bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acclimation Effects on the Supreme Court of Canada: A Cross‐Cultural Examination of Judicial Folklore*
Authors: Ostberg C. L. , Wetstein Matthew E. , Ducat Craig R. 
Published: August 2003

Objective. Few public law theories developed to understand the decision making of U.S. courts have been examined in different cultural settings. This study examines the applicability of the “freshman effects” theory in the context of the Canadian Supreme Court.Methods. The article uses analysis of variance tests to examine changes in the voting and authorship patterns of 15 Canadian Supreme Court Justices during the Laskin, Dickson, and Lamer Court periods (1973–1999).Results. We find very little evidence of acclimation effects on the Canadian Supreme Court. However, through the Chief Justice's power to compose decision panels, Canadian justices in their first full year of service are assigned significantly fewer cases than in subsequent years of their career. Thus, Canadian justices are given time to acclimate to the high court through a lower workload, a luxury not afforded to U.S. justices.Conclusions. Theories of public law adopted to understand U.S. courts may be limited in their generalizability beyond the U.S. setting because of the institutional and political forces that shape judicial decision making in other courts.
Roles of
Candida albicans
Dfg5p and Dcw1p Cell Surface Proteins in Growth and Hypha Formation
Authors: Spreghini Elisabetta , Davis Dana A. , Subaran Ryan , Kim Michelle , Mitchell Aaron P. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

The
Candida albicans
cell wall participates in both growth and morphological transitions between yeast and hyphae. Our studies here focus on Dfg5p and Dcw1p, two similar proteins with features of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked cell surface proteins. Mutants lacking Dfg5p are defective in alkaline pH-induced hypha formation; mutants lacking Dcw1p have no detected hypha formation defect. Both homozygote-triplication tests and conditional expression strategies indicate that
dfg5
and
dcw1
mutations are synthetically lethal. Therefore, Dfg5p and Dcw1p share a function required for growth. Epitope-tagged Dfg5p, created through an insertional mutagenesis strategy, is found in cell membrane and cell wall extract fractions, and endoglycosidase H digestion shows that Dfg5p undergoes N-linked mannosylation. Surprisingly, Dfg5p is required for expression of the hypha-specific gene
HWP1
in alkaline media. Because Dfg5p is a cell surface protein, it is poised to generate or transmit an external signal required for the program of hypha-specific gene expression.
Formation and Remodeling of Inositolphosphoceramide during Differentiation of
Trypanosoma cruzi
from Trypomastigote to Amastigote
Authors: Salto Maria Laura , Bertello Laura E. , Vieira Mauricio , Docampo Roberto , Moreno Silvia N. J. , de Lederkremer Rosa M. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Differentiation of
Trypanosoma cruzi
trypomastigotes to amastigotes inside myoblasts or in vitro, at low extracellular pH, in the presence of [
3
H]palmitic acid or [
3
H]inositol revealed differential labeling of inositolphosphoceramide and phosphatidylinositol, suggesting that a remodeling process takes place in both lipids. Using
3
H-labeled inositolphosphoceramide and phosphatidylinositol as substrates, we demonstrated the association of at least five enzymatic activities with the membranes of amastigotes and trypomastigotes. These included phospholipase A
1
, phospholipase A
2
, inositolphosphoceramide-fatty acid hydrolase, acyltransferase, and a phospholipase C releasing either ceramide or a glycerolipid from the inositolphospholipids. These enzymes may be acting in remodeling reactions leading to the anchor of mature glycoproteins or glycoinositolphospholipids and helping in the transformation of the plasma membrane, a necessary step in the differentiation of slender trypomastigotes to round amastigotes. Synthesis of inositolphosphoceramide and particularly of glycoinositolphospholipids was inhibited by aureobasidin A, a known inhibitor of fungal inositolphosphoceramide synthases. The antibiotic impaired the differentiation of trypomastigotes at acidic pH, as indicated by an increased appearance of intermediate forms and a decreased expression of the Ssp4 glycoprotein, a characteristic marker of amastigote forms. Aureobasidin A was also toxic to differentiating trypomastigotes at acidic pH but not to trypomastigotes maintained at neutral pH. Our data suggest that inositolphosphoceramide is implicated in
T. cruzi
differentiation and that its metabolism could provide important targets for the development of antiparasitic therapies.
