bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local Production Systems and Economic Performance in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Rodriguez-Pose Andres 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent decades have brought about a growing interest in the economic performance of regions and localities and, as a consequence, in the forms of sub-national governance which are associated with different levels of economic dynamism. The reasons behind this growing focus on meso- and micro-levels of economic performance and governance and on local production systems are manifold and come from different fields. First and foremost are the changes that certain researchers have identified in the evolution of the capitalist system. Aglietta (1977), Boyer (I 986, 1989), and Scott and Storper (1986), to name but a few, have highlighted the profound transformation undergone by the traditional system of accumulation, based on mass-production and Taylorist principles, which is giving way to a post-industrial system in which flexibility seems to be the key word. Parallel to these structural changes, the dominant economic system of the post-war decades has been challenged from another angle. Advances in technology, information technology and deregulation have made movements of capital, information, goods, and services much easier than hitherto (Castells 1989 and 1996) and much more difficult to harness with traditional forms of governance. Economic globalization and the rise of the information society are creating a space of flows (Castells 1989) which is altering the traditional conception of space.
The Internal Creation of Consulting Knowledge: A Question of Structuring Experience
Authors: Werr Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As a growing phenomenon in business practice, management consulting is receiving increasing interest from researchers. However, the emerging image of the consulting service varies to a large extent according to the research tradition followed. Two main opposing perspectives have emerged-the functional and the critical. From the functional perspective, management consulting is depicted as a knowledge-based service aimed at improving the performance of its client businesses. Management consultants are seen as possessing unique knowledge of management techniques, and consulting organizations are treated as knowledge-intensive firms with an ability to generate and explore management knowledge through knowledge management activities.
The Virtual University?
Authors: Robins Kevin , Webster Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ‘virtual university’ is becoming a commonplace idea or trope. In this book, we aim to explore both the concept and the practice of the ‘virtual university’. Our exploration will be a critical one, hence the insertion of the question mark into our title—the ‘virtual university?’. Here, at the outset of our discussion, it will be useful to signal two particularly significant issues that must be addressed. The first concerns the importance of distinguishing between futurological predictions about the ‘virtual university’, on the one hand, and the more complex situation of what is actually happening in higher education, on the other. We need, that is to say, to separate the myths and ideologies that are proliferating about the ‘university of the future’ from changing realities and practices in actual universities now, in the present.
Managing ‘the Missing Girls’ in Chinese Population Discourse
Authors: Greenhalgh Susan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most vexed issues in the post-Cairo era of international population policy1 is that of the ‘missing girls’, or, less generously, ‘gender violence’ in China’s birth control programme. A growing body of evidence has linked the one-child per-family policy introduced in 1979 to the abandonment and infanticide of baby girls and, more recently, widespread abortion of female foetuses (Johnson 1993, 1996, 1998; Greenhalgh and Li 1995; Lavely 1997).2 As a result of these and other gender-differentiated practices, the sex ratio at birth has been rising. Between 1982 and 1989 the number of boys born per 100 girls born rose from 107 to 114, well above the biologically normal level of 105 to 106 (Zeng et al. 1993).3 In the early 1990s the ratio of boys to girls continued to climb, reaching 121 in 1993 and 1994 before falling to 116 in 1995 (Lavely 1997). What this means is that every year roughly a million baby girls vanish from the statistics, abandoned, killed, adopted, or aborted in utero.
How and why are international firms different? The consequences of cross-border managerial coordination for firm characteristics and behaviour
Authors: whitley richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) and related forms of organizational coordination of economic activities across national boundaries have been seen as central features of the increasing economic globalization taking place at the end of the twentieth century. Indeed, globalization is often understood as a process of increasing integration of national and regional economies, such that decisions, activities, and competitive strategies in one part of the world are closely linked to those in other parts. In some variants of the ‘strong’ globalization thesis, this integration is seen as leading to the institutionalization of a distinct global level of economic coordination and control (see, for example, the discussions of contrasting views of globalization in Held et al. 1999; Hirst and Thompson 1996; Ruigrok and van Tulder 1995).
The Making of a Global Firm: Local Pathways to Multinational Enterprise
Authors: kristensen peer hull , zeitlin jonathan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The putative lead agent of globalization, the multinational company (MNC) is traditionally seen as a coherent entity that will change the competitive selection process and make firms extinct that do not adapt to its new reality. The comparative advantage of the multinational, transnational, and global firm is believed to be its ability first to exploit, then to coordinate, and finally to optimize activities across countries with different comparative advantages at any given moment. Firms that do not possess such comparative advantages will suffer. It is the very essence of the concept of the emerging global firm that it should eventually acquire control over, and consequently inscribe into its own logic and internal hierarchy the local comparative advantages of non-global firms (Dunning 1993: xv, Exhibit 0.1.). Pushed by this lead agent, globalization unfolds according to a given logic that structures the world for all other agents.
