bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulated physical activity and the association with obesity, fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults
Authors: Jackson Ronald E. , Lang Wei , Rogers Renee J. , Schelbert Erik B. , Kovacs Sara J. , Creasy Seth A. , Jakicic John M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence of ≥150 min/wk of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using different criteria for bout length and to examine associations with measures of obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy adults with overweight or obesity.MethodsBaseline data from healthy adults (N = 375; age [mean ± SD] = 45.2 ± 7.7 years; BMI = 32.3 ± 3.8 kg/m2) enrolled in a behavioral weight‐loss intervention were examined cross‐sectionally. Categorization was by objectively measured MVPA as follows: 1) LOW‐MVPA: <150 min/wk (n = 122, 32.5%); 2) MVPA‐NON‐BOUTED: ≥150 min/wk in bouts < 10 min (n = 72, 19.2%); 3) MVPA‐COMBINED: ≥150 min/wk with a combination of bouts < 10 and ≥10 min (n = 50, 13.3%); and 4) MVPA‐BOUTED: ≥150 min/wk with bouts ≥ 10 min (n = 131, 34.9%).ResultsWeight, BMI, and waist circumference were higher in the LOW‐MVPA category versus the other categories. Body fatness was significantly lower in the MVPA‐BOUTED category compared with the LOW‐MVPA category (p < 0.05). Differences by category for cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors were limited.ConclusionsSome adults with overweight or obesity may be more active than they perceived themselves to be, and accumulation of ≥150 min/wk of MVPA may have favorable effects on weight and adiposity status. Findings may influence physical activity recommendations, and confirmation with prospective and randomized studies is needed.
Fiscal transfers, local government, and entrepreneurship
Authors: Danisewicz Piotr , Ongena Steven 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCan local government spending spur entrepreneurial activity? To answer this question, we study a setting where, around multiple pre‐determined and non‐manipulable thresholds, municipalities with lower tax revenues receive direct and different monetary grants from the national budget. Employing a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find a positive impact of fiscal transfers on the number of firms, especially sole proprietorships and small firms. The impact is stronger in municipalities where the opposition is more involved in the legislative process or more parties are represented in the municipal council.
Fundamental solution in the coupled theory of thermoelastic nanoporous materials with triple porosity
Authors: Svanadze Merab 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the linear coupled theory of thermoelasticity for nanoporous materials with a triple porosity structure based on Darcy's law and the volume fraction concept is considered. The fundamental solution of the system of steady vibration equations is constructed by means of elementary functions. Finally, some basic properties of this solution are established.
A constitutive modeling approach to simulate time‐dependent phenomena in rubber‐like materials
Authors: Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIndustrial rubber materials and similar rubber‐like materials exhibit complex mechanical behavior including nonlinear stress‐strain behavior up to large strains, hysteresis, Mullins effect, permanent set, as well as time‐dependent effects, like relaxation and rate dependency. The modeling of all these phenomena is a challenging task. One constitutive model that is capable to capture many effects in the large strain regime is the so‐called model of rubber phenomenology (MORPH). However, it is not able to capture any of the mentioned time‐dependent phenomena. Thus, this contribution deals with the extension of this model to simulate relaxation and rate dependency of rubber‐like materials. Thereby, a basic modeling approach is proposed, where only a slight change in the original system of tensorial equations is necessary. This approach is further extended by applying not only a constant relaxation time, but also loading history‐depended relaxation properties. For numerical simulations, a time discretization has to be applied to the constitutive equations, which is briefly shown. Finally, the extended MORPH model is applied to two different materials: an industrial rubber material and a polyurethane based adhesive. In both cases, the extended MORPH model is adjusted to uniaxial tension test data by parameter identification procedures. It will be shown that basic time‐dependent phenomena of rubber‐like materials can be captured well with the proposed extensions.
Data‐driven finite element computation of microstructured materials
Authors: Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a model‐free data‐driven strategy for linear and non‐linear finite element computations of open‐cell foam. Employing sets of material data, the data‐driven problem is formulated as the minimization of a distance function subjected to the physical constraints from the kinematics and the balance laws of the mechanical problem.The material data sets of the foam are deduced here from representative microscopic material volumes. These volume elements capture the stochastic characteristics of the open‐cell microstructure and the properties of the polyurethane material. Their computation provides the required stress‐strain data used in the macroscopic finite element computations without postulating a specific constitutive model. The paper shows how to derive suitable material data sets for the different cases of (non‐)linear and (an‐)isotropic material behavior efficiently. The numerical example of a rubber sealing illustrates possible areas of application, and the proposed strategy's versatility.
