bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Insurance Status and Unplanned Surgery for Access-Sensitive Surgical Conditions
Authors: Dualeh Shukri H. A. , Schaefer Sara L. , Kunnath Nicholas , Ibrahim Andrew M. , Scott John W. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceAccess-sensitive surgical conditions, such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, ventral hernia, and colon cancer, are ideally treated with elective surgery, but when left untreated have a natural history requiring an unplanned operation. Patients’ health insurance status may be a barrier to receiving timely elective care, which may be associated with higher rates of unplanned surgery and worse outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between patients’ insurance status and rates of unplanned surgery for these 3 access-sensitive surgical conditions and postoperative outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional cohort study examined a geographically broad patient sample from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases, including data from 8 states (Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Washington, and Wisconsin). Participants were younger than 65 years who underwent abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, ventral hernia repair, or colectomy for colon cancer between 2016 and 2020. Patients were stratified into groups by insurance status. Data were analyzed from June 1 to July 1, 2023.ExposureHealth insurance status (private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the rate of unplanned surgery for these 3 access-sensitive conditions. Secondary outcomes were rates of postoperative outcomes including inpatient mortality, any hospital complications, serious complications (a complication with a hospital length of stay longer than the 75th percentile for that procedure), and hospital length of stay.ResultsThe study included 146 609 patients (mean [SD] age, 50.9 [10.3] years; 73 871 females [50.4%]). A total of 89 018 patients (60.7%) underwent elective surgery while 57 591 (39.3%) underwent unplanned surgery. Unplanned surgery rates varied significantly across insurance types (33.14% for patients with private insurance, 51.46% for those with Medicaid, and 72.60% for those without insurance; P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with patients with private insurance, patients without insurance had higher rates of inpatient mortality (1.29% [95% CI, 1.04%-1.54%] vs 0.61% [0.57%-0.66%]; P &amp;lt; .001), higher rates of any complications (19.19% [95% CI, 18.33%-20.05%] vs 12.27% [95% CI, 12.07%-12.47%]; P &amp;lt; .001), and longer hospital stays (7.27 [95% CI, 7.09-7.44] days vs 5.56 [95% CI, 5.53-5.60] days, P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceFindings of this cohort study suggest that uninsured patients more often undergo unplanned surgery for conditions that can be treated electively, with worse outcomes and longer hospital stays compared with their counterparts with private health insurance. As efforts are made to improve insurance coverage, tracking elective vs unplanned surgery rates for access-sensitive surgical conditions may be a useful measure to assess progress.
Are the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Pain and Function in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Dependent on Exercise Volume, Duration, and Adherence? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Marriott Kendal A. , Hall Michelle , Maciukiewicz Jacquelyn M. , Almaw Rachel D. , Wiebenga Emily G. , Ivanochko Natasha K. , Rinaldi Daniel , Tung Emma V. , Bennell Kim L. , Maly Monica R. 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine dose parameters for resistance exercise associated with improvements in pain and physical function in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) and whether these improvements were related to adherence.MethodsWe searched six databases, from inception to January 28, 2023, for randomized controlled trials comparing land‐based, resistance exercise–only interventions with no intervention, or any other intervention. There were four subgroups of intervention duration: 0 to <3 months, 3 to 6 months, >6 to <12 months, ≥12 months. The between‐group effect was calculated for immediate postintervention pain and physical function (activities of daily living [ADL] and sports/recreation [SPORT]).ResultsFor both knee and hip, data from 280 studies showed moderate benefit for pain, physical function ADL, and physical function SPORT in favor of interventions 3 to 6 months. For the knee, there was also a moderate benefit for physical function ADL in favor of interventions >6 to <12 months. From 151 knee and hip studies that provided total exercise volume data (frequency, time, duration), there was no association between volume with the effect size for pain and physical function. A total of 74 studies (69 knee, 5 hip) reported usable adherence data. There was no association between adherence with the effect size for pain and physical function.ConclusionIn knee and hip OA, resistance exercise interventions 3 to 6 months (and for the knee >6 to <12 months) duration improve pain and physical function. Improvements do not depend on exercise volume or adherence, suggesting exercise does not require rigid adherence to a specific dose.image
