bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expansion of global LNG trade and its implications for CH4 emissions mitigation
Authors: Gao SiJia , Zhang GuoSheng , Guan ChengHe , Mao HaoRan , Zhang Bo , Liu He 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the global trade in liquefied natural gas (LNG) has experienced significant growth, leading to a rise in the effect of embodied methane (CH4) emissions between economies. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of these CH4 emissions embodied within the global LNG trade and examines the associated network characteristics between the years 2011 and 2021. The findings reveal a substantial increase of 43.3% CH4 emissions embodied in global LNG trade, reaching a peak of 2.75 Tg in 2021, which equates to a monetary value exceeding 5 billion USD in terms of natural gas. Over the study period, these emissions aggregated to a total of 1987.92 Mt CO2-eq and 718.06 Mt CO2-eq, based on the respective global warming potential values over 20 year and 100 year timeframes. Our investigation of this complex network reveals the emergence of multiple robust hub economies, which have exerted significant influence over the dynamics of supply-demand in embodied CH4 trade, as well as the structure of trade communities. Notably, the Asia-Pacific trading community has exhibited exceptional growth and prominence in this market. Such growth is directly related to an increase in embodied CH4 emissions and their overall standing within this community’s network. The US has steadily attained dominance within an export-oriented community, which encompasses economies in South and North America, as well as certain regions of Europe. Moreover, the redistribution of LNG-related CH4 emissions among economies is significantly impacted by the intensity of production emissions and the volume of LNG trade. This reveals the potential of these hub economies to drive substantial reductions in CH4 emissions by implementing targeted energy and climate policies, which they have launched. Reinforcing coalitions and fostering closer collaboration within these communities can provide a robust foundation for technological advancements and transformative changes in trade structures.
Novel fluorescence approach for trace quantification of levonorgestrel in breast milk based on click reaction with benzonitrofurazan azide (NBD-AZ)
Authors: Aref Heba A , Salama Ismail , Aboukhatwa Shaimaa Mohamed , Helal Mohamed A , Kishk Safaa M , Elgawish Mohamed Saleh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although the great importance of oral contraceptive agents in birth control, their existence in breast milk became a cause for concern, since infant exposure to these hormones is associated with many health problems. Consequentially, developing a sensitive bioanalytical method for monitoring their concentrations in breast milk is an urgent demand to examine the safety or the risk of these compounds on infants. Levonorgestrel is one of the most common contraceptive hormones under concern. Despite the high sensitivity of the fluorometric methods, detection of Levonorgestrel by them is confined because its structure does not exhibit any fluorescence. For the first time, we proposed a promising click fluorescent probe, 4-azido-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole to react with the alkyne group of Levonorgestrel, to give a highly fluorescent triazole derivative that exhibited strong signal at wavelength of 544 nm after excitation at 470 nm. Reaction parameters impacting the fluorescence were cautiously studied and optimized. The suggested approach has been successfully applied in Levonorgestrel estimation in breast milk samples with linearity of (0.4–80 ng.ml−1) and low detection limit of 0.12 ng.ml−1 without interferences from any biological components and with mean % recovery of 97.84 ± 2.73. Accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, simplicity, and low-cost makes this approach a convincing, promising, and appealing alternative over reported analytical methods for Levonorgestrel bioanalysis in different matrices.
Study of plasma parameters of coaxial plasma source using triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup diagnostics
Authors: KANCHI Sunil , SHUKLA Rohit , SHARMA Archana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Coaxial plasma guns are a type of plasma source that produces plasma which propagates radially and axially controlled by the shape of the ground electrode, which has attracted much interest in several applications. In this work, a 120° opening angle of CPG nozzle is used as a plasma gun configuration that operates at the energy of 150 J. The ionization of polyethylene insulator between the electrodes of the gun produces a cloud of hydrogen and carbon plasma. The triple Langmuir probe and Faraday cup are used to measure plasma density and plasma temperature. These methods are used to measure the on-axis and off-axis plasma divergence of the coaxial plasma gun. The peak values of ion densities measured at a distance of 25 mm on-axis from the plasma gun are (1.6

0.5)

10

m

and (2.8

0.6)

10

m

for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively and the peak temperature is 3.02

0.5 eV. The mean propagation velocity of plasma is calculated using the transit times of plasma at different distances from the plasma gun and is found to be 4.54

