bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Attachment Perspective on Children’s Emotion Narratives: Links Across Generations
Authors: Steele Miriam , Steele Howard , Woolgar Matthew , Yabsley Susan , Fonagy Peter , Fohnson Dannie , Croft Carla 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reports on a study that investigated the possibility of links across generations in the emotion narratives provided by parents expecting their first child and those elicited from their 5-year-old children. We describe the rationale for this hypothesized link across generations, before introducing the data from an ongoing longitudinal study of intergenerational patterns of attachment (Steele, Steele, & Fonagy, 1996).
In a highly accessible 1985 compendium of thoughts and readings on “the society of mind,” the acclaimed cognitive scientist Minsky advances the idea that learning from attachment figures involves the acquisition of goals or ideals themselves, not merely the acquisition of tools or methods to reach a given goal. Such a viewpoint is consistent with the range of psychoanalytic and developmental theory that assumes children internalize, identify with, or appropriate their parents’ beliefs and behaviors (e.g., Freud, 1923/1961; Hoffman, 1983).
Coercive Control
Authors: Stark Evan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The battle against domestic violence has focused primarily on incidents of extreme physical abuse and the resulting trauma to the victim. While there is a growing understanding of some forms of psychological abuse, such as stalking, there is less understanding of the pattern of abuse where physical attacks are combined with isolation, intimidation, and control. Stark argues that coercive control, which may not include any physical abuse, is actually the more prevalent and devastating form of domestic abuse, yet remains largely invisible to the helping professionals and has no legal standing. He contends that interventions are ineffective for a large number of battered women due to the gap between what these women experience and the singular emphasis on male violence and victim trauma. Drawing extensively on case studies, Stark identifies the problems with our current approach to domestic violence, outlines the components of coercive control, and then uses this alternate framework to analyse the cases of battered women charged with criminal offenses directed at their abusers. He presents the controversial notion that coercive control should be a legal defense for women who attack or kill their abusers.
Hanover 1688-1703
Authors: Timms Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During his fifteen years at Hanover Steffani worked mainly in the secular fields that he had begun to cultivate in Munich. He was engaged as Kapellmeister to compose and direct the court opera but became increasingly involved in diplomatic affairs. Diplomacy eventually predominated, forcing him to abandon the opera, though he still composed and revised his chamber duets. His musical and diplomatic activities were interrelated. Duke Ernst August regarded opera as a symbol of power and an instrument of propaganda, using it to demonstrate the wealth and importance of his house. A knowledge of the political background is therefore essential to a full appreciation of Steffani’s work as a composer.
Understanding Depression
Authors: Klein Donald F , Wender Paul H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When Understanding Depression was first published over ten years ago, it quickly became a trusted guide for the millions of Americans suffering from depression. Now the long-awaited revised and expanded second edition of this definitive and readable book is available to a new generation of those struggling with depression and their families. Informed by up-to-date research on new drugs and treatments for biological depression, the authors again carefully illustrate the importance of accurately diagnosing the disease and using scientific data and tested research methods in treating it. The book provides the means of evaluating the benefits and disadvantages of both pharmaceutical and psychological treatment of depression and explores the different treatments available. The completely revised medication chapter covers both the old and the new antidepressants and SSRIs, as well as popular herbal supplements like St. John’s Wort. It also focuses on the environmental and hereditary causes of biological depression, about which there are still many misconceptions, even among professionals. The authors include several self-rating tests which readers can use to determine the need to seek a psychological evaluation. Using excerpts from patient histories to show their progress from the onset of depression to treatment to recovery, the authors put a human face on the specter of depression. Most of its victims fail to seek help, whether out of guilt or ignorance, and many are misdiagnosed by physicians or psychotherapists who fail to recognize the symptoms of the illness. Understanding Depression is an excellent source of support, providing a highly informed and readable guide to this much misunderstood disease.
Northern Mexico’s Landscape, Part II: The Biotic Setting across Time
Authors: Ferrusquía-Villafranca Ismael , González-Guzmán Laura I 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An understanding of the terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems of northern Mexico (i.e., the Baja California peninsula and mainland Mexico north of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt; see fig. 1.1) must begin with an appreciation of past and current physical forces. Natural communities and ecosystems are dynamic over a wide range of tem-poral and spatial scales, and as demonstrated in chapter 1, they have been modified by geological events that occurred over tens of millions of years. Plate tectonic activity, volcanism, marine transgres-sion, and the associated shifts in climate and soil types all have played a large role in establishing the heterogeneity of current habitats and the distribu-tion of contemporary species and communities.
