bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of high protein feed on the maintenance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock in brackishwater culture
Authors: Chairany N , Sari L A , Arshad S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a fish native to Indonesian waters which has spread to Southeast Asia and China. Tilapia is generally cultivated in fresh waters, but due to the high demand adaptation of tilapia cultivation in brackishwater is also conducted. The purpose of the study was to determine the analysis of high protein feed in rearing Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock in brackishwater culture. The research method included the data collection of specific daily growth rate parameters and survival values. The content of protein used in feed was 35%. The results included the value of the specific daily growth rate of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock of 0.0102% and a survival value of 100%. The water quality was in the temperature range of 27-33oC, pH of 6-8, DO of 3.26-6.38 mg/L, and salinity of 0-5 ppt. The study was influenced by several factors including pond preparation, broodstock preparation, broodstock selection, broodstock feeding, water quality management, and pest and disease control.
Fatigue failure prediction through factor of safety and stress concentration in a malfunctioned AISI 4140 automotive crankshaft
Authors: Mylsamy Suresh , Subramanyan Neelakrishnan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The performance and safety of any vehicle relies on proper design of crankshaft. Crankshaft failure occurs mainly due to the combination of imbalance and minor deflections when the materials is subjected to combined bending and twisting. Failure analysis is crucial to identify the causes and modes of failure, in order to improve the service life of automotive crankshafts and prevent accidents. This research analyses the root cause of failure by testing a failed crankshaft of a twin cylinder diesel engine used in mini commercial vehicle runs around 80000 km. The important research gap identified as that there is no fool-proof techniques and validation procedures are followed in the service stations during its life cycle period. This investigation of a failed crankshaft provides detailed composition of material, its micro structure and mechanical properties. Further, rotary analysis, experimental modal analysis and mechanical testing of materials are helpful in characterizing proper materials to be selected and analyzing the root cause of failure. The experimental setup helps to test a crankshaft and its specimen as per ASTM testing procedures and the results are correlated with numerical analysis using ANSYS software. The objective of this investigation is to provide insights through failure analysis to the designers and manufacturers, thereby improve the reliability and safety of automotive crankshafts, ensure safe operation of the vehicle, and eventually minimize financial losses.
CRPU-NET: a deep learning model based semantic segmentation for the detection of colorectal polyp in lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Selvaraj Jothiraj , Umapathy Snekhalatha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Purpose. The objectives of the proposed work are twofold. Firstly, to develop a specialized light weight CRPU-Net for the segmentation of polyps in colonoscopy images. Secondly, to conduct a comparative analysis of the performance of CRPU-Net with implemented state-of-the-art models. Methods. We have utilized two distinct colonoscopy image datasets such as CVC-ColonDB and CVC-ClinicDB. This paper introduces the CRPU-Net, a novel approach for the automated segmentation of polyps in colorectal regions. A comprehensive series of experiments was conducted using the CRPU-Net, and its performance was compared with that of state-of-the-art models such as VGG16, VGG19, U-Net and ResUnet++. Additional analysis such as ablation study, generalizability test and 5-fold cross validation were performed. Results. The CRPU-Net achieved the segmentation accuracy of 96.42% compared to state-of-the-art model like ResUnet++ (90.91%). The Jaccard coefficient of 93.96% and Dice coefficient of 95.77% was obtained by comparing the segmentation performance of the CRPU-Net with ground truth. Conclusion. The CRPU-Net exhibits outstanding performance in Segmentation of polyp and holds promise for integration into colonoscopy devices enabling efficient operation.
