bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by automated gated myocardial SPECT versus cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Persson Eva , Carlsson Marcus , Palmer John , Pahlm Olle , Arheden Håkan 
Published: May 2005

SummaryBackground:  Electrocardiogram‐gated myocardial single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 99mTc‐tetrofosmin allows simultaneous evaluation of myocardial perfusion and function. In this study, left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (LVEF), and left ventricular wall volume (LVWV) derived from gated SPECT were compared with measurements from cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), performed within a few hours.Methods:  The study population included 55 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, including 13 patients with recent acute myocardial infarction. End‐diastolic (EDV) and end‐systolic (ESV) volumes, LVEF and LVWV were derived automatically from gated SPECT using commercially available software (QGS). In the CMR studies, manually delineated endocardial and epicardial borders on short‐axis slices were used to calculate the volumes.Results:  Gated SPECT underestimated EDV by 35 ± 14 ml (mean ± SD) (P<0·001), ESV by 10 ± 13 ml (P<0·001), and LVEF by 4 ± 7 percentage points (P<0·001). There were no systematic difference in EDV, ESV or LVEF between the methods. SPECT underestimated LVWV by 49 ± 30 ml (P<0·001), with a trend towards increasing underestimation by SPECT for larger wall volumes.Conclusion:  These findings show that gated SPECT slightly underestimates EDV, ESV and LVEF compared with CMR. This underestimation is systematic, however, indicating that ventricular volumes derived from gated SPECT are robust enough to guide clinical management. Estimates of LVWV in patients with large wall volumes are less accurate.
Nurses and the Genomic Revolution
Authors: Jenkins Jean , Grady Patricia A. , Collins Francis S. 
Published: May 2005

Purpose

: To increase nurses' genetics and genomics literacy through a series of articles focused on genomic research discoveries and their importance for nursing education, practice, policy, and research.
Organizing Framework

: “Genomics for Health” is one of three themes, along with genomes to biology and genomes to society, emanating from applications of the Human Genome Project (HGP).
Methods

: In this series of articles, nurse scientists who are experts in genetics and genomics sciences explain terminology, provide background information about the HGP, discuss clinical examples, and recommend changes in nursing practice, education, and research.
Conclusions

: The HGP has already led to major changes in clinical practice, research, education, and policy, and even more dramatic changes are predicted for people throughout the world. Mastering this information is necessary for nurses globally because genomic information will ultimately pervade all of health care.
The Interface of Genomic Technologies and Nursing
Authors: Loescher Lois J. , Merkle Carrie J. 
Published: May 2005

Purposes

: (a) to summarize views of the interface of technology, genomic technology, and nursing; (b) provide an overview of current and emerging genomic technologies; (c) present clinical exemplars of uses of genomic technology in two disease conditions; and (d) list genomic‐focused nursing research on genomic technologies.
Organizing Framework

: A discussion of genomic technology in the context of nurses' views of technology, the importance of genomic technology for nurses, linking the central dogma of molecular biology to state‐of‐the‐art tests and assays, and nurses' current use of technologies.
Conclusions

: Human genome discoveries will continue to be an integral part of disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management. These discoveries also have the potential for being integrated into nursing science. Genomic technologies are becoming a driving force in patient management, so that nurses will be unable to provide quality care without knowledge of the types of genomic technologies, the rationale for their use, and the possible sequelae that can result from genetic diagnosis or treatment. Many nurses already are using genomic technologies to conduct genomic‐focused nursing research. The biobehavioral nature of much of this research further indicates the important contributions of nurses in genomics.
Preparing Nurses for the Global Pandemic of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Kara Magfiret 
Published: May 2005

Purpose

: To raise awareness of the global pandemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its multiple underlying causes, and how to fight it, with particular attention to needs in nursing education.
Methods

: Integrative review of the literature.
Findings

: The main underlying causes of COPD are both individual and environmental factors, and the disease usually results from an interaction between these two factors. The prevalence of COPD is highest in countries where cigarette smoking has been, or still is, very common, and it is lowest in countries where smoking is less common, or total tobacco consumption per person is low. COPD is to some extent a preventable disease especially by preventing exposure to tobacco smoke and to occupational dusts and chemicals including vapours, irritants, fumes, and indoor and outdoor air pollution. The main implication for nurses and nursing curricula is to expand the focus from the individual to include population‐based intervention programmes.
Conclusions

: Addressing the underlying causes of COPD and providing appropriate interventions are within the scope of nursing practice and responsibility. Changes in nursing education are needed for nurses to be able to address the COPD pandemic.
Hopelessness as a Response to Physical Illness
Authors: Dunn Susan L. 
Published: May 2005

