bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome dynamics and associations with mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Salameh Tarik J. , Roth Katharine , Schultz Lisa , Ma Zhexi , Bonavia Anthony S. , Broach James R. , Hu Bin , Howrylak Judie A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Critical illness and care within the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to profound changes in the composition of the gut microbiome. The impact of such changes on the patients and their subsequent disease course remains uncertain. We hypothesized that specific changes in the gut microbiome would be more harmful than others, leading to increased mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods
This was a prospective cohort study of critically ill adults in the ICU. We obtained rectal swabs from 52 patients and assessed the composition the gut microbiome using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. We followed patients throughout their ICU course and evaluated their mortality rate at 28 days following admission to the ICU. We used selbal, a machine learning method, to identify the balance of microbial taxa most closely associated with 28-day mortality.

Results
We found that a proportional ratio of four taxa could be used to distinguish patients with a higher risk of mortality from patients with a lower risk of mortality (p = .02). We named this binarized ratio our microbiome mortality index (MMI). Patients with a high MMI had a higher 28-day mortality compared to those with a low MMI (hazard ratio, 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1–4.3), and remained significant after adjustment for other ICU mortality predictors, including the presence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score (hazard ratio, 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4–4.7). High mortality was driven by taxa from the Anaerococcus (genus) and Enterobacteriaceae (family), while lower mortality was driven by Parasutterella and Campylobacter (genera).

Conclusions
Dysbiosis in the gut of critically ill patients is an independent risk factor for increased mortality at 28 days after adjustment for clinically significant confounders. Gut dysbiosis may represent a potential therapeutic target for future ICU interventions.
The effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers: a systemic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhihao , Yang Shulin , Li Chunyang , Xie Xingchao , Wang Yongming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
To systematically review the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the effects of intermittent hypoxic training on the aerobic capacity of exercisers from January 1, 2000, to January 12, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using Stata SE 16.0 software.

Results
A total of 19 articles from 27 studies were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, the intermittent hypoxic training group had significantly increased maximal oxygen uptake [weighted mean difference = 3.20 (95%CI: 1.33 ~ 5.08)] and hemoglobin [weighted mean difference = 0.25 (95%CI: 0.04 ~ 0.45)].

Conclusion
Intermittent hypoxic training can significantly improve the aerobic capacity of exercisers. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Huan , Axinbai Malina , Zhao Yuqing , Wei Jiaoyang , Qu Tongshuo , Kong Jingmin , He Yongqiang , Zhang Liping 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
The morbidity and mortality rates of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been steadily increasing in recent years. Previous studies have confirmed the important role of ferroptosis in NAFLD development; however, the precise mechanism through which ferroptosis influences NAFLD occurrence remains unclear. The present study aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related genes involved in NAFLD pathogenesis and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAFLD.

Methods
We downloaded microarray datasets GSE72756 and GSE24807 to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples from healthy individuals and patients with NAFLD. From these DEGs, we extracted ferroptosis-related DEGs. GSE89632, another microarray dataset, was used to validate the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of ferroptosis-related genes was then constructed. The target genes were also subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Finally, competing endogenous RNA networks were constructed. We used the CIBERSORT package to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells infiltration in NAFLD.

Results
Five ferroptosis-related genes (SCP2, MUC1, DPP4, SLC1A4, and TF) were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. Enrichment analyses revealed that these genes are mainly involved in metabolic processes. NEAT1-miR-1224-5p-SCP2, NEAT1-miR-485-5p-MUC1, MALAT1-miR-485-5p-MUC1, and CNOT6-miR-145-5p-SLC1A4 are likely to be the potential RNA regulatory pathways that affect NAFLD development. Principal component analysis indicated significant differences in immune cell infiltration between the two groups.

Conclusions
This study identified five ferroptosis-related genes as potential biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD. The correlations between the expression of ferroptosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration might shed light on the study of the molecular mechanism underlying NAFLD development.
The effect of frontal trauma on the edentulous mandible with four different interforaminal implant-prosthodontic anchoring configurations. A 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Krennmair Stefan , Malek Michael , Stehrer Raphael , Stähler Philip , Otto Sven , Postl Lukas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The present three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was aimed to assess the biomechanical effects and fracture risks of four different interforaminal implant-prosthodontic anchoring configurations exposed to frontal trauma.

