bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar N2O emissions constitute a significant source to atmosphere
Authors: Qin Shuping , Pang Yaxing , Hu Huixian , Liu Ting , Yuan Dan , Clough Timothy , Wrage‐Mönnig Nicole , Luo Jiafa , Zhou Shungui , Ma Lin , Hu Chunsheng , Oenema Oene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and causes stratospheric ozone depletion. While the emissions of N2O from soil are widely recognized, recent research has shown that terrestrial plants may also emit N2O from their leaves under controlled laboratory conditions. However, it is unclear whether foliar N2O emissions are universal across varying plant taxa, what the global significance of foliar N2O emissions is, and how the foliage produces N2O in situ. Here we investigated the abilities of 25 common plant taxa, including trees, shrubs and herbs, to emit N2O under in situ conditions. Using 15N isotopic labeling, we demonstrated that the foliage‐emitted N2O was predominantly derived from nitrate. Moreover, by selectively injecting biocide in conjunction with the isolating and back‐inoculating of endophytes, we demonstrated that the foliar N2O emissions were driven by endophytic bacteria. The seasonal N2O emission rates ranged from 3.2 to 9.2 ng N2O–N g−1 dried foliage h−1. Extrapolating these emission rates to global foliar biomass and plant N uptake, we estimated global foliar N2O emission to be 1.21 and 1.01 Tg N2O–N year−1, respectively. These estimates account for 6%–7% of the current global annual N2O emission of 17 Tg N2O–N year−1, indicating that in situ foliar N2O emission is a universal process for terrestrial plants and contributes significantly to the global N2O inventory. This finding highlights the importance of measuring foliar N2O emissions in future studies to enable the accurate assigning of mechanisms and the development of effective mitigation.
Efficacy and safety of platelet‐rich plasma in the treatment of venous ulcers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Hu Zhonglin , Wang Senmao , Yang Hao , Xv Haona , Shan Baozhen , Lin Lin , Han Xuefeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsidering the substantial impact of venous ulcers on quality of life and healthcare systems, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) in comparison to conventional therapy. A systematic review of four databases identified 16 randomized clinical trials, including 20 study groups. PRP significantly enhanced complete ulcer healing, exhibiting an odds ratio (OR) of 5.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.35–10.89), and increased the percentage of healed ulcer area by a mean difference of 47% (95% CI: 32%–62%). Additionally, PRP shortened the time required for complete healing by an average of 3.25 months (95% CI: −4.06 to −2.43). Although pain reduction was similar in both groups, PRP considerably decreased ulcer recurrence rates (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05–0.50) without increasing the risks of infection or irritative dermatitis. These results suggest PRP as a viable, safe alternative for venous ulcer treatment, providing significant improvements in healing outcomes.
The impact of physiotherapy interventions on enhancing wound healing post knee osteoarthritis surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Jun , Chu Ruzai , Chen Zhengbin , Qiu Jianbiao , Pang Zhengbao , Yang Huiming 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn knee osteoarthritis surgery, managing postoperative wound healing and minimizing scar formation are pivotal for patient recovery and satisfaction. These aspects are particularly challenging due to the nature of the surgical procedure and patient demographics. Physiotherapy interventions are increasingly recognized for their role in improving these postoperative outcomes. This meta‐analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of physiotherapy in enhancing wound healing, as measured by REEDA scores, and reducing scar formation, as indicated by Manchester Scar Scale (MSS) scores, following knee osteoarthritis surgery. Analysing data from eight studies, we found that physiotherapy significantly improved wound healing, evidenced by lower REEDA scores (SMD = −19.58, 95% CI: [−22.49, −16.66], p < 0.01), and reduced scar formation, reflected in lower MSS scores (SMD = −24.79, 95% CI: [−30.03, −19.55], p < 0.01). These findings highlight the crucial role of physiotherapy in postoperative care for knee osteoarthritis patients, emphasizing its impact on enhancing recovery and improving surgical outcomes.
