bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial aesthetics and the divine proportion: a comparison of surgical and non-surgical Class II treatment
Authors: Shell Tracey L. , Woods Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to compare selected divine or golden proportions in Class II division 1 patients treated either during the growth phase with an activator and fixed appliances or after the completion of growth with fixed appliances and orthognathic surgery; and to determine the associations between divine facial proportions and perceived facial attractiveness.

Methods: The material consisted of subjects with Class II division 1 malocclusions treated either with upper and lower fixed appliances and orthognathic surgery or with activators followed by fixed appliances. There were 23 females and 9 males in the surgical group (Mean age: 23.5 years; SD: 9.6 years) and 17 females and 11 males in the non-surgical group (Mean age: 10.8 years; SD: 1.1 years). The divine relationships of the subjects were assessed on pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs, and on lateral and frontal facial photographs. In addition, the attractiveness of the subjects was scored by a panel of judges using a visual analogue scale. Facial aesthetic scores were then correlated with the presence of particular divine facial proportions.

Results: On average, few ratios fitted the divine proportion, either before or after treatment in either treatment group. There was, however, significant individual variation in the presence or otherwise of these divine proportions, as there were with changes in the proportions with treatment. Regardless of the treatment method, ratios in some patients moved toward the divine proportion, while those in others moved away from it. A comparison of the two treatment groups both before and after treatment showed that the mean group values for some of the proportions differed. These differences could largely be explained by differences in growth status and treatment method.

Conclusion: Neither treatment method was more likely to result in a greater number of divine proportions, and the achievement of divine proportions seemed to have little, if any, influence on overall aesthetic outcomes.
Patients’ attitudes towards compliance with retainer wear
Authors: Wong Pamela , Freer Terry J. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this survey were to determine patients’ attitudes towards retainers and their compliance in wearing retainers.
Methods: Three hundred dental school patients were selected at random and survey questionnaires were distributed. Twelve private orthodontists were willing to participate in the survey and each was given 20 questionnaires for distribution to their patients. The questionnaire was designed to gather information regarding compliance in wearing removable retainers, perception of the comfort level of retainers and acceptance of the appearance of removable and fixed retainers.
Results: The results revealed that compliance in wearing an upper retainer was related to its comfort level and acceptance. Discomfort was the main reason given by dental school patients and forgetfulness was the major reason given by private patients for not wearing retainers. Higher proportions of patients found fixed retainers more comfortable to wear and were more willing to accept the appearance of fixed retainers. A higher proportion of private patients accepted the appearance of retainers compared with dental school patients, while a higher proportion of dental school patients found retainers less comfortable to wear than private patients.
Conclusions: There was a strong relationship between compliance and comfort level in wearing upper removable retainers. Patients found fixed retainers more acceptable than removable types because of appearance and comfort.
Personality traits in adolescence and satisfaction with orthodontic treatment in young adulthood
Authors: Barker Matthew J. , Thomson W. Murray , Poulton Richie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether personality traits are associated with satisfaction with orthodontic treatment by age 26.

Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted with 1,037 individuals, one-third of whom had received orthodontic treatment by age 26. A comprehensive personality assessment was conducted at age 18 using the multidimensional personality questionnaire. At age 26, orthodontic outcome was rated as either ‘Excellent’, ‘Pretty good’, ‘Fair’ or ‘Poor’.

Results: Those who were less satisfied (rating their treatment outcome as ‘Fair’ or ‘Poor’) scored lower on the personality traits of control and social closeness, and higher on stress reactivity. Individuals with low scores on social closeness were twice as likely (Odds ratio: 2.07) to be less satisfied with their orthodontic result.

Conclusions: Individuals who are impulsive, stress-reactive or socially isolated are more likely to be disappointed with their orthodontic outcome. Pretreatment knowledge about certain aspects of personality might be useful to practising orthodontists.
Dental arch shape and size in Malay schoolchildren with Class II malocclusion
Authors: Banabilh Saeed M. , Rajion Zainul A. , Samsudin Rani , Singh G. D. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
To quantify and localise differences in Class I and Class II dental arches in Malay schoolchildren.

Methods
The subjects were 50 Malay schoolchildren (Mean age: 15 + 0.7 years) with either Class I (N = 25) or Class II (N = 25) malocclusions. Fourteen homologous landmarks on the upper and lower study models of the subjects were digitised using MorphoStudio software, and the Procrustes means were computed. The mean Class I and Class II configurations were subjected to t-tests and finite element analysis.

