bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a group‐based exercise program on the mood state of frail older women after discharge from hospital
Authors: Timonen L. , Rantanen T. , Timonen T. E. , Sulkava R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundOlder people with somatic illnesses are at increased risk of depression. It is not known whether exercise alleviates depressive symptoms in frail, very old people recuperating from an acute illness.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of a group‐based exercise training program on mood.MethodsSixty‐eight women (mean age 83.0, SD 3.9 years) who were hospitalized due to an acute illness, and were mobility impaired at admission, were randomized into group‐based 10‐week strength training intervention (N=34) and home exercise control (N=34) groups. Twenty‐four women in the training and 28 in the control group completed the follow‐up. Measures of mood state with the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) were performed before and after the training intervention, and follow‐up data was collected 3 and 9 months after the end of the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, there was a significant improvement in mood in the intervention group compared to the home exercise control group: −3.1 (SD 9.0) points vs +1.3 (SD 7.6) points (p=0.048) and the positive effect was still apparent three months after the intervention ceased: −2.6 (SD 7.7) points vs +3.5 (SD 9.7) points (p=0.015). Improvement of mood state at the first follow‐up measurement was associated with the improvement in lower limb isometric muscle strength.ConclusionsGroup‐based exercise program organized in the context of a Finnish health care organization improved mood in frail older women recuperating from an acute illness. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Double blind randomised placebo controlled trial of low dose melatonin for sleep disorders in dementia
Authors: Serfaty Marc , Kennell‐Webb Sandra , Warner James , Blizard Robert , Raven Peter 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundDisturbance of sleep is common in individuals with dementia where there may be reversal of the sleep‐wake cycle. People with dementia of the Alzheimer's type have melatonin secretion rhythm disorders. There is some evidence that treatment with exogenous melatonin is an effective treatment for sleep disturbance associated with dementia. A randomised double blind placebo controlled cross over trial was undertaken to test the hypothesis that slow release exogenous melatonin 6 mg improves sleep for people with dementia.MethodsForty‐four participants with DSM‐IV diagnoses of dementia with sleep disturbance were selected for a seven week randomised double blind cross over trial of slow release melatonin 6 mg versus placebo. Sleep parameters were objectively measured using wrist actigraphy.ResultsTwenty‐five out of 44 completed the trial. Sleep was significantly disturbed in the sample population. Melatonin had no effect on median total time asleep (n=25,z=1.35,p=0.18), number of awakenings (n=25,z=0.32,p=0.75) or sleep efficiency (n=25,z=0.17,p=0.24). Nor were there any carry over effects from melatonin.ConclusionsContrary to previous findings, we found no evidence that two weeks of exogenous melatonin is effective in improving sleep in people with dementia, although possible benefits of melatonin following longer periods of administration cannot be discounted. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Memory clinics and clinical governance—a UK perspective
Authors: Phipps Andrew J. , O'Brien John T. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundMemory clinics have developed using a range of service models but providing similar functions which include assessment, information, treatment monitoring, education, training and research. Memory clinic development is now taking place in the UK in the context of clinical governance and the drive for quality improvement. At a strategic level this process is driven by the National Service Framework for Older People and the National Institute for Clinical Excellence.MethodsThe literature describing quality issues in memory clinics is reviewed against a multi‐dimensional framework for assessing quality standards.Results and ConclusionsThe rationing of health care, both explicit and implicit, is discussed in view of limited capacity and financial resources of the National Health Service and the significance of this in determining quality standards is highlighted. The authors offer a generic quality specification for memory clinic development, using mild cognitive impairment as an illustration of the quality standards that might be achieved and clinical governance systems that must be present to drive forward continuous quality improvement. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When a little knowledge is a dangerous thing…: a study of carers' knowledge about dementia, preferred coping style and psychological distress
Authors: Proctor Rebekah , Martin Carol , Hewison Jenny 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to improve understanding of the relationship between carers' existing knowledge about dementia, their coping style and psychological morbidity.MethodFifty carers and patients attending day services were recruited. Carers were given questionnaires to assess knowledge of dementia, preferred coping style, anxiety, depression and strain.ResultsThe results indicated that carers who demonstrated more knowledge about the biomedical aspects of dementia were more anxious (p < 0.05). Furthermore, carers who had a preferred coping style of monitoring for threat relevant information were more anxious (p < 0.005).ConclusionsUnderstanding more about those factors that are associated with knowledge about dementia will help to identify profiles of carers who are in need of education and in matching individually tailored interventions to carers with specific learning needs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of personality, affectivity, and work commitment on motivation to improve work through learning
Authors: Naquin Sharon S. , Holton Elwood F. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study examined the degree to which the dimensions from the Five‐Factor Model of personality,
affectivity, and work commitment (including work ethic, job involvement, affective commitment, and
continuance commitment) influenced motivation to improve work through learning. Data were obtained from a
nonrandom sample of 239 private‐sector employees who were participants of in‐house training
programs. The hypothesized causal relationships were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings
indicated that these dispositional effects were significant antecedents of motivation to improve work through
learning. Specifically, 57 percent of the variance in motivation to improve work through learning was explained
by positive affectivity, work commitment, and extraversion.
