bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial organization and diet of the leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in north‐central Thailand
Authors: Grassman Lon I. , Tewes Michael E. , Silvy Nova J. , Kreetiyutanont Kitti 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe leopard catPrionailurus bengalensisis a relatively common, small felid ranging throughout Asia. During the past 15 years the natural history of leopard cats has been the topic of five studies; however, the mean sample size of study animals has been low (x = 6.8, range 4–10). We report on the most comprehensive study of leopard cats to date. Between June 1999 and February 2003, 20 leopard cats (14 males and six females) were radio‐collared and tracked from 3 to 20 months in Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand. Spatial organization of the leopard cats was characterized as weakly territorial with similar intrasexual range sizes and minimal seasonal variation. Mean (±sd) annual home‐range (95% minimum convex polygon) size for males was 12.4 km2(n= 1211 locations, ± 7.1, range 2.2–28.9), whereas females exhibited a mean home‐range size of 14 km2(n= 470, ± 12.2, range 4.4–37.1). Core area (50% minimum convex polygon) averaged 2.0 km2, and the mean 1‐day movement was 1298 m (± 981, range 35–8653). Habitat use was generally in proportion to occurrence, and the mean activity (52%) was arrhythmic with crepuscular and nocturnal peaks. Analysis of scats indicated that murids dominated leopard cat diet.
Measures of dung bolus size for known‐age African elephants (Loxodonta africana): implications for age estimation
Authors: Morrison Thomas A. , Chiyo Patrick I. , Moss Cynthia J. , Alberts Susan C. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe availability of a population of mostly known‐age African elephants Loxodonta africana from Amboseli National Park, Kenya, provided a unique opportunity to assess the use of dung bolus diameter for estimating age. A predictive equation for estimating dung bolus diameters from elephants of known age was derived and was found to follow the typical growth pattern exhibited by changes in shoulder height and foot length. The relationship between measurements of dung bolus and age was particularly strong when growth rates were high (age 0–25 years). The dung bolus growth curve from Amboseli elephants was similar to that derived from another wild population of African elephants, suggesting that dung bolus diameter can be used to assess age structure in areas where it is impossible to construct independent prediction curves of age and dung bolus.
Seasonal changes in the testis, accessory glands and ejaculate characteristics of the southern hairy‐nosed wombat, Lasiorhinus latifrons (Marsupialia: Vombatidae)
Authors: Taggart D. A. , Shimmin G. A. , Ratcliff J. R. , Steele V. R. , Dibben R. , Dibben J. , White C. , Temple‐Smith P. D. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractMost mammals exhibit seasonal variation in the reproductive capacity of one or both sexes. While the female southern hairy‐nosed wombat Lasiorhinus latifrons is a known seasonal breeder, the extent of seasonality in the male has not been documented. To examine this, gross body measurements including scrotal diameter and the dimensions of the accessory gland bulge were recorded and male reproductive tracts were examined between 1993 and 2000. Testes, epididymides and accessory glands from all males were dissected free of connective tissue and weighed. In addition, matched semen samples were collected over four time points in 2000 corresponding to the breeding season (September), immediately post‐breeding season (November), during the non‐breeding season (January), and immediately before the onset of the next breeding season (June) as determined from female reproductive status. Semen was collected by electro‐ejaculation and analysed for volume, sperm number and motility characteristics. Ejaculate volume, total ejaculate sperm number, percentage motile sperm, and the sperm motility rating and index were all significantly elevated in September and significantly lower in November and January. This correlated with a significant increase in body weight, peri‐cloacal gland width, and the weights of the prostate, Cowper's glands, urethral bulb and crus penis. The data confirm that male reproduction in the southern hairy‐nosed wombat, like that of the female, is highly seasonal with a peak in reproductive capacity occurring in August–September and a reduction by November.
The History of Astrophysics in Antarctica
Authors: Indermuehle Balthasar T. , Burton Michael G. , Maddison Sarah T. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe examine the historical development of astrophysical science in Antarctica from the early 20th century until today. We find three temporally overlapping eras, each having a rather distinct beginning. These are the astrogeological era of meteorite discovery, the high energy era of particle detectors, and the photon astronomy era of microwave, submillimetre, and infrared telescopes, sidelined by a few niche experiments at optical wavelengths. The favourable atmospheric and geophysical conditions are briefly examined, followed by an account of the major experiments and a summary of their results.
