bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How couples meet and assortative mating in Canada
Authors: Qian Yue , Hu Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines, for the first time in Canada, the relationship between how different‐sex couples meet and assortative mating on education, race, nativity, and age.BackgroundExtending research on how the likelihood of heterogamy differed between offline and online dating, this study disentangles the implications of institutional and third‐person influences from those of online dating for configuring the patterns of heterogamy and gender asymmetry in assortative mating.MethodData from a 2018 national survey are analyzed using (multinomial) logit models.ResultsEducational heterogamy and nativity heterogamy are higher, but age heterogamy appears lower, in online than offline dating. Next, specific channels of offline dating—formal institutions, social ties, and other channels—are distinguished and compared with online dating. Online dating tends to entail higher educational and nativity heterogamy (vs. meeting through formal institutions), higher racial and nativity heterogamy but lower age heterogamy (vs. meeting through social ties), and higher educational heterogamy (vs. meeting through other offline channels). Further considering gender asymmetry shows that online dating is associated with higher educational hypergyny (more‐educated man, less‐educated woman) than meeting through other offline channels; higher nativity hypogyny (immigrant man, native‐born woman) than meeting offline (overall, formal institutions, social ties); and lower age hypergyny (older man, younger woman) than meeting offline through social ties.ConclusionThe findings help untangle the roles of institutional, social, and digital forces in shaping assortative mating. They illustrate the importance of leveraging theoretically informed comparisons to understand how online and offline dating configures assortative mating and its gender‐asymmetric patterns.
Licensing option to reduce rent extraction by the input supplier
Authors: Kao Kuo‐Feng , Mukherjee Arijit 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is well known that if the final goods producers adopt new technologies, the input suppliers with market power can extract more rent from the final goods producers by increasing the input prices. Higher rent extraction by the input supplier neither allows the licenser of the new technology to earn large profit nor helps welfare to increase much. In a model with an outside innovator (the licenser), a final good producer (the licensee) and an input supplier, we offer a new perspective to the literature by considering a licensing option, which is often observed in the business world, but ignored in the literature. We show that the licensing option offered by the outside innovator can prevent rent extraction by the input supplier. The innovator's profit and social welfare are higher under licensing option compared to a standard licensing contract with no option.
Fragilising clients: A positioning analysis of identity construction during clinical psychology trainees' supervision
Authors: Schubert Samantha , Monrouxe Lynn V. , Buus Niels , Hunt Caroline 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContextWestern mental healthcare system reforms prioritise person‐centred care and require clinicians to adjust their professional positions. Realising these reforms will necessitate clinicians—including clinical psychologists—acquiring professional identities that align with them. Learners develop professional identities through socialisation activities: within interactional spaces such as supervision learners come to understand the self (clinician) and, by extension, the other (client). A clinician's understanding of who I am is intertwined with an understanding of who they are. Our study offers a moment‐by‐moment examination of supervision interactions of clinical psychology trainees to illuminate processes through which the identities of therapists and clients are constructed.AimWe examined how clinical psychology trainees and supervisors construct identities for themselves and clients in supervision.MethodsWe used positioning analysis to explore identity construction during interactions between supervisors (n = 4) and trainees (n = 12) in a clinical psychology training clinic. Positioning analysis focuses on the linguistic choices participants make as they position themselves (and others) in certain social spaces during everyday interactions. Twelve supervision sessions were audio recorded and transcribed. We found that clients were frequently positioned as fragile and subsequently analysed these sequences (n = 12).ResultsClients' identities were constructed as fragile, which co‐occurred with clinical psychologists' claiming positions as responsible for managing their distress. Supervisors played an active role in linguistically positioning clients and trainees in this way. Trainees rarely contested the identities made available to them by supervisors.Discussion and ConclusionWe suggest that linguistically positioning clients as fragile perpetuates paternalistic clinical discourses that do not align with mental healthcare reform priorities. We make visible how this is achieved interactionally through language and influenced by organisational power relations. Intentional efforts are required to support the professional identity construction of clinical psychologists in ways that do not perpetuate paternalism. We offer recommendations for education and clinical practice to support these efforts.
