bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EEG-based image classification using an efficient geometric deep network based on functional connectivity
Authors: Hasan, et. al. Haitham S. 
Published: January 2025

To ensure that the FC-GDN is properly calibrated for the EEG-ImageNet dataset, we subject it to extensive training and gather all of the relevant weights for its parameters. Making use of the FC-GDN pseudo-code. The dataset is split into a "train" and "test" section in Kfold cross-validation. Ten-fold recommends using ten folds, with one fold being selected as the test split at each iteration. This divides the dataset into 90% training data and 10% test data. In order to train all 10 folds without overfitting, it is necessary to apply this procedure repeatedly throughout the whole dataset. Each training fold is arrived at after several iterations. After training all ten folds, results are analyzed. For each iteration, the FC-GDN weights are optimized by the SGD and ADAM optimizers. The ideal network design parameters are based on the convergence of the trains and the precision of the tests. This study offers a novel geometric deep learning-based network architecture for classifying visual stimulation categories using electroencephalogram (EEG) data from human participants while they watched various sorts of images. The primary goals of this study are to (1) eliminate feature extraction from GDL-based approaches and (2) extract brain states via functional connectivity. Tests with the EEG-ImageNet database validate the suggested method's efficacy. FC-GDN is more efficient than other cutting-edge approaches for boosting classification accuracy, requiring fewer iterations. In computational neuroscience, neural decoding addresses the problem of mind-reading. Because of its simplicity of use and temporal precision, Electroencephalographys (EEG) are commonly employed to monitor brain activity. Deep neural networks provide a variety of ways to detecting brain activity. Using a Function Connectivity (FC) - Geometric Deep Network (GDN) and EEG channel functional connectivity, this work directly recovers hidden states from high-resolution temporal data. The time samples taken from each channel are utilized to represent graph signals on a topological connection network based on EEG channel functional connectivity. A novel graph neural network architecture evaluates users' visual perception state utilizing extracted EEG patterns associated to various picture categories using graphically rendered EEG recordings as training data. The efficient graph representation of EEG signals serves as the foundation for this design. Proposal for an FC-GDN EEG-ImageNet test. Each category has a maximum of 50 samples. Nine separate EEG recorders were used to obtain these images. The FC-GDN approach yields 99.4% accuracy, which is 0.1% higher than the most sophisticated method presently available
Three-dimensional final element analysis of composite steel - concrete aches
Authors: Al-Brees, at. al. Roaa H. 
Published: January 2025

Latest structure construction crafts frequent use of composite steel-concrete arches for building and bridge applications. The leading goal of this research is to describe a three-dimensional finite element model capa-ble of describing the response of a composite steel-concrete arch. The commercial software Abaqus was implemented to develop the proposed approach, where a certain experimental test results in the literature on a scaled steel-concrete composite arch have been compared to validate the accuracy and adequacy of the proposed finite element model. Furthermore, the current research developed a finite element model to study the fundamental behavior of a composite steel box-concrete arch with a specific parameter. These parame-ters including the degree of curvature, the number of the shear connector, and the support conditions have been considered the main study parameters. The proposed model has presented an excellent prediction of the initial stiffness, the ultimate strength, and the ductility of the composite arch. The Representative behavior was affected significantly by the designated variable for the steel box section with composite deck. There-fore, these findings may be crafted with the aim of structural design rules.
Optimization of the urban green area in Erbil territory for sustainable development
Authors: Wahab, et. al. Azad Arshad Abdul 
Published: January 2025

This research paper studies the status and condition of the green areas in the city of Erbil, for this purpose all green areas in the city (763 plots) and all population number according to 12 sectors are collected ac-cording to their locations and are analyzed spatially by GIS program (Moran I). Researchers have proved that distribution of green areas is random. Moreover, this distribution is not based on the urban planning basics and its criteria: green area per person (GAPP) and green area to the city ratio (GAR) also not based on the basics of urban planning for two criteria , GAPP is optimized from 9.3 to 14 and GAR optimized from 0.06 to 0.09 while the equilateral tringle adopted as optimum distribution for green area units GAU, for 12 sectors adopted combined standards together and the solution was the population density ratio must be 0.01 or less, to obtain criteria and this must preserved and adhered to the planning and laws and regula-tions strictly. This method can be applied to the study of the spatial distribution in order to compare it with the distribution of schools, health centers and other services or infrastructures.
A low-cost podoscope for extracting morphological features of the foot
Authors: Musaid, et. al. Ruba 
Published: January 2025

