bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Further Chemistry of Ellagic Acid III: The Effect of Wick Action upon Moisture Uptake and Movement in Ellagate Treated Pinus radiata Wood
Authors: Przewloka S. , Shearer B. J. 
Published: September 2004

Summary

Pinus radiata sapwood stakes were treated with ellagic acid and tetraguanidinium, tetracholine
and tetrakis-benzyltrimethylammonium ellagates. The effect of these treatments upon moisture
movement and uptake was investigated by wick action. Given that chemical reactions within the
wood substrate between nutrients and treatment solutions may alter the properties of the wood
with regard to moisture movement, the presence of Cu2+ in the system was also examined. Water-soluble
ellagates reduced water loss by 25–35%, but had no effect upon water uptake. Ellagic acid
in N-methylpyrrolidone significantly reduced both water loss and moisture uptake. The effect of
Cu2+ upon moisture movement and uptake in the treated stakes was negligible.
Influence of Heat and Loading Time on the Mechanical Properties of Calamus merrillii Becc.
Authors: Abasolo W. P. , Yamamoto H. , Yoshida M. , Mitsui K. , Okuyama T. 
Published: September 2004

SummaryThe influence of heat and loading time on the mechanical properties ofCalamus merrilliiBecc. was evaluated by measurement of dynamic Young's modulus and creep compliance at different temperature settings. Young's modulus decreased steadily as temperature was elevated. Creep compliance, on the other hand, increased steadily with loading time, similar to wood. Compliance rates were more or less the same at all temperature settings except for one particular temperature which deviated extremely from the rest. This temperature indirectly represents the softening temperature. Reduction in strength caused by heat was highly influenced by the cellular composition of the stem as well as the sensitivity of its basic chemical constituents, e.g., hemicellulose content, to heat. Knowing this basic behavior of rattan stems will enable manufacturers to design rattan products more efficiently.
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Thermally Modified Wood
Authors: Sivonen H. , Maunu S. L. , Sundholm F. , Jämsä S. , Viitaniemi P. 
Published: September 2004

Summary
Thermal modification of wood produces a wood material with many interesting properties, such as
enhanced dimensional stability, lower equilibrium moisture content and increased biological durability.
Changes in the chemical structure of pine (Pinus sylvestris) caused by thermal treatment
were investigated by studying various components of wood using 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy.
Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy on the same set of samples was used to study the formation
and stability of free radicals formed during the treatment. The most remarkable changes
revealed by solid state NMR were the increase in relative crystallinity of cellulose and destruction
and deacetylation of hemicelluloses. Changes in the lignin fraction were mostly registered as diminishment
in the methoxyl content, although the intensity of the aromatic region increased relative
to the carbohydrate fraction during the treatment. Increase in the intensities of the ESR signals
from thermally treated wood samples proves the formation of stable free radicals. In addition,
radical formation is believed to take part in condensation reactions leading to crosslinks within the
lignin and possibly between lignin and other wood components. Both of the methods used indicate
that the changes are most remarkable when the treatment temperature is over 200°C.
Dielectric Relaxation Based on Adsorbed Water in Wood Cell Wall under Non-Equilibrium State. Part 3. Desorption
Authors: Jinzhen C. , Guangjie Z. 
Published: September 2004

