bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method for relating fault geometry, slip rate and uplift data above fault‐propagation folds
Authors: Hardy Stuart , Poblet Josep 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTypically, the problem of constructing a balanced cross‐section across a fault‐propagation fold has been cast in terms of static entities such as fault dip, fold axial angles and limb dips. Increasingly, however, surficial data such as rates of uplift or erosion are becoming available above fault‐related folds. These data are often used to derive or constrain fault‐slip rates on deeper thrust faults and, ultimately, calculate horizontal shortening rates. However, where thrust faults are blind, there has been no simple method for relating fault geometry and slip to uplift data. This short contribution presents a series of new relationships (derived from velocity descriptions of deformation) that relate fault geometry and slip rate to measurements of uplift above flexural‐slip and trishear fault‐propagation folds. We examine the differences in uplift across such structures, their implications for the calculation of rates of fault slip and horizontal shortening and make comparisons with natural examples.
How does alluvial sedimentation at range fronts modify the erosional dynamics of mountain catchments?
Authors: Carretier S. , Lucazeau F. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAt the geological time scale, the way in which the erosion of drainage catchments responds to tectonic uplift and climate changes depends on boundary conditions. In particular, sediment accumulation and erosion occurring at the edge of mountain ranges should influence the base level of mountain catchments, as well as sediment and water discharges. In this paper, we use a landform evolution model (LEM) to investigate how the presence of alluvial sedimentation at range fronts affects catchment responses to climatic or tectonic changes. This approach is applied to a 25 km × 50 km domain, in which the central part is uplifted progressively to simulate the growth of a small mountain range. The LEM includes different slope and river processes that can compete with each other. This competition leads to ‘transport‐limited’, ‘detachment‐limited’ or ‘mixed’ transport conditions in mountains at dynamic equilibrium. In addition, two end‐member algorithms (the channellized‐flow and the sheet‐flow regimes) have been included for the alluvial fan‐flow regime. The three transport conditions and the two flow algorithms represent six different models for which the responses to increase of rock uplift rate and/or cyclic variation of the precipitation rate are investigated.Our results indicate that addition of an alluvial apron increases the long‐term mountain denudation. In response to uplift, mountain rivers adapt their profile in two successive stages; first by propagation of an erosion wave and then by slowly increasing their channel gradients. During the second stage, the erosion rate is almost uniform across the catchment area at any one time, which suggests that dynamic equilibrium has been reached, although the balance between erosion and rock uplift rates has not yet been achieved. This second stage is initiated by the uplift of the mountain river outlets because of sedimentation aggradation at the mountain front. The response time depends on the type of water flow imposed on the alluvial fans domains (× by 1.5 for channelized flow regime and by 10 for the sheet flow one).Cyclic variations of precipitation rate generate cyclic incisions in the alluvial apron. These incision pulses create knick‐points in the river profile in the case of ‘detachment‐limited’ and ‘mixed’ river conditions, which could be mistaken for tectonically induced knick‐points. ‘Transport‐limited’ conditions do not create such knick‐points, but nevertheless trigger erosion in catchments. The feedbacks linked to sedimentation and erosion at range front can therefore control catchment incision or aggradation. In addition, random river captures in the range front trigger auto‐cyclic erosion pulses in the catchment, capable of generating incision–aggradation cycles.
t(14;22)(q32;q11) in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloid leukaemia: molecular cytogenetic investigations
Authors: Aamot Hege Vangstein , Bjørnslett Merete , Delabie Jan , Heim Sverre 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), one chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and one diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and three cases of myeloid leukaemia, two chronic (CML) and one acute (AML), showed, by G‐banding analysis, apparently identical chromosomal translocations t(14;22)(q32;q11), in three of the cases as the sole abnormality. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis with locus‐specific probes for ABL at 9q34 [bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) 835J22 and 1132H12], IGH at 14q32 [P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) 998D24] and IGL (PAC 1019H10) and BCR (BAC 74M14) at 22q11, as well as multicolour in situ hybridisation (M‐FISH) analyses were performed. A three‐way variant translocation of the classical t(9;22)(q34;q11), t(9;22;14)(q34;q11;q32), involving both BCR and ABL, was unravelled by the molecular cytogenetic investigations in the three myeloid leukaemia cases; a similar variant translocation has previously been reported in seven CML. The two cases of NHL (one NHL with a similar 14;22‐translocation has been reported previously) had no involvement of BCR or ABL, but instead the IGH and IGL genes were shown to be juxtaposed by the t(14;22)(q32;q11). How such a rearrangement with recombination of IGH and IGL might elicit a pathogenetic effect is completely unknown.
