bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appointing the Arbitral Tribunal and the Cessation of Its office
Authors: Tweeddale Andrew , Tweeddale Keren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The parties are free to agree on the number of arbitrators to form the arbitral tribunal and whether there should be a chairman or umpire. There is no limit to the number of arbitrators that may be appointed by the parties. If there is no agreement on the number of arbitrators, the default provisions of the Arbitration Act 1996 provide that arbitral tribunal will consist of a sole arbitrator.2 Where the parties are unable to agree and the default provisions apply, the court has no jurisdiction to appoint more than one arbitrator.
The Legend Of Miaoshan Revised Edition
Authors: Dudbridge Glen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Chinese legend, the princess Miaoshan defied her father by refusing to marry, and pursued her austere religious vocation to the death, but returned to life to be his saviour and the saviour of all mankind. The story is inseparable from the female bodhisattva Guanyin, whose cult dominated religious life at all levels in traditional China and is still powerful in rural China today. Miaoshan herself became a lasting symbol of the tension in women’s lives between individual spiritual fulfilment and the imperatives of family duty. The previous edition of this book was the first full monograph on the subject. It deals with the story’s background, early history, and more developed later versions, bringing much of this material to the attention of modern readers for the first time. It analyses the basic sources, many of them in Buddhist scripture, and the overall pattern of development. It finally offers a range of interpretations which discover here myths of religious celibacy, of filial piety, and of ritual salvation of the dead. The legend of Miaoshan spans the uncertain boundaries between Chinese popular literature, theatre, and religion, and this book directly addresses students of those fields. But it holds a larger significance for those interested in the position of women in traditional society, and students of comparative literature and folklore will find here a version of the ‘King Lear’ story. This new edition takes account of epigraphical evidence, discovered and accessed since the time of first publication, which enriches and refines the discussion. This and other additional evidence, introduced for the sake of a more complete picture, leave the argument and conclusions of the original study still essentially intact.
Textual Traditions Compared: The New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers
Authors: Ehrman Bart D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, rather than investigate the transmission of the New Testament in the Apostolic Fathers—the subject of the Oxford volume we are honouring in this centenary celebration—I would like to explore the transmission of the New Testament and the Apostolic Fathers. That is to say, I would like to engage in a kind of comparative analysis of the textual traditions of both corpora. It might fairly be objected that this is an unfair comparison, since the Apostolic Fathers did not, in fact, constitute a corpus until modern times, starting in 1672, the year J.
The Epistles of Ignatius of Antioch and the Writings that later formed the New Testament
Authors: Foster Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Discussion concerning the use of the various writings that now comprise the New Testament by Ignatius of Antioch has been overburdened with both theological and historical freight. Theologically, both the advocacy of a monarchical episcopacy and many of the heightened christological claims made by Ignatius have impinged on decisions concerning the date and authenticity of these epistles. Historically, much has been made of Ignatius’ location in Antioch, and apparent links with Paul or the writer of the first gospel. An issue that spans both theological and historical questions is the development of the NT canon, and the use by Ignatius of certain writings that were to become part of that grouping in order to establish some notion of a ‘proto-canon’ among ‘orthodox’ or ‘proto-orthodox’ Christians.
The Epistle of Barnabas and the Writings that later formed the New Testament
Authors: Carleton-Paget James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Epistle of Barnabas can be dated any time between the mid-90s CE and the 130s CE. Its attribution to Barnabas, the companion of Paul, is clearly false, and may in fact have been made after the letter was written in circumstances which are no longer reconstructable (to call it a pseudepigraph might, therefore, be wrong). Its provenance is probably Alexandrian, although certainty on this point is not attainable. Like Clement, Barnabas is much concerned with direct citation of what Christians came to call the Old Testament, but which Barnabas simply refers to as ‘scripture’.1 With a variety of introductory formulae, he cites from a broad swathe of OT books, with varying degrees of accuracy, and usuallyquoting from what appears to be a Greek Vorlage. How extensive his personal knowledge of the OT was is unclear, some attributing much of it to testimony books or school tradition.2 Indeed, beginning with Windisch in 1920, and continuing like a crimson thread through mainly German scholarship on Barnabas, the epistle’s author has been seen as the uncreative tradent of sources. This has affected scholarship on the epistle in a variety of ways, not least attempts to assess its purpose and audience.