They Came, They Surfed, They Went Back to the Beach: Conceptualizing Use and Non-Use of the Internet
Authors: Wyatt Sally , Thomas Graham , Terranova Tiziana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reports research that draws on insights and approaches from cultural studies, and science and technology studies, in order to explore how the internet has been and continues to be socially produced. Many ‘information society’ enthusiasts claim that the internet will improve access to information and entertainment and lead to greater social justice. Dissident voices suggest it will exacerbate social inequalities through the creation of information haves and have-nots and result in greater social control through the growth of elec tronic surveillance. Technological determinism can be detected on both sides. We reject technological determinism and instead highlight the complexity and dynamism of the internet, and contribute to the development of a sceptical critique of the ‘information society’.
Getting Real about Surveillance and Privacy at Work
Authors: Mason David , Button Graham , Lankshear Gloria , Coates Sally 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The five rules of virtuality that frame this volume (Woolgar, Chapter 1) seek to capture the ways in which the adoption of a ‘positive scepticism’ can contribute to our understanding of the impact and potential of new electronic and communication technologies. The five rules represent a shorthand summary of the counter-intuitive findings of the various projects that made up the ‘Virtual Society?’ programme. The project reported on here is no exception to this general pattern.
The Reality of Virtual Social Support
Authors: Nettleton Sarah , Pleace Nicholas , Burrows Roger , Muncer Steven , Loader Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is now well established that there exists a strong relationship between levels of social capital and social support, on the one hand, and levels of health and well-being, on the other (Callaghan and Morrissey 1993; Cooper et al. 1999). It can be demonstrated that variations in certain aspects of psycho-social life—such as sense of control, perceived social status, the strength of social affiliations, social support, self-esteem, feelings of ontological (in)security, and so on—lead to variations in a number of health outcomes (Wilkinson 1996; Elstad 1998; Lomas 1998; S. Williams 1998). In short, people who display a high degree of social participation and/ or have good social and community relationships tend, ceteris paribus, to have better physical and mental health.
Forum Selection And Forum Rejection In Us Courts: One Rationale For A Global Choice Of Court Convention
Authors: Brand* Ronald A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the end of 2001, negotiations at the Hague Conference on Private International Law for a Convention on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments had reached a critical stage, with doubts about the road ahead. The delegates to those negotiations had spent nearly a decade in an attempt to draft a treaty that would deal with both the rules of jurisdiction applied directly in the originating court and the rules governing recognition and enforcement of resulting judgments in the courts of another contracting state. A Preliminary Draft Convention completed in October of 1999 was revised under changed rules at the two weeks of Diplomatic Conference in June 2001.3 The resulting Interim Text is replete with bracketed language and variations within many articles, making it a lengthy catalogue of negotiating positions, but not particularly useful in working toward a final Convention.
Introduction: Conceiving Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Vertovec Steven , Cohen Robin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Cosmopolitanism’ is a long-sidelined concept recently reactivated by a wide range of social and political theorists. For various reasons, as David Harvey (2000: 529) puts it, ‘cosmopolitanism is back’. In most cases the re-emergence of cosmopolitanism arises by way of a pro-posed new politics of the left, embodying middle-path alternatives between ethnocentric nationalism and particularistic multiculturalism. For some contemporary writers on the topic, cosmopolitanism refers to a vision of global democracy and world citizenship; for others it points to the possibilities for shaping new transnational frameworks for making links between social movements.
Middle Eastern Experiences of Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Zubaida Sami 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arab and Muslim empires, like their predecessors and successors, brought together many peoples and cultures and established imperial centres that in their heydays comprised thriving artistic, literary and commercial cultures, aspects of which can be described as cosmopolitan. The Abbasid court, for instance, at its golden age in the eighth and ninth centuries, created such a cosmopolitan milieu mixing the Arab religion with the Persian culture and state-craft, patronizing poets and philosophers.
