bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy and Low-Dose Daily Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Jeremic Branislav , Milicic Biljana , Acimovic Ljubisa , Milisavljevic Slobodan 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To investigate the feasibility and activity of hyperfractionated radiation therapy (Hfx RT) and concurrent chemotherapy (CT) consisting of low-dose, daily carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with stage III non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods Sixty-four patients started their treatment on day 1 with 30 mg/m2 of paclitaxel administered by 1-hour infusion. Hfx RT began on day 2 using 1.3 Gy bid to a total dose of 67.6 Gy and concurrent low-dose daily CT consisting of 25 mg/m2 of carboplatin and 10 mg/m2 of paclitaxel, both given Mondays to Fridays during RT course. Results Objective response rate was 83% and included complete response in 27 patients (42%) and partial response in 26 patients (41%). Ten patients (16%) had stable disease, whereas only one patient (2%) had progressive disease. The median survival time was 28 months, and 3- and 5-year survival rates were 37% and 26%, respectively. The median time to local progression was 26 months, and 3- and 5-year local progression-free survival rates were 37% and 33%, respectively. The median time to distant metastasis was 25 months, and 3- and 5- year distant metastasis-free survival rates were 37% and 31%, respectively. Acute high-grade (≥ grade 3) toxicity was hematologic (25%), esophageal (17%), bronchopulmonary (13%), and skin (9%). Late high-grade toxicity was infrequent. Conclusion This combined Hfx RT/TC regimen produced results that are among the best ever reported and warrants further study in a prospective randomized fashion.
Predictive Value of the Pretreatment Extent of Disease System in Hepatoblastoma: Results From the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Liver Tumor Study Group SIOPEL-1 Study
Authors: Aronson Daniël C. , Schnater J. Marco , Staalman Chris R. , Weverling Gerrit J. , Plaschkes Jack , Perilongo Giorgio , Brown Julia , Phillips Angela , Otte Jean-Bernard , Czauderna Piotr , MacKinlay Gordon , Vos Anton 
Published: February 2005

Purpose Preoperative staging (pretreatment extent of disease [PRETEXT]) was developed for the first prospective liver tumor study by the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOPEL-1 study; preoperative chemotherapy and delayed surgery). Study aims were to analyze the accuracy and interobserver agreement of PRETEXT and to compare the predictive impact of three currently used staging systems. Patients and Methods Hepatoblastoma (HB) patients younger than 16 years who underwent surgical resection (128 of 154 patients) were analyzed. The centrally reviewed preoperative staging was compared with postoperative pathology (accuracy) in 91 patients (81%), and the local center staging was compared with the central review (interobserver agreement) in 97 patients (86%), using the agreement beyond change method (weighted κ). The predictive values of the three staging systems were compared in 110 patients (97%) using survival curves and Cox proportional hazard ratio estimates. Results Preoperative PRETEXT staging compared with pathology was correct in 51%, overstaged in 37%, and understaged in 12% of patients (weighted κ = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.62). The weighted κ value of the interobserver agreement was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88). The Children's Cancer Study Group/Pediatric Oncology Group–based staging system showed no predictive value for survival (P = .516), but the tumor-node-metastasis–based system and PRETEXT system showed good predictive values (P = .0021 and P = .0006, respectively). PRETEXT seemed to be superior in the statistical fit. Conclusion PRETEXT has moderate accuracy with a tendency to overstage patients, shows good interobserver agreement (reproducibility), shows superior predictive value for survival, offers the opportunity to monitor the effect of preoperative therapy, and can also be applied in patients who have not had operations. For comparability reasons, we recommend that all HB patients included in trials also be staged according to PRETEXT.
Relationship of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression to ErbB-2 Signaling Activity and Prognosis in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: DiGiovanna Michael P. , Stern David F. , Edgerton Susan M. , Whalen Steve G. , Moore Dan , Thor Ann D. 
