bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel sea surface evaporation scheme assessed by the thermal rotating shallow water model
Authors: Rostami Masoud , Petri Stefan , Fallah Bijan , Fazel‐Rastgar Farahnaz 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this study, a novel sea surface evaporation scheme, along with its corresponding bulk aerodynamic formulation, is proposed to estimate sea surface evaporation, columnar humidity, and precipitation distribution within the atmosphere. The scheme is based on three distinct functions, each dependent on a single variable: zonal wind velocity, tropospheric (potential) temperature, and free convection. It is shown that the normalized Clausius–Clapeyron formula requires an adjustable scaling factor for real‐world applications, calibrated using empirical fitness curves. To validate the proposed approach, we employ a model based on the pseudo‐spectral moist‐convective thermal rotating shallow water model, with minimal parameterization over the entire sphere. ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) reanalysis data are used to compare the model's results with observations. The model is tested across different seasons to assess its reliability under various weather conditions. The Dedalus algorithm, which handles spin‐weighted spherical harmonics, is employed to address the pseudo‐spectral problem‐solving tasks of the model.
Competitive assessment of biofuel strategies for a case study in eastern Canada: techno‐economic and multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis
Authors: Pimenta Marina Stella Silva , Desilets Francis Lebreux , Mariano Adriano Pinto , Chambost Virginie , Boutet Alain , Stuart Paul R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDecarbonizing the energy sector through biomass use entails risks and uncertainties linked to implementing early stage technologies. To address this issue, this work presents a panel‐based multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) framework for a corn‐ethanol plant seeking to reduce its carbon footprint while investing in new bioenergy products. Six technology pathways were considered including gasification technologies, pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and alcohol to jet, with products such as renewable natural gas (RNG), biochar, green diesel, green marine, and biojet. The alternatives were assessed based on a set of six criteria classified into three categories: economic performance, technology and commercial risks, and competitive advantages. The MCDM framework was based on the multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) for which an in‐person panel of decision‐making stakeholders set the criteria weights. Internal rate of return (IRR) was considered the most important criterion, followed by technology readiness level (TRL) and total installed capital cost (TICC). Surprisingly, the commercial readiness level was allocated a low weight. Finally, the potential for a fossil‐free site (PFFS) criterion was perceived by the panel members more as a desirable attribute rather than a requirement. Among the alternatives considered, the flexible production of synthetic natural gas (FlexSNG) gasification‐methanation process was found to be preferred. The panel‐based MCDM framework proved to be a practical and effective tool for assessing early‐stage biofuel strategies, encouraging alignment with technological innovation, sustainable development, and the company's values and future ambitions.
Chemotaxonomy and Bioactive Potential of High‐Mountain Plantago atrata
Authors: Zhiponova Miroslava , Yordanova Zhenya , Ivanov Georgi , Gašić Uroš , Mišić Danijela , Alipieva Kalina , Mantovska Desislava , Cholakova Ginka , Kapogianni Alexandra , Tsacheva Ivanka , Bogoeva Vanya , Rusanova Mila , Rusanov Krasimir , Bonchev Georgi , Petrova Milena , Petrova Detelina , Koleva Dimitrina , Hristova Viktoria , Tsenov Boris , Tosheva Anita , Mihaylova Nikolina , Raycheva Aneliya , Danchev Dimitar , Rogova Mariya , Anev Svetoslav , Vassileva Valya , Hristova Petya , Chaneva Ganka 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPlantago atrata Hoppe is a high‐altitude mountain plant exposed to harsh environmental factors. This study aims to elucidate the ecological, phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of this lesser‐known plantain. Despite nutrient‐poor peat soil, the leaves of P. atrata contained increased levels of phosphorus, potassium and calcium, and the anatomy revealed an isobilateral mesophyll. Molecular taxonomic identification and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the classification of the studied plant as P. atrata and its clustering with narrow‐leaved plantains growing in extreme conditions. Detailed phytochemical profiles revealed primary and secondary metabolites that can be used as taxonomic identifiers and for bioactivity studies. The methanol fraction enriched in phenolic compounds appeared biologically active—by displaying limited antimicrobial activity, however, it possessed significant radical‐scavenging and anti‐inflammatory capacity. The data demonstrate that P. atrata’s leaf parameters and phytochemical arsenal assure plant survival and reveal the plantain's pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting inflammation via the classical pathway of Complement activation.
Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin and Blue Light for Recurrent Herpes Labialis: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Marwa , Hamadah Omar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study is the first to use photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by curcumin and blue light for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. According to our study, PDT effectively accelerated lesion healing and reduced its recurrence. PDT may represent a promising, safe, and cost‐effective treatment option for this challenging disease.
