bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory and applications in stability of free‐surface time‐domain boundary element models
Authors: Büchmann Bjarne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method is presented for examining the stability of a free‐surface time‐domain boundary element model based on B‐splines. Effects of a non‐uniform discretization occurring in practical applications are included. It is demonstrated that instabilities may occur, even in situations where earlier stability analyses predicted the scheme to be stable. These instabilities are due to non‐uniformities in the spatial discretization, which have until now not been included in the stability analyses. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of plane viscous jet to entrance flow rate perturbation
Authors: Knani Mohamed Ali , Lili Taieb , Boisson Henri‐Claude 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐dimensional numerical simulation solving unsteady incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is used to study the natural varicose instability of a plane jet in the Reynolds number range of 100–900. A transient train of vortices is observed at the beginning of the computation. It disappears yielding a steady flow. This flow is then used at the basis for forced excitation in order to study the space time development of instability. A Reynolds number dependant behaviour is observed which implies that viscosity directly affects the vortex dynamics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Petrov–Galerkin finite element model for one‐dimensional fully non‐linear and weakly dispersive wave propagation
Authors: Woo Seung‐Buhm , L.‐F. Liu Philip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new finite element method is presented to solve one‐dimensional depth‐integrated equations for fully non‐linear and weakly dispersive waves. For spatial integration, the Petrov–Galerkin weighted residual method is used. The weak forms of the governing equations are arranged in such a way that the shape functions can be piecewise linear, while the weighting functions are piecewise cubic with C2‐continuity. For the time integration an implicit predictor–corrector iterative scheme is employed. Within the framework of linear theory, the accuracy of the scheme is discussed by considering the truncation error at a node. The leading truncation error is fourth‐order in terms of element size. Numerical stability of the scheme is also investigated. If the Courant number is less than 0.5, the scheme is unconditionally stable. By increasing the number of iterations and/or decreasing the element size, the stability characteristics are improved significantly. Both Dirichlet boundary condition (for incident waves) and Neumann boundary condition (for a reflecting wall) are implemented. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the range of applicabilities and the accuracy of the model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A reappraisal of Taylor–Galerkin algorithm for drying–wetting areas in shallow water computations
Authors: Quecedo M. , Pastor M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNon‐linear shallow water equations are a useful approximation to phenomena such as estuary dynamics, tidal propagation, breaking of a dam, flood waves, etc. Quite frequently they involve propagation over dry beds and drying of wet zones, for which boundary changes. To solve this problem either special techniques such as remeshing and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulations or algorithms initially developed for flows exhibiting shocks have been proposed in past years. The purpose of this paper is to show how classical finite elements formulations, such as Taylor–Galerkin can be applied to solve the problem to wetting–drying areas in a simple yet efficient manner. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Return and Volatility Dynamics in the Spot and Futures Markets in Australia: An Intervention Analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH‐X Framework
Authors: Bhar Ramaprasad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article provides evidence of linkages between the equity market and the index futures market in
Australia, where the futures market has experienced a major structural event due to the futures contract
respecification. A bivariate Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity
(EGARCH) model is developed that includes a cointegrating residual as an explanatory variable for both
the conditional mean and the conditional variance. The conditional mean returns from both markets are influenced
