bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apples to apples, fighters to submarines: comparative analysis of conventional capability-based signalling capacity through technologically weighted state arsenal indexing
Authors: Roberts Lee Habib 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, I propose a new contribution to the field of comparative analysis of state conventional military capabilities. First, I review perspectives of other scholars on the merits of comparing capabilities, arguing that the most accessible insights lie in evaluating the signals sent by state arsenals rather than in predicting conflict outcomes judging from state armament. Second, I present the Conventional Firepower Potential Indexing (CFPI) method and demonstrate that coding for tactical role and degree of technological sophistication enables previously unfeasible estimative comparisons of deterrent signalling value. Finally, I apply CFPI analysis to the conventional arsenals of the United States and the four states named in that country’s most recent National Defense Strategy (China, Russia, North Korea and Iran), deriving conclusions that would be elusive without accessible comparative analysis.
Effect of Garcinia Cambogia Containing Co;mmercially Avaible Weight Reducing Agent on Morphology of Hepatocytes An Experimental Study
Authors: Mirani Ponum , Gulafshan  , Ahmad Agha Nadeem , Andleeb Jazib , Mehboob Faiza , Akhter Naveed 
Published: November 2023

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Obesity is the adverse outcome of modern living which has affected both the physical and mental health. Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus are the most frequently purchased over the counter products by desperate obese persons in Pakistan having Garcinia cambogia (GC) as the main active ingredient. This study is conducted to determine the effect of GC containing Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus drugs on the morphology of hepatocytes in male albino mice.</p>
<p><strong> Methods:</strong> Ninety albino mice were divided into control group A, experimental groups B and C receiving Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Smart respectively. Each group was further divided into subgroup I and II and the drug was administered to experimental groups for 4 and 8 weeks respectively via oral gavage. After the completion of experiment, histological examination of liver was conducted.</p>
<p><strong> Results:</strong> Marked enlargement of hepatocytes was observed in experimental groups B and C (both I &amp; II) along with ballooning degeneration and fatty change in the cytoplasm.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Both Slim Smart and Ultra Slim Plus has hepatotoxic effects resulting in increase in hepatocyte size, ballooning degeneration and fatty change in liver cells.&nbsp;</p>
Interstitial Lung Disease and Depression &ndash; A Questionnaire Based Study
Authors: Mehdi Muntazir , Waseem Muhammad , Afzal Hafiza Swaiba , Jamil Ahmad Zeeshan , Iqbal Muhammad Junaid , Rafiq Maryam 
Published: November 2023

<p>Background and Objective: &nbsp;Interstitial lung disease (ILD) causes depression due to its painful course in patients. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression and find the association of depression with selected clinical variables in patients with ILD.</p>
<p>Methods: &nbsp;This questionnaire based cross-sectional study was done at the department of pulmonology, District head quarter hospital Sahiwal from 1st Oct 2019 to 31st March 2020. The questionnaire was distributed among the diagnosed cases of ILD who presented in outpatient department of DHQ Sahiwal after taking informed consent. The depression scoring was done in them according to Beck depression inventory II. Frequency distribution statistics and inferential statistics were done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. P-value &lt; 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.</p>
<p>Results: &nbsp;Depression was graded into four types according to Beck depression inventory II scoring system. Depression levels of minimal, mild, severe and extremely severe were found to have frequencies of 42.90, 14.30, 31.40 and 11.4% respectively. Depression was more prevalent in females (77.14%). Sixty two percent of severely depressed had rural background. Three fourth (75%) of severely depressed patients were from lower class group. Half of the severely depressed patients were suffering from hypertension. One fourth had ischemic heart disease. Illiteracy dominated in severely depressed where 3/4th of the participants had not received any education. Our study found statistically significant result of Beck score with socioeconomic groups (P = 0.037). High statistically significant result was also found when Beck scoring was associated with co-morbidities (P = 0.001).</p>
<p>Conclusions: &nbsp;The increased frequency of depression in the patients of ILD was associated with many demographic factors. The development of improved methods for the assessment of ILD and its co-morbidities could have profound effects on the quality of life and expected survival of ILD patients.</p>
Emotional and Financial Stress in Doctors Working in the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Hasan Syed Riazul , Hamid Zeeshan , Yaqub Muhammad Danial , Ahmed Syed Rohail , Aftab Muhammad Amin 
Published: November 2023