Strategies for Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Performance of Transition Metal Thin Films Deposited via Chemical Vapor Process for Hydrogen Cells and Electrolysers
Authors: Sharifirad Alireza , Michel Marc , Roge Vincent , Lunca‐Popa Petru 
Published: January 2025

AbstractElectrocatalysis is essential for facilitating reactions that convert electrical energy into chemical energy or vice versa. This is particularly relevant in the context of renewable energy sources, where efficient hydrogen production through water splitting is critical for energy storage and utilization. This review examines the replacement of platinum group metal (PGM) electrocatalysts with transition metal (TM) thin films synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). TM like nickel, cobalt, and iron have emerged as promising candidates due to their abundance, lower cost, and tunable electronic properties. These materials can achieve comparable or superior performance to PGMs for specific reactions, such as the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). CVD and ALD offer precise control over film thickness, composition, and uniformity, critical factors influencing the electrocatalytic performance. The ability to dope or alloy transition metal thin films further optimizes their catalytic properties for specific applications. This review covers key concepts related to hydrogen technology, electrocatalytic performance, and deposition processes. It identifies trends in TM electrocatalyst development, proposes future strategies for enhancing performance, and draws conclusions on the potential of these materials to revolutionize electrocatalysis for renewable energy applications.
Overexpression of DrosophilaNUAK or Constitutively‐Active Formin‐Like Promotes the Formation of Aberrant Myofibrils
Authors: Tiwari Prabhat , Brooks David , Geisbrecht Erika R. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMuscle development and maintenance is central to the normal functioning of animals. Muscle tissues exhibit high levels of activity and require the dynamic turnover of proteins. An actomyosin scaffold functions with additional proteins comprising the basic contractile subunit of striated muscle, known as the sarcomere. Drosophila muscles are similar to vertebrate muscles in composition and they share a similar mechanism of development. Drosophila NUAK (NUAK) is the homolog of NUAK1 and NUAK2 in vertebrates. NUAK belongs to the family of AMP‐activated protein kinases (AMPKs), a group of proteins with broad and overlapping cellular targets. Here we confirm that NUAK dynamically modulates larval muscle sarcomere size as upregulation of NUAK produces longer sarcomeres, including increased thin filament lengths. Furthermore, NUAK overexpression results in aberrant myofibers above the nuclei plane, upregulation of Formin‐like (Frl), and an increase in newly synthesized proteins at sites consistent with actin filament assembly. Expression of constitutively‐active Frl also produces aberrant myofibers similar to NUAK overexpression. These results taken together strongly suggest a functional link between NUAK and Frl in myofibril formation in an in vivo setting.
Toxicological Effects of Metal‐Doped Carbon Quantum Dots
Authors: Mishra Jyotsna , Suryawanshi Tejas , Redkar Neha , Kumar Das Rahul , Saxena Sumit , Majumder Abhijit , Kondabagil Kiran , Shukla Shobha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMulti‐domain biological and environmental research highlights the efficacy of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a safer alternative to toxic metal‐based quantum dots (QDs) and expensive conventional organic dyes, particularly in biomedical applications. CQDs are often functionalized by metal heteroatoms to improve their electron‐donating properties and modify charge density, thereby enhancing their physicochemical characteristics. However, metal doping may re‐introduce toxicity concerns similar to traditional QDs and further increase environmental risks. Thus, detailed ecotoxicology studies are necessary to understand the environmental impact of these CQDs in different organisms. To address this, we synthesized metal‐doped CQDs (Mn, Fe, Cu and Ag) using microwave‐assisted technique and conducted in‐vitro experiments on diverse biological models belonging to different trophic levels, including bacteria (E. coli and B. subtilis), plants (Vigna radiata) and mammalian cells (mouse myoblast cells‐ C2C12). Results revealed that among all the CQDs explored, Ag‐CQDs exhibited highest toxicity causing ~85% bacterial and 100% mammalian cell death even at 10 μg mL−1 and ~60% radicle growth inhibition after 5 days of exposure at 50 μg mL−1, whereas Mn‐CQD showed the least toxicity. These findings contribute significantly to the critical need for determining optimal concentration ranges for metal‐doped CQDs and enhance our understanding of their environmental implications.
Cytology to More Clearly Distinguish Solitary Plasmacytoma at the Skull Base
Authors: Welsh Cynthia T. , Baker Tiffany G. , Allen Christopher D. , Roberts Donna R. , Vandergrift William A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSolitary plasmacytomas are localized single tumors of monoclonal plasma cells that occur in two variants: solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extraosseous plasmacytoma. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone accounts for only 1%–2% of plasma cell lesions, and extraosseous plasmacytoma is also approximately 1%. These are both very uncommon at the skull base. We report two cases of plasmacytic neoplasms at the skull base where the differential diagnosis included pituitary adenoma when the tumor was sellar/suprasellar, or other bone‐related tumors such as chordoma/chondrosarcoma when clivus/sphenoid bones were involved. Intraoperative diagnosis was facilitated by the use of cytologic preparations.
