bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PUBLIC HEALTH APPROACH TO BRAIN HEALTH: THE HBI ROAD MAP SERIES
Authors: Roberts Shelby , Ty Diane 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In 2005, congressional support led to the creation of the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) and the longstanding collaboration between the Alzheimer’s Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to advance understanding of and support for cognitive decline as a central part of public health practice. Since then, HBI partners have worked together to implement public health strategies that promote brain health, address dementia and help support caregivers. The Healthy Brain Initiative Road Map Series guides this effort. The first HBI Road Map was released by CDC and the Alzheimer’s Association in 2007 and was the first framework for viewing cognitive health and dementia as a public health issue. The second HBI Road Map was released in 2013 and expanded the role of state and local public health departments and partners in improving cognitive health. The third HBI Road Map, published in 2018, continued to chart a course for state and local public health departments and their partners by aligning actions with the essential services of public health. The HBI Road Map for Indian Country, published in 2019, is the first public health guide focused on dementia in American Indian and Alaska Native communities. The release of the fourth HBI Road Map in 2023 continues to advance the field and prepare public health departments to better address health equity and build capacity as new treatments become available. This symposium highlights successes of the Road Map Series and the development of the 4th edition of the HBI Road Map.
BUILDING SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC HEALTH ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PROGRAMS
Authors: McGuire Lisa , Holt Heidi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While public health experts cannot yet say how to prevent Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), public health has a role in slowing ADRD through the implementation of risk reduction strategies, early diagnosis, and better education and training of front-line health care professionals. Efforts to enhance the sustainability of programs, with changes to systems, environments, and policies enhances uptake and increases the lifespan of these interventions, as well as facilitates continuity and integration of efforts across jurisdictions. This approach includes multiple partners from a wide-range of sectors. This presentation will describe public health approach to ADRD including increasing awareness and action on dementia risk reduction, early detection, and coordination with aging services including supporting dementia caregivers. We will discuss innovative approaches of achieving sustainability, including identifying approaches that seek to reach entire populations for widespread and sustained impact utilizing examples from BOLD Programs to develop widespread public health infrastructure.
HOW GRANDPARENT COUPLES ENGAGE IN FAMILY LEISURE WITH GRANDCHILDREN
Authors: Juris Jill , Zvonkovic Anisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
There is limited understanding of how grandparent couples negotiate time with grandchildren. Family leisure is often purposive by being planned, facilitated, and executed by parents or grandparents to achieve goals such as improved interaction, communication, and family cohesion. Moving beyond studies of counting time in leisure, few studies of family leisure have included how people experience leisure as couples. Guided by a life course approach, this qualitative study provides insight to an understanding of the process of family leisure among grandparent couples by examining how both individuals in a couple experience family leisure with their grandchildren. Grandparent couples (n=10) ranged in age from 60 to 75 years old (M=66.8, SD=5.01). The grandparents interviewed were not providing custodial care to their grandchildren. Participants completed individual interviews that were then analyzed at the couple level. Through constructivist grounded theory, this study developed a process model of grandparents’ decision-making that unfolded into four options for engaging in family leisure with grandchildren. The four options included: wanting a grandparent fix, going with the flow when invited by children, hosting grandchildren in their homes, and meeting expectations for family gatherings. Grandparent couples often described more than one option of family leisure based on their life course dimensions (i.e., individual, family, and sociohistorical). Implications for application in the fields of recreation and family sciences will be discussed.
“EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED”: CUSTODIAL GRANDPARENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON RAISING GRANDCHILDREN DURING COVID-19
Authors: Fruhauf Christine , Whitley Deborah , Kelley Susan , Smith Andrea , Lee Youjung , Tseng Heidi , Hayslip Bert 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Managing COVID-19 demands may exacerbate caregiving responsibilities of custodial grandparents raising grandchildren. This presentation aims to discuss qualitative data obtained from 14 custodial grandmothers who participated in virtual focus groups to understand their parenting experiences in conjunction with meeting COVID-19 demands. Participants were recruited from a larger sample (N=145, age range 30-79 years, Mage = 61.4 years, SD = 8.5) of custodial grandparents who completed a quantitative survey on COVID-19 stressors. Guided by McCubbins and Patterson’s Family Stress and Adaptation model, three researchers conducted open coding of the focus group data. The analysis revealed distinguishing patterns related to managing challenges of grandchild caregiving brought on by COVID-19. Some grandparents discussed the demands of COVID-19 as difficult, but not as challenging as the day-to-day experiences of raising grandchildren. This was reflected when grandparents discussed raising grandchildren with special needs in the pandemic environment, advocating with schools to adjust virtual learning expectations, managing custody cases and social service home visits while ‘protecting’ grandchildren and themselves from COVID-19 exposure. Grandparents stated they did not change their parenting style to manage COVID-19 demands, yet they discovered a stronger, internal commitment to raising grandchildren. Grandparents reflected when isolating they enjoyed engaging in different and new activities with their grandchildren while becoming closer to them as a result. Findings suggest that challenges of raising grandchildren were heightened in the context of COVID-19 demands. Although grandparents experienced losses during the pandemic, they also reflected on gains related to their resourcefulness and resiliency in managing stressors.
