bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and demographic factors modify the association between plasma phosphorylated tau-181 and cognition
Authors: Bolton Corey J. , Steinbach Marilyn , Khan Omair A. , Liu Dandan , O’Malley Julia , Dumitrescu Logan , Peterson Amalia , Jefferson Angela L. , Hohman Timothy J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Gifford Katherine A. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: November 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONPlasma phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181) associations with global cognition and memory are clear, but the link between p-tau181 with other cognitive domains and subjective cognitive decline (SCD) across the clinical spectrum of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and how this association changes based on genetic and demographic factors is poorly understood.METHODSParticipants were drawn from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and included 1185 adults aged >55 years with plasma p-tau181 and neuropsychological test data. Linear regression models related plasma p-tau181 to neuropsychological composite and SCD scores with follow-up models examining plasma p-tau181 interactions with cognitive diagnosis,APOEε4 carrier status, age, and sex on cognitive outcomes.RESULTSHigher plasma p-tau181 was associated with worse memory, executive functioning, and language abilities, and greater informant-reported SCD. Visuospatial abilities and self-report SCD were not associated with plasma p-tau181. Associations were generally stronger in MCI or dementia,APOEε4 carriers, women, and younger participants.DISCUSSIONHigher levels of plasma p-tau181 are associated with worse neuropsychological test performance across multiple cognitive domains; however, these associations vary based on disease stage, genetic risk status, age, and sex.
Real-world comparative effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 among adults aged ≥65 years in the United States
Authors: Kirk Brenna , Bush Chris , Toyip Astra , Mues Katherine E. , Beck Ekkehard , Li Linwei , St. Laurent Samantha , Georgieva Mihaela , Marks Morgan A. , Sun Tianyu , Esposito Daina B. , Martin David , Van de Velde Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionTo compare the real-world effectiveness of a third dose of mRNA-1273 versus a third dose of BNT162b2 against breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalizations among adults age ≥65 years who completed a primary series of an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine (regardless of which primary series was received).Materials and methodsThis observational comparative vaccine effectiveness (VE) study was conducted using administrative claims data from the US HealthVerity database (September 22, 2021, to August 31, 2022). A third dose of mRNA-1273 versus BNT162b2 was assessed for preventing COVID-19 hospitalizations and medically attended COVID-19 among adults ≥65 years. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance baseline characteristics between vaccine groups. Incidence rates from patient-level data and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using weighted Cox proportional hazards models were calculated to estimate relative VE for each outcome.ResultsOverall, 94,587 and 92,377 individuals received a third dose of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, respectively. Among the weighted population, the median age was 69 years (interquartile range, 66-74), 53% were female, and 46% were commercially insured. COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 1000 person-years (PYs) were 5.61 (95% CI, 5.13-6.09) for mRNA-1273 and 7.06 (95% CI, 6.54-7.57) for BNT162b2 (HR, 0.82; 0.69-0.98). Medically attended COVID-19 rates per 1000 PYs (95% CI) were 95.05 (95% CI, 93.03-97.06) for mRNA-1273 and 106.55 (95% CI, 104.53-108.57) for BNT162b2 (HR, 0.93; 0.89-0.98).ConclusionsResults from this observational comparative VE database study provide evidence that among older adults, a third dose of mRNA-1273 was more effective in preventing breakthrough COVID-19 hospitalization and medically attended COVID-19 infection compared with a third dose of BNT162b2.
Cell type-specific translational regulation by human DUS enzymes
Authors: Yu Nathan J. , Dai Wei , Li Ang , He Muhan , Kleiner Ralph E. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTDihydrouridine is an abundant and conserved modified nucleoside present on tRNA, but characterization and functional studies of modification sites and associated DUS writer enzymes in mammals is lacking. Here we use a chemical probing strategy, RNABPP-PS, to identify 5-chlorouridine as an activity-based probe for human DUS enzymes. We map D modifications using RNA-protein crosslinking and chemical transformation and mutational profiling to reveal D modification sites on human tRNAs. Further, we knock out individual DUS genes in two human cell lines to investigate regulation of tRNA expression levels and codon-specific translation. We show that whereas D modifications are present across most tRNA species, loss of D only perturbs the translational function of a subset of tRNAs in a cell type-specific manner. Our work provides powerful chemical strategies for investigating D and DUS enzymes in diverse biological systems and provides insight into the role of a ubiquitous tRNA modification in translational regulation.
