bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing Performance and Soft-Tissue Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery and Local Anesthesia in Children with Unilateral Craniofacial Malformation
Authors: Leone Andrea Caruso , Castilho Arthur Menino , Danieli Fabiana , Calil Daniela Bortoloti , Almeida Katia de 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Introduction Minimally invasive Ponto surgery (MIPS) enables the installation of percutaneous bone-anchored hearing implants (BAHIs) with a drill guide through a hole punch incision. Despite being well established for adults, there is a lack of studies in the literature regarding its use in pediatric patients.
Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the hearing performance and soft-tissue outcomes of the use of MIPS under local anesthesia in children with unilateral craniofacial malformation (UCM).
Methods The study used a retrospective cohort design. Nine subjects with UCM, aged between 6.5 and 17.1 (median = 12) years, who underwent the MIPS procedure under local anesthesia were included. Surgical procedure, intra, and postoperative complications were investigated. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet (SRTQ) and in noise (SRTN), daily use, satisfaction, and perceptual listening effort of the subjects were assessed after 4 months of postoperative follow-up.
Results It was possible to perform MIPS under local anesthesia in 8 of 9 subjects, with no intraoperative complications. One subject (11.11%) showed adverse skin reactions during a mean follow-up period of 11.4 months with MIPS. Speech recognition thresholds in quiet, SRTN, and subjective listening effort scores significantly decreased with the use of BAHI. The subjects were overall satisfied with the device and using it 8.2 hours/day, on average.
Conclusion Under local anesthesia, MIPS showed to be a viable option for BAHI installation in children with UCM. The hearing performance of the subjects improved, and they were globally satisfied with the device. Soft-tissue complications were minimal, and our results are comparable to those reported in the literature for adults.
Accuracy and Reliability of Intraoral Scanners for Tooth Shade Determination in Comparisons with Intraoral Spectrophotometer: In Vitro Study
Authors: Chumsena Nigool , Peampring Chaimongkon , Suttiglud Tanowit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the accuracy and repeatability of shade determination using an intraoral spectrophotometer (SP) and two intraoral scanners, hypothesizing no significant differences in performance.
Materials and Methods A computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing-designed right upper central incisor was manufactured in multiple shades using feldspathic ceramic. Shade determination was performed using the CEREC Primescan (CP), Trios V scanners, and an intraoral SP, with multiple scans taken for each.
Statistical Analysis Measurement accuracy was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni's correction. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's α, with a significance level set at 0.05 for all tests.
Results The SP achieved 84% accuracy, while the CP and 3Shape Trios V (T5) recorded 66 and 71%, respectively. None of the instruments reached 100% accuracy, with the SP displaying an accuracy range of 80 to 90%, and both scanners achieving between 60 and 80%. Statistically significant differences indicated that the SP outperformed the scanners (p < 0.05). False shade readings showed shades 3M2 and 4M2 as having the highest erroneous results. Reliability scores ranged from 92% for the scanners to 94% for the SP, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.839, indicating high reliability.
Conclusion Intraoral SP displayed superior accuracy over the intraoral scanners, while their reliability in shade assessment was comparable. Thus, dental SPs are preferred for precise shade matching, suggesting potential reliability issues with intraoral scanners for consistent dental shade assessment.
Laser-Sintered versus Conventional Cobalt-Chromium Bars in Implant-Supported Complete Mandibular Overdentures: An In Vitro Strain Analysis Comparative Study
Authors: Sidky Mohamed M. , Elsayed Mohamed Ezzat , Zaky Sara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effect of laser-sintered and conventional cobalt-chromium bars on strain distribution around implants in mandibular implant-supported overdentures.
Materials and Methods A three-dimensional (3D) epoxy resin model for completely edentulous mandible was used for this study. Two implants were placed in the canine region, and the 3D model was scanned by a laboratory scanner. Twelve cobalt-chromium bars were divided into two groups. Group 1 includes six bars that were designed by software and created using the laser sintering method. Group 2 includes six bars that were made using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to make a wax model, fabricated by a conventional lost wax-casting technique. Each implant was surrounded by four channels in the epoxy resin model, and four strain gauges were cemented. A universal testing machine was used to apply the load, and a strain measuring analysis was performed.
Results Null hypothesis was rejected as there was significant difference in strain distribution around implants between both groups for the microstrains around the implants in bar-retained implant-supported prostheses, in both bilateral and unilateral results.
Conclusion The laser sintering method showed better results in comparison with conventional methods in fabrication of bar-retained implant-supported prostheses due to less trauma to the implant and supporting structures.
