bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of variable concentrations of inhaled nitric oxide and oxygen on the lungs of newborn piglets
Authors: Levine Carolyn Robbins , Kazzaz Jeffrey A. , Koo Hsi‐Chi , Chester Darrin , Merritt T. Allen , Matalon Sadis , Pollack Simcha , Davis Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that inhalation of high concentrations of nitric oxide (iNO) and oxygen for 48 hr causes significant lung injury in newborn piglets. To determine if these effects persist at lower concentrations, groups of newborn piglets were mechanically ventilated for 48 hr with (study 1) constant O2 (90–100%) and decreasing iNO (100–2 ppm) or (study 2) constant iNO (50 ppm) and decreasing O2 (95–30%). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was assayed for surfactant function, and markers of lung inflammation and physiologic parameters were monitored.Neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA), % neutrophils, and total protein (TP) concentrations decreased significantly in BAL fluid of study 1 piglets as iNO was reduced and inhaled oxygen fraction remained constant, indicating less pulmonary injury at low iNO levels. Low‐dose iNO (2 ppm) did not have antiinflammatory effects. However, surfactant function was minimally affected by lowering iNO, and was abnormal in all groups. In contrast, in study 2, pulmonary inflammation and injury were lower when O2 was decreased to 70% or less, with iNO constant at 50 ppm. Surfactant function normalized and oxygenation improved in study 2 piglets when the inhaled oxygen fraction was decreased and iNO remained constant.These data suggest that iNO‐ and O2‐induced lung injury may be minimized by weaning O2 or iNO, although better physiologic function may be obtained when iNO concentrations are constant and O2 is reduced. This has important implications in the clinical management of critically ill newborns treated with O2 and iNO for pulmonary disorders. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:58–65. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pulmonary lipoblastoma in an 18‐month‐old child: A unique tumor in children
Authors: Kanu Ada , Oermann Christopher M. , Malicki Denise , Wagner Milton , Langston Claire 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLipoblastoma, a rare benign tumor of adipose tissue, typically occurs in the superficial or deep layers of soft tissue on the trunk or extremities. Other sites of occurrence include the head, neck, and retroperitoneum. Lipoblastoma of the chest wall and parietal pleural have been reported, but occurrence within the lung has not been previously described. We report a case of pulmonary lipoblastoma in a young child presenting with complete opacification of the left hemithorax and mediastinal shift on chest radiograph. A lobectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was made by histological examination. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:150–154. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome in adulthood of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness in childhood: A longitudinal population study
Authors: Rasmussen Finn , Taylor D. Robin , Flannery Erin M. , Cowan Jan O. , Greene Justina M. , Herbison G. Peter , Sears Malcolm R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe clinical outcome of asymptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) first detected in childhood is sparsely reported, with conflicting results. We used a birth cohort of 1,037 children followed to age 26 years to assess the clinical outcome of asymptomatic AHR to methacholine first documented in study members at age 9 years.Of 547 study members who denied wheezing symptoms ever at age 9 years, 41 (7.5%) showed AHR. Forty showed methacholine responsiveness, with a provocation concentration of methacholine that elicted a 20% drop in forced expired volume in 1 sec (PC20) ≤ 8 mg/mL, and one had baseline airway obstruction with a bronchodilator response exceeding 10%. Of these 41 study members, 18 (44%), 11 (27%), and 4 (10%) maintained AHR in 1, 2, and 3 later assessments, respectively, while 23 (56%) manifested AHR only at age 9. Compared with asymptomatic study members without AHR, those with asymptomatic AHR at age 9 years were more likely to report asthma and wheeze at any subsequent assessment, were more likely to have high IgE levels and eosinophils at ages 11 and 21, and more often demonstrated positive responses to skin allergen testing at ages 13 and 21 years. Persistent AHR at later assessments increased these likelihoods further.In conclusion, asymptomatic children with AHR are more likely to develop asthma and atopy later in life compared with asymptomatic children without AHR. Persistent AHR, even though initially asymptomatic, was associated with an even greater increased risk of development of asthma. We suggest that rather than considering AHR as a marker of asthma, it should be regarded as a parallel pathological process that may lead to subsequent symptoms and clinical evidence of asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:164–171. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Series of laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia, and bronchomalacia disorders and their associations with other conditions in children
