bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secretaryship, 1649–1652
Authors: Parker William Riley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
UNCOMPREHENDED forces of gravity, released by an anonymous figure in a black mask, plunged England sharply into a Republic. All tradition, all precedent, all nerve-links with the reassuring past were severed with the royal head of Charles. The great crowd that had gathered outside Whitehall, eyes focused on the black-draped scaffold, greeted the falling axe with a universal and involuntary groan. It was the bleak afternoon of Tuesday, 30 January 1649.
Self-Defence, 1652–1656
Authors: Parker William Riley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
LIKE any other father, a blind man can take pride in the growth of a son. More than other fathers, surely, he feels helpless and crushed when a son falls ill and dies. Milton’s boy, the baby John, was fifteen months old when this happened. The tragedy struck about six weeks after the mother’s death. We do not know the exact date, or the cause. Long afterwards, Edward Phillips blamed ‘the ill-usage or bad constitution of an ill-chosen nurse’. If either was the case, there was reason for remorse as well as sorrow. A most pathetic aspect of the event is the fact that Milton himself did not know exactly when he lost his only son. After Mary’s death his children were almost certainly put under the care of Mrs. Powell or someone else, and were temporarily separated from their blind father.
Hellenistic Engraved Gems
Authors: Plantzos Dimitris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Engraved gems were used by the Greeks as seals and amulets, but were primarily valued as ornaments. Their iconography was drawn from a wide range of motifs and standard devices current in other art forms. In the Hellenistic period gem cutters remained faithful to the classical tradition, but were able to develop new subjects and styles. Portraits, especially of royalty, became the commonest subject in glyptic after Alexander, a practice that continued through the Roman period and was still popular with patrons and artists of the Renaissance and even later. This volume follows the development of gem engraving from Alexander's conquest of the East to the Augustan period. Hellenistic gems are studied in their archaeological and historical context: evidence on their use, significance, and value; questions of technique and style; and problems of chronology and distribution. Special sections have been devoted to patronage of gem-engravers and the relationship of gem-cutting with other miniaturist arts and coinage.
The Epistle of Sālim Ibn Dhakwān
Authors: Crone Patricia , Zimmermann Fritz 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The epistle ascribed to Salim Ibn Dhakwan is a tract against 'wrong' doctrines regarding the classification and treatment of opponents. Written by an Ibadi before AD 800 and taking issue with both Kharijite extremists and Murji'ites, it was brought to the attention of Western Islamicists in the early 1970s by Amr Khalifa Ennami, and is here edited, translated, and discussed in full for the first time. The early centuries of Islamic religious thought have become a dynamic field in the last few years, and there is renewed interest in the attempt to use the early literature of the Muslim sects as windows onto the wider scene of doctrinal discussion in the period before the mainstream tradition becomes plentiful. In addition to making available a new source, this study seeks to open up the Ibadi tradition for future research on early Islamic thought, partly by making heavy use of Ibadi sources in its interpretation of Salim's epistle and by partly by offering systematic information about the Ibadi figures and literary works involved in the appendices and bibliography.
Images of the Algerian War
Authors: Dine Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This is the first full-length survey in any language of the fiction and film generated in France by the Algerian war (1954-1962). Although part of a much wider process of decolonization, the conflict was so traumatic that it brought France to the verge of civil war and its memory continues to haunt French society today. Like America's experience in Vietnam, it has been understood as a paradigm of the collapse of Western certainties in the post-war period. Philip Dine's ground-breaking study examines the novels and films which deal with the war in an attempt to understand the lasting impact of the conflict. By locating texts within institutional and public discourses, it addresses issues of historical agency and ideological dissemination and casts light on the mechanics of literary mystification. Among the writers discussed are Camus, Etecherelli, Marie Cardinal, Genet, Millecam, Perec, and Jules Roy, and the book also explores the films of directors including Godard, Ophuls, Varda, Schoendorffer, Marker, Resnais, and Demy. All quotations in French are accompanied by English translations. Innovative and accessible, Images of the Algerian War will interest all teachers and students of the culture and politics of modern France, together with all those concerned with issues of decolonization.
Allegory, Sorcery, And Historical Rewriting: Moi, Tituba, Sorcière Noire De Salem
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I address Condé’s most widely-read and perhaps most ambitious work, a historical fiction which addresses ideas of origin, discontinuity, exile, and return, within a powerful allegorical framework provided by sorcery. Gayatri Spivak reminds us that ‘the general mode for the post-colonial is citation, re-inscription, rerouting the historical’.
Music and Merchants
Authors: Wilson Blake 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For all that has been written about Renaissance Florence, we know relatively little about its musical life, its religious life, and the aspirations of its average citizens. This book contributes significantly to an understanding of all of these by documenting and interpreting the corporate patronage of an important Florentine musical repertory over a period of some 200 years. From the late thirteenth to the early sixteenth centuries at least twelve lay confraternities sponsored a widespread musical activity involving a specialized network of singers and instrumentalists. The meticulous records kept by these companies reveal a wealth of information about the musicians' conditions and patterns of activity, the central role of music in the companies' vernacular liturgy (especially as conditioned by bequests), and vital performance practice issues such as the role of instruments in vocal performance, the shift from monophonic to polyphonic practice, and the interaction of written and unwritten musical traditions. Because the companies were, in many respects, both a microcosm and characteristic manifestation of this remarkable Renaissance city, the author also seeks to explain how mendicant spirituality, guild society, and devotional images and imagination provide the essential context for understanding the function and significance of laudesi practice and repertoire. This book will be welcomed not only by musicologists, but by It alianists and late medieval and early modern scholars in general.
Late Medieval Plainchant For The Divine Office
Authors: Hughes Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For seven hundred years, from the ninth to the sixteenth century, church musicians all over Europe were composing and adapting plainsong for the services of the Roman Catholic Church. This chapter deals only with the offices. The following paragraphs review the services and the genres within them, summarizing, with a few additional details, the excellent account of the standard repertory and its liturgical setting to be found in the second volume of the revised New Oxford History of Music. Rather than referring to, say, the third responsory of Matins, I shall use abbreviations established elsewhere. Within the liturgical day, the relevant services are: First Vespers, Matins, Lauds, Prime, Terce, Sext, None, Second Vespers, and Compline.
Music Theory Of The Fourteenth And Early Fifteenth Centuries
Authors: Herlinger Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The modern study of medieval music theory began with the collections of treatises published during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by Gerbert, La Fage, and Coussemaker. Though Gerbert and particularly Coussemaker (in contrast to La Fage, who generally presented his texts on the basis of single sources) were sometimes aware of multiple copies of the treatises they published, they were often unfortunate in choosing which sources to present, inaccurate in transcribing them, and haphazard in reporting variant readings. Though the contributions of these scholars have been and remain indispensable for students of medieval theory, it is only in the last fifty years that critical editions of medieval theoretical works have begun to appear in quantity. Even in these there is considerable variation in procedure and accuracy.
Music, Humanism, And The Idea Of A ‘Rebirth’ Of The Arts
Authors: Strohm Reinhard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The following contribution seeks to identify the beginnings of the idea of a musical ‘Renaissance’ by evaluating testimonies of fifteenth-century humanists and musicians. That European music experienced a ‘Renaissance’ comparable to that of literature and the other arts is a proposition both familiar and controversial. It will be argued here that this idea originated as a by-product of humanist reflections on the arts in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries; its anchorage in musical repertoires and discussions is more speculative. The earliest statements apparently suggesting a musical ‘renewal’, those of Martin Le Franc (c.1410–61) and Johannes Tinctoris (c.1435–1511), are well known.
Mozart’s ‘Haydn’ Quartets: An Evaluation of the Autographs and First Edition, with Particular Attention to mm. 125-42 of the Finale of K. 387
Authors: Seiffert Wolf-Dieter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Measures 125 42 of the last movement of Mozart’s String Quartet in G major K. 387 command special attention for two reasons. First, the composition of this passage, which occurs at the beginning of the development, caused Mozart problems: the four different autograph versions not only document his difficulties, but also provide a fascinating, and virtually unique, glimpse into the composer’s workshop. Second, these specific measures give rise to a significant and thorny editorial problem. Curiously enough, the first edition, published in 1785 and with the famous dedication to Haydn, supplies a fifth version that differs slightly from the four autograph versions.
Representing the Audience in the Age of Reform: Critics and the Elite at the Italian Opera in London
Authors: Hall-Witt Jennifer L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I examine what lay behind written representations of the listening habits of the elite audience for Italian opera in London from the 1820s to the 1850s. music critics and aristocrats witnessed many of the same operas, at the King’s Theatre in the Haymarket (renamed Her Majesty’s Theatre in 1837) and the Royal Italian Opera at Covent Garden, established in 1847.