Material and methods
A symphyseal frontal trauma of 1 MPa was applied to four dental implant models with different configurations (two unsplinted interforaminal implants [2IF-U], two splinted interforaminal implants [2IF-S], four unsplinted interforaminal implants[ 4IF-U], four splinted interforaminal implants [4IF-S]. By using a 3D-FEA analysis the effective cortical bone stress values were evaluated in four defined regions of interest (ROI) (ROI 1: symphyseal area; ROI 2: preforaminal area; ROI 3: mental foraminal area; and ROI 4: condylar neck) followed by a subsequent intermodel comparison.

Results
In all models the frontal traumatic force application revealed the highest stress values in the condylar neck region. In both models with a four-implant configuration (4IF-U, 4IF-S), the stress values in the median mandibular body (ROI 1) and in the condylar neck region (ROI 4) were significantly reduced (P <0.01) compared with the two-implant models (2IF-U, 2IF-S). However, in ROI 1, the model with four splinted implants (4IF-S) showed significantly (P < 0.01) reduced stress values compared to the unsplinted model (4IF-U). In addition, all models showed increased stress patterns in the area adjacent to the posterior implants, which is represented by increased stress values for both 2IF-U and 2IF-S in the preforaminal area (ROI 3) and for the four implant-based models (4IF-U, 4IF-S) in the mental foraminal area.

Conclusion
The configuration of four splinted interforaminal implants showed the most beneficial distribution of stress pattern representing reduced stress distribution and associated reduced fracture risk in anterior symphysis, condylar neck and preforaminal region.
Measurement of ambient particulate matter (PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10) in Khulna City of Bangladesh and their implications for human health
Authors: Saju Jobaer Ahmed , Bari Quazi Hamidul , Mohiuddin Kazi A. B. M. , Strezov Vladimir 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtmospheric particles have been significantly affecting urban air quality and urban-oriented living in an increasing share of the population in Bangladesh. This study assessed the concentration of PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 in Khulna, one of the largest cities in Bangladesh located near the Bay of Bengal. The maximum average concentrations were recorded 415 ± 184.01 µg/m3 for PM10, 302 ± 109.89 µg/m3 for PM2.5, and 143 ± 45.05 µg/m3 for PM1.0. These values are several times higher than the World Health Organization air quality standard and Bangladesh National Ambient Air Quality Standard. According to the size and fractional distribution of PM, most of the monitoring locations were dominated by fine particles. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to exposure to ambient PM1.0, PM2.5 and PM10 were also quantified to illustrate the relevant potential human health risks. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) values of PM1.0 ranged from 8.6E0–4 to 6.0E–07 and PM2.5 varied between 8.6E–04 and 6.0E–07 exceeded the allowable limit at every location indicating the potential cancer-developing risk to the urban population. The health quotient (HQ) values also crossed the least permissible value at most of the locations depicting strong non-carcinogenic risks. Average HQ values of PM2.5 varied from 1.07 to 20.13 while PM10 ranged from 0.44 to 8.3. This research revealed children and elderly people as the most vulnerable age groups with the highest carcinogenic risks through exposure to atmospheric PM in Khulna city. Therefore, air pollution reduction plans and risk mitigation strategies should be developed and implemented by the government authorities.
Graphical Abstract
Motives for using social networking sites: a uses & gratifications perspective amongst people with eating disorder symptoms
Authors: Dingemans Alexandra E. , Veldhuis Jolanda , Lähde Irene 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudies investigating motives for social networking sites (SNS) use amongst people with eating disorder (ED) symptoms are scarce. The uses and gratifications theory states that people actively select media content to gratify their individual needs and this may help to explain why individuals with eating disorder symptoms choose to expose themselves to specific media content and how they choose to respond. Some evidence exists that readiness to change may be a factor related to SNS use patterns in this population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential relationship between readiness to change ED cognitions/behaviors and SNS use motives in individuals with current or past ED symptoms, employing a uses and gratifications theory perspective. Participants were recruited from ED recovery websites; 103 individuals (16–55 years old) provided complete data. As hypothesized, ED symptom severity was inversely associated with readiness to change and time spent on (specific) SNS was not associated with ED symptom severity. The results of hierarchical regression analyses further suggested that if individuals felt less capable of overcoming their dysfunctional cognitions/behaviors about their body/eating (i.e., were less ready to change), they were more likely to be motivated to use SNSs for the purpose of impressing others and reputation management. The clinical implication is that high amounts of SNS use may not necessarily be harmful for people with EDs or recovering from EDs, whereas using SNSs for the purposes of impression management could potentially be related to being less ready to recover.
How does COVID-19-related social media usage influence disordered eating? A daily diary study among Chinese adults during lockdown
Authors: Tie Bijie , Zhu Chengquan , He Jinbo , Qiu Jiang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite previous studies highlighting the benefits of social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly under lockdown, limited research has identified the potential detrimental consequences of social media use during lockdown. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of social media on mental health in particular situations and the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Methods
A daily diary protocol was adopted. A total of 96 adults (Mage = 25.90 ± 8.32 years) were recruited from Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. COVID-19-related social media use, psychological distress, COVID-19-related stress and anxiety, and disordered eating were measured each day for a week. Multilevel path analyses for the nested data were conducted.

