bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Takeuchi Noboru , Uchimura Naohisa , Hashizume Yuji , Mukai Masaki , Etoh Yoshinori , Yamamoto Katsuyasu , Kotorii Tatayu , Ohshima Hiroharu , Ohshima Masachika , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia with clinical symptoms that include punching, kicking, yelling and leaping out of bed in sleep. Polysomnographic (PSG) finding showed REM sleep without muscle atonia. Clonazepam is generally used for treating RBD symptoms but melatonin was reported to be effective so we reconfirmed the effect of melatonin on RBD patients in the present study. We used melatonin (3–9 mg/day) which could ameliorate problem sleep behaviors remarkably, as well as %tonic activity in PSG variables. In the present study, melatonin was reconfirmed to be effective in RBD symptoms, especially for patients with low melatonin secretion, while its mechanism was not clearly known in the present study.
A circadian system model with feedback of cross‐correlation between sleep–wake rhythm and oscillator
Authors: Nakao Mitsuyuki , Yamamoto Keisuke , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Katayama Norihiro , Yamamoto Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRecent findings suggest that social entrainment factors work on an oscillator other than the temperature and melatonin rhythms. This indicates that there is a feedback loop affected on oscillators. In the present study, a circadian system model, including mutually coupled two oscillators and sleep–wake rhythm, is constructed, where cross‐correlation between a sleep–wake rhythm and an oscillator is set to modify the coupling from one oscillator to the other. Based on the model simulation, a mechanism underlying delayed sleep phase syndrome is elucidated by the reduction in the cross‐correlation resulting from dissociation between the delayed sleep phase and the oscillator.
Kahlbaum’s catatonia revisited
Authors: Carroll Brendan T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractModern psychiatric nosologies separate catatonia along the lines of presumed etiology: bipolar, major depression, schizophrenia and due to a general medical condition. The presence of catatonia has always held diagnostic and prognostic value. Kahlbaum’s description of catatonia includes careful documentation of phenomenology and the course of the illness. Since there were no effective treatments in his time, Kahlbaum was documenting the natural history of the illness. A review of classic studies of the natural history of catatonia demonstrates that the syndrome is episodic, may have few other psychotic signs, may have periods of remission and may, in some cases, be associated with the disorganized subtype of schizophrenia. The literature of the past 100 years supports the validity of Kahlbaum’s description for a subset of patients with catatonia.
Can olanzapine be implicated in causing serotonin syndrome?
Authors: HASLETT CHRISTOPHER DAVID , KUMAR SHAILESH 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present paper describes a case of serotonin syndrome (SS), which developed in a patient with bipolar affective disorder after the addition of olanzapine to her regimen of lithium and citalopram. This appears to be the first report that implicates olanzapine with SS. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of SS when adding atypical antipsychotics, such as olanzapine, to serotonergic agents.
Molecular relationships within Bostrychia tenuissima (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , West John A. , Karsten Ulf , King Robert J. 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY Bostrychia tenuissima King and Puttock is restricted to southern Australia and New Zealand. Previous studies in Australia have revealed two distinct patterns in the presence of osmotically active polyols. Southern populations only have D‐sorbitol whereas northern populations have both D‐sorbitol and D‐dulcitol. These polyol patterns lead to speculation on the ecotypic differentiation of these two population types. Using single‐stranded confirmation polymorphism to rapidly score plastid haplotypes, plus DNA sequencing, a 100% congruence was found between polyol patterns and plastid haplotype. Analysis of 33 B. tenuissima isolates shows that the plastid relationships closely follow biogeo‐graphic regions, with south‐eastern Australia (southern NSW and Victoria) and South Australia and Tasmania having one haplotype and central and northern NSW having two alternate haplotypes. There is an overlap at the haplotype boundary just south of Sydney, New South Wales.
New and interesting desmids (Zygnematales, Chlorophyceae) collected from Asia
Authors: Kanetsuna Yoshiyasu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYMany desmid taxa were found in collections from Asia (Japan, Cambodia, Malaysia and Thailand). The following 21 new taxa and two new combinations belonging to five genera (Closterium, Euastrum, Cosmarium, Xanthidium and Staurastrum) and a rare species of Xanthidium, are reported. These include Closterium nasutum Nordstedt var. kazukoae Kanetsuna var. nov., Closterium nematodes Joshua var. nematodes f. kriegeri Kanetsuna f. nov., Euastrum binale (Turpin) Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. protuberans Kanetsuna var. nov., Euastrum borgeanum Scott et Prescott var. cambodiense Kanetsuna var. nov., Euastrum dubium Nägeli var. protuberans Kanetsuna var. nov., Euastrum fissum W. et G. S. West var. yasukoae Kanetsuna var. nov., Euastrum gemmatum Brébisson var. tenuius Krieger f. porosum (Förster) Kanetsuna comb. nov., Euastrum pseudojenneri Scott et Prescott var. glabrum Kanetsuna var. nov., Cosmarium denticulatum Borge var. multispinum (Hirano) Kanetsuna comb. nov., Cosmarium furcatospermum W. et G. S. West var. fallax Kanetsuna var. nov., Cosmarium pileatum Borge var. cambodiense Kanetsuna var. nov., Cosmarium retusiforme (Wille) Gutwinski var. incrassatum Gutwinski f. retusum Kanetsuna f. nov., Cosmarium trapezoideum Kanetsuna sp. nov., Cosmarium zonatum Lundell var. zonatum f. majus Kanetsuna f. nov., Xanthidium cristatum Brébisson var. delpontei Roy et Bisset f. mizoroensis Kanetsuna f. nov., Xanthidium fasciculatum Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. siamense Kanetsuna var. nov., Xanthidium pseudofreemanii Kanetsuna sp. nov., Xanthidium subtrilobum W. et G. S. West var. inornatum Skuja f. depressum Kanetsuna f. nov., Xanthidium subtrilobum W. et G. S. West var. inornatum Skuja f. singulare Kanetsuna f. nov., Staurastrum boergesenii Raciborski var. verrucosum Kanetsuna var. nov., Staurastrum dickiei Ralfs var. polypyrenoideum Kanetsuna var. nov., Staurastrum neglectum G. S. West var. fuseense Kanetsuna var. nov., Staurastrum trissacanthum Scott et Prescott var. dissacanthum Scott et Prescott f. longispinum Kanetsuna f. nov., and a rare interesting form, Xanthidium superbum Elfving var. centricornis Prowse.
Diagnostic issues in tuberculosis of the ribs with a review of 12 surgically proven cases
Authors: Chang Jung H , Kim Sung K , Lee Won Y 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe ribs and surrounding chest wall are uncommon sites of tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis of the rib bone is often delayed in diagnosis or is recurrent with medical treatment. Rib TB is often negative or shows nodular shadows which is mimicking a metastatic tumour. We reviewed 12 cases of rib TB, which were confirmed by surgical rib resection. The most common reason given for attending the hospital was palpation of the chest wall mass, the onset of chest pain or draining sinus on the chest wall. The correct diagnosis was often delayed due to misdiagnosis of the other conditions. The misdiagnosis was produced from vague symptoms and various radiological features of rib TB. Occasionally, previous TB history could provide an indication of rib TB. Occasionally, their pre‐operative diagnostic processes were inadequate and were not consistent depending on the physician. From these reviews, we attempted to reconstruct the best diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Our recommendation for detecting rib TB is an accurate medical history and physical examination, and early differential diagnosis with bone scintigram, computed tomogram, and percutaneous needle biopsy. Surgery can be a final diagnostic option for differential diagnosis or in a therapeutic role for recalcitrant or complicated cases.
Hospitalized low‐risk community‐acquired pneumonia: Outcome and potential for cost‐savings
Authors: Hoe Lee Kang , Keang Lim Tow 
Published: March 2003

