bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Lord Spencer repaid the kindnesses done him in Chile. —Brazil —The first steamship to reach Rio deJaneiro— What people thought if steamships in those days—Slavery. — Brazil S achievement if independence—The famous writer Maria Graham. —The earthquake if I822. —O’Higgins— National holidays. — Chile in I824—A remarkable proclamation by General Luis Aury— Camilo Henriquez’s views on immi”gration.
Authors: Rosales Vicente Pérez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Though in 1810 Chile was called a kingdom, it really resembled a farm rented to a bad tenant less concerned with the future of the property than with his own profit; and only on the day it came once more into the hands of its rightful owners could it begin to enjoy the benefits that always flow from direct contact with the civilized world after a time
My arrival in Chile.— The newcomer.— The apprentice rancher.—The distiller.— Why our factories fail.—The shopkeeper.—The physician.—My debut as a journalist.— Consequences of sudden wealth. Tobacco and cattle smuggling in the Andes.— Cast your bread upon the waters.
Authors: Rosales Vicente Pérez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If in our day our proud Valparaiso seems so depressing and even repulsive to the new arrival from Europe who has not yet come to know it, imagine the impression it made in 1830, with its unkempt gullies, its hovels defying the waves on the paltry bit of terra firma that lay between the sea and the hills, a few ships riding at anchor in the bay, and that endless street or country road lined by a motley collection of huts and shacks and leading from what they called the port to the foot of the famous old Polanco grade A foreigner, for whom America meant primeval forests, palm groves, flocks of screeching cockatoos, and gold for the taking, would cross hill after
Revolutions.—Santa Cruz’s War.—An execution in Curic6.— The price of traveling without a passport. — The risks of lying, even if opportunely.—] dodge San Carlos and flee to La Rioja.—Natural riches between San Carlos and Famatina. —Mummies. —Fossils.—Chilecito de Famatina. —Trade with Chile.— Cattle prices. —Tobacco and tobacco smuggling. — Erroneous view of the Andes as a single chain of mountains. — The geographer Napp’s mistakes concerning the base and eleva—tion of the Andes. —The rewards of painting saints. —My disastrous return to Chile.
Authors: Rosales Vicente Pérez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The peoples of America would have been untrue to the ideals that led them to face the vicissitudes of the bloody struggle leading to their political emancipation if they had remained static after smashing the Spanish yoke.
One of the partners goes to San Francisco. — The city of Sacramento. —I save Alvarez from being hanged —Food poisoning in Sacramento. — Stockton. — San Francisco.— The ups and downs ofbusiness life in San Francisco. — The feverish activity of its inhabitants.—Ajudge judged by a criminal. — Causes of the bad feelings between Yankees and Chileans. —Brannan’s timely intervention. “Expulsion of the Chileans from the gold fields. —My hasty return in search of my brothers.
Authors: Rosales Vicente Pérez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Spring was coming in all its splendor, embroidering the green fields of glorious California with its fair flowers, when we decided that one of us should go to town, both to pay off our debts and to pick up let ters from the devoted mother who in Chile was weeping for the absence of her sons.
The Country And The City King Curtis And The Structure Of Black Urbanity
Authors: Meisel Perry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us turn to another site in the West, some seventy years after Wilde’s visit to Colorado. The time is September 1958; the place, a recording studio in Clovis, New Mexico. There is a cowboy and there is a dandy. One is Buddy Holly, singing a tune called “Reminiscing”; the other is “King” Curtis Ousley, tenor saxophonist from New York and inventor of yakety sax, joining Buddy for the recording session. A tight, foxy oompah tune written by Curtis (it was released under Holly’s name only posthumously, in August of 1962), “Reminiscing” requires an almost electric crispness from the horn, and Curtis discovers a yakety way to deliver it with a remarkable and surprising freshness, very different from the honkheavy repetitions of early rock and roll sax, and a style formalized by Curtis’s lead horn on the Coasters’ hit single “Yakety Yak” earlier in the same year. To say that Curtis dresses up Buddy’s sound (as he did the sound of so many artists, including that of Aretha Franklin, the Shirelles, and Wilson Pickett) is an apt and historically exact metaphor to use to describe both the tune and the larger genesis of Curtis’s horn.
The Psychedelic Sublime
Authors: Meisel Perry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us cast our gaze across the Atlantic, back to England.
