bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized shaping and trade-off of superoscillating pulses
Authors: Frenkel Gad , Yehuda Tamir , Schwartz Moshe 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article, we consider a special family of pulses, which are a part of a band limited signal and are ‘too narrow’ considering the band limit of the signal. We dub such pulses ‘superoscillating pulses’ although they can be seen at best as half an oscillation. While some of our results are of a more generic nature, the article is devoted to the optimization of superoscillating pulses, The first step consists of approximating a given target signal by a band limited signal in a fixed time interval. The signals to be approximated, exhibit in that interval features that seem to involve frequencies higher than the band limit of the approximant. We define the mean square relative error (MSRE) as a measure of the adherence of the approximant to the original signal in the chosen interval. We find that the minimization of the MSRE conflicts with the necessity to minimize the energy (or power) expense of the superoscillating signal. We obtain the trade-off relation between optimal energy expense and the MSRE for a family of pulses. This makes it clear that within that family, there exists a specific pulse shape that is better approximated by a superoscillating pulse. Finally, we show how to construct a yield optimized superoscillating pulse that, within a given time interval, has a prescribed narrow width without resorting to a target signal at all.
Integrated Area Development: A New Social Forestry Landscape Approach in Indonesia
Authors: Supriyanto Bambang , Juniar Puspita Intan , Nuryanto Irsan , Hasnawir  
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The area of Social Forestry in Indonesia until July 2023 has reached 5,625,137 ha with 8,317 location units. Nearly 80% of the area of each unit isless than 500 ha, and only 3 to 4 business units can have an impact on increasing community welfare, social cohesion, and regional ecological protection. This condition can still be improved so as to have an impact on regional economic development and product-added value. This study aims to examine the new concept of the social forestry landscape approach, such as integrated area development (IAD), and its implementations. The study was carried out in Lumajang Regency, East Java Province targeting, key stakeholders with the highest values of Indegree, Outdegree, Incloseness, Outcloseness and Betweenness as the main respondents. Determining key stakeholders using stakeholder network analysis with the UCINET (social network analysis) application. The results of the study show that the IAD approach provides added value in regional development, added product value, and expanding marketing economic coverage. IAD program in Lumajang shows that the Government (central and regional) is the key stakeholder in implementing activities. The IAD master plan, which was prepared by practitioner multi-stakeholders, resulted in an agrosilvopastural network, agro-industry, tourism interconnection, and environment-based restoration. The IAD Lumajang, especially Senduro village in the agrosilvopatural and agro-industry sectors, per capita income has managed to cross the poverty line (IDR 3.7 million per month/household), increased employment, and increased contribution of various sectors. This can be used as a role model for other social forestry areas in the context of poverty alleviation.
Prioritising climate adaptation options to minimise financial and distributional impacts of water supply disruptions
Authors: Becher Olivia , Verschuur Jasper , Pant Raghav , Hall Jim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Climate-related disruptions to water supply infrastructure services incur direct financial losses to utilities (e.g. to repair damaged assets) and externalise a societal cost to domestic customers due to additional costs that they may incur (e.g. to acquire water from alternative sources). The latter often represents an uncompensated social burden, which should be properly accounted for in investment planning. Here we present a new framework for quantifying direct financial risks burdened by utilities and alternative water purchase losses incurred by domestic customers, including those in low-income groups, during flood- and drought-induced utility water supply disruptions. This framework enables the comparison of benefit-cost ratios of a portfolio of flood protection and leakage reduction for water supply systems across the island of Jamaica. A system-level optioneering analysis allows the identification of the optimal adaptation option per system. We estimate that 34% of systems would benefit from flood defences and 53% would benefit from leakage reduction to adaptation to droughts. The benefit that could be achieved by implementing all system optimised adaptation options is estimated to be 720 million Jamaican dollars per year on average, representing a substantial saving for the utility and its customers, including low-income customers. We identify options that offer strong synergies between economic and equity objectives for both types of adaptation option. The proposed framework is established to support the business case for climate adaptation in the water supply sector and to prioritise across flood and drought mitigation options. We take a first step towards mainstreaming equity considerations in water supply sector optioneering frameworks by estimating the contribution of adaptation options towards reducing household costs for low-income customers.
Racial Disparities in Cognitive Health Among Older Americans: The Role of Debt–Asset Profiles During Preretirement Age
Authors: Lee Chioun , Glei Dana A , Park Soojin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Low-cost debt can potentially enhance wealth and indirectly benefit health, yet Black Americans disproportionately lack this type of debt, which may constrain their ability to accumulate wealth throughout their lives and across generations. Our objectives are to develop a novel debt–asset measure, use it to quantify the Black–White differential in debt–asset profiles, and estimate its contribution to the racial gap in cognition.