Objective: In the USA, a group of low‐risk patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) with a low risk of mortality were identified and it was suggested that they may be treated as out‐patients to save costs. We evaluated the outcome of these low‐risk CAP patients that were hospitalized in our local setting, and gauged the number of such patients in order to estimate the potential cost‐savings by treating them as out‐patients, as well as the safety of such an approach. Methodology: All patients with CAP admitted to the National University Hospital, Singapore, from 1 April to 1 November 1997 were enrolled into a prospective cohort study. Low‐risk patients were identified, and their hospital outcomes were compared with the other patients. Hospitalization charges were obtained from the Finance Department. Results: There were 155 CAP patients (69 females and 86 males). The age was 56.6 ± 22.2 years, ranging from 12 to 93 years old. The average hospital stay was 8.4 ± 11 days. Mortality was 12.9%. There were 37 (24%) low‐risk CAP patients, and there was no mortality in this group. No low‐risk patient required mechanical ventilation. They had a significantly shorter hospital stay compared with high‐risk patients. An identifiable organism was found in 27% of the low‐risk CAP with only one patient having a positive blood culture. The average hospitalization charge for low‐risk CAP patients was, as expected, significantly lower than for the high‐risk patients, and was 11.9% of the total cost for hospitalized CAP patients. Conclusion: Nearly one‐quarter of our CAP admissions consisted of low‐risk patients that had no mortality, and required a significantly shorter hospitalization period. The management of such patients who are young (≤ 50 years), and had no serious coexisting conditions in an out‐patient setting, may lead to significant cost‐savings as the average hospitalization charge was US$1295 and 11.9% of total hospitalization charges for CAP.
Bronchodilator response to inhaled beta‐2 agonist and anticholinergic drugs in patients with bronchiectasis
Authors: Hassan J Abu , Saadiah S , Roslan H , Zainudin Bmz 
Published: March 2003

