bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Timing of Ovulation and Fertility of Heifers After Synchronization of Oestrus with GnRH and Prostaglandin F2α
Authors: Tenhagen B‐A , Kuchenbuch S , Heuwieser W 
Published: January 2005

ContentsSynchronization of oestrus and/or ovulation can reduce workload in heifer reproductive management. The objective of this study was to compare two protocols to synchronize oestrus and/or ovulation using GnRH and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in dairy heifers concerning their effect on follicular dynamics and reproductive performance. Four trials were carried out. In trial 1, 282 heifers were treated with GnRH and PGF2α 7 days apart (GP protocol). One group was inseminated on detection of oestrus (IDO 1), and the other group received two timed artificial inseminations (AI) 48 and 72 h after PGF2α administration (TAI 1). In trial 2, 98 heifers were synchronized with the same GP protocol. Heifers in IDO 2 were treated as in IDO 1, heifers in TAI 2 received two TAI 48 and 78 h after PGF2α administration. In trial 3, heifers in IDO 3 (n = 71) were again treated as in IDO 1. Heifers in TAI 3 (n = 166) received a second dose of GnRH 48 h after PGF2α (GPG protocol) and TAI together with this treatment and 24 h later. Trial 4 compared the timing of ovulation after the GP and the GPG protocol, using a subgroup of the heifers from trials 1 to 3. The ovaries of the heifers were scanned via ultrasound at 48, 56, 72, 80, 96 and 104 h after PGF2α administration. Timing of ovulation and size of the ovulatory follicles were compared between the two groups. In trials 1 to 3, conception rates to first service were between 49 and 66%. They did not differ significantly between IDO and TAI groups within or between trials. Pregnancy rates per synchronization were numerically higher in the TAI groups, but the difference was not significant. Conception rates to breeding on spontaneous oestrus in heifers returning to oestrus were higher than that after synchronized oestrus. In trial 4, more heifers ovulated before the end of the observation period in GPG than in GP (96.5% vs 74.7%; p < 0.001). Overall, ovulatory follicles were smaller in GPG (13.1 ± 1.9 mm vs 14.3 ± 1.9 mm; p < 0.001).
Effectiveness of ozone, heat and chlorine for destroying common food spoilage bacteria in synthetic media and biofilms†
Authors: DOSTI BILAL , GUZEL‐SEYDIM ZEYNEP , GREENE ANNEL K 
Published: January 2005

Ozone, chlorine and heat applications were compared for killing effectiveness against food spoilage bacteria in synthetic broth. Fresh 24‐h bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 948), Pseudomonas fragi (ATCC 4973), Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 795), Enterobacter aerogenes (ATCC 35028), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 35030) and Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 14580) were exposed to ozone (0.6 ppm for 1 min and 10 min), chlorine (100 ppm for 2 min) or heat (77 ± 1°C for 5 min). One‐minute ozonation had little effect against the bacteria. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among 10‐min ozonation, chlorine or heat inactivation of all bacteria exceptB. licheniformis. Ten‐minute ozonation caused the highest bacterial population reduction, with a mean reduction over all species of 7.3 log units followed by heat (5.4 log reduction) and chlorine (3.07 log reduction). Clean, passivated, sterile stainless steel (SS) metal coupons [2.54 × 2.54 cm2, American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) number 304] were incubated in ultra‐high temperature (UHT) sterile milk inoculated with P. fluorescens (ATCC 948), P. fragi (ATCC 4973) and P. putida (ATCC 795) for 24–72 h. After biofilm formation, the SS metal coupons were rinsed with phosphate‐buffered saline (1 min) and exposed to ozone (0.6 ppm for 10 min) and chlorine (100 ppm for 2 min). Results indicated that both ozone and chlorine significantly reduced the biofilm bacteria adhered to the SS metal coupons as compared to the control (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between ozone and chlorine inactivation of the bacteria with the exception of P. putida. Ozone killed P. putida more effectively than chlorine.
Significant paternal contribution to the risk of small for gestational age
Authors: Jaquet Delphine , Swaminathan Shailender , Alexander Greg R. , Czernichow Paul , Collin Dominique , Salihu Hamisu M. , Kirby Russell S. , Lévy‐Marchal Claire 
Published: January 2005

