bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Prediction of a Dual-axis Tracking Solar Trough Collector Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Li Jue , Xia Ting , Wang Ruofan , Chen Haijun , Xu Xiran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A dual-axis tracking parabolic trough solar collector, using a certain straight-trough tube, was set up to experimentally investigate the heat collecting performance. An artificial neural network(ANN) model was developed. Experimental data were used to train and predict the mean temperature of Heat transfer fluid in the solar trough collector based on the developed model. The Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method was also applied to optimize the weights and thresholds for the classic BP Newton algorithm, providing an ANN model with 9 hidden nodes and 30,000 training times. The predicted values are all in good agreement with the experimental data, with a mean relative error of 0.21% and a maximum error of 1.2%. In comparison, the mean relative error of the one-dimensional steady-state model reaches 1.07%. It indicates that the ANN exhibits excellent performance in predicting the export temperature of the solar collector with a specific flow rate of Heat transfer fluid. This ANN model is promising to predict the performance of solar trough collectors under different operating and environmental conditions.
Feasibility study of medium voltage AC fast current limiter
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Du Haifeng , Qin Xiao , Zhao Jinpeng , Dai Huakun , Wu Yifei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When a short-circuit fault occurs, it is important to avoid the problem of excessive short-circuit current. This paper offers a current limiter scheme which considers both flow capacity and current limiting capacity. The feasibility of the current limiting scheme is verified by building a simulation model of the power grid around 110/11 kV substation. In addition, the optimal performance parameters of each component of the scheme are determined.
Experimental Study on Condensation Heat Transfer Performance of Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Microstructured
Authors: He Zhiwei , Wen Enlong , Wang Tao , Huang Chao , Li Shujie , Cai Ruhua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to study the condensation and heat transfer characteristics of similar microstructure surfaces, two similar microstructure surfaces, cylindrical and circular, were fabricated by femtosecond laser technology on a 0.5 mm silicon wafer. The cylindrical surface is superhydrophobic when the contact angle is more than 150°, and the circular surface is hydrophilic when the contact angle is less than 90°. The difference in condensation heat transfer characteristics between superhydrophobic and hydrophilic microstructures was analyzed, and a visual condensation experimental platform was built. Experimental research showed that: At the same flow rate, the heat transfer coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface and the hydrophilic surface decreases significantly with the increase of the surface subcooling degree, but the heat transfer coefficient of the cylindrical surface is still much larger than that of the circular surface. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the hydrophobic microstructure surface is better than that of the hydrophilic surface at medium and high-speed cooling water flow rates. Although the surface microstructures are similar in shape, the heat transfer performance of cylindrical microstructures is much better than that of circular microstructures under the same conditions, and the heat flux of cylindrical microstructures is 2.2 times that of circular microstructures.
A 10-bit 160 MS/s Asynchronous SAR ADC design
Authors: Wang Jiaqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study describes a 10-bit 160 MS/s asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) design in a 40 nm CMOS technical process. The SAR ADC is provided with an improved capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC), and the capacitor array is featured by six split high-bit capacitors and a combination of splitting and monotonic switching schemes. This structure and switching scheme can both save power and improve speed while introducing negligible common-mode voltage change. An improved double-tail comparator and TSPC D flip-flops are implemented to further enhance the speed. Simulation results show that the ADC achieves SFDR 72.17 dB, SNDR 61.37 dB, and ENOB 9.90 bits at Nyquist input frequency. The power consumption of the ADC under a 1.2 V power supply is 2.808 mW, achieving 18.4 fJ/conv FoM.
Optimization of Package Heat Dissipation Design Based on High-power WB-BGA Industrial Chip with a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Duan Shihua , Li Dejian , Guan Yuan , Li Bofu , Li Dameng , Yang Baobin , Han Shunfeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the progress of science and technology, chip integration and packaging density continue to improve, and the power density increases rapidly, leading to the increasingly prominent problem of chip heat dissipation. The service environment of industrial chips with a wide temperature range is even worse, so it is necessary to ensure reliable operation in the environment of −40°C~85°C. The thermal design and thermal management of packaging have become an important problem in the industry. Based on the wide temperature range of high-power WB-BGA industrial chips, aiming at the difficulty of chip heat dissipation in the high-temperature environment of 85°C, this paper studies and optimizes the packaging heat dissipation, and proposes a high heat dissipation packaging design scheme based on the wide temperature-range high-power WB-BGA industrial chip, which reduces the chip junction temperature by 17.9°C and has a certain reference value for the packaging design of wide temperature range industrial chip.
Research On Etching of Distributed Bragg Reflector
