bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freud in the Field
Authors: Whiting Beatrice B. 
Published: November 2004

Life review is a common theme in contemporary theories of personality development over the life span. Life review involves revisiting, reevaluating, and reinterpreting past experiences (Butler 1996). Different ways of doing such a review involve systematically examining different goal areas of one's life (such as family, friends, career, travel, spirituality, and so on); another methodology consists of reconsidering the aspects of one's life and history, a segment at a time (Santrock 1999).Beatrice Whiting recently took the latter approach when she decided to review a formative period of her graduate school career as part of composing an intellectual autobiography. The significant flash points she has found most fascinating to reanalyze are moments she refers to as "AH‐HAs," when confusion suddenly cleared or disparate planes of understanding intersected. When that occurred, these insights helped in her professional search for questions and problems worthy of scientific investigation. They helped her frame (potentially) testable hypotheses. Some of the most promising, however, had to be let go because there was no practical or reasonable way to collect the necessary data, as in the case of the AH‐HA described in this article.Whiting blends a personal need to revisit and recount this particular segment of her professional development with her fieldwork report. The reader can understand these experiences as a unique historical report on dreams and Freudian theory from the 1930s, for example. Many social scientists throughout this period and well into the 1950s (and a few still today) undertook psychoanalysis as a part of their professional and personal preparation, and Whiting weaves this experience into both her autobiography and her theories about Paiute dreams.
Russian Cultural Scripts: The Theory of Cultural Scripts and Its Applications
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2004

"Cultural scripts" as understood in this article are representations of cultural norms that are widely held in a given society and that are reflected in language (in culture‐specific "keywords," phrases, conversational routines, and so on). A key methodological principle in the theory underlying this article is that the proposed cultural scripts must be formulated in the Natural Semantic Metalanguage, that is, in terms of empirically established universal human concepts, encoded in words that have exact semantic equivalents in all languages.As D'Andrade notes, the Natural Semantic Metalanguage "offers a potential means to ground all complex concepts in ordinary language and translate concepts from one language to another without loss or distortion in meaning" (2001:246). What applies to concepts applies to shared understandings, that is, to what the author and colleagues have been calling, for more than a decade, "cultural scripts." The author argues that "cultural scripts" formulated in universal human concepts allow us to understand cultural norms and attitudes from within, that is, from the point of view of the "actors," while at the same time making them intelligible to outsiders.In this article, the theory of cultural scripts is applied to Russian culture and, in particular, the Russian cultural scripts concerning speech, truth, and interpersonal communication("obenie").
Emotion and Culture: Arguing with Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2004

Martha Nussbaum's account of human emotions, given in her influential 2001 book Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions is, in many ways, a balanced and insightful one. Her discussion steers prudently and carefully between, on the one hand, the excesses of cultural relativism and social constructivism, and on the other, the crude universalism of biological and cognitivist accounts of emotion. And yet I do not find Nussbaum's overall account fully adequate, and, in particular, I do not think she accords sufficient weight to the role of language in emotional experience or its interpretation. She acknowledges that language differences probably shape emotional life in some ways, but she goes on to say that "the role of language has often been overestimated" (p. 1551)—without noting that it has also often been greatly underestimated.In this article, I argue that despite her desire to strike a balance between extreme positions on emotion and culture, Nussbaum's account of human emotions errs on the side of universalism. I focus on "grief," which is her key example of a universal human emotion, and contrast the Anglo cultural perspective (some aspects of which Nussbaum assumes to be universal) with those reflected in other languages such as Russian, French, Chinese, and the Central Australian language Pintupi.
Life Stories, War, and Veterans: On the Social Distribution of Memories
Authors: Lomsky‐Feder Edna 
Published: November 2004

