bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does the media represent institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities? A case study of the Malka Leifer court case
Authors: Mendes Philip , Pinskier Marcia , Baidawi Susan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConcerns about institutional child sexual abuse within Jewish communities have been documented in two recent national inquiries into child sexual abuse, in Australia, and England and Wales. Yet to date, there has been little analysis of how media reporting informs public awareness of these concerns, and potential programme and policy responses. This paper examines media reports of the high‐profile case of ultra‐orthodox Jewish school principal Malka Leifer who was found to have sexually abused several girls in her school in Melbourne, Australia. It draws on five Australian media publications (two specifically Jewish and three mainstream newspapers), from the initial committal hearing in September 2021 until the completion of her trial and conviction in July 2023. Our findings highlight the importance of child safety processes as being aligned with the specific religious and cultural context of faith‐based communities in order to be effective in preventing institutional child sexual abuse.
Magnetic Properties of A Cavity‐Embedded Square Lattice of Quantum Dots or Antidots
Authors: Mughnetsyan Vram , Gudmundsson Vidar , Abdullah Nzar Rauf , Tang Chi‐Shung , Moldoveanu Valeriu , Manolescu Andrei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractQuantum electrodynamical density functional theory is applied to obtain the electronic density, spin polarization, as well as orbital and spin magnetizations of square periodic arrays of quantum dots or antidots subjected to the influence of a far‐infrared cavity photon field. A gradient‐based exchange‐correlation functional adapted to a 2D electron gas in a transverse homogeneous magnetic field is used in the theoretical framework and calculations. The obtained results predict a non‐trivial effect of the cavity field on the electron distribution in the unit cell of the superlattice, as well as on the orbital and spin magnetizations. The number of electrons per unit cell of the superlattice is shown to play a crucial role in the modification of the magnetization via the electron–photon coupling. The calculations show that cavity photons strengthen the diamagnetic effect in the quantum dot structure, while they weaken the paramagnetic effect in the antidot structure. As the number of electrons per unit cell of the lattice increases, the electron–photon interaction reduces the exchange forces that will otherwise promote strong spin splitting for both the dot and the antidot arrays.
Torsional Strain Enabled Ring‐Opening Polymerization towards Axially Chiral Semiaromatic Polyesters with Chemical Recyclability
Authors: Cao Qing , Tu Yi‐Min , Fan Hua‐Zhong , Shan Si‐Yi , Cai Zhongzheng , Zhu Jian‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of new chemically recyclable polymers via monomer design would provide a transformative strategy to address the energy crisis and plastic pollution problem. Biaryl‐fused cyclic esters were targeted to generate axially chiral polymers, which would impart new material performance. To overcome the non‐polymerizability of the biaryl‐fused monomer DBO, a cyclic ester Me‐DBO installed with dimethyl substitution was prepared to enable its polymerizability via enhancing torsional strain. Impressively, Me‐DBO readily went through well‐controlled ring‐opening polymerization, producing polymer P(Me‐DBO) with high glass transition temperature (Tg >100 °C). Intriguingly, mixing these complementary enantiopure polymers containing axial chirality promoted a transformation from amorphous to crystalline material, affording a semicrystalline stereocomplex with a melting transition temperature more than 300 °C. P(Me‐DBO) were capable of depolymerizing back to Me‐DBO in high efficiency, highlighting an excellent recyclability.
