bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of skull-base invasion by nasopharyngeal tumors on CT with a deep-learning approach
Authors: Nakagawa Junichi , Fujima Noriyuki , Hirata Kenji , Harada Taisuke , Wakabayashi Naoto , Takano Yuki , Homma Akihiro , Kano Satoshi , Minowa Kazuyuki , Kudo Kohsuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to diagnose skull-base invasion by nasopharyngeal malignancies in CT images and evaluate the model’s diagnostic performance.

Materials and methods
We divided 100 malignant nasopharyngeal tumor lesions into a training (n = 70) and a test (n = 30) dataset. Two head/neck radiologists reviewed CT and MRI images and determined the positive/negative skull-base invasion status of each case (training dataset: 29 invasion-positive and 41 invasion-negative; test dataset: 13 invasion-positive and 17 invasion-negative). Preprocessing involved extracting continuous slices of the nasopharynx and clivus. The preprocessed training dataset was used for transfer learning with Residual Neural Networks 50 to create a diagnostic CNN model, which was then tested on the preprocessed test dataset to determine the invasion status and model performance. Original CT images from the test dataset were reviewed by a radiologist with extensive head/neck imaging experience (senior reader: SR) and another less-experienced radiologist (junior reader: JR). Gradient-weighted class activation maps (Grad-CAMs) were created to visualize the explainability of the invasion status classification.

Results
The CNN model’s diagnostic accuracy was 0.973, significantly higher than those of the two radiologists (SR: 0.838; JR: 0.595). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis gave an area under the curve of 0.953 for the CNN model (versus 0.832 and 0.617 for SR and JR; both p < 0.05). The Grad-CAMs suggested that the invasion-negative cases were present predominantly in bone marrow, while the invasion-positive cases exhibited osteosclerosis and nasopharyngeal masses.

Conclusions
This CNN technique would be useful for CT-based diagnosis of skull-base invasion by nasopharyngeal malignancies.
Conception and prospective multicentric validation of a Robotic Surgery Training Curriculum (RoSTraC) for surgical residents: from simulation via laboratory training to integration into the operation room
Authors: Thomaschewski Michael , Kist Markus , Zimmermann Markus , Benecke Claudia , Kalff Jörg C. , Krüger Colin M. , Mann Benno , Türler Andreas , Keck Tobias , Hummel Richard 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is a lack of training curricula and educational concepts for robotic-assisted surgery (RAS). It remains unclear how surgical residents can be trained in this new technology and how robotics can be integrated into surgical residency training. The conception of a training curriculum for RAS addressing surgical residents resulted in a three-step training curriculum including multimodal learning contents: basics and simulation training of RAS (step 1), laboratory training on the institutional robotic system (step 2) and structured on-patient training in the operating room (step 3). For all three steps, learning content and video tutorials are provided via cloud-based access to allow self-contained training of the trainees. A prospective multicentric validation study was conducted including seven surgical residents. Transferability of acquired skills to a RAS procedure were analyzed using the GEARS score. All participants successfully completed RoSTraC within 1 year. Transferability of acquired RAS skills could be demonstrated using a RAS gastroenterostomy on a synthetic biological organ model. GEARS scores concerning this procedure improved significantly after completion of RoSTraC (17.1 (±5.8) vs. 23.1 (±4.9), p < 0.001). In step 3 of RoSTraC, all participants performed a median of 12 (range 5–21) RAS procedures on the console in the operation room. RoSTraC provides a highly standardized and comprehensive training curriculum for RAS for surgical residents. We could demonstrate that participating surgical residents acquired fundamental and advanced RAS skills. Finally, we could confirm that all surgical residents were successfully and safely embedded into the local RAS team.
What do nurses experience in communication when assisting in robotic surgery: an integrative literature review
Authors: Lee Lian , Greenway Kathleen , Schutz Sue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Communication in surgery is integral to the fundamentals of perioperative nursing practice and
patient safety. Research exploring team communication in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is evident in the literature
but little attention has been focused on how the experiences of operating room nurses' communication affect safety,
practice and patient care outcomes.

Objective
To synthesise current evidence regarding communication during robotic-assisted surgery as
experienced by registered nurses.

Design
An integrative literature review informed by Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology was used to
conduct a rigorous analysis and synthesis of evidence.

Methods
A comprehensive database search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL, Pubmed,
PsychINFO and British Nursing Web of Science databases were searched using a Boolean strategy.

