bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local 3D real space atomic structure of the simple icosahedral Ho11Mg15Zn74 quasicrystal from PDF data
Authors: Brühne S. , Uhrig E. , Gross C. , Assmus W. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe present a new complementary strategy to quasicrystalline structure determination: The local atomic structure of simple icosahedral (si) Ho11Mg15Zn74 [a(6D) = 5.144(3)Å in a sphere of up to r = 17Å was refined using the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) from in‐house X‐ray powder diffraction data (MoKα1, Qmax = 13.5Å−1; R = 20.4%). The basic building block is a 105‐atom Bergman‐Cluster {Ho8Mg12Zn85}. Its center is occupied by a Zn atom – in contrast to a void in face centred icosahedral (fci) Ho9Mg26Zn65. The center is then surrounded by another 12 Zn atoms, forming an icosahedron (1st shell). The 2nd shell is made up of 8 Ho atoms arranged on the vertices of a cube which in turn is completed to a pentagon dodecahedron by 12 Mg atoms, the dodecahedron then being capped by 12 Zn atoms. The 3rd shell is a distorted soccer ball of 60 Zn atoms, reflecting the higher Zn content of the si phase compared to the fci phase. In our model, 7% of all atoms are situated in between the clusters. The model corresponds to a hypothetical 1/1‐approximant of the icosahedral (i) phase. The local coordinations of the single atoms are of a much distorted Frank‐Kasper type and call to mind those present in 0/1‐Mg2Zn11. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A comparative study for profiling ultrathin boron layers in Si
Authors: Basaran E. , Addemir O. , Aslan M. H. , Parker E. H. C. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe carrier concentration‐depth profiles of ultrathin boron layers in Si, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are determined by the electrochemical capacitance‐voltage (ECV) and the spreading resistance (SR) profiling techniques. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is employed as a base for the comparison of the results. It has been shown that, under carefully chosen conditions, both ECV and SR techniques are able to resolve ultrathin layers including a delta layer, however ECV match better with the results of SIMS than that of SR. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Studies on zirconium nitride films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering
Authors: Bhuvaneswari H. B. , Nithiya Priya I. , Chandramani R. , Rajagopal Reddy V. , Mohan Rao G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper deals with the preparation of Zirconium Nitride films by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Films were deposited on silicon substrates at room temperature. Nitrogen partial pressure was varied from 4 × 10−5 to 10 × 10−5 m bar and the effect on the structural, electrical, optical properties of the films was systematically studied. The films formed at a nitrogen pressure of 6 × 10−5 mbar showed low electrical resistivity of 1.726 × 10−3 Ω.cm. The deposited films were found to be crystalline with refractive index and extinction coefficient 1.95 and 0.4352 respectively. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoelectronic and electrical properties of CuIn5S8 single crystals
Authors: Qasrawi A. F. , Gasanly N. M. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractTo identify the impurity levels in CuIn5S8 single crystals, the dark electrical conductivity and photoconductivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 50–460 K. The data reflect the intrinsic and extrinsic nature of the crystals above and below 300 K, respectively. Energy band gaps of 1.35 and 1.31 eV at 0 K and 300 K, were defined from the dark conductivity measurements and the photocurrent spectra, respectively. The dark and photoconductivity data in the extrinsic temperature region reflect the existence of two independent donor energy levels located at 130 and 16 meV. The photocurrent‐illumination intensity dependence (F) follows the law IphαFγ, with γ being 1.0, 0.5 and 1.0 at low, moderate and high intensities indicating the domination of monomolecular, bimolecular and strong recombination at the surface, respectively. In the intrinsic region and in the temperature region where the shallow donor energy level 16 meV is dominant, the free electron life time, τn, is found to be constant with increasing F. In the temperature region 140 K < T < 210 K, the free electron life time increases with increasing illumination intensity showing the supralinear character. Below 140 K, τn decrease with decreasing illumination intensity. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Annealing effect on electrical and photoconductive properties of Si implanted GaSe single crystal
Authors: Karabulut O. , Parlak M. , Yilmaz K. , Turan R. , Akinoglu B. G. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractGaSe single crystals grown by Bridgman method have been doped by ion implantation technique. The samples were bombarded in the direction parallel to c‐axis by Si ion beam of about 100 keV to doses of 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 at room temperature. The effects of Si implantation with annealing at 500 and 600 °C on the electrical properties have been studied by measuring the temperature dependent conductivity and photoconductivity under different illumination intensities in the temperature range of 100–320 K. It is observed that Si implantation increases the room temperature conductivity 10−7 to 10−3 (Ω‐cm)−1 depending on the post annealing temperature. The analysis of temperature dependent conductivity shows that at high temperature region above 200 K, the transport mechanism is dominated by thermal excitation in the doped and undoped GaSe samples. At lower temperatures, the conduction of carriers is dominated by variable range hopping mechanism in the implanted samples. Annealing of the samples at and above 600 °C weakens the temperature dependence of the conductivity and photoconductivity. This indicates that annealing of the implanted samples activates Si‐atoms and increases structural deformations and stacking faults. The same behavior was observed from photoconductivity measurements. Hence, photocurrent‐illumination intensity dependence in the implanted samples obeys the power low Ipc ∝ Φn with n between 1 and 2 which is an indication of continuous distribution of localized states in the band gap. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Misleading fringes in TEM images and diffraction patterns of Si nanocrystallites
