bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of different industrial effluents in Taiwan: A comparison of the sensitivity of Daphnia similis and Microtox®
Authors: Liu M. C. , Chen C.‐M. , Cheng H. Y. , Chen H. Y. , Su Y. C. , Hung T. Y. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIndustrial effluents are known to exhibit toxicity toward different aquatic organisms. In Taiwan management of these discharges still relies on chemical and physical characteristics of water, although various standard methods for assessing aquatic toxicity have been proposed by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. In this study we examined the toxicity and compared the sensitivity of different types of industrial effluents using two proposed toxicity tests: the Daphnia similis acute toxicity test and the Microtox® acute assay (Vibrio fischeri). Results showed that electroplating effluents were the most toxic of all the effluents tested, followed by acrylonitrile manufacturing, pulp/paper, and tannery effluents. The EC50 of an electroplating effluent for D. similis and V. fischeri (15 min) was as low as, respectively, 2.9% and 3.9% of the whole effluent. The other effluents were not acutely toxic to either organism tested. However, the tests exhibited different sensitivity toward various discharges. Only the electroplating and acrylonitrile manufacturing effluents had effects on both organisms. These results indicate the importance of the incorporation of aquatic toxicity tests into the management scheme for treated wastewaters. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 17: 93–97, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/tox.10036
Mutation of the homologue of GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylase alters cell wall structure, protein glycosylation and secretion in Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Agaphonov Michael O. , Packeiser Anna N. , Chechenova Maria B. , Choi Eui‐Sung , Ter‐Avanesyan Michael D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA Hansenula polymorpha mutant with enhanced ability to secrete a heterologous protein has been isolated. The mutation defines a gene, designated OPU24, which encodes a protein highly homologous to GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylase Psa1p/Srb1p/Vig9p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and CaSrb1p of Candida albicans. The opu24 mutant manifests phenotypes similar to those of S. cerevisiae mutants depleted for GDP‐mannose, such as cell wall fragility and defects in N‐ and O‐glycosylation of secreted proteins. The influence of the opu24 mutation on endoplasmic reticulum‐associated protein degradation is discussed. The GenBank Accession No. for the OPU24 sequence is AF234177. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint degeneration following meniscal allograft transplantation in a canine model: mechanical properties and semiquantitative histology of articular cartilage
Authors: Elliott Dawn M. , Jones Relief , Setton Lori A. , Scully Sean P. , Vail Parker T. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the hypothesis that meniscal allograft transplantation serves a “chondroprotective” role and prevents the histological and biomechanical changes of the articular cartilage following meniscectomy. Skeletally mature mongrel dogs underwent total medial meniscectomy and received either a fresh meniscal allograft (n=10) or no further treatment (n=10). Semiquantitative histology and biomechanical analysis of the femoral articular cartilage was used to assess cartilage pathology 12 weeks following surgery. Histological analysis showed significant changes in cartilage structure that did not differ between the meniscectomy and allograft transplantation groups. Similarly, the tensile modulus of the surface zone cartilage was significantly lower than that in unoperated controls following either meniscectomy or allograft transplantation. A significant correlation was observed between the biomechanical and histological changes, suggesting that degenerative changes in cartilage structure and mechanical function are interrelated. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that meniscal allograft transplantation provides chondroprotection of the femoral condyle and also suggest that it does not lead to increased degenerative changes.
Influence of Gases on Intraperitoneal Immunity during Laparoscopy in Tumor‐bearing Rats
Authors: Neuhaus Susan J. , Watson David I. , Ellis Tanya , Rofe Allan M. , Mathew George , Jamieson Glyn G. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Laparoscopy has been associated with metastases to abdominal wall wounds. In addition, many recent experimental studies suggest that laparoscopy is associated with increased tumor dissemination. It is possible that immune or metabolic disturbances due to the use of a pneumoperitoneum could contribute to this problem. To investigate this possibility, we studied the effect of two insufflation gases and gasless laparoscopy on in vivo peritoneal macrophage function and intraperitoneal pH in an experimental model. A carcinoma was implanted into the flank of 32 experimental rats that underwent laparoscopic surgery in one of four treatment groups: anesthesia alone, gasless laparoscopy, helium insufflation, and CO2 insufflation. Intraperitoneal pH was monitored during surgery, and peritoneal macrophage function was determined 3 days after surgery by harvesting peritoneal macrophages and then examining their ability to produce tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). CO2 insufflation was associated with a consistent fall in intraperitoneal pH and a significant reduction in TNFα production. These findings did not occur in the other study groups. The results of this study demonstrate that CO2 insufflation results in depressed intraperitoneal macrophage activity. It is possible that it is mediated by pH changes. In addition, it could be a contributing factor to the development of port‐site metastases. Further studies are needed to determine whether the factors identified act during clinical surgery.
