bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge Puddles Driven Complex Crossover of Magnetoresistance in Non‐Topological Sulfur Doped Antimony Selenide Nanowires
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Dileep , Venkatesh R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA race to achieve a crossover from positive to negative magnetoresistance is intense in the field of nanostructured materials to reduce the size of memory devices. Here, the unusual complex magnetoresistance in nonmagnetic sulfur‐doped Sb2Se3 nanowires is demonstrated. Intentionally, sulfur is doped in such a way to nearly achieve the charge neutrality point that is evident from switching of carrier type from p‐type to n‐type at 13 K as inferred from the low‐temperature thermoelectric power measurements. A change from 3D variable range hopping (VRH) to power law transport with α = 0.18 in resistivity measurement signifies a Luttinger liquid transport with weak links through the nanowires. Interestingly, high magnetic field induced negative magnetoresistance (NMR) occurring in hole dominated temperature regimes can only be explained by invoking the concept of charge puddles. Spot energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurements, Tmott and Regel plot indicate an enhanced disorder in these sulfurized nanowires that are found to be the precursor for the formation of these charge puddles. Tunability of conducting states in these nanowires is investigated in the light of interplay of carrier type, magnetic field, temperature, and intricate intra‐inter wire transport that makes this nanowires potential for large scale spintronic devices.
A drug delivery platform using engineered MUC1‐targeting exosomes enhances chemosensitivity and immunogenic cell death in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Meng , Sun Chen , Liu Ruolan , Jiang Jiao , Qian Yuping , Yang Yulong , Sun Qinying , Dong Yuchao , Zhao Yan , Liu Yanfang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExosomes, a specific subset of extracellular vesicles, have diverse functions in various biological processes. In the field of cancer research, there has been a growing interest in the potential of exosomes to act as versatile vehicles for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted delivery platform using hypoimmunogenic exosomes by genetically modifying β2‐microglobulin knocking‐out HEK‐293F cells to express a fusion protein, referred to as αMUC1‐Exo, which comprises the exosomal membrane‐enriched platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, intracellular nanoluciferase, and extracellular anti‐MUC1 single‐chain variable fragment. The findings of this study indicate that αMUC1‐Exos exhibited notable drug delivery properties toward MUC1‐positive pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated a high level of biosafety and the absence of any adverse effects. The application of engineered exosomes as a vehicle for drug delivery holds promise for enhancing the immunogenicity of neoplastic cells following treatment, thereby inducing antitumor immune memory in mice with intact immune systems, and also improving the response to anti‐PD1 therapy. This approach utilizing engineered exosomes for Gemcitabine administration holds promise as a potential strategy for overcoming drug resistance in pancreatic carcinoma thereby improving the overall treatment efficacy.
Regression test prioritization leveraging source code similarity with tree kernels
Authors: Altiero Francesco , Corazza Anna , Di Martino Sergio , Peron Adriano , Libero Lucio Starace Luigi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRegression test prioritization (RTP) is an active research field, aiming at re‐ordering the tests in a test suite to maximize the rate at which faults are detected. A number of RTP strategies have been proposed, leveraging different factors to reorder tests. Some techniques include an analysis of changed source code, to assign higher priority to tests stressing modified parts of the codebase. Still, most of these change‐based solutions focus on simple text‐level comparisons among versions. We believe that measuring source code changes in a more refined way, capable of discriminating between mere textual changes (e.g., renaming of a local variable) and more structural changes (e.g., changes in the control flow), could lead to significant benefits in RTP, under the assumption that major structural changes are also more likely to introduce faults. To this end, we propose two novel RTP techniques that leverage tree kernels (TK), a class of similarity functions largely used in Natural Language Processing on tree‐structured data. In particular, we apply TKs to abstract syntax trees of source code, to more precisely quantify the extent of structural changes in the source code, and prioritize tests accordingly. We assessed the effectiveness of the proposals by conducting an empirical study on five real‐world Java projects, also used in a number of RTP‐related papers. We automatically generated, for each considered pair of software versions (i.e., old version, new version) in the evolution of the involved projects, 100 variations with artificially injected faults, leading to over 5k different software evolution scenarios overall. We compared the proposed prioritization approaches against well‐known prioritization techniques, evaluating both their effectiveness and their execution times. Our findings show that leveraging more refined code change analysis techniques to quantify the extent of changes in source code can lead to relevant improvements in prioritization effectiveness, while typically introducing negligible overheads due to their execution.