Room‐Temperature Copper‐Catalyzed Etherification of Aryl Bromides
Authors: Strauss Michael J. , Greaves Megan E. , Kim Seoung‐Tae , Teijaro Christiana N. , Schmidt Michael A. , Scola Paul M. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe disclose the development of a Cu‐catalyzed C−O coupling method utilizing a new N1,N2‐diarylbenzene‐1,2‐diamine ligand, L8. Under optimized reaction conditions, structurally diverse aryl and heteroaryl bromides underwent efficient coupling with a variety of alcohols at room temperature using an L8‐based catalyst. Notably, the L8‐derived catalyst exhibited enhanced activity when compared to the L4‐based system previously disclosed for C−N coupling, namely the ability to functionalize aryl bromides containing acidic functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that C−O coupling utilizing L8 ⋅ Cu involves rate‐limiting alkoxide transmetallation, resulting in a mechanism of C−O bond formation that is distinct from previously described Pd‐, Cu‐, or Ni‐based systems. This lower energy pathway leads to rapid C−O bond formation; a 7‐fold increase relative to what is seen with other ligands. The results presented in this report overcome limitations in previously described C−O coupling methods and introduce a new ligand that we anticipate may be useful in other Cu‐catalyzed C‐heteroatom bond‐forming reactions.
Spaced Double Hydrogen Bonding in an Imidazole Poly Ionic Liquid Composite for Highly Efficient and Selective Photocatalytic Air Reductive H2O2 Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Yu , Jin Jie , Yan Huan , Zhou Guosheng , Xu Yangrui , Tang Liguang , Liu Xinlin , Li Hongping , Zhang Kan , Lu Ziyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxygen reductive H2O2 production is a promising approach to alternative industrial anthraquinone processes while suffering from the requirement of pure O2 feedstock for practical application. Herein, we report a spaced double hydrogen bond (IC−H‐bond) through multi‐component Radziszewski reaction in an imidazole poly‐ionic‐liquid composite (SI‐PIL‐TiO2) and levofloxacin hydrochloride (LEV) electron donor for highly efficient and selective photocatalytic air reductive H2O2 production. It is found that the IC−H‐bond formed by spaced imino (−NH−) group of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 and carbonyl (−C=O) group of LEV can switch the imidazole active sites characteristic from a covered state to a fully exposed one to shield the strong adsorption of electron donor and N2 in the air, and propel an intenser positive potential and more efficient orbitals binding patterns of SI‐PIL‐TiO2 surface to establish competitive active sites for selectivity O2 chemisorption. Moreover, the high electron enrichment of imidazole as an active site for the 2e− oxygen reduction ensures the rapid reduction of O2. Therefore, the IC−H‐bond enables a total O2 utilization and conversion efficiency of 94.8 % from direct photocatalytic air reduction, achieving a H2O2 production rate of 1518 μmol/g/h that is 16 and 23 times compared to poly‐ionic‐liquid composite without spaced imino groups (PIL‐TiO2) and TiO2, respectively.
Activation of Ga Liquid Catalyst with Continuously Exposed Active Sites for Electrocatalytic C−N Coupling
Authors: Yu Yaodong , Lv Zheng , Liu Ziyi , Sun Yuyao , Wei Yingying , Ji Xiang , Li Yanyan , Li Hongdong , Wang Lei , Lai Jianping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly electrocatalytic coupling of CO2 and N2 for urea synthesis is a promising strategy. However, it is still facing problems such as low yield as well as low stability. Here, a new carbon‐coated liquid alloy catalyst, Ga79Cu11Mo10@C is designed for efficient electrochemical urea synthesis by activating Ga active sites. During the N2 and CO2 co‐reduction process, the yield of urea reaches 28.25 mmol h−1 g−1, which is the highest yield reported so far under the same conditions, the Faraday efficiency (FE) is also as high as 60.6 % at −0.4 V vs. RHE. In addition, the catalyst shows excellent stability under 100 h of testing. Comprehensive analyses showed that sequential exposure of a high density of active sites promoted the adsorption and activation of N2 and CO2 for efficient coupling reactions. This coupling reaction occurs through a thermodynamic spontaneous reaction between *N=N* and CO to form a C−N bond. The deformability of the liquid state facilitates catalyst recovery and enhances stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the introduction of Cu and Mo stimulates the Ga active sites, which successfully synthesises the *NCON* intermediate. The reaction energy barrier of the third proton‐coupled electron transfer process rate‐determining step (RDS) *NHCONH→*NHCONH2 was lowered, ensuring the efficient synthesis of urea.
