bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis in mucous retention cyst: a human in vivo‐like model of endothelial cell differentiation in mucous substrate
Authors: Swelam Wael , Ida‐Yonemochi Hiroko , Saku Takashi 
Published: December 2004

Background:  Mucous retention cysts contain a mucous pool in the lumina, in which pure angiogenic processes are occasionally observed. By using this unique human material, our aim was to understand the in vivo angiogenic process.Methods:  Fifteen surgical tissue samples of mucous retention cysts of the lip were examined for expression of vascular endothelial markers and extracellular matrix molecules by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH).Results:  Endothelial cells forming new vascular channels showed immunopositivities for CD31, CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and von Willebrand factor (vWF). These newly formed capillaries were surrounded by tenascin‐positive matrices and further by a dense infiltration of CD68‐positive cells with foamy to epitheloid appearances. Some of these cells were simultaneously positive for CD34, VEGF, and one of its receptors, Flk‐1, and they showed definite mRNA as well as protein signals for tenascin. In addition, these cells often tended to be aligned, which suggested tubule formation.Conclusion:  The results suggest that monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are a major source for endothelial cells at least in mucous retention cysts and that tenascin produced by those cells plays an important role in differentiation of endothelial cells.
Identification of an Adeno-Associated Virus Rep Protein Binding Site in the Adenovirus
E2a
Promoter
Authors: Casper John M. , Timpe Jennifer M. , Dignam John David , Trempe James P. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) and other parvoviruses inhibit proliferation of nonpermissive cells. The mechanism of this inhibition is not thoroughly understood. To learn how AAV interacts with host cells, we investigated AAV's interaction with adenovirus (Ad), AAV's most efficient helper virus. Coinfection with Ad and AAV results in an AAV-mediated inhibition of Ad5 gene expression and replication. The AAV replication proteins (Rep) activate and repress gene expression from AAV and heterologous transcription promoters. To investigate the role of Rep proteins in the suppression of Ad propagation, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses that demonstrated in vivo AAV Rep protein interaction with the Ad
E2a
gene promoter. In vitro binding of purified AAV Rep68 protein to the Ad
E2a
promoter was characterized by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (

K
d

= 200 ± 25 nM). A 38 bp, Rep68-protected region (5′-TAAGAGTCAGCGCGCAGTATTTACTGAAGAGAGCCT-3′) was identified by DNase I footprint analysis. The 38-bp protected region contains the weak
E2a
TATA box, sequence elements that resemble the Rep binding sites identified by random sequence oligonucleotide selection, and the transcription start site. These results suggest that Rep binding to the
E2a
promoter contributes to the inhibition of
E2a
gene expression from the Ad
E2a
promoter and may affect Ad replication.
Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Murine Cytomegalovirus Transcriptional Reactivation in Latently Infected Lungs
Authors: Simon Christian O. , Seckert Christof K. , Dreis Doris , Reddehase Matthias J. , Grzimek Natascha K. A. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Interstitial pneumonia is a major clinical manifestation of primary or recurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised recipients of a bone marrow transplant. In a murine model, lungs were identified as a prominent site of CMV latency and recurrence. Pulmonary latency of murine CMV is characterized by high viral genome burden and a low incidence of variegated immediate-early (IE) gene expression, reflecting a sporadic activity of the major IE promoters (MIEPs) and enhancer. The enhancer-flanking promoters MIEP1/3 and MIEP2 are switched on and off during latency in a ratio of ∼2:1. MIEP1/3 latency-associated activity generates the IE1 transcript of the
ie1/3
transcription unit but not the alternative splicing product IE3 that encodes the essential transactivator of early gene expression. Splicing thus appeared to be an important checkpoint for maintenance of latency. In accordance with previous work of others, we show here that signaling by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activates IE1/3 transcription in vivo. As an addition to current knowledge, Poisson distribution analysis revealed an increased incidence of IE1/3 transcriptional events as well as a higher amount of transcripts per event. Notably, TNF-α promoted the splicing to IE3 transcripts, but transcription did not proceed to the
M55/gB
early gene. Moreover, the activated transcriptional state induced by TNF-α did not predispose latently infected mice to a higher incidence of virus recurrence after hematoablative treatment. In conclusion, TNF-α is an important inductor of IE gene transcriptional reactivation, whereas early genes downstream in the viral replicative cycle appear to be the rate-limiting checkpoint(s) for virus recurrence.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomic RNA Sequences in the Female Genital Tract and Blood: Compartmentalization and Intrapatient Recombination
Authors: Philpott Sean , Burger Harold , Tsoukas Christos , Foley Brian , Anastos Kathryn , Kitchen Christina , Weiser Barbara 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Investigation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract of women is crucial to the development of vaccines and therapies. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various anatomic sites have documented compartmentalization, with viral sequences from each location that were distinct yet phylogenetically related. Full-length RNA genomes derived from different compartments in the same individual, however, have not yet been studied. Furthermore, although there is evidence that intrapatient recombination may occur frequently, recombinants comprising viruses from different sites within one individual have rarely been documented. We compared full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences in the plasma and female genital tract, focusing on a woman with high HIV-1 RNA loads in each compartment who had been infected heterosexually and then transmitted HIV-1 by the same route. We cloned and sequenced 10 full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from her genital tract and 10 from her plasma. We also compared viral genomes from the genital tract and plasma of four additional heterosexually infected women, sequencing 164
env
and
gag
clones obtained from the two sites. Four of five women, including the one whose complete viral sequences were determined, displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes. Analyses of full-length, compartmentalized sequences made it possible to document complex intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants that were composed of alternating viral sequences characteristic of each site. These findings demonstrate that the genital tract and blood harbor genetically distinct populations of replicating HIV-1 and provide evidence that recombination between strains from the two compartments contributes to rapid evolution of viral sequence variation in infected individuals.
Nodamura Virus RNA Replication in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: Heterologous Gene Expression Allows Replication-Dependent Colony Formation
Authors: Price B. Duane , Eckerle Lance D. , Ball L. Andrew , Johnson Kyle L. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

Nodamura virus
(NoV) and
Flock House virus
(FHV) are members of the family
Nodaviridae
. The nodavirus genome is composed of two positive-sense RNA segments: RNA1 encodes the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA2 encodes the capsid protein precursor. A small subgenomic RNA3, which encodes nonstructural proteins B1 and B2, is transcribed from RNA1 during RNA replication. Previously, FHV was shown to replicate both of its genomic RNAs and to transcribe RNA3 in transiently transfected yeast cells. FHV RNAs and their derivatives could also be expressed from plasmids containing RNA polymerase II promoters. Here we show that all of these features can be recapitulated for NoV, the only nodavirus that productively infects mammals. Inducible plasmid-based systems were used to characterize the RNA replication requirements for NoV RNA1 and RNA2 in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Induced NoV RNA1 replication was robust. Three previously described NoV RNA1 mutants behaved in yeast as they had in mammalian cells. Yeast colonies were selected from cells expressing NoV RNA1, and RNA2 replicons that encoded yeast nutritional markers, from plasmids. Unexpectedly, these NoV RNA replication-dependent yeast colonies were recovered at frequencies 10
4
-fold lower than in the analogous FHV system. Molecular analysis revealed that some of the NoV RNA replication-dependent colonies contained mutations in the NoV B2 open reading frame in the replicating viral RNA. In addition, we found that NoV RNA1 could support limited replication of a deletion derivative of the heterologous FHV RNA2 that expressed the yeast
HIS3
selectable marker, resulting in formation of HIS
+
colonies.
Substitution of Feline Leukemia Virus Long Terminal Repeat Sequences into Murine Leukemia Virus Alters the Pattern of Insertional Activation and Identifies New Common Insertion Sites
Authors: Johnson Chassidy , Lobelle-Rich Patricia A. , Puetter Adriane , Levy Laura S. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT

The recombinant retrovirus, MoFe2-MuLV (MoFe2), was constructed by replacing the U3 region of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) with homologous sequences from the FeLV-945 LTR. NIH/Swiss mice neonatally inoculated with MoFe2 developed T-cell lymphomas of immature thymocyte surface phenotype. MoFe2 integrated infrequently (0 to 9%) near common insertion sites (CISs) previously identified for either parent virus. Using three different strategies, CISs in MoFe2-induced tumors were identified at six loci, none of which had been previously reported as CISs in tumors induced by either parent virus in wild-type animals. Two of the newly identified CISs had not previously been implicated in lymphoma in any retrovirus model. One of these, designated
3-19
, encodes the p101 regulatory subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-gamma. The other, designated
Rw1
, is predicted to encode a protein that functions in the immune response to virus infection. Thus, substitution of FeLV-945 U3 sequences into the M-MuLV long terminal repeat (LTR) did not alter the target tissue for M-MuLV transformation but significantly altered the pattern of CIS utilization in the induction of T-cell lymphoma. These observations support a growing body of evidence that the distinctive sequence and/or structure of the retroviral LTR determines its pattern of insertional activation. The findings also demonstrate the oligoclonal nature of retrovirus-induced lymphomas by demonstrating proviral insertions at CISs in subdominant populations in the tumor mass. Finally, the findings demonstrate the utility of novel recombinant retroviruses such as MoFe2 to contribute new genes potentially relevant to the induction of lymphoid malignancy.
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Facilitates the Transfer of Murine Coronavirus from Endosome to Cytoplasm during Virus Entry
Authors: Yu Guann-Yi , Lai Michael M. C. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACT
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in cellular endocytosis and maturation of some viruses. In this study, we found that proteasome inhibitors blocked mouse hepatitis virus replication at an early step in the viral life cycle. In the presence of MG132, the entering viruses accumulated in both the endosome and denser lysosome, suggesting that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the release of virus from the endosome to the cytosol during the virus entry step.
Induction of the RelB NF-κB Subunit by the Cytomegalovirus IE1 Protein Is Mediated via Jun Kinase and c-Jun/Fra-2 AP-1 Complexes
Authors: Wang Xiaobo , Sonenshein Gail E. 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTWe recently demonstrated that the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein induces transcription of the gene encoding the RelB NF-κB subunit. The mechanism of this activation has been explored here. We report that the induction of therelBpromoter by IE1 protein is mediated via activation of JNK and AP-1. The region controllingrelBpromoter induction was mapped to the upstream ∼600-bp region between −1694 and −1096 bp. IE1 stimulated AP-1 activity in NIH 3T3 cells. Competition electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) confirmed the presence of one bona fide AP-1 element centered at −1503 bp. Introduction of a G-to-C mutation in the AP-1 binding site within the distal region of therelBpromoter eliminated its activation by IE1 in both NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Supershift EMSA identified c-Jun, Fra-2, and c-Fos in AP-1 binding complexes in IE1 transfected NIH 3T3 cells. IE1 induced c-Jun phosphorylation, and treatment with SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, as well as overexpression of JNK-binding domain of JIP1, blocked IE1-mediated induction of AP-1 andrelBpromoter activity in NIH 3T3 cells and SMCs. Ectopic expression of c-Jun plus Fra-2, but not c-Fos, inducedrelBpromoter activity. TherelBpromoter has two proximal NF-κB elements, and c-Jun/Fra-2 worked in synergy with p50/p65 NF-κB complexes. Overall, these findings demonstrate for the first time the role of AP-1 in transcriptional regulation of a gene encoding an NF-κB subunit, and its involvement in induction of RelB activity by the CMV IE1 protein.
The dendritic cell-derived protein DC-STAMP is highly conserved and localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Eleveld-Trancikova Dagmar , Triantis Vassilis , Moulin Veronique , Looman Maaike W G , Wijers Mietske , Fransen Jack A M , Lemckert Angelique A C , Havenga Menzo J E , Figdor Carl G , Janssen Richard A J , Adema Gosse J 
Published: December 2004

