bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Pierce‐Type Nanocrystalline Si Electron‐Emitter Array for Massively Parallel Electron Beam Lithography
Authors: NISHINO HITOSHI , YOSHIDA SHINYA , KOJIMA AKIRA , IKEGAMI NOKATSU , TANAKA SHUJI , KOSHIDA NOBUYOSHI , ESASHI MASAYOSHI 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYThis paper reports on the development of a fundamental process for a Pierce‐type nanocrystalline Si (nc‐Si) electron emitter array for massively parallel electron beam (EB) lithography based on active‐matrix operation using a large‐scale integrated circuit (LSI). The emitter array consists of 100 × 100 hemispherical emitters formed by isotropic wet etching of Si. EB resist patterning was demonstrated by 1:1 projection exposure using a discrete emitter array at CMOS‐compatible operating voltages. Isolation trenches filled with benzocyclobutene (BCB) were fabricated in the Si substrate for independent control of each emitter using the LSI. The integration process of the emitter array with LSI and an extraction electrode plate was also developed based on Au‐In and polymer bonding technologies.
Haptic Rendering for a Virtual Palpation System
Authors: SUZUKI SATOSHI , HAMAMOTO KAZUHIKO 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYIn this research, a combination of haptic display technology and ultrasonic elasticity imaging technology is attempted. The system can provide living body elasticity information in a three‐dimensional (3D) space as visual information and sense‐of‐force information. To realize the system, a haptic rendering method is proposed, which can take into account the effect of a 3D elasticity distribution to reproduce a reaction force. The reaction force can be applied from an arbitrary direction. The visual information is displayed on a quasi‐biological body by using OpenGL and an NURBS surface. Distortion such as that in a human body is expressed by NURBS. The system allows diagnosis from an arbitrary direction by improving the displacement filter. The accuracy of the displacement filter was verified by experiments. It was shown to be possible to perform identification from any direction.
Measurement of Refractive Index of Thermal Barrier Coating Using Reflection of Terahertz Waves and Variable Aperture
Authors: FUKUCHI TETSUO , FUSE NORIKAZU , MIZUNO MAYA , FUKUNAGA KAORI 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYA method to measure the refractive index of the ceramic layer of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) using the intensity ratio between the reflection of terahertz waves from the ceramic surface and a reference metal plate is proposed. This method uses a variable aperture to change the relative proportions of specular refraction and scattering from the ceramic surface. The refractive index is calculated based on the specular reflectivity, which is obtained from the intensity ratio when the field of view is extrapolated to zero. Measurement of a TBC specimen resulted in a refractive index of 4.7, which was in good agreement with the refractive index of the ceramic material obtained by terahertz time‐domain reflectometry. In addition, the surface roughness of the ceramic surface was obtained based on the frequency characteristics of the reflections from the ceramic surface and a reference metal plate. A surface roughness of 14 μm was obtained, which matched the results of microscopic observation of a TBC specimen whose coating was applied using the same lot as the specimen used in the measurement.
Activation of AHR by ITE improves cardiac remodelling and function in rats after myocardial infarction
Authors: Lin Xiaoyan , Liu Weiqiang , Chu Yong , Zhang Hailin , Zeng Lishan , Lin Yifei , Kang Kai , Peng Feng , Lin Jinxiu , Huang Chunkai , Chai Dajun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsLeft ventricular remodelling subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI) constitutes a pivotal underlying cause of heart failure. Intervention with the nontoxic endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist 2‐(1′H‐indole‐3′‐carbonyl)‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) in the acute phase of MI has been shown to ameliorate cardiac function, but its role in the chronic phase remains obscured. This study explores the beneficial role of ITE in delaying the progression of heart failure in the chronic phase of MI.Methods and resultsMI rats established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery were treated with the indicated concentration of the AHR agonist ITE or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function; myocardial morphology and fibrosis were observed by haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining; serum biochemical indices, BNP, and inflammatory cytokine levels were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; F4/80+iNOS+M1 macrophages and F4/80+CD206+M2 macrophages were detected by immunofluorescence; the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling assay was used to detect the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes; ultrastructural changes in myocardial tissue were observed by transmission electron microscopy; and Cyp1a1, Akt, P‐Akt, p70S6K, P‐p70S6K, Bcl‐2, Bax, caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐3 protein levels were determined via Western blotting. We found that therapy with the AHR agonist ITE rescued cardiac remodelling and dysfunction in rats with MI and attenuated myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage. Further studies confirmed that ITE dose‐dependently improved myocardial cell apoptosis after MI, as demonstrated by reduced levels of the apoptosis‐related proteins cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax but increased expression levels of Bcl‐2. These effects were attributed to ITE‐induced activation of AHR receptors, leading to the down‐regulation of Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation.ConclusionsThe AHR agonist ITE alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the Akt/p70S6K signalling pathway, thereby rescuing left ventricular adverse remodelling and cardiac dysfunction after MI.
