bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of elastic anisotropic models on the prediction of horizontal stresses and hydraulic fracture geometry
Authors: Gallardo-Giozza Gabriel , Espinoza D. Nicolás , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Stress barriers play a key role in the propagation of hydraulic fractures. They are local maxima in the stress field that constrain vertical fracture propagation. The development of stress barriers is influenced by rock mechanical properties, pore pressure and tectonic stresses. However, stress prediction models are highly sensitive to available geophysical measurements and assumptions made on rock constitutive models. We compare stress estimations performed with elastic isotropic, anisotropic and viscoplastic models using Thomsen's notation (
ɛ
,
δ
,
γ
) to quantify anisotropy and its effects on hydraulic fracture geometry. Using a single depth for principal stress calibration, we compare stress distributions and simulate hydraulic fracture geometries along simple vertical and horizontal well sections. Prediction errors stemming from isotropic models along anisotropic intervals increase when tectonic stresses increase. Errors generated by either over- or underestimation of
δ
increase for tectonically passive environments, while errors generated by either over- or underestimation of
ɛ
increase for tectonically active environments. Additional corrections, but also uncertainties, can be introduced by considering viscoelastic rock behaviour. Because of stress shadowing and fracture interaction, the risk of stress barrier underestimation is higher when estimating hydraulic fracture geometries along the various stages of horizontal wells.
Point-by-Point Pulsed Field Ablation Using a Multimodality Generator and a Contact Force–Sensing Ablation Catheter: Comparison With Radiofrequency Ablation in a Remapped Chronic Swine Heart
Authors: Di Biase Luigi , Marazzato Jacopo , Zou Fengwei , Lin Aung , Grupposo Vito , Chowdhuri Nilarun , Maffre Jennifer , Farshchi-Heydari Salman , Sharma Tushar , Beeckler Christopher , Govari Assaf , Bhardwaj Rahul , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Natale Andrea , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: November 2023

Background:
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has emerged as an alternative to radiofrequency ablation. However, data on focal point-by-point PFA are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare lesion durability and collateral damage between focally delivered unipolar/biphasic PFA versus radiofrequency in swine.

Methods:
Eighteen swine were randomized to low-dose PFA, high-dose PFA, and radiofrequency using a multimodality generator. Radiofrequency delivered by market-available generator served as control group. A contact force–sensing catheter was used to focally deliver PFA/radiofrequency at the pulmonary veins and other predefined sites in the atria. Animals were remapped postprocedurally and 28 days postablation to test lesion durability followed by gross necroscopy and histology.

Results:
All targeted sites were successfully ablated (contact force value, 13.9±4.1 g). Follow-up remapping showed persistent pulmonary vein isolation in all animals (100%) with lesion durability at nonpulmonary vein sites proven in most (98%). Regardless of the energy source used, the lesion size was similar across the study groups. Transmurality was achieved in 95% of targeted sites and 100% at pulmonary veins. On histology, PFA animals showed more mature scar formation than their radiofrequency counterpart without myocardial necrosis or inflammation. Finally, no sign of collateral damage was observed in any of the groups.

Conclusions:
In a randomized preclinical study, focally delivered unipolar/biphasic PFA guided by contact force values was associated with durable lesions on chronic remapping and with mature scar formation on histology without signs of collateral injury on necroscopy. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term feasibility of this new approach to atrial fibrillation treatment.
Frequent Premature Atrial Contractions Lead to Adverse Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation in a Swine Model
Authors: Higuchi Satoshi , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Im Sung Il , Lee Adam , Olgin Jeffrey , Arbil Ayla , Afzal Junaid , Marcus Gregory M. , Stillson Carol , Bibby Dwight , Abraham Theodore , Wilson Emily , Gerstenfeld Edward P. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Frequent premature atrial complexes (PACs) are associated with future incident atrial fibrillation (AF), but whether PACs contribute to development of AF through adverse atrial remodeling has not been studied. This study aimed to explore the effect of frequent PACs from different sites on atrial remodeling in a swine model.

