bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of an exercise program, in addition to diet, to avoid insulin prescription in women with gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boulvain Michel , Othenin-Girard Véronique , Jornayvaz François R. , Kayser Bengt 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an exercise intervention, in addition to usual care, to prevent or delay insulin prescription in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Design: Randomised controlled trial
Setting: University hospital
Population: Women at 25-35 weeks pregnancy upon diagnosis of GDM.
Methods: In the intervention arm, women had weekly, supervised, 30-45 min long exercise sessions and were encouraged to accumulate more than 5000 steps per day, monitored by a pedometer, in addition to usual care. Women in the control group had usual care only.
Main outcome measure: Insulin prescription.
Results: From February 2008 through April 2013, 109 women were randomized into intervention (n=57) or usual care (n=52). Two women, both in the intervention group, were excluded from the analysis (one randomised in error and one lost to follow-up). Six women never attended the exercise sessions and two women participated to less than two sessions, while two-third of women were considered as compliant to the intervention. Incidence of insulin prescription was not significantly different between groups: 31 (56%) in the intervention and 24 (46%) in the control group (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.78); the median time between randomization and insulin prescription was not different between groups (14 and 13 days, respectively).
Conclusion: We were unable to show that an exercise program reduces or delays insulin prescription. Low compliance with the intervention, small sample size and the short duration of the program may explain the apparent lack of benefit.
Registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03174340, 02/06/2017.
Protocol for the development and validation of a Polypharmacy Assessment Score for potentially problematic polypharmacy
Authors: Tsang Jung Yin , Sperrin Matthew , Blakeman Thomas , Payne Rupert , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
An increasing number of people are using multiple medications each day, named polypharmacy. This is driven by an ageing population, increasing multimorbidity, and single disease focussed guidelines. Medications carry obvious benefits, yet problematic polypharmacy is linked to adverse consequences including adverse drug events, drug-drug and drug-disease interactions, poor patient experience and wasted resources. There is a need to improve how we identify and evaluate these patients.
Aim
To produce a clinically representative PolypharmacyAssessment Score that can be implemented in practice to improve how we identify and evaluate people with potentially problematic polypharmacy
Methods
Analyses will be performed in three parts:
1. A regression model will explore predictors of polypharmacy and inform the development of a “Polypharmacy Assessment Score”. This will be constructed through calculating the discrepancies between the observed and expected count of prescribed medications, given an individual’s age, gender and clinical diagnoses, thereby highlighting people that have unexpected levels of prescribing and thus identifying potentially problematic polypharmacy.
Parts 2 and 3 will examine different aspects of validity of the Polypharmacy Assessment Score:
2. To assess ‘construct validity’ of the score, cross-sectional analyses will evaluate high-risk prescribing (using both explicit and implicit measures of inappropriate prescribing) within populations with a range of different Polypharmacy Assessment Scores
3. To assess ‘predictive validity’ of the score, a retrospective cohort study will explore differences in clinical outcomes (adverse drug reactions, unplanned hospitalisation and all-cause mortality) between differing scores.
Discussion
Developing a robust and cross-cutting measure of polypharmacy has the potential to empower healthcare professionals to provide more effective and tailored care to patients with complex medication needs and better health outcomes. Our novel approach to producing a Polypharmacy Assessment Score uses unusual levels of prescribing to provide an indication of patients who may be at higher risk of potentially problematic polypharmacy.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae detections in Children with lower respiratory infection before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a large sample study in China from 2019-2022
Authors: Qiu WeiLing , Ding Jiaying , Zhang Homgmei , Huang Shumin , Huang Zuowei , Lin Ming , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Zhimin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented to reduce the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also suppressed the spread the other respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological trend and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection among inpatient children with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) before and during COVID-19 pandemic, and to investigate the long-term effects of the China’s NPIs against COVID-19 on the epidemiology of MP among inpatient children with LRTI.
Methods
Common respiratory pathogens were detected in hospitalized children due to LRTI at the Department of pulmonology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine(Hangzhou, China) from January 2019 to December 2022. All respiratory specimens were tested for seven common viruses, Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP), Chlamydia trachomatis༈CT༉and bacteria. The clinical data of age, gender, season of onset, disease spectrum and combined infection in children with MP induced LRTI in the past 4 years were collected and analyzed.
