bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer detection by hybrid capture™ and evaluation of local risk factors
Authors: Lorenzato F. , Singer A. , Mould T. , Santos L.C. , Maia A. , Cariri L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe city of Recife, northeastern Brazil, is reported to have the highest incidence of cervical cancer worldwide (83.2/100 000 women). Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Hybrid Capture™ I (HC I) in cervical cancer detection and some risk factors in Recife. Method: Cervical scrapes for HC I analysis followed by colposcopy were collected from 140 women (70 with cervical cancer and 70 with normal cervix) from three screening services in Recife. Result: HC I sensitivity and specificity were 82.9 and 41.4%, respectively. The odds ratios for cervical cancer when Gesta ≥5 and vaginal parity ≥4 were, respectively, 5.30 and 4.27. Conclusion: HC I is a moderately sensitive method to detect cervical cancer, but it does not seem to be useful as a primary screening tool for it's low specificity. Early pregnancy, high Gesta/Para and living in rural areas were important local risk factors.
Pregnancy outcome in women with morbid obesity
Authors: Kumari A.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the effects of morbid obesity defined as a first trimester maternal body mass index of >40 on the perinatal outcome. Methods: One hundred and eighty‐eight singleton pregnancies of women with first trimester BMI >40 who delivered at Al‐Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi during 1996–1998 were studied. A control group of normal body mass index matched for age and parity were selected and the perinatal variables were compared between groups. Morbidly obese women with diabetes and hypertension antedating the index pregnancy were later excluded and the data were re‐analyzed. Results: Morbidly obese women were noted to have significantly adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (28.8 vs. 2.9%, P<0.0001), gestational diabetes (24.5 vs. 2.2%, P<0.0001), cesarian section (15.2 vs. 9.3%, P<0.05) and macrosomia (32.6 vs. 9.3%, P<0.001) compared to non‐obese women. However, we noted a significantly lower rate of prematurity in the obese group (0.5 vs. 5.3%, P<0.001). Even when morbidly obese women with (a) diabetes and hypertension antedating the index pregnancy and (b) those who developed gestational diabetes and/or pregnancy‐induced hypertension during the index pregnancy were excluded from the analysis, significant differences in the perinatal outcomes still persisted. Conclusion: Morbid obesity appears to be an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome.
Misoprostol for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Bugalho A. , Daniel A. , Faúndes A. , Cunha M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective:To compare the effectiveness of 400 μg rectal misoprostol in 5 cm3of saline with oxytocin 10 IU, i.m., in reducing bleeding during the third stage of labor.Design:A double blind, randomized, clinical trial including 663 women with uncomplicated vaginal delivery who received misoprostol (n=324) or oxytocin (n=339).Main outcome measures:Changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit from before to 72 h postpartum; blood loss during the third stage; duration of the third stage of labor; need for additional oxytocic drug; frequency of requisition and of administration of blood; changes in blood pressure; and occurrence of side effects.Results:No significant differences were observed between groups, before and 72 h postpartum, in mean hemoglobin and hematocrit, on volume of blood loss and duration of third stage of labor. The incidence of shivering and mean temperature (P<0.01) was significantly greater among women receiving misoprostol than oxytocin.Conclusions:Misoprostol administered as a micro‐enema, 400 μg in 5 ml of saline during the third stage of labor, appears to be as effective as oxytocin 10 IU, i.m., but misoprostol produced more side effects than oxytocin.
Fetal dysmorphism in spontaneous abortions in a Mexican population
Authors: Arteaga M. , Garcı́a‐Peláez I. , Cornejo L.R. , Chavira S. , Saavedra D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this research was to find out the frequency and type of fetal dysmorphism in spontaneous abortions among the Mexican population. Method: A prospective study was carried out in all the cases of spontaneous miscarriages occurring at the ‘Dr. Manuel Gea González’ General Hospital in Mexico City, from July 1989 to June 1999. Result: Two hundred and one empty sacs and 1555 well‐defined embryos or fetuses were analyzed. Dysmorphism was observed in 48% of the cases, malformations being the most frequently found. Among malformations the largest group corresponded to morphological alterations not recognized in the postnatal life, facial clefts and closure defects of the abdominal wall were the known malformations of the postnatal period most frequently found. The most common syndromic entities were suggestive of bone dysplasia and Turner phenotype. Conclusion: The frequency of fetal dysmorphism in spontaneous abortions is higher than in new borns. Its diagnosis is very important for genetic counseling.
