bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cognitive Bases For Framing Effects
Authors: Cappella Joseph N , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How Audiences process news cognitively is central to understanding the effects of news content and news frames. In this chapter we offer an account of the psychology of the audience to set the groundwork for our studies of the effects of news frames on learning, cynicism, and understanding. Our discussion focuses specifically on the strategy frame and how it might interact with the audience’s knowledge and normal cognitive functions.
News frames make salient certain features of a news event and depress others. What is salient in a story primes mental associations in the receiver and, through a process of spreading activation in the knowledge system, stimulates other, related concepts as well. Strategic frames invite negative attributions about political actors because the stories suggest that politicians are motivated by self-interest. These attributions may be automatic in the sense of being effortless and, after repeated application, may become the accepted narrative account organizing thinking about a politician or politicians in general.
Breaking The Spiral of Cynicism
Authors: Cappella Joseph N , Jamieson Kathleen Hall 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Political Events, like all social events, are the objects of interpretation by the press, the public, and the public through journalistic frameworks of presentation. Our studies are premised on the assumption that understanding the impact of social and political events requires understanding how the events are framed for the public in the stories the press tells. Framing is a kind of sense-making that creates one interpretation of political events while ignoring others.
That framing is done by the press, by the public, and by the public through the press is a widely shared assumption. Murray Edelman describes the framing process this way:
Interpretation pervades every phase of news creation and dissemination. Officials, interest groups, and critics anticipate the interpretations of particular audiences, shaping their acts and language so as to elicit a desired response. The audiences for news are ultimate interpreters, paying attention to some news stories, ignoring most, and fitting news accounts into a story plot that reflects their respective values. For any audience, then, an account is an interpretation of an interpretation.
Charles Baudelaire: Portrait of the Poet as Anti-Writer
Authors: Porter Dennis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Charles Baudelaire is a case apart in the context of this exploration of a legacy that, whether reaffirmed or contested, was of the greatest significance for French culture for over two hundred years. Baudelaire is the only poet on whom I focus. From the point of view of early- to mid-nineteenth century French literary history, Rousseau has a great many obvious heirs, including the authors of the first-person, confessional romans personnels, such as Etienne Pivert de Senancour or Frani;ois-Rene de Chateaubriand, or poets such as Alphonse de Lamartine, Alfred de Musset, and Victor Hugo himself. Yet with the partial exception of the latter, none of them is “a writer” in the full sense I am giving the word here-although Hugo was the first to make a programmatic identification of the revolutionary tradition in politics with romanticism in literature, and later in his life he never ceased fulminating against the imperial regime of Louis-Napoleon from his place of exile on the Channel Islands.
Why Should Jews Survive?
Authors: Goldberg Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the fifty years since the Holocaust, the Jewish People have felt one overriding concern: survival. The ghosts of the murdered six million, along with the living generation of survivors, have called out the unifying chant, “never again.” In 1948, this concern found a second focus in the state of Israel, the ultimate refuge of Jews worldwide. But Rabbi Michael Goldberg finds that these twin pillars of Jewish identity are brittle, and have already begun to crumble; they will not be enough to support or sustain the next generation. The time has come to answer the question: Why should Jews survive? In this provocative book, Goldberg launches a bold attack on what he calls the “Holocaust cult,” challenging Jews to return to a deeper, richer sense of purpose. He argues that this cult--with shrines like the U.S. Holocaust Museum, high priests such as Elie Wiesel, and rites like UJA death camp pilgrimages--is deeply destructive of Jewish identity. As the current “master story” of Judaism, Goldberg writes, the Holocaust has been used to depict Jews as uniquely victimized in human history--transforming them from God’s chosen to those who manage to survive despite God’s silent complicity in their persecution. This Holocaust-centered, survival-for-survival’s-sake Judaism is already showing its emptiness, Goldberg contends; the generation that survived Hitler and founded Israel is dying, and the new generation seems adrift (for instance, one recent survey predicts that 70% of American Jewish marriages will be intermarriages by the turn of the century). Jews need positive reasons for remaining Jewish, he argues; they need to return to the Exodus as their master story--the story of God leading the Jews out of slavery and making with them an eternal covenant that gave the Jews a unique place in God’s plan. The Jews should survive, Goldberg concludes, because they are the linchpin in God’s redemption of the world. Rabbi Michael Goldberg has long wrestled with the crisis of identity facing today’s Jewish community. In Why Should Jews Survive?, he provides a provocative and powerfully argued challenge to the dominant theme of modern Jewish thought.
Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More than a generation has passed since the Supreme Court first ruled in 1973 in Roe v. Wade that a woman has a constitutional right to an abortion During this time, the abortion issue has become “one of the most hotly debated issues” in the country, and the exercise of abortion rights has become progressively limited. Though the Supreme Court has firmly upheld in principle a woman’s right to an abortion, it has just as firmly undermined a woman’s ability to exercise that right, by ruling that there is no constitutional obligation for the state to fund abortions for women who cannot afford them, to make facilities or personnel available for the performance of abortions, or even to provide information about abortions as an option in family planning.
Immaculate Pregnancy
Authors: McDonagh Eileen L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Roe v. Wade the Supreme Court in its majority opinion noted the American Bar Association’s definition of abortion as the “termination of human pregnancy with an intention other than to produce a live birth or to remove a dead fetus:’ In the years since Roe, it has been common to focus on the last part of this definition, which concerns the fetus. Debate has centred on whether the foetus is a person and the extent to which its personhood affects the right of a woman to remove it “with an intention other than to produce a live birth:’ Insufficient attention has been paid to the first part of this definition, which refers to the condition of pregnancy that abortion terminates. Despite the many cases in which the Court has considered the abortion issue, it has yet to evaluate pregnancy in a formal, systematic, or complete way from either a medical or a legal perspective.
Introduction
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We have three main sources for our knowledge of Aquinas’s life. The first is the text of his canonization process (Naples 1319). Then there are two early biographies. One is by William Tocco, who knew Aquinas personally. The other is by Bernard Gui, whose account depends partly on that of Tocco, but may also incorporate independent and reliable information. Putting these documents together allows us to form a generally credible outline of Aquinas’s career. But they also leave us with many unanswered, and probably unanswerable, questions. Hence we find that the three most recent biographies of Aquinas differ significantly on a number of issues. They do so, for example, even when it comes to the year of Aquinas’s birth, which can arguably be placed anywhere from 1224 to 1226.
De malo
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de malo. Et primo queritur an malum sit aliquid. Et videtur quod sic. Omne enim creatum aliquid est. Set malum est aliquid creatum, secundum illud Ys. XLV “Ego Dominus faciens pacem et creans malum.“ Ergo malum est aliquid.
De peccatis
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de peccatis. Et primo queritur utrum in quolibet peccato sit aliquis actus. Etuidetur quod sic. Dicit enim Augustinus quod “peccatum est dictum uel factum uel concupitum contra legem Dei.” Set in quolibet illorum trium importatur aliquis actus. Ergo in quolibet peccato est aliquis actus.
De peccato originali
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de peccato originali. Et primo queritur utrum aliquod peccatum ex origine contrahatur. Et uidetur quod non. Dicitur enim Eccli. XV “Ante hominem uita et mors, bonum et malum: quodcumque uoluerit dabitur ei,” ex quo potest accipi quod peccatum, quod est spiritualis mors anime, in uoluntate consistit. Set nichil quod homo contrahit ex origine sua consistit in eius uoluntate. Ergo nullum peccatum contrahit homo ex sua origine.
De inuidia
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de inani gloria. Et primo queritur utrum inanis gloria sit peccatum. Et uidetur quod non. Consistit enim inanis gloria &lt;in&gt; eo quod aliquis uelit bona sua aliis apparere. Set hoc non est peccatum, set laudabile. Dicitur enim Mat. V “Sic luceat lux uestra coram hominibus ut uideant opera uestra bona”. Ergo inanis gloria non est peccatum.
De accidia
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de accidia. Et primo queritur utrum accidia sit peccatum. Et uidetur quod non. Virtus enim et peccatum cum sint contraria sunt in eodem genere. Set uirtus est in genere amoris: dicit enim Augustinus in libro De moribus Ecclesie et XV De ciuitate Dei quod uirtus est ordo amoris. Cum ergo accidia non sit in genere amoris set magis sit tristitia quedam ut Damascenus dicit, uidetur quod accidia non sit peccatum.
De auaritia
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de auaritia. Et primo queritur utrum sit uitium speciale. Et uidetur quod non. Omne enim uitium speciale habet materiam specialem, quia semper in moralibus species determinantur secundum obiecta. Set auaritia non habet materiam specialem set generalem: dicit enim Augustinus in III De libero arbitrio “Auaritia que grece philargiria dicitur non in solo argento uel nummis set in omnibus rebus que immoderate cupiuntur intelligenda est ubicumque omnino plus uult quisquam quam satis est”. Ergo auaritia non est speciale peccatum.
De luxuria
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de luxuria. Et primo queritur utrum omnis actus luxurie sit peccatum. Et uidetur quod non. Fornicatio enim est actus luxurie Set ipsa connumeratur quibusdam que non sunt peccata secundum se &lt;set&gt; licita: dicitur enim Act. XV “Visum est Spiritui Sancto et nobis nichil ultra imponere honeris uobis quam hec necessaria, ut abstineatis uos ab immolatis simulacrorum et sanguine &lt;et&gt; suffocato et fornicatione”. Set nullus cibi esus secundum se est peccatum, secundum illud I Tim. IV “Nichil reiciendum quod &lt;cum&gt; gratiarum actione percipitur”. Ergo neque fornicatio est peccatum, et ita non omnis actus luxurie est peccatum.