Published: February 2005

Purpose To examine the relationship of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression to ErbB-2 signaling activity in breast cancer and the impact that this interaction has on the prognosis of patients with early-stage breast cancer. Patients and Methods Paraffin tumor sections were collected retrospectively from 807 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1976 and 1983. Immunohistochemical assays for ErbB-2, phosphorylated (activated) ErbB-2, and EGFR were performed, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic variables and outcome. Results EGFR expression was detectable in 15% of 807 invasive breast cancers, including 35% of the 306 ErbB-2–positive patients. Conversely, the majority (87%) of EGFR-positive tumors co-overexpressed ErbB-2. Ninety-seven percent of tumors with phosphorylated ErbB-2 co-overexpressed EGFR. Patients whose cancers demonstrated ErbB-2 phosphorylation or co-overexpression of ErbB-2 and EGFR had the shortest survival. In contrast, patients whose tumors were negative for all three markers and those tumors that expressed only EGFR or only nonphosphorylated ErbB-2 had a relatively favorable outcome. Conclusion These data provide the first clinical evidence that EGFR expression is linked to activation of ErbB-2 in human breast cancers. We have further shown that the adverse prognostic value of ErbB-2 overexpression is observed only when ErbB-2 is in the phosphorylated (activated) state or coexpressed with EGFR. These data suggest that ligand-dependent mechanisms of ErbB-2 activation are important in human breast cancer. These results also suggest that agents targeting EGFR may be useful in the treatment of tumors with activated ErbB-2.
The Role of the Vagal Nerve in Peripheral PYY3–36-Induced Feeding Reduction in Rats
Authors: Koda Shuichi , Date Yukari , Murakami Noboru , Shimbara Takuya , Hanada Takeshi , Toshinai Koji , Niijima Akira , Furuya Mayumi , Inomata Norio , Osuye Kazuhiro , Nakazato Masamitsu 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Peptide YY (PYY), an anorectic peptide, is secreted postprandially from the distal gastrointestinal tract. PYY3–36, the major form of circulating PYY, binds to the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor (Y2-R) with a high-affinity, reducing food intake in rodents and humans. Additional gastrointestinal hormones involved in feeding, including cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and ghrelin, transmit satiety or hunger signals to the brain via the vagal afferent nerve and/or the blood stream. Here we determined the role of the afferent vagus nerve in PYY function. Abdominal vagotomy abolished the anorectic effect of PYY3–36 in rats. Peripheral administration of PYY3–36 induced Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus of sham-operated rats but not vagotomized rats. We showed that Y2-R is synthesized in the rat nodose ganglion and transported to the vagal afferent terminals. PYY3–36 stimulated firing of the gastric vagal afferent nerve when administered iv. Considering that Y2-R is present in the vagal afferent fibers, PYY3–36 could directly alter the firing rate of the vagal afferent nerve via Y2-R. We also investigated the effect of ascending fibers from the nucleus of the solitary tract on the transmission of PYY3–36-mediated satiety signals. In rats, bilateral midbrain transections rostral to the nucleus of the solitary tract also abolished PYY3–36-induced reductions in feeding. This study indicates that peripheral PYY3–36 may transmit satiety signals to the brain in part via the vagal afferent pathway.
Maternal Diabetes Adversely Affects Preovulatory Oocyte Maturation, Development, and Granulosa Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Chang Aimee S. , Dale Alexis N. , Moley Kelle H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMaternal diabetes adversely affects preimplantation embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether diabetes has an impact at an earlier stage of development, the preovulatory oocyte. Models of both acute and chronic insulin-dependent diabetes were used. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by a single streptozotocin injection. Akita mice, which harbor an autosomal dominant mutation causing them to be chronically hypoinsulinemic and hyperglycemic, were used. In both models, preovulatory oocytes were markedly smaller when compared with control animals. A significantly greater number of control oocytes had progressed to meiotic maturation before diabetic oocytes. Both models were found to have smaller, less developed ovarian follicles with a greater number of apoptotic foci by histological evaluation as well as by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling staining. Immunohistochemistry displayed a greater amount of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and KILLER, a key murine ligand and receptor involved in the extrinsic pathway, expressed in cumulus cells from hyperglycemic mice compared with controls, suggesting that this apoptotic pathway may be up-regulated under diabetic stress. Elevated KILLER expression was also confirmed through Western blotting. Connexin-43 expression was found to be lower by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in the diabetic samples. Both models of maternal hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia may have a detrimental effect on oocyte maturation and development as detailed by the smaller sizes of oocytes and developing ovarian follicles, the lowered percentage reaching germinal vesicle breakdown, and the greater amount of apoptosis. In addition, there may be dysfunctional or decreased communication in diabetic oocytes, as demonstrated by lower expression of connexin-43.
