bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Griffith Daniel A , Layne Larry J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the Introduction to Practical Handbook of Spatial Statistics (Arlinghaus 1996a, 1-15), Griffith stresses that spatial statistics is a crucial, rapidly growing, emerging area of statistics, rife with fascinating theoretical and applied research opportunities. This contention is attested to by attention given to the subdiscipline of spatial statistics in recent years by the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National Research Council, and myriad other national and international scientific and academic communities. (Spatial statistics even has a subsection devoted to it in Rediscovering Geography [National Research Council 1997, 65-9].) The methodological subject matter of spatial statistics is concerned with how to conduct a proper statistical analysis of georeferencedI data or of data for which observations may be ordered on a two-dimensional surface and tagged with Cartesian coordinates. Paralleling time series analysis, it differs from classical statistics in that the observations analyzed are not necessarily independent (violation of this single assumption is the crux of the problem). Moreover, observations are correlated strictly due to their relative locational positions (spatial autocorrelation), resulting in spillover of information from one location to another.
Genetic Prospecting
Authors: Southgate Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Even though it is not particularly scarce, standing timber is the most valuable commercial asset found in tropical forests. For humankind as a whole, though, timber is probably of less importance than genetic resources. Although they occupy little more than 5 percent of the world’s land surface, rain forests near the equator are the home of at least half of all plant and animal species (Myers, 1984; Wilson, 1988). Many of these species are threatened with extinction. As mentioned in chapter 1 of this book, Myers (1988) has identified several hot spots in Africa, Asia, and Latin America where tree-covered land rich in endemic flora and fauna is being encroached on rapidly.
Bluebeard As Theater : The Dramatic Heritage ofBaidu;, Symholut Play
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While we know a great deal about the types of music that interested Bart6k in the years prior to Bluebeard, our understanding of the factors that contributed to the unusual dramatic style Bela Balazs adopted for his Bluebeard play is fairly one-dimensional and may be summarized as follows: French symbolism, and specifically the work of Maurice Maeterlinck, formed the predominant influence on the young Hungarian writer. Bal.izs’s dark, atmospheric play about the folk character of Bluebeard shares with Bart6k’s music the fundamental attribute of looking east and west at the same time.
The Music Ofbluebeard’S Castle
Authors: Leafstedt Carl S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In its most familiar form, as published in Perrault’s HiAtoireA ou Contu Ju temps passe, the fairy tale of Bluebeard and his wives tells of a wealthy prince who marries a young woman and gives her the keys to his castle, leaving her free to roam about, with one condition: that she never enter a certain room whose contents he will not reveal. One day soon after the marriage he goes away. His new wife, unable to control her curiosity about the forbidden room, unlocks the door. To her horror she beholds the bloodied corpses of Bluebeard’s murdered former wives. Before she can close the door, the key in her hands falls onto the floor, where it becomes bloodstained-a fateful misstep, for the key is magic, and the crimson stains cannot be removed. Her disobedience is thus revealed to her husband upon his return, but she is saved from a similar death by the sudden appearance of her two brothers, who hastily dispatch the cruel husband with their swords. The rescued woman lives out her days among the splendors of Bluebeard’s castle, sharing her newfound wealth with her family and eventually marrying a kind man who, in Perrault’s words, “made her forget the ill time she had passed with Bluebeard. “
Author’s Preface
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If history is the mirror where future generations are to contemplate the image of generations past, the task of the novel is to be the photograph that captures the vices and virtues of a people, censuring the former with the appropriate moral lesson and paying its homage of admiration to the latter. The importance of the novel of manners is therefore such that its pages often hold the secret of how to reform, if not eliminate, certain social types. In those countries where, as in ours, Literature is in its infancy, the novel must exercise greater influence in the refinement of mores; consequently, when a work appears that seeks to rise above the sphere of the love story or the mere pastime, well may it beg its readers to receive it attentively and stretch out their hands to pass it on to the people. Who knows but what after turning the last page of this book the reader will understand the importance of taking great care with whom we send to govern the destinies, civil and ecclesiastical, of the remote villages of the Peruvian hinterland? Who knows but what he may recognize society’s urgent need for a married clergy? I express this hope encouraged by the faithfulness with which I have sketched from nature, offering my copies to the reader so that he may judge and decide.
