bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy of Hematologic Malignancy
Authors: Heslop Helen E. , Stevenson Freda K. , Molldrem Jeffrey J. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractOver the past few years, improved understanding of the molecular basis of interactions between antigen presenting cells and effector cells and advances in informatics have both led to the identification of many candidate antigens that are targets for immunotherapy. However, while immunotherapy has successfully eradicated relapsed hematologic malignancy after allogeneic transplant as well as virally induced tumors, limitations have been identified in extending immunotherapy to a wider range of hematologic malignancies. This review provides an overview of three immunotherapy strategies and how they may be improved.In Section I, Dr. Stevenson reviews the clinical experience with genetic vaccines delivered through naked DNA alone or viral vectors, which are showing promise in clinical trials in lymphoma and myeloma patients. She describes efforts to manipulate constructs genetically to enhance immunogenicity and to add additional elements to generate a more sustained immune response.In Section II, Dr. Molldrem describes clinical experience with peptide vaccines, with a particular focus on myeloid tissue-restricted proteins as GVL target antigens in CML and AML. Proteinase 3 and other azurophil granule proteins may be particularly good targets for both autologous and allogeneic T-cell responses. The potency of peptide vaccines may potentially be increased by genetically modifying peptides to enhance T-cell receptor affinity.Finally, in Section III, Dr. Heslop reviews clinical experience with adoptive immunotherapy with T cells. Transferred T cells have clinical benefit in treating relapsed malignancy post transplant, and Epstein-Barr virus associated tumors. However, T cells have been less successful in treating other hematologic malignancies due to inadequate persistence or expansion of adoptively transferred cells and the presence of tumor evasion mechanisms. An improved understanding of the interactions of antigen presenting cells with T cells should optimize efforts to manufacture effector T cells, while manipulation of lymphocyte homeostasis in vivo and development of gene therapy approaches may enhance the persistence and function of adoptively transferred T cells.
Consultations on Patients with Venous or Arterial Diseases
Authors: Alving Barbara M. , Francis Charles W. , Hiatt William R. , Jackson Mark R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Advances in vascular biology and drug development, as well as improved interventional techniques, are yielding multiple new treatments for patients with venous and/or arterial thrombosis. Hematologists who are providing consultations for these patients often participate in a multidisciplinary approach to provide optimal care. New anticoagulants, simplified and validated tests for detecting vascular disease, and improved interventional procedures can all reduce the morbidity and mortality that result from venous and arterial thrombosis. In this chapter, different aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are addressed by a hematologist, an expert in vascular medicine, and a vascular surgeon.
The key to the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis is anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy. In Section I, Dr. Charles Francis, a hematologist with expertise in thrombosis and hemostasis, describes the clinical trials that have resulted in the approval of newer anticoagulants such as fondaparinux and the thrombin- specific inhibitors. He also reviews the clinical trials that have shown the efficacy of the new oral anticoagulant ximelagatran. Although currently under study primarily for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, these anticoagulants are likely to undergo evaluation for use in arterial thrombosis.
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which affects as many as 12% of individuals over the age of 65 years, provides a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to physicians across multiple subspecialties. Dr. William Hiatt, a specialist in vascular medicine, discusses in Section II the epidemiology and manifestations of PAD, the best ways in which to diagnose this disorder and determine its severity, and the most appropriate pharmacologic treatment.
In Section III, Dr. Mark Jackson, a vascular surgeon, describes interventional procedures that have been developed or are under development to treat arterial thrombosis. He also reviews the status of inferior vena caval filters that are retrievable.
Congenital Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Rick Margaret E. , Walsh Christopher E. , Key Nigel S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Both clinical and basic problems related to the congenital bleeding disorders continue to confront hematologists. On the forefront are efforts to bring genetic correction of the more common bleeding disorders such as hemophilia A to the clinic in a safe and accessible manner. A second issue, particularly for patients with hemophilia, is the development of inhibitors—questions of how they arise and how to prevent and treat these problems that confound otherwise very successful replacement therapy and allow patients to maintain normal lifestyles. A third issue is the continuing question of diagnosis and management of von Willebrand disease, the most common congenital bleeding disorder, especially in individuals who have borderline laboratory values, but have a history of clinical bleeding.
