bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Retention in Small Constructed Wetlands Treating Agricultural Drainage Water
Authors: Reinhardt Miriam , Gächter René , Wehrli Bernhard , Müller Beat 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe construction of artificial wetlands has become a measure increasingly applied to reduce nonpoint‐source (NPS) pollution and to contribute to the restoration of eutrophic lakes and coastal waters. In a 2‐yr study monitoring fluxes of particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) in a small artificial wetland for the treatment of agricultural drainage water in Central Switzerland, water residence time was identified as the main factor controlling P retention in the system. Since most of the annual P load (62% as dissolved reactive phosphorus, DRP) was related to high discharge events, it was not average but minimum water residence time during flood events that determined the wetland's P retention. In agreement with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model, our investigations suggest a minimum water residence time of 7 d to retain at least 50% of the bioavailable P. The investigated wetland retained only 2% of the bioavailable P, since the water residence time was shorter than 7 d during 61% of time in both years. Settling of phytoplankton rather than DRP uptake into phytoplankton limited the retention of bioavailable P. The overall retention efficiency of 23% total phosphorus (TP), corresponding to a surface related retention of 1.1 g P m−2 yr−1, was due to the efficient trapping of pedogenic particles.
New Amides of 5‐Acylamino‐3‐Methyl‐4‐Isothiazolecarboxylic Acid and their Immunotropic Activity
Authors: Lipnicka Urszula , Regiec Andrzej , Sułkowski Emil , Zimecki Michał 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral new amides 4 of 5‐substituted 3‐methyl‐4‐isothiazolecarboxylic acid were obtained. These compounds have acetylamino or benzoylamino groups in position 5 of the isothiazole ring. In position 4, the carboxylic group was transformed in the amides using amino‐acid esters. Activities of the obtained derivatives were checked in the humoral immune response and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) in vivo.
A diabetes‐like environment increases malformation rate and diminishes prostaglandin E2 in rat embryos: Reversal by administration of vitamin E and folic acid
Authors: Wentzel Parri , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDOffspring of women with diabetes are at increased risk for congenital malformations and disturbed growth compared with infants from nondiabetic pregnancies. The precise biological process behind these effects is not yet completely clarified. Previous studies have suggested that diabetic embryopathy is associated with increased level of oxidative stress and disturbed arachidonic acid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a diabetes‐like environment both in vivo and in vitro increases embryonic levels of isoprostanes and alters embryonic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration. Furthermore, we studied whether vitamin E and folic acid treatment rectify such alterations.METHODSEmbryos from diabetic and nondiabetic rats at gestational days (GDs) 10 and 11 were used. In the in vitro experiments, we used whole embryo culture, which mimics pregnancy. GD 9 embryos from nondiabetic rats were cultured for either 24 hr (corresponding to GD 10) or 48 hr (corresponding to GD 11) and exposed to 10 or 30 mM glucose concentration with or without folic acid.RESULTSEmbryos from diabetic rats and embryos cultured in a high glucose concentration showed increased malformation rates. Dietary treatment with vitamin E in vivo and supplementation of folic acid in the culture medium with 30 mM glucose in vitro decreased the malformation rate, decreased embryonic isoprostane levels, and increased PGE2 concentration.CONCLUSIONSDiabetes‐induced oxidative stress and disturbance of PGE2 production may contribute to the embryonic dysmorphogenesis in the offspring of diabetic rodents and, thereby, may also have a role in human diabetic embryopathy. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What tangled web: barriers to rampant horizontal gene transfer
Authors: Kurland Charles G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDawkins in his The Selfish Gene(1) quite aptly applies the term “selfish” to parasitic repetitive DNA sequences endemic to eukaryotic genomes, especially vertebrates. Doolittle and Sapienza(2) as well as Orgel and Crick(3) enlivened this notion of selfish DNA with the identification of such repetitive sequences as remnants of mobile elements such as transposons. In addition, Orgel and Crick(3) associated parasitic DNA with a potential to outgrow their host genomes by propagating both vertically via conventional genome replication as well as infectiously by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to other genomes. Still later, Doolittle(4) speculated that unchecked HGT between unrelated genomes so complicates phylogeny that the conventional representation of a tree of life would have to be replaced by a thicket or a web of life.(4) In contrast, considerable data now show that reconstructions based on whole genome sequences are consistent with the conventional “tree of life”.(5–10) Here, we identify natural barriers that protect modern genome populations from the inroads of rampant HGT. BioEssays 27:741–747, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lessons from nature: On the molecular recognition elements of the phosphoprotein binding‐domains