Progress of Lyman-alpha-based beam emission spectroscopy (LyBES) diagnostic on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: ZHOU 周 Yixuan 艺轩 , YU 余 Yi 羿 , XU 许 Min 敏 , KE 柯 Rui 锐 , NIE 聂 Lin 林 , XU 徐 Hao 皓 , ZHAO 赵 Guangyi 光义 , LIU 刘 Hao 灏 , YUAN 袁 Zihao 子豪 , XIAO 肖 Chenyu 晨雨 , LI 李 Jiquan 继全 , XIAO 肖 Chijie 池阶 , Team the HL-2A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
An edge Lyman-alpha-based beam emission spectroscopy (LyBES) diagnostic, using a heating NBI (neutral beam injection) system, is currently under development on the HL-2A tokamak. The 20-channel edge LyBES, which is intended to measure the density fluctuation in plasma edge (from R = 1960 mm to R = 2026 mm) with an improved spatial resolution of 3.3 mm, is a complement to the existing conventional beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic. In this article, we introduce the progress of LyBES diagnostic, including the collection optics, the monochromator, and the detector system. The reflectance of the collection mirrors is measured to be ~82% at 122 nm, and the aberration geometrical radius of the collection optics is tested to be ~150 μm in the aimed area. The linear dispersion of the LyBES monochromator is designed to be ~0.09 nm mm−1. The bandwidth of the detector system with the 5×107 V A−1 preamplifier gain is measured to be ~280 kHz, and the peak-to-peak noise of the detector system is tested to be ~16 mV. The finalized design, components development and testing of the LyBES diagnostic have been completed at present, and an overall performance of the LyBES diagnostic is to be confirmed in the next HL-2A campaign.
Studies of forging on the aluminium-sea sand composites
Authors: Fanai Elvira Wahyu Arum , Akbar Hammar Ilham , Surojo Eko , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Ariawan Dody , Triyono Teguh , Imanullah Fahmi , Majid Faishal Machfudz 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The goal of this research was to determine the impact of cold forging on the mechanical characteristics and microstructure of Al MMCs at various sea sand percentages and forging deformations. The wettability of sea sand was improved by applying an electroless coating just before the stir-casting procedure. Using the stir casting technique, a composite material of Al6061 and sea sand was fabricated at several percentages of sea sand in weight, such as 2, 4, and 6%. In addition, open-die forging in cold settings was studied to learn more about the deformation characteristics of Al6061-sea sand composite. Composites were tested for density, porosity, microstructure, macrostructure, and hardness. The behaviour of microstructures was studied with an optical microscope. Brinell hardness readings taken according to ASTM E-10 were used to characterize the composite. The stir casting method was used to investigate and analyse the samples characteristics. More sea sand particles are distributed throughout the matrix as the composite’s density decreases. Increases in porosity are associated with an increase in reinforcement percentage, as this leads to more matrix-reinforcement surface contact and hence more porosity. The hardness diminishes with an increase in the proportion of sea sand particles. The mechanical qualities of the composite were enhanced by an oxide compound found on the sea sand. Evidence suggests that forging enhances mechanical and microstructure qualities.
Impact of fatigue in surgeons on performance and patient outcome: systematic review
Authors: Reijmerink Iris M , van der Laan Maarten J , Wietasch J K Götz , Hooft Lotty , Cnossen Fokie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
While fatigue is an inevitable aspect of performing surgical procedures, lack of consensus remains on its effect on surgical performance. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of non-muscular fatigue on surgical outcome.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were searched up to 17 January 2023. Studies on students, learning, duty-hour restrictions, muscle fatigue, non-surgical or subjective outcome, the weekend effect, or time of admission were excluded. Studies were categorized based on real-life or simulated surgery. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess RCTs and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess cohort studies. Due to heterogeneity among studies, data pooling was not feasible and study findings were synthesized narratively.

Results
From the 7251 studies identified, 134 studies (including 1 684 073 cases) were selected for analysis (110 real-life studies and 24 simulator studies). Of the simulator studies, 46% (11 studies) reported a deterioration in surgical outcome when fatigue was present, using direct measures of fatigue. In contrast, only 35.5% (39 studies) of real-life studies showed a deterioration, observed in only 12.5% of all outcome measures, specifically involving aggregated surgical outcomes.

Conclusion
Almost half of simulator studies, along with one-third of real-life studies, consistently report negative effects of fatigue, highlighting a significant concern. The discrepancy between simulator/real-life studies may be explained by heightened motivation and effort investment in real-life studies. Currently, published fatigue and outcome measures, especially in real-life studies, are insufficient to fully define the impact of fatigue on surgical outcomes due to the absence of direct fatigue measures and crude, post-hoc outcome measures.