Electromagnetism and thermostability of Cr7C3 synthesised with high-temperature and high-pressure quenching method
Authors: Yu Zekun , Zhou Chao , Bao Kuo , Wang Zhaoqing , Zhu Pinwen , Tao Qiang , Cui Tian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The interactions between the carbon skeleton and metal atoms in binary transition metal carbides are of particular interest for industrial applications involving advanced physics and chemistry, especially in magnetoelectric functional materials and cemented carbides. Cr and carbon BTMCs are a series of intermetallic compounds with specific chemical formulas that share certain unique characteristics. In this study, we used polycrystalline powders of chromium and carbon as precursors and synthesised single-phase bulk Cr7C3 (orthorhombic, space group: Pnma) with high density and good crystallinity using a high-temperature and high-pressure quenching method (HTHPQM). We studied the material properties and electronic structures of Cr7C3 with both experimental measurements and density functional theory ab intio simulations and found that Cr7C3 is a conductor with an electrical conductivity (2.32 × 10−3 Ω m), relatively high compaction (97.2%), excellent thermostability (oxidation at 1175 K), and a magnetic phase transition from paramagnetism to soft ferromagnetism around 50 K, and the electromagnetic properties are chiefly due to the abundance of the 3d electrons of Cr, and the orbital hybridisation between C and Cr with their 2p and 3d electrons is the reason for the crystal structure and high thermostability. Therefore, the synthesised Cr7C3 is a multifunctional material with promising application prospects, and HPHTQM is a simple and effective method for preparing samples.
Fast recurrent field transforms for optical flow on edge GPUs
Authors: Shi Ke , Miao Yinxiao , Li Xiongwei , Li Wenrui , Nie Suzhen , Wang Xiaoge , Li Dongxing , Sheng Yunlong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Optical flow reflects motion information in videos, serving as a crucial visual cue. However, high computational demands make dense optical flow estimation challenging to deploy on mobile platforms. We address this by introducing EdgeFlow, an optical flow network designed explicitly for edge GPU. To enable efficient feature extraction, we propose a novel low memory access cost net. Furthermore, we design a convolutional gated core for optical flow update, capable of obtaining high-quality features at low computational cost. During training and inference, we decouple the upsampling procedure. Inference speed is increased by only upsampling the final update outputs, reducing unnecessary computations. Our model demonstrates significant efficiency, utilizing only 52% of the parameters required by the baseline model. In generalization tests conducted on the Sintel dataset, EdgeFlow outperforms the baseline by achieving an 13% reduction in error rate. Additionally, the processing speed of EdgeFlow deployed on the Jetson Xavier NX platform is 7.5 times faster than the baseline. Finally, after using TensorRT to accelerate the model (with three recurrent updates), the inference speed is 98.67 FPS at 640 × 480 resolution. Source code is available at https://github.com/sklibra/EdgeFlow/tree/master.
Macroscopic parameterization of positive streamer heads in air
Authors: Bouwman Dennis , Teunissen Jannis , Ebert Ute 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The growth of streamer discharges is determined at their heads, for individual streamers as well as in collective phenomena, such as streamer trees or coronas or streamer bursts ahead of lightning leaders. Some properties of the streamer heads, such as velocity v and radius R now can be measured quite well, but this is very challenging for others such as the maximal electric field, the charge content of the streamer head and the degree of chemical excitation and ionization in the streamer channel. Here we develop, test and evaluate a macroscopic approximation for positive streamer heads in air that relates macroscopic streamer head properties to each other. In particular, we find that velocity v, radius R and background field

E

bg

determine the complete profile of streamer heads with photoionization, if they propagate steadily. We also review Naidis’ approximate relation between v, R and the maximal field

E

max

. The approximate head model developed in the present paper consists of three first-order ordinary differential equations along the streamer axis. It is derived from the classical fluid model for streamer discharges by assuming axisymmetry, steady streamer propagation (i.e. with constant velocity and shape), and a spherical shape of the charge layer around the streamer head. The new reduced model agrees well with full solutions of the classical fluid model, even when it is applied to accelerating streamers. Therefore the model can be used for evaluations of experiments, like for the determination of the maximal electric field from radius and velocity of the streamer. It is also a step towards constructing reduced models for the collective dynamics of multi-streamer discharges.
HPC modelling for nuclear safety assessment
Authors: Cancemi S A , Lo Frano R , Angelucci M , Pucciarelli A , Subba F , Wu H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
High Performance Computing (HPC) has taken on an increasingly important role in recent years since it enables to model efficiently the complex behaviour of Systems, Components, and Structures (SSCs) and their interactions, and to perform simulations of the operational scenarios faster. Particularly in the nuclear field, HPC is currently used and expected to be utilized in nearly all areas, such as design optimization, safe and long-term safe operation, integrity evaluation, etc. The latter, as an example, requires an exhaustive SSCs assessment, which in turn requires higherfidelity models, both in terms of resolution and physics, increased knowledge of the physics of the phenomena or mechanisms affecting them, parametric studies, and better estimation of margins by reducing uncertainties and optimising operations.