Mechanical properties of modified aramid three‐dimensional braided composites
Authors: Li Cuiyu , Shi Mengxiao , Xing Wenjin , Song Jiajia , Shan Jingting , Zhang Lei , Feng Changhong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) braided composites have good integrity and high stability, but aramid fiber (AF) has an inert surface and poor interfacial bonding with resin, which affects the mechanical properties of aramid 3D braided composites and limits their development. This paper used catechol/pyrogallol polyamine (CA/PGPA) to modify the AF. The effects of different mass fraction ratios of CA/PGPA and different reaction temperatures on the surface properties of AF and the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites were investigated. The results showed that after the CA/PGPA modification, fiber surface oxygen‐containing groups increased, the roughness became more extensive, the fiber strength increased, and the interfacial shear strength increased. When AF‐CAPG‐II‐40°C, the mechanical properties of the 3D braided composites were improved most significantly. Compared with unmodified composites, the bending modulus was increased by 70%, the compression modulus by 124%, and the shear strength by 55.7%. The epoxy resin modification was carried out based on AF‐CAPG‐II‐40°C, and when the mass fraction of aramid nanofiber/graphene nanoparticle (ANF/G) was 0.7 wt%, 3D braided composites exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties. The bending modulus, compression modulus, and shear strength were increased by 15.3%, 23.3%, and 25.7%, respectively, compared with AF‐CAPG‐II‐40°C.
Flexible electrospun PVDF/WO3 nanocomposite fibers for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications
Authors: Arul N. , Suresh M. , Satthiyaraju M. , Babu N. B. Karthik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe emerging field of energy harvesting depends on the electrically conductive materials that are highly flexible and deformable. The morphological, structural, thermal, mechanical, and piezoelectric output studies of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PVDF/WO3 nanorods composite nanofibers were investigated for the piezoelectric energy harvesting applications. There is a significant enhancement in the piezoelectric β phase after the addition of the WO3 nanorods into the PVDF. The elemental composition of the PVDF/WO3 nanorods composite nanofibers is confirmed by the W, O, F, and C elements. The thermal stability of the WO3 nanorods added composite nanofibers was increased up to 30°C in reference to TGA responses. Based on the mechanical test, the maximum tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were enhanced around by 220 and 246% for the WO3‐integrated PVDF nanofibers. Furthermore, the piezoelectric coefficient of 18.98 pC/N is achieved for the composite PVDF nanofibers which are mainly due to the improvement of the electroactive β phase. The piezoelectric energy harvesting responses were found an output voltage of 2.1 V based on the microstrain set‐up. Thus, these WO3 nanorods incorporated PVDF nanofibers keep the great potential for the piezoelectric energy harvesting, wearable electronics and biomedical applications.
Foam processability of polypropylene/sisal fiber composites having near‐critical fiber length for acoustic absorption properties
Authors: Bhagat Ajit Babarao , Pal Ruchi , Ghosh Anup K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe current research aims to develop a sound‐absorbing material from polypropylene (PP) and sisal fibers (SFs). The study explores the foam processability of PP/SF composites with near‐critical fiber length, employing supercritical CO2‐assisted batch foaming technology. Optimized foam processing conditions were determined to be 145°C, 100 bar, and 15 min saturation time. These conditions resulted in foams with the lowest density, maximum volume expansion ratio and an overall microcellular structure. Notably, increasing the fiber concentration significantly enhanced the compressive properties, exhibiting a remarkable 3000% improvement with the addition of 40 wt% SFs. Dynamic mechanical analysis further revealed improved dampening properties of the composites after foaming. Moreover, the incorporation of SFs led to an increase in the noise reduction coefficient, while foaming additionally improved the sound absorption properties. This renders the material highly applicable for soundproofing purposes. Thus, produced PP/SF microcellular foams offer properties that can potentially be used to produce lightweight structural components for acoustic absorption applications.
