bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p75/AIRM1 and CD33, two sialoadhesin receptors that regulate the proliferation or the survival of normal and leukemic myeloid cells
Authors: Mingari Maria Cristina , Vitale Chiara , Romagnani Chiara , Falco Michela , Moretta Lorenzo 
Published: March 2003

Summary: Inhibitory receptors originally identified in natural killer (NK) cells have also been detected in other leukocyte types, thus suggesting that they may play a more general role in the control of leukocyte function. Here we report data on p75/adhesion receptor molecule 1 (AIRM1), a surface inhibitory receptor of the sialoadhesin family originally identified in NK cells that is also expressed by normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Given the homology between p75/AIRM1 and CD33, we also reanalyzed CD33, a major myeloid marker of still unknown function. We discuss recent data indicating that engagement of p75/AIRM1 or CD33 sharply inhibits the in vitro proliferation/differentiation of CD34+ myeloid precursors induced by stem cell factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor. Importantly, a similar in vitro inhibitory effect occurs in monocyte/macrophages as well as in chronic or acute myeloid leukemias. While CD33 appears to act via the induction of apoptosis, p75/AIRM1 blocks cell proliferation but does not appear to induce apoptosis. A synergistic effect in the induction of apoptosis has also been documented between antibodies specific for CD33 and the chemotherapic agent etoposide. Taken together, the use of appropriate ligands against CD33 or p75/AIRM1 may represent a new therapeutic tool for treatment of myeloid leukemias or diseases characterized by overwhelming macrophage activation.This work was supported by grants awarded by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (A.I.R.C.), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (I.S.S.), Ministero della Sanità, and Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (M.U.R.S.T.), MURST 5%–CNR Biotechnology program 95/95 and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Progetto Finalizzato Biotecnologie.
Naturally occurring fatal herpes simplex virus 1 infection in a family of white‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia pithecia)
Authors: Schrenzel M.D. , Osborn K.G. , Shima A. , Klieforth R.B. , Maalouf G.A. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: A family of three white‐faced saki monkeys (Pithecia pithecia pithecia) died 48–96 hours after the onset of anorexia, nasal discharge, pyrexia and oral ulceration. One animal also had clonic seizures. Lesions found post‐mortem consisted of oral and esophageal ulcers, hepatic and intestinal necrosis, meningoencephalitis and sporadic neuronal necrosis. Intranuclear inclusion bodies and syncytial cells were present in oral lesions and affected areas of liver. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV‐1) was identified as the etiology of disease by virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction, or in situ hybridization in all three animals. Immunohistochemistry for detection of apoptotic DNA and activated caspase‐3 showed significant levels of apoptosis in oral and liver lesions and occasional apoptotic neurons in the brain. These findings demonstrate the vulnerability of white‐faced saki monkeys to HSV‐1 and provide initial insight into the pathogenesis of fatal HSV‐1‐induced disease, indicating that apoptosis plays a significant role in cell death.
The status of twin‐roll casting technology
Authors: Wechsler Richard 
Published: March 2003

