bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source‐to‐sink tandem geochronology reveals tectonic influences on the Cambrian Transcontinental Arch of Laurentia
Authors: Holland Mark E. , Mohr Michael , Schmitz Mark , Madronich Lauren , Karlstrom Karl 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCompeting hypotheses attribute the regional loss of 1.2–1.0 Ga detrital zircon from the Cambrian Sauk Sequence in southwestern North America to differing tectonic controls on surface topography. We test three hypotheses with source‐to‐sink detrital zircon provenance analysis via tandem in situ and isotope dilution U–Pb geochronology paired with geochemical and Hf‐isotope tracers. Our data indicate that the lower‐to‐middle Sixtymile Formation in Grand Canyon was derived from ca. 1.1 Ga rocks of the Llano Uplift and the ca. 539–523 Ma Wichita igneous province, approximately 1400 km away. In contrast, new U–Pb geochronology links the upper Sixtymile and Tapeats formations to the 513–510 Ma Florida Mountains intrusive complex, southern New Mexico, and proximal 1.4 and 1.7 Ga basement approximately 650 km away. We attribute a regional provenance shift to plume–lithosphere interactions on the Iapetan margin, tectonism along ‘leaky’ intracratonic transverse fault zones and the rift‐to‐drift transition on the Cordilleran margin.
Urban high‐quality navigation path planning that integrates human emotion perception learning
Authors: Liu Shaojun , Long Yi , Zhang Ling , Huang Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGeographic information system navigation services are now incorporating psychological well‐being as a factor when devising navigation routes. However, challenges such as limited data, method generalizability, and subjective human perception remain unresolved. Therefore, a general humanized path‐navigation method that effectively quantifies human emotional perception demands is required. In this study, we designed a deep learning model using a large, crowdsourced dataset to predict emotional responses to street‐view images. Our method enhances urban path planning, thus providing comprehensive emotional benefits. Our approach and several goal‐oriented methods were applied in Nanjing, and the findings were compared via comparative analyses and questionnaire surveys. The results confirmed that our proposed method outperforms utilitarian goal‐driven path planning methods in terms of subjective perception. This study provides a widely available technique for high‐quality navigation planning that meets psychological perception needs and offers a valuable guidance for the research on humanized geographic information services.
Moral explanation of moral judgements
Authors: Chonabayashi Ryo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract“The wrongness of Albert's action causally explains why Jane judged that his action was wrong”. This type of causal moral explanation has been extensively discussed in the recent metaethical literature. This paper motivates the following claims about this type of moral explanation. First, a typical defence of this type of moral explanation suggested in the literature does not work because it predicts inaccurate modal information. Second, focusing on different aspects of the ways moral judgements are generated provides better chances for the defender of this type of moral explanation. Third, the strategy mentioned in the previous point leads us to the following alternative evaluative explanation: The property of being a harmful action explains a recognisable pattern of moral judgements observed in the relevant empirical studies. One crucial implication the paper alludes to is a localist approach to the debates concerning moral realism: We should consider each moral property's ontological genuineness separately, referring to specific empirical findings that are particularly relevant to the target moral property in question. Such a localist approach can provide solid resources for realists to respond to various anti‐realist challenges, such as an influential evolutionary debunking argument.
