bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interaction of C60, C70, and C60(CN)2 Radical Anions with Cobalt(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin in Solid Multicomponent Complexes
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Saito Gunzi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. , Yoshida Yukihiro , Otsuka Akihiro 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA method for the synthesis of the multicomponent ionic complexes: [CrI(C6H6)2.+][CoII(tpp)(fullerene)−]⋅C6H4Cl2, comprising bis(benzene)chromium (Cr(C6H6)2), cobalt(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (CoII(tpp)), fullerenes (C60, C60(CN)2, and C70), and o‐dichlorobenzene (C6H4Cl2) has been developed. The monoanionic state of the fullerenes has been proved by optical absorption spectra in the UV/vis/NIR and IR ranges. The crystal structures of the ionic [{CrI(C6H6)2}.+]1.7[{CoII(tpp)(C60)}2]1.7− ⋅ 3.3 C6H4Cl2 and [{CrI(C6H6)2}.+]2[CoII(tpp){C60(CN)2}]−[C60(CN)2.−])⋅3 C6H4Cl2 are presented. The essentially shortened Co⋅⋅⋅C(fullerene) bond lengths of 2.28–2.32 Å in these complexes indicate the formation of σ‐bonded [CoII(tpp)][fullerene]− anions, which are diamagnetic. All the ionic complexes are semiconductors with room temperature conductivity of 2×10−3–4×10−6 S cm−1, and their magnetic susceptibilities show Curie–Weiss behavior. The neutral complexes of CoII(tpp) with C60, C60(CN)2, C70, and Cr0(C6H6)2, as well as the crystal structures of [CoII(tpp)](C60)⋅2.5 C6H4Cl2, [CoII(tpp)](C70)⋅ 1.3 CHCl3⋅0.2 C6H6, and [Cr0(C6H6)2][CoII(tpp)] are discussed. In contrast to the ionic complexes, the neutral ones have essentially longer Co⋅⋅⋅C(fullerene) bond lengths of 2.69–2.75 Å.
Parallel application of a novel domain decomposition preconditioner for the adaptive finite‐element solution of three‐dimensional convection‐dominated PDEs
Authors: Jimack P. K. , Nadeem S. A. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe describe and analyse the parallel implementation of a novel domain decomposition preconditioner for the fast iterative solution of linear systems of algebraic equations arising from the discretization of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) in three dimensions. In previous theoretical work, this preconditioner has been proved to be optimal for symmetric positive‐definite (SPD) linear systems. In this paper, we provide details of our three‐dimensional parallel implementation and demonstrate that the technique may be generalized to the solution of non‐symmetric algebraic systems, such as those arising when convection–diffusion problems are discretized using either Galerkin or stabilized finite‐element methods (FEMs). Furthermore, we illustrate the potential of the preconditioner for use within an adaptive finite‐element framework by successfully solving convection‐dominated problems on locally, rather than globally, refined meshes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Transannular Interaction in [2.2]Paracyclophane: Repulsive or Attractive?
Authors: Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Antonov Dmitry Yu. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe molecular structure and charge density distribution in the crystal of [2.2]paracyclophane derived from the high‐resolution single crystal X‐ray diffraction data at 100 K is reported together with ab initio calculations of this molecule. Analysis of the atomic, anisotropic displacement parameters in a “rigid‐body” model approximation has revealed that the molecule is ordered in the crystal. Topological analysis of the electron density and potential‐energy density‐distribution functions has demonstrated that there is no “through‐space” interaction between the rings in the molecule. The role of the ethylene bridges and distortion of the aromatic desks on the inter‐ring interaction are discussed.
Learning curves and bootstrap estimates for inference with Gaussian processes: A statistical mechanics study
Authors: Malzahn Dörthe , Opper Manfred 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe use the replica method of statistical physics to study the average case performance of learning systems. The new feature of our theory is that general distributions of data can be treated, which enables applications to real data. For a class of Bayesian prediction models which are based on Gaussian processes, we discuss Bootstrap estimates for learning curves. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐organizing genetic codes and the emergence of digital life
Authors: Pargellis Andrew 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe emergence of self‐replicating programs from an initially disordered “prebiotic” phase consisting of randomly generated opcodes (virtual machine instructions) is a challenging problem. The computer world, Amoeba, has many virtual CPUs acting upon sequences of randomly generated codons (opcode templates). An assignment matrix degenerately maps these codons to a genetic basis set of opcodes, analogous to the translation of nucleotides to amino acids. Amoeba self‐organizes by increasing assignment probabilities for those codon‐opcode pairs in successfully generated children. This halves the effective size of the opcode basis set, doubling the rate of emergence over the control case (random assignments). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes of pectic substances concentration in potatoes and French fries and the effect of these substances on the texture of the final product
Authors: Tajner‐Czopek Agnieszka 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe texture of fried potato products depends on the building elements present in the cell walls, which play the structure‐forming function, as well as on physical and biochemical changes of those elements which take place in the potato tissue, when it is exposed to blanching or frying. For the research the tubers of four potato varieties (Ekra, Orlik, Sumak, and Bryza) were used, which served as material for the production of French fries. In the samples of potato tubers before and after peeling, as well as in French fries blanched in the solutions of 0.4% CaCl2 and 0.4% MgCl2 salts the contents of pectic substances and their effect on the texture of the final product were determined. The process of peeling potato tubers contributed to the decrease of the content of the pectic substances. On the average 20% of the content of water‐soluble pectins and about 5% of protopectins was decreased. Water blanching and frying contributed to a further decrease of the pectic substances in French fries in relation to their content in the raw material. However, potato strips blanching in the solutions of calcium and magnesium salts prevents further loss of those substances in the final product. The presence of calcium and magnesium ions in the solution of the blanching salts caused their partial binding by the pectin substances present in the potato tissue, which resulted in the improvement of the texture of French fries, especially obtained from early potato varieties.
Complex permittivity and permeability measurement at elevated temperatures using rectangular waveguide
Authors: Wolfson B. J. , Wentworth S. M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe describe a method to determine a material's complex permittivity and permeability over a range of temperatures. Input impedances are calculated from scattering parameters measured with the sample terminated by two offset shorts. These are manipulated to solve for complex permittivity and permeability over the frequency band of the waveguide. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 449–453, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11086
A Ka‐band LTCC integrated 22‐dBm MMIC power‐amplifier module
Authors: Kim Dae Jun , Yoon Kyung Sik , Park Chul Soon 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper describes the design and fabrication of a 0.7‐mm‐thick compact Ka‐band low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) power‐amplifier module, integrating the 0.25‐μm PHEMT MMIC power‐amplifier design. The LTCC module, designed for a surface‐mounting structure, and composed of a five‐layer LTCC circuit with internal matching networks. The power‐amplifier module reveals 24‐dBm output power and 8‐dB power gain between 28 and 31 GHz, which is equivalent to less than 1 dB loss compared to the MMIC's performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 455–457, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11088
A novel implementation for two‐dimensional unconditionally stable FDTD method
Authors: Zhao An Ping 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper, a novel two‐dimensional unconditionally stable finite‐difference time‐domain (2D US‐FDTD) method based on the Crank–Nicolson (CN) scheme is proposed. In particular, in the proposed 2D US‐FDTD method the field components are defined at only two time steps n and n + 1; and the original time‐dependent Maxwell's equations of the Crank–Nicolson scheme are solved by introducing a proper intermediate value for a field component. Compared to the ADI‐FDTD method, the US‐FDTD method offers the following two advantages: (i) the left‐hand and right‐hand sides of the original updating equations are balanced (with regards to time steps) as accurately as possible and (ii) only a single iteration that requires fewer updating equations is needed for the field development. The numerical performance of the proposed US‐FDTD method over the ADI‐FDTD algorithm is demonstrated through numerical examples. In particular, it is shown that the asymmetric effect (that is, the asymmetric result is obtained even for exactly symmetric computational setups), which always appears in the ADI‐FDTD algorithm, is not observed in the US‐FDTD method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 457–462, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11089
Design and realization of a 4 × 4 microstrip Butler matrix without any crossing in millimeter waves
Authors: Dall'Omo C. , Monediere T. , Jecko B. , Lamour F. , Wolk I. , Elkael M. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the design of a 4 × 4 Butler matrix with millimeter microstrip technology. The design of this matrix at around 40 GHz suggests a circuit without any crossing on single‐layer substrate. Thus its main advantage is low cost. Simulations, realization, and measurements are discussed in the present paper. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 462–465, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11090
A 5.8‐GHz LNA with image rejection and gain control based on 0.18‐μm CMOS
Authors: Kim Jin‐pil , Oh Yong‐Hun , Choi Jin‐Young , Lee Sang‐gug 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a low‐noise amplifier (LNA) design which includes image rejection and gain control. The proposed LNA adopts a cascode topology with a notch filter combined with a gain control function. The performance of the proposed LNA is compared with conventional cascode topology and improvements in noise figure and image rejection by 0.3 and 11.5 dB, respectively, are confirmed. The proposed 5.8‐GHz LNA is implemented using 0.18‐μm CMOS technology. Measured high‐gain mode performances show noise figure (NF) = 1.4 dB, gain = 16.5 dB, and input‐P1dB= −8 dBm; with low‐gain mode, the gain reduces to 5.5 dB while the linearity improves to input‐P1dB= 10 dBm. The LNA dissipates 4 mA from a 1.8 V supply. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 477–480, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11094
Multi‐pole gap‐coupled unidirectional dielectric radiator in the millimeter‐ wave band
Authors: Lee Jae‐Gon , Lee Jeong‐Hae 
Published: August 2003

AbstractA multi‐pole gap‐coupled unidirectional dielectric radiator (UDR) is proposed for broadband applications in the millimeter‐wave band. The advantages of gap‐coupled UDR include ease of planar integration, low loss, and low cost. Design parameters of the gap‐coupled UDR, such as resonator length and gap distance, are determined using an equivalent circuit model of an evanescent nonradiative dielectric (NRD) guide. Prototypes of the gap‐coupled UDR are designed and measured at 38 GHz. The measured results show good agreement with simulated data. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 38: 498–501, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11102
Synthesis and reactions of new diphosphenes bearing extremely bulky substituents
Authors: Sasamori Takahiro , Takeda Nobuhiro , Tokitoh Norihiro 
Published: August 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present the synthesis of new diphosphenes TbtPPTbt and BbtPPBbt having extremely bulky substituents, 2,4,6‐tris[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl (Tbt) and 2,6‐bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]‐4‐[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]phenyl groups (Bbt). Their x‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed their unique structures in the solid state. Furthermore, the configurations of these extremely overcrowded diphosphenes, TbtPPTbt and BbtPPBbt, are twisted in different ways in spite of the close structural similarity between Tbt and Bbt groups. DFT calculations were performed to estimate the energy difference between the two configurations of diphosphenes. In addition, their structures and physical properties were compared with those of their heavier congeners, distibenes (ArSbSbAr, Ar = Tbt and Bbt) and dibismuthenes (ArBiBiAr, Ar = Tbt and Bbt) having the same substituents. Although the reactivities of the extremely hindered diphosphenes might be considerably suppressed owing to the severe steric congestion, it was found that they can react with elemental sulfur and selenium to give the corresponding thia‐ and selenadiphosphirane derivatives, respectively, in addition to the previously reported diphosphenes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methoxy(2‐pyridyl)ketene
Authors: Andersen Heidi Gade , Bednarek Pawel , Wentrup Curt 
Published: August 2003

AbstractMatrix photolysis of 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine (12) affords s‐E‐2‐pyridylketene (4), but flash vacuum thermolysis of 12 gives methoxy(2‐pyridyl)ketene (15), predominantly in the s‐Z‐conformation. Matrix photolysis of 15 affords 2‐acetylpyridine. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of antipyretic potential of Vernonia cinerea extract in rats
Authors: Gupta Malaya , Mazumder U. K. , Manikandan L. , Bhattacharya S. , Haldar P. K. , Roy S. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe methanol extract of the whole plant of Vernonia cinerea (MEVC) was evaluated for its antipyretic potential on normal body temperature and yeast‐induced pyrexia in rats. MEVC signiﬁcantly reduced the normal body temperature at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight p.o. MEVC also lowered the elevated body temperature in the case of yeast‐induced pyrexia in a dose dependent manner. The antipyretic effect of the extract at a dose of 500 mg/kg was identical to that of the standard drug paracetamol. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiofrequency GDOES: a powerful technique for depth profiling analysis of thin films
Authors: Shimizu K. , Habazaki H. , Skeldon P. , Thompson G. E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractPreviously, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), both d.c. and r.f. has been used for depth profiling analysis of thick films several tens of microns thick, utilizing its high sputtering rates of >1 µm min−1. Through selected examples, it is demonstrated here that r.f. GDOES also has enormous potential for depth profiling analysis of ultrathin films <10 nm thick, where AES and SIMS have dominant roles. The significant features of r.f. GDOES enabling such analysis arise from the nature of r.f. glow discharge sputtering where samples, both conducting and non‐conducting, are sputtered very stably with Ar+ ions of low energies (<50 eV) and high current fluxes (of the order of 100 mA cm−2). The low Ar+ energy ensures that film sputtering proceeds without significant formation of altered layers, which is a prerequisite for successful depth profiling analysis of ultrathin films at high depth resolution. The high current fluxes allow sputtering to proceed at very high rates of >1 µm min−1, thereby extending the limit of film thickness for analysis to 100 µm. Thus r.f. GDOES, with its unique ability to accommodate depth profiling analysis of films of a very wide thickness range, is expected to play an important role in the field of practical surface analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New aspects of quantification in r.f. GDOES
Authors: Payling Richard , Michler Johann , Aeberhard Max , Popov Yuriy 
Published: August 2003

AbstractQuantification algorithms for radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (r.f. GDOES) calibration and analysis are briefly reviewed. These include corrections for emission yield, self‐absorption, spectral interferences and relative sputtering rates. The emission yield term is then expanded to allow variable power calibration. The use of sputter factors to determine relative sputtering rates is explored. Finally, pulsed r.f. operation is considered and compared with continuous power operation in an alloy steel calibration and in the qualitative depth profile of a heat‐sensitive coated glass. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glow discharge modelling: from basic understanding towards applications
Authors: Bogaerts Annemie , Chen Zhaoyang , Gijbels Renaat 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe have developed a comprehensive modelling network for glow discharge plasmas used for analytical spectroscopy in order to obtain better insight into the plasma characteristics that are desirable for good analytical practice. The modelling network consists of Monte‐Carlo, fluid and collisional‐radiative models, as well as a heat transfer model and a computational fluid dynamics code, to describe the behaviour of the various plasma species. Typical calculation results include the electrical characteristics (current, voltage, pressure relations), the electric field distribution, the densities, fluxes and energies of the various plasma species, information about the various collisions in the plasma and about cathode sputtering, optical emission intensities, etc. In this paper we focus on results that are of direct analytical interest, such as crater profiles and erosion rates due to sputtering, implantation profiles, glow discharge source design, optical emission intensities and the effect of hydrogen addition. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical characterization of radiofrequency glow discharge used for optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Belenguer Ph. , Guillot Ph. , Therese L. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThis paper considers the electrical characterization of radiofrequency glow discharge plasmas used for optical emission spectroscopy. The total discharge current and the applied voltage are measured using conventional techniques. With a simple analytical approach and using adequate assumptions that will be detailed in the paper, we show that it is possible to estimate the different components of the total discharge current and to characterize electrically the sheath and the plasma region of the discharge. This allows information to be obtained on the electric field on the sample, the sheath length, the ion density in the sheath and the plasma density. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiofrequency GDOES, EPMA and AES analysis of zinc die casting plated with copper, duplex nickel and microporous chromium for corrosion protection
Authors: Shimizu K. , Kasahara N. , Habazaki H. , Skeldon P. , Thompson G. E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe distributions of the additive‐derived carbon and sulphur impurities in electroplated metallic layers are of great concern in plating industries. The amounts of carbon and sulphur impurities in the layers are normally <1 wt.% but they influence significantly the structure and properties of the layers. By analysis of the duplex nickel layers for corrosion protection of exterior automotive zinc die casting, it is demonstrated that radiofrequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy is a powerful and reliable technique for this purpose, allowing rapid depth profiling analysis with excellent sensitivities for the detection of carbon and sulphur, along with other impurities such as hydrogen and iron, and depth resolution. A freshly generated and highly flat cross‐section of the sample has been prepared using an ultramicrotome and a diamond knife and subsequently analysed by EPMA line‐scan analysis and AES spot analysis. It appeared that EPMA and AES do not have sufficient sensitivities to detect small amounts of the additive‐derived carbon and sulphur impurities, although they have distinct advantages for micro‐area analysis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A model for deformable roll coating with negative gaps and incompressible compliant layers
Authors: GOSTLING M. J. , SAVAGE M. D. , YOUNG A. E. , GASKELL P. H. 
Published: August 2003

A soft elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is formulated for deformable roll coating involving two contra-rotating rolls, one rigid and the other covered with a compliant layer. Included is a finite-strip model (FSM) for the deformation of the layer and a lubrication model with suitable boundary conditions for the motion of the fluid. The scope of the analysis is restricted to Newtonian fluids, linear elasticity/viscoelasticity and equal roll speeds, with application to the industrially relevant highly loaded or ‘negative gap’ regime. Predictions are presented for coated film thickness, inter-roll thickness, meniscus location, pressure and layer deformation as the control parameters – load (gap), elasticity, layer thickness and capillary number, $\hbox{\it Ca}$ – are varied. There are four main results:
Hookean spring models are shown to be unable to model effectively the deformation of a compliant layer when Poisson's ratio $\nu\rightarrow 0.5$. In particular, they fail to predict the swelling of the layer at the edge of the contact region which increases as $\nu\rightarrow 0.5$; they also fail to locate accurately the position of the meniscus, $X_M$, and to identify the presence, close to the meniscus, of a ‘nib’ (constriction in gap thickness) and associated magnification of the sub-ambient pressure loop.Scaling arguments suggest that layer thickness and elasticity may have similar effects on the field variables. It is shown that for positive gaps this is true, whereas for negative gaps they have similar effects on the pressure profile and flow rate yet quite different effects on layer swelling (deformation at the edge of the contact region) and different effects on $X_M$.For negative gaps and $\hbox{\it Ca}\,{\sim}\,O(1)$, the effect of varying either viscosity or speed and hence $\hbox{\it Ca}$ is to significantly alter both the coating thickness and $X_M$. This is contrary to the case of fixed-gap rigid roll coating.Comparison between theoretical predictions and experimental data shows quantitive agreement in the case of $X_M$ and qualitive agreement for flow rate. It is shown that this difference in the latter case may be due to viscoelastic effects in the compliant layer.