bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging including magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for tumor localization and therapy planning in malignant hilar obstructions
Authors: Hänninen E. L. , Pech M. , Jonas S. , Ricke J. , Thelen A. , Langrehr J. , Hintze R. , Röttgen R. , Denecke T. , Winter L. , Neuhaus P. , Felix R. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: To assess image quality and overall accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including two magnetic cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) techniques, for the diagnostics and preoperative work-up of malignant hilar obstructions. Material and Methods: Thirty-one patients with malignant hilar obstructions (hilar cholangiocarcinoma, n = 30; hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 1) received MRCP by two techniques (single-shot thick-slab and multisection thin-slice MRCP) and unenhanced and contrast material-enhanced MRI. MR assessment included the evaluation of image quality and visualization of bile ducts (5-point scale), and the classification of tumor status. MR results were subsequently correlated with the results from surgery and pathology. Results: The maximum intensity projections of multisection thin-slice MRCP had significantly more artifacts compared to MRCP in the single-shot thick-slab technique, and overall image quality of single-shot thick-slab MRCP was rated significantly superior compared to multisection thin-slice MRCP (4.4±0.7 and 4.1±0.9, respectively). Moreover, ductal visualization of different parts of the biliary system was rated superior with single-shot thick-slab MRCP. In contrast, the original data from multisection thin slice MRCP facilitated visualization of periductal lesions and adjacent structures. Overall MR accuracy for the assessment of tumor status, periductal infiltration, and lymph node metastases was 90%, 87%, and 66%, respectively. Conclusion: For evaluation of malignant hilar obstructions, MRCP by the single-shot thick-slab technique had superior image quality and fewer artifacts; in contrast, besides sole biliary visualization, multisection MRCP depicted complementary adjacent parenchymal and periductal structures. We therefore recommend MRI, with a combination of both MRCP techniques, for the diagnostic work-up and therapy planning of malignant hilar obstructions.
Is Perioperative Hypothermia a Risk Factor for Post‐CesareanInfection?
Authors: Edwards Rodney K. , Madani Kaivou , Duff Patrick 
Published: September 2005

Objective: To determine whether hypothermia during Cesarean delivery is a risk factor for postoperative
infection.Methods: An historical cohort investigation was conducted on all women delivered by Cesarean at our center
during 2001. Initial recovery‐room temperature, taken via the oral or axillary route, was used as a surrogate
for intraoperative temperature. Adding 0.5 °Cto axillary temperatures generated oral temperature equivalents.
Women with chorioamnionitis were excluded, as were those with an initial recovery‐room temperature that
exceeded 37.9 °C or was recorded more than 20 minutes after the end of surgery. Prophylactic antibiotics
(cefazolin, 1 g) were given during Cesarean delivery.Results: A total of 42 women (7.6%) were diagnosed with postoperative infections. Infections included
endometritis (n= 25), wound abscess (n = 7), wound cellulitis (n = 7) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (n = 4).
No cases of septic pelvic thrombophlebitis or pelvic abscess occurred. One woman had both endometritis and a
UTI. Mean temperatures were higher, rather than lower, for women who subsequently had postoperative
infections compared with those who did not (36.4 ± 0.8 °Cvs. 35.9 ± 0.7 °C; p < 0.001). Mean temperatures
for the various postoperative infections were as follows: endometritis, 36.5 ± 0.8 °C (p < 0.001 vs. uninfected
group); wound abscess 36.0 ± 0.8 °C (p = 0.63); wound cellulitis, 36.3 ± 0.6 °C (p = 0.14); UTI, 36.7 ± 0.9 °C
(p = 0.04).Conclusions: Women who develop post‐Cesarean infections have higher initial recovery‐room temperatures
than those who do not develop such infections. This suggests the presence of subclinical infection at the time
of Cesarean. Evaluating whether intraoperative warming has any role during Cesarean delivery requires a
randomized clinical trial.