Methods
Using the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2020), we grouped individuals based on debt and asset information during the preretirement period of ages 55–61, including the absence of debt and the relative amount of debt compared to assets. Linear mixed models were used to examine the extent to which cognition in later life (ages 62–80) differs across these debt–asset profiles and its role in explaining the racial disparity in cognition.

Results
Compared with Whites, Blacks were more likely to fall into categories characterized by high debt-to-asset ratio (DAR) or limited asset ownership. Low-asset nonborrowers displayed the poorest cognition, followed closely by high-DAR borrowers. The Black–White differential in debt–asset profiles contributed to the racial gap in cognition.

Discussion
There were 2 unfavorable debt–asset profiles: high debt relative to assets and little or no debt due to a lack of assets, which was more prevalent among Blacks than Whites. We discuss how institutional and structural racism shapes Black–White disparities in debt–asset profiles, such as limited access to borrowing opportunities, thereby contributing to health inequalities, including cognition.
Green banana flour as a novel functional ingredient in retorted feline diets
Authors: Hsu Clare , White Brittany , Lambrakis Leah , Oba Patricia M , He Fei , Utterback Pamela , Parsons Carl M , de Godoy Maria R C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Green banana flour (GBF) is a novel ingredient that is high in resistant starch and could be a dietary fiber source in companion animal nutrition. In addition, with its light brown color and pectin content, GBF could potentially serve as a natural color additive and thickening agent in pet food manufacturing. The purpose of this research is to evaluate different sources of GBF, the effect of GBF on texture and color in canned foods, and its effect on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), fecal characteristics, and fecal fermentative end-products in healthy adult cats. Prior to the feline study, different sources of GBF were analyzed for chemical composition, manufacturing properties, true metabolizable energy, and fermentability. For the feline feeding trial, all treatment diets were formulated to meet or exceed the Association of American Feed Control Officials (Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) 2020. Official Publication. Champaign, IL.) guidelines for adult cat maintenance. There were five dietary treatments: rice control (4% rice flour), potato control (4% dehydrated potato flakes), 1% GBF (1% GBF and 3% rice flour), 2% GBF (2% GBF and 2% rice flour), and 4% GBF. All treatment diets were analyzed for texture and color. The animal study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 39 adult domestic cats. There was a 7-d diet adaptation period followed by a baseline fresh fecal collection to determine fecal score, pH, short-chain fatty acid, branched-chain fatty acid, phenol, indole, ammonia, and microbiota. The treatment period lasted for 21 d and a total fecal collection was performed during the last 4 d of this period to determine the ATTD. A fresh fecal sample was also collected during the total fecal collection to evaluate fecal score, pH, metabolites, and microbiota. The MIXED model procedures of SAS version 9.4 were used for statistical analysis. Treatment diets containing GBF had a lower hardness from the texture profile analysis (P &lt; 0.05). For color analysis, the 4% GBF diet was darker in color compared with the rice diet (P &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in food intake, fecal output, or ATTD of macronutrients among the treatment groups (P &gt; 0.05). There was no interaction of treatment and time or main effects shown in fecal score, pH, metabolites, or microbiota diversity (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, adding GBF to canned diets may affect the texture and color of the product, but GBF was comparable to traditional carbohydrate sources, rice, and potato, from a nutritional aspect.
Factors Predicting 90-Day Readmissions for US Older Adult Burn Patients From the 2016-2018 Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Yi Yangtian , Vrouwe Sebastian Q , Gottlieb Lawrence J , Rubin Daniel S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Older adults with burn injuries have a high risk of readmission after the initial burn admission. Frailty is associated with poor outcomes from the initial burn injury, however, it remains unknown if frailty impacts readmission in older adults after the initial index burn admission. Our study aims to examine patient, frailty, burn, surgical, and hospital factors that contribute to 90-day readmissions in older adults with an acute burn. Patients ≥ 50 years of age with an acute burn diagnosis in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (2016-2018) were included. Patients who died during index admissions were excluded from the readmission analysis. Patient, burn, hospital stay, and hospital characteristics were analyzed. Using variables significant from univariate logistic regression analysis, we performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with 90-day readmissions. A total of 41,500 weighted index burn admissions were included. The 90-day readmission rate was 25.6% (10,641/41,500). Almost all the readmissions were unplanned (96.5%). The most common primary readmission diagnoses based on Clinical Classifications Software Refined were burn injury and septicemia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated an increased hospital frailty risk and lower-body-only burns were associated with an increased risk of readmission. Notably, surgical treatment of the burn injury during the index admission was associated with a decreased risk of readmission. This highlights the importance and challenges of surgical decision-making for older adults with high comorbidity burden. Future studies are needed to develop decision guides to help clinicians identify patients who would benefit from surgical treatment versus more conservative strategies in older adult patients with burns.
A205 PRACTICE PATTERNS FOR EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN ADULTS VARY WIDELY AMONG CANADIAN GASTROENTEROLOGISTS: INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A NATIONWIDE SURVEY
Authors: Fetz A , Kim H , Moosavi S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic, type 2 immune-mediated, condition of the esophagus with increasing prevalence in Canada. Practice patterns among Canadian gastroenterologists are not well described.

