bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index is weakly associated with, and not a helpful predictor of, disease progression in men with clinically localized prostate carcinoma treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Mallah Kozhaya N. , DiBlasio Christopher J. , Rhee Audrey C. , Scardino Peter T. , Kattan Michael W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have recently suggested an association between body mass index (BMI) and disease progression after radical prostatectomy. In the current study, the authors examined this association and that between the reciprocal of BMI (INVBMI, 1/BMI) and progression‐free probability in men treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) for clinically localized prostate carcinoma.METHODSThe authors retrospectively studied 2210 patients who underwent RRP at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center between September 1986 and May 2003. Clinicopathologic variables analyzed included BMI (kg/m2), preoperative serum prostate‐specific antigen level (ng/mL), clinical T classification, year of surgery, race, biopsy‐derived primary and secondary Gleason grades, and INVBMI, known to better correlate with percent body fat than BMI. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the possible association between BMI or its reciprocal with disease progression after controlling for the effects of common prognostic factors. The areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for models with and without INVBMI were calculatedRESULTSOf the 2210 patients analyzed, 251 experienced disease progression in a median follow‐up time of 25.9 months (range, 0–143 months). After adjusting for all clinical variables, both BMI (P = 0.071; hazards ratio [HR] = 1.027) and INVBMI (P = 0.041; HR < 0.001) were associated with disease progression. However, the areas under AUC for models with and without INVBMI were similar (range, 0.794–0.798).CONCLUSIONSAlthough conflicting evidence has been reported regarding the link between obesity and an increased risk of developing prostate carcinoma, as well as an increased risk of developing aggressive disease and prostate carcinoma‐related mortality, the authors found weak associations with disease progression for both BMI and INVBMI. These variables were of negligible prognostic value in men who received surgery. Studies with longer follow‐up, that examine alternative end points, and that follow treatment(s) besides surgery are needed. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy for portal vein thrombosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kim Dae Yong , Park Won , Lim Do Hoon , Lee Joon Hyoek , Yoo Byung Chul , Paik Seung Woon , Kho Kwang Cheol , Kim Tae Hyun , Ahn Yong Chan , Huh Seung Jae 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDPortal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication in patients with advanced‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The authors evaluated the impact of radiotherapy (RT) for PVT of HCC and analyzed the dose‐response relation between RT and PVT.METHODSBetween March 1995 and December 2003, 59 patients diagnosed as HCC with PVT were included. The inclusion criteria were unresectable tumor with thrombosis in the main or first branch of the portal vein, liver function of Child–Pugh Class A or B, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0–2. The median age of the patients was 57 years (range, 36–78 years). A daily dose ranging from 2 to 3 gray (Gy) was administered using 6 or 10‐megavolt (MV) X‐rays, at 5 fractions a week, to deliver a total dose range of 30–54 Gy, which was a biologic effective dose of 39–70.2 Gy10 with an α/β ratio of 10.RESULTSFollow‐up computed tomography scans showed a complete response (CR) in 4 of 59 patients (6.8%), a partial response (PR) in 23 patients (39.0%), no response (NR) in 28 patients (47.5%), and progressive disease (PD) in 4 patients (6.8%). The mean RT doses in the responders (CR and PR) and nonresponders (NR and PD) were 59.6 ± 5.6 Gy10 and 54.9 ± 8.5 Gy10, respectively (P = 0.036). The response rates in patients receiving < 58 Gy10 and ≥ 58 Gy10 were 20% and 54.6%, respectively (P = 0.034). The median survival duration and the 1‐year and 2‐year survival rates in the responders were 10.7 months, 40.7%, and 20.7%, respectively, and were 5.3 months, 25.0%, and 4.7%, respectively, in the nonresponders (P = 0.050).CONCLUSIONSRT induced a 45.8% objective response rate for PVT in patients with HCC. A dose‐response relation was found to exist between the RT dose and PVT response. These results suggested that RT may be a treatment option for PVT in patients with HCC and that an RT dose ≥ 58 Gy10 should be recommended. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
A national agenda for Latino cancer prevention and control
