bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To Investigate the Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Oral Lichen Planus and Oral Lichenoid Reactions
Authors: Soorneedi Neeharika , Sujatha Mekala M. , Fatima Tabassum , Mallik P.G.R Pankaj , Imran Mohammed , Sangala Bhavani Nagendra , Vakeel Sana 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Role of mast cells in the development of oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid reactions (OLR).

Material and Methods:
The tissue slices used in this investigation were obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and were formalin-fixed and embedded in paraffin. The sections were obtained from 40 cases of OLP that were identified by histological examination, as well as 40 cases of OLR. Twenty buccal mucosa samples were obtained from individuals who showed no mouth lesions and did not participate in any oral practices. The study samples were subjected to haematoxylin and eosin stain, as well as a specialized toluidine blue stain.

Results:
In oral lichen planus, the mast cell counts were 15.25 ± 2.58, which was substantially greater than in OLR (8.63 ± 1.74) and normal oral mucosal tissues (1.99 ± 0.58). The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the average number of mast cells across three groups, and the result was statistically significant (P < 0.001). We found statistically significant results when we compared several groups using the Mann–Whitney U test.

Conclusion:
This experiment’s findings point to a greater concentration of mast cells in OLP than in OLR. Because of this, we argue that counting mast cells could be an important histopathological component in pathogenesis of these lichenoid reactions and also help distinguishing OLP from OLR.
Can Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnose Pediatric Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders? A Tertiary Referring Center Experience in Chennai, Tamil Nadu—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mukkada Philson J. , Franklin Teenu , Radhan Prabhu , Thangam Vinoth 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing PIDDs in pediatric patients, analyzing imaging findings alongside clinical correlations.

Materials and Method:
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary referring center in Chennai, involving 34 pediatric patients (aged ≤18 years) referred with suspected or confirmed PIDDs. MRI evaluations, clinical assessments, and laboratory findings were utilized for diagnosis. Demographic data, MRI findings, and clinical symptoms were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results:
The study revealed a wide age distribution (mean age: 8.53 years), with males comprising 55.9% of participants. Acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM) was the most common clinical presentation, with supratentorial lesions being the predominant MRI finding. Overall, MRI demonstrated high sensitivity (82.1%) and specificity (79.3%) in diagnosing PIDDs.

Conclusion:
MRI proved valuable in diagnosing pediatric inflammatory demyelinating disorders. Further research should address study limitations and explore longitudinal outcomes to enhance understanding and management of these complex neurological conditions.
Effect of Dental Caries Management on the Candida Albicans Carriage and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Children Living With Perinatal HIV/AIDS Under Antiretroviral Therapy—A Pre- and Post-Experimental Study
Authors: Gurupriya M. Monica , Barathi K. Divya , Nalankilli Ashok Viswanath , Megalaa N. , Jayaraj Merlin , Kumar P. D. Madan , Nagappan Nagappan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children living with perinatal HIV/AIDS (CLWPHA) have a higher prevalence of dental caries and fungal infections. Caries tooth serves as a niche for Candida colonization and it also impairs oral health-related quality of life. The management of dental caries can eliminate the risk factor for Candida colonization and subsequently can promote their quality of life related to oral health.

Aim:
The aim of our study was to determine the effect of dental caries management on the Candida albicans carriage and oral health-related quality of life among CLWPHA under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Methodology:
This pre- and post-experimental study was conducted with 40 students. Candida colonization was assessed from the participant’s saliva samples. OHRQoL of participants was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire.

Results:
The mean value of Candida albicans CFUs in saliva after dental caries management was significantly lower compared with before dental caries management. The mean OHIP-14 score after dental caries management was significantly lower compared with the baseline score.

Conclusion:
Dental caries management can be effective in reducing the oral Candidal colony count, thereby improving their oral health-related quality of life.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Pneumothorax in Blunt Chest Trauma: A Correlation Study with Computed Tomography Thorax in Emergency Department Patients at Tertiary Care Centre in Salem, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sirajudeen Syed Abthahir , Dominic Melvin , Sreelakshmi VK , Vineeth Moturi Sai , Rani Pooja , Durgaprasad Jinka Venakata , Manickam Senthil Kumar , Panneerselvam P 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In this study, we compared lung ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) findings of the thorax in diagnosing pneumothorax in patients with blunt chest trauma. This study aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy and prevent tension pneumothorax, despite limited evaluations across all lung pathologies.

Methods:
We examined patients admitted to Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital with blunt chest trauma from January 2021 to June 2022. Lung USG and CT of the chest were used to detect pneumothoraxes, with the goal of reducing mortality rates in severely injured patients.

Results:
Out of 64 cases, 67.5% experienced blunt trauma, 20.8% had a direct chest impact, and 11.7% suffered falls from a height. USG and CT findings revealed the following: 79.2% had pneumothorax, 7.8% had pleural effusion, 28.6% had hemothorax, 22.1% had contusion, 10.4% had rib fractures with contusion, 6.5% had rib fracture + Hemothorax, and 9.1% had isolated pneumothorax.

Conclusion:
Lung ultrasound is a reliable, radiation-free method for assessing pneumothorax, pleural effusion, contusion, and hemothorax, offering a definitive, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis.
Digit Ratio as Predictors of Dental Caries: A Study of the 2D:4D Relationship
Authors: Ishwarya M , Ananthan Vasanthakumari , Arumugam Selvabalaji , Krishnan Ekambareswaran , Umamaheswari S , Rajendran Madhumathy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between caries risk and the 2D:4D ratio, a potential marker of prenatal hormone exposure, among children aged 5–12 years.

Methods:
A total of 250 children were examined. Caries indices decayed, missing and filled teeth/decayed, extracted and filled teeth (DMFT/deft) were recorded, and 2D:4D ratios were measured using a vernier caliper. Chi-square statistical analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between 2D:4D ratios and caries risk.

Results:
The study revealed a higher prevalence of caries among children with a low 2D:4D ratio (<1), suggesting elevated prenatal androgen levels. Specifically, 123 out of 147 individuals (83.67%) with a 2D:4D ratio less than 1 presented a high caries index, compared to 32 out of 103 individuals (31.07%) with a ratio equal to or greater than 1. Gender-specific differences were observed, with males exhibiting lower mean 2D:4D ratios than females.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest a potential role for the 2D:4D ratio as a predictive marker for dental caries risk in children.
Analyzing Fluoride Concentration in Drinking Water Sources in the Alkharj Region of Saudi Arabia and Its Public Health Implications
Authors: Almalki Sultan Abdulrahman 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Fluoride is an essential trace element that plays a significant role in the formation and maintenance of human bones and teeth. Naturally present in varying concentrations in all water sources, fluoride’s presence in drinking water can have both beneficial and adverse effects on health, depending on its concentration. The present aim of the study was to estimate the fluoride concentration in different water sources in the Alkharj region of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and method:
A total of 33 samples consisted of various mineral water brands sold in the Alkharj region, as well as water from several public tap water borewell locations and municipal sources in Alkharj used as drinking water sources were collected and analyzed using an IC Professional 940 ion chromatography system (Metrohm). The average fluoride concentration in the 33 water samples analyzed was 0.69 ± 0.10 mg/L (95% CI: 0.49 0.89 mg/L). The highest fluoride concentration was found in national bottled water (1.06 ± 0.03 mg/L), followed by borewell water from Alkharj (0.97 ± 0.60 mg/L), and municipal water from Alkharj (0.22 ± 0.10 mg/L).

