bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Firearm availability and police shootings of citizens: a city level analysis of fatal and injurious shootings in California and Florida
Authors: Shjarback John A. , Semenza Daniel C. , Stansfield Richard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
A growing body of research has found a link between firearm availability and police shootings of citizens across place. The problem, however, is that the previous studies on the topic tend to suffer from several limitations: a near exclusive focus on citizen fatalities, units of analysis at the state or county levels, and a variety of proxy measures tapping into community-level firearm access. The current study set out to address these issues by examining the relationship between different forms of firearm availability and both fatal and nonfatal injurious police shootings of citizens at the city level.

Methods
More specifically, it merged The Trace’s “Missing Pieces” measures of guns reported lost and stolen to police as well as licensed firearms dealers across jurisdictions from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives as proxies for firearm availability with data on police shootings of citizens in California and Florida from California’s URSUS system and the Tampa Bay Times’ “Why Cops Shoot” database, respectively. Negative binomial regression analyses were performed on a sample of 253 cities across the two states and a sub-sample of cities with licensed firearms dealers.

Results
Findings uncovered a small positive association between rates of federally licensed guns stores and the number citizens shot by police as well as police shooting incidents while controlling for several community-level measures (e.g., concentrated disadvantage, gun homicide rates). Rates of guns lost or reported stolen were generally not significantly associated with the outcome measures in the multivariate models.

Conclusions
Firearm availability is a significant correlate of police shootings. Pooled counts of both citizens shot by police and police shooting incidents are heightened in jurisdictions with higher rates of licensed gun dealers, which may be due to the fact that all firearms sold in the USA first make their way to the public through these mechanisms. Such licensed gun dealers must be appropriately monitored and audited to reduce illicit behavior and prevent firearms from making their way into secondary markets. Addressing access to firearms can be meaningful for a host of gun-related morbidity and mortality outcomes, including police shootings of citizens.
Follow-up assessment of visceral leishmaniasis treated patients and the impact of COVID-19 on control services in Nepal
Authors: Joshi Anand Ballabh , Banjara Megha Raj , Das Murari Lal , Bist Nav Raj , Pant Krishna Raj , Pyakurel Uttam Raj , Dahal Gokarna , Paudel Krishna Prasad , Das Chuman Lal , Kroeger Axel , Aseffa Abraham 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Follow-up assessment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treated cases is important to monitor the long term effectiveness of treatment regimens. The main objective of this study was to identify the gaps and challenges in the follow-up of treated VL cases, to monitor treatment outcome and to assess the impact of COVID-19 on VL elimination services and activities.

Methods
Clinicians treating VL patients, district focal persons for VL, and patients treated for VL in seven high endemic districts in Nepal during 2019–2022 were interviewed to collect data on challenges in the follow-up of VL treated patients as per national strategy.

Results
Follow up status was poor in two districts with the largest number of reported cases. The majority of cases were children under 10 years of age (44.2%). Among 104 VL treated cases interviewed, 60.6% mentioned that clinicians had called them for follow-up but only 37.5% had complied. Among 112 VL treated cases followed up, 8 (7.14%) had relapse and 2 (1.8%) had PKDL. Among 66 cases who had VL during the COVID-19 lock down period, 32 (48.5%) were diagnosed within 1 week; however, 10 (15.1%) were diagnosed only after 4 weeks or more. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no active search for VL because of budget constraints and lack of diagnostic tests, and no insecticide spraying was done.