Investigation of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes using three‐dimensional saline sonohysterosalpingography
Authors: Sankpal R.S. , Confino E. , Matzel A. , Cohen L.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: to compare three‐dimensional saline sonohysterosalpingography (SHSG) to X‐ray hysterosalpingography (HSG) for the evaluation of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes. Patient population: Fifteen infertile women on whom X‐ray HSG had been performed within 1 year prior to this study. Method: Fifteen infertile women underwent three‐dimensional power Doppler examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes with three‐dimensional SHSG during the follicular phase. Distension was achieved using sterile saline injected through a 5 French HSG catheter. Peritoneal accumulation of free fluid surrounding the ovary and tube was required for a diagnosis of a patent tube. Fluid accumulation in the cul‐de‐sac without visualization of the tubes was considered consistent with at least one tube being patent. Results: three‐dimensional saline SHSG was completed in 14 patients. One patient had cervical stenosis and the procedure could not be performed. No significant intrauterine pathology was identified by either X‐ray HSG or sonography. Three‐dimensional saline SHSG made false positive diagnoses of tubal occlusion in four out of seven fallopian tubes (57%). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting tubal occlusion was 75 and 83%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 40% and negative predictive value of 95%. Detection of fallopian tube architecture was not possible with three‐dimensional saline SHSG in any patient. Simultaneous use of three‐dimensional Doppler did not clearly identify the flow of saline through the fallopian tubes. Conclusions: transvaginal three‐dimensional saline SHSG provides good visualization of the uterine cavity and myometrial walls in three orthogonal planes. However, it does not diagnose tubal occlusion or depict architecture of the fallopian tube as accurately as X‐ray HSG. Although we were able to visualize the distal fallopian tube and fimbria with real‐time imaging, we were not able to satisfactorily image the proximal tube with three‐dimensional power Doppler. This technique may be reserved as an initial screening test to evaluate the uterine cavity and test patency. Patients at high risk for tubal disease by history or with suspected tubal occlusion on three‐dimensional saline SHSG should be evaluated by either X‐ray HSG or laparoscopy with chromopertubation. Further improvements of three‐dimensional technology and contrast materials will, it is hoped, make this method comparable to X‐ray HSG.
An appraisal of the role of laparoscopy: past, present, and future
Authors: Brosens I.A , Campo R , Gordts S , Brosens J.J 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjective: To review the role of laparoscopy in the management of chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Method: A literature search was conducted to obtain a clear perspective on the role of laparoscopy for CPP. Results: Laparoscopy has been widely used as a diagnostic tool in CPP, but often falls short in defining the type and activity of ectopic endometrial‐like tissue. Because pelvic endometriosis includes a wide range of lesions, histological confirmation varies greatly. The evaluation of peritoneal endometriosis at laparoscopy can be misleading. In one study 43% of the patients with minimal or mild endometriosis were found at second‐look laparoscopy to be free of lesions. Finally, laparoscopy is not without major complications and the risk of undiagnosed bowel injury is likely to be underestimated. Conclusion: The diagnosis of endometriosis can no longer be limited to the visual inspection of the pelvis but requires a wider range of investigations to assess the reproductive system and the role of endometriotic lesions and adhesions in CPP.
Serial Attention Mechanisms in Visual Search: A Direct Behavioral Demonstration
Authors: Bricolo Emanuela , Gianesini Tiziana , Fanini Alessandra , Bundesen Claus , Chelazzi Leonardo 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
In visual search, inefficient performance of human observers is typically characterized by a steady increase in reaction time with the number of array elements—the so-called set-size effect. In general, set-size effects are taken to indicate that processing of the array elements depends on limited-capacity resources, that is, it involves attention. Contrasting theories have been proposed to account for this attentional involvement, however. While some theories have attributed set-size effects to the intervention of serial attention mechanisms, others have explained set-size effects in terms of parallel, competitive architectures. Conclusive evidence in favor of one or the other notion is still lacking. Especially in view of the wide use of visual search paradigms to explore the functional neuroanatomy of attentional mechanisms in the primate brain, it becomes essential that the nature of the attentional involvement in these paradigms be clearly defined at the behavioral level. Here we report a series of experiments showing that highly inefficient search indeed recruits serial attention deployment to the individual array elements. In addition, we describe a number of behavioral signatures of serial attention in visual search that can be used in future investigations to attest a similar involvement of serial attention in other search paradigms. We claim that only after having recognized these signatures can one be confident that truly serial mechanisms are engaged in a given visual search task, thus making it amenable for exploring the functional neuro-anatomy underlying its performance.
