bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid discrimination of urine specific gravity using spectroscopy and a modified combination method based on SPA and spectral index
Authors: Yang Cheng‐bo , Cai Zhi‐long , Li Qing‐zhi , Tang Feng , Wu Jing‐jun , Yang Jia , Zhang Yu‐rong , Li Bo , Yang Ping , Ye Xin , Yang Li‐ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo achieve high‐accuracy urine specific gravity discrimination and guide the design of four‐waveband multispectral sensors. A modified combination strategy was attempted to be proposed based on the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and the spectral index (SI) in the present study. First, the SPA was used to select four spectral variables in the full spectra. Second, the four spectral variables were mathematically transformed by SI to obtain SI values. Then, SPA gradually fusions the SI values and establishes models to identify USG. The results showed that the SPA can screen out the four characteristic wavelengths related to the measured sample attributes. SIs can be used to improve the performance of constructed prediction models. The best model only involves four spectral variables and 1 SI value, with high accuracy (91.62%), sensitivity (0.9051), and specificity (0.9667). The results reveal that m‐SPA‐SI can effectively distinguish USG and provide design guidance for 4‐wavelength multispectral sensors.
Feasibility of Enteral Protein Supplementation in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Moreno Yara M. F. , Hauschild Daniela B. , Martins Mayara D. , Bechard Lori J. , Mehta Nilesh M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the protein type and concentration in standard enteral nutrition (EN) formulas and the effect of protein supplementation on the osmolality of standard formulas. We also aimed to examine factors associated with optimal protein delivery in critically ill children.MethodsProtein content and other characteristics of pediatric EN formulas used worldwide were recorded. Factors associated with achievement of recommended protein delivery and tolerance of protein‐supplemented formulas were recorded prospectively in a cohort of critically ill children. A range of protein supplement doses was added to 2 standard formulas and water, and the osmolality was recorded by cryoscopy in a bench experiment.ResultsWe reviewed 125 formulas used in a multicenter study including sites from >13 countries. A majority of the EN formulas (73.6%) were polymeric, with a nonprotein calorie/nitrogen ratio of 182 ± 66 and protein content of 3.53 ± 2.00 g/100 mL. In the cohort of critically ill children, 28.5% achieved protein intake goal within 4 days, with no intolerance. In addition to optimal protein prescription (P < 0.001), protein supplementation (P = 0.018) and early EN initiation (P = 0.006) were associated with significantly higher odds of achieving goal protein intake. Formulas supplemented with up to 8 g/100 mL polymeric protein had osmolality <450 mOsm/kg.ConclusionsThe protein content of current pediatric formulas may be inadequate to meet the needs of critically ill children. Protein supplementation of formulas allows early achievement of goal and is likely to be safe.)
Modelling clinical narrative as computable knowledge: The NICE computable implementation guidance project
Authors: Scott Philip , Heigl Michaela , McCay Charles , Shepperdson Polly , Lima‐Walton Elia , Andrikopoulou Elisavet , Brunnhuber Klara , Cornelius Gary , Faulding Susan , McAlister Ben , Rowark Shaun , South Matthew , Thomas Mark R. , Whatling Justin , Williams John , Wyatt Jeremy C. , Greaves Felix 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionTranslating narrative clinical guidelines to computable knowledge is a long‐standing challenge that has seen a diverse range of approaches. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Content Advisory Board (CAB) aims ultimately to (1) guide clinical decision support and other software developers to increase traceability, fidelity and consistency in supporting clinical use of NICE recommendations, (2) guide local practice audit and intervention to reduce unwarranted variation, (3) provide feedback to NICE on how future recommendations should be developed.ObjectivesThe first phase of work was to explore a range of technical approaches to transition NICE toward the production of natively digital content.MethodsFollowing an initial ‘collaborathon’ in November 2022, the NICE Computable Implementation Guidance project (NCIG) was established. We held a series of workstream calls approximately fortnightly, focusing on (1) user stories and trigger events, (2) information model and definitions, (3) horizon‐scanning and output format. A second collaborathon was held in March 2023 to consolidate progress across the workstreams and agree residual actions to complete.ResultsWhile we initially focussed on technical implementation standards, we decided that an intermediate logical model was a more achievable first step in the journey from narrative to fully computable representation. NCIG adopted the WHO Digital Adaptation Kit (DAK) as a technology‐agnostic method to model user scenarios, personae, processes and workflow, core data elements and decision‐support logic. Further work will address indicators, such as prescribing compliance, and implementation in document templates for primary care patient record systems.ConclusionsThe project has shown that the WHO DAK, with some modification, is a promising approach to build technology‐neutral logical specifications of NICE recommendations. Implementation of concurrent computable modelling by multidisciplinary teams during guideline development poses methodological and cultural questions that are complex but tractable given suitable will and leadership.