Authors: Kohno Hideo , Ozaki Nobuhiko , Yoshida Hideto , Tanaka Koji , Takeda Seiji 
Published: November 2003

AbstractHigh‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images and electron diffraction patterns of twinned Si nanocrystallites were recorded along various directions and analyzed in detail. We point out that special attention must be paid when interpreting HRTEM images and diffraction patterns of twinned Si nanocrystallites, because elongation of reciprocal lattice points could fabricate misleading fringes and patterns. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structure and spectra character of cobalt nickel sulfate twelvehydrate (CNSH) single crystal
Authors: Su Genbo , Zhuang Xinxin , He Youping , Li Zhengdong , Li Guohui , Ma Jingbo , Wang Guofu , Huang Zixiang 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe title compound CoNi(SO4)2 · 12H2O has been prepared and its crystal structure determined by single crystal X‐ray differaction at room temperature. The CNSH crystal structure belongs to the monoclinic space group C2/c,a = 9.966(2) Å, b = 7.2265(14) Å, c = 24.218(5) Å, β = 98.32(3)°, V = 1725.9(6) Å3, z = 4, Dc = 2.024 gcm−3. The optical transmission character of CNSH crystal in aqueous solution is discontinuous in the range from ultraviolet to near IR wavelengths. The relationship between the structure and the optical transmission property is further discussed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Design on quasi‐Yagi antennas array based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Kojiya Takuya , Tsuji Yosuke , Kuwahara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAs radiating elements for a phased array consisting of radiating elements placed along a straight line, a quasi‐Yagi antenna that has a reflector behind the dipole and a parasitic element in front is used. The length of the parasitic elements and the distance between the parasitic element and the dipole are optimized by the genetic algorithm in such a way that the gain deterioration due to beam scanning is the minimum. Further, the quasi‐Yagi antenna is applied in the array antenna for direction‐of‐arrival estimation using such subarrays as ESPRIT. The parameters optimizing the direction‐of‐arrival estimation accuracy are derived by the genetic algorithm. The array antenna with quasi‐Yagi antenna optimized by the genetic algorithm can significantly improve the beam scanning characteristics and improve the accuracy and resolution when used for direction‐of‐arrival estimation by ESPRIT. This is confirmed by computer simulation and test evaluation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(3): 39–49, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10158
Adaptive reliable multicast using TCP protocol in heterogeneous environments
Authors: Takenaka Toyofumi , Sasaki Hiroaki 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAn attempt is made to realize highly reliable multicast communications without modifying the TCP protocol, which is now the most widely used in the Internet, and TCP multicast using a GRA (generic router assist) router is proposed. The characteristics of this multicast communications are evaluated, and it is shown that the overall throughput of multicast communications is governed by the bottleneck link in the transmission band. An attempt is made to improve the performance of multicast communications with a bottleneck link, and an environment‐adaptive multicast communication scheme is proposed, in which the multicast tree is partitioned at the bottleneck link, and TCP multicasting is performed for each subtree. Performance evaluation by simulation shows that the proposed method alleviates the effect of the bottleneck link on the overall multicast and that the performance of the multicast as a whole can be improved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(3): 28–38, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10161
An adaptive sidelobe cancellation algorithm for high‐gain antenna arrays
Authors: Kamio Kazunori , Sato Toru 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn order to more accurately extract desired signals, it is necessary to suppress interference such as reflection and clutter more strictly. This paper discusses a method of suppressing sidelobes adaptively by placing a receive‐only array around a high‐gain array. The output power minimization method (DCMP) has been proposed as an adaptive clutter suppression method. When this method is applied to a high‐gain array, there is a danger of destroying the directivity of the high‐gain array. In this paper, a constraint on the weight not destroying the receiving pattern of the high‐gain array is added to the DCMP, resulting in a norm‐constrained DCMP (DCMP‐CN). By using this method, adaptive sidelobe suppression is possible regardless of the intensity of the input signals. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(3): 11–18, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10178
An analysis on the critical phenomena in CSMA/CD network traffic model by computer simulations
Authors: Takeshima Yoshiteru , Fukuda Kensuke , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThis paper considers a network with CSMA/CD access and shows by computer simulation that phase transitions can accompany critical phenomena in the traffic flowing in the media. It is also shown that the relation between the buffer size that maximizes the network throughput and the back‐off limit can be approximately formulated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(3): 98–106, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.1187
An interactive fuzzy satisficing method based on a probability maximization model for multiobjective linear programming problems involving random variable coefficients