On the basis of examining life stories narrated by 63 Israeli male veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War, this article delves into the social construction of personal memory. Focusing on the remembering subject will allow us to study this process by highlighting the agent who creates his or her world, but at the same time it will disclose how society frames and channels the agent's choices.My contention is that personal memory (traumatic or normalizing, conforming or critical) is embedded within, designed by, and derives its meaning from, a memory field that offers different interpretations of war. Yet this memory field is not an open space, and the remembering subject is not free to choose any interpretation he wishes. Cultural criteria "distribute" accessibility to different collective memories according to social entitlement. These "distributive criteria" dictate who is entitled to remember and what is to be remembered, thereby controlling the extent of trauma and criticism of personal memory.
Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese and Semantics: Primes and Universals
Authors: Palmer Gary B. 
Published: November 2004

Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese. Anna Wierzbicka. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. 317 pp.Semantics: Primes and Universals. Anna Wierzbicka. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. 500 pp.
Book Reviews
Authors: Spitulnik Debra 
Published: November 2004

African languages: An Introduction. Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. ix. 396 pp.African Voices: An Introduction to the Languages and Linguistics of Africa. Vic Webb and Kembo Sure, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. xiv. 334 pp.
Cognitive Semantics, Typology, and Culture as a Cognitive System: The Work of Leonard Talmy
Authors: Bennardo Giovanni 
Published: November 2004

Toward. Cognitive Semantics, Volume 1: Concept Structuring Systems. Leonard Talmy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000. 565 pp.Toward. Cognitive Semantics, Volume 2: Typology and Process in Concept Structuring.Leonard Talmy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000.495 pp.
Altered States: Ethnographies of Transition in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union; Fieldwork Dilemmas: Anthropologists in Post‐Socialist States
Authors: Mazur Susan 
Published: November 2004

Altered States: Ethnographies of Transition in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Daphne Berdahl. Matti Bunzl. and Martha Lampland. Editors. Ann Arbor. University ofMichigan PTess. 2000 252 pp. 0‐472‐08617Fieldwork Dilemmas: Anthropologists in Post‐Socialist States. Hermine G. De Soto and Nora Dudwick. Editors. Madison. University of Wisconsin Press.2000. 250 pp. 0‐299‐16374‐1
The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd and Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians:Health and Disease across a Hunter‐Gatherer Continent
Authors: Goodman Alan 
Published: November 2004

The Archaeology of Disease, 2nd. ed. Charlotte Roberts and Keith Manchester. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995 (cloth), x + 243 pp.Palaeopathology of Aboriginal Australians: Health and Disease across a Hunter‐Gatherer Continent. Stephen Webb. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995 (cloth), xii + 324 pp.
Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross‐Cultural Perspectives; African American Midwifery in the South: Dialogues of Birth, Race, and Memory; Reading Birth and Death: A History of Obstetric Thinking
Authors: Renne Elisha P. 
Published: November 2004

Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross‐Cultural Perspectives. Robbie E. Davis‐Floyd and Carolyn Sargent. eds. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1997. xii. 510pp.African American Midwifery in the South: Dialogues of Birth, Race, and Memory. Gertrude Jacinta Fraser. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. xii. 287 pp.Reading Birth and Death:. History of Obstetric Thinking. Jo Murphy‐Lawless. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. viii. 343pp.
Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies; Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing; Was ist ein Schamane?/What is a Shaman? Shamans, Healers, and Medicine Men from a Western Point of View
Authors: Conklin Beth A. 
Published: November 2004

Healing Powers and Modernity: Traditional Medicine, Shamanism, and Science in Asian Societies. Linda H. Connor and Geoffrey Samuel. eds. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2001. xiii. 283 pp.Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing. Michael Winkelman. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 2000. 336 pp.Was ist ein Schamane?/What is. Shaman? Shamans, Healers, and Medicine Men from. Western Point of View. Amélie Schenk and Christian Rätsch. eds. Berlin: Society for Ethnomedicine, Curare/ Sonderband, 1999. 260 pp.
Masking Terror: How Women Contain Violence in Southern Sri Lanka; Scarred Minds: The Psychological Impact of War on Sri Lankan Tamils; The Ocean of Stories: Children's Imagination, Creativity, and Reconciliation in Eastern Sri Lanka
Authors: De Alwis Malathi 
Published: November 2004