Authors: Roque A. Cecília A. , Lowe Christopher R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe reversible phosphorylation of proteins regulates many biological processes. Despite the technological advances in the enrichment and detection of phosphorylated proteins, the currently available techniques still struggle with the complexity of the human proteome. The aim of this review is to highlight the molecular recognition elements of the interaction between phosphorylated proteins and peptides and pTyr or pSer/Thr‐binding domains. The identification of the recognition features of the naturally occurring pTyr‐ and pSer/Thr‐binding domains can contribute to an understanding of the molecular aspects of the affinity and specificity for phosphorylated residues. This might inspire the design of small “biomimetic” molecules with potential applications in assessing the extent of the phosphoproteome using affinity‐based strategies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide with high‐doses of arabinosylcytosine and methotrexate (HyperCHiDAM Verona 897)
Authors: Todeschini Giuseppe , Tecchio Cristina , Pasini Felice , Benedetti Fabio , Cantini Maurizio , Crippa Claudia , Draisci Michela , Pizzolo Giovanni 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPatients who have aggressive, refractory or recurrent non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) that are refractory to first‐line anthracycline‐containing regimens (ACRs) have a dismal outcome. Achieving complete remission (CR) is essential for a favorable outcome. To improve the CR rate in these patients, the authors designed a new protocol that contained hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide (CTX), high‐dose arabinosylcytosine (HiDAC), and high‐dose methotrexate (MTX) delivered sequentially in the same cycle and followed by the administration of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) (HyperCHiDAM Verona 897).METHODSBetween February 1998 and May 2002, 28 consecutive adult patients (median age, 44 years) with aggressive NHL (B‐lineage in 21%, T‐lineage in 7%, and Ki‐67 percentage > 50 in 82%) were entered on the protocol after they had failed on ACRs (15 patients with refractory disease, 6 patients with stable disease, 5 patients with recurrent disease, and 2 patients in partial remission). Patients characteristics were as follows: Twenty‐two patients had Stage III–IV NHL (78.6%), 19 patients had B symptoms (67.8%), 22 patients had extranodal disease (78.6%), 12 patients had bulky mass (42.8%), 18 patients elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels (66%), and 8 patients had high‐intermediate/high International Prognostic Index scores (64.3%). Patients received hyperfractionated CTX (300 mg/m2) and HiDAC (2 g/m2) every 12 hours on Days 2–4 and received high‐dose MTX (400 mg/m2 bolus plus 1600 mg/m2 as a 24‐hour continuous infusion on Day 1 with folinic rescue), followed by G‐CSF. Subsequently, 15 patients underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT), and 4 patients underwent allogeneic SCT.RESULTSA CR was achieved by 18 of 28 patients (64.3%), a partial remission was achieved by 6 patients (21.4%), 4 patients were nonresponders or had progressive disease (14.3%), and there was 1 early toxic death (3.5%). Two of 18 patients developed recurrent disease (11.1%). The median follow‐up for all patients was 35 months (range, from 2 months to ≥ 74 months). Among the patients who achieved a continuous CR, the median follow‐up was 48 months (range, from ≥ 32 months to ≥ 73 months). At the time of the current report, 13 of 28 patients (46.42%) were event‐free.CONCLUSIONSHyperCHiDAM Verona 897 was an effective regimen for patients with aggressive NHL who failed on ACRs, and it allowed patients to undergo subsequent SCT. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The Influence of Promoters and Poisons on Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Rh(100): A DFT Study
Authors: Nieskens Davy L. S. , Curulla Ferré Daniel , Niemantsverdriet J. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations were performed to determine the pairwise lateral interaction energies between carbon monoxide and coadsorbed elements from the first three rows of the periodic table on a Rh(100) surface. The atoms were placed in a c(2×2) arrangement of fourfold hollow sites and the carbon monoxide probe molecule in a p(2×2) arrangement, so that each CO molecule had four atoms as nearest neighbours. The alkali atoms show an attractive interaction with CO while the other atoms show a repulsive interaction. For second‐row elements the maximum repulsion is at nitrogen and for third‐row elements at sulphur. Attempts to correlate the interaction energies with properties of the system, such as electronegativity, distances, or change in work function, failed, which implies that each combination of adsorbates needs to be calculated separately.
