bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Medium Type of Varieties and Organic Sources of Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulium L.) under Bundelkhand Region
Authors: Singh Yashvant , Gangwar B. , Singh Umesh Kumar , Srivastava Hritik , Mishra Shivendra , Meenakshi Attri 
Published: November 2023

Background: The present investigation entitled “Effect of medium type of varieties and organic sources of nutrients on growth, yield and economics of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer kabulium L.) under Bundelkhand region’’ was carried out at the Organic Research Farm at Karguaji, Institute of Agricultural Sciences Bundelkhand University, Jhansi U.P. India, during Rabi season of the year 2020-21.
Methods: The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three organic sources of nutrients such as, Farm yard manure, Vermicompost and Poultry manure and comprising three varieties viz Pusa-1053, Shubhra and Ujjaval replicated thrice. All the organic sources and sowing methods significantly influence the all parameters like growth parameters viz., plant height, root length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches per plant at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing and at maturity, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight and dry root weight per plan, crop growth rate g/m2 /day-1 and moisture % were noticed at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing.
Results: The nutrients management through organic source and different varieties significantly influenced the entire yield attributes viz, number of pod plant-1, pod weight plant-1, grain weight plant-1 and 100 seed weight were recorded with V1- PUSA-1053 and Nutrient sources M2- Vermicompost while M1- FYM and V2- Shubhra variety recorded lowest in all the parameters. Maximum seed yield per hector were also obtained through higher seed yield (25.43 kg/ha) was recorded in variety 1– (Pusa 1053) and higher seed yield (22.12 kg/ha) was found in M2 (Vermicompost application), respectively. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that above nutrients management through organic manures (vermicompost) and varieties PUSA-1053 resulted in better growth, higher yield attributes and better yield besides enhanced soil health as evident by post-harvest soil fertility status. It can be suggested as a cost effective combination for getting higher yield with greater quality of kabuli chickpea on organic farming system for the farmer’s Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.
Land Use Change Detection and Evaluation in a Watershed: The Implications for Ofu River Water Quality in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Daniel Simon , Ojochenemi Idoko , Ukoje Lawrence Nwaune , Simon Idenyi , Ajogwu Abraham Samuel 
Published: November 2023

This paper examined visible land use changes in Ofu River watershed. Supervised and unsupervised classification of land use types were adopted. Geographical Information System (GIS) software, ArcGIS was used handling and analyzing geographic information by visualizing land use change characteristics or spatio-temporal variability of land use in the study area. The results shows built-up in 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030 projection were analyzed to be (18.931km2, 30.891km2, 81.280km2 and 112.455km2) respectively, water body (7.491km2, 7.491km2, 7.450km2 and 7.428km2), wetlands (105.637km2, 81.713km2, 61.590km2 and 39.564k2), scattered agriculture (1381.057km2, 1,460.415km2, 1,58.560km2 and 1,662.313km2) and vegetated land (415.428km2, 348.033km2, 209.660km2 and 106.783km2) respectively. Tested hypothesis revealed that p< .05. This study recommends proper monitoring of land uses and workable land use policies be put in place in the study area.
Application of a Web-Based Landslide Mitigation Information System (Sensor-Ku) in Kalongan Village Semarang, Central Java
Authors: Putri Zahra Yulia , Anjani Salsa Bella , Pevi Alika , Zeva Dilean , Wahyuningtyas Sri Hapsari , Hapsari Aprelia Dwi , Pantiawati Ika , Cherlyawati Hugi , Isworo Slamet 
Published: November 2023

Background and Objectives: Kalongan is one of the villages in Ungaran District with a potential landslide risk of 2% of its territory. Landslides occur along roadways and in residential areas, endangering the environment and damaging the infrastructure. A web-based early warning system application is the Landslide Early Warning System (Sensor-Ku) which is applied at the research location. This study intends to detect and provide real-time information on the likelihood of landslides, specifically to the people of Kalongan Village.