Biomimetic Therapeutics for Bone Regeneration: A Perspective on Antiaging Strategies
Authors: Miszuk Jacob , Sun Hongli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdvances in modern medicine and the significant reduction in infant mortality have steadily increased the population's lifespan. As more and more people in the world grow older, incidence of chronic, noncommunicable disease is anticipated to drastically increase. Recent studies have shown that improving the health of the aging population is anticipated to provide the most cost‐effective and impactful improvement in quality of life during aging‐driven disease. In bone, aging is tightly linked to increased risk of fracture, and markedly decreased regenerative potential, deeming it critical to develop therapeutics to improve aging‐driven bone regeneration. Biomimetics offer a cost‐effective method in regenerative therapeutics for bone, where there are numerous innovations improving outcomes in young models, but adapting biomimetics to aged models is still a challenge. Chronic inflammation, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and cellular senescence are among three of the more unique challenges facing aging‐induced defect repair. This review dissects many of the innovative biomimetic approaches research groups have taken to tackle these challenges, and discusses the further uncertainties that need to be addressed to push the field further. Through these research innovations, it can be noted that biomimetic therapeutics hold great potential for the future of aging‐complicated defect repair.
Switchable frequency‐selective rasorber/absorber based on single‐sheet structure
Authors: Yu Weiliang , Cheng Mengmeng , Huang Zhixiang , Liu Leilei , Luo Guo Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA single‐sheet structure‐based switchable broadband FSR/absorber is proposed. The lossy layers I, II, and the FSS are printed along the direction of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation (z‐direction) at the top, middle, and bottom positions of the substrate, respectively. A PIN diode is used in the lossy layer II and the FSS to switch their operating states. By activating or deactivating the PIN diodes, the design can operate as either an FSR or absorber. The FSR achieves a passband with an insertion loss of 0.64 dB at 3.9 GHz, and two absorption bands with fractional bandwidth of 87.6% and 20.8%, respectively. The absorber has a wide absorption band from 1.6 to 5.4 GHz (109%). It is transparent to EM waves of orthogonal polarization. The measured and simulated results are in close agreement, which exhibits stable performance under 30° of oblique incidence in both the xz‐ and yz‐planes.
1D elastic viscoplastic consolidation analysis of bi‐layered soft ground under time‐dependent drainage boundary and ramp load
Authors: Cui Penglu , Cao Wengui , Lin Congyu , Liu Yangyang , Chen Ming , Zhang Jiachao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe elastic viscoplastic properties are non‐negligible factors of clays that cause the deviation between the theoretical and the measured values, which were rarely incorporated in layered consolidation problems. Thus, this paper extended a generalized bi‐layered one‐dimensional (1D) consolidation model for soft ground under ramp load, simultaneously incorporating elastic viscoplastic deformation, non‐Darcy flow (NDF), and time‐dependent drainage boundary (TDB) condition. The finite volume technique was employed to numerically solve the control equation. Then, the proposed method solutions were verified by comparing with degenerated cases, including oedometer experimental results, analytical and semi‐analytical solutions with different boundary conditions. Furthermore, parametric studies were conducted on the bi‐layered clay creep consolidation characteristics by investigating the effect of the loading rate, interface and flow parameters, and the relative soil layer properties. The results demonstrate that the entire dissipation rate of the excess pore‐water pressure (EPWP) and settlement rate in the bi‐layered ground become faster as the soil thickness with high permeability or low compressibility increases. When considering the viscosity of soft clay, the EPWP exceeding the overlying construction load value can occur in poorly drained locations. Neglecting loading rate, time‐dependent drainage boundary (TDB), and NDF can result in a significant overestimation of consolidation and settlement proceedings.
