bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning and communication in sender‐receiver games: an econometric investigation
Authors: Blume Andreas , DeJong Douglas V. , Neumann George R. , Savin N. E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper compares stimulus response (SR) and belief‐based learning (BBL) using data from experiments with sender–receiver games. The environment, extensive form games played in a population setting, is novel in the empirical literature on learning in games. Both the SR and BBL models fit the data reasonably well in games where the preferences of senders and receivers are perfectly aligned and where the population history of the senders is known. The test results accept SR and reject BBL in games without population history and in all but one of the games where senders and receivers have different preferences over equilibria. Estimation is challenging since the likelihood function is not globally concave and the data become uninformative about learning once equilibrium is achieved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel graft PLLA‐based copolymers: Potential of their application to particle technology
Authors: Calandrelli L. , De Rosa G. , Errico M. E. , La Rotonda M. I. , Laurienzo P. , Malinconico M. , Oliva A. , Quaglia F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of novel biodegradable graft copolymers based on a backbone of poly (L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) on which short blocks of polyacrylamide (PAcr) were grafted. Preliminary results of their potential in the field of controlled‐release technologies also have been reported. The copolymers have been synthesized through the radical polymerization of acrylamide initiated by a peroxide in the presence of PLLA. Two different methodologies of synthesis, namely, in solution and in emulsion, have been tested. The structure of the copolymers was studied by 1H‐NMR and infrared spectroscopy and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cytotoxicity tests were conducted to assess their biocompatibility. The copolymers were used to prepare particles by the emulsion–solvent evaporation technique. The shapes and dimensions of the particles were dependent on the polymer type and concentration used. The surfaces of the particles were modified by the presence of polyacrylamide residues, as demonstrated by ζ‐potential measurements. The release behavior of the particles was assessed by encapsulating rhodamine B as the model compound. The release was faster for the particles prepared by the grafted polymer as a consequence of its increased hydrophilicity. Based on these novel biomaterials, preliminary results suggest a potential of the particles for peroral or parenteral drug delivery. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 244–253, 2002
Is N2O3 the main nitrosating intermediate in aerated nitric oxide (NO) solutions in vivo? If so, where, when, and which one?
Authors: Nedospasov Andrei A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe widespread opinion that N2O3 as a product of NO oxidation is the only nitros(yl)ating agent under aerobic conditions is based on experiments in homogeneous buffered water solutions. In vivo NO is oxidized in heterogeneous media and this opinion is not correct. The equilibrium in the system being dependent on temperature and ΔG(sol) for NO, NO2, isomers of both N2O3, and N2O4. For polar solvents including water, ΔG(sol) for N2O3 is high enough, and a stationary concentration of N2O3 in the mixture with other oxides is sufficient to guarantee the hydrolysis of N2O3 to nitrite. In heterogeneous media, the mixture contains solvates NO2(sol), N2O3(sol), and N2O4(sol) at stationary nonequilibrium concentrations. As far as ΔG(sol) is decreased in heterogeneous mixtures with low polar solvents and/or at increased temperatures, the equilibrium in such a system shifts to NO2. Although NO2 is a reactive free radical, it almost does not react with water. In contrast, the reaction with most functional protein groups efficiently proceeds by a radical type with the formation of nitrite and new radicals (X) further stabilized in various forms. Therefore, the ratio of the nitrosylated and nitrated products yields depends on actual concentrations of all NOx. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:109–120, 2002. DOI 10.1002/jbt.10029
Mean arterial pressure (MAP): An alternative and preferable measurement to systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients for hypotension detection during hemapheresis
Authors: Henry John Bernard , Miller Matthew C. , Kelly Karen C. , Champney Dorothy 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCurrent protocols utilize systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 80 mmHg as objective evidence of hypotension during hemapheresis. However, tissue hypoperfusion is the pathophysiologic endpoint of low blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP), rather than SBP, is the physiologic driving force behind blood flow to organs and tissues. It is thus hypothesized that MAP is more appropriate than SBP in the assessment of hypotension and that a threshold MAP can be utilized as a sensitive indicator of hypotension during hemapheresis. Thirty‐one patients who experienced hypotension during hemapheresis over a 4.5 year period reflecting forty‐four hypotensive episodes were selected. The initial phase of each hemapheresis procedure provided baseline MAP and blood pressure (BP) measurements as control values. BP and MAP were then determined at the onset of subjective hypotension and compared to one another by using regression and sensitivity analyses. Correlation coefficients between SBP and MAP were found to be 0.8097 in baseline normotensive patients and 0.7725 in hypotensive patients. Sensitivity in the detection of hypotension was 0.09% for SBP equal to 80 mmHg and 56.81% for MAP equal to 70 mmHg. An SBP of 80 mmHg or less was therefore concluded to be a less sensitive and physiologically less appropriate measurement of hypotension than MAP. As a single value less than 70 mmHg or a series of successive measurements trending downward toward 70 mmHg, MAP provides an objective assessment of hypotension that may precede hemodynamic decompensation. J. Clin. Apheresis 17:55–64, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Should You Outsource via the Web?