METHODS:
Forty swine underwent baseline electrophysiologic studies and echocardiography followed by pacemaker implantations and paced PACs (50% burden) at 250-ms coupling intervals for 16 weeks in 4 groups: (1) lateral left atrium (LA) PACs by the coronary sinus (Lat-PAC; n=10), (2) interatrial septal PACs (Sep-PAC; n=10), (3) regular LA pacing at 130 beats/min (Reg-130; n=10), and (4) controls without PACs (n=10). At the final study, repeat studies were performed, followed by tissue histology and molecular analyses focusing on fibrotic pathways.

RESULTS:

Lat-PACs were associated with a longer P-wave duration (93.0±9.0 versus 74.2±8.2 and 58.8±7.6 ms;
P
<0.001) and greater echocardiographic mechanical dyssynchrony (57.5±11.6 versus 35.7±13.0 and 24.4±11.1 ms;
P
<0.001) compared with Sep-PACs and controls, respectively. After 16 weeks, Lat-PACs led to slower LA conduction velocity (1.1±0.2 versus 1.3±0.2 [Sep-PAC] versus 1.3±0.1 [Reg-130] versus 1.5±0.2 [controls] m/s;
P
<0.001) without significant change in atrial ERP. The Lat-PAC group had a significantly increased percentage of LA fibrosis and upregulated levels of extracellular matrix proteins (lysyl oxidase and collagen 1 and 8), as well as TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor–β1) signaling proteins (latent and monomer TGF-β1 and phosphorylation/total ratio of SMAD2/3;
P
<0.05). The Lat-PAC group had the longest inducible AF duration (terminal to baseline: 131 [interquartile range 30, 192] seconds versus 16 [6, 26] seconds [Sep-PAC] versus 22 [11, 64] seconds [Reg-130] versus −1 [−16, 7] seconds [controls];
P
<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
In this swine model, frequent PACs resulted in adverse atrial structural remodeling with a heightened propensity to AF. PACs originating from the lateral LA produced greater atrial remodeling and longer induced AF duration than the septal-origin PACs. These data provide evidence that frequent PACs can cause adverse atrial remodeling as well as AF, and that the location of ectopic PACs may be clinically meaningful.
Chan Texts in Practice
Authors: van Schaik Sam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Research into early Chan has relied heavily on the manuscripts found in Cave 17 in Dunhuang, which generally date from before the eleventh century. However this research has often abstracted texts from their context as part of the varied and multilingual collection that was found in the cave. Furthermore, the date, form and original use of the manuscripts containing early Chan texts is often forgotten in the discussion. This brief paper looks at early Chan practice from a historical and local perspective, that is, as a kind of social history. Taking one text, The Record of the Masters and Students of the Lanka (Lengqie shizi ji 楞伽師資記) I discuss some of the meditation practices that it contains and compare these to manuscripts from the Dunhuang collection that fall outside the usual concept of ‘Chan Buddhism’. I conclude that first, early Chan texts should be understood as existing in specific social and ritual settings, such as group initiation rituals, educational settings with teachers and students, or indeed solitary meditation. Second, in the social setting that produced the Dunhuang manuscript cache, distinctions between what we tend to think of as ‘Chan meditation’ and other forms of meditation from tantric or pure land contexts, meant little in practice.
Doctrinal Engagements and Disengagements: Yongming Yanshou and His Legacies
Authors: Welter Albert 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper looks at the vexed relationship of doctrine, or teaching (C. jiao/K. kyo/J. kyō 教) in the three kindred traditions subsumed under the rubric of the Sino-East Asian graph 禪, known through their distinctive pronunciations in modern languages as Chan, Sŏn, and Zen. While the stipulation of these traditions as ‘a special/separate transmission outside the teachings’; (jiaowai biechuan 教外別傳) presumes independence from Mahayana doctrinal teachings, the reality, as we know, was much more complicated. In this paper, I use Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904–975/6), one of the most prominent Chan figures to promote doctrinal engagement, as a barometer to look at how