bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA variability of West New Guinea populations
Authors: Tommaseo‐Ponzetta M. , Attimonelli M. , De Robertis M. , Tanzariello F. , Saccone C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports human mitochondrial DNA variability in West New Guinea (the least known, western side of the island of New Guinea), not yet described from a molecular perspective. The study was carried out on 202 subjects from 12 ethnic groups, belonging to six different Papuan language families, representative of both mountain and coastal plain areas. Mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 (HVS 1) and the presence of the 9‐bp deletion (intergenic region COII‐tRNALys) were investigated. HVS 1 sequencing identified 73 polymorphic sites defining 89 haplotypes; the 9‐bp deletion, which is considered a marker of Austronesian migration in the Pacific, was found to be absent in the whole West New Guinea study sample.Statistical analysis applied to the resulting haplotypes reveal high heterogeneity and an intersecting distribution of genetic variability in these populations, despite their cultural and geographic diversity. The results of subsequent phylogenetic approaches subdivide mtDNA diversity in West New Guinea into three main clusters (groups I–III), defined by sets of polymorphisms which are also shared by some individuals from Papua New Guinea. Comparisons with worldwide HVS 1 sequences stored in the MitBASE database show the absence of these patterns outside Oceania and a few Indonesian subjects, who also lack the 9‐bp deletion. This finding, which is consistent with the effects of genetic drift and prolonged isolation of West New Guinea populations, lead us to regard these patterns as New Guinea population markers, which may harbor the genetic memory of the earliest human migrations to the island. Am J Phys Anthropol 117:49–67, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic and environmental correlations between various anthropometric and blood pressure traits among adult Samoans
Authors: Choh A.C. , Gage T.B. , McGarvey S.T. , Comuzzie A.G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractShared polygenic effects (i.e., pleiotropy) are assumed to exist for such obesity‐related phenotypes as blood pressure and adiposity. It is possible to identify these shared genetic effects through bivariate genetic analyses. This analysis of 1,342 adult Samoans, across 801 pedigrees, indicates that significant heritable components (P < 0.05) ranging from 29–58% exist for weight, height, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, body mass index, and sum of skinfolds. In general, the anthropometric measurements share additive genetic effects, as do the anthropometric measures, with blood pressure. Heritabilities for central fat distribution are not significant in this population, which could be due to a lack of power. On the other hand, heritabilities have been found in Hispanics; hence the genes responsible for central fat distribution may not be evenly distributed among populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 115:304–311, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of dentition in prehistoric Ohio Valley Native Americans III. Metrics of deciduous dentition
Authors: Sciulli Paul W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDeciduous tooth size in Native Americans of the Ohio Valley area is fairly stable from the terminal Late Archaic (3200 BP) through the Late Prehistoric (350 BP) periods. Some fluctuation in average size did occur during this time. These fluctuations most likely reflect random changes due to gene drift. However, no difference in the pattern of interactions among the sizes of teeth (covariance structures) can be demonstrated during this period. Principal components analysis of the buccolingual and mesiodistal dimensions in the total sample indicate that the major axis of deciduous tooth size in the Ohio Valley population shows an allometric relationship, with the dimensions of the anterior teeth increasing (or decreasing) as the 1.33 power of the dimension of m and as the 2.0 power of the dimension of m. Comparison of the Ohio Valley samples with other samples from the Eastern Woodlands suggests that geography may have played a minor role in structuring deciduous tooth size variation. For the most part, however, widely separated Eastern Woodlands populations appear to have been evolving independently with respect to deciduous tooth size. Am J Phys Anthropol 116:140–153, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and clinical correlation in five Indian families with spinocerebellar ataxia 12
Authors: Srivastava Achal K. , Choudhry Shweta , Gopinath Musuwadi S. , Roy Sanghamitra , Tripathi Manjari , Brahmachari Samir K. , Jain Satish 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia 12 (SCA12) is a recently identified form of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia associated with the expansion of an unstable CAG repeat in the 5′ untranslated region of the gene PPP2R2B. We analyzed 77 Indian families with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia phenotype and confirmed the diagnosis of SCA12 in 5 families, which included a total of 6 patients and 21 family members. The sizes of the expanded alleles ranged from 55 to 69 CAG repeats, and the sizes of the normal alleles ranged from 7 to 31 repeats. We believe our study is the first to demonstrate that SCA12 may not be as rare in some populations as previously thought.
