bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intersecting impact of CAG repeat and Huntingtin knockout in stem cell-derived cortical neurons
Authors: Stocksdale Jennifer T. , Leventhal Matthew J. , Lam Stephanie , Xu Yu-Xin , Wang Yang Oliver , Wang Keona Q. , Tomas Reuben , Faghihmonzavi Zohreh , Raghav Yogi , Smith Charlene , Wu Jie , Miramontes Ricardo , Sarda Kanchan , Johnson Heather , Shin Min-Gyoung , Huang Terry , Foster Mikelle , Barch Mariya , Armani Naufa , Paiz Chris , Easter Lindsay , Duderstadt Erse , Vaibhav Vineet , Sundararaman Niveda , Felsenfeld Dan P. , Vogt Thomas F. , Van Eyk Jennifer , Finkbeiner Steve , Kaye Julia A. , Fraenkel Ernest , Thompson Leslie M. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryHuntington’s Disease (HD) is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene encoding Huntingtin (HTT). While normal HTT function appears impacted by the mutation, the specific pathways unique to CAG repeat expansion versus loss of normal function are unclear. To understand the impact of the CAG repeat expansion, we evaluated biological signatures of HTT knockout (HTTKO) versus those that occur from the CAG repeat expansion by applying multi-omics, live cell imaging, survival analysis and a novel feature-based pipeline to study cortical neurons (eCNs) derived from an isogenic human embryonic stem cell series (RUES2).HTTKO and the CAG repeat expansion influence developmental trajectories of eCNs, with opposing effects on the growth. Network analyses of differentially expressed genes and proteins associated with enriched epigenetic motifs identified subnetworks common to CAG repeat expansion andHTTKO that include neuronal differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and mechanisms related to transcriptional repression and may represent gain-of-function mechanisms that cannot be explained byHTTloss of function alone. A combination of dominant and loss-of-function mechanisms are likely involved in the aberrant neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative features of HD that can help inform therapeutic strategies.
Axially decoupled photo-stimulation and two photon readout (ADePT) for mapping functional connectivity of neural circuits
Authors: Koh Matthew , Anselmi Francesca , Kaushalya Sanjeev K. , Hernandez Diego E. , Bast Walter Germán , Villar Pablo S. , Chae Honggoo , Davis Martin B. , Teja Sadhu Sai , Qu Zhe , Gradinaru Viviana , Gupta Priyanka , Banerjee Arkarup , Albeanu Dinu F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAll optical physiologyin vivoprovides a conduit for investigating the function of neural circuits in 3-D. Here, we report a new strategy for flexible, axially-decoupled photo-stimulation and two photon readout (ADePT) of neuronal activity. To achieve axially-contained widefield optogenetic patterned stimulation, we couple a digital micro-mirror device illuminated by a solid-state laser with a motorized holographic diffuser. In parallel, we use multiphoton imaging of neural activity across different z-planes. We useADePTto analyze the excitatory and inhibitory functional connectivity of the mouse early olfactory system. Specifically, we control the activity of individual input glomeruli on the olfactory bulb surface, and map the ensuing responses of output mitral and tufted cell bodies in deeper layers. This approach identifies cohorts ofsistermitral and tufted cells, whose firing is driven by the same parent glomerulus, and also reveals their differential inhibition by other glomeruli. In addition, selective optogenetic activation of glomerular GABAergic/dopaminergic (DAT+) interneurons triggers dense, but spatially heterogeneous suppression of mitral and tufted cell baseline activity and odor responses, further demonstrating specificity in the inhibitory olfactory bulb connectivity. In summary,ADePTenables high-throughput functional connectivity mapping in optically accessible brain regions.
Tryptophan metabolites as biomarkers to predict the severity and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Pan Chuzheng , Chen Feng , Yan Yan , Li Haiwen , Qiu Chengfeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundA growing body of evidence indicates alterations in metabolite levels and enzyme activities associated with the conversion of tryptophan (TRP) throughout the course of cerebral ischemia. In this study we aim to explore the potential relationship between TRP metabolism and clinical prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients of mainland China.MethodsBlood samples were obtained from a cohort of 304 patients diagnosed with AIS. The concentrations of ten TRP metabolites were quantified utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Stroke severity was evaluated upon admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). A poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale (mRS) > 3, whereas a good functional outcome was defined by mRS ≤ 3 at 3 months post-stroke. LASSO regression and random forest algorithms were then employed to identify key TRP metabolism parameters associated with prognosis.ResultsFollowing the optimization of variable selection through Lasso regression, a prognostic risk model with 7-factors related to AIS was constructed, yielding an AUC of 0.917. Subsequently, a random forest analysis was conducted to establish an 11-factor prognostic risk model, which demonstrated an enhanced AUC of 1.000. Ultimately, three robust parameters related to TRP metabolism were identified. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusted for covariates, revealed that TRP (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.26 - 0.76,p= 0.004), the kynurenine (KYN)/TRP ratio (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.23 - 3.60,p= 0.008), and the kynurenic acid (KYNA)/TRP ratio (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.23 - 4.12,p= 0.014) were independently associated with poor functional prognosis.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that TRP metabolism is associated with the severity and prognosis of AIS. The TRP, KYN/TRP ratio and KYNA/TRP ratio may serve as potential biomarkers for 3-month prognostic evaluation.