De demonibus
Authors:   Regan
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Questio est de demonibus. Et primo queritur utrum demones habeant corpora naturaliter sibi unita. Et uidetur quod sic. Dicit enim Augustinus XI Super Genesim ad litteram “In spiritu rationalis creature bonum est hoc ipsum quod uiuit et uiuificat corpus, siue aereum sicut ipsius diaboli uel demonum spiritus, siue terrenum sicut hominis anima.” Set corpus quod uiuificatur est naturaliter unitum spiritui uiuificanti, quia uita est quiddam naturale. Ergo demones habent corpora aerea naturaliter sibi unita.
Human Nature (Jen-hsing) and the Ethics of Perfectibility
Authors: Ching Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is the human being, and wherein lies his or her worth? This question has been asked—by humans—probably as long as humans have existed. Human beings have always been fascinated with themselves, with their limitations as well as their potentiality for greatness. They have been fascinated with this question also because it can never be fully answered. And yet, one must keep on asking and, in so doing, reveal one’s humanity—that which differentiates the human from the rest of nature.
The Primeval Age
Authors: Hiebert Theodore 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Yahwist’s epic begins with three of the most familiar stories in Western literature: Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden; Cain’s murder of his brother Abel; and Noah’s ark, in which Noah’s family and all species of animals survived the great flood. These stories are actually the primary episodes in a more detailed account of the first era of world history, a primeval age cut off from subsequent history by a catastrophic flood. This primeval age is above all an age of origins, in which the basic features of the world of nature and of human society come into existence.
X Marks The Plots: A Critical Reading Of Malcolm’s Readers
Authors: Dyson Michael Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I think all of us should be critics of each other. When-ever you can’t stand criticism you can never grow. I don’t think that it serves any purpose for the leaders of our people to waste their time fighting each other needlessly. I think that we accomplish more when we sit down in private and iron out whatever differences that may exist and try and then do something constructive for the benefit of our people. But on the other hand, I don’t think that we should be above criticism. I don’t think that anyone should be above criticism. Malcolm X, in Malcolm X: The Last Speeches
Malcolm X And The Resurgence Of Black Nationalism
Authors: Dyson Michael Eric 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
And in my opinion the young generation of whites, blacks, browns, whatever else there is, you’re living at a time of extremism, a time of revolution, a time when there’s got to be a change. People in power have misused it, and now there has to be a change and a better world has to be built, and the only way it’s going to be built is with extreme methods. I for one will join in with anyone, I don’t care what color you are, as long as you want to change this miserable condition that exists on this earth.
Veiled Ladies: Toward a History of Antebellum Entertainment
Authors: Brodhead Richard H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When she is not at Blithedale, the Priscilla of Hawthorne’s The Blithedale Romance has a career. She makes public appearances as the Veiled Lady: clothed in a silvery white veil, which purportedly insulates her from terrestrial reality, she goes onstage as a human conduit to occult knowledge, giving sibylline answers to the questions her audience puts. Hawthorne, we know, felt final dissatisfaction with this figure of his creation. When Blitlzedale was finished but unnamed he considered “The Veiled Lady” as a possible title for the book but ruled that “I do not wish to give prominence to that feature of the Romance.”1 But would he or no, prominence is just what Blithedale gives the Veiled Lady. The book begins with Miles Coverdale “returning to my bachelor-apartments” from “the wonderful exhibition of the Veiled Lady” (5). Its plot machinations-unusually intricate for a Hawthorne novel-all tum on moves to rescue Priscilla from or to re-imprison her in her onstage role. And if any figure in Blithedale might be said to be figurally belabored, it is the Veiled Lady, this book’s prime site of symbolic overdevelopment. The question I want to put in this essay is what, historically, is on Hawthorne’s mind when he writes Blithedale in 1851-52, and by extension, what cultural situation a novelist would have had to address at this moment of American literary history. If I begin with the Veiled Lady, it is on the assumption that she embodies answers to questions of this sort.
