bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective analysis of incident disease among individuals of diverse ancestries using genetic and conventional risk factors
Authors: Wang Wei , Eriksson Nicholas , McIntyre Matthew , Quetglas Rafaela Bagur , Koelsch Bertram L. , Hinds David A. , Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Holmes Michael V. , Shringarpure Suyash S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman genetics provides opportunities for enhancing disease prediction through polygenic risk scores (PRS).MethodWe used a dataset from 23andMe (6.77M European, 1.30M Latine, and 0.45M African American individuals). Using cross-sectional data for PRS construction and a prospective cohort for evaluation, we estimated PRS-associated cumulative incidences after one year of follow-up for 12 clinical endpoints.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of disease at one year was consistently higher among individuals in the top 10% of each PRS. Relative risks (RRs) comparing top to bottom 10% of PRS differed across diseases (e.g. European RR 2.12 for eczema vs 12.53 for T2D). Estimates were similar between Europeans and Latines however were more modest for African Americans (e.g. T2D RR 10.92 for Latines vs. 4.00 for African Americans). Clinical manifestation occurred earlier among those in top vs bottom 10% of polygenic risk: 16yrs for hypertension, and 9.5yrs for T2D. Among participants at elevated conventional risk of CHD or T2D, those in the top 10% PRS had a 10-20 fold higher RR of disease incidence vs those not at conventional risk. Among individuals at high polygenic risk of CHD or T2D, favorable lifestyle characteristics associated with 64-73% lower RR of developing disease over 1-year, with cumulative incidence equivalent to the population average.ConclusionIn an ancestrally-diverse cohort, individuals in the top 10% PRS had higher 1-year disease incidence and earlier age of clinical manifestation. PRS provided risk stratification beyond conventional risk factors. Lifestyle characteristics markedly lowered disease incidence among those at elevated polygenic risk.
Predicting new onset thought disorder in early adolescence with optimized deep learning implicates environmental-putamen interactions
Authors: de Lacy Nina , Ramshaw Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThought disorder (TD) is a sensitive and specific marker of risk for schizophrenia onset. Specifying factors that predict TD onset in adolescence is important to early identification of youth at risk. However, there is a paucity of studies prospectively predicting TD onset in unstratified youth populations.Study DesignWe used deep learning optimized with artificial intelligence (AI) to analyze 5,777 multimodal features obtained at 9-10 years from youth and their parents in the ABCD study, including 5,014 neural metrics, to prospectively predict new onset TD cases at 11-12 years. The design was replicated for all prevailing TD cases at 11-12 years.Study ResultsOptimizing performance with AI, we were able to achieve 92% accuracy and F1 and 0.96 AUROC in prospectively predicting the onset of TD in early adolescence. Structural differences in the left putamen, sleep disturbances and the level of parental externalizing behaviors were specific predictors of new onset TD at 11-12 yrs, interacting with low youth prosociality, the total parental behavioral problems and parent-child conflict and whether the youth had already come to clinical attention. More important predictors showed greater inter-individual variability.ConclusionsThis study provides robust person-level, multivariable signatures of early adolescent TD which suggest that structural differences in the left putamen in late childhood are a candidate biomarker that interacts with psychosocial stressors to increase risk for TD onset. Our work also suggests that interventions to promote improved sleep and lessen parent-child psychosocial stressors are worthy of further exploration to modulate risk for TD onset.
Automated 3D multi-color single-molecule localization microscopy
Authors: Power Rory M. , Tschanz Aline , Zimmermann Timo , Ries Jonas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince its inception, single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) has enabled imaging scientists to visualize biological structures with unprecedented resolution. Particularly powerful implementations capable of 3D, multi-color and high-throughput imaging have yielded key biological insights although widespread access to such technologies has been limited. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a guide for interested researchers to establish high-end SMLM in their laboratories. We detail the initial configuration and subsequent assembly of the SMLM, including instructions for alignment of all optical pathways, software/hardware integration and operation of the instrument. We describe validation steps including the preparation and imaging of test- and biological samples with structures of well-defined geometry and assist the user in troubleshooting and benchmarking performance. Additionally, we provide a walkthrough of the reconstruction of a super-resolved dataset from acquired raw images using the Super-resolution Microscopy Analysis Platform (SMAP). Depending on the instrument configuration, the cost of components is in the range $80,000 – 160,000, a fraction of the cost of a commercial instrument. A builder with some experience of optical systems is expected to require 3 - 6 months from the start of system construction to attain high-quality 3D and multi-color biological images.
