bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marker‐assisted selection for oleic acid content in spring turnip rape
Authors: Tanhuanpää P. , Vilkki J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe efficiency of marker‐assisted selection for oleic acid content was studied in an F2 population of spring turnip rape, Brassica rapa ssp. oleifera, using a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, the distance of which from the oleic acid gene is 11.5 cM, and allele‐specific markers which are located at the gene locus. As expected, the allele‐specific markers recognized the oleic acid genotypes more precisely than the SCAR marker. A further complication in the use of the SCAR was the existence of null alleles and polymorphism in almost all the lines/cultivars tested. Therefore, parents have to be carefully selected to find informative combinations in different crosses. Allele‐specific markers are very efficient in selection since heterozygous plants can be identified. This is not possible when selection is based on the commonly applied gas chromatography analysis of oil composition. The allele‐specific detection was further simplified by using direct staining of PCR products instead of electrophoresis.
Sexual transfer of Arabidopsis DNA to Brassica napus
Authors: Dixelius C. , Forsberg J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOut of 400 reciprocal crosses made between Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana, 200 maternal B. napus flowers produced 31 seeds and 10 seeds developed when A. thaliana was used as the female parent. Of the latter, three seeds successfully germinated but did not develop into mature plants. In contrast, plants from all 32 seeds generated from B. napus were established. DNA from these 31 plants was analysed by 18 probes mapped to the A. thaliana genome, two selectable marker genes and one A. thaliana species‐specific repetitive probe. It was found that one plant had identical restriction fragments to A. thaliana with two of the 21 probes used. The gene flow within Brassicaceae is discussed in light of this result.
Influence of culture medium and in vitro conditions on shoot regeneration in Solanum phureja monoploids and fertility of regenerated doubled monoploids
Authors: Paz M. M. , Veilleux R. E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIncorporation of monoploids in practical breeding requires an efficient method of producing homozygous diploids. This study investigated factors for efficient regeneration of doubled monoploid (DM) potato, crossability of DMs and their field performance. Incorporation of silver thiosulphate (STS) in propagation medium for in vitro monoploid plantlets of Solanum phureja did not affect the frequency of cells with diploid(2x) nuclei but increased those with monoploid (1x) and decreased those with 4x nuclei. Higher shoot regeneration was obtained from leaf explants compared with stem explants. Induction of shoots from calluswas affected neither by light during incubation nor by overnight treatment with a benzyl adenine pulse. Female fertility based on seed set after pollination of DMs with heterozygous diploid clones varied among DMs but encouraged their utilization in practical breeding.
Relationship between hybrid performance and genetic diversity based on RAPD markers in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Liu Z.‐Q. , Pei Y. , Pu Z.‐J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were generated from 20 wheat, Triticum aestivum lines. Fifty‐four fragments generated by six primers of a 10‐mer arbitrary sequence were used to study their potential power in differentiating parents with different characteristics and predicting the yield performance of hybrids produced from these parents. Experimental results showed that the 20 wheat lines were divided into four groups. Group I was characterized by more grains per spike, group II by heavy grains and group III by more spikes per unit area and short plants; group IV was similar to group III but had a much higher biomass yield and grain yield. Hybrids from parents in different groups were generally superior to most hybrids from parents in the same group. Both yield performance and heterosis of hybrids from parents between group I and group III were much better than those of other intergroup hybrids. These results suggest that, based on RAPD markers, it is possible to differentiate wheat lines with different performances and that the classification of parents from these markers is of predictive value for developing superior hybrids. However, genetic distance (GD) based on RAPD markers was not significantly correlated with hybrid performance and heterosis. It appears to be impossible to predict hybrid performance from GD itself.
Genetic, agronomic and quality comparisons of two 1AL.1RS. wheat‐rye chromosomal translocations
Authors: Graybosch R. A. , Lee J.‐H. , Peterson C. J. , Porter D. R. , Chung O. K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe 1AL.1RS wheat‐rye chromosomal translocation originally found in ‘Amigo’ wheat possesses resistance genes for stem rust, powdery mildew and greenbug biotypes B and C, but also has a negative effect on wheat processing quality. Recently, a second 1AL.1RS translocation carrying Gb6, a gene conferring resistance to greenbug biotypes B, C, E, G and I, was identified in the wheat germplasm line ‘GRS1201′. Protein analytical methods, and the DNA polymerase chain reaction were used to identify markers capable of differentiating the 1RS chromosome arms derived from ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. The secalin proteins encoded by genes on 1RS chromosome arms differed in ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. A 70 kDa secalin was found in the ‘Amigo’1AL.1RS, but did not occur in the ‘GRS1201’1AL.1RS. Polymorphisms detected by PCR primers derived from a family of moderately repetitive rye DNA sequences also differentiated the two translocations. When ‘GRS1201’was mated with a non‐1RS wheat, no recombinants between 1RS markers were observed. In crosses between 1RS and non‐1RS parents, both DNA markers and secalins would be useful as selectable markers for 1RS‐derived greenbug resistance. Recombination between 1RS markers did occur when 1RS from ‘Amigo’ and 1RS from ‘GRS1201’were combined, but in such intermatings, the molecular markers described herein could still be used to develop a population enriched in lines carrying Gb6. No differences in grain yield or grain and flour quality characteristics were observed when lines carrying 1RS from ‘Amigo’ were compared with lines with 1RS from ‘GRS1201′. Hence, differences in secalin composition did not result in differential quality effects. When compared with sister lines with 1AL.1AS derived from the wheat cultivar ‘Redland’, lines with ‘GRS1201’had equal grain yield, but produced flours with significantly shorter mix times, weaker doughs, and lower sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volumes.