Numerical Analysis of Compound Biochemical Calcium Oscillations Process in Hepatocyte Cells
Authors: Joshi Hardik , Yavuz Mehmet 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe hepatocyte cells regulate the wide range of liver function by moderating cellular activities such as lipid, protein metabolism, carbohydrate, and interact with other cells for proliferation and maintenance. In hepatocyte cells, the concentration of calcium uptake is quite extensive from various agonists such as active subunit, active phospholipase C, free calcium in the cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum. The overproduction and degradation of calcium signals can cause homeostasis, liver inflammation, and liver diseases. The spatiotemporal behavior of calcium oscillation reveals the physiological role of these cellular entities in understanding the process of production and degradation. No computational attempt has been registered to date on the compound calcium regulation of these cellular entities including the memory of cells. Hence, the authors proposed a fractional order compartmental model that systematically simulates the exchange of calcium intake in cellular entities. The nonlinear equations of the rate of changes in the active subunit, active phospholipase C, free calcium in the cytosol, and endoplasmic reticulum are coupled to form a nonlinear fractional order initial value problem. The existence and uniqueness, stability analysis of the model is performed that validate the theoretical results and explore the dynamic behaviour of calcium oscillation in each compartment.
Exploring the Properties of Disordered Rocksalt Battery Cathode Materials by Advanced Characterization
Authors: Chen Roujia , Leung Chu Lun Alex , Huang Chun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCation‐disordered metal oxides as cathode materials for Li ion batteries have been overlooked from early studies due to to the restriction of Li ion diffusion, leading to poor electrochemical performance. However, the discovery of a new disordered rocksalt (DRX) structured material Li1.211Mo0.467Cr0.3O2 with a high capacity of >260 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C opened new research prospects in this emerging field and established DRX materials as a promising alternative with wider choices of transition metal elements compared with currently widely used layered cathode materials. Some of the major obstacles of the DRX materials include γ‐LiFeO2 type cation short‐range‐order that impedes Li ion diffusion, irreversible oxygen loss, and transition metal dissolution, which also present challenges for appropriate characterization techniques. Several performance optimization strategies have been employed, including fluorine incorporation, high entropy modification, and surface coating. This review article focuses on advancements in characterization techniques to uncover underlying mechanisms of Li ion diffusion and degradation of the DRX cathode materials to address the abovementioned challenges and provide inspiration for future studies of this class of materials.
Acid‐Unlocked Switch Controlled the Enzyme and CO In Situ Release to Induce Mitochondrial Damage via Synergy
Authors: Zhou Yifei , Zhang Ruohao , Lu Yu , Fu Xinyu , Lv Kehong , Gong Jitong , Wang Daguang , Feng Jing , Zhang Hongjie , Guo Yuchen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCO gas therapy has attracted enormous attention in tumor therapy due to the abilities of mitochondrial damage and inhibition of cellular respiration. However, the inefficient and random release of CO greatly limit its application. Taking this into account, the study constructs an acid‐unlocked nanostructure based on MPDA‐MnCO‐GOx@DSNPs, designated as MMGD. The nanostructure enables tumor microenvironment (TME) specific enzyme and CO prodrug (manganese carbonyl, MnCO) cascade reaction, thus facilitating CO release in situ. Mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) can provide the space for MnCO and glucose oxidase (GOx) loading. Especially, lanthanide (Ln3+)‐doped down‐shifting luminescent nanoparticles (DSNPs) can not only serve as the near‐infrared II (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging probe, but also act as the acid‐unlocked gating switch. The slightly acidic TME can render the dissociation of DSNPs, thus exposing GOx and releasing MnCO. The catalytic reaction of GOx can produce H2O2 and create a more acidic environment, which facilitates the CO generation in situ, leading to mitochondrial damage by reducing cytochrome c oxidase activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. Meanwhile, MPDA has the NIR light absorption capability for photothermal therapy (PTT). This study provides an ingenious strategy for efficient and controllable CO gas, starvation, and PTT of tumor guided by NIR‐II fluorescence imaging.
