bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Theory-Guided Probabilistic Machine Learning Method to Minimize Process-Induced Deformations in Composite Structures
Authors: Schoenholz Caleb , Zobeiry Navid 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Although manufacturing technologies have significantly evolved in recent decades to enable composite-intensive aircraft designs, many production challenges remain outstanding. One such challenge is accurately predicting, controlling, and mitigating residual stresses and process-induced deformations (PIDs) in composite structures. Several physics-based tools have been developed with the intent of enabling predictions and mitigations of PIDs. However, predictions made by numerical simulations are often unreliable or cost-deficient since they rely on time-consuming, expensive, and deterministic characterization and model-fitting efforts. This paper presents a simulation-free methodology to predict and find the optimal stacking sequence for minimizing PIDs. The proposed method is comprised of limited element-level experiments directed by a theory-guided machine learning (TGML) framework. Throughout the optimization procedure, a Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is built based on underlying theory and iteratively calibrated to converge on a solution efficiently. In this study, the TGML method is used to find an optimal cross-ply stacking sequence (i.e., layup) that minimizes PIDs for L-shaped composite parts made from T800S/3900-2B. The method proposed in this paper is meant to provide a generalizable optimization procedure to potentially mitigate PIDs in composite structures.
Mechanical and Material Characterization of 3d Printed Continuous Fiber Reinforced Photopolymer Matrix Composites
Authors: Sandell Peter , Billings Christopher , Liu Yingtao 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Continuous fiber-reinforced thermoset matrix composite structures play an important role in modern aerospace design due to their extremely high attainable strength-to-weight ratio, but manufacturing processes are often prohibitively expensive for prototyping and small-scale production. This paper presents an additive manufacturing solution based on direct-ink-write technology using UV-curable thermosets to produce in-situ cured continuous fiber composite parts. In-situ UV cure gives this process potential for rapid prototyping in open-air settings, and the direct-ink-write method means it is simple enough to use in small-scale, low-cost applications. Thermosets and carbon fiber are used to show further potential to produce composites using aerospace-grade materials. The manufacturing process is capable of printing geometrically complex parts, like honeycombs, with no tool-up or specialty equipment. Tensile testing analyses of early samples show ultimate tensile strengths of 117 MPa and elastic moduli up to 15 GPa. Further analyses show printed parts having fiber volume fractions in the range of 8.3%. Higher strengths and fiber volume fractions are expected to be feasible as the process matures.
A Jacobi-Ritz Approach for Flutter Analysis of Swept Distributed Propulsion Aircraft Wing
Authors: Melvin Joshua , Zhao Wei 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a Ritz method for conducting flutter analysis of a NASA X-57 Maxwell-like distributed propulsion aircraft wing. The Jacobi polynomials are used to approximate the bending displacement and torsion angle in the flutter analysis, which enables efficient evaluations of structural and aeroelastic responses of a distributed propulsion wing under different design parameters. Compared to the simple polynomials, Jacobi polynomials can eliminate the well-known ill-conditioning numerical issues when considering higher orders of polynomials in the Ritz method. Additionally, the weight functions can be easily modified along with the Jacobi polynomials to satisfy different boundary conditions without loss of orthogonality. Research study shows that the mode shapes approximated using the Jacobi polynomials and weight function are very similar like the analytical mode shapes for uniform and straight wings. To verify and demonstrate the efficiency of Jacobi-Ritz method-based aircraft wing flutter analysis, simple polynomials and uniform wing’s analytical mode shapes based trial functions are also studied in the Ritz method based flutter analysis. The influence of distributed propulsor mass, nonuniform aerodynamic model for the wing with multiple propulsors and the sweep angle on the flutter speed are studied and discussed.
A Novel Atomistic-Continuum Concurrent Coupling Method for Simulating Fracture in Polymers
Authors: Aditya Sankha Subhra , Roy Samit 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A novel method for concurrently coupling an atomistic domain with a continuum domain is presented. A crosslinked polymer block is computationally synthesized using molecular dynamics (MD) for simulated tensile testing. The method is validated at 1 K and 100 K using a tensile bar test. Stress-strain responses and stress maps show that the method works successfully. The validated method is then used to explore modeling of fracture employing a compact tension test.
Aeroelastic Analysis of VAT Nano-Composite Plate
Authors: Mahato Prashanta K. , Mondal Pritam 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of delamination on the flutter characteristics of a cantilevered variable angle-tow (VAT) nanocomposite plate. A multi-scale three-phase composite material composed of curvilinear graphite fibers and epoxy resin matrix reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is considered for the study. A FE model for a delaminated composite plate is developed in MATLAB. To perform flutter analysis, the FE model is then linked to MSC. Nastran via Direct Matrix Abstraction Program (DMAP) module and the flutter problem is solved by the p-k method. The numerical investigation is carried out on both symmetric and unsymmetric VAT plates with delamination.
High Velocity Impact Damage Assessment of Sandwich Panels With Auxetic Re-Entrant and TPMS Based Cellular Cores
Authors: Mahapatra Itkankhya , Ramachandran Velmurugan , Rengaswamy Jayaganthan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The architected cellular structures have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their lightweight, superior and controllable properties. Such lattice structures can be potential candidates for high specific energy absorption applications due to the increase in structural performance. This increase in mechanical properties can be attributed to the gradual and localised changes occurring in the cellular cores. In this study, TPMS sheet-based structures (Diamond), re-entrant auxetic structure (single and double layer) were designed, fabricated, and tested under dynamic loading conditions. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method is used for fabrication of the complex specimens. High velocity ballistic impact tests in the range of 180 m/s to 210 m/s have been carried out for determining the energy absorption, residual velocity and investigation of damage mechanisms. It is also observed that the SEA of the TPMS cores is higher than the auxetic re-entrant cores. There is a significant improvement in impact properties for the sandwich panels upon usage of Kevlar as facesheet on top and bottom of the 3D printed polymer cores. Also TPMS cellular cores with Kevlar as skin possess a very good potential of being used for energy absorption capabilities.
Genome sequence of parvovirus from budgerigar (
Melopsittacus undulatus
)
Authors: Kadlečková Dominika , Vinkler Michal , Tachezy Ruth , Saláková Martina 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Here, we report a parvovirus genome identified in
Melopsittacus undulatus
. The genome is 4,547 bp long and codes for two major open reading frames (ORFs): the non-structural replicase protein 1 (NS1) and the structural capsid gene (VP1). Phylogenetic analysis shows that this virus belongs to the genus
Chaphamaparvovirus
.
Genome sequences of four agarolytic bacteria from the Bacteroidia and Gammaproteobacteria
Authors: Phillips Elise K. , Shaffer Jacob M. C. , Henson Michael W. , Coelho Jordan T. , Martin Mark O. , Thrash J. Cameron 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Here we present the genomes of four marine agarolytic bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria. Two genomes are closed and two are in draft form, but all are at least 99% complete and offer new opportunities to study agar-degradation in marine bacteria.
Multicenter evaluation of the Acaruiter Respiratory Panel for diagnosis of respiratory tract infections in Chinese children
Authors: Zhao Linqing , Dong Xiaoyan , Cao Ling , Jiang Yongmei , Zhang Hong , Mo Ran , Liu Hanmin 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Respiratory tract infection represents the most frequent infectious disease afflicting children worldwide. This study was to evaluate the performance of Acaruiter Respiratory Panel (fluorescent PCR) in the detection of respiratory tract infection pathogens in children. Clinical trials were conducted in three representative pediatric hospitals in Shanghai, Chengdu, and Beijing. With reference to another widely used multiplex assay and first-generation sequencing, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and consistency coefficient kappa (
κ
) value of the assay were evaluated to verify the accuracy and effectiveness in the detection of clinical respiratory pathogens, so as to objectively evaluate the clinical performance and application value of Acaruiter Respiratory Panel (fluorescent PCR). A total of 1,540 samples were screened in this clinical trial project, of which 1,404 were valid samples. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the clinical trial data of 1,404 effective samples, the detection ability of Acaruiter Respiratory Panel (fluorescent PCR) for various pathogens compared with the results of clinical diagnosis, the positive percent agreement was 97.04%–100%, the negative percent agreement was 99.31%–100%, the total percent agreement was 99.36%–100%, and the kappa value was 0.982–1.000, which had good consistency and high accuracy.

