bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of mean platelet volume and bone marrow megakaryocytopoiesis in thrombocytopenic dogs: 60 cases (1984-1993)
Authors: Sullivan Patrick S. , Manning Kendra L. , McDonald T. P. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 60 thrombocytopenic dogs in which platelet volume analysis was performed between 1984 and 1993 were reviewed. Information collected from the records included signalment, mean platelet volume, the clinical pathologist's assessment of the adequacy of the megakaryocyte population in the bone marrow, and the causes of thrombocytopenia. In all dogs, the bone marrow aspirate had been collected within 48 hours of platelet volume analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of using platelet volume analysis (mean volume ≤ 12.00 μm3 vs mean volume > 12.00 μm3) as a test for bone marrow megakaryocyte response (adequate vs inadequate) in thrombocytopenic dogs was determined. Sensitivity was 88%, specificity was 80%, predictive value of a positive test was 96%, and predictive value of a negative test was 57%. Results suggested that megathrombocytosis in a thrombocytopenic dog was a good predictor of adequate bone marrow response (normal or hyperplastic bone marrow megakaryocyte population); however, a mean platelet volume ≤ 12.00 μm3 in thrombocytopenic dogs was not strongly predictive of inadequate bone marrow response.
Productivity and profitability differences between pseudorabies-infected and pseudorabies-noninfected farrow-to-finish swine herds
Authors: Miller G. Y. , Forster D. L. , Tsai J. , Bowman G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Productivity and economic effects of pseudorabies were estimated for a mean-size, farrow-tofinish swine enterprise. A Delphi technique was used to elicit productivity effects from an expert panel. Enterprise budgets for pseudorabies-infected and noninfected herds were constructed by use of these productivity estimates, as well as by use of economic data from secondary sources. Data examined to determine effects on productivity included preweaning, nursery, and growing/ finishing pig mortality; breeding hog mortality; feed conversion; labor; and veterinary services and medication expenses. Results indicated that profitability was lowered in infected herds by approximately $6/cwt of swine produced.
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema in dogs and cats: 26 cases (1987-1993)
Authors: Drobatz Kenneth J. , Saunders H. Mark , Pugh Charles R. , Hendricks Joan C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 23 dogs and 3 cats treated for noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (npe) resulting from airway obstruction (n = 8), cranial trauma (7), electric shock (7), or seizures (4) between 1987 and 1993 were reviewed. There were 18 purebred dogs, 5 mixed-breed dogs, 2 domestic shorthair cats, and 1 Siamese. Sixteen animals were male, and 10 were female. All but 7 were less than 1 year old. Time between the inciting incident and onset of respiratory tract signs ranged from minutes to several hours. Respiratory distress was the primary clinical sign for all animals with npe resulting from airway obstruction, cranial trauma, or seizures, and for 2 of the 7 animals with npe resulting from electric shock. The only consistent clinicopathologic abnormality was hyperglycemia, which was detected in 12 animals. Arterial blood gas partial pressures were measured in 11 animals; 10 were hypoxemic. On thoracic radiographs, the predominant pattern of pulmonary infiltration was alveolar. Symmetry of involvement, which was assessed by examining dorsoventral or ventrodorsal radiographic projections, could be determined for 23 animals. In 18, involvement was asymmetric, and in 13 of those 18, the right side was predominantly involved. On lateral radiographic projections, the caudodorsal quadrant of the lung field was involved primarily or as part of a diffuse distribution in all but 1 animal. Generally, animals with npe resulting from airway obstruction had the greatest degree of radiographic involvement, followed in decreasing order, by animals with npe resulting from cranial trauma, animals with npe resulting from seizures, and animals with npe resulting from electric shock. Overall, 9 animals died. Four of the 8 animals with npe resulting from airway obstruction and 2 of the 7 animals with npe resulting from cranial trauma died or were euthanatized because of the severity of the pulmonary compromise. One animal with npe resulting from electric shock developed seizures and died. Two of the 4 animals with npe resulting from seizures were euthanatized because of the underlying cause of the seizures. Overall, 20 of the 26 animals were discharged, died, or were euthanatized within 48 hours of admission to the hospital.
Case-control study of risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia in horses
Authors: Austin Scott M. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Hungerford Laura L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Risk factors for development of pleuropneumonia were determined by reviewing medical records of 45 horses with pleuropneumonia and 180 control horses examined between Jan 1, 1980 and Jan 1, 1990. Factors considered included age, breed, sex, occupation, transport farther than 500 miles within the previous week, racing within the previous 48 hours, viral respiratory tract infection or exposure to horses with viral respiratory tract disease within the previous 2 weeks, and vaccination against influenza or rhinopneumonitis within the previous 6 months. Results indicated that Thoroughbreds were at a greater risk of developing pleuropneumonia than were other horses, and Standardbreds were at a reduced risk. Transport farther than 500 miles and viral respiratory tract disease or exposure to horses with respiratory tract disease were determined to be risk factors for the development of pleuropneumonia.
Paraneoplastic bullous stomatitis in a horse
Authors: Williams Mary Amelia , Dowling Patricia Mary , Angarano Donna Walton , Yu Anthony Alexander , DiFranco Brad Joseph , Lenz Stephen Dana , Anhalt Grant James 
Published: December 2023

