bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of feeding varying levels of mycotoxin-containing corn fines on diet choice and growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Paczosa D B , Chevalier T B , Adedokun S A , Zheng L , Lindemann M D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mycotoxins in feed are known to negatively affect growth and other physiological processes in pigs. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets with varying levels of mycotoxins and boron (a nutrient reported to mitigate some aspects of mycotoxicosis). Screenings from the 2020 crop year corn contained mycotoxin levels of 23,038 ppb total fumonisins (FUM), 1,446 ppb zearalenone (ZEA), and 5,032 ppb total deoxynivalenol (DON). The corn fines were added to a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) nutrient requirements as a replacement for corn at 0, 10, and 20% for Diets 1-3. Diets 4-6 were Diets 1-3, respectively, plus 40 ppm boron from sodium tetraborate decahydrate. Diets 3 and 6 were formulated to approximate the guidance level of fumonisin and the advisory level of DON stated by the FDA. Exp. 1 used 48 crossbred pigs (initial body weight [BW] = 9.18 kg ± 0.12 kg) blocked by sex and BW and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 treatment comparisons: Comparison 1) Diet 1 vs. Diet 2; Comparison 2) Diet 1 vs. Diet 3; and Comparison 3) Diet 2 vs. Diet 3. There were 4 replicates (4 pigs/pen) for the 21-day preference trial. Exp. 2 used 144 crossbred pigs (mean initial BW = 10.20 ± 0.23 kg) blocked by sex and BW and randomly allotted to diets for a total of 6 replicates (4 pigs/pen) for a 21-day growth trial. On d 21, serum was collected from the heaviest and lightest pig in each pen for clinical chemistry assessment. Exp. 1 demonstrated the barrows’ ability to discern between diets in Comparisons 2 and 3 (P &lt; 0.01) for each week while gilts only started to exhibit that ability during Week 3 for Comparison 2 (P = 0.06). Increasing mycotoxin levels in Exp. 2 had no effect on overall ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P = 0.16, 0.53, and 0.92, respectively). The increasing mycotoxin levels affected serum glucose and cholesterol (P = 0.03, and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). There was no effect of boron on the same performance measures (P = 0.81, 0.59, and 0.76, respectively) although it did lower serum glucose (P = 0.02). In conclusion, pigs can differentiate and choose between diets containing these mixed mycotoxins but when not given a choice, the pigs do not necessarily have different growth performance using the particular mycotoxins and concentrations within the framework of this assessment.
Volume, Risk, Complexity: What Makes Development Finance Projects Succeed or Fail?
Authors: Eilers Yota , Kluve Jochen , Langbein Jörg , Reiners Lennart 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study presents a quantitative analysis of the determinants of success—and failure—of bilateral development finance projects, based on a unique database covering 5,608 project evaluation results. Linking project success ratings to a comprehensive and partly novel set of explanatory factors along the project life cycle, four research hypotheses are investigated, finding that (I) development finance projects with comprehensive financing are (slightly) more successful, in particular budget funds show a significant positive correlation; (II) the project structure does not significantly influence project success; (III) more-complex development finance projects are less successful, in particular in terms of technical complexity and longer implementation duration; (IV) riskier projects are significantly less successful.
National Trends in Hospital Admissions, Interventions and Outcomes for Early-Onset (Age <50) Diverticulitis From 2005-2020
Authors: Kim Shineui , Kwon Bill , Chervu Nikhil , Mallick Saad , Ali Konmal , Benharash Peyman , Hawkins Alexander T. , Lee Hanjoo , Khan Aimal 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the burden and outcomes of diverticulitis in patients under the age of 50. This knowledge gap hinders the development of effective management strategies and preventive measures for this population.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to analyze national trends in hospitalizations, interventions, and outcomes for early-onset (age <50) diverticulitis in comparison to standard-onset (age ≥50) cohorts.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study.

SETTINGS:
A survey-weighted, national sample extracted from the National Inpatient Sample.

PATIENTS:
All adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized for diverticulitis between 2005 and 2020.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
National trends in the proportions of early-onset vs. standard-onset diverticulitis related, along with the rates of colectomy.

