bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric Ulcer Formation after the Hanshin‐Awaji Earthquake: A Case Study of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Stress‐Induced Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Matsushima Yumi , Aoyama Nobuo , Fukuda Haruhiko , Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Todo Akio , Himeno Seiichi , Fujimoto Sotaro , Kasuga Masato , Nakase Hiroshi , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: March 2003

Background. Both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and various stresses are known to induce peptic ulcer disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, the pathogenetic relationship between the two factors has not yet been clarified. We conducted a case‐control study to examine whether H. pylori infection played a role in the development of gastric ulcer (GU) induced by life‐event stresses that were experienced after the Hanshin‐Awaji earthquake.Materials and Methods. Serum samples from patients in the devastated area who developed GUs during the 2 months following the Hanshin‐Awaji earthquake and those from GU patients in the same area during the corresponding period of the previous year, and from gender‐, age‐ and institute‐matched ulcer‐free controls were tested for the presence of the H. pylori IgG antibody.Results. A significant association between H. pylori infection and the development of GU in uninjured patients was observed in all sets [matched odds ratio (OR) = 3.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.95–5.35]. Moreover, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients who developed GUs after the earthquake was not different from that for GU patients in the previous year. In contrast, there was no association between H. pylori infection and the development of GU in the physically injured patients after the earthquake.Conclusions. H. pylori infection may play an important role in the development of GUs that are induced by emotional life‐event stresses.
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Length of Stay in a Nursing Home
Authors: Regev Arie , Fraser Gerald M. , Braun Marius , Maoz Eran , Leibovici Lenard , Niv Yaron 
Published: March 2003

Background. Helicobacter pylori infection appears to be contracted mainly in childhood, and it is associated with disadvantaged socioeconomic conditions, overcrowding, and living in institutions. In this study we determined the seroprevalence of H. pylori among elderly patients (age ≥ 70 years) admitted to a major medical center in Israel, and studied the relationship between seroprevalence of H. pylori and the duration of stay in a nursing home prior to the admission.Patients and Methods. Whole blood from 182 consecutive patients hospitalized at the Rabin Medical Center was tested for the presence of anti‐H. pylori IgG using Helisal Rapid Blood Test kit (Cortecs Diagnostics). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the relation between H. pylori seropositivity and possible predictive factors such as age, gender and duration of stay in a nursing home.Results. Of the 182 patients included in the study, 80 (44%) were living in nursing homes (NH) and 102 (56%) were living in their own homes (H) prior to admission. Subjects that stayed in nursing homes for more than 15 months were significantly more likely to be seropositive than subjects with a shorter duration of stay (84% and 63% respectively, p = 0.03). Using a multivariate logistic regression analysis on both the NH group and the whole group, seropositivity was found to be significantly associated with duration of stay in a nursing home ( p = 0.03 and p = 0.01 respectively). Seropositivity was not associated with age in either group.Conclusions. Living in a nursing home is associated with increased risk for H. pylori infection in the elderly. There is a strong correlation between the duration of stay in a nursing home and the prevalence of H. pylori infection.
Antigenic Mimicry Between Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Mucosa: Failure to Implicate Heat‐Shock Protein Hsp60 Using Immunoelectron Microscopy
Authors: Taylor Diane E. , Fedorak Richard N. , Sherburne Richard 
Published: March 2003