In this paper some case studies are presented and described.
The first case consists in the modelling of creep behaviour of a fuel element. Finite Element Modelling (FEM) on hardware designed for parallel computation allows to simulate increasingly complex physical systems and reduce the computation time of the performed transient non-linear analyses. Results point out on the reliable prediction of creep behaviour obtained with a surrogate model. Understanding the thermo-mechanical properties of structural and nuclear materials and their changes provided essential for the plant safe operation as well as the Uncertainty Quantification (UQ).
The second case deals with a thermal-hydraulics application in support of Generation IV (GEN IV) Liquid Metal Fast Reactors (LMFRs). Results from RANS calculations will be compared with experimental data for a selected steady-state condition occurring in a rod-bundle geometry. UQ analyses are especially performed using deterministic sampling techniques to assess how much the results are affected by uncertainties in the input parameters.
Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Risk Level in the Implementation of the Solo Balapan – Kadipiro Elevated Railway Construction Project (Stage 2)
Authors: Magfirona Alfia , Rachmawati Ghina Zamila , Rizana Rama 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The elevated double-track railway construction project in Surakarta is a high-profile infrastructure initiative with significant risks related to occupational safety and health (HSE). Given the complexity of the project, strict adherence to HSE standards is essential to mitigate potential hazards. Construction projects, particularly large-scale ones like this, inherently involve various risks, and the identification, analysis, and control of these risks are critical to ensure worker safety. This research aims to identify risk variables, evaluate severity index values, determine risk levels, and explore risk control measures throughout the development process. It utilizes Job Safety Analysis (JSA) as an innovative and detailed method to pinpoint occupational health and safety risks, providing a more targeted approach to risk assessment. Data collection was conducted in the Railway Division of PT Adhi Karya, utilizing primary data through questionnaires distributed to 34 respondents involved in the construction project, and secondary data consisting of risk variables processed by the contractor’s HSE team. Job Safety Analysis revealed that the most significant risks during the erection of Pre-stressed Concrete I (PCI) Girders include being crushed by materials and work equipment, as well as heavy equipment being struck by trains. These risks, with a severity index calculation of 10, are classified as extreme. Risk control measures were subsequently implemented, leading to solutions such as mandatory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for all workers, full-body harnesses for workers at heights, and the installation of security fences within the railway track work area. The novelty of this study lies in its application of a comprehensive risk assessment methodology tailored specifically to the unique challenges of elevated railway construction, which contributes to improving safety standards in similar high-risk construction projects.
Investigating the Impact of Hybrid Asphalt Mixtures on the Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hin M S Wan Noor , Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the mechanical performance of hybrid asphalt mixtures incorporating palm oil fuel ash (POFA), garnet waste, and sawdust as sustainable materials for asphalt modification. The aim is to assess the impact of these materials on key mechanical properties, including creep modulus and indirect tensile strength (ITS). A series of asphalt mixtures with varying hybrid content (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%) by weight of conventional asphalt of 60/70 PEN grade were prepared using wet blending process and evaluated. Among the mixtures tested, the 6% hybrid asphalt mixture exhibited optimal mechanical performance, with a creep modulus of 32.7 MPa and an indirect tensile strength of 1492 kPa. Statistical analysis through one-way ANOVA confirmed a significant effect of hybrid content on creep stiffness modulus (F = 121.44, p < 0.001), underscoring the critical role of hybrid content in enhancing the stiffness of asphalt mixtures. These results indicate that the inclusion of POFA, garnet waste, and sawdust at 6% significantly enhances the stiffness and tensile resistance of the asphalt, making it a viable option for improving the durability and sustainability of pavements. The findings underscore the potential of hybrid materials in advancing the development of eco-friendly asphalt mixtures with superior mechanical properties.
Scalable and accurate simulation of electrolyte solutions with quantum chemical accuracy
Authors: Zhang Junji , Pagotto Joshua , Gould Tim , Duignan Timothy T 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electrolyte solutions play critical role in a vast range of important applications, yet an accurate and scalable method of predicting their properties without fitting to experiment has remained out of reach, despite over a century of effort. Here, we combine state-of-the-art density functional theory and equivariant neural network potentials to demonstrate this capability, reproducing key structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties. We show that neural network potentials can be recursively trained on a subset of their own output to enable coarse-grained/continuum-solvent molecular simulations that can access much longer timescales than possible with all atom simulations. We observe the surprising formation of Li cation dimers along with identical anion-anion pairing of chloride and bromide anions. Finally, we simulate the crystal phase and infinite dilution pairing free energies despite being trained only on moderate concentration solutions. This approach should be scaled to build a greatly expanded database of electrolyte solution properties than currently exists.