Combining prenylation inhibitors causes synergistic cytotoxicity, apoptosis and disruption of RAS‐to‐MAP kinase signalling in multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Morgan Michael A. , Sebil Tarkan , Aydilek Erdem , Peest Dietrich , Ganser Arnold , Reuter Christoph W. M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe high incidence of activating RAS mutations, coupled with accumulating evidence linking RAS to multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis, indicate that novel therapies utilising inhibitors of RAS prenylation and signalling may be successful in the management of this disease. While preclinical studies investigating prenylation inhibitors, such as lovastatin, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) and geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitors (GGTI), have been promising, recent phase I/II clinical trials with FTI R115777 were disappointing, suggesting resistance to FTI monotherapy. To address this issue, the effects of FTI, GGTI and lovastatin alone and in combination were analysed in MM cell lines and primary cells. FTI treatment blocked H‐RAS processing, but was ineffective at inhibiting K‐ and N‐RAS prenylation because of alternative geranylgeranylation of these isoforms. However, combinations of FTI and GGTI or lovastatin were found to synergistically inhibit MM cell proliferation, migration, K‐ and N‐RAS processing, RAS‐to‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling and to induce apoptosis. In contrast to FTI, lovastatin and some GGTI were found to cause intracellular accumulation of Rho proteins. Our results suggest that clinical efficacy of prenylation inhibitors in MM are limited by alternative prenylation of several small G‐proteins, such as RhoB, K‐ and N‐RAS. Furthermore, strategies combining FTI with GGTI or statins may provide greater efficacy in MM treatment.
Heterogeneous intracellular expression of B‐cell receptor components in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells and effects of CD79b gene transfer on surface immunoglobulin levels in a B‐CLL‐derived cell line
Authors: Minuzzo Sonia , Indraccolo Stefano , Tosello Valeria , Piovan Erich , Cabrelle Anna , Trentin Livio , Semenzato Giampietro , Amadori Alberto 
Published: August 2005

SummaryB‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells display low amounts of surface immunoglobulins (sIg). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we performed a thorough study of surface and intracellular expression of the B‐cell receptor (BCR) components in B‐CLL cells using flow cytometry. There was an heterogeneous pattern of expression. Overall, 20 of 22 samples showed reduced sIgM levels, compared with normal B cells. Among them, three (15%) had very low to undetectable intracellular IgM levels and variable amounts of CD79a and CD79b; nine (45%) had low intracellular CD79b levels but appreciable levels of IgM and CD79a; and eight (40%) had relatively normal intracellular levels of all BCR components. To investigate whether surface BCR levels could be controlled by the rate of CD79b synthesis, adenoviral vectors encoding CD79b were generated and used for gene transfer experiments. Delivery of CD79b to non‐B cells transfected with IgM and CD79a lead to high‐level expression of a functional BCR. Moreover, CD79b gene transfer in a B cell line derived from a B‐CLL patient and characterised by low intracellular levels of endogenous CD79b consistently increased sIgM levels. These findings indicate that the phenotype of B‐CLL cells in a subset of patients may depend primarily on poor CD79b expression, and suggest that upregulation of CD79b expression may correct the phenotype of these cells.
