulse TMS these factors have been shown to influence, for example, motor threshold and recruitment curve, motor-evoked potential latency and silent period duration detected by motor cortex stimulation, and phosphene threshold tested by occipital stimulation. The mechanisms of most of these effects are understood from biophysical models and derive largely from the depolarization characteristics of cortical axon membranes. In contrast, in paired-pulse and repetitive TMS (rTMS) protocols, the complexity of the effects increases dramatically since they are mediated not only by the direct recruitment of various neuronal populations but also by recurrent network interactions and synaptic plasticity. Indeed, experimental studies have shown that the inhibition and facilitation induced by rTMS—a basis of therapeutic applications—are sensitive to the characteristics of the individual pulses as well as the pulse trains. A major challenge and opportunity is to expand and leverage the understanding of pulse waveform and direction effects to implement more potent and reliable rTMS interventions.
‘We Never Talked About It at Home’: Diethylstilbestrol, Impacted Families and the (De)construction of Ignorance from Below (Belgium, 1970s–Present)
Authors: Van Kerckhove Antje , Claes Tinne 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Drawing on oral history, this article analyses how Belgian families affected by diethylstilbestrol (DES) both constructed and deconstructed ignorance of the transgenerational side effects of this hormone from the 1970s onwards. It is the first historical study on the (lack of) knowledge production about DES in Belgium, where until today research has been left to investigative journalists who have pointed to the possibility of a cover-up. This article takes a different approach, producing a multifaceted long-term analysis that also looks at other factors that might have led to ignorance, wilful or otherwise. The emphasis here is on how impacted families themselves maintained or broke silences about DES across generations and over time. By focussing on women’s experiences, this article contributes a bottom-up perspective to existing studies of ignorance production relating to the side effects of hormones, which tend to focus on governments, medical communities and pharmaceutical industries.
Factors influencing the continuation of home blood pressure measurement in community-dwelling older adults: the NOSE study
Authors: Wada Arisa , Kabayama Mai , Godai Kayo , Kido Michiko , Ohata Yuka , Murakami Naoko , Nakamura Yuko , Yoshida Hiroko , Hashimoto Sumiyo , Higashi Makiko , Hatanaka Hiromi , Kikuchi Takeshi , Terauchi Keiji , Nagayoshi Sho , Matsuno Fumie , Shinomiya Noboru , Asayama Kei , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Tabara Yasuharu , Kamide Kei 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) continuation in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods:
A longitudinal analysis used the NOSE study intervention group datasets. The participants were encouraged HBPM with self-monitoring devices provided to them twice in the morning and twice in the evening. Every 7-day interval from the HBPM start date was defined as 1 week, and the number of HBPMs per week was counted. The first week in which the number of HBPMs was zero was defined as the week in which HBPM was discontinued. Participants who did not experienced discontinuation until the end of the observation period were considered complete survivors in the survival time analysis.

Results:
Data from 437 participants were included in the analysis. Of these, 120 (27.5%) discontinued HBPM. In univariate analysis, factors significantly associated with HBPM discontinuation included exercise habits [hazard ratio per one unit 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.69], social participation (hazard ratio 0.65; 95% CI 0.42–0.99), MoCA-J score (hazard ratio 0.94; 95% CI 0.90–0.98), and frailty (hazard ratio 5.20; 95% CI 2.87–9.43). In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with HBPM discontinuation included sex (hazard ratio 0.55; 95% CI 0.32–0.95; ref. = female individuals), smoking history (hazard ratio 1.69; 95% CI 1.02–2.80), exercise habits (hazard ratio 0.51; 95% CI 0.30–0.85), MoCA-J score (hazard ratio 0.93; 95% CI 0.88–0.98), and frailty (hazard ratio 3.31; 95% CI 1.50–7.29).

Conclusion:
Among community-dwelling older adults, female sex, smoking history, lack of exercise, cognitive decline, and frailty were identified as factors influencing HBPM discontinuation.