bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification and mutants generation of isolate 04 for its improved bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin
Authors: Bathini Nagaraju , Sultanpuram Vishnuvardhan Reddy , Mothe Thirumala 
Published: January 2025

Vanillin is widely used as a food flavouring, scent ingredient in cosmetics and perfumes, as an intermediate in agrochemicals & medicines and also as a nutraceutical. Serial dilution of sediment sample yielded 32 strains, among which three isolates A2, A7, and 04 reported here were characterized at molecular level by 16S rDNA sequencing. They were identified and similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (94.97%), Acinetobacter baumannii (99.93%) and Lysinibacillus macroides (98.67%) respectively based on its 16S rDNA sequences. Among these three strains, isolate 04 was with high ferulic acid (FA) to vanillin bioconversion activity. Vanillin concentration was determined by the Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method and analysed by UV-spectrophotometry, which showed 11.63 ± 0.05 mg/ml vanillin after optimization studies. HPLC with UV detector was also used for the characterization of the vanillin formed, which showed peak at 8.793 rt. To improve FA to vanillin bioconversion, physical mutagenesis was performed on isolate 04, which generated three mutants (1, 2, and 3). These three mutants were subject to FA to vanillin biotransformation study. TBA method and UV spectrophotometric analysis showed a higher conversion by mutant 2 than other two mutants, 1 and 3. Mutant 2 formed almost two-fold vanillin i.e. 19.78 ± 0.05 mg/ml when compared to its wild strain, isolate 04. Hence, this mutant may be further subjected to optimization studies and exploited for industrial biotransformation process.
S-block elements: pharmacological properties and potential medical applications of alkali and alkaline earth metals
Authors: Sidra  , Zulfiqar Maimoona , Noureen Sibgha , Zahoor Nimra , Murtaza Momna 
Published: January 2025

Background
The periodic table contains the s-block elements in groups 1 and 2. In the periodic table, they reside in the first two columns. S-block consists of 14 elements that include hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), francium (Fr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). These elements are called s-block elements because their valence electrons are in the s-orbital. Alkali and alkaline earth metals are widely employed in synthetic and chemical technology. Over the past 10 years, a growing number of target molecules have been identified in chemistry due to the increased attention it has received because of its diverse uses.

Methodology
Articles were searched using the following search engines: PubMed, Google Scholar, Worldwide Science and ResearchGate, etc.

Result
S-block components are vital to life as they are essential for metabolism, proteins synthesis and brain development. The diverse uses and effects of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in medicine and research have been discussed in review.

Conclusion
Lastly, this review covers the historical background and pharmacological potential of s-block elements and their properties, uses, and potential medical applications such as mood stabilization, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory activity, diagnostic imaging, vasodilatory activity, and cardioprotective activity.
Nutrient cycling characteristics along a chronosequence of forest primary succession in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area, eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Danli , Luo Ji , Shu Shumiao , Hu Yan , Tang Hongsong , Li Xuemei 
Published: January 2025

Background
The Hailuogou Glacier has been continuously retreating since the end of the Little Ice Age, resulting in a 125-year soil chronosequence and a complete primary forest succession sequence. Nutrient cycling and utilization are the foundation to forest succession processes and dynamic changes, directly influencing the structure and stability of ecosystems. However, our understandings on the characteristics of ecosystem nutrient accumulation and recycling during succession, especially in the context of primary succession within glacier retreat areas, remain limited. To address this, we investigated nutrient characteristics across six forest primary succession sites in the Hailuogou Glacier retreat area.

Methods
Six sites representing three forest stages: the pioneer plant stage (S1), the broad-leaved forest stage (S2–S4), and the coniferous forest stage (S5–S6). Three quadrats were established at each site, and measurements of biomass as well as soil characteristics were documented within each quadrat. Subsequently, we collected samples of vegetation, soil and litter. By measuring the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in vegetation and soil and combining with the data of the quadrat survey, the pools and nutrient characteristics of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in various components of the ecosystem were calculated at each site.

