bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytosanitary management of ICARDA’s germplasm seed collections for safe movement and better future use
Authors: Kumari Safaa G. , Kumar P. Lava , Moukahel Abdulrahman , El-Miziani Inaam 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Germplasm exchange from international genebanks and breeding programs is vital for successful crop improvement programs. More than 10,000 different accessions of wheat, barley, lentil, faba bean, chickpea, grasspea, and pasture and forage crops are distributed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) every year to around 70 countries. New accessions are added to the germplasm collections in the Center's genebank and utilized in the breeding programs. Recent years have witnessed an increasing global concern about the loss of plant genetic resources because of conflicts, human pandemic diseases, extreme weather events, pest and disease outbreaks, and natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, etc., which led to disrupting access to germplasm and undermining social protection systems. Safety duplication of germplasm collections held in genebanks in other institutions, including international, regional, and national genebanks, as well as the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (SGSV), is one of the essential measures to safeguard germplasm and also to replenish any lost accessions and resume use and distribution of seeds to users internationally. Germplasm distribution procedures are conducted per International Plant Protection Convention phytosanitary regulations to avoid the transboundary spread of seed-borne pests and pathogens. The ICARDA’s Seed Health Laboratory exercises maximum efforts to maintain the “phytosanitary clean” health status of germplasm during regeneration, conservation, distribution and ensure compliance with phytosanitary regulations in international germplasm distributions to guarantee minimum loss of genetic resources. These efforts include the development of new methods to detect and manage seed-borne pathogens. An increase in global awareness to preserve germplasm for current and future use is crucial to combat climate challenge, malnutrition, and food insecurity.
Effect of salinity stress and its potential application in enhancing phytochemical content of medicinal plants
Authors: Yan Lam Chi , Naharudin Nazatul Shima Binti , Tajidin Nor Elliza Binti , Kemat Nurashikin Binti 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Medicinal plants are considered as high-value crops, particularly in the medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. The phytochemical constituents found in medicinal plants that possess therapeutic effects have henceforth driven continuous demand for the manufacturing of healthcare products that include these compounds as the main ingredients. Various agronomic practices in the cultivation of medicinal plants aim to increase the yield and phytochemical content. A thorough review on the implication of salinity stress on the growth and yield of medicinal plants were provided. The increased level of phytochemicals as a common physiological response to salinity stress was reported in various species of medicinal plants. The potential application of a tolerable level of salinity in the cultivation of medicinal plants as a strategy to increase the production of phytochemical compounds is also highlighted.
Singlet-triplets and excited triplets in trapped medium-body systems with particle number 3 ≤ N ≤ 13 and with spin-4 cold atoms
Authors: Liu Y M , He Y Z , Bao C G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The spin-textures of trapped medium-body cold systems of spin-4 atoms with the interaction dominated by the attractive λ = 4 channel (the two interacting spins are coupled to 4) have been studied via an exact diagonalization of the spin-dependent Hamiltonian under the single spatial mode approximation. Particle number N (3 ≤ N ≤ 13) is assumed. The eigenstates have been analyzed to find out the details of spin-structures and the inherent excitation modes, and the relation between all of them. The emphasis is to find out how the spectra depend on N. We found that the singlet-triplets (a 3-body subsystem where the three spins are coupled to zero) and various excited triplets are basic constituents and all the eigenstates are composed of them. For low-lying states, only a few particles are involved in the excitation modes, while the other particles would 3-by-3 keep themselves in singlet-triplets.
Critical current of a layered high-temperature superconductor with artificial pinning centers: the Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Maksimova A N , Moroz A N , Rudnev I A , Pokrovskii S V , Kashurnikov V A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Current–voltage characteristics (EJ curves) and magnetic field dependences of the critical current have been calculated for a superconductor with artificial pinning in the form of submicron-sized holes and tilted radiation defects. Calculations have been performed within the framework of the three-dimensional model of a layered HTS by means of the Monte Carlo method. S-shaped features of the EJ curves have been observed for a sample with a rectangular lattice of holes. Such features have not occurred in calculations for HTSs with non-magnetic pinning centers before, but they have been observed in experimental studies. In this paper, the features occurred in magnetic fields close to 290 Gs (which is the lower critical field for the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8-δ
superconductor at 1 K) and they were sensitive to the magnitude of the external magnetic field. In addition, the features were more prominent at temperatures below 30 K and in samples with weak intrinsic pinning, and they were connected with matching-like effects in the vortex system (i. e. a certain number of vortices being pinned on each hole, screening new vortices from entering the sample). For samples with tilted radiation defects, decreasing field dependences of the critical current have been obtained, showing weak maxima near the lower critical field of the superconductor. Calculations have shown that, at a fixed value of the external field, the critical current decreases with the increasing tilt angle of the defects.
