bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building the Mammalian Sector of the Tree of Life: Combining Different Data and a Discussion of Divergence Times for Placental Mammals
Authors: O’Leary Maureen A , Allard Marc , Novacek Michael J , Meng Jin , Gatesy John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mammals are species that comprise a clade formed by the common ancestor of marsupials, monotremes, and placentals and all of its living and extinct descendants. The oldest fossils that form part of Mammalia (specifically the “crown clade”; see below) are diminutive forms known as multituberculates (Rougier et al.1996, McKenna and Bell 1997, Luo et al. 2002: fig. 1) and members of a clade referred to as Australosphenida (Luo et al. 2002; see also Flynn et al.1999, Rauhut et al. 2002), both of which date to the Middle Jurassic period. Mammals inhabit all land masses of the world (Nowak 1999) and have invaded such a wide range of habitats that they currently can be found living in the air and the sea, on land and within it. To exploit these habitats different mammalian taxa have evolved into the largest animals ever to have inhabited the earth (the blue whale), some of the most intelligent forms of life based on the ratio of brain size to body size (e.g., humans and chimpanzees), and forms possessing such extraordinary behaviors as the ability to echolocate (e.g., certain bats) as a means of understanding their surroundings (Nowak 1999).
Immeasurable Progress on the Tree of Life
Authors: Donoghue Michael J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In listening to the Assembling the Tree of Life (ATOL) symposium in New York, and in reading the manuscripts for this volume, I was overwhelmed by the enormous progress that we have made, over such a short time, on what Darwin so aptly called “the great Tree of Life.” The word “immeasurable”—in the dictionary sense of “indefinitely extensive”— seems to apply perfectly to this situation. But what about the other, more literal, meaning of the word immeasurable? Is phylogenetic progress also “incapable of being measured”? This is the question I want to address. My sense is that there are many facets of “progress” that matter to us and that we would like to be able to measure. For some of these we can devise proper metrics, and we might even be able to provide concrete numbers. For others, as I’ll argue, we aren’t even entirely sure what we’d like to measure, and we’re still a long way from being able to quantify how we are doing.
Summer Florescence: The Sea Around Us
Authors: Lytle Mark Hamilton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For Rachel Carson, 1941 Should have Ended in Triumph. Under the Sea-Wind came out in November to glowing reviews from literary and scientific readers. In the book Carson married her dream of being a writer with her love of the sea. But circumstances once again conspired to rob her of success. This time the source was not personal but a world torn by war. On December 7, one month after the book was published, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. As war fever swept the nation, Mary Scott Skinker captured the feelings of many Americans when she wrote to Carson two days later, “THE WORLD tonight IS DEPRESSING, and thoughts of friends in danger serve but to increase a sense of despair over the inevitable period of years we must face before we know anything resembling peace and securitY:’1
From Babel to Dragomans
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This famous passage from the Book of Genesis expresses the recognition of a distinctive feature of the Middle Eastern region as contrasted with the two other regions of ancient civilisation in the old world. China had substantially one classical language, one script, one civilisation; ancient India likewise, with relatively minor variations. The Middle East had many different unrelated civilisations and many languages which, from the earliest times, created problems of communication. The problem was apparently still unresolved by the time of the New Testament, and there again we have a reference to the situation created by the Tower of Babel, which was, when necessary, solved by what in Christian parlance is called ‘the miracle of tongues’. Let me quote another passage: ‘And how hear we every man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Cappadocra, in Pontus etc... we do hear them speak in our tongues the wonderful works of God’ (Acts 2: 8–11). And again ‘In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues’ (Mark 16:17). And again ‘If any man speak in an unknown tongue, let it be by two, or at the most by three, and that by course; and let one interpret’ (1 Corinthians 14:27).
Iran in History
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In attempting to attain some perspective on Iran in history, I begin, as I think one must, with the Arab-Islamic conquests in the seventh century—that series of epoch-making events following the advent of Islam, the mission of the Prophet Muhammad and the carrying of his message to vast areas east and west from Arabia, and the incorporation of many lands, from the Atlantic and the Pyrenees to the borders of India and China and beyond, into the new Arab-Islamic empire. These events have been variously seen in Iran: by some as a blessing, the advent of the true faith, the end of the age of ignorance and heathenism; by others as a humiliating national defeat, the conquest and subjugation of the country by foreign invaders. Both perceptions are of course valid, depending on one’s angle of vision.
