bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain organoids for hypoxic-ischemic studies: from bench to bedside
Authors: Gaston-Breton Romane , Maïza Letrou Auriane , Hamoudi Rifat , Stonestreet Barbara S. , Mabondzo Aloïse 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOur current knowledge regarding the development of the human brain mostly derives from experimental studies on non-human primates, sheep, and rodents. However, these studies may not completely simulate all the features of human brain development as a result of species differences and variations in pre- and postnatal brain maturation. Therefore, it is important to supplement the in vivo animal models to increase the possibility that preclinical studies have appropriate relevance for potential future human trials. Three-dimensional brain organoid culture technology could complement in vivo animal studies to enhance the translatability of the preclinical animal studies and the understanding of brain-related disorders. In this review, we focus on the development of a model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury using human brain organoids to complement the translation from animal experiments to human pathophysiology. We also discuss how the development of these tools provides potential opportunities to study fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury including differences in the responses between males and females.
Mathematical Theory of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamics Driven by Non-conservative Boundary Conditions
Authors: Feireisl Eduard , Gwiazda Piotr , Kwon Young-Sam , Świerczewska-Gwiazda Agnieszka 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe propose a new concept of weak solution to the equations of compressible magnetohydrodynamics driven by ihomogeneous boundary data. The system of the underlying field equations is solvable globally in time in the out of equilibrium regime characteristic for turbulence. The weak solutions comply with the weak–strong uniqueness principle; they coincide with the classical solution of the problem as long as the latter exists. The choice of constitutive relations is motivated by applications in stellar magnetoconvection.
The influence of illumination regimes on the structure of ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) community composition in urban habitats
Authors: Stukalyuk S. , Maák I. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe reliance on visual cues can vary among ant species living in different habitats, and is mostly influenced by the level of ambient illumination and the morphological adaptations of ant species that can determine their period of daily activity. Thus, different illumination regimes might affect ant community composition in habitats with different ambient illumination intensities. Despite this, in the literature, information is scarce about the effects of ambient illumination on ant activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of ambient illumination intensity on the activity of ant species and their community composition under herbaceous and woody plants in 24 localities from Kyiv and Kyiv region, Ukraine. Our results showed that the ambient illumination properties of the habitat type affect the presence of ant species and the activity of their workers. In open habitats, the maximum ambient illumination had a negative effect, whereas in closed, woody habitats the maximum ambient illumination and tree circumference generally had a positive effect on the number of non-dendrobiotic ant individuals found on individual plants. The dendrobiotic species were less affected by the maximum illumination intensity. Although, in closed habitats, the effect of the previous variables and their interaction had species-specific aspects. Based on the former, we can tell that more structured forest habitats can provide broader illumination intensity ranges, allowing more ant species to coexist. However, similar illumination intensity ranges can lead to overlaps in the activity of ant species under the same illumination conditions, especially in open habitats. The outcomes of these interactions are highly influenced by larger trees that besides lowering illumination intensities, can enhance ant worker activity and promote species coexistence.
Quadriceps tendon autograft has similar clinical outcomes when compared to hamstring tendon and bone–patellar tendon–bone autografts for revision ACL reconstruction: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ashy Cody , Bailey Evan , Hutchinson Joshua , Brennan Emily , Bailey Rachel , Michael Pullen William , Xerogeanes John W. , Slone Harris S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeResearch regarding revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RACLR) with quadriceps tendon (QT) autografts is lacking. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of RACLR with QT and compare its patient outcomes to RACLR with hamstring tendon (HT) and bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autografts.MethodsAdhering to PRISMA guidelines, a search for studies using QT in RACLR was performed within PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL from database date of inception through December 26, 2022. Primary outcomes sought included: failure rate, Lysholm scores, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, IKDC grades, arthrometric knee side‐to‐side differences (STSD), pivot shift grade, donor site morbidity, return to sport, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores.ResultsNine studies were included consisting of 606 RACLR: 349 QT, 169 HT, and 88 BTB. Overall failure rates were 7.6% QT, 13.3% HT, and 8.7% BTB. Mean weighted Lysholm scores were 85.8 ± 3.8 QT, 82.5 ± 3.8 HT and 86.6 ± 4.5 BTB. IKDC average scores were 82.3 ± 1.6 QT, 80.1 ± 1.7 HT, and 81.7 ± 5.5BTB. Combined rates of IKDC A/B grades were 88.4% and 80.0% for QT and HT, respectively. VAS average scores were 0.9 ± 1.1 QT, 1.4 ± 0.2 HT, and 0.7 ± 0.8 for BTB. Side‐to‐side difference was reported for QT and HT with average values of 1.7 ± 0.6 mm and 2.1 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. Grade 0 or 1 pivot shifts were reported in 96.2% of QT patients and 91.3% of HT. Donor site morbidity, only reported for QT and HT, was 14.6 ± 9.7% and 23.6 ± 14.1%, respectively. QT resulted in a mean Tegner score of 5.9 ± 1.5 versus HT 5.7 ± 1.5. Rate of return to pivoting sports was 38.0% QT, 48.6% HT, and 76.9% BTB. Across all outcomes, there was no significant difference when comparing QT to HT, QT to BTB, and QT compared to HT and BTB combined.ConclusionsRACLR with QT yields satisfactory patient reported outcomes, satisfactory improvement in knee laxity, expected return to sport rates, and has an overall 7.6% failure rate. Outcomes are comparative to those of HT and BTB making it an acceptable graft choice for RACLR. Surgeons should consider using QT autograft for RACLR, especially when other autografts are unavailable.Level of evidenceIV.
Asymptotic profiles for inhomogeneous heat equations with memory
Authors: Cortázar Carmen , Quirós Fernando , Wolanski Noemí 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study the large-time behavior in all $$L^p$$