Authors: Harrast Steven A. , Bean LuAnn 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA revolution is occurring in the way companies buy information technology. Today, the latest trend is to rent

software that is delivered over the Internet. Software rental firms are popping up like fast food restaurants.

And the prices and convenience are irresistible. But will you find it a piece of cake? Or will you instead

wind up in the lobster pot—where it's easy to enter, difficult to live, and painful to escape

from? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential expression of a WD protein during squamous differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Y.S. , Hwang S.M. , Lee S.J. , Jung J.S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe lining of the trachea consists of a pseudostratified, mucociliary epithelium that under a variety of conditions, such as vitamin A deficiency, toxic and mechanical injury, becomes a stratified squamous epithelium. Several in vitro cell culture models have been established to study the process of differentiation of airway epithelium. Such studies have indicated that mucosecretory differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells can be modulated by substratum. This study was undertaken to understand molecular mechanisms of squamous differentiation in tracheal epithelia. Primary cultured tracheal cells grown on uncoated filters were differentiated to single layer of squamous cells, whereas cells were grown as stratified columanar cells on collagen‐I coated filters. The responses to secretagogues were altered according to culture conditions. DD‐PCR revealed that FAK and a WD protein expression was increased in squamous tracheal epithelia. Expression of a WD protein was changed by the treatment of retinoic acid in various epithelial cells. These results indicated that squamous differentiation of tracheal cells changes the expression of a variety of genes, and that the experimental model for this study can be employed to study molecular mechanisms of squamous differentiation in airway epithelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 194–201, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High levels of exogenous C2‐ceramide promote morphological and biochemical evidences of necrotic features in thyroid follicular cells
Authors: Todaro M. , Catalano M. , Di Liberto D. , Patti M. , Zerilli M. , Di Gaudio F. , Di Gesù G. , Vetri G. , Modica G. , Bono A. , Ciaccio M. , Stassi Giorgio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractCD95 and ceramide are known to be involved in the apoptotic mechanism. The triggering of CD95 induces a cascade of metabolic events that progressively and dramatically modifies the cell shape by intense membrane blebbing, leading to apoptotic bodies production. Although the CD95 pathway has been abundantly described in normal thyrocytes, the effects of cell permeable synthetic ceramide at morphological and biochemical levels are not fully known. In the present study, we show that thyroid follicular cells (TFC) exposed to 20 μM of C2‐ceramide for 4 h are characterized by morphological features of necrosis, such as electron‐lucent cytoplasm, mitochondrial swelling, and loss of plasma membrane integrity without drastic morphological changes in the nuclei. By contrast, TFC treated with 2 μM of C2‐ceramide for 4 h are able to accumulate GD3, activate caspases cascade, and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, we provide evidence that 20 μM of C2‐ceramide determine the destruction of mitochondria and are not able to induce PARP cleavage and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, suggesting that the apoptotic program is not activated during the death process and nuclear DNA is randomly cleaved as the consequence of cellular degeneration. Pretreatment with 30 μM of zVAD‐fmk rescued TFC from 2 μM of C2‐ceramide‐induced apoptosis, whereas, 20 μM of C2‐ceramide exposure induced necrotic features. Δψm was obviously altered in cells treated with 20 μM of C2‐ceramide for 4 h (75% ± 3.5%) compared with the low percentage (12.5% ± 0.4%) of cells with altered Δψm exposed to 2 μM of C2‐ceramide. Whereas, only 20% ± 1.1% of cells treated with anti‐CD95 for 1 h showed altered Δψm. Additionally, Bax and Bak, two pro‐apoptotic members, seem to be not oligomerized in the mitochondrial membrane following ceramide exposure. These results imply that high levels of exogenous ceramide contribute to the necrotic process in TFC, and may provide key molecular basis to the understanding of thyroid signaling pathways that might promote the apoptotic mechanism in thyroid tumoral cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 162–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel protein/DNA interactions within the promoter of the bone‐related transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1
Authors: Drissi Hicham , Pouliot Arlyssa , Stein Janet L. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe runt homology transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1 is essential for bone development and osteoblast differentiation. Regulatory mechanisms that govern Runx2 transcription in osteoblasts define the osteogenic pathways that control skeletal development. In this study, we systematically examined transcription factor binding within the upstream Runx2 P1 promoter, which regulates expression of the bone‐related Runx2 factor. We identified two novel protein/DNA interactions that are mediated by sequence specific factors, based on cross‐competition experiments, point mutations, and gel‐shift immunoassays. One complex recognizes a non‐canonical Runx2 site, whereas the other factor binds to a palindromic sequence. Site‐directed mutagenesis of the novel Runx2 motif (5′TCCCAC3′) within the 0.6 kb rat Runx2 promoter reduces transcription by 2‐fold, indicating that this site supports enhancement of Runx2 promoter activity. Mutation of the palindromic motif (5′AGTACT3′) results in a 2–3‐fold activation of the Runx2 promoter, demonstrating that the wild type sequence contributes to transcriptional repression. These studies, together with our previous findings of auto‐suppression of the Runx2 promoter and negative regulation by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3, suggest that physiological control of Runx2 gene expression is mediated by a series of intricate regulatory mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 86: 403–412, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapidly converging lattice sums for nonelectrostatic interactions