Authors: Kato Kosuke , Sakawa Masatoshi , Katagiri Hideki , Wasada Kouichi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractAs an approach to the optimization of systems containing fuzziness and uncertainty, the probabilistic programming method including uncertainty based on probability theory and the fuzzy mathematical programming method representing fuzziness in terms of fuzzy theory are typical ones that have been developed in various forms. In the present research, we target multiobjective linear programming problems in which the coefficients included in the program are random variables. We develop a formulation based on the probabilistic maximization model in which the probability that several objective functions are below certain values is maximized under the stochastic constraint condition that the constraints need not be satisfied all the time but only above a certain probability. For the multiobjective probability maximization model, the fuzzy target of the decision maker is introduced. Also, an interactive algorithm based on the reference point method that derives a solution satisfactory to the decision maker by interaction with the decision maker is applied. The new decision making process is a combination of the probabilistic programming method and the fuzzy programming method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(3): 67–76, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10080
On simulations of self‐reproducing cellular automata with shape‐encoding mechanism
Authors: Imai Katsunobu , Hori Takahiro , Matsuda Yukio , Fujita Kenji , Morita Kenichi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractWe have designed self‐reproducing cellular automata based on two‐ and three‐dimensional self‐inspection, and emphasized the importance of simulating the intercellular transitions during the design phase. In particular, to understand the behavior in three dimensions, viewing the video image is essential. In this paper, we present videos generated by a simulation tool we built and demonstrate the operation according to the designs of previously designed self‐reproducing cellular automata. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(3): 58–66, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10083
Complex Chebyshev approximation for FIR filters using linear semi‐infinite programming method
Authors: Suyama Kenji , Takada Ken'ichi , Hirabayashi Ryuichi , Iwakura Hiroshi 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn the optimum design of an FIR filter by the complex Chebyshev method, it is difficult to limit the increase of computational effort and to guarantee convergence to an optimum solution due to the nonlinearity of the problem and the instability of the frequency points for the optima. In this paper, the complex Chebyshev approximation problem is formulated as a linear semi‐infinite programming problem by means of the real rotation theorem. An optimum design method is proposed using the three‐phase method, a linear semi‐infinite programming method. In the present method, the design problem is first reduced to a linear programming problem with constraints and a provisional solution is derived by the simplex method. After the constraints corresponding to the degenerated optimum frequencies contained in the provisional solution are combined, the solutions are adjusted to satisfy the optimum condition so as to obtain an optimum solution. Since low accuracy is sufficient for the provisional solution, memory requirements and computational effort can be reduced. By means of a design example, it is shown that the proposed method is superior in terms of solution accuracy and computational effort to the technique based on the simplex method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(3): 49–57, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10104
An automatic design method for compact acoustic systems by the genetic algorithm
Authors: Nakatani Takuya , Kajikawa Yoshinobu , Nomura Yasuo 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn this paper, an automatic method for the design of compact acoustic systems, using the genetic algorithm, is proposed for improvement of degraded sensitivity caused by leakage. In the present method, an analysis based on the acoustic equivalent circuit is used. The equivalent circuit and the acoustic parameters of the circuit are designed in such a way that the sound pressure frequency characteristics are contained with the range based on the GSM (ETSI EN 300 903) specifications and that the sensitivity deterioration is improved. The PfGA (Parameter‐free Genetic Algorithm) is used in the design of the circuit configuration, and the genetic algorithm of Michalewicz is used for the design of acoustic parameters. As a result, an equivalent circuit is obtained that realizes characteristics not significantly affected by leakage. The present method can be applied to various compact acoustic systems such as cellular phones and provides useful information for actual design. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(3): 1–9, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10149
Synthesis and Structures of FeIII Complexes Bridged by Cyanorhenium Clusters
Authors: Park Seon‐Mi , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin 
Published: November 2003

AbstractThe reaction of FeCl(L1) and FeCl(L2) [L1 = bis(3‐salicylideneaminopropyl)amine, L2 = bis(3‐salicylideneaminopropyl)methylamine] with the Re6 clusters [Re6Q8(CN)6]4− (Q = Se, Te) led to the formation of the nanomolecular (≈︁2.5 nm) compounds [(CN)2Re6Se8{(CN)Fe(L1)}4]·7H2O (1) and [(CN)2Re6Te8{(CN)Fe(L2)}4]·4CH3CN·4H2O (2). Both compounds were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$
with a = 12.2822(10), b = 14.2524(10), c = 15.8474(10) Å, α = 106.093(10)°, β = 101.992(10)°, γ = 92.438(10)°, and Z = 1. Compound 2 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 19.3024(2), b = 16.8134(3), c = 35.9842(6) Å, and Z = 4. In these two compounds, only four pentadentate compartments are bonded to the Re6 cluster for charge balancing. The magnetic‐susceptibility data show that there is no evidence for interactions between FeIII ions via the central Re6 cluster in either compound. The observed effective magnetic moments suggest that there are low‐spin FeIII ions and high‐spin FeIII ions mixed in each compound. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Metallacarboranes
Authors: Hosmane Narayan S. , Maguire John A. 