Relation between Gastroduodenal Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex and Postoperative Gastrointestinal Symptoms before and after Cisapride Therapy following Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tomita Ryouichi , Tanjoh Katsuhisa , Fujisaki Shigeru , Fukuzawa Masahiro 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.A total of 30 patients (18 men, 12 women; 43–79 years, mean 58.9 years) 1.0 to 1.5 years (mean 1.25 years) after distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer (Billorth I, D2 lymph node dissection, curability A) were divided into two groups based on the occurrence of interdigestive migrating motor complex (IMMC) phase III (pIII) from the duodenum and their postoperative gastrointestinal symptoms. They were compared before and after cisapride therapy (at an oral dose of 7.5 mg/day for 3 months). Results were as follows. Before cisapride therapy: (1) Patients in the IMMC‐pIII‐positive group (n= 20) had more appetite and ate more food with less decrease in body weight than those in the IMMC‐pIII‐negative group (n= 10); (2) patients in the IMMC‐pIII‐positive group clearly had fewer symptoms, such as early dumping (systemic) symptoms, symptoms of reflux esophagitis (e.g., heartburn, feeling of regurgitation, difficult swallowing), nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension, and borborygmus, than the IMMC‐pIII‐negative group. After cisapride therapy: eight patients (80%) in the IMMC‐pIII‐negative group became IMMC‐pIII‐positive, and their appetite and food consumption were obviously improved; body weight increased in six patients (60%), with alleviation of other abdominal symptoms and disappearance of the early dumping syndrome. These results showed a more satisfactory condition in regard to gastrointestinal symptoms in the IMMC‐pIII‐positive group than in the IMMC‐pIII‐negative group. It is concluded that cisapride therapy results in the occurrence of IMMC‐pIII and subsequently alleviates various abdominal symptoms, contributing to the improved postoperative gastrointestinal condition of patients after gastrectomy.
Upper Airway Obstruction in Patients with Goiter Studied by Flow Volume Loops and Effect of Thyroidectomy
Authors: Krishan Thusoo Tej , Gupta Umesh , Kochhar Kapil , Singh Hira Harmanjit 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe patient with goiter and his or her physician frequently overlook symptoms of upper respiratory obstruction. Conventional radiology is the accepted method for detecting upper airway obstruction in these patients. Flow volume loops provide additional information on airflow dynamics. Twenty‐five patients of goiter undergoing surgery were evaluated for upper airway obstruction by symptomatology, conventional radiology, and flow volume loops. Flow volume loops were repeated 1 month after surgery. Ten (40%) patients had mild symptoms on direct questioning. Tracheal deviation, compression, or both were noted in eight (32%) patients on radiology. Flow volume loops detected upper airway obstruction in 15 (60%) patients. Surgery resulted in normalization of all preoperative abnormal curves. The flow volume loop is a simple noninvasive method for detecting upper airway obstruction in patients with goiter. Abnormal upper airway dynamics are present in more patients with goiter than previously recognized, and relief of this obstruction should be an important aspect of thyroid surgery.
Comparison of Coagulation Parameters for Healthy Subjects and Behçet Disease Patients with and without Vascular Involvement
Authors: Şengül Neriman , Demirer Seher , Yerdel M. Ali , Terzioğlu Gökay , Akin Bariş , Gürler Aysel , Tüzüner Altan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBehçet disease (BD) is an inflammatory illness that may attack several systems. Vascular involvement with thrombosis is one of the basic characteristics of this disease. The etiology of thrombosis tendency in BD has not been understood well. In this study, the role of primary coagulation parameters in patients with BD who have thromboembolic events was evaluated. In addition, the relation between the clinical activity of the disease and these parameters was compared. A total of 96 patients with a diagnosis of BD were studied at Ankara University, Medical School, Department of General Surgery and Behçet Center. BD patients were separated into two groups with respect to vascular involvement. Group A contained 22 patients with vascular attacks, and group B contained 74 patients without vascular attacks. In addition, 25 healthy persons comprised the control group (group C). The coagulation parameters assessed included protein C, protein S, antithrombin III activity, fibrinogen level, prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). There were no differences among the three groups with respect to protein C, protein S, fibrinogen, PT, and PTT values (p > 0.05). The antithrombin III value was found to be high in BD patients compared to those in the control group (p= 0.011). There was no difference regarding the antithrombin III value between BD patients with or without vascular attacks (p= 0.954). There was no correlation between the activity of disease and coagulation parameters (p > 0.05), but a positive correlation was seen between the duration of illness and vascular involvement. Fifty percent of patients who had had BD more than 8 years had vascular involvement (p= 0.002). We could not determine a specific pathology in relation to coagulation parameters that could explain the etiology of thrombosis in patients with BD. The elevated antithrombin III levels in patients with BD (compared to controls) may be due to a compensatory defense mechanism against increased procoagulant activity. There was a correlation between the duration of illness and vascular involvement.
Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma
Authors: Jaklitsch Michael T. , Grondin Sean C. , Sugarbaker David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor that predominantly afflicts men over 50 years of age. Nearly 3000 MPMs are reported annually in the United States with the incidence expected to rise into the new millenium. Over the past 40 years, MPM has been unequivocally linked to asbestos exposure worldwide. Recently, however, a new theory on the carcinogenesis of this tumor has been proposed with the isolation of a simian virus (SV 40)‐like gene sequence in mesothelioma tumor cells. The clinical presentation of MPM is variable, although most patients typically present with dyspnea, chest pain, or pleural effusion. Obtaining a diagnosis of MPM has been greatly assisted by video‐assisted surgery and the use of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic techniques, which help distinguish MPM from other tumor pathologies such as adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have been also useful for determining tumor burden and resectability. Traditionally, strategies for the treatment of MPM have included supportive care, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Survival with supportive care alone ranges between 4 and 12 months. Single‐modality therapy using traditional approaches (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) alone has failed to improve patient survival significantly. Recently, results using a multimodality approach have been favorable. In particular, cytoreductive surgery (pleuropneumonectomy) followed by sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy have demonstrated improved survival, especially for patients with epithelial histology, negative resection margins, and no metastases to extrapleural lymph nodes. Innovative therapies such as the use of photodynamic, targeted cytokines and gene therapy are currently being investigated for management of MPM.
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy of Intubated Patients with Life‐threatening Hemoptysis
Authors: Düpree Hans‐J. , Lewejohann Jan‐C. , Gleiss Joachim , Muhl Elke , Bruch Hans‐P. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.Bleeding in the tracheobronchial tree in intubated patients on an intensive care unit is a potentially life‐threatening incident. The antecedent state of disease and frequent respiratory failure require immediate and effective therapeutic measures to avoid further respiratory and cardiocirculatory depression. We present our bronchoscopic management of endobronchial bleeding. Cardiorespiratory function must be maintained by modification of the mechanical ventilation and drug therapy owing to the patient's condition. Seven consecutive patients with acute endobronchial bleeding were treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and instillation of cold epinephrine‐saline solution (1:10,000–100,000) during the period of July 1997 to December 1997. Control of bleeding was achieved after 1 to 20 (mean ± SEM: 5.86 ± 0.93) bronchoscopic interventions during a period of 0.5 hours to 10 days. One control bronchoscopy was performed additionally in every patient. Cardiocirculatory instability was observed in five patients. Six patients survived; one patient died of uncontrolled bleeding caused by severe pulmonary aspergillosis. Fiberoptic endobronchial epinephrine instillation is an effective therapy for life‐threatening hemoptysis in critically ill patients. Widespread use of flexible bronchoscopy makes this procedure immediately applicable in critical situations. Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients with life‐threatening hemoptysis especially benefit from this rapidly feasible procedure.
Total Pancreatectomy for Cancer of the Pancreas: Is It Appropriate?
Authors: Ihse Ingemar , Anderson Harald , Andrén‐Sandberg Åke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDuring the late 1960s total pancreatectomy was advocated on theoretic grounds as an operation superior to subtotal (Whipple) resection in patients with pancreatic cancer. There are, however, no prospective randomized studies and only few institutional comparisons between the two operations. The aim of the present paper was to report the clinical outcome of total and subtotal pancreatectomy, respectively, in a consecutive series of patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer. The short‐ and long‐term results of 89 consecutive patients who underwent total pancreatectomy (1959–1984) for pancreatic cancer were retrospectively compared with a similar group of 36 patients who had a subtotal pancreatectomy (1985–1992) for the same diagnosis. The clinical characteristics were on the whole similar in the two groups. Postoperative mortality and morbidity, the amount of intraoperative bleeding, operation time, reoperation rate, postoperative days in the intensive care unit, and duration of hospital stay were statistically significantly increased after total pancreatectomy. The 5‐year survival rate was lower after total pancreatectomy when hospital deaths were included in the analysis. At multivariate analysis total pancreatectomy adversely influenced long‐term survival compared to subtotal resection, as did positive lymph nodes and poor histologic differentiation. Better early and long‐term results were found after subtotal than after total pancreatectomy in patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer. Although the two operations were done during different time periods, we believe the results suggest that total pancreatectomy cannot be recommended as a routine treatment for this patient group.
