bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4  USEFULNESS OF AORTIC VALVE RESISTANCE IN ASSESSMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC SEVERITY IN AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Von Hoch F. , Greten T. , Von Hodenberg E. , Schümmelfeder J. , Brunn J. , Schumacher B. , Kerber. S. 
Published: October 2004

Purpose: This prospective study was designed to determine the usefulness of aortic valve resistance for the evaluation of aortic stenosis (AS) and separation of patients with severe aortic stenosis from those with milder disease. Methods: In 193 patients aortic valve area (AVA), mean pressure gradient (Δpmean), valve resistance (VR), left ventricular function (LVF) and cardiac output (CO) were determined by transthoracic echocardiography at rest. A threshold value of valve resistance was identified to seperate patients with truly critical (AVA < 0.7 cm2) from those with truly noncritical aortic stenosis (AVA > 0.8 cm2 and Δpmean < 50 mm Hg). The usefulness of this threshold value for assessing the hemodynamic severity of aortic stenosis was investigated in the subgroup of patients with aortic valve area ranging from 0.7 to 0.8 cm2. Results: When severe AS was diagnosed in patients (AVA < 0.7 cm2) valve resistance was determined ≥ 250 dyn·s·cm−5 (n = 93, mean: 455.8 ± 169.1 dyn·s·cm−5) in all but one patient with severe LV dysfunction and low CO. In all patients with AS classified as mild to moderate (AVA > 0.8 cm2 and Δpmean < 50 mm Hg) calculated VR was < 250 dyn·s·cm−5 (n = 43, mean: 158.5 ± 48.2 dyn·s·cm−5). Conclusion: The identified threshold value of VR = 250 dyn·s·cm−5 may help to identify patients with critical aortic stenosis even if aortic valve area is in moderate range.
Reporting bad results: The ethical responsibility of presenting abused women's parenting practices in a negative light
Authors: Buchbinder Eli , Eisikovits Zvi 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to present and analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in presenting research findings that describe abused women's parenting practices in a negative light. The study was based on data collected by in‐depth interviews for the purpose of examining the turning point among 20 Israeli abused women who refused to live with violence and took active steps to stop it while staying with the perpetrator. Overall the analysis indicated successful survival stories but the women's parenting practices became questionable. This raised dilemmas as to how to present such findings and what are the ethical implications related to interventions with abused women.
Playing with sound: The therapeutic use of music in direct work with children
Authors: Lefevre Michelle 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTChildren rarely have the language or the cognitive development to process and convey their experiences solely through words, so spontaneously complement these with symbolic forms of expression and communication, such as play, metaphor and a variety of visual, auditory and kinaesthetic imagery. Consequently, social workers need to supplement verbal methods of assessment and intervention with more symbolic modes of communication and engagement when working directly with children. The play therapy literature has been a key source of guidance and the expressive arts therapies, such as art and drama therapy, are now well represented in the literature and training of social workers in ‘direct work with children’. However, principles and practice from music therapy are under‐represented. The writer, who is a social worker, psychotherapist and musician, shares her reflections on introducing techniques and theoretical approaches from music therapy into her own therapeutically orientated direct work. Suggestions are made as to how other practitioners (both musically trained and not) could develop the use of music as a further ‘tool’ in their direct work with children.
Using concurrent planning to establish permanency for looked after young children
Authors: Monck Elizabeth , Reynolds Jill , Wigfall Valerie 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTMany looked after children spend lengthy periods in impermanent care, and their frequent moves probably contribute to subsequent disturbed behaviour. Concurrent planning aims to reduce the number of moves and the length of time before placement in a permanent family. In this study 24 young children in three concurrent planning (CP) projects and 44 from two ‘traditional’ adoption teams were followed for 12–15 months. Records were obtained of the number of moves between households and the dates of key events before the child's permanent family placement was confirmed by the courts. The CP children moved into permanent families significantly faster and with significantly fewer previous moves than the two comparison groups. Unexpectedly, the CP children were significantly younger than the children following ‘traditional’ adoption programmes, making direct comparison impossible. Among those birth parents who were interviewed, the majority saw advantages in the CP approach. Concurrent planning carers reported high levels of personal anxiety but positive views of the advantages for the children. We conclude that CP can be used to achieve earlier permanence and fewer moves between carers for young children from selected birth families. The success of a CP team is dependent on the support of other professionals involved in determining permanent placements, based on a shared acknowledgement of the damaging effects of delay for the looked after child.