by the long‐run equilibrium relationship, and these markets are informationally linked through the second
moments. The crossmarket spillovers exhibit asymmetric behavior in that the volatility responses to past
standardized innovations are different for market advances and market retreats. An intervention analysis shows
that some of the parameters describing the return‐generating process have shifted after the contract
respecification by the futures exchange. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:833–850,
2001
Loss of chromosome arms 3p and 9p and inactivation of P16INK4a in normal epithelium of patients with primary lung cancer
Authors: Caballero Otávia L. , Cohen Daniel , Liu Qing , Esteller Manel , Bonacum Julie , White Peter , Engles James , Yochem Robert , Herman James G. , Westra William H. , Lengauer Christoph , Sidransky David , Jen Jin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe accumulation of genetic alterations in the respiratory epithelium may give rise to cancer and often is accompanied by a series of histologic alterations over a period of several years. Recent studies have identified some molecular alterations in histologically normal‐appearing epithelium among patients with lung cancer. To extend these observations, we investigated clonal genetic alterations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and immunohistochemistry in 69 biopsy samples of histologically normal‐appearing bronchial epithelium from 22 patients with or without lung cancer. Thirty‐seven biopsy specimens from 13 patients were examined for loss of 3p14, and 48 biopsy specimens from 18 patients were examined for loss at 9p21 by FISH. P16INK4a expression was analyzed in 54 biopsy samples from 19 patients. In at least one biopsy specimen from five of the13 patients with primary lung cancer, FISH or immunohistochemistry detected loss of the 3p14 or 9p21 region. In contrast, no alterations were detected for the same regions in the nine patients without primary lung cancer. Our results support the concept that the normal epithelial surface of large bronchi of patients with lung cancer has molecular changes suggestive of the outgrowth of numerous clonal foci. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The magnetic susceptibility of cherts: Archaeological and geochemical implications of source variation
Authors: Thacker Paul T. , Ellwood Brooks B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent exploratory studies have suggested the potential of magnetic susceptibility (MS) as a rapid and low‐cost sourcing technique for lithic archaeological materials. Most commercially available susceptibility instruments, however, do not have the sensitivity to characterize weakly susceptible cherts and silicified woods. Comparative results from nine chert, two silicified wood, a porcellanite, and four obsidian sources using a highly sensitive, calibrated, and magnetically‐shielded instrument allow exploration of MS variability within and between geological sources. Color, texture, grain size, and large inclusions of cherts and obsidians are not straightforward determinants of MS. Weathering rinds (patinas) and cortex from a variety of cherts yield reduced MS values, as does a recrystalized cobble of Rio Maior flint, indicating that magnetic mineral removal during chemical weathering and diagenesis is more prevalent than staining or other mineral penetration of cobbles. In situations of multiple overlapping MS ranges, analysis is limited to discriminating cherts with high or low MS range distributions, for example in an atypicality index. Some silicified woods, obsidians, and porcellanites possess a much greater range of intersource variability, and thus sourcing analysis is more likely to be broadly successful using the susceptibility of these materials. Unexpected results from an archaeological test using a historic lithic assemblage from Azinheira, Portugal, indicate that assemblage MS may be influenced by practices of raw material selection. Understanding variability in lithic MS has relevance for the design of most source geochemical sampling, as well as the behavioral interpretations that result from such investigations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of amphioxus amphivent, an evolutionarily conserved marker for chordate ventral mesoderm
