bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic transistor‐based integrated circuits for future smart life
Authors: Xie Yifan , Ding Chenming , Jin Qingqing , Zheng Lei , Xu Yunqi , Xiao Hongmei , Cheng Miao , Zhang Yanqin , Yang Guanhua , Li Mengmeng , Li Ling , Liu Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of advanced technologies in the Internet of Things era, higher requirements are needed for next‐generation electronic devices. Fortunately, organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) provide an effective solution for electronic skin and flexible wearable devices due to their intrinsic features of mechanical flexibility, lightweight, simple fabrication process, and good biocompatibility. So far considerable efforts have been devoted to this research field. This article reviews recent advances in various promising and state‐of‐the‐art OTFTs as well as related integrated circuits with the main focuses on: (I) material categories of high‐mobility organic semiconductors for both individual transistors and integrated circuits; (II) effective device architectures and processing techniques for large‐area fabrication; (III) important performance metrics of organic integrated circuits and realization of digital and analog devices for future smart life; (IV) applicable analytical models and design flow to accelerate the circuit design. In addition, the emerging challenges of OTFT‐based integrated circuits, such as transistor uniformity and stability are also discussed, and the possible methods to solve these problems at both transistor and circuit levels are summarized.
Charge‐switchable ligand ameliorated cobalt polyphthalocyanine polymers for high‐current‐density electrocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Kong Xin , Liu Bin , Tong Zhongqiu , Bao Rui , Yi Jianhong , Bu Shuyu , Liu Yunpeng , Wang Pengfei , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetallic phthalocyanines are promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). However, their catalytic activity and stability (especially under high potential) are still unsatisfactory. Herein, we synthesized a covalent organic polymer (COP‐CoPc) by introducing charge‐switchable viologen ligands into cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc). The COP‐CoPc exhibits great activity for CO2RR, including a high Faradaic efficiency over a wide potential window and the highest CO partial current density among all ligand‐tuned phthalocyanine catalysts reported in the H‐type cell. Particularly, COP‐CoPc also shows great potential for practical applications, for example, a FECO of >95% is realized at a large current density of 150 mA/cm2 in a two‐electrode membrane electrode assembly reactor. Ex situ and in situ X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy measurements and theory calculations reveal that when the charge‐switchable viologen ligands switch to neutral‐state ones, they can act as electron donors to enrich the electron density of Co centers in COP‐CoPc and enhance the desorption of *CO, thus improving the CO selectivity. Moreover, the excellent reversible redox capability of viologen ligands and the increased Co–N bonding strength in the Co–N4 sites enable COP‐CoPc to possess outstanding stability under elevated potentials and currents, enriching the knowledge of charge‐switchable ligands tailored CO2RR performance.
BF3‐induced reversible covalent organic framework radicals
Authors: Zhang Shiwei , Wang Xin , Kang Fangyuan , Gu Qianfeng , Sun Guohan , Peng Yung‐Kang , Zhang Qichun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe integration of radials into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) would have a profound effect on their applications in spin devices since such radical arrays can offer scientists an additional dimension to manipulate electron spins and maximize the function of organic optoelectrical devices. However, such realization (especially reversible radicals) is very challenging. In this article, using a fluorene‐based benzoquinone‐derived monomer (M) as the building unit, we successfully synthesized a boroxine‐linked COF (named CityU‐3), whose crystallinity and chemical composition were confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, solid‐state 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle‐spinning (CP/MAS) NMR, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Interestingly, CityU‐3 can be converted into its radical form by treating with BF3·Et2O, which is associated with a color change from red to black, and vice versa upon heating. The as‐formed radicals have been confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. It is worth pointing out that the cycles between radical formation and disappearance would not affect its crystallinity and structure. The reversible COF radicals would have great applications in organic spin devices.
A new authentication scheme for dynamic charging system of electric vehicles in fog environment
Authors: Huang Zhongming , Wang Feng , Chang Chin‐Chen , Chen Xiuqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe dynamic charging system of electric vehicles has great potential for development. Electric vehicles initiate charging requests, and charging stations charge authorized electric vehicles. Fog computing improves the efficiency of request processing. However, open channels can be vulnerable to various attacks by a malicious adversary. Mutual authentication schemes allow users and charging stations to confirm each other. Therefore, numerous authentication and key agreement schemes have been proposed. In 2021, Babu et al. proposed an authentication scheme based on fog servers. Unfortunately, we found that their scheme can not resist FS impersonation attack and replay attack. Hence, we propose an authentication scheme between electric vehicles and fog servers to resolve the security weakness. Our scheme uses lightweight hash functions and XOR operations, which is more suitable for resource‐constrained electric vehicles. We proved our scheme can achieve mutual authentication by using BAN logic, and analyzed that our scheme can resist impersonation, replay, and known session key attacks, ensuring anonymity and untraceability. We finally compare computation cost and communication cost of our scheme with the existing schemes. The result shows that our scheme performs better than others overall. Therefore, our scheme is secure and suitable for dynamic charging systems.