Results:
The results indicate that the fluoride levels in all sampled water sources in various drinking water sources in the Alkharj region of Saudi Arabia are below the WHO recommended guideline of 1.5 mg/L, with significant variability observed across different sources. National bottled water had the highest average fluoride concentration, followed by borewell water, with municipal water having the lowest levels.
Evaluation of common COL2A1 gene variants in Iranian patients suspected with Stickler syndrome type I
Authors: Abolhasani Fatemeh , Abdali Hossein , Kazemi Mohammad , Attar Bijan Movahedian , Derakhshandeh Fatemeh , Hosseinzadeh Majid 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Stickler syndrome, also known as hereditary progressive arthro-ophthalmopathy, is a connective tissue disorder that arises from mutations in multiple genes, each with distinct hereditary patterns. Stickler syndrome type I, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, is specifically linked to mutations in the COL2A1 gene. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of common variants of the COL2A1 gene among individuals suspected of having Stickler syndrome type I.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six Iranian patients suspected of having Stickler syndrome type I referring to Al-Zahra Hospital of Isfahan were employed in this cross-sectional study. The DNA was extracted from the patient’s peripheral blood samples, and the selected exons of the COL2A1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the purified amplicons were subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify common variants associated with Stickler syndrome type I.

Results:
All patients exhibit cleft abnormalities (palate, lip, and alveolar), 84.6% of patients exhibit ocular abnormalities, 53.8% of patients exhibit hearing abnormalities, and 34.6% of patients exhibit skeletal abnormalities. As the data displays, the highest phenotype presentation prevalence rate was related to cleft lip and palate, while hemiparesis was the lowest clinical finding among the patients. Molecular analysis which conducted to screen the COL2A1 gene of patients, identified two different variants, including a novel nonsense variant, (c.1030C>T), consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome type I, also synonymous mutation (c.213C>T) affecting in exon 2, which have been reported in database.

Conclusion:
Genetic analysis of Twenty-six unrelated families with Stickler syndrome type I disorder discovered one novel pathogenic variant in the COL2A1 gene in a patient with Stickler syndrome type I. Genetic analysis is helpful for the diagnosis of this clinically variable and genetically heterogeneous disorder.
Construction of unital quantales
Authors: Han Shengwei , Lv Jiaxin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Unital quantales constitute a significant subclass within quantale theory, which play a crucial role in the theoretical framework of quantale research. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the construction of unital quantales from a given quantale. Using Q-algebras, we prove that every quantale is embedded into a unital quantale, which generalizes the work of Paseka and Kruml for the construction of unital quantales. Based on which, we further show that every quantale can be transformed into a unitally non-distributive quantale, which expands the foundational work of Guriérrez García and Höhle for unitally non-distributive quantales. Finally, we provide a variety of methods for constructing unital quantales from some special quantales.
A remark on the number of automorphisms of finite abelian groups
Authors: Tărnăuceanu Marius 
Published: January 2025

Let

\mathrm{Ab}_{0}

be the class of finite abelian groups and consider the function

f\colon \mathrm{Ab}_{0} \to (0,\infty)

given by

f(G)=\lvert{\operatorname{Aut}(G)\rvert/\lvert{(G)}\rvert}

, where

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

is the automorphism group of a finite abelian group

G

. In this short note, we prove that the image of

f

is a dense set in

[0,\infty)

.
Obstacles to Disputes When Resorting to Litigation Through Traditional and Electronic Arbitration in Iraq
Authors: Nadhmi Basma Amer Omar , Abdullah Mohamad Asmadi 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to examine the absence of legal frameworks in Iraq that govern electronic arbitration and identify the challenges contracting parties face in resolving disputes arising from electronic commercial contracts. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of adopting electronic arbitration to align Iraq’s legal and economic development with global advancements.

Methods: The researcher employed both analytical and comparative methodologies. The analytical approach was used to assess the current state of electronic arbitration in Iraq, while the comparative approach examined international legal frameworks and best practices to provide insights into potential reforms.

Results: The findings indicate that electronic arbitration provides a secure and efficient method for resolving disputes related to electronic commercial contracts. The study also highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the urgency of adopting digital dispute resolution mechanisms, as traditional court procedures proved slow and inefficient during times of economic and social crises.

