bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Eating Habits and Body Mass Index in transition; A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Public and Private Schools of Lahore
Authors: Nasir Mehreen , Junaid Khunsa , Arshad Amber , Rafique Saadia 
Published: February 2024

Background
Pakistan is facing a double burden of disease. Nutrition has an impact on nutritionally related non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition in adolescent age continues in adulthood so interventions in this stage can help us fight this emerging problem.
Objective:
To determine the nutritional status of school-going adolescents and their eating patterns and then compare them between public and private secondary schools of Lahore.
Methods
This analytical cross-sectional study was done on 372 school-going adolescents from 01.03.2023 to 20.06.2023 (3.5 months). A self-structured questionnaire was filled with interviews by convenience sampling. Weight and height were measured and BMI was plotted on WHO z charts to determine the nutritional status. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS Version 21. The chi-square test was used to compare BMI and its determinants. Factors found significant were subjected to Binary logistic regression. P-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results
Out of the 372 school-going adolescent participants had a mean age of 14.86 years SD ± 1.75 (164 males and 208 females). 76(20.43%) were underweight, 201 (54.03%) had normal weight, 66(17.74%) were overweight and 29(7.8%) were obese. Public Schools had higher odds of undernutrition AOR 1.49 and lower odds of overweight and obesity AOR 0.38. Males had a reduced chance of undernutrition AOR 0.59 while the increased odds of overweight/ Obesity AOR 1.81. Age groups 11 to 15 years had reduced odds of undernutrition as compared to 16 to 19 years AOR 0.53 and increased odds of overweight/ obesity as compared to 16 to 19 years AOR 2 .00.
Conclusion
There is a significant difference in the nutritional status and eating habits of adolescents between public and private schools. Undernutrition is higher in public schools, among females and age 16 to 19 years. Nutritional interventions should be strengthened in school health services
Design, Operation and Economics of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Krampe Jörg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This book emphasizes the growing interest in the design and operation of large wastewater treatment plants throughout the past decades. The outstanding role of LWWTPs nowadays results from the shift of the world's population from rural to urbanized areas with centralized sewer systems. The urban population of the world has grown rapidly from 751 million in 1950 to 4.2 billion in 2018.
Asia is home to 54% of the world's urban population, followed by Europe and Africa with 13% each. Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050. Projections show that urbanization, combined with the overall growth of the world's population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban areas by 2050, with close to 90% of this increase taking place in Asia and Africa.
Topics covered in this book include operational data and research centred around large-scale applications of innovative technologies and approaches; topics connected with the design and operation of LWWTPs, such as data acquisition for design purposes, application of mathematical models, nitrogen removal optimization and financial sustainability. Emerging topics of interest are also examined, such as the removal of micropollutants and microplastics, greenhouse gas emissions, activated sludge granulation and the effect of street thawing salt on plants.
In Focus–a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.
Making Water Smart
Authors: Wade Matthew J , Keedwell Edward C. , Steyer Jean-Philippe , Ruano Garcia M. Victoria 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapters in this book highlight the breadth of smart water technologies and applications. From the use of classical machine learning and data transformation methods for process improvement, to data management and assimilation in models for better monitoring control, a selection of these chapters describes the acquisition and preparation of data as an initial step in its use as part of a digital framework for smart water applications. Importantly, several chapters examine the use of smart tools and contemporary AI technologies, such as neural networks and Internet of Things, that demonstrate value in non-conventional or remote environments. This collection demonstrates the innovation possible through the entire ‘pipeline’ of the process of applying smart water techniques, from data measurement and collection, through initial analysis to the application of machine learning and AI techniques and finally through to system deployment. Each of these steps plays an important role in the application of data science and AI techniques to water problems.
Collectively, the book showcases the innovation required to leverage modern data science and AI approaches in the water sector and collectively point the way towards a future of new measurement techniques, innovative methodologies, and intuitive human interaction to truly ‘Make Water Smart’.
In Focus–a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.
Construction of wetlands in La Piedad Lagoon: a strategy to mitigate climate change in Mexico
Authors: Sosa Rodriguez F. S. , Chaparro-Herrera D. J. , Vazquez-Arenas J. , Arias A. Nava , Alva-Martínez A. F. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The freshwater systems located within the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (Mexico City and the State of Mexico) are depleted. La Piedad Lagoon is recognized as a critical water resource as it serves as a run-off reservoir during the rainy season. However, the Lagoon is highly contaminated by untreated wastewater discharge due to disorderly and unplanned urban development. Inadequate sanitation has caused significant biodiversity loss and negatively impacted the population's health. Climate change models estimate that surface water availability could be reduced by over 30% in the short term, increasing the risk of a regional water crisis. This complex situation is urgent and demands the ecological restoration of La Piedad Lagoon as it provides an alternative source of water for Mexico City. Here, the intervention and efforts currently performed to rescue La Piedad Lagoon are described, involving its transformation and analysis of the environmental conditions of the area, land uses and ownership, as well as available infrastructure. Finally, it examines key environmental parameters for the construction of wetlands in the Lagoon. The removal contamination capacities of Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor, two aquatic plants in the area, were assessed. The lessons learned from this intervention can provide valuable lessons.
