bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MRI white matter hyperintensities, 1H‐MR spectroscopy and cognitive function in geriatric depression: a comparison of early‐ and late‐onset cases
Authors: Murata Tetsuhito , Kimura Hirohiko , Omori Masao , Kado Hirotsugu , Kosaka Hirotaka , Iidaka Tetsuya , Itoh Harumi , Wada Yuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesGeriatric depression is often thought to differ from that at other times of adulthood. Recently, several studies have shown that the incidence of white matter hyperintense lessions identified by brain MRI is higher in patients with geriatric depression than in healthy elderly subjects, but a consensus has not yet been reached on the relationship between the severity of white matter lesions and either cognitive impairment or depressive symptoms.MethodForty‐seven patients aged 50 to 75 years with major depression were divided into two groups based on age at onset of depression: early‐onset (< 50 years) group (20 patients; mean age, 62.7 ± 6.7) and late‐onset (≥50 years) group (27 patients; mean age, 65.6 ± 5.4). The severity of hyperintense white matter lesions on MRI was classified by region, then a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) focusing on the white matter of the frontal lobes, multidimensional neuropsychological tests and evaluation of depressive symptoms were conducted.ResultsThe severity of the deep white matter lesions, the deterioration of cognitive function related to subcortical/frontal brain system and clinician‐rated depressive symptoms were all more pronounced in the late‐onset group compared with those in the early‐onset group. It was further observed that the more severe the deep white matter lesions, the lower the levels of N‐acetylaspartate/creatine. With the age of onset as the covariate, the patients with moderate deep white matter lesions had more pronounced cognitive impairment and clinician‐rated depressive symptoms than those with none and/or mild lesions.ConclusionThese results suggest that subcortical/frontal type cognitive impairment and the persistence of depressive symptoms in geriatric depression is related to moderate deep white matter lesions more often complicated in the late‐onset group. The 1H‐MRS findings were suggested to be a useful indicator of neuronal/axonal loss in the white matter of the frontal lobes which precedes cognitive impairment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 mRNA by low doses of ionizing radiation in macrophages
Authors: Hosoi Yoshio , Miyachi Hideo , Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Enomoto Atsushi , Nakagawa Keiichi , Suzuki Norio , Ono Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have previously reported the antimetastatic effects and augmentation of immune responses, which would be a mechanism of the antimetastatic effects, of 0.1 to 0.2 Gy total body irradiation. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the augmentation of immune response, we investigated the effects of low‐dose irradiation on gene expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐6 using mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Absolute mRNA quantification was carried out using competitive polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 was increased 1 to 2 hr after 2.0 Gy irradiation and then decreased to below the basal expression level 4 hr after irradiation. Irradiation with 0.1 Gy increased IL‐6 expression 2 hr after irradiation, but it did not affect IL‐1β expression. Downregulation of IL‐1β and IL‐6 observed 4 hr after 2.0 Gy irradiation was not observed with 0.1 Gy irradiation. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H7 and the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3‐kinase) inhibitor wortmannin inhibited induction of IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression, which suggests that radiation‐induced IL‐1β and IL‐6 expression is achieved by PKC‐ and PI3‐kinase‐mediated signaling. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of adverse effects on fertility of female cd‐1 mice exposed to repetitive intravaginal gel–microemulsion formulation of a dual‐function anti‐HIV agent: aryl phosphate derivative of bromo‐methoxy‐zidovudine (compound WHI‐07)
Authors: D'Cruz Osmond J. , Uckun Fatih M. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract5‐bromo‐6‐methoxy‐5,6‐dihydro‐3′‐azidothymidine‐5′‐(p‐bromophenyl) methoxyalaninyl phosphate (WHI‐07), a novel bromo‐methoxy‐substituted aryl phosphate derivative of zidovudine (ZDV), is a potent dual‐function contraceptive agent with anti‐HIV activity. Its potential for reproductive toxicity was assessed in a series of experiments using CD‐1 mice under the conditions of its intended use as an intravaginal microbicide. Female CD‐1 mice were exposed intravaginally to a gel–microemulsion formulation containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% WHI‐07 for up to 13 weeks. On a molar basis, these concentrations represent 1400–5700 times its in vitro spermicidal IC50 and 1.4–5.7(×106) times its in vitro anti‐HIV IC50. We examined the effects of intravaginally administered WHI‐07 on: ovulation efficiency; in vivo fertilization and early embryonic, fetal development; and reproductive outcome, including neonatal survival and pup development. Compound WHI‐07 was administered intravaginally during superovulation, organogenesis and prior to mating for 5 and 10 consecutive days and for 13 weeks, respectively. Mice were evaluated for ovulation efficiency and fertilization rate and cleavage 14 and 40 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, respectively. Pregnant mice were administered 2% WHI‐07 intravaginally during gestation days (GD) 6–15 and measures of teratogenicity were evaluated on GD 17. For short‐term toxicity study, mice were given intravaginal treatment of gel–microemulsion containing 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% WHI‐07 for 13 weeks and then mated with untreated males to evaluate potential reproductive and developmental effects. Repeated intravaginal exposure of mice to 2% WHI‐07 had no adverse effects on ovulation response, mean number of eggs recovered or the percentage of eggs fertilized or cleaved. No evidence of reproductive toxicity, fetal toxicity or teratogenicity was found following repetitive intravaginal application of 2% WHI‐07 during the period of organogenesis. Furthermore, repeated intravaginal exposure of mice to 0.5–2.0% WHI‐07 for 13 weeks had no adverse effect on the subsequent reproductive capability, perinatal outcome or growth and development of the offspring. Compound WHI‐07 shows unique clinical potential as a safe, dual‐function vaginal contraceptive for curbing mucosal and perinatal HIV transmission. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility of lipid‐protein‐sugar particles containing bupivacaine in the epineurium