Recent Advances in Flexible Wearable Technology: From Textile Fibers to Devices
Authors: Zhao Yitao , Guo Xuefeng , Sun Hong , Tao Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSmart textile fabrics have been widely investigated and used in flexible wearable electronics because of their unique structure, flexibility and breathability, which are highly desirable with integrated multifunctionality. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of textile fiber‐based flexible wearable devices. However, the pristine textile fibers still can't meet the high standards for practical flexible wearable devices, which calls for the development of some effective modification strategies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the flexible wearable devices based on the textile fibers, putting special emphasis on the design and modifications of textile fibers. In addition, the applications of textile fibers in various fields and the critical role of textile fibers are also systematically discussed, which include the supercapacitors, sensors, triboelectric nanogenerators, thermoelectrics, and other self‐powered electronic devices. Finally, the main challenges that should be overcome and some effective solutions are also manifested, which will guide the future development of more effective textile fiber‐based flexible wearable devices.
Learning the sparse prior: Modern approaches
Authors: Peng Guan‐Ju 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sparse prior has been widely adopted to establish data models for numerous applications. In this context, most of them are based on one of three foundational paradigms: the conventional sparse representation, the convolutional sparse representation, and the multi‐layer convolutional sparse representation. When the data morphology has been adequately addressed, a sparse representation can be obtained by solving the sparse coding problem specified by the data model. This article presents a comprehensive overview of these three models and their corresponding sparse coding problems and demonstrates that they can be solved using convex and non‐convex optimization approaches. When the data morphology is not known or cannot be analyzed, it must be learned from training data, thereby formulating dictionary learning problems. This article addresses two different dictionary learning paradigms. In an unsupervised scenario, dictionary learning involves the alternating or joint resolution of sparse coding and dictionary updating. Another option is to create a recurrent neural network by unrolling algorithms designed to solve sparse coding problems. These networks can then be used in a supervised learning setting to facilitate the training of dictionaries via forward‐backward optimization. This article lists numerous applications in various domains and outlines several directions for future research related to the sparse prior.This article is categorized under:
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and Algorithms
Statistical Models > Nonlinear Models
The Risk of Risk Regulation: A Thirty-Year LSE Perspective
Authors: Lodge Martin , Hood Christopher 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDrawing on the analytic themes that featured in LSE’s teaching and research in the field since the early 1990s, this paper takes a ‘then and now’ three-decade perspective on the regulation of high-hazard industries. It argues there are some clear continuities in the underlying regulatory dilemma (namely, the costs and benefits of ‘togetherness’ versus social distance between regulators and regulatees) and in the recurring recipes for the handling of major risks. But it also shows that there have been shifts in the saliency of the various hazards in debate, new epistemic players (notably ethicists) figuring more prominently on the regulatory scene, and more awareness of political constraints on alternatives to classic regulation, such as enforced self-regulation and safety cultures in high-reliability organisation.
Auswirkungen des Klimawandels auf biogeochemische Stoffkreisläufe
Authors: Brüggemann Nicolas , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel wirkt sich auf biogeochemische Stoffkreisläufe aus. So kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich die ökosystemaren Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffflüsse zwischen Biosphäre, Atmosphäre und Hydrosphäre zukünftig deutlich verändern werden, mit positiven wie auch negativen Rückkopplungseffekten auf den Klimawandel. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels liegt auf wenig intensiv bis nicht genutzten terrestrischen Ökosystemen, da intensiv landwirtschaftlich genutzte Systeme deutlich stärker von Nutzung und Management beeinflusst werden als durch den Klimawandel. Die zu erwartenden Veränderungen für die einzelnen betroffenen terrestrischen Ökosysteme werden, soweit möglich, nach Faktoren getrennt dargestellt. Im Fokus stehen Wälder, Moore und Küstengebiete.