Doing Our Home Work: Anthropologists on Homelessness and Housing in the United States
Authors: Waterston Alisse 
Published: February 2005

There's No Place like Home: Anthropological Perspectives on Housing and Homelessness in the United States. Anna Lou Dehavenon. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1996.206 pp.Ttie Unequal Homeless: Men on tlie Street, Women in Their Place. Joanne Passaro. New York: Routledge, 1996. 128 pp.Homesteading in New York City, 1978‐1993: The Divided Heart of Loisaida. Malve von Hassell. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1996. 205 pp.
Large‐Scale Design of Cubic Ia3d Mesoporous Silica Monoliths with High Order, Controlled Pores, and Hydrothermal Stability (Adv. Mater. 2005, 1, 47)
Authors: El‐Safty S. A. , Hanaoka T. , Mizukami F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo view the original paper use http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200401317.
The serotonin transporter gene as a QTL for ADHD
Authors: Curran Sarah , Purcell Shaun , Craig Ian , Asherson Philip , Sham Pak 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMolecular studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have identified susceptibility genes for the categorically diagnosed disorder using operational diagnostic criteria. Here, we take a QTL approach to mapping genes for ADHD using a composite continuous index of ADHD behavior in a large epidemiological sample. Previous studies of clinical ADHD suggest that two functional polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), one in the 5′‐regulatory region of the gene (5‐HTTLPR) and the other a VNTR (5‐HTTVNTR) in the second intron, as well as a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR SNP), may be associated with the disorder. Here, we investigate these polymorphisms as well as an additional ten SNPs spread across the gene. We found significant association with the long (L) allele of the 5‐HTTLPR; P = 0.019, but neither the 5‐HTTVNTR nor the 3′‐UTR SNP were significantly associated. Significant associations (P < 0.05) were found for a further 5 the 10 other markers tested. We found evidence for two haplotype blocks spanning the region. We found strong evidence for association with the first haplotype block (comprised of four markers), with the significance of a combined primary and secondary test of association reaching an empirical P value = 0.0054 for the global test and an empirical P value = 0.00081 for the largest local test. Thus, we show here that SLC6A4, which has a major influence on brain serotonin availability, may be a QTL for ADHD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions (AMCRs): The New Frontier
Authors: Ramón Diego J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAsymmetric multicomponent reactions involve the preparation of chiral compounds by the reaction of three or more reagents added simultaneously. This kind of addition and reaction has some advantages over classic divergent reaction strategies, such as lower costs, time, and energy, as well as environmentally friendlier aspects. All these advantages, together with the high level of stereoselectivity attained in some of these reactions, will force chemists in industry as in academia to adopt this new strategy of synthesis, or at least to consider it as a viable option. The positive aspects as well as the drawbacks of this strategy are discussed in this Review.
Potential of silver nanoparticle‐coated polyurethane foam as an antibacterial water filter
Authors: Jain Prashant , Pradeep T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSilver nanoparticles can be coated on common polyurethane (PU) foams by overnight exposure of the foams to nanoparticle solutions. Repeated washing and air‐drying yields uniformly coated PU foam, which can be used as a drinking water filter where bacterial contamination of the surface water is a health risk. Nanoparticles are stable on the foam and are not washed away by water. Morphology of the foam was retained after coating. The nanoparticle binding is due to its interaction with the nitrogen atom of the PU. Online tests were conducted with a prototypical water filter. At a flow rate of 0.5 L/min, in which contact time was of the order of a second, the output count of Escherichia coli was nil when the input water had a bacterial load of 105 colony‐forming units (CFU) per mL. Combined with the low cost and effectiveness in its applications, the technology may have large implications to developing countries. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New Trends in the Chemistry of Iron(III) Citrate Complexes: Correlations between X‐ray Structures and Solution Species Probed by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Kinetics of Iron Uptake from Citrate by Iron Chelators
Authors: Gautier‐Luneau Isabelle , Merle Claire , Phanon Delphine , Lebrun Colette , Biaso Frédéric , Serratrice Guy , Pierre Jean‐Louis 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDespite the crucial role of “iron(III) citrate systems” in the iron metabolism of living organisms (bacteria as well as plants or mammals), the coordination chemistry of ferric citrate remains poorly defined. Variations in the experimental conditions used for the preparation of so‐called ferric citrates (iron salt, Fe:cit molar ratio, base, pH, temperature, solvent) lead to several different species, which are in equilibrium in solution. To date, six different anionic complexes have been structurally characterized in the solid state, by ourselves or others. In the work described herein, we have established the experimental conditions leading to each of them. Five were obtained from aqueous solution. With the exception of a nonanuclear species (of which fragments have been detected), all were identified in aqueous solution on the basis of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, the spectra revealed a new trinuclear species, which could not be crystallized. Kinetic studies of iron uptake from citrate species by iron chelators confirmed the results indicated by the ESI‐MS studies. These studies also allowed the relative molar fraction of mononuclear versus polynuclear complexes to be determined, which depends on the Fe:cit molar ratio.
