bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Norway 19131–14
Authors: McGuinness Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Letters to Russell suggest that July and most of August were spent on the Hochreith—a usual pattern. The weather was ‘constantly rotten’ (LW to BR 22.7.13).
The weather here is most abominable, it rains all day like mad. Just now a crash of thunder came down and I said ‘Hell!’, which shews that English swear-words are well in my bones. (LW to BR summer 1913)
The undergraduate slang and the mild swear-words are a characteristic sign of good spirits. His work was going exceptionally well. In the same letters he says that he felt nearer than he had ever felt before to the solution of all his problems.
Delayed by flu he arrived in England in late August for a holiday with Pinsent. Pinsent indeed, less favoured than Russell, had been waiting with some anxiety for a letter. A trip to Spain had been planned, but now Wittgenstein suggested other possibilities.
‘He descended into hell’: The Depths of God’s Self-Emptying Love on Holy Saturday in the Thought of Hans Urs von Balthasar
Authors: Oakes Edward T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
1
Any version of the Incarnation-the doctrine that somehow or another (meaning, however conceived) the infinite God became (meaning, was transformed into) a finite human being-requires by definition a correlative doctrine of kenosis (self-emptying) in order to be coherent. For that is what such a doctrine of infinite-becoming finite entails in its very assertion. After all, the infinite can only become finite by emptying itself of its infinity, otherwise it will not have become, been turned into, the finite. In other words, without some notion along the lines of kenosis we are left with sheer paradox. Not that Christian theology can ever dispense with paradox entirely, for everything about the Christian proclamation involves paradox in one form or another. Indeed, because of its doctrine of Incarnation, Christianity might be said to be the quintessentially paradoxical religion. For that reason, the subsidiary doctrine of kenosis cannot be said (at least in its usual guises) to attempt to abolish the paradoxes of Christian doctrine, only to leave them seeming less flagrantly self-contradictory. For example, to say ‘the infinite has become the finite’ is a paradox. To explain that paradox by saying ‘the infinite has emptied itself to become finite’ certainly resolves the paradox.
Empson, Piaget, and Child Logic in Wartime
Authors: Piette Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The child psychologist Jean Piaget’s interviews with children in the 1920s formed the basis of his research into the development of logic and reasoning in the human mind. Empson’s defence of his own brand of metaphysical verse against the charge of escapism is well known. John Haffenden has shown, in the notes to the Complete Poems , the uses Empson makes of early Piaget to bolster his complex and witty disclaimer of escapism, in particular Piaget’s theory of autism and collective monologue in the chatter of children at play in his first important work, The Language and Thought of the Child (1926). The Leavisite brickbat that metaphysical modernist poetry iswilfully egocentric and obscure, withdrawn from the social world of moral realities, self-indulgently revelling in redundantly puzzling language games, is cleverly related to Piaget on primitive child logic because of Leavis’s turn against Empson after the Alice essay.
The Machinery of a Rich and Full Response: Empson as Philosopher-Critic
Authors: Norris Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Empson was never much given to ‘philosophy’ in the various forms that achieved academic prominence during the period (roughly 1930 to 1970) when his work nevertheless engaged a whole range of distinctly philosophical interests and concerns. Nor was he well disposed towards ‘theory’ in the sense of that term which took hold among mainly French-influenced literary intellectuals from the early 1970s on but which first emerged — and had already attracted Empson’s hostile notice — with the American New Criticism some three decades earlier. All the same he was a highly original theorist and philosopher-critic — without rival in this country at least since Coleridge — and one whose contributions have been drastically undervalued, in part no doubt through his own keenness to abjure any credit (or blame) in that regard but also through his habit of adopting positions strongly at odds with just about every tenet of ‘advanced’ theoretical wisdom.
Commentary
Authors: Mcgroarty Kieran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Plotinus begins by attacking the equation of living well and eudaimonia, which was accepted by Aristotle,3 Epicurus, and the Stoics. Without further qualification in ontological terms, this equation, Plotinus insists, logically gives plants and animals the possibility of a share in eudaimonia. Since, Plotinus insists, mutatis mutandis, plants and animals can satisfy the basic criteria of living lives proper to their own natures without impediments, and living lives through to their own proper ends, then they cannot be denied eudaimonia, if eudaimonia is to be found in life in general.
The Crisis of Government
Authors: Campbell Gordon , Corns Thomas N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The precise date of Milton’s return from continental Europe remains uncertain. He himself, writing in 1654, recalls, ‘I returned home after a year and three months, more or less, at almost the same time as Charles [I] broke the peace and renewed the war with the Scots, which is known as the second Bishops’ War.’ The skirmish at Newburn-on-Tyne to which he alludes took place on 28 August 1640. If the usual assumption, that he left England about May 1638, is correct, and if he has remembered the length of his absence, the date of his return would have been about August 1639.
