bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the antibiotic elution profile from tricalcium phosphate bone cement by addition of bioactive glass
Authors: Abd El-Hamid H. K. , Farag Mohammad M. , Abdelraof Mohamed , Elwan R. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work aimed at tailoring of different properties of antibacterial drug delivery Ca-phosphate cements by incorporation of bioactive glass (BG). The cements were prepared from beta-tricalcium phosphate cement (β-TCP) and BG based on 50 SiO2—20 CaO—15 Na2O—7 B2O3—4 P2O5—4 Al2O3 wt% with different percentages of BG [5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/w)]. The composite cements were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and TEM. Moreover, in vitro bioactivity and biodegradation were evaluated in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C. In addition, physical properties and mechanical strength were determined. Also, the effect of glass addition on the drug release profile was examined using gentamicin. Finally, the antimicrobial activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria, one unicellular fungal strain (Candida albicans), and one multicellular fungal strain (Mucor racemosus). The results showed that after soaking in SBF, the compression strength values ranged from 14 to 36 MPa, the bulk densities and porosities were within 1.35 to 1.49 g/cm3 and 51.3 to 44.71%, respectively. Furthermore, gentamicin was released in a sustained manner, and BG decreased the released drug amount from ~ 80% (in pure β-TCP) to 47–53% in the composite cements. A drug release profile that is sustained by all samples was achieved. The antimicrobial test showed good activity of gentamicin-conjugated cements against bacteria and fungi used in this study. Additionally, cytotoxicity results proved that all samples were safe on MG-63 cells up to 50 µg/mL with no more than 7–12% dead cells. From the view of the physico-mechanical properties, bioactivity, biodegradation, and drug release rate, 20BG/β-TCP sample was nominated for practical bone grafting material, where it showed appropriate setting time and a relatively high mechanical strength suitable for cancellous bone.
A generalized Poisson regression analysis of determinants of early neonatal mortality in Ethiopia using 2019 Ethiopian mini demographic health survey
Authors: Getaneh Fekadeselassie Belege , Belete Alemu Gedefie , Ayres Aznamariam , Ayalew Tewoflos , Muche Amare , Derseh Lemma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeonatal mortality within the first few days of life is a pressing issue in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Despite efforts to achieve the targets set by the Sustainable Development Goals, the rate of neonatal mortality in Ethiopia has increased from 29 to 33 deaths per 1000 live births. This study aimed to investigate and identify significant determinants of neonatal mortality within the first 72 h of life in Ethiopia. Utilizing data from the 2019 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, we employed Generalized Poisson regression analysis following rigorous model fitness assessment. Our study encompassed 5527 weighted live-born neonates. Among women in their reproductive years, 3.1% (n = 174) experienced at least one very early neonatal death. Multiple births (Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR) = 3.48; CI = 1.76, 6.887) and birth order six or above (IRR = 2.23; CI = 1.008, 4.916) were associated with an increased risk of neonatal death within the first 72 h. Conversely, household size (IRR = 0.72; CI = 0.586, 0.885) and additional feeding practices (IRR = 0.33; CI = 0.188, 0.579) were found to mitigate the risk of very early neonatal mortality per mother in Ethiopia. Interventions targeting the identified risk factors and promoting protective factors can contribute to reducing very early neonatal mortality rates and improving the well-being of mothers and their newborns. Further research and implementation of evidence-based strategies are needed to address these challenges and ensure better neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia.
Lung endothelium exploits susceptible tumor cell states to instruct metastatic latency
Authors: Jakab Moritz , Lee Ki Hong , Uvarovskii Alexey , Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Kulkarni Shubhada R. , Jakab Sevinç , Rostalski Till , Spegg Carleen , Anders Simon , Augustin Hellmut G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn metastasis, cancer cells travel around the circulation to colonize distant sites. Due to the rarity of these events, the immediate fates of metastasizing tumor cells (mTCs) are poorly understood while the role of the endothelium as a dissemination interface remains elusive. Using a newly developed combinatorial mTC enrichment approach, we provide a transcriptional blueprint of the early colonization process. Following their arrest at the metastatic site, mTCs were found to either proliferate intravascularly or extravasate, thereby establishing metastatic latency. Endothelial-derived angiocrine Wnt factors drive this bifurcation, instructing mTCs to follow the extravasation–latency route. Surprisingly, mTC responsiveness towards niche-derived Wnt was established at the epigenetic level, which predetermined tumor cell behavior. Whereas hypomethylation enabled high Wnt activity leading to metastatic latency, methylated mTCs exhibited low activity and proliferated intravascularly. Collectively the data identify the predetermined methylation status of disseminated tumor cells as a key regulator of mTC behavior in the metastatic niche.
