bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particulate matter exposure is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lubner Rory J. , Rubel Kolin , Chandra Rakesh K. , Turner Justin H. , Chowdhury Naweed I. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is thought to result from complex interactions between the host immune system, microbiota, and environmental exposures. Currently, there is limited data regarding the impact of ambient particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) in the pathogenesis of CRS, despite evidence linking PM2.5 to other respiratory diseases. We hypothesized that PM2.5 may result in differential cytokine patterns that could inform our mechanistic understanding of the effect of environmental factors on CRS.MethodsWe conducted an analysis of data prospectively collected from 308 CRS patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. Cytokines were quantified in intraoperative mucus specimens using a multiplex flow cytometric bead assay. Clinical and demographic data including zip codes were extracted and used to obtain tract‐level income and rurality measures. A spatiotemporal machine learning model was used to estimate daily PM2.5 levels for the year prior to each patient's surgery date. Spearman correlations and regression analysis were performed to characterize the relationship between mucus cytokines and PM2.5.ResultsSeveral inflammatory cytokines including IL‐2, IL‐5/IL‐13, IL‐12, and 21 were significantly correlated with estimated average 6, 9, and 12‐month preoperative PM2.5 levels. These relationships were maintained for most cytokines after adjusting for age, income, body mass index, rurality, polyps, asthma, and allergic rhinitis (AR) (p < .05). There were also higher odds of asthma (OR = 1.5, p = .01) and AR (OR = 1.48, p = .03) with increasing 12‐month PM2.5 exposure. Higher tissue eosinophil counts were associated with increasing PM2.5 levels across multiple timeframes (p < .05).ConclusionsChronic PM2.5 exposure may be an independent risk factor for development of a mixed, type‐2 dominant CRS inflammatory response.
Medical ethics education as translational bioethics
Authors: Young Peter D. , Papanikitas Andrew N. , Spicer John 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe suggest that in the particular context of medical education, ethics can be considered in a similar way to other kinds of knowledge that are categorised and shaped by academics in the context of wider society. Moreover, the study of medical ethics education is translational in a manner loosely analogous to the study of medical education as adjunct to translational medicine. Some have suggested there is merit in the idea that much as translational research attempts to connect the laboratory scientist's work to its implications for patient care, translational ethics focuses on bringing ethics scholarship into the sphere of personal and public action. We distinguish the term ‘translational ethics’ (the study of ethics being translated between academy, classroom and clinic) from other prominent definitions in the bioethics literature. To do this, we build off a notion of knowledge translation that focuses on the nonlinear movement of information that comes to professionals through multiple competing sources. We suggest that this knowledge, and particularly knowledge about ethics, becomes embodied by the individual. It is through a reflective practice that internally embedded ethics knowledge might be modified, and this work might be best carried out with a moral community that maintains a sense of practical wisdom. Applying this translational approach to the study of medical ethics education can be both academically relevant and practically useful. This view of translation can help bridge the evident, multidirectional relationships between research, education and performance. It might also create further opportunities to develop medical ethics education theory.
Uncovering the mechanism of Naoxintong capsule against hypertension based on network analysis and in vitro experiments
Authors: Chen Xiatian , Hu Longgang , Wang Ruoying , Luo Min , Wei Chuang , Li Peifeng , Yu Hua 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNaoxintong capsule (NXT) is a clinical drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but its pharmacological mechanism against hypertension remains unclear. Data concerning the compounds and targets of NXT were obtained from the TCMSP and DrugBank, whereas data concerning hypertension‐related genes were obtained from DisGeNET. The network was analyzed and established by STRING and Cytoscape, and function enrichment was analyzed by GO and KEGG analysis. Molecular docking was performed to analyze the interaction between ingredients and targets, cellular activity was evaluated by MTT assay, and RT‐qPCR and western blot were used to evaluate the expressions of related genes. The results showed that 146 active therapeutic components can target hypertension‐related genes, and we found that core genes were mainly involved in the metabolism of lipids, lipopolysaccharides, the inflammatory signaling pathway, and the oxidative stress pathway. In addition, there was high affinity between the components of NXT and targets of hypertension, where the former can increase cell viability and reduce the expressions of NOX4, MCP‐1, BAX, TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Moreover, NXT inhibited the expressions of IL‐6 and Fis1, as well as increased the expression of MCL‐1. These results revealed the active compounds, hypertension targets, signaling pathways, and molecular mechanisms of NXT for treating hypertension, offering references for the clinical application of NXT and the treatment of hypertension.
