bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noise in Radar Detection
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theories of noise underwent a further change in the 1940s, as physicists, engineers, and mathematicians participated in military research during World War II. Whereas interwar research tackled the nature, causes, and properties of noise, the wartime research focused on the behavior of systems, machines, and devices in noisy circumstances. This linked the concepts of noise to methods for handling intelligence, computing, and information. The noise-centered theoretical treatments of information, communication, and control embodied a certain “ontology of the ambience” that modeled environmental uncertainties with additive noise similar to Brownian motion. Chapter 10 concerns Uhlenbeck’s work for MIT Radiation Laboratory on radar target detection with his student Ming Chen Wang and his colleague Mark Kac. Uhlenbeck et al.’s task was to develop theoretical models to assess the probability of radar detection polluted by electronic noise, environmental clutter, and jamming. The task prompted them to explore new problems about Gaussian processes.
The Moral Law
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Companies span everything from the psychopathic to the brilliant but blemished. At present we attempt to constrain the conduct of companies through regulation. While regulation has been essential, it has not been sufficient to align the interest of companies with those of society. A growing preoccupation of companies with their share prices has intensified the problem. It has deepened the divergence between the interests of those owning and running companies from those of the rest of society. The generation of profit is not itself a problem. Instead, it is the provenance of profit which is the issue and the fact that profit originates from producing as well as solving problems. Underpinning this is the current self-referential formulation of the Golden Rule: ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’ It should be reformulated as a genuinely other-regarding rule: ‘Do unto others as they would have done unto them.’ A corollary of this is the Moral Law of profiting from producing solutions not problems for others. The Moral Law enhances trustworthiness and promotes relations based on trust. It extends concepts of unjust enrichment and account of profit, and it should be the basis of corporate law.
Owning the Problem
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ownership of business is conventionally considered a property right. It confers considerable authority on the providers of finance. However, it has become less appropriate as firms’ dependency on other resources has increased. The alternative stakeholder approach of conferring rights on other parties is widely advocated but has been a source of confusion and proven complex to implement. Instead of diluting accountability to shareholders, the responsibilities as well as rights of shareholders should be recognized. Those responsibilities derive from the firm being part of a system. Owners of firms are owners of a part of the broader system in which the firm resides. They therefore have responsibilities to contribute to the resolution of the system’s problems, as well as rights to financial claims over private property. A plurality of forms of ownership is required to solve the multiplicity of problems that exist in the system. Consistent with this is the large variety of forms of ownership observed around the world. These extend from the Anglo-American widely dispersed stock market listed companies to the more commonly observed parallel forms of stable concentrated and dispersed ownership. Family and state ownership are prevalent forms of concentrated shareholdings around the world, together with employee and foundation ownership in some countries. The parallel system combines stable, long-term shareholdings exposed to firm-specific risks with universally diversified, liquid shareholdings that are subject to global systemic rather than specific risks. They therefore perform different functions in the financing and governance of firms.
Financing Equity
Authors: Mayer Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Finance is central to investment in problem-solving purposes. Risk bearing equity capital is key to this. It encourages investment in bottom of the pyramid entrepreneurship in the poorest countries, in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in left-behind places, and in problem-solving tech start-ups, university spinouts, and scale-ups. This requires institutional investors in capital markets to connect with businesses at the bottom of the pyramid, in left-behind places, and in academic institutions with little experience of business. That is the purpose of finance and financial sectors, but it is not one that it is performing at anything like the required scale. The primary focus of financial institutions is currently on financial risks and returns of their investors. They do not view themselves as being responsible for delivering profitable solutions for other parties. That is the role of business or government not investors. So, finance often involves ‘arms-length’ transactions between finance and business. All the examples here illustrate exactly the opposite—financial institutions and multinational companies actively involved in funding and training bottom of the pyramid entrepreneurs; long-term relationship rather than short-term transactional banking funding SMEs in the regions of countries; and business angels, venture capitalists, and professional advisors mentoring, networking, and growing university start-ups, spinouts, and scale-ups. Institutions should finance and steward implementation of problem-solving purposes in their corporate investments. Global portfolio diversification, inadequate investor expertise, and minority investor regulatory protection have discouraged this. Companies should manage their shareholdings to ensure they have the engaged owners required to fulfil their purposes.
Measuring the Taboo
Authors: Bentley Michelle 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 establishes a discursive analysis methodology for identifying and measuring a taboo. How do we locate the presence and influence of a taboo in respect to International Relations? How do the specific characteristics of a taboo shape what we look for in respect of that taboo’s identification? What types of evidence indicate that an actor adheres to a taboo? How does the rejection of a compliance-centric approach alter current methods for analysing taboos? In answering these questions, the chapter presents a critical analysis of Nina Tannenwald’s research in particular, which contextualizes her claims within the context of the new model of taboo proposed within the book.
