bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of loop ZA and Pro371 in the function of yeast Gcn5p bromodomain revealed through molecular dynamics and experiment
Authors: Pizzitutti Francesco , Giansanti Andrea , Ballario Paola , Ornaghi Prisca , Torreri Paola , Ciccotti Giovanni , Filetici Patrizia 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBiological experiments were combined with molecular dynamics simulations to understand the importance of amino acidic residues present in the bromodomain of the yeast histone acetyltransferase Gcn5p. It was found that residue Pro371 plays an important role in the molecular recognition of the acetylated histone H4 tail by Gcn5p bromodomain. Crystallographic analysis of the complex showed that this residue does not directly interact with the histone substrate. It has been demonstrated that a double mutation Pro371Thr and Met372Ala in the Gcn5p bromodomain impairs chromatin remodeling activity. It is demonstrated here that, in this double mutant and in the fully deleted bromodomain strain, there is lower growth under amino acid deprivation conditions. By in vitro surface plasmon resonance (Biacore) experiments it is shown that the binding affinity of the double mutation to acetyl lysine 16 histone H4 peptide decreases. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to explain this loss in acetyl lysine–Gcn5p bromodomain affinity, in the double mutant. By comparing nanosecond molecular dynamics trajectories of the native as well as the single and doubly mutated bromodomain, it is concluded that the presence of Pro371 is important to the functionality of the Gcn5p bromodomain. In the simulation a point mutation involving this highly conserved residue induced an increase in the flexibility of the ZA loop, which in turn modulated the exposure of the binding pocket to the acetyl lysine. The combined double mutations (Pro371Thr‐Met372Ala) not only markedly perturb the motion of the ZA loop but also destabilize the entire structure of the bromodomain. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repair of pig dura in vivo using temperature controlled CO2 laser soldering
Authors: Forer Boaz , Vasilyev Tamar , Brosh Tamar , Kariv Noam , Gil Ziv , Fliss Dan M. , Katzir Abraham 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate that laser soldering might be successfully used for closing holes or cuts in the dura layer, which encapsulates the brain.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA temperature controlled fiberoptic CO2 laser system and albumin solder were used for spot soldering of fascia patches to holes in the dura of farm pigs, in vitro and in vivo.ResultsThe mean burst pressure of the soldered patches in the in vitro experiments was 190 ± 88 mm Hg—significantly higher than typical maximum CSF pressure of 15 mm Hg. In the in vivo experiments the pigs showed no postoperative complications. Histopathological studies exhibited an accepted level of inflammatory reaction and showed no thermal damage to the underlying brain tissue.ConclusionsIt has been clearly demonstrated that temperature controlled laser soldering is a very useful technique for the repair of the dura. It provides significant advantages over standard closure techniques: it is easy to apply, the bond is strong and watertight and the procedure is likely to be much faster than suturing. This research work will lead to clinical trials. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:1–7,2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adsorption and Enthalpic Partition in Liquid Chromatography of Non‐Charged Synthetic Polymers, 3
Authors: Berek Dušan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSummary: Two kinds of retention mechanisms of polystyrene (PS) macromolecules are considered in liquid chromatography (LC) applying alkane‐bonded silica gel phases as column packings. They are based on non‐polar interactions between polymer segments and alkane groups, which lead to adsorption of polymer species on the surface situated between bonded alkane groups and eluent on the one hand (interphase adsorption) and to partition of macromolecules between bonded phase volume and eluent (enthalpic partition) on the other hand. The roles of both retention mechanisms were assessed for PS species with different molar masses and several series of binary eluents. Bare silica and C‐1, C‐4, C‐8, as well as C‐18‐bonded phases were compared. The results demonstrated that the eluent had to be a thermodynamically poor solvent for macromolecules to push them onto/into the bonded phase. However, no quantitative dependence between the eluent's thermodynamic quality for macromolecules and the extent of retention of polymer species was found. Similarly, no correlation was identified between eluent quality and prevailing retention mechanism – either interphase adsorption on the trimethylsilylated silica gel or interphase adsorption plus enthalpic partition in the case of C‐4, C‐8 and C‐18‐bonded phases. The explanation is to be sought in the actual “composition” of the preferentially solvated macromolecules and bonded alkane groups. The bonded phase probably has to be a slightly better “solvent” than the eluent for a polymer species to cause their retention. Enthalpic partition of PS plays an especially important role in DMF/THF mixed eluents. The results indicate, however, that only three to five terminal CH2 groups plus the methyl end‐group take part in the enthalpic partition process. This means that silica gel bonded with shorter alkane groups may be advantageous compared to the C‐18 packings in some coupled high performance liquid chromatography methods for synthetic polymers, combining entropic and enthalpic retention mechanisms.log Vh vs. VR for bare Kromasil (▪), as well as for C‐18 (♦), C‐8 (▾), C‐4 (▴) and C‐1 (•) phases.magnified imagelog Vh vs. VR for bare Kromasil (▪), as well as for C‐18 (♦), C‐8 (▾), C‐4 (▴) and C‐1 (•) phases.
