bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of unilateral and bilateral intrastriatal 6‐hydroxydopamine‐induced axon terminal lesions: Evidence for interhemispheric functional coupling of the two nigrostriatal pathways
Authors: Roedter Alexandra , Winkler Christian , Samii Madjid , Walter Gerhard F. , Brandis Almuth , Nikkhah Guido 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPartial lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine system can be induced reliably by the intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) and are considered to be analogous to the early stages of human Parkinson's disease. Previous studies have established a clear correlation between different doses and placements of the 6‐OHDA toxin and the degree of neurodegenerative changes and behavioral impairments. In the present study, the influence of the interdependence between the two nigrostriatal systems in both hemispheres on the effects on sensorimotor behavioral performances after terminal 6‐OHDA lesions was investigated. The behavioral effects were correlated to the extent of nigral dopamine neuron cell and striatal tyrosine‐hydroxylase (TH)‐positive fiber loss. Sprague‐Dawley rats receiving unilateral intrastriatal 6‐OHDA injections (4 × 5 μg) exhibited a 30–70% reduction in striatal TH‐positive fiber density along an anterior‐posterior gradient, an 80% loss of nigral dopamine neurons and a mild degree of behavioral impairments as revealed by amphetamine‐induced rotational asymmetry, and a reduced performance in the stepping and postural balance tests. When the same amount of toxin was injected twice into both hemispheres (2 × 4 × 5 μg), additional behavioral deficits were observed, consisting of a significant, but temporary, weight loss, a stable reduction in general locomotor activity and explorational behavior, and a long‐term deficit in skilled forelimb use. This is interesting in light of the morphological findings, in which uni‐ and bilaterally lesioned animals did not differ significantly in the extent of TH‐immunoreactive fiber and dopamine neuron loss within the nigrostriatal system in each lesioned hemisphere. These results indicate that the interdependent regulation of the two nigrostriatal systems may provide some compensatory support for the function and behavioral performance of the lesioned side via the normal unlesioned side, which is lost in animals with bilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal system. Therefore, this model of uni‐ and bilateral partial lesions of the nigrostriatal system, as characterized in the present study, may foster further exploration of compensatory functional mechanisms active in the early stages of Parkinson's disease and promote development of novel neuroprotective and restorative strategies. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:217–229, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odorants as cell‐type specific activators of a heat shock response in the rat olfactory mucosa
Authors: Carr Virginian McMillan , Menco Bert Ph.M. , Yankova Maya P. , Morimoto Richard I. , Farbman Albert I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeat shock, or stress, proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to conditions that cause protein denaturation. Activation of cellular stress responses as a protective and survival mechanism is often associated with chemical exposure. One interface between the body and the external environment and chemical or biological agents therein is the olfactory epithelium (OE). To determine whether environmental odorants affect OE HSP expression, rats were exposed to a variety of odorants added to the cage bedding. Odorant exposure led to transient, selective induction of HSP70, HSC70, HSP25, and ubiquitin immunoreactivities (IRs) in supporting cells and subepithelial Bowman's gland acinar cells, two OE non‐neuronal cell populations involved with inhalant biotransformation, detoxification, and maintenance of overall OE integrity. Responses exhibited odor specificity and dose dependency. HSP70 and HSC70 IRs occurred throughout the apical region of supporting cells; ubiquitin IR was confined to a supranuclear cone‐shaped region. Electron microscopic examination confirmed these observations and, additionally, revealed odor‐induced formation of dense vesicular arrays in the cone‐like regions. HSP25 IR occurred throughout the entire supporting cell cytoplasm. In contrast to classical stress responses, in which the entire array of stress proteins is induced, no increases in HSP40 and HSP90 IRs were observed. Extended exposure to higher odorant doses caused prolonged activation of the same HSP subset in the non‐neuronal cells and severe morphological damage in both supporting cells and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), suggesting that non‐neuronal cytoprotective stress response mechanisms had been overwhelmed and could no longer adequately maintain OE integrity. Significantly, ORNs showed no stress responses in any of our studies. These findings suggest a novel role for these HSPs in olfaction and, in turn, possible involvement in other normal neurophysiological processes. J. Comp. Neurol. 432:425–439, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal plasticity and formation of new synaptic contacts follow pyramidal lesions and neutralization of Nogo‐A: A light and electron microscopic study in the pontine nuclei of adult rats
