bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numeracy and the shortcomings of utility assessment in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Schwartz Seth R. , McDowell Jennifer , Yueh Bevan 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground.Because survival differences between surgical and nonsurgical treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) are hard to detect, increasing focus has been placed on quality of life (QOL) differences after treatment. Utility assessment provides insight into QOL. Evidence suggests that a patient's comfort with numerical concepts (“numeracy”) may influence utility measures. We hypothesize that patients who are nonnumerate provide inconsistent utility data in QOL studies.Methods.New HNC (n = 18) patients were recruited to participate. Patients completed a numeracy questionnaire, a utility assessment, and a global QOL questionnaire. Higher scores reflect better function. Interviewers rated the functional level of each patient. For both numerate and nonnumerate patients, utility scores were compared with global QOL (good vs poor) and observer‐rated function.Results.Half of the patients were numerate. Numerate patients who rated their QOL as good had significantly higher utility scores than did patients with poor global QOL (0.95 vs 0.43, p = .03). In contrast, nonnumerate patients with good QOL had lower utility scores than did patients with poor QOL (0.45 vs 0.77, NS). Utility scores for numerate patients correlated well with observer‐rated function (r = 0.41 to r = 0.57), whereas those of nonnumerate patients did not (r = −0.16 to r = 0.06).Conclusions.QOL evaluation through utility assessment may provide inaccurate and contradictory data about patient functioning for nonnumerate patients. This may confound QOL assessment when interpreting utility data. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 401–407, 2004
CO2 laser treatment of supraglottic cancer
Authors: Motta Gaetano , Esposito Erik , Testa Domenico , Iovine Renata , Motta Sergio 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBackground.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic CO2 laser microsurgery in the management of supraglottic cancer.Methods.One hundred twenty‐four patients (116 men and eight women; mean age, 59 years; range 31–81 years) with supraglottic cancer underwent CO2 laser surgery (mean follow‐up 5 years). The study patients were classified as follows: 45 patients, T1N0M0; 61 patients, T2N0M0; and 18 patients, T3N0M0. According to the staging, the following procedures were adopted: epiglottectomy, resection of aryepiglottic fold or false vocal cord in T1 patients (group A); resection of the false vocal cord and adjacent structures in T2 patients (group B); and supraglottic laryngectomy in T3 patients (group C). Statistical comparison of survival parameters was carried out with Wilcoxon test, considering p < .05 the minimum significance value.Results.Overall actuarial survival, adjusted actuarial survival, and no evidence of disease at 5 years were 91%, 97%, and 82% in group A; 88%, 94%, and 59% in group B; and 81%, 81%, and 51% in group C, respectively. The statistical analysis of survival parameters showed a significant difference in the comparison of T1 versus T2 and T2 versus T3 tumors (p < .01). Actuarial local control, actuarial nodal control, and actuarial distant metastasis control at 5 years were 82%, 82%, and 100% in T1 patients; 63%, 90%, and 98% in T2 patients; and 77%, 75%, and 93% in T3 patients. Laryngeal preservation rate was 88.6% in T1 patients, 85.4% in T2 patients, and 93.7% in T3 patients. Patients in groups A and B were discharged after 3 to 12 days, and patients in group C, were discharged after 14 to 20 days.Conclusions.The results of this study show that endoscopic CO2 laser surgery is highly effective in the treatment of T1 and T2 supraglottic cancer. In T3 cancer, the CO2 laser should be implemented in those cases where radical excision by endoscopic route is feasible. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 26: 442–446, 2004
A novel population of calretinin‐positive neurons comprises reelin‐positive Cajal‐Retzius cells in the hippocampal formation of the adult domestic pig