Introduction
Authors: Schaefer Stephan M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The introductory chapter places creativity in a historical context and illustrates how instrumental and humanist ‘camps’ of creativity research have emerged since the 1950s. It discusses objectivist and subjectivist research philosophies and how they relate to technical, practical, and emancipatory knowledge interests which have informed the study of organizational creativity. However, after decades of research on creativity, a precise definition of creativity is still missing. Hence a sensitizing concept of organizational creativity inspired by a practical, and to some extent critical knowledge interest, is suggested which comprises the overarching dimensions of context, process and practice. This conception captures the multi-dimensional nature of organizational creativity and constitutes the analytical framing for the subsequent arguments of the book.
Theorizing Organizational Creativity
Authors: Schaefer Stephan M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses different theoretical conceptions of organizational creativity to lay the analytical foundation for subsequent chapters. To contextualize the discussion and highlight various dimensions, it presents eight metaphors of organization and their significance for organizational creativity. It then singles out four influential metaphors —organism, brain, culture, and transformation and flux—and analyses in depth how they link to different theories of organizational creativity such as interactionist models (organism), design thinking (brain), cultural perspectives (culture), and process theories (transformation and flux). These four metaphors and their associated theoretical perspectives are linked to context, process and practice as key dimensions for organizing creativity.
Evaluating Ideas
Authors: Schaefer Stephan M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The focus of the following chapter is on the evaluation of ideas. To analyse the context of idea evaluation, the notion of orders of worth is introduced and seven specific orders of worth and their significance for organizing creativity are discussed. The chapter then presents possible outcomes of evaluation processes such as acceptance, rejection, and friction. It singles out friction as a possible outcome to illuminate the potentiality of stimulating productive dissonance which refers to navigating the tension between different orders of worth and a willingness to find a compromise in the form of a synthesis of divergent interests. With a view to idea evaluation practices, transactional and transformational approaches are distinguished and a typology of evaluation practices is suggested.
eBay
Authors: Brooker Paul , Hayward Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Meg Whitman was not the founder of eBay, she developed it into a corporation and then a global, iconic corporation. eBay was one of the early Internet start-ups of the mid-1990s, and this pioneering e-commerce firm soon became the leading online-auction site. eBay was then scaled-up by new CEO Whitman, using the standard six rational methods plus learning as a seventh. By 2000, she had developed eBay into a corporation and was diversifying it into a platform for fixed-price as well as auction selling. Her global expansion of eBay had it operating in thirty countries by the mid-2000s. The chapter’s final section compares Whitman’s opportunities at eBay with the better long-term opportunities offered to Amazon’s founder and developer, Jeff Bezos. Although Amazon was founded in 1995 as an online bookseller, it soon developed into a major online retailer, and in the 2000s found further opportunities to expand.
Chrysler
Authors: Brooker Paul , Hayward Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lee Iacocca redeveloped the Chrysler car corporation in the 1980s in a ‘comeback of the century’, which also launched the minivan and later popularized the SUV (sport utility vehicle). The redevelopment had two stages. The first was the famous ‘comeback’ in the early 1980s, when near-bankrupt Chrysler underwent a drastic cost-cutting turnaround as well as a reorienting redevelopment. CEO Iacocca reoriented by prioritizing front-wheel drive automobiles and diversifying into an innovative new product—the minivan—that bolstered his remedial renewal of Chrysler. However, he left the redevelopment unfinished until a late 1980s hybridizing merger with American Motors Corporation (AMC). This second stage of the redevelopment was a hybridizing takeover that gave Chrysler the AMC Jeep SUV to popularize in the 1990s. More importantly, Chrysler acquired some much-needed platform-team product development, thanks largely to hybridizing leadership by Bob Lutz. He joined Iacocca in a dual-leadership team that lasted until the CEO retired in 1992.
Voices from the Sea
Authors: Webster Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the primary documentary sources, such as sea journals, voyage memoirs, and parliamentary testimonies used throughout the book, and excavated repeatedly for data about British slaving voyages. To help set these documents in context, this chapter also provides background information concerning how, and by whom, slave ships were crewed. It also highlights the different contexts in which first-hand accounts of the Middle Passage were produced, paying detailed attention to the parliamentary inquiries conducted into the British slave trade between 1788 and 1792, and to publications sponsored by the nascent abolition movement during the same period. Finally, the chapter turns to the few surviving African narratives describing a Middle Passage on a British ship.