Authors: Blöchlinger Stefan , Weinmann Oliver , Schwab Martin E. , Thallmair Michaela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRegeneration and compensatory sprouting are limited after lesions in the mature mammalian central nervous system in contrast to the developing central nervous system (CNS). After neutralization of the growth inhibitor Nogo‐A, however, massive sprouting and rearrangements of fiber connections occurred after unilateral pyramidal tract lesions in adult rats: Corticofugal fibers from the lesioned side crossed the midline of the brainstem and innervated the contralateral basilar pontine nuclei. To determine whether these newly sprouted fibers formed synaptic contacts, we analyzed the corticofugal fibers in the basilar pontine nuclei contralateral to the lesion by light and electron microscopy 2 weeks after pyramidotomy and treatment with the Nogo‐A‐inhibiting monoclonal antibody IN‐1 (mAb IN‐1). The mAb IN‐1, but not a control antibody, led to structural changes in the basilar pons ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion site. Fibers sprouted across the pontine midline and terminated topographically. They established asymmetric synaptic contacts with the characteristics of normal corticopontine terminals. These results show that adult CNS fibers are able to sprout and to form new synaptic contacts after a lesion when a growth‐permissive microenvironment is provided. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:426–436, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Eye stalks or no eye stalks: A structural comparison of pupal development in the stalk‐eyed fly cyrtodiopsis and in drosophila
Authors: Buschbeck Elke K. , Roosevelt Jessica L. , Hoy Ronald R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAfter emergence from the puparium, stalk‐eyed flies of the family Diopsidae rapidly expand their head capsule so that the eyes and optic lobes are displaced at the ends of stalks that extend from the central head. Because the expansion takes place in only 15 minutes, we are especially interested in ontogenetic modifications that may facilitate such a rapid and dramatic change. To examine the pupal development of the brain, we used Bodian staining in the stalk‐eyed fly, Cyrtodiopsis whitei and compared it with development in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, which serves as a “typical” dipteran example without eye stalks. Early in pupal development, the neuropil organization of the two species is fairly similar. In both species, columns are present in the outer medulla and giant fibers are discernible in the lobula plate. In contrast to D. melanogaster, C. whitei shows a small, neck‐like constriction between the optic lobes and the rest of the brain. By 20% of pupal development, the divergence is more apparent, and by 30%, the future eye stalk and optic nerve of C. whitei has started to form. During the remaining 70% of development, the initially thick optic nerve narrows, and becomes gradually elongated, eventually coiling and folding throughout the short eye stalk. Similarly, the cuticle of the surrounding region becomes constricted, slightly elongated, and gradually appears more and more densely corrugated, like an accordion bellows. However, except for the formation of the optic nerve, the dense aggregation of cuticle around it, and a shift in orientation of the neuropils, the developmental programs of the two species are remarkably similar. This suggests that only a few aspects of development have been modified during the course of evolution to generate the stalk‐eyed phenotype. At eclosion, the imago of C. whitei goes through a pumping process to inflate the eye stalks to their full length. Measurements of the diameter of the optic nerve before and after the expansion reveal only a small decrease. We propose that the cuticular folding of the eye stalk as well as the coiling of the optic nerve prepare the pupa well for the rapid and dramatic eye‐stalk inflation after eclosion. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:486–498, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of sensory and sympathetic innervation of the dura mater and posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine after removal of the stellate ganglion
Authors: Yamada Hitoshi , Honda Takashi , Yaginuma Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Shinichi , Sugiura Yasuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough cervical spinal tissues are rich in sensory and sympathetic fibers, which play a significant role in clinical phenomena, there is little information available regarding their anatomical characteristics. In this study, we compared the innervation of the cervical dura mater and the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) to that after removal of the stellate ganglion to determine whether the anatomical background plays a significant role in clinical manifestations. Immunoreactivities for calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were used as sensory markers, and immunoreactivity for neuropeptide Y (NPY) was used as a sympathetic marker. Sensory fibers in the cervical dura mater were distributed within each cervical segment, but those in the PLL extended beyond the segmental borders. A dense sensory fiber network forming a single layer was seen at the intervertebral disc region in the cervical PLL, whereas sympathetic fibers in this region were sparsely distributed. Sympathetic fibers were distributed not only around the vascular wall but also in the region independent from vessels, and some occasionally ran together with sensory fibers in both the dura mater and the PLL. Removal of the stellate ganglion had little effect on the distribution of sensory fibers but denervated the sympathetic fiber networks in the region independent from vessels of the upper ipsilateral cervical PLL. In conclusion, the cervical dura mater and the PLL have different sensory and sympathetic innervations. Sympathetic fibers pass through the stellate ganglion to project to the region independent from vessels in the upper cervical PLL. Clinical symptoms may be attributed to this characteristic innervation of the cervical spine. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:86–100, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early efferent innervation of the zebrafish lateral line