Authors: Kohane Daniel S. , Lipp Michael , Kinney Ramsey C. , Anthony Douglas C. , Louis David N. , Lotan Noah , Langer Robert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel lipid‐protein‐sugar particles (LPSPs) are potentially biocompatible because they are composed of naturally occurring ingredients and their expected tissue dwell times are relatively short. In this research, we used histological sections to study tissue reaction to LPSPs (4.4‐μm median diameter) when used for sciatic nerve block in the rat. As a reference, we compared LPSPs to 60‐μm median diameter poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres (110,000 MW PLGA, glycolic/lactic ratio 65:35). Four days after injection, both particle types produced acute inflammation within the confines of the injectate, inflammation in adjacent tissues, and myotoxicity. Bupivacaine‐free particles did not display myotoxicity, and inflammation in adjacent tissues was reduced. At 2 weeks, inflammation from LPSPs had almost disappeared, whereas PLGA microspheres had a foreign‐body giant cell reaction until at least 8 weeks after injection. In contrast, 3.6‐μm median diameter, 20,000‐MW PLGA microspheres produced a primarily histiocytic reaction 2 weeks after injection. In summary, the LPSPs and PLGA microspheres studied herein have excellent biocompatibility, but tissue reaction to the former is of much shorter duration. Myotoxicity and inflammation of surrounding tissue is largely attributed to bupivacaine. Foreign‐body giant cells may be attributed to particle size rather than a specific reaction to PLGA. © 2001 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 59: 450–459, 2002
Arsenite stimulates cyclooxygenase‐2 expression through activating IκB kinase and nuclear factor κB in primary and ECV304 endothelial cells
Authors: Tsai Shu‐Huei , Liang Yu‐Chih , Chen Linda , Ho Feng‐Ming , Hsieh Ming‐Shium , Lin Jen‐Kun 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEpidemiological studies have shown that chronic exposure to arsenic can result in liver injury, peripheral neuropathy, arteriosclerosis, and an increased incidence of cancer of the lung, skin, bladder, and liver. The overexpression of inducible cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) has been associated with vascular inflammation and cellular proliferation. However, the effect of arsenite on Cox‐2 gene expression in endothelial cells was left to be investigated. Western Blot analysis of HUVECs revealed a two‐fold induction of Cox‐2 protein by arsenite. This induction was associated with a two‐fold increase of prostaglandin E2 in the media. Furthermore, the level of Cox‐2 mRNA was correspondingly elevated as demonstrated by both Northern blot and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses. Transfection of an immortalized human endothelium cell line (ECV304) with Cox‐2 reporter gene constructs demonstrated that the transcription of Cox‐2 gene was enhanced by arsenite. This induction was attenuated by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NFκB. In addition, electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that NFκB activity was induced by arsenite. The kinase activity assay also indicated that IκB kinase (IKK) activity was induced by arsenite. These findings indicated that the induction of Cox‐2 gene transcription by arsenite was through the stimulation of NFκB activity. Arsenite could induce IKK activity, which leads to the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB in ECV304 cells. Therefore, it appears that IKK signaling pathway is involved in arsenite‐mediated Cox‐2 expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 750–758, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
S111N mutation in the helical domain of human Gsα reduces its GDP/GTP exchange rate
Authors: Brito Mónica , Guzmán Leonardo , Romo Ximena , Soto Ximena , Hinrichs María Victoria , Olate Juan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractG‐protein α subunits consist of two domains: a Ras‐like domain also called GTPase domain (GTPaseD), structurally homologous to monomeric G‐proteins, and a more divergent domain, unique to heterotrimeric G‐proteins, called helical domain (HD). G‐protein activation, requires the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, and since the guanine nucleotide is buried in a deep cleft between both domains, it has been postulated that activation may involve a conformational change that will allow the opening of this cleft. Therefore, it has been proposed, that interdomain interactions are playing an important role in regulating the nucleotide exchange rate of the α subunit. While constructing different Gsα quimeras, we identified a Gsα random mutant, which was very inefficient in stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity. The introduced mutation corresponded to the substitution of Ser111 for Asn (S111N), located in the carboxi terminal end of helix A of the HD, a region neither involved in AC interaction nor in the interdomain interface. In order to characterize this mutant, we expressed it in bacteria, purified it by niquel‐agarose chromatography, and studied its nucleotide exchange properties. We demonstrated that the recombinant S111N Gsα was functional since it was able to undergo the characteristic conformational change upon GTP binding, detected by the acquisition of a trypsin‐resistant conformation. When the biochemical properties were determined, the mutant protein exhibited a reduced GDP dissociation kinetics and as a consequence a slower GTPγS binding rate that was responsible for a diminished adenylyl cyclase activation when GTPγS was used as activator. These data provide new evidence that involves the HD as a regulator of Gsα function, in this case the αA helix, which is not directly involved with the nucleotide binding site nor the interdomain interface. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 615–620, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanics (MM4) calculations on carbonyl compounds part I: aldehydes
Authors: Langley Charles H. , Lii Jenn‐Huei , Allinger Norman L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAliphatic aldehydes have been studied with the aid of the MM4 force field. The structures, moments of inertia, vibrational spectra, conformational energies, barriers to internal rotation, and dipole moments have been examined for six compounds (nine conformations). MM4 parameters have been developed to fit the indicated quantities to the wide variety of experimental data. Ab initio (MP2) and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations have been used to augment and/or replace experimental data, as appropriate. Because more, and to some extent, better, data have become available since MM3 was developed, it was anticipated that the overall accuracy of the information calculated with MM4 would be better than with MM3. The best single measure of the overall accuracy of a force field is the accuracy to which the moments of inertia of a set of compounds (from microwave spectroscopy) can be reproduced. For all of the 20 moments (seven conformations) experimentally known for the aldehyde compounds, the MM4 rms error is 0.30%, while with MM3, the most accurate force field presently available, the rms error over the same set is 1.01%. The calculation of the vibrational spectra was also improved overall. For the four aldehydes that were fully analyzed (over a total of 78 frequencies), the rms errors with MM4 and MM3 are 18 and 38 cm−1, respectively. These improvements came from several sources, but the major ones were separate parameters involving the carbonyl carbon for formaldehyde, the alkyl aldehydes and the ketones, and new crossterms featured in the MM4 force field that are not present in the MM3 version. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 1396–1425, 2001
Fibronectin, integrins, and growth control
Authors: Danen Erik H.J. , Yamada Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCell proliferation is controlled not only by soluble mitogens but also by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as fibronectin, to which cells adhere via the integrin family of transmembrane receptors. Input from both growth factor receptors and integrins is required to stimulate progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle, via induction of G1 cyclins and suppression of inhibitors of the G1 cyclin‐dependent kinases. Extensive crosstalk takes place between integrin and growth factor receptor signaling pathways, and mitogenic signaling is weak and transient in the absence of integrin‐mediated cell adhesion. In normal untransformed cells, all of the important mitogenic signal transduction cascades, namely those downstream of the Ras and Rho family small GTPases and the phosphoinositide 3‐OH kinase‐PKB/Akt pathway, are regulated by integrin‐mediated cell adhesion. As a result, these cells are anchorage‐dependent for growth. In contrast, constitutive activity of each of these pathways has been reported in cancer cells, which not only reduces their mitogen dependence but also allows these cells to grow in an anchorage‐independent fashion. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ICTs, gender and development: women in software production in Kerala
Authors: Arun Shoba , Arun Thankom 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on development largely depends on the existing economic, social and cultural fabric into which they are introduced. This can be seen in the case of Kerala in India, which has been implementing an ICT‐based strategy that particularly seeks to create growth and employment through software production. A gendered perspective on software production shows that ICTs create opportunities for women. However, they also reproduce gender inequalities seen in the broader fabric of society. ICT policies must therefore take account of the gendered roles, norms and practices that affect both labour markets and households because these, in turn, affect both the outcome and sustainability of ICT‐based development. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of [4‐11C]amino acids via ring‐opening of aziridine‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Gillings N. M. , Gee A. D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRing‐opening of N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)aziridine‐2‐isopropyl carboxylate with no‐carrier‐added (n.c.a.) [11C]cyanide is reported. Following purification by HPLC, the protected D,L‐[4‐11C]β‐cyanoalanine was subsequently hydrolysed, to yield D,L‐[4‐11C]asparagine or D,L‐[4‐11C]aspartic acid, or reduced followed by hydrolysis to give D,L‐2,4‐diamino[4‐11C]butyric acid. Typical syntheses starting with 10 GBq hydrogen [11C]cyanide yielded 1–1.4 GBq of [4‐11C]amino acid within 30 min, giving the labelled amino acids in 30–40% decay corrected radiochemical yield (counted from [11C]cyanide) with radiochemical purities of 95%, 98% and 60%, respectively. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of [vinylidene‐3H] (−)‐α‐kainic acid at high specific activity
Authors: Ahern David G. , Seguin Richard J. , Filer Crist N. 