Posthumous Life and Nachlass
Authors: Campbell Gordon , Corns Thomas N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Milton died on the night of 9–10 November 1674. He was buried beside his father near the altar in St Giles Cripplegate on 12 November. The significance of burial in a conformist church is difficult to ascertain, especially as it is not clear whether the choice was Milton’s or that of one of his surviving relatives. Bunhill Fields, the cemetery of puritan England, might have been a more fitting and convenient choice; Milton’s home was almost opposite it. But the timing made interment there less likely than would have been the case a few years later. Cartloads of bones from the charnel house in St Paul’s churchyard had been buried there in 1549, and in 1665 it was decided to use the site for a plague pit.
Forms of Elegy: Stevenson, Muldoon, Hill, Fisher
Authors: Leighton Angela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elegy is a form defined by content. Although this was not always the case, the Greek and Roman elegy having a strict verse-form and a ‘fairly broad range of topics’, the word in the modern period has been largely associated with ‘mortal loss and consolation’.1 As a result, according to Jahan Ramazani, the genre now ‘permeates a wide range of poems about war, love, race, gender, meditation, the self, the family, and the poet’.2 His definition, relying on that prolific ‘about’, hints at a list which might continue indefinitely. As long as the work is ‘about’ death or loss, however loosely defined, it can be classed as an elegy. It need not even necessarily be a poem. Virginia Woolf wondered if she might call her novels elegies, since their themes and moods as well as their poetic styles seemed essentially elegiac. Elegy, unlike almost all other literary genres, takes its name from what it is about, rather than from any conventional structure.
Anonymity, Violation, and Memory Loss
Authors: Carroll Maureen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The inscribed texts on funerary monuments play an important role in naming the deceased and his or her position in society. As Connerton highlights, the fact that something is inscribed demonstrates a will to be remembered. If there is one thing that the majority of epitaphs have in common it is the naming of the deceased. How important was the survival of one’s name? For Pliny the Younger, at least, nothing affected him so strongly ‘as the desire of a lasting name’.2 This sentiment is echoed in the epitaph of Marcus Antonius Antius Lupus, a military tribune put to death by the emperor Commodus. The inscription expressed the conviction that despite his treatment by Commodus his name would be a cause for perpetual celebration.
Statement Of Aims
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Religion is action. Actions are carried out by people. But not everyone can or may do everything. Even in ancient religions there were specialists, holders of enduring functions. They might look after sanctuaries, prepare great feast days, carry out special rituals, perform burials, or act as political advisers. The aim of this book is to uncover this personal infrastructure of the city of Rome. Accordingly, the annual lists cover all religious specialists belonging to cults attested in Romefor every year between 300 bc and ad 499, from pontifex maximus to servus publicus.
Livy, Priests’ Names, and The Annales Maximi 1
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prerequisite for any prosopographical study is a comprehensive critique of sources. In the case of a prosopography of the Republican priesthoods, as is attempted here in the biographies section, such a critique is lacking. In the following I attempt to link the difficulties confronting us in respect of information on priestly offices, cooptations, and deaths, with a general critique of the sources for Livy’s historical oeuvre. My analysis includes the controversial annales maximi of the supreme pontiffs, and offers a new interpretation of those records.
Religion And Administration In The Late Imperial Period
Authors: Rüpke Jörg 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The office of the pontifex maximus is widely seen as the most important symbol of religious centralization in the Roman Empire. Although the office increasingly became a normal component of the emperor’s honorific style, this loss of autonomy by the office was seen not as a loss of its religious significance, but as a token of the sacralization of the office of Augustus. The integration of priestly offices into senatorial and equestrian careers did not lead to analogous interpretations. On the contrary, in this area the normal conclusion was that there had been a loss of religious significance, that priestly office was an indication less of specialist religious roles than of political success and Imperial favour.
Freud and psychoanalysis
Authors: Surprenant Céline 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychoanalytic literary criticism emerges specifically from a therapeutic technique which the Viennese neurologist Sigmund Freud developed for the treatment of hysteria and neurosis at the end of the nineteenth century. A description of the cure, which one of Freud’s patients ingeniously called ‘the talking cure’, gives an idea of the unusual origin of this approach to literature. The therapy evolved from the initial observation that patients were relieved of their neurotic symptoms by recalling the memory of certain events and ideas related to infantile sexuality. During the cure, which consists of an interchange of words between a patient and an analyst, the latter draws the patient’s attention to signs of forgotten or repressed memories which perturb his or her speech. But, for the therapy to work, the patient must obey the fundamental rule: namely, he or she must say everything that comes into his or her mind, ‘even if it is disagreeable, even if it seems unimportant or actually nonsensical’. A first difficulty lies in the fact that I am pressed to tell embarrassing thoughts which I would rather keep quiet about.
