bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tongue pressure during swallowing is an independent risk factor for aspiration pneumonia in middle‐aged and older hospitalized patients: An observational study
Authors: Chen Yen‐Chin , Ku En‐Ni , Lin Che‐Wei , Tsai Pei‐Fang , Wang Jiun‐Ling , Yen Yu‐Fen , Ko Nai‐Ying , Ko Wen‐Chieh , Lee Nan‐Yao 
Published: December 2023

AimTo evaluate oral frailty features present in hospitalized older patients with aspiration pneumonia.MethodsWe enrolled hospitalized patients aged ≥50 years and classified them into three groups: the community‐acquired, aspiration, and non‐community‐acquired pneumonia groups. Oral frailty was defined as meeting three or more criteria from the following: choking, and decreased occlusal force, masticatory function, tongue–lip motor function, tongue pressure, and tongue pressure during swallowing.ResultsOf 168 patients enrolled, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia was 23.9% (17/71) in patients admitted with pneumonia as the primary diagnosis. The occlusal force and masticatory function were significantly poorer and tongue pressure and tongue pressure during swallowing were significantly lower in the aspiration pneumonia group than in the other two groups. A higher number of chronic comorbidities, poor oral health, and lower tongue pressure during swallowing were significantly associated with aspiration pneumonia. A tongue pressure during swallowing of <10.32 kPa might be a cutoff point for predicting the risk of aspiration pneumonia.ConclusionsHospitalized patients aged ≥50 years with multiple comorbidities, poor oral hygiene, and oral frailty during swallowing are at a higher risk of developing aspiration pneumonia, especially when their tongue pressure during swallowing is <10.32 kPa. Aspiration pneumonia is a preventable disease. Healthcare professionals should incorporate tongue pressure measurements or other screening tools into routine clinical practice to facilitate the early detection of this condition and intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 351–357.
Improving properties of platelet‐rich fibrin scaffold with tannic acid for wound healing
Authors: Haghparast‐Kenarsari Tahereh , Abdouss Majid , Heidari Keshel Saeed , Heshmatipour Zoheir , Rahimi Azam , Biazar Esmaeil 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), which is the rich source of growth factors, has been used as an efficient scaffold in tissue engineering and wound healing. In this study, tannic acid as a green cross‐linker with different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 5% and 10%) was used to improve the properties of PRF. The cross‐linked gel scaffolds were evaluated by analyses such as scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling and degradation, mechanical strength, cell toxicity, cell adhesion and antibacterial test. The results showed that the scaffold structure changes by increasing cross‐linker concentration. The swelling rate decreased from 49% to 5% for the samples without the cross‐linker and with tannic acid (10%), respectively. The degradation percentage for the cross‐linked samples was 8%, which showed a lower degradation rate than the non‐cross‐linked samples (63%). The mechanical strength of the scaffold with the cross‐linker increased up to three times (Young's modulus for the non‐cross linked and the cross‐linked samples: 0.01 and 0.6 MPa, respectively). Cytotoxicity was not observed up to 10% cross‐linker concentration. The cells proliferated well on the cross‐linked scaffolds and also showed a good antibacterial effect. In general, tannic acid can improve the physical and mechanical properties of PRF without negatively affecting its biological properties.
Assessing postoperative wound infection rates in ultrasound‐guided microwave ablation versus conventional surgery for varicose veins
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Lu Wei , Cheng Guobing , Hu Qiang , Jiang Buping , Liao Sheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractVaricose veins are the prevalent vascular disorder that has conventionally been managed via risky postoperative wound infections and conventional surgery. While ultrasound‐guided microwave ablation (UMA) has gained attention as a minimally invasive alternative, there is still a lack of research examining its comparative effectiveness. A prospective comparative investigation was undertaken in the Zhejiang region of China from January to November 2023, involving 140 patients who had received the diagnosis of primary varicose veins. An equal number of 70 patients underwent UMA and conventional surgery. Exclusion criteria for the study encompassed adult patients aged 18–65, with the exception of those who had undergone prior venous surgery, deep vein thrombosis or peripheral arterial disease. The demographical characteristics, procedural details and complication profiles of patients who developed postoperative wound infections within 30 days were analysed statistically. The outcomes demonstrated that postoperative wound infections were significantly diminished (5.7%) with UMA in comparison to conventional surgery (17.1%). In addition, the average duration of procedures and length of hospital stay for UMA patients were both reduced, although neither of these differences was found to be statistically significant (p > 0.05). Infection management, age and gender distribution of varicose veins were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between the severity of varicose veins and postoperative outcomes, as determined by the regression analysis (p < 0.05). Using UMA to treat varicose veins showed promise as an alternative to conventional surgery, specifically in minimizing the incidence of postoperative wound infections. Additional research and clinical consideration are needed regarding the potential transition toward minimally invasive techniques in treatment of varicose veins, as suggested by these results.
