bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal dynamics and diversity of Antarctic marine viruses reveal a novel viral seascape
Authors: Piedade Gonçalo J. , Schön Max E. , Lood Cédric , Fofanov Mikhail V. , Wesdorp Ella M. , Biggs Tristan E.G. , Wu Lingyi , Bolhuis Henk , Fischer Matthias G. , Yutin Natalya , Dutilh Bas E. , Brussaard Corina P. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The Southern Ocean microbial ecosystem, with its pronounced seasonal shifts, is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Since viruses are key modulators of microbial abundance, diversity, and evolution, we need a better understanding of the effects of seasonality on the viruses in this region. Our comprehensive exploration of viral diversity in the Southern Ocean revealed a unique and largely uncharted viral landscape, of which 75% was previously unidentified in other oceanic areas. We uncovered novel viral taxa at high taxonomic ranks, expanding our understanding of crassphage, polinton-like virus, and virophage diversity. Our results indicate that Nucleocytoviricota viruses are an important and diverse group of Antarctic viruses, which regulate phytoplankton population dynamics. Our temporal analysis reveals complex seasonal patterns in viral populations, highlighting the interplay between bacteriophages, eukaryotic viruses, and their microbial hosts, whilst deepening our understanding of their roles in the world's most sensitive and rapidly changing ecosystem.
Integrative Radiomics Clustering Analysis in Breast Cancer: Deciphering Heterogeneity and Prognostic Indicators through multiparametric MRI
Authors: qi xuan , he yongsheng , Duan Shaofeng , wang Wuling , Yang Hongkai , Pan Shuya , Cheng Weiqun , Xia Liang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer diagnosis and treatment have been revolutionized by advances in imaging techniques, particularly multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). This study aims to leverage mpMRI to enhance the understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Methods
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of 194 breast cancer patients using mpMRI, which included T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), ZOOMit-Diffusion weighted imaging (ZOOMit-DWI), and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI phase 2 and phase 7. Radiomics features were extracted using the open-source Python package 'pyradiomics'. Unsupervised analysis was performed using the MOVICS package, integrating various multi-omics clustering methods. The patients were clustered into different subtypes, and the associations between the subtypes and clinical prognostic indicators were investigated using univariate analyses.
Results
In total, 194 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 54.9 years and a predominance of Luminal B subtype (47.7%), followed by Luminal A (22.3%). Two mpMR-based radiomics subtypes were identified. Patient demographics showed no significant age difference between Subtype1 (average age 55.3 years, n = 109) and Subtype 2 (average age 54.4 years, n = 84) (p = 0.57). A significant disparity in molecular subtypes was observed between the groups, particularly in Luminal A subtype distribution (16.514% in Subtype 1 vs. 29.762% in Subtype 2, p = 0.03). Significant differences were also noted in hormone receptor status, with estrogen receptor (ER) (p = 0.01) and progesterone receptor (PR) (p = 0.04) differing notably between two subtypes. Group 1 presented a larger mean tumor size (p<0.01) and more varied histological grades (p<0.01). Lymph node metastasis (LNM) and edema showed significant differences (p<0.05).
Conclusions
Our study underscores the potential of mpMRI in enhancing breast cancer diagnostics. The radiomics-based cluster analysis offers a novel approach to categorizing breast cancer, providing insights into tumor heterogeneity and aiding in the development of personalized treatment strategies.
Accounting for surge dynamics is key to modeling tropical cyclone-induced coastal flooding
Authors: Vogt Thomas , Treu Simon , Mengel Matthias , Frieler Katja , Otto Christian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Tropical cyclone-induced storm surge is a major coastal risk which will be further amplified by rising sea levels under global warming. The surge-induced floodplains are commonly modeled using a two-step approach by first producing coastal water levels which are, secondly, translated into inundated areas. Here, we evaluate an alternative approach where ocean dynamics and coastal inundation are modeled in a single step using the open-source solver GeoClaw that accounts for the event-specific variation over time of flood drivers. We compute the surge-induced flood extents for a global set of 71 storms from 2000-2019. We show that GeoClaw better reproduces satellite observations and high water marks than two different common modeling approaches that lack a process-based representation of inundation dynamics: a state-of-the-art two-step approach combining a full-scale ocean dynamics with a static (bathtub-type) inundation model and a lightweight approach that directly translates parametric tropical cyclone wind fields into inundation maps using statistical relationships. GeoClaw does not reach the performance of the ocean dynamics model in reproducing coastal water levels, but this deficiency is overcompensated by the dynamic modeling of inundated areas. The computational efficiency of the one-step approach opens up new perspectives for global assessments of coastal risks from tropical cyclones.