Stereoscopic Illusory Contours—Cortical Neuron Responses and Human Perception
Authors: Heider Barbara , Spillmann Lothar , Peterhans Esther 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
In human perception, figure-ground segregation suggests that stereoscopic cues are grouped over wide areas of the visual field. For example, two abutting rectangles of equal luminance and size are seen as a uniform surface when presented at the same depth, but appear as two surfaces separated by an illusory contour and a step in depth when presented with different retinal disparities. Here, we describe neurons in the monkey visual cortex that signal such illusory contours and can be selective for certain figure-ground directions that human observers perceive at these contours. The results suggest that these neurons group stereoscopic cues over distances up to 8°. In addition, we compare these results with human perception and show that the mean stimulus parameters required by these neurons also induce optimal percepts of illusory contours in human observers.
Models of Functional Organization of the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex in Verbal Working Memory: Evidence in Favor of the Process Model
Authors: Barde Laura H. F. , Thompson-Schill Sharon L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResearch on the functional organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) in working memory continues to be fairly equivocal between two major frameworks: organization-by-process or organization-by-material. Although there is fairly strong evidence for organization-by-process models from event-related fMRI studies, some investigators argue that the nature of the stimulus material better defines the functional organization of the lateral PFC, particularly in more ventral regions (BA 47/45/44). Specifically, the anterior region of the ventrolateral PFC (BA 47/45) is hypothesized to subserve semantic processing while the posterior region (BA 44) may subserve phonological processing. In the current event-related fMRI study, we directly compared process-related versus material-related organizational principles in a verbal working memory task. Subjects performed a modified delayed response task in which they (1) retained a list of five words or five nonwords during the delay period (“maintenance”), or (2) performed a semantic (size reordering) or phonological (alphabetical reordering) task on the word or nonword lists, respectively (“manipulation”). We did not find evidence during the delay period of our task to support claims of anterior-posterior specializations in the ventrolateral PFC for semantic versus phonological processing. Subjects did, however, display greater neuronal activity during the delay period of manipulation trials than maintenance trials in both the dorsolateral PFC and posterior ventrolateral regions. These data are more consistent with the process model of the organization of lateral PFC in verbal working memory.
A Cross-Linguistic fMRI Study of Spectral and Temporal Cues Underlying Phonological Processing
Authors: Gandour Jack , Wong Donald , Lowe Mark , Dzemidzic Mario , Satthamnuwong Nakarin , Tong Yunxia , Li Xiaojian 
Published: October 2002

Abstract
It remains a matter of controversy precisely what kind of neural mechanisms underlie functional asymmetries in speech processing. Whereas some studies support speech-specific circuits, others suggest that lateralization is dictated by relative computational demands of complex auditory signals in the spectral or time domains. To examine how the brain processes linguistically relevant spectral and temporal information, a functional magnetic resonance imaging study was conducted using Thai speech, in which spectral processing associated with lexical tones and temporal processing associated with vowel length can be differentiated. Ten Thai and 10 Chinese subjects were asked to perform discrimination judgments of pitch and timing patterns presented in the same auditory stimuli under two different conditions: speech (Thai) and nonspeech (hums). In the speech condition, tasks required judging Thai tones (T) and vowel length (VL); in the nonspeech condition, homologous pitch contours (P) and duration patterns (D). A remaining task required listening passively to nonspeech hums (L). Only the Thai group showed activation in the left inferior prefrontal cortex in speech minus nonspeech contrasts for spectral (T vs. P) and temporal (VL vs. D) cues. Thai and Chinese groups, however, exhibited similar fronto-parietal activation patterns in nonspeech hums minus passive listening contrasts for spectral (P vs. L) and temporal (D vs. L) cues. It appears that lower level specialization for acoustic cues in the spectral and temporal domains cannot be generalized to abstract higher order levels of phonological processing. Regardless of the neural mechanisms underlying low-level auditory processing, our findings clearly indicate that hemispheric specialization is sensitive to language-specific factors.
