bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DXA-based Fat Mass With Risk of Worsening Insulin Resistance in Adolescents: A 9-Year Temporal and Mediation Study
Authors: Agbaje Andrew O , Saner Christoph , Zhang Jie , Henderson Mélanie , Tuomainen Tomi-Pekka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Surrogate measures of childhood and adolescent obesity have impaired the understanding of the relationship of body composition with insulin resistance in the young population.

Objective
We aim to examine the longitudinal associations of directly measured total fat mass, trunk fat mass, and lean mass with the risk of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance from ages 15 to 24 years, the mediation path through which lipids and inflammation influence insulin resistance, and whether increased fat mass temporally precede insulin resistance.

Methods
We studied 3160 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, who had complete dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measure and fasting blood samples at age 15 years and repeated measures at ages 17- and 24-years clinic visit. Fasting glucose greater than 6.1 mmol/L, insulin greater than 11.78 mU/L, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) greater than or equal to the 75th percentile were categorized as hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and high insulin resistance, respectively. Longitudinal associations were examined with generalized logit-mixed-effect models, while mediation and temporal path analyses were examined using structural equation models, adjusting for cardiometabolic and lifestyle factors.

Results
Among 3160 participants (51% female), fat mass and lean mass increased linearly both in males and females, while glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR had a U-shaped course from age 15 through 24 years. After full adjustment, each 1-kg cumulative increase in total fat mass (odds ratio 1.12 [95% CI, 1.11-1.13]) and trunk fat mass (1.21 [1.19-1.23]) from ages 15 through 24 years were associated with a progressively worsening risk of high insulin resistance as well as hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. The association of increased total fat mass with increased insulin resistance was partly mediated by triglycerides (9% mediation). In the temporal path analysis, higher total fat mass at age 15 years was associated with higher insulin resistance at age 17 years, but not vice versa. Higher total fat mass at age 17 years was bidirectionally associated with higher insulin resistance at 24 years.

Conclusion
Mid-adolescence may be an optimal time for interrupting the worsening fat mass–insulin resistance pathologic cycle and attenuating the risk of progressively worsening metabolic dysfunction before young adulthood.
Intercellular contact and cargo transfer between Müller glia and to microglia precede apoptotic cell clearance in the developing retina
Authors: Morales Michael , Findley Anna P. , Mitchell Diana M. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
To clarify our understanding of glial phagocytosis in retinal development, we used real-time imaging of larval zebrafish to provide cell-type specific resolution of this process. We show that radial Müller glia frequently participate in microglial phagocytosis while also completing a subset of phagocytic events. Müller glia actively engage with dying cells through initial target cell contact and phagocytic cup formation, after which an exchange of the dying cell from Müller glia to microglia often takes place. In addition, we find evidence that Müller glia cellular material, possibly from the initial Müller cell phagocytic cup, is internalized into microglial compartments. Previously undescribed Müller cell behaviors were seen, including cargo splitting, wrestling for targets and lateral passing of cargo to neighbors. Collectively, our work provides new insight into glial functions and intercellular interactions, which will allow future work to understand these behaviors on a molecular level.
Efficient Propagation Techniques for Handling Cyclic Symmetries in Binary Programs
Authors: van Doornmalen Jasper , Hojny Christopher 
Published: January 2024

