bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Recent Advances in Iron‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Functionalization
Authors: Bhavyesh Desai , Soliya Sudha , Konakanchi Ramaiah , Begari Eeshwaraiah , Ashalu Kashamalla Chinna , Naveen Togati 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe use of iron as a core metal in catalysis has become a research topic of interest over the last few decades. The reasons are clear. Iron is the most abundant transition metal on Earth's crust and it is widely distributed across the world. It has been extracted and processed since the dawn of civilization. All these features render iron a noncontaminant, biocompatible, nontoxic, and inexpensive metal and therefore it constitutes the perfect candidate to replace noble metals (rhodium, palladium, platinum, iridium, etc.). Moreover, direct C−H functionalization is one of the most efficient strategies by which to introduce new functional groups into small organic molecules. The majority of organic compounds contain C(sp3)−H bonds. Given the enormous importance of organic molecules in so many aspects of existence, the utilization and bioactivity of C(sp3)−H bonds are of the utmost importance. This review sheds light on the substrate scope, selectivity, benefits, and limitations of iron catalysts for direct C(sp3)−H bond activations. An overview of the use of iron catalysis in C(sp3)−H activation protocols is summarized herein up to 2022.
H∞bumpless transfer control of switched systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Liu Chao , Yang Hongyu , Liu Xiaoyang , Huang Xianying , Huang Junjian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the bumpless transfer control (HBTC) problem of switched systems with time‐varying delays. A novel smooth switching state feedback controller is designed to eliminate the bumps existing in the classical switched state feedback control strategy. By the use of average dwell time (ADT) and multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, some solvability conditions for the HBTC problem are derived. The control gain matrices can be calculated by solving linear matrix inequalities(LMIs). A numerical example is employed to show the validity of the proposed results.
The effects of a minimal length on the Kerr metric
Authors: Maghlaoui L. , Hess P. O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe effects of a minimal length on the Kerr metric are studied within the pseudo‐complex General Relativity (pcGR), which has a minimal length parameter and also depends on a ‐dependent metric, allowing for the accumulation of dark energy around a star. The relevant parameters are the rotational Kerr parameter , the mass of a black hole, and a parameter measuring the amount of dark energy accumulated. It is found that the metric is modified by a factor, depending on , resulting in a maximal acceleration. This factor shows several singularities. For small black holes, the corresponding effective potentials exhibit potential barriers, avoiding the increase of the black hole's mass. It is found that the effects of a minimal length are only of importance for very small mass black holes and vanish for macroscopic black holes.
An accretion‐jet model for 3C 84: Interpreting the spectral energy distribution and Faraday rotation measure
Authors: Feng Jianchao , Wang Xiaowen , Jing Rui 
Published: December 2023

Abstract3C 84 is a well‐known supermassive black hole that can be used to explore jet and accretion physics. In this work, we model the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of the 3C 84, and find that the SED is difficult to fit with pure advection dominated accretion flow (ADAF) or pure jet model. Using a coupled ADAF‐jet model to fit the SED of 3C 84, it is found that the radio emission and the millimeter emission can be naturally reproduced by the synchrotron radiation of nonthermal electrons in the jet, and that the X‐ray emission may predominantly come from inverse Compton radiation from electrons in ADAF. According to the Rotation Measure (RM) obtained by the polarization observation, we consider the possible location of the polarizing source and found that the calculated RM in the jet is roughly consistent with the observational constraints. These results will help us better understand jets produced by black holes.