Objective:An increase in incidence of reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness occurs in patients with bronchiectasis. We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of bronchodilators in the treatment of bronchiectasis. Methodology: Twenty‐four patients with confirmed bronchiectasis were studied. Each patient inhaled fenoterol 400 μg administered by metered dose inhaler via a spacer after a baseline lung function and a lung function test was repeated 30 min later. This was followed by a second dose of fenoterol 5 mg via nebulizer and another lung function test 30 min later. A repeat study was done at least 24 h later with ipratropium bromide 40 μg by metered dose inhaler and 500 μg by a nebulizer. Results: The results showed a significant improvement from baselines (mean percentage change ± SD) of peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) by 8.5 ± 8.72% and 15.3 ± 11.63%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) by 8.77 ± 9.69% and 10.2 ± 12.2% and forced vital capacity (FVC) by 10.25 ± 11.61% and 10.09 ± 10.88% after low‐ and high‐dose fenoterol, respectively. The improvements after low‐ and high‐dose ipratropium bromide for PEF, FEV1 and FVC were 9.89 ± 9.35% and 14.39 ± 12.82%, 9.38 ± 10.41% and 13.52 ± 17.09%, and 8.03 ± 10.85% and 9.63 ± 13.85%, respectively. Eleven patients (45.8%) responded to one or both bronchodilators significantly (> 15% improvement in FEV1). Five patients (20%) responded to both, three (12%) to fenoterol alone and another three (12%) to ipratropium bromide alone. Conclusion: There is significant bronchodilator response in a subset of patients with bronchiectasis and patients with bronchiectasis should therefore undergo bronchodilator testing. Skin prick testing against a panel of nine allergens done on each individual yielded a positive result in 13 patients (54.2%).
A comparative clinical study of pneumonia by penicillin‐resistant and ‐sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae in a community hospital
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Sato Satoshi , Kawakami Kenji , Watanabe Kiwao , Oishi Kazunori , Rikitomi Naoto , Ii Tsuyoshi , Ikeda Hideki , Sato Akiyoshi , Nagatake Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2003