Purpose

: To analyze hopelessness as a psychological response to physical illness, differentiate hopelessness from depression, and discuss measures of hopelessness.
Organizing Framework

: Walker and Avant's (1995) concept analysis strategy.
Method

: A review of the literature from 1983 to 2004 was completed, with a focus on hopelessness theory and measurement.
Findings

: Although hopelessness is closely related to depression, distinct characteristics of hopelessness were identified. A continuum of attributes of hopelessness and depression was derived. Hopelessness has been examined in a variety of populations with several different instruments. One established measure was selected for discussion.
Conclusions

: Continued study of hopelessness as a psychological response to physical illness is needed, including the continued differentiation of hopelessness from depression, further analysis of the continuum of hopelessness and depression, and the differentiation of state from trait hopelessness. Research to validate this conceptualization will enhance accuracy of the diagnosis of hopelessness and testing of nursing inteventions.
Hospital Ethical Climates and Registered Nurses' Turnover Intentions
Authors: Hart Sara Elizabeth 
Published: May 2005

Purpose

: To investigate (a) the effects of hospital ethical climates on positional and professional turnover intentions of registered nurses, and (b) the relationships among demographic factors, employment characteristics, and positional and professional turnover intentions of registered nurses.
Design

: A cross‐sectional study of randomly selected registered nurses (n=463) in Missouri, USA, conducted in 2003 and 2004.
Methods

: A self‐administered questionnaire containing the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, the Anticipated Turnover Scale, and the Nursing Retention Index was used to assess registered nurses' perceptions of the hospital ethical climate and their intentions to leave their position or the nursing profession. Descriptive statistics, Pearson product‐moment correlations, and hierarchical regression techniques were used to analyze the data.
Findings

: The hospital ethical climate explained 25.4% of the variance in positional turnover intentions and 14.7% of the variance in professional turnover intentions. Together, hospital ethical climate, control over practice, the use of educational reimbursement as a retention strategy, gender, and staff sufficiency explained 29.7% of the variance in positional turnover intentions. Hospital ethical climate, patient load, and control over practice together explained 15.8% of the variance in professional turnover intentions.
Conclusions

: Of the variables included in this analysis, the hospital ethical climate was most important in explaining nurses' positional and professional turnover intentions.
Simulation of thermal fatigue in hot strip mill work rolls
Authors: Mercado‐Solis R. D. , Beynon J. H. 
Published: May 2005

The surface deterioration of work rolls constitutes a significant constraint on the operation of hot mills, as the duration of rolling campaigns are greatly restricted by the surface condition of the rolls. Work roll changes account for a large proportion of downtime in the operation of hot strip mills, resulting in financial penalties for the mill operators in terms of lost production and roll maintenance.It is generally accepted that thermal fatigue represents one of the main factors influencing work roll wear in the finishing stands of a hot strip mill. In order to assess the thermal fatigue behaviour of typical work roll alloy grades, a series of tests were performed on high‐speed steel (HSS) and high‐carbon high‐chromium steel samples using a stand alone twin‐disc simulation machine under conditions that are comparable to those of hot rolling of steel. The progressive changes in surface condition of the roll samples were monitored and analysed by means of stylus profilometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results were compared with fragments of scrapped work rolls taken from the mill. Tests performed on the HSS samples did not result in appreciable surface degradation of the test sample. On the other hand, examination of the high‐carbon high‐chromium samples after testing revealed thermal crack morphologies and surface defects comparable to those observed in mill roll samples.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase plays a minor role in inhibition of arterial thrombus formation
Authors: Özüyaman Burcin , Küsters Susanne , Kirchhoff Elisabeth , Scharf Rüdiger , Schrader Jürgen , Gödecke Axel 
Published: May 2005

SummaryEndothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expressed in the vascular en-dothelium or formed within platelets was postulated to inhibit platelet activation and aggregation. We have assessed the role of eNOS in platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by comparison of WT and eNOS-/- mice. Aggregometer studies revealed that collagen over a concentration range of 0.36–10 µg aggregated WT and eNOS-/- platelets to the same extent (10 µg: WT 86.7±4.7%, eNOS-/- 91±12%, n=6). Collagen treatment did not result in a significant increase in cGMP formation and VASP phosphorylation. Thrombin-induced P-selectin surface expression was unchanged in eNOS-/- platelets. In line with these findings no eNOS protein was detectable within the platelets of WT mice. In vivo, bleeding time after tail tip resection tended to be shorter in eNOS/- mice (WT: 116±35 s; eNOS-/- 109±37 s, n.s). Similarly, time to occlusion of the A.carotis after focal induction of thrombosis was 501±76 s (WT) and 457±95 s (eNOS-/-) (n.s.). These data demonstrate that eNOS-deficiency minimally affects platelet aggregation and is not associated with accelerated arterial thrombosis in vivo. Thus, in the mouse endothelial NO synthase does not play a major role in the autocrine modulation of platelet function and in thrombosis of conduit vessels in vivo.
Novel aberrant splicings caused by a splice site mutation (IVS1a+5g>a) in F7 gene
Authors: Fu Qihua , Wang Xuefeng , Hu Yiqun , Wang Zhenyi , Ding Qiulan , Wu Wenman , Wang Hongli 
Published: May 2005

