bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Authors: Katz Teri S. , Mendenhall William M. , Morris Christopher G. , Amdur Robert J. , Hinerman Russell W. , Villaret Douglas B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the role of radiation therapy in patients with nasal cavity and paranasal sinus tumors.Materials and MethodsBetween October 1964 and July 1998, 78 patients with malignant tumors of the nasal cavity (48 patients), ethmoid sinus (24 patients), sphenoid sinus (5 patients), or frontal sinus (1 patient) were treated with curative intent by radiation therapy alone or in the adjuvant setting. There were 25 squamous cell carcinomas, 14 undifferentiated carcinomas, 31 minor salivary gland tumors (adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma), 8 esthesioneuroblastomas, and 1 transitional cell carcinoma. Forty‐seven patients were treated with irradiation alone, 25 with surgery and postoperative irradiation, 2 with preoperative irradiation and surgery, and 4 with chemotherapy in combination with irradiation with or without surgery.ResultsThe 5‐year actuarial local control rate for stage I (limited to the site of origin; 22 patients) was 86%; for stage II (extension to adjacent sites (eg, adjacent sinuses, orbit, pterygomaxillary fossa, nasopharynx; 21 patients) was 65%; and for stage III (destruction of skull base or pterygoid plates, or intracranial extension; 35 patients) was 34%. The 5‐year actuarial local control rate for patients receiving postoperative irradiation was 79% and for patients receiving irradiation alone was 49% (p = .05). The 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year ultimate local control rates for all 78 patients were 60%, 56%, 48%, and 48%, respectively. The 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year cause‐specific survival rates for all 78 patients were 56%, 45%, 39%, and 39%, respectively. The 5‐, 10‐, 15‐, and 20‐year absolute survival rates for all 78 patients were 50%, 31%, 21%, and 16%, respectively. Of the 67 (86%) patients who were initially seen with node‐negative disease, 39 (58%) received no elective neck treatment, and 28 (42%) received elective neck irradiation. Of the 39 patients who received no elective neck treatment, 33 (85%) did not experience recurrence in the neck compared with 25 (89%) of 28 patients who received elective neck irradiation. Most patients who received elective neck irradiation (57%) had stage III disease. Twenty‐one (27%) of 78 patients had unilateral blindness develop secondary to radiation retinopathy or optic neuropathy; the complication was anticipated in most of these patients, because the ipsilateral eye was irradiated to a high dose. Four patients (5%) unexpectedly had bilateral blindness develop because of optic neuropathy. All four of these patients received irradiation alone.ConclusionSurgery and postoperative radiation therapy may result in improved local control, absolute survival, and complications when compared with radiation therapy alone. Elective neck irradiation is probably unnecessary for patients with early‐stage disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 821–829, 2002
HR Professionals' beliefs about effective human resource practices: correspondence between research and practice
Authors: Rynes Sara L. , Colbert Amy E. , Brown Kenneth G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFive thousand human resource (HR) professionals were surveyed regarding the extent to which they
agreed with various HR research findings. Responses from 959 participants suggest that there are large
discrepancies between research findings and practitioners' beliefs in some content areas, especially
selection. In particular, practitioners place far less faith in intelligence and personality tests as predictors
of employee performance than HR research would recommend. Practitioners are somewhat more likely to agree with
research findings when they are at higher organizational levels, have SPHR certification, and read the academic
literature. Suggestions are made for more effective dissemination of HR research findings. © 2002 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Human Resources Management in the Public Sector
Authors: Gowing Marilyn K. , Lindholm Mary Lou 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis is the lead article for a special issue on “Human Resources Management in the Public Sector.”

