bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolithic Spiral Metalens for Ultrahigh‐Capacity and Single‐Shot Sorting of Full Angular Momentum State
Authors: Li Xiaoyin , Chen Cong , Guo Yinghui , He Qiong , Zhang Runzhe , Pu Mingbo , Chen Xiaohu , Jin Xin , Li Hui , Luo Xiangang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSorting orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin angular momentum (SAM) of photons is crucial for optical communications, optical storage, and quantum information processing, wherein complicated optical setups or bulky devices are conventionally utilized to determine the angular momentum via repetitive interference or diffractive projection measurements. Recently, advancements in compact and single‐shot OAM detection have been made via coordinate transformation metasurfaces. Nevertheless, most of these strategies require precise separation and alignment between multiple components and cannot simultaneously distinguish full angular momentum states. Besides, the single‐shot maximum identifiable OAM mode numbers are generally limited to 60 due to the tradeoff between the mode space and reduced‐cross‐talk mode interval. Here, this work puts forward and experimentally demonstrates a monolithic spiral metalens (SML) for ultrahigh‐capacity sorting full angular momentum states. The SML focus the incident vortex beam into multiple‐turn spiral ring rather than a circle ring on the focal plane according to its topological charge, with the mode order ranging from −250 to 250. Consequently, the maximum identifiable OAM mode number is up to 168 under a single‐shot measurement, which largely surpass the best results reported hitherto. The experimental results obtained in the telecom band underpin the design approach, which may find great potential in high‐capacity communication and storage applications.
Discovering Process Dynamics for Scalable Perovskite Solar Cell Manufacturing with Explainable AI
Authors: Klein Lukas , Ziegler Sebastian , Laufer Felix , Debus Charlotte , Götz Markus , Maier‐Hein Klaus , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Isensee Fabian , Jäger Paul F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLarge‐area processing of perovskite semiconductor thin‐films is complex and evokes unexplained variance in quality, posing a major hurdle for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Advances in scalable fabrication processes are currently limited to gradual and arbitrary trial‐and‐error procedures. While the in situ acquisition of photoluminescence (PL) videos has the potential to reveal important variations in the thin‐film formation process, the high dimensionality of the data quickly surpasses the limits of human analysis. In response, this study leverages deep learning (DL) and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to discover relationships between sensor information acquired during the perovskite thin‐film formation process and the resulting solar cell performance indicators, while rendering these relationships humanly understandable. The study further shows how gained insights can be distilled into actionable recommendations for perovskite thin‐film processing, advancing toward industrial‐scale solar cell manufacturing. This study demonstrates that XAI methods will play a critical role in accelerating energy materials science.
Straightforward Design Strategy toward 3D Near‐Net‐Shape Stoichiometric SiC Parts
Authors: Cheype Maxime , Pateloup Vincent , Bernard Samuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM), traditionally reserved for thermoplastics, is modified here with a granule‐based extrusion head to be extended to advanced nonoxide ceramics via a straightforward design strategy that considers the shaping opportunities and the chemical richness offered by preceramic polymers. Specifically, 3D near‐net‐shape stoichiometric silicon carbide (SiC) objects are designed by manipulating the key features of a commercially available polycarbosilane (fusibility, high carbon content, relatively high SiC yield). In the early stage of the process, the carbon‐rich polycarbosilane is first mixed with Si and SiC fillers and then thermolyzed at 120 °C to increase polymer branching while offering tailored rheological properties during the subsequent extrusion process at 90 °C and adequate shape retention once extruded. This allows for the design of tailored and complex 3D complex polycarbosilane‐based architectures with features down to 400 µm. Polymer‐based parts are further converted into 3D stoichiometric SiC objects with quasi‐near‐net‐shape—a volume shrinkage reduced to 9.1% is measured—by heat treatment at a temperature as low as 1400 °C (argon flow). Given the flexibility to tune the preceramic polymer chemical and rheological properties, a new combined design approach is leveraged to generate bespoke advanced ceramics with a high freedom in geometry complexity.
