bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Lebanese Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate stratigraphic sequence: a geochemical approach
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman A.‐F. M. , Nader F. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Lebanese crustal segment is part of a much larger carbonate platform deposited along the northwestern margin of the Arabian Plate, in the eastern Mediterranean region. It is made up mainly of Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate rocks. Most of this stratigraphic sequence is exposed in the Nahr Ibrahim canyon and surrounding areas in central Lebanon. The various formations, from the oldest unit (the Lower Jurassic Kesrouane Formation) to the Upper Cretaceous Chekka Formation, are made up of different types of carbonate rocks including micritic limestone, medium‐ to coarse‐grained dolostone, biomicritic (chalk), biosparrudite limestone, micritic dolostone, pelmicrite, marl and marly limestone.Results of this first chemical investigation on the Lebanese carbonate platform show that the micritic limestone of the Kesrouane Formation is relatively enriched in Ca, Na and Sc, and has low rare‐earth element (REE) contents. The marl units of the Hammana Formation are enriched in Al, Fe, K, Ti, Rb, Ga, Nb, U, Th and REE. The chalk of the Chekka Formation shows the highest phosphorus content. A significant increase in P and Sr contents with time (from the Lower Jurassic to the Upper Cretaceous carbonate units) characterizes the Lebanese sequence; this is interpreted to be related to a possible increase in continental weathering rates during the Mesozoic. Enrichment in Ni, Ti and Nb in some formations is interpreted to be linked to Mesozoic volcanism in central Lebanon. The Cretaceous formations are subdivided according to their REE patterns into two distinct groups: limestones (Mdairej, Sannine and Maameltain formations) which are depleted in REE; and marl/chalk (Hammana and Chekka formations) which are significantly enriched in REE. On several geochemical variation diagrams, such as the K–Ti–P triangular plot, the Lebanese Mesozoic carbonate formations are found to occupy distinct compositional fields. Thus, carbonate geochemistry could prove to be a powerful tool (especially when combined with petrographic data) in characterizing and correlating carbonate formations (chemical stratigraphy), particularly in regions where field evidence may be limited. Results of this study have significant implications for the entire carbonate platform that covers a large part of the eastern Mediterranean region. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwann cell caveolin‐1 expression increases during myelination and decreases after axotomy
Authors: Mikol Daniel D. , Scherer Steven S. , Duckett Sara J. , Hong Hoylond L. , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe caveolins are a family of related proteins that form the structural framework of caveolae. They have been implicated in the regulation of signal transduction, cell cycle control, and cellular transport processes, particularly cholesterol trafficking. Caveolin‐1 is expressed by a variety of cell types, including Schwann cells, although its expression is greatest in differentiated cell types, such as endothelial cells and adipocytes. In the present work, we characterize caveolin‐1 expression both during rat sciatic nerve development and after axotomy. Schwann cells express little caveolin‐1 on postnatal days 1 and 6. By P30, myelinating Schwann cells express caveolin‐1, which is localized in the outer/abaxonal myelin membranes as well as intracellularly. After axotomy, Schwann cell caveolin‐1 expression in the distal nerve stump decreases as Schwann cells revert to a premyelinating (p75‐positive) phenotype; residual caveolin‐1 within the nerve largely localizes to myelin debris and infiltrating macrophages. We speculate that caveolin‐1 plays a role in the biology of myelinating Schwann cells. GLIA 38:191–199, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sublytic C5b‐9‐stimulated Schwann cell survival through PI 3‐kinase‐mediated phosphorylation of BAD
Authors: Hila Sorana , Soane Lucian , Koski Carol Lee 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSublytic C5b‐9 induces cell cycle activation, proliferation, and rescue from apoptosis in Schwann cells. The signaling pathways for C5b‐9‐mediated rescue were investigated. Following serum withdrawal, DNA fragmentation, detected by TUNEL and FACS analysis, was 56.7% ± 7.3 and 91.9% ± 2.4 in cultured sciatic nerve Schwann cells from 6‐day‐old rats after 18 h and 24 h, respectively. Apoptosis was confirmed by inhibition of DNA fragmentation in a dose‐dependent manner by DMQD‐CHO, a caspase‐3 inhibitor. Treatment with sublytic C5b‐9 generated with purified components (C5*9) or Ab+C7‐depleted serum (C7dHS)+C7 rescued 89% and 86% of Schwann cells, respectively, as compared with cells treated with C5*6, C8, C9, or Ab+C7dHS. Sublytic C5b‐9 increased Schwann cell PI‐3 kinase and Akt activity maximally at 5 min 