bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revising the Form, Misserving the Order: Charles Johnson s Middle Passage
Authors: Rushdy Ashraf H A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If Oxherding Tale, Charles .Johnson’s “platform book,” is a meditation on the sixties, then Middle Passage, building on that platform, can be said to be his meditation on the “Sixties-within-the-Eighties.” Having explored in his first Neo-slave narrative the ways race is recreated institutionally and then experienced personally, .Johnson turns to an examination of how race is structured in the economic sphere.
Reading the Promise to David
Authors: Schniedewind William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
God promised David an eternal kingdom. What happened to it? It was read and reread over the course of centuries by a multitude of audiences and under widely divergent social and political conditions. The changing face of the Promise to David reflects the changing faces of those who read and passed it on. This book is a study of those readers and their interpretations. It follows the reception and transformations of the Promise to David in 2 Samuel 7:1-17 from the inception of the Hebrew monarchy until the dawn of Christianity. Throughout this historical adventure, societies reshape the Promise through reading and rewriting, and at the same time societies are constituted through these activities. To understand the interpretations of the Promise at various historical moments, we must begin by placing them in the societies in which they belong and which they address. This is the proper task of a literary history of the Promise to David.
Forging a Common Ideology: Origns Of Promise
Authors: Schniedewind William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rise of the United Monarchy is one of the curiosities of history. The geography of Palestine lends itself to neither a united nor independent polity. The position of Palestine between the African and Asian continents made it the crossroads of commerce and conflict and usually resulted in its domination by foreign powers-Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, Rome, and the Arab empires. The local topography subdivides the land into relatively small geographical units. These small geographical entities are more naturally suited to loosely organized, clan­ based chiefdoms. These relatively weak, decentralized political systems further encourage Palestine’s domination by outsiders. The formation of a large independent state in Palestine thus swims against several currents, and it should hardly be surprising that some scholars wish to dispose of it completely. Only within a unique configuration of historical circumstance and individual personality did a united and independent state emerge under David and Solomon. It lasted scarcely more than a generation, even according to the biblical account. Yet, through the nostalgic literary development of a golden age of David and Solomon, it lived on and grew.
Josianic Reporms: A New Place For The Promise
Authors: Schniedewind William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The rising tide of the Assyrian empire transformed the Near East as a whole and along with it, the tiny Judaean state. A series of cultural revolutions followed in Assyria’s wake. These began with urbanization. The social structure of Judah shifted away from the countryside toward cities. The Assyrian empire would integrate Judah for the first time into a world economy, with all the attendant exposure to foreign cultures. It is hardly surprising within this social upheaval and cultural invasion that the seventh century in Judah was marked by a proliferation of religious movements that culminated in a conservative backlash-namely, the Josianic religious reforms. The task of the present chapter, then, is to describe the social fabric of the late seventh century, as revealed by archaeological and literary sources to properly assess the Josianic Reformation in general and then the reception and transmission of the Promise to David in particular.
In Peksia’s Shadow: Restoring the Promise
Authors: Schniedewind William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The edict of Cyrus ushered in a new era in the religion, literature, and history of the Jewish people. The Jewish exiles were allowed to return to their ancestral homeland. They were allowed to rebuild their temple. On the extreme periphery of the Persian empire, the returnees joined those who had remained in the land and attempted to restore the Jewish people and their heritage. In the early period of Persian rule, Yehud was an obscure province in a remote part of the empire, but the rise of the Greeks, along with revolts in Egypt, cast a spotlight on Yehud. A second wave of Jewish returnees, which included Ezra and Nehemiah, coincided with this closer Persian oversight of Yehud. These events form the backdrop for rewriting the story of the Jewish people, with the Promise to David as a central theme.
Second Temple Judaisms Read the Promise
Authors: Schniedewind William M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exile scattered the Jewish people throughout the ancient world, and although a significant number returned and resettled in Palestine, the Diasporas remained the majority.’ One constant of Jewish identity both inside and outside Palestine was the Jerusalem temple. In this last chapter, we examine Jewish reception and transmission of the Promise to David within the Hellenistic and Roman world.
