bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Protein 18 (Hp1125) Induces Dendritic Cell Maturation and Function
Authors: Rathinavelu Sivaprakash , Kao John Y. , Zavros Yana , Merchant Juanita L. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTBackground.  Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen‐presenting cells that initiate T‐cell responses. A robust adaptive Th1 immune response is crucial to an adaptive (Th2) immune response necessary for vaccine‐induced protective immunity against Helicobacter pylori. It has been shown that several outer membrane proteins (Omps) induce a robust antibody response. However, it is also known that the antibodies generated are not protective. Moreover there is great variation in the recognition of high molecular weight H. pylori proteins by sera from infected patients. In contrast to the high molecular weight proteins, serologic responses to small molecular weight proteins provide assessment of current infection with H. pylori and also of its eradication.Aim.  The goal of the study was to analyze the activation of the immune response by a specific low molecular weight Omp that is universally expressed by all H. pylori strains. Therefore, we studied interaction of H. pylori Omp18 with DCs.Methods.  Activation of murine bone marrow‐derived DCs and production of cytokines by Omp18 was assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) for costimulatory markers and ELISA, respectively. The ability of Omp18 stimulated DCs to induce lymphocyte proliferation was measured in a mixed leukocyte reaction.Results.  Omp18 induced higher expression of the B7 (CD80 and CD86) costimulatory molecule after 18 hours indicating processing and presentation of the antigen on the surface by bone marrow‐derived DCs. The maturing DCs also secreted significant levels of IL‐12, but was 4‐fold less than that stimulated by whole bacteria. Omp18‐primed DCs induced proliferation and release of IFNγ by syngeneic splenocytes.Conclusion.  We concluded that Omp18 is capable of activating DCs initiating a Th1 immune response.
Equilibrium in a Dynamic Limit Order Market
Authors: GOETTLER RONALD L. , PARLOUR CHRISTINE A. , RAJAN UDAY 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe model a dynamic limit order market as a stochastic sequential game with rational traders. Since the model is analytically intractable, we provide an algorithm based on Pakes and McGuire (2001) to find a stationary Markov‐perfect equilibrium. We then generate artificial time series and perform comparative dynamics. Conditional on a transaction, the midpoint of the quoted prices is not a good proxy for the true value. Further, transaction costs paid by market order submitters are negative on average, and negatively correlated with the effective spread. Reducing the tick size is not Pareto improving but increases total investor surplus.
The Optimal Concentration of Creditors
Authors: BRIS ARTURO , WELCH IVO 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTOur model assumes that creditors need to expend resources to collect on claims. Consequently, because diffuse creditors suffer from mutual free‐riding (Holmstrom (1982)), they fare worse than concentrated creditors (e.g., a house bank). The model predicts that measures of debt concentration relate positively to creditors' (aggregate) debt collection expenditures and positively to management's chosen expenditures to resist paying. However, collection activity is purely redistributive, so social waste is larger when creditors are concentrated. If borrower quality is not known, the best firms choose the most concentrated creditors and pay higher expected yields.
Managerial Stock Ownership and the Maturity Structure of Corporate Debt
Authors: DATTA SUDIP , ISKANDAR‐DATTA MAI , RAMAN KARTIK 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis study documents that managerial stock ownership plays an important role in determining corporate debt maturity. Controlling for previously identified determinants of debt maturity and modeling leverage and debt maturity as jointly endogenous, we document a significant and robust inverse relation between managerial stock ownership and corporate debt maturity. We also show that managerial stock ownership influences the relation between credit quality and debt maturity and between growth opportunities and debt maturity.
Methods of Payment in Asset Sales: Contracting with Equity versus Cash
Authors: SLOVIN MYRON B. , SUSHKA MARIE E. , POLONCHEK JOHN A. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe analyze intercorporate asset sales where equity is the means of payment, and compare the results to cash asset sales. Equity deals are value‐enhancing for both buyers, 10%, and sellers, 3%, while cash sales generate seller returns of 1.9% and buyer returns that are not significant. Combined wealth gains are large for equity deals, but modest for cash deals. Equity‐based asset sales are not a precursor to consolidations between buyers and sellers, and do not affect buyer openness to the takeover market. We conclude that the use of buyer equity conveys favorable information about the value of assets and buyers.
Information and Control in Ventures and Alliances
Authors: DESSEIN WOUTER 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper develops a theory of control as a signal of congruence of objectives, and applies it to financial contracting between an investor and a privately informed entrepreneur. We show that formal investor control is (i) increasing in the information asymmetries ex ante, (ii) increasing in the uncertainty surrounding the venture ex post, (iii) decreasing in the entrepreneur's resources, and (iv) increasing in the entrepreneur's incentive conflict. In contrast, real investor control—that is, actual investor interference—is decreasing in information asymmetries. Control rights are further such that control shifts to the investor in bad states of nature.