Glucocorticosteroid interactions with natural toxins: A mini review
Authors: Harvey Philip W. , Healing Guy , Rees Stephen J. , Everett David J. , Cockburn Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA growing area of research in pharmacology and toxicology is concerned with the role of adrenal glucocorticosteroids (predominantly corticosterone in rats and mice, and cortisol in humans) in modulating toxicological responses. These steroids are secreted from the adrenal cortex, and in laboratory rodents secretion occurs particularly in response to stressful environmental change or noxious challenge, which can include a toxic insult. Glucocorticoids have profound biochemical effects in diverse tissues (e.g., inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis; effects on carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, and immunosuppression, and anti‐inflammatory effects). Given this range of pharmacological actions of glucocorticoids, effects on the response and tolerance to a toxic insult can be hypothesised. Indeed, it is now becoming clear that the toxicological response to a toxin can be modulated by pretreatment with, or coadministration of, natural glucocorticosteroids or their synthetic analogues. As achieving the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in an experimental animal, whether via a natural toxin or a synthetic chemical, can be stressful, the implications of these findings are far reaching. This review is intended to illustrate the principle that the toxicological responses to natural toxins (e.g., kainic acid, aflatoxin B1, trichothecenes) can be modulated by corticosterone and other natural and synthetic glucocorticosteroids. Particular emphasis is given to neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in laboratory rodent models, but nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, of which there are fewer studies, are also covered. Glucocorticoids can both enhance toxicity or protect against toxicity, and the direction of the effect depends on the target organ, the particular steroid, the properties of the toxin, and the temporal relationship of the coadministration regime.
Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) leaf shape variability: Why plant avoidance‐by‐identification recommendations likely do not substantially reduce poison ivy rash incidence
Authors: Jelesko John G. , Thompson Kyla , Magerkorth Noah , Verteramo Elizabeth , Becker Hannah , Flowers Joy G. , Sachs Jonathan , Datta Jyotishka , Metzgar Jordan 
Published: September 2023

Societal Impact StatementAvoidance of poison ivy plants is currently the primary approach to prevent the estimated 30–50 million annual poison ivy skin rash cases. The “leaves of three let it be” mnemonic device lacks specificity to differentiate poison ivy from other three‐leaflet native plants. This report demonstrated that poison ivy leaves show marked total leaf shape variability that likely confounds accurate poison ivy plant identification, and significantly undermines a poison ivy avoidance strategy for mitigating poison ivy rash cases. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to develop prophylactic medical procedures to prevent poison ivy rash that do not depend on human poison ivy plant identification.SummaryUrushiol is the natural product produced by poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) that is responsible for millions of cases of delayed contact allergenic dermatitis in North America each year. Avoidance of poison ivy plant material is the clinically recommended strategy for preventing urushiol‐induced dermatitis symptoms. However, poison ivy leaf shape is anecdotally notoriously variable, thereby confounding accurate poison ivy identification. This study focused on quantitative analyses of poison ivy and a common poison ivy look‐alike (American hog peanut) leaf shape variability in North America to empirically validate the high degree of poison ivy leaf shape plasticity.Poison ivy and American hog peanutiNaturalist.orgrecords were scored for seven attributes of compound leaf shape that were combined to produce a total leaf complexity score. Both the mean and the distribution of poison ivy total leaf complexity scores were significantly greater than that of American hog peanut. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling analyses corroborated a high degree of poison ivy leaf shape variability relative to American hog peanut. A poison ivy accession producing frequent palmate penta‐leaflet compound leaves was evaluated using linear regression modeling.Poison ivy total leaf complexity was exceedingly variable across a given latitude or longitude. With that said, there was a small but significant trend of poison ivy total leaf complexity increasing from east to west. Palmate penta‐leaflet formation was significantly correlated with a stochastic leaflet deep‐lobing developmental process in one unusual poison ivy accession.The empirically‐validated poison ivy leaf shape hypervariability described in this report likely confounds accurate poison ivy identification, thereby likely resulting in many accidental urushiol‐induced clinical allergenic dermatitis cases each year.