New Copper Chalcogenide Clusters with a Selenide Core and a Sulfide Shell
Authors: Fuhr Olaf , Fernandez‐Recio Lucia , Fenske Dieter 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe reaction of copper(I) acetate with mixtures of PhSSiMe3 and Se(SiMe3)2 in the presence of PPh3 leads to a series of new cluster compounds consisting of a copper selenide core surrounded by a sulfide shell: [Cu17Se(SPh)15(PPh3)4], [Cu20Se(SPh)12(OAc)6(PPh3)4], [Cu28Se6(SPh)16(PPh3)8], [Cu36Se8(SPh)20(PPh3)8], [Cu54Se8(SPh)30(OAc)8(PPh3)6], and[Cu72Se14(SPh)36(OAc)8(PPh3)6]. They have been structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The two smallest clusters have a ball‐like structure with one selenium atom in the center totally enclosed by sulfur atoms. In the other clusters the inner copper–selenium core is surrounded by an incomplete sulfur shell varying between 53 and 87 % coverage. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cationic Iridium Complexes with Chiral Dithioether Ligands: Synthesis, Characterisation and Reactivity under Hydrogenation Conditions
Authors: Flores‐Santos Leticia , Martin Erika , Aghmiz Ali , Diéguez Montserrat , Claver Carmen , Masdeu‐Bultó Anna M. , Muñoz‐Hernández Miguel Ángel 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of cationic IrI complexes containing chiral dithioether ligands have been prepared in order to study the influence of the sulfur substituents and the metallacycle size on the acetamidoacrylate hydrogenation reaction. In the case of complexes 6, 7 and 10, a mixture of diastereomers is observed in solution due to the sulfur inversion processes. In contrast, this fluxional behaviour is efficiently controlled by using bicyclic ligands which inhibit the S‐inversion in complexes 8 and 9. The solid‐state structure of complex 10b shows only one diastereomer with the sulfur substituents in a relative anti disposition and in an overall configuration of SCSCSSSS at the coordinated dithioether ligand. Iridium complexes containing seven‐ and six‐membered metallacycles (6b–d, 7b,c, 10a,b) react with the substrate through S‐ligand substitution, and the rate of this substitution is related to the position of the fluorine atom on the aromatic ring. On the contrary, complexes containing a bismetallacycle (8 and 9) are not displaced by the substrate. The catalytic hydrogenation activity of complexes 8 and 9 is analysed in terms of the high stability of the corresponding dihydride complexes (13 and 14). In both cases, only two of the four possible diastereomeric dihydride species are formed in solution. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Additive Nature of Energy Penalties in 10‐Vertex nido‐(Car)boranes
Authors: Kiani Farooq A. , Hofmann Matthias 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA structural increment system, i.e. quantitative rules that govern the relative stabilities of 10‐vertex nido‐boranes and‐carboranes, has been determined. Density functional theory computations at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level with ZPE corrections were carried out for 81 different boron hydride and carborane structures from [B10H12]2– to C3B7H11 to determine their relative stabilities. A set of eleven disfavored geometrical features that destabilize a cluster structure relative to a hypothetical ideal situation were identified and weighted by so‐called energy penalties. The latter show good additive behavior and allow us to reproduce the DFT computed relative energies mostly with an accuracy of 6.0 kcal mol–1. Some unknown 10‐vertex nido‐carboranes that are thermodynamically more stable than their known isomers are also identified. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Coordination Assembly of TTF Derivatives through CuI Bridges
Authors: Lu Wen , Yan Zhe‐Min , Dai Jie , Zhang Yong , Zhu Qin‐Yu , Jia Ding‐Xian , Guo Wen‐Juan 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe sulfur‐rich ligand C12H12O4S6 (1) and complexes [(C12H12O4S6)CuI]2 (2) and [(C7H6O4S3)CuI]∞ (3) have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically. Molecules of compound 1, a tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivative, have a boat‐shaped configuration and are packed discretely within the crystal. Compound 1 coordinates to a rhomboid CuI center forming a dimeric TTF derivative 2. In complex 2 the boat‐shaped configuration of 1 is flattened. Molecules of 2 are packed regularly and compactly in the crystal and are arranged side by side with short S···S contacts, which assemble the molecules into a 1D ribbon structure. This provides evidence that metal coordination or assembly is a useful stratagem for changing the molecular configuration and packing that further influence the intermolecular interactions. Complex 3 has a step‐like polymeric structure formed by copper‐iodine bridges and copper‐sulfur bridges (coordinated thiocarbonyl). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Towards a Library of “Early‐Late” Ti–Ru Bimetallic Complexes