First assessment of passive acoustics as a tool to monitor the endangered Mediterranean monk seal in the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal)
Authors: Muñoz‐Duque Sebastian , Vieira Manuel , Fonseca Paulo J. , Quintella Bernardo , Charrier Isabelle , Monteiro João Gama , Fernandez Marc , Silva Rodrigo , Amorim M. Clara P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The rarest seal and the world's most endangered pinniped species, the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), has a small and isolated population in the Madeira Archipelago (Portugal). This species tends to be extremely wary of humans and, therefore, very difficult to approach and study.
Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a non‐invasive, cost‐effective tool that can be a valuable complement for the traditional monitoring methods, providing insight for effective conservation of the seal in the Madeira Archipelago.
In this pilot study, custom‐designed autonomous underwater recorders were deployed in two marine protected areas (Garajau Partial Nature Reserve and the Desertas Islands Nature Reserve) to assess the potential of PAM to detect and monitor this elusive and endangered species in the Madeira Archipelago.
Two call types putatively produced by M. monachus were detected in a subsample of audio files recorded over a 3‐month acoustic deployment; these call types share similarities with the /growl/ and /hiccup/ recently described for M. monachus in a Mediterranean population. The most common sound type detected was the low‐frequency growl. No obvious pattern was found in the abundance of sounds according to sampling date, and no significant difference was found in the abundance of sounds in different periods of the day.
The ability to detect the species' underwater vocalizations with PAM opens the possibility of future monitoring plans based on data obtained from audio recordings. These data can provide relevant information for conservation, namely, on the presence and abundance of the seals.
An underwater clash of spears: Public engagement in Mediterranean lionfish control efforts
Authors: Savva Ioannis , Cai Leda L. , Kleitou Periklis , Hadjioannou Louis , Jimenez Carlos , Karonias Anastasis , Nicolaou Erato , Chartosia Niki , Hall‐Spencer Jason M. , Kletou Demetris 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Invasive alien species pose a great challenge in conservation ecology. Rapid establishment of common lionfish (Pterois miles) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and its ongoing westward expansion raises many questions about how to sustainably combat this invasion in the long term.
Drawing on experiences from the western Atlantic invasion, citizen scientists were engaged and demonstrated the efficiency of long‐term coordinated removals for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea.
Findings reveal a sustained participation and interest throughout the coordinated removal events that encourage the organization of future events. Removal Action Teams were found effective at reducing lionfish numbers in small (less than half a hectare) areas of high conservation value, when removals were repeated systematically.
Single‐day lionfish derbies, operated at greater spatial scales, succeeded in a 50% reduction in lionfish abundance while removing most large (>30 cm) individuals from an area after three consecutive events.
Given the recreational character of such activities, coordinated removals are useful options for management and conservation when guided by competent authorities and supported by citizens, as they promote marine environmental awareness and help develop a sense of stewardship among members of the public.
Comparing lateral plantar process trabecular structure to other regions of the human calcaneus
Authors: Koneru Manisha C. , Harper Christine M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInvestigating skeletal adaptations to bipedalism informs our understanding of form–function relationships. The calcaneus is an important skeletal element to study because it is a weight‐bearing bone with a critical locomotor role. Although other calcaneal regions have been well studied, we lack a clear understanding of the functional role of the lateral plantar process (LPP). The LPP is a bony protuberance on the inferolateral portion of the calcaneus thought to aid the tuberosity in transmission of ground reaction forces during heel‐strike. Here, we analyze LPP internal trabecular structure relative to other calcaneal regions to investigate its potential functional affinities. Human calcanei (n = 20) were micro‐CT scanned, and weighted spherical harmonic analysis outputs were used to position 251 volumes of interest (VOI) within each bone. Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), spacing (Tb.Sp), degree of anisotropy (DA), and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were calculated for each VOI. Similarities in BV/TV and DA (p = 0.2741) between the LPP and inferior tuberosity support suggestions that the LPP is a weight‐bearing structure that may transmit forces in a similar direction. The LPP significantly differs from the inferior tuberosity in Tb.Th and Tb.Sp (p < 0.05). Relatively thinner, more closely spaced trabeculae in the LPP may serve to increase internal surface area to compensate for its relatively small size compared to the tuberosity. Significant differences in all parameters between LPP and joint articular surfaces indicate that trabecular morphology is differently adapted for the transmission of forces associated with body mass through joints.
