bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of monoaminergic systems in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, following brain extirpation
Authors: Csoknya Mária , Barna János , Hiripi László , Hámori József , Elekes Károly 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe present study describes the major aspects of how monoaminergic (serotonin, dopamine) systems change in the course of regeneration of the brain in the earthworm (Eisenia fetida), investigated by immunocytochemistry, HPLC assay, and ligand binding. Following brain extirpation, the total regeneration time is about 80 days at 10°C. On the 3rd postoperative day serotonin, and on the 11th postoperative day tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons can be observed in the wound tissue. Thereafter the number of the immunoreactive cells increases gradually, and by the 76th–80th postoperative days all serotonin‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunopositive neurons can be found in their final positions, similarly to those observed in the intact brain. Labeled neurons located in the dorsal part of the regenerated brain appear earlier than the cells in lateral and ventral positions. Both serotonin‐ and tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons of the newly formed brain seem to originate from undifferentiated neuroblasts situated within and around the ventral ganglia and the pleura. Dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive) elements may additionally derive from the proliferation of neurons localized in the subesophageal ganglion and the pharyngeal nerve plexus. Following brain extirpation, both serotonin and dopamine levels, assayed by HPLC, first increase in the subesophageal ganglion; by the 25th day of regeneration, the monoamine content decreases in it and increases in the brain. Hence it is suggested that monoamines are at least partly transported from this ganglion to the regenerating brain. At the same time, 3H‐LSD binding can be detected in the regenerating brain from the 3rd postoperative day, showing a continuous increase until the 80th postoperative day, suggesting a guiding role of postsynaptic elements in the monoaminergic reinnervation of the newly formed brain. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:18–29, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of androgens on sex differentiation of the urodele Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Chardard D. , Kuntz S. , Chesnel A. , Flament S. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn nonmammalian vertebrates, steroids have been hypothesized to induce somatic sex differentiation, since manipulations of the steroidal environment of gonads have led to various degrees of sex reversal. Whereas the critical role of estrogens in ovarian differentiation is well documented, studies on androgens have produced a perplexing variety of results depending upon species variations and nature of androgens used. In this way, testosterone induces masculinization of females in some species but provokes paradoxical feminization of males in many other species such as the urodelan Pleurodeles waltl. In reptiles this phenomenon could be interpreted by conversion of exogenous testosterone to estradiol by aromatase. Treatments of Pleurodeles larvae with nonaromatizable androgens bring support to this hypothesis and suggest a role of androgens in sex differentiation. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) could not induce the paradoxical feminization of ZZ larvae. In addition, DHT as well as 11β‐hydroxy‐androstenedione could drive a functional male differentiation of ZW larvae. Moreover, other 5α reduced androgens also induced sex reversal of female larvae. Yet, the 5α reductase inhibitor CGP 53133 and antiandrogens such as flutamide or cyproterone acetate did not exert any effect on male sex differentiation of ZZ larvae. Though the precise role of androgens is still unknown, especially for 11‐oxygenated androgens, our results suggest an implication in male sex differentiation. In this way, testosterone could play a pivotal role in being metabolized either into other androgens during testis differentiation or into estradiol during ovarian differentiation. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:46–55, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged response to calling songs by the L3 auditory interneuron in female crickets (Acheta domesticus): Intracellular evaluation
Authors: Navia Benjamin , Stout John , Atkins Gordon 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe L3 auditory interneuron in female Acheta domesticus, produces two different responses to the male calling song: an immediate response and a prolonged response. The prolonged response exhibited spiking activity and a correlated prolonged depolarization, both of which are clearly seen in intracellular recordings. The morphology revealed by intracellular staining was clearly the L3 neuron. The amplitude of the prolonged depolarization associated with the prolonged response increased with increases in sound intensity, resulting in increased spiking rates. Both depolarization and sound presentation increased the spiking rate and the slope of pre‐potentials (thus leading to spiking threshold more quickly). Injecting hyperpolarizing current had the expected opposite effect. The effects of positive current injection and sound presentation were additive, resulting in spiking rates that were approximately double the rates in response to sound alone. Short postsynaptic potentials (PSPs), whose duration ranged from 15–60 ms, which may lead to action potentials were also observed in all recordings and summated with the prolonged depolarization, increasing the probability of spiking. J. Exp. Zool. 296A:63–71, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of 15N‐, 13C‐, and 2H‐labeled methanandamide analogs
Authors: Yao Fen‐Mei , Palmer Sonya L. , Khanolkar Atmaram D. , Tian Xiaoyu , Guo Jianxin , Makriyannis Alexandros 
Published: February 2003