Conservation implications of high gene flow and lack of pronounced spatial genetic structure in elephants supported by contiguous suitable habitat in north‐western India
Authors: De Rahul , Sharma Reeta , Singh Sujeet Kumar , Rasteiro Rita , Bhaskar Ranjana , Khan Imran , Kanagaraj Rajapandian , Kakati Kashmira , Nigam Parag , Williams A. Christy , Davidar Priya , Habib Bilal , Goyal Surendra Prakash 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe western Terai Arc Landscape (wTAL) in Uttarakhand, India, marks the range limit for the Asian elephant in north‐western India. This region has been impacted by land‐use changes and infrastructure expansion for the last seven decades. To evaluate the impact of habitat deterioration on the population structure of elephants in the region, we characterized their genetic diversity and local genetic structure using mitochondrial (D loop) and nuclear DNA (microsatellites;n = 15) markers. We used tissue samples of 114 elephants from five different sub‐populations, collected between 2005 and 2014. The genetic variation was moderate (HO = 0.49–0.55) compared with other Indian elephant populations. Two mtDNA haplotypes were identified without strong spatial patterns across wTAL. Bayesian individual‐based clustering algorithm identified two genetic clusters (K = 2) with high admixture (50% atQ < 0.7) and no spatial adherence. ThoughK = 1 was not supported by the Bayesian algorithm, multivariate analysis and sibship patterns did not indicate genetic differentiation. The lack of spatial genetic structuring suggests high levels of gene flow, indicating that this population is still panmictic. This suggests that the life history traits of elephants as well as the ecological features of this landscape influence genetic connectivity. However, ongoing land use changes necessitate regular genetic monitoring in wTAL to identify incipient structuring caused by anthropogenic barriers to movement.
The Medium in the Sociology of Niklas Luhmann: From Children to Human Beings
Authors: Morgner Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this paper, Christian Morgner provides a critical reading of Niklas Luhmann's thinking as ignoring human beings or even as antihumanist. Here, he presents an alternative view that centers on Luhmann's idea of the child or human being as a medium. To explain Luhmann's use of these ideas to conceptualize the child and the consequences for research, Morgner refers to the translation of Luhmann's paper “The Child as the Medium of Education” and to as yet unpublished material from his famous card‐box reference system. Drawing on these materials, Morgner can more clearly illuminate Luhmann's novel perspective and how it could inform further theoretical development, supported by new analysis of existing research in other fields, including developmental psychology, education, philosophy, and sociology. He concludes that, far from neglecting the human, Luhmann's theory takes human being very seriously and acknowledges its key role as a form‐giving medium in addressing the challenges faced by contemporary society. This renewed perspective should be of particular interest to educational theorists, enabling them to more freely apply his ideas in various settings.
Flexibilization or biomethane upgrading? Investment preference of German biogas plant operators for the follow‐up of guaranteed feed‐in tariffs
Authors: Schröer Daniel , Latacz‐Lohmann Uwe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article reports the results of a discrete choice experiment with 183 German biogas plant operators designed to elicit the respondents' plans for biogas utilization pathways after the end of guaranteed feed‐in tariffs. Participants could choose between ‘flexibilization’ for demand‐based electricity generation and conversion to biomethane upgrading for direct feed‐in into the natural gas grid. A binomial logit model revealed a 37% probability of switching to biomethane upgrading. These plants are characterized by higher capacities, several involved shareholders, secured succession, costly digestate disposal and belonging to the upper performance quartile. Mixed logit estimations conducted separately for the two investment concepts revealed a very high overall willingness to invest: 71% for flexibilization and 82% for biomethane upgrading. The respondents demand a return on investment of 19% for flexibilization and 26% for biomethane upgrading. Within the flexibilization, twofold overbuilding (installed capacity equals 2 times the rated power) is clearly preferred to fivefold overbuilding. For the biomethane upgrading, private ownership of the upgrading plant is preferred to a joint investment in a central upgrading facility. Limiting the use of energy crops reduces the propensity to invest in both models, while a longer utilization period enhances it. The respondents consider lack of planning reliability as the biggest obstacle to invest, followed by long approval procedures and high investment costs due to restrictive legal requirements.
