bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blattella and Related Species
Authors: Appel Arthur G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Today’s cockroaches represent one of the most evolutionarily persistent lineages of insects having remained virtually unchanged in appearance for nearly 350 million years. Cockroaches have a generalized body plan and are usually long legged. Their morphology, biology and behavior has allowed various species to exploit a wide range of habitats from the sand dunes of the southwestern United States to the caves of Madagascar. Cockroaches would receive little attention today, but for their ability to colonize human structures such as homes, commercial kitchens and sewer systems as well as the urban landscape. Cockroaches have been implicated in the transmission of disease organisms (Roth and Willis 1960) and as a source of potent human allergens in our homes (see Chapter 4). Cockroaches have also influenced our culture. The literary cockroach, archy described conditions during the Great Depression (Marquis 1931). In his book Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka used a cockroach (or monstrous vermin) as the metaphor of Gregor Samsa’s wasted life (Kafka 1988). Fire setting cockroaches were the subject of the movie “Bug” and “The Roaches” are a rock music band. Expressions such as roach and roachy-odor, and even brand names such as Roach Motel® and Roach Prufe®, have become part of our language in the United States. It is somewhat ironic that for biologists roach is the common name for a freshwater fish related to carp. The fact that cockroaches are ubiquitous pests has helped to sustain large and successful businesses including professional pest control services (commercial and residential), consumer pesticide products and the services of a number of urban pest management consultants.
An Uncommon Need: “Race” in Early American Literature
Authors: Nelson Dana D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Narrative, as a process of representation, provides a powerful tool for conceptualization. As Thomas Leitch notes, “stories imitate a world of potential, of coming-to-be” (16), and nowhere more than in the discovery of the “New” World did the role of story as “coming-to-be” operate formatively. Well before Europeans set sail for the newly discovered worlds, they were reading, hearing, and telling about what they would find.
Ethnocentrism Decentered: Colonialist Motives in The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
Authors: Nelson Dana D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last thirty years The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym (1838) has become one of the most popular and controversial texts among Poe scholars. As Douglas Robinson suggests, it would seem that Poe’s eccentric narrative is “an interpreter’s dream-text . . . a textual vacuum begging to be filled with a reading” (“Reading Poe’s Novel,” 47). The striking variance of conclusions on The Meaning of Pymcontributes to current curiosity over the work. Readings of Pymrange widely, from psychoanalytic exploration to social satire, from self-referential commentary on writing (or reading) to a metacritical demonstration of utter absence of meaning. Those commenting on the text apparently cannot reach any consensus or “thrust toward uniformity” (Robinson, “Reading Poe’s Novel,” 52), though many seem to concur with J. Gerald Kennedy, who posits Pym as “the pivotal text in current discussions” of Poe (Poe, 145).
“Read the Characters, Question the Motives”: Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
Authors: Nelson Dana D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“The meaning of race,” as David Brion Davis observes in a recent review essay, “remains curiously elusive.” He asks “to what extent is race an ideological construction?” (“Ends of Slavery,” 34). The aim of this study has not been to answer Davis’s question definitively, but to suggest the texture of the Anglo-American literary dialogue which concerned itself with the exploration of “race.” It has not been my goal to reduce these texts to their least common denominator; rather, I have been concerned with exploring the variances between these texts, to investigate the literary uses of “race” as- to use Raymond Williams’s words - an “active history, made up of the realities of formation and struggle” (210).
Technician Training and Quality Control Aspects
Authors: Mortimer David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is a fundamental principle of laboratory tests that they are never entirely free from error. However, understanding the source(s) and extent of such errors is a prerequisite for correct appreciation and interpretation of test results in the diagnostic process. To evaluate these errors, quality control (QC) has been introduced into clinical laboratory tests and has become routine practice (Cembrowski and Carey, 1989).
Going to Smash: Violence in The Ambassadors
Authors: Posnock Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In an 1895 notebook entry that constitutes the initial “germ” of The Ambassadors, James discloses that “the core of the subject” is the “revolution that takes place in the poor man” who five years later would become Lambert Strether. The word “revolution” appears twice more in the notebook entry, as well as in the 1900 “Project of Novel” and in the 1909 preface. James’s repeated use of this momentous word to describe what happens to an elderly man who “has lived only for ... effort, surrender, abstention, sacrifice” opens a gap between diction and subject. This discrepancy is always a prime source of Jamesian comedy, and nowhere more so than in a novel whose fifty-five-year-old hero happily confesses his absurdity as he finally learns to “toddle alone” (Notebooks 141). But granting Strether a mock-heroic stature is only one strand in a novel that is also serious about portraying him as experiencing a “revolution.”
Coda: The Politics of Nonidentity
Authors: Posnock Ross 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nothing is more contemporary about the thought of William and Henry James than their rejection of traditional norms of mastery and authority. In pursuing new forms of human agency and cultural inquiry that seek power and value by deliberately eluding direct identification and affiliation, each practiced a politics of nonidentity.1 While William’s mode of practice is oppositional and Henry’s immanent, both Jameses questioned conventional notions of adequacy, particularly the responsibility of the intellectual in a “loose universe” where all experiences are “finite,” fall back on nothing, and are “homeless.”
“How Jennifer Courted Death”: The 1986 Killing of Jennifer Levin
Authors: Benedict Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Near the end of a long, hot summer in 1g86, New York woke to a series of salacious headlines about the killing of an eighteen-year-old woman in Central Park. In no time at all, Jennifer Dawn Levin, the victim, and the circumstances of her death were being raked over the coals as the New York Post, then still owned by Rupert Murdoch, The Daily News, New York Newsday, and The New York Times competed for reader attention.
Conclusion: How the Press Should Cover Sex Crimes
Authors: Benedict Helen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the 1980s and 1990s, the quality of sex crime coverage has been steadily declining. The press still prefers crimes against white victims while ignoring those against blacks, and although it focuses less exclusively on black-against-white rapes than it did in earlier decades, it still covers those cases with exaggerated frequency, class prejudice, and racist stereotypes, as the coverage of the Central Park jogger case demonstrated. Furthermore, the swing of sympathy away from victims in recent years has been noticeable enough to result in several organized protests and publications. Many of the 1970s rape crisis centers and training programs for police and doctors have shut down; the rape crisis centers that still exist are struggling to stay afloat, having lost their previous funding from state and city interests; and the influential National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape, which funded many valuable studies on the subject, has been whittled down and absorbed into its parent, the National Institute of Mental Health. All in all, rape as a societal problem has lost interest for the public and the press, and the press is reverting to its pre 1970 focus on sex crimes as individual, bizarre, or sensational case histories witness the furor over the celebrity rape case against William Kennedy Smith. Along with that loss of interest has come a loss of understanding.
Law’s Determinacy in Light of General Theories of Prediction, Rule Following, and Interpretation
Authors: Greenawalt Kent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The preceding chapters have explained why many legal questions have determinate answers, in the sense of answers (1) that virtually all lawyers and others familiar with the legal system would reach upon understanding the legal questions, and (2) that are unopposed by any powerful contrary arguments consonant with the “ground rules” of the legal enterprise. Although I have more confidence in the nonlegal and legal illustrations I have provided than in any abstract formulation, the conclusions of the last chapters can be summed up in this way.
The Generality of Law
Authors: Greenawalt Kent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A characteristic feature of law is its generality. Legal rules ordinarily are cast in general form, and reasoning within the law is constrained by a principle of generalization, according to which the standards that one applies to a particular case must be applicable to other situations. Part I has examined and rejected the contention that governance by general rules is inevitably a delusion. We have seen how conventions of language and shared social practices permit guidance by abstract standards stated in advance. Chapter 6 considered the relevance of subjective and objective elements. An approach that individualizes the actor’s situation and character to a greater degree may be viewed as less objective. Chapter 7 reviewed some of the ways in which general classifications raise issues of fairness among groups.
In this chapter, I concentrate more closely on some important questions about the generality of law. I begin with the reasons for general rules. These reasons turn out to be closely similar to the reasons, touched on in Chapter 5, for having single correct answers to many legal questions.
Law’s Relation to Cultural Morality, Economic Efficiency, and Sound Political Morality
Authors: Greenawalt Kent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This part investigates yet another sense in which law might be said to be objective, its rootedness in broader sources. Part I inquired whether questions of law often have objective, or determinate, answers. My claim that they do rested on the central place that language has in the law, and I developed the connection between legal norms and other prescriptive uses of language. For the most part, I treated the law as a relatively independent enterprise, like a game of basketball or certain narrow aspects of employer-employee relations. However, when I spoke about the general justification defense and other open-ended legal norms, I did rely on the way in which judgments about community morality or sound morality could determine the proper application of legal standards. In Part III, I pick up these threads and consider relations between law and broader sources more systematically, including the effect broader sources may have on the possibility that legal issues on which lawyers disagree have correct, or determinate, answers.
Theory Change in Science
Authors: Darden Lindley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This challenging and innovative book examines the processes involved in the birth and development of new scientific ideas. The author has searched for strategies used by scientists for producing new theories, both those that yield a range of plausible hypotheses and ones that aid in narrowing that range. She goes on to focus on the development of the theory of the gene as a case study in scientific creativity. Her discussion of modern genetics greatly demystifies the philosophy of science, and establishes a realistic framework for understanding how scientists actually go about their work. This compelling work will interest a broad range of readers, including biologists and geneticists, along with historians and philosophers of science.