doctrinal engagements and disengagements are regarded throughout each tradition. Perspectives on Yanshou, a figure at once revered and marginalized, unlock key features of each of these three interconnected traditions, what they share and how they disagree. Fundamentally, perspectives on doctrinal engagements and disengagements are rooted in seminal Chan disputes over the nature and value of Buddhist teaching, and Yanshou is a conduit for these disputes. Given the theme of the conference, ‘How Zen Became Chan’; I also look at the discrepancies these disputes reveal between modern Rinzai Zen orthodoxy’s defining of Zen in the modern world and the practice of Chan in China and Sŏn in Korea. The options that these discrepancies reveal are indicative of the relevance of doctrinal entanglements and disentanglements to the contemporary Chan, Sŏn, and Zen worlds.
Global Attribution of Precipitation to Weather Features
Authors: Konstali Kjersti , Spensberger Clemens , Spengler Thomas , Sorteberg Asgeir 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Weather features, such as extratropical cyclones (ETCs), atmospheric rivers (ARs), and fronts, contribute to substantial amounts of precipitation globally. However, previous estimates of how much these individual features contribute to precipitation are very sensitive to subjectively chosen metrics. Furthermore, there is no information on how these weather features contribute to precipitation poleward of 60° latitude. To alleviate these shortcomings, we introduce a more robust attribution method applicable at all latitudes. Based on ERA5, we present the first global climatology of the contributions from cyclones, fronts, moisture transport axes (MTAs; AR-like features), and cold air outbreaks, as well as their combinations, to summer and winter precipitation as well as extreme precipitation. Most of the precipitation in the midlatitudes relates to the combination of ETC, fronts, and MTAs (28%), while in polar regions most precipitation occurs within the ETC-only category (27%). Extreme precipitation events in all extratropical regions are predominantly associated with the combination of ETCs, fronts, and MTAs (46%). In the midlatitudes, the combination of ETCs, fronts, and MTAs occurs almost 4 times as often during extreme events compared to regular events.
Two Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns are Associated with Short-Duration Dry Spells in the Northeastern United States
Authors: Sukhdeo Raymond , Grotjahn Richard , Ullrich Paul A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Large-scale meteorological pattern (LSMP)–based analysis is used in a novel way to understand meteorological conditions before and during short-duration dry spells over the northeastern United States. These LSMPs are useful to assess models and select better-performing models for future projections. Dry-spell events are identified from histograms of consecutive dry days below a daily precipitation threshold. Events lasting 12 days or longer, which correspond to ∼10% of dry-spell events, are examined. The 500-hPa streamfunction anomaly fields for the first 12 days of each event are time averaged, and k-means clustering is applied to isolate the dry-spell-related LSMPs. The first cluster has a strong low pressure anomaly over the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the region, and is more common in winter and spring. The second cluster has strong high pressure over east-central North America and is most common during autumn. Over the region, both clusters have negative specific humidity anomalies, negative integrated vapor transport from the north, and subsidence associated with a midlatitude jet stream dipole structure that reinforces upper-level convergence. Subsidence is supported by cold-air advection in the first cluster and the location on the east side of the lower-level high pressure in the second cluster. Extratropical cyclone storm tracks are generally shifted southward of the region during the dry spells. Individual events lie on a continuum between two distinct clusters. These clusters have similar local, but different remote, properties. Although dry spells occur with greater frequency during drought months, most dry spells occur during nondrought months.