Authors: Gao Yuan , Song Jiejing , Zhou Guo , Fu Xingzhong , Li Xiaolan , Sun Niefeng , Ji Ziwu , Zhang Lijiang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of etching process parameters on the sidewall morphology and bottom metal etching damage of Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR), and analyzed the underlying mechanisms. By comparing the etching morphology under different RF power and pressure conditions, it was found that increasing RF power and reducing pressure can solve the problem of sidewall fracture and obtain a smooth sidewall morphology. By comparing the effect of different process gases on the sidewall angle, it was found that adding O2 can reduce the DBR/Photoresit selectivity and sidewall angle while adding BCl3 can increase the DBR/Photoresit selectivity and sidewall angle. Therefore, the sidewall angle can be adjusted by controlling the type and flow rate of the etching gas. By comparing the DBR/metal selectivity under different RF power, it was found that as the RF power decreases, the DBR/metal selectivity increases, which can prevent metal splashing caused by over-etching of metal. Therefore, in DBR etching, high RF power is used for main etching to obtain a smooth sidewall morphology and the sidewall angle can be adjusted by varying the gas type and flow rate, while low RF power is used for over-etching to improve the DBR/metal selectivity and prevent metal over-etching. This study has reference significance for the development of the inverted chip DBR process.
Composite Gate Oxide Method for Improving the Reliability and Leakage Performance of Deep Submicron CMOS Processes
Authors: Zhou Yaohui , Zhang Song , Liu Qun , Wang Dejin , Ma Yaling , Li Mincheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article aims to address the issues of gate oxide reliability failure and leakage loss in SRAM circuits caused by the introduction of additional high-voltage devices in the 90 nm standard process. It investigates the corner thinning phenomenon using different gate oxide scheme. It analyzes the corresponding relationship between composite gate oxide and reliability and tests the leakage of the SRAM circuit. Research has shown that the use of composite gate oxide can effectively improve corner thinning. The ratio of thermal oxide to HTO in composite gate oxide directly affects GOI/TDDB. At the same time, the use of composite gate oxide also decreases device leakage to a certain extent. The standby leakage of SRAM circuits(Isb) can be reduced from 200 nA to less than 10 nA.
Three-Dimensional Calcium Copper Titanate/Epoxy-Boron Nitride Nanosheets Dielectrics toward High Dielectric Constant and Low Loss
Authors: Yang Yongzhi , Xue Wenqing , Li Yuchao , Zhan Yanhu , Li Yankai 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epoxy dielectric materials with high permittivity and low loss were fabricated via inversely introducing epoxy-boron nitride nanosheets (EP-BNNS) mixtures into a continuous three-dimensional CaCu3Ti4O12 (3D CCTO) ceramic network constructed by template method. The obtained 3D CCTO/EP-1.0%BNNS composite exhibited an enhanced permittivity of 25.8 and suppressed low loss of 0.032 (@ 1 kHz), 170%, and 89% of conventional CCTO/EP system, respectively. In addition, the activation energy derived from the isothermal dielectric relaxation spectra increases with the addition of BNNS, indicating that the presence of BNNS restrains the dipolar polarization of EP composites.
Evaluation of p-GaN HEMTs degradation under high temperatures forward and reverse gate bias stress
Authors: Jiang Kun , Deng Jing , Ni Yiqiang , Liu Jun , Liu Xin , He Zhiyuan , He Liang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, the degradation behavior and physical mechanism of the p-GaN HEMT devices under high-temperature gate bias (HTGB) with +5 V and −5 V were investigated. The DC characteristics show that the device after forward HTGB stress exhibits an obvious negative threshold voltage (Vth
) shift, while the device after reverse HTGB exhibits a negligible shift. The following explanations could be given for the deterioration mechanism: a portion of the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) accumulated in the p-GaN layer at the p-GaN/AlGaN interface under long-term forward bias may fill the trap in the AlGaN layer through the tunneling effect. In addition, the drain-source on-resistance of the device had increased after +5 V HTGB stress, and a distinct decrease of accumulated capacitance was observed in the Cg
-Vg
curve. It indicates a degradation of the gate quality of the device after applying a forward-biased HTGB stress.
Detection of flat-bottom holes in composite materials using multi-dimensional complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhaoming , Wang Jin , Zhang Tengda , Zhang Yuzhong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to high-temperature resistance, high strength, and
excellent fatigue resistance, composite materials are widely used in
automotive manufacturing, aerospace, infrastructure and other
fields. Consequently, the demand for defect detection of composite
materials is also increasing. As a non-destructive testing
technique, the active infrared thermography, which can achieve
full-field defect detection, is suitable for defect detection of
composite materials. However, this method is susceptible to noises
caused by the environment and heating sources. In order to solve the
problem of the defect signal being submerged by these noises, a
multi-dimensional complementary ensemble empirical mode
decomposition (MCEEMD) algorithm is introduced in this paper. This
method can decompose the signal into the low-frequency background
noise, the high-frequency heating noise, and useful defect signals,
and these noises can be easily removed to improve the contrast to
noise ratio (CNR) of defect images. Based on this proposed method, a
defect detection experiment on the carbon fiber reinforced plastic
(CFRP) is performed in this paper, and experimental results show
that the method can effectively remove environmental noise and
heating noise, and it can detect 11 out of 12 defects on the CFRP
sample with an average CNR of 9.107. Compared with the traditional
differential absolute contrast method, this method can detect one
additional small defect with the aspect ratio of 1.67 and one deep
defect with a depth of 2 mm.
Organisms as sensors in biohybrid entities as a novel tool for in-field aquatic monitoring
