bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Segmental dystonia induced by wearing glasses with a ribbon: An unusual case of a reverse sensory geste
Authors: Wider Christian , Ghika Joseph , Bogousslavsky Julien , Vingerhoets François 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCraniocervical muscles are the most frequently involved in dystonia, which can be either focal of segmental. While often experiencing an increase in dystonia with voluntary motor activity, many patients report temporary relief with geste antagoniste. We describe a patient who presented a peculiar craniocervical segmental dystonia, triggered by putting on glasses with a ribbon. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Test–retest reliability of UPDRS‐III, dyskinesia scales, and timed motor tests in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: An argument against multiple baseline assessments
Authors: Metman Leo Verhagen , Myre Brian , Verwey Niek , Hassin‐Baer Sharon , Arzbaecher Jean , Sierens Diane , Bakay Roy 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to assess the intra‐rater reliability of the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS‐III) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). The secondary objective was to assess the intra‐rater reliability of standard timed motor tests and dyskinesia scales to determine the necessity of multiple baseline core evaluations before surgery for PD. We carried out two standardized preoperative core evaluations of patients with advanced PD scheduled to undergo deep brain stimulation. Patients were examined in the defined off and on conditions by the same rater. UPDRS‐III, timed tests, and dyskinesia scores from the two evaluations were compared using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Differences in UPDRS‐III scores for the two visits were clinically and statistically nonsignificant, and the ICC was 0.9. Similarly, there were no significant differences in timed motor tests or dyskinesia scores, with a median ICC of 0.8. The results indicate that previous findings of high test–retest reliability of UPDRS‐III in early untreated PD patients can now be extended to those with advanced disease complicated by motor fluctuations. In addition, test–retest reliability of dyskinesia scales and timed motor tests was high. Taken together, these findings challenge the need for multiple baseline assessments as currently stipulated in core assessment protocols for surgical intervention in PD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Norm behaviour of solutions to a parabolic–elliptic system modelling chemotaxis in a domain of ℝ3
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhong Xinhua 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we study a parabolic–elliptic system defined on a bounded domain of ℝ3, which comes from a chemotactic model. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of local in time solution to this problem in the Sobolev spaces framework, then we study the norm behaviour of solution, which may help us to determine the blow‐up norm of the maximal solution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐empirical calculations of NMR indirect carbon–carbon coupling constants. Part 7—Spiroalkanes
Authors: Krivdin Leonid B. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCarbon–carbon spin–spin coupling constants were calculated at the SOPPA level for a series of seven classical spiroalkanes, spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.3]hexane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[2.5]octane, spiro[3.3]heptane, spiro[4.4]nonane and spiro[5.5]undecane, with special focus upon couplings involving and/or across spiro carbons. Many interesting structural trends were investigated originating in specific geometries and unusual bonding environments at the spiro carbon. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
19F and 1H NMR spectra of halocarbons
Authors: Foris Anthony 
Published: April 2004

Abstract19F NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported for 215 compounds. For 77 of these compounds, 1H NMR spectral data are also given. Long‐range couplings, including 8J(F,F) and 5J(F,H), are reported. The complexity of halocarbon spectra owing to the presence of rotational isomers, asymmetric centers, long‐range couplings, and chlorine isotope effects are illustrated, and the methods used for analyzing such complex spectra are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assignment of the relative configuration of spiro[4.5]decanes by 13C, 15N and 17O NMR
Authors: Guerrero‐Alvarez Jorge Antonio , Moncayo‐Bautista Antonio , Ariza‐Castolo Armando 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe relative configuration of 11 1,4‐diazaspiro[4.5]decanes (1a–1j and 1m), 15 1,4‐oxazaspiro[4.5]decanes (2a–2o) and 10 1,4‐dioxaspiro[4.5]decanes (3a–3n) substituted at the 2‐, 6‐, 7‐ or 8‐position by a methyl group or using the tert‐butyl group as a model for the ananchomeric structure is reported. The relative stereochemistry was analyzed by 1H, 13C, 15N and 17O NMR and all isomers present were characterized spectroscopically. Compounds with a methyl group in the six‐membered ring show a chair conformation preference with the methyl group in the equatorial position. Compounds with one or two nitrogens exhibit a tautomeric equilibrium between the imine–diazolidine forms, as demonstrated by IR and 13C NMR. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete 1H and 13C assignments of 8‐C‐β‐D‐[2‐O‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl]glucopyranosyl‐2‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐7‐methoxy‐5‐methylchromone
Authors: Meng Y. , Yan B. Z. , Wang H. M. , Hu G. F. , Liu F. Y. , Song Y. G. , Liu Y. 