Inventing Independence
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the austere lobby of a hotel in Kiev, time stops; the receptionists move from behind their counter, leaving telephones unanswered. A group of soldiers, garbed in the dark flannel grey of their Soviet past, file through the simple hotel doors to join them. Four heavy women, wearing white culinary caps, descend from the kitchen and quietly take their seats. All form a tight semicircle around the television set. No hero appears, no celebration of freedom. It is the hour of the soap opera, made in Mexico, dubbed into Russian, shipped by satellite, trans mitted from Moscow, watched in Ukraine. Here is a brief period of the ‘normal’; a moment of respite as the amalgam of life and representations of the public good turbulently change. After decades of Soviet domination, after centuries of Tsarist control, Ukraine has so long been a story about a country, not a country itself, that the task of finding the attributes of nationhood-flag, language, foreign relations, broadcasting policy-becomes a matter of complex and sophisticated articulation.
The Search for the Public Interest
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have focused on the transitions in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union because there has been, in them, a visible, often painful, coping with the problems of harmonizing national-identity concerns with democratic values. In addition, in these states, the process of building patterns of citizen participation has allowed examination of the role oflaw in constituting a public sphere. Though it is difficult to recognize, the United States, like these states, is a transition society. Revolutions in communications technologies, sea changes in the role of government, upheavals in the structure of the broadcast industry all these are characteristic of the American setting. True, the context is extraordinarily different from that of Central and Eastern Europe, but in the United States, as well, these changes produce their own crises in the operation of the democratic process.
Regulating Imagery
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To describe how society and the state purposely change the value and meaning of signs and signals is difficult: ‘censorship’ has a justifiably wicked connotation and propaganda does not suffice as a complement. A formula which claims merely that ‘more speech’ is an answer fits too easily into the lexicon of the First Amendment. An approach is necessary that describes more charitably the modes by which society evolves standards and establishes patterns limiting, channelling, and controlling imagery, as a matter of custom, if not of law.
Langlandian Reading Circles and the Civil Service in London and Dublin, 1380-1427
Authors: Kerby-Fulton Kathryn , Justice Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may measure the depth of our Weberian inheritance, or it may simply identify some deep element of our common ideology, that we assume, without needing to defend or usually to articulate the assumption, that bureaucrats may have a ‘culture’ only in the ethnographic (as opposed to the aesthetic or the ethical) sense. And it may measure some contemporary sense of art’s inconsequence that when we think ofliterary circles we think of coteries, of reading communities constituted by nothing other than a shared and exclusive knowingness about their own art. That art has no place in the administrative mechanisms of late capitalism and that it offers at most some fantasy of community are propositions we are not concerned to deny (or qualified to affirm). We want rather to suggest that these historical conditions of modern belief are, in fact, historical conditions, not eternal ones: that bureaucratic service in the English fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was a first home of the vernacular literary culture of Langland’s and Chaucer’s generation, and that the activities of those bureaucrats participating in it were substantially, not just accidentally, literary.
Lectures
Authors: Peterson William S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THIS section includes lectures, informal talks, testimony before committees, and the like. Betjeman delivered countless lectures and talks during his life, of which very few were published. (His own wry recollections of one such occasion are recorded in the poem ‘Reproof De- served, or After the Lecture’.) The ones listed here are those represented by a published transcription, a journalistic report, or a manuscript or typescript. I have no doubt there are many reports scattered about in provincial newspapers that I have not seen.
Unfinished Books
Authors: Peterson William S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BETJEMAN’S career was littered with un- fulfilled promises to publishers. This section is limited, however, to books for which a contract was written or for which a substantial amount of work was done. Unless otherwise indicated, the documents cited are found in the folders labelled ‘Contracts’ and ‘Publishing Agreements’ at the University of Victoria. ( Letters , i. 171). ¶related materials: Correspondence: uv/Chapman & Hall. — Two folders of correspondence, notes, photographs, etc.: uv.
In Search of a New Spanish Realism: Bardem’s Calle Mayor (1956)
Authors: Roberts Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CALLE MAYOR (1956), Juan Antonio Bardem’s story of a group of provincial louts (gamberros) who play a cruel joke upon a local spinster, had an eventful history. While it was being made, Bardem, a member of the clandestine Spanish Communist Party since 1943, a founder of the subversive film journal Objetivo, and an organizer of the 19 5 5 Salamanca Film Congress which had been highly critical of the Francoist cinema, was arrested and briefly imprisoned.1 The film itself was censored and an initial voice-over was added which attempted to take the sting out of the work’s critical portrayal of Spanish provincial life by claiming that the events depicted could in fact take place in any small town in any country in the world. Upon the film’s completion, it was smuggled out of Spain and, much to the Francoist authorities’ chagrin, was shown at the 19 5 6 Venice Mostra where it won the International Critics’ Prize.