Orientalist Notes on the Soviet– United Arab Republic Treaty of 27 May 1971
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 27 May 1971, a treaty of “Friendship and Cooperation” between Russia, at that time known as the Soviet Union, and Egypt, at that time known as the United Arab Republic, was signed in Cairo by Presidents Nikolai Podgorny and Anwar Sadat.1 The treaty was drafted, signed, and ratified in two languages, Arabic and Russian, both texts being valid. The two signatory governments both published official but nonbinding English translations. Both English versions use British spelling, but otherwise differ on a number of points, some of which may be significant.2 The practice of drawing up international agreements in more than one language is common, though, in order to forestall misunderstandings and difficulties, it is often agreed that one text, sometimes in a language other than those of the contracting parties, will be binding.
Islamic Revolution
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In revolutions, even more than in other forms of political activity, there is an element of theater. This is evidenced by the almost universal use of such words as drama, stage, scene, role, even actor, in speaking of revolutionary events. Revolutionaries are, of course, conscious of this dramatic element. Some indeed, Karl Marx among them, have even used such unkind words as farce and burlesque to describe certain revolutionary activities. We do not hear these words applied to the revolution in Iran.
The Enemies of God
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent events in parts of the Muslim world have revived memories of the Islamic revolution in Iran, and aroused fears that more such revolutions may be in preparation and new Islamic fundamentalist regimes about to emerge, with similar consequences both at home and abroad. Western observers in particular recall with alarm what they saw as the ferocity of the Iranian revolution, when large numbers of people were summarily arrested, tried in batches, and executed, sometimes within hours. Many were deeply shocked by this method of dealing with political opponents by execution, which in various parts of the Western world had been abandoned centuries, or at least decades, ago.
Did You Say “American Imperialism”?
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In February 1991, as the defeated and shattered forces of Saddam Hussein were fleeing back into Iraq, the military commanders and political leaders of the victorious coalition faced a number of choices. One of these was to pursue and destroy Saddam’s Republican Guard, the main prop of the regime. This, some argued at the time, could be done quickly and would enable the Iraqi people and perhaps even much of the Iraqi army to rise against Saddam and overthrow the regime. Others, more cautious, believed that to achieve any real change it would be necessary to advance on Baghdad, occupy the capital, and preside over the installing of a friendly regime. Opponents of this policy argued that such a regime would require continuing support—a military presence, at least for a while, and an ambassador with vice-regal authority. This, they said, would be the imperial method, as used by the British and French, and more recently, in a much harsher form, by the Russians and the Chinese. But the imperial way was not the way of the Americans, who lacked the desire—and some would add the skills—for such a policy.
Mideast States
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For as far back as living memory can reach, and a while further, the countries of the Middle East were disputed between rival, more developed outside powers. There were times—before the rise of Rome, and again after the fall of Rome—when Middle Eastern powers competed for the domination of the known world. But those times are long past, and for many centuries the countries of the Mideast have, variously, enjoyed and endured the attention of outside powers—first the commercial and diplomatic rivalries of mercantilist European states, then the successive clashes of the British, French and Russian empires, of the Allies and the Axis, and most recently, of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. In both peace and war the governments and sometimes the peoples of the Mideast were the object of intensive efforts by outside powers to win their hearts and minds so as to gain access to their communications and resources. And now the picture has changed completely.
Revisiting the Paradox of Modern Turkey
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We live in an age of historical revisionism. In England, young historians are busy chipping away at Winston Churchill, trying to topple him from his pedestal and expose him as a man of many weaknesses and errors. Surely there must be some part of truth in this—Churchill was a man and not a god, and like other men he had his weaknesses and made his mistakes. But for the men and women of my generation, who fought and won a great war under Churchill’s leadership, saving their country and, incidentally, the world from the most odious tyranny known to human history, nothing can belie his achievement or diminish the respect—or should I say reverence—in which we held him and still hold him.
A Time for Toppling
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Among the many arguments that have been adduced for not taking action against the present regime in Iraq, two have received special emphasis. The first is that the governments and peoples of the Middle East attach far greater importance to the Arab-Israeli conflict than to Iraq or any other problem in the region, and that therefore one should begin by solving that. The second is that even a successful attempt at regime change in Iraq would have a dangerous destabilizing effect on the rest of the region, and could lead to general conflict and chaos.
The Ottoman Archives
Authors: Lewis Bernard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ottoman archives of Istanbul have for long been one of the great unknowns of historical scholarship. For many years the general reluctance of Turkish officialdom to allow any questing foreigner to sail the un-charted backwaters of Turkish administration—a reluctance based on well-founded suspicions of Western intentions towards Turkey—was sufficient to exclude Western scholarship from all but the most cursory examination of the Turkish records. Historians were compelled—or rather permitted—to write the history of Europe without any reference to the documents of what was for long one of the greatest of European Great Powers, and even to write the history of Turkey and the Turkish provinces without reference to Turkish documents of any kind.