Core–Shell Design of Metastable Phase Catalyst Enables Highly‐Performance Selective Hydrogenation
Authors: Su Jiaqi , Ji Yujin , Geng Shize , Li Lamei , Liu Da , Yu Hao , Song Beibei , Li Youyong , Pao Chih‐Wen , Hu Zhiwei , Huang Xiaoqing , Lu Jianmei , Shao Qi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHighly selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is a highly important reaction for catalytic industry. Developing non‐noble metal based catalysts with platinum group metal‐like activity and selectivity is extremely crucial yet challenging. Metastable phase catalysts provide a potential candidate to realize high activity, yet the control of selectivity remains an open question. Here, this work first reports a metastable phase core–shell: face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase Ag (10 at%) core‐metastable hexagonal closest packed (hcp) phase Ni (90 at%) shell catalyst, which represents high conversion rate, high selectivity, and remarkable universality for the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene and its derivatives. More impressively, a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 8241.8 h−1 is achieved, much higher than those of stable phase catalysts and reported platinum group metal based catalysts. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the surface of hcp Ni becomes more oxidized due to electron transfer from hcp Ni shell to fcc Ag core, which decreases the adsorption capacity of styrene on the metastable phase Ni surface, thus preventing full hydrogenation. This work has gained crucial research significance for the design of high performance metastable phase catalysts.
Photocatalytic [2+2+m] Cyclization of 2‐Cyanoaryl Acrylamides with 2‐Bromocarbonyls Involving C(sp3)−H Functionalization
Authors: Liu Chuan , Yan Guangpeng , Wu Zonglang , Yang Youzhe , Yang Lin , Wang Jun , Wan Zibei , Wei Jun , Lu Ji , Wei Siping , Yi Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAn oxidant‐free photocatalytic [2+2+m] cyclization of 2‐cyanoaryl acrylamides with 2‐bromocarbonyls is reported, enabling the assembly of biologically important N‐heterocycle‐fused quinolinones including benzo[1,6]naphthyridinones and pyrrolo[3,2‐c]‐quinolines. This photocatalytic protocol proceeds through a radical relay pathway including alkene difunctionalization along with an intramolecular cyano insertion and subsequent site‐specific functionalization of inert C(sp3)−H bond enabled by cyano‐derived iminyl radical‐mediated 1,n‐hydrogen atom transfer. Notably, this transformation selectively formed two distinct C−C bonds, one C−N bond, and one quaternary carbon center in a one‐pot procedure.
Recent Progress and Future Prospects of Anions O‐site Doped Perovskite Oxides in Electrocatalysis for Various Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Yang Caichen , Tian Yunfeng , Yang Chenghao , Kim Guntae , Pu Jian , Chi Bo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of novel energy conversion and storage technologies, there is a growing demand for enhanced performance in a wide range of electrocatalysts. Perovskite oxides (ABO3) have caused widespread concerns due to their excellent electrocatalytic properties, low cost, stable and reliable performance. In recent years, the research on anion O‐site doping of perovskite oxides has been a cynosure, which is considered as a promising route for enhancing performance. However, a systematic review summarizing the research progress of anion‐doped perovskite oxides is still lacking. Therefore, this review mainly introduces the elements and strategies of various common anions doped at O‐site of perovskite oxides, analyzes their influence on the physical and chemical properties of perovskites, and separately concludes their applications in electrocatalysis. This review will provide ideas and prospects for the development of subsequent anion doping strategies for high performance perovskite oxides.
Preparation of graphene oxide/carboxymethyl chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite nanofiber membranes by electrospinning for heavy metal adsorption
Authors: Zheng Yiming , Ma Huihuang , Wang Jie , Fan Chuanjie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a graphene‐oxide/carboxymethyl‐chitosan/polyvinyl‐alcohol (GO/CMC/PVA) composite nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning and cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the water resistance. The composite nanofiber membrane can be used in the field of heavy metal adsorption. The membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The effects of GO concentration, adsorption time, and initial concentration of heavy‐metal ion (Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, and Pb2+) solution on the adsorption performance of the fiber membranes were investigated. The results showed that the addition of GO can reduce the diameter of nanofibers. GO, CMC, and PVA exhibited good compatibility, and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding improved. The addition of GO also improved the crystalline properties of the composite fiber membrane. In the optimal cross‐linking condition, GA was saturated by steam cross‐linking for 6 h. The introduction of GO improved the adsorption capacity of the membrane for heavy metals in water. The utmost adsorption capacities for Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, and Pb2+ were 262.1, 237.9, 319.3, and 413.6 mg/g when using the cross‐linked composite fiber membranes, respectively. The results of adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics showed that the adsorption process accorded with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir–Freundlich isotherm model.