Results
Twenty-five relevant papers were included in this literature review. Thematic analysis revealed two main
themes with four related subthemes. The two main themes are: ‘Adaptive operating room nursing in RAS’ and ‘RAS
alters team dynamics’. The four subthemes are: ‘Navigating disruptions in RAS’, ‘RAS heightens interdependence
on team working’, ‘Augmented communicative workflow in RAS’, and ‘Professional empowerment to speak up’.

Conclusions
This integrative review identifies how current research largely focuses on communication in the
wider OR team. However, current evidence lacks the input of nurses. Therefore, further evidence is needed to
explore nurses' experiences to highlight their perspectives.

Clinical Relevance
Robotics significantly benefit patients, and this review identifies different challenges that
robotic-assisted surgery nurses encounter. A better understanding of the communication from the perspective of
nurses is needed to guide future research, practice education, policy development and leadership/management.
Associations Between Personality and Mental Health Among Royal Canadian Mounted Police Cadets
Authors: Andrews Katie L. , Jamshidi Laleh , Nisbet Jolan , Afifi Tracie O. , Sauer-Zavala Shannon , Kratzig Gregory P. , Teckchandani Taylor A. , Neary J. Patrick , Carleton R. Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRoyal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) report frequent exposures to diverse potentially psychological traumatic events (PPTEs) that can lead to symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health disorders. Personality traits may partially inform the substantial mental health challenges reported by serving RCMP. The current study examines associations between HEXACO personality factor and facet-level dimensions and mental health disorders of RCMP cadets starting the Cadet Training Program (CTP). RCMP cadets (n = 772) starting the CTP self-reported sociodemographics, personality, and mental health disorder symptoms. Emotionality was associated with MDD, GAD, and SAD (AORs ranged from 6.23 to 10.22). Extraversion and Agreeableness were inversely associated with MDD, GAD, and SAD (AORs ranged from 0.0159 to 0.43), whereas Openness to Experience was inversely associated with SAD (AOR = 0.36). Several facet-level personality dimensions were associated with mental health disorders. Inconsistent differences were observed between men and women for relationships between personality factors, facets, and positive screenings for mental disorders. The relationship patterns allude to possible risk and resilience factors associated with personality factors and facets. Early training, interventions, and resources tailored to cadet personality factors and facets might reduce risk and bolster mental health resilience.
Circular RNA-Mediated Regulation of Oral Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation: Implications for Oral Medicine and Orthodontic Applications
Authors: Suciu Tudor-Sergiu , Feștilă Dana , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Nutu Andreea , Armencea Gabriel , Aghiorghiesei Alexandra Iulia , Vulcan Talida , Băciuț Mihaela 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which unlike linear RNAs, have a covalently closed continuous loop structure. circRNAs are found abundantly in human cells and their biology is complex. They feature unique expression to different types of cells, tissues, and developmental stages. To the present, the functional roles of circular RNAs are not fully understood. They reportedly act as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, therefore having key regulatory functions in diverse physiological and pathological processes. As for dentistry field, lines of evidence indicate that circRNAs play vital roles in the odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Abnormal expression of circRNAs have been found in other areas of pathology frequently reflected also in the oral environment, such as inflammation or bone and soft tissue loss. Therefore, circRNAs could be of significant importance in various fields in dentistry, especially in bone and soft tissue engineering and regeneration. Understanding the molecular mechanisms occurring during the regulation of oral biological and tissue remodeling processes could augment the discovery of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that will improve orthodontic and other oral therapeutic protocols.
Graphical Abstract
Spatial Transcriptomics in a Case of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Reveals Clone-Specific Dysregulation of Genes Regulating Extracellular Matrix in the Invading Front
Authors: Condello Vincenzo , Paulsson Johan O. , Zedenius Jan , Näsman Anders , Juhlin C. Christofer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFollicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is recognized by its ability to invade the tumor capsule and blood vessels, although the exact molecular signals orchestrating this phenotype remain elusive. In this study, the spatial transcriptional landscape of an FTC is detailed with comparisons between the invasive front and histologically indolent central core tumor areas. The Visium spatial gene expression platform allowed us to interrogate and visualize the whole transcriptome in 2D across formalin-fixated paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. Four different 6 × 6 mm areas of an FTC were scrutinized, including regions with capsular and vascular invasion, capsule-near area without invasion, and a central core area of the tumor. Following successful capturing and sequencing, several expressional clusters were identified with regional variation. Most notably, invasive tumor cell clusters were significantly over-expressing genes associated with pathways interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsets of these genes (POSTN and DPYSL3) were additionally validated using immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of follicular thyroid tumors showing a clear gradient pattern from the core to the periphery of the tumor. Moreover, the reconstruction of the evolutionary tree identified the invasive clones as late events in follicular thyroid tumorigenesis. To our knowledge, this is one of the first 2D global transcriptional mappings of FTC using this platform to date. Invasive FTC clones develop in a stepwise fashion and display significant dysregulation of genes associated with the ECM and EMT — thus highlighting important molecular crosstalk for further investigations.