Massive capacity of novel three‐dimensional OCDMA‐FSO system for next generation of high‐data wireless networks
Authors: Rahmani Mohamed , Sabri Ghoutia Naima , Cherifi Abdelhamid , Karar Abdullah S. , Mrabet Hichem 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe present study examines an interesting wireless system known as spectral/temporal/spatial‐optical code division multiple access‐free space optics (OCDMA‐FSO) by integrating the new three‐dimensional successive weight (3D‐SW) code for the incoherent system. The system is proposed to be adopted in future generations of wireless networks in view of its attractive features such as simple architecture, high data rate, strong immunity against electromagnetic interference, and optimal power consumption. Furthermore, the recommended code has a zero cross‐correlation (ZCC) feature that removes multiple access interference (MAI) and lowers the effect of phase‐induced intensity (PIIN) noise, which primarily affects OCDMA performance. Meanwhile, an original bit error rate (BER) formulation based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) calculation has been developed. The computational results clarified that a recommended approach improves optical system efficacy by boosting numerous analytical criteria. Firstly, the numerical outcomes exhibit that the proposed system improves cardinality by 3.67, 3.08, 2.19, and 5 times than the systems using three‐dimensional perfect difference (3D‐PD), both three‐dimensional perfect difference/multi diagonal (3D‐PD/MD) and three‐dimensional‐dynamic cyclic shift/multi diagonal (3D‐DCS/MD), two‐dimensional‐SW, and one‐dimensional‐SW codes, respectively. Further, It saves roughly −7.3 dBm and − 4.2 dBm when moving from (1D) and (2D) to (3D). Second, the implementation of the proposed model under Optisystem software reveals that the system is compatible with optical communication norms and can be used in upcoming generations of wireless networks, where it achieves BER of with better transmission quality reaching 12.09 at a high bit rate until 30 Gbps across a wireless distance up to 6 km.
“Mera Jamia, Mera Ghar”: The corporeal collective willfulness of young Muslim women at Jamia Milia Islamia University
Authors: Desai Karishma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPassed in December 2019, the Citizenship Amendment Act intensified Hindu majoritarian rule, emerging as another legal measure to systematically deny citizenship to Muslims and other minoritized populations. These legislations were met by protests which were responded to by police violence. Young Muslim women at Jamia Milia Islamia University followed the lead of elders in Shaheen Bagh, crafting an intergenerational feminist‐led protest which emerged at the forefront of resistance efforts. This article attends to young women's spatiotemporal claims of recognition and belonging. Dwelling on the collective and corporeal nature of their engagement, I highlight the theoretical significance of this unwavering collective still presence that characterizes their participation. In an India that increasingly questions their belonging, these student protesters craft home as an expanded political site. They make embodied claims to the university, public space, and by extension, the nation, as home.
Enhancing canola oil's shelf life with nano‐encapsulated Mentha aquatica extract for optimal antioxidant performance
Authors: Tavakoli Javad , Abbasi Habib , Gashtasebi Sara , Salmanpour Mohsen , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIncorporation of antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds into edible oils has limitations such as rapid release of phenolic compounds, low solubility, low penetration, low accessibility, and rapid degradation by environmental compounds. To solve this problem, the nano‐encapsulation process is offering promising opportunities. In this research, for the first time, the phenolic extract of Mentha aquatica was nano‐encapsulated in nano‐emulsions coated with chitosan, Lepidium perfoliatum gum (LPG), and complex of chitosan and LPG (CCL) (1:1 ratio). Based on various tests (particle size measurement, ζ‐potential, polydispersity index, encapsulation efficiency index, and intensity curve), the LPG coating was the most optimum option for nano‐encapsulation compared to the other coatings. Thus, the LPG‐assisted nano‐encapsulated phenolic extract of M. aquatica was used to improve the oxidative stability of canola oil at three concentrations (100, 200, and 300 ppm). The results of peroxide value and anisidine index tests (as initial and secondary oxidation indicators, respectively) showed that the nano‐encapsulation improved the antioxidant effect of M. aquatica when compared with free extract in canola oil. In a comparative approach, the best sample was obtained from the LPG‐assisted nano‐encapsulated extract (200 ppm) due to the release of more phenolic compounds. The findings from this study showcase how nano‐encapsulation enhances the efficacy of antioxidants in edible oils.
Food‐grade phytosome vesicles for nanoencapsulation of labile C‐glucosylated xanthones and dihydrochalcones present in a plant extract matrix—Effect of process conditions and stability assessment
Authors: Human Chantelle , Aucamp Marique , de Beer Dalene , van der Rijst Marieta , Joubert Elizabeth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPhytosomes consist of a phytochemical bound to the hydrophilic choline head of a phospholipid. Their use in food products is gaining interest. However, literature on the use of food‐grade solvents, crude plant extracts as opposed to pure compounds, and unrefined phospholipids to prepare phytosomes is limited. Furthermore, studies on compound stability are lacking. This study aimed to develop nano‐phytosome vesicles prepared from inexpensive food‐grade ingredients to improve the stability of polyphenolic compounds. Cyclopia subternata extract (CSE) was selected as a source of phenolic compounds. It contains substantial quantities of C‐glucosyl xanthones, benzophenones, and dihydrochalcones, compounds largely neglected to date. The effect of process conditions on the complexation of CSE polyphenols with minimally refined food‐grade fat‐free soybean lecithin (PC) was studied. The PC:CSE ratio, sonication time, and reaction temperature were varied. This resulted in phytosomes ranging in vesicle size (113.7–312.7 nm), polydispersity index (0.31–0.48), and zeta potential (−55.0 to −38.9 mV). Variation was also observed in the yield (93.5%–96.0%), encapsulation efficiency (3.7%–79.0%), and loading capacity (LC, 1.3%–14.7%). Vesicle size and LC could be tailored by adjusting the sonication time and PC:CSE ratio, respectively. Chemical interaction between the lipid and the phenolic compounds was confirmed with nuclear magnetic resonance. Phytosomal formulation protected the compounds against degradation when freeze‐dried samples were stored at 25 and 40°C for 6 months at low relative humidity. The study provided valuable information on the importance of specific process parameters in producing food‐grade phytosomes with improved phenolic stability.
Digitization of weather records ofSeungjeongwon Ilgi: A historical weather dynamics dataset of the Korean Peninsula in 1623–1910
Authors: Lyu Zeyu , Ichikawa Kohei , Cheng Yongchao , Hayakawa Hisashi , Kawamoto Yukiko 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHistorical weather records from Europe indicate that the Earth experienced substantial climate variability, which caused, for instance, the Little Ice Age and the global crisis in the period between the 14th and 19th centuries. However, it is still unclear how global this climate variability was because of the scarce meteorological data availability in other regions including East Asia, especially around the 17th century. In this context,Seungjeongwon Ilgi, a daily record of the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea, is a precious source of historical meteorological records for the Korean Peninsula, as it covers 288 years of weather observations made during 1623–1910. We used the digital database ofSeungjeongwon Ilgito construct a machine‐readable weather condition dataset. To this end, we extracted valid weather information from the original weather description text and compiled them into pre‐defined weather categories. Additionally, we attempted to improve the usability of dataset by converting the reported dates in the traditional calendar system to those in the Gregorian calendar. Finally, we outlined promising implications of this dataset for meteorological and climatological studies, while describing the limitations of the dataset. Overall, future studies focusing on the climate and weather of the past could use this meteorological database for investigating long‐term climate variability. Our datasets are publicly available at10.5281/zenodo.8382243.
Deep‐learning segmentation method for optical coherence tomography angiography in ophthalmology
Authors: Ma Fei , Li Sien , Wang Shengbo , Guo Yanfei , Wu Fei , Meng Jing , Dai Cuixia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe optic disc and the macular are two major anatomical structures in the human eye. Optic discs are associated with the optic nerve. Macular mainly involves degeneration and impaired function of the macular region. Reliable optic disc and macular segmentation are necessary for the automated screening of retinal diseases.MethodsA swept‐source OCTA system was designed to capture OCTA images of human eyes. To address these segmentation tasks, first, we constructed a new Optic Disc and Macula in fundus Image with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) dataset (ODMI). Second, we proposed a Coarse and Fine Attention‐Based Network (CFANet).ResultsThe five metrics of our methods on ODMI are 98.91, 98.47, 89.77, 98.49, and 89.77, respectively.ConclusionsExperimental results show that our CFANet has achieved good performance on segmentation for the optic disc and macula in OCTA.
Infant case of severe immune thrombocytopenia caused by COVID‐19 infection
Authors: Anzai Tatsuya , Nakashima Naomi , Betsui Hiroyuki , Kawahara Yuta , Hayashi Yuriko , Kimura Hirokazu , Shimada Akira 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common childhood acute autoimmune bleeding disorder caused by numerous viruses and characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia. Although cases of ITP caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection have been reported in adults, pediatric reports are limited. We present the case of a 1‐year‐old girl who developed COVID‐19‐infection‐related ITP with a very low platelet count (0.0 × 104/μL). We searched for COVID‐19‐related pediatric ITP cases and found 10 other cases, with the majority having platelet counts of <1.0 × 104/μL. Although pediatric ITP cases caused by COVID‐19 infection may be severe, further studies are needed.
Predictive impacts of peritoneal washing cytology for surgical resection‐intended pancreatic cancer cases: Establishment of planned staging laparoscopy criteria
Authors: Tanaka Nobutake , Takami Hideki , Hayashi Masamichi , Inokawa Yoshikuni , Kurimoto Keisuke , Hattori Norifumi , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Nakayama Goro , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundStaging laparoscopy (SL) has been advocated for pancreatic cancer, mainly to evaluate the peritoneal washing cytology (CY) status, which seems to impact the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. To establish an optimal treatment strategy for CY positive (CY+) pancreatic cancer cases, real‐world clinical data about CY status‐depending surgical outcomes should be accumulated.MethodsPeritoneal washing samples were collected from 183 consecutive patients who could be classified as either resectable or borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic cancer between January 2012 and December 2020. Correlations between the CY status and other clinicopathological parameters with the recurrence patterns and survival outcomes were examined. In addition, we analyzed several risk factors for the CY+ status and attempted to identify the patient population that may benefit most from SL.ResultsA total of 24 of the 183 patients were CY+. Peritoneal recurrence occurred more frequently in CY+ cases than in CY− cases (29% vs. 6%, p < .001) and median survival time after surgery was significantly shorter in CY+ cases than in CY− cases (28.5 months vs. 67.5 months; p < .001). In detail, almost all CY+ patients among curative resection‐intended cases had either elevated preoperative serum CA19‐9 levels (≥250 U/mL) or DUPAN‐2 levels (≥150 U/mL). Significant predictive factors of CY positivity were BR status (p = .028) and serum CA19‐9 level exceeding 250 U/mL (p = .008).ConclusionCY status was identified as an independent prognostic factor, and SL examination should be recommended, especially for patients with risk factors for CY positivity, such as BR cancer and elevated serum CA19‐9 levels.
