bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognition mediates response to anthropogenic noise in wild Western Australian magpies (Gmynorhina tibicen dorsalis)
Authors: Blackburn Grace , Ashton Benjamin J. , Thornton Alex , Woodiss‐Field Sarah , Ridley Amanda R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic noise is a pollutant of growing concern, with wide‐ranging effects on taxa across ecosystems. Until recently, studies investigating the effects of anthropogenic noise on animals focused primarily on population‐level consequences, rather than individual‐level impacts. Individual variation in response to anthropogenic noise may result from extrinsic or intrinsic factors. One such intrinsic factor, cognitive performance, varies between individuals and is hypothesised to aid behavioural response to novel stressors. Here, we combine cognitive testing, behavioural focals and playback experiments to investigate how anthropogenic noise affects the behaviour and anti‐predator response of Western Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis), and to determine whether this response is linked to cognitive performance. We found a significant population‐level effect of anthropogenic noise on the foraging effort, foraging efficiency, vigilance, vocalisation rate and anti‐predator response of magpies, with birds decreasing their foraging, vocalisation behaviours and anti‐predator response, and increasing vigilance when loud anthropogenic noise was present. We also found that individuals varied in their response to playbacks depending on their cognitive performance, with individuals that performed better in an associative learning task maintaining their anti‐predator response when an alarm call was played in anthropogenic noise. Our results add to the growing body of literature documenting the adverse effects of anthropogenic noise on wildlife and provide the first evidence for an association between individual cognitive performance and behavioural responses to anthropogenic noise.
Effect of oral health interventions for dependent older people—A systematic review
Authors: Salazar Josefina , Andersen Christina , Øzhayat Esben Boeskov 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundThere is an increasing proportion of older people in the population worldwide, with a large group being dependent on the care of others. Dependent older people are more vulnerable to oral diseases, which can heavily impact their quality of life (OHRQoL) and general health.ObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review was to comprehensively assess interventions to improve oral health or guarantee access and adherence to dental treatment of dependent older people.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and clinical trial registries. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, risk of bias evaluation using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and assessment of certainty of the evidence. When possible, we conducted a meta‐analysis to calculate effect estimates and their 95%CIs. Primary outcomes were OHRQoL, oral/dental health, and use of the oral care system.ResultsWe included a total of 30 randomised clinical trials assessing educational and non‐educational interventions for community‐dwelling older people (n = 2) and those residing in long‐term care facilities (n = 28). Most studies assessed oral hygiene and showed that interventions may result in a reduction in dental plaque in the short term (with low certainty of evidence), but there is limited evidence for long‐term effectiveness. Only one study assessed OHRQoL, and none evaluated changes in the use of the oral health care system.ConclusionOur findings do not provide strong conclusions in favour of any specific intervention, mainly due to study quality and imprecision. There is limited information about the long‐term effect of interventions, and further research is needed, especially targeting community‐dwelling older people.PROSPERO ID: CRD42021231721.
Orthodontists’ instructions for oral hygiene in patients with removable and fixed orthodontic appliances
Authors: Baumer Christina , Schmidtmann Irene , Ohlendorf Daniela , Ferrari Peron Priscila , Wehrbein Heinrich , Erbe Christina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this questionnaire‐based survey was to evaluate information on frequencies, instructions and products relating to oral hygiene (OH) in orthodontic practices.MethodsUsing a computer‐generated randomization list, 1000 orthodontists were selected and sent a questionnaire. The size and number of inhabitants of the federal states of Germany were considered. The federal states with the highest return rate (Baden‐Wuerttemberg [BW], Bavaria [B], Hesse [H], Lower Saxony [LS], Nordrhein‐Westphalia [NRW]) were considered and differences between the 16 federal states were divided into North, South, East and Central Germany.ResultsThe response rate of the questionnaires was 52.4%. The majority (53.8%) worked in one practice alone. Most (59.1%) have been orthodontists for 5–25 years. For vestibular multibracket appliances (MBA) in BW, B, H and LS over 90% recommended interdental brushes (IDB). In NRW 91.4% recommend fluoride gel. In B and H more than 80% chose electric toothbrush (ETB), in BW, LS and NRW more than 80% manual toothbrush (MTB). For lingual MBA (LMBA) in BW, H, LS and NRW with approximately 50% each fluoride gel, IDB and MTB were chosen. In B fluoride gel, IDB and ETB. For removable apparatus (RA), five federal states recommended MTB (>80%) and ETB (BW, B, H > 80%; NRW > 70%; LS > 60%).ConclusionElectric toothbrushes are recommended for the use with all appliances, only with removable appliances manual toothbrushes are favoured. For vestibular MBA it is strongly advised to use IDB additionally.