Neural network adaptive control for turbo‐generator of power systems with prescribed performance and unknown asymmetric actuator dead zone
Authors: Tian Xintong , Zhang Zhao , Zhou Hongyan , Chen Xue‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a neural network adaptive controller design method for turbo‐generator of power systems with external disturbance, unknown system dynamic, prescribed performance, and unknown actuator dead zone. First, the unknown system dynamic is estimated and overcome through a neural network. Using the implicit function theorem, the unknown asymmetric dead‐zone behavior of the actuator is overcome by another static neural network. Second, the external disturbance and the reconstruction error of neural networks are handled by a robust term updated online. Moreover, there is no requirement to pre‐know or off‐line estimate the reconstruction error of neural networks and the upper bound of the system external disturbance. Third, based on Lyapunov theory, the smooth control law is proposed. In the meantime, the uniform ultimate boundedness of the networks weights is strictly proved. Furthermore, the system state error satisfies the prescribed transient performance and can converge to a small neighborhood around zero. Finally, a numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Event‐driven fault‐tolerant attitude tracking control of spacecraft for noncooperative target interest surface
Authors: Zhang He , Zheng Yin , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the problem of relative attitude stabilization between a noncooperative target interest surface (NCTIS) and a bandwidth‐restricted spacecraft subjected to parameter uncertainties, exogenous disturbance, actuator faults, and input saturation. The proposed angular velocity estimator provides the rotational angular velocity of NCTIS. The proposed control scheme uses a dynamic surface control framework with the finite time disturbance observer to attenuate multi‐source disturbances, and it deals with the restricted communication resources by employing a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism. The presented scheme relaxes the prior upper bound of total disturbance and improves the traditional event‐triggered technique. Stability analysis shows the ultimate uniform boundedness of the closed‐loop system's state trajectory. In addition, the Zeno‐free behavior can be guaranteed in the design. Comparing numerical simulation results with advanced techniques shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control of stochastic nonlinear multiagent systems with input quantization and state constraints
Authors: Wu Meng , Wu Li‐Bing , Yan Ying , Dong Yan‐Wu 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThis paper is dedicated to the problem of adaptive fuzzy fault‐tolerant control (FTC) for a class of stochastic nonstrict feedback nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with input quantization and full state constraints. Firstly, based on the backstepping technique and the bounded estimation method, the effect of actuator faults can be eliminated by the proposed adaptive updating laws. Secondly, the stochastic barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are constructed to ensure that all state constraints are not violated. Meanwhile, the introduction of input quantization can effectively save network resources and reduce computational burden. It is further shown that all the closed‐loop signals are uniformly bounded, and the consensus tracking errors asymptotically tend to zero. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is illustrated by a numerical example.
An early‐curricular team learning activity to foster integration of biochemical concepts and clinical sciences in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Schmidt Martin , Pinney Brian , Canby Craig , Vargus April , Pille Marianka 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe ability to connect key concepts of biochemistry with clinical presentations is essential for the development of clinical reasoning skills and adaptive expertise in medical trainees. To support the integration of foundational and clinical sciences in our undergraduate health science curricula, we developed a small group active learning exercise during which interprofessional groups of students use clinical cases to explore the biochemistry, diagnostic strategy, and evidence‐based treatment options of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). We designed multistage learning modules consisting of (1.) low‐fidelity case simulations of pediatric patients presenting with IEMs, (2.) guided group discussions on clinical biochemistry, differential diagnoses, and diagnostic strategies, (3.) oral presentations of clinical reasoning strategies, and (4.) discussion of relevant evidence‐based medicine topics related to the cases. These modules Scientific Knowledge Integrated in Patient Presentations (SKIPPs) were added to a first‐semester foundational sciences course serving five health professions programs. The assessment of learning outcomes by students and faculty shows that SKIPPs sessions are well‐received activities that significantly improve trainees' ability to integrate foundational science concepts into clinical scenarios, to practice interprofessional teamwork and to develop clinical reasoning skills.