Hummingbird Communities along an Elevational Gradient in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Eastern Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Devender Thomas R Van , Krebbs Karen , Cartron Jean-Luc E , G. Ana Lilia Reina , Calder William A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With an area of about 185,430 km, Sonora is the second largest state in Mexico. It has a convoluted topography, and in particular its eastern portion is dominated by multiple north–southtrending mountain ranges belonging to the Sierra Madre Occidental. Four main river systems (from north to south, Río Colorado, Río Yaqui, Río Mayo, and Río Fuerte) drain the state to the Gulf of California, which lies to the west. Sonora’s rich flora includes about 5000 vascular plant species of mixed temperate and tropical affinity or origin (Felger and Wilson 1995; Felger et al. 2001). Besides vascular plants, the overall high biological diversity of Sonora includes more than 500 species of (year-round) resident and migratory birds, including 16 hummingbirds (Russell and Monson 1998).
Cetacean Diversity and Conservation in the Gulf of California
Authors: R. Jorge Urbán , Rojas-Bracho Lorenzo , Guerrero-Ruíz Mercedes , Jaramillo-Legorreta Armando , Findley Lloyd T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Gulf of California, also called the Sea of Cortez, is an elongate marine basin with north-west-to-southeast orientation and is bounded on the west by the Baja California peninsula and on the east by mainland Mexico (fig. 14.1). It exceeds 1100 km in length and varies from 100 to 200 km in width. Altogether, it has an estimated surface area of nearly 260,000 km2 (for a comprehensive description of the Gulf, see chapter 9).
Catherine II and Moscow on the Eve of the Plague (1762-70)
Authors: Alexander John T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1770, Moscow had not recorded a case of bubonic plague for more than a century. As the world’s most northern giant city, Moscow seemed relatively safe from warm weather diseases, such as plague, which Europeans increasingly relegated to backward regions like the Middle East. Although the epidemic of 1770-72 surprised the city, some observers had foreseen the threat of communicable disease. Indeed, whether viewed from the perspective of the eighteenth or the twentieth centuries, Moscow in 1770 presented an ideal setting for massive infection.
What kind of city was Moscow on the eve of the plague? What features attracted disease? What urban problems did contemporaries see as critical, and how were those perceived as dangerous being resolved? To fathom the reactions of contemporaries to the epidemic, one should understand their perceptions of the city. Catherine’s opinions hold special importance, because they shaped the policies that Petersburg devised for Moscow in the context of the imperial government’s general domestic program. Yet since the Empress loathed Moscow and rarely visited there, her views require comparison with local and foreign perspectives.
In the sphere of domestic policy, Catherine spent the first eight years of her reign cultivating public confidence in her government’s ability to lead Russia toward full and equal membership in the European community. Coincidentally she calculated that prudently progressive policies would solidify her doubtful claim to the throne. Thus, her government instituted piecemeal reforms that pursued administrative efficiency and uniformity, promoted economic advance and fiscal growth, and propagated enlightenment through expanded educational facilities, cultural activities, and religious tolerance. For example, Catherine rejuvenated the senate in 1762-63, expanded the functions and personnel of the office of procurator-general in 1763-64, and incorporated the Ukraine into the empire by abolishing New Serbia in 1762 and the hetmanate in 1764.
Fluctuations in Numbers: Population Regulation and Catastrophic Mortality
Authors: Marr James N M Smith1 Amy B , Arcese Peter , Keller Lukas F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All populations have the potential for unlimited increase in the absence of restriction on reproduction or survival (Malthus 1798). One framework in which to discuss these restrictions involves identifying the presence and effect of density-independent and density-dependent factors, which can each limit population growth (Sinclair 1989). Density independent limiting factors reduce reproduction or survival with equal force at all population sizes and destabilize populations overall. These effects are often related to environmental variation and lead occasionally to population crashes due to episodes of catastrophic mortality. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo killed roughly 67% of the red-cockaded wood peckers inhabiting Francis Marion National Forest, South Carolina (Hooper et al. 1990). In contrast, density-dependent limiting factors increase in effect as populations grow and thus regulate populations at an equilibrium carrying capacity in the absence of environmental variation (Sinclair 1989).
