bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Problems, Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) Interventions, Time and Contacts Among Five Patient Groups
Authors: Brooten Dorothy , Youngblut JoAnne M. , Deatrick Janet , Naylor Mary , York Ruth 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To describe patient problems and APN interventions in each of five clinical trials and to establish links among patient problems, APN interventions, APN time and number of contacts, patient outcomes, and health care costs.Design and Methods: Analysis of 333 interaction logs created by APNs during five randomized controlled trials: (a) very low birthweight infants (n=39); (b) women with unplanned cesarean birth (n=61), (c) high‐risk pregnancy (n=44), and (d) hysterectomy (n=53); and (e) elders with cardiac medical and surgical diagnoses (n=139). Logs containing recordings of all APN interactions with participants, APN time and type of patient contact were content analyzed with the smallest phrase or sentence representing a “unit.” These units were then classified using the Omaha Classification System to determine patient problems and APN interventions. Groups were compared concerning total amount of APN time, number of contacts per patient, and mean length of time per APN contact. All studies were conducted in the United States.Findings: Groups with greater mean APN time and contacts per patient had greater improvements in patients' outcomes and greater health care cost savings. Of the 150,131 APN interventions, surveillance was the predominant APN function in all five patient groups. Health teaching, guidance, and counseling was the second most frequent category of APN intervention in four of the five groups. In all five groups, treatments and procedures accounted for < 1% of total APN interventions. Distribution of patient problems (N=150,131) differed across groups reflecting the health care problems common to the group.Conclusions: Dose of APN time and contacts makes a difference in improving patient outcomes and reducing health care costs. Skills needed by APNs in providing transitional care include well‐developed skills in assessing, teaching, counseling, communicating, collaborating, knowing health behaviors, negotiating systems, and having condition‐specific knowledge about different patient problems.
Factors Influencing Quality of Life in People with Chronic Illness in Korea
Authors: Han KuemSun , Lee PyoungSook , Lee SookJa , Park EunSook 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To identify factors influencing quality of life based on health‐promoting behavior in patients with chronic illness.Design and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted over 8 months in 2001 on 1,748 chronic adult outpatients at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Study variables and instruments were health perception, perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, social support, commitment of planned action, activity‐related affect, health‐promoting behavior, and quality of life.Results: The data indicated a statistically significant positive correlation among healthpromoting behavior, perceived benefits of action, self‐efficacy, social support, self‐esteem, health perception, activity‐related affect, and quality of life. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between perceived barriers to action and quality of life. Stepwise multiple regression showed that the most powerful predictor of quality of life was healthpromoting behavior. The combination of health‐promoting behavior, activity‐related affect, self‐esteem, health perception, commitment to planned action, social support, and perceived barriers to action accounted for 57% of the variance in quality of life.Conclusions: Multiple social, psychological, and health‐related factors were associated with quality of life.
Predictors of Condom Use Among Adolescent Thai Vocational Students
Authors: Thato Sathja , Charron‐Prochownik Denise , Dorn Lorah D. , Albrecht Susan A. , Stone Clement A. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of premarital sexual behavior and condom use, and to identify predictors of condom use using the expanded health belief model (EHBM) among vocational students in Bangkok, Thailand.Methods: A cross‐sectional correlational design was used with a cluster‐based sample of 425 students aged 18 to 22 years from eight randomly selected private vocational schools in Bangkok. Anonymous self‐report questionnaires were used to collect the data. Stepwise multiple regression was conducted to identify predictors of condom use.Results: Overall, 49.9% of participants were sexually active, 64.8% of men and 32% of women. Of the sexually active participants, only 6.3% reported using condoms every time when having sex in the beginning of the relationship, and 10.2% during the last few times. Twenty‐four percent of sexually active participants had unplanned pregnancies, and 7% had sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The predictive model of condom use consisted of perceived benefits from using condoms; interactions between intention to use condoms and gender: knowledge of STDs, HIV, AIDS, pregnancy and peer norms; and alcohol use and age. Adjusting for modifying factors, the predictor set explained 27% of the variance in condom use.Conclusions: Most of this sample of sexually active Thai vocational students practiced unsafe sex, and many had unplanned pregnancies and STDs. The EHBM provided a modest predictive model of condom use.
