bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Residential Green Space and Bone Mineral Density in Young Children
Authors: Sleurs Hanne , Silva Ana Inês , Bijnens Esmée M. , Dockx Yinthe , Peusens Martien , Rasking Leen , Plusquin Michelle , Nawrot Tim S. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceBone mass accrual is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. Targeted interventions at the early stages of life might decrease fracture and/or osteoporosis risk later in life.ObjectiveTo investigate whether early-life exposure to residential surrounding green space is associated with a change in bone mineral density in young children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prospective birth cohort study (ENVIRONAGE [Environmental Influence on Aging in Early Life]), mother-child pairs from Flanders, Belgium, were recruited at birth and followed up for 4 to 6 years, between October 1, 2014, and July 31, 2021. Data analysis was conducted between January and February 2022.ExposuresGreen space was estimated for high green (&amp;gt;3 m vegetation height), low green (≤3 m vegetation height ), and total green (sum of high and low) within several radii (100-3000 m) around the residence after geocoding of the addresses.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRadial bone mineral density was assessed using quantitative ultrasound measurement at follow-up, measured as the mean of the axially transmitted speed of sound in meters per second. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used while accounting for relevant covariates and potential confounders.ResultsThe study population comprised 327 children (180 [55.0%] female; mean [SD] age, 4.6 [0.4] years at the follow-up evaluation). Early-life exposure to residential green space was associated with increased childhood bone health. An IQR increment in total green (21.2%) and high green (19.9%) space within 500 m was associated with an increase of 27.38 m/s (95% CI, 9.63-45.13 m/s) and 25.30 m/s (95% CI, 7.93-42.68 m/s) in bone mineral density, respectively. Additionally, an IQR increase in total (25.2%) and high (23.2%) green space within 1000 m was associated with a 67% (odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17-0.61) and 61% (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.75) lower risk of having a bone density lower than the sex-specific 10th percentile (3567.6 m/s for girls and 3522.8 m/s for boys).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of children aged 4 to 6 years, higher bone mineral density and a lower risk of having low bone density were associated with higher residential green space exposure during childhood. These findings highlight the importance of early-life exposure to residential green space on bone health during critical periods of growth and development, with long-term implications.
The Role of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Wilcox Hannah , Paz Valentina , Saxena Richa , Winkelman John W. , Garfield Victoria , Dashti Hassan S. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceObservational studies have associated anorexia nervosa with circadian rhythms and sleep traits. However, the direction of causality and the extent of confounding by psychosocial comorbidities in these associations are unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between anorexia nervosa and circadian and sleep traits through mendelian randomization and to test the associations between a polygenic risk score (PRS) for anorexia nervosa and sleep disorders in a clinical biobank.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis genetic association study used bidirectional 2-sample mendelian randomization with summary-level genetic associations between anorexia nervosa (from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium) and chronotype and sleep traits (primarily from the UK Biobank). The inverse-variance weighted method, in addition to other sensitivity approaches, was used. From the clinical Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank (n = 47 082), a PRS for anorexia nervosa was calculated for each patient and associations were tested with prevalent sleep disorders derived from electronic health records. Patients were of European ancestry. All analyses were performed between February and August 2023.ExposuresGenetic instruments for anorexia nervosa, chronotype, daytime napping, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and sleep duration.Main Outcomes and MeasuresChronotype, sleep traits, risk of anorexia nervosa, and sleep disorders derived from a clinical biobank.ResultsThe anorexia nervosa genome-wide association study included 16 992 cases (87.7%-97.4% female) and 55 525 controls (49.6%-63.4% female). Genetic liability for anorexia nervosa was associated with a more morning chronotype (β = 0.039; 95% CI, 0.006-0.072), and conversely, genetic liability for morning chronotype was associated with increased risk of anorexia nervosa (β = 0.178; 95% CI, 0.042-0.315). Associations were robust in sensitivity and secondary analyses. Genetic liability for insomnia was associated with increased risk of anorexia nervosa (β = 0.369; 95% CI, 0.073-0.666); however, sensitivity analyses indicated bias due to horizontal pleiotropy. The MGB Biobank analysis included 47 082 participants with a mean (SD) age of 60.4 (17.0) years and 25 318 (53.8%) were female. A PRS for anorexia nervosa was associated with organic or persistent insomnia in the MGB Biobank (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17). No associations were evident for anorexia nervosa with other sleep traits.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study suggest that in contrast to other metabo-psychiatric diseases, anorexia nervosa is a morningness eating disorder and further corroborate findings implicating insomnia in anorexia nervosa. Future studies in diverse populations and with subtypes of anorexia nervosa are warranted.