Verification of the tenth-order QED contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron from diagrams without fermion loops
Authors: Aoyama Tatsumi , Hayakawa Masashi , Hirayama Akira , Nio Makiko 
Published: February 2025

A discrepancy of approximately 5σ exists between the two known results for the tenth-order QED contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron, calculated from Feynman vertex diagrams without fermion loops. To investigate this, we decomposed this contribution into 389 parts based on a self-energy diagram representation, enabling a diagram-by-diagram numerical comparison of the two calculations. No significant discrepancies were found for individual diagrams. However, the numerical differences of the 98 diagrams sharing a common structure were not randomly distributed. The accumulation of these differences resulted in the 5σ discrepancy. A recalculation with increased statistics in the Monte Carlo integration was performed for these 98 diagrams. By replacing the old values with the new ones for these 98 integrals, we have obtained a revised result of 6.800±0.128, thereby resolving the discrepancy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Middle‐Aged Adults' Perspectives on Caregiving for Their Siblings With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hwang Se Kwang , Kim Kyung Mee , Lee Chung Eun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere is limited understanding of middle‐aged siblings' experiences of assuming caregiving roles and responsibilities in non‐Western cultures. This study explored middle‐aged siblings' perceived caregiving obligation for their siblings with intellectual and developmental disabilities within the South Korean societal framework that emphasizes the cultural value of “filial piety.” Data from in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 13 middle‐aged siblings were thematically analyzed. The findings showed that middle‐aged siblings exhibit a strong urge to fulfill their filial duties and willingly embrace the primary caregiver role. However, gender, birth order, and financial responsibilities significantly influence the fulfillment of filial obligations, with older, male, and financially secure siblings who co‐reside with their siblings with disabilities being more likely to embrace caregiving roles. Despite advancements in South Korea's disability policies, the concept of caregiving as a familial duty rooted in filial piety remains unchanged. Future measures should consider individualized, culturally sensitive support for middle‐aged siblings.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Encapsulated With Paromomycin: An Effective Oral Formulation Against Leishmania major in Mouse Model
Authors: Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Rodrigues Priscilla , Petersen Christina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The treatment of intracellular infections such as leishmaniasis is often challenging due to limited drug access to infected cells and the development of drug resistance. Therefore, the development of new antileishmanial compounds is essential. Paromomycin sulphate (PM) has shown promise as an antileishmanial drug, and one way to enhance its effectiveness is through appropriate delivery systems. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) are being explored as a potential delivery system for PM, as they offer advantages over other colloidal carriers. In a recent study, PM was loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (PM‐SLN) and its oral effectiveness was evaluated in treating Leishmania (L.) major‐infected mice. The study measured footpad swelling, quantified parasite load through real‐time PCR and assessed levels of cytokines such as interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and gamma interferon (IFN‐c), nitric oxide (NO) and Arginase (ARG). Overall, the study demonstrated that oral administration of the PM‐SLN formulation is safe and effective in treating leishmaniasis. The SLN in the PM‐SLN compound improved the killing of parasites by PM and stimulated a Th1 immune response, indicating its potential as a treatment for leishmaniasis.
Load Energy Coupling-Based Underactuated Control Method on Trajectory Planning and Anti-Swing for Bridge Cranes
Authors: Fan Bo , Zhao Yi , Zhou Hangyu , Wang Jianxiang , Sun Lifan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The closed-loop control methods of bridge crane systems adopt the real-time signal feedback to improve the performance of the systems. The energy-based closed-loop control method of bridge crane systems can be used to design the controller by constructing the energy function of the system, which avoids the direct analysis of the complex motion state of the systems and has the clear physical significance. However, the conventional energy-based control methods have some problems, including slow response, poor performance of eliminating pendulum and less parameters reflected by the control law. An novel load energy coupling-based underactuated control method for bridge cranes is proposed. The relationship between the energy of the bridge crane system and the energy of the load system is analyzed with the dynamic model of the two-dimensional bridge crane. The coupling function based on the load displacement and swing angle is constructed. The driving force of the system is obtained by Lyapunov method and the control law is designed. The boundedness and convergence of the closed-loop control system is explained by the principle of LaSalle invariance. With the comparison experiments and results analysis, it is shown that the proposed method can obtain the better performance of eliminating swing and realize the accurate positioning of the trolley. It also reflects this proposed method effectively reduces the dependence on model parameters and simplifies the control law.
