bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taking a step back from glass towers facades to make them compatible with the 2050 targets
Authors: Paule B. , Aguacil Moreno S. , Beckers B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Skyscrapers or glass towers are an extremely common model throughout the world. In the current context of climate change and resource depletion, we need to develop new postures towards these objects, especially for existing buildings that are becoming obsolete. This article begins by showing how the nature of the facades of these buildings influences the urban climate. It continues with the analysis of an emblematic building from the 1970s, the Tour Areva in Paris-La Défense (France). Through this typical example, we show how it is possible to improve the quality of use and the energy performance by exploring various scenarios. The main theme is the transformation of the façade and how it is possible, through different actions, to simultaneously improve daylighting performance, visual and thermal comfort and overall energy performance. New approaches to geometry and photometry are explored and show, through daylighting and thermal simulations, that it is possible to give these objects a new start. This work concludes with a life cycle analysis that quantifies the valorization of the intrinsic energy stock associated with the building and which elements can be conserved or reused. In this project, we demonstrate that with good design, it is possible to convert these office buildings into pleasant and generous flats and to achieve a high level of energy efficiency and comfort, without forgetting the environmental objectives for the 2050 horizon.
Fictitious cooling/heating: from free-floating thermal discomfort to energy needs, different approaches toward labelling free-running buildings
Authors: Chiesa G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Free-running (FR) buildings and technologies, e.g. ventilative cooling, are generally not considered and valorised in energy labelling schemes. The paper analyses three approaches to transfer discomfort conditions into comparable fictitious energy needs in order to evaluate FR building performances. The first approach adds a virtual mechanical system to the FR building; the second approach includes in the previous the effect of controlled free-running potentialities, e.g. ventilative cooling in summer, while in the third one, fictitious energy needs are calculated by coupling a double simulation flow, i.e. FR vs mechanical-treated building, assuming energy needs from the latter when the first is exceeding assumed discomfort thresholds. The paper underlines a very high correlation between energy needs and parallel FR indoor temperatures. Initial results show how the first approach loses the FR potential, while the second and the third can valorise FR technologies. The choice of different discomfort thresholds can be used to orient the impact of FR technologies from very to slightly positive.
Investigating the Impact of Heat Stress and Green Space Accessibility for At-Risk Communities
Authors: Zendeli D , Colaninno N , Morello E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work addresses the urban heat island issue and its impact on vulnerable populations in cities. Urban heat islands refer to the phenomenon where temperatures in built-up areas exceed those of surrounding rural regions due to the absorption and retention of heat by built-up surfaces and the lack of vegetation. The study focuses on Milan and uses data from Daytime Near-Surface Air Temperature estimates and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to assess accessibility to green spaces during an extreme heat event. The goal is to establish a practical approach for assessing urban areas that are particularly vulnerable to extreme heat and have low accessibility to possible ‘urban cool islands’ to inform climate-proof urban planning, design, and policies and promote equitable access to green spaces. The methodology involves constructing a 3x3 table containing nine classes based on matrix logic, representing different degrees of thermal perception-based accessibility to green. The results of this study could be used to prioritize interventions to increase thermal comfort and achieve a more sustainable urban environment.
Optimization of the thermal-optical performance of a PCM-integrated thermochromic glazing system
Authors: Long X , Jin Q , Sun Q 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Facades that employ adaptive technologies have shown great potential in enhancing building energy efficiency. This study investigates a novel phase-change material integrated thermochromic glazing (PCM-TCG), and applies it on skylights of an exhibition building in Shanghai. Thermal performance and daylighting performance of the building were analysed using Fluent and Grasshopper/Honeybee respectively and they were optimized through Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II. It was found that on summer solstice and winter solstice, the optimized solution provided an excellent trade-off between thermal and daylighting performance, reducing the total energy demand by 88% and increasing the daylighting satisfaction time by 5 hours compared to low-E glazing on summer solstice and winter solstice.
Investigating and modelling of highly stressed firearms parts
Authors: Hmmad M M , Abdelsalam O , Elsabbagh A , Taha Mohamed A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, there have been too many Pulemyot Kalashnikova Modernizirovannyi (PKM) machine gun bolts that have failed during the firing process. Due to the increased temperature, higher propellant gas pressure, and thermal accumulation, the bolt body is exposed to sever circumstances for ablating, corroding, and erosion. In this paper, the reasons of failure of PKM bolts during firing were evaluated first based on metallurgical experiments. Then, analysing the failure is done by create an accurate finite element model of the bolt body, calculating the cyclic fatigue life and safety factor, determining the causes of failure and be verified showing that failure locations are exactly as shown in the photographic record. the original bolt dimensions were measured using laser scanning, and a CAD model of the bolt was created. Photographic records, visual inspection, chemical analysis, SEM, and hardness measurements, all these metallurgical experiments have been done. The stress distributions and fatigue behavior of the failed bolt are both determined using the Finite Element Method (FEM). This study suggests that fatigue played a role in bolt failure. Furthermore, SEM examinations reveal that the materials contain dimple fractures. The bolt’s fatigue life was decreased by these dimpled fractures.
