bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging new opportunities and advances in high‐pressure homogenization to design non‐dairy foods
Authors: Sherman Irene Mary , Mounika Addanki , Srikanth Davanam , Shanmugam Akalya , Ashokkumar Muthupandian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrahigh‐pressure homogenization (UHPH) are emerging food processing techniques for stabilizing emulsions and food components under the pressure range from 60 to 400 MPa. Apart from this, they also support increasing nutritional profile, food preservation, and functionality enhancement. Even though the food undergoes the shortest processing operation, the treatment leads to modification of physical, chemical, and techno‐functional properties, in addition to the formation of micro‐sized particles. This study focuses on recent advances in using HPH/UHPH on plant‐based milk sources such as soybeans, almonds, hazelnuts, and peanuts. Overall, this systematic review provides an in‐depth analysis of the principles of HPH/UHPH, the mechanism of action, and their applications in other nondairy areas such as fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, and marine species. This work also deciphers the role of HPH/UHPH in modifying food components, their functional quality enhancement, and their provision of oxidative resistance to many foods. HPH is not only perceived as a technique for size reduction and homogenization; however, it does various functions like microbial inactivation, improvement of rheologies like texture and consistency, decreasing of lipid oxidation, and making positive modifications to proteins such as changes to the secondary structure and tertiary structure thereby enhancing the emulsifying properties, hydrophobicity of proteins, and other associated functional properties in many nondairy sources at pressures of 100–300 MPa. Thus, HPH is an emerging technique with a high throughput and commercialization value in food industries.
Vicarious defeat stress induces increased alcohol consumption in female mice: Role of neurokinin‐1 receptor and interleukin‐6
Authors: Decker Ramirez Ellie B. , Arnold Miranda E. , Schank Jesse R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere is a high frequency of comorbidity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depression in human populations. We have studied this relationship in our lab using the social defeat stress (SDS) model, which results in both depression‐like behaviours and increased alcohol consumption in male mice. However, standard SDS procedures are difficult to use in female mice due to a lack of territorial aggression. In the experiments presented here, we used vicarious defeat stress (VDS) to assess social withdrawal and alcohol consumption in female C57BL6/J mice. We also assessed the expression of interleukin‐6 (IL6), which is a proinflammatory cytokine that is associated with depression in humans and sensitivity to SDS in mice. In these experiments, C57BL/6 female mice underwent 10 days of VDS where they witnessed the physical defeat of a male conspecific by an aggressive CD1 mouse. After the end of VDS, mice were either given access to alcohol or sacrificed for the measurement of IL6 expression. We found that VDS increased alcohol consumption and IL6 expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Given that the neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R) can mediate both stress‐induced alcohol consumption and IL6 expression, we tested the ability of NK1R antagonism to reduce VDS‐induced alcohol consumption and found that this treatment reduced alcohol intake in both VDS‐exposed mice and in unstressed controls. The observed increase in alcohol consumption suggests that VDS is a model that can be utilized to study stress‐induced alcohol consumption in female mice, and that this is sensitive to NK1R antagonism.
El marco de razonamiento clínico de Bobath: Un modelo de ciencia de sistemas para abordar la complejidad de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo incluida la parálisis cerebral
Authors: Mayston Margaret J. , Saloojee Gillian M. , Foley Sarah E. 
Published: December 2023

