bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splenic and nodal marginal zone lymphomas are indolent disorders at high hepatitis C virus seroprevalence with distinct presenting features but similar morphologic and phenotypic profiles
Authors: Arcaini Luca , Paulli Marco , Boveri Emanuela , Vallisa Daniele , Bernuzzi Patrizia , Orlandi Ester , Incardona Paolo , Brusamolino Ercole , Passamonti Francesco , Burcheri Sara , Schena Claudio , Pascutto Cristiana , Cavanna Luigi , Magrini Umberto , Lazzarino Mario 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDSplenic and nodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) are subtypes of marginal zone‐derived neoplasms. Due to their rarity, little is known concerning their relation, pattern of dissemination, and treatment outcome.METHODSThe authors analyzed the clinicopathologic features and outcome of 43 patients (34 patients with splenic MZL and 9 patients with nodal MZL). All lesional tissues obtained at diagnosis were reviewed histologically.RESULTSAmong the patients with splenic MZL, 30 patients had Stage IV disease (based on the Ann Arbor staging system). Twenty‐six patients presented with splenomegaly with or without limited involvement of abdominal lymph nodes, whereas 7 patients showed disease extension to superficial lymph nodes. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology was positive in 35% of patients. Seventeen patients underwent splenectomy, 8 patients received chemotherapy, and 7 patients were followed without initial treatment. Interferon produced a lymphoma response in three of four HCV positive patients. Of 27 treated patients, 13 patients achieved a complete response, and 12 patients achieved a partial response. The median event‐free survival (EFS) was 3.3 years (5.1 years for patients with disease confined to the abdomen and 2.1 years for patients with disease extension to superficial lymph nodes). Among nine patients with nodal MZL, four patients had Stage IV disease. HCV serology was positive in two patients. Five patients responded to chemotherapy. The median EFS was 2.8 years. The median overall survival was not reached for patients with both types of MZL.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrated that splenic and nodal MZL are indolent lymphomas with different presenting features but common morphologic and biologic characteristics, including high HCV seroprevalence. Studies will be required to identify specific biologic markers and to define the best treatment. Cancer 2004;100:107–15. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
The process for continuous improvement of the TNM classification
Authors: Gospodarowicz Mary K. , Miller Daniel , Groome Patti A. , Greene Frederick L. , Logan Pamela A. , Sobin Leslie H. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe TNM classification is a worldwide benchmark for reporting the extent of malignant disease and is a major prognostic factor in predicting the outcome of patients with cancer. The objectives for cancer staging were defined by the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM Committee almost 50 years ago and are still broadly applicable today. To keep pace with the modern demands of evidence‐based practice, the UICC introduced a structured process for introducing changes to the TNM classification. The elements of the TNM process were determined to include the development of unambiguous criteria for the information and documentation required to consider changes in the classification, establishment of a well‐defined process for the annual review of relevant literature, formation of site‐specific expert panels, and the participation of experts from all over the world in the TNM review process. Communication between the oncology community and those involved in the TNM classification was established as being essential to the success of the process. The process, which was introduced in 2002, will be tested over the next 3–4 years and evaluated. In addition to the formal process, individual initiative, involvement by the national staging committees, and group consensus are required. Furthermore, increased involvement by the experts should improve the understanding and dissemination of the TNM classification. Cancer 2004;100:1–5. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) and HNPCC‐like families: Problems in diagnosis, surveillance, and management
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Riley Bronson D. , Weismann Scott , Coronel Stephanie M. , Kinarsky Yulia , Lynch Jane F. , Shaw Trudy G. , Rubinstein Wendy S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) is the most commonly occurring hereditary disorder that predisposes to colorectal carcinoma (CRC), accounting for approximately 2–7% of all CRC cases diagnosed in the U.S each year. Its diagnosis is wholly dependent on a meticulously obtained family history of cancer of all anatomic sites, with particular attention to the pattern of cancer distribution within the family.METHODSThe objective of the current study was to illustrate various vexing problems that can deter the diagnosis of HNPCC and, ultimately, its management. This was an observational cohort study. Sixteen HNPCC and HNPCC‐like families were selected from a large resource of highly extended HNPCC families. High‐risk patients were selected from these HNPCC families. An ascertainment bias was imposed by the lack of a population‐based data set. Personal interviews and questionnaires were used for data collection.RESULTSThere was an array of difficulties highlighted by limitations in compliance, lack of a clinical or molecular basis for an HNPCC diagnosis, ambiguous DNA findings, problems in genetic counseling, failure to meet Amsterdam or Bethesda criteria, small families, lack of medical and pathologic documentation, poor cooperation of family members and/or their physicians, cultural barriers, economic stress, frequent patient fear and anxiety, perception of insurance discrimination, and limited patient and/or physician knowledge regarding hereditary cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe diagnosis and management of HNPCC is predicated on physician knowledge of its phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity, in concert with the multifaceted problems that impact on patient compliance. Cancer 2004;100:53–64. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Long‐term risk of malignant neoplasm associated with gestational glucose intolerance