Investigation of regulatory divergence between homoeologs in the recently formed allopolyploids, Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus (Asteraceae)
Authors: Yoo Mi‐Jeong , Koh Jin , Boatwright J. Lucas , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Barbazuk W. Brad , Chen Sixue 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYPolyploidy is an important evolutionary process throughout eukaryotes, particularly in flowering plants. Duplicated gene pairs (homoeologs) in allopolyploids provide additional genetic resources for changes in molecular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms that result in evolutionary novelty. Therefore, understanding how divergent genomes and their regulatory networks reconcile is vital for unraveling the role of polyploidy in plant evolution. Here, we compared the leaf transcriptomes of recently formed natural allotetraploids (Tragopogon mirus and T. miscellus) and their diploid parents (T. porrifolius X T. dubius and T. pratensis X T. dubius, respectively). Analysis of 35 400 expressed loci showed a significantly higher level of transcriptomic additivity compared to old polyploids; only 22% were non‐additively expressed in the polyploids, with 5.9% exhibiting transgressive expression (lower or higher expression in the polyploids than in the diploid parents). Among approximately 7400 common orthologous regions (COREs), most loci in both allopolyploids exhibited expression patterns that were vertically inherited from their diploid parents. However, 18% and 20.3% of the loci showed novel expression bias patterns in T. mirus and T. miscellus, respectively. The expression changes of 1500 COREs were explained by cis‐regulatory divergence (the condition in which the two parental subgenomes do not interact) between the diploid parents, whereas only about 423 and 461 of the gene expression changes represent trans‐effects (the two parental subgenomes interact) in T. mirus and T. miscellus, respectively. The low degree of both non‐additivity and trans‐effects on gene expression may present the ongoing evolutionary processes of the newly formed Tragopogon polyploids (~80–90 years).
The impact of automation on labour market outcomes in emerging countries
Authors: Díaz Pavez Luis R. , Martínez‐Zarzoso Inmaculada 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe labour market effects of automation have gained significant attention from scholars and policymakers. Concerns about negative effects are important in emerging countries, where a rapid acceleration of robot adoption and an increasing involvement in global value chains have been observed in recent years, with the subsequent increase in exposure to foreign competition. This paper estimates the effect of local and foreign robots on labour market outcomes and labour shares using a panel dataset composed of 16 sectors and ten emerging countries from 2008 to 2014. The endogeneity of robots' adoption is addressed with an instrumental variables approach and using a shift‐share index of exposure to foreign robots. The main results for all sectors show that foreign robot adoption has negatively affected employment in emerging countries. When exploring sectoral heterogeneity, we find that the foreign robots' negative effect on employment has occurred in many sectors, being more prominent in those with higher exposure to foreign robots. Moreover, we found small and negative inter‐sectoral spillover effects of local robots on employment and wages. Finally, the results also show that the labour share is affected in some sectors of emerging countries by both the use of local and foreign robots.
Glacial Sensing: Entanglements of Sound and Vision
Authors: Mirza Saadia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhat is the relationship between vision and sound in more‐than‐human environmental sensing? This article traces an ethnography of glaciologists' experiences with technological sensing systems that surpass human sensing capabilities, producing an expansion of sensory knowledge that enmeshes both imagery and acoustics. Sound and vision emerge no longer as separate modalities, but in a united vocabulary of sensing in which the human and the machine are collaborators, producing a multi‐eared and multi‐eyed system by which icebergs and glaciers are observed and perceived as a quickly morphing process, rather than as a static object. It examines the manifold aesthetic variations and conversions of data from acoustic sensing systems into sounds and images that work together to reshape the scientific imagination of the cryosphere. This process ultimately reveals how technology changes perceptions and how glaciers, human bodies, and machines become intertwined with each other in a more‐than‐human system that holds the promise to diversify knowledge.
Effects of plasmapheresis frequency on health status and exercise performance in men: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mortier Alexandre , Khoudary Jina , van Dooslaer de Ten Ryen Sophie , Lannoy Camille , Benoit Nicolas , Antoine Nancy , Copine Sylvie , Van Remoortel Hans , Vandekerckhove Philippe , Compernolle Veerle , Deldicque Louise 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMost research studies on the effects of repeated plasma donation are observational with different study limitations, resulting in high uncertainty on the link between repeated plasma donation and health consequences. Here, we prospectively investigated the safety of intensive or less intensive plasma donation protocols.Materials and MethodsSixty‐three male subjects participated in this randomized controlled trial and were divided into low‐frequency (LF, once/month, n = 16), high‐frequency (HF, three times/month, n = 16), very high‐frequency (VHF, two times/week, n = 16) and a placebo (P, once/month, n = 15) groups. Biochemical, haematological, clinical, physiological and exercise‐related data were collected before (D0), after 1½ months (D42) and after 3 months (D84) of donation.ResultsIn VHF, red blood cells, haemoglobin and haematocrit levels decreased while reticulocyte levels increased from D0 to D84. In both HF and VHF, plasma ferritin levels were lower at D42 and D84 compared to D0. In VHF, plasma levels of albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) dropped from D0 to D42 and remained lower at D84 than at D0. In HF, plasma IgG, IgA and IgM were lower at D42, and IgG and IgM were lower at D84, compared to D0. Few adverse events were reported in HF and VHF. Repeated plasma donation had no effect on blood pressure, body composition or exercise performance.ConclusionVHF plasmapheresis may result in a large reduction in ferritin and IgG levels. HF and VHF plasmapheresis may result in little to no difference in other biochemical, haematological, clinical, physiological and exercise‐related parameters.
