bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Pathology, Pathogenesis and Aetiology of Auricular Elephantiasis in Slaughter Pigs
Authors: Kvist P. H. , Jensen E. S. , Aalbaek B. , Jensen H. E. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryEars from slaughter pigs with auricular elephantiasis (n=24) and the corresponding lymph nodes (lnn.) (n=26) were grossly, histopathologically and microbiologically examined. Immunostaining for IgM, IgG, Cd3ɛ and bacterial antigens of Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was performed by indirect enzyme‐based techniques. Ears were variably thickened depending on the sampled area (basis, centre and apex). However, at all locations the thickness, the length from basis to apex and the weigh of whole ears with elephantiasis were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The corresponding lnn., that is, ln. parotideus superficialis and profundus, had also increased significantly (P < 0.01) in volume. Histopathologically, lesions of the ears and the corresponding lnn. revealed changes characterized by diffuse fibrosis intermingled with multiple pyogranulomatous foci containing asteroid bodies. In the majority of lesions, four distinct zones due to different cellular infiltrates encircled the central core of the asteroid bodies. In several lesions, the pyogranulomatous foci were contained within the lymph vessels. Immunohistochemically, only the bacterial antigen of S. aureus was detected within the cytoplasm of the macrophages and/or in the asteroid bodies of the ears (41.5%) and in the regional lnn. (30.8%). An abundant number of IgM, IgG and CD3ɛ‐positive cells were present in all the pyogranulomatous lesions, whereas a positive IgG‐staining was observed only in a single asteroid body. Thus, porcine auricular elephantiasis is a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation that is frequently positive for S. aureus and is lymphogenically spread. Therefore, the lesions of the ears with auricular elephantiasis and the corresponding lnn. should be termed auricular botryomycosis and botryomycotic lymphadenitis, respectively. Moreover, as the disease is observed frequently in slaughter pigs it must also be considered according to the welfare of the animals and in relation to post‐mortem meat inspection.
The Influence of a Fermentation‐Resistant Glucose Diet on the Glucose Concentration and Other Metabolites in Portal and Jugular Blood in Cows
Authors: Braun U. , Camenzind D. , Wanner M. , Haessig M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe goal of this study was to determine the effect of fermentation‐resistant glucose on the glucose concentration and other metabolites in portal and jugular blood in 15 non‐lactating cows. In all cows, an indwelling catheter was placed in the left jugular vein and the portal vein for collection of blood samples. Five control cows were fed hay as a normal diet, five control cows were fed straw to induce an energy deficit and five cows were fed hay and they received additionally 2000 g of a fermentation‐resistant d‐glucose product. The glucose concentration in jugular and portal blood was not influenced by feeding. The concentration of urea and bile acids were significantly higher in portal blood than jugular blood. There was no difference between portal and jugular blood of glucose and total solids. Diet had a significant effect on the concentrations of ammonia, urea, free fatty acids and triglycerides. The concentrations of ammonia and urea were higher in blood of cows fed straw than in blood of cows fed either hay or a fermentation‐resistant glucose product. The concentration of urea remained constant in cows fed hay, but increased in cows fed straw and decreased in cows fed a fermentation‐resistant glucose product. The concentration of free fatty acids and triglycerides were significantly higher in cows fed a fermentation‐resistant glucose product than in cows fed hay. In the present study, a single administration of 300 g of fermentation‐resistant glucose did not affect the concentration of blood glucose. Therefore, despite ongoing promotion of such products, there is no indication at this time that administration of fermentation‐resistant glucose to cows at the start of lactation results in an increase in blood glucose concentration.