Authors: Ramirez Amelie G. , Gallion Kipling J. , Suarez Lucina , Giachello Aida L. , Marti Jose R. , Medrano Martha A. , Pérez‐Stable Eliseo J. , Talavera Gregory A. , Trapido Edward J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAlthough cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and premature death among Latinos, there is limited knowledge of cancer‐related issues and priorities of greatest significance to the Latino population, the largest minority group in the nation. This information is vital in helping to guide Latino cancer research, training, and awareness efforts at national, regional, and local levels. To help identify cancer issues of greatest relevance to Latinos, Redes En Acción, The National Hispanic/Latino Cancer Network, a major network among the National Cancer Institute's Special Populations Networks, conducted a survey of 624 key opinion leaders from around the country. Respondents were asked to rank the three cancer sites most important to Latinos in their region and the five issues of greatest significance for this population's cancer prevention and control. Recommendations were prioritized for three specific areas: 1) research, 2) training and/or professional education, and 3) awareness and/or public education. Among cancers, breast carcinoma was ranked number one, followed in order by cervical and lung carcinomas. The issues of greatest significance to Latinos were 1) access to cancer screening and care, 2) tobacco use, 3) patient–doctor communication, 4) nutrition, and 5) risk communication. This survey solicited information from scientists, health care professionals, leaders of government agencies, professional and community‐based organizations, and other stakeholders in Latino health. The results laid the foundation for a national Redes En Acción Latino cancer agenda, thus providing a useful tool for individuals and organizations engaged in cancer prevention and control efforts among the Hispanic–Latino population. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 by the American Cancer Society.
Full waveform seismic inversion using a distributed system of computers
Authors: Roy Indrajit G. , Sen Mrinal K. , Torres‐Verdin Carlos 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe aim of seismic waveform inversion is to estimate the elastic properties of the Earth's subsurface layers from recordings of seismic waveform data. This is usually accomplished by using constrained optimization often based on very simplistic assumptions. Full waveform inversion uses a more accurate wave propagation model but is extremely difficult to use for routine analysis and interpretation. This is because computational difficulties arise due to: (1) strong nonlinearity of the inverse problem; (2) extreme ill‐posedness; and (3) large dimensions of data and model spaces. We show that some of these difficulties can be overcome by using: (1) an improved forward problem solver and efficient technique to generate sensitivity matrix; (2) an iteration adaptive regularized truncated Gauss–Newton technique; (3) an efficient technique for matrix–matrix and matrix–vector multiplication; and (4) a parallel programming implementation with a distributed system of processors. We use a message‐passing interface in the parallel programming environment. We present inversion results for synthetic and field data, and a performance analysis of our parallel implementation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simulation and data analysis system for large‐scale, data‐driven oil reservoir simulation studies
Authors: Kurc Tahsin , Catalyurek Umit , Zhang Xi , Saltz Joel , Martino Ryan , Wheeler Mary , Peszyńska Małgorzata , Sussman Alan , Hansen Christian , Sen Mrinal , Seifoullaev Roustam , Stoffa Paul , Torres‐Verdin Carlos , Parashar Manish 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe main goal of oil reservoir management is to provide more efficient, cost‐effective and environmentally safer production of oil from reservoirs. Numerical simulations can aid in the design and implementation of optimal production strategies. However, traditional simulation‐based approaches to optimizing reservoir management are rapidly overwhelmed by data volume when large numbers of realizations are sought using detailed geologic descriptions. In this paper, we describe a software architecture to facilitate large‐scale simulation studies, involving ensembles of long‐running simulations and analysis of vast volumes of output data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enabling interactive and collaborative oil reservoir simulations on the Grid
Authors: Parashar Manish , Muralidhar Rajeev , Lee Wonsuck , Arnold Dorian , Dongarra Jack , Wheeler Mary 
Published: April 2005

AbstractGrid‐enabled infrastructures and problem‐solving environments can significantly increase the scale, cost‐effectiveness and utility of scientific simulations, enabling highly accurate simulations that provide in‐depth insight into complex phenomena. This paper presents a prototype of such an environment, i.e. an interactive and collaborative problem‐solving environment for the formulation, development, deployment and management of oil reservoir and environmental flow simulations in computational Grid environments. The project builds on three independent research efforts: (1) the IPARS oil reservoir and environmental flow simulation framework; (2) the NetSolve Grid engine; and (3) the Discover Grid‐based computational collaboratory. Its primary objective is to demonstrate the advantages of an integrated simulation infrastructure towards effectively supporting scientific investigation on the Grid, and to investigate the components and capabilities of such an infrastructure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐scale density‐driven flow simulations using parallel unstructured Grid adaptation and local multigrid methods