ResumenLa actual práctica de desarrollo Bobath recomendada dentro del Marco de Razonamiento Clínico Bobath (BCRF) puede conceptualizarse utilizando la visión de la ciencia de los sistemas. Proporciona, así, una perspectiva holística de la interrelación e interconexión de las variables asociadas con la discapacidad aparecida durante la infancia. El BCRF se define como un marco exhaustivo de razonamiento clínico que puede aplicarse para ayudar a comprender las relaciones entre los dominios de la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud, cómo se puede influir en esos dominios y cómo influyen entre sí. El BCRF es un sistema de observación transdisciplinario y de razonamiento práctico que da lugar a un plan de intervención. Esto proporciona una comprensión holística de la complexidad de las situaciones asociadas a trastornos como la parálisis cerebral (PC) y la base para la gestión y habilitación a lo largo de la vida de personas que viven con trastornos neurológicos. El razonamiento clínico utilizado por el BCRF se basa en los importantes factores contextuales del individuo y su entorno social, principalmente la unidad familiar. Se basa en la comprensión de las interrelaciones entre el desarrollo típico y atípico, la fisiopatología (sensoriomotora, cognitiva, conductual) y la neurociencia, así como el impacto de funciones y estructuras corporales sobre la actividad y la participación. El modelo de ciencia de sistemas del BCRF es una forma útil de comprender y responder a la complejidad de la parálisis cerebral, con el objetivo global de optimizar la experiencia vivida de todo individuo en cualquier contexto.
Climatic effects on soil phosphorus pools and availability in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mutwale Nkumbu M. , Jorge Felicidade , Chabala Lydia Mumbi , Shepande Chizumba , Chishala Benson H. , Cambule Armindo , Nhantumbo Alfredo , Matangue Mario , Braun Melanie , Sandhage‐Hofmann Alexandra , Amelung Wulf 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is a key limiting nutrient in tropical and subtropical soils but with unknown responses to climate change. We hypothesized that storage and distribution of P pools differ between reference soil groups, but P availability increases with an increase in precipitation in native sub‐Saharan Africa, an underrepresented region in the global P database. To test these hypotheses, we sampled topsoils (0–10 cm; Arenosols, Lixisols, Acrisols) of uncultivated Savannah woodlands along climate gradients stretching from Mozambique to Zambia. Mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranged from 365 to 1227 mm. We extracted P fractions using Hedley's sequential fractionation, yielding resin‐exchangeable P, P in 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 1 M HCl and aqua regia. Extracts were analysed for total P using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy and inorganic P using the colorimetric molybdenum blue method. We found that total P contents were highest in Acrisols (235 ± 76 mg kg−1), followed by Lixisols (214 ± 45 mg kg−1) and Arenosols (133 ± 74 mg kg−1). Beside P storage, also P distribution differed between soils. Mean annual temperature (MAT) did not reveal significant correlations with P fractions. However, with increasing MAP, concentrations of almost all P pools increased; available Pi (Resin‐P) increased significantly in Arenosols while potentially bioavailable P (NaHCO3‐Po) increased in all soils, with MAP explaining 43% of data variability in Arenosols, 74% in Lixisols and 85% in Acrisols. Hence, P availability increased with an increase in MAP to different degrees, that is, climatic effects on P dynamics were soil‐group‐specific. Therefore, different regions in the native sub‐Saharan woodlands are likely prone to different soil fertility responses when climate changes.
Effects of pathogen reproduction system on the evolutionary and epidemiological control provided by deployment strategies for two major resistance genes in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Zaffaroni Marta , Rimbaud Loup , Rey Jean‐François , Papaïx Julien , Fabre Frédéric 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResistant cultivars are of value for protecting crops from disease, but can be rapidly overcome by pathogens. Several strategies have been proposed to delay pathogen adaptation (evolutionary control), while maintaining effective protection (epidemiological control). Resistance genes can be (i) combined in the same cultivar (pyramiding), (ii) deployed in different cultivars sown in the same field (mixtures) or in different fields (mosaics), or (iii) alternated over time (rotations). The outcomes of these strategies have been investigated principally in pathogens displaying pure clonal reproduction, but many pathogens have at least one sexual event in their annual life cycles. Sexual reproduction may promote the emergence of superpathogens adapted to all the resistance genes deployed. Here, we improved the spatially explicit stochastic model landsepi to include pathogen sexual reproduction, and we used the improved model to investigate the effect of sexual reproduction on evolutionary and epidemiological outcomes across deployment strategies for two major resistance genes. Sexual reproduction favours the establishment of a superpathogen when single mutant pathogens are present together at a sufficiently high frequency, as in mosaic and mixture strategies. However, sexual reproduction did not affect the strategy recommendations for a wide range of mutation probabilities, associated fitness costs, and landscape organisations.
A multi‐scale feature fusion convolutional neural network for facial expression recognition
