bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain sensor based on polyurethane/carbon nanotube elastic conductive spiral yarn with high strain range and sensitivity
Authors: Nie Hao , Chen Zhengwen , Tang Haoming , Ren Yu , Liu Wanwan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWearable flexible electronic strain sensor devices have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential for detecting human motion in various scenarios. However, the development of strain sensors with high sensitivity across a wide range of strains remains a major challenge. We present herein a novel strain sensor based on a graded structure thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite yarn with significantly enhanced mechanical performance imparted by the designed structure. The twisted CNTs/TPU spiral yarn demonstrated a fracture elongation of up to 1066% while maintaining charge conductivity under high‐strain conditions. Moreover, it exhibited sensitive changes in resistance versus tensile strain, excellent repeatability, and stability. As a strain sensor, it achieved a gauge factor (GF) of 67.2 within a strain range below 50%, reaching 51.7 in a strain range exceeding 150%. With a fast response time of 0.12 s, it enabled accurate identification of movements in different body parts. These findings highlight the broad application potential of the designed spiral yarn strain sensor in areas such as human motion monitoring and human–computer interaction.Highlights
Prepares a flexible strain sensor with graded‐structure (CNT‐fiber‐yarn).
Shows high sensitivity and a wide strain response range
Reveals the conductive model of strain sensor.
Self‐healing polymers for aviation applications and their impact on circular economy
Authors: Pandey Sanjiv Kumar , Mishra Sunidhi , Ghosh Sourav , Rohan Rupesh , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPolymers have swiftly replaced conventional metallic materials in aviation due to their lightweight and easy processability. Usages of polymers are presently mostly limited to non‐critical components. Flight safety is paramount in aviation and overrides all other factors. The aviation industry is averse to the usage of polymeric materials in critical component applications owing to the nature of failure being catastrophic. The review has covered various polymeric component failures and their root cause reasons. To overcome the inherent weakness in polymers currently used, a strategy to mimic nature is being explored by researchers. Self‐healing polymers can overtake metals if coupled with safe fail technology. Such materials have additional advantages in terms of enhanced longevity and ultimate life cycle. This review critically analyzed various factors driving research and development of self‐healing material for aviation applications. Various extrinsic and intrinsic self‐healing materials have been reviewed in the present work. Composites with an extrinsic self‐healing mechanism possess good healability and strength and can potentially replace current materials. Further, candidate polymeric materials with intrinsic self‐healing capability for the aviation field are extensively reviewed. Various aviation‐grade polymers like epoxy, Poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and elastomeric materials with possible chemistries of intrinsic healing like Diel‐Alder reaction, Shape memory assisted self‐healing and covalently adaptable networks have been critically examined. Authors believe that extrinsic self‐healing technology is mature enough for use in the secondary structure of aircraft. At the same time, present technologies of intrinsic materials are not mature enough for flight safety reasons in aircraft; however, they are candidate materials for UAVs. Fast‐growing aviation field, coupled with the entry of UAVs, calls for environmentally sustainable material support. Therefore, this review explores materials within the sphere of high mechanical properties coupled with a low environmental impact.
Characteristics of the 3D‐printed composite material in different raster orientations under thermal effects
Authors: Fan Fang‐Yu , Lin Wei‐Chun , Huang Chiung‐Fang , Shen Yung‐Kang , Lai Jing‐Shiuan , Wang Liping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this study, polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were used to fabricate composite materials with different raster orientations by a 3D printing process. The idea of this study came from the fact that in nature, many plants have vertical or horizontal lines on their leaves or branches. The authors made use of the composite material of a material structure under a thermal effect to achieve the material concept. Finally, their characteristics were observed by applying a thermal effect, tensile tests (to evaluate toughness), and a dynamic mechanical analysis (tan δ to evaluate energy absorption). After a thermal effect (temperature) from a heat source was applied, it was found that the material exhibited negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) characteristic. A single material with two layers on 00 raster orientation of a material in this study had the maximum tan δ (energy absorption), an NPR, and toughness regardless of the kind of material. Among the composite materials, 0° raster orientation of them also had a larger NPR, and the absolute value of Poisson's ratio decreased as the temperature increased.Highlights
The innovative two‐layer composite material fabricated by 3D printing.
The material characteristics with various raster orientations are discussed.
PLA0 has the largest tan δ, toughness, and negative Poisson's ratio.