Challenges in Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Ventriculitis: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Difficult-to-Treat Central Nervous System Infection Resistant to Conventional Therapy
Authors: Ongun Hakan , Kihtir Zeynep , Zarif Nurten Ozkan , Ozyurt Ozlem Koyuncu , Kara Tugce Tural , Celik Kiymet , Arayici Sema 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective Ventriculitis is an example of the increasing global trend in difficult-to-treat infections in neonates caused by pathogens resistant to conventional therapies. This article describes the first use of intravenous and intraventricular tigecycline to treat ventriculitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a preterm neonate and systematically review the literature on challenges posed by the definitions, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal ventriculitis
Methods The authors searched PubMed and Internet search engines for “ventriculitis” in the period from 2003 to 2023 restricting the research to “Newborn,” “Human,” “English language,” and “full-text availability.”
Results Thirty-seven publications (20 case reports, 6 case series, and 11 research articles) were extracted upon research. Preterm birth, posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation requiring placement of ventricular access devices, and sepsis preceded neonatal ventriculitis. Infections caused by rare microorganisms, in particular gram-negative bacteria resistant to conventional therapies, predominated in the publications describing the need for a combination of intravenous (IV) and intraventricular (IVT) therapies. Survivors of neonatal ventriculitis developed neurodevelopmental impairments such as hydrocephalus, seizures, motor function, hearing, and vision impairment.
Conclusion Clinical suspicion of ventriculitis indicated by subtle signs is key for prompt diagnosis. Effective IV and IVT antibiotics are essential to prevent serious sequelae and mortality. The drug delivery method should be changed if there is no clinical response. This study emphasizes the urgent need for pediatric trials of antibiotics against organisms resistant to other drugs.
Exploring Health Care Disparities in Genetic Testing and Research for Hereditary Cardiomyopathy: Current State and Future Perspectives
Authors: Huang Helen , Verma Jay , Mok Valerie , Bharadwaj Hareesha R. , Alrawashdeh Maen M. , Aratikatla Adarsh , Sudan Sourav , Talukder Suprateeka , Habaka Minatoullah , Tse Gary , Bardhan Mainak 
Published: February 2024

Background Hereditary cardiomyopathies are commonly occurring myocardial conditions affecting heart structure and function with a genetic or familial association, but the etiology is often unknown. Cardiomyopathies are linked to significant mortality, requiring robust risk stratification with genetic testing and early diagnosis.
Hypothesis We hypothesized that health care disparities exist in genetic testing for hereditary cardiomyopathies within clinical practice and research studies.
Methods In a narrative fashion, we conducted a literature search with online databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Science Direct on papers related to hereditary cardiomyopathies. A comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English on disparities in diagnostics and treatment was grouped into four categories.
Results Racial and ethnic disparities in research study enrollment and health care delivery favor White populations and higher socioeconomic status, resulting in differences in the development and implementation of effective genetic screening. Such disparities have shown to be detrimental, as minorities often suffer from disease progression to heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Barriers related to clinical genetic testing included insurance-related issues and health illiteracy. The underrepresentation of minority populations extends to research methodologies, as testing in ethnic minorities resulted in a significantly lower detection rate and diagnostic yield, as well as a higher likelihood of misclassification of variants.
Conclusions Prioritizing minority-based participatory research programs and screening protocols can address systemic disparities. Diversifying research studies can improve risk stratification strategies and impact clinical practice.
Parent-implemented interventions in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gao Xin , Drani Syazwani 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to test the effects of the parent-implemented interventions (PIIs) on children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in China and to explore the effects of PIIs on the family quality of life of families of children with ASD in China. This study adopted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design based on PIIs. Participants is divided into intervention group (N(parents) = 35, Age(M ± SD) = 35.69 ± 3.45; N(children) = 35, Age(M ± SD) = 5.49 ± 2.74) and control group (N(parents) = 35, Age(M ± SD) = 36.06 ± 4.28; N(children) = 35, Age(M ± SD) = 5.71 ± 3.25); parents in intervention group were trained with PIIs and required to implement family interventions for their children with ASD as they learned. This study will provide data to support the development and improvement of PIIs, and will also benefit the well-being and sustainability of children with ASD and their families. Compared to control group, the children in intervention group had a significant improvement in social communication ability (p < 0.05), and the families in intervention group had a significant enhancing in family quality of life (satisfaction) (p < 0.001). This study found that PIIs are effective in enhancing the social communication ability of children with ASD in China and the family quality of life (satisfaction) of their families. PIIs is a good and cost-effective complement to rehabilitation training in professional institutions, and have positive significance for the well-being and sustainability of children with ASD and their families.
