bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Challenges and Constraints Encountered by Mushroom Growers in Uttarakhand: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Pipaliya Gayatri , Ansari M. A. 
Published: December 2023

Mushroom cultivation has emerged as a promising and sustainable agricultural enterprise in many regions offering economic opportunities and nutritional benefits. Uttarakhand, a hilly state in Northern Himalayas of India, is known for its ecological diversity and rich biodiversity making it an ideal location for mushroom cultivation. This paper attempts to identify the challenges and constraints faced by mushroom growers in Uttarakhand, thereby shedding light on the unique circumstances that can influence the success of this industry in the region. The current investigation was conducted in four purposively chosen districts of Uttarakhand state renowned for their substantial mushroom production. Two blocks were purposefully selected from each district, resulting in a total of eight blocks chosen deliberately due to their high concentration of mushroom growers. Subsequently, two villages were randomly selected from each block, culminating in a total of sixteen villages and 280 respondents for the study. Employing the Garrett ranking technique to assess and rank the ten statements (constraints) gleaned through extensive literature review coupled with consultations with subject matter experts. The study findings revealed that "pest and disease problem" was the most common constraint (Rank-1) faced by the mushroom growers highlighting its profound impact on mushroom cultivation. Following closely, "market accessibility" (Rank II) and "non-availability/delay of inputs" (Rank III) emerged as crucial factors that shape the mushroom cultivation landscape. On the other end of the spectrum, the constraint of "lack of transport" (Rank X) was surprisingly identified as a comparatively lesser impediment. These rankings offer strategic insights into the essential aspects that necessitate targeted interventions and resource allocation within the realm of mushroom cultivation. The study reiterates the multifaceted advantages of mushroom cultivation while acknowledging the challenges that hinder its profitable and sustainable progression. The findings will be of immense significance to policymakers, agricultural development agencies and mushroom growers in the region as they provide valuable insights into the opportunities and constraints in promoting the sustainable mushroom cultivation in Uttarakhand.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Care Experiences of Black People Living in Canada: A Qualitative Study to Inform Health Service Improvements
Authors: Thomas Megan , Barnabe Cheryl , Kleissen Tessa , Lacaille Diane , Hazlewood Glen , Fifi‐Mah Aurore , Hassen Nejat , Henry Richard , Kuluva Michael , English Kelly , Koehn Cheryl , Lane Therese , Johnson Nicole 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveTo understand experiences related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care and propose service‐level strategies to reduce and mitigate inequities for Black people living in Canada.MethodsPurposive and respondent driven sampling was used to recruit participants for qualitative interviews to explore population factors relevant to RA care and challenges and facilitators for access to health care services, medications, and enacting preferred treatment plans. Thematic analysis was conducted using the Braun and Clarke method with inductive and deductive coding and critical race theory guiding analysis.ResultsSix women and two men with RA, and two women health care professionals, expressed how their racial identity contributed to their understanding of RA, preferences for treatment, and outcome goals. Health care access was influenced by financial limitations and racism, by exclusion, and discrimination, and also by cultural norms in seeking health care and awareness about RA within the Black community. Participants experienced health system fragmentation and were not connected to ancillary supports. Treatment decision‐making was influenced by the legacy of oppression and medical experimentation on Black people and the predominance of biomedical approaches emphasized by health care providers. Holistic and cultural approaches, provided in safe, trauma‐informed care environments, with flexibility in service models, are desired. Partnerships between arthritis care services and Black community organizations are proposed to promote community awareness and knowledge about arthritis and provide support mechanisms for patients within their community.ConclusionOur study highlights unique considerations based on race and ethnicity and provides suggestions for arthritis care to mitigate inequities for Black people living with arthritis.
Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Nickel Acetate Interlayer
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhao Yaping , Qin Xiangqian , Li Mingliang , Sun Haoran , Zhou Peng , Feng Wenjing , Li Yuqing , Lu Jianxun , Lin Kebin , Shi Lei , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite light‐emitting diodes (Pero‐LEDs) have gained great attention due to their promising applications in lighting and displays. However, in their conventional three‐layered sandwich structure, some undeserved carrier behaviors, such as imbalanced carrier injection, severe carrier loss, and unstable recombination zone, limit the device's performance. Herein, a four‐layered design by inserting a nickel acetate (Ni(OAc)2) interlayer between the emitter and hole‐transport layer(HTL) to manage carrier behavior and improve radiative recombination efficiency is proposed. Specifically, the Ni(OAc)2 interlayer is poorly conductive and can partially block the hole injection, making the hole‐electron injection more balanced. And the Ni(OAc)2 interlayer avoids the direct contact between the perovskite emitter and hole transporter, reducing the interfacial carrier quenching. Moreover, the Ni(OAc)2 interlayer inhibits the electron‐migrated recombination at the hole transporter interface, confining the carrier recombination zone in the emitter layer. As a result, the corresponding Pero‐LEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 24.6% with good reproducibility, showing an average EQEmax of over 20%.
