bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will after-hours technology-mediated work make employees leave? A mediated moderation model
Authors: Sun Xiaolin , Zhu Jiawen , Liang Huigang , Xue Yajiong , Yao Bo 
Published: January 2024

PurposeAs after-hours technology-mediated work (ATW) becomes common in organizations, the increased workload and interference to life caused by ATW has induced employee turnover. This research develops a mediated moderation model to explain how employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for ATW affect their turnover intention through work–life conflict.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted to collect data of 484 employees from Chinese companies. Partial Least Square was used to perform data analysis.FindingsThe results show that intrinsic motivation for ATW has an indirect negative impact on turnover intention via work–life conflict, whereas extrinsic motivation for ATW has both a positive direct impact and a positive indirect impact (via work–life conflict) on turnover intention. This study also helps find that time spent on ATW can strengthen the positive impact of extrinsic motivation for ATW on turnover intention but has no moderation effect on the impact of intrinsic motivation for ATW. Furthermore, this study reveals that the interaction effect of time spent on ATW and extrinsic motivation on turnover intention is mediated by employees' perceived work–life conflict.Originality/valueBy discovering the distinct impact of employees' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for ATW on turnover intention, this research provides a contingent view regarding the impact of ATW and offers guidance to managers regarding how to mitigate ATW-induced turnover intention through fostering different motivations.
The potential of farmers’ markets: the Uganda case
Authors: Nalubowa Winnie , Moruzzo Roberta , Scarpellini Paola , Granai Giulia 
Published: January 2024

PurposeIn Uganda, smallholder farmers produce about 70% of the food but receive very low prices on the sales channels they use. To improve farmers' livelihoods, other innovative sales channels such as farmers' markets (FMs) have to be explored. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the potential of establishing farmers' markets in Uganda, focusing on Kampala district.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology was used to understand farmers' perceptions and the factors that could influence the success of the farmers' markets. In addition, the potential of FMs has been analyzed through the components of the Localized Agri-Food System (LAFS).FindingsThe respondents had a positive perception of the farmers' markets, and farmers have an urgent need for other sales channels that could be profitable for them. Factors that could influence the success of the FMs were highlighted, including infrastructure in the marketplace, transportation and taxation by the government.Research limitations/implicationsThe study had a limited sample size of the farmers, and it was carried out in 3 divisions of Kampala district, an urban area; thus, the findings cannot be generalized to fit the other regions of Uganda.Originality/valueThe LAFS showed that the foundation for establishing FMs is available; however, it has to be strengthened through the coordination of different stakeholders that work with the farmers.
Optimizing surface roughness in soft pneumatic gripper fabricated via FDM: experimental investigation using Taguchi method
Authors: Uludag Muhammet , Ulkir Osman 
Published: January 2024

Purpose In this study, experimental studies were carried out using different process parameters of the soft pneumatic gripper (SPG) fabricated by the fused deposition modeling method. In the experimental studies, the surface quality of the gripper was examined by determining four different levels and factors. The experiment was designed to estimate the surface roughness of the SPG.Design/methodology/approach The methodology consists of an experimental phase in which the SPG is fabricated and the surface roughness is measured. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) flex filament material was used in the fabrication of SPG. The control factors used in the Taguchi L16 vertical array experimental design and their level values were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to observe the effect of printing parameters on the surface quality. Finally, regression analysis was applied to mathematically model the surface roughness values obtained from the experimental measurements.Findings Based on the Taguchi signal-to-noise ratio and ANOVA, layer height is the most influential parameter for surface roughness. The best surface quality value was obtained with a surface roughness value of 18.752 µm using the combination of 100 µm layer height, 2 mm wall thickness, 200 °C nozzle temperature and 120 mm/s printing speed. The developed model predicted the surface roughness of SPG with 95% confidence intervals.Originality/value It is essential to examine the surface quality of parts fabricated in additive manufacturing using different variables. In the literature, surface roughness has been examined using different factors and levels. However, the surface roughness of a soft gripper fabricated with TPU material has not been examined previously. The surface quality of parts fabricated using flexible materials is very important.