Authors: Dawson Shelagh I. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes mellitus and cancer risk. However to the author's knowledge, no data regarding the risk of cancer associated with subclinical impaired glucose tolerance have been published to date. An association between various types of cancer and any continuum of risk across the spectrum of glucose tolerance may be important in determining the nature of the association between diabetes mellitus and the risk of malignancy.METHODSThe current study was conducted to examine the long‐term risk of malignant neoplasms associated with maternal glucose intolerance. A 20‐year follow‐up study of a cohort of women who had previously taken part in a study in 1980 that investigated maternal glucose metabolism and fetal outcome was performed. Gestational glucose metabolism, smoking behavior, and weight and height measured at the time of index pregnancy, as well as weight, height, and smoking behavior assessed by questionnaire in 1999, were examined. The main endpoint of the study was hospital admission with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm as ascertained by linkage data.RESULTSThirty‐four of the 753 women living in Grampian (4.5%) were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malignant neoplasm; of these, 18 cases were malignant neoplasms of the breast. After adjustment for known risk factors, both malignant neoplasm and malignant neoplasm of the breast were found to be significantly associated with gestational glucose intolerance.CONCLUSIONSSubclinical glucose intolerance during pregnancy was found to be associated with a dose‐related increase in the risk of malignant neoplasm, particularly malignant neoplasm of the breast. Cancer 2004;100:149–55. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Stability of poly(Acrylic Acid)‐grafted phospholipid liposomes in gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Lee Hyun Sup , Kim Kwangmeyung , Jeong Bong Hyun , Moon Hyun Tae , Byun Youngro 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMajor limitations in the use of liposomes for oral formulation relate to their physical and chemical instability in the GI tract. In this study, the conjugate (PAA‐DSPE) of poly(acrylic acid) and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE) was synthesized, and liposomes were prepared with the mixture of PAA‐DSPE and DSPE to improve the stability of liposomes in the GI tract. The prepared PAA‐DSPE was characterized by FT‐IR and 13C‐NMR to confirm the coupling between PAA and DSPE. In the elemental analysis, the coupling ratio of PAA and DSPE in PAA‐DSPE was calculated as 1:1.73. The average size of a PAA‐DSPE/DSPE liposome, measured by dynamic light scattering, was in the range of 300–500 nm, and the minimum average size was 320 nm at 6 mol% of PAA‐DSPE. The stability of the prepared liposomes was evaluated in different pH (2, 5, 7.4) solutions, and in different concentrations of bile acid (0, 0.1, 1, 10%) and pancreatin solutions (0, 0.03, 0.3, 3%). The stability of liposomes in different conditions was determined by measuring the fluorescence intensity of 5(6)‐CF leaked from liposomes. The amount of the 5(6)‐CF leakage from the PAA‐DSPE/DSPE liposomes of 6 mol% PAA‐DSPE was the lowest in all the cases of acidic, bile, and pancreatin solutions. In conclusion, the optimum amount of PAA‐DSPE in liposome was 6 mol%, and PAA‐DSPE/DSPE liposomes could improve the stability in the GI tract. Drug Dev. Res. 61:13–18, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The preparation of genistein and LC‐MS/MS on‐line analysis
Authors: Tian Zhongmin , Wan Mingxi , Wang Zenglu , Wang Bo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractGenistein, a promising agent for cancer chemoprevention or treatment, can be obtained from soybean seeds, via a complex isolation procedure. The objective of this study was to investigate whether natural and high purity genistein could be acquired from Sophora japonica L. via a simple approach. High‐performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) was used to monitor the whole process of genistein preparation. The results showed there were at least 13 types of flavonoid in the crude extracts from sophora fruits with sophoricoside being the predominant component. The products obtained from our preparation were unambiguously identified as genistein based on molecular ion [M+H]+, UV spectra, retention time, IR spectra, 1HNMR, 14CNMR spectra, and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. It demonstrated that 99.6% (w/w) genistein could be obtained via our preparation protocol. Drug Dev. Res. 61: 6–12, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of cytotoxicity and variation of the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by hybrid agent
Authors: Hu Wan‐Ping , Wang Jeh‐Jeng , Huang Shu‐Mei , Hein‐Su‐Yu  
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBD) derivative DC‐81 is a potent antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces species. The marked cytotoxic potential of this drug may be the result of its interaction with DNA. Because DC‐81 only recognizes three DNA base pairs this has precluded its clinical utility. Combination of DC‐81 with an indole carboxylate moiety was a hybrid designed to have much higher sequence selectivity in DNA Interactivity. In this paper, the association between cytotoxicity and the changes of mitochondria membrane potential ΔΨmt after exposing human melanoma cell line A375 to the hybrid agent was examined using MTS cell proliferation assay and flow cytometry using the fluorochrome rhodamine 123. Our results indicated that the hybrid induced cytotoxity and a significant reduction in ΔΨmt of A375 cells. We suggest that the hybrid agent is a potent inducer of cell apoptosis in A375 cells. Drug Dev. Res. 61: 1–5, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experimental study on seismic responses of multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structures