Authors: Kozmik Zbynek , Holland Linda Z. , Schubert Michael , Lacalli Thurston C. , Kreslova Jana , Vlcek Cestmir , Holland Nicholas D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Structure and developmental expression are described for amphioxus AmphiVent, a homolog of vertebrate Vent genes. In amphioxus, AmphiVent‐expressing ventral mesoderm arises at midneurula by outgrowth from the paraxial mesoderm, but in vertebrates, Vent‐expressing ventral mesoderm originates earlier, at the gastrula stage. In other embryonic tissues (nascent paraxial mesoderm, neural plate, endoderm, and tailbud), AmphiVent and its vertebrate homologs are expressed in similar spatiotemporal domains, indicating conservation of many Vent gene functions during chordate evolution. The ventral mesoderm evidently develops precociously in vertebrates because their relatively large embryos probably require an early and extensive deployment of the mesoderm‐derived circulatory system. The vertebrate ventral mesoderm, in spite of its strikingly early advent, still resembles the nascent ventral mesoderm of amphioxus in expressing Vent homologs. This coincidence may indicate that Vent homologs in vertebrates and amphioxus play comparable roles in ventral mesoderm specification. genesis 29:172–179, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell populations and morphogenetic movements underlying formation of the avian primitive streak and organizer
Authors: Lawson Aaron , Schoenwolf Gary C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The cell populations and morphogenetic movements that contribute to the formation of the avian primitive streak and organizer—Hensen's node—are poorly understood. We labeled selected groups of cells with fluorescent dyes and then followed them over time during formation and progression of the primitive streak and formation of Hensen's node. We show that (1) the primitive streak arises from a localized population of epiblast cells spanning the caudal midline of Koller's sickle, with the mid‐dorsal cells of the primitive streak arising from the midline of the epiblast overlying Koller's sickle and the deeper and more lateral primitive streak cells arising more laterally within the epiblast overlying the sickle, from an arch subtending about 30°; (2) convergent extension movements of cells in the epiblast overlying Koller's sickle contribute to formation of the initial primitive streak; and (3) Hensen's node is derived from a mixture of cells originating both from the epiblast just rostral to the incipient (stage 2) primitive streak and later from the epiblast just rostral to the elongating (stage 3a/b) primitive streak, as well as from the rostral tip of the progressing streak itself. Collectively, these results provide new information on the formation of the avian primitive streak and organizer, increasing our understanding of these important events of early development of amniotes. genesis 29:188–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of genotype in determining the effects of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function
Authors: Tishler Peter V. , Carey Vincent J. , Reed Terry , Fabsitz Richard R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function is highly variable. Some heavy smokers retain normal pulmonary function and others experience profound pulmonary function loss. The role of genotype in this process is unknown. We tested for gene by environment interaction (GxE) in smoking‐associated loss of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) using repeated pulmonary function and smoke‐exposure measures from 352 twin pairs enrolled in the NHLBI Male Veteran Twin Study. Inferences using global [Jinks and Fulker, 1970] and dichotomous [Ramakrishnan et al., 1992] procedures were supplemented with a new model for repeatedly observed twinships. The model facilitates testing of standard heritability hypotheses and families of hypotheses regarding the dependence of quantitative twin‐twin phenotypic similarity on continuously varying twin‐twin exposure concordance. The global and dichotomous procedures were suggestive of GxE in smoke‐associated loss of FEV1 (p < 0.01, p = 0.08, respectively). With the new model, overall twin‐twin correlation of FEV1 for concordant‐smoking MZ and DZ twin pairs was estimated at 0.71 and 0.34, respectively. For twins with little or no difference in cigarette use, the intra‐pair correlations of FEV1 did not differ according to cigarette exposure over a wide range of exposures (0 ‐ ≥ 200 pack years). Even great twin‐twin discordance in cigarette smoking (≥10 pack years) had little effect of correlations. We conclude that a constant factor, such as genotype, appears to be interposed between the environmental toxin (cigarette smoke) and phenotype (FEV1). Genet. Epidemiol. 22:272–282, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The world's longest graptolite?