Objective  The aim of this study is to investigate both maternal and paternal contributions in the familial aggregation of small for gestational age.Design  Nested case–control study.Setting  Metropolitan area of Haguenau, France.Population  Data were drawn from a French population‐based maternity registry. After selection, 256 cases born either small for gestational age or average for gestational age were included.Methods  Controlling for known pregnancy‐related risk factors, logistic regression models were used to determine the risk of the child being small for gestational age, given that the mother, father or both were small for gestational age, and to examine interactions between maternal small for gestational age and pregnancy risk factors.Main outcome measures  Specifically, we investigate to what extent having either or both parents born small for gestational age increases the risk of small for gestational age in their offspring, after controlling for the established risk factors of small for gestational age and maternal and paternal characteristics. We also explore the extent to which the intergenerational predictors of small for gestational age may modify the effect of current pregnancy‐related risk factors.Results  The risk of a small for gestational age offspring was 4.7 times greater for mothers and 3.5 times greater for fathers who were small for gestational age, compared with average for gestational age counterparts. Furthermore, the risk of a small for gestational age offspring was 16.3 times greater when both parents were small for gestational age. No significant interactions between maternal small for gestational age and maternal smoking, hypertension or parity were observed.Conclusion  These results indicate that small for gestational age in both mother and father significantly influences the risk of their offspring being small for gestational age. While previous research has indicated that the birth outcome of the mother is an important determinant of the birth outcome of her offspring, these data indicate that the birth outcome of the father plays an equally critical role in determining fetal growth, strongly suggesting a genetic component in the familial aggregation of small for gestational age.
Fetal heart rate patterns and ECG ST segment changes preceding metabolic acidaemia at birth
Authors: Amer‐Wåhlin Isis , Ingemarsson Ingemar , Marsal Karel , Herbst Andreas 
Published: January 2005

Objectives  To compare the rates of abnormal ST segment patterns of the ECG and cardiotocographic (CTG) abnormalities in fetuses with metabolic acidaemia at birth and controls. To evaluate the inter‐observer agreement in interpretation of ST analysis and CTG.Design  Case–control study.Setting  Three University hospitals in southern Sweden.Population  Cases and controls were selected from the Swedish randomised controlled trial on intrapartum monitoring, including 4966 fetuses monitored with a scalp electrode.Methods  Two obstetricians independently assessed the CTG and ST traces of 41 fetuses with metabolic acidaemia at birth and 101 controls, blinded to group, outcome and all clinical data. They classified each CTG trace and ST analysis as abnormal or not abnormal, and whether there was indication to intervene according to the CTG or to the CTG + ST guidelines. If their classification differed, assessment by a third obstetrician determined the final classification.Main outcome measures  Rates of CTG and ST abnormalities and decisions to intervene. Rates of inter‐observer agreement.Results  CTG was classified as abnormal in 50% and ST in 63% of cases with acidaemia, and in 20% and 34% of controls, respectively. CTG abnormalities were judged to be indication for intervention in 45% and CTG + ST abnormalities in 56% of cases with acidaemia, and in 15% and 8% of controls, respectively. The proportion of agreement between the two initial observers was significantly higher for ST abnormalities (94%) than for CTG abnormalities (73%), and for indication to intervene according to CTG + ST (89%) than according to CTG alone (76%).Conclusions  The inter‐observer agreement rate was higher for a decision to intervene based on CTG + ST than on CTG alone.
Pre‐ and periconceptional primary cytomegalovirus infection: risk of vertical transmission and congenital disease
Authors: Daiminger A. , Bäder U. , Enders G. 
Published: January 2005