Effect of fillers on the microphase separation in polyurethane composites: A review
Authors: Jiang Jiahao , Gao Hanyang , Wang Mengjie , Gao Liang , Hu Guoxin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe microphase separation behavior of polyurethane (PU) strongly affects its mechanical, thermal, electrical, and other functional properties. Adding fillers to change the degree of microphase separation (DPS) in PU is a convenient and efficient method. Although many scholars have tried to regulate the microphase separation of PU by adding fillers, there are still many controversies about the effect. In this review, we classify commonly used fillers into three categories according to their morphology: spherical fillers, fibrous fillers, and layered fillers, and summarize their effects on the microphase separation behavior of PU. We explore the similarities and differences in the mechanisms by which different fillers affect the microphase separation of PU, and find that the polarity, morphology, size of fillers, and preparation method have a significant impact on the degree of microphase separation in PU. The impact of microphase separation on the mechanical properties of PU has also been summarized to illustrate their close relationship. We hope that these summaries will provide some guidance for the development of new high‐strength and multifunctional PU composites.Highlights
Summarized recent research progress on effect of common fillers on DPS of PU.
Common fillers are classified into three categories based on their morphology.
Common laws of the fillers impact on the DPS are classified and discussed.
The close relationship between DPS and mechanical properties is reviewed.
Provided information for high‐strength and multifunctional PU development.
Falling off the screening grid—Predictors for postponed utilization of psycho‐oncological support in cancer patients and its implications for distress assessment and management
Authors: Rausch Raya , Bäuerle Alexander , Rentrop Vanessa , Jansen Christoph , Nensa Felix , Palm Stefan , Tewes Mitra , Schadendorf Dirk , Skoda Eva‐Maria , Teufel Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDistress assessment of cancer patients is considered state‐of‐the‐art. In addition to distress scores, individual care needs are an important factor for the initiation of psycho‐oncological interventions. In a mono‐centric, observational study, we aimed for characterization of patients indicating a subjective need but declining to utilize support services immediately to facilitate implementation of adapted screenings.MethodsThis study analyzed retrospective data from routine distress screening and associated data from hospital records. Descriptive, variance and regression analyses were used to assess characteristics of postponed support utilization in patients with mixed cancer diagnoses in different treatment settings.ResultsOf the total sample (N = 1863), 13% indicated a subjective need but postponed support utilization. This subgroup presented as being as burdened by symptoms of depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001) and distress (p < 0.001) as subjectively distressed patients with intent to directly utilize support. Time periods since diagnosis were shorter (p = 0.007) and patients were more often inpatients (p = 0.045).ConclusionsDespite high heterogeneity among the subgroups, this study identified distress‐related factors and time since diagnosis as possible predictors for postponed utilization of psycho‐oncological interventions. Results suggest the necessity for time‐individualized support which may improve utilization by distressed patients.
Comparison of four radar profiling algorithms in the S‐band
Authors: Yu Nan , Gaussiat Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadar profiling algorithms are widely used for precipitation‐induced path‐attenuation correction. In this study, we investigate the impact of the four well‐known profiling algorithms on the efficacy of quantitative precipitation estimation retrievals. The first method, named the “simple PhiDP‐based method”, distributes precipitation‐induced path attenuation, or PhiDP (differential phase shift), of a rain segment to each radar gate according to radar reflectivity (Zh). The second one is a linear version of the ZPHI method derived from an approximate linear relationship between specific attenuation (Ah) and specific differential phase (KDP). The third one is a nonlinear version of the ZPHI that respects the nonlinearity of the Ah–KDP relationship. The fourth method is inspired from the self‐consistent method of Bringi. The two‐moment normalized raindrop size distribution (DSD) with two variables, scaled drop concentration and mean drop diameter , is used to represent natural variability of DSD. Two configurations are considered: a constant over a segment and a variable over a segment. The Ah, KDP, and rain intensity are estimated by the four profiling algorithms. The sensitivity of each algorithm to radar measurements uncertainty is also investigated. The evaluation of the estimates shows the following. First, for the range‐constant situation, the nonlinear ZPHI and the self‐consistent method yield the best estimates if the measurements errors are not considered. However, the nonlinear ZPHI and the self‐consistent method are significantly impacted by the Zh bias and the measurements noises respectively. Second, for the range‐variable situation, the self‐consistent method does not have a good performance even when radar measurements are accurate. The performance of the nonlinear ZPHI method is similar to the simple PhiDP‐based method, whereas the latter is immune to the Zh calibration error. These results suggest that the benefit of introducing in quantitative precipitation estimation algorithms can be significantly reduced if is not constant in reality and/or if the radar measurements are biased and noisy.