Background. Helicobacter pylori infection induces autoantibodies that cross‐react with human gastric mucosa from infected individuals. Candidates for the antigens responsible for molecular mimicry causing autoreactivity include the heat‐shock protein HspB (Hsp60, sometimes called Hsp54) or Lewis x and Lewis y carbohydrate antigens.Objective. Our goal was to investigate the involvement of HspB (Hsp60) in autoreactivity between H. pylori and gastric biopsy tissue.Materials and Methods. Immunoelectron microscopy was used to study cross‐reactivity among biopsy tissues from a patient with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer and his own serum as well as reactivity with serum raised against HspB from H. pylori and monoclonal antibodies against Lewis antigens.Results. The patient serum reacted with gastric mucosa, and the antibodies involved were predominantly IgG. Antibody raised to H. pylori HspB (Hsp60) reacted only with H. pylori cells but not with gastric mucosal tissue. In contrast, monoclonal antibodies specific for Lewis x and Lewis y antigens reacted with both H. pylori and human gastric epithelial tissue.Conclusions. Hsp60 (Hsp54) is unlikely to be involved in autoreactivity seen in individuals infected with H. pylori. In contrast, we could not rule out the role of Lewis x and Lewis y carbohydrate antigens, expressed as a component of H. pylori lipopolysaccharides, in molecular mimicry and autoantibody production.
Clinical and Pathological Importance of cagA‐Positive Helicobacter pylori Strains in Children with Abdominal Complaints
Authors: Korzon Maria , Sikorska‐Wiśniewska Graz·yna , Jankowski Zbigniew , Kur Józef , Banach Piotr 
Published: March 2003

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori strains possessing cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA) in children and the intensity of clinical complaints and morphological changes of the gastric mucosa.Materials and Methods. A group of 80 children with gastrointestinal complaints was included in this study. Pathologists examined mucosal biopsy specimens from these patients. The urease test and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR) were used to identify H. pylori strains.Results. In the group of children infected with cagA‐positive H. pylori strains, fourth‐degree gastritis was more frequent than in the group with cagA‐negative H. pylori colonization. In histopathological assessment, infection with cagA‐positive H. pylori was associated also with higher grades of inflammatory intensity and activity.Conclusions. Marked inflammation of the antral mucosa was significantly more frequent in children infected with cagA‐positive H. pylori than in those infected with cagA‐negative H. pylori, as assessed endoscopically and histopathologically. No specific symptoms for cagA‐positive and cagA‐negative H. pylori infection were observed.
Different Helicobacter pylori Strains Colonize the Antral and Duodenal Mucosa of Duodenal Ulcer Patients
Authors: Thoreson Ann‐Catrin E. , Hosseini Nosrat , Svennerholm Ann‐Mari , Bölin Ingrid 
Published: March 2003

Background. We have investigated the possibility that the same patients may be colonized by Helicobacter pylori strains of different genotypes or phenotypes in the antrum as compared to in the duodenum. The strains were typed for DNA fingerprints, different lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and Lewis antigen expression on the O–side chains of LPS.Materials and Methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications using primer sequences (i.e., the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus [ERIC]) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) elements were performed to asses chromosomal DNA diversity between H. pylori strains. The expression of different LPS types and Lewis antigens in the various H. pylori isolates were determined by whole bacterial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays using monoclonal antibodies.Results. Duodenal ulcer patients had different H. pylori genotypes in the duodenum as compared to in the antrum as shown by ERIC‐PCR (44%) and by RAPD‐PCR (75%). Different DNA patterns were found among the strains that were isolated from various regions of the duodenum in 4 of 16 patients (25%) as shown by ERIC‐PCR and in 8 of 16 patients (50%) as shown by RAPD‐PCR. Sixty‐three percent of the duodenal ulcer patients had H. pylori strains with a different Lewis antigen phenotype in the duodenum as compared to in the antrum, and 3 of 16 patients (19%) had strains with different Lewis antigens expressed by strains from different duodenal biopsies from the same patient.Conclusion. The results suggest that a mixed population of different H. pylori strains with marked variation, both genotypically and phenotypically, colonize the same patient.
Characterization of a Culture Method to Recover Helicobacter pylori from the Feces of Infected Patients
Authors: Dore Maria P. , Osato Michael S. , Malaty Hoda M. , Graham David Y. 
Published: March 2003

