bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of Bak and Bim via JNK downstream pathway in the response to nitric oxide in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Jin Hyeon‐Ok , Park In‐Chul , An Sungkwan , Lee Hyung‐Chahn , Woo Sang‐Hyeok , Hong Young‐Joon , Lee Su‐Jae , Park Myung‐Jin , Yoo Doo‐Hyun , Rhee Chang‐Hun , Hong Seok‐Il 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a chemical messenger implicated in neuronal damage associated with ischemia neurodegenerative disease and excitotoxicity. In the present study, we examined the biological effects of NO and its mechanisms in human malignant glioblastoma cells. Addition of a NO donor, S‐nitroso‐N‐acetyl‐penicillamine (SNAP), induced apoptosis in U87MG human glioblastoma cells, accompanied by opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores, release of cytochrome c and AIF, and subsequently by caspase activation. NO‐induced apoptosis occurred concurrently with significantly increased levels of the Bak and Bim. Treatment with SNAP resulted in sustained activation of JNK and its downstream pathway, c‐Jun/AP‐1. The expression of dominant‐negative (DN)‐JNK1 and DN‐c‐Jun suppressed the activation of AP‐1, the induction of Bak and Bim, and the SNAP‐induced apoptosis. In addition, de novo protein synthesis was required for the initiation of apoptosis in that the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide (CHX), inhibited NO‐induced apoptotic cell death as well as up‐regulation of Bak and Bim. These results suggest that NO activates an apoptotic cascade, involving sustained JNK activation, AP‐1 DNA binding activity, and subsequent Bak and Bim induction, followed by cytochrome c and AIF releases and caspases cascade activation, resulting in human malignant brain tumor cell death. J. Cell. Physiol. 206: 477–486, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Columnar characteristics of aerosols by spectroradiometer measurements in the maritime area of the Cadiz Gulf (Spain)
Authors: Vergaz Ricardo , Cachorro Victoria E. , De Frutos Ángel M. , Vilaplana José M. , De La Morena Benito A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAtmospheric aerosol characteristics represented by the spectral aerosol optical depth AOD) and the α Ångström turbidity parameter were determined in the coastal area of the Gulf of Cádiz, (southwest of Spain). The columnar aerosol properties presented here correspond to the 1996–1999 period, and were obtained by solar direct irradiance measurements carried out by a Licor1800 spectroradiometer. The performance of this type of medium‐spectral resolution radiometric system is analysed over the measured period. The detailed spectral information of these irradiance measurements enabled the use of selected non‐absorption gases spectral windows to determine the columnar spectral AOD that was modelled by Ångström formula to obtain the α coefficient. Temporal evolutions of instantaneous values together with a general statistical analysis represented by seasonal values, frequency distributions and some representative correlations for the AOD and the derived α Ångström coefficient gave us the first insight of aerosol characteristics in this coastal area. Special attention was paid to the analysis of these aerosol properties at the nominal wavelengths of 440 nm, 670 nm, 870 nm and 1020 nm for the near‐future comparisons with the Cimel sun‐photometer data. However, taking the most representative aerosol wavelength of 500 nm, the variability of the AOD ranges from 0.005 to 0.53, with a mean of 0.12 (s.d = 0.07) and that of the α parameter is given by a mean value of 0.93 (s.d. = 0.58) falling inside the range of marine aerosols. A quantitative discrimination of aerosol types was conducted on the basis of the spectral aerosol properties and air mass back trajectory analysis, which resulted in a mixed type because of the specificity of this area, given by very frequent desert dust episodes, continental and polluted local influences. This study represents the first extended data characterization about columnar properties of aerosols in Spain which has been continued by Cimel‐AERONET data. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Testing solar forcing of pervasive Holocene climate cycles