Determinants of higher education quality in Afghanistan's higher education sector: insights from students' perceptions
Authors: Wani Nassir Ul Haq , Deshpande Amruta , Sidana Neeru , Rasa Mohammad Mirwais 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThe fundamental purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of higher education quality in Afghanistan based on insights from student perceptions. Understanding this part holds paramount importance in enunciating sound policies for the smooth functioning of the higher education sector of Afghanistan.Design/methodology/approachThis study aims to classify students' background and demographic data, distinguishing their perception of higher education quality using a deductive research approach. A sample of 418 students from five top private universities in Afghanistan was chosen to assess their perceptions of higher education dimensions by employing a multinomial regression analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that extracurricular activities, students' scholarship status, parents' education, age, previous academic results and the university they attend significantly impact their perception of the quality of higher education.Practical implicationsThis research is essential for education policymakers and university administrators. These findings can be replicated to develop regulations and target specific groups of students to ensure a favourable academic environment and boost the brand image of their universities. This would ensure long-term quality improvement and assurance outcomes, allowing higher education institutions to compete with regional and international institutions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to identifying the determinants of higher education quality based on the perceptions of the students in Afghanistan.
Revolutionizing family businesses with artificial intelligence: a perspective article
Authors: Sawang Sukanlaya , Kivits Robbert Anton 
Published: November 2023

PurposeThis perspective article addresses the essential need to comprehend what artificial intelligence (AI) entails and how it can revolutionize the family business sector.Design/methodology/approachThis article presents a literature review and the authors' perspectives to unravel the potential benefits of AI in family businesses.FindingsIt is crucial to understand what AI is and its various types before the authors can discern which AI tools can be beneficial or tailored to family businesses. A promising area for future research is the use of Theory of Mind AI, which can help minimize conflicts of interest among family business members and assist in clear decision-making and succession planning. However, integrating AI brings about ethical implications, such as data privacy concerns, the need for transparency in AI decision-making and the necessity to ensure fair AI practices. These are all critical issues that the future research will need to tackle.Originality/valueThis article emphasizes the potential of AI to be customized and incorporated to tackle the distinct dynamics, obstacles and opportunities prevalent in family-owned businesses. It also proposes future research areas that could enhance the application of AI in such enterprises.
Sociolinguistic Typology Meets Historical Corpus Linguistics
Authors: Walkden George , McCarley Gemma Hunter , Montero Raquel , Rolf Molly , Einhaus Sarah , Kauhanen Henri 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper makes the case for using historical corpora to assess questions of sociolinguistic typology. A full account of any contact‐induced change will need to establish what the linguistic innovation in question was, who was in contact, where and when the contact took place and how the change happened, both at the individual level and at the population level. The historical corpus approach complements other methods by narrowing down the where and the when, allowing us to develop a clearer picture of how the change diffused. In support of our approach, we present three case studies of potential morphosyntactic simplification using quantitative evidence gleaned from historical corpora: the loss of number concord in the history of English, change in the null‐subject system(s) of Latin American Spanish and reduction of the case system in the history of Balkan Slavic. All three cases allow us to test theoretical predictions and uncover new influencing factors in a way that would be impossible without fine‐grained quantitative corpus research.