L
p

norms of solutions to an inhomogeneous nonlocal heat equation in $${\mathbb {R}}^N$$

R

N

involving a Caputo $$\alpha $$
α
-time derivative and a power $$\beta $$
β
of the Laplacian when the dimension is large, $$N> 4\beta $$

N
>
4
β

. The asymptotic profiles depend strongly on the space-time scale and on the time behavior of the spatial $$L^1$$

L
1

norm of the forcing term.
Superior metal artifact reduction of tin-filtered low-dose CT in imaging of lumbar spinal instrumentation compared to conventional computed tomography
Authors: Stern Christoph , Wanivenhaus Florian , Rosskopf Andrea B. , Farshad Mazda , Sutter Reto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Objective
To compare the image quality of low-dose CT (LD-CT) with tin filtration of the lumbar spine after metal implants to standard clinical CT, and to evaluate the potential for metal artifact and dose reduction.

Materials and methods
CT protocols were optimized in a cadaver torso. Seventy-four prospectively included patients with metallic lumbar implants were scanned with both standard CT (120 kV) and tin-filtered LD-CT (Sn140kV). CT dose parameters and qualitative measures (1 = worst,4 = best) were compared. Quantitative measures included noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and the width and attenuation of the most prominent hypodense metal artifact. Standard CT and LD-CT were assessed for imaging findings.

Results
Tin-filtered LD-CT was performed with 60% dose saving compared to standard CT (median effective dose 3.22 mSv (quartile 1–3: 2.73–3.49 mSv) versus 8.02 mSv (6.42–9.27 mSv; p < .001). Image quality of CT and tin-filtered low-dose CT was good with excellent depiction of anatomy, while image noise was lower for CT and artifacts were weaker for tin-filtered LD-CT. Quantitative measures also revealed increased noise for tin-filtered low-dose CT (41.5HU), lower SNR (2) and CNR (0.6) compared to CT (32HU,3.55,1.03, respectively) (all p < .001). However, tin-filtered LD-CT performed superior regarding the width and attenuation of hypodense metal artifacts (2.9 mm and -767.5HU for LD-CT vs. 4.1 mm and -937HU for CT; all p < .001). No difference between methods was observed in detection of imaging findings.