An Efficient Ionization Method of Electrospray Mass Spectrometry: The Development of an Aromatic‐Cored Matrix That Wraps Labile Metal Complexes through Molecular Recognition
Authors: Kumazawa Kazuhisa , Yoshizawa Michito , Liu Hong‐Bo , Kamikawa Yuko , Moriyama Masaya , Kato Takashi , Fujita Makoto 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCompound 1 a, which possesses a triphenylene core and six tetraethyleneoxide side chains, shows efficient ionization of MII‐containing (M=Pd, Pt) complexes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). The molecular ion peaks [M]+, which are hardly detected under common ESI‐MS conditions, are clearly observed as their [M⋅(1 a)n]+ (n=1–4) adducts. UV‐visible and NMR studies reveal that the electron‐rich triphenylene core of 1 a binds to the electron‐deficient frameworks of the MII complexes in solution, giving rise to charge transfer (CT) complexes. We suggest that 1 a stabilizes the complexes and promotes efficient ionization through unique donor–acceptor molecular recognition.
High‐Spin Chloro Mononuclear MnIII Complexes: A Multifrequency High‐Field EPR Study
Authors: Mantel Claire , Chen Hongyu , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W. , Pécaut Jacques , Collomb Marie‐Noëlle , Duboc Carole 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe isolation, structural characterization, and electronic properties of two six‐coordinated chloromanganese (III) complexes, [Mn(terpy)(Cl)3] (1) and [Mn(Phterpy)(Cl)3] (2), are reported (terpy=2,2′:6′2′′‐terpyridine, Phterpy=4′‐phenyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine). These complexes complement a series of mononuclear azide and fluoride Mn(III) complexes synthesized with neutral N‐tridentate ligands, [Mn(L)(X)3] (X=F− or N3− and L=terpy or bpea [N,N‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐ethylamine)], previously described. Similar to these previous complexes, 1 and 2 exhibit a Jahn–Teller distortion of the octahedron, characteristic of a high‐spin Mn(III) complex (S=2). The analysis of the crystallographic data shows that, in both cases, the manganese ion lies in the center of a distorted octahedron characterized by an elongation along the tetragonal axis. Their electronic properties were investigated by multifrequency EPR (190–475 GHz) performed in the solid state at different temperatures (5–15 K). This study confirms our previous results and further shows that: i) the sign of D is correlated with the nature of the tetragonal distortion; ii) the magnitude of D is not sensitive to the nature of the anions in our series of rhombic complexes, contrary to the porphyrinic systems; iii) the |E/D| values (0.124 for 1 and 0.085 for 2) are smaller compared to those found for the [Mn(L)(X)3] complexes (in the range of 0.146 to 0.234); and iv) the E term increases when the ligand‐field strength of the equatorial ligands decreases.