Results
Normalised upper arch Class I and Class II configurations were statistically different (p < 0.05), but the lower arches were not. However, normalised Class II linear parameters were statistically smaller in the upper arch and larger in the lower arch. The upper Class II dental arch was narrower by 15 per cent and asymmetric changes in size (11–20 per cent) were localised in the labial and buccal regions of the lower Class II arch.

Conclusions
Size and shape differences between Class I and Class II dental arches can be identified with finite element analysis.
Lower intercanine width and gingival margin changes. A retrospective study
Authors: Closs Luciane , Squeff Karine , Raveli Dirceu , Rösing Cassiano 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objective
To determine if changes in the lower intercanine widths during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances result in gingival margin changes around the lower canines and incisors.

Method
Pre- and post-treatment intra-oral photographs and orthodontic study models of 178 Caucasian adolescents (101 female, 77 male) were used. All subjects were treated with fixed appliances. The subjects had mean ages of 11.41 (SD: 1.83) years and 14.91 (SD: 1.78) years on their initial and final records respectively. The latter were taken 28 days or more after the appliances had been removed. The inclusion criteria were: Angle Class I or Class II malocclusion (with or without transverse and/or vertical discrepancies); nonextraction treatment; less than 4 mm crowding or spacing; fully erupted lower incisors and good periodontal health. The intercanine widths and the positions of the gingival margins relative to the maximum curvatures of the labial surfaces of the lower canines and incisors were measured with digital calipers.

Results
A significant association was found between unaltered intercanine widths and coronal migration of the gingival margins (p = 0.045). There were no significant associations between either increased or reduced intercanine widths and changes in the gingival margins.

Conclusions
Following orthodontic treatment coronal migration of the gingival margins around the lower incisors and canines is more likely to be associated with an unaltered intercanine width.
Accuracy of bracket placement by orthodontists and inexperienced dental students
Authors: Armstrong David , Shen Gang , Petocz Peter , Darendeliler M. Ali 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Well-finished orthodontic treatment begins with accurate positioning of the brackets on the teeth.

Aims
To compare the positions of orthodontic brackets placed by experienced clinicians and inexperienced trainees.

Methods
Twenty orthodontists (13 male, 7 female) representing experienced specialists, and 20 final year dental students (10 male, 10 female) representing inexperienced trainees, were asked to bond pre-adjusted straight-wire brackets at the centres of the clinical crowns of the teeth in a Class I crowded typodont set-up. The teeth were removed from the typodont, placed in a standardised jig and photographed. The vertical, mesio-distal and angular (tip) positions of the brackets, relative to the centres of the clinical crowns, were measured with the aid of imaging software. The accuracy of bracket placement by the groups was compared.

Results
The dental students took significantly longer than orthodontists to place the brackets (50.65 ± 16.33 minutes vs 28.53 ± 9.51 minutes, p < 0.001), but were more accurate than the orthodontists at positioning the brackets vertically (0.90 ± 0.21 mm vs 1.19 ± 0.23 mm, p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the dental students and the specialists in either the mesio-distal or the angular/tip positions of the brackets (p > 0.05). Both groups tended to bond the brackets with a distal tip. The students had slightly more right-left differences than the orthodontists. Mesio-distal errors in bracket placement were associated with rotated and displaced teeth.

Conclusions
Accurate direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to teeth does not appear to be related to clinical experience or specialist training.
Orthodontic treatment of localised gingival recession associated with traumatic anterior crossbite
Authors: Seehra Jadbinder , Fleming Padhraig S. , DiBiase Andrew T. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Gingival recession can be defined as the apical shift of the marginal gingiva from its normal position on the crown of the tooth to levels on the root surface beyond the cemento-enamel junction. The aetiology of this condition is multifactorial, but can result from a traumatic occlusion. The long-term prognosis of teeth with localised gingival recession can be uncertain. Successful management of these cases may involve either orthodontic or periodontal treatment in isolation or in combination.

Aim
To describe two patients in which localised gingival recession associated with anterior crossbites were corrected with orthodontic appliances.

Methods
A 2 × 4 appliance and an upper removable appliance were used to correct the crossbites.

Results
Correction of the anterior crossbites resulted in a clinical improvement of the gingival recession. The aetiology and management of localised gingival recession is discussed.