Super-Resolution Imaging of Fast Morphological Dynamics of Neurons in Behaving Animals
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Bai Lu , Wang Xin , Zhao Yuchen , Zhang Tianlei , Ye Lichen , Du Xufei , Zhang Zhe , Du Jiulin , Wang Kai 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYNeurons are best studied in their native working states in which their functional and morphological dynamics support animals’ natural behaviors. Super-resolution microscopy can potentially reveal these dynamics in much higher details but has been challenging in behaving animals due to severe motion artifacts. Here, we report multiplexed line-scanning structured illumination microscopy, which could tolerate motions of up to 50 μm/s while achieving 150 and 100 nm lateral resolutions in its linear and nonlinear forms respectively over large fields-of-view. We continuously imaged the dynamics of spinules in dendritic spines and axonal boutons volumetrically over thousands of frames and tens of minutes in mouse brains during sleep-wake cycles. Super-resolution imaging of axonal boutons revealed their prevalent spinule dynamics on a scale of seconds. Simultaneous two-color imaging further enabled analyses of the correlation between the spatial distributions of diverse PSD-95 clusters and the structural dynamics of dendrites in the brains of awake mice.
Structural Requirements for Reverse Transcription by a Diversity-generating Retroelement
Authors: Handa Sumit , Biswas Tapan , Chakraborty Jeet , Ghosh Gourisankar , Paul Blair G. , Ghosh Partho 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDiversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) create massive protein sequence variation in ecologically diverse microbes. Variation occurs during reverse transcription of a protein-encoding RNA template coupled to misincorporation at adenosines. In the prototypicalBordetellabacteriophage DGR, the template must be surrounded by upstream and downstream RNA segments for cDNA synthesis by the reverse transcriptase bRT and associated protein Avd. The function of the surrounding RNA was unknown. Cryo-EM revealed that this RNA enveloped bRT and lay over barrel-shaped Avd, forming an intimate ribonucleoprotein (RNP).An abundance of essential interactions between RNA structural elements and bRT-Avd precisely positioned an RNA homoduplex for initiation of cDNA synthesis bycis-priming. Our results explain how the surrounding RNA primes cDNA synthesis, promotes processivity, terminates polymerization, and strictly limits mutagenesis to select proteins through mechanisms that are likely conserved in DGRs from distant taxa.
Viral envelope proteins fused to multiple distinct fluorescent reporters to probe receptor binding
Authors: Tomris Ilhan , van der Woude Roosmarijn , de Paiva Droes Rocha Rebeca , Torrents de la Peña Alba , Ward Andrew B. , de Vries Robert P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEnveloped viruses carry one or multiple proteins with receptor binding functionalities. Functional receptors can either be glycans, proteinaceous or both, recombinant protein approaches are instrumental to gain more insight into these binding properties. Visualizing and measuring receptor binding normally entails antibody detection or direct labelling, whereas direct fluorescent fusions are attractive tools in molecular biology. Here we report a suite of different fluorescent fusions, both N- and/or C-terminal, for influenza A virus hemagglutinins and SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD. The proteins contained a total of three or six fluorescent protein barrels and were applied directly to cells to determine receptor binding properties.
Diurnal control of iron responsive element containing mRNAs through iron regulatory proteins IRP1 and IRP2 is mediated by feeding rhythms
Authors: Nadimpalli Hima Priyanka , Katsioudi Georgia , Arpa Enes Salih , Chikhaoui Lies , Arpat Alaaddin Bulak , Liechti Angelica , Palais Gaël , Tessmer Claudia , Hofmann Ilse , Galy Bruno , Gatfield David 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCellular iron homeostasis is regulated by iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and IRP2) that sense iron levels (and other metabolic cues) and modulate mRNA translation or stability via interaction with iron regulatory elements (IREs). IRP2 is viewed as the primary regulator in liver, yet our previous datasets showing diurnal rhythms for certain IRE-containing mRNAs suggest a nuanced temporal control mechanism. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the daily regulatory dynamics across IRE-bearing mRNAs, specific IRP involvement, and underlying systemic and cellular rhythmicity cues in mouse liver.ResultsWe uncover high-amplitude diurnal oscillations in the regulation of key IRE containing transcripts in liver, compatible with maximal IRP activity at the onset of the dark phase. Although IRP2 protein levels also exhibit some diurnal variations and peak at the light-dark transition, ribosome profiling in IRP2-deficient mice reveals that maximal repression of target mRNAs at this time-point still occurs. We further find that diurnal regulation of IRE-containing mRNAs can continue in the absence of a functional circadian clock as long as feeding is rhythmic.ConclusionsOur findings suggest temporally controlled redundancy in IRP activities, with IRP2 mediating regulation of IRE-containing transcripts in the light phase and redundancy, conceivably with IRP1, at dark onset. Moreover, we highlight the significance of feeding-associated signals in driving rhythmicity. Our work highlights the dynamic nature and regulatory complexity in a metabolic pathway that had previously been considered well-understood.