Maxillary sinus floor grafting with β‐tricalcium phosphate in humans: density and microarchitecture of the newly formed bone
Authors: Suba Zsuzsanna , Takács Daniel , Matusovits Danica , Barabás József , Fazekas András , Szabó György 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectives: Graft insertion can effectively enhance the regeneration of debilitated bone. The effects of an alloplastic bone‐replacing material, β‐tricalcium phosphate (Cerasorb), and of autogenous bone graft were compared.Materials and methods: In 17 edentulous patients, the maxillary sinus floor was extremely atrophied to such an extent that implant placement was impossible. The Schneiderian membrane was surgically elevated bilaterally by insertion of Cerasorb (experimental side) and autogenous bone graft (control side). After surgery, the recovery was followed clinically and radiologically. After 6 months, 68 bone cylinders were excised from the grafted areas and implants were inserted into their places. The bone samples were embedded into resin, and the osteointegration of the grafts was studied histologically. Trabecular bone volume (TBV) and trabecular bone pattern factor (TBPf) were quantified by histomorphometry.Results: Cerasorb proved to be an effective bone‐replacing material with osteoconductivity; it was capable of gradual disintegration, thereby providing space for the regenerating bone. The new bone density was not significantly different on the experimental and control sides (32.4±10.9% and 34.7±11.9%, respectively). However, the graft biodegradation was significantly slower on the experimental side than the control side. The TBPf value was lower on the control side than on the experimental side (−0.53±1.7 and −0.11±1.4 mm−1, respectively), but this difference was not significant.Conclusions: Six months after insertion of the grafts, the bone of the augmented sinus floor was strong and suitable for anchorage of dental implants, irrespective of whether autogenous bone or Cerasorb particles had been applied.
Human ex vivo bone tissue strains around immediately loaded implants supporting maxillary overdentures
Authors: Akça Kıvanç , Akkocaoğlu Murat , Cömert Ayhan , Tekdemir İbrahim , Çehreli Murat Cavit 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate ex vivo bone tissue strains around maxillary implants supporting immediately loaded bar‐retained overdentures.Material and methods: Ninety degree two‐element rosette strain gauges were bonded on the labial bone of four ITI® dental implants placed in the maxillary anterior region of four completely edentulous maxilla of fresh human cadavers. The installation torque value (ITV) of each implant was measured by a custom‐made torque wrench and resonance frequency analyses (RFAs) were undertaken. A bar‐retained overdenture was fabricated for each cadaver, and two miniature load cells were integrated in the first molar region of the overdentures for controlled loading experiments. Strain measurements were performed at a sample rate of 10 kHz and under a maximum load of 100 N, simultaneously monitored from a computer connected to a data acquisition system. Finally, removal torque values (RTVs) of the implants were measured.Results: RFA values did not mirror ITVs, while RTVs of implants were slightly lower than the ITVs. Any correlation could not be obtained between RFA values and ITVs or RTVs. Maximum strains around loaded implants ranged between −100 and −550 μɛ under 25–100 N. The axial and lateral strain values of posterior implants of both sides were higher than those of anterior implants under all loads (P<0.05).Conclusion: Because occlusal forces in humans tend to decrease because of age‐related factors, maximum strains around immediately loaded implants supporting maxillary overdentures fall within physiologic levels.
A distinguishable observation between survival and success rate outcome of hydroxyapatite‐coated implants in 5–10 years in function
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Carmeli Guy , Kozlovsky Avital 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurpose: To differentiate between the survival and success definitions of functional hydroxyapatite (HA)‐coated implant prosthesis.Methods: A total of 248 implants (62 patients), 5–10 years in function, were evaluated. The implant distribution length was 8 mm (6.5%), 10 mm (29.4%), 13 mm (30.2%) and 15 mm (33.9%). The diameter was 3.25 mm (60.1%) and 4 mm (39.9%). Probing depth (PD), gingival index (GI), height of keratinized mucosa (KM) and recession (REC) were measured. Periapical radiographs were taken to estimate the amount of crestal bone resorption (BL), mesially and distally, with the aid of a millimetric‐scaled magnifying glass (× 8). Only implants that fulfilled the success rate criteria were considered as successful. All other functional implants were assigned to the non‐successful group. All functional implant prostheses were defined as survival ones.Results: The accumulative survival rate after 5 and 10 years was 94.4% and 92.8%, respectively. Accumulative success rates were 89.9% and 54%, respectively. Implants 13 and 15 mm in length (97.9% and 96.4%, respectively) had the highest survival rate, which was higher over implants 8 and 10 mm in length (75%, P<0.01 and 88.2%, respectively). The survival rate of 4 mm diameter implants compared with 3.25 mm was 96.5% and 90.3%, respectively (P=0.019). The average BL was 1.7, 0.92 and 2.79 mm for the survival, successful and non‐successful defined implant groups. PD was 3.26, 2.79 and 4 mm and GI was 0.96, 0.75 and 1.57, respectively. These measurements were statistically different between implant groups. KM and REC measurements showed similar scoring for all groups. A correlation was shown between successful and non‐successful implants on the score of GI and PD (P<0.001 in both).Conclusion: A distinguishable observation between survival and success rate was noted particularly in long‐term observations. Implant length and diameter have an influence on the survival rate. Clinical parameter scores expressed an influence on the defined implant status.