Authors: Ábrahám Hajnalka , Tóth Zsolt , Seress László 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCalretinin‐containing neurons in the hippocampal formation, including the subiculum, presubiculum, parasubiculum, and entorhinal cortex, were visualized with immunocytochemistry. Calretinin immunoreactivity was present exclusively in non‐principal cells. The largest immunoreactive cell population was found in the outer half of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of Ammon's horn. A proportion of these cells were also immunoreactive for reelin, a Cajal‐Retzius cell marker. Similar calretinin‐positive cells were found in the molecular layer of the subicular complex and entorhinal cortex. In the parasubiculum, a few immunoreactive bipolar and multipolar cells could be observed in the superficial and deep pyramidal cell layers. In the entorhinal cortex, bipolar and multipolar calretinin‐positive cells were frequent in layer II, and large numbers of multipolar cells in layer V were immunoreactive. Electron microscopic analysis showed that somata of calretinin‐positive cells contained either round nuclei with smooth nuclear envelopes or nuclei with multiple deep infoldings. Immunoreactive dendrites were smooth varicose, and the apposing axon terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses. Zonula adherentia were observed between calretinin‐positive dendrites. Calretinin‐ positive axon terminals formed two types of synapses. Axon terminals with asymmetric synapses were found close to the hippocampal fissure, whereas axon terminals forming symmetric synapses innervated spiny dendrites in both the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lacunosum‐moleculare of Ammon's horn. Calretinin‐ positive axon terminals formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses with calretinin‐positive dendrites. In conclusion, calretinin‐ positive neurons form two major subpopulations in the adult domestic pig hippocampus: (1) a γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic subpopulation of local circuit neurons that innervates distal dendrites of principal cells in both the dentate gyrus and in Ammon's horn; and (2) Cajal‐Retzius type cells close to the hippocampal fissure, as well as in the molecular layer of the subicular complex and entorhinal cortex. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced basal CAMKII levels in hippocampal CA1 region: Possible cause of stress‐induced impairment of LTP in chronically stressed rats
Authors: Gerges N.Z. , Aleisa A.M. , Schwarz L.A. , Alkadhi K.A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractChronic psychosocial stress markedly reduces the expression of high‐frequency stimulation (HFS)‐evoked early long‐term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of anesthetized rats. Immunoblotting was performed to determine changes in molecular levels of key signaling proteins that might be responsible for this inhibitory effect. Western blot analysis of the CA1 region demonstrates that chronic psychosocial stress decreases basal levels of calcium calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylated (P)‐CaMKII, calmodulin, and protein kinase C (PKCγ) while markedly increasing protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) levels. The decrease of basal levels of P‐CaMKII may be triggered primarily by excessive dephosphorylation resulting from enhanced basal levels of calcineurin. The decline in the basal levels of the upstream molecules, PKCγ and calmodulin may be a consequence of the diminished basal P‐CaMKII levels. Analysis of signaling molecules in CA1 region of chronically stressed rat subjected to HFS in vivo showed only one difference compared to similarly stimulated control rats; no increase in P‐CaMKII levels. Our results suggest that decreased P‐CaMKII levels may be primarily responsible for the stress‐induced reduction in LTP expression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ionic mechanisms in the generation of subthreshold oscillations and action potential clustering in entorhinal layer II stellate neurons
Authors: Fransén Erik , Alonso Angel A. , Dickson Clayton T. , Magistretti Jacopo , Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA multicompartmental biophysical model of entorhinal cortex layer II stellate cells was developed to analyze the ionic basis of physiological properties, such as subthreshold membrane potential oscillations, action potential clustering, and the medium afterhyperpolarization. In particular, the simulation illustrates the interaction of the persistent sodium current (INaP) and the hyperpolarization activated inward current (Ih) in the generation of subthreshold membrane potential oscillations. The potential role of Ih in contributing to the medium hyperpolarization (mAHP) and rebound spiking was studied. The role of Ih and the slow calcium‐activated potassium current IK(AHP) in action potential clustering was also studied. Representations of Ih and INaP were developed with parameters based on voltage‐clamp data from whole‐cell patch and single channel recordings of stellate cells (Dickson et al., J Neurophysiol 83:2562–2579, 2000; Magistretti and Alonso, J Gen Physiol 114:491–509, 1999; Magistretti et al., J Physiol 521:629–636, 