Authors: Bricaud Olivier , Chaar Vicky , Dambly‐Chaudière Christine , Ghysen Alain 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examined the efferent innervation of the lateral line in zebrafish larvae. Three efferent nuclei were previously reported for the posterior line, two in the hindbrain and one in the ventral hypothalamus. Here we show that the same three nuclei innervate the anterior line as well. The rhombencephalic neurons innervate either the anterior or the posterior line. The diencephalic neurons seem to innervate both lines as well as the ear. The diencephalic efferents are labeled by anti‐tyrosine hydroxylase antibodies and probably use dopamine as a transmitter. They are among the very first catecholaminergic neurons to differentiate in the brain and extend branches into the lateral line system almost as soon as the latter forms. We discuss possible functions of the rhombencephalic and diencephalic efferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:253–261, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synaptic patterns of thalamocortical afferents in mouse barrels at postnatal day 11
Authors: Lev Dmitri L. , Weinfeld Elizabeth , White Edward L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on the synaptic output patterns of thalamocortical axons in mouse barrel cortex at postnatal day (P) 11. Axons were labeled by biotinylated dextran amine transported anterogradely following injection in vivo into the ventrobasal thalamus. Labeled axons in the posteromedial barrel subfield were examined by light and electron microscopy and then reconstructed in three dimensions to assess the spatial distribution of their synapses. Thalamocortical axons form asymmetrical synapses, both at varicosities and along cylindrical portions of the axons; usually, only one synapse occurs per site, contrasting with the case in the adult, in which multiple synapses are typical. At P11, varicosities without synapses are common. As in adult barrels, approximately 80% of synapses formed by thalamocortical axons are with dendritic spines; 20% are with dendritic shafts. The similarity in the distribution of thalamocortical synapses onto spines vs. dendrites in developing and mature barrels indicates that adult synaptic patterns already are specified at a very early stage of thalamocortical synaptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 442:63–77, 2002. ©2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enkephalinergic control of the secretory activity of neurons producing stereoisomers of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the eyestalk of the crayfish Orconectes limosus
Authors: Ollivaux Céline , Dircksen Heinrich , Toullec Jean‐Yves , Soyez Daniel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA subgroup of neurons in the classical X‐organ‐sinus gland neuroendocrine system of the crayfish (Orconectes limosus) eyestalk produces two chiral forms of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in two different types of neurons: CHH in ∼22 cells and D‐Phe3 CHH in eight cells. Previous reports have demonstrated that release of CHH from the sinus gland is inhibited by enkephalins. Here, we have addressed the questions of 1) whether this inhibition affects one or both types of CHH neurons, 2) where the site of enkephalinergic control of CHH and/or D‐Phe3 CHH is, and 3) whether the inhibitory effect is due to direct or indirect interactions of enkephalinergic neurons with CHH cells. In vitro incubations of neurosecretory complexes followed by immunoassays of CHH isoforms indicated that both methionine‐ and leucine‐enkephalins inhibit release of the two CHH isoforms from crayfish eyestalks, by a receptor‐mediated process. Whole‐mount double‐ or triple‐immunofluorescence labelings combined with confocal microscopy revealed enkephalin immunostaining in all neuropils of the eyestalk, except in the sinus gland. Virtual thin confocal sections showed many close appositions between terminals of enkephalinergic neurons and dendritic arborizations of specific CHH‐immunoreactive cells in the medulla terminalis neuropil. This provides the first evidence for direct inputs from enkephalinergic neurons into dendrites of both CHH cell types, which suggests that enkephalins inhibit release of both CHH isoforms via synaptic contacts. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:1–9, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of three second‐order accurate reconstruction schemes for 2D Euler and Navier–Stokes compressible flows on unstructured grids
Authors: Marques N. P. C. , Pereira J. C. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports an intercomparison of three second‐order accurate reconstruction schemes to predict 2D steady‐state compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes flows on unstructured meshes. The schemes comprise one monotone slope limiter (Barth and Jespersen, A1AA Paper 89‐0366, 1989) and two approximately monotone methods: the slope limiter due to Venkatakrishnan and a data‐dependent weighting least‐squares procedure (Gooch, Journal of Computational Physics, 1997; 133:6–17). In addition to the 1D scalar wave problem, comparisons were performed under two inviscid test cases: a supersonic 10° ramp and a supersonic bump; and two viscous laminar compressible flow cases: the Blasius boundary layer and a double‐throated nozzle. The data‐dependent oscillatory behaviour is found to be dependent on a user‐supplied constant. The three schemes are compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. The results show that the data‐dependent procedure always returns a numerical steady‐state solution, more accurate than the ones returned by the slope limiters. Its use for Navier–Stokes flow calculations is recommended. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the discretization of problems involving periodic planar tilings
Authors: Bénard André , Diaz Alejandro R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFeatures related to the discretization of problems characterized by simple periodic tilings using cells of various shapes are discussed. Various cell geometries that tile the plane periodically are considered. Equivalent problems are identified, where the discretization can take place on a parallelogram, regardless of the shape of the original cell. These equivalent problems also suggest a numbering of the equations that results in matrices with interesting and useful properties. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of transient free surface flow with moving contact lines