Objective  To estimate the risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and disease following primary maternal infection around the time of conception compared with the risk during later stages of pregnancy.Design  Cohort study between 1990 and 2003.Setting  Germany.Participants  One hundred and sixty‐six pregnant women with serologically confirmed primary cytomegalovirus infection and known outcome.Methods  Timing of primary cytomegalovirus infection by analysing the kinetics of cytomegalovirus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies, the IgG avidity index and neutralising antibodies.Main outcome measure   Onset of maternal primary infection in relation to congenital infection and disease.Results  Preconceptional (between eight and two weeks before onset of the last menstrual period) was determined in three women and did not lead to congenital infection. Periconceptional infection (between one week before and five weeks after last menstrual period) occurred in 20 women with congenital infection in nine cases (45%). Timing was less precise (between eight weeks before and five weeks after last menstrual period) in an additional 10 women, three cases of which resulted in congenital infection. Of the 12 pregnancies in which congenital infection occurred, seven were terminated, six before the 12th week of gestation (WG 12) and one at WG 19 due to fetal hyperechogenic bowel. One of the five infected live‐born infants delivered to a mother with periconceptional infection showed dystrophy and mild microcephaly at birth, but had a rather normal development at two years of age. Primary infections occurring between WG 6–20 and WG 20–38 resulted in transmission rates of 30% (27/89) and 58% (18/31), respectively.Conclusions  Counselling of women with periconceptional primary cytomegalovirus infection should be adjusted to offer prenatal diagnosis and high‐level ultrasound controls due to the considerable risk for fetal infection and uncertainty of clinical outcome and disease.
Mechanical Performance of a Screw‐Type Veterinary Suture Anchor Subjected to Single Load to Failure and Cyclic Loads
Authors: Balara Jason M. , McCarthy Robert J. , Boudrieau Randy J. , Kraus Karl H. 
Published: January 2005

Objective—To characterize the mechanical performance of a veterinary bone anchor under static and cyclic loads.Study Design—Mechanical testing study.Animals—Cadaveric canine humeri.Methods—Humeri (6 pairs) were collected from skeletally mature dogs (mean [±SD] age, 17.2±2.1 months; weight, 20.8±1.5 kg). Bone anchors were inserted in the proximal metaphysis using nylon, and were longitudinally extracted. For the opposite humerus, anchors were subjected to longitudinal cyclic load (50% of the load at failure of their pair) for 1200 cycles then longitudinally loaded to failure. Anchors were then installed in a similar and adjacent area of these 2ndhumeri with nylon and cyclically tested perpendicular to the axis of anchor insertion (100% of the longitudinal holding power of their pair) for 1200 cycles, then perpendicularly loaded to failure. Paired t‐tests were used to compare holding power before and after longitudinal cyclic testing.Results—Longitudinal holding power of the screw‐type anchor in the proximal humerus was 385±30 N. Anchor pullout was the only mode of failure. Anchors in the paired humeri did not fail after 1200 cycles of 50% longitudinal loading, and post‐cycle holding strength was not different (335±87 N;P=.32). Perpendicularly loaded anchors did not fail after 1200 cycles of 100% of opposite longitudinal holding strength, and had post‐cycle perpendicular holding strengths of 514±72 N. Suture breakage was the mode of failure.Clinical Relevance—Bone anchor holding strength is dependent on orientation of suture load. Screw‐type bone anchor holding strength was not affected by longitudinal cyclic loading, and holding strengths of approximately 385 N can be expected in metaphyseal bone of large‐breed mature dogs. Perpendicularly loaded anchors have higher failure loads, and holding strength of approximately 514 N can be expected in metaphyseal bone of the proximal humerus.
Thoracolumbar Lateral Corpectomy for Treatment of Chronic Disk Herniation: Technique Description and Use in 15 Dogs
Authors: Moissonnier Pierre , Meheust Pierre , Carozzo Claude 
Published: January 2005

Objective— To describe a technique for thoracolumbar lateral corpectomy and to evaluate its use for treatment of chronic thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs.Study design— Retrospective study.Animals— Fifteen dogs with signs of chronic thoracolumbar disk herniation.Methods— After a dorsal or lateral approach to the spine, a lateral slot was created in 2 adjacent vertebral bodies on either side of the herniated disk and extruded/protruded material was removed. Data collected included history, duration of clinical signs, presurgical assessment of neurologic status, postsurgical neurologic status, complications, and outcome.Results— Ambulatory capacity was maintained or regained, and neurologic status improved by 1 grade (3 dogs), 2 grades (8), 3 grades (2), or 4 grades (2). Eleven dogs were considered free of disease. A seroma in 1 dog was the sole complication observed.Conclusions— Lateral corpectomy permits relatively easy removal of protruded–extruded disk material from within the vertebral canal in chronic disk disease without further iatrogenic injury to the spinal cord.Clinical Relevance— Lateral corpectomy is an alternative to dorsal decompression for treatment of ventral and lateroventral thoracolumbar chronic disk disease in dogs.
Caprine Obstructive Urolithiasis: Requirement for 2nd Surgical Intervention and Mortality After Percutaneous Tube Cystostomy, Surgical Tube Cystostomy, or Urinary Bladder Marsupialization
Authors: Fortier Lisa A. , Gregg Abigail J. , Erb Hollis N. , Fubini Susan L. 
Published: January 2005

