bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Film Music: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Kalinak Kathryn 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Film Music: A Very Short Introduction focuses on the most central issues in the practice of film music. What is film music? How is it composed? How does film music work? Why does film music work? The rich and deeply moving sounds of film music are as old as cinema. The very first projected moving images were accompanied by music around the globe as a variety of performers—from single piano players to small orchestras—brought images to life. Film music has since become its own industry, an aesthetic platform for expressing creative visions, and a commercial vehicle for generating increased revenue. The second edition updates coverage to 2022 and includes attention to recent developments in global film music, women in film music, and African American and minority composers.
The chief justice
Authors: Greenhouse Linda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chief justice is not mentioned in the judicial article of the Constitution (Article III), but “The chief justice” demonstrates how the role has grown in importance over time. It is a multifaceted role, like that of a chief executive of a company. A traditional legal background is not necessarily the best preparation. Some chief justices believed that casting one of the nine votes in a case is still one of their most useful functions. It was a chief justice, William Howard Taft, who decided that the Supreme Court’s caseload should be decided on a discretionary basis, putting the Court in a position to dictate America’s legal agenda.
The Court and the world
Authors: Greenhouse Linda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
When the Framers set the Supreme Court in motion, they had no template for what they were about to create. “The Court and the world” demonstrates that other countries were able to use the Supreme Court for inspiration, and many have done so. What they have chosen to take and leave from the Court’s example is instructive. Lifetime tenure is exceedingly rare outside the United States, with most European courts preferring nine- or ten-year appointments and aiming for unanimity rather than majority. While specific knowledge about the Court is limited, the U.S. Supreme Court still holds a place in the public imagination.
Association of Pulse Pressure Fluctuation During Hospitalization With Adverse Outcomes Within 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Jintao , Zhu Zhengbao , Peng Yanbo , Liu Yang , Wang Ruirui , Shi Mengyao , Wang Aili , Xu Tian , Peng Hao , Xu Tan , Chen Jing , Zhang Yonghong , He Jiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pulse pressure (PP) depends on heart function and arterial wall elasticity, which is closely related to the incidence of ischemic stroke. However, the association of PP fluctuation during hospitalization with adverse outcomes after ischemic stroke remains unclear.

METHODS
The present study included 3,971 patients with ischemic stroke. The primary outcome was the composite outcome of death or vascular events within 3 months after ischemic stroke. PP fluctuation was reflected by successive variation of PP (PP-SV).

RESULTS
The cumulative incidence rates of the primary outcome were the highest in the patients in the highest quartiles of PP-SV (P &lt; 0.05). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the primary outcome in the highest quartiles were 1.86 (1.03–3.38) for death or vascular events, and 2.15 (1.06–4.37) for vascular events (all Ptrend &lt; 0.05). Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses showed linear associations of PP-SV during hospitalization with the primary outcome (P for linearity &lt;0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Large PP fluctuation during hospitalization was associated with increased risks of adverse outcomes within 3 months after ischemic stroke, which provided valuable new insight for blood pressure management in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. Controlling PP fluctuation may be contributing to improving prognosis after ischemic stroke.
Is there evidence of convergent displacement of characters in the release calls of Cuban species of the genus Peltophryne (Anura: Bufonidae)?
Authors: del Castillo Domínguez Sergio L , Alonso Bosch Roberto 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Anuran release calls are produced by females and males in response to mating attempts by other males. The efficiency of the release signal to initiate dismount ensures that amplexus is not prolonged, avoiding exposure to predation and increasing the time available for breeding opportunities. Convergent character displacement of release calls may facilitate interspecific communication. In this contribution, we described and compared the release calls of sexually active males of four endemic species of Cuban toads of the genus Peltophryne in allopatric and sympatric conditions, exploring possible evidence of convergent displacement in areas of sympatry. One of these species, Peltophryne peltocephala, is widely distributed in the Cuban archipelago, with contact areas with two other species of large toads. Convergent character displacement requires that the allopatric character states of the species are significantly different from each other, and the sympatric character states are not significantly different. Although significant differences were detected between pairs of different species, in terms of duration of call sequence, call duration, interval between calls and dominant frequency, we did not find a robust pattern consistent with the expected pattern of convergent displacement of acoustic characters. Almost all call variability of allopatric populations fell inside the variability of sympatric populations.
