bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional differences of cultivable leaf-associated microorganisms in the native Andean treeGevuina avellanaMol. (Proteaceae) exposed to atmospheric contamination
Authors: Fuentes-Quiroz Alejandra , Herrera Héctor , Alvarado Roxana , Rabert Claudia , Arriagada Cesar , Valadares Rafael Borges da Silva 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate and describe the functional differences of cultivable bacteria and fungi inhabiting the leaves of Gevuina avellana Mol. (Proteaceae) in an urban area with high levels of air pollution and in a native forest in the southern Andes.Methods and resultsPhyllosphere microorganisms were isolated from the leaves of G. avellana, their plant growth-promoting capabilities were estimated along with their biocontrol potential and tolerance to metal(loid)s. Notably, plants from the urban area showed contrasting culturable leaf-associated microorganisms compared to those from the native area. The tolerance to metal(loid)s in bacteria range from 15 to 450 mg l−1 of metal(loid)s, while fungal strains showed tolerance from 15 to 625 mg l−1, being especially higher in the isolates from the urban area. Notably, the bacterial strain Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens and the fungal strain Cladosporium sp. exhibited several plant-growth-promoting properties along with the ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi.ConclusionsOverall, our study provides evidence that culturable taxa in G. avellana leaves is directly influenced by the sampling area. This change is likely due to the presence of atmospheric pollutants and diverse microbial symbionts that can be horizontally acquired from the environment.
Elucidating the factors and consequences of the severity of rumen acidosis in first-lactation Holstein cows during transition and early lactation
Authors: Hartinger Thomas , Castillo-Lopez Ezequias , Reisinger Nicole , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
First-lactation cows are particularly prone to subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) during transition. Besides common risk factors of SARA, such as feeding of starch-rich diets, an individual severity of SARA in cows has been recently evidenced. Yet, the factors that play a role in SARA severity have not been elucidated. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the factors of SARA severity in first-lactation cows during transition and early lactation, which go beyond high-grain feeding, and to explore their impact on behavior, health, and fermentation in the rumen and hindgut. Twenty-four first-lactation Holstein cows with the same feeding regime were used starting from 3 wk before the expected calving day until 10 wk postpartum. Cows received a close-up diet (32% concentrate) until calving and were then transitioned to a lactation diet (60% concentrate) within 1 week. The SARA severity was assessed by cluster analysis of several rumen pH metrics, which revealed exceptionally longer and more severe SARA in cows denominated as high (n = 9), as compared to moderate (n = 9) and low (n = 6) SARA severity cows (P &lt; 0.01). The logistic analysis showed that the length of close-up feeding, age at parturition, and the level of dry matter intake (DMI) were the main factors that influenced the cows’ odds for high SARA severity (each P ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the ANOVA hinted differences in the metabolic activity of the ruminal microbiome to promote SARA severity, as indicated by highest ruminal propionate proportions (P = 0.05) in high SARA severity cows, also with similar DMI. The distinct SARA severity was marginally reflected in behavior and there were no effects of SARA severity or high-grain feeding on blood inflammation markers, which peaked at parturition regardless of SARA severity (P &lt; 0.01). Still, ongoing high-grain feeding increased liver enzyme concentrations from 6 wk postpartum on, compared to weeks before (P &lt; 0.01), yet irrespectively of SARA severity. In conclusion, first-lactation cows differed in SARA severity under the same feeding regime, which was ascribed to management factors and differences in ruminal fermentation. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and to understand the mechanisms behind differences in the metabolic function of rumen microbiome, in particular in terms of evaluating markers for various SARA severity, as well as to evaluate potential long-term effects on health, performance, fertility, and longevity of dairy cows.
Identification and screening of circular RNAs during adipogenic differentiation of ovine preadipocyte by RNA-seq
Authors: Shen Jiyuan , Jin Xiayang , Hao Zhiyun , Wang Jiqing , Hu Jiang , Liu Xiu , Li Shaobin , Zhao Fangfang , Li Mingna , Zhao Zhidong , Shi Bingang , Ren Chunyan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that play important roles in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. However, little is known about genome-wide identification, expression profile, and function of circRNAs in sheep. To investigate the role of circRNAs during ovine adipogenic differentiation, the subcutaneous adipose tissue of Tibetan rams was collected in June 2022. Subsequently, the preadipocytes were immediately isolated from collected adipose tissue and then induced to begin differentiation. The adipocytes samples cultured on days 0, 2, and 8 of preadipocytes differentiation were used to perform RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to construct the expression profiles of circRNAs. Subsequently, the function of differentially expressed circRNAs was investigated by performing the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of their parent genes. Finally, a circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs network involved in adipogenic differentiation was been analyzed. As a result, a total of 6,449 candidate circRNAs were identified in ovine preadipocytes. Of these circRNAs identified, 63 candidate circRNAs were differentially expressed among the three differentiation stages and their parent genes were mainly enriched in acetyl-CoA metabolic process, positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process, positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process, and focal adhesion pathway (P &lt; 0.05). Based on a circRNAs-miRNAs-mRNAs regulatory network constructed, circ_004977, circ_006132 and circ_003788 were found to function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to regulate ovine preadipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. The results provide an improved understanding of functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs underlying ovine adipogenesis in sheep.
Mass Political Information on Social Media: Facebook Ads, Electorate Saturation, and Electoral Accountability in Mexico
Authors: Enríquez José Ramón , Larreguy Horacio , Marshall John , Simpser Alberto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Social media’s capacity to quickly and inexpensively reach large audiences almost simultaneously has the potential to promote electoral accountability. Beyond increasing direct exposure to information, high saturation campaigns—which target substantial fractions of an electorate—may induce or amplify information diffusion, persuasion, or coordination between voters. Randomizing saturation across municipalities, we evaluate the electoral impact of non-partisan Facebook ads informing millions of Mexican citizens of municipal expenditure irregularities in 2018. The vote shares of incumbent parties that engaged in zero/negligible irregularities increased by 6–7 percentage points in directly-targeted electoral precincts. This direct effect, but also the indirect effect in untargeted precincts within treated municipalities, were significantly greater where ads targeted 80%—rather than 20%—of the municipal electorate. The amplifying effects of high saturation campaigns are driven by citizens within more socially-connected municipalities, rather than responses by politicians or media outlets. These findings demonstrate how mass media can ignite social interactions to promote political accountability.
Compliance politics and international investment disputes: a new dataset
Authors: Strain Nicola , Lie Runar Hilleren , Chernykh Yuliya , Espelid Even , St John Taylor , Langford Malcolm , Cuervo-Lorens Isabella , Peat Daniel , Sarmiento Maria Florencia , Ripson Coen , Usynin Maxim , Adams Faadhil , Berge Tarald Gulseth , Létourneau-Tremblay Laura , Parekh Prevy , Gáspár-Szilágyi Szilárd , Link Morr , Eguia Lara , Stiansen Øyvind , Onyema Emilia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ability to ensure compliance with investor-state arbitral awards is often regarded as one of the strengths of the international investment regime. Yet, there have been few systematic studies of compliance to assess the extent to which states have actually complied with adverse investor-state compensation awards. This paper presents a new dataset that enables empirical research on compliance with these decisions; it is the first publicly available dataset to focus on what happens after awards are handed down, and in this way complements other databases on international investment law. This paper explains the data collection process (and its associated challenges), discusses the design choices made in selecting inputs and variables, presents a descriptive overview of the data, and examines how variables can be used in future research. Moreover, various cases are used as illustrations of the challenges of collecting and coding data on post-award processes and we explore what missing data can tell us about compliance dynamics.
A case report and review of calcinosis cutis
Authors: Bender Tiffany , Burt Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Commonly associated with autoimmune and renal disorders, calcinosis cutis is a disorder of systemic calcium deposition in soft tissues. The pathophysiology of such deposition varies based on subtype, therefore treatment options vary not only in terms of severity of disease but also with subtype. This case report describes a 52-year-old female with systemic sclerosis and an extensive past medical history who initially presented with complaints of worsening left lower leg pain, a negative workup for deep vein thrombosis, and an extensive palpable mass in the posterior thigh with erythema, drainage, and purulence. With multiple treatment options exhausted from her autoimmune disorders, she ultimately required surgical resection for her refractory infected calcinosis cutis. Identification of calcinosis cutis subtype in conjunction with appropriate history and physical is crucial to determining indications for treatment.
On the M87 jet structure near the central engine
Authors: Beskin V S , Khalilov T I , Nokhrina E E , Pashchenko I N , Kravchenko E V 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
At present, there is no doubt that relativistic jets observed in active galactic nuclei pass from highly magnetized to weakly magnetized stage, which is observed as a break in the dependence on their width $d_{\rm jet}(z)$ on the distance z to the central engine. In this paper, we discuss the possibility of observing another break, which should be located at shorter distances. The position of this break can be associated with the region of formation of the dense central core near the jet axis which was predicted both analytically and numerically more than a decade ago, but has not yet received sufficient attention. In this case, the observed width should be determined by the dense core, and not by the total transverse size of the jet. The calculations carried out in this paper, which took into account both the transverse electromagnetic structure of the jet and the change in the spectrum of emitting particles along its axis, indeed showed such behaviour. We also found the evidence of the predicted break in the jet expansion profile using stacked 15 GHz Very Large Baseline Array (VLBA) image of M87 radio jet and constrain the light cylinder radius.
A new test of gravity – II. Application of marked correlation functions to luminous red galaxy samples
Authors: Armijo Joaquin , Baugh Carlton M , Norberg Peder , Padilla Nelson D 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
We apply the marked correlation function test proposed by Armijo et al. (Paper I) to samples of luminous red galaxies (LRGs) from the final data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III. The test assigns a density-dependent mark to galaxies in the estimation of the projected marked correlation function. Two gravity models are compared: general relativity (GR) and $f(R)$ gravity. We build mock catalogues which, by construction, reproduce the measured galaxy number density and two-point correlation function of the LRG samples, using the halo occupation distribution model (HOD). A range of HOD models give acceptable fits to the observational constraints, and this uncertainty is fed through to the error in the predicted marked correlation functions. The uncertainty from the HOD modelling is comparable to the sample variance for the SDSS-III LRG samples. Our analysis shows that current galaxy catalogues are too small for the test to distinguish a popular $f(R)$ model from GR. However, upcoming surveys with a better measured galaxy number density and smaller errors on the two-point correlation function, or a better understanding of galaxy formation, may allow our method to distinguish between viable gravity models.
EGF‐driven EGFR/miR‐27b‐3p/FOXO1 promotes rat FSH synthesis and secretion
Authors: Ma Yi‐Ran , Gao Wei , Wang Hao‐Qi , Zhao Pei‐Sen , Zhang Yu‐Xin , Wei Fan‐Hao , Jiang Hao , Zhang Jia‐Bao , Yuan Bao , Gao Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe adenopituitary secretes follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), which plays a crucial role in regulating the growth, development, and reproductive functions of organisms. Investigating the process of FSH synthesis and secretion can offer valuable insights into potential areas of focus for reproductive research. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a significant paracrine/autocrine factor within the body, and studies have demonstrated its ability to stimulate FSH secretion in animals. However, the precise mechanisms that regulate this action are still poorly understood. In this research, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by EGF induces the upregulation of miR‐27b‐3p and that miR‐27b‐3p targets and inhibits Foxo1 mRNA expression, resulting in increased FSH synthesis and secretion. In summary, this study elucidates the precise molecular mechanism through which EGF governs the synthesis and secretion of FSH via the EGFR/miR‐27b‐3p/FOXO1 pathway.
Infiltration Technique for the Fourth FDS Opponensplasty Under WALANT
Authors: Jaroenporn Woraphon , Harnboonseth Wisaroot , Vechasilp Jaruwat , Pituckanotai Kwanchai 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) is a surgical technique that relies on anesthetic and hemostatic agents to provide conditions suitable for hand surgery without sedation and a tourniquet. The opponensplasty using the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis tendon transfer with the pisiform pulley is one of the most used in severe carpal tunnel syndrome patient who is unable to perform thumb opposition due to thenar muscle atrophy with the benefit of small incision, less soft tissue dissection, easy to perform, good esthetic result and has minor morbidity. Key advantages of the pisiform pulley provide balancing abduction and flexion strength of the thumb. To date, there is no report using the WALANT technique for the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty with pisiform pulley.

Materials and Method:
Between January 2019 and January 2022, 18 patients (4 males and 14 females) with severe carpal tunnel syndrome with thenar muscle atrophy underwent fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty as day surgery under the WALANT technique. Operative data, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, and complications were recorded. All patients underwent the procedure without any complications.

Results:
The average age of the patients was 58.4 (43 to 62) year-old. The average operative time was 38.4 (17 to 47) minutes. The average VAS score during the anesthetic injection was 6.43 (4 to -8). The average VAS pain score during the operation was 2.1 (1 to 3). The mean intraoperative blood loss was 3 (2.6 to 6.2) mL.

Conclusions:
The WALANT technique is safe and can be used as alternative anesthesia for the fourth flexor digitorum superficialis opponensplasty with pisiform pulley. This technique overcomes the problem of judging the appropriate amount of transfer tension by observing awake patients actively.

Levels of Evidence:
Therapeutic study, level IV
Machine learning developed an intratumor heterogeneity signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy benefits in skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Shuai 
Published: February 2024

Background
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is defined as differences in molecular and phenotypic profiles between different tumor cells and immune cells within a tumor. ITH was involved in the cancer progression, aggressiveness, therapy resistance and cancer recurrence.

Methods
Integrative machine learning procedure including 10 methods was conducted to develop an ITH-related signature (IRS) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE54467, GSE59455 and GSE65904 cohort. Several scores, including tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score, tumor mutation burden (TMB) score and immunophenoscore (IPS), were used to evaluate the role of IRS in predicting immunotherapy benefits. Two immunotherapy datasets (GSE91061 and GSE78220) were utilized to the role of IRS in predicting immunotherapy benefits of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) patients.

Results
The optimal prognostic IRS constructed by Lasso method acted as an independent risk factor and had a stable and powerful performance in predicting the overall survival rate in SKCM, with the area under the curve of 2-, 3- and 4-year receiver operating characteristic curve being 0.722, 0.722 and 0.737 in TCGA cohort. We also constructed a nomogram and the actual 1-, 3- and 5-year survival times were highly consistent with the predicted survival times. SKCM patients with low IRS scores had a lower TIDE score, lower immune escape score and higher TMB score, higher PD1&CTLA4 IPS. Moreover, SKCM patients with low IRS scores had a lower gene sets score involved in DNA repair, angiogenesis, glycolysis, hypoxia, IL2-STAT5 signaling, MTORC1 signaling, NOTCH signaling and P53 pathway.

Conclusion
The current study constructed a novel IRS in SKCM using 10 machine learning methods. This IRS acted as an indicator for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy benefits of SKCM patients.
Evidence-Based Approach to Chronic Antibiotic Refractory Pouchitis: A Review
Authors: Weber Andrew T. , Lichtenstein Gary R. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, characterized by at least 4 weeks of pouchitis symptoms that have not responded to standard antibiotic therapy, presents a therapeutic challenge for patients and healthcare providers.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the current evidence regarding management of chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis.

DATA SOURCES:
Studies were identified through search of PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included case series, cohort studies, randomized-controlled trials, and systematic reviews with meta-analyses that addressed chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis management, with prioritization of data published within the last 3-5 years.

INTERVENTION:
Studies examining pharmacologic and select non-pharmacologic interventions were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Outcomes measures included clinical, endoscopic, and histologic endpoints.

RESULTS:
Mesalamine has demonstrated efficacy in symptom improvement but no improvement in quality of life. Budesonide has demonstrated high rates of clinical remission that have mostly been sustained in a small number of patients. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapies have demonstrated efficacy in reaching clinical and even endoscopic endpoints, although rates of treatment discontinuation were not insignificant. Limited evidence is encouraging for use of ustekinumab in achieving clinical response. Data for vedolizumab are favorable across clinical, endoscopic, and histologic endpoints, including one of the only randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Non-medication therapies including hyperbaric oxygen therapy and fecal microbiota transplant have undergone limited evaluation and concerns about ultimate accessibility of these therapies remain.

LIMITATIONS:
Overall, studies assessing therapeutic options for chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis are mostly limited to case series and retrospective studies with small sample sizes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Biologic therapies have demonstrated efficacy in the management of chronic antibiotic refractory pouchitis and offer a steroid-sparing option for refractory disease. Non-pharmacologic therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen and fecal microbiota transplant, require further exploration. See video.
Decongestion (instead of ultrafiltration?)
Authors: Schuermans Art , Verbrugge Frederik H. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
To summarize the contemporary evidence on decongestion strategies in patients with acute heart failure (AHF).

Recent findings
While loop diuretic therapy has remained the backbone of decongestive treatment in AHF, multiple randomized clinical trials suggest that early combination with other diuretic classes or molecules with diuretic properties should be considered. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors are disease-modifying drugs in heart failure that favourably influence prognosis early on, advocating their start as soon as possible in the absence of any compelling contraindications. Short-term upfront use of acetazolamide in adjunction to intravenous loop diuretic therapy relieves congestion faster, avoids diuretic resistance, and may shorten hospitalization length. Thiazide-like diuretics remain a good option to break diuretic resistance. Currently, ultrafiltration in AHF remains mainly reserved for patient with an inadequate response to pharmacological treatment.

Summary
In most patients with AHF, decongestion can be achieved effectively and safely through combination diuretic therapies. Appropriate diuretic therapy may shorten hospitalization length and improve quality of life, but has not yet proven to reduce death or heart failure readmissions. Ultrafiltration currently has a limited role in AHF, mainly as bail-out strategy, but evidence for a more upfront use remains inconclusive.