Naphthodithiophene Diimide (NDTI)‐Based Cathode Interlayer Material Enables 19% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zongtao , Wang Helin , Du Mengzheng , Lai Xue , He Feng , Guo Qing , Guo Qiang , Tang Ailing , Sun Xiangnan , Zhou Erjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA fused naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI) derivative is first used as cathode interlayer materials (CIMs) in organic solar cells, by introducing two dimethylamine‐functionalized fluorenes on both sides, namely NDTI1. Meanwhile, two non‐fused naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives are synthesized as the control CIMs to validate the design strategy of fused NDI. All three CIMs show high thermal stability, robust adhesion, and strong electrode modification capability. Compared with two NDI‐based materials, NDTI1 possesses excellent film‐forming capacity and strong crystallinity, simultaneously. Besides, NDTI1 presents a strong self‐doping effect and distinct intermolecular interaction with non‐fullerene acceptors. As expected, the NDTI1‐based OSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.02% using the PM6:Y6 active layer and a champion PCE of 19.01% employing the active layer PM6:L8‐BO, which is attributed to improve charge transport and extraction, and suppressive charge recombination. More importantly, NDTI1 retains 91% of the optimal PCE when the film thickness increases from 7 to 20 nm. Furthermore, NDTI1 also exhibits satisfactory universality for different active layer materials and excellent device stability.
Design of Quantum Dot Color Convertors for Inkjet‐Printed Optoelectronic Devices: Violet‐Converted Full Color Mini‐LED
Authors: Lin Chen‐Te , Zhuan Yi‐long , Jung Nian‐Ting , Hoang Minh‐Son , Chen Hsueh‐Shih 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study presents a strategy of design and development of inkjet‐printable and UV‐curable quantum dot (QD) polymer‐based inks and color conversion (CC) film for use in optoelectronic devices. At first, the preparation of a QD ink is focused on two key aspects, that are QD chemical compatibility and ink printability. In the hybrid organic–inorganic polymer/QDs system, it must be formulated to a well‐dispersed ink, in which a dispersant additive without negative effect on QDs is introduced to enhance the QD suspension. As the optical density of final dried QD film is one of the most critical concerns in color conversion, QD concentration should be as high as possible in the ink, which increases the ink viscosity. Consequently, a trade‐off between QD concentration and the ink viscosity associated with the ink‐jetting temperature is considered to ensure the ink printability. Finally, the designed QD ink is printed as color conversion film on a mini‐LED panel composed of two violet mini‐chips to produce red and green emissions, while blue emission directly comes from a blue mini‐chip. The final conversion efficiency of QDCC on mini‐LED panel are between 35% and 45%, showing the promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Aluminum Surface Defect Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Liang Jianan , Kong Ruiling , Ma Rong , Zhang Jinhua , Bian Xingrui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIndustrial defect detection is an important aspect of object detection. Aluminum is an indispensable material in the industrial field, but the complexity of surface defects on aluminum makes detection challenging. Therefore, the paper proposes the YOLOv5‐ESP algorithm based on the YOLOv5 algorithm. First, the problem of poor signal quality and small data samples is addressed through data enhancement. Second, the YOLOv5‐ESP incorporates the Efficient Channel Attention‐C3 (ECA‐C3) module in the Backbone structure to enhance attention toward defect regions. The Spatial Pooling Pyramid Cross‐Stage Partial Convolution (SPPCSPC) module is introduced to extract multi‐scale features of defects. The Poly‐scale Convolution (PSConv) is applied at the end of the Neck structure to resolve the problem of imprecise localization resulting from significant differences in the scale of defect features. Soft Non‐Maximum Suppression (Soft‐NMS) is utilized in the Head structure to optimize the prediction boxes. Experimental results show that the proposed YOLOv5‐ESP achieves a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 94%, outperforming YOLOv5 and other classical algorithms. Furthermore, it maintains an average recognition time of 0.019 s per image, which meets the requirements of accuracy and real‐time performance in the industry.