The use of weakly supervised machine learning for necrosis assessment in patients with osteosarcoma: A pilot study
Authors: LiBrizzi Christa L. , Wang Zhenzhen , Sulam Jeremias , James Aaron W. , Levin Adam S. , Morris Carol D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPercent necrosis (PN) following chemotherapy is a prognostic factor for survival in osteosarcoma. Pathologists estimate PN by calculating tumor viability over an average of whole‐slide images (WSIs). This non‐standardized, labor‐intensive process requires specialized training and has high interobserver variability. Therefore, we aimed to develop a machine‐learning model capable of calculating PN in osteosarcoma with similar accuracy to that of a musculoskeletal pathologist. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we retrospectively obtained six WSIs from two patients with conventional osteosarcomas. A weakly supervised learning model was trained by using coarse and incomplete annotations of viable tumor, necrotic tumor, and nontumor tissue in WSIs. Weakly supervised learning refers to processes capable of creating predictive models on the basis of partially and imprecisely annotated data. Once “trained,” the model segmented areas of tissue and determined PN of the same six WSIs. To assess model fidelity, the pathologist also estimated PN of each WSI, and we compared the estimates using Pearson's correlation and mean absolute error (MAE). MAE was 15% over the six samples, and 6.4% when an outlier was removed, for which the model inaccurately labeled cartilaginous tissue. The model and pathologist estimates were strongly, positively correlated (r = 0.85). Thus, we created and trained a weakly supervised machine learning model to segment viable tumor, necrotic tumor, and nontumor and to calculate PN with accuracy similar to that of a musculoskeletal pathologist. We expect improvement can be achieved by annotating cartilaginous and other mesenchymal tissue for better representation of the histological heterogeneity in osteosarcoma.
Tissue Ablation with Multi‐Millimeter Depth and Cellular‐Scale Collateral Damage by a Femtosecond Mid‐Infrared Laser Tuned to the Amide‐I Vibration
Authors: Tian Kan , Xiang Maoxing , Wen Xiangyi , Guo Jinmiao , He Linzhen , Yu Peng , Han Jinghua , Peng Xu , Wang Fan , Zhang Lidan , Fu Zhizhuo , Chen Pengfan , Xie Jing , Wang Zhenzhou , Wan Zhongjun , Li Wenkai , Hu Bo , Wang Weizhe , Yang Xuemei , Ding Chunmei , Liu Yuan , Zeng Yi , Li Yang , Wu Han , He Changtao , Feng Guoying , Peng Yujie , Jiang Xian , Li Jianshu , Wang Qi Jie , Zhao Shengyu , Leng Yuxin , Liang Houkun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLaser ablation of bio‐tissues is the key technology of future surgeries, owing to the merits of submicron accuracy, non‐contact operation, and precision control assisted by automation and computer intelligence. Excellent efficiency, minimal collateral damage, biological safety, and tissue selectivity are the ideal parameters for delicate surgical applications. Here, by exploring the mid‐infrared (MIR) resonant ablation and the femtosecond cold processing, tissue ablation with multi‐millimeter depth and cellular collateral damage, enabled by a tabletop femtosecond MIR optical parametric amplifier operating at the amide‐I resonant wavelength of 6.1 µm, is demonstrated. Remarkably, the collateral damage is observed to be 15, <4, and <1 µm in the porcine cornea, sclera, and articular cartilage, respectively, with multi‐millimeter incision depth. In addition, preliminary proof‐of‐concept experiments of tissue‐selective ablation, microchannels on cartilage for drug delivery, laser glaucoma, keratotomy, neurologic tissue incision, dentin deep crater formation, and hypertrophic scarring ablation are demonstrated, which pave the way for high‐precision surgical applications with a tabletop solution.
Nanofibrous PAN‐PDMS Films‐Based High‐Performance Triboelectric Artificial Whisker for Self‐Powered Obstacle Detection
Authors: Varghese Harris , Priya K Vaishna , Hareesh Unnikrishnan Nair Saraswathy , Chandran Achu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAvoiding collisions is a key necessity for any autonomous mobile robot, and obstacle mapping enables them to maneuver in an uncharted area. In this era of the Internet of Things, with the emerging need for a multitude of sensors, adopting self‐powered technologies is more practically viable than batteries for powering the same. Herein, with the fabrication of a triboelectric artificial whisker (TAW), a self‐powered obstacle detection is demonstrated via tactile perception. The mechanical contact with the obstacle gives rise to an electrical signal from the TAW owing to the embedded triboelectric sensor. In addition, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and polydimethylsiloxane film, which facilitates this self‐powered artificial sensation, generates an output voltage of 720 V and current density of 5 mA m−2 with 1.7 W m−2 of maximum power delivery from a force of 10 N. The electro‐spinning aided enhancement in contact area of the PAN is responsible for the remarkable improvement in the performance of the TENG, 3.4 times enhancement in power density, when compared to the nonsurface‐modified ones. In addition, the TENG is able to charge commercial capacitors up to appreciable values and demonstrates powering different electronic gadgets such as calculators and thermometers.