BRAFV600E immunohistochemistry can reliably substitute BRAF molecular testing in the Lynch syndrome screening algorithm in colorectal cancer
Authors: Grillo Federica , Paudice Michele , Pigozzi Simona , Dono Maria , Lastraioli Sonia , Lugaresi Marialuisa , Bozzano Silvia , Tognoni Camilla , Ali Murad , Sciallero Stefania , Puccini Alberto , Fassan Matteo , Mastracci Luca 
Published: January 2024

AimsThe Lynch syndrome (LS) screening algorithm requires BRAF testing as a fundamental step to distinguish sporadic from LS‐associated colorectal carcinomas (CRC). BRAF testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has shown variable results in the literature. Our aim was to analyse concordance between BRAFV600EIHC and BRAF molecular analysis in a large, mono‐institutional CRC whole‐slide, case series with laboratory validation.Methods and resultsMisMatch repair (MMR) protein (hMLH1, hPMS2, hMSH2, and hMSH6) and BRAFV600EIHC were performed on all unselected cases of surgically resected CRCs (2018–2023). An in‐house validation study for BRAFV600EIHC was performed in order to obtain optimal IHC stains. BRAFVV600EIHC was considered negative (score 0), positive (scores 2–3), and equivocal (score 1). Interobserver differences in BRAFV600EIHC scoring were noted in the first 150 cases prospectively collected. Nine‐hundred and ninety CRCs cases (830 proficient (p)MMR/160 deficient (d)MMR) were included and all cases performed BRAFV600EIHC (BRAFV600EIHC‐positive 13.5% of all series; 66.3% dMMR cases; 3.4% pMMR cases), while 333 also went to BRAF mutation analysis. Optimal agreement in IHC scoring between pathologists (P < 0.0001) was seen; concordance between BRAFV600EIHC and BRAF molecular analysis was extremely high (sensitivity 99.1%, specificity 99.5%; PPV 99.1%, and NPV 99.5%). Discordant cases were reevaluated; 1 score 3 + IHC/wildtype case was an interpretation error and one score 0 IHC/mutated case was related to heterogenous BRAFV600EIHC expression. Among the 12 IHC‐equivocal score 1+ cases (which require BRAF molecular analysis), three were BRAF‐mutated and nine BRAF‐wildtype.ConclusionBRAFV600EIHC can be used as a reliable surrogate of molecular testing after stringent in‐house validation.
Variation in pollen load composition carried by wild bee species in native and nearby agricultural environments in south‐eastern Australia
Authors: Brown Julian , Burke Helen , Stevenson Janelle , Cunningham Saul A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms by which wild bees survive in modified landscapes is important for their conservation and management as pollinators. Pollen is a critical resource for the completion of bee life cycles, so we investigated how the pollen loads carried by native bee communities change between natural forests and farms dominated by exotic crops and weeds in an agricultural region of south‐east Australia.
We found that individual bees tended to carry higher proportions of exotic pollen on farms compared with forests (after accounting for whether they were captured on exotic or native flowers), and the diversity of pollen carried by bees did not differ significantly between native forest and farm sites or along native forest cover gradients. This suggests that the native bees found on farms, which are predominantly different species compared with those found in native forests, are not disadvantaged by the dominance of exotic plants in these habitats (though impacts on larval nutrition were not investigated).
While some native bees carried crop pollen, others almost exclusively carried the pollen of agricultural weeds (e.g., Arctotheca and Brassica species), such that some native bee species may pollinate and benefit from crops, whereas others may only persist on farms if agricultural weeds are tolerated.