Conclusion
Tin-filtered LD-CT with 60% dose saving performs comparable to standard CT in detection of pathology and surgery related complications after lumbar spinal instrumentation, and shows superior metal artifact reduction.
The effects of egg incubation temperature and parental cross on the swimming activity of juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta
Authors: Greenberg Larry A. , Filipsson Karl , Bergman Eva , Jonsson Bror 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPersonality varies among individuals and is influenced by the environment. Here, we tested the hypothesis that egg incubation temperature had carry-over effects on swimming activity of juvenile brown trout,Salmo trutta. Eggs from different crosses involving anadromous and lacustrine-adfluvial parents were incubated under two temperature regimes, unheated (cold) or heated c. 2.5 °C above ambient temperature (warm), until first exogenous feeding. In the laboratory, we used open-field tests to quantify swimming activity in a new environment, and mirror-image tests to measure time spent swimming and resting motionless near a mirror, measures often used as proxies for aggression. These tests were conducted for two cohorts, with one tested in June 2018 and the other in June and August 2019, enabling us to test for repeatability and if differences persisted over the summer. In June, when adjusting for differences in body size between cold- and warm-incubated trout, we found that juvenile trout incubated as embryos at cold temperatures showed more swimming activity and took less time to initiate swimming for their size than those incubated in warm water. There were also body size and year effects but no effects of parental cross. For August, none of the incubation temperature effects observed in June persisted, but cold-incubated trout spent a larger proportion of their time motionless near the mirror than warm-incubated trout and there was a general body size effect on time to initiate swimming. The lack of any persistent effects of incubation temperature between June and August suggests that the effect is ephemeral. Notwithstanding, these results support the hypothesis that incubation temperature has short-term effects on activity of juvenile of brown trout during their first summer.Significance StatementWe studied the effect of embryonic temperature on juvenile fish behavior, focusing on swimming activity under different conditions. Brown trout eggs were incubated under two temperature regimes, cold and warm. We show that juvenile trout originating from cold conditions as embryos spent a greater proportion of time swimming and less time to initiate swimming than trout originating from warm conditions. These effects were present in June but not August, which suggests that the effect is short-lived, and occurs during the first summer when mortality of juveniles is high. The duration of the effects needs further study as our previous studies have shown persistent embryonic temperature effects on metabolism, body shape, reproductive potential and emigration of subsequent life stages of salmonids. These results also have bearing on ongoing climate change as even small differences in embryonic temperature may have ecological consequences for subsequent life stages.
Predictors for improvement in patient-reported outcomes: post hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized, open-label study of eculizumab and ravulizumab in complement inhibitor-naive patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Schrezenmeier Hubert , Kulasekararaj Austin , Mitchell Lindsay , de Latour Régis Peffault , Devos Timothy , Okamoto Shinichiro , Wells Richard , Popoff Evan , Cheung Antoinette , Wang Alice , Tomazos Ioannis , Patel Yogesh , Lee Jong Wook 
Published: October 2023