RESULTS:
From 2005-2020, 5,239,735 patients were electively hospitalized for diverticulitis. 837,195 (16.0%) were early onset. During the study period, the proportion of Early-onset cohort admitted for complicated-diverticulitis significantly increased from 18.5% to 28.2% (nptrend < 0.001) Additionally, there was a decline in the proportion of early-onset diverticulitis patients needing a colectomy (34.7% to 20.3%, nptrend < 0.001), with a corresponding increase in the proportion of patients needing Interventional Radiology intervention (12.7% to 28.6%, nptrend < 0.001). Compared to standard-onset diverticulitis, early-onset diverticulitis was associated with decreased odds of mortality (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 0.18, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 0.16-0.20, p < 0.001) as well as decreased length of stay (β -0.28 days, 95% CI [-0.32,-0.24], p < 0.001) and hospitalization costs (β -$1,900, 95%CI [-$2,100,-$1,800], p < 0.001). Additionally, early-onset diverticulitis was associated with increased odds of colectomy (AOR 1.29, 95%CI 1.26-1.31) and percutaneous drainage (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.53-1.62).

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective data collection. Lack of granular clinical data.

CONCLUSION:
There has been a significant increase in the proportion of complicated-diverticulitis related admissions among patients under 50. Patients with early-onset diverticulitis were more likely to undergo colectomy or percutaneous drainage than those with standard-onset (≥50 years) diverticulitis. Future work is needed to determine the cause for these trends and identify public health policies aimed at potential preventing the increasing burden of diverticulitis among younger populations. See Video Abstract.
Deoxycholate for Subcutaneous Fat Reduction: A Review of Current Literature and Potential New Delivery Systems
Authors: Moreira Caetano Pinto Rodrigo , Moreira Caetano Pinto Guilherme , Beltrame Flávio Luís , Colerato Ferrari Priscileila 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Deoxycholate is approved for submental fat reduction due to its ability to lyse cells and reduce fat accumulation, but it is used off-label in aesthetic treatments for subcutaneous fat reduction for several other parts of the body.

OBJECTIVE
Review the clinical evidence supporting using sodium deoxycholate and delivery systems for aesthetic purposes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review explores the clinical evidence for sodium deoxycholate's efficacy and safety in fat reduction, exploring the use of delivery systems to mitigate adverse effects. A comprehensive literature search across Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was executed to prepare this review.

RESULTS
Clinical studies confirm that subcutaneous deoxycholate injections effectively reduce submental fat, with long-term results suggesting maintained efficacy up to 3 years post-treatment. However, adverse effects are noted, prompting research into novel delivery systems, which include sustained-release liquid crystal formulations and micro/nanoparticle-based systems, promising to reduce side effects while enhancing efficacy.

CONCLUSION
The findings underscore that deoxycholate is clinically well-established in efficacy and safety, with substantial evidence for treating submental fat. More extensive clinical studies are necessary to establish its safety and effectiveness in larger treatment areas and optimize treatment outcomes using different delivery systems.
Rewarding twenty-year experience with initial and repeat EKG and echocardiographic screening for prevention of sudden death in detecting abnormal findings
Authors: Bates Sharon , Movahed Mohammad Reza 
Published: February 2025

Background:
To further analyze the impacts, findings, and modalities of multiple cardiac screenings to answer the question – are multiple screens necessary and useful in youth?

Methods:
Over 20 years, the Anthony Bates Foundation (ABF) has offered free and low-cost cardiac screenings to youth and their families nationwide. The volunteer force has provided blood pressure, and ultrasound tests to participants throughout the 20 years. After year 7, electrocardiograms were added to the screening.

Results:
Over the 20 years, ABF abnormal findings held steady between 10 - 13%, with Potential Life-Threatening (PLT) findings at 2.5%. The participants that have experienced multiple screening tests on average would repeat within 2.5 years, have abnormal findings at 31.84%, PLT at 11.43%, and total echocardiography-related abnormal findings at 16.82%. The variance between male and female attendance by age is also noted during the review of ABF repeat screened data. Male attendance was at 59.65% and female 40.35%. The abnormality rate of males for the first visit was 10.9% followed by the second visit of 18.80%. The abnormality rate of females for the first visit was 12.22% followed by the second visit of 17.09%. A detailed analysis of abnormal findings is presented in this manuscript.