A Theoretical Explanation for Previously Infertile Mothers' Vulnerability to Depression
Authors: Olshansky Ellen 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To present a theoretical approach to understanding the potential vulnerability to depression in previously infertile new mothers.Methods: This approach was developed by synthesizing results of a series of grounded theory studies of experiences of infertility and pregnancy and of parenting after infertility. These results were further synthesized with the relational cultural theory (RCT).Findings: Previously infertile new mothers have experienced repeated and sustained interferences with significant relationships over the course of their infertility, which could lead to depression.Conclusions: Implications of this theoretical perspective include: (a) it is a new approach to understanding a significant and sometimes minimized issue in women's health; (b) it is a basis for designing an intervention for women coping with infertility and its aftermath; and (c) it might be applied to other women's health issues.
Professional Values Held by Baccalaureate and Associate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Martin Pam , Yarbrough Susan , Alfred Danita 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To determine the congruency in value orientation of graduating students in baccalaureate and associate degree programs.Design and Methods: A survey design with a convenience sample of 1,450 graduating nursing students from all baccalaureate and associate degree nursing programs in Texas. Data were collected using the Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS). Descriptive and parametric statistics were used for analysis.Findings: ADN and BSN students did not differ significantly on the NPVS total score, however, ADN students scored higher on 5 of the 11 subscales than did their BSN counterparts. Men from both programs scored significantly lower than did women on the total scale and all subscales. Ethnic groups differed on the responses to three of the subscales representing nurses' values: respect for human dignity, safeguarding the client and public, and collaborating to meet public health needs.Conclusions: Professional values in graduating nursing students were significantly related to sex and ethnicity, regardless of educational program. Nursing faculty members are challenged to address these differences during the educational process and mentoring of students.
Issues and Dilemmas in Conducting Research with Vulnerable Home Hospice Participants
Authors: Dobratz Marjorie C. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To describe issues and dilemmas related to nonparticipation, attrition, and needs for assistance in research with vulnerable home hospice participants.Design and Methods: Retrospective analysis, with descriptive statistics of the frequency of issues and dilemmas that occurred in a research study with a vulnerable population.Findings: From a group of 113 potential participants, 16 (14.1%) people who gave initial consent were unable to participate or were lost to the study (subset I) for the following reasons: unable to give informed consent, cognitive disturbance, and physical distress. Of the 97 participants who completed testing, 28 (28.8%) required assistance (subset II) because of poor vision, physical weakness, and other physical impairments.Conclusions: Loss of potential participants limited this study and hampered effect size. Research with home hospice patients required careful assessment for symptoms that precluded informed consent. Issues with cognition indicated need for a tool to assess mental acuity. Although several participants required assistance, those who completed testing expressed gratitude at being able to contribute information that they believed would benefit others.
Home Care Nurses' Descriptions of Important Agency Attributes
Authors: Flynn Linda , Deatrick Janet A. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To identify attributes of home care agencies described by nurses as important to their professional practice and job satisfaction.Design: Seven focus groups with home health care staff nurses were conducted at 6 home care agencies located in three states in the Mid‐Atlantic region of the United States. A total of 58 home care nurses participated in the study.Methods: Transcriptions of tape‐recorded focus groups were subjected to open and axial coding techniques.Results: Six major categories and eight subcategories of organizational attributes described by home care nurses as important to the support of their practice and job satisfaction were identified.Conclusions: Attributes described by home health nurses were not only similar to those described by hospital‐based nurses as reported in the ‘magnet hospital’ literature, but they also were consistent with key concepts described in theories of professional workforce organization. Findings provide insight into developing workplace environments to support home care nurses.
Bendazac Lysine Inhibition of Human Lens Epithelial Cell Adhesion to Polymethylmethacrylate Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Soldo Lucia , Ruggieri Alessandro , Milanese Claudio , Pinza Mario , Guglielmotti Angelo 
Published: April 2004

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of bendazac lysine on the human lens epithelial cell line HLE-B3 adhesion to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs). After adherence to IOLs, cells were incubated in the presence of the drug for 24 h. The number of cells contained in a 6-mm<sup>2</sup> area was then counted with an inverted phase microscope and adherent cells were distinguished from detached floating cells by focusing through the medium. Results obtained show that bendazac is able to induce a linear dose-dependent inhibition of HLE-B3 adhesiveness to PMMA IOLs. In particular, treatment with bendazac 33, 100 and 300 µ<i>M</i> resulted in a 15, 32 and 54% inhibition, respectively. Statistical analysis shows that this effect is significant at 100 µ<i>M</i> (p < 0.05) and 300 µ<i>M</i> (p < 0.01). The analysis of the effects of bendazac on the viability and on the proliferative capacity of HLE-B3 cells did not show any drug-related toxicity up to the concentration of 400 µ<i>M</i>. The present study demonstrates that bendazac lysine is able to inhibit adhesion of lens epithelial cells to PMMA IOLs and suggests the potential beneficial use of this drug in preventing secondary cataract development.