1999a; J Neurosci 19:7334–7341, 1999b). These currents interacted to generate robust subthreshold membrane potentials with amplitude and frequency corresponding to data observed in the whole cell patch recordings. The model was also able to account for effects of pharmacological manipulations, including blockade of Ih with ZD7288, partial blockade with cesium, and the influence of barium on oscillations. In a model with a wider range of currents, the transition from oscillations to single spiking, to spike clustering, and finally tonic firing could be replicated. In agreement with experiment, blockade of calcium channels in the model strongly reduced clustering. In the voltage interval during which no data are available, the model predicts that the slow component of Ih does not follow the fast component down to very short time constants. The model also predicts that the fast component of Ih is responsible for the involvement in the generation of subthreshold oscillations, and the slow component dominates in the generation of spike clusters. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mode shifting between storage and recall based on novelty detection in oscillating hippocampal circuits
Authors: Meeter M. , Murre J.M.J. , Talamini L.M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIt has been suggested that hippocampal mode shifting between a storage and a retrieval state might be under the control of acetylcholine (ACh) levels, as set by an autoregulatory hippocampo‐septo‐hippocampal loop. The present study investigates how such a mechanism might operate in a large‐scale connectionist model of this circuitry that takes into account the major hippocampal subdivisions, oscillatory population dynamics and the time scale on which ACh exerts its effects in the hippocampus. The model assumes that hippocampal mode shifting is regulated by a novelty signal generated in the hippocampus. The simulations suggest that this signal originates in the dentate. Novel patterns presented to this structure lead to brief periods of depressed firing in the hippocampal circuitry. During these periods, an inhibitory influence of the hippocampus on the septum is lifted, leading to increased firing of cholinergic neurons. The resulting increase in ACh release in the hippocampus produces network dynamics that favor learning over retrieval. Resumption of activity in the hippocampus leads to the reinstatement of inhibition. Despite theta‐locked rhythmic firing of ACh neurons in the septum, ACh modulation in the model fluctuates smoothly on a time scale of seconds. It is shown that this is compatible with the time scale on which memory processes take place. A number of strong predictions regarding memory function are derived from the model. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of controlled zinc release on bone mineral density from injectable Zn‐containing β‐tricalcium phosphate suspension in zinc‐deficient diseased rats
Authors: Otsuka Makoto , Ohshita Yuko , Marunaka Sunao , Matsuda Yoshihia , Ito Atsuo , Ichinose Noboru , Otsuka Kuniko , Higuchi William I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc (Zn)‐containing β‐tricalcium phosphate (Zn–TCP) in correcting the bone mineral deficiency noted in osteoporosis using ovariectomized rat model. Four rats were used for each of the four experimental groups: D0, D10, D20, and N10. The rats in D0, D10, and D20 groups were ovariectomized, and fed a vitamin D‐, Ca‐, and Zn‐deficient diet, and induced Zn‐deficient osteoporoses for 9 weeks. In contrast, the N10 group was the normal rats fed normal healthy diet for 9 weeks. D0 group was injected with pure β‐TCP suspension, D10 and D20 groups were injected with suspensions containing 10 mg of 10 mol % (6.17 wt % Zn) and 20 mol % (12.05 wt % Zn) Zn–TCP, respectively, and the healthy group, N10 were injected with 10 mol %. Zn–TCP suspensions. Injections were administered intramuscularly in the left thigh once a week in all rats, and fed a vitamin D‐ and Zn‐deficient diet for 9 weeks. The plasma calcium (Ca) and Zn levels, plasma alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebra and femora were measured. The plasma Zn levels in all the rats were between 1.1 and 2.8 μg/mL. The areas under the curves for the Ca, Zn, and ALP (Ca‐AUC, Zn‐AUC, and ALP‐AUC) levels between 0 and 63 days were calculated. Results for the AUCs were as follows: (1) the Zn‐AUCs were in the order of N10 = D20 > D10 > D0; (2) the Ca‐AUCs for D0, D10 groups were significantly lower than that for the N10 group; (3) the ALP‐AUCs for the D10 and D20 groups were significantly higher than that for the N10 group, and that of the D0 group was in between those. The body weight of D10 and D20 groups significantly increased with time, that of the D0 group increased slightly, and that of the N10 group remained unchanged for the entire experimental period. The BMD of the lumbar vertebrae of the D10 and D20 groups (about 100 mg/cm2) was significantly higher than that of the D0 group but lower than that of the N10 group. The BMD of the left femur increased more than that of the right femur with the increase in the amount of Zn in the suspension. The results of this study suggest that the local effect on BMD was more pronounced than the effect on the whole body. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 552–560, 2004