Conclusions:
Cardiac screening involving multiple repeated screenings appears to be effective in detecting increasing numbers of abnormal findings that can be lifesaving.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Following Vitrectomy and Subretinal Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Submacular Hemorrhage
Authors: Safran Jordan P. , Momenaei Bita , Martin Jonathan , Crain Benjamin , Richards Collin , Kaiser Richard , Garg Sunir J. , Sivalingam Arunan , Spirn Marc , Hsu Jason 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To investigate the incidence and outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) occurring after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and subretinal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for submacular hemorrhage (SMH).

Methods:
Charts were reviewed between April 1, 2014 and September 1, 2023 for eyes that underwent PPV/subretinal tPA for SMH.

Results:
Out of 167 eyes, 15 (9%) eyes developed RRD with macular detachment in 12 (80%) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in 9 eyes (60%). The median (interquartile range, IQR) time from PPV/subretinal tPA until RRD diagnosis was 41 (22-81) days. Single-surgery anatomic success was achieved in 11 eyes (85%) at three months and 9 eyes (70%) at the final visit. Four eyes (27%) developed redetachment and three underwent a median of two additional repairs. The final anatomic success rate for reattachment was 92% (12/13). The median (IQR) logMAR [Snellen] visual acuity at the preoperative visit following SMH was 2 (2-2.3) [20/2000], which worsened to 2.3 (2.2-2.7) [20/4000] at the time of RRD diagnosis (P=0.01) and plateaued by the final visit to 2.3 (2-2.7) [20/4000] (P=0.15).

Conclusion:
Postoperative RRD occurred in nearly 1 in 10 eyes after PPV/subretinal tPA for SMH and was associated with a relatively high rate of PVR.
Assessment of Corneal Biomechanics and Intraocular Pressure With Scleral Lenses of Different Diameters
Authors: Queiruga-Piñeiro Juan , Martínez-Alberquilla Irene , Rodríguez-Uña Ignacio , Barros Alberto , Lozano-Sanroma Javier , Cueto Luis Fernández-Vega , Merayo-Lloves Jesús 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To evaluate the short-term influence of scleral lenses (SL) with different diameters on intraocular pressure (IOP) and corneal biomechanics. A secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between fluid reservoir (FR) thickness and IOP and biomechanical parameters.

Methods:
Thirty healthy subjects were randomly fitted with L1 (diameter of 15.80 mm) and L2 (diameter of 16.80 mm) on the right eye and worn for 2 hr. On IOP and corneal biomechanical parameters were measured with the CORVIS ST before and after SL removal. Fluid reservoir thickness at 0 and 2 hr of wear was measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Biomechanical parameters decreased after removal of L1 (−1.04±1.47 mm Hg) (P<0.01) and L2 (−0.80±1.74 mm Hg) (P=0.02). The biomechanical parameters A1T (−0.11±0.18 ms) (P=0.01) and SP-A1 (−4.29±9.97 mm Hg/mm) (P=0.02) decreased after L1 removal, whereas a decrease in highest concavity time (−0.21±0.50 m/s) (P=0.03) and an increase in highest concavity radius (+0.17±0.43 mm) (P=0.04) were observed after L2 removal. A significant, negative, and moderate correlation was found between highest concavity deformation amplitude and FR thickness with L1 (r=−0.42, P=0.02).

Conclusions:
The small changes in corneal biomechanical parameters and IOP values induced by short-term SL wear have no significant clinical impact and were not influenced by the diameter of the SL.
Primary CD4+ T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of Conjunctiva
Authors: Margo Curtis E. , DeAngelis Kendra D. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe a patient with a primary CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder of conjunctiva.

Methods:
Case report and review of the literature.

Results:
An 81-year-old man was referred for asymptomatic bilateral conjunctival masses that on biopsy revealed a proliferation of mature CD4+ lymphocytes associated with T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement. The histopathology and immunophenotypic profile in the absence of disease elsewhere bore resemblance to primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.