Published: April 2004

Abstract1H and 13C NMR spectra of 8‐C‐β‐D‐[2‐O‐(E)‐p‐coumaroyl] glucopyranosyl‐2‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐7‐methoxy‐5‐methylchromone were completely assigned by 2D NMR observations. Especially the 1H assignments of the glucosyl and hydroxyl protons were achieved by utilizing HMQC, HMBC, 1H–1H COSY and DEPT techniques together with a heavy water exchange 1H NMR experiment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Involvement of ERK1/2 pathway in TGF‐β1‐induced VEGF secretion in normal human cytotrophoblast cells
Authors: Qian Dong , Lin Hai‐Yan , Wang Hong‐Mei , Zhang Xuan , Liu Dong‐Lin , Li Qing‐Lei , Zhu Cheng 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) plays a pivotal role in the angiogenesis during the development of placenta, but the intracellular signaling mechanism by which TGF‐β1 stimulates this process remains poorly understood. In this article, we demonstrated that exposure of normal human cytotrophoblast cells to TGF‐β1 stimulated the secretion of the VEGF gene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor, which is a key factor in angiogenesis. Meanwhile, treatment of normal human cytotrophoblast cells with TGF‐β1‐induced expression of HIF‐1a, the regulated subunit of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1, a known transactivator of the VEGF gene. Our data indicated that TGF‐β1 induced extracellular signal‐ regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation in normal human cytotrophoblast cells. Moreover, treating cells with PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK1/2 signaling, inhibited TGF‐β1 stimulation of VEGF secretion and HIF‐1a protein expression. These data indicated that in normal human cytotrophoblast cells, TGF‐β1 induced HIF‐1a‐mediated VEGF secretion, and TGF‐β1‐stimulated‐ERK1/2 activation may be involved in this process. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 198–204, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatin, microtubules, and kinases activities during meiotic resumption in bitch oocytes
Authors: Saint‐Dizier Marie , Reynaud Karine , Chastant‐Maillard Sylvie 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn contrast to the majority of mammals, canine oocytes are ovulated at immature germinal vesicle (GV) stage and complete meiotic maturation to metaphase II during 48–72 hr within the oviducts. This study aims to characterize meiotic maturation process in bitch oocytes, with both morphological and biochemical approaches. The follow‐up of chromatin and microtubules during maturation was described, and MPF and MAP kinase activities were quantified at different stages of maturation. Since bitch oocyte cytoplasm is darkly pigmented, the first step was to setup an appropriate staining method for DNA. We thus compared the efficiency of two visualization techniques and demonstrated that propidium iodide coupled to confocal microscopy was a better method than Hoechst/fluorescence microscopy for nuclear stage observation (determination rates: 98.6 vs. 69.5%, respectively; P < 0.01, n = 1622 oocytes). Microtubule organization, evaluated by tubulin immunodetection, revealed subcortical and perinuclear α‐tubulin and asters in GV oocytes and a clear network of microtubules in GVBD oocytes. In MI and MII oocytes, a symmetrical, barrel‐shaped, and radially located spindle was observed. MPF and MAP kinase activities were assayed concomitantly using histone H1 and MBP as substrates. Kinase activities were detected at low levels in oocytes at GV and GVBD stages and were significantly higher at MI and MII stages. In conclusion, despite the particular pattern of meiotic resumption in canine oocytes (ovulated at GV stage), cytoskeleton/chromatin organization and kinase activities follow a similar pattern to those observed in other mammalian species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 205–212, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitelline envelope gps 63 and 75 specifically bind sperm in “in vitro” assays in discoglossus pictus