Neural mechanisms of sentence production: a volumetric study of primary progressive aphasia
Authors: Barbieri Elena , Lukic Sladjana , Rogalski Emily , Weintraub Sandra , Mesulam Marek-Marsel , Thompson Cynthia K 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudies on the neural bases of sentence production have yielded mixed results, partly due to differences in tasks and participant types. In this study, 101 individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) were evaluated using a test that required spoken production following an auditory prime (Northwestern Assessment of Verbs and Sentences—Sentence Production Priming Test, NAVS-SPPT), and one that required building a sentence by ordering word cards (Northwestern Anagram Test, NAT).Voxel-Based Morphometry revealed that gray matter (GM) volume in left inferior/middle frontal gyri (L IFG/MFG) was associated with sentence production accuracy on both tasks, more so for complex sentences, whereas, GM volume in left posterior temporal regions was exclusively associated with NAVS-SPPT performance and predicted by performance on a Digit Span Forward (DSF) task. Verb retrieval deficits partly mediated the relationship between L IFG/MFG and performance on the NAVS-SPPT.These findings underscore the importance of L IFG/MFG for sentence production and suggest that this relationship is partly accounted for by verb retrieval deficits, but not phonological loop integrity. In contrast, it is possible that the posterior temporal cortex is associated with auditory short-term memory ability, to the extent that DSF performance is a valid measure of this in aphasia.
Artificial Intelligence-based database for prediction of protein structure and their alterations in ocular diseases
Authors: Cen Ling-Ping , Ng Tsz Kin , Ji Jie , Lin Jian-Wei , Yao Yao , Yang Rucui , Dong Geng , Cao Yingjie , Chen Chongbo , Yao Shi-Qi , Wang Wen-Ying , Huang Zijing , Qiu Kunliang , Pang Chi Pui , Liu Qingping , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The aim of the study is to establish an online database for predicting protein structures altered in ocular diseases by Alphafold2 and RoseTTAFold algorithms. Totally, 726 genes of multiple ocular diseases were collected for protein structure prediction. Both Alphafold2 and RoseTTAFold algorithms were built locally using the open-source codebases. A dataset with 48 protein structures from Protein Data Bank (PDB) was adopted for algorithm set-up validation. A website was built to match ocular genes with the corresponding predicted tertiary protein structures for each amino acid sequence. The predicted local distance difference test-Cα (pLDDT) and template modeling (TM) scores of the validation protein structure and the selected ocular genes were evaluated. Molecular dynamics and molecular docking simulations were performed to demonstrate the applications of the predicted structures. For the validation dataset, 70.8% of the predicted protein structures showed pLDDT greater than 90. Compared to the PDB structures, 100% of the AlphaFold2-predicted structures and 97.9% of the RoseTTAFold-predicted structure showed TM score greater than 0.5. Totally, 1329 amino acid sequences of 430 ocular disease-related genes have been predicted, of which 75.9% showed pLDDT greater than 70 for the wildtype sequences and 76.1% for the variant sequences. Small molecule docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the predicted protein structures with higher confidence scores showed similar molecular characteristics with the structures from PDB. We have developed an ocular protein structure database (EyeProdb) for ocular disease, which is released for the public and will facilitate the biological investigations and structure-based drug development for ocular diseases.
Database URL: http://eyeprodb.jsiec.org
Migrant grandparents in Australia: English learning and well-being
Authors: Chik Alice , Murray Jill 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Migrant families often invite grandparents to move to Australia when babies are born. In order to provide support to their families, many of these grandparents have to retire from their own professional careers and migrate to Australia to start new lives. Some speak English as an additional language, with or without formal education, prior to arriving in Australia. Once in Australia, these senior migrants can only access limited government-funded English learning, and they are frequently left to capitalize on informal learning. This paper discusses a case study of two Chinese-heritage senior migrants and the role English plays in their lives, and grandparenting in Australia. We argue that having the English capability for everyday activity within the family is key to their overall well-being, and that drawing directly on their past experiences and learning strengths can enhance their quality of life.