Design criteria assessment of a magnetic nozzle
Authors: Chan Yung-An , Herdrich Georg 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A model to assess the design criteria for a convergent-divergent magnetic nozzle is provided. This model is based on an ideal single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic flow assumption to evaluate the acceleration and detachment in the magnetic nozzle. A thermodynamic correlation of plasma internal energy during the propagation in a magnetic nozzle is presented. The result reveals the limitation of a magnetic nozzle on the conversion of internal energy to kinetic energy, where an upper limit of around 19% is derived, assuming plasma undergoes ideal conditions. In addition, criteria derived from the model also point out that a threshold on magnetic flux density exists to prevent the occurrence of flow discontinuity during propagation along the magnetic nozzle. The result hints at the essential role of the electric field on the acceleration processes of a magnetic nozzle, which can potentially be the key to overcoming the limitation of a magnetic nozzle’s performance.
Feasibility of macroscopic parameters for NS to DSMC solver switching in micronozzle simulations
Authors: Kumar M Ashok , Shine S R 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Enhancing the design and performance of micronozzles could lead to novel applications and advancements in propulsion systems, making the exploration of micronozzles crucial for the future. This paper critically examines the feasibility of utilizing macroscopic property-based Kn as indicator for defining the breakdown region during the transition from the NS solver to the DSMC solver in micronozzle simulations. The aim is to specify a parameter that can be calculated from both NS and DSMC simulations, making it suitable for implementation in hybrid simulations that dynamically switch between the two solvers. The results show that the density-based Kn accurately represents the continuum breakdown, and it exhibits an earlier breakdown compared to pressure and temperature-based Kn values. The study also analyzes the rarefaction effects and introduces the rarefaction parameter (RP), quantifying the increase in Kn for a unit change in the non-dimensionalized distance. The findings demonstrate that at very low exit pressures, the rarefaction effects increase rapidly as the flow moves towards the nozzle exit, leading to a transition from the continuum to the rarefied regime. The hybrid NS-DSMC simulations show good agreement with experimental data, validating the proposed approach. Additionally, the research examines the effect of back pressure on the RP and identifies the transition regime based on the slope of the RP curve. Therefore, the manuscript provides detailed insights into novel elements, such as the quantification of rarefaction within the nozzle using the RP, the classification of the nozzle into different regimes (continuum, slip, and transition), the definition of an easily obtainable parameter for switching between NS and DSMC methods, and an examination of the contributions of the shear stress term and heat addition term to non-equilibrium conditions.
Autonomous piecewise damping Josephson junction jerk oscillator: microcontroller implementation, controls, and combination synchronization
Authors: Sriram Balakrishnan , Ayena Wenceslas Senakpon Coami , Ngongiah Isidore Komofor , Ainamon Cyrille , Karthikeyan Anitha 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper evaluates the microcontroller implementation, offset boosting control, suppression of chaos, and combination of three types of synchronization in the autonomous piecewise damping Josephson junction (JJ) jerk oscillator (APDJJJO). The APDJJJO exhibits vast shapes of chaotic behaviors, bistable limit circles, bistable period-2-oscillation, and the coexistence of regular and chaotic behaviors exposed by numerical simulations. The microcontroller realization scheme of APDJJJO validates simulated dynamics. Proceeding, two constants are outlined in the rate equations of APDJJJO to achieve the linear offset boosting of constants based on the second and third state variables, respectively. The polarity of the chaotic signal of the second or third state variable can be flexibly altered by changing any of the two introduced constants while the other constant is kept at zero. When the two constants are equal, the second and third state variables can swap between bipolar and unipolar signals flexibly by altering the unique constant parameter. Moreover, theoretical probing is performed to validate the efficacy of the configured single controller engrossed in subduing chaos in APDJJJO. Lastly, the combination of three types of synchronization between two chaotic APDJJJO are analytically and numerically investigated.
Analysis and Simulation Test of Electromagnetic Disturbance Mode Conversion in Secondary Circuit of Substation
Authors: Dong Zhiwei , Zhang Weidong , Ni Huiyang , Yang Song , Liu Zhonglu , Xu Yuhang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Under ideal conditions, the electromagnetic interference experienced by the secondary circuit is manifested as a common mode. However, due to circuit imbalance, common mode disturbance is converted into differential mode disturbance, thereby presenting a danger to the normal functioning of secondary equipment. The investigation measured the distribution ratio of common mode voltages and differential mode voltages at the ports of secondary equipment during switching operations. A computational circuit model of the secondary circuit was established by using multi-conductor transmission line theory. The mechanisms and influencing factors of transformation from common mode to differential mode were analyzed, and a simulation test was carried out in a substation to explore the conversion law under impedance imbalance. The results showed that the differential mode voltage of the secondary equipment port was greater than the common mode voltage when the circuit breaker was in operation. Common-differential mode conversion in the secondary loop was predominantly caused by an imbalance in circuit structure and extraneous parameters. Differential mode disturbance generated by switch field side imbalance had a greater impact than that generated by protection chamber side imbalance. As the degree of imbalance increased, the differential mode voltage also increased.