From Ship to Shore
Authors: Webster Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 considers the European manufactured goods bartered for captives on the West African coast. It asks: Where were these goods made? How had they been selected and purchased? How were they shipped? How were they exchanged, and, finally, in what ways were they used in Africa? The slave trade was a barter trade, involving material dialogues that, it is argued, impacted on the practices of the Europeans who bartered for captives, the Africans who supplied them, and the communities to whom trade goods were redistributed. The discussion centres on three artefact categories especially important to the British trade: glass beads, cotton cloth, and sheet brasswares. They are considered through the lens of object biography—a relational approach to material culture that explores the interactions between people and things and explores how the meanings of objects accumulate and are transformed over time and context.
Technologies of the Body on the Floating Pesthouse
Authors: Webster Jane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 9 is the first of three to follow the slave ship on its Atlantic crossing from the African coast to the Caribbean and USA and is concerned specifically with the ship’s medical and cleansing regimes. While at sea, captives and crews sweated, overheated, dehydrated, defecated, urinated, bled, sickened, self-harmed, committed suicide, and in some cases died. This chapter asks: What were the technologies employed to mitigate the physical frailties of captives and crews? How was it possible, despite all, to keep the majority of those on board alive? It is argued that medical regimes on slave ships reflected contemporary discourses concerning the transmission of disease, and awareness within the merchant marine of the navy’s approach to combatting sickness and preserving health. At the same time, perceived differences between the black body and the white also fundamentally informed shipboard practices.
A Model for Change in Modal Theory and Practice
Authors: Dodds Michael R. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nature of the transition from the Renaissance modes to the major and minor keys of the high Baroque has long remained one of music history’s most challenging questions for reasons of scope, complexity, and the fraught relationship of theory and practice. In responding to these challenges, scholars have tended toward either of two contrasting historiographic approaches: historicism or presentism. This book reconciles these perspectives in the history of music theory to propose a model for change. The essence of this model is the dynamic interaction of three historical and conceptual layers arising successively in the Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque eras: (1) the tonus–modus continuum within medieval chant theory; (2) monophonic vs. polyphonic modal traits articulated in Renaissance theory; and (3) vocal vs. keyboard ways of organizing tonal space arising with the introduction of basso continuo c. 1600.
Reservoir Limnology
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While reservoir building began centuries ago, the mid-twentieth century saw massive reservoir construction in the northern hemisphere; now such reservoir building has hit the tropics full scale. Reservoirs are primarily built for irrigation, urban water supply, hydroelectric power, and industrial use. Reservoirs turn lotic into lentic systems, changing the entire stream benthic-based biota into a plankton-based ecosystem. The phytoplankton productivity and type of dominating plankton is controlled by water residence time and turbidity associated with rapid flow. Compared to lakes, reservoirs have higher suspended solids, higher nutrient loading, greater eutrophication, greater mixing, more invasive species, and less shoreline development. Reservoirs on large rivers have riverine, transitional, and pelagic zones characterized by differing suspended matter and productivity, while reservoirs fed by multiple streams can have less clear zonation and high biotic diversity but are also highly subject to invasive plant problems. In urban or agricultural regions inputs of nutrients cause massive harmful algal blooms, bottom-water hypoxia, and drinking-water problems.
Protecting and Restoring River Ecosystems
Authors: Mallin Michael A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To avoid stream degradation from urbanization or other alterations, a number of proven stream protection means are available. Wherever possible, impervious surface coverage should be limited and decoupled from contiguous impervious stormwater removal systems. Use of pervious pavements increases stormwater removal and treatment, and wetlands need to be protected for their habitat and stormwater removal and purification functions. Construction of treatment wetlands, if properly sized, is an effective way to treat stormwater, as are constructed sand filters, biofilters, swales, and rain gardens. Stream restoration involves spreading out stream meanders if possible to absorb higher discharges, installing rock vanes and root wads, bank restoration, and revegetation—but especially removal of pollutant loading at the source. Reintroduction of native species is often desirable. Whole-stream restoration, and especially river restoration, must include buy-in from the various civil authorities, civic groups, recreational users, industrial users, and other parties, which may often involve international negotiations.
Beneath the Surface: Invasive Disease by Nonencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Authors: Zintgraff Jonathan Cristian , Sanchez Eluchans Nahuel , Gagetti Paula , Martinez Celeste , Dina Pedersen , Moscoloni María , Lewis Adrian , Lara Claudia , Corso Alejandra 
Published: November 2023

This case report describes a bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia episode involving the first non-typeable (NT) Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease, according to the national epidemiology in the last five years and the fulfil characterization of the S. pneumoniae isolate, including its genetic background.