The association of weight loss from anti‐obesity medications or bariatric surgery and apnea‐hypopnea index in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Locke Brian W. , Gomez‐Lumbreras Ainhoa , Tan Chia Jie , Nonthasawadsri Teerawat , Veettil Sajesh K. , Patikorn Chanthawat , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: February 2024

SummaryIntroductionWeight loss is recommended for individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and overweight or obesity, but there is limited evidence to guide the selection of weight management strategies for patients who do not lose sufficient weight with diet and lifestyle changes. We evaluated the relationship between weight loss caused by pharmacologic or surgical interventions and subsequent improvement in OSA by the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI).MethodsPubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE were searched for randomized trials comparing pharmacologic or surgical obesity interventions to usual care, placebo, or no treatment in adults with OSA. The association between percentage weight loss and AHI change between randomization and last follow‐up was evaluated using meta‐regression. PROSPERO: CRD42022378853.ResultsTen eligible trials (n = 854 patients) were included. Four (n = 211) assessed bariatric surgery, and 6 (n = 643) assessed pharmacologic interventions over a median follow‐up of 13 months (interquartile range 6–26 months). The linear best estimate of the change in AHI is 0.45 events per hour (95% Confidence Interval 0.18 to 0.73 events per hour) for every 1% body weight lost.ConclusionsWeight loss caused by medication or surgery caused a proportionate improvement of the AHI. Providers could consider extrapolating from this relationship when advising patients of the expected effects of other pharmacologic or surgical interventions without direct evidence in OSA.
Views, perceptions, and experiences of type 2 diabetes or weight management programs among minoritized ethnic groups living in high‐income countries: A systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Dhir Pooja , Evans Tamla S. , Drew Kevin J. , Maynard Maria , Nobles James , Homer Catherine , Ells Louisa 
Published: February 2024

SummaryBackgroundPrevalence of both obesity and type 2 diabetes can be higher in patients from certain ethnic groups, yet uptake and adherence to current support within these groups is lower, leading to widening health inequalities in high‐income countries.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study is to understand the views, perceptions, and experiences of and barriers and facilitators in relation to the uptake and adherence to weight management and type 2 diabetes programs in minoritized ethnic groups in high‐income countries.MethodsCINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, and PubMed were searched for English language studies undertaken in community‐dwelling adults residing in high‐income countries, who are from a minoritized ethnic group within the country of study.ResultsSeventeen studies were synthesized using the JBI System for the Unified Management of the Assessment and Review of Information. From these studies, 115 findings were retrieved, and seven key themes were identified: (1) family health status and program education, (2) social support, (3) challenges, (4) cultural beliefs, (5) increased awareness and dietary changes, (6) impact of psychological evaluations, and (7) considerations for future.ConclusionsNutritional considerations for type 2 diabetes mellitus and weight management programs in high‐income countries should include social, habitual, economic, and conceptual components, which should include consideration of local ethnic and cultural norms and building community relationships while creating culturally tailored programs.
Effect of Knee Valgus Deformity on Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism and Prosthesis Revision Risk after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Xu Kuishuai , Zhang Liang , Yu Tengbo , Zhao Xia , Zhang Yingze 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveSymptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) and prosthesis failure are the most serious complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, whether knee valgus deformity aggravates these complications has not been fully clarified. To study the difference between perioperative symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision rate in patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis by comparing with patients undergoing TKA for varus deformity and analyze the reasons for revision. At the same time, the distribution and radiographic features of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were recorded.MethodsThe data of patients who underwent TKA in two tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, and a total of 8917 patients were included. According to preoperative manifestations of knee malformations, all patients were divided into two groups: valgus group (n = 412) and varus group (n = 8505). Main indicators included the incidence of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision. Secondary outcomes included general information on operative time, Kellgren and Lawrence score, total hospital stay, and total costs. The patient data of the two groups were analyzed by Pearson chi‐square test, Student t test, or Mann–Whitney U test. The revision was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.ResultsThe proportion of valgus knees in TKA patients was 4.62% (412/8917). The incidence of VTE was 6.23‰ (53/8505) and 16.99‰ (7/412) in the varus and valgus groups, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in echogenicity, number of occluded vessels, and thrombus length between the valgus group (p = 0.102; p = 0.645; p = 0.684). Patients with valgus deformity had 12.14‰ (5/412) prosthesis revision, the incidence of varus deformity was 4.82‰ (41/8505), and the revision risk of valgus group was 2.5 times higher than varus group, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.043). The operation time and hospital stay in the valgus group were longer than those in the varus group, and the results were statistically different (p = 0.018; p < 0.001).ConclusionsValgus deformity increases risk of symptomatic VTE and prosthesis revision after TKA. These results have guiding significance for the prevention of complications after TKA in patients with valgus deformity.