A novel approach to determine spatial prioritization of flooding mitigation practices based on coupled hydrodynamic and rainfall-tracking model
Authors: Wang Xinghua , Hou Jingming , Pan Xinxin , Chen Guangzhao , Gao Xujun , Zhang Zhaoan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This article is focused on proposing a novel approach to determining flood mitigation practices based on coupled hydrodynamic and rainfall-tracking models. V-shaped and Baogaisi catchments were applied to assess the effects of the novel approach in mitigating peak discharge and runoff volume, respectively. Specifically, traditional afforestation scenarios were planned from downstream to upstream, while novel afforestation scenarios were designed based on the maximum and minimum contribution rate of sub-areas. Then two types of cases were simulated by the coupled hydrodynamic and rainfall-tracking model again to evaluate the mitigating effects of different afforestation practices. Results show that the coupled model is able to obtain accurate hydrodynamic and rainfall-tracing information simultaneously within each computing grid under the flooding caused by rainfall events. Moreover, in comparison with the reduction effects of traditional cases, results simulated under two catchments illustrated that the novel approach is able to determine spatial prioritization of afforestation management practices. In particular, there is a positive correlation between the contribution rate of afforestation area and the reduction effect of runoff volume caused by rainfall events. Thus, the research could provide a more scientific and reasonable guide in determining spatial prioritization flooding mitigation practices for planners and governments.
Reassessing the indicator value of the EPT group in karst rivers under hydromorphological pressure
Authors: Šumanović Marina , Pozojevic Ivana , Vilenica Marina , Matoničkin Kepčija Renata , Mihaljević Zlatko , Gulin Beljak Vesna , Miliša Marko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Hydromorphological degradation is one of the most common stressors to freshwater ecosystems nowadays. Rivers lose riparian vegetation, habitat heterogeneity, natural flow velocity, etc., due to hydromorphological alterations. We analyzed macroinvertebrate communities in a wide range of hydromorphological conditions – from near natural sites to significantly altered water bodies, focusing on Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT). Considering that the EPT group is a quite sensitive and generally stenovalent group, we wanted to examine which of the hydromorphological pressures affects them the most. We also wanted to identify indicator taxa for different levels of degradation: minor, moderate, and severe. We collected samples from 84 karst rivers sites in Croatia. We found 52 taxa of EPT (Ephemeroptera – 21, Plecoptera – 11, Trichoptera – 20). Changes in river morphology proved to be the most important stressor affecting the distribution of the EPT group. Hydrological regulation did not show significance toward the EPT community, possibly due to the karst nature of the rivers studied. The most sensitive EPT taxa were those with the greatest preference for macrophytes and lithal habitats. More tolerant EPT taxa were those with a wide range of habitat preferences and/or taxa that feed on particulate organic matter.
Investigating the impact of climate change on irrigation and crop water requirements of Bhadra and Tungabhadra command area: A CMIP-6 GCMs and CROPWAT 8.0 approach
Authors: Rudraswamy G. K. , Umamahesh N. V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The effect of climate change on water availability and agriculture water demand is crucial for assessing agricultural productivity and economic development in semi-arid regions. The present study examines the crop water requirement (CWR) and irrigation water requirement (IWR) of the Bhadra and Tungabhadra (TB) command areas, with a focus on forecasting future irrigation water needs. Using the CROPWAT 8.0 software, CWR and IWR were estimated for the base period (1975–2010) and three future periods: near future (2023–2048), middle future (2049–2074), and far future (2075–2099). Five best-performing Global Climate Models (GCMs) were utilized under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) (i.e., SSP-245 and SSP-585). The results indicate that in the Bhadra command area, CWR increases during the kharif season under both SSPs. However, monthly IWR for the kharif season experiences a significant decrease, except for June. In the TB command area, CWR shows a decreasing trend, while monthly IWR increases for both seasons in future periods. The SSP-585 scenario exhibits a more pronounced increment in CWR and IWR for both command areas. The results enhance comprehension of water demand dynamics in agricultural areas, assisting policymakers and stakeholders in devising effective strategies to address climate change impacts on agriculture and encourage sustainable practices.
Local and Remote Chemogenetic Suppression of Hippocampal Seizures in
Rats
Authors: Li Donghong , Yan Xi , Xing Yue , Yan Jiaqing , Wang Junling , Zhang Herui , Wang Jiaoyang , Li Xiaonan , Su Zhumin , Loh Horace Hao , Yang Xiaofeng , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Innovative treatments of refractory epilepsy are widely desired, for which
chemogenetic technology can provide region- and cell-type-specific modulation with relative noninvasiveness.