Summary
The temperature and frequency spectra of dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ of
Sikkim spruce (Picea spinulosa Griff.) were measured to investigate the change in dielectric relaxation
of water in wood during desorption. In order to control the rate of moisture content change,
the measurements were carried out in three steps: from fiber saturation point to 80% RH, from
80% RH to 60% RH and from 60% RH to 20% RH, at 25°C. Two dielectric relaxation processes
were observed in different temperature and frequency regions which changed their position and
strength with the desorption process. Using the ε′ and ε″ spectra, two groups of Cole-Cole plots
were obtained, on which basis two groups of dielectric parameters including the static dielectric
constant εS, optic dielectric constant ε∞, relaxation strength (εS–ε∞), and the relaxation time distribution
coefficient α were calculated. Both groups of parameters showed similar trends, that is, ε∞
remained nearly constant during the whole desorption process. εS and (εS–ε∞)changed little during
the first step of desorption, decreased obviously during the second step and declined slightly
during the third step. The α value obtained from the lower frequency data changed significantly
during the second and third desorption steps, while there was little change in the other group of α
values. These differences can be explained by different mechanisms of the relaxation processes in
the lower and higher frequency regions.
Zum High-Gain-Beobachterentwurf für eingangs-/ausgangslinearisierbare SISO-Systeme (About High Gain Observer Design for Input-Output Linearizable SISO Systems)
Authors: Röbenack Klaus 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Der Beitrag behandelt den Entwurf nichtlinearer Zustandsbeobachter für eingangs-/ausgangslinearisierbare SISO-Systeme. Wie beim Reglerentwurf mittels Eingangs-/Ausgangs-Linearisierung wird vorausgesetzt, dass das System einen wohl definierten relativen Grad als auch eine asymptotisch stabile interne Dynamik besitzt. Der Beobachterentwurf erfolgt auf der Basis geeigneter Koordinatentransformationen in Verbindung mit einem High-Gain-Ansatz.
Realisierung mikrocontrollerbasierter Prozessführungssysteme am Beispiel eines Prozesszustandsmonitors für die anaerobe Biogasfermentation (Realization of Microcontroller-based Process Control Systems Examplified on Process State Monitor for Anaerobic Biogas Fermentation)
Authors: Patzwahl Steffen , Kramer Klaus-Dietrich , Nacke Thomas 
Published: September 2004

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag stellt Möglichkeiten zur Realisierung mikrocontrollerbasierter Prozessführungssysteme unter Verwendung von Strategien der Computational Intelligence vor. Alle Entwurfsschritte werden in einem Designprozess mit direktem Prozessbezug zusammengefasst. Es wird ein Firmwareentwicklungssystem beschrieben, das speziell für die Schwerpunkte dieses Designprozesses konzipiert wurde. Als Anwendungsbeispiel dient der Prozess der anaeroben Fermentation in Biogasanlagen. Für diesen Prozess wurde unter Anwendung des Designprozesses und mithilfe der programmierten Software u. a. ein Prozesszustandsmonitor entwickelt, der in der Lage ist, den Prozesszustand der Biogasfermentation online zu klassifizieren.
The Java Portlet Specification (Die Java Portlet Spezifikation)
Authors: Hepper Stefan 
Published: September 2004

Summary
Portlets are Java technology based web components, managed by a portlet container, that process requests and generate dynamic content. They are used by portals as pluggable user interface components that provide a presentation layer to Information Systems. After servlets portlets are the next step in web application programming, as they allow the integration of different applications into one consistent view for the end-user. They enable modular and user centric web applications and thus go beyond the servlet model where the web application is one monolithic block. In this article we present the JSR 168 Java Portlet Specification and explain its underlying concepts. We show a Portlet example and discuss how portlets interact with other Java technologies.
Internet-basierter Übungsbetrieb in Technischer Informatik (Web-Based Exercises in Computer Engineering)
Authors: Hönig Udo , Keller Jörg , Schiffmann Wolfram 
Published: September 2004

Zusammenfassung
Wir stellen ein Web-basiertes System zur Abwicklung des Übungsbetriebs im Grundstudium Technische Informatik an der FernUniversität vor. Das System umfasst drei Komponenten: ein Entwurfswerkzeug zur leichten Eingabe von Digitalschaltungen und der Möglichkeit der Selbstkontrolle ihrer Korrektheit, ein Web-gestütztes System zur Einreichung der Schaltungen und Rücksendung der korrigierten Einsendungen und ein Modul zum halbautomatischen Test der Korrektheit der eingesandten Schaltungen. Wir berichten weiterhin über die positiven Erfahrungen während des Pilotbetriebs und über die positiven Ergebnisse der Evaluation des ersten Einsatzes in einem Kurs mit mehreren Tausend Kursteilnehmern.
Dagstuhl Seminar "Computational Cartography and Spatial Modelling" (Rechnergestützte Kartographie und Raumbezogene Datenmodellierung)
Authors: Sester Monika , van Oosterom Peter 
Published: September 2004

