bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Transformation of Islamic Education in Pesantren Madura
Authors: Hasan Mohammad , Muhammad Taufiq  , Hüseyin Elmhemit  
Published: October 2023

Digital transformation is an inevitability in the era of society 5.0. This study examined the digital transformation of Islamic education of Pesantren in Madura. This study employed a qualitative approach, focusing on social education. The study was conducted using interview techniques for Kiai, santri, and researchers in Madura. There were three social facts in the digital transformation of Islamic education. First, the digital transformation in Kiai Pesantren Madura Perspective. Second, implementation of digital transformation of Islamic education at Pesantren Madura. Third, opportunities and challenges for pesantren in facing digital transformation in Islamic education. The Kiai in Pesantren Madura who initially practiced traditional Islamic education were following the development of digital transformation. The positive response can be seen from their perspective on the digital transformation of Islamic education and its implementation in facing digital transformation. Also, some Pesantren have prepared digital literacy facilities and human resources. Even though they have great opportunities in implementing digital transformation, they have the challenge of limited human resources and facilities.
Promoting medication safety with a unit-based safe medication management and use protocol - contents and development
Authors: Saavalainen Anu , Kuusisto Marianne , Linden-Lahti Carita , Laukkanen Emilia , Vahlberg Tero , Holmström Anna-Riia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Deficiencies in medication safety have been identified as a central challenge to patient safety. In Finland, all health and social care units must establish a unit-based safe medication management and use (MMU) protocol to manage their medication safety risks. This study aimed to investigate the development practices and contents of unit-based safe MMU protocols as a measure for promoting medication safety.
Methods
The study was conducted as a cross-sectional online survey of Finnish registered nurses and pharmacists working in health and social care units. Frequencies and percentages described the data. Sum variables were formed to describe the comprehensiveness of the contents in the unit-based safe MMU protocols at the respondents’ units. Statistical differences in responses were assessed by t-test, Mann-Whitney-U test, and Kruskal-Wallis H-test.
Results
A total of 905 professionals responded to the survey (nurses 90.2%, pharmacists 9.8%). A unit-based MMU protocol existed in most respondents’ units (91.5%). In only 11.6% of the units, the protocol was developed as a multi-professional effort, more commonly in healthcare than social care units. On average, respondents rated the content of their MMU protocols as comprehensive, with no significant differences between work environments. The most weakly described areas were medication safety management (mean 3.09, SD 0.95), medication reconciliation and ensuring patient involvement in their medication care (mean 3.13, SD 0.81), and managing risks in the MMU process (mean 3.30, SD 0.68).
Conclusions
Unit-based safe MMU protocols are key tools in describing the MMU process and other practices related to medication safety in the Finnish health and social care service system. However, the multi-professional development of protocols should increase, especially in social care units, and promote the involvement of doctors and pharmacists in the process. Preventive, systems-based medication safety risk management needs to be strengthened in the protocols and the competencies of healthcare professionals in the present area.
The tooth movement efficiency of different orthodontic thermoplastics for clear aligners: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Mu Chuangchuang , Sun Bingjing , Gong Zhicheng , Wei Yuanyuan , Chen Li , Zhang Wei , Wu Haimiao , Zhao Bingjiao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Introduction: With regard to the esthetics and comfort of orthodontic treatment, the requirement for removable clear aligners (CAs) is increasing. Unlike conventional fixed orthodontic appliances, CAs were made of thermoplastic film by thermoforming on the personalized dental models. The construction of orthodontic thermoplastic is a critical factor for orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) are the most commonly orthodontic thermoplastics, however, the evidence of the differences between different orthodontic thermoplastic are limited to vitro environment and the evidence in vivo environment is not available. Therefore, this trial aims to provide reliable evidence for orthodontists’ personalized treatment plans whether the two most commonly used orthodontic thermoplastics of PETG and TPU have differences in the efficiency of OTM. Methods and analysis: This randomized controlled clinical study will recruit 44 orthodontic patients for orthodontic treatment. All the subjects will be randomized into two groups (PETG and TPU, n = 22 for each group). In the first stage (M0 to M1), clear aligners will be made of two orthodontic thermoplastics and move the maxillary first or second premolars 2mm. In the second stage, patients will take the standard orthodontic treatments. The primary outcome will be the efficiency of clear aligners made of different materials on the digital models. The secondary outcome will be the efficiency of clear aligners made of different materials on the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The efficiency will be calculated through the superimposition of the digital models and CBCT. Discussion: The results from this trial will serve as evidence for orthodontists and manufacturers and clarify whether the difference in orthodontic thermoplastics significantly impacts the efficiency of OTM. Trial registration number: ChiCTR2300070980. Registered on 27 April 2023. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=186253
Assessing Higher Order Thinking Skills in Undergraduates Pathology: The Great Debate between Long Answer Questions and Multiple Choice Questions
Authors: Sajjanar Anita , Shrivastava Sandeep , Gajbe Ujwal , Tiwade Yugeshwari , Mishra Vaishnavi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The field of pathology plays a crucial role in understanding diseases and their mechanisms, making it an essential subject in undergraduate (UG) medical education. The assessment of higher-order thinking skills becomes paramount as educators strive to nurture well-rounded medical professionals. In this article, we explore the strengths and weaknesses of each method to determine which method is more suitable for evaluating higher order thinking skills in the undergraduate pathology curriculum. The study included all UG students of 2nd Professional, undergoing CBME and appearing in the subject of Pathology. The students were subjected to a write Laq question on general pathology topics after each lecture of must know category and high ordered thinking skills before 1st PCT theory exam. MCQs systemic pathology topics after each lecture of must know category and high ordered thinking skills before 2nd PCT theory exam. MCQS assessment methods demonstrated their merit in improving students' performance in the 2nd PCT theory exam. Moreover, the analysis of student feedback indicated a positive response to Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Based on the positive student feedback and significant improvement in their performance, educators should consider incorporating an approach to MCQ in the curriculum to foster comprehensive learning outcomes in pathology.
