bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Ethanol Reduces Nicotine‐Induced Dopamine Release in PC12 Cells
Authors: Dohrman Douglas P. , Reiter Cindy K. 
Published: November 2003

Background: There is a high correlation between alcohol and nicotine use; that is, alcohol use is associated with high levels of smoking. One important aspect of nicotine addiction appears to be the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. The release of dopamine from these neurons is thought to mediate, at least in part, the reward of nicotine consumption. If chronic alcohol consumption affects the amount of dopamine released in response to nicotine, it could contribute to the high level of smoking seen in alcoholics.Methods: We have used an in vitro model system to study the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on acute nicotine‐induced dopamine release and the withdrawal from ethanol. A pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12 cells) was exposed to ethanol for periods of 3 to 96 hr, followed by a 5 min exposure to nicotine. Dopamine released in response to nicotinic stimulation was measured by high‐pressure liquid chromatography.Results: Exposure of PC12 cells to chronic ethanol resulted in a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibition of nicotine‐induced dopamine release. A moderate dose of ethanol (50 mM) resulted in a significant reduction in as little as 3 hr. The cells demonstrated a form of cross‐tolerance in that they showed diminished response to nicotine even though they had never been exposed to nicotine. After ethanol was withdrawn from the cells after a chronic exposure (96 hr), dopamine release slowly returned to normal levels but demonstrated a significant period of “overshoot” or hyperresponsiveness between 24 and 48 hr after withdrawal.Conclusions: These results show that chronic ethanol exposure decreases nicotine‐induced dopamine release and demonstrate a period of hyperresponsiveness during withdrawal from ethanol. These studies suggest potential interactions between chronic ethanol and nicotine that may provide insight into such phenomena as cross‐tolerance and increased use of nicotine by alcoholics.
Human Rights and Governance: The Asia Debate
Authors:   Ghai
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper draws upon my two previous papers, "Asian Perspectives on Human Rights" (1992) and "Human Rights and Governance in Asia" (1994). The first paper was presented at a conference on human rights of migrant workers organised by the Scalabrini Migration Centre in Manila. It was also tabled at a workshop on human rights and governance in Asia organised by The Asia Foundation in Manila in March 1993. The second paper was written at the request of The Asia Foundation as a record of my reflections on the discussions at the workshop. It was subsequently used as a background paper for an Asia Foundation-sponsored dialogue between Asia scholars and senior officials of the Clinton Administration, the U. S. Congress, and staff of American NGOs in Washington in June 1994. The present paper also reflects on the Washington discussions. I am grateful to the participants of all these meetings for their thoughtful and stimulating contributions. Published with the permission of The Asia Foundation.
Protection of North Korean Escapees Under International Law
Authors:   Lee
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe primary purpose of this article is to examine the current situation of North Korean escapees in China and Russia and to search for international legal measures protecting their human rights. Since the mid-1990s, many North Koreans have escaped from either their country or from working places in another country, not to return to North Korea for political and economic reasons. Their defections have been accelerated by the severe food crisis plaguing North Korea. As the number of the escapees has grown, their status has become a critical point of contention among the States concerned. It finally became a major issue with the forcible repatriation of seven North Korean escapees in January 2000. In order to protect the human rights of these seven, and to establish a workable precedent for other defectors, international legal measures should be considered as soon as possible. This question will be examined here in light of the principles of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and other relevant legal measures. Crucial points in answer to this question thus may be found within the provisions of the 1951 Convention. Diplomatic considerations should be also taken on these legal grounds. For a final resolution, the international cooperation of governments and NGOs is urgently required.
South African survey on disinfection techniques for the flexible nasopharyngoscope
Authors: Lubbe Darlene E. , Fagan Johannes J. 
Published: November 2003

This random survey was to determine the flexible nasopharyngoscope disinfection practice employed by South African otolaryngologists and to establish whether a breach in the disinfection process exists. The study also aimed to identify organisms most likely to be transmitted via endoscopy and to propose a protocol for the disinfection of the flexible nasopharyngoscope.A questionnaire regarding disinfection techniques used for the flexible nasopharyngoscope was sent to 90 otolaryngologists in South Africa. All provinces were equally represented in the survey.Forty-five otolaryngologists out of a total of 90 participated in the study. Many of the otolaryngologists had no access to a flexible nasopharyngoscope and were therefore not included in the study. Fewer than 50 per cent of the 45 surgeons washed the instrument with soap/detergent and water after use. Only 42 per cent of surgeons used a FDA-approved disinfectant, 52 per cent of which immersed the scope for a shorter period than the recommended contact time. Of the 58 per cent using non-FDA-approved products, 33 per cent used only a 70 per cent Isopropyl alcohol wipe, without immersion of the scope in disinfectant solution. The remaining 25 per cent used non-FDA-approved disinfectants either by wiping or limited immersion of the scope. Of the 45 surgeons, 49 per cent used a different method of disinfection for high-risk patients.Strict guidelines have been proposed for the disinfection of this semi-critical device by the Association of Professionals for Infection Control (APIC) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). These guidelines are currently not being followed by many South African otolaryngologists. There is therefore a real risk of transmitting infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, via endoscopy.
Outcomes of submandibular duct relocation: a 15-year experience
Authors: De Mriganka , Adair Robin , Golchin Kambiz , Cinnamond M. J. 
Published: November 2003

Drooling is common in patients with neurological disability and a major factor affecting quality of life. Management of this problem is best carried out by a team approach using surgical and non-surgical methods. Submandibular duct relocation is a commonly performed procedure with low complication rate. This procedure has been carried out in 56 patients over the last 14 years at the Belfast City Hospital by the senior author. All the patients underwent physiotherapy for six months before they were selected for surgery. All the patients were over five years of age and most had severe neurological impairment. For the purposes of this study, all the patients were followed by a questionnaire regarding symptomatic improvement, parent satisfaction and complication rate. All case notes were also reviewed retrospectively.Parental satisfaction was high and drooling was significantly reduced in 49 cases. The main complication was ranula formation seen in five cases. The most significant area of parental concern was post-operative pain. It is important to counsel the parents regarding the post-operative pain relief as well as failure rate of the procedure. It can be concluded that this procedure is a safe and highly successful procedure, which significantly improves the quality of life.
Glycerol α‐Monochlorohydrin
Authors: Conant J. B. , Quayle O. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Glycerol α‐Monochlorohydrin

reactant: Five hundred grams (402 cc., 4.9 moles) of 90 per cent glycerol

product: glycerol α,γ‐dichlorohydrin

product: Glycerol α‐monochlorohydrin
p
‐Bromoacetophenone
Authors: Adams Roger , Noller C. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

p
‐Bromoacetophenone

reactant: 204 g. (2 moles) of acetic anhydride

product:
p
‐bromoacetophenone

product:
p
‐chloroacetophenone

product: acetophenone

product:
p
‐methylacetophenone

product:
p
‐methoxyacetophenone
Triphenylstibine
Authors: Hiers G. S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Triphenylstibine

reactant: 114 g. (0.5 mole) of freshly distilled antimony trichloride

product: triphenylstibine

solvent: 200 cc. of petroleum ether

product: tri‐
p
‐tolylstibine
n
‐Butyl
p
‐Toluenesulfonate
Authors: Roos A. T. , Gilman Henry , Beaber N. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

n
‐Butyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate

solvent: petroleum ether

product: Methyl
p
‐toluenesulfonate

product:
n
‐butyl ester
γ‐Phenoxypropyl Bromide
Authors: Marvel C. S. , Tanenbaum A. L. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

γ‐phenoxypropyl bromide

reactant: 1 kg. (4.95 moles) of trimethylene bromide

byproduct: diphenoxypropane

product: Phenoxyethyl bromide

product: γ‐Phenoxypropyl bromide
Thiosalicylic AcidWarning! Recently it was reported to us that workers, following this procedure (diazotization of anthranilic acid and its reaction with sodium disulfide) but substituting 2,3‐dimethylaniline for anthranilic acid, experienced a serious explosion upon addition of the diazonium salt solution to the disulfide solution. We urge that extreme caution should always be exercised in the handling of diazonium salts even when they are in solution.
Authors: Allen C. F. H. , MacKay D. D. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Thiosalicylic acid

product: thiosalicylic acid
m
‐Chlorobenzaldehyde
Authors: Buck Johannes S. , Ide Walter S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

m
‐Chlorobenzaldehyde

reactant: 100 g. (0.66 mole) of
m
‐nitrobenzaldehyde

product:
m
‐chlorobenzaldehyde

product:
m
‐bromobenzaldehyde
1‐Nitro‐2‐Acetylaminonaphthalene
Authors: Hartman W. W. , Smith Lloyd A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐Nitro‐2‐Acetylaminonaphthalene

reactant: 300 g. (1.62 moles) of β‐acetylaminonaphthalene

product: 1‐nitro‐2‐acetylaminonaphthalene
2‐Nitrofluorene and 2‐Aminofluorene
Authors: Kuhn W. E. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2‐Nitrofluorene and 2‐aminofluorene

reactant: Sixty grams (0.36 mole) of fluorene

product: 2‐nitrofluorene

product: 2‐aminofluorene
5,5‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione
Authors: Shriner R. L. , Todd H. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract5,5‐Dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedioneproduct: 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedionereactant: 100 g. (1.02 moles) of mesityl oxide
o
‐Nitrophenylsulfur Chloride
Authors: Hubacher Max H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

o
‐Nitrophenylsulfur chloride

reactant: 154 g. (0.5 mole) of di‐
o
‐nitrophenyl disulfide

product:
o
‐nitrophenylsulfur chloride

product:
o
‐nitro‐
p
‐chlorophenylsulfur chloride

product: 2,4‐Dinitrophenylsulfur chloride
n
‐Butyl Phosphate
Authors: Dutton G. R. , Noller C. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

n
‐Butyl phosphate

reactant: 153 g. (91 cc., 1 mole) of phosphorus oxychloride

product:
n
‐butyl phosphate

product:
n
‐propyl ester

product:
sec.
‐butyl ester

product:
n
‐amyl ester
2‐ and 3‐Phenanthrenesulfonic Acids
Authors: Fieser Louis F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract2‐ and 3‐phenanthrenesulfonic acidsintermediate: barium 2‐phenanthrenesulfonateintermediate: potassium 3‐phenanthrenesulfonateintermediate:p‐toluidine salt of 2‐phenanthrenesulfonic acid forms flat needles or plates melting at 282° (291° corr.); that of the 3‐acid forms thick needles melting at 217° (222° corr.)
d
‐ and
l
‐α‐Phenylethylamine
Authors: Ingersoll A. W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

d
‐ and
l
‐α‐Phenylethylamine

product: d‐α‐Phenylethylamine

intermediate:
d
‐α‐phenylethylamine‐
l
‐malate

product: l‐α‐Phenylethylamine

intermediate:
l
‐α‐phenylethylamine‐
d
‐tartrate
4,4′‐Difluorobiphenyl
Authors: Schiemann G. , Winkelmüller W. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract4,4′‐Difluorobiphenylintermediate: 4,4′‐biphenylene‐bis‐diazonium borofluorideproduct: 4,4′‐difluorobiphenyl
Potassium Anthraquinone‐α‐Sulfonate
Authors: Scott W. J. , Allen C. F. H. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractPotassium anthraquinone‐α‐sulfonatereactant: 100 g. (0.48 mole) of anthraquinoneproduct: α‐chloroanthraquinoneproduct: anthraquinone‐α‐sulfonates
β‐(3‐Acenaphthoyl)propionic Acid
Authors: Fieser L. F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

β‐(3‐Acenaphthoyl)propionic acid

product: β‐(3‐acenaphthoyl) propionic acid

byproduct: β‐(1‐acenaphthoyl)propionic acid
Methyl β‐Bromopropionate
Authors: Mozingo Ralph , Patterson L. A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Methyl β‐bromopropionate

reactant: Six hundred and fifty grams of a 60% solution of methyl acrylate in methanol

product: methyl β‐bromopropionate

product: ethyl β‐bromopropionate

byproduct: β‐bromopropionic acid
2,3,4,6‐Tetramethyl‐
d
‐Glucose
Authors: West Edward S. , Holden Raymond F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2,3,4,6‐Tetramethyl‐
d
‐glucose

product: 2,3,4,6‐Tetramethyl‐
d
‐glucose

solvent: petroleum ether
n
‐Dodecyl (Lauryl) Mercaptan
Authors: Urquhart G. G. , Gates J. W. , Connor Ralph 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

n
‐Dodecyl (lauryl) mercaptan

product:
n
‐dodecyl mercaptan

product:
n
‐Heptyl

product:
n
‐Octyl

product:
n
‐Nonyl

product:
n
‐Decyl

product:
n
‐Undecyl

product:
n
‐Octadecyl
1,2‐Naphthoquinone‐4‐Sulfonate, Ammonium and Potassium
Authors: Martin E. L. , Fieser L. F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract1,2‐Naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonate, ammonium and potassiumreactant: 145 ml. of nitric acidproduct: ammonium 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonateproduct: potassium 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonate
m
‐Tolylbenzylamine
Authors: Allen C. F. H. , VanAllan James 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

