bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Binary Reagent (MeO)3P/Me3SiCl and (MeO)3P/CH3CO2H in 5.0 M Lithium Perchlorate/Diethyl Ether. An Efficent Route to the Preparation of α-Hydrazinophosphonates and N-Hydroxy-α-aminophosphonates
Authors: Heydari Akbar , Mehrdad Morteza , Schaffie Mehdi , Abdolrezaie M Saeid , Hajinassirei Rahimeh 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
α-Hydrazinophosphonates (N-hydroxy-α-aminophosphonates) are generated by lithium perchlorate-catalyzed three-component reaction of aldehydes, N,N-dimethylhydrazine (phenylhydroxylamine) and trimethylphosphite/trimethylsilyl chloride (acetic acid). The method utilizes cheaply available reagents and hence it is a practical and cost effective strategy, compared to other methods available in the literature.
Spin-trapping Study of DNA Cleavage Induced by Enediyne C-1027 Chromophore
Authors: Usuki Toyonobu , Inoue Masayuki , Akiyama Kimio , Hirama Masahiro 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
We report the direct observation of radical intermediates in the course of the DNA cleavage induced by the chromoprotein antitumor agent C-1027 using spin-trapping methods. An intriguing difference of behaviors was found between MNP (2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane) and DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide).
Site Control of Tunnel Etching of Al for Electrolytic Capacitors Using Pretexturing by Mold
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Tajima Minoru , Nishio Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
Highly ordered arrays of etched tunnel pits were formed using an Al foil pretexturing process. Shallow concaves formed by imprinting Al using a mold with ordered convexes led to the formation of tunnel pits, and generated an almost ideally ordered array of etched tunnel pits propagating along the (100) plane. The obtained ordered tunnel pits were straight and perpendicular to the surface. The present process will be useful for optimizing the surface area of the electrode for electrolytic capacitors.
UV Raman Spectroscopy for Characterization of Chromium Species on Cr-MCM-41
Authors: Wang Ye , Zhang Qinghong , Guo Qian , Chen Tong , Wan Huilin , Ohishi Yoshihiko , Shishido Tetsuya , Takehira Katsuomi 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
UV Raman spectroscopy could distinguish the chromate species on Cr-MCM-41. Only one kind of monochromate species was observed on the Cr-MCM-41 synthesized by a direct hydrothermal synthesis method whereas several types of chromate species possibly including both monochromates and polychromates existed on that synthesized by a template-ion exchange method.
0.6–3.0 wt% of Vanadium on/in Titania Monitored by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Combined with Fluorescence Spectrometry
Authors: Izumi Yasuo , Kiyotaki Fumitaka , Yoshitake Hideaki , Aika Ken-ichi , Sugihara Tae , Tatsumi Takashi , Tanizawa Yasuhiro , Shido Takafumi , Iwasawa Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
Selective XAFS measurements of 0.6–3.0 wt% V sites on/in TiO2 were enabled utilizing a fluorescence spectrometer. The V sites were VIV species in the case of high-surface-area V-TiO2 in contrast to VV species in the case of conventional V/TiO2 catalysts, V supported on HSA-TiO2, and V-TiO2 prepared in the absence of dodecylamine (general sol-gel method).
Another Role of LiI/tert-Butylpyridine in Room-Temperature Molten Salt Electrolytes Containing Water for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Mikoshiba Satoshi , Murai Shinji , Sumino Hiroyasu , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells having nonvolatile electrolytes are desired. We found that photovoltaic performance increased when water was added into nonvolatile organic molten salts in the presence of both LiI and tert-butylpyridine. We achieved 4.2% energy-conversion efficiency for the 1 cm2 cell containing the above electrolyte (AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) without other volatile organic solvents.