The article describes how the special issue came about and presents a number of governmental initiatives

spearheaded by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, corporate HR for the federal government. This issue also

showcases one state and one municipal government with award‐winning HR departments. The special issue

highlights the empirical research supporting government competency models, innovative assessments, and surveys of

organizational culture and customer satisfaction. With nearly two million civilian employees, the federal

government is the largest employer in the country. This is a success story! © 2002 Wiley Periodicals,

Inc.
A common language for classifying and describing occupations: The development, structure, and application of the standard occupational classification
Authors: Pollack Leslie J. , Simons Craig , Romero Henry , Hausser Doris 
Published: October 2002

AbstractToday's technology‐driven global economy forces job seekers, employees, human resources
professionals, and managers to work smarter and faster to take advantage of a changing labor market. A common
language for describing job titles and task/competency‐based occupational clusters will facilitate
crucial information sharing critical to meeting today's HR challenges. The Standard Occupational
Classification (SOC) captures the current occupational structure, and can be used by the public and
private sectors to share information on all types of jobs. This article discusses the development and applications
of the new SOC that will help job seekers, employees, human resources professionals, and management. © 2002
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human resources initiatives support Virginia Beach's transformation to a quality service system
Authors: Stackhouse Fagan D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the evolution of the Virginia Beach Quality Service system and describes

how human resources' initiatives integrate into the citywide strategy. The city's strategy supports the

Virginia Beach City Council's “Destination Points” that are linked to the six city businesses

and common resources areas. The six businesses and common resource areas have associated outcomes with plans of

action and milestones to document results. Virginia Beach, the largest city in Virginia with a population of

approximately 435,000, received the U.S. Senate Productivity and Quality Award for Virginia in 1999. © 2002

Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel gene, NMES1, downregulated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jin , Wang Huixin , Lu Ailing , Hu Gengxi , Luo Aiping , Ding Fang , Zhang Jian , Wang Xiuqin , Wu Min , Liu Zhihua 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTo isolate genes with different expression levels in human esophageal SCC, SSH and reverse Northern were performed between cancer tissue and its normal counterpart. Among the differentially expressed genes identified, we report here cDNA corresponding to a 0.88 kb mRNA (NMES1), whose expression was observed in all 36 adjacent normal esophageal mucosae, while 31 (86%) matched cancer tissues showed a marked reduction or complete lack of its expression. Sequence analysis of its full‐length cDNA revealed a gene encoding a predicted polypeptide of 9 kDa. Northern blot showed that NMES1 was distributed mainly in the alimentary tract. The gene was mapped to 15q21.1 by screening the GenBridge 4 RH panel. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the downregulation of NMES1 in esophageal SCC at the protein level and showed that it is a nuclear protein. In situ hybridization revealed its different expression during mouse embryonic development, especially in bone, brain, stomach and intestine. The negative correlation of NMES1 expression with esophageal oncogenesis suggests its suppressive role in tumorigenesis of the esophagus, while the precise function of NMES1 still needs further investigation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenylbutyrate inhibits the invasive properties of prostate and breast cancer cell lines in the sea urchin embryo basement membrane invasion assay
Authors: Dyer Erica S. , Paulsen Michelle T. , Markwart Sonja M. , Goh Meidee , Livant Donna L. , Ljungman Mats 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHistone deacetylase inhibitors, such as phenylbutyrate, are currently undergoing clinical trials as potential anticancer agents. Phenylbutyrate can induce cell differentiation and apoptosis in a number of cancer cell types and can act in synergy with ionizing radiation and chemotherapy to induce apoptosis. We used the sea urchin embryo basement membrane invasion assay to show that phenylbutyrate potently inhibited the invasive properties of both prostate and breast cancer cells at clinically achievable doses. This inhibition was dose‐dependent and persisted for at least 24 hr after the drug was removed. These results suggest that in addition to activating apoptosis in cancer cells, phenylbutyrate may be used in prevention of metastatic disease. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Labeled EGFr‐TK irreversible inhibitor (ML03): In vitro and in vivo properties, potential as PET biomarker for cancer and feasibility as anticancer drug
Authors: Ortu Giuseppina , Ben‐David Iris , Rozen Yulia , Freedman Nanette M.T. , Chisin Roland , Levitzki Alexander , Mishani Eyal 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRadiosynthesis of ML03 (N‐{4‐[(4,5‐dichloro‐2‐fluorophenyl)amino]quinazolin‐6‐yl}acrylamide), an irreversible EGFr‐TK inhibitor, was developed. Its in vitro and in vivo properties, its potential as PET biomarker in cancer and the feasibility of this type of compounds to be used as anticancer drug agents were evaluated. The compound was labeled with carbon‐11 at the acryloyl amide group, via automated method with high yield, chemical and radiochemical purities. ELISA carried out with A431 lysate showed high potency of ML03 with an apparent IC50 of 0.037 nM. The irreversible binding nature of ML03 was studied and 97.5% EGFr‐TK autophosphorylation inhibition was observed in intact A431 cells 8 hr post incubation with the inhibitor. Specific binding (67%) of [11C]ML03 was obtained in cells. An A431 tumor‐bearing rat model was developed and the validity of the model was tested. In biodistribution studies carried out with tumor‐bearing rats, moderate uptake was observed in tumor and high uptake in liver, kidney and intestine. In metabolic studies, fast degradation of [11C]ML03 was observed in liver and blood indicating a short half‐life of the compound in the body. PET scan with tumor‐bearing rats confirmed the results obtained in the ex vivo biodistribution studies. Although in vitro experiments may indicate efficacy of ML03, non‐specific binding, ligand delivery and degradation in vivo make ML03 ineffective as PET bioprobe. Derivatives of ML03 with lower metabolic clearance rate and higher bioavailability should be synthesized and their potential as anticancer drugs and PET bioprobes evaluated. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of cadherin‐8 in renal cell carcinoma and fetal kidney
Authors: Blaschke Sabine , Mueller Claudia A. , Markovic‐Lipkovski Jasmina , Puch Sabine , Miosge Nicolai , Becker Volker , Mueller Gerhard A. , Klein Gerd 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCadherins represent a family of calcium‐dependent cell adhesion molecules with an important regulatory function for maintenance of tissue architecture. Alterations of cadherin expression have been demonstrated in the development and progression of different epithelial tumors. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the majority of tumors express N‐cadherin and cadherin‐6. Screening a series of 16 RCC cell lines for the expression of different novel type II cadherins by RT‐PCR revealed a complex pattern of cadherin expression: cadherins 6 and 14 were expressed in most of the RCC cell lines, whereas cadherins 11, 12 and 13 could not be detected at all. Interestingly, cadherin‐8, previously shown in mice to be restricted to the CNS and thymus during development, was detected by RT‐PCR, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization in 4 of 16 RCC cell lines as well as in paraffin sections of the corresponding human RCC biopsies. In normal renal tissue, however, cadherin‐8 could be detected only during the early stages of kidney development. These results suggest that alterations of type II cadherin expression may play a role in RCC development. In particular, cadherin‐8 may be involved in both kidney morphogenesis as well as tumorigenesis in some types of RCC. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene expression analysis of human thymoma correlates with tumor stage
Authors: Sasaki Hidefumi , Ide Nobuyuki , Fukai Ichiro , Kiriyama Masanobu , Yamakawa Yosuke , Fujii Yoshitaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThymoma is one of the most common solid tumors in the mediastinum. The recent development of high‐density oligonucleotide arrays provides a unique opportunity to generate gene expression profiles of cells from various stages of tumor progression as it occurs in actual neoplastic tissues. We used oligonucleotide arrays to monitor in vivo gene expression levels in early‐ (stage I or II) and late‐ (stage IVa) stage thymoma tissues in 36 patients. These in vivo gene expression profiles were verified by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR using LightCycler. Using both methods, 2 candidate genes were identified that were more highly expressed in advanced‐stage thymomas. One was a well‐known gene, c‐JUN, and another was an unknown gene, AL050002. AL050002 expression, but not c‐JUN expression, was also correlated with the WHO classification (type B3 vs. type B1, B2 or AB). The combined use of oligonucleotide microarray and real‐time RT‐PCR analyses provides a powerful new approach to elucidate the in vivo molecular events correlated with tumor stage of thymoma. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are there two sides to colorectal cancer?
Authors: Iacopetta Barry 
Published: October 2002

