bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geospatial Mapping to Target Injury Prevention for Older Adult Ground-Level Falls: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Cardozo-Stolberg Sara , Szydziak Elisa , Angus L. D. George , Blake Rodrigo , Marsden Daniel , Venkatesh Sinchana , Mon Nwe Oo 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Trauma centers target injury prevention efforts based on trauma registry and local epidemiological data. Identifying geographic patterns of injury through geospatial mapping has emerged as a technology to help identify at-risk individuals. Yet, the feasibility of using spatial analysis to target injury prevention efforts remains unknown.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to demonstrate the use of geospatial mapping of older adult ground-level falls to target injury prevention efforts.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort analysis of ground-level falls among older adults was conducted from 2017 to 2020 at a Level I trauma center and safety net hospital. Trauma admissions, U.S. census median income, Hispanic percentage, and population density by zip codes were combined to create choropleth and heat maps to identify injury hot spots to target fall prevention classes.

RESULTS:
A total of 5,629 patients were reviewed, of which 3,002 (53%) were fall cases. Low-level falls (<10 ft) accounted for 2,224 cases; 1,449 were among older adults centered around the study hospital. Ground-level falls accounted for 1,663 patients, of whom 1,182 were older adults clustering around senior housing, assisted living facilities, nursing homes, and rehabilitation centers. As a result, our fall prevention classes are now targeted at these newly identified locations.

CONCLUSION:
Geospatial analysis provided powerful visualization of fall injury locations to target our fall prevention efforts. Geospatial analysis is a feasible tool for trauma centers to guide injury prevention strategies that effectively target the populations most in need.
Impact of a Rounding Tool and Clinical Champion on Trauma Patient Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Todd Brandon , Rahm Jordan , Kerley David , Hunt Darrell L. 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Early identification and treatment of alcohol misuse among trauma patients is the standard of care for trauma centers. Yet, trauma programs face significant barriers in adherence to sustained alcohol misuse screening.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to evaluate the impact of a rounding tool and clinical champion on screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment compliance rates for alcohol use disorder in trauma patients.

METHODS:
This is a single-center, retrospective cohort design measuring the impact of a nursing rounding tool and clinical champion on screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol use disorder in trauma patients older than 14 years. Retrospective reviews were conducted over a 5-year period from 2017 to 2021 for all admitted trauma patients as defined by the National Trauma Data Standard.

RESULTS:
More than 5,000 trauma patients were included during the study period. The nurses' rounding tool and clinical champion intervention led to an increase in the alcohol use disorder screening rate from an average of 59% for the first 3 months of the study (May to July 2017) to 95% for the last 3 months of the study (March to May 2021).

CONCLUSION:
Our findings show that a dedicated clinical champion and nurse rounding tool increase compliance for screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for alcohol use disorder in trauma patients.
Escaping the Silos: Utilization of a Pediatric Trauma Escape Room to Promote Interprofessional Education and Collaboration
Authors: Hudson Ashley , Franklin Kelli , Edwards Thomas R. , Slivinski Andrea 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
Millions of children are treated annually for trauma-related injuries but comprise a smaller proportion of emergency department visits than adults. As a result, emergency department teams may not have the knowledge, skills, and confidence to care for pediatric patients, and specialty teams may not interact enough as an interprofessional team to provide high-quality patient care.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this project is to describe a novel interprofessional simulation-based education initiative to assist pediatric trauma team readiness.

METHODS:
An escape room was designed to provide an interactive educational environment focused on pediatric trauma education. Using an interprofessional dyad of a trauma nursing specialist and a pediatric nursing expert, the escape room was designed as a series of clues to improve pediatric skills and interprofessional collaboration between specialty teams. The escape room training was conducted (from February to March, 2023) in a large Southeastern U.S. Level II adult trauma center.

RESULTS:
Twenty-one registered nurses from different specialty teams participated in the simulation exercises with overwhelmingly positive feedback. Colleagues reported this was a unique way to deliver education that resulted in innovative team building and enriched collegiality between the specialty teams.

CONCLUSIONS:
The escape room educational format was positively received, and future events are planned across disciplines and various topics. Trauma centers with lower pediatric volumes seeking to provide engaging team-based education may use this format as a unique and innovative way to develop teams for clinical success.
Legislation, medicine, and politics: care for gender diverse youth
Authors: Preston Stephanie , Lopez Ximena 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
A recent increase in legislation in the United States prohibiting gender-affirming care (GAC) for transgender youth follows a wave of its politicization despite support from all pertinent mainstream medical associations. This review describes the standards of GAC for transgender youth, the origins of legislation prohibiting this care, a review of current legislation in the United States and a discussion on the impact on patients, providers, and the medical field.

