bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Giant Molecular Cloud G148.24+00.41: gas properties, kinematics, and cluster formation at the nexus of filamentary flows
Authors: Rawat Vineet , Samal M R , Walker D L , Ojha D K , Tej A , Zavagno A , Zhang C P , Elia Davide , Dutta S , Jose J , Eswaraiah C , Sharma E 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Filamentary flows towards the centre of molecular clouds have been recognized as a crucial process in the formation and evolution of stellar clusters. In this paper, we present a comprehensive observational study that investigates the gas properties and kinematics of the Giant Molecular Cloud G148.24+00.41 using the observations of CO (1-0) isotopologues. We find that the cloud is massive (105 M⊙) and is one of the most massive clouds of the outer Galaxy. We identified six likely velocity coherent filaments in the cloud having length, width, and mass in the range of 14–38 pc, 2.5–4.2 pc, and (1.3–6.9) × 103 M⊙, respectively. We find that the filaments are converging towards the central area of the cloud, and the longitudinal accretion flows along the filaments are in the range of ∼ 26–264 M⊙ Myr−1. The cloud has fragmented into seven clumps having mass in the range of ∼ 260–2100 M⊙ and average size around ∼ 1.4 pc, out of which the most massive clump is located at the hub of the filamentary structures, near the geometric centre of the cloud. Three filaments are found to be directly connected to the massive clump and transferring matter at a rate of ∼ 675 M⊙ Myr−1. The clump hosts a near-infrared cluster. Our results show that large-scale filamentary accretion flows towards the central region of the collapsing cloud is an important mechanism for supplying the matter necessary to form the central high-mass clump and subsequent stellar cluster.
High-z quasar candidate archive: a spectroscopic catalogue of quasars and contaminants in various quasar searches
Authors: Yang Da-Ming , Schindler Jan-Torge , Nanni Riccardo , Hennawi Joseph F , Bañados Eduardo , Fan Xiaohui , Gloudemans Anniek , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Rottgering Huub , Venemans Bram , Wang Feige , Yang Jinyi 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the high-z quasar candidate archive (HzQCA), summarizing the spectroscopic observations of 207 z ≳ 5 quasar candidates using Keck/LRIS, Keck/MOSFIRE, and Keck/NIRES. We identify 14 candidates as z ∼ 6 quasars, with 10 of them newly reported here and 63 candidates as brown dwarfs. In the remaining sources, 79 candidates are unlikely to be quasars; 2 sources are inconclusive; the others could not be fully reduced or extracted. Based on the classifications, we investigate the distributions of quasars and contaminants in colour space with photometry measurements from DELS (z), VIKING/UKIDSS (YJHKs/YJHK), and unWISE (W1W2). We find that the identified brown dwarfs are consistent with the empirical brown dwarf model that is commonly used in quasar candidate selection methods. To refine spectroscopic confirmation strategies, we simulate synthetic spectroscopy of high-z quasars and contaminants for all three instruments. The simulations utilize the spectroscopic data in HzQCA. We predict the required exposure times for quasar confirmation and propose an optimal strategy for spectroscopic follow-up observations. For instance, we demonstrate that we can identify a mJ = 21.5 at z = 7.6 or a mJ = 23.0 at z = 7.0 within 15 min of exposure time with LRIS. With the publication of the HzQCA, we aim to provide guidance for future quasar surveys and candidate classification.
Cluster halo shapes in CDM and SIDM models: unveiling the DM particle nature using a weak-lensing approach
Authors: Gonzalez Elizabeth J , Rodríguez-Medrano Agustín , Pereyra Luis , García Lambas Diego 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) is an alternative to the standard collisionless cold dark matter model (CDM), allowing for interactions between the dark-matter particles through the introduction of a self-scattering cross-section. However, the observable effects between these two scenarios are hard to detect. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of an application of galaxy–galaxy lensing to measure with high precision the shapes of cluster haloes and how this approach can be used to obtain information regarding the nature of the dark-matter particle. Using two sets of simulated data, SIDM and CDM simulations, we compute stacked shear maps centred on several subsets of haloes with masses ≳1013.5 M⊙. From these maps, we obtain the quadrupole profiles related to the mean projected elongation of the particle distribution from which the shape parameters are derived. Accounting for a radial shape variation, this technique provides an enhancement of the observed differences between the simulated data sets. In particular, we obtain a higher slope of the power law for the shape-radial relation for the haloes identified in the SIDM simulation, which are rounder towards the centre. Also, as approaching to the mean virial radius, the projected semi-axis ratios converge to similar values than in the CDM simulation. Moreover, we account for the impact of the neighbouring mass, where more strongly elongated distributions are found for the haloes in the SIDM simulation, indicating that under dark matter self interaction, the large-scale structure imprints a more coherent accretion process.
A convenient approach to characterizing model uncertainty with application to early dark energy solutions of the Hubble tension
Authors: Paradiso S , DiMarco M , Chen M , McGee G , Percival W J 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Despite increasingly precise observations and sophisticated theoretical models, the discrepancy between measurements of H0 from the cosmic microwave background or from baryon acoustic oscillations combined with big bang nucleosynthesis versus those from local distance ladder probes – commonly known as the ‘H0 tension’ – continues to perplex the scientific community. To address this tension, early dark energy (EDE) models have been proposed as alternatives to Lambda cold dark matter, as they can change the observed sound horizon and the inferred Hubble constant from measurements based on this. In this paper, we investigate the use of Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to evaluate EDE as a solution to the H0 tension. BMA consists of assigning a prior to the model and deriving a posterior as for any other unknown parameter in a Bayesian analysis. BMA can be computationally challenging in that one must approximate the joint posterior of both model and parameters. Here, we present a computational strategy for BMA that exploits existing Markov chain Monte Carlo software and combines model-specific posteriors post hoc. In application to a comprehensive analysis of cosmological data sets, we quantify the impact of EDE on the H0 discrepancy. We find an EDE model probability of ${\sim} 90~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ whenever we include the H0 measurement from Type Ia supernovae in the analysis, whereas the other data show a strong preference for the standard cosmological model. We finally present constraints on common parameters marginalized over both cosmological models. For reasonable priors on models with and without EDE, the H0 tension is reduced by at least 20 per cent.
Concurrent E-cigarette Use While Enrolled in a Smoking Cessation Program: Associations Between Frequency of Use, Motives for Use, and Smoking Cessation
Authors: Iturralde Kameron , Veldhuizen Scott , Selby Peter , Zawertailo Laurie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Trial evidence suggests that e-cigarettes may aid in quitting smoking, while observational studies have found conflicting results. However, many observational studies have not adjusted for important differences between e-cigarette users and non-users.

