bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on stress distribution and migration of the overburden during the mining process in deep coal seam mining
Authors: Ma Shoulong , Zhang Mingwei , Ma Lu , Tian Zhuangcai , Li Xue , Su Zhenhao , Bian Sicheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoal mining has a significant impact on the movement of the overburden, leading to potential safety hazards in the working face. In this paper, a similarity simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the migration of overburden during the mining process of a specific working face in the Liuzhuang Coal Mine located in southern China. Sand and gravel were used to simulate the geological environment of each rock stratum. The deformation of the stratum was monitored using strain gauges, the fracture and displacement changes of the overburden stratum were recorded using cameras, and the characteristics of roof collapse was monitored using infrared thermal imager. The experimental model fully simulated the situation of the working face, and the actual working face size was obtained by enlarging the model by 100 times. The experiment found that during the initial stage of mining, there was no significant subsidence of the roof. In the course of the advancement of the working face, the primary roof intermittently fractured behind the working face, with subsequent propagation of upper cracks in an upward direction. The overburden rock layer above the goaf experienced continuous compaction, leading to the gradual closure of the separation layer. Simultaneously, new cracks constantly emerged in front of the working face, resulting in the progressive stabilization of the height of the crack zone. The stress measurements at each point exhibit a pattern of initial increased, followed by decrease, and ultimately stabilization. By considering the stress variation law of the overburden rock, the stress changes in key layers of the bedrock during mining could be categorized into four zones: the stress stable zone, stress increasing zone, stress reducing zone, and compaction stable zone. During the initial phase of coal seam mining, the presence of rock layers provided support, resulting in minimal subsidence of the overburden rock. However, as the mining operation progressed, the disturbance force and collapse of the overburden rock leaded to further downward subsidence. When the working face reached the stop line, the collapsed overburden rock gradually consolidates, resulting in a deceleration of energy release and the formation of a pressure relief zone. Consequently, the overburden rock above the working face underwent a slight additional subsidence, reaching its maximum level. A short cantilever rock beam structure was formed in the experiment. This study will provide valuable reference for future coal mining and serve as a vital theoretical basis for roof control in deep coal seam mining.
A Novel Milli-fluidic Liver Tissue Chip with Continuous Recirculation for Predictive Pharmacokinetics Applications
Authors: Rajan Shiny Amala Priya , Sherfey Jason , Ohri Shivam , Nichols Lauren , Smith J. Tyler , Parekh Paarth , Kadar Eugene P. , Clark Frances , George Billy T. , Gregory Lauren , Tess David , Gosset James R. , Liras Jennifer , Geishecker Emily , Obach R. Scott , Cirit Murat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA crucial step in lead selection during drug development is accurate estimation and optimization of hepatic clearance using in vitro methods. However, current methods are limited by factors such as lack of physiological relevance, short culture/incubation times that are not consistent with drug exposure patterns in patients, use of drug absorbing materials, and evaporation during long-term incubation. To address these technological needs, we developed a novel milli-fluidic human liver tissue chip (LTC) that was designed with continuous media recirculation and optimized for hepatic cultures using human primary hepatocytes. Here, we characterized the LTC using a series of physiologically relevant metrics and test compounds to demonstrate that we could accurately predict the PK of both low- and high-clearance compounds. The non-biological characterization indicated that the cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)–based LTC exhibited negligible evaporation and minimal non-specific binding of drugs of varying ionic states and lipophilicity. Biologically, the LTC exhibited functional and polarized hepatic culture with sustained metabolic CYP activity for at least 15 days. This long-term culture was then used for drug clearance studies for low- and high-clearance compounds for at least 12 days, and clearance was estimated for a range of compounds with high in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). We also demonstrated that LTC can be induced by rifampicin, and the culture age had insignificant effect on depletion kinetic and predicted clearance value. Thus, we used advances in bioengineering to develop a novel purpose-built platform with high reproducibility and minimal variability to address unmet needs for PK applications.
Graphical Abstract
A unifying framework for BRST and BRST-related symmetries
Authors: Mandal Bhabani Prasad , Rai Sumit Kumar , Thibes Ronaldo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We propose a general framework to study BRST-related transformations. We investigate different forms of BRST and BRST-related symmetries, realized within a prototypical first-class system, including ordinary BRST, anti-BRST, dual-BRST, anti-dual-BRST and additional sets of new BRST-related symmetries. We identify a precise

