bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and variation laws of electromagnetic radiation generated during explosion
Authors: Cui Yuanbo , Jiang Jian , Kong Deren 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe characteristics and laws of explosive electromagnetic radiation must be clarified to investigate its interference with electronic equipment. Currently, studies pertaining to explosive electromagnetic radiation are performed via small equivalent explosive explosion tests, and conclusions regarding the regularity of electromagnetic radiation from warhead explosions are not confirmed. This study analyzes the power laws of explosion electromagnetic radiation via numerical simulations, literature comparisons, experimental testing, and other methods. The results show that the duration of the explosion electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the 1/3 power of the equivalent. The delay time is between 44 and 53 μs and is inversely proportional to the detonation velocity. The peak time is positively correlated with the 1/2 power of the equivalent. The electric field intensity of an explosive explosion is directly proportional to the 1/3 power of the equivalent, whereas the electric field intensity of a warhead explosion is positively correlated but not linearly related with the equivalent power. The spectral distribution of the electromagnetic radiation caused by different types of explosives differ significantly. The electromagnetic radiation measurement results for explosive explosions can be predicted via numerical simulation. However, the simulation results do not match the measurement data of warhead explosions, thus highlighting the necessity of warhead explosion electromagnetic measurements.
Differentiation of isobaric cross‐linked peptides prepared via maleimide chemistry using MALDI‐MS and MS/MS
Authors: González Luis Javier , Pousa Satomy , Hojo Hironobu , Watanabe Shio , Higo Daisuke , Mallon Alina Rodriguez , Takao Toshifumi 
Published: November 2023