Photocatalytic Water Splitting over Spontaneously Hydrated Layered Tantalate A2SrTa2O7·nH2O (A=H, K, Rb)
Authors: Shimizu Ken-ichi , Tsuji Yoshihiro , Kawakami Masato , Toda Kenji , Kodama Tatsuya , Sato Mineo , Kitayama Yoshie 
Published: November 2002

Abstract
A series of layered perovskite-type tantalates with hydrated interlayer space, A2SrTa2O7·nH2O (A=H, K, Rb), exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity for water splitting into H2/O2 mixture under UV irradiation without loading metal co-catalysts.
Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography in pre-operative evaluation of cochlear implant candidates with congenital hearing loss
Authors: Sennaroglu Levent , Saatci Isil , Aralasmak Ayse , Gursel Bulent , Turan Ergin 
Published: November 2002

Recent reports indicate that the cochlear nerve may be absent in some cases of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of cochlear nerve anomaly in cochlear implant candidates with congenital hearing loss using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-seven patients with congenital profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who were being evaluated for the cochlear implant procedure were studied.These patients had high-resolution computerized tomography (CT), through the petrous bone in axial sections. MRI examinations consisted of T1 and turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted 3 mm axial images, and additional 3D Fourier Transform T2-weighted TSE sequences obtained on three different planes (axial, perpendicular and parallel to the internal auditory canal (IAC) i.e. oblique sagittal and coronal, respectively) for the purpose of cochlear nerve demonstration. Results showed that all of the 14 patients with normal CT of the temporal bone, had four distinct nerves in the distal part of the IAC on TSE-MRI. Thirteen patients demonstrated various bony malformations of the cochleovestibular system on CT. MRI revealed the absence of the cochleovestibular nerve in four patients where the IAC was very narrow or completely absent on CT. One patient with severe Mondini malformation who had an enlarged IAC demonstrated an isolated absent cochlear nerve.
Effects of female presence on intrasexual aggression in male lizards, Podarcis hispanicus
Authors: López Pilar , Martín José 
Published: November 2002

AbstractResource value and expected gain in reproduction may affect motivation to fight and the likelihood of winning. Previous experiments have showed that males increase their fighting effort when defending a territory that contains females. However, we hypothesized that for an intruding lizard, the value of a new territory may be lower if he already has a female in his own territory, and consequently, aggressivity should be lesser than if he has no access to any female. We staged encounters between males of the lizard Podarcis hispanicus in outdoor terraria to analyze the outcome and detailed behaviors involved in agonistic interactions in the presence or absence of a female in the terraria of resident and intruders. Our results showed that when a female was present, the level of aggressivity of the resident male was higher; the probability of winning the contest also increased, but only if the intruding male had no females in his own terraria. In contrast, when the intruding male was also the owner of another territory containing a female, residents were less aggressive. We suggest that the lack of information on the reproductive state of an unfamiliar female may be enough to decrease fighting motivation of an intruding male, if he has more expectations of success with his own familiar female. We conclude that differences in expected reproductive success with different females may help to decide the outcome of conflicts between males quicker and cheaper. Aggr. Behav. 28:491–498, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SCL‐90‐R profiles in a sample of severely violent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Bjørkly Stål 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA sample of 39 patients who had committed serious violent acts toward others were assessed with the revised Symptom Checklist (SCL‐90‐R). The SCL‐90‐R is a self‐report symptom inventory for the measurement of psychopathology in psychiatric and medical patients. In addition to the patients' self‐report, an observer‐rated SCL‐90‐R was obtained. This was accomplished by letting one pair of nurses complete SCL‐90‐R ratings for each patient. The first aim of the study was to compare the SCL‐90‐R self‐report scores of the patient sample with the psychiatric inpatient norms [Derogatis LR (1992): Clinical Psychometric Research Inc]. Another purpose of this study was to explore possible trends of discordance between the observer ratings and the self‐reports of the study group. Always considering the limitations of the small sample, it was nevertheless also of interest to look for possible sex differences and differences between violent subgroups and between diagnostic groups in the self‐reported scores as well as in the observer ratings. The most striking findings of the present study were that the self‐reported scores were lower than the inpatient norms for SCL‐90‐R and that the patients' self‐reported levels of distress were significantly lower than those found in the observer ratings. Underreporting of psychopathology as a marker of violence risk is discussed in light of these findings. In this study, women reported higher distress levels than men in the Interpersonal Sensitivity symptom dimension. There were no significant differences concerning SCL‐90‐R ratings between patients who had committed homicide, attempted homicide, or physically assaulted another person in a serious but not life‐threatening way. Aggr. Behav. 28:446–457, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unjustified aggression in preschool