In Section I, Dr. Christopher Walsh discusses general principles of effective gene transfer for the hemophilias, specific information about viral vectors and non-viral gene transfer, and alternative target tissues for factor VIII and factor IX production. He highlights information about the immune response to gene transfer and reviews data from the hemophilia gene transfer trials to date. The future prospects for newer methods of therapy such as RNA repair and the use of gene-modified circulating endothelial progenitors are presented as possible alternatives to the more traditional gene therapy approaches.
In Section II, Dr. Nigel Key focuses on inhibitor development in patients with hemophilia A. He reviews the progress in our understanding of the risk factors and presents newer information about the immunobiology of inhibitor development. He discusses the natural history of these inhibitors and the screening, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment, including the use of different modalities for the treatment of acute bleeding episodes. Dr. Key also presents information about the eradication of inhibitors by immune tolerance induction and reviews recent information from the international registries regarding the status and success of immune tolerance induction.
In Section III, Dr. Margaret Rick discusses the diagnosis, classification, and management of von Willebrand disease. Attention is given to the difficulty of diagnosis in patients with mild bleeding histories and borderline laboratory test results for von Willebrand factor. She presents the value of different laboratory assays for both diagnosis and classification, and she relates the classification of von Willebrand disease to the choice of treatment and to the known genetic mutations. Practical issues of diagnosis and treatment, including clinical cases, will be presented.
New CFSE-based assay to determine susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T cells of leukemic precursor cells within a heterogeneous target cell population
Authors: Jedema Inge , van der Werff Nicole M. , Barge Renée M. Y. , Willemze Roel , Falkenburg J. H. Frederik 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
For the clinical evaluation of the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy it is necessary to analyze the effector functions of T cells against primary leukemic target cell populations which are usually considerably heterogeneous caused by differential maturation stages of the leukemic cells. An appropriate assay should not only allow the quantitative analysis of rapid cell death induction as measured by the conventional 51Cr release assay but also of the more slowly executing pathways of T-cell-induced apoptosis occurring within days instead of hours which cannot be measured using this method. Furthermore, it should dissect the differential susceptibility to T-cell-induced cell death of various target cell subpopulations and characterize the malignant precursor cells capable of producing malignant progeny. To fulfill these requirements we developed a new assay based on carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling of the target cell population combined with antibody staining of specific cell populations and addition of fluorescent microbeads to quantitatively monitor target cell death occurring within a longer time frame up to at least 5 days. This new assay facilitates the analysis of differential recognition of distinct cell types within a heterogeneous target cell population and allows simultaneously evaluation of the proliferative status of surviving target cells in response to relevant cytokines. (Blood. 2004;103: 2677-2682)
Coward or braveheart: extreme habitat fidelity through hypoxia tolerance in a coral-dwelling goby
Authors: Nilsson Göran E. , Hobbs Jean-Paul , Munday Philip L. , Östlund-Nilsson Sara 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARY
Coral reef fishes are not known for their hypoxia tolerance. The coral-dwelling goby, Gobiodon histrio, rarely leaves the shelter of its host coral colony. However, our measurements indicate that this habitat could become hypoxic on calm nights ([O2] minima=2–30% of air saturation) due to respiration by the coral and associated organisms. Moreover, at very low tides, the whole coral colony can be completely air exposed. Using closed respirometry in water, we found that G. histriomaintains O2 uptake down to 18% of air saturation, and that it can tolerate at least 2 h at even lower O2 levels. Furthermore, during air exposure, which was tolerated for more than 3 h, it upheld a rate of O2 consumption that was 60% of that in water. The hypoxia tolerance and air breathing abilities enables this fish to stay in the safety of its coral home even when exposed to severe hypoxia or air. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hypoxia tolerance in a teleost fish intimately associated with coral reefs.
