bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporärer Korrosionsschutz von Spannstählen in unverpressten Hüllrohren
Authors: Isecke B. , Mietz J. , Schütt K. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractSpannstähle können während der Verarbeitung auf Baustellen korrosiven Belastungen ausgesetzt sein, die zu einer Gefährdung der Spannstähle durch wasserstoffinduzierte Spannungsrisskorrosion führen können. Um zu überprüfen, ob eine Spülung der Spannkanäle mit vorgetrockneter Luft ausreicht, die Spannstähle im unverpressten Zustand gegen Korrosion hinreichend zu schützen, sind Versuche unter praxisähnlichen Bedingungen an einem Spannbetonbalken durchgeführt worden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass diese Maßnahme die Korrosion im Hüllrohr vollständig verhindert und somit eine interessante Alternative zum Korrosionsschutz mit filmbildenden Mitteln (Inhibitoren) bildet.
Wasserstoffabsorption in alkalischen Elektrolyten
Authors: Moersch J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEs wurden Wasserstoffpermeationsversuche durchgeführt, um die Mechanismen der Wasserstoffabsorption in alkalischen Elektrolyten bei niedrigen Bedeckungsgraden der Stahloberfläche mit Wasserstoff zu klären. Die zu variierenden Parameter waren dabei der Sauerstoffgehalt (von Sauerstoffarmut bis Sauerstoffsättigung) und der pH‐Wert (9, 11 und 13) der Elektrolyte. Es wurden die Wasserstoffad‐ und ‐absorptionsraten und die Wasserstoffaktivitäten bestimmt.
Non destructive determination of the free chloride content in cement based materials
Authors: Elsener B. , Zimmermann L. , Böhni H. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA non‐destructive chloride sensitive sensor element for use in cement based porous materials is presented. The sensor element determines the activity of the free chloride ions in solutions and in porous cement based materials such as cement paste, mortar or concrete. The calibration in synthetic pore solution showed a response according to Nernst law over three decades of chloride concentration. The sensor element has shown excellent reproducibility and long term stability. The sensor element has been used to monitor the chloride uptake into mortar specimens. The results show a good agreement between the free chloride content determined by the sensor and by pore water expression. Applications in monitoring of reinforced concrete structures and their limitations are discussed.
Einfluss der Umgebungsbedingungen auf das Instandsetzungsprinzip W bei Korrosion infolge Karbonatisierung des Betons
Authors: Weydert R. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractDas Instandsetzungsprinzip W – Absenken des Wassergehaltes des Betons – ist Teil der Richtlinie für Schutz und Instandsetzung von Betonbauteilen des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton. Bei der Instandsetzung wird nach geeigneter Vorbehandlung der Korrosionsschäden die Betonoberfläche mit einer geeigneten Beschichtung versiegelt. Hierdurch soll der Wassergehalt des Betons soweit abgesenkt werden, dass Korrosion am Stahl zum Stillstand kommt. In Untersuchungen wurden Eignung und Wirksamkeit unterschiedlicher Beschichtungssysteme im Rahmen von Instandsetzungsversuchen aufgezeigt.