Authors: Ko Gwon Hee , Fink William H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe relative energies of one‐, two‐, and three‐dimensional Bravais lattice Lennard–Jones particles can be calculated by lattice sums. The expression of lattice sums over a Lennard–Jones potential can be manipulated into a form that converges rapidly. A formalism capable of calculating the lattice potential at arbitrary points for a completely general lattice has been developed. This method provides an alternative way to calculate the relative energies from the surface and the interior bulk sites of many chemical systems. The method is illustrated with application to hcp and fcc Lennard–Jonesium, both for the relative binding energy and for calculating the potential along the geometric diffusion pathway between tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites. Diffusion from the tetrahedral site to the octahedral site experiences a barrier of 752.600 in units of 4ε. The reverse pathway experiences a barrier of 1035.614 in units of 4ε. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 477–483, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jcc.10031
Electronic state of small and large cavities for methane hydrate
Authors: Ida T. , Mizuno M. , Endo K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is well known that methane hydrate is aggregates of small and large hydrogen bonded water cavities (composed of 12 pentagonal faces of 20 water molecules, and 12 pentagonal and two hexagonal faces of 24 water molecules, respectively) where one methane molecule is encaged. We calculated the methane molecule in vacuum, the small and large cavities by ab initio MO method to clarify the electronic state. The proton of methane in the cavities is shown to form the weak hydrogen bond (O…H—C) between methane and four water molecules, and the H‐bond lengths and energies in the small and large cavities were estimated as (0.293 nm, 6.8 kJ/mol) and (0.309 nm, 5.2 kJ/mol), respectively. The calculated values of symmetric C—H stretching frequencies and 13C‐NMR chemical shieldings of the methane in the two cluster cavities show good agreement with the experimental ones observed by Sum et al. and Ripmeester and coworker, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1071–1075, 2002
Ab initio study of the mechanism of singlet‐dioxygen addition to hydroxyaromatic compounds: Negative evidence for the involvement of peroxa and endoperoxide intermediates
Authors: Bobrowski Maciej , Liwo Adam , Ołdziej Stanisław , Jeziorek Danuta , Ossowski Tadeusz 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this article we report our study of two possible mechanisms of photooxidation of hydroxyaromatic compounds, involving the intermediacy of zwitterionic peroxa intermediates or 1,4‐endoperoxides. To study the pathway of the first of them, as yet unexplored by theoretical methods, a simpler system composed of 1,3‐butadiene‐1‐ol and singlet (1Δg) dioxygen was considered first, for which calculations were carried out at the CASSCF/MCQDPT2 ab initio level, mostly with the 6‐31G* basis set. The cumulative activation barrier to this reaction was found to be 20 kcal/mol and corresponded to a proton transfer (from the hydroxy oxygen atom to the attached oxygen molecule) in the cyclic zwitterionic peroxacyclopenta‐3‐ene‐2‐ol intermediate. This intermediate and the proton‐transfer transition state were found to have a closed‐shell character, which enabled us to estimate the corresponding activation barrier for the phenol‐dioxygen system by carrying out optimization at the RHF level and single‐point calculations at the MP2, CASSCF, and MCQDPT2 levels of theory. The energy barrier to the reaction was estimated to at least about 40 kcal/mol, rendering this mechanism for the phenol‐oxygen system unlikely for nonpolar solvents. Similarly, calculations of the barrier to proton transfer from the 1,4‐endoperoxide of phenol to its hydroperoxide were found to exceed 60 kcal/mol, eliminating such a mechanism too, which leaves only the earlier postulated mechanisms involving an initial charge or hydrogen‐atom transfer to dioxygen as probable. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1076–1089, 2002
Dominated error correcting codes with distance two
Authors: Sagols Feliú , Riccio Laura P. , Colbourn Charles J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe study the hamiltonicity of certain graphs obtained from the hypercube as a means of producing a binary code of distance two and length n, whose codewords are ordered so that for each two consecutive codewords, one dominates the other. One vector dominates the other, if and only if, in all the positions where one of them has a zero, the other has a zero too. These dominated codes have applications in group testing for consecutive defectives. We also determine when the vectors can be ordered so that every two consecutive vectors have the domination property, and are at distance two; this is a natural generalization of Gray codes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 10: 294–302, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jcd.10012
The comparison of the Behavioral Observation System and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—Expanded
Authors: Mogge Neil L. , LePage James P. , Del Ben Kevin , Murphy James 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe construct validity of the Behavioral Observation System (BOS), an observational instrument used by line staff to rate psychopathological behaviors, was studied using comparisons with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—Expanded version (BPRS‐E). A sample of 100 inpatient participants was rated using the BPRS‐E on the same day they were rated by line staff using the BOS. Pearson product–moment correlations were performed, supporting good convergence and divergence. Principle component analysis on the six BPRS‐E scales and the four BOS scales resulted in a three‐factor finding. This analysis was supportive of construct validity. Uses of the BOS in light of these findings were discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 847‐852, 2002.