Recent findings
A critical evaluation of historical parallels and current organizations supporting this legislation reveals it stems not from concerns within the medical field but from political and religious interests. This intrusion sets a dangerous precedent, undermining evidence-based medicine, providers’ ability to practice according to standards of care, and patients’ and guardians’ autonomy and medical decision-making. This wave of antitrans rhetoric and legislation has resulted in threats to health providers and hospitals, ‘moral distress” in providers, and migration of providers and patients from hostile states.

Summary
Similar to antiabortion legislation, these legislative efforts will likely result in negative health outcomes and worsening disparities. The medical community must confront these forces directly through an understanding of the political and structural forces at play and adopting strategies to leverage collective power.
Effects of Yoga on Cancer-Related Fatigue, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life Among Patients With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Xing , Li Si Ni , Chan Dorothy Ngo Sheung 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundYoga can be considered supportive therapy for patients with cancer to alleviate cancer-related symptoms. However, there has been no meta-analysis examining yoga’s effects among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.ObjectiveTo synthesize the evidence regarding the effects of yoga on improving cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and quality of life among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.MethodsTen English databases and 2 Chinese databases were searched from inception to December 2022. Two independent reviewers screened studies and extracted the data. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of yoga on cancer-related fatigue, psychological distress, and quality of life were included. Meta-analysis was conducted, and narrative synthesis was performed when meta-analysis was not applicable.ResultsFourteen studies from 16 articles were included. The results showed that yoga reduced cancer-related fatigue (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.12 to −0.38;P< .001), anxiety (SMD, −0.91; 95% CI, −1.68 to −0.14;P= .02), but not depression (SMD, −0.82; 95% CI, −1.67 to 0.04;P= .06). The effects of yoga on distress and quality of life were inconclusive.ConclusionsYoga significantly helped reduce cancer-related fatigue and anxiety but did not reduce depression among patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Further rigorous studies are needed to identify the optimal characteristics of yoga for these patients.Implications for PracticeIt is possible to recommend yoga to patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for managing cancer-related fatigue and anxiety after duly considering patients’ physical conditions and ensuring appropriate instructions are given.
Vestibular contribution to spatial orientation and navigation
Authors: Zwergal Andreas , Grabova Denis , Schöberl Florian 
Published: November 2023

Purpose of review
The vestibular system provides three-dimensional idiothetic cues for updating of one's position in space during head and body movement. Ascending vestibular signals reach entorhinal and hippocampal networks via head-direction pathways, where they converge with multisensory information to tune the place and grid cell code.

Recent findings
Animal models have provided insight to neurobiological consequences of vestibular lesions for cerebral networks controlling spatial cognition. Multimodal cerebral imaging combined with behavioural testing of spatial orientation and navigation performance as well as strategy in the last years helped to decipher vestibular-cognitive interactions also in humans.