Within the coming days the world's first commercial, direct twin‐roll caster for carbon steel strip less than 2.0 mm, without further hot or cold rolling, will be started by Nucor in the United States. Although the process has been previously proven on a technical basis during full‐scale development in Australia, the Nucor caster is unique in that it will have to demonstrate both its technical and economic advantages in a rigorous commercial environment. The advent of any new technology naturally raises the question of whether there is a need for that technology, and where the new technology will fit into the spectrum of existing processes. Experience to date indicates that twin‐roll casters will quickly fill a latent demand for ultra‐thin cast strip (UCS), i.e., a new product category for sheet steel. In the future, thick slab casters, thin slab casters and twin‐roll casters will coexist and become increasingly specialized. The result will be both new and better products for steel consumers and satisfactory financial returns for steelmakers. The CASTRIP®1 process produces steel strip between 0.7 and 2.0 mm in thickness, directly from liquid steel. For many applications the UCS product will be directly usable by end users, without further hot rolling, pickling or cold rolling. It can be galvanized, coated with aluminum/zinc, painted and formed without further processing, and will be available in strength levels from about 250 Mpa to more than 600 Mpa—all using a single, simple chemistry. End‐users will be able to buy a new product with price and properties intermediate between today's hot‐rolled and cold‐rolled steels.Among the unique features of the process is its much lower consumption of energy and reduced environmental emissions.
Clinico‐pathological aspects of a residual natal tooth: a case report
Authors: Tsubone Hanako , Onishi Tomoyuki , Hayashibara Tetsuyuki , Sobue Shizuo , Ooshima Takashi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA Japanese girl was referred to Osaka University Dental Hospital for examination of a tooth‐like structure that had erupted following spontaneous exfoliation of a natal tooth in the lower left primary central incisor region. The structure had erupted at 6 months of age, and radiographic and clinical examination showed composition of pulp and dentin, but no enamel. On histological examination, the majority of the dentin area had a tubular dentin‐like appearance, while the outer area of the root appeared to be composed of an osteodentin‐like substance. Most of the dentin was covered by cementum. These findings suggest that the structure had originated from a developing remnant of the extracted natal tooth, which must have remained in the gingival tissues. We termed this calcified structure a residual natal tooth.
Cytokine profile and supposed contribution to scarring in cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Caproni Marzia , Calzolari Anna , Salvatore Elisabetta , Giomi Barbara , Volpi Walter , D'Agata Alberino , Santucci Marco , Fabbri Paolo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground:  The progressive scarring observed in cicatricial pemphigoid (CP) is still partially unexplained but recently the release of soluble fibrogenic factors by inflammatory infiltrating cells has been considered as pathogenically relevant. In the present study we evaluated the expression of mRNA for IL‐4, IL‐5, TGF‐β1, IFN‐γ in CP in comparison to bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients, investigating the role of cytokine profile as possible cause of the different disease evolution.Methods:  Biopsies from patients with oral (n = 10), preputial (n = 3) and cutaneous (n = 1) CP were studied by in situ hybridisation performing a new amplification system based on biotinyl‐tyramide. As control, four patients affected by BP were also examined, together with healthy tissue from two CP and two BP patients, respectively.Results:  In CP IL‐4 mRNA expression was present in 4 out of 14 cases analysed. IL‐5 was detected in 12 CP biopsies. TGF‐β1 and IFN‐γ mRNAs were identified in 9 and 11 CP cases, respectively. In BP, IL‐4 hybridisation signal could not be observed in any of the cases. By contrast IL‐5, TGF‐β1 and IFN‐γ mRNA analyses were positive in all BP cases. Healthy specimens did not show any expression for IL‐4, IL‐5 and IFN‐γ, while a poor staining for TGF‐β was found in epithelium and subjunctional areas.Conclusions:  Our results highlight the presence of a mixed cytokine pattern in the cellular infiltrate of both blistering diseases, with a corresponding increase of Th2‐like activity in fully developed lesions, irrespective of the different sites involved. In addition, the constant presence of TGF‐β1 mRNA in the different lesional phases of CP, and its overlapping expression in BP suggest that the involvement of additional factors is responsible for the scarring course typical of CP.
Tales of Buddha, Dreams of Arabia: Joyce and Images of the East
Authors: Almond Ian 
Published: March 2003

This article attempts to examine and compare the presentation of the Orient in two separate texts by Joyce, the short story “Araby” and Ulysses. Whereas the attitude towards the ‘East’ in the young Joyce is essentially Romantic and almost transcendental (the Orient as a kind of afterlife where everything will be better), in Ulysses we see a more intelligent awareness of the Orient as a Western construct – a gallery of exotic images which has little to do with reality. Where the semantic emptiness of the Orient in “Araby” produces a sense of woe and melancholy, the author of Ulysses affirms the emptiness and appears unpertubed by the absense of any reality behind the various Buddhas, camels and bellydancers that appear in the novel.I have seen Mankind in various Countries and find them equally despicable, if anything the Balance is rather in favour of the Turks. – Byron, “Memorandum”, May 22nd 1811
« Je ne suis pas donc je cogite » : un face à face Pascal‐Perec
Authors: Hillen Sabine 
Published: March 2003