JEREMIAH AT THE TURNING-POINT OF HISTORY: THE FUNCTION OF JER. XXV 1-14 IN THE BOOK OF JEREMIAH
Authors: Aejmelaeus Anneli 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present paper wishes to demonstrate the importance of two prerequisites of scholarly work on Jeremiah: (1) the proper consideration of the shorter text form of the Septuagint as an earlier edition of the book and (2) a flexible view concerning Deuteronomism in Jeremiah. In both respects, Jer. xxv 1-14 is a most illustrative text. The order of the text also plays a part: the oracles against the nations follow at this point in the Septuagint. My thesis is that the pericope at hand was formulated as an introduction to the oracles against the nations, as these were first introduced into the Book of Jeremiah. Being a purely literary creation, dependent on several other passages, it belongs to a later dtr orientated, redactional and compositional stratum in the Book of Jeremiah.
DIE SKLAVIN ALS EHEFRAU: ZUR STELLUNG DER 'ĀMĀH
Authors: Kessler Rainer 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn einer Reihe westsemitischer Texte erscheint als Bezeichnung für eine Ehefrau das Wort 'āmāh. Handelt es sich dabei um die Frau eines Freien, dann wird in der exegetischen und lexikographischen Literatur übereinstimmend angenommen, dass die Frau dann nur eine Nebenfrau (Konkubine) sein kann. Doch sagt die Bezeichnung als 'āmāh nichts darüber, ob die betreffende Frau Haupt- oder Nebenfrau ist. Für diese Opposition gebraucht das Hebräische 'issāh vs. pîlaegaes. Wird eine Ehefrau dagegen als 'āmāh bezeichnet, dann sagt das nur, dass sie als Ehefrau in einem unfreien Status ist, unabhängig davon, ob sie Haupt- oder Nebenfrau ist. Als epigraphische Belege werden diskutiert: die Grabinschrift von Silwan, Frauensiegel mit der Aufschrift ,,NNfem 'amat von NNmasc" und die in Dokumenten aus dem Ananiah-Archiv von Elephantine bezeugte Ehe mit der 'āmāh Tamet. Von diesen Belegen fällt auch Licht auf den Fall der 'āmāh des biblischen Gesetzes von Ex. xxi 7-11.
TRAUERN ALS BEWÄLTIGUNG DER VERGANGENHEIT ZUR GESTALTUNG DER ZUKUNFT. BEMERKUNGEN ZUR ANTHROPOLOGISCHEN THEOLOGIE DER KLAGELIEDER
Authors: Labahn Antje 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDie Klagelieder/Threni bieten poetische Texte, die ein persönliches Erleben der Exilskatastrophe schildern. Sie legen einen Weg vom erlebten Leid zur Hoffnung zurück. Dieser Weg lässt sich mit Elementen des Trauerprozesses verstehen, der zunächst den Blick in die Vergangenheit richtet, bevor die Zukunft wieder neu anvisiert werden kann. Die Threni zeichnen diesen Weg in Erfahrungen Einzelner auf und bieten damit einen anthropologischen Ansatz, der vom Individuum ausgeht. Gleichwohl schlagen sie einen Spannungsbogen zu theologischen Aussagen. In diesem Beitrag soll das Trauergeschehen, wie es in den Klageliedern zur Sprache kommt, näher in den Blick genommen werden, wobei sich zeigen wird, dass die Threni das Geschehen des Trauerns als Weg aus der Krise erfahren lassen. Der Weg wird als Bewältigung der Vergangenheit beschritten, um zu einer Zukunft in Hoffnung zu gelangen.
"ICH HATTE MEINE TORA IN IHRE MITTE GEGEBEN": DAS GEWICHT EINER NICHT BERÜCKSICHTIGTEN PERFEKTFORM IN JER. XXXI 33
Authors: Tita Hubert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDieser Artikel argumentiert dafür, daß die Perfektform in Jer xxxi 33d vergangenheitlich übersetzt werden muß. Wie gezeigt wird, gibt es keinen stichhaltigen Grund, an dieser Stelle eine Textverderbnis anzunehmen.