Authors: Lan Zongjian , Tian Yuji , Fang Liang , Liang Shuting , Wang Xinde 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwo models are tested on a shake‐table. One of the models is a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure and the other is a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure in which the laminated rubber bearings are placed between the major frame and the minor frames. Two earthquake motions (the El Centro wave and the Taft wave) are used during the test. This paper presents the dynamic characteristic, the seismic responses and the failure mechanism of these two models under varying peak acceleration levels for each of the earthquake motions. The test results demonstrate that the aseismic behavior of a multifunctional vibration‐absorption reinforced concrete megaframe structure is much better than that of a normal reinforced concrete megaframe structure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic performance of twin curved cable‐stayed bridges
Authors: Gentile C. , Cabrera F. Martinez y 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe dynamic behaviour of two curved cable‐stayed bridges, recently constructed in northern Italy, has been investigated by full‐scale testing and theoretical models. Two different excitation techniques were employed in the dynamic tests: traffic‐induced ambient vibrations and free vibrations. Since the modal behaviour identified from the two types of test are very well correlated and a greater number of normal modes was detected during ambient vibration tests, the validity of the ambient vibration survey is assessed in view of future monitoring.For both bridges, 11 vibration modes were identified in the frequency range of 0ndash;10Hz, being a one‐to‐one correspondence between the observed modes of the two bridges. Successively, the information obtained from the field tests was used to validate and improve 3D finite elements so that the dynamic performance of the two systems were assessed and compared based on both the experimental results and the updated theoretical models. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐based hysteresis and damage models for deteriorating systems
Authors: Sucuoǧlu Haluk , Erberik Altuǧ 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe low‐cycle fatigue model presented in the companion paper is employed for developing hysteresis and damage models for deteriorating systems. The hysteresis model performs strength reduction at a current displacement cycle by evaluating the loss in the energy dissipation capacity along the completed displacement path. Hence it is completely memory dependent. Pinching is accounted for implicitly by a reduced energy dissipation capacity in a displacement cycle. The model predicts the experimental results obtained from variable‐amplitude tests reasonably well. Response analysis under earthquake excitations reveals that both the maximum displacements and the number of large‐amplitude displacement response cycles increase significantly with the reduction in energy dissipation capacity, resulting in higher damage. Damage is defined as the deterioration in the effective stiffness of a displacement cycle, which is in turn related to the reduction in the energy dissipation capacity. A simple damage function is developed accordingly, consisting of displacement and fatigue components. It is observed that the fatigue component of damage is more significant than the displacement component for deteriorating systems under ground motions with significant effective durations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A viscous boundary for transient analyses of saturated porous media
Authors: Zerfa Zohra , Loret Benjamin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn absorbing boundary for saturated porous media is developed that can be used for transient analyses in the time domain. The elastic constitutive equations for the saturated porous media follow Bowen's formulation. The method consists of applying viscous tractions along the artificial boundary. The absorbing boundary behaviour is assumed linear and isotropic. Hadamard's conditions provide the speeds of the dilatational and shear waves that propagate in saturated porous media. Since these expressions are frequency independent, the intensities of the viscous tractions are evaluated in the time domain, and the two dilatational waves are accounted for. The viscous tractions are defined from the drained characteristics, assuming an infinite permeability, at variance with the traditional ‘undrained’ method based on undrained characteristics and a null permeability. Solid media and materials with low permeability are also retrieved as subcases.The results show that, at no additional cost, this ‘drained’ method is more accurate for all permeabilities than the ‘undrained’ method, which disregards the existence of the second dilatational wave. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐iterative time integration scheme for non‐linear dynamic FEM analysis
Authors: Honda Riki , Sakai Hisakazu , Sawada Sumio 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper proposes a non‐iterative time integration (NITI) scheme for non‐linear dynamic FEM analysis. The NITI scheme is constructed by combining explicit and implicit schemes, taking advantage of their merits, and enables stable computation without an iteration process for convergence even when used for non‐linear dynamic problems. Formulation of the NITI scheme is presented and its stability is studied. Although the NITI scheme is not unconditionally stable when applied to non‐linear problems, it is stable in most cases unless stiffness hardening occurs or the problem has a large velocity‐dependent term.The NITI scheme is applied to dynamic analysis of the non‐linear soil–structure system and computation results are compared with those by the central difference method (CDM). Comparison shows that the stability of the NITI scheme is superior to that of the CDM. Accuracy of the NITI scheme is verified because its results are identical with those by the CDM in which the time step is set as 1/10 of that for the NITI scheme. The application of the NITI scheme to the mesh‐partitioned FEM is also proposed. It is applied to dynamic analysis of the linear soil–structure system. It yields the same results as a conventional single‐domain FEM analysis using the Newmark β method. This result verifies the usability of mesh‐partitioned FEM analysis using the NITI scheme. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley& Sons, Ltd.