Pascal et Perec se rapprochent par leur écriture apparemment neutre qui réfute la vision substantialiste du sujet. Au premier abord, les deux auteurs arrivent à maîtriser le mot et à exercer un contrôle sur la naissance de la phrase : Pascal le fait par son ordre rhétorique, Perec par son souci de la contraiente oulipienne. En outre, l'écriture « objectiviste » qu'ils pratiquent, se particularise par « la crainte de livrer l'intime au grand public » (Van den Heuvel). Pascal, quand il accuse Montaigne du sot projet qu'il a de se peindre, préfère se cacher derrière le canevas rigide de ses pensées et restreindre sa présence dans le monde. En même temps, surtout dans les passages où le sujet de l'énonciation apparaît et où la maîtrise est relâchée dans le projet d'écriture, Pascal avoue son impuissance à se connaître : « Je ne sais qui m'a mis au monde, ni ce que c'est le monde, ni que moi‐même; je suis dans une ignorance terrible de toutes choses; je ne sais ce que c'est que mon corps, que mes sens, que mon âme et cette partie même de moi qui pense ce que je dis, qui fait réflexion sur tout et sur elle‐même, et ne se connaît non plus que tout le reste » (pensée 427).Chez Perec, la maîtrise de l'écriture est moins causée par le refus du public que par un regard aveugle portéà soi‐même. Privé de sa possibilitéà dire « je », Perec le réduit à une litanie, dans Je me souviens, à un « tu » dans Un Homme qui dort, à une quasi‐absence dans La Vie mode d'emploi. Cependant, par son flirt avec le clinamen, détail faisant dériver la structure, l'intervention personnelle ressurgit comme un acte de résistance au silence imposé par la structure.A la lumière des textes de Pascal et Perec, nous aimerions repenser la notion de sujet telle qu'elle se présente chez les deux auteurs. A cet effet, pour arriver à déterminer la naissance du moi dans la production artistique, il sera nécessaire de repérer les apparitions et dispartitions du sujet de l'énonciation à la première personne ainsi que d'interroger la marque stylistique du fragment.
Reduction of minimal erythema dose by sweating
Authors: Moehrle Matthias , Koehle Welf , Dietz Klaus , Lischka Gerd 
Published: March 2003

Background/Aims: Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. It is known that tap water and saltwater baths have a photosensitizing capacity in subsequent UV irradiation of the skin. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of sweating from heat or from physical activity on the photosensitivity of the skin.Methods: Minimal erythema dose to ultraviolet B (MED/UVB) was determined on the inner forearms of 22 healthy volunteers with a Saalmann Multitester®. Sweating had been provoked by heat (sauna for 10 min) and, on another occasion, physical exercise (jogging for 15 min) followed by MED/UVB testing in a similar way.Results: Compared to baseline MED/UVB there was a highly significant decrease in MED/UVB of up to 31.6% (median 15.8%, mean 15.9%±10.0) after 10 min in the sauna and up to 40.9% (median 16.3%, mean 17.2%±12.5) after 15 min jogging (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Sweat influences the hydration of the horny layer of the skin, resulting in a decrease in reflection and dispersion of UV light. Moderate physical activities such as jogging and/or heat may facilitate erythema reaction. By sweating, outdoor workers and people practicing outdoor sports who are exposed to considerable amounts of solar UV radiation further increase their risk of sunburn.
The effect of amniotic membrane extract on the expression of iNOS mRNA and generation of NO in HaCaT cell by ultraviolet B irradiation
Authors: Chang D. S. , Seo S. J. , Hong C. K. 
Published: March 2003