Review of Racial and Ethnic Representation of Participants Enrolled in Pediatric Clinical Trials of Oncology Drugs Conducted Through FDA Written Requests
Authors: Fashoyin-Aje Lola A. , Akalu Alemayehu Y. , Boehmer Jessica , Pazdur Richard , Donoghue Martha , Reaman Gregory H. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceThe Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act states that in issuing a written request (WR), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) shall consider the adequate representation (eg, proportionate to the disease population) of children from racial and ethnic minority populations. If the terms of the WR are fulfilled, the FDA may grant an additional 6 months of exclusivity for any unexpired patents and exclusivities attached to approved indications.ObjectiveTo report on the race and ethnicity of participants enrolled in pediatric studies conducted in response to WRs for which pediatric exclusivity was granted between 2001 and 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective review examines pediatric exclusivity request submissions for oncologic drugs that received pediatric exclusivity between December 2001 and January 2021 based on fulfillment of the requirements of a WR that were identified using the FDA’s Document Archiving Reporting and Regulatory Tracking System. Demographic data were manually abstracted from supporting study reports, and data were pooled across submissions for the analysis. Data were analyzed throughout 2022 and 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRepresentation by race, sex, and ethnicity in pediatric studies conducted in response to WRs.ResultsA total of 22 pediatric exclusivity requests were identified, comprising 40 studies and 2025 patients. Most trials (26 [65%]) in the analysis were cooperative group studies. Representation by race was as follows: American Indian/Alaska Native (13 [0.6%]), African American/Black (228 [11.3%]), Asian (92 [4.6%]), Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander (33 [1.6%]), White (1303 [64.3%]), other (194 [9.6%]), and unknown/not reported (162 [8.0%]). Representation by sex was female individuals (41.2%) and male individuals (58.8%). Ethnicity was as follows: Hispanic (226 [5.7%]), non-Hispanic (910 [22.5%]), unknown/not reported ethnicity (2800 [69.1%]), and other ethnicity (114 [2.8%]).Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results suggest that overall, representation of participants of racial and ethnic minority groups in studies supporting pediatric exclusivity requests appear comparable with the racial distribution of childhood cancers in the US based on data from the National Childhood Cancer Registry Explorer. However, fewer Hispanic participants were enrolled in the trials we reviewed (8%) compared with the representation of Hispanic patients in the National Childhood Cancer Registry (28%). This discrepancy may be partially explained by the large proportion of participants with unknown information regarding ethnicity. Further research into the reasons for the large proportion of participants with missing ethnicity information is needed.
Radiation oncology department policy development for patients who may become pregnant
Authors: Fagerstrom Jessica M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the context of radiation oncology, radiation exposure from radiation therapy simulation, image guidance, and radiation therapy procedures can have severe adverse biological effects on a developing embryo or fetus. Patients who may be pregnant are screened for the possibility of pregnancy to prevent unnecessary or excessive exposure of radiation in utero. Some radiation therapy patients for whom a pregnancy test is indicated may elect to decline the test. In addition, some patients who are found upon screening to be pregnant may decide, with their attending radiation oncologist, to continue with treatment. A radiation oncology department policy was developed to provide guidelines regarding screening and consent. The policy was designed to prevent unnecessary exposure to patients who may be pregnant, and to limit dose to the embryo or fetus in patients for whom treatment is medically indicated. The policy is presented as an example for physicists intending to develop or revise their own practice's policy regarding patients who may become pregnant.