Effect of SHAM on the activity of coumoxystrobin against Phytophthora litchii
Authors: Jing Suyue , Zhu Fadi , Wen Xiaodong , Zhang Jing , Feng Gang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Litchi downy blight, caused by Phytophthora litchii, presents significant challenges to litchi production, storage, and transportation. Previous studies have shown that coumoxystrobin exhibits effective inhibitory activity against P. litchii. Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), an alternative respiratory pathway inhibitor, is commonly used to evaluate the efficacy of cytochrome respiratory pathway inhibitor like coumoxystrobin against fungal phytopathogens in vitro. In this study, the toxicity of SHAM on various developmental stages of P. litchii, including mycelial growth, sporangial germination, zoospore release, and cystospore germination, was assessed. The EC50 values for SHAM were determined as 166.72, 150.69, 333.97, and 240.91 μg/mL, respectively. Subsequently, the activity of coumoxystrobin against P. litchii was assessed in the presence of SHAM at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, which showed slight inhibition below 20% for all four developmental stages. The addition of SHAM significantly improved the inhibitory activity of coumoxystrobin against P. litchii at different stages, with reductions in EC50 values ranging from 7.55- to 122.92-fold. Moreover, respiration assays revealed that a concentration of 5 μg/mL coumoxystrobin inhibited P. litchii mycelial respiration to a lesser extent compared to the combined effect of coumoxystrobin and SHAM. SHAM also enhanced the control efficacy of coumoxystrobin against phytophthora blight development on litchi leaves. Previously, we reported that coumoxystrobin effectively controls postharvest downy mildew on litchi fruit. Consequently, coumoxystrobin holds promise as an agent for litchi downy blight control in the field and after harvest. Furthermore, similar to previous studies, SHAM, an alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibitor, was found to significantly enhance the activity of the two aforementioned QoI fungicides against P. litchii, both in vitro and in vivo. This suggests that further exploration of AOX inhibitors and the role of AOX in plant diseases could contribute to the rational use of QoI fungicides and improve control efficiency for plant diseases.
Why is stunting highest in Western Uganda?
Authors: Asiimwe John Bosco , Nzabona Abel , Tuyiragize Richard , Kakuba Christian , Sendege Susan Habert 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Stunted children have high risk of death and over 40 percent globally are in Sub-Sahara Africa. In Uganda, 29 percent of children under-five are stunted and this has remained high over the last one decade but worse in the Western region of the country.
Methods
We used pooled Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) data from 2001 to 2016 to establish factors that could explain stunting among children aged 24 to 59 months by applying a logit regression model.
Results
Results show that children whose mothers had attained higher levels of education were significantly associated with reduced odds (0.3) of stunting compared to those with no education. Children whose mothers had no access to health information were significantly associated with increased odds (1.4) of stunting compared to those who had access. Children who had had diarrhea two weeks prior to the survey were associated with higher odds (1.5) of stunting compared to those who did not have it.
Conclusions
The findings call for increased education of the girl child, increased access to health information to mothers, prevention and prompt treatment of diarrhea.
Association of prenatal Cleft Lip and Palate ultrasound abnormalities with copy number variants at a single Chinese tertiary center
Authors: Yan Shujuan , Yu Qiuxia , Zhou Hang , Huang Ruibin , Wang You , Ma Chunling , Guo Fei , Fu Fang , Li Ru , Li Fucheng , Jin Xiangyi , Zhen Li , Pan Min , Li Dongzhi , Liao Can 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Backgroud: A systematic analysis was conducted to investigate the molecular etiology of fetal cleft lip and/or palate (CL/CP) and the association between various types of CL/CP and copy number variations (CNVs), as well as their impact on birth outcomes.
Methods:In this retrospective study, a cohort of pregnancies diagnosed with fetal CL/CP was enrolled and comprehensive clinical data for all cases were extracted from our medical record database, including demographic data about the pregnancies, ultrasound findings, results of Chromosomal microarray (CMA), as well as relevant pregnant and perinatal outcomes.
Results:Among the 358 cases, 32 clinically significant variants in 29 (8.1%)fetuses with CL/CP were detected by CMA. In 338 singleton pregnancies, the diagnostic yield of CMA in the context of CL/CP fetuses was determined to be 7.7% (26/338). CP-only cases exhibited a relatively higher prevalence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) CNVs at a rate of 25% (3/12), followed by CLP-only cases at 8.0% (23/288). Notably, the CL-only group did not demonstrate any P/LP CNV findings among the examined cases (0/38). The diagnostic rate of clinically significant variants was significantly higher in the non-isolated CL/CP group than in the isolated CL/CP group (11/33, 33.3% vs. 15/305, 4.9%, p<0.001). In twin pregnancies, 3 clinically significant variants (15.0%) were detected in the other 20 twin pregnancies.