Objectives:
We aimed to explore the specific applications of chemogenetics for locally and remotely
networks controlling hippocampal seizures.

Methods:
A virus coding for a modified human Gi-coupled M4 muscarinic receptor (hM4Di) on pyramidal
cells was injected into either the right hippocampal CA3 or the bilateral anterior nucleus of the
thalamus (ANT) in rats. After one month, seizures were induced by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) injection
into the right CA3. Simultaneously, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) (2.5 mg/kg) or clozapine (0.1 mg/kg),
the specific ligands acting on hM4Di, were injected intraperitoneally. We also set up hM4Di control
and clozapine control groups to eliminate the influence of viral transfection and the ligand alone on the
experimental results.

Results:
For both local and remote controls, the mean seizure duration was significantly reduced upon
ligand application in the experimental groups. Seizure frequency, on the other hand, only showed a
significant decrease in local control, with a lower frequency in the clozapine group than in the CNO
group. Both the effects of CNO and clozapine were time-dependent, and clozapine was faster than
CNO in local seizure control.

Conclusion:
This study shows the potency of chemogenetics to attenuate hippocampal seizures locally
or remotely by activating the transfected hM4Di receptor with CNO or clozapine. ANT is suggested as
a potentially safe chemogenetic application target in the epileptic network for focal hippocampal seizures.
An Escape Game on University Students’ Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cocreation Study
Authors: Labrosse David , Vié Clara , Hajjam Hana , Tisseron Clément , Thellier Dimitri , Montagni Ilaria 
Published: February 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe impact on students’ mental health. Interventions are needed to promote their psychological well-being and prevent mental illnesses in the aftermath of this unprecedented situation. Digital escape games can be an effective tool to support students’ mental health. A cocreation approach can improve the acceptability of these interventions by involving different stakeholders (eg, end users, game designers, and health professionals) to obtain audience-specific games.

Objective
This study aims to describe the process of testing and optimizing the game “EscapeCovid” on students’ mental health, to serve as a model for the cocreation of future similar interventions.

Methods
The PRODUCES (Problem, Objective, Design, End Users, Cocreators, Evaluation, Scalability) framework was used. Cocreation steps (test and optimization) were detailed for replicability. A total of 45 students tested a pilot version of the game, with 10 undergoing a semistructured interview. Meetings with a group of stakeholders and brainwriting were organized to optimize the game.

Results
We produced a new version of the game incorporating the suggestions provided by student testers and following the stakeholders’ guidelines. Improvements were made to both the content and the form of the new version of the pilot game. The storyline, including the protagonist and the scenes, was adapted to the student population.

Conclusions
Our results suggested that cocreation can contribute to the design of more widely accepted interventions aimed at promoting mental health and preventing psychological disorders. Results also suggest that an end user–centered approach can facilitate intervention tailoring. When conceiving a health-related escape game for students, we recommend using the cocreation approach to enhance players’ experience, thus positively influencing their learning process and overall well-being.
Implementación de un robot humanoide impreso en 3D con motricidad en las extremidades superiores semejantes a las del ser humano
Authors: Yarad Melany , Figueroa Olmedo Junior , Coral Edisson 
Published: February 2024

En la actualidad, la tecnología está avanzando gracias a la creación de máquinas inteligentes que cumplen técnicas similares a los que realiza un operario humano, esto permite que al paso de los días se busquen formas de maniobrar o realizar procesos mediante un robot operario; que tenga las características físicas a un ser humano y pueda cumplir todo tipo de tareas que se pretende realice.
Este proyecto tiene como objetivo construir e implementar un robot humanoide, el cual dispone de motricidad en las extremidades superiores para que pueda realizar movimientos similares a los del ser humano. Para la elaboración del robot humanoide se usará la metodología deductiva, al ser un problema de investigación con perspectivas múltiples a nivel tecnológico - educativo, se basa en este método por la facilidad de partir en un entorno de ideas generales hasta llegar a verificar cada resultado de forma específica. Se podrá generar movimientos precisos a la hora de la manipulación y pruebas del robot humanoide que tiene fines prácticos, así se obtendrá conocimientos verídicos y respaldados a partir del empirismo que se lleva a cabo por el análisis en tiempo real del robot humanoide. En este proceso se ocupan diseños open source para la construcción de todo el modelo del robot humanoide y posteriormente corrección de algunas piezas para la generación del código de impresión 3D. Obteniendo como resultado un robot humanoide impreso en 3D.
La Geopolítica Ecuatoriana Desde Los Inicios Como República Y La Importancia De Los Espacios Marítimos En La Actualidad
Authors: Ramos Hernández César 
Published: February 2024

