bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strophe Length in Spontaneous Songs Predicts Male Response to Playback in the Hoopoe Upupa epops
Authors: Martín‐Vivaldi Manuel , Palomino José J. , Soler Manuel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractHoopoe (Upupa epops, Coraciformes) males produce a very simple song during the breeding season in order to attract females and repel intruders. Strophes vary in length (i.e. number of elements) both within and between males, and previous studies have shown that this song cue is positively correlated with male condition and breeding success. In the present study we tested whether strophe length of males influences male behaviour during intra‐sexual contests, in a colour‐ringed population in southeast Spain. Paired males were presented with a recorded song with long strophes during the pre‐laying period, while they were near their mates, in order to provoke male mate‐defence behaviour. Most males responded to the playback, but the strategy of defence adopted depended on their own strophe length in spontaneous songs recorded before the experiments. While singing responses were common to most of the males, only those using long strophes adopted the most risky strategy of approaching the loudspeaker. However, the males that approached produced abnormal songs during playback, that were shorter and with fewer strophes than those of males that did not approach, and used shorter strophes in comparison with spontaneous songs before the experiment. These differences in quality of the song produced in response to the playback suggest that long‐strophe males were basing their response mainly on attacking rather than singing, while short‐strophe males tried to resolve the contest at a distance by means of their song. These results show that strophe length reflects some component of the competitive ability of males (either physical strength or aggressiveness) in the hoopoe, which together with previous results regarding its role for female choice, show that it is a sexual signal with dual function.
Feeding on Profitable and Unprofitable Prey: Comparing Behaviour of Growth‐Enhanced Transgenic and Normal Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Fredrik Sundström L. , Lõhmus Mare , Devlin Robert H. , Johnsson Jörgen I. , Biagi Carlo A. , Bohlin Torgny 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWe compared the performance of normal and growth hormone‐transgenic coho salmon feeding on surface drifting edible and inedible novel prey items in various social environments. With an inherently higher appetite, we predicted that transgenic fish would be more willing to feed on novel prey, and that visual company with another fish would enhance this difference further. Transgenic and normal fish, of similar size and age, were equally willing to attack both the edible (live insects) and inedible (artificial angling lure flies) prey, but transgenic fish did so faster and were more likely to make repeated attacks. Transgenic fish managed to seize and consume the edible prey after fewer attacks than did normal fish. However, swallowing of prey took longer than for normal fish. More transgenic individuals interacted with the inedible prey compared with normal salmon, and initially, transgenic fish in visual company with another fish also interacted more with the prey than single transgenic or any constellation of normal focal fish. With repeated exposures, the number of individuals attacking and the number of interactions with the prey decreased. These responses were stronger in transgenic fish, partly explained by the initially low response in normal fish. The observed differences are most likely the consequences of elevated levels of growth hormone in transgenic fish generating enhanced feeding motivation and reinforcement capacity. In a natural environment, the performance of a growth hormone‐transgenic fish may therefore depend on the relative abundance of profitable vs. unprofitable prey, as well as the presence of other transgenic individuals.