An Introduction to Maria Edgeworth
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literary history has not been kind to Richard Lovell Edgeworth, the eminent father of a celebrated daughter. In the words of another celebrated daughter of an eminent father, Virginia Woolf, Richard Edgeworth was “Byron’s bore, Day’s friend, Maria’s father, the man who almost invented the telegraph, and did, in fact, invent machines for cutting turnips, climbing walls, contracting on narrow bridges, and lifting their wheels over obstacles-a man meritorious, industrious, advanced, but still, as we investigate his memoirs, mainly a bore.”1 In response to such characterization, Marilyn Butler sought to reclaim Richard’s reputation in Maria Edgeworth, a Literary Biography. In particular, she redressed the persistent belief that Richard was an overbearing or dominant father who thwarted his daughter’s artistic and creative development.2 Despite her evidence, however, many critics-and feminist critics, in particular-remain skeptical of a reading that renders Richard’s paternal influence more disinterested or benevolent.
Good Housekeeping: The Politics of Anglo-Irish Ascendancy
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Mary Leadbeater’s Cottage Dialogues Among the Irish Peasantry (1811) Jem explains his decision to postpone marriage until he and his fiancee have saved for a good house with a chimney and furniture. He declares he would shun life “in a mud hovel without a chimney; the parents and children all pig together, on the same wisp-the father goes out to look for food, and when the mother prepares it, they all fall to, and tear it with their fingers and devour it. In the evening they smoke and afterwards-.” He is then interrupted by his friend Tim, who reports that his father’s family lives in just the manner described by Jem. The imagery of this passage is both horrific and fraught with ideological tension.
Coda: Charlotte Bronte and Milton’s Cook
Authors: Kowaleski-Wallace Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout this book my project has been a study of patterns of complicity-of the motivations behind women’s identifications with their fathers, of the forms their complicity can take, and of the consequences of that identification. A major factor in this book on male-identified women has been the mother, and I have argued that complicitous behavior can be traced to a persistent matrophobia. For example, in Hannah More’s responses to Paradise Lost, Eve emerges as the mother from whom one must differentiate oneself. To be “daughter of God and Man” is to be the daughter of no mother; it is to be the daughter who takes control of Mother Nature’s prolific bounty and who asserts her independence from Nature’s sway.
American Novels: Authors, Agents, Editors, Publishers
Authors: Stillinger Jack 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the novel and (in the next chapter) plays and films, we at last encounter literature as commercial enterprise. Apart from timely loans from his publishers, Keats never received a penny from his poetry (and neither did the publishers). Mill and Wordsworth supported themselves as civil servants, offering their works principally for the edification of readers—then and, they hoped, for all time. Coleridge, who survived mainly on donations from patrons and friends, actually lost several hundred pounds when he published Sibylline Leaves and Biographia Literaria with the firm of Rest Fenner, which went bankrupt two years afterward. Eliot received all of $150, plus a prize of $2000, for the first publication of The Waste Land. To be sure, Eliot later became a shrewd businessman of letters, driving a hard bargain as a director of the London publisher Faber and Faber; but when he produced The Waste Land, he and his publishers were still operating in a nineteenth-century tradition of poetry writing and publishing primarily for the sake of art and fame.
The Century’s Corpse Outleant: Hardy and Modernism
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Thomas Hardy wrote “The Darkling Thrush” in December 1900, the last month of the old century. Here is the second stanza:
Hardy himself was sixty years old, and in a position to consider the changing of the calendar as something more than a mere convention - here, it seems to be a mournful anxious rite for something passing irrevocably. Though most of the critical attention devoted to this poem has centered on the thrush, who sings with implausible hope in the next stanza, the original title was “By the Century’s Deathbed,” which points us toward gloomier conclusions.2 But those who, like Hardy here, felt anxiety deepening to trepidation about the new century did not necessarily want the old
The Primal Scene in The Secret Agent: Sex and Violencein the Nightmare Universe
Authors: Schneidau Herbert N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Secret Agent is an apocalyptic work in more than one sense. Composing it at a time of financial strain and worry about his children’s health, Joseph Conrad took a calculated risk in approaching the topic of anarchist bombing and the threat to the public therefrom. He risked public disapproval, and thus low sales, “on the ground of sordid surroundings and the moral squalor of the tale,” yet he hoped to capitalize on the thirst of the reading public for expose treatment of such “outrages.” He knew perfectly well that one of the cheaper thrills for the public in such a book even more satisfying than safe indignation at the “criminal futility” of anarchist acts -would be indulgence in the fatuously apocalyptic sententiousness illustrated by Baron Stott-Wartenheim’s deathbed speech (p. 36).