Results
A total of 15909 patients were enrolled, and MP positive cases were 1971(34.0%), 73(2.4%), 176(5.8%), 952(20.6%) in 2019, 2020, 2021,2022, respectively, with a significant statistical difference of the MP positive rate among the 4 years(p < 0.001). The median age of these children was pre-school age (> 3y, ≤ 6y), except for 2022 when they were in school age (> 6y, ≤ 12y), with statistical differences. In term of the seasonal distribution, children of LRTI with MP infection were admitted mostly in summer and autumn, while in 2020, most of them were admitted in winter and spring. The number of cases reached a peak in August 2019, remained a low level from 2020 to 2021, and rebounded until 2022. In terms of disease spectrum composition, severe pneumonia accounted for the highest proportion༈46.3%༉ before the epidemic, and it accounted for the lowest༈0%༉in 2020.
Conclusion
The collection of MP detections in LRTI children shows correlation between COVID-19 NPIs and significantly reduced detection numbers. The positive rate of MP basically recovered after two years, while the susceptible population and epidemic season showed some differences compared to that before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Carbon farming in the Living Soils of the Americas
Authors: Cerri Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Villela João Marcos , Locatelli Jorge Luiz , Carvalho Martha Lustosa , Villarreal Federico , Mello Francisco Fujita Castro , Lal Rattan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Soil represents Earth's largest terrestrial reservoir of carbon (C) and is an important sink of C from the atmosphere. It remains unclear to which extent the inclusion of best management practices (BMPs) can contribute to increasing soil C sequestration in large-scale agrosystems. Solving the lack of soil C references can also allow the implementation of the C market, envisioned by the Paris Agreement. This study brings an overview of thousands of research articles and reveals that upscaling BMPs over 30% of the agricultural area (334 Mha) of the Americas would promote a soil C sequestration of 13.3 (± 7.30) Pg CO2eq in 20 years, offsetting ~ 39% of agricultural emissions in the same period. These results suggest that BMPs have great potential for C removal from the atmosphere and represent a positive impact in terms of climate change mitigation and adaptation, combatting land degradation, and promoting food security.
You better run: macroevolutionary study reveals the differentiated impacts/constraints of mechanics, physics, and history in ruminants’ ankle bone
Authors: Mennecart Bastien , Orgebin Pierre , Dziomber Ilya Laura , Aiglstorfer Manuela 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The astragalus is a hinged bony organ common to many tetrapods. Its morphology is constrained by several factors: allometry, environment, and phylogeny. Morphological features connected to these factors are discussed here for one of the most successful large mammal groups today, for ruminants. 3D Geometric morphometrics not only confirms previous linear measurements but also identifies other areas that were previously undetected by biometrics data. The relative height of the distal trochlea is influenced by the body mass. The functional length of the astragalus and certain articular and ligament insertion surfaces are influenced by the preferred mode of locomotion and thus represent habitat. Clade-specific characters were identified in this study. Cervidae have a more “bean-shaped” distal facet (articulation surface to calcaneus) while Bovidae have an “egg-shaped” one. These zones do not seem to have been affected by the previous constraints. Neutral and random evolution can take place on these structures and provide essential information for phylogeny. These new data can complement the character matrices used in cladistics.
Use of medications to treat inflammatory bowel diseases before and during pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: an observational study using the claims-based MAMA cohort.
Authors: Gerbier Eva , Dupuis Marc , Baggio Stéphanie , Oppliger Byron , Kandhasamy Sreemanjari , Favre Guillaume , Maisonneuve Emeline , Winterfeld Ursula , Schmid Christian P.R , Legardeur Helene , Ceulemans Michael , Baud David , Spoendlin Julia , Panchaud Alice 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background: Effective management of Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) before and during pregnancy is crucial as women with well-controlled IBD at conception tend to remain in remission throughout pregnancy, experiencing outcomes similar to women without IBD. Most IBD medications are considered safe during pregnancy, except for methotrexate. Despite reassuring data, previous studies have highlighted that women often have negative perceptions and fears related to IBD medications, leading to poor adherence. There is a lack of data regarding how IBD is treated before and during pregnancy in Switzerland.
We aimed to assess the prevalence and usage patterns of various IBD medications in Switzerland before and during pregnancy over time.
Methods: A descriptive study using the MAMA cohort based on Swiss health insurance claims from 2012 to 2019. We identified pregnancies with a pharmaceutical cost group (PCG) indicating IBD and at least one prescribed IBD medication before pregnancy. We defined three groups based on dispensation timing: continuers (dispensation in pre-pregnancy and in or after trimester 2), switchers (different dispensation between pre-pregnancy and in or after trimester 2), and discontinuers (dispensation in pre-pregnancy but no dispensation in or after trimester 2).