Aims and Methods
We aimed to determine the association between e-cigarette use frequency and motivation to use e-cigarettes to quit smoking, and smoking cessation using data from Canada’s largest smoking cessation program. Participants who completed a baseline assessment and 6-month follow-up questionnaire were divided post hoc into four groups based on their self-reported e-cigarette use during the 30 days before baseline: (1) non-users; (2) users of e-cigarettes not containing nicotine; (3) occasional users; and (4) frequent users. Occasional and frequent users were further divided into two groups based on whether they reported using e-cigarettes to quit smoking. Abstinence at 6-month follow-up (7-day point prevalence abstinence) was compared among groups.

Results
Adjusted quit probabilities were significantly higher (both p &lt; .001) for frequent baseline e-cigarette users (31.6%; 95% CI = 29.3%, 33.8%) than for non-users (25.8%; 25.3% and 26.3%) or occasional users (24.2%; 22.5% and 26.0%). Unadjusted proportions favored non-users over occasional users (p &lt; .001), but this was not significant after adjustment (p = .06). People using e-cigarettes to quit smoking were not likelier than other users to be successful, but were likelier to report frequent e-cigarette use during follow-up.

Conclusions
Frequent baseline e-cigarette use predicted successful smoking cessation, compared to occasional and non-users. Use of e-cigarettes to quit did not predict smoking cessation but was associated with continued use during follow-up, perhaps due in part to planned transitions to e-cigarettes.

Implications
Prior observational studies investigating e-cigarette use for smoking cessation have found that occasional users have poorer outcomes than either frequent or non-users. Consistent with these studies, occasional users in our data also had poorer outcomes. However, after adjustment for variables associated with cessation success, we found that cessation probabilities did not differ between occasional and non-users. These findings are consistent with trial data showing the benefit of e-cigarette use among people trying to quit smoking. Results of this study suggest that differences between trials and previous observational studies may be because of unaddressed confounding in the latter.
Snorra Edda
Authors: Beyer Emily , Wolf Kirsten 
Published: January 2024

