bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation‐Targeting Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Photothermal Treatment Attenuate Severe Joint Inflammation
Authors: Shin Min Jun , Park Jun‐Young , Park Jun Young , Lim Su Hyun , Lim Hyoungsub , Choi Jin Kyeong , Park Chul‐Kyu , Kang Youn Joo , Khang Dongwoo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrent clinical therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of osteo‐ and rheumatoid‐arthritis is obviously limited. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as a source of promising regenerative therapy, un‐modified or genetically engineered MSCs injected in vivo restrict their clinical utility because of the low drug efficacy and unpredicted side effect, respectively. Herein, a strategy to enhance the migration efficacy of MSCs to inflamed joints via an inflammation‐mediated education process is demonstrated. To reinforce the limited anti‐inflammatory activity of MSCs, gold nanostar loaded with triamcinolone is conjugated to MSC. Furthermore, near‐infrared laser‐assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) induced by gold nanostar significantly elevates the anti‐inflammatory efficacy of the developed drugs, even in advanced stage arthritis model. An immunological regulation mechanism study of PTT is first suggested in this study; the expression of the interleukin 22 receptor, implicated in the pathogenesis of arthritis, is downregulated in T lymphocytes by PTT, and Th17 differentiation from naïve CD4 T cell is inhibited. Collectively, inflammation‐targeting MSCs conjugated with triamcinolone‐loaded gold nanostar (Edu‐MSCs‐AuS‐TA) promote the repolarization of macrophages and decrease neutrophil recruitment in joints. In addition, Edu‐MSCs‐AuS‐TA significantly alleviate arthritis‐associated pain, improve general locomotor activity, and more importantly, induce cartilage regeneration even for severe stages of arthritis model.
Ultrathin Transparent Nickel Electrodes for Thermoelectric Applications
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Ali , Seijas‐Da Silva Alvaro , Serrano Claumarchirant José Francisco , Gómez Clara M , Abellán Gonzalo , Cantarero Andrés , Canet‐Ferrer Josep 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, ultrathin nickel films are developed for application as transparent electrodes in thermoelectric devices. The quality of the films is determined systematically by electrical, optical, and morphological characterization in a series of samples with different thickness. The thermal properties of the films show a dramatic dependence of the Seebeck coefficient on the film thickness. This dependence, with values ranging from −16 to +5 𝜇V K−1 for thicknesses from 10 to 2 nm, includes a change in the behavior of the thermoelectric response from n‐ to p‐type. It has also been demonstrated that the accurate estimation of the thermal conductivity in thin films is challenging due to substrate effects. In this situation, a differential measurement method based on scanning thermal microscopy is proposed, as in these conditions the measurements are less sensitive to the substrate effects. In further works, the dependence of the thermal properties of ultrathin nickel films can be exploited as a tuning parameter for the design of thermoelectric devices.
Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson Perovskites in Multiple Quantum Wells Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Yudco Shir , Etgar Lioz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow dimensional perovskite forms multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structures that can be an efficient structure for light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here the use of different barrier molecules is demonstrated to create Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson 2D perovskite and implement them in LEDs. It is found that the aromatic barrier molecules are better performing in Perovskite LED (PeLED) compared to linear barrier molecules. The benzylammonium (BnzA), n = 5, shows the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.65% compared to the di‐ammonium and the linear barrier molecules. The BnzA forms n = 1 inside the 3D perovskite, which provides a non‐radiative energy transfer from the wider bandgap, n = 1 perovskite, to the smaller bandgap, 3D perovskite, that presents radiative recombination. Optical characterizations support the MQW structure whereas physical characterizations show unique morphology of separate nanocrystals laying on top of thin perovskite film during the n = 5 BnzA crystallization. In addition, it is revealed that the barrier molecule type, in this case, the BnzA, is responsible for the formation of the MQW structure whereas other barrier molecules didn't show this structure. The formation of an additional low n‐value phase inside the 3D perovskite is beneficial for the enhancement of the radiative recombination which results in high EQE.