A Photometric Study of the Newly Discovered Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable SDSS J040714.78–064425.1
Authors: Ak T. , Retter A. , Liu A. , Esenoğlu H. H. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractWe present the results obtained from unfiltered photometric CCD observations of the newly discovered cataclysmic variable SDSS J040714.78–064425.1 made during seven nights in 2003 November. We establish the dwarf nova nature of the object as it was in outburst during our observations. We also confirm the presence of deep eclipses with a period of 0.17017 ± 0.00003 d in the optical light curve of the star. In addition, we found periods of 0.166 ± 0.001 d and possibly also 5.3 ± 0.7 d in the data. The 0.17017 d periodicity is consistent within the errors with the proposed orbital period of 0.165 and 0.1700 d. Using the known relation between the orbital and superhump periods, we interpret the 0.166 and 5.3 d periods as the negative superhump and the nodal precession period respectively. SDSS J040714.78–064425.1 is then classified as a negative superhump system with one of the largest orbital periods.
The Design of a Storage Server for Continuous Media
Authors: Lougher P. , Shepherd D. 
Published: April 2005

Abstract
The increasing use of multimedia in computing is demanding more powerful computer hardware and system software. In particular, the stringent demands placed on multimedia file servers are unable to be satisfied by current magnetic disk technology or by current file systems techniques. This paper describes the design and implementation of a file server which has been specially optimized for continuous media. The critical performance issues which this paper addresses are the use of disk striping to provide high bandwidth, optimized disk layouts, hard real-time disk scheduling to ensure stream storage and retrieval guarantees are met, and a user interface to support high level multimedia abstractions.
Validation of Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Dietary Macronutrients and Calcium Intake in Italian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Bertoli Simona , Petroni Maria Letizia , Pagliato Emanuela , Mora Stefano , Weber Giovanna , Chiumello Giuseppe , Testolin Giulio 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTObjectives:To validate a food frequency questionnaire to determine calcium and macronutrient intake in healthy children and adolescents.Materials and Methods:The questionnaire consisted of 16 main food groups containing the main foods composing the diet of Italian children, a total of 136 items and 23 questions about food habits, supplements and servings. Color photographs to identify serving size were included. The questionnaire was validated by comparing it with the 7‐day weighed record method in 37 healthy volunteers in two different age groups: children aged 6 ‐ 10 years (n = 18) and adolescents aged 16 ‐ 20 years (n = 19).Results:The food frequency questionnaire seemed to overestimate the nutrient intake when compared with 7‐day weighed records; however the two methods were highly correlated for all the nutrients considered. The range of Pearson's correlations between energy and nutrient intake (protein, fat, carbohydrates and calcium) determined from food frequency questionnaire and 7‐day weighed record were 0.5‐0.6 in children and 0.5‐0.8 in young adults. Agreement between the two methods in classifying relative intakes was examined by determining the frequency of similar classification into terciles. Two thirds of the subjects were correctly classified for most nutrients, with a very low (2% to 5%) percentage of grossly misclassifications.Discussion:The food frequency questionnaire has proved adequate to rank a pediatric population in terms of calcium and macronutrient intakes. The ranking of subjects is extremely useful for epidemiologic studies evaluating the relation between nutrient intake and disease.
Treatment Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children: Is In Vitro Susceptibility Testing Helpful?