Results
Daily COVID-19-related social media use was positively related to daily disordered eating (r = .13 p < .001). Furthermore, the multilevel path analysis showed that psychological distress and COVID-19-related stress and anxiety mediated the relationship between COVID-19-related social media use and disordered eating at the within-person level. However, only COVID-19-related-anxiety mediated the relationship at the between-person level.

Conclusions
Our findings contribute to the understanding of social media’s impact during lockdown and provide implications for social media users, social media platform providers, mental health professionals, and governments regarding the correct and sustainable use of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic and in future public health emergencies.
Effects of object working memory load on visual search in basketball players: an eye movement study
Authors: Nian Qing , Lu Wenping , Xu Ying 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Working memory may affect the athletes’ visual search ability. Objective: This study aimed to examine the differences in the performance of visual search tasks among basketball players of varying sport levels, considering the influence of different object working memory loads. Method: This study recruited forty-two participants who were divided into three groups based on the classification of elite athletes: competitive elite, semi-elite, and novice. Results: Objective working memory load significantly impacts the accuracy of visual search, reaction time, and gaze fixation in basketball players. In the visual search task of the basketball sports scene, the inclusion of object working memory load led to a significant decrease in the accuracy of visual search, a significant increase in reaction time, a significant increase in the number of fixation points, and a more complex gaze trajectory. In a visual search task with object working memory load, the difference in reaction time between basketball players of different sport levels was observed during the search initiation time and scanning time, with higher sport levels associated with shorter reaction times. The effect of object working memory load on the eye movement phase of visual search varied among basketball players of different sport levels. For the novice group, the effect was on the reaction time during the verification phase, while for the semi-elite and competitive elite groups, the effect was on the reaction time during the scanning phase. Conclusion: The effect of object working memory load on visual search varied among basketball players of different sport levels.
From Thrift to Improvement
Authors: Sørensen Esben Bøgh 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article studies how agrarian management was reimagined in the context of emerging agrarian capitalism between the sixteenth and mid-seventeenth centuries in England by examining the development of discourses of thrift, industriousness, and improvement among agricultural writers. It demonstrates that agricultural writers' approach to farm, land, and labor management moved from a localized context of thrifty householding in the sixteenth century to a national context of industriousness and improvement by the mid-seventeenth century. This change in discourse, as this article will show, was an attempt to provide management advice and establish managerial power over the agricultural labor process within an increasingly connected, competitive, and impersonal agrarian economy.
Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications
Authors: Chan Timothy C. Y. , Mahmood Rafid , Zhu Ian Yihang 
Published: December 2023

A Review of Inverse OptimizationIn recent years, there has been an explosion of interest in the mathematics and applications of inverse optimization. Unlike traditional optimization, which seeks to compute optimal decisions given an objective and constraints, inverse optimization takes decisions as input and determines an objective and/or constraints that render these decisions approximately or exactly optimal. In “Inverse Optimization: Theory and Applications,” Chan, Rafid, and Zhu provide a comprehensive review of both the methodological and application-oriented literature. Specifically, the authors consolidate various model properties, reformulation techniques, and computational methods of different classes of inverse optimization problems. The authors also review a wide range of application areas that include, but are not limited to, transportation, logistics, healthcare, and energy systems. The paper concludes with several major directions for future research.
UK pregnancy in orthopaedics (UK-POP): a cross-sectional study of UK female trauma and orthopaedic surgeons and their experiences of pregnancy
Authors: Kontoghiorghe Christina , Morgan Catrin , Eastwood Deborah , McNally Scarlett 
Published: December 2023