Objectives—To determine the requirement for 2nd surgical interventions and mortality after 3 different surgical techniques (percutaneous tube cystostomy [10 goats], surgical tube cystostomy [25 goats], urinary bladder marsupialization [10 goats]) for caprine obstructive urolithiasis, and to determine whether pre‐ or 24‐hour postoperative physical examination findings or serum chemistry results could be used as predictors of mortality.Study Design—Retrospective study.Animals—Male goats (45) with obstructive urolithiasis.Methods—Medical records for all male goats admitted and operated for obstructive urolithiasis between 1993 and 2003 were reviewed. Data retrieved included signalment, pre‐ and 24‐hour postoperative values for temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, serum K+, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]. The type of initial surgical procedure, time to 2nd surgical intervention, time to death, and duration and cost of hospitalization were also obtained.Results—Percutaneous tube cystostomy was associated with a significantly increased requirement for (5.6‐fold increased hazard) and decreased time to a 2nd intervention (P=.002). There were no differences between the 3 procedures for time to mortality. Increased BUN and respiratory rate at admission were associated with increased mortality (hazards ratio of 4.8 and 5.0, respectively). Urinary bladder marsupialization was associated with significantly decreased hospitalization time (P=.02) and cost (P=.04) compared with surgical tube cystostomy and percutaneous tube cystostomy.Conclusion—Surgical tube cystostomy and bladder marsupialization are both acceptable surgical methods for treatment of caprine obstructive urolithiasis. Each procedure has inherent complications that should be discussed with the owner before choosing the surgical treatment.Clinical Relevance—There are acceptable options for treatment of caprine obstructive urolithiasis; however, percutaneous tube cystostomy should be avoided.
Evaluation of a Sheep Laparoscopic Uterine Trauma Model and Repeat Laparoscopy for Evaluation of Adhesion Formation and Prevention with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Ewoldt Jennifer M. , Anderson David E. , Hardy Joanne , Weisbrode Steven E. 
Published: January 2005

Objective—To evaluate topical application of 1% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) for prevention of postoperative adhesions in a laparoscopic model of uterine trauma in sheep.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Fourteen non‐pregnant ewes.Methods—Ewes were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: control (saline solution) or 1% SCMC treatment. By left flank laparoscopy, traumatic forceps were used to create serosal trauma (1.5 × 5 cm) and hemorrhage on the left uterine horn. Either 30 mL saline solution or 30 mL 1% SCMC was applied topically to the traumatized uterine horn. Adhesion formation was evaluated by repeat laparoscopy at days 14 and 21. Sheep were euthanatized on day 28 for necropsy evaluation of adhesions.Results—Five control sheep had adhesions of the uterine horn by day 14, but only 4 had adhesions at day 21, and 2 at day 28. Adhesions did not occur in SCMC‐treated sheep. No adhesions occurred elsewhere in the abdomen.Conclusions—Laparoscopically created uterine trauma is an effective method for induction of uterine adhesions, and laparoscopy is an excellent method for serial evaluation of adhesion formation. SCMC (1%) was effective at preventing adhesion formation in sheep and no inflammatory response was noted.Clinical Relevance—SCMC (1%) should be considered for prevention of adhesions in abdominal surgery in sheep.
Increased Sacral Screw Purchase Minimizes Screw Loosening in Canine Triple Pelvic Osteotomy
Authors: Whelan Megan F. , McCarthy Robert J. , Boudrieau Randy J. , Kraus Karl H. 
Published: January 2005