A system dynamics approach to modelling eco‐innovation drivers in companies: Understanding complex interactions using machine learning
Authors: Arranz Carlos F. A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of drivers in the development of eco‐innovation from a system dynamics perspective. While previous literature has made important contributions in identifying factors that influence the development of eco‐innovations, there remains limited understanding of how these drivers act and interact in promoting its development. Therefore, there is a need to develop a framework of relationships and drivers that encourage and support eco‐innovation in companies. This paper develops an integrated framework encompassing key internal, market and governmental factors and their complex interactions using principles of system dynamics and machine learning to address this gap. The research questions how these drivers interact in a dynamic and non‐linear manner to influence the development of eco‐innovation in companies and how can these interactions be effectively modelled and understood, considering the complexities of sustainable business practices and the limitations of traditional linear approaches. We empirically test these questions by using the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel database. The findings demonstrate that eco‐innovation is not solely driven by isolated factors; instead, it emerges from the complex interplay between internal capabilities, governmental policies and market dynamics. By emphasising the synergistic effects of these drivers, the research offers a nuanced understanding of their systemic interactions. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the varying efficiency levels of different drivers, underscoring the pivotal role of environmental corporate policies and the strategic allocation of financial resources. In contrast, cooperation, market forces and regulations exhibit lower efficiency in driving eco‐innovation processes. These insights not only advance theoretical knowledge but also provide valuable guidance for businesses and policymakers, offering a more holistic approach to fostering sustainable innovation.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction, Optimization, Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Phenolics from Cycas Zeylanica and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Authors: Mansi  , Balyan Upasna , Bhutani Charu , Khanna Leena , Rao Satya , Singh Rita , Khanna Pankaj 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study focuses on investigating the phytochemical screening of indigenous species, C. zeylanica, for the first time. The leaf extracts have been prepared using ultrasound‐assisted methods to obtain the best extraction results using different time and temperature conditions such as 30, 60, and 90 min. and 30, 40, and 60 °C, respectively. The results have been optimized using response surface methodology. Under the optimal extraction conditions of 60 °C for 43.57 minutes, an extract was produced with a yield of 0.238 g and a high total phenolic content of 181.1965 mg GAE/g. The total phenolic content has been evaluated and the presence of gallic acid has been confirmed through the HPLC technique. The optimal extract (OE) showed excellent antioxidant activity for the DPPH assay, with an IC50 of 3.1 μg/ml. Finally, GC‐MS profiling has been done to screen the volatile component of the plant extract.
Discovery of Enzyme Inhibitors from Mangrove Sediment Derived Fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051
Authors: Huang Lishan , Chen Chunmei , Cai Jian , Chen Yixin , Zhu Yongyan , Yang Bin , Zhou Xuefeng , Liu Yonghong , Tao Huaming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne new fatty acid derivative, (2E,4E)‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylocta‐2,4‐dienoic acid (1), and 16 known compounds (2–17) were isolated from the mangrove sediment derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum SCSIO 41051. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, computational ECD, and Mo2(OAc)4‐induced ECD experiment. All the compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition. Compounds 9 and 14 exhibited moderate AChE inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.49 and 2.92 μM, respectively, which compounds 8 and 9 displayed moderate inhibition on PL with IC50 value of 2.30 and 2.34 μM, respectively.