0.25 cm/

s and 1.81

0.18 cm/

s for hydrogen and carbon plasma respectively. The Debye radius is obtained from the measured experimental data that satisfies the thin sheath approximation. The shot-to-shot stability of plasma parameters facilitates the use of plasma guns in laboratory experiments. These types of plasma sources can be used in many applications like plasma opening switches, plasma devices, and as plasma sources.
Optimization of visible photoluminescence emission from Ni-Zn ferrite thin films
Authors: Faramawy A M , El-Sayed H M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ni-Zn ferrite films with different thicknesses were prepared by the spray method, aiming to study the relationship between the annealing effect in an oxygen rich environment and the structural, optical properties and photoluminescence emission. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis used with Rietveld refinement showed that all prepared samples had a single spinel phase structure. Likewise, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed the phase formation of Ni-Zn ferrites by appearing in both of the two characteristic absorption bands which are related to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. For annealed thin film samples of Ni-Zn ferrite, the atomic force microscope (AFM) surface morphology exhibits pinning structure on the surface in nanoscale height, whereas for un-annealed samples, there are hills and valleys cover a broad region. The different electronic transitions were estimated from the UV-visible transmission spectrum. Strong photoluminescence (PL) intensity in the visible range was observed under the excitation of UV radiation. The intensity of the PL signal was strongest at a film thickness of 750 nm then decreased for higher thicknesses. This could be interpreted by using proposed energy level structures based on the transmission spectrum of the investigated samples. The strong PL intensity introduces the samples as a direct optical detector for UV radiation.
Age and Comorbidities Are Associated With Therapeutic Inertia Among Older Adults With Uncontrolled Blood Pressure
Authors: Hiura Grant T , Markossian Talar W , Probst Beatrice D , Tootooni Mohammad Samie , Wozniak Gregory , Rakotz Michael , Kramer Holly J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lack of initiation or escalation of blood pressure (BP) lowering medication when BP is uncontrolled, termed therapeutic inertia (TI), increases with age and may be influenced by comorbidities.

METHODS
We examined the association of age and comorbidities with TI in 22,665 visits with a systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg among 7,415 adults age ≥65 years receiving care in clinics that implemented a hypertension quality improvement program. Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine the association of comorbidity number with TI by age group (65–74 and ≥75 years) after covariate adjustment.

RESULTS
Baseline mean age was 75.0 years (SD 7.8); 41.4% were male. TI occurred in 79.0% and 83.7% of clinic visits in age groups 65–74 and ≥75 years, respectively. In age group 65–74 years, prevalence ratio of TI with 2, 3–4, and ≥5 comorbidities compared with zero comorbidities was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.12), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.12), and 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.20), respectively. The number of comorbidities was not associated with TI prevalence in age group ≥75 years. After implementation of the improvement program, TI declined from 80.3% to 77.2% in age group 65–74 years and from 85.0% to 82.0% in age group ≥75 years (P &lt; 0.001 for both groups).

CONCLUSIONS
TI was common among older adults but not associated with comorbidities after age ≥75 years. A hypertension improvement program had limited impact on TI in older patients.
Seed coat colour and structure are related to the seed dormancy and overwintering ability of crop-to-wild hybrid soybean
Authors: Zhang Li , Jia Ruizong , Liu Laipan , Shen Wenjing , Fang Zhixiang , Zhou Bin , Liu Biao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The possible persistence of genetically modified (GM) crop-to-wild hybrid seeds in the soil seed bank is a major concern in risk assessment and is closely related to seed characteristics such as dormancy. In the present study, we generated F3 hybrids via crosses between GM soybean accessions and wild soybean and evaluated the dormancy, overwintering ability and inheritance of foreign genes in different-coloured hybrid seeds (yellow, green, brown and black). The results revealed that the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase transgene may have no influence on crop wild hybrid seed dormancy and overwintering ability, and the dormancy of the hybrid seeds was closely related to seed coat colour. F3 hybrid seeds with light colours (yellow and green) were relatively nondormant, while seeds that were dark (brown and black) in colour were relatively dormant. Moreover, the hybrid seeds that were dark in colour had a much stronger overwintering ability than the lighter-coloured seeds, with 21.33 % of the black seeds and 33.33 % of the brown seeds remaining viable after 240 days of soil burial. In contrast, almost all the F3 yellow and green seeds were no longer viable during winter. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lighter-coloured seeds had a thin palisade layer and very few surface deposits, while the darker-coloured seeds had a thicker palisade layer and a large area of honeycomb-like surface deposits similar to those of wild soybean seeds. Thus, the physical dormancy and overwintering ability of the darker-coloured seeds may be related to the seed coat. Our results suggest that transgenes of GM soybean might disperse into wild populations and persist in seed banks.
pyPESTO: a modular and scalable tool for parameter estimation for dynamic models
Authors: Schälte Yannik , Fröhlich Fabian , Jost Paul J , Vanhoefer Jakob , Pathirana Dilan , Stapor Paul , Lakrisenko Polina , Wang Dantong , Raimúndez Elba , Merkt Simon , Schmiester Leonard , Städter Philipp , Grein Stephan , Dudkin Erika , Doresic Domagoj , Weindl Daniel , Hasenauer Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Summary
Mechanistic models are important tools to describe and understand biological processes. However, they typically rely on unknown parameters, the estimation of which can be challenging for large and complex systems. pyPESTO is a modular framework for systematic parameter estimation, with scalable algorithms for optimization and uncertainty quantification. While tailored to ordinary differential equation problems, pyPESTO is broadly applicable to black-box parameter estimation problems. Besides own implementations, it provides a unified interface to various popular simulation and inference methods.

