bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. public perceptions of the sensitivity of brain data
Authors: Huang Shenyang , Paul Umika , Gupta Shikhar , Desai Karan , Guo Melinda , Jung Jennifer , Capestany Beatrice , Krenzer William D , Stonecipher Dylan , Farahany Nita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As we approach an era of potentially widespread consumer neurotechnology, scholars and organizations worldwide have started to raise concerns about the data privacy issues these devices will present. Notably absent in these discussions is empirical evidence about how the public perceives that same information. This article presents the results of a nationwide survey on public perceptions of brain data, to inform discussions of law and policy regarding brain data governance. The survey reveals that the public may perceive certain brain data as less sensitive than other ‘private’ information, like social security numbers, but more sensitive than some ‘public’ information, like media preferences. The findings also reveal that not all inferences about mental experiences may be perceived as equally sensitive, and perhaps not all data should be treated alike in ethical and policy discussions. An enhanced understanding of public perceptions of brain data could advance the development of ethical and legal norms concerning consumer neurotechnology.
SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein-specific antibodies from critically ill SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals interact with Fc receptor–expressing cells but do not neutralize the virus
Authors: Fernández-Soto Daniel , Bueno Paula , Garaigorta Urtzi , Gastaminza Pablo , Bueno José L , Duarte Rafael F , Jara Ricardo , Valés-Gómez Mar , Reyburn Hugh T 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The membrane (M) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the key viral proteins regulating virion assembly and morphogenesis. Immunologically, the M protein is a major source of peptide antigens driving T cell responses, and most individuals who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 make antibodies to the N-terminal, surface-exposed peptide of the M protein. We now report that although the M protein is abundant in the viral particle, antibodies to the surface-exposed N-terminal epitope of M do not appear to neutralize the virus. M protein–specific antibodies do, however, activate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by primary human natural killer cells. Interestingly, while patients with severe or mild disease make comparable levels of M antigen–binding antibodies, M-specific antibodies from the serum of critically ill patients are significantly more potent activators of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity than antibodies found in individuals with mild or asymptomatic infection.
Comparison of large-volume 3D reconstruction using plasma FIB-SEM and X-ray CT
Authors: Yoshida Ryuji , Mizuta Yasutoshi , Kato Takeharu , Kimura Teiichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We demonstrated large-volume three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction using plasma-focused ion beam—scanning electron microscopy (PFIB-SEM). We successfully reconstructed a 750 μm (W) × 143 μm (H) × 310 μm (D) volume at a resolution of 200 nm/pix from 1550 SEM backscattered electron images of a Li-ion battery cathode sheet. The PFIB-SEM system was found to be capable of acquiring and reconstructing larger volume 3D datasets than X-ray computed tomography, and with higher resolution and contrast.
Neurodevelopmental assessments used to measure preschoolers’ cognitive development in Latin America: a systematic review
Authors: Williams Meagan E , Corn Elizabeth A , Martinez Ransanz Santiago , Berl Madison M , Andringa-Seed Regan , Mulkey Sarah B 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to systematically review the standardized neurodevelopmental assessments used to study preschool-aged children’s cognitive development in Spanish-speaking Latin America.MethodsThe authors systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and ERIC databases for peer-reviewed articles from Spanish-speaking Latin American countries. Articles were included if they measured cognitive development among children aged 2–6 years using at least one standardized assessment tool; 97 articles were included and reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines to assess their use of these tools.ResultsNinety-seven studies across 13 countries used a total of 41 assessments to measure cognitive development; most widely used were the Wechsler intelligence