Authors: Faber Joseph , Bar‐Meir Maskit , Rudensky Bernard , Schlesinger Yechiel , Rachman Elena , Benenson Shmuel , Sirota Gisela , Stankiewic Halina , Halle David , Wilschanski Michael 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTBackground:Treatment regimens for Helicobacter pylori have variable success rates, and data comparing effectiveness with respect to strain sensitivity are relatively scarce.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of two treatment regimens for eradication of H. pylori and the impact of bacterial susceptibility testing.Study Design:265 children endoscopically diagnosed with H. pylori infection were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole + amoxicillin with clarithromycin or omeprazole + amoxicillin with metronidazole. Bacterial culture and susceptibility was performed in a subgroup. Eradication was assessed by 13C‐urea breath test.Results:Eradication was achieved in 73.4% by omeprazole + amoxicillin with metronidazole and in 62.6% by omeprazole + amoxicillin with clarithromycin (P = 0.078). H. pylori was cultured successfully in 105 patients. Resistance to metronidazole was detected in 31.4% of the isolates and resistance to clarithromycin in 15%. Eradication rate by omeprazole + amoxicillin with metronidazole for metronidazole‐susceptible bacteria (N = 38) was 90%, and for resistant bacteria (N = 19) it was 42%. Only 75% of clarithromycin‐sensitive strains were successfully treated by omeprazole + amoxicillin with clarithromycin, and none of the cases with clarithromycin‐resistant strains responded to omeprazole + amoxicillin with clarithromycin treatment.Conclusion:There is a trend of greater efficacy of eradication with omeprazole + amoxicillin with metronidazole versus omeprazole + amoxicillin with clarithromycin therapy. Although resistance negatively influences eradication, first‐line sensitivity‐based treatment would be expected to improve this rate only slightly. Susceptibility testing should probably be reserved only for treatment failures.
Long‐Term Outcome of Intractable Ulcerating Enterocolitis of Infancy
Authors: Thapar Nikhil , Shah Neil , Ramsay Alan D , Lindley Keith J , Milla Peter J 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTBackground:Chronic enterocolitis is rare in infancy and accounts for less than 0.5% of all newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the UK. Presentation at this young age is usually indicative of underlying immunodeficiency/immunodysregulation. A group of such infants suffer intractable ulcerating enterocolitis of infancy (IE) in which there is a pan‐enteritis with marked oro‐anal involvement and deep flask like mucosal ulcers throughout the colon.Methods:Retrospective review of presenting features, treatment and long‐term outcome in a series of 8 children with typical IE.Results:The 8 children were aged between 1 and 4 weeks at onset (median 2 weeks, mean 2.3 weeks), of which 7 were followed up for 2‐22 years (median 7.5 years, mean 11 years). All 8 children had an intractable disease course requiring a colectomy for control of symptoms. The median age at colectomy was 1.7 years (range 4 months‐4 years). Three children developed a generalised lymphadenopathy due to uncontrolled EBV‐related lymphoid proliferations (ages 4, 12, 18). These comprised a monomorphous B‐lymphoycte lympho‐proliferative disorder, a large pleomorphic follicular lymphoma, and a high grade pleomorphic B cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma.Conclusions:Infants with IE have a high risk of developing lymphomatous proliferations that appears to be related to the underlying immunodysregulation. Use of aggressive immunosuppression and acquisition of EBV infection appears to accelerate this process; hence we advocate early colectomy in confirmed cases. In children with IE screening for EBV and vigilance for abnormal lymphoid proliferations is paramount.
Overweight Children and Adolescents: A Clinical Report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
Authors: Baker Susan , Barlow Sarah , Cochran William , Fuchs George , Klish William , Krebs Nancy , Strauss Richard , Tershakovec Andrew , Udall John 
Published: April 2005

ABSTRACTChildhood overweight and obesity are major health problems with immediate and long‐term consequences of staggering magnitude. Despite this, there are few preventive and therapeutic strategies of proven effectiveness available to public health and clinical practitioners. Accruing such evidence is currently and appropriately a health policy priority, but there is an urgent need to intervene even before comprehensive solutions are fully established. The aim of this Clinical Report on Overweight Children and Adolescents is to present information on current understanding of pathogenesis and treatment of overweight and obesity. We report on the epidemiology, molecular biology and medical conditions associated with overweight; on dietary, exercise, behavioral, pharmacological and surgical treatments; and on the primary prevention of overweight in children and adolescents.