Availability and implementation
pyPESTO is implemented in Python, open-source under a 3-Clause BSD license. Code and documentation are available on GitHub (https://github.com/icb-dcm/pypesto).
Reimagining Approaches to Out-of-School Time Spaces That Center Youth
Authors: Greer Carl Donovan , Fosl Lyrah Grace , Mitchell Brandon D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The beginning of 2020 marked the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and a new reality. Mainstream learning loss discourse emerged as young people faced new social challenges and rising inequities. However, how we define some of these challenges may pose new barriers to equity promotion. Deficit-based narratives often negatively construct youth identities and intertwine with neoliberal forces and systemic inequities. Out-of-school time (OST) spaces offer hope and opportunity for a re-envisioned environment to centralize youth voice and provide critical time for leisure and reconnection. In this article, authors explore the strategies that can exist between youth workers and social workers in cultivating OST spaces for young people to engage with complex social justice development in humane, nurturing, and respectful environments. Authors center the argument for shifting away from extractive neoliberal models that commodify youth, the importance of becoming cognizant of OST’s impact on young people’s development, and raising awareness of the possibilities within OST spaces through youth-focused frameworks.
Artificial intelligence–enabled assessment of right ventricular to pulmonary artery coupling in patients undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention
Authors: Fortmeier Vera , Lachmann Mark , Stolz Lukas , von Stein Jennifer , Unterhuber Matthias , Kassar Mohammad , Gerçek Muhammed , Schöber Anne R , Stocker Thomas J , Omran Hazem , Körber Maria I , Hesse Amelie , Harmsen Gerhard , Friedrichs Kai Peter , Yuasa Shinsuke , Rudolph Tanja K , Joner Michael , Pfister Roman , Baldus Stephan , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Windecker Stephan , Praz Fabien , Lurz Philipp , Hausleiter Jörg , Rudolph Volker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
Right ventricular to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling has been established as a prognostic marker in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVI). RV-PA coupling assesses right ventricular systolic function related to pulmonary artery pressure levels, which are ideally measured by right heart catheterization. This study aimed to improve the RV-PA coupling concept by relating tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) to mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) levels. Moreover, instead of right heart catheterization, this study sought to employ an extreme gradient boosting (XGB) algorithm to predict mPAP levels based on standard echocardiographic parameters.

Methods and results
This multicentre study included 737 patients undergoing TTVI for severe TR; among them, 55 patients from one institution served for external validation. Complete echocardiography and right heart catheterization data were available from all patients. The XGB algorithm trained on 10 echocardiographic parameters could reliably predict mPAP levels as evaluated on right heart catheterization data from external validation (Pearson correlation coefficient R: 0.68; P value: 1.3 × 10−8). Moreover, predicted mPAP (mPAPpredicted) levels were superior to echocardiographic systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAPechocardiography) levels in predicting 2-year mortality after TTVI [area under the curve (AUC): 0.607 vs. 0.520; P value: 1.9 × 10−6]. Furthermore, TAPSE/mPAPpredicted was superior to TAPSE/sPAPechocardiography in predicting 2-year mortality after TTVI (AUC: 0.633 vs. 0.586; P value: 0.008). Finally, patients with preserved RV-PA coupling (defined as TAPSE/mPAPpredicted &gt; 0.617 mm/mmHg) showed significantly higher 2-year survival rates after TTVI than patients with reduced RV-PA coupling (81.5% vs. 58.8%, P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, independent association between TAPSE/mPAPpredicted levels and 2-year mortality after TTVI was confirmed by multivariate regression analysis (P value: 6.3 × 10−4).

Conclusion
Artificial intelligence–enabled RV-PA coupling assessment can refine risk stratification prior to TTVI without necessitating invasive right heart catheterization. A comparison with conservatively treated patients is mandatory to quantify the benefit of TTVI in accordance with RV-PA coupling.
Mitral re-valve-in-valve as a new perspective for high-risk patients with prosthetic valve dysfunction: case reports
Authors: Dal Piaz Matheus Ramos , Pires Lucas Tachotti , Herrera Jonathan Cayo Urdiales , Labat André Luis Bezerra , Cividanes Felipe Reale , Spina Guilherme Sobreira , Palma José Honório , Tarasoutchi Flávio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Mitral valve diseases are a common medical condition, and surgery is the most used therapeutic approach. The need for less invasive interventions led to the development of transcatheter valve implantation in high-risk patients. However, the treatment to the dysfunctions of these prosthetic valves is still uncertain, and the yield and safety of repeated transcatheter valve implantations remain unclear.