Improving Agricultural Policy Decisions through Replications
Authors: Finger Robert , Grebitus Carola , Henningsen Arne 
Published: November 2023

SummaryCurrently, policy decisions are often made based on untested scientific results. Replication studies repeat previously published research and, thus, are an effective way to test the validity and reliability of research studies, as well as to test the potential for generalisations of such studies. Replications can contribute to improved policy decisions and thus more efficient use of resources. To date, very few replications of research in agricultural economics are available and the incentives to engage in replications are low. Moreover, the conditions for replicating studies are poor. For example, published articles often lack full transparency in terms of documentation, data and computer code. This Point de Vue highlights the advantages of striving for conditions that facilitate replication studies and foster such a culture in agricultural economics. Policymakers could explicitly invite and support replications of studies that are key for good policymaking. To this end, they can address both demand‐side and supply‐side problems of replications, for example, by inviting, valuing and supporting replications of policy‐relevant analyses and by providing institutional and legal infrastructure facilitating open science and replications. With this, policy can support the agricultural economics profession, while agricultural economists can support sound policymaking, both reaping the benefits of a more transparent research culture.
Gender differences in the prevalence of stimulant misuse in the United States: 2015–2019
Authors: McHugh R. Kathryn , Korte Francesca M. , Bichon Juliette A. , Weiss Roger D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe gender gap in prevalence of substance‐use disorders has narrowed. However, gender differences in stimulant misuse have not been well‐characterized in recent years. The aim of this study was to quantify gender differences in past‐year stimulant misuse and stimulant‐use disorder, separated by stimulant type (cocaine/crack, prescription stimulants, and methamphetamine). In an exploratory aim, we investigated whether gender differences were moderated by age or sexual orientation.MethodsWe combined data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015 to 2019 (unweighted N = 282,768) to test gender differences in the prevalence of past‐year stimulant misuse.ResultsResults indicated that stimulant misuse was significantly more prevalent in men than women for all stimulant types for both past‐year use and past‐year use disorder. The magnitude of this sex difference was smallest for prescription stimulants, where men had 1.37 times higher odds of past‐year misuse and no gender difference was observed in the prevalence of prescription stimulant‐use disorder. The magnitude of gender differences also varied based on both age and sexual orientation.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceIllicit stimulant misuse continues to be more common in men than in women; however, gender differences are more modest for prescription stimulant misuse, suggesting a narrowing of this historical gender difference.
Trends in cocaine use among United States females of reproductive age, 2005–2019
Authors: Orndorff Madelyn , Shipp Gayle M. , Kerver Jean M. , Ondersma Steven J. , Alshaarawy Omayma 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe prevalence of cocaine use has increased in the United States, with an estimated 5.5 million people have used it at least once in 2019. We report trends in cocaine use for reproductive age females who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH, 2005–2019).MethodsInterviewers for NSDUH recruited and assessed a representative sample of the US noninstitutionalized population. The prevalence of cocaine use was estimated annually for females (15–44 years; n = 295,751). Joinpoint regression was then used to test for significant changes in trends.ResultsApproximately 2.4% of females (n = 8136) reported past 12‐month cocaine use. Joinpoint regression revealed an initial decline in cocaine use prevalence between 2005 and 2011, followed by a robust increase (2011–2019 annual percent change = 5.2; 95% confidence interval = 2.6, 7.8%). This nonlinear trend was observed for all subgroups, except for adolescent and pregnant females for whom a decrease in cocaine use prevalence was observed.Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough the prevalence of cocaine use remains scarce among US females, the uptake in use after a period of initial decline is concerning, highlighting the need for continued public health awareness and action.Scientific SignificanceCocaine use among females of reproductive age is particularly concerning given the increased likelihood of transitioning to disordered use and the risk of use during pregnancy. Previous studies have not reported cocaine use estimates specific to reproductive age females or only reported co‐drug use patterns, without detail of specific cocaine use trends.
