bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does radioiodine therapy have disadvantageous effects in non‐iodine accumulating differentiated thyroid carcinoma?
Authors: Schaap Jeroen , Eustatia‐Rutten Carmen F. A. , Stokkel Marcel , Links Thera P. , Diamant Michaela , Van Der Velde Edo A. , Romijn Johannes A. , Smit Jan W. A. 
Published: March 2003

Summarybackground Although radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma without radioiodine accumulation has not been considered harmful, increased thyrotrophin levels during thyroxine withdrawal without the benefit of radiotoxicity as well as the selection of de‐differentiated cells may have disadvantageous effects on tumour course.objective We therefore analysed retrospectively the effects of radioiodine therapy on the course of serum thyroglobulin levels as a tumour marker in patients with progressive residual or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma, with or without radioiodine accumulation on post‐therapeutic whole body scintigraphy.patients and methods Patients who had undergone radioiodine therapies with sufficient pre‐ and post‐therapy thyroglobulin measurements to allow for regression analysis and not preceded or followed by other treatment modalities within a 1‐year interval were selected. All patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and ablative therapy. Thirty‐nine patients and radioiodine therapies were included (10 males, 29 females, mean age 57 years), and divided into a negative‐ (n = 17) and a positive post‐therapeutic whole body scintigraphy group (n = 22). Pre‐ and post‐therapeutic thyroglobulin course were analysed using non‐linear regression, comparing the difference in the thyroglobulin growth coefficient b1 post‐ and pre‐therapy (delta b1: b1post‐therapy‐b1pre‐therapy). In addition, absolute post‐ and pre‐therapeutic thyroglobulin levels, radiological follow‐up and clinical outcome were also analysed.results The two groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, tumour stage, histology and prior therapies. Differences between post‐ and pre‐therapeutic b1 values differed significantly in the positive post‐therapeutic whole body scintigraphy group (delta b1: –0·65 µg/l−1 years−1, P < 0·001) but not in the negative post‐therapeutic whole body scintigraphy group (delta b1: –0·14). Absolute serum thyroglobulin levels and radiological follow‐up revealed a favourable response of radioiodine therapy in the positive whole body scintigraphy group but not in the negative group. Delta b1 was related significantly with clinical outcome as revealed by receiver operator curves (ROC): all patients with a positive delta b1 (n = 8) had an unfavourable outcome (progression or death), whereas from the 31 patients with negative delta b1, 61% had an unfavourable outcome.conclusion We did not find disadvantageous effects of a single radioiodine therapy on serum thyroglobulin increments in patients with negative post‐therapeutic whole body scintigraphy. However, as we did not observe a beneficial effect either, we would not advise the continuation of radioiodine therapy in patients with negative post‐therapeutic whole‐body scintigraphy, unless a positive response is observed in individual cases.
Impact of GHBP interference on estimates of GH and GH pharmacokinetics
Authors: Hansen Troels Krarup , Fisker Sanne , Hansen Betina , Sørensen Hans Holmegaard , Christiansen Jens Sandahl , Jørgensen Jens Otto L. , Ørskov Hans 
Published: March 2003