CHRONIC IFNΓ-DRIVEN INFLAMMATION IMPAIRS INTESTINAL TOLERANCE AND REGENERATION IN AGING
Authors: Castillo-Azofeifa David 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The intestine’s remarkable regenerative capacity decreases with aging as the stem cellniche interaction is impaired. Beyond defects in the stem cell-niche interaction, there is a direct correlation between age-related changes in immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. However, how the aging immune system affects the regenerative capacity of the intestine to challenges such as infections is unclear. Here, we infected young and aged mice with Citrobacter rodentium, a model that activates the immune response and causes epithelial damage. Young mice successfully healed, while old mice succumbed to infection. In the aged infected intestines, we identified elevated basal levels of interferon γ (IFNγ) that significantly increased in lymphoid cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, aged post-infected intestines exhibited dramatic epithelial barrier disruption, partly due to a decrease in Lgr5+ stem cells and an imbalance of cell differentiation towards goblet cell production, raising the question if the aging intestine is more susceptible to infection due to persistent exposure to IFNγ. To test the response of young and aged intestinal epithelium to continuous IFNγ exposure, we treated young and aged organoids with IFNγ. We found that old organoids undergo massive apoptotic cell death as early as 24 hours post-IFNγ treatment. In contrast, young organoids were unaffected, demonstrating that IFNγ drives the age-related impairment of intestinal healing. Although a short-term boost of IFNγ is necessary for intestinal regeneration in adults, our findings indicate that prolonged IFNγ activation associated with aging can impede intestinal repair.
AGING AND MASS MARKETING FRAUD: EVIDENCE ON REPEAT VICTIMIZATION USING PERPETRATOR DATA
Authors: DeLiema Marguerite , Langton Lynn , Brannock M Daniel , Preble Edward 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Fraud complaint data indicates that adults in their 70s and 80s experience significantly greater fraud losses than middle aged and young adults, however older adults are less likely to self-report victimization overall. One explanation for older adults’ relatively higher financial losses may be that they experience a greater incidence of repeat victimization. In this study, we examine the relationship between age and repeat mass marketing fraud using a novel dataset of nearly one million US mail fraud victims. The data come from four mail fraud enterprises that were investigated by the US Postal Inspection Service and that ran overlapping scams between 2000 and 2018. The perpetrators collected information on victims (name, address, age) and how often they paid money in response to scam solicitations. Datasets were merged, cleaned, and deduplicated. We use a Prentice-Williams-Peterson adaptation of a Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the effect of age on the likelihood of experiencing a subsequent victimization, controlling for the number of prior victimizations. Compared to victims in their 50s, victims aged 70-79 and 80-89 had a 9% greater risk of experiencing another victimization, whereas victims in their 20s had a 24% lower risk of experiencing another victimization. Logistic regression analyses indicate that adults in their 70s and 80s are significantly more likely than those younger than 50 to experience victimization by multiple types of mail scams. This is the first study to use perpetrator data, rather than self-report, to show that older adults face a greater risk of repeat fraud victimization.
DAILY SLEEP QUALITY AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING PERFORMANCE ACROSS TWO WEEKS IN INDIVIDUALS APPROACHING MID LIFE
Authors: Vo Tina , Zheng Anqing , Muñoz Elizabeth , Wadsworth Sally , Sliwinski Martin , Reynolds Chandra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sleep quality (SQ)-cognition associations are prevalent across aging, with stronger associations observed in midlife. Whether these associations persist within micro-level timescales (e.g., day-to-day) is unclear, particularly in individuals approaching midlife. Burst data from a subsample of the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife1) who participated in the ambulatory smartphone substudy (N=440, Mage=35.78 range=28.07-51.32, %Female=57.7%) were utilized to examine associations between self-reported daily SQ and cognitive performance, measured up to three times a day for 14 days, while accounting for age, sex, and educational attainment. There was a small positive age effect on average SQ (e.g., d=.18 comparing 36 versus 46 year-olds). Separable between-person and within-person time varying covariate effects were extracted for SQ to capture individual differences in typical levels versus variations from one’s typical pattern. The between-person SQ was individually significant and positive (B=0.023, se=0.009, p=0.019) suggesting better Stroop accuracy for each unit increase in SQ. Daily differences from one’s average SQ did not additionally predict daily Stroop performance suggesting the salience of general quality. Estimates suggest higher accuracy for individuals who report higher average SQ (d=.19, average SQ versus +2SD above average SQ). However, there were no Age by SQ effects on Stroop accuracy. Additional SQ aspects (e.g., sleep latency and sleep maintenance) are explored. Examining sleep quality-cognition associations across micro-level timescales are salient to discern whether and how effects accumulate and contribute to performance differences over larger timescales in individuals approaching midlife.