Background. Helicobacter pylori is difficult to culture from stool. Multiple efforts from multiple laboratories have been unsuccessful, and the optimal conditions to recover H. pylori from stool are still not known. Recovery of H. pylori from feces of infected individuals is important for the performance of molecular epidemiological investigations, especially in children, where their symptoms do not warrant endoscopy to recover the organism.Methods. Fresh fecal specimens (noncathartic) were obtained from 19 known H. pylori–infected patients and were processed to recover the organism. Fresh fecal specimens (noncathartic) were also obtained from three known H. pylori–negative individuals (controls) to determine whether H. pylori could be isolated from stools seeded with known concentrations of the organism. Treatment of the fecal suspensions with cholestyramine, a basic anion exchange resin that binds bile acids, was used in an attempt to enhance recovery of H. pylori by sequestering bile acids that are inhibitory to H. pylori growth. H. pylori was identified based on colony morphology, cell morphology, Gram's stain, biochemical reactions, and polymerase chain reaction for two H. pylori genes.Results. Among 19 patients, H. pylori was cultured at least once from 3 and three times from 2 (5 of 19). Feces that were seeded with H. pylori and obtained from three H. pylori–negative volunteer controls yielded positive recovery in all instances.Conclusion. We have confirmed that it is possible to culture H. pylori from human stool, but the procedure for optimal recovery has still not been defined.
Helicobacter pylori in School Children From the Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando Neluka , Perera Nelun , Vaira Dino , Holton John 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBackground.  Little is known about the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Sri Lanka and nothing is known about its prevalence in children. Therefore the prevalence of H. pylori in a group of school children in Sri Lanka was determined.Materials and Methods.  The presence of H. pylori colonisation was determined by detection of faecal antigen and salivary antibody (IgG) by enzyme immuno assay, in 184 children aged between 5 and 19 years, in the Western Province‐Colombo district of Sri Lanka.Results.  Overall, only 12/184 (6.5%) had detectable H. pylori antigen in their stools and were considered infected with H. pylori, while 51/184 (27.7%) had H. pylori IgG in saliva. H. pylori salivary IgG declined with age while H. pylori antigen detection increased with age. H. pylori infection, as determined by salivary antibody (66%), was greater in children living in overcrowded conditions, although this was not statistically significant.Conclusion.  The prevalence of H. pylori among school children in Sri Lanka was 6.5% by detection of faecal antigen and 27.7% by detection of salivary antibody, respectively. Initial infection with H. pylori appeared to occur in early childhood whilst active disease began in late childhood. Overcrowding appears to facilitate the transmission of the organism. Overall the prevalence of H. pylori was low in Sri Lanka compared with other countries in South‐east Asia.
The Relationship Between Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and the Prevalence of Primary Helicobacter pylori Resistance
Authors: Perez Aldana L. , Kato M. , Nakagawa S. , Kawarasaki M. , Nagasako T. , Mizushima T. , Oda H. , Kodaira J. , Shimizu Y. , Komatsu Y. , Zheng R. , Takeda H. , Sugiyama T. , Asaka M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackground. Primary and acquired resistance to the antimicrobial agents is a primary reason for the failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. We assessed the primary antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori to three different antibiotics and its relationship due to the annual antibiotic consumption in Japan during the period prior to approval of anti‐H. pylori therapy in Japan.Materials and Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the agar dilution method for clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole. Isolates were considered resistant when the MIC value was > 8 mg/l for metronidazole, > 1 mg/l for clarithromycin and < 0.5 mg/l for amoxicillin.Results. Helicobacter pylori isolates were obtained from 593 Japanese patients from 1995 to 2000. Primary resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxicillin was found in 11%, 9% and 0.3% strains, respectively. The proportion with clarithromycin resistance significantly increased from 7% in 1997–98 to 15.2% in 1999–2000 (p = .003). During the same period the metronidazole resistance rate also increased from 6.6% in 1997–98 to 12% in 1999–2000 (p = .02). The prevalence of clarithromycin and metronidazole was related to the annual consumption of these antimicrobial agents.Conclusion. Resistance rates for both clarithromycin and metronidazole appear to reflect the annual consumption of these agents. The high rate of clarithromycin resistance in Japan suggests that the effectiveness of clarithromycin‐based therapies may be compromised in the near future.
Preventive Effects of Cladosiphon Fucoidan Against Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Shibata Hideyuki , Iimuro Masaki , Uchiya Naoaki , Kawamori Toshihiko , Nagaoka Masato , Ueyama Sadao , Hashimoto Shusuke , Yokokura Teruo , Sugimura Takashi , Wakabayashi Keiji 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBackground. Recently, the acquisition by Helicobacter pylori of resistance to antibiotics has become a serious problem. Therefore, nonantibiotic substances are required to diminish H. pylori‐induced gastric lesions. In the present study, the effects of Cladosiphon fucoidan were examined in terms of H. pylori attachment to porcine gastric mucin in vitro and Helicobacter pylori‐induced gastritis in vivo.Methods. The inhibitory effect of Cladosiphon fucoidan and other polysaccharides on H. pylori attachment to porcine gastric mucin was assayed in vitro with mucin‐coated microtiter plates. The effect of Cladosiphon fucoidan on H. pylori‐induced gastritis was examined in vivo using Mongolian gerbils. H. pylori‐inoculated gerbils were given fucoidan in drinking water. Six weeks after H. pylori‐inoculation, gerbils were sacrificed for macroscopic and microscopic examination of gastric lesions and counting of viable H. pylori in the gastric mucosa.Results. Cladosiphon fucoidan inhibited the H. pylori attachment to porcine gastric mucin at pH 2.0 and 4.0. Two other sulfated polysaccharides, Fucus fucoidan and dextran sulfate sodium, also inhibited the attachment but only at pH 2.0. Inhibitory effects of these three sulfated polysaccharides were not observed at pH 7.2 and nonsulfated polysaccharides, such as mannan and dextran, exerted no influence at any pH. In the in vivo experiment, the H. pylori‐induced gastritis and the prevalence of H. pylori infected animals were markedly reduced by fucoidan in a dose‐dependent manner, at doses of 0.05 and 0.5% in the drinking water.Conclusion. Cladosiphon fucoidan may deserve particular attention as a safe agent that can prevent H. pylori infection and reduce the risk of associated gastric cancer.
Genomics of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Thompson Lucinda J. , De Reuse Hilde 
Published: March 2003