Methods: This research creates a web-based monitoring and early warning system, as well as its implementation on an experimental microservice architecture, to provide landslide risk mitigation information to Kalongan residents.
Results: According to the research, the landslide early warning system (LEWS) provides a solution by integrating many modules, such as recording dynamic variability, handling multi-scale data sets, extracting important trigger information about the onset of potential landslides, and broadcasting multi-level data. warning. This research also combines a real-time landslide early warning system.
Conclusion: The Landslide Early Warning System (LEWS) Program is effective in reducing the risk of landslides. Some of the issues found when running the program include the costs of maintaining the landslide early warning equipment, which must be managed by the Kalongan village community.
Cardiovascular Outcomes of α-Blockers vs 5-α Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Latour Chase D. , Olawore Oluwasolape , Pate Virginia , Friedlander David F. , Stürmer Til , Jonsson Funk Michele , Jensen Brian C. 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceThe most prescribed class of medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is α-blockers (ABs). However, the cardiovascular safety profile of these medications among patients with BPH is not well understood.ObjectiveTo compare the safety of ABs vs 5-α reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) for risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis active comparator, new-user cohort study was conducted using insurance claims data from a 20% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2007 to 2019 to evaluate the 1-year risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Males aged 66 to 90 years were indexed into the cohort at new use of an AB or 5-ARI. Twelve months of continuous enrollment and at least 1 diagnosis code for BPH within 12 months prior to initiation were required. Data were analyzed from January 2007 through December 2019.ExposuresExposure was defined by a qualifying prescription fill for an AB or 5-ARI after at least 12 months without a prescription for these drug classes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFollow-up began at a qualified refill for the study drug. Primary study outcomes were hospitalization for heart failure (HF), composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; hospitalization for stroke, myocardial infarction, or death), composite MACE or hospitalization for HF, and death. Inverse probability of treatment and censoring-weighted 1-year risks, risk ratios (RRs), and risk differences (RDs) were estimated for each outcome.ResultsAmong 189 868 older adult males, there were 163 829 patients initiating ABs (mean [SD] age, 74.6 [6.2] years; 579 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.4%], 5890 Asian or Pacific Islander [3.6%], 9179 Black [5.6%], 10 610 Hispanic [6.5%], and 133 510 non-Hispanic White [81.5%]) and 26 039 patients initiating 5-ARIs (mean [SD] age, 75.3 [6.4] years; 76 American Indian or Alaska Native [0.3%], 827 Asian or Pacific Islander [3.2%], 1339 Black [5.1%], 1656 Hispanic [6.4%], and 21 605 non-Hispanic White [83.0%]). ABs compared with 5-ARIs were associated with an increased 1-year risk of MACE (8.95% [95% CI, 8.81%-9.09%] vs 8.32% [95% CI, 7.92%-8.72%]; RR = 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.13]; RD per 1000 individuals = 6.26 [95% CI, 2.15-10.37]), composite MACE and HF (RR = 1.07; [95% CI, 1.03-1.12]; RD per 1000 individuals = 7.40 [95% CI, 2.88-11.93 ]), and death (RR = 1.07; [95% CI, 1.01-1.14]; RD per 1000 individuals = 3.85 [95% CI, 0.40-7.29]). There was no difference in risk for HF hospitalization alone.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results suggest that ABs may be associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with 5-ARIs. If replicated with more detailed confounder data, these results may have important public health implications given these medications’ widespread use.