Upregulation of choline acetyltransferase activity in hippocampus and frontal cortex of elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: DeKosky Steven T. , Ikonomovic Milos D. , Styren Scot D. , Beckett Laurel , Wisniewski Stephen , Bennett David A. , Cochran Elizabeth J. , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Mufson Elliott J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), loss of cortical and hippocampal choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity has been correlated with dementia severity and disease duration, and it forms the basis for current therapies. However, the extent to which reductions in ChAT activity are associated with early cognitive decline has not been well established. We quantified ChAT activity in the hippocampus and four cortical regions (superior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, and anterior cingulate) of 58 individuals diagnosed with no cognitive impairment (NCI; n = 26; mean age 81.4 ± 7.3 years), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 18; mean age 84.5 ± 5.7), or mild AD (n =14; mean age 86.3 ± 6.6). Inferior parietal cortex ChAT activity was also assessed in 12 subjects with end‐stage AD (mean age 81.4 ± 4.3 years) and compared to inferior parietal cortex ChAT levels of the other three groups. Only the end‐stage AD group had ChAT levels reduced below normal. In individuals with MCI and mild AD, ChAT activity was unchanged in the inferior parietal, superior temporal, and anterior cingulate cortices compared to NCI. In contrast, ChAT activity in the superior frontal cortex was significantly elevated above normal controls in MCI subjects, whereas the mild AD group was not different from NCI or MCI. Hippocampal ChAT activity was significantly higher in MCI subjects than in either NCI or AD. Our results suggest that cognitive deficits in MCI and early AD are not associated with the loss of ChAT and occur despite regionally specific upregulation. Thus, the earliest cognitive deficits in AD involve brain changes other than simply cholinergic system loss. Of importance, the cholinergic system is capable of compensatory responses during the early stage of dementia. The upregulation in frontal cortex and hippocampal ChAT activity could be an important factor in preventing the transition of MCI subjects to AD.
Insular cortex involvement in mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy: A positron emission tomography study
Authors: Bouilleret Viviane , Dupont Sophie , Spelle Laurent , Baulac Michel , Samson Yves , Semah Frank 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSomesthetic and emotional symptoms that are common in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy are usually related to hippocampo‐amygdalar complex involvement. Recent stereo‐electroencephalographic studies have shown a relationship between such symptoms and epileptic insular discharges. To further investigate this problem, we carried out a positron emission tomography study using fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) and flumazenil (11C‐FMZ) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. The aim of our study was to assess the existence of a cortical insular involvement in order to examine its clinical correlates and the relationship between the postoperative outcome and the insular involvement. Fluorodeoxyglucose and flumazenil‐positron emission tomography studies were carried out in 18 patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy patients. A statistical parametric mapping (SPM96) was performed to analyze the data in comparison to 18 healthy volunteers. For each set of fluorodeoxyglucose and flumazenil images a group and an individual analysis were performed. In addition, a region of interest analysis was performed to validate the results. Focusing on the metabolic abnormalities, we also investigated the role of insular cortex in the symptoms experienced by the patients and the prognostic value of insular metabolic abnormalities. Highly significant hypometabolism and BZR binding decreases were detected in the insular cortex. Results were similar using the region of interest approach. Insular involvement (mainly ipsilateral to the seizure focus) was present in 60% of the patients. Emotional symptoms correlated with hypometabolism in the anterior part of the ipsilateral insular cortex, whereas somesthetic symptoms correlated with hypometabolism in the posterior part. No relationship between postoperative outcome and ipsilateral insular hypometabolism was found. Unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with insular hypometabolism and benzodiazepine receptor loss. Our results also suggest that the anterior part of the insular cortex is involved in the emotional symptoms and the posterior insular cortex is involved in the somesthetic symptoms. Hypometabolism located in the insula did not influence postoperative outcome after anterior lobectomy.