Bullous stomatitis is uncommon in horses. Differential diagnoses include autoimmune disorders, erythema multiforme, drug reactions, and various viral diseases.
Systemic signs directly caused by the remote effects of malignancy are referred to as paraneoplastic syndromes.
Intravascular and peritoneal coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses with acute gastrointestinal tract diseases
Authors: Collates Chrysann , Barton Michelle H. , Prasse Keith W. , Moore James N. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, endotoxin activity, and albumin concentration were measured in blood and peritoneal fluid from 20 healthy horses and from 153 horses with acute gastrointestinal tract diseases at admission. Overall, 77% (117/153) of affected horses survived to discharge from the hospital, and 85% (82/97) of horses discharged were reported to be normal 9 to 14 months later. Significant differences in hemostatic factors were more common in peritoneal fluid than in blood. Tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen, protein C, antithrombin III, and α2-arunliplasmin activities and concentrations of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in peritoneal fluid from horses with colic, and, with the exception of fibrinogen concentration, were associated with detection of endotoxin. Higher values for these variables, except tissue plasminogen activator activity, were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with survival. Plasminogen, antithrombin III, and α2-antiplasmin activities were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in peritoneal fluid from horses with inflammatory or strangulating lesions, compared with those in horses with simple colic. Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 activity, fibrin degradation products concentration, and prothrombin time were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the blood of horses with colic. Survival was inversely associated with significantly (P < 0.0.5) greater intravascular concentrations of fibrin degradation products and fibrinogen and prothrombin time. This study revealed marked contrasts between peritoneal and intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis in horses with colic, indicating that inferences regarding the peritoneal environment, particularly with respect to fibrinolytic capacity, should not be made on the basis of factors measured in blood.
Repeat laparotomy for gastrointestinal disorders in cattle: 57 cases (1968-1992)
Authors: Blikslager Anthony T. , Anderson Kevin L. , Bristol David G. , Fubini Susan L. , Anderson David E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A study was conducted to investigate indications for, typical findings during, and outcome of repeat laparotomies in 57 cattle with gastrointestinal disorders. Cattle were grouped according to the reason the initial laparotomy had been performed. Group-1 cattle (n = 46) had had left or right displacement of the abomasum (lda or rda) or right volvulus of the abomasum. Group-2 cattle (n = 10) had had ruminal, reticular, or abomasal obstruction or perforation. Group-3 cattle (n = 7) had had obstruction, volvulus, distention, or perforation of the small or large intestine.
Median interval between laparotomies was 1 month (range, 1 day to 38 months). Intraoperative findings during repeat laparotomy in group-1 cattle included lda (n = 18), rda (9), right volvulus of the abdomen (5), pneumoperitoneum (1), diffuse abdominal adhesions (1), cecal adhesions (1), adhesions of the rumen to the body wall (1), abscess in the cranial portion of the abdomen (1), reticular adhesions (1), localized necrosis (1), and idiopathic rumen distention (1). Intraoperative findings during repeat laparotomy in group-2 cattle included abscess in the cranial portion of the abdomen (4), no abnormalities (1), distended rumen (1), ruptured abomasum (1), recurrent abomasal impaction (1), diffuse abdominal adhesions (1), and pyloric fat necrosis (1). Intraoperative findings during repeat laparotomy in group-3 cattle included lda (3), rda (1), cecal volvulus (1), anastomotic rupture (1), and impacted colocolostomy (1).
Seven cows and 1 calf underwent additional repeat laparotomies. Forty-four (77%) of the 57 cattle were discharged following final laparotomy. Fourteen of the 20 group-1 cattle, 1 of the 6 group-2 cattle, and 2 of the 3 group-3 cattle for which follow-up information was available were productive after repeat laparotomy.
Ultrasonography of the brain and vertebral canal in dogs and cats: 15 cases (1988-1993)
Authors: Gallagher Jack G. , Penninck Dominique , Boudrieau Randy J. , Schelling Scott H. , Berg John 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 3 cats and 12 dogs with lesions of the brain (3 cats, 2 dogs) or vertebral canal (10 dogs) that underwent intraoperative ultrasonography were reviewed. Ultrasonography was performed after craniotomy, a ventral slot procedure, or laminectomy, using a real-time sector scanner with a 7.5- or 10-MHz transducer. In the 3 cats and 2 dogs with brain lesions, cerebral masses were hyperechoic, compared with normal brain, and were easily located. In the 2 dogs, ultrasonography was necessary to localize deep-seated cerebral lesions that could not be seen following craniotomy. In 7 dogs that underwent a ventral slot procedure because of prolapse of an intervertebral disk, ultrasonography was successfully used to assess completeness of disk removal. The remaining 3 dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy because intradural enlargement of the spinal cord (1 dog) or an intradural mass (2 dogs) could be seen myelographically. In the 2 dogs with intradural masses, intraoperative ultrasonography helped to delineate the extent of the tumor. In the third dog, spinal cord swelling was seen ultrasonographically; the histologic diagnosis was spinal cord edema.
Accuracy of clinicians in predicting site and type of lesion as well as outcome in horses with colic
Authors: Blikslager Anthony T. , Roberts Malcolm C. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To assess the ability of clinicians to predict the site and type of lesion as well as outcome in horses with colic.