Study of dynamic characteristics of a new suggested recoiling mortar system
Authors: Selim M , Elsaady W , Abdelsalam O , Ibrahim A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study the characteristics of recoil motion of a new suggested recoil system designed for the Russian 120- mm PM-38 mortar, rather than the conventional fixed-barrel mortar system. The new recoil system enables to reduce the total force imparted by the mortar system to the carriage, with the purpose of the mortar can be mounted on tracked/wheeled vehicles. The paper presents the suggestion of the new recoiling mortar system along with the discussion of the presentation of constructional considerations and constraints. The dynamic characteristics of recoil motion have been modelled with the aid of a new mathematical model that have been established using MATLAB software. As a result of the suggestion of the new recoiling mortar system, the maximum recoil resistance force is predicted to be reduced by more than 60% compared to that in the traditional fixed-barrel mortar system. In addition, the maximum recoil distance was predicted to be around 26 cm.
Effects of using a novel fuel vaporizer on partially premixed charge compression ignition (PPCCI) engine emissions, performance, and combustion characteristics
Authors: Elkelawy M , Bastawissi H A , El Shenawy E A , El-Gamal M A M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Environmental concerns of toxic emissions and depleting of fossil fuel supplies due to their excessive usage as the main source of energy have raised interests in the creation of novel combustion modes that result in reduction of combustion temperatures and produce low emissions. In comparison to conventional diesel engines, the partially pre-mixed charged compression ignition (PPCCI) combustion strategy has demonstrated its ability to significantly reduce emissions carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), carbon dioxide (CO2) and smoke opacity. In order to compare the results with those of conventional engines, the current experimental work’s objective is to investigate the combustion, performance, and exhaust emissions characteristics of PPCCI engines. A single-cylinder, air-cooled, 4-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine that had been modified to run in PPCCI mode was used for the experiments. An external mixture formation technique with a fuel vaporizer is added to create the homogeneous mixture for PPCCI combustion. After being heated to the point of vaporization, liquid diesel fuel vapor was mixed with some fresh air and then the mixture directed to the intake manifold, where it was mixed with the remaining fresh air to create an external homogenous mixture that filled the combustion chamber. The tests were conducted at different premixed ratios of diesel fuel proportions of 15%, 20%, and 30% in the intake port. However, the fuel vaporizer chamber was kept at fixed temperature of 100 °C, 105 °C, 110 °C, 115 °C, and 120 °C. The PPCCI engine results were compared with the conventional engine data. Results from the PCCI technique at various premixed ratios indicate a certain decrement for HC, CO, NOX, and smoke emissions, rising in BTE “brake thermal efficiency”. At 30% premixed ratio of the fuel vapour inducted at 110 °C in PCCI mode give the best results as the brake thermal efficiency raised from 28.8% for CDC mode to 34.2% for PCCI mode at full load. Additionally, NOX emissions decreased from 615 PPM to 550 PPM, HC emission decreased to 30 PPM, CO emission decreased from 0.09% to 0.06% and a decrease in smoke opacity from 38% to 19.3%.
Intelligent robust adaptive attitude controller for small satellites
Authors: Elrouby A , Hendy H , Ashry M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This work addresses the issue of small-satellite attitude control. This satellite’s Attitude-Control-System (ACS) is managed by an intelligent controller built on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). ANFIS control approach is designed to improve the satellite’s angular mobility along its axes. Two simulation scenarios have been tackled. In the first scenario, ACS system efficiency was evaluated and contrasted with ACS based on a PD controller optimized by a genetic-algorithm for the nonlinear system model and a Linear-Quadratic-Regulator (LQR) in the existence of input environmental disturbances. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the proposed control technique successfully addresses the mobility issue of a small satellite. Inaccuracies in the satellite’s parameters, torque noise brought on by the vibration of the actuators, and external disturbances were added in the second scenario. The proposed ANFIS controller has demonstrated robust, reliable performance for control of the ACS.