Results: Among 104,098 deliveries, 0.3% had a PCG code for IBD with an IBD medication dispensed in pre-pregnancy. Over half of these pregnancies were exposed to Aminosalicylates, with a consistent proportion over time. Pregnancies exposed to biologics increased over time, while immunosuppressant use remained steady. Roughly one-third with IBD medication before pregnancy discontinued treatment, a consistent rate throughout the study.
Conclusions: Aminosalicylates were the most prescribed medication to treat IBD despite the lack of evidence to support their use as first-line therapy. The increase in biologics' prescriptions likely reflects the growing evidence on the safety of these medications during pregnancy. One in three women discontinued all treatment during pregnancy, with a stable proportion over time. It is not known whether women discontinued treatment due to quiescent disease or concerns about medication harm. If the latter, these women should be identified and counseled, preferably during the pre-conception period, about the risks and benefits of disease and treatment.
Assessing the Impact of Triiodothyronine Treatment on the Lung Microbiome of Mice with Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Guo Xiaoshu , Xu Kai , Wang Qiwen , Han Zongyuan , Yu Guoying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease characterized by progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PF) exacerbation. IPF primarily affects older individuals and can lead to respiratory failure. This study aimed to assess the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) treatment on the lung microbiome of mice with PF.
Methods
Mice were perfused with bleomycin (BLM) to establish a PF model. Using a randomized design, 40 female specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL6/N mice were divided into four groups: saline, saline + T3, BLM, and BLM + T3. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to detect histological morphology, and 16S rRNA microbial sequencing was used to identify lung bacteria. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay was used to measure total T3 (TT3), free T3 (FT3, and reverse T3 (rT3) levels in the peripheral serum.
Results
T3 treatment ameliorated BLM-induced lung fibrosis and structural damage. The microbiome experienced a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Actinomycetes and an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes when exposed to BLM; however, T3 treatment reversed this effect. The four groups showed no significant difference in alpha and beta microbiome diversity (P > 0.05), and the effect of T3 treatment and BLM treatment on lung microbial alpha diversity was in the opposite direction, which was of positive significance; beta-diversity analysis suggested a relatively stable microbiome). Serum concentrations of TT3 and FT3 were positively correlated with microbiome abundance (P < 0.05). Administration of T3 enhanced the microbiota in PF without affecting the diversity and biological functions of the microbiome (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
T3 treatment had a positive effect on the lung microbiome of mice with PF. This finding partially supports the use of T3 as a potential drug for the treatment of PF.
An Improved FMEA-MABAC Method Based on Prospect Theory in a Q-Rung Orthopair Hesitant Fuzzy Environment: A Case Study on Risk Assessment of Aircraft Landing System
Authors: Köseoğlu Ali , Altun Fatma , Şahin Rıdvan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

This study presents an approach by considering a risk assessment problem handled as a decision problem. The main purpose of this study is to observe how results are affected with more sensitive calculations and how results change including psychological behavior of decision maker to the process. For this reason, prospect theory is integrated to the MABAC method in which probability information is included in the process by probability density function with normal distribution. Also, Best-Worst method is used to determine weights of criteria according to each decision maker. Besides, weights of each decision maker are obtained using TOPSIS arguments. In addition, the proposed approach is applied under Q-rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy environment for more comprehensive study field. In the numerical part of this study, aircraft landing system is handled as an FMEA problem and by combining MABAC method, the novel method is applied to test how practical and consistent under improvements.
Molecular Marker Discovery and effect Evaluation of KRT17 and COL1A1 in Esophageal Cancer Detection
Authors: Huiwen Pan , Hong Jie , Shao Aizhong , Zhao Zhiguo , Ding Guowen , Fang Zhijie , chen Keping , Zhu Jingfeng 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the malignant tumors in the digestive system. Because the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are occult and lack effective screening of specific molecular markers of esophageal cancer, most patients are in the middle or advanced stage at the time of treatment, and the 5-year survival rate is low. This study aimed to find molecular biomarkers of clinical value in the development and diagnosis of esophageal cancer. The factors affecting esophageal cancer were identified by clinical factor analysis and tissue transcriptome sequencing of 180 cases of esophageal cancer in Jiangsu, China. The results of the Chi-square test and correlation analysis demonstrated that: a). relative expression of KRT17 was higher in esophageal cancer with diabetes (P = 0.036); b). expression of KRT17 correlated with blood glucose levels (r = 0.186, P = 0.013) and tumor size (r = -0.197, P = 0.009) in esophageal cancer patients; c). and expression of COL1A1 correlated with age (r = -0.148, P = 0.047) and blood glucose levels (r = 0.212, P = 0.004) in esophageal cancer patients; d). Experimental results of QRT-RCR: KRT17 and COL1A1 genes were highly expressed in esophageal cancer, respectively (P < 0.05); when the two genes were used as a combination test, the positive detection rate of esophageal cancer was 90.6%, ROC curve, specificity, and sensitivity had greater power, and KRT17 and COL1A1 genes had the potential to be biomarkers for the diagnosis of esophageal cancer.
