bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Progesterone Levels in Post‐Partum Dairy Cows after Repeated Application of the Prostaglandin F2α Analogue D (+) Cloprostenol Sodium
Authors: Tenhagen B.‐A. , Birkelbach E. , Heuwieser W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryReproductive management programmes based on strategic use of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) to induce and synchronize oestrus in post‐partum dairy cows are widespread. Repeated shortening of the oestrous cycle during early lactation in high‐yielding dairy cows, however, could impair corpus luteum function and thus decrease fertility. The objective of this study was to analyse the effect of repeated treatments with the prostaglandin F2α analogue D (+) cloprostenol sodium on progesterone concentrations indicative of a functional corpus luteum in post‐partum dairy cows. Furthermore, the influence of milk production, parity and endometritis on progesterone concentrations under these circumstances were studied. Eighty‐four cows of a commercial dairy operation were treated three to four times with D (+) cloprostenol sodium (Preloban® Hoechst Roussel Vet, Wiesbaden, Germany) at 14‐day intervals, starting 22–28 days post‐partum. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment 1 (sample 1) and 14 days after treatments 1, 2 and 3 (samples 2–4) and serum progesterone (P4) levels were determined. The percentage of cows with P4 levels < 1 ng/ml decreased from 51 % in sample 1 to 23 % in samples 3 and 4. More primiparous cows had low P4 levels 14 days after the second treatment than older cows (P < 0.05). Cows with low progesterone levels in sample 3 or 4 had lower protein contents in milk on the second milk test day post‐partum and in their cumulative milk yield of the first 100 days of lactation. Clinical endometritis at post‐partum examination did not influence progesterone levels after treatment with PGF2α. Repeated application of PGF2α (more than twice) in the post‐partum period does not influence serum progesterone levels 14 days after treatment. Failure to develop luteal tissue after treatment contributed to the conception failures after first service.
Frequency of Traumatic Cow Injuries in Relation to Housing Systems in Swiss Organic Dairy Herds
Authors: Busato A. , Trachsel P. , Blum J. W. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryA study was performed to estimate the extent of cow injuries as an indicator of animal welfare in organic dairy farms in Switzerland. The study was conducted during the winter feeding period of 1997/98 and was part of a larger project on animal health, nutrition and production in certified organic dairy herds in Switzerland. Potential predictors of injuries related to animal housing were quantified and relations between occurrence of injuries and nutritional status and production were evaluated. The investigation was designed as a cross‐sectional study and included a representative sample of 152 farms and 1856 cows. Every farm was visited once and each cow was scored for claw‐, skin‐ and joint‐lesions and body condition. Statistical analyses were performed appropriate for a stratified and one‐stage cluster sample weighted for the entire population of organic dairy farms in Switzerland. Possible individual and environmental predictors of cow injuries were analysed using multinomial logit models for ordinal outcomes. The overall frequencies of injuries were 10.4 % for joint lesions, 12.8 % for soft‐tissue injuries and 3.6 % for claw lesions. Most joint injuries (84.9 %) were observed at the hock joint, 9.4 % at the carpus and 3.1 % at the knee joint. The analysis of the association between frequency of injuries and potential predictors revealed heterogeneous results and the risk profiles were different between the categories of injuries measured in the study. These observations support the assumption that variations in type and severity of injuries are due to specific differences of animal management, housing design and due to different characteristics of individual cows.
The Effectiveness of the Haemodialysate Solcoseryl® for Second‐Intention Wound Healing in Horses and Ponies
Authors: Wilmink J. M. , Stolk P. W. Th. , Van Weeren P. R. , Barneveld A. 