Design—
Prospective case study.

Sample population—
139 horses admitted for evaluation of signs of colic.

Procedure—
Six interns and residents examined horses with colic and predicted the segment of intestine that was affected, the type of lesion, and whether the horse would survive to discharge. Accuracy of prediction of site and type of lesion and survival prediction was compared between the first and second halves of the year, using X2 analysis and 95% confidence intervals on sensitivity and specificity. X2 Analysis was used to assess accuracy between predicted site and type of lesion and intraoperative or necropsy findings and to assess accuracy between predicted survival and actual outcome.

Results—
Significant association existed between predicted segment of affected intestine or type of lesion and intraoperative findings (P < 0.05). There was a significant association between predicted survival and outcome (P < 0.001). Accuracy of survival prediction improved significantly (P = 0.002) during the year.

Clinical Implications—
Clinicians can accurately predict horses with colic that will survive surgery on the basis of clinical impressions. The ability to predict those horses that will survive improves with training.
Evaluation of liver function tests in neonatal calves
Authors: Pearson Erwin G. , Dirksen Gerrit , Meyer Joachim , Seitz Adolf , Rowe Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To evaluate the efficacy of tests for hepatic disease in young calves

Design—
Prospective case-control study.

Animals—
28 clinically normal calves and 47 calves with histologically proven hepatic disease.