Phenotypic Reaction and Genetic Analysis Using AFLP‐derived SCARs for Resistance to Apple Scab
Authors: Huaracha E. M. , Xu M. L. , Gasic K. , Pauwels E. , van den Putte A. , Keulemans J. W. , Korban S. S. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractSix sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers linked to the apple scab resistance gene Vf were evaluated for their utility in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) in apple breeding. Of the six SCARs used in this study, ACS‐6 was located left of the Vf gene, ACS‐7 and ACS‐9 co‐segregated with Vf, and ACS‐8, ACS‐4, ACS‐5 were located right of the Vf gene. Three families derived from crosses between scab‐resistant and scab‐susceptible cultivars, including ‘Liberty’ × ‘Deljub’, ‘Liberty’ × ‘Delcorf’, and ‘Florina’ ×‘Delcorf’, previously screened for scab resistance following greenhouse inoculation with the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis, were genotyped and compared with phenotypic reactions to scab infection in the field. For each family, a subset progeny of 30 seedlings (propagated onto Malling 9 rootstock and of 7 years old) was selected based on fungal sporulation according to the following scheme. Ten seedlings with no visible scab sporulation on leaves were given phenotypic scores of 0 (deemed resistant); 10 seedlings with moderate scab sporulation were given phenotypic scores of 1.0 (deemed moderately resistant); and 10 seedlings with heavy sporulation were given phenotypic scores of 2.0 (deemed susceptible). DNA was isolated from leaf tissue collected from all 90 seedlings, parents and Malus floribunda 821, the original source of the Vf gene, and screened with all six SCARs. All six SCARs were present in the two scab‐resistant parents, ‘Liberty’ and ‘Florina’, and M. floribunda 821; while, the two scab‐susceptible parents, ‘Deljub’ and ‘Delcorf’, lacked all SCARs. All SCARs were either present or absent in varying numbers of seedlings in each progeny with phenotypic ratings of either 0 (resistant) or 1.0 (moderately resistant); while all seedlings with phenotypic ratings of 2.0 (susceptible) lacked all SCARs. The inconsistencies between phenotypic scab ratings and SCAR marker data are discussed.
Isozyme Analysis and Soluble Mycelial Protein Pattern in Iranian Isolates of Several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Mohammadi M. , Aminipour M. , Banihashemi Z. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA total of 13 representative isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) from Iran, USA and France, eight isolates of seven formae speciales from Iran and one isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum from the USA were compared based on isozyme analysis and soluble mycelial protein pattern. Isozyme analyses of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), catalase (CAT), esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) revealed polymorphism among the F. oxysporum isolates in which 22 electrophoretic phenotypes (EP) were determined. At least 10 putative loci for these six enzymes were detected and they were all polymorphic. Maximum genetic diversity was observed in CAT, EST and XDH loci. Using UPGMA, the 22 isolates were separated into three main groups with one of the groups divided into two subgroups. Group I included isolates belonging to five formae speciales from Iran, whereas group II that included FOM isolates from both Iran and the USA was divided into two subgroups each containing the vast majority of the respective isolates from either country. Group III constituted FOM isolates from France and one pathogenic isolate on pepper from Iran. FOM isolates representing five different geographical regions from Iran belonged to two different races of 1 and 1,2Y and one vegetative compatibility group (VCG)0134 and thus were genetically homologous. Isozyme polymorphism in these isolates was highly correlated with VCG and geographical origins and to a lesser extent with races. Variations in soluble protein profile in FOM isolates were correlated with genetic distances determined in isozyme analysis. This study suggests that isozyme analysis could be a useful tool for identifying genetic diversity not only in FOM but also several formae speciales of F. oxysporum.
Differences in Pathogenicity between two Genetically Distinct Groups of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli on Cucurbit Hosts
Authors: Walcott R. R. , Fessehaie A. , Castro A. C. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractUsing DNA fingerprinting by pulse‐field gel electrophoresis and repetitive extragenic pallindromic (REP)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two distinct groups were confirmed among 64 Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli strains collected from a range of cucurbitaceous hosts in the USA, China, Taiwan, Thailand, Canada, Australia, Brazil and Israel. Eighty‐two percent of the group I strains were recovered from non‐watermelon hosts and the subspecies type strain was the only member of this group that utilized l‐leucine as a sole carbon source. On the contrary, 94% of the group II strains were recovered from watermelon and 96% of them utilized l‐leucine. Two‐week‐old watermelon cv. Crimson sweet, cantaloupe cv. Athena, pumpkin cv. Lumina and squash cv. Early yellow crookneck seedlings were susceptible to A. avenae subsp. citrulli strains representing each group with the exception of the subspecies type strain. Overall, seedlings of watermelon cv. Crimson Sweet were most susceptible to A. avenae subsp. citrulli infection followed by cantaloupe, pumpkin and squash. Group II strains were more aggressive watermelon than on other hosts. On the contrary, group I strains were moderately aggressive on all cucurbit hosts tested.