m
‐Tolylbenzylamine

reactant: One hundred and six grams (1 mole) of benzaldehyde

reactant: 107 g. (1 mole) of
m
‐toluidine

product: N‐benzyl‐
m
‐toluidine

byproduct:
o
‐tolylbenzylamine

product: hydrochloride

product:
p
‐tolylbenzylamine
N‐Methyl‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine
Authors: Deulofeu V. , Guerrero T. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

N‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine

intermediate: 5‐(3‐
Methoxy
‐4‐
hydroxybenzal
)
creatinine

intermediate: 5‐(3‐
Methoxy
‐4‐
hydroxybenzyl)creatinine

intermediate:
N
‐
Methyl
‐(3‐
methoxy
‐4‐
hydroxyphenyl)alanine

product:
N
‐
Methyl
‐3,4‐
dihydroxyphenylalanine
3‐Bromo‐4‐Hydroxytoluene
Authors: Ungnade H. E. , Orwoll E. F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

3‐Bromo‐4‐hydroxytoluene

reactant: 3‐bromo‐4‐aminotoluene

product:
m
‐bromophenol

product:
o
‐Bromo‐
p
‐cresol
p
‐Nitrobenzoyl Peroxide
Authors: Price Charles C. , Krebs Edwin 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

p
‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide

product:
p
‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide

product:
m
‐nitrobenzoyl peroxide

product: anisoyl peroxide

product:
p
‐bromobenzoyl peroxide

product: 3,4,5‐tribromobenzoyl peroxide
α‐Phenylethylamine
Authors: Robinson John C. , Snyder H. R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

α‐Phenylethylamine

product: α‐phenylethylamine

product: 2‐aminoheptane

product:
n
‐heptylamine

product: furfurylamine

byproduct: di‐(α‐phenylethyl) amine
Triphenylchloromethane
Authors: Bachmann W. E. , Hauser C. R. , Hudson Boyd E. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Triphenylchloromethane

solvent: 200 ml. of petroleum ether

product: triphenylchloromethane

reactant: 800 g. (470 ml., 5.2 moles) of dry sulfur‐free carbon tetrachloride

solvent: 300‐ml. portions of ligroin
tert
‐Butyl Acetate
Authors: Baker Robert H. , Bordwell Frederick G. , Hauser C. R. , Hudson B. E. , Abramovitch B. , Shivers J. C. , Spassow A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

tert
‐Butyl acetate

product:
tert
‐butyl acetate

product:
tert
‐butyl propionate

product:
tert
‐Butyl isobutyrate

product:
tert
‐butyl isovalerate

product:
tert
‐butyl cinnamate

product:
tert
‐Butyl chloroacetate
o
‐Chlorobromobenzene
Authors: Hartwell Jonathan L. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

o
‐Chlorobromobenzene

reactant: 79 g. (0.55 mole) of cuprous bromide

product:
o
‐chlorobromobenzene

product:
m
‐chlorobromobenzene

product:
m
‐dibromobenzene

product:
o
‐bromoanisole
ω‐Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone
Authors: Levin Nathan , Hartung Walter H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

ω‐Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone

reactant: 15.4 g. (0.1 mole) of phenacyl chloride

reactant: isopropyl nitrite

product: ω‐Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone
β‐Carbomethoxypropionyl Chloride
Authors: Cason James 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

β‐Carbomethoxypropionyl chloride

intermediate:
Methyl hydrogen succinate

reactant: 400 g. (4 moles) of succinic anhydride

reactant: 290 ml. (4 moles) of thionyl chloride

product: β‐carbomethoxypropionyl chloride
Naphthoresorcinol
Authors: Meyer Karl , Bloch Henry S. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Naphthoresorcinol

intermediate:
Ethyl 1,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoate
.

intermediate: 1,3‐
Dihydroxy
‐2‐
napthoic acid
.