What changes in ‘parenting’ approaches occur over the course of adolescent foster care placements?
Authors: Lipscombe Jo , Moyers Sue , Farmer Elaine 
Published: October 2004

ABSTRACTAn overview of the parenting skills and strategies utilized by foster carers looking after adolescents was given in an earlier paper. This paper focuses specifically on the relationship between the behaviour of fostered adolescents and the quality of parenting provided by the carer. In particular, the paper considers the consequences of situations in which fostered young people have a detrimental impact on other children within the foster family, as this was an especially difficult situation for foster carers to manage. Similarly, foster carers appeared to find it difficult to maintain good parenting skills with young people who were at risk due to their own sexual behaviour although, conversely, caring for a young person whose sexual behaviour put others at risk was connected with improved parenting. The quality of parenting provided by the foster carers was also influenced by the level of stress they were experiencing, with increased levels of stress leading to poorer parenting of the fostered adolescent.
Internal apical resorption and its correlation with the type of apical lesion
Authors: Vier F. V. , Figueiredo J. A. P. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To determine the presence of various periapical pathologies and their association with the presence and extent of internal apical inflammatory root resorption in human teeth.Methodology  A total of 75 root apices from extracted teeth with periapical lesions were examined. Semi‐serial sections of soft tissue lesions were stained with HE. The lesions were classified as non‐cystic or cystic, and according to the degree of abscess severity: 0, 1, 2 or 3. The apices were reduced to 3 mm in length and longitudinally cut so that the internal aspect could be analyzed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Internal root resorption was also classified as 0, 1, 2 or 3 according to the extent of the resorbed area. Additionally, six vital teeth were used as a control.Results  Non‐cystic lesions with severe abscesses were the most common finding (70.7%), while 20% of the lesions were cystic (4% little or no abscess; 16% severe abscesses). Non‐cystic lesions with little or no abscess comprised 9.3% of the sample. Of the root canals containing periapical lesions, 48% had internal apical resorption in more than half of the area, while 25.3% of the sample had no internal resorption. Resorption degree 1 was identified in 12% of the cases, and 14.7% showed resorption degree 2. The control group displayed significantly less internal resorption than the test groups.Conclusions  Most periapical lesions (86.7%), whether cystic (16.0%) or non‐cystic (70.7%), showed large collections of acute inflammatory cells. Apical internal resorption was present in 74.7% of roots and was associated with periapical lesions. There was no correlation between internal apical resorption and the histological diagnosis of the lesions.
A comparative histological evaluation of the biocompatibility of materials used in apical surgery
Authors: Sousa C. J. A. , Loyola A. M. , Versiani M. A. , Biffi J. C. G. , Oliveira R. P. , Pascon E. A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To evaluate the biological properties of a variety of materials that could be used in apical surgery.Methodology  The intraosseous implant technique recommended by the FDI (1980) and ADA (1982) was used to test the following materials: zinc oxide‐eugenol (ZOE), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and Z‐100 light‐cured composite resin. Thirty guinea‐pigs, 10 for each material, divided into experimental periods of 4 and 12 weeks, received one implant on each side of the lower jaw symphysis. The connective tissue response alongside the lateral wall outside the cup served as a negative control for the technique. At the end of the observation periods, the animals were killed and the specimens prepared for routine histological examination to evaluate their biocompatibility.Results  The reaction of the tissue to the materials diminished with time. The ZOE cement was highly toxic during the 4‐week experimental period, but this profile changed significantly after 12 weeks, when it showed biocompatible characteristics. MTA and Z‐100 showed biocompatibility in this test model at both time periods.Conclusions  MTA and Z‐100 composite were biocompatible at 4 and 12 weeks in this experimental model.
