bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition interventions for body composition, physical function, cognition in hospitalized older adults: A systematic review of individuals 75 years and older
Authors: Dowling Lisa , Lynch David H. , Batchek Dakota , Sun Chang , Mark‐Wagstaff Charlotte , Jones Emily , Prochaska Micah , Huisingh‐Sheetz Megan , Batsis John A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, the oldest old population is expected to triple by 2050. Hospitalization and malnutrition can result in progressive functional decline in older adults. Minimizing the impact of hospitalization on functional status in older adults has the potential to maintain independence, reduce health and social care costs, and maximize years in a healthy state. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to identify nutritional interventions that target physical function, body composition, and cognition in the older population (≥ 75 years).MethodsA systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of nutritional interventions on physical function, body composition, and cognition in adults aged ≥ 75 years or mean age ≥80 years. Searches of PubMed (National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine), Scopus (Elsevier), EMBASE (Elsevier), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) with Full Text (EBSCOhost), and PsycInfo (EBSCOhost) were conducted. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed in duplicate and independently (CRD42022355984; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=355984).ResultsOf 8311 citations identified, 2939 duplicates were excluded. From 5372 citations, 189 articles underwent full‐text review leaving a total of 12 studies for inclusion. Interventions were food‐based, protein‐based, carbohydrate‐based, personalized, or used parenteral nutrition. Ten studies monitored anthropometric or body composition changes with three showing maintenance or improvements in lean mass, body mass index, triceps skinfold, and mid‐upper arm circumference compared with the control group. Six studies monitored physical function but only the largest study found a beneficial effect on activities of daily living. Two of three studies showed the beneficial effects of nutritional intervention on cognition.ConclusionThere are few, high‐quality, nutrition‐based interventions in older adults ≥75 years. Despite heterogeneity, our findings suggest that large, longer‐term (>2 weeks) nutritional interventions have the potential to maintain body composition, physical function, and cognition in adults aged 75 years and older during hospitalization.
Adolescents' belonging in post‐divorce families: Examining residential and digital contact with mothers and fathers
Authors: Rejaän Zoë , van der Valk Inge E. , Branje Susan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing data of 166 adolescents from divorced families, this study examined longitudinal associations between the quantity and quality of adolescents’ residential contact and digital contact with parents, and their sense of family belonging. Cross‐lagged panel models showed concurrent associations among adolescents’ residential and digital contact with each parent, yet positively for fathers and negatively for mothers. Some cross‐lagged paths revealed that higher‐quality interactions may contribute to positive changes in contact. Although there were effects of parent‐adolescent contact on family belongingness, over time belongingness was mostly predicted by the general quality of contact. The results suggest that post‐divorce relationships require frequent and meaningful time together, the effects of which, however, do hardly transfer over time in terms of adolescents’ belongingness.
Sleep timing behaviour, sleep duration and adherence to obesogenic dietary patterns from pre‐school to school age: results from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI
Authors: Vilela Sofia , Vaz Andreia , Oliveira Andreia 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIn an obesogenic environment, short sleeping may increase opportunistic eating. The timing of sleep might also influence the drive to eat. This study investigated the prospective association of sleep timing and duration with diet in 5286 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI, evaluated at 4 and 7 years of age. At 4 years, sleep duration was categorised into ≤10 and >10 h. Four sleep timing categories were generated based on the median split for sleep‐onset and ‐offset times: ‘Early Sleep‐Early Wake’; ‘Early Sleep‐Late Wake’; ‘Late Sleep‐Early Wake’; ‘Late Sleep‐Late Wake’. At 7 years, diet was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire and three dietary patterns were included: ‘Healthier’, ‘Energy‐Dense Foods (EDF)’ and ‘Snacking’. The Healthy Eating Index was used to evaluate diet quality. Multinomial logistic regression models and generalised linear models were performed. Children who had a late sleep, independently of the time of waking up, had higher odds of following the ‘EDF’ pattern, compared with the ‘Healthier’. Boys who had late sleep and/or late wake had also higher odds of following the ‘Snacking’ pattern and had poorer diet quality. In both sexes, a late sleep or late wake were associated with a lower diet quality, compared to the group ‘Early Sleep‐Early Wake’, and independently of nap behaviour. In boys, shorter sleep duration was associated with a poorer diet. In conclusion, pre‐schoolers with late bedtimes or wake‐up times have worse dietary patterns and poorer diet quality at the age of 7 years, which seems to be independent of sleep duration.