Titanium implants enhance pulmonary nitric oxide production and lung injury in rats exposed to endotoxin
Authors: Yang Rong Sen , Tsai Keh Sung , Liu Shing Hwa 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn increase in levels of elemental Ti in the blood and lung of rats with a Ti alloy implant has been demonstrated. However, the pathophysiological role of the elevated elemental Ti level in the circulation remains unclear. Rats were implanted with Ti alloy discs for 4 weeks. The levels of elemental Ti in the blood and lung were especially increased compared with other tissues. The Ti alloy implant enhanced lung injury related to endotoxin from Gram‐negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which was characterized by lung edema and other histological changes such as recruitment of neutrophils, interstitial edema, and alveolar hemorrhage in the lung. In the presence of endotoxin, an increase of nitrite production was shown in the plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of rats implanted with a Ti alloy. Moreover, the Ti alloy implant further enhanced the induction of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) protein expression induced by LPS in the lung. These endotoxin‐related responses in the presence or absence of the Ti alloy implant could be inhibited by aminoguanidine (an iNOS inhibitor). These results provide the first experimental evidence that circulating Ti released from Ti alloy implants has an ability to affect pulmonary iNOS protein expression, and enhance the pathogenesis of acute lung injury during endotoxemia. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 69A: 561–566, 2004
A comparative staining technique to detect mineral oil contaminants from orthopedic implants
Authors: Willie Bettina M. , Watts C. William , Szakacs Juliana G. , Bloebaum Roy D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAn adverse tissue response was reported in patients implanted with porous coated implants containing a mineral oil contaminant. A comparative staining technique was developed in a rabbit and sheep model to identify the presence of a mineral oil contaminant on porous coated implants by examining the surrounding tissues and end organs. The hypothesis for the study was that mineral oil, a saturated lipid, could be distinguished from unsaturated lipids such as animal fats. Frozen rabbit and sheep tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, oil‐red‐O, and bromide‐silver nitrate. Twenty‐eight positive control rabbits were injected with mineral oil and 12 negative control rabbits were injected with saline into the paravertebral muscle and synovial cavity of the knee joint. Comparative analysis of tissue was conducted after 1, 3, 5, and 12 weeks. Thermally cleaned porous coated implants were implanted for 6, 12, and 24 weeks into cancellous bone of the distal femur of sheep to allow for a weight‐bearing model. The comparative histological analysis of the positive control rabbit tissue allowed for detection of mineral oil in all tissues examined. Histological analysis of sheep tissue and saline‐injected rabbit tissue showed no evidence of mineral oil or adverse tissue response. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 130–138, 2004
Hard‐tissue‐engineered zirconia porous scaffolds with hydroxyapatite sol–gel and slurry coatings
Authors: Kim Hae‐Won , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA zirconia (ZrO2) porous scaffold was coated with a gradient apatite layer to induce osteoconductivity with the use of a combination of sol–gel and powder slurry methods. The ZrO2 was used to impart mechanical strength and the apatite layer was coated for functional biocompatibility. The coating layer, from the outside in, was composed of sol–gel hydroxyapatite (HA)/slurry HA/slurry FA. The sol–gel coating powder had a lower crystallinity than the slurry coating powder. The sol–gel HA coating over the HA/FA slurry coating layer made the surface very smooth. The sol–gel coating over the slurry coating layer enhanced the bonding strength up to 33 MPa. The dissolution rate of the sol–gel/slurry coating layer was much higher than that of the slurry coating. Moreover, the rate could be controlled by altering the heat‐treatment temperature of the sol–gel HA layer. The MG63 cells cultured on these materials grew and spread in a different manner, depending on the coating layer. However, the proliferation rates of the cells on both coating systems were not much different. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 70B: 270–277, 2004