Large lakes moderate climate-change effects in boreal North America
Authors: Stralberg Diana , Morrison Kimberly , Beckers Justin , Price David , Parisien Marc-André , Nielsen Scott E , Paquin Dominique , Logan Travis 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interior biomes of North America are generally projected to experience rapid climatic change, especially with respect to drought indicators like potential evapotranspiration (PET). Focusing on the lake-rich and topographically varied North American boreal biome, we compared gradient-based climate velocity metrics for PET derived from the statistically downscaled ClimateNA product with dynamically downscaled metrics based on the Canadian regional climate model (CRCM5), which includes a 1-D freshwater lake model. We also developed regression tree models to examine the effects of land cover, topography, and geography on these differences. Across a range of global climate models (GCM), we found consistent, large differences in PET velocity–over 100 km/yr in some areas– between CRCM5 and ClimateNA. Within the boreal biome, we found that differences in the spatial gradient of change (mm/km), and hence in the gradient velocity metric (temporal gradient/spatial gradient) of annual PET, were largely explained by the percentage of lake coverage, especially at a broad scale (110-km × 110-km). Elevation effects were not detected. We found that the simple gradient velocity metric was remarkably robust to differences among GCMs in future PET projections, due to the high relative importance of spatial variation in temperature (i.e., spatial gradient), which often exceeded the magnitude of projected future change (i.e., temporal gradient). An important implication of our analysis is that regions surrounding large lakes are likely to be somewhat buffered from the full effects of climate change, serving as potential refugia for boreal ecosystems at a broad spatial scale.
A novel bio-inspired kangaroo leg structure for low-frequency vibration isolation
Authors: Ou Haifeng , Sun Xuemin , Wu Qinglin , Chen Zhendong , Chen Zheyu , Chen Qingyun , Hu Lingling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the vibration mitigation effect of kangaroo’s legs, a novel bio-inspired kangaroo leg structure (BKLS) is proposed for low-frequency vibration isolation. The BKLS is composed of two main rods with different lengths (simulating the calf bone and thigh bone), two linear springs (simulating the internal and external muscles) and two auxiliary rods. The dynamic model is established based on the Lagrange principle to describe the nonlinear effects of BKLS, which are mainly contributed by the internal and external springs and the rotary joints. Experiments were carried out to verify the theoretical predictions and demonstrate that the proposed BKLS indeed possess superior low-frequency isolation performance without sacrificing the carrying capacity, which can effectively suppress vibration with frequencies higher than 1.06 Hz. Regardless of the isolation mass and the excitation conditions, the vibration isolation performance can be significantly improved by selecting appropriate structural parameters. The innovative and simple BKLS provides an effective method for low-frequency vibration isolation.
Reinforcement learning-based Optimized Multi-AgentFinite-time optimal synchronisation Control and its applicationto the Harmonic Oscillator
Authors: Gu Yaqi , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Zong-yao , Xie Xiangpeng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the finite-time optimal synchronisation problem for leader-follower multiagent systems and its application to the harmonic oscillator models. Neural networks are introduced to fit the nonlinear terms of multi-agent systems due to the existence of unknown dynamics. In our designed framework, by modelling each agent as a resonator, their interactions and environment can be shaped as a networked system. In order to achieve synchronised behaviour with neighbouring agents in the network, an actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm is used to train each agent to learn the optimal policy while minimising energy consumption and maximising the overall performance of the system. Besides, a collaborative control strategy is designed such that it ensures that all agents work together to achieve the desired state in a finite amount of time. Finally, the validity of the theoretical method is proven by the Lyapunov stability theory and numerical simulation.