Reduced 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene‐induced contact hypersensitivity response in IL‐15 receptor α‐deficient mice correlates with diminished CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP‐10 expression
Authors: Chen Jia‐Perng , Liao Nan‐Shih , Lai Szu‐Liang , Hsu Lilan , Mao Wan‐Yu , Ku Min‐Chi , Liao Fang 
Published: February 2005

AbstractUsing a model of 2,4‐dinitro‐1‐fluorobenzene‐induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) we found that, as compared with wild‐type mice, IL‐15 receptor α chain (IL‐15Rα)‐deficient mice showed significantly less ear swelling. This decreased response was associated with diminished expression of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/IP‐10, chemokines critical for effector cell recruitment, in the inflamed tissue. We determined that both the number of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the affected skin and the production of CCL5/RANTES by antigen‐stimulated CD8+ T cells were decreased in IL‐15Rα–/– mice. The lower levels of CXCL10/IP‐10 suggested that the IL‐15Rα–/– mice had reduced production of IFN‐γ, the primary inducer of CXCL10/IP‐10, which was in fact the case. However, by contrast with CCL5/RANTES, the diminished levels of IFN‐γ were likely due to the decreased number of skin‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells, since IFN‐γ production by antigen‐stimulated CD8+ T cells was comparable between wild‐type and IL‐15Rα–/– mice. Our data suggest a positive, pro‐inflammatory feedback loop involving CCL5/RANTES, IFN‐γ and CXCL10/IP‐10 that underlies the CHS reaction and that is disrupted, likely primarily by a defect in CCL5/RANTES production, in mice lacking IL‐15Rα, resulting in impaired leukocyte recruitment and inflammation. Moreover, it is particularly noteworthy that the defect in CCL5/RANTES expression in CD8+ T cells is intrinsic to the absence of IL‐15Rα, indicating that IL‐15Rα is critical for CCL5/RANTES expression in CD8+ T cells.
T cell homeostasis requires G protein‐coupled receptor‐mediated access to trophic signals that promote growth and inhibit chemotaxis
Authors: Cinalli Ryan M. , Herman Catherine E. , Lew Brian O. , Wieman Heather L. , Thompson Craig B. , Rathmell Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSignals that regulate T cell homeostasis are not fully understood. G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR), such as the chemokine receptors, may affect homeostasis by direct signaling or by guiding T cell migration to distinct location‐restricted signals. Here, we show that blockade of Gαi‐associated GPCR signaling by treatment with pertussis toxin led to T cell atrophy and shortened life‐span in T cell‐replete hosts and prevented T cell homeostatic growth and proliferation in T cell‐deficient hosts. In vitro, however, neither GPCR inhibition nor chemokine stimulation affected T cell atrophy, survival, or proliferation. These findings suggest that GPCR signals are not trophic stimuli, but instead may be required for migration to distinct trophic signals, such as IL‐7 or self‐peptide/MHC. Surprisingly, while chemokines did not affect atrophy, atrophic T cells displayed increased chemokine‐induced chemotaxis that was prevented by IL‐7 and submitogenic anti‐CD3 antibody treatment. This increase in migration was associated with increased levels of GTP‐bound Rac and the ability to remodel actin. These data suggest a novel mechanism of T cell homeostasis wherein GPCR may promote T cell migration to distinct location‐restricted homeostatic trophic cues for T cell survival and growth. Homeostatic trophic signals, in turn, may suppress chemokine sensitivity and cytoskeletal remodeling, to inhibit further migration.
Rapid in vivo analysis of mutant forms of the LAT adaptor using Pax5‐Lat double‐deficient pro‐B cells
Authors: Ardouin Laurence , Rolink Antonius G. , Mura Anne‐Marie , Gommeaux Julien , Melchers Fritz , Busslinger Meinrad , Malissen Marie , Malissen Bernard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractFollowing injection into recombinase‐activating gene‐deficient (Rag1–/–) mice, pro‐B cells lacking the Pax5 transcription factor (Pax5–/–) develop into most major hematopoietic lineages, with the notable exception of B cells. We assessed whether Pax5–/– pro‐B cells that were also rendered deficient for the linker for activation of T cells (LAT), an adaptor essential for T cell receptor signaling, can be used for the rapid in vivo analysis of mutant forms of LAT. We showed that Pax5–/– Lat–/– pro‐B cell lines can be infected with recombinant retroviruses expressing a LAT cDNA and sorted for the expression of LAT. When injected into Rag1–/– mice, they restore normal intrathymic T cell development and give rise to functional peripheral T cells. Considering that the handling of Pax5–/– pro‐B cell lines is easier than that of bone marrow hematopoietic precursors, we used them for the rapid functional analysis of a novel Lat allelic series. When compared to knock‐in and transgenic approaches, a major advantage of our Pax5–/– pro‐B cell‐based experimental approach consists in the production of mice bearing a given mutation within 2–3 months. Therefore, it constitutes a powerful first‐line screen for mutations worth fastidious knock‐in approaches.