AimsThe number of females within the speciality of trauma and orthopaedics (T&O) is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify: 1) current attitudes and behaviours of UK female T&O surgeons towards pregnancy; 2) any barriers faced towards pregnancy with a career in T&O surgery; and 3) areas for improvement.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using an anonymous 13-section web-based survey distributed to female-identifying T&O trainees, speciality and associate specialist surgeons (SASs) and locally employed doctors (LEDs), fellows, and consultants in the UK. Demographic data was collected as well as closed and open questions with adaptive answering relating to attitudes towards childbearing and experiences of fertility and complications associated with pregnancy. A descriptive data analysis was carried out.ResultsA total of 226 UK female T&O surgeons completed the survey. All regions of the UK were represented. Overall, 99/226 (44%) of respondents had at least one child, while 21/226 (9.3%) did not want children. Median age at first child was 33 years (interquartile range 32 to 36). Two-thirds (149/226; 66%) of respondents delayed childbearing due to a career in T&O and 140/226 (69%) of respondents had experienced bias from colleagues directed at female T&O surgeons having children during training. Nearly 24/121 (20%) of respondents required fertility assistance, 35/121 (28.9%) had experienced a miscarriage, and 53/121 (43.8%) had experienced obstetric complications.ConclusionA large proportion of female T&O surgeons have and want children. T&O surgeons in the UK delay childbearing, have experienced bias and have high rates of infertility and obstetric complications. The information from this study will support female T&O surgeons with decision making and assist employers with workforce planning. Further steps are necessary in order to support female T&O surgeons having families.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(12):970–979.
Social care in childhood and adult outcomes: double whammy for minority children?
Authors: Sacker Amanda , Murray Emily T. , Maughan Barbara , Lacey Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Children in social care report poor outcomes in many aspects of their later lives. Less is known about differences by ethnicity.
Objective
We examined the health, socio-economic, family and living arrangements across the first three decades of adult life by the intersection of ethnicity (White, Black, South Asian) with social care.
Participants and setting
Linked census and life events data for a 1% sample of the population of England and Wales in the ONS Longitudinal Study. Participants were dependent children in 1971–2001 (analytic sample n = 669,474).
Methods
Categorical regression models compared health, socio-economic circumstances, living arrangements and relationships, controlling for country of birth, childhood census year, childhood and adult age in years, gender, and head of household social class, qualifications, employment status and marital status.
Results
Adverse adult outcomes following social care in childhood were conditional on the interaction of social care with ethnicity, mainly in the socio-economic domain. For some outcomes the White group had the poorest outcomes: for example, 15% lower probability of being employed than other White people (65% versus 80%). Black adults with a history of social care did not differ from other Black adults, except for the lowest probability of acquiring their own home, while care-experienced South Asian adults did not differ from other South Asian adults.
Conclusion
Minority ethnicity moderated the social care to adult outcomes relationship in both positive and negative ways. Overall, there was little evidence of intersectionality for Black children in social care affecting their life chances.
Performance evaluation of a UOWC system based on the FRS/OCDMA code for different types of Jerlov waters
Authors: Abd El-Mottaleb Somia A. , Singh Mehtab , Atieh Ahmad , Aly Moustafa H. 
Published: December 2023

In this work, the fixed right shift (FRS) code is utilized for the optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) technique in an underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system. Additionally, in this system, a 532 nm laser diode (LD) source is employed to generate optical signals. The investigation encompasses an analysis of five distinct Jerlov water types, each exhibiting diverse chlorophyll concentrations. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated when each channel that is assigned a unique FRS code sequence carries different data rates (2.5, 5, and 10 Gbps). Underwater (UW) ranges, bit error rate (BER), eye diagrams, and quality factor (Q-factor) are the performance metrics used to evaluate the system performance. The proposed UOWC-FRS/OCDMA system is simulated, and the obtained results show that the eye diagram openings close, the BER increases, and the Q-factor decreases as the data rate per each channel increases from 2.5 to 10 Gbps, and the attenuation of water becomes higher. Moreover, the lower attenuation values caused by the Jerlov type I (JI) waterbody allow each channel to carry 10 Gbps of data to propagate longer UW for a range of 35 m with a log(BER) ≤−6.33 and Q-factor greater than 4.9. On the other hand, at the same values of BER and Q-factor, the shortest ranges of 12 and 5.15 m are obtained for JII and JIII waters, respectively, where their attenuation coefficient values are 0.5297 (JII) and 1.8998 m−1 (JIII). Furthermore, as our model uses three channels, the overall achieved capacity is 3×10Gbps=30Gbps.