bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Headache: Transcranial Doppler Assessment of Dynamic Cerebral Circulatory Changes During Hypocapnia and Attack
Authors: Shen Jie Ming , Johnsen Hans‐Jørgen , Juul Roar 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTranscranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) investigations have been carried out in cluster headache patients (8 during remission and 6 during bout) and 14 healthy subjects, to assess cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) to hypocapnia induced by voluntary hyperventilation. VMR was expressed as the relative change in blood flow velocity (V) (%) as a function of the reduction in end‐tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) (kPa), i.e. V/PETCO2. TCD with simultaneous PETCO2 monitoring, was also performed in 5 patients during spontaneous attacks.Prior to hyperventilation, there was bilaterally lower anterior cerebral artery velocity (VACA) during the bout than during remission (P <0.05 on the symptomatic side), and also lower than in the controls. During remission, VACA was higher on the symptomatic side than on the other side (P <0.05). ACA also showed a lower VMR during the bout than during remission, and it was also lower than in controls (bout vs. remission on the non‐symptomatic side, P <0.01; on the symptomatic side, P > 0.1). Approximately 30 minutes after the onset of attack, PETCO2 started to decrease gradually from 4.65 to 4.10 kPa in one patient with severe attack. The VACA decreased markedly and bilaterally already at an early stage of the attack, i.e. prior to the hyperventilation. Middle cerebral artery velocity tended to decrease 30 minutes after the onset of attack on the symptomatic side, and 50 minutes after onset on the non‐symptomatic side. It is concluded that the vascular hanges observed most likely are secondary phenomena during the cluster headache attack.
Embolization of a Tentorial Dural Arterio‐Venous Fistula Presenting as Atypical Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Ott D. , Bien S. , Krasznai L. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISA patient with a tentorial dural AV fistula causing atypical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) successfully treated by embolization is reported. The patient developed persisting throbbing facial pain in the distribution of the secondand third division of the right trigeminal nerve (V2,V3) after a history of typical neuralgia for one year, preceded by a two month spell of TN 6 years previously and accompanied by right‐sided pulsatile tinnitus for 10 years. The patient's mother, brother and sister were also said to be affected by typical trigeminal neuralgia.A right‐sided dilated vein of Rosenthal due to a dural AV fistula fed by branches of the meningeal, occipital and meningo‐hypophyseal trunk of the internal carotid artery was thought to cause trigeminal nerve compression. Complete resolution of symptoms after partial intra‐arterial embolization of the main feeding arteries with N‐butyroacrylate is described.
Prevalence of Headache in a Representative Sample of the Population in a French Department (Haute‐Vienne ‐ Limousin)
Authors: Munoz M. , Dumas M. , Boutros‐Toni F. , Coquelle D. , Nicolas A. , Ndzanga E. , Boa F. , Vallat J.M. , Dartigues J.F. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn 1986–1987, a neuroepidemiologic survey was undertaken to study the prevalence of the most frequently encountered neurologic disorders, and in particular headache, in a representative sample of the population in the Haute‐Vienne Department(Limousin). A door‐to‐door survey was made using a protocol developed by the W.H.O. at the beginning of the 1980's. Thecalculated prevalences (according to Poisson's distribution) per 100,000 inhabitants were 5,059 for non migraine headache,and 4,270 for migraine headache. This disorder preferentially affected young adults and essentially involved females. It wasthe most frequently encountered disorder (50%) during the different surveys of similar methodology.
Disruption of the Immunopeptidergic Network in Dietary Migraine
Authors: Martelletti Paolo , Stirparo Giuseppe , Rinaldi Cristina , Frati Luigi , Giacovazzo Mario 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThis investigation is devoted to the study of the time‐course of a cytokines panel (IL‐4, IL‐6, IFN‐gamma,GM‐CSF) in plasma samples from migraine patients. The data obtained during challenged migraine crises was compared to the baseline values. Time‐data series analysis showed a fall after a challenge test for IL‐4 and IL‐6 plasma levels and an opposite trend for gamma‐IFN and GM‐CSF levels. The implication of this phenomenon in dietary migraine is not readily evident. There may possibly be an activation of this cytokine network together with the well‐known impairment in the neuropeptidergic system, consideringthe close links between interleukins and other cytokines and the neuro‐mediators of pain, such ashistamine and 5‐HT.