AbstractColorectal carcinomas (CRC) that arise proximal (right) or distal (left) to the splenic flexure exhibit differences in incidence according to geographic region, age and gender. Together with observations that tumours in the hereditary cancer syndromes HNPCC and FAP occur predominantly in the right and left colon, respectively, the existence of 2 categories of CRC based on site of origin in the large bowel was proposed more than a decade ago. Differences between normal right and left colonic segments that could favour progression through different tumourigenic pathways are summarized in this review. Accumulating evidence suggests that the risk of CRC conferred by various environmental and genetic factors is different for proximal and distal tumours. Right‐ and left‐sided tumours also exhibit different sensitivities to fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy. Such differences are probably related to the molecular characteristics of the tumours, with the microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotypes being associated with right‐sided tumours and chromosomal instability with left‐sided tumours. Future molecular‐based classification systems for CRC that rely upon distinctive gene expression patterns may allow a clearer discrimination of subgroups than that provided by tumour site alone. Until then however, the existence of 2 broadly different groups of cancer defined by site of origin in the colon should be considered in the design of future epidemiologic studies as well as in the design of new clinical trials aimed at testing novel adjuvant therapies. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophysiological analysis of synaptic interactions within peg sensilla of scorpion pectines
Authors: Gaffin Douglas D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPectines are unique, midventral sensory appendages that help direct mating and food‐finding behaviors in scorpions. Dense two‐dimensional arrays of bimodally sensitive (chemical and mechanical) peg sensilla form the primary sensory structures on pectines. Several qualities of peg sensilla make them well suited to electrophysiological investigation, including accessibility, stability of extracellular recordings, and the ease with which spiking cells can be identified and categorized. Cross‐correlations of spontaneous neural activity show signs of synaptic interactions between sensillar neurons in all species examined to date (Paruroctonus mesaensis,Hadrurus arizonensis,Centruroides vittatus) representing three families and two superfamilies. Both excitatory and inhibitory interactions have been observed, as well as possible dyadic synaptic arrangement. Computer simulations of cross‐correlograms are consistent with experimental data and may help provide additional insight into functionality of synaptic connections. Intra‐sensillar interactions, coupled with the topographic order of peg sensilla and their central nervous system projections, may allow scorpions to precisely resolve microfeatures of chemical stimuli. Future research directions include inter‐sensillar recordings to determine whether synaptic interactions extend between adjacent sensilla. Other unresolved questions that can be approached electrophysiologically are whether mechanosensory cells interact with chemosensitive cells and how the synaptic circuits function under specific chemical and mechanical stimulation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:325–334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efferent innervation of photoreceptors in spiders
Authors: Yamashita Shigeki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe anterior median (AM) eye of the nocturnal spider Araneus ventricosus showed a marked circadian oscillation of sensitivity, but that of the diurnal spider Menemerus confusus showed no circadian oscillation. The AM eyes of the noct/diurnal spiders Argiope amoena and A. bruennichii have two types of photoreceptor cells with different sensitivities. The more sensitive cells showed a circadian oscillation of sensitivity, but the less sensitive cells did not. The circadian sensitivity change of the eyes was controlled by efferent neurosecretory fibers in the optic nerve. Illuminating the brain increased the frequency of efferent impulses in the optic nerve of Argiope, showing that certain photosensitive neurons are present in the brain. However, it seemed that the cerebral photosensitive neurons may be different from the efferent neurosecretory cells. The response of the cerebral photosensitive neurons increased transiently following diminution of the light intensity striking the eyes. The interaction between the cerebral photosensitive neurons and the eyes seemed to play a role in increasing this response. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:356–364, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfer of maternally administered fusogenic liposome‐DNA complexes into monkey fetuses in a pregnancy model