Prenatal diagnosis for Epidermolysis bullosa: a study of 144 consecutive pregnancies at risk
Authors: Pfendner Ellen G. , Nakano Aoi , Pulkkinen Leena , Christiano Angela M. , Uitto Jouni 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by increased skin fragility, resulting in blisters and erosions after minor trauma. Mutations in 10 structural genes expressed in the cutaneous basement membrane zone have been reported. The DebRA Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory at Jefferson Medical College has performed 144 DNA‐based prenatal diagnoses since 1993 in families at risk for recurrence of the most severe forms of EB, including the recessive dystrophic EB (RDEB), junctional EB (JEB), EB with pyloric atresia (EB‐PA), and EB simplex (EBS). A mutation‐detection strategy using either conformation‐sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) or denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) scanning analysis, followed by nucleotide sequencing, was applied to most cases with DEB and to all JEB, EB‐PA, and EBS families. For some RDEB families, linkage analysis was performed, either alone when the inheritance pattern was clear or in combination with one mutation. Among the 144 prenatal diagnoses, 63 were for RDEB, 69 for JEB, 6 for EB‐PA, and 6 for EBS. Twenty‐eight normal, 73 heterozygous carrier, and 28 affected RDEB, JEB, and EB‐PA pregnancies were reported in these recessively inherited diseases. Two affected and four normal pregnancies were predicted in dominantly inherited EBS. Among the 144 pregnancies, 9 were terminated without confirmation, 13 cases were lost to follow‐up, and 6 pregnancies are ongoing. There were 6 families with inconclusive results due either to recombination events between flanking markers, absence of informative markers for one allele, or lack of sample from the previously affected child. There were three discordant results, one that was explained by maternal contamination of the chorionic villus sample and two that were unresolved. Overall, the availability, relative ease, and over 98% success rate make molecular DNA‐based prenatal diagnosis a viable option for EB families at risk. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A classification of pregnancy losses after invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures: an approach to allow comparison of units with a different case mix
Authors: Nanal Rashmi , Kyle Phillipa , Soothill Peter W. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivePregnancy loss rates after prenatal invasive procedures such as amniocentesis (Amnio), chorionic villous sampling (CVS) and fetal blood sampling (FBS) vary with an underlying indication for the procedure and due to different background risk of miscarriage. Loss rates need to be quantified and available for counselling. We developed a classification of pregnancy losses that will help in calculating procedure‐related pregnancy loss rates and allow comparison between units with a different case mix.MethodsThe procedure‐related pregnancy loss rate was obtained by subtracting the losses in pregnancies with known lethal conditions and those occurring more than two weeks after the procedure from total pregnancy losses.ResultsOut of 436 CVSs, there were 18 losses. Of these, 14 had a known lethal condition and 3 occurred after 2 weeks of CVS. In only one case, there was no known lethal abnormality and the loss occurred within 2 weeks. Thus, the total pregnancy loss rate was 4.1% and the procedure‐related loss rate was 0.23% (95% CI; 0.0061–1.28). The procedure‐related loss rates for Amnio 0.7% (95% CI; 0.2–1.8) and FBS 1.19 (95% CI; 0.14–4.23) were calculated in a similar way.ConclusionsWe present a method of recording pregnancy loss after prenatal invasive procedures, which would be useful for benchmarking comparison between units and pre‐procedural counselling. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sirenomelia, the mermaid syndrome—detection in the first trimester
Authors: Schiesser Monika , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Lapaire Olav , Willi Nils , Lüthi Hans , Lopez Roberto , Tercanli Sevgi 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe sirenomelia sequence with fusion, rotation, hypotrophy or atrophy of the lower limbs in combination with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations is a rare and usually lethal disorder.We present the case of a 28‐year‐old woman, who was referred to our department because of an intraabdominal cystic structure in the 9th week of gestation. Subsequent scans confirmed the diagnosis of a sirenomelia sequence with the fusion of the lower extremities without fusion of the bones according to Stocker I classification. The size of the intraabdominal cyst decreased during follow‐up. After counseling, termination of pregnancy was induced. The postmortem X‐ray confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis.The exact etiological mechanism of this malformation is still unknown. An early alteration of the embryological vascular network damaging the caudal mesoderm is thought to lead to arrested development of the lower limbs and other affected organs. The cyst we saw in the 9th week might fit with this theory, either as an expression of the complex malformation of the lower abdomen or as the sonographic appearance of necrosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amniotic fluid human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha‐fetoprotein levels in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction
Authors: Hui P. W. , Lam Y. H. , Tang M. H. Y. , Ng E. H. Y. , Yeung W. S. B. , Ho P. C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo study the alteration in the second‐trimester maternal serum levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnancies conceived after assisted reproduction.MethodsWe compared the amniotic fluid hCG and AFP concentrations of 45 pregnancies with fresh embryo transfer and 25 pregnancies with frozen–thawed embryo transfer with 269 spontaneous pregnancies. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used for analysis.ResultsThe median amniotic fluid hCG MoM in pregnancies conceived after frozen–thawed embryo transfer was significantly increased to 1.41 compared to 1.00 (p = 0.01) in naturally occurring pregnancies and 0.96 (p = 0.049) in pregnancies after fresh embryo transfer. Further analysis showed that this was only observed in frozen embryos fertilized by conventional insemination with MoM of 1.59. The AFP MoMs were similar among the groups.ConclusionsThe observed raised amniotic fluid hCG level in IVF‐FET pregnancies may reflect the elevated maternal serum level in these pregnancies. Further studies should be directed towards exploring the underlying pathophysiology. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perinatal findings and molecular cytogenetic analysis of trisomy 16q and 22q13.3 deletion
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Chern Schu‐Rern , Shih Shin‐Lin , Lee Chen‐Chi , Wang Wayseen , Liao You‐Wei 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo present the perinatal findings and molecular cytogenetic analysis of a case with concomitant trisomy 16q and 22q13.3 deletion of paternal origin.Case and MethodsA 24‐year‐old pregnant woman was referred at 30 weeks' gestation for suspected fetal abnormalities. Sonographic examination revealed decreased fetal movement, dolicocephaly, an asymmetric skull, and intrauterine growth restriction. Prenatal karyotyping was suggested but was declined. A female baby was delivered vaginally at 39 weeks' gestation with a body weight of 2180 g. The neonate presented generalized hypotonia with frequent apneic episodes and died at 1.5 months of age. Additional physical abnormalities included epicanthal folds, ptosis, frontal bossing with an enlarged metopic suture, bitemporal narrowing, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, a pointed chin, micrognathia, prominent ears with preauricular pits, and clinodactyly. The karyotype from peripheral blood lymphocytes was 46,XX,der(22)t(16;22)(q12.1;q13.3)pat. The microdeletion at 22q13.3 was investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis using the LSI DiGeorge/VCFS region/ARSA dual color DNA probe and the 22q telomeric probe, of which only the latter was able to detect the subtle deletion. Molecular analysis using polymorphic microsatellite markers indicated that the breakpoint at 22q13.31 was located between loci D22S1171 (present) and D22S1168 (absent).ConclusionThe use of LSI DiGeorge/VCFS region/ARSA dual color DNA probes to examine distal 22q would miss some subtle terminal deletions of 22q13. However, the use of 22q telomeric probes would detect these minute deletions. Fetuses having trisomy 16q and 22q13.3 deletion may prenatally manifest decreased fetal movement, dolicocephaly, an asymmetric skull, and intrauterine growth restriction and postnatally present generalized hypotonia with frequent apneic episodes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of IVF, multiple gestation and miscarriage on the acceptance of genetic amniocentesis
Authors: Elimian Andrew , Demsky Marcy , Figueroa Reinaldo , Ogburn Paul , Spitzer Alan R. , Gerald Quirk J. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effect of in vitro fertilization (IVF), multiple gestation, and history of unkaryotyped miscarriage on the acceptance of genetic amniocentesis.MethodsWe studied women expected to be at least 35 years of age at the estimated date of delivery without family history of chromosomal abnormalities or fetal structural anomalies. The influence of IVF, multiple gestation, and history of miscarriage on the acceptance rate of genetic amniocentesis was evaluated. Chi‐square test and logistic regression were used for analysis.ResultsIn singleton pregnancies, the acceptance rate of genetic amniocentesis was 70.7% (58/82) in the IVF group compared to 77.9% (1837/2356) (P = 0.14) in the women who conceived spontaneously. The corresponding values in multiple gestation pregnancies were 71.1% (37/52) and 62.9% (34/54) respectively (P = 0.41). There was no difference in the acceptance rate of amniocentesis between singletons (70.7%) and multiple gestations (71.1%) after IVF (P = 0.96), while in women who conceived spontaneously, the acceptance rate of 78% in singletons was significantly higher than the acceptance rate of 63% in multiple gestations (P = 0.008). Adjusting for confounding variables, women with multiple gestations were about 40% less likely to accept genetic amniocentesis (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.39–1.00, P = 0.05), while women with a history of miscarriage were about 17% less likely to accept genetic amniocentesis (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68–1.00, P = 0.05). Adjusting for multiple gestation and previous miscarriage, IVF was not independently associated with acceptance of genetic amniocentesis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.54–1.29, P = 0.42).ConclusionsThere is no difference in the acceptance rate of genetic amniocentesis among women with IVF pregnancies compared with those who conceive spontaneously, after adjusting for multiple gestation and previous miscarriage. Unlike women who conceive spontaneously, the decision to accept amniocentesis appears not to be influenced by the presence of multiple gestation in women with IVF pregnancies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG phenotype in alcoholism: increased coherence in the depressive subtype
Authors: Winterer G. , Enoch M.‐A. , White K. V. , Saylan M. , Coppola R. , Goldman D. 
