bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous ZnP matrix for long‐lifespan and dendrite‐free Zn metal anodes
Authors: Lei Xinyue , Ma Zhipeng , Bai Lei , Wang Lei , Ding Yali , Song Shenglu , Song Ailing , Dong Haifeng , Tian Hao , Tian Huajun , Meng Xiangtong , Liu Hao , Sun Bing , Shao Guangjie , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe reversibility of Zn plating/stripping during cycling is adversely affected by dendritic growth, electrochemical corrosion, surface passivation, and hydrogen generation on the Zn anodes for rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, through an ordinary anodic etching process, a uniform porous ZnP matrix protective layer was created on the Zn foil (Zn@ZnP). The large and accessible specific surface area of the prepared Zn@ZnP can facilitate contact with the electrolyte, accelerating the migration and enhancing the desolvation of Zn2+, effectively enhancing the Zn deposition kinetics. According to studies from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multiscale optical microscopy, the Zn@ZnP electrode effectively inhibits the growth of dendrites with excellent Zn plating/stripping reversibility. In consequence, the symmetric cell with the Zn@ZnP electrodes displays a long‐term cycle life of over 1260 h at 10  mA  cm−2. The full cell, consisting of Zn@ZnP anodes and MnO2‐based cathode, demonstrated a high discharge capacity of 145 mAh g−1 after cycling 500 times at the current density of 1000 mA  g−1. A scalable method for designing a homogeneous anode protection layer enables dendrite‐free zinc metal anodes, paving the way for interface modification of other metal anodes.
Active involvement of patients, radiation oncologists, and surgeons in a multidisciplinary team approach: Guiding local therapy in recurrent, metastatic rectal cancer
Authors: Choi Seo Hee , Yang Gowoon , Koom Woong Sub , Yang Seung Yoon , Kim Seung‐Seob , Lim Joon Seok , Kim Han Sang , Shin Sang Joon , Chang Jee Suk 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite the extensive implementation of an organized multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach in cancer treatment, there is little evidence regarding the optimal format of MDT. We aimed to investigate the impact of patient participation in MDT care on the actual application rate of metastasis‐directed local therapy.MethodsWe identified all 1211 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy at a single institution from 2006 to 2018. Practice patterns, tumor burden and OMD state were analyzed in recurrent, metastatic cases.ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 60.7 months, 281 patients developed metastases, and 96 (34.2%), 92 (32.7%), and 93 (33.1%) patients had 1, 2–5, and >5 lesions, respectively. In our study, 27.1% were managed in the MDT clinic that mandated the participation of at least four to five board‐certified multidisciplinary experts and patients in decision‐making processes, while the rest were managed through diverse MDT approaches such as conferences, tumor board meetings, and discussions conducted via phone calls or email. Management in MDT clinic was significantly associated with more use of radiotherapy (p = 0.003) and more sessions of local therapy (p < 0.001). At the time of MDT clinic, the number of lesions was 1, 2–5, and >5 in 9 (13.6%), 35 (53.1%), and 19 (28.8%) patients, respectively. The most common states were repeat OMD (28.8%) and de novo OMD (27.3%), followed by oligoprogression (15%) and induced OMD (10.6%).ConclusionOur findings suggest that active involvement of patients and radiation oncologists, and surgeons in MDT care has boosted the probability of using local therapies for various types of OMD throughout the course of the disease.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a New Germacrene Derivative Named Germacrene F
Authors: Struwe Henry , Droste Jörn , Dhar Dipendu , Davari Mehdi D. , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe new farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) derivative with a shifted olefinic double bond from C6‐C7 to C7‐C8 is accepted and converted by the sesquiterpene cyclases protoilludene synthase (Omp7) as well as viridiflorene synthase (Tps32). In both cases, a so far unknown germacrene derivative was found to be formed, which we name “germacrene F”. Both cases are examples in which a modification around the central olefinic double bond in FPP leads to a change in the mode of initial cyclization (from 1→11 to 1→10). For Omp7 a rationale for this behaviour was found by carrying out molecular docking studies. Temperature‐dependent NMR experiments, accompanied by NOE studies, show that germacrene F adopts a preferred mirror‐symmetric conformation with both methyl groups oriented in the same directions in the cyclodecane ring.
