bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Chatbot Artificial Intelligence Replace Infectious Diseases Physicians in the Management of Bloodstream Infections? A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maillard Alexis , Micheli Giulia , Lefevre Leila , Guyonnet Cécile , Poyart Claire , Canouï Etienne , Belan Martin , Charlier Caroline 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
The development of chatbot artificial intelligence (AI) has raised major questions about their use in healthcare. We assessed the quality and safety of the management suggested by Chat Generative Pre-training Transformer 4 (ChatGPT-4) in real-life practice for patients with positive blood cultures.

Methods
Over a 4-week period in a tertiary care hospital, data from consecutive infectious diseases (ID) consultations for a first positive blood culture were prospectively provided to ChatGPT-4. Data were requested to propose a comprehensive management plan (suspected/confirmed diagnosis, workup, antibiotic therapy, source control, follow-up). We compared the management plan suggested by ChatGPT-4 with the plan suggested by ID consultants based on literature and guidelines. Comparisons were performed by 2 ID physicians not involved in patient management.

Results
Forty-four cases with a first episode of positive blood culture were included. ChatGPT-4 provided detailed and well-written responses in all cases. AI’s diagnoses were identical to those of the consultant in 26 (59%) cases. Suggested diagnostic workups were satisfactory (ie, no missing important diagnostic tests) in 35 (80%) cases; empirical antimicrobial therapies were adequate in 28 (64%) cases and harmful in 1 (2%). Source control plans were inadequate in 4 (9%) cases. Definitive antibiotic therapies were optimal in 16 (36%) patients and harmful in 2 (5%). Overall, management plans were considered optimal in only 1 patient, as satisfactory in 17 (39%), and as harmful in 7 (16%).

Conclusions
The use of ChatGPT-4 without consultant input remains hazardous when seeking expert medical advice in 2023, especially for severe IDs.
Cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Jaiswal Vikash , Agrawal Vibhor , Khulbe Yashita , Hanif Muhammad , Huang Helen , Hameed Maha , Shrestha Abhigan Babu , Perone Francesco , Parikh Charmy , Gomez Sabas Ivan , Paudel Kusum , Zacks Jerome , Grubb Kendra J , De Rosa Salvatore , Gimelli Alessia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis is caused by the extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in the heart, involving not only the myocardium but also any cardiovascular structure. Indeed, this progressive infiltrative disease also involves the cardiac valves and, specifically, shows a high prevalence with aortic stenosis. Misfolded protein infiltration in the aortic valve leads to tissue damage resulting in the onset or worsening of valve stenosis. Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis coexist in patients &gt; 65 years in about 4–16% of cases, especially in those undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Diagnostic workup for cardiac amyloidosis in patients with aortic stenosis is based on a multi-parametric approach considering clinical assessment, electrocardiogram, haematologic tests, basic and advanced echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and technetium labelled cardiac scintigraphy like technetium-99 m (99mTc)-pyrophosphate, 99mTc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid, and 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate. However, a biopsy is the traditional gold standard for diagnosis. The prognosis of patients with coexisting cardiac amyloidosis and aortic stenosis is still under evaluation. The combination of these two pathologies worsens the prognosis. Regarding treatment, mortality is reduced in patients with cardiac amyloidosis and severe aortic stenosis after undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to understand whether the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis could affect therapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to critically expose the current state-of-art regarding the association of cardiac amyloidosis with aortic stenosis, from pathophysiology to treatment.
Serial changes in the trends of direct oral anticoagulant use and incidence of thromboembolisms and major bleeding events in very old patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation
Authors: Takahashi Masahiko , Morimoto Takeshi , Tsushima Ryu , Sudo Yuya , Sakamoto Ai , Sogo Masahiro , Ozaki Masatomo , Okawa Keisuke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become the first-line antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). During this period, the incidence of thromboembolisms and major bleeding events has decreased. However, no studies have shown a correlation between them, and even fewer data are available on older patients. Therefore, we evaluated the serial changes in oral anticoagulant (OAC) use and the correlation between DOAC use and the incidence of adverse events among very old patients with NVAF.