Foot morphology evaluation techniques are commonly used to evaluate foot abnormalities. The foot is es-sential for keeping the biomechanical performance of the lower extremities. It is responsible for the support of body balance and stability during gait. For the qualitative examination of foot morphology, many podo-scopes have been designed. However, these podoscopes are mainly expensive, complex to operate, and have low accessibility. As a consequence the goal of this research was to create a simple, low-cost podoscope to assess the plantar footprint. In addition to providing a visual representation of the supporting regions. The proposed system enables accurate estimation of clinical indexes of foot deformities. With bare feet, bipedal support, and orthostatic posture, the participant was placed on the podoscope. Doom camera was used to capture the image of the plantar of the foot, and the data was sent to a computer via LAN connection. Based on image processing techniques, the proposed podoscope can automatically estimate the Arch Index, the Chippaux-Smirak Index, the Staheli Index, and Wejsflog's index.Ten samples were tested by the proposed podoscope, and the calculated parameters defining foot deformities are presented. The proposed podoscope appears to have the advantages of simplicity, being portable, inexpensive enabling rapid and precise foot-print assessment with correct diagnoses, as well as a record for future assessments, and being economically viable in countries with people having low socio-economic status.
Fabrication of Mastic Gum Resin Tethered Phospholipid Nanocarriers for the Evaluation and Enhancement of Anti-inflammatory and Anti-bacterial Effects
Authors: Selvaraj Karthikeyan , Lee Sang-Jin , Song Keun-Bae , Yoo Bong-Kyu , Karuppaiah Arjunan 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
The objective of the present study was to improve the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial
activities of mastic gum resin (MGR). MGR was loaded into a phospholipid nanocarrier with or without
partially hydrolyzed ginsenoside, followed by dispersion into distilled water.

Method:
The phospholipid nanocarrier dispersion showed significantly enhanced in-vitro release, porcine skin/
intestine permeation, and retention. When the ratio of the MGR versus partially hydrogenated ginsenoside
reached 1:1 w/w in the nanocarrier composition, the in-vitro release increased 54.8-fold compared to the MGR
powder suspended in the release media.

Results:
Permeation of the nanocarrier dispersion through the porcine skin and intestine increased 160-fold
and 42-fold, respectively, compared to permeation of the MGR powder suspension. Furthermore, the nanocarrier
dispersion reduced NO production and iNOS mRNA expression in the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.
MIC and MBC of the nanocarrier dispersion against P. gingivalis were 4.11 ± 1.17 and 8.22 ± 2.35 μg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of MGR were remarkably enhanced
when the MGR was loaded into the nanocarrier with partially hydrolyzed ginsenoside.

conclusion:
Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of MGR were remarkably enhanced when the MGR was loaded into the nanocarrier with partially hydrolyzed ginsenoside.
Trafficking of Muscarinic 1 Acetylcholine Receptor Regulated by VPS35 in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Xi , Yu Zhenzhen 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Muscarinic 1 acetylcholine receptor (M1AChR) is a member of the Gprotein-
coupled receptor superfamily, with the dysfunction being linked to the onset of
Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Aims:
Retromer complex with Vacuolar Protein Sorting-35 (VPS35) as the core plays an important
role in the transport of biological proteins and has been confirmed to be closely related to the
pathogenesis of AD. This study was designed to determine whether VPS35 could affect the trafficking
mechanism of M1AChRs.

Method:
The interaction between VPS35 and M1AChR was studied by co-immunoprecipitation
method, and the recycling of M1AChR influence by VPS35 was analyzed using biotinylation technology.

Results:
It was found that VPS35 affected the localization of M1AChR on the cell membrane by
regulating intracellular M1AChR transport, thus controlling the M1AChR-mediated cholinergic
signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
The findings presented here provide a potential pathogenesis and pathway for the
treatment of AD.

other:
none
The Relationship between Soluble Endoglin Levels, Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Levels, and Thrombocyte Count and the Onset of Preeclampsia
Authors: Aladin Aladin , Yusrawati Yusrawati , Karmia Hudila Rifa , Azwan Reyhan Julio , Sausan Ramya 
Published: January 2025

Background
Early-onset preeclampsia, or EOP, depicts clear placental abnormalities (placental factor), whereas late-onset preeclampsia, or LOP, does not. However, previous studies found varying results on the role of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, including soluble endoglin (sEng), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and thrombocytes in both types of preeclampsia.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the relationship between sEng levels, eNOS levels, and thrombocyte count with the onset of preeclampsia.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted on subjects diagnosed with severe preeclampsia receiving treatment at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang from December, 2023, until March, 2024. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, maternal plasma concentrations of sEng and eNOS were determined by ELISA, while thrombocytes were measured by a complete blood count.