MOF‐Templated Hierarchical Porous Hollow Core‐Shell Framework Cobalt Oxide for Enhancing Hydrogen Generation from Borohydride‐Based Hydrolysis
Authors: Tran Dinh Trinh , Van Tap Huu , Tsai Yu‐chih , Lin Kun‐Yi Andrew , Duong Tuan Dinh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDesigning and fabricating a competent cobalt‐based catalyst for sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis is of great importance. The present work reports the synthesis of hierarchical porous hollow core‐shell framework cobalt oxide (HCSCO) via etching and calcination processes, which is then employed for catalyzing NaBH4 hydrolysis. The surface morphology and the hollow core‐shell framework of HCSCO were revealed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses; the crystalline structure and the formation of Co3O4 in HCSCO were determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy; the surface area and porosity of HCSCO were verified by N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherm; and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to examine the chemical states of HCSCO. The as‐prepared HCSCO showed prominent catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 to generate H2 with a H2 generation rate of 441 ml min−1 gcatalyst−1 and a low activation energy (Ea) of 34.8 kJ mol−1. This Ea value of HCSCO is substantially lower than that of other catalysts, including noble metal catalysts or composites reported in the literature. Besides, HCSCO could remain its superb activity (~100 % H2 generation efficiency) over multiple hydrolysis cycles without significant changes of morphology and microstructure. The catalytic hydrolysis mechanism for H2 generation from NaBH4 using HCSCO is also proposed. This work provides a valuable strategy for the synthesis and fabrication of state‐of‐art catalysts for H2 generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4.
Benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk of low‐dose computed tomography lung cancer screening
Authors: Hendrick R. Edward , Smith Robert A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe US National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and Dutch‐Belgian NELSON randomized controlled trials have shown significant mortality reductions from low‐dose computed tomography (CT) lung cancer screening (LCS). NLST, ITALUNG, and COSMOS trials have provided detailed dosimetry data for LCS.MethodsLCS trial mortality benefit results, organ dose and effective dose data, and Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation, Report VII (BEIR VII) organ dose‐to‐cancer‐mortality risk data are used to estimate benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios of the NLST, ITALUNG, and COSMOS trials. Data from those trials also are used to estimate benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios for longer‐term LCS corresponding to scenarios recommended by United States Preventive Services Task Force and the American Cancer Society.ResultsIncluding only screening doses, NLST benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios are 12:1 for males, 19:1 for females, and 16:1 overall. Including both screening and estimated follow‐up doses, benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios for NLST are 9:1 for males, 13:1 for females, and 12:1 overall. For the ITALUNG trial, the benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratio is 58–63:1. For the COSMOS trial, assuming sex‐specific mortality benefits like those of the NELSON trial, the benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratio is 23:1. Assuming a conservative 20% mortality benefit, annual screening in people 50–79 years old with a 20+ pack‐year history of smoking has benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios of 23:1 (with follow‐up doses adding 40% to screening doses) to 29:1 (with follow‐up adding 10%) based on COSMOS dose data.ConclusionsBased on linear, no threshold BEIR VII dose‐risk estimates, benefit‐to‐radiation‐risk ratios for LCS are highly favorable. Results emphasize the importance of using modern CT technologies, maintaining low diagnostic follow‐up rates, and minimizing both screening and diagnostic follow‐up doses.Plain Language Summary

The benefits of lung cancer screening significantly outweigh estimates of future harms associated with exposure to radiation during screening and diagnostic follow‐up examinations.
Our findings emphasize the importance of lung cancer screening practices using state‐of‐the‐art computed tomography scanners and specialized low‐dose lung screening and diagnostic follow‐up techniques.
Assessing the impact of increasing lung screening eligibility by relaxing the maximum years‐since‐quit threshold: A simulation modeling study
Authors: Meza Rafael , Cao Pianpian , de Nijs Koen , Jeon Jihyoun , Smith Robert A. , ten Haaf Kevin , de Koning Harry 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force expanded its lung screening recommendation to include persons aged 50–80 years who had ever smoked and had at least 20 pack‐years of exposure and less than 15 years since quitting (YSQ). However, studies have suggested that screening persons who formerly smoked with longer YSQ could be beneficial.MethodsThe authors used two validated lung cancer models to assess the benefits and harms of screening using various YSQ thresholds (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and no YSQ) and the age at which screening was stopped. The impact of enforcing the YSQ criterion only at entry, but not at exit, also was evaluated. Outcomes included the number of screens, the percentage ever screened, screening benefits (lung cancer deaths averted, life‐years gained), and harms (false‐positive tests, overdiagnosed cases, radiation‐induced lung cancer deaths). Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of restricting screening to those who had at least 5 years of life expectancy.ResultsAs the YSQ criterion was relaxed, the number of screens and the benefits and harms of screening increased. Raising the age at which to stop screening age resulted in additional benefits but with more overdiagnosis, as expected, because screening among those older than 80 years increased. Limiting screening to those who had at least 5 years of life expectancy would maintain most of the benefits while considerably reducing the harms.ConclusionsExpanding screening to persons who formerly smoked and have greater than 15 YSQ would result in considerable increases in deaths averted and life‐years gained. Although additional harms would occur, these could be moderated by ensuring that screening is restricted to only those with reasonable life expectancy.