‘Othering’ the unprepared: Exploring the foodwork of Brexit‐prepping mothers
Authors: Kerrane Ben , Kerrane Katy , Bettany Shona , Rowe David 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe explore the foodwork performed by white middle‐class mothers in the United Kingdom who were preparing to feed their families in anticipation of post‐Brexit resource scarcity. We illustrate their laborious preparations (‘prep‐work’) as they stockpiled items (mostly food) in anticipation of shortages. We reveal tensions in how they envisaged how (and who) to feed. Analysis reveals how our (privileged, white middle‐class) participants enrolled ‘good’ motherhood into prep‐work and engaged in a new form of ‘othering’. Non‐prepping ‘(m)others’ were positioned as deficient, ‘bad’ parents due to failure to save children from post‐Brexit risk/hunger, and participants downplayed their own (classed and material) advantage in being able to prepare. By exploring their prep‐work accounts, we illustrate how they assumed a morally superior motherhood position to the non‐prepared underclass and make several contributions. First, we extend foodwork categories, recognizing additional foodwork of managing and hiding stockpiles (given stigma/ridicule surrounding prep‐work). Second, we illustrate the darker side of motherhood that prep‐work revealed, which clashes with elements of intensive motherhood ideology. Third, we illuminate the ‘othering’ of a new parental underclass: the unprepared.
Effect and mechanism of Fe2O3 decomposition in the preparation of foaming ceramics from industrial solid waste
Authors: Chen Shize , Luo Liming , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Lei Jie , Wu Mengji , Wang Can , Huang Shaokun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMgO–Al2O3–SiO2 foam ceramics were prepared by direct sintering of asbestos tailings and coal fly ash by spontaneous bubble process. By X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermodynamic analysis, the effect of Fe2O3 decomposition on the preparation of foaming ceramics from industrial solid waste and the pore‐forming process was studied. The results show that the foaming effect of foaming ceramics with higher raw iron content is better when the roasting temperature is higher. Increasing the content of iron is beneficial to the formation of cordierite, and increasing the roasting temperature is beneficial to the relative content of spinel in foaming ceramics. Combined with the change in the Fe valence state, content in porous ceramic samples, and thermodynamic analysis of the product, it is found that Fe2O3 decomposition is the fundamental cause of ceramic foaming at high temperature. Fe2+ produced after decomposition replaces Mg2+ into spinel and cordierite structures, and the O2 produced by decomposition cannot be discharged in time to cause ceramic foaming. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the preparation of industrial solid waste foamed ceramics.
Effect of glucagon on ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion and on ventricular automaticity in the dog
Authors: MADAN B. R. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
In anaesthetized dogs, glucagon (100 μg/kg i.v.), caused a significant increase in heart rate and decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. Ventricular automaticity, as determined by the time to the onset of first vagal escape beat and the number of such indioventricular beats during the 30 s period of vagal stimulation, was not significantly altered.
In unanaesthetized dogs with ventricular arrhythmias produced by two‐stage ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, glucagon (30 and 100 μg/kg i.v.), restored normal sinus rhythm in a few animals. In the remaining dogs, there was a significant reduction in the ventricular ectopic activity.
The significant positive chronotropic response to glucagon elicited in anaesthetized animals was not observed in conscious dogs whose coronary arteries had been ligated.
These findings enhance the potential usefulness of glucagon in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, which may often be associated with disturbances of ventricular rhythm.
In the light of observations made by other workers, it is suggested that the antiarrhythmic effect of glucagon may be due to movement of potassium ions into the cardiac cell.
Chloroquine concentrations in the skin of rabbits and man
Authors: OLATUNDE I. A. 
Published: November 2023

Summary
Chloroquine was given by a single intravenous injection to rabbits and to two groups of patients. The concentrations of the drug and its more polar metabolites in plasma and tissue were measured by a fluorometric method.
The concentrations of chloroquine in rabbit liver exceeded those in skin and these in turn exceeded those in plasma. Chloroquine concentrations in rabbit skin were fairly steady between 24 and 72 h after injection. Chloroquine was still present in skin 30 days after the injection. Metabolites of chloroquine were present in plasma, skin and liver.