Authors: Infante Vincenzo , Caputo Mariangela , Riccio Stefania , de Filippis Anna , Carotenuto Rosa , Vaccaro Maria Carmen , Campanella Chiara 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn Xenopus, conflicting data related to sperm–vitelline envelope (VE) binding suggest that further experiments should be performed to study the role of VE glycoproteins in sperm binding. In this article, we studied the VE of Discoglossus pictus, where gp63, the product of the Dp ZP2 gene, has high molecular identity to Xenopus gp69/64 and to mouse ZP2 and only A23187‐treated sperm bind to VE. Sperm bind to VE all over the egg, yet a sperm tuft was found only in the animal half of the egg, where the dimple, the site of fertilization, is located and an intense immunostain was detected in VE by an antiserum directed against gp69/64. The same antiserum inhibited sperm binding to VE. Sperm binding to beads coated with gp63, gp40, or gp75 was in the range of 62–70% for gp63‐beads, 67–75% for 75 beads, and about 20% for BSA beads and gp40‐coated beads. Soluble purified gp63 and gp75 competitively inhibited binding of sperm to gp63‐coated beads. Similarly, the same glycoproteins inhibited sperm binding to gp75‐coated beads. SDS–polyacrylamide gels (PAGE) of FE and comparison of VE and FE peptide maps showed that gp63 undergoes a minor shift to about 62 kDa in FE. In sperm binding assays with beads coated with FEs gp62, there was no binding. Following fertilization, in the region of the dimple, an F‐layer is formed as well as an alteration of the VE structure. Lectin blots of the FE showed that the FE and in particular gp62 acquires a stronger affinity to Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) with respect to VEs gp63. These results indicate that gps 63 and 75 are the sperm binding glycoproteins of D. pictus VE, where major post‐fertilization changes occur as in other anuran species. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 213–222, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased luminal pH in the epididymis of infertile c‐ros knockout mice and the expression of sodium–hydrogen exchangers and vacuolar proton pump H+‐ATPase
Authors: Yeung Ching‐Hei , Breton Sylvie , Setiawan Iwan , Xu Yaoxian , Lang Florian , Cooper Trevor G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTransgenic mice targeted for the c‐ros gene, which are fertile when heterozygous (HET), but infertile when homozygous (knockout, KO) and associated with failure in pubertal differentiation of the epididymal initial segment, provide a model for studying the role of the epididymal luminal environment in sperm development. Luminal fluid from the cauda epididymidis was measured by both ion‐selective microelectrodes and pH strips to be 0.3 pH units higher in the KO than HET. Of the genes responsible for luminal acidification, expression of mRNA of vacuolar H+‐ATPase was found in all epididymal regions, but with no difference between KO and HET. Immunohistochemistry showed its presence in epithelial apical cells and clear cells. The Na+–hydrogen exchanger NHE2 was expressed at mRNA and protein levels in the caput but only marginally detectable if at all in the distal epididymis. This was compensated for by NHE3 which was expressed strongest in the cauda region, in agreement with immunohistochemical staining. Quantification of Western blot data revealed slight, but significant, decreases of NHE2 in the caput and of NHE3 in the cauda in the KO mice. The increase in luminal fluid pH in the KO mice could also be contributed to by other epithelial regulating factors including the Na+‐dependent glutamate transporter EAAC1 formerly reported to be down regulated in the KO. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 159–168, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sperm‐derived activating ability does not persist in mouse oocytes inseminated during in vitro maturation
Authors: Ajduk Anna , Maleszewski Marek 
Published: April 2004

AbstractActivity of the sperm‐derived oocyte‐activating factor persists in zygotes and can be detected by a fusion with metaphase II (MII) oocytes leading to the activation of the hybrids. We have shown, that in the great majority of oocytes inseminated 1–2 hr after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) the sperm‐derived activating ability was eliminated. Only few hybrids produced by fusion of MII oocytes with oocytes inseminated during in vitro maturation (M × IVM‐P + sperm hybrids) underwent activation, whereas almost all of MII oocyte × zygote hybrids entered interphase. However, frequency of activation of M × IVM‐P + sperm hybrids was higher than that of control hybrids, which were obtained by fusion of MII oocytes with oocytes uninseminated during in vitro maturation. Although the difference was not statistically significant, it suggested that in a certain number of oocytes inseminated after GVBD the sperm‐derived oocyte‐activating factor remained partially active. This was confirmed by our observation that several oocytes, which were inseminated during in vitro maturation and managed to accomplish MII, underwent activation and formed pronuclei when examined 25–26 hr after the beginning of maturation. We have also demonstrated that parthenogenotes, could acquire the sperm‐derived activity, as a consequence of sperm injection. MII oocytes were fused with parthenogenotes inseminated by ICSI and all hybrids underwent activation. This result indicated that the ability to induce activation in hybrid, was sperm‐derived. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 68: 240–249, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active resource management for the differentiated services environment
Authors: Mahajan Manish , Ramanathan Ananthanarayanan , Parashar Manish 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a mechanism for active resource management (ARM) in a differentiated services environment. While the differentiated services architecture and the bandwidth broker agent provide a mechanism for QoS management through resource reservation, this mechanism is based on a static provisioning of resources. As bandwidth requirement are typically dynamic, such a static reservation approach can either lead to wasted bandwidth or leave applications resource‐starved. The active resource management approach presented in this paper addresses this problem by dynamically reallocating resources based on current network state and applications requirements. An implementation and evaluation of ARM using the NS‐2 simulation toolkit is also presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable and lightweight key distribution for secure group communications
Authors: Lee Fu‐Yuan , Shieh Shiuhpyng 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSecuring group communications in dynamic and large‐scale groups is more complex than securing one‐to‐one communications due to the inherent scalability issue of group key management. In particular, cost for key establishment and key renewing is usually relevant to the group size and subsequently becomes a performance bottleneck in achieving scalability. To address this problem, this paper proposes a new approach that features decoupling of group size and computation cost for group key management. By using a hierarchical key distribution architecture and load sharing, the load of key management can be shared by a cluster of third parties without revealing group messages to them. The proposed scheme provides better scalability because the cost for key management of each component is independent of the group size. Specifically, our scheme incurs constant computation and communication overheads for key renewing. In this paper, we present the detailed design of the proposed scheme and performance comparisons with other schemes. Briefly, our scheme provides better scalability than existing group key distribution approaches. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyses of selected variables effecting video streamed over IP
Authors: Rosenthal David A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe goal of this study was to understand the impact of certain variables effecting the transmission of video over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, utilizing data from Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Picture Quality Rating (PQR) measurement metrics. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Foraging experience, glomerulus volume, and synapse number: A stereological study of the honey bee antennal lobe
Authors: Brown Sheena M. , Napper Ruth M. , Mercer Alison R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe primary antennal sensory centers (antennal lobes) in the brain of the honeybee are highly compartmentalized into discrete spheres of synaptic neuropil called glomeruli. Many of the glomeruli can be identified according to their predictable size and location. This study examines T1‐44, a prominent glomerulus on the dorsal surface of the antennal lobe. Previously, we have shown that the volume of T1‐44 in 4‐day‐old workers performing tasks within the hive is significantly smaller than in foragers and that increases in volume are accompanied by an increase in total synapse number in this glomerulus. Here we examine whether foraging experience is essential for either changes in volume or for changes in synapse numbers in glomerulus T1‐44. Five‐day‐old bees reared under normal colony conditions were compared with 5‐day‐old bees reared under isolated