Conclusion
Relapses and PKDL are challenges for VL elimination and a matter of concern. Successful implementation of the national strategy for follow up of treated VL cases requires addressing elements related to patients (awareness, transport, communication) clinicians (compliance) and organization of service delivery (local health worker training and deployment). COVID-19 did not have much impact on VL diagnosis and treatment; however, public health programmes including active case detection and insecticide spraying for vector control were severely reduced.
Safety and effectiveness of prilocaine for spinal anesthesia in day surgery setting: a retrospective study on a sample of 3291 patients
Authors: Ambrosoli Andrea Luigi , Di Carlo Stefano , Crespi Andrea , Severgnini Paolo , Fedele Luisa Luciana , Cofini Vincenza , Necozione Stefano , Musella Giuseppe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpinal anesthesia is considered safe and reliable for most surgical procedures involving the lower part of the body, but its use in the ambulatory setting requires drugs with rapid onset and regression of the motor and sensory block-like prilocaine.The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze data from 3291 procedures recorded in our institutional database, to better define the safety profile of spinal prilocaine and the incidence of complications and side effects.All clinical data, prospectively collected from 2011 to 2019 in an Italian tertiary hospital, of patients treated with spinal anesthesia performed with 40 mg of hyperbaric 2% prilocaine, according to our internal protocol of day surgery, were analyzed.Surgical procedures included saphenectomy (28.5%, n = 937), knee arthroscopy (26.8%, n = 882), proctologic surgery (15.16%, n = 499), and inguinal canal surgery (14.9%, n = 491).Anesthesia-related complication was represented by urinary retention (1.09%, n = 36), lipotimia (0.75%, n = 25), and postoperative nausea (0.33%, n = 11); arrhythmic events were uncommon (0.18%, n = 6). One case of persistent hypotension and 2 cases of persistent hypertension were reported.Persistent motor or sensory block (lasting more than 5 h) was experienced by 7 patients. One patient (0.03%), who underwent knee arthroscopy, experienced pelvic pain lasting for 6 h, compatible with a transient neurological symptom.Proctologic surgery was a factor associated with unplanned admission due to anesthesia-related complications (OR = 4.9; 95% CI: 2–14%).The number of complications related to the method was low as well as the need for hospitalization. This drug is valid and safe for the most performed day surgery procedures; however, further trials are needed to investigate the incidence of complications in the days following the procedure.
Psychological framework to understand interpersonal violence by forensic patients with psychosis
Authors: Lambe Sinéad , Cooper Kate , Fazel Seena , Freeman Daniel 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundForensic patients with psychosis often engage in violent behaviour. There has been significant progress in understanding risk factors for violence, but identification of causal mechanisms of violence is limited.AimsTo develop a testable psychological framework explaining violence in psychosis – grounded in patient experience – to guide targeted treatment development.MethodWe conducted in-depth interviews with 20 patients with psychosis using forensic psychiatric services across three regions in England. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. People with lived experience contributed to the analysis.ResultsAnalysis of interviews identified several psychological processes involved in the occurrence of violence. Violence was the dominant response mode to difficulties that was both habitual and underpinned by rules that engaged and justified an attack. Violence was triggered by a trio of sensitivities to other people: sensitivity to physical threat, from which violence protected; sensitivity to social disrespect, by which violence increased status; and sensitivity to unfairness, by which violence delivered revenge. Violence was an attempt to regulate difficult internal states: intense emotions were released through aggression and violence was an attempt to escape being overwhelmed by voices, visions or paranoia. There were different patterns of emphasis across these processes when explaining an individual participant's offending behaviour.ConclusionsThe seven-factor model of violence derived from our analysis of patient accounts highlights multiple modifiable psychological processes that can plausibly lead to violence. The model can guide the research and development of targeted treatments to reduce violence by individuals with psychosis.
Toward recovery-oriented perinatal healthcare: A participatory qualitative exploration of persons with lived experience and health providers’ views and experiences
Authors: Dubreucq Marine , Thiollier Mathilde , Tebeka Sarah , Fourneret Pierre , Leboyer Marion , Viaux-Savelon Sylvie , Massoubre Catherine , Dupont Corinne , Dubreucq Julien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Perinatal mental health disorders (PMHD) remain often undetected, undiagnosed, and untreated with variable access to perinatal mental health care (PMHC). To guide the design of optimal PMHC (i.e., coproduced with persons with lived experience [PLEs]), this qualitative participatory study explored the experiences, views, and expectations of PLEs, obstetric providers (OP), childcare health providers (CHPs), and mental health providers (MHPs) on PMHC and the care of perinatal depression.

Methods
We conducted nine focus groups and 24 individual interviews between December 2020 and May 2022 for a total number of 84 participants (24 PLEs; 30 OPs; 11 CHPs; and 19 MHPs). The PLEs group included women with serious mental illness (SMI) or autistic women who had contact with perinatal health services. We recruited PLEs through social media and a center for psychiatric rehabilitation, and health providers (HPs) through perinatal health networks. We used the inductive six-step process by Braun and Clarke for the thematic analysis.

Results
We found some degree of difference in the identified priorities between PLEs (e.g., personal recovery, person-centered care) and HPs (e.g., common culture, communication between providers, and risk management). Personal recovery in PMHD corresponded to the CHIME framework, that is, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning, and empowerment. Recovery-supporting relations and peer support contributed to personal recovery. Other factors included changes in the socio-cultural conception of the peripartum, challenging stigma (e.g., integrating PMH into standard perinatal healthcare), and service integration.