Authors: Zhang Xiufeng , Fu Xingkui , Qi Guobin , Zhang Ning 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper designs a new facial Expression recognition network called a multi‐scale feature Fusion Convolutional neural Network (EFCN). This network is proposed to solve two problems in the facial expression recognition task. First, there are many commonalities between faces of different expression categories, and the recognition task cannot be precisely performed when the commonality is greater than the individuality. Secondly, facial detail features have a significant impact on the final results of expression recognition, while the image detail features extracted by traditional convolutional neural networks are not sufficient. In order to address the above issues, the feature enhancement network (FEN) and the detail information enhancement module (DEM) are designed. The FEN fuses deep and shallow features. Accordingly, the feature map contains richer information, making it easy to identify the samples. The DEM extracts and fuses the features passed by the backbone network with multi‐scale features to enhance the network's ability to extract features from small regions of the face. We validated the proposed method on three datasets, RAF‐DB, CK+, and JAFFE, and achieved 84.50%, 97.86%, and 91.05% accuracy, respectively, and the experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper. For example, on the JAFFE dataset, the recognition accuracy of this method surpasses the MLT method by 1.87%.
Protists regulate microbially mediated organic carbon turnover in soil aggregates
Authors: Liao Hao , Hao Xiuli , Li Yiting , Ma Silin , Gao Shenghan , Cai Peng , Chen Wenli , Huang Qiaoyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoil protists, the major predator of bacteria and fungi, shape the taxonomic and functional structure of soil microbiome via trophic regulation. However, how trophic interactions between protists and their prey influence microbially mediated soil organic carbon turnover remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the protistan communities and microbial trophic interactions across different aggregates‐size fractions in agricultural soil with long‐term fertilization regimes. Our results showed that aggregate sizes significantly influenced the protistan community and microbial hierarchical interactions. Bacterivores were the predominant protistan functional group and were more abundant in macroaggregates and silt + clay than in microaggregates, while omnivores showed an opposite distribution pattern. Furthermore, partial least square path modeling revealed positive impacts of omnivores on the C‐decomposition genes and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, while bacterivores displayed negative impacts. Microbial trophic interactions were intensive in macroaggregates and silt + clay but were restricted in microaggregates, as indicated by the intensity of protistan‐bacterial associations and network complexity and connectivity. Cercozoan taxa were consistently identified as the keystone species in SOM degradation‐related ecological clusters in macroaggregates and silt + clay, indicating the critical roles of protists in SOM degradation by regulating bacterial and fungal taxa. Chemical fertilization had a positive effect on soil C sequestration through suppressing SOM degradation‐related ecological clusters in macroaggregate and silt + clay. Conversely, the associations between the trophic interactions and SOM contents were decoupled in microaggregates, suggesting limited microbial contributions to SOM turnovers. Our study demonstrates the importance of protists‐driven trophic interactions on soil C cycling in agricultural ecosystems.
The impact of long‐distance commuting on salaries and employment in host regions in Chile
Authors: Carriel Viviana , Pérez‐Trujillo Manuel , Lufin Marcelo , Atienza Miguel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLong‐distance commuting (LDC) is an increasingly relevant strategy of labor mobility worldwide and is therefore key to understanding the structure and dynamics of labor markets. However, little is known about the effect that LDC has on the labor market equilibrium of host territories. This paper addresses this gap for the case of Chile. While LDC is a useful strategy for improving salary and employment on a national scale, our results show a negative effect for residents in host territories (on a local scale), particularly when LDC results in commuters with similar characteristics to residents competing for the same jobs.
Preparedness for the transition to medical registrar from senior house officer—What's the problem?
Authors: Shannon Eileen , Cantillon Peter 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionTransitions in clinical training are a hallmark in medical trainee's careers. The transition from senior house officer (SHO) to the role of medical registrar is often viewed as one of the most challenging, but to date, there is little research exploring why the transition is proving problematic for so many learners. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of trainees preparing to make this transition.MethodsUsing an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach, this qualitative study employed semi‐structured interviews to explore the lived experiences of transition in a purposive sample of trainees on the cusp of transition from SHO to registrar or who were in their first year of being a medical registrar. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an IPA approach.ResultsSix trainees participated in this study, four of whom were currently in SHO positions, with the remaining two in their first year of medical registrar. Two main themes emerged from data—perception of the medical registrar and barriers in transition. The role of the medical registrar was perceived to represent a strong leadership role, with barriers created due to increasing expectations, lack of support and uncertainties regarding the job.ConclusionThe role of the medical registrar is a challenging one, representing periods of uncertainty, increased expectations and reduced supports. Within this, there is potential to further support SHOs in transitioning to the role of medical registrar.
Definitions and measures of long COVID fatigue in adults: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Thomas Bethan , Pattinson Rachael , Edwards Deborah , Dale Carys , Jenkins Benjamin , Lande Helena , Bundy Christine , Davies Jennifer L. 
Published: December 2023