Homology modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADME approaches to identify a potent agent targeting NK2R protein
Authors: Soltani Arash , Hashemy Seyed Isaac 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNeurokinin/tachykinin receptors are classified as the G‐protein coupled receptor superfamily. The neurokinin 2 receptor (NK2R) is widely expressed in different tissues. NK2R is associated with a range of biological events, such as inflammation, smooth muscle contraction, intestinal motor functions, and asthma. Despite these diverse activities, no approved drugs targeting NK2R have been developed yet. Our study focuses on finding potential inhibitors for NK2R using virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) approaches. We used a homology modeling approach and AlphaFold DB to obtain the three‐dimensional structure of mouse and human NK2R proteins, respectively. The homology model of NK2R was predicted using MODELLER v10.3 and further refined and validated using the 3Drefine tool and RAMPAGE server, respectively. Molecular docking was performed using a library of 910 structurally similar molecules to four NK1R antagonists: aprepitant, casopitant, fosaprepitant, and rolapitant. Molecular docking revealed six small molecules that displayed high Chemscore fitness scores, and binding energies with desirable ligand–NK2R interactions. The evaluation of the in silico ADME profile, solubility, and permeability of the ligand molecules has revealed that the small molecules are potentially nontoxic and have the chance of exhibiting biological activity after oral administration. Further experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo assays) are required to evaluate the effectiveness of these inhibitors as therapeutic targets.
Promoting effects of cannabidiol on neurite growth and neuronal development in neuron‐astrocyte sandwich coculture
Authors: Kim Jungnam , Choi Hyunwoo , Yang Seoin , Choi Insung S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract(–)‐Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive compound isolated from the Cannabis genus, has recently emerged as a promising research subject in neuroscience due to its potential therapeutic benefits against neurological disorders. However, there has been limited fundamental understanding of how CBD affects neuronal development, such as neurite outgrowth and axonal branching, at the cell level. This work investigates the effects of CBD on the early development of primary hippocampal neurons in a noncontact neuron‐astrocyte coculture system. The immunocytochemical and quantitative analyses indicate that CBD of 10 μM promotes neurite growth, including neurite elongation and arborization, and accelerates the process of axon specification. The CBD treatment to the coculture system leads to noticeable increases in the longest‐neurite length, primary‐neurite number, and branch‐point number, as well as the population of axon‐determined neurons. The results provide informative insights into the therapeutic potential of CBD in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
The efficacy of molecular targeted therapy and nivolumab therapy for metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis using the Michinoku Japan urological cancer study group database
Authors: Koguchi Tomoyuki , Naito Sei , Hatakeyama Shingo , Numakura Kazuyuki , Muto Yumina , Kato Renpei , Kojima Takahiro , Kawasaki Yoshihide , Morozumi Kento , Kandori Shuya , Kawamura Sadafumi , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Ito Akihiro , Habuchi Tomonori , Obara Wataru , Ohyama Chikara , Tsuchiya Norihiko , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for metastatic non‐clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) in Japanese population.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, we compared the time to treatment failure (TTF) for molecular‐targeted agents as first‐line therapy, or nivolumab therapy as sequential therapy between ccRCC and nccRCC using the data of Japanese metastatic RCC patients registered in the Michinoku Japan Urological Cancer Study Group database.ResultsIn total, 511 cases of ccRCC and 77 cases of nccRCC were treated with pharmacotherapy. After excluding the patients who received cytokine therapy, chemotherapy, or others, there were 391 ccRCC patients and 60 nccRCC patients who were treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and 7 ccRCC patients and 7 nccRCC patients who were treated with mammalian‐target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORIs). In addition, 132 ccRCC patients and 16 nccRCC patients received nivolumab. There was no significant difference in IMDC risk classification before first‐line therapy between ccRCC and nccRCC groups, or in each subgroup within the nccRCC group. TTF for TKIs (161 days, 95% CI: 75‐212 days) and mTORIs (21 days, 95% CI: 9‐31 days) didn’t differ significantly between nccRCC and ccRCC groups (205 days, 95% CI: 174‐243 days and 33 days, 95% CI: 8‐113 days, respectively). TTF for TKIs was significantly longer than that for mTORIs in nccRCC group (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in TTF between the different TKIs in nccRCC group. In addition, no significant difference in TTF for nivolumab was seen between ccRCC and nccRCC groups.ConclusionsThe results showed that the efficacy of molecular‐targeted agents as first‐line therapy was similar oncological outcomes between metastatic nccRCC and ccRCC in Japanese patients. TKIs may be more effective than mTORIs in metastatic nccRCC patients. Nivolumab administration might also be as effective in nccRCC patients as in ccRCC patients in Japanese population.