product: naphthoresorcinol
Ethyl
n
‐Butylcyanoacetate
Authors: Alexander Elliot R. , Cope Arthur C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl
n
‐butylcyanoacetate

reactant: butyraldehyde (43.2 g., 0.6 mole)

product: ethyl
n
‐butylcyanoacetate

product: Ethyl ethylcyanoacetate

product: ethyl propylcyanoacetate
p
‐Nitrophenylarsonic Acid
Authors: Ruddy A. Wayne , Starkey Edgar B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

p
‐nitrophenylarsonic acid

product:
p
‐nitrophenylarsonic acid

product: phenyl

product:
o
‐nitrophenyl

product:
m
‐nitrophenyl

product:
o
‐tolyl

product:
m
‐tolyl

product:
p
‐tolyl

product:
o
‐chlorophenyl

product:
p
‐chlorophenyl

product:
o
‐carboxyphenyl

product:
p
‐carboxyphenyl

product:
p
‐carbethoxyphenyl

product:
p
‐acetophenyl
tert
‐Butylamine
Authors: Campbell Kenneth N. , Sommers Armiger H. , Campbell Barbara K. , Smith Lee Irvin , Emerson Oliver H. , Pearson D. E. , Baxter J. F. , Carter K. N. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

tert
‐Butylamine

intermediate: 2,2‐Dimethylethylenimine

product:
tert
‐butylamine

intermediate:
tert
‐butylurea

solvent: 500 ml. of petroleum ether

intermediate:
tert
‐butylphthalimide

intermediate:
tert
‐butylamine hydrochloride

reactant:
tert
‐butyl alcohol

byproduct: di‐
tert
‐butylurea

intermediate:
tert
‐amylurea

intermediate:
tert
‐amylphthalimide

product:
tert
‐amylamine
Ethyl α‐Isopropylacetoacetate
Authors: Adams Joe T. , Levine Robert , Hauser Charles R. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl α‐isopropylacetoacetate

product: ethyl α‐cyclohexylacetoacetate

product: ethyl α‐
tert
‐butylacetoacetate

product: Ethyl α‐isopropylacetoacetate
1‐Methyl‐2‐imino‐β‐naphthothiazoline
Authors: Cressman Homer W. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐Methyl‐2‐imino‐β‐naphthothiazoline

product: 1‐methyl‐2‐imino‐β‐naphthothiazoline

solvent: petroleum ether

product: 2‐imino‐1‐methylnaphtho [1,2] selenazoline

product: 2‐imino‐1‐ethylnaphtho [1,2] selenazoline
N‐Methyl‐1‐Naphthylcyanamide
Authors: Cressman Homer W. J. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

N‐methyl‐1‐naphthylcyanamide

: N‐ethyl‐1‐naphthylcyanamide

intermediate: 10 g. of α‐naphthyltrimethylammonium bromide

product: N‐methyl‐1‐naphthylcyanamide
γ‐
n
‐Propylbutyrolactone and β‐(Tetrahydrofuryl)Propionic Acid
Authors: Schwenk Erwin , Papa Domenick , Hankin Hilda , Ginsberg Helen 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

γ‐
n
‐propylbutyrolactone and β‐(tetrahydrofuryl)propionic acid

product: γ‐
n
‐propylbutyrolactone

product: β‐(tetrahydrofuryl) propionic acid

product: ω‐hydroxycaprylic acid

product: δ‐
n
‐propylvalerolactone
2‐Allylcyclohexanone
Authors: Vanderwerf Calvin A. , Lemmerman Leo V. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

2‐Allylcyclohexanone

reactant: Cyclohexanone (220 g., 2.24 moles)

reactant: 246 g. (2.03 moles) of allyl bromide

product: 2‐allylcyclohexanone

byproduct: diallylcyclohexanone
Indazole
Authors: Stephenson Emily F. M. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Indazole

intermediate:
o
‐hydrazinobenzoic acid hydrochloride

intermediate: indazolone

intermediate: 3‐chloroindazole

product: indazole

solvent: 25 ml. of petroleum ether

intermediate:
o
‐Hydrazinobenzoic acid
5‐Nitro‐2,3‐Dihydro‐1,4‐Phthalazinedione
Authors: Redemann Carl T. , Redemann C. Ernst 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