Results
Our findings indicated that: (1) Nutrient pools, excluding the soil C layer, increased with forest primary succession, reaching 5,995.71 kg hm−2 N, 461.83 kg hm−2 P, 3,798.09 kg hm−2 K, 7,559.81 kg hm−2 Ca and 1,948.13 kg hm−2 Mg at site S6; however, the pools of P, K, and Mg in the Oa layer, and Ca and Mg in the tree layer, attained their peak levels at sites S3 to S4. (2) The pools of N, Ca, and Mg in the organic soil were significantly greater than vegetation. Although over 60% of the P and K were stored in the organic soil at site S1, these proportions shifted, with vegetation holding 60.71% of P and 56.86% of K at site S5. (3) Broad-leaved forests exhibited higher nutrient return, cycling, and absorption, thereby accelerating nutrient circulation and depleting soil nutrients to maintain growth. In contrast, coniferous forests were more efficient at nutrient utilization and storage, retaining nutrients and maintaining high biomass and productivity in nutrient-poor environments. Overall, these findings highlighted that the nutrients in each component of the ecosystem continue to accumulate with forest primary succession. Coniferous forests’ nutrient cycling mechanisms offer a competitive edge in nutrient-poor environments, enhancing ecosystem stability.
Organic Peroxides
Authors: Muianga Custodio V. , Lasee Steven 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOrganic peroxides (ROOR′), solid or liquid with the bivalent OO structure. Relatively unstable and highly reactive molecules due to the presence of an oxygen–oxygen linkage. The oxygen–oxygen bond may be cleaved to form highly reactive free radicals and react with many substances (e.g., metals, acids, and bases). ROORs are used in plastics, rubbers, and many industries as initiators, accelerators, promoters, catalysts, activators, and more. Major concerns with ROORs are associated with fires, explosions, and corrosiveness. Reactive oxygen species and free radicals may lead to DNA damage and mutagenesis. Recent work from government agents, academic research laboratories, and manufacturing organizations have focused on physical hazards classification and categorization; and producing best practice protocols for safe handling and storage, control of temperatures, self‐accelerating decomposition temperatures, spills cleaning, disposal, and treatment of ROORs residues. These efforts allow compliance with countries and international regulations. Potential health hazards are associated with eye and skin contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Acute exposure may lead to irritation, allergic response, and potential damage to the eye and skin. As with any irritant or corrosive, dose is a critical consideration with respect to understanding the risk. Chronic exposures, mostly understood in animals but there are human data, can cause a myriad of effects. These may range from respiratory illnesses, to liver, kidney damage, and cancer. The manufacturer's SDS of individual chemical may provide toxicity information. This chapter summarizes chemical‐specific toxicity information on 77 organic peroxide compounds grouped in eight physical hazard categories. NIOSH has fully validated the method for benzoyl peroxide. NTP has released a report on the toxic effects oft‐butyl perbenzoate and it deserves to be considered. Exposure assessment methods when available were presented. Future research needs to focus on epidemiological and toxicological studies of ROORs.
Featured Cover
Authors: Tracey Robert , Elisseev Vadim , Smyrnakis Michalis , Hoang Lan , Fellows Mark , Ackers Michael , Laughton Andrew , Hill Stephen , Folkes Phillip , Whittle John 
Published: January 2024