Treatment of diabetic foot with moxibustion: Clinical evidence from meta‐analysis
Authors: Ji Yue , Zhang Yalan , Wu Ruoxi , Wang Tuoran , Wang Jiayi , Liu Zhongjie , Liu Weijing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo assess the efficacy of moxibustion for diabetic foot, and compile the findings of randomised clinical trials. China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Medicine, WanFang Database, Embase, Chinese Scientific Journal Database and Web of Science were from the establishment to January, 2024 were searched. Randomised controlled trials, which evaluated the effects of moxibustion were included. A total of 12 randomised controlled trials involving 1196 patients were included. According to the pooled results of this meta‐analysis, effective rate (relative risk 1.16, 95% confidence intervals, CI [1.11, 1.22]), healing time (mean difference [MD] −6.27, 95% CI [−8.68, −3.86]), wound area (MD 3.46, 95% CI [0.84, 6.09]), and ankle brachial index (MD 0.14, 95% CI [0.03, 0.24]) were statistically significant compared to the control group. This study suggests that moxibustion treatment has the potential for improving symptoms of diabetic foot. However, future in‐depth research on the benefits and harms of moxibustion for the diabetic foot is needed before it can be accepted as an evidence‐based treatment.
Sustainability of an outcome measure in outpatient stroke rehabilitation: A realist evaluation
Authors: Ataman Rebecca , Ahmed Sara , Berta Whitney , Thomas Aliki 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRationaleOnly half of newly implemented evidence‐based practices are sustained. Though poor sustainment can lead to negative consequences for clinical teams, organizations and patients, the causal explanations of sustainment are largely unknown.Aims and ObjectivesWe aimed to ascertain how (mechanisms) and in what circumstances (context) a newly implemented outcome measure in rehabilitation was sustained or not (outcome).MethodologyInformed by an integrated knowledge translation approach, we conducted a realist evaluation using a mixed method, embedded single case study design with data collection up to 18 months following the implementation of the Mayo‐Portland Adaptability Inventory ‐ version 4 (MPAI‐4), a rehabilitation outcome measure. Quantitative data (survey and patient charts) was analysed using descriptive statistics, then integrated with qualitative data (interviews with 10 key informants) and analysed using inductive and deductive retroduction. We integrated the data to develop a case description and ultimately, to refine the programme theory to better understand the sustainability of the MPAI‐4.ResultsWe linked context, mechanisms and outcomes, and also emphasized sustainability strategies in 18 explanations of how sustainability works. These explanations provide evidence for four overarching patterns: (1) implementation and sustainability phases are interconnected, (2) outcomes build on each other recursively, with patient benefits as the keystone outcome, (3) sustainment is achieved to varying levels across different sustainability outcomes [e.g., high level (e.g., rate of MPAI‐4 scoring: 77.7%) to low level (e.g., rate of MPAI‐4 application to clinical decision‐making: 3.7%)] and (4) the work of sustaining the MPAI‐4 is shared amongst different stakeholders.ConclusionImplementation teams can draw from this programme theory to improve the sustainment of outcomes measures while researchers could continue to refine the theory. Continued investigation of sustainability, including diverse and continuous sustainability outcomes, is needed to understand how to maintain improvements in quality of care and patient outcomes.
The Rationality Bias
Authors: HAGENHOFF TIM , LUSTENHOUWER JOEP , TSIONAS MIKE 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe analyze differences in consumption and wealth in an estimated New Keynesian model with rational and boundedly rational households. Shocks are shown to cause consumption and wealth heterogeneity due to the “rationality bias” of boundedly rational households. This bias can be decomposed into three components, which, for certain specifications of monetary policy, can exactly offset each other. Moreover, a more hawkish response to inflation leads to more volatility in consumption and wealth heterogeneity, which makes it optimal for the central bank to set lower coefficients in the Taylor rule than would have been the case under homogeneous rational expectations.