5‐Nitro‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐phthalazinedione

product: 5‐nitro‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐phthalazinedione
DL‐Aspartic Acid
Authors: Dunn M. S. , Smart B. W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractDL‐Aspartic acidreactant: 735 g. (6.0 moles) of ethyl chloroacetateintermediate: triethyl α‐phthalimidoethane‐α,α,β‐tricarboxylatebyproduct: phthalic acidproduct:DL‐aspartic acidreactant: 490 to 536 g. of ethyl chloroacetatebyproduct: glycine
β‐Carbethoxy‐γ,γ‐Diphenylvinylacetic Acid
Authors: Johnson William S. , Schneider William P. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

β‐carbethoxy‐γ,γ‐diphenylvinylacetic acid

solvent: petroleum ether

product: β‐Carbethoxy‐γ,γ‐diphenylvinylacetic acid
Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐tripropionyl‐
s
‐triazine
Authors: Teeters W. O. , Gradsten M. A. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐tripropionyl‐
s
‐triazine

product: hexahydro‐1,3,5‐tripropionyl‐
s
‐triazine
Vinyl Laurate and Other Vinyl Esters
Authors: Swern Daniel , Jordan E. F. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Vinyl laurate and other vinyl esters

reactant: 206 g. (2.4 moles) of freshly distilled vinyl acetate

reactant: 80 g. (0.4 mole) of lauric acid

product: vinyl laurate

product: Caproate

product: Caprylate

product: Pelargonate

product: Caprate

product: Myristate

product: Palmitate (m.p. 26.7–27.1°)

product: Stearate (m.p. 35–36°)

product: 10‐Hendecenoate

product: Oleate

reactant: caproic acid, b.p. 96°/8 mm., Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation, New York

reactant: caprylic acid

reactant: capric acid, b.p. 145–146°/8 mm., Armour and Company, Chicago, Illinois

reactant: pelargonic acid, b.p. 176°/64 mm., Emery Industries, Cincinnati, Ohio

reactant: 10‐hendecenoic (undecylenic) acid, b.p. 177–180°/25 mm., Baker Castor Oil Company, New York
Arylureas:
p
‐Ethoxyphenylurea
Authors: Kurzer Frederick 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Arylureas:
p
‐ethoxyphenylurea

product:
p
‐ethoxyphenylurea

product:
p
‐methoxyphenylurea

product: 1‐(2‐hydroxy‐1‐naphthyl)urea
Ethyl α‐Acetyl‐β‐(2,3‐Dimethoxyphenyl)‐Propionate
Authors: Horning E. C. , Koo J. , Fish M. S. , Walker G. N. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

Ethyl α‐acetyl‐β‐(2,3‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐propionate

intermediate:
Ethyl α‐acetyl‐β‐(2,3‐dimethoxyphenyl)acrylate.

product:
Ethyl α‐acetyl‐β‐(2,3‐dimethoxyphenyl)propionate.

catalyst: 5 g. of 5% palladium‐on‐carbon
1‐(
p
‐Nitrophenyl)‐1,3‐Butadiene
Authors: Ropp Gus A. , Coyner Eugene C. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1‐(
p
‐Nitrophenyl)‐1,3‐butadiene

reactant: 138 g. (1.0 mole) of
p
‐nitroaniline

intermediate: 1‐(
p
‐nitrophenyl)‐4‐chloro‐2‐butene

solvent: 500 ml. of ligroin

product: 1‐(
p
‐nitrophenyl)‐1,3‐butadiene
1,1′‐Dicyano‐1,1′‐Bicyclohexyl
Authors: Overberger C. G. , Berenbaum M. B. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract

1,1′‐dicyano‐1,1′‐bicyclohexyl

product: Tetramethylsuccinonitrile

solvent: petroleum ether

product: 1,1′‐Dicyano‐1,1′‐bicyclohexyl
3‐Acetamido‐2‐butanone
Authors: Wiley Richard H. , Borum O. H. 
Published: November 2003

Abstract3‐Acetamido‐2‐butanoneproduct: 3‐acetamido‐2‐butanoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐1‐propionamido‐2‐butanoneproduct: acetamidoacetylacetoneproduct: N‐methylacetamidoacetoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐2‐acetamido‐3‐butanoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐2‐propionamido‐3‐pentanoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐2‐butyramido‐3‐hexanoneproduct: α‐benzamidopropiophenoneproduct: α‐benzamido‐β‐phenylpropiophenoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐1‐acetamidoacetoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐1‐benzamidoacetoneproduct: 1‐phenyl‐2‐benzamido‐3‐butanoneproduct: 3‐benzamido‐2‐butanoneproduct: 3‐acetamido‐5‐methyl‐2‐hexanone