Chlorophenol binding to dissolved and particulate soil organic matter determined in controlled equilibrium systems
Authors: Frankki S. , Skyllberg U. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWe determined the sorption of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,5‐trichlorophenol (TCP) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) to dissolved (DOM) and particulate soil organic matter (POM) from the same soil in controlled equilibrium systems, using14C‐labelled chlorophenols in combination with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and liquid scintillation. Associations of DCP, TCP and PCP to DOM and POM were satisfactorily described by linear adsorption isotherms. Together with the absence of substantial competition between DCP and TCP for binding sites, this indicates a hydrophobic partitioning mechanism. The organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (KOC) for the binding of DCP was similar in magnitude for POM (KPOC) and for DOM (KDOC), whereasKPOCfor the more hydrophobic compounds TCP and PCP were approximately one order of magnitude greater thanKDOC. On the basis of the relationships between log KOCand the organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (log KOW), the extent of association to POM increases more with the hydrophobicity of the chlorophenol than the extent of association to DOM. This holds for our data obtained for DOM and POM of similar origin, as well as for various sources of POM and DOM reported in the literature. Differences in the magnitude ofKPOCandKDOCin our study could not be accounted for by differences in gross carbon chemistry of POM and DOM, as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐NMR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thus, other factors such as the average size and capacity of hydrophobic moieties could explain differences in chlorophenol association between POM and DOM. We conclude thatKPOCandKDOCneed to be determined explicitly, when the transport and retention of chlorophenols is modelled, and not calculated from relationships between log KOCand log KOW.
Comparison of some properties on the different types of pestil: a traditional product in Turkey
Authors: Cagindi Ozlem , Otles Semih 
Published: August 2005

SummaryPestil is a traditional dried fruit snack, which is consumed in Turkey. Wheat starch is mixed with different clarified fruit juices such as grape, mulberry, apricot or plum and cooked using traditional techniques. In this work the proximate chemical composition (moisture, ash, fat, crude protein and total carbohydrate), energy value and thickness of grape, apricot and mulberry pestils were investigated. The colour properties (Hunter L, a and b) were determined by a Minolta Chroma‐Meter and the mineral content (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn) of each product was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). The carbohydrate value of pestil samples ranged between 73.7 and 82.4% and energy value was between 321.5 and 356.4 kcal 100 g−1. Mulberry pestil was a better source of energy than grape and apricot pestils. Apricot pestils were rich in calcium, sodium and zinc, and mulberry pestil samples were rich in magnesium.
The effect of coagulants on the texture of chhana (an acid and heat coagulated product made from milk)
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Mahuya , Chakraborty Runu , Raychaudhuri Utpal 
Published: August 2005

SummaryChhana (a heat and acid coagulated milk protein mass and an Indian equivalent to cottage cheese) can be used as a raw material for the manufacture of various types of sweets popular all over India. Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), using an Instron Universal Testing Machine, was used to determine the effect of different coagulants on the textural characteristics of chhana. Chhana was made using three different coagulants: citric acid, lactic acid and calcium lactate, at five different concentrations, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8%. Two types of dilution media, distilled water and acid whey, were used. The textural characteristics obtained when aqueous 0.5% citric acid, aqueous 0.5% lactic acid and 4–8% calcium lactate solutions, using acid whey as the solvent, gave similar TPA readings to normal chhana.
The performance of a methyl cellulose‐treated coating during the frying of a poultry product
Authors: Maskat Mohamad Y. , Yip Ho H. , Mahali Haryani M. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe performance of coatings treated with a range of methyl cellulose (MC) concentrations during the frying of coated chicken breasts was investigated. Chicken breasts were immersed in 0, 1 and 2.5% MC solution and then coated with a commercial coating mix. The coated chicken breasts were then fried at an initial temperature of 190 °C. Parameters measured included coating pickup, coating loss, cooked yield and frying loss. Results showed a significant increase in coating pickup with the use of 1 and 2.5% MC, which may have been due to the higher viscosity and binding ability of the MC layer. The use of 2.5% MC produced lower coating loss and frying loss and also a higher cooked yield.
