bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology Engineering of SnS2 Nanostructures to Stimulate PICT Resonance for Ultra‐Sensitive SERS Sensors
Authors: Peng Yusi , Zhang Weida , Xu Meimei , Zhao Shuai , Yang Lili , Li Dan , Tanemura Masaki , Huang Zhengren , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRecent advances indicate the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity of semiconductors is generally lower than that of noble metal substrates, and developing ultra‐sensitive semiconductor SERS substrates is an urgent task. Here, SnS2 with better SERS performance is screened out from sulfides and selenides by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through adjusting the concentration of reactants to control the growth driving force without any surfactants or templates, SnS2 nanostrctures of stacked nanosheets (SNSs), microspheres (MSs) and microflowers (MFs) are developed, which all exhibit ultra‐low limit of detections (LODs) of 10−12, 10−13, and 10−11 M, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the SERS sensitivity of these three kinds of SnS2 nanostrctures are superior to most of the reported pure semiconductors and even can be parallel to the noble metals with a “hot spot” effect. This extraordinary SERS enhancement of SnS2 nanostrctures is originated from the dominated contribution of photo‐induced charge transfer (PICT) resonance with different wavelength excitation lasers. Benefitting to the excellent SERS enhanced uniformity, generality, stability, ultra‐high sensitivity of SnS2 nanostrctures, and the advantages that the PICT resonance enhancement excited for different probe molecules is not limited by its morphology, it is expected to provide a class of potential commercial SERS‐active materials for the practical application of semiconductor‐based SERS technology.
Organization of Lacunar and Muscular Systems of Polyascus polygeneus and Parasacculina pilosella (Rhizocephala: Polyascidae)
Authors: Arbuzova Natalia A. , Lianguzova Anastasia D. , Korn Olga M. , Miroliubov Aleksei A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCirculatory systems are characteristic of most multicellular animals. In parasitic organisms, which may differ strikingly from their free‐living relatives, such systems remain the least studied. Rhizocephala (Pancrustacea: Cirripedia) are among the morphologically most derived parasitic crustaceans. In the adult rhizocephalan female, transport presumably takes place along the lacunar system inside the interna rootlets and the externa. The aim of our study was to visualize and describe the lacunar and muscular systems in the externa of Polyascus polygeneus and Parasacculina pilosella (fam. Polyascidae) using micro‐computed tomography and confocal microscopy. The lacunar system in the externae of both species consists of the stalk lumen, mesentery lacuna accompanying the visceral mass and mantle lacunae. These elements of the lacunar system are similar to those previously described in Peltogasterella gracilis (fam. Peltogasterellidae). However, the interposition of these elements differs. The organization of the muscular system mostly corresponds to previous descriptions in other rhizocephalan species, however some unexpected results were obtained. For example, P. polygeneus has an age‐related differentiation of mantle musculature, which was not described before for any rhizocephalan species. Obtained data on lacunar and muscular systems organization allow us to assume the change in the externa body axes in the family Polyascidae.
The Minimum‐Cost Dynamic Flow Problem in a Fixed Graph With a Constant Target Flow Value
Authors: Kamiyama Naoyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA dynamic network is a directed graph where an arc has a capacity and a transit time. A dynamic flow is a flow defined in a dynamic network. We consider the problem of finding a minimum‐cost dynamic flow in a dynamic network where an arc has a cost. It is known that this problem is NP‐hard. Klinz and Woeginger asked whether the minimum‐cost dynamic flow problem in a fixed graph (i.e., a graph is given a priori, and it is not a part of the input) can be solved in polynomial time. We prove that if the cost of each arc is non‐negative, the capacity of each arc is an integer, and the target flow value is a constant integer, then this problem can be solved in polynomial time.