Authors: Monks C. , Ortega Ruiz R. , Torrado Val E. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the nature of unjustified aggression in Spanish preschool children aged 4 to 6 years. Children were assigned to roles in aggression (Aggressor, Victim, Defender, Supporter, and Bystander) on the basis of peer, teacher, and self‐nominations. The roles taken in aggression were examined in relation to individuals' physical strength, social status, and social development. The coping strategies used by victims were also examined. Aggressive children were found to be socially rejected. Defenders were found to be the most popular children in the class, which may place them better to defend others without fear of reprisal or they may gain their status from the act of defending others. The findings also indicate that young victims do not exhibit the characteristics of older victims (e.g., social rejection and physical weakness), which confirms findings with 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds in England [Monks et al. 2002a, 2002b]. It is suggested that these findings relate to the instability of victimisation at this age. Aggr. Behav. 28:458–476, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences between experience of anger and readiness to angry action: A study of Japanese and Spanish students
Authors: J. Martin Ramírez , Carmen Santisteban , Takehiro Fujihara , Stephanie Van Goozen 
Published: November 2002

AbstractIn this study, the individual proneness to anger, either as an experienced emotion or as action readiness, was studied in university students of both sexes in Japan and Spain, administering the Anger Situation Questionnaire (ASQ) to 425 subjects (195 in Japan and 230 in Spain). The feelings of anger experience were higher than the readiness to action in all the samples. This difference between both variables was higher in females than in males, as well as in the Spanish sample compared with the Japanese one. An intragroup analysis in each sex in each country showed that the relative differences between males and females were similar in both countries. These constant differences between both sexes seem to be independent of the cultural context. Aggr. Behav. 28:429–438, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An investigation of the correlations between aggression, impulsiveness, social problem‐solving, and alcohol use
Authors: McMurran Mary , Blair Marie , Egan Vincent 
Published: November 2002

AbstractImpulsivity has been shown to predict aggression and heavy drinking in males, and poor social problem‐solving has been identified as a potential mediating variable in this relationship. We set out to investigate the inter‐relationships among impulsiveness, social problem‐solving, aggression, and alcohol use in a non‐offender sample of British males (N=70). Of our proposed relationships, only two were significant: higher impulsivity was related to poorer social problem‐solving, and poorer social problem‐solving was related to greater aggression. Combining impulsivity and social problem‐solving indicated that poor social problem‐solving, not impulsivity, was what exerted the influence over aggression in this sample. Impulsivity perhaps presents an obstacle to learning in the early developmental years, and the legacy of poor problem‐solving is what later contributes to aggression. Aggr. Behav. 28:439–445, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of biologically potent organotin(IV) and organosilicon(IV) complexes of a sulfur donor ligand derived from 1‐acetylferrocene
Authors: Singh R. V. , Joshi S. C. , Gajraj Anita , Nagpal Pooja 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThe coordination and organometallic chemistry of metal–nitrogen‐ and metal–sulfur‐bonded compounds have come to occupy a prominent position in research due to their economical importance in the field of agricultural, medicinal and industrial chemistry. Although Schiff bases of ferrocene derivatives and their metal complexes with lanthanide and transition metal ions have been synthesized and some of their structures characterized, their interaction with main group metal ions and the formation of their coordination complexes are subjects of current interest. This communication deals with a description of synthetic procedure and structural characterization on the basis of analytical and spectroscopic techniques of a new class of coordination compounds of organotin(IV) and organosilicon(IV) with a sulfur‐containing ligand moiety derived by the condensation of 1‐acetylferrocene and thiosemicarbazide. Finally, attempts have been made to establish a correlation between a variety of biointeraction activities, including antimicrobial activity and antifertility activity, on male rats and the structures of the resulting products on the basis of different constituents and chemical phenomena. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Granule changes of human and murine endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal epithelia are characteristic of piecemeal degranulation
