bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I feel broken”: Chronicling burnout, mental health, and the limits of individual resilience in nursing
Authors: Akoo Chaman , McMillan Kimberly , Price Sheri , Ingraham Kenchera , Ayoub Abby , Rolle Sands Shamel , Shankland Mylène , Bourgeault Ivy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHealthcare systems and health professionals are facing a litany of stressors that have been compounded by the pandemic, and consequently, this has further perpetuated suboptimal mental health and burnout in nursing. The purpose of this paper is to report select findings from a larger, national study exploring gendered experiences of mental health, leave of absence (LOA), and return to work from the perspectives of nurses and key stakeholders. Given the breadth of the data, this paper will focus exclusively on the qualitative results from 53 frontline Canadian nurses who were purposively recruited for their workplace insight. This paper focuses on the substantive theme of “Breaking Point,” in which nurses articulated a multiplicity of stress points at the individual, organizational, and societal levels that amplified burnout and accelerated mental health LOA from the workplace. These findings exemplify the complexities that underlie nurses' mental health and burnout and highlight the urgent need for multipronged individual, organizational, and structural interventions. Robust and timely interventions are needed to restore the health of the nursing profession and sustain its future.
The effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring modalities during corrective scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients: A systematic review
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed Mahmoud Metwally Alkhatip Ahmed , Mills Kerry Elizabeth , Hogue Olivia , Sallam Amr , Hamza Mohamed Khaled , Farag Ehab , Yassin Hany Mahmoud , Wagih Mohamed , Ahmed Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim , Helmy Mohamed Hussein , Elayashy Mohamed 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring scoliosis surgery, motor evoked potentials (MEP), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) have been reported to be affected by the use of higher doses of anesthetic agents. Dexmedetomidine, a sympatholytic agent, an alpha‐2 receptor agonist, has been used as an adjunctive agent to lower anesthetic dose. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of dexmedetomidine on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of MEP and SSEP during surgery, particularly among pediatric patients.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to determine whether, during spinal fusion surgery in pediatric patients with scoliosis, dexmedetomidine alters MEP amplitude or SSEP latency and amplitude and, if so, whether different doses of dexmedetomidine display different effects (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022300562).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library on January 1, 2022 and included randomized controlled trials, observational cohort and case–control studies and case series investigating dexmedetomidine in the population of interest and comparing against a standardized anesthesia regimen without dexmedetomidine or comparing multiple doses of dexmedetomidine. Animal and in vitro studies and conference abstracts were excluded.ResultsWe found substantial heterogeneity in the risk of bias (per Cochrane‐preferred tools) of the included articles (n = 5); results are summarized without meta‐analysis. Articles with the lowest risk of bias indicated that dexmedetomidine was associated with MEP loss and that higher doses of dexmedetomidine increased risk. In contrast, articles reporting no association between dexmedetomidine and MEP loss suffered from higher risk of bias, including suspected or confirmed problems with confounding, outcome measurement, participant selection, results reporting, and lack of statistical transparency and power.ConclusionGiven the limitations of the studies available in the literature, it would be advisable to conduct rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine use of in scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients.
Policy design receptivity and target populations: A social construction framework approach to climate change policy
Authors: Koski Chris , Manson Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe public‐elite policy feedback mechanism of the Social Construction Framework (SCF) postulates that the public rewards policymakers for the appropriate distribution of benefits and burdens to target populations. In this article we test a key part of this dynamic by examining public receptivity to policy design features as a function of target population choice. We conduct a national survey experiment of approximately 3350 Americans. Our instrument asks respondents to indicate support or opposition to a range of policy tools in a suite of six climate change policies, but varies who would be responsible for options based upon Schneider and Ingram's idealized types. Our research design tests the independent effects of deservingness and power foundational to the construction of target populations in the SCF. We find, in general, deservingness to be a stronger predictor of support for policy tools than notions of power. We also identify situations where deservingness acts independently of power in ways not anticipated by the SCF—notably public favor for burdens on powerful groups. Our findings offer implications for theoretical and empirical development of the SCF regarding the influence of policymakers' perceptions of public acceptance of policy design in crafting public policies.