Hydrogenation of Alkynes and Olefins Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Guo Qi , Shen Guoli , Lu Guangfu , Qian Jinyi , Que Qitao , Li Jiuling , Guo Yafei , Fan Baomin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCatalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons to alkenes and alkanes using molecular hydrogen is one of the most fundamental transformations in organic synthesis. While methodologies involving transition metals as catalysts in homogeneous and heterogeneous processes have been well developed, metal‐free catalytic hydrogenation offers an ideal approach for future chemistry. Herein, the common and inexpensive quaternary ammonium salts are first introduced as catalysts in the catalytic hydrogenation system for the transformations from alkynes or olefins into the corresponding olefins or alkanes. Interestingly, the hydrogenation process of alkynes can be controlled to selectively produce alkenes or alkanes under different conditions. Moreover, the possible mechanism is discussed in new insights into the catalytic behavior of quaternary ammonium salts.
Interactive Multi‐Stage Robotic Positioner for Intra‐Operative MRI‐Guided Stereotactic Neurosurgery
Authors: He Zhuoliang , Dai Jing , Ho Justin Di‐Lang , Tong Hon‐Sing , Wang Xiaomei , Fang Ge , Liang Liyuan , Cheung Chim‐Lee , Guo Ziyan , Chang Hing‐Chiu , Iordachita Iulian , Taylor Russell H. , Poon Wai‐Sang , Chan Danny Tat‐Ming , Kwok Ka‐Wai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates clear advantages over other imaging modalities in neurosurgery with its ability to delineate critical neurovascular structures and cancerous tissue in high‐resolution 3D anatomical roadmaps. However, its application has been limited to interventions performed based on static pre/post‐operative imaging, where errors accrue from stereotactic frame setup, image registration, and brain shift. To leverage the powerful intra‐operative functions of MRI, e.g., instrument tracking, monitoring of physiological changes and tissue temperature in MRI‐guided bilateral stereotactic neurosurgery, a multi‐stage robotic positioner is proposed. The system positions cannula/needle instruments using a lightweight (203 g) and compact (Ø97 × 81 mm) skull‐mounted structure that fits within most standard imaging head coils. With optimized design in soft robotics, the system operates in two stages: i) manual coarse adjustment performed interactively by the surgeon (workspace of ±30°), ii) automatic fine adjustment with precise (<0.2° orientation error), responsive (1.4 Hz bandwidth), and high‐resolution (0.058°) soft robotic positioning. Orientation locking provides sufficient transmission stiffness (4.07 N/mm) for instrument advancement. The system's clinical workflow and accuracy is validated with lab‐based (<0.8 mm) and MRI‐based testing on skull phantoms (<1.7 mm) and a cadaver subject (<2.2 mm). Custom‐made wireless omni‐directional tracking markers facilitated robot registration under MRI.
Revealing Two Distinct Formation Pathways of 2D Wurtzite‐CdSe Nanocrystals Using In Situ X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Lee Hyo Cheol , Bootharaju Megalamane S. , Lee Kyunghoon , Chang Hogeun , Kim Seo Young , Ahn Eonhyoung , Li Shi , Kim Byung Hyo , Ahn Hyungju , Hyeon Taeghwan , Yang Jiwoong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism underlying the formation of quantum‐sized semiconductor nanocrystals is crucial for controlling their synthesis for a wide array of applications. However, most studies of 2D CdSe nanocrystals have relied predominantly on ex situ analyses, obscuring key intermediate stages and raising fundamental questions regarding their lateral shapes. Herein, the formation pathways of two distinct quantum‐sized 2D wurtzite‐CdSe nanocrystals — nanoribbons and nanosheets — by employing a comprehensive approach, combining in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques with various ex situ characterization methods is studied. Although both nanostructures share the same thickness of ≈1.4 nm, they display contrasting lateral dimensions. The findings reveal the pivotal role of Se precursor reactivity in determining two distinct synthesis pathways. Specifically, highly reactive precursors promote the formation of the nanocluster‐lamellar assemblies, leading to the synthesis of 2D nanoribbons with elongated shapes. In contrast, mild precursors produce nanosheets from a tiny seed of 2D nuclei, and the lateral growth is regulated by chloride ions, rather than relying on nanocluster‐lamellar assemblies or Cd(halide)2–alkylamine templates, resulting in 2D nanocrystals with relatively shorter lengths. These findings significantly advance the understanding of the growth mechanism governing quantum‐sized 2D semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable guidelines for their rational synthesis.