Dendrobium officinale flowers' topical extracts improve skin oxidative stress and aging
Authors: He Xing‐Li‐Shang , Wang Ning , Teng Xi , Wang Nan‐Nan , Xie Zhi‐Yi , Dong Ying‐Jie , Lin Min‐Qiu , Zhang Ze‐Hua , Rong Mei , Chen Yi‐Gong , Li Bo , Lv Gui‐Yuan , Chen Su‐Hong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDendrobium officinale flowers (DOF) have the effects of antiaging and nourishing yin, but it lacks pharmacological research on skin aging.ObjectiveConfirming the role of DOF in delaying skin aging based on the “in vitro animal–human” model.MethodsIn this experiment, three kinds of free radical scavenging experiments in vitro, D‐galactose‐induced aging mouse model, and human antiaging efficacy test were used to test whether DOF can improve skin aging through anti‐oxidation.ResultsIn vitro experiment shows that DOF has certain scavenging effect on 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, hydroxyl free radical, and superoxide free radical, and its IC50 is 0.2090 μg/mL, 15.020, and 1.217 mg/mL respectively. DOF can enhance the activities of T‐AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH Px in the serum of aging mice, increase the content of GSH, and reduce the content of MDA when administered with DOF of 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 g/kg for 6 weeks. In addition, it can enhance the activity of SOD in the skin of aging mice, increase the content of Hyp, and decrease the content of MDA, activated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the skin of aging mice. Applying DOF with a concentration of 0.2 g/mL on the face for 8 weeks can significantly improve the skin water score and elasticity value, reduce facial wrinkles, pores, acne, and UV spots, and improve the facial brown spots and roughness.ConclusionDOF can significantly improve skin aging caused by oxidative stress, and its mechanism may be related to scavenging free radicals in the body and improving skin quality.
Genetic Anti‐Blackness: Exploring the Use of Analogies in Understanding Contemporary Racism
Authors: Nnamdi Akinshimaya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince slavery, racism and discrimination have continued to impact the social outcomes of Blacks despite efforts and laws put into place to alleviate the disadvantages. A contemporary project developed by Nikole Hannah‐Jones and the New York Times called for the re‐examination of the legacy of slavery. With re‐examining the consequence of slavery, the lens has been widened, resulting in a more robust interpretation of racism. Social issues have historic roots and thus require a multilayered approach to map out and examine the culminated effects of phenomenon. In this paper, the author uses Beckert and Rockman’s DNA analogy (2016) to merge biology, history, and sociology to provide a critical overview of theories of racism that have emerged since slavery, and to detail the phenomenon of contemporary racism. By connecting past eras of racism using something familiar, racial discourse can potentially move beyond the frustration of racism being a permanent entity in society.
Diagnostic and predictive ability of hyperbilirubinemia severity in cats: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Salord Torres Xavier , Jeevaratnam Kamalan , Schofield Imogen , Taylor Samantha , Stallwood Jennifer , Heyes Menai , Hughes Daniel , Defauw Pieter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTotal serum bilirubin concentration (TBIL) can provide useful information on several pathophysiological conditions in cats. Nevertheless, whether the variable severity classification of hyperbilirubinemia can reliably indicate certain disease processes or predict a biliary obstruction (BO) has not been investigated.Hypothesis/ObjectiveDetermine if hyperbilirubinemia of variable severity can assist clinicians to identify BO, which often is considered a surgical emergency.AnimalsTwo‐hundred sixteen client‐owned cats.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from all cats (January 2015‐August 2022) with an increased TBIL (>0.58 mg/dL [>10 μmol/L]) presented to 3 referral centers in the United Kingdom (UK). Presenting clinical features and diagnostic outcomes were collected. The predictive ability of TBIL to indicate BO was evaluated by multivariable binary logistic regression modeling and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsMedian TBIL was 1.73 mg/dL (range, 0.59‐26.15; 29.5 μmol/L; range, 10.1‐447.1) with severity classification of hyperbilirubinemia categorized as mild (>0.58‐2.92 mg/dL; >10‐50 μmol/L; 68.1%), moderate (>2.92‐5.85 mg/dL; >50‐100 μmol/L; 17.6%), severe (>5.85‐11.70 mg/dL; >100‐200 μmol/L; 9.7%) and very severe (>11.70 mg/dL; >200 μmol/L; 4.6%). Biliary obstruction was present in 17 (7.9%) cats, all of which received recommendation for emergency surgery. Median TBIL in cats with BO (9.69 mg/dL; 165.7 μmol/L) differed significantly from those without obstruction (1.51 mg/dL; 25.8 μmol/L; P < .01). The optimal TBIL cut‐off to discriminate between cats with and without BO was ≥3.86 mg/dL (≥66 μmol/L) with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 82.4%. Using multivariable logistic regression, as age increased, the odds of BO increased significantly (odds ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01‐1.42; P = .04).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAs part of a thorough clinical assessment, the severity classification of hyperbilirubinemia has the potential to predict the likelihood of a BO and to discriminate between cats that may or may not require surgery for BO at a suggested cut‐off of ≥3.86 mg/dL (≥66 μmol/L). Alongside TBIL, age is also useful when assessing for the likelihood of BO in a cat presented with hyperbilirubinemia.