Update on the Mechanisms of Immune Suppression of Injury and Immune Modulation
Authors: Faist E. , Schinkel C. , Zimmer S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMajor trauma results in massive impairment of immunologic reactivity, the clinical consequence of which consists in the high susceptibility of the traumatized individual toward serious infection. Whereas parts of the immune system are stimulated within a systemic, nondiscriminant, excessive whole‐body inflammation, other functions within the complex of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) are dramatically paralyzed. Immune abnormalities in the aftermath of trauma occur in a sequence of states of cellular activation and within a complex order of events that is not yet well understood. Traumatic stress is causing disintegration of the intact monocyte (Mφ)–T cell interaction, which is associated with profound changes in Mφ forward‐regulatory capacities and substantial depression of T cell function. Extensive tissue destruction results in the generation of numerous stimuli, such as phagocytosis, immune complexes, complement split products, and endo‐ and exotoxins, all of which contribute to excessive Mφ activation. Mφ then rapidly produce and release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a powerful endogenous immune suppressant. PGE2 is an inhibitor of T cell mitogenesis, interleukin 2 (IL‐2) production, and IL‐2 receptor expression; and it has a massive impact on the quality of B cell antibody synthesis. Most importantly, PGE2 represents an important cofactor for the induction of T‐helper lymphocyte (TH) activity toward the TH2 direction. TH2 cells are associated with the synthesis of immunosuppressive cytokines, such as IL‐4 and IL‐10. Although immunosuppressive substrates are inhibitory for TH1 cells—the functional carriers of CMI—they support TH2 activity, which predisposes the host to develop infection. The endogenous ability of the organism to survive overwhelming trauma is insufficient and requires major exogenous support. Immune modulatory interventions, depending on the immune abnormalities seen in the traumatized host, should be started as early as possible after trauma in a preventive fashion to protect against organ tissue destruction. Ideally, it should protect all cellular host defense compartments from hyperactivation as well as from exhaustion. We do believe that only a combination of drugs can effectively control the posttraumatic dyshomeostasis of the various cell systems.
Endovascular Technology and Its Impact on the Relationships among Vascular Surgeons, Interventional Radiologists, and Other Specialists
Authors: Veith Frank J. , Marin Michael L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEndovascular treatment methods that are largely catheter/guidewire‐based permit treatment of a variety of vascular lesions from remote access sites in a minimally invasive manner. Because these endovascular technologies have intrinsic appeal to patients and physicians, they may, if proved safe and effective, replace a substantial proportion of current vascular surgical procedures. This change will have a substantial impact on the specialties involved in their development and use, that is, vascular surgery and interventional radiology (which in this discussion includes other interventional specialists devoted to peripheral vascular disease management). The relationship between these previously distinct specialties must also be influenced greatly by the introduction of endovascular technologies, the use of which requires skills that overlap the specialties. This paper considers several possible approaches for dealing with the altered interspecialty relationships that will result if new endovascular treatment methods prove to be safe and effective. Because the development and use of these endovascular technologies require the skills and talents of vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists (or other interventionalists), a collaborative, multispecialty approach to the use of endovascular technologies is recommended as the most reasonable and optimal for patient care. Although this approach may not be applicable for every environment, it is the one most likely to minimize costs and turf battles, particularly if interspecialty conflict can be minimized by collaboration and compromises developed by a conjoint executive committee representing the leadership of the involved specialty societies.
Mortality following Lower Limb Ischemia‐Reperfusion: A Systemic Inflammatory Response?
Authors: Yassin Magdi M.I. , Barros D’Sa Aires A.B. , Parks George , Abdulkadir Aminu S. , Halliday Isla , Rowlands Brian J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRestoration of blood flow to an acutely ischemic lower limb may paradoxically result in systemic complications and unexpected mortality. It has been suggested that lower limb ischemia reperfusion alters gut permeability. In this study, using a rat model, we determined the effect of acute lower limb ischemia‐reperfusion on mortality rate, bowel morphology, and circulating concentrations of endotoxin and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6. Survival rate was compared in two groups of adult Wistar rats: (1) control group (n= 10); and (2) animals subjected to 3 hours of bilateral hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion (n= 10). Both groups were observed under standard conditions for 4 days. In a second experiment three groups of animals were studied: (I) control (n= 12); (II) 3 hours of bilateral hind limb ischemia alone (n= 12); and (III) 3 hours of bilateral hind limb ischemia followed by 2 hours of reperfusion (n= 12). Animals subjected to bilateral hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion had a significantly higher mortality rate (70%) than controls (0%) (p< 0.005). Morphometric assessment of the small bowel showed a significant decrease in mean mucosal thickness in the ischemia‐reperfusion group compared with that in the group of controls and the ischemia‐alone group (p< 0.05). Bilateral hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion was associated with significantly increased plasma concentrations of endotoxin (p< 0.05) and interleukin‐6 (p< 0.0001) compared with that of controls and ischemia alone. These results indicate that reperfusion of the acutely ischemic lower limb is accompanied by structural changes in the gut mucosa associated with increased systemic endotoxin concentrations and cytokine activation. Mortality following reperfusion of the acutely ischemic limb may be related to a systemic inflammatory response triggered by endotoxin of gut origin.