The cover image is based on the Letter Towards bespoke optimizations of energy efficiency in HPC environments by Robert Tracey et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ail2.87.image
Risk factors and clinical impact of thrombosis during induction chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from CYP‐C
Authors: Pelland‐Marcotte Marie‐Claude , Kulkarni Ketan , Tran Thai Hoa , Stammers David , Gupta Sumit , Sung Lillian , Athale Uma H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThromboembolism (TE) is associated with reduced survival in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It has been hypothesized that TE might signal leukemic aggressiveness. The objective was to determine risk factors for TE during ALL induction (TEind) therapy and whether TEind is associated with treatment refractoriness. This retrospective cohort study using the population‐based Cancer in Young People Canada (CYP‐C) registry included children <15 years of age diagnosed with ALL (2000–2019) and treated at one of 12 Canadian pediatric centers outside of Ontario. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine risk factors for TEind and whether TEind predicted induction failure and ALL treatment intensification. The impact of TEind on overall and event‐free survival was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression models. The study included 2589 children, of which 45 (1.7%) developed a TEind. Age (<1 year and ≥10 years vs. 1–<10 years), T‐cell phenotype, high‐risk ALL, and central nervous system involvement were all associated with TEind in univariate analysis. Age and T‐cell phenotype remained independent predictors of TEind in multivariable analysis. Induction failure occurred in 53 patients (2.1%). TEind was not associated with induction failure (OR: not estimable) or treatment intensification (adjusted OR [95% CI]: 0.66 [0.26–1.69]). TEind was independently associated with overall survival (adjusted HR [95% CI]: 2.54 [1.20–5.03]) but not event‐free survival (adjusted HR [95% CI] 1.86 [0.98–3.51]). In this population‐based study of children treated with contemporary chemotherapy protocols, TEind was associated with age and T‐cell phenotype and mortality but did not predict induction failure.
Modulating the Dipole Moment of Secondary Ammonium Spacers for Efficient 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Rui , Yang Liu , Hu Ziyang , Liu Hang , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLayered two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites are emerging as promising optoelectronic materials owing to their excellent environmental stability. Regulating the dipole moment of organic spacers has the potential to reduce the exciton binding energy (Eb) of 2D perovskites and improve their photovoltaic performance. Here, we developed two azetidine‐based secondary ammonium spacers with different electron‐withdrawing groups, namely 3‐hydroxyazatidine (3‐OHAz) and 3,3‐difluoroazetidine (3,3‐DFAz) spacers, for 2D Ruddlesden‐Popper (RP) perovskites. It was found that the large dipole moment of the fluorinated dipole spacer could effectively enhance the interaction between organic spacers and inorganic layers, leading to improved charge dissociation in 2D RP perovskite. In contrast to 3‐OHAz spacer, the 2D perovskite using 3,3‐DFAz as spacer also shows improved film quality, optimized energy level alignment, and reduced exciton binding energy. As a result, the 2D perovskite (n=4) device based on 3,3‐DFAz yields an outstanding efficiency of 19.28 %, surpassing that of the 3‐OHAz‐Pb device (PCE=11.35 %). The efficiency was further improved to 19.85 % when using mixed A‐site cation of MA0.95FA0.05. This work provides an effective strategy for modulating the energy level alignment and reducing the Eb by regulating the dipole moment of organic spacers, ultimately enabling the development of high‐performance 2D perovskite solar cells.
Revising the taxonomic status of Asystasia gangetica var. Krishnae Tandyekk., Pandur. & N. Mohanan (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Deepa Lekshmi Viswakumar Sujatha , Anil Kumar Venugopalan nair Saradamma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe taxonomic status of Asystasia gangetica var. krishnae has been evaluated and compared with the closely resembling taxon A. intrusa (synonyms: A. gangetica subsp. micrantha and A. micrantha). The trait that differentiates the two taxa, as per reports, is the occurrence of vertical violet‐black bands on the sides of anthers in the former taxon. The authors explain that var. krishnae could be the first report of A. intrusa for the country and suggest the possibility of neglecting the violet black bands in the previous descriptions of A. intrusa.
Modulating fluid rheology and confinement toward augmenting the performance of a double layered microchannel heat sink