Gender‐based learning and behavioural differences in an educational social media platform
Authors: Theophilou Emily , Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Gómez Vicenç 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundGender differences in the use of educational environments and social media platforms have been a topic of interest in research. Several studies have examined the disparities between female and male participants in terms of participation, engagement, and motivations in either educational or social media platforms. On this end, this study proceeds to explore gender disparities in an innovative educational environment that sees the incorporation of an educational component within a simulated social media environment.ObjectivesDriven by a dual objective, this study aims to first investigate the impact of gender on skills development in an educational social media platform, and second, to explore the behavioural differences between female and male adolescents social interactions within the platform.MethodsThe study involved 142 high school students in Barcelona and utilised an ad‐hoc questionnaire to assess students' skills. To explore students' behaviour within the platform, actions such as likes, comments, publishing, visiting profiles, and viewing images, were recorded using the Experience API.Results and ConclusionsOur study's findings indicate that both female and male students benefited from the intervention implemented within the educational social media platform. Moreover, the results revealed distinct interaction patterns between female and male participants. These findings provide valuable insights into how adolescents of different genders interact within an educational social media platform. Additionally, the design principles outlined in this study can inform the development of future educational social media interventions that effectively engage the preferences of both genders.
Effectiveness and tolerance ofmulticorrectivetopical treatment for infraorbital dark circles and puffiness
Authors: Rajabi‐Estarabadi Ali , Hartman Corey L. , Iglesia Sofia , Kononov Tatiana , Zahr Alisar S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatment of infraorbital dark circles and under‐eye puffiness is challenging due to its multifactorial nature and lack of broadly applicable, effective treatments. A daily skincare treatment option that is multimodal, effective, and tolerable across a broad patient population is an unmet need.AimA multicorrective topical eye cream (MTEC) formulated with Tetrahexyldecyl (THD) ascorbate (vitamin C), prebioticInula Helenium, bioavailable peptides, botanical extracts, chrysin, and caffeine is hypothesized to improve the appearance of infraorbital dark circles and under‐eye puffiness by targeting microvasculature congestion and permeability, melanin accumulation and hemoglobin degradation‐related pigmentation, and skin health.MethodsAn IRB approved, open‐label, 12‐week clinical study set out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the MTEC across a broad patient population including varying ethnicities and Fitzpatrick Skin Types (FST). Female subjects (n = 40) ages 35–60 years old, with moderate‐to‐severe under‐eye dark circles, moderate under‐eye puffiness, and mild‐to‐moderate fine lines were enrolled into the study. Objective (Chromameter, VISIA® imaging, and Laser Doppler) and subjective assessments (clinical grading and self‐assessment questionnaire) were conducted at baseline and post‐baseline timepoints.ResultsThirty‐seven subjects completed the study, and the MTEC efficaciously demonstrated short‐term and long‐term improvements in objective and subjective assessments across a broad patient population. Specifically, the MTEC demonstrated significant improvement of infraorbital dark circles, mainly by the reduction in microvasculature congestion and permeability, melanin, and hemoglobin degradation‐related pigmentation.ConclusionTopical application of the MTEC may offer an effective and tolerable treatment option for infraorbital dark circles and puffiness.
Foreign Exchange Fixings and Returns around the Clock
Authors: KROHN INGOMAR , MUELLER PHILIPPE , WHELAN PAUL 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe U.S. dollar appreciates in the run‐up to foreign exchange (FX) fixes and depreciates thereafter, tracing a W‐shaped return pattern around the clock. Return reversals for the top nine traded currencies over a 21‐year period are pervasive and highly statistically significant, and they imply daily swings of more than one billion U.S. dollars based on spot volumes. Using natural experiments, we document the existence of a published reference rate determines the timing of intraday return reversals. We present evidence consistent with an inventory risk explanation whereby FX dealers intermediate unconditional demand for U.S. dollars at the fixes.