Development of dominant nuclear male‐sterile lines with a blue seed marker in durum and common wheat
Authors: Tian N. , Liu Z.‐Q. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to develop genie male‐sterile lines with a blue seed marker, male‐sterile plants, controlled by a dominant nuclear gene Ms2, were used as female parents against a 4E disomic addition line ‘Xiaoyan Lanli’(2n= 44, AABBDD+4EII) as the male parent to produce monosomic addition lines with blue seed. Male‐sterile plants from the monosomic addition lines were pollinated with durum wheat for several generations and in 1989 a male‐sterile line with the blue grain gene and the male‐sterile gene Ms2 on the same additional chromosome was detected and named line 89‐2343. Using this line, the blue seed marker was successfully added to a short male‐sterile line containing Ms2 and Rht10. The segregation ratios of male sterility and seed colour as well as the chromosome figurations of different plants indicated that the blue grain genes, Ms2 and Rht10 were located on the same additional chromosome. Cytological analysis showed that the blue marker male‐sterile lines in durum wheat and common wheat were monosomic with an additional chromosome 4E. The inheritance ratio for blue seed male‐sterile plants and white seed male‐fertile plants was 19.7% and 80.3%, respectively, in common wheat. The potential for using blue marker sterile lines in population improvement and hybrid production is discussed.
Effect of mass selection in nil‐competition conditions on some traits of four cabbage populations
Authors: Koutsos T. V. , Koutsika‐Sotiriou M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMass selection with controlled pollination for heading, resistance to early bolting, fewer frame leaves relative to head size and few cover leaves, was applied for three cycles in four Greek open‐pollinating populations (OPPs) of cabbage in nil‐competition conditions (honeycomb method). The cycle 0 OPPs with their respective cycle 3 OPPs were tested under competition conditions (growers density), in two successive years, to assess the selection response for heading, resistance to early bolting, number of cover leaves and yield. In most cases, the selection response was significant at P = 0.01 or even at P = 0.001. For example, the mean increase of yield estimated over all OPPs across 2 years was 36%, without any undesirable changes in dry matter and soluble solids contents.
Inheritance of resistance to the Russian wheat aphid in an Iranian durum wheat line
Authors: Assad M. T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a major economic pest of small grains in many countries. An experiment was therefore conducted to determine the inheritance of gene(s) controlling resistance to RWA in a resistant tetraploid durum wheat line. This resistant line,‘1881′, was crossed to a susceptible line, ‘Orejy‐e‐Kazeroon’, and then F1 F2 and BCF1 (backcross to susceptible line) seedlings were screened in a greenhouse for RWA resistance following artificial infection. Resistance in ‘1881’ was apparently controlled by one dominant gene. Since Dnl, Dn2, dn3, Dn4 and Dn5 have been reported to be located on genome D, it was reasoned that the resistance gene in ‘1881’ is not allelic to them.
Relationship between heterosis and genetic divergence in ‘Tongil’‐type rice
Authors: Kwon S.‐J. , Ha W.‐G. , Hwang H.‐G. , Yang S.‐J. , Choi H.‐C. , Moon H.‐P. , Ahn S.‐N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractImproving grain yield and quality of ‘Tongil’‐type rice (indica/japonica) continues to be a major breeding objective in Korea. In this study, genetic divergence among 13‘Tongil’‐type rice cultivars was evaluated and the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance in all possible nonreciprocal crosses between them assessed. The 78 F1 hybrids together with the 13 parents were evaluated for eight traits of agronomic importance, including yield, in a replicated field trial. The 13 parents were examined for DNA polymorphism using 71 micro‐satellite or simple sequence repeats and 46 random decamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 319 polymorphic variants were generated and, based on the polymorphism data, genetic distances (GDs) ranged from 0.021 to 0.437. Cluster analysis based on GDs revealed associations among cultivars which was in agreement with the pedigree data. Heterosis was observed in hybrids for most of the traits, and yield exhibited the highest heterosis among the eight traits examined. The correlation values of GDs with F1 performance were mostly nonsignificant, except for yield, culm length and spikelets per panicle. The correlations of GDs with midparent and better‐parent heterosis were not significant enough to be of predictive value. These results indicate that GDs based on the microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers may not be useful for predicting heterotic combinations in ‘Tongil’‐type rice and support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and genetic divergence is dependent on the germplasm used.