In vitro immunoexpression of extracellular matrix proteins in dental pulpal and gingival human fibroblasts
Authors: Martinez E. F. , Araújo V. C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To compare the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in human pulpal and gingival fibroblasts in vitro.Methodology  Cultured dental pulp fibroblasts and gingival mucosa fibroblasts were used. Tenascin (TN), fibronectin (FN), type I (col I) and III collagen (col III) and osteonectin (ONEC) were detected by immunofluorescence. Main morphological characteristics were also analysed by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy.Results  The results revealed different expression patterns of the proteins. TN and ONEC were only immunoexpressed by pulpal fibroblast cells, suggesting a role of these glycoproteins in formation of mineralized tissues. FN and col I were present in the cytoplasms of both cell types. No expression of col III was detected. Different morphological characteristics were visualized under LM, in which pulpal fibroblasts were spindle‐shaped with a wide cytoplasm, while gingival fibroblast cells exhibited stellate/pyramidal configuration, with rounded nuclei. However, ultrastructurally, both cell lineages showed very well developed rough endoplasmatic reticulum and Golgi complex.Conclusions  Due to the immunodetection of TN and ONEC on pulpal fibroblasts, the present findings demonstrated that a pulpal fibroblast cell is similar to an osteoblastic cell rather than an undifferentiated mesenchymal cell, such as a gingival fibroblast cell. Functional differences between the two cell lines may then be suggested.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from canals of root filled teeth with periapical lesions
Authors: Pinheiro E. T. , Gomes B. P. F. A. , Drucker D. B. , Zaia A. A. , Ferraz C. C. R. , Souza‐Filho F. J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To test, in vitro, the susceptibility to different antibiotics of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from canals of root filled teeth with periapical lesions.Methodology  Twenty‐one E. faecalis isolates, from canals of root filled teeth with persisting periapical lesions, were tested for their antibiotic susceptibilities. The following antibiotics were used: benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, erythromycin, azithromycin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the antimicrobial agents were determined using the E‐test System (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden), and the E. faecalis strains classified as susceptible or resistant according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The strains were also tested for β‐lactamase production with nitrocefin (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK).Results  All strains were susceptible to penicillins in vitro, however, the MICs of amoxicillin and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (MIC90 = 0.75 μg mL−1) were lower than for benzylpenicillin (MIC90 = 3.0 μg mL−1). All strains studied were also susceptible to vancomycin and moxifloxacin, whilst 95.2% were susceptible to chloramphenicol. Amongst the isolates, 85.7% were susceptible to tetracycline and doxycycline and 80.9% to ciprofloxacin. The MIC of erythromycin ranged from 0.38 to >256 μg mL−1; only 28.5% of the strains were susceptible (MIC ≤ 0.5 μg mL−1). Limited susceptibility was also observed with azithromycin which was active against only 14.2% of isolates. No strains produced β‐lactamase.Conclusion  Enterococcus faecalis isolates were completely susceptible, in vitro, to amoxicillin, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, vancomycin and moxifloxacin. Most isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline or ciprofloxacin. Erythromycin and azithromycin were least effective.
Survival of surgical endodontic treatment performed in a dental teaching hospital: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Q. , Cheung G. S. P. , Ng R. P. Y. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To assess the survival function of surgical endodontic treatment performed at least 1 year before in a dental teaching hospital.Methodology  A total of 194 teeth surgically treated between 1991 and 2001 were recalled and examined clinically and radiographically using a set of strict criteria. The Kaplan–Meier method and log rank test were used to evaluate the survival time. Confounding factors were examined by Cox regression analysis.Results  The median survival time of the 154 first‐time surgically treated teeth was 92.1 months (95% CI: 40.9–143.4) and that of the 40 resurgery cases was 39.1 months (95% CI: 6.1–72.1) up to the date of recall. There was a significant difference in the length of survival between the two groups. For those first‐time surgery cases, the preoperative marginal bone loss and the operator had a significant influence on the survival time (P < 0.05).Conclusions  The survival of surgical endodontic treatment declined nonlinearly with time. The preoperative marginal bone loss, operator and resurgery were important factors affecting the survival of this treatment modality.