Severe Respiratory Disease Among Children With and Without Medical Complexity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Belza Christina , Pullenayegum Eleanor , Nelson Katherine E. , Aoyama Kazuyoshi , Fu Longdi , Buchanan Francine , Diaz Sanober , Goldberg Ori , Guttmann Astrid , Hepburn Charlotte Moore , Mahant Sanjay , Martens Rachel , Nathwani Apsara , Saunders Natasha R. , Cohen Eyal 
Published: November 2023

ImportanceSevere respiratory disease declined during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially due to decreased circulation of respiratory pathogens. However, the outcomes of children with higher risk have not been described using population-based data.ObjectiveTo compare respiratory-related hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and mortality during the pandemic vs prepandemic, among children with medical complexity (CMC) and without medical complexity (non-CMC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based repeated cross-sectional study used Canadian health administrative data of children aged younger than 18 years in community and pediatric hospitals during a pandemic period (April 1, 2020, to February 28, 2022) compared with a 3-year prepandemic period (April 1, 2017, to March 31, 2020). The pandemic period was analyzed separately for year 1 (April 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021) and year 2 (April 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022). Statistical analysis was performed from October 2022 to April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRespiratory-related hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality before and during the pandemic among CMC and non-CMC.ResultsA total of 139 078 respiratory hospitalizations (29 461 respiratory hospitalizations for CMC and 109 617 for non-CMC) occurred during the study period. Among CMC, there were fewer respiratory hospitalizations in both 2020 (rate ratio [RR], 0.44 [95% CI, 0.42-0.46]) and 2021 (RR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.51-0.62]) compared with the prepandemic period. Among non-CMC, there was an even larger relative reduction in respiratory hospitalizations in 2020 (RR, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.17-0.19]) and a similar reduction in 2021 (RR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.54-0.56]), compared with the prepandemic period. Reductions in ICU admissions for respiratory illness followed a similar pattern for CMC (2020: RR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.53-0.59]; 2021: RR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.63-0.70]) and non-CMC (2020: RR, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.20-0.24]; RR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.61-0.69]). In-hospital mortality for these conditions decreased among CMC in both 2020 (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.51-0.77]) and 2021 (RR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.87]).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found a substantial decrease in severe respiratory disease resulting in hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and mortality during the first 2 years of the pandemic compared with the 3 prepandemic years. These findings suggest that future evaluations of the effect of public health interventions aimed at reducing circulating respiratory pathogens during nonpandemic periods of increased respiratory illness may be warranted.
“Consumed by creed”: Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms underpin ideological obsession and support for political violence
Authors: Adam‐Troian Jais , Bélanger Jocelyn J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRadicalization is a process by which individuals are introduced to an ideological belief system that encourages political, religious, or social change through the use of violence. Here we formulate an obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) model of radicalization that links obsessive passion (OP; one of the best predictors of radical intentions) to a larger body of clinical research. The model's central tenet is that individual differences in OCD symptom severity could shape radical intentions via their influence on OP. Across four ideological samples in the United States (Environmental activists, Republicans, Democrats, and Muslims, Ntotal = 1114), we found direct effects between OCD symptom severity and radical intentions, as well as indirect effects of OCD on radical intentions via OP. Even after controlling for potential individual difference and clinical confounds (e.g., adverse childhood experiences, loss of significance, and substance abuse), these relationships remained robust, implying that OCD plays a significant role in the formation of violent ideological intentions and opening new avenues for the treatment and prevention of violent extremism. We discuss the implications of conceptualizing radicalization as an OCD‐like disorder with compulsive violent tendencies and ideology‐related concerns.