Cases summary
A 69-year-old Caucasian woman with three previous mitral valve procedures performed due to rheumatic valve disease (currently with a biological prosthetic mitral valve) and a 76-year-old Latin woman with previous liver transplantation (due to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) and biological mitral prosthesis due to mitral valve prolapse with severe regurgitation underwent mitral valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter implantation at the time of dysfunction of their surgical prostheses. Later, these patients developed prosthetic valve dysfunction and clinical worsening, requiring another invasive procedure. Due to maintained high-risk status and unfavourable clinical conditions for surgery, re-valve-in-valve (re-ViV) was performed.

Discussion
Valve-in-valve transcatheter mitral valve implantation was approved in 2017, and, since then, it has been used in several countries, mainly in high-risk patients. Nevertheless, these prosthetic valves may complicate with stenosis or regurgitation, demanding reinterventions. Although there are favourable data for mitral ViV, re-ViV still lacks robust data to support its performance, with only case reports in the literature so far. It is possible that in high-risk patients, there is a greater benefit from re-ViV when compared with the surgical strategy. However, this hypothesis must be studied in future controlled trials.
Development and internal validation of machine learning–based models and external validation of existing risk scores for outcome prediction in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Axford Daniel , Sohel Ferdous , Abedi Vida , Zhu Ye , Zand Ramin , Barkoudah Ebrahim , Krupica Troy , Iheasirim Kingsley , Sharma Umesh M , Dugani Sagar B , Takahashi Paul Y , Bhagra Sumit , Murad Mohammad H , Saposnik Gustavo , Yousufuddin Mohammed 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aims
We developed new machine learning (ML) models and externally validated existing statistical models [ischaemic stroke predictive risk score (iScore) and totalled health risks in vascular events (THRIVE) scores] for predicting the composite of recurrent stroke or all-cause mortality at 90 days and at 3 years after hospitalization for first acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).

Methods and results
In adults hospitalized with AIS from January 2005 to November 2016, with follow-up until November 2019, we developed three ML models [random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBOOST)] and externally validated the iScore and THRIVE scores for predicting the composite outcomes after AIS hospitalization, using data from 721 patients and 90 potential predictor variables. At 90 days and 3 years, 11 and 34% of patients, respectively, reached the composite outcome. For the 90-day prediction, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.779 for RF, 0.771 for SVM, 0.772 for XGBOOST, 0.720 for iScore, and 0.664 for THRIVE. For 3-year prediction, the AUC was 0.743 for RF, 0.777 for SVM, 0.773 for XGBOOST, 0.710 for iScore, and 0.675 for THRIVE.

Conclusion
The study provided three ML-based predictive models that achieved good discrimination and clinical usefulness in outcome prediction after AIS and broadened the application of the iScore and THRIVE scoring system for long-term outcome prediction. Our findings warrant comparative analyses of ML and existing statistical method–based risk prediction tools for outcome prediction after AIS in new data sets.
The one-minute sit-to-stand test (1-min STST) and its relationship to quality of life (QoL) in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH)
Authors: Kronberger C , Willixhofer R , Dachs T , Rettl R , Camuz Ligios L , Badr Eslam R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have a decreased functional capacity and poor quality of life (QoL). The one-minute sit-to-stand test (1-min STST) can be potentially used for functional capacity assessment, but there is no data to date on its relationship to QoL in PH patients.

Aims
Our aim was to find out if 1-min STST performance correlates to patient-reported QoL.

Methods
106 PH patients (mean age 66 ± 15 years, 57% female) were prospectively assessed for cardiorespiratory fitness using the 1-min STST. The patients had to stand-up and sit-down from a chair as many times as possible within one minute. Patients QoL was evaluated with the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) questionnaire.

Results
Mean number of 1-min STST repetitions was 16 ± 6.5 and mean CAMPHOR score was 26 ± 19. Patients with worse 1-min STST performance reported significantly worse QoL concerning the total score and all the sub-scores of the CAMPHOR questionnaire: They had a higher total score (r = -0.533, p &lt; 0.001) and regarding sub-scores more symptoms: (r = -0.457, p &lt; 0.001), worse functioning (r = -0.524, p &lt; 0.001) and decreased QoL (r = -0.505, p &lt; 0.001). Also, in multivariable linear regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex and BMI, lower 1-min STST performance was an independent predictor for worse QoL (β⁠ = -1.5, p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Our results indicate that regardless of age, sex and BMI the 1-min STST performance is associated with QoL in patients with PH.