Böden und ihre Funktionen im Klimawandel
Authors: Pfeiffer Eva-Maria  , Eschenbach Annette , Munch Jean Charles , Vereecken Harry 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungAuch wenn die Risiken bisher kaum quantifizierbar sind, ist davon auszugehen, dass aufgrund der Einbindung des Bodens in die Energie-, Wasser- und Stoffkreisläufe die zu erwartenden Temperatur- und Niederschlagsänderungen die Funktionen dieser zentralen Lebensgrundlage auch in Deutschland gefährden. Nach einer Darstellung der Vielfältigkeit von Böden (Pedodiversität), die ein wesentlicher Faktor für Biodiversität ist, geht es in diesem Kapitel um mögliche Änderungen der Standortfunktion von Böden und ihrer Leistungen im Ökosystem sowie um den Bodenwasserhaushalt. An herausgehobener Stelle diskutieren die Autorinnen und Autoren die Klimafunktion von Böden und stellen mögliche Strategien zu ihrem Schutz vor. Eine große Rolle spielt die Verschränkung mit den anderen Themenbereichen von Teil III, etwa Landwirtschaft, Forstwirtschaft und Wasser.
Das Politikfeld „Anpassung an den Klimawandel“ im Überblick
Authors: Vetter Andreas , Eisenack Klaus , Kind Christian , Mahrenholz Petra , Naumann Sandra , Pechan Anna , Willen Luise 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland ist – wie in vielen Mitgliedstaaten der EU – Anpassung an den Klimawandel als eigenes Politikfeld mit einer nationalen Strategie, einem Maßnahmenplan sowie zuständigen Institutionen etabliert. Während zu Beginn die Informationsgewinnung und praxisorientierte Modellprojekte im Vordergrund standen, liegt der Fokus zunehmend auf einer breiten gesellschaftlichen Umsetzung von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen, um den bekannten Klimafolgen zu begegnen. Im Mittelpunkt des Kapitels stehen Klimaanpassungsstrategien auf den unterschiedlichen politischen Ebenen – von der EU bis zur Kommune – sowie Hemmnisse und Ansätze erfolgreicher Umsetzung von Klimaanpassung.
Weiterentwicklung von Strategien zur Klimawandelanpassung
Authors: Mahrenholz Petra , Daschkeit Achim , Knieling Jörg , Knierim Andrea , Martinez Grit , Molitor Heike , Schlipf Sonja 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungAnpassung an den Klimawandel kann zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen, insbesondere wenn sie mit sozialen Innovationen einhergeht. Das Kapitel untersucht transformative Ansätze zur Anpassung, die im Angesicht von tiefgreifenden Klimarisiken notwendig werden und die über Maßnahmen hinausgehen, die den ökologischen und gesellschaftlichen Status quo aufrechterhalten. Geschildert werden Beispiele gelungener Steuerungs- und Gestaltungsansätze, etwa mithilfe von Rechts-, ökonomischen und zunehmend auch informellen Instrumenten.
The role of the peripheral and central adrenergic system in the construction of the subjective emotional experience of panic
Authors: de Vos Jette H. , Schruers Koen R. J. , Debard Glen , Bonroy Bert , Linden David E. J. , Leibold Nicole K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rationale
Although the study of emotions can look back to over 100 years of research, it is unclear which information the brain uses to construct the subjective experience of an emotion.

Objective
In the current study, we assess the role of the peripheral and central adrenergic system in this respect.

Methods
Healthy volunteers underwent a double inhalation of 35% CO2, which is a well-validated procedure to induce an intense emotion, namely panic. In a randomized, cross-over design, 34 participants received either a β1-blocker acting selectively in the peripheral nervous system (atenolol), a β1-blocker acting in the peripheral and central nervous system (metoprolol), or a placebo before the CO2 inhalation.