Aims
To identify practice variation among Canadian gastroenterologists who care for adults with EoE.

Methods
A cross-sectional, web-based survey was distributed to Canadian gastroenterologists through the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology as well as administrations at Canadian universities.

Results
Of 53 respondents, 68% currently work in an academic setting. 77% manage at least 6 patients with EoE per year, with 19% managing over 50 patients per year.
51% of respondents obtain biopsies in every new patient presenting with an acute food bolus, while 26% take biopsies in less than 50% of cases or never at all. 36% take less than 5 biopsies on initial endoscopy with 23% only taking biopsies from one location in the esophagus. 58% are either unaware of the EoE Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) or never use it in clinical practice.
Most respondents (72%) prefer proton pump inhibitors as initial therapy while 17% prefer starting multiple treatment modalities. 9% use topical steroids initially. Only 6% keep their patients on topical steroids indefinitely, if started. Preferred dietary approach vary with 36% choosing 6-food elimination diet (FED), 23% 2-FED, 19% 4-FED, 13% milk-only elimination diet, 6% allergy test-directed diet, and 4% elemental diet. Only 17% feel very comfortable starting biologic therapies.
When evaluating treatment effectiveness, 23% use improving patient symptoms alone, while 74% include repeat histological assessments. 42% do not regularly screen for adaptive behaviours, such as excessive chewing, or texture modification and avoidance. In those who perform repeat endoscopic evaluation, 13% do so in less than 3 months after starting therapy, 32% in 3-5.9 months, 28% in 6-11.9 months, and 8% after a year. 11% will only repeat endoscopic evaluation if a patient reports symptom recurrence. 64% do not regularly refer to an allergist.
For guidance, 59% follow the American Gastroenterology Association 2020 guidelines, 34% American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022 guidelines, 4% British Society of Gastroenterology 2022 guidelines, while 21% do not use any guidelines. 83% feel Canadian guidelines would be useful in their practice.

Conclusions
EoE practice patterns among Canadian adult gastroenterologists vary widely, with management differing from the current consensus guidelines. Strategies aimed at decreasing these variations, such as the development of Canadian guidelines, are needed to standardize practice.

Funding Agencies
None
Transgender patient undergoing Rezum therapy: a case report
Authors: Sakhalkar Om V , Scanlan Luke , Klaassen Zachary , King Sherita A , Simmons Matthew N , Terris Martha K , SantaMaria Pablo J 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Rezūm is a relatively new, minimally invasive approach that utilizes vaporized water to ablate prostatic tissue surrounding the proximal urethra in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, of the many notable studies involving Rezūm’s effectiveness in men, none have documented use of Rezūm in the transgender community. With a growing population of transgender patients in the USA, prostate treatments will be offered for transgender women on a more regular basis. To the best of our knowledge, we introduce the first case of Rezūm being utilized to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia in a patient self-identifying as a woman.
Gastric necrosis secondary to gastric volvulus in a paraesophageal hernia: a case report
Authors: Bolliet Marine , Katuwal Binit , Kolachalam Ramachandra 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Hiatal hernias are commonly encountered in clinical practice. In certain cases, especially in large hiatal hernias, gastric volvulus can occur. Patients with volvulus typically will present with vomiting, chest pain, shortness of breath, and dysphagia. In extreme cases, gastric volvulus can result in gastric necrosis requiring partial or total gastrectomy. Here we highlight a case of a 76-year-old female with a known large type IV hiatal hernia who was found to have gastric volvulus with necrosis requiring partial sleeve gastrectomy. This case demonstrates the rare, but possible complication of gastric necrosis secondary to gastric volvulus from a large hiatal hernia, prompting emergent surgical intervention.
Physician-Patient Face Masking’s Influence on Post-Intravitreal Injection Endophthalmitis Rates
Authors: Liddle Conner , Capone Antonio , Trese Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
We sought to determine if universal face mask guidelines implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced the incidence of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections (IVI).

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study reviewed the electronic health records from a retina-only practice located in Michigan. The study evaluated patients receiving IVIs over two distinct time periods of April 2019-March 2020, and April 2020-March 2021, which made up our unmasked and masked groups, respectively. We then calculated the incidence of endophthalmitis following IVI and evaluated cases of post-injection endophthalmitis for both time periods.