AbstractRecently, we described the molecular identification of dendritic cell-specific TrAnsMembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a multimembrane-spanning protein preferentially expressed by human DC (hDC). In this report, we describe the identification and expression profile of the murine homologue of DC-STAMP (mDC-STAMP) as well as the characterization of the DC-STAMP protein. The results demonstrate that mDC-STAMP is over 90% homologous to hDC-STAMP and is also preferentially expressed by DC in vitro and ex vivo. mDC-STAMP expression is enhanced by interleukin-4 and down-regulated upon DC maturation. Analysis of differently tagged DC-STAMP proteins further demonstrates that hDC-STAMP and mDC-STAMP are glycosylated and primarily localize to an intracellular compartment. Applying confocal microscopy and electron microscopy, we demonstrate that hDC-STAMP localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells as well as hDC transduced with an adenovirus encoding hDC-STAMP-green fluorescent protein fusion protein. These data imply that DC-STAMP may exert its effect in the ER.
Identification of catalytic converter kinetic model using a genetic algorithm approach
Authors: Pontikakis G N , Stamatelos A M 
Published: December 2004

The need to deliver fast-in-market and right-first-time design for ultra-low-emission vehicles at a reasonable cost is driving the automotive industries to invest significant manpower in computer-aided design and optimization of exhaust after-treatment systems. To serve the above goals, an already developed engineering model for the three-way catalytic converter kinetic behaviour is linked with a genetic algorithm optimization procedure, for fast and accurate estimation of the set of tuneable kinetic parameters that describe the chemical behaviour of each specific washcoat formulation. The genetic-algorithm-based optimization procedure utilizes a purpose-designed performance measure that allows an objective assessment of model prediction accuracy against a set of experimental data that represent the behaviour of the specific washcoat formulation over a typical legislated test procedure. The identification methodology is tested on a demanding case study, and the best-fit parameters demonstrate high accuracy in matching the measured test data. The results are definitely more accurate than those usually obtained by manual or gradient-based tuning of the parameters. Moreover, the set of parameters identified by the genetic algorithm methodology is proven to describe in a valid way the chemical kinetic behaviour of the specific catalyst, and this is tested by the successful prediction of the performance of a smaller-size converter. The parameter estimation methodology developed fits in an integrated computer-aided engineering methodology assisting the design optimization of catalytic exhaust systems that extends all the way through from model development to parameter estimation, and quality assurance of test data.
East Asian social policy in the wake of the financial crisis: farewell to productivism?
Authors: Holliday Ian 
Published: December 2004

English
For some years, a productivist strand characterised debates about a possible East Asian welfare model. However, recent policy initiatives, prompted partly by the Asian financial crisis and partly by far wider economic, social and political changes, cast doubt on the continuing validity of the productivist thesis in an East Asian context. This article reviews the evidence, and argues that while social policy has some nonproductivist tendencies in South Korea and Taiwan in particular, they are not as substantial and significant as is sometimes held. It concludes that it is not yet time to discard productivism, which remains plausible and useful in analysing social policy systems in the region.
Trust in UK pensions policy: a different approach?
Authors: Ring Patrick John 
Published: December 2004

English
This article discusses the nature of trust and its importance for pensions policy. Trust in the financial services sector has suffered in the face of a ‘pensions crisis’. Government's response focuses on ‘empowering’ consumers through education, information and pensions simplification, to create a domain of ‘active trust’ (Giddens, 1994). This approach is likely to fail many, and government must focus on rebuilding trust in its own ability to manage long-term pensions policy. It is argued that this should involve a greater role for government as a provider, but in any event the first step is a meaningful dialogue with the public.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Sonogashira–Hagihara Cross‐Couplings of Arenesulfonyl Chlorides and Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Reddy Dubbaka Srinivas , Vogel Pierre 
Published: December 2004