Results
A total of 40 women with EOP and 40 with LOP participated in this study. This study found no difference between the two groups in eNOS (p = 0.303) and sEng (p = 0.468). However, thrombocyte count differed between early and late-onset PE (p = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis found a significant correlation between eNOS and sEng (p = 0.033), eNOS and thrombocyte count (p = 0.026), and thrombocyte count and sEng (p = 0.032).

Conclusion
This study found no difference in proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors between EOP and LOP, which suggests that a subset of patients with LOP also has an imbalance in the concentrations of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in maternal plasma. However, lower thrombocyte counts in EOP reflect a more severe disease course. This study also found a correlation between eNOS and sEng, eNOS and thrombocyte count, and thrombocyte count and sEng in preeclampsia.
Synthesis of Novel Cyclic Imide-containing Thiazole and Benzothiazoles for Antimicrobial Evaluation and Computational Docking Studies
Authors: Pawar Smita , Kale Amol , Jadhav Srushti , Shendge Shital , Shinde Nilesh , Lande Rushikesh , Kapase Pratik 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Many compounds with thiazole, benzothiazole, and cyclic imide have been found to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, such as Cefotaxime, Moiramide, Ri-tonavir, etc.

Aims:
As per the aim of this study, the cyclic imides with thiazole and benzothiazole moiety were designed and synthesized.

Objectives:
Literature findings suggest the potential antimicrobial properties of thiazole and benzothiazole, which inspired us to design and synthesize imides with succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride.

Methods:
Three series of synthetic compounds were synthesized i.e. substituted 1-(4-(p-tolyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (SI 1-6), 2-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (PI 1-6), and 1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione (MI 1–5) and characterized with IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy. All synthesized derivatives were evaluated to check the an-timicrobial properties against Gram +ve, Gram -ve bacteria, and fungi species by determining the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration. Docking was carried out to check binding affinities with targets ‘DNA Gyrase and Penicillin Binding Protein 3’.

Results:
Zone of inhibition showed that all the synthesized compounds are active against bac-teria and fungi. Compound SI-4 showed a maximum zone of inhibition. Most of the com-pounds showed MIC at 6.25 and 12.5 μg/ml. A docking study revealed that compounds PI-4 and PI-2 showed good dock scores towards DNA Gyrase and Penicillin Binding Protein 3, respectively.

Conclusion:
All synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial properties. The anti-microbial evaluation showed that compounds SI-4, PI-,2, and MI-1 possess good antimi-crobial activity. Electron withdrawing substitutions may enhance the antimicrobial property.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Promising Therapeutic Target for Liver Diseases
Authors: Sharma Akansha , Sharma Uma , Gupta Sangeetha 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
Despite enormous advances in the current treatment strategies, liver diseases are associ-ated with high mortality. It is critical to discover novel drug targets for developing effective thera-pies. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various liver diseases. The use of histone deacetylases and their inhibitors to treat a variety of liver illnesses has been thoroughly reviewed using suitable keywords and key phrases as search terms within scientific databases like Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and other web sources, and data was collected and sorted from the literature spanning from 1990 to 2023, providing an overview of the role of HDACs in liver diseases together with the evidence of the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors in various liver diseases. HDACs are enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by deacetylating histone proteins, which can alter chro-matin structure and thereby regulate gene expression. Dysregulation of HDAC activity is associated with liver diseases, including Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, etc. as implicated in many studies both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the prevalence of liver diseases and how their impact is significant. We highlight the crucial role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in liver diseases. In addition, by targeting various mechanisms, HDAC inhibitors have shown promise as novel hepatoprotective agents. These inhibitors can have therapeutic effects in different liver dis-eases. They can induce cell cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, improve insulin resistance, address he-patic steatosis, and enhance differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The multifac-eted approach of HDAC inhibitors offers potential for innovative treatments in liver diseases.
Utility of Serum-Based Markers to Predict Severity, Histological Activity,
and Rehospitalisation in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Gonde Apul , Samarth Amol , Mishra Sanat , kumar Vinay , Gajare Aditya , Shirahatti Karthik 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) comprises ulcerative colitis
(UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Serum-based non-invasive biomarkers are suggested for
endoscopic and histological healing in clinical practice.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of serum-based markers to predict
severity, histological activity, and rehospitalization in ulcerative colitis.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study that was performed in a tertiary
care center from October 2022 to March 2023. Diagnosis of ulcerative colitis on the basis
of clinical history, imaging findings, flexible sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy findings, and histopathology reports and agreed to participate were included. All the data, including blood
parameters, were analysed.