SummaryLow FVII coagulant activity (FVII:C 8.2%) and antigen level (FVII:Ag 34.1%) in a 46-year-old Chinese male led to a diagnosis of coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency. Compound heterozygous mutations were identified in his F7 gene:a G to A transition in the 5’ donor splice site of intron 1a (IVS1a+5g>a) and a T to G transition at the nucleotide position 10961 in exon 8, resulting in a His to Gln substitution at amino acid residue 348. An analysis of ectopic transcripts of F7 in the leukocytes of the patient reveals that the mutation (IVS1a+5g>a) is associated with two novel aberrant patterns of splicing. The predominant alternative transcript removes exon 2, but retains intron 3, which shifts the reading frame and predicts a premature translation termination at the nucleotide positions 2–4 in intron 3. The minor alternative transcript skips both exon 2 and exon 3 (FVII Δ2, 3), leading to an in-frame deletion of the propeptide and γ-carboxylated glutamic acid (Gla) domains of mature FVII protein. In vitro expression studies of the alternative transcript FVII Δ2, 3 by transient transfection of HEK 293 cells with PcDNA 3.1(-) expression vector showed that although the mutant protein could be secreted, no pro-coagulation activity was detected. The coexistence of the two abnormal transcripts and a heterozygous mutation His348Gln, explained the patient’s phenotype.
Baseline associations between postmenopausal hormone therapy and inflammatory, haemostatic, and lipid biomarkers of coronary heart disease
Authors: Pradhan Aruna , Lewis Cora , Manson JoAnn , Rossouw Jacques , Hendrix Susan , LaCroix Andrea , Ridker Paul , Langer Robert 
Published: May 2005

SummaryClinical trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT) have found an early increase in cardiovascular events, and have not demonstrated the reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) predicted from changes in conventional risk factors or found in observational studies, suggesting that PHT may increase coronary risk through other pathways. We compared baseline levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), sICAM-1, tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-antigen), D-dimer, homocysteine, triglycerides, total-, HDL- and LDL- cholesterol in 304 cases with incident CHD and 304 controls, according to self-reported use of PHT. Subjects were selected from the 75,343 participants in the WHI Observational Study without baseline cardiovascular disease or cancer. PHT was associated with higher CRP, HDL and triglycerides, and lower tPA-antigen and homo-cysteine. CRP was highest in users of unopposed conjugated equine estrogen. Levels of IL-6, sICAM-1, D-dimer and total cholesterol did not differ between PHT users and non-users. Trans-dermal estrogen users had low levels of D-dimer and CRP. Among users of estrogen plus progestin (EP), CRP, IL-6, tPA-antigen, D-dimer, total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in women with incident coronary events than controls. Estrogen alone (E) controls shared only the tPA-antigen association, but had higher HDL and lower LDL than E cases. In non-users CRP, tPA-antigen and D-dimer were associated with incident CHD. In summary, risk markers differed by PHT category. Some associations differed between women with and without incident CHD, especially for EP, where inflammatory and thrombotic markers were higher in cases. These associations remain speculative pending confirmation in randomized trials.
Transcriptional regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by insulin-like growth factor-1 via MAP kinases and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in HepG2 cells
Authors: Möller Ulrike , Herzig Stephan , Fink Trine , Zachar Vladimir , Ebbesen Peter , Kietzmann Thomas , Dimova Elitsa 
Published: May 2005

SummaryInsulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) appear to play a crucial role in a number of processes associated with growth and tissue remodelling. IGF-1 was shown to enhance PAI-1 expression in primary hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the transcriptional mechanism and the signaling pathway by which IGF-1 mediates induction of PAI-1 expression in HepG2 cells. By using human PAI-1 promoter reporter gene assays we found that mutation of the hypoxia responsive element (HRE), which could bind hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), nearly abolished the induction by IGF-1. We found that IGF-1-induced up-regulation of PAI-1 expression was associated with activation of HIF-1α. Furthermore, IGF-1 enhanced HIF-1α protein levels and HIF-1 DNA-binding to each HRE, E4 and E5 as shown by EMSA. Mutation of the E-boxes, E4 and E5, did not affect the IGF-1-dependent induction of PAI-1 promoter constructs under normoxia but abolished the effect of IGF-1 under hypoxia. Inhibition of either the PI3K by LY294002 or ERK1/2 by U0126 reduced HIF-1α protein levels while both inhibitors together completely abolished the IGF-1 effect on HIF-1α. Remarkably, transfection of HepG2 cells with vectors expressing a dominant-negative PDK1 or the PKB inhibitor, TRB3, did not influence while dominant-negative Raf inhibited the IGF-1 effect on HIF-1α. Thus, IGF-1 activates human PAI-1 gene expression through activation of the PI3-kinase and ERK1/2 via HIF-1α.
Expression and function of syndecan-4 in human platelets
Authors: Kaneider Nicole , Feistritzer Clemens , Gritti Donatella , Mosheimer Birgit , Ricevuti Giovanni , Patsch Josef , Wiedermann Christian 
Published: May 2005