Seeking the identity of an enigmatic moss by embracing phylogenomics
Authors: Aguado‐Ramsay Pablo , Villaverde Tamara , Garilleti Ricardo , Burleigh J. Gordon , McDaniel Stuart F. , Flagmeier Maren , Nieuwkoop Jurgen , van der Pluijm Arno , Hans Florian , Lara Francisco , Draper Isabel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCurrently, a wide range of genomic techniques is available at a relatively affordable price. However, not all of them have been equally explored in bryophyte systematics. In the present study, we apply next‐generation sequencing to identify samples that cannot be assigned to a taxon by morphological analysis or by Sanger sequencing methods. These samples correspond to a moss with an enigmatic morphology that has been found throughout Western Europe over the last two decades. They exhibit several anomalies in the gametophyte and, on the rare occasions that they appear, also in the sporophyte. The most significant alterations are related to the shape of the leaves. Morphologically, all specimens correspond to mosses of the genus Lewinskya, and the least modified samples are potentially attributable to the Lewinskya affinis complex. Specimen identifications were first attempted using up to seven molecular markers with no satisfactory results. Thus, we employed data generated from targeted enrichment using the GoFlag 408 flagellate land plant probe set to elucidate their identity. Our results demonstrate that all the enigmatic samples correspond to a single species, L. affinis s.str. This approach provided the necessary resolution to confidently identify these challenging samples and may be a powerful tool for similar cases, especially in bryophytes.
A risk prediction model for hepatocellular carcinoma in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease without cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Gi‐Ae , Park Yewan , Oh Shin Ju , Jung Jooyi , Han Seungbong , Chang Hye‐Sook , Park Sung Won , Kim Tae Hyup , Park Hye Won , Choe Jaewon , Kim Jaeil , Lee Han Chu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCC risk in non‐cirrhotic NAFLD received little attention. We aimed to develop and validate an HCC risk prediction model for non‐cirrhotic NAFLD.MethodsA nationwide cohort of non‐cirrhotic NAFLD patients in Korea was recruited to develop a risk prediction model and validate it internally (n = 409 088). A model using a simplified point system was developed by Cox proportional hazard model. K‐fold cross‐validation assessed the accuracy, discrimination and calibration. The model was validated externally using a hospital cohort from Asan Medical Center (n = 8721).ResultsAn 11‐point HCC risk prediction model for non‐cirrhotic NAFLD was developed using six independent factors of age, sex, diabetes, obesity, serum alanine aminotransferase level and gamma‐glutamyl transferase level (c‐index 0.75). The average area under receiver operating curves (AUROCs) of the model was 0.72 at 5 years and 0.75 at 10 years. In the external validation cohort, the AUROCs were 0.79 [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.95] at 5 years and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73–0.94) at 10 years. The calibration plots showed the expected risks corresponded well with the observed risks. Risk stratification categorized patients into the low (score 0–6), moderate (7, 8) and high (9–11; estimated incidence rate >0.2%/year) risk groups.ConclusionsA novel HCC risk prediction model for non‐cirrhotic NAFLD patients was developed and validated with fair performance. The model is expected to serve as a simple and reliable tool to assess HCC risk and assist precision screening of HCC.
Inverse analysis of deformation moduli for high arch dams using the displacement reconstruction technique and multi‐objective optimization
Authors: Li Zefa , Wu Zhenyu , Chen Jiankang , Li Yanling , Huang Huibao , Lu Yu , Lu Xiang , Li Junru 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe inverse analysis of the deformation moduli of high arch dams based on displacement monitoring data is essential for structural safety assessment. In traditional inverse analysis methods, the deformation moduli are identified based on the single‐objective optimization and the hydrostatic component derived from the statistical model. This type of method has two main shortcomings: First, it treats the essential multi‐objective optimization problem as a single‐objective problem; second, the extracted hydrostatic component may be biased due to the multicollinearity of variables in the statistical model. This paper presents a methodology for the inverse analysis of the deformation moduli of high arch dams under a multi‐objective optimization strategy. The methodology employs empirical mode decomposition to extract the aging component from displacement monitoring data. Then, thermomechanical analysis is used to reconstruct the remaining hydrostatic and temperature components, thereby avoiding the biases encountered in solving the statistical model. The adaptive polynomial chaos expansion method is embedded in the NSGA‐III algorithm to establish and solve multi‐objective functions in the inverse analysis. Additionally, a composite decision index considering errors and test information is proposed to determine acceptable deformation moduli from the Pareto solution set. A high arch dam is selected to illustrate this methodology with static and dynamic monitoring data. The results show that the identified deformation moduli have errors of 3.8% and 7.2% in displacement and acceleration, respectively. The proposed methodology can yield deformation modulus values that are more consistent with the physical implications than those of the single‐objective optimization method.