Prognostic accuracy of cerebral blood flow measurement by perfusion computed tomography, at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients
Authors: Wintermark Max , Reichhart Marc , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Maeder Philippe , Chalaron Marc , Schnyder Pierre , Bogousslavsky Julien , Meuli Reto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic accuracy of perfusion computed tomography (CT), performed at the time of emergency room admission, in acute stroke patients. Accuracy was determined by comparison of perfusion CT with delayed magnetic resonance (MR) and by monitoring the evolution of each patient's clinical condition. Twenty‐two acute stroke patients underwent perfusion CT covering four contiguous 10mm slices on admission, as well as delayed MR, performed after a median interval of 3 days after emergency room admission. Eight were treated with thrombolytic agents. Infarct size on the admission perfusion CT was compared with that on the delayed diffusion‐weighted (DWI)–MR, chosen as the gold standard. Delayed magnetic resonance angiography and perfusion‐weighted MR were used to detect recanalization. A potential recuperation ratio, defined as PRR = penumbra size/(penumbra size + infarct size) on the admission perfusion CT, was compared with the evolution in each patient's clinical condition, defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In the 8 cases with arterial recanalization, the size of the cerebral infarct on the delayed DWI‐MR was larger than or equal to that of the infarct on the admission perfusion CT, but smaller than or equal to that of the ischemic lesion on the admission perfusion CT; and the observed improvement in the NIHSS correlated with the PRR (correlation coefficient = 0.833). In the 14 cases with persistent arterial occlusion, infarct size on the delayed DWI‐MR correlated with ischemic lesion size on the admission perfusion CT (r = 0.958). In all 22 patients, the admission NIHSS correlated with the size of the ischemic area on the admission perfusion CT (r = 0.627). Based on these findings, we conclude that perfusion CT allows the accurate prediction of the final infarct size and the evaluation of clinical prognosis for acute stroke patients at the time of emergency evaluation. It may also provide information about the extent of the penumbra. Perfusion CT could therefore be a valuable tool in the early management of acute stroke patients.
Sporadic Pick's disease: A tauopathy characterized by a spectrum of pathological τ isoforms in gray and white matter
Authors: Zhukareva Victoria , Mann David , Pickering‐Brown Stuart , Uryu Kunihiro , Shuck Theresa , Shah Keyur , Grossman Murray , Miller Bruce L. , Hulette Christine M. , Feinstein Stuart C. , Trojanowski John Q. , Lee Virginia M.‐Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPick's disease is characterized neuropathologically by distinct τ‐immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions known as Pick bodies and by insoluble τ proteins with predominantly three microtubule‐binding repeat τ isoforms. However, recent immunohistochemical studies showed that the antibody specific for exon 10, which encodes the fourth microtubule‐binding repeat, detected other τ lesions in Pick's disease. To better define the spectrum of τ pathology in Pick's disease, we used biochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural techniques to analyze the τ isoform composition in 14 Pick's disease brains. Western blot analysis showed that both three and four microtubule‐binding repeat pathological τ isoforms are present in gray and white matter of various brain regions. Using phosphorylation‐dependent anti‐τ antibodies, we show that major τ phosphoepitopes are present in sarcosyl‐insoluble gray and white matter regions of Pick's disease brains. Also, for the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrated that isoforms with four microtubule‐binding repeat τ isoforms are present in Pick bodies from selected brains. Isolated τ filaments were straight or twisted and formed by three microtubule‐binding repeat or four microtubule‐binding repeat τ isoforms. Major τ phosphorylation–dependent and exon 10–specific epitopes were present in filaments. Therefore, Pick's disease is characterized by an accumulations of Pick bodies in the hippocampal region and cortex as well as the presence of three and four microtubule‐binding repeat τ pathology in both cortical gray and white matter that distinguish this tauopathy from other neurodegenerative disorders.