Methods and results
We conducted a historical cohort study in 1320 consecutive patients with NVAF aged ≥80 years who received medical treatment for AF from March 2011 to February 2021. We analysed the temporal trends regarding patients using OACs, including the DOAC prescription rate and incidence of adverse events. Over the last decade, the number of patients using OACs has increased from 228 to approximately 600 person-years. The DOAC prescription rate has significantly increased (4–90%, P &lt; 0.001). The age of the patients and proportion of patients with a HASBLED score ≥3 significantly increased (84 ± 4 to 86 ± 4 years, 16–25%, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). The composite incidence of thromboembolisms and major bleeding events significantly decreased (7.02–3.30 events/100 person-years, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The incidence of thromboembolisms and major bleeding events might be inversely correlated with the increase in the DOAC prescription rate in patients with NVAF aged ≥80 years.
The genomics of adaptation to climate in European great tit (Parus major) populations
Authors: Stonehouse Joanne C , Spurgin Lewis G , Laine Veronika N , Bosse Mirte ,   The Great Tit HapMap Consortium, Groenen Martien A M , van Oers Kees , Sheldon Ben C , Visser Marcel E , Slate Jon 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The recognition that climate change is occurring at an unprecedented rate means that there is increased urgency in understanding how organisms can adapt to a changing environment. Wild great tit (Parus major) populations represent an attractive ecological model system to understand the genomics of climate adaptation. They are widely distributed across Eurasia and they have been documented to respond to climate change. We performed a Bayesian genome-environment analysis, by combining local climate data with single nucleotide polymorphisms genotype data from 20 European populations (broadly spanning the species’ continental range). We found 36 genes putatively linked to adaptation to climate. Following an enrichment analysis of biological process Gene Ontology (GO) terms, we identified over-represented terms and pathways among the candidate genes. Because many different genes and GO terms are associated with climate variables, it seems likely that climate adaptation is polygenic and genetically complex. Our findings also suggest that geographical climate adaptation has been occurring since great tits left their Southern European refugia at the end of the last ice age. Finally, we show that substantial climate-associated genetic variation remains, which will be essential for adaptation to future changes.
Paper tools for broken hearts: fortune-telling with cards in France, c. 1803–1937
Authors: Pooley William G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fortune-telling using cards became increasingly popular in France in the late eighteenth century. But the history of cards as tools for divination has been overshadowed by myths spun by occultist writers, who claimed Tarot were the only cards truly suited to fortune-telling, because they encoded secret magical truths that dated back to ancient Egypt. This article turns from these myths to alternative sources that show cards in action: criminal prosecutions of fortune-tellers, popular card-reading manuals, and surviving cards from the period. Not only Tarot, but cards of all kinds, from playing cards to decks designed for divination became flexible tools for negotiating relationships among a broad range of the French population. As images, texts and objects to be manipulated, cards unlock common structures of emotion in nineteenth-century France, from the sense of order implied by suits, to the importance of juxtapositions and chance, and of turning things over to uncover their true, hidden meaning.
Failure of Cronobacter sakazakii to acquire direct and cross-protection against lethal stresses after exposure to sublethal ethanol
Authors: Niu Hongmei , Wang Xiang , Wang Yuan , Qin Xiaojie , Liu Yangtai , Li Zhuosi , Wang Xu , Zhang Wantong , Dong Qingli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii may encounter subinhibitory concentrations of ethanol stress over its lifecycle. Bacterial tolerance to homologous or heterologous stress agents may be altered as a result of ethanol adaptive responses. Therefore, the tolerance of ethanol-exposed and control cells to subsequent lethal stresses was evaluated in the current work. It was discovered that sublethal ethanol exposure increased the susceptibility to lethal ethanol stress in C. sakazakii as determined by the Weibull model. Furthermore, sublethal ethanol concentration exposure in C. sakazakii did not lead to any cross-tolerance against other stressors such as benzalkonium chloride (120 mg/L), heat (55 °C), cold (4 °C), simulated gastric fluid (pH 3.0), osmotic stress (sorbitol, 0.75 g/mL), and desiccation stress. Analysis of zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy spectra revealed that cellular injury and changes in cellular chemical composition may contribute to the reduced resistance of C. sakazakii after ethanol exposure. Furthermore, sublethal ethanol exposure resulted in an elevated proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), while reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the ratio of SFA to USFA. The developed inactivation models can serve as a valuable source of data to support quantitative microbial risk assessment. Moreover, a better understanding of the response of C. sakazakii to sublethal ethanol exposure may provide valuable insights into the prevention and control of C. sakazakii.
Calculation model and application of ecological water demand of watercourses in low-carbon sponge urban areas based on DPSA algorithm
Authors: Zhang Tianming , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
To improve the prediction ability of river ecological water requirement in sponge low-carbon urban areas, a prediction model of it based on big data analysis was proposed. A statistical analysis model of river ecological water requirement in sponge and low-carbon urban areas was established. Differential Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (DPSA) was used to calculate the characteristic quantity of river ecological water requirement in sponge and low-carbon urban areas. The detection model of ecosystem hydrothermal balance and lognormal distribution time series of groundwater level were constructed for the prediction of river ecological water requirement in sponge and low-carbon urban areas. Combined with the integrated control method of river ecological environment water demand forecasting and information exchange, a decentralized control model of river ecological water demand in low-carbon sponge urban areas was established. Through applicability analysis and model measurement analysis, combined with comprehensive index measurement, the prediction model of river ecological water requirement in low-carbon sponge urban areas was optimized. The empirical analysis results show that this method has good adaptability and high prediction accuracy for the prediction of river ecological water requirement in sponge low-carbon urban areas and improves the reliability of the prediction of river ecological water requirement and the matching level of urban ecological environment.
Sexual Exposures Associated With Mpox Infection: California, November 2022 to June 2023
Authors: Snyder Robert E , Saadeh Kayla , Tang Eric C , Johnson Kelly A , Holland Samuel N , Quint Joshua , Burghardt Nicole O , Chai Shua J , Fernando Roshani , Barrera Kimberly Gonzalez , Hernandez Cindy , McManus Korie , Lorenz Kieran , Maycott Jarett , McGinley John , Lewnard Joseph A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Exposures associated with mpox infection remain imperfectly understood.