Published: March 2003

SummarySecond‐intention healing of limb wounds in horses is often problematic. Solcoseryl® is a protein‐free, standardized dialysate/ultrafiltrate (HD) derived from calf blood, which has been shown to improve healing in both animals and humans. The efficacy of HD in the healing of deep wounds in horses and ponies was investigated. Deep wounds of 20 by 35 mm were created on both metatarsi (skin, subcutis, periosteum) and on both femoral biceps muscles (skin, subcutis, muscle) of five horses and five ponies. The wounds on one side were treated with HD, four times a week during the period that the wounds were bandaged and once daily thereafter. The wounds on the other side were left untreated. In the first 4 weeks of the healing period HD stimulated healing but inhibited healing thereafter. This pattern was significant for all wound groups (P < 0.001). Because of this change in effect, the overall effect on wound healing over the entire period was not significant (P = 0.77). HD stimulated healing initially by provoking a greater initial inflammatory response, faster contraction and faster formation of granulation tissue. Subsequently, HD inhibited healing because it significantly delayed epithelialization and caused protracted inflammation. The effects of HD were most pronounced in the horses. Because this study distinguished between contraction and epithelialization, it could be shown that HD stimulated contraction but inhibited epithelialization. Therefore, HD is useful in horses for the treatment of deep wounds during the initial phase of healing by second intention, i.e. during the first weeks when wound contraction can be expected. Treatment should be ceased when epithelialization becomes predominant.
Clinical Experiences of Treating Septic Arthritis in the Equine by Repeated Joint Lavage: a Series of 39 Cases
Authors: Meijer M. C. , Van Weeren P. R. , Rijkenhuizen A. B. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe condition of septic arthritis was treated in 12 foals with 21 affected joints (Group I) and in 27 adult horses. The adult horses were divided into three groups, based on aetiology of the condition: haematogenous (Group II,n= 6), iatrogenic (Group III,n= 6), and perforating trauma (Group IV,n= 15). The treatment consisted of an initial systemic antibiotic that anticipated the microbial agents that were considered most likely per group, repeated through‐and‐through joint lavages every other day and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. The antibiotics were adjusted to the results of bacteriological culture and susceptibility tests. Joint lavages were continued until the white blood cell count dropped below 15 G/l and bacteriological culture was negative, after which a single dose of a short‐acting corticosteroid was administered intra‐articularly. Joint recovery rate in group I was 71 %. Patient recovery rate of the foals, however, was lower (42 %). Three foals were killed for reasons other than arthritis; one foal because of an arthritis‐related problem and three foals because of persistent arthritis. Overall joint recovery rate, equalling patient recovery rate, in the adult horses was 81 %. The expected predominance ofStreptococcusspp. in haematogenous arthritis in adult horses was not confirmed, indicating that in these cases also, an initial antibiotic treatment with a broad‐spectrum combination is preferable. It is concluded that with intensive treatment, the prognosis of septic arthritis in the adult horse can be classified as fair to even good. Results in the foals are not as good, but this seems to be more due to the specific problems surrounding the equine neonate than to unresponsiveness to the treatment.
Effect of Calcium Supplements to a Maize—Soya Diet on the Bioavailability of Minerals and Trace Elements and the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Growing Rats
Authors: Walter A. , Rimbach G. , Most E. , Pallauf J. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThirty‐five (five groups with seven animals each) male albino rats (initial average weight = 44 g) were fed phytate‐rich diets (analysed phytic acid concentration = 6.9 g/kg) based on maize and soy bean meal (5 g Ca, 3 g P, 1.2 g Mg, 23 mg Zn, 10 mg Pb, 5 mg Cd/kg diet). Experimental diets were supplemented with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g calcium from CaCO3 per kg. The supplementation of increasing amounts of calcium resulted in a dose‐dependent decrease in the apparent absorption of phosphorus. Furthermore, apparent zinc absorption and femur zinc concentration were moderately decreased due to the calcium supplementation. Kidney Cd concentration was significantly lower in rats that were fed the high calcium diets in comparison with the control animals. Femur lead concentration and hepatic δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, which are known to be sensitive parameters of lead accumulation remained unchanged by the different dietary treatments. Magnesium absorption as well as liver and plasma zinc concentration and activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase were also unaffected. Although calcium supplementation may lead to a decrease in the accumulation of certain heavy metals such as cadmium, the carry‐over of lead was not affected under the given experimental conditions. Furthermore, calcium—phytate—zinc interactions may adversely affect zinc bioavailability in growing rats.