Real‐world economic burden of hepatitis C and impact of direct‐acting antivirals in France: A nationwide claims data analysis
Authors: Lam Laurent , Carrieri Patrizia , Hejblum Gilles , Bellet Jonathan , Bourlière Marc , Carrat Fabrice 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe economic impact of managing patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains unknown. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of chronic HCV infection from a national health insurance perspective and the impact of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) using nationwide real‐world data.MethodsPatients with chronic HCV infection were identified from the French Health Insurance Claims Databases (SNDS) and matched for age and sex to the general population. Health resource utilization and reimbursements were summarized according to healthcare expenditure items from 2012 to 2021. The economic burden attributable to chronic HCV infection was evaluated over a 10‐year period. Finally, the impact of DAAs was estimated using economic data derived from the SNDS.ResultsA total of 145 187 patients with chronic HCV infection were identified. Among the patients eligible for DAA therapy, 81.5% had received DAA by the end of 2021. Over a 10‐year period, managing patients with chronic HCV infection resulted in an additional cost of €9.71 billion (95% confidence interval [CI]: €9.66–€9.78 billion) or €9191 (95% CI: €9134–€9252) per patient per year compared to the general population. After DAA therapy, patients with chronic HCV infection had a higher economic burden than the general population, with an additional cost of €5781 (95% CI: €5540–€6028) per patient at the fifth‐year post‐DAA therapy.ConclusionsA significant economic burden persists among patients with HCV infection after DAA treatment. The high proportion of patients not treated with DAA therapy supports reinforcing policies for universal access.
Unfolding language awareness in a plurilingual context: A study of metalinguistic, practical, and critical language awareness
Authors: Krogager Andersen Line 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs part of a larger project investigating language awareness in plurilingual settings across educational levels through a multiple case study, this article zooms in on students’ language awareness as it unfolds in a classroom in a Danish upper secondary school, in the context of a compulsory, plurilingual general language awareness course. Considering language awareness as a sociocognitive phenomenon that may meaningfully be observed through students’ engagement with language in the classroom, qualitative data were collected through observation, interviews, and collections of student work, and analyzed using an abductive form of qualitative content analysis. The initial deductive analysis is based on a theoretical model of language awareness; additional, inductive analyses lead to more nuanced descriptions of students’ metalinguistic, practical, and critical language awareness. Finally, a contextualized analysis of one example is given to illustrate the collaborative unfolding of language awareness in this context, leading to the conclusion that the different forms of language awareness studied are often interlinked and that they should be viewed as such both in research and teaching practice.
Cone allometry and seed protection from fire are similar in serotinous and nonserotinous conifers
Authors: Greene David F. , Kane Jeffrey M. , Pounden Edith , Michaletz Sean T. 
Published: February 2024

Summary
Serotiny is an adaptive trait that allows certain woody plants to persist in stand‐replacing fire regimes. However, the mechanisms by which serotinous cones avoid seed necrosis and nonserotinous species persist in landscapes with short fire cycles and serotinous competitors remain poorly understood.
To investigate whether ovulate cone traits that enhance seed survival differ between serotinous and nonserotinous species, we examined cone traits in 24 species within Pinaceae and Cupressaceae based on physical measurements and cone heating simulations using a computational fluid dynamics model.
Fire‐relevant cone traits were largely similar between cone types; those that differed (e.g. density and moisture) conferred little seed survival advantage under simulated fire. The most important traits influencing seed survival were cone size and seed depth within the cone, which was found to be an allometric function of cone mass for both cone types.
Thus, nonserotinous cones should not suffer significantly greater seed necrosis than serotinous cones of equal size. Closed nonserotinous cones containing mature seeds may achieve substantial regeneration after fire if they are sufficiently large relative to fire duration and temperature. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study of the effects of fire‐relevant cone traits on conifer regeneration supported by physics‐based fire simulation.
Willingness‐to‐pay for the conservation of endangered frog species in Taiwan
Authors: Velasco Jerald M. , Tseng Wei‐Chun , Chang Yi‐Hsuan , Chiueh Ya‐Wen , Liu Wan‐Yu , Chang Chia‐Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTaiwan's awareness of environmental conservation and biodiversity has been increasing in recent years. As frog plays a vital role in the environment and recreational activities in Taiwan, this study aimed to quantify the willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) of the public for conserving the selected endangered frog species. Respondents were asked using a semistructured questionnaire with auxiliary audio and video files. After deleting incomplete responses following regular data handling, 585 valid responses were used in the estimation. Using the contingent valuation method and single‐bounded dichotomous choice model, the results showed that people are willing to pay an amount of 32.01 USD (922.85 New Taiwan Dollars) per person annually. Factors affecting the public's WTP include price, age, support for establishing conservation areas, payment through donations, number of trips in ecotourism, and the place of residency in Taiwan. The result of this study can be used as a benchmark for the government for the implementation of the conservation and rehabilitation of the habitat of the endangered frog species in the future.