Assessment of Antibody‐independent Cellular Cytotoxicity (AICC) of Porcine Neutrophilic Granulocytes by Quantitative Flow Cytometry. Lack of Modulation by Larval Products of Oesophagostomum dentatum
Authors: Schuberth H.‐J. , Freigofas R. , Daugschies A. , Leibold W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAfter infection of pigs by the larvae of Oesophagostomum dentatum, granulomas are formed around the third‐stage larvae in the submucosa of the gut which contain a considerable number of neutrophils. This has no obvious impact on the larvae, which develop to fourth‐stage larvae within these granulomas. We therefore asked, whether the products of O. dentatum larvae modulate the functional capacity of porcine neutrophils. The antibody‐independent cellular cytotoxicity (AICC) was chosen as a model system. This assay was developed for the pig and quantified using flow cytometry. Bovine lymphoblastoid cells (cell line Anna TA1) served as targets. The measurement of cytotoxicity was based on the determination of absolute numbers of vital target cells. This procedure proved to be reliable and required no additional labelling of target and/or effector cells. Porcine neutrophils, when stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA; 10 nmol/l), killed target cells at effector : target ratios between 1 : 1 and 9 : 1. AICC was not demonstrable after 4 h but could be observed between 16 h and 20 h after in vitro co‐culture. Killing of targets required close physical contact between effector and targets, since supernatants of PMA‐stimulated polymorphonuclear cells were not able to lyse the target cells. Homogenates of third‐ and fourth‐stage larvae of O. dentatum did not affect the vitality of porcine granulocytes or target cells in vitro, nor did they modulate the AICC capacity of porcine granulocytes.
Presence of Avian Pneumovirus Type A in Continental Europe During the 1980s
Authors: Hafez H. M. , Hess M. , Prusas C. , Naylor C. J. , Cavanagh D. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThree isolates of avian pneumovirus (APV) were isolated in Germany during 1987 and 1988 from turkeys with clinical signs of turkey rhinotracheitis and one was isolated during 1990 from a broiler breeder flock with typical signs of swollen head syndrome. The isolates were typed using type‐specific reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reactions. The three isolates from turkeys were identified as type A, while the isolate from the broiler breeders was type B. During the late 1980s no APV live‐virus vaccine was used in poultry flocks in Germany, which is indicative of the presence of both types at that time. Previous isolates detected from elsewhere in Europe during the 1980s had been only of type B.
Influence of Staphylococcus aureus Exosecretions Isolated from Bovine Mastitis on Leukocyte Activity In Vitro
Authors: Leitner G. , Krifucks O. , Younis A. , Heller E. D. , Saran A. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe role of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative staphylococcal exosecretions was tested for its ability to elicit in vitro proliferation of bovine blood lymphocytes, which we determined by means of the 3H‐thymidine proliferation assay and by flow cytometry. Exosecretions of 32 field strains of S. aureus isolated from bovine udder infection and one of each of S. intermedius (M2), S. hyicus (M5), S. xylosus (M6) and S. chromogenes (M10) were used. Of the 32 S. aureus bacterial exosecretions, only 14 stimulated bovine mononuclear cells to proliferate. A high degree of association was found when the proliferation indexes were compared with the virulence as determined by intracisternal inoculation. All the six S. aureus strains that were categorized as highly virulent and that were tested in the proliferation assay exhibited a proliferation index >20, whereas the five S. aureus strains that were categorized as low did not stimulate at all. Cells treated with media or Columbia broth supplemented with 0.1%d‐glucose, yeast extract, and 0.5% NaCl (CBs) did not exceed 15% of the T‐cells double positive with CD25+, whereas incubation with Con A activated the T‐cells to display CD25+ up to 90%. Cells treated with one of the exosecretions that stimulated bovine mononuclear cells to proliferate, stimulated CD3+ and CD4+ T‐cells to exhibit CD25+ receptor significantly higher (P<0.05) than that found in media and CBs treatments, but lower than those found in Con A treatments. The exosecretions that did not stimulate mononuclear cells to proliferate also did not activate T‐cells to exhibit CD25+ receptor. Con A activated 74% out of the total CD8+ to exhibit ACT2 receptor and 50% out of the total CD4+ to exhibit ACT3 receptor. A few but not all of the exosecretions that activated the CD25 receptor on T‐cells also activated the ACT3 receptor on CD4+ cells.