It is just after the French Revolution, and not long after the loss of the American colonies. Aristocracy is besieged. Its indifference is beginning to fail as a style, or at least to be an inappropriate response given the pressures of the age. It needs a prop, and finds it in the figure of George “Beau” Brummell, the first famous dandy. A ceremonial military officer attached to the court of George III and a favorite of the Prince of Wales, Brummell retired from his regiment in 1798 and took a house in London, spreading the influence of his languid manner and affected and elegant mode of dress until debts ruined him in 1816. Ellen Moers, in her classic study The Dandy: From Brummell to Beerbohm (1960), traces the roots of the term dandy to a song that handsomely uniformed British soldiers sang about the ragtag American troops during the Revolutionary War (1960, n-13). Everyone knows the song-”Yankee Doodle Dandy.” The term is thus “an ambiguous symbol” (13), as Moers puts it, since it blurred the line between who was who at the very moment that the dandy British trooper aimed it, with presumable contempt, at his American counterpart.
“I Second That Emotion”
Authors: Meisel Perry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As rhythm and blues develops into the premier mode of blues tradition in the late Fifties, Sixties, and Seventies, the dominant singers of each of these eras refine our paradigm with extraordinary precision. Otis Redding’s rapacious voice, for example, explores the endless postures appropriate to the band driving it from behind, amazing us with the multiplicity of stances and tonalities through which it can flash, each of which has a stable tie to the sharp horns and deep rhythm section of Booker T. Jones’s Stax studio ensemble. Voice, horns, and rhythm section among them stage any series of dialogues or dialectics instead of fortifying a hierarchic relation between band and voice alone. The shouts remind us that this is indeed merely a person singing, even though their sheer percussiveness also takes away the very difference between voice and instruments that the shouting seems to advance. Like Armstrong, Redding crosses a dirty tone with legato phrasing, but, unlike Armstrong, he also needs the unabashed screams to reinvent Armstrong’s crossing from country to city, recovering the field holler that Armstrong himself absorbs. Redding crosses back again to the country from the city, reimagining blues tradition by virtue of the preacherly stance from which his vocal inflections also derive. He uses gospel to revise Armstrong, but he also uses Armstrong to revise gospel. Here Redding makes the structure of mature, achieved r & b or soul music altogether clear: the crossing of blues and gospel, like the crossing of blues with country, is another kind of trick played at or by the crossroads.
The Cowboy, The Dandy, And Willa Cather
Authors: Meisel Perry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Everyone knows that literary modernism is related to blues tradition, but no one knows just how. The common preoccupation with boundaries, however, gives us the clue we need as we cross over from the nineteenth to the twentieth century in our literary travels. Dominant culture’s customary estimation of the kinship between jazz and modern literature is well represented by the primitivism that both presumably share, a primitivism whose language and assumptions D. H. Lawrence, for example, makes abundantly clear in his reading of Freud in 1921. However unintentionally, Lawrence’s metaphor of “the darkness” (1921, 5) into which Freud the explorer descends links modern imagination with expansionism and colonialism, and links them both, as Lawrence’s American disciple Norman Mailer will go on to show in The White Negro (1957) and An American Dream (1965), to a negotiation with the savage energy assigned to blackness as though it were the eruption of pure natural force. Like nature in blues tradition, however, nature in modernism is more often the occasion for a meditation on form than the expression of a primitive state paradoxically-and problematically-represented by black culture and its achievements.
Miles Apart?
Authors: Meisel Perry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Miles Davis remains the consummate portrait of black urbanity that we have. His fiercely agonistic relation to Louis Armstrong structures his career and explains the relation of jazz modernism, whether bop or rock, to early jazz itself. If Armstrong crosses from country to city like a jazz Moses, then Davis’s reaction to all that Armstrong represents-the full, open tone, the exuberance, the primacy-is a crossing back, a revisionary, urban curtailment of the enthusiasm of the South. Here bop and rock and roll impulses join under the common banner of a jazz modernism that, in two very different ways, revises the country fullness of the whole history of jazz in its days of enthusiasm from Dixieland to swing. Davis’s controversial turn to a rock mode in the late 1960s is an entirely natural one, since it has in common with the bop mode of his youth the intervention by the city in the country’s presumption of knowing ways. Let us consider Davis’s relation to Armstrong before surveying the movement of his career.
The Three-Dimensional Carriers of Biological Information
Authors: Loewenstein Werner R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
he energy transmissions in the pathways nursing biomolecular synthesis usually wind up, as we have seen, with a 7.3 Kilocalorie puff from ATP. This energy package serves to weld together the amino-acid units of proteins and the nucleotide units of DNA and RNA, as well as the units in sugar and phospholipid molecules that abound in cells. However, this hardly fills the bill. Though the ATP package represents a significant amount of information, a lot more is needed to build those molecules up from their units. The units all must be in the right sequence and must have the right orientation before they can be welded together. The probability for these arrangements to arise spontaneously is extremely low; we would have to wait a very, very long time for any significant number of molecules to form. Biological molecules are not altogether unique in this regard. Most molecules on the earth’s surface have fairly stable electronic configurations-a sign of our Earth’s old age. Things just don’t go sizzling or exploding around us; most molecules are not very reactive. It is not that reactions cannot occur, but their probability is low. A potentially explosive mixture of H2 and02, for example, can stay for years at room temperature without appreciable reaction.