Sterilization effect and mechanism exploration of a mode‐combination method on Staphylococcus aureus in thick ice layers in a large sealed freezer
Authors: Chen Min , Liu Dingxin , Wang Zifeng , Zhang Jishen , Lin Jiao , Zhao Pengyu , Li Tianhui , Zhang Hao , Guo Li , Rong Mingzhe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCold‐chain transport is a crucial cross‐regional transmission pathway for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other microorganisms. In this study, the mode‐combination method is adopted for sterilization in a 1.138 m3 freezer by mixing effluent gases of NOx and O3 mode air discharges. The mixed gas can effectively inactivate Staphylococcus aureus in 10 mm ice within 3 h, which significantly surpasses O3 gas. Moreover, the inactivation effect of the mixed gas can penetrate deep into ice, contrasting with the surface effect of O3 gas. This disparity is linked to the difference in penetration depth of strong oxidizing long‐lived reactive species. This study validates the sterilization efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma in practical cold‐chain environment, critical for curbing infectious disease transmission.
Chronic kidney disease in Sri Lanka: Health systems challenges of patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Weerakoon D. C. R. , Siriwardana E. P. E. D. Z. , Jayasekara J. M. K. B. , Damayanthi H. D. W. T. , Dorji Thinley , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChronic kidney disease has now attained epidemic proportions, placing a significant strain on Sri Lanka's healthcare system. The North Central Province of Sri Lanka has been afflicted by this disease for decades, confronting multiple challenges. Hemodialysis is the primary form of renal replacement therapy available to end‐stage renal disease patients in Sri Lanka. Providing hemodialysis sessions free of cost in the government health sector comes with major costs on the healthcare system. As a country with a low‐to‐middle income status undergoing through reeling economic crisis, providing free healthcare in government hospitals and increasing the capacity and quality of treatment facilities for the growing number of patients with chronic kidney disease will remain a major challenge for the coming decade. The high cost for a single dialysis session, lack of resources and workforce to meet demand, occupational barriers of patients, and the economic burdens including out‐of‐pocket expenditures significant barriers in achieving quality treatment sessions and the quality of life of patients. In addition, the absence of a consistent screening program has contributed to the progression of the disease ending up requiring renal replacement therapy. This article suggests potential strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the aforementioned problems and enhance the overall health, quality of life, and survival of patients with chronic kidney disease and those who receive hemodialysis.
Promoted Overall Water Splitting Catalytic Activity and Durability of Ni3Fe Alloy by Designing N‐Doped Carbon Encapsulation
Authors: Jeong Dong In , Lee Ui Young , Kim Hyunchul , Bang Hyeon‐Seok , Choi Hyung Wook , Kim Jiwon , Choi Hyuck Gu , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Kang Bong Kyun , Yoon Dae Ho 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining an electrochemically stable material onto the surface of a catalyst can improve the durability of a transition metal catalyst, and enable the catalyst to operate stably at high current density. Herein, the contribution of the N‐doped carbon shell (NCS) to the electrochemical properties is evaluated by comparing the characteristics of the Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst with the N‐doped carbon shell, and the Ni3Fe catalyst. The synthesized Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst has a distinct overpotential difference from the Ni3Fe catalyst (ηOER = 468.8 mV, ηHER = 462.2 mV) at (200 and −200) mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH. In stability test at (10 and −10) mA cm−2, the Ni3Fe@NCS catalyst showed a stability of (95.47 and 99.6)%, while the Ni3Fe catalyst showed a stability of (72.4 and 95.9)%, respectively. In addition, the in situ X‐ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES) results show that redox reaction appeared in the Ni3Fe catalyst by applying voltages of (1.7 and −0.48) V. The decomposition of nickel and iron due to the redox reaction is detected as a high ppm concentration in the Ni3Fe catalyst through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP−OES) analysis. This work presents the strategy and design of a next‐generation electrochemical catalyst to improve the electrocatalytic properties and stability.
Multiple Magneto‐Optical Microrobotic Collectives with Selective Control in Three Dimensions Under Water
Authors: Sun Mengmeng , Yang Shihao , Jiang Jialin , Wang Qianqian , Zhang Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInspired by natural swarms, various methods are developed to create artificial magnetic microrobotic collectives. However, these magnetic collectives typically receive identical control inputs from a common external magnetic field, limiting their ability to operate independently. And they often rely on interfaces or boundaries for controlled movement, posing challenges for independent, three‐dimensional(3D) navigation of multiple magnetic collectives. To address this challenge, self‐assembled microrobotic collectives are proposed that can be selectively actuated in a combination of external magnetic and optical fields. By harnessing both actuation methods, the constraints of single actuation approaches are overcome. The magnetic field excites the self‐assembly of colloids and maintains the self‐assembled microrobotic collectives without disassembly, while the optical field drives selected microrobotic collectives to perform different tasks. The proposed magnetic‐photo microrobotic collectives can achieve independent position and path control in the two‐dimensional (2D) plane and 3D space. With this selective control strategy, the microrobotic collectives can cooperate in convection and mixing the dye in a confined space. The results present a systematic approach for realizing selective control of multiple microrobotic collectives, which can address multitasking requirements in complex environments.