Conclusions:
In 2016, the World Health Organization reclassified primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma to a lymphoproliferative disorder because neither dissemination nor death had been documented. This case displays similarities with the latter but has nonconforming features. Multicentric clonal expansion of T cells do not inevitably indicate lymphoma. Lymphoproliferative disorders that display features of reactive hyperplasia and lymphoma and are not easily classified need to be carefully monitored.
Accuracy of the Heijl–Krakau Method During Blind-spot Stimulation with the Head Mounted Imo Perimeter in Patients with Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspects
Authors: Eura Mariko , Nomoto Hiroki , Matsumoto Chota , Ishibashi Takuya , Tanabe Fumi , Yoshikawa Keiji , Nanno Mami , Kusaka Shunji 
Published: February 2025

Précis:
13.9% of fixation loss responses by the Heijl-Krakau method were observed even in stable fixation eyes. The Heijl-Krakau method would overestimate the fixation loss responses.

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Heijl–Krakau method by measuring eye positions during blind-spot stimulation.

Methods:
Two thousand one hundred fifty-three eyes of 1155 glaucoma and glaucoma-suspect patients. All patients underwent a head-mounted perimeter imo test. The imo has an eye tracking system that records eye position during tests and assists the device with stimulating corrected points corresponding to eye movement. All stimulus presentations were classified into three groups: 1. fixation loss (FL) stimulus: responded to Heijl–Krakau stimuli; 2. non-FL stimulus: did not respond to Heijl–Krakau stimuli; 3. total stimuli: all other stimuli except for Heijl–Krakau stimuli. We compared the amount of fixation displacement between the FL, non-FL, and total stimuli by the Mann–Whitney U test. Relationships between the FL and mean deviation (MD), the FL and age were analyzed.

Results:
The median fixation displacements with the FL, non-FL, and total stimuli were 3.2°, 1.4° and 1.5°, respectively. The fixation displacement in the FL stimulus group was greater than that in the non-FL and total stimuli groups (P<0.001). When we defined fixation displacement in the range of less than 1° as “stable eye fixation”, 13.9% of the stimulus points corresponded to “stable eye fixation” with the FL stimulus. No significant relationships were found in the FL and MD, as well as in the FL and age.

Conclusion:
In glaucoma and glaucoma suspected patients, after allowance for eye movement by imo patients still responded to the Heijl-Krakau blind spot monitor on 13.9% of occasions.. Our results suggest that the Heijl–Krakau method overestimates the FL response in glaucoma and glaucoma suspected patients.
Comparison of percutaneous versus cutdown access in patients after endovascular abdominal aortic repair: a randomized controlled trial (SWEET-EVAR trial)
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Wang Jiarong , Zhao Jichun , Yuan Ding , Weng Chengxin , Huang Bin , Wang Tiehao 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
The optimal choice of either percutaneous or cutdown access for endovascular abdominal aortic repair (EVAR) remains uncertain due to insufficient evidence, particularly regarding patient-centered outcomes (PCOs). This study aimed at comparing both clinician-reported outcomes (ClinROs) and PCOs of percutaneous versus cutdown access in patients after EVAR.

Methods:
The study was a single-blind, single-center, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial. After eligibility screening, patients diagnosed with abdominal aortic diseases were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving percutaneous EVAR or the control group receiving cutdown EVAR. Primary ClinRO was access-related complications, and primary PCO was time return to normal life/work.

Results:
Overall, 120 patients (containing 240 accesses) were allocated to either intervention group (n = 62) or control group (n = 58). Percutaneous EVAR (10/124, 8.1%) was non-inferior and not superior to cutdown EVAR (17/116, 14.7%) regarding access-related complications (P = 0.110; OR: 0.521, 95% CI: 0.225–1.157). As for PCOs, the recovery time back to normal life or work was superior in percutaneous EVAR compared to cutdown EVAR (16 vs. 28 days, P = 0.025; median difference: 7 days, 95% CI: 0–13 days). Moreover, percutaneous access did better in other PCOs, including a reduction in the duration of access-related pain (4 vs. 8 days, P = 0.001), decreased use of analgesics for access-related pain (0/61, 0% vs. 6/55, 10.9%; P = 0.026), and improved quality of life scores at 2 weeks following EVAR (0.876 vs. 0.782; P = 0.022). Prespecified subgroup analyses demonstrated percutaneous access significantly reduced the incidence of access-related complications compared to cutdown access in patients with thick subcutaneous tissue (1/42, 2.4% vs. 7/32, 21.9%; P = 0.026).