Association of MHC class I chain related gene‐A microsatellite polymorphism with the susceptibility to T1DM and LADA in Czech adult patients
Authors: Novota P. , Kolostova K. , Pinterova D. , Novak J. , Weber P. , Treslova L. , Kovar J. , Andel M. , Cerna M. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryThe results in this study suggest that microsatellite polymorphism within the transmembrane region of MIC‐A gene is associated with genetic susceptibility to adult‐onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), MIC‐A5.1 allele, corrected P = 0.001, whereas it is not associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in Czech population. According to our findings, we can hypothesize that adult‐onset T1DM and LADA may have partly different immunogenetic aetiopathogenesis.
A case–control study of tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN22) confirms the lack of association with Crohn's disease
Authors: Wagenleiter S. E. N. , Klein W. , Griga T. , Schmiegel W. , Epplen J. T. , Jagiello P. 
Published: September 2005

SummaryIn Crohn's disease (CD), the whole gastrointestinal tract can be affected by discontinuous and transmural inflammation. The terminal ileum and colon are especially prone to inflammation that comprises granulomata and later intestinal and perianal fistulas. Genome‐wide linkage and epidemiological studies established genetic predisposition factors to CD.Recently, a variation of the intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor‐type 22 (PTPN22) was associated with several autoimmune diseases. Here, we analysed the functionally relevant polymorphism R620W (rs 2476601) of the PTPN22 gene in 146 patients suffering from CD using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. This study revealed evidence that PTPN22 variation may have no influence in the genetic predisposition to CD, at least not in another well‐characterized Caucasian cohort.
A radial velocity survey of low Galactic latitude structures – II. The Monoceros Ring behind the Canis Major dwarf galaxy
Authors: Conn Blair C. , Martin Nicolas F. , Lewis Geraint F. , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Bellazzini Michele , Irwin Mike J. 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
An AAT/2dF Spectrograph Survey of low Galactic latitudes targeting the putative Canis Major dwarf galaxy and the (possibly) associated tidal debris of stars known as the Monoceros Ring, covering Galactic coordinates and , has revealed the presence of the Monoceros Ring in the background of the Canis Major dwarf galaxy. This detection resides at a Galactocentric distance of ∼18.9 ± 0.3 kpc (13.5 ± 0.3 kpc heliocentric), exhibiting a velocity of ∼132.8 ± 1.3kms−1 with a dispersion of ∼22.7 ± 1.7kms−1, both of these comparable to previous measurements of the Monoceros Ring in nearby fields. This detection highlights the increasing complexity of structure being revealed in recent surveys of the Milky Way thick disc and halo.
The progenitor of SN 2005cs in the Whirlpool Galaxy
Authors: Maund Justyn R. , Smartt Stephen J. , Danziger I. John 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The progenitor of SN 2005cs, in the galaxy M51, is identified in pre-explosion Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Wide Field Channel (WFC) imaging. Differential astrometry, with post-explosion ACS High Resolution Channel (HRC) F555W images, permitted the identification of the progenitor with an accuracy of 0.006 arcsec. The progenitor was detected in the F814W pre-explosion image with I= 23.3 ± 0.2, but was below the detection thresholds of the F435W and F555W images, with B &lt; 24.8 and V &lt; 25 at 5σ. Limits were also placed on the U- and R-band fluxes of the progenitor from pre-explosion HST Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) F336W and F675W images. Deep images in the infrared from the Near Infra-red Imager (NIRI) on the Gemini North Telescope were taken 2 months prior to explosion, but the progenitor is not clearly detected on these. The upper limits for the JHK magnitudes of the progenitor were J &lt; 21.9, H &lt; 21.1 and K &lt; 20.7. Despite having a detection in only one band, a restrictive spectral energy distribution of the progenitor star can be constructed and a robust case is made that the progenitor was a red supergiant with spectral type between mid-K and late-M. The spectral energy distribution allows a region in the theoretical Hertzsprung–Russell diagram to be determined that must contain the progenitor star. The initial mass of the star is constrained to be MZAMS= 9+3−2M⊙, which is very similar to the identified progenitor of the Type II-P SN 2003gd, and also consistent with upper mass limits placed on five other similar supernovae. The upper limit in the deep K-band image is significant in that it allows us to rule out the possibility that the progenitor was a significantly higher mass object enshrouded in a dust cocoon before core collapse. This is further evidence that the trend for Type II-P supernovae to arise in low- to moderate-mass red supergiants is real.