Continuously‐Tunable and Ultrawide‐Range Thermal Regulator Based on Superaligned Carbon Nanotube Aerogels for Dynamic Thermal Management of Batteries and Buildings
Authors: Yu Wei , Dai Wenhua , Hong Zixin , Li Guoxian , Wang Ziying , Meng Chuizhou , Wang Jiaping , Liu Changhong , Guo Shijie , Fan Shoushan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEfficient heat transfer control is highly demanded for dynamic thermal management of equipment and buildings especially when the environmental temperature dramatically changes. Thermal switches, the current approach of heat transfer control, suffer from the issues of low switching ratios below eight and sharp state transition between “on” and “off”. Herein, a continuously‐tuned thermal regulator with an ultrahigh thermal‐conductivity change ratio of 43 based on superaligned carbon nanotube aerogel is reported, which works on the regulation of both thermal interfacial resistance and conduction pathways by compressive deformation‐induced microstructure evolution. This thermal regulator can stabilize the device temperature at 25 °C when the environmental temperature varies by 7 and 11 °C under the natural convection and forced convection conditions, respectively. Toward practical application, the thermal regulator with flexibility is wrapped around a cylindrical lithium‐ion battery to control the operation temperature within the optimal range of 20–40 °C for enhanced discharging performance even at an environmental temperature of −20 °C. Besides, by combining the thermal regulator with radiative cooling film, the house model temperature can be lowered by 2.7 °C during daytime and raised by 1.1 °C during nighttime compared with the bare one. This efficient thermal regulation approach offers an effective solution for practical thermal management.
Atomistic Study of the Configurational Entropy and the Fragility of Supercooled Liquid GeTe
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Campi Davide , Bernasconi Marco , Mazzarello Riccardo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhase‐change materials (PCMs) are an important family of alloys employed in non‐volatile memories and neuromorphic devices. These devices exploit the ability of PCMs to undergo rapid transitions between amorphous and crystalline phases at moderately high temperature. At ambient conditions, both phases are stable. These properties imply a very strong temperature dependence of the crystallization kinetics, which has been attributed to the high fragility of the supercooled liquid phase. In this work, the fragility index of GeTe, an important PCM, is extracted from a computational exploration of the potential energy landscape of the system by molecular dynamics simulations. For this purpose, a neural‐network potential is used to describe the interatomic interactions, which enables the evaluation of the configurational entropy in the deeply supercooled regime. The viscosity and the relaxation times are also calculated in the same temperature range. Finally, the Adam‐Gibbs relation is used to extrapolate the data to low temperatures and estimate the glass transition temperature and the fragility index. The latter quantity turns out to be of the order of 135–140, which shows that liquid GeTe is a highly fragile system.