3.14 ± 0.5‐fold and 3.56 ± 0.4‐fold, respectively, over controls. ERK‐1 activity was maximally stimulated 2.98‐fold at 15 min. Inhibition of PI‐3 kinase by LY294002 abrogated the C5b‐9‐mediated Schwann cell rescue from apoptosis, while inhibition of ERK‐1 with PD098,059 did not. PI‐3 kinase‐Akt pathway activation by C5b‐9 induced, within 15 min, a 6.34 ± 1.2‐fold increase in BAD phosphorylation at Ser 136, but not at Ser 112. Downstream Bcl‐xL protein was increased 2.61‐fold ± 0.34‐fold by 18 h and 3.9‐fold ± 0.84‐fold by 24 h over controls. LY294002 prevented both BAD phosphorylation at Ser 136 and Bcl‐xL protein induction, while PD098,059 did not. Our data indicated that sublytic C5b‐9 rescued Schwann cell from apoptosis via activation of PI‐3 kinase‐Akt, BAD phosphorylation on Ser 136 and increased expression of Bcl‐xL. Sublytic C5b‐9 detected on Schwann cell in vivo during inflammatory neuropathy may facilitate survival of Schwann cell capable of remyelination. GLIA 36:58–67, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oligodendrocytes use lactate as a source of energy and as a precursor of lipids
Authors: Sánchez‐Abarca Luis I. , Tabernero Arantxa , Medina José M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLactate is an important metabolic substrate for the brain during the postnatal period and also plays a crucial role in the traffic of metabolites between astrocytes and neurons. However, to date there are no clues with regard to lactate utilization by oligodendrocytes, the myelin‐forming cells in the brain. In the present work, lactate utilization by oligodendrocytes in culture was investigated and compared with its utilization by cultured neurons, type 1 and type 2 astrocytes. Our results clearly indicate that oligodendrocytes readily use lactate both as a metabolic fuel and as a precursor to build carbon skeletons. Oligodendrocytes oxidize lactate at a higher rate than that observed for neurons and astrocytes, and their rate of lipid synthesis from lactate was at least 6‐fold higher than that found in astrocytes or neurons. The rate of glucose utilization through different pathways was also investigated. The flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway and the rate of lipid synthesis were at least 2‐fold higher in oligodendrocytes than in astrocytes or neurons. These findings indicate that oligodendrocyte metabolism is designed specifically for the synthesis of lipids, presumably those of myelin. GLIA 36:321–329, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS): psychometric properties in French and German speaking populations
Authors: Mackinnon Andrew , Mulligan Reinhild 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the structure and measurement properties of the Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales (PAS) in a community sample, to study the performance of French and German translations of the PAS, and to determine the power of PAS scales to discriminate dementia and depression diagnosed to DSM‐IV criteria.Design and measuresThe measures were gathered as part of a large community survey. Responses to PAS items were obtained in the course of the administration of the ‘Canberra Interview for the Elderly’. Demographic variables, the mini‐mental state examination and measures of premorbid intelligence robust to current intellectual impairment were also gathered in the course of the survey.SettingA community survey in the cities of Zurich and Geneva, Switzerland.ParticipantsSubjects were residents of the two cities aged 65 years or older. There were 465 participants from Zurich and 456 from Geneva. Interviews with an informant who knew the subject well were also obtained. Subjects from Zurich were interviewed in German, subjects from Geneva in French.ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses of PAS scales showed close agreement between sites and with results obtained in the sample used to construct the instrument. Correlations with demographic and validating variables also showed this pattern. The PAS cognitive impairment and cognitive decline scales were shown to be good discriminators of DSM‐IV dementia while the depression scale discriminated DSM‐IV major depressive episode.ConclusionsThis study supports the PAS as a valid and reliable summary of the status of older persons with respect to the impairments, changes and symptomatology that lie at the core of dementing and depressive disorders. This study not only supports the results found in the original development sample, but demonstrates that it performs well against DSM‐IV diagnostic criteria and amongst speakers of French and German. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aromatherapy and behaviour disturbances in dementia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Smallwood Jonathan , Brown Rose , Coulter Fiona , Irvine Elizabeth , Copland Claire 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA random controlled trial of the relaxing effects of an aromatherapy massage on disordered behaviour in dementia was conducted. Twenty‐one patients were randomly allocated into one of three conditions, aromatherapy and massage (AM), conversation and aromatherapy (CA) and massage only (M). AM showed the greatest reduction in the frequency of excessive motor behaviour of all three conditions. This reached statistical significance between the hours of three and four pm (p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis suggested that at this time of day the AM consistently reduced motor behaviour when compared with CA (p = 0.05). This provides preliminary evidence of a measurable sedative effect of aromatherapy massage on dementia within a robust scientific paradigm. Further research is recommended with an expanded sample size. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cluster analysis of activity‐time series in motor learning
Authors: Balslev Daniela , Nielsen Finn Å. , Frutiger Sally A. , Sidtis John J. , Christiansen Torben B. , Svarer Claus , Strother Stephen C. , Rottenberg David A. , Hansen Lars K. , Paulson Olaf B. , Law I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeuroimaging studies of learning focus on brain areas where the activity changes as a function of time. To circumvent the difficult problem of model selection, we used a data‐driven analytic tool, cluster analysis, which extracts representative temporal and spatial patterns from the voxel‐time series. The optimal number of clusters was chosen using a cross‐validated likelihood method, which highlights the clustering pattern that generalizes best over the subjects. Data were acquired with PET at different time points during practice of a visuomotor task. The results from cluster analysis show practice‐related activity in a fronto‐parieto‐cerebellar network, in agreement with previous studies of motor learning. These voxels were separated from a group of voxels showing an unspecific time‐effect and another group of voxels, whose activation was an artifact from smoothing. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:135–145, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Encoding novel face‐name associations: A functional MRI study
Authors: Sperling Reisa A. , Bates Julianna F. , Cocchiarella Andrew J. , Schacter Daniel L. , Rosen Bruce R. , Albert Marilyn S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe process of forming new associations between previously unrelated items of information, such as a name and a face, likely requires the integration of activity within multiple brain regions. The hippocampus and related structures in the medial temporal lobe are thought to be particularly critical in binding together items of information. We studied eight healthy young subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the encoding of novel face‐name associations compared to viewing repeated face‐name pairs. A consistent pattern of activation was observed in the hippocampus, pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, fusiform and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices across individual subjects. The location of the activation within the hippocampus was more anterior than previously reported in studies using similar novel vs. repeated paradigms with stimuli that did not specifically require relational processing among unrelated items. These data suggest that the process of forming new face‐name associations is supported by a distributed network of brain regions, and provide additional evidence for the essential role of the hippocampus in associative memory processes. Hum. Brain Mapping 14:129–139, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparative study of the behavior of cyanothioformamide and oxazolidine (thiones or iminothiones) towards some binucleophiles
Authors: El‐Sharief A. M. Sh. , Ammar Y. A. , Mohamed Y. A. , El‐Gaby M. S. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReactions of cyanothioformamides (I) with o‐phenylenediamines, o‐aminophenol, and anthranilic acids furnished benzimidazole (II,III), benzoxazole (VII), and quinazoline (IX) derivatives, respectively. Oxazolidine (thiones or iminothiones) (IV) were reacted with the same binucleophiles to produce quinoxaline (V), benzimidazole (VI), and quinazoline (XI) derivatives. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:291–298, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10031
The reaction of organophosphorus reagents with substituted‐1,3‐diphenylpropanetrione: New synthesis of azaphospholene derivatives
Authors: Boulos L. S. , Arsanious M. H. N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reaction of 1,3‐diphenyl‐2‐(phenylimino)‐3‐(ylidenemethyl‐acetate)‐1‐propanone (5) with trisdialkylaminophosphines (6a,b) in refluxing toluene afforded the new oxazaphospholene products (7a–b). On the other hand, the cyclic azaphospholene adducts 8a–b were isolated from the reaction of 5 with 6a,b without solvent. Trialkyl phosphites 1b–c react with compound 5 to give the respective dialkyl phosphate products (9a,b). Moreover, trisdialkylaminophosphines (6a,b) react with 2a and 2b to give the dipolar adducts 10a,b and the phosphonate products 11a,b, respectively. Possible reaction mechanisms are considered, and the structural assignments are based on compatible analytical and spectroscopic results. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:511–517, 2001