Social Mechanisms: Dominance, Territoriality, Song, and the Mating System
Authors: Smith James N M , Arcese Peter , O’Connor Kathleen D , Reid Jane M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Social dominance and territoriality are related aspects of aggression (Watson and Moss 1970). Dominance occurs when an individual repeatedly gets first access to a benefit such as food or a social opportunity (Piper 1997). Dominance is often signaled by threats from dominants and appeasement or submissive behavior by subordinates. Territoriality occurs when dominants exclude conspecifics from a particular area (Brown 1969). Territoriality and dominance thus differ mainly in the degree to which an individual monopolizes space. Often, only some parts of a joint range are defended while others are shared amicably and rank within a pair may shift across the range (Brown 1964). Both dominance and territoriality are conspicuous in songbirds. Territoriality is widespread in the breeding season (Howard 1920), while dominance occurs in many nonbreeding flocks (e.g., Nolan and Ketterson 1990).
Immigrants and Gene Flow in Small Populations
Authors: Marr Amy B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapter 7, we showed that individuals in small, isolated populations are more likely to inbreed and experience inbreeding depression. We also noted that isolated populations tend to lose the genetic variation that is vital for adapting to new environmental challenges and diseases. Studies of natural populations suggest that gene flow from immigrants can reverse the genetic deterioration of inbred populations; this is called genetic rescue (Vila et al. 2003; Tallmon et al. 2004).
Population Viability in the Presence and Absence of Cowbirds, Catastrophic Mortality, and Immigration
Authors: Arcese Peter , Marr Amy B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Isolation, catastrophic mortality, small average population size, and exposure to nonnative enemies all influence the dynamics of Mandarte Island song sparrows (see chapters 3-5). Several populations of song sparrows of concern to conservation also face similar threats (Chan and Arcese 2002), as do other small and isolated populations of vertebrates. In this chapter we describe a simple model to rank the potential influence of some of these factors on the expected size and viability of the Mandarte Island song sparrow population. Because catastrophic mortality events affect all ages of song sparrows on Mandarte Island, we expected that the frequency of catastrophes would have an overriding influence on population viability. We also expected that immigration to the island might occasionally rescue the population from extinction. Finally, because cowbirds reduced the reproductive rate of song sparrows on Mandarte Island, we expected their presence to reduce the average population size and increase the risk of extinction. Below, we begin by providing some background to demographic analysis and the assessment of potential threats in the context of population viability analysis (PYA). Whenever we try to conserve populations of plants or animals, questions naturally arise about the hierarchy of threats facing those populations, the alternative approaches to ameliorate those threats, and the likelihood that the amelioration of key threats will result in recovery (Beissinger 2002; Boyce 2002). Answering questions such as these requires that we understand the mechanisms of population growth and stability and their influence on population persistence. So far, however, few populations worldwide have been studied in sufficient detail to answer such questions with precision (Ludwig 1999; Beissinger 2002).
Gene Characterization
Authors: Thomas Duncan C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Suppose that we have identified a locus as a likely causal gene for the disease under study, a candidate gene. There are now a number of things we might wish to learn about that gene, including:
whether in fact it is associated with the disease, after controlling for other risk factors such as ethnicity (see Chapter 9)
the spectrum of mutations that occur among cases, as well as any neutral polymorphisms that occur no more commonly among cases than among the general population
the biological effect of each mutation
the genetic relative risks and dominance associated with each polymorphism
the absolute age-specific penetrance function for each polymorphism
the population allele frequencies for the different polymorphisms
the molecular function of the gene
Tying It All Together: The Genetic Epidemiology Of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Thomas Duncan C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This concluding chapter will illustrate the entire process of genetic epidemiology with the colorectal cancer story and show how the study of familial cancer sheds light on fundamental mechanistic processes. We begin with a historical perspective and insights from the descriptive epidemiology of familial and sporadic cancers and the role of nongenetic risk factors. We then explore the role of germline and somatic mutations in cancer, the two-hit hypothesis, and the different types of cancer genes that are involved. The two major forms of familial colorectal cancer—familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)—are then discussed separately, showing the role that familial aggregation, segregation, linkage, and association studies have played and discussing ongoing efforts to characterize the relevant genes. This section concludes with a discussion of apparently sporadic cancers and the role that other genes and complex pathways might play in some of them. Finally, we look ahead to the future and speculate on the potential impact of high-volume genotyping methods, gene expression arrays, DNA methylation, imprinting, and proteomics.