Diagnostic imaging techniques for evaluating root morphology in a dog with a dilacerated root
Authors: Kim Chun‐Geun , Park Hee‐Myung 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA 3.4 kg, 3‐year‐old, male poodle was referred with a suspected root fracture. On intraoral radiography using parallel techniques, a radiolucent line was observed at the apical one‐quarter of the distal root of the right mandibular first molar, along with a widening of the periodontal ligament space in the periapical area. A cone‐beam computed tomography examination was subsequently performed for differential diagnosis to distinguish between a root fracture and other dental pathologies, abnormalities or radiographic artefacts. In the transverse and dorsal planes of the cone‐beam computed tomography scan, buccolingual‐directed dilaceration was revealed in the distal root of the right mandibular first molar, while there was no evidence of root fracture or widening of the periodontal ligament space. A recheck 3 years following the first visit did not demonstrate pathological changes on intraoral radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography examinations. This case report describes the successfully diagnosed root dilaceration in a dog using cone‐beam computed tomography.
A Narrative Review of Noninvasive Therapy
Authors: Ostasevicius Vytautas , Jurenas Vytautas , Venslauskas Mantas , Kizauskiene Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter discusses the current theoretical and practical applications of ultrasound-assisted or vibratory blood flow activation and bioparticle separation technologies. The disadvantages of high megahertz ultrasound, which is widely used in medical practice for diagnostic and sometimes therapeutic purposes, are related to the limited penetration depth of the acoustic signal, the scattered effect on biological tissues and the overheating. Emphasis is placed on the use of ultrasound to activate the delivery of drugs to the target by disrupting the biofilm covering the bacteria and, at the same time, to activate the effect of antibiotics in the treatment of inflammatory processes.
Acoustic Activation of Human Circulatory Parameters
Authors: Ostasevicius Vytautas , Jurenas Vytautas , Venslauskas Mantas , Kizauskiene Laura 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To ensure the patient’s well-being, safe ultrasound therapy technologies are necessary. According to the standard, the sound intensity level of medical ultrasound diagnostic equipment must not exceed 1000 mW/cm2 in the high frequency range from 1 to 10 MHz, which ensures an acoustic signal penetration of up to 1.7 cm.
Challenging Chest Radiograph Interpretation
Authors: Abbott Gerald F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chest radiography is the most widely used medical imaging modality in the world. The volume of chest radiographic studies continues to rise, in tandem with increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging studies. The most efficient method of interpreting such a large and growing work volume requires a systematic approach applied in a consistent manner. Within that framework, challenging and unusual cases will arise and require more concentrated efforts than those needed to interpret the more typical cases in day-to-day practice.
A challenge may arise due to small size or poor conspicuity of a pulmonary nodule on chest radiography—a nodule that may represent a lung cancer. That challenge can be met by the radiologist’s awareness of common causes for missing such lesions on radiographic studies. Other cases may be challenging by unusual combinations of imaging findings that may be manifestations of more than one underlying diagnosis. In other instances, the complexity and distribution of findings—as in cases of interstitial lung disease—may challenge the radiologist’s fund of knowledge and level of experience. The following cases illustrate teaching points that are intended to assist the reader in meeting such challenges.
Congenital Heart Disease in Adults
Authors: Bhalla Sanjeev , Beal Michael , Seymore Noah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Advances in imaging with faster scans and routine use of thin-section images have allowed for the regular detection of congenital heart disease (CHD) in adults. Simultaneously, surgical and medical treatments have allowed children with complex CHD to live well into adulthood. The net effect is that more adults are alive with CHD than children. CHD is truly an adult condition! This chapter will cover the more common anomalies initially detected in adults including septal defects, bicuspid aortic valve, anomalous pulmonary venous return, Ebsteins anomaly, and coronary anomalies, which may also go undetected until adulthood. The chapter will cover common associations with these conditions. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common surgically corrected congenital heart disease seen in adults. Right ventricle end-diastolic volume normalized to body surface area helps to drive the need for intervention. Surgical correction for transposition of the great arteries previously consisted of inflow switching but now consists of an arterial switch procedure. With repaired complex congenital heart disease, two phases of imaging for CT angiography are strongly considered. This can help overcome flow artifacts that may be seen with a single phase in this complex anatomy.
Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Ebner Lukas , Prosch Helmut , Roos Justus E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD), a broad group of over 200 lung conditions, some of which can progress to severe, irreversible fibrosis. ILDs can have various causes, ranging from environmental exposures to autoimmune diseases, and while some may be treatable or reversible, others, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lead to significant lung damage and poor outcomes.