Authors: Loydell David K. , Loveridge Robert F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn incomplete specimen of Stimulograptus halli 1.45 m long is recorded from the Aberystwyth Grits Formation north of Clarach, western mid‐Wales. This is the longest graptoloid graptolite known. Assuming a growth rate similar to that of modern Rhabdopleura it lived for at least 25 years. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ostracode faunas of bottom sediments from the continental shelf, south Marmara Sea, NW Turkey, and their comparison with other shelf environments in the Mediterranean and Aegean regions
Authors: Nazik Atike 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study describes the ostracode faunal composition and distribution on the continental shelf of the southern Marmara Sea in Turkey. Twenty‐three bottom samples were collected from the shelf. These samples are characterized by silt‐clay (mud), sand and gravel in the studied area. A total of 46 species belonging to 32 genera were determined from these samples. Seven species were dominant from 46 ostracode species. Three assemblages were identified by their dominant species. These are characterized by: Costa edwardsii (Roemer); a mixed assemblage which consists of Cytheridea neapolitana Kollmann, Pterygocythereis ceratoptera (Bosquet), Tegmenia rugosa (Costa), Acanthocythereis hystrix (Reuss) and Xestoleberis communis (G.W. Müller); and Aurila convexa (Baird). The relations between the dominant species, lithology and CaCO3 concentration have been investigated, and the results are compared with other shelf environments within the Mediterranean and Aegean regions. Pterygocythereis, Costa, Tegmenia and Cytheridea are abundant in muddy substrates; Aurila and Acanthocythereis are abundant in sandy substrates. Acanthocythereis hystrix (Reuss), Aurila convexa (Baird), Buntonia subulata Ruggieri, Carinocythereis antiquata (Baird), Carinocythereis carinata (Roemer), Costa batei (Brady), Costa edwardsii (Roemer), Cytheridea neapolitana Kollmann, Celtia quadridentata (Baird), Loxoconcha rhomboidea (Fischer), Pterygocythereis jonesii (Baird) and Semicytherura acuticostata (Sars) are common, and similar species are recorded from other continental shelves of the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochemical and Nd‐Sr‐Pb isotopic evidence on the origin and geodynamic evolution of mid‐Cretaceous continental arc volcanic rocks of the Spences Bridge Group, south‐central British Columbia
Authors: Smith Alan D. , Thorkelson Derek 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mid‐Cretaceous Spences Bridge Group (SBG) comprises a series of basaltic to rhyolitic lavas and related volcaniclastic rocks (Pimainus Formation) overlain by a succession of mainly amygdaloidal andesites (Spius Formation) related to the closure of the Methow–Tyaughton basin and accretion of the Insular terrane in the North American Cordillera. Geochemical variation in the SBG is related primarily to metasomatic processes in the mantle wedge. Pimainus lavas include low‐ to high‐K, tholeiitic and calc‐alkaline types, and have isotopic compositions (εNd(100Ma) = + 5.2 to + 7.0, εSr(100Ma) = − 10 to − 20, 206Pb/204Pb = 18.82 to 18.91, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.55 to 15.60, 208Pb/204Pb = 38.24 to 38.43) between the ranges for primitive arcs and accreted terrane crust. Crustal sources are identified only for some low–medium K dacite and rhyolite compositions. The occurrence of intermediate compositions with high MgO contents (up to 6 wt%) and the presence of adakitic trace element features in medium–high K felsic lavas attests to metasomatism of the mantle wedge by slab melts during Pimainus volcanism. Spius lavas have comparable K2O and Pb isotopic compositions to the Pimainus, even higher MgO (up to 9.2 wt%), and display a mild intraplate character in having up to 0.6 wt% P2O5, 15 ppm Nb, and 240 ppm Zr. Spius Nd−Sr isotopic compositions (εNd(100Ma) = + 5.3 to + 6.9, εSr(100Ma) = − 14 to − 25) define an array extending from Pimainus to alkaline seamount compositions. The low εSr values, elevated high field strength element contents, and moderate silica contents suggest Spius volcanism was related to the introduction of small melt fractions from the asthenosphere into the mantle wedge which had previously generated Pimainus melts. The range of compositional types in the Pimainus Formation constrains tectonic scenarios to include an elevated slab thermal regime, likely from approach of an ocean ridge system toward the continental margin. Spius volcanism may have been generated by asthenospheric upwelling triggered by slab window development or slab‐hinge roll‐back on closure of the Methow–Tyaughton basin. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunohistochemistry study of human vestibular nerve schwannoma differentiation