Results:
There were a total of 121,384 intravitreal injections performed over the two year period of interest. Of these, there were 63,114 unmasked and 58,270 masked patient encounters. A total of 46 post-injection endophthalmitis cases were identified. Of these, 29 cases were from the unmasked period and 17 were from the masked period. This resulted in an incidence of endophthalmitis of 0.046% and 0.038% in the masked and unmasked groups, respectively. This difference did not rise to the level of statistical significance (p=0.1336).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the incidence of post-injections endophthalmitis was not influenced by the implementation of ophthalmologist-patient face masking after intravitreal injection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A dynamic nomogram for predicting intraoperative brain bulge during decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhuang Dongzhou , Li Tian , Xie Huan , Sheng Jiangtao , Chen Xiaoxuan , Li Xiaoning , Li Kangsheng , Chen Weiqiang , Wang Shousen 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The aim of this paper is to investigate the risk factors associated with intraoperative brain bulge, especially the CT value of the diseased lateral transverse sinus, and to develop a reliable predictive model to alert neurosurgeons to the possibility of intraoperative brain bulge.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 937 patients undergoing traumatic decompressive craniectomy. A total of 644 patients from Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University were included in the development cohort and 293 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College were included in the external validation cohort. Univariate and multifactorial logistic regression analyses identified independent risk factors associated with intraoperative brain bulge. The logistic regression models consisted of independent risk factors, and receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration, and decision curve analyses were used to assess the performance of the models. Various machine learning models were used to compare with the logistic regression model and analyze the importance of the factors, which were eventually jointly developed into a dynamic nomogram for predicting intraoperative brain bulge and published online in the form of a simple calculator.

Results:
Intraoperative brain expansion occurred in 93/644 (14.4%) patients in the developmental cohort, and 47/293 (16.0%) in the validation cohort. Univariate and multifactorial regression analyses showed that age, subdural hematoma, contralateral fracture, brain contusion, and CT value of the diseased lateral transverse sinus were associated with intraoperative brain bulge. A logistic regression model (full model) consisting of the above risk factors had excellent predictive power in both the development cohort (AUC=0.930) and the validation cohort (AUC=0.913). Among the four machine learning models, the Adaboost model showed the best predictive value (AUC=0.998). Factors in the Adaboost model were ranked by importance and combined with the full model to create a dynamic nomogram for clinical application, which was published online as a practical and easy-to-use calculator.

Conclusions:
The CT value of the diseased lateral transverse is an independent risk factor and a reliable predictor of intraoperative brain bulge. The online dynamic nomogram formed by combining logistic regression analysis models and machine learning models can more accurately predict the possibility of intraoperative brain bulge in patients undergoing traumatic decompressive craniectomy.
Change of indocyanine green clearance ability and liver function after transcatheter intraarterial therapies and its impact on outcomes of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gan Yi-Xiang , Yang Zi-Liang , Pan Yang-Xun , Ou-Yang Li-Ying , Tang Yu-Hao , Zhang Yao-Jun , Chen Min-Shan , Xu Li 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test is a classical measurement of hepatic reserve, which involves surgical safety and patient recovery of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to compare effects of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on liver function and outcomes of subsequent hepatectomy.

Material and Methods:
HCC patients receiving HAIC/TACE in SYSUCC with repeated ICG clearance tests were retrospectively enrolled. ICG eliminating rate (ICG-K), ICG retention rate at 15-minutes (ICG-R15) and ordinary laboratory tests were collected. Peri-therapeutic changes of values were compared between the groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) were employed to validate findings. Post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed in patients with subsequent curative hepatectomy.

Results:
204 patients treated with HAIC (n=130) and TACE (n=74) were included. ΔICG-R15 was greater in the HAIC arm before matching (mean, 3.8% vs. 0.7%, P<0.001), after PSM (mean, 4.7% vs. 1.1%, P=0.014) and IPTW (mean, 2.0% vs. –3.6%, P<0.001). No difference was found for ΔALB, ΔALBI, ΔTBIL, ΔALT, ΔAST and ΔPT-INR. Multivariable analyses revealed elder age, cirrhosis, HAIC, greater ΔTBIL and ΔALBI were associated with deteriorating ICG-R15. Among those (105 for HAIC and 48 for TACE) receiving hepatectomy, occurrence of grade B/C PHLF (4.8% vs. 8.3%, P=0.616), OS (median, unreached vs. unreached, P=0.94) and RFS (median, 26.7 vs. 17.1 mo, P=0.096) were comparable between the two arms. In subgroup analyses, preoperative HAIC yield superior RFS (median, 26.7 vs. 16.2 mo, P=0.042) in patients with baseline ICG-R15≤10%.

Conclusion:
Preoperative FOLFOX-HAIC caused apparent impairment of ICG clearance ability than TACE yet comparable impact on liver function and post-hepatectomy outcomes.