bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody binding affinity determined by microchip‐based capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Chiem Nghia H. , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe affinity constant of a monoclonal antibody to fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA*) was measured in diluted mouse ascites fluid using a microfluidic chip to perform affinity capillary electrophoresis. Borofloat glass‐based devices could be used repeatedly with samples for many months. On‐chip separations were performed in less than 60 s, and 30–60 s was required for manual sample exchange. The change in peak height for BSA* with increasing BSA*/anti‐BSA concentration ratio was used to determine concentration changes in bound and free BSA*. A Scatchard plot analysis gave an affinity constant (more exactly the intrinsic association constant) of 3.5 ± 0.6 × 107 M−1 for a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Two affinity complexes were separated. One complex was identified by the Scatchard method as having a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. The other complex is proposed to have a stoichiometry with an excess of anti‐BSA to BSA*, most likely (anti‐BSA)2‐BSA*, on the basis of a faster migration time than the 1:1 complex, a decrease in the amount of this complex with increasing [BSA*], and predictions of theoretical models for multi‐valent antigens. Potential applications of microchip‐based devices in affinity measurements are discussed.
Smoke and fire assessment with the fire propagation test
Authors: Powel D. A. , Martin K. G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAssesing the total potential fire hazard of modern interior surfacing of buildings requires a method which includes determination of smoke toxicity concurrently with fire and smoke production parameters. The Fire Propagation Box Test (British Standards Institution BS 476, Part 6) is a promising contender. It has been examined in the flaming mode as a method for evaluating smoke production concurrently with fire propagation indices for a range of surfacings, rather than resorting to a separate procedure by using fans with the same apparatus, as described in the former British Standards Institution Draft for relation to rate of burning the concurrent procedure is shown to be the more valied method.
Behaviour of concrete under thermal steady state and non‐steady state conditions
Authors: Schneider U. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractStress–strain behaviour of concrete at elevated temperatures is extremely complex and is not completely understood up to now. The creep properties of concrete at temperatures up to 300°C thus need to be determined, as well as the thermal stability of concrete during repeated cycles of heating and cooling. In this report the results of recent high temperature experiments with normal concrete specimens are presented. The main objectives of the tests were to investigate the dependence of strength and elasticity on temperature and to study the creep and deformation characteristics of concrete at temperatures up to 450°C. Transient creep data, i.e. data derived under transient temperature conditions, are compared with creep data which were measured at constant elevanted temperatures. The results suggest that transient creep values and steady state creep values in some cases may be of the same magnitude.The creep measurements appear to be in good agreement with data presented by other workers. However, the scatter in all data increases significantly with increasing temperature and differences of more than 100% can be observed. When loaded concrete specimens were cooled down to ambient temperature exptraordinarily large compressive strains can be observed. The experiments indicate clearly the considerable strain capacity of normal structural concrete can be used at temperatures higher than 100°C. In areas of high stress concentrations a tures. On the other hand, with respect to the whole structure it is necessary to limit the deformations. For a constant maximum temperature this can only be done by limiting the admissible stresses. The test results permit an initial estimation of maximum permissible stress and temperature values.
Interferences in the determination of nitrogen dioxide in a chemiluminescent analyser
Authors: Felstead D. K. , Maddison P. , Reilly D. A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA commercial chemiluminescent nitrogen oxides analyzer performed well in its nitric oxide mode when applied to the combustion products of polyurethane materials, but when test gases were passed through a thermal converter prior to measurement of nitrogen dioxide, serious, interferences was encountered from hydrogen cyanide and other nitrogen compounds.
Combustion inhibition of cellulose by powders: Preliminary data and hypotheses
Authors: McCarter R. J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSmall‐scale qualitative tests were used to screen 185 inorganic powders for flame and inhibiting effects upon cellulose. Nearly half of the compounds inhibited smoldering. These were limited to inorganic salts whose anions include boron, phosphorus, sulfur or halogen. Over half the compounds inhibited flaming, and about one‐third inhibited both flaming and smoldering. Differences were found between the actions of the powders and of similar retardants used in other forms and conditions. An appendix is included reporting the effects of alkali metal halides on the pyrolysis of cellulose. Implications of the results to the inhibitors are discussed.
