bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of two preparation designs on the fracture resistance and marginal adaptation of two types of ceramic crowns using CAD/CAM technology (In vitro study)
Authors: Ashour Akram Moomen , El-Kateb Mohamed Mahmoud , Azer Amir Shoukry 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Recently, prosthodontic approaches involve more conservative procedures that include less invasive finish line preparations that use less ceramic thickness.
Aim of the study:
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of vertical preparation and modified vertical preparation designs on the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of two types of ceramic crowns using CAD/CAM technology.
Materials and methods
Two typodont maxillary first premolars were embedded in acrylic resin. Forty positive replicas of epoxy resin dies were used that were divided into two groups depending on the preparation design (n = 20); Group V (Vertical): dies with feather edge finish line and Group MV (Modified vertical): dies with feather edge finish line, where a reverse shoulder of 1 mm depth was placed on the buccal surface 1.5 mm from the occlusal surface. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the type of ceramic material (n = 10): Subgroup Va and subgroup MVa for lithium disilicate (e.max CAD) and subgroup Vb and subgroup MVb for zirconia (zolid ht+). All crown restorations were fabricated using CAD-CAM technology. The marginal adaptation was measured before cementation and after cementation and aging using a stereomicroscope. To evaluate fracture resistance, each crown was placed under compressive load using a universal testing machine. Data was gathered and statistically analyzed.
Results
For Marginal adaptation (µm), there was no statistically significant difference shown between the study subgroups neither before cementation nor after cementation and aging. According to three-way ANOVA, there was no significant effect of the preparation design (p = 0.516) and material (p = 0.269) on the marginal adaptation with significant effect of the cementation (p < 0.0001). For Fracture resistance evaluation, results revealed a significant difference between study groups (p < 0.0001). According to two-way ANOVA test, Subgroup (MVb) showed the highest result followed by subgroup (Vb) and subgroub (MVa) and the least was subgroub (Va). The modes of fracture had no statistically significant difference among the four studied subgroups (p = .982).
Conclusions
Modified vertical preparation design could be a better conservative choice over other preparation designs.
A Novel Fuzzy Forest Health Index (FFHI) for Standardizing Stochastic Forest-Smart Mining
Authors: Sarkheil Hamid , Rostamian Emad , Rahbari Shahrokh , Lak Razieh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The pressing concerns associated with climate change underscore the critical need for environmental conservation and sustainable resource management. As technological and industrial advancements continue to drive an escalating demand for materials, the extraction of which often involves mining, the imperative to explore novel methodologies for assessing and mitigating the environmental impact of such operations becomes evident. This study proposes a novel approach utilizing fuzzy logic to calculate the Forest Health Index (FHI), introducing both a Fuzzy Constructive FHI and a Fuzzy Destructive FHI index, each ranging from 0 to 100. The disparity between these indices, ranging from − 100 to 100, elucidates the overall forest health index. The study employs the Sungun copper mine as a case study, situated within the Arasbaran environmental protected area, which necessitates the application of forest-smart mining regulations and policies. To examine the impact of mining operations on forest health, remote sensing is employed to identify potential porphyry copper mineralization areas and to visualize deforestation trends at the Sungun copper mine from 2008 to 2023. Vegetation indices are utilized to estimate the Forest Health Index (FHI) through remote sensing methodologies, incorporating a combination of expert opinions and guest numbers to assess variables influencing the FHI. Results indicate that the Forest Health Index (FFHI) for Sungun is 2.1, with maximum and minimum FFHIs observed in Merian (37.92) and Nimba Range Mineral Province (NRMP) (-25.7), respectively. The outcomes emphasize the importance of implementing forest-smart mining practices to mitigate the adverse effects of mining activities on the Arasbaran forest and promote conditions conducive to forest health.