Range expansion can promote the evolution of plastic generalism in coarse-grained landscapes
Authors: Miller Caitlin M , Draghi Jeremy A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity is one way for organisms to deal with variable environments through generalism. However, plasticity is not found universally and its evolution may be constrained by costs and other limitations such as complexity: the need for multiple mutational steps before the adaptation is realized. Theory predicts that greater experienced heterogeneity, such as organisms may encounter when spatial heterogeneity is fine-grained relative to dispersal, should favor the evolution of a broader niche. Here we tested this prediction via simulation. We found that, contrary to classical predictions, coarse-grained landscapes can be the most favorable for the evolution of plasticity, but only when populations encounter those landscapes through range expansion. During these range expansions, coarse-grained landscapes select for each step in the complex mutational pathway to plastic generalism by blocking the dispersal of specialists. These circumstances provide ecological opportunities for innovative mutations that change the niche. Our results indicate a new mechanism by which range expansion and spatially structured landscapes interact to shape evolution and reveal that the environments in which a complex adaptation has the highest fitness may not be the most favorable for its evolution.
Metagenomic sequencing revealed the regulative effect of Danshen and Honghua herb pair on the gut microbiota in rats with myocardial ischemia injury
Authors: Du Shao-Bing , Zhou Hui-Hui , Xue Zhi-Peng , Gao Su , Li Jing , Meng Yi , Zhao Yi-Jun , Wang Peng-Fei , Li Na , Bai Jia-Xin , Bai Ji-Qing , Wang Xiao-Ping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In recent years, more and more evidence has shown that the disorder of gut microbiota (GM) is closely correlated with myocardial ischemia (MI). Even though the Danshen and Honghua herb pair (DHHP) is widely used in treating cardiovascular disease in China and exhibits obvious clinical efficacy on MI, the anti-MI mechanism of DHHP remains and needs to be explored in depth. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether the amelioration effect and molecular mechanism of DHHP on MI were related to regulating GM through pharmacodynamics evaluation and metagenomic sequencing. Histopathological testing results showed that DHHP treatment could alleviate the pathological changes of myocardial tissue in the acute MI (AMI) rats induced by isoproterenol (ISO), especially structural disorder, irregular distribution, and enlargement of the myocardial space. These pathological changes were all alleviated to some extent by DHHP treatment. Biochemical analysis results suggested that compared with the control group, the serum levels of AST, CTn-I, CK-MB, and TNF-α in model group rats were notably decreased, and the CAT and SOD levels in serum were markedly increased. These abnormal trends were significantly reversed by DHHP treatment. Furthermore, metagenomic sequencing analysis results indicated that DHHP could improve disorders in the composition and function of GM in AMI rats, mainly reflected in increasing diversity and richness, and obviously enhancing the abundance of Bacteroides fluxus, B. uniformis, B. stercoris, Roseburia hominis, Schaedlerella arabinosiphila, and R. intestinalis, and reducing the abundance of Enterococcus avium and E. canintestini, which were associated with purine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, cyanoamino acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. In conclusion, DHHP may attenuate ISO-induced MI by regulating the structure, composition, and function of GM, thus contributing to further our understanding of the anti-MI mechanisms of DHHP and providing new therapeutic ideas and diagnostic targets for the clinical studies of MI.
Risk of Severe COVID-19 and Protective Effectiveness of Vaccination Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Huh Kyungmin , Kang Minsun , Kim Young-Eun , Choi Yoonkyung , An Soo Jeong , Seong Jaehyun , Go Min Jin , Kang Ji-Man , Jung Jaehun 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at higher risk for severe infection. However, the risk for severe COVID-19 and vaccine effectiveness among SOTRs remain unclear.