An improved affinity support and immunoadsorbent with a synthetic blood group oligosaccharide and polymer coating for hemoperfusion
Authors: Mazid M. Abdul , Kaplan Marie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn improved affinity support and an immunoadsorbent suitable for extracorporeal perfusion of whole blood (or plasma) are reported. The affinity support consists of calcined diatomite‐type silica particles to which a synthetic oligosaccharide hapten, viz. Atrisaccharide representing human blood group A, with a linking spacer‐arm is chemically attached. The immunoadsorbent thus obtained is surface‐modified with a polymer coating. The modified immunoadsorbent is not hemolytic and shows no loss of biological activity in reducing antibody titers in vitro. An important feature of the improved immunoadsorbent is that the polymer coating providesa better surface resistance and therefore stability to the affinity support to prevent the release of potentially harmful fines. The usefulness of a physically stable support as an affinity adsorbent for the selective removal of specific antibodies or unwanted substances directly from the blood circulation by extracorporeal immunoadsorption has profound medical significance because this would provide an efficient but safe and practical alternative to therapeutic intervention using plasma exchange or plasma perfusion, both of which require plasmapheresis.
Acrylic bone cements: Residuals and extractability of methacrylate monomers and aromatic amines
Authors: Trap Birna , Wolff Per , Jensen Jørgen Steen 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new formulation of acrylic bone cement [methylmethacrylate/n‐decylmethacrylate/isobornylmethacrylate (MMA/DMA/IBMA)] developed with the purpose of reducing the biologic adverse effects of bone cements was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for residual content of monomers and aromatic amines from the accelerator system [dimethyl‐p‐toluidine (DMPT), dihydroxypropyl‐p‐toluidine (DHPPT)] in the cured cement and for concentrations of these constituents in hydrophilic and lipophilic eluates. In comparison with conventional polymethyl‐methacrylate acrylics a considerable reduction of both released and residual MMA was experienced, being about 10‐ to 15‐fold. The residual content of the new DMA and IBMA monomers were 0.35% and 0.66%, respectively, in cured cement after 72 h and these could only be detected in the paraffin eluates. The residual content of aromatic amines was considerably reduced with the new cement formulation. No DMPT could be detected and the DHPPT represented a 3‐ to 4‐fold reduction in cured cement and a 8‐ to 10‐fold reduction in eluates. The residual DHPPT content of about 0.07% was found to be practically constant with time. It is concluded that MMA/DMA/IBMA cement cures faster and more completely.