SummaryPlatelet recruitment crucially depends on amplification systems provided by autocrine and paracrine factors such as adenosine diphosphate. In inflammatory states, consumption of coagulation proteins, such as antithrombin aggravates the procoagulant state. In this study, we report that platelets express synde-can-4, an antithrombin-binding cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, whose ligation with antithrombin inhibits activated platelet-dependent superoxide anion release from neut-rophils by the limitation of adenosine diphosphate and adeno-sine triphosphate secretion in activated platelets. Adenosine triphosphate-induced platelet aggregation is reduced after treatment of platelets with antithrombin, which is reversed by blockade of syndecan-4. We further observed that antithrombin limits CD40 ligand expression in adenosine diphosphate-activated platelets and inhibits the shedding of syndecan-4 from activated platelets. Syndecan-4 appears to be directly involved in regulating platelet aggregation as anti-syndecan-4 antibody augments platelet aggregation. We suggest that antithrombin might exert beneficial effects in disseminated intravascular coagulation by reducing platelet activation, observed as inhibited CD40 ligand expression, syndecan-4 shedding, and adenosine diphosphate- and adenosine triphosphate-release from activated platelets with subsequent inhibition of neutrophil respiratory burst. From these data it is concluded that syndecan-4 may play important roles in the regulation of inflammatory effects of platelets.
Nucleic acid aptamers in therapeutic anticoagulation
Authors: Rusconi Christopher , Sullenger Bruce , Becker Richard 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe evolution of anticoagulant therapy for the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders has progressed at a relatively modest pace considering the scope of the problem and our current understanding of platelet biology, coagulation proteases, and vascular science as they apply to protective haemostasis and pathologic thrombosis. Recent observations, dedicated to cellular-based models of coagulation, provide fundamental constructs, mechanistic clarity, and potentially unparalleled opportunity for accelerating the development and wide-scale clinical use of safe, effective, regulatable and patient-specific therapies. The following review introduces a novel domain of anticoagulant therapy referred to as aptamers (derived from the Latin aptus – to fit), considering their history, development, and potential application in patient care arenas.
Relationship between factor XIII activity, fibrinogen, haemostasis screening tests and postoperative bleeding in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
Authors: Blome Markus , Isgro Frank , Kiessling Arndt , Skuras Jan , Haubelt Hannelore , Saggau Werner , Hellstern Peter 
Published: May 2005

SummaryWe investigated the relationship between factor XIII, fibrinogen, blood coagulation screening tests and postoperative bleeding in 98 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. All patients received aprotinin. Blood samples were collected preoperatively (T1), after termination of CPB (T2), 12 h (T3) and 24 h (T4) after surgery to determine FXIII activity, fibrinogen, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and D-dimers (DD). Laboratory results were correlated with the chest tube drainage 24 h after surgery and compared between patients with 24-hour chest tube drain volumes in the lower (Group 1) with those in the upper tertile (Group 3). Median FXIII and fibrinogen levels dropped by 33.9% and 34.2%, respectively, during CPB. No association between FXIII activity and the extent of postoperative bleeding was found. However, chest tube bleeding was significantly correlated with preoperative and postoperative fibrinogen. This was confirmed by comparing Groups 1 and 3. Group 3 patients had significantly lower fibrinogen levels than Group 1 at T1 – T4, although most fibrinogen values were within or above the reference range (medians, g/l: 3.5 vs. 4.0, p = 0.043 at T1; 2.3 vs. 2.7, p = 0.015 at T2; 2.9 vs. 3.3, p = 0.008 at T3; 4.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.002 at T4). There was also a significant relationship of platelet count, PT and APTT, as measured after CPB (T2), with postoperative chest tube drainage. In conclusion, plasma FXIII activity does not influence postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing CPB surgery. There is however an inverse association between preoperative or postoperative plasma fibrinogen levels and postoperative bleeding. These findings indicate a modulation of postoperative bleeding by fibrinogen levels.