Authors: Bareille Laurianne , Le Gendre Pierre , Richard Philippe , Moïse Claude 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of new titanocene phosphanes 3–6 have been prepared by replacing both chloride atoms at the titanium atom of the complexes [TiCl2(η5‐C5H5){η5‐C5H4(CH2)2PR2}] (1: R = Ph; 2: R = Cy) by sodium fluoride or sodium benzoate in two‐phase systems. Treatment of these new metalloligands with the binuclear complex [(p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 affords the targeted titanocene difluoride and titanocene dibenzoate bimetallic ruthenium complexes 8–11. The first chiral Ti–Ru bimetallic complex 12 bearing a binaphthyloxy ligand at the titanium centre has been synthesised in this way. In each series, an X‐ray crystal structure has been determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Bridging β‐Lactam Coordination at Dinuclear Zinc Sites
Authors: Meyer Franc , Pritzkow Hans 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo highly preorganized dizinc scaffolds based on compartmental pyrazolate ligands are found to incorporate 2‐azetidinone in its deprotonated β‐lactamide form as an N,O‐bridging ligand within the dimetallic pocket. Both dizinc β‐lactamide complexes 3·(ClO4)2 and 4·(ClO4)2 have been characterized structurally and spectroscopically, revealing a strengthening of the β‐lactamide C–N bond and a weakening of the C=O bond relative to free 2‐azetidinone. These findings contrast the reverse geometrical changes observed recently by Brombacher and Vahrenkamp for β‐lactamide N‐bound to only a single zinc ion, thus underlining the particular dimetallic effect that is achieved by the cooperativity of two adjacent metal ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
First Examples of Chalcofluoride Rhenium Cluster Complexes with Cubane‐Like Anions [Re4Q4F12]4– (Q = S, Se)
Authors: Mironov Yuri V. , Yarovoi Spartak S. , Naumov Dmitry Y. , Kuratieva Natalia V. , Kozlova Svetlana G. , Simon Arndt , Fedorov Vladimir E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo rhenium tetrahedral cluster chalcofluoride compounds, K4[Re4S4F12]·3.4 H2O (1) and K4[Re4Se4F12]·6 H2O (2), have been synthesized for the first time by a reaction of Re4Q4(TeCl2)4Cl8 (Q = S, Se) with molten KHF2. Both compounds have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Compound 1 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R$\tilde {3}$ with 24 formula units per cell [a = b = 23.6503(3) Å, c = 25.2697(7) Å, V = 12240.6(4) Å3 (T = 293 K)]; compound 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P$\tilde {1}$ with four formula units per cell [a = 10.6451(3) Å, b = 14.6853(4) Å, c = 16.9349(5) Å, α = 66.8420(10)°, β = 84.8460(10)°, γ = 85.5740(10)°, V = 2421.69(12) Å3 (T = 293 K)]. Hydrophilic terminal fluoride ligands of cluster anions are included in the hydrogen bond systems of their hydrate shells. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Structural and Magnetic Investigation of Ferromagnetically Coupled Copper(II) Isophthalates (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 12/2005)
Authors: Shen Wei‐Zheng , Chen Xiao‐Yan , Chen Peng , Yan Shi‐Ping , Zhai Bin , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows how the isophthalate‐bridged jystructures are tuned by various polydentate ligands from tetradentate ligand tpa to tridentate ligand tpm to bidentate ligand bpm, which results in one dinuclear and two one‐dimensional complexes, [Cu2(tpa)2(m‐bda)](ClO4)2 (1), {[Cu2(tpm)2(m‐bda)2]·2CH3OH·4H2O}n (2) and {[Cu2(bpm)2(m‐bda)2(H2O)]·CH3CN·H2O}n (3). The variable‐temperature magnetic behavior reveals the existence of ferromagnetic interactions in them. Details of synthesis and characterization of these complexes are given in the article by P. Cheng et al. on p. 2297 ff.
