bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supershells in deformed harmonic oscillators and atomic clusters
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Lenis D. , Raychev P. P. , Terziev P. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFrom the mathematical point of view, the appearance of supershells is a general feature of potentials having relatively sharp edges. In physics, supershells have been observed in systems of metal clusters, which are also known to exhibit an underlying shell structure with magic numbers intermediate between the magic numbers of the 3‐D isotropic harmonic oscillator and those of the 3‐D square well. In the present study, Nilsson's modified harmonic oscillator (without any spin–orbit interaction), as well as the 3‐D q‐deformed harmonic oscillator with uq(3) ⊃ soq(3) symmetry, are considered. The former model has been used for an early schematic description of shell structure in metal clusters, while the latter has been found to successfully reproduce the magic numbers of metal clusters up to 1500 atoms, the expected limit of validity for theories based on the filling of electronic shells. The systematics of the appearance of supershells in the two models will be considered, putting emphasis on the differences between the spectra of the two oscillators. While the validity of Nilsson's modified harmonic oscillator framework is limited to relatively low particle numbers, the 3‐D q‐deformed harmonic oscillator gives reliable descriptions of the first supershell in metal clusters, which lies within its region of validity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Magnetic moments of hindered rotators by off‐center impurity ions
Authors: Andreev A.G. , Georgiev M. , Mladenova M.S. , Krastev V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOff‐center impurity ions in solids often perform rotations around their regular lattice sites. Unlike quasifree rotors with rotational line spectra subject to textbook attention in quantum mechanics, the off‐center species are hindered rotors with spectra quantized in rotational bands. These bands occur because of tunneling through barriers arising along the orbital path. For an off‐center ion rotating along a planar orbit, such as the Li+ impurity nearest‐neighboring an F center in alkali halide, the hindered rotation will give rise to specific magnetic moments that couple to and quantize external magnetic fields normal to the orbital plane. We present a simple theory and estimates of Li+ magnetic dipoles and rotational bands to find conditions for an experimental verification. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Quantum chemical prediction of the adsorption conformations and dynamics at HCOOH‐covered ZnO(1010) surfaces
Authors: Persson Petter , Lunell Sten , Ojamäe Lars 
Published: October 2002

AbstractResults from ab initio Hartree–Fock and gradient‐corrected density functional theory calculations of formic acid interactions with ZnO (1010) surfaces are reported. Surface relaxation is found to affect equilibrium geometries and adsorption energies significantly. Large variations in adsorption energy with coverage and ordering of the adsorbates are revealed and explained in terms of strong and highly anisotropic electrostatic adsorbate–adsorbate interactions. The results are compared to published experimental and theoretical results, and differences in suggested binding geometries from the different studies are discussed. Dynamic properties of the adsorption, surface mobility, and surface reactivity are inferred from key elements of the potential energy surface obtained from the quantum chemical computations and supported by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2002
Optimal fault signal estimation
Authors: A. Stoorvogel A. , H. Niemann H. , Saberi A. , Sannuti P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe consider here both fault identification and fault signal estimation. Regarding fault identification, we seek either exact or almost fault identification. On the other hand, regarding fault signal estimation, we seek either ℋ︁2 optimal, ℋ︁2 suboptimal or ℋ︁∞ suboptimal estimation. By appropriate combination of these two aspects, we formulate five different fault identification and fault signal estimation problems. We analyse and synthesize appropriate residual generators for fault identification and estimators which generate fault signal estimates for all these problems. Solvability conditions for all these problems are given. Also, for each of these problems, the architecture of integrating the residual generator that isolates the fault and estimators that estimate the fault signals is developed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The distribution and turnover of benthic organic matter in a lowland river: influence of hydrology, seston load and impoundment
Authors: Wanner S.C. , Ockenfeld K. , Brunke M. , Fischer H. , Pusch M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe standing stocks of benthic organic matter (BOM) and some of its biochemical compounds (particulate organic carbon, particulate nitrogen, protein, and chlorophyll a) were investigated in the upper 12 cm of the sediments at several sampling sites in a free‐flowing and in an impounded river section of the lowland River Spree (Germany). Several environmental variables were recorded, in order to determine their potential influence on the organic matter content in the sediments. It was shown that the organic matter content in the upper sediment layers was mainly determined by the local hydrological regime, which was best reflected by the particle size distribution at the sampling sites. For the deepest investigated sediment strata, no influencing factors could be determined. The amount and quality of suspended matter was of minor importance to sediment composition. Also seasonal effects could not be detected.The impounded river section exhibited less seasonal variation in organic matter storage, as well as shorter carbon turnover lengths, longer carbon turnover times and lower rates of annual organic matter recycling than the free‐flowing river section, which indicates that changes in river hydraulics result in alterations to the organic matter budget. These alterations could be related to the changed mesohabitat composition and to the higher standing stocks of organic matter in the impounded river reach. We conclude that both morphological and hydrological alterations affect the structure and function of running water ecosystems because of their negative effect on the organic matter cycling. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video summarization based on the psychological unfolding of a drama
Authors: Moriyama Tsuyoshi , Sakauchi Masao 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of composing digests of TV videos based on their psychological unfolding. Most of the studies of video summarization to date have been based on the video structure, such as cuts or objects in the video. It is generally considered, however, that the observer of a TV drama emphasizes instead the psychological unfolding of the video content (such as the climax). However, no method of summarizing a drama based on the psychological aspect of the video has been proposed. Track structures [such as cutting, lines spoken by the actors, BGM (background music), and sound effects] constitute physical components, and the dramatist skillfully manipulates the time structure based on his empirical knowledge in order to present a particular psychological impression. This paper proposes a method in which the psychologically important part is detected on the basis of empirical knowledge as a corresponding time‐series pattern of the track structure, and a summarized video is generated. As an experiment, the proposed method was applied to a TV drama, and the time length was reduced to approximately 1/14. Subjective evaluation experiments show that the proposed method preserves the content of the main plot, with naturalness of extraction, thus indicating the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(11): 39–49, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10066
Accurate RBS measurement of ion implant doses in silicon
Authors: Boudreault G. , Jeynes C. , Wendler E. , Nejim A. , Webb R. P. , Wätjen U. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe demonstrate very accurate ion implant dose measurements using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) traceable to a certified reference material from IRMM, Geel and the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung (BAM), Berlin. The measurements have an absolute accuracy of better than 1.4% and a precision of better than 1.25%. The certified standard sample is compared directly with recent absolute determinations of the energy loss of He in Si, and also with a sample calibrated against the Harwell Bi standard. We determine the dose in a series of three In implants and six As implants of various doses and energies. Some of the samples were amorphized to eliminate channelling effects. A double detector geometry was used, giving pairs of spectra with a common incident charge but where the solid angle and the electronic gain were determined for each detector channel independently. The statistical uncertainty is reduced to <1%. The non‐linear pile‐up background is determined carefully. The errors are determined critically. The experiments were carried out at different dates and different places, so time and space reproducibility of the results is confirmed. The IBA DataFurnace is used for analysis of the certified standard reference material and compared with a transparent manual data reduction method: the use of this code for routine data analysis at the highest accuracy is validated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of surface coverage for tetraphenylporphyrin monolayers using ultraviolet visible absorption and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies
Authors: Bramblett Ariana L. , S. Boeckl Maximiliane , Hauch Kip D. , Ratner Buddy D. , Sasaki Tomikazu , Rogers J. W. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe surface coverage of thiolated tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives assembled on gold has been determined using ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy (UV/Vis) and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ultraviolet/visible absorption spectroscopy was used to calculate the surface concentration of porphyrin molecules through two independent approaches: the first measured the porphyrin concentration in solution after the displacement of a porphyrin monolayer from the gold surface; and the second directly exploited the absorptivity of the monolayers. Furthermore, we determined experimentally the extinction coefficients for the porphyrin monolayers and verified that the extinction coefficients are in agreement with a simple theoretical model that is frequently applied to porphyrin monolayers. Two separate models, both based on a uniform overlayer, were applied to the XPS data to determine the surface concentration of the porphyrin monolayers. Finally, for comparison of the UV/Vis and XPS results, a model of an ordered tetraphenylporphyrin arrangement on a surface was utilized to calculate coverage. The results of these two spectroscopic techniques differed by as much as a factor of 4, but they were generally comparable to those for related porphyrin systems. Determination of the surface coverage of monolayers is often challenging, thus the comparison of two independent experimental techniques allows for a more accurate estimation of monolayer coverage, and demonstrates the often unrealized potential to calculate the coverage of organic monolayers using XPS. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of surface modification processes using a ternary XPS diagram
Authors: Olander Björn , Albertsson Ann‐Christine 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe use of a ternary XPS diagram to follow surface modification processes involving three elements is described. The elemental composition is represented by a single data point on a plane instead of by two or three elemental ratios or percentages. Vectors are defined between the data points, and simple vector algebra is used to interpret the results. The extent of the surface change is determined by calculating the length of the vector from untreated to a treated composition point, and this leads to a value for the overall change in elemental composition. The direction of the vector indicates how the changes in the individual elemental percentages are related to each other, i.e. what elemental composition the surface is approaching. The ternary XPS diagram is demonstrated and compared with elemental percentages and ratios using XPS data from hydrogen microwave plasma‐treated polydimethylsiloxane. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative confidence intervals for the assessment of bioequivalence in four‐period cross‐over designs
Authors: Quiroz Jorge , Ting Naitee , Wei Greg C. G. , Burdick Richard K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBioequivalence studies are conducted to demonstrate equivalence in the bioavailability of the active ingredient in different formulations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires pharmaceutical companies to show bioequivalence between different formulations or generic companies to show bioequivalence between generic drugs and brand drugs before approval. A recent FDA guidance on bioequivalence proposes criteria for assessment of population bioequivalence (PBE) and individual bioequivalence (IBE) in a four‐period cross‐over design. In this paper, computer simulation is used to compare modified large sample (MLS) upper bounds with those proposed by the FDA to test for both PBE and IBE. The comparison criteria are the ability to maintain the stated test size and the simulated power of tests based on these bounds. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analysis combining parallel and cross‐over clinical trials. II: Binary outcomes
Authors: Curtin François , Elbourne Diana , Altman Douglas G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe examine different methods to pool binary outcomes used both in parallel and cross‐over trials. Odds ratio (OR) estimators obtained from joint conditional probabilities in cross‐over trials, such as the Mantel–Haenszel and Peto methods, are compared to an OR estimator using marginal results of cross‐over trials. When there is correlation between the outcomes in the two cross‐over periods, joint conditional ORs differ from marginal ORs and cannot be combined with OR estimates from parallel trials. The marginal OR estimate is independent of the between‐period correlation and it includes a correction for cross‐over correlation in the variance estimate. As its computation is similar in cross‐over and parallel trials, it is the method of choice to pool results from parallel and cross‐over trials in a combined design meta‐analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing and maintaining de‐localized software systems in a multi‐site environment using Web‐based tools
Authors: .V Balaji , .B Sangeetha 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWeb‐based approaches used during software maintenance for testing de‐localized software in a multi‐site environment are described. The supporting infrastructure uses the Internet for communications and project management practices for procedural direction. Processes involve specifying personnel roles and using a configuration management system for test schedules and the handling of test results. Different testing strategies are used during various stages of the maintenance lifecycle; each has benefits and weaknesses. Test results are automated using scripts, and a Web interface is provided to obtain better tracking. This achieves a $24\times7$ operational effectiveness by using automation and regression testing mechanisms, and results in documented cost savings and software quality improvements. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating a reusable GUI component
Authors: Stoecklin Sara , Allen Clement 
Published: October 2002

AbstractApplication development of a large number of graphical user interface (GUI) screens and reports requires a labor‐intensive process. In the typical scenario, a GUI developer drags each component, such as the textfield, label, and error messages, on each of the new GUI screens or reports. They then set the component properties and perhaps write any validation routines for input data. Using the proposed Observation Panel Bean (OPB), the developer drags only one component per field, and the OPB dynamically builds the GUI components with consistent properties and links the observation field to the needed validation routine. With little development effort these fields are simply selected from the data dictionary and placed on the GUI. The proposed OPB uses Fowler's observation pattern as a high‐level abstraction representing attributes observed about information in the application domain. The panel collaborates with the observation pattern to set the label, error message, and properties of the various components. Yoder's validator pattern collaborates with the observation pattern and the data dictionary to validate the observations. The proposed OPB decreases GUI development time, adds adaptability to GUI design, and increases consistency in GUI component presentation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for table driven testing of Java classes
Authors: Daley Nigel , Hoffman Daniel , Strooper Paul 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWith the advent of object‐oriented languages and the portability of Java, the development and use of class libraries has become widespread. Effective class reuse depends on class reliability which in turn depends on thorough testing. This paper describes a class testing approach based on modeling each test case with a tuple and then generating large numbers of tuples to thoroughly cover an input space with many interesting combinations of values. The testing approach is supported by the Roast framework for the testing of Java classes. Roast provides automated tuple generation based on boundary values, unit operations that support driver standardization, and test case templates used for code generation. Roast produces thorough, compact test drivers with low development and maintenance cost. The framework and tool support are illustrated on a number of non‐trivial classes, including a graphical user interface policy manager. Quantitative results are presented to substantiate the practicality and effectiveness of the approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FC++: Functional tools for object‐oriented tasks
Authors: Smaragdakis Yannis , McNamara Brian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractFC++ is a library for programming functionally in C++. Compared to other C++ functional programming libraries, FC++ is distinguished by its powerful type system which allows the manipulation of parametrically polymorphic functions (e.g., passing them as arguments to other functions and returning them as results).In this paper, we show how FC++ can be used in common object‐oriented programming tasks. We demonstrate FC++ implementations of several common design patterns (Adapter, Builder, Command, and more). Compared to conventional C++ implementations of these patterns, our implementations are either simpler (in that fewer classes/dependencies are needed), more efficient, or more type‐safe (thanks to parametric polymorphism and type inference). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dopaminergic synapses in the matrix of the ventrolateral striatum after chronic haloperidol treatment
Authors: Roberts Rosalinda C. , Force Michelle , Kung Lili 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAntipsychotic drugs (APD) are used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and exert their effects, in part, through dopamine receptor blockade. APD treatment causes many changes in the brains of humans and experimental animals including therapeutic, pathologic, or changes associated with motor side effects. Typical APD given chronically to animals induce behavioral sequelae that mimic tardive dyskinesia in several ways. Our previous work has shown that chronic treatment with haloperidol decreases striatal synaptic density but that symmetric synapses are lost only in rats that develop oral dyskinesias. The goals of this study were to determine if the density of dopaminergic terminals was affected by chronic haloperidol treatment and/or correlated with dyskinesias. Rats were given haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg/rat) or water, as a control. After 6 months of treatment, rats were divided into nondyskinetic or dyskinetic groups according to the behavior scores determined in the last month. Striatal volume was similar between controls and drug‐treated rats. Synaptic density, calculated using stereological methods, was obtained from the matrix of the ventrolateral striatum. The density of symmetric synapses (mean ± SD, per 100/μm3) formed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) containing terminals in haloperidol treated rats (3.58 ± 1.64) was not significantly different from that of controls (3.06 ± 1.00). The density of TH‐labeled terminals forming symmetric synapses in the nondyskinetic group (3.65 ± 1.67) vs. the dyskinetic group (3.54 ± 1.73) was similar and neither was different from that of the controls. These data indicate that terminals other than dopaminergic ones form fewer symmetric synapses in dyskinetic rats. Moreover, these data have implications for interpreting results obtained in humans treated with typical antipsychotic drugs. Synapse 45:78–85, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonin mediates CA1 spine density but is not crucial for ovarian steroid regulation of synaptic plasticity in the adult rat dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Alves Stephen E. , Hoskin Elena , Lee Susan J. , Brake Wayne G. , Ferguson Deveroux , Luine Victoria , Allen Patrick B. , Greengard Paul , McEwen Bruce S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe activity of the serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) system is sensitive to estradiol and progesterone. During the ovarian cycle, dendritic spines on CA1 pyramidal neurons of the dorsal hippocampus are increased by estradiol and later decreased by progesterone. We sought to determine whether 5‐HT is involved in maintaining CA1 spine density and/or in steroid regulation of synaptic plasticity in dorsal hippocampus. Ovariectomized rats were treated (sc) over 10 days with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) to deplete 5‐HT, followed by estradiol benzoate on days 10 and 11. A subset of animals received progesterone on day 12. The day after the last treatment, rats were perfused and brains were processed for Golgi impregnation. Separate groups were processed for radioimmunocytochemistry (RICC) for the spine‐associated protein, spinophilin, or high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for monoamine analysis. Golgi and RICC data indicate that CA1 apical spine density was significantly decreased by pCPA (17–20%). Estradiol increased spine density in both saline‐ and pCPA‐treated rats compared to respective controls (30%); however, pCPA animals maintained significantly fewer spines. No differences in spine densities were observed between saline‐ and pCPA‐treated rats given estradiol and progesterone. Depletion of 5‐HT by pCPA was confirmed in the CA1 (−90%) and dorsal raphe (−80%) by HPLC analysis. While 5‐HT depletion was associated with a 57% decrease in CA1 norepinephrine (NE), there was no difference in dorsal raphe NE. Thus, whereas 5‐HT is involved in maintaining spine density in the adult female rat CA1, it is not crucial for steroid‐mediated plasticity. 5‐HT‐regulated spines/synapses may represent distinct populations from those modulated by estradiol and progesterone in dorsal hippocampus. Synapse 45:143–151, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.