Summary
This review will update the current knowledge on the anatomical and cellular basis of vestibular contributions to spatial orientation and navigation from a translational perspective (animal and human studies), delineate the behavioural and functional consequences of different vestibular pathologies on these cognitive domains, and will lastly speculate on a potential role of vestibular dysfunction for cognitive aging and impeding cognitive impairment in analogy to the well known effects of hearing loss.
Long-Term Outcome after Convergent Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gersak Borut , Podlogar Veronika , Kalinsek Tine Prolic , Jan Matevz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this single-center retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term outcome after convergent procedure (CP) for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), persistent AF and long-standing persistent AF.Methods and resultsWe analyzed outcomes of patients that underwent CP from January 2009 until July 2020. 119 patients with paroxysmal AF (23.5%), persistent AF (5.9%) or long-standing persistent AF (70.6%) that attended long-term follow up were included. The outcome was assessed at 1-year after CP and at long-term follow up. At 1-year follow up rhythm and daily AF burden were assessed for patients with implantable loop recorder (61.2%). For others rhythm was assessed by clinical presentation and 12-lead ECG recording. At long-term follow up patients having sinus rhythm or unclear history of AF were monitored with 7-day ECG Holter and AF burden was determined. Long-term success was defined as freedom from AF/atrial flutter (AFL) with sinus rhythm on 12-lead ECG recording and AF/AFL burden <1% on 7-day Holter ECG. Repeat catheter ablations (RFA) prior to long-term follow up were documented.At 1-year follow up 91.4% of patients had sinus rhythm and 76.1% of patients had AF/AFL burden <1%. At long-term follow up (8.3 ± 2.8 years) 65.5% of patients had sinus rhythm and 53.8% patients had AF/AFL burden <1% on 7-day holter ECG. Additional RFAs were performed in 32.8% of patients who had AF or AFL burden <1%. At long-term follow up age, body mass index and left atrial volume index were associated with increased risk of AF recurrence.ConclusionsCP resulted in high long-term probability of sinus rhythm maintenance. During long-term follow-up additional RFAs were required to maintain sinus rhythm in a substantial number of patients.
Early warning system using primary healthcare data in the post-COVID-19-pandemic era: Brazil nationwide case-study
Authors: Cerqueira-Silva Thiago , Oliveira Juliane F. , de Araújo Oliveira Vinicius , Veras Florentino Pilar Tavares , Sironi Alberto , Penna Gerson O. , Pereira Ramos Pablo Ivan , Boaventura Viviane Sampaio , Barral-Netto Manoel , Marcilio Izabel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundSyndromic surveillance utilising primary health care (PHC) data is a valuable tool for early outbreak detection, as demonstrated in the potential to identify COVID-19 outbreaks. However, the potential of such an early warning system in the post-COVID-19 era remains largely unexplored.MethodsWe analysed PHC encounter counts due to respiratory complaints registered in the Brazilian database of the Universal Health System between January and July 2023. We applied EARS (variation C1-C2-C3) and EVI to estimate the weekly thresholds. An alarm was determined when the number of encounters exceeded the week-specific threshold. We used data on hospitalisation due to respiratory disease to classify weeks in which the number of cases surpassed predetermined thresholds as anomalies. We compared EARS and EVI’s efficacy in anticipating anomalies.FindingsA total of 119 anomalies were identified across 116 immediate regions during the study period. The EARS-C2 presented the highest early alarm rate, with 81/119 (68%) early alarms, and C1 the lowest, with 71 (60%) early alarms. The lowest true positivity was the EARS-C1 118/1354 (8.7%) and the highest EARS-C3 99/856 (11.6%).ConclusionRoutinely collected PHC data can be successfully used to detect respiratory disease outbreaks in Brazil. Syndromic surveillance enhances timeliness in surveillance strategies, albeit with lower specificity. A combined approach with other strategies is essential to strengthen accuracy, offering a proactive and effective public health response against future outbreaks.
Fertilizer and cultivar affect the barley rhizobiome, while domestication age only affects growth at low nutrient levels
Authors: Kindtler Nikolaj L. , Sheikh Sanea , Richardy Jesper , Krogh Emilie , Maccario Lorrie , Vestergård Mette , da Fonseca Rute R , Ekelund Flemming , Laursen Kristian H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractModern plant breeding has provided barley cultivars that produce high yields when supplied with ample amounts of mineral fertilizer. This narrow selection criterion may have reduced key traits facilitating vital microbiome-plant interactions. Here, we investigated the performance of three old and four modern barley cultivars grown at different fertilizer regimes and assessed the root microbiome composition using 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. The objectives were to investigate: i) nutrient availability effects on nutrient uptake and biomass production and, ii) how domestication age, cultivar, and fertilizer treatment affect the root microbiome. Without fertilizer, old cultivars outperformed modern ones in terms of biomass and had higher leaf concentration of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur, iron, zinc, and copper. This suggests that older barley cultivars retained the ability of their wild ancestor to collaborate with the soil microbiome resulting in improved nutrient acquisition in low-input systems. Interestingly, domestication age did not significantly affect the diversity of the rhizo-microbiome, which was instead dependent on individual cultivar and fertilizer treatment.HighlightOlder barley cultivars outperform the modern ones in terms of biomass at low nutrient availability. However, the rhizo-microbial diversity depended on the individual cultivar and fertilizer regime.
Simplest Model of Nervous System. II. Evolutionary Optimization
Authors: Sinitskiy Anton V. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, we build upon a simple model of a primitive nervous system presented in a prior companion paper. Within this model, we formulate and solve an optimization problem, aiming to mirror the process of evolutionary optimization of the nervous system. The formally derived predictions include the emergence of sharp peaks of neural activity (‘spikes’), an increasing sensory sensitivity to external signals and a dramatic reduction in the cost of the functioning of the nervous system due to evolutionary optimization. Our work implies that we may be able to make general predictions about the behavior and characteristics of the nervous system irrespective of specific molecular mechanisms or evolutionary trajectories. It also underscores the potential utility of evolutionary optimization as a key principle in mathematical modeling of the nervous system and offers examples of analytical derivations possible in this field. Though grounded in a simple model, our findings offer a novel perspective, merging theoretical frameworks from nonequilibrium statistical physics with evolutionary principles. This perspective may guide more comprehensive inquiries into the intricate nature of neural networks.