Sustainable board governance and environmental performance: European evidence
Authors: Velte Patrick 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe ambitious EU Green Deal project is linked to extensive regulations on sustainability reporting, sustainable finance, and sustainable corporate governance. With increasing awareness of the impact of sustainable board governance on corporate environmental performance, our paper includes an innovative sustainable board governance score, reflecting significant board attributes. The question arises whether the combined effect of sustainable board measures, based on (1) sustainability board committees, (2) a critical mass of female board members, and (3) sustainability‐related executive compensation, influences environmental performance and its main sub‐pillars according to the EU Taxonomy Regulation. Based on stakeholder and critical mass theories, our study empirically addresses the impact of sustainable board governance on environmental performance and five sub‐pillars (carbon, emissions, biodiversity, resource use, and water performance). Using a sample of 2630 firm‐year observations from 2014 to 21, we find that sustainable board governance significantly improves environmental performance and the related sub‐pillars, except for biodiversity and water performance. Our findings are robust to robustness analyses and endogeneity checks. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to rely on the combined effect of sustainable board attributes and its impact of environmental performance and its major sub‐pillars. Thus, this study provides new insight into the relationship between corporate governance and environmental performance in the EU capital market to guide researchers, business practice, and regulatory bodies.
Improved outcomes of localized diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma at the Waldeyer ring in comparison to the sinonasal area in the rituximab era
Authors: Ma Wei‐Li , Hong Ruey‐long , Lou Pei‐Jen , Yao Ming , Wu Shang‐Ju , Lin Chung‐Wu , Wang Chun‐Wei , Chang Chin‐Hao , Cheng Ann‐Lii , Kuo Sung‐Hsin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the head‐and‐neck area primarily involves the Waldeyer ring (WR) and sinonasal area (SN). However, the differential clinical outcomes between patients with WR‐DLBCL and those with SN‐DLBCL in the rituximab era remain unclear.MethodsTo avoid confounding factors contributed by advanced DLBCL with WR and SN involvement, we assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with stage I/II WR‐DLBCL and SN‐DLBCL and compared them with those having corresponding stages of DLBCL in the lymph nodes but without other extranodal involvement (LN‐DLBCL) in the same period. We compared the patients' clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, event‐free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS) among the three subgroups.ResultsWe analyzed 67, 15, and 106 patients with WR‐DLBCL, SN‐DLBCL, and LN‐DLBCL, respectively, between January 2000 and December 2019. All patients received front‐line rituximab‐based regimens, and > 80% received rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone‐based regimens. More patients with SN‐DLBCL had revised International Prognostic Index (R‐IPI) score 3 (27%) when compared with those with WR‐DLBCL (7%) and those with LN‐DLBCL (10%, p = 0.181). Patients with WR‐DLBCL, LN‐DLBCL, and SN‐DLBCL had 5‐year EFS and OS rates of 80.7%, 59.5%, and 41.9% (p = 0.021) and 83.7%, 70.8%, and 55.8% (p = 0.032), respectively. Compared to patients with LN‐DLBCL, those with WR‐DLBCL also had a significantly favorable 5‐year EFS rate (p = 0.021) and 5‐year OS rate (p = 0.023). Three of the 15 patients with SN‐DLBCL experienced lymphoma recurrence in the brain after front‐line treatment. In multivariate analyses, R‐IPI scores of 1–2 and 3 served as significantly poor prognostic factors for patients with poor EFS and OS.ConclusionsCompared to patients with LN‐DLBCL, patients with WR‐DLBCL receiving front‐line rituximab‐based treatments had favorable clinical outcomes; however, patients with SN‐DLBCL had worse clinical outcomes. Further studies on molecular prognostic factors and treatment strategies for SN‐DLBCL are warranted.
Prediction of early‐onset colorectal cancer mortality rates in the United States using machine learning
Authors: Ali Hassam , Patel Pratik , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Basuli Debargha , Mohan Babu Pappu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe current study, focusing on a significant US (United States) colorectal cancer (CRC) burden, employs machine learning for predicting future rates among young population.MethodsCDC WONDER data from 1999 to 2022 was analyzed for CRC‐related mortality in patients younger than 56 years. Temporal trends in age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were assessed via Joinpoint software. Future mortality rates were forecasted using an optimal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2022, we observed 150,908 deaths with CRC listed as the underlying cause, predominantly in males, with an upward trend in AAMR. The ARIMA model projects an increase in CRC mortality by 2035, estimating an average annual percent change (AAPC) of 1.3% overall, 1% for females, and 1.5% for males.ConclusionOur study findings emphasize the need for more robust preventive measures to reduce future CRC mortality among younger population. These results have significant implications for public health policies, particularly for males under 56, and underscore the importance of early screening and lifestyle modifications.