AbstractFour isotopically labeled, metabolically stable analogs of arachidony‐lethanolamide (anandamide), an endogenous cannabinoid ligand, were synthesized via a five‐step reaction sequence starting from arachidonic acid. These stable methanandamide derivatives will serve as probes for studying the conformational properties of anandamide in model membrane systems using solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The synthetic methods described can be applied to the preparations of other anandamide analogs with isotopic labeling in different positions of the molecule, which could be utilized in biochemical and pharmacological experiments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of N, N‐diethyl‐4‐[phenyl‐(piperidin‐4‐ylidene)methyl]‐[carboxy‐14C]benzamide, a potent δ opioid receptor agonist
Authors: Gawell Lars 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe synthesis of carbon‐14 labelled N,N‐diethyl‐4‐[phenyl‐(piperidin‐4‐ylidene)methyl]‐benzamide is described. The radioisotope is introduced via an aryllithium reaction with 14CO2 to form the labelled acid, which is subsequently transformed into the amide. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of 3H and 14C labeled (S)‐3‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐3‐fluoro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐indol‐2‐one, maxipost™. An agent for post‐stroke neuroprotection
Authors: Dischino Douglas D. , Gribkoff Valentin K. , Hewawasam Piyasena , Luke George M. , Rinehart J. Kent , Spears Tony L. , Starrett John E. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe syntheses of tritium labeled (S)‐3‐(5‐chloro‐2‐[OC3H3]methoxyphenyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3‐fluoro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐indol‐2‐one, and carbon‐14 (S)‐3‐(5‐chloro‐2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3‐dihydro‐3‐fluoro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐[2,3‐14C2] indol‐2‐one are reported. The 3H‐labeled compound was prepared in a two‐step synthesis from C3H3I. The final product was purified via chiral HPLC to yield the desired enantiomer in a 4% radiochemical yield and a specific activity of 60 Ci/mmol. The 14C‐labeled compound was prepared in a four‐step synthesis from diethyl [carboxylate‐14C1,2] oxalate. The final product was purified via chiral HPLC to yield the desired enantiomer in a 20% radiochemical yield and a specific activity of 28.4 μCi/mg. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled (R)‐3‐fluoro‐4‐(2′‐(5′′, 6′′, 7′′, 8′′‐tetrahydro‐5′′, 5′′, 8′′, 8′′‐tetramethyl‐2′′‐naphthyl)‐[2′‐hydroxy‐14C])[carbonyl‐14C]acetamidobenzoic acid
Authors: Dischino Douglas D. , Lee Che‐Wah , Belema Makonen , Zusi Christopher 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCarbon‐14 labeled (R)‐3‐fluoro‐4‐(2′‐(5′′, 6′′, 7′′, 8′′‐tetrahydro‐5′′, 5′′, 8′′, 8′′‐tetramethyl‐2′′‐naphthyl)‐[2′‐hydroxy‐14C])[carbonyl‐14C]acetamidobenzoic acid, 1, was prepared in a six step radioactive synthesis from diethyl [carboxylate‐14C1,2] oxalate. The penultimate compound was purified by chiral HPLC, which following deprotection yielded 1 in an overall radiochemical yield of 6.8%. The specific activity of the final product was found to be 24.5 µCi/mg with a radiochemical purity of > 99% as determined by HPLC. Derivatization of 1 via trimethylsilyl diazomethane to the corresponding methyl ester 9, followed by chiral HPLC analysis, demonstrated that 1 had an optical purity of > 99% ee. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled 4‐[4‐[2‐[2‐[bis(4‐chlorophenyl) methoxy]ethyl sulfonyl][1‐14C]ethoxy]phenyl]‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐butanone
Authors: Dischino Douglas D. , Banville Jacques , Remillard Roger 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCarbon‐14 labeled 4‐[4‐[2‐[2‐[bis(4‐chlorophenyl)methoxyethylsulfonyl] [1‐14C]ethoxy]phenyl]‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐butanone was prepared in a six step radioactive synthesis from 2‐bromo[1‐14C]acetic acid. The overall radiochemical yield was 2.2%. The specific activity of the final product was found to be 42μCi/mg with a radiochemical purity of >98%. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and properties of radiolabeled CPTA–oligonucleotides
Authors: Wagner S. , Eritja R. , Zuhayra M. , Oberdorfer F. , Mohammed A. , Mier W. , Haberkorn U. , Eisenhut M. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA solid phase technique for the preparation of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) is described featuring 5′‐end conjugated 4‐[(1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotet‐radec‐1‐yl)‐methyl]benzoic acid (CPTA). Using Fmoc‐protected CPTA–C6 amidite, CPTA was conjugated to ODNs at the end of an automated DNA synthesis. To illustrate successful conjugations, the CPTA–ODNs were labeled with 99mTc using the stannous‐chloride reduction method. The resulting 99mTc complexes showed differences of stability between CPTA‐conjugated and CPTA‐unconjugated as well as 3′‐protected and 3′‐unprotected ODNs. Propane‐1,3‐diol 3′‐modification enhanced efficiently the stability of 99mTc labeled ODN against exonuclease degradation. Fmoc3CPTA‐C6 amidite turned out to be a versatile ligand for radiometal complexation at the 5′‐end. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of tritium labelled arachidonic acid amide and ester derivatives with dopamine, serotonin, vanillylamine, and ethyleneglycol moieties