Selective expression of stromal-derived factor-1 in the capillary vascular endothelium plays a role in Kaposi sarcoma pathogenesis
Authors: Yao Lei , Salvucci Ombretta , Cardones Adela R. , Hwang Sam T. , Aoki Yoshiyasu , De La Luz Sierra Maria , Sajewicz Agatha , Pittaluga Stefania , Yarchoan Robert , Tosato Giovanna 
Published: August 2003

AbstractKaposi sarcoma (KS), the most common neoplasm in patients with AIDS, typically presents with multiple skin lesions characterized by “spindle cells,” the vast majority of which are infected with KSHV (Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus, also named HHV-8). In patients with AIDS, the presence of cell-associated KSHV DNA in blood is predictive of subsequent KS development, but the mechanisms by which circulating KSHV-infected cells contribute to AIDS-KS pathogenesis are unclear. Here, we show that the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), which is constitutively expressed by skin capillary endothelium and displayed on the endothelial cell surface in association with heparan sulfate, can trigger specific arrest of KSHV-infected cells under physiologic shear flow conditions. Moreover, in the presence of soluble SDF-1 gradients, SDF-1 expressed on the endothelial barrier can promote transendothelial migration of KSHV-infected cells. By triggering specific adhesion of circulating KSHV-infected cells and favoring their entry into the extravascular cutaneous space, endothelial cell–associated SDF-1 in cutaneous capillaries may dictate the preferential occurrence of KS in the skin.
Kit regulatory elements required for expression in developing hematopoietic and germ cell lineages
Authors: Cairns Linda A. , Moroni Emanuela , Levantini Elena , Giorgetti Alessandra , Klinger Francesca G. , Ronzoni Simona , Tatangelo Laura , Tiveron Cecilia , De Felici Massimo , Dolci Susanna , Magli Maria Cristina , Giglioni Barbara , Ottolenghi Sergio 
Published: August 2003

AbstractThe Kit (White) gene encodes the transmembrane receptor of stem cell factor/Kit ligand (KL) and is essential for the normal development/maintenance of pluripotent primordial germ cells (PGCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), melanoblasts, and some of their descendants. The molecular basis for the transcriptional regulation of Kit during development of these important cell types is unknown. We investigated Kit regulation in hematopoietic cells and PGCs. We identified 6 DNase I hypersensitive sites (HS1-HS6) within the promoter and first intron of the mouse Kit gene and developed mouse lines expressing transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of these regulatory elements. A construct driven by the Kit promoter and including all 6 HS sites is highly expressed during mouse development in Kit+ cells including PGCs and hematopoietic progenitors (erythroid blast-forming units and mixed colony-forming units). In contrast, the Kit promoter alone (comprising HS1) is sufficient to drive low-level GFP expression in PGCs, but unable to function in hematopoietic cells. Hematopoietic expression further requires the addition of the intronproximal HS2 fragment; HS2 also greatly potentiates the activity in PGCs. Thus, HS2 acts as an enhancer integrating transcriptional signals common to 2 developmentally unrelated stem cell/progenitor lineages. Optimal hematopoietic expression further requires HS3-HS6.
Prediction of Disease Outcome in Melanoma Patients by Molecular Analysis of Paraffin-Embedded Sentinel Lymph Nodes
Authors: Kuo Christine T. , Hoon Dave S.B. , Takeuchi Hiroya , Turner Roderick , Wang He-Jing , Morton Donald L. , Taback Bret 
Published: August 2003

Purpose: A significant number of patients who develop recurrence after a histopathologically negative sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy will demonstrate occult metastases on re-evaluation of the SLNs with serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been evaluated to improve disease staging and avoid false-negative findings in fresh or frozen-section SLNs. The purpose of this study was to develop a multimarker RT-PCR assay for assessing melanoma patients’ archived paraffin-embedded (PE) SLNs. Patients and Methods: Archived PE histopathologically positive (n = 37) and negative (n = 40) SLNs from patients with primary melanoma were analyzed using a semiquantitative multimarker RT-PCR assay. Results: Marker expression in histopathologically positive and negative SLNs were as follows: 89%, 92%, 35%, and 43% (positive) and 40%, 33%, 5%, and 13% (negative) for tyrosinase, melanoma antigen recognized by T cells-1, tyrosinase-related protein-1, and tyrosinase-related protein-2, respectively. Twenty-five percent of histopathologically negative SLN patients were upstaged using at least two markers. Of these, 80% developed a recurrence. Furthermore, at a median follow-up of 55 months, patients with histopathologically negative SLNs who expressed zero or one marker had a significantly improved disease-free (P < .002) and overall (P < .03) survival versus those expressing two or more markers. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the feasibility of a multimarker RT-PCR assay for evaluating archived PE SLNs. More significantly, identification of molecular risk factors can be detected in histopathologically negative SLNs for distinguishing early-stage melanoma patients with a worse prognosis.