Pharmaceutical Manipulation of Mitochondrial F0F1‐ATP Synthase Enables Imaging and Protection of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Stress‐induced Selective Enrichment
Authors: Chen Zelin , Tan Xu , Jin Taotao , Wang Yu , Dai Linyong , Shen Gufang , Zhang Can , Qu Langfan , Long Lei , Shen Chongxing , Cao Xiaohui , Wang Jianwu , Li Huijuan , Yue Xiaofeng , Shi Chunmeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo rescue ischemic myocardium from progressing to myocardial infarction, timely identification of the infarct size and reperfusion is crucial. However, fast and accurate identification, as well as the targeted protection of injured cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, remain significantly challenging. Here, a near infrared heptamethine dye IR‐780 is shown that has the potential to quickly monitor the area at risk following I/R injury by selectively entering the cardiomyocytes of the at‐risk heart tissues. Preconditioning with IR‐780 or timely IR‐780 administration before reperfusion significantly protects the heart from ischemia and oxidative stress‐induced cell death, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure in both rat and pig models. Furthermore, IR‐780 can directly bind to F0F1‐ATP synthase of cardiomyocytes, rapidly decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential, and subsequently slow down the mitochondrial energy metabolism, which induces the mitochondria into a “quiescent state” and results in mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibition by preventing mitochondrial calcium overload. Collectively, the findings show the feasibility of IR‐780‐based imaging and protection strategy for I/R injury in a preclinical context and indicate that moderate mitochondrial function depression is a mode of action that can be targeted in the development of cardioprotective reagents.
To DISP or Not? The Far‐Reaching Reaction Mechanisms Underpinning Lithium‐Air Batteries
Authors: Jethwa Rajesh B. , Mondal Soumyadip , Pant Bhargavi , Freunberger Stefan A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe short history of research on Li−O2 batteries has seen a remarkable number of mechanistic U‐turns over the years. From the initial use of carbonate electrolytes, that were then found to be entirely unsuitable, to the belief that (su)peroxide was solely responsible for degradation, before the more reactive singlet oxygen was found to form, to the hypothesis that capacity depends on a competing surface/solution mechanism before a practically exclusive solution mechanism was identified. Herein, we argue for an ever‐fresh look at the reported data without bias towards supposedly established explanations. We explain how the latest findings on rate and capacity limits, as well as the origin of side reactions, are connected via the disproportionation (DISP) step in the (dis)charge mechanism. Therefrom, directions emerge for the design of electrolytes and mediators on how to suppress side reactions and to enable high rate and high reversible capacity.
Swelling effect on the microwave pyrolysis of waste car tires
Authors: Song Zhanlong , Tao Shuanghua , Han Yuankai , Hu Yuting , Zhao Xiqiang , Wang Wenlong , Mao Yanpeng , Sun Jing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSwelling can change the mechanical properties and structural characteristics of waste car tires (WCTs), so that the rubber molecular chain stretching, porousness becomes larger, which is conducive to improving the mass transfer effect and pyrolysis efficiency. Based on the modification characteristics of swelling, the swelling effects of different swelling agents, temperatures, tire types, and particle sizes were investigated. The results showed that coal tar can effectively swell WCTs, and the higher temperature and smaller particle size, contribute to better swelling. When the temperature is 40°C and the particle size is 1 × 1 cm, the equilibrium mass absorption rate of WCTs can reach up to 1.67 g/g, and the swelling effect is the best. In addition, combined with the unique microwave advantages, the swelling rate was further accelerated, WCTs reached swelling saturation 58.5 h earlier than in natural swelling. Moreover, the swelling effect on the three‐phase product output of microwave pyrolysis of WCTs was investigated. After swelling treatment, we achieved the deeper pyrolysis degree of WCTs and the yield of pyrolysis oil was relatively increased by about 39.2%, while the yield of both gases and solids decreased.