conditions, and also to 5‐day‐old bees that had been induced to forage precociously. A combination of light and electron microscopy was used to compare T1‐44 volumes and synapse numbers in these three groups. Two groups of 11‐day‐old bees, precocious foragers and nonforagers, were also examined. The Cavalieri direct estimator of volume was applied to 1.5 μm sections of resin embedded brains. Selected sections were then re‐embedded and prepared for transmission electron microscopy. Synapse densities were determined using the physical disector method on electron micrographs. Synapse density and glomerulus volume were combined to give an unbiased estimate of the total number of synapses. This study shows that while both volume and synapse numbers can be induced to increase prematurely in young (5‐day‐old) precocious foragers, foraging experience is not essential for these structural changes to occur in glomerulus T1‐44. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 60: 40–50, 2004
On the asymptotic solution of the Graetz‐Nusselt problem for short x → 0 and large x → ∞ with partial usage of finite differences
Authors: Campo Antonio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe principal goal of this article is to present two asymptotic solutions for the classical Graetz‐Nusselt problem. The method of lines (MOL) has been adopted for solving the governing partial differential energy equation in two independent variables in an asymptotic manner. Two temperature subfields are determined semianalytically: one for small x (x → 0) and the other for large x (x → ∞). Later, the two asymptotic mean Nusselt number subdistributions, NuX→0(x) and NuX→∞(x), blend themselves into a generalized correlation equation for the mean Nusselt number distribution Nu(x) covering the entire x‐domain. The simplicity of the MOL procedure, combined with the high quality asymptotic mean Nusselt number subdistributions, provides an alternative methodology for solving the Graetz‐Nusselt problem without using higher level mathematics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004.
A mixed finite element method for a quasi‐Newtonian fluid flow
Authors: Farhloul M. , Zine A. M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe propose a mixed formulation for quasi‐Newtonian fluid flow obeying the power law where the stress tensor is introduced as a new variable. Based on such a formulation, a mixed finite element is constructed and analyzed. This finite element method possesses local (i.e., at element level) conservation properties (conservation of the momentum and the mass) as in the finite volume methods. We give existence and uniqueness results for the continuous problem and its approximation and we prove error bounds. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2004.
Cleavage of AL amyloid proteins and AL amyloid deposits by cathepsins B, K, and L
Authors: Bohne Silvia , Sletten Knut , Menard Robert , Bühling Frank , Vöckler Steffi , Wrenger Eike , Roessner Albert , Röcken Christoph 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCathepsin (Cath) B, CathK and CathL are cysteine proteases that participate in the lysosomal protein degradation system and are expressed in macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated histiocytic giant cells (MGCs). Both macrophages and MGCs are commonly found adjacent to immunoglobulin light chain‐associated (AL) amyloid deposits, which raised the question of whether cysteine proteases are able to cleave AL amyloid proteins and AL amyloid deposits. The present study has investigated whether recombinant human CathB, CathK, and CathL are able to degrade ALVλVI amyloid proteins and AL amyloid deposits. Using immunohistochemistry, CathB, CathK, and CathL were found adjacent to AL amyloid deposits. In vitro degradation experiments using purified AL amyloid proteins showed that CathB, CathK, and CathL degrade ALVλVI amyloid proteins. Furthermore, using unfixed tissue sections from an amyloidotic spleen as an in vitro model for extracellular proteolysis of intact amyloid deposits, it was demonstrated that all three cysteine proteases are also capable of degrading AL amyloid in situ. This is the first study to show that cysteine proteases are able to cleave AL amyloid proteins. However, the efficiency with which proteolysis occurs depends on the concentration of active protease recruited at the sites of amyloid deposition, and possibly on the structure of the AL amyloid proteins. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.