Summary
Similar to all other types of information, geographic information is nowadays more and more processed in a digital manner (data acquisition, storage, analysis, presentation, etc.). In contrast to traditional administrative information systems, the geometric nature of the information requires specific attention when handling this information. In this Dagstuhl seminar representatives from different disciplines, namely Computer Science, Cartography, Geography, Geodesy, Image Processing, and Cognitive Psychology are brought together in order to exchange ideas and solve open problems.
Laufzeitunterstützung für mobilen Code (Run-time Support for Mobile Codes)
Authors: Peine Holger 
Published: September 2004

Zusammenfassung
In der Dissertation wurde das Konzept der Kommunikation durch Übertragung von Code statt Nachrichten, insbesondere in Form von mobilen Prozessen (“Agenten”), gründlich analysiert und ein Laufzeitsystem für mobile Agenten vorgestellt. Das System besitzt zum Teil neue Eigenschaften und bewies in einer Anwendung zur verteilten Suche deutliche Geschwindigkeitsvorteile. Als Fazit der Dissertation wird mobiler Code, eher als die noch einmal zusätzlichen Aufwand erfordernden mobilen Agenten, als wichtiger Mechanismus in kommenden verteilten Anwendungsplattformen gesehen.
Plausibility and belief in autobiographical memory
Authors: Scoboria Alan , Mazzoni Giuliana , Kirsch Irving , Relyea Mark 
Published: September 2004

AbstractInvestigations of the recovery and falsification of childhood memories have used one construct in lieu of another. Autobiographical memories have typically not been distinguished from autobiographical beliefs, and researchers have assumed that plausibility and schematic knowledge measure identical constructs. We tested the hypothesis that plausibility, autobiographical belief, and autobiographical memory are nested constructs, such that memory implies belief and belief implies plausibility. Six hundred and eighty five students answered questions about these constructs in relation to ten possible childhood events. Analysis of item means, response probabilities and the frequency with which items followed the predicted order demonstrated that the predicted pattern was upheld in over 95% of cases. Results did not support the hypothesis that plausibility and script knowledge are significantly related. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosome 19p13 loci in Finnish migraine with aura families
Authors: Kaunisto Mari A. , Tikka Päivi J. , Kallela Mikko , Leal Suzanne M. , Papp Jeanette C. , Korhonen Arja , Hämäläinen Eija , Harno Hanna , Havanka Hannele , Nissilä Markku , Säkö Erkki , Ilmavirta Matti , Kaprio Jaakko , Färkkilä Markus , Ophoff Roel A. , Palotie Aarno , Wessman Maija 
Published: September 2004

AbstractChromosomal area 19p13 contains two migraine associated genes: a Cav2.1 (P/Q‐type) calcium channel α1 subunit gene, CACNA1A, and an insulin receptor gene, INSR. Missense mutations in CACNA1A cause a rare Mendelian form of migraine, familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1). Contribution of CACNA1A locus has also been studied in the common forms of migraine, migraine with (MA) and without aura (MO), but the results have been contradictory. The role of INSR is less well established: A region on 19p13 separate from CACNA1A was recently reported to be a major locus for migraine and subsequently, the INSR gene was associated with MA and MO. Our aim was to clarify the role of these loci in MA families by analyzing 72 multigenerational Finnish MA families, the largest family sample so far. We hypothesized that the potential major contribution of the 19p13 loci should be detected in a family sample of this size, and this was confirmed by simulations. We genotyped eight polymorphic microsatellite markers surrounding the INSR and CACNA1A genes on 757 individuals. Using parametric and non‐parametric linkage analysis, none of the studied markers showed any evidence of linkage to MA either under locus homogeneity or heterogeneity. However, marginally positive lod scores were observed in three families, and thus for these families the results remain inconclusive. The overall conclusion is that our study did not provide evidence of a major MA susceptibility region on 19p13 and thus we were not able to replicate the INSR locus finding. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metabolic changes in vestibular and visual cortices in acute vestibular neuritis
Authors: Bense Sandra , Bartenstein Peter , Lochmann Matthias , Schlindwein Peter , Brandt Thomas , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: September 2004

