bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style
Authors: Pinto-Cortez Cristián , Peñaloza-Díaz Gabriel , Martínez Nicole , Díaz Sussan , Valdovino Nicolle , Zavala Margariett , Muzatto-Negrón Paola , Zapata-Sepúlveda Pamela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life.

Objective
The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships- Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18).

Results
The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = -0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models.

Conclusion
In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.
CD72 gene expression in children suffering from primary immune thrombocytopenia and its correlation with the disease activity
Authors: Mohamed Yasmen A. , Morgan Dalia S. , ELsaghier Mostafa M. , Abd-Elkareem Rehab M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Immune thrombocytopenia is a condition in which the immune system attacks platelets, leading to a low platelet count. CD72 is a co-receptor found on B cells during all developmental stages except those of plasma cells. Activation of CD72 promotes B cell growth and differentiation. We aimed to investigate the expression and role of CD72 in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia, as well as its correlation with disease pathogenesis and activity. The study involved 60 children diagnosed with ITP and 40 healthy controls, who were matched accordingly. All participants underwent a thorough medical history assessment and clinical examination. The RT-PCR method was utilized to determine the level of CD72 expression.

Results
CD72 expression level was considerably higher in cases than in controls (P-value < 0.001). Within the cases group, we detected a significant inverse correlation between CD72 expression and platelet count (P-value < 0.03). Also, there was a notable rise in CD72 expression among those experiencing active ITP compared to those in remission. Moreover, autoantibody-positive patients exhibited greater levels of CD72 expression than their autoantibody-negative counterparts did. While there was no discernible association detected between CD72 expression and the duration of the disease.

Conclusion
CD72 expression is linked to the pathogenesis of ITP. Also, expression elevation is associated with disease activity. In addition, it is not related to disease chronicity. CD72 can be considered a new approach to the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of pediatric ITP.
Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin (SERPINA6) Consolidates Sexual Dimorphism of Adult Rat Liver
Authors: Toews Julia N C , Philippe Tristan J , Dordevic Matthew , Hill Lesley A , Hammond Geoffrey L , Viau Victor 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Produced by the liver, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) regulates the plasma distribution and actions of glucocorticoids. A sex difference in pituitary growth hormone secretion patterns established during puberty in rats results in increased hepatic CBG production and 2-fold higher plasma corticosterone levels in females. Glucocorticoids control hepatic development and metabolic activities, and we have therefore examined how disrupting the SerpinA6 gene encoding CBG influences plasma corticosterone dynamics, as well as liver gene expression in male and female rats before and after puberty. Comparisons of corticosterone plasma clearance and hepatic uptake in adult rats, with or without CBG, indicated that CBG limits corticosterone clearance by reducing its hepatic uptake. Hepatic transcriptomic profiling revealed minor sex differences (207 differentially expressed genes) and minimal effect of CBG deficiency in 30-day-old rats before puberty. While liver transcriptomes in 60-day-old males lacking CBG remained essentially unchanged, 2710 genes were differentially expressed in wild-type female vs male livers at this age. Importantly, ∼10% of these genes lost their sexually dimorphic expression in adult females lacking CBG, including those related to cholesterol biosynthesis, inflammation, and lipid and amino acid catabolism. Another 203 genes were altered by the loss of CBG specifically in adult females, including those related to xenobiotic metabolism, circadian rhythm, and gluconeogenesis. Our findings reveal that CBG consolidates the sexual dimorphism of the rat liver initiated by sex differences in growth hormone secretion patterns and provide insight into how CBG deficiencies are linked to glucocorticoid-dependent diseases.
Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery with Anatomical Recognition with Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Nerves and Dissection Layers
Authors: Ryu Shunjin , Goto Keisuke , Imaizumi Yuta , Nakabayashi Yukio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
In digestive tract surgery, dissection of an avascular space consisting of loose connective tissue (LCT) appearing by countertraction improves oncological outcomes and reduces complications.1–3 Kumazu et al.4 described a deep learning approach that automatically segments LCT to help surgeons.4 During left colorectal surgery, lumbar splanchnic, hypogastric, and pelvic visceral nerve injuries cause sexual dysfunction and/or urinary issues.5 As nerve preservation is critical for functional preservation, the AI model Kumazu reported is named Eureka (Anaut Inc., Tokyo, Japan) and was developed to separate nerves automatically. The educative efficacy of intraoperative nerve visualization has been described.6 Artificial intelligence (AI) assisted navigation is expected to aid in the anatomical recognition of nerves and the safe dissection layers surrounding nerves in the future.