Methods
We conducted a case-control study enrolling participants who received molecular tests for mpox/orthopoxvirus in California from November 2022 through June 2023. We collected data on behaviors during a 21-day risk period before symptom onset or testing among mpox case patients and test-negative controls.

Results
Thirteen of 54 case patients (24.1%) and 5 of 117 controls (4.3%) reported sexual exposure to individuals they identified as potential mpox case patients (“index contacts”; odds ratio [OR], 7.7 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5–19.3] relative to individuals who did not report exposure to potential mpox case patients). Among these participants, 10 of 13 case patients (76.9%) and 2 of 5 controls (40.0%) reported that their index contacts were not experiencing symptoms visible to participants during sex (OR, 14.9 [95% CI, 3.6–101.8]). Only 3 of 54 case patients (5.6%) reported exposure to symptomatic index contacts. Case patients reported more anal/vaginal sex partners than did controls (adjusted OR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.0–4.8] for 2–3 partners and 3.8 [1.7–8.8] for ≥4 partners). Male case patients with penile lesions more commonly reported insertive anal/vaginal sex than those without penile lesions (adjusted OR, 9.3 [95% CI, 1.6–54.8]). Case patients with anorectal lesions more commonly reported receptive anal sex than those without anorectal lesions (adjusted OR, 14.4 [95% CI, 1.0–207.3]).