A constructive replication of client change during psychodynamic treatment in an outpatient setting
Authors: Jankowski Peter J. , Sandage Steven J. , Crabtree Sarah A. , Owen Jesse , Stavros George 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe responded to the need for replication in psychotherapy research by extending a prior naturalistic study documenting the effectiveness of long‐term psychodynamic treatment. We employed three novel analytic strategies and evaluated their influence on substantive interpretations offered in the prior study. The sample consisted of clients (N = 387; Mage = 31.61; SD = 11.13; 58.9% female; 79.1% Caucasian/White) receiving outpatient treatment at a psychodynamic training clinic. Results replicated the original two‐class solutions for social functioning, depression and life satisfaction. Novel to the replication analyses, each trajectory for social functioning and depression exhibited nonlinear change and results advanced research on a theorised mechanism of effective psychodynamic treatment. Results showed that change in experiential avoidance was a possible mechanism between early‐treatment change in social functioning and later‐treatment changes in depression symptoms and life satisfaction. Clinical implications focus on the influence that initial levels of symptoms and well‐being may have on early and later phases of treatment, monitoring progress throughout treatment, and how to promote symptom and well‐being improvement.
Novel Metallomacrocyclic Carboxamide Mn(II) Complexes as Efficient Catalysts for the Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones
Authors: Kumah Robert T. , Migwi Francis K. , Schmitz Markus , Thiel Werner R. , Ojwach Stephen O. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, we present the first metallomacrocyclic Mn(II) complexes as efficient catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones. The dinuclear Mn(II) complexes [Mn2(L1–L4)2Cl2] (Mn1–Mn4), were synthesised in good yields by reacting MnCl2 ⋅ 4H2O with the ligands N,N′‐(1,4‐phenylene)dipicolinamide (L1), N,N′‐(1,2‐phenylene)dipicolinamide (L2), N,N′‐(4‐methoxy‐1,2‐phenylene)dipicolinamide (L3) and N,N′‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐1,2‐phenylene)dipicolinamide (L4). Structural characterization of the resulting Mn(II) complexes was achieved using FT‐IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, magnetic moment measurements, elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction for Mn2. The solid‐state structure of complex Mn2 reveals a dinuclear Mn(II) core, in which the metal coordination sphere consists of two bidentate, K2(N−O) bridging L2 units and two chlorido ligands to give a distorted octahedral geometry. The Mn(II) complexes (Mn1–Mn4) were quite active catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation of ketones displaying turnover numbers (TON) of up to 2633, which is comparable to those of well‐established Mn(I) catalysts. The new Mn(II) complexes also efficiently hydrogenated a number of aromatic, heterocyclic, functionalized and aliphatic ketones. More significantly, cheaper, and readily available hydrogen sources like ethanol also gave decent catalytic activities in the transfer hydrogenation reactions.