Competency-based Training in Anesthesiology: Train the Trainers First A descriptive cross-sectional survey study by the Committee of the ESAIC TTT Masterclass
Authors: Neskovic Vojislava , Oliveira Carmen , Raz Aeyal , Bromley Lesley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: It is not known the level of competence in teaching among trainers who are expected to deliver training according to the new European Training Requirement in Anesthesiology Updated in 2022.
Objective: The aim of this ESAIC TTT Masterclass is to establish the current level of knowledge and faculty development among European countries regarding competency-based training in anesthesia and intensive care.
Design: Cross-sectional survey, from September 1st 2021 until October 31st 2021
Setting: Not applicable
Participants: Anaesthesiologists responded to an online survey promoted by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC)
Interventions: None
Main Outcome measure: Thirty closed questions regarding common practice in teaching, formal training in medical education, actual knowledge of competence-based curriculums, and perceived barriers to performing teaching.
Results: A total of 711 responses of Anaesthesiologists working in 46 European countries were analyzed. The great majority (530/74.64%) had more than 10 years of experience in anesthesia, older specialist, or more senior position (645/90.97%), work in academic hospitals (451/63.5%), and claim to be involved in teaching residents (561/ 79.01%). Out of those that teach, more than half (65.10%) teach residents every or almost every day and are involved in mentoring (65.21%). The main barriers to teaching are lack of time and overload with work. Only 21.7% of respondents had formal training in teaching. Most respondents declared either no knowledge or that are not sure if informed (232/546;42.49% and 115/546; 21.06%) about European training requirements in anesthesiology. Only 36.45% (199/546) claimed to be informed of the training requirements. A disparity in the answers is present not only between, but within the countries too.
Conclusions: There is a lack of knowledge about competence-based education even among very experienced professionals dedicated to medical education. Faculty development is necessary to improve standards of education in anesthesia and intensive care in Europe.
Trial registration: Not applicable
Vehicle-to-vehicle cooperative driving model considering end-to-end delay of communication network
Authors: Kang Yi-rong , Chen Yijun , Tian Chuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In order to explore the mechanism of the end-to-end transmission delay of communication network on the collaborative driving process for traffic flow in the vehicle to vehicle communication environment, based on by the idea of car-following model, this paper introduces a characteristic parameters characterizing the end-to-end transmission delay of the network into Newell's following model, and proposes a CD&OV model by considering the time delay characteristics of the collaborative driving process from information transmission to control decision and then to physical execution. The stability analysis of the new model is investigated to obtain the stability criterion of the cooperative driving system. The spatio-temporal evolution mechanism of the traffic flow near the critical stability point under the effect of different transmission delays is analyzed by the reductive perturbation method, and the corresponding modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations and density wave solutions are obtained. The correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified by using numerical simulations. The results show that the end-to-end transmission delay of the network has a significant shock effect on the stability of the vehicle-vehicle cooperative driving system, and the stability of the traffic flow and the ability to suppress traffic congestion become worse with the increase of the end-to-end transmission delay.
A Novel Design of Photonic Crystal Directional Coupler with Ultra Short Coupling Length Using Core /Shell Rods Defect
Authors: Chergui Imane , Labbani Amel 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel method to diminish the coupling length and enhance the coupling coefficient in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) directional coupler (DC)is investigated. The DC comprises two closely spaced linear waveguides separated by one row of silicon columns. In this new approach, we used core/shell (C/S) rods between the waveguides to reduce the coupling length. The C/S rod is obtained by etching a hole in the middle of the silicon rod. This modification leads to a very short coupling length of 5a, where a is the lattice constant of the structure. Simulation results show that increasing the inner core radius increases the coupling coefficient. The coupling properties have been numerically simulated and analyzed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) and the plane-wave expansion (PWE) methods. Based on the modified structure, we analyzed the output spectrum of a very compact channel drop filter. The proposed modified design would offer significant potential for novel ultrasmall devices based on photonic crystal couplers.
Development and test of reliability and validity of the self-assessment scale for prevention behavior in high-risk population of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yu Jingxuan , Wu Wanying , Xie Lingnv , Peng Qi , Wang Weizhen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background: High-risk population for colorectal cancer have become the primary focus of research on early prevention and treatment strategies. However, some high-risk population often overlook their own prevention behaviors, making it challenging to evaluate them effectively. Currently, the available assessment tools for cancer prevention primarily consist of universal measures, leaving a gap in the availability of specific assessment tools for colorectal cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive and systematic assessment tool for colorectal cancer that is specifically tailored to the needs of high-risk population, in order to effectively promote cancer prevention.