Overcoming reduced activity and avoidance: a Five Areas approach
Authors: Garland Anne , Fox Richard , Williams Chris 
Published: October 2002

In the first three papers of this series (Williams & Garland, 2002a, b; Wright et al, 2002), we looked at the different areas of human experience that alter during times of mental illness. The Five Areas Assessment model (Williams, 2001; see Williams & Garland, 2002a, Fig. 1) provides a clear summary of the range of problems and difficulties faced by individuals in each of the following domains:
1life situation, relationships, practical problems2altered thinking3altered emotions (moods or feelings)4altered physical feelings/symptoms5altered behaviour or activity levels.
Psychosis and drug dependence: results from a national survey of prisoners
Authors: Farrell M. , Boys A. , Bebbington P. , Brugha T. , Coid J. , Jenkins R. , Lewis G. , Meltzer H. , Marsden J. , Singleton N. , Taylor C. 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundThe links between drug use and psychosis are of major aetiological and prognostic significance. Psychosis and drug dependence frequently co-occur within the prison population, providing the opportunity to study this link more closely.AimsTo explore the relationship between psychosis and drug dependence in a sample of prisoners.MethodA total of 3142 prisoners were surveyed nationally and structured clinical data were obtained from a subsample of 503 respondents. Psychiatric assessment was based on the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (version 1.0). Measures of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and heroin use and dependence were obtained through self-report.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that first use of amphetamines or cocaine before the age of 16 years and severe cannabis or cocaine dependence were related to an increased risk of psychosis. In contrast, severe dependence on heroin was associated with a reduced risk of this classification.ConclusionsSevere dependence on cannabis and psychostimulants is associated with a higher risk of psychosis and is in contrast to severe dependence on heroin, which has a negative relationship with psychosis.
Mental disorder and perceived threat to the public: people who do not return to community living
Authors: Jamieson Liz , Taylor Pamela J. 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundIn the UK, people with mental disorder thought to pose a high risk of harm to others are usually put in a high-security (special) hospital. Little is known about what happens after that.AimsTo test a hypothesis that, under current services and laws (from the mid-1980s), no one leaving high-security hospitals remains indefinitely institutionalised.MethodThe special hospitals' case register was used for case ascertainment and admission data; post-discharge data were collected from multiple sources on patients discharged in 1984 (census date 31.12.1995).ResultsIn this discharge cohort (n=223), 36 (17%) did not return to the community: 17 died in special hospital and 19 continuously lived in other institutions until death or the census date. Over two-thirds of these had mental illness, were older on admission and had lived longer in special hospital than their better-rehabilitated peers. Offending history was irrelevant to this. Most post-discharge institution time was in open psychiatric hospital, or back in special hospital, not in medium secure units or prison.ConclusionsThe hypothesis was not sustained, but fewer people never reached the community than before the mid-1980s. Atypical antipsychotics might reduce this number. We found no justification for a new tier of long-term medium secure units.
Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in elderly people
Authors: Paterniti Sabrina , Verdier-Taillefer Marie-Hélène , Dufouil Carole , Alpérovitch Annick 
Published: October 2002

BackgroundDepressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in elderly people, but the nature of their temporal relationship remains equivocal.AimsTo test whether depressive symptoms predict cognitive decline in elderly people with normal cognition.MethodThe Center for Epidemiologic Study depression scale (CES – D) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to evaluate depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning, respectively. A sample of 1003 persons aged 59–71 years and with a MMSE score of 26 or over was selected. Cognitive decline was defined as a drop of at least 3 points on the MMSE at 4-year follow-up.ResultsBaseline high levels of depressive symptoms predicted a higher risk of cognitive decline at 4-year follow-up. The MMSE score of participants with depression was more likely to fall below 26 at 2-year follow-up and to remain below at 4-year follow-up than the MMSE score of those without depressive symptoms. Persistent but not episodic depressive episodes were associated with cognitive decline.ConclusionsHigh levels of depressive symptoms, when persistent, are associated with cognitive decline in a sample of elderly people.