bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial impairment in patients and asymptomatic mutation carriers of Huntington's disease
Authors: Saft Carsten , Zange Jochen , Andrich Jürgen , Müller Klaus , Lindenberg Katrin , Landwehrmeyer Bernhard , Vorgerd Matthias , Kraus Peter H. , Przuntek Horst , Schöls Ludger 
Published: February 2005

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the IT‐15 gene; however, it remains unknown how the mutation leads to selective neurodegeneration. Several lines of evidence suggest impaired mitochondrial function as a component of the neurodegenerative process in HD. We assessed energy metabolism in the skeletal muscle of 15 HD patients and 12 asymptomatic mutation carriers in vivo using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Phosphocreatine recovery after exercise is a direct measure of ATP synthesis and was slowed significantly in HD patients and mutation carriers in comparison to age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. We found that oxidative function is impaired to a similar extent in manifest HD patients and asymptomatic mutation carriers. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is an early and persistent component of the pathophysiology of HD. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
HIV encephalitis simulating Huntington's disease
Authors: Sevigny Jeffrey J. , Chin Steven S.M. , Milewski Yvonne , Albers Mark W. , Gordon Marc L. , Marder Karen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractComplications from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome are notorious for mimicking other neurological diseases. We describe a case of HIV encephalitis presenting with the classic clinical features of Huntington's Disease in a woman without known HIV risk factors or other clinical stigmata suggestive of immunosuppression. This case reminds us that HIV should be part of the differential diagnosis in unexplainable neurological diseases. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Integration of geometric design and mechanical analysis using B‐spline functions on surface
Authors: Roh Hee Yuel , Cho Maenghyo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractB‐spline finite element method which integrates geometric design and mechanical analysis of shell structures is presented. To link geometric design and analysis modules completely, the non‐periodic cubic B‐spline functions are used for the description of geometry and for the displacement interpolation function in the formulation of an isoparametric B‐spline finite element. Non‐periodic B‐spline functions satisfy Kronecker delta properties at the boundaries of domain intervals and allow the handling of the boundary conditions in a conventional finite element formulation. In addition, in this interpolation, interior supports such as nodes can be introduced in a conventional finite element formulation. In the formulation of the mechanical analysis of shells, a general tensor‐based shell element with geometrically exact surface representation is employed. In addition, assumed natural strain fields are proposed to alleviate the locking problems. Various numerical examples are provided to assess the performance of the present B‐spline finite element. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanizing compositional reasoning for concurrent systems: some lessons
Authors: Ehmety Sidi O. , Paulson Lawrence C. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract.

The paper reports on experiences of mechanizing various proposals for compositional reasoning in concurrent systems. The work uses the UNITY formalism and the Isabelle proof tool. The proposals investigated include existential/universal properties,
guarantees
properties and progress sets. The results also apply to related proposals such as traditional assumption-commitment guarantees and Misra’s closure properties. Findings that have been published in detail elsewhere are summarised and consolidated here. One conclusion is that UNITY and related formalisms leave some important issues implicit, such as their concept of the program state, which means that great care must be exercised when implementing tool support. Another conclusion is that many compositional reasoning methods can be mechanized, provided that the issues mentioned above are correctly addressed.
Phenomenology and information studies
Authors: Budd John M. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo examine work on phenomenology and determine what information studies can learn and use from that work.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a literature‐based conceptual analysis of pioneering work in phenomenology (including that of Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Paul Ricoeur, and others), application of such ideas as intentionality and being in information studies work, and the potential for greater application of the information seeker as other.FindingsThe literature on phenomenology contains thought that is directly relevant to information studies and information work. Close examination of perception, intentionality, and interpretation is integral to individuals’ activities related to searching for and retrieving information, determining relevance, and using technology. Essential to the realization of phenomenology's potential is adoption of communication by dialogue so that an information seeker is able both to conceptualize need and to articulate that need. Some promising work in information studies demonstrates an openness to the ongoing and continuous perceptual experiences of information seekers and the relation of that process of perceiving to the growth of knowledge.Originality/valueOffers a different way of thinking about human‐information relationships and the ways that information professionals can interact with information seekers.
Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science
Authors: Hjørland Birger 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the importance and influence of the epistemologies: “empiricism”, “rationalism” and “positivism” in library and information science (LIS).Design/methodology/approachFirst, outlines the historical development of these epistemologies, by discussing and identifying basic characteristics in them and by introducing the criticism that has been raised against these views. Second, their importance for and influence in LIS have been examined.FindingsThe findings of this paper are that it is not a trivial matter to define those epistemologies and to characterise their influence. Many different interpretations exist and there is no consensus regarding current influence of positivism in LIS. Arguments are put forward that empiricism and positivism are still dominant within LIS and specific examples of the influence on positivism in LIS are provided. A specific analysis is made of the empiricist view of information seeking and it is shown that empiricism may be regarded as a normative theory of information seeking and knowledge organisation.Originality/valueThe paper discusses basic theoretical issues that are important for the further development of LIS as a scholarly field.
Strategy dynamics in industrial marketing: a business types perspective
Authors: Backhaus Klaus , Muehlfeld Katrin 
Published: February 2005

PurposeIndustrial marketing covers a broad range of heterogeneous products and services. In response to this heterogeneity, researchers have developed a variety of systematisations of transactions on industrial markets. These systematisations have provided insights for the identification of different types of transaction processes (business types), and for deriving type‐specific marketing recommendations. Based on this literature, the paper considers the consequences of interpreting the typological criteria as variables that can be influenced by the transaction parties, instead of treating them as data.Design/methodology/approachTransaction cost economics provides the main theoretical foundations. Focusing on seller‐initiated strategy, the paper develops a conceptual framework for shifts between business types that are derived based on differing degrees and horizons of asset specificity.FindingsThe paper proposes a conceptual framework and discusses technological and contractual ways of implementing shifts between business types. A central implication of the dynamic perspective is the idea of asset specificity as a choice variable.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this research is conceptual. Future empirical research is needed regarding the proposed framework as a whole as well as individual hypotheses. Second, based on our qualitative considerations, more formal models could possibly be applied as useful complements in further analysis of some of the raised issues.Practical implicationsFundamental changes in market offerings in the form of shifts between business types are common elements of marketing practice, with recent examples in the automotive industry and the IT sector. The paper offers a framework for systematically considering such shifts.Originality/valueThe paper extends existing (static) business types frameworks by incorporating a dynamic perspective.
Modern project management and the lessons from the study of the transformation of the British Expeditionary Force in the Great War
Authors: Bailey George 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo apply the theories of project management to the transformation of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) from the colonial‐style army of 1914 into the victorious continental‐style armies of 1918.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach examines ten elements in the transformation. They range from the resources required to the necessary governmental changes. Emphasis is given to analysing the application of the new technologies, the political and social changes needed for eventual success, and the learning achieved.FindingsTransforming the BEF was not to be an easy process. Obviously, the German nation, allies and armies did all they could to thwart this transformation. The “total war” waged is the ultimate form of “competition”. Thus, difficult lessons of strategic management, people (both men and women) management, and resources utilisation had to be learned. Through the many innovations, the experience curve was climbed to achieve mastery over the German field army.Originality/valueTo turn the BEF from a force of 120,000 at the battle of Mons to nearly 2 million at the Armistice on the western front was a remarkable achievement. Despite the strains imposed by German military prowess, the many elements were combined successfully. Although applying warfare principles to company management has become popular in the past decade, this paper avoids coming to simplistic conclusions. Rather it presents the transformation as a case study and suggests linkages to modern project management practices though leaving it to the reader to consider how these might be best applied.
Interpreting the successful transformation of Shell's advertising activity 1997‐2002
Authors: Verity Julie 
Published: February 2005

PurposeBetween 1997 and 2002, Shell changed the way it organised its advertising activity, switching from a local approach to a global organisation. The transition was significant, given the group's long history of decentralisation. It was also very successful. This paper explores how this transition was made by applying the theoretical lenses of the resource‐based view (RBV) and dynamic capability view (DCV).Design/methodology/approachQualitative data were collected in 2002 from key executives in Shell and J.W. Thompson from which observations were made about Shell's transition and the change process. These observations are then explored further by applying the theoretical lens of the RBV and its natural extension, the DCV, testing what could be learned from the practical application of these theories.FindingsA dynamic capability is identified as a significant reason for Shell's success. A second important factor was that Shell did not attempt to copy an organisation with an apparent superior capability. The paper concludes that firms generally should search for internal asymmetries on which to build resources.Originality/valueThe RBV and DCV are not new as approaches to strategic thinking, but they do remain mainly of interest to the academic community at the theoretical level. There is little empirical work that makes the concepts easily accessible to practitioners through example and translation into “everyday” experience. This paper makes a contribution in this area.