Authors: Rajewicz Wiktoria , Wu Chao , Romano Donato , Campo Alexandre , Arvin Farshad , Casson Alexander J , Jansen van Vuuren Godfried , Stefanini Cesare , Varughese Joshua Cherian , Lennox Barry , Schönwetter-Fuchs Sarah , Schmickl Thomas , Thenius Ronald 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rapidly intensifying global warming and water pollution calls for more efficient and continuous environmental monitoring methods. Biohybrid systems connect mechatronic components to living organisms and this approach can be used to extract data from the organisms. Compared to conventional monitoring methods, they allow for a broader data collection over long periods, minimizing the need for sampling processes and human labour. We aim to develop a methodology for creating various bioinspired entities, here referred to as ‘biohybrids’, designed for long-term aquatic monitoring. Here, we test several aspects of the development of the biohybrid entity: autonomous power source, lifeform integration and partial biodegradability. An autonomous power source was supplied by microbial fuel cells which exploit electron flows from microbial metabolic processes in the sediments. Here, we show that by stacking multiple cells, sufficient power can be supplied. We integrated lifeforms into the developed bioinspired entity which includes organisms such as the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha and water flea Daphnia spp. The setups developed allowed for observing their stress behaviours. Through this, we can monitor changes in the environment in a continuous manner. The further development of this approach will allow for extensive, long-term aquatic data collection and create an early-warning monitoring system.
Climate attribution time series track the evolution of human influence on North Pacific sea surface temperature
Authors: Litzow Michael A , Malick Michael J , Kristiansen Trond , Connors Brendan M , Ruggerone Gregory T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We apply climate attribution techniques to sea surface temperature time series from five regional North Pacific ecosystems to track the growth in human influence on ocean temperatures over the past seven decades (1950–2022). Using Bayesian estimates of the Fraction of Attributable Risk (FAR) and Risk Ratio (RR) derived from 23 global climate models, we show that human influence on regional ocean temperatures could first be detected in the 1970s and grew until 2014–2020 temperatures showed overwhelming evidence of human contribution. For the entire North Pacific, FAR and RR values show that temperatures have reached levels that were likely impossible in the preindustrial climate, indicating that the question of attribution is already obsolete at the basin scale. Regional results indicate the strongest evidence for human influence in the northernmost ecosystems (Eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska), though all regions showed FAR values > 0.98 for at least one year. Extreme regional SST values that were expected every 1000–10 000 years in the preindustrial climate are expected every 5–40 years in the current climate. We use the Gulf of Alaska sockeye salmon fishery to show how attribution time series may be used to contextualize the impacts of human-induced ocean warming on ecosystem services. We link negative warming effects on sockeye fishery catches to increasing human influence on regional temperatures (increasing FAR values), and we find that sockeye salmon migrating to sea in years with the strongest evidence for human effects on temperature (FAR ⩾ 0.98) produce catches 1.4 standard deviations below the long-term log mean. Attribution time series may be helpful indicators for better defining the human role in observed climate change impacts, and may thus help researchers, managers, and stakeholders to better understand and plan for the effects of climate change.
Integrated design of a robust superhydrophobic cement mortar layer via sizing sand grains
Authors: Lin Weirong , Wu Tong , Wang Chuanxi , Zheng Ruxin , Wang Dejun , Hu Hui , Cai Anmin , Meng Zhe , Sun Pan , Feng Lei , Shi Yilang , Xiang Shanglin , Cai Dongyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This work reported a facile route for fabricating super-hydrophobic concrete via sizing sand grains. It was found that mixing the sands with a size ranging from 150–180 μm into cement enabled the formation of a lotus-like surface with a papillary structure at micro-scale. SEM showed that the size of bumper was about 3 μm. When spraying a fluorocarbon solution onto this surface, the porous nature of the cement matrix showed the advantage of taking the fluorocarbon into the internal structure of the concrete via capillary force. As a result, the sub surface up to a depth of ∼1.5 mm were transformed into a thick superhydrophobic layer directly. The contact angle (CA) of water droplets could reach 157° on this surface, and which could remain more than 150° after abrasion 100 cycles under a weight of 300 g at 360 grit sandpaper. This thick hydrophobic layer significantly reduced the corrosion rate of the steel the concrete at the Cl- environment by 620 times. The measurement of British pendulum number and compression strength revealed that this superhydrophobic layer was beneficial for maintaining the friction coefficient of the concrete surface in wet condition without altering the mechanical integrity of the concrete.
A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic with wide spectral range and high wavelength resolution on HL-2A tokamak
Authors: CHEN 陈 Yue 越 , GAO 高 Jikun 继昆 , LONG 龙 Ting 婷 , NIE 聂 Lin 林 , GAO 高 Jinming 金明 , MA 马 Yao 尧 , HUANG 黄 Yuan 渊 , TIAN 田 Wenjing 文静 , LIU 刘 Yanmin 延民 , ZHU 朱 Xiaodong 晓东 , ZHUANG 庄 Ge 革 , ZHONG 钟 Wulyu 武律 , XU 许 Min 敏 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy (D-OES) diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from the X-point plasma region on the HL-2A tokamak. This diagnostic is composed of an imaging system, a beam-splitting system for dual-route measurements, fiber bundles, a spectrometer system, and a control and acquisition system. One route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra, and the other route is used to acquire high-wavelength-resolution line shapes. The spectral resolution of the wide-range spectrometers is 0.8 nm with a coverage of 800 nm (@200–1000 nm). The spectral resolution of the high-resolution spectrometer is 0.01 nm with a coverage of 6 nm (@200–660 nm). The spatial resolution of each route of D-OES is about 4 cm with 11 channels. The temporal resolution is 16 ms at maximum in the single-channel mode. Wide-range spectra (containing Balmer series and a Fulcher band) and highly resolved

