bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postnatal development of parvalbumin‐ and GABA transporter‐immunoreactive axon terminals in monkey prefrontal cortex
Authors: Erickson Susan L. , Lewis David A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the primate prefrontal cortex, the axon terminals of the chandelier class of inhibitory local circuit neurons have a distinctive time course of postnatal development. In this study, we sought to determine whether the axon terminals of other classes of local circuit neurons are also refined during postnatal development. We examined postnatal changes in the density of punctate structures immunoreactive for the calcium binding protein parvalbumin, which identifies a subset of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ‐containing terminals, in the prefrontal cortex of 35 rhesus monkeys ranging in age from newborn to adult. In area 46, the density of parvalbumin‐ immunoreactive puncta in the superficial and middle layers was extremely low in the newborn animals, then increased more than 10‐fold to adult levels, which were achieved by 3 to 4 years of age. In layer V, a band of labeled puncta present in the newborn animals also increased in density until 3 to 4 years of age. Developmental changes of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive puncta in area 9 were similar to those in area 46. In contrast, the density of punctate structures labeled with an antibody against a GABA membrane transporter (GAT‐1) did not change across development, suggesting that the number of GABAergic terminals is stable over time, but that the level of parvalbumin protein within the terminals varies. The time course of the observed changes in these parvalbumin‐labeled terminals is markedly different from that of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive chandelier cell terminal clusters. These findings suggest that morphologically specialized classes of inhibitory interneurons assume prominence within the prefrontal cortical network at different stages of postnatal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:186–202, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Age‐related decreases in Nurr1 immunoreactivity in the human substantia nigra
Authors: Chu Yaping , Kompoliti Katie , Cochran Elizabeth J. , Mufson Elliott J. , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNuclear receptor‐related factor 1 (Nurr1), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is associated with the induction of dopaminergic (DA) phenotypes in developing and mature midbrain neurons. It is well established that dopaminergic nigrostriatal function decreases with age. Whether age‐related deficits in DA phenotypic markers are associated with alterations in Nurr1 expression is unknown. The present study found that virtually all of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐ir) neurons within the young adult human substantia nigra were Nurr1‐immunoreactive (Nurr1‐ir) positive. Stereologic counts revealed a significant reduction in the number of Nurr1‐ir nigral neurons in middle‐aged (23.13%) and aged (46.33%) individuals relative to young subjects. The loss of Nurr1‐ir neurons was associated with a similar decline in TH‐ir neuron number. In this regard, TH‐ir neuronal number was decreased in middle‐aged (11.10%) and in aged (45.97%) subjects, and this loss of TH‐ir neurons was highly correlated (r = 0.92) with the loss of Nurr1‐ir neurons. In contrast, the number of melanin‐containing nigral neuron number was generally stable across age groups, indicating that changes in Nurr1 and TH reflect phenotypic age‐related changes and not frank neuronal degeneration. In support of this concept, confocal microscopic analyses of Nurr1‐ir and TH‐ir fluorescence intensity revealed parallel decreases in Nurr1‐ and TH‐immunofluorescence as a function of age. These data demonstrate that age‐related decline of DA phenotypic markers is associated with down‐regulation of Nurr1 expression in the SN. J. Comp. Neurol. 450:203–214, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypothalamic inferior lobe and lateral torus connections in a percomorph teleost, the red cichlid (Hemichromis lifalili)
Authors: Ahrens Katja , Wullimann Mario F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe neuroanatomic connections of the inferior lobe and the lateral torus of the percomorph Hemichromis lifalili were investigated by 1,1′, dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindo‐carbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) tracing. The inferior lobe and the lateral torus both receive afferents from the secondary gustatory nucleus. Additional afferents reach the inferior lobe from the nucleus glomerulosus, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, dorsal and central posterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus lateralis valvulae, magnocellular part of the magnocellular nucleus of the preoptic