Ion channel dysfunction and fibrosis in atrial fibrillation: Two sides of the same coin
Authors: Arabia Gianmarco , Bellicini Maria Giulia , Cersosimo Angelica , Memo Maurizio , Mazzarotto Francesco , Inciardi Riccardo Maria , Cerini Manuel , Chen Lin Yee , Aboelhassan Mohamed , Benzoni Patrizia , Mitacchione Gianfranco , Bontempi Luca , Curnis Antonio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart rhythm disorder that is associated with an increased risk of stroke and heart failure (HF). Initially, an association between AF and ion channel dysfunction was identified, classifying the pathology as a predominantly electrical disease. More recently it has been recognized that fibrosis and structural atrial remodeling play a driving role in the development of this arrhythmia also in these cases.PurposeUnderstanding the role of fibrosis in genetic determined AF could be important to better comprise the pathophysiology of this arrhythmia and to refine its management also in nongenetic forms. In this review we analyze genetic and epigenetic mechanisms responsible for AF and their link with atrial fibrosis, then we will consider analogies with the pathophysiological mechanism in nongenetic AF, and discuss consequent therapeutic options.
Routes to relevance: Philosophies of relevant logics
Authors: Standefer Shawn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRelevant logics are a family of non‐classical logics characterized by the behavior of their implication connectives. Unlike some other non‐classical logics, such as intuitionistic logic, there are multiple philosophical views motivating relevant logics. Further, different views seem to motivate different logics. In this article, we survey five major views motivating the adoption of relevant logics: Use Criterion, sufficiency, meaning containment, theory construction, and truthmaking. We highlight the philosophical differences as well as the different logics they support. We end with some questions for future research.
Carbon dioxide emissions and environmental risks: Long term and short term
Authors: Boubaker Sabri , Liu Zhenya , Mu Yuhao , Zhan Yaosong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe world is currently experiencing the environmental challenge of global warming, necessitating careful planning of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to deal with this problem. This study examines the environmental challenge posed by CO2 emissions from both a long and short‐term perspective. In the long term, despite efforts made by countries, our change‐point detection analysis shows that there has been no structural change in CO2 emissions since 1950. Without significant efforts, the carbon budget corresponding to the Paris Agreement's target will be exhausted by 2046. To achieve this target, a significant reduction in global CO2 emissions of 3.22% per year is necessary. In the short term, COVID‐19 is thought to have relieved pressure on CO2 emissions. However, this study shows that CO2 emissions quickly returned to normal levels after a brief downturn, and we provide information on the order of CO2 emissions recovery for different sectors.
Asymptotic profiles of a spatial vector‐borne disease model with Fokker–Planck‐type diffusion
Authors: Wang Kai , Zhao Hongyong , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with a spatially heterogeneous vector‐borne disease model that follows the Fokker–Planck‐type diffusion law. One of the significant features in our model is that Fokker–Planck‐type diffusion is used to characterize individual movement, which poses new challenges to theoretical analysis. We derive for the first time the variational characterization of basic reproduction ratio for the model under certain conditions and investigate its asymptotic profiles with respect to the diffusion rates. Furthermore, via overcoming the difficulty of the associated elliptic eigenvalue problem, the asymptotic behaviors of endemic equilibrium for the model are discussed. Our results imply that whether rapid or slow movement of susceptible and infected individuals are conducive to disease control depends on the degree of disease risk in the habitat. Numerically, we verify the theoretical results and detect that Fokker–Planck‐type diffusion may amplify the scale of disease infection, which in turn increases the complexity of disease transmission by comparing the impacts of distinct dispersal types on disease dynamics.