The Public Unconscious
Authors: North Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AT The Beginning Of Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious, the first of two psychological tracts he published in 1921 and 1922, D. H. Lawrence sarcastically declared Freudian psychoanalysis to be “a public danger.”1 Lawrence meant in part that widespread acceptance of Freudian tenets seemed to threaten a certain kind of conventional morality, and in that belief he was hardly alone. At about the same time, Dr. Leon Gorodiche denounced Freudianism as “a pretext for licentious mental intercourse;’ and several metropolitan dailies in the United States blamed Freud for an increase in suicides, supposedly due to excessive introspection.2 Certain bizarre scandals, including the one surrounding a so-called “psychic tea” held in New York in April, guaranteed that whatever danger psychoanalysis might pose would quickly be made public.3 But Lawrence, hardly a proponent of conventional morality himself, was more concerned that apparent license was simply concealing a different kind of conformity: “The mob was on the alert. The Oedipus complex was a household word, the incest motive became a commonplace of tea-table chat. Amateur analysis became the vogue.”4 Psychoanalysis had become, in the words of the New York Evening World, “our most popular science;’5 a development that was, to Lawrence at least, offensively paradoxical. The science that seemed to put so much emphasis on the inner workings of the individual had become the focus of intense public attention, and the unconscious had become, mainly by virtue of its supposed inaccessibility, almost ubiquitous.
Introduction
Authors: Wong Hertha D Sweet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since N. Scott Momaday’s novel House Made of Dawn was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Literature in 1969, fiction by Native North American writers has become increasingly popular with both general readers and academics. The first wave of writers linked with what literary critic Kenneth Lincoln has labeled the Native American Renaissance includes Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Gerald Vizenor, and James Welch. Foremost among writers in what might be considered a second wave is Louise Erdrich. She is a gifted poet and essayist, but she is best known for her fiction and the collaboration with her late husband, Michael Dorris (see bibliography).
From the Time Immemorial Native American Traditions in Contemporary Short Fiction
Authors: Jaskoski Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary Native Americ: AN fiction concerns itself with a kind of cultural borderland, where lines between ethnic groups are drawn, denied, defied, and proudly distinguished. Sometimes the lines are territorial, involving geographic boundaries. More often they are psychological, economic, and linguistic-distinguished by separateness and often misunderstanding of custom and worldview.
Louise Erdrich’s Love Medicine Narrative Communities and the Short Story Cycle
Authors: Wong Hertha D Sweet 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lo u Is E E Ro RI c H ‘ s Love Medicine (1984)1 is most often classified as a novel. In fact, if we have any doubts about its genre, the title page informs us: “Love Medicine: A Novel by Louise Erdrich.” When asked what they thought about the fact that some reviewers of the “novel” insisted on labeling it a “collection of short stories,” Erdrich and her husband-collaborator Michael Dorris were not particularly interested in the topic. “It’s a novel in that it all moves toward some sort of resolution,” explained Erdrich. “It has a large vision that no one of the stories approaches,” added Dorris.2 In addition, even though half of the fourteen chapters of the first edition had been published previously as short stories in literary journals or popular magazines, Erdrich and Dorris insisted that they had adapted these individual stories significantly in order to create, extend, or enhance thematic, structural, and other literary connections.3 Erdrich, who describes herself as “a person who thought in terms of stories and poems and short-things,” credits Dorris’s influence for how the “book became a novel.”4 “By the time readers get half-way through the book,” noted Dorris, “it should be clear to them that this is not an unrelated, or even a related, set of short stories, but parts of a larger scheme” (Wong, 212). Length, an expansive vision, and some sense of unity seem to inform their notion of what constitutes a novel.