Engineering Copper‐Based Covalent Organic Framework Microenvironments to Enable Efficient CO2 Electroreduction with Tunable Ethylene/Methane Switch
Authors: Chen Qian , Si Duan‐Hui , Wu Qiu‐Jin , Cao Rong , Huang Yuan‐Biao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA microenvironment engineering strategy has been developed to switch the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR) selectivity from methane (CH4) to ethylene (C2H4) by adjusting the coordination microstructures of trinuclear copper cluster‐based metal‐covalent organic framework (MCOF). When Cu sites are oriented to channels in Cu‐PyCA‐MCOF, methane is the main product. Conversely, when trinuclear copper sites are coordinated with OH− and H2O molecules in Cu‐PyCAOH‐MCOF nanosheets, the main product switches from CH4 to C2H4 with 50.5% selectivity and 200.2 mA cm− partial current density at −1.2 V (vs RHE). This happens because CO2 molecules can only contact active sites perpendicular to the trinuclear copper cluster plane in Cu‐PyCAOH‐MCOF nanosheets, where the Cu─Cu distance between them is 3.2 Å, favoring the efficient conversion of CO2 to C2H4 through the C─C coupling reaction. Operando infrared spectroscopy, in situ X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectra, and DFT calculations reveal that changing the coordination environments of MCOFs significantly stabilizes key intermediates and reduces the energies of the CO2RR. This work offers an effective strategy for enhancing CO2RR performance toward C2H4 products by tuning the microenvironments of copper‐based electrocatalysts.
Electrospun Coaxial Nanowire‐Based FETs with Annular Heterogeneous Interface Gain for Intelligent Functional Electronics
Authors: He Bo , He Gang , Fu Can , Jiang Shanshan , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Wang Shouguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExploitation of low‐dimensional metal‐oxide semiconductor nanowires (MOS NWs) with peculiar and radial coaxial architectures is of great significance for constructing nanoscale, high‐performance, multi‐module integrable functional electronic products. Here, highly ordered In2O3@ZnO coaxial NW arrays (CNWA) using a simple and economical electrospinning technique are synthesized and assembled into field‐effect transistors (FETs). Featuring strong carrier effusion efficiency at the In2O3@ZnO circular heterogeneous interface, the field effect mobility (εFE) gets an intrinsic improvement and can reach as high as 202.3 cm2 V‒1 s‒1 for high‐k‐based CNWA FETs, which exceeds the performance of oxide‐based FETs devices reported by far. Furthermore, the unique structural advantages endowing In2O3@ZnO CNWA FETs with excellent optoelectronic coupling capabilities are identified, for which further optoelectronic detection and artificial photonic synaptic devices are constructed and functional simulations are implemented. This work offers new insights in designing optoelectronics and artificial synapses to process and recognize information for neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence applications.
Platinum‐Loaded Cerium Oxide Capable of Repairing Neuronal Homeostasis for Cerebral Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Therapy
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Zihao , Li Bo , Mu Liuhua , Sheng Kai , Xiong Yijia , Cheng Jiahui , Zhou Jia , Xiong Zhi , Zhou Lingling , Jiang Lixian , Wu Jianrong , Cai Xiaojun , Zheng Yuanyi , Du Wenxian , Li Yuehua , Zhu Yueqi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEffective neuroprotective agents are required to prevent neurological damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI) following an acute ischemic stroke. Herein, it is aimed to develop the neuroprotective agents of cerium oxide loaded with platinum clusters engineered modifications (Ptn‐CeO2). The density functional theory calculations show that Ptn‐CeO2 could effectively scavenge ROS, including hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anions (·O2−). In addition, Ptn‐CeO2 exhibits the superoxide dismutase‐ and catalase‐like enzyme activities, which is capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The in vitro studies show that Ptn‐CeO2 could adjust the restoration of the mitochondrial metabolism to ROS homeostasis, rebalance cytokines, and feature high biocompatibility. The studies in mice CIRI demonstrate that Ptn‐CeO2 could also restore cytokine levels, reduce cysteine aspartate‐specific protease (cleaved Caspase 3) levels, and induce the polarization of microglia to M2‐type macrophages, thus inhibiting the inflammatory responses. As a result, Ptn‐CeO2 inhibits the reperfusion‐induced neuronal apoptosis, relieves the infarct volume, reduces the neurological severity score, and improves cognitive function. Overall, these findings suggest that the prominent neuroprotective effect of the engineered Ptn‐CeO2 has a significant neuroprotective effect and provides a potential therapeutic alternative for CIRI.