Investigation on the balance of Electricity and Quantity of Shanxi as an Electric Power Transmission base
Authors: Chen Jie , Zheng Xiaoming , Deng Jiaojiao , Wang Yao , Jing Yongming 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With the proposal of a dual-carbon target, the issue of electricity balance may become a key limit to the efficient development of renewable energy in the Shanxi power grid. Therefore, the analysis of the Power and Peak Balance of the Shanxi Power Grid has become increasingly important. This paper constructed a mathematical mold for power and electricity balance. Then, with the traditional method with the platform method by comparing, the results of Shanxi’s electricity balance were analyzed. In the end, the feasibility of the platform method is applied in this paper. The results show the result of electricity and quantity of Shanxi electric power.
Optimal Configuration for Soft Open Point Based on Scenario Generation of Wind Power and Photovoltaic Output
Authors: Song Jiaming , Miao Xiren , Zhao Dan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Soft Open Point (SOP) is a new type of fully controlled power electronic device. The use of SOPs can greatly improve the efficiency, flexibility, and controllability of distribution networks. However, considering that SOPs are expensive and have high maintenance costs, the installation capacity and location of SOPs need to be optimized. In this paper, we propose an SOP optimization configuration method considering the stochasticity and correlation of wind and PV power generation. First, considering the uncertainty and negative correlation of wind and PV power output, the probability density distribution function is generated using Copula theory and historical data. Then, the optimal location of the SOPs is determined by a cluster discovery algorithm and the Power Loss Sensitivity Index (PLSI). Finally, the capacity of the SOP is determined by minimizing the integrated cost of the network over a year, and the capacity of the SOP is solved by the conic curve programming method. The superiority of the proposed method is verified in this study at the IEEE-33 node test system.
EnSysta: A novel architecture of multi-source energy harvesting system
Authors: Zhang Junqin , Nian Yongyao , Wang Haili 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Passive sensing and computing system derived from the combination of environmental capacitive technology and sensing technology, such system obtains energy from the environment for sensing, computing, and wireless communication, has the advantages of energy self-supply, autonomous operation, long-term independent maintenance-free operation, and are the future development trends of Internet of Things technology. But at present, the passive system obtains energy from a single source and the conversion efficiency is low. At present, there are no low-power devices and hardware architectures designed for passive systems, resulting in computing, sensing, and communication power consumption exceeding the capability limit. Therefore, the core problem that restricts the development and application of passive systems is “limited energy”, which further leads to the problems of “short communication distance”, “poor perception” and “inefficient computation”. This paper intends to systematically study the problem of “limited energy”, starting from three aspects of “energy collection”, “energy management” and “energy utilization”, and proposes that “multi-energy source compound energy collection” is energy “open source”, “energy management based on load task model and energy model matching” and “adaptive load task execution planning” is energy “throttling”. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic solution and research idea for solving the “energy-limited” problem of passive sensing and computing systems and provides strong support for the maturity and application of passive system technology.
Control Optimization of Air Supply System Based on Asymptotic Method Identification
Authors: Liu Yang , Pan Lei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In order to optimize the control quality of the air supply system aiming at its multi-disturbance, based on the historical operation data of the boiler air supply control system of a 300 MW unit, this paper adopts a two-stage identification method based on asymptotic theory and establishes an accurate model and simulation system of the air supply system. Based on the model established by asymptotic identification, we design a constrained Model Predictive Control with Kalman Filter state estimation and an Active Disturbance Rejection Control based on extended state disturbance observation two optimization schemes. The simulation based on field data shows that both schemes can be considered to possess comparatively higher practicability in the optimization of the air supply control system.