AbstractFor the first time, conditions have been found for the palladium‐catalyzed desulfitative carbon‐carbon cross‐coupling of arenesulfonyl chlorides with aryl‐ and alkylacetylenes. Pd2(dba)3/P(t‐Bu)3 and CuI provide the best catalyst for reactions in refluxing THF and in the presence of K2CO3.
A Novel Practical Synthesis of C‐2‐Arylpurines
Authors: Itoh Takahiro , Sato Kimihiko , Mase Toshiaki 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSuzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of halopurines with arylboronic acids would be one of the most efficient methods to synthesize C‐2‐arylpurines. However, as this approach implied some potential disadvantages, we needed to devise a more efficient process. Starting with 4‐amino‐2‐chloro‐5‐nitropyrimidine, readily prepared from 5‐nitrouracil, seemed to potentially obviate our concerns, and the applicability of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling was examined in detail. Considerable competitive hydrolysis occurred simultaneously with the desired reaction under the aqueous conditions typically employed in the Suzuki–Miyaura protocol. Excellent yields were obtained with 1,1′‐bis(di‐tert‐butylphosphino)ferrocene (=D‐t‐BPF) under anhydrous conditions. Tolerance of various arylboronic acids was also found. Subsequent reduction with H2/Pd‐C of one of the coupling adducts, 4‐amino‐5‐nitro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine, gave the diamine, which was further condensed with activated acid derivatives to afford a wide variety of the 2‐phenylpurine derivatives in excellent yields.
Cross‐Coupling of Triallyl(aryl)silanes with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides: An Alternative Convenient Biaryl Synthesis
Authors: Sahoo Akhila K. , Oda Takuro , Nakao Yoshiaki , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCross‐coupling of a diverse range of aryl bromides with triallyl(aryl)silanes is effective in the presence of PdCl2/PCy3 and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) in DMSO‐H2O to give various biaryls in good yields. It is worthwhile to note that the all‐carbon‐substituted arylsilanes, stable towards moisture, acid, and base and easily accessible, serve as a highly practical alternative to their aryl(halo)silane counterparts. A catalyst system consisting of [(η3‐C3H5)PdCl]2 and 2‐[2,4,6‐(i‐Pr)3C6H2]‐C6H4PCy2 and use of TBAF⋅3 H2O in THF‐H2O are effective especially for the cross‐coupling with aryl chlorides. Both of the catalyst systems tolerate a broad spectrum of common functional groups. The high efficiency of reactions is presumably due to the ready cleavage of the allyl groups upon treatment with TBAF⋅3 H2O and an appropriate amount of water. Diallyl(diphenyl)silane also cross‐couples with various aryl bromides and chlorides in good yields, whereas allyl(triphenyl)silane gives the cross‐coupled products in only moderate yields. Through sequential cross‐coupling of bromochlorobenzenes with different arylsilanes, a range of unsymmetrical terphenyls are accessible in good overall yields.
Palladium‐ and Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of α‐Bromoalkenylphosphonates with Arylboronic Acids and Lithium Alkenylborates
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichi , William Anthony D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe coupling reaction of the α‐bromoalkenylphosphonates with organoboranes was investigated. The palladium‐catalyzed arylation took place successfully with arylboronic acids, while alkenylation proceeded with lithium alkenylborates and a nickel catalyst. In addition, an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of the diene prepared by the alkenylation afforded the corresponding adduct.
Nonaflates from 8‐Oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones as Building Blocks for Diversity‐Orientated Synthesis: Preparation, Heck‐Couplings and Subsequent Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Högermeier Jens , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Brüdgam Irene , Hartl Hans 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA series of bicyclic alkenyl nonaflates was prepared in good yields by deprotonation of the corresponding 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct‐6‐en‐3‐ones and a sulfur relative with LDA followed by trapping with nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (NfF). The resulting compounds undergo Heck couplings to methyl acrylate under standard conditions, generally providing bicyclic dienes in satisfactory yields. For nonaflates 2 and 12 a novel base‐promoted fragmentation reaction to substituted furan derivatives was observed. Several Diels–Alder reactions of the bicyclic dienes were conducted leading to polycyclic compounds. Whereas the diastereofacial selectivity with respect to the oxygen or sulfur bridge of the dienes is excellent, the exo/endo selectivity strongly depends on the substitution patterns of the bicyclic diene and the dienophile. The results presented demonstrate the potential of bicyclic nonaflates to serve as versatile building blocks in diversity‐orientated synthesis.