bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race or Chase of “The Bears” At Brauron?
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Our final study of girls’ historical paideia moves to the region of Attica and a festival of Artemis Arkteia much studied in recent years. Since the 1960s, Lilly Kah ii has published a series of important articles on the unique vases, mainly from Brauron, associated with the worship of Artemis in Attica. These documents have stimulated a number of reinterpretations of the local festivals of Artemis, particularly the Brauronia and Munichla, There seems to be scholarly consensus that theactivities of the young girls shown on the vases are some form of prenuptial Initiation, and that the foundation myths of the Brauronla and Munichla support such a ritual representation by stressing the elements of tameness and wildness which would suit such ceremonies.
Eros and Greek Athletics
Authors: Scanlon Thomas F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until recently, conventional wisdom told us that sports and sex were disassociated, if not antithetical activities: but cultural experience says otherwise, Once I saw Mariel Hemingway in the men’s locker room of the gymnasium at UCLA and was reminded of the Greek vase painting of Peleus gazing at Atalanta in a gymnasium. But our modern athletic heroine was surrounded by a movie crew as, some years ago, they were filming Personal Best (1982). A high point of the film was a passionate, lesbian love scene between Hemingway and another athlete after a bout of arm wrestling. About the same time, North Dallas Forty exposed, among other things, the sexual appetite of football players. The contemporary association of sports and sex is also reflected in the multi-million dollar endorsement contracts by attractive sports idols such as Dennis Rodman, Michael Jordan, Mia Hamm, and Picabo Street.
The Tenuous Self: Wu-wei in the Zhuangzi
Authors: Slingerland Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Zhuangzian ideal of wu-wei resembles in certain respects that of Mencius, in that it represents a state in which one’s actions are perfectly harmonized with one’s “natural,” spontaneous inclinations. But whereas Mencius understands the “natural” in terms of human hierarchies and inherited cultural forms, Zhuangzian naturalness requires a transcendence of the human-particularly of the categories and valuations associated with that faculty so treasured by Mencius, the human heart/mind (xin ,C,,). Like Laozi, Zhuangzi uses wu-wei in a polemical fashion: as a tool to uncover the hidden tensions and difficulties in the thought of his predecessors. While Confucius and Mencius remain fairly silent on the subject of the paradox of wu-wei, Zhuangzi seems to take delight in it.
How Africans Became Integral to New World History
Authors: Davis David Brion 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the past, many historians, including Marxists, accepted a model of “economic determinism” when discussing the origins of New World slavery and the restriction of enslavement to Native Americans and then almost exclusively to sub-Saharan Africans and their descendants. Presenting racial slavery as an economically backward but inevitable and temporary stage in historical development, given the shortage of labor and the almost limitless expanses of land in the Americas, they tended to ignore or underestimate cultural and ideological factors, especially religion.
Abolitionism in America
Authors: Davis David Brion 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In The Early Nineteenth Century, especially after the War of 1812–15, a “market revolution” and “transportation revolution” increasingly transformed American society. Improved roads and especially canals opened up markets and profits that were beyond the previous dreams of many enterprising farmers, skilled artisans, and manufacturers. But the rapid economic growth and urbanization of the 1820s devastated many other Americans who could no longer hold their own against more efficient and productive competitors. The owners of small, rock-strewn New England farms, for example, found it difficult to compete with Midwesterners who had the advantage of rich, loamy soil as well as the new Erie Canal that linked the Great Lakes to the Hudson River. In the eyes of many religious leaders, faced with geographic mobility and the breakup of traditional communities, it appeared that the United States had become increasingly dominated by materialism and greed.
Epistemic Luck in Light of the Virtues
Authors: Axtell Guy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In its broadest context, as part of contemporary virtue theory, virtue epistemology can be understood as one side of an integrated account of the human being as both a knower and a valuer. What attracts me to it, personally, is my sense of the fragmented state of reason in contemporary western culture, a condition that is to some extent an inheritance of modern philosophy. Virtue theory promises a response to what Dewey, quoted above from The Reconstruction of Philosophy, presents as a central problem of modern life and even as the theoretical chasm for philosophy to bridge: the chasm between our beliefs about the world and our beliefs about the virtues, rules, and purposes that should direct our actions, both individually and collectively. I use these metaphors of bridge and chasm in connection with Dewey’s passage, because this is an essay about bridges: bridges, firstly, between epistemology and ethics; and secondly, between virtue epistemologists themselves since they, like others, invariably bring with them to the discussion of knowledge their own divergent interests in explanation.