International multicentre trial protocol to assess the efficacy and safety of tenecteplase during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: The Thrombolysis in Cardiac Arrest (TROICA) Study
Authors: Spöhr F. , Arntz H. R. , Bluhmki E. , Bode C. , Carli P. , Chamberlain D. , Danays T. , Poth J. , Skamira C. , Wenzel V. , Böttiger B. W. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractPrehospital cardiac arrest has been associated with a very poor prognosis. Acute myocardial infarction and massive pulmonary embolism are the underlying causes of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in 50–70% of patients. Although fibrinolysis is an effective treatment strategy for both myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, clinical experience for this therapy performed during resuscitation has been limited owing to the anticipated risk of severe bleeding complications. The TROICA study is planned as one of the largest randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of prehospital thrombolytic therapy in cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin. Approximately 1000 patients with cardiac arrest will be randomized at approximately 60 international study centres to receive either a weight‐adjusted dose of tenecteplase or placebo after the first dose of a vasopressor. Patients can be included if they are at least 18 years, presenting with a witnessed cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac origin, and if either basic life support had started within 10 min of onset and had been performed up to 10 min or advanced life support is started within 10 min of onset of cardiac arrest. Primary endpoint of the study is the 30‐day survival rate, and the coprimary endpoint is hospital admission. Secondary endpoints are the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), survival after 24 h, survival to hospital discharge, and neurological performance. Safety endpoints include major bleeding complications and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage.
Antithrombotic effect of a new nitric oxide donor (LA419) on experimental thrombogenesis
Authors: Hernandez M. R. , Tonda R. , Arderiu G. , Pino M. , Serradell M. , Escolar G. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground  The ability of nitrous compounds to donate nitric oxide (NO), an agent with vasodilating and inhibitory effects on platelet function, has been considered a useful pharmacologic strategy for cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a new NO donor, LA419, on platelet interaction in an ex vivo model with human blood circulating through collagen‐rich surfaces.Materials and methods  Platelet adhesive and cohesive function were analyzed by morphometric procedures after perfusion techniques. Treated blood was exposed to thrombogenic surfaces and platelet interactions were morphometrically evaluated.Results  All the concentrations studied of LA419 (10 µM, 20 µM and 100 µM) reduced overall platelet interaction with a collagen surface (27·19 ± 4·72; 25·52 ± 3·52; and 23·44 ± 3·01, P < 0·05, respectively, vs. 32·31 ± 1·61% in the control). The antithrombotic effect was confirmed by results in cross‐sectional studies performed in arterial vessels exposed to circulating blood. Values of thrombus and covered surface at 20 µM LA419 were, respectively, 13·67 ± 4·97% and 19·01 ± 5·89%; respect to controls 34·80 ± 5·29% and 37·93 ± 5·34% (P < 0·05). Moreover, LA419 reduced significantly thrombus area (88·45 ± 21·97 µm2; P < 0·05) with respect to controls (168·45 ± 21·97 µm2) and thrombus height, from an average of 10·27 ± 1·05 µm in nontreated blood to 7·16 ± 0·6 µm in treated samples (P < 0·05).Conclusion  From the present data we can conclude that LA419 possesses a strong antiplatelet action, as demonstrated by its ability to significantly inhibit the interaction of platelet with highly thrombogenic collagen surfaces.
Glomerular hyperfiltration in type 1 diabetes mellitus results from primary changes in proximal tubular sodium handling without changes in volume expansion
Authors: Vervoort G. , Veldman B. , Berden J. H. M. , Smits P. , Wetzels J. F. M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractBackground  Glomerular hyperfiltration plays a role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. An increase in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could result from primary actions at the glomerular/vascular level or could be the consequence of a primary increase in proximal tubular sodium reabsorption resulting in systemic volume expansion. Recently it was hypothesized that an increase in sodium reabsorption may lead to glomerular hyperfiltration through the tubulo‐glomerular feedback mechanism (tubular‐hypothesis) without volume expansion.Design  We have studied 54 normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes. The GFR was measured by inulin clearance. Proximal and distal sodium reabsorption were calculated according to standard formulas using the free water clearance technique. Plasma volume, measured by the 125I‐albumin method, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the second messenger cyclic guanosine‐3,5‐monophosphate (c‐GMP) were used as markers of extracellular volume expansion.Results  Glomerular hyperfiltration (GFR ≥ 130 mL min−1 1·73 m−2) was present in 14 out of 55 patients with diabetes (25%). There were no differences in plasma volume between normo‐(NF) and hyper‐filtrating (HF) patients (2933 ± 423 in NF vs. 3026 ± 562 mL in HF, NS). Also plasma ANP and c‐GMP levels were not significantly different between the groups. The fractional proximal reabsorption of sodium was significantly increased in HF [fPRNa+ (%) 90·1 ± 2·0 vs. 91·5 ± 1·6, P = 0·02]. There were no differences in distal sodium reabsorption or distal sodium load (≈ macula densa concentration of NaCl) in both groups.Conclusions  Our data suggest that the primary event in diabetic glomerular hyperfiltration is an increase in proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. They do not support the hypothesis that systemic volume expansion or ANP mediate glomerular hyperfiltration in patients with normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetes. As such, changes in tubular sodium handling most probably influence tubulo‐glomerular feedback.