A microfluidic platform with integrated porous membrane cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (PM-ECIS) for biological barrier assessment
Authors: Ugodnikov Alisa , Lu Joy , Chebotarev Oleg , Simmons Craig A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTraditionally, biological barriers are assessed in vitro by measuring trans-endothelial/epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across a monolayer using handheld chopstick electrodes. Implementation of TEER into organ-on-chip (OOC) setups is a challenge however, due to non-uniform current distribution and interference from biomaterials typically found in such systems. In this work, we address the pitfalls of standard TEER measurement through the application of porous membrane electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing (PM-ECIS) to an OOC setup. Gold leaf electrodes (working electrode diameters = 250, 500, 750 µm) were incorporated onto porous membranes and combined with biocompatible tape to assemble microfluidic devices. PM-ECIS resistance at 4 kHz was not influenced by presence of collagen hydrogel in bottom channels, compared to TEER measurements in same devices, which showed a difference of 1723 ± 381.8 Ω (p=0.006) between control and hydrogel conditions. A proof of concept, multi-day co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier was also demonstrated in these devices. PM-ECIS measurements were robust to fluid shear (5 dyn/cm2) in cell-free devices, yet were highly sensitive to flow-induced changes in an endothelial barrier model. Initiation of perfusion (0.06 dyn/cm2) in HUVEC-seeded devices corresponded to significant decreases in impedance at 40 kHz (p<0.01 for 750 and 500 µm electrodes) and resistance at 4 kHz (p<0.05 for all electrode sizes) relative to static control cultures, with minimum values reached at 6.5 to 9.5 hours after induction of flow. Our microfluidic PM-ECIS platform enables sensitive, non-invasive, real-time measurements of barrier function in setups integrating critical OOC features like 3D co-culture, biomaterials and shear stress.
Gender and Belief about Menstruation and Academic Performance
Authors: Odah Destiny 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMenstruation is a natural process for women that shows a healthy female reproductive system, yet women are stigmatized during this experience. A woman’s physical, mental, and social well-being are significantly impacted by menstruation. Thus, menstrual disorders are widespread and are a major social problem. There have been variations in people’s perceptions of menstruation and gaps in research comparing gender and beliefs about menstruation and its impact on academic performance. This study investigates gender and beliefs about menstruation and how it affects academic performance and social life using a self-administered online questionnaire that inquires about general knowledge of menstruation, participants’ beliefs and experiences with menstruation, participants’ academic performance and demographic questions. Participants responded using a 5-point Likert scale, showing that 40.44% of the respondents’ knowledge and understanding of menstruation have positively influenced over the years. Furthermore, the results from the chi-square analysis revealed an association between men’s and women’s perceptions of menstruation. Interestingly, women stated that menstruation has no effect on their academic performances, but on the other hand, men were indecisive about its impact on women’s intellectual tasks. Also, 28.72% of respondents reported that they find studying and excelling during menstruation uneasy. The result shows that women can excel at any task, even during menstruation. Knowledge of menstruation is essential in furthering a better understanding of women’s health, demystifying menstruation myths, and advancing the social well-being of this gender.
Isolating neural signatures of conscious speech perception with a no-report sine-wave speech paradigm
Authors: Zhu Yunkai , Li Charlotte , Hendry Camille , Glass James , Canseco-Gonzalez Enriqueta , Pitts Michael A. , Dykstra Andrew R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIdentifying neural correlates of conscious perception is a fundamental endeavor of cognitive neuroscience. Most studies so far have focused on visual awareness along with trial-by-trial reports of task relevant stimuli, which can confound neural measures of perceptual awareness with post-perceptual processing. Here, we used a three-phase sine-wave speech paradigm that dissociated between conscious speech perception and task relevance while recording EEG in humans of both sexes. Compared to tokens perceived as noise, physically identical sine-wave speech tokens that were perceived as speech elicited a left-lateralized, near-vertex negativity, which we interpret as a phonological version of a perceptual awareness negativity. This response appeared between 200 and 300 ms after token onset and was not present for frequency-flipped control tokens that were never perceived as speech. In contrast, the P3b elicited by task-irrelevant tokens did not significantly differ when the tokens were perceived as speech versus noise, and was only enhanced for tokens that were both perceived as speechandrelevant to the task. Our results extend the findings from previous studies on visual awareness and speech perception, and suggest that correlates of conscious perception, across types of conscious content, are most likely to be found in mid-latency negative-going brain responses in content-specific sensory areas.Significance StatementHow patterns of brain activity give rise to conscious perception is a fundamental question of cognitive neuroscience. Here, we asked whether markers of conscious speech perception can be separated from task-related confounds. We combined sine-wave speech - a degraded speech signal that is heard as noise by naive individuals but can readily be heard as speech after minimal training - with a no-report paradigm that independently manipulated perception (speech versus non-speech) and task (relevant versus irrelevant). Using this paradigm, we were able to identify a marker of speech perception in mid-latency responses over left frontotemporal EEG channels that was independent of task. Our results demonstrate that the “perceptual awareness negativity” is present for a new type of perceptual content (speech).