Conclusions
Simple orthodontic appliances can be used to provide interceptive treatment to correct localised crossbite and enhance the overall long-term prognosis of the lower incisors. To achieve optimal results multidisciplinary involvement is recommended.
Facial asymmetry in subjects with Class III malocclusion
Authors: Kilic Nihat , Kilic Songül Comert , Catal Gülhan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Facial skeletal asymmetries in Class III subjects seeking orthognathic surgery may complicate subsequent treatment.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate facial asymmetry in orthognathic surgery patients with Class III malocclusion.

Methods
The Class III group consisted of 29 orthognathic surgery patients (14 female, 15 male; Mean age: 21.44 years) with Class III malocclusions. The Control group consisted of 32 subjects (16 female, 16 male; Mean age: 19.20 years) with excellent Class I occlusal relationships. Facial skeletal asymmetry, based on the skeletal midline, was measured on postero-anterior radiographs. In the Class III group, the chin point deviated to the ipsilateral side. The side-to-side and between group differences were compared.

Results
In the Class III group, the antegonial notch – skeletal midline distance was significantly larger (p < 0.05) and menton – antegonial notch distance was significantly different (p < 0 .05). There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left side measurements in the Control group. Between-group comparisons showed that subjects in the Class III group had greater skeletal asymmetries in lower face. In 78 per cent of the subjects in the Class III group the chin point was displaced more than 2 mm to one side.

Conclusions
Subjects with Class III malocclusion may have facial skeletal asymmetries, predominantly in the lower face. Frontal asymmetries should be considered during diagnosis and treatment planning.
McNamara norms for Turkish adolescents with balanced faces and normal occlusion
Authors: Kilic Nihat , Catal Gülhan , Oktay Hüsamettin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
There are no norms for the McNamara analysis for Turkish adolescents.

Objective
To obtain cephalometric standards for the McNamara analysis for Turkish adolescents with balanced faces and Class I occlusions, and to compare the standards with published data.

Methods
The cephalometric radiographs of 116 children (83 female, 33 male) between 11 and 16 years of age with Turkish grandparents and Class I occlusion, well-aligned upper and lower dental arches, no anterior and/or posterior crossbites and normal dentofacial structures were used. The eight linear and two angular measurements in the McNamara analysis were measured on images of the scanned radiographs. Measurements of the male and female subjects were compared with each other and with published norms for North American adolescents and adults.

Results
The Co-Gn, Co-A, ANS-Me and Ui-A were larger in the male subjects. Comparisons between the present study and McNamara’s original study revealed that Anatolian Turkish adolescents, particularly girls, have smaller midfacial and mandibular lengths and longer and more retrusive faces than North American adolescents and adults.

Conclusions
The small, but statistically significant, gender differences in mandibular and midfacial lengths and lower anterior face height may not be clinically significant. A single set of Turkish norms for the McNamara analysis may be appropriate.
Initial and fatigue bond strengths of chromatic and light-cured adhesives
Authors: Lee June M.L. , Georgiou George , Jones Steven P. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Aim
To compare the initial and fatigue shear bond strengths of a chromatic adhesive with a light-cured adhesive in an ex vivo laboratory study.

Methods
Hydroxyapatite discs were used as the bonding substrate. They were produced by cold uni-axial compression at 20 tons, sintered at 1300 °C and embedded in epoxy resin before grinding and polishing. One hundred and fifty upper left central incisor brackets were bonded to the discs with Transbond PLUS Color Change (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) while another 150 similar brackets were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA). Seventy-five brackets from each group were subjected to cyclic loading (5000 cycles at 2 Hz) at 50 per cent of the mean bond strength in a Dartec Series HC10 Testing Machine. Initial (unfatigued) and fatigued bond strengths were determined by applying a shear force at the bracket-substrate interface using a custom-made metal jig in an Instron Universal Testing Machine. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc correction and two-way ANOVA were used to analyse the differences between the initial and fatigue mean shear bond strengths of the adhesives. The survival and bond reliability of both adhesives were evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses.

Results
The initial mean shear bond strength for Transbond PLUS Color Change (16.72 MPa) was higher than Transbond XT (15.11 MPa), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.109). The fatigue mean shear bond strength for Transbond XT (15.87 MPa) was similar to that of Transbond PLUS Color Change (15.33 MPa), and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.999). There were no significant differences when the effects of the material (p = 0.264) or fatiguing (p = 0.512) were considered separately, but in combination, the effect on bond strength was statistically significant (p = 0.026). The survival analysis showed that both adhesives demonstrated similar survival patterns in the unfatigued and fatigued states. Analysis of the material type and fatiguing showed no effect on the survival pattern for both adhesives (p = 0.098).