Preliminary effects of in vitro lipid exposure on absorbable poly(ortho ester) films
Authors: Andriano Kirk P. , Chang Melissa K. O. , Daniels A. U. , Heller Jorge 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBioabsorbable films show promise in preventing postoperative interfacial tissue adhesion. Absorbable polymers in film form are generally more sensitive to chemical environments, due to their large surface area to volume ratio. The in vivo environment contains lipids such as cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids, which are known to affect the degradation of permanent and absorbable polymeric biomateials. Preliminary investigations of in vitro lipid exposure of bioabsorbable poly(ortho ester) (POE) films for implant use are described. POE has been studied previously for use in controlled drug delivery and fracture fixation. Six‐week in vitro exposure of 65:35 POE films to a cholesterol emulsion (1 g/L) showed no apparent difference in hydrolytic degradation rates of mechanical properties or mass loss compared to deionized water exposed films. Decreases of 28 and 6% in inherent viscosity were observed after 5 weeks for cholesterol and deionized water exposed films, respectively, suggesting cholesterol may have some effect. Further examination of the data, due to sample variation, revealed that clear, uniform films showed only minor changes in mass loss and mechanical properties after 6 weeks in either of the in vitro media. But slightly cloudy films possessing microscopic bubbles showed accelerated degradation in both media, indicating the effect of cholesterol was inconclusive due to sample variation. Control of the microbubble formation process could have utility in controlling hydrolytic degradation of POE films. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental anastomoses of small arteries employing alkyl‐cyanoacrylates
Authors: Herrmann John B. , Katz Abraham R. , Woodward Stephen C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSutured, stapled, and methyl‐ or thickened n‐pentyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate‐adhered end‐to‐end arterial anastomoses were compared in two series of 10 dogs, employing the three 4‐mm diameter terminal branches of the aorta for these comparisons. Patency rate, speed of construction, and gross and microscopic appearances were employed as criteria for evaluation. In a series of adult white rabbits the same criteria were applied to compare sutured and thickened n‐pentyl‐2‐cyanoacrylateadhered end‐to‐end anastomoses of the 2‐mm diameter abdominal aorta. Anastomoses adhered with methyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate were significantly more often thrombosed than any other variety; a marked inflammatory response followed application of this material. Thickened n‐pentyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate adhesive was well tolerated, and the results obtained with this material were equivalent to those obtained by suturing or stapling in the dog, or by suturing in the rabbit.
Confirmation of the presence of β(AgHg) in dental amalgam
Authors: Johnson Lewis B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe presence of the β1 phase in dental amalgam after 60°C heating has been confirmed by x‐ray diffraction, metallography, microhardness tests, and electron beam analysis. It appeared that the γ1 → β1 transformation began at preferred sites, believed to be possibly areas deficient in Hg, and grew outward from these sites. Even after heating for nearly a year, however, some γ1 still remained in the sample.
The behavior of biological materials at different sites of implantation
Authors: Kaminski Edward J. , Oglesby Richard J. , Wood Norman K. , Sandrik James 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAdult albino rabbits were implanted with disks of 316 and 304 stainless steel in the subperiosteum of the anterior calvarium and the left mandible and in the left paravertebral and thigh muscles. The corresponding opposite sites were sham operated. The histopathological slides revealed that there was variation in thickness of the membrane in sections of both the paravertebral and thigh muscles; one side showing greater reaction than the other, which corresponded with the appearance of the implants. Sections of the calvarium revealed minimal bone and soft tissue reaction, although the implants showed corrosion compatible with soft tissue sites. The mandibular sections revealed extensive bone tissue reactions with minimum masseter muscle reactions, but the appearance of the implants due to corrosion was different than those of all other sites. Moderate eosinophilic infiltration was observed in sections containing deposits of corrosion products.
Discussion of correlations of blood coagulation with surface properties of materials
Authors: Bischoff Kenneth B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAn alternate correlation of blood coagulation time with surface properties of solids is proposed in that the work of adhesion is used rather than the surface free energy. The overall quality of the two correlations is about the same, but the new method does allow the important data point for glass to also be included. Possible useful future work of this type is discussed.
Implantation of autologous tissue fragments in velour fabric used to line cardiovascular prostheses: An in vivo culture system to produce cellular blood–prosthesis interfaces
Authors: Ghidoni John J. , Liotta Domingo , Adams J. Gordon , O'Neal Robert M. , Hall C. William 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrevious observations of pseudointimal organization within impermeable cardiovascular prostheses indicated that rapid spontaneous healing was dependent upon proximity of host vascular tissue at the suture line. Autologous connective tissue fragments were prepared from skeletal muscle biopsies by blender‐mincing muscle tissue. The fragments were embedded in the fabric used to line the inner wall of arterial prostheses. A tightly fitting piston was drawn through the prosthesis, forcing the suspended tissue fragments to flow around the piston and become entwined in the loops of the velour fabric. The arterial prostheses prepared in this way were inserted as replacements for segments of canine abdominal aorta. This in vivo culture system supported cellular proliferation and pseudointimas healed uniformly. Pseudointimas of paracorporeal pumps in operation for as long as 5 weeks did not show signs of healing. The same principle of filtration of tissue fragments into a lining fabric was applied to diaphragms of left ventricular bypass pumps. This type of paracorporeal pump supported in vivo culture of implanted fragments.