X-ray photoelectron diffraction as a modern tool for determining surface stacking sequence in layered materials
Authors: de Lima L H , de Siervo A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigated the surface structure of a NbSe2 single crystal at room temperature, using angle-scanned x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) combined with multiple scattering calculations. Different stacking sequences were tested (1T, 2H
a
, 2H
c
, and 3R), including possible stacking faults and a mixed 2H–3R stacking proposed earlier in the literature. We confirm the capability of XPD to distinguish different proposed structural models and, unambiguously, determine the true surface structure. Also, our findings provide reliable in-plane and interlayer distances. We observed expansions of the perpendicular distances between atomic planes within the monolayer and between monolayers of 3%–5%. These results are important as accurate experimental input for the development of theoretical methods that involve a quantitative description of van der Waals systems.
Stepped frequency ultrasound computed tomography with waveform inversion
Authors: Forte Luca A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Routine US (ultrasound) scans for breast imaging run on a conventional console suffer from machine and operator dependence and are subject to personal interpretation. Recently, the framework of USCT (ultrasound computed tomography) has emerged as a safe, powerful and operator independent alternative to diagnostic US scans and x-rays mammography. The most known systems employ one circular array or a combination of transmitters and receivers by exploiting reflection, diffraction and transmission data. These systems are based on a pulsed transmission. Following propagation in tissue, the signals are usually recorded with a direct RF sampling scheme and stored as digital time-series. Image reconstruction is performed in the frequency domain in the 400 kHz–1 MHz bandwidth over a limited number of discrete frequencies. In this paper, we propose a new architecture based on the stepped frequency continuous waveform (SFCW) principle. In this scheme, the transmission is a continuous one and the received waveforms undergo a homo-dyne stage. By sequentially transmitting single tones at different frequencies, data can be collected directly in the frequency domain at specific frequencies, with programmable frequency steps and with any desired SNR. We describe in detail the transmitter and the receiver paths and compare with a conventional pulsed USCT architecture. Finally, we highlight the benefits of a SFCW-USCT device and comment on SNR, absorbed power, data fidelity and data storage.
Unravelling the role of iron and manganese oxides in colouring Late Antique glass by micro-XANES and micro-XRF spectroscopies
Authors: Gherardi Francesca , Hole Clément , Campbell Ewan , Cotte Marine , Tyson Rachel , Paynter Sarah 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research aims to understand colouring technologies in 5th–7th centuries glass imported to Atlantic Britain by correlating the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) ratios and oxidation states with colour. Despite having a similar matrix chemical composition and concentrations of Fe and Mn oxides, these vessels display different colours (from green to yellow/amber, sometimes with purple streaks). Colour changes can be induced by controlling the reduction-oxidation reactions that occur during glass production, which are influenced by the raw materials, furnace and melt atmosphere, and recycling. To evaluate these parameters, reference glasses were prepared, following the composition of Late Antique archaeological glass recovered from Tintagel (UK) and Whithorn (UK). A corpus of archaeological and experimental glass samples was analysed using bulk Fe and Mn K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, micro-XANES and micro x-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) at beamline ID21, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Fe and Mn XANES spectra of the archaeological glass indicate that Fe and Mn are in a similar oxidation state in all the yellow samples, predominantly Fe3+ and Mn2+. No detectable difference in Mn and Fe oxidation state occurs in the purple streaks compared to the yellow glass bulk but μ-XRF maps of the distribution of Fe and Mn show that Mn is more concentrated in the purple streaks. This indicates that the purple colour of the streaks is mainly due to a higher Mn/Fe ratio and persistence of more oxidised manganese in the purple areas, even though it is difficult to detect. Many archaeological fragments appear pale green in transmitted light but amber in reflected light. XANES studies detected the presence of surface layers where manganese is more oxidised. This layer is believed to scatter transmitted and reflected light differently and might be responsible for the optical features of the archaeological glass.
Characterizing planar SERS substrates: unraveling the link between physical characteristics and performance metrics
Authors: Feizpour Mehdi , Liu Qing , Van der Donck Tom , Thienpont Hugo , Meulebroeck Wendy , Ottevaere Heidi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful optical sensing technique used in various applications, including medicine, microbiology, and environmental analysis. Planar SERS substrates are of particular interest due to their ease of integration in lab-on-chips and better reproducibility compared to colloidal SERS. The performance of these SERS substrates is quantified using metrics such as enhancement factor, sensitivity, and reproducibility. However, there is yet to be a consensus on how to practically compare and interpret such metrics in publications and experiments. These performance metrics are strongly influenced by the nanostructures’ material, architecture, element sizes, as well as the circumstances surrounding the experiments. Understanding the effect of these characteristics on the SERS substrates’ performance could not only enable a better performance but also direct their development for different applications. Thus, we prepared a planar SERS-substrate characterization methodology to explore the correlation between the nanostructures’ physical characteristics and the performance metrics through coordinate-transformed spectroscopic measurements over structure-characterized areas. Seven commercial SERS substrates, with various surface architectures fabricated using different fabrication technologies, were studied using this benchmarking methodology. The results demonstrated how this methodology can indicate a SERS substrate’s suitability for a specific application, thus, guiding the substrate’s further adaptations or development.