Methods
We used Eureka as an educational tool for surgeons’ training during laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The laparoscopic system used was Olympus VISERA ELITE3 (Tokyo, Japan).

Results
Total mesorectal excision (TME) was safely performed with nerve preservation. No postoperative complications occurred. Automatic segmentation and highlighting of LCT in the dissected layers, lumbar splanchnic, hypogastric, and pelvic visceral nerves (S3, S4), were performed in real time.

Conclusions
In colorectal cancer surgery, the nerves are vital anatomical structures serving as landmarks for dissection. Lumbar splanchnic, hypogastric, and pelvic visceral nerve injuries (S3, S4) cause sexual dysfunction or urinary disorders.5 Nerve preservation is important for functional preservation. AI-assisted navigation methods are noninvasive, user-friendly, and expected to improve in accuracy in the future. They have the potential to develop nerve-guided TME.
Transforming Gambling Harm Reduction in Youth: Leveraging AI Language Models for Personalized Intervention and Prevention
Authors: Efthymiou Iris Panagiota , Sidiropoulos Symeon , Diareme Kyvele Constantina , Efthymiou-Egleton Theoharris William 
Published: November 2023

This article highlights the pressing issue of youth gambling addiction, with up to 20% of young individuals engaging in gambling activities, particularly online. With 6-9% of US youth facing gambling problems. This study explores how Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance harm reduction by providing personalized support, early intervention, and education while respecting privacy. The article draws insights from a review of 45 studies. It was found that youth gambling addiction is a global issue exacerbated by technology and the pandemic. LLMs like GPT-4 offer promise in harm reduction by providing information and support. LLMs can provide vital insights, educational materials, and support for responsible gambling. The article acknowledges potential LLM risks and emphasizes a cautious approach. Recommendations include personalized interventions, online pop-ups, enhanced LLMs, ongoing research, multi-stakeholder collaboration, etc.
Long-term vaccination strategies to mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 transmission: A modelling study
Authors: Hogan Alexandra B. , Wu Sean L. , Toor Jaspreet , Olivera Mesa Daniela , Doohan Patrick , Watson Oliver J. , Winskill Peter , Charles Giovanni , Barnsley Gregory , Riley Eleanor M. , Khoury David S. , Ferguson Neil M. , Ghani Azra C. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Vaccines have reduced severe disease and death from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, with evidence of waning efficacy coupled with continued evolution of the virus, health programmes need to evaluate the requirement for regular booster doses, considering their impact and cost-effectiveness in the face of ongoing transmission and substantial infection-induced immunity.

Methods and findings
We developed a combined immunological-transmission model parameterised with data on transmissibility, severity, and vaccine effectiveness. We simulated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and vaccine rollout in characteristic global settings with different population age-structures, contact patterns, health system capacities, prior transmission, and vaccine uptake. We quantified the impact of future vaccine booster dose strategies with both ancestral and variant-adapted vaccine products, while considering the potential future emergence of new variants with modified transmission, immune escape, and severity properties. We found that regular boosting of the oldest age group (75+) is an efficient strategy, although large numbers of hospitalisations and deaths could be averted by extending vaccination to younger age groups. In countries with low vaccine coverage and high infection-derived immunity, boosting older at-risk groups was more effective than continuing primary vaccination into younger ages in our model. Our study is limited by uncertainty in key parameters, including the long-term durability of vaccine and infection-induced immunity as well as uncertainty in the future evolution of the virus.