Syndromes Affecting Bone: Other Skeletal Dysplasias
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Reardon et al (1) described a brother and sister, the offspring of secondcousin Pakistani parents. At birth, short angulated lower limbs and forearms with dimpling of the overlying skin were noted, as well as cleft palate and microretrognathia.
Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes
Authors: Gorlin Robert J , Cohen M Michael , Hennekam Raoul C M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although Pollitzer (62) and Janovsky (44) described acanthosis nigricans (AN) in 1890, it was Pollitzer (63), in 1909, who made the first extensive study of cases previously reported and who emphasized the relationship of the skin disease to abdominal malignancy. During the next 85 years, over 1200 cases have been reported. Several excellent surveys (11,76) have been carried out, probably the greatest contributions being those of Curth and coworkers (19–23).
Realism and the Success of Science
Authors: Kukla Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The bedrock of the case for scientific realism is the argument from the success, of science. Most versions of the argument have the following structure:(SS1) The enterprise of science is (enormously) more successful than can be accounted for by chance. (SS2) The only (or best) explanation for this success is the truth (or approximate truth) of scientific theories. (SS3) Therefore, we should be scientific realists. I’ll refer to this argument schema as SS. The canonical version of SS is Putnam’s (1975a), according to which the success of science (SS1) would be a “miracle” if scientific theories were not true. To say this is to claim that theoretical truth is the only available explanation for the success of science. Putnam’s version is therefore a particularly fragile form of the argument: the formulation of a single coherent alternative explanation would be enough to block the conclusion. A more robust argument is that we should be realists because theoretical truth (or approximate truth) is the best explanation for the success of science. By the “success of science”, I mean that our scientific theories enable us to make significantly more correct predictions than we could make without them. This formulation is more circumscribed than, but roughly consistent with, Laudan’s broadly pragmatic characterization: A theory is successful provided that it makes substantially correct predictions, that it leads to efficacious interventions in the natural order, or that it passes a suitable battery of standard tests. (1984b, 109). There’s nothing of central significance in this chapter that hinges on the differences between these two formulations.
The Theory-Observation Distinction II Van Fraassen’s Distinction
Authors: Kukla Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Van Fraassen never expected any aid or comfort from Fodor-style distinctions. His discussion begins with the assumption that the Kuhnian model is correct: All our language is thoroughly theory-infected. If we could cleanse our language of theory-laden terms, beginning with the recently introduced ones like “VHF receiver”, continuing through “mass” and “impulse” to “element” and so on into the prehistory of language formation, we would end up with nothing useful.
Realism and Epistemology
Authors: Kukla Andre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The history of antirealism in the twentieth century exhibits a pattern of progressive attenuation, wherein each version of the doctrine lays claim to strictly less than its predecessor. Van Fraassen’s 1980 brand of antirealism-“constructive empiricism” - already represents a retreat from the bold claims of the positivists. Constructive empiricists concede that statements about theoretical entities can’t be reduced to statements about actual or possible observations and that such statements are nevertheless true or false. In the terminology introduced in chapter 1, they’re both antireductionists and semantic realists. What marks constructive empiricism as a brand of antirealism is the epistemic claim that we’re never warranted in believing more of a theory than that it’s empirically adequate. Strictly speaking, the view that theories have truth-values isn’t logically weaker than the positivists’ assertion that theories don’t have truth-values. But it’s clear that van Fraassen doesn’t need semantic realism to establish what he wants to say about science. If it were shown that theories are not true or false, he would be able to greet the news with equanimity. Indeed, it would lighten his argumentative burden.
An Alternative Mechanism For The Formation of Split Patterns of Y’ Precipitates In Ni-Al Alloys
Authors: Banerjee D , Banerjee R , Wang, Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Computer modeling is playing an increasingly important role in our fundamental understanding of the mechanisms underlying microstructure development which is of key importance to materials design. In recent years, many advaced simulation techniques have been developed to simulate and predict the formation and dynamic evolution of complex microstructural patterns in different material systems during various material processes.