Platelet Substance P and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine in Migraine and Tension‐Type Headache
Authors: Nakano Toshiya , Shimomura Tokio , Takahashi Kazuro , Ikawa Shiro 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISLevels of substance P (SP) and 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in platelets were measured in 25 patients with migraine,31 patients with tension‐type headache (TH) and 27 healthy controls. The mean concentration of SP in platelets was 355.3 pg/10 9 platelets in patients with migraine, 290.8 pg/10 9 platelets in patients with TH and 180.8 pg/10 9 platelets in the controls. The concentrations of platelet SP in the migrainous patients and in the TH patients were significantly higher than those in the controls. The mean concentration of 5‐HT in platelets was 619.7 ng/10 9 platelets in patients with migraine, 579.3 ng/10 9 platelets in patients with TH and 811.9 ng/10 9 platelets in the controls. The concentration of platelet 5‐HT in the patients with TH was significantly lower than that in the controls. The platelet SP/5‐HT ratio in the migrainous patients and in the TH patients were significantly higher than that in the controls. There was significant negative correlation between the concentrations of platelet SP and those of platelet 5‐HT. These results may support the hypothesis that SP released from the terminals of the trigeminal nerves causes migraine either through direct actions on the vessels or by releasing 5‐HT from the platelets. The high levels of platelet SP in TH patients might reflect release of SP from the pain sensory system.
Headaches and Women: Treatment of the Pregnant and Lactating Migraineur
Authors: Silberstein Stephen D. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISMigraine is a hormonally sensitive episodic headache disorder which may worsen during the first trimester, but usually improves during later pregnancy. Its treatment can be difficult because of the risks of injury to the fetus and newborn. These risks include teratogenicity, embryo mortality, fetal growth abnormalities, and perinatal effect. This paper reviews the effects of drugs on the fetus and newborn, their FDA classification, and their use during both pregnancy and lactation. Specific recommendations are given.
Intravenous Acetylsalicylic Acid Inhibits Central Trigeminal Neurons in the Dorsal Horn of the Upper Cervical Spinal Cord in the Cat
Authors: Kaube Holger , Hoskin Karen L. , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISAcetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the most commonly used substances in the treatment of headache and other pain syndromes. It is only recently that its efficacy in the treatment of acute attacks and in the prophylaxis of migraine has been proven in clinical trials. Various peripheral and central mechanisms have been proposed for the analgesic effects of acetyl‐salicylic acid and Its mode of action in migraine. The possible actions of acetylsalicylic acid in migraine include local analgesic effects, changes in cerebral serotonin turnover, modulation of antinociceptive neurons in the hypothalamus and inhibition of the release of algogenic peptides during neurogenic inflammation. In this study trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials and single unit activity of central trigeminal neurons in the dorsolateral C2 spinal cord were monitored during electrical stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in the cat. Intravenous administration of the soluble acetylsalicylic salt (acetylsalicylic lysinate, 30mg/kg) reduced the peak‐to‐peak amplitudes of somatosensory evoked potentials from 219 ± 11mV by 18% after 45 minutes and by 26% after 60 minutes. Naloxone injection (0.5 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg) did not reverse the inhibition caused by ASA. The probability of trigeminal cell tiring was reduced in 63% percent of the monitored single units. The effect was not mediated through naloxone‐sensitive opioid receptors and was independent from ASA‐induced peripheral blockade of neuropeptides during neurogenic inflammation. The non‐steroidal anti‐ inflammatory agent ketorolac (0.4mg/kg, IVI) a new cyclooxygenase inhibitor, also reduced the somatosensory evoked potentials by 30% following the same time course. The data suggest that ASA exerts inhibitory effects on central trigeminal neurons, possibly mediated through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and that these may be responsible for its effects in the treatment of migraine.