<p><strong>Background and Objective: </strong>&nbsp;COVID-19 took the world by a storm and impacted not only the general population but the doctors as well. This study was done in order to determine the financial and economic burden faced by the doctors working in COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan.</p>
<p><strong>Methods:</strong> &nbsp;This longitudinal study was carried out from May 9th to May 23rd, 2020 in Pakistan. A self-designed validated Questionnaire was distributed to doctors working in different hospitals of Pakistan through online Google form. Questions regarding emotional and financial stress in Pakistani doctors dealing with COVID-19 patients were included.</p>
<p><strong>Results: </strong>&nbsp;One hundred and twenty doctors responded to the current study. Majority of them 97 (80.6%) reported stress during duty hours. Stress level was high among 78 (65.3%) doctors to the extent they thought of leaving the job because of risk of getting infected. Less salaries and family pressure were the other demotivating factors. Most of the doctors 71 (59.2%)] were younger than 30 years of age. Eighty-five (71%) doctors reported being pressurized by the families to leave the job. Shortage of protective gears was also the challenge. A total of 65 (54.2%) doctors got their gears from their institutes, 27 (22.2%) bought their own gears, 23 (19.4%) worked without gears, and 5 (4.8%) got gears from non-governmental organizations (NGOs).</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> &nbsp;Majority of the doctors reported stress during duty hours regardless of level or experience in that job; the contributing factors included risk of getting infected, lesser salaries and family pressure. During COVID-19 pandemic, doctors feel that they are not only emotionally exhausted but also tried to cope financial challenges while endangering themselves to save the lives of patients.</p>
Undergraduate Student Perceptions of Pharmacy Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Williamson Kristyn , Milone Anna , Haines Stuart , Pittenger Amy 
Published: November 2023

Introduction: With declining applicant numbers, pharmacy education seeks to effectively communicate the value of the pharmacist on the health care team to attract learners to pharmacy. The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) published entrustable professional activities (EPAs) to outline the expected roles and responsibilities of new pharmacy graduates. However, it is unknown whether these statements resonate with the general public and could potentially attract learners to pharmacy.
Methods: A survey was administered to all students before and after the completion of an undergraduate overview of pharmacy course. Participants were to respond “yes” or “no” to statements assessing the relevance to pharmacy practice and the expectation of the activity to occur in all pharmacy practice settings.
Results: A total of 283 students participated in the pre-course survey, with 258 students completing the post-course survey. Pre-course, 11 of the 15 EPA statements had a high level of agreement (>80%) for relevance to practice. The high level of agreement continued in the post-course survey with five EPA statements exhibiting a significant increase in both the relevance and expectation of the role in pharmacy practice. The secondary analysis revealed no difference among students with varying degrees of prior pharmacy knowledge or exposure.
Conclusions: Most students, regardless of prior knowledge of pharmacy, found the EPAs illustrative of pharmacist activities even prior to completing the pharmacy course. Entrustable professional activity statements may be a reasonable means to communicate the value of the pharmacist to the general public.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BASED ON ISLAMIC VALUES AT PT BANK SUMUT SYARIAH BRANCH PADANGSIDIMPUAN
Authors: Harahap Nursaima 
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine the impact or effect of human resource management based on Islamic values on PT Bank Sumut Cabang Syariah Padangsidimpuan. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were branch leaders, deputy branch leaders, and 10 employees of PT Bank Sumut Cabang Syariah Padangsidimpuan. Data collection techniques are obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. And the data processing and analysis techniques are using data reduction, data display, and conclusions. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers, human resource management based on Islamic values at PT Bank Sumut Syariah Branch Padangsidimpuan is in accordance with Islamic values, which include creed values, sharia values, and moral values. The impact or effect after the implementation of human resource management in accordance with Islamic values is found in the company's work culture, human resource management processes, and employee productivity and bonafficity.Keywords: Implications, Human Resource Management, Islamic Values
Features of countering the spread of the ideology of Nazism among young people
Authors: Sergeeva Anzhelika Anatol'evna , Pitul'ko Kseniya Viktorovna 
Published: November 2023