Masking Terror: How Women Contain Violence in Southern Sri Lanka. Alex Argenti‐Pillen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. xv. 235 pp.Scarred Minds: The Psychological Impact of War on Sri Lankan Tamils. Daya Somasunderam New Delhi: Sage, 1998. 353 pp.The Ocean of Stories: Children's Imagination, Creativity, and Reconciliation in Eastern Sri Lanka. Patricia Lawrence. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Centre for Ethnic Studies, 2003.94 pp.
Plough, Sword and Book: The Structure of Human History; Culture Through Time: Anthropological Approaches
Authors: Bohannan Paul 
Published: November 2004

Ernest Gellner. Plough Sword and Book: The Structure of Human History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.Emiko Ohnuki‐Tiemey. Culture Through Time: Anthropological Approaches. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.
On‐line Executions: The Symbolic Use of the Electric Chair in Cyberspace
Authors: Lynch Mona 
Published: November 2004

Execution by electrocution—with its attendant smoke and flames and blood and screams—is a spectacle whose time has passed. The fiery deaths of Jesse Tafero and Pedro Medina and the recent bloody execution of Allen Lee Davis are acts more befitting a violent murder than a civilized state. Leander Shaw, Florida State Supreme Court, dissenting in Provenzano v. Moore, 1999It's a mockery to care about scorching a man's scalp, or bloodying his nose, in the context of rendering justice for his having killed another man. One might as well worry about the electricity mussing his hair. Daniel Clark, internet commentator, The Shinbone (shinbone.home.att.net/sparky.htm)
The Sultan's Burden/Madame L'eau/Nomads of the Taiga.
Authors: Barley Nigel , Stoller Paul , Graburn Nelson 
Published: November 2004