region, caudal nucleus of the preglomerular region, posterior tuberal nucleus, area dorsalis of the telencephalon, and a tegmental nucleus (T2). Efferents from the inferior lobe and the lateral torus terminate in the dorsal hypothalamic neuropil and corpus mamillare. Furthermore, the inferior lobe projects to the medial nucleus of the lateral tuberal hypothalamus and perhaps makes axo‐axonal synapses in the tractus tectobulbaris rectus. The inferior lobe and the torus lateralis have reciprocal connections with the preglomerular tertiary gustatory nucleus and posterior thalamic nucleus and are also mutually interconnected. The inferior lobe is also reciprocally connected with the medial nucleus of the preglomerular region, reticular formation and sparsely with the anterior dorsal thalamic and the ventromedial thalamic nuclei. Thus, whereas the lateral torus is exclusively connected with the gustatory system, the inferior lobe is of a multisensory nature. In comparison with the goldfish (Carassius auratus), the connectivity pattern of the inferior lobe of Hemichromis lifalili reflects its specialization with respect to the visual system, as it receives qualitative (i.e., dorsal posterior, anterior, and ventromedial thalamic nuclei) as well as quantitative (i.e., nucleus glomerulosus) additional visual input. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:43–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fredholm determinants, Jimbo‐Miwa‐Ueno τ‐functions, and representation theory
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Deift Percy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe authors show that a wide class of Fredholm determinants arising in the representation theory of “big” groups, such as the infinite‐dimensional unitary group, solve Painlevé equations. Their methods are based on the theory of integrable operators and the theory of Riemann‐Hilbert problems. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Individual differences in psychophysiological reactivity in adults with childhood abuse
Authors: Schmahl Christian G. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Bremner J. Douglas 
Published: October 2002

AbstractLittle is known about the neurobiological correlates of stress‐related disorders. In particular almost nothing is known about biological correlates of specific personality disorders that have been linked to stress. We measured heart rate and blood pressure reactivity in response to personalized traumatic scripts together with subjective psychological ratings in four women with a history of childhood abuse with no disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Histrionic Personality Disorder. Psychophysiology as well as subjective ratings differed markedly between the four women, with elevated reactions found in PTSD and histrionic personality, and extreme decline in physiological reactivity associated with a dissociative response in the borderline patient. It is concluded that reactivity to traumatic reminders can be correlated with the existence of different stress‐related diagnoses. Personality characteristics seem to have an influence on psychophysiological reactivity in patients with stress‐related psychiatric disorders. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychometric characteristics of the traumatic experiences checklist (TEC): first findings among psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Nijenhuis Ellert R. S. , Van der Hart Onno , Kruger Karlien 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the reliability and validity of a retrospective self‐report measure of potential traumatic experiences among psychiatric outpatients. The range of evaluated experiences includes emotional neglect and abuse. Participants completed the Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) (N = 153), a self‐report trauma questionnaire of known psychometric qualities, i.e. the Stressful Life Experiences Questionnaire (SLESQ), and self‐report measures of somatoform dissociation (SDQ‐20), psychoform dissociation (DES). A majority (N = 115) completed the TEC twice, and also completed a measure of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD‐ss). The TEC's internal consistency and test–retest reliability were good, and the TEC strongly correlated with the SLESQ. Associations between the TEC and the PTSD‐ss, DES, and SDQ‐20 supported the criterion‐related validity of the TEC. The internal consistency, test–retest reliability and criterion‐related validity of TEC trauma area presence and severity scores were also satisfactory. Preliminary findings suggest that the psychometric characteristics of the TEC are good. Future study of the TEC should include larger samples of psychiatric patients, as well as non‐clinical groups. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of multiple output operation for switched‐capacitor resonant converters