Harvesting of Atmospheric Water Using Polymer‐Based Hybrid Hydrogels
Authors: Abdulbakee Muhammed Haruna , Shahadat Mohammad , Tweib Saleh Ali , Sa'ad Abdullahi Shehu , Amir Qureshi Mohammad , Abdulrazaq Yahaya , Birniwa Abdullahi Haruna , Wani Ajaz Ahmad , Jagaba Ahmad Hussaini , Adam Mohammad Rania Edrees , Razali Mohd R. , Alaswad Saleh O. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is an important parallel or supplemental freshwater production technique to liquid water resource‐based technologies due to the availability of moisture resources regardless of location and the possibility of realizing decentralized applications. Recent developments to regulate the characteristic features and nanostructures of moisture‐harvesting materials demonstrate new opportunities to improve device efficiency. Focusing on the design of water harvesting materials and the optimization of the overall system, this review sums up the most recent developments in this area and presents prospects for the future development of AWH. An overview of the processes involved in water sorption by various sorbents and the characteristics and functionality of the polyaniline‐based hydrogels developed for AWH is given. Newly reported hydrogel sorbents used for AWH are evaluated, focusing on their benefits, drawbacks, and design methodologies. Several AWH‐specific water harvesters are described and the impact of the system's mass and heat transfer on its operational effectiveness is explored. Finally, potential roadmaps for the development of this technology are detailed and the challenges in this subject from both a basic research and practical application perspective are discussed.
Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic? Optimizing the Catalyst Microenvironment for Gas‐Involving Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shi Kaige , Ren Zhuanghe , Meng Zhen , Feng Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractElectrocatalysis plays a key role in the development of renewable energy technologies. Along with the design of electrocatalysts, the microenvironment around catalytic sites has received increasing attention because it affects the distribution and mass transport of reaction species and impacts the reaction kinetics. In this Concept article, we highlight some mechanistic insights into the effect of microenvironment on gas‐involving electrocatalytic reactions, including CO2 reduction, 2‐electron oxygen reduction, and hydrazine oxidation, demonstrating their sensitivity to the wetting properties of microenvironment. For reactions with a gaseous reactant, a moderately hydrophobic microenvironment can greatly enhance the mass transport of gaseous species to accelerate the reaction kinetics while improving the stability of gas‐diffusion electrodes. In contrast, for reactions with a liquid reactant and gaseous product, a hydrophilic microenvironment improves the exposure of catalytic sites to the reactant, while a hydrophobic microenvironment benefits the reaction on the other end by accelerating the diffusion and detachment of generated gas bubbles, which would otherwise block the catalytic sites from the reactant. These understandings and insights can provide important guidelines on the control and optimization of catalyst microenvironment for the development of efficient electrolyzers.
Base‐Ionizable Anionic NHC Ligands in Pd‐catalyzed Reactions of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Chernenko Andrey Yu. , Baydikova Victoria A. , Kutyrev Vadim V. , Astakhov Alexander V. , Minyaev Mikhail E. , Chernyshev Victor M. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAryl chlorides, due to their affordability and accessibility, are preferred reagents in Pd‐catalyzed arylation reactions. However, the reactivity of aryl chlorides is often lower than that of aryl bromides and iodides due to the significantly higher barriers of the oxidative addition stage. This research introduces a novel design for NHC ligands, which notably enhances the efficiency of Pd/NHC catalytic systems in reactions where the oxidative addition of aryl chloride is the rate‐limiting step. This design leverages the synergy between specific steric characteristics and the anionic nature of the newly fashioned 1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐ylidene ligands. These ligands, inspired by Nitron‐type designs, can be ionized under basic conditions due to their NH‐acidic aryl(alkyl)amino groups. Detailed experimental and DFT studies revealed that the deprotonation of these NHCs promotes electron donation to the metal center, promoting the oxidative addition of aryl chloride. The specially optimized ATPr ligand, featuring 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl groups, displayed remarkable catalytic efficacy in the Suzuki‐Miyaura reaction and improved outcomes in ketone α‐arylation and Buchwald‐Hartwig reactions with unactivated aryl chlorides. The insights and strategies established in this study provide rational considerations for further advancements in NHC designs and their applications in metal‐catalyzed reactions.