Associations of age‐adjusted coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals with autonomic and peripheral nerve function in non‐elderly persons with diabetes
Authors: Sugimoto Kazuhiro , Miyaoka Hirozumi , Sozu Takashi , Sekikawa Naohiro , Wada Ryota , Watanabe Yuko , Tamura Akira , Yamazaki Toshiro , Ohta Setsu , Suzuki Susumu 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionEarly diagnosis of diabetes‐associated cardiac autonomic neuropathy using the coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals (CVRR) may improve outcomes for individuals with diabetes. The present study examined the associations of decreased CVRR at rest and during deep breathing (DB) with other autonomic nerve function parameters.Materials and MethodsThe electronic records of 141 inpatients with diabetes (22–65 years) admitted to our hospital between March 2015 and March 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. After assessment by exclusion criteria, 51 inpatients were included. All inpatients were assessed for peripheral and autonomic nerve function, clinical characteristics, and physical abilities.ResultsInpatients with decreased CVRR at rest (n = 9 (17.6%)) and during DB (n = 12 (23.5%)) had a longer duration of known diabetes, a higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy, lower body mass index (BMI), skeletal mass index (SMI), and knee extension strength, and a higher proportion of impaired standing balance. Decreased CVRR at rest was associated with a greater fall in diastolic BP from supine to standing, higher resting HR, longer QTc, longer time of voiding, and sensory symptoms.ConclusionsDecreased CVRR at rest and during deep breathing was associated with lower BMI, SMI, and knee strength and a higher proportion of impaired standing balance among non‐elderly inpatients with diabetes. Decreased CVRR at rest appeared more strongly associated with a greater orthostatic BP decline, higher resting heart rate, longer QTc, lower urinary tract dysfunction, and sensory symptoms than a decreased CVRR during deep breathing.
Forged at Workforce Entry? CEO Imprinting, Information Uncertainty and Merger Wave Timing
Authors: Fralich Russell , Ahmadsimab Alireza 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe examine the imprinting effect of labour market conditions on a CEO's merger wave timing decisions. Based on a sample of 720 CEOs of US‐based firms in merger waves between 1995 and 2018, we found that CEOs who started their careers during periods of poor labour market conditions tend to delay merger wave entry, while those who began under better conditions act earlier. We also found that the market uncertainty at the beginning of the merger wave decays this effect on CEOs whose workforce entry coincided with poor labour market conditions. This study contributes to the M&A literature by highlighting the long‐term impact of early career experiences on CEO merger wave timing decisions and how those preferences may decay when faced with different conditions later in their careers.
Self‐administered non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation therapy for severe pharmacoresistant restless legs syndrome: outcomes at 6 months
Authors: Hartley Sarah , Bao Guillaume , Russo Ashley , Zagdoun Marine , Chevallier Sylvain , Lofaso Frédéric , Leotard Antoine , Azabou Eric 
Published: October 2023

SummarySevere pharmacoresistant restless legs syndrome (RLS) is difficult to manage and a source of suffering to patients. We studied the effectiveness at 6 months of an innovative treatment: transauricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in the left cymba concha in a case series of 15 patients, 53% male, mean (SD) age 62.7 (12.3) years with severe pharmacoresistant RLS (mean [SD] International Restless Legs Rating Scale [IRLS] score of 31.9 [2.9]) at baseline. Following an 8‐week non‐randomised hospital‐based study with eight 1‐h sessions of taVNS, patients were trained to administer taVNS at home and were followed up for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the IRLS score, secondary outcome measures were quality of life, mood disorders using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) subscales for depression (HADD) and anxiety (HADA). At the 6‐month follow‐up 13/15 patients continued to use weekly taVNS. Symptom severity decreased (mean [SD] IRLS score 22.2 [9.32] at 6 months, p = 0.0005). Four of the 15 patients had an IRLS score of <20 at 6 months and two an IRLS score of 5. Quality of life significantly improved compared to baseline (mean [SD] score at baseline 49.3 [18.1] versus 65.66 [22.58] at 6 months, p = 0.0005) as did anxiety and depression symptoms (mean [SD] HADA score at baseline 8.9 [5.4] versus 7.53 [4.42] at 6 months, p = 0.029; and HADD score at baseline 5.2 [4.5] versus 4.73 [4.44] at 6 months, p = 0.03). Treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse events were reported. Our case series shows a potential role for self‐administered taVNS in patients with severe pharmacoresistant RLS. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm the utility of taVNS.