Enhancement in the mechanical properties of in situ microfibrillar PLA/POE composites
Authors: Sun Jing , Li Jian , Huang Anrong , Li Juan , Luo Shanshan , Shi Min , Gao Chengtao , Luo Zhu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn situ microfibrillar poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polyolefin elastomer (POE) composites (MFCs) with and without compatibilizer POE‐g‐GMA were prepared using a multistage stretching equipment. The results showed that the distribution of PLA inside the POE matrix for the MFCs without compatibilizer was in the form of microfibrils, and most of the PLA microfibrils were well‐oriented and arranged in the matrix. Further, the high PLA content was more likely to form longer PLA microfibrils in MFCs. With the increase in the amount of POE‐g‐GMA for (PLA/POE, 20/80) system, the length of PLA microfibrils significantly decreased, whereas the average diameter increased. The addition of 2 wt% POE‐g‐GMA increased the tensile strength and elongation at the break of POE‐20‐2 by 52.7% and 53.5%, respectively, and the crystallization temperature increased by about 4°C.
Characterization of the molecular structure of masticated natural rubber using rheological techniques
Authors: Jiang Shuangyan , Kong Hao , Luo Kangyu , Wang Maohui , Yong Zhanfu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMastication can improve the plasticity and reduce the molar mass of natural rubber (NR). The end product properties greatly depend on the efficiency of mastication. For NR before and after mastication, the changes in molecular properties are mainly attributed to the effects of mechanical and thermo‐oxidative degradation. We investigated the variations in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of branching, and thermal stability of NR after mastication at 35, 75, and 110 rpm for 20 min. The results show that NR has a smaller molecular weight, broader molecular weight distribution, and a lower degree of structural branching at higher rotor speeds. Additionally, the rheological measurements were compared with gel permeation chromatography results, and the comparative outcomes reflect a strong correlation between these data. Rheological analysis reveals considerable complex relationships, and this measurement is more efficient, simple, and convenient than the other technique.
A Mobile Health Application Integrated in the Electronic Health Record for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient–Reported Outcomes: A Controlled Interrupted Time‐Series Analysis of Impact on Visit Efficiency
Authors: Solomon Daniel H. , Altwies Hallie , Santacroce Leah , Ellrodt Jack , Pham Tammy , Stratton Jacklyn , Landman Adam , Dalal Anuj , Collins Jamie , Rudin Robert S. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivePatient‐reported outcome (PRO) collection between visits for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could improve visit efficiency, reducing in‐person visits for patients with stable symptoms while facilitating access for those with symptoms. We examined whether a mobile health PRO application integrated in the electronic health record (EHR) could reduce visit volume for those with RA.MethodsWe developed an application for RA that prompted patients every other day to complete brief PRO questionnaires. Results of the application were integrated into the EHR. We tested the application in a controlled interrupted time‐series analysis between 2020 and 2023. Rheumatologists received EHR‐based messages based on PRO results recommending the patient receive a visit earlier or later than scheduled. The primary outcome was monthly visit volume during the year before versus the year after initiation.ResultsA total of 150 patients with RA consented and used the application. The median age was 62 years, 83% were female, 7% had fewer than 2 years of disease, and 50% were seropositive; 150 controls were well matched. Among those in the application cohort, the estimated monthly median visit volume in the year before use of the application was 31.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 28.0–34.3); in controls, this was 30.4 (95% CI 27.3–33.6). In the year using the application, the estimated monthly visit volume was 36.8 (95% CI 33.4–40.3) compared to 38.7 (95% CI 35.2–42.3) in controls. The difference in the differences between the cohorts was not statistically significant (−2.7 visits, 95% CI −9.3 to 4.0). No differences were noted in flare rates or visit delays.ConclusionIn this initial trial of a PRO application intervention to improve visit efficiency, we found no association with reduced visit volume.