Autonomic Function Testing in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Pogacnik T. , Sega S. , Pecnik B. , Kiauta T. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISAutonomic nervous system function was studied in 62 patients with migraine. The Valsalva maneuver, deep breathing test, sustained handgrip test, orthostatic test and spectral analysis of heart rate variability in the supine and standing positions were performed in a group of 62 patients of both sexes, aged 21 to 50 years, and in an age‐matched control group of 45 healthy volunteers.Heart rate increase during sustained handgrip was significantly reduced in the headache group, when compared to the control group, while the results of the remaining cardiovascular tests did not significantly differ between the control and headache groups. In standing patients, the integrals of middle frequency bands of amplitude spectra were smaller in patients than in controls because the increase induced by standing was smaller in migraine patients. The results in patients with migraine with aura (21 patients) and migraine without aura (41 patients) did not differ significantly from each other. The same was true for the results of the female and male patients.It is concluded that sympathetic function is impaired in migraine patients.
Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania (CPH) and Hemicrania Continua: Transition From One Stage to Another
Authors: Sjaastad O. , Antonaci F. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISTwo female patients, one suffering from CPH in non‐remitting form, and the other from hemicrania continua, in the pre‐chronic (non‐continuous) stage are described. Both were followed through transitions to other stages: the CPH patient was followed from the non‐remitting stage to a long‐lasting remission, and lastly back to another chronic stage. Indomethacin was effective in all the symptomatic stages. The hemicrania continua patient was followed from the non‐continuous to the continuous stage. Indomethacin was effective in both stages. These observations provide further evidence that the non‐chronic and chronic (“remitting” and “non‐remitting”) stages of CPH belong together. The same seems to apply to the two stages of hemicrania continua, the “continuous” and the “non‐continuous” stages.
Current Emergency Treatment of Severe Migraine Headaches
Authors: Klapper Jack A. , Stanton John 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISObjective: To compare the efficacy of the combination of meperidine and hydroxyzine IM, versus dihydroergotamine and metoclopramide IV in the treatment of severe migraine headaches.Design: This was a randomized double‐blind, double‐dummy study.Setting: Established patients, whose headache had failed to respond to their usual abortive agent, were invited to an out‐patient headache clinic for the study.Patients: Twenty‐eight patients, diagnosed as suffering from either migraine headache or chronic daily headache, were screened on arrival to exclude life‐threatening causes.Intervention: Group A (14 patients) received dihydroergotamine 1mg and metoclopramide 10mg IV and a placebo injection IM, and Group B (14 patients) received meperidine 75mg and hydroxyzine 75mg IM and a placebo injection IV.Main Outcome Measures: Patients rated their headaches on a scale of 0‐3 prior to treatment and again at 30 and 60 minutes.Results: Both groups experienced improvement in headache severity. (Group A P=0.001 and Group B P=0.003). Improvement in pain scale score was greater for Group A than Group B, (P=0.006). The number of patients having s mild or no headache in Group A (13/14) was significantly greater than Group B (3/14). (P<0.001)Conclusions: The combination of dihydroergotamine and metoclopramide IV should replace the standard IM narcotic and antiemetic as the parenteral treatment of choice for severe migraine headache.
Migraine and Intracranial Vascular Malformations
Authors: Monteiro J.M. Pereira , Rosas M.J. , Correia A.P. , Vaz A.R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISThe relationships between migraine and A‐V Malformations is a subject of controversy and the arguments are mainly based on case reports and retrospective data. To clarify this subject a structured inquiry and classification of headaches in large samples of patients with intracranial vascular malformations (IVM) is essential. The authors studied the prevalence of headaches in 51 patients with IVM admitted to our Department, between 1984 and 1992. The methods used were a review of medical records followed by a self‐administered headache questionnaire and clinical interview using the IHS criteria for the diagnostic classification of headaches. The relative frequency of the different types of headaches was calculated and compared with the general population data. A correlative study of the headache characteristics with the type and location of the IVM was made. A high prevalence (47%) of migraine type headaches and a strong positive correlation (88.8%) between the site of AVM and side of the pain was found. This is highly suggestive but not conclusive of a pathophysiologic relationship between these entities. The conclusion drawn is that a prospective study of headaches by questionnaire or semi‐structured clinical interview in patients with IVM is essential to discover the effective prevalence and characteristics of headaches associated with IVM and their relationships.
