bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of serine/glycine lipids by human gingival cells in culture
Authors: Guido Tyler M. , Ratcliffe Samuel D. , Rahmlow Amanda , Zambrello Matthew A. , Provates Anthony A. , Clark Robert B. , Smith Michael B. , Nichols Frank C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis produces five classes of serine/glycine lipids that are recovered in lipid extracts from periodontitis‐afflicted teeth and diseased gingival tissues, particularly at sites of periodontitis. Because these lipids are recovered in diseased gingival tissues, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), keratinocytes, and macrophages to hydrolyze these lipids. We hypothesize that one or more of these cell types will hydrolyze the serine/glycine lipids. The primary aim was to treat these cell types for increasing time in culture with individual highly enriched serine/glycine lipid preparations. At specified times, cells and culture media samples were harvested and extracted for hydrolysis products. The serine/glycine lipids and hydrolysis products were quantified using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and free fatty acids were quantified using gas chromatograph–mass spectrometer. LC–MS analysis used two different mass spectrometric methods. This study revealed that treatment of HGF or macrophage (THP1) cells with lipid (L) 654 resulted in breakdown to L342 and subsequent release into culture medium. However, L654 was converted only to L567 in gingival keratinocytes. By contrast, L1256 was converted to L654 by fibroblasts and macrophages but no further hydrolysis or release into medium was observed. Gingival keratinocytes showed no hydrolysis of L1256 to smaller lipid products but because L1256 was not recovered in these cells, it is not clear what hydrolysis products are produced from L1256. Although primary cultures of gingival fibroblasts and macrophages are capable of hydrolyzing specific serine/glycine lipids, prior analysis of lipid extracts from diseased gingival tissues revealed significantly elevated levels of L1256 in diseased tissues. These results suggest that the hydrolysis of bacterial lipids in gingival tissues may reduce the levels of specific lipids, but the hydrolysis of L1256 is not sufficiently rapid to prevent significant accumulation at periodontal disease sites.
Quantifying the gastral mass in Early Cretaceous ornithuromorphs (Aves, Ornithothoraces) from the Jehol avifauna
Authors: Liu Shumin , Li Zhiheng , Liu Di , O'Connor Jingmai K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSome birds intentionally ingest stones to facilitate digestion of hard foodstuffs, a behaviour inherited from non‐avian dinosaurs and present in some of the earliest birds, as evidenced by clusters of gastroliths preserved within the abdominal cavity of a wide range of dinosaurs and Cretaceous birds. For the first time, high‐resolution computed laminographic and computed tomographic scans were used to reconstruct the gastral mass in two species of non‐neornithine ornithuromorph birds from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group. Four specimens of each taxon were analysed. Preservation of the gastral mass in most of these specimens is in situ and regarded as complete or nearly so. The number of gastroliths, their total volume, and their total mass relative to the estimated body mass were calculated for each specimen. The resultant gastral mass to body mass ratios fall within the range observed in extant birds, supporting previous inferences that the digestive system in non‐neornithine ornithuromorphs was comparable to that of extant taxa. Compared to available data for non‐volant non‐avian theropods, the gastral mass is proportionately smaller in birds suggesting that the evolution of flight constrained gastral mass size in the theropod lineage. Currently available data on gastral mass characteristics suggests that Iteravis ate larger food particles compared to Archaeorhynchus but cannot be used to determine diet more precisely. Better understanding of the relationship between gastral mass characteristics and food items across a broader range of extant taxa may provide an indirect but important method through which to infer diet and digestive function in archosaurs.
Molecular and morphological characterization of three novel Minorisa species (Chlorarachnea) and proposal for an emended description of the Minorisa minuta
Authors: Shiratori Takashi , Kato Yuta , Ishida Ken‐ichiro 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYMinorisa is a group of tiny uniflagellates belonging to the Cercozoa. These flagellates are the closest heterotrophic relatives of photosynthetic chlorarachniophytes and are one of the most abundant bacterivorous eukaryotes in coastal marine environments. Despite their evolutionary and ecological importance, taxonomic studies on Minorisa have not been conducted since the original description. In the present study, we isolated five Minorisa strains and performed molecular phylogenetic and microscopic analyses. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences indicated that the strains form four different subclades in Minorisa. Microscopic observations revealed that these Minorisa strains possess an amoeboid stage that lacks a flagellum. In the amoeboid stage, cells possess lobose and/or extrusive pseudopodia. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations, we revised the description of Minorisa and described the following three novel Minorisa species: Minorisa fusiformis sp. nov., Minorisa magna sp. nov. and Minorisa megafusiformis sp. nov.