EARLY-LIFE SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION AND LATER-LIFE COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Skoblow Hanamori , Palermo Francisco , Proulx Christine 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A life course perspective on cognitive aging suggests that experiences early in life may be linked to later performance on cognitive tests. A growing literature shows that childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is positively associated with later-life cognitive functioning. To identify the strength of this association and potential moderating variables, we used meta-analytic techniques to identify the magnitude of the association between early-life (aged 0-17) SEP and later-life (aged 50+) cognitive functioning. After systematically searching PsycINFO, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, 30 studies representing 39 samples and 223,381 participants met the inclusion criteria. Extracted data included participant and study design characteristics, construct operationalization and measures, and effect sizes. The results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant correlation between childhood SEP and later-life cognitive functioning, whether measured as an overall effect size (r = .179, 95% CI = [.156, .201]), global performance (r = .206, 95% CI = [.157, .255]), verbal episodic memory (r = .160, 95% CI = [.132, .188]), verbal fluency (r = .203, 95% CI = [.168, .237]), or processing speed (r = .146 (95% CI = .108, .184]), but not inhibition (r = .146, 95% CI = [-.150, .418]). Subgroup analyses revealed that, in some domains, the correlation was weaker with an older mean sample age. Correlations did not vary by study design (i.e., prospective or retrospective) or journal impact factor. These results provide important evidence for the promotion of policies that buffer children from economic hardship, as one’s cognitive performance in later life begins far earlier than older adulthood.
NEUROFILAMENT LIGHT CHAIN (NFL) AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE INCONSISTENCY IN ADULTS APPROACHING MID LIFE
Authors: Reynolds Chandra , Muñoz Elizabeth , Evans Donald , Smolen Andrew 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) indexes axonal integrity, where higher NfL values correlate with lower cognitive performance. However, associations of NfL with variability in performance and earlier in the lifespan are unclear. We evaluated inconsistency in trial-level performance within three speed or spatial tasks and dispersion across nine verbal, spatial, speed, and episodic memory tasks in participants from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging (CATSLife1). Individuals were tested at 28-49 years (M=33.1, SD=4.9). Quanterix Simoa assays of plasma NfL (pNfL, log-transformed), cognitive test scores, and sociodemographic covariates were available for up to 1144 individuals. Multi-level regression analyses accounted for sibling relatedness and sociodemographic covariates. Above average pNfL coupled with higher age were associated with greater inconsistency across trials for the WAIS-III Digit Symbol subtest (d=.15 per 3 years of age increase, p=0.037) adjusting for performance, and with reduced performance across age (d=-.27, p=0.014). Moreover, higher pNfL was associated with higher dispersion among nine specific cognitive ability tasks across age, adjusting for general cognitive ability (GCA) factor scores (d=.156, p=0.037). Building on our earlier report of plasma NfL and GCA, higher pNfL was associated with greater dispersion in performance across a battery of tests. Moreover, higher pNfL was associated with poorer overall speed performance, which was also observed for trial level inconsistency even when adjusting for performance level. Hence, at equal levels of ability, within-task inconsistency and dispersion across tasks may be associated with plasma neurofilament light chain in early- to mid-adulthood.
THE ELDER ABUSE HELPLINE FOR CONCERNED PERSONS (CPS): HOW SERVICES FOR CPS IDENTIFY AND MITIGATE FE AND ABUSE
Authors: Rachmuth Lisa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Elder abuse can profoundly impact older adults who experience it. Historically, little is known, however, about another group of individuals in the lives of older adults: non-abusing family members, friends, and neighbors, referred to as “Concerned Persons” (CPs). Through the Elder Abuse Helpline for Concerned Persons (the Helpline), a program at Weill Cornell Medicine, the CPs receive supportive counseling for themselves and referrals to ongoing services for themselves and the Older Adults who are abused. Financial exploitation and abuse often go unrecognized by many. Previous research on the first year of data from Helpline calls indicated that CPs might be critical in enabling support and help-seeking for elder abuse victims, and may be an essential intervention target group to help promote help-seeking behaviors of Older Adult Financially exploited victims. This presentation will highlight findings from a recent study involving secondary analysis of de-identified Helpline data that a) explored characteristics of CPs, alleged victims/abusers, as well as types and circumstances surrounding alleged abuse; and b) characterized the range of services and interventions requested and provided to concerned persons. Primary questions of interest included ones such as, “What are CP’s relationships to alleged victims/abusers?; How do the patterns, types, and circumstances surrounding alleged abuse vary across characteristics of CPs and their relationships to alleged victims/abusers?; What are the common concerns of CPs and the type of services requested by CPs?” Findings from this study improve our current understanding of CPs in the lives of alleged elder abuse victims and CPs’ help-seeking behaviors.