Pelvic floor muscle strength and influencing factors based on vaginal manometry among healthy women at different life stages: A multicentre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Jing , Tian Zhao , Xu Tao , Wang Zhong‐Min , Zhu Xi‐Hui , Luo Jun , Cheng Fang , Gong Lin , Zhang Jie , Wang Li‐Hui , Zhu Wei‐Pei , Qu Xue‐Ling , Lin Zhong , Ge Wei‐Ping , Wang Bi‐Nan , Zhu Lan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and influencing factors among healthy women at different life stages.DesignMulticentre cross‐sectional study.SettingFourteen hospitals in China.PopulationA total of 5040 healthy women allocated to the following groups (with 1680 women per group): premenopausal nulliparous, premenopausal parous and postmenopausal.MethodsThe PFM strength was evaluated by vaginal manometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors for low PFM strength.Main Outcome MeasuresMaximum voluntary contraction pressure (MVCP).ResultsThe median MVCP values were 36, 35 and 35 cmH2O in premenopausal nulliparous (aged 19–51 years), premenopausal parous (aged 22–61 years), and postmenopausal (aged 40–86 years) women, respectively. In the premenopausal nulliparous group, physical work (odds ratio, OR 2.05) was the risk factor for low PFM strength, which may be related to the chronic increased abdominal pressure caused by physical work. In the premenopausal parous group, the number of vaginal deliveries (OR 1.28) and diabetes (OR 2.70) were risk factors for low PFM strength, whereas sexual intercourse (<2 times per week vs. none, OR 0.55; ≥2 times per week vs. none, OR 0.56) and PFM exercise (OR 0.50) may have protective effects. In the postmenopausal group, the number of vaginal deliveries (OR 1.32) and family history of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) (OR 1.83) were risk factors for low PFM strength.ConclusionsPhysical work, vaginal delivery, diabetes and a family history of POP are all risk factors for low PFM strength, whereas PFM exercises and sexual life can have a protective effect. The importance of these factors varies at different stages of a woman's life.
Unveiling child trafficking: Local perspectives and context in addressing sustainable development goals in Sierra Leone
Authors: Balch Alex , Cody Anna M. , Okech David , Callands Tamora , Fofanah Umaru , Wurie Haja Ramatulai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) included the goal of combating child labor and human trafficking, but regional variations complicate efforts to address these problems. In Sierra Leone, the government has taken steps to address these issues, but challenges remain, particularly in relation to access to education, in rural areas, and for young girls. This article examines local stakeholder understandings of child trafficking, and the distinction between child labor and child work in Sierra Leone. Participants included community leaders and those with lived experience of exploitation. Findings identify complex intersections and overlaps in understandings of these terms, and the ways these connect with norms and expectations impacting children and childhood in Sierra Leone. Lessons are drawn out for local and international policy and programming to incorporate structural factors within a wider lens of child protection, reframing anti‐trafficking to focus on positive aspects of recovery and resilience.
Routine diversion following delayed IPAA construction does not reduce the incidence of pouch‐related sepsis or failure in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Pooni Amandeep , Brar Mantaj S. , Kennedy Erin , Cohen Zane , MacRae Helen , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare modified 2‐stage and 3‐stage IPAA construction techniques to evaluate the effect of diverting loop ileostomy following completion proctectomy and IPAA for ulcerative colitis. In addition, our overall institutional experience was reviewed to describe long‐term outcomes and changes in staging trends over time.MethodsOur institutional database was searched to identify all cases of IPAA for ulcerative colitis between 1981 and 2018. Patient, pouch and outcome characteristics were abstracted. Primary study outcomes were the incidence of primary pouch failure and pouch‐related sepsis. Failure was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier estimates of survival over time. The adjusted effect of pouch stage was evaluated using multivariable Cox and logistic regression models. Exploratory analysis evaluated the effect of stage on failure in the pouch related sepsis subgroup.ResultsA total of 2105 patients underwent primary IPAA over the study period. The 5, 10 and 20‐year pouch survival probabilities were 95.2%, 92.7% and 86.6%. The incidence of pouch related sepsis was 12.3%. Adjusted analysis demonstrated no difference in pouch failure (HR = 0.64: 95% 0.39–1.07, p = 0.09) or post‐operative sepsis (aOR = 0.79: 95% CI 0.53–1.17, p = 0.24) by stage of construction. Among patients experiencing pouch sepsis, there was no difference in Kaplan–Meier estimates of pouch survival by stage (p = 0.90).ConclusionsPouch related sepsis and IPAA failure did not differ between modified 2‐stage and 3‐stage construction techniques. Among the sub‐group of patients experiencing pouch related sepsis, there was no difference in failure between groups. The results suggest diverting ileostomy may be safely avoided following delayed pouch reconstruction in appropriately selected patients.