Authors: Lang Stefan , Wittum Gabriel 
Published: April 2005

AbstractAdvanced parallel applications based on the message‐passing paradigm are difficult to design and implement, especially when solution adaptive techniques are used and three‐dimensional problems on complex geometries are faced, which yield the use of unstructured Grids. We present the building blocks for a parallel‐adaptive scheme for the solution of time‐dependent and nonlinear partial differential equations. To minimize computational requirements, h‐adaptivity is introduced via parallel, local Grid adaptation. Novel techniques to avoid hanging nodes are introduced, these assure conforming meshes of hybrid element type in three space dimensions. As a core of the adaptive scheme, local multigrid methods are used to solve the arising linear systems rapidly in parallel. Dynamic Grid changes from h‐adaptivity lead to load imbalance during run time, therefore dynamic load balancing and migration is performed to exploit the aggregated performance of large processor sets efficiently. Real‐world calculations arising from density‐driven flow problems in porous media are performed using the presented parallel‐adaptive solution strategy. The computations are analyzed with regard to speedup. Timings of Grid adaptation, dynamic load balancing/migration and numerical solution scheme show that large‐scale runs on 512 processors gain an overall parallel, numerical speedup of up to 278. A further reduction of the element count by h‐adaptivity by a factor of up to 195 shows the enormous capabilities of the presented parallel‐adaptive multigrid based solution scheme. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A linear Vizing‐like relation relating the size and total domination number of a graph
Authors: Henning Michael A. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe prove that m ≤ Δ (n − γt) for every graph each component of which has order at least 3 of order n, size m, total domination number γt, and maximum degree Δ ≥ 3. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 285–290, 2005
The Erdős‐Sós Conjecture for trees of diameter four
Authors: McLennan Andrew 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe Erdős‐Sós Conjecture is that a finite graph G with average degree greater than k − 2 contains every tree with k vertices. Theorem 1 is a special case: every k‐vertex tree of diameter four can be embedded in G. A more technical result, Theorem 2, is obtained by extending the main ideas in the proof of Theorem 1. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 291–301, 2005
Characterizing subgraphs of Hamming graphs
Authors: Klavžar Sandi , Peterin Iztok 
Published: April 2005

AbstractCartesian products of complete graphs are known as Hamming graphs. Using embeddings into Cartesian products of quotient graphs we characterize subgraphs, induced subgraphs, and isometric subgraphs of Hamming graphs. For instance, a graph G is an induced subgraph of a Hamming graph if and only if there exists a labeling of E(G) fulfilling the following two conditions: (i) edges of a triangle receive the same label; (ii) for any vertices u and v at distance at least two, there exist two labels which both appear on any induced u, υ‐path. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 49: 302–312, 2005
Novel Acrylonitrile‐Based Copolymers Containing Phospholipid Moieties: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Huang Xiao‐Jun , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Wan Ling‐Shu , Wang Zhen‐Gang , Wang Jian‐Li 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: Novel acrylonitrile‐based copolymers containing phospholipid moieties were synthesized by a three‐step process, which included the copolymerization of acrylonitrile and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in water and the reaction of the resulting poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]s (PANCHEMA) with 2‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane (COP) followed by the ring‐opening reaction of COP with trimethylamine. The chemical structure of PANCHEMA and the phospholipid‐containing acrylonitrile‐based copolymers (PLCANCP) was analyzed with FT‐IR spectroscopy, 1H and 31P NMR, and XPS. Surface properties of the studied copolymers were evaluated by the pure water contact angle, protein adsorption and platelets adhesion measurements. The water contact angle measured by sessile drop method decreased for the polymers in the following sequence: PAN, PANCHEMA, and PLCANCP. The adsorption amount of bovine serum albumin and the adhesive number of platelet followed the same decline sequence. These results demonstrate that the biocompatibility of the acrylonitrile‐based copolymer membranes could be improved efficiently by the introduction of phospholipid moieties.