Objective:This study aimed to determine the clinical difference of pneumonia between penicillin‐resistant and penicillin‐sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methodology: Forty‐nine cases in 46 patients of pneumococcal pneumonia were studied from December 1992 to May 1997. There were 24 cases (in 22 patients) of penicillin‐resistant pneu‐mococci (PRSP) pneumonia which were compared with 25 cases (in 24 patients) with penicillin‐sensitive pneumococci (PSSP). Results: Both the mean age and the underlying disease states did not differ between the two groups. However, hospital‐acquired pneumonia and previous use of antibiotics were observed in eight (33.3%) and 12 (50.0%) patients in PRSP compared with three (12.0%) and two (8.0%) in PSSP, respectively. The clinical efficacy rate and bacteriological eradication rates were 87.5 and 87.5% in PRSP compared with 87.5 and 87.0% in PSSP, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics against 30 pneumococcal isolates was examined, and 10 strains ranged from 0.10– 0.78 μg/mL and five strains were more than 1.56 μg/mL against penicillin G, while the MIC showed higher resistance to other antibiotics except for the carbapenems. Serotyping of the isolates by antiserum revealed differences in the predominant types PRSP (19B, 23B) and PSSP (6B, 9C). Conclusions: We must care for not only community‐acquired infection but also nosocomial transmission of PRSP pneumonia. Most patients with infections due to PRSP tended to have a milder illness with a good outcome (no patient died). As such it appears that empiric therapy for pneumococcal pneumonia does not require modification from what is recommended at present. However, in patients with infection due to highly resistant strains, and who are not responding to conventional therapy should have their treatment modified according to subsequent susceptibility testing.
Intravascular ultrasound imaging of the pulmonary arteries in primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Nakamoto Takaaki , Yoshitake Junro , Hase Tatsuya , Harasawa Hiroshi , Okamoto Shingo , Fuse Daisuke , Kawasaki Ryuichi , Kuga Hideyo , Kishiro Izumi , Machida Suguru , Oshiro Hiroaki , Totsuka Masayuki , Kaneko Noboru 
Published: March 2003

Objective:Intravascular ultrasound has the unique ability to provide cross‐sectional images of the arterial wall. This study examined intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of the proximal pulmonary arteries in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). Methodology: Study 1: Specimens from four patients who had died of PPH (in vitro PPH group) were compared with those of three patients who had died of subarachnoid haemorrhage but had no evidence of cardiopulmonary disease (in vitro control group). Three‐centimetre segments of the following levels were examined by IVUS: pulmonary trunk, eight secondary branch arteries of the upper, middle, and lower lobes of both lungs, and the thoracic descending aorta. Study 2: Four patients with PPH (in vivo PPH group) and five patients without pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of cardiopulmonary disease (in vivo control group) were examined. The IVUS images of the apical segmental artery of the right upper lobe and the descending branch of the right pulmonary artery were studied. Results: Echographic examination of formalin‐fixed preparations of secondary branch sections of the pulmonary artery failed to show a clear three‐layer structure in the in vitro control group (24 preparations), but a distinct three‐layer structure and increased vessel wall thickness were observed in the in vitro PPH group (32 preparations). Similar findings were obtained in the in vivo study. The mean echo density of the proximal pulmonary arterial wall correlated well with the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPA) in the in vitro PPH, and also correlated with the mPA in the in vivo study (r = 0.960, P < 0.0001). The echo intensity of secondary branch sections of the pulmonary artery was higher in the in vitro PPH group than in the in vitro control group (180.5 ± 27.0 vs 132.5 ± 26.7 counts, P < 0.001); similar results were obtained in the in vivo study (144.7 ± 23.4 vs 85.0 ± 14.3 counts, P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that the histological changes detected in the pulmonary artery walls in the PPH group were responsible for the increased echo intensity.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled dose–response study with budesonide Turbuhaler in Japanese asthma patients
Authors: Miyamoto Terumasa , Takahashi Terumi , Nakajima Shigenori , Makino Sohei , Yamakido Michio , Mano Kenji , Nakashima Mitsuyoshi , Selroos Olof 
Published: March 2003

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the dose–response for inhaled budesonide via Turbuhaler® in Japanese patients with mild to moderate asthma.Methodology:Inhaled budesonide 100 μg, 200 μg, 400 μg or placebo was administered twice daily via Turbuhaler for 6 weeks, to 267 adult Japanese patients (mean age 51 years) with mild‐to‐moderate, non‐steroid‐dependent bronchial asthma, in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized, parallel group study. The patients had to be symptomatic for more than 3 days/week and have an average morning peak expiratory flow (PEF) 50–80% of predicted normal value.Results:The response to budesonide was rapid, all treatments showing a significant improvement in morning PEF after 1 week (P < 0.05). During week 6, mean improvements of 15, 45, 53 and 71 L/min were observed for the placebo, 200 μg, 400 μg and 800 μg budesonide groups, respectively. Compared with placebo all improvements in the budesonide groups were statistically significant and a significant dose–response was demonstrated (P < 0.001). The difference between the 200 μg and 800 μg doses was significant. Also, for several secondary efficacy variables (e.g. evening PEF, symptom score, treatment score, daily activity score and sleep score) significant dose–responses were shown. Other variables included the investigators’ assessments of improvement and usefulness. They also showed statistically significant dose–response relationships and confirmed the rapid onset of action. Budesonide was well tolerated at all tested doses, with a low incidence of adverse events, all of which were minor in severity.Conclusions:Budesonide Turbuhaler in the doses 100 μg to 400 μg twice daily was effective, well tolerated and showed a rapid onset of action in patients with mild‐to‐moderate asthma. Dose–response was demonstrated for several variables of clinical efficacy.
Clinical significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with primary lung cancer
Authors: KISHIRO IZUMI , KATO SHIRO , FUSE DAISUKE , YOSHIDA TAKESHI , MACHIDA SUGURU , KANEKO NOBORU 
Published: March 2003