AbstractFive right‐handed patients with a right‐sided vestibular neuritis were examined twice with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography while lying supine with eyes closed: once during the acute stage (mean, 6.6 days) and then 3 months later when central vestibular compensation had occurred. Regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) was significantly increased (p < 0.001 uncorrected) during the acute stage in multisensory vestibular cortical and subcortical areas (parietoinsular vestibular cortex in the posterior insula, posterolateral thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus [Brodmann area 32/24], pontomesencephalic brainstem, hippocampus). Simultaneously, there was a significant rCGM decrease in the visual (Brodmann area 17 to 19) and somatosensory cortex areas in the postcentral gyrus as well as in parts of the auditory cortex (transverse temporal gyrus). Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography thus allows imaging of the cortical activation pattern that is induced by unilateral peripheral vestibular loss. It was possible to demonstrate that the central vestibular system including the vestibular cortex exhibits a visual‐vestibular activation–deactivation pattern during the acute stage of vestibular neuritis similar to that in healthy volunteers during unilateral labyrinthine stimulation. Contrary to experimental vestibular stimulation, the activation of the vestibular cortex was not bilateral but was unilateral and contralateral to the right‐sided labyrinthine failure. Ann Neurol 2004
Diagnostic value of periodic complexes in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Authors: Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Zerr Inga , Glatting Maya , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter , Poser Sigrid , Kretzschmar Hans A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractIn 1996, our group published objective electroencephalogram (EEG) criteria to define periodic sharp‐wave complexes (PSWCs) suggestive for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD). These criteria have since then been strictly applied in all cases reported to us as possible CJD in the course of the German CJD surveillance study. Furthermore, EEG analysis of the records was performed without any additional information on complementary clinical and laboratory data. In this study, we investigated sensitivity, specificity, and the predictive values of these EEG criteria exclusively in cases in which autopsy confirmed (n = 150) or excluded (n = 56) CJD. EEG criteria were positive in 64% (n = 96) of the CJD cases and falsely positive in 9% (n = 5) of other dementias. The resulting figures for sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 64%, 91%, 95%, and 49%, respectively. In the falsely positive cases, Alzheimer's disease (n = 4) and vascular dementia (n = 1) were the underlying diseases. However, only in one of these five cases both clinical and EEG data would have led to the false‐positive result to diagnose probable CJD. These data prove the high diagnostic value of our objective EEG criteria in CJD. Ann Neurol 2004
Serial MRI after experimental febrile seizures: Altered T2 signal without neuronal death
Authors: Dubé Céline , Yu Hon , Nalcioglu Orhan , Baram Tallie Z. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractWhereas most febrile seizures (FSs) carry a benign outcome, a subpopulation of individuals with prolonged FSs are at risk for later temporal lobe epilepsy. Signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide early markers for changes in neuronal integrity that may promote epileptogenesis in such individuals. Here, we used serial MRIs, obtained before and at several time points after experimental prolonged FSs, to determine the prevalence and distribution of signal changes on T2‐weighted images and to investigate the pathological substrates leading to these changes. Seventy‐five percent of immature rats with experimental prolonged FSs had abnormal T2 signal enhancement at 24 hours, and 87.5% at 8 days after the seizures. The altered T2 values involved the dorsal hippocampus (75%), the piriform cortex (87.5%), and the amygdala (25%). However, these changes were not accompanied by evidence of neuronal injury or death in these regions, as assessed using the Fluoro‐Jade method. Thus, experimental prolonged FSs lead to relatively frequent abnormal MRI signal in “temporal lobe” structures. Although these changes do not signify cell death, they may denote pathological cellular processes that promote epileptogenesis. Ann Neurol 2004
Applicability of distal protection for aortocoronary vein graft interventions in clinical practice