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Das Arka , Bakli Chirodeep 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe improvement of the cooling performance of liquid‐cooled microchannel heat sinks used for densely packed electronic circuits is sorted via passive techniques like tuning substrate or coolant properties. We propose a design for enhancing heat sink performance by simulataneously modifying the channel geometry and tuning the fluid rheology. By modeling the coolant as a power law fluid, its rheological behavior is varied ranging from shear‐thinning to shear‐thickening, alongside Newtonian fluid. We introduced tapering to the middle wall that separates the bottom and top channels of a double layered microchannel heat sink (DL‐MCHS), causing both channels to converge. This convergence not only increases the flow velocity within the downstream microchannel but also reduces the apparent viscosity of the shear‐thinning fluid being subjected to shear, resulting in enhanced thermal and hydraulic performance. We analyze the results from both the first and the second law of thermodynamics context, demonstrating that a tapered DL‐MCHS with shear‐thinning fluid outperforms a straight partition wall DL‐MCHS with Newtonian coolant. However, we also discovered that extreme tapering compromises thermodynamic viability, but by fine‐tuning the extent of tapering, we inferred that a DL‐MCHS with shear‐thinning fluid can become viable with little compromise in the thermal performance.
Ein Farbstoff wird zur biologischen Sonde
Authors: Simeth Nadja 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAzobenzole in Zellen aktivieren und deaktivieren Ionenkanäle, wenn sie mit Licht bestrahlt werden. Solche Einsatzzwecke in biologischen Systemen haben besondere Anforderungen, etwa bei Absorptionsmaximum und Löslichkeit. Das erfordert damals wie heute kluge Synthesestrategien.
Krebsmedikamente zum Anschalten
Authors: Felber Jan G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractArzneimittel gegen Krebs haben durch ihren potenten, aber meist unspezifischen Wirkmechanismus Nebenwirkungen für Patientinnen und Patienten. Klartext‐Preisträger Jan G. Felber hat neuartige molekulare Mäntel entwickelt, um therapeutische Wirkstoffe gezielt zu aktivieren – und zwar durch enzymatische Prozesse im Krebsgewebe.
Kambrische Werkstoff‐Explosion
Authors: Albus Stefan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEine plastikmüllfreie Welt wünschen sich viele. Erste Schritte dorthin gingen die Aussteller und Besucher auf einer Messe in Köln. Beispiele sind biobasierte Polyole, bioabbaubare Schraubdeckel und Beschichtungen, die zwar Fett abhalten, sich in Wasser aber auflösen.
Fluorescent Nile blue‐functionalized poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) microgels responsive to temperature and polyamines
Authors: Shen Qiming , Fang Changhao , Hu Liang , Serpe Michael J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFluorescent poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐Nile blue) (pNIPAm‐co‐NB) microgels were synthesized that exhibited fluorescence intensity changes in a water temperature‐dependent fashion. NB is well known to exhibit fluorescence intensity that depends on the hydrophobicity of the environment, while pNIPAm‐based microgels are well known to transition from swollen (hydrophilic) to collapsed (relatively hydrophobic) at temperatures greater than 32 °C; hence, we attribute the above behavior to the hydrophobicity changes of the microgels with increasing temperature. This phenomenon is ultimately due to NB dimers (relatively quenched fluorescence) being broken in the hydrophobic environment of the microgels leading to relatively enhanced fluorescence. We went on to show that the introduction of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) into the pNIPAm‐co‐NB microgels enhanced their fluorescence allowing them to be used for polyamine (e.g., spermine [SPM]) detection. Specifically, CB[7] forms a host–guest interaction with NB in the microgels, which prevents NB dimerization and enhances their fluorescence. When SPM is present, it forms a host–guest complex that is favored over the CB[7]‐NB host–guest interaction, which frees the NB for dimerization and leads to fluorescence quenching. As a result, we could generate an SPM sensor capable of SPM detection down to ~0.5 µmol/L in complicated matrixes such as serum and urine.
Case series: Using laryngeal mask airway to enhance the radiological evaluation and staging of cancers involving the larynx: A novel technique
Authors: Aljaafari Abdullah , Raad Haytham , Munar Aysegul , Hasan Ali H. , Sabra Omar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis and staging of head and neck tumors requires proper clinical, endoscopic, and radiological evaluation. Currently, imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are used for head and neck tumors but are limited in showing involvement of different hypopharyngeal sub‐compartments. Several maneuvers have been developed to improve visualization of the head and neck area; however, they demonstrated minimal benefit. In this case series, patients with tumors involving the hypopharynx are studied. A laryngeal mask airway was used to stent the hypopharynx to assess the extent of the disease by creating real space between mucosal surfaces. This case series aims to describe the impact of using laryngeal mask airway on the evaluation of cancers involving the hypopharynx.
$$L^2$$ Estimates for a Nikodym Maximal Function Associated to Space Curves
Authors: Govindan Sheri Aswin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFor $$p \in [2,\infty )$$