Does my work matter? Reduced sense of mattering as a source of gender disparities
Authors: Lombard Ella J. , Cheryan Sapna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWomen may experience lower rates of entry and success into certain academic and professional spaces because of their observations that their work contributions are less valued than men's. We introduce sense of mattering as a mechanism that may help explain women's underrepresentation in male‐dominated fields and leadership roles, distinguish it from related constructs, and advance a theoretical framework for how sense of mattering may shape gender disparities. Women's professional contributions are often undervalued, and women perceive and anticipate this unfair disadvantage, which may in turn limit their success, retention, and representation in stereotypically masculine spaces and roles. Attending to sense of mattering has the potential to improve upon past attempts to reduce gender disparities by emphasizing the importance of increasing the extent to which women's contributions are recognized and valued.
Skin surface biomarkers are associated with future development of atopic dermatitis in children with family history of allergic disease
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Nikolovski Janet , Gould Russell , Lboukili Imane , Roux Pierre‐Francois , Al‐Ghalith Gabriel , Orie Jeremy , Insel Richard , Stamatas Georgios N. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can significantly impact quality of life and has been linked to the subsequent development of food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, an association known as the “atopic march.”ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify biomarkers collected non‐invasively from the skin surface in order to predict AD before diagnosis across a broad age range of children.MethodsNon‐invasive skin surface measures and biomarkers were collected from 160 children (3–48 months of age) of three groups: (A) healthy with no family history of allergic disease, (B) healthy with family history of allergic disease, and (C) diagnosed AD.ResultsEleven of 101 children in group B reported AD diagnosis in the subsequent 12 months following the measurements. The children who developed AD had increased skin immune markers before disease onset, compared to those who did not develop AD in the same group and to the control group. In those enrolled with AD, lesional skin was characterized by increased concentrations of certain immune markers and transepidermal water loss, and decreased skin surface hydration.ConclusionsDefining risk susceptibility before onset of AD through non‐invasive methods may help identify children who may benefit from early preventative interventions.
“My noticing lens disrupts this narrative”: Preservice mathematics teachers' awareness of the self as noticer
Authors: Rubin Ethan , van Es Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTeacher noticing has been identified as central to enacting responsive and equitable mathematics instruction. Mathematics teachers' noticing is shaped by institutional and sociopolitical narratives and ideologies that persistently marginalize culturally, socially, linguistically, and neuro‐diverse learners. Gaining insight into how one's noticing is related to these narratives can enable a teacher to identify and reflect on how they frame, attend to, and interpret classroom activity, and how that in turn can perpetuate or disrupt inequitable mathematics instruction. We conjectured that learning to systematically analyze and reflect on their own noticing can enable preservice mathematics teachers to develop their awareness of themselves as noticers to support more responsive and equitable instructional practice. Using data from summative assignments in a course focused on learning from teaching, we investigate whether and how preservice teachers (PSTs) take up frameworks for responsive and equitable teaching to narrate their noticing, and examine what their narrations reveal about how they frame mathematics instruction. Analysis reveals PSTs problematized instruction to adopt aspirational frames for equitable practice, while also re‐narrating classroom interactions from dominant perspectives. These findings have implications for PSTs' learning to notice for equity and for designing teacher education experiences for this purpose.
Knowledge and practice of radiation safety in Brazilian equine veterinarians are less than optimal: An online survey
Authors: Granella Milena Carol Sbrussi , Souza Anderson Fernando de , Zoppa André Luís do Valle De 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExposure to ionizing radiation is an occupational risk for veterinarians due to the potential for carcinogenesis, reproductive disorders, cataracts, and hereditary genetic changes. This survey study aimed to identify the radiological protection practices routinely used by veterinarians who work with portable digital X‐ray equipment in horses in Brazil and assess their knowledge regarding current legislation. A total of 120 voluntary participation questionnaires were sent to veterinarians who used portable digital radiographic equipment in horses nationwide. The frequencies of the answers were analyzed using the chi‐square test and logistic regression models. Thirty‐five veterinarians responded (29% response rate). Of these, there was a greater participation of professionals in public institutions (40%, 14/35, p < .001), with 69% from the southeast region (24/35, p < .001) and 69% (24/35, p = .028) being male. We found that self‐employed veterinarians had a higher odds ratio (OR) (9.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.39–58.44]; p = .021) of not using personal protective equipment compared with those in professional public institutions. In addition, not knowing the current legislation Collegiate Directorate Resolution 611/22 was a potential risk factor for lower radiological protection (OR, 8.00; 95% CI, [0.79–81.33]; p = 0.079). In conclusion, findings indicated that Brazilian equine veterinarians generally do not adopt adequate radiological protection against ionizing radiation during radiographic examinations and have low knowledge of the current legislation. Results can be used as background for the formulation of specific radiation protection guidelines for veterinarians and incentive educational and training strategies to reduce risks inherent to occupational exposure.