Influence of a diet and/or exercise intervention on long‐term mortality and vascular complications in people with impaired glucose tolerance: Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome study
Authors: Yu Liping , Wang Jinping , Gong Qiuhong , An Yali , Chen Fei , Chen Yanyan , Chen XiaoPing , He Siyao , Qian Xin , Chen Bo , Dong Fen , Li Hui , Zhao Fang , Zhang Bo , Li Guangwei ,   for the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study Group
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the long‐term influence of a diet and/or exercise intervention on long‐term mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.MethodsThe Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study had 576 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) randomized to diet‐only, exercise‐only and diet‐plus‐exercise intervention group and control group. The participants underwent lifestyle interventions for 6 years. The subsequent Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study was a prospective cohort study to follow‐up the participants for up to 24 years after the end of 6‐year intervention. In total, 540 participants completed the follow‐up, while 36 subjects lost in follow‐up. Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to assess the influence of lifestyle interventions on targeted outcomes.ResultsCompared with controls, the diet‐only intervention in people with IGT was significantly associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.61‐0.97)], CVD death [HR 0.67, 95% CI (0.46‐0.97)] and CVD events [HR 0.72, 95% CI (0.54‐0.96)]. The diet‐plus‐exercise intervention was significantly associated with a decreased risk of all‐cause death [HR 0.64, 95% CI (0.48‐0.84)], CVD death [HR 0.54, 95% CI (0.30‐0.97)] and CVD events [HR 0.68, 95% CI (0.52‐0.90)]. Unexpectedly, the exercise‐only intervention was not significantly associated with the reduction of any of these outcomes, although there was a consistent trend towards reduction.ConclusionsA diet‐only intervention and a diet‐plus‐exercise intervention in people with IGT were significantly associated with a reduced risk of all‐cause death, CVD death and CVD events, while an exercise‐only intervention was not. It suggests that diet‐related interventions may have a potentially more reliable influence on long‐term vascular complications and mortality.
Did the PNR judgment address the core issues raised by mass surveillance?
Authors: Korff Douwe 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article looks at three main issues raised by the PNR scheme: (i) the base‐rate fallacy and its effect on false positives; (ii) built‐in biases; and (iii) opacity and unchallengeability of the decisions generated, and at whether the Court has properly addressed them. It concludes that the AG and the Court failed to address the evidentiary issues including the base‐rate fallacy—a lethal defect. It also finds that neither the Member States nor the Commission have even tried to assess whether the operation of the PNR Directive has resulted in discriminatory outputs or outcomes; and that the Court should have demanded that they produce serious, verifiable data on this, including on whether the PNR system has led in practice to discrimination. But it also finds that the AG and the Court provided important guidance on the third issue, in that they made clear that the use of unexplainable and hence unreviewable and unchallengeable “black box” machine‐learning artificial intelligence (ML/AI) systems violates the very essence of the right to an effective remedy. This means that any EU Member State that still uses such opaque ML/AI systems in its PNR screening will be in violation of the law.
The role of an artificial intelligence model in antiretroviral therapy counselling and advice for people living with HIV
Authors: Koh Matthew Chung Yi , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Yong Joy , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Archuleta Sophia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectivesPeople living with HIV may find personalized access to accurate information on antiretroviral therapy (ART) challenging given the stigma and costs potentially associated with attending physical consultations. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots such as ChatGPT may help to lower barriers to accessing information addressing concerns around ART initiation. However, the safety and accuracy of the information provided remains to be studied.MethodsWe instructed ChatGPT to answer questions that people living with HIV frequently ask about ART, covering i) knowledge of and access to ART; ii) ART initiation, side effects, and adherence, and iii) general sexual health practices while receiving ART. We checked the accuracy of the advice against international HIV clinical practice guidelines.ResultsChatGPT answered all questions accurately and comprehensively. It recognized potentially life‐threatening scenarios such as abacavir hypersensitivity reaction and gave appropriate advice. However, in certain contexts, such as specific geographic locations or for pregnant individuals, the advice lacked specificity to an individual's unique circumstances and may be inadequate. Nevertheless, ChatGPT consistently re‐directed the individual to seek help from a healthcare professional to obtain targeted advice.ConclusionsChatGPT may act as a useful adjunct in the process of ART counselling for people living with HIV. Improving access to information on and knowledge about ART may improve access and adherence to ART and outcomes for people living with HIV overall.
Low‐temperature sintering Sm‐doped PMN–PZ–PT multilayer ceramic actuator with high strain and temperature stability
Authors: Guo Qinghu , Wang Pengbin , Meng Xiangyu , Li Dongxu , Yao Zhonghua , Sun Huajun , Hao Hua , Liu Hanxing , Zhang Shujun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMultilayer ceramic actuators find extensive utility in applications requiring precise displacement control or force output, due to their advantages of high precision control, rapid response, low driving voltage, low power consumption, and so on. For practical applications, there is a need for high‐performance multilayer ceramic actuators (MLAs) that combine cost‐effectiveness, efficiency, and temperature stability. In this work, 1.5 mol%Sm‐doped 0.25 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.36PbZrO3–0.39PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics with PbO–CuO as sintering aid were fabricated. The addition of PbO–CuO significantly reduced the sintering temperature by 300°C, while having minimal impact on the piezoelectric properties. The optimized sintering condition, achieved at a low sintering temperature of 950°C with the introduction of a tiny 0.4 wt% sintering aid, yields impressive piezoelectric strain coefficient d33* = 690 pm/V. This substantiates the viability of employing low‐cost Ag/Pd (90/10) as inner electrode, which can be co‐fired with ceramic layer to fabricate MLA. This innovation enables a remarkable displacement of 1 µm at a low driving voltage of 200 V across a 9‐layers piezoelectric actuator, accompanied by high‐temperature stability, exhibiting <20% variation over the temperature range of 30–250°C. These results underscore a great potential for high‐performance piezoelectric actuators over a broad temperature range.