Substituted 1,3,2,4‐benzodithiadiazines: Novel derivatives, by‐products, and intermediates*
Authors: Makarov Alexander Yu. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Gatilov Yuri V. , Mikhalina Tatiana V. , Shakirov Makhmut M. , Shchegoleva Lyudmila N. , Zibarev Andrey V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compounds 1 by 1:1 condensation of ArNSNSiMe3 2 with SCl2 followed by intramolecular ortho‐cyclization of each [ArNSNSCl] intermediate is complicated by further reaction of 1 with SCl2 to give Herz salts 3. With the 2:SCl2 ratio of 2:1, the formation of by‐products 3 is reduced and novel compounds 1 are accessible. With ortho‐I containing starting material 2j, the parent compound 1s is obtained as the result of an unexpected I, not H, substitution. The rate of the 1 + SCl2 reaction depends upon a substituent's position, and the minor 8‐R isomers 1l,p (R = Br, I) are isolated for the first time from mixtures with the major 6‐R isomers due to reduced reactivity toward SCl2. The synthesized compounds 1–3 are characterized by multinuclear (including nitrogen) NMR and X‐ray crystallography. According to the X‐ray diffraction data, 1j (6‐Br) and 1k (7‐Br) derivatives are planar, whereas 1i (5‐Br) and 1l (8‐Br) are bent along the S1···N4 line by ∼5° and ∼4°, respectively, and the 1r (7‐OCH3) derivative is planar in contrast to the known 5‐OCH3 isomer, which possesses a significantly folded heterocycle. The distortion of the planar geometry of some compounds 1 is interpreted in terms of a pseudo‐Jahn‐Teller effect as the result of π‐highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)  σ*‐(LUMO) lowest unoccupied molecular orbital + 1 mixing in a planar conformation. The 2p compound is the first structurally defined Ar–N = S = N–SiMe3 azathiene. The compound Ar–N = S = N–S–NH‐Ar 6 modeling the aforementioned intermediate has been isolated and structurally characterized. We describe the attempts to synthesize compounds 1 from 2‐aminobenzenethiols and (SN)4 and from salts 3 and Me3SiN3, and we discuss the reaction pathways. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:563–576, 2001
The synthesis of 2,6,7‐trioxa‐1,4‐diphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane revisited: the synthesis of 2,6,7‐triphenyl‐2N,6N,7N‐triaza‐1,4‐diphosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and the synthesis of 1λ5‐phosphiranol
Authors: Kisanga Philip , Verkade John 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe report herein a reliable synthesis of P(OCH2)3P in a study aimed at understanding the factors that control its formation. We also report the serendipitous synthesis of the novel phosphiranol (CH2)2PO2H and the synthesis of P(PhNCH2)3P in good yield. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:114–117, 2001
Positron emission tomography in the evaluation of stage III and IV head and neck cancer
Authors: Teknos Theodoros N. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Lee David , Taylor Rodney , Marn Charles S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundDetection of metastatic disease in head and neck cancer patients is critical to preoperative planning, because patients with distant metastasis will not benefit from surgical therapy. Conventional radiographic modalities, such as CT and MR, give excellent anatomic detail but poorly identify unenlarged lymph nodes harboring metastatic disease.ObjectiveA pilot study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) detection of metastatic disease in patients with advanced‐stage head and neck cancer.MethodsTotal body FDG‐PET imaging was performed in a prospective manner on 12 consecutive patients with a new diagnosis of stage III or IV mucosal squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Chest CT was also performed on all 12 patients. Patients found to have metastatic disease on either CT or PET imaging underwent procedures to obtain histopathologic confirmation of disease.ResultsThree patients (25%) had FDG‐PET scans demonstrating metastatic disease. Two of these patients had no evidence of disease on chest radiograph or chest CT but were noted to have positive FDG‐PET imaging within the mediastinal lymphatics. Mediastinoscopy was performed confirming metastatic disease in these patients. The third patient had a peripheral lung lesion detected on chest radiograph, CT, and FDG‐PET. This nodule was diagnosed by CT‐guided biopsy as squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionFDG‐PET scanning detected mediastinal disease in two patients (17%) with advanced‐stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that was not identified with conventional imaging techniques. PET imaging seems to have significant potential in the detection of occult metastatic disease, particularly in the mediastinal lymphatics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 1056–1060, 2001.