AbstractDuring this review period, we have definitely entered into the genomic era. The Helicobacter pylori studies reported here illustrate the use of most of the technologies currently available to globally interrogate the genome of a pathogen. Global analysis of the gene content of H. pylori strains gives insight into the extent of its genetic diversity and its in vivo evolution. Our understanding of the particularities of H. pylori as a gastric pathogen colonizing a unique niche has been improved by studies aimed at: (i) the identification of H. pylori‐specific genes; (ii) the establishment of correlations between the presence of one or a group of genes (or proteins) with clinical outcome; and (iii) the analysis of global regulatory circuits or responses to the extracellular signals. The response of host cells to H. pylori infection will be developed in the chapter ‘H. pylori and gastric malignancies’ by Sepulveda and Coehlo. Despite our knowledge of the H. pylori genome, the function of about one third of its total proteins is still unknown. Functional genomics are straightforward approaches for the identification of new gene functions or metabolic pathways as well as for the understanding of cellular processes and the detection of new virulence factors. In silico studies combined with experimental work will undoubtedly continue to develop. To date, the expansion of proteomics with refinements in mass spectrometry technology has illustrated that through immunoproteomics and comparative studies, relevant novel antigens can be identified. Genomics not only provides invaluable information on H. pylori but also opens new perspectives for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
An Integrated Psychosocial‐ Spiritual Model for Cancer Pain Management
Authors: Otis‐Green Shirley , Sherman Rhonda , Perez Martin , Baird Reverend Pamela 
Published: March 2003