Authors: Masters I.B. , Chang A.B. , Patterson L. , Wainwright C. , Buntain H. , Dean B.W. , Francis P.W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLaryngomalacia, bronchomalacia, and tracheomalacia are commonly seen in pediatric respiratory medicine, yet their patterns and associations with other conditions are not well‐understood. We prospectively video‐recorded bronchoscopic data and clinical information from referred patients over a 10‐year period and defined aspects of interrelationships and associations.Two hundred and ninety‐nine cases of malacia disorders (34%) were observed in 885 bronchoscopic procedures. Cough, wheeze, stridor, and radiological changes were the most common symptoms and signs. The lesions were most often found in males (2:1) and on the left side (1.6:1). Concomitant malacia lesions ranged from 24% for laryngotracheobronchomalacia to 47% for tracheobronchomalacia. The lesions were found in association with other disorders such as congenital heart disorders (13.7%), tracheo‐esophageal fistula (9.6%), and various syndromes (8%).Even though the understanding of these disorders is in its infancy, pediatricians should maintain a level of awareness for malacia lesions and consider the possibility of multiple lesions being present, even when one symptom predominates or occurs alone. Pediatr Pulmonol. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2002; 34:189–195. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resveratrol induces apoptosis in LNCaP cells and requires hydroxyl groups to decrease viability in LNCaP and DU 145 cells
Authors: Morris Gary Z. , Williams Roy L. , Elliott Mark S. , Beebe Stephen J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was conducted to determine the effects of resveratrol on prostate cancer cell viability through apoptosis induction and the significance of the three hydroxyl groups on resveratrol to the measured effect.METHODSHormone‐sensitive LNCaP cells and hormone‐insensitive DU 145 cells were treated with resveratrol, tri‐methoxy‐resveratrol, or diethylstilbestrol (DES; the positive control for toxicity and apoptosis). Cell viability was determined by using an MTS assay. Apoptosis was determined by the appearance of apoptotic morphology, annexin V‐FITC–positive intact cells, and caspase activation.RESULTSResveratrol and DES decreased viability in LNCaP cells, but only resveratrol‐treated cells expressed apoptotic morphology, annexin V‐FITC–positive cells, and caspase activation. Tri‐methoxy‐resveratrol had no effect on DU 145 cell‐viability and was less toxic to LNCaP cells than resveratrol.CONCLUSIONResveratrol was toxic to cells regardless of whether the cells were hormone‐responsive or ‐unresponsive. This finding suggests that the cell's hormone responsive status is not an important determinant of the response to resveratrol. Furthermore, the hydroxyl‐groups on resveratrol are required for cell toxicity. Finally resveratrol but not DES induced caspase‐mediated apoptosis. Prostate 52: 319–329, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Completion and refinement of 3‐D homology models with restricted molecular dynamics: Application to targets 47, 58, and 111 in the CASP modeling competition and posterior analysis
Authors: Flohil J.A. , Vriend G. , Berendsen H.J.C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method is presented to refine models built by homology by the use of restricted molecular dynamics (MD) techniques. The basic idea behind this method is the use of structure validation software to determine for each residue the likelihood that it is modeled correctly. This information is used to determine constraints and restraints in an MD simulation including explicit solvent molecules, which is used for model refinement. The procedure is based on the idea that residues that the validation software identifies as correctly positioned should be strongly constrained or restrained in the MD simulations, whereas residues that are likely to be positioned wrongly should move freely. Two different protocols are compared: one (applied to CASP3 target T58) using full structural constraints with separate optimization of each short fragment and the other (applied to T47) allowing some freedom using harmonic restraining potentials, with automatic optimization of the whole molecule. Structures along the MD trajectory that scored best in structural checks were selected for the construction of models that appeared to be successful in the CASP3 competition. Model refinement with MD in general leads to a model that is less like the experimental structure (Levitt et al. Nature Struct Biol 1999;6:108–111). Actually, refined T47 was slightly improved compared to the starting model; changes in model T58 led not to further enhancement. After the X‐ray structure of the modeled proteins became known, the procedure was evaluated for two targets (T47 and the CASP4 target T111) by comparing a long simulation in water with the experimental target structures. It was found that structural improvements could be obtained on a nanosecond time scale by allowing appropriate freedom in the simulation. Structural checks applied to fast fluctuations do not appear to be informative for the correctness of the structure. However, both a simple hydrogen bond count and a simple compactness measure, if averaged over times of typically 300 ps, correlate well with structural correctness and we suggest that criteria based on these properties may be used in computational folding strategies. Proteins 2002;48:593–604. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MIAX: A new paradigm for modeling biomacromolecular interactions and complex formation in condensed phases
Authors: Del Carpio‐Muñoz Carlos Adriel , Ichiishi Eiichiro , Yoshimori Atsushi , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA new paradigm is proposed for modeling biomacromolecular interactions and complex formation in solution (protein–protein interactions so far in this report) that constitutes the scaffold of the automatic system MIAX (acronym for Macromolecular Interaction Assessment X). It combines in a rational way a series of computational methodologies, the goal being the prediction of the most native‐like protein complex that may be formed when two isolated (unbound) protein monomers interact in a liquid environment. The overall strategy consists of first inferring putative precomplex structures by identification of binding sites or epitopes on the proteins surfaces and a simultaneous rigid‐body docking process using geometric instances alone. Precomplex configurations are defined here