Beyond the Big Five factors: using facets and nuances for enhanced prediction in life outcomes
Authors: Nielsen Maiken Due , Kajonius Petri 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResearch on personality traits predicting life outcomes has typically been investigated using the Big Five factors and only occasionally their facets. However, recent research suggests that the use of items (reflecting personality nuances) can account for more predictive variance. The aim of the present study was to examine the predictive validity for various life outcomes comparing the hierarchical levels (factors, facets, and nuances) of the personality trait structure. These were measured using one of the publicly available instruments, IPIP-NEO-120, in a Swedish sample (N = 440). Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were performed to confirm the structures of the Big Five levels, and we used Elastic Net Regressions (ENR; with 10-fold cross-validation and shrinkage parameter), trained and applied for prediction in two separate samples. The results showed that nuances (item-level models) on average provided greater explained variance (34%) than facets (22.5%) and factors (12%) for all six life outcome predictions. Findings suggest that there may be psychometric value to using the lowest item-level of personality trait measurements. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Study Attenuation Parameters and Physical Properties of Silicone Rubber Reinforced with Nano- and Micro-Sized Aluminum Oxide Composites
Authors: El-Khatib Ahmed M. , Elesh E. , Hamada Mohamed S. , Sabry Eslam M. , Gouda Mona M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTheoretical and practical research has been done on reinforced polymer composites, a more recent type of improved shielding material. This study examined the protective qualities of silicone rubber packed with nano- and micro-sized Al2O3. Aspects like the effective atomic number, mean free path, linear attenuation coefficient, and mass attenuation coefficient are used to evaluate these shielding materials. In terms of weight percentage and size, Al2O3 particles have been used to reinforce silicone rubber. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV visible spectrometer, thermal analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have been investigated. The results show that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have a more homogeneous distribution within the samples than micro aluminum oxide particles, which is due to the fact that nanoparticles have a very large surface area-to-volume ratio when compared to the same material in bulk. As a result, the sample containing 40% by weight of nano Al2O3 has the largest attenuation coefficient value and the lowest half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP) values. Finally, it can be concluded that the sample containing nano Al2O3 can be utilized to create an innovative and versatile silicone rubber material. This material holds great potential for the manufacturing of gloves and protective jackets, specifically designed for radiation and nuclear shielding applications.
Scoping review of lacrosse: match demands, physical performance and injury surveillance
Authors: Ripley Nicholas J. , Wenham Tom , Collier Matthew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundLacrosse has seen an uptake in participation in the last two decades. Moreover, with small-sided variants (box lacrosse [BL] and sixes lacrosse [SL]), with the latter being considered by the international Olympic committee. However, for athletes to perform at the highest level across the variations of lacrosse (field lacrosse [FL], BL and SL), sports coaches, practitioners and national governing bodies need to understand the demands, physical performance characteristics and injury incidence.ObjectiveThe objective of this scoping review is to explore the current state of the literature around lacrosse in key areas (match and training demands, physical performance and injury incidence). We additionally aimed to identify knowledge gaps in the literature.MethodsThe latest methodological guidance Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews for scoping reviews was followed. A systematic literature search was conducted in several electronic databases (ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS and institutional library), using relevant key terms. The present study is largely descriptive and quantifies proportions (%) of studies.ResultsOf the 4223 studies identified using the systematic search strategy, 120 studies were included within the final synthesis. 14 studies identified match or training demands across competitive levels and variations. 30 studies identified physical performance: 28 studies on FL athletes and two studies on BL. 75 studies identified injury incidence from lacrosse, all studies observed FL.ConclusionsAccording to the results of this scoping review, there are large gaps within the literature that should be addressed. As international SL will be included in Olympic events this should be a focus of future research, attempting to identify match and training demands, physical performance characteristics and injury incidence. Moreover, as SL players are likely to be also participating in FL and BL, it could rapidly increase the demands placed upon players, both physically and psychologically.
Clinical importance of serum miRNA levels in breast cancer patients