Reading “North” and “South”: Issues of Comparative Reading and the Classical Poetry of South Asia
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I have already alluded to some major differences in the ways in which Tamil, Sanskrit, and Prā krit love poems have been read and understood by “competent” readers, that is, by readers of poetry who have “internalized the grammar of literature,” permitting them to “convert linguistic sequences into literary structures and meanings.”1 In the next few pages, I will delineate in far greater detail some of the more fundamental differences in various reading processes in these three literary traditions. Specifically, I will compare what I identified above as the three most important critical notions of these genres, namely, tin ai, rasa, and dhvani. The comparisons will be based on what readers have to know when they read classical poems and on how they should ideally process information in poetry. I will begin with brief summaries and comparisons of some of the most basic principles of Sanskrit and Tamil poetics. These comparisons will cast into high relief some fundamental differences in the elements crucial to the composition and interpretation of classical poems.
Young Women Speak to Their Female Friends "Like an image on a Mirror,My Pain Will Not Enter Him"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the forty poems in this chapter, the speaker is, in every case, an unmarried girl who speaks to her girlfriend or friends about her romantic relationship. Poems 7.1-7.7 depict an array of lovesick heroines-the speakers have fallen madly in love with men whom they have seen or made love to in secret. In the case of poem 7.5, the lovers have missed a previously arranged assignation. The Sanskrit poems and the single Prakrit gatha in this group are classified as poems evoking vipralambha·srngara-rasa, or the mood of love in separation, whereas all the Tamil poems are set in the kurinci context, that of clandestine love in union, highlighting the different ways in which readers have traditionally understood and categorized the pains and pleasures of falling in love in these traditions (see chapter 2 above). Poems 7.8-7.18 are spoken by women who have more mature relationships with their men. They speak with great confidence, enthusiastically praise love itself, and even boast of the deepness of their passion. According to commentator Gaiigadharabhaga, poem 7.8 is spoken by a woman “in order to make known the extraordinary nature of her own passion,” so we are to understand it as a boast rather than as a sad complaint. Like poem 7.8, poem 7.15 is also a Prakrit gatha, Gangadharabhatta understands this highly unusual poem about sati in the following way. His headnote reads:
Friends Carry Messages to the Lovers "Now Aren't You Afraid of the Spear in Her Father's Hand?"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The twenty poems in this chapter build on the various contexts depicted in chapters 7 and 8-the lovers have asked their friends to act as go-betweens to carry messages for them. The poems grouped here represent a tangled constellation of communication: 9.1-9.16 depict a variety of situations in which the confidantes of young, unmarried women carry messages to their lovers (or would-be lovers). This section opens with a highly unusual poem from the Tamil anthology Narrinai in which the confidante tries to discourage a persistent man from courting a girl who is from a lower social class. The anonymous author has drawn richly from elements found commonly in the neytal landscape, that of the seashore,the context of emotional discord and lament. Poems 9.2-9.6, all Prakritgatha, are superb examples of a witty confidante who artfully praises her young friend's extraordinary beauty in the man's presence (9.4-9.6;see my exegesis of poem 9.5 in chapter 1).
Young Men Speak to Their Male Friends "Suddenly She Showed Me Favor with a Tear"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This small cluster of eleven poems shows men conversing with their peers in various modes and for various reasons. This chapter opens with an exquisite and moving example from the Tamil anthology Kuruntokdi, set in the kurinci context, that of love in union. The man has fallen in love with a young girl, and they have met and have made love in secret in the forest. According to U.Ve. Caminataiyar, the man's companion has ridiculed his lovesick friend, and he speaks this lovely poem in response (see chapter 1 for a fuller exegesis).