Published: June 2003

Objective:  Electroencephalography (EEG) power and coherence changes may be trait markers for alcoholism providing clues to brain mechanisms of vulnerability. However, it is unclear whether alpha power and coherence differences reflect reversible toxic or withdrawal effects of alcohol.Method:  The EEGs of 10 non‐abstinent and 16 long‐term abstinent alcoholics (7.7 ± 5.8 years) and 25 controls were analyzed. Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by questionnaire.Results:  No statistically significant EEG power differences were observed between groups, although the numerical difference between alcoholics and controls was similar to that previously reported. Bilateral, intrahemispheric, posterior coherences were significantly increased in the alpha and beta frequency bands both in long‐term abstinent and non‐abstinent alcohol‐dependent subjects – particularly when depressiveness was included as a covariate.Conclusion:  These results suggest that increased EEG‐coherence (cortical synchronization) may serve as endophenotype for alcoholism in conjunction with increased depressiveness and point to a possible involvement of GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Residual symptoms in elderly major depression remitters
Authors: Gastó C. , Navarro V. , Catalán R. , Portella M. J. , Marcos T. 
Published: June 2003

Objective:  To assess residual symptoms in severe geriatric major depression in remission, and to determine baseline clinical and sociodemographic predictors of residual symptoms in remitters.Method:  A total of 108 elderly patients with unipolar major depression were evaluated and treated naturalistically for 9 months so as to record the predictors of residual symptoms in remitters. In order to reduce the likelihood of confusing residual symptoms with normal effects of age, 30 control subjects were also monitored.Results:  Seventy‐nine patients (73.1%) were considered remitters and 82.3% of remitters showed residual symptoms. Medical burden, chronic stress and subjective social support were the only variables which predicted the severity of residual symptoms in remitters.Conclusion:  Residual symptoms in elderly patients with major depression in remission should not only be attributed exclusively to intrinsic factors of the illness or the age of the individual patient, but also to external factors.
Sertraline‐induced hypomania: a genuine side‐effect
Authors: Mendhekar D. N. , Gupta D. , Girotra V. 
Published: June 2003

Objective: Antidepressants including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)‐associated mania or hypomania has been well documented in the literature but these patients with switch have either mood disorders or various risk factors for bipolar disorder. This case report examines SSRI‐induced hypomania in a patient with dissociative disorder and highlights hypomania as a genuine side‐effect of sertraline rather than a switch.Method: A 23‐year‐old female patient with dissociative disorder has been described.Results: Hypomanic symptoms emerged during treatment with sertraline at the dose of 50 mg/day after 3–4 days of initiation of therapy and had complete recovery within 7 days after stopping sertraline.Conclusion: In the absence of risk factors for manic switch, sertraline‐induced hypomania may be a true side‐effect of drug.
Antidepressants: psychiatrists' opinions and clinical practice
Authors: Depont F. , Rambelomanana S. , Le Puil S. , Begaud B. , Verdoux H. , Moore N. 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To describe and compare psychiatrists’ opinion on antidepressant drugs and their prescriptions to depressed patients.Method: Between January and September 1999 a representative sample of French psychiatrists was asked their opinion of the 15 most prescribed antidepressants, and then to describe the treatments of the current depressive episode of four depressive patients each, their changes and the reason thereof.Results: A total of 232 psychiatrists and 935 patients participated. The best ranked antidepressants were clomipramine, paroxetine and amitriptyline for efficacy, tianeptine, paroxetine and citalopram for tolerability. In patients, the most often prescribed were paroxetine, fluoxetine and venlafaxine. Those least often stopped for intolerance were tianeptine (2.9%), citalopram (5.2%), venlafaxine (3.3%) and amitriptyline (5.7%) for lack of efficacy. There was no difference in stopping rates for inefficacy of tricyclics and serotonin‐selective agents.Conclusion: The best predictors for the prescribed antidepressants were the psychiatrists' overall rankings and opinions of the tolerability of the drug.