Authors: Hung Gene , Colton Joyce , Fisher Laurel , Oppenheimer Mark , Faudoa Rodolfo , Slattery William , Linthicum Fred 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferentiation of primary human vestibular nerve schwannomas (VS) caused by mutations of the NF2 gene was evaluated by examining the expression patterns of genes that are specifically expressed in different stages of Schwann cell lineage. In schwannoma cells that are not in contact with an axon, the expression levels of the major myelin sheath proteins, such as protein zero glycoprotein (P0), myelin basic protein (MBP), and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), were greatly reduced. However, high expression levels of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), neural cell adhesion molecule (N‐CAM), and cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1) were observed. In addition, expression of transcription factors Krox20, Krox24, and SCIP/Oct6 was also detected in the tumor cells. These results suggest that loss of the NF2 gene was responsible for the transformation of the Schwann cells into a neoplastic stage that has a similar genetic profile to the pro‐myelinating stage. Finally, the primary human vestibular schwannoma cells failed to be regulated and redifferentiated by a regenerating axon, when the human tumors were transplanted into sciatic nerve of nude rat. These results suggest that the NF2 gene might be involved in the differentiation of Schwann cells. GLIA 38:363–370, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroligin 3 is a vertebrate gliotactin expressed in the olfactory ensheathing glia, a growth‐promoting class of macroglia
Authors: Gilbert Mary , Smith Jeff , Roskams Angela‐Jane , Auld Vanessa J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms that drive glia–glial interactions and glia–neuronal interactions during the development of the nervous system are poorly understood. A number of membrane‐bound cell adhesion molecules have been shown to play a role, although the precise nature of their involvement is unknown. One class of molecules with cell adhesive properties used in the nervous system is the serine‐esterase‐like family of transmembrane proteins. A member of this class, a glia‐specific protein called gliotactin, has been shown to be necessary for the development of the glial sheath in the peripheral nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. Gliotactin is essential for the development of septate junctions in the glial sheath of individual and neighboring glia. Mutations that remove this protein result in paralysis and eventually death due to a breakdown in the glial‐based blood–nerve barrier. To study the role of gliotactin during vertebrate nervous system development, we have isolated a potential vertebrate gliotactin homologue from mice and rat and found that it corresponds to neuroligin 3. Using a combination of RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we have found that neuroligin 3 is expressed during the development of the nervous system in many classes of glia. In particular neuroligin 3 is expressed in the olfactory ensheathing glia, retinal astrocytes, Schwann cells, and spinal cord astrocytes in the developing embryo. This expression is developmentally controlled such that in postnatal and adult stages, neuroligin 3 continues to be expressed at high levels in the olfactory ensheathing glia, a highly plastic class of glia that retain many of their developmental characteristics throughout life. GLIA 34:151–164, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An age‐based comparison of chronic pain clinic patients
Authors: Wijeratne Chanaka , Shome Sushmita , Hickie Ian , Koschera Annette 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare demographic, illness and personality characteristics, and formal rates of mental disorder between younger (< 65 years) and older (≥ 65 years) patients attending a chronic pain clinic.MethodPatients with non‐malignant pain of > 6 months' duration attending a specialist outpatient clinic were given a structured medical and psychiatric interview, and completed self‐report questionnaires assessing disability, personality style and attitudes to illness.ResultsFifty patients (26 of whom were older) participated in the study. None of the older patients had experienced the onset of chronic pain before the age of 50 years. Although current and lifetime major depression were common in both groups, there was no specific association between age and depression. The younger group was more likely to have been injured prior to the onset of pain and to be seeking financial compensation, reported more physical and social disability, and was more likely to be preoccupied with somatic discomfort. The younger group was also more likely to be rated as displaying impulsive personality traits and the older group anxious traits, although there was no difference in neuroticism scores.ConclusionDespite a greater level of multiple medical morbidity and longer duration of pain, older patients with chronic pain were not more likely to suffer from concurrent depression, were less disabled and less somatically preoccupied than younger patients. There were sufficient differences in illness and psychological characteristics to suggest that the older patients represented an aetiologically distinct sub‐group, rather than patients with chronic pain of early onset who have simply grown old. Finally, the utility of DSM‐IV defined somatoform disorders, in particular pain disorder, is discussed. A model which integrates medical and psychological mechanisms is needed for clinical use. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd