bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by human herpesvirus type 8 and impaired natural killer cell activity in primary effusion lymphoma development
Authors: Sirianni Maria Caterina , Libi Fabio , Campagna Massimo , Rossi Davide , Capello Daniela , Sciaranghella Gaia , Carbone Antonino , Simonelli Cecilia , Monini Paolo , Gaidano Gianluca , Ensoli Barbara 
Published: June 2005

SummaryPrimary effusion lymphomas (PELs) are invariably infected by human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV8) and often co‐infected by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). We found that expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I) surface molecules was significantly decreased in PEL cells when compared with HHV8 negative lymphomas, irrespective of EBV infection. MHC‐I downregulation rendered PEL cells sensitive to recognition and killing by natural killer (NK) cells. Intriguingly, analysis of MHC‐I non‐restricted cytotoxicity in two PEL patients indicated a reduced NK cell activity when compared with healthy individuals. These data suggest that PEL outgrowth may require an impaired NK cell function.
The Differential Effects of Biofeedback in the Treatment of Classical and Common Migraine
Authors: Gauthier Janel , Fradet Christiane , Roberge Claude 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that patients whose headaches are usuallypreceded by prodromes would derive more benefits from biofeedback than those who do not have anywarnings. Accordingly, 39 female patients were assigned to either of two conditions: classical migraine(n=17) or common migraine (n=22) depending on the characteristics of their headaches. The classicalmigraine condition included only patients whose headaches were usually or always associated with visualprodromes while the common migraine condition included patients whose headache were never or rarelyassociated with any kind of prodromes. All patients completed 5 weeks of daily self‐monitoring ofheadache activity and medication intake before and after treatment, and at 6‐month follow‐up. Resultsshowed that patients in the classical migraine condition improved significantly more than those in thecommon migraine group. Various explanations for the differential effects of biofeedback in the treatment ofclassical and common migraine are discussed and suggestions for further research are made.
The Pain Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ): A Global Report of Pain Behavior inChronic Headache
Authors: Appelbaum Kenneth A. , Radnitz Cynthia L. , Blanchard Edward B. , Prins Annabel 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe Pain Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ), adapted from an earlier version by Philips and Hunter,1 wasadministered to 165 chronic headache patients (migraine, tension, and mixed migraine and tension) duringa pre‐treatment assessment, and asked for a retrospective report of the frequency of engaging in variouspain‐related behaviors during periods of headache. An exploratory factor analysis identified four factors:avoidance (Factor 1), complaint (Factor 2), non‐verbal complaint (Factor 3), and medication consumption(Factor 4). Additionally, the relationship between behavioral factors and a prospective index of headacheactivity was calculated. In all cases, for the entire sample, and for each diagnostic group, the correlationswere negative, indicating some lack of congruence between a measure of pain and pain behaviors. Finally,the relationship between indices of psychopathology and pain behaviors was assessed utilizing the BeckDepression Inventory (BDI), and the Trait portion of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Scores on theBDI were significantly positively correlated with Factors 1, 3 and 4. Scores on the STAI were significantlypositively correlated with all four of the behavioral factors. These results indicate that the pain experiencemay be mediated by factors other than the subjective experience of pain itself.
Tumour budding as prognostic factor in stage I/II colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Prall F , Nizze H , Barten M 
Published: June 2005

Aims : The term tumour ‘budding’ has been coined for the detachment of tumour cells from the neoplastic glands of adenocarcinomas and is presumed to be an early step in the metastatic process. A limited number of studies have shown budding to be an adverse prognostic factor.Methods and results : All primary single, non‐metachronous TNM stage I/II colorectal carcinomas without neoadjuvant treatment resected in the years 1994–1999 were included (n = 186). Tumour buds were counted in pan‐cytokeratin immunostains in a 0.785‐mm2 field of vision (250 ×). During follow‐up 21 patients had distant metastases and 12 patients died of their disease. Budding was determined at 14 and 20.46, median and mean, respectively (range 0–120). A cut‐off of 25 was found to be sensitive (0.76) and specific (0.739). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed high budding to be a strong adverse prognosticator. By Cox regression, high budding together with venous angioinvasion were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions : This study confirms the prognostic value of budding in a contemporary series of colorectal carcinomas that by TNM were low risk. Technically easy, rapid and robust to determine, budding quantified in pan‐cytokeratin stains significantly aids in the identification of high‐risk patients and is recommended for more general use in surgical pathology.
WT1 expression in angiogenic tumours of the skin
Authors: Timár J , Mészáros L , Orosz Z , Albini A , Rásó E 
Published: June 2005