The Positive Inotropic and Calcium-Mobilizing Effects of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptides on Rat Heart
Authors: Xu Xiang-Bin , Cao Ji-Min , Pang Jing-Jiang , Xu Rong-Kun , Ni Chao , Zhu Wen-Ling , Asotra Kamlesh , Chen Meng-Chin , Chen Chen 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
GH-releasing peptides (GHRP) are synthetic peptides exerting GH-dependent or GH-independent effects via GH secretagogue receptor on many organs, including the heart. The underlying mechanisms of the cardiotropic properties of GHRP are poorly understood. This study investigates these effects of four GHRP in isolated perfused heart preparations and isolated neonatal and adult ventricular myocytes. The calcium response of cardiocytes to GHRP was visualized using confocal microscopy. All tested GHRP facilitated both ventricular contraction and relaxation in a dose-dependent manner, moderately decreasing coronary flow, but not modifying heart rate. GHRP induced a biphasic increase in intracellular free Ca2+ of the cardiocytes, consisting of a transient phase (phase 1), followed by a plateau phase (phase 2). Phase 1 was abolished by pretreatment with thapsigargin, a Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The phase 2 response was eliminated by removing extracellular free Ca2+, by verapamil, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, or by 24-h pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, down-regulating protein kinase C. In isolated (denervated) heart, GHRP have a direct cardiotropic, without chronotropic, effect. GHRP elevate myocardial intracellular free Ca2+ through activating Ca2+ influx via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and triggering Ca2+ release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores. Protein kinase C mediates the GHRP-induced Ca2+ influx, but not Ca2+ release. These finding support a number of roles for GHRP in the cardiovascular system.
High Constitutive Signaling of the Ghrelin Receptor—Identification of a Potent Inverse Agonist
Authors: Holst Birgitte , Cygankiewicz Adam , Jensen Tine Halkjær , Ankersen Michael , Schwartz Thue W. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractGhrelin is a GH-releasing peptide that also has an important role as an orexigenic hormone-stimulating food intake. By measuring inositol phosphate turnover or by using a reporter assay for transcriptional activity controlled by cAMP-responsive elements, the ghrelin receptor showed strong, ligand-independent signaling in transfected COS-7 or human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Ghrelin and a number of the known nonpeptide GH secretagogues acted as agonists stimulating inositol phosphate turnover further. In contrast, the low potency ghrelin antagonist, [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]-substance P was surprisingly found to be a high potency (EC50 = 5.2 nm) full inverse agonist as it decreased the constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor down to that observed in untransfected cells. The homologous motilin receptor functioned as a negative control as it did not display any sign of constitutive activity; however, upon agonist stimulation the motilin receptor signaled as strongly as the unstimulated ghrelin receptor. It is concluded that the ghrelin receptor is highly constitutively active and that this activity could be of physiological importance in its role as a regulator of both GH secretion and appetite control. It is suggested that inverse agonists for the ghrelin receptor could be particularly interesting for the treatment of obesity.
Remarkable Photosensitized Luminescence of Neodymium(III) Complexes with Halogenated 8-Quinolinol Derivatives
Authors: Iwamuro Mitsunori , Adachi Tomoko , Wada Yuji , Kitamura Takayuki , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Remarkable luminescence of neodymium ion (Nd(III)) complexed with 8-quinolinol derivatives containing halogen atoms was successfully observed in organic solution under visible light irradiation via photosensitization. Introduction of halogen atoms in the ligands led to enhancement of the luminescence.
A Heavy-Atom Effect on the cis-trans Photoisomerization of Bisforlmyl-Substituted trans,trans,trans-1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene
Authors: Sonoda Yoriko , Kawanishi Yuji , Sakuragi Masako 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
On irradiation of p,p′-bisformyl-substituted trans,trans,trans-1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in ethyl iodide, trans,trans,trans → trans,cis,trans isomerization was predominantly observed, which is in contrast to stereoselective trans,trans,trans → cis,trans,trans isomerization in common organic solvents.
Electron Spin-Echo Envelope Modulation Studies on Copper Site of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b
Authors: Takeguchi Masayuki , Fukui Kouichi , Ohya Hiroaki , Okura Ichiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The electron spin-echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) effect was studied on the type II copper site in the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. From comparing the ESEEM spectra of the membranes treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and some model compounds, it was clarified that there were at least two imidazole ligands bound copper (II) in pMMO.