Authors: Turney Chris , Baillie Mike , Clemens Steve , Brown David , Palmer Jonathan , Pilcher Jonathan , Reimer Paula , Leuschner Hanns Hubert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe temporal and spatial extent of Holocene climate change is an area of considerable uncertainty, with solar forcing recently proposed to be the origin of cycles identified in the North Atlantic region. To address these issues we have developed an annually resolved record of changes in Irish bog tree populations over the last 7468 years which, together with radiocarbon‐dated bog and lake‐edge populations, extend the dataset back to ∼9000 yr ago. The Irish trees underpin the internationally accepted radiocarbon calibration curve, used to derive a proxy of solar activity, and allow us to test solar forcing of Holocene climate change. Tree populations and age structures provide unambiguous evidence of major shifts in Holocene surface moisture, with a dominant cyclicity of 800 yr, similar to marine cycles in the North Atlantic, indicating significant changes in the latitude and intensity of zonal atmospheric circulation across the region. The cycles, however, are not coherent with changes in solar activity (both being on the same absolute timescale), indicating that Holocene North Atlantic climate variability at the millennial and centennial scale is not driven by a linear response to changes in solar activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Holocene shore displacement of Gästrikland, eastern Sweden: a contribution to the knowledge of Scandinavian glacio‐isostatic uplift
Authors: Berglund Mikael 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe shore displacement in Gästrikland, east‐central Sweden, has been investigated by means of AMS radiocarbon dating of sediment cores from isolated basins. Twenty dates from 11 sites are presented. Pollen and diatom analyses, and archive material from the Geological Survey of Sweden, have been used to identify isolation intervals in the cores and as chronological support to the 14C dates. An important pollen stratigraphical time‐marker is a distinct mid‐Holocene increase in Tilia. For the mid‐Holocene, pollen stratigraphy is used rather than the 14C dates for the age determination. The deglaciation of Gästrikland, according to the new 14C dates, took place ca. 11 000 cal. yr BP (ca. 9500 14C yr BP). Through the Holocene the shore displacement is regressive. The regression was initially rapid (on average ca. 3.5 m per 100 yr 11 000–7500 cal. yr BP, probably much more rapid at the earliest stage), then slowed down considerably and was from ca. 5000 cal. yr BP (probably already from 7000 cal. yr BP) relatively constant, ca. 0.8–0.9 m per 100 yr. There are important differences between the shore level curve from Gästrikland and curves from other areas, indicating some irregularities in the regional glacio‐isostatic rebound. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mid‐ and late Holocene tree population density changes in northern Fennoscandia derived by a new method using megafossil pines and their tree‐ring series
Authors: Helama S. , Lindholm M. , Timonen M. , Eronen M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractChanges in tree density are estimated for the northern forest‐limit region of Finnish Lapland over the past seven and a half millennia. This is done using dendrochronologically dated Scots pine megafossils and their tree‐ring series. Direct and indirect estimates of past tree density are derived from chronology sample size (CSS) and growth trend modelling (GTM) respectively. The latter is a new method, where the past levels of growth competition (the influence of nearby trees) are extracted from the behaviour of growth trends in cross‐dated tree‐ring series, trends that are expected to be driven by tree‐density control. Two records constructed from the same original data set but by different means (independently) correlate significantly. Both records show a tree‐density maximum around 3000–1750 BC, indicating relative warmth during that time. Another positive tree‐density anomaly occurred in accordance with the ‘Medieval Warm Period’, preceding the thinning at the forest‐limit due to the ‘Little Ice Age’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse metabolism of cell wall components of melting and non‐melting peach genotypes during ripening after harvest or cold storage
Authors: Manganaris George A , Vasilakakis Miltiadis , Diamantidis Grigorios , Mignani Ilaria 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe mode of change in a range of physiological, physicochemical and biochemical parameters during fruit ripening between distinct peach genotypes (Prunus persica L. Batsch) after cold storage for up to 4 weeks was determined. The nectarine cultivar ‘Caldesi 2000’ was selected as a genotype with melting flesh (MF) characteristic (fruits characterized by extensive flesh softening during ripening) and the cultivar ‘Andross’ as a genotype with non‐melting flesh (NMF) characteristic (fruits characterized by limited flesh softening during ripening). Flesh firmness, ethylene production, physicochemical and biochemical properties of the cell wall were determined and significant differences between the fruits of the two genotypes were recorded. Fruits of the NMF genotype were characterized by higher tissue retention and ethylene production during their ripening, higher content of uronic acids, as well as higher capacity for