scales (n = 46/97), particularly the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (n = 23 and 29, respectively). Other common assessments included the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (n = 9), Raven’s Progressive Matrices (n = 9), Child Neuropsychological Assessment (n = 8), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (n = 7). In regions where normative data for a given assessment were unpublished, authors commonly used norms from the United States, Mexico, or Spain or did not report standard scores in their analyses.ConclusionsThe wide range of tools used in these studies presents a challenge for generalizing results when measuring the neurodevelopment of Latin American preschool-aged children. The low availability of normative data for specific regions reveals concerns if some tools are culturally and linguistically appropriate even when Spanish is a common language, particularly in low-resource settings. Future work to forge greater consistency in the use of validated measures, clarity in reporting research methods, and publication of regional normative data would benefit the field.
Numeral Reduplication as a pluractional marker in Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Bedar Amazigh , Allawama Ashraf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a first study of numeral reduplication in Jordanian Arabic, which uses a syntactic strategy of numeral reduplication not previously recognized in other languages. This involves the reduplication of a numeral implies reduplication of the Noun Phrase (NP) that follows it (Num NP Num NP). Semantically, and at first glance, numeral reduplication mandates distributives readings. We show that numeral reduplication is in fact a marker of pluractionality (event plurality), and the distributive readings are the consequence of separating plural events.
The analogy of computing
Authors: McCarty Willard 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The digital machine is analogical by design: with it, we construct models of phenomena that by definition of that term are necessarily partial approximations. For that reason, we learn more by conceiving of them as analogues rather than imperfect copies. As the foofaraw over AI would make clear to anyone who bothered to separate its strange wheat from the common chaff, analogy is key to the digital engine’s intellectual power, whether for good or for ill. (The one we must further, the other oppose, but in both cases, understand as fully as we are able.) Analogy is itself a Proteus, however, surfacing in different forms in different disciplines where the machine has found its applications. In the following essay, I chase it through a number of fields before returning to computing, with two examples of its application. I end with a brief note on worldmaking, which after all is what it’s all about, at whatever scale.
Expedited Provisionalization of a Missing Crown: A Case Report
Authors: Ryser Andrew S , Handel Steven E , Sabol Jennifer V , Senkiw Katie M 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Provisional restorations are required in fixed prosthodontics to protect a prepared tooth until a definitive restoration can be delivered. A patient sought treatment at a prosthodontics practice to replace a missing provisional crown until definitive treatment could be performed once the patient returned from a field exercise. This case report describes a novel way to provide a provisional restoration when other techniques are not feasible, which can be utilized in the clinic or in an austere environment.
App-based assessment of patient-reported outcomes in the Molecular Tumor Board in the Center for Personalized Medicine—(TRACE)
Authors: Dörner Lorenz , Grosse Lucia , Stange Felix , Hille Hanni , Kurz Sylvia , Becker Hannes , Volkmer Sebastian , Hippler Melina , Rieger David , Bombach Paula , Rieger Johannes , Weinert Lina , Svensson Laura , Anders Carolin , Cekin Sila , Paulsen Frank , Öner Öznur , Ruhm Kristina , Malek Holly Sundberg , Möller Yonne , Tatagiba Marcos , Wallwiener Markus , Eckert Nils , Escher Pascal , Pfeifer Nico , Forschner Andrea , Bauer Armin , Zips Daniel , Bitzer Michael , Malek Nisar , Gani Cihan , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Renovanz Mirjam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Biomarker-based therapies are increasingly used in cancer patients outside clinical trials. Systematic assessment of patient-reported outcomes (PRO) is warranted to take patients’ perspectives during biomarker-based therapies into consideration. We assessed the feasibility of an electronic PRO assessment via a smartphone application.