Authors: Yeung Y. P. B. , Cheng K. W. E. , Sutanto D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA family of switched‐capacitor circuits using two transistors is presented. This family only requires very small inductor for resonance and therefore is suitable for hybridization. It has variable topologies which provide different voltage conversion ratios. Each of the topologies can be merged to produce multiple outputs. This paper investigates the feasibility of this circuit merger technique. Experimental and theoretical analyses are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: Potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hodge Greg , Hodge Sandy , Han Ping 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundCytokines involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) direct a predominantly cell‐mediated T‐ helper‐1 (Th1) immune response. The nonspecific anti‐inflammatory treatment being used in the management of patients with IBD has not changed much since the 1970s and new therapeutic agents are keenly sought. Several compounds isolated from Allium sativum (garlic) modulate leukocyte cell proliferation and cytokine production.MethodsTo investigate the possible therapeutic effects of garlic in the treatment of patients with IBD, whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated in the presence of various concentrations of garlic extract and the effect on leukocyte cytokine production was determined in vitro using multiparameter flow cytometry.ResultsMonocyte interleukin (IL)‐12 production was inhibited significantly in the presence of low concentrations of garlic extract (≥0.1 μg/ml total protein). Monocyte IL‐10 production increased significantly and monocyte tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), IL‐1α, IL‐6, IL‐8, T‐cell interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), IL‐2, and TNF‐α decreased significantly in the presence of ≥10 μg/ml garlic extract. Twenty to fifty percent of the immunomodulatory activity of garlic extract on cytokine production was acid labile. The inhibitory activity of methylprednisolone, a commonly used anti‐inflammatory in IBD, with garlic on leukocyte cytokine production was additive.ConclusionsBy inhibiting Th1 and inflammatory cytokines while upregulating IL‐10 production, treatment with garlic extract may help to resolve inflammation associated with IBD. An in vivo animal model study needs to be undertaken to determine the significance of these in vitro findings. Cytometry 48:209–215, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism for shaping the emitted traffic at ATM terminal‐points
Authors: Koukos A. K. , Evangelatos A. F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA mechanism for controlling the emitted traffic to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, system design and implementation architectures are introduced. Specifically, the effective rate of a stream, defined under certain multiplexing conditions and quality‐of‐service specifications, is enforced to desired values by controlling the cell emission rate of the generated bursts. The traffic shaping mechanism is closely associated to an ATM transmitter, which is mainly responsible for ATM cell assembly and header error control. The mechanism has been designed to support data communication services. The whole system has been implemented as a VLSI circuit. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A slotted multicode CDMA protocol for efficient integration of voice and data in cellular networks
Authors: Zhang H. , Gburzynski P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a novel radio channel structure based on slotted CDMA technology intended for carrying traffic with diverse bandwidth/QoS requirements in mobile environments, e.g. personal communication systems (PCS). The essence of our approach is a combination of flexible slotting with allocation of multiple codes to high‐bandwidth mobiles. As demonstrated by our performance studies, the proposed scheme efficiently integrates multiple traffic classes into a unified CDMA system. It is highly flexible and incurs low overheads for a wide range of realistic traffic conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic utility of galectin‐3 and CD26/DPPIV as preoperative diagnostic markers for thyroid nodules