purpose: Cancer pain is known to be a multidimensional and complex experience that can cause severe suffering and can lessen quality of life. The psychosocial and spiritual aspects of cancer pain play an important role in this phenomenon. This article describes a multidisciplinary model for cancer pain management that focuses on the psychosocial and spiritual aspects of cancer pain and the needs of patients.description of program: This multidisciplinary model has been organized to provide the most effective pain management to a variety of patients within a comprehensive cancer center. Our model includes multiple oncology mental health professionals, including psychologists, social workers, spiritual care providers, and psychiatrists. Each discipline provides a unique assessment and an evaluation of the needs of patients with cancer pain and their support system that is integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan. Regular collaboration occurs between disciplines to ensure that the patients receive optimal pain management.clinical implications: This model provides a framework from which treatment interventions can be implemented. The emphasis on consistent collaboration between disciplines is a vital component in providing effective cancer pain management. This multidisciplinary psychosocial‐spiritual model can be replicated, modified, or both, to become standard practice in other comprehensive cancer centers.
Options in the Treatment of Chemotherapy‐Induced Emesis
Authors: Pendergrass Kelly B. 
Published: March 2003

PURPOSE: The incidence and duration of chemotherapy‐induced emesis,pathophysiology of the emetic response, and antiemetic treatment of options are reviewed. OVERVIEW: Nausea and vomiting are among the most common and debilitating side effects of cancer chemotherapy. If not controlled, these side effects may interfere with the delivery of potentially life‐saving treatment. Acute, delayed, and anticipatory nausea and vomiting may be prevented by appropriate antiemetic therapy. Drug selection is based on the emetogenicity of the patient's cancer treatment and potency of the antiemetic agent. Efficacy and safety of the antiemetic regimen are often improved by combining agents with different mechanisms of action. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: By preventing and controlling chemotherapy‐induced emesis, clinicians may improve cancer patients' functional status and quality of life significantly. Improved tolerability may lead to greater patient acceptance of chemotherapy and prevent premature withdrawal from or cessation of treatment. Controlling chemotherapy‐induced emesis also helps to decrease the direct and indirect costs of managing cancer.
Family Reports of Cancer Pain, Pain Relief, and Prescription Access
Authors: Bucher Julia A. , Trostle Georgia Brown , Moore Michelle 
Published: March 2003

purpose
: The authors 1) describe family caregiver reports of degree of pain, pain relief, and prescription access in persons with advanced cancer during the last 4 weeks of life and 2) test for differences according to geographic location and care setting.
description of study
: A randomized, stratified sample of 375 caregivers was produced from a list of all state residents who died of cancer in 1994. Written informed consent was received from 170 family caregivers (46%) who were then interviewed by telephone. Caregiver responses regarding pain intensity, pain relief, prescription access, and care setting were analyzed.
results
: Eighty‐six percent (n = 147) of caregivers reported that pain was a problem, and 61% (n = 103) recalled a great deal to quite a bit of pain compared with 25% (n = 44) who recalled some or little pain. The mean degree of pain was 2.23 (SD ± 1.32) on a scale of 1 (a great deal) to 5 (no pain). Of 140 caregivers reporting pain relief data, 46% (n = 64) reported that interventions either stopped the pain or that pain became much better, whereas 54% (n = 76) reported that interventions made the pain a little better, had no effect, or made it worse. The overall mean of pain relief was 2.62 (SD ± .87) on a scale of 1 (usually stopped the pain) to 5 (made it worse). Greater degrees of pain were associated with reports of less pain relief (r = −19; P = .02). No differences in pain or pain relief were found across county type or patient care setting. Caregivers in the institution‐only group (n = 18) recalled lower degrees of pain and the home‐only group (n = 61) reported the most pain relief. Many in this latter group were served by hospice and home health nurses, and only 4% of the entire sample were served by physicians alone. Notably, 12% (n = 21) of the sample reported problems filling prescriptions. Of these, half had difficulty obtaining medicine because it was “not available.” A total of 48 problems with prescription access were found that were distributed evenly across county types and patient care settings.
clinical implications
: Findings suggest that caregiver reports about the degree of pain or the effectiveness of pain interventions do not vary by residence or care setting at the end of life. Pain relief is moderate at best. Health professionals in all patient care settings should routinely address the issue of obtaining and paying for prescriptions, and local cancer pain task forces should be formed to advocate for better pain relief. An additional solution is to equip families with problem‐solving skills specific to cancer pain.