Identification and Nucleotide Sequence of a Tobacco rattle virus RNA‐1 Variant that Causes Spraing Disease in Potato cv. Bintje
Authors: Robinson D. J. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn isolate of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) obtained from a site in the Netherlands induced symptoms of spraing disease in tubers of the potato variety Bintje, which is generally considered to be resistant to infection by TRV. The isolate contained two phenotypically distinguishable RNA‐1 variants, one of which was shown to carry the determinant for the ability to cause spraing in cv. Bintje. The nucleotide sequence of the coding region of this RNA‐1 was determined and found to differ at 5.2–5.4% of positions from other TRV RNA‐1 sequences in the database. The amino acid sequences of the predicted translation products were between 92 and 99% identical to those of a TRV RNA‐1 that did not cause spraing in cv. Bintje, with P1b being the most divergent and the replicase read‐through domain the least.
Leaf Symptoms on Plum, Coffee and Citrus and the Relationship with the Extent of Xylem Vessels Colonized by Xylella fastidiosa
Authors: Alves E. , Marucci C. R. , Lopes J. R. S. , Leite B. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractLeaf petioles of plum, coffee and sweet orange were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of Xylella fastidiosa in the samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. The number of vessels colonized by X. fastidiosa was determined by SEM in petiole areas that were transversally sectioned under liquid nitrogen. The percentage of colonized vessels in petioles of coffee was higher than in petioles of plum and citrus whether trees were exhibiting mild symptoms (MS) or severe symptoms (SS). The percentage of vessels colonized varied from 10.9 (MS) to 38.0% (SS), 26 (MS) to 51.6% (SS), and 8 (MS) to 11.8% (SS) for plum, coffee and citrus, respectively, and did not vary by position within the petiole. Severity of symptoms consistently reflected higher proportion of colonized vessels in coffee and plum, but not in citrus.
Induction and Impact of Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes in Nutrient Solution of Closed Hydroponic Systems
Authors: Brand T. , Alsanius B. W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe potential of the microflora in nutrient solutions to produce cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDE) was investigated by adding glucose or substrates of CWDE, such as chitin, cellulose, curdlan and preparations of fungal mycelia (0, 0.01 and 0.1%, w/v). The results indicate the potential of the microflora in nutrient solutions to produce proteolytic, chitinolytic, cellulolytic as well as β‐1,3‐glucanolytic enzymes. All enzyme complexes were induced by addition of preparations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cyclaminis (Focy) and Pythium ultimum, respectively. In contrast, addition of glucose to nutrient solution resulted in only slight increase of protease and chitinase. No correlation between increased activity of CWDE and survival of Focy was found.
Rhetoric, facts and self‐fulfilling prophecies: exploring practitioners’ perceptions of progress in implementing HRM
Authors: Caldwell Raymond 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTAlthough the virtues of ‘HRM’ are widely espoused by its proponents, evidence of its widespread uptake by UK companies has invariably been disappointing. Why? A survey using questionnaires completed by 98 personnel and HR practitioners in a sample of 350 major UK companies was used to explore perceptions of ‘progress’ in implementing HRM, and this was followed‐up by interviews of 24 survey respondents. While the survey and interview evidence clearly indicate that progress towards HRM is a profoundly contradictory and unfinished process, it also raises serious questions about the ability of the HR function and role to facilitate, oversee or lead processes of implementation.
Work systems, corporate strategy and global markets: creative shop floors or ‘a barge mentality’?
Authors: Konzelmann Suzanne , Forrant Robert , Wilkinson Frank 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTIn the US, corporate restructuring of financial and physical assets as well as work systems has been widespread. Our study examines the inter‐relationship between ‘creative’ work systems and ‘destructive’ markets, using a sample of US manufacturing firms in the metalworking, jet engine production and steel processing industries.
Trade union recognition in Britain, 1995–2002: turning a corner?