Dynamics of Privacy at Sea: An Introduction to Privacy Studies in Maritime History
Authors: Klein Käfer Natacha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter introduces the Privacy at Sea volume, demonstrating the contributions of privacy studies in researching early modern and maritime history. It provides a more dynamic understanding of privacy in the challenging environment of life at sea, focusing on the many strategies that enable people a certain level of negotiation and regulation of how information, bodies, behaviours, and accounts could be accessed or restricted.
Pockets of Privacy in the Maritime World: An Epilogue
Authors: Bruun Mette Birkedal , Klein Käfer Natacha 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter concludes the Privacy at Sea volume, providing a careful overview of the contributions of maritime history to the field of historical privacy studies as expressed in the previous chapters. By focusing on the dynamics of contraction and expansion, this analysis demonstrates how notions of privacy were adapted from the shore to the ships, showing how strategies of privacy enabled people at sea to navigate conflict and consensus, confinement and mobility, surveillance and support.
Routes to Ocean Sustainability and Blue Prosperity in a Changing World: Guiding Principles and Open Challenges
Authors: Solidoro Cosimo , Libralato Simone , Canu Donata Melaku 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn December 2017, the United Nation decided to proclaim the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development for the 10-year period beginning on 1 January 2021.
Computations for Sustainability
Authors: Salavatidezfouli Sajad , Nikishova Anna , Torlo Davide , Teruzzi Martina , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParallel to the need for new technologies and renewable energy resources to address sustainability, the emerging field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced continuous high-speed growth in the application of its capabilities of modelling, managing, processing, and making sense of data in the entire areas related to the production and management of energy. Moreover, the current trend indicates that the energy supply and management process will eventually be controlled by autonomous smart systems that optimize energy distribution operations based on integrative data-driven Machine Learning (ML) techniques or other types of computational methods.
Supplementary Measures and Appropriate Safeguards for International Transfers of Health Data After Schrems II
Authors: Corrales Compagnucci Marcelo , Fenwick Mark , Aboy Mateo , Minssen Timo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn July 2020, the Court of Justiceof the European Union (CJEU) in Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Limited, Maximillian Schrems (“Schrems II”) invalidated the EU-US Privacy Shield adequacy decision but found that Standard Contracting Clauses (SCCs) are a valid mechanism to enable GDPR-compliant transfers of personal data from the EU to jurisdictions outside the EU/EEA, as long as various unspecified “supplementary measures” are in place to compensate for any gaps in data protection arising from the third country law or practices. The effect of this decision has been to place regulators, scholars, and data protection professionals under greater pressure to identify and explain these “supplementary measures” to facilitate cross-border transfers of personal data. This chapter critically examines the current framework for cross-border transfers after Schrems II, including the new SCCs adopted by the European Commission, as well as the current European Data Protection Board (EDBP) guidance on “supplementary measures.” We argue that the so-called “supplementary measures” are not “supplementary” and that the CJEU’s characterization of such measures as “supplementary” undermines the original clarity of GDPR with regards to the required standards for the security of processing as well as the available mechanisms for cross-border transfers of personal data. We conclude that despite the legal uncertainty introduced by the CJEU several post-Schrem II developments have been helpful to increase awareness and improve the overall safeguards associated with cross-border transfers of personal data. These include the new SCCs and an increased understanding of the capabilities and limitations of the technical and organizational measures, including encryption, pseudonymization, and multi-party processing. Technical solutions such as multiparty homomorphic encryption (HE) that combine these three technical measures while still allowing for the possibility to query and analyze encrypted data without decrypting it has significant potential to provide effective security measures that facilitate cross-border transfers of personal data in high-risk settings.
Bounding the QCD Equation of State with the Lattice
Authors: Moore Guy D. , Gorda Tyler 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The equation of state of QCD matter at high densities is relevant for neutron star structure and for neutron star mergers and has been a focus of recent work. We show how lattice QCD simulations, free of sign problems, can provide an upper bound on the pressure as a function of quark chemical potentials. We show that at large chemical potentials this bound should become quite sharp; the difference between the upper bound on the pressure PPQ and the true pressure P is of order PPQ− P = $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}^3 $$