Phosphatases modified by LH signaling in ovarian follicles: testing their role in regulating the NPR2 guanylyl cyclase
Authors: Egbert Jeremy R , Silbern Ivan , Uliasz Tracy F , Lowther Katie M , Yee Siu-Pok , Urlaub Henning , Jaffe Laurinda A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), multiple proteins in rat and mouse granulosa cells are rapidly dephosphorylated, but the responsible phosphatases remain to be identified. Because the phosphorylation state of phosphatases can regulate their interaction with substrates, we searched for phosphatases that might function in LH signaling by using quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified all proteins in rat ovarian follicles whose phosphorylation state changed detectably in response to a 30-min exposure to LH, and within this list, identified protein phosphatases or phosphatase regulatory subunits that showed changes in phosphorylation. Phosphatases in the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family were of particular interest because of their requirement for dephosphorylating the natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) guanylyl cyclase in the granulosa cells, which triggers oocyte meiotic resumption. Among the PPP family regulatory subunits, PPP1R12A and PPP2R5D showed the largest increases in phosphorylation, with 4–10 fold increases in signal intensity on several sites. Although follicles from mice in which these phosphorylations were prevented by serine-to-alanine mutations in either Ppp1r12a or Ppp2r5d showed normal LH-induced NPR2 dephosphorylation, these regulatory subunits and others could act redundantly to dephosphorylate NPR2. Our identification of phosphatases and other proteins whose phosphorylation state is rapidly modified by LH provides clues about multiple signaling pathways in ovarian follicles.
Targeted mutation and inactivation of the kinesin light chain 3 protein-encoding gene have no impact on mouse fertility
Authors: Daniel-Carlier Nathalie , Castille Johan , Passet Bruno , Vilotte Marthe , Le Danvic Christelle , Jaffrezic Florence , Beauvallet Christian , Péchoux Christine , Capitan Aurélien , Vilotte Jean-luc 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The kinesin light chain 3 protein (KLC3) is the only member of the kinesin light chain protein family that was identified in post-meiotic mouse male germ cells. It plays a role in the formation of the sperm midpiece through its association with both spermatid mitochondria and outer dense fibers (ODF). Previous studies showed a significant correlation between its expression level and sperm motility and quantitative semen parameters in humans, while the overexpression of a KLC3-mutant protein unable to bind ODF also affected the same traits in mice. To further assess the role of KLC3 in fertility, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in mice and investigated the phenotypes induced by the invalidation of the gene or of a functional domain of the protein. Both approaches gave similar results, i.e. no detectable change in male or female fertility. Testis histology, litter size and sperm count were not altered. Apart from the line-dependent alterations of Klc3 mRNA levels, testicular transcriptome analysis did not reveal any other changes in the genes tested. Western analysis supported the absence of KLC3 in the gonads of males homozygous for the inactivating mutation and a strong decrease in expression in males homozygous for the allele lacking one out of the five tetratricopeptide repeats. Overall, these observations raise questions about the supposedly critical role of this kinesin in reproduction, at least in mice where its gene mutation or inactivation did not translate into fertility impairment.
Quality of DNA extracted from freshwater fish scales and mucus and its application in genetic diversity studies of Perca fluviatilis and Rutilus rutilus
Authors: Ignatavičienė Ieva , Ragauskas Adomas , Rakauskas Vytautas , Butkauskas Dalius 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Studies on genetic diversity require biological material containing a reliable source of DNA that can be extracted and analyzed. Recently, non-invasive sampling has become a preferred sampling method of biological material. The suitability of a less invasive approach that involves obtaining samples by swabbing the fish skin (including live, non-anesthetized fish) should be considered. In this study, we compared the efficiency of DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of mtDNA fragments of two fish species Perca fluviatilis and Rutilus rutilus based on DNA collected from the scales and mucus using the modified Aljanabi and Martinez method. The results revealed a higher quality of DNA extracted from the mucus; however, the mean DNA concentration obtained from the scales of both fish species was higher. We verified the method suitable for amplification and sequencing of mtDNA fragments of both fish species using newly designed markers (D-loop, ATP6) and examined the potential risk of intraspecific cross-contamination. The DNA sequence alignment analysis revealed identical sequences attributed to the same individual when DNA, extracted from two different sources (scales and mucus), was used. We demonstrated that the quantity and quality of DNA extracted from the scales and mucus using the proposed method were high enough to carry out genetic diversity studies based on sampling of live fish with the possibility to release it after collecting samples.
Invariant natural killer T cells and incidence of first-time coronary events: a nested case-control study
Authors: Tomas Lukas , Katra Pernilla , Badn Wiaam , Andersson Linda , Nilsson Jan , Schiopu Alexandru , Engelbertsen Daniel , Gonçalves Isabel , Bengtsson Eva , Björkbacka Harry 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a T cell subset that is CD1d-restricted and expresses a semi-invariant T cell receptor, have been proposed to contribute to dyslipidaemia-driven cardiovascular disease due to their ability to specifically recognize lipid antigens. Studies in mice have attributed pro-atherogenic properties to iNKT cells, but studies in humans investigating associations of iNKT cells with incident coronary events (CE) are lacking.