Aims : To determine the expression of WT1 in endothelial proliferations and tumours. Endothelial cells are derived from angioblasts which differentiate into bone marrow stem cells (BMSC). BMSC are characterized by the constitutive expression of the WT1 gene and we have postulated that its expression may be maintained during the differentiation of angioblasts to endothelial cells.Methods and results : The expression of WT1 was studied in human umbilical vein‐derived (HUVEC) and brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBME) as well as in a Kaposi sarcoma (KS) cell line in vitro. Forty‐two human skin biopsy samples of endothelial proliferations and tumours were analysed for the protein expression of WT1 using the monoclonal antibodies for wt‐WT1 (6F‐H2) and its 17AA+ variant (2C12). WT1 expression was detectable in HUVEC and KS cells and all WT1 splice variants examined (17AA+/– KTS+/–) were detectable in KS cells, while the 17AA+/– and KTS– variants were present in HUVEC. Immunohistochemical analysis of the 42 human skin biopsy samples revealed cytoplasmic WT1 expression using wild‐type specific antibody (6FH2) in microvessels, which is maintained during neoangiogenesis (inflammation, haemorrhage, peritumoral angiogenesis). Around one‐third of haemangiomas (3/10) and non‐HIV‐Kaposi sarcomas (7/18) expressed the WT1 protein in the cytoplasm of tumour cells compared with its frequent expression in angiosarcomas (7/8) using the same antibody (6FH2). The nuclear 17AA+ isoform of WT1 was detectable at protein level in a small proportion of KS cases exclusively (3/7).Conclusion : Our data suggest that WT1 protein expression is maintained during angiogenesis and malignant transformation of endothelial cells and can be considered as a new endothelial marker.
Changing phenotype of gastrointestinal stromal tumours under imatinib mesylate treatment: a potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Pauwels P , Debiec‐Rychter M , Stul M , De Wever I , Van Oosterom A T , Sciot R 
Published: June 2005

Aims : The diagnosis of gastrointesinal stromal tumours (GISTs) is widely based on morphological features and KIT (CD117) immunoreactivity. Most patients with advanced GISTs show a major clinical response after treatment with imatinib mesylate. The histopathological features of GISTs in patients on prolonged imatinib treatment have, thus far, not been addressed in detail. In this report, we present three patients with metastatic GISTs, who received more than 1 year of therapy with imatinib, and whose tumours changed their morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics during continued treatment with the drug.Methods and results : All three primary GISTs from these patients were classical spindle‐type tumours, showing diffuse, strong CD117, CD34, and focal α‐smooth muscle actin expression. During treatment, two clinically progressive and one clinically stable GIST revealed a diffuse epithelioid, or pseudopapillary epithelioid growth pattern, characterized by rounded cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and uniform round‐to‐ovoid nuclei. In addition, GIST specimens from patients on therapy showed complete loss of CD117 immunoreactivity. Remarkably, two of these tumours also became CD34 immunonegative and in one case the progression was accompanied by desmin expression. KIT mutational analysis revealed the presence of distinct exon 11 mutant isoforms in all cases examined, while the same genotype was sustained in the base line and on‐therapy tumour specimens, proving the common origin of analysed specimens.Conclusions : GISTs subject to imatinib treatment can undergo striking (immuno)phenotypic changes, which are not necessarily corroborated by new genotypic modifications. Because these may mimic other tumour types, this feature creates a differential diagnostic challenge, of which the pathologist should be aware.
Pre‐ovulatory temperature gradients within mammalian ovaries: a review
Authors: Hunter R. H. F. , Einer‐Jensen N. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryThe existence of a temperature gradient between the testis and deep body temperature has been accepted for many years. It is based on two simultaneous principles: cooling of the testis through the scrotal wall and transfer of heat between the testicular blood vessels. The ovary is positioned in the abdomen; a temperature difference parallel to the male system therefore seems less likely. However, the temperature of large follicles has been found to be 0.5 to 1.5 °C cooler than the ovarian stroma in rabbits, pigs and, probably, women. The temperature difference seems to be based on a heat‐consuming process in the expanding follicullar fluid, and a local transfer of heat between intra‐ovarian blood vessels. The reason for the temperature gradient is not yet known; one may speculate of a common reason for the cooling of the gamete in male and female.
Effects of long‐term growth hormone‐releasing factor treatment on growth, feed conversion efficiency and dry matter intake in growing female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Mondal M. , Prakash B. S. 
Published: June 2005