Interstitial cells of Cajal – pacemakers of the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Sanders Kenton M. , Santana L. Fernando , Baker Salah A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) organs display spontaneous, non‐neurogenic electrical, and mechanical rhythmicity that underlies fundamental motility patterns, such as peristalsis and segmentation. Electrical rhythmicity (aka slow waves) results from pacemaker activity generated by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). ICC express a unique set of ionic conductances and Ca2+ handling mechanisms that generate and actively propagate slow waves. GI smooth muscle cells lack these conductances. Slow waves propagate actively within ICC networks and conduct electrotonically to smooth muscle cells via gap junctions. Slow waves depolarize smooth muscle cells and activate voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (predominantly CaV1.2), causing Ca2+ influx and excitation–contraction coupling. The main conductances responsible for pacemaker activity in ICC are ANO1, a Ca2+‐activated Cl− conductance, and CaV3.2. The pacemaker cycle, as currently understood, begins with spontaneous, localized Ca2+ release events in ICC that activate spontaneous transient inward currents due to activation of ANO1 channels. Depolarization activates CaV3.2 channels, causing the upstroke depolarization phase of slow waves. The upstroke is transient and followed by a long‐duration plateau phase that can last for several seconds. The plateau phase results from Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release and a temporal cluster of localized Ca2+ transients in ICC that sustains activation of ANO1 channels and clamps membrane potential near the equilibrium potential for Cl− ions. The plateau phase ends, and repolarization occurs, when Ca2+ stores are depleted, Ca2+ release ceases and ANO1 channels deactivate. This review summarizes key mechanisms responsible for electrical rhythmicity in gastrointestinal organs.
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Reduced in utero substrate supply decreases mitochondrial abundance and alters the expression of metabolic signalling molecules in the fetal sheep heart
Authors: Dimasi Catherine G. , Darby Jack R. T. , Cho Steven K. S. , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Holman Stacey L. , Meakin Ashley S. , Wiese Michael D. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Seed Mike , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBabies born with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases across the life course. The reduction in substrate supply to the developing fetus that causes FGR not only alters cardiac growth and structure but may have deleterious effects on metabolism and function. Using a sheep model of placental restriction to induce FGR, we investigated key cardiac metabolic and functional markers that may be altered in FGR. We also employed phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging MRI to assess left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) as a measure of cardiac function. We hypothesized that signalling molecules involved in cardiac fatty acid utilisation and contractility would be impaired by FGR and that this would have a negative impact on LVCO in the late gestation fetus. Key glucose (GLUT4 protein) and fatty acid (FATP, CD36 gene expression) substrate transporters were significantly reduced in the hearts of FGR fetuses. We also found reduced mitochondrial numbers as well as abundance of electron transport chain complexes (complexes II and IV). These data suggest that FGR diminishes metabolic and mitochondrial capacity in the fetal heart; however, alterations were not correlated with fetal LVCO. Overall, these data show that FGR alters fetal cardiac metabolism in late gestation. If sustained ex utero, this altered metabolic profile may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in FGR‐born individuals after birth.
imageKey points
Around the time of birth, substrate utilisation in the fetal heart switches from carbohydrates to fatty acids. However, the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on this switch, and thus the ability of the fetal heart to effectively metabolise fatty acids, is not fully understood.
Using a sheep model of early onset FGR, we observed significant downregulation in mRNA expression of fatty acid receptors CD36 and FABP in the fetal heart. FGR fetuses also had significantly lower cardiac mitochondrial abundance than controls.