Authors: Gall Gregor 
Published: May 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper examines developments in union recognition in Britain between 1995–2002 and assesses the influence of the statutory provisions for gaining recognition contained in the Employment Relations Act 1999. The paper details the significant increase in new agreements, concluding that the new law is one important factor explaining this growth. Analysis is made of the nature and circumstances of the new agreements. Finally, the paper considers whether these developments indicate the turning of a corner for trends in recognition coverage.
Antibiotic resistance profile of the subgingival microbiota following systemic or local tetracycline therapy
Authors: Rodrigues Rosa Maria J. , Gonçalves Cristiane , Souto Renata , Feres‐Filho Eduardo Jorge , Uzeda Milton , Colombo Ana Paula V. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: Tetracyclines have been extensively used as adjunctives to conventional periodontal therapy. Emergence of resistant strains, however, has been reported. This study evaluated longitudinally the tetracycline resistance patterns of the subgingival microbiota of periodontitis subjects treated with systemic or local tetracycline therapy+scaling and root planing (SRP).Methods: Thirty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to three groups: SRP+500 mg of systemic tetracycline twice/day for 14 days; SRP alone and SRP+tetracycline fibers (Actsite®) at four selected sites for 10 days. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained from four sites with probing pocket depths (PPD)6 mm in each patient at baseline, 1 week, 3, 6 and 12 months post‐therapy. Samples were dispersed and diluted in pre‐reduced anaerobically sterilized Ringer's solution, plated on Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA)+5% blood with or without 4 μg/ml of tetracycline and incubated anaerobically for 10 days. The percentage of resistant microorganisms were determined and the isolates identified by DNA probes and the checkerboard method. Significance of differences among and within groups over time was sought using the Kruskal–Wallis and Friedman tests, respectively.Results: The percentage of resistant microorganisms increased significantly at 1 week in the tetracycline groups, but dropped to baseline levels over time. The SRP+Actsite® group presented the lowest proportions of resistant species at 6 and 12 months. No significant changes were observed in the SRP group. The predominant tetracycline‐resistant species included Streptococcus spp., Veillonela parvula, Peptostreptococcus micros, Prevotella intermedia, Gemella morbillorum and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). A high percentage of sites with resistant Aa, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tanerella forsythensis was observed in all groups at baseline. However, T. forsythensis was not detected in any group and P. gingivalis was not present in the SRP+Actsite® group at 1 year post‐therapy. Aa was still frequently detected in all groups after therapy. However, the greatest reduction was observed in the SRP+Actsite® group.Conclusion: Local or systemically administered tetracycline results in transitory selection of subgingival species intrinsically resistant to this drug. Although the percentage of sites harboring periodontal pathogens resistant to tetracycline were quite elevated in this population, both therapies were effective in reducing their prevalence over time.
Non‐surgical periodontal treatment with a new ultrasonic device (Vector™‐ultrasonic system) or hand instruments
Authors: Sculean Anton , Schwarz Frank , Berakdar Mohammad , Romanos Georg E. , Brecx Michel , Willershausen Britta , Becker Jürgen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study was to compare the effectiveness of a newly developed ultrasonic device to that of scaling and root planing for non‐surgical periodontal treatment.Material and Methods: Thirty‐eight patients with moderate to advanced chronic periodontal disease were treated according to an “one‐stage procedure” with either a newly developed ultrasonic device (VUS) (Vector™‐ultrasonic system) or scaling and root planing (SRP) using hand instruments. Clinical assessments by plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were made prior to and at 6 months after treatment. Differences in clinical parameters were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and Mann and Whitney U‐test.Results: No differences in any of the investigated parameters were observed at baseline between the two groups. The mean value of BOP decreased in the VUS group from 32% at baseline to 20% after 6 months (p<0.001) and in the SRP group from 30% at baseline to 18% after 6 months (p<0.001).The results have shown that at moderately deep sites (initial PD 4–5 mm) mean CAL changed in the test group from 4.6±1.2 to 4.2±1.6 mm (p< 0.001) and in the control group from 4.8±1.3 to 4.4±1.5 mm (p<0.001). At deep sites (inital PD>6 mm) mean CAL changed in the test group from 8.5±1.9 to 7.9±2.4 mm (p<0.001) and in the control group from 7.9±1.6 to 7.2±2.2 mm (p<0.001). No statistically significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were found between the two groups.Conclusion: Non‐surgical periodontal therapy with the tested ultrasonic device may lead to clinical improvements comparable to those obtained with conventional hand instruments.