Conclusions
Our modelling suggests that regular boosting of the high-risk population remains an important tool to reduce morbidity and mortality from current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results suggest that focusing vaccination in the highest-risk cohorts will be the most efficient (and hence cost-effective) strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Determinants of knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy towards complementary feeding among rural mothers: Baseline data of a cluster-randomized control trial in South West Ethiopia
Authors: Gizaw Abraham Tamirat , Sopory Pradeep , Sudhakar Morankar 
Published: November 2023

Background
Complementary feeding (CF) is the period when exclusive breastfeeding ends and the introduction of a wide range of foods while breastfeeding should continue until the child is at least 24 months of age. Sub-optimal complementary feeding practices of infants and young children persist due to different factors, which include knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of index mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinants of knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy towards complementary feeding among rural mothers with index child in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using multistage sampling techniques followed by systematic random sampling techniques. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used. The Chi-square and Fisher’s exact probability tests were used to assess the baseline differences in the CF knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy and socio-demographic characteristics of the intervention and control groups. An independent sample t-test was used to determine the mean differences. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to assess the predictors of complementary feeding knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. All tests were two-tailed, and a statistically significant association was considered at a p-value ≤ 0.05.

Results
Overall, 516 mothers were interviewed. 52.5% of the mothers had high complementary feeding (CF) knowledge, whereas only 47.7% and 38.9% had favorable attitude and high self-efficacy, respectively. The socio-demographic characteristics of the intervention and control groups were overall similar. However, there was a significant difference in the child’s sex (p = 0.021) and age (p = 0.002). Independent t-tests found no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean score of CF knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy at baseline. Maternal educational status (p = 0.0001), number of ANC visits (p = 0.025), and CF information received (p = 0.011) were significant predictors of CF knowledge. Child sex (p = 0.021) and the number of ANC visits (p = 0.01) were significant predictors of CF attitude. Family size (p = 0.008) and household food security status (p = 0.005) were significant predictors of maternal CF self-efficacy.

Conclusion
Overall, half of the mothers had high knowledge. Whereas maternal attitudes and self-efficacy toward CF were low. Maternal educational status, the number of ANC visits, and the CF information received were predictors of CF knowledge. Likewise, child sex and the number of ANC visits were predictors of CF attitude. Family size and household food security status were predictors of CF self-efficacy. These findings imply that nutrition intervention strategies are mandatory, particularly to enhance maternal knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy towards optimum complementary feeding.
Trends in cardiac rehabilitation rates among patients admitted for acute heart failure in Japan, 2009–2020
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Jiang Jenny , Shen Sophie , Setoguchi Soko 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
To describe inpatient and outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) utilization patterns over time and by subgroups among patients admitted for acute heart failure (AHF) in Japan.

Background
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a crucial secondary prevention strategy for patients with heart failure. While the number of older patients with AHF continues to rise, trends in inpatient and outpatient CR participation following AHF in Japan have not been described to date.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients hospitalized for AHF in Japan between April 2008 and December 2020. Using data from the Medical Data Vision database, we measured trends in inpatient and outpatient CR participation following AHF. Descriptive analyses and summary statistics for AHF patients by CR participation status were reported.

Results
The analytic cohort included 88,052 patients. Among these patients, 37,810 (42.9%) participated in inpatient and/or outpatient CR. Of those, 36,431 (96.4%) participated in inpatient CR only and 1,277 (3.4%) participated in both inpatient and outpatient CR. Rates of inpatient CR rose more than 6-fold over the study period, from 9% in 2009 to 55% in 2020, whereas rates of outpatient CR were consistently low.