SummaryObjective Circulating GH‐binding protein (GHBP) may interfere with GH measurements in immunoassays by competing with the antibodies for ligands. The concentrations of circulating GHBP in humans are closely related to the amount of body fat, and subject to large interindividual differences.Subjects and Methods To assess the influence of GHBP in a widely used commercial immunometric GH kit (DELFIA, Wallac, Finland) we systematically tested the effects of varying GHBP concentrations and assay incubation times on GH estimates over a broad range of GH concentrations. We subsequently investigated the impact of 24‐h vs. 2‐h incubation on estimates of GH pharmacokinetics obtained from two‐step primed‐constant infusions of GH in a group of 26 healthy nonobese men [mean age 37·3 years (range 22–55); body mass index (BMI) = 24·6 ± 0·4 kg/m2].Results GHBP at physiological concentrations of 0·2, 0·5, 1·0, 2·0 nm reduced the GH estimates by as much as 40% at low GH concentrations. By increasing the incubation time from the recommended 2 h to 24 h the interference from GHBP was almost completely eliminated. The increase in measured GH using 24‐h vs. 2‐h incubation showed a strong positive correlation to the subjects’ GHBP levels (r = 0·66, P < 0·001). Consequently, the estimates of metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of GH at constant infusion rates of 1·5 µg/kg/h and 3·0 µg/kg/h were significantly reduced when using 24 h as opposed to 2 h incubation, and the changes were negatively correlated to the GHBP levels (r = −0·62, P < 0·001 and r =−0·54, P < 0·01, respectively). Furthermore, by reducing the interference of GHBP through 24‐h incubation, the previously observed positive correlations between MCR and not only the subjects’ GHBP levels but also with total body fat were reduced, while the positive correlation between baseline insulin concentrations and GH clearance was strengthened.Conclusions We conclude that differences in GHBP concentrations significantly influence GH measurements in this commercial immunoassay, and that interindividual differences in GHBP concentrations may interfere with the results in studies involving between‐subject comparisons of GH concentrations and pharmacokinetics. We believe the extended incubation time allows for better ‘extraction’ of GH bound to serum GHBP, and that this effect should be investigated, and if relevant, be exploited in other GH immunoassays.
Pulmonary venous blood flow pattern in patients with univentricular hearts following total cavo‐pulmonary connection
Authors: Rydberg  , Teien  , Karp  , Vermilion  , Ludomirsky  
Published: March 2003

The objective of the study was evaluation of the pulmonary venous blood flow (PVF) pattern and the influence of ventricular function and atrioventricular valve regurgitation on this flow in patients with univentricular hearts post total cavo‐pulmonary connection (TCPC). Transthoracic or transoesophageal echocardiographic studies were performed in 24 children with normal hearts (group A) and in 24 patients with univentricular hearts (group B). Ventricular function and atrioventricular valve regurgitation was semiquantitatively assessed. Systolic/diastolic maximal velocities and velocity time integrals (VTI) were measured from PVF tracings. Ejection fraction was measured by radionuclide angiography in 11 patients. Twelve patients underwent heart catheterization and angiography.In group B the PVF showed a biphasic flow velocity curve. The systolic integrals were smaller and the diastolic integrals were larger than in group A (6·4 vs. 13·0 cm, P = 0·0001, and 13·9 vs. 10·0 cm, P = 0·005). The pulmonary venous systolic flow fraction in 13 patients with an open fenestration and/or atrioventricular valve regurgitation grade 2–3 was significantly lower than in those 11 patients without fenestration and none/small regurgitation (0·19 vs. 0·40, P = 0·05).In conclusion, the PVF pattern in children with univentricular hearts palliated with TCPC is similar to the PVF pattern found in individuals with biventricular hearts showing a biphasic flow velocity curve despite the absence of pulsative pulmonary artery flow. The PVF in patients with TCPC‐palliated univentricular hearts is influenced by atrioventricular valve regurgitation and fenestration flow.
A comparative study of three variations of the learning vector quantizer in the discrimination of benign from malignant gastric cells
Authors: Karakitsos P. , Ioakim‐Liossi A. , Pouliakis A. , Botsoli‐Stergiou E. M. , Tzivras M. , Archimandritis A. , Kyrkou K. 
Published: March 2003

KARAKITSOS P., IOAKIM LIOSSI A., POULIAKIS A., BOTSOLI‐STERGIOU E. M., TZIVRAS M., ARCHIMANDRITIS A. AND KYRKOU K. (1998)Cytopathology9,114–125A comparative study of three variations of the learning vector quantizer in the discrimination of benign from malignant gastric cellsA prospective study was undertaken to investigate the potential value of morphometry and artificial neural networks (ANN) for the discrimination of benign and malignant gastric lesions. Two thousand five hundred cells from 23 cases of cancer, 19 cases of gastritis and 58 cases of ulcer were selected as a training set, and an additional 8524 cells from an equal number of cases of cancer, gastritis and ulcer were used as a test set. Images of routine processed gastric smears stained by the Papanicolaou technique were processed by a custom image analysis system. The application of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) classifier enabled correct classification of > 97% of benign cells and > 95% of malignant cells, obtaining an overall accuracy of > 97%. This study presents the capabilities of ANN, and also indicates that ANN and image morphometry may offer useful information on the potential of malignancy in gastric cells.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the diagnosis of recurrent soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: TROVIK C. S. , BAUER H. C. F. , BROSJÖ O. , SKOOG L. , SÖDERLUND V. 
Published: March 2003