α
s
3

P). The corrections arise from a single Feynman diagram; its calculation would render remaining corrections $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
($$ {\alpha}_{\textrm{s}}^4 $$

α
s
4

P).
A note on the Hamiltonian structure of transgression forms
Authors: Pais Pablo , Salgado-Rebolledo Patricio , Vera Aldo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
By incorporating two gauge connections, transgression forms provide a generalization of Chern-Simons actions that are genuinely gauge-invariant on bounded manifolds. In this work, we show that, when defined on a manifold with a boundary, the Hamiltonian formulation of a transgression field theory can be consistently carried out without the need to implement regularizing boundary terms at the level of first-class constraints. By considering boundary variations of the relevant functionals in the Poisson brackets, the surface integral in the very definition of a transgression action can be translated into boundary contributions in the generators of gauge transformations and diffeomorphisms. This prescription systematically leads to the corresponding surface charges of the theory, reducing to the general expression for conserved charges in (higher-dimensional) Chern-Simons theories when one of the gauge connections in the transgression form is set to zero.
A new fractional integration approach based on neural network nonlinearity with an application to testing unemployment hysteresis
Authors: Furuoka Fumitaka , Gil-Alana Luis A. , Yaya OlaOluwa S. , Aruchunan Elayaraja , Ogbonna Ahamuefula E. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a nonlinear fractional unit root approach which is known as the autoregressive neural network–fractional integration (ARNN–FI) test. This new fractional integration test is based on a new multilayer perceptron of a neural network process, proposed in Yaya et al. (Oxf Bull Econ Stat 83(4):960–981, 2021). The asymptotic theory and the properties of the proposed test are given. By setting up a Monte Carlo simulation experiment, the simulation results reveal that as the number of observations increases, size and power distortions would disappear in the test. The empirical application based on this new test reveals that the unemployment rates of three European countries are neither stationary nor mean-reverting in line with the hysteresis hypothesis.
Using cluster analysis for grouping partial autosomal haplotypes derived from single sperm STR profiling
Authors: Anslinger Katja , Bayer Birgit , Schick Sylvia , Fimmers Rolf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background and objective
The use of single cell STR profiling for mixture deconvolution is increasingly being discussed in forensics; however, studies regarding STR profiling of single sperm are relatively rare. Considering that each sperm cell exclusively contains a haploid genome, STR profiling as well as grouping profiles from each single contributor to derive consensus profiles seems to be difficult. Thus, so far, the information obtained from gonosomal markers partially combined with previously performed whole genome amplification was used. For this study, we wanted to determine the quality of individual sperm analysis using our routine workflow and, assuming the results provided sufficient profiles, to establish means to cluster them.