Conclusions
Sexual exposure to contacts known or suspected to have experienced mpox was associated with increased risk of infection, often when index contacts lacked apparent symptoms. Exposure to more sex partners, including those whom participants did not identify as index contacts, was associated with increased risk of infection in a site-specific manner. While participants’ assessment of symptoms in partners may be imperfect, these findings suggest that individuals without visibly prominent mpox symptoms transmit infection.
Genome-wide DNA Methylation Profiling in Lyme Neuroborreliosis Reveals Altered Methylation Patterns of HLA Genes
Authors: Henningsson Anna J , Hellberg Sandra , Lerm Maria , Sayyab Shumaila 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is a complex neuroinflammatory disorder caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted through tick bites. Epigenetic alterations, specifically DNA methylation (DNAm), could play a role in the host immune response during infection. In this study, we present the first genome-wide analysis of DNAm in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with LNB and those without LNB. Using a network-based approach, we highlighted HLA genes at the core of these DNAm changes, which were found to be enriched in immune-related pathways. These findings shed light on the role of epigenetic modifications in the LNB pathogenesis that should be confirmed and further expanded upon in future studies.
Degradation of glycosylinositol phosphoceramide during plant tissue homogenization
Authors: Takai Yoshimichi , Hasi Rumana Yesmin , Matsumoto Naoko , Fujita Chiho , Ali Hanif , Hayashi Junji , Kawakami Ryushi , Aihara Mutsumi , Ishikawa Toshiki , Imai Hiroyuki , Wakida Mayuko , Ando Kazuya , Tanaka Tamotsu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A convenient method for the determination of plant sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphoceramide, GIPC; glucosylceramide, GluCer; phytoceramide 1-phosphate, PC1P and phytoceramide, PCer) was developed. This method includes the extraction of lipids using 1-butanol, alkali hydrolysis with methylamine and separation by TLC. The amounts of sphingolipids in the sample were determined based on the relative intensities of standard sphingolipids visualized by primulin/UV on TLC. Using this method, we found that almost all GIPCs were degraded in response to tissue homogenization in cruciferous plants (cabbage, broccoli and Arabidopsis thaliana). The decrease in GIPCs was compensated for by increases in PC1P and PCer, indicating that GIPC was degraded by hydrolysis at the D and C positions of GIPC, respectively. In carrot roots and leaves, most of GIPC degradation was compensated for by an increase in PCer. In rice roots, the decrease in GIPCs was not fully explained by the increases in PC1P and PCer, indicating that enzymes other than phospholipase C and D activities operated. As the visualization of lipids on TLC is useful for detecting the appearance or disappearance of lipids, this method will be available for the characterization of metabolism of sphingolipids in plants.
Is income inequality converging at the regional level? Evidence from LIS data
Authors: Erfurth Philipp 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Interest in regional convergence in mean incomes has been rekindled by findings that suggest a shift from convergence to divergence. While the majority of existing research has explored convergence in mean incomes, this research focuses specifically on the convergence/divergence of interpersonal income distributions across regions, referred to throughout the study as comparative inter-regional inter-personal income distributions (CIRIPID). The findings suggest that CIRIPID, as measured by the Gini coefficient, converge across countries, but that heterogenous trends are visible within countries. The results highlight that in some countries regions are becoming equally more unequal, while others see regional Gini coefficients trend towards a lower level of inequality. The study also explores the impact of systems of government on CIRIPID. In addition, the study draws on the convergence club methodology to identify heterogeneous CIRIPID convergence paths within countries.
Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters
Authors: Hur Yoon-Sun , Oh Jeonghwa , Kim Namuk , Kim Sunghan , Son Ora , Kim Jiyoung , Um Ji-Hyun , Ji Zuowei , Kim Min-ha , Ko Jae-Heung , Ohme-Takagi Masaru , Choi Giltsu , Cheon Choong-Ill 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)–auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF–auxin signaling. Instead, TCP13 mimics shade by activating the expression of a subset of shade-inducible and cell elongation-promoting SAUR genes including SAUR19, by direct targeting of their promoters. We also found that TCP13 and PIF4, a molecular proxy for shade, repress the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by directly targeting both shared and distinct sets of biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our results indicate that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive genes without activating the PIF–auxin signaling pathway.
Constraints on thermal conductivity in the merging cluster Abell 2146
Authors: Richard-Laferrière A , Russell H R , Fabian A C , Chadayammuri U , Reynolds C S , Canning R E A , Edge A C , Hlavacek-Larrondo J , King L J , McNamara B R , Nulsen P E J , Sanders J S 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The cluster of galaxies Abell 2146 is undergoing a major merger and is an ideal cluster to study intracluster medium (ICM) physics, as it has a simple geometry with the merger axis in the plane of the sky, its distance allows us to resolve features across the relevant scales and its temperature lies within Chandra’s sensitivity. Gas from the cool core of the subcluster has been partially stripped into a tail of gas, which gives a unique opportunity to look at the survival of such gas and determine the rate of conduction in the ICM. We use deep 2.4-Ms Chandra observations of Abell 2146 to produce a high spatial resolution map of the temperature structure along a plume in the ram-pressure stripped tail, described by a partial cone, which is distinguishable from the hot ambient gas. Previous studies of conduction in the ICM typically rely on estimates of the survival time for key structures, such as cold fronts. Here we use detailed hydrodynamical simulations of Abell 2146 to determine the flow velocities along the stripped plume and measure the time-scale of the temperature increase along its length. We find that conduction must be highly suppressed by multiple orders of magnitude compared to the Spitzer rate, as the energy used is about 1 per cent of the energy available. We discuss magnetic draping around the core as a possible mechanism for suppressing conduction.
Hybrid Epigenomes Reveal Extensive Local Genetic Changes to Chromatin Accessibility Contribute to Divergence in Embryonic Gene Expression Between Species
Authors: Devens Hannah R , Davidson Phillip L , Byrne Maria , Wray Gregory A 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Chromatin accessibility plays an important role in shaping gene expression, yet little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that influence the evolution of chromatin configuration. Both local (cis) and distant (trans) genetic influences can in principle influence chromatin accessibility and are based on distinct molecular mechanisms. We, therefore, sought to characterize the role that each of these plays in altering chromatin accessibility in 2 closely related sea urchin species. Using hybrids of Heliocidaris erythrogramma and Heliocidaris tuberculata, and adapting a statistical framework previously developed for the analysis of cis and trans influences on the transcriptome, we examined how these mechanisms shape the regulatory landscape at 3 important developmental stages, and compared our results to similar analyses of the transcriptome. We found extensive cis- and trans-based influences on evolutionary changes in chromatin, with cis effects generally larger in effect. Evolutionary changes in accessibility and gene expression are correlated, especially when expression has a local genetic basis. Maternal influences appear to have more of an effect on chromatin accessibility than on gene expression, persisting well past the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Chromatin accessibility near gene regulatory network genes appears to be distinctly regulated, with trans factors appearing to play an outsized role in the configuration of chromatin near these genes. Together, our results represent the first attempt to quantify cis and trans influences on evolutionary divergence in chromatin configuration in an outbred natural study system and suggest that chromatin regulation is more genetically complex than was previously appreciated.