Methods and results
Here, we used flow cytometry to enumerate circulating iNKT cells (CD3+ CD1d-PBS57-Tetramer+) in a case-control cohort nested within the prospective population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (n = 416) to explore associations with incident first-time CE during a median follow-up of 14 years. We found a significant inverse association between CD4− and CD8− double negative (DN) iNKT cells and incident CE, with an odds ratio of 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.99; P = 0.046] comparing the highest vs. the lowest tertile of DN iNKT cells. The association remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors with an odds ratio of 0.57 (95% CI 0.33–0.99; P = 0.046). In contrast, total iNKT cells were not significantly associated with incident CE after adjustment, with an odds ratio of 0.74 (95% CI 0.43–1.27; P = 0.276).

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that animal studies suggesting an atherosclerosis-promoting role for iNKT cells may not translate to human cardiovascular disease as our data show an association between high circulating numbers of DN iNKT cells and decreased risk of incident CE.
The Boss is Watching: How Monitoring Decisions Hurt Black Workers
Authors: Cavounidis Costas , Lang Kevin , Weinstein Russell 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
African Americans face shorter employment durations than similar Whites. We hypothesise that employers discriminate in acquiring or acting on ability-relevant information. In our model, monitoring Black, but not White, workers is self-sustaining. New Black hires were more likely fired by previous employers after monitoring. This reduces firms’ beliefs about ability, incentivising discriminatory monitoring. We confirm our predictions that layoffs are initially higher for Black than non-Black workers, but that they converge with seniority and decline more with the Armed Forces Qualification Test for Black workers. Two additional predictions, lower lifetime incomes and longer unemployment durations for Black workers, have known empirical support.
Early and long-term outcomes of young adult patients ≤30 years old with acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Xie Qiang , Zhong Yongliang , Xu Qinfeng , Wang Jianji , Ge Yipeng , Li Chengnan , Sun Lizhong , Zhu Junming 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to investigate the early and long-term outcomes after total arch replacement (TAR) and frozen elephant trunk (FET) implantation in adult patients ≤30 years with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).

METHODS
All young adult patients (≤30 years) with ATAAD who underwent TAR and FET between 2009 and 2017 were enrolled. The end points were major organ morbidity and mortality, aortic-related events and reoperation.

RESULTS
The mean age of all 83 patients was 25.9 (standard deviation, 3.3) years. The in-hospital mortality was 9.64% (8/83), and 9 (10.8%) patients required re-exploration for bleeding. The aortic-related events risk was 42.7% (32/75) and the aortic reoperation risk was 17.3% (13/75). Overall survival was 85.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 75.9–91.5%] at 5 years and 75.9% (95% CI, 63.3–84.7%) at 10 years. The cumulative incidence of aortic-related events was 35% (95% CI, 24–47%) at 5 years and 58% (95% CI, 36–75%) at 10 years; the cumulative reoperation rate was 15% (95% CI, 7.9–24%) at 5 years and 17% (95% CI, 9.2–27%) at 10 years. Marfan syndrome significantly increased the aortic-related events (P = 0.036) and reoperation (P = 0.041) risks.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite extensive repair in young ATAAD patients, the late aortic dilatation and reoperation risk remain high. The TAR and FET procedures achieved satisfactory early outcomes and reduced late aortic dilatation and reoperation in young patients compared with other records. Close follow-up and aggressive early reintervention are essential for patients with aortic-related risk factors early in life.
A sandwich resonant bar method with transfer matrices for measuring the elastic parameters of rock at low frequency
Authors: Li Jiahui , Chen Dehua , Wang Yu , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Rocks and other geological materials have appreciable dispersion in their elastic properties. Rock elastic parameters within the same frequency range as the logging frequency band (1–20 kHz) should be determined to facilitate reservoir prediction and interpretation of logging data. This study suggests a technique for determining the elastic characteristics of rock cores at low frequencies using a sandwich resonant bar by integrating transfer matrices into the one-dimensional transmission model. The frequency response expression of the sandwich resonant bar is derived analytically and then the response is simulated accurately based on this expression. Numerical results show that the first two-order longitudinal resonance frequencies are approximately linearly related to the inverse of the sample's Young's modulus and the density, respectively. In addition, an inversion algorithm based on Gauss–Newton iteration, which converges faster and more efficiently, is proposed in this paper. The residuals between the model's first two resonant frequencies and the simulated results are used as the error function, and the elasticity parameters that minimize the error function are the best estimate for creating the model. This research is valuable for measuring rock elastic parameters accurately in the kilohertz range, which is of practical significance in dispersion-related studies relating to rock cores.