Authors: Shevchenko V.P. , Nagaev I.Yu. , Myasoedov N.F. , Yudushkin I.A. , Gretskaya N.M. , Bobrov M.Yu. , Bezuglov V.V. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTritium labelled arachidonic acid amides with dopamine, serotonin, vanillyl‐amine and the ethyleneglycol ester moieties with high specific activity (120 Ci/mmol) and yield (70–90%) were prepared from tritiated arachidonic acid by condensation with the corresponding amines and alcohol via mixed anhydrides or acyl fluorides. The labelled compounds were used for studying their uptake by mouse spleen lymphocytes. From the data obtained it was suggested that arachidonic acid amides permeate the membrane by means of passive diffusion, while transmembrane transport of arachidonoylethyleneglycol seems to be driven by the concentration gradient, maintained by hydrolytic enzymes. The compounds synthesized by the reported methods can also be used in receptor binding studies and in the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids amides and esters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDTD analysis of higher‐order‐mode coupling effects in the crossed junctions of a planar slot array
Authors: Long Li , Yu Zhang , Huiqing Zhai , Changhong Liang 
Published: February 2003

AbstractHigher‐order‐mode coupling effects between radiating slots and coupling slots in centered‐inclined and longitudinal‐transverse types of crossed rectangular waveguide junctions are effectively analyzed in this paper by using a modified locally conformal finite‐difference time‐domain (MLC‐FDTD) algorithm. The errors arising from this higher‐order‐mode coupling are given in terms of the equivalent network S parameter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 422–425, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10781
A superdirective 3‐element array for adaptive beamforming
Authors: Chaloupka H. J. , Wang X. , Coetzee J. C. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA small array composed of three monopole elements with very small element spacing on the order of λ/6 to λ/20 is considered for application in adaptive beamforming. The properties of this 3‐port array are governed by strong mutual coupling. It is shown that for signal‐to‐noise maximization, it is not sufficient to adjust the weights to compensate for the effects of mutual coupling. The necessity for an RF‐decoupling network (RF‐DN) and its simple realization are shown. The array with closely spaced elements together with the RF‐DN represent a superdirective antenna with a directivity of more than 10 dBi. It is shown that the required fractional frequency bandwidth and the available unloaded Q of the antenna and RF‐DN structure determine the lower limit for the element spacing. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 425–430, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10782
The 2.5D FDTD and Fourier PSTD methods and applications
Authors: Tang Zibin , Liu Qing Huo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this work, 2.5‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) and pseudospectral time‐domain (PSTD) algorithms are developed for electromagnetic waves in media that are invariant in one spatial dimension. Both algorithms use Berenger's perfect matched layer (PML) as an absorbing boundary condition. The FDTD method is an extension of Yee's 3D algorithm to 2.5D. The PSTD algorithm uses the fast Fourier transform to approximate spatial derivatives, and gives a much higher accuracy than the FDTD method. Numerical results have been validated by comparing them with analytical solutions. The methods have been applied to ground‐penetrating‐radar and dielectric‐waveguide problems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 430–436, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10783
Efficient analysis of microwave structures using a matrix interpolation method
Authors: Yeo Junho , Mittra Raj 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a new impedance matrix interpolation algorithm, in the context of method of moments (MoM), for planar microstrip structures. Three different interpolating functions are implemented, depending upon the distance between the locations of the basis and the testing functions. The accuracy and computation times for the direct MoM and the impedance matrix interpolation methods are compared for several planar microstrip structures. It is demonstrated that the use of the proposed impedance matrix interpolation scheme can result in significant savings in the computation time with little or no compromise in the accuracy of the solution. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 439–447, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10785
Far‐field patterns of metal and dielectric‐wall conical horn antennas
Authors: Dube P. K. , Singh S. P. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe far‐field patterns and gain of dielectric‐wall conical horn antennas, each with axial length 149.5 cm, flare angle 20.2°, dielectric constant of horn dielectric 2.56, and varying thicknesses (0.33 cm and 0.65 cm), have been experimentally studied and compared with a metal horn antenna of identical flare angle and axial length at 9.4 GHz in X‐band. The use and applicability of dielectric‐wall conical horn antennas are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 447–449, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10786
Broadband square annular planar monopoles
Authors: Chen Zhi Ning , Ammann M. J. , Chia M. Y. W. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a vertical square planar monopole with a square concentric slot and a shifted feed location for broadband applications. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the proposed monopoles are experimentally studied, as a function of antenna dimensions and feed location. The proposed monopoles are shown to yield impedance bandwidth ratios of >1:1 for VSWR = 2:1, which fulfill most of the demands of EMC applications. Within the broad bandwidths, acceptable monopole‐like radiation patterns are also observed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 449–454, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10787
Multipole theory analysis of cylindrical strip and microstrip lines