Authors: Crivellato Enrico , Ribatti Domenico , Mallardi Franco , Beltrami Carlo Alberto 
Published: November 2002

AbstractPiecemeal degranulation is a unique pattern of cell secretion that consists of a slow release of granule contents from cytoplasmic secretory granules, which leaves empty chambers that do not fuse with each other or with the plasma membrane. To our knowledge, no cell types other than mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils have been reported in the literature to show morphological features of piecemeal degranulation. In the present study we provide evidence for ultrastructural morphologies characteristic of piecemeal degranulation in entero‐endocrine cells of the human and murine gastrointestinal epithelia. Human biopsy samples were taken from the mucosa of the distal duodenum, proximal jejunum, and colon in 10 patients undergoing endoscopic examination for malabsorption, diarrhea, and/or abdominal pain. Murine gastrointestinal samples were obtained from 10 adult C57 mice. All specimens were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) according to standard protocols. Results showed that different types of gastrointestinal entero‐endocrine cells, in both humans and mice, were recognizable with ultrastructural features diagnostic for piecemeal degranulation, including specific granule and cytoplasmic changes. In the granules, the content was found to be loosely packed or diminished. Notably, altered granules did not fuse with each other or with the plasma membrane, and were characteristically intermingled with normal, resting granules. At times, the release events transformed the granules into enlarged, empty containers. Numerous entero‐endocrine cells presented a rich supply of membrane‐bound vesicles (50–200 nm in diameter) that were free in the cytoplasm or attached to granules. This finding of piecemeal degranulation in gastrointestinal entero‐endocrine cells suggests that such a secretory model might be a general degranulation pattern in cells involved in paracrine‐endocrine secretion. Anat Rec 268:353–359, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective blockade of astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT‐1 with dihydrokainate prevents neuronal death during ouabain treatment of astrocyte/neuron cocultures
Authors: Kawahara Koichi , Hosoya Rui , Sato Hideomi , Tanaka Motoki , Nakajima Takayuki , Iwabuchi Sadahiro 
Published: November 2002

AbstractGlutamate (Glu) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter of the mammalian central nervous system and under normal conditions plays an important role in information processing in the brain. Therefore, extracellular Glu is subject to strong homeostasis. Astrocytes in the brain have been considered to be mainly responsible for the clearance of extracellular Glu. In this study, using mixed neuron/astrocyte cultures, we investigated whether astrocytic Glu transporter GLT‐1 is crucial to the survival of neurons under various conditions. Treatment of the mixed cultures with a low concentration of Glu did not produce significant death of neurons. However, cotreatment with dihydrokainate (DHK), a specific blocker of GLT‐1, resulted in significant neuronal death that was suppressed by an antagonist of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors. These results suggested that astrocytic GLT‐1 participated in the clearance of extracellular Glu and protected neurons from NMDA receptor‐mediated toxicity. When the cultures were treated with ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+/K+‐ATPase, a low concentration of Glu resulted in massive neuronal death that was also suppressed by cotreatment with an antagonist of NMDA receptors. In this case, however, cotreatment with DHK significantly protected neurons from death, suggesting that GLT‐1 was responsible for the death of neurons. The present study provides evidence suggesting that astrocytes use their Glu transporter GLT‐1 to protect neurons from Glu toxicity, but, ironically, also use GLT‐1 to kill neurons through Glu toxicity depending on their status. GLIA 40:337–349, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimizing the tensile properties of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic heart valve stent