Methods
An interdisciplinary expert panel developed a smartphone application based on symptom burden and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) metrics reported in a retrospective analysis of 292 neuro-oncological patients. The app included validated assessments of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the burden of symptoms, and psychological stress. Feasibility and usability were tested in a pilot study. Semi-structured interviews with patients and health care professionals (HCP) were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed according to Mayring´s qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, we assessed compliance and descriptive data of ePROs.

Results
A total of 14 patients have been enrolled, (9 female, 5 male). A total of 4 HCPs, 9 patients, and 1 caregiver were interviewed regarding usability/feasibility. The main advantages were the possibility to complete questionnaires at home and comfortable implementation in daily life. Compliance was high, for example, 82% of the weekly distributed NCCN distress thermometer questionnaires were answered on time, however, with interindividual variability. We observed a median distress score of 5 (range 0–10, 197 results, n = 12, weekly assessed) and a median Global health score of 58.3 according to the EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument (range 16.7–100, 77 results, n = 12, monthly assessed).

Conclusions
This pilot study proved the feasibility and acceptance of the app. We will therefore expand its application during biomarker-guided therapies to enable systematic PRO assessments.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Infant Movement Classification: A Reliability and Validity Study in Infants Who Were Full-Term and Preterm
Authors: Lin Shiang-Chin , Chandra Erick , Tsao Po Nien , Liao Wei-Chih , Chen Wei-J , Yen Ting-An , Hsu Jane Yung-Jen , Jeng Suh-Fang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Preterm infants are at high risk of neuromotor disorders. Recent advances in digital technology and machine learning algorithms have enabled the tracking and recognition of anatomical key points of the human body. It remains unclear whether the proposed pose estimation model and the skeleton-based action recognition model for adult movement classification are applicable and accurate for infant motor assessment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model framework for movement recognition in full-term and preterm infants.

Methods
This observational study prospectively assessed 30 full-term infants and 54 preterm infants using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (58 movements) from 4 to 18 months of age with their movements recorded by 5 video cameras simultaneously in a standardized clinical setup. The movement videos were annotated for the start/end times and presence of movements by 3 pediatric physical therapists. The annotated videos were used for the development and testing of an AI algorithm that consisted of a 17-point human pose estimation model and a skeleton-based action recognition model.

Results
The infants contributed 153 sessions of Alberta Infant Motor Scale assessment that yielded 13,139 videos of movements for data processing. The intra and interrater reliabilities for movement annotation of videos by the therapists showed high agreements (88%–100%). Thirty-one of the 58 movements were selected for machine learning because of sufficient data samples and developmental significance. Using the annotated results as the standards, the AI algorithm showed satisfactory agreement in classifying the 31 movements (accuracy = 0.91, recall = 0.91, precision = 0.91, and F1 score = 0.91).

Conclusion
The AI algorithm was accurate in classifying 31 movements in full-term and preterm infants from 4 to 18 months of age in a standardized clinical setup.

Impact
The findings provide the basis for future refinement and validation of the algorithm on home videos to be a remote infant movement assessment.
Prognostic value of hypermetabolic bone sarcoidosis observed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
Authors: Bouchut Arthur , Lhote Raphael , Maksud Philippe , Ben Salem Thouraya , Fustier Anne , Moyon Quentin , Haroche Julien , Soussan Michael , Mathian Alexis , Hie Miguel , Amoura Zahir , Cohen Aubart Fleur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatosis diagnosed mainly in young adults. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT is useful in sarcoidosis cases to search for a biopsiable site or assess disease activity.18F-FDG PET/CT can reveal bone hypermetabolism in sarcoidosis patients, even in the absence of osteoarticular symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe metabolic bone involvement in sarcoidosis patients and to evaluate its prognostic impact.

Methods
This was an observational, comparative, retrospective, monocentric study. Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of sarcoidosis according to the World Association of Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Diseases (WASOG) criteria and at least one 18F-FDG PET/CT scan during follow-up. Metabolic bone involvement of sarcoidosis was defined as focal bone hypermetabolism with no argument for a differential diagnosis of bone 18F-FDG uptake. Patients with and without bone involvement were compared.

Results
Among the 175 included patients, 32 (18%) had metabolic bone involvement of sarcoidosis. The metabolic bone involvement was mainly axial and mostly without bone abnormalities on CT. Metabolic bone involvement was associated with intrathoracic and extrathoracic lymph node involvement and with a greater number of organs involved. Patients with metabolic bone involvement more frequently received corticosteroids, methotrexate and TNF-α inhibitors and a greater number of treatments. Relapse of sarcoidosis occurred sooner in patients with metabolic bone involvement.