Differences in international human resource development among indigenous firms and multinational affiliates in East and Southeast Asia
Authors: Bartlett Kenneth R. , Lawler John J. , Bae Johngseok , Chen Shyh‐jer , Wan David 
Published: December 2002

AbstractShort‐term training and long‐term HRD practices are examined in this study of nearly four hundred
firms, including affiliates of multinational corporations and indigenous companies in East and Southeast Asia. The
study extends existing international HRD literature to examine the training and development of nonmanagerial
host‐country nationals employed in these firms. Empirical findings show links between HRD and multinational
home country, with U.S.‐owned firms engaging in relatively higher levels of HRD activity. Significant
relationships were also observed between the firm's strategic human resource orientation and the types and
levels of HRD activity. Several hypotheses rooted in the HRD literature were tested.
The relationship between workplace learning and job satisfaction in U.S. small to midsize businesses
Authors: Rowden Robert W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAlthough much attention is given to HRD in firms of Fortune 500 size, little is known about the extent of
workplace learning in small to midsize businesses. Yet small businesses are playing an increasingly important role
in the world economy and are critical to the well‐being of the U.S. economy. Furthermore, workers in small
businesses generally indicate higher job satisfaction than those in large organizations. This study measures the
extent of workplace learning in small to midsize businesses, delineates the level of job satisfaction in these
businesses, and examines the relationship between workplace learning and job satisfaction.
The relative impact of workplace design on training transfer
Authors: Kupritz Virginia W. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe study investigated worker perceptions of the relative impact of workplace design on training transfer.
Although HRD research recognizes the influence of organizational context on worker ability and opportunity to
transfer, the physical environment has been overlooked. This study applied environment and behavior research to
human resource development needs in an examination of workplace design. Taking an ethnographic approach, the study
found cumulative frequencies for elicited responses about organizational factors were highest for workplace design
perceived to impede transfer and second highest for workplace design perceived to facilitate transfer. Further, of
the individual attributes per organizational factor, workplace design features that did not support privacy needs
were elicited most often as impeding transfer.
The emerging external labor market and the impact on enterprise's human resource development in China
Authors: Benson John , Zhu Ying 
Published: December 2002

AbstractChina has undergone substantial restructuring at both the macroeconomic and the enterprise level, and its
admission into the World Trade Organization in 2001 provided further impetus to the reform process. Global
competition and a reconsideration of national human resource policies have underpinned much of this reform and
have led to an emerging external labor market. Little research, however, has been undertaken on this labor
market and its impact on human resource development. This study examines human resource development choices to
recruit externally or train internally. This “buy or make” decision is explored in businesses in
Beijing and Shanghai, cities that represent the more developed regions of China and provide an indication of
future trends. The article concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the research and
suggestions for future research.
The effects of network groups on minority employee turnover intentions
Authors: Friedman Raymond A. , Holtom Brooks 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCompanies in the United States are concerned with retaining minority employees to maintain or increase the
diversity of their workforce. Here we assess the value of one approach companies have used to retain minority
employees: “network” groups. Based on data obtained from a large company with extensive network
groups, this study compares the turnover intentions of minority employees who have joined one of the
company's network groups to those who have not joined one of the company's network groups. The data
show that employee network groups can be useful in helping companies retain managerial‐level minority
employees. Extensive recommendations are provided to help organizations maximize the effectiveness of network
groups. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using profit sharing to enhance employee attitudes: A longitudinal examination of the effects on trust and commitment
Authors: Coyle‐Shapiro Jacqueline A‐M. , Morrow Paula C. , Richardson Ray , Dunn Stephen R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe ability of profit sharing to increase organizational performance via positive changes in employee attitudes
has yielded mixed results. Drawing on principal agent, expectancy, and organizational justice theories, we assess
how perceptions of profit sharing (capacity for individual contribution and organizational reciprocity)
alter organizational commitment and trust in management using longitudinal data provided by 141 engineering
employees. Favorable perceptions of profit sharing served to increase organizational commitment while only
organizational reciprocity predicted trust in management. The relationship between organizational reciprocity and
commitment was partially mediated by trust in management. Implications for the design of profit sharing
initiatives are noted. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The management of people across cultures: Valuing people differently
Authors: Jackson Terence 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEthnocentric and parochial human resource systems have been called into question as obstacles to
globalization. This is addressed here by examining the way value is attached to people in organizations across
cultures. Western managers and HR practitioners who work with affiliates in non‐Western emerging
countries should particularly be aware of differences in “locus of human value.” Policies and
practices developed in the West along instrumental lines see people primarily as a means to an end. This may be
directly opposed to a humanistic view of human value that sees people as having a value in themselves. To
provide support for these assumptions, an exploratory study across seven nations was carried out. Its findings
indicate potentially important implications for global HRM policies and practices. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
How HR measures support risk management: The Deutsche bank example
Authors: Fischer Heinz , Mittorp Klaus D. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractAre there concrete examples of how the “soft” HR factors can be made tangible and, what's more,
meaningful to the business? In this article we give an answer to this frequently asked question. We show how
Deutsche Bank's HR function consistently developed the range of employee surveying instruments to become
pivotal to the Group's success. This is part of a wider effort in recent years to achieve a change of direction
for the HR function, making it a strategic partner to the business. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating a company‐wide, on‐line, performance management system: A case study at TRW Inc.
Authors: Neary D. Bradford 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWhen new company leadership took the helm in 2001, TRW sought to create systems that supported what was, in
essence, a cultural revolution—a new culture driven by six company‐wide “Behaviors.”
Impeding this revolution, however, were the countless systems and methods for evaluating and managing the
development of TRW's nearly 100,000 employees. The senior Management Committee challenged TRW's human
resources function to create a common, on‐line, company‐wide system that supports performance
appraisal, professional development, and succession management. A cross‐disciplinary and
cross‐business team led by the Director of Leadership Development created a uniform Web‐based
system in four short months. This system is now in place company‐wide in 36 countries on five
continents. The approach we took and the success we have enjoyed can be replicated by other organizations
seeking a uniform and effective way to evaluate and develop employees. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of the novel role of pRB in eye cancer
Authors: Lai Hong , Ma Fangchao , Lai Shenghan 
Published: December 2002

AbstractCancer of the eye, though relatively rare, can involve multiple areas. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in children, with 3–7 cases per million people per year worldwide. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults, predominately in whites, with annual incidence of six per million people in the United States and Europe. Despite the rarity of retinoblastoma, Knudson's two‐hit hypothesis to explain its genesis was substantiated by elegant genetic studies and is viewed as a turning point in cancer research. pRB plays an important role in cell cycle and apoptosis, performing its function through interaction with transcription factors, p53, and MDM2. Unfortunately, advances in eye cancer treatment have not paralleled those in treatment of other sites of cancer. In spite of higher accuracy in early diagnosis, eye‐cancer‐specific mortalities have remained unchanged for decades, while overall cancer mortality rates have dramatically declined. An extensive literature search revealed that, except for retinoblastoma, few investigations had been done on the pRB pathway in eye cancers even though altered pRB expression has been associated with a number of cancers. Early detection of eye cancer is critical for the prognosis of both vision and survival. Mutation analysis should become an integral part of future management of patients with eye cancer. Characterization of the mutational pattern of RB1 is crucial in identifying predisposition for cancer of many sites including the eye. Furthermore, cost‐effective and efficient genetic mutation screen testing methods, which can be used to categorize mutant RB1 carriers, are needed. Illumination of genetic insights can guide clinicians to develop a rational strategy for cancer treatment and help predict prognosis in cancer patients. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lysyl oxidase oxidizes basic fibroblast growth factor and inactivates its mitogenic potential