Anthraquinone‐Modified Silica Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for the Oxidative Hydroxylation of Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Guadalupe Martin María , Lázaro‐Martínez Juan Manuel , Martín Sandra Elizabeth , Uberman Paula Marina , Budén María Eugenia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this work, the synthesis and characterization of a heterogeneous photocatalyst based on spherical silica nanoparticles superficially modified with anthraquinone 2‐carboxylic acid (AQ−COOH) are presented. The nanomaterial was characterized by TEM, SEM, FT‐IR, diffuse reflectance, fluorescence, NMR, DLS, XRD and XPS. These analyses confirm the covalent linking of AQ−COOH with the NH2 functionality in the nanomaterial and, more importantly, the photocatalyst retains its photophysical properties once bound. The heterogeneous photocatalyst was successfully employed in the aerobic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenols under sustainable reaction conditions. Phenols were obtained in high yields (up to 100 %) with low catalyst loading (3.5 mol %), reaching TOF values of 3.7 h−1. Using 2‐propanol as solvent at room temperature, the visible light photocatalysis produced H2O2 as a key intermediate to promote the aerobic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids. The heterogeneous photocatalyst was reused at least 5 times, without modification of the nanomaterial structure and morphology. This simple heterogeneous system showed great catalytic activity under sustainable reaction conditions.
A novel hypoglycemia alarm framework for type 2 diabetes with high glycemic variability
Authors: Wang Xinzhuo , Yang Zi , Ma Ning , Sun Xiaoyu , Li Hongru , Zhou Jian , Yu Xia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), accurate prediction of hypoglycemic events is crucial for maintaining glycemic control and reducing their frequency. However, individuals with high blood glucose variability experience significant fluctuations over time, posing a challenge for early warning models that rely on static features. This article proposes a novel hypoglycemia early alarm framework based on dynamic feature selection. The framework incorporates domain knowledge and introduces multi‐scale blood glucose features, including predicted values, essential for early warnings. To address the complexity of the feature matrix, a dynamic feature selection mechanism (Relief‐SVM‐RFE) is designed to effectively eliminate redundancy. Furthermore, the framework employs online updates for the random forest model, enhancing the learning of more relevant features. The effectiveness of the framework was evaluated using a clinical dataset. For T2D patients with a high coefficient of variation (CV), the framework achieved a sensitivity of 81.15% and specificity of 98.14%, accurately predicting most hypoglycemic events. Notably, the proposed method outperformed other existing approaches. These results indicate the feasibility of anticipating hypoglycemic events in T2D patients with high CV using this innovative framework.