Retrospective Study of Serum Glucose Concentration in Cattle with Mucosal Disease
Authors: Lorenz I. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe clinical and laboratory findings concerning 154 cattle aged 10 weeks to 6 years with mucosal disease were evaluated retrospectively. Upon arrival at the clinic, 86 % of the animals had a serum glucose concentration above 4.4 mmol/l. A distinct hyperglycaemia with more than 10 mmol/l was present in 30 % of the animals. Significant associations were found between serum glucose level and the degree of dehydration as well as the albumin concentration in the serum. Negative correlation was found between serum glucose and serum sodium levels. In older animals higher glucose levels were found on average. As in humans, stress reactions, for example, due to dehydration, in addition to diabetes mellitus, probably cause hyperglycaemia in cattle suffering from mucosal disease.
Serum Fluoride Concentrations, Biochemical and Histopathological Changes Associated with Prolonged Sevoflurane Anaesthesia in Horses*
Authors: DRIESSEN B. , ZARUCCO L. , STEFFEY E. P. , MCCULLOUGH C. , DEL PIERO F. , MELTON L. , PUSCHNER B. , STOVER S. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe volatile anaesthetic sevoflurane is degraded to fluoride (F−) and a vinyl ether (Compound A), which have the potential to harm kidney and liver. Whether renal and hepatic injuries can occur in horses is unknown. Cardiopulmonary, biochemical and histopathological changes were studied in six healthy thoroughbred horses undergoing 18 h of low‐flow sevoflurane anaesthesia. Serum F−concentrations were measured and clinical laboratory tests performed to assess hepatic and renal function before and during anaesthesia. Necropsy specimens of kidney and liver were harvested for microscopic examination and compared to pre‐experimental needle biopsies. Cardiopulmonary parameters were maintained at clinically acceptable levels throughout anaesthesia. Immediately after initiation of sevoflurane inhalation, serum F−levels began to rise, reaching an ongoing 38–45 μmol l−1plateau at 8 h of anaesthesia. Serum biochemical analysis revealed only mild increases in glucose and creatinine kinase and a decrease in total calcium. Beyond 10 h of anaesthesia mild, time‐related changes in urine included increased volume, glucosuria and enzymuria. Histological examination revealed mild microscopic changes in the kidney involving mainly the distal tubule, but no remarkable alterations in liver tissue. These results indicate that horses can be maintained in a systemically healthy state during unusually prolonged sevoflurane anaesthesia with minimal risk of hepatocellular damage from this anaesthetic. Furthermore, changes in renal function and morphology observed after sevoflurane inhalation are judged minimal and appear to be clinically irrelevant; they may be the result of anaesthetic duration, physiological stressors, sevoflurane (or its degradation products) or other unknown factors associated with these animals and study conditions.
Serological Survey of Viral Antibodies in Llamas (Lama glama) in Argentina
Authors: Puntel M. , Fondevila N. A. , Viera J. Blanco , O’Donnell V. K. , Marcovecchio J. F. , Carrillo B. J. , Schudel A. A. 
Published: March 2003

This study analysed sera from 390 llamas (Lama glama) from nine farms located in three different Argentine provinces: Buenos Aires, Cordoba and Jujuy. The samples were tested for antibodies against 8 virus known to infect cattle: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV‐1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV III), bovine enterovirus (BEV), bovine rotavirus (BRV), bluetongue virus (BTV), bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), and foot‐and‐mouth virus (FMDV) by conventional methods such as seroneutralization, immunoperoxidase staining, and agar gel immunodiffusion.The antibody prevalences detected in llamas were: BHV‐1 in 0.77 % (3/390), BVDV in 2.05 % (8/390), BAdV III in 5.13 % (20/390), BEV in 4.10 % (16/390), BRV in 87.69 % (342/390). No antibodies against BTV, BLV and VIAA (FMDV infection associated antigen) were detected.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV): Kinetics of Infection in Lymphatic Organs and Lung
Authors: Beyer J. , Fichtner D. , Schirrmeir H. , Polster U. , Weiland E. , Wege H. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryPigs were infected by the oronasal route with European isolates of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV; I10 and Cobbelsdorf). The kinetics of infection in lymphatic organs and the lung were analysed by immunofluorescence detection of virus antigen, re‐isolation of the virus and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for PRRSV‐specific RNA. The kinetics of PRRSV infection proceeded in three phases, irrespective of the varying infestation of lymphatic organs within the first days post‐infection (p.i.). First, an early acute infection of lymphatic organs developed within the first week and was characterized by a high number of antigen‐positive macrophages. Second, a delayed acute infection of the lung was observed, which was most pronounced during the second and third week p.i. when a high number of infected alveolar macrophages was observed. The acute infection of lymphatic organs had resolved at this time. Infected cells in the lung were predominantly located in pneumonic lesions. Third, a persistent infection was demonstrated by RT‐PCR and immunohistology when the experiments were terminated at day 49 p.i. The virus persisted in lymphatic organs, especially in the tonsils, and in the lung. At this stage, indications for a re‐occurrence of acute infection were observed in restricted areas of the lung.