image
Ultrasound intensification of two‐stage biodiesel production: optimization for palm empty fruit bunch oil as a palm oil industry by‐product
Authors: Seithtanabutara Varinrumpai , Pholsawang Thanaphol , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPalm empty fruit bunch oil (palm EFB oil) is a waste product that can be used to produce biodiesel at a low cost. However, high free fatty acid (FFA) content is the primary obstacle to biodiesel production. Before the transesterification process can begin, the oil must be esterified to reduce its acid content. This study seeks to employ dual‐frequency ultrasound at frequencies of 28 kHz (200 W) and 40 kHz (200 W) to aid in the esterification and transesterification of ZSM‐5‐38 and CaO catalysts, respectively. Central composite design and response surface methodology were used to determine the optimal conditions for the three primary parameters of methanol to oil (M:O molar ratio), catalyst loading and reaction time. A 12:1 M:O molar ratio, 11.36 wt% catalyst loading (ZSM‐5‐38) and 60 min of reaction duration were the optimal conditions for esterification to achieve a FFA conversion of 91.51%. The reusability of ZSM‐5‐38 revealed a decrease in FFA conversions of 87.36, 75.11, 67.13 and 58.68% with each reused cycle. The optimal transesterification conditions were a 3.28:1 M:O molar ratio, 4.62 wt% catalyst loading (CaO) and 64 min of reaction time, yielding 83.58% biodiesel. The viscosity value (D 445), the flash point (D 93) and the heating value (ASTM D240) of biodiesel produced under optimal conditions were evaluated. The biodiesel properties were determined to be 4.7931 mm2/s, 176°C and 40 398 kJ/kg, respectively.
Unexpected Low Temperature Activity with Low N2O Emission of Stabilized Al‐rich Zeolite Beta for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx
Authors: Yu Jingyun , Iyoki Kenta , Elangovan Shanmugam P. , Fujinuma Haruko , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe low temperature activity of Fe‐loaded zeolites as selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3‐SCR) catalysts is a critical drawback for practical application. Here, we found unexpected improvement of low temperature activity by our proposed post‐synthetic treatment. An Al‐rich zeolite beta (Si/Al=5) is employed as the catalyst support, and the parent sample is dealuminated for higher hydrothermal stability, followed by the liquid‐mediated stabilization treatment and impregnation. It is found that stabilized samples feature excellent low temperature activity and high N2 selectivity even for a long‐term operation, along with the ability to maintain high NOx conversion after aging. The improved SCR activity should be attributed to abundant acid sites in Al‐rich framework and better stabilization of monomeric iron species after the stabilization treatment. Furthermore, the low yield of side product N2O is probably due to the absence of the generation of NH4NO3 during NH3‐SCR catalyzed by Fe‐loaded zeolites.
Hexakispyrazolylethane: New Strategy for Stabilization of Hexaarylethane
Authors: Takemasa Yuta , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHexakis(4‐trimethylsilylpyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane was synthesized by the oxidative dimerization of tris(4‐trimethylsilylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis of hexakis(4‐trimethylsilylpyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane showed that the ethane C−C bond (1.623(4) Å) is shorter than that in hexaphenylethane (1.67(3) Å). In solution, hexakis(4‐trimethylsilylpyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane existed as a single species, contrastive that conventional hexaphenylethanes can keep the central C−C bond only by the aid of additional bridges between the two triarylmethyl units. Theoretical calculations indicated that the tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)methyl radical, which is anticipated to be under equilibrium with hexakis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane, is less stable than trityl radicals due to lack of delocalization of the radicals. Furthermore, introduction of pyrazole groups allowed additional bridging between the two triarylmethyl moieties through metal coordination to the adjacent N atoms: hexakis(4‐trimethylsilylpyrazol‐1‐yl)ethane exhibited unique coordination to three Ag atoms affording a hexaarylethane analog bearing three N−Ag−N bridges.
A fog‐driven three‐factor authentication protocol for secure data sharing in Internet of Vehicles cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Katyal Siddharth , Gupta Shashank , Rawlley Oshin , Ghosh Debjani 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has potentially escalated the management of vehicle and route planning. However, as the IoV becomes more prevalent, safeguarding the privacy and security of IoV data becomes crucial. Additionally, because vehicles often operate with minimal human interference, they become susceptible to various types of attacks that can compromise their privacy and security. In this article, we propose a three‐factor authentication system based on CROPUF (Crossover Ring Oscillator Physically Unclonable Function) that not only secures transmissions but also ensures safety against physical intervention. The three‐factor authentication protocol (passwords, biometrics, and PUF) avoids registering any confidential information in the user device eliminating the possibility of intrusion by an intruder. We also propose the use of aggregators (charging stations that act as mediators between the IoV and the data center) as a fog layer communication which will reduce load and improve the efficiency of communication between vehicles and the data center. Finally, the security analysis validates that our proposed method can survive several well‐known assaults and achieve the required features of security by maintaining the user anonymity.