Inhibition of Vaginal Lactobacilli by a Bacteriocin‐Like InhibitorProduced by Enterococcus faecium 62‐6: Potential Significancefor Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Kelly Maureen C. , Mequio Michael J. , Pybus Vivien 
Published: September 2005

Objective: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by a shift in vaginal tract ecology, which includes a decrease
in the concentration and/or prevalence of facultative lactobacilli. Currently, mechanisms which could account
for the disappearance of lactobacilli are not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether
vaginal streptococci/enterococci can produce bacteriocin‐like inhibitors antagonistic to vaginal lactobacilli.Methods: Seventy strains of vaginal streptococci or enterococci were tested for antagonistic activities against
vaginal lactobacilli using the deferred antagonism technique.Results: One strain, Enterococcus faecium 62‐6, which strongly inhibited growth of lactobacilli was selected for
further characterization. The spectrum of inhibitory activity of strain 62‐6 included Gram‐positive organisms
from the vaginal environment, although native lactobacilli from the same host were resistant to inhibitor action.
Following growth inMRSbroth the strain 62‐6 inhibitor was shown to be heat‐ (100℃, 30 minutes), cold‐ (4℃, less
than 114 days) and pH‐ (4–7) stable. The sensitivity of inhibitor‐containing supernatants to pepsin and
α‐chymotrypsin suggested an essential proteinaceous component. The inhibitor was sensitive to lipase but resistant
to lysozyme. Dialysis of inhibitor‐containing culture supernatants suggested a molecular mass greater than
12 000 Da. All physicochemical properties were consistent with its classification as a bacteriocin‐like inhibitor.
Kinetic assays demonstrated a sharp onset of inhibitor production coinciding with a concentration of 62‐6 of
107 cfu/ml, suggesting that production may be regulated by quorum sensing.Conclusions: These results may have clinical significance as a novel mechanism to account for the decline of vaginal
Lactobacillus populations and contribute to both the establishment and recurrence of BV.
Detection of Candida Species in Vaginal Samples in a Clinical Laboratory Setting
Authors: Trama Jason P. , Adelson Martin E. , Raphaelli Israel , Stemmer Shlomo M. , Mordechai Eli 
Published: September 2005

Objective. To present the detection rates of Candida species in vaginal samples from patients visiting physicians.Methods. The presence of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis in 3978 vaginal swabs from patients in six US states was detected by PCR amplification.Results. Candida DNA was detected in 33.1% of the population studied. Of the 1316 positive samples, 80.2% contained C. albicans, 14.3% contained C. glabrata, 5.9% contained C. parapsilosis and 8.0% contained C. tropicalis. Comparing samples by patients′ state of residence revealed an association with the detection of C. glabrata (p =0.029). Comparing samples by
patients′ age revealed a decrease in the overall detection of Candida (p < 0.001) and C. albicans (p < 0.001), concomitant with an increase in the detection of C. glabrata (p < 0.001) and C. parapsilosis (p = 0.025).Conclusions. These results provide geographic‐ and age‐specific data on four Candida species associated with vaginitis.
Epidemiological Study in Okinawa, Japan, of Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Maehama Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2005

Objective. To investigate the prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with normal cervical cytology and with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia I to III(CIN) or carcinoma of the cervix in Okinawa, Japan.Methods. We investigated HPV DNA in 4,078 subjects with cytologically normal cervices, 279 subjects with CIN, and 383 subjects with cervical cancer in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. The presence of HPV DNA was also compared among
generations. HPV DNA was both detected and typed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results. The HPV positivity rate was 10.6% in the subjects who were normal on cervical cytodiagnosis. In each generation, the positivity rate was 20.4% in women aged 20–29 years and approximately 10% in the groups aged 30–89 years, with significant differences among generations. The HPV positivity rates in CIN and cervical cancer groups were 76.0% and 86.2%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups. The positivity rate of HPV 16 decreased with age in both CIN and cervical cancer groups.Conclusion. Among non‐cancer subjects, HPV infection rates were almost 20% in women aged 20–29 years and 10% in women aged 30–89 years. HPV16‐positive CIN or carcinoma were more prevalent in the younger women, suggesting that HPV16‐infected epithelial cells rapidly progress to cervical cancer.
Seroprevalence of Bordetella pertussis Antibodies in Mothers and their Newborn Infants
Authors: Gonik Bernard , Puder Karoline S. , Gonik Nathan , Kruger Michael 
Published: September 2005

Background. Pertussis is a highly communicable, vaccine‐preventable respiratory disease. Although the largest number of reported cases is among young infants, the most rapidly increasing incidence in the USA is in adolescents and young adults. Importantly, adult family members are the likely major reservoir, infecting susceptible infants before completion of childhood vaccination. We studied maternal‐neonatal paired blood samples for the presence of pertussis‐related antibodies
to assess level of immunity and passive transplacental antibody passage.Methods. Unselected maternal‐neonatal cord blood samples were collected from 101 term deliveries in a single urban uninsured/underinsured hospital setting. Sera were analyzed for anti‐pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
and pertactin (PRN) IgG antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody titers were calculated using reference line methodology. Antibody values were log‐transformed to establish geometric mean titers (GMT) for analysis. Student′s t‐test, Mann–Whitney, Pearson correlation and chi square were used for statistical comparisons as appropriate.Results. Mean (SD) maternal age, gestational age and birth weight were 26.8 (6.8) years, 38.9 (1.4) weeks and 3239 (501) g, respectively. Detectable maternal levels of anti‐PT, FHA and PRN were found in 34.7%, 95.0% and 80.2%, respectively. Maternal GMT (SD) for PT, FHA and PRN were 4.4 (2.6), 26.6 (3.1) and 12.3 (2.9), respectively. There was no significant relationship between PT, FHA or PRN detection or antibody GMT and maternal age. Maternal anti‐PT, FHA and PRN
were highly correlated with neonatal cord blood values.Conclusion. Despite previous childhood immunization, a large number of parous women have low or undetectable pertussis‐related antibody levels, suggesting susceptibility to infection. Even with efficient transplacental passage of these
antibodies, neonates similarly have limited measurable protection as detected by cord blood sampling. These data support the need for adolescent or adult vaccination against Bordetella pertussis. Healthcare providers and their clients should be aware
of the risk for infant infection via family member transmission.
Effects of ETA Receptor Antagonism on Proinflammatory Gene Expression and Microcirculation Following Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion
Authors: UHLMANN DIRK , GÄBEL GABOR , LUDWIG STEFAN , ARMANN BARBARA , HESS JOCHEN , PIETSCH UTA‐CAROLIN , TANNAPFEL ANDREA , FIEDLER MARTIN , KRATZSCH JUERGEN , HASS JOHANN , WITZIGMANN HELMUT 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTBackground: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a specific endothelinA receptor antagonist (ETA‐RA) on mRNA expression of genes encoding vasoactive mediators and proinflammatory cytokines and on the microhemodynamics (assessed by measurement of laser Doppler flow and tissue blood gases) following complete vascular exclusion of the porcine liver.Study design: Sixteen adult German landrace pigs were subjected to 120 min of warm hepatic ischemia by total vascular exclusion. To avoid portal congestion, a passive porto‐femoro/jugular bypass was implanted. The animals were divided into 2 groups: the control group received saline solution and the therapy group was given the selective ETA‐RA BSF 208075. Hepatic microcirculation was evaluated by pO2 and pCO2 measurement with the Paratrend sensor and by laser Doppler flow measurement. Liver tissue samples were collected 1 h after reperfusion and quantitative mRNA expression for prepro‐ET‐1, pro‐IL‐1β, pro‐IL‐6, pro‐TNF‐α, eNOS was analyzed using the TaqMan system. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis using a semiquantitative score for ET‐1 was performed. Postischemic liver damage was monitored by measurement of liver enzymes and assessed by histological analysis using a semiquantitative scoring classification.Results: Partial oxygen pressure in the hepatic tissue and laser Doppler flow were significantly improved in the therapy group. One hour after reperfusion, quantitative RT‐PCR revealed significantly lower expression of prepro‐ET‐1, eNOS, pro‐TNF‐α, and pro‐IL‐6 in the therapy group compared to controls. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated significantly reduced ET‐1 immunostaining after therapy. Furthermore, blockade of ETA receptors prevents tissue damage.Conclusions: Treatment with the selective ETA‐RA BSF 208075 has protective effects on microcirculation after 120 min liver ischemia and reperfusion. The authors were able to show that ETA‐RA not only affects the expression of vasoactive genes, but also decreases gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐6.
Lipopolysaccharide: A p38 MAPK‐Dependent Disrupter of Neutrophil Chemotaxis
Authors: KHAN ADIL I. , HEIT BRYAN , ANDONEGUI GRACIELA , COLARUSSO PINA , KUBES PAUL 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTIn sepsis, and in models of sepsis including endotoxemia, impaired neutrophil recruitment and chemotaxis have been reported. The inability of the endotoxemic neutrophil to chemotax could be attributed to the fact that intracellular signaling via LPS overrides signals from endogenous chemokines or, alternatively, that sequestration of neutrophils into lungs prevents access to peripheral tissues. Using both in vitro and in vivo chemotaxis assays the authors established that neutrophils from healthy mice chemotaxed in vivo toward MIP‐2, whereas endotoxemic neutrophils did not. Since LPS activates leukocytes via the p38 MAPK pathway, SKF86002, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, was given to endotoxemic animals. SKF86002 significantly reversed the LPS‐induced impairment in emigration of endotoxic neutrophils in response to MIP‐2. Neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was also impaired by LPS, via a p38 MAPK‐dependent pathway, and this impairment could be reversed via p38 MAPK inhibition. Although neutrophil numbers dropped in the circulation and trapped in lungs during endotoxemia, SKF86002 did not reverse these parameters, demonstrating that p38 MAPK inhibition did not release trapped neutrophils from the lungs. In conclusion, the data suggest that the impaired emigration and chemotaxis of neutrophils at peripheral sites during endotoxemia may be partially due to a p38 MAPK‐mediated inhibition of neutrophil responses to endogenous chemokines.
LPS Inhibits Endothelin‐1‐Mediated eNOS Translocation to the Cell Membrane in Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells
Authors: MERKEL SANDRA M. , KAMOUN WALID , KARAA AMEL , KORNESZCZUK KATARZYNA , SCHRUM LAURA W. , CLEMENS MARK G. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTObjective: The objectives of this study were to develop a model for studying endothelin‐1‐mediated eNOS regulation in cultured sinusoidal endothelial cells and determine the effect of endothelin‐1 and endotoxin (LPS) on eNOS localization.Methods: Changes in caveolin‐1, calmodulin, and eNOS expression were determined by western blot and densitometric analysis. Endothelin receptor expression and localization and the intracellular localization of eNOS and caveolin‐1 were assessed by confocal microscopy.Results: Sinusoidal endothelial cells expressed caveolin‐1 and calmodulin, and expression was altered in cultured and passaged cells. eNOS expression decreased significantly in 24‐h cultured cells, with expression dropping below the level of detection in passaged cells. Both endothelin A and endothelin B receptors were expressed on the cell surface after 24 h in culture. In 24‐h cultured cells, caveolin‐1 was localized in the perinuclear region and cell membrane, while eNOS was predominantly localized in the perinuclear region, where it co‐localized with caveolin‐1. Endothelin‐1 stimulated eNOS translocation to the cell membrane. Pretreatment with LPS markedly inhibited the endothelin‐1‐mediated eNOS translocation.Conclusions: These studies demonstrate an LPS‐mediated uncoupling of endothelin receptor activation and eNOS translocation. This functional uncoupling may, in part, account for the hyperconstrictive effects of endothelin‐1 during inflammatory conditions.
Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma in Association With Niemann‐Pick Disease
Authors: Srikanth K. N. , Kulkarni A. , Davies A. M. , Sumathi V. P. , Grimer R. J. 
Published: September 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this case report is to bring to light this unusual combination of two rare diseases, namely
Neimann‐Pick disease Type B and clear cell chondrosarcoma occurring in the same patient. This has not previously been
reported in the world literature.Subject: Niemann‐Pick disease (NPD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism. Type B NPD is even rarer.
It is a lysosomal storage disorder affecting children and adolescents often causing death in early childhood, although in
milder form patients may survive up to adulthood, like our patient. Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a very rare type of
chondrosarcoma affecting the epiphyseo‐metaphyseal region of long bones. We present a patient suffering from a milder
form of Neimann Pick disease who developed a clear cell chondrosarcoma. We investigated to find if there was likely to be
any relationship between these two events.Results: NPD type B is caused by a three‐base deletion in chromosome 11. Chondrosarcoma and multiple exostoses occur
due to loss of tumour suppressor gene EXT 2 from centromeric region on chromosome 11, though it is difficult to establish
the link between the two, as the two together have not yet been reported in the literature. NPD may present diagnostic
difficulties when it occurs with chondrosarcoma.Discussion: We conclude that the two diseases have not been reported together in the world literature and there is some
evidence to show that chromosome 11 is central to both diseases. More research is needed to see if one leads to the other.
How effective is therapy for childhood stuttering? Dissecting and reinterpreting the evidence in light of spontaneous recovery rates
Authors: Saltuklaroglu Tim , Kalinowski Joseph 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: Similar positive results (e.g. immediate decreases in stuttering frequency and a 60–80% recovery rate from stuttering) have been reported for numerous therapeutic protocols for treating childhood stuttering, many of which have been diametrically opposite in their orientations and implementations. For example, Johnson advocated indirect treatments that simply advocated refraining from drawing any negative attention to childhood disfluencies as persistent and chronic stuttering was thought to progress via negative parental reactions to normal disfluencies. In contrast, direct interventionists sought immediately to eliminate stuttered speech patterns by training ‘corrected’ speech models that usually involved some form of prolonged speech. However, reports from speech and language therapists around North Carolina, USA, suggest much lower recovery rates in the children they treat (i.e. 13.9% over a median therapeutic period of 3 years, which to the present authors is an indicator of therapeutic inefficiency and ineffectiveness).Aims: The discrepancy between these recovery rates calls for a re‐examination of the efficacy of stuttering therapy for children, especially in light of recent statements from some therapies suggesting that therapy might be curative in nature.Main contribution: Spontaneous and complete recovery (removing all overt and covert markers of the pathology) occurs in 60–80% of all children who display incipient stuttering behaviours. As such, it appears that many claims of therapeutic success in children who stutter are confounded by the possibility of spontaneous recovery during the testing and intervention period. Simply put, it is impossible to discriminate between recovery that would occur naturally over time, and what may have been simply accelerated via therapy. Based on stable prevalence rates and the data in the present paper, it is suggested that therapy does little to boost recovery rates from incipient stuttering. Therapy can provide ‘inhibitory’ symptomatic relief with varying degrees of success with respect to decreasing stuttering severity and the need for continued therapy. However, it must be made clear that curing stuttering is not a likely outcome of therapy, although successful management can decrease the severity of the problem. It is argued that all forms of stuttering inhibition, including those at work during spontaneous recovery, are all mediated by the degree of mirror neuron engagement in the brain.Conclusions: It is proposed that in children who stutter, the best source of relief from stuttering is in the effective and efficient engagement of mirror neurons via methods that best replicate choral speech. In order to induce natural sounding, fluent speech, it is suggested that one uses primarily derivations of choral speech such as altered auditory feedback. Motoric techniques might also be used synergistically to provide supplementary sources of mirror neuron engagement.
The inner critic on the move: Analysis of the change process in a case of short‐term client‐centred/experiential therapy
Authors: Stinckens Nele , Lietaer Germain , Leijssen Mia 
Published: September 2005

The term ‘inner critic’ describes the strong inner normative voice with which some people block themselves. In client‐centred/experiential psychotherapy this voice is considered as a process disturbance that interferes with the organismic experiencing of the client. Although various attempts have been made to characterise the way the inner critic appears in therapy, these are mostly based on clinical impressions rather than systematic research. This paper introduces a new model of the phenomenon of the ‘inner critic’ in psychotherapy, structured around five main process clusters:

1.A past history of rejection, restriction and neglect
2.Negative self-schemes
3.Information processing deficits
4.Self-protective behaviours
5.Interpersonal problems.The operation of these factors is illustrated through analysis of a single case which draws on a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore aspects of the inner critic within a good outcome case of client‐centred/experiential psychotherapy. The aim of this analysis is to chart the various manifestations of the inner critic and to examine how they gradually evolve during the course of therapy. In a first stage we give a narrative account of each session, including some excerpts from the transcript, along with an analysis of the key themes within each session. The second stage of the analysis offers a summary of the quantitative data that we collected, analysed in terms of longitudinal trends across the case as a whole. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our study, explore the implications for practice and make some suggestions for future research.