ANNA‐3 anti‐neuronal nuclear antibody: Marker of lung cancer‐related autoimmunity
Authors: Chan Koon Ho , Vernino Steven , Lennon Vanda A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo anti‐neuronal nuclear antibodies (ANNA‐1 and ANNA‐2) are markers of paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity related to small‐cell carcinoma. ANNA‐2 is also related to breast carcinoma. Here we define a third IgG specificity (ANNA‐3), identified in 11 patients (10 adults) by immunofluorescence screening of sera from approximately 68,000 patients with suspected paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. ANNA‐3 binds prominently to nuclei of cerebellar Purkinje neurons, not to cytoplasm, granular neurons, or enteric neurons, but distinctively to renal glomerular podocytes. Western blots revealed an approximately 170 kDa antigen, in cerebellum and small‐cell carcinoma. IgG eluted from this protein reproduced Purkinje and podocyte nuclear staining. ANNA‐2 in 8 of 32 cases bound to podocyte nuclei but not to the 170 kDa protein. Healthy subjects and control neurological and cancer patients lack ANNA‐3. Neurological accompaniments, subacute and usually multifocal, included sensory/sensorimotor neuropathies, cerebellar ataxia, myelopathy, brain stem and limbic encephalopathy. All of 9 adults followed had an intrathoracic neoplasm, seven biopsied within 7 months (five small‐cell lung carcinomas and two adenocarcinomas, one lung, one esophagus) and two imaged, one early, the other 3 years later. Thus, immunohistochemical and Western blot criteria can now identify six IgG markers of neurological autoimmunity related to small‐cell carcinoma, their frequency being ANNA‐1 > collapsin response‐mediator protein‐5 > amphiphysin > Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody‐2 = ANNA‐2 = ANNA‐3.
A nitric oxide donor induces neurogenesis and reduces functional deficits after stroke in rats
Authors: Zhang Ruilan , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhenggang , Wang Ying , Lu Mei , LaPointe Margot , Chopp Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe adult rodent brain is capable of generating neuronal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone, and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, throughout the life of the animal. Signals that regulate progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration are not well known. We report that administration of a nitric oxide donor, (Z)‐1‐[N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐N‐(2‐ammonioethyl) aminio]diazen‐1‐ium‐1,2‐diolate (DETA/NONOate), to young adult rats significantly increases cell proliferation and migration in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus. Treatment with DETA/NONOate also increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Furthermore, administration of DETA/NONOate to rats subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion significantly increases cell proliferation and migration in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus, and these rats exhibit significant improvements of neurological outcome during recovery from ischemic stroke. Administration of DETA/NONOate significantly increases cortical levels of guanosine monophosphate both in ischemic and nonischemic rats, supporting the role of nitric oxide in promoting cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Thus, our data indicate that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of progenitor cells and neurogenesis in the adult brain. This suggests that nitric oxide delivered to the brain well after stroke may have therapeutic benefits.