Caregiver descriptions of dystonia in cerebral palsy
Authors: Jaleel Fayza , Rust Alyssa , Cheung Shirley , Pearson Toni S. , Ueda Keisuke , Robichaux‐Viehoever Amy , Leger Katie , Chintalapati Keerthana , Guez‐Barber Danielle , Shusterman Michele , Aravamuthan Bhooma 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine how caregivers describe dystonia in people with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, paper surveys were administered to caregivers between September 7, 2021 and October 28, 2021 during CP Center visits at a large tertiary care center. Caregivers were asked to describe involuntary movements triggered by voluntary movement or triggered by tactile stimulation in the people with CP they cared for. Their CP Center medical provider separately assessed people with CP for dystonia. Movement features described exclusively by caregivers of people with CP and dystonia were determined using conventional content analysis.Results113 caregivers responded on behalf of 56 people with and 57 people without dystonia. If caregivers noted that both voluntary movement and tactile stimulation triggered involuntary movements, that had a 92% positive predictive value for a dystonia diagnosis. Movement features exclusively described in people with CP and dystonia included: (1) stiffening, tensing, or tightening (15% of respondents); (2) involvement of the head (10%), torso (5%), or feet (5%); and (3) triggers of stretching (12.5%), excitement (5%), or transfers (5%).InterpretationIn addition to a thorough exam, asking caregivers of people with CP to describe involuntary movements triggered by voluntary movement or tactile stimulation may inform clinical dystonia diagnosis.
Biomimetic Approach for Sustainable Magnetite Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Polycations
Authors: Kuhrts Lucas , Prévost Sylvain , Scoppola Ernesto , Hirt Ann‐Marie , Faivre Damien 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMagnetotactic bacteria produce magnetite nanoparticles called magnetosomes at ambient conditions via a protein‐stabilized transient amorphous precursor to obtain precise control over particle size and morphology. In a bioinspired approach, such biomineralization processes are emulated, mimicking proteins involved in magnetosome formation using the positively charged analog poly‐L‐arginine. While the additive is expensive, it remains elusive whether the change in magnetite formation mechanism arises solely from the polymer's cationic nature. This study uses different mass‐produced and sustainably sourced polycations to induce the biomineralization‐reminiscent formation of magnetite nanoparticles. These findings present how to achieve control over nanoparticle size (from 10 to 159 nm) and morphology (compact and sub‐structured) as well as magnetic properties (superparamagnetic, stable‐single‐domain, vortex state) at ambient temperature and pressure using these additives. Furthermore, the formation of large nanoparticles with the addition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) at low alkalinity highlights how magnetotactic bacteria may produce magnetite nanoparticles under similar conditions. Confirming the polycations' ability to electrostatic stabilize amorphous ferrihydrite, it is anticipated that parametric in vitro studies on polymer properties will provide valuable insights into magnetite biomineralization and aid in rationally designing magnetic nanomaterials.
Boosting Sodium Storage in Prussian Blue Analogs Through Iron Vacancies and Copper Doping
Authors: Liu Jiacen , Liu Jie , Tang Mingxue , Fu Jipeng , Kuang Xiaojun , Ma Jiwei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrussian Blue Analogs (PBAs) have shown considerable prospects as the cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) on account of their high theoretical capacity, low cost, and easy preparation. The low practical capacity and poor cycling stability of PBAs, however, limit their wide practical deployment. To address these issues, a new strategy is deployed through introducing Fe vacancies and Cu‐dopant into the PBAs frame structure, boosting the specific capacity and improving the cycling stability. On the one hand, the introduction of Fe vacancies in PBA (PBA□Fe) can provide additional storage sites and facilitate Na+ diffusion kinetics, yielding a high capacity of ≈164 mAh g−1 at a low current density which approaches the theoretical capacity. On the other hand, the Cu‐dopant is further helpful in stabilizing the structure of PBA□Fe, thus improving the cycling stability. This work paves a new strategy that enables unlocking the capacity and improving the cycling stability of PBA materials toward high‐performance SIBs.