Study of the Homocysteine Status in Children with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Farid Farida A. , Faheem Mohamed S. , Heshmat Nahla M. , Shaheen Karim Y. , Saad Sherine S. 
Published: April 2004

<i>Background/Aims:</i> Vascular diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and they cannot be explained entirely by the prevalence of traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis. The role of hyperhomocysteinemia as an additional risk factor in the development of accelerated atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis in these patients has been suggested possibly due to homocysteine (Hcy) induced endothelial cell injury. This study was aimed at evaluation of the Hcy status in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) especially in those suffering from ESRD and the possible role of folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> therapy in the correction of hyperhomocysteinemia if present. <i>Methods:</i> This study included 40 patients with CRF, 30 on regular hemodialysis (HD) treatment (group I) and 10 on conservative (medical) treatment (group II) in comparison to 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls (group III). The basal serum levels of Hcy, folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> as well as plasma level of activated protein C resistance (APC-R) were measured in patients and controls. <i>Results:</i> The mean serum Hcy was significantly higher in those on regular HD (17.9 ± 10.07 µmol/l) in comparison to those on conservative treatment (8.05 ± 2.99 µmol/l) (p < 0.001) and controls (7.07 ± 2.24 µmol/l) (p < 0.001), while there was no significant variation between the latter two groups. The mean values of APC-R, folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> failed to show any significant difference in the three studied groups. No significant difference in the basal Hcy level between patients with previous history of vaso-occlusive disease and those without was found. Half of the patients on regular HD (group Ia) (n = 15) were given folic acid as 50 mg of 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate (the active form of folic acid) intravenously once weekly after the dialysis session for 4 weeks. The other half (group Ib) (n = 15) received in addition to folic acid therapy, vitamin B<sub>12</sub> 1,000 µg hydroxycobalamine once intramuscularly. After therapy the mean Hcy decreased significantly in those who received folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> (7.80 ± 3.77 µmol/l) (p < 0.001) to a level comparable to the basal levels in conservative and control groups, whereas a non-significant decrease was found in those who received folic acid only (13.3 ± 11.47 µmol/l) (p > 0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> Hcy is high in children with ESRD on regular HD and combined therapy of the active form of folic acid and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is of value in decreasing Hcy values comparable to that in controls.
Navigation and seasonal migratory orientation in juvenile sea turtles
Authors: Avens Larisa , Lohmann Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2004

SUMMARYJuvenile loggerhead and green turtles that inhabit inshore waters of North Carolina, USA undertake long seasonal migrations, after which they often return to specific feeding areas. In addition, juvenile turtles are capable of homing to specific sites after being displaced. As a first step towards investigating the navigational mechanisms that underlie these movements,juvenile turtles were captured in coastal waters of North Carolina and displaced 30–167 km along circuitous routes while deprived of visual cues. At the testing location, turtles were tethered in a circular arena and permitted to swim while their orientation was monitored. Between May and September, when juvenile loggerhead and green turtles inhabit feeding areas along the North Carolina coast, turtles oriented in directions that corresponded closely with the most direct route back to their capture locations. During October and November, however, both loggerhead and green turtles oriented southward, a direction consistent with the migratory paths of turtles beginning their autumn migration. The results demonstrate for the first time that both homing and migratory orientation can be elicited in juvenile turtles under laboratory conditions in which orientation cues can be readily manipulated. In addition, the results provide evidence that juvenile loggerheads can assess their position relative to a goal using local cues available at the test site and are therefore capable of map-based navigation.