Properties of cellulose/PAN blend membrane
Authors: He Chunju , Pang Fengjian , Wang Qingrui 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe water flux of a cellulose/PAN blend membrane increased with the PAN content, while retention to glucosan T40 decreased. The water flux decreased and the retention increased with the whole solid content. The membrane obtained had a high ability to remove creatinine and urea. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3105–3111, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10021
Synthesis of multifunctional polypropylene via solid phase cografting and its grafting mechanism
Authors: Zhang Li‐Feng , Guo Bao‐Hua , Zhang Zeng‐Min 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFunctional monomers, maleic anhydride (MAH) and vinyl acetate (VAc), were used as comonomers in the solid‐phase grafting of polypropylene (PP). Quantitative determination of the graft level of both MAH and VAc performed by titration and FTIR methods allowed for a good appreciation of the interaction of MAH and VAc. A product with high‐graft level of both VAc and MAH was obtained when the feeding molar ratio of MAH/VAc approached 1 : 1. The melt flow rate (MFR) of the grafted PP decreased with the increase in the feeding amount of VAc. It was proposed that MAH and VAc molecules could form a kind of stable transition state during the graft polymerization and that the reactivity of both monomers were enhanced. The resulting multifunctional PP offers possibility for the development of novel PP‐based polymer blends and composites, thus extending the application field of PP. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 929–935, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10121
Properties of cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy cured by diacids and anhydride
Authors: Shau Min‐Da , Lin Cho‐Wing , Yang Wan‐Hsu , Lin Hong‐Ru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew phosphorylated epoxy polymers were obtained with a cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy, 10‐phenylphenoxaphosphine‐3,8‐diglycidylester‐10‐oxide (EPCAO), cured with three types of curing agents: N,N′‐(4,4′‐diphenylsulfone)bis(trimellitimide) (DIDA), 10‐phenylphenoxaphosphine‐3,8‐dicarboxylic acid‐10‐oxide (PACO), and phthalic anhydride (PA). In addition, compositions of the new EPCAO synthesized with these three curing agents (DIDA, PACO, and PA) were used to make a comparison of EPCAO's curing reactivities and heat and flame retardancy with those of Epon828 and DEN438. The reactivities were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Through the evaluation of thermogravimetric analysis, those polymers that were obtained through the curing reactions between the cyclic phosphine oxide epoxy resin and the three curing agents mentioned also demonstrated excellent thermal properties and a high char yield. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 950–961, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10146
Applications of bifunctional aldehydes to improve paper wet strength
Authors: Xu Gordon Guozhong , Yang Charles Qixiang , Deng Yulin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlyoxal and glutaraldehyde behave very differently for improving wet strength of paper. It is found that glyoxal is very efficient for improving temporary wet strength of paper without the presence of a catalyst and exposure to elevated temperatures. When a metal salt, such as Zn(NO3)2, is used as a catalyst and the curing temperature is increased, the durable wet strength of glyoxal‐treated paper increases at the expense of its flexibility, as shown by reduced stretch and folding endurance. Glutaraldehyde is not able to provide any improvement in wet strength to paper, even under high curing temperatures, provided no catalyst is used. With the aid of a metal salt catalyst, glutaraldehyde imparts excellent durable wet strength to paper without significantly sacrificing folding endurance, and the wet strength of glutaraldehyde‐treated paper increases steadily as curing temperature increases. The different behavior of glyoxal and glutaraldehyde may be attributed to their different reactivity toward cellulose. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2539–2547, 2002
Solid‐state structure of thermally crystallized syndiotactic polystyrene
Authors: Hodge K. , Prodpran T. , Shenogina N. B. , Nazarenko S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe solid‐state structure of syndiotactic polystyrene (s‐PS) after crystallization from the melt and the glassy state was examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. It was possible to prepare semicrystalline s‐PS containing either the pure α‐ or the pure β‐crystalline form by melt crystallizing s‐PS from 280 or 330°C. The measurements confirmed the low density of both crystalline forms, which in the case of α‐crystalline form was smaller and in the case of β‐crystalline form was only slightly larger than the density of the glassy amorphous s‐PS. An endeavor to introduce the crystalline phase in s‐PS through cold crystallization at constant temperature above the glass transition resulted in a complex ordered phase. This ordered phase, depending on the crystallization temperature, contained the planar chain mesomorphic phase and the α‐crystalline phase with a low degree of perfection (cold crystallization in the range 120–175°C) or a mixture of the α‐ and β‐crystalline forms with a high degree of perfection (cold crystallization in the range 210–260°C). The combination of DSC and X‐ray measurements enabled us to resolve the complex ordered structure in semicrystalline s‐PS after cold crystallization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2705–2715, 2002