SummaryEffects of long‐term growth hormone‐releasing factor (GRF) on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and dry matter intake (DMI) were studied in growing buffaloes. Twelve female Murrah buffaloes of 6–8 months of age were divided into two groups of six each on the basis of their body weights so that the average body weights of the groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Animals of each group were administered intravenously with either sterile distilled water (control group) or equal volume of GRF solution containing 10 μg GRF (1–44)‐NH2/100 kg body weight (treatment group) at fortnight interval from week 6 (5‐week pre‐treatment period) for 36 weeks (weeks 6–42 treatment period). Thereafter a 10‐week post‐treatment period was added. All the animals were weighed consecutively 2 days in a week and the average body weight of the two observations in the week was thus considered for further calculation. Dry matter intake was recorded daily. Average daily gain, FCE and DMI/100 kg body weight were also calculated. Plasma progesterone was estimated in the samples collected twice a week at 3–4‐day intervals to assess whether either group had begun ovarian cycles. It was found that ADG and FCE were higher (p < 0.01) in GRF‐treated animals during treatment and even 10‐week post‐treatment period. Interestingly, total DMI was not different (p > 0.05) between the groups during treatment period but found to be lower in GRF treated animals during post‐treatment period. The DMI/100 kg body weight was lower (p < 0.01) in GRF‐treated animals during treatment and even after cessation of treatment for 10 weeks. The GRF administration for long‐term increased (p < 0.05) plasma progesterone. Plasma progesterone concentrations suggest that no animal from either group reached puberty till the end of the experiment. In conclusion, repeated GRF administration for longer term decreased (p < 0.01) DMI/100 kg body weight and increased (p < 0.01) FCE and enabled the animals to grow faster.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in a human immunodeficiency virus‐negative patient: a case report
Authors: Kokturk Nurdan , Ekim Numan , Kervan Firdes , Arman Dilek , Memis Leyla , Çaglar Kayhan , Kalkanci Ayse , Demircan Sedat , Kurul Cuneyt , Akyurek Nalan 
Published: June 2005

Summary Cryptococcus neoformans is a widely distributed saprophytic fungus that may cause opportunistic infections in normal and immunocompromised individuals particularly in patients with HIV infection. Disseminated infection in HIV‐negative individuals is occasionally seen: a 57‐year‐old HIV‐negative Turkish female initially presented with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and a large pulmonary parenchymal nodule, eventually diagnosed with disseminated cryptococcosis and tuberculosis.
Outcome of oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction
Authors: Zhang Xun , Watson David I. , Jamieson Glyn G. , Lally Carolyn , Bessell Justin R. , Devitt Peter G. 
Published: June 2005

Background:  Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is becoming an increasingly important problem in the Western world. Its incidence is increasing and its prognosis is poor. Because most reports of outcomes following oesophagectomy include patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the outcome following oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma was evaluated at Flinders Medical Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital and associated private hospitals.Methods:  The study group consisted of 121 patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction who underwent an attempted oesophagectomy between 1985 and 2003. Thirty‐two of these patients underwent surgery before 1999 at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. These patients were reviewed retrospectively. In 1999 the recording of details of all patients undergoing oesophagectomy was commenced on a prospectively maintained database. From 1999 to 2003, 89 patients underwent oesophagectomy at either the Royal Adelaide Hospital, Flinders Medical Centre or associated private hospitals. Overall, there were 101 male and 20 female patients, with a median age at surgery of 63 years (range 36−80). Survival data were available for all patients. The present study analysed factors affecting survival in these patients.Results:  Tumours were located entirely within the oesophagus in 83 patients, and involved the gastro‐oesophageal junction in 38. Eighty‐nine underwent an Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy; 20, a cervico‐thoraco‐abdominal oesophagectomy; nine, a cervico‐abdominal oesophagectomy (with either transhiatal or blunt oesophageal dissection); and four procedures were abandoned. Sixty‐four per cent of patients had evidence of Barrett's oesophagus in the resection specimen. The overall resection rate was 97%. Significant postoperative morbidity occurred in 36%, and the in‐hospital mortality rate was 5% (30‐day mortality 3%). The overall 1‐year survival rate was 80%, and the 5‐year survival rate (including surgical deaths) was 20%. Poorer survival was associated with advanced T stage, and lymph node metastasis. The outcome following resection of tumours confined to the oesophagus was similar to that for tumours involving the gastro‐oesophageal junction. Since 2000, the number of oesophagectomies performed in men for adenocarcinoma has doubled, whereas the number performed in women and for squamous cell carcinoma has remained constant.Conclusions:  Oesophagectomy can be performed for patients with adenocarcinoma with an acceptable perioperative mortality rate. However, the longer term outlook following oesophagectomy for most patients with adenocarcinoma remains poor. Nevertheless, early stage tumours are associated with much better survival. For this reason, efforts to diagnose this disease at an early stage are likely to offer the best chance for improving outcomes.
Oncological outcome of 100 laparoscopic radical nephrectomies for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheung Man‐Chiu , Lee Yee‐Mun , Rindani Rahul , Lau Howard 
Published: June 2005

Background:  Laparoscopic renal surgery is now accepted within the urological community and its indication is extended to oncological operation. The oncological outcome and survival of patients undergoing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma were evaluated.Methods:  From October 1998 to July 2003, 100 patients underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. All operations were performed by transperitoneal approach with early vascular control. Perioperative events and pathological data were recorded prospectively. Patients were followed up by clinical examination, chest radiograph, ultrasonography and/or computed tomography where appropriate.Results:  The median age of patients was 61 years. Median operating time was 120 min and blood loss was 100 mL. There were five open conversions. There was no perioperative mortality but 11 patients had complications. Resection margins were clear in all but one patient. The median tumour size was 4.6 cm. The median follow‐up time was 30 months. All patients survived up to the date of review. No patient developed port‐site recurrence but two patients had recurrence at the renal bed 1 year after the operation. Five patients developed distant metastases involving liver, lung and bone.Conclusion:  Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a safe and efficacious treatment option for clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. The intermediate‐term oncological outcome appears favourable.
Measures of Forehead and Finger Temperature, Frontalis EMG, Heart Rate and Finger Pulse Amplitude During and Between Migraine Headaches
Authors: McArthur David L. , Cohen Michael J. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISFinger and head temperature, frontalis electromyography (EMG), heart rate, and finger pulse amplitude (FPA) were measured from eight migraine headache patients both during and between migraine headaches. T‐tests for correlated measures revealed significant differences between the headache‐present and headache‐free states in frontalis EMG and finger pulse amplitude, but not in the measures of temperature or heart rate. During headaches EMG was 260% greater while finger pulse amplitude constricted to about 25% of the headache‐free estimates.
Leucocyte Histamine Release in Migraine
Authors: Sanders William M. , Zimmerman Andrew W. , Mahoney Mark A. , Ballow Mark 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISAlthough histamine has been suggested as a possible vasoactive mediator in the pathogenesis of migraine, the mechanism of histamine release and its exact role in the pathophysiology of migraine is unclear. The spontaneous release of histamine from plasma‐free leucocyte suspensions was examined in 9 patients with 5 types of migraine. The patients were 7 to 46 years of age and had migraine for 1 to 17 years. All were symptom‐free for at least one week before the study and none had a history of food allergy. Nine control individuals (2–32 years old) had other types of headache, seizure disorders, or other medical problems.The mean spontaneous histamine release (SHR) was 73.7% ± 14.88 by leucocytes from migraine patients and 22.8% ± 11.67 in control patients (p<0.001). These preliminary findings indicate that the SHR assay may be a useful clinical marker for migraine and may provide additional information on the pathogenesis of migraine.
MMPI Patterns in Common Headache Disorders
Authors: Sternbach Richard A. , Dalessio Donald J. , Kunzel Minerva , Bowman Gerald E. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISThe results of the study support the findings that vascular headache patients obtain lower MMPI scores than do muscle contraction and mixed headache patients. We suggest that this may be due to more frequent and longer pain‐free intervals. We also note a tendency for male muscle contraction headache patients to be somewhat more morally self‐righteous than the other categories, but this finding requires confirmation. Comparisons between these headache patients (all categories) and 50,000 general medical patients showed the former to obtain scores markedly greater than the latter on most scales; this also may reflect greater duration and severity of subjective distress.
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment of Chronic Headache
Authors: Bakal Donald A. , Demjen Stefan , Kaganov Judith A. 
Published: June 2005

SYNOPSISA cognitive behavioral treatment study based on 45 chronic headache patients is presented. The sample included patients who had been diagnosed as suffering from muscle contraction, migraine or combined muscle contraction‐migraine headaches. The treatment procedure followed Meichenbaum's cognitive theory of self‐control and had, as its theoretical basis, a psychobiological model of headache. Patients were given individual training in the use of behavioral and cognitive techniques which were designed to modify the sensations, thoughts, and feelings identified by the patients as forming part of their headache syndrome. Treatment effectiveness was examined in relation to a number of topographical characteristics of each patient's headache pattern. The topographical data were collected with a self‐observation record which provided information with respect to: duration of attacks, intensity of pain, time of onset, proportion of attacks associated with various head pain locations, presence of associated headache symptoms and medication usage.The results showed a significant overall treatment effect that was maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. An analysis of covariance revealed that the treatment gains were similar across diagnostic groups. Treatment gains were also found to be largely independent of the headache parameters obtained from the self‐observation record. Head pain locations and symptoms thought to be diagnostic of migraine and muscle contraction headache were not predictive of response to treatment. However, it was observed that headache patients who experienced continuous or near‐continuous pain during their waking hours were not responsive to the treatment procedure. The significance of these findings for the behavioral management of headache is discussed along with their significance for understanding the psychobiological processes controlling chronic headache.The authors wish to express their gratitude to Merleen Hodgson for her contributions to this project.