discrete group of symmetries of the ghost sector, responsible for connecting the various forms of BRST-related transformations. Their distinct roles in different Hamiltonian and Lagrangian approaches are clarified. As a unifying framework, we use a gauge invariant prototypical first-class system encompassing an extensive class of physical models.
Reconstructing networks via discrete state dynamical data: A mini-review
Authors: Ma Chuang , Wang Huan , Zhang Hai-Feng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The inference of network structure from dynamic data is one of the most challenging scientific problems in network science. To address this issue, researchers have proposed various approaches regarding different types of dynamical data. Since many real evolution processes or social phenomena can be described by discrete state dynamical systems, such as the spreading of epidemic, the evolution of opinions, and the cooperation behaviors, network reconstruction methods driven by discrete state dynamical data were also widely studied. In this letter, we provide a mini-review of recent progresses for reconstructing networks based on discrete state dynamical data. These studies encompass network reconstruction problems where the dynamical processes are known, as well as those where the dynamics are unknown, and extend to the reconstruction of higher-order networks. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field.
Comparison of pre and post Foley catheter Bishop’s Score: A retrospective record review at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Malik Ayesha , Irfan Sheikh , Yousuf Farheen , Amerjee Azra , Naz Sumaira , Virji Safna 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To compare pre and post Foley’s catheter Bishop Score during labour induction.
Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan after approval from ethical review board. All women who underwent induction of labour with Foley’s Catheter at gestation of 37 weeks or more from September 2014-October 2015 were included. Data was entered and analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. The comparison between pre and post Foley’s catheter Bishop Score during labour induction will be calculated by Wilcoxon sign test.
Results: There were 981 cases of inductions of labour, 749 (76.3%) received Foley’s catheter, in combination with prostaglandins and oxytocin. About 68% were vaginal deliveries while 32% underwent C-section. Two third of women had bishop <4. Overall, Bishop score improved significantly in all patients with the catheter however, maximum benefit was seen in patients where the catheter was placed for 10-12 hours.
Conclusion: Foley’s is the better and safer option. In view of our results, It has been recommended to keep the Foley’s for 10-12 hours to get significant improvement in bishop score.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7433
How to cite this: Malik A, Irfan S, Yousuf F, Amerjee A, Naz S, Virji S. Comparison of pre and post Foley catheter Bishop’s Score: A retrospective record review at Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.1.7433
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Blockchain Adoption in a Supply Chain with Manufacturer Market Power
Authors: Iyengar Garud , Saleh Fahad , Sethuraman Jay , Wang Wenjun 
Published: October 2023

We examine a supply chain with a single risk-averse manufacturer who purchases from suppliers and sells to consumers. Within this context, we focus on two channels that drive blockchain adoption by the manufacturer: manufacturer risk aversion and consumer information asymmetry. Regarding the first channel, blockchain enables efficient tracing of defective products so that the manufacturer can selectively recall defective products rather than conducting a full recall. This tracing ability reduces the risk involved in the manufacturer purchasing from multiple suppliers and thereby leads the manufacturer to endogenously diversify across suppliers when blockchain is adopted. The diversification enhances the manufacturer’s welfare due to the manufacturer’s risk aversion and thus drives the manufacturer to adopt blockchain. With regard to the second channel, blockchain stores details from the manufacturing process and reveals them to consumers, thereby ameliorating consumer information asymmetry. This reduction in information asymmetry improves consumer decision making that, in isolation, would enhance consumer welfare. However, the manufacturer responds by increasing the consumer price, thereby transferring potential consumer welfare gains to the manufacturer, and consequently serving as a second channel to drive blockchain adoption by the manufacturer. This paper was accepted by Lin William Cong, finance.
Quantifying rates of Quaternary landscape evolution in Grand Teton National Park using in situ cosmogenic 10Be, 14C, and 36Cl dating
Authors: Lesnek Alia , Licciardi Joseph 
Published: October 2023

In Grand Teton National Park (GTNP), both glacial and tectonic activity have played major roles in shaping the landscape. Here, we evaluate the impacts of late Quaternary Teton Fault slip and subglacial erosion in GTNP. We are in the process of using 10Be surface exposure dating to generate records of time-integrated Teton Fault slip at multiple locations throughout GTNP, which will allow us to assess spatial and temporal patterns tectonic activity over the past ~15 ka. We are also working to determine rates of subglacial erosion through 10Be-14C-36Cl triple isotope dating. The results obtained through this novel combination of cosmogenic nuclide techniques will contribute toward a unified view of landscape evolution in alpine environments.

Featured photo by Bonnie Robinson, taken from the AMK Ranch photo collection.
Scale-Aware Pomegranate Yield Prediction Using UAV Imagery and Machine Learning
Authors: Niu Haoyu , Wang Dong , Ehsani Reza , Chen YangQuan 
Published: October 2023

Highlights

UAV-based remote sensing platform and ML methods for individual tree level yield prediction.

Decision tree ML model had an accuracy of 85% for yield prediction.

Vegetation indices derived from UAV high-resolution imagery were used for yield prediction.