calcium binding in the water‐insoluble pectin fraction compared with fruits of the MF genotype. Additionally, the ripening of MF‐type fruits was characterized by higher losses of neutral sugars, especially those of arabinose and galactose than the NMF‐type fruits and these losses were more intense after extended cold storage periods. In fruits of the NMF genotype the decreased activity of pectin methyl esterase (PME) combined with higher levels of calcium in the water‐insoluble pectin fraction possibly provided less substrate for polygalacturonase (exo‐, endo‐PG) activity and less solubility of cell wall pectin compared with fruits of the MF genotype. Overall, the data indicate the existence of a wide range of diverse metabolic pathways during fruit ripening of fresh fruits with MF and NMF characteristics. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical changes during strawberry development in the field compared with those that occur in harvested fruit during storage
Authors: Nunes M Cecilia N , Brecht Jeffrey K , Morais Alcina MMB , Sargent Steven A 
Published: September 2005

Abstract‘Chandler’, ‘Oso Grande’ and ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry cultivars were harvested at four stages of color development ranging from color break to full red and stored in the dark for 8 days at 1 °C. Changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of fruit during storage were compared with those occurring during development in the field. Strawberry fruit harvested at the three‐quarters colored and full red stages continued their development and ripening during storage. However, fruit harvested at the color break and half‐colored stages did not develop like those ripened in the field. Strawberries harvested at the three‐quarters colored stage developed the same pH, acidity, soluble solids, ascorbic acid and total phenolics content during storage as the at‐harvest levels present in strawberries harvested at the full red stage. In addition, three‐quarters colored strawberries were as firm and red after storage as the full red stage fruit were at the time of harvest. Thus, strawberries harvested at the three‐quarters colored stage can be stored for a longer period than strawberries harvested full red while retaining better color and firmness. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of high‐pressure and traditional thermal processing of tomato purée on carotenoids, vitamin C and antioxidant activity
Authors: Sánchez‐Moreno Concepción , Plaza Lucía , de Ancos Begoña , Cano M Pilar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBioactive compounds (carotenoids and vitamin C) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity [50% depletion of initial DPPH• radical (EC50) and antiradical efficiency (AE)], in aqueous (AQ) and organic (OR) fractions, were measured in tomato purée subjected to high‐pressure (HP) (400 MPa/25 °C/15 min), low pasteurisation (LPT) (70 °C/30 s), high pasteurisation (HPT) (90 °C/1 min), freezing (F) (−38 °C/15 min), and HPT plus F (HPT + F). In addition, physical and physicochemical parameters were evaluated. CIELab uniform colour space parameters (lightness, L*; green‐red tonality, a*; and blue‐yellow tonality, b*) were significantly higher both in the untreated and in the HP tomato purée than in the rest of the samples. Individual and total carotenoids, and provitamin A carotenoids, were significantly higher in HP tomato purée than in the untreated and other treated tomato purées. Ascorbic acid and total vitamin C were significantly lower in HP, LPT, HPT, and HPT + F tomato purées than in the untreated and F purées. In the AQ fractions, we found an inverse significant correlation between both ascorbic acid and total vitamin C and EC50AQ; and a positive significant correlation with AEAQ. In the OR fractions, a significant correlation was found between EC50OR and AEOR parameters and lycopene and total carotenoids. Total scavenging activity (AQ + OR fractions) in HP tomato purée was similar to that in LPT, HPT, and HPT + F purées. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of polyphenol oxidase from Uapaca kirkiana fruit