Present and future of quantitative trait locus analysis in plant breeding
Authors: Asíns M. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe joint analysis of genotype marker segregation and phenotypic values of individuals or lines enables the detection and location of loci affecting quantitative traits (QTL). The availability of DNA markers and powerful biometric methods has led to considerable progress in QTL mapping in plants.The most obvious applications of QTL analysis seem to be marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in breeding and pre‐breeding and QTL cloning. However, other areas are envisaged where QTL analysis can contribute decisively. These are: the understanding of complex traits such as plant‐pathogen interaction; plant genomics, connecting proteins and regulatory elements of known functions to QTL by candidate gene analysis; and germplasm enhancement through a characterization that allows its efficient utilization. The success in all these applications depends primarily on the reliability and accuracy of the QTL analysis itself. Therefore, the discussion of its limitations will constitute an important part of this review.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Changes of the Canine Uterine Luminal Surface during Oestrus and Late Metoestrus
Authors: Van Cruchten S , Van den Broeck W , Simoens P , Lauwers H 
Published: March 2003

ContentsIn this study the endometrial morphology of four dogs in oestrus and 10 dogs in late metoestrus was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. In early oestrus the cells were slightly convex with fairly long microvilli and cell boundaries that were apparent but situated on a deeper level than the cell surface. In late oestrus the cells were clearly convex with long and numerous microvilli masking the cell boundaries. At the beginning of late metoestrus the cells became less convex with many but short microvilli and prominent but lower situated cell boundaries. At the end of late metoestrus the cells were flat with very short microvilli and protruding cell borders. These morphological findings were correlated with the cyclic variations of the steroid hormone levels.
Seasonal evaporative concentration of an extremely turbid water‐body in the semiarid tropics of Australia
Authors: Townsend Simon A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMany lakes and other standing water‐bodies in arid and semiarid Australia are extremely turbid, although the nature of this turbidity and its seasonal and interannual variation are not widely known. The water quality of the Longreach Waterhole was investigated over the dry season (April–November). Turbidity exceeded 100 Nephelometric Turbidity Units, comprising mainly colloidal clay and silica minerals. The high total solids’ concentrations of the Waterhole (maximum 1150 mg/L) resulted in euphotic depths as low as 19 cm. Evaporative concentration, inferred from increased conductivity and observed reductions in water level, increased the concentration of total solids, phosphorus, nitrogen and reduced euphotic depth. Elevated nutrient concentrations, however, were not accompanied by increased phytoplankton biomass, measured as chlorophyll a. The water‐body was well oxygenated, although concentrations tended to decline towards the end of the dry season. The influence of evaporative concentration on water quality and the need to relate water quality monitoring and investigations to the hydrologic history of the Longreach Waterhole, and other arid water‐bodies, is emphasized.
Patient aggression in a general hospital setting: Do nurses perceive it to be a problem?
Authors: Zernike Wendy , Sharpe Paul 
Published: March 2003

Zernike W, Sharpe P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 126–133 Patient aggression in a general hospital setting: Do nurses perceive it to be a problem? Aggressive incidents in the general hospital setting have been recognised as problematic for health care workers. Despite an awareness of the problem by nursing staff, there is little known about these incidents. A survey was therefore conducted in a metropolitan tertiary hospital to determine the prevalence and extent of patient aggression in order to direct future management strategies. A survey tool elicited information about the aggressor, factors leading to the incident, the nature of the incident, how it was managed and the outcome. Sixty‐eight incidents of aggression were reported over a five‐month period; all were reported by nursing staff. The majority of incidents occurred after hours when staff resources were limited. Frequent actions taken by staff to manage aggressive patients were chemical and physical restraint. Nurses identified that many of the incidents were unavoidable despite the aggression management training they had received. This paper outlines strategies taken by the hospital to address the issues identified in the survey.
Performance indicators and standards of care for coronary angioplasty procedures: A quality initiative
Authors: Higgins Monica 
Published: March 2003

Performance indicators and standards of care for coronary angioplasty procedures: A quality initiative The growth of coronary angioplasty procedures in Australia has provided opportunities for role development in nursing practice. In response to changes in health care demands, the angioplasty nurse specialist role was developed. This paper discusses a quality activity with two goals. First, to facilitate a change in culture within the angioplasty service from the existing fragmented system to a cohesive system based on a quality approach. Second, to develop a process improvement strategy involving a data collection tool that would facilitate the monitoring of performance indicators and patient outcomes.