Antimicrobial Guanidinylate Polycarbonates Show Oral In Vivo Efficacy Against Clostridioides Difficile
Authors: Xue Menglin , Chakraborty Soumyadeep , Gao Ruixuan , Wang Shaohui , Gu Meng , Shen Ning , Wei Lulu , Cao Chuanhai , Sun Xingmin , Cai Jianfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe emerging antibiotic resistance has been named by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the top 10 threats to public health. Notably, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) are designated as serious threats, whereas Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is recognized as one of the most urgent threats to human health and unmet medical need. Herein, they report the design and application of novel biodegradable
polymers — the lipidated antimicrobial guanidinylate polycarbonates. These polymers showed potent antimicrobial activity against a panel of bacteria with fast‐killing kinetics and low resistance development tendency, mainly due to their bacterial membrane disruption mechanism. More importantly, the optimal polymer showed excellent antibacterial activity against C. difficile infection (CDI) in vivo via oral administration. In addition, compared with vancomycin, the polymer demonstrated a much‐prolonged therapeutic effect and virtually diminished recurrence rate of CDI. The convenient synthesis, easy scale‐up, low cost, as well as biodegradability of this class of polycarbonates, together with their in vitro broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity and orally in vivo efficacy against CDI, suggest the great potential of lipidated guandinylate polycarbonates as a new class of antibacterial biomaterials to treat CDI and combat emerging antibiotic resistance.
Metal–Phenolic Networks‐Reinforced Extracellular Matrix Scaffold for Bone Regeneration via Combining Radical‐Scavenging and Photo‐Responsive Regulation of Microenvironment
Authors: Liu Zhiqing , Wang Tianlong , Zhang Lei , Luo Yiping , Zhao Jinhui , Chen Yixing , Wang Yao , Cao Wentao , Zhao Xinyu , Lu Bingqiang , Chen Feng , Zhou Zifei , Zheng Longpo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe limited regulation strategies of the regeneration microenvironment significantly hinder bone defect repair effectiveness. One potential solution is using biomaterials capable of releasing bioactive ions and biomolecules. However, most existing biomaterials lack real‐time control features, failing to meet high regulation requirements. Herein, a new Strontium (Sr) and epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) based metal–phenolic network with polydopamine (PMPNs) modification is prepared. This material reinforces a biomimetic scaffold made of extracellular matrix (ECM) and hydroxyapatite nanowires (nHAW). The PMPNs@ECM/nHAW scaffold demonstrates exceptional scavenging of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS), promoting HUVECs cell migration and angiogenesis, inducing stem cell osteogenic differentiation, and displaying high biocompatibility. Additionally, the PMPNs exhibit excellent photothermal properties, further enhancing the scaffold's bioactivities. In vivo studies confirm that PMPNs@ECM/nHAW with near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation significantly promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, effectively regulating the microenvironment and facilitating bone tissue repair. This research not only provides a biomimetic scaffold for bone regeneration but also introduces a novel strategy for designing advanced biomaterials. The combination of real‐time photothermal intervention and long‐term chemical intervention, achieved through the release of bioactive molecules/ions, represents a promising direction for future biomaterial development.
AI‐Enabled Materials Design of Non‐Periodic 3D Architectures With Predictable Direction‐Dependent Elastic Properties
Authors: Deng Weiting , Kumar Siddhant , Vallone Alberto , Kochmann Dennis M. , Greer Julia R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural porous materials have exceptional properties—for example, light weight, mechanical resilience, and multi‐functionality. Efforts to imitate their properties in engineered structures have limited success. This, in part, is caused by the complexity of multi‐phase materials composites and by the lack of quantified understanding of each component's role in overall hierarchy. This challenge is twofold: 1) computational. because non‐periodicity and defects render constructing design guidelines between geometries and mechanical properties complex and expensive and 2) experimental. because the fabrication and characterization of complex, often hierarchical and non‐periodic 3D architectures is non‐trivial.