'Gifted Children' in Britain and the World
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The idea that a child is intellectually ‘gifted’ has a social and cultural history. This book analyses that social history at multiple scales, and makes the ‘voices’ of the gifted young themselves central. In daily encounters, those labelled ‘gifted’ sometimes loved this label, and felt special in comparison to peers at school and siblings at home. For others, ‘gifted’ was a silly or embarrassing label, and many questioned the idea of separating off young people in terms of intelligence, as well as specific forms of testing. Ideas of the gifted child also reshaped family lives—parents dedicated time to providing special leisure spaces, running them in their own homes and taking their children significant distances to spend time with others. Voluntary organisations were critical here, as the network through which young people and adults encountered the term, ‘gifted’, and lived and created it relationally. Voluntary organisations, looking to gain attention and visibility, also critically shaped the idea that the gifted young were elites of ‘the future’, central to answering challenges of economic decline, global warfare, or humanitarian aid. The hopes placed on gifted children between the 1960s and the 1990s were often sky high—yet many gifted young still felt that the community ‘wasted’ their talents, and did not support them. This book, then, provides new perspectives on the tensions between elitism and equality in modern Britain. It also offers vivid stories of optimism, hope, disappointment, and criticism, in which young people themselves play a central role.
Introduction
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
‘Gifted Children’ in Britain and the World demonstrates that modern interest in the so-called ‘gifted child’ emerged in the late 1960s, due to concerted campaigning by voluntary organisations, who framed their work around embedding ‘equality’ in the post-war welfare state. Later, the distinct idea that gifted children would be ‘elites of the future’ was taken up powerfully in the 1970s and 1980s by the voluntary sector, as well as by clusters of policy-makers, journalists, psychologists, educationalists, and teachers, who posited that gifted children were critical to Britain’s national and international successes. This introduction discusses ever changing definitions of the ‘gifted child’, and starts to explore why they matter: notably because of reshaping broader ideas of ‘elites’, ‘equality’, and for disrupting established chronologies of modern Britain. The introduction also lays out the book’s innovative methodological work in centring children’s voices and ‘experiences’ throughout.
Industrial and Industrious Future Elites, 1990–2010
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter argues that interest in the gifted child entered national policies, for the first time, in the 1990s and 2000s. While previously this interest was primarily confined—with significant effects—to local experiments and voluntary action, it featured in the educational and social policies of both John Major’s Conservative and Tony Blair’s New Labour governments. Throughout this period, interest in identifying elites of the future was signified by policies around streaming, specialisation, parent ‘choice’, testing, and standards. At the same time, the language of ‘aspiration’, a form of equality putting the responsibility onto individuals, became very powerful. In this this discourse, all young people were positioned as equally able to ‘aspire’ to being elites of the future, to recognise a broad variety of ‘gifts’, and achieve their potential in the job market. The frameworks of equality and elitism were increasingly measured, ranked, and compared in this decade through policy interest in the gifted child as an elite of the future. The chapter outlines these developments, and also reads ‘against the grain’ of the publications of contemporary giftedness programmes—such as the National Academy for Gifted and Talented Youth—to understand young people’s perspectives on visions of the future.
Gifted Children Saving ‘Europe’ and ‘the World’, 1975–2000
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter studies how two transnational voluntary organisations—the World Council for Gifted Children (founded in 1975) and the European Council for High Ability (founded in 1988)—constructed gifted young people, ‘Europe’, and ‘the world’ in the late twentieth century. The chapter demonstrates that both of these organisations had high hopes that such young people, because of their special talents, could forge special global connections across borders, and that these connections could be used for a variety of contemporary aims: to prevent warfare, promote cultural ties across Europe, and fuel international development. At the same time, the chapter also demonstrates that lofty rhetoric from these groups, calling for these children to shape ‘a better world and our common future’, did not always shape broader practical work with the young themselves. This case study can significantly develop our understandings of ‘cultural internationalism’, and also shows the distinctive nature of framings of ‘elitism’ and ‘equality’ in British debates, studied throughout the rest of this book.
Conclusion
Authors: Crane Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Privilege is ingrained in the earliest years. It is lived out in the choices that parents and carers make about their children’s very first play dates, their weekend and evening activities, and the curation of their relationships and networks. Such privilege continues to shape children’s economic lives and fortunes as they age into employees (or not) and later to wealthy or bankrupt elders. Politicians speaking over the timespan of this book—the mid-to-late twentieth century—have sought to proclaim that we now live in a ‘meritocracy’ or ‘equal society’, and have reformed education and welfare systems in pursuit of this goal. Yet such shifts have failed to overcome the cultural, social, and economic inequalities borne from the earliest days of childhood. Interventions have been too broad, too narrow, or too late. This chapter reflects on the book’s research, and its significance for understanding elitism, equality, and voluntary organisations in modern Britain.