Blastococcus carthaginiensis sp. nov., isolated from a monument sampled in Carthage, Tunisia
Authors: Kammoun Ikram , Hezbri Karima , Sbissi Imed , del Carmen Montero-Calasanz Maria , Klenk Hans-Peter , Gtari Maher , Ghodhbane-Gtari Faten 
Published: November 2023

A comprehensive polyphasic investigation was conducted to elucidate the taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, designated BMG 814T, which was isolated from the historic ruins of Carthage city in Tunisia. It grew as pink-orange pigmented colonies and displayed versatile growth capabilities, thriving within a temperature range of 20–40 °C, across a pH spectrum ranging from pH 5.5 to 10 and in the presence of up to 4 % NaCl. Chemotaxonomic investigations unveiled specific cell components, including diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminoglycophospholipid, six unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified lipid in its polar lipid profile. Furthermore, galactose, glucose and ribose were identified as the primary cell-wall sugars. Major menaquinones identified were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-9, while major fatty acids comprised iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1
ω8c and C18 : 1
ω9c. Through phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was positioned within the genus

Blastococcus

, with Blastococcus capsiensis BMG 804T showing the closest relationship (99.1 %). In light of this, draft genomes for both strains, BMG 814T and BMG 804T, were sequenced in this study, and comparative analysis revealed that strain BMG 814T exhibited digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values below the recommended thresholds for demarcating new species with all available genomes of type strains of validly names species. Based on the polyphasic taxonomy assessment, strain BMG 814T (=DSM 46848T=CECT 8878T) was proposed as the type strain of a novel species named Blastococcus carthaginiensis sp. nov.
The Australian Genomics Mitochondrial Flagship: A National Program Delivering Mitochondrial Diagnoses
Authors: Rius Rocio , Compton Alison G. , Baker Naomi L. , Balasubramaniam Shanti , Best Stephanie , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Boggs Kirsten , Boughtwood Tiffany , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Bratkovic Drago , Bray Alessandra , Brion Marie-Jo , Burke Jo , Casauria Sarah , Chong Belinda , Coman David , Cowie Shannon , Cowley Mark , de Silva Michelle G. , Delatycki Martin B. , Edwards Samantha , Ellaway Carolyn , Fahey Michael C. , Finlay Keri , Fletcher Janice , Frajman Leah E. , Frazier Ann E. , Gayevskiy Velimir , Ghaoui Roula , Goel Himanshu , Goranitis Ilias , Haas Matilda , Hock Daniella H. , Howting Denise , Jackson Matilda R. , Kava Maina P. , Kemp Madonna , King-Smith Sarah , Lake Nicole J. , Lamont Phillipa J. , Lee Joy , Long Janet C. , MacShane Mandi , Madelli Evanthia O. , Martin Ellenore M. , Marum Justine E. , Mattiske Tessa , McGill Jim , Metke Alejandro , Murray Sean , Panetta Julie , Phillips Liza K. , Quinn Michael C.J. , Ryan Michael T. , Schenscher Sarah , Simons Cas , Smith Nicholas , Stroud David A. , Tchan Michel C. , Tom Melanie , Wallis Mathew , Ware Tyson L. , Welch AnneMarie E. , Wools Christine , Wu You , Christodoulou John , Thorburn David R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPurposeFamilies living with mitochondrial diseases (MD) often endure prolonged diagnostic journeys and invasive testing, yet many remain without a molecular diagnosis. The Australian Genomics Mitochondrial flagship, comprising clinicians, diagnostic, and research scientists, conducted a prospective national study to identify the diagnostic utility of singleton genomic sequencing using blood samples.Methods140 children and adults living with suspected MD were recruited using modified Nijmegen criteria (MNC) and randomized to either exome + mtDNA sequencing (ES+mtDNAseq) or genome sequencing (GS).ResultsDiagnostic yield was 55% (n=77) with variants in nuclear (n=37) and mtDNA (n=18) MD genes, as well as phenocopy genes (n=22). A nuclear gene etiology was identified in 77% of diagnoses, irrespective of disease onset. Diagnostic rates were higher in pediatric-onset (71%) than adult-onset (31%) cases, and comparable in children with non-European (78%) versus European (67%) ancestry. For children, higher MNC scores correlated with increased diagnostic yield and fewer diagnoses in phenocopy genes. Additionally, three adult patients had a mtDNA deletion discovered in skeletal muscle that was not initially identified in blood.ConclusionGenomic sequencing from blood can simplify the diagnostic pathway for individuals living with suspected MD, especially those with childhood onset diseases and high MNC scores.