Seasonal Variations in the Composition of Sewage Sludge in the Observation of a Sewage Treatment Plant
Authors: Thumeyer Lucas , Fröhlich Peter , Dohrn Matthias , Wallus Sarah , Neuroth Manuela , Bertau Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDurch die Auswertung von Klärschlammanalysedaten einer großen deutschen Kläranlage (>1 Mio. Einwohnerwerte) konnten jahreszeitliche Schwankungen in der Zusammensetzung des Klärschlamms identifiziert werden. Diese Schwankungen beinhalten eine periodische Abnahme des Kohlenstoffgehaltes sowie eine Zunahme des Aschegehaltes in der Jahresmitte. Als Ursachen für diesen Trend konnten verschiedene Verfahren der Abwasser‐ und Schlammbehandlung sowie klimatische Einflüsse identifiziert werden. Die Untersuchung der Gehalte verschiedener Schwermetalle und Spurenelemente im Klärschlamm zeigte darüber hinaus ebenfalls zum Teil starke Schwankungen im Jahresverlauf, die Einfluss auf die Verwertungsmöglichkeiten des Klärschlamms haben können.
Radiographic bone level and soft tissue dimensional changes following explantation of implants affected by peri‐implantitis: A retrospective exploratory evaluation
Authors: Serino Giovanni , Wada Masahiro , Mameno Tomoaki , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the dimensional alteration of alveolar bone following tooth extraction have been extensively descripted in the literature, no information is available regarding potential hard and soft tissues changes following implant explantation.AimTo evaluate the radiographic bone healing and the horizontal and vertical soft tissue dimensional alterations at implant extraction alveoli, 6 months following implant explantation.Material and MethodsData from 31 patients scheduled for extraction of one implant with persisting peri‐implantitis despite treatment were analysed. Bone crest level changes and the extent of bone healing at the apical aspect of the implant socket were assessed on the radiographs prior and 6 months following explantation. Regression analyses assessed the impact of various predictors (e.g., bone crest level, presence/absence of buccal bone) on bone level changes. Fisher's exact probability test was applied to assess the difference in probability to have mucosa recession of ≥2 mm in the presence or absence of alveolar buccal bone.ResultsA vertical bone loss of 0.8 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 1.3) of the peri‐implant bone crest and a gain of 0.8 mm (SD = 1.1) from the bottom of the peri‐implant defect were recorded. Complete healing was noted in the intact implant extraction socket (i.e., the part of the implant not affected by peri‐implantitis). A reduction of 0.4 mm (SD = 0.7) of the alveolar mucosa height was recorded in concomitant with a decrease of 0.7 mm (SD = 0.8) of the mucosa width. These alterations were more pronounced in the absence of the alveolar buccal bone.ConclusionThe results of the present explorative study indicated a decrease in the height and width of the alveolar soft and hard tissues following explantation of peri‐implantitis affected implants, and these changes were more pronounced in the absence of the buccal bone wall. Nevertheless, the apical portion of the implant alveolus (the intact implant socket) tend to heal with no further bone loss.
Tropical infectious diseases and the skin: Diagnostic and treatment updates since the WHO's integrated campaign against neglected tropical skin diseases
Authors: Kim Juliana H. , Burningham Kevin , Tyring Stephen K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe World Health Organization (WHO) initiated a unified effort to address skin‐related neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in 2017. This effort increased attention and resources allocated toward decreasing the burden of tropical skin diseases. It emphasized an “integrated approach” to detect and treat multiple co‐existing NTDs at once. This article will outline new diagnostic tests, treatment options, and vaccine development for neglected tropical skin diseases since the initiative began.Data SourcesA PubMed search of clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta‐analyses published since 2017 was performed.ResultsThe WHO's initiative has already seen success, increasing the surveillance of leprosy and the distribution of treatment for yaws. It has encouraged the development of new point‐of‐care tests and better‐tolerated treatment options. It has also brought new challenges, with the rise of resistant organisms. Development of point‐of‐care DNA‐RNA‐based testing may improve drug resistance monitoring. New vaccines are needed for long‐term control of skin NTDs in areas with high transmission rates.