Strategies for collaborating in an interdependent impermanent world
Authors: Gadman Sean , Cooper Cary 
Published: February 2005

PurposeExplores ways in which the internet and advanced electronic communication systems are enabling a new economy based on the networking of human knowledge. These networks span functional, organisational and national boundaries, allowing people to share data and information to generate new knowledge. Their increasing use and importance as a means of gaining competitive advantage has attracted much attention, especially in the study of leadership and organisation development. However, with the advent of more radical approaches to strategic collaboration like open source communities of practice, the existing literature still needs to say more about how and why these knowledge‐sharing and ‐creating communities form and how they are able to sustain levels of performance in time and through time.Design/methodology/approachAnalyses the work being carried out in a series of companies where highly interactive cross‐cultural work teams form an essential part of business strategy. Addresses the fundamental leadership and organisational challenges they face as they attempt to connect people to people and people to knowledge across the borders of business units and countries.FindingsAlthough improved performance is often credited to technological advancement, technology is only one of several key components that must be considered when choosing a collaborative strategy.Originality/valueFuture trends suggest that the kinds of interdependent communities described in this paper will play an increasing role in a company's ability to keep pace with the level of complexity in its world and the amount of innovation required to compete. As the demands of customers become ever more sophisticated and change more rapidly, old organisational cultures become barriers to keeping up with demand, and responding with innovative products and solutions. Managers should also be open to making use of new perspectives which might ultimately change the core mission of the company.
Welding and more feature at ABB UK open days
Authors: Rooks Brian 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo provide a concise briefing on the developments in robotic welding.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the ABB “Open Days” held at its UK operation.FindingsGives information on the launch of MultiArc; the arc welding application based on its MultiMove multiple cooperating robot software that runs on the new IRC5 robot controller. Another piece of technology launched was the wireless proximity sensor, which drastically minimises cabling in a manufacturing cell. Some welding software packages were demonstrated, including VirtualArc for off‐line MIG/MAG welding parameter prediction and ArcWeld PowerPac off‐line programming and simulation. Also shown were management software for real time measurement of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), and SmartSpares, a web‐based tool for managing critical spares.Originality/valueThe paper provides information of value to those working or interested in developments in the robotics welding and associated industries.
A biologically inspired gripping device
Authors: Mangan Elizabeth V. , Kingsley Dan A. , Quinn Roger D. , Sutton Greg P. , Mansour Joseph M. , Chiel Hillel J. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to inform the readers of the design process and practical implications of a new gripping device created by the authors.Design/methodology/approachWe have developed a novel gripping device based on the biomechanics of the feeding apparatus of the marine mollusk, Aplysia californica. The gripping device uses modified McKibben artificial muscles arranged in rings and placed in parallel. The rings contract sequentially to produce peristalsis, which moves a grasping mechanism back and forth through the rings.FindingsThe central grasper is capable of conforming to soft and irregular material.Practical implicationsThis device could have novel applications both for removal of tissue in medical applications and for removing material from clogged plumbing lines.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the utility of using biological inspiration for developing novel robotic devices and suggests new ways of handling slippery, irregular, and fragile material.
Marketing orientation in the European Union mobile telecommunication market
Authors: Kurtinaitienė Jolita 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe main objectives of the paper are: to analyse marketing orientation application specifics in mobile telecommunication enterprises; and to develop and test an instrument for measuring the level of marketing orientation in the enterprises of the mobile telecommunication industry.Design/methodology/approachThe marketing orientation instrument was derived from systematic comparative analysis of the relevant marketing literature, supplemented by additional criteria relating to innovation and organizational learning. The empirical research method was expert assessment, conducted by means of online questionnaires. Correlation analysis and comparison with data from secondary sources were employed to test the validity of the procedure.FindingsThe empirical research findings confirmed positive relationships between marketing orientation, enterprise performance and learning orientation in the target industry, but not between marketing orientation and innovativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper reports a field study of marketing orientation in the mobile telecommunications industry in the 15 countries of the pre‐2004 European Union. After acceptance of the new members into the EU there is a need to investigate the marketing orientation of the mobile communication operators in the newly accepted EU countries.Practical implicationsThe proposed marketing orientation instrument can be used to solve the issues of marketing orientation development. An enterprise is expected to achieve better performance results by improving operations related to each criterion of the measuring instrument, under conditions of constant monitoring and learning.Originality/valueThe proposed marketing orientation development instrument is supplemented with additional innovation and organizational learning criteria. The first empirical marketing orientation research was performed for mobile telecommunication enterprises in the EU and confirmed positive relations between the marketing orientation level and the performance results of the EU mobile telecommunication operators. This research presents the empirical evidence that marketing orientation positively correlates with the constant organization learning.