Single‐Atom Site SERS Chip for Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Reproducible Direct‐Monitoring of RNA Binding
Authors: Feng Ran , Fu Shaohua , Liu Hongyang , Wang Ying , Liu Simiao , Wang Kaiwen , Chen Binbin , Zhang Xiaoxian , Hu Liming , Chen Qian , Cai Ting , Han Xiaodong , Wang Cong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRibonucleic acids (RNA) play active roles within cells or viruses by catalyzing biological reactions, controlling gene expression, and communicating responses to cellular signals. Rapid monitoring RNA variation has become extremely important for appropriate clinical decisions and frontier biological research. However, the most widely used method for RNA detection, nucleic acid amplification, is restricted by a mandatory temperature cycling period of ≈1 h required to reach target detection criteria. Herein, a direct detection approach via single‐atom site integrated surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) monitoring nucleic acid pairing reaction, can be completed within 3 min and reaches high sensitivity and extreme reproducibility for COVID‐19 and two other influenza viruses’ detection. The mechanism is that a single‐atom site on SERS chip, enabled by positioning a single‐atom oxide coordinated with a specific complementary RNA probe on chip nanostructure hotspots, can effectively bind target RNA analytes to enrich them at designed sites so that the binding reaction can be detected through Raman signal variation. This ultrafast, sensitive, and reproducible single‐atom site SERS chip approach paves the route for an alternative technique of immediate RNA detection. Moreover, single‐atom site SERS is a novel surface enrichment strategy for SERS active sites for other analytes at ultralow concentrations.
Platelet Membrane‐Encapsulated Nanocomplexes Based on Profundity Scavenging ROS Strategy for Myocardial Infarction Therapy
Authors: Sun Meng , Hu Nan , Gao Yangyang , Lv Nan , Fu Xiaohong , Li Yafeng , Zhai Shaodong , Zhang Ruiping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIschemia‐induced myocardial injury has become a serious threat to human health, and its treatment remains a challenge. The occurrence of ischemic events leads to a burst release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which triggers extensive oxidative damage and leads to dysfunctional autophagy, making it difficult for cells to maintain homeostasis. Antioxidants and modulation of autophagy have thus become promising strategies for the treatment of ischemic myocardial injury. This study proposes an antioxidant‐activated autophagy therapeutic regimen based on combining melanin (Mel), an excellent antioxidant with metformin mimetic ploymetformin via electrostatic interactions, to obtain a nanocomplex (Met‐Mel). The nanocomplex is finally encapsulated with platelet membranes (PMN) to construct a biomimetic nanoparticle (PMN@Met‐Mel) capable of targeting injured myocardium. The prepared PMN@Met‐Mel has good Mel loading capacity and optimal biosafety. It exhibits excellent antioxidant activity and autophagy activation, rapidly restoring mitochondrial function. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis reveals that PMN@Met‐Mel operates mechanistically by triggering the activation of the autophagy pathway. Subsequent in vivo experiments showcase promising cardioprotective effects of these nanoparticles. These discoveries present a newly devised nanoplatform with promising potential for the effective treatment of myocardial infarction.
Mismatched Refractive Index Strategy for Fabricating Laser‐Driven Wood Diffusers from Bulk Wood for Illumination Applications
Authors: Tang Qiheng , Yuan Xiao , Zou Miao , Zhang Lei , Chang Liang , Chen Xueqi , Zhang Jie , Zhou Guanwu , Gao Kezheng , Guo Wenjing , Chen Yongping 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLaser‐diode‐based solid‐state lighting is primarily used in state‐of‐the‐art illumination systems. However, these systems rely on light‐converting inorganic phosphors, which have low quantum efficiencies and complex manufacturing conditions. In this study, a mismatched refractive index strategy is proposed to directly convert natural bulk wood into a laser‐driven wood diffuser using a simple delignification and polymer infiltration method. The resulting material has the potential to be used in laser‐driven diffuse illumination applications. The optical performance of the laser‐driven wood diffuser is optimized by changing the density of natural wood. The optimal coefficient of illuminance variation of the wood diffuser is as low as 17.7%, which is significantly lower than that of commercial diffusers. The illuminance uniformity is larger than 0.9, which is significantly higher than the ISO requirements for indoor workplace lighting. The laser damage threshold is 7.9 J cm−2, which is considerably higher than those of the substrates of commercially available phosphors. Furthermore, the optimized wood diffuser exhibits outstanding mechanical properties, excellent thermal stability, tolerance to harsh environmental conditions, and low speckle contrast. These results show that the laser‐driven wood diffuser is a promising laser‐color converter that is suitable for indoor, long‐distance outdoor, undersea, and other high‐luminance laser lighting applications.
Spacer Effects in Sulfo‐ and Sulfabetaine Polymers on Their Resistance against Proteins and Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Karthäuser Jana F. , Kopecz Regina , Schönemann Eric , Martínez Guajardo Alejandro , Laschewsky André , Rosenhahn Axel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe resistance of zwitterionic polymer coatings against the adsorption of proteins and the attachment of pathogenic bacteria is influenced by the precise molecular architecture of the polymers. Two until now rarely studied molecular variables in this context are side chain spacer groups separating the zwitterionic moieties from the polymer backbone and spacer groups separating the cationic and anionic groups within the zwitterionic moiety. Therefore, a set of six poly(sulfobetaine)s and poly(sulfabetaine)s is prepared, in which these spacer groups are systematically varied, incorporating ethylene, propylene, and undecylene side chain spacers, as well as ethylene, propylene, and butylene inter‐charge spacers, and their effects on the antifouling behavior are explored. Hence, the corresponding zwitterionic methacrylates are copolymerized with a photo‐reactive methacrylate bearing a benzophenone moiety. All zwitterionic coatings reveal hydrophilic properties when immersed in water and those with relatively short spacers show effective suppression of non‐specific protein adsorption. Polysulfobetaines outperform the polysulfabetaine ones in terms of resistance against adhesion of bacteria. The overall best fouling protection is observed for the polysulfobetaine bearing a propylene side chain spacer, which coincides with their relatively highest water solubility. The results corroborate previous findings that even apparently minor molecular changes of polyzwitterions can strongly affect their antifouling performance.
A Flexible Pressure Sensor with Wide Detection Range Based on Capacitive‐Piezoresistive Dual Mode Conversion for Human‐Machine Interaction
Authors: Huang Liangsong , Wang Shuo , Zhang Peng , Zhang Kun , Li Yuxia , Chen Zhifu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlexible pressure sensor is widely used in fields such as healthcare, intelligent prosthetics, and patient rehabilitation. However, how to ensure high sensitivity of the sensor while having a wide detection range remains a challenge. In order to address this challenge, a flexible pressure sensor with a wide detection range based on capacitive‐piezoresistive dual mode conversion is proposed. By manufacturing circular through‐holes on the dielectric layer of the sensor, the microstructure of the upper and lower electrode layers can achieve non‐contact and contact switching under different pressures through the through holes. This means that the sensor remains in capacitive mode at low pressure and then in piezoresistive mode at high pressure. By cleverly combining the two modes, the measurement range can reach 2 000 kPa and high sensitivity can be maintained during mode switching. In addition, its production process is simple, the cost is low, and it has a fast response time (120 ms) and good repeatability stability. The experimental results indicate that the sensor can achieve ideal performance in proximity detection, human behavior monitoring, and ultra high‐pressure detection, and has broad application prospects in providing a more powerful human‐computer interaction interface and expanding more comprehensive health monitoring.