trovik c. s., bauer h. c. f., brosjö o., skoog l. and söderlund v. (1998) Cytopathology9, 320–328Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in the diagnosis of recurrent soft tissue sarcomaWe have used FNA cytology to diagnose suspected local recurrences of soft tissue sarcoma. Since 1991, a total of 95 FNA cytologies were performed on 86 patients. There were 47 local recurrences, of which 44 were diagnosed correctly by FNA cytology; one biopsy was inconclusive, and two lesions were incorrectly assessed as benign. Thirty‐nine patients proved to have benign lesions in the scar area examined cytologically on 50 occasions. None of the specimens was regarded as malignant, but in four cases FNA cytology was inconclusive. Overall, there were 5% inconclusive cytological biopsies, 0% falsely malignant and 5% falsely benign. The inconclusive and false‐negative cytological diagnoses had no important clinical consequences. FNA biopsy provides a simple means of diagnosing local recurrence of soft tissue sarcoma.
The use of the PAPNET automated cytological screening system for the diagnosis of oral squamous carcinoma
Authors: LEVINE  , NJEMENZE  , COWPE†  , COLEMAN  
Published: March 2003

levine t. s., njemenze v., cowpe j. g. and coleman d. v. (1998) Cytopathology9, 398–405The use of the PAPNET automated cytological screening system for the diagnosis of oral squamous carcinomaThe automated PAPNET screening system has been developed to recognize abnormal cells in cervical smears. Given that the oral mucosa sheds cells resembling superficial and intermediate cells of the cervix, the aim of this study was to assess whether the PAPNET system could be used to detect dysplastic cells in oral mucosal smears. Sixty‐two oral smears from 27 patients were examined by both light microscopy and using the PAPNET system from clinically abnormal and normal areas by two pathologists. The clinically abnormal sites were also biopsied for histological analysis. There was 100% correlation between the manual and PAPNET screening results. Cytological interpretation of oral smears by both manual and PAPNET screening methods correctly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma in 14/23 (61%) of patients who had all been confirmed by biopsy. The nine patients with false‐negative cases could be attributed to poor smear technique and preparation. The PAPNET system can be used to identify abnormal cells in oral smears and, as such, may have an application for screening those populations at high risk of oral cancer—provided that adequate tuition is given in smear technique.
The sensitivity of rapid (partial) review of cervical smears
Authors: Shield P. W. , Cox N. C. 
Published: March 2003

SHIELD P. W. AND COX N. C. (1998) Cytopathology9, 84–92The sensitivity of rapid (partial) review of cervical smearsRapid review involves a daily rapid (e.g. 30 s) review of all smears not normally double‐screened. It has been suggested that the method may increase the sensitivity of cervical cytology by identifying abnormalities not reported on initial screening, true false negatives (TFN). Rapid screening is reported to have high sensitivity for cervical neoplasia when used as a preview tool. To be effective, however, in a review mode it must be able to detect TFN. Several studies have found that many TFN result from factors such as low numbers of abnormal cells or subtle expression of diagnostic criteria. Studies on the sensitivity of rapid screening for detecting TFN would therefore provide a more reliable estimate of its value as a review tool. The sensitivity of rapid re‐screening was evaluated using a test set of 200 cases. Each of 15 screeners rapidly reviewed (30 s partial screen) the set over a 2‐week period. The set consisted of 129 normal, 28 low‐grade squamous lesions (CIN I), 37 high‐grade lesions (CIN II, III and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)) and six invasive carcinomas. The abnormals included 20 TFN cases. The median sensitivity for abnormalities was 62%. Rapid review was more sensitive for CIN II and CIN III (67%) and invasive carcinoma (66.7%) than for CIN I (53%). Great variation was apparent in the sensitivity for individual screeners, with a range of 41–86% for all abnormalities. The sensitivity for TFN cases varied even more (10–75%, median 35%) and for most screeners was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than for cases which were detected on initial screen (53–90%, median 70.6%). Following this trial rapid review was used routinely for a period of 3 months. In this time 11 413 cases were rapidly reviewed. This led to the full review of 415 slides (3.5%) and the identification of 16 cases of undetected CIN (12 CIN I, three CIN II, one CIN III). Based on current estimates of our laboratory false‐negative rate this represents between a quarter and half of the TFN cases of CIN that probably occurred in this period. In conclusion, rapid screening is likely to be significantly less sensitive when used in a review rather than a preview mode. In routine practice the method requires a daily commitment of screener time, but does provide a higher yield of TFN smears than does random review, and allows amendment of these results prior to reporting.
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) in HIV+ patients: results from a series of 655 aspirates
Authors: Ellison E. , Lapuerta P. , Martin S. E. 
Published: March 2003

