bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consanguinity and hearing impairment in developing countries: a custom to be discouraged
Authors: Zakzouk Siraj 
Published: November 2002

Consanguineous marriage is a tradition which is commonly practised among Asian, African, and Latin American communities whether they are living in their own countries or settled in Europe or the USA.These communities, in addition to their custom of interrelated marriage, have large families and are a rapidly growing population. The siblings of consanguineous marriages have a significantly higher incidence of autosomal recessive diseases including hearing impairment.Two epidemiological surveys were carried out 10 years apart. There were 6 421 subjects from Riyadh City and 9 540 from all other parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A random sample was examined otologically and a questionnaire was filled in that included age, sex, family relation, number of siblings, etc. ENT examination and audiological assessment were performed. Consanguinity was found among 22 per cent as first cousins and 23 per cent as second cousins in the first survey. In the second survey 19 per cent were first cousins and 28 per cent second cousins. The rate of consanguinity was 45 per cent in the first survey and 47 per cent in the second. The prevalence of hereditary sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was 66.07 per cent and 36.6 per cent in the first and second survey respectively.The incidence of hereditary hearing impairment is very high in developing countries compared to developed countries. Prevention is essential to reduce the incidence of genetic hearing loss. Consanguinity should be discouraged through health education of the public about the adverse effect of interrelated marriage. Genetic counselling, premarital and antenatal screening are to be applied whenever possible, at least for those at risk of developing genetic diseases including hearing impairment.
How to compare results after surgery or radiation for localized prostate carcinoma
Authors: D'Amico Anthony V. 
Published: November 2002

In addressing the clinically relevant question regarding prostate specific antigen (PSA) outcome data in the study presented by Vicini and colleagues in this issue of Cancer, the author concurs with Vicini et al. that only a randomized trial powered to assess survival ultimately can answer the important question of the relative efficacy of surgery versus various forms of radiation therapy in the management of patients with localized prostate carcinoma. In addition, the author points out that one posttreatment clinical parameter, the posttreatment PSA doubling time, has emerged from both the surgical literature and the radiation literature as a potential candidate for predicting the likelihood of death from prostate carcinoma after primary treatment failure.See also pages 2126–35.
An interinstitutional and interspecialty comparison of treatment outcome data for patients with prostate carcinoma based on predefined prognostic categories and minimum follow‐up
Authors: Vicini Frank A. , Martinez Alvaro , Hanks Gerald , Hanlon Alex , Miles Brian , Kernan Ken , Beyers David , Ragde Haakon , Forman Jeffrey , Fontanesi James , Kestin Larry , Kovacs Gyorgy , Denis Louis , Slawin Kevin , Scardino Peter 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe optimal management of patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma remains undefined due in part to the absence of well‐designed, prospective, randomized trials. The current study was conducted to compare and contrast outcomes with different forms of therapy for patients with prostate carcinoma who were treated at several institutions using predefined prognostic categories.METHODSA retrospective study of 6877 men with prostate carcinoma who were treated between 1989 and 1998 at 7 different institutions with 6 different types of therapy was conducted. Five‐year actuarial rates of prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure were calculated based on predefined prognostic categories, which included combinations of pretreatment PSA level, tumor stage, and Gleason score. In addition, outcome was calculated using consistent biochemical failure definitions and a minimum, median length of follow‐up.RESULTSSubstantial differences in outcome were observed for the same type of treatment and at the same institution, depending on the number of prognostic variables used to define treatment groups. However, estimates of 5‐year PSA outcomes after all forms of therapy for low‐risk and intermediate‐risk patient groups were remarkably similar (regardless of the type of treatment) when all three pretreatment variables were used to define prognostic categories. For patients in high‐risk groups, the 5‐year PSA outcomes were suboptimal, regardless of the treatment technique used.CONCLUSIONSThe current data suggest that interinstitutional and interspecialty comparisons of treatment outcome for patients with prostate carcinoma are possible but that results must be based on all major prognostic variables to be meaningful. Analyzed in this fashion, 5‐year PSA results were similar for patients in low‐risk and intermediate‐risk groups, regardless of the form of therapy. Findings from prospective, randomized trials using survival (cause specific and overall) as the end point for judging treatment efficacy and longer follow‐up will be needed to validate these findings and to identify the most appropriate management option for patients with all stages of disease. Cancer 2002;95:2126–35. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10919