Psychoanalysis after Freud
Authors: Paccaud-Huguet Josiane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The conceptual edifice of psychoanalysis could not have developed without philosophy, the arts, and, more recently, linguistics and poetics. We shall focus in this chapter on Jacques Lacan’s project grounded in the premise that the unconscious is ‘structured like a language’, which in turn can highlight important aspects of the life of signs in human societies. There are two major, but not mutually exclusive, periods in Lacan’s work. The years inspired by structuralist linguistics, which brought forth the signifier, the signifying chain, the Symbolic, the Name of the Father, desire, and the subject enmeshed in the other’s discourse, and the post-structuralist years of the return to poetry—’I was not enough of a poet’, he claimed in a late seminar. Aware of historical variations in the structure he attempted to map out, he did not hesitate to give a revolutionary impulse to his own concepts (i.e. literally making them revolve) in order to highlight a dimension so far concealed by over-emphasis on the Symbolic.
Deconstruction
Authors: Thomson Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the French philosopher Jacques Derrida did not invent the term ‘deconstruction’—he found it in a dictionary—it was an obsolete and archaic word when he first started to use it in the 1960s. Yet these days you are just as likely to come across it in a newspaper or in the title of a film such as Woody Allen’s Deconstructing Harry as in an academic journal, and in the field of architecture or of environmental policy, as in literary studies, where Derrida’s work first made an impact in the English-speaking world.
Ibsen’s Visual World Spectacles, Painting, Theater
Authors: Moi Toril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In mid-June 1873, shortly after finishing Emperor and Galilean, Ibsen left Dresden for Vienna to spend a good part of the summer as the Dano-Norwegian representative on the jury for painting and sculpture at the Universal Exhibition. On 30 August 1873, he published a short notice about the experience in Morgenbladet. After listing the members of the jury and discussing the distribution of medals among the different nations, he warns readers against drawing any conclusions about the strengths of each nation’s art from the numbers: “In addition to this, medals could only be given to living artists, and only for works created after the year 1863, a circumstance to which some countries, notably England, had paid no heed. The consequence was that although the English exhibition consisted almost exclusively of masterpieces, it only received a relatively low number of medals” (19: 143). The passage dismayed Ibsen’s biographer Michael Meyer:
“First and Foremost a Human Being” Idealism, Theater, and Gender in A Doll’s House
Authors: Moi Toril 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emperor and Galilean is pivotal in Ibsen’s work, literally as well as figuratively. It stands in the middle of his production: twelve plays come before, twelve plays come after. This enormous double play, a world-historical prose tragedy, also stands alone at the center of Ibsen’s œuvre. Four years (an unusually long gap for Ibsen) separate Emperor and Galilean from its neighbor on either side. In 1869 Ibsen finished The League of Youth, an entertaining comedy about politics and inauthenticity. In 1873 he published Emperor and Galilean, and in 1877, Pillars of Society. Together these three plays constitute Ibsen’s transition from being the author of Brand (1866) and Peer Gynt (1867) to becoming the author of A Doll’s House (1869). Of these three, Emperor and Galilean is by far the most important for an understanding of Ibsen’s modernism, for here Ibsen develops not just a full-scale analysis of modernity in Europe, but a new understanding of what theater is and what it can do. It also marks the moment in which Ibsen breaks with Norwegian nationalism and defines himself as a European: the immodest subtitle “A World-Historical Play” says it all. After Emperor and Galilean, Ibsen’s Norwegians are Europeans.
‘Dolphins in the Sea’ (Isthmian 9. 7): Pindar and the Aeginetans
Authors: Hornblower Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The title of my chapter alludes to the creatures whom Pindar memorably compares to the Aeginetans, maritime and music-loving worshippers of Apollo Delphinios (see below, n. 3). My subtitle declines the obvious ‘Pindar and Aegina’, because it is Pindar’s people I am chiefly interested in, and I want to avoid the usual scholarly misuse of single geographical abstractions to designate plural political agents (‘Corinth’, ‘Sparta’, and so on, meaning the male decision- taking elite). But one must start with the island itself, because Pindar was acutely and eloquently conscious of its singularity as a place.
A critical review of the application of economic evaluation methodologies in occupational health and safety
Authors: Tompa Emile , Dolinschi Roman , Niven Karen , de Oliveira Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With limited time and competing demands on scarce funds, many organizations are apt to focus only on those occupational health and safety (OHS) issues that are required by law, or the ones demonstrated to have an impact on the bottom line. Prevention initiatives may not always bring financial returns, yet if an intervention has health and safety benefits, then it still may be a good business decision for some organizations. Essentially, doing a good job of health and safety is regarded by some organizations as a critical part of business, and is considered a key benefit in its own right. Nonetheless, information on the costs and consequences of an OHS intervention is an invaluable input into the decision of whether or not to undertake it.