A Mechanical Model for Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layers for PEM Fuel Cells Including Fiber and Binder Failure
Authors: Benz Felix 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, the microscopic deformation of carbon fiber papers for PEM fuel cell gas diffusion layers under compression is investigated numerically. A nonlinear model for mechanical simulations of the fiber structure is described. It is based on the Timoshenko beam bending theory applied to a random fiber structure. Additional nonlinear effects are included in the model to ensure realistic mechanical behavior. The effect of the binder material is included in the model via a spring coupling between close fibers. Damage to fibers and binder, as well as additional fiber contacts, are considered. Second-order terms are added to the beam theory. The model can predict the microscopic deformations of the individual fibers and helps to understand the damage accumulating in the fiber structure during the assembly of a fuel cell. The results of the model highlight the importance of including damage terms in the theoretical description of GDLs. The hysteresis in the stress strain curve seen in compression experiments of GDLs is reproduced qualitatively. It is shown that the hysteresis is based on both binder damage and fiber damage. While damage to the carbon fibers is limited to large compression ratios greater than 0.16, the model predicts damage to the binder throughout the whole compression range. To understand the influence of the individual components of the system, a parameter study is carried out.
Revolutionizing Hybrid Wind/PV/Battery Systems: State-of-the-Art Predictive Control and Real-Time Testing for Optimal Performance
Authors: Benadli Ridha , Abbassi Abdekader , Houari Azeddine , Bjaoui Marwen , Sellami Anis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper presents the design of a Continuous-Time Model Predictive Control (CTMPC) incorporating a disturbance observer (DO) for ensuring robustness against load disturbances. The developed model addresses the control effectiveness in grid-connected hybrid energy systems, under unknown variations of parameters in different operating conditions. These multiple power conversion subsystems are integrated to compose the entire configuration: a boost DC/DC converter for the photovoltaic generator, a bidirectional DC/DC converter for the battery energy storage system, an AC/DC converter for the wind turbine, and a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for interfacing with the grid. All of these components are connected through a common DC bus, which is the backbone of the hybrid system. To mitigate disturbances affecting the performance of power converters based on the renewable energy sources, a DO is added to the proposed CTMPC. This ensures a balanced distribution of active power between the common DC bus and the grid via the bidirectional DC/DC converter and maintains a stable DC link voltage through the VSI. Extensive simulations performed in Matlab/Simulink under different operating scenarios prove the superiority of the CTMPC-DO controller against conventional Proportional Integral (PI). The obtained results showed near-perfect tracking performance and significantly improved overall system stability, demonstrating the potential of the CTMPC-DO approach to replace conventional control strategies. Finally, an experimental validation of the proposed CTMPC-DO method by using the Hardware-In-the Loop (HIL) was developed to verify the applicability and efficiency of the controller in a DC microgrid. This largely proves the ability of the developed controller in handling hybrid energy system complexities and this is considered a major contribution towards improving control strategies in DC microgrids.
Numerical Investigation of Ammonia/n-Heptane Dual-Fuel Spray Flames Using Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Singh Harsimram , Pal Pinaki , Aggarwal Suresh K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diesel engines are extensively used in heavy-duty transportation, power generation, and marine vehicles due to their superior thermal efficiency and extended high-load operability compared to spark ignition (SI) engines. However, combustion in diesel engines is generally characterized by locally rich fuel-air mixtures and high combustion temperatures, causing significant amounts of soot and NOx emissions from these engines. Utilizing carbon-free alternative fuels and enhancing fuel efficiency represent promising strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) and other emissions in the heavy-duty transportation sector. In this context, ammonia (NH3), as a hydrogen carrier, has received significant attention as a viable substitute for hydrocarbon fuels, due to its carbon-free composition, relatively high energy density, and well-established infrastructure. Many previous studies have considered combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia-hydrocarbon fuel blends in engines and simplified flames. However, detailed investigations on the effect of ammonia on the performance of hydrocarbon fuels under engine conditions are lacking. In the present study, we perform large-eddy simulations (LES) of the ignition and flame processes in a constant volume combustion reactor, where n–heptane is injected in an ammonia/air ambient mixture in a diesel-like environment. A detailed and validated reaction mechanism containing 302 species and 1981 reactions is employed. The ECN Spray H experimental data is used to validate the spray model under non-reacting and reacting conditions. Dual-fuel combustion is simulated using the well-stirred reactor (WSR) approach. Results are presented for two spray cases: (1) Single fuel (SF) with n-heptane injected into a mixture of air and combustion products; (2) Dual-fuel (DF) with the injection of n-heptane in a mixture of air, ammonia, and combustion products. It is observed that the presence of ammonia has a significant effect on the ignition and flame development processes. With ammonia addition, both the first and second stage ignition delay times increase, but the effect of ammonia on the second stage ignition is significantly more prominent. In addition, the ignition kernel size and growth rate decrease noticeably. For SF spray, the main ignition is characterized by multiple ignition kernels near spray tip, whereas for DF spray, a single relatively small ignition kernel forms and grows slowly in the downstream direction. The flame development and the final quasi-steady flame structure are also modified due to ammonia. The outcome of this research would enable better understanding of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel spray flame behavior and guide development of associated engine combustion strategies.