Drought memory in Acanthostachys strobilacea, a CAM epiphytic bromeliad
Authors: Carvalho V. , Gaspar M. , Nievola C. C. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Stress memory is the development of altered responses to stress due to previous exposure, which might result in increased tolerance. Biochemical and physiological parameters shown to be positively affected by stress memory include those of the antioxidant and nitrosative metabolism, photosynthetic pigments and osmolyte content. Epiphytic bromeliads likely present stress memory since they experience frequent droughts in the canopies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate if the epiphytic bromeliad Acanthostachys strobilacea (Schult. & Schult.f.) Klotzsch shows improved metabolic stress defence responses to a second drought and rewatering cycle compared to a single exposure.

In a controlled environment chamber, 90‐day‐old plants were exposed to one or two drought–rewatering cycles of 14 days without irrigation and 5 days of rewatering each. Sampling occurred after the final drought and rewatering periods for one or two cycles treatments.

The free amino acid, chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels and S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) activity were higher at the second drought than at the first exposure. The rise in nocturnal acidification (indicative of increased CAM activity) caused by the initial drought persisted through the second drought–rewatering cycle, implying a lasting memory effect on CAM activity. Furthermore, the second recovery did not induce glutathione accumulation, as in the first rewatering event, suggesting the pre‐exposure to drought reduced this thiol's demand during a later recovery.

Our results evidence metabolic changes related to drought stress memory in A. strobilacea, supporting this mechanism might be involved in the tolerance of epiphytic bromeliads to intermittent droughts.
Unraveling the Molecular Functions of Multifaced Plant‐Vacuolar Processing Enzymes
Authors: Sarwar Rehman , Yu Jiang , Zekraoui Meryem , Wang Yong , Zhu Ke‐ming , Tan Xiao‐Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the plant development cycle, different types of proteases play essential functions. Plant vacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) are a group of cysteine proteases localized in the cell vacuoles that process and regulate several larger proprotein precursors. VPEs activate the proteolytic cleavage of proproteins precursors within aspartic acid and asparagine residues to trigger the tightly controlled programmed cell death process induced by different stages of plant development and environmental cues, impacting myriad plant physiological processes. In plants, VPEs are categorized into embryo, vegetative, and seed coat‐types, in which embryo and seed coat‐type VPEs are mainly involved in processing the seed storage protein precursors to provide nutrients for early growth, while the vegetative type induces programmed cell death in a varied range of vegetative tissues. Recently, several plant VPEs exhibited transpeptidase activity, which is essential for the cyclization mechanism during the production of cyclotides. In this review, we explore and understand the complex functions of plant VPEs, which can lead to the production of stress‐tolerant and higher‐yield crops, and provide the recent advances in the application of VPEs in molecular pharming, which highlights the significant implications of VPEs in protein science and agriculture.
Abscisic acid inhibits germination of Striga seeds and is released by them likely as a rhizospheric signal supporting host infestation
Authors: Jamil Muhammad , Alagoz Yagiz , Wang Jian You , Chen Guan‐Ting Erica , Berqdar Lamis , Kharbatia Najeh M. , Moreno Juan C. , Kuijer Hendrik N. J. , Al‐Babili Salim 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYSeeds of the root parasitic plant Striga hermonthica undergo a conditioning process under humid and warm environments before germinating in response to host‐released stimulants, particularly strigolactones (SLs). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates different growth and developmental processes, and stress response; however, its role during Striga seed germination and early interactions with host plants is under‐investigated. Here, we show that ABA inhibited Striga seed germination and that hindering its biosynthesis induced conditioning and germination in unconditioned seeds, which was significantly enhanced by treatment with the SL analog rac‐GR24. However, the inhibitory effect of ABA remarkably decreased during conditioning, confirming the loss of sensitivity towards ABA in later developmental stages. ABA measurement showed a substantial reduction of its content during the early conditioning stage and a significant increase upon rac‐GR24‐triggered germination. We observed this increase also in released seed exudates, which was further confirmed by using the Arabidopsis ABA‐reporter GUS marker line. Seed exudates of germinated seeds, containing elevated levels of ABA, impaired the germination of surrounding Striga seeds in vitro and promoted root growth of a rice host towards germinated Striga seeds. Application of ABA as a positive control caused similar effects, indicating its function in Striga/Striga and Striga/host communications. In summary, we show that ABA is an essential player during seed dormancy and germination processes in Striga and acts as a rhizospheric signal likely to support host infestation.