From Lore to Learning: Corning Finds Its “Formula” for Scientific Glassmaking
Authors: Graham Margaret B W , Shuldiner Alec T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Corning glass works first embraced a strategy based explicitly on superior knowledge in 1910. In that year Alanson B. Houghton succeeded his father, Amory Houghton Jr., as president of the company. The son took over a mature enterprise that was facing major shifts in its production practices and new competitive terrain. The “trust system” of combination and cooperation between related companies--the means that large businesses in the United States and Europe had adopted for controlling what they saw as ruinous competition over the course of the nineteenth century-was under attack in U.S. courts. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 had ruled out as illegal “contracts, combinations and conspiracies” in restraint of trade. Corning had benefited from General Electric’s stable pricing arrangements. But a new way of negotiating the chaos of the markets had to be found.
Additional Weapons in the Polemical Arsenal: Forgeries and Falsifications
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the distinctive features of early Christianity, in all its guises, was its literary character. Literature served to provide sacred authority for Christian belief and practice, to defend the religion against its cultured despisers, to unite local communities of believers into a worldwide church, to encourage the faithful in their time of suffering, to instruct them how to live, to entertain them with accounts of heroes of the faith, and to warn them against enemies within, promoting some forms of the faith and denouncing others. With the partial exception of Judaism, no other religion of the Roman Empire was so rooted in literary texts.
Winners, Losers, and the Question of Tolerance
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The historical significance of the victory of proto-orthodox Christianity can scarcely be overstated. The form of Christianity that emerged from the conflicts of the second and third centuries was destined to became the religion of the Roman Empire. From there it developed into the dominant religious, political, economic, social, and cultural institution of the West for centuries—down to the present. Christians living in the midst of these conflicts could not have imagined how important their outcome would be for the shape of western civilization. The repercussions are still felt today, in ways that even we may have difficulty understanding.
Mobilization on the South African Gold Mines
Authors: Moodie T Dunbar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In August 1982, Cyril Ramaphosa announced the formation of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) in South Africa. South African mining is an industry composed largely of migrant workers, barracked in large concentrated compounds. Black miners typically live at mines located far from large cities, insulated from workers in secondary industry, moving from bed to heavy work to mass feeding to bed in a cycle that John Rex (1973) once called the most effective form of labor control ever invented. Conventional wisdom in South Africa was that such workers were “unorganizable.” In 1987, however, only five years after the launching of the NUM, more than 300,000 black South African mine workers embarked on a legal wage strike. It was the largest black strike ever in South Africa. Black miners stayed out for three weeks before being forced back by mass dismissals. Even the failure of the strike could not conceal the colossal organizational achievement of the NUM, which has become the largest of what Eddie Webster (1988) called “social movement unions” in South Africa.
When I began to study the rise of the NUM, I turned eagerly to social movement theory, hoping for a perspective to guide my understanding of actors and events. Although certain monographs were helpful, social movement theory itself was a disappointment. I turned to other, more dialectical, theoretical traditions. In this chapter, I shall use social movement theory to analyze the making of the NUM while challenging and modifying basic assumptions that haunt (and, I believe, hamper) sociological efforts to understand social movements. Three general questions set the focus here. First, what should social movement theory (or any other social theory for that matter) do? Second, what does social movement theory actually do? Third, what is it possible for social movement theory to do?
Ancient and Modern Narratives
Authors: Larson Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The identification of continuities between ancient Greek and modern Greek culture is now controversial. In an influential article, Loring Danforth exposed some of the methodological pitfalls of this practice, which has long dominated modern Greek folklore studies. These include a failure to consider “survivals” as part of an integrated contemporary culture and failure to demonstrate continuity with evidence from the late antique, Byzantine, and Turkish occupation periods. The ideological underpinnings of the search for continuities have also been closely examined.
Caves of the Nymphs and Votive Iconography
Authors: Larson Jennifer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The distinctive landscape of Greece and the Aegean is characterized by abundant limestone and marble, types of stone that easily dissolve in and crystallize from water. When the concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water is high, an acid is produced, which enlarges fissures to form caves. When the concentration of carbon dioxide drops, calcite is crystallized from the water, which produces cave formations such as stalactites and stalagmites. This landscape, which geologists call karst, is full of caves and sinkholes.