Conclusion: The study concludes that legislative reforms are necessary to integrate electronic arbitration into Iraq’s legal system, ensuring the swift and effective resolution of commercial disputes. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of training arbitrators through collaboration with international organizations to enhance their ability to handle electronic arbitration effectively.
Saudi Arabia’s Generative AI Strategy: Legal Challenges in Intellectual Property Protection
Authors: Farwah Mahmoud Mohammed Abu 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate Saudi Arabia’s legal framework concerning intellectual property (IP) protection in AI development. It seeks to identify legal barriers to AI training, particularly in copyright law, and propose legislative reforms to enhance innovation while maintaining IP rights. The research aligns with Vision 2030, positioning Saudi Arabia as a leader in AI-driven innovation.

Methods: The study employs a comparative legal analysis, examining international models such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan. It assesses Saudi copyright laws related to AI training, identifying limitations due to strict adherence to international IP conventions. The research also explores potential legal reforms to support AI development.

Results: The study finds that Saudi Arabia’s legal framework lacks the flexibility needed to support AI innovation. The strict copyright laws hinder AI training due to the absence of exceptions for text and data mining. Comparative analysis reveals that other jurisdictions have adopted more adaptive licensing mechanisms and open data policies, which foster AI growth.

Conclusion: The study concludes that Saudi Arabia must implement legislative reforms to balance IP protection and AI innovation. It recommends introducing exceptions for text and data mining, establishing adaptive licensing models, and promoting open data policies. Strengthening public-private partnerships is also suggested to facilitate lawful data access. These reforms are essential for Saudi Arabia to become a regional and global leader in AI development.
Implementasi Data Mining Dalam Penerapan Clustering Algoritma K-Medoid Sebaran Mahasiwa Baru Pada STIE-SAK
Authors: Hamsiah Hamsiah 
Published: January 2025

Abstrak: Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Sakti Alam Kerinci (STIE-SAK) merupakan salah satu perguruan tinggi yang berada di Kota Sungai Penuh, Provinsi Jambi, dimana setiap tahunnya menerima mahasiswa baru dari berbagai sekolah yang ada di Kabupaten kerinci, Kota Sungai Penuh, dan daerah lainnya. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menerapkan konsep data mining dengan menggunakan teknik clustering algoritma K-Medoid untuk mengetahui sebaran mahasiswa baru berasal dari daerah mana dan berasal dari sekolah mana yang melanjutkan pendidikan di STIE-SAK. Adapun dari data yang diperoleh bisa digunakan pihak kampus untuk melihat potensi terbesar sekolah yang menyumbang mahasiswa baru terbanyak. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data mahasiswa tahun 2024 dengan atribut yang Nama, Jenis Kelamin, Asal Sekolah, dan Alamat. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu terbentuknya 3 cluster dengan klaster Cluster 0 adalah mahasiswa baru terbanyak berasal dari daerah Kerinci, Asal sekolah terbanyak yang menyumbang mahasiswa baru adalah SMAN 1 SUNGAI PENUH, Cluster 1 adalah mahasiswa baru yang berasal dari daerah sungai penuh dengan sumbangan mahasiswa sedang yaitu diantaranya adalah SMAN 5 SUNGAI PENUH, sedangkan Cluster 2 adalah mahasiswa baru yang berasal dari luar daerah adalah yang paling sedikit mendaftar menjadi mahasiswa baru di STIE-SAK.Kata kunci: K-Medoids, Clustering, Data Mining, RapidMinerAbstract:The Sakti Alam Kerinci College of Economics (STIE-SAK) is one of the tertiary institutions located in Sungai Banyak City, Jambi Province, where every year it accepts new students from various schools in Kerinci Regency, Sungai Full City, and other areas. In this study, researchers applied the concept of data mining using the K-Medoid algorithm clustering technique to find out the distribution of new students from which areas and from which schools who continued their education at STIE-SAK. The data obtained can be used by campuses to see the greatest potential of schools that contribute the most new students. The data used in this research is student data in 2024 with the attributes Name, Gender, School of Origin and Address. The results of this research are the formation of 3 clusters with Cluster 0 being the largest number of new students coming from the Kerinci area, the school that contributed the most new students is SMAN 1 SUNGAI PENUH, Cluster 1 is new students coming from the Sungai Full area with moderate student contributions, namely: is SMAN 5 SUNGAI PENUH, while Cluster 2 is new students who come from outside the area who are the least likely to register as new students at STIE-SAK.Keywords: K-Medoids, Clustering, Data Mining, RapidMiner
The effect of using two types of cognitive strategies stimulants on scientific thinking among fourth grade students
Authors: Rahi Qahtan Fadhil , Katoon Duaa Raheem , Sabti Yousif Mousa 
Published: January 2025