as all those decoys the interfaces of which comply substantially with the inferred binding sites and whose free energy values are lower. Retaining all those precomplex configurations with low energies leads to a reasonable number of decoys for which a flexible treatment is amenable. A novel algorithm is introduced here for automatically inferring binding sites in proteins given their 3‐D structure. The procedure combines an unsupervised learning algorithm based on the self‐organizing map or Kohonen network with a 2‐D Fourier spectral analysis. To model interaction, the potential function proposed here plays a central role in the system and is constituted by empirical terms expressing well‐characterized factors influencing biomacromolecular interaction processes, essentially electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic. Each of these procedures is validated by comparing results with observed instances. Finally, the more demanding process of flexible docking is performed in MIAX embedding the potential function in a simulated annealing optimization procedure. Whereas search of the entire configuration hyperspace is a major factor precluding hitherto systems from efficiently modeling macromolecular interaction modes and complex structures, the paradigm presented here may constitute a step forward in the field because it is shown that a rational treatment of the information available from the 3‐D structure of the interacting monomers combined with conveniently selected computational techniques can assist to elude search of regions of low probability in configuration space and indeed lead to a highly efficient system oriented to solve this intriguing and fundamental biologic problem. Proteins 2002;48:696–732. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of sequence and structure alignments for protein domains
Authors: Marchler‐Bauer Aron , Panchenko Anna R. , Ariel Naomi , Bryant Stephen H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractProfile search methods based on protein domain alignments have proven to be useful tools in comparative sequence analysis. Domain alignments used by currently available search methods have been computed by sequence comparison. With the growth of the protein structure database, however, alignments of many domain pairs have also been computed by structure comparison. Here, we examine the extent to which information from these two sources agrees. We measure agreement with respect to identification of homologous regions in each protein, that is, with respect to the location of domain boundaries. We also measure agreement with respect to identification of homologous residue sites by comparing alignments and assessing the accuracy of the molecular models they predict. We find that domain alignments in publicly available collections based on sequence and structure comparison are largely consistent. However, the homologous regions identified by sequence comparison are often shorter than those identified by 3D structure comparison. In addition, when overall sequence similarity is low alignments from sequence comparison produce less accurate molecular models, suggesting that they less accurately identify homologous sites. These observations suggest that structure comparison results might be used to improve the overall accuracy of domain alignment collections and the performance of profile search methods based on them. Proteins 2002;48:439–446. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibitory effects of Keishi‐bukuryo‐gan on free radical induced lysis of rat red blood cells
Authors: Sekiya Nobuyasu , Goto Hirozo , Shimada Yutaka , Terasawa Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractKeishi‐bukuryo‐gan (KBG) prevents the progression of atherosclerosis in cholesterol‐fed rabbits by its antioxidative effect. The present study was to test our hypothesis that ingestion of KBG would protect red blood cell (RBC) membranes from free radical induced oxidation if polyphenolic antioxidants in KBG could be absorbed and circulated in the blood. When incubated with a RBC suspension, KBG and four of five herb medicines constituting KBG provided strong protection for RBC membranes against haemolysis induced by 2,2‐azo‐bis (2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), an azo free radical initiator. The inhibitory effect was dose dependent at concentrations of 100–1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, the ingestion of 200 mg of KBG was associated with a significant decrease in susceptibility of RBC to haemolysis in rats. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Packaging information needed for evaluation in the supply chain: the case of the Swedish grocery retail industry
Authors: Saghir Mazen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe proper use and exchange of the right packaging‐related information in a grocery supply chain is critical to achieve an efficient and responsive packaging logistics system. The use of well‐defined packaging‐related information that is available for all actors in the supply chain also facilitates an integrated and supply chain‐orientated packaging development. The objective of this paper is to describe and identify the packaging‐related information used in the grocery retail industry. The paper also describes and analyses how the information is used in the supply chain, with focus on the packaging evaluation process. Case and field studies involving six companies from the Swedish grocery industry were conducted to identify the parameters used and shared among them. The paper discusses what kind of information is required to properly evaluate a packaging concept, what parameters are missing and how the information should be used in the supply chain. Finally, the paper suggests a procedure for packaging logistics performance with required parameters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy protection, health care and quality control