Procedure—
Liver function tests and serum activity of liver-derived enzymes were determined on 28 clinically normal calves at birth and at 2 weeks of age. These values were compared with the results from 47 calves with hepatic disease verified by histologic examination. Upper limit of confidence interval was determined for the results on the clinically normal calves, and Student's t-test was used to identify significant differences in the data from calves of various age-groups.

Results—
None of the results of the common tests for liver damage or function (measurement of bilirubin, γ-glutamyltransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase [
gmd], alkaline phosphatase, L-Iactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, or alanine transaminase) were clinically useful when used alone for detection of hepatic disease in calves less than 6 weeks old. Sensitivity of γ-glutamyltransferase,
gmd, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase as indicators of hepatic disease in this population of calves was 0, 59, 80, and 9%, respectively. Direct bilirubin (sensitivity, 87%) was more sensitive than total bilirubin (sensitivity, 66%). Serum enzyme activity of most enzymes (P < 0.01), total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.001), and sulfobromophthalein sodium clearance half-life were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in newborn calves than in 2-week-old calves.

Clinical Implications—
Clinical findings that indicate hepatic disease in calves that are less than 6 weeks old could be confirmed by measurement of serum activity of
gmd or concentrations of total serum bile acids or direct bilirubin. Percutaneous liver biopsy may still be needed and may provide the most information.
Inheritance of cystinuria and renal defect in Newfoundlands
Authors: Casal Margret L. , Giger Urs , Bovee K. C. , Patterson D. F. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To describe clinical features, characterize metabolic renal abnormalities, and evaluate mode of inheritance of cystinuria in Newfoundlands.

Design
Prospective study.

Animals
Two families of Newfoundlands including 11 dogs with dysuria, stranguria, or obstruction attributable to cystine calculi.

Procedure
Urinalysis and nitroprusside spot tests were performed to evaluate cystinuria in the affected dogs. All calculi were analyzed by crystallography. Amino acid concentrations in urine and plasma of affected dogs were compared with those in clinically normal related dogs. Renal fractional excretion and reabsorption of amino acids were determined in 5 affected Newfoundlands.

Results
Nine dogs had pure cystine calculi in the bladder, and 4 of these had renal cystine calculi. Affected dogs persistently excreted excessive amounts of cystine (> 500 nmol/mg of creatinine; reference = 54 ± 38 nmol/mg of creatinine) and had typical cystine crystals in acidic urine. Urinary excretion of ornithine, lysine, and arginine was also high. Dogs with cystinuria had complete lack of reabsorption and active secretion of cystine, and reabsorption of lysine, ornithine, and arginine was moderately impaired. Although clinical signs of urinary obstruction were observed only in males, cystinuric male and female offspring were produced from noncystinuric parents, consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Obligate heterozygotes did not have clinical signs, and had normal urinary cystine content and renal amino acid reabsorption.

Clinical Implications
Because detection of carriers by routine urinalysis is currently not possible, Newfoundlands with cystinuria and their parents and offspring should be excluded from breeding.
Use of a modified toggle pin for repair of coxofemoral luxation in dogs with multiple orthopedic injuries: 14 cases (1986-1994)
Authors: Beckham Huey P. , Smith Mark M. , Kern Douglas A. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To develop modifications of the toggle pin procedure for use as a ligament of the head of the femur (LHF) prosthesis and to assess outcomes when used for coxofemoral luxation (CFL) in dogs with multiple orthopedic injuries.

Design
Retrospective case series.

Sample Population
14 dogs with CFL as a component of orthopedic polytrauma.

Procedure
Modifications to previous descriptions of the technique for use of a toggle pin for LHF prosthesis included deletion of the osteotomy of the greater trochanter in 12 of 16 joints with CFL, drilling of the femoral tunnel from a distal-to-proximal direction, deletion of a second femoral bone tunnel for suture placement, and use of a 2-hole polypropylene button to secure the LHF prosthetic suture.