Young Men Speak to Their Lovers "Anger Has Become Your Lover, Not l"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This group of seven poems opens with four fine verses from the Sanskrit Amarufataka in which the man begs his beloved for forgiveness (it is unclear in some of these verses whether the pair are married or unmarried lovers). This particular theme is a favorite among Sanskrit poets, and it is one greatly favored by the poets anthologized in the Amaru collection especially. Compare poem 11.2 with poem 11.4, a Prakritgatha, keeping in mind their contexts and the suggestion that we can understand such verses to be “studied arguments.” s Poem 11.5 is a lovely example of Prakrit pillow talk, and 11.6 an artful piece of flattery addressed simultaneously to the men's beloved and the moon. This poem is a simple but beautiful sample of innovation within the bounds of sometimes rather tired convention,this verse being an inversion of the common simile, "Your face is like the moon." This section ends with a Tamil poem from Kuruntokdai, in which the man offers tender premarital reassurance to his lover.
The Voices of Mothers and Foster Mothers "Her Hair Not Even Long Enough to Tie in a Knot"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The following eleven poems are all spoken by mothers and foster mothers who are pining for their young daughters after they have eloped with their lovers. All of these poems are from the Tamil anthologies-the convention of mothers’ lamentations is utterly unique to Tamil poetics. The poets of this tradition had a finely tuned sense of how parents fit in with the erotic lives of their children. The first two poems are spoken by the young girl's foster mother (cevilit-tay). In poem 14.1, the foster mother sets out in search of the eloping couple and gives voice to her despair, and in poem 14.2, the foster mother comforts the bereft and grieving biological mother (narray) and says prayers for the eloping couple's comfort as they make their way across the desert wastelands appropriate to the palai landscape, that of abject and sometimes permanent separation. Poems 14.3-14.8 are culled from a decad of verses found in Ainkurunuru, makat-pokkiya vali-t-tay iranku pattu, "that decad of the mother's lamentations at the elopement of her daughter."She complains about the gossip her daughter's rash actions have caused, curses the young man's mother for ever having given birth to him, describes the utter foolishness of her daughter, who has gone traipsing off to forests so tangled that even the monkeys stay out of them, and remarks bitterly on the name that her daughter's friends have given her.
Wives Speak to Their Husbands’ Messengers and to Their Friends "Going Like an Arrow Spat by a Bow"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The seventeen poems in this series are set in two slightly different contexts. The first four poems are addressed to the husbands’ (or lovers’) messengers. Poems 16.1 and 16.2, from the Tamil anthology Ainkur.unur.u, are from a decad devoted to reeds. Set in the marutam landscape, reeds represent rival women. The reed stalks chafe and tear at delicate mango threads and lotus petals, which symbolize the wife as well as happy, fertile domesticity in general. The speaker of poem 16.4, a Prakrit gatha, betrays her passion to an elderly woman. Commentator Mathuranath Sastri” ‘s headnote reads, “Having seen the extreme depression of her nephew, an aunt took it upon herself to act as a go-between, and as she listed the man’s qualities, his beauty, and so on, the heroine, her passion for him aroused, said this to her.”
Wives’ Friends Speak to Husbands’ Messengers (and to the Husbands Themselves) "Just Where Does Your Chariot Think It's Going?"
Authors: Selby Martha Ann 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first four poems of this chapter are spoken by the confidantes of abandoned wives to their husbands’ messengers. In every case, these words are said and then carried to the husbands to impel them to hurry home. Poems 17.5-17.19 are all addressed directly to the husband. Verses 17.5-17.7 are oblique instructions to husbands who are clumsy or overeager, or who don’t quite understand the importance of conjugal happiness. The tropes of the man-as-bee/woman-as-jasmine-bud are popular, almost overexploited metaphors in Prakrit and Sanskrit convention. In poem 17.8, the confidante tells the husband how much his newly pregnant wife loves him. Poems 17.9-17.13 are all from the Tamil tradition. The confidante quotes the wife verbatim to the husband, and it is unclear whether this is a time-honored convention or a latter-day commentarial “intervention”-it is possible that U. Ve Caminataiyar and other modern Tamil Commentators were uncomfortable with the idea of such direct confrontations between quarreling husbands and wives.