Determination of Enantiomeric Excess by Optofluidic Microlaser near Exceptional Point
Authors: Xu Zhiyang , Yan Yinzhou , Wang Xingyuan , Wang Xiaolei , Zhou Zhixiang , Yang Xi , Zhai Tianrui 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEnantiomeric excess (ee) is an essential indicator of chiral drug purification in the pharmaceutical industry. However, to date the ee determination of unknown concentration enantiomers generally involves two separate techniques for chirality and concentration measurement. Here, a whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) based optofluidic microlaser near exceptional point to achieve the ee determination under unknown concentration with a single technique is proposed. Exceptional point induces the unidirectional WGM lasing, providing the optofluidic microlaser with the novel capability to measure chirality by polarization, in addition to wavelength‐based concentration detection. The dual‐parameters detection of optofluidic microlaser empowers it to achieve ee determination of various unknown enantiomers without additional concentration measurements, a feat that is challenging to accomplish with other methods. Featuring the sensitivity enhancement and miniature structure of the WGM sensors, the obtained chiroptical response of the present approach is ≈30‐fold higher than that of the conventional optical rotation‐based polarimeter, and the reagent consumption is reduced by three orders of magnitude.
Local Ancestry at the Major Histocompatibility Complex Region is Not a Major Contributor to Disease Heterogeneity in a Multiethnic Lupus Cohort
Authors: Solomon Olivia , Lanata Cristina M. , Adams Cameron , Nititham Joanne , Taylor Kimberly E. , Chung Sharon A. , Yazdany Jinoos , Dall'Era Maria , Pons‐Estel Bernado A. , Tusié‐Luna Teresa , Tsao Betty , Morand Eric , Alarcón‐Riquelme Marta E. , Barcellos Lisa F. , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease resulting in debilitating clinical manifestations that vary in severity by race and ethnicity with a disproportionate burden in African American, Mestizo, and Asian populations compared with populations of European descent. Differences in global and local genetic ancestry may shed light on the underlying mechanisms contributing to these disparities, including increased prevalence of lupus nephritis, younger age of symptom onset, and presence of autoantibodies.MethodsA total of 1,139 European, African American, and Mestizos patients with SLE were genotyped using the Affymetrix LAT1 World array. Global ancestry proportions were estimated using ADMIXTURE, and local ancestry was estimated using RFMIXv2.0. We investigated associations between lupus nephritis, age at onset, and autoantibody status with both global and local ancestry proportions within the Major Histocompatibility Complex region.ResultsOur results showed small effect sizes that did not meet the threshold for statistical significance for global or local ancestry proportions in either African American or Mestizo patients with SLE who presented with the clinical manifestations of interest compared with those who did not.ConclusionThese findings suggest that local genetic ancestry within the Major Histocompatibility Complex region is not a major contributor to these SLE manifestations among patients with SLE from admixed populations.
A new method for clustered survival data: Estimation of treatment effect heterogeneity and variable selection
Authors: Hu Liangyuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe recently developed a new method random‐intercept accelerated failure time model with Bayesian additive regression trees (riAFT‐BART) to draw causal inferences about population treatment effect on patient survival from clustered and censored survival data while accounting for the multilevel data structure. The practical utility of this method goes beyond the estimation of population average treatment effect. In this work, we exposit how riAFT‐BART can be used to solve two important statistical questions with clustered survival data: estimating the treatment effect heterogeneity and variable selection. Leveraging the likelihood‐based machine learning, we describe a way in which we can draw posterior samples of the individual survival treatment effect from riAFT‐BART model runs, and use the drawn posterior samples to perform an exploratory treatment effect heterogeneity analysis to identify subpopulations who may experience differential treatment effects than population average effects. There is sparse literature on methods for variable selection among clustered and censored survival data, particularly ones using flexible modeling techniques. We propose a permutation‐based approach using the predictor's variable inclusion proportion supplied by the riAFT‐BART model for variable selection. To address the missing data issue frequently encountered in health databases, we propose a strategy to combine bootstrap imputation and riAFT‐BART for variable selection among incomplete clustered survival data. We conduct an expansive simulation study to examine the practical operating characteristics of our proposed methods, and provide empirical evidence that our proposed methods perform better than several existing methods across a wide range of data scenarios. Finally, we demonstrate the methods via a case study of predictors for in‐hospital mortality among severe COVID‐19 patients and estimating the heterogeneous treatment effects of three COVID‐specific medications. The methods developed in this work are readily available in the package .
Theoretical insights into the AIE mechanism of assembles
Authors: Yang Xintong , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFluorophores in aggregated state are commonly used in optoelectronic devices, and the molecular packing are complex and diverse, including crystal, amorphous aggregate in solution, thin film, ordered supramolecular assemblies, and highly ordered cell membrane. In addition, the luminous behavior of the aggregated state can be precisely regulated by external stimuli such as hydrostatic pressure. In this review, we summarize the representative progress on the application of multiscale modeling protocol to illustrate the underlying mechanism of fluorescent emission of organic dyes in different assembles. The aim is to obtain the molecular packing in different forms of assembles and then to understand their underlying mechanism of stimuli‐responsive fluorescent behavior at the molecular level. This is essential for the rational design, synthesis, and efficient application of fluorescent dyes.