Results
Heart rate and systolic blood pressure were reduced in both β-blocker conditions compared to placebo, showing effective inhibition of the adrenergic tone. Nevertheless, the subjective experience of the induced panic was the same in all conditions, as measured by self-reported fear, discomfort, and panic symptom ratings.

Conclusions
These results indicate that information from the peripheral and central adrenergic system does not play a major role in the construction of the subjective emotion.
Klinische Ergebnisse des eyeWatch-Systems: 1-Jahres-Outcome
Authors: Weber Constance , Hundertmark Sarah , Holz Frank G. , Mercieca Karl 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das eyeWatch-System (EWS) (Rheon Medical, Lausanne, Schweiz) wurde als Glaukomdrainageimplantat (GDI) entwickelt, um den Augeninnendruck (IOD) präzise kontrollieren zu können und insbesondere in der frühen postoperativen Phase die Entwicklung einer Hypotonie und ihrer Komplikationen zu verhindern.

Ziel der Arbeit
Wir berichten über die 1‑Jahres-Ergebnisse der mit dem EWS versorgten Patienten.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse von Augen, die eine EWS-Operation an der Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, Deutschland, zwischen 05/2021 und 09/2022 erhielten.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden in dieser Studie 5 Augen der ersten 5 konsekutiv mit dem EWS behandelten Patienten eingeschlossen. Der mittlere Augeninnendruck (IOD) lag präoperativ bei 34,6 mm Hg (23–45 mm Hg) und reduzierte sich auf 12,2 mm Hg (9–18 mm Hg) mit einer durchschnittlichen Reduktion von 60 %. Die lokale drucksenkende Therapie konnte von 2,8 Wirkstoffen präoperativ (1 bis 4) auf 0,60 Wirkstoffe nach 1 Jahr gesenkt werden. Alle Patienten erreichten einen IOD-Zielwert von unter 21 mm Hg, davon 4 Patienten ohne weitere Medikation. Die Komplikationsrate war gering. Ein Patient musste 2‑mal chirurgisch revidiert werden, da der IOD nach der Operation auf über 30 mm Hg erhöht war und im Verlauf sich eine Tube-Exposition zeigte, sodass ein zweiter Spenderpatch aufgenäht wurde. Derselbe Patient hatte nach einer cMRT-Untersuchung einen erhöhten IOD von mehr als 30 mm Hg. Bei diesem Patienten wurde mittels des eyeWatch Pen (EWP, Rheon Medical, Lausanne, Schweiz) eine Adjustierung des EWS durchgeführt um den IOD wieder zu senken. IOD-Anpassungen mit dem EWP wurden bei 4 von 5 Patienten im ersten Jahr nach der Operation durchgeführt, der mittlere IOD vor der Anpassung betrug 21,33 mm Hg (15–37 mm Hg) und wurde auf einen Mittelwert von 8,58 mm Hg (4–16 mm Hg) gesenkt.

Diskussion
Das EWS senkt wirksam den IOD und die Menge benötigter drucksenkender Augentropfen. Mithilfe des EWP sind postoperative Anpassungen des IOD ohne weitere invasive Maßnahmen möglich.
Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: a clinical study and analysis
Authors: Zheng Xialin , Zhang Binbin , Shao Dongqi , Cai Longjie , Xie Shan , Li Yu , Jiang Zhiquan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFully endoscopic microvascular decompression (MVD) of the facial nerve is the main surgical treatment for hemifacial spasm. However, the technique presents distinct surgical challenges. We retrospectively analyzed prior cases to consolidate surgical insights and assess clinical outcomes. Clinical data from 16 patients with facial nerve spasms treated at the Department of Neurosurgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, between August 2020 and July 2023, were retrospectively examined. Preoperatively, all patients underwent magnetic resonance angiography to detect any offending blood vessels; ascertain the relationship between offending vessels, facial nerves, and the brainstem; and detect any cerebellopontine angle lesions. Surgery involved endoscopic MVD of the facial nerve using a mini Sigmoid sinus posterior approach. Various operative nuances were summarized and analyzed, and clinical efficacy, including postoperative complications and the extent of relief from facial paralysis, was evaluated. Fully endoscopic MVD was completed in all patients, with the offending vessels identified and adequately padded during surgery. The offending vessels were anterior inferior cerebellar artery in 12 cases (75%), vertebral artery in 3 cases (18.75%), and posterior inferior cerebellar artery in 1 case (6.25%). Intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring revealed that the lateral spread response of the facial nerve vanished in 15 cases and remained unchanged in 1 case. Postoperative facial spasms were promptly alleviated in 15 cases (93.75%) and delayed in 1 case (6.25%). Two cases of postoperative complications were recorded—one intracranial infection and one case of tinnitus—both were resolved or mitigated with treatment. All patients were subject to follow-up, with no instances of recurrence or mortality. Fully endoscopic MVD of the facial nerve is safe and effective. Proficiency in endoscopy and surgical skills are vital for performing this procedure.