A land vehicle’s INS/GNSS integrated navigation system using left invariant extended kalman filter
Authors: Ibrahim A , Azouz A , Abosekeen A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Land vehicles need high-precision navigational systems in which multi-sensor integration may be provided. Moreover, land vehicles regularly use Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to estimate their position. Unfortunately, several locations, such as tunnels and inside parking garages, where GNSS signals cannot be detected. Several types of research have been conducted to improve positioning information using multi-sensor integration. Then, the vehicle needs another system for finding its location in GNSS-denied conditions, such as Inertial Navigation System (INS). Despite the accuracy of INS in short-time period use, inertial navigation systems (INS) are liable to drifts of their positioning solution due to the inertial sensor errors that are inherent to them; therefore, this problem leads to errors accumulation over time then integration techniques are used to eliminate the resulting errors. Moreover, many filters are used in the process of integration, such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), Particular Filter (PF) and Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF). Moreover, this work introduces the left-invariant extended Kalman filter (LIEKF) as a navigation filter for a loosely coupled integration to eliminate positioning errors. Furthermore, the LIEKF is based on the symmetry-preserving observer theory, which claims that the estimation error depends on the theory of a Lie group matrix, and the proposed system INS/GPS-based LIEKF converges to constant values, unlike the traditional INS/GPS. Moreover, the proposed system INS/GPS-based LIEKF depends on State-estimate-independent Jacobians, and the LIEKF is more efficient and has better performance due to results such as the 2D position RMS error due to the INS/GPS-based EKF is 19.43m. However, the 2D position RMS error due to the INS/GPS-based LIEKF is 3.32m with 83% improvement. Moreover, the 2D position errors were enhanced using the INS/GPS-based LIEKF system compared to the INS/GPS-based EKF system.
Low-cost noise maker for testing acoustically guided unmanned vehicles
Authors: Mousa W A , Tork H , Abdallah A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Testing the performance of the Acoustically Guided Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (AGUUV) prior to its deployment is essential to ensure its ability to perform the required tasks accurately. These systems can be deployed from boats or helicopters to scan areas of military and economic importance for threats. These threats such as aircrafts carriers, ships, submarines, divers, and autonomous surface vehicles. The problem of implementing a low-cost high-performance noise maker (LCNM) which is suitable for being used as a test target instead of different threats for AGUUVs is the motivation of this paper. Lab experiments and sea trials are performed using the proposed noise maker to demonstrate the proper operation of the AGUUV. Lab experiments showed that the radiated noise of the proposed noise maker has high power in the frequency band between 5 to 8 kHz. The measured signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the introduced LCNM is 30 dB in this band. The experimental results presented in this paper show the feasibility of using the proposed LCNM effectively to test the AGUUVs.
Comparative Study Of Energy Balance For A 3U CubeSat For Different Orientation Flight Scenarios
Authors: Hosny I , Mokhtar A , Safwat I M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The CubeSat standard makes development, launch, and operation possible for those with no experience in space technology to participate. The power demand coverage by the power supply system during all modes of operation is a critical issue that needs to focus on to avoid satellite mission failure. Therefore, the solar array (SA) and battery pack should be sized precisely based on the satellite architecture and flight orientation scenarios. A 3U Cube-Satellite has been used as a case study to evaluate the effect of satellite flight orientation (Nadir and sun tracking) on the energy balance between the supply system and the load demand and find out the appropriate flight orientation for achieving the mission successfully. The orbit simulation has been done via STK environment for both flight orientation scenarios with the same load profile where the electrical power system (EPS) has confronted the worst-case scenario of operation. Furthermore, the unregulated bus configuration has been selected to simulate EPS response during the orbit period using SIMULINK for different orientation flight scenarios.
Evaluation of jitter vibration-induced image interpretability degradation for remote sensing data using GIQE
Authors: Ali M A , Omer A , Eltohamy F , Hanafy M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Remote sensing data plays an important role in various military and civilian applications. The quality of remote sensing data is the key to the success of these applications. remote sensing data are subjected to a variety of distortions from different sources, including acquisition, onboard compression, transmission, on-ground processing, and satellite vibrations. These distortions cause a great loss of image quality. In this paper, jitter vibration is modeled according to the modulation transfer function (MTF). Jitter-induced degradation is evaluated in terms of the National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS), which is measured in terms of the general image quality equation (GIQE). A study on the third, fourth, and fifth versions of the GIQE is made using a remote sensing data set to select the appropriate version that could be used in evaluating the amount of jitter-induced degradation. The key result of this paper is that the fourth version of the GIQE is the most proper one in evaluating the amount of jitter-induced degradation.