Paul’s Inxuence On ‘Clement’ And Ignatius
Authors: Lindemann Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The writings of the early Christian authors called ‘Apostolic Fathers’ are different from most of the New Testament texts written during the last decades of the First century and the early decades of the second century: the authors do not hide their identities behind pseudonyms such as ‘Paul’ or ‘Peter’ or ‘James’. Rather, they try to convince their addressees not by using the authority of famous persons of the past but by the strength of their own theological argumentation. But often they refer to biblical and apostolic authorities, especially to the apostle Paul, as support for their arguments.
Ignatius and Polycarp: The Transformation of New Testament Traditions in the Context of Mystery Cults
Authors: Brent Allen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The letters of Ignatius of Antioch, written putatively by the bishop of Antioch in Syria,1 are a key indicator of the provenance of the Gospel of Matthew from that city. Those letters, however, also, make some references, and some tantalizing allusions,2 to the world of the writer of the Apocalypse, as they do to that of the Fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles.3 If they are genuine, then Polycarp’s Philippians is uninterpolated, and refers to Ignatius’ martyr procession as the cause of their collection by the former into a corpus Ignatianum.4
Safeguarding Children’s Welfare
Authors: Douglas Gillian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Chapter 3 outlined how the law relating to rights and responsibilities regarding children within the family has moved from a focus on the possessory right of the father over his legitimate children toward an emphasis on the interests of the child as an individual person. It also noted however, that aspects of parental responsibility continue to reflect a conception of the child as being (in) the possession of her parents. This Chapter explores how the law can be used to protect children’s interests, if need be against the competing interests of their parents.
Courts exercising jurisdiction in family matters (see Chapter 1) have a range of orders at their disposal to deal with issues concerning children’s welfare. These orders fall into two main categories. First, there are orders primarily designed to regulate the exercise of aspects of parental responsibility.
The Protection Given To Individuals By Tupe
Authors: Hyams Oliver 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The contracts of employment of all relevant employees and all relevant powers and liabilities arising under those contracts are transferred by TUPE from the transferor to the transferee. This is the broad effect of regulation 4 of TUPE.Its precise effects are described below, after the following paragraphs, which describe the test for determining which employees’ contracts transfer by virtue of TUPE. The need to consider the latter question first arises from the fact that there may be a TUPE transfer which gives rise to the transfer of no contracts of employment. This is at ﬁrst sight surprising, but there may be an undertaking or part of an undertaking which is transferred from one employer to another, to which undertaking or part of an undertaking no employees are ‘assigned’.
Israel’s Redeemer is the One to Whom and with Whom She Prays
Authors: Ochs Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Preface
The most important book of Jewish theology is the prayer book, or siddur. And, within the siddur, the most important Jewish theology of redemption is displayed in the daily morning prayer service, or shacharit. Before offering a careful reading of the structure of this service, I would like to share a few thoughts on why I believe both Christian and Jewish theologians would have much to gain from studying the siddur as a source for contemporary Jewish theology.
Relevance of Choice of Law Analysis for Equitable Doctrines
Authors: Yeo Tm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to examine whether there are any unique 1.01 characteristics of English equity, or anything unique about the content or character of its principles and rules, that render the concept of choice of law irrelevant whenever a litigant invokes what is regarded in the domes­ tic law of the forum as the equitable jurisdiction of the court of the forum. Section II examines but rejects the proposition that choice of law is irrelevant in equity because choice of law concerns are already dealt with in its jurisdiction rules. Section III considers the question whether there are any characteristics inherent in equitable principles that render choice of law analysis irrelevant, and answers it in the negative. In section IV, the conclusion is reached that it is not true that equitable principles of the law of the forum are immune to choice of law analysis as being necessarily part of the fundamental public policy or mandatory forum rules of the forum, or of a special category of cases within the formative jurisdiction of the forum.
Torts and Wrongs
Authors: Yeo Tm 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the extent to which issues involving equitable 8.01 wrongs can be analysed under choice of law rules for torts. Equitable wrongs are not easy to define, but for the purpose of this chapter, they are taken to mean broadly liabilities or disabilities imposed historically in the domestic equitable jurisdiction for wrongdoing. In section II, it is sought to show that in principle, to the extent that equitable wrongs serve the same functions as common law or statutory torts, all should be considered within the same choice of law category. Common law and statute law are examined to determine the extent to which this argument is supported.
Employee Start-ups in High-Tech Industries
Authors: Klepper Steven 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Where do entrants come from? One place is incumbent firms in the same industry. Employees commonly leave their employers to start firms in the same industry, which will be called spin-offs. In some industries, spin-offs are legion. Indeed, in the semiconductor industry so many spin-offs can be traced back to one firm alone, Fairchild Semiconductor, that they have been dubbed Fairchildren. Some observers characterize spin-offs as parasites feeding off the innovative efforts of their parents, aided by ‘vulture ‘ capitalists that help them get started. Ironically, Fairchild ‘s most famous offspring, Intel, has maintained this position, going to great extremes to harrass employees that leave to start their own firms 0ackson, 1998, pp. 211-338).