Synthesis of an Optically Active Poly(phenylacetylene) Bearing Galvinoxyl Radicals for Magnetic Materials
Authors: Kaneko Takashi , Yamamoto Tsuyoshi , Aoki Toshiki , Oikawa Eizo 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
An optically active polyradical was first synthesized by copolymerization of (4-ethynylphenyl)hydrogalvinoxyl and chiral acetylene monomer using Rh-catalyst. The circular dichroism spectrum of the polyradical showed a Cotton effect indicating the exess of one-handed helix backbone and the induced chirality of side-chain galvinoxyl units. Intermoleculer antiferromagnetic interaction observed for the polyradical was larger than that of the corresponding polyradical without excess of one-handed helix.
Simultaneously in-situ Analysis of Trace Elements and U-Pb and Pb-Pb Ages for Single Zircons by Laser Ablation Microprobe-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Liang Xirong , Li Xian-hua , Sun Min , Liu Ying , Tu Xianglin 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Simultaneously in-situ analysis for more than 25 trace elements and U-Pb and Pb-Pb ages in single zircons using the LAM-ICPMS technique was successfully achieved. The precision and accuracy of analysis are 5-15% for most trace elements, 1-3% for 207Pb/206Pb isotopic ratios, and 2-8% for 206Pb/238U ratios. This combined geochemical and geochronological investigation has significant implications to studying zircons with complicated geological histories.
Surface-assisted Photomanipulation of Orientation of a Polymer Liquid Crystal
Authors: Kidowaki Masatoshi , Fujiwara Takenori , Ichimura Kunihiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The alignment photocontrol of liquid crystalline polymer films was achieved by a thin film of a polymethacrylate with p-cyanoazobenzene side chains as a command layer, which was exposed to linearly polarized light in advance.
Stepwise Construction of Clusters Containing Ru2PtWS4 and Ru2Pt2WS4 Cores by the Thermal Reaction of [{Cp*Ru(CO)}2(WS4)] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) with [PtMe2(cod)] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene)
Authors: Yuki Masahiro , Okazaki Masaaki , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The stepwise construction of [{Cp*Ru(CO)}2(WS4)(PtMe2)] and [{Cp*Ru(CO)}2(WS4)(PtMe2)2] clusters was achieved by the thermal reaction of [{Cp*Ru(CO)}2{W(μ-S)4}] with [PtMe2(cod)].
Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Vesicle “Cerasome” Derived from Artificial Lipid with Alkoxysilyl Head
Authors: Katagiri Kiyofumi , Ariga Katsuhiko , Kikuchi Jun-ichi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
An artificial lipid bearing a triethoxysilyl head and a dialkyl tail has been synthesized in order to prepare a novel type of organic-inorganic hybrid, “Cerasome”, which can form siloxane network on its vesicular surface. The Cerasomes were obtained upon vortex mixing of aqueous dispersion of the lipid followed by acid hydrolysis of the head moiety.
Solvent Effect on the Structure of the Self-Assembled Monolayer of Alkanethiol
Authors: Yamada Ryo , Sakai Hidetada , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Structures of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of decanethiol on Au(111) surface prepared in ethanol, toluene, DMF and heptane solution were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electrochemical reductive desorption measurement in 0.5 M KOH aqueous solution. While no significant difference was detected in the reductive desorption measurement except for the SAM prepared in heptane, the STM observation showed that domain size and pit size were strongly affected by solvent.
Spectroscopic and Photophysical Behavior of 2-Quinolone as a Probe for Brønsted and Lewis Acid Sites in Zeolites
Authors: Kojima Masanobu , Odaka Akira , Nakajima Tsuyoshi , Kuriyama Yasunao 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in zeolites were characterized by using 2-quinolone as a probe, by means of ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra, fluorescence decay lifetime, and ESR. The results showed clearer differences in the acidity of zeolites compared to those determined by using Hammett indicators. The species observed in the zeolites depended on the acidity, the cavity size, and the amount of 2-quinolone loaded.
Hexarhenium(III) Clusters [Re6(μ3-S)8X6]4− (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−) are Luminescent at Room Temperature
Authors: Yoshimura Takashi , Ishizaka Shoji , Umakoshi Keisuke , Sasaki Yoichi , Kim Haeng-Boo , Kitamura Noboru 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Hexarhenium clusters, (n-Bu4N)4[Re6(μ3-S)8X6] (X− = Cl−, Br−, I−) show strong red emission both in the solid state and in solution with the lifetime of a few μs at room temperature.