Authors: Li Wande , Nugent Matthew A. , Zhao Yinzhi , Chau Anne N. , Li Sandy J. , Chou Iih‐Nan , Liu Guanmei , Kagan Herbert M. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractLysyl oxidase (LO) plays a central role in the crosslinking of collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. Here we demonstrate that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a polypeptide which regulates proliferation, differentiation, and migration of a variety of cell types, is a substrate of LO. The oxidation of lysine residues in bFGF by LO resulted in the covalent crosslinking of bFGF monomers to form dimers and higher order oligomers and dramatically altered its biological properties. Both the mitogenic potential and the nuclear localization of bFGF were markedly inhibited in the Swiss 3T3 cells upon its oxidation by LO. NIH 3T3 IgBNM 6‐1 cells (6‐1 cells) overexpress bFGF which participates in an autocrine mechanism accounting for the transformation of these cells into a tumorigenic state. Exposure of the 6‐1 cells to nanomolar concentrations of LO in culture oxidized lysine and generated crosslinkages in bFGF within the cell and markedly reduced proliferative rates. The lack of LO expression has been correlated with hyperproliferative cell growth, while this enzyme has been identified as a suppressor of ras‐induced tumorigenesis. The present results illustrate a mechanism by which LO can depress normal and transformed cell growth. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase C ζ nuclear translocation mediates the occurrence of radioresistance in friend erythroleukemia cells
Authors: Cataldi A. , Centurione L. , Di Pietro R. , Rapino M. , Bosco D. , Grifone G. , Garaci F. , Rana R. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractFriend erythroleukemia cells require high doses (15 Gy) of ionizing radiation to display a reduced rate of proliferation and an increased number of dead cells. Since ionizing radiation can activate several signaling pathways at the plasma membrane which can lead to the nuclear translocation of a number of proteins, we looked at the intranuclear signaling system activated by Protein Kinases C, being this family of enzymes involved in the regulation of cell growth and death. Our results show an early and dose‐dependent increased activity of ζ and ε isoforms, although PKC ζ is the only isoform significantly active and translocated into the nuclear compartment upon low (1.5 Gy) and high (15 Gy) radiation doses. These observations are concomitant and consistent with an increase in the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 level upon both radiation doses. Our results point at the involvement of the PKC pathway in the survival response to ionizing radiation of this peculiar cell line, offering PKC ζ for consideration as a possible target of pharmacological treatments aimed at amplifying the effect of such a genotoxic agent. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
P53 licensed to kill? Operating the assassin
Authors: Haupt Susan , Louria‐Hayon Igal , Haupt Ygal 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe p53 protein is a key player in the cellular response to stress. Proper regulation of p53 is imperative for the suppression of tumor development. This regulation is largely governed by its master inhibitor, Mdm2, which both blocks p53 activities and promotes its destabilization. This tight regulation of p53 by Mdm2 must be interrupted under stress conditions in order for p53 to be stabilized in an active form. A combined action of partner proteins and modifying enzymes is essential for the relief of p53 from Mdm2. The recent revelation of p53 association with the PML‐nuclear bodies provides one explanation of how this regulatory network is coordinated within the nucleus in response to certain stress conditions. Thus, it is not only the nature of the p53 regulatory complex but also the spatial and temporal context of this association that governs the output inhibitory signals mediated by p53. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PTEN regulation of neural development and CNS stem cells
Authors: Li Li , Liu Fenghua , Ross Alonzo H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractEven though phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositols by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) has an important and pervasive role in the nervous system, there is little known about the phosphatases that reverse this reaction. Such a phosphatase, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), was cloned as a tumor suppressor for gliomas. PTEN is expressed in most, if not all, neurons and is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recently, a series of papers using PTEN conditional knockouts has greatly extended our knowledge of PTEN's role during development. Loss of PTEN results in disorganization of the brain, probably due to a flaw in cell migration. In addition, there is a gradual increase in the size of neuronal soma, mimicking Lhermitte‐Duclos disease. Recent experiments in our laboratory with adult PTEN +/− mice demonstrate that PTEN regulates migration of precursor cells in the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb. We also found that PTEN haploinsufficiency can protect precursor cells from apoptosis in response to oxidative stress. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that PTEN does much more than suppressing tumors. It is a master regulator in developing and adult brain. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.