Assessing the diagnostic yield of achalasia using provocative testing in high‐resolution esophageal manometry: Serial diagnostic study
Authors: Dervin Humayra , Endersby James , Sanagapalli Santosh , Mills Holly , Sweis Rami 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChicago Classification v4.0 recommends that if achalasia is demonstrated with single water swallows (SWS); provocative testing is not required. We determine whether provocative testing in patients with suspected achalasia can change manometric findings and reproduce symptoms.MethodsBetween 2016 and 2022, 127 consecutive manometry studies of patients with achalasia were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent SWS, a solid meal (SM) and/or a rapid drink challenge (RDC). Demographic data, fluoroscopy, gastroscopy, and pre‐and post‐treatment Eckardt scores were collated.Key ResultsOf 127 achalasia patients (50.6 ± 16.6 years and 54.6% male), all completed a SM and 116 (91.3%) completed RDC; overall 83 were naïve (65.4%) to previous therapy. 15.4% patients with normal integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) on SWS demonstrated obstruction with RDC. SM gave a different achalasia phenotype in 44.9% of patients (p ⟨ 0.001). Twelve patients with normal IRP during SWS had persistent/recurrent obstruction during provocative testing; 83.3% had previous achalasia therapy. None of 13 patients with Type III (TIII) achalasia with SWS exhibited a change in manometric findings with provocative testing. Impedance bolus heights were lower in patients with TIII achalasia and those with normal IRP with SWS. During the SM, symptoms were reproduced in 56.7% of patients. Forty‐six of 103 patients (44.7%) underwent therapy based upon the final achalasia subtype which was defined by the provocative test result of the high‐resolution manometry (HRM) study. All treatments were effective, regardless of the achalasia subtype.Conclusions and InferencesManometric findings remain unchanged when TIII achalasia is diagnosed with SWS. In patients with normal IRP, Type I, or Type II achalasia during SWS, provocative testing can alter achalasia phenotype or uncover achalasia where diagnosis is unclear. Further, it can reproduce symptoms. Such findings can personalize and guide effective therapeutic decisions.
High density mapping of complex atrial tachycardia in patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Fu Lu , Xue Yumei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo provide an overview of the current application of high‐density mapping (HDM) in the mechanism of complex atrial tachycardias (ATs). Complex ATs are frequently scar‐related, after history of previous cardiac surgery and large scars. These scar‐related ATs are difficult to manage medically and frequently recur after electrical cardioversion. HDM technologies have enabled rigorous elucidation of AT mechanisms in patients post cardiac surgery. This article showed the application of HDM technology in complex ATs from the mechanisms of complex ATs, the development of HDM technology, and the identification of scars or critical isthmus from HDM. HDM‐guided approach is highly effective for identifying the ATs mechanism and critical isthmus.
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic mechanisms, emerging clinical applications and mortality
Authors: Olleik Farah , Kamareddine Mohammed Hussein , Spears Jenna , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Yan Gan‐Xin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMexiletine, a class Ib antiarrhythmic drug, exhibits its major antiarrhythmic effect via inhibition of the fast and late Na+ currents in myocardial tissues that are dependent on the opening of Na+ channels for their excitation. Through a comprehensive examination of mexiletine's therapeutic benefits and potential risks, we aim to provide valuable insights that reinforce its role as a vital therapeutic option for patients with ventricular arrhythmias, long QT syndrome, and other heart rhythm disorders. This review will highlight the current understandings of the antiarrhythmic effects and rationales for recent off‐label use and address the mortality and proarrhythmic effects of mexiletine utilizing published basic and clinical studies over the past five decades.