Ideas of Ambiguity
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Troubled with his reading of “The Emperor of Ice-Cream,” R. P. Blackmur took a moment away from his job at a Cambridge bookshop to write to Stevens for advice on his now classic essay, “Examples of Wallace Stevens” (1931). Stevens read the pages in question and was struck by this sentence: “By associating ambiguities found in nature in a poem we reach a clarity, a kind of transfiguration even, whereby we learn what the ambiguity was.” In a decade’s time, that would become a kind of New Critical dogma, but in 1931 Blackmur was speaking Stevens’s private language, and the poet told him so: “One of the essentials of poetry is ambiguity. I don’t feel that I have touched the thing until I touch it in ambiguous form.
Violence Within, Violence Without
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The year 1939 marked the sesquicentennial of the French Revolution, and to writers of a certain generation it seemed as if very little time had passed. Just as post-Romantic poets have repeated Wordsworth’s mode of imaginative internalization, so have they appropriated his evaluation of the French Revolution as a way to contain or justify their own retreats from historical events that similarly failed to bolster their political ideals. As the ideals of the early 1930s dissolved in the wake of the Munich accords, the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and finally the commencement of the Second World War, Auden looked back to Wordsworth in “New Year Letter” (1940).
The Ultimate Politician
Authors: Longenbach James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the time Transport to Summer appeared in 1947, Ezra Pound had been incarcerated at the Disciplinary Training Center near Pisa, transported to the United States and arraigned on charges of treason, declared mentally unfit for trial, and remanded to St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C. Before the court ruled on Pound’s sanity, his supporters mobilized to secure his release, or at least to avert the possibility of his execution. In November r 945 Charles Norman (Pound’s future biographer) asked Stevens to join Cummings, Williams, F. 0. Matthiessen, Conrad Aiken, and other writers in offering a statement.
One About Lester
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If masterpieces exceed excellence, then there is not a high enough rating for the Lester Young on the Commodore recordings by “the Kansas City Five.” A 1938 session (tracks 1-6, 11, 12 of the LP) produced the masterpieces: his delicate contrapuntal clarinet improvising behind Buck Clayton and his tenor solo on Way Down Yonder in New Orleans, his delicately original clarinet invention on I Want a Little Girl, and his lovely variant of a traditional blues line on Pagin’ the Devil. These are masterpieces.
Three About Coltrane
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“Mainstream I958” by Wilbur Harden, John Coltrane, and Tommy Flanagan is a kind of ersatz Miles Davis date. And that quality goes beyond the presence of certain musicians (Doug Watkins on bass is also here) and the fact that Harden is following Davis’s style quite closely: Snufjy (Harden’s tune) is a blood brother to such things as Little Willie Leaps and Half Nelson from Davis’s first date as leader. But Harden deserves credit for largely getting the point of what Davis does and doing it better than some others-I am thinking particularly of some of the West Coast men who play Davis’s ideas but who patch them together so incongruously (even putting some climactic ones in their first eight bars) that they sound almost like a parody of the original.
Navarro out of the Air
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The selections on “Fats Navarro with the Tadd Dameron Quintet” are from radio broadcasts done from the Royal Roost in the summer and fall of 1948. As very special documents of a very special time in American jazz, they are invaluable. And they capture the excitement, the exuberant qualities of that time as no studio-made recordings do. One can take two different positions about them as music, however. Kenny Clarke is himself, which is to say, one of the most smoothly infectious jazz drummers ever, a man with an important idea of the function of his instrument. But otherwise, one could say that what goes on here is a kind of pastiche drumming: a little of this, a little of that.
This Fellow George Winston
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As I remember, I first heard of pianist George Winston from a sign in a record shop window, “George Winston Back in Stock,” while another shop two blocks down boasted “YES, WE HAVE WINDHAM HILL RECORDS!” Soon after, an ad appeared for a local concert, and a clipping of a record review arrived through the mails which blamed George Winston (whom the reviewer obviously didn’t like) on the influence of Bill Evans.
Harry Carney: Forty-one Years at Home
Authors: Williams Martin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“My greatest kick with the instrument, which then seemed much bigger than me, was that I was able to fill it, and make some noise with it. I enjoyed the tone of it and I started to give it some serious study. I’ve been carrying it around ever since.” Thus, speaking to Stanley Dance, did Harry Howell Carney describe his first encounter with the baritone sax. Carney is, to most musicians and fans, the archetypal jazz baritone saxophonist, but it happens that he was well established on alto sax and clarinet before he took up the instrument. Actually, people seriously ask him if he invented the larger horn, but he was not the “first” jazz baritone mannorthelast, to be sure.