Conclusion
These results suggest that metabolic bone involvement is associated with more diffuse and more severe sarcoidosis.
Detection of inflammation by whole-body MRI in young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Choida Varvara , Bray Timothy J P , van Vucht Niels , Abbasi Maaz Ali , Bainbridge Alan , Parry Thomas , Sen Debajit , Mallett Sue , Ciurtin Coziana , Hall-Craggs Margaret A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the frequency of joint inflammation detected by whole-body MRI (WBMRI) in young people (YP) with JIA and controls, and to determine the relationship between WBMRI-detected inflammation and clinical findings.

Methods
YP aged 14–24 years, with JIA (patients) or arthralgia without JIA (controls), recruited from one centre, underwent a WBMRI scan after formal clinical assessment. Consensus between at least two of the three independent radiologists was required to define inflammation and damage on WBMRI, according to predefined criteria. YP with JIA were deemed clinically active as per accepted definitions. The proportions of YP with positive WBMRI scans for joint inflammation (one or more inflamed joint) as well as serum biomarkers were compared between active vs inactive JIA patients and controls.

Results
Forty-seven YP with JIA (25 active and 22 inactive patients) and 13 controls were included. WBMRI detected joint inflammation in 60% (28/47) of patients with JIA vs 15% (2/13) of controls (difference: 44%, 95% CI 20%, 68%). More active than inactive JIA patients had WBMRI-detected inflammation [76% (19/25) vs 41% (9/22), difference: 35% (95% CI 9%, 62%)], and this was associated with a specific biomarker signature. WBMRI identified inflammation in one or more clinically inactive joint in 23/47 (49%) patients (14/25 active vs 9/22 inactive JIA patients).

Conclusions
WBMRI’s validity in joint assessment was demonstrated by the higher frequency of inflammation in JIA patients vs controls, and in active vs inactive JIA patients. WBMRI found unsuspected joint inflammation in 49% YP with JIA, which needs further investigation of potential clinical implications.
“Normal vulva” based on the first national Labiagram design in adult Iranian women not seeking female genital cosmetic surgery: a pilot study
Authors: Ghanbari Zinat , Kazemi Maryam , Eshraghi Nasim , Shiri Hamedani Sina , Zafarbakhsh Azam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Several studies have been published to present normal values of female genitalia in different age and racial groups.

Aim
The primary objective of our study was to measure the parameters of the external genitalia in adult Iranian women, record the data using the Labiagram system (the first national Labiagram design in Iran), and establish a preliminary database.

Methods
A descriptive study was conducted from March 2022 to December 2022, involving 220 nonpregnant adult women who presented to the gynecology clinic. Women who met the inclusion criteria for the study underwent a comprehensive examination of the external genitalia. The data collected during the examinations were recorded in electronic files and the Labiagram system.

Outcomes
The data showed the diversity of external genital parameters of nonpregnant adult Iranian women.

Results
In this descriptive study, the mean ± SD age of the participants was 51.5 ± 13.44 years, ranging from 15 to 84 years. A total of 192 women (87.3%) had a history of vaginal delivery. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the average measurements of the vulva among the 4 age groups (P &lt; .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient test indicated a statistically weak correlation between body mass index and perineum length (r = 0.174, P = .010). Additionally, a weak correlation was found between body mass index and the width of the labia minora at the left-lower point (r = 0.143, P = .030) and the right-middle point (r = 0.146, P = .031). Furthermore, the results demonstrated that women with a history of vaginal delivery had a significantly longer introitus (49.3 vs 44.3 mm, P = .037), longer labia majora (91.3 vs 87.3 mm, P = .046), and longer labia minora (56.8 vs 50.9 mm, P = .008) when compared with women without prior labor experience.

Clinical Implications
The data will be used as a basis for future studies.

Strengths and Limitations
The use of simple tools for the measuring, data recording, and digital drawing of female external genital anatomy, along with privacy protection, is one of the strengths of this research. The weakness is the small sample size, which is the reason for piloting the Labiagram chart for more extensive studies.