The presence of symmetries in binary programs typically degrades the performance of branch-and-bound solvers. In this article, we derive efficient variable fixing algorithms to discard symmetric solutions from the search space based on propagation techniques for cyclic groups. Our algorithms come with the guarantee to find all possible variable fixings that can be derived from symmetry arguments; that is, one cannot find more variable fixings than those found by our algorithms. Because every permutation symmetry group of a binary program has cyclic subgroups, the derived algorithms can be used to handle symmetries in any symmetric binary program. In experiments, we also provide numerical evidence that our algorithms handle symmetries more efficiently than other variable fixing algorithms for cyclic symmetries. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0060 .
Treatment of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia with bevacizumab – what more needs to be known?
Authors: Morrissey Edmond , Schmidt-Martin Daniel , Buckley Martin 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare multi-organ vascular disease. It is characterised by mucocutaneous telangiectasia, epistaxis, and arteriovenous malformations. Some 70% of patients with HHT are thought to have issues with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Traditional management of GI bleeding in HHT includes monitoring for iron deficiency anaemia, iron replacement, antifibrinolytic therapy and control of identifiable bleeding sites with argon photocoagulation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Blood transfusion may also be required. Case description: Our case describes a man in his 40s with confirmed HHT, with transfusion-dependent anaemia secondary to GI bleeding. He was commenced on fortnightly bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) for 12 weeks in an attempt to reduce his blood transfusion requirement and manage his anaemia. In the months prior to starting bevacizumab, our patient’s transfusion requirement ranged from 3–5 units of packed red cells per month to maintain an Hb >8 g/dl. He had a marked improvement in his symptoms within the first month of treatment and did not require any further blood transfusion during the three months of treatment. He was given one further IV iron infusion in the final month of his 3-month bevacizumab treatment and did not experience any adverse side effects from bevacizumab. Discussion: HHT results from alterations to genes which encode proteins involved in blood vessel formation. This provides the rationale for using anti VEGF drugs such as bevacizumab. Current evidence for this treatment approach is limited. Conclusion: Bevacizumab can be an effective treatment option in patients with HHT refractory to traditional management.
Ferramentas de educação permanentes em tempos de pandemia da covid-19
Authors: De Lima Jessyellen Pereira , Suênia Bezerra da Silva Rávila , Márcia Resende e Almeida Santos Cunha Sabrina , Driely Silva de Moura Laedja 
Published: January 2024

Introdução: A educação permanente em saúde compõe diferentes formações, propondo fortalecer as equipes e gerando maior qualidade no trabalho. O foco no cotidiano faz com que o profissional de saúde esteja sempre em busca de melhorias nas práticas e na melhor resolução dos problemas. Com o advento da pandemia da covid-19, houve necessidade de mudanças na organização do atendimento no âmbito do sistema único de saúde, resultando necessidades do desenvolvimento de ações de educação permanente direcionando o cuidado ao paciente e promovendo prevenção a saúde do trabalhador. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias utilizadas durante a pandemia da covid-19 para efetuação das ações de educação permanente em Saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura através da consulta de dados nas plataformas online: Scielo, Lilacs e Medline. Resultados: Foram encontrados 58 artigos, dos quais foram excluídos os que não respondiam ao objetivo de estudo (30 artigos), contidos em mais de uma plataforma (6 artigos), e (2 artigos) não permitiam o acesso gratuito. Conclusão: A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe desafios importantes e a capacidade de respostas às novas demandas. Assim, a educação permanente se tornou fundamental, de capacitação e instrumentalização sendo exemplos mais utilizados para isso as ferramentas tecnológicas e interativas.
High FOM PCF-SPR refractive index sensor based on MgF2-Au double-layer films
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Kaiyu , Li Xinrui , Liu Wei , Lv Tingting , Zhao Xueyan , Lv Jingwei , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao 
Published: January 2024

A simple twin-core D-shape photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) is designed for the measurement of refractive indices
(RI). The twin-core D-shape structure enhances the SPR effect, and the MgF2-Au dual-layer film narrows the
linewidth in the loss spectrum, consequently improving both the
sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM). The properties of the sensor
are analyzed by the finite element method. In the RI range of
1.32–1.42, the maximum wavelength sensitivity, FOM, and resolution are
62,000 nm/RIU, 1281RIU−1, and 1.61×10−6, respectively.
Carbon stock changes of drained nutrient-rich organic forest soils in Latvia
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava’ (LSFRI Silava), Rigas str. 111, Salaspils, LV-2169, Latvia, Lazdiņš Andis , Lupiķis Ainārs , Polmanis Kaspars , Bārdule Arta , Butlers Aldis , Kalēja Santa 
Published: January 2024