A Bayesian generalized Eyring‐Weibull accelerated life testing model
Authors: Smit Neill , Raubenheimer Lizanne , Mazzuchi Thomas , Soyer Refik 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach to a Bayesian accelerated life testing model is presented. The Weibull distribution is used as the life distribution and the generalized Eyring model as the time transformation function. This is a model that allows for the use of more than one stressor, whereas other commonly used acceleration models, such as the Arrhenius and power law models, incorporate one stressor. The use of the generalized Eyring‐Weibull model developed in this paper is demonstrated in a case study, where Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are utilized to generate samples for posterior inference.
Static field ionization of the spherically confined hydrogen atom
Authors: Micca Longo Gaia , Giordano Domenico , Longo Savino 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ionization of the hydrogen atom confined in a spherical potential well and subjected to a static electric field is studied, using the diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method. Atomic ionization within a potential well is found to be a stationary, gradual, and reversible process. The value of the electric field at the onset of ionization is of the order of 0.1 atomic units, and depends on the symmetry of the atomic wave function and on the confinement dimension. By decreasing the confinement sphere, the difference between the bound and ionized states disappears, showing that strict confinement leads to pressure ionization of the atom. The off‐center case is studied characterizing the potential energy surface (PES), and the transition between field‐induced and pressure‐induced ionization is confirmed. Except for very weak fields, the minimum of the PES is reached when the proton is in contact with the boundary of the well.
A chance‐constrained tube‐based model predictive control for tracking linear systems using data‐driven uncertainty sets
Authors: Zhang Shulei , Jia Runda , He Dakuo , Chu Fei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article presents a chance‐constrained tube‐based model predictive control (MPC) method for tracking linear time‐invariant systems based on data‐driven uncertainty sets. By defining the terminal admissible set to consider all the possible steady‐states and reformulating the stochastic tube‐based MPC framework, the proposed method can systematically hedge against the impact of uncertainties and ensure tracking for all reachable operating setpoints. To reduce the conservatism of control performance while enlarging the feasible region, a data‐driven polyhedral uncertainty set is constructed by using the principal component analysis technique, which can effectively capture correlations among uncertain variables. Since state constraint violations in a certain probability are allowed, a probability uncertainty set is constructed by using statistic limit and cutting plane methods to formulate a stochastic tube to ensure constraint satisfaction. The recursive feasibility and stability can be guaranteed if the uncertainties are bounded. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical examples and tracking problems of a thickening process.
A full characterization of invariant embeddability of unimodular planar graphs
Authors: Timár Ádám , Tóth László Márton 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWhen can a unimodular random planar graph be drawn in the Euclidean or the hyperbolic plane in a way that the distribution of the random drawing is isometry‐invariant? This question was answered for one‐ended unimodular graphs in Benjamini and Timar, using the fact that such graphs automatically have locally finite (simply connected) drawings into the plane. For the case of graphs with multiple ends the question was left open. We revisit Halin's graph theoretic characterization of graphs that have a locally finite embedding into the plane. Then we prove that such unimodular random graphs do have a locally finite invariant embedding into the Euclidean or the hyperbolic plane, depending on whether the graph is amenable or not.
Inertial Multi‐Force Deformability Cytometry for High‐Throughput, High‐Accuracy, and High‐Applicability Tumor Cell Mechanotyping
Authors: Chen Yao , Ni Chen , Jiang Lin , Ni Zhonghua , Xiang Nan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious on‐chip technologies for characterizing the cellular mechanical properties often suffer from a low throughput and limited sensitivity. Herein, an inertial multi‐force deformability cytometry (IMFDC) is developed for high‐throughput, high‐accuracy, and high‐applicability tumor cell mechanotyping. Three different deformations, including shear deformations and stretch deformations under different forces, are integrated with the IMFDC. The 3D inertial focusing of cells enables the cells to deform by an identical fluid flow, and 10 parameters, such as cell area, perimeter, deformability, roundness, and rectangle deformability, are obtained in three deformations. The IMFDC is able to evaluate the deformability of different cells that are sensitive to different forces on a single chip, demonstrating the high applicability of the IMFDC in analyzing different cell lines. In identifying cell types, the three deformations exhibit different mechanical responses to cells with different sizes and deformability. A discrimination accuracy of ≈93% for both MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐10A cells and a throughput of ≈500 cells s−1 can be achieved using the multiple‐parameters‐based machine learning model. Finally, the mechanical properties of metastatic tumor cells in pleural and peritoneal effusions are characterized, enabling the practical application of the IMFDC in clinical cancer diagnosis.