Can the research presented at the annual conference help to define the association? An exploratory study
Authors: Mackenzie Maureen L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA professional association can be defined by its membership, its mission and a variety of different offerings, services, characteristics and attributes. One such characteristic is the research that is presented at the annual conference and published in the proceedings. The intent of this paper is to explore whether there has been a change in the basic research presented and published at the ASIS&T annual conference since the association's name change in 2000. Is more empirical research being presented? Has there been any measurable shift from theoretical to empirical?
Web‐based and print journal‐based scholarly communication in the XML research field: A look at the intellectual structure
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAs part of a research project that aims to identify the similarities and differences between Web‐based and print journal‐based scholarly communication, this paper compares the intellectual structure of the XML research field revealed from author co‐citation analysis of research papers published on the Web as indexed by ResearchIndex and that derived from print journals as indexed by SCI. Considerable differences are observed and some media specific features are identified. Results from this study demonstrate the importance and the feasibility of the use of multiple data sources in citation analysis studies of scholarly communication, and evidence for a developing “two‐tier” scholarly communication system.
Design, development, and implementation of a Texas library directory database: A multipurpose database for the library of Texas
Authors: Lopatovska Irene V. , Oguz Fatih , Moen William E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe paper presents an overview of the Texas Library Directory Database development effort. The TLDD was designed and implemented by the Texas Center for Digital Knowledge at the University of North Texas team as part of a project for the Texas State Library and Archives Commission to support the Library of Texas Resource Discovery Service. The TLDD offers a unique centralized controlled environment to collect a wide range of information about Texas libraries, to manage these data, and to offer a common repository of current information about Texas libraries for use by various TSLAC divisions, members of the Texas library community and library users. The paper examines issues that shaped the development of the TLDD, such as an international standard for directories of libraries, archives, information and documentation centre, and their databases (ISO2146); selection of the open source technical platform for the database and interface applications development; availability and quality of the data sources available to populate the database, etc. Challenges encountered during the project and suggestions for future library directory database development efforts are described.
Blogarians—A new breed of librarians
Authors: Bar‐llan Judit 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis study examines the value of blogs as information dissemination tools. We based our finding on blogs created by libraries, librarians or information professionals. A relatively exhaustive list of blogs written in English was compiled from data obtained from several lists/directories. The blogs were extensively characterized considering several aspects. The findings indicate that blogs have a high professional potential and are a novel information channel for transferring information both to fellow professionals and to other users of the Web. The main challenge at this point of time is to increase the readership of these blogs.
The hidden impacts of anti‐spam measures and their contribution to the digital divide: An exploratory study
Authors: Lueg Christopher P. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractProliferation of unrestricted Internet access has brought the community unsolicited commercial email, better known as spam. Underestimated for quite some time, spam is now recognized as a problem costing the community billions of dollars per annum. One of the direct impacts of the spam flood is the widespread deployment of anti‐spam measures, such as email filters and block lists. In this paper, we summarize scholarly and anecdotal evidence suggesting that apart from reducing the spam load, anti‐spam measures are also undermining the email system in terms of reliability and usability. Furthermore, we discuss findings suggesting that anti‐spam measures are also contributing to establishing a digital divide between those having a choice as to how they access email (both from a technical perspective and an educational point of view) and those who are not in this favorable position.
Socio‐Technical interaction networks as a tool for understanding digital libraries
Authors: Rosenbaum Howard , Joung KyoungHee 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we propose that the Socio‐Technical Interaction Network (STIN) model is a useful concept to use when studying digital libraries. We extend the model to bring people into the STIN by incorporating the concept of enrollment strategies. Three different types of enrollment strategies are described that differ according to the kinds of interaction they require. The STIN model is then used to analyze the Library of Congress' American Memory Project, which, by many measures, is a successful digital library. Three examples of enrollment strategies used in the American Memory Project are described. The paper concludes with an argument that this version of the STIN model can help us understand how successful digital libraries work.
Exploring users' video relevance criteria—A pilot study
Authors: Yang Meng , Marchionini Gary 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRelevance is one of the most fundamental concepts in information science. However, among the large body of relevance literature, very little of the research studied users' relevance judgments when concerning video. The pilot study described in this paper conducted exploratory work in this direction. The time‐line interviewing method proposed by Dervin (1992) was applied in the study due to its exploratory and descriptive nature. Four participants were interviewed in early 2003, including a professor in communication studies, an art professor, a news video librarian and a video editor. Using inductive content analysis methods, three categories of relevance judgment criteria were summarized: textual (e.g., topicality, recency, and nationality), visual (e.g., cinematography, objects/events, and style) and implicit (e.g., interest, familiarity, and appropriateness). Topicality was still considered the most important criteria for video relevance judgments, however, users also liked to see visual surrogates, especially those surrogates that contained motion. A more formal study is planned, and we expect that the results will not only enrich the relevance literature but also have implications for video indexing and retrieval research.
Reading and searching digital documents: An experimental analysis of the effects of image quality on user performance and perceived effort
Authors: Dillon Andrew , Kleinman Lisa , Bias Randolph , Choi Gil Ok , Turnbull Don 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAs increasing amounts of information are viewed, read and manipulated digitally, many users still report performance and satisfaction costs with digital documents compared to paper equivalents. While many factors impact this process, image quality has been assumed by many to have relatively little impact once current screen display standards are maintained. We test this hypothesis by comparing users on a variety of routine information tasks performed on standard and enhanced screen displays. Using Microsoft ClearType, a font technology which enhances text display resolution by accessing vertical color stripes at the pixel level, we examined user performance on reading, editing and searching tasks with routine office applications. Results suggest that for tasks involving lengthy eye‐on‐text interaction (e.g., reading for comprehension) advances in image quality can still yield significant improvements in performance for most users.
A flexible image browsing interface tester: Design, implementation and preliminary results in a face recognition test
Authors: Jörgensen Peter E. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a software tool for exploring factors that affect image browsing. The tool, which can present images in storyboard or slideshow formats, can easily be configured to change the size of the images, the display rate, and other parameters of interest. Results of a preliminary experiment involving 26 subjects using the slideshow mode support earlier findings and are reported.
An architecture for SCS: A specialized web crawler on the topic of security
Authors: Özmutlu H. Cenk , Özmutlu Seda 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMining for correct and relevant information in the World Wide Web is a difficult task, handled by Web crawlers. This study outlines the components of a specialized crawler on the topic of security (SCS) that heavily makes use of artificial neural networks and rule‐based expert systems to establish successful focused crawling on the topic of security. SCS is designed to find, index and follow the updates of Web pages of interest, and proposes new approaches for reaching relevant pages, which might stay hidden to other crawling approaches. SCS consists of four new page explorers, a database of relevant pages, a relevance evaluator using artificial neural networks and an updater using rule‐based expert systems. SCS is a multi‐threaded multi‐object Java Applet and Application combination with embedded SQL and PHP elements and is applicable on single or multiple machines through parallel processing with its expandable and modular structure.
Exploring the use of natural language systems for fact identification: Towards the automatic construction of healthcare portals
Authors: Peck Frederick A. , Bhavnani Suresh K. , Blackmon Marilyn H. , Radev Dragomir R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn prior work we observed that expert searchers follow well‐defined search procedures in order to obtain comprehensive information on the Web. Motivated by that observation, we developed a prototype domain portal called the Strategy Hub that provides expert search procedures to benefit novice searchers. The search procedures in the prototype were entirely handcrafted by search experts, making further expansion of the Strategy Hub cost‐prohibitive. However, a recent study on the distribution of healthcare information on the web suggested that search procedures can be automatically generated from pages that have been rated based on the extent to which they cover facts relevant to a topic.This paper presents the results of experiments designed to automate the process of rating the extent to which a page covers relevant facts. To automatically generate these ratings, we used two natural language systems, Latent Semantic Analysis and MEAD, to compute the similarity between sentences on the page and each fact. We then used an algorithm to convert these similarity scores to a single rating that represents the extent to which the page covered each fact.These automatic ratings are compared with manual ratings using inter‐rater reliability statistics. Analysis of these statistics reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each tool, and suggests avenues for improvement.