The radix entomolaris in mandibular first molars: an endodontic challenge
Authors: De Moor R. J. G. , Deroose C. A. J. G. , Calberson F. L. G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To present cases of mandibular first molars with an additional distolingual root (radix entomolaris, RE) and to survey the literature on the incidence of this anatomical feature.Summary  A major anatomical variant of the two‐rooted mandibular first molar is a tooth with an additional distolingual and third root: the RE. The prevalence of these three‐rooted mandibular first molars appears to be less than 3% in African populations, not to exceed 4.2% in Caucasians, to be less than 5% in Eurasian and Asian populations, and to be higher than 5% (even up to 40%) in populations with Mongolian traits. A total of 18 cases (12 root filled and six extracted mandibular first molars) with an RE were collected during the years 2000–2003 in patients of Caucasian origin. As far as the access was concerned, entering the root canal in the RE required a modification of the opening in a distolingual direction resulting in a trapezoidal opening cavity. None of the orifices was located midway between the mesial and distal root component. Based on the anatomy of the extracted samples and the bending of ISO 10 files after scouting of the root canal in the RE, three types of curvature were detected: (I) straight or no curvature (two cases); (II) coronal third curved and straight continuation to the apex (five cases); and (III) curvature in the coronal third and buccal curvature from the middle third or apical third of the root (11 cases).Key learning points

Clinicians should be aware of this unusual root morphology in mandibular first molars in Caucasian people.
Radiographs exposed at two different horizontal angles are needed to identify this additional root.
The access cavity must be modified in a distolingual direction in order to visualize and treat the RE, this results in a trapezoidal access cavity.
A scanning electron microscope study of plaque accumulation on silk and PVDF suture materials in oral mucosa
Authors: Parirokh M. , Asgary S. , Eghbal M. J. , Stowe S. , Kakoei S. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To examine plaque accumulation on silk and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sutures at different time intervals.Methodology  Twenty‐one male albino rabbits received sutures under general and local anaesthesia. After 3, 5 and 7 days sutures were removed and processed for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The Friedman and the Wilcoxon tests were used to compare contamination on PVDF and silk suture materials at different time intervals.Results  At all time intervals, the whole surface of silk sutures was covered with a thick layer of bacterial plaque and debris. Microorganisms and blood cells on the surface and between the filaments of the silk suture material were observed. Light debris appeared around the knot area of PVDF sutures after 3 days. At 5 and 7 days, contamination could be seen in scattered areas along the suture material. The average contaminated area was smaller on PVDF suture materials, which were removed at 5 than at 7 days after insertion. At 3 days, PVDF sutures showed significantly less contamination than at 5 and 7 days (P = 0.002). There were statistically significant differences between silk and PVDF sutures at 3, 5 and 7 days.Conclusion  SEM observation showed that PVDF sutures were contaminated less than silk sutures at 3, 5 and 7 days.