Displaced or depressed? Working in automatable jobs and mental health
Authors: Blasco Sylvie , Rochut Julie , Rouland Benedicte 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAutomation may destroy jobs and change the labor demand structure, thereby potentially impacting workers' mental health. Implementing propensity score matching on French individual survey data, we find that working in an automatable job is associated with a 3 pp increase in the probability of suffering from mental disorders. Fear of automation through fear of job loss, expectation of a required change in skills, and fear of unwanted job mobility seem to be relevant channels to explain the findings.
Higher penalties, broader definitions, and national standards: Did harmonized Australian workplace health and safety laws reduce workers' compensation receipt?
Authors: Bilgrami Anam , Cutler Henry , Sinha Kompal 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA quasi‐experiment was created in Australian policy between 2012 and 2013 when workplace health and safety laws were harmonized in all but two jurisdictions. This reform expanded definitions for duty of care, introduced criminal enforcement, and increased penalties. Using stacked difference‐in‐difference estimation, we fail to find overall reduced workers' compensation probability over the post‐reform period. However, we find significantly reduced workers' compensation probabilities for high‐risk industry workers and workers in single‐location employers. We conclude that more consistent laws may not reduce overall claims and injury if they do not reduce complexity or consider available inspectorate resources, and if jurisdictions have implementation flexibility.
Exploring the complex cognitive, affective and behavioural processes of individuals with intellectual disabilities in financially abusive situations
Authors: Ghaderi Golnaz , Cobigo Virginie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the cognitive processes of individuals with intellectual disabilities in financially abusive situations is critical to develop effective prevention strategies.AimsThis study investigated how persons with intellectual disabilities define and analyse financially abusive situations, and how they would feel and act in situations that they consider abusive.Materials and MethodsTwelve participants with intellectual disabilities participated in a semi‐structured interview where they were asked to reflect on three vignettes illustrating financial abuse. We analysed the interviews using thematic analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that individuals with intellectual disabilities considered the type of relationship between the victims and the perpetrators, the behavioural patterns of the perpetrators, and their own experiences when interpreting the situation. Furthermore, they discussed their emotional and behavioural reactions to the vignettes.ConclusionThis study has important implications in supporting the autonomy and decision‐making rights of persons with intellectual disabilities regarding their finances and developing effective preventions against financial abuse among this population.
Validation of dual atrioventricular nodal physiology in dual atrioventricular nodal non‐reentrant tachycardia via adenosine triphosphate injection during atrial pacing: A novel insight into the role of leftward inferior extension
Authors: Arai Hirofumi , Asakawa Tetsuya , Sagawa Yuichiro , Yasui Yumi , Oda Atsuhito , Murata Kazuya , Nakagawa Kazuya , Sasano Tetsuo , Aonuma Kazutaka , Yamauchi Yasuteru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionDual atrioventricular nodal non‐reentrant tachycardia (DAVNNT) is a rare and challenging‐to‐diagnose arrhythmia, without previous reports associating it with a leftward inferior extension (LIE).MethodsDiagnosis was made using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) injection during atrial pacing in a suspected DAVNNT patient.ResultsAblation of the rightward inferior extension was unsuccessful in eliminating DAVNNT; however, subsequent ablation of the LIE successfully eradicated the arrhythmia.ConclusionThis unique case, marked by the first instance of DAVNNT caused by LIE, diagnosed through ATP injection, underscores the utility of this diagnostic approach and broadens the spectrum of our understanding and management of this condition.
Research Review: Grandparental care and child mental health – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yihang , Chen Xintai , Wang Anzhuo , Jordan Lucy Porter , Lu Shuang 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe number of children residing in grandfamilies is growing worldwide, leading to more research attention on grandparental care over the past decades. Grandparental care can influence child well‐being in various forms and the effects vary across contexts. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we synthesize the evidence on the relation between grandparental care and children's mental health status.MethodsWe identified 5,745 records from seven databases, among which 38 articles were included for review. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to synthesize evidence from eligible studies. We also examined the variability across study and participant characteristics, including study design, recruitment method, child age, child gender, study region, family type, comparison group, and outcome rater.ResultsThe meta‐analysis consisted of 344,860 children from the included studies, whose average age was 10.29, and of which 51.39% were female. Compared with their counterparts, children being cared for by their grandparents had worse mental health status, including more internalizing problems (d = −0.20, 95% CI [−0.31, −0.09], p = .001), externalizing problems (d = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.01], p = .03), overall mental problems (d = −0.37, 95% CI [−0.70, −0.04], p = .03), and poorer socioemotional well‐being (d = −0.26, 95% CI [−0.49, −0.03], p = .03). The effects varied by study design and child gender.ConclusionsThe findings highlight that grandparental care is negatively associated with child mental health outcomes with trivial‐to‐small effect sizes. More supportive programs and interventions should be delivered to grandfamilies, especially in disadvantaged communities.
Development of a parallel plate capacitive sensor‐based system for assessing the quality of Paneer (Indian cottage cheese)
Authors: Kumari Khushbu , Chakraborty Subir Kumar , Kishore Anand , Chitranayak  
Published: January 2024

AbstractA parallel plate capacitive (PPC) sensor‐based system is proposed to estimate the Paneer quality as well as to detect adulteration in the Paneer by measuring the dielectric properties of the Paneer. The experimentation on a developed system with various types of Paneer showed that it could characterize Paneer quality in terms of its fat content by preparing it with the addition of skimmed milk powder (SMP) and adulteration with palmolein oil. The results depict that the capacitance of pure buffalo milk Paneer was highest (192.58 μF) and that the capacitance value decreased with increasing SMP content in the Paneer (or decreasing fat content), with the lowest value obtained for 100% SMP Paneer (75.37 μF). It can be observed that the accuracy of the device in detecting various categories of Paneer is significant (>80%). Specificity of the device to detect negative as true negative is also significantly high for all the categories (>0.85).Practical applicationsConventional methods for estimating quality of dairy products are tedious, destructive, and require high‐end laboratory equipment. Therefore, a rapid, non‐destructive, and economical tool was needed. The present work details the development of dielectric capacitive sensor‐based system that can non‐destructively characterize Paneer and is efficient in detecting the adulteration in Paneer in terms of skim milk powder or vegetable oil. There is scope of using the developed system as a guideline for further study on other traditional dairy products such as chhana, yoghurt, condensed milk, khoa and so forth.
Fusarium species causing root rot and wilt in tomato in Brazil
Authors: Severo Robinson , Soki Shibutani Leandro Jun , da Silva Gilvan Ferreira , da Silva Costa Guimarães Sarah , de Alcântara Neto Francisco , Beserra José Evando Aguiar , de Souza José Fábio Ferreira , de Melo Maruzanete Pereira 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA high frequency of plants showing symptoms of wilting and root rot has been observed in tomato‐producing areas in Santarém and Belterra, Pará, Brazil. These plants showed symptoms ranging from yellowing to wilting, with roots displaying reduced development and darkening of the xylem. Four fungal isolates, derived from a collection of 12 obtained from symptomatic plants, were chosen for identification using both morphological and phylogenetic species concepts. To determine the identity of the fungi, DNA was extracted and used in PCR reactions. PCR products were sequenced from the TEF‐1α and RBP2 regions and compared with sequences in GenBank using BLASTn. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, the isolates were identified as Fusarium falciforme and Fusarium suttonianum, belonging to the species complex Fusarium solani – (FSSC), and Fusarium triseptatum, belonging to the species complex Fusarium oxysporum – (FOSC). The fourth isolate, COUFPI 295, grouped within a clade of F. kalimantanense and F. sangayamense from FOSC. The fulfilment of Koch's postulates confirmed that all isolates induced symptoms of root rot and concomitant reduction in root mass, leading to observable wilting symptoms. This is the first report of F. suttonianum, F. falciforme and F. triseptatum causing root rot and wilt in tomato plants in Brazil.