MOSFET only low power sub‐bandgap voltage reference by subtraction of slope compensated proportional‐to‐absolute‐temperature voltage references
Authors: Thomas Abraham Nithin , K.J. Dhanaraj 
Published: November 2023

SummaryVoltage references are typically designed by combining a complimentary to absolute temperature (CTAT) and proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage references. However, in contrast to conventional voltage references, the proposed circuit generates a voltage reference by subtracting two PTAT voltages, resulting in an extremely low process‐dependent voltage reference. A novel subtractor is also proposed for subtracting PTAT voltages, which is used to generate the reference voltage. The temperature coefficient of the proposed voltage reference is further improved using a novel PTAT slope compensation technique. The proposed voltage reference is a MOS‐only ultra‐low power circuit that works with sub‐bandgap supply voltage. Simulation results using UMC 0.18 m technology MOSFETs show that the proposed circuit has a line sensitivity of 0.5%/V, a temperature coefficient of 21.37 ppm/° C, a power consumption of 15.6 nW, and an output voltage variation of only 0.22% due to process variations.
Participatory development of a home‐based depression care model with lived experience older Nigerians and their caregivers: A theory of change
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Daley Stephanie , Feeney Yvonne , Elugbadebo Olufisayo , Kola Lola , Gureje Oye 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectivesThere is a huge treatment gap for late‐life depression in sub‐Saharan Africa. Building on prior work to scale‐up mental healthcare with the aid of the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide electronic version (emhGAP‐IG), this study aims to involve older people in the iterative development of innovations to overcome challenges in the detection and clinical management of late‐life depression by frontline non‐specialist primary healthcare workers (PHCW) in Nigeria.MethodsThere were 43 participants in the study. We conducted formative qualitative research using 15 in‐depth key informant interviews with persons who were 60 years or older and had a recent experience of depression. We also conducted two focus group discussions comprising 13 of their caregivers. Through a full day stakeholders workshop comprising 15 participants, we drew on the results of our qualitative explorations to identify the pathway to impact of an intervention package (emhGAP‐Age) appropriate for the specific needs of persons with late‐life depression in Nigeria.ResultsA Theory of Change (ToC) map was produced. It highlights the expected long‐term outcomes of emhGAP‐Age to include the potential for improvement of the mental health and wellbeing of older people living in Nigeria and the generation of interest among governmental agencies concerned with policy and planning for mental healthcare. Key resources that serve as preconditions were identified to consist of the availability of PHCW who are skilled in the identification and treatment of depression and have interest in and commitment to providing care to older people. Required community resources include support from immediate family, neighbours, and informal groups. Interventions that are appropriate for depression in old age need to incorporate these community resources and address not only the symptoms of the condition but also comorbid physical health problems.ConclusionsA participatory ToC process led to the identification of the key components of an age‐appropriate version of the emhGAP‐IG for delivering care to older persons with depression by PHCW in Nigeria.
Tile drainage as a driver of streamflow flashiness in agricultural areas of the Midwest, USA
Authors: Adelsperger Seth R. , Ficklin Darren L. , Robeson Scott M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Midwest of the USA is a highly productive agricultural region, in part due to the installation of perforated subsurface pipes, known as tile drains that remove excess water from wet soils. Tile drains rapidly move water to nearby streams, influencing how quickly streamflow rises and falls (i.e., streamflow “flashiness”). Currently, there are no comprehensive studies that compare the extent to which tile drainage influences flashiness across large and diverse agricultural regions. We address this knowledge gap by examining growing‐season (April–October) flashiness using the Richards‐Baker Index (RBI) in 139 watersheds located throughout the Midwest. Using a spatial tile‐drainage dataset, watersheds were split into low, medium, and high tile‐drainage classes. We found no significant differences between the flashiness of these three classes using a one‐way Kruskal–Wallis test. When watersheds were separated into infiltration groups to help control for different soil types, the high tile‐drainage class RBI was significantly higher than the low tile‐drainage class RBI in the high infiltration group. To further understand the causes of flashiness, additional environmental variables and their relationship to flashiness were examined using multivariate regression. In the low infiltration group, tile drainage significantly reduced flashiness, with watershed area and average depth to water table being the largest influences on flashiness. Tile drainage produced a larger reduction in flashiness in the high infiltration watersheds, with the largest influences being percent clay in the watershed and watershed area. These results indicate that the influence of tile drainage on flashiness emerges only after other watershed variables are accounted for. Given that tile drainage may increase in the future as precipitation patterns and extremes change, flashiness will likely continue to be modified. These results lead to an improved understanding of flood‐generating and nutrient transport mechanisms that are relevant to stakeholders across a wide range of sectors.