Satellite laser ranging to Galileo satellites: symmetry conditions and improved normal point formation strategies
Authors: Steindorfer Michael A. , Koidl Franz , Kirchner Georg , Wang Peiyuan , Dilssner Florian , Schoenemann Erik , Strangfeld Aaron , Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh-precision satellite laser ranging measurements to Galileo retroreflector panels are analyzed to determine the angle of incidence of the laser beam based on specific orientations of the panel with respect to the observing station. During the measurements, the panel aligns with respect to the observing station in such a way that multiple retroreflectors appear at the same range, forming regions of increased data density—separated by a few millimeters. First, measurements to a spare IOV-type retroreflector mounted on an astronomical mount at a remote location 32 km away from the Graz laser ranging station are performed. In addition, more than 100 symmetry passes to Galileo satellites in orbit have been measured. Two novel techniques are described to form laser ranging normal points with improved precision compared to traditional methods. An individual normal point can be formed for each set of retroreflectors at a constant range. The central normal point was shown to be up to 4 mm more accurate when compared with a precise orbit solution. Similar offsets are determined by applying a pattern correlation technique comparing simulated with measured data, and the first method is verified. Irregular reflection patterns of Galileo FOC panels indicate accumulated far-field diffraction patterns resulting from non-uniform retroreflector distributions.
A novel metaheuristic inspired by horned lizard defense tactics
Authors: Peraza-Vázquez Hernán , Peña-Delgado Adrián , Merino-Treviño Marco , Morales-Cepeda Ana Beatriz , Sinha Neha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces HLOA, a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm that mathematically mimics crypsis, skin darkening or lightening, blood-squirting, and move-to-escape defense methods. In crypsis behavior, the lizard changes its color by becoming translucent to avoid detection by its predators. The horned lizard can lighten or darken its skin, depending on whether or not it needs to decrease or increase its solar thermal gain. The skin darkening or lightening strategy is modeled by including the stimulating hormone melanophore rate( $$\alpha$$
α
-MHS) that influences these skin color changes. Further, the move-to-evasion strategy is also mathematically described. The horned lizard’s shooting blood defense mechanism, described as a projectile motion, is also modeled. These strategies balance exploitation and exploration mechanisms for local and global search over the solution space. HLOA performance is benchmarked with sixty-three optimization problems from the literature, testbench problems provided in IEEE CEC- 2017 “Constrained Real-Parameter Optimization”, analyzed for dimensions 10, 30, 50, and 100, as well as testbench functions from IEEE CEC-06 2019 “100-Digit Challenge”. Moreover, three real-world constraint optimization applications from IEEE CEC2020 and two engineering problems, the multiple gravity assist optimization and the optimal power flow problem, are also studied. Wilcoxon and Friedman statistics tests compare the HLOA algorithm results against ten recent bio-inspired algorithms. Wilcoxon shows that HLOA provides the optimal solution for most testbench functions more effectively than competing algorithms. At the same time, the Friedman statistics test ranks the HLOA first, and the n-dimensional analysis shows that it performs better on the constrained optimization problems for dimensions 50 and 100. The source code is free and available from https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/159658-horned-lizard-optimization-algorithm-hloa.