Conclusion:
In patients without massive common femoral artery calcification, percutaneous access may accelerate postoperative recovery and enhance patient experience and quality of life following EVAR, but did not provide obvious advantages regarding access-related complications.
Evaluating the learning curve for flexible ureteroscopic thulium fiber laser lithotripsy using CUSUM analysis
Authors: Li Zhilong , Wu Shaojie , Tang Xiaoyu , Luo Yongwen , Wang Du , Liu Tongzu , Li Sheng , Wang Xinghuan 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Effective training methods and learning curve (LC) assessment are crucial for more difficult endoscopic procedures. The present study sought to assess the LC of ureteral flexible scopes for thulium fiber laser (TFL) lithotripsy and determine the effectiveness of using a porcine kidney model in training modality, to inform future training.

Methods:
Postgraduate medical students without experience in ureteroscopy were recruited, and surgical data were collected from 10 consecutive flexible ureteroscopic (fURS) lithotripsy procedures performed on our homemade porcine kidney training model. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis and pooled mean CUSUM curves were applied to determine the LC turning points (TPs), and pre-LC and post-LC data were compared with that of an experienced attending physician.

Results:
Data from 110 surgeries were included in the analysis. The mean number of surgical units to overcome the LC for the duration of fURS TFL lithotripsy was 4. The operation time, number of tissue damage, and number of central visual shifts were significantly lower in students after the TP than before. No statistically significant difference in operation time was found between the students after the LC (817.50 [703.75-964.75]) and the surgeon group (732.50 [51.00-822.25]).

Conclusion:
Overcoming the LC of fURS TFL lithotripsy requires four surgeries, and the developed ex vivo porcine kidney is a conveniently accessible and effective clinical training model.
Comparison of submucosal and subserosal approach in ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients: long-term outcomes of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zhong Qing , Shang-Guan Zhi-Xin , Liu Zhi-Yu , Wu Dong , Huang Ze-Ning , Wang Hua-Gen , Chen Jun-Yun , Wu Jin-Xun , Li Ping , Xie Jian-Wei , Zheng Chao-Hui , Chen Qi-Yue , Huang Chang-Ming 
Published: February 2025

Background
Previous studies have demonstrated similar short-term efficacy between subserosal (SSA) and submucosal (SMA) approaches for ICG injection in gastric cancer (GC). This study aims to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of these two injection methods for lymph node (LN) tracing in ICG-guided laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Materials and methods
This study was a phase 3, open-label, randomized clinical trial (FUGES-019). A total of 266 patients with resectable gastric adenocarcinoma (cT1-4a, N0/ +, M0) were enrolled. We report predefined long-term secondary outcomes, including three-year actual overall survival (OS), three-year actual disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence patterns.

Results
Of the 266 participants, 259 patients were included in the per-protocol analysis; 129 in the SSA group and 130 in the SMA group. The actual OS in the SSA group (87.6%) was comparable to that in the SMA group (90.8%, P = 0.41), as were the 3-year actual DFS rates (SSA: 82.9% vs. SMA: 88.5%, Log-rank P = 0.19). Per-protocol analysis confirmed the equivalence of the SSA compared with the SMA. The most common type of recurrence was multiple site metastasis (11 of 259[4.24%]), with no differences in recurrence types across cancer stages. Further stratified analysis based on pT, pN staging, tumor size, and BMI showed no significant differences between the two groups.

Conclusion
The 3-year outcomes of the FUGES-019 trial confirm the equivalence of SSA and SMA in ICG-guided laparoscopic lymphadenectomy for GC, supporting the previous short-term findings. The subserosal approach can be recommended for ICG administration based on clinical considerations.