Authors: Wan W. K. , Campbell G. , Zhang Z. F. , Hui A. J. , Boughner D. R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractAlthough bioprosthetic heart valves offer the benefits of a natural opening and closing, better hemodynamics, and avoidance of life‐long anticoagulant therapy, they nevertheless tend to fail in 10–15 years from tears and calcification. Several authors, including the present ones, have identified the rigid stent as a factor contributing to these failures. The ultimate solution is an artificial heart valve that has mechanical properties that allow it to move in conformity with the aortic root during the cardiac cycle, has superior hemodynamics, is nonthrombogenic, will last more than 20 years, and mitigates the need for anticoagulants. We have identified a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, that has mechanical properties similar to soft tissue. The purpose of this research is to match the tensile properties of PVA to the porcine aortic root and to fabricate a stent prototype for a bioprosthetic heart valve with the use of the PVA hydrogel. Specimens of 15% w/w PVA were prepared by processing through 1–6 cycles of freezing (−20 °C) at 0.2 °C/min freeze rate and thawing (+20°C) at different thawing rates (0.2 °C/min and 1 °C/min), for different holding times (1 and 6 h) at −20 °C. Subsequently tensile tests and stress‐relaxation tests were conducted on the specimens. The different holding times at −20 °C demonstrated no difference in the result. The slower thawing rate improved the tensile properties but did not produce significant changes on the stress‐relaxation properties. The nonlinear stress–strain curve for the PVA after the fourth freeze–thaw cycle matched the porcine aortic root within the physiological pressure range. The stress‐relaxation curve for PVA also approximated the shape of the aortic root. The complex geometry of an artificial heart valve stent was successfully injection molded. These results, in combination with other preliminary findings for biocompatibility and fatigue behavior, suggest that PVA hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for implants, catheters, and artificial skin. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 854–861, 2002
Heparin release from slippery‐when‐wet guide wires for intravascular use
Authors: Peerlings Camiel C. L. , Hanssen Hans H. L. , Bevers Raymond T. J. , Boelen Erik J. H. , Stelt Bram J. , Korthagen Eva J. M. , Koole Leo H. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractThin metallic wires with an adherent hydrophilic/ lubricious polymeric coating were manufactured in a new extrusion‐like procedure. This procedure is part of a novel and efficient way of assembling lubricious guide wires for intravascular interventions, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. It is reported that heparin can readily be incorporated in the hydrophilic coating. A set of heparin‐containing guidewire models was made and studied in detail. This showed that (i) immersion of the guide‐wire models in an aqueous environment leads to release of heparin from their surface; (ii) the presence of heparin in the coating does not impede the lubricity of the coils; (iii) addition of stearic acid in the coating, next to heparin, does not influence the lubricity of the guide‐wire models. Two different charges of heparin (designated heparin‐low and heparin‐high) were incorporated in the coating. It is discussed that release of heparin from the surface of medical devices (e.g. guide wires and catheters) is much more effective than systemic heparinization, basically because dissolved heparin molecules have a much larger probability of simply passing a medical device's surface (axial convection) rather than contacting it (radial diffusion). © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 692–698, 2002
Long‐term stability of a coronary stent coating post‐implantation
Authors: Lewis A. L. , Furze J. D. , Small S. , Robertson J. D. , Higgins B. J. , Taylor S. , Ricci D. R. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractA coronary stent possessing a phosphorylcholine‐based polymer coating was removed from a human patient 6 months after implantation and analyzed for the presence of the coating. An atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique has been employed to scrape away several 10‐μm2 areas on the struts of the explanted stent. Scanning‐electron microscopy (SEM) and tapping‐mode AFM confirmed a surface coating had been removed in each case. Cross‐sectional analysis and force‐of‐removal measurements showed that both coating depth and hardness were characteristic of that for the phosphorylcholine‐ (PC‐) based coating prior to implantation. AFM amplitude‐phase and distance curves from the explanted stent were comparable to those obtained when an unused stent was analyzed. Furthermore, laser ablation high‐resolution inductively coupled‐plasma mass spectometery (LA‐HR‐ICP‐MS) was used to detect the low level of silicon present in the PC coating after explantation. The results from these techniques confirm that the stent coating is the original PC polymer and is not of biological origin, and support the long‐term stability of the coating in vivo. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 63: 699–705, 2002