Host tracheal and intestinal microbiomes inhibitCoccidioidesgrowthin vitro
Authors: Tejeda-Garibay Susana , Zhao Lihong , Hum Nicholas R. , Pimentel Maria , Diep Anh L. , Amiri Beheshta , Sindi Suzanne S. , Weilhammer Dina R. , Loots Gabriela G. , Hoyer Katrina K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCoccidioidomycosis, also known as Valley fever, is a disease caused by the fungal pathogenCoccidioides. Unfortunately, patients are often misdiagnosed with bacterial pneumonia leading to inappropriate antibiotic treatment. Soil bacteriaB. subtilis-like species exhibits antagonistic properties againstCoccidioides in vitro; however, the antagonistic capabilities of host microbiota againstCoccidioidesare unexplored. We sought to examine the potential of the tracheal and intestinal microbiomes to inhibit the growth ofCoccidioides in vitro. We hypothesized that an uninterrupted lawn of microbiota obtained from antibiotic-free mice would inhibit the growth ofCoccidioideswhile partialin vitrodepletion through antibiotic disk diffusion assays would allow a niche for fungal growth. We observed that the microbiota grown on 2xGYE (GYE) and CNA w/ 5% sheep’s blood agar (5%SB-CNA) inhibited the growth ofCoccidioides, but that grown on chocolate agar does not. Partial depletion of the microbiota through antibiotic disk diffusion revealed that microbiota depletion leads to diminished inhibition and comparable growth ofCoccidioidesgrowth to controls. To characterize the bacteria grown and narrow down potential candidates contributing to the inhibition ofCoccidioides, 16s rRNA sequencing of tracheal and intestinal agar cultures and murine lung extracts was performed. The identity of host bacteria that may be responsible for this inhibition was revealed. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the host microbiota to inhibit the growth ofCoccidioides in vitroand suggest that an altered microbiome through antibiotic treatment could negatively impact effective fungal clearance and allow a niche for fungal growthin vivo.ImportanceCoccidioidomycosis is caused by a fungal pathogen that invades host lungs, causing respiratory distress. In 2019, 20,003 cases of Valley fever were reported to the CDC. However, this number likely vastly underrepresents the true number of Valley fever cases as many go undetected due to poor testing strategies and lack of diagnostic models. Valley fever is also often misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia, resulting in 60-80% of patients being treated with antibiotics prior to accurate diagnosis. Misdiagnosis contributes to a growing problem of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic induced microbiome dysbiosis, and the implications on disease outcome are currently unknown. 5%-10% of symptomatic Valley fever patients develop disseminated and/or chronic disease. Valley fever causes a significant financial burden and reduced quality of life. Little is known regarding what factors contribute to the development of chronic infection and treatments for disease are limited.
Wearable real-time multi-health parameter monitoring system
Authors: Qin WenFeng , Xue Yunsheng , Peng Hao , Li Gang , Chen Wang , Zhao Xin , Pang Jie , Zhou Bin 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to design a wearable medical device as a human care platform and to introduce the design details, key technologies and practical implementation methods of the system.Design/methodology/approachA multi-channel data acquisition scheme based on PCI-E (rapid interconnection of peripheral components) was proposed. The flexible biosensor is integrated with the flexible data acquisition card with monitoring capability, and the embedded (device that can operate independently) chip STM32F103VET6 is used to realize the simultaneous processing of multi-channel human health parameters. The human health parameters were transferred to the upper computer LabVIEW by intelligent clothing through USB or wireless Bluetooth to complete the transmission and processing of clinical data, which facilitates the analysis of medical data.FindingsThe smart clothing provides a mobile medical cloud platform for wearable medical through cloud computing, which can continuously monitor the body's wrist movement, body temperature and perspiration for 24 h. The result shows that each channel is completely accurate to the top computer display, which can meet the expected requirements, and the wearable instant care system can be applied to healthcare.Originality/valueThe smart clothing in this study is based on the monitoring and diagnosis of textiles, and the electronic communication devices can cooperate and interact to form a wearable textile system that provides medical monitoring and prevention services to individuals in the fastest and most accurate way. Each channel of the system is precisely matched to the display screen of the host computer and meets the expected requirements. As a real-time human health protection platform technology, continuous monitoring of human vital signs can complete the application of human motion detection, medical health monitoring and human–computer interaction. Ultimately, such an intelligent garment will become an integral part of our everyday clothing.