Authors: Mathew Verghese , Lennon Ryan J. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Bresnahan John F. , Holmes David R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractPercutaneous revascularization of diseased saphenous vein grafts is associated with increased risk of adverse events, although the use of distal protection mitigates this to a significant extent. However, anatomic characteristics may preclude the use of such devices in a proportion of vein grafts intended for percutaneous treatment. We reviewed our consecutive experience of saphenous vein graft interventions from 1 May 2001 through 30 April 2002 to determine suitability for distal protection. Relevant angiographic characteristics included lesion within 5 mm of the ostium; lesion < 20 mm from the distal anastomosis; planned distal landing site of the occlusion balloon < 3 mm or > 6 mm in diameter; total occlusion of the vein graft; or lesion in a sequential vein graft distal to the first anastomosis. One hundred twenty‐seven patients (140 procedures, 147 vein grafts) were treated. One or more of the angiographic exclusion criteria for a balloon occlusion protection system existed in 57% of grafts, while 42% had exclusions for a filter device. A large number of patients with vein graft disease intended for percutaneous treatment have anatomic exclusions to available distal protection technology. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2004;63:148–151. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Late intravascular ultrasound findings of patients treated with brachytherapy for diffuse in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Hong Myeong‐Ki , Mintz Gary S. , Lee Cheol Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Seung‐Whan , Moon Dae‐Hyuk , Oh Seung‐Jun , Song Jong‐Min , Han Ki‐Hoon , Kang Duk‐Hyun , Song Jae‐Kwan , Kim Jae‐Joong , Park Seong‐Wook , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating long‐term (24‐month) effects of β‐irradiation (188Re‐MAG3‐filled balloon) using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with in‐stent restenosis (ISR). Long‐term effects of β‐irradiation on intimal hyperplasia (IH) within the stented segment and vessel and lumen dimensions of nonstented adjacent segments in patients with ISR have not been sufficiently evaluated. Two‐year follow‐up IVUS was performed in 30 patients with patent ISR segments at 6‐month follow‐up angiography. Serial IVUS images were acquired at five equidistant intrastent sites and at three different reference segment sites. IH burden (%) was defined as 100 × (IH/stent area). Mean intrastent IH area and IH burden significantly increased between 6 and 24 months, from 2.1 ± 1.1 to 2.6 ± 1.4 mm2 (P < 0.001) and from 26% ± 10% to 33% ± 14% (P < 0.001), respectively. There was a significant decrease of mean external elastic membrane (from 10.1 ± 3.9 to 9.7 ± 3.9 mm2; P = 0.015) and lumen area (from 5.6 ± 2.3 to 5.1 ± 2.3 mm2; P = 0.021) within distal reference segments between 6 and 24 months. Target lesion revascularization (TLR) was performed in six patients (20%) between 6 and 24 months after β‐irradiation therapy. There were no significant differences between TLR and non‐TLR groups except for a smaller minimum lumen area at 24 months in the TLR group. Because of a small amount of late loss between 6 and 24 months, most irradiated ISR vessel segments remained stable for up to 2 years. However, quantitative evidence of late catch‐up was evident in most patients and was significantly associated with 24‐month TLR in some patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:208–214. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Major noncardiac surgery following coronary stenting: When is it safe to operate?
Authors: Sharma Arvind K. , Ajani Andrew E. , Hamwi Shadi M. , Maniar Parimal , Lakhani Shilen V. , Waksman Ron , Lindsay Joseph 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe optimal timing for elective noncardiac surgery (NCS) after coronary stenting is uncertain. We identified 47 patients who underwent elective NCS within 90 days of coronary stent placement between January 1995 and December 2000. Twenty‐seven patients had NCS within 3 weeks of coronary stenting. Six of the seven in whom thienopyridine antiplatelet therapy was discontinued died postoperatively in a manner suggestive of stent thrombosis. In contrast, only 1 of the 20 patients in whom the thienopyridine was continued through the NCS died. The frequency of perioperative hemorrhage was similar whether or not the antiplatelet agent was continued. Only 1 perioperative death occurred in the 20 patients with NCS more than 3 weeks following stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:141–145. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct coronary stenting by transradial approach: Rationale and technical issues
Authors: Burzotta Francesco , Hamon Martial , Trani Carlo , Kiemeneij Ferdinand 
Published: September 2004

AbstractDirect stent implantation using radial approach represents to date the less invasive, less traumatic strategy to perform a percutaneous coronary intervention, rendering its adoption an attraction for many interventional cardiologists. A growing series of reports suggests the feasibility of transradial direct stenting in a variety of clinical situations. Here we discuss the main advantages of the adoption of this technique. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the technical issues specifically related with each phase of transradial direct stenting procedures is reported. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:215–219. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.