The authors analyze the main determinants of the spread of the ideology of Nazism among young people. The authors consider general social and special criminological measures for the prevention of criminally punishable manifestations of the ideology of Nazism. In the modern period, the spread of the ideology of Nazism is characterized by a high social danger, therefore, the development of a set of measures aimed at preventing it is of exceptional importance. To date, there are a number of legal instruments designed to punish persons who share Nazi views and implement them in concrete actions. However, the legal provision for the prevention of manifestations of socially dangerous behavior is not characterized by completeness and does not have a full-fledged basis. The general structure of criminological prevention of the spread of the ideology of Nazism has not been developed either. The authors substantiate the modern concept of its implementation. In the course of the study, standard general scientific and private scientific methods were used: formal-logical, system-structural, comparative-legal. Scientifically based recommendations aimed at clarifying the boundaries of preventive activities are formulated. It is proposed to use general social, special criminological and individual preventive measures to prevent manifestations of the ideology of Nazism. Special emphasis is placed on the information and propaganda and counter-propaganda vectors of prevention. The authors draw attention to the fact that the need to improve the criminological prevention of manifestations of the ideology of Nazism among young people is due to the lack of legal certainty in the provisions of the law regulating the conditions for criminal prosecution, the lack of an organized system of preventive impact, general unfavorable trends in the spread of the ideology of Nazism among young people. At the same time, it is quite important to distinguish between imitation of preventive activity and its actual implementation. In this regard, the authors substantiate the important role of patriotic education of young people.
Politik Reformasi Kewenangan Komisi Yudisial Sebagai Penguatan Pengawasan Terhadap Mahkamah Agung
Authors: Aziz Muhammad , Purba Nelvitia , Yeltriana Yeltriana , Batubara Ismed , Monica Eka Syafrina , Kiswanto Dedi 
Published: November 2023

<p>Tujuan dari penelitian agar Mahkamah Agung baik Hakim maupun Peradilan di bawahnya bisa menegakkan keadilan yang sebenar-benarnya tanpa ada intervensi dengan teori pendekatan islam. Kepercayaan publik atas penegakan hukum di Indonesia semakin menurun. Tidak sedikit jual beli perkara, persekongkolan antara sesama penegak hukum, pesanan untuk menetapkan siapa hakim yang mengadili perkara masih saja terjadi, baik di tingkat Mahkamah Agung maupun peradilan di bawahnya. Hal ini disebabkan lemahnya pengawasan kehakiman yang dilaksanakan oleh Komisi Yudisial, salah satunya dikarenakan tidak adanya kewenangan untuk melakukan penyadapan atas hakim-hakim di jajaran Mahkamah Agung maupun peradilan di bawahnya berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2004 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2011 Tentang Komisi Yudisial. Oleh karena itu dalam hal ini kewenangan Komisi Yudisial selaku badan yang mengawasi sikap hakim di Indonesia perlu diperbaiki. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian <em>library research</em> (penelitian pustaka). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu, harus ada regulasi tambahan terkait wewenang Komisi Yudisial. selain itu, Pemerintah Indonesia harus mengambil sikap dengan mengeluarkan PERPU (Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang- Undang), penjatuhan sanksi hukuman atas tindak pidana yang dilakukan oleh hakim sebagai penegak hukum harus lebih berat dari pada masyarakat biasa, serta diperlukannya regulasi tentang hukuman tambahan berupa sanksi sosial atas tindak pidana yang mencederai penegakan hukuman di Indonesia.<strong></strong></p>
The Urgency of Determining the Post-Divorce Iddah Payment Period in Indonesian Religious Courts
Authors: Jannah Shofiatul , Roibin Roibin 
Published: November 2023