U‐type soft tissue lifting: A new composited technique for reversing lower eyelid and midfacial aging
Authors: Li Meijia , Xu Haiqian , Tian Yuan , Li Ruixi , Hao Lijun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundFacial rejuvenation is becoming more and more popular, particularly among middle‐aged persons. There are currently many techniques for improving the aforementioned situations, but each has its drawbacks. Our study aimed to discuss the treatment effect of a composited technique for reversing both lower eyelid and midface aging.MethodsThe patient's face was designed and measured before surgery. During surgery, a traditional lower blepharoplasty incision was made. The layer between the orbital septum and the orbicularis oculi muscle was separated to approximately 4‐5 mm below the infraorbital, then the orbital septum and orbicularis retaining ligament were found to be released. A self‐made suspension curving needle subconsciously passed through the brim of the superficial cheek fat pad via the “U‐type” path and raised them to the proper location. Then sutured them to the infraorbital rim periosteum, as well as the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF) and the orbital septum fat. Secured the outside canthus to keep the lower lid position stable.ResultsFrom February 2020 to November 2022, 106 patients underwent the new surgical procedure and were successfully followed up for 20 ± 6.5 months postoperatively. The mean GAIS score was 2.42 ± 0.78, patient satisfaction rate was 95%. All of the Barton grades were decreased. The nasal base level suspension points were elevated to a level of 5 ± 2 mm. 3D measurement data revealed significant improvements.ConclusionsThe composited technique is a safe and effective way to reverse the aging of the lower eyelid and midface.
Comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and safety of a clay mask in oily and acne skin
Authors: Zhang Xianghua , Zhang Zhongxing , Tao Han , He Xiaofeng , Hsu Kungchi , Wang Wenna , Fang Xiaofeng , Steel Andrew 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUND:Oily skin, characterized by excessive sebum production, can lead to acne and have psychosocial impacts due to changes in appearance. Recent research has shown interest in treatments for oil control, with kaolin and bentonite emerging as promising options. Despite their potential, comprehensive studies on these ingredients are still in the nascent stages.AIMThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of a clay mask (La Roche‐Posay Effaclar Sebo‐Controlling Mask) in reducing skin oiliness and acne, and its safety for use.METHODSIn this study, 75 adults with oily or combination skin were enrolled and provided with a clay mask for twice‐weekly use over 4 weeks. Clinical assessments, using instruments like Sebumeter, Vapometer, and Corneometer, were conducted at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks, evaluating acne lesions, skin irritation, sebum content, and skin hydration. Participant self‐assessment questionnaires were also utilized for subjective evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed accordingly.RESULTSThe study revealed significant improvements in acne‐related outcomes, sebum content, skin evenness, stratum corneum water content, and transepidermal water loss following the application of the clay mask. Pore area and porphyrin area showed no significant changes. Tolerance assessment showed reduced dryness and irritation, with self‐assessment indicating high product acceptability and perceived oil control effectiveness.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated the clay mask's efficacy in managing acne and oily skin, improving hydration and texture. Significant improvements in skin parameters and high product safety were observed, supporting its suitability.
Implicit and explicit instruction in the second language classroom: A study of learner preferences in higher education
Authors: Stratton James M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn a recent study, English‐speaking L2 learners of German who received explicit instruction made significantly greater improvements in pronunciation and vocabulary than learners who received implicit instruction. Against the backdrop of this work, the present study reports learner preferences and perceptions about implicit and explicit language instruction. Results highlight a general preference for explicit instruction among university students, with implicit instruction reported as a source of stress and learner anxiety. While implicit and explicit instruction both have a place in the L2 classroom, learners reported that explicit instruction helped circumvent crosslinguistic transfer and ease anxiety. Many learners reported the expectation of declarative knowledge as a function of higher education instruction, suggesting that the exclusive goal of communicative competence may be an insufficient target for university language students. This study highlights the importance of explicit instruction in the L2 classroom.