Material and methods
In terms of a feasibility study, STR profiles of single sperm cells were examined using different multiplex kits and amplification conditions. Based on this database, a cluster analysis for grouping partial haploid autosomal profiles was successfully developed. Simulations were carried out to increase the database. Furthermore, the correlation between successful cluster analysis and the number of sperm, the quality of the profiles obtained and the number of contributors was investigated.

Results and conclusion
From a pool of partial haploid profiles of 2–5 individuals, generally reliable grouping can be obtained by cluster analysis and diploid profiles can be derived for each contributor. When examining 40 sperm per contributor, in 92.2% (2 person mixture) and 71.6% (5 person mixture) complete and correct profiles could be deconvoluted; however, the fewer sperm per person are available for analysis, the more the completeness of the haploid profile affects the quality of the cluster analysis and therefore the correctness of the deconvoluted profile.
Chitosan-based matrix as a carrier for bacteriophages
Authors: Sikora Monika , Wąsik Sławomir , Semaniak Jacek , Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna , Wiśniewska-Wrona Maria , Arabski Michał 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process where infection prevention is essential. Chitosan, thanks to its bactericidal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as anti-inflammatory and hemostatic properties, is an excellent candidate to design dressings for difficult-to-heal wound treatment. The great advantage of this biopolymer is its capacity to be chemically modified, which allows for the production of various functional forms, depending on the needs and subsequent use. Moreover, chitosan can be an excellent polymer matrix for bacteriophage (phage) packing as a novel alternative/supportive antibacterial therapy approach. This study is focused on the preparation and characteristics of chitosan-based material in the form of a film with the addition of Pseudomonas lytic phages (KTN4, KT28, and LUZ19), which would exhibit antibacterial activity as a potential dressing that accelerates the wound healing. We investigated the method of producing a polymer based on microcrystalline chitosan (MKCh) to serve as the matrix for phage deposition. We described some important parameters such as average molar mass, swelling capacity, surface morphology, phage release profile, and antibacterial activity tested in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial model. The chitosan polysaccharide turned out to interact with phage particles immobilizing them within a material matrix. Nevertheless, with the high hydrophilicity and swelling features of the prepared material, the external solution of bacterial culture was absorbed and phages went in direct contact with bacteria causing their lysis in the polymer matrix.

Key points
• A novel chitosan-based matrix with the addition of active phages was prepared
• Phage interactions with the chitosan matrix were determined as electrostatic
• Phages in the matrix work through direct contact with the bacterial cells
Manual prostate MRI segmentation by readers with different experience: a study of the learning progress
Authors: Langkilde Fredrik , Masaba Patrick , Edenbrandt Lars , Gren Magnus , Halil Airin , Hellström Mikael , Larsson Måns , Naeem Ameer Ali , Wallström Jonas , Maier Stephan E. , Jäderling Fredrik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the learning progress of less experienced readers in prostate MRI segmentation.

Materials and methods
One hundred bi-parametric prostate MRI scans were retrospectively selected from the Göteborg Prostate Cancer Screening 2 Trial (single center). Nine readers with varying degrees of segmentation experience were involved: one expert radiologist, two experienced radiology residents, two inexperienced radiology residents, and four novices. The task was to segment the whole prostate gland. The expert’s segmentations were used as reference. For all other readers except three novices, the 100 MRI scans were divided into five rounds (cases 1–10, 11–25, 26–50, 51–76, 76–100). Three novices segmented only 50 cases (three rounds). After each round, a one-on-one feedback session between the expert and the reader was held, with feedback on systematic errors and potential improvements for the next round. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) > 0.8 was considered accurate.