Effective delivery and selective insecticidal activity of double‐stranded RNA via complexation with diblock copolymer varies with polymer block composition
Authors: Pugsley Charlotte E. , Isaac R. Elwyn , Warren Nicholas J. , Stacey Martin , Ferguson Calum T. J. , Cappelle Kaat , Dominguez‐Espinosa Rosa , Cayre Olivier J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical insecticides are an important tool to control damaging pest infestations. However, lack of species specificity, the rise of resistance and the demand for biological alternatives with improved ecotoxicity profiles means that chemicals with new modes of action are required. RNA interference (RNAi)‐based strategies using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a species‐specific bio‐insecticide offer an exquisite solution that addresses these issues. Many species, such as the fruit pest Drosophila suzukii, do not exhibit RNAi when dsRNA is orally administered due to degradation by gut nucleases and slow cellular uptake pathways. Thus, delivery vehicles that protect and deliver dsRNA are highly desirable.RESULTSIn this work, we demonstrate the complexation of D. suzukii‐specific dsRNA for degradation of vha26 mRNA with bespoke diblock copolymers. We study the ex vivo protection of dsRNA against enzymatic degradation by gut enzymes, which demonstrates the efficiency of this system. Flow cytometry then investigates the cellular uptake of Cy3‐labelled dsRNA, showing a 10‐fold increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of cells treated with polyplexes. The polymer/dsRNA polyplexes induced a significant 87% decrease in the odds of survival of D. suzukii larvae following oral feeding only when formed with a diblock copolymer containing a long neutral block length (1:2 cationic block/neutral block). However, there was no toxicity when fed to the closely related Drosophila melanogaster.CONCLUSIONWe provide evidence that dsRNA complexation with diblock copolymers is a promising strategy for RNAi‐based species‐specific pest control, but optimisation of polymer composition is essential for RNAi success. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pleiotropic effects of N‐acylhomoserine lactone synthase ExpI on virulence, competition, and transmission in Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21
Authors: Kang Jihee , Yoon Hye Min , Jung Jaejoon , Yu Seonmi , Choi Shin‐Yae , Bae Hee‐Won , Cho You‐Hee , Chung Eui‐Hwan , Lee Yunho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDPectobacterium species are necrotrophic phytopathogenic bacteria that cause soft rot disease in economically important crops. The successful infection of host plants relies on interactions among virulence factors, competition, and transmission within hosts. Pectobacteria primarily produce and secrete plant cell‐wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs) for virulence. The regulation of PCWDEs is controlled by quorum sensing (QS). Thus, the QS system is crucial for disease development in pectobacteria through PCWDEs.RESULTSIn this study, we identified a Tn‐insertion mutant, M2, in the expI gene from a transposon mutant library of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc21 (hereafter Pcc21). The mutant exhibited reduced production and secretion of PCWDEs, impaired flagellar motility, and increased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, resulting in attenuated soft rot symptoms in cabbage and potato tubers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the down‐regulation of genes involved in the production and secretion in the mutant, consistent with the observed phenotype. Furthermore, the Pcc21 wild‐type transiently colonized in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster within 12 h after feeding, while the mutant compromised colonization phenotype. Interestingly, Pcc21 produces a bacteriocin, carocin D, to compete with other bacteria. The mutant exhibited up‐regulation of carocin D‐encoding genes (caroDK) and inhibited the growth of a closely related bacterium, P. wasabiae.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated the significance of ExpI in the overall pathogenic lifestyle of Pcc21, including virulence, competition, and colonization in plant and insect hosts. These findings suggest that disease outcome is a result of complex interactions mediated by ExpI across multiple steps. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancing resilience assessment and bus bridging service design for large‐scale rail transit systems under disruptions
Authors: Gong Xuanjing , Song Zihao , Xu Lei , Luo Chunling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a more computationally efficient approach for resilience assessment of rail transit system under disruptions. An improved linear programming model is developed to depict commuter flows and estimate system statuses. To address the computational challenge caused by the complexity of system, a four‐step approach is proposed based on the proposed commuter flow model. In the first step, Origin‐Destination (OD) pairs are divided into smaller groups and their flows under normal conditions are estimated by the proposed model separately, with the assumption that the railway capacity is sufficient relative to demand. Next, overall system statuses under normal conditions, including commuters on each train and spare capacities of each train are calculated by integrating results obtained in the first step. In the third step, system statuses under disruptions are estimated. In this step, we assume that unaffected commuters will not change their routes and flows of all affected commuters are estimated by a modified commuter model with given spare space of trains. Based on these outputs, several critical measures are introduced and calculated to quantify the resilience, resistance, and recovery ability of rail network systematically. We also demonstrate how our approach could be used to facilitate design and evaluation of bus bridging service. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the core part of Hangzhou rail transit network.
Modulation of various host cellular machinery during COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Malvankar Shivani , Singh Anjali , Ravi Kumar Y. S. , Sahu Swetangini , Shah Megha , Murghai Yamini , Seervi Mahendra , Srivastava Rupesh K. , Verma Bhupendra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) emerged in December 2019, causing a range of respiratory infections from mild to severe. This resulted in the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on public health. The World Health Organization declared COVID‐19 as a global pandemic in March 2020. Viruses are intracellular pathogens that rely on the host's machinery to establish a successful infection. They exploit the gene expression machinery of host cells to facilitate their own replication. Gaining a better understanding of gene expression modulation in SARS‐CoV2 is crucial for designing and developing effective antiviral strategies. Efforts are currently underway to understand the molecular‐level interaction between the host and the pathogen. In this review, we describe how SARS‐CoV2 infection modulates gene expression by interfering with cellular processes, including transcription, post‐transcription, translation, post‐translation, epigenetic modifications as well as processing and degradation pathways. Additionally, we emphasise the therapeutic implications of these findings in the development of new therapies to treat SARS‐CoV2 infection.