Aspects of the Low IP Area
Authors: Belletti Adriana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reconsiders and develops a proposal presented in Belletti (2001). The discussion that follows leaves the core insight of the original proposal essentially unchanged, although some aspects of the implementation are revised in a way that leads to changes in some areas; the overall empirical coverage of the proposal itself is also widened. Recent studies on the cartography of the left periphery of the clause, started with Rizzi (1997) and subsequent work (Poletto 2000; Beninca ‘ 2001; Beninca’ and Poletto [chapter 3 in this volume], and Poletto and Pollock [chapter 9 in this volume] and references cited therein), have come to the conclusion that the clause (IP, henceforth for simplicity) external area, traditionally labeled CP, is indeed a much richer and articulated space than traditionally assumed. Several dedicated positions split the single head C, including positions indicating the Force of the following clause and its Fin(itness). As extensively discussed in Rizzi (1997) and related work, between Force and Fin various other CP internal positions are identified: crucially a Focus position surrounded by (possibly iterated) Topic positions. Processes of Focalization and Topicalization are thus analyzed as involving movement of a phrase to the dedicated position in the left periphery. In this view, the different interpretations of the peripheral constituent, either as a topic or as a focus with respect to the following sentence, are automatic reflexes of the derived configuration.
On the Left Periphery of Some Romance Wh-Questions
Authors: Poletto Cecilia , Pollock Jean-Yves 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter sketches out the fine structure of the left periphery of questions as it emerges from our ongoing research on French, Bellunese, and Italian wh-questions (see Pollock et al. 1999; Poletto and Pollock 1999, 2000; Pollock 2000). The two basic principles that have guided our inquiry are simply stated. The first is standard in comparative work in generative grammar; it claims that the considerable variation in spell-out sequences exhibited by the wh-configurations across (those three) languages is not random; rather, it can be profitably (re)analyzed as reflecting the interplay of the invariant structure of the complementizer domain (in Romance) and a small number of morphologically based differences that are part of the primary linguistic data to which the language learners are necessarily exposed.
A Most Important Form of Commerce: The Rise of the Cotton Kingdom
Authors: Deyle Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the first two weeks of January 1832, an extraordinary debate over the future of slavery took place in the Virginia state legislature. Held in response to the Nat Turner rebellion of the previous August, this was the first and only time in the nineteenth century that a southern state openly considered abolishing the institution of chattel slavery. For many white Virginians, this most successful of all North American slave insurrections shook their confidence in the slave system and its presumption that their “people” were happy with their lot. Yet, slavery had been a part of their society for more than 200 years, and it defined their very way of life. This debate carried ramifications for the rest of the South as well, since Virginia was not only the oldest slave state but also the largest. In the end, the slaveholders in the state managed to thwart this challenge to their identity and their livelihood, but just barely, as the legislature came within fifteen votes of abolishing the institution.
Introduction
Authors: Holden Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Loose talk about globalization seems to have spawned a new historical specialty, “global history,” and an interesting discussion among historians about its utility. A global historian keeps “a global vision,” specializing in a problem that can be “conceived globally” but investigated locally. According to historian Bruce Mazlish, there is no single global history but “many global experiences,” each of which merits its own history. Although not much of anything could have been globalized before about 1500, it seems clear enough that certain institutions have been globalized— that is, diffused around the globe—at different times at distinctive rates.
El Salvador: Distrustful Collaborator
Authors: Holden Robert H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Just as it did for the rest of Latin America, World War II forced an abrupt about-face in El Salvador’s military training and supply lines, with the United States replacing Europe. Gen. Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, whose government declared war on Germany and Italy immediately after the United States did so, had already consolidated his dictatorship. Rolling back the modest social welfare legislation of the 1920s, he outlawed labor unions and all political parties but his own and imposed censorship while strengthening the power of the central government at the expense of the municipalities. Like his fellow dictator General Ubico in Guatemala, Hernández Martínez, an alumnus of Guatemala’s Escuela Politécnica Militar, was a pioneer in the technique of “disappearing” recalcitrant dissidents that South American military dictatorships would perfect in the 1970s.
Weighing the Evidence
Authors: Godbeer Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
William Jones, Connecticut’s deputy-governor and a member of the special court appointed to deal with the witch accusations in Stamford and Compo, did not take his responsibilities lightly. There survives in the archives a memorandum in William Jones’s handwriting that summarizes carefully the established procedures for prosecuting an accused witch. It includes two sets of requirements: one for arresting and examining someone suspected of witchcraft, the other for convicting and hanging an indicted witch. Mister Jones most likely compiled this guide in preparation for the trials that would take place at the end of the summer in Fairfield. Like most other New England magistrates, William Jones had no legal training; he sat on the bench as a part-time public service, not as a full-time professional career. But he had devoted considerable time and energy to reading legal manuals and theological works that discussed the issues involved in witchcraft cases. He would now presumably compare the requirements for examination and conviction outlined in these texts with the evidence against Elizabeth Clawson and Mercy Disborough.