Authors: Aratake Yatsuki , Umeki Kazumi , Kiyoyama Kazuaki , Hinoura Yuji , Sato Shinya , Ohno Akinobu , Kuribayashi Tadanobu , Hirai Keisuke , Nabeshima Kazuki , Kotani Tomio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to search for diagnostic markers that could correctly identify thyroid nodular lesions requiring urgent surgical treatment. We investigated whether galectin‐3 and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV) could be potential markers for improving the diagnostic accuracy of conventional cytology. Seventy‐nine patients with histologically proven thyroid diseases were analyzed. The immunocytochemical staining results showed galectin‐3 expression in neoplastic cells of all 37 papillary carcinomas, five of six follicular carcinomas, all three anaplastic carcinomas, one of three medullary carcinomas, and two of 14 follicular adenomas. All 16 adenomatous goiters were negative for galectin‐3 immunostaining. On the other hand, all 37 papillary carcinomas, all six follicular carcinomas, and one of three anaplastic carcinomas revealed CD26/DPPIV expression, whereas all three medullary carcinomas were negative. Among benign thyroid lesions, four of 14 follicular adenomas and two of 16 adenomatous goiters exhibited varying degrees of immunoreactivity for CD26/DPPIV. RT‐PCR analysis demonstrated overexpression of galectin‐3 and CD26/DPPIV mRNAs in all six papillary and all three follicular carcinomas analyzed, whereas the mRNA expressions of these molecules were barely or not detectable in benign thyroid lesions and normal thyroid tissues, except for one case of follicular adenoma. In conclusion, we demonstrate that galectin‐3 and CD26/DPPIV were consistently coexpressed at protein and mRNA levels in differentiated thyroid carcinomas. We propose that combined immunostaining for galectin‐3 and CD26/DPPIV in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules may play a role in accurate cytodiagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:366–372. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic significance of endocervical glandular cells with “golden‐yellow” mucin on pap smear
Authors: Hata Sakae , Mikami Yoshiki , Manabe Toshiaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEndocervical glandular cells rarely show “golden‐yellow” mucin staining using the Papanicolaou technique, whereas the cells of adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma) do. To further evaluate the significance of this finding, we reviewed the Pap smears of six cases in which atypical glandular cells containing golden‐yellow mucin was identified. Microscopic examination of the hysterectomy specimens confirmed one case of adenoma malignum, whereas the other five cases were diagnosed as endocervical glandular hyperplasia with pyloric gland metaplasia. Glandular cells observed in all six cases were filled with golden‐yellow mucin. In the case of adenoma malignum the nuclei were somewhat more enlarged and the chromatin texture was coarsely granular, although a distinction between adenoma malignum and the five benign lesions was difficult. Special staining performed on tissue sections in all cases demonstrated that the intracytoplasmic mucin of the glandular cells in portion of both pyloric gland metaplasia and adenoma malignum was predominantly PAS‐positive and showed immunoreactivity for M‐GGMC‐1 (HIK1083), which reacts with pyloric gland mucin of the stomach. A review of 1,165 consecutive Pap smears failed to identify cells with golden‐yellow mucin. These observations indicate that golden‐yellow mucin on Papanicolaou smear seems to represent a gastric phenotype of endocervical glandular cells, which is a unique characteristic shared by adenoma malignum and pyloric gland metaplasia. This finding should therefore be regarded as a warning sign, raising the possibility of adenoma malignum and requiring prompt histopathologic assessment, although not of itself diagnostic of malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:80–84. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of unusual germ cell tumors of the mediastinum: Atypical seminoma and parietal yolk sac tumor
Authors: Yang Grace C.H. , Hwang Sonya J. , Yee Herman T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 30‐yr‐old man presented with a mediastinal germ cell tumor that combined the histologic pattern of seminoma with the immunohistochemical profile of embryonal carcinoma (β‐HCG+/PLAP−). In FNA smears, this atypical seminoma presented as fragile large cells with scanty cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei, irregular and indistinct nucleoli, scattered singly and in loosely cohesive fragments without the characteristic lymphocytic or tigroid background. The cytologic features were more suggestive of a poorly differentiated carcinoma than seminoma, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and mismanagement. The second case was a 51‐yr‐old female smoker who presented with mediastinal parietal yolk sac tumor with extension to the lung, a rare occurrence, and contrary to the clinical impression of lung cancer with hilar lymph node metastasis. This case illustrates the value of using the unique cytologic features of parietal yolk sac tumor, i.e., the abundant, viscous, stringy metachromatic extracellular hyaline material associated with the tumor cells in reaching the accurate diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:69–74. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the retroperitoneum: A series of 111 cases not including specific organs