Authors: Bruppacher Rudolf 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the past three decades, patient rights on the one hand, and health care and research activities in health services on the other hand, have experienced unprecedented development. Requirements of privacy protection, particularly the restrictions on ‘secondary analysis’ of health data, have become a problem in an increasingly complex health care environment and have become a hindrance to research. Legal regulations have developed differently in different countries. Recent attempts, such as the European Community directive on privacy protection promise effective harmonization, at least for developed countries. However, many questions regarding their interpretation remain and they are discussed in this article. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing stateful resource attacks using modeling and simulation
Authors: Gregg Donna , Blackert William , Heinbuch David , Furnanage Donna , Kouskoulas Yanni 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDenial of Service (DoS) attacks come in a variety of types and can target groups of users, individual users or entire computer systems. With the ever‐increasing reliance on networked information systems for command and control of military systems—not to mention communications infrastructures—relatively simple attacks that degrade or deny service can have devastating effects. We have modeled and validated a variety of DoS attacks and have executed these models against a validated target network model, whose architecture and stochastic behavior is varied for analysis purposes. We have conducted a systems analysis using these models and have characterized attack effects. This paper describes the analysis of two attacks, each of which consumes resources at a server. Output from our model includes the probability of denied service and service time under attack and no attack conditions. Our objective is to identify attack classes and characterize attack behavior within a class, so that the behavior of new attacks falling within a class can be anticipated and defended against. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Singlet‐singlet annihilation in ultraviolet matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization studied by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Lüdemann Hans‐Christian , Redmond Robert W. , Hillenkamp Franz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLaser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy was carried out on microcrystalline samples of three typical matrices under conditions of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The emitted fluorescence intensity was determined as a function of incident laser fluence and a sublinear increase of the fluorescence intensity with laser fluence was found. A very good fit was obtained when the experimental fluorescence vs. fluence data were compared with a numerical model assuming that under typical MALDI fluence conditions a large fraction of molecules in the excited singlet state undergoes singlet‐singlet annihilation. Throughout the fluence range relevant for MALDI, however, the experimental data could not be fit well to a model assuming resonant two‐photon absorption as the process depopulating the singlet state. In a separate set of experiments, the singlet lifetimes of several typical crystalline MALDI matrices were determined and found to be considerably shorter than previously reported. While both singlet‐singlet annihilation and resonant two‐photon absorption have been discussed in the literature as candidates for pathways to primary matrix ion generation in MALDI, the data presented here suggest that singlet‐singlet annihilation is the dominant mechanism for depopulating the singlet state in a matrix crystal excited at typical MALDI fluences. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample preparation in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of whole bacterial cells and the detection of high mass (>20 kDa) proteins
Authors: Vaidyanathan Seetharaman , Winder Catherine L. , Wade Steve C. , Kell Douglas B. , Goodacre Royston 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree sample preparation strategies commonly employed in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) of whole bacterial cells were investigated for the detection of high mass signals; these included the dried droplet, the seed‐layer/two‐layer, and the bottom‐layer methods. Different sample preparation approaches favoured the detection of high‐ or low‐mass proteins. The low‐mass peaks were best detected using the bottom‐layer method. By contrast, the dried droplet method using a solvent with higher water content, and hence effecting a slower crystallization process, gave the best results for the detection of high‐mass signals. Signals up to m/z 158 000 could be detected with this methodology for Bacillus sphaericus. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis of the same extracts used for MALDI‐TOFMS showed bands in the molecular weight range in which high‐mass peaks were observed in MALDI‐MS, suggesting that the high‐mass signals are not polymeric adducts of low‐mass protein monomers. In addition, one of the high molecular weight proteins (∼126 kDa) was putatively identified as an S‐layer protein by an in‐gel tryptic digest. The bacterial samples spotted on the target wells for MALDI‐TOFMS, using the different sample preparation strategies, were examined under a scanning electron microscope and differences were observed between the different strategies, suggesting that the nature of the crystals and the distribution of the analytes amidst the crystals could influence the spectral pattern observed in MALDI‐TOFMS of whole bacterial cells. Finally, evidence is presented to indicate that, although the determinands are intact cells, cell lysis occurs both before and during the MALDI process. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.