3
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In almost every province where alpacas are raised and the wool trade is the chief source of wealth, the principal merchants, some of the richest men in town, practice the custom of advance payment. They force money on the Indians; and they appraise the wool the Indians must deliver to repay these advances at so low a price that the capital they invest yields them in excess of five hundred percent, a degree of usury so extreme, and obtained with such extortion, that there almost has to be a hell to punish the savages who practice it. The Indians who own alpacas leave their huts when the time for these advances comes, so as not to receive money that is as accursed for them as the silver coins of Judas. But can they find safety by leaving their homes and roaming the solitary peaks? No. The collection agent, who also distributes the advances, breaks into the hut, whose flimsy lock and leather door offer no resistance; he deposits the coins on top of the corn mill and leaves at once. A year later he returns to collect, armed with a list that for the unhappy and unwilling debtor is the sole witness and judge, and accompanied by an escort of ten or twelve mestizos, sometimes masquerading as soldiers. Using a special scale with stone weights, he extracts fifty pounds of wool for every twenty-five pounds owed; and if the Indian hides his only property, if he protests and curses, he is subjected to tortures that the pen is loath to recount, even if granted a special dispensation for the more shocking cases.
18
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the first sound of bells and gunshots, Don Fernando’s terrified staff had fled in search of safety, realizing they were in the line of fire. Don Fernando was getting ready to defend himself, and in his shirtsleeves he went for his hunting rifle with its good stock of ammunition; but Luda stopped him, repeatedly begging him in her distress, “No, Fernando dearest, no! Save yourself, save me, let’s save ourselves!” ‘‘And how can we do that, my love? This is the only way, because if we don’t defend ourselves we’ll die,” Don Fernando replied, trying to calm his wife’s agitation.”Let’s get away from here, Fernando,” said Lucia, spurred by her husband’s concluding words.”But how, Lucia dear? Every way in or out of the house is blocked,” Don Fernando replied, taking a box of Remington cartridges and putting it in his trousers pocket.
21
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manuel had not had a single hour’s true rest since the beginning of the sad events that had shaken the people of Killac. As soon as he had arranged for and in part witnessed the removal of Marcela to Lucia’s house, he devoted himself to making prudent inquiries, putting to use that good sense that is the product of a well-ordered and assiduous education. Prudence also caused him to avoid any immediate discussion with Don Sebastian, and he resolved that for the time being he would stay away from Senor Marin’s home. But matters have a way of moving on toward their resolution. One morning, as he returned home, silent and pensive, absorbed by a single thought, he found his mother preparing some suches, which, lying open in an earthenware pan with the appropriate accompaniment of pepper, chopped onion, salt, chili, and lard, were waiting to enter the oven to be cooked. When she saw her son Dona Petronila said, “Manuelito, how you used to enjoy baked suches! Do you remember, tatay? That’s why I’m fixing them myself.
24
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rumors and comments went from mouth to mouth, some accurate, most distorted; and the Indians, ashamed of having so blindly obeyed the summons of the bells and allowed themselves to be tricked into attacking the peaceful home of Don Fernando Marin, were loitering at the edge of town, silent and afraid. Estefano Benites gathered his friends in the “study” of his house where we have seen them playing cards; and when he saw that his ac complices were wavering, he encouraged them by saying, “No use crying over spilled milk, old pals.” “I didn’t think the shot would go wild,” Escobedo replied, playing with his cane. “If the magistrates come, you know what to do,” Estefano instructed them.
2
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manuel was in an extremely difficult position. During the long hours-all day and most of the night-that he spent shut up in his room, he would frequently say to himself, “Even though Don Se bastian’s name does not yet appear in the court records, it’s on everyone’s lips as a guilty party. For now I can’t give a satisfactory explanation of my conduct to strangers who might see me visit Don Fernando Marin’s house, and what they’re likely to say won’t be to my credit. And so I’ll have to be strong; I’ll accept the sacrifice so as some day to be worthy of her... I won’t go there anymore. But good God, what a time to be banishing myselfl Just when my heart belongs to Margarita, when I yearn to take part in the plans Senora Lucia is making for her upbringing! Oh heartbreak, your name is Fate, and I am your child!” As he spoke these last words Manuel dropped onto the sofa in his small room; and with his elbows resting on his knees and his head between his hands, he sat like one plunged into the boundless seas of speculation and doubt. Manuel certainly had a plan, formed by his brain but perhaps in spired by his heart; and feeling compelled to carry it out, he had begun to prepare the terrain for doing so. One day, after much struggle and hesitation, his feelings triumphed over his will, and he told himself, “Whatever people may say, I’m going there tonight.” And for the first time since his arrival he took pains with his hair and his clothes. From the depths of his trunk he took out some gloves that he had bought for his examinations at the university; he prepared his patent-leather boots; and he went out into the garden of his home to wait for the right time.
6
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It took Estefano Benites little time and less effort to find the constables currently on duty; and as soon as he had done so he went with them to the hut of lsidro Champi, who was taking leave of his family to go to the belltower and toll the Angelus, which is done at nightfall with the great bell. Isidro Champi, known by the nickname Tapara, was a tall and powerful agile man of forty, married and the father of seven children, five boys and two girls. That afternoon he was wearing his only suit of clothes, consisting of black trousers with red stripes, scarlet shirt and vest, and a light green jacket. His thick long hair fell on his back in a braid tied with vicufia ribbons, and his head was covered with the jaunty Andalusian cap that the Conquistadors brought to Peru and that the Indians, with their love of picturesque and brightly colored dress, continue to wear.