In situ Formation of ZSM-5 in NaY Gel and Characterization of ZSM-5/Y Composite Zeolite
Authors: Chen Honglin , Shen Baojian , Pan Huifang 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
A novel one-pot procedure for the preparation of Y and ZSM-5 composite zeolite was developed by in situ hydrothermal crystallization of Y synthesis gel. Comparing to the mechanical mixture of ZSM-5 and Y zeolites, the composite material showed identical thermal and hydrothermal stability, better performances in dealumination and synergism advantages in catalytic cracking of heavy oil.
Microwave-promoted Synthesis of Methoxylated Benzaldehydes from Natural cis-Phenylpropenes Using NaIO4/OsO4 (cat.)
Authors: Sinha Arun K , Joshi Bhupendra P , Acharya Ruchi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Microwave-promoted rapid oxidation of toxic natural cis-phenylpropenes (1a–1e) into high valued methoxylated benzaldehydes (2a–2e) was achieved within 2 min in high yield (71–84%) by reacting with sodium metaperiodate in the presence of catalytic amount of osmium tetraoxide (co-oxidant) and benzyltriethylammonium chloride (PTC).
Hydrothermal Conversion of Solid Silica Beads to Hollow Silicalite-1 Sphere
Authors: Dong Angang , Wang Yajun , Tang Yi , Wang Deju , Ren Nan , Zhang Yahong , Gao Zi 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Uniform hollow silicalite-1 spheres with a high intact ratio and good mechanical stability were fabricated through a novel and effective approach, which involved the seed-induced hydrothermal crystallization of mesoporous silica microbeads in an alkaline aqueous solution.
Structure of Cofacial Cyclic Dimer with Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Nihei Masayuki , Oshio Hiroki 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Reactions of CuCl2·2H2O with tetradentate bis-Schiff base ligands yielded dinuclear copper(II) complexes of [CuII2(sah)2] (1) and [CuII2(sao)2] (2) (H2sah = 1,7-bis(salicylideneamino)heptane and H2sao = 1,8-bis(salicylideneamino)octane). X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that 1 and 2 have a cofacial cyclic structure with an intramolecular cavity.
[{{Zn(en)2}2As6V15O42(H2O)}2{Zn(en)2}]·2Hen·3H2O. The First Dimeric Arsenic-Vanadium Cluster Linked by Zn(en)2 Complex Bridge
Authors: Zheng Shou-Tian , Zhang Jie , Yang Guo-Yu 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
The hydrothermal reaction of VOSO4, As2O3, ZnCl2, en (ethylenediamine), HCl, and H2O produces [{{Zn(en)2}2As6V15O42(H2O)}2{Zn(en)2}]·2Hen·3H2O, which is the first dimeric As-V-O cluster linked by transition metal complex bridge. The structure of this compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, EPR, TGA, and IR spectrum.
Antioxidant Polymer Particles. Enzymatic Immobilization of Catechin on Polymer Particles
Authors: Ihara Noriko , Tachibana Yoichi , Chung Joo Eun , Kurisawa Motoichi , Uyama Hiroshi , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Catechin-immobilizing polymer particles have been developed by laccase-catalyzed oxidation of catechin in the presence of amine-containing porous polymer particles. The resulting particles showed good scavenging activity toward stable free DPPH radical and ABTS radical cation.
Composite Nano-structured Materials Consisting of CdS Clusters and Heteropolyanions PW12O403−
Authors: Fu Degang , Zhang Yu 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Composite nanocrystal materials CdS/PW12O403− with an ordered structure formed by CdS clusters surrounded with dispersed PW12O403− anions were synthesized. The material has of a long period about 6.6 nm in agreement with the size sum of individual CdS cluster and PW12O403− anion.
Ordered Nanowire Arrays of Metal Sulfides Templated by Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 via a Simple Impregnation Reaction
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Tian Bozhi , Yu Chengzhong , Tu Bo , Liu Zheng , Terasaki Osamu , Zhao Dongyuan 
Published: August 2003

Abstract
Well-patterned crystalline nanowire arrays of binary compound metal sulfides, CdS, ZnS, and In2S3, were synthesized for the first time employing a simple impregnation reaction procedure from two separate precursors (metal and sulfur precursors) using mesoporous SBA-15 as a hard template.