bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Synthesis of Dibutyl Itaconate from Biomass Derived Acid via Esterification Reaction over Hierarchical Zeolite H-BEA Catalysts
Authors: Lodhi Aayushi , Dalai Ajay , Maheria Kalpana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current study concentrates on the synthesis of dibutyl itaconate (DBI) via esterification reaction of itaconic acid (ITA) and n-butanol over the synthesized novel hierarchical zeolite and the parent H-BEA acid catalysts. ITA is among the top platform scaffolds which are derived from biomass. DBI, has numerous industrial applications as, plasticizers, gelation accelerators, lubricants, antirust additives, adhesives, detergent additives etc. In the present study, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) surfactant is used as a structure directing agent and yeast as an additional modifier to create hierarchical zeolite H-BEA. Several characterization techniques [XRD, SEM-EDX, N2-sorption isotherms, NH3-TPD, FT-IR, solid-state NMR (27Al, 29Si, 1H)] were used to characterise the synthesized hierarchical structure involving both, microporosity and mesoporosity. Under optimal reaction conditions, hierarchical zeolite shows a higher % ITA yield as compared to its counterpart, parent H-BEA zeolite catalyst. This may be attributed to the enhanced physicochemical and catalytic properties of the resulting hierarchical zeolite catalyst.
Reverse effect of Wavelets on ES and ARIMA Models using electricity demand time series data
Authors: Kumar Mohit , Kumar Jatinder 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For effective energy management and resource planning, accurate electricity demand forecasts are essential. Time series forecasting methods like Exponential Smoothing (ES) and ARIMA models have grown popular recently because of their capacity to identify complex seasonal trends in data [1]. This study aims to compare the performance of different wavelet families in conjunction with ES and ARIMA models for electricity demand forecasting and we are able to see the reverse effect of wavelet. The evaluation of the forecasting models is performed using multiple performance metrics called as KPIs measures such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Mean Absolute Scale Error (MASE). The results are compared to assess the accuracy and effectiveness of different wavelets in improving the forecasting performance of ES and ARIMA models. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the applicability of wavelet-based approaches for electricity demand forecasting.
Widespread link between DNA-packing density distribution and TAD boundary locations
Authors: MENG Luming , SHEONG Fu Kit , LUO Qiong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

DNA is heterogeneously packaged into chromatin, which are further organized into Topologically associating domains (TADs) with sharp boundaries. The locations of TAD boundaries are critical for gene regulation. Here, we investigate whether the distribution of DNA-packing density along chromatin has an impact on the TAD boundary locations. We develop a polymer-physics-based model that utilizes DNA-accessibility data to parameterize DNA-packing density along chromosomes, treating them as heteropolymers, and simulates the stochastic folding of these heteropolymers within the nucleus to yield a conformation ensemble. Such an ensemble accurately reproduces a subset (over 36%) of TAD boundaries in human cells at a genome-wide scale, as confirmed by Hi-C data. Additionally, it faithfully reproduces the spatial distance matrices of 2-Mb genomic regions as provided by FISH experiments. Furthermore, our model demonstrates that utilizing solely DNA-accessibility data as input is already adequate to predict the emergence and disappearance of crucial TADs during early T cell differentiation. These results establish a link between DNA-packing density distribution and TAD boundary positions, complementing existing models and uncovering aspects of genome organization beyond molecular processes such as loop extrusion and phase separation. In the future, integrating these models offers promising avenues for understanding intricate genome organization.
Heat stress releases arachidonic acid to induce autophagy in Sertoli cells by enhancing ROS-mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis
Authors: Hu Yu , Luo NanJian , Gan Lu , Xue HongYan , Zhang JiaoJiao , Wang XianZhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a key factor in determining testis size and sperm number, Sertoli cells (SCs) play a crucial role in male infertility. Under heat stress (HS), the reduction of SCs counts will negatively impact energy transport and supply to germ cells, leading to the spermatogenesis failure in humans and animals. However, how HS affects the number of SCs remains unclear. To address this, we hypothesized that the changes in SC metabolism could contribute to the adverse effects of HS. In this study, we first found that arachidonic acid (AA), an unsaturated fatty acid, was upregulated post HS exposure through LC-MS/MS metabolome detection. By measuring ROS and MDA levels, as well as expression levels of LC3, LAMP2 and P62, we showed that 100 µM of AA negatively affected the morphology of the testis and accelerated mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum damage in association with activating oxidative stress (OS). In line with this, we also observed an adverse effect of AA under HS on the accumulation of Ca2+, the increased expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) proteins Complex I, II, V, as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) unfolding proteins P-IRE1 and P-PERK. However, pretreatment with 5mM NAC (ROS inhibitor), 150 nM Rotenone (mitochondrial stress inhibitor), and 2.5 mM 4-PBA (ERS inhibitor) could reversed the autophagy induced by AA. Together, it is likely that AA modulates autophagy in SCs through ROS-mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum stress axis during HS, which may help to unravel the underlying mechanisms behind male infertility caused by high temperatures.
Selective Adsorption of Methyl Orange Dye by Novel Synthetic Crosslinked-Polydopamine/Polyaniline Nanoparticles
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohammad Reza , Haddadi-Asl Vahid , Ahmadi Hanie , Moussaei Majid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel technique known as water-in-water emulsion was utilized to synthesize the cross-linked nanoparticles of polydopamine@polyaniline (CPDA@PANI). The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated their ability to selectively adsorb methyl orange (MO) from aqueous media. Solution pH and contact time are the influential factors employed to ascertain the optimal conditions for organic dye adsorption. Both pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were utilized to fit the adsorption kinetics. Four isothermal adsorption models were used to find the adsorption kinetics model, including Dubnin-Radushkevich, Temkin, Freundlich, and Harkins-Jura. The results revealed that the nanoparticles presented a higher adsorption capacity of 114.48 mgr/gr in acidic medium than in alkaline conditions with dye removal efficiency of 95.4%. This phenomenon can be explained by protonating PANI, which leads to a strong electrostatic attraction between amino and imine groups with MO. By conforming to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, the adsorption kinetics process displayed a favorable fit, and it was found that the Freundlich isotherm model was more effective for monitoring and assessing adsorption behavior than other available models. It can be derived from this analysis that the absorption of the dye in CPDA@PANI nanoparticles can be categorized as a single-layer adsorption process with homogeneous absorption sites on the nanoparticles.
A novel 1D model approach to optimize the entrainment ratio of a steam ejector and introducing novel definitions of ejector efficiency
Authors: akbarnejad saeed , ZIABASHARHAGH Masoud 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel 1D model approach to optimize a steam ejector entrainment ratio. New definitions of ejector efficiency are defined and the increase in ejector efficiency is studied using this novel 1D model approach. Based on this novel 1D model, an ejector is designed for specified boundary conditions for which CFD entrainment ratio results are available. The ejector's dimensions and geometry are calculated. Based on the main dimensions extracted from the theoretical 1D model, dozens of geometries and dimensions were used to calculate the entrainment ratio using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As compared to previous literature, the optimal design had a significantly higher entrainment ratio. The entrainment ratio closely approximated the theoretical maximum entrainment ratio as determined by the innovative 1D model approach, given the identical boundary conditions.This paper introduces innovative definitions of ejector efficiency. These definitions can be used to evaluate how well an ejector is designed and how far it can be improved.
ChatGPT versus Human Essayists: An Exploration of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence for Authorship and Academic Integrity in the Humanities
Authors: Revell Tom , Yeadon Will , Cahilly-Bretzin Glenn , Clarke Isabella , Manning George , Jones Jasmine , Mulley Clare , Pascual Rafael , Bradley Natasha , Thomas Daniel , Leneghan Francis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Generative AI has prompted educators to reevaluate traditional teaching and assessment methods. This study examines AI’s ability to write essays analysing Old English poetry; human markers assessed and attempted to distinguish them from authentic analyses of poetry by first-year undergraduate students in English at the University of Oxford. Using the standard UK University grading system, AI-written essays averaged a score of 60.46, whilst human essays achieved 63.57, a margin of difference not statistically significantly significant (p = 0.10). Notably, student submissions applied a nuanced understanding of cultural context and secondary criticism to their close reading, while AI essays often described rather than analysed, lacking depth in the evaluation of poetic features, and sometimes failing to properly recognise key aspects of passages. Distinguishing features of human essays included detailed and sustained analysis of poetic style, as well as spelling errors and lack of structural cohesion. AI essays, on the other hand, exhibited a more formal structure and tone but sometimes fell short in incisive critique of poetic form and effect. Human markers correctly identified the origin of essays 79.41% of the time. Additionally, AI-generated text detection from GPTZero revealed statistically significant (α = 0.01) differences in Perplexity and Burstiness between AI and human essays. However, given the high threshold for academic misconduct, conclusively determining origin remains challenging. The research also highlights the potential benefits of generative AI’s ability to advise on structuring essays and suggesting avenues for research. We advocate for transparency regarding AI’s capabilities and limitations, and this study underscores the importance of human critical engagement in teaching and learning in Higher Education. As AI’s proficiency grows, educators must reevaluate what authentic assessment is, and consider implementing dynamic, holistic methods to ensure academic integrity.
Regional climate projections of daily extreme temperatures in Argentina applying statistical downscaling to CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Authors: Balmaceda-Huarte Rocio , Olmo Matias Ezequiel , Bettolli Maria Laura 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Argentina is a wide country with a variety of climates, where an increase in mean and extreme temperatures is currently on-going, demanding regional climate information to design and implement effective strategies for climate change adaptation. In this regard, the use of Empirical Statistical Downscaling (ESD) procedures can help providing tailored climate information. In this work, a set of ESD models were tested to generate plausible regional climate projections for daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tx, Tn) in Argentina. ESD models were applied to an ensemble of CMIP5 and CMIP6 global circulation models (GCMs) to downscale historical and future worst-case scenarios. The plausibility of the ESD projections was analysed by comparing them with their driving GCMs and with CORDEX regional climate models (RCMs). Generally, all ESD models added value during the historical period, in mean values as well as in extreme indices, especially for Tx. The climate projections depicted an extended signal of warming (both in the mean and in the frequency of extremes), consistent between all simulations (GCMs, RCMs and ESD) and strongest over northern Argentina. ESD models showed potential to produce plausible projections, although, depending on the technique considered (for Tx) and the predictor configurations (for Tn), differences in the change rates were identified. Nevertheless, the uncertainty in future changes was considerably reduced by RCMs and ESD when compared to their driving GCMs. Overall, this study evidences the potential of ESD in a climate change context and contributes to the assessment of the uncertainty on the future Argentine climate.
Training caregivers of dementia patients in occupational therapy: Impact of a digital cognitive and auditory intervention program
Authors: Hohenberg Gregor , Ostermann Thomas , Ehlers Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Dementia causes a physical and mental strain on both the patient and the caregiver. While occupational therapy offers a valuable contribution to alleviating this strain, the increasing number of patients with dementia is not matched by a respective number of occupational therapists. Training programs to enable caregivers in occupational therapy techniques may provide a solution to this problem. The aim of this study is to employ a digital training program for caregivers of dementia patients via telemedicine to activate them as co-therapists.Methods An activating program was designed that incorporates aspects of cognitive stimulation therapy and audio therapy. Co-therapists are trained online by a certified occupational therapist. The co-therapists may be either relatives of dementia patients or unrelated to the patient. The co-therapist executing the occupational therapy program in the patient’s home is supported by other co-therapists via telemedicine and through weekly group meetings.Discussion Preparing caregivers for occupational therapy interventions via telemedicine may be a feasible approach to improve dementia care. Future studies must evaluate the direct effects of this intervention on the health of both the patient and the caregiver.Trial Registration The trial will be registered retrospectively.
Determinants of hospital readmissions in older people with dementia: A narrative review
Authors: Browne Bria , Ali Khalid , Ford Elizabeth , Tabet Naji 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Over 50% of hospitalised older people with dementia have multimorbidity, and are at an increased risk of hospital readmission within 30 days from discharge. Between 20-40% of these readmissions may be preventable. Current research focuses on the physical causes of readmissions. However, older people with dementia have additional psychosocial factors that are likely to increase the risk of readmissions. This narrative review aimed to identify psychosocial determinants for hospital readmissions, within the context of known physical factors.
Methods
Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsychInfo were searched from inception until July 2022. Quantitative and qualitative studies in English including adults aged 65 years and over with dementia, their care workers and informal carers were considered if they investigated hospital readmissions. An inductive approach was adopted to map the determinants of readmissions. Identified themes were described as narrative categories.
Results
Sixteen studies including 7,194,878 participants met our inclusion criteria from a total of 4736 articles. Fifteen quantitative studies included observational cohorts and randomised controlled trial designs, and one study was qualitative. Nine studies were based in the USA, and one study each from Taiwan, Australia, Canada, Sweden, Japan, Denmark, and The Netherlands. Large hospital and insurance records provided data on over 2 million patients in one American study. Physical determinants included reduced mobility and accumulation of long-term conditions. However, identified psychosocial determinants were restricted to inadequate hospital discharge planning, limited interdisciplinary collaboration, and socioeconomic inequalities among ethnic minorities. Other important psychosocial factors such as loneliness, poverty and mental well-being, were not included in the studies.
Conclusion
Poorly defined roles and responsibilities of health and social care professionals and poor communication during care transitions increase the risk of readmission in older people with dementia. These identified psychosocial determinants are likely to significantly contribute to readmissions. Frequent use of antipsychotic medications might also explain the interplay between physical and psychosocial determinants. However, future research should also focus on the understanding of the interaction between a host of psychosocial and physical determinants, and multidisciplinary interventions across care settings to reduce hospital readmissions.
WITHDRAWN: Relationship between skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra with infection risk and long-term prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Wang Juan , Bai Jinjia , Wang Huimin , Xu Guofen , Yao Ruoyu , Zhang Wenrui , Wang Han , Ren Xiaojing , Yao Jia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
ObjectiveInfection is a major cause of increased mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). This study aims to examine the potential correlation of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3-SMI) with infections among ACLF patients and to evaluate its impact on the long-term survival.