Use of spongy hydron in plastic surgery
Authors: Kliment K. , Štol M. , Fahoun K. , Stockar B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA hydrophilic plastic material (USA trademark Hydron), developed by Wichterle and Lím, was used as a sponge for augmentation of breasts in the clinic for plastic surgery. The preparation of the prosthesis and the operational procedures are described.
Experimental experiences with the collagen sponge as hemostaticum and tampon
Authors: Chvapil M. , Holuša R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe paper sums up experimental data for the preparation of a collagen sponge to be used as hemostaticum or tampon. Optimal conditions were found with respect to the degree of porosity and tanning of the sponge in order to attain both these properties separately. The native sponge partially ages by storage and its stability increases with increase of temperature during storage. The heat‐induced stability of the sponge, however, is not as great as the stability induced by tanning agents. No effect of irradiation on the stability of the collagen sponge was found within doses of 1–10 Mrad. The speed of resorption and tissue reaction of the subcutaneously implanted native and tanned collagen sponge was followed up and no hypersensitive reaction by the tissue was found. However, different reactions of the tissue to native and to tanned sponge were ascertained.
The toxicogenic potential of medical plastics sterilized with ethylene oxide vapors
Authors: O'Leary Robert K. , Guess Wallace L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractEthylene oxide appears to be an ideal sterilant for many heat‐sensitive items, but there are a number of disadvantages which require caution in its usage. Ethylene oxide has some deleterious effects on certain plastics and rubber. In particular, it acts as a solvent on such acrylic plastics as Lucite and Plexiglas, and it will attack the plasticizers found in many flexible medical‐grade tubing formulations. Perhaps more significant is the fact that this sterilant can produce some serious toxic manifestations when medical plastics are not properly degassed. This paper reviews some of the toxicities already reported in the medical literature and also presents new data on the hemolysis liability of many gassterilized pharmaceutical plastics. Both human blood hemolysis studies and cell culture data on 18 different polymers suggest that plasticized vinyl plastics have the highest toxicogenic potential. Experimental data presented on the solubility and partial pressure of ethylene oxide in a homologous series of phthalic acid esters indicate that the structure and concentration of plasticizers play a major role in the selection of the most effective degassing procedures to be used following ethylene oxide sterilization.
Study on a new soft denture liner of the sofdent type
Authors: Kliment K. , Štol M. , Raab M. , Štokr J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractIt has been shown that the admixture of diacetins in the capacity of a diluent in the polymerization of hydrophilic poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) gels improves the properties of products used as soft denture liners, especially by inhibiting the volume changes caused by swelling, and by improving the mechanical properties of gels as well as the strength of bond between the gel and the basic material of the prosthesis.
Use of porous ceramics to obliterate mastoid cavities
Authors: Leonard Ralph B. , Sauer Barry W. , Hulbert Samuel F. , Per‐Lee John H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mastoid process of the temporal bone can become infected with possible serious complications. If the infection does not respond to antibiotics, the infected area must be surgically removed, with the result that a cavity is formed. This cavity must be obliterated before the soft tissues can be closed over the site.Many biological tissues have been used in attempts to obliterate the mastoid cavity. Fat grafts and diced cartilage have shown less than optimum success because of their tendency to suffer various degrees of resorption. The most popular obliterative technique has been the musculoplasty in which a flap is cut from the temporalis muscle and rotated into the cavity. This method shows a great deal of success, but is a difficult procedure to do since the flap must be provided with adequate vascularity and must be cut to exactly the correct length. Hence this procedure works best for otologic surgeons who have had a great deal of experience in this method.Various forms of ceramics (either impervious spheres or porous pieces) have been used to obliterate the surgically produced cavity in the feline tympanic bulla. This bulla is a common model for the human mastoid. Since the ceramics must only fill the cavity and no stress is involved in this application, the brittle nature of ceramics is not a factor in their usefulness.The ceramics are held in place well by the ingrowing soft tissue and hence obliterate the cavity. Porous pieces of alumina seem to be best from the point of view of rapid tissue ingrowth holding them in place faster than the impervious spheres which require tissue to grow around them.The use of bioceramics to obliterate mastoid cavities would lead to an obliterative procedure in which an otologic surgeon would only have to excavate the infected cavity, fill it with ceramics, and close the site. He would not have to be involved with the tricky business of tailoring muscle flaps or obtaining homologous or autologous tissue.