Scale-aware prediction model has great potential for efficient field management.

Abstract. Accurately estimating the yield is one of the most important research projects for orchard management. Growers need to estimate the yield of trees at an early stage to make smart decisions for field management. However, methods to predict the yield at the individual tree level are currently not available because of the complexity and variability of each tree. To improve the accuracy of yield prediction, the authors evaluate the performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based remote sensing system and machine learning (ML) approaches for tree-level pomegranate yield estimation. A lightweight multispectral camera was mounted on the UAV platform to acquire high-resolution images. Eight features were extracted from the UAV images, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the green normalized vegetation index (GNDVI), the red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIre), red-edge triangulated vegetation index (RTVIcore), individual tree canopy size, the modified triangular vegetation index (MTVI2), the chlorophyll index-green (CIg), and the chlorophyll index-rededge (CIre). Correlation coefficients (R2) were calculated between these vegetation indices and tree yield. Classic machine learning approaches were applied with the extracted features to predict the yield at the individual tree level. Results showed that the decision tree classifier had the best prediction performance, with an accuracy of 85%. The study demonstrated the potential of using UAV-based remote sensing methods, coupled with ML algorithms, for pomegranate yield estimation. Predicting the yield at the individual tree level will enable the stakeholders to manage the orchard at different scales, thus improving field management efficiency. Keywords: Machine learning, Remote sensing, UAV, Vegetation index, Yield prediction.
Combining Soil Water Content Data with Computer Simulation Models for Improved Irrigation Scheduling
Authors: Thorp Kelly R. 
Published: October 2023

Highlights

Stand-alone irrigation scheduling models were compared to models combined with soil water content data.

Use of soil water content data reduced irrigation recommendations compared to stand-alone models.

Cotton fiber yield and water productivity were often not significantly impacted by the reduced irrigation amounts.

Weather station aridity and other measurement uncertainties must be addressed to improve the methodology.

Abstract. Irrigation scheduling models can be used to guide irrigation management decisions, but their simulations often deviate from reality. Combining in-season field data with models may improve the simulations, leading to better irrigation decisions and improved agronomic outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate cotton fiber yield and water productivity outcomes from a field trial that compared three computer simulation models for irrigation scheduling: (1) AquaCrop-OSPy (AQC), (2) the CROPGRO-Cotton module within the DSSAT Cropping System Model (CSM), and (3) the pyfao56 evapotranspiration-based, soil water balance model (FAO). Six irrigation scheduling treatments were established, including the three models used as stand-alone scheduling tools (AQC, CSM, and FAO) and the use of the three models in combination with weekly soil water content (SWC) data from neutron moisture meters (AQCSWC, CSMSWC, and FAOSWC). Two cotton varieties were also evaluated (NexGen 3195 and NexGen 4936). The field trial was conducted during the 2021 and 2022 cotton growing seasons at Maricopa, Arizona. Seasonal irrigation amounts were different among irrigation scheduling treatments (p &lt; 0.05), with 9–21% less water recommended for the AQCSWC, CSMSWC, and FAOSWC treatments as compared to AQC, CSM, and FAO. In 2021, the differences in irrigation amount did not lead to any statistical differences in fiber yield among irrigation treatments, but water productivity for the stand-alone CSM model was significantly reduced compared to the other five irrigation treatments (p &lt; 0.05). In 2022, treatments based on soil water content data reduced yield by 15% as compared to stand-alone model treatments, but the reduction was significant only for FAOSWC. Water productivity differences in 2022 were due to the choice of model rather than the inclusion of soil water content data. In both years, the shorter-season cotton variety (NexGen 3195) yielded greater than the longer-season variety (NexGen 4926), and the former achieved greater water productivity than the latter through the yield improvements (p &lt; 0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that combining soil water content data with irrigation scheduling models was useful for reducing irrigation amounts while often maintaining cotton fiber yield and water productivity; however, issues with weather station aridity and other measurement uncertainties must be addressed to improve the methodology. Keywords: Cotton, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation, Management, Sensor, Simulation, Water.
The fibroblast growth factor–Klotho axis at molecular level
Authors: Sun Fuqiang , Liang Panpan , Wang Bo , Liu Wenbo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Klotho is a recently discovered protein that has positive effects on all systems of the body, for example, regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, protecting nerves, delaying aging and so on. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a group of polypeptides that function throughout the body by binding with cell surface FGF receptors (FGFRs). Endocrine FGFs require Klotho as a co-receptor for FGFRs. There is increasing evidence that Klotho participates in calcium and phosphorus regulation and metabolic regulation via the FGF–Klotho axis. Moreover, soluble Klotho can function as a separate hormone to regulate homeostasis on various ion channels and carrier channels on the cell surface. This review mainly explains the molecular basis of the membrane signaling mechanism of Klotho.
Quantification of the lung cancer tumor marker CYFRA 21-1 using protein precipitation, immunoaffinity bottom-up LC-MS/MS
Authors: Genet Sylvia A.A.M. , van den Wildenberg Sebastian A.H. , Broeren Maarten A.C. , van Dongen Joost L.J. , Brunsveld Luc , Scharnhorst Volkher , van de Kerkhof Daan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Numerous studies have proven the potential of cytokeratin 19 fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) detection in the (early) diagnosis and treatment monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Conventional immunoassays for CYFRA 21-1 quantification are however prone to interferences and lack diagnostic sensitivity and standardization. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is an emerging approach based on a different, often superior, detection principle, which may improve the clinical applicability of CYFRA 21-1 in cancer diagnostics. Therefore, we developed and validated a protein precipitation, immunoaffinity (IA) LC-MS/MS assay for quantitative analysis of serum CYFRA 21-1.