Musculoskeletal Dysfunction of the Neck in Migraine and Tension Headache
Authors: Kidd Robert F. , Nelson R. 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISIn this prospective controlled study, thirty‐seven migraine and/or tension headache patients andthirty‐seven age and sex matched controls were examined for evidence of muscuIoskeletal dysfunction inthe neck. The examination consisted of clinical range of motion testing of neck rotation, sidebending,flexion and extension while in the sitting position. The headache group had more abnormal physicalfindings than the control group. Although the difference for each particular motion test, taken by itself, wasnot statistically significant, two or more abnormalities in combination was found to reach a .05 confidencelevel of significance. It is proposed therefore that musculoskeletal dysfunction of the neck is a contributingfactor to the etiology of migraine and tension headache.
Comparison of Contingent Negative Variation Between Migraine Interval and Migraine Attack Before and After Treatment With Sumatriptan
Authors: Göbel Hartmut , Krapat Susanne , Ensink Franz‐Berhard M. , Soyka Dieter 
Published: May 2005

SYNOPSISWe compared in a placebo controlled, double blind, cross‐over within‐subject design, the amplitude and area integral of contingent negative variation (CNV) using a 2 second interstimulus interval in migraine patients between attack and interval before and after treatment. The study was conducted on 14 female subjects suffering from migraine without aura. The measurements were performed in a balanced sequence at four different times on each patient, twice during the migraine interval and once in each of two migraine attacks. The CNV in the patients was measured first (baseline), then medication was administered on a double‐blind basis with an auto‐injector, using either 6 mg sumatriptan or a placebo solution. Thirty minutes after administration the CNV parameters were measured again and the changes between pre‐and post‐treatment were taken as dependent variables. CNV amplitude baseline readings did not differ significantly between the four conditions, Neither administration of placebo nor sumatriptan led to a significant change in CNV parameters independent of whether significant clinical improvement of migraine headache occurred or not. According to our findings CNV‐mechanisms between attack and interval are not subject to short‐term changes, even though a small, not significant tendency towards · decrease in CNV amplitude during migraine attacks appears to exist. Therefore, it can be assumed that changes in the systems which are depicted by CNV readings are not involved in initiating and terminating acute migraine attacks.
IMAGING: RADIOGRAPHY‐11*
Authors: Barber DonL. 
Published: May 2005

In this paper an overview of principles involved in radiographic imaging by tomography, magnification radiography, xeroradiography, and computed tomography is presented. Tomography is a method to selectively blur distracting superimposed shadows while maintaining relative image sharpness in a plane of concern. Magnification radiography is a method to directly enlarge the radiographic image by increasing object‐film distance and utilizing a small focal spot. Xeroradiography is an electrostatic imaging process that provides wide latitude and good resolution through enhanced contrast in tissues with poor inherent contrast.Computed tomography involves imaging by computer analysis of x‐ray absorption utilizing rotational x‐ray projections.
METRIZAMIDE INSUFFLATION BRONCHOGRAPHY: A NEWDIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
Authors: Cantwell H. dan , Blevins William E. 
Published: May 2005

The search for a better and safer technique for roentgenographic opacification of the canine bronchial tree led to experimentation with metrizamide insufflation. Because metrizamide may be obtained in a microparticulate powdered form, it was postulated that oxygen pressure deliver through a powder blower connected to a selective bronchial catheter would produce a diagnostic quality bronchogram. Metrizamide was used because of its biologically inert, water soluble properties.The delivery system consisted of a DeVilbiss No. 175 Powder Blower attached to an oxygen clinder with pressure regulator. A soft polyethylene catheter with flexible wire guide was used for selective bronchial catheterization under fluoroscopic control. Oxygen pressure for delivery was kept below 20 pounds/in2, and oxygen flow was controlled by a footswitch.Insufflation was performed with the animal in ventrodorsal recumbency. Three to eight grams of metrizamide were selectively delivered to the left caudal, right caudal, and accessory lung lobes in 0.5‐to 1.0 second bursts over a period of 1–5 minutes.Powder deposition in subsegmental bronchi was adequate when the insufflation catheter was placed in primary bronchi. Cranial lobe bronchi could be opacified by gravity directed flow of contrast medium‐laden bronchial mucous. Alveolarization and radiographic clearing of me‐trizamide from the pulmonary field occurred within 30 to 60 minutes.No insufflation‐induced radiographic lesions were recognized. Gross necropsy did not reveal lesions associated with insufflation. Histopathologic examination showed mild multifocal lesions of pneumonitis.
PRINCIPLES OF ULTRASOUND APPLICATION IN ANIMALS*†
Authors: Rantanen NormanW. , Ewing RbertL. 
Published: May 2005

Diagnostic ultrasound, a non‐invasive mode for imaging soft tissues, requires for its use an understanding of sound and sound‐tissue interaction physics. Ultrasound frequencies from 1.0 to 10.0 MHz are created by electrical stimulation of piezoelectric crystals. These crystals are housed within transducers, which, when applied to the body surface with a coupling agent will produce sound waves, referred to as the sound beam, which are propagated through the soft tissues of the body. When the sound beam encounters tissue interfaces of differing acoustic impedance, a portion of the sound beam is reflected back to the transducer which also acts as a receiver. Echoes returning from soft tissue acoustic interfaces are converted to electrical impulses and displayed on an oscilloscope screen as a cross section of the tissue. Lower frequency sound beams penetrate further into soft tissue, but have poorer resolving capabilities, than higher frequency sound beams.A, B, and M‐modes are the three basic forms of ultrasound used in soft tissue imaging. A‐mode ultrasonic imaging is a one‐dimensional display of echo amplitudes versus distance. B‐mode ultrasonic imaging produces an accurate two‐dimensional cross sectional image of soft tissues. M‐mode ultrasonic imaging is an adaptation of B‐mode to evaluate moving structures of the heart.Fluid‐filled cystic structures have characteristic clear (anechoic) central areas with acoustic enhancement of the back wall of the cyst and deeper structures. Solid masses have echoes in their central portion with resultant poor accentuation of deeper structures.Application of ultrasound to animals requires hair removal since trapped air is a barrier to transmission of the sound beam. Gas‐filled bowel and bone are effective barriers to ultrasonic imaging because of their large acoustic impedance differences compared to soft tissues.The position of the focal point of a focused transducer relative to tissue interfaces is important to accurately depict tissue character. For example, the focal point of the transducer should be superficial to the back wall when scanning cystic structures. When solid lesions, such as liver metastases, are scanned a focal point that lies deep to the lesion should be selected in order to accentuate sound beam attenuation.Time‐gain compensation (TGC) settings are important to produce a balanced scan with equal echo production within like tissues throughout the depth of ultrasound tissue penetration. Initial TGC settings can be made from knowledge of the focal point of the particular transducer, but may have to be adjusted during scanning to produce a balanced image.Ultrasound is an attractive imaging modality in animals since it is noninvasive and presents no known hazard to the operator or patient.
THE CANINE LATERAL THORACIC RADIOGRAPH
Authors: Spencer CrispinP. , Ackerman Norman , Burt JamesK. 
Published: May 2005

Selected structures seen on right and left lateral thoracic radiographs of 12 dogs were evaluated for differences in position, size, and shape. The size and position of the cardiac silhouette were different when thoracic radiographs made in left and right lateral recumbency were compared. These changes were, however, considered insignificant. The position of the right cranial lobe bronchus relative to the left varied in right lateral recumbency and left lateral recumbency. The right cranial lung lobe was better aerated when dogs were positioned in left lateral recumbency.Lesions seen in the caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe or the right middle lobe were masked when the affected lobe was dependent, and enhanced when the affected lung lobe was non‐dependent. It is believed that this difference occurred due to compression of the dependent lung with greater aeration of the non‐dependent lung.