Thermal Vibration of Nonhomogeneous Orthotropic Tapered Skew Plate
Authors: Lather Neeraj , Sharma Amit , Yadav Vijay K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In this article, an analysis is carried out on nonhomogeneous skew (orthotropic) plate with circular profile in thickness. One dimensional circular variation in density parameter along with bi-linear temperature profile is considered. The technique of Rayleigh-Ritz is implemented to solve the resultant frequency equation. Along with this, the convergence study of frequency modes on orthotropic skew plate, rectangle plate, square plate were conducted for different boundary conditions. The major conclusion made from the current research that the circular variation in thickness parameter reduces the variation in time period as compared to linear, exponential and parabolic variation in thickness.
Analysis of milling chatter stability and experimental study on cutting performance with discrete-edge end milling cutters
Authors: Dong baojuan , Yang Yuting , Song Ming , Gao Siyuan , Zheng Minli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Discrete-edge end milling cutters are a new type of tool that regularly grinds a certain number of chip breaking grooves on the circumferential edge. The original cutting state is changed due to the presence of chip breaking grooves. In order to further explore the milling performance of the type of tools, discrete-edge end milling cutters with chip breaking grooves are designed and simulated by using NUM software. Then, they are processed and ground by using SAACKE five axis grinding machine. Orthogonal milling experiments were established using aluminum alloy samples as the processing object and an end milling cutter of the same specification without chip breaking grooves as a control group. Combined with modal parameter identification experiments and milling force coefficient experimental data, time-domain analysis was used to solve the stability of the milling system and blade diagrams were drawn. In addition, vibration signals, milling forces and chip shapes were analyzed. The results show that the minimum limit axial cutting depth of the discrete-edge end milling cutters are about 20% higher than that of the conventional end milling cutter within the same radial cutting width and calculated spindle speed. It shows that the milling stable area of the discrete-edge end milling cutters are larger and have a wider scope of application. At the same time, due to the existence of the chip breaker, it can effectively break chips and facilitate chips removal.
A Silent Scream in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Akkaya Bilge , İnan Cihan , Ünlü İpen İlknur , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Bodur İlknur , Göktuğ Aytaç , Öztürk Betül , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Aydın Orkun , Özcan Ahmet Serkan , Güngör Ali , Tuygun Nilden 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients suspected of child abuse or neglect in the pediatric emergency department and to draw attention to this issue, which poses a great threat to the development of children. Between July 1, 2017 and July 1, 2022, the files of 851 patients who were admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary children's hospital without a trauma center and reported to the medical social services unit with a preliminary diagnosis of neglect and/or abuse were retrospectively scanned through the registry system. The patients' age, gender, time period when they were admitted to the hospital, reason for admission, presence of recurrent admission for different reasons suggestive of maltreatment, physical examination findings, forensic reports, management of the patients, and outcome were recorded. The patients were divided into five groups according to their victimization: physical, sexual and emotional abuse, neglect and Medical Child Abuse (MCA) - Munchausen by Proxy. A total of 371 children who were found to have been subjected to child maltreatment were included in the study. 222 (59.8%) of the patients were female and the median age was 161 months [IQR (46–192)]. 56.3% of the patients were in the adolescent age group. The most common admission time period was between 16.00 and 24.00, 163 (43.9%). 24.2% of the patients were exposed to physical abuse, 8.8% to sexual abuse, 26.1% to emotional abuse, 50.4% to neglect, and 3.2% to MCA. 108 (29.1%) patients were followed up as inpatients in the pediatric intensive care unit. 4 of the patients (1%) had cardiac arrest outside the hospital, and the deaths were in patients under 2 years of age. Conclusion: Pediatric emergency departments are the units most frequently visited by patients suffering from child maltreatment. Victimized children may try to make their silent screams heard through different clinical presentations. Babies are at the greatest risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries. Health professionals working in the emergency department have an important role in detecting, treating and preventing recurrence of child neglect and abuse. Emergency department physicians must be able to hear these screams of patients while struggling with the dense crowd.