Ecological and historical filters constraining spatial caddisfly distribution in Mediterranean rivers
Authors: BONADA NÚRIA , ZAMORA‐MUÑOZ CARMEN , RIERADEVALL MARIA , PRAT NARCÍS 
Published: April 2005

Summary1. Contemporary species distributions are determined by a mixture of ecological and historical filters acting on several spatial and temporal scales. Mediterranean climate areas are one of the world's biodiversity hotspots with a high level of endemicity, which is linked to complex ecological and historical factors.2. This paper explores the ecological and historical factors constraining the distribution of caddisfly species on a large regional scale. A total of 69 taxa were collected from 140 sampling sites in 10 Iberian Mediterranean river basins. Approximately 74% of taxa can be considered rare, with the southern basins (the Baetic–Riffian region) having greater endemicity. The greatest richness, involving a mixture of northern and southern species, was found in the transitional area between the Baetic–Riffian region and the Hesperic Massif.3. The historical processes occurring during the Tertiary (i.e. the junction of the Eurasian and African plates) explained 3.1% of species distribution, whereas ecological factors accounted for 20.7%. Only 0.3% was explained by the interaction of history and ecology. A set of multi‐scale ecological variables (i.e. basin, reach and bedform characteristics) defined five river types with specific caddisfly assemblages. The commonest caddisfly species accounted for the regional distribution pattern, while rare taxa contributed to the explanation of subtle patterns not shown by common species.4. Despite the importance of historical factors for biogeography and the large scale used in our study, ecological variables better explained caddisfly distribution. This may be explained by the length of time since the historical process we are considering, the high dispersion and colonisation capacity of many caddisfly species, and the strong environmental gradient in the area. Because of the historical and environmental complexity of Mediterranean areas, rare taxa should be included in ecological studies so that the singularity of these ecosystems is not missed.
Top‐down and bottom‐up impacts of juvenile fish in a littoral reed stand
Authors: OKUN NILS , LEWIN WOLF‐CHRISTIAN , MEHNER THOMAS 
Published: April 2005

Summary1. Research has often focused on pelagic food chains and processes of lakes; less is known about the contribution of benthic energy flows to whole‐lake ecosystem energetics. This stems from the fact that the shoreline and littoral habitats, which provide a key linkage between sediment and water column, have only recently become a significant focus for study.2. This study aimed to quantify the feeding and phosphorus allocation of a juvenile fish community in a littoral zone of a shallow lake in response to the biomass succession of the invertebrate prey community. Habitats comprising reed and adjacent open water were sampled over two consecutive years during day and night.3. Although there were substantial year‐to‐year differences in the biomass of invertebrates, the fish community composition, diet consumption rates and phosphorus allocations were very similar in both study years. Biomasses and predation impacts by juvenile fish on prey groups were substantially higher within the reeds than in the adjacent open water habitat. This may be explained by the refuge‐seeking behaviour of the fish.4. In general, invertebrates were negligibly influenced by fish feeding, with the exception for a strong top‐down control of large cladocerans. In response to the resulting low Daphnia biomass, fish were forced to switch to a higher degree of benthivory. Consequently, juvenile fish in littoral reed stands may shift benthic‐derived energy and phosphorus via the excretion of soluble reactive phosphorus into the open water.