Abscess Disease, Caseous Lymphadenitis, and Pulmonary Adenomatosis in Imported Sheep
Authors: Møller K. , Agerholm J. S. , Ahrens P. , Jensen N. E. , Nielsen T. K. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe occurrence of abscess disease, caseous lymphadenitis, and pulmonary adenomatosis in sheep in Denmark is reported for the first time. Subcutaneous abscesses were observed in imported 4‐ to 5‐month‐old lambs of the Lacaune breed 10 days after arrival in Denmark. Abscesses were mostly located in the head, neck and shoulder regions close to the regional lymph nodes. Bacteriological examinations revealed growth of Staphylococcus aureus ssp. anaerobius in all animals with subcutaneously located abscesses containing a viscous white‐yellow odourless mass. In addition, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was isolated from abscesses in one animal and lesions consistent with pulmonary adenomatosis were found in four animals.
Some In Vitro Invasion Inhibition of Red Cells by In Vivo Non‐protective Anti‐LDH Antibodies of Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Kumar S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn Plasmodium berghei, sephadex G‐200 purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) fraction immunized mice did not exhibit protection when challenged with 1 × 106P. berghei‐parasitized erythrocytes. However, LDH immunized mice seroconverted and showed an antibody titre of 1:2048 by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and 1:160 by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assays. Fluorescence was distributed evenly on P. berghei‐parasitized red cells showing no specific location of parasite LDH. Anti‐LDH antibodies supplemented in 19 h in vitro culture of P. berghei exhibited 9.2% invasion inhibition into the fresh red cells.
The In Vitro Secretion of Acetylcholinesterase by Adult Stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus: the Effects of Broad‐Spectrum Anthelmintics
Authors: Alonso‐Villalobos P. , Martinez‐Grueiro M. M. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryThe secretion of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by female and male Heligmosomoides polygyrus was studied in different in vitro culture media. AChE secretion was increased in the presence of fetal calf serum or bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the absence of crowding effects, specific AChE activity in excretion/secretion products was higher for male (2.41 ± 0.07 µmol min−1 l−1 mg−1) than for female (0.56 ± 0.04 µmol min−1 mg−1) worms but on a per nematode basis both sexes showed comparable rates of secretion. Acetylthiocholine iodide was the favoured substrate of the enzyme. When the nematodes were incubated in vitro with albendazole (ABZ), ricobendazole (RBZ), mebendazole (MBZ), levamisole (LVM), morantel (MRT) or ivermectin (IVM), at concentrations from 1 mM to 10 nM, in RPMI medium for 2 or 6 h and then transferred to a drug‐free medium (RPMI medium supplemented with 0.5 % BSA) for 24 h or continuously exposed to the drugs in supplement‐free medium (24 h), the concentration‐ and time‐dependent inhibitory effects on AChE secretion were observed. The continued exposure to the drugs for all incubation periods (with a single exception for LVM 1 mM) produced the highest levels of inhibition. Under these conditions, the concentrations inhibiting the secretion of AChE by 50 % (IC50) relative to drug‐free controls were estimated. The IC50 values ranged from 0.012 µM (IVM) to 2.96 µM (MRT). The potential of this bioassay for the selective primary evaluation of new compounds with broad‐spectrum anti‐nematodal activity is discussed.