Validation of the geometric equivalent field concept in total scatter factor calculations, for half‐, quarter‐ and off‐isocenter asymmetric square fields
Authors: Hmodi Mohammad Samir , Nahili Majeda , Tsalafoutas Ioannis A. , Saad Bassam , Hasan Ali , Anjak Ousamah , Shamout Karlos 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveMonitor unit (MU) verification for any symmetric or asymmetric field is performed using a total scatter factor (Scp), that is calculated based on the geometric equivalent square field (GESF) concept. In this study, we measured the Scp of various asymmetric square fields (ASFs) and their respective GESFs.MethodsSquare half‐fields (SHFs), square quarter‐fields (SQFs) and square off‐isocenter fields (SOFs), with sizes ranging from 3×3 cm2 to 20×20 cm2 were created, by varying the collimator jaws of two Varian iX Linacs (6/18 and 6/23 MV). A semi‐flex ion chamber was used to measure Scp at a depth of 10 cm within a water phantom, at the effective field center (EFC) of all ASFs, and at the isocenter (IC) of their respective GESFs. The later Scp values were corrected by the off‐axis ratio [OAR(r)] of the 40×40 cm2 field size, where r is the distance between EFC and IC.ResultsThe results show that the Scp (EFC) is independent of the type of the ASF (SHF, SQF, or SOF) and no significant difference exists between the 18 and 23 MV beams. Compared with the Scp (IC), the Scp (EFC) increased with increasing r, by up to 2% and 4% for 18/23 and 6 MV, respectively.ConclusionsThe GESF concept provides acceptable accuracy (< 2%) for the calculation of Scp of the ASFs used in most clinical situations (except from SOF with EFC at large r), and thus can be used in MU verification calculations.
Investigating the role of imaging factors in the variability of CT‐based texture analysis metrics
Authors: Varghese Bino Abel , Cen Steven Yong , Jensen Kristin , Levy Joshua , Andersen Hilde Kjernlie , Schulz Anselm , Lei Xiaomeng , Duddalwar Vinay Anant , Goodenough David John 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the robustness of first‐order radiomic texture features namely interquartile range (IQR), coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) derived from computed tomography (CT) images by varying dose, reconstruction algorithms and slice thickness using scans of a uniform water phantom, a commercial anthropomorphic liver phantom, and a human liver in‐vivo.Materials and MethodsScans were acquired on a 16 cm detector GE Revolution Apex Edition CT scanner with variations across three different nominal slice thicknesses: 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mm, three different dose levels: CTDIvol of 13.86 mGy for the standard dose, 40% reduced dose and 60% reduced dose and two different reconstruction algorithms: a deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR‐high) algorithm and a hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm ASiR‐V50% (AV50) were explored, varying one at a time. To assess the effect of non‐linear modifications of images by AV50 and DLIR‐high, images of the water phantom were also reconstructed using filtered back projection (FBP). Quantitative measures of IQR, CV and SD were extracted from twelve pre‐selected, circular (1 cm diameter) regions of interest (ROIs) capturing different texture patterns across all scans.ResultsAcross all scans, imaging, and reconstruction settings, CV, IQR and SD were observed to increase with reduction in dose and slice thickness. An exception to this observation was found when using FBP reconstruction. Lower values of CV, IQR and SD were observed in DLIR‐high reconstructions compared to AV50 and FBP. The Poisson statistics were more stringently noted in FBP than DLIR‐high and AV50, due to the non‐linear nature of the latter two algorithms.ConclusionVariation in image noise due to dose reduction algorithms, tube current, and slice thickness show a consistent trend across phantom and patient scans. Prospective evaluation across multiple centers, scanners and imaging protocols is needed for establishing quality assurance standards of radiomics.
A Novel Self‐Pumping Janus Dressing for Promoting Wound Immunomodulation and Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Zhou Lubin , Liu Fan , You Junyuan , Zhou Bo , Guo Wenlai , Qu Wenrui , Ren Xiuyan , Gao Guanghui 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSelf‐pumping dressings become one of the optimal solutions for the controlled management of chronic diabetic wound exudate and wound healing. However, present self‐pumping dressings are not only prone to breakage of the loose hydrophobic layer but also have cumbersome and complicated preparation steps, which hinder the application of self‐pumping dressings in diabetic wound treatment. Herein, a novel self‐pumping structure of superabsorbent Janus dressing is designed to improve the strength of the hydrophobic layer and promote diabetic wound healing. The Janus dressing consists of a hydrophobic layer with a drainage agent (drainage layer) and a fluffy 3D nanofiber cotton (absorbent layer). Regardless of the thickness of the drainage layer, the drainage agent in the drainage layer provides the fluid to penetrate the drainage layer to the absorbent layer for unidirectional fluid draining. In design proof, the superabsorbent Janus dressing provides unidirectional drainage of inflammatory exudate and regulation of macrophage polarization, resulting in faster diabetic wound healing than single‐layer dressings. Thus, the Janus dressing demonstrates important clinical implications to offer a novel design and preparation strategy for accelerating diabetic wound healing.