The annual frequency of root fillings, tooth extractions and pulp‐related procedures in Danish adults during 1977–2003
Authors: Bjørndal L. , Reit C. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAim  To investigate a hypothesized long‐time decrease of endodontic treatment in a population with low caries prevalence.Methodology  A Danish nationwide database including almost all dental diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic procedures performed in Danish adults was available. Data on the annual frequencies of root fillings, extractions, pulpotomies, direct pulp cappings and stepwise excavations between 1977 and 2003 were analysed. Data on pulpal and periapical diagnoses were not available and on patients age and gender only from 1996.Results  Between 1977 and 2003 the annual number of root filled canals increased from 268 223 to 364 867 (36%). The annual number of root filled teeth increased from 160 119 to 191 803 (20%). During the period, the annually registered patients increased by 16%. Calculated per 1000 patients, the number of root fillings showed a statistically significant increase of 17%. In root filled teeth the canal/tooth ratio increased from 1.67 to 1.96. Root fillings were frequently recorded in all age groups with the bulk of treatments performed on patients between 40 and 60 years of age. At a total population level, the rate of root fillings decreased among younger individuals and increased among older. The annual number of tooth extractions was more than halved from 656 624 in 1977 to 346 490 in 2003. Pulpotomies decreased markedly over the period and less than 10 treatments per 1000 patients were noted for pulp capping as well as stepwise excavation procedures.Conclusions  The present study failed to show a long‐time decrease of endodontic treatment in a population with low caries prevalence. On the contrary, an increase of root filled canals was observed between 1977 and 2003, which was probably due to a reduction of the tooth extraction rate and an increased treatment of multi‐rooted teeth.
Evolutionary history of coastal tiger beetles in Japan based on a comparative phylogeography of four species
Authors: SATOH A. , SOTA T. , UÉDA T. , ENOKIDO Y. , PAIK J. C. , HORI M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo reveal the phylogeographical patterns of four species of coastal tiger beetles in Japan (Lophyridia angulata, Abroscelis anchoralis, Cicindela lewisii and Chaetodera laetescripta), we conducted phylogenetic and nested clade analysis (NCA) using the mitochondrial DNA sequences of two loci (COI and 16S rRNA), with specimens sampled from Japan and neighbouring countries. Abroscelis anchoralis and L. angulata have similar disjunct distributions in Japan. The NCA indicated past fragmentation involving three isolated areas of A. anchoralis. In contrast, local populations of L. angulata in Japan shared the same haplotype, indicating recent vicariance. Co‐occurrence of haplotypes from several divergent clades in Japanese populations of Ch. laetescripta suggested ancient vicariance and subsequent intermixing of local populations. The tree topology of C. lewisii, with shallow branches and little geographical segregation of haplotypes between Japan and Korea or within Japan, suggested that the Japanese population was segregated from the Korean population only recently. Restricted gene flow, with isolation by distance, was inferred for various geographical associations of haplotypes for coastal tiger beetles in the NCA. Based on these phylogeographical patterns, coupled with a molecular clock approach, the evolutionary history of four species of coastal tiger beetles was deduced, with the additional consideration of the competitive relationships among those species. We also discuss the conservation of highly localized A. anchoralis populations in Japan, using the concept of evolutionarily significant units.
Somatic mutation‐mediated evolution of herbicide resistance in the nonindigenous invasive plant hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)
Authors: MICHEL ALBRECHT , ARIAS RENEE S. , SCHEFFLER BRIAN E. , DUKE STEPHEN O. , NETHERLAND MICHAEL , DAYAN FRANCK E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) was introduced to the surface water of Florida in the 1950s and is today one of the most serious aquatic weed problems in the USA. As a result of concerns associated with the applications of pesticides to aquatic systems, fluridone is the only USEPA‐approved chemical that provides systemic control of hydrilla. After a decrease in fluridone's efficacy at controlling hydrilla, 200 Florida water bodies were sampled to determine the extent of the problem and the biological basis for the reduced efficacy. Our studies revealed that hydrilla phenotypes with two‐ to six‐fold higher fluridone resistance were present in 20 water bodies. Since fluridone is an inhibitor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase (PDS), the gene for PDS (pds) was cloned from herbicide‐susceptible and ‐resistant hydrilla plants. We report for the first time in higher plants three independent herbicide‐resistant hydrilla biotypes arising from the selection of somatic mutations at the arginine 304 codon of pds. The three PDS variants had specific activities similar to the wild‐type enzyme but were two to five times less sensitive to fluridone. In vitro activity levels of the enzymes correlated with in vivo resistance of the corresponding biotypes. As hydrilla spread rapidly to lakes across the southern United States in the past, the expansion of resistant biotypes is likely to pose significant environmental challenges in the future.