IMPORTANCE

Compared to multiplex PCR assays that are available in the Chinese market, the Acaruiter Respiratory Panel (fluorescent PCR) covers a wider range of pathogens including eight viruses, five bacteria,
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
and
Chlamydia pneumoniae
, and has high accuracy and effectiveness in the detection of pathogens. This is the first study to evaluate the performance of the Acaruiter Respiratory Panel. This regent may be a promising assay for comprehensive testing for respiratory pathogens from nasopharyngeal swab specimens in Chinese children.
A monoclonal antibody targeting spore wall protein 1 inhibits the proliferation of
Nosema bombycis
in
Bombyx mori
Authors: Yu Bin , Zheng Rong , Bian Maofei , Liu Ting , Lu Kun , Bao Jialing , Pan Guoqing , Zhou Zeyang , Li Chunfeng 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Microsporidia are obligate intracellular single-cell eukaryotic parasites that can infect almost all kinds of animals and cause microsporidiosis. However, there are a few achievements of microsporidiosis treatments.
Nosema bombycis
could cause a microsporidiosis condition, pébrine, in the silkworm. Treatment and prevention of pébrine are still the research hotspots in sericulture. In this study,
N. bombycis
was treated with K
2
CO
3
, the spore walls were removed by centrifugation, and then, the alkali-soluble germination proteins were used as antigens to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Three mAbs were successfully screened and one mAb named G9 showed the highest titer among these monoclonal antibodies after enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA). Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the mAb G9 could recognize the
N. bombycis
spore wall protein 1. Furthermore, the heavy chain and light chain sequences of the G9 monoclonal antibody were cloned, respectively. The vectors that expressing the intact antibodies and the single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of G9 were constructed, and then, these vectors were used to develop the transgenic silkworm cell lines or transgenic silkworms. The inhibitory effects against
N. bombycis
were evaluated by the count of microsporidia and qPCR. The scFvs showed better effect on blocking the proliferation of
N. bombycis
than the intact antibody, and the scFv without the secretory signal peptide was more effective than that with signal peptide. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and the essential groundwork for the future development of
N. bombycis-
resistant transgenic silkworms.

IMPORTANCE

There are a few reports on the resistance of microsporidia, including
Nosema bombycis
. Here, the alkali-soluble germination proteins of
N. bombycis
were used as immunogens to prepare a monoclonal antibody, and its single-chain variable fragments effectively blocked microsporidia infection. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and demonstrated a useful method for the potential treatment of other microsporidia diseases.
Development and evaluation of a real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of equine infectious anemia virus
Authors: Li Shuaijie , Guo Kui , Wang Xuefeng , Lin Yuezhi , Wang Jinhui , Wang Yaoxin , Du Cheng , Hu Zhe , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) has a worldwide distribution and causes severe economic losses to the equine industry. The EIA virus (EIAV) genome sequences from different countries are highly diverse, which poses a great challenge for pathogen identification with PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that although gag is the most conserved structural gene, it still has great genome variability. Currently, most existing PCR methods are designed based on the gag gene sequence and therefore do not cover all the viral strains, especially Asian EIAV strains. In this study, we developed a tat-gag-based real-time quantitative PCR (TG-qPCR) for the detection of EIAV by targeting the fragment between the tat and gag genes, which was relatively conserved in all the known EIAV strains. The performance of the TG-qPCR was evaluated against that of the standard qPCR (recommended by WOAH) by testing viral RNA extracted from viral supernatants of EIAV
DLV2-6
and EIAV
UK3
, proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of artificially immunized horses, and virus nucleic acid from EIAV positive serum samples. The TG-qPCR assay had high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The detection limit of the TG-qPCR assay was 1 copy/reaction for both viral RNA and proviral DNA based on the Poisson distribution. Compared to the qPCR, the TG-qPCR has better inclusivity and can detect not only Asian EIAV strains but also almost all the representative EIAV strains from other continents. The above results show that the TG-qPCR assay could serve as an effective tool for the early diagnosis of clinical EIA disease.

IMPORTANCE
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) has a worldwide distribution and causes significant losses to the equine industry worldwide. A reliable detection method is necessary to control the transmission of EIA virus (EIAV). Currently, most of the available real-time PCR assays, including the qPCR of recommended by WOAH, are developed according to the sequences of European or American EIAV strains; however, the primers and probe sequences have low homology with Asian EIAV strains. To the best of our knowledge, no qPCR method capable of the well detection of Asian EIAV strains, especially Chinese EIAV strains, has been published to date. The development of a sensitive, specific, and rapid qPCR assay for the detection of the EIAV strains is therefore of great importance.
Analysis of Specific Ecological and Genetic Soil Properties for the Forest Ecosystem Monitoring in the Zone of Coniferous–Broadleaved Forests
Authors: Koptsik G. N. , Smirnova I. E. , Koptsik S. V. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A reliable assessment of the composition and properties of soils in forest ecosystems is the basis for environmental monitoring, including monitoring of carbon pools and fluxes, which is of particular importance in the context of global changes in the environment and climate. The specific ecological and genetic features and classification of soils are analyzed at permanent monitoring sites in the main types of forest ecosystems of the Zvenigorod Biostation of Moscow State University and the Sima Quarry state nature reserve (Moscow oblast, Russia). Soil monitoring is organized and conducted on the basis of national experience and recommendations of the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests). The eluvozems and soddy eluvozems on two-layered deposits predominate in the soil cover of the nature reserve; these soils have a loamy sandy texture (content of clay fraction of <0.002 mm is 3.3–7.0%), acidic media ($${\text{p}}{{{\text{H}}}_{{{{{\text{H}}}_{{\text{2}}}}{\text{O}}}}}$$ 4.6–5.7), low cation exchange capacity, low content of exchangeable bases (30–52 cmolс/kg in organic and 0.6–7.5 cmolс/kg in mineral horizons), and low base saturation (49–67 and 11–51%, respectively). The contents of potentially toxic metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in the soils of the nature reserve do not exceed background levels. The ecological state of soils assessed according to their chemical and physical properties improves in the following order: contact-bleached eluvozem—pseudofibrous soddy eluvozem—ferruginous soddy eluvozem. This determines the functioning and stability of forest ecosystems to external impacts under increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change.
Taxation of tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages: reviewing the evidence and dispelling the myths
Authors: Paraje Guillermo R , Jha Prabhat , Savedoff William , Fuchs Alan 
Published: October 2023

The article reviews the large body of evidence on how taxation affects the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). There is abundant evidence that demand for tobacco, alcohol, and SSB is price-responsive and that tax changes are quickly passed on to consumers. This suggests that taxes can be highly effective in changing consumption and reducing the burden of diseases associated with consuming these products. Tobacco, alcohol, and SSB industries oppose taxation on similar grounds, mostly on the regressivity of taxes since regressive taxes take a larger percentage of income from low income earners than from middle and high income earners; but also on the effects taxes might have on employment and economic activity; and, in the case of tobacco, the effects taxation has on illicit trade.Contrary to industry arguments, evidence shows that taxation may have short-term negative financial consequences for low-income households. However, medium and long-term financial benefits from reduced healthcare costs, better health, and welfare largely compensate for such consequences. Moreover, taxation does not negatively affect aggregate economic activity or employment, as consumers switch demand to other products that generate employment and may compensate for any employment loss in taxed sectors. Evidence also shows the revenues generated are generally spent on labour-intensive services. In the case of illicit trade in tobacco, evidence shows that illicit trade has not increased globally (rather the opposite) despite increases in tobacco taxes. Profit-maximising smugglers increase illicit cigarette prices along with the increases in licit cigarette prices. This implies that even when increased taxes divert some demand to the illicit market, they push prices up in the illicit market, discouraging consumption.
Scaling up food pricing policies in the Pacific: a guide to action
Authors: Reeve Erica , Ravuvu Amerita , Johnson Ellen , Nasiga Selai , Brewer Tom , Mounsey Sarah , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: October 2023

There are calls for governments around the world to adopt pricing policies, including taxes, subsidies and price controls that ensure all people have access to, and can afford, healthy diets. Despite the strong potential of pricing policies to promote healthy diets and to support a post-COVID-19 recovery, there are gaps in evidence with regard to ‘how’ to design and apply effective food taxes in practice, and countries report challenges in navigating the different policy options.In this practice piece, we examine the global evidence for food taxes with a view to identifying practical lessons for policy design, adoption and implementation, using the Pacific Islands Region as a case study. We present a systematic resource that draws on locally generated evidence, and a Pacific conceptualisation of healthy diets, to address considerations in setting the tax base, rate and mechanisms, and to ensure tax targets are clearly identifiable within national tax and administrative systems. Health and Finance collaboration at the country level could ensure tax design addresses concerns for the impacts of food taxes on employment, economics and equity, as well as position food taxes as an opportunity to fund revenue shortfalls faced by governments following the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate a need to review other policies for consistency with national health objectives to ensure that countries avoid inadvertently undermining health taxes, for example, by ensuring that foods with known non-communicable disease risk are not being price protected or promoted.
Facilitators of and barriers to perinatal telepsychiatry care: a qualitative study
Authors: Howard Anna , Wang Sunny , Adachi Jamie , Yadama Alexa , Bhat Amritha 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesPerinatal mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder can negatively impact the health of women and their children without appropriate detection and treatment. Due to increases in mental health symptoms and transmission risks associated with in-person appointments, many clinics transitioned to providing telepsychiatry care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to identify the facilitators and barriers to receiving perinatal telepsychiatry care from the perspective of patients, clinic staff and psychiatrists.DesignQualitative study based on analysis of in depth semistructured interviews.SettingThe study was conducted in a virtual specialty mental health clinic in an academic setting.ParticipantsEight patients who had been scheduled for an appointment with the perinatal telepsychiatry clinic between 14 May 2021 and 1 August 2021, seven of whom had attended their scheduled appointment with the clinic and one of whom had not, and five staff members including psychiatrists, navigators and clinic managers, participated in in-depth interviews.ResultsTelepsychiatry was perceived by most as preferable to in-person care and easy to attend and navigate. Alternatively, technological difficulties, personal preference for in-person care and scheduling conflicts related to the perinatal period were identified as barriers by some. Participants identified communication between care staff and patients, online patient portals, and appointment reminders as important for facilitating appointment preparedness and attendance.ConclusionsThe findings from this study suggest that telepsychiatry services are perceived positively by patients and care staff and have the potential to improve access to mental healthcare for perinatal patients.