Conclusions
The rate of inpatient CR participation among AHF patients in Japan rose dramatically over a 12-year period, whereas outpatient CR following AHF was vastly underutilized. Further study is needed to assess the clinical effectiveness of inpatient CR and to create infrastructure and incentives to support and encourage outpatient CR.
ISOLATION OF STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS FROM POTATO PEEL BY ACID EXTRACTION
Authors: Semenova Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Gol'dshteyn Vladimir Georgiyevich , Degtyarev Vladimir Alekseyevich , Morozova Anastasiya Alekseyevna , Kuzina Lidiya Borisovna 
Published: November 2023

The peel of a potato contains many biologically active compounds of various directions, which can be extracted for further use. The peel contains the largest amount of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) of potato, the extraction of which may be interesting for protecting plants from pests, as well as for the development of pharmaceuticals. The article studied the mechanisms that affect the accumulation and activity of SGAs in plants. Possibilities of their isolation from the potato peel by the acid method with the study of the effect of extraction factors on the yield of SGAs were studied. The object of the study was potato varieties Nakra and Kometa with the content of SGAs 422 and 251 mg/kg of potatoes. The concentration of compounds that passed into the solution was estimated by the spectrophotometric method. The possibility of reusing extracts on new peel masses has been established. When the extracts were concentrated by evaporation, the content of SGAsin them increased markedly. As a result of acid extraction, 200–1000 mg of SGAs/kg of peel (0.20–0.60 mg of SGAs/ml of extract) were extracted. Нydromodulus is a significant factor of acid extraction of SGAs. However, acid concentration and temperature can also influence the extraction process. The most optimal parameters for the process of extraction of steroidal glycoalkaloids with dilute sulfuric acid were established: acid hydromodulus 2.3, temperature 55 °C, acid concentration 0.1%, and extraction duration 30 min.
ISOLATION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSACCHARIDES IN THE SEEDS OF TURNIP BRASSICA RAPA
Authors: Oripova Munozhat Zhalolidinovna , Kuzieva Zulfizar Nematjon kizi , Koraboeva Barno Bothirali Kizi , Oshchepkova Yuliya Igorevna , Salikhov Shavkat Ismailovich 
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is the isolation and physicochemical characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides in the seeds of the turnip Brassica rapa of the family Brassicaceae cultivated in Uzbekistan.
For the first time, water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from turnip seeds by sequential water extraction. Polysaccharides are deproteinized and separated by ion exchange chromatography, purified on a Sephadex G-100 column. Two polysaccharide fractions BSP-1-1 and BSP-2-1 were obtained. The results of IR spectroscopic studies showed that the isolated polysaccharides consist mainly of α-linked pyranose units. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition showed that the composition of the neutral polysaccharide BSP-1-1 is represented by monosaccharides in the following composition: ribose – 5.05%, arabinose – 56.38%, mannose – 5.87%, glucose – 8.63% and galactose – 24.05%. The composition of the anionic polysaccharide BSP-2-1 is represented by monosaccharides: ribose – 6.35%, arabinose – 60.15%, mannose – 7.19%, glucose – 4.12% and galactose – 22.16%. It was determined that the isolated polysaccharides consist mainly of arabinose (BSP-1-1 – 56.3%, BSP-2-1 – 60%) and galactose (BSP-1-1 – 24%, BSP-2-1 – 22%). Based on the data obtained, it can be assumed that the studied polysaccharides from the seeds of the turnip Brassica rapa belong to the type of arabinogalactans.
Digital Technologies in Clinical Practice? Ethical and Legal Knowledge and Practice - A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Dhamini P. M.  , Vaishnavi Prashanth  , Arrvinthan S. U.  
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
Digital technologies have become indispensable tools in clinical practice, revolutionizing the way healthcare professionals deliver care, access information, and manage their daily routines. However, it also presents ethical and legal challenges that need to be carefully addressed. This study focused on the assessment of knowledge and practice among dental practitioners of using digital technologies in clinical setups.
METHODS
The descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using the well-structured, pretested, questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions and was statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 3.1.9) for MS Windows.
RESULTS
Overall knowledge of participants between different years of practice (P-0.702) and between general dentists and specialties (P-0.09) had no statistically significant difference unlike in practices between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
To navigate these issues effectively, healthcare organizations should establish comprehensive policies and procedures for their efficient use in clinical practice along with education programs for professionals.