Methods
This retrospective study used a nationwide health care claims database and COVID-19 registry from the Republic of Korea (2020 to 2022). Adult SOTRs diagnosed with COVID-19 were matched with up to 4 non-SOTR COVID-19 patients by propensity score. Severe COVID-19 was defined as treatment with high-flow nasal cannulae, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Results
Among 6783 SOTRs with COVID-19, severe COVID-19 was reported with the highest rate in lung transplant recipients (13.16%), followed by the heart (6.30%), kidney (3.90%), and liver (2.40%). SOTRs had a higher risk of severe COVID-19 compared to non-SOTRs, and lung transplant recipients showed the highest risk (adjusted odds ratio, 18.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.53–38.58). Vaccine effectiveness against severe disease among SOTRs was 47% (95% CI, 18%–65%), 64% (95% CI, 49%–75%), and 64% (95% CI, 29%–81%) for 2, 3, and 4 doses, respectively.

Conclusions
SOTRs are at significantly higher risk for severe COVID-19 compared to non-SOTRs. Vaccination is effective in preventing the progression to severe COVID-19. Efforts should be made to improve vaccine uptake among SOTRs, while additional protective measures should be developed.
Assessing Per-Sex-Act HIV-1 Risk Reduction Among Women Using the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring
Authors: Stalter Randy M , Dong Tracy Q , Hendrix Craig W , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , van der Straten Ariane , Hillier Sharon L , Kiweewa Flavia M , Mgodi Nyaradzo M , Marzinke Mark A , Bekker Linda-Gail , Soto-Torres Lydia , Baeten Jared M , Brown Elizabeth R ,   for the MTN-020/ASPIRE Study Team, Baeten Jared , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Brown Elizabeth , Soto-Torres Lydia , Schwartz Katie , Makanani Bonus , Martinson Francis , Bekker Linda-Gail , Govender Vaneshree , Siva Samantha , Gaffoor Zakir , Naidoo Logashvari , Pather Arendevi , Jeenarain Nitesha , Nair Gonasagrie , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Kiweewa Flavia Matovu , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Mhlanga Felix 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Confounding introduced by individuals’ sexual risk behavior is potentially a significant source of bias in HIV-1 prevention intervention studies. To more completely account for sexual behaviors when assessing the efficacy of the monthly dapivirine ring, a new longer-acting HIV-1 prevention option for women, we estimated per-sex-act risk reduction associated with product use.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of data from MTN-020/ASPIRE, a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of the dapivirine ring that recruited HIV-uninfected, African women aged 18–45 years. With cumulative sex acts as the time scale, we used multivariable Cox regression with inverse probability of censoring weights to estimate HIV-1 risk reduction associated with a rate of dapivirine release indicative of consistent product use.

Results
Women in the dapivirine ring group (n = 1187) had an estimated incidence rate of 2.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–3.1) HIV-1 acquisition events per 10 000 sex acts versus 3.6 (95% CI, 2.9–4.4) per 10 000 acts in the placebo group (n = 1187). Dapivirine release indicative of consistent ring use was associated with a 63% (95% CI, 33%–80%) per-sex-act HIV-1 risk reduction.

Conclusions
These results support the efficacy of the dapivirine vaginal ring for HIV-1 prevention and help to inform decision-making for women, providers, and policymakers regarding product use.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01617096.
Digital Distraction, Non-Digital Distraction and Psychological Bearing of Remote Workers
Authors: Nakayama Makoto , Chen Charlie C 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Working from home has become prevalent during and after the pandemic lockdown due to the benefits of saving commuting time and working with a flexible schedule. On the other hand, remote workers face the challenge of being digitally distracted as they rely on digital devices to do work. Extant studies mainly focus on classrooms and digital device availability as the chief cause of digital distraction. Yet, some studies suggest that distraction also comes from our own minds. This study looks into remote workers' psychological factors and hypothesizes that the degree of digital distraction is affected by internal (psychological bearing) and external (work urgency) factors. In addition, it posits that digital distraction is closely associated with non-digital distraction. Our results confirm that remote workers' mental factors play significant roles, and those workers are distracted both digitally and non-digitally. A key implication is that we should not single out digital devices as a cause for distraction. We should pay more attention to the mental status of remote workers and their non-digital distractions besides viewing digital devices as conduits for distraction.