Global burden, trends, and inequalities of atrial fibrillation and flutter among young adults from 1990 to 2019: a population-based study
Authors: Fu Huanjie , Zhao Yisheng , Yu Hao , Gan Yongkang , Chen Jinhong , Liu Zhichao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/AFL) represents a common, persistent arrhythmia. However, its impact on adults aged 25–49 years remains under-researched. This study aims to thoroughly evaluate the global burden and trends of AF/AFL over the past three decades (1990–2019) in the aforementioned age group, while also investigating health disparities linked to socioeconomic progress.
Methods: The incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of AF/AFL in young adults worldwide were analyzed, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Trends over the study period were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis. The study also explored variations in the AF/AFL burden related to the socio-demographic index (SDI) across different countries through health inequality analysis.
Results: According to GBD 2019 data, the global incidence, deaths, and DALYs of AF/AFL patients were 2,210,732 (95% UI, 1,444,894–3,250,516), 408,336 (248236–604689), 2,017 (1,798–2,306), and 275,258 (190,070–382,740), respectively. These figures represent 3.70%, 8.65%, 0.64%, and 3.28% of the total world population. Over the last three decades, the prevalence [AAPC = 0.42%, 95% CI (0.37%–0.47%)], incidence [AAPC = 0.31%, 95% CI (0.27%-0.35%)], years lived with disability (YLDs) [AAPC = 0.43%, 95% CI (0.38%–0.48%)], and DALY [AAPC = 0.48%, 95% CI (0.42%-0.53%)] rates of AF/AFL in young adults have exhibited increasing trends. Additionally, young adults in countries with higher SDI had disproportionate increases in AF/AFL burdens. Shifts in the inequality slope index for DALYs and the concentration index were detected in young adults with AF/AFL from 7.02 [95% CI (5.71–8.34)] in 1990 to 8.10 [95% CI (6.81–9.40)] in 2019 and from 13.25 [95% CI (11.54–14.97)] in 1990 to 12.33 [95% CI (10.49–14.18)] in 2019. In addition, shifts in the inequality slope indices for the prevalence and concentration indices were detected in young adults with AF/AFL from 68.49 [95% CI (55.44–81.54)] in 1990 to 83.54 [95% CI (70.45–96.62)] in 2019 and from 15.87 [95% CI (13.49–18.26)] in 1990 to 18.32 [95% CI (16.09–20.55)] in 2019.
Conclusions: In addition to the increase in the incidence, YLD, and DALY rates of AF/AFL in young adults worldwide in the last three decades, the degree of SDI-related inequality in different countries has shown an increasing trend. Therefore, wise resource allocation and effective strategy implementation should be taken into consideration by immune makers from different countries; thus, improving the global AF/AFL burden in young adults and addressing related health inequalities.
Cardiac Surgery During Wartime in Israel
Authors: Keizman Eitan , Jamal Tamer , Sarantsev Irena , Ram Eilon , Kogan Alexander , Raanani Ehud , Sternik Leonid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
A war in Israel started on 7 October 2023 and has affected all major tertiary centers in Israel. In the largest cardiac surgery department in Israel, there has been a surprising increase in the number of open-heart procedures, while approximately 50% of surgeons were recruited to military service. The purpose of this study is to characterize this increase in the number of procedures during wartime and to assess whether the crisis has affected the results.
Methods
Patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the first two months of the war were compared to the same period of the year before, namely from 7 October 2023 to 7 December 2022 and 2023.
Results
120 patients (43.6%) were operated on in 2022, and 155 (56.4%) during wartime in 2023. This signifies a 33.0% increase in open-heart procedures (109 in 2022 vs. 145 in 2023, p-value 0.26). There were no differences in baseline characteristics of patients in the two years and no differences in intraoperative characteristics, including also the type of surgery. However, compared to 2022, there was a 233% increase in the number of transplantations (p-value 0.24). The results during wartime were similar to those of 2022, including postoperative complications, length of stay, and mortality.
Conclusions
Patients who underwent cardiac surgery during wartime presented similar results to those of last year and, despite the significant increase in workload, had comparable outcomes. There was a notable increase in the number of transplants this year, attributed to the unfortunate increase in organ donors.