Potential marker of oral squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Miyamoto Ryozo , Uzawa Narikazu , Nagaoka Shunya , Nakakuki Koichi , Hirata Yasushi , Amagasa Teruo 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmplification of chromosome 11q13 is a frequent event in carcinogenesis of the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas including oral carcinoma.METHODSFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a BAC clone specific for the cyclin D1 gene (CCND1), was performed on specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) from 50 patients with primary oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs.).RESULTSThe CCND1 numerical aberration was identified in 21 (42.0%) of 50 patients with primary OSCCs. The CCND1 amplification was determined in 16 (32.0%) of these patients. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that all 21 tumors showing the CCND1 numerical aberration overexpressed the CCND1 protein. The CCND1 numerical aberration was associated significantly with histopathologic grading (P = 0.032), the mode of invasion (P = 0.047), the presence of cancer cells at the resection margin (P = 0.033), pathologic lymph nodestatus (P = 0.045), disease recurrence (P = 0.004), and survival (P = 0.004). The disease‐free and overall survival period of patients with the CCND1 numerical aberration was significantly shorter than that of patients without the CCND1 numerical aberration (P = 0.0016 and P = 0.0019, respectively). Moreover, a multivariate analysis showed that the CCND1 numerical aberration retained an independent prognostic value.CONCLUSIONSThe CCND1 numerical aberration is useful both as a prognostic indicator that is independent of the TNM classification, and an indicator to assist in determination of the appropriate treatment for patients with OSCCs. Analysis of the CCND1 numerical aberration using FISH on FNABs may be a useful and practical method for predicting aggressive tumors, recurrence, and clinical outcome in patients with OSCCs. Cancer 2002;95:2152–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10929
Treatment of patients with advanced or bulky Hodgkin disease with a 12‐week doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine‐like chemotherapy regimen followed by extended‐field, full‐dose radiotherapy
Authors: Djeridane Malika , Oudard Stéphane , Escoffre‐Barbe Martine , Lacotte‐Thierry Laurence , Desablens Bernard , Briére Jean , Dib Mamoun , Cassasus Philippe , Ghandour Christiane , Lamy Thierry , Lejeune Françoise , Simon Marc , Traullé Catherine , Vigier Magda , Maisonneuve Henri , Briére Josette , Colonna Pierre , Andrieu Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis Phase II study was performed in patients with advanced or bulky Hodgkin disease (HD) to evaluate the results of a 7‐drug chemotherapy (CT) regimen that was administered over 12 weeks according to 2 randomized modalities followed by high‐dose lymph node irradiation.METHODSFrom 1990 to 1996, 162 patients with HD at clinical stages (CS) I–III with bulky disease (mediastinal mass ratio ≥ 0.45 and/or unilateral or bilateral pelvic plus lumboaortic disease; 86 patients) or CS IV (76 patients) were randomized to receive the same cumulated dose of a CT regimen consisting of epirubicin (240 mg/m2), bleomycin (60 mg/m2), vinblastine (20 mg/m2), vincristine (4 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (4000 mg/m2), etoposide (900 mg/m2), and methotrexate (180 mg/m2) plus methylprednisolone (1500 mg/m2) over 12 weeks either every 4 weeks (Arm Y, 79 patients) or every 3 weeks (Arm Z, 83 patients). Patients with disease in complete remission (CR) or partial remission after CT received extended‐field lymph node irradiation (involved areas, 40 grays [Gy]; noninvolved areas, 30 Gy).RESULTSForty‐two percent of patients achieved a post‐CT CR, and 86% of patients achieved a CR after the completion of irradiation (there was no difference between Arm Y and Arm Z). Thirty‐five patients developed recurrent disease; most of those patients were in post‐CT partial remission. The 10‐year freedom from first progression rate was 63.9% (there was no difference between Arm Y and Arm Z). Thirty‐eight patients died: 24 patients from HD, 3 patients from CT‐related early sepsis, 1 patient from radiation‐induced pneumonitis, 6 patients from a second malignancy, and 4 patients from causes unrelated to treatment. The overall 10‐year survival rate was 76.7%. Survival was slightly higher among patients in Arm Y (83.3%) compared with patients in Arm Z (70.2%; P = 0.12).CONCLUSIONSNo differences were found when the same amount of CT was delivered in three courses or in four courses. In 1997, because most recurrences of the H90‐A/B trial occurred in patients who achieved a post‐CT partial remission, the authors decided to reinforce the intensity of the initial CT and designed a new randomized study comparing two modalities of more intensive CT plus consolidative radiotherapy (H97‐LM trial). Cancer 2002;95:2169–79. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10932
Breast, cervical, and colorectal carcinoma screening in a demographically defined region of the southern U.S.
Authors: Coughlin Steven S. , Thompson Trevor D. , Seeff Laura , Richards Thomas , Stallings Fred 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe “Southern Black Belt,” a term used for > 100 years to describe a subregion of the southern U.S., includes counties with high concentrations of African Americans and high levels of poverty and unemployment, and relatively high rates of preventable cancers.METHODSThe authors analyzed data from a state‐based telephone survey of adults age ≥ 18 years to compare the cancer screening patterns of African‐American and white men and women in nonmetropolitan counties of this region, and to compare those rates with those of persons in other southern counties and elsewhere in the U.S. The primary study groups were comprised of 2165–5888 women and 1198 men in this region interviewed through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The respondents lived in predominantly rural counties in 11 southern states with sizeable African‐American populations (≥ 24.5% of county residents). The main outcome measures were recent use of the Papanicolau (Pap) test, mammography, test for fecal occult blood in the stool (FOBT), and flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy.RESULTSBetween 1998–2000, 66.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] ± 2.7%) of 1817 African‐American women in the region age ≥ 40 years had received a mammogram within the past 2 years, compared with 69.3% (95% CI ± 1.8%) of 3922 white women (P = 0.066). The proportion of African‐American and white women who had received a Pap test within the past 3 years was similar (85.7% [95% CI ± 1.9%] vs. 83.4% [95% CI ± 1.5%]; P = 0.068]. In 1997 and 1999, 29.3% of African‐American women in these counties reported ever receiving an FOBT, compared with 36.9% in non‐Black Belt counties and 42.5% in the remainder of the U.S. Among white women, 37.7% in Black Belt counties, 44.0% in non‐Black Belt counties, and 45.3% in the remainder of the U.S. ever received an FOBT. Overall, similar patterns were noted among both men and women with regard to ever‐use of FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. Screening rates appeared to vary less by race than by region.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that adults in the nonmetropolitan South receive educational messages, outreach, and provider recommendations concerning the importance of routine cancer screening. Cancer 2002;95:2211–22. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10933
Hepatic intraductal oncocytic papillary carcinoma
Authors: Martin Robert C. G. , Klimstra David S. , Schwartz Lawrence , Yilmaz Asli , Blumgart Leslie H. , Jarnagin William 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere has been an increasing incidence and mortality from peripheral cholangiocarcinoma (PC) in the United States over the past 24 years. PC has been classified into two principal types, a mass‐forming type and a periductal‐infiltrating type, with a significant difference in the clinical behavior between the two. A third type, demonstrating a noninvasive intraductal growth of PC, was described as papillary PC. Rarely, papillary hepatic tumors composed of oncocytic cells have been described. Intraductal oncocytic papillary carcinomas (IOPCs) of the liver present as large, mucin‐filled, cystic lesions lined by noninvasive or focally microinvasive oncocytic tumors.METHODSFrom June 1999 to August 2001, three patients with hepatic IOPCs were identified in the files of the Hepatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, and the Department of Pathology at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center. They form the basis of this study. We report the clinicopathologic presentation, as well as the outcome, with a review of the literature.RESULTSAll three cases presented with well defined intrahepatic cystic masses ranging in size from 7.2 to 21.1 cm. The most prominent cells of the lining epithelium were columnar with oncocytic features showing abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and centrally located nucleoli. All three patients underwent resection with one demonstrating local bile duct recurrence that was managed with stenting. Review of the literature has identified 39 patients with papillary PC and 2 patients with IOPC. The biology of these reported cases has been variable with overall survival better than that of nonpapillary PC patients, with recurrence in 15% of the reported cases.CONCLUSIONPapillary PC is a rare type of cholangiocarcinoma that includes an interesting variant: IOPC. These tumors are predominantly found in men, who present with large (> 5 cm) mucinous cystic lesions of the bile duct. A noninvasive histology is seen, and long‐term survival may be achieved with complete resection. Invasive variants of IOPC have been reported in the literature and have a worse overall prognosis. Cancer 2002;95:2180–7. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10934
Neuropilin 1 and neuropilin 2 co‐expression is significantly correlated with increased vascularity and poor prognosis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Kawakami Tsutomu , Tokunaga Tetsuji , Hatanaka Hiroyuki , Kijima Hiroshi , Yamazaki Hitoshi , Abe Yoshiyuki , Osamura Yoshiyuki , Inoue Hiroshi , Ueyama Yoshito , Nakamura Masato 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDCell‐retained isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) have been reported to play an essential role in tumor progression through stromal neovascularization in malignant solid tumors. While more than 95% of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) expresses cell‐retained VEGF‐A isoform, the clinicopathologic implications of neuropilin (NRP), considered the specific receptor for limited types of VEGF‐A isoform, are not well understood.METHODSThe authors examined NRP1 and NRP2 mRNA expression in 68 NSCLCs and 15 extraneoplastic tissues by a densitometry–assisted, semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. The authors determined the distinct expression of NRPs using the expression level of NRPs relative by optical density to β2‐microglobulin. The authors also investigated VEGF‐A isoforms, their receptors, and the clinical implications. Vascularity of NSCLC was morphologically estimated on sections immunostained with anti‐CD34 antibody.RESULTSEleven of 15 extraneoplastic specimens showed NRP1 expression (73.3%) and 8 showed NRP2 expression (53.3%). The expression level of NRP1 or NRP2 of neoplasmic tissue was higher than that of extraneoplastic tissues (P < 0.01, Mann‐Whitney U test). Fifty‐five and 44 NSCLCs expressed NRP1 and NRP2, respectively. Forty patients co‐expressing NRP1 and NRP2 showed significantly poorer prognosis and increased vessel counts as compared to those 28 cases without co‐expression (P < 0.05, log‐rank test; P < 0.05, Mann‐Whitney U test).CONCLUSIONSThe co‐expression of NRP1 and NRP2 genes is significantly correlated with tumor progression through neovascularization in NSCLC. These results suggest that both NRP1 and NRP2 are key molecules for stromal vascularization by cell‐retained VEGF in NSCLC. Cancer 2002;95:2196–201. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10936
Effect of topical morphine for mucositis‐associated pain following concomitant chemoradiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Cerchietti Leandro C. A. , Navigante Alfredo H. , Bonomi Marcelo R. , Zaderajko Mariel A. , Menéndez Pablo R. , Pogany Catalina E. , Roth Berta M. C. 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDOral mucositis is the dose‐limiting toxicity for patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens for tumors of the head and neck area. Currently, the management of established mucositis includes the use of topical anesthetics and systemic analgesics. Based on the clinical evidence of pain alleviation by topical morphine in patients with some inflammatory and painful conditions, a clinical study was undertaken to determine this effect on mucositis‐associated pain.METHODSTwenty‐six patients with head and neck malignancies treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy for head and neck carcinoma who had severe painful mucositis (World Health Organization Grade 2 or higher) were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to morphine mouthwash (MO; 14 patients) or magic mouthwash (MG), a mixture of equal parts of lidocaine, diphenhydramine, and magnesium aluminum hydroxide (12 patients).RESULTSThe duration of severe pain was 3.5 days less in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.032). The intensity of oral pain was also significantly lower in the MO group compared with the MG group (P = 0.038). No patient in the MO group required third‐step opiates for alleviation of the mouth pain. There was a significant difference in duration of severe functional impairment (P = 0.017). Five patients in the MG group complained of local side effects and only one in the MO group (P = 0.007).CONCLUSIONSFor patients with head and neck carcinomas receiving concomitant chemoradiotherapy, MO is a simple and effective treatment to decrease the severity and duration of pain and the duration of functional impairment. Cancer 2002;95:2230–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10938
Prognostic potential of the telomerase subunit human telomerase reverse transcriptase in tumor tissue and nontumorous mucosa from patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Gertler Ralf , Rosenberg Robert , Stricker Dominik , Werner Martin , Lassmann Silke , Ulm Kurt , Nekarda Hjalmar , Siewert Joerg‐Ruediger 
Published: November 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe stabilization of telomere lengths by telomerase activation is an important step in carcinogenesis and cell immortalization. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic subunit of this enzyme. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis for the quantification of hTERT in tumor and nontumorous tissue samples.METHODSMatched samples of tumor and adjacent nontumorous mucosa samples from 57 patients with completely resected colorectal carcinoma (International Union Against Cancer Stage I–IV) who underwent complete resection (R0) were quantified for hTERT mRNA expression using real‐time RT‐PCR. The expression levels were correlated with histopathologic findings and with survival. The median follow‐up was 76 months.RESULTShTERT mRNA was expressed in all tumor samples and in all samples of adjacent mucosa. In 12 patients (21%), there was higher hTERT expression in tumor samples compared with nontumorous samples. Compared with tumor samples, the expression of hTERT in samples of nontumorous mucosa decreased with age (P= 0.06). hTERT mRNA expression in both tumor tissue and adjacent mucosa was correlated significantly with the histologic grade of colorectal carcinoma (P< 0.04 andP< 0.05, respectively). Patients with hTERT expression in tumor tissue in relation to the adjacent mucosa of > 0.57 had a significantly poorer overall survival compared with patients with lower hTERT ratios (P< 0.02). In addition to the established prognostic factor lymphatic vessel invasion, the hTERT ratio proved to be of independent prognostic value (P< 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe prognostic potential of hTERT in patients with colorectal carcinoma and the correlation of hTERT with tumor grade underlines the role of hTERT as a molecular marker for biologic tumor staging. Cancer 2002;95:2103–11. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10939