The Sultan′s Burden. Jon Jerstad and Lisbeth Holtedahl. Northern lights Fllmproduction. Mortimer Hill, Mortimer. Berkshire RG7 3PG. England.Madame L′eau. Jean Rouch. 1993 NFI Productions, BBC Television and France. (short version)Nomads of the Taiga. Heimo Lappalainen. Consultant, Nikolai Ssorin‐Chaikov. 1992. x 50 minutes. Dlsbributed by Illume Oy. Pasilan Puistotie 4. Fin‐00240. Helsinki, finland. Vhs Us$400/part, $1000 for series. 16mm us$1000/Part plus lab costs. $3000 plus lab costs for Series.tel. & fax (358‐0) 148‐1489.
A genome‐wide search for risk genes using homozygosity mapping and microarrays with 1,494 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 22 eastern Cuban families with bipolar disorder
Authors: Ewald H. , Wikman F.P. , Teruel B.M. , Buttenschön H.N. , Torralba M. , Als T.D. , El Daoud A. , Flint T.J. , Jorgensen T.H. , Blanco L. , Kruse T.A. , Orntoft T.F. , Mors O. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHomozygosity mapping is a very powerful method for finding rare recessive disease genes in monogenic disorders and may also be useful for locating risk genes in complex disorders, late onset disorders where parents often are not available, and for rare phenotypic subgroups. In the present study, homozygosity mapping was applied to 24 persons with bipolar disorder from 22 inbred families. The families were selected irrespective of whether other affected family members were present or not. A genome wide screen using genotypes from only a single affected person in each family was performed using the AFFYMETRIX GeneChip HuSNP Mapping Assay, which contains 1,494 single nucleotide polymorphisms. At chromosome 17q24‐q25 a parametric multipoint LOD score of 1.96 was found at WIAF‐2407 and WIAF‐2405. When analyzing 19 additional microsatellite markers on chromosome 17q the maximum parametric multipoint LOD score was 2.08, 1.5 cM proximal to D17S668. The present study replicates a recent significant linkage finding. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction between a tertiary amine methacrylate based polyelectrolyte and a sodium montmorillonite dispersion and its rheological and colloidal properties
Authors: Alemdar A. , Bütün V. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe rheological and colloidal properties of sodium montmorillonite dispersions were investigated in the presence of a special type of cationic polymer [modified poly(ethylene glycol)]. 2‐(Dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate was polymerized with monomethoxy‐capped oligo(ethylene glycol) via aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization. The tertiary amine residues of the resulting polymer were then quaternized with methyl iodide to obtain a cationic polyelectrolyte. The rheology and ζ‐potential experiments showed that the cationic polymer adsorbed onto the sodium montmorillonite surface strongly. The rheological parameters (plastic viscosity and yield value) were obtained with a rotational low‐shear rheometer. The results indicated a gradual increase in gelation with the addition of the cationic polymer, which reached a maximum at a cationic polymer concentration of 0.4–0.8 g/L. This gel‐like dispersion showed pronounced thixotropy. A further increase in the polymer concentration resulted in a reduction in this gelation. The adsorption of the cationic polymer onto the clay surface reduced the ζ potential to small values, but no isoelectric point was observed. The basal‐spacing measurements showed that the cationic polymer strongly adsorbed onto the sodium montmorillonite instead of entering the montmorillonite layers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 300–306, 2005
Compatibilization of a polyolefin blend through covalent and ionic coupling of grafted polypropylene and polyethylene. I. Rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Colbeaux Aimeline , Fenouillot Françoise , Gérard Jean‐François , Taha Mohamed , Wautier Henri 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene blend containing 70 wt % polypropylene was prepared and compatibilized via the addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and polyethylene. The functionalized polymer chains were coupled with two types of coupling agents. Dodecane diamine formed covalent bonds with the maleic anhydride, whereas two metallic salts, zinc acetate and sodium hydrogenocarbonate, formed ionic interactions with the carboxylic functions produced by the hydration of the anhydride cycle. The coupling of the grafted polyolefin chains was successfully realized by a single operation in a twin‐screw extruder. The coupling agents were efficient in improving the elongation at break and impact properties of the studied blends. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 312–320, 2005
Gegenüberstellung der statischen Berechnungen einer Stahlbrücke nach DIN ‐Fachberichten und bisher gültigem Regelwerk
Authors: Timm Günter , Steffens Alexander 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFür die Berechnung und Bemessung von Brückenbauwerken wurden 2003 die DIN ‐Fachberichte als neues Regelwerk eingeführt. Gegenüber den bisher gültigen Normen ergeben sich in der praktischen Anwendung daraus nderungen in bezug auf Einwirkungen, zu führende Nachweise und die Konstruktion. Dieser Beitrag erläutert anhand einer Parallelberechnung die Auswirkungen des neuen Regelwerks auf den Stahlüberbau einer Eisenbahnbrücke. Die Gegenüberstellung zeigt, daß insbesondere aufgrund konservativerer Ansätze für die Lastausbreitung im Schotterbett die Fahrbahnkonstruktion verstärkt werden muß.
Auswirkung der Herstellungsmethode auf den Gebrauchszustand von Schlitzwänden in weichen bindigen Böden
Authors: Schäfer René , Triantafyllidis Theodor 
Published: November 2004