Structural Correla Tions and Stress Distribution at Silicon I Silicon Nitride Interface
Authors: Bachlechner Martina E , Omeltchenko Andrey , Tsuruta Kenji , Nakano Aiichiro , Kaua Rajiv K , Vashishta Priya , Ebbsjö Ingvar , Madhukar Anupam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With increasing packing density in the VLSI stresses induced by pixellation, thermal and lattice mismatch become increasingly significant [9]. These spatially inhomogeneous stresses are known to generate defects and may affect electronic properties of devices. Therefore understanding stresses and strains in various nanostructures is of central importance for the design of nanoscale devices. The issue of lattice mismatch induced stresses has been addressed using linear elasticity finiteelement calculations [10). However, this continuum approach fails to account for many intrinsically atomistic effects, and it has been argued that atomistic molecular dynamics simulations should provide better description of stress in nanostructures[11]. In fact, recent advances in parallel computing make it possible to simulate systems containing millions of atoms and thus approach the realistic length scales.
Ab Initio Calculations of Interfaces in MateRials: Grain Boundaries in SiC and SiC/Al InterFaces
Authors: Kohyama Masanori , Hoekstra John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is well known that the properties of ceramics as high-temperature materials are strongly influenced by internal interfaces such as grain boundaries. And it is necessary to form interfaces between ceramics and metals in their practical applications. Thus it is of great importance to investigate grain boundaries in ceramics and metal/ceramic interfaces, where an understanding of atomic bonding is essential. Currently, by virtue of the development of the first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) method [1-5], it is possible to apply ab initio calculations based on the density-functional theory [6,7] to such complex systems.
Band-Theoretical Approach to the Superionic Conductivity of Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Kikuchi Hideaki , Iyetomi Hiroshi , Hasegawa Akira 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Solid electrolytes, also called superionic conductors, are fascinating ionic compounds which have characteristics intermediate between crystalline and molten states [l-5]: one of the ionic species forms a stable, thermally vibrating lattice, while the oppositely charged species migrate in the sublattice. Such materials exhibit ionic conductivities comparable to those of the electrolyte solutions well below the melting temperatures. The solid electrolytes have thus attracted a number of researchers with not only academic but also technological interests.
Collaborative Virtual Reality Environments for Computational Science and Design
Authors: Papka Michael E , Stevens Rick , Szymanski Matthew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are developing a networked, multi-user, virtual-reality-based collaborative environment coupled to one or more petaFLOPs computers, enabling the interactive simulation of atom systems. The purpose of this work is to explore the requirements for this coupling. Through the design, development, and testing of such systems, we hope to gain knowledge that will allow computational scientists to discover and analyze their results more quickly and in a more intuitive manner.
Issues Involving Structural Stabilities In Multilayered Materials and Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Fraser H L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traditionally, most materials, but especially those for high temperature applications, have been developed using the experimental “matrix test” method. This has involved the selection of a number of trial compositions and a matrix of mechanical tests to which the given alloys would be subjected. An evaluation of the results would lead to a down-selection of compositions, and a further matrix of tests, and the process would be repeated. Eventually, there is a possibility that an improved material would result. The costs involved in undertaking these large numbers of tests are prohibitive. For commercial applications, particularly those involving high performance, new materials resulting from this matrix method must be developed to a significant degree of maturity prior to being introduced in components. Traditionally, this maturation of materials has been effected by use in military hardware such that the associated costs have been borne largely by the Government.
Failure of Herring’s Sintering Law at the Nanoscale
Authors: Zeng Pei , Clapp Philip C , Rifkin Jon A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Herring’s original paper’ on the effect of change of scale on sintering phenomena, he considered two partially sintered clusters that were geometrically similar, the linear dimensions of the second being A times that of the first. The question he posed was how was the time At, required to produce a given change in shape of the first cluster related to the time At2 required to produce a geometrically similar shape in the second (at the same temperature). To answer this question he postulated that in the absence of externally applied stresses the sintering would be primarily driven by surface tension, or the reduction in surface energy, and that the change in shape would be a continuous process that did not require discrete nucleation events.
Genetic Counseling in an Expanding Social Context
Authors: Weil Jon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Genetic counseling occurs within and contributes to a rapidly changing world. Genetic concepts, information, and techniques have increasing importance in medicine, public health, and reproduction. There is a growing emphasis on the demonstrated or presumptive genetic contribution to a wide range of human characteristics and behaviors, including such common sources of concern as obesity, depression, and attention deficit disorder. The Human Genome Project exemplifies government and social commitment to pursuing information about the nature and role of human heredity. Yet this growing body of knowledge, when coupled with developments in genetic screening and testing, reproductive technologies, the genetic engineering of agricultural organisms, and the cloning of mammals, has raised profound ethical and existential concerns. Some individuals have deep reservations about and resistance to these rapid changes and the expansion of scientific and technological control into new domains of life.
Detailed consideration of the broad range of medical, social, ethical, legal, and practical issues raised by these developments lies beyond the scope of this book. However, I do choose to address the relevant issues from two perspectives. The first involves the research and interpretations of sociologists and other social analysts concerning genetic screening, testing, and prenatal diagnosis as they relate to reproductive issues.