Peritumoral SPARC expression induced by exosomes from nasopharyngeal carcinoma infected Epstein‐Barr virus: A poor prognostic marker
Authors: Dochi Hirotomo , Kondo Satoru , Komura Shigetaka , Moriyama‐Kita Makiko , Komori Takeshi , Nanbo Asuka , Sakaguchi Miako , Fukuyo Masaki , Hamabe‐Horiike Toshihide , Tanaka Mariko , Mizokami Harue , Kano Makoto , Kitagawa Yuki , Kobayashi Eiji , Hirai Nobuyuki , Ueno Takayoshi , Nakanishi Yosuke , Endo Kazuhira , Sugimoto Hisashi , Hanayama Rikinari , Kaneda Atsushi , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells have high metastatic potential. Recent research has revealed that the interaction of between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we showed the prognostic value of expression of SPARC, an extracellular matrix protein with multiple cellular functions, in normal adjacent tissues (NAT) surrounding NPC. In the immunohistochemical analysis of 51 NPC biopsy specimens, SPARC expression levels were significantly elevated in the NAT of EBER (EBV‐encoded small RNA)‐positive NPC compared to that in the NAT of EBER‐negative NPC. Moreover, increased SPARC expression in NAT was associated with a worsening of overall survival. The enrichment analysis of RNA‐seq of publicly available NPC and NAT surrounding NPC data showed that high SPARC expression in NPC was associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition promotion, and there was a dynamic change in the gene expression profile associated with interference of cellular proliferation in NAT, including SPARC expression. Furthermore, EBV‐positive NPC cells induce SPARC expression in normal nasopharyngeal cells via exosomes. Induction of SPARC in cancer‐surrounding NAT cells reduced intercellular adhesion in normal nasopharyngeal structures and promoted cell competition between cancer cells and normal epithelial cells. These results suggest that epithelial cells loosen their own binding with the extracellular matrix as well as stromal cells, facilitating the invasion of tumor cells into the adjacent stroma by activating cell competition. Our findings reveal a new mechanism by which EBV creates a pro‐metastatic microenvironment by upregulating SPARC expression in NPC.
Browning of white adipose tissue may be an appropriate adaptive response to critical illness
Authors: McClave Stephen A. , Martindale Robert G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBoth the baseline amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the capacity to stimulate browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) may provide a protective effect to the patient in a critical care setting. Critical illness is associated with reduced mitochondrial volume and function resulting in the increased production of reactive oxygen species, greater demand for adenosine triphosphate, a switch to uncoupled fat metabolism, and hibernation of the organelle, which all contribute to multiple organ failure. Increasing insulin resistance, decreasing fatty acid oxidation, and dependence on carbohydrate metabolism result. Browning of WAT may oppose many of these adverse effects. The presence of BAT and the changes associated with browning may help dissipate oxidative stress, increase consumption and utilization of metabolites, and reduce pro‐inflammatory actions. The number of mitochondria increases, and there is greater infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. A shift occurs in macrophage expression from the M1 to M2 phenotype, an effect which further dampens inflammation, increases insulin sensitivity, and improves tissue healing and remodeling. Any benefit from these responses may be lost in the disease states of chronic hypermetabolism (such as burns or cancer cachexia) in which the persistence of these physiologic effects may become detrimental, contributing to excessive weight loss, adipose wasting, and loss of lean body mass. This paper discusses the plasticity of adipose tissue and whether shifts in its physiology provide clinical advantages in the intensive care unit.
Suppression of subgingival bacteria by antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using transgingival irradiation: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hayashi Jun‐ichiro , Ono Kohta , Iwamura Yuki , Sasaki Yasuyuki , Ohno Tasuku , Goto Ryoma , Nishida Eisaku , Yamamoto Genta , Kikuchi Takeshi , Higuchi Naoya , Mitani Akio , Fukuda Mitsuo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAntimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an effective method for eradicating bacteria in periodontal therapy. Standard aPDT requires the insertion of a laser tip into a periodontal pocket, in which the direction of irradiation is limited. Therefore, we devised an aPDT method that uses a transgingival near‐infrared wavelength and indocyanine green‐encapsulated and chitosan‐coated nanoparticles as a photosensitizer.MethodsForty patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy, who had a single root tooth with a pocket of 5 mm or deeper, were used as subjects. In the test group, aPDT was performed by laser irradiation from outside the gingiva using photosensitizer nanoparticles. In the control group, pseudo aPDT without photosensitizer was performed by transgingival irradiation. Subgingival plaque was sampled from inside the pocket before, immediately after, and 1 week after treatment, and evaluated by colony counting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age, sex, periodontal pocket depth, and bleeding on probing between the test and control groups. Compared with the colony count before treatment, the count in the test group was significantly reduced immediately after treatment. The number of patients with colony reduction to ≤50% and ≤10% was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. None of the participants reported pain, although one participant reported discomfort.ConclusionAs a bacterial control method for residual pockets in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy, transgingival aPDT is a promising treatment strategy that is not generally accompanied by pain or discomfort.