Magnetic Field Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction via Oxygen Diffusion Speedup
Authors: Yang Yongqiang , Han Guojun , Xie Minghui , Silva Gabriel Vinicius De Oliveira , Miao Guo‐Xing , Huang Yunhui , Fu Jing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe mass‐transfer of oxygen in liquid phases (including in the bulk electrolyte and near the electrode surface) is a critical step to deliver oxygen to catalyst sites (especially immersed catalyst sites) and use the full capacity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Despite the extensive efforts of optimizing the complex three‐phase reaction interfaces to enhance the gaseous oxygen transfer, strong limitations remain due to oxygen's poor solubility and slow diffusion in electrolytes. Herein, a magnetic method for boosting the directional hydrodynamic pumping of oxygen toward immersed catalyst sites is demonstrated which allows the ORR to reach otherwise inaccessible catalytic regions where high currents normally would have depleted oxygen. For Pt foil electrodes without forced oxygen saturation in KOH electrolytes, the mass‐transfer‐limited current densities can be improved by 60% under an external magnetic field of 435 mT due to the synergistic effect between bulk‐ and surface‐magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows induced by Lorentz forces. The residual magnetic fields are further used at the surface of magnetic materials (such as CoPt alloys and Pt/FeCo heterostructures) to enhance the surface‐MHD effect, which helps to retain part of the ORR enhancement permanently without applying external magnetic fields.
Prehospital hemorrhage management in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A scoping review
Authors: Kulkarni Ashwin J. , Batra Amber , Eisner Zachary J. , Delaney Peter G. , Pine Haleigh , Klapow Maxwell C. , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionLow‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) account for 90% of deaths due to injury, largely due to hemorrhage. The increased hemorrhage mortality burden in LMICs is exacerbated by absent or ineffective prehospital care. Hemorrhage management (HM) is an essential component of prehospital care in LMICs, yet current practices for prehospital HM and outcomes from first responder HM training have yet to be summarized.MethodsThis review describes the current literature on prehospital HM and the impact of first responder HM training in LMICs. Articles published between January 2000 and January 2023 were identified using PMC, MEDLINE, and Scopus databases following PRISMA‐ScR guidelines.Inclusion criteria spanned first responder training programs delivering prehospital care for HM. Relevant articles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.ResultsOf the initial 994 articles, 20 met inclusion criteria representing 16 countries. Studies included randomized control trials, cohort studies, case control studies, reviews, and epidemiological studies. Basic HM curricula were found in 15 studies and advanced HM curricula were found in six studies. Traumatic hemorrhage was indicated in 17 studies while obstetric hemorrhage was indicated in three studies. First responders indicated HM use in 55%–76% of encounters, the most frequent skill they reported using. Mean improvements in HM knowledge acquisition post‐course ranged from 23 to 58 percentage points following training for pressure and elevation, gauze application, and tourniquet application.ConclusionsOur study summarizes the current literature on prehospital HM in LMICs pertaining to epidemiology, interventions, and outcomes. HM resources should be a priority for further development.
Highly sensitive detection of ions and dopamine molecules by a hydrogen‐bonded organic framework
Authors: Wang Zuen , Shen Penglei , Zeng Ni , Chen Faqiang , Xu Hui , Xu Shiqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) represent an emerging class of porous crystalline materials, have attracted growing interest in the field of fluorescence sensing area due to their distinctive luminescent characteristics, large surface area and abundant recognition sites. Herein, the porous material HOF‐BTB‐NH2 featuring one‐dimensional pore structure was successfully synthesized through hydrogen‐bonding self‐assembly using the organic building molecule 2,4,6‐Tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)aniline (BTB‐NH2) in methanol. HOF‐BTB‐NH2 showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity for metal ion Cu2+ and anion CO32−, and the limits of detection (LOD) reached 0.23 μM and 0.33 μM, respectively. In addition, HOF‐BTB‐NH2 was employed as a biosensing material for the highly selective and sensitive detection of dopamine (DA). The synthesis of porous HOF‐BTB‐NH2 and the excellent sensing performance greatly expanded the application of hydrogen‐bonded organic framework materials in fluorescence sensing.
Introduction: Knowledge and Digital Technology
Authors: Panitz Robert , Glückler Johannes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDevelopment happens as a society undergoes structural transformation. Structural change in a society’s culture, institutions, and technologies is driven by new ways of thinking, new knowledge, and innovations. Although the latest wave of technological change, often referred to as the fifth Kondratieff cycle (Schumpeter, 1961), has been transforming world society since the 1990s, innovative uses of digital technology have continued to yield radical and disruptive changes. Digitization has been central to shaping new ways of observing (e.g., by collecting big data and augmenting reality), knowing (e.g., supported by machine learning), and transforming (e.g., by automation and robotics) our environment. As humanity uses its knowledge to advance technologies, which in turn have an effect on human knowledge and our ways of learning, we have dedicated this book to the reflexive relationship between knowledge and technology. In addition, geography is an important, yet frequently neglected, context for the ways in which people and organizations generate new knowledge, how they adopt and use new technologies, and how the use of these technologies affects their knowledge. Coincidently, technological advances have an immediate impact on human knowledge of geography and space. Whereas people once used maps and compasses to find their way around, today GPS-based navigation services take over all the work, with the effect of gradually diminishing both human cognition of space (Yan et al., 2022) and spatial knowledge acquisition (Brügger et al., 2019). This 19th volume in the Springer Series of Knowledge and Space has brought together leading interdisciplinary expertise, new empirical evidence, and conceptual propositions on the conditions, impact, and future potential of digital technologies for varying geographies of human society.