Background/Purpose:
Amniotic membrane (AM) is the innermost fetal membrane, which contains several proteinase inhibitors and expresses several growth factors. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases including sunburn and ultraviolet induced erythema. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is up regulated by UVB irradiation and inhibited by TGF‐bβ and EGF‐bβ. We evaluated the effect of AM extract on the expression of iNOS mRNA by UV irradiation in HaCaT cell (immortalized human keratinocyte cell line). Methods:
HaCaT cells were irradiated UVB 30 mJ/cm2 and AM extract was added. The iNOS mRNA was isolated by RT‐PCR and NO production was assessed by spectrophotometric method based on Griess reaction. Results:  The expression of iNOS mRNA was induced by UVB irradiation in HaCaT cell and the expression of iNOS mRNA was higher at 48 h than that at 24 h. AM extract down regulated the induction of iNOS mRNA in HaCaT cell by UVB irradiation. NO generation was increased by UVB irradiation, but down regulated by AM extract treatment in HaCaT cells. Conclusion:  These results assured that the expression of iNOS mRNA and generation of NO are up regulated by UVB irradiation and showed that AM extract down regulated the induction of iNOS mRNA and decreased generation of NO by UVB irradiation.
Polymorphous light eruption in African Americans: pinpoint papular variant
Authors: Kontos Andrew P. , Cusack Carrie A. , Chaffins Marsha , Lim Henry W. 
Published: March 2003

Background:  Polymorphous light eruption (PMLE) is the most common chronic idiopathic photodermatosis usually manifesting as a papular eruption (3–6 mm), with several other morphological variants described. Methods:  Between June 1998 and August 2001, nine patients presented with complaints of a pruritic pinpoint papular eruption associated with sun exposure. A detailed history and complete skin examination were performed along with a skin biopsy if active lesions were present. Phototesting to ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A), ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) and visible light was performed in four patients. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing was performed in three patients. The diagnosis of PMLE was made based on the history, morphology of the lesions, results of phototesting and skin biopsy if available. Results:  In all patients, pinpoint papules (1–2 mm) were observed on sun‐exposed areas, sparring the face and flexural surfaces. All patients were African American women with skin type IV–VI and a mean age of 39.3 years (range 21–52 years). Phototest results were normal in three patients; one patient, who was on glyburide, had a decreased minimal erythema dose to UV‐A. ANA testing was negative. Two histopathologic patterns were observed: (i) focal lichenoid and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with red blood cell extravasation in four specimens and (ii) superficial and deep interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate with papillary dermal edema in the remaining three specimens. All patients responded to topical corticosteroids, broad‐spectrum sunscreens and antihistamines. Conclusion:  Recognition of this pinpoint papular variant of PMLE in dark‐skinned individuals is important in the evaluation and management of these patients.
Decreased nocturnal melatonin levels during acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Domínguez‐Rodríguez Alberto , Abreu‐González Pedro , García Martín J. , Sanchez Juan , Marrero Francisco , Armas‐Trujillo Diego de 
Published: March 2003

Abstract: Acute myocardial infarction is accompanied by an increase in cellular oxidative stress in the pericardial coverings of the heart. Melatonin is a highly potent and efficient radical scavenger. Little research has been carried out concerning the relationship between this antioxidant and acute myocardial infarction in humans. In this work, serum levels of melatonin and parameters of oxidative stress, such as glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation levels were examined in light/dark periods in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Twenty‐five patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction were studied and 25 patients with no evidence of coronary artery disease served as controls. Venous blood samples were obtained from the patients and control subjects to determine melatonin, glutathione peroxidase and lipid peroxidation; the samples were collected at 10:00 hr (light period) and 03:00 hr (dark period) in the first 24 hr after admission to the coronary care unit. Our results demonstrate the existence of differences between changes in melatonin levels in control subjects and acute myocardial infarction patients, revealing a reduced nocturnal elevation in the acute myocardial infarction group. Glutathione peroxidase levels were lower after acute myocardial infarction and did not show diurnal variations. In the control group, lipid peroxidation levels presented a light/dark pattern but in the acute myocardial infarction group diurnal variations of this parameter were lost. Our data show that acute myocardial infarction is associated with a nocturnal serum melatonin deficit as well as increased oxidative stress, suggesting that melatonin is, at least in part, depleted during the dark phase to reduce the free radicals formed in acute myocardial infarction.
Melatonin reduces lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide during irradiation‐induced oxidative injury in the rat liver
Authors: Taysi Seyithan , Koc Mehmet , Büyükokuroğlu Mehmet Emin , Altınkaynak Konca , Şahin Yaşar Nuri 
Published: March 2003