Association Between the γ-Glutamyltransferase–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and All-Cause Mortality in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study–Health
Authors: han heeyoun , Jung Dong Hyuk , Heo Seok-Jae , Lee Yong Jae 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The ratio of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a novel noninsulin-based marker for assessing the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is unclear whether the GGT/HDL-C ratio is related to all-cause mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal effect of GGT/HDL-C on all-cause mortality in a large cohort of Korean adults.
Methods
Data were assessed for 87,668 participants (25,767 men and 61,901 women) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study–Health Examinees cohort. These data were combined with the death certificate database from the National Statistical Office. The participants were divided into four groups according to GGT/HDL-C quartiles. We prospectively assessed hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality in the 11.7 years following the baseline survey using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models.
Results
During the follow-up period, 3,214 individuals (3.6%; 1,728 men and 1,486 women) died. The respective HRs (95% CIs) of mortality for GGT/HDL-C quartiles 2–4 were 1.15 (0.99–1.33), 1.50 (1.30–1.72), and 2.00 (1.72–2.32) in men and 1.22 (1.02–1.45), 1.37 (1.15–1.62), and 1.70 (1.43–2.02) in women after adjusting for confounders.
Conclusions
GGT/HDL-C may be a useful predictive marker for all-cause mortality in men and women.
HIF-PHI regulates the STING-TBK1-IRF3 signaling pathway and mediates macrophage polarization to alleviate renal interstitial fibrosis
Authors: Wang Menghua , Huang Xin , Zhang Chuanshu , Wan Pengzhi , Xu Tianhua , Zhai Xiaoyue , Yao Li 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor proline hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) may affect the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway by targeting the polarization of macrophages to prevent the progression of Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). However, the mechanism of action remains unclear.
Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in the clinical study with 30 each for control and RIF group. Kidney tissue and blood samples were collected and the expression of M1-type macrophage markers (MHC-II, CD86) and components of the STING pathway (STING, P-IRF3, IRF3), together with MCP-1/CCL2 and TNF-α were examined. THP-1 and HK-2 cells were treated with a STING pathway activator (SR-717) and inhibitor (H151). A mouse model of kidney fibrosis was also established to examine the effects of HIF-PHI.
Results: The expression levels of MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α, iNOS, CD86 and STING protein were significantly higher in RIF patients than controls. Treatment of THP-1 cells with SR-717 led to a significant increase in CD86, MHC-II, TNF-α , IL-6 and IFN-γ expression levels (P<0.05), while H151 had no effect (P>0.05). The expression of ECM deposition markers including α-SMA, fibronectin, and collagen IV was higher in TGF-β-induced HK-2 cells, but reduced following H151 treatment (P<0.05). HIF-PHI treatment of RIF mice led to a significant reduction in serum creatinine and blood urine nitrogen, CD86 and MHC-II, STING, α-SMA, collagen IV, and fibronectin expression levels (P<0.05).
Conclusions: HIF-PHIs reduced the infiltration of M1-type macrophages and release of inflammatory factors in the kidneys of mice through inhibition of the STING-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, thereby reducing kidney damage and ECM deposition.
Frictional Contact Mechanics for a Functionally Graded Porous Materials
Authors: Çömez İsa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the plane sliding contact problem of a functionally graded (FG) porous layer pressed by a rigid flat punch analytically. According to the actual behavior of the contact, the friction effect between the punch and the FG porous layer is considered. It is assumed that it is completely bonded to the rigid base from the lower surface of the porous layer. With the help of the Fourier transform, the governing equations were reduced to ordinary differential equations, and the expressions for the general stress displacement and the change in the volume fraction of the pores were derived. Using the problem's boundary conditions, the contact problem is reduced to a Cauchy-type singular integral equation of the second kind where the contact stress and the contact widths under the punch are unknown. The Gauss-Jacobi integration formula is utilized for the numerical solution of the singular integral equation. Numerical results for contact and in-plane stresses under the rigid punch are presented for various parameters as graphs.