TEMPORARY ACCOUNT HOLDS TO PROTECT VULNERABLE ADULTS AT RISK OF FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION
Authors: DeLiema Marti , Sommers Maruska , Binder Carrie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Elder financial exploitation presents a serious challenge to law enforcement and adult protective services (APS) agencies working to prevent losses. The goal of this project is to understand case characteristics associated with a new adult protection law in Minnesota–Chapter 45A–that authorizes temporary holds of suspicious transactions and withdrawal requests for up to 5 weeks to protect older and vulnerable adults experiencing exploitation. Most states have recently passed similar laws, but none have systematically collected data on when temporary holds are applied and for whom, what investigation takes place, and how interventions impact vulnerable and older adults’ financial safety. Analyzing administrative data on Chapter 45A, we found that 286 financial exploitation cases were referred for investigation and temporary holds in 2022 (mean= 23 cases per month) with approximately $3M in funds at risk of further losses. Temporary holds were implemented in 25% of the referred cases. More than 2/3rds of Chapter 45A cases involved fraud perpetrated by strangers compared to fewer cases of financial abuse by friends and family. There is substantial under-reporting of cases involving Black, Hispanic, American Indian, Asian/Asian Pacific Islander, and immigrant older and vulnerable adults relative to the size of these groups in Minnesota. More research is needed to determine why minority clients are not receiving equal access to Chapter 45A intervention, and how to remedy these disparities in case referrals. Greater outreach and education may help improve knowledge of the Chapter 45A reporting processes among financial institutions, law enforcement, and APS agencies that serve these populations.
EXPERIENCES AND WELL-BEING OF LOW-INCOME WORKERS IN THE SENIOR COMMUNITY SERVICE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Halvorsen Cal , Lai Patrick , Howard Elizabeth , Lyons Karen , Moorman Sara , Matz Christina 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP) is the only federal job-training program specifically for older workers. SCSEP enrolls unemployed older workers with incomes at or below 125% of the federal poverty level into on-the-job and classroom-based training. SCSEP participants often struggle to secure unsubsidized work, as they experience, on average, more than 3 barriers to employment (e.g., low literacy levels, disability, limited English proficiency). While some outcome metrics are tracked (e.g., job attainment, median unsubsidized wages), we know relatively little about participants’ health, well-being, and training experiences. In response, and in partnership with the Massachusetts Executive Office of Elder Affairs, we fielded a survey on the multidimensional health, well-being, and experiences of participants throughout Massachusetts. Fielded in the spring and summer of 2022 and in six languages, a total of 91 SCSEP participants took the survey with an age range of 57 to 82. Almost half (44%) spoke a language other than English at home, of which Cantonese and Vietnamese were the most common. Respondents generally reported being in moderately good health (only 3% reported “excellent” health) with at least one chronic health condition (86%), and two-thirds (66%) reported reduced social activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Less than one-quarter (22%) reported having money left over at the end of the month, but that SCSEP itself improved their finances, social engagement, and self-confidence. To conclude, we will offer reflections on the importance of tracking additional characteristics of SCSEP participants and engaging in respectful community-based work with diverse older populations.
IMPACT OF HUSBAND’S DEMENTIA: INNOVATIVE METHODS TO STUDY HEALTH PROFILES AND CO-TRAJECTORIES BETWEEN COUPLES
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yuan Yiyang , Roche-Dean Maria , Gonzalez Richard , Vega Irving 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Traditional life course studies often focus on how one predictor influences one health outcome that may not be able to capture the interdependence of two or more health trajectories very well.
Objectives: (1) demonstrate an innovative method to create a 3-dimensional health profile cube that presents physical, mental, and cognitive health and the changing trajectories over time; (2) display how a woman’s health profile may change due to the onset of their male partner’s dementia; and (3) visualize how couple’s co-trajectories of health profiles may vary by their age, race/ethnicity, and household wealth.
Methods: We focus on married and partnered couples, drawing longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2016; n=3,578). Physical, mental, and cognitive health were respectively measured by functional limitation, depression symptoms (CESD-II), and modified version of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS). We use vector autoregression (VAR) models to analyze these multivariate paths in the same visual representation as the original data.
Results: The approach provides both an analytic framework and a visualization tool that depicts data and model in the same spatial representation to permit assessment of model fit and model comparison. This study advances the traditional life course studies by representing underlying processes as a multidimensional time vector of health outcomes, which better reflect the interdependent co-trajectories of health outcomes and the essence of the life course conceptual framework.
Discussion: This paper provides a blueprint for studying complex health profiles or trajectories.