An in situ model to study the toothpaste abrasion of enamel
Authors: Joiner Andrew , Pickles Matthew J. , Tanner Carolyn , Weader Elizabeth , Doyle Peter 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectives: In order to understand the clinical relevance of dentifrice abrasivity on the dentition in vivo, an in situ enamel wear model has been developed.Materials and Methods: Polished human enamel blocks were indented with a Knoop diamond, attached to dentures and worn by adult volunteers for 24 h per day. The blocks were brushed for 30 s, twice per day with dentifrices of known relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) and relative enamel abrasivity (REA). The dentifrices used were either dentifrice A (RDA=85, REA=3.4), dentifrice B (RDA=189, REA=2.0) or dentifrice C (RDA=132, REA=42.7). After 28 days, the blocks were removed and the geometry of each Knoop indent was remeasured. From the baseline and post‐treatment values of indent length, the amount of enamel wear was calculated from the change in the indent depth.Results: The median values for enamel wear of dentifrices A, B and C were −0.02, 0.01 and −0.48 μm, respectively. The differences between dentifrice C and dentifrices A and B were of statistical significance.Conclusion: This study has demonstrated the usefulness of an in situ technique for investigating the relationship between the abrasivity of a dentifrice in vitro and the wear of enamel in situ.
Impact of oral health on the life quality of periodontal patients
Authors: Needleman Ian , McGrath Colman , Floyd Peter , Biddle Amanda 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjectives: To assess the impact of oral health on the life quality of a periodontal patient group.Materials and Methods: Two hundred and five patients attending a private periodontal clinic completed a questionnaire incorporating the16‐item UK oral health‐related quality‐of‐life measure (OHQoL‐UK©), a check list of questions about their periodontal health over the past year and a comprehensive periodontal examination.Results: The effect of oral health on quality of life was considerable, with many individuals experiencing negative impacts across a broad range of physical, social and psychological aspects of life quality. OHQoL‐UK© scores was associated with patient's self‐reported periodontal health in the past year: experiences of “swollen gums” (p<0.01), “sore gums” (p<0.01), “receding gums” (p<0.01), “loose teeth” (p<0.01), “drifting teeth” (p<0.01), “bad breath” (p<0.01) and “toothache” (p<0.01). In addition, OHQoL‐UK© scores were correlated with the number of teeth with pocket depths of 5 mm or more (rs−0.42, p<0.01). New patients had poorer oral health‐related quality of life compared with the treated maintenance group (p<0.01).Conclusions: Periodontal status impacts on life quality. This has implications in understanding the consequences of periodontal health and in the use of patient‐centred outcomes in periodontal research.
Lack of association between the TNFα G −308 A promoter polymorphism and periodontal disease
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Glas Jürgen , Török Helga‐Paula , Mende Monika , Folwaczny Christian 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: Immunorelevant gene polymorphisms might influence the susceptibility for periodontal disease. The present study assessed the frequency of a promoter polymorphism (−308G‐to‐A) of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α gene in patients with periodontitis and controls.Methods: Eighty‐one patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and 80 healthy controls were genotyped for the −308 polymorphism of the TNFα gene by PCR amplification and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was made for each subject on basis of standardized clinical and radiographic criteria.Results: In patients with peridontitis and controls, the frequency of the TNFα−308 A allele was comparable (19.1% [31/162] versus 13.8% [22/160]; p=0.193).Conclusion: The present study revealed no association between the −308 TNFα gene polymorphism and periodontal disease.