Flexural investigation of a composite trussed-beam for aerospace shelters using numerical modelling
Authors: Lofty E A , Kamal I M , Hassan M A , Hassan K M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The composite beams used in aerospace shelters are always exposed to many problems such as: expensive repairing and maintenance costs, and low durability. This research aims to investigate the effect of reinforcing hybrid composite beams with embedded steel-angle truss system (Trussed-beam) inside concrete cover to be used in aerospace structures and shelters. Foremost, a reliable finite element (FE) model was conducted to verify a previous experimental result of a trussed beam, using ABAQUS software. Then, a parametric study was conducted to optimize several parameters, using the reliable FE model. Six composite trussed-beam specimens were modelled to investigate the ultimate flexural capacity. Load-displacement curve was utilized to measure the flexural capacity of the beams. Based on the results obtained from the current study, the composite trussed beam, which is web reinforced by inclined steel Plates, with angle of inclination of 45 degrees obtained significant results relative to the traditional reinforced concrete beam. These hybrid composite beams’ flexural behaviour was significantly improved by increasing their compressive strength.
A Comparative Azeotropic Research on Combustion of Common Ternary Systems
Authors: Abdelhafiz M , Hussein A K , Naeim I , Shalaby A , Azazy A , Saleh A , Tolba S , Elbeih A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) and Methanol are effective fuel oxygenate that boost octane number, improve fuel performance, combustion behavior and minimize environmental pollutant emissions. In the petroleum business, however, their high-water solubility restricts their use in terms of fuel homogeneity loss. This work presents a full investigation map for the status of the phase diagram for the tertiary system of MTBE-methanol-water at different temperatures; 0, 40, and 70oC, and different pressures; 1.0 and 3.0 atm, based on different compositions. Furthermore, the thermodynamic coefficient, UNIFAC-LL, was linked to the Aspen plus Version 9. After validation of the software by the real experimental data, the software was used to complete the full map at all missing conditions. Pressure does not influence the occurrence of phase transitions, but the temperature has a minor effect on the LLE. The methanol concentration at which phase separation occurred dropped from 43% to 31.2% when the temperature was lowered from 70 to 40°C. With the use of simulation, the compositions at which phase separation occurs were also discovered. Last but not least, it was observed that the thermodynamic model (UNIFAC-LL) properly predicted the behavior of the methanol-water–MTBE ternary system with less than 3% inaccuracy in the binodal curve points. Consequently, a validated phase diagram is developed to accurately predict the physical state of the MTBE-methanol-water system at ant temperature, pressure, and mole fraction of each component. Hence, it guarantees the feasibility of using this tertiary system, as an effective octane booster additive, under severe working conditions.
Multivariate Image Analysis for Core Monitoring in PWRs
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed Y.M. , Nagla Tarek F. , Elsamahy Mohamed , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A.E. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In pressurized water reactor (PWR) it is crucial for the operator to monitor the reactor parameters at the same time, such as temperature, pressure, boron concentration, control rod position, coolant density, etc., in order to make proper decision. However, the huge size of data reading from the different instrumentations, in addition to the limited human ability to visually detect, interpret, assess add a lot of uncertainty to the operator qualitative and quantitative analysis of the reactor performance. Therefore, this paper proposes the utilization of radial thermal flux maps (Neutron Images) technique, positioned on the reactor core as a sensitive monitoring technique for all changes of the reactor parameters as a result of the position of the control rods changing. Hence, the features contained in these neutron images are extracted (Multivariate image analysis and regression) via Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Cluster Analysis (Dendrogram). To determine the effectiveness of the suggested technique in determining the location of the control-rods, several simulations are run. The 3D TRITON FORTRAN-code was utilized to simulate the radial thermal neutron flux of the Westinghouse 2775-MWth PWR benchmark at 100% thermal power generation. The SIMCA software programme is used to develop, test, and generalise the PCA model. Additionally, clustering analysis (CA) is carried out using the statistics software programme Minitab in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested method.
Experimental Investigation on Effect of Hoop Thickness on Performance of Hooped Pelton Wheel
Authors: Chaudhari Gaurangkumar , Channiwala Salim , Shah Samip , Kulshreshtha Digvijay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A recent improvement in Pelton runner design, the hooped runner, is based on a redistribution of behaviour among the buckets and hoops and which allows stresses to be minimized and efficiency is nearly equivalent to conventional Pelton Runner apart from low nozzle opening of 40% and 60%. This advanced design having a couple of superiority from the mechanical orientation as well as from the assembly point of view without any different difficulty from the hydraulic orientation that establishes the significance of this unique concept. In the present work, an actual laboratory-scale hooped Pelton runner is developed. The thickness of its hoop is varied as 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm and to prove the competence of this advanced design and the influence of hoop thickness on the hydraulic performance of the Pelton wheel, detailed experimental studies have been performed. From the results it has been concluded that the power output and efficiency of hooped Pelton runner are nearly the same as the conventional Pelton runner at all nozzle opening.