Methods
Selective sample preparation was performed using ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation, IA purification, tryptic digestion and LC-MS/MS quantification using a signature peptide and isotopically labeled internal standard. The workflow was optimized and validated according to EMA guidelines and results were compared to a conventional immunoassay.

Results
Significant interference effects were seen during IA purification, which were sufficiently solved by performing AS precipitation prior to IA purification. A linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 1.0–100 ng/mL (R2=0.98). Accuracy and precision were well within acceptance criteria. In sera of patients suspected of lung cancer, the method showed good correlation with the immunoassay.

Conclusions
A robust AS precipitation-IA LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of serum CYFRA 21-1 was developed. With this assay, the clinically added value of LC-MS/MS-based detection over immunoassays can be further explored.
Study on discrete degenerate Bell distributions with two parameters
Authors: Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Kim Hye Kyung 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Recently, Freud and Rodriguez proposed a new counting process which is called the Bell–Touchard process and based on the Bell–Touchard probability distribution. This process was developed to solve the problem of rare events hypothesis which is one of the limitations of the Poisson process. In this paper, we consider the discrete degenerate Bell distributions and the degenerate Bell process which are “degenerate versions” of the Bell–Touchard probability distributions and the Bell–Touchard process, respectively. We investigate several properties of the degenerate Bell distribution. We introduce the degenerate Bell process by giving two equivalent definitions and show one method of constructing a new infinite family of degenerate Bell process out of a given infinite family of degenerate Bell process.
Cathepsin L-mediated EGFR cleavage affects intracellular signalling pathways in cancer
Authors: Grozdanić Marija , Sobotič Barbara , Biasizzo Monika , Sever Tilen , Vidmar Robert , Vizovišek Matej , Turk Boris , Fonović Marko 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Proteolytic activity in the tumour microenvironment is an important factor in cancer development since it can also affect intracellular signalling pathways via positive feedback loops that result in either increased tumour growth or resistance to anticancer mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated extracellular cathepsin L-mediated cleavage of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and identified the cleavage site in the extracellular domain after R224. To further evaluate the relevance of this cleavage, we cloned and expressed a truncated version of EGFR, starting at G225, in HeLa cells. We confirmed the constitutive activation of the truncated protein in the absence of ligand binding and determined possible changes in intracellular signalling. Furthermore, we determined the effect of truncated EGFR protein expression on HeLa cell viability and response to the EGFR inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) erlotinib and monoclonal antibody (mAb) cetuximab. Our data reveal the nuclear localization and phosphorylation of EGFR and signal trancducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in cells that express the truncated EGFR protein and suggest that these phenomena cause resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
Introducing VR personas: an immersive and easy-to-use tool for understanding users
Authors: Maruhn Philipp , Prasch Lorenz , Gerhardinger Florian , Häfner Sophia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Personas have been established as an indispensable tool in software and product development. They continuously accompany the development process and seek to build empathy and establish an emotional relationship between developers and users. However, this does not always succeed, with the reasons for failure often lying in the personas themselves. If they do not have a sufficient level of detail or do not reflect everyday people, they lose credibility and therefore their purpose of representing the user. Poor communication of personas is another reason they are quickly forgotten. In this paper, we present a new approach to experiencing personas beyond traditional means such as posters or slides. With the help of virtual reality, we create immersive, three-dimensional personas that can be visited in their own living room. The basis of the implementation is a comprehensive dataset, containing aggregated data from over 8000 detailed face-to-face interviews. We base the layout of the apartment, the furniture, and the characters themselves on the archetypal characteristics of their corresponding user group. In the future, we plan to validate whether this approach can be successful in creating a deeper and more sustainable connection between personas and developers and designers.