A natural variation in OsDSK2a modulates plant growth and salt tolerance through phosphorylation by SnRK1A in rice
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhu Rui , Meng Qingshi , Qin Hua , Quan Ruidang , Wei Pengcheng , Li Xiaoying , Jiang Lei , Huang Rongfeng 
Published: February 2024

SummaryPlants grow rapidly for maximal production under optimal conditions; however, they adopt a slower growth strategy to maintain survival when facing environmental stresses. As salt stress restricts crop architecture and grain yield, identifying genetic variations associated with growth and yield responses to salinity is critical for breeding optimal crop varieties. OsDSK2a is a pivotal modulator of plant growth and salt tolerance via the modulation of gibberellic acid (GA) metabolism; however, its regulation remains unclear. Here, we showed that OsDSK2a can be phosphorylated at the second amino acid (S2) to maintain its stability. The gene‐edited mutant osdsk2aS2G showed decreased plant height and enhanced salt tolerance. SnRK1A modulated OsDSK2a‐S2 phosphorylation and played a substantial role in GA metabolism. Genetic analysis indicated that SnRK1A functions upstream of OsDSK2a and affects plant growth and salt tolerance. Moreover, SnRK1A activity was suppressed under salt stress, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and abundance of OsDSK2a. Thus, SnRK1A preserves the stability of OsDSK2a to maintain plant growth under normal conditions, and reduces the abundance of OsDSK2a to limit growth under salt stress. Haplotype analysis using 3 K‐RG data identified a natural variation in OsDSK2a‐S2. The allele of OsDSK2a‐G downregulates plant height and improves salt‐inhibited grain yield. Thus, our findings revealed a new mechanism for OsDSK2a stability and provided a valuable target for crop breeding to overcome yield limitations under salinity stress.
Phototherapy causing a purpuric eruption in a neonate
Authors: Pelchat Frédéric , Lagacé Maude , Vallée Sheila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeonatal jaundice is a frequent condition in newborns and is commonly treated with phototherapy. We describe the case of a neonate with hemolytic disease of the newborn who developed a rarely described purpuric eruption. Laboratory testing revealed elevated porphyrins.
Bleach suit for atopic dermatitis
Authors: Shah Manish K. , Barve Ajit , Vasani Resham , Jadhav Rajesh , Sheth Preeti , Parikh Deepak 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBleach baths are an important adjunct in the management of atopic dermatitis. However, many homes do not have bath tubs. We tried to overcome this by soaking a cotton pajama suit or Indian kurta pajama in dilute bleach solution and then having the child wear it for ten minutes. This is done two to three times a week, as in standard bleach tub baths. We have tried this technique in eleven patients with satisfactory outcomes and no adverse effects.
Similarities and differences of interstitial lung disease associated with pathogenic variants in SFTPC and ABCA3 in adults
Authors: Diesler Rémi , Legendre Marie , Si‐Mohamed Salim , Brillet Pierre‐Yves , Wemeau Lidwine , Manali Effrosyni D. , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Hirschi Sandrine , Lorillon Gwenaël , Reynaud‐Gaubert Martine , Bironneau Vanessa , Blanchard Elodie , Bourdin Arnaud , Dominique Stéphane , Justet Aurélien , Macey Julie , Marchand‐Adam Sylvain , Morisse‐Pradier Hélène , Nunes Hilario , Papiris Spyros A. , Traclet Julie , Traore Ibrahim , Crestani Bruno , Amselem Serge , Nathan Nadia , Borie Raphaël , Cottin Vincent ,   the OrphaLung network
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveVariants in surfactant genes SFTPC or ABCA3 are responsible for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in children and adults, with few studies in adults.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre retrospective study of all consecutive adult patients diagnosed with ILD associated with variants in SFTPC or ABCA3 in the French rare pulmonary diseases network, OrphaLung. Variants and chest computed tomography (CT) features were centrally reviewed.ResultsWe included 36 patients (median age: 34 years, 20 males), 22 in the SFTPC group and 14 in the ABCA3 group. Clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Baseline median FVC was 59% ([52–72]) and DLco was 44% ([35–50]). An unclassifiable pattern of fibrosing ILD was the most frequent on chest CT, found in 85% of patients, however with a distinct phenotype with ground‐glass opacities and/or cysts. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia were the most common histological patterns in the ABCA3 group and in the SFTPC group, respectively. Annually, FVC and DLCO declined by 1.87% and 2.43% in the SFTPC group, respectively, and by 0.72% and 0.95% in the ABCA3 group, respectively (FVC, p = 0.014 and DLCO, p = 0.004 for comparison between groups). Median time to death or lung transplantation was 10 years in the SFTPC group and was not reached at the end of follow‐up in the ABCA3 group.ConclusionSFTPC and ABCA3‐associated ILD present with a distinct phenotype and prognosis. A radiologic pattern of fibrosing ILD with ground‐glass opacities and/or cysts is frequently found in these rare conditions.
Predicting suicide risk in real‐time crisis hotline chats integrating machine learning with psychological factors: Exploring the black box
Authors: Grimland Meytal , Benatov Joy , Yeshayahu Hadas , Izmaylov Daniel , Segal Avi , Gal Kobi , Levi‐Belz Yossi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study addresses the suicide risk predicting challenge by exploring the predictive ability of machine learning (ML) models integrated with theory‐driven psychological risk factors in real‐time crisis hotline chats. More importantly, we aimed to understand the specific theory‐driven factors contributing to the ML prediction of suicide risk.MethodThe dataset consisted of 17,654 crisis hotline chat sessions classified dichotomously as suicidal or not. We created a suicide risk factors‐based lexicon (SRF), which encompasses language representations of key risk factors derived from the main suicide theories. The ML model (Suicide Risk‐Bert; SR‐BERT) was trained using natural language processing techniques incorporating the SRF lexicon.ResultsThe results showed that SR‐BERT outperformed the other models. Logistic regression analysis identified several theory‐driven risk factors significantly associated with suicide risk, the prominent ones were hopelessness, history of suicide, self‐harm, and thwarted belongingness.LimitationsThe lexicon is limited in its ability to fully encompass all theoretical concepts related to suicide risk, nor to all the language expressions of each concept. The classification of chats was determined by trained but non‐professionals in metal health.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of how ML models combined with theory‐driven knowledge can improve suicide risk prediction. Our study underscores the importance of hopelessness and thwarted belongingness in suicide risk and thus their role in suicide prevention and intervention.
Livin expression promotes keratinocyte release of inflammatory mediators in psoriasis
Authors: Che Delu , Li Yazhuo , Hang Bing , Li Kaili , Wang Kaijie , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a prevalent, long‐term skin condition characterized by inflammation. Keratinocytes (KCs) are important effector cells that release inflammatory factors and chemokines to promote the inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of KCs in psoriasis remain unclear. Livin suppresses apoptotic proteins and directly affects the growth and spread of cancer cells. Livin expression reportedly increases significantly in lesions of patients with psoriasis; however, its specific role in KC activation remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of Livin on KC activation and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators.MethodsImmunofluorescence staining, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting were used to assess Livin expression in patients with psoriasis, an imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model, and M5‐treated HaCaT cells. To investigate the role of Livin in KCs, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis of Livin‐knockdown (knockdown‐HaCaT) and negative control (NC‐HaCaT) cells. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes were used for enrichment analyses. Moreover, the effect of Livin expression on the release of inflammatory mediators in KCs was verified using ELISA.ResultsLivin expression was higher in KCs of patients with psoriasis than in those healthy controls. Livin expression in HaCaT cells treated with M5 increased significantly over time. Livin expression was higher in the skin lesions of the IMQ mouse model than in the control group. Proteomic analysis and RNA sequencing used to investigate the function of Livin in HaCaT cells revealed its potential role in mediating KC activation and inflammatory mediator release, which affected the pathology of psoriasis.ConclusionsLivin expression played an effect on KCs activation, which induced release of inflammatory mediators and up‐regulation of keratin. This study provides a new effector molecule for the mechanism of inflammatory response in psoriasis.
Exploring inquiry‐based STEM in preschool: The treehouse project
Authors: Damjanovic Victoria , Ward Jennifer 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntegrating STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) in authentic ways is often overlooked in early childhood spaces, despite young children having the ability to engage with the world around them through STEM practices. This piece showcases the work of children in a prekindergarten classroom as they explored an integrated STEM unit centering around the construction of a treehouse on their playground. Through the careful connection to content and standards in science, engineering, and mathematics, along with the integration of developmentally appropriate uses of technology, children learned about and constructed a treehouse on their school playground. Family and community partnerships also contributed to this work. We highlight the various phases of the project, associated standards, and tasks that children engaged with to help demonstrate the propensity of our youngest learners to authentically engage with STEM tasks.
Arguments against head‐stranding ellipsis in Japanese: A reply to Funakoshi (2016)
Authors: Tanabe Tomoya , Kobayashi Ryoichiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhether syntactic head movement exists in Japanese has been hotly debated because of the strictly head‐final character of the language. This paper addresses this issue, focusing on data regarding null adjuncts. We demonstrate that the head‐stranding ellipsis (HSE) analysis of null adjuncts is not conclusive. To achieve this, we show that null adjuncts are more widely observed than the HSE analysis predicts. Specifically, we provide a new set of data that challenges Funakoshi's (2016) generalization regarding null adjuncts, which he claims his verb‐stranding VP‐ellipsis analysis explains. We also present a novel observation that some null adjuncts take scope over negation, contrary to what the HSE analysis predicts. Furthermore, we show that null adjuncts are derived even if the verb does not raise. Given these findings, we explore alternative analyses of null adjuncts that do not assume head movement. In particular, we discuss the pragmatic enrichment analysis as well as the adjunct ellipsis analysis, and suggest that the distribution of null adjuncts is better analyzed by a pragmatic account in line with Landau (2023). This paper concludes that any arguments for head movement based on the HSE analysis of null adjuncts are inconclusive at best.