Sociopolitical consequences of COVID‐19 in the Americas, Europe, and Asia: A multilevel, multicountry investigation of risk perceptions and support for antidemocratic practices
Authors: Pizarro José J. , Cakal Huseyin , Méndez Lander , Zumeta Larraitz N. , Gracia‐Leiva Marcela , Basabe Nekane , Navarro‐Carrillo Ginés , Cazan Ana‐Maria , Keshavarzi Saeed , López‐López Wilson , Yahiiaiev Illia , Alzugaray‐Ponce Carolina , Villagrán Loreto , Moyano‐Díaz Emilio , Petrović Nebojša , Mathias Anderson , Techio Elza M. , Wlodarczyk Anna , Alfaro‐Beracoechea Laura , Ibarra Manuel L. , Michael Andreas , Mhaskar Sumeet , Martínez‐Zelaya Gonzalo , Bilbao Marian , Delfino Gisela , Carvalho Catarina L. , Pinto Isabel R. , Mohsin Falak Zehra , Espinosa Agustín , Cueto Rosa María , Cavalli Stefano , da Costa Silvia , Amutio Alberto , Alonso‐Arbiol Itziar , Páez Darío 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough different social crises may eventually favor undemocratic and authoritarian forms of governance, at some point, such antidemocratic practices require the support of a significant part of the population to be implemented. The present research investigates how and whether the COVID‐19 pandemic might have favoured greater support for antidemocratic governmental practices, on the premise of regaining control and security. Using data from 17 countries (N = 4364) and national‐level indicators (i.e., real number of contagions and deaths, and sociopolitical indicators), we test how the risk of contagion and death from COVID‐19, along with personal orientations (i.e., social dominance orientation [SDO], right‐wing authoritarianism [RWA], and perceived anomie) motivate authoritarian and antidemocratic practices. Results from multilevel models indicate that risk perception and perceptions of political instability predict a wish for stronger leadership, agreement with martial law, and support for a controlling government especially when SDO and RWA are high, while more egalitarian and less conservative people agree less with these authoritarian measures in spite of the levels of risk perception. We discuss the implications for these findings for future research on similar but also dissimilar external events (natural disasters, war, or terror incidents) and the consequences for societies with higher authoritarian tendencies.
Molecular study of the rare genus Neoabbottiella (Rhodophyta) reveals its assignment to the Halymeniaceae is incorrect
Authors: Skriptsova Anna V. , Belous Oksana S. , Shibneva Svetlana Yu. , Semenchenko Alexander A. 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYThe rare red algal genus Neoabbottiella from the Russian Pacific coast was taxonomically re‐examined. Currently, Neoabbottiella is assigned to the Halymeniales; however, some features of the reproductive anatomy cast doubt on the correctness of assigning the genus to Halymeniaceae sensu lato. We investigated the phylogenetic affinities of Neoabbottiella using four DNA markers (nuclear LSU and SSU rDNA, rbcL and COI‐5P). Neoabbottiella failed to group with any families of the Halymeniales, but it was nested in a highly supported clade containing representatives of the genus Schmitzia (Calosiphoniaceae incertae sedis). Reproductive anatomy and post‐fertilization development also separate Neoabbottiella from the Halymeniaceae. The main characteristics distinguishing Neoabbottiella from the Halymeniales include the intercalary position of the auxiliary cell, the contact of the connecting filament with the auxiliary cell via the lateral process, the origin of the initial gonimoblast cell from the connecting filament at a distance from the auxiliary cell and a lack of a pericarp of branched ampullar filaments. These traits bring Neoabbottiella close to its genetic sister genus Schmitzia, making the classification of Neoabbottiella at the family and order levels difficult. The eventual taxonomic classification of Neoabbottiella awaits the input of data of other species of Schmitzia as well as Calosiphonia, the type genus of the Calosiphoniaceae; thus, Neoabbottiella should be provisionally excluded from the Halymeniales and considered as incertae sedis in the Rhodymeniophycidae. Further, the results of the present study showed that Neoabbottiella is monotypic; Neoabbottiella decipiens should be recognized as a synonym of the generitype Neoabbottiella araneosa.
Transitional justice perspective on property reparations in Iraq
Authors: Gümüşbaş Ahmet 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIraq has endured decades of authoritarian rule and conflict, resulting in widespread property violations and displacement. In response, several property restitution and compensation initiatives have been implemented to pursue justice for the victims. However, questions remain about their ability to provide adequate and effective redress. This paper critically examines the flaws and challenges of these mechanisms through the lens of transitional justice. It investigates the extent to which property reparations in Iraq have been structured and implemented within the framework of a transitional justice policy, while analysing the underlying principles of the concept. The findings indicate that property reparations have fallen short due to the lack of a well‐designed programmatic framework supported by viable institutional models and procedures. Additionally, weaknesses lie in the lack of coherence between these initiatives and other institutions and policies, necessitating a holistic framework that guides institutional arrangements, financing, and prioritization strategies. Consequently, this paper argues that a more effective, holistic, and contextually grounded approach informed by transitional justice has the potential to address these issues and strengthen the reparations efforts.
The genome of the toxic invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi carries an increased number of genes despite absence of recent whole‐genome duplications
Authors: Schelkunov Mikhail I. , Shtratnikova Viktoria Yu. , Klepikova Anna V. , Makarenko Maksim S. , Omelchenko Denis O. , Novikova Lyudmila A. , Obukhova Ekaterina N. , Bogdanov Viktor P. , Penin Aleksey A. , Logacheva Maria D. 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYHeracleum sosnowskyi, belonging to a group of giant hogweeds, is a plant with large effects on ecosystems and human health. It is an invasive species that contributes to the deterioration of grassland ecosystems. The ability of H. sosnowskyi to produce linear furanocoumarins (FCs), photosensitizing compounds, makes it very dangerous. At the same time, linear FCs are compounds with high pharmaceutical value used in skin disease therapies. Despite this high importance, it has not been the focus of genetic and genomic studies. Here, we report a chromosome‐scale assembly of Sosnowsky's hogweed genome. Genomic analysis revealed an unusually high number of genes (55106) in the hogweed genome, in contrast to the 25–35 thousand found in most plants. However, we did not find any traces of recent whole‐genome duplications not shared with its confamiliar, Daucus carota (carrot), which has approximately thirty thousand genes. The analysis of the genomic proximity of duplicated genes indicates on tandem duplications as a main reason for this increase. We performed a genome‐wide search of the genes of the FC biosynthesis pathway and surveyed their expression in aboveground plant parts. Using a combination of expression data and phylogenetic analysis, we found candidate genes for psoralen synthase and experimentally showed the activity of one of them using a heterologous yeast expression system. These findings expand our knowledge on the evolution of gene space in plants and lay a foundation for further analysis of hogweed as an invasive plant and as a source of FCs.
Rage as a political emotion
Authors: Dikeç Mustafa 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGeorge Floyd's murder by a white policeman has sparked the largest urban uprising in US cities since the 1960s. By contextualising this wave of uprisings in the broader context of similar uprisings in twenty‐first‐century US cities, this paper shows that such an uprising has long been in the making with the violence, murders and revolts that have marked US cities since the turn of the century. My argument in this paper is against the pathological framing of these uprisings that evokes the alleged irrational anger of those who participate in the uprisings and the bad behaviour of a few police officers. Such a framing directs attention away from the structural violence that is at the source of these uprisings, and perpetuates racialised images of those who participate in the uprisings as irrational and impulsive. These uprisings, I argue, are not the actions of irrationally angry individuals mindlessly following the crowds; they cannot be reduced to gratuitous looting and burning, and they are not triggered by some police officers behaving badly. The sources of this urban rage lie in systematic, mostly unchecked, violence. The rage that erupts in these uprisings is a political emotion guided by cognition and judgements about right and wrong, just and unjust, rather than a pathological reaction spurred by uncontrollable impulses. It is a deliberate response to white contempt and the violence associated with it.