12
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After bidding his mother good-night, Manuel went to his room, where, sleepless and plunged in thought, he awaited the arrival of the new day. At a suitable time he took his hat and went to Don Fer nando’s house. He entered the parlor, where he found Margarita alone, reading the tales of Thumbkin in an illustrated booklet. Happy to see her, he told himself, “What a good chance to probe her heart and declare my feelings!” and coming up to the girl and embracing her, he said, “All by yourself, and so beautiful!” “How are you, Manuel?” the girl answered, setting the booklet on the table. “My pretty Margarita! This is going to be the first time I talk to you alone. We may only have a few minutes, because I’ve come to see Don Fernando, and so I ask you to listen to me, my Margarita,” Manuel said, through her veins; her cheeks were tinged with scarlet, and she ran from the parlor, saying, “I’ll call my godfather.” As she headed for Lucia’s rooms, instinctively she paused in the hallway to regain her composure. Manuel remained in that ecstasy of the soul that has nothing in common with the sleep of the body, and only the calm words of Don Fernando jarred him out of it.
13
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Once she knew of her husband’s decision and found herself alone with Margarita, Lucia gave vent to her pleasure at the idea of the journey and said to her godchild, “Margarita, you’re going to be very happy with the news I have for you.” “Godmother... ?” the girl interrupted, looking Lucia in the face. “You and Rosalia won’t travel to Lima alone.” “Who else is coming? Are you?” the orphan asked eagerly, while the myriad butterflies of anxiety, enthusiasm, and curiosity fluttered in her mind. “I am, and so is your godfather-the whole family,” Lucia answered, nodding her head as she registered the tally on her fingers.
18
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we were speaking of events in her town, we already had occasion to describe Teodora in the flower of her youth. Her hair was so long and abundant that had she not worn it braided it would have covered her back like a broad mantle of undulating vapor. With that sweet expression that conquered every heart, her appearance was so pleasing and attractive that in his mind Don Fernando could find something like an excuse for the subprefect. He asked the newcomers to sit down and called through the doorway, “Lucia, Lucia!”, at the same time throwing out the stub of the cigarette he had been smoking. Meanwhile Dona Petronila said to her son, in a low voice and smiling slyly, “I’ve caught you, you rascal; I see where you’ve been spending your time.” “Mama!” Manuel brought out like a child making excuses. Don Fernando asked Teodora, “Have you just arrived?”
29
Authors: Clorinda Matto De Turner 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first to jump onto the ground, sinking into mud up to his knees, was Mr. Smith, who at the top of his lungs and in his broken Spanish shouted, “Don’t anybody move, all right? Everybody just stay put!” Numerous heads immediately peered out of the carriage’s windows, now bereft of all glass. The collision that had caused the derailment had also produced some fortunately slight wounds. “What a scare! Enough to make our hearts stand still! Were you very frightened, my love?” Don Fernando said to Lucia. “Terrified, darling! It’s a miracle we’re alive.” “You’re very pale. I wonder whether the bottle of coca broke,” said Marin, looking for a small bag. “Good Lord!” Lucia exclaimed again, peering through the window to see what sort of place they were in and paying no attention to the cries of Margarita, who was holding a Rosalia drenched in blood, nor to the commentaries of the other passengers.
Honeyguides
Authors: Johnsgard Paul A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The honeyguides are a predominately African family, with a center of species diversity in tropical West Africa and in the headwater region of the Congo River (Fig. 18). Snow (1968) stated that all of the four honeyguide genera are associated with evergreen forest in Africa and that the evergreen forest species appear to be morphologically primitive. In his view the family may have evolved as evergreen forest forms, which subsequently became adapted to more arid habitats. Friedmann (1955) stated that, of the 11 species he recognized, 6 are to adapted forests, 3 are associated with open habitats, and 2 occur in both habitat types. Although several species are not yet proven to be brood parasites, there is no evidence to support the possibility that they are not.
American Ground Cuckoos
Authors: Johnsgard Paul A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ground cuckoos of the New World are a relatively small assemblage of mostly tropical species, of which 11 species in five genera have been accepted by Sibley and Monroe (1990). Among these, only the greater roadrunner has been studied in any great detail, and this is also the only species of the group with a range extending north of Mexico. Five of the other species are limited to South America, three species occur both in Middle and South America, and the remaining two are limited to Middle America.