Results
Using DSC > 0.8 as the threshold, the novices had a total of 194 accurate segmentations out of 250 (77.6%). The residents had a total of 397/400 (99.2%) accurate segmentations. In round 1, the novices had 19/40 (47.5%) accurate segmentations, in round 2 41/60 (68.3%), and in round 3 84/100 (84.0%) indicating learning progress.

Conclusions
Radiology residents, regardless of prior experience, showed high segmentation accuracy. Novices showed larger interindividual variation and lower segmentation accuracy than radiology residents. To prepare datasets for artificial intelligence (AI) development, employing radiology residents seems safe and provides a good balance between cost-effectiveness and segmentation accuracy. Employing novices should only be considered on an individual basis.

Clinical relevance statement
Employing radiology residents for prostate MRI segmentation seems safe and can potentially reduce the workload of expert radiologists. Employing novices should only be considered on an individual basis.

Key Points
• Using less experienced readers for prostate MRI segmentation is cost-effective but may reduce quality.
• Radiology residents provided high accuracy segmentations while novices showed large inter-reader variability.
• To prepare datasets for AI development, employing radiology residents seems safe and might provide a good balance between cost-effectiveness and segmentation accuracy while novices should only be employed on an individual basis.

Graphical abstract
Therapeutisches Management eines „kissing nevus“ des Augenlids
Authors: Gaca P. J. , Rejdak R. , Toro M. D. , Lewandowicz M. , Kopecky A. , Somfai G. M. , Nowak R. , Heindl L. M. 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungKongenitale geteilte melanozytäre Nävi (CMN) des Ober- und Unterlids sind seltene pigmentierte Veränderungen der Augenlider. Diese Muttermale sind auch als „kissing nevi“, „panda nevi“, „split ocular nevi“ bekannt und wurden erstmals 1919 von Fuchs beschrieben. Aus der Literatur sind bisher etwa 120 solcher Fälle bekannt. CMN sind entweder seit der Geburt vorhanden (kleine Nävi finden sich bereits bei ca. 1 % der Neugeborenen), oder sie manifestieren sich überwiegend im ersten Lebensjahrzehnt. Diese seltene melanozytäre Veränderung der Augenlider sollte regelmäßig kontrolliert werden, denn gemäß der Literatur kann es zu einer malignen Entartung kommen. Die tatsächliche Inzidenz dafür ist jedoch sehr variabel und reicht von 2 bis 40 %, je nach Dauer des Follow-up, mit durchschnittlich 14 % auf die gesamte Lebensdauer. Zudem können CMN an den Augenlidern als kosmetisch störend empfunden werden und zu funktionellen Problemen des Auges führen. Eine therapeutische Entfernung mittels Dermabrasion, Kryotherapie, Laserbehandlung oder chirurgische Exzision mit ophthalmoplastischer Deckung ist aufgrund des geringen Entartungsrisikos selten medizinisch indiziert. Sie kann aber bei sekundärer Amblyopie bei Ptosis, Kompression der Puncta lacrimalia, Epiphora oder basierend auf einem kosmetischen Wunsch durchgeführt werden. Notwendig wird die Therapie hingegen bei einer suspekten Erscheinungsform oder Beeinträchtigung der Lidfunktion und um mögliche Hänseleien und grausamen Spott bei Kindern zu vermeiden.
Optimal dichotomization of bimodal Gaussian mixtures
Authors: Jhan Yan-ni , Li Wan-cen , Ruan Shin-hui , Sie Jia-jyun , Lian Iebin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDespite criticism for loss of information and power, dichotomization of variables is still frequently used in social, behavioral, and medical sciences, mainly because it yields more interpretable conclusions for research outcomes and is useful for decision making. However, the artificial choice of cut-points can be controversial and needs proper justification. In this work, we investigate the properties of point-biserial correlation after dichotomization with underlying bimodal Gaussian mixture distributions. We propose a dichotomous grouping procedure that considers the largest standardized difference in group mean while minimizing information loss.