<p>This study aims to provide legal justice for women after divorce. The determination of the period of payment of iddah income after divorce by the ex-husband to the ex-wife is very important because women who are carrying out the iddah period are not allowed to leave the house. For this reason, husbands are encouraged to provide iddah as stated in the word of Allah surah al-Thalaq:1. But, after divorce, the man disappears regardless of his ex-wife, besides that the policy on determining the period of payment of iddah income has not been regulated in the legislation or the compilation of Islamic law. So this research is important to be carried out as an effort to realize justice for women. This research is a literature research (Library research), which is a study that presents a variety of data by the research topic which includes primary data, namely the concept of iddah in the compilation of Islamic law which will be analyzed using Islamic legal theory. The results of the study that the determination of the period of payment of income is very important to be stated in the laws and regulations in Indonesia. Because the obligation to practice iddah will also be carried out if the ex-wife does not experience any deficiency Even the state can determine sanctions for ex-husbands who do not provide iddah to ex-wives. Sanctions provide a deterrent effect and encourage husbands to comply with their obligations fairly and responsibly.</p><p align="center"> </p>
Analisis Pemberian Hibah Kepada Anak Di Bawah Umur Melalui Proses Handlichting Berdasarkan Hukum Perdata
Authors: Nurulnisa Fira , Ramadhani Dwi Aryanti 
Published: November 2023

<p><em>This study examines the legality and legal consequences of court decisions that grant handlichting to minors to receive grants. Basically, actions carried out by legal subjects are considered valid or not depending on the level of maturity or legal skills they possess. In the Civil Code, there is no special article that regulates the validity and legal consequences of giving land and buildings to minors. This research method is normative juridical. The novelty of this research is that it focuses on the validity and legal consequences of giving grants to minors through the handlichting process. The results show that the validity of the handlichting determination is based on civil law and the legal certainty of the court's decision is questionable due to the judge's inconsistency in determining the age limit for adulthood. In addition to efforts to mature (handlichting), giving gifts to minors should be done through a guardianship that has legal certainty. The legal consequence of accepting a grant in the form of a doctor's clinic is that regarding the grant deed received, the deed is not invalid, but is considered defective because it does not meet the legal competency requirements. Another legal consequence that is accepted in managing the clinic is that the child is only officially permitted to manage and be responsible for the clinic's operations after reaching the age of 21 years and completing medical education.</em></p><p>Studi ini mengkaji keabsahan dan konsekuensi hukum dari keputusan pengadilan yang memberikan <em>handlichting</em> kepada anak di bawah umur untuk menerima hibah. Pada dasarnya, tindakan yang dilakukan oleh subjek hukum dianggap sah atau tidak tergantung pada tingkat kedewasaan atau kecakapan hukum yang dimilikinya. Dalam KUHPerdata, tidak ada pasal khusus yang mengatur keabsahan dan konsekuensi hukum pemberian tanah dan bangunan kepada anak yang belum dewasa. Metode penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Kebaruan penelitian ini yaitu memfokuskan kepada keabsahan dan akibat hukum pemberian hibah kepada anak di bawah umur melalui proses <em>handlichting</em>. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keabsahan penetapan <em>handlichting</em> didasarkan pada hukum perdata dan penetapan pengadilan menjadi diragukan kepastian hukumnya karena ketidakselarasan hakim dalam menentukan batasan usia dewasa. Selain upaya pendewasaan <em>(handlichting)</em>, pemberian hibah kepada anak di bawah umur sebaiknya dilakukan melalui perwalian yang memiliki kepastian hukum yang sah. Akibat hukum penerimaan hibah berupa klinik dokter yaitu mengenai akta hibah yang diterima maka akta tersebut tidak batal, namun dianggap cacat karena tidak memenuhi syarat cakap hukum. Akibat hukum lainnya yang diterima dalam pengelolaan klinik dimana anak tersebut baru diizinkan secara resmi untuk mengelola dan bertanggung jawab atas operasional klinik setelah mencapai usia 21 tahun dan menyelesaikan pendidikan kedokteran.</p><p> </p><p><em> </em></p>
IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN BANTUAN HUKUM BAGI MASYARAKAT MISKIN MELALUI POSBAKUM DI PENGADILAN AGAMA DEMAK KELAS IB
Authors: Safitri Erika , Yulistyowati Efi , Sihotang Amri Panahatan 
Published: November 2023