Authors: Hirano Makoto , Nakamura Shin , Mitsunaga Fusako , Okada Maki , Shimuzu Keiko , Imamura Takahisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundMaterno‐fetal transfer of intravenously administered liposome‐plasmid DNA complexes has been demonstrated only in mice. Studies on its materno‐fetal transfer in the pregnant monkey model is needed because of critical differences in placental structure between primates including humans and rodents.MethodsThe reporter plasmid pEGFP‐C1 was formulated in cationic lipid containing polybrene and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. The fusogenic liposome‐plasmid DNA complexes were intradermally injected into pregnant common marmosets (N=2), a New World monkey, near term. DNA extracted from fetal tissues was subjected to PCR for detection of theegfpgene. Confocal microscopy and immunostaining were performed to determine the sites of transgene expression in the fetal organs.ResultsTheegfpgene was detected in fetal blood and major organs (heart, liver, lung). The encoded protein was mainly produced in the endothelial cells of blood vessels in the fetal lungs.ConclusionsThis is the first report on materno‐fetal transfer of intradermally administered fusogenic liposome‐plasmid DNA complexes and fetal expression of a transgene in primates. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc improves gene transfer mediated by DNA/cationic polymer complexes
Authors: Pichon Chantal , Guérin Brigitte , Réfrégiers Matthieu , Gonçalves Christine , Vigny Paul , Midoux Patrick 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe weak efficiency of plasmid transfer into the cytosol remains one of the major limiting factors to achieve an efficient transfection with DNA/cationic polymer complexes. We found that divalent metal Zn2+ can improve the polyfection efficiency, especially with DNA/histidylated polylysine (His‐pLK) complexes.Methods and resultsThe supplementation of the transfection medium with 250 µM ZnCl2 increased the polyfection of human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells with a plasmid encoding EGFP complexed with pLK, polyethyleneimine and His‐pLK. Zn2+ is more efficient on DNA/His‐pLK complexes: the number of EGFP‐positive cells increased from 1% to more than 40%. This phenomenon is selective to Zn2+ because no effect was obtained with other divalent cations. The effect of zinc varies from cell to cell. The binding of Zn2+ to histidyl residues might increase zinc endosomal concentration favoring membrane fusion. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies clearly indicate that with His‐pLK, the plasmid is better delivered in the cytosol as well as in the cell nucleus in zinc‐treated cells. An investigation conducted with the histidine‐rich peptide H5WYG showed that zinc inhibits membrane permeabilization but promotes membrane fusion as evidenced by resonance energy transfer.ConclusionsData reported here imply that the addition of zinc ions in the transfection medium can trigger an increase of the fusion of endosomes containing polyplexes which is more effective in the presence of histidine‐rich molecules. Consequently, the amount of plasmid in the cytosol available to reach the nucleus is increased leading to an improvement of polyfection. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis C virus particles of different density in the blood of chronically infected immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients: Implications for virus clearance by antibody
Authors: Pumeechockchai W. , Bevitt D. , Agarwal K. , Petropoulou T. , Langer B.C.A. , Belohradsky B. , Bassendine M.F. , Toms G.L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of the humoral immune response on the generation and clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA containing particles in the blood of chronically infected patients. Blood samples were fractionated by sequential flotation ultracentrifugation and HCV RNA was recovered in three fractions: low density of < 1.063 g/ml, intermediate density of 1.063–1.21 g/ml, and high density of > 1.21 g/ml. Serum low‐density lipoproteins co‐fractionated with the low‐density particles, and high‐density lipoproteins co‐fractionated with the intermediate‐density particles. Immunoglobulins were found exclusively in the high‐density fractions. In patients with congenital immunodeficiencies, with no or low serum antibodies to the virus, mean HCV RNA titres were equal in each fraction, at approximately 105 IU/ml. In antibody‐positive, immunocompetent patients, however, virus titres in the low‐density fraction and those in the high‐density fraction were reduced or absent in most patients, suggesting that virus particles in these fractions are subject to antibody‐mediated clearance. Particles of intermediate density were approximately equal in titre in both patient groups, suggesting that these particles are neither generated by, nor cleared, as a result of the humoral immune response. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that particles of intermediate density were not complexed with either high‐density lipoprotein or immunoglobulins. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which these particles are generated and maintained in the blood may provide valuable insight into the mechanism of virus persistence. J. Med. Virol. 68:335–342, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.