Snorra Edda is sometimes also referred to as the Prose Edda or the Younger Edda in order to distinguish it from the Poetic Edda. It was composed by the chieftain, lawyer, and poet Snorri Sturluson (b. 1179–d. 1241). The work, a main source of information about Norse mythology, is a treatise on skaldic poetry. It consists of four parts. The Prologue provides an account of the origin of pagan religions and a euhemeristic explanation of the origin of the Norse gods in Asia. The second part, Gylfaginning (“The delusion of Gylvi”), is a dialogue between three of the newly migrated gods from Troy and the Swedish King Gylfi. The gods’ answers to Gylfi’s questions comprise a full account of Norse mythology, and this part was likely included because many skaldic kennings require a knowledge of pagan mythology. The first section of the third part, Skáldskaparmal (“The language of poetry”), is also a dialogue, here between Bragi, god of poetry, and Ægir, a personification of the sea. It is followed by a discussion of the language of poetry. The discussion includes some narratives in order to account for the origins of kennings, both mythological and heroic. It is at the beginning of this part that Snorri describes the purpose of the work: to instruct young poets in the traditional techniques of skaldic verse. The final part is Háttatal (“List of verse forms”), which consists of a series of three poems composed by Snorri himself along with a prose commentary that explains the meters and devices used. Snorri’s Edda is preserved in a large number of manuscripts. Seven manuscripts and manuscript fragments have independent textual value. Most editions are based on the Codex Regius from the latter half of the fourteenth century.
Rapid Propagation of Ca2+ Waves and Electrical Signals in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Watanabe Kenshiro , Hashimoto Kenji , Hasegawa Kota , Shindo Hiroki , Tsuruda Yushin , Kupisz Kamila , Koselski Mateusz , Wasko Piotr , Trebacz Kazimierz , Kuchitsu Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In response to both biotic and abiotic stresses, vascular plants transmit long-distance Ca2+ and electrical signals from localized stress sites to distant tissues through their vasculature. Various models have been proposed for the mechanisms underlying the long-distance signaling, primarily centered around the presence of vascular bundles. We here demonstrate that the non-vascular liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses a mechanism for propagating Ca2+ waves and electrical signals in response to wounding. The propagation velocity of these signals was approximately 1–2 mm s-1, equivalent to that observed in vascular plants. Both Ca2+ waves and electrical signals were inhibited by La3+ as well as tetraethylammonium chloride, suggesting the crucial importance of both Ca2+ channel(s) and K+ channel(s) in wound-induced membrane depolarization as well as the subsequent long-distance signal propagation. Simultaneous recordings of Ca2+ and electrical signals indicated a tight coupling between the dynamics of these two signaling modalities. Furthermore, molecular genetic studies revealed that a GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE (GLR) channel plays a central role in the propagation of both Ca2+ waves and electrical signals. Conversely, none of the three two-pore channels were implicated in either signal propagation. These findings shed light on the evolutionary conservation of rapid long-distance Ca2+ wave and electrical signal propagation involving GLRs in land plants, even in the absence of vascular tissue.
Trajectories of prescription opioid tapering in patients with chronic non-cancer pain: a retrospective cohort study, 2015–2020
Authors: Jung Monica , Xia Ting , Ilomäki Jenni , Pearce Christopher , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To identify common opioid tapering trajectories among patients commencing opioid taper from long-term opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain and to examine patient-level characteristics associated with these different trajectories.

Design
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Australian primary care.

Subjects
Patients prescribed opioid analgesics between 2015 and 2020.

Methods
Group-based trajectory modeling and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine tapering trajectories and to examine demographic and clinical factors associated with the different trajectories.

Results
A total of 3369 patients commenced a taper from long-term opioid therapy. Six distinct opioid tapering trajectories were identified: low dose / completed taper (12.9%), medium dose / faster taper (12.2%), medium dose / gradual taper (6.5%), low dose / noncompleted taper (21.3%), medium dose / noncompleted taper (30.4%), and high dose / noncompleted taper (16.7%). A completed tapering trajectory from a high opioid dose was not identified. Among patients prescribed medium opioid doses, those who completed their taper were more likely to have higher geographically derived socioeconomic status (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.067; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.137) and less likely to have sleep disorders (RRR, 0.661; 95% CI, 0.463–0.945) than were those who didn’t complete their taper. Patients who didn’t complete their taper were more likely to be prescribed strong opioids (eg, morphine, oxycodone), regardless of whether they were tapered from low (RRR, 1.444; 95% CI, 1.138–1.831) or high (RRR, 1.344; 95% CI, 1.027–1.760) doses.

Conclusions
Those prescribed strong opioids and high doses appear to be less likely to complete tapering. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with the identified trajectories.
Wondering and Epistemic Desires
Authors: Teague Richard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the questioning attitude of wondering and a class of attitudes I call epistemic desires. Broadly, these are desires to improve one’s epistemic position on some question. A common example is the attitude of wanting to know the answer to some question. I argue that one can have any kind of epistemic desire towards any question, Q, without necessarily wondering Q, but not conversely. That is, one cannot wonder Q without having at least some epistemic desire directed towards Q. I defend this latter claim from apparent counterexamples due to Friedman and Drucker, and finish with a proposal on which epistemic desires, particularly the desire for understanding, play an explanatory role in distinguishing wondering from other forms of question-directed thought.
Independent association of estimated pulse-wave velocity with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Solini A , Orsi E , Vitale M , Garofolo M , Resi V , Bonora E , Fondelli C , Trevisan R , Vedovato M , Nicolucci A , Penno G , Pugliese G ,   for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Estimated pulse-wave velocity (ePWV), a surrogate measure of arterial stiffness, was shown to independently predict morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and other causes in both the general population and high-risk individuals. However, in people with type 2 diabetes, it is unknown whether ePWV adds prognostic information beyond the parameters used for calculating it.