Methods: Based on the Information-motivation-behavioral Skills Model, a comprehensive pool of items was developed through an extensive literature review and interviews with 18 high-risk individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer. After two rounds of expert consultation and pilot testing, an initial scale was formulated. To validate the scale, a field survey was conducted among 488 high-risk individuals with colorectal cancer. The initial scale underwent meticulous item analysis to identify and eliminate redundant or ineffective items, followed by reliability and validity tests to ensure its psychometric soundness.
Results: The self-assessment scale for prevention behavior in the high-risk population of colorectal cancer consists of 4 dom[1]ains and 22 items. The scale demonstrates good internal consistency, with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.912 and domain-specific coefficients ranging from 0.814 to 0.944. The split-half coefficient is 0.752, and the two-week test-retest reliability coefficient is 0.817. Exploratory factor analysis, utilizing principal axis factor extraction, identified four common factors that accounted for a cumulative explanatory variance of 67.915%. After model modification, confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the absolute fit indices and incremental fit indices met the criteria for model fitting.
Conclusion: The scale developed in this study exhibits robust reliability and validity, rendering it suitable for assessing the cancer prevention status of individuals at high risk of colorectal cancer. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for enhancing the level of cancer prevention among high-risk population afflicted with colorectal cancer.
Interaction between feeding efficiency and digestive physiology of Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on different date fruit varieties
Authors: Jaafari-Behi Vahid , Ziaee Masumeh , Kocheili Farhan , Hemmati Seyed Ali 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Dates are one of the products that are attacked at postharvest by some insect pests’ in packinghouses or storages. Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) has become one of the major date fruits pests during the post-harvest storage, causing significant losses. In this study, the nutritional performances and digestive enzyme activities of P. interpunctella larvae fed on different date fruits including Dayri, Estemaran, Fersi, Halavi and Zahedi varieties were evaluated. Moreover, date fruits were analyzed to determine their secondary metabolites contents, including phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the highest relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) were obtained in the P. interpunctella larvae fed on Zahedi variety. In contrast, the lowest RGR and RCR values was observed in the larvae fed on Estemaran and Fersi varieties, indicating the lower fitness of these host plants for larval development. According to our findings, the highest larval, frass, pupal weight and consumed food was related to the larvae fed on Zahedi variety. The results also showed that the lowest level of amylolytic and proteolytic activity was reported on P. interpunctella larvae fed on Estemaran variety. Furthermore, the protein content was the lowest in the larvae fed on Estemaran variety, while the lowest level of glycogen content was found on the larvae fed on Dayri variety. The lowest total phenolic content was significantly reported in Dayri variety, which confirms the suitability of this variety for feeding and development of larvae.
Do dual aluminum (Al)-hyperaccumulator and phosphorus (P)-solubilising species assist neighbouring plants sensitive to Al toxicity and P deficiency?
Authors: Delgado Mabel Fabiola , Barra Patricio Javier , Berrios Graciela , Mora María de la Luz , Duran Paola , Valentine Alex , Reyes-Díaz Marjorie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims We aimed to evaluate the facilitation effects of an aluminum (Al) hyperaccumulator species bearing cluster roots, Gevuina avellana, on the seedling growth and performance of an Al-intolerant and P-deficient-sensitive plant, Vaccinium corymbosum.
Methods Seedlings of G. avellana and V. corymbosum were grown alone or together as follows: i) 2 G. avellana seedlings, ii) 1 G. avellana + V. corymbosum and iii) 2 V. corymbosum, in soil supplemented with Al (as Al2(SO4)3) and in the control (without Al supplementation). We determined relative growth rate (RGR), photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll concentration, lipid peroxidation and Al and nutrient concentration (Nitrogen (N), P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), Al and sulfur (S)) in leaves and roots of both species.
Results In general, G. avellana did not assist V. corymbosum to enhance its RGR nor reduce its Al uptake. However, G. avellana assisted V. corymbosum in enhanced N acquisition and, consequently, to increase its chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic rate. Besides, V. corymbosum had lower lipid peroxidation in leaves when grown in the soil with high Al supplementation in association with G. avellana.
Conclusions Our results suggest a facilitating effect of G. avellana to V. corymbosum when grown in soils with high Al concentration, by enhancing chlorophyll concentrations and photosynthetic rate, and decreasing the oxidative damage to lipids.