Abstract:  Radiation therapy is a popular and useful tool in the treatment of cancer. Melatonin participates in the regulation of a number of important physiological and pathological processes. Melatonin, a powerful endogenous antioxidant, plays a role in the reduction of oxidative damage. Thirty adult rats were divided into five equal groups. On the day of the experiment, groups I and II were injected with 5 or 10 mg/kg melatonin, respectively, while group III received isotonic NaCl solution. Thirty minutes later, groups I, II and III were exposed to 6.0 Gy whole body ionizing radiation in a single fraction. Group IV was injected with 5 mg/kg melatonin but was not irradiated. The final group was reserved as sham treated. Liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOċ) levels were measured in all groups. Whole body irradiation caused a significant increase in liver MDA and NOċ levels. Hepatic MDA and NOċ levels in irradiated rats that were pretreated with melatonin (5 or 10 mg/kg) were significantly decreased. Malondialdehyde and NOċ levels were reduced in a dose‐related manner by melatonin. The data show that melatonin reduces liver damage inflicted by irradiation when given prior to the exposure to ionizing radiation. The radioprotective effect of melatonin is likely achieved by its ability to function as a scavenger for free radicals generated by ionizing radiation.
Computer recognition of skin structures using discriminant and cluster analysis
Authors: Smolle Josef 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: Automated image analysis of complex tissues is usually limited by the difficulty of recognizing special structures by computer. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of discriminant and cluster analysis to the interpretation of skin images.Methods: Digital images from microscopic, dermatoscopic and clinical views of skin specimens were electronically dissected into elements of equal size and shape, and a set of grey level, colour and texture features was assessed for each element. Elements were classified interactively and submitted to discriminant analysis. Furthermore, hierarchical cluster analysis was used to enable the system to classify the tissue elements automatically, based on the available digital information. The classification results were relocated to the original image in order to evaluate the performance of the procedure.Results: The system performs well in reproducibly detecting different skin structures in digital images. Discriminant analysis of interactively classified elements yielded a correct reclassification in 98 to 100% of tissue elements. Among the cluster analysis procedures, the conservative Ward method after removal of all highly correlated features produced the best results. The method turned out to be applicable irrespective of the image source used.Conclusions: Discriminant and cluster analysis may be helpful techniques for a user‐independent, subjectively unbiased measurement system of skin structures.
Electrical impedance measurements at different skin sites related to seasonal variations
Authors: Nicander Ingrid , Ollmar Stig 
Published: March 2003

Background/aims: In a previous study we mapped differences in electrical impedance between different anatomical locations related to age and sex. Now we employ the electrical impedance technique for studying the seasonal variations for the same skin sites.Method: The investigation was performed on 48 healthy volunteers divided into two groups on the basis of sex. Readings of electrical impedance were taken from ten different body locations at each of the four seasons during one year. Electrical impedance spectra were measured in the frequency range 1 kHz to 1 MHz, and four impedance indices based on the complex impedance values at 20 kHz and 500 kHz were calculated.Results: The baseline values varied from one site to another and increased significantly for most sites from the winter to the summer, while the changes from October to March were negligible. Using ANOVA, the seasonal variation was found to be a more important factor than sex.Conclusions: Our results suggest that seasonal variations for different skin sites should be taken into consideration when using the electrical impedance technique.