RationaleThe thiosuccinimide linker is widely used in the synthesis of bioconjugates. However, it is susceptible to hydrolysis and is transformed into its hydrolyzed and/or the isobaric thiazine forms, the latter of which is a fairly common product in a conjugate that contains a cysteinyl peptide. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS/MS) are useful for differentiating these isobaric species.MethodsFour cross‐linked peptides with thiosuccinimide linkers were synthesized. Analogs with linkers that were transformed into thiazine and/or the hydrolyzed thiosuccinimide linkers were then synthesized by incubating the samples at neutral or basic pH. All the cross‐linked peptides were purified using RP‐HPLC (reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography) and differentiated using MALDI‐MS, MALDI‐MS/MS, and ultraviolet photodissociation.ResultsA cysteinyl peptide‐containing conjugate, the thiosuccinimide form, was largely transformed into the hydrolyzed or thiazine forms after incubation at neutral or basic pH. MALDI‐MS allowed the three forms to be differentiated: the thiosuccinimide and its hydrolysis product yielded two constituent peptides after reductive cleavage between the Cys and succinimide moieties; no fragment ions were produced from the thiazine form. In addition, MALDI‐MS/MS of the thiosuccinimide form yielded two pairs of complementary fragment ions via 1,4‐elimination: Cys‐SH and maleimide, and dehydro‐alanine and thiosuccinimide, which are different from those produced via reductive cleavage in MALDI‐MS. The thiazine form yielded fragment ions resulting from the cleavage of the newly formed amide bond in the linker that resulted from thiazine formation.ConclusionsThe thiosuccinimide (but not thiazine) form of the cross‐linked peptide yielded individual constituent peptides using MALDI‐MS and MALDI‐MS/MS, showing specific 1,4‐elimination for the thiosuccinimide form and cleavage at the newly formed peptide bond via transcyclization for the thiazine form.
Enzymatic Nanomotors Surviving Harsh Conditions Enabled by Metal Organic Frameworks Encapsulation
Authors: Liu Xiaoxia , Wang Yong , Wang Liying , Chen Wenjun , Ma Xing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEnzyme‐driven micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have demonstrated potentials in the biomedical field because of their excellent biocompatibility, versatility, and fuel bioavailability. However, the fragility of enzymes limits their practical application, because of their susceptibility to denaturation and degradation in realistic scenarios. Herein, a simple yet versatile and effective approach is reported to preserve the enzymatic activity and propulsion capability of enzymatic MNMs under various harsh conditions using metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as a protective shell. Urease can be encapsulated within the exoskeleton of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) via biomimetic mineralization to form ZIF‐8@urease (ZU‐I) nanomotors that exhibit self‐propulsion in the presence of urea. When exposed to harsh conditions, including high temperature, presence of proteases, and organic solvents, the ZU‐I nanomotors still maintained their activity and mobility, whereas ZIF‐8 with externally modified urease (ZU‐O) nanomotors with externally modified urease as a control rapidly lost their motion capabilities owing to the inactivation of urease. Furthermore, ZU‐I nanomotors exhibit effectively enhanced diffusion within the small intestine fluid, achieving a fourfold higher mucus penetration than the ZU‐O nanomotors. The results highlight the effectiveness of using MOFs as protective shells for enzyme nano‐engines, which can greatly advance the practical applications of enzymatic MNMs under realistic conditions, especially for biomedical purpose.
Boosting the Cycle Performance of Iron Trifluoride Based Solid State Batteries at Elevated Temperatures by Engineering the Cathode Solid Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Hu Huan , Zhang Xuedong , Gao Zhenren , Su Yong , Liu Shuangxu , Wu Feixiang , Ren Xiaolei , He Xin , Song Binghui , Lyu Pengbo , Huang Jianyu , Huang Qiao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIron trifluoride (FeF3) is attracting tremendous interest due to its lower cost and the possibility to enable higher energy density in lithium‐ion batteries. However, its cycle performance deteriorates rapidly in less than 50 cycles at elevated temperatures due to cracking of the unstable cathode solid electrolyte interface (CEI) followed by active materials dissolution in liquid electrolyte. Herein, by engineering the salt composition, the Fe3O4‐type CEI with the doping of boron (B) atoms in a polymer electrolyte at 60 °C is successfully stabilized. The cycle life of the well‐designed FeF3‐based composite cathode exceeds an unprecedented 1000 cycles and utilizes up to 70% of its theoretical capacities. Advanced electron microscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the B in lithium salt migrates into the cathode and promotes the formation of an elastic and mechanic robust boron‐contained CEI (BOR‐CEI) during cycling, by which the durability of the CEI to frequent cyclic large volume changes is significantly enhanced. To this end, the notorious active materials dissolution is largely prohibited, resulting in a superior cycle life. The results suggest that engineering the CEI such as tuning its composition is a viable approach to achieving FeF3 cathode‐based batteries with enhanced performance.