The Embodiment of Bhakti
Authors: Prentiss Karen Pechilis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book offers an interpretive history of bhakti, an influential religious perspective in Hinduism. Prentiss argues that although bhakti is mentioned in every contemporary sourcebook on Indian religions, it still lacks an agreed-upon definition. “Devotion” is found to be the most commonly used synonym. Prentiss seeks a new perspective on this elusive concept. Her analysis of Tamil (south Indian) materials leads her to suggest that bhakti be understood as a doctrine of embodiment. Bhakti, she says, urges people towards active engagement in the worship of God. She proposes that the term “devotion” be replaced by “participation,” emphasizing bhakti’s call for engagement in worship and the necessity of embodiment to fulfill that obligation.
Introduction
Authors: Prentiss Karen Pechilis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On the face of it, to students of Indian culture, bhakti needs no introduction. Celebrated as an Indian version of Protestant Christianity by nineteenth-century missionaries and scholars, immortalized in the Bhagavad Gītā, promoted as “India’s Bible” by orientalists and now reclaimed as such by Hindu immigrants in Western countries, and praised by poet-saints in all the major languages of India, bhakti became firmly established in the canon of scholarship on Indian religions.
There had been a consensus on what bhakti means, which contributed to its inclusion in the canon of scholarship. Revealing orientalist scholars’ approval of this religious path, by the turn of this century bhakti had come to be defined as “devotion to a personal deity” in English-language scholarship, a definition still influential today. For orientalist scholars such as H. H. Wilson, M. Monier-Williams, and G. A. Grierson, bhakti was a monotheistic reform movement, the first real instance of monotheism in India. By this assertion, they challenged the views of F. Max Muller, regarded as a founder of the discipline called Religionswissenschaft, or the history of religions; he and his followers deemed the Sanskrit Vedas as India’s true and original religion. In Max Muller’s view, the scholars of bhakti were studying the compromise of history; in their own view, they were identifying the jewel in the crown of India’s living religious traditions.
Bhakti as a Movement
Authors: Prentiss Karen Pechilis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Not all scholars who were interpreting bhakti at the turn of the century accepted the idea that religious reformers, much less those influenced by Christianity, were the primary representatives of bhakti. Some, amplifying the idea that a k atriya had founded bhakti, imagined that the medieval streams of bhakti in north India were initiated by nonbrahman religious figures as well as “the masses.” An example of this perspective is found in the work of Mahadeo Govind Ranade, a brahman, judge, founding member of the Prarthana Samaj reformist religious group, and leading nationalist, who understood bhakti to have been a populist movement:
Like the Protestant Reformation in Europe in the sixteenth century, there was a religious, social and literary revival and reformation in India, but notably in the Deccan in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. This religious revival was not brahmanical in its orthodoxy; it was heterodox in its spirit of protest against forms and ceremonies and class distinctions based on birth, and ethical in its preference of a pure heart, and of the law of love, to all other acquired merits and good works. This religious revival was the work also of the people, of the masses, and not of the classes. At its head were saints and prophets, poets and philosophers, who sprang chiefly from the lower orders of society—tailors, carpenters, potters, gardeners, shop-keepers, barbers, and even mahars—more often than Brahmans.
The Just Shall Live by Faith
Authors: Pitkin Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
How did Calvin’s interpretation of the Bible not only reflect and reinforce but also transform his understanding of faith? The first stage in the investigation of this question focuses on his exegesis of the Pauline epistles, especially Romans, in order to sketch the outlines of his reading of Paul and begin to establish the fundamentally Pauline shape of his understanding of faith. I will show how and where Calvin finds in Paul support for his views on the certainty of faith, the perceptual nature of faith, and faith as knowledge. In addition, I will show that Calvin’s interpretation of the Pauline view of justification, the law, and the fundamental human problem provides the primary contours for his definition of faith. Determining the important exegetical underpinnings of the view of faith expressed in the Institutes provides insight into the scriptural background for Calvin’s definition of faith as knowledge, his distinction between fides and fiducia, and his restriction of the proper object of faith to God’s word of mercy.