“We Don’t See Color Here”: A Case Study in Ecclesial-Cultural Invention
Authors: Fulkerson Mary McClintock 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A white member of an interracial church describes what is unique about his congregation, Good Samaritan United Methodist Church, with the claim, “We don’t see color here.” At its high point, Good Samaritan was remarkably diverse, with one-third of its membership African American, one-third African and Latino, and one-third AngloAmerican. However, “we don’t see color” is a rather ambiguous phrase, regardless of what Ray, the speaker, had in mind. While it may indicate that the kingdom has come at Good Samaritan, this expression has historically functioned to avert issues of racism and power. The claim to color blindness appears accepting of the other, but may actually be a “strategy of condescension.” Such condescension is otherwise known as tolerance, a problematic form of inclusion for the reason that the one who is tolerant has the power to position the other in his or her sphere of influence within specific limits that he or she sets for the other. In Good Samaritan’s case, Ray can fill the position of the tolerant and powerful because he has never had to see color for his own survival.
Helen and Hermes’ Conceit
Authors: Curkpatrick Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Busy? Can I talk to you?” “Yes, come in Helen. Good to see you. It’s been a while since we’ve had a chat.” “You haven’t got a sermon to prepare?” “No, not at all. That can wait till Saturday. How’s the doctoral thesis going?” ‘‘.Actually, that’s what I want to talk to you about.” “Me? What can I tell you about ‘heretics’ ... what’s your thesis called again?” “Marginalized movements in the history of Australian Churches.” “That’s right. Well, how’s it going?” “Do you remember your denominational history?” “Just. Not my best subject, I’m afraid.” ‘‘.Ah, yes, but that’s because history is seldom taught well.” “So how do you think it should be taught?”
Working with Greek Mythology: A Journey through Images
Authors: Fahey Diane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
My interest in Greek mythology began in the early 1980s and led to my writing two collections of poetry based on Greek mythology: Metamorphoses (1988), which centers on female figures in Greek myth, and Listening to a Far Sea (1998), which is mainly about male figures. At the time I began, I was aware of the way myths could offer insight into some of the abiding patterns and themes in human experience-developmental issues, the quest for freedom and self-realization, finding a place and way of being in the world, the facing of death and suffering-and I soon became acquainted with the work of writers such as Christine Downing (1996) and Ginette Paris (1990) who were using myth as a tool of personal differentiation and cultural exploration with a specifically feminist focus.
Cassius Dio’s History of Rome: From Republic to Principate
Authors: Reinhold Meyer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In A Buoyant Aside as He Approached the End of His Labors, Cassius Die expressed the hope that in his work he was leaving a legacy for the future, and that his History, the magnum opus to which he had devoted twenty two years of his life, would ‘survive and never lose its lustre’ (72.23.4). No one will deny that Die stands in the shade of his illustrious predecessors-Herodotus, Thucydides, Polybius, Livy, Tacitus-but for many periods and aspects of the history of Rome he remains an indispensable resource, a veritable quarry for historians.
Dependent Arising and the Emptiness of Emptiness: Why Did Nagarjuna Start with Causation?
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nagarjuna, who lived in south india in approximately the first century C.E., is undoubtedly the most important, influential, and widely studied Mahayana Buddhist philosopher. He is the founder of the Madhyamaka, or Middle Path, schools of Mahayana Buddhism. His considerable corpus includes texts addressed to lay audiences, letters of advice to kings, and the set of penetrating metaphysical and epistemological treatises that represent the foundation of the highly skeptical and dialectical analytic philosophical school known as Madhyamaka.
Sounds of Silence: Ineffability and the Limits of Language in Madhyamaka and Yogacara
Authors: Garfield Jay L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Vimalakirtinirdesa-sutra offers us two dramatic and contrasting moments of silence. The first of these, the silence of Sariputra, sets the problem for this chapter: when, and how, can silence be articulate? About what can silence inform? And what can it tell us? We will see that the two principal Mahayana schools or at least prominent protagonists of each-disagree dramatically with regard to the answers they provide to this set of questions, and that this divergence reflects and illuminates their differences with regard to the status of emptiness and the nature of our knowledge thereof.
Introduction
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts are the most violent events since the birth of the universe. They are perhaps ten times as energetic as the most energetic supernovas, the explosions that destroy massive stars and make neutron stars and black holes. More remarkable, the energy in a gamma-ray burst is concentrated into a small amount of mass moving at 99.999% of the speed of light. It has even been suggested that the most energetic cosmic rays—single elementary particles, each with enough energy to lift a 150-pound man an inch off the floor—are produced in gamma-ray bursts.
The Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1519 the Portuguese sea captain Fernão de Magalhães, whom we call Ferdinand Magellan, commanding a fleet of five small ships, sailed under the flag of Spain to circumnavigate the globe. His purpose was to expand the Spanish empire. A papal bull of 1493 had divided the New World according to a line of longitude running through eastern South America; everything east of this line would be Portuguese and everything west would be Spanish. We see the results of this bull even today; the eastern most part of South America is Brazil, whose language is Portuguese, while the rest of Latin America speaks Spanish.