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Synthesis and Chemical Recycling of Novel Poly(ester‐urethane)s Using an Enzyme
Authors: Soeda Yasuyuki , Toshima Kazunobu , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: A series of enzymatically recyclable poly(ester‐urethane)s consisting of a biodegradable diurethane moiety as a hard segment and an ester moiety as an enzymatically cleavable linkage was chemo‐enzymatically prepared by two routes. The poly(ester‐urethane) was prepared by a) the ring‐opening polymerization of a cyclic ester‐urethane monomer synthesized via the transesterification reaction of biodegradable diurethanediol and dicarboxylate ester using lipase and b) the direct polycondensation of a diurethanediol and a dicarboxylate ester. A significantly higher molecular‐weight poly(ester‐urethane) having the highest molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm w}$) of 101 000 was produced by the ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic ester‐urethane monomer when compared with that produced by the polycondensation of the dicarboxylate ester with diurethanediol. The poly(ester‐urethane) was readily degraded by lipase into the corresponding cyclic oligomers; the oligomers were readily repolymerized by the ring‐opening polymerization using lipase for chemical recycling.
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The Properties of Covalently Immobilized Trypsin on Soap‐Free P(MMA‐EA‐AA) Latex Particles
Authors: Kang Kai , Kan Chengyou , Yeung Anthony , Liu Deshan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: The covalent immobilization of trypsin onto poly[(methyl methacrylate)‐co‐(ethyl acrylate)‐co‐(acrylic acid)] latex particles, produced by a soap‐free emulsion polymerization technique, was carried out using the carbodiimide method. The catalytic properties and kinetic parameters, as well as the stability of the immobilized enzyme were compared to those of the free enzyme. Results showed that the optimum temperature and pH for the immobilized trypsin in the hydrolysis of casein were 55 °C and 8.5, both of which were higher than that of the free form. It was found that Km (Michaelis constant) was 45.7 mg · ml−1 and Vmax (maximal reaction rate) was 793.0 μg · min−1 for immobilized trypsin, compared to a Km of 30.0 mg · ml−1 and a Vmax of 5 467.5 μg · min−1 for free trypsin. The immobilized trypsin exhibited much better thermal and chemical stabilities than its free counterpart and maintained over 63% of its initial activity after reusing ten times.TEM photograph of latex particles after trypsin immobilization.magnified imageTEM photograph of latex particles after trypsin immobilization.
Associative pH Sensitive System
Authors: Gosselet Noëlle Martine , Wintgens Véronique , Amiel Catherine 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: New associative pH sensitive systems composed of a modified dextran bearing 2‐carboxycyclohexyl carboxyl groups and neutral (pβCD) or positively charged (pβCDN+)β‐cyclodextrin‐co‐epichlorhydrin copolymers have been synthesized and their properties were investigated as a function of pH by phase diagrams and viscosimetry. The affinity between the CD cavities and the hydrophobic guests (2‐carboxycyclohexyl carboxyl groups) has been studied as a function of pH. The system with the neutral pβCD shows a pH dependant behavior due to the lowest affinity of the guest at pH above 5 for the cavity. Associative phase separation is produced at low pH whereas soluble complexes occur at higher pH. The opposite trend is observed with the system containing the cationic pβCDN+. This behavior is due to the combination of electrostatic and inclusion complex interactions in this system. Addition of salt, by screening the electrostatic interactions, also strongly influences the response of the system.Interaction of a pβCD‐DM mixture at pH 2.5 (left) and neutral pH (right).magnified imageInteraction of a pβCD‐DM mixture at pH 2.5 (left) and neutral pH (right).