Impact of drainage of organic soils in forest land on soil carbon (C) stock changes is of high interest not only to accurately estimate soil C stock changes, but also to provide scientifically based recommendations for forest land management in context of climate change mitigation. To improve knowledge about long-term impact of drainage on nutrient-rich organic soils in hemiboreal forests in Latvia, 50 research sites representing drained conditions (Oxalidosa turf. mel. (Kp) and Myrtillosa turf. mel. (Ks) forest site types) and undrained conditions as control areas (Caricoso-phragmitosa, Dryopterioso-caricosa and Filipendulosa forest site types) were selected. Soil C stock changes after drainage was evaluated by comparing current C stock in drained organic soils to theoretical C stock before drainage considering impact of soil subsidence. During the 53-years period after drainage, the peat subsidence was higher in nutrient-rich Kp forest site type compared to moderate nutrient-rich Ks forest site type (peat subsided by 37.0 ± 4.8 and 23.3 ± 4.8 cm, respectively). In nutrient-rich Kp forest site type, soil C stock decreased by 4.98 ± 1.58 Mg C ha–1 yr–1 after drainage, while no statistically significant changes in soil C stock (0.19 ± 1.31 Mg C ha–1 yr–1) were observed in moderate nutrient-rich soils in Ks forest site type. Thus, in Ks forest site type, the main driver of the peat subsidence was the physical compaction, while in Kp forest site type contribution of organic matter decomposition and consequent soil C losses to subsidence of the peat was significant.
BİST SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK 25 ENDEKSİNDE YER ALAN OTOMOTİV ŞİRKETLERİNİN ÇEVRESEL SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİRLİK PERFORMANSLARININ İÇERİK ANALİZİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: KAYACAN Ayfer , ATAMAN Başak 
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bist Sürdürülebilirlik 25 endeksinde yer alan otomotiv şirketlerinin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik performanslarını şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik raporlarında yer alan bilgiler ile GRI 300’lü seride yer alan çevresel performans göstergelerine uyum sağlayıp sağlamadıklarını araştırmaktır. Araştırma şirketlerin sürdürülebilirlik raporlarındaki çevre ve iklim değişikliği bölümlerinde yer alan bilgilerle içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Böylece otomotiv sektöründeki şirketlerinin sürdürülebilirlik raporları esas alınarak çevresel konulara olan duyarlılığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Araştırmanın sonucunda şirketlerin çevre ve iklim değişikliği konusunda oldukça duyarlı oldukları ve paydaşlara tatmin edici düzeyde açıklamalarda bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın GRI 300 Çevresel Standartlar göstergelerine uyum konusunda genel olarak şirketlerin enerji tüketimi, su ve atık yönetimi konularında yeterli düzeyde açıklama yaptıkları görülmüş, biyoçeşitlilik, çevre uyumu ve tedarikçi çevresel değerlendirmeleri konusunda yeterli açıklama yapmadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Clinical, biochemical, and molecular profiles of three Sri Lankan neonates with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
Authors: Jasinge Eresha , Fernando Mihika , Indika Neluwa-Liyanage Ruwan , Ratnayake Pyara Dilani , Gamaathige Nalin , Ratnaranjith Ratnanathan , Schroeder Sabine , Jones Patricia , Volha Skrahina , Jayasena Subhashinie , Gunaratna Anusha Varuni , Bandara Ekanayake Asitha Niroshana , Rolfs Arndt 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Pyruvate carboxylase, a mitochondrial enzyme, catalyses the conversion of glycolytic end-product pyruvate to tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, oxaloacetate. Rare pyruvate carboxylase deficiency manifests in three clinical and biochemical phenotypes: neonatal onset type A, infantile onset type B and a benign C type. The objective of this case series is to expand the knowledge of overlapping clinical and biochemical phenotypes of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