<p><span>Posbakum merupakan layanan pemberian bantuan hukum yang dilakukan secara cuma-cuma kepada masyarakat miskin di dalam mencari keadilan di pengadilan. Dengan adanya bantuan hukum secara cuma-cuma diharapkan dapat memberikan jaminan dan kesamaan terhadap masyarakat miskin untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dari perbuatan yang tidak adil. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji implementasi pemberian bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin melalui Posbakum di Pengadilan Agama Demak Kelas IB, kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasi pemberian bantuan hukum tersebut, dan upaya mengatasinya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah implementasi pemberian bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin melalui Posbakum di Pengadilan Agama Demak Kelas IB tahun 2014 sampai 2022. Data yang dipergunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder yang diambil dengan cara wawancara, studi pustaka, dan studi dokumentasi. Data tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi pemberian bantuan hukum bagi masyarakat miskin melalui Posbakum di Pengadilan Agama Demak Kelas IB terdiri dari pemberian informasi, konsultasi, advis hukum, dan pembuatan dokumen hukum. Bantuan hukum tersebut diberikan dalam penyelesaian kasus perceraian, itsbat nikah, permohonan wali afdhol, hibah, waris, perwalian anak, dan harta bersama. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam implementasi pemberian bantuan hukum tersebut adalah : (1)<em> </em>kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap bantuan hukum di Posbakum, (2) Masyarakat saat meminta bantuan hukum di Posbakum merasa takut, sehingga kurang terbuka dalam memberikan keterangan, berbelit-belit dan kadang-kadang tidak jujur mengenai duduk perkara yang sedang dialami. Kendala tersebut diatasi dengan cara (1) melakukan sosialisasi secara langsung kepada masyarakat mengenai bantuan hukum di Posbakum, (2) melakukan pendekatan kepada masyarakat agar tidak takut, sehingga petugas dapat menggali lebih dalam terhadap kasus yang dihadapinya.</span></p>
Specific features of distribution and manifestation of cryptosporidiosis of calves on dairy complexes in Siberia
Authors: Glotova T. I. , Koteneva S. V. , Nefedchenko A. V. , Glotov A. G. 
Published: November 2023

The results of the study of specific features of distribution and clinical manifestation of bovine cryptosporidiosis in association with pathogens of viral and bacterial nature are presented. From 2014 to 2023, 666 samples of biomaterial (tracheal mucosa, lungs, mediastinal and mesenteric lymph nodes, contents of rennet and intestine) collected from fallen and forcefully killed calves under 6 months of age with signs of enteritis and respiratory diseases were examined. 94 farms of six regions, two territories of the Siberian region and the Republic of Kazakhstan were surveyed. The findings confirm the widespread prevalence of Cryptosporidium in calves. Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were most frequently detected and were present in 34 (5.1%) samples of biological material from calves in 22 (23.4%) of the surveyed farms. It was found that oocysts were rarely (22.7%) present in monovariant in animals, more often (77.3%) they were found in associations with viruses and bacteria during outbreaks of viral-bacterial infections. Young animals under 30 days of age are most susceptible to infection. Newborn calves are most susceptible to infection with oocysts, and those animals that have had the disease become lifelong sources of the pathogen for susceptible animals. Cryptosporidiosis is an independent disease and runs independently of the presence of the viruses and bacteria in the body and has no synergistic interaction with them, but the presence and multiplication in the body of animals of this pathogen contributes to the severity of the course of enteritis in calves and leads to difficulties in the treatment and preventive measures. The presence of Cryptosporidium in animals should be taken into account when carrying out complex anti-epizootic measures.