Conclusions: This study provides powerful evidence supporting the efficacy of CMA as a valuable tool for facilitating the prenatal genetic diagnosis of fetal CL/CP. The presence of CP and CLP in fetal cases demonstrated a relatively higher incidence of P/LP CNVs. Moreover, when these cases were accompanied by additional ultrasound abnormalities, the likelihood of identifying diagnostic CNVs significantly increased. Conversely, cases of CL alone might not be associated with positive CNVs. The present data may significantly enhance prenatal diagnosis accuracy and facilitate informed genetic counseling for individuals affected by fetal CL/CP.
Extended Monotonic Results Related to Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Ansary Md Abu Talhamainuddin , Shaw Barsha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the monotonous results with fractional derivatives in interval (1,2). We have adopted some ideas of α-order Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and Caputo fractional derivative in our derivations. Some theoretical results are developed in this context. In addition to this, some numerical examples are included to justify these results. Further, we extend these results for generalized intervals.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 26A33 (primary) · 26A48 ·26A42
Aberrant course of the right petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) associated with right type 1 proatlantal artery and bilateral occipital arteries arising from the ICA diagnosed by computed tomography angiography
Authors: Uchino Akira , Tokushige Kazuo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To describe a case of multiple extremely rare cervical arterial variations.
Methods
A 55-year-old man with a tentative diagnosis of right internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis was examined using computed tomography (CT) angiography for the evaluation of vascular lesions in the neck and head region. A 64-slice CT machine was used.
Results
On CT angiography, there was laterally located and narrowed petrous segment of the right ICA, indicative of aberrant course of the petrous ICA. Right vertebral artery (VA) was small in caliber and a relatively large anomalous artery arose from the proximal right ICA. This anomalous artery entered the posterior fossa via the foramen magnum, indicative of a type 1 proatlantal artery. Right occipital artery (OA) arose from the proximal ICA. The left OA also arose from the proximal ICA.
Conclusion
An aberrant course of the petrous ICA is an extremely rare arterial variation which is formed by segmental agenesis of the cervical ICA, and the collateral channel passes through the middle ear cavity. It can be dangerous during middle ear surgery. The type 1 proatlantal artery is also an extremely rare arterial variation formed by the persistence of the proatlantal intersegmental artery. It is clinically significant because of its unique blood flow from the carotid system to the vertebrobasilar system. The OA rarely arises from the proximal ICA. Identification of these cervical arterial variations before surgery and vascular intervention are important to avoid complications during the procedure.
Successfully anticipated difficult airway management of a “can ventilate, but cannot intubate” situation for urgent laparoscopic appendectomy in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Brunner Fabian Peter , Neth Philippe , Kaserer Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Airway management in Duchenne patients can be challenging. We present a case of an anticipated difficult airway in a Duchenne patient that was managed by planning different suitable strategies based on the unanticipated difficult airway algorithm of the Difficult Airway Society (DAS).
Case presentation: The patient initially presented with appendicitis, requiring laparoscopic appendectomy within 6 hours. Due to the underlying condition and a known difficult airway, we anticipated potential airway problems and successfully managed the "can ventilate but cannot intubate" situation using the algorithm. The difficult airway was attributed to reduced mandibular mobility, limited inclination or reclination, a large tongue, prominent incisors, and a posteriorly positioned epiglottis. Despite thorough preparation and team briefing, we experienced three failed intubation attempts. Considering limited nighttime resources, the urgency of surgery, the need for a tube for laparoscopy, and the risk of exacerbating airway issues, we made the decision to awaken the patient and wait for a second attempt after the epiglottis swelling had subsided. We used reversible, short-acting agents for induction, enabling us to continue with the algorithm within the allotted timeframe. In a second stage, we successfully performed fiberoptic-guided intubation via a supraglottic airway device using the Aintree intubation catheter, utilizing more favorable resources.
Conclusion: For a patient with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and a difficult airway, advanced expertise is critical. Detailed anesthesia planning, clear team communication, and the use of reversible, short-acting agents are crucial. Adherence to the Difficult Airway Society guidelines is essential for safe airway management.
Effect of the Surface Dimples on the Exit Dynamics of a Sphere at a Constant Velocity
Authors: Ashraf Intesaaf , Dorbolo Stephane 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This article experimentally investigates the exit dynamics of two different spheres i.e. a smooth sphere and a sphere with dimples at a constant speed. Employing high-speed experimental observations, the study investigates the key characteristic lengths and hydrodynamic forces between the sphere's surface and water. The experiments were performed at different traveling speeds (or Froude numbers). The results shed light on the drag force coefficient, entrainment force coefficient, and cross-over force coefficient. In this paper, we have shown that the surface dimples not only affect the drag force but also the entrainment force. However, the cross-over force coefficient remains the same.