The Virtues of the Vicious
Authors: Andal Keith G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this compelling work, Keith Gandal reveals how the slum in nineteenth-century America, long a topic for sober moral analysis, became in the 1890s an unprecedented source of spectacle, captured in novels, newspapers, documentary accounts, and photographs. Reflecting a change in the middle-class vision of the poor, the slum no longer drew attention simply as a problem of social conditions and vice but emerged as a subject for aesthetic, ethnographic, and psychological description. From this period dates the fascination with the “colorful” alternative customs and ethics of slum residents, and an emphasis on nurturing their self-esteem. Middle-class portrayals of slum life as “strange and dangerous” formed part of a broad turn-of-the-century quest for masculinity, Gandal argues, a response to a sentimental Victorian respectability perceived as stifling. These changes in middle-class styles for representing the urban poor signalled a transformation in middle-class ethics and a reconception of subjectivity. Developing a broad cultural context for the 1890s interest in the poor, Gandal also offers close, groundbreaking analysis of two of the period’s crucial texts. Looking at Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives (1890), Gandal documents how Riis’s use of ethnographic and psychological details challenged traditional moralist accounts and helped to invent a spectacular style of documentation that still frames our approach as well as our solutions to urban problems. Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets (1893) pushed ethnographic and psychological analysis even farther, representing a human interiority centered around self-image as opposed to character and exploring not only different customs but a radically different ethics in New York’s Bowery—what we would call today a “culture of poverty.” Gandal meanwhile demonstrates how both Riis’s innovative “touristic” approach and Crane’s “bohemianism” bespeak a romanticization of slum life and an emerging middle-class unease with its own values and virility. With framing discussion that relates slum representations of the 1890s to those of today, and featuring a new account of the Progressive Era response to slum life, The Virtues of the Vicious makes fresh, provocative reading for Americanists and those interested in the 1890s, issues of urban representation and reform, and the history of New York City.
Psychological Moralities of the Slum
Authors: Andal Keith G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At this point one is perhaps tempted to conclude that Riis and Crane reject harsh moralism and bring moral conceptions about the poor in line with psychological facts. This is how we often view these writers, and this is how we normally imagine psychology: as an amoral knowledge that allows us to lower our ethical demands to a realistic level. But in fact, psychology ceases to be amoral the moment it becomes either normative or prescriptive, and Riis and Crane do not simply lower or discard traditional moral expectations in light of psychology. Crane’s psychology is normative, and Riis’s is both normative and prescriptive: they both assert new ethical objectives. Riis finds in the tough the “hopeful symptom” of pride and imagines social programs built around its cultivation. Crane faults the Bowery for its “cowardice” and praises “inward confidence.” And one does not have to have read Crane’s letters to conclude that the characters in Maggie are too willing to “be knocked flat and accept the licking”: the novel strongly implies that something is wrong with Maggie’s extreme self-doubt, just as it indicates that Jimmie’s and Pete’s relentless self-promotion has something unseemly about it.
Archaeal Portraits
Authors: Howland John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Archaea include some of the most bizarre cells in the entire living world. Some of them have the form of isosceles triangles, while others are extended threads, one hundred times as long as they are thick. Still others are precise squares and resemble postage stamps. And quite a few are knobby, irregularly covered with small lobes. On the other hand, many Archaea appear quite unremarkable, taking the form of nondescript rods or spheres, just like the majority of Eubacteria. But, in all cases, the detailed cellular architecture of Archaea is unique. For example, most Archaea have cell walls with chemical compositions unlike any other cell walls in the living world. Likewise, their cytoplasm contains ribosomes that differ in shape and composition from all others. And they all are enclosed by membranes with unique chemical composition and overall appearance, quite unlike those belonging to any other organism that we know about.
From a Historical Perspective
Authors: Howland John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The names Archaea and the earlier Archaebacteria were obviously intended to denote “archaic,” both having been coined at a time when it was believed that these organisms might be of more ancient lineage than any others. Now that view has been modified somewhat, and we reckon that the archaeal and eubacterial lineages are of equal (and great) age, so that the most important landmark in early evolution becomes the point at which the two prokaryotic groups branched and became distinct. The current view is that this happened about 3.5 billion years ago. The thermophilic members of both groups do appear to be the most slowly evolving—the most ancient in these two very old domains. So especially among these thermophiles, eubacterial and archaeal, one may reasonably expect to find clues about early life and the environment that shaped it.
Making a Living (Obtaining Energy)
Authors: Howland John L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just as one sometimes identifies people by their means of livelihood, one can group microorganisms according to the way in which they manage their energy supply. Thus, photosynthetic bacteria obtain energy from sunlight, whereas most aerobic microbes obtain it from respiration. But, just as classification of people according to how they make a living may ignore their most important human attributes, so does grouping organisms according to energy source omit much of significance. For one thing, it says almost nothing about evolutionary relationships: usually, evolutionary classification (e.g., via RNA base sequences) and grouping according to energetics have very little connection.