Authors: Zheng Qinhong , Zeng Hua , Jiang Shaoquan , Li Manyi , Song Ming 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA new approach, the multipole theory (MT) method, is presented for the computation of the quasi‐TEM parameters of cylindrical strip and microstrip lines. The inhomogeneous field domain of cylindrical strip and microstrip lines is treated as a combination of several simple homogeneous regions, and the solution of the boundary‐value problem is represented by the generalized MT formula. Representative computational examples, including single cylindrical stripline, coupled cylindrical stripline, and microstrip line, are presented to validate the theory and demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of the MT method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 454–456, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10788
Effect of the chassis length on the bandwidth, SAR, and efficiency of internal mobile phone antennas
Authors: Kivekäs Outi , Ollikainen Jani , Lehtiniemi Tuukka , Vainikainen Pertti 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe effect of the chassis length on the characteristics of the combination of an internal mobile phone antenna and a phone chassis were studied with simulations at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. The results show that a local increase of SARs and a local decrease of radiation efficiency occur when the bandwidth reaches its maximum. This happens when the resonant frequency of the chassis equals that of the antenna. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 457–462, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10789
Effects of CMOS process fill patterns on spiral inductors
Authors: Chen Chang‐Lee 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSpiral inductors with various metal fill‐patterns under the spiral is fabricated with SOI CMOS technology and characterized up to 49 GHz. The impact of the fill on the inductor characteristics is found to be very small and changes can be attributed to the increase of parasitic capacitance. A simple model is proposed that can accurately estimate the increase of capacitance. A simple model is proposed that can accurately estimate the increase of capacitance by the fill. Design guidelines for optimizing fill patterns are recommended. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 462–465, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10790
Electromagnetic interconnection between microstrip lines through a thick ground plate
Authors: Lee Byungje , Park Myun‐Joo 
Published: February 2003

AbstractUnderstanding of electromagnetic coupling is an important area of research in the design and development of multi‐layered antenna arrays. In this paper, the spectral domain moment method (SDMM) is developed to investigate the coupling between two microstrip lines through a circular waveguide in a thick common‐ground plate. Measured data, along with the results obtained from the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method, are used to verify the solution. A parametric study illustrates the coupling behavior of the structure under investigation. It is observed that the frequency tuning and wide frequency bandwidth can be achieved by choosing the appropriate geometry, and this type of transition can be significantly affected by structural parameters. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 467–471, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10792
A simplified hybrid calculation method for the surface fields and near fields of surface‐current patches
Authors: Zhang X. J. , Alphones Arokiaswami , Liu A. Q. , Leong Yoke Choy , Chio Tan Huat , Liang C. H. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis paper presents a simplified hybrid calculation method, which enables calculation of a field very close to the surface of a perfect conducting object as well as the surface field itself. This method is based on the series electric dipole modeling (SEDM) technique, used to quickly and efficiently calculate near fields of wire antennas or objects, and the Kemptner method, used to find the surface fields of patches. The present method combines advantages of both the SEDM and Kemptner method techniques, without their weak points. Several examples in this paper show the validity of the SEDM and the simplified hybrid calculation method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 471–474, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10793
Performance analysis of homowavelength crosstalk in optical packet networks
Authors: Zhang Min , Ye Peida , Zhang Fan , Zhao Yongpeng 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, homowavelength crosstalk in optical packet networks is evaluated with the following aspects taken into consideration: device crosstalk coefficient, signal extinction ratio, traffic load, node size, and cascadability. Our results are very useful for the design of optical packet networks. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 474–479, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10794
An alternative layout for CPW‐fed printed antennas with low back radiation
Authors: Montisci Giorgio , Mazzarella Giuseppe 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze a patch fed by a hybrid system microstrip‐coplanar waveguide. The proposed feeding structure allows us to design an antenna with a significant reduction of the back‐radiation especially in the broadside direction. The analysis is made using the MPIE formulation of the method of moments (MoM). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 481–483, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10796
Nondestructive measurement of complex permittivity of sheet material
Authors: Verma A. K. , Nasimuddin  
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new model to determine the dielectric constant and the loss tangent of dielectric material in the sheet/slab form, with both low and high relative permittivity. A non‐destructive testing method is used, based on the microstrip patch and line resonators. This method provides consistently accurate results, as compared to the nominal value of data given by the manufactures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 483–486, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10797