AbstractFür den Nachweis der Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Stützkonstruktionen wird vielfach auf die Methode der finiten Elemente zurückgegriffen. Konventionelle Simulationen vernachlässigen dabei den Herstellungsvorgang der Verbauwand und wählen den Erdruhedruck als maßgebenden Ausgangszustand zu Beginn. Mit Hilfe der vorgestellten FE‐Berechnungen wird gezeigt, daß durch diese Vorgehensweise bei Schlitzwände in weichen bindigen Böden die auftretenden Wandverformungen, Geländesetzungen und Steifenkräfte im Unterschied zu überkonsolidierten Bodenschichten unterschätzt werden. Die abschnittsweise Herstellung der Schlitzwandlamellen führt zu einem veränderten Spannungszustand im angrenzenden Boden, und insbesondere der Betoniervorgang verursacht eine anteilige Mobilisierung des passiven Erddrucks im oberen Drittel der Wand, wodurch der Verformungszuwachs zu erklären ist. Zur vereinfachten Berücksichtigung der Schlitzwandherstellung wird in Abhängigkeit der Verteilung des Frischbetondrucks ein modifizierter Ausgangsspannungszustand vorgeschlagen.
Exploratory Studies to Investigate a Linked Prebiotic Origin of RNA and Coded Peptides. 3rd Communication
Authors: Ace Karl , Sutherland John D. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe potentially prebiotic synthesis of pyrimidine ribonucleotides by stepwise nucleobase assembly on arabinose‐3‐phosphate derivatives has been demonstrated in previous work. The generation of xylose‐2‐phosphate derivatives by aldolisation, and the behaviour of these compounds under the conditions of pyrimidine nucleobase assembly have also been described. In this paper, the scope for generation of purine nucleotides via 3,3′‐anhydro‐xylo‐nucleotides is investigated. In neutral D2O solution, the potential intermediate 47 (Schemes 6 and 8) undergoes HC(2)→DC(2) exchange, but no appreciable reaction with cyanide or cyanamide occurs. The exchange chemistry expands options for purine nucleobase assembly on sugar phosphate scaffolds.
Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Aib‐Containing Cyclic Hexapeptides
Authors: Jeremic Tatjana , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe 18‐membered Aib‐containing cyclohexapeptides, cyclo(‐Gly‐Aib‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Phe‐) (22), cyclo(‐Gly‐Aib‐Phe(2Me)‐Gly‐Aib‐Aib‐) (24a), cyclo(‐Gly‐Phe(2Me)‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Aib‐) (24b), and cyclo(‐Gly‐Phe(2Me)‐Aib‐Gly‐Aib‐Phe‐) (25), have efficiently been synthesized by solution‐phase techniques. The linear precursors 1a–1d were prepared by combining the ‘azirine/oxazolone method’ for incorporation of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids (Aib, Phe(2Me)) into the peptide chains by classical peptide coupling methods for segment condensations. Deprotection of the amino and carboxy termini of 1a–1d, followed by cyclization with DEPC as the coupling reagent, gave the above‐mentioned cyclic hexapeptides 22, 24a, 24b, and 25 in good yields (26–57%). The solid‐state conformations of the linear hexapeptides 1d, 16 and 27, and of the cyclohexapeptides 22 and 25 have been established by X‐ray crystallography.
Identification of Delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐Malonyl)‐β‐glucoside‐3′‐O‐β‐glucoside, a Postulated Intermediate in the Biosynthesis of Ternatin C5 in the Blue Petals of Clitoria ternatea (Butterfly Pea)
Authors: Kazuma Kohei , Kogawa Koichiro , Noda Naonobu , Kato Naoki , Suzuki Masahiko 
Published: November 2004

AbstractTernatins are blue anthocyanins found in the petals of Clitoria ternata (butterfly pea). Among them, ternatin C5 (delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside‐3′,5′‐di‐O‐β‐glucoside; 2) has the structure common to all the ternatins, which is characterized by its glucosylation pattern: a 3,3′,5′‐triglucosylated anthocyanidin. In the course of studying biosynthetic pathways of ternatins, the key enzymatic activities to produce ternatin C5 were discovered in a crude enzyme preparation from the petals of a blue petal line of C. ternatea. When this preparation was tested for activity against several delphinidin glycosides, delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside‐3′‐O‐β‐glucoside (6), a postulated intermediate, was found in the reaction mixture, together with three known anthocyanins, which were spectroscopically structurally identified. As a result of structural identification, the following enzymatic activities were identified: UDP‐glucose : delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside‐3′‐O‐β‐glucoside 5′‐O‐glucosyltransferase (5′GT), UDP‐glucose : delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside 3′‐O‐glucosyltransferase (3′GT), UDP‐glucose : delphinidin 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase, and malonyl‐CoA : delphinidin 3‐O‐β‐glucoside 6″‐malonyltransferase. In a mauve petal line, which did not accumulate ternatins but delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside in its petal, there were neither 5′GT nor 3′GT activities. Thus, the early biosynthetic pathway of ternatins may be characterized by the stepwise transfer of two glucose residues to 3′‐ and 5′‐position of delphinidin 3‐O‐(6″‐O‐malonyl)‐β‐glucoside (1; Scheme) from UDP‐glucose.