A computational study of the aerodynamic forces and power requirements of dragonfly (Aeschna juncea) hovering
Authors: Sun Mao , Lan Shi Long 
Published: April 2004

SUMMARYAerodynamic force generation and mechanical power requirements of a dragonfly (Aeschna juncea) in hovering flight are studied. The method of numerically solving the Navier–Stokes equations in moving overset grids is used.When the midstroke angles of attack in the downstroke and the upstroke are set to 52° and 8°, respectively (these values are close to those observed), the mean vertical force equals the insect weight, and the mean thrust is approximately zero. There are two large vertical force peaks in one flapping cycle. One is in the first half of the cycle, which is mainly due to the hindwings in their downstroke; the other is in the second half of the cycle, which is mainly due to the forewings in their downstroke. Hovering with a large stroke plane angle (52°), the dragonfly uses drag as a major source for its weight-supporting force (approximately 65% of the total vertical force is contributed by the drag and 35% by the lift of the wings).The vertical force coefficient of a wing is twice as large as the quasi-steady value. The interaction between the fore- and hindwings is not very strong and is detrimental to the vertical force generation. Compared with the case of a single wing in the same motion, the interaction effect reduces the vertical forces on the fore- and hindwings by 14% and 16%, respectively,of that of the corresponding single wing. The large vertical force is due to the unsteady flow effects. The mechanism of the unsteady force is that in each downstroke of the hindwing or the forewing, a new vortex ring containing downward momentum is generated, giving an upward force.The body-mass-specific power is 37 W kg-1, which is mainly contributed by the aerodynamic power.
The use of power spectral analysis to determine cardiorespiratory control in the short-horned sculpinMyoxocephalus scorpius
Authors: Campbell H. A. , Taylor E. W. , Egginton S. 
Published: April 2004

SUMMARYAnaesthesia and minor surgery to place electrocardiogram recording electrodes in the short-horned sculpin caused a decrease in mean normal beat(R–R) interval and heart rate variability (HRV), measured as the standard deviation in the R–R interval (SDRR). Mean R–R interval increased to a steady state value (1.9±2.9 s) 72 h post-surgery, but SDRR took 120 h to stabilise (0.56±0.09 s). Power spectral analysis applied to recordings of instantaneous heart rate showed no spectral peaks immediately after surgery, with the development of twin peaks (at 0.02 and 0.05 Hz) that also became stable 120 h post surgery. Bilateral cardiac vagotomy abolished the variability in beat-to-beat interval, and both the high and low frequency peaks, suggesting that much of the regulation of heart rate and HRV in sculpin was under parasympathetic, cholinergic control that was withdrawn as a result of surgical and handling stress. Rate of oxygen consumption \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(({\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{O}_{2}})\) \end{document} and heart rate (fH) were monitored simultaneously and \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{O}_{2}}\) \end{document} showed a good correlation with both mean R–R interval(r2=–0.89) and SDRR (r2=0.93),although a more significant (ANCOVA, P=0.02) covariance existed between the post-surgical decrease in \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \({\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{O}_{2}}\) \end{document} and increase in SDRR. These data suggest that sculpin use fHas a way of moderating oxygen consumption, fine-tuned on a beat-to-beat basis by cholinergic control. We conclude that power spectral analysis is a useful method of determining HRV in fish, and that HRV is a more sensitive measure of recovery from disturbance than fH alone.
Hydrodynamic stimulation of dinoflagellate bioluminescence: a computational and experimental study
Authors: Latz Michael I. , Juhl Andrew R. , Ahmed Abdel M. , Elghobashi Said E. , Rohr Jim 
Published: April 2004

SUMMARYDinoflagellate bioluminescence provides a near-instantaneous reporter of cell response to flow. Although both fluid shear stress and acceleration are thought to be stimulatory, previous studies have used flow fields dominated by shear. In the present study, computational and experimental approaches were used to assess the relative contributions to bioluminescence stimulation of shear stress and acceleration in a laminar converging nozzle. This flow field is characterized by separate regions of pronounced acceleration away from the walls, and shear along the wall. Bioluminescence of the dinoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedrum and Ceratocorys horrida, chosen because of their previously characterized different flow sensitivities, was imaged with a low-light video system. Numerical simulations were used to calculate the position of stimulated cells and the levels of acceleration and shear stress at these positions. Cells were stimulated at the nozzle throat within the wall boundary layer where, for that downstream position, shear stress was relatively high and acceleration relatively low. Cells of C. horrida were always stimulated significantly higher in the flow field than cells of L. polyedrum and at lower flow rates, consistent with their greater flow sensitivity. For both species, shear stress levels at the position of stimulated cells were similar to but slightly greater than previously determined response thresholds using independent flow fields. L. polyedrum did not respond in conditions where acceleration was as high as 20 g. These results indicate that shear stress, rather than acceleration, was the stimulatory component of flow. Thus, even in conditions of high acceleration, dinoflagellate bioluminescence is an effective marker of shear stress.