Soft Gamma Repeaters
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1986 marked the high point of the view of gamma-ray bursts as a comparatively nearby phenomenon, probably occurring on magnetic neutron stars in our galaxy. Five separate lines of evidence and argument pointed in that direction: the complexity of their light curves, the compactness argument against excessively high luminosities, the identification of the super burst of March 5, 1979, with a supernova remnant in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the reports of lines in the gamma-ray spectra of bursts, and the apparent counterparts of bursts on archival sky photographs.
Batse
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1970s NASA began planning a series of four “Great Observatories.” These large orbiting telescopes were meant to move astronomy from the era of observing on the ground, hampered by Earth’s atmosphere, to a new age in space. The glories of the universe revealed by space astronomy would keep NASA in the public eye, and its budget in the good graces of Congress.
It came half true. The most famous Great Observatory, the Hubble Space Telescope, was finally launched in 1990, several years late. An error in its optics initially made it nearly useless. However, this error was fixed by the insertion of a correcting mirror, and the Hubble Space Telescope has fulfilled most of the dreams of NASA’s publicists, and even of astronomers.
The Theorists’ Turn
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like a cigarette smoker or alcoholic who repeatedly p9stpones the promised day on which he will kick his habit, most astrophysicists had long avoided the problem of explaining how gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances could work. The only serious attempts, those of Goodman and Paczynski in 1986 (Chapter 10), had predicted properties—a submilli second pulse of gamma rays narrowly concentrated in a black-body spectrum at a few MeV energy—very unlike the actual properties observed (Figures 1-2, 10-4). The BATSE results, like an ominous warning from the doctor, forced the theorists to con front reality.
A Supernova Connection?
Authors: Katz Jonathan I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the spring of 1998 most of the pieces of the gamma-ray-burst puzzle seemed to be in place: Bursts are produced when dense matter, a neutronic doughnut, is accreted by a black hole. This doughnut makes a series of pair fireballs that accelerate thin shells (or portions of shells) of matter to high energy, with speeds closely approaching the speed of light. This matter is probably directed into jets, but only roughly, like water from a fire hose rather than light from a laser. The gamma rays themselves are made when these shells collide with each other, the faster overtaking the slower, or with surrounding gas.
Religious, Political, and Economic Passions
Authors: Ogilvy James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back in the fabled sixties, many of us felt that politics were important. Social justice ranked high on our list of priorities, and political institutions seemed to be the right targets for our efforts. The bright kids in school did n’t go into business. They chose teaching or the professions or God knows what. Anything but business!
Now the best and the brightest are getting MBAs, and many of us who spurned business have found our way into the corporate world.
The Limits of The Marketplace
Authors: Ogilvy James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last chapter made a case for describing the turn of the millennium in terms of a transition from a political to an economic era. It was filled with broad historical descriptions and their interpretation based on certain facts about changing technologies. But what about values? Is the shift to the economic era a good thing?
This is the wrong way to frame the question. The shift to the economic era is inevitable for the reasons I’ve mentioned. The proper question to ask is, What is the right way to live one’s life in light of the fact that we are shifting from a political to an economic era? And this question brings us to the issue of better futures and normative scenarios.
The Features of The Relational Worldview
Authors: Ogilvy James A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Having hurtled through several of the human sciences in sequence, and having lain down their linear movements on the loom of the last several chapters, I would like to cross this warp with the woof of a few cross disciplinary comparisons. This weaving maneuver will identify five features of a relational worldview by following their woof across the warp of the disciplines already visited. Second, I want to introduce two further features of the relational worldview woof-wise by simply stating what those features are, then serving up instances and examples from various disciplines.
K
Authors: Castro Rafaela G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From the word kermis, which meant an “outdoor fair or festival” in the Low Countries, usually an event organized to raise money for charitable purposes. In the sixteenth century the word was spelled kermiss and referred to the dedication of a church. Pronounced by Spanish speakers as kermes, and sometimes found in literature as quermes, these outdoor fundraisers were often held in association with school and church activities. References to kermeses can be found in the social histories of Chicano communities throughout the Southwest. After Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, the Spanish missionaries lefr and were replaced by other religious friars. It is possible that this expression was introduced by the many European, and particularly Irish, priests that could be found throughout many Chicano communities. Another expression used by Chicanos to designate this same type of event is jamaica, also a type of bazaar organized to raise money for the building of churches in Mexican communities. The Diccionario de Mejicanismos states that the word kermes was most often used by gente de post(n (people who put on airs).