Design of Novel Saposin-like Bacteriocins Using a Hybrid Approach
Authors: Oftedal Thomas Førland , Diep Dzung B. , Kjos Morten 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

A multitude of approaches will be required to respond to the threat posed by the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Bacteriocins have gained increasing attention as a possible alternative to antibiotics, as such peptide antimicrobials have mechanisms of action different from antibiotics and are therefore equally potent against antibiotic resistant bacteria as their susceptible counterparts. A group of bacteriocins known as saposin-like bacteriocins are believed to act directly on the bacterial membrane. Based on seven saposin-like leaderless bacteriocins, we have constructed a library of hybrid peptides containing all combinations of the N- and C-terminal halves of the native bacteriocins. All hybrid peptides were synthesized using in vitro protein expression and assayed for antimicrobial activity towards several pathogens. Of the 42 hybrid peptides, antimicrobial activity was confirmed for 11 novel hybrid peptides. Furthermore, several of the hybrid peptides exhibited altered antimicrobial spectra and apparent increase in potency compared to the peptides from which they were derived. The most promising hybrid, termed ISP26, was then obtained synthetically and shown to inhibit most of the Gram-positive species tested, including opportunistic pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. Additionally, ISP26 was shown to inhibit Acinetobacter, a species of Gram-negative bacteria frequently isolated from nosocomial infections. The activity of the hybrid library provides valuable insights into the design and screening of new active bacteriocins.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and heterogeneity of B cell subsets in patients of idiopathic inflammatory myositis with different myositis-specific autoantibodies
Authors: Pan Zhou , Li Mengdi , Zhang Panpan , Li Tianqi , Liu Rui , Liu Jia , Liu Shengyun , Zhang Yusheng 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Objective
To explore the characteristics and clinical significance of lymphocyte subsets, especially B cell subsets in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM).
Methods
A total of 176 patients with IIM in active disease condition and 210 gender/age-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in our study. Demographic characteristics and lymphocyte subset patterns were compared between the two groups. In addition, B cell subsets from 153 patients with IIM and 92 HCs were characterized. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) of B cell subsets, patients with IIM were classified into three different subgroups by hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, demographic characteristics, antibody types and clinical characteristics were compared among the subgroups.
Results
Patients with IIM have reduced counts of peripheral lymphocyte subsets compared with HCs, which included T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Also, B cell subsets were altered in patients with IIM. The percentages of memory B cells and translational memory B cells were reduced, while CD19 + B cells, plasmablast and naïve B cells were increased. Moreover, to explore the heterogeneity of B cells in IIM patients, patients were categorized into 3 clusters based on B cell subset clustering analysis. Cluster 1 was dominated by CD19 + B cells, Bregs and Naïve B cells, cluster 3 was dominated by Memory B cells and plasmablast, and the proportion of B cell subsets in cluster 2 was in between. Notably, the patients of cluster 1 had the highest proportion of anti-TIF1-γ antibodies, whereas cluster 3 showed an elevated proportion of anti-MDA5 + antibodies. Chest tightness was more prominent in clusters 2 and 3 compared to clusters 1. Moreover, B cell subsets were correlated with multiple laboratory parameters.
Conclusion
Our study indicated that lymphopenia is a common manifestation in patients with IIM. B cell subsets are abnormally expressed and showed high heterogeneity in patients with IIM by cluster analysis. The clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters differed among the three clusters.
Determination and Validation of Tiaprofenic Acid in Human Plasma: A Detailed LC-MS/MS-Based Analysis Following ICH M10 Guidelines and the Accuracy Profile Approach
Authors: Bouchafra Houda , Orche Aimen El , Khabbaz Choukri El , Cheikh Amine , Faouzi My El Abbes , Cherrah Yahia , Zarayby Lhoussaine , Hirri Aziz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The validation of bioanalytical methods holds critical importance for regulatory agencies and organizations dedicated to ensuring the safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceuticals. In this context, the recent release of the ICH M10 guideline in May 2022 represents a significant milestone in standardizing bioanalytical method validation globally. However, this guideline lacks explicit experimental protocols for implementation. In this study, we address the practical implementation of the newly released ICH M10 guideline by providing a detailed validation protocol for a bioanalytical method. Our method specifically targets tiaprofenic acid, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Tiaprofenic acid is a critical component in bioequivalence studies, underscoring the necessity for precise and accurate quantification within complex biological matrices. The integration of the accuracy profile approach, a statistical tool, enhances the significance of this work. This approach aids in assessing the accuracy and precision of bioanalytical methods, establishing confidence intervals around measured concentrations and quantifying the level of accuracy and precision expected when using the validated method. Overall, this study contributes to advancing bioanalytical science, aligning with the latest ICH guidelines, and emphasizing the importance of validated methods supported by modern statistical approaches like the accuracy profile. It underscores the commitment to maintaining the highest standards of quality and reliability in bioanalysis, which is crucial for ensuring public health and advancing drug therapies.