The Institutional Embeddedness of High-Tech Regions: Relational Foundations of the Boston Biotechnology Community
Authors: Porter Kelley , Whittington Kjersten Bunker , Powell Walter W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The biotechnology industry exemplifies many of the key features of science based clusters. Biotechnology firms in both the US and Europe are located in a small number of geographic regions. Within these clusters, there are extensive relations between firms and public research organizations, including universities, government laboratories, and research hospitals. In the United States, the strength and robustness of the three leading biotechnology clusters - the San Francisco Bay Area, the Boston Metropolitan area, and San Diego County stem from the joint contributions of both public and private organizations to scientific and technical advance (Owen-Smith et al., 2002). The combination of dense social networks and geographic co-location has been critical to the genesis of these high-tech regions (Bunker Whittington et al., 2005).
Complementarity and Fit in the Study of Comparative Capitalisms
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An important component of almost all neo-institutionalist analysis of national systems of economic organization-or any other identified level at which a system can be observed-is the construction of ensembles that link institutions in one area within a given social formation to those in another. However, as some other contributors to this volume demonstrate (in particular Deeg’s Chapter 2 and Morgan’s concluding Chapter 14), the matter is not straightforward. This is so for a reason very familiar to sociologists: human actors will often regard the institutional context within which they find themselves as provisional and as capable of amendment by them. We may follow Morgan’s final chapter in using the term ‘institutional entrepreneurship’ to describe this approach of actors to their contexts.
Developing Transnational Organizational Capabilities in Multinational Companies: Institutional Constraints on Authority Sharing and Careers in Six Types of MNC
Authors: Whitley Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent work on the role of institutional frameworks in structuring firms’ strategies and competences has shown how variations in the organization of capital and labour markets, and institutional arrangements more generally, can affect the sorts of organizational capabilities that leading firms develop, and consequently help to explain differences in patterns of technological change and industrial specialization between market economies (see, for example, Amable 2000; Bassanini and Ernst 2002; Casper 2000; Casper and Whitley 2004). Such collective capabilities constitute key sources of competitive advantage for companies that are difficult to imitate, especially perhaps the more ‘technical’ competences concerned with developing and delivering goods and services (Teece et al. 1994). They take time to build and typically involve relatively ‘low powered’ incentives to encourage employees to work together over some time in generating firm specific knowledge.
Varieties of Vertical Disintegration: The Global Trend Toward Heterogeneous Supply Relations and the Reproduction of Difference in US and German Manufacturing
Authors: Herrigel Gary , Wittke Volker 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As is well known, there is a global trend toward vertical disintegration in many manufacturing industries. Large manufacturing firms are radically reducing the amount of their product that they both produce and design themselves. Instead they are turning to suppliers for key design, component, and even system inputs. This shift has created a great deal of business for specialized suppliers in a vast array of areas throughout the global manufacturing economy. But it has also created an entirely new and challenging-often quite contradictory-terrain of relations between suppliers and their customers. Our claim in this chapter is that relations between suppliers and customers in manufacturing are becoming systematically more heterogeneous within all advanced industrial societies.
Commodification and Cultural Ownership
Authors: Macmillan Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Copyright is not the first so-called private law right governing speech or expression to be touched by the accusation that its operation may, in some respects, constitute a limit on freedom of speech. There is a relatively well-developed jurisprudence in which concepts of freedom of speech have operated in order to limit, for example, the rights to sue for defamation and breach of confidence. Freedom of speech issues have intruded into these areas as the result of a collision between these ‘private rights’ and matters of ‘public interest or concern’. So in US defamation law, for example, the Constitutional protection of free speech has been invoked to limit the ability of ‘public’ figures to sue for defamation, on the basis that free expression on matters of public concern should not be chilled. Similar considerations.
Databases, The Human Rights Act and Eu Law
Authors: Phillips Jeremy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There isn’t one. Database right is divided into two rights, a copyright in the creative scheme for the arrangement or selection of data and the sui generisright in collated data. Neither of these rights can be said to have evolved hand, the controlling grip of both copyright law and digital technology on both intermediate and end users has the potential to become much tighter in the digital and networked environment. This is because, when obtaining access to copyright material in digital The arguments take many forms, but have one thing in common-an insistence that the creation and enforcement of strong rights in information stifles, rather than supports.