Case presentation
We report three Sri Lankan neonates including two siblings, of two unrelated families with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. All three developed respiratory distress within the first few hours of birth. Two siblings displayed typical biochemical findings reported in type B. The other proband with normal citrulline, lysine, moderate lactate, paraventricular cystic lesions, bony deformities, and a novel missense, homozygous variant c.2746G>C [p.(Asp916His)] in the PC gene, biochemically favoured type A.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate the necessity of prompt laboratory investigations in a tachypneic neonate with coexisting metabolic acidosis, as early recognition is essential for patient management and family counselling. Further case studies are required to identify overlapping symptoms and biochemical findings in different types of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency phenotypes.
A new species of Craspedostauros (Bacillariophyceae) from the west coast of Sweden, with taxonomic and ecological notes on Craspedostauros laevissimus
Authors: Al-Handal Adil Y. , Ashworth Matt P. , Wulff Angela 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Since its separation from Stauroneis in 1999, several new species of Craspedostauros were discovered in a variety of habitats and geographic locations, adding morphological and phylogenetic data to the investigations of the genus. In a survey of littoral diatoms of Sweden, both on the west and east coasts, two epiphytic stauros-bearing species were encountered and assigned to Craspedostauros following the characteristic features of this genus, including the possession of a stauros narrower than the central area and cribrate areolae. One species is described as new to science; Craspedostauros lateralis sp. nov., and the other is of uncertain identity but bears morphological similarity to C. laevissimus. Caspedostauros lateralis is a marine epiphytic species found in the west coast of Sweden, off Gothenburg city. Based on light and electron microscopy, a detailed description of the morphological and ultrastructural features of these species is given and a comparison of the distinguishing characters with allied species is discussed. Some ecological data and the occurrence of associated species on the host macrophyte are provided.
A note on b-generalized (α,β)-derivations in prime rings
Authors: Bera Nripendu , Dhara Basudeb 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Let R be a prime ring, let

0
≠
b
∈
R

{0\neq b\in R}

, and let α and β be two automorphisms of R. Suppose that

F
:

R
→
R

{F:R\rightarrow R}

,

F
1

:

R
→
R

{F_{1}:R\rightarrow R}

are two b-generalized

(
α
,
β
)

{(\alpha,\beta)}

-derivations of R associated with the same

(
α
,
β
)

{(\alpha,\beta)}

-derivation

d
:

R
→
R

d:R\rightarrow R

, and let

G
:

R
→
R

G:R\rightarrow R

be a b-generalized

(
α
,
β
)

(\alpha,\beta)

-derivation of R associated with

(
α
,
β
)

(\alpha,\beta)

-derivation

g
:

R
→
R

g:R\rightarrow R

. The main objective of this paper is to investigate
the following algebraic identities:

(1)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

α
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(xy)+\alpha(xy)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(2)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

G
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
α
⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(xy)+G(x)\alpha(y)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(3)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

G
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

+

α
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(xy)+G(yx)+\alpha(xy)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(4)

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
F
⁢

(
y
)

+

G
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
α
⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(x)F(y)+G(x)\alpha(y)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(5)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

F
1

⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

=
0

{F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+\alpha(xy)=0}

,

(6)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

F
1

⁢

(
y
)

=
0

{F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)=0}

,

(7)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

F
1

⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(8)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

F
1

⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

=
0

{F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+\alpha(xy)+\alpha(yx)=0}

,

(9)

F
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

+

d
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

F
1

⁢

(
y
)

+

α
⁢

(

y
⁢
x

)

-

α
⁢

(

x
⁢
y

)

=
0

{F(xy)+d(x)F_{1}(y)+\alpha(yx)-\alpha(xy)=0}

,

(10)

[

F
⁢

(
x
)

,
x
]

α
,
β

=
0

{[F(x),x]_{\alpha,\beta}=0}

,

(11)

(

F
⁢

(
x
)

∘
x

)

α
,
β

=
0

{(F(x)\circ x)_{\alpha,\beta}=0}

,

(12)

F
⁢

(

[
x
,
y
]

)

=

[
x
,
y
]

α
,
β

{F([x,y])=[x,y]_{\alpha,\beta}}

,

(13)

F
⁢

(

x
∘
y

)

=

(

x
∘
y

)