Discussion
This analysis generated novel insights into how to improve PMHC for all users including those with SMI or autism.
Stabilization of DNA-encapsulating Droplets through Negative Charge at the Droplet Interface
Authors: Shono Mayu , Fujita Fumika , Yoshikawa Kenichi , Shioi Akihisa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It was found that stable cell-sized droplets entrapping DNA molecules are spontaneously generated through micro segregation. To clarify the mechanism, we performed measurements of the electrification by adapting a polymer solution with polyethylene glycol/dextran. We determined the Donnan potential for macroscopic phase segregation in both the presence and absence of DNA, together with the measurements of Zeta potentials of the microphase solution with number of small droplets. We confirmed that the droplets entrapping DNA are negatively charged.
Exercise and Nutrition Pre- and Post-surgery
Authors: Fayez Omar , Khalid Anum , Peterson Sean 
Published: October 2023

Apply It!
From this article, the reader will be introduced to our current understanding of the role exercise and nutrition play in the pre-operative and post-operative periods of surgery. In the pages that follow, readers will learn about factors that influence recovery time and prognosis after major surgeries as well as recommended guidelines and protocols to most effectively incorporate nutrition and exercise regimens into patient management plans leading up to surgery.
Impact of dietary fiber on gut microbiota composition, function and gut-brain-modules in healthy adults – a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lachmansingh David Antoine , Valderrama Benjamin , Bastiaanssen Thomaz , Cryan John , Clarke Gerard , Lavelle Aonghus 
Published: October 2023

Background: The gut microbiota has been extensively implicated in health and disease. The functional outputs of the gut microbiota, such as microbial metabolites, are considered particularly important in this regard. Significant associations exist between alterations in the relative abundance of specific microbial taxa and mental health disorders. Dietary fiber has the potential to alter gut microbiota composition and function, modifying bacterial enzymatic function and the production of metabolites. As many taxa of microorganisms have enzymes capable of producing or degrading neurochemicals i.e. neuroactive gut brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets such as those harvested from dietary fiber interventions. We endeavor to perform a systematic review in order to identify studies reporting compositional gut microbiota alterations after interventions with dietary fiber in healthy individuals. We aim to also extract from the selected studies publicly available microbial genomic sequence datasets for reanalysis with a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, with the ultimate intention of identifying altered gut brain modules following dietary fiber interventions. Methods: Interventional trials and randomized controlled studies that are originally published, including cross-over and non-crossover design and involving healthy adult humans will be included. A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE, two electronic databases, will be completed. Discussion: Various types of dietary fiber have an impact on the gut microbiota composition, with some promoting the growth of particular taxa while others are reduced in relative abundance. Our search focuses on the impact of this food component on the microbiota of healthy individuals. Compositional gut microbial changes have been reported and our review will compile and update these observations after reanalysis of their datasets with a consistent bioinformatic pipeline. From this it may be possible to predict more detailed functional consequences in terms of neuroactive gut brain modules, of the compositional alterations in gut microbial taxa.
Climate Risk and Capital Structure
Authors: Ginglinger Edith , Moreau Quentin 
Published: October 2023

We use firm-level data that measure forward-looking physical climate risk to examine the impact of climate risk on capital structure. We find that greater physical climate risk leads to lower leverage in the post-2015 period (i.e., after the Paris Agreement and the first step of standardization of disclosure of climate risk information). Our results hold after controlling for firm characteristics known to determine leverage, including credit ratings. Our evidence shows that the reduction in leverage related to climate risk is shared between a demand effect (the firm’s optimal leverage decreases) and a supply effect (bankers and bondholders increase spreads when lending to firms with the greatest risk). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that physical climate risk affects leverage via larger expected distress costs and higher operating costs. This paper was accepted by Colin Mayer, Special Section of Management Science on Business and Climate Change. Funding: This project benefited from the financial support of the Institut Europlace de Finance (Grant EIF 2019). Q. Moreau acknowledges financial support from the French Association of Institutional Investors. The authors have received in-kind support from Carbone 4 for this project in the form of a data set of climate risk ratings. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4952 .
Spanning Analysis of Stock Market Anomalies Under Prospect Stochastic Dominance
Authors: Arvanitis Stelios , Scaillet Olivier , Topaloglou Nikolas 
Published: October 2023

We develop and implement methods for determining whether introducing new securities or relaxing investment constraints improves the investment opportunity set for prospect investors. We formulate a new testing procedure for prospect spanning for two nested portfolio sets based on subsampling and linear programming. In an application, we use the prospect spanning framework to evaluate whether well-known anomalies are spanned by standard factors. We find that of the strategies considered, a few of them expand the opportunity set of the prospect type investors and thus have real economic value for them and involve absence of loss aversion. Those are the net stock issue anomaly under the FF-5 model, the momentum and net stock issue anomalies under the M-4 model, and the momentum anomaly under the q model. In-sample and out-of-sample results prove remarkably consistent in identifying genuine anomalies for prospect investors. This paper was accepted by Will Cong, finance. Supplemental Material: The data and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4953 .
Hemoglobin examination to improvement awareness blood donation on cadres at rw 05 Patangpuluhan, Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta
Authors: Astuti Yuli , Susilo Tri Djoko Endro , Syafei Nanda Achmad , Tongkasi Siti Munifa 
Published: October 2023