Taking Time Seriously: Organizational Change, Flexibility, and the Present Time in a New Perspective
Authors: Noss Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite the fact that time is underlying any change processes, in general, conventional organizational discourse still depicts the problem of change mainly from a ‘content’ view. If time plays a role at all, it is rendered to be of inferior conceptual importance. It will be argued that the dominant time perspectives that are implied in contemporary managerial thinking prove to be a retarding element as far as an enriched perspective on change and a conceptual consid eration and integration of organizational flexibility are concerned. In particular, the fact that today’s organizations have to deal with an emergent environment, which is increasingly hard to determine and never stands still, underlines the need to reformulate the organization–environmentrelationship as arelationship in-time. Therefore, a new conceptual outline of flexible and ‘movable’ organizations in a relentlessly changing environment is suggested. Modern systems theory and a social-phenomenological conception of the present time serve as the conceptual points of departure. Implications for a new change management are addressed.
Knowledge and Learning in Natural Language
Authors: Yang Charles D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a simple observation that children make mistakes when they learn a language. Yet, to the trained eye, these mistakes are far from random; in fact, they closely resemble perfectly grammatical utterances by adults--who speak other languages. This type of error analysis suggests a novel view of language learning: children are born with a fixed set of hypotheses about language--Chomsky's Universal Grammar--and these hypotheses compete to match the child's ambient language in a Darwinian fashion. The book presents evidence for this perspective from the study of children's words and grammar, and how language changes over time.
The Information Economy
Authors: Shapiro Carl , Varian Hal R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the century closed, the world became smaller. The public rapidly gained access to new and dramatically faster communication technologies. Entrepreneurs, able to draw on unprecedented scale economies, built vast empires. Great fortunes were made. The government demanded that these powerful new monopolists be held accountable under antitrust law. Every day brought forth new technological advances to which the old business models seemed no longer to apply. Yet, somehow, the basic laws of economics asserted themselves. Those who mastered these laws survived in the new environment. Those who did not, failed.
Local Labor Market Policies and Social Integration in Europe: Potential and Pitfalls of Integrated Partnership Approaches
Authors: Evers Adalbert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unemployment and social exclusion seem to have established themselves as key problems at the turn of the millennium. The unemployment rate in the European Union stands at nearly 10 percent representing some 16 million people. Approximately 50 million EU citizens are considered to be poor. The growth of productivity as a consequence of technological innovation and the effects of economic globalization may aggravate the situation in the future. Evidently, the model of social integration and inclusion developed over the past 50 years by Western European welfare states can no longer be expected successfully to curb unemployment, exclusion, and poverty when these are no longer temporary individual risks, but widespread and lasting social phenomena.
Italian Migration
Authors: Boca Daniela Del , Venturini Alessandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Italy is a country with a long history of emigration and a very short experience of immigration. Mass emigration started with Italian unification: during the period 1861–1976 over 26 million people emigrated, half of them towards other European countries, the rest towards North and South America. Two-fifths of all these emigrations originated from the regions in the south of Italy. The reasons were, on the one hand, the slow and difficult development of the Italian economy and, on the other, the economic expansion which characterized other countries between the second half of the nineteenth century and the First World War. After the Second World War, Italians emigrated mostly towards Europe, especially Germany. In the same years, the development of the industrial north stimulated mass internal migration from the south to the north west.
Migrations in Spain: Historical Background and Current Trends
Authors: Bover Olympia , Velilla Pilar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spaniards have historically moved in large numbers in response to economic incentives. At the beginning of the twentieth century the out-flow to South America was massive and later, from the 1950s through the 1960s and 1970s, emigration to Europe was impressive. At the same time, during the 1960s and 1970s, inter-regional mobility inside Spain was also substantial. However, since the mid 1980s we witness in Spain what may seem a migration puzzle: despite persistent unemployment differentials, high unemployment regions are not any more net outmigration regions while rich and low unemployment ones are no longer net immigration regions. Since this is the currently important migration issue in Spain, in this chapter more attention will be devoted to internal migration and its determinants.
Property—Rights in Rem or Wealth?
Authors: Harris Jim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If we wish to compare modern systems of contract, we can probably start with a rough trans-systemic conception of what a contract is, although we may then argue about the true rationale for enforcing contracts. The same applies to the notion of a civil wrong as the basis for comparing systems of tort/delict; or to the idea of a nuclear family, around which we can contrast various systems of family law. ‘Property’ is more elusive, precisely because the rationales invade the concept at its core in ways I shall explore. No one has contributed more effectively to this problem than Bernard Rudden, principally in two seminal essays: ‘Economic Theory v Property Law: the Numerus Clausus Problem’;2 and ‘Things as Thing and Things as Wealth’. What emerges, as we shall see, is that we cannot proceed to any advantage in comparative property law without inventing theoretical constructs that transcend local legal dogmatics.