Results:
C Reactive Protein (CRP)/albumin (AUC 0.821; 95% CI: 0.732 to 0.891, cut off
point of >2.57), (AUC 0.875; 95% CI: 0.794 to 0.933, cut off point of >4.13) was the best
predictor for correctly predicting endoscopic severity (UCEIS) and active histological inflammation and also a good predictor of re-hospitalization in the last 6 months (AUC 0.814;
95% CI: 0.724 to 0.885, cut off point of >6.34) as compared to red cell distribution width
(RDW)/albumin (AUC 0.598; 95% CI: 0.495 to 0.695), (AUC 0.537; 95% CI: 0.434 to
0.637), which was non-significant. RDW/Albumin (AUC 0.793; 95% CI: 0.701 to 0.868)
also predicts 6-month rehospitalization significantly but less as compared to CRP/Albumin.

Conclusion:
In ulcerative colitis, the CRP/ALB ratio was a strong predictor of endoscopic
severity, histologic disease activity, and rehospitalization in 6 months. It can be used to predict treatment response and as an indirect biomarker for mucosal healing.
Diagnostic Biochemical Changes Identified in a Cohort of Patients with Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) Disease
Authors: Alsamarai Mohamed Almoustafa , Avsar Aysenur Kayabas , Alobaidi Amina Hamed , Alsamarai Abdulghani Mohamed 
Published: January 2025

Backgroun:
SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with inflammatory, metabolic, haematological,
and immunological changes, which contributed to the increase in morbidity and mortality.

Objective:
To illustrate changes in some biomarkers (ESR, ferritin, CRP, D. dimer, ALT, AST, creatinine,
and urea) during COVID-19 and their predictive value in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2
infection, especially in rural and urban areas in which sophisticated tests were not available.

Materials and Methods:
The study includes 154 COVID-19 patients with positive RT-PCR. Sixty
age and sex-matched individuals were included as controls. The study was conducted during the
period from 23rd July 2021 to the end of December 2021. The subjects with a history of liver diseases,
pregnant women, an age of less than 18, and chronic renal failure were excluded. The informed
consent was taken from each individual before their enrolment in the study. The study was performed
in compliance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Venous blood
samples were collected from both groups and tested for determination of creatinine, urea, and alanine
aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D dimer,
ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) using a Mindray BS 240 chemical auto-analyzer.

Results:
The mean serum values were significantly higher (P= 0.01 – 0.001) in COVID-19 patients
as compared to matched controls for creatinine, blood urea, ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D- dimer, ferritin,
and CRP. In addition, the mean serum levels of ALT, AST, ESR, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, and
CRP were higher than the values of normal ranges. Although, creatinine and urea mean serum values
were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, their mean values were within the normal range
values. ESR was highly significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with ALT, AST, LDH, urea, ferritin, and
CRP. While LDH was highly significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, ferritin, and CRP.
Also, D. dimer was significantly highly correlated with ferritin, and CRP. Serum ferritin was highly
significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and CRP. While CRP was highly
significantly correlated with creatinine, urea, ESR, LDH, D. dimer, and ferritin.

Conclusion:
ESR, CRP, Ferritin, D. dimer, LDH, AST, ALT, urea, and Creatinine levels in venous
blood were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared with controls. Sex- influenced
serum levels of C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea in this study cohort. Serum levels of tested
biomarkers may be useful in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in primary healthcare centres, especially in
rural areas in developing countries.
Bolívar y el federalismo
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin 
Published: January 2025

Este artículo examina los argumentos de Simón Bolívar contra el federalismo a través de una perspectiva que se sumerge en los discursos que moldearon su praxis política. Para Bolívar, el federalismo no debía evaluarse por su adecuación a principios abstractos, sino en el marco de la ciencia de la legislación, campo de saber desarrollado desde fines del siglo xviii que avalúa las instituciones en función de su eficacia práctica y su correspondencia con las características físicas y morales de cada pueblo. Al considerar que los pueblos de América hispana, marcados por la opresión colonial, carecían de las virtudes políticas necesarias para el federalismo, Bolívar lo rechazó por considerarlo una forma de gobierno destinada a desorden y disensión internos, que imposibilitaba enfrentar las amenazas externas que desafiaban las naciones recientemente liberadas.