Pilgrimage of Love
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book engages one of the liveliest theological debates at the turn of the twenty-first century: the significance of the doctrine of the Trinity to the Christian concept of God and to its life of faith. Juergen Moltmann's social trinitarian theology constitutes the most substantial Protestant contribution to this debate. In this book, Joy McDougall offers a reading of Moltmann's major theological writings over the past thirty years from his first major book, The Theology of Hope, to the present, tracing the development of Moltmann's doctrine of the Trinity and its implications for ethics broadly understood.
Introduction The Return of the Trinitarian God of Love
Authors: Mcdougall Joy Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What constitutes the distinctively Christian understanding of God? If we take the scriptures and ecumenical creeds as a reliable witness of the consensus reached among the earliest Christian communities, this question might appear to be easily answered: “God is love” and “God is Trinity.” Indeed, in the early church these two truths of the Christian faith were intrinsic to one another. The doctrine of the Trinity symbolized the divine economy of love —the history of God’s creative, redeeming, and sanctifying presence as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. It provided believers with what Nicholas Lash calls the “ ‘summary grammar’ “ for their profession of faith in the God who is love.
Social Skills Training: A Treatment Manual
Authors: LeCroy Craig Winston 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social skills training (SST) is being increasingly used as a treatment method in working with children and adolescents. Teaching young people social skills is a direct method of influencing how that young person is likely to interact with others in the future. The goal is to teach people the skills needed to sustain social interactions that will lead to positive outcomes. The strategy of social skills training is straightforward: identify the skills needed and select a method to teach those skills (LeCroy, 2002). This structured training approach is characterized by learning skills through practice. Their are various methods for the practice to occur. Typically, young people are taught skills through the use of role play practice with feedback from group members and the group leader. However, skills can also be learned through observing models, reviewing video tapes, reading stories that model the skills, playing games that emphasize the skills, and many other methods.
Multiple Family Groups to Reduce Youth Behavioral Difficulties
Authors: Franco Lydia Maria , Dean-Assael Kara Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mary McKernan McKay, PhD, LCSW Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) continue to be the most common reason for referral to child mental health care in community clinics (Frick, 1998; Kazdin, 1995). Estimates of childhood conduct problems suggest that 5% to 10% of children, ages 8 to 16 years, have persistent oppositional or aggressive behavioral problems (Rowel, Maughan, Pickles, Costello, & Angold, 2002). In urban, low-income communities, prevalence rates for youth externalizing behavioral difficulties range from 24% to 40% which is more than four times the national estimates and makes this a significant mental health problem facing these communities (GormanSmith, Tolan, Henry, & Florsheim, 2000). ODD and CD are of great concern because of their high degree of impairment and poor developmental trajectory in children (Applegate, Lahey, Hart, Biederman, Hynd, Barkley, Joseph, et al., 1997; Lahey, Pelham, Stein, Loney, Trapani, & Nugent, in press).
Why the Battle Was Won, But the War Was Lost
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From her earliest organizational studies of communes to her ground-breaking 1977 book Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books) to her strategic guides to becoming a “Change Master” and helping corporate giants “Learn to Dance,” Harvard Business School Professor Rosa Beth Moss Kantar has been one of the premier strategists in organizational innovation and change. She was one of the first to show how a place could be made for the entrepreneurial spirit to thrive in industrial-era corporations-a respective which led, indirectly if not directly, to the climate which allowed Epsilon to thrive at Autocue.
Challenging the Catch-22 Inside Ourselves
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Underlying the design of the learning laboratories at Autocue Epsilon were well established on principles and practices of “action science”---a 30-year-old set of theories about the relationship between attitudes, beliefs, talk, action, and the innate “theories of the world” which people hold within themselves. Chief among the developers of action science is Chris Argy is, co-author (with Donald Scion) of Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective, (1978, Reading: MA: Addison-Wesley) and (with Robert Putnam and Diana McLain Smith) of Action Science (1985, San Francisco: Josser-Bass). Chris was also an advisor to the Autocue Epsilon project who, significantly, dropped out of his advisor role when the team opted not to challenge the assumptions of AutoCAD‘s senior management right at the beginning.
A Reader‘s Guide for using the Learning History in Organizations and Classrooms
Authors: Roth George , Kleiner Art 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This document was created to help individuals and teams learn from other people‘s experience. In fact, it was originally developed as a response to the dilemmas of traditional measurement, assessment, and evaluation approaches for capturing, reflecting upon and diffusing learning initiatives.1 We knew that conventional assessments “killed” learning in at least three different ways.