Skin was taken from patients 48 h after an intravenous dose of chloroquine (1·25 mg/kg). Skin from patients prone to chloroquine‐induced pruritus contained higher concentrations of chloroquine (P<0·01) and lower concentrations of metabolites (P<0·01) than skin from other patients.
It is suggested that increased liability to chloroquine‐induced pruritus may be associated with a lower rate of chloroquine metabolism.
Sexual dimorphic distribution of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 in pain‐related regions of the mouse brain
Authors: Li You , Jiang Zhenhua , Zuo Wenqiang , Huang Chenchen , Zhao Jianshuai , Liu Peizheng , Wang Jiajia , Guo Jingzhi , Zhang Xiao , Wang Minghui , Lu Yan , Hou Wugang , Wang Qun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSex differences in pain sensitivity have contributed to the fact that medications for curing chronic pain are unsatisfactory. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Brain‐derived estrogen participates in modulation of sex differences in pain and related emotion. G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), identified as a novel estrogen receptor with a different distribution than traditional receptors, has been proved to play a vital role in regulating pain affected by estrogen. However, the contribution of its distribution to sexually dimorphic pain‐related behaviors has not been fully explored. In the current study, immunofluorescence assays were applied to mark the neurons expressing GPR30 in male and female mice (in metestrus and proestrus phase) in pain‐related brain regions. The neurons that express CaMKIIα or VGAT were also labeled to observe overlap with GPR30. We found that females had more GPR30‐positive (GPR30+) neurons in the primary somatosensory (S1) and insular cortex (IC) than males. In the lateral habenula (LHb) and the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), males had more GPR30+ neurons than females. Moreover, within the LHb, the expression of GPR30 varied with estrous cycle phase; females in metestrus had fewer GPR30+ neurons than those in proestrus. In addition, females had more GPR30+ neurons, which co‐expressed CaMKIIα in the medial preoptic nucleus (mPOA) than males, while males had more than females in the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA). These findings may partly explain the different modulatory effects of GPR30 in pain and related emotional phenotypes between sexes and provide a basis for comprehension of sexual dimorphism in pain related to estrogen and GPR30, and finally provide new targets for exploiting new treatments of sex‐specific pain.image
Rhizobium symbiotic efficiency meets CEP signaling peptides
Authors: Laffont Carole , Frugier Florian 
Published: November 2023

SummaryC‐terminally encoded peptides (CEP) signaling peptides are drivers of systemic pathways regulating nitrogen (N) acquisition in different plants, from Arabidopsis to legumes, depending on mineral N availability (e.g. nitrate) and on the whole plant N demand. Recent studies in the Medicago truncatula model legume revealed how root‐produced CEP peptides control the root competence for endosymbiosis with N fixing rhizobia soil bacteria through the activity of the Compact Root Architecture 2 (CRA2) CEP receptor in shoots. Among CEP genes, MtCEP7 was shown to be tightly linked to nodulation, and the dynamic temporal regulation of its expression reflects the plant ability to maintain a different symbiotic root competence window depending on the symbiotic efficiency of the rhizobium strain, as well as to reinitiate a new window of root competence for nodulation.
Beam merging assisted by a bent crystal
Authors: Scandale W. , Cerutti F. , Esposito L. S. , Gilardoni S. , Losito R. , Smirnov G. I. , Giribono A. , Bauce M. , Collamati F. , Valente P. , Variola A. , Galluccio F. , Hall G. , Pesaresi M. , Uchida K. , Rossi R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBunch merging is a well-established technique to increase the intensity of synchrotrons and the luminosity of circular colliders. We suggest to exploit a combination of channeling, volume reflection and amorphous interactions in a bent crystal for beam merging in a transfer line. Two beams converging into the bent crystal along special directions should emerge in almost parallel directions. A merging scenario is discussed, and data collected by the UA9 Collaboration are reprocessed to prove its feasibility. Comparison with magnetic stacking, which is a similar process, is presented.