Published: August 2002

Abstract[Vinylidene‐3H] (−)‐α‐Kainic acid was prepared by means of a Wittig reaction with a protected ketone precursor and has proved useful as a tool to study neuroexcitatory amino acid receptors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MRI in lung transplant recipients using hyperpolarized 3He: Comparison with CT
Authors: Gast Klaus K. , Viallon Magali , Eberle Balthasar , Lill Jana , Puderbach Michael U. , Hanke Alexander T. , Schmiedeskamp Joerg , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the ability of 3He‐MRI to detect ventilation defects in lung transplant recipients, 3He‐MRI was compared to CT for concordance.Materials and MethodsWe examined 14 lung recipients using 3He‐MRI on a 1.5 T MR scanner. CT served as a reference method. Up to four representative ventilation defects were defined for each lung on 3He‐MRI and compared to corresponding areas on CT.ResultsAltogether, 59 representative ventilation defects were defined on 3He‐MRI. Plausible CT correlates were found for 29 ventilation defects; less plausible CT correlates were found for eight defects. In 22 defects (37%) no corresponding CT changes were detected. CT demonstrated correlates for ventilation defects seen on 3He‐MRI in only 63% of the cases.Conclusion3He‐MRI yields a clear increase in the number of detected ventilation defects compared to CT. This may have an important impact on the early detection of bronchiolitis obliterans in lung transplant recipients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:268–274. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory motion in coronary magnetic resonance angiography: A comparison of different motion models
Authors: Manke Dirk , Nehrke Kay , Börnert Peter , Rösch Peter , Dössel Olaf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo assess respiratory motion models for coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA). In this study various motion models that describe the respiration‐induced 3D displacements and deformations of the main coronary arteries were compared.Materials and MethodsMultiple high‐resolution 3D coronary MR images were acquired in healthy volunteers using navigator‐based respiratory gating, each depicting the coronary vessels at different respiratory motion states. In the images representing the different inspiratory states the displacements and deformations of the main coronary vessels with respect to the end‐expiratory state were determined, by means of elastic registration. Several correction models (superior‐inferior (SI) translation, 3D translation, and 3D affine transformation) were tested and compared with respect to their ability to map a selected inspiratory to the end‐expiratory motion state.Results3D translation was found to be superior over SI translation, which is commonly used for prospective motion correction in CMRA. The 3D affine transformation was found to be the best correction model considered in this study. Furthermore, a large intersubject variability of the model parameters was observed.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that a patient‐adapted 3D correction model (3D translation or better 3D affine) will considerably improve prospective motion correction in CMRA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;15:661–671. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time black‐blood MRI using spatial presaturation
Authors: Nayak Krishna S. , Rivas Pedro A. , Pauly John M. , Scott Greig C. , Kerr Adam B. , Hu Bob S. , Nishimura Dwight G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA real‐time interactive black‐blood imaging system is described. Rapid blood suppression is achieved by exciting and dephasing slabs outside the imaging slice before each imaging excitation. Sharp‐profiled radio frequency saturation pulses placed close to the imaging slice provide good blood suppression, even in views containing slow through‐plane flow. In vivo results indicate that this technique improves endocardial border definition during systole in real‐time cardiac wall‐motion studies. Phantom and animal results indicate that this technique nearly eliminates flow artifacts in real‐time intravascular studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:807–812. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intensity dependence of cation kinetic energies from 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid near the infrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization threshold
Authors: Ermer D. R. , Baltz‐Knorr M. , Haglund R. F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe mechanisms responsible for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are far from being well understood, particularly where infrared laser irradiation is used to initiate the process. We measured the emission yields and kinetic energy distributions of positive ions emitted from 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid loaded with angiotensin II in a standard MALDI preparation during irradiation with an infrared free‐electron laser tuned to 2.94 µm. As the laser intensity is scanned through the MALDI threshold, we see a marked change in the energy distributions of the matrix ion. Above threshold, the energy distributions of both analyte and matrix cations are constant over a broad range of laser intensities. This behavior does not appear to be consistent with any extant model of the MALDI mechanism. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.