The Employment Relationship through the Lens of Social Exchange
Authors: Coyle-shapiro Jacqueline A-M , conway Neil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Almost half a century ago, Homans (1958: 597-8) wrote “[exchange] ... is one of the oldest theories of social behavior, and one that we still use every day to interpret our own behavior ... [but] this view has been much neglected by social scientists.” Presently, social exchange is a dominant theoretical framework used to examine the employment relationship as exemplified by research on psychological contracts (Rousseau 1995) and perceived organizational support (Eisenberger et al. 1986) and its consequences on employee attitudes and behavior.
Narratives of Individual and Organizational Identities
Authors: Czarniawska-Joerges Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In spite of the claim that machines and organisms are the most popular images of organization (Morgan, 1986), the conception of organizations as superpersons is another metaphor that is as popular and taken for granted. This superperson is seen as a decision maker, understood sometimes as the leader, sometimes the management group or the organization as a collective.(Czarniawska-Joerges, 1993).
Introduction
Authors: Friedman Andrew L , Miles Samantha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The classic definition of a stakeholder is ‘any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives’ (Freeman 1984: 46).1 At its broadest and most ambitious the stakeholder concept represents a redefinition of all organizations: how they should be conceptualized and what they should be. The organization itself should be thought of as a grouping of stakeholders and the purpose of the organization should be to manage their interests, needs and viewpoints.
The Evolving Status of NGOs under International Law: A Threat to the Inter-State System?
Authors: Kamminga* Menno T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1996 Judge Gilbert Guillaume, the then President of the International Court of Justice, took the unusual step of publicly criticizing the role played by NGOs, in the context of the Court’s advisory opinion on the legality of nuclear weapons. In an individual opinion, he expressed his unease about the role played by the International Association of Lawyers against Nuclear Arms (!ALANA) and other groups bringing pressure to bear on the Assemblies of the United Nations and the World Health Organization in order to induce them to refer a request for an advisory opinion to the Court.
Windows of the Soul
Authors: Porter Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In late fifteenth century Florence, Renaissance humanists rediscovered a secret, natural language hidden in the visual wisdom of the proverb 'the eyes are the windows of the soul'. Through its magical prism, the language of eyes, faces, voices, laughs, walks, even stones, plants and animals, all became windows into the souls of other people, of oneself, of nature, and ultimately of God. Some saw in its words the perfect hieroglyphic language by which Adam had first named nature, which, when combined with the art of memory, could bring about a form of 'inner writing' or mystical self-transformation. Yet many others dismissed it as a collection of arbitrary conventions, superstitious enigmas, or 'gypsy' riddles. Embroiled in the religious persecution of the Reformation, rejected as a science during the Scientific Revolution, in the age of Enlightenment physiognomy came to be seen as nothing more than an amusing entertainment. But with the dawn of Romanticism, be it in the realms of science, religion, or poetry, some began to see that physiognomy was no game and the flame of serious interest in physiognomy was once again rekindled. Combining book history and visual history, Dr Porter reconstructs this physiognomical eye, interprets the way in which books on physiognomy were read and traces the wider intellectual, social, and cultural changes that contributed to the metamorphosis of this way of beholding oneself and the natural world from the Renaissance to the dawn of Romanticism.
Upper Echelons Theory Origins, Twists And Turns, And Lessons Learned
Authors: Hambrick Donald C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The central idea of upper echelons theory is that executives act on the basis of their highly personalized interpretations of the situations and options they face. That is, executives inject a great deal of themselves their experiences, personalities, and values into their behaviors. To the extent those behaviors are of consequence, say in shaping strategy or inXuencing the actions of others, organizations then become reXections of their top managers.
Where Does Inequality Come From? The Personal And Intellectual Roots Of Resource-Based Theory
Authors: Barney Jay B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has been said that all writing is autobiographical. If true, then one’s research because it is such an intense and focused form of writing must be a particularly intimate form of autobiography. In this sense, all scholarship is self-revelatory. It is as if there is embedded, within the body of one’s published work, a hidden Rorschach test that reveals more than even the author sometimes knows.
Managerial And Organizational Cognition Islands Of Coherence
Authors: Huff Anne S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cognition is important. Attempts to understand it are rooted most deeply in psychology, a Weld that takes a major share of the behavioural science pie in most universities, often larger than the other main contenders: sociology and economics. As cognition became a subject of its own in the 1970s and 1980s, it was strongly shaped by the sub Weld of social psychology, but also by computer and information science, along with many other Welds. It was a ‘‘golden era’’ of argument within an arena that all agreed had enormous potential. Part of the assurance of those working in the emerging discipline came from rapid developments in computer science, and the assumption that the human brain functioned in the way a computer (of that time) functioned.