Published: November 2003

AbstractMost carborane derivatives of the icosahedral (C2B10) or small cage (C2B4) systems are formed by varying the groups on the cage carbon atoms. This is usually accomplished in the original carborane synthesis by treating substituted acetylenes with either the decaborane(14) or pentaborane(9) precursors to give directly carboranes that have adjacent carbon atoms in the cage (“carbon atoms adjacent”). The larger cages are obtained as closo‐icosahedra, while the small‐cage C2B4 carboranes have nido structures as well as a cage geometry in which the carbon atoms are separated by a boron atom. Although these “carbon atoms apart” or nido‐2,4‐(CR)2B4H6 carboranes are thermodynamically more stable and are more symmetric than the “carbon atoms adjacent” isomers, they have not been as well studied, mainly because they must be synthesized from their “carbon atoms adjacent” analogues through a sequential series of oxidative cage‐closure/reductive cage‐opening reactions. We have concentrated much of our recent research on the reactivity patterns of C(cage)‐appended alkyl‐ and silylamido, alkyloxo, alkylphosphido, and alkylthio derivatives of the “carbon atoms apart” carboranes. We have also sought to develop a safe, bench‐scale preparation of small‐cage carboranes that does not require isolating and handling dangerous and toxic carborane precursors such as pentaborane(9). This microreview discusses the latest developments towards such a process and the subsequent reaction chemistry of the “carbon atoms apart” carboranes. ((© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Dimensionality Variation in Polymeric Metallo‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Nättinen Kalle I. , Linnanto Juha , Rissanen Kari 
Published: November 2003

AbstractSingle crystal X‐ray crystallography was used to determine the structures of four metallo‐organic complexes derived from pyridyl ligands and the metal ions, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Ag+. Two metallo‐organic layer framework structures (1 and 3), a strand (2) and a dimer (4) structure were formed when the tetradentate ligands, tetrakis(nicotinoxymethyl)methane (TNM) and tetrakis(isonicotinoxymethyl)methane (TINM), were reacted with the first and second row transition metal cations, copper, silver, and zinc. The choice of anion and ligand was found to affect the outcome of the structure. Contrary to our previous results with the same ligands and similar transition metal cations, no genuine 3D metallo‐organic frameworks (MOFs) were obtained. Several factors were found to affect MOF formation: the coordination geometry, the meta‐ or para‐configuration of the coordinating pyridyl moieties and the size and type of the counter anion. In 1, the use of TNM (with a shorter “coordination arm” than TINM), in combination with an octahedral coordination geometry (4 Py, SO42− and H2O) and a relatively large sulfate anion, leads to a sandwich‐like layer structure with the anions between the MOF layers. The layers have a thickness of 2.1 nm. In complex 3, similar layer structures are assembled from four‐ and five‐coordinate (2 Py, NO3−, H2O/2 Py, 3 NO3−) Ag+ ions with TINM and nitrate anions. However, in complex 2, the Zn2+ ion is tetrahedrally (2 Py, 2 Cl−) coordinated, creating an infinite strand structure. Most surprisingly, in complex 4, two arms of the ligand are uncoordinated and a binuclear square‐planar coordination geometry (2 Py, 2 CH3COO−) around the Cu2+ ions, as well as the acetate anions, create a non‐polymeric dimeric structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
C−H Activation by AlCl Monomers: Characterization of HAl(Cl)CH3 as the Product of the Photoactivated Reaction Between AlCl and CH4 in a Solid Ar Matrix at 12 K
Authors: Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2003

AbstractIn a solid Ar matrix at 12 K and upon photoactivation AlCl inserts into the C−H bond of CH4 to give the new monomeric aluminium hydride HAl(Cl)CH3, which was identified and characterized with the aid of the IR spectra recorded for several isotopomers [Cl(H)Al12CH3, Cl(D)Al12CD3, and Cl(H)Al13CH3], comparison with the known IR properties of related molecules and detailed quantum chemical calculations. Calculations yield a Cs symmetric global energy minimum structure for this compound, and that the reaction is slightly exothermic (reaction energy of −43.2 kJ·mol−1). This work demonstrates impressively how reactive photoactivated AlCl molecules are. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)