A comparison between olive oil and extra‐virgin olive oil used as covering liquids in canned dried tomatoes: hydrolytic and oxidative degradation during storage
Authors: Baiano Antonietta , Gomes Tommaso , Caponio Francesco 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe hydrolytic and oxidative degradation of olive oil and extra‐virgin olive oil, used as covering liquids in canned dried tomatoes, was studied during storage by means of conventional (acidity, peroxide value, p‐anisidine value) and non conventional (polar compounds) analyses. The effects of the addition of spices were also considered. The hydrolysis and oxidation of olive oil increased faster and was higher than that of extra‐virgin olive oil in terms of absolute values but some other indices, such as percentage of oligopolymers and percentage of oxidized triglycerides, increased faster in extra‐virgin olive oil than in olive oil. The antioxidant effect given by a higher concentration of polyphenols in the extra‐virgin olive oil was shown by a reduced amount of secondary oxidation. However, olive oil and extra‐virgin olive oils showed similar behaviour in terms of peroxide formation.
Purification of yeast proteinase A from fresh beer and its specificity on foam proteins
Authors: Wang Zhao‐Yue , He Guo‐Qing , Liu Zhong‐Shan , Ruan Hui , Chen Qi‐He , Xiong Hao‐Ping 
Published: August 2005

SummaryYeast proteinase A from fresh beer was first purified with Sephadex G‐100 column chromatography and the active fractions reached to 5.3‐fold purification with 7% of yield. After purification with DEAE Sephadex A50, proteinase A activity increased to be 10.1 times of the initial with 1% of yield. When identifying the sample from chromatography by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), only one protein band with 42 kDa was observed, this indicated that the enzyme was purified. The pattern of electrophoresis of hydrolysed beer by crude proteinase A did not show lipid transfer protein (LTP) on the gel. The result of SDS‐PAGE of interaction mixture of purified proteinase A and beer also indicated that LTP was decomposed.
Influence of different treatments on dehydrated cauliflower quality
Authors: Kadam Dattatreya Mahadev , Lata  , Samuel David Vijay Kumar , Pandey Alok Kumar 
Published: August 2005

SummaryFresh cauliflower was cut into florets, blanched, treated and spread in trays to dry by means of a solar drying process. The influences of packaging materials, blanching time, and potassium metabisulphite (KMS) concentration levels on the quality of solar dehydrated cauliflower up to 6 months of storage were studied. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) present in fresh cauliflower was 74.61 mg (100 g)−1. Results revealed that ascorbic acid concentration decreased with an increase in blanching time but its retention was high in cauliflower dehydrated by solar drying. Dehydrated cauliflower had 581.37 mg (100 g)−1 of ascorbic acid in samples treated with 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of KMS with 3 min blanching at day zero. Washing cauliflower florets in tap water reduced the microbial load as compared with the unwashed sample. Processed and dehydrated cauliflower, packed in three types of packaging materials did not show presence of fungi even after storage for 6 months. In almost all samples, permissible levels of bacterial counts were observed after 6 months of storage. All the samples were also found to be free from Escherichia coli. It was found that blanched samples (blanching done for 7 min) treated with 0.5% KMS, dehydrated and then packed in laminated aluminium foil (LF) were the best in regard with nutritional and microbiological quality of dehydrated cauliflower.
Consumer acceptance of high‐fibre muffins and rusks baked with red palm olein
Authors: Scholtz Susanna C. , Bosman Magdalena J. C. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe acceptance of, preference for and consumption intent for high‐fibre muffins and/or rusks baked with either red palm olein (RPO) or sunflower oil (SFO, as control) were evaluated by two consumer groups of 144 and 67 consumers, respectively, in order to determine the possibility of their successful inclusion as carriers for oils in a subsequent nutrition intervention trial. A five‐point hedonic and food action rating scale was used for sensory evaluation. SFO muffins and rusks scored significantly higher than RPO products on a number of hedonic dimensions and were thus more acceptable to the average consumer. Sensory attributes of SFO and RPO products received high scores by consumers from both groups (≥4.0 on five‐point scale), and consumers intended to eat them often (at least one per day). The RPO products were satisfactory in terms of acceptance and complied with requirements for use in the subsequent nutrition intervention trial.