α
,
β

{F(x\circ y)=(x\circ y)_{\alpha,\beta}}

for all

x
,
y

{x,y}

in some suitable subset of R.
Humor styles in the classroom: students’ perceptions of lecturer humor
Authors: James Lucy Amelia , Fox Claire Louise 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Previous research has shown that humor can have an impact on people’s interpersonal relationships and the way they are perceived by others. In addition, it has been suggested that use of humor by teachers can be positive, but also negative. The aim of the research was to examine students’ perceptions of lecturers described as using different ‘humor styles.’ Using an online study, a sample of undergraduate students (n = 201) were presented with one of 20 vignettes of a male or female lecturer using a particular style of humor (affiliative, aggressive, self-defeating, self-enhancing) or no humor, while they were teaching content described as ‘easy’ or ‘challenging.’ They responded to questions to assess: approachability of the lecturer, feelings of engagement, perceptions of the learning environment, and general perceptions of the lecturer. It was found that a lecturer using aggressive humor was perceived more negatively compared to when using the other humor styles, and that the adaptive styles of humor (particularly affiliative) had a positive impact on student perceptions, compared to when no humor was used. Self-defeating humor was perceived more positively compared to aggressive humor, but, unexpectedly, no differently to the other styles of humor. The findings will add to the growing literature on the use of humor in an educational context.
Mock impoliteness in Spanish: evidence from the VALESCO.HUMOR corpus
Authors: Ruiz-Gurillo Leonor 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Mock impoliteness is defined as a specific form of politeness, one in which participants in a conversation perceive acts such as jocular mockery, insults and banter as non-impolite (Haugh, Michael & Derek Bousfield. 2012. Mock impoliteness in interactions amongst Australian and British speakers of English. Journal of Pragmatics 44. 1099–1114). Following the model of the third wave of politeness and Sinkeviciute, Valeria (2019. Conversational humour and (im) politeness: A pragmatic analysis of social interaction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins), the aim of this paper is twofold. First, it seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon in colloquial conversation. Second, it illustrates this in a language other than English, specifically Peninsular Spanish, using data on informal interactions. The database is composed of 148 humorous sequences from the VALESCO.HUMOR corpus (http://www.observahumor.com/corpus_valesco). 25.67 % of these were identified and analyzed as mock impoliteness, using a tentative procedure for exploring humor negotiation in mock impoliteness through the assessment of a number of elements. These included the issue of which linguistic and paralinguistic elements are used by participants, and the interpretation of the initial aggressive style focused on the target, be it the recipient in a conversation or an absent third party (Béal, Christine & Kerry Mullan. 2017. The pragmatics of conversational humour in social visits: French and Australian English. Language & Communication 55. 24–40). Finally, we considered the question of whether or not the humor introduced by mock impoliteness was sustained throughout a sequence. When a target is oriented to a recipient in the exchange, the data shows a trend towards strengthening social bonds with the group and sustaining humor across the sequence. In other cases, however, the recipient might feel offended or insulted and hence respond in a serious mode, the main effect of the humor then being to create social distance within the participant group. When the target is oriented to an absent third party, humor tends to serve to reinforce cohesiveness between the group at the expense of others.
Why cartoons make (some of) us smile
Authors: Dunbar Robin I. M. , Stirling-Middleton Emma 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Pocket cartoons are a regular feature of most contemporary newspapers and magazines. As such, they represent a way of conveying complex social and political commentary in a simple visual form. How well we enjoy verbal (oral) jokes depends on the number of mindstates in the joke, and here we ask whether this is also true of visual cartoons. We use survey data from a sample of 3,380 participants attending a public exhibition of published print media cartoons by well-known cartoonists to determine the extent to which viewers’ ratings of cartoons are determined by the mentalizing content of cartoons, the participants’ gender and age, and the publication date of the cartoon. We show that the number of mindstates involved in the cartoon affects its appreciation, just as in verbal jokes. In addition, we show that preferred topics vary by age and gender. While both genders strongly prefer cartoons that explore the complexities of romantic relationships, men rate visual jokes more highly than women do, whereas women prefer jokes that involve political commentary or the dynamics of close relationships. These differences seem to reflect differences in the way the social worlds of the two genders are organized.