Polyester textile bioadhesion to muscle and bone
Authors: Dunn Harold K. , King Robert , Andrade Joseph D. , de Vries Kenneth L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSurgical repair of injuries to the flexor tendons of the hand does not give satisfactory clinical results. In an attempt to solve this clinical problem, basic studies have been done aimed at developing an artificial tendon. In this paper, the anatomy of the flexor tendons and the physiology of their wound healing is related to the clinical problems encountered in this type surgery. It is proposed that a satisfactory way to solve this clinical problem is development of a permanently implantable functional flexor tendon prosthesis. Dacron polyester fabric of four various weave configurations were implanted into the musculotendinous junction of rabbits and into the femurs of dogs for periods varying from 2 to 8 weeks. The strength of the ingrowth into these fabrics was mechanically measured and related to surface area and porosity of the implant. Histological studies of the ingrowth was made. It would appear, at the musculotendinous junction, the strength of the ingrowth into the implant is primarily dependent on the internal fabric porosity and not the surface morphology. The strength of the ingrowth from the bone into the implant exceeded the strength of the materials in all specimens.
Replacement of intervertebral discs in chimpanzees by silicone‐Dacron implants: A preliminary report
Authors: Urbaniak James R. , Bright Donald S. , Hopkins Jay E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe have developed a prosthetic replacement for the intervertebral disc. Although current management of a patient with degenerative disc disease is usually effective, certain inadequacies in permanent pain relief do exist. Most of the persistent symptoms seem to occur because of vertebral settling with subsequent posterior joint incongruities followed by arthritic changes. Theoretically, the replacement of a diseased intervertebral disc, prior to the onset of irrevocable changes, with a spacer would maintain anatomical congruity and physiologic function. This study is the preliminary report of the development of a silicone‐Dacron prosthesis and its experimental trials in chimpanzees. Our early evaluation shows that the prosthesis allows motion, maintains the intervertebral space, and absorbs the compressive stresses placed on the spine. The artificial disc has a biomechanical behavior comparable to the normal chimp disc. Resorption of adjacent bone, reactive bone formation, and infection are complications that we have experienced. Continued evaluation is necessary.
Studies on the skeletal attachment of experimental hip prostheses in the pygmy goat and the dog
Authors: Esslinger John O. , Rutkowski Edward J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSignificant hazards to the use of femoral head prostheses–infection, corrosion, fatigue failure, interface motion, latent failure–dictate new standards for new prosthesis models. This study investigates ceramic‐coated metal hip prostheses which have the theoretical advantage of tissue ingrowth. In long‐term analysis, ingrowth did not occur in this study in the pygmy goat. Sintered metal prosteses were inserted in two dogs with bilateral congenital hip dysplasia. Excellent clinical results were obtained with radiologic evidence of bone envelopment of the sintered metal. Based on previous applications of silicone rubber to weight bearing by the author, the advantages of a silicone rubber prosthesis or silicone rubber‐covered prosthesis are tissue compatibility, new bone formation, peak stress dispersal, and simulation of normal articular cartilage. A silicone rubber prosthesis was fabricated for the pygmy goat. It was inserted and initially has given good clinical results.