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by uncontrolled terminal complement activation leading to intravascular hemolysis (IVH), thrombosis, and impairments in quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to identify the clinical drivers of improvement in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with PNH receiving the complement component 5 (C5) inhibitors eculizumab and ravulizumab.This post hoc analysis assessed clinical outcomes and PROs from 246 complement inhibitor-naive patients with PNH enrolled in a phase 3 randomized non-inferiority study that compared the C5 inhibitors ravulizumab and eculizumab (study 301; NCT02946463). The variables of interest were lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, a surrogate measure of IVH, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. PROs were collected using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue (FACIT-F) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Quality of Life Questionnaire—Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) to assess fatigue and QoL, respectively.Improvements in absolute mean LDH levels were significantly associated with improvements in mean FACIT-F score (p = 0.0024) and EORTC QLQ-C30 global health (GH) score (p < 0.0001) from baseline to day 183. Improvements in scores were achieved despite a non-significant increase in Hb levels. To understand the interaction between LDH and Hb, a regression analysis was performed: LDH response with Hb improvements was a significant predictor of improvement in fatigue. The independent effect of improved Hb did not significantly affect FACIT-F or EORTC QLQ-C30 GH scores.These findings suggest that LDH levels are an important determinant of fatigue and QoL outcomes in patients with PNH. CTR: NCT02946463, October 27, 2016.
Ten years of gadolinium retention and deposition: ESMRMB-GREC looks backward and forward
Authors: van der Molen Aart J. , Quattrocchi Carlo C. , Mallio Carlo A. , Dekkers Ilona A. ,   for the European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Biology Gadolinium Research, Educational Committee (ESMRMB-GREC)
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In 2014, for the first time, visible hyperintensities on unenhanced T1-weighted images in the nucleus dentatus and globus pallidus of the brain were associated with previous Gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) injections and gadolinium deposition in patients with normal renal function. This led to a frenzy of retrospective studies with varying methodologies that the European Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine and Biology Gadolinium Research and Educational Committee (ESMRMB-GREC) summarised in 2019. Now, after 10 years, the members of the ESMRMB-GREC look backward and forward and review the current state of knowledge of gadolinium retention and deposition.

Clinical relevance statement
Gadolinium deposition is associated with the use of linear GBCA but no clinical symptoms have been associated with gadolinium deposition.