The Synthesis of Novel p‐Quinone Methides: O‐Dealkylation of5‐(p‐Alkyloxyaryl)‐10,11‐dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐ols and Related Compounds
Authors: Taljaard Benjamin , Taljaard Jana H. , Imrie Christopher , Caira Mino R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of novel tricyclic p‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) from 5‐(p‐alkyloxyaryl)‐10,11‐dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐ol and related substrates in moderate‐to‐good yields is reported. The reaction is proposed to proceed under mild acidic conditions by O‐dealkylation of the p‐alkoxy group on the p‐position of the pendant 5‐aryl ring on the B‐ring of the tricyclic system.The effect of different alkyl groups on the oxygen atom, as well as substituent groups on the phenyl ring flanking the O‐alkyl group has also been investigated The mechanism of the reaction is discussed in terms of the relatively high intermediate cation stabilities, the possible intermediacy of a hemiketal, as well as conformational effects. Various modifications to the central seven‐membered B‐ring to introduce more rigidity to the tricyclic system have been made and the scope of the reaction further elaborated. Furthermore, the single crystal structure of dienone 14 has been determined and the p‐quinone methide shown to be non‐planar, which would account for the relative conformational rigidity of these systems and their ability to accommodate the planar cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienone moiety and thus explain the stability of these systems relative to their 5‐ and six‐membered B‐ring counterparts. These compounds may be useful for the synthesis of novel dyes or compounds which may exhibit photochromic and thermochromic properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
A Diels–Alder Reaction for the Total Synthesis of the Novel Antibiotic Antitumor Agent Mensacarcin
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Güntner Carlos , Gericke Kersten M. , Schuberth Ingrid , Bunkoczi Gabor 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe antibiotic mensacarcin (1), which contains nine stereogenic centers and two epoxy functionalities, is a novel antitumor agent that was first isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. Gö C4/4 found in a soil sample next to the northern cafeteria of the University of Göttingen. For the synthesis of 1 and related structurally simplified analogs, aDiels–Alder reaction of O‐methyljuglone (11) and the tetrasubstituted 1,3‐butadiene 22 was performed to give the cycloadduct rac‐28, which was transformed into the epoxides rac‐31 and rac‐33. The cytotoxicity of rac‐33 is only 53 times lower than the much more complex 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Cyanophenylation of Aromatic Nitriles by Terephthalonitrile Dianion: Is the Charge‐Transfer Complex a Key Intermediate?
Authors: Panteleeva Elena V. , Shchegoleva Lyudmila N. , Vysotsky Viktor P. , Pokrovsky Leonid M. , Shteingarts Vitalij D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe interaction of terephthalonitrile (1) dianion (12–) with benzonitrile (2) or m‐tolunitrile (3) provides 4,4'‐dicyanobiphenyl (4) or 4,4'‐dicyano‐2‐methylbiphenyl (5), respectively. This result shows that dianion 12– serves as a reagent for p‐cyanophenylation of aromatic nitriles. Based on experimental data, such as the chemical trapping of the 4,4'‐dicyanobiphenyl precursor 4‐cyano‐1‐(p‐cyanophenyl)cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienyl anion (7) and the failure to obtain biphenyl 4 through the interaction of independently generated radical anions (RAs) 1·– and 2·–, as well as on the results of quantum‐chemical calculations, a mechanism is suggested that includes a charge‐transfer complex (CTC) between 12– and the aromatic nitrile as the key intermediate. The formation of this CTC is followed either by an intracomplex electron transfer (ET) and recombination of terephthalonitrile and aromatic nitrile RAs within an unequilibrated RA pair, or by synchronous ET and bonding of the ipso‐carbon atom of terephthalonitrile with the p‐carbon atom of the aromatic nitrile. The synthetic significance of p‐cyanophenylation of arenecarbonitriles by dianion 12– is illustrated by the high yield of biphenyl product 4 (approx. 90 %) as well as by the possibility of a one‐pot synthesis of 4‐butyl‐4'‐cyanobiphenyl and 4‐butyl‐4'‐cyano‐2‐methylbiphenyl by successive treatment of dianion 12– with nitrile 2 or 3 and butyl bromide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Synthesis of Sterically Hindered Biaryls by Zr‐Mediated Co‐cyclotrimerization of Alkynes
Authors: Dufková Lenka , Kotorax Martin , Císařová Ivana 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTreatment of zirconacyclopentadienes with ortho‐substituted arylpropynoates in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of CuCl or NiBr2(PPh3)2 represents a novel approach to the synthesis of biaryls, formed in good yields. The CuCl‐mediated reaction proceeded through two reaction mechanisms, also affording Dewar benzenes together with the corresponding biaryls. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)