Identification of base‐excited structures using output‐only parameter estimation
Authors: Pridham Brad A. , Wilson John C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a new identification technique for the extraction of modal parameters of structural systems subjected to base excitation. The technique uses output‐only measurements of the structural response. A combined subspace‐maximum likelihood algorithm is developed and applied to a three‐degree‐of‐freedom simulation model. Five ensembles of synthetically generated input signals, representing varying input characteristics, are employed in Monte Carlo simulations to illustrate the applicability of the method. The technique is able to circumvent some of the difficulties arising from short data sets by employing the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to refine the subspace state estimates. This approach is motivated by successful application by previous authors on speech signals. Results indicate that, for certain system characteristics, more accurate pole estimates can be identified using the combined subspace‐EM formulation. In general, the damping ratios of the system are difficult to identify accurately due to limitations on data set length. The applicability of the technique to structural vibration signals is illustrated through the identification of seismic response data from the Vincent Thomas Bridge. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributions implied by American currency futures options: A ghost's smile?
Authors: Cincibuch Martin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA new and easily applicable method for estimating risk‐neutral distributions (RND) implied by American futures options is
proposed. It amounts to inverting the Barone‐Adesi and Whaley method (BAW method) to get the BAW implied volatility smile. Extensive
empirical tests show that the BAW smile is equivalent to the volatility smile implied by corresponding European options. Therefore, the procedure
leads to a legitimate RND estimation method. Further, the investigation of the currency options traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and OTC
markets in parallel provides us with insights on the structure and interaction of the two markets. Unequally distributed liquidity in the OTC market
seems to lead to price distortions and an ensuing interesting “ghost‐like” shape of the RND density implied by CME options.
Finally, using the empirical results, we propose a parsimonious generalization of the existing methods for estimating volatility smiles from OTC
options. A single free parameter significantly improves the fit. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:147–178, 2004
A theoretical framework to evaluate different margin‐setting methodologies
Authors: Lam Kin , Sin Chor‐Yiu , Leung Rico 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe margin system is the first line of defense against the default risk of a clearinghouse. From the perspectives of a clearinghouse, the utmost
concern is to have a prudential system to control the default exposure. Once the level of prudentiality is set, the next concern will
be the opportunity cost of the investors, because high opportunity cost discourages people from hedging futures, and thus defeats the
function of a futures market. In this article, we first develop different measures of prudentiality and opportunity cost. We then formulate a
statistical framework to evaluate different margin‐setting methodologies, all of which strike a balance between prudentiality and opportunity
cost. Three margin‐setting methodologies, namely, (1) using simple moving averages; (2) using exponentially weighted
moving averages; (3) using a GARCH approach, are applied to the Hang Seng Index futures. Keeping the same prudentiality
level, it is shown that the one using a GARCH approach by and large gives the lowest average overcharge. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 24:117–145, 2004
The impacts of errors in individual genotyping and DNA pooling on association studies
Authors: Zou Guohua , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCase‐control association studies using unrelated individuals may offer an effective approach for identifying genetic variants that have small to moderate disease risks. In general, two different strategies may be employed to establish associations between genotypes and phenotypes: (1) collecting individual genotypes or (2) quantifying allele frequencies in DNA pools. These two technologies have their respective advantages. Individual genotyping gathers more information, whereas DNA pooling may be more cost effective. Recent technological advances in DNA pooling have generated great interest in using DNA pooling in association studies. In this article, we investigate the impacts of errors in genotyping or measuring allele frequencies on the identification of genetic associations with these two strategies. We find that, with current technologies, compared to individual genotyping, a larger sample is generally required to achieve the same power using DNA pooling. We further consider the use of DNA pooling as a screening tool to identify candidate regions for follow‐up studies. We find that the majority of the positive regions identified from DNA pooling results may represent false positives if measurement errors are not appropriately considered in the design of the study. Genet Epidemiol 26:1–10, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.