Objective—To determine if screw loosening in triple pelvic osteotomies (TPO) is minimized when screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy had maximal sacral purchase.Study Design—Prospective study.Animals—Forty‐six dogs with decreased acetabular coverage of the femoral head and minimal degenerative joint changes.Methods—TPOs were performed where screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy were inserted to maximally engage sacral bone. Data collected were: use of ilial and ischial cerclage wire, screw length, ventrodorsal radiographic sacral width (most caudal aspect), pelvic canal diameter, and sacral penetration of the 3 cranial screws. On all subsequent radiographs, changes in screw position, pelvic canal diameter, and sacral purchase were noted.Results—For 69 TPOs, 414 screws were used. Mean radiographic cranial screw length was 34.54 mm. Combined sacral depth of all 3 screws was 93.3% of sacral width. All osteotomies healed uneventfully. Twenty‐four screws (6%) loosened with 12 being in the most cranial positions. Use of ischial or ilial cerclage wires did not statistically influence screw loosening. Pelvic diameter decreased by a mean of 7.79% from postoperative radiographs to the last radiographic recheck.Conclusions—By sufficiently engaging the sacrum with screws cranial to the ilial osteotomy, implant failures can be avoided and screw loosening minimized when a 6‐hole TPO plate is used.Clinical Relevance——To minimize screw‐loosening in TPO, screws inserted cranial to the ilial osteotomy should be inserted to maximum sacral depth without penetrating the vertebral canal.
Use of a Semitendinosus Myocutaneous Flap for Soft‐Tissue Reconstruction of a Grade IIIB Open Tibial Fracture in a Dog
Authors: Puerto David A. , Aronson Lillian R. 
Published: January 2005

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical use of a semitendinosus myocutaneous flap for soft‐tissue reconstruction of a grade IIIB open tibial fracture.Study DesignCase report.AnimalsA 5‐year‐old castrated male Labrador retriever with a grade IIIB open tibial fracture.MethodsA myocutaneous flap was created by elevating the origin of the semitendinosus muscle and the associated overlying skin. The flap was rotated distally based on the distal vascular pedicle into a soft‐tissue defect overlying the central and distal third of the tibia.ResultsThe flap allowed one‐stage reconstruction of a severe soft‐tissue defect overlying denuded bone in a grade IIIB open tibial fracture. The muscular portion of the flap survived; however, there was necrosis of 3 cm of skin extending distally beyond the muscular portion of the flap.ConclusionDistal rotation of the semitendinosus muscle and overlying skin can be used in the treatment of severe soft‐tissue defects of the canine crus.Clinical RelevanceComplex soft‐tissue injuries to the canine crus can be treated with a myocutaneous flap as a reasonable alternative to other reconstructive techniques.
Autologous Osteochondral Grafting (Mosaic Arthroplasty) for Treatment of Subchondral Cystic Lesions in the Equine Stifle and Fetlock Joints
Authors: Bodo Gabor , Hangody Laszlo , Modis Laszlo , Hurtig Mark 
Published: January 2005

ObjectiveTo describe treatment of equine subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) by reconstruction of the articular surface with osteochondral grafts.Study DesignCase series of horses with SBCs unresponsive to conservative therapy.AnimalsEleven horses (1–12 years).MethodsSBCs were identified in 4 locations: medial femoral condyle (5 horses), lateral femoral condyle (1), distal epiphysis of the metacarpus (4), or metatarsus (1). Osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaic arthroplasty) was performed, taking grafts from the abaxial border of the medial femoral trochlea of the unaffected limb. Graft implantation was achieved through a small arthrotomy or by arthroscopy depending on SBC location.ResultsAll horses improved postoperatively; 10 horses had successful outcomes with radiographic evidence of successful graft incorporation and 7 returned to a previous or higher activity level. On follow‐up arthroscopy (5 horses) there was successful reconstitution of a functional gliding surface. One horse had delayed incorporation of a graft because of a technical error but became sound. One horse had recurrence after 4 years of work and soundness. One stallion was used for breeding and light riding because of medial meniscal injuries on the same limb.ConclusionsImplantation of osteochondral grafts should be considered for SBC when conservative management has not improved lameness and there is a risk of further joint injury and degeneration.Clinical RelevanceMosaic arthroplasty should be considered for treatment of subchondral bone cysts of the femoral condyle and distal articular surface of the metacarpus/tarsus in horses that are refractory to non‐surgical management.