Pictographs as Autobiography: Plains Indian Sketchbooks of the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Wong Hertha D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When scholars talk about Native American autobiography the assumption is that they mean the• ethnographer-collected life histories of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Because autobiography has been considered a distinctly Western impulse emphasizing individuality and has been defined as the story of one’s life written by oneself, precontact personal narratives spoken, performed, and painted by more communally oriented indigenous peoples have generally been overlooked. Thoughtful critics like Arnold Krupat insist that “Indian autobiography has no prior model in the collective practice of tribal cultures” (31). But long before Anglo ethnographers came along, Native Americans were telling, performing, and painting their personal histories. One potential preliterate model of autobiography, at least among Plains Indian males, is the pictographic personal narrative. The symbolic language of pictographs allowed preliterate Plains Indians to “read” about each other from painted robes, tipis, and shields. According to Helen H. Blish, pictographic hides were a “widely practiced” form of artistic personal history. Such “personal records” were “quite common ... among the Plains Indians,” and, says Blish, “these are the most frequently found pictographic records” (21).’
Early Histories of American Literature: A Chapter in the Institution of New England
Authors: Baym Nina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When, in the second decade of the twentieth century, academics defined a field of study called “American literature,” they did so by appropriating and sophisticating a narrative already constructed in the plethora of American literary history textbooks that had been published between 1882 and 1912. Putnam; Houghton Mifflin; Ginn; American Book Company; Silver, Burdett; Macmillan; Henry Holt; A. C. McClurg; Scribner’s; Harper; D. C. Heath; D. Appleton-these and other publishers commissioned American literary histories for high school and college use, and had them frequently revised and updated.1 By situating select works and authors-above all authors-in a narrative, these textbooks attempted to configure American literature to serve the aims of American public education: forming character and ensuring patriotism.2 As one of them put it, American literature “is valuable to the young student and future citizen of the Republic just in proportion as it seems to mirror our American ideals and as it shall have a tendency to build up the reader into a worthy citizenship” (Burton v). The histories were written for the most part by professors of New England origin employed at elite colleges; they cribbed from each other routinely and meshed with an array of handbooks, anthologies, memoirs, and biographies (many put together by the same professors) to create the tendentious narrative that launched the academic field and continues to influence it. Constructing history in a shape to further the purpose of schooling, the textbook writers made literary works and authors display the virtues and achievements of an Anglo-Saxon United States founded by New England Puritans. The histories were expressly derived from national history as it had been iterated throughout the nineteenth century in a variety of forms, chiefly in connection with the Whig political project.3 The story that they told, simply put, is this: in the face of numerous obstacles, a bona fide literary culture had developed in America before
Beyond Transcendence or Beyond Ideology: The New Problematics of Cultural Criticism in America
Authors: Gunn Giles 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If one were looking for a way to describe contemporary American literary and cultural studies, one could scarcely do better than associate it not, as in Daniel Bell’s phrase, with the “end of ideology,” but rather with its rebirth. By this I mean that almost everywhere in humanistic scholarship these days, one finds people exploring cultural mind-sets that are presumed to define the conceptual and emotional frames within which readers like writers, historical actors like historical interpreters, determine what constitutes meaning. Nor is this analysis of ideology the preoccupation of any particular school of interpretation or specialty alone. Concern with ideology is no more exclusively the preserve of neo-Marxists than of Derrideans, of Renaissance scholars or of gender critics. Instead it serves to focus the work of most contemporary thinkers who seek to relate the products of individual consciousness to more collective forms of mentality and to the systems of power that determine their significance. Contemporary interest in ideology has not, however, developed without certain problems of its own. One of them, though comparatively minor, is related to slippage in the term itself. In current American scholarship, for example, ideology refers to everything from ideas in the service of power to complex semiotic systems that, as Clifford Geertz has proposed, map the political world, simultaneously demarcating its boundaries and furnishing directions about how to move around within it.
The Borderlands of Culture: America Paredes’s George Washington Gomez and Chicano Literature at the End of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Saldivar Ramón 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Caribbean revolutionary, writer, and theoretician C. L. R. James once noted that “[o]ver a hundred years ago, Hegel said that the simplest reflection will show the necessity of holding fast ... the affirmation that is contained in every negation, the future that is in the present” (161).1 Doing “cultural studies” before the term, with all of its current proprietary implications, was in common use, James has much to say about questions of culture, writing, and politics, issues of vital concern today. James ‘s analyses are particularly instructive in the way they consider issues of cultural production in relation to personal consciousness and across national boundaries and historical eras. The last few years, however, have been marked less by speculation on the future than by what Fredric Jameson has called “an inverted millenarianism ... in which premonitions of the future, catastrophic or redeinptive, have been replaced by senses of the end of this or that (the end of ideology, art, or social class; the ‘crisis’ of Leninism, social democracy, or the welfare state, etc., etc.” (“Postmodernism” 53). Given the recent, astonishingly sudden, collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe, an event that Robin Blackburn has called “sufficiently comprehensive to eliminate [Communism] as an alternative to capitalism and to compromise the very idea of socialism” (5), one might understandably be tempted to add to this list, in premature gesture of dismissal, the end of Marxism, or of revolution.