Objective:
The aim of this scoping review is to investigate how fatigue is defined and measured in adults with long COVID.

Introduction:
Following COVID-19 infection, 10% to 20% of individuals experience persisting symptoms for a minimum of 3 months; this is commonly known as long COVID. Fatigue is one of the most prevalent symptoms of long COVID, but there is currently no consistently applied definition of long COVID fatigue. To advance our understanding of long COVID fatigue, we must first identify the current definitions and measures being used to describe and mesure this condition.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider published and unpublished studies involving adults (≥18 years) that define and/or measure long COVID fatigue. Papers using quantitative or qualitative designs will be included. Conference abstracts, editorials, and opinion papers will be excluded.

Methods:
Published studies from January 2020 onwards will be searched for across MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Scopus, PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Epistemonikos, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Dimensions, Overton, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched for unpublished literature. Eligible records will be de-duplicated, and 2 independent reviewers will carry out title, abstract, and full-text screening. A data extraction tool will be pilot tested on a small number of papers, then modified as necessary, with any modifications detailed in the scoping review. Findings will be presented in tables and charts, supported by a narrative summary.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/hnf8z
Pharmacokinetics and cardiac safety of clofazimine in children with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Ali Ali Mohamed , P. Solans Belén , Hesseling Anneke C. , Winckler Jana , Schaaf H. Simon , Draper Heather R. , van der Laan Louvina , Hughes Jennifer , Fourie Barend , Nielsen James , Wiesner Lubbe , Garcia-Prats Anthony J. , Savic Radojka M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Clofazimine is recommended for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), but there is currently no verified dosing guideline for its use in children. There is only limited safety and no pharmacokinetic (PK) data available for children. We aimed to characterize clofazimine PK and its relationship with QT-interval prolongation in children. An observational cohort study of South African children <18 years old routinely treated for RR-TB with a clofazimine-containing regimen was analyzed. Clofazimine 100 mg gelatin capsules were given orally once daily (≥20 kg body weight), every second day (10 to <20 kg), or thrice weekly (<10 kg). PK sampling and electrocardiograms were completed pre-dose and at 1, 4, and 10 hours post-dose, and the population PK and Fridericia-corrected QT (QTcF) interval prolongation were characterized. Fifty-four children contributed both PK and QTcF data, with a median age (2.5th–97.5th centiles) of 3.3 (0.5–15.6) years; five children were living with HIV. Weekly area under the time-concentration curve at steady state was 79.1 (15.0–271) mg.h/L compared to an adult target of 60.9 (56.0–66.6) mg.h/L. Children living with HIV had four times higher clearance compared to those without. No child had a QTcF ≥500 ms. A linear concentration-QTcF relationship was found, with a drug effect of 0.05 (0.027, 0.075) ms/µg/L. In some of the first PK data in children, we found clofazimine exposure using an off-label dosing strategy was higher in children versus adults. Clofazimine concentrations were associated with an increase in QTcF, but severe prolongation was not observed. More data are required to inform dosing strategies in children.
FlhF affects the subcellular clustering of WspR through HsbR in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Guan Congcong , Huang Yi , Zhou Yun , Han Yuqian , Liu Shuhui , Liu Shimin , Kong Weina , Wang Tietao , Zhang Yani 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

In bacteria, the second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is synthesized and degraded by multiple diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases. A high level of c-di-GMP induces biofilm formation and represses motility. WspR, a hybrid response regulator DGC, produces c-di-GMP when it is phosphorylated. FlhF, a signal recognition particle-type GTPase, is initially localized to the cell poles and is indispensable for polar flagellar localization in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. In this study, we report that deletion of
flhF
affected biofilm formation and the c-di-GMP level in
P. aeruginosa
. Phenotypic analysis of a
flhF
knockout mutant revealed increased biofilm formation, wrinkled colonies on Congo red agar, and an elevated c-di-GMP level compared to the wild-type strain, PAO1. Yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems showed that FlhF binds to the response regulator HsbR, and HsbR binds to WspR. Deletion of
hsbR
or
wspR
in the Δ
flhF
background abolished the phenotype of Δ
flhF
. In addition, confocal microscopy demonstrated that WspR-GFP was distributed throughout the cytoplasm and formed a visible cluster at one cell pole in PAO1 and Δ
hsbR
, but it was mainly distributed as visible clusters at the lateral side of the periplasm and with visible clusters at both cell poles in Δ
flhF
. These findings suggest that FlhF influences the subcellular cluster and localization of WspR and negatively modulates WspR DGC activity in a manner dependent on HsbR. Together, our findings demonstrate a novel mechanism for FlhF modulating the lifestyle transition between motility and biofilm via HsbR to regulate the DGC activity of WspR.

IMPORTANCE

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that controls flagellum biosynthesis, adhesion, virulence, motility, exopolysaccharide production, and biofilm formation in bacteria. Recent research has shown that distinct diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) or phosphodiesterases (PDEs) produce highly specific outputs. Some DGCs and PDEs contribute to the total global c-di-GMP concentration, but others only affect local c-di-GMP in a microenvironment. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that FlhF affects the localization and DGC activity of WspR via HsbR and is implicated in local c-di-GMP signaling in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. This study establishes the link between the c-di-GMP signaling system and the flagellar localization and provides insight for understanding the complex regulatory network of c-di-GMP signaling.