Energy Band Engineering Guided Design of Bidirectional Catalyst for Reversible Li–CO2 Batteries
Authors: Lu Bingyi , Wu Xinru , Xiao Xiao , Chen Biao , Zeng Weihao , Liu Yingqi , Lao Zhoujie , Zeng Xian‐Xiang , Zhou Guangmin , Yang Jinlong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLi–CO2 batteries arouse great interest in the context of carbon neutralization, but their practicability is severely hindered by the sluggish CO2 redox reaction kinetics at the cathode, which brings about formidable challenges such as high overpotential and low Coulombic efficiency. For the complex multi‐electron transfer process, the design of catalysts at the molecular or atomic level and the understanding of the relationship between electron state and performance are essential for the CO2 redox. However, little attention is paid to it. In this work, using Co3S4 as a model system, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the adjusted d‐band and p‐band centers of Co3S4 with the introduction of Cu and sulfur vacancies are hybridized between CO2 and Li species, respectively, which is conducive to the adsorption of reactants and the decomposition of Li2CO3, and the experimental results further verify the effectiveness of energy band engineering. As a result, a highly efficient bidirectional catalyst is produced and shows an ultra‐small voltage gap of 0.73 V and marvelous Coulombic efficiency of 92.6%, surpassing those of previous catalysts under similar conditions. This work presents an effective catalyst design and affords new insight into the high‐performance cathode catalyst materials for Li–CO2 batteries.
Multi‐Level Optical Switching by Amorphization in Single‐ and Multi‐Phase Change Material Structures
Authors: Wredh Simon , Wang Yunzheng , Yang Joel K.W. , Simpson Robert E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe optical properties of phase‐change materials (PCMs) can be tuned to multiple levels by controlling the transition between their amorphous and crystalline phases. In multi‐material PCM structures, the number of discrete reflectance levels can be increased according to the number of PCM layers. However, the effect of increasing the number of layers on quenching and reversibility has not been thoroughly studied. In this work, the phase‐change physics and thermal conditions required for reversible switching of single and multi‐material PCM switches are discussed based on thermo‐optical phase‐change models and laser switching experiments. By using nanosecond laser pulses, 16 different reflectance levels in Ge2Sb2Te5 are demonstrated via amorphization. Furthermore, a multi‐material switch based on Ge2Sb2Te5 and GeTe with four discrete reflectance levels is experimentally proven with a reversible multi‐level response. The results and design principles presented herein will impact active photonics applications that rely on dynamic multi‐level operation, such as optical computing, beam steering, and next‐generation display technologies.
Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Chiral 0D Zn(II) Metal Halide Crystals for Multiple Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Chao , Sun Mengjiao , Zhao Peng , Fang Xiaoxue , Zhang Jingran , Guo Yurong , Zhao Guangjiu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe development of metal halides that enable multiple information storage and cryptographic security is highly desirable but remains a challenge. Here, a pair of 0D Zn(II) metal halide enantiomers ZnCl2·R/S‐2‐MP with excitation wavelength‐dependent emission and room temperature phosphorescence properties are reported. Organic ligands via N─H···Cl hydrogen bonding induce structural chirality. In order to stabilize the triplet state exciton and achieve excellent photophysical properties, the organic ligands combine with halogens to promote emission. The differences between the photophysical properties of ZnCl2·R‐2‐MP and ZnCl2·S‐2‐MP are analyzed in depth. Furthermore, combined with femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) results, the long phosphorescence lifetimes may originate from the triplet state emission due to the synergistic effect between the organic components and the inorganic metal halides. The design strategy of advanced multiple anticounterfeiting technology is further extended.