Sex‐specific effects of inbreeding in juvenile brown trout
Authors: Bylemans Jonas , Marques da Cunha Lucas , Sarmiento Cabello Sonia , Nusbaumer David , Uppal Anshu , Wedekind Claus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInbreeding depression, that is, the reduction of health and vigour in individuals with high inbreeding coefficients, is expected to increase with environmental, social, or physiological stress. It has therefore been predicted that sexual selection and the associated stress usually lead to higher inbreeding depression in males than in females. However, sex‐specific differences in life history may reverse that pattern during certain developmental stages. In some salmonids, for example, female juveniles start developing their gonads earlier than males who instead grow faster. We tested whether the sexes are differently affected by inbreeding during that time. To study the effects of inbreeding coefficients that may be typical for natural populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta), and also to control for potentially confounding maternal or paternal effects, we sampled males and females from the wild, used their gametes in a block‐wise full‐factorial breeding design to produce 60 full‐sib families, released the offspring as yolk‐sac larvae into the wild, sampled them 6 months later, identified their genetic sex, and used microsatellites to assign them to their parents. We used whole‐genome resequencing to calculate the kinship coefficients for each breeding pair and hence the expected average inbreeding coefficient per family. Juvenile growth could be predicted from these expected inbreeding coefficients and the genetic sex: Females reached lower body sizes with increasing inbreeding coefficient, while no such link could be found in males. This sex‐specific inbreeding depression led to the overall pattern that females were on average smaller than males by the end of their first summer.
Factors influencing the early neurological deterioration in intracranial branch atheromatous diseases
Authors: Deguchi Ichiro , Fujiwara Shinako , Arai Noriko , Nakagami Toru , Kimura Ryutaro , Oryu Kiichiro , Watanabe Kaito , Kato Yuji , Hayashi Takeshi , Takahashi Shinichi , Suda Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntracranial branch atheromatous disease (BAD)‐type cerebral infarction is often associated with a progressive worsening of neurological symptoms in the acute phase.AimTo investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with BAD.MethodsWe included and evaluated 198 consecutive patients (150 patients with lenticulostriate artery [LSA‐BAD] and 48 patients with paramedian pontine artery [PPA‐BAD]) with onset within 24 h and with a modified Rankin scale score of ≤1 before admission for END retrospectively out of 235 patients with BAD‐type cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to March 2023.ResultsEND was observed in 26 (17%) and 15 (31%) patients with LSA‐BAD and PPA‐BAD, respectively. Patients in the END group with LSA‐BAD had significantly higher rates of diabetes mellitus and blood glucose (BG) levels on admission and lower rates of initial clopidogrel loading therapy than those in the non‐END group. Patients in the END group with PPA‐BAD had significantly higher BG levels on admission than those in the non‐END group. In LSA‐BAD multivariate analysis, the BG level on admission and initial clopidogrel loading were identified as factors influencing END (BG level [per 10 mg/dL], odds ratio [OR] 1.084, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.008–1.166; initial clopidogrel loading, OR 0.302, 95% CI 0.101–0.901).ConclusionsHigher BG levels at stroke onset were associated with END in patients with LSA‐BAD and PPA‐BAD. Additionally, initial clopidogrel loading therapy suppressed END in patients with LSA‐BAD.
Leptin‐Melanocortin pathway variants and gastric emptying in patients with obesity
Authors: Cifuentes Lizeth , Ghusn Wissam , Campos Alejandro , Bublitz Joshua T. , Hurtado Maria Daniela , Olson Janet , Acosta Andres 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccelerated gastric emptying (GE) is a trait seen in obesity. Mutations in the hypothalamic leptin‐melanocortin 4 receptor (Leptin‐MC4R) pathway have been associated with obesity. We sought to investigate the association of leptin‐MC4R pathway variants and GE in patients with obesity.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of patients with a history of severe obesity that were genotyped and completed a GE test by scintigraphy. We evaluated the percentage of GE (GE %) at 2 and 4 h between both groups using ANCOVA with weight and sex as covariates. We subdivide patients into carriers based on the location of the identified variants (i.e., upstream or downstream of the Leptin‐MC4R pathway) and compared them with noncarriers using ANOVA. Results are presented as mean and standard deviation (± SD).Key ResultsA total of 95 patients; nine carriers (67% females; 39.78 ± 12.33 years; BMI: 49.14 ± 12.96 kg/m2) and 86 noncarriers (87% female; 49.98 ± 13.74 years; BMI: 40.75 ± 6.29 kg/m2) were included. At 2 and 4 h, carriers had a delayed GE when compared noncarriers (p = 0.03 and p = 0.005, respectively). In carriers, when compared upstream carriers vs. downstream carriers vs. noncarriers by location there was a significant difference in GE among groups at 2 h and at 4 h (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesCarriers of heterozygous variants in the Leptin‐MC4R pathway had a delayed GE compared to noncarriers. These findings point the important relationship between the Leptin‐MC4R pathway and gastric motility.
High‐quality chromosome‐level genome assembly and multi‐omics analysis of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) reveals new insights into the environmental and genome adaptation
Authors: Lai Yong , Ma Jinghua , Zhang Xuebin , Xuan Xiaobo , Zhu Fengyun , Ding Shen , Shang Fude , Chen Yuanyuan , Zhao Bing , Lan Chen , Unver Turgay , Huo George , Li Ximei , Wang Yihan , Liu Yufang , Lu Mengfei , Pan Xiaoping , Yang Deshuang , Li Mingwan , Zhang Baohong , Zhang Dangquan 
Published: February 2024

SummaryHigh‐quality genome of rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) represents a valuable resource and tool for understanding genome evolution and environmental adaptation as well as its genetic improvement. However, the existing rosemary genome did not provide insights into the relationship between antioxidant components and environmental adaptability. In this study, by employing Nanopore sequencing and Hi‐C technologies, a total of 1.17 Gb (97.96%) genome sequences were mapped to 12 chromosomes with 46 121 protein‐coding genes and 1265 non‐coding RNA genes. Comparative genome analysis reveals that rosemary had a closely genetic relationship with Salvia splendens and Salvia miltiorrhiza, and it diverged from them approximately 33.7 million years ago (MYA), and one whole‐genome duplication occurred around 28.3 MYA in rosemary genome. Among all identified rosemary genes, 1918 gene families were expanded, 35 of which are involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidant components. These expanded gene families enhance the ability of rosemary adaptation to adverse environments. Multi‐omics (integrated transcriptome and metabolome) analysis showed the tissue‐specific distribution of antioxidant components related to environmental adaptation. During the drought, heat and salt stress treatments, 36 genes in the biosynthesis pathways of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and flavonoids were up‐regulated, illustrating the important role of these antioxidant components in responding to abiotic stresses by adjusting ROS homeostasis. Moreover, cooperating with the photosynthesis, substance and energy metabolism, protein and ion balance, the collaborative system maintained cell stability and improved the ability of rosemary against harsh environment. This study provides a genomic data platform for gene discovery and precision breeding in rosemary. Our results also provide new insights into the adaptive evolution of rosemary and the contribution of antioxidant components in resistance to harsh environments.