Conclusions
There were no statistically significant differences between the mean initial (unfatigued) and fatigue bond strengths of Transbond XT and Transbond PLUS Color Change under laboratory conditions. A survival analysis for both resins with and without fatigue loading exhibited similar behaviour with respect to their survival patterns. Although this may imply that under clinical conditions the two adhesives could behave similarly, the clinical extrapolation of these results should be interpreted with caution.
Bond strengths and debonding characteristics of two types of polycrystalline ceramic brackets
Authors: Lemke Katia , Xu Xiaoming , Hagan Joseph L. , Armbruster Paul C. , Ballard Richard W. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the shear bond strengths and modes of failure of three orthodontic brackets: a polycrystalline ceramic bracket, a collapsible polycrystalline ceramic bracket and a metal bracket.

Methods
Ninety extracted human premolar teeth were selected and examined at x3 magnification for any enamel defects. Three types of brackets and one orthodontic adhesive were used. One half of the sample was tested in a universal testing machine to determine the shear bond strength. The other half was debonded with the appropriate pliers and the tooth surface examined at x5 magnification. The site of failure was scored with the modified Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). Teeth with an ARI grade of zero were examined in a SEM to determine any enamel fracture.

Results
No statistically significant differences in bond strength among the samples were found (p > 0.159). The modes of failure after debonding with pliers were predominantly at the bracket-adhesive interface. The mean shear bond strength of the Clarity bracket was 10.78 ± 2.74 MPa, the InVu bracket was 12.43 ± 2.40 MPa and the metal bracket was 11.89 ± 1.83 MPa. There were significant differences in the mean rank of the ARI grade between the three groups (p = 0.006). The Clarity and InVu (p = 0.011) and the Clarity and metal brackets (p = 0.005) were significantly different, but there was no difference between the InVu and metal brackets (p = 0.187).

Conclusions
All three samples had similar bond strengths. The risk of ceramic fracture on debonding was greatest for the InVu ceramic bracket.
Green Transition and the Business Sector in the European Union and Romania
Authors: Iordan Marioara , Chilian Mihaela-Nona , Ciurariu Gabriela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Increasingly obvious over the last two decades, human society and the economies of all the countries in the world faced and continue to face increasingly accelerated, amplified, diverse and divergent economic, social, political and technological trends and developments, among which three so-called megatrends stand out for intensity and persistence: digitization and automation of production, greening of economies and global economic power shifts. Considering such issues, the paper focuses on a brief analysis of how the green transition affects the business sector (enterprises) in the EU countries, with a focus on Romania - an EU member state that registers a relatively low level of penetration of the circular economy. Indicators of the green economy and eco-innovation and referring to the economic dimension of the circular economy, were used for the analysis. The results show that the EU27 economies generally are leaders in most of the aspects concerning the greening of economies and their business sectors, but Romania reveal certain relative delays of the local business sector in moving towards production and business development methods characteristic of the ecological economy.
Using ICT Tools and Technological Applications in this Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic to Facilitate Learning
Authors: Ohei Kenneth N 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The globe is shaken by the abrupt emergence of the deadly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The global education system has been put to the test by this circumstance, which compelled educators to quickly adopt Information & Communication Technology (ICT) tools and technologies to support instruction. Although, great attempts are made by scholars to study the implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the higher education curricular, there is dearth of previous studies regarding the impact of Information & Communication Technology tools and technological applications to foster learning amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. This exploratory study therefore uses a meta-synthesis approach and visited relevant literatures as lens to primarily examine the need to use Information & Communication Technology tools and technology applications to enhance learning in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 age. The research also shed some insight on the difficulties involved with employing Information & Communication Technology tools and technical applications to aid learning in times of pandemic and catastrophes, and it offers potential answers to educational institutions on how to handle these complications. The study’s findings suggest that Information & Communication Technology tools and technologies are the magic bullet for optimizing learning in times of disaster like the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. The study also shows that by overcoming some technical and financial obstacles like high cost of technology devices, electricity problems, lack of expertise, etc., the lessons learnt from the abrupt and compulsory adoption of Information & Communication Technology tools and technologies to lessen the negative effects of the disaster on learning amid Coronavirus Disease 2019 global emergency will help create new opportunities for the use of blended learning approaches to meet the needs of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 disruption and future learning deliveries.