Key Points
• Traces of Gadolinium-based contrast agent-derived gadolinium can be retained in multiple organs for a prolonged time.
• Gadolinium deposition is associated with the use of linear Gadolinium-based contrast agents.
• No clinical symptoms have been associated with gadolinium deposition.
Thin-film assembly via encapsulation of nano-aluminum oxide-linked-pb(II)-2,4-dinitroaniline complex into a polymeric matrix as efficient radiation shielding materials
Authors: Hussein E. M. Abou , Madbouly A. M. , Allam Elhassan A. , Mahmoud Mohamed E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRadiation safety and protection is a subject of major concern for all communities because of the biological damage caused by different radiation sources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is aimed to synthesize two different thin films from a newly synthesized N-Al2O3@Pb(II)-2,4-DiNA nanocomposite which was prepared by the direct chemical coupling of nano-aluminum oxide (N-Al2O3) with Pb(II)-2,4-dinitroaniline complex. The synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope SEM, and elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The two thin films were assembled by the encapsulation of N-Al2O3@Pb(II)-2,4-DiNAnanocompositeinto hydrolyzed polyurethane and hydrolyzed polyvinyl chloride. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements have been used to investigate the newly prepared nanocomposite and thin films before and after gamma irradiation. Gamma spectroscopy, Phy-X software, and SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) Monte Carlo simulation code are aimed to apply and investigate radiation shielding efficiency of films for gamma/x-ray, protons, alpha, and thermal neutrons. The gamma shielding characteristics, mass stopping power (MSP), and range for both proton (H-ions) and alpha (He-ions) were also calculated. In addition, the SRIM code’s subroutine TRIM was used to predict the damage production and atomic displacements per atom (dpa) caused by the interaction of high-energy H-ions (proton) and He-ions (alpha) with the studied samples. The data obtained the good radiation shielding effect of the prepared thin films and their possible use as radiation shielding materials for X-rays and low gamma energy.
A weighted average limited information maximum likelihood estimator
Authors: Qasim Muhammad 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this article, a Stein-type weighted limited information maximum likelihood (LIML) estimator is proposed. It is based on a weighted average of the ordinary least squares (OLS) and LIML estimators, with weights inversely proportional to the Hausman test statistic. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimator is derived by means of local-to-exogenous asymptotic theory. In addition, the asymptotic risk of the Stein-type LIML estimator is calculated, and it is shown that the risk is strictly smaller than the risk of the LIML under certain conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation and an empirical application of a green patent dataset from Nordic countries are used to demonstrate the superiority of the Stein-type LIML estimator to the OLS, two-stage least squares, LIML and combined estimators when the number of instruments is large.
Long-term climate change impacts on regional sterodynamic sea level statistics analyzed from the MPI-ESM large ensemble simulation
Authors: Nandini-Weiss Sri D. , Ojha S. , Köhl A. , Jungclaus J. H. , Stammer D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStatistics of regional sterodynamic sea level variability are analyzed in terms of probability density functions of a 100-member ensemble of monthly mean sea surface height (SSH) timeseries simulated with the low-resolution Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble. To analyze the impact of climate change on sea level statistics, fields of SSH variability, skewness and excess kurtosis representing the historical period 1986–2005 are compared with similar fields from projections for the period 2081–2100 under moderate (RCP4.5) and strong (RCP8.5) climate forcing conditions. Larger deviations of the models SSH statistics from Gaussian are limited to the western and eastern tropical Pacific. Under future climate warming conditions, SSH variability of the western tropical Pacific appear more Gaussian in agreement with weaker zonal easterly wind stress pulses, suggesting a reduced El Niño Southern Oscillation activity in the western warm pool region. SSH variability changes show a complex amplitude pattern with some regions becoming less variable, e.g., off the eastern coast of the north American continent, while other regions become more variable, notably the Southern Ocean. A west (decrease)-east (increase) contrast in variability changes across the subtropical Atlantic under RCP8.5 forcing is related to changes in the gyre circulation and a declining Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in response to external forcing changes. In addition to global mean sea-level rise of 16 cm for RCP4.5 and 24 cm for RCP8.5, we diagnose regional changes in the tails of the probability density functions, suggesting a potential increased in variability-related extreme sea level events under global warmer conditions.
Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: a prospective analysis of 356,000 participants in seven European countries
Authors: Tong Tammy Y. N. , Clarke Robert , Schmidt Julie A. , Huybrechts Inge , Noor Urwah , Forouhi Nita G. , Imamura Fumiaki , Travis Ruth C. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Aleksandrova Krasimira , Dahm Christina C. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Overvad Kim , Kyrø Cecilie , Tjønneland Anne , Kaaks Rudolf , Katzke Verena , Schiborn Catarina , Schulze Matthias B. , Mayen-Chacon Ana-Lucia , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , de Magistris Maria Santucci , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Boer Jolanda M. A. , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Brustad Magritt , Nøst Therese Haugdahl , Crous-Bou Marta , Petrova Dafina , Amiano Pilar , Huerta José María , Moreno-Iribas Conchi , Engström Gunnar , Melander Olle , Johansson Kristina , Lindvall Kristina , Aglago Elom K. , Heath Alicia K. , Butterworth Adam S. , Danesh John , Key Timothy J. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Previously reported associations of protein-rich foods with stroke subtypes have prompted interest in the assessment of individual amino acids. We examined the associations of dietary amino acids with risks of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in the EPIC study.

Methods
We analysed data from 356,142 participants from seven European countries. Dietary intakes of 19 individual amino acids were assessed using validated country-specific dietary questionnaires, calibrated using additional 24-h dietary recalls. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke in relation to the intake of each amino acid. The role of blood pressure as a potential mechanism was assessed in 267,642 (75%) participants.

Results
After a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 4295 participants had an ischaemic stroke and 1375 participants had a haemorrhagic stroke. After correction for multiple testing, a higher intake of proline (as a percent of total protein) was associated with a 12% lower risk of ischaemic stroke (HR per 1 SD higher intake 0.88; 95% CI 0.82, 0.94). The association persisted after mutual adjustment for all other amino acids, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The inverse associations of isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, glutamic acid, serine and tyrosine with ischaemic stroke were each attenuated with adjustment for proline intake. For haemorrhagic stroke, no statistically significant associations were observed in the continuous analyses after correcting for multiple testing.

Conclusion
Higher proline intake may be associated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke, independent of other dietary amino acids and blood pressure.