Relational Spaces of Digital Labor
Authors: Burns Ryan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe distinction between everyday life and work is gradually diminishing, as productive capacities are increasingly hard-coded into quotidian activities bearing little resemblance to colloquial understandings of “work”. Digital labor research has made important contributions to our understanding of these processes and their attendant relations, inequalities, and implications. However, this body of research has insufficiently attended to the spaces through which this labor takes place. On the one hand, most research foregoes the spatial forms and relations through which the labor occurs. On the other hand, when the spaces of digital labor are considered, it is usually done through its “absolute” spaces that rely on Euclidean geometries. In this chapter, I argue that a relational spaces framework is needed to advance understanding of digital labor. A relational framework conceives of actors and practices as constituted through networks and connections, and space as produced for phenomena like digital labor. With relationality, digital labor is not confined by nation-state boundaries nor as occurring only at a simple location on the globe, but instead as constituted by intertwined positionalities that span the globe. A relational spatial framework also enables an analysis of digital labor as immaterial, cognitive, attentional, and symbolic labor, rather than as a discrete, remunerated act.
The Promise and Prospects of Blockchain-Based Decentralized Business Models
Authors: Tumasjan Andranik 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe emergence of Bitcoin and its underlying blockchain technology have enabled novel solutions for creating, transacting, and validating digital assets. Inspired by these developments, a variety of project teams have been building blockchain-based “decentralized” business models (BDBM), marketplaces, and organizations. However, ambiguity and confusion exist around the meaning of “decentralized” in the context of blockchain technology-based business models in both research and practice. Moreover, the implications of BDBM’s mainstream adoption from a mass customers’ perspective are insufficiently understood. This article discusses and develops a two-dimensional framework explicating the notion of decentralization in BDBM. Based on this typology, the article analyzes the implications, prerequisites, and desirability of decentralization for BDBMs’ mainstream adoption.
Big Data without Big Brothers: The Potential of Gentle Rule Enforcement
Authors: Erev Ido , Hreib Manal , Teodorescu Kinneret 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe authors argue that a wise use of big data technology can facilitate the enforcement of laws and regulations in two ways: it can reduce the necessity of severe and costly punishments, and can reduce invasion of privacy. This suggestion rests on two key observations. First, examining basic decision research reveals that experience leads people to underweight rare events and select the options that lead to the best payoffs in most cases. Second, most consequential violations start with less important violations that, if detected, can be stopped without collecting personal data. In other words, the authors propose focusing on the development of gentle rule enforcement technology that generalizes the success behind the seat-belt alarm system.
Data-Based Frictions in Civic Action: Trust, Technology, and Participation
Authors: Powell Alison B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to address climate change and persistent air pollution, many cities have developed policy plans to reduce vehicle through-traffic on residential roads. These are ‘smart city’ policies in the sense that they use data-sets and predictions related to air quality, traffic levels and climate change models to derive policy positions. During the COVID-19 lockdowns, several London inner-city governments introduced low-traffic neighbourhood policies as ‘experimental’ interventions, consulting residents after introducing measures temporarily. Vociferous opposition emerged to these schemes, coalescing on social media including Twitter and Facebook groups. This essay examines the nature of citizen action in a data-based environment, exploring how citizen responses to smart governance create the conditions for political polarization, because not enough opportunity is provided for frictions or feelings of dissent. Although previous work on citizen action and smart cities has identified that permitting frictions between these different actors might increase the depth or legitimacy of citizen involvement in data-based policies (Powell, Undoing optimization: civic action in smart cities. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2021), analysis of posts made on a Facebook group discussion opposition to data-driven Low Traffic Neighbourhood policies reveals that different qualities of feeling influence the extent to which policy interventions are perceived as legitimate. Without the capacity to have opposition listened to or heard in a data-driven ‘smart governance’ setting, people begin to consider all government-collected data to be illegitimate, generate their own vernacular evidence, and form shared identities based on perceived alienation from elite decision-makers. The results of this analysis suggest that data frictions need to be understood in relation to affective politics. Without space for strong feelings to become part of a socially validated process, these harden into antagonism and animosity, leaving space for political polarization.