The erosion of ISO 9000 benefits: a temporal study
Authors: Casadesús Martí , Karapetrovic Stanislav 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo analyze the changes in the perceived benefits of ISO 9000 with the passage of time.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical survey of 399 companies conducted in 2002 in Catalonia (region of Spain).FindingsISO 9001: 2000 registered organizations report benefits to a lesser extent than their ISO 9001/2/3: 1994 registered counterparts across all studied benefit categories. Considering that the new standard is supposed to be a much improved version of the old one, these findings are then contrasted with the results of an almost identical survey performed in 1998. The discussion demonstrates that the perceived benefits of the ISO 9001/2/3: 1994 implementation have also decreased over time.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings may indicate that ISO 9000 will eventually fade away due to the lack of short‐term reasons to implement yet another version in the future, unless substantial long‐term benefits are proven. In July 2002, when this survey was conducted, the number of ISO 9001: 2000 registered companies was still small, constraining more in‐depth research in this field.Originality/valueThis is one of the first papers trying to analyze the benefits and the implications of ISO 9001: 2000. On the other hand, it is probably the first paper that evaluates the evolution of such benefits over time.
Reliability prediction and failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) of electronic devices using fuzzy logic
Authors: Zafiropoulos E.P. , Dialynas E.N. 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe paper presents an efficient methodology that was developed for the reliability prediction and the failure mode effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) of electronic devices using fuzzy logic.Design/methodology/approachThe reliability prediction is based on the general features and characteristics of the MIL‐HDBK‐217FN2 technical document and a derating plan for the system design is developed in order to maintain low components’ failure rates. These failure rates are used in the FMECA, which uses fuzzy sets to represent the respective parameters. A fuzzy failure mode risk index is introduced that gives priority to the criticality of the components for the system operation, while a knowledge base is developed to identify the rules governing the fuzzy inputs and output. The fuzzy inference module is Mamdani type and uses the min‐max implication‐aggregation.FindingsA typical power electronic device such as a switched mode power supply was analyzed and the appropriate reliability indices were estimated using the stress factors of the derating plan. The fuzzy failure mode risk indices were calculated and compared with the respective indices calculated by the conventional FMECA.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research efforts are needed for the application of fuzzy modeling techniques in the area of reliability assessment of electronic devices. These research efforts can be concentrated in certain applications that have practical value.Practical implicationsPractical applications can use a fuzzy FMECA modeling instead of the classical FMECA one, in order to obtain a more accurate analysis.Originality/valueFuzzy modeling of FMECA is described which can calculate fuzzy failure mode risk indices.
Modelling dynamic hysteresis loops and iron losses by the use of equivalent circuits
Authors: Włodarski Zdzisław 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe aim of the paper is the formulation of a simple hysteresis model entirely based on generally accepted concepts.Design/methodological/approachAccording to this, the modelling of loops has been achieved by the application of the Langevin‐Weiss law of magnetization to transformer equivalent circuits. The loops are generated by the change of the phase of current, introduced by the resistance modelling iron loss. Differential circuit equations have been solved with the help of standard Mathcad procedures.FindingsIn spite of the simplicity of such approach, the accuracy of hysteresis loops and iron loss approximations is better than in PSpice simulations and the model can be easily extended to dynamic loops.Research limitations/implicationsThe application of the model is limited to lower frequencies, where the rise of frequency leads to the widening of the loops without the radical change of their shapes.Practical implicationsPresented approach may be useful in simplified analysis of low frequency transformer circuits and in the primary explanation of hysteresis phenomena for teaching purposes.What is original/value of paperContrary to other models based on saturation curves, the dynamic hysteresis loops presented in this paper are obtained with the use of basic laws and concepts, without the introduction of any additional assumptions and the separate treatment of the lower and upper branches of the loops.