There was a reduction in abundance of complexes II and IV within the electron transport chain of the FGR fetal heart, suggesting altered ATP production.
This indicates reduced fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the heart of the FGR fetus, which may have detrimental long‐term implications and contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
Interval colorectal cancers after negative faecal immunochemical test in the New Zealand Bowel Screening Pilot
Authors: Saw Kai Sheng , Sexton Kerry , Frankish Paul , Hulme-Moir Mike , Bissett Ian , Parry Susan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveEvaluate the diagnostic performance of faecal immunochemical test (FIT), identify risk factors for FIT-interval colorectal cancers (FIT-IC) and describe long-term outcomes of participants with colorectal cancers (CRC) in the New Zealand Bowel Screening Pilot (BSP).DesignFrom 2012 to 2017, the BSP offered eligible individuals, aged 50–74 years, biennial screening using a quantitative FIT with positivity threshold of 15 µg haemoglobin (Hb)/g faeces. Retrospective review of prospectively maintained data extracted from the BSP Register and New Zealand Cancer Registry identified any CRC reported in participants who returned a definitive FIT result. Further details were obtained from hospital records. FIT-ICs were primary CRC diagnosed within 24 months of a negative FIT. Factors associated with FIT-ICs were identified using logistic regression.ResultsOf 387 215 individuals invited, 57.4% participated with 6.1% returning positive FIT results. Final analysis included 520 CRC, of which 111 (21.3%) met FIT-IC definition. Overall FIT sensitivity for CRC was 78.7% (95% CI=74.9% to 82.1%), specificity was 94.1% (95% CI=94.0% to 94.2%). In 78 (70.3%) participants with FIT-IC, faecal Hb was reported as undetectable. There were no significant associations between FIT-IC and age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation. FIT-ICs were significantly associated with proximal tumour location, late stage at diagnosis, high-grade tumour differentiation and subsequent round screens. Median follow-up time was 74 (2–124) months. FIT-IC had significantly poorer overall survival.ConclusionFIT sensitivity in BSP compared favourably to published data. FIT-ICs were more likely to be proximal tumours with poor long-term outcomes. Further lowering of FIT threshold would have minimal impact on FIT-IC.
Ambroxol as a disease-modifying treatment to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment inGBA-associated Parkinson’s disease: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial. The AMBITIOUS study protocol
Authors: Colucci Fabiana , Avenali Micol , De Micco Rosita , Fusar Poli Marco , Cerri Silvia , Stanziano Mario , Bacila Ana , Cuconato Giada , Franco Valentina , Franciotta Diego , Ghezzi Cristina , Gastaldi Matteo , Elia Antonio Emanuele , Romito Luigi , Devigili Grazia , Leta Valentina , Garavaglia Barbara , Golfrè Andreasi Nico , Cazzaniga Federico , Reale Chiara , Galandra Caterina , Germani Giancarlo , Mitrotti Pierfrancesco , Ongari Gerardo , Palmieri Ilaria , Picascia Marta , Pichiecchio Anna , Verri Mattia , Esposito Fabrizio , Cirillo Mario , Di Nardo Federica , Aloisio Simone , Siciliano Mattia , Prioni Sara , Amami Paolo , Piacentini Sylvie , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Grisoli Marina , Moda Fabio , Eleopra Roberto , Tessitore Alessandro , Valente Enza Maria , Cilia Roberto 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundHeterozygous mutations in theGBAgene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), are the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD).GBA-related PD (GBA-PD) patients have higher risk of dementia and reduced survival than non-carriers. Preclinical studies and one open-label trial in humans demonstrated that the chaperone ambroxol (ABX) increases GCase levels and modulates α-synuclein levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Methods and analysisIn this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II clinical trial, we randomise patients with GBA-PD in a 1:1 ratio to either oral ABX 1.2 g/day or placebo. The duration of treatment is 52 weeks. Each participant is assessed at baseline and weeks 12, 26, 38, 52 and 78. Changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and the frequency of mild cognitive impairment and dementia between baseline and weeks 52 are the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures include changes in validated scales/questionnaires assessing motor and non-motor symptoms. Neuroimaging features and CSF neurodegeneration markers are used as surrogate markers of disease progression. GCase activity, ABX and α-synuclein levels are also analysed in blood and CSF. A repeated-measures analysis of variance will be used for elaborating results. The primary analysis will be by intention to treat.Ethics and disseminationThe study and protocols have been approved by the ethics committee of centres. The study is conducted according to good clinical practice and the Declaration of Helsinki. The trial findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numbersNCT05287503, EudraCT 2021-004565-13.