Authors: López‐Ríos Fernando , Pérez‐Barrios Andrés , Alberti Nuria , Vargas Javier , Lozano Francisco , de Agustín Pedro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe report on our experience in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of the retroperitoneum: 111 FNA biopsies performed on 99 patients. Cytologic diagnoses were divided into four groups: nondiagnostic (unsatisfactory samples because of a low cellularity and/or improperly prepared smears) aspirates (20%), benign (16%), suspicious for malignancy (13%), and malignant (50%). There were no known false‐positive samples. We had two false‐negative diagnoses due to sampling errors. Among diagnostic smears, the procedure showed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100%. The predictive value of a positive result was 100% and the predictive value of a negative result was 90%. The overall accuracy was 98%. Metastatic carcinomas accounted for the largest number of lesions in the group of malignant tumors. A primary tumor site was known for the majority of the cases before the aspiration was performed. In the remaining cases we were unable to suggest an origin. It is therefore important to emphasize the role of ancillary studies in patients that are at the first assessment of the disease or when a second intercurrent malignancy is suspected. In our limited experience, a suggestion of the correct subtype of retroperitoneal sarcoma was not possible. As in the rest of cytopathology, a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory in this setting to improve patient management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;27:85–89. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The novel nootropic compound DM232 (UNIFIRAM) ameliorates memory impairment in mice and rats
Authors: Ghelardini Carla , Galeotti Nicoletta , Gualtieri Fulvio , Manetti Dina , Bucherelli Corrado , Baldi Elisabetta , Bartolini Alessandro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe favorable pharmacological profile exhibited by piracetam stimulated the synthesis of related compounds potentially endowed with a higher nootropic potency. The antiamnesic and procognitive activity of DM232 (unifiram), a new compound structurally related to piracetam, was investigated. Mouse passive avoidance and rat Morris water maze and Social learning tests were employed. DM232 (0.001–1 mg kg−1 i.p. – 0.01–0.1 1 mg kg−1 p.o.) prevented amnesia induced by scopolamine (1.5 mg kg−1 i.p.), mecamylamine (20 mg kg−1 i.p.), baclofen (2 mg kg−1 i.p.), and clonidine (0.125 mg kg−1 i.p.). Furthermore, The antiamnesic effect of the investigated compound was comparable to that exerted by well‐known nootropic drugs such as piracetam (30–100 mg kg−1 i.p.), aniracetam (100 mg kg−1 p.o.), rolipram (30 mg kg−1 p.o.), and nicotine (5 mg kg−1 i.p). DM232 (0.1 mg kg−1 i.p.) was also able to prevent amnesia induced by scopolamine (0.8 mg kg−1 i.p.) in the rat Morris watermaze test. In the rat social learning test, DM232 (0.1 mg kg−1 i.p.) injected in adults rats reduced the duration of active exploration of the familiar partner in the second session of the test. DM232, similarly to piracetam, reduced the duration of hypnosis induced by pentobarbital. At the highest effective doses, the investigated compound did not impair motor coordination (rota rod test), nor modified spontaneous (Animex). These results indicate DM232 (unifiram) as a novel cognition enhancer, strictly related to piracetam‐like compounds, able to ameliorate memory impairment at doses about 1,000 times lower than the most active available nootropic compounds. Drug Dev. Res. 56:23–32, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in behavior and monoamine laterality following neonatal clomipramine treatment
Authors: Andersen Susan L. , Dumont Nathalie L. , Teicher Martin H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPostnatal treatment between 8 to 21 days of age with clomipramine (15 mg/kg, twice daily) produces an animal model that has many of the behavioral hallmarks of depression. In this study, we investigated the enduring behavioral and neurochemical effects of this early treatment in adult animals. Locomotor activity was increased in clomipramine‐treated males, but not females, relative to vehicle‐treated subjects. Increases in anxiety‐like behavior in the elevated plus maze also were observed in clomipramine‐exposed adults, but no sex differences were detected. Clomipramine‐treated animals had shifts in the laterality of monoamines in limbic regions with lower serotonin levels on the right side while vehicle‐treated animals had lower serotonin on the left side. The lateralization of dopamine content demonstrated the same pattern. This decline in monoaminergic content is consistent with clinical studies demonstrating decrements in serotonin as well as alterations in the lateralization of function in individuals with major depressive order. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 41: 50–57, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10055