Thrust Rebalance to Extend Engine Time On-Wing With Consideration of Engine Degradation and Creep Life Consumption
Authors: Chiavegatto Rafael , Li Yi-Guang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Over the years, airlines have consistently attempted to lower their operational costs and improve aircraft availability by applying various technologies. Engine maintenance expenses are one of the most substantial costs for aircraft operations, accounting for around 30% of overall aircraft operational costs. So, maximizing aircraft time between overhaul (TBO) is crucial to lowering the costs. The engine time on-wing is often limited due to the expiration of Life Limiting Parts, performance deterioration, etc. This paper presents a novel method of rebalancing the thrust of engines of an aircraft to maximize the time between overhaul of the aircraft considering the performance degradation and creep life consumption of the engines. The method is applied to a model aircraft fitted with two model engines similar to GE90-115B to test the feasibility of the method with one engine degraded and the other engine undergraded. The obtained results demonstrate that for the aircraft flying between London and Toronto with 5000 nominal flight cycles given to the engines, the time on-wing of the degraded engine could drop from 5000 to 2460 flight days due to its high-pressure (HP) turbine degradation (1% efficiency degradation and 3% flow capacity degradation), causing the same level of drop of time between overhaul of the aircraft. The time on-wing of the degraded engine could increase from 2460 flight days without thrust rebalance to 3410 flight days with thrust rebalance, i. e. around 38.6% potential improvement for the time between overhaul of the aircraft at the expenses of increased creep life consumption rate of the clean engine. The proposed method could be applied to other aircraft and engines.
A Numerical Test Rig for Turbomachinery Flows Based on Large Eddy Simulations With a High-Order Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme—Part II: Shock Capturing and Transonic Flows
Authors: Klose Bjoern F. , Morsbach Christian , Bergmann Michael , Hergt Alexander , Klinner Joachim , Grund Sebastian , Kügeler Edmund 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the second paper of this three-part series, we focus on the simulation of transonic test cases for turbomachinery applications using a high-order discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM). High-fidelity simulations of transonic compressors and turbines are particularly challenging, as they typically occur at high Reynolds numbers and require additional treatment to reliably capture the shock waves characterizing such flows. A recently developed finite-volume subcell shock capturing scheme tailored for the DGSEM is applied and evaluated with regard to the shock sensor. To this end, we conduct implicit large eddy simulations of a high-pressure turbine cascade from the public literature and a transonic compressor cascade measured at the German Aerospace Center, both at a high Reynolds number above 106. Based on the results, we examine modal-energy and flow-feature based shock indicator functions, compare the simulation data to experimental and numerical studies, and present an analysis of the unsteady features of the flows.
The Efficacy of Electromechanical Impedance Monitoring of Embedded Piezoelectric Ceramic Lead Zirconium Titanate Sensors in Different Orientations for Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Structures Hydration
Authors: Shivangi  , Singh Priyanka , Mohammed Bashar S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the influence of the orientation of embedded piezoelectric ceramic lead zirconium titanate (PZT) on the mechanical performance of hybrid fiber-reinforced (polypropylene and glass fiber) concrete beams was evaluated. The performance of concrete was evaluated under self-weight, followed by assessing the mechanical property using the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique after optimization of M30 grade concrete with polypropylene fiber and glass fiber. PZT patches are embedded at different orientations, i.e., 0 deg, 45 deg, and 90 deg, with the axis of the structure for monitoring the hydration of the RC beam. The change in stiffness due to heat hydration in the concrete structure after 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days was observed by curing hybrid concrete beams and examining them after 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. On the fifth day, beams were simply supported and allowed to deflect under their weight, and measurements of heat hydration in terms of conductance at frequencies ranging between 1 and 1000 kHz were done. Similarly, days 7, 14, 21, and 28 were done. Day 5 was considered the baseline. It is noted that the PZT sensor placed at an angle of 45 deg is the least effective in recording the incremental changes in hydration that occurred in the concrete beam. The highest quality results were obtained at 90 deg, which is further demonstrated by statistically quantifying the changes using the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) percentage method and proves to be the most optimized orientation to obtain the stiffness of the hybrid reinforced beam in terms of conductance.
Hydroxamate-based compounds are potent inhibitors of
Toxoplasma gondii
HDAC biological activity
Authors: Boissavy Tom , Rotili Dante , Mouveaux Thomas , Roger Emmanuel , Aliouat El Moukthar , Pierrot Christine , Valente Sergio , Mai Antonello , Gissot Mathieu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasmosis is a critical health issue for immune-deficient individuals and the offspring of newly infected mothers. It is caused by a unicellular intracellular parasite called
Toxoplasma gondii
that is found worldwide. Although efficient drugs are commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis, serious adverse events are common. Therefore, new compounds with potent anti-
T
.
gondii
activity are needed to provide better suited treatments. We have tested compounds designed to target specifically histone deacetylase enzymes. Among the 55 compounds tested, we identified three compounds showing a concentration of drug required for 50% inhibition (IC
50
) in the low 100 nM range with a selectivity index of more than 100. These compounds are not only active at inhibiting the growth of the parasite
in vitro
but also at preventing some of the consequences of the acute disease
in vivo
. Two of these hydroxamate based compound also induce a hyper-acetylation of the parasite histones while the parasitic acetylated tubulin level remains unchanged. These findings suggest that the enzymes regulating histone acetylation are potent therapeutic targets for the treatment of acute toxoplasmosis.