Resumen

Este ensayo busca revisar el pasado del Ecuador y reconocer las posibles causas de las pérdidas de territorio, desde el punto de vista Geopolítico, tomando como base la teoría realista, así como los principios y pensamientos de varios estrategas, quienes hasta la presente fecha, mantienen los postulados y las referencias conceptuales válidas y se adaptan a las diferentes circunstancias del país, de tal forma de poder establecer una aproximación geopolítica donde se vuelve de suma importancia la proyección del país hacia la cuenca del Pacífico a través de la incorporación como miembro pleno de la Alianza del Pacífico, desarrollar el puerto de aguas profundas de Posorja, el aprovechamiento de la posición estratégica de las Islas Galápagos y las relaciones diplomáticas con Estados Unidos.

Palabras clave: Geopolítica, realismo, especio vital, frontera marítima, posición geográfica.
Comparison of preoperative retrobulbar bupivacaine and postoperative subcutaneous liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing enucleation
Authors: Opgenorth Taylor A. , Bentley Ellison , Smith Lesley J. , Bartholomew Kyle J. , Lasarev Michael R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the effectiveness of preoperative bupivacaine inferotemporal retrobulbar blocks to postoperative liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (Nocita) line blocks for analgesia following enucleation.

ANIMALS
39 client-owned dogs (40 eyes) presenting to the Ophthalmology Service for enucleation.

METHODS
Dogs were randomly assigned to receive either a preoperative inferotemporal retrobulbar block with 0.5% bupivacaine or a peri-incisional line block with liposome-encapsulated bupivacaine (Nocita) at closure. Patients underwent unilateral enucleation and were hospitalized for 24 hours after surgery. Pain scores were performed by a masked observer with the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale and the University of Wisconsin Ocular Pain Scale at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours following surgery. Intraoperative use of blood pressure and anesthetic support mediations as well as need for rescue pain control were recorded and compared between groups.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference in rescue rates between treatment groups. When comparing the use of medical intraoperative heart rate, blood pressure, or anesthetic plane support, there were no significant differences in use between groups.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Use of preoperative bupivacaine retrobulbar blocks and postoperative Nocita line blocks were equally effective at postoperative pain control with similarly low complication rates.
School Leadership under Covid-19 Pandemic: A Critique of the South African School Context
Authors: Sepeng Sylvia , Kgwete Ephraim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The advent of COVID-19 exposed the lack of readiness for school leaders to cope with demands of leading during a pandemic. Globally, school leaders were not trained to deal with a crisis of COVID-19 proportions. Leaders in the twenty-first century need to have the required skills like the twenty-first century leadership skills and Fourth Industrial Revolution skills. This study investigated how school leaders are handling the challenges of school leadership under the COVID-19 pandemic in the 4IR era. This study adopted a qualitative research approach. An analysis of local and international literature was done to identify gaps. The study revealed that school leaders and teachers have inadequate information and communication technology skills. Leadership preparation programmes are lagging behind in preparing school leaders to lead in a crisis. Furthermore, the study revealed that school leaders and teachers do not establish communities of learning to learn leadership skills from each other. The study has concluded that there is no alignment between the level of readiness for school leaders and leadership skills of the twenty-first century.
Model of Sustainable Collaborative Network for Educating Digital Literacy: A Case Study of Schools in the Sub-districts of Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand
Authors: Leksansern Arisara , Niramitchainont Poschanan , Longpradit Panchit , Chansaengsee Sovaritthon , Leksansern Prasert 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the need for digital literacy for teachers in schools in the sub-districts of Nakhon Pathom Province; to design a model of teacher digital literacy development and create a model of a sustainable collaborative network for educating digital literacy in schools in the sub-districts of Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand. The research was action research. The samples were teachers from schools in the sub-districts of Nakhon Pathom Province; by selecting schools from the Office of Nakhon Pathom Primary Education Service Area Office 2, 32 teachers from Phutthamonthon District, Bang Len District, Nakhon Chai Si District, and Sampran District. The findings indicated that the digital literacy needs assessment of teachers, based on the application of OCSC (2020) digital literacy framework, suggested that the highest PNImodified score was 0.492 for Using Digital Media Creation Software, whereas the lowest PNImodified score was 0.205 for Using the Internet. The model of a sustainable collaborative network for educating digital literacy in schools in the sub-districts of Nakhon Pathom Province is developed based on the system theory and education philosophy as core principles. The model consists of 4 main components such as 1) education philosophy; 2) input from external driving forces, organization factors, operation factors, and teachers’ factors; 3) processing factor in developing digital learning management skills and building a sustainable collaborative network; and 4) output of students, teachers, school administrators and schools.