Designing and developing an automatic interactive keyphrase extraction system with Unified Modeling Language (UML)
Authors: Song Min , Song Il‐Yeol , Hu Xiaohua 
Published: September 2005

AbstractDesigning and developing a system that assists the users in digesting and understanding information available has been a difficult challenge. In this paper, we discuss the design and development of an automatic interactive keyphrase extraction system, called KPSpotter, which is capable of processing various formats of data such as XML, HTML, and plain text through Internet. KPSpotter combines Information Gain data mining measure and several Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, such as Part of Speech (POS) technique and First Occurrence of Term. To improve extraction accuracy, WordNet is incorporated into KPSpotter. In designing and developing KPSpotter we utilized Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML modeling helps in the formalization of the preliminary analysis model and accomplishes iterative system design and development. We also conducted experiments for system performance testing by comparing keyphrases extracted by KPSPotter and KEA, a well‐known naïve Baysiean‐based keyphrase extraction system. The experiments show that KPSpotter outperforms KEA in most test cases.
Cross evaluation—A pilot application of a new evaluation mechanism
Authors: Sun Ying , Kantor Paul , Strzalkowski Tomek , Rittman Robert , Wacholder Nina 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe work reports some initial success in extending the Rutgers Paradigm of IR evaluation to the realm of concrete measurement, not in information retrieval per se, but in the arguably more complex domain of Question Answering. Crucial to the paradigm are two components: cross evaluation, and an analytical model that controls for the potential problems of cross evaluation. We describe the experimental design and analytical models. In the models, interaction effects are examined and found not to be important. After eliminating the interaction effects, we are able to extract meaningful and useful results from a very small study involving just three analysts, five topics, and two “systems”.
The potential of the metasearch engine
Authors: Davison Brian D. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractResearch into metasearch engines has traditionally been focused on source engine selection and the re‐ranking and integration of multiple search engines' results. In this paper we describe existing and new techniques that metasearch engines can apply to broaden the services provided to the searcher, by capturing and analyzing information already flowing through the meteasearch engine—the queries, their results, and the clicks made by users. In addition, we demonstrate the potential for the engine to generate related queries, related pages, and to recommend queries for web site builders to target through optimization or advertising.
Enhancing the virtual storytelling experience with metadata driven voice enabled conversational agents
Authors: Figa Elizabeth , Tarau Paul , Ephraim Jesse 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis paper describes a software component deployed as a Web service which enhances a user's online experience with a Virtual Storytelling Library through the use of voice‐enabled Web‐based conversational agents. The agents extract query answering information from story‐specific XML/RDFmetadata files and expand its coverage through inferences based on a variety of knowledge sources like the WordNet, Open Mind and by metasearching the Web for topics matching the story's content.
Encoded archival description (EAD): Adoption and implementation
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Yakel Elizabeth 
Published: September 2005

AbstractEncoded Archival Description (EAD) provides archival researchers with more in‐depth content‐related and contextual information than was previously available anywhere but in the physical repository. This has led to its use throughout the United States and in many other countries to increase access to archival and manuscript collections. Furthermore, EAD is one means of managing metadata that describe digital objects linked to archival finding aids. In spite of these potential benefits, the archival community in the United States has embraced EAD slowly. This paper examined EAD adoption in the U.S. and reports on a survey of 399 archives and manuscript repositories that participated in EAD educational workshops from 1993–2002. Among the factors found to be related to EAD adoption were prior adoption of the MARC format for the description of archival or manuscript materials and professional staff size. Implementation issues affecting adoption included the different technologies and skills required for encoding and display of finding aids and the lack of a consensus on either encoding software or display options.
Task‐based evaluation of associative thesaurus in real‐life environment
Authors: Nielsen Marianne Lykke 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe paper concerns the development and design of retrieval thesauri. It explores the possibilities of improving user interaction by enriching retrieval thesauri by word associations. An experimental retrieval test is carried out in a real‐life environment in order to explore and evaluate how associatively derived thesaurus terms affect user interactions and user satisfaction. The study shows that word associations may result in a usable and workable thesaurus. The method provides current, relevant and domain‐specific information, making it possible to develop thesauri reflecting the knowledge domain in which they are acting.