Herons in Aquafarms Are More Fearful of Humans
Authors: Yang Shuang , Lin Sidan , Liang Wei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHerons (Ardeidae), an important group in wetland ecosystems, have a particularly strong relationship with humans. However, their predation on farmed fish and shrimp in aquafarms can lead to economic losses for local fish farmers. Consequently, notable conflicts arise between fish farmers and herons. Fish farmers adopt various measures to deter herons from “stealing” their fish; however, there is limited research on the behavioral responses of herons under such pressures of human disturbance. Flight initiation distance (FID) is an important manifestation of avian anti‐predation behavior and serves as an indicator of birds' tolerance to human disturbance. This study investigated the potential variations in tolerance to human disturbance between the little egret (Egretta garzetta) and the Chinese pond heron (Ardeola bacchus) in “stealing” environments (aquafarm environments) and non‐aquafarm environments in Hainan and Guangdong Provinces, south China, using FID as an indicator. Herons in aquafarm environments were less tolerant (having longer FIDs) to human disturbance compared to herons in non‐aquafarm environments. The main cause of this phenomenon could be the harsh deterrents used by humans to prevent herons from “stealing” fish. These deterrents increase the predation risk for herons when “stealing” in aquafarms, causing them to exhibit less tolerance to human disturbance. Our study increases understanding of the behavioral response patterns of herons in human–wildlife conflicts and provides valuable insights for more scientific and rational management and protection of Ardeidae species.
Winter Roost Preferences of Crows in Beijing City
Authors: Feng Junyang , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Qianyi , Xia Canwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDuring the winter season, an extensive population of crows (predominantly the carrion crow Corvus corone) seek refuge in Beijing's urban landscapes for roosting, subsequently generating noise and droppings that adversely affect the quality of life of residents. This study elucidates the selection criteria employed by crows in Beijing's urban areas for roosting sites. Drawing upon historical records and the outcomes of our survey, we observed a remarkable consistency in the selection of roosting locations by crows over time, with the same locations being preferentially chosen across different years. We also conducted a quantitative analysis of the habitat characteristics associated with the crow roosting sites. We discovered that crows demonstrate a preference for roosting sites situated in proximity to human structures, particularly towering buildings, which are often adjacent to broad roads. By understanding the factors that influence the selection of roosting sites by crows, policy‐makers and urban planners can devise targeted interventions aimed at mitigating conflicts between humans and crows.
Rationale and design of the FAIR‐HF2‐DZHK05 trial: Ferric carboxymaltose assessment of morbidity and mortality in patients with iron deficiency and chronic heart failure
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Friede Tim , Butler Javed , Talha Khawaja M. , Diek Monika , Nosko Anna , Placzek Marius , Hasenfuß Gerd , Ponikowski Piotr , Karakas Mahir 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsWhile it is widely accepted that intravenous (IV) iron improves functional capacity, symptoms, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) diagnosed with iron deficiency (ID), three recently published cardiovascular outcome trials (AFFIRM‐AHF, IRONMAN and HEART‐FID) of IV iron supplementation in HF failed to demonstrate a significant benefit on their respective primary endpoints. Dosing of IV iron after the initial correction of baseline ID – by design or as a result of trial circumstances – was relatively low (i.e. <500 mg/year). The primary objective of the FAIR‐HF2 trial is to evaluate the treatment effect of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) compared with placebo in ambulatory patients with HFrEF using a higher dose of IV iron during follow‐up (i.e. >1000 mg/year). The second objective of the study is to create prospective evidence for patients fulfilling the new definition of ID for patients with HF, i.e. for those with a transferrin saturation <20%.MethodsFAIR‐HF2 is an investigator‐initiated, multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that has recruited 1105 patients with chronic HF with a left ventricular ejection fraction of ≤45% and concomitant ID, defined as serum ferritin <100 ng/ml or serum ferritin 100–299 ng/ml with a transferrin saturation <20%. Patients were consented and randomized to receive either IV FCM (treatment) or saline (placebo). During an estimated median follow‐up of over 2 years, patients underwent a placebo‐controlled repletion and maintenance phase, with an initial iron supplementation of up to 2000 mg, followed by 500 mg every 4 months unless stop criteria of haemoglobin >16 mg/dl or serum ferritin >800 ng/ml are met on repeat visits. The trial will evaluate three primary hypotheses: (i) time to first event of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF, (ii) the rate of total (first and recurrent) HF hospitalizations (both analysed in the full study population), and (iii) the time to first event of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for HF in patients with a transferrin saturation <20% at baseline. The familywise type I error rate across the three primary endpoint hypotheses will be controlled using the Hochberg procedure (alpha 0.05).ConclusionThe FAIR‐HF2 will evaluate the efficacy of FCM in patients with HFrEF in improving cardiovascular outcomes by utilizing a more aggressive approach towards iron supplementation ensuring prevention of transitional ID after initial repletion targets have been met.