Photoactuators Based on Plastically Flexible α‐Cyanostilbene Molecular Crystals Driven by the Solid‐State [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Wei Yiwei , Chen Kui , Zhu Shanshan , Wu Wenbo , Zhao Hongtu , Huang Xin , Wang Na , Zhou Lina , Wang Ting , Wang Jingkang , Hao Hongxun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOrganic photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators, which have potential applications as smart materials in various fields. However, it is still challenging to fabricate photomechanical molecular crystals with flexibility because most of the molecular crystals are brittle and the mechanism of flexible crystals remains controversial. Here, a plastically flexible α‐cyanostilbene crystal has been synthesized that can undergo solid‐state [2+2] cycloaddition reaction under violet or UV irradiation and exhibits excellent photomechanical bending properties. A hook‐shaped crystal can lift 0.7 mg object upward by 1.5 cm, which proves its potential for application as photoactuators. When complex with the agarose polymer, the molecules will be in the form of macroscopic crystals, which can drive the composite films to exhibit excellent photomechanical bending performance. Upon irradiation with UV light, the composite film can quickly lift 18.0 mg object upward by 0.3 cm. The results of this work may facilitate the application of macroscale crystals as photoactuators.
Off‐Grid Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence with Customized p‐i‐n Photodiodes
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Léger Yoan , Descamps Julie , Sojic Neso , Loget Gabriel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractElectrochemiluminescence (ECL) is the generation of light induced by an electrochemical reaction, driven by electricity. Here, an all‐optical ECL (AO–ECL) system is developped, which triggers ECL by the illumination of electrically autonomous “integrated” photoelectrochemical devices immersed in the electrolyte. Because these systems are made using small and cheap devices, they can be easily prepared and readily used by any laboratories. They are based on commercially available p‐i‐n Si photodiodes (≈1 € unit−1), coupled with well‐established ECL‐active and catalytic materials, directly coated onto the component leads by simple and fast wet processes. Here, a Pt coating (known for its high activity for reduction reactions) and carbon paint (known for its optimal ECL emission properties) are deposited at cathode and anode leads, respectively. In addition to its optimized light absorption properties, using the commercial p‐i‐n Si photodiode eliminates the need for a complicated manufacturing process. It is shown that the device can emit AO–ECL by illumination with polychromatic (simulated sunlight) or monochromatic (near IR) light sources to produce visible photons (425 nm) that can be easily observed by the naked eye or recorded with a smartphone camera. These low‐cost off‐grid AO‐ECL devices open broad opportunities for remote photodetection and portable bioanalytical tools.
TXNIP‐NLRP3‐GSDMD axis‐mediated inflammation and pyroptosis of islet β‐cells is involved in cigarette smoke‐induced hyperglycemia, which is alleviated by andrographolide
Authors: Xu Wenchao , Wang Hailan , Sun Qian , Hua Tianqi , Bai Jun , Zhang Qingbi , Liu Qizhan , Ni Xinye 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpidemiologic surveys have indicated that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for diabetes, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Andrographolide, an herb traditionally utilized in medicine, provides anti‐inflammatory benefits for various diseases. In the present work, 265 patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were investigated, and male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cigareete smoke (CS) and/or to intraperitoneally injected andrographolide for 3 months. To elucidate the mechanism of CS‐induced hyperglycemia and the protective mechanism of andrographolide, MIN6 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and/or to andrographolide. Our data from 265 patients with T2D showed that urinary creatinine and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐8, IL‐1β, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α)) increased with smoking pack‐years. In a mouse model, CS induced hyperglycemia, decreased insulin secretion, and elevated inflammation and pyroptosis in β‐cells of mice. Treatment of mice with andrographolide preserved pancreatic function by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines; the expression of TXNIP, NLRP3, cleaved caspase 1, IL‐1β; and the N‐terminal of gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein. For MIN6 cells, CSE caused increasing secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β, and the expression of TXNIP and pyroptosis‐related proteins; however, andrographolide alleviated these changes. Furthermore, silencing of TXNIP showed that the blocking effect of andrographolide may be mediated by TXNIP. In sum, our results indicate that CS induces hyperglycemia through TXNIP‐NLRP3‐GSDMD axis‐mediated inflammation and pyroptosis of islet β‐cells and that andrographolide is a potential therapeutic agent for CS‐induced hyperglycemia.
Engrailed 2 serves as a master regulator of the super‐enhancer in the TNC gene locus in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Li Yan , Jiang Jie , Wang Xiaoyan , Cao Yong , Tang Li , Song Xueqin , Huang Fang , Li Mingying , Chen Feng , Wan Haisu , Ye Sujuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEngrailed 2 (EN2) is a homeodomain‐containing protein that is dysregulated in many types of cancer. However, the role of EN2 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism underlying its biological function are largely unclear. Here, we showed that EN2 played an oncogenic function in NSCLC and greatly enhanced the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, EN2 was able to boost the expression of a well‐studied oncogenic Tenascin‐C (TNC) gene, which in turn activated the AKT signaling pathway. Interestingly, we found that EN2 directly bound to the super‐enhancer (SE) region in the TNC locus. The histone marker H3K27ac was also enriched in the region, indicating the activation of the SE. Treatment of the cells with JQ1, an inhibitor of SE activity, abrogated the effect of EN2 on the expression of TNC and phosphorylation of AKT‐Ser473. Collectively, our work unveils a novel mode of EN2 function, in which EN2 governs the SE in the TNC locus, consequently activating the oncogenic TNC–AKT axis in NSCLC.
Evaluation of the use of a heparin dose‐response test in dogs to determine the optimal heparin dose during intravascular procedures and assessment of the in vitro heparin response in healthy dogs