Do retail and institutional investors react differently to earnings management? Evidence from Indian IPOs
Authors: Priyesh V.P. , Jijo Lukose P.J. 
Published: October 2023

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of pre-IPO earnings management on investor demand in the Indian IPO market. It also examines whether earnings management by issuer firms affects IPO valuation, a topic that is underexplored in accounting research.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses the data of 310 IPOs from India during the period 2000–2021. The association between pre-IPO earnings management with investor demand and valuation is tested using cross-sectional ordinary least squares regression models with heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors.FindingsThe study finds that the degree of pre-IPO earnings management impacts retail investor demand, measured as their over-subscription multiple. Pre-IPO earnings management is unrelated to institutional investor bidding. Further, this paper suggests no relation between pre-IPO earnings management and IPO valuation.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies could explore various other forms of earnings management and their impact on investor demand and valuation.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will help the investors and regulators to understand the practice of earnings management among IPO firms and how it is related to IPO demand and valuation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on IPO-earnings management and investor demand by documenting that issuer firms engage in earnings management to influence investor demand, particularly retail investor demand. Analysis of IPO valuation reveals that earnings management is mostly unrelated to IPO valuation, contrary to the general perception in the literature.
What sorts of public value are Thai public business schools aiming to realise?
Authors: Koowattanatianchai Nattawoot , Charles Michael B. , Kortt Michael A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examines the types of public value that Thai public business schools aim to realise. The study draws on publicly available data relating to the mission statements of these schools and follows a recognised research approach for analysing data from mission statements. It also compared these results to those found in Thai private universities, as well as in Australian universities, where a similar study has recently been undertaken. Our results indicate that there are currently four distinct types of public business schools in Thailand based on their public value propositions: Society‐oriented Schools, Graduate‐producing Schools, Socially‐responsible Leadership Schools, and Internationally‐oriented Schools. While the first two concentrate on creating value for Thai society and businesses, the latter two concentrate on more holistic outcomes, have less of a Thailand‐centric focus, and are more likely to be members of international accreditation bodies. An analysis of the private schools provided broadly similar outcomes, likely because both public and private universities are subjected to the same political and cultural expectations. In an increasingly competitive business education market, some Thai public business schools may shift from simply supplying graduates to Thai businesses to embracing more globally relevant public value propositions, especially if they wish to pursue international accreditation. A greater emphasis on engagement and working with professional bodies will also likely be essential.
Emergency department presentations for chest complaints after mRNA COVID‐19 vaccinations in children and adolescents
Authors: Parr Mandy , Wilson Catherine L , Jones Bryn , Crawford Nigel W , Ferguson Steven , Ramesh Sailavan , Eapen Nitaa , Craig Simon , Hearps Stephen , Babl Franz E ,   Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) Research Network
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate characteristics and management of children presenting with chest complaints to a tertiary paediatric ED post‐mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine.MethodsThis was a retrospective medical record review with data linkage to the Australian Immunisation Register. The study setting was the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Children <18 years who had a troponin blood test performed in hospital within 14 days of receiving mRNA COVID‐19 vaccination were included. Elevated troponin and myocarditis or pericarditis as per Brighton criteria was the primary outcome. Vaccination status, length of stay, investigations and clinical management were secondary outcomes.ResultsSix hundred and ten patients had a troponin test in 13 months. After exclusion of trauma‐related tests (n = 31), known cardiac patients (n = 75) and others (n = 145), 359 troponins were obtained due to chest complaints and related symptoms, with 283 troponins assessed to be mRNA vaccination‐related. There was a temporal peak in presentations with a 30‐fold monthly increase in troponin post‐commencement of mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines. In those with chest complaints following mRNA vaccination, mean age was 14 years and 50.4% were female. Fourteen out of 283 (5%) vaccine‐related troponins were abnormal with 14 patients assessed to have vaccine‐associated myocarditis. No patients had pericarditis.ConclusionsThere was a large number of possible mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine‐related chest complaints presenting to the ED. Few patients had abnormal troponins or myocarditis.