Filipin complex‐reactive brain lesions: A cautionary tale
Authors: Lau Adeline A. , Trim Paul J. , King Barbara M. , Hassiotis Sofia , Hung Ya Hui , Bush Ashley I. , Snel Marten F. , Hemsley Kim M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveFilipin complex is an autooxidation‐prone fluorescent histochemical stain used in the diagnosis of Niemann‐Pick Disease Type C (NP‐C), a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. It is also widely used by researchers examining the distribution and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in cell and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases including NP‐C and Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA; MPS IIIA). Recently, it has been suggested to be useful in studying Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Given filipin's susceptibility to photobleaching, we sought to establish a quantitative biochemical method for free cholesterol measurement.MethodsBrain tissue from mice with MPS IIIA was stained with filipin. Total and free cholesterol in brain homogenates was measured using a commercially available kit and a quantitative LC–MS/MS assay was developed. Gangliosides GM1, GM2 and GM3 were also quantified using LC–MS/MS.ResultsAs anticipated, the MPS IIIA mouse brain displayed large numbers of filipin‐positive intra‐cytoplasmic inclusions, presumptively endo‐lysosomes. Challenging the prevailing dogma, however, we found no difference in the amount of free cholesterol in MPS IIIA mouse brain homogenates cf. control tissue, using either the fluorometric kit or LC–MS/MS assay. Filipin has previously been reported to bind to GM1 ganglioside, however, this lipid does not accumulate in MPS IIIA cells/tissues. Using a fluorometric assay, we demonstrate for the first time that filipin cross‐reacts with both GM2 and GM3 gangliosides, explaining the filipin‐reactive inclusions observed in MPS IIIA brain cells.ConclusionFilipin is not specific for free cholesterol, and positive staining in any setting should be interpreted with caution.
Acquired preferences for a novel food odor do not become stronger or stable after multiple generations of odor feeding in Bicyclus anynana butterfly larvae
Authors: Gowri V. , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany herbivorous insects have specific host–plant preferences, and it is unclear how these preferences evolved. Previously, we found that Bicyclus anynana larvae can learn to prefer novel food odors from eating leaves with those odors and transmit those learned preferences to the next generation. It is uncertain whether such acquired odor preferences can increase across generations of repeated odor feeding and be maintained even in the absence of odor. In this study, we fed larvae with novel banana odor‐coated leaves (odor‐fed larvae) for five consecutive generations, without selection on behavioral choices, and measured how larval innate preferences changed over time. Then, we removed the odor stimulus from a larval subgroup, while the other group continued to be odor‐fed. Our results show that larvae learned to prefer the novel odor within a generation of odor feeding and transmitted the learned preference to the next generation, as previously found. Odor‐fed larvae preferred odor significantly more compared to control larvae across five generations of repeated odor or control feeding. However, this led neither to increased odor preference, nor its stabilization. This suggests that when butterfly larvae feed on a new host, a preference for that novel food plant may develop and be transmitted to the next generation, but this preference lasts for a single generation and disappears once the odor stimulus is removed.
The Making of an Indigenous Community and the Limits of Community: Class Differentiation and Social Ties in Southern Chile☆
Authors: Córdova Carlos Bolomey 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis article seeks to challenge essentialist comprehensions of rural Indigenous communities through examining one particular Mapuche community who were the recipients of a land subsidy. Mapuche people are the largest Indigenous group in Chile. Since the 1990s, the Chilean government, responding to calls for social justice, has purchased land and relocated Mapuche people, mostly landless or almost landless smallholder Indigenous peasants, to areas where they could own land. This study draws on qualitative data gathered from one Mapuche community throughout 2020 and early 2021. It examines the process by which these Mapuche Indigenous people became landowners, and the meanings of this transition for the rural community and households in terms of class differentiation. To this end, the article reflects on key aspects of rural everyday life, such as access to land and machinery. Firstly, it pays attention to the story behind the creation of a new Indigenous community, through analyzing the engagement of its members with the institutional path that was created by the Chilean State as a means of addressing Indigenous land struggles. This, in turn, shows how Indigenous communities can also be made while highlighting the disruptions triggered within such communities when engaging with these public schemes. Secondly, the article reflects on how the members of this new Indigenous community regard certain means of production, especially a communal tractor that was acquired through a Chilean State subsidy. In this respect, it shows how agrarian class formation is associated with these rural households' perceptions regarding their co‐owned tractor. Through investigating shifting notions of rural Indigenous communities, it is concluded that dynamics of agrarian class differentiation led to community development, as well as demarking the contours of individual rural households within each community.