Authors: Hellemans A. , Devriendt N. , Duchateau L. , Devreese K. M. J. , De Somer F. , Bosmans T. , Mampaey G. , Smets P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo guidelines for administering and monitoring anticoagulants intraprocedurally are currently available in dogs, despite the prevalence of procedures necessitating systemic anticoagulation with heparin.ObjectivesTo evaluate an activated clotting time (ACT)‐based heparin dose‐response (HDR) test to predict the individual required heparin dose in dogs during intravascular procedures, and to investigate both the in vitro heparin – ACT and in vitro heparin – factor anti‐Xa activity (anti‐Xa) relationships in dogs.MethodsBlood was collected from eight healthy beagles undergoing a cardiac procedure and utilised to establish baseline ACT and for in vitro evaluation. Subsequently, 100 IU/kg heparin was administered intravenously (IV) and ACT was remeasured (HDR test). The required heparin dose for an ACT target response ≥300 s was calculated for each individual and ACT was remeasured after administration of this dose. For in vitro testing, a serial heparin blood dilution (0‐0.5‐1‐2‐4 international unit (IU)/mL) was prepared and ACT and anti‐Xa were determined using whole blood and frozen plasma, respectively.ResultsThe HDR test overestimated the required heparin dose in 3/7 dogs. In vitro, ACT and anti‐Xa increased significantly with increasing blood heparin concentration. Heparin – ACT was nonlinear in 4/8 dogs at heparin concentrations >2 IU/mL, whereas heparin – anti‐Xa remained linear throughout the tested range.ConclusionsThe HDR test poorly estimated the required heparin dose in dogs. This is most likely attributed to a nonlinear heparin – ACT relationship, as observed in vitro. Anti‐Xa is a promising alternative for ACT; however, unavailability as a point‐of‐care test and lack of in vivo target values restrict its current use.
Modeling magnetic field and strain driven phase transitions and plasticity in ferrous metals
Authors: Clayton John D. , Murdoch Heather A. , Lloyd Jeffrey T. , Magagnosc Daniel J. , Field Daniel M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA finite strain continuum theory is advanced for static and dynamic simulations of material response under combined mechanical and magnetic fields. The general thermomechanical theory accounts for nonlinear thermoelasticity, plastic flow from slip and twinning, damage mechanics, and phase transformations. Maxwell's equations are implemented in the Galilean approximation. Effects of electromechanical body forces, Maxwell's stress, and magnetostriction are included, as are forces and heating from electric currents in conductors. Several assumptions are newly introduced to facilitate calculations in the context of finite element methods with explicit dynamics. Of particular interest are ferrous solids whose phase changes and interactions are affected by external magnetic fields. Predictions for compression of pure iron, in comparison with experimental data and prior analytical results, verify suitability of modeling assumptions and numerical methods. Further calculations demonstrate efficacy of the model for reproducing experimental findings on ferrous alloys of the same chemical composition but with two different prior heat treatments, leading to different initial microstructures. For all materials studied, effects of magnetic field on kinetic barriers are discovered to be more influential on phase transitions than magnetic Gibbs free energy differences between phases.
The Application of Sequence Stratigraphy to the Investigation and Remediation of LNAPL-Contaminated Sites
Authors: Sadeque Junaid , Samuels Ryan C. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe heterogenous and complex nature of soil and groundwater systems leads to significant technical challenges in remediating Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (LNAPL) contamination and achieving cleanup goals within reasonable timeframes. Therefore, implementing a correlation approach that adequately addresses subsurface heterogeneity between sampling locations is critical for effective management of LNAPL-contaminated sites. In traditional LNAPL remedial investigations in clastic environments, correlation has typically been conducted using ‘lithostratigraphy’, which connects like-lithologies without recognizing the heterogeneity of subsurface sediments between boreholes. The resulting ‘layer cake’ stratigraphy of the subsurface is often too simplistic and inadequate for developing effective remedial strategies. In contrast, the sequence stratigraphic approach (supported by facies analysis) provides a more realistic subsurface correlation based on the predictable distribution of sediments in different depositional environments. The three-dimensional geologic framework derived from sequence stratigraphy can be used to map the heterogeneity between coarse- and fine-grained units across multiple scales and beyond the existing site data set. Moreover, this framework can be integrated with site hydrologic and chemical data to identify sediments with high- and low-fluid transmissive properties. This chapter demonstrates how a sequence-stratigraphy-based conceptual site model can be used to identify preferential LNAPL migration pathways and inform effective remedial decision-making.
More synergies from beauty, top, Z and Drell-Yan measurements in SMEFT
Authors: Grunwald Cornelius , Hiller Gudrun , Kröninger Kevin , Nollen Lara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We perform a global analysis of Beauty, Top, Z and Drell-Yan measurements in the framework of the Standard Model effective theory (SMEFT). We work within the minimal flavor violation (MFV) hypothesis, which relates different sectors and generations beyond the SU(2)L-link between left-handed top and beauty quarks. We find that the constraints on the SMEFT Wilson coefficients from the combined analysis are stronger than the constraints from a fit to the individual sectors, highlighting synergies in the global approach. We also show that constraints within MFV are strengthened compared to single-generation fits. The strongest bounds are obtained for the semileptonic four-fermion triplet operator $$ {C}_{lq}^{(3)} $$