Improving colour extraction and stability in red wines: the use of maceration enzymes and enological tannins
Authors: Bautista‐Ortín A. B. , Martínez‐Cutillas A. , Ros‐García J. M. , López‐Roca J. M. , Gómez‐Plaza E. 
Published: August 2005

SummaryTwo commercially available maceration enzymes and two enological tannins were tested in Monastrell wines to determine their suitability for improving the chromatic characteristics, colour stability and sensory properties of the resulting wines. The greatest differences for all the wines, when comparing with the control wine, were observed at the beginning of the winemaking process, any differences diminishing in the finished wines. One of the enzyme‐treated wines was used showed hardly any difference from the control wine, whereas the other enzyme‐treated wine showed an improvement in their chromatic and sensory characteristics. The use of two different enological tannins did not provide any improvement in the chromatic and sensory characteristics of the wines, imparting a higher yellow colour and resulting in lower scores in the colour and aroma sensory characteristics, accompanied by a higher astringency, dryness and bitter sensory sensations.
Individual wrapping of radishes with food packaging film
Authors: Chu Chun‐Lung George , Liu Wei Tang , Ma Jianhua 
Published: August 2005

SummaryWhen ‘Taibai’ radishes were individually wrapped with food packaging film, they had a reduced weight and firmness loss and a decreased formation of internal sponginess. When stored at 1 °C, wrapped radishes lost 0.01% of their fresh weight per day when compared with the 0.28% weight loss per day for unwrapped radishes. When stored at 5 °C, wrapped radishes lost 0.02–0.03% of their fresh weight per day when compared with the 0.78% weight loss per day of unwrapped radishes. Wrapped radishes stored for 88 days at 5 °C or 165 days at 1 °C maintained their firmness better than unwrapped radishes. Wrapped radishes had significantly less internal sponginess than unwrapped radishes.
Reduced reproductive success and offspring survival in fragmented populations of the forest herbPhyteuma spicatum
Authors: KOLB ANNETTE 
Published: August 2005

SummaryHabitat fragmentation, which reduces the size and increases the isolation of populations, is a major threat to biodiversity. ForPhyteuma spicatum, a self‐incompatible, rare understorey herb in deciduous forests of north‐western Germany, I tested the hypotheses that: (i) fitness (in terms of reproductive success) is reduced in small or isolated populations, (ii) reproduction in small populations is reduced by pollen limitation and (iii) genetic effects cause fitness reductions in small populations.I compared the reproductive success of plants ofPhyteumain 14 populations of different size and degree of isolation. Seed production was, as predicted, positively related to population size but was also influenced by plant size, although not by population isolation, density or habitat quality.I performed supplemental hand‐pollinations in 10 of the 14 populations using pollen from the same population (test for pollen quantity) or from another large population (pollen quality). The proportional difference in seed production between hand‐pollinated plants and open‐pollinated controls increased with decreasing population size, indicating pollinator limitation of reproduction in small populations. There was no difference between the two hand‐pollination treatments, suggesting that a sufficient number of cross‐compatible mates was available even in the smallest populations.Progeny from the 14 populations were grown for 32 weeks in a common environment. There was no effect of population size on germination, but final seedling survival was positively related to population size, and this relationship was more pronounced in the glasshouse than under more favourable growing conditions in a common garden. Genetic effects may thus reduce fitness (here measured in terms of survival) in plants from small populations, making them more susceptible to environmental stress.The results suggest that both reproduction and offspring performance may be reduced in small populations even of long‐lived species such asPhyteuma spicatum. Different processes, such as pollen limitation and genetic deterioration, may interact and affect local population dynamics and the persistence of species in fragmented landscapes.