Research on a stacking ensemble model with adaptive feature weighting for predicting the tribological properties of lubricating grease
Authors: Xia Yanqiu , Cheng Xuemin , Feng Xin , Liu Chaoqi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To optimize traditional stacking ensemble method and accurately predict the tribological properties of lubricating grease, this study proposed a stacking ensemble model based on adaptive feature weighting and improved whale optimization algorithm (LGWOA-AFWStacking) to predict the tribological properties of small sample composite lithium-based grease. The tribological test selected ILs-WS2 and ILs-MoS2 as additives and used MFT-R4000 reciprocating friction and wear machine to investigate the tribological properties of lubricating grease. Firstly, machine learning models with excellent performance were selected as the base learners. Secondly, the Lévy flight strategy and golden sine algorithm were introduced to improve whale optimization algorithm (LGWOA). Finally, based on LGWOA and base learner performance, the model adjustment coefficient was optimized adaptively. The corresponding weights were assigned to base learners according to prediction precision, goodness of fit, and adjustment coefficient of each base learner. Weighted summation was realized. The experimental results demonstrated LGWOA-AFWStacking model could effectively predict the frictional properties of composite lithium-based grease, with predicted R2 values of 0.972 and 0.914 for average friction coefficient and wear width, respectively.
Glycoproteins gM and gN are indispensable factors for rhesus macaque rhadinovirus replication and spread but can be reconstituted by KSHV chimeras
Authors: Golas Gavin , Park Byung S. , Wong Scott W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) is a primate gamma-2 herpesvirus (rhadinovirus) closely related to Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), the human oncovirus that causes Kaposi sarcoma. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV and RRV encode numerous envelope glycoproteins involved in cell attachment, entry, as well as assembly and release of progeny virions from infected cells. Two glycoproteins postulated to form a complex and reported to be virus-neutralizing targets are glycoproteins M (gM) and N (gN). To investigate gM and gN in rhadinovirus infection, we utilized infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC). RRV BACmids with nonsense mutations introduced into gM or gN did not yield an infectious virus. However, when gM or gN of RRV were exchanged for gM or gN from KSHV, each of the KSHV-chimeric RRV BACmids restored virus replication and infectious spread. Interestingly, we also discovered that the substitution of KSHVgM into the RRV BACmid was associated with attenuation in viral spread, an effect that was not countered by a double-chimeric virus. In contrast, the substitution of RRV gN into a KSHV BACmid negatively affected the assembly of KSHV, independent of gM/gN complex formation. Therefore, here, we revealed that in KSHV and RRV, gM and gN are interchangeable, contribute to crucial functions for viral assembly and spread, and have evolved in a virus-specific manner. Although more research is needed to define the roles of gM and gN, our work establishes the first glycoprotein-chimeric viruses for KSHV and RRV, which can now be used to corroborate gM/gN as targets for a cancer vaccine.

IMPORTANCE

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a human cancer caused by KSHV and is one of the most frequently occurring cancers in HIV/AIDS patients, as well as in regions where KSHV is endemic. In this report, we have constructed and authenticated the first KSHV glycoprotein-encoding chimeric viruses for evaluations in the RRV/rhesus macaque model and have also uncovered fundamental roles for the glycoproteins gM and gN. Our work is significant by successfully bridging the human-specific, species barrier that has previously restricted preclinical evaluations of the KSHV glycoproteins as vaccine targets
in vivo
. Although there is no KSHV-specific animal model that is widely used, these KSHV-chimeric viruses may be useful as tools to guide future vaccine design and strategy as vaccine candidates progress toward clinical trials.