Recent innovations in laser additive manufacturing of titanium alloys
Authors: Su Jinlong , Jiang Fulin , Teng Jie , Chen Lequn , Yan Ming , Requena Guillermo , Zhang Lai-Chang , Wang Y Morris , Okulov Ilya V , Zhu Hongmei , Tan Chaolin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Titanium (Ti) alloys are widely used in high-tech fields like aerospace and biomedical engineering. Laser additive manufacturing (LAM), as an innovative technology, is the key driver for the development of Ti alloys. Despite the significant advancements in LAM of Ti alloys, there remain challenges that need further research and development efforts. To recap the potential of LAM high-performance Ti alloy, this article systematically reviews LAM Ti alloys with up-to-date information on process, materials, and properties. Several feasible solutions to advance LAM Ti alloys are reviewed, including intelligent process parameters optimization, LAM process innovation with auxiliary fields and novel Ti alloys customization for LAM. The auxiliary energy fields (e.g. thermal, acoustic, mechanical deformation and magnetic fields) can affect the melt pool dynamics and solidification behaviour during LAM of Ti alloys, altering microstructures and mechanical performances. Different kinds of novel Ti alloys customized for LAM, like peritectic α-Ti, eutectoid (α + β)-Ti, hybrid (α + β)-Ti, isomorphous β-Ti and eutectic β-Ti alloys are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, machine learning in accelerating the LAM process optimization and new materials development is also outlooked. This review summarizes the material properties and performance envelops and benchmarks the research achievements in LAM of Ti alloys. In addition, the perspectives and further trends in LAM of Ti alloys are also highlighted.
A pathway to improve short channel effects of junctionless based FET’s after incorporating technology boosters: a review
Authors: Narula Vishal , Agarwal Mohit , Verma Shekhar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Short Channel Effects (SCE) are becoming more prominent in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) circuits with the introduction of nanoscale Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET). The short channel effects (SCE’s) and fabrication challenges have provoked the researchers to think of some other technologies to enhance the market of semiconductor devices. To overcome these SCE’s, various methodologies such as multi-gate structures, material engineering, gate engineering, dielectric pockets, strain technology, high K dielectric material, heterostructures, source and drain extensions etc have been implemented. However, at very short channel lengths, the sharp edges of doping are difficult to obtain and thus SCE’s have become so difficult to control even after the implementations of different methodologies. Therefore, a new type of technology has been introduced to overcome such pitfalls e.g. transistors without junctions. Junctionless field effect transistor (JLFET) is one of the technologies which has overcome various SCE’s. Although the research on various issues has been addressed by different authors, there is still an impediment to the commercialization of the same device. The different technology boosters have been incorporated into junctionless-based devices to escalate the performance. The technology-boosting aspect of junctionless FET has been reviewed in this paper which has not been considered yet. In this paper distinct technology boosters and numerous effects on junctionless devices have been studied and presented. The performance of the junctionless FET devices is studied by incorporating the different semiconductor materials, effect of strain, use of high k dielectric, use of dielectric pockets, effect of gate misalignment, use of heterostructures, silicon on nothing (SON), vertically stacked nanowires, newly proposed rectangular core–shell based junctionless FET’s and roles of various physical parameters such as temperature, nanowire widths and effect of scattering mechanism on the performance of JLFET have been addressed.
Filtering higher-order datasets
Authors: Landry Nicholas W , Amburg Ilya , Shi Mirah , Aksoy Sinan G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many complex systems often contain interactions between more than two nodes, known as higher-order interactions, which can change the structure of these systems in significant ways. Researchers often assume that all interactions paint a consistent picture of a higher-order dataset’s structure. In contrast, the connection patterns of individuals or entities in empirical systems are often stratified by interaction size. Ignoring this fact can aggregate connection patterns that exist only at certain scales of interaction. To isolate these scale-dependent patterns, we present an approach for analyzing higher-order datasets by filtering interactions by their size. We apply this framework to several empirical datasets from three domains to demonstrate that data practitioners can gain valuable information from this approach.