Body temperature and locomotor capacity in a heterothermic rodent
Authors: Wooden K. Mark , Walsberg Glenn E. 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARYWe quantify the locomotor capacity of the round-tailed ground squirrel(Spermophilus tereticaudus), a mammal that can lower energetic costs by relaxing thermoregulatory limits without becoming inactive. We measured maximum sprint speed, maximum limb cycling frequency and maximum force production in animals at body temperatures ranging from 31°C to 41°C. We found no thermal dependence in any of these parameters of locomotion. Results (means ± s.e.m.) across this range of body temperatures were: sprint speed = 4.73±0.04 m s-1, limb cycling frequency = 19.4±0.1 Hz and maximum force production =0.012±0.0003 N g-1. The neuro-muscular system of this species may thus be less thermally dependent at these temperatures than that of other mammals, allowing for the maintenance of whole-animal performance across a broader range of body temperatures. The absence of any significant loss of locomotor capabilities associated with either a decrease of 7-8°C or a rise of 3-4°C in body temperature from typical mammalian values raises significant questions regarding our understanding of the evolution and physiology of the mammalian mode of thermoregulation.
Visual learning in individually assayedDrosophilalarvae
Authors: Gerber B. , Scherer S. , Neuser K. , Michels B. , Hendel T. , Stocker R. F. , Heisenberg M. 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARYAn understanding of associative learning is facilitated if it can be analyzed in a simple animal like the fruit fly Drosophila. Here, we introduce the first visual associative learning paradigm for larval Drosophila; this is remarkable as larvae have an order of magnitude fewer neurons than adult flies. Larvae were subjected to either of two reciprocal training regimes: Light+/Dark- or Light-/Dark+. Subsequently, all larvae were individually tested for their preference between Light versus Dark. The difference between training regimes was therefore exclusively which visual situation was associated with which reinforcer;differences observed during the test thus reflected exclusively associative learning. For positive reinforcement (+) we used fructose (FRU), and for negative reinforcement (-) either quinine or sodium chloride (QUI, NaCl). Under these conditions, associative learning could be reproducibly observed in both wild-type strains tested. We then compared the effectiveness of training using differential conditioning, with both positive and negative reinforcement, to that using only positive or only negative reinforcement. We found that FRU only, but neither QUI nor NaCl, was in itself effective as a reinforcer. This is the first demonstration of appetitive learning in larval Drosophila. It is now possible to investigate the behavioral and neuronal organization of appetitive visual learning in this simple and genetically easy-to-manipulate experimental system.
Insect oviposition induces volatile emission in herbaceous plants that attracts egg parasitoids
Authors: Colazza Stefano , Fucarino Alessandro , Peri Ezio , Salerno Gianandrea , Conti Eric , Bin Ferdinando 
Published: November 2003

SUMMARYThe egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis (Wollaston) (Hymenoptera:Scelionidae) responded to synomones emitted by leguminous plants induced by feeding and oviposition activity of the bug Nezara viridula (L.)(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This was shown by laboratory bioassays using a Y-tube olfactometer. Broad bean leaves (Vicia faba L.) damaged by feeding activity of N. viridula and on which host egg mass had been laid produced synomones that attracted T. basalis. By contrast,undamaged leaves or feeding-damaged leaves without eggs did not attract wasp females. French bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) also emitted attractive synomones when they were damaged by host feeding and carrying egg masses. Thus, release of feeding- and oviposition-induced synomones does not seem to be plant-specific. Synomone production was shown to be a systemically induced plant physiological response to feeding damage and oviposition. Also,parts of the plant that were left undamaged and did not carry host eggs emitted attractive synomones when other parts of the plant were damaged by feeding and carrying eggs. Furthermore, wasps were not attracted by N. viridula egg masses offered alone or combined with damaged broad bean leaves. Thus, the attractiveness of feeding-damaged leaves carrying eggs is due to induction by feeding and oviposition rather than due to a combined effect of attractive volatiles released from eggs and damaged leaves. The production of synomones was influenced by the age of the host egg mass,because feeding-damaged leaves bearing egg masses attracted the parasitoid until the eggs were ∼72-96 h old but not once the larvae had hatched from the eggs (∼120 h old). These results show that annual plants are able to produce synomones as a consequence of feeding and egg mass oviposition by a sucking insect.
Ein effizienter Algorithmus für die nichtlineare prädiktive Regelung großer Systeme Teil II: Experimentelle Erprobung an einer Destillationskolonne (An Efficient Algorithm for Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Large-Scale Systems Part II: Experimental Evaluation for a Distillation Column)
Authors: Diehl M. , Findeisen R. , Schwarzkopf S. , Uslu I. , Allgöwer F. , Bock H. G. , Gilles Ernst-Dieter , Schlöder J. P. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Im ersten Teil der vorliegenden Arbeit, der in der letzten Ausgabe at 12(2002) erschienen ist, wurde ein effizientes Verfahren für die Echtzeit-Optimierung in der nichtlinearen prädiktiven Regelung (NMPC) vorgestellt, das sogenannte Echtzeit-Iterations-Schema. Im vorliegenden zweiten Teil wird anhand der Regelung einer Destillationskolonne im Pilotanlagenmaßstab experimentell die Effizienz des vorgestellten Verfahrens bestätigt. In den Experimenten wird die Kolonne zur hochreinen Trennung eines binären Gemisches aus Methanol und n-Propanol verwendet. Das zur Regelung verwendete differentiell-algebraische Systemmodell ist steif und besitzt mehr als 200 Systemzustände. Trotz der hohen Systemordnung ist der Algorithmus in der Lage, auf einem Standard PC alle 20 Sekunden neuoptimierte Steuergrößen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Selbst für sehr große Störungen zeigt der geschlossene Kreis gutes Regelungsverhalten und erfüllt die geforderten Beschränkungen, wobei der notwendige Aufwand zur Einstellung der Reglerparameter minimal ist. Die präsentierten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die nichtlineare prädiktive Regelung bei Verwendung des vorgestellten Verfahrens auch für große Systeme einsetzbar ist und zu guten Regelungsergebnissen führt.
Mobile haptische Schnittstellen für weiträumige Telepräsenz: Idee und Methodik (Mobile Haptic Interfaces for Extended Area Telepresence: Idea and Methodology)
Authors: Nitzsche N. , Hanebeck U. D. , Schmidt Günther 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Telepräsenzsystemen zur Interaktion mit weiträumigen realen oder virtuellen Zielumgebungen. Die dafür notwendige Fortbewegung wird durch freie, gehende Fortbewegung des Anwenders erreicht. Um gleichzeitig haptische Interaktion mit einer Zielumgebung zu ermöglichen, wird die haptische Schnittstelle mit dem Anwender mitgeführt. Neuartig ist dabei der Einsatz einer mobilen haptischen Schnittstelle, die der Fortbewegung des Anwenders aktiv folgt. Basierend auf den dargestellten Methoden wurde ein prototypisches Telepräsenzsystem zur haptischen Exploration von ausgedehnten virtuellen Umgebungen entwickelt und getestet.
Site-Covering - Eine Alternative zur Blickregistrierung? (Site-Covering – A Substitute to Eyetracking?)
Authors: Wilhelm Thorsten , Yom Miriam , Beger Dorit 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Artikel stellt eine neue Methode zur Erfassung der Informationsaufnahme und des Entscheidungsverhaltens auf Webseiten, das sog. Site-Covering, vor. Die Vorteile dieser Methode sind niedrige Kosten im Vergleich zu klassischen Verfahren der Blickregistrierung, die Möglichkeit zum Einsatz auch außerhalb des Labors und ein Zeitgewinn durch eine computergestützte Auswertung.Um die Zuverlässigkeit, Objektivität und Validität dieser Methode zu belegen, wurden die Daten der Site-Covering-Methode mit Blickregistrierungsdaten in einem Methodentest verglichen. Die Ergebnisse dieses Tests werden im Rahmen dieses Artikels vorgestellt.
Entwurf einer kollaborativen Augmented-Reality-Anwendung für industrielles Training (Designing a Vision-based Collaborative Augmented Reality Application for Industrial Training)
Authors: Zhong X. , Liu P. , Georganas N. D. , Boulanger P. 
Published: November 2003

Zusammenfassung
Augmented Reality (AR) stellt eine Variante der Virtuellen Realität dar. Mit AR-Techniken und innovativen Ausgabegeräten werden Benutzer in die Lage versetzt, rechnergenerierte virtuelle Objekte als eine Überlagerung der realen Umgebung wahrzunehmen. Die Benutzer solcher Systeme können mit der wahrgenommenen virtuellen Welt in Interaktion treten und mit zusätzlichen Informationen versorgt werden, wie etwa mit der textuellen Beschreibung physischer Objekte oder Anweisungen für durchzuführende Aufgaben in Form von Annotationen, Sprachinstruktionen, Bildern oder sogar 3D-Modellen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine auf AR-Techniken beruhendes prototypisches System für das kollaborative Teletraining im industriellen Umfeld beschrieben. Durch die Anwendung verteilter AR-Techniken können auch Benutzer an entfernten Standorten das vom lokalen Benutzer Wahrgenommene sehen und so die gestellte Trainingsaufgabe kooperativ lösen. Die Benutzer können interaktiv virtuelle Objekte, die einen Ersatz für reale Objekte darstellen, manipulieren, mit ihnen experimentieren und die Trainingsaufgabe gemeinsam diskutieren. Es wird eine neue Technik für die Identifikation realer Objekte und die Bestimmung ihrer Koordinatensysteme vorgestellt. Die vorgeschlagene Methode nutzt sogenannte "Binary Square Marker", die angebracht an realen Objekten die technische Voraussetzung für die Identifikation einer großen Anzahl realer Objekte mittels Techniken der Bilderkennung darstellen.
Harmonic and anharmonic thermal vibrations in cubic ZnSe
Authors: Davaasambuu J. , Daniel A. , Stahn J. , Pietsch U. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The parameters of the interatomic one-particle potentials of cubic ZnSe were determined experimentally unsing X-ray diffraction methods. The harmonic force constants α of zinc and selenium were obtained from the temperature dependence of mean square displacements evaluated from the intergrated intensities of selected reflections between 50 K and 300 K at a wavelength of λ = 0.806 Å. Least squares analysis of the experimental data yields the room temperature mean square displacements 〈u
2
Zn〉 = 0.0129(10)Å2 and 〈u2
Se〉 = 0.0115(10)Å2 i.e. harmonic force constants α
Zn = 3.21(1) · 10-19 J Å-2 and α
Se = 3.60(1) · 10-19 J Å-2, respectively. The third order anharmonicity constant β was determined exploiting the energy dependence of the Bijvoet ratio between the reflections 666 and 6̅6̅6̅ near the K-absorption edge of Se. It amounts to β
Zn = 1.48(15) · 10-19 J Å-3 assuming β
Zn = -β
Se. The coefficients of the one-particle potentials of the series Ge, GaAs and ZnSe α and β decreases with rising ionicity.
New phases in the Na3PO4-Mg3(PO4)2 binary quenched from 1000 °C
Authors: Gozel G. , Thompson J. G. , Melnitchenko A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
A reinvestigation of the Na3PO4-Mg3(PO4)2 binary at 1000 °C has identified two new ternary oxide phases and confirmed the existence of an orthorhombic solid solution phase in the vicinity of NaMg4(PO4)3. Cubic γ-Na3PO4 shows a solid solution up to ~20 mol. % Mg3(PO4)2. Between ~24 and ~29 mol. % a new γ-Na3PO4-related rhombohedral superstructure phase is observed. At ~44 mol. % Mg3(PO4)2 a new phase with a cristobalite-related structure is observed, which on cooling rapidly to room-temperature transforms to KGaO2-type (Pbca:
a = 10.409(2) Å, b = 14.492(2) Å, c = 5.211(1) Å). The NaMg4(PO4)3 solid-solution phase extends between ~72 and 80 mol. % Mg3(PO4)2. Surprisingly, and contrary to previous investigations, there is no phase at 50 mol. %, i.e. with stoichiometry NaMgPO4. All high-temperature annealing was performed in sealed Pt tubes to prevent loss of components to the atmosphere, which is suspected as the reason for the quite different results reported by some previous workers.
Oxidation of Nicotinate Ion by Heptavalent Manganese: a Kinetic and Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Bilehal D. C. , Kulkarni R. M. , Nandibewoor S. T. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract
The kinetics of oxidation of nicotinate ion by permanganate in alkaline medium at a constant ionic strength has been studied spectrophotometrically. The reaction between permanganate and nicotinate ion in alkaline medium exhibits 2 : 1 stoichiometry KMnO4 : Nicotinate ion). The reaction shows first order dependence of rate on permanganate concentration and less than unit order dependence each in nicotinate ion and alkali concentrations. Reaction rate increases with increase in ionic strength and decrease in solvent polarity of the medium. Initial addition of reaction products did not affect the rate significantly. A mechanism involving the formation of an intermediate complex between oxidant and substrate has been proposed. The rate and the activation parameters for the slow step have been evaluated.