Background Blood service technicians must ensure that the blood to be used for the transfusion process is safe and quality blood. Hemoglobin examination is most of important to blood donation selection. Who will be to take blood donation its must to have hemglobin level is normal. That condition will be impact to quality of blood product.
Objectif of this community service is to examination hemoglobin on cadres at RW 05 Patangpuluhan, Wirobrajan, Yogyakarta to improvement awarenes blood donation.
Method of this community services is: the preparation and the implementation stage. The prapration stages include obtaining permits, preliminary studies with field observations, collecting materials and preparing tools and materials during activities and coordinating with cadres. Implementation stage are to check hemoglobin on cadres in Patangpuluhan Village.
Result of this community service were 23 cadres who participated in the service activities. The results obtained were hemoglobin are Normal (34.79%), anemia (47.82%), polistemiavera (4.34%), refusel to examination (13.5%).
Conclusions of 23 participants who hemoglobin examination mostly within normal limits.
Pathway for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: impact on patient confidence and satisfaction
Authors: Broom Ruth 
Published: October 2023

Background: Between 8 and 87% of prostatectomies result in urinary incontinence, with around half of patients using incontinence pads daily at 6 months. Specialist urology continence nurses at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals (NNUH) NHS Foundation Trust created a pre- and post-surgical care pathway formalising support for these patients, which involves the provision of TENA Men (Essity) male incontinence pads. Aims: This audit aimed to assess patient satisfaction with this pathway and TENA Men pads. Methods: Patients who underwent a radical prostatectomy at NNUH between 27 April and 9 November 2021 and who required continence pads were invited to fill out an online anonymous mixed-method (mainly qualitative) survey. Results: Of 28 respondents, 71% reported incontinence after their surgical catheter was removed. Most (89%) were satisfied with the preoperative advice. Of 19 respondents to questions on confidence and satisfaction, 16 were confident that the pads they had been prescribed were helping them to manage urinary leakage, and 16 were confident or very confident that they could manage their incontinence themselves. Generally, respondents were confident that their overall and mental health had improved, and most were confident or very confident that they had less anxiety. However, less than a quarter of respondents were ‘very confident’ about going out, meeting people or exercising. All but one respondent found TENA Men pads easy to fit, and the most used words in the free-text explanations of what they most liked, included ‘easy’, ‘discreet’, ‘comfortable’ and ‘unobtrusive’. Conclusion: The clinical pathway helped give patients undergoing radical prostatectomy confidence in their ability to manage post-surgery incontinence themselves and could be of value in other hospitals. Easy access to incontinence pads designed for the male anatomy has an important part in this.
Nursing students experiences of end-of-life care
Authors: Jones Kerry , Draper Jan , Bolton Nerys 
Published: October 2023

Background: Undergraduate nursing students spend a significant amount of time in clinical placements where they are involved in care at the end of a person's life and care after death. While their role is to provide compassionate care, some students feel wholly unprepared. Aims: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore student nurses’ experiences of care in death, dying and post death care, and to explore how students can be better prepared to provide such care. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study that is concerned with the subjective reality of participant's experiences. Findings: Six themes were developed from the analysis: first encounters with death and dying; preparedness; mentoring and support received; the caring role; striving to cope; working with families and working through COVID-19. Conclusion: Students described their experience of placements in end-of-life care as challenging, yet were also able to adopt ways to develop as compassionate practitioners.
Coagulation factors as potential predictors of COVID-19 patient outcomes
Authors: Anggita Dwi , Djaharuddin Irawaty , Iskandar Harun , Tabri Nur Ahmad , Madolangan Jamaluddin , Putrawan Harry Akza , Wiriansya Edward Pandu 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND Causes of death and length of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19 have been associated with coagulopathy. The coagulopathy mechanism involves the process of coagulation and endothelial damage triggered by an inflammatory response of the SARS-CoV-2 infection due to excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines. This study aimed to determine the association of coagulation factors as potential predictors of COVID-19 patient outcomes.
METHODS This retrospective study was performed on 595 patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from June 2020 to June 2021. Participants were recruited using total sampling and assessed for COVID-19 severity using the World Health Organization classification and coagulation factors (D-dimer, fibrinogen, thrombocyte, and prothrombin time [PT]). Patient outcome assessments were survival and length of hospitalization.
RESULTS We found a significant sex-based disparity, with a higher COVID-19 incidence in males. Severe cases were more common among those aged >50 years, with prolonged hospitalization (>10 days) linked to higher severity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31–3.77, p<0.001). Elevated fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, as well as prolonged PT, predicted severe cases. However, D-dimer had the highest influence compared to other coagulation factors (OR = 14.50, 95% CI = 5.85–35.95, p<0.001), while prolonged PT influenced mortality rates (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.35–12.00, p = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS Coagulation factors, such as elevated D-dimer and fibrinogen levels and prolonged PT, predicted the severity of COVID-19 patients leading to death.