Utilization of Nickel Ferrite (NiFe2O4) in Hematite (α‐Fe2O3) Photoanode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting as a Blocking Layer
Authors: Lee Na Kyung , Sohn Woon Yong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe found a new blocking layer (nickel ferrite, NiFe2O4), that could be utilized for the suppression of the back recombination, occurring in the hematite (α‐Fe2O3) photoanode. The photoanode in which the NiFe2O4 layer was introduced showed a cathodic shift of the onset potential in the current density versus applied voltage curve. We successfully demonstrated that the NiFe2O4 layer effectively inhibited the back recombination in the hematite film through the use of electrochemical and time‐resolved spectroscopic methods.
Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free Integration Electrolysis for Solar H2 and Supercapacitor Electrode Coproduction in Acidic Water
Authors: Zhu Zhiwei , Zhao Xin , Xia Bao Yu , You Bo 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolar driven proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is of great promise for stable and high‐purity H2 production, but often limited by the serious partial loading issue due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the usage of noble metal‐based anodes (e. g., Pt, Ir, and Ru). Herein, we report an efficient integrated water electrolysis by replacing OER with favorable pyrrole electrooxidation polymerization for H2 generation in acidic solutions, wherein nonprecious Co2P and carbon cloth (CC) served as cathode and anode, respectively. A voltage of only 1.0 V was needed to afford 10 mA cm−2, 590 mV smaller than that in traditional PEMWE based on noble Pt/C@RuO2 benchmark couple. Moreover, simple carbonization of the resulting polypyrrole/CC at anode yielded a supercapacitor electrode with a high specific capacitance of 290 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and robust stability, which then functioned as energy reservoir to alleviate the partial loading issue for coproduction of solar H2 and supercapacitor electrode.
Numerical study of limits of neoclassical theory in the plateau regime in the presence of impurities
Authors: Iorio Riccardo Nicolò , Kiviniemi T. P. , Hirvijoki E. , Chône L. , Janhunen S. , Albert F. , Leerink S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical simulation to test the corrections to the radial electric field in the presence of impurities for tokamak devices whose main ions are in the plateau regime. The effects due to the presence of impurity density variation in a pedestal tokamak are known to generate conditions where conventional neoclassical theory is no longer valid. It is found that for a specific axisymmetric concentric magnetic field, the presence of steep radial gradients for both temperature and density translates in a correction to the radial electric field. We anticipate that comparisons to the Landreman–Fülöp–Guszejnov model display good agreement for both the analytic approximation and numerically solved value of the normalized density when low impurity concentration and atomic charge state cases are considered, coupled with values of the ordering parameter . Higher values of the latter reveal better agreement to the neoclassical Hazeltine–Hinton formula, suggesting a discrepancy with the validity threshold of the model.
Why cuckoos remove host eggs: Biting eggs facilitates faster parasitic egg‐laying
Authors: Wang Longwu , Zhao Huahua , Yan Hanlin , Feeney William E. , Liang Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBrood parasitism by cuckoos relies on manipulating hosts to raise their offspring and has evolved stunning adaptations to aid in their deception. The fact that cuckoos usually but not always, remove one or two host eggs while laying their eggs has been a longstanding focus of intensive research. However, the benefit of this behavior remains elusive. Moreover, the recently proposed help delivery hypothesis, predicting that egg removal by cuckoos may decrease the egg‐laying duration in the parasitism process caused by biting action, lacks experimental verification. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of egg removal/biting on the egg‐laying speed in the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) to experimentally test this hypothesis. We compared the duration of cuckoo egg‐laying in empty nests, nests with host eggs, and nests with artificial blue stick models to test whether cuckoos biting an egg/stick can significantly hasten the egg‐laying speed than no biting action. Our results showed that biting an egg or an object is associated with cuckoos laying approximately 37% faster than when they do not bite an egg or an object. This study provides the first experimental evidence for the help delivery hypothesis and demonstrates that when cuckoos bite eggs or other objects in the nest, they lay eggs more quickly and thereby avoid suffering the hosts' injurious attack.