Research on mechanical fault diagnosis method of high voltage circuit breaker based on new measurement
Authors: Dang Junpeng , Chang Peng , Sun Peng , Li Bo , Yang Chuanxu , Li Songlin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the detection of a single signal is difficult to accurately and comprehensively reflect the mechanical failure of the circuit breaker operating mechanism, the VS1 (VBM7) -12 high-voltage circuit breaker is selected as the experimental object in this paper. The coil current signal is collected by a sensor based on new measurements, and the fault diagnosis method of high-voltage circuit breaker is studied from the acquisition, preprocessing, and feature extraction of vibration signal and sound signal, combined with artificial intelligence algorithm. The research shows that the application of electro-acoustic joint features can effectively enhance the precision of fault diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers, and verify the feasibility and superiority of the mechanical fault diagnosis method of high-voltage circuit breakers based on new measurements.
Aerobic metabolic scope mapping of an invasive fish species with global warming
Authors: Quattrocchi Giovanni , Christensen Emil , Sinerchia Matteo , Marras Stefano , Cucco Andrea , Domenici Paolo , Behrens Jane W 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Climate change will exacerbate the negative effects associated with the introduction of non-indigenous species in marine ecosystems. Predicting the spread of invasive species in relation to environmental warming is therefore a fundamental task in ecology and conservation.
The Baltic Sea is currently threatened by several local stressors and the highest increase in sea surface temperature of the world’s large marine ecosystems. These new thermal conditions can further favour the spreading of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a fish of Ponto-Caspian origin, currently well established in the southern and central parts of the Baltic Sea. This study aims to assess the thermal habitat suitability of the round goby in the Baltic Sea considering the past and future conditions. The study combines sightings records with known physiological models of aerobic performance and sea surface temperatures. Physiological models read these temperatures, at sighting times and locations, to determine their effects on the aerobic metabolic scope (AMS) of the fish, a measure of its energetic potential in relation to environmental conditions. The geographical mapping of the AMS was used to describe the changes in habitat suitability during the past 3 decades and for climatic predictions (until 2100) showing that the favourable thermal habitat in the Baltic Sea has increased during the past 32 years and will continue to do so in all the applied climate model predictions. Particularly, the predicted new thermal conditions do not cause any reduction in the AMS of round goby populations, while the wintertime cold ranges are likely expected to preserve substantial areas from invasion.
The results of this research can guide future monitoring programs increasing the chance to detect this invader in novel areas.
A high-quality pseudo-phased genome for Melaleuca quinquenervia shows allelic diversity of NLR-type resistance genes
Authors: Chen Stephanie H , Martino Alyssa M , Luo Zhenyan , Schwessinger Benjamin , Jones Ashley , Tolessa Tamene , Bragg Jason G , Tobias Peri A , Edwards Richard J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Melaleuca quinquenervia (broad-leaved paperbark) is a coastal wetland tree species that serves as a foundation species in eastern Australia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and New Caledonia. While extensively cultivated for its ornamental value, it has also become invasive in regions like Florida, USA. Long-lived trees face diverse pest and pathogen pressures, and plant stress responses rely on immune receptors encoded by the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene family. However, the comprehensive annotation of NLR encoding genes has been challenging due to their clustering arrangement on chromosomes and highly repetitive domain structure; expansion of the NLR gene family is driven largely by tandem duplication. Additionally, the allelic diversity of the NLR gene family remains largely unexplored in outcrossing tree species, as many genomes are presented in their haploid, collapsed state.

Results
We assembled a chromosome-level pseudo-phased genome for M. quinquenervia and described the allelic diversity of plant NLRs using the novel FindPlantNLRs pipeline. Analysis reveals variation in the number of NLR genes on each haplotype, distinct clustering patterns, and differences in the types and numbers of novel integrated domains.

Conclusions
The high-quality M. quinquenervia genome assembly establishes a new framework for functional and evolutionary studies of this significant tree species. Our findings suggest that maintaining allelic diversity within the NLR gene family is crucial for enabling responses to environmental stress, particularly in long-lived plants.
Nazism, Fascism, and Genocide as Themes in ZANU and ZAPU Propaganda during the War against Rhodesia, 1965–1980
Authors: Pattenden Hugh 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article considers how the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)—the two main African nationalist groups in the rebel British colony of Rhodesia—sought to undermine the White minority government of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) era in Rhodesia by denouncing it in their propaganda as “Nazi,” “fascist,” and “genocidal.” The author argues that ZANU and ZAPU built on ideas already put forth in the international arena. In doing so, they were able to develop the conception of colonialism as a fascist and genocidal system of government. Charges of fascism and genocide, as well as antiracism and anticolonialism, were central to ZANU’s and ZAPU’s political platform and their historical narrative of colonialism. The White population of Rhodesia, however, was proud of their record during the Second World War, and for African nationalists to equate them with the Nazis was to upend a major aspect of their identity. Through a discussion of these issues, this article studies the important role that these concepts played in one of the most significant anticolonial conflicts of the postwar period.