Prevalence and prognosis of PIK3CA mutations in Bulgarian patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy in first‐line setting
Authors: Gencheva R. , Petrova M. , Kraleva P. , Hadjidekova S. , Radanova M. , Conev N. , Stoyanov D. , Arabadjiev J. , Tazimova E. , Bachurska S. , Eneva M. , Tsvetkova M. , Zhbantov G. , Karanikolova T. , Manov D. , Ivanova A. , Taushanova‐Hadjieva M. , Staneva R. , Dimitrova E. , Donev I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground and aimsIn approximately 40% of patients with HER2‐negative/HR‐positive breast cancer tumors, the PIK3CA gene is mutated. Despite this, clinical outcomes vary between studies in this cohort. We aimed to ascertain the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in patients with metastatic HR+/HER2– breast in Bulgaria, as well the evaluation and comparison of progression free survival (PFS) between wild‐type (WT) and mutation‐positive groups in the real‐world setting.MethodsThree oncology centers in Bulgaria collected 250 tissue samples between 2016 and 2022 for this multicentric retrospective study. PIK3CA mutations were identified using Real‐Time qPCR. The median follow‐up period was 35 months.ResultsThe mean age of the mutant cohort was 57.6 ± 11.6 years, compared to 56.5 ± 12.2 years for the WT cohort (p = .52). The percentage of patients with visceral metastasis was 58.8% (n = 147). Approximately 84.3% (n = 210) of the patients had reached postmenopause. 29.2% (n = 73) of the patients had PIK3CA mutations. The predominant mutation was present in exon 20, H1047R (46.5%). We found a significant correlation only between the presence of a mutation and the metastatic diseases at diagnosis (p = .002). As first‐line therapy, 67.1% of patients received endocrine therapy (ET) plus cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4/6) inhibitor, while the remainder received ET alone. The median PFS of patients in the group with the mutation was 32 months (95%, CI: 22–40) compared to 24 months in the WT cohort ((95%, CI: 21–36) (p = .45)); HR = 0.86 (95%, CI: 0.5–1.3) (p = .46). We corroborated our conclusion using propensity matching score analysis, (36 months [95% CI: 20–40] vs. 26 months [95% CI: 21–38], [p = .69]).ConclusionsWe found that the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in our patients was comparable to what has been reported in other nations. Our results suggest that PIK3CA mutational status has no bearing to ET efficacy in first‐line setting.
Cancer incidence in Iran in 2016: A study based on the Iranian National Cancer Registry
Authors: Hadavandsiri Fatemeh , Allahqoli Leila , Rahimi Yekta , Salehiniya Hamid , Ghazanfari Savadkoohi Ehsan , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer poses an escalating public health challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of cancer incidence to formulate effective control strategies.AimsThis study aims to present a comprehensive overview of cancer incidence in Iran, utilizing data from the Iranian National Population‐based Cancer Registry (INPCR) for the year 2016.MethodsThe study employed INPCR data to compute crude and age‐standardized incidence rates (ASR) per 100 000 for the most common cancers among men and women across Iran's 31 provinces. Data analysis utilized Excel (2019) and STATA 14.ResultsIn 2016, 124 833 new cancer cases were registered, with 65 495 (52.90%) occurring in men and 58 312 (47.10%) in women. ASRs for all cancers in the total population were 177.48, with specific rates for men and women at 192.96 and 162.33, respectively. The five most common cancers in men were prostate (23.25), stomach (21.56), colon (19.30), bladder (16.20), and lung (13.15). Among women, the leading cancers were breast (40.60), colon (14.64), thyroid (10.84), stomach (10.25), and lung (5.63). West Azarbaijan had the highest incidence among men, while Yazd topped the list for women. Age‐specific incidence rates revealed peaks in the 67–74 age group for men and the 40–50 age group for women.ConclusionThis study affirms that while Iran exhibits a lower cancer incidence compared to global averages, there has been a temporal increase. Disparities in ASR exist across sexes and provinces, with shifts in the ranking of common cancers by sex compared to previous reports.
Controlled Supramolecular Assemblies of Chiral Cyclometalated Gold (III) Amphiphiles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Chan Aries Kwok‐Heung , Chau Ming‐Hin , Ren Yikun , Jiang Jia‐Jun , Wong Man‐Kin , Leung Franco King‐Chi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are the collaborating groups of Prof. Man‐Kin Wong and Dr. Franco King‐Chi Leung from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The cover picture illustrates chiral gold (III) amphiphiles assemble into tubular supramolecular structures in aqueous media through counterion controlled pathway. The nanostructures were further demonstrated with good cytocompatibility in aqueous media. More information can be found in the Research Article by Man‐Kin Wong, Franco King‐Chi Leung, and co‐workers.