Anti‐microbial Susceptibility for east1+Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheic Pigs in Korea
Authors: Han D. U. , Choi C. , Kim J. , Cho W.‐S. , Chung H.‐K. , Ha S.‐K. , Jung K. , Chae C. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe in vitro susceptibilities of 128 isolates of east1+Escherichia coli from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs with diarrhoea were tested with nine commonly used anti‐microbial agents by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. For the isolates from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs, most of them were susceptible to low concentrations (MIC90) of tetracycline (4 and 2 μg/ml), ceftiofur (2 and 2 μg/ml), and colistin (4 and 2 μg/ml). Marked resistance was found in others.
Inheritance of resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in spring barley
Authors: Jonsson R. , Säll T. , Kraft T. , Gustafsson M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of seedling resistance to a Swedish isolate of Pyrenophora teres f. teres was investigated in four resistance sources of spring barley. Accessions CI 2330, CI 5791, CI 5822 and CI 9779 were used as resistance sources, and the cultivar ‘Alexis’ was used as a susceptible parent in different crosses. From the disease reaction in the F1, F2 and F3 generations it was concluded that the resistance was governed by the same two complementary genes in CI 5791, CI 822 and CI 9776. One of these genes was present in CI 2330. The first three cultivars were highly resistant to the isolate used in this investigation. These results, when combined with earlier studies, suggest that CI 5791, CI 5822 and CI 9776 may be of great value as sources of resistance to barley net blotch. Spearman's rank correlation between the disease reaction of F2 plants and their F3 progeny was highly significant (r = 0.75; P ≥ 0.001) It is suggested that selection in the F2 generation is effective. In a backcross breeding scheme, single plant reactions in F1 or F2 need to be confirmed in later generations.
Detection of an earliness per se quantitative trait locus in the proximal region of wheat chromosome 5AL
Authors: Kato K. , Miura H. , Sawada S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA homoeologous quantitative trait locus to that of eps5L on barley chromosome 5H was identified in a syntenic region of wheat chromosome 5A. Wheat single chromosome recombinant lines (SCRs) were developed from a cross between ‘Chinese Spring’(‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ 5A) and ‘Chinese Spring’(Triticum spelta 5A), these were grown together with the parental controls under different vernalization and photoperiod regimes. The variation for ear emergence time accelerated heading induced by the T. spelta segment indicated an effect associated with the Xcdo412‐Xbcd9 interval. Since no differences between the SCRs and controls in responses to vernalization and photoperiod treatments were detected, this effect was identified as an earliness per se gene, Q Eetocs‐5 A.2, which may be homoeologous to the eps5L quantitative trait locus of barley. Xbcd926 has been found to be closely linked to the rice flowering time quantitative trait loci, QHd9a or FLTQ2, on chromosome 9, suggesting possible relationships among the quantitative trait loci across wheat, barley and rice genomes.
Relationships between cold‐ and salt‐tolerance during seed germination in tomato: Analysis of response and correlated response to selection
Authors: Foolad M. R. , Hyman J. R. , Lin G. Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSeeds of F2 progeny of a cross between a slow‐germinating (UCT5) and a fast‐germinating tomato line (PI120256) were evaluated for germination under non‐stress (control), cold‐stress and salt‐stress conditions, and in each treatment the most rapidly (first 5%) germinating seeds were selected, grown to maturity and self‐pollinated to produce F3 progeny. The selected F3 progeny from each experiment were evaluated for germination in each of the three treatments, and compared with germination rate of unselected F3 progeny. Selection for rapid seed germination was effective under cold stress and salt stress, but not effective under non‐stress conditions. Furthermore, selection in either cold‐stress or salt‐stress treatment significantly improved progeny germination rate under both cold‐stress and salt‐stress treatments, as well as the non‐stress treatment. The results support the suggestion that the same genes contribute to rapid seed germination under cold‐, salt‐ and non‐stress conditions. In practice therefore, selection for rapid seed germination under a single‐stress environment may result in progeny with improved seed germination under a wide range of environmental conditions. Furthermore, to improve germination rate under non‐stress conditions, it may be more effective to make selections under a stress treatment.
Inheritance of coffee bean sucrose content in the interspecific cross Coffea pseudozanguebariae×Coffea liberica‘dewevrei’
Authors: Ky C.‐L. , Doulbeau B. , Guyot B. , Akaffou S. , Charrier A. , Hamon S. , Louarn J. , Noirot M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe sucrose content of coffee bean is an important component of the coffee flavour: the higher the sucrose content in green beans, the more intense coffee cup flavour: Beans of the anciently cultivated cultivar Coffea liberica‘dewevrei’ have low levels of sucrose compared with beans of the wild species Coffea pseudozanguebariae. In the present study, the inheritance of the sucrose accumulation in the interspecific cross C. pseudozanguebariae×C. liberica‘dewevrei’ was examined. The sucrose content was measured in mature beans of both parental species, and in F1 and backcross hybrids using high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection. The sucrose accumulation in all but one hybrid, showed genetic additivity. A segregation distortion was identified in the offspring of the backcross to C pseudozanguebariae. There was no year effect and only a low genotype × year interaction. Consequences for breeding, in relation to the coffee cup taste improvement, are discussed.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among accessions of hop, Humulus lupulus, as determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting compared with pedigree data
Authors: Seefelder S. , Ehrmaier H. , Schweizer G. , Seigner E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDNA fingerprinting using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) was successfully employed to detect genetic relationships and variability among 90 hop cultivars and breeding lines comprising a collection of the world's hop germplasm. Seven AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 347 fragments of which 151 (43.5%)) were polymorphic. One‐hundred and thirty informative, highly reproducible DNA polymorphisms were used to estimate the genetic similarity (GS) which varied between 1.0 (e.g. ‘Saazer’ vs. ‘Tettnanger’) and 1.17 (‘Columbus’ vs. ‘Tettnanger’, ‘Spalter’ and ‘Saazer’). UPGMA (unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages) clustering revealed two main clusters, reflecting the two main sources of origin and the two main breeding objectives: one cluster of mainly European origin representing the aroma pool and a second cluster associating accessions with European germplasm infiltrated by wild American genes with less aroma quality, but a higher bittering potential. Each main branch was composed of four or three subclusters with subgroups, respectively. Assignment of almost all genotypes in the dendrogram was consistent with the pedigree data as far as they are known. Consequently, AFLPs are shown to be suitable for assessing the genetic variability in hop germplasm and are useful for describing the genetic relationships among cultivars and accessions, which allows phylogenetic questions to be addressed.
Inheritance of agronomic traits from the Chinese barley dwarfing gene donors ‘Xiaoshan Lixiahuang’ and ‘Cangzhou Luodama’
Authors: Jing Zhang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe inheritance of agronomic traits from the barley dwarfing gene donors ‘Xiaoshan Lixiahuang’ and ‘Cangzhou Luodamai’ was studied. The results indicated that dwarf plants, six‐row and short spikes, dense spikelets and naked kernels, respectively, were controlled by one pair of recessive genes, but a toothed awn was determined by one pair of dominant genes in both barley cultivars. The genes for the six characters in ‘Xiaoshan Lixiahuang’ were allelic to those in ‘Cangzhou Luodamai’. Genetic linkage was found among the genes for plant height, spike length and spikelet density. They were located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3HL) in the order: plant height, spikelet density, spike length. The genes for naked kernels, six‐row spikes and tooth awns were independent of each other, and carried on the long arms of chromosomes 1(7H), 2(H) and 7(5H), respectively. The dwarfing genes were the same as the gene uz in Japanese and Korean barley cultivars.
Introduction of high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5 + 10 for the improvement of the bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale
Authors: Lafferty J. , Lelley T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn an earlier study, chromosome 1D of the hexaploid breadwheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ was introduced into hexaploid triticale to improve its bread‐making quality. That specific chromosome, 1D, carried the a allele at the Glu‐D1 locus coding for high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits 2 + 12, and since subunits 2 + 12 are associated with poor bread‐making quality in wheat, in the present study hexaploid 1D substitution triticale was crossed with octoploid triticale with the d allele at the Glu‐D1 locus encoding HMW glutenin subunits 5 + 10. Following backcrosses to different triticale varieties, 1D substitution lines were established that had Glu‐D1 allele a or d in an otherwise genetically similar background, and the influence of these two different alleles on bread‐making quality of hexaploid triticale was compared. The agronomic performance of 76 selected lines was evaluated in a field trial. The Zeleny sedimentation value was determined as a parameter for bread‐making quality, and related to the presence of chromosome 1D, the different glutenin alleles and the nature of the substitution. The presence of chromosome 1D had a significant and positive effect on the Zeleny sedimentation value, but the difference between the two glutenin alleles 2 + 12 and 5 + 10 was not as obvious as in wheat. Owing to its high cytological stability and minimal effect on agronomic performance, substitution 1D(1A) appears to be the most desirable one to use in triticale breeding.
A PCR‐based DNA marker for detection of mutant and normal alleles of the Wx‐D1 gene of wheat
Authors: Shariflou M. R. , Hassani M. E. , Sharp P. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo assist waxy wheat breeding a DNA marker was developed to discriminate mutant and normal alleles at the Wx‐D1 locus. This polymerase chain reaction‐based marker distinguishes the mutant from the normal allele by targeting the previously reported deletion basis of the mutant. The marker codominantly identifies the normal allele of the Wx‐D1 gene from the mutant allele originated from the Chinese landrace ‘Baihoumai’. However, attempts with a number of primer combinations targeting this deletion failed to amplify the corresponding fragment from an unrelated wheat line (NP150) that has a mutant null allele at the same locus. This indicates that NP150 has a different mutant allele from that of ‘Baihoumai’. This marker is a useful tool to identify wheat cultivars with mutant and normal alleles of the Wx‐D1 gene, and is used in marker‐assisted selection of the Wx‐D1 gene in our waxy wheat breeding programme.
Variation and inheritance of erucic acid content in Brassica carinata germplasm collections from Ethiopia
Authors: Alemayehu N. , Becker H. C. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractEthiopian mustard possesses a number of agronomic advantages over other oilseed crops with similar ecological adaptation in Ethiopia. However, its high erucic acid content is undesirable for a vegetable oil. Although efforts have been made to improve its quality, much has to be done to use natural variations that might exist within the species for fatty acid contents. This project was undertaken to study the variability of fatty acid contents, primarily erucic acid, in germplasm collections of Ethiopian origin, with an attempt to develop low (zero) erucic acid genotypes. The study used inbred lines as well as F2 populations of 10 crosses between six parental lines. A wide variation in fatty acids was found. Oleic acid content varied from 5 to 34% and erucic acid content from 6 to 51%. Linoleic and linolenic acid contents were less variable. The high‐oleic genotypes exhibited not only low erucic but also higher linoleic (25%) and considerably lower linolenic acid (8%) contents. It was possible to classify the F2 populations with the lowest erucic acid into three distinct classes. While the first class had an erucic acid content of 6–12%, the second and third classes had contents of 18–32% and 36–42%, respectively. The existence of a multiple allelic series of erucic acid in Ethiopian mustard would enable its fixation at zero levels without necessarily going into interspecific crossing.
Introgression of genes into cultivated Brassica napus through resynthesis of B. napus via ovule culture and the accompanying change in fatty acid composition
Authors: Lu C. M. , Zhang B. , Kakihara F. , Kato M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFifteen lines of Brassica napus were resynthesized via ovule culture through 24 interspecific crosses between four Brassica oleracea and three Brassica campestris accessions. The degree of success in the interspecific crosses was significantly influenced by maternal genotypes. The interspecific hybrid production rate (HPR) varied with combinations from 0 to 76.9%, with a mean HPR of 24.7% for the crosses with B. campestris as the female parent and 6.9% for the crosses with B. oleracea as female parent. Twenty‐four crosses between seven natural and six resynthesized B. napus gave, on average, 10.3 seeds per pod, and ranged from 1.2 to 22.0 seeds per pod, depending on genotypes of both parents. Resynthesized lines of B. napus showed high erucic acid content and variable content of linolenic acid, ranging from 3.4% to 9.9%. The fatty acid composition in hybrid seeds between natural and resynthesized B. napus was dominated by the embryo genotypes; an additive mode was shown for erucic acid and positive over‐dominance for linolenic acid content.