Sphingosine 1‐phosphate and its G protein‐coupled receptors constitute a multifunctional immunoregulatory system
Authors: Goetzl Edward J. , Wang Wengang , McGiffert Christine , Huang Mei‐Chuan , Gräler Markus H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe lysophospholipid growth factors sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are generated by many cells involved in immunity, including macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and platelets, with resultant lymph and plasma concentrations of 0.1–1 μM. All immune cells express distinctive profiles of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) for S1P and LPA, which are regulated developmentally and by cellular activation. For T‐cells, constitutive S1P signaling through their principal S1P1 GPCR inhibits chemotactic responses to chemokines, with lesser suppression of proliferation and cytokine production. These S1P‐S1P1 GPCR signals tonically reduce T‐cell chemotactic sensitivity to chemokines and thereby limit homing of blood and spleen T‐cells to secondary lymphoid tissues. S1P1 GPCR antagonists evoke lymphopenia by permitting blood T‐cells to enter lymph nodes and blocking S1P1 GPCR‐dependent T‐cell efflux from lymph nodes. Inversely, there is a longer than normal persistance in blood and a decrease in lymphoid transit time for T‐cells overexpressing transgenic S1P1 GPCRs. The immunotherapeutic potential of S1P1 GPCR antagonists derives from their capacity to limit T‐cell access to organ grafts and autoimmune antigens without reducing their other intrinsic functional capabilities. Lysophospholipids and their GPCRs thus constitute an immunoregulatory system of sufficient prominence for pharmacological targeting in transplantation, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of patient sex, clinician sex, and sex role on the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder: Models of underpathologizing and overpathologizing biases
Authors: Crosby Jeremy Paul , Sprock June 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study examined the influence of patient sex and clinician sex and sex role for a case, meeting minimum diagnostic criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder, in which patient sex was varied. The purpose was to provide an in‐depth evaluation of the process by which patient sex and characteristics of clinicians may contribute to bias in personality disorder diagnoses. Psychologists (N = 167) read two cases, including the target case, and provided symptom ratings and diagnoses. A sex‐unspecified condition served as a baseline to assess for over‐ and underpathologizing bias, and diagnoses based on the symptom ratings were compared to assigned diagnoses. Clinician sex role was assessed using the Bem Sex Role Inventory‐Short Form. Results revealed that bias occurred when the patient's sex (female) was inconsistent with the gender weighting of the symptoms in the case (masculine), but the direction of the bias was consistent with sex roles (underdiagnosis of sex‐role‐inconsistent diagnoses, overdiagnosis of sex‐role‐consistent diagnoses). Path models of over‐ and underdiagnostic bias were developed using structural equation modeling. Patient sex had a direct effect on diagnostic ratings whereas clinician sex role had an indirect effect through symptom ratings. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.
A new instrument to assess participant motivation for involvement in preventive interventions
Authors: Allart‐van Dam Esther , Hosman Clemens M.H. , Keijsers Ger P.J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe Nijmegen Motivation List for Prevention (NML‐P) is a new instrument to assess the motivation of participants for involvement in preventive group interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore the underlying dimensions of the NML‐P and the predictive potential of the instrument for those participating in a psychoeducational preventive group intervention for depression: the Coping with Depression course. Principal component analyses revealed four components: readiness to participate, social support, doubt, and burden. Preliminary prediction analyses showed doubt, support, and burden to be related to the outcome of the depression prevention intervention. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.