Aims
To assess the independent association of ePWV with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design
Prospective cohort study that enrolled 15 773 patients in 19 Italian centres in 2006–08.

Methods
ePWV was calculated from a regression equation using age and mean blood pressure (BP). All-cause mortality was retrieved for 15 656 patients in 2015.

Results
Percentage and rate of deaths, Kaplan–Meier estimates and unadjusted hazard ratios increased from Quartile I to Quartile IV of ePWV. After adjustment for age, sex, BP levels and anti-hypertensive treatment, the strength of association decreased but mortality risk remained significantly higher for Quartiles II (+34%), III (+82%) and IV (+181%) vs. Quartile I and was virtually unchanged when further adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors and complications/comorbidities. Each m·s− 1 increase in ePWV was associated with an increased adjusted risk of death in the whole cohort (+53%) and in participants with (+52%) and without (+65%) cardiorenal complications. Moreover, ePWV significantly improved prediction of mortality risk over cardiovascular risk factors and complications/comorbidities, though the net increase was modest.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ePWV may represent a simple and inexpensive tool for providing prognostic information beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00715481.
CD4+ T cell‐derived IFN‐γ and LIGHT synergistically upregulate chemokine production from airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Zhou Muyang , Sun Rui , Chakraborty Rohin , Wang Christina , Lauzon Anne‐Marie , Martin James G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAirway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling in asthmatic airways may contribute to persistent airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness. CD4+ T cells infiltrate the ASM layer where they may induce a proliferative and secretory ASM cell phenotype. We studied the interaction between activated CD4+ T cells and ASM cells in co‐culture in vitro and investigated the effects of CD4+ T cells on chemokine production by ASM cells. CD4+ T cells induced marked upregulation of C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligands (CXCL) 9, 10, and 11 in ASM cells. Blockade of the IFN‐γ receptor on ASM cells prevented this upregulation. Furthermore, T cell‐derived IFN‐γ and LIGHT (lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for binding to herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes) synergize in a dose‐dependent manner to coordinately enhance CXCL9, 10, and 11 expression. The synergistic property of LIGHT was mediated exclusively through the lymphotoxin‐β receptor (LTBR), but not herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM). Disruption of LTBR signaling in ASM cells reduced CXCL9, 10, and 11 production and ASM cell‐mediated CD4+ T cell chemotaxis. We conclude that the LIGHT‐LTBR signaling axis acts together with IFN‐γ to regulate chemokines that mediate lymphocyte infiltration in asthmatics.
Comparison of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Infant Hip Perfusion and Prediction of Proximal Femoral Growth Disturbance Following Closed and Open Reduction for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Matheney Travis , Shore Benjamin , Miller Patricia , Barnewolt Carol , Kim Young-Jo , Paltiel Harriet 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Proximal femoral growth disturbance (PFGD) is a significant complication associated with surgical treatment of infant hip dislocation. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CEMRI) has been utilized to assess perfusion in these hips and avoid PFGD. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an imaging technique utilized to evaluate perfusion in other organs. The aims of this study were to compare perfusion of dysplastic infant hips with CEUS and CEMRI after surgical treatment and to determine whether CEUS was as effective as CEMRI at predicting PFGD.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing closed or open reduction for infant hip dislocation between 2012 and 2019 was performed. All patients underwent intraoperative CEUS and postoperative CEMRI to assess femoral epiphyseal perfusion using intravenous contrast. Perfusion status was rated as normal, partially decreased, or globally decreased in both modalities. Agreement in perfusion status between CEUS and CEMRI was assessed. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years postoperatively and assessed for PFGD.

Results:
Eighteen patients (28% males) underwent closed or open reduction at an average age of 8 months (3 to 16 mo). The agreement in perfusion status between CEUS and CEMRI was substantial (α = 0.74). Patients were followed for a median of 3 years. PFGD developed in 3 hips (17%). For the detection of PFGD, both imaging modalities performed very well and with no difference in the diagnostic utility of CEUS compared with CEMRI. Considering normal perfusion alone the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for CEUS were 83%, 100%, and 80%, and for CEMRI were 78%, 100%, and 73%, respectively. Considering global decreased perfusion alone, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for CEUS were 94%, 67%, and 100%, and for CEMRI were 89%, 67%, and 93%, respectively.

Conclusions:
CEUS is a viable intraoperative method to assess infant hip perfusion. This pilot study appears to be comparable to CEMRI at visualizing perfusion of infant hips and as good or better in predicting PFGD after hip reduction. Prospective studies of this imaging technique should be performed to confirm the findings of this retrospective review.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—development diagnostic criteria on the basis of consecutive patients (with generally preferred standard).