The Making of an Author
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Bankim was born on 13 Āsar 1245 Bengali San era (June 26, 1838) in a respected Brahmin family which had been living for several generations in the village of Katalpara (Kā˘FItālpādFIā), some twenty-five miles north of present-day Kolkata. Bankim was the fourth of five children, who included two elder brothers and a sister, and a younger brother.17 The Cattopadhyay family had been exposed to significant westernising influences. In January 1838, the year in which Bankim was born, his father, Jadabcandra, had been appointed deputy collector in the Bengal Civil Service (a division of the Indian Civil Service), to the district of Medinipur (Midnapur) in southern Bengal proper. Thus, in several respects he had been westernised, through a knowledge of English and conformity to British ways. Bankim was to display and increase this influence by attending English-teaching schools. But he also had ready access, which he nurtured, to the roots of his ancestral Hindu religion. The religious influences of his upbringing seem to have been quite eclectic. Prominent among these were S´ākta, that is, Goddess-orientated, and VaiFIsnFI ava (in particular Krishnaorientated) influences. His great-great-great paternal grandfather, Gangananda Cattopadhyay, ran a FItol, a traditional-style school for boys that inculcated Sanskrit-based learning. His father had married Durgasundari-debi, the daughter of a well-known pundit or expert in traditional Sanskrit scholarship, Bhabanicaran Bidyabhusan, who collected and passed on to Bankim a library of Sanskrit works. Bankim was to read avidly from this library.
The Making of a Text
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sir William Wilson Hunter, in his celebrated Annals of Rural Bengal (first published in 1860), writes as follows: Tigers and wild elephants were not the most cruel enemies of the peasant. The English found Bengal in the hands of banditti, and the names of successful leaders of the last century, such as Strong-fisted Khan [note: Zabbar-dast Khan], to be found in every native history, tell a story of rapine and oppression not difficult to read Bands of cashiered soldiers, the dregs of the Mussulman armies, roamed about, plundering as they went. . . . Lawlessness breeds lawlessness, and the miserable peasantry, stripped of their hoard for the winter, were forced to become plunderers in turn. Early in 1771 . [t]hey formed themselves into bands of so-called houseless devotees [note: Sanyassis], and roved about the country in armies fifty thousand strong. “A set of lawless banditti,” wrote the Council in 1773, “known under the name of Sanyasis or Faquirs, have long infested these countries; and, under pretence of religious pilgrimage, have been accustomed to traverse the chief part of Bengal, begging, stealing, and plundering “. In the years subsequent to the famine, their ranks were swollen by a crowd of starving peasants . and the cold weather of 1772 brought them down upon the harvest fields of Lower Bengal, burning, plundering, ravaging The collectors called out the military; but after a temporary success our Sepoys “were at length totally defeated, and Captain Thomas (their leader), with almost the whole party, cut off” On 31st March 1773, Warren Hastings plainly acknowledges that the commander who had succeeded Captain Thomas “unhappily underwent the same fate”.
The Future in the Past: History in the Making
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This goes to the heart of Bankim’s rationale for writing A¯ nandama FIth . We have seen that Bankim was at pains to dismiss any claim to historicity of the narrative. It was not meant to be docufiction, a factual account dressed up in the garb of a novel. By dispensing with historicity, Bankim created space for historicality—the scope to hypothesize a historical trajectory out of actual events of the past. The Sannyasi Rebellion thus became a nebulous backdrop for the reconstruction of a recommended future. The useful beauty of modernity’s stress on the contingency of history, as Kaviraj notes, is that it shows to the discerning eye not only how the world came to be what it is but perhaps more important, how close at times it came to being something else, how “it was possible to change the past in the future, simply by making it the past of a different present” (UC : 109).
Part I: Chapters 1–18
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is summer one day in 1770 in the village of Padacinha, and the sun beats down fiercely. The village is full of homes, but there is no one about. There are rows of shops in the bazaar and lines of makeshift stalls in the marketplace, there are hundreds of mud houses in every quarter, with brick buildings of varying sizes in between, yet today everything is silent. The shops are closed, and no one knows where the shopkeepers have fled. It’s the day for the local market, but the place is empty. The beggars are supposed to come out today, but none are about.
Part III: Chapters 1–12
Authors: Chatterji Bankimcandra , Lipner Julius J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By God’s grace, the year 1770 came to an end. Having despatched over a third of Bengal’s population (exactly how many millions no one knows) to Death’s domain, that ghastly year itself fell prey to time. But in 1771, God was very favourable. There was copious rainfall; the earth produced abundant crops, and those who had survived could eat their fill. But many, emaciated from fasting or lack of food, were quite unable to cope with a full stomach, and many died from this very condition. The earth produced abundant crops, but it was empty of people.