This study highlights the need for modernizing teaching methods in response to the progress made in various scientific fields in the last quarter of the previous century. The focus is on developing teaching strategies that help students become independent and conscious citizens who think scientifically. The emphasis is on cognitive methods and means that teachers can use to activate cognitive strategies and urge students to use them in order to learn effectively. The abstract also underscores the importance of aligning educational goals with the latest scientific developments to prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century. It emphasizes the importance of developing cognitive methods and means for teachers to use in the classroom to activate cognitive strategies and help students learn in a scientific way. The goal is to produce independent and conscious citizens who can think critically and employ their knowledge effectively.
Investigation of rs4994 polymorphism of the β3-adrenergic receptor gene in children with asthma associated with obesity
Authors: Evseeva G. P. , Suprun E. N. , Telepneva R. S. , Nagovitsina E. B. , Poltavchenko A. E. , Rakitskaya E. V. , Suprun S. V. , Kozlov V. K. , Lebed’ko O. A. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. The number of patients suffering from asthma and obesity at the same time is increasing, which affects the severity of asthma. The active search for genetic markers characterizing the individual characteristics of human metabolism continues. Of particular interest are the genes associated with obesity.Material and methods. In order to study the contribution of the rs4994 polymorphism of the ADRB3 gene to the course of the disease in children with BA associated with obesity, 161 children with BA were examined, including 59 patients with obesity of 1–3 stages. The examination included general clinical, functional, instrumental methods. The study of gene polymorphisms was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction method in real time.Results. Studies of the clinical significance of the β3-adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism in patients with asthma with different disease course showed that patients with mild asthma, regardless of body weight, were significantly more likely to have the dominant Trp64Trp genotype of the ADRB3 gene. No associations of the Arg64 allele were found in patients with body mass index, but a relationship with an increase in glucose levels was determined.Conclusion. Identification of genetic predictors of both AD and obesity is important for identifying individuals with an increased risk of developing this disease, which allows timely implementation of a set of preventive measures among them.
Assessment of quality of life in children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tarasova N. E. , Lebedenko A. A. , Semernik O. E. , Kostornaya A.-A. A. , Kabachenko E. V. , Rvacheva A. A. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Atopic rhinitis (AR) affects 10–24 % of the population in Russia, often manifesting itself in early childhood. AR is as one of the most prevalent allergic diseases, significantly impacting children’s quality of life, affecting their physical health, psychoemotional well-being, as well as social and educational aspects of life.Materials and Methods. The study analyzed the responses from 43 children aged 6 to 17, presenting with exacerbations of allergic rhinitis. SNOT-22 test was used to assess the quality of life.Results. The study identified a substantial deterioration in the quality of life among patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. The analysis revealed that nasal discharge (rhinorrhea) affected 27 (63 %) of the participants, nasal congestion impacted 19 (44 %) individuals, sneezing affected 16 (37 %) patients, coughing affected 15 (35 %) patients, and postnasal drip was observed in 9 (21 %) of the participants. These symptoms significantly impacted the physical and psychoemotional well-being of children, as well as their social activity and academic performance.Conclusions. Hypoxia, induced by impaired ventilation of the respiratory tract, can negatively affect brain function, leading to decreased attention span, memory impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. The study results highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to treating allergic rhinitis in children, which should encompass not only pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms but also educational programs both for parents and children. The SNOT-22 test proves valuable in everyday clinical practice for pediatricians and allergists, serving as an effective tool for dynamic monitoring both short-term and long-term effects of this condition’s therapy.