Hepatic transport systems
Authors: FERENCI PETER , ZOLLNER GERNOT , TRAUNER MICHAEL 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe identification of the genes responsible for various genetic liver disorders lead to a better understanding of basic physiology of hepatic transport systems. In this review we focus on transport systems involved in the generation of bile and in the maintenance of copper homeostasis. Abnormal function of these transporters results in diseases like Wilson’s disease, progressive familial cholestasis syndromes, Dubin–Johnson syndrome and cystic fibrosis. Beyond these well defined diseases, functional impairments of transport proteins may predispose to non‐genetic diseases ranging from intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy to neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease.
A new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibody to hepatitis E virus
Authors: OBRIADINA A , MENG JH , ULANOVA T , TRINTA K , BURKOV A , FIELDS HA , KHUDYAKOV YE 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aim
: The purpose of the present study was to develop enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of IgG anti‐hepatitis E virus (HEV) activity using two new recombinant proteins as antigenic targets, and to evaluate these EIA with the aid of statistical methods.
Methods
: Two proteins, a mosaic protein and pB166 containing region 452–617 aa of the ORF2 of the HEV Burma strain, were used to develop the new HEV EIA. This EIA was evaluated using several panels of serum specimens obtained from: (i) acutely HEV‐infected patients; (ii) patients with non‐A, non‐C hepatitis; (iii) normal blood donors (NBD) from non‐endemic countries; and (iv) experimentally infected chimpanzees.
Results
: A new HEV EIA was developed using two new recombinant proteins. This assay was able to detect anti‐HEV activity in all specimens from acutely HEV‐infected patients. When NBD were tested, more than 15% of specimens were found to be IgG anti‐HEV positive. All NBD anti‐HEV‐positive specimens were tested with overlapping synthetic peptides spanning the entire HEV ORF2‐encoded protein. More than 90% of the anti‐HEV‐positive NBD specimens immunoreacted with an average of 15 synthetic peptides derived from different regions of the HEV ORF2 protein. These data suggest that the HEV EIA is at least 90% specific in detecting remote HEV infections.
Conclusion
: The new HEV EIA developed in the present study is a highly specific diagnostic assay for the detection of anti‐HEV activity in serum specimens obtained from different epidemiologic settings.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Autoimmune hepatitis and overlap syndromes
Authors: VOGEL ARNDT , WEDEMEYER HEINER , P MANNS MICHAEL , STRASSBURG CHRISTIAN P 
Published: March 2003

Abstract  Autoimmune hepatitis is a well‐established chronic liver disease. It primarily affects women, is characterized by circulating autoantibodies and elevated gammaglobulins and is associated with extrahepatic immune‐mediated syndromes. Treatment regimens have remained unchanged for a number of years because of the high efficacy of steroid monotherapy, or combination therapy of azathioprine and steroids. In approximately 90% of patients remission of the disease is reached by medical therapy, which is usually administered lifelong because long‐term remission after drug withdrawal is achieved in only 17% of patients. In 10% of patients treatment failure is observed. The challenge of remission induction involves the use of transplant immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine, mycophenolate moffetil, and tacrolimus. The challenge of maintenance therapy minimizing steroid side‐effects involves the evaluation of topical steroids and the use of azathioprine monotherapy. Overlap syndromes occur in approximately 20% of autoimmune liver diseases. The diagnosis is broadly based on serological, biochemical, clinical and histological parameters. Most common are the overlap of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, as well as autoimmune hepatitis with primary sclerosing cholangitis. These yet incompletely defined syndromes are an important differential diagnosis in the diffcult‐to‐treat patient with autoimmune hepatitis.© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
CASE REPORT: Patent ductus venosus
Authors: Nagano Ken’Ichi , Hoshino Hiroshi , Nishimura Daisaku , Katada Naoyuki , Sano Hiroshi , Kato Katsumoto 
Published: March 2003

Background: Patent ductus venosus is extremely rare with only 14 cases reported in the world literature. We present a case of patent ductus venosus. Methods and Results: A 29‐year‐old male was admitted with melaena stool caused by gastric haemorrhagic ulcers. Laboratory data disclosed severe anaemia; however, liver function tests were normal. Serum ammonia was also within the normal range. Serological viral markers for hepatitis B or C were all negative. The abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography indicated a 12 mm diameter shunt located in the left lobe of the liver, which connected the portal vein with the left hepatic vein. After treatment for gastric ulcers, percutaneous transhepatic portography was performed and an enormous shunt connecting the umbilical portion of the portal vein with the left hepatic vein was revealed. Conclusions: Histological findings of the liver biopsy showed that portal venules could not be observed in the portal areas and that no fibrosis or inflammatory cell infiltration were shown. Because of the anatomical position of the shunt, the case was diagnosed as patent ductus venosus.