Authors: Muchuweti Maud , Mupure Chipo H , Ndhlala Ashwell R , Kasiyamhuru Abisha 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPolyphenol oxidase (PPO), the enzyme responsible for the postharvest spoilage of fruits, was extracted and purified from Uapaca kirkiana peel and pulp by ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Further purification of peel PPO was carried out by gel filtration chromatography. Optimum pH values were 7 and 8 for peel and pulp PPO, respectively. The optimum temperatures for peel and pulp PPO were 45 and 35 °C, respectively. Inhibition studies of the PPO enzyme were performed using citric acid, sodium azide, sodium metabisulfite and thiourea. The most effective inhibitors were sodium azide and citric acid for both peel and pulp PPO. Vmax and Km values were 13.63 units min−1 and 4.923 mmol L−1, respectively, for peel PPO and 14.03 units min−1 and 5.43 mmol L−1, respectively, for pulp PPO. Three isoenzymes of Uapaca kirkiana PPO were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. One of the isoenzymes could be identified as having a molecular weight of 26 625 Da. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous determination of metformin and glimepride in pharmaceutical dosage form by reverse‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Kolte Bhaskar Laxmanrao , Raut Bharat Baburao , Deo Adwait Anant , Bagool Manoj Anil , Shinde Devanand Baburao 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA simple, rapid, and precise reversed‐phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of metformin in combination with glimepride. Under the developed conditions, good separation of the analytes was achieved in short analysis time. Several parameters affecting the separation of the analytes were studied, including pH and the concentration of SDS. The method is validated and shown to be linear in the range of 25 μg/mL to 150 μg/mL for metformin and 0.1 μg/mL to 0.6 μg/mL for glimepride. The method is applied for the analysis of these analytes in commercially available tablets.
Behaviour of carbamate pesticides in gas chromatography and their determination with solid‐phase extraction and solid‐phase microextraction as preconcentration steps
Authors: Carabias‐Martínez Rita , García‐Hermida César , Rodríguez‐Gonzalo Encarnación , Ruano‐Miguel Luis 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis work reports a study of the chromatographic behaviour of seven carbamate pesticides (aldicarb, carbetamide, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, methiocarb, and pirimicarb) by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Variables such as injector temperature, solvent, injection mode, and the degree of ageing of the chromatographic column were studied. One of the aims of this work was to achieve a controlled decomposition of carbamates by a solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration step with a polyacrylate fibre in order to obtain reproducible chromatographic signals of the degradation products. Optimisation of the SPME process was accomplished by means of experimental design. Several methods using ultrapure water were developed with different preconcentration configurations: SPME‐GC‐MS, SPE followed by SPME‐GC‐MS, and SPE plus GC‐MS. For all the pesticides studied, method detection limit (MDL) values below 0.1 μg L–1were reached in at least one of the proposed configurations.
Selective enrichment of anti‐inflammatory drugs from river water samples by solid‐phase extraction with a molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Caro Ester , Marcé Rosa M. , Cormack Peter A. G. , Sherrington David C. , Borrull Francesc 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is synthesised by a noncovalent protocol in which ibuprofen was used as a template molecule. The polymer was evaluated chromatographically and it was seen that the MIP showed cross‐reactivity. Subsequently, when this polymer was used as sorbent in SPE it was possible to selectively extract a mixture of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs from aqueous samples when a clean‐up step with dichloromethane was performed. The performance of the MIP was evaluated with river water and water from a wastewater treatment plant, and compared with the performance of a commercial Isolute ENV+ sorbent.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of aurasperone A and fonsecinone A, two bis‐naphthopyrones produced by Aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Campos Francinete Ramos , Barison Andersson , Daolio Cristina , Ferreira Antonio G. , Rodrigues‐Fo Edson 
Published: September 2005

AbstractComplete assignments of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of the polyketides aurasperone A and fonsecinone A were made by means of nuclear Overhauser enhancement and heteronuclear NMR correlation experiments. These compounds were isolated for the first time from Aspergillus aculeatus, an endophytic fungus obtained from leaves of Melia azedarach(Meliaceae). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standardized versus open‐ended assessment of psychosocial and medical concerns among African American breast cancer patients