Navigating Social Impact: Assessing Sustainability through UTAUT Model in India's Social Good Landscape
Authors: Arora Anisha , Siddhey Prashant kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research investigates the transformative impact of social media on driving positive societal change, focusing on users in Punjab within the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. The study, encompassing 422 participants, employs a combination of surveys, interviews, and social media interaction observations. Findings highlight social media's pivotal role in shaping decisions for social good, influenced by performance expectations, social influence, effort, and a conducive environment. Risk and attitude emerge as crucial factors connecting social media use to engagement in charitable initiatives. The research adds originality by contextualizing insights within the Punjab region, contributing significantly to the understanding of technology acceptance in the realm of social good. Quantitative techniques reveal patterns, while qualitative data undergoes thematic analysis for nuanced insights.
Microplastic contamination and risk assessment in salts from India
And Sri Lanka
Authors: Jamila Patterson -- , Radampola Kumudu , Kumara to Terney , Esmeralda Glen , Jeyasanta Immaculate , Sathish Narmatha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The pervasive contamination of the environment with microplastics (MP) poses a potential threat to food safety because MPs enter and move up the food chain. However, the impact of MPs on humans is limited. In this study, we analysed MP contamination of the commonly available brands of crystal and iodized powder salts from India and Sri Lanka. The abundance of MPs in Indian salt is higher (17.16 ± 8.81 items/kg) than in Sri Lankan salt (7.9 ± 6.2 items/kg). In both countries, a higher abundance of MPs is found for crystal salt (27 ± 7.12 items/kg, India; and 19 ± 9.53 items/kg, Sri Lanka). Fiber-shaped, black and white MPs with < 1 mm size were found to be dominant in both counties' salts. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed the polymer of MPs. PP and PE are found dominantly in both the Indian (56%, 24%) and Sri Lankan (42%, 28%) salt samples. Based on the hazard score of polymers, the chemical risk of salts was categorized as hazard levels Ⅱ (Sri Lanka) and Ⅳ (India). If a person consumes 5 g of salt a day (WHO), Indians will consume 0.085 MPs/day and 31.025 MPs/year, and Sri Lankans will intake 0.0395 MPs/day and 14.4175 MPs/year. The occurrence of MPs in the salts may be attributed to the use of contaminated water in salt production, the kind of production process employed, and packaging of the products.
The effects of BMP2 and the mechanisms involved in the invasion and angiogenesis of IDH1 mutant glioma cells
Authors: Xu Hui , Cao Yu , Ruan Jianqiao , Wang Fei , He Yuhong , Yang Lina , Yu Tian , Du Fang , Zhang Ningmei , Cao Xiangmei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the effect of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation (mutIDH1) on the invasion and angiogenesis of human glioma U87 cells.
Methods
Doxycycline was used to induce the expression of mutIDH1 in U87 cells. Transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to assess U87 cell migration and invasion. Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence were used to measure the expression levels of various proteins. The influence of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) on invasion, angiogenesis-related factors, BMP2-related receptor expression, and changes in Smad signaling pathway-related proteins were evaluated after treatment with BMP2. Differential gene expression and methylation analysis were also performed.
Results
Successful infection with recombinant lentivirus expressing mutIDH1 was demonstrated. The IDH1 mutation promoted U87 cell migration and invasion while positively regulating the expression of vascularization-related factors and BMP2-related receptors. BMP2 exhibited a positive regulatory effect on the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of mutIDH1-U87 cells, possibly mediated by BMP2-induced alterations in Smad signaling pathway-related factors. After BMP2 treatment, the differentially methylated sites in mutIDH1-U87 cells were mainly distributed in pathways related to cell cycle, cell proliferation, and transcriptional regulation. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses further confirmed the relevance of these pathways.
Conclusion
Mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 promotes the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of glioma U87 cells, through its effects on the BMP2-driven Smad signaling pathway. Additionally, BMP2 alters the methylation status of mutIDH1 glioma cells, with differentially methylated sites enriched in pathways related to proliferation, invasion, and vascular formation.