Airway Fire
Authors: Balduyeu Pavel , Loeb Robert G. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
An airway fire is a surgical fire that occurs in a patient’s airway and may or may not include a fire in the attached breathing circuit. It is estimated that 217 to 650 operating room fires occur each year in the United States, with as many as 5% to 10% associated with serious injury or death. Airway fires are particularly harmful to patients, constituting approximately 21% of all surgical fires and the majority of surgical fires that result in death. A fire requires three components known as the “fire triad”: an oxidizer, an ignition source, and a fuel. The earliest signs of a fire are seeing a flash, hearing a pop, or smelling smoke. The major steps in the management of an airway fire are to extinguish the fire, stabilize the patient, and assess the patient’s airway for fire damage to decide whether the patient needs to be intubated and remain intubated.
One-Lung Ventilation
Authors: Nwajuaku Patricia , Hegland Dustin L. , Goldstein Joseph C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
One-lung ventilation is required in a variety of thoracic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, and neurological spine surgeries. It is important to be aware of the relative and absolute indications for lung isolation, and it is prudent to individualize the technique to the patient and surgery. Successfully initiating and maintaining one-lung isolation can be accomplished through a variety of techniques, all of which require nuanced procedural skill and insightful troubleshooting. Knowledge of the tracheal-bronchial anatomy and a sound understanding of ventilation and perfusion concepts, as well as a methodical approach to troubleshooting, are required when faced with challenging clinical circumstances. Common problems include difficulties with placement of double-lumen tubes or endobronchial blocking devices with or without the added challenges of a difficult airway. Achieving and maintaining adequate functional placement of the selected device requires a certain knowledge of the tracheal-bronchial anatomy and its variations. During one-lung ventilation, hypoxemia (usually defined as desaturation with SpO2 values of less than 90% and/or PaO2 values of less than 60 mmHg), hypercarbia, and hemodynamic instability frequently require swift intervention to ensure optimal care.
Management of Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Redding Amanda , Hassid Marc , Smith Ryan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
While intraoperative arrhythmias are common, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are potentially life-threatening arrhythmias that originate in ventricular structures. Ventricular tachycardia is defined as three or more consecutive ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) with a rate of at least 100 beats per minute, and may present with stable or unstable physiology. It is considered sustained if it persists for at least 30 seconds. Stable or asymptomatic ventricular tachycardia affords the caregiver time for diagnosis, consultation, and formulation of a treatment plan, while unstable or symptomatic ventricular tachycardia requires emergent intervention. Unstable ventricular tachycardia is diagnosed by signs of decreased cardiac output and will typically present with a heart rate of at least 150 beats per minute. Ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia should be treated immediately with defibrillation and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) to try to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).
Tension Pneumothorax
Authors: Desmond Matthew , Zasimovich Yury 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Tension pneumothorax is an emergency that requires timely diagnosis and management to prevent mortality. Any procedure that may violate the pleura can cause a pneumothorax, such as nerve blocks and surgical procedures in that area. Others are prone to pneumothorax simply due to their anatomy and physiology, including neonates undergoing mechanical ventilation, tall adolescents, and older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Every anesthesiologist should be familiar with tension pneumothorax, which may present after the initiation of artificial, positive pressure ventilation. Here the approach is presented, including step-by-step guidance for needle decompression and definitive drain placement. The use of ultrasound is emphasized. Ultrasound is extremely useful for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The rapid, sequential decision-making necessary to treat the disease in an optimal manner is presented chronologically. Thus, the latest thinking regarding ultrasound guidance; small-bore and conventional, open thoracostomy tube placement; and postprocedure management—and the reasoning underlying the treatment options—is discussed.
Post-Tonsillectomy Bleeding
Authors: Battles Rhae , Ching Adrian , Gonzalez Sandra , Mehta Sonia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is a potentially life-threatening complication after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy that can be challenging to manage for even the most experienced anesthesia providers. The problem of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage is multifaceted, and the anesthesiologist is often tasked with coordinating the management of the difficult airway, airway obstruction and respiratory compromise, potential aspiration, fluid resuscitation, hemodynamic instability, and maintaining effective lines of communication between the anesthesia team, surgeons, emergency department providers, nursing, and operating room staff. While the problem of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage primarily presents in the pediatric population, we will also address management in adult patients and highlight the steps wherein the diagnostic and therapeutic options diverge. In reviewing this chapter, the reader should be provided with a concise yet detailed approach to managing the patient presenting with post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage.