bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthcare professionals' acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccination for their children: A cross‐sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Western India
Authors: Vaghela Gladson , Shukla Apexa , Dave Darshan J , Lamichhane Aashish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsEstablishing a transparent and forthright dialog between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the public is paramount in promoting the effective acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccination for children. Hence, this study aimed to assess the COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance, knowledge, and perception among HCPs for their children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among HCPs at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Western India. A structured questionnaire was designed and validated to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.ResultsThe study found that more than 80% of HCPs had good knowledge about COVID‐19 vaccines, and 92.74% of them were willing to accept the vaccine for their children. Doctors were more likely to vaccinate their children, and 73% of HCPs had a favorable attitude toward immunizing their children if a new COVID‐19 vaccine was available. Academic/peer‐reviewed publications were considered the most reliable source of information for COVID‐19 vaccination, followed by government sources.ConclusionThis study found that parental vaccine hesitancy was significantly lower among the HCP group. The majority of HCPs were in favor of vaccinating their children against COVID‐19, indicating that they can serve as an effective channel for promoting parental acceptance of COVID‐19 vaccines in the community.
Menarche age and the risk of diabetes: A cross‐sectional study in South‐Eastern Iran
Authors: Khazaeian Somayyeh , Shahraki‐Sanavi Fariba , Ansarimoghaddam Alireza 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDiabetes is a major public health problem worldwide. This study aimed to determine the relationship between menarche age and overt diabetes in southeast Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 6094 eligible women between the ages of 35 and 70 participating in the Zahedan Adult Cohort Study. Demographic and background data, fertility, anthropometry, and disease history were collected based on a questionnaire. Menarche age was classified into five categories (under 12 years, 12, 13, 14, 15 years and more). Diabetes is defined as a blood sugar of 126 or more according to the definition by the American Diabetes Association. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 software. Descriptive analysis was performed with frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation; and analytical analysis using chi‐square and logistic regression tests. The significance level in this study was p < 0.05.ResultsThe participants' mean age was 49.41 ± 8.88, and the mean age at menarche was 13 ± 1.49. 22.8% (1389 women) of participants with diabetes and 77.2% (4705 women) did not have diabetes. The findings showed that the chance of developing diabetes in women with a menarche age <12 years was significantly higher than in women with a menarche age of 13 years (reference) (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.51). This relationship was significant after adjusting variables such as body mass index, education level, fertility factors, history of diabetes, and reproductive diabetes (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.44, p = 0.04).ConclusionOur findings suggest that young age at menarche may be a risk factor for diabetes in adulthood. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings. However, it is suggested to pay attention to it in diabetes screening so that, if possible, by identifying people at risk and implementing prevention programs, the adverse consequences of diabetes can be reduced.
Metformin inhibits high glucose‐induced apoptosis of renal podocyte through regulating miR‐34a/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Zhuang Xudong , Sun Zhuye , Du Huasheng , Zhou Tianhui , Zou Jing , Fu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported SIRT1 was inversely modulated by miR‐34a, However, mechanism of metformin (MFN)'s renal podocyte protection under high glucose (HG) conditions and the connection between miR‐34a and SIRT1 expression in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remain unclear.MethodWe aimed to further elucidate the role of miR‐34a in HG‐treated podocytes in DN. A conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line was cultivated in d‐glucose (30 mM).ResultsMicroarray and RT‐qPCR revealed that miR‐34a was downregulated in HG‐treated podocytes. Additionally, miR‐34a levels increased in MFN‐treated HG‐induced podocytes. CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot detection showed that HG treatment reduced cell viability and promoted via HG treatment, and MFN treatment reversed this phenotypic change. MiR‐34a upregulation caused restored cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis in HG‐treated podocytes, and miR‐34a downregulation led to damaged cell survival and induced apoptosis in MFN‐administered and HG‐treated podocytes. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that SIRT1 3′‐UTR was a direct miR‐34a target. Further studies demonstrated an elevation in SIRT1 levels in HG‐exposed podocytes, whereas MFN treatment decreased SIRT1 levels. In addition, miR‐34a upregulation led to reduced SIRT1 expression, whereas miR‐34a inhibition increased SIRT1 levels in cells. MFN‐induced miR‐34a suppresses podocyte apoptosis under HG conditions by acting on SIRT1.ConclusionThis study proposes a promising approach to interpret the mechanisms of action of the MFN‐miR‐34a axis involved in DN.
Alleviating effect of Nexrutine on mucosal inflammation in mice with ulcerative colitis: Involvement of the RELA suppression
Authors: Xu Hongyun , Wu Chunyu , Wang Danning , Wang Haiqiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundNexrutine is an herbal extract derived from Phellodendron amurense, known for its anti‐inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and hemostatic properties. However, its effect on ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear.MethodsA mouse model of UC was induced by 3% dextran sulfate sodium, while human colonic epithelial cells NCM‐460 were exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Both models were treated with Nexrutine at 300 or 600 mg/kg, with Mesalazine applied as a positive control regimen. The disease activity index (DAI) of mice was calculated, and the pathological injury scores were assessed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The viability of NCM‐460 cells was determined using the CCK‐8 method. Inflammatory cytokines were detected using ELISA kits. Expression of mucin 3 (MUC3), Claudin‐1, and tight junction protein (ZO‐1) was detected to analyze mucosal barrier integrity. Target genes of Nexrutine were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Expression of RELA proto‐oncogene (RELA) was analyzed using qPCR and western blot assays.ResultsThe Nexrutine treatments significantly alleviated DAI of mice, mitigated pathological changes in their colon tissues, decreased the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, enhanced the barrier integrity‐related proteins, and increased NCM‐460 cell viability in vitro. RELA, identified as a target gene of Nexrutine, showed elevated levels in UC models but was substantially suppressed by Nexrutine treatment. Adenovirus‐mediated RELA upregulation in mice or the overexpression plasmid of RELA in cells counteracted the effects of Nexrutine treatments, exacerbating UC‐related symptoms.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Nexrutine alleviates inflammatory mucosal barrier damage in UC by suppressing RELA transcription.
Clinical performance of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody levels in primary biliary cholangitis: When detected by multiplex bead‐based flow fluorescent immunoassay
Authors: Wang Zhan , Li Yongxin , Ren Lisheng , Li Yujie , Xu Tiantian , Li Wenshuai , Gao Weize , Sun Guirong , Liu Mingjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackground and AimPrimary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune cholangiopathy, characterized by the presence of some autoantibodies in the serum. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody levels detected by multiplex bead‐based flow fluorescent immunoassay (MBFFI) in PBC.MethodsThis study cohort included 238 PBC patients, 81 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients, 62 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and 118 healthy controls. Serum AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody were detected by MBFFI and immunoblotting assay (IBT). The relationship between three antibody levels and cirrhosis, liver function, cholestasis markers and therapeutic effect to ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA) was evaluated in PBC.ResultsMBFFI were presented good coincidence rate (87.39%–95.38%) with IBT. The level of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibodies in PBC patients were higher than other disease group and healthy controls (p ＜ .01). When compared with the healthy controls group, the AUC of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibodies were 0.9245, 0.7619, and 0.6789, respectively. In addition, gp210 antibody levels have diagnostic value in patients with liver cirrhosis (AUC: 0.7567). We found that when combine detect these three antibodies, the sensitivity was higher than individually detection. High level of serum anti‐gp210 antibody could be related to worse liver function and more severe cholestasis in PBC patients. Moreover, serum antibody levels may decrease or remained flat in patients who responded well to UDCA.ConclusionThe detection of AMA‐M2, anti‐gp210 and anti‐sp100 antibody levels by MBFFI showed good performance in the diagnosis of PBC. Serum anti‐gp210 antibody level is related to cirrhosis, poor liver function and severe cholestasis in PBC.
An improved semantic segmentation for breast lesion from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI images using deep learning
Authors: Star C. Sahaya Pushpa Sarmila , Milton A. , Inbamalar T. M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 2.3 million breast cancer cases are diagnosed each year. Early detection is key to tackling this issue, and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE‐MRI) is a preferred method for detecting tumors. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) can accurately segment images without human assistance. The objective of this study is to develop a computer‐aided diagnosis system that can segment breast lesions from DCE‐MRI images. A 92‐layer deep CNN, called DCNN‐92, and a 94‐layer deep CNN, called DCNN‐94, have been designed to identify lesions. The proposed methods have been validated using images from The Cancer Image Archive (TCIA) database. The proposed DCNN‐92 model segments the tumor pixels effectively, but it exhibits some misclassifications where certain background pixels are incorrectly labeled as tumor and tumor pixels are identified as background. To segment the tumor pixels more accurately, two grouped convolution layers are added to the DCNN‐92 model. The model with 94 layers, that is, DCNN‐94, segments most of the tumor pixels correctly, thereby enhancing the segmentation performance. When compared to DCNN‐92, the DCNN‐94 model exhibits enhanced performance across standard metrics such as sensitivity, dice coefficient, Jaccard coefficient, and area under the curve (AUC). It was found that the training time for DCNN‐94 is shorter. The DCNN‐94 model with dilation factor and group convolution is concluded to be an effective method for lesion segmentation from breast DCE‐MRI images compared to existing methods.
Further evidence of renewal in automatically maintained behavior
Authors: Falligant John Michael , Kranak Michael P. , Piersma Drew E. , Benson Ryan , Schmidt Jonathan D. , Frank‐Crawford Michelle A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRenewal is a relapse phenomenon that refers to the recurrence of a previously reduced behavior following a change in stimulus conditions. Muething et al. (2022) examined the phenomenology of renewal among individuals with automatically maintained challenging behavior treated at an outpatient clinic. We replicated their findings by retrospectively examining renewal across various topographies of automatically maintained behavior treated at an inpatient hospital, and we extended their work by also examining differences across subtypes of automatically maintained self‐injurious behavior. The prevalence of renewal was comparable to that observed by Muething et al., supporting the notion that automatically maintained challenging behavior is susceptible to relapse phenomena. Furthermore, renewal was twice as likely to occur for individuals with Subtype 2 versus Subtype 1 self‐injurious behavior, providing additional evidence of behavioral differentiation between subtypes. Our findings suggest that even after apparent stability in treatment, practitioners should remain vigilant for the recurrence of automatically maintained behavior during generalization.
In silico analysis of alpha‐synuclein protein variants and posttranslational modifications related to Parkinson's disease
Authors: da Silva Aloma N. R. , Pereira Gabriel R. C. , Bonet Luiz Felippe Sarmento , Outeiro Tiago Fleming , De Mesquita Joelma F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting over 10 million people worldwide. The protein encoded by the SNCA gene, alpha‐synuclein (ASYN), is the major component of Lewy body (LB) aggregates, a histopathological hallmark of PD. Mutations and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in ASYN are known to influence protein aggregation and LB formation, possibly playing a crucial role in PD pathogenesis. In this work, we applied computational methods to characterize the effects of missense mutations and PTMs on the structure and function of ASYN. Missense mutations in ASYN were compiled from the literature/databases and underwent a comprehensive predictive analysis. Phosphorylation and SUMOylation sites of ASYN were retrieved from databases and predicted by algorithms. ConSurf was used to estimate the evolutionary conservation of ASYN amino acids. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ASYN wild‐type and variants A30G, A30P, A53T, and G51D were performed using the GROMACS package. Seventy‐seven missense mutations in ASYN were compiled. Although most mutations were not predicted to affect ASYN stability, aggregation propensity, amyloid formation, and chaperone binding, the analyzed mutations received relatively high rates of deleterious predictions and predominantly occurred at evolutionarily conserved sites within the protein. Moreover, our predictive analyses suggested that the following mutations may be possibly harmful to ASYN and, consequently, potential targets for future investigation: K6N, T22I, K34E, G36R, G36S, V37F, L38P, G41D, and K102E. The MD analyses pointed to remarkable flexibility and essential dynamics alterations at nearly all domains of the studied variants, which could lead to impaired contact between NAC and the C‐terminal domain triggering protein aggregation. These alterations may have functional implications for ASYN and provide important insight into the molecular mechanism of PD, supporting the design of future biomedical research and improvements in existing therapies for the disease.
Effects of pre‐winter cortisol exposure on condition, diet, and morphology of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Colborne Scott , Peiman Kathryn S. , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Larsen Martin H. , Aarestrup Kim , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWinter is an energetically challenging period for many animals in temperate regions because of the relatively harsh environmental conditions and reduction in food availability during this season. Moreover, stressors experienced by individuals in the fall can affect their subsequent foraging strategy and energy stores after exposure has ended, referred to as carryover effects. We used exogenous cortisol manipulation of wild juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the fall to simulate a physiological stress response and then investigated short‐term (2 weeks) and long‐term (4 months) effects on condition metrics (hepatosomatic index and water muscle content), diet (stomach contents and stable isotopes), and morphology during growth in freshwater. We revealed some short‐term impacts, likely due to handling stress, and long‐term (seasonal) changes in diet, likely reflecting prey availability. Unfortunately, we had very few recaptures of cortisol‐treated fish at long‐term sampling, limiting detailed analysis about cortisol effects at that time point. Nonetheless, the fish that were sampled showed elevated stable isotopes, suggestive of a cortisol effect long after exposure. This is one of few studies to investigate whether cortisol influences foraging and morphology during juvenile growth, thus extending the knowledge of proximate mechanisms influencing ecologically‐relevant phenotypes.
Reproducibility and Repeatability of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Acquisition Methods in Liver
Authors: Vasquez Juan A. , Brown Marissa , Woolsey Mary , Abdul‐Ghani Mohammad , Katabathina Venkata , Deng Shengwen , Blangero John , Clarke Geoffrey D. 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIntravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) has potential for evaluating hepatic fibrosis but image acquisition technique influence on diffusion parameter estimation bears investigation.PurposeTo minimize variability and maximize repeatably in abdominal DWI in terms of IVIM parameter estimates.Study TypeProspective test–retest and image quality comparison.SubjectsHealthy volunteers (3F/7M, 29.9 ± 12.9 years) and Family Study subjects (18F/12M, 51.7 ± 16.7 years), without and with liver steatosis.Field Strength/SequenceAbdominal single‐shot echo‐planar imaging (EPI) and simultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) DWI sequences with respiratory triggering (RT), breath‐holding (BH), and navigator echo (NE) at 3 Tesla.AssessmentSMS‐BH, EPI‐NE, and SMS‐RT data from twice‐scanned healthy volunteers were analyzed using 6 × b‐values (0–800 s⋅mm−2) and lower (LO) and higher (HI) b‐value ranges. Family Study subjects were scanned using SMS and standard EPI sequences. The biexponential IVIM model was used to estimate fast‐diffusion coefficient (Df), fraction of fast diffusion (f), and slow‐diffusion coefficient (Ds). Scan time, estimated signal‐to‐noise ratio (eSNR), eSNR per acquisition, and distortion ratio were compared.Statistical TestsCoefficients of variation (CoV) and Bland Altman analyses were performed for test–retest repeatability. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed interobserver agreement with P < 0.05 deemed significant.ResultsWithin‐subject CoVs among volunteers (N = 10) for f and Ds were lowest in EPI‐NE‐LO (11.6%) and SMS‐RT‐HI (11.1%). Inter‐observer ICCs for f and Ds were highest for EPI‐NE‐LO (0.63) and SMS‐RT‐LO (0.76). Df could not be estimated for most subjects. Estimated eSNR (EPI = 21.9, SMS = 4.7) and eSNR time (EPI = 6.7, SMS = 16.6) were greater for SMS, with less distortion in the liver region (DR‐PE: EPI = 23.6, SMS = 13.1).Data ConclusionSimultaneous multislice acquisitions had significantly less variability and higher ICCs of Ds, higher eSNR, less distortion, and reduced scan time compared to EPI.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 1
Analytical modeling of recessed double gate junctionless field‐effect‐transistor in subthreshold region
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Chatterjee Arun Kumar , Pandey Rishikesh 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, we have presented an analytical model for a recently proposed symmetrical recessed double gate junctionless field‐effect transistor (R_DGJLFET) operating in subthreshold region. The model has been developed by solving a two‐dimensional Poisson's equation in three continuous rectangular silicon regions, resulting in explicit expressions for surface potential, center potential, and eventually the subthreshold drain current. The model provides deeper physical insights by successfully incorporating the effect of various design parameters such as doping concentration, gate length, gate work function, and effective oxide thickness on the subthreshold drain current. Moreover, the effect of variations in gate length on the subthreshold slope has also been presented. The model results have been validated with the simulation results obtained from the Silvaco Atlas tool and found reasonably close.
Time and change: A meta‐analysis of temporal decisions in longitudinal studies
Authors: Zhao Helen Hailin , Shipp Abbie J. , Carter Kameron , Gonzalez‐Mulé Erik , Xu Erica 
Published: January 2024

SummaryLongitudinal research has grown in popularity in the field of management and organizations. However, the literature has neglected to consider the important ways in which researchers' temporal decisions can influence observed change in longitudinal studies. Researchers must make a set of temporal decisions to capture change, such as the temporal precision of the hypothesized form of change, the selection of a sample that is expected to exhibit the change, the choice of variables to be measured repeatedly, the frequency of measurements, and the time interval between measurements. However, these decisions typically are based on “educated guesses,” which makes their effects on the observed change unclear. In this paper, we develop a conceptual framework to explain how temporal decisions influence observed change and validate it by meta‐analyzing longitudinal studies (k = 268). Specifically, we found that observed change is affected by hypotheses (i.e., temporal precision), the sample (i.e., presence of a change trigger), variables (i.e., variable type and rating source), and measurement occasions (i.e., frequency and time interval). These findings offer insights into the importance of making informed temporal decisions. The implications of our findings are broad and applicable across research streams and theoretical traditions.
Tourists' perception of health tourism before and after COVID‐19
Authors: Zhong Lina , Sun Sunny , Law Rob , Qi Xiangchi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHealth tourism has received increasing attention from academic researchers from a global perspective. Although mainland China (hereafter referred to as “China”) has long been recognized as a health tourism destination, its health tourism development is still in its infancy stage. Hence, to minimize the aforementioned gap, the present study explored the perception of health tourism and effective health tourism promotion methods from the perspective of tourists before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The major findings of this study showed that tourists perceived wellness tourism and medical tourism as critical activities/components after the COVID‐19 pandemic.