Significance Statement
This study examines the large-scale weather patterns and meteorological conditions associated with dry-spell events lasting at least 2 weeks while affecting the northeastern United States. A statistical approach groups events together on the basis of similar atmospheric features. We find two distinct sets of patterns that we call large-scale meteorological patterns. These patterns reduce moisture, foster localized sinking, and shift the storm track southward along the Atlantic seaboard, all of which reduce precipitation. Besides greater understanding, knowing the meteorological patterns during short-term dryness in the region provides an important tool to assess how well atmospheric models reproduce these specific patterns. More dry spells occur in nondrought months than in drought months, which means that dry spells can occur without preexisting drought conditions.
Integrated small RNA, mRNA and protein omics reveal a miRNA network orchestrating metabolic maturation of the developing human heart
Authors: Aharon-Yariv Adar , Wang Yaxu , Ahmed Abdalla , Delgado-Olguín Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
As the fetal heart develops, cardiomyocyte proliferation potential decreases while fatty acid oxidative capacity increases in a highly regulated transition known as cardiac maturation. Small noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), contribute to the establishment and control of tissue-specific transcriptional programs. However, small RNA expression dynamics and genome-wide miRNA regulatory networks controlling maturation of the human fetal heart remain poorly understood.

Results
Transcriptome profiling of small RNAs revealed the temporal expression patterns of miRNA, piRNA, circRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and tRNA in the developing human heart between 8 and 19 weeks of gestation. Our analysis demonstrated that miRNAs were the most dynamically expressed small RNA species throughout mid-gestation. Cross-referencing differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs predicted 6200 mRNA targets, 2134 of which were upregulated and 4066 downregulated as gestation progressed. Moreover, we found that downregulated targets of upregulated miRNAs, including hsa-let-7b, miR-1-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-499a-5p, and miR-30a-5p predominantly control cell cycle progression. In contrast, upregulated targets of downregulated miRNAs, including hsa-miR-1276, miR-183-5p, miR-1229-3p, miR-615-3p, miR-421, miR-200b-3p and miR-18a-3p, are linked to energy sensing and oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, integrating miRNA and mRNA profiles with proteomes and reporter metabolites revealed that proteins encoded in mRNA targets and their associated metabolites mediate fatty acid oxidation and are enriched as the heart develops.

Conclusions
This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the small RNAome of the maturing human fetal heart. Our findings suggest that coordinated activation and repression of miRNA expression throughout mid-gestation is essential to establish a dynamic miRNA-mRNA-protein network that decreases cardiomyocyte proliferation potential while increasing the oxidative capacity of the maturing human fetal heart. Our results provide novel insights into the molecular control of metabolic maturation of the human fetal heart.
Use of a novel pressure distribution system for severely ill neonates: a clinical pilot study carried out by the PREPICare consortium
Authors: Schlüer Anna-Barbara , Müller Adrian Yves , Fromme Nicolas Philip , Camenzind Martin , Riener Robert , Rossi René Michel , Aufdenblatten Barbara Brotschi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Pressure Injuries are not exclusively an adult phenomenon; various risk factors contribute to a high prevalence rate of 43% in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care population. Effective preventive measures in this population are limited.

Methods
We performed a pilot study to analyze the distribution and localization of support surface interface pressures in neonates in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The hypothesis was that pressure redistribution by a novel air mattress would reduce pressure peaks in critical neonates. The measurements were conducted in a 27-bed level III PICU between November and December 2020. This included measuring pressure distribution and pressure peaks for five neonates positioned on either a state-of-the-art foam mattress or a new prototype air mattress.

Results
We confirmed that the pressure peaks were significantly reduced using the prototype air mattress, compared with the state-of-the-art foam mattress. The reduction of mean pressure values was 9–29%, while the reduction of the highest 10% of pressure values was 23–41%.

Conclusions
The journey to an effective, optimal, and approved product for severely ill neonates to reduce Pressure Injuries is challenging. However, a crucial step was completed by this pilot study with the first pressure measurements in a real-world setting and the successful realization of a decrease in pressure peaks obtained using a prototype air mattress.
Screening for ELANE, HAX1 and GFI1 gene mutations in children with neutropenia and clinical characterization of two novel mutations in ELANE gene
Authors: Komvilaisak Patcharee , Yudhasompop Najwa , Kanchanakamhaeng Kittima , Hongeng Suradej , Pakakasama Samart , Anurathapan Usanarat , Pongphitcha Pongpak , Songdej Duantida , Sasanakul Werasak , Sirachainan Nongnuch 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Congenital neutropenia is a rare disease. Recurrent infections since young age are the presentation. The most common mutation causing severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) and cyclic neutropenia (CyN) is the ELANE gene. The objectives of this study were to screen the three common genetic mutations of ELANE, HAX1 and GFI1 in children with chronic neutropenia and to describe the clinical characteristics of children who had the mutations.