Sweet and Blessed Country
Authors: Saward John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Sweet and Blessed Country John Saward takes an altarpiece from fifteenth-century Provence as his starting-point for a theological exposition of the Christian hope for Heaven. The altarpiece, Enguerrand Quarton ’s Coronation of the Virgin, was painted for a Carthusian monastery, and so it is monastic theologians, and principally Denys the Carthusian, who guide Saward in his exploration of that‘sweet and blessed country’ in which the angels and saints contemplate the face of God. John Saward’s book breaks new ground not only in content but also in style and method. He discusses a subject, eschatology (the doctrine of the last things), which is generally neglected today, and, though he observes the disciplines of scholarship, he also reaches out to a readership beyond the academy. This theology of Heaven, faithfully rooted in the Catholic tradition, offers enlightenment to every Christian who seeks understanding of his hope, and encouragement to every human being who yearns for ultimate fulfilment.
Routine Adjustment and Bounded Innovation: The Changing Political Economy of Japan
Authors: Vogel Steven K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To unravel this puzzle, we must first recognize that market systems are embedded in a complex web of laws, practices, and norms (Polanyi 1944; Fligstein 2001). This implies that the process of liberalizing markets-just as much as the process of constraining markets-involves the transformation of laws, practices, and norms. Scholarship on the varieties of capitalism sometimes employs language that suggests that the Japanese model is more embedded in institutions than the American model. Yet an American-style external labor market is not any less embedded than a Japanese-style internal labor market; and an American equity based financial system is not any less embedded than a Japanese credit-based system. This means that for Japan to shift toward the liberal market model, it would not simply have to dismantle existing institutions but also create new ones.
Moral Philosophy in the Universities of Medieval and Renaissance Europe
Authors: Lines David A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From about 1200 to 1700, the philosophy curriculum in Europe (and in the New World, and wherever European powers or missionary initiatives established institutions of higher learning) was based on the works of Aristotle, most of which became once more available in Latin translation during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The standard procedure was to study logic, natural and moral philosophy, and metaphysics. These philosophical studies were the core of the Arts curriculum, which commonly also included subjects such as grammar and rhetoric, astronomy and mathematics, and sometimes music or other elements of the quadrivium. It is often noted that this programme provided a common cultural formation for the intellectual elites who passed through it in preparation for their more technical professional studies. Furthermore, the Arts courses served as the foundational reference point for the far more numerous students who attended universities only for a short time and left without obtaining a degree the cost of which could often be prohibitive.
Baroque Drama in Jesuit Schools of Central Europe, 1700–1773
Authors: Shore Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
the traditional narrative of the history of education, the rise of the Society of Jesus as a teaching and missionary order has often been linked with a set of aesthetic values collectively identified as the ‘baroque’. Yet the defining characteristics of the baroque, as an expression of an aesthetic and as a worldview, remain somewhat elusive; the related question concerning the existence of a distinctly ‘Jesuit’ style in the visual arts during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries remains a matter of debate. Whether the Society of Jesus can be credited with developing its own distinctive visual style, there is no doubt that the Jesuits spread elements of a culture that came to be known as baroque around the globe. One of the most distinctive and significant manifestations of the baroque was the Jesuit school play, an integral part of the academic experience of students enrolled in Jesuit schools, and for untold thousands of viewers, an encounter with an ideology that encompassed religion, literature, and the sciences. In their integration of art, rhetoric, and moral pedagogy, Jesuit school plays were also the most representative contribution of the Society, as it existed before its suppression in 1773. A discussion of the features of Jesuit school plays, therefore, may help us come to a better understanding of the baroque.
Financial Law
Authors: Benjamin Joanna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The traditional financial market sectors of insurance, commercial banking, derivatives, capital markets and asset management are converging in practice, but their analysis is still largely sector-based. This book offers a cross-sectoral, functional approach. It highlights anomalies in the different legal treatment of the respective sectors (suggesting law reform to sum, and arbitrage opportunities to others) and identifies key trends. This book offers an integrated approach to financial law which is both useful and timely, as the markets have been converging for over two decades. Functions traditionally performed in one sector are now undertaken in another, and financial techniques are emerging which combine characteristics of different traditional transaction types. Investment banks increasingly offer new structured products in a range of alternative legal “wrappers”. Securitisation, particularly in association with credit derivatives, continues to be a dominant force, drawing ever more categories of business into the capital markets. Innovations such as these have been associated with a high level of legal risk, and the cross-sectoral freedoms offered by deregulation have not been fully exploited. This book presents financial law as a discrete branch of law, to be considered in the round; it will therefore provide the practitioner, scholar or regulator with a complete, unfragmented view of the subject.