Multivariate analysis of repeatability for the Near Eye Tool for Refractive Assessment (NETRA)
Authors: Hasrod Nabeela , Rubin Alan 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate repeatability of refractive state using a smartphone-based assessment tool, the Near Eye Tool for Refractive Assessment (NETRA).Methods and analysisThis study included 279 participants, predominantly female (66.7%) of African descent (49.1%). The age range was 9–63 years with mean age (s) 22.6 (8.9) years. Two consecutive measurements per eye with the NETRA were measured for both eyes of all participants. However, analyses for the right eyes only are included here. Multivariate statistical analysis included stereo-pair comets and scatterplots with 95% surfaces of constant probability density. Correlation coefficients for repeated samples were determined. Repeatability and agreement for NETRA were assessed with Bland-Altman plots, coefficients of repeatability (CR=1.96sd;sdis the SD of differences) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsBland-Altman plots, within-subject SD (sw), coefficients of repeatability and ICC indicated that repeated measurements were similar for many but not all eyes and there was good agreement (ICC=0.96) for the spherical coefficient (FI=M) but less so for antistigmatic coefficients (FJ=J0andFK=J45) of power. Although mean differences for repeated samples were almost zero, 95% limits of agreement widths were larger for the stigmatic coefficients. Without cycloplegia, repeatability (2.77sw) was 1.63 D, 0.58 D and 0.56 D for the stigmatic and antistigmatic coefficients, respectively.ConclusionNETRA is a potentially useful and inexpensive portable method in clinical and primary health settings, and especially in less-developed regions of the world. The subjective nature of the self-refraction task can be challenging for younger individuals, and cycloplegia is recommended for NETRA with such patients.
Tuberculous meningitis patient pathways and delays to diagnosis in Indonesia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nijman Gerine , Imran Darma , Dian Sofiati , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , Estiasari Riwanti , Maharani Kartika , Yolanda Raesa , Supriatin Mimin , Alisjahbana Bachti , Lestari Bony Wiem , Hamers Raph L , Hill Philip C , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDelays in diagnosis and treatment contribute to high mortality of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). We studied TBM patient pathways including delays to diagnosis, and their alignment with available diagnostic services in Indonesia.MethodsWe recruited patients admitted to two tertiary hospitals who started TBM treatment. Participants or their relatives were interviewed to recall healthcare visits preceding TBM treatment. We also surveyed available diagnostic capacity for TBM at hospitals that had been visited by at least two patients preceding their study enrolment.ResultsOf 175 participants (median age 31 years, 57.1% men), 85.1% had reduced consciousness or coma, and 46.9% had motor deficits including hemiparesis. Patients attended a first healthcare provider, most often private clinics (38.3%) or informal healthcare providers (22.3%), at a median 14 days (IQR 1–34) after symptom onset. They visited multiple providers (median 5, IQR 3–8) over a prolonged time period (median 31 days, IQR 10–79) preceding TBM diagnosis. Of 40 surveyed hospitals, 52.5% could not or not always perform lumbar puncture, 22.5% lacked cerebral imaging facilities and 31.6% and 84.2%, respectively, could not provide routine microscopy or GeneXpert MTB/RIF on cerebrospinal fluid.ConclusionIn these urban settings in Indonesia, pathways to TBM diagnosis are complex and lengthy, and patients often visit healthcare providers with limited capacity to diagnose TBM. There is an urgent need for interventions to strengthen health literacy and diagnostic and referral processes in public and private health sectors for complex patient groups like TBM.