Small‐Angle X‐Ray Scattering on Solutions of Carboxymethylcellulose and Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Pancera Sabrina M. , Itri Rosangela , Petri Denise F. S. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: The existence of attractive interaction between CMC and BSA was evidenced in solution at pH higher than the protein isoelectric point by means of SAXS. Mixtures of BSA at 10 × 10−3 g · mL−1 and CMC at the concentration range of 1 × 10−3 g · mL−1 to 10 × 10−3 g · mL−1 were investigated. Upturns in the very low q range revealed the presence of aggregates when the CMC concentration was higher than 2 × 10−3 g · mL−1. The comparison between the calculated form factor with the experimental curves at intermediate and long q values indicated that the BSA molecules keep their native form in mixtures with CMC concentrations lower than 5 × 10−3 g · mL−1. Therefore, for CMC concentrations higher than 2 × 10−3 g · mL−1 the mixtures start to present aggregates and free BSA molecules coexisting in solution.SAXS evidenced the complex formation between BSA and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at a stoichiometric ratio. Excess of CMC led to aggregation.magnified imageSAXS evidenced the complex formation between BSA and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at a stoichiometric ratio. Excess of CMC led to aggregation.
Structure of Water Incorporated in Sulfobetaine Polymer Films as Studied by ATR‐FTIR
Authors: Kitano Hiromi , Mori Takayuki , Takeuchi Yuki , Tada Susumu , Gemmei‐Ide Makoto , Yokoyama Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Masaru 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary:The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity of a thin film of a sulfobetaine copolymer (poly[(N,N‐dimethyl‐N‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐3′‐methacrylamidopropanaminium inner salt)‐ran‐(butyl methacrylate)], poly(SPB‐r‐BMA)), were analyzed with band shapes of OH stretching of attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR‐IR) spectra. The copolymer could be cast as a thin film, of approximate thickness 10 μm, on a ZnSe crystal for the ATR‐IR spectroscopy. At an early stage of sorption of water into the polymer film, the OH stretching band of the IR spectra for the water incorporated in the film was similar to that for free water. This is consistent with the tendency for another zwitterionic polymeric material, poly[(2‐methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine)‐ran‐(butyl methacrylate)] (poly(MPC‐r‐BMA). It is, however, contradictory to the drastic change in the OH stretching band for water incorporated into films of polymers such as poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate). These results suggest that polymers with a zwitterionic structure do not significantly disturb the hydrogen bonding between water molecules incorporated in the thin films. The investigation into the blood‐compatibility of both the poly(SPB‐r‐BMA) and the poly(MPC‐r‐BMA) films indicate a definite correlation between the blood‐compatibility of the polymers and the lack of effect of the polymeric materials on the structure of the incorporated water.Number of platelets adhered to various polymer films. a: Hydrophilic glass, b: PBMA, c: Poly(DMAPMA‐r‐BMA), d: Poly(SPB‐r‐BMA)‐q (DQ = 88.4%), e: PHEMA, f: Poly(SPB‐r‐BMA) (DQ = 100%).magnified imageNumber of platelets adhered to various polymer films. a: Hydrophilic glass, b: PBMA, c: Poly(DMAPMA‐r‐BMA), d: Poly(SPB‐r‐BMA)‐q (DQ = 88.4%), e: PHEMA, f: Poly(SPB‐r‐BMA) (DQ = 100%).
Thermosensitive Biodegradable Polydepsipeptide
Authors: Ohya Yuichi , Toyohara Megumi , Sasakawa Mitsuhiro , Arimura Hidetoshi , Ouchi Tatsuro 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSummary: A poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)‐like biodegradable thermosensitive polydepsipeptide, poly[Glc‐Asn(N‐isopropyl)], was synthesized by introducing an isopropyl amide group into poly[Glc‐Asn]. Poly[Glc‐Asn(N‐isopropyl)] was degraded in vitro by cleavage of the ester bonds in the main chain in water at room temperature. The non‐toxic nature of the polymer and its degradation products, coupled with a cloud point at 29 °C in water, make this polymer attractive for biomedical implant applications.The effect of the temperature on the light transmittance of a poly[Glc‐Asn(N‐isopropyl)] solution.magnified imageThe effect of the temperature on the light transmittance of a poly[Glc‐Asn(N‐isopropyl)] solution.