Conclusion
Increasing age and the number of births had no statistically significant effect on the size of external genital parameters among Iranian women. Despite the considerable diversity in these parameters, it has not resulted in a significant demand among Iranian women for female cosmetic surgery.
Treating insomnia in people who are incarcerated: a feasibility study of a multicomponent treatment pathway
Authors: Dewa Lindsay H , Thibaut Bethan , Pattison Natalie , Campbell Sean James , Woodcock Thomas , Aylin Paul , Archer Stephanie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Around 60% of people who are incarcerated have insomnia; 6–10 times more prevalent than the general population. Yet, there is no standardized, evidence-based approach to insomnia treatment in prison. We assessed the feasibility of a treatment pathway for insomnia in a high-secure prison to inform a future randomized controlled trial (RCT) and initial efficacy data for sleep and mental health outcomes. We used a within-participants pre-post design. The stepped-care pathway included: self-management with peer support, environmental aids, and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi). Assessment measures for insomnia, well-being, mood, anxiety, suicidality, overall health, sleepiness, fatigue, and cognitive functioning were administered at baseline and pathway exit. Feasibility criteria included eligibility to participate, CBTi uptake, and assessment completion. Forty-two adult males who are incarcerated were approached of which 95.2% were eligible. Of those deemed eligible, most participated (36/40, 90.0%). Most who completed baseline completed post-assessments (28/36, 77.8%) and of these, most showed improvements in their subjective sleep (27/28, 96.4%). Large reductions were found from pre- to posttreatment in insomnia severity (d = −1.81, 95% CI: 8.3 to 12.9) and 57.0% reported no clinically significant insomnia symptoms at post-assessment. There was no overall change in actigraphy-measured sleep. Large treatment benefits were found for depression, anxiety, well-being, and cognitive functioning, with a medium benefit on suicidal ideation. The treatment pathway for insomnia in prison was feasible and may be an effective treatment for insomnia in people who are incarcerated, with additional promising benefits for mental health. A pragmatic RCT across different prison populations is warranted. This paper is part of the Sleep and Circadian Health in the Justice System Collection.
Obstructive sleep apnea, nocturnal hypoxemia, and retinal microvasculature: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Hoeft Nathan , Full Kelsie M , Misialek Jeffrey R , Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Shrestha Srishti , Deal Jennifer A , Lutsey Pamela L 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Retinal microvascular pathology (RMP) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are both cardiovascular disease risk factors. Limited data exists on their interrelationship. We tested the hypotheses that OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia would be associated with RMP and vessel calibers.

Methods
We conducted a quasi-cross-sectional analysis of 1625 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Sleep Heart Health Study. Participants completed in-home polysomnography monitoring (1996–1998) and were categorized by OSA severity (apnea–hypopnea index: &lt;5, 5–14.9, and ≥15) and proportion of total sleep time with oxygen saturation &lt; 90% (T90). Retinal photography (1993–1995) was used to assess RMP and measure vascular diameters (central retinal arteriolar equivalent [CRAE] and central retinal venular equivalent [CRVE]). Logistic and linear models were adjusted for demographics, behaviors, and BMI.

Results
Of the participants, 19% had OSA (AHI &gt; 15) and 4% had RMP. Severe OSA was not associated with RMP [OR (95% CI): 1.08 (0.49 to 2.38)] or CRAE in adjusted models. OSA severity showed a positive linear relationship with CRVE; adjusted mean CRVE for those with OSA was 195.8 μm compared to 193.2 μm for those without OSA (Ptrend = 0.03). T90 was strongly associated with CRVE, but not with RMP or CRAE. Adjusted mean CRVE for T90 ≥ 5% was 199.0 and 192.9 for T90 &lt; 1% (ptrend &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
OSA and T90 were not associated with RMP or CRAE. However, both OSA and T90 ≥ 5% were associated with wider venules, which may be early and indicative changes of increased inflammation and future risk of stroke and CHD.