Relation between policies and work related assault: Minnesota Nurses’ Study
Authors: Nachreiner N M , Gerberich S G , McGovern P M , Church T R , Hansen H E , Geisser M S , Ryan A D 
Published: September 2005

Aims:To assess the relation between violence prevention policies and work related assault.Methods:From Phase 1 of the Minnesota Nurses’ Study, a population based survey of 6300 Minnesota nurses (response 79%), 13.2% reported experiencing work related physical assault in the past year. In Phase 2, a case-control study, 1900 nurses (response 75%) were questioned about exposures relevant to violence, including eight work related violence prevention policy items. A comprehensive causal model served as a basis for survey design, analyses, and interpretation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for potential exposure misclassification and the presence of an unmeasured confounder.Results:Results of multiple regression analyses, controlling for appropriate factors, indicated that the odds of physical assault decreased for having a zero tolerance policy (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8) and having policies regarding types of prohibited violent behaviours (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.9). Analyses adjusted for non-response and non-selection resulted in wider confidence intervals, but no substantial change in effect estimates.Conclusions:It appears that some work related violence policies may be protective for the population of Minnesota nurses.
The lagged effect of cold temperature and wind chill on cardiorespiratory mortality in Scotland
Authors: Carder M , McNamee R , Beverland I , Elton R , Cohen G R , Boyd J , Agius R M 
Published: September 2005

Aims:To investigate the lagged effects of cold temperature on cardiorespiratory mortality and to determine whether “wind chill” is a better predictor of these effects than “dry bulb” temperature.Methods:Generalised linear Poisson regression models were used to investigate the relation between mortality and “dry bulb” and “wind chill” temperatures in the three largest Scottish cities (Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Aberdeen) between January 1981 and December 2001. Effects of temperature on mortality (lags up to one month) were quantified. Analyses were conducted for the whole year and by season (cool and warm seasons).Main results:Temperature was a significant predictor of mortality with the strongest association observed between temperature and respiratory mortality. There was a non-linear association between mortality and temperature. Mortality increased as temperatures fell throughout the range, but the rate of increase was steeper at temperatures below 11°C. The association between temperature and mortality persisted at lag periods beyond two weeks but the effect size generally decreased with increasing lag. For temperatures below 11°C, a 1°C drop in the daytime mean temperature on any one day was associated with an increase in mortality of 2.9% (95% CI 2.5 to 3.4), 3.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 4.1), 4.8% (95% CI 3.5 to 6.2) and 1.7% (95% CI 1.0 to 2.4) over the following month for all cause, cardiovascular, respiratory, and “other” cause mortality respectively. The effect of temperature on mortality was not observed to be significantly modified by season. There was little indication that “wind chill” temperature was a better predictor of mortality than “dry bulb” temperature.Conclusions:Exposure to cold temperature is an important public health problem in Scotland, particularly for those dying from respiratory disease.
The precision of longitudinal lung function measurements: monitoring and interpretation
Authors: Hnizdo E , Yu L , Freyder L , Attfield M , Lefante J , Glindmeyer H W 
Published: September 2005

Background:The efficacy of decision making based on longitudinal spirometric measurements depends critically on the precision of the available data, which is determined by the magnitude of the within-person variation.Aims:Firstly, to describe and investigate two statistical methods—a pairwise estimate of within-person standard deviationspand the reliability coefficientG—for use in the monitoring of precision of longitudinal measurements of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Secondly, to investigate the effect of longitudinal data precision on the detectable excess rate of decline in FEV1.Methods:The authors “monitored” retrospectively on a yearly basis the magnitude of the within-person variationspand the coefficientGin 11 workplace based spirometric monitoring programmes conducted from 1987 to 2001 on 12 729 workers in various industrial plants.Results:The plant-specific mean values s̄p(range 122–166 ml) and Ḡ (range 0.88–0.95), averaged over all years of follow up, correlated well with the plant-specific within-person standard deviationsr(range 130–177 ml) estimated from all longitudinal data. The correlations were 0.90 for s̄pand 0.68 for Ḡ. The average precision of the longitudinal FEV1 measurements affected the duration of follow up needed to identify a “true” excess rate of decline in FEV1 in an individual.Conclusions:The results show that monitoring of longitudinal spirometry data precision (1) allows that data precision can be improved or maintained at levels that allow individuals with a rapid decline to be identified at an earlier age; and (2) attaches a measure of precision to the data on which decision making is based.