Consequences
Authors: Tompa Emile , Dolinschi Roman , de Oliveira Claire 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter is about measuring the consequences of occupational health and safety (OHS) interventions. Consequences include changes in health states, as well as non-health values created and resources saved. Improvements in health or reductions in its rate of deterioration, are the most important outcome of interest in OHS. Health is of value to individuals for several reasons; it is of value for its own sake and also because it makes other things possible. Good health facilitates the fulfilment of social roles, such as working, domestic responsibilities, parenting, undertaking community service, and enjoying leisure. Reductions in work disability and their related productivity implications are central to OHS interventions. These are attained through interventions directed at primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention (see Box 11.1 for definitions). Other important values created and resources saved due to OHS interventions include reduced claims administration expenses, reduced health care expenditures and reduced out-of-pocket expenses for workers.
Parasitism and hybrid zones
Authors: Moulia Catherine , Joly Pierre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hybridization between animal taxa was underestimated for a long time and its contribution to the dynamics and evolution of biodiversity has been understated. The first studies and analyses explained hybrid zones as transient phenomena and barriers preventing genetic exchanges between two taxa. Then, further studies describing long-lasting hybridizations with substantial genetic exchanges revealed that, depending on the case, the fitness of the hybrids could be inferior, equal, or superior to the fitness of the parents. The issue became how to determine the selective factors favouring or disfavouring hybrids, and among them the internal (genetic) or external (environmental) factors. Of the biotic factors, parasitism represents a major evolutionary constraint which may influence hybridization favourably or unfavourably.
Introduction: Words for Music: In Search of the Irish Omphalos
Authors: White Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the stone that marks the centre of the Irish world? Some remembrance would surely be graven upon it. Some formula, or incantation, that if repeated often enough would return all things to one thing, and all expression to one mode of expression. A bardic impulse to recall and convey might be discerned in this motif at the Irish epicentre. If we could adequately imagine such a thing, such a phrase rich in its fine-spun capacity to generate the future tense of all experience within its own remembrance, the ‘blunt and falling music’ of a pump would be synonymous with its description, and not only in English. The music of language and the language of music would be one and the same thing. Perhaps, as some historians of language suggest, they once were.2 No one, in any case, could dispute the growth of music in western culture as a provisional support for language.
W. B. Yeats and the Music of Poetry
Authors: White Harry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two years before his death, W. B. Yeats broadcast a series of programmes on the BBC in which his poems were recited and sung. In his prefatory remarks to the first of these broadcasts, Yeats was careful to distinguish clearly for his audience what he meant by ‘singing’: Both the folk singers and the speaker of verse must keep within the range of the speaking voice and the range of the speaking voice is small. Perhaps the folk singer may go a little beyond it here and there but if he goes far he becomes a bird or a musical instrument, and his proper place is the concert platform. Why not fill up the space between poem and poem with musical notes and so enable the mind to free itself from one group of ideas, while preparing for another group, and yet keep it receptive and dreaming? Furthermore to rest and vary the attention I have suggested that certain parts of poems should be sung. There is, however, one point on which I have been emphatic.
Future perspectives
Authors: Marhofer Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Currently, learning tools for, education about, and certification of the use of ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia are under discussion. The consensus is that new learning tools are required to improve teaching in this fast-growing field of anaesthesia. Most of the traditional textbooks already include chapters concerning ultrasound-guided nerve blockade, and new textbooks such as this that focus solely on ultrasound-guided nerve blocks are available. We sincerely hope that our practical and scientific experience, obtained over the past 15 years of clinical experience with ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia, will further the worldwide enthusiasm in this field.
Representation versus action
Authors: Berthoz Alain , Petit Jean-Luc , Macann Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today we are witnessing a breakdown of our scientific discourse on mind and brain into a multitude of disciplines, a plurality of models and levels of approach or explanations. No wonder the plural has been adopted to describe this situation: ‘the cognitive sciences’ or ‘the sciences of cognition’. The same holds at the level of the leading ideas for the cognitive sciences. We are going to claim that the brain is essentially an organ for action, whereas others hold that, on the contrary, the brain is an organ of representation. Many have concluded that the basic division is between those who hold the view of representation for action, and those who hold the contrary view, of action for representation.
A kinaesthetic theory of constitution
Authors: Berthoz Alain , Petit Jean-Luc , Macann Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having dealt with Husserl’s kinaesthetic theory in the preceding chapter, we are now going to consider specific aspects of this theory, which should help us to reflect upon the foundations of a physiology of action. Physiology and modern psychology owe much to certain of Merleau-Ponty’s writings. By going back to his Husserlian sources we will perhaps be able to develop new hypotheses. Reconsidered from a physiological standpoint, Husserl’s theory does indeed appear to have anticipated many of the recent discoveries on the functioning of the brain, from which one might be led to think that it can yield still more new ideas.