Preoperative risk assessment for gastrostomy tube placement in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Schweinfurth John M. , Boger Gregory N. , Feustel Paul J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe presentation and definitive surgical treatment of head and neck malignancies have varying impact on postoperative recovery and return of swallowing function, which heretofore has not been well defined.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of 142 patients who underwent extirpative surgery for head and neck cancer.ResultsFactors significantly associated with the need for long‐term postoperative nutritional support (p < .05) included heavy alcohol use, tongue base involvement and surgery, pharyngectomy, composite resection, reconstruction with a myocutaneous flap, radiation therapy, tumor size, and moderately‐to‐poorly differentiated histology. Heavy alcohol users were at an absolute risk for gastrostomy tube dependence; patients who underwent radiation therapy, flap reconstruction, tongue base resection, and pharyngectomy were at a two to sevenfold increased risk for gastrostomy tube dependence, respectively.ConclusionsHigh‐risk patients based on these criteria should receive a feeding gastrostomy at the time of their initial surgical therapy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 376–382, 2001.
Surgical treatment of early oral carcinoma—Results of a prospective controlled multicenter study
Authors: Wolfensberger Markus , Zbaeren Peter , Dulguerov Pavel , Müller Werner , Arnoux André , Schmid Stephan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurpose of the studyTo assess whether early stage (pT1–2,pN0–1) oral cavity carcinoma is adequately treated by radical surgical resection alone.Material and MethodsProspective multicenter study. Of 105 patients with cT1–2 cN0–1 oral carcinoma treated in conformity with the study design, 12 had to be excluded because of tumor‐positive margins or pN stage >N1. The remaining 93 patients were monitored for at least 2 years.ResultsSeventeen patients had local or regional recurrence develop. In 12 of the 17 patients locoregional control was achieved by second treatment. Overall, the 4‐year disease‐specific survival probability was 94%. Patients treated initially without selective neck dissection had significantly higher recurrence rates than those with neck dissection, although the survival probability was not adversely affected.ConclusionsEarly (pT1–2, pN0–1) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is adequately treated by surgery alone, provided the resection margins are tumor free. On the basis of the presented data, we would also advocate routine selective neck dissection. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 525–530, 2001.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic (Pindborg) tumor with malignant transformation and metastatic spread
Authors: Veness Michael J. , Morgan Gary , Collins Anne P. , Walker D. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPindborg tumors (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors) are uncommon neoplasms of odontogenic origin most often located in the posterior mandible. First described in detail in 1955 by Pindborg, these tumors are considered benign but can be locally aggressive in nature, with recurrence rates of 10% to 15% reported. The malignant form of this tumor is exceedingly rare.MethodsWe describe the case of a 64‐year‐old woman initially treated for a painful infected left mandibular third molar. The patient underwent extraction of the tooth and excision of an associated soft tissue component. Subsequent histologic review identified a Pindborg tumor of the left posterior mandible.ResultsAfter initial excision, this tumor recurred twice, with the recurrences exhibiting a progression to a malignant Pindborg tumor (odontogenic carcinoma) with vascular invasion and spread to a cervical lymph node. Further treatment involved radical surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. At last review 12 months after treatment, the patient was disease free.ConclusionsThis article describes only the second case of odontogenic carcinoma. The transformation from benign to malignant histologic findings has not previously been documented in this tumor. The salient clinical features of this case are presented along with supportive pathologic and radiologic evidence. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 692–696, 2001.