Saura’s Los golfos (I959; Released I962): Heralding a New Cinema for the I960s
Authors: Delgado Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Carlos Saura (b. 1932) has produced one of the most varied and original bodies of work in the contemporary Spanish cinema. Over a period of forty years he has directed thirty-one full-length films, four short films, and a television adaptation of Jorge Luis Borges’s story ‘El sur’. Although he is perhaps best known in Britain for his more recent work, a series of flamenco musicals realized with a range of celebrated Spanish dancers including Antonio Gades and Cristina Hoyos, he was, during the 1960s and 1970s, Spain’s most successful international director. His lengthy collaboration with producer Elfas Querejeta gained both a series of international prizes, including Silver Bears at Berlin for La caza (1965) and Peppermint frappe (1967) and the Grand Jury Prize at Cannes for Cria cuervos (197 5 , and sufficient European distribution to ensure a conspicuous presence within the Spanish film community.
God, Gulliver, and Genocide
Authors: Rawson Claude 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We are obsessed with 'barbarians'. They are the 'not us', who don't speak our language, or 'any language', whom we depise, fear, invade and kill; for whom we feel compassion, or admiration, and an intense sexual interest; whose innocence or vigour we aspire to, and who have an extraordinary influence on the comportment, and even modes of dress, of our civilised metropolitan lives; whom we often outdo in the barbarism we impute to them; and whose suspected resemblance to us haunts our introspections and imaginings. They come in two overlapping categories, ethnic others and home-grown pariahs: conquered infidels and savages, the Irish, the poor, the Jews. This book looks afresh at how we have confronted the idea of 'barbarism', in ourselves and others, from 1492 to 1945, through the voices of many writers, chiefly Montaigne, Swift and, to a lesser extent, Shaw.
Ruskin, Oxford, and the British Labour Movement I880-I9I4
Authors: Goldman Lawrence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ruskin’s influence over the working class in Britain was at its most pronounced during the last years of his life. In the mid-188os Tom Mann ‘quoted Ruskin and Thorold Rogers more often than any other authorities’ in his speeches. At a ‘labour meeting’ in London in 1890, when John Burns relied on Ruskin’s authority for an answer to a query from the floor, his questioner demurred: he did not ‘want to know what Mr. Ruskin says. He has read him at home.’ In 1894, a survey of London public libraries revealed that Ruskin was ‘the most popular author who deals with political economy and sociology’. Five years later, an article in the labour press marking Ruskin’s eightieth birthday described him as ‘more widely read to-day by thoughtful men and women than any other writer.’ In a labour movement held together in the 1890s by ethical and spiritual commitment as well as by material interest, Ruskin, along with certain other ‘teachers and prophets of the nineteenth century’ as Keir Hardie called them in 1893—and his list included as well Carlyle, Mazzini, Whitman, Tennyson, and William Morris—was a guide and an inspiration. When two itinerant Americans, Walter Vrooman and Charles Beard, decided to found a college for the education of working men in Oxford in 1899, they named it Ruskin Hall.
Child Victims
Authors: Morgan Jane , Zedner Lucia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Child Victims explores the range and extent of crimes committed against children and assesses their impact. The testimony of over two hundred children gives voice, for the first time, to their experiences, their views, and their needs. It examines how children attain the status of `victims’ in the criminal justice system. Drawing on recent research findings, the authors examine each stage of the legal process that a child encounters, from the initial reporting of the offence, through police investigation, to the trial itself. They contrast the specialist response to victims of child sexual abuse with the experience of children who are victims of other crimes, thrust into an adult system which takes little account of their needs. Child Victims concludes by examining the role of support services and agencies dealing with child victims, and makes a number of key recommendations for future policy.
Commercial Aspects of Trusts and Fiduciary Obligations
Authors: McKendrick Ewan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The origins of this book lie in the first Oxford Law Colloquium held in St John's College, Oxford, on 12-13 September 1991, organized by the Faculty of Law of the University of Oxford and the Norton Rose M5 Group, a national association of seven major independent law firms. This, it is hoped, will be the first of many such bubble01ces run on a biennial basis. The aim of each conference will be to combine the specialist knowledge of both practising and academic lawyers on a selected subject, enabling the exploration of fundamental concepts, principles, and trends in particular fields of law of mutual interest and importance. The subject of this first conference - Commercial Aspects of Trusts and Fiduciary Obligations - was chosen for its considerable theoretical and practical importance, and the contributors amply demonstrate both the impact of the law of trusts and the law of fiduciaries upon such diverse subjects as company law and insolvency law and the continuing need for further discussion on the relationship between equity and commercial law. Contributors: Sir Peter Gibson, Sir Peter Millett, Paul Finn, Peter Graham, Jack Beatson, D.D. Prentice, Paul L. Davies, Klaus J. Hopt, Roy Goode, Peter Birks, Hamish Anderson, Harry Wiggin, Jeffrey Schoenblum.