Lifetime cumulative effect of reproductive factors on ischaemic heart disease in a prospective cohort
Authors: Hou Leying , Liu Wen , Sun Weidi , Cao Jin , Shan Shiyi , Feng Yan , Zhou Yimin , Yuan Changzheng , Li Xue , Song Peige 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association between lifetime oestrogen exposure and ischaemic heart disease (IHD), based on the hypothesis that higher lifetime oestrogen exposure is linked to lower cardiovascular risk.MethodsIn 2004–2008, lifetime cumulative exposure to reproductive factors was assessed among postmenopausal females from the China Kadoorie Biobank using reproductive lifespan (RLS), endogenous oestrogen exposure (EEE) and total oestrogen exposure (TEE). EEE was calculated by subtracting pregnancy-related and contraceptive use duration from RLS, while TEE by adding up the same components except for lactation. Incident IHD during follow-up (2004–2015) was identified. Stratified Cox proportional hazards models estimated the HRs and 95% CIs of IHD for RLS, EEE and TEE.ResultsAmong 118 855 postmenopausal females, 13 162 (11.1%) developed IHD during a median follow-up of 8.9 years. The IHD incidence rates were 13.0, 12.1, 12.5, 13.8 per 1000 person-years for RLS Q1–Q4, 15.8, 12.6, 11.3, 12.1 per 1000 person-years for EEE Q1–Q4 and 13.7, 12.3, 12.2, 13.4 per 1000 person-years for TEE Q1–Q4. The highest quartile (Q4) of RLS and TEE were associated with lower risks of IHD (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.00 and 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97, respectively) compared with the lowest quartile (Q1). Longer EEE showed progressively lower risks of incident IHD (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97; 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.93; 0.87, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92 for Q2–Q4 vs Q1).ConclusionsLonger RLS, TEE and EEE were associated with lower risks of IHD among Chinese postmenopausal females.
Relationship between retinal microvascular impairment and subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE
Authors: Ferrigno Sara , Conigliaro Paola , Rizza Stefano , Longo Susanna , Nesi Carolina , Carlucci Federico , Bergamini Alberto , Mancino Raffaele , Nucci Carlo , Federici Massimo , Chimenti Maria Sole , Cesareo Massimo 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesPatients with SLE have higher cardiovascular (CV) risk compared with healthy controls (HC) and are characterised by accelerated atherosclerosis; intima media thickness (IMT), marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, is higher in patients with SLE than in HCs. Retinal microvascular impairment detected through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was investigated as a marker of systemic vascular involvement in SLE.The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between retinal vascular impairment and IMT in SLE.MethodsCross-sectional study recruiting patients with SLE and HCs. Data of the study population were collected. CV risk was evaluated through the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines, Framingham and QRESEARCH risk estimator V.3 (QRISK3) scores. Both groups underwent OCTA and carotid ultrasound with IMT assessment.Statistical analysis was accomplished using Pearson/Spearman, t-test/Mann-Whitney or χ2test. Variables statistically significant at univariate regression analysis were tested in an age-corrected and sex-corrected multivariate regression model.Results43 patients with SLE and 34 HCs were recruited. Patients with SLE showed higher triglycerides (p=0.019), Triglycerides-Glucose (TyG) Index (p=0.035), ACC/AHA guidelines (p=0.001), Framingham Risk Scores (p=0.008) and a reduced superficial (p<0.001) and deep (p=0.005) whole retinal vessel density (VD) compared with HCs.In SLE univariate analysis, deep whole VD showed a negative correlation with IMT (p=0.027), age (p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.011), QRISK3 Score (p<0.001), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (p=0.006) and apolipoprotein B (p=0.021), while a positive correlation was found with female sex (p=0.029). Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis confirmed QRISK3 Score (p=0.049) and IMT (p=0.039) to be independent risk factors for reduced retinal VD.ConclusionsPatients with SLE showed lower retinal VD and higher CV risk indicators compared with HCs. Among patients with SLE, QRISK3 Score and IMT were found to be independent risk factors for retinal vascular impairment, suggesting a role of OCTA in evaluating preclinical CV involvement in SLE. Moreover, TyG Index could represent a biomarker of CV risk in patients with SLE compared with HCs.