Results
Mean age at time of injury, weight, and duration between injury and definitive surgery was 4.1 ± 1.1 years, 19.7 ± 2.8 kg, and 5.8 ± 2.7 days, respectively. Weightbearing began 3.0 ± 0.4 days after surgery. Mean postoperative follow-up period for dogs with maintained coxofemoral reduction of longer than 1 month (n = 13) was 19.5 ± 6.1 months. Owners reported good or excellent clinical results, which were confirmed by semi-quantitative assessment methods. Radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease were minimal. There was no significant difference between hind limbs when comparing mid-thigh limb circumference at the time of follow-up examination.

Clinical Implications
A modified toggle pin procedure for LHF prosthesis can maintain coxofemoral reduction and allow early weightbearing in dogs with coxofemoral luxation as a component of multiple orthopedic injuries.
Surgical treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs: 90 cases (1983-1993)
Authors: Buback Janice L. , Boothe Harry W. , Hobson H. Phil 
Published: December 2023

Objective—
To determine factors associated with long-term outcome in dogs with tracheal collapse treated with extraluminal polypropylene C-shaped stents.

Design—
Retrospective case series.

Animals—
90 dogs.

Procedure—
Medical records of dogs with surgically treated tracheal collapse were reviewed. Follow-up was obtained either by recheck at the veterinary teaching hospital only (n = 10) or by telephone interviews with referring veterinarians and owners (n = 35), referring veterinarians alone (n = 23), or owners alone (n = 16). The χ2 test was used to determine which factors were associated with long-term outcome.

Results—
11 breeds were represented. Yorkshire Terriers, Poodles, and Pomeranians were most common. Median age at the time of surgery was 6.8 years. Median weight was 2.9 kg. Severity of collapse ranged from grade II to grade IV. Dogs < 6 years old had more severe collapse than did dogs ≥ 6 years old. Dogs ≥ 6 years old had more postoperative complications and a poorer long-term outcome than did dogs < 6 years old. 17 dogs required permanent tracheostomy, 10 within 24 hours after surgery.

Clinical Implications—
Surgical placement of extraluminal polypropylene C-shaped stents was an effective method of attenuating clinical signs of tracheal collapse. Dogs < 6 years old had more severe tracheal collapse but did better after surgery than did dogs ≥ 6 years old. U Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:380-384)
Evaluation of dogs and cats with tumors of the ear canal: 145 cases (1978-1992)
Authors: London Cheryl A. , Dubilzeig Richard R. , Vail David M. , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Hahn Kevin A. , Brewer William G. , Hammer Alan S. , O'Keefe Deborah A. , Chun Ruthanne , McEntee Margaret C. , McCaw Dudley L. , Fox Leslie E. , Norris Alan M. , Klausner Jeffery S. 
Published: December 2023

Objective
To characterize the frequency, clinical signs, biologic behavior, and response to treatment of tumors of the ear canal in dogs and cats.

Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.

Animals
Medical records of 81 dogs (48 malignant tumors, 33 benign tumors) and 64 cats (56 malignant tumors, 8 benign tumors).

Procedure
Data were analyzed for cats and dogs with malignant tumors, and risk factors were analyzed for their potential impact on survival time.

Results
Malignant tumor types most commonly reported included ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and carcinoma of undetermined origin. Median survival time of dogs with malignant aural tumors was > 58 months, whereas that of cats was 11.7 months. A poor prognosis was indicated by extensive tumor involvement (dogs) and by neurologic signs at time of diagnosis, diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or carcinoma of undetermined origin, and invasion into lymphatics or blood vessels (cats).

Clinical Implications
Malignant tumors of the ear canal in dogs and cats have a propensity for local invasion, but tend not to metastasize. Squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma of undetermined origin were the most locally aggressive tumors. Malignant tumors of the ear canal are best managed by aggressive surgical excision. Radiotherapy may be useful when tumors cannot be completely removed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1413-1418)