line shapes are obtained by D-OES in the hydrogen glow discharge in the lab. D-OES measurements are carried out in the high-density deuterium experiments of HL-2A. The electron density

and deuterium temperature

in the X-point multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE) region are derived simultaneously by fitting the measured

shape. The density

is observed to increase from ~

to ~

, and the temperature

drops from ~14.4 eV to ~2.3 eV after the onset of MARFE in the discharge #38260.
Multi-layer phenomena in petawatt laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions
Authors: SU 苏 Wanqing 琬晴 , CAO 曹 Xiguang 喜光 , MA 马 Chunwang 春旺 , WANG 王 Yuting 玉廷 , ZHANG 张 Guoqiang 国强 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are important for new types of accelerators. A particle-in-cell program (Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of Station of Extreme Light (SEL) 100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with a thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th and U, as well as 200 nm thick Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting target normal sheath acceleration and radiation pressure acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum, ionization and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high-quality heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments as well as thinner metal targets in the precision machining process.
Numerical analysis for the free-boundary current reversal equilibrium in the AC plasma current operation in a tokamak
Authors: HU 胡 Yemin 业民 , WANG 王 Liuqing 柳青 , BAI 白 Shuhang 书航 , YU 于 Zhi 治 , XIA 夏 Tianyang 天阳 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, and this is one of the key problems in alternating current (AC) operations. An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure and also has considerable effects on the position of the X-point and the magnetic separatrix shape, and hence also on the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for magnetic design, MHD stability analysis, and experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.
Spatio-temporal variations of the land-use-related carbon budget in Southeast China: the evidence of Fujian province
Authors: Wu Bowei , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Yuan , Wu Shidai , Wu Yong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The attainment of a regionally balanced carbon budget is fundamental for the realization of carbon neutrality. This study involved the quantification of the carbon budget related to land use across Southeast China from 2005 to 2020, which was achieved through the calculation of both carbon emissions and carbon sinks. Subsequently, we scrutinized the mechanisms driving the observed dynamic changes in the carbon budget, pinpointed the impact of land-use efficiency (LUE) on the carbon budget, and proposed sustainable spatial planning and management strategies for diverse functional areas at the county level. The core findings are as follows: The dynamics of the carbon budget were spatially heterogeneous, characterized by a gradual increase in carbon emissions over time, while carbon sinks remained relatively constant. The Gini coefficient (G) manifested a gradual increase throughout the study period, reflecting an imbalanced evolution between carbon sinks and emissions. There was also an observable imbalance in the distribution of the carbon ecological carrying coefficient between coastal and inland regions. Land-use-related carbon emissions demonstrated a substantial spatial spillover effect, whereas a weak spatial spillover effect was noted in land-use-related carbon sinks. The correlation between LUE and the carbon budget varied significantly across different functional areas, as the driving effects of LUE displayed remarkable spatial heterogeneity. A quantification of the spatio-temporal alterations and the driving mechanisms behind the carbon budget can aid in the advancement of urban sustainability and regional carbon neutrality.