C
lq

3

, probing scales as high as 18 TeV, followed by the gluon dipole operator CuG with 7 TeV, and other four-fermion and penguin operators in the multi-TeV range. Operators with left-handed quark bilinears receive order one contributions from higher orders in the MFV expansion induced by the top Yukawa coupling as a result of the FCNC b → sμμ anomalies combined with the other sectors. We predict the 68% credible intervals of the dineutrino branching ratios within MFV as $$ 4.25\cdot {10}^{-6}\le \mathcal{B}\left({B}^0\to {K}^{\ast 0}\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\le 11.13\cdot {10}^{-6} $$
4.25
⋅

10

−
6

≤
B

B
0

→

K

∗
0

ν

ν
¯

≤
11.13
⋅

10

−
6

and $$ 2.26\cdot {10}^{-6}\le \mathcal{B}\left({B}^{+}\to {K}^{+}\nu \overline{\nu}\right)\le 5.78\cdot {10}^{-6} $$
2.26
⋅

10

−
6

≤
B

B
+

→

K
+

ν

ν
¯

≤
5.78
⋅

10

−
6

, which include the respective Standard Model predictions, and are in reach of the Belle II experiment. We show how future measurements of the dineutrino branching ratios can provide insights into the structure of new physics in the global fit.
Off-shell form factor in $$ \mathcal{N} $$=4 sYM at three loops
Authors: Belitsky A. V. , Bork L. V. , Smirnov V. A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper we provide a detailed account of our calculation, briefly reported in arXiv:2209.09263, of a two-particle form factor of the lowest components of the stress-tensor multiplet in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 sYM theory on its Coulomb branch, which is interpreted as an off-shell kinematical regime. We demonstrate that up to three-loop order, both its infrared-divergent as well as finite parts do exponentiate in the Sudakov regime, with the coefficient accompanying the double logarithm being determined by the octagon anomalous dimension Γoct. We also observe that up to this order in ’t Hooft coupling the logarithm of the Sudakov form factor is identical to twice the logarithm of the null octagon, which was introduced within the context of integrability-based computation of four point correlators with infinitely large R-charges. The null octagon is known in a closed form for all values of the ’t Hooft coupling constant and kinematical parameters. We conjecture that the relation between the former and the off-shell Sudakov form factor holds to all loop orders.
A consistent resummation of mass and soft logarithms in processes with heavy flavours
Authors: Ghira Andrea , Marzani Simone , Ridolfi Giovanni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Perturbative calculations for processes that involve heavy flavours can be performed in two approaches: the massive scheme and the massless one. The former enables one to fully account for the heavy-quark kinematics, while the latter allows one to resum potentially-large mass logarithms. Furthermore, the two schemes can be combined to take advantage of the virtues of each of them. Both massive and massless calculations can be supplemented by soft-gluon resummation. However matching between massive and massless resummed calculations is difficult, essentially because of the non-commutativity of the soft and massless limits. In this paper, we develop a formalism to combine resummed massive and massless calculations. We obtain an all-order expression that consistently resums both mass and soft logarithms to next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We perform detailed calculations for the decay of the Higgs into a heavy-quark pair, and discuss the applications of this formalism to different processes.