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenesis factor closely associated with the growth and metastasis of malignant tumours.Methodology: In the present study, we measured plasma VEGF levels in 20 normal subjects (N), 35 patients with benign lung diseases (B), 28 patients with untreated advanced lung cancer (NT) and 10 patients with treated lung cancer (T). In addition, we measured the VEGF levels in pleural effusions from five patients with primary lung cancer and two patients with active infectious diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor was measured by ELISA.Results: The mean (±SD) plasma VEGF level in NT patients (160.8 ± 177.4 pg/mL)

was fivefold higher than that in other patient groups (T, 17.7 ± 4.9 pg/mL;

B, 28.3 ± 17.6 pg/mL) and the N group (14.9 ± 7.0 pg/mL; P < 0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor from lung cancer pleural effusions (17 526.0 ± 22 498.2 pg/mL) was 25‐fold higher than that from patients with active infectious diseases (665.5 ± 259.0 pg/mL).Conclusions: Plasma VEGF may be a good clinical indicator for the assessment of primary lung cancer and pleural effusion VEGF in primary lung cancer is higher than pleural effusion VEGF in patients with inflammatory diseases.
Cryptic andromonoecy in Tilia japonica implicated by flower abortion
Authors: Ito Eriko , Kikuzawa Kihachiro 
Published: March 2003

Abstract Tilia japonica Simonkai has morphologically perfect flowers with stamens and a pistil. However, some flowers fall without developing into immature fruits. We clarified that: (i) the flower abscission is a facultative abortion, (an abscission layer was observed at the base of the stalk of aborted flowers); (ii) fallen flowers have functional stamens (the flowers are protandrous and they had shed germinable pollen grains before the flower abscission); and (iii) fallen flowers have a non‐functional pistil (they were abscised before stigma opening). The aborted flowers were functional male flowers, although they were morphologically perfect. Hence, the functional sex expression of T. japonica is andromonoecous having both perfect and male flowers within an individual tree.
Safe site for seedlings of Rhododendron metternichii var. hondoense
Authors: Kameyama Yoshiaki , Nehira Nobukazu Nakagoshi and Kunito , Nehira Kunito 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSafe sites for seedlings of Rhododendron metternichii Sieb. et Zucc. var. hondoense Nakai (Ericaceae) were determined in the field in Japan. Microhabitats were classified by overlaying a distribution map of ground conditions (moss and rock patches) with crown projection diagrams. Seedlings of R. metternichii var. hondoense were highly dependent on ground conditions; seedling density was extremely low on soil but high on moss mats. Considering the canopy condition, seedling density on soil and rock was significantly lower at open sites than under tree crowns. In contrast, seedling density on moss mats was high at open sites, especially under deciduous trees. Moss–deciduous trees or moss–open sites were the best microhabitats as they usually provided both water and sunlight for seedlings. Of seedlings 0–2 cm in height, 87.7% were on moss mats while only 2.7% were on soil. This proportion of seedlings on moss and soil gradually changed with seedling development. Only 6.1% of the seedlings over 10 cm in height were on moss mats, while 81.8% were found on soil: this apparently was due to changes in ground conditions. The change from moss to soil occurred more frequently than a change from soil to moss during a 2‐year observation period. Although early seedling establishment of R. metternichii var. hondoense is highly dependent on moss mats, seedlings seem to gain tolerance for drought and instability of the substrate as they grow and they continue to survive after the disappearance of moss mats.