Aesthetic oral rehabilitation of the upper‐anterior sector with supra‐nano filling resin in a patient with woolly hair syndrome: case report
Authors: Conto Quispe Patricia Nataly , Tapia Martinez Akemy Celeste , Vilcapoma Guerra Henry Jesús , Lavado García Lenny , Torres Ramos Gilmer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWoolly Hair Syndrome (WHS) is a rare birth condition that affects the structure of hair in non‐black people. The pathogenesis is not yet defined. It is postulated that the hair follicle's desmosomes (specifically desmoplaquine, placoglobin and placofilin‐1, which are cell structural proteins that keep the adhesion among close cells) would be altered in this pathology, leading to fragility in the cellular union. It is subdivided into two large groups: the localized or circumscribed variant and the generalized variant. From birth or first months of life, patients with WHS are clinically characterized by the presence of a portion or entire scalp area of very short frizzy hair, usually of a smaller diameter, brittle and lighter color. The most frequent skin manifestations are pilar keratosis and palmo‐plantar keratodermia. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings, and it is facilitated by trichotoscopic examination. However, a definitive diagnosis of WHS requires genetic testing. Oral agenesis, enamel defects (such as hypomineralization), atypical caries, dental inclusion, and malformed pin‐shaped teeth may occur.ObjectiveTo describe an aesthetic alternative of oral rehabilitation using the mock‐up technique in a patient with WHS.Clinical caseA 5‐year‐old female patient diagnosed with WHS from the National Institute of Child HealthNihchBreña, Lima, who was referred from the Genetic service to the Pediatric Dentistry service in order to screen outbreaks of infection associated with odontogenic origin and dental anomalies. At the ectoscopy, a patient with short capillary length, brittle and curly hair, dry skin, and nail dystrophy was observed. At the intraoral clinical examination, anterior pieces of 52, 51, 61, 62, and enamel hypomineralization were observed in all teeth. The radiographic examination showed agenesis of parts 41, 34, and 45. Integral dental treatment was performed in the operating room under general anesthesia due to the complexity of the case. Pulpectomy in pieces 52, 51, 61, 62, post of composite resin, and rehabilitation with supra‐nanow filling resin using the mock‐up technique were proposed as alternative treatments.ConclusionThe making of supra‐nano filling resin‐based crowns using the mock‐up technique is an alternative treatment for aesthetic oral rehabilitation in deciduous dentition of patients with WHS. The aesthetic treatment was achieved using supra nano‐filling resins. After 12 months of dental treatment, a favorable response was observed, improving the chewing, phonation and aesthetics of the patient.
Too Privileged to Move? Neighbourhood Perception and Relocation Intention in China's Gated Communities
Authors: Li Chenxi , He Shenjing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe association between neighbourhood characteristics and residential relocation is a classic topic in urban studies. In China, where gated communities (GCs) have become a highly popular residential form, how and to what extent residents’ perceptions of GCs affect their relocation intention has not been quantitatively examined. Drawing on a large‐scale household survey conducted in Shanghai, we use multi‐level logistic regression models to examine the impact of the perceptions of neighbourhood environment, attachment and gatedness on relocation intention. Our findings are threefold: (1) the greater the perceived improvement of the neighbourhood environment, the lower the likelihood of relocation intention; (2) respondents with higher levels of neighbourhood attachment tend to have lower relocation intention and (3) respondents living in neighbourhoods with higher levels of gatedness are less likely to have relocation intention. This research contributes to the literature of neighbourhood studies and GCs by quantifying the ramification of entrenched ‘gated mindset’ in urban China.
Current management of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in solid organ transplant recipients: Experience derived from an ESGICH–ESOT survey
Authors: Visentin Alessandro , Pickavance Elise , San‐Juan Rafael , Grossi Paolo Antonio , Manuel Oriol , Aguado Jose M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveSolid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have a poorer SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine response and higher risk for COVID‐19‐associated complications. However, there is no consensus on the current management of COVID‐19 and data on persistent COVID‐19 rates in SOT recipients are lacking.MethodsAn electronic survey concerning the management of COVID‐19 in SOT recipients was distributed among all members of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) and of the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT). Four major sections were covered: prevention, early COVID‐19, late COVID‐19, and persistent COVID‐19. We developed a structured questionnaire including eight multiple‐choice questions with branching logic in case of positive answers and three open‐ended questions related to clinical practice. Questions were asked separately for lung and non‐lung transplantation.ResultsThirty‐two physicians from 24 different centers participated. Most answers (n = 30) were provided by European physicians. Thirty of 32 (93.75%) physicians managed non‐lung transplant recipients and 12 of 32 (33.3%) lung transplant recipients. There was a huge variability in practice regarding the treatment of COVID‐19, and particularly noticeable when considering lung and non‐lung transplant recipients. Main discordances included the use of nirmatrelvir alone or in combination therapy for early COVID‐19, the use of immunomodulatory drugs other than steroids for late COVID‐19, and the need for treating asymptomatic viral shedding in persistent COVID‐19. There was more similarity in terms of prophylaxis recommendations.ConclusionDespite a low number of respondents, this survey shows that there are many differences on how experts manage SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in SOT recipients.
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