ellison e., lapuerta p. and martin s. e. (1998) Cytopathology9, 222–229Fine needle aspiration (FNA) in HIV+ patients: results from a series of 655 aspiratesThere are many selected small series or case reports of FNAs in patients with HIV infection, but large series are rare and the epidemic's characteristics have evolved over time. The current study, from a large public hospital in the USA, included women as well as men, hetero‐ and homosexuals, in‐patients and out‐patients, and deep radiologically guided aspirates as well as superficial masses. Of 655 FNAs, reactive or benign changes were present in 37%, confirmed or suspected malignancy in 13%, speciwc infection with stainable organisms in 14%, and inflammation in 16%. Twenty percent of cases were inadequate for diagnosis. Most of the identiwable infections were associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with fewer atypical mycobacteria, fungi and other bacteria. Clinically signiwcant diagnoses were correlated with deep aspirate location and lesion size > 2 cm, conwrming other studies which also identiwed tenderness and recent enlargement as important indicators. The liberal use of FNA in our HIV+ population has greatly reduced the necessity for surgical nodal resection, reassured clinicians in continuing observation of reactive lymphadenopathy, and allowed immediate therapy for speciwc infection, cyst or malignancy.
Nuclear grooves in intermediate cells in cervical smears
Authors: Gupta S. , Sodhani P. 
Published: March 2003

Nuclear grooves in intermediate cells in cervical smearsOne thousand cervical smears from women who took part in a hospital‐based screening programme for early detection of cervical cancer were studied for the presence of nuclear grooves. Grooved nuclei were frequently detected in intermediate cells in all phases of the menstrual cycle, although their frequency of occurrence was slightly lower in the luteal and premenstrual phases. The mean number of nuclear grooves varied from 3.6 to 4.2 in different phases of the menstrual cycle. The differences, however, were not statistically significant. The presence of nuclear grooves in cervical cells appears to be a non‐specific finding at present.
A morphometric analysis of cytological features of tall cell variant and classical papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Dina R. , Capitanio A. , Damiani S. 
Published: March 2003

A morphometric analysis of cytological features of tall cell variant and classical papillary carcinoma of the thyroidIn order to assess whether morphometric parameters could be of value in distinguishing between tall cell variant and classical pattern of thyroid papillary carcinoma, the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples of 14 cases were analysed using Arcimage 5 software on an Acorn computer. Histological examination of the specimens allowed classification of nine of them as classical pattern and the remaining five as tall cell variants. The nuclear diameter (NDD) and standard deviation distribution (NDSDD), the nuclear area (NAD) and standard deviation distribution (NASDD), and the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (NCR) were assessed on May‐Grunwald‐Giemsa stained smears. Statistical analysis was performed by use of one‐way analysis of variance (anova) of the two groups as identified by histology. Whilst NDD (P= 0.007), NAD (P= 0.015) and NADSD (P= 0.026) all appeared statistically significant, NDSDD (P= 0.06) and NCR (P= 0.71) were not. The cytological diagnosis of papillary carcinoma is established and reproducible, but morphometric data on the thyroid have so far focused on the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant nodules. The choice of simple morphometric parameters appears to be helpful in the preoperative distinction between the classical pattern and tall cell variant of papillary carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with squamous cell carcinoma: a 12‐year study in Southampton and South‐west Hampshire
Authors: Herbert A. , Singh N. , Smith J. A. E. 
Published: March 2003

Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with squamous cell carcinoma: a 12‐year study in Southampton and South‐west Hampshire In a 12‐year study of the population of Southampton and South‐west Hampshire (SSWH), there was no rise or fall in the incidence of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix, although the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma fell from 14 to 7.2 per 100 000 women years and the overall fall in age‐adjusted incidence of cervical carcinoma was commensurate with that of England and Wales. The majority (59%) of adenocarcinomas were seen in women aged less than 50, supporting the concept of a higher risk in young women. Screen‐detected carcinomas accounted for 50% of adenocarcinomas and 41% of squamous cell carcinomas in women aged 20–64 (the difference was not significant). There were more screen‐detected adenocarcinomas of less than 3 mm depth of invasion and 7 mm lateral extension during the third period of the study (1991–1993). The results are consistent with reports of an increased risk of cervical cancer in women born since 1940, and lesser effectiveness of screening in preventing adenocarcinoma compared with squamous cell carcinoma. High prevalence of early screen‐detected carcinomas may have been a factor in recent reports of increased incidence of adenocarcinoma.
Performance of cytology and colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women
Authors: Branca M. , Rossi E. , Alderisio M. , Migliore G. , Morosini P. L. , Vecchione A. , Sopracordevole F. , Mudu P. , Leoncini L. , Syrjänen K. 
Published: March 2003

Performance of cytology and colposcopy in diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women As part of an extensive multi‐institutional DIANAIDS‐HIV‐HPV‐SIL project run in Italy (co‐ordinated by ISS), the present study compares the performance (sensitivity, specificity, agreement) of routine cervical smear cytology with that of colposcopy in the detection of histologically‐confirmed CIN lesions in 37 HIV‐positive and 21 HIV‐negative women, belonging to the DIANAIDS cohort of 459 women. All women were subjected to a cervical smear, colposcopy and biopsy, making possible the pairwise comparison of these techniques. In the whole series of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women, cytology had a sensitivity of 86.9% and specificity of 83.3%, the sensitivity of grade 2 abnormality on colposcopy against histology being 82.6% and specificity, 33.3%. No statistically significant difference was observed in the performance of Pap smears between the HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women. The sensitivity of cytology was 89.7% vs 82.4% and the specificity, 75% vs 100%. For colposcopy, the sensitivity was 79.3% vs 88.2% and the specificity, 75% vs 50%. These data suggest that cervical Pap smear cytology is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool in the clinical monitoring of lower genital tract pathology in HIV‐positive women. Colposcopy, on the other hand, proved to be a somewhat less accurate diagnostic tool in these women.
Cellular characteristics of nipple aspiration fluid during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women
Authors: Mitchell G. , Trott P. A. , Morris L. , Coleman N. , Sauter E. , Eeles R. A. 
Published: March 2003

Cellular characteristics of nipple aspiration fluid during the menstrual cycle in healthy premenopausal women Fifteen healthy premenopausal female volunteers underwent weekly nipple aspiration of ductal fluid from both breasts during two menstrual cycles to investigate the variability of the cellular profile of the ductal fluid. Ductal fluid was successfully obtained using breast massage and nipple‐areolar suction from 247/280 (89%) breasts. 83% of samples available for cytological analysis were cellular and 30% of cellular aspirates contained ductal epithelial cells identified using standard morphological criteria. No significant variation in cell number or cell type was identified during the menstrual cycle. All samples tested had an ‘H’ score of zero for oestrogen receptor. Seven out of 14 women expressed the proliferation marker Mcm‐2 in the cells of at least one of the specimens, with no evidence of a menstrual cycle influence on expression. In conclusion, the cellular profile of breast ductal fluid did not vary consistently during the menstrual cycle, permitting future breast cancer screening studies incorporating serial nipple aspirations to be performed independent of the phase of the cycle.