MethodsThis retrospective study included 126 patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) and were diagnosed with ACLF at our center between December 2017 and December 2021. L3-SMI was calculated using CT, and the clinical and biochemical data as well as MELD scores were also collected, so as to analyze the relationship between L3-SMI and infections in ACLF patients and the impact on long-term prognosis.
Results Of the 126 ACLF patients enrolled, 50 had infections. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, both L3-SMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81 - 0.97, P = 0.011) and hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 8.20, 95% CI= 1.70 - 39.59, P = 0.009) were independently associated with the risk of infection development. The overall survival (OS) estimates were obtained using Kaplan-Meier curves, and it was found that patients in the lowest tertile of L3-SMI had significantly lower 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates than those in the highest tertile (P = 0.014; log-rank test).
ConclusionsLow L3-SMI is an independent risk factor for the development of infections and significantly influences the long-term survival in ACLF patients.
Selective omission of sentinel lymph node biopsy in mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ: Identifying eligible candidates
Authors: Bae Soong June , Kook Yoonwon , Jang Ji Soo , Baek Seung Ho , Moon Sohyun , Kim Jung Hyun , Lee Seung Eun , Kim Min Ji , Ahn Sung Gwe , Jeong Joon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is recommended for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing mastectomy, given the concerns regarding upstaging and technical difficulties of postmastectomy SLNB. However, this may lead to potential overtreatment, considering favorable prognosis and deescalation trends in DCIS. Data regarding upstaging and axillary lymph node metastasis among these patients remain limited.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed patients with DCIS who underwent mastectomy with SLNB or axillary lymph node dissection at Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2010 and December 2021. To explore the feasibility of omitting SLNB, we assessed upgrade rates to invasive carcinoma and axillary lymph node metastasis. Binary Cox regression analysis was performed to identify clinicopathologic factors associated with upstaging and axillary lymph node metastasis.
Results
Among 385 patients, 164 (42.6%) experienced an invasive carcinoma upgrade: microinvasion, pT1, and pT2 were confirmed in 53 (13.8%), 97 (25.2%), and 14 (3.6%) patients, respectively. Seventeen (4.4%) patients had axillary lymph node metastasis. Multivariable analysis identified age ≤50 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–17.62; p = 0.018) and suspicious axillary lymph nodes on radiologic evaluation (OR, 10.67; 95% CI, 3.58–31.81; p <0.001) as independent factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis. Among patients aged >50 years with no suspicious axillary lymph nodes, only two (1.7%) experienced axillary lymph node metastasis.
Conclusions
Although underestimation of the invasive component was relatively high among patients with DCIS undergoing mastectomy, axillary lymph node metastasis was rare. Our findings suggest that omitting SLNB may be feasible for patients over 50 without suspicious axillary lymph nodes on radiologic evaluation.
Neuromuscular organization of the benthic ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis
Authors: Mohri Kurato , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ctenophora is the earliest metazoan taxon with neurons and muscles. Recent studies have described genetic, physiological, and cellular characteristics of the neural and muscular systems of this phylogenically important lineage. However, despite the ecological diversity of ctenophore niches, including both pelagic and benthic forms, studies have focused predominantly on pelagic species. In this study, we describe neural and muscular architectures of the benthic ctenophore, Vallicula multiformis (Order Platyctenida), employing immunohistochemical analysis to compare it to pelagic species. In V. multiformis, which lacks characteristic comb rows seen in pelagic ctenophores, neural structures that develop beneath the comb were not detected, whereas the subepithelial and tentacle neural networks exhibited considerable similarity to those of pelagic species. Despite significant differences in morphology and lifestyle, muscle organization in V. multiformis closely resembles that of pelagic species. Detailed analysis of neuropeptide-expressing neurons unveiled a neural architecture composed of various neural subtypes. This included widely distributed subepithelial neural networks (SNNs) and neurosecretory cells located primarily in the peripheral region. The consistent distribution patterns of the VWYa-positive SNN and tentacle nerves between V. multiformis and the pelagic species, Bolinopsis mikado, suggest evolutionarily conserved functionality of these neurons in the Ctenophora. In contrast, NPWa-positive neurons, which extend neurites connecting the apical organ and comb rows in B. mikado, showed a neurite-less neurosecretory cell morphology in this flattened, sessile species. Shared characteristics and variations in neural and muscular architectures among benthic and pelagic ctenophore species offer valuable insights for unraveling the biology of this rapidly evolving yet enigmatic metazoan lineage. These findings also provide important insight into neural control modalities required in early evolutionary processes of metazoans.