Antagonistic effect of NK4 on HGF/SF induced changes in the transendothelial resistance (TER) and paracellular permeability of human vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Martin Tracey A. , Mansel Robert E. , Jiang Wen G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a multi‐function cytokine that has been shown to regulate the expression of cell adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells. It is also a key cytokine in the development and progression of cancer, particularly during metastasis. NK4 is a variant of HGF/SF that has already been shown to be antagonistic to HGF/SF. This study shows that HGF/SF decreased transendothelial resistance (TER) and increased paracellular permeability in human vascular endothelial cells can that such effects can be inhibited by addition of the NK4 variant. In addition, HGF/SF‐stimulated invasion of endothelium by breast cancer cells was inhibited by the addition of NK4. Western blotting revealed that HGF/SF decreased the protein level, and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of ZO‐1, but did not cause a change in level of occludin or claudin‐1, both molecules involved in tight junction function. RT‐PCR revealed that addition of HGF/SF caused no change in signal for claudin‐5 or junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), but there was a decrease in the signal for claudin‐1. NK4 was able to prevent the decrease in levels of ZO‐1 protein by HGF/SF. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Color duplex sonography of occlusion of the common carotid artery with reversed flow in the extracranial internal carotid artery
Authors: Dermitzakis Ioannis , Minardos Ioannis , Kampanarou Matina , Mitakou Diamanto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a small percentage of cases with an occluded common carotid artery (CCA), the patency of the arteries beyond the carotid bulb is preserved. Color duplex sonography is useful for assessing blood flow in these vessels. We present a case of retrograde flow in an internal carotid artery (ICA) with an occluded ipsilateral CCA identified using color duplex sonography in a 70‐year‐old man with diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. Color duplex sonography revealed that the right CCA was totally occluded near its origin and that flow was re‐established at the bulb. Flow in the right ICA was directed cephalad, with a low‐frequency, damped waveform; flow in the right external carotid artery (ECA) was bidirectional, with increased reversed diastolic flow. Extensive atherosclerotic lesions were also found in the left side. Endarterectomy of the left carotid bifurcation was performed. Follow‐up color duplex sonography 3 months later revealed a small increase of stenosis in the left CCA and mild stenosis in the left ICA. The right CCA remained occluded, but reversed flow with a high‐resistance flow pattern was seen in the ipsilateral ICA that supplied the ECA, which had cephalad‐directed flow. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 30:388–391, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/jcu.10075
Histological and electrophysiological analysis of the peripheral nerve allografts using an immunosuppressive agent
Authors: Okajima Seiichiro , Hojo Tatsuya , Tamai Kazuo , Takai Shinro , Hirasawa Yasusuke 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn peripheral nerve allografts, use of an immunosuppressive agent is one of the ways of reducing nerve rejection. FK506 is a newly discovered substance, extracted from Streptomyces tsukubaensis, and has strong immunosuppressive effects. In the present study, immunosuppressive effects of FK 506 were examined using allografts of rat sciatic nerves. Good nerve regeneration was demonstrated through 12 weeks in this model. The immunosuppressed group gained weight over the course of the experiment. Another study was performed to observe the histological changes caused by ceasing the administration of FK506. Administration of FK506 was terminated 12 weeks after grafting. At 8 weeks after cessation, cellular infiltration and large unmyelinated axons were observed in the extended subperineurial space of grafts. At 12 weeks, histological characteristics of rejection were not observed. In the electrophysiological study, the temporal dispersions were recorded at 4 and 8 weeks. However, the normal electrophysiological waves were recorded at 12 weeks after cessation. It was concluded that FK506 is effective for preventing rejection of nerve allografts without any serious side effects on rats, and findings of total rejection of grafts were not recognized after ceasing the administration of FK 506. In peripheral nerve allografts, short‐term administration of an immunosuppressive agent is sufficient to lead to good nerve regeneration. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:52–58, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.