Examining the Antecedents, Prevalence and Trajectories of Reactionary Collective Action Intentions Among Europeans Over Time
Authors: Lilly Kieren J. , González Roberto , Houkamau Carla A. , Sibley Chris G. , Osborne Danny 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTReactionary movements—movements that effectively increase inequality by advancing the rights of structurally advantaged groups—are of increasing concern in contemporary politics. Yet few studies assess support for these movements over time. We address this oversight in two studies examining reactionary collective action intentions over 9 years in a nationwide sample of New Zealand Europeans (Ntotal = 54,561). Random intercept cross‐lagged panel modelling (Study 1) and latent class growth analysis (Study 2) reveal that high ethnic identification, social dominance orientation and conservatism, but low system justification, predict both within‐person increases in, and class trajectories of, reactionary collective action intentions over time. Although most Europeans (86.62%) reported low and declining reactionary collective action intentions, a subgroup of Reactionaries (13.38%) emerged whose intentions increased over time. Collectively, these results highlight how and when reactionary collective action intentions emerge over time and illustrate the need to monitor social movements seeking to promote inequality.
Technological Innovation and Trade Orientation as Drivers of Renewable Energy Consumption: Panel Evidence from G7 Economies
Authors: Yu Minyan , Farooq Umar , Tabash Mosab I. , Aljughaiman Abdullah A. , Almulhim Abdulateif A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent advancements in industrialization have sparked substantial interest among the academic community and policymakers regarding energy consumption. The consumption patterns of distinct energy types seem to be influenced by many national and international factors. In this essence, this study investigates the effects of technological innovation and trade orientation on renewable energy consumption (REC). Using panel data from G‐7 economies from 2000 to 2019, Panel EGLS (estimated generalized least square) and ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag) models are employed to check the regression. The analysis reveals that both technological innovation and export orientation have a significant and positive impact on REC. In contrast, import orientation negatively affects REC. The results highlight that technological advancements and a focus on export‐oriented trade strategies can significantly boost REC. Policymakers are encouraged to invest in research and development to advance renewable energy technologies and provide incentives for their adoption. These measures are crucial for achieving environmental sustainability and reducing pollution. The study provides valuable insights into how national and international trade dynamics influence renewable energy usage.
The level of emotional resilience among emergency medicine physicians in the western region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Taj Ahad M. , Alsulimani Loui K. , Qattan Murooj M. , Saadi Sufana M. , Jawhari Abdulkarim A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundResilience is crucial for healthcare professionals to resume work effectively after experiencing work stress. Studies conducted in Saudi Arabia have found that burnout is common among healthcare physicians.ObjectivesTo assess the level of emotional resilience among emergency medicine physicians in Western Saudi Arabia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with emergency medicine physicians at all levels in Western Saudi Arabia. Participants completed an electronically distributed questionnaire on demographics and the level of practice. The Connor–Davidson Resilience scale (CD‐RISC‐25) was used to assess the participants' resilience.ResultsOf the 212 included participants, 58% of the group were 30 years and older, whereas 48% were below 30. The mean age was 32.04 ± 5.92 years, 67% were men. 29.7% were senior residents, 24.2% were consultants, 19.3% were specialists, 17.5% were junior residents, and 9.4% were general physicians. The mean total CD‐RISC score was 72.39 ± 15.74. The item that had the highest mean score in the CD‐RISC‐25 scale was “Good or bad, I believe that most things happen for a reason” (3.27 ± 0.9) and the item with the lowest mean score was “In dealing with life problems, sometimes you have to act on a hunch without knowing why” (2.6 ± 0.93). The CD‐RISC total score was significantly higher among participants who aged 30 years and above and among consultants. A significant positive correlation was found between the CD‐RISC total score and participants' age and level of practice and between participants' age and the mean scores of all seven components of the CD‐RISC‐25.ConclusionResilience of emergency medicine physicians was proportionally correlated with their age and level of practice. Future research with larger samples is necessary to assess additional sociodemographic and employment‐related resilience characteristics.