p
∈
[
2
,
∞
)

, we consider the $$L^p \rightarrow L^p$$

L
p

→

L
p

boundedness of a Nikodym maximal function associated to a one-parameter family of tubes in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d+1}$$

R

d
+
1

whose directions are determined by a non-degenerate curve $$\gamma $$
γ
in $${\mathbb {R}}^d$$

R

d

. These operators arise in the analysis of maximal averages over space curves. The main theorem generalises the known results for $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

and $$d = 3$$

d
=
3

to general dimensions. The key ingredient is an induction scheme motivated by recent work of Ko-Lee-Oh.
Living with the Sharks: A Multi-Methods Study Analyzing Human-Wildlife Conflicts as a Step Towards Coexistence (Réunion)
Authors: Pinel Romain , Denayer Dorothée , Bambridge Tamatoa 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOn the island of Réunion, a French overseas department located in the western Indian Ocean, a prefectorial decree taken by the authorities on July 26, 2013 has been reconducted for the past 10 years to forbid swimming and water-based activities, apart from the conditions set out in the injunction. This decision was the outcome of increased shark sightings and incidents causing, in particular, the deaths of 5 ocean users between 2011 and 2013. As a preliminary attempt to address the lack of empirical research on ocean users' social representations and their relationship to non-humans, this paper aims to primarily analyze thoroughly the issues of the acceptance of shark risk mitigation options. Data were gathered through a qualitative study that mobilized several ethnographic tools such as face-to-face semi-structured interviews, participant and non-participant observation as well as social media data survey. Results indicate that the many tensions generated by shark-human interactions (SHIs) on the island of Réunion are related to a lack of public consultation, thus calling the acceptance of the shark management strategy and the scientific recommendations into question. The findings may improve shark-human interactions management as we consider the management of risk as a process to develop a well-balanced way of living with the sharks where residual risk remains. This study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the management of human-wildlife conflicts (HWCs) while the results tend to confirm the findings of many other studies showing that they are often rooted in human-human conflicts.
Critical Needs for Integrated Surveillance: Wastewater-Based and Clinical Epidemiology in Evolving Scenarios with Lessons Learned from SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Carducci Annalaura , Federigi Ileana , Lauretani Giulia , Muzio Sara , Pagani Alessandra , Atomsa Nebiyu Tariku , Verani Marco 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) and clinical surveillance have been used as tools for analyzing the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the community, but both approaches can be strongly influenced by some sources of variability. From the challenging perspective of integrating environmental and clinical data, we performed a correlation analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in raw sewage and incident COVID-19 cases in areas served by medium-size wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) from 2021 to 2023. To this aim, both datasets were adjusted for several sources of variability: WBE data were adjusted for factors including the analytical protocol, sewage flow, and population size, while clinical data adjustments considered the demographic composition of the served population. Then, we addressed the impact on the correlation of differences among sewerage networks and variations in the frequency and type of swab tests due to changes in political and regulatory scenarios. Wastewater and clinical data were significantly correlated when restrictive containment measures and limited movements were in effect (ρ = 0.50) and when COVID-19 cases were confirmed exclusively through molecular testing (ρ = 0.49). Moreover, a positive (although weak) correlation arose for WWTPs located in densely populated areas (ρ = 0.37) and with shorter sewerage lengths (ρ = 0.28). This study provides methodological approaches for interpreting WBE and clinical surveillance data, which could also be useful for other infections. Data adjustments and evaluation of possible sources of bias need to be carefully considered from the perspective of integrated environmental and clinical surveillance of infections.
(K)ein Fall von Schutzbedürftigkeit? Fallkonstitution im Erwachsenenschutz
Authors: Koch Martina , Rüegger Cornelia , Rotzetter Fabienne , Bloch-Chakkalakkal Philomina 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIn einer qualitativen Studie zur „Problemarbeit“ im Schweizer Erwachsenenschutz werden Fälle analysiert, bei denen Menschen über 65 Jahren von einer Organisation der Altersarbeit bei der Erwachsenenschutzbehörde als „gefährdet“ gemeldet werden. Es interessieren dabei die Prozesse, Praktiken und Spannungsfelder der (Nicht‑)Herstellung einer „Schutzbedürftigkeit“.