Rapid‐cycling bipolar disorder: effects of long‐term treatments
Authors: Tondo L. , Hennen J. , Baldessarini R. J. 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To compare responses to long‐term treatment of rapid‐cycling (RC) vs. non‐RC bipolar disorder patients and assess relative effectiveness of specific agents in RC patients.Method: Studies identified by literature searching were analyzed for effects of RC status and treatment‐type on clinical outcome (recurrence or non‐improvement per exposure‐time), using random‐effects methods to estimate pooled rates and their 95% CI for quantitative meta‐analytic modeling.Results: Data were obtained from 16 reports with 25 trial‐arms involving 1856 (905 RC and 951 non‐RC) patients treated with carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lithium, topiramate, or valproate, alone or with other agents over an average of 47.5 months (7347 total patient‐years). Estimated RC prevalence was 15.4%. Crude rates (%/month) of recurrence (2.31/1.20) and clinical non‐improvement (1.93/0.49) averaged 2.9‐fold greater in RC vs. non‐RC subjects. The pooled RC/non‐RC risk ratio (RR) for inferior treatment‐response (in 13 direct comparisons) was 1.40 (CI 1.26—1.56; P < 0.0001). Pooled crude recurrence and non‐improvement rates suggested no clear advantage for any treatment, nor superiority for anticonvulsants over lithium. However, only lithium vs. carbamazepine could be directly compared (in four treatment‐arms) meta‐analytically in RC patients (RR = 0.93, CI 0.74–1.18, indicating no difference in effectiveness).Conclusion: As expected, RC was associated with lower effectiveness of all treatments evaluated. Direct comparisons of specific treatment alternatives for RC patients were rare, and provided no secure evidence of superiority of any treatment. Additional long‐term studies comparing RC/non‐RC patients randomized to specific treatments are required.
The Danish PET/depression project: cognitive function and regional cerebral blood flow
Authors: Ravnkilde B. , Videbech P. , Clemmensen K. , Egander A. , Rasmussen N. A. , Gjedde A. , Rosenberg R. , Gade A. 
Published: June 2003

Objective: To clarify the relationship between cognitive functions and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in a large group of depressed patients compared with healthy controls.Method: A set of principal components was extracted from scores of a battery of neuropsychological tests of 40 patients suffering from major depression and 49 healthy controls. The components were correlated by multiple linear regression analyses to selected regions of interest in the brain obtained from positron emission tomography images.Results: In contrast to findings in the healthy controls, cognitive functions in the depressed patients correlated significantly with rCBF in specified regions of interest in only a few instances.Conclusion: Our study indicates that disturbed cognitive functions in depression do not relate to specific areas of the brain in the same way as normal cognitive functioning, suggesting that the abnormalities of brain function in major depression may be qualitative, rather than quantitative, in nature.
Evaluation of the PAHO/WHO training program on the detection and treatment of depression for primary care nurses in Panama
Authors: Moreno P. , Saravanan Y. , Levav I. , Kohn R. , Miranda C. T. 
Published: June 2003

Objective:This study evaluated the efficacy of a training program developed by Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) for primary care nurses aimed at improving their capacity to detect and manage depression.Method:Changes in knowledge and clinical practice were assessed in a group of primary care nurses in Panama who underwent the program. They were compared with a group of controls.Results:Nurses who underwent the training program showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and detection of depressive disorders. In addition, they increased their notification of patients with depression to the primary care physician. No change was noted in the control group.Conclusion:The results point to the benefit of the PAHO/WHO training program for primary care nurses in the care of major depression. Further studies are required to confirm these results.
Explanatory models of psychosis among community health workers in South India
Authors: Joel D. , Sathyaseelan M. , Jayakaran R. , Vijayakumar C. , Muthurathnam S. , Jacob K. S. 
Published: June 2003

Objective:  To examine commonly held indigenous beliefs about mental illness, which often differ markedly from the biomedical models, among community health workers in rural South India.Method:  Indigenous beliefs about chronic psychosis were elicited from community health workers. The Short Explanatory Model Interview formed the basis of the interview.Results:  A variety of indigenous beliefs, which contradicted the biomedical model, were elicited. A significant proportion of health workers did not recognize chronic psychosis as a disease condition, believing that it was caused by black magic, evil spirits and poverty, and felt that doctors could not help.Conclusion:  The results of the study suggest that training programmes should elicit and discuss local beliefs prior to the teaching of the biomedical model of mental disorders.