Methods
Infants having ANC < 1,000/cu mm or children aged > 1 year having ANC < 1,500/cu mm at least 3 times in 3 months were enrolled in the study. Patients who had acquired neutropenia due to infection, immune deficiency, or drugs were excluded. The ELANE gene was first studied; and if mutations were not identified, the HAX1 and GFI1 genes were further examined.

Results
A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the study. The median (range) age, ratio of female to male, ANC, and last follow-up age were 9.2 (0.5–45.2) months, 1:1.2, 248 (0–1,101) /cu mm, and 19.9 (3.5–202.3) months, respectively. Infections were noted in 67.3% of all patients. ELANE gene mutation was found in only four patients (6.7%), and the rest (56 patients) showed no mutations in the HAX1 and GFI1 genes. In patients without mutations, 66.0% had normal ANC during the follow-up, with a median (range) age for normal ANC of 19.8 (4.0–60.0) months. Two novel mutations p. Ala79del (c.234_236del) and p. Val197GlufsTer18 (c.589_590insAGGCCGGC) were identified, and they respectively cause SCN and CyN. Patients with the two novel mutations presented with several episodes of infection, including pneumonia, sepsis, abscess, otitis media, and gum infection.

Conclusion
The genetic screening for ELANE, HAX1, and GFI1 gene mutations in 60 patients with chronic neutropenia could identify four patients (6.7%) with ELANE gene mutation and two novel mutations, p. Ala79del in exon 3 and p. Val197GlufsTer18 in exon 4 causing SCN; and CyN, respectively.
Risk factors associated with newly diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Schein Jeff , Cloutier Martin , Gauthier-Loiselle Marjolaine , Bungay Rebecca , Arpin Emmanuelle , Guerin Annie , Childress Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may facilitate early diagnosis; however, studies examining a broad range of potential risk factors for ADHD in adults are limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with newly diagnosed ADHD among adults in the United States (US).

Methods
Eligible adults from the IQVIA PharMetrics® Plus database (10/01/2015-09/30/2021) were classified into the ADHD cohort if they had ≥ 2 ADHD diagnoses (index date: first ADHD diagnosis) and into the non-ADHD cohort if they had no observed ADHD diagnosis (index date: random date) with a 1:3 case-to-control ratio. Risk factors for newly diagnosed ADHD were assessed during the 12-month baseline period; logistic regression with stepwise variable selection was used to assess statistically significant association. The combined impact of selected risk factors was explored using common patient profiles.

Results
A total of 337,034 patients were included in the ADHD cohort (mean age 35.2 years; 54.5% female) and 1,011,102 in the non-ADHD cohort (mean age 44.0 years; 52.4% female). During the baseline period, the most frequent mental health comorbidities in the ADHD and non-ADHD cohorts were anxiety disorders (34.4% and 11.1%) and depressive disorders (27.9% and 7.8%). Accordingly, a higher proportion of patients in the ADHD cohort received antianxiety agents (20.6% and 8.3%) and antidepressants (40.9% and 15.8%). Key risk factors associated with a significantly increased probability of ADHD included the number of mental health comorbidities (odds ratio [OR] for 1 comorbidity: 1.41; ≥2 comorbidities: 1.45), along with certain mental health comorbidities (e.g., feeding and eating disorders [OR: 1.88], bipolar disorders [OR: 1.50], depressive disorders [OR: 1.37], trauma- and stressor-related disorders [OR: 1.27], anxiety disorders [OR: 1.24]), use of antidepressants (OR: 1.87) and antianxiety agents (OR: 1.40), and having ≥ 1 psychotherapy visit (OR: 1.70), ≥ 1 specialist visit (OR: 1.30), and ≥ 10 outpatient visits (OR: 1.51) (all p < 0.05). The predicted risk of ADHD for patients with treated anxiety and depressive disorders was 81.9%.

Conclusions
Mental health comorbidities and related treatments are significantly associated with newly diagnosed ADHD in US adults. Screening for patients with risk factors for ADHD may allow early diagnosis and appropriate management.