Development of an ELISA system for Detection of Anti‐Anaplasma marginale Antibodies in cattle in Brazil
Authors: Braz C.J. , Ribeiro M.F.B. , Lima J.D. , Passos L.M.F. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAn ELISA test was developed for detecting antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in bovine sera. Four antigenic preparations were produced from infected red blood cells. Some aliquots of this preparation were stored at ‐70°C with 30% DMSO in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and others were lysed with 0.9% NH4Cl and stored at ‐ 20°C. Typical anaplasmal structures were seen by electron microscopy in the antigenic preparations containing the erythrocytes that had been stored with DMSO. The performance of the ELISA test was evaluated by testing 298 positive serum samples collected from immunized cattle, 39 negative serum samples collected from cattle imported from areas free of A. marginale and 50 samples collected from cattle naturally infected in the field. The test gave a specificity of 94.87% and a sensitivity of 100%.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Adult Gongylonema pulchrum (Nematoda: Spirurida)
Authors: Naem S. , Seifi H. , Simon G.T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryScanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface ultrastructure of adult worms of Gongylonema pulchrum. The anterior end in both sexes was covered by numerous cuticular platelets. There was a pair of lateral cervical papillae. The buccal opening was small and extended in the dorsoventral direction. Around the mouth a cuticular elevation enclosed the labia, and eight papillae were located laterodorsally and lateroventrally. Two large lateral amphids were seen. On the lateral sides of the female's tail, phasmidal apertures were observed. The caudal end of the male was asymmetrically alate and bore 10 pairs of papillae and two phasmidal apertures.
Development of a Differential Multiplex PCR Assay for Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4 as a Diagnostic Tool
Authors: Carvalho R. , Passos L. M. F. , Martins A. S. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryIn this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed for differentiation of strains and field isolates of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) and type 4 (EHV‐4). Specific oligonucleotide primers were combined to amplify the thymidine kinase (TK) gene region of EHV‐1 and EHV‐4, which would yield fragments of different lengths for each virus in the same amplification reaction. The specificity of the largest PCR amplicon for EHV‐4 was confirmed by restriction digestion with HindIII. The multiplex PCR proved to be a fast and sensitive method for typing EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 isolates and for detection and differentiation of both viruses in field samples in which infectious virus is no longer available. The sensitivity was improved by combining cycling optimization and visualization of PCR products in ethidium bromide and silver‐stained acrylamide gels.
Flow Cytometry for the Detection of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 with Latex Beads Sensitized with Specific Antibody
Authors: Kusunoki H. , Latiful Bari M. , Kita T. , Sugii S. , Uemura T. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryTo detect low concentrations of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 rapidly, flow cytometry (FCM) was carried out with specific IgG‐sensitized latex beads (IgG‐Lx). It was found that test samples for FCM can be prepared for much shorter periods by culturing E. coli O157 : H7 in trypto‐soya broth at 42°C and by treatment with 0.5 % formalin at 37°C. FCM with IgG‐Lx performed with E. coli O157 : H7 prepared by such a procedure revealed that the lowest number of E. coli O157 : H7 prepared in pure culture detected by FCM was 103/ml. Because similar findings have already been reported by FCM with immunomagnetic beads, FCM with IgG‐Lx is also suggested to be a valuable technique to detect low numbers of E. coli O157 : H7 rapidly in food stuffs.
Entropion, Corneal Ulcer and Corneal Haemorrhages in a One‐Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Yeruham I. , Van Straten M. , Elad D. 
Published: March 2003

SummaryAn unusual case of entropion, corneal ulcer and corneal haemorrhages in a one‐humped camel (Camelus dromedaries) is described. The most prominent clinical findings were entropion of both eyelids, severe blephrospasm, epiphora, conjunctivitis, conjunctival oedema, mucopurulent conjunctival discharges, hyperaemia, lacrimation and photophobia. Corneal ulcers and corneal haemorrhages were also observed.