Does Different Application Modes of Universal Adhesives with Universal Resin Composites Affect the Microleakage in Class V Cavities? An In Vitro Study
Authors: SARI Ceyda , AKGUL Sinem , BALA Oya 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the levels of microleakage of different modes of the Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and the two novel resin composites.
Materials and Methods
Sixty-six freshly extracted sound human central incisors of the similar size were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n:33 per group) according to the brand of resin composite. Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups based on the universal adhesive application protocol used: (a) total etch, (b) self-etch and (c) selective etch. Each tooth was immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsin dye solution at 37C0 for 24 hours. After dye penetration, teeth were sectioned and evaluated with conventional (scoring) and digital methods (Image J). The intra- and inter-examiner agreement was estimated according to the Kappa statistics and the results were analyzed with the one-way ANNOVA and the Kruskal Wallis statistical tests (p < 0.05).
Results
The microleakage of the gingival and incisal margins are statistically similar, regardless of the composite brand and the method of application of the universal adhesive.
Conclusion
The microleakage exhibited by current adhesives and resins is independent of the adhesive application mode and measurement method.
Clinical relevance:
Evaluation of microleakage in Class V cavities using novel universal composites (Omnichroma and 3M Filtek Universal) with Scotchbond Universal adhesive, providing essential insights for clinicians grappling with challenges in adhesive restorations, such as aesthetic outcomes, polymerization stresses, and optimal adhesive protocols.
Research on underwater robot ranging technology based on semantic segmentation and binocular vision
Authors: Hu Qing , Wang Kekuan , Ren Fushen , Wang Zhongyang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Based on the principle of light refraction and binocular ranging, the underwater imaging model is obtained. It provides a theoretical basis for underwater camera calibration. In order to meet the requirement of underwater vehicle to identify and distance underwater target, a new underwater vehicle distance measurement system based on semantic segmentation and binocular vision is proposed. The system uses Deeplabv3 + to identify the underwater target captured by the binocular camera and generate the target map, which is then used for binocular ranging. Compared with the binocular ranging using the original drawing, the measurement accuracy of the proposed method has not changed, the measurement speed is increased by 30%, and the error rate is controlled within 5%, which meets the needs of underwater robot operations.
Impact of smokeless tobacco on cardiovascular disease risk in a Nigerian metropolitan city
Authors: Oguanobi Nelson . I. , Chijioke Chioli . P. , Ghasi Samuel . I. , Nubila Nkoyo I. , Okolo Caleb . C. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
The use of smokeless tobacco products (STP) as a substitute for tobacco smoking is driving increasing consumption of these products especially in developing countries.
Objective:
The study sought to make comparison of cardiovascular risk profile between chronic STP users and suitable matched tobacco-naïve controls.
Method:
This is a preliminary report from the cross sectional part of a two-arm prospective study of Smokeless Tobacco Products Composition and Exposure Exposure Outcome in Enugu metropolis. Consecutively recruited current Smokeless tobacco users aged 18 years and above, residing in selected communities in Enugu metropolis were recruited for the study. Age and sex matched non tobacco users from same localities as the study subjects served as controls. Written informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all study participants. All participants were screened to obtain data on medical history, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and electrocardiographic evaluation.
Result:
Data from 54 STP-users and 54 non-STP-users (mean age 56.58 ± 8.15 years) were analyzed. Anthropometric parameters were similar in both groups. The STP-users had higher erect and supine blood pressure indices as well greater postural drop in systolic blood pressure. The occurrence of diabetes mellitus (20.37% versus 5.56%) and hypertension (25.93%; 11.11%) were significantly more in the STP-users than in the non-user population, (p = 0.02192 and 0.04751 respectively). Electrocardiographic evaluation showed significantly increased QTc and dispersions of P-wave, QRS and QT intervals as well as reduced PR interval in STP users. Electrocardiographic abnormalities observed in STP users include left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, ST-segment elevation, short PR interval and long QTc.
Conclusion:
Use of smokeless tobacco products is associated with increased risk and burden of diabetes mellitus and hypertensive heart disease. Electrocardiographic findings linked to STP-use in this study are features consistent with arrhythmia, ventricular repolarization abnormality, myocardial hypertrophy and ischaemia, suggesting that smokeless tobacco products are not safe substitutes for tobacco smoking.