Authors: Shelby Rebecca A. , Lamdan Ruth M. , Siegel Jamie E. , Hrywna Mary , Taylor Kathryn L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractStandardized quality of life measures have been developed and used primarily with Caucasian and middle‐class cancer patients. This study assessed the ability of several widely used standardized measures to capture the concerns and problems of 89 African American breast cancer patients. Concerns and problems were assessed using both an open‐ended format and standardized measures. The degree of overlap in responses from these two formats was examined. The most frequently reported problems in the open‐ended format included physical (43%), financial (40%), and worry about others (30%). Overall, standardized measures had significant overlap with open‐ended concerns and problems. The Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System‐Short Form subscales/items were associated with corresponding open‐ended physical, financial, and social problems (R2 change=0.07–0.16, p's⩽0.02), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List‐Short Form was associated with open‐ended social problems (R2 change=0.11, p=0.004), and the Mental Health Inventory was associated with open‐ended psychological distress problems (R2 change=0.08, p=0.01). One category of open‐ended problems, worry about others, was not captured by standardized measures. With the exception of associations between open‐ended physical problems and psychological distress measures, there were few significant correlations between standardized measures and dissimilar problem categories. These findings suggest that the standardized measures in this study reflected the concerns and problems of African American breast cancer patients. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the utility of other widely used standardized measures that have not been developed or standardized among non‐white samples. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxygen precipitation in neutron‐irradiated Czochralski silicon annealed at elevated temperature
Authors: Cui Can , Yang Deren , Ma Xiangyang , Fan Ruixin , Que Duanlin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe effects of vacancies introduced by neutron‐irradiation on oxygen precipitation at elevated temperatures in Czochralski (CZ) silicon have been investigated. In comparison with noirradiated CZ silicon, the neutron‐irradiated CZ silicon exhibits stronger oxygen precipitation at 1050 °C or 1150 °C due to the existence of supersaturated vacancies in the bulk. Moreover, it is proved that the oxygen out‐diffusion at high temperature is not enhanced by the supersaturated vacancies induced by neutron‐irradiation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical analysis and interface states evaluation of Ni Schottky diodes on 4H‐SiC thick epilayers
Authors: Porro Samuele , Ciechonski Rafal R. , Syväjärvi Mikael , Yakimova Rositza 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis work has been focused on characterization of thick 4H‐SiC layers produced by sublimation epitaxy. Nickel Schottky contacts have been fabricated in order to characterize the grown material and evaluate the interfacial layer between metal and semiconductor. The characterization study includes current–voltage and capacitance–voltage high temperature measurements, from which Schottky barrier, net donor concentration and on‐state resistance values have been extracted. The diodes show a typical behavior of J–V and C–V curves with temperature, with Schottky barrier heights of 1.3 eV ÷ 1.4 eV and net donor concentration of 4 × 1015 cm–3 ÷ 1 × 1016 cm–3. From the Bardeen's model on reverse J–V, the density of states of the interfacial layer has been estimated to 7 × 1011 eV–1 cm–2 ÷ 8 × 1011 eV–1 cm–2, a value that is similar to the density of states of oxide layers in deliberated MOS structures realized on the same epilayers. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of point‐group symmetries in chemistry and physics: A computer‐algebraic approach
Authors: Fritzsche S. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present application of computer algebra is reviewed for its use in physical and quantum chemistry. After the rapid development of a great deal of numerical algorithms and codes during the past five decades, it is time that symbolic techniques become available in the chemical sciences. A careful implementation of such symbolic methods will make many tasks more efficient and will facilitate the investigation of many quantum systems. Following a brief account of the advantages and specific requests of applying computer algebra in chemistry and physics, emphasis is placed in this contribution on the BETHE program, a recently developed tool for using point‐group symmetries in various fields of chemistry, including molecular spectroscopy, ligand‐field theory, and material science, or even for the construction of molecular wave functions. Besides the great promise of symbolic techniques for modern research, their merits for education are pointed out, as computer algebra systems are likely to replace the traditional program languages in the undergraduate programs of chemistry and physics. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006