Authors: Powell C. A. , Savage M. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA Lagrangian finite element algorithm is described for solving two‐dimensional, time‐dependent free surface flows, in which moving contact lines are simulated by allowing local slip and the use of a ‘Tanner Law’. The method is implemented using structured meshes, which are locally refined in the contact line regions, and periodic remeshing to control element distortion. The benchmark problem of capillary motion between parallel horizontal plates is solved to illustrate the accuracy of the method and its applicability to flows of engineering relevance. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of evolutionary sequential systems—part 2: genetic simulation experiments
Authors: Baron Claude , Geffroy Jean‐Claude , Zamilpa César 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a preceding paper we have presented a unified view of the identification methods dedicated to adaptive sequential systems. In this paper, we develop the resolution technique based on genetic simulation. We analyse the various parameters of such an approach, then, we propose a tool intended to demonstrate the interest of this new approach, and finally we present some differential identification experiments conducted with this tool. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive data refinement in the spectral stochastic finite element method
Authors: Ghanem R. , Pellissetti M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne version of the stochastic finite element method involves representing the solution with respect to a basis in the space of random variables and evaluating the co‐ordinates of the solution with respect to this basis by relying on Hilbert space projections. The approach results in an explicit dependence of the solution on certain statistics of the data. The error in evaluating these statistics, which is directly related to the amount of available data, can be propagated into errors in computing probabilistic measures of the solution. This provides the possibility of controlling the approximation error, due to limitations in the data, in probabilistic statements regarding the performance of the system under consideration. In addition to this error associated with data resolution, is added the more traditional error, associated with mesh resolution. This latter also contributes to polluting the estimated probabilities associated with the problem. The present paper will develop the above concepts and indicate how they can be coupled in order to yield a more meaningful and useful measure of approximation error in a given problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite and infinite elements for a simple problem in quantum mechanics
Authors: Bettess Peter , Abram Richard A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFinite element and infinite element models are used to predict the behaviour of a simple example problem in quantum mechanics, that of a linear harmonic oscillator. It is shown that good agreement with the analytical solution is obtained and that the infinite elements give a significant improvement in accuracy at virtually no cost. It is concluded that finite and infinite elements models are a promising method for quantum mechanics problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Quantization Property for Moving Line Vortices
Authors: Lin Fang‐Hua , Rivière Tristan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe prove that if the energy of a time‐evolving three‐dimensional Ginzburg‐Landau configuration is small enough on a given parabolic ball, then no line vortex passes through the ball of half‐radius. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Algorithmic support for model transformation in object‐oriented software development
Authors: Schönberger Siegfried , Keller Rudolf K. , Khriss Ismail 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCurrent methods for object‐oriented software development provide notation for the specification of models, yet do not sufficiently relate the different model types to each other, nor do they provide support for transformations from one model type to another. This makes transformations a manual activity, which increases the risk of inconsistencies among models and may lead to a loss of information. We have developed and implemented an algorithm supporting one of the transitions from analysis to design, the transformation of scenario models into behavior models. This algorithm supports the Unified Modelling Language (UML), mapping the UML's collaboration diagrams into state transition diagrams. We believe that CASE tools implementing such algorithms will be highly beneficial in object‐oriented software development. In this paper, we provide an overview of our algorithm and discuss all its major steps. The algorithm is detailed in semi‐formal English and illustrated with a number of examples. Furthermore, the algorithm is assessed from different perspectives, such as scope and role in the overall development process, issues in the design of the algorithm, complexity, implementation and experimentation, and related work. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does expressed emotion predict behaviour therapy outcome at follow‐up for obsessive‐compulsive disorder and agoraphobia?
Authors: Steketee Gail , Chambless Dianne L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe relationship of expressed emotion (EE) to outcome of behaviour therapy at 1‐year follow‐up was examined in a sample of patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA). Included were 54 subjects who were reliably changed after outpatient treatment via in vivo exposure (plus response prevention for OCD). Perhaps because few clients relapsed (11%), EE variables assessed by the Camberwell Family Interview and perceived criticism ratings, although successful in predicting drop‐out and posttest outcome in this sample, were not significantly related to regression during the follow‐up period. The sole exception, critical comments from the CFI, predicted worsened social adjustment at follow‐up, but only for PDA patients. The experience of stressful life events did not interact with EE variables to predict outcome. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.