Sequence elements within the PEXEL motif and its downstream region modulate PTEX‐dependent protein export in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Gabriela Mikha , Barnes Claudia B. G. , Leong Dickson , Sleebs Brad E. , Schneider Molly Parkyn , Littler Dene R. , Crabb Brendan S. , de Koning‐Ward Tania F. , Gilson Paul R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and to invade and replicate in red blood cells (RBCs), it exports hundreds of proteins across the encasing parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) into this host cell. The exported proteins help modify the RBC to support rapid parasite growth and avoidance of the human immune system. Most exported proteins possess a conserved Plasmodium export element (PEXEL) motif with the consensus RxLxE/D/Q amino acid sequence, which acts as a proteolytic cleavage recognition site within the parasite's endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Cleavage occurs after the P1 L residue and is thought to help release the protein from the ER so it can be putatively escorted by the HSP101 chaperone to the parasitophorous vacuole space surrounding the intraerythrocytic parasite. HSP101 and its cargo are then thought to assemble with the rest of a Plasmodium translocon for exported proteins (PTEX) complex, that then recognises the xE/D/Q capped N‐terminus of the exported protein and translocates it across the vacuole membrane into the RBC compartment. Here, we present evidence that supports a dual role for the PEXEL's conserved P2′ position E/Q/D residue, first, for plasmepsin V cleavage in the ER, and second, for efficient PTEX mediated export across the PVM into the RBC. We also present evidence that the downstream ‘spacer’ region separating the PEXEL motif from the folded functional region of the exported protein controls cargo interaction with PTEX as well. The spacer must be of a sufficient length and permissive amino acid composition to engage the HSP101 unfoldase component of PTEX to be efficiently translocated into the RBC compartment.
How bilateral foreign direct investment influences environmental convergence
Authors: Ahouangbe Vignawou Lucien , Turcu Camelia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes environmental convergence and its determinants. We construct our analysis in a bilateral setting and hypothesize that, through foreign direct investment (FDI), one or more investor countries could impact the environmental performance of their hosts, leading thus to a possible environmental convergence between home and host economies. To do this, we construct an original database on bilateral FDI encompassing 128 countries for the period 2000–2012. Our results suggest that, in general, FDI does not directly impact environmental convergence, except for the case of FDI originating from major investor countries. Under specific conditions, FDI can be expected to influence environmental convergence along with other variables such as GDP per capita, industrial development, geographical proximity, or cultural and historical ties. Overall, these effects may vary depending on the type of partnership considered (North–North, North–South, South–North, and South–South).
Pastern dermatitis outbreak associated with toxigenic and non‐toxigenicCorynebacterium diphtheriaeand non‐toxigenicCorynebacterium ulceransat a horse stable in Finland, 2021
Authors: Grönthal Thomas Sven Christer , Lehto Anna Karoliina , Aarnio Sanna Sofia , Eskola Eva Katarina , Aimo‐Koivisto Elina Marjaana , Karlsson Teemu , Koskinen Heli Irmeli , Barkoff Alex‐Mikael , He Qiushui , Lienemann Taru , Rimhanen‐Finne Ruska , Mykkänen Anna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimsCorynebacterium diphtheriaeandCorynebacterium ulcerans, when producing toxin, are the cause of diphtheria, a potentially life‐threatening illness in humans. Horses (Equus ferus caballus) are known to be susceptible to infection that may manifest clinically on rare occasions. In late 2021 and early 2022, specimens from five horses suffering from pastern dermatitis were cultured at the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.C. diphtheriaeand/orC. ulceranswere recovered from all of these. This study aimed to (1) analyse the bacterial isolates and (2) describe the outbreak and identify possible sources of the infection and infection routes in the stable.Methods and ResultsSusceptibility testing, PCR for thetoxgene, and Elek test for toxin production in PCR‐positive isolates were performed. Whole genome sequencing was also conducted to achieve high‐resolution strain typing. An epidemiological survey was done by means of a semi‐structured interview of horses' caretaker, and contact tracing was done among people at the stable. Twotoxgene‐positive, toxin‐producingC. diphtheriaebelonged to sequence type (ST) 822. OtherC. diphtheriae(n = 2, ST828) andC. ulcerans(n = 2, ST325 and ST838) isolates did not carry thetoxgene. The epidemiological investigation explored numerous possible routes of transmission, but the definite source of infection was not identified. All established human contacts tested negative for diphtheriae. All horses recovered after antimicrobial treatment.ConclusionsOur study shows thatC. diphtheriaeandC. ulceransmay readily spread among horses at the same stable and complicate pastern dermatitis infections. These potentially zoonotic bacteria can cause outbreaks even in a country with a very low prevalence. Caretakers should be encouraged to wear gloves and practice good hand hygiene when treating infected skin lesions in horses.
Exploring Machine Learning and Machine Vision in Femtosecond Laser Machining
Authors: Hoskins Julia K. , Hu Han , Zou Min 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To achieve optimal results, femtosecond laser machining requires precise control of system variables such as Regenerative Amplifier Divider, Frequency, and Laser Power. To this end, two regression models, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) regression and Gaussian process regression (GPR) were used to define the complex relationships between these parameters of the laser system and the resulting diameter of a dimple fabricated on a 304 stainless-steel substrate by a 0.2-second laser pulse. In order to quantify dimple diameter accurately and quickly, machine vision was implemented as a processing step while incorporating minimal error. Both regression models were investigated by training with datasets containing 300, 600, 900, and 1210 data points to assess the effect of the dataset size on the training time and accuracy. Results showed that the GPR was approximately six times faster than the MLP model for all of the datasets evaluated. The GPR model accuracy stabilized at approximately 20% error when using more than 300 data points and training times of less than 5 s. In contrast, the MLP model accuracy stabilized at roughly 33% error when using more than 900 data points and training times ranging from 30 to 40 s. It was concluded that GPR performed much faster and more accurately than MLP regression and is more suitable for work with femtosecond laser machining.
Cellular Chaos: Statistically Self-Similar Structures Based on Chaos Game
Authors: Hill Noah , Ebert Matt , Maurice Mena , Krishnamurthy Vinayak 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We present a novel methodology to generate mechanical structures based on fractal geometry using the chaos game, which generates self-similar point-sets within a polygon. Using the Voronoi decomposition of these points, we are able to generate groups of self-similar structures that can be related back to their chaos game parameters, namely, the polygonal domain, fractional distance, and number of samples. Our approach explores the use of forward design of generative structures, which in some cases can be easier to use for designing than inverse generative design techniques. To this end, the central hypothesis of our work is that structures generated using the chaos game can generate families of self-similar structures that, while not identical, exhibit similar mechanical behavior in a statistical sense. We present a systematic study of these self-similar structures through modal analysis and tensile loading and demonstrate a preliminary confirmation of our hypothesis.
Shale Oil–Water Two-Phase Flow Simulation Based on Pore Network Modeling
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Zhou Zhijun , Cui Chunxue , Zhang Jian , Wang Jingyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the growing significance of shale oil in the realm of oil and gas resources, there has been a heightened focus on the impact of the indeterminate oil–water two-phase flow behavior in shale reservoirs on the effective exploitation of shale oil. The utilization of FIB–SEM scanning on shale samples enables the establishment of the real pore network structure and facilitates the analysis of pore type, pore throat size and connectivity of shale reservoirs through the implementation of two-dimensional slices. Subsequently, the gridded connectivity-based pore network model is utilized to conduct oil–water two-phase flow simulation, wherein the L–S and N–S mathematical models are incorporated to quantitatively examine the correlation between the displacement pressure and wettability and the recovery degree and remaining oil, as well as the impact of throat size on pressure loss. The research findings indicate the emergence of five distinctive pore types in shale reservoirs, namely intergranular pores, dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores, intracrystalline pores, and microfractures. In shale reservoirs with poor connectivity, a significant quantity of nanometer-scale pores are generated, wherein the seepage capacity is primarily influenced by the size and connectivity of pore throats. The smaller the throat size is, the greater the displacement pressure will be and the greater the pressure drop will be after the throat is passed through. To prevent fingering and excessive pressure drop, it is necessary to maintain reasonable control over the displacement pressure. The displacement efficiency is optimal when the wall surface is in a water-wet state. Therefore, enhancing the wettability of the surface can facilitate the efficient recovery of the remaining oil in the microscopic pore throats. The research findings offer valuable theoretical insights for the efficient exploitation of shale oil resources.
Examining How High School Athletic Directors Leverage Communication With Key Stakeholder Groups to Inform Performance Appraisals of Head Coaches
Authors: Ratts Tyler 
Published: November 2023

To ensure that head coaches are effective in leading athletic programs, interscholastic athletic directors engage in a performance appraisal process that reviews coaching efforts. Given the demands of the athletic director role, these leaders are reliant on stakeholders to provide insight that informs the coaching evaluation. Therefore, using the tenets of stakeholder theory, the purpose of this study was to analyze the role that stakeholder feedback plays as athletic directors develop the full picture of coaching performance during an evaluation. Participants (N = 25) featured high school athletic directors represented across school classification (i.e., 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A) and school type (i.e., public and private). Through semistructured interviews and a subsequent thematic analysis, saturation was achieved at this sample size. Two main themes (i.e., main stakeholder groups and leveraging stakeholder feedback) emerged and demonstrate how key stakeholders should be considered as important sources of information guiding interscholastic athletic directors when leading coaching evaluations.
Inflammation plays a critical role in damage to the bronchiolar epithelium induced by
Trueperella pyogenes in vitro
and
in vivo
Authors: Qin Lei , Meng Fandan , He Haijuan , Li Siqi , Zhang Hongliang , Sun Yuan , Zhang Wenlong , An Tongqing , Cai Xuehui , Wang Shujie 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Trueperella pyogenes
can cause severe pulmonary disease in swine, but the mechanism of pathogenesis is not well defined.
T. pyogenes-
induced damage to porcine bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), porcine precision-cut lung slices (PCLS), and respiratory epithelium of mice remains unknown. In this study, we used
T. pyogenes
20121 to infect PBECs in air-liquid interface conditions and porcine PCLS.
T. pyogenes
could adhere to, colonize, and induce cytotoxic effect on PBECs and the luminal surface of bronchi in PCLS, which damaged the bronchiolar epithelium. Moreover, bronchiolar epithelial cells showed extensive degeneration in the lungs of infected mice. Furthermore, western blot showed that the NOD-like receptor (NLR)/C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC)/caspase-1 axis and nuclear factor-kappa B pathway were involved in inflammation in PCLS and lungs of mice, which also confirms that porcine PCLS provide a platform to analyze the pulmonary immune response. Meanwhile, the levels of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p-protein kinase B (AKT) were increased significantly, which indicated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt pathways were also involved in inflammation in
T. pyogenes-
infected mice. In addition, we used
T. pyogenes
20121 to infect tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-α
-/-
) mice, and the results indicated that apoptosis and injury in respiratory epithelium of infected tnf-α
-/-
mice were alleviated. Thus, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α played a role in apoptosis and the respiratory epithelium injury in mouse lungs. Collectively, our study provides insight into the inflammatory injury induced by
T. pyogenes
and suggests that blocking NLR may be a potential therapeutic strategy against
T. pyogenes
infection.