Authors: Turkoglu Fatih , Calisir Akin , Ozturk Bahadir 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThere is limited data on the relationship of miRNAs with parameters that may affect surgical management or reflect tumour prognosis. It was aimed to evaluate serum miRNA levels in breast carcinoma cases and reveal the relationship between these levels and prognosis-related factors such as the histological type of the tumour, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67 index, HER-2neu, E-cadherin, tumour size, CK5/6, CA15.3 levels, number of tumour foci, number of metastatic lymph nodes, and status of receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Thirty-five patients with a histopathologically confirmed breast carcinoma diagnosis in the case group and 35 healthy individuals in the control group were examined. miR-206, miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-200a, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-31, miR-21, miR-155, miR-10b, miR-373, miR-520c, miR-210, miR-145, miR-139-5p, miR-195, miR-99a, miR-497 and miR-205 expression levels in the serum of participants were determined using the Polymerase Chain Reaction method. While serum miR-125b and Let-7a expression levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients, miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-200a, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-99a and miR-497 levels were significantly lower in them. The Let-7a expression level had a statistically significant relationship with breast cancer histological type and HER-2neu parameters, miR-17-5p, miR-125b, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-99a levels with E-cadherin, miR-34a, miR-99a and miR-497 with CA15.3, miR-125b, miR-200a and miR-34a with the number of metastatic lymph nodes, miR-125a with the number of tumour foci and miR-200a with the status of having the neoadjuvant therapy. Serum miR-17-5p, miR-125a, miR-125b, miR-200a, Let-7a, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-99a and miR-497 expression levels were determined to have predictive and prognostic importance in breast cancer.
ChatGPT and the Technology-Education Tension: Applying Contextual Virtue Epistemology to a Cognitive Artifact
Authors: Cassinadri Guido 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAccording to virtue epistemology, the main aim of education is the development of the cognitive character of students (Pritchard, 2014, 2016). Given the proliferation of technological tools such as ChatGPT and other LLMs for solving cognitive tasks, how should educational practices incorporate the use of such tools without undermining the cognitive character of students? Pritchard (2014, 2016) argues that it is possible to properly solve this ‘technology-education tension’ (TET) by combining the virtue epistemology framework with the theory of extended cognition (EXT) (Clark and Chalmers, 1998). He argues that EXT enables us to consider tools as constitutive parts of the students’ cognitive system, thus preserving their cognitive character from technologically induced cognitive diminishment. The first aim of this paper is to show that this solution is not sufficient to solve the TET. Second, I aim to offer a complementary and more encompassing framework of tool-use to address the TET. Then, I apply it to the educational uses of ChatGPT as the most notable example of LLM, although my arguments can be extended to other generative AI systems. To do so, in Sect. 1.1, I present Pritchard’s framework of cognitive character and virtue epistemology applied in education, to which I am committed in this treatment. In Sects. 2 and 3, I respectively illustrate Pritchard’s (2014) solution to the TET, and I highlight the general limitations of his proposal. Thus, in Sect. 4.1 I characterize ChatGPT as a computational cognitive artifact using Fasoli’s (Fasoli, 2017, 2018) taxonomy of cognitive artifacts. In Sect. 4.2, I introduce my proposal, which combines Pritchard’s account of virtue epistemology with Fasoli’s (2017, 2018) taxonomy of cognitive artifacts to address the TET. Finally, in Sect. 5.1, I present some epistemically virtuous uses of ChatGPT in educational contexts. To conclude, I argue in favor of a multidisciplinary approach for analyzing educational activities involving AI technologies such as ChatGPT.
Track Thyself? The Value and Ethics of Self-knowledge Through Technology
Authors: Leuenberger Muriel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNovel technological devices, applications, and algorithms can provide us with a vast amount of personal information about ourselves. Given that we have ethical and practical reasons to pursue self-knowledge, should we use technology to increase our self-knowledge? And which ethical issues arise from the pursuit of technologically sourced self-knowledge? In this paper, I explore these questions in relation to bioinformation technologies (health and activity trackers, DTC genetic testing, and DTC neurotechnologies) and algorithmic profiling used for recommender systems, targeted advertising, and technologically supported decision-making. First, I distinguish between impersonal, critical, and relational self-knowledge. Relational self-knowledge is a so far neglected dimension of self-knowledge which is introduced in this paper. Next, I investigate the contribution of these technologies to the three types of self-knowledge and uncover the connected ethical concerns. Technology can provide a lot of impersonal self-knowledge, but we should focus on the quality of the information which tends to be particularly insufficient for marginalized groups. In terms of critical self-knowledge, the nature of technologically sourced personal information typically impedes critical engagement. The value of relational self-knowledge speaks in favour of transparency of information technology, notably for algorithms that are involved in decision-making about individuals. Moreover, bioinformation technologies and digital profiling shape the concepts and norms that define us. We should ensure they not only serve commercial interests but our identity and self-knowledge interests.