Lung fibrosis occurs when abnormal tissue repair leads to scarring, impairing the lungs’ ability to function properly. The chapter emphasizes the importance of chest CT scans in diagnosing and evaluating lung fibrosis, highlighting common imaging patterns such as honeycombing, traction bronchiectasis, and architectural distortion. Identifying these patterns is critical to diagnose different types of ILDs.
The chapter also discusses several common fibrosing ILDs, including IPF, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Each disease has distinct clinical and imaging features, though some, such as chronic HP and IPF, can appear similar, making diagnosis challenging. A systematic, multidisciplinary approach, involving specialists such as radiologists and pulmonologists, is key to accurate diagnosis and effective management of these diseases.
EKG-Beurteilung im Rettungs- und Notarztdienst in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer Querschnittsstudie
Authors: Gerhard Angela , Treusch Yvonne , Möckel Luis , Kohlstedt Karin , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Die Registrierung eines 12-Kanal-Elektrokardiogramms (EKG) stellt einen unverzichtbaren Teil der Basisdiagnostik im Rettungs- und Notarztdienst dar. Für die Erstversorgung und Stellung einer Verdachtsdiagnose müssen Notfallsanitäter*innen (NFS) und Notärzt*innen (NA) gute Kenntnisse in der Interpretation des EKG besitzen. Trotzdem zeigen einige Studien auf, dass die EKG-Interpretationsfähigkeit von NFS und NA verbesserungswürdig ist.

Ziel der Arbeit
Das Ziel war es, die EKG-Interpretationskompetenz von NFS und NA in Deutschland zu ermitteln.

Material und Methoden
Vom 22. Februar bis 22. März 2023 wurde eine Onlinebefragung durchgeführt. Es wurden Daten zu Geschlecht, Alter, Berufsausbildung, Berufserfahrung, Zeitpunkt der letzten EKG-Fortbildung und eine Selbsteinschätzung der EKG-Kompetenzen erhoben. Des Weiteren mussten 9 unterschiedliche EKG in Form von Single-Choice-Fragen interpretiert werden.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 908 Befragte (NFS: 803; NA: 105) wurden in die Auswertung eingeschlossen, wovon 677 Teilnehmende alle EKG beantworteten. Im Durchschnitt schätzten alle 677 Teilnehmenden, die alle EKG beantwortet haben, die EKG zu 63,3 % korrekt ein (NFS: 61,4 %; NA: 76,5 %). Das EKG mit ST-Strecken-Hebungs-Myokardinfarkt (STEMI) in der Hinterwand wurde von 79,1 % (NFS: 78,1 %; NA: 86,7 %) der Befragten (n = 908) richtig eingeschätzt. Defizite bestanden bei der Interpretation von AV-Blöcken, Tachykardien, Vorhofflimmern, Schenkelblöcken, Schrittmacher-EKG und bei der Lagetypbestimmung. Die Selbsteinschätzung der Teilnehmenden bezüglich ihrer EKG-Kenntnisse korrelierte signifikant mit den tatsächlich erzielten Ergebnissen (p ≤ 0,001; p

bonf
= 0,016; ρ = 0,378).

Diskussion
Aufgrund von Defiziten in der Befundung von 12-Kanal-EKG sollten die EKG-Aus- und -Fortbildungsprogramme überarbeitet werden, um eine Qualitätssteigerung der Versorgung der Patient*innen in der prähospitalen Notfallmedizin zu bewirken.
Conduction mode welding of Cu hairpins with a 3 kW blue laser with external features correlated to quality attributes
Authors: Ortolani Matteo , Borzoni Giulio , Nocciolini Daniele , Previtali Barbara , Demir Ali Gökhan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hairpin winding technology is a crucial part of the contemporary electric drives used for traction applications. The contacting of the hairpin couples requires a fast process with high quality and cleanliness in the processing environment. High-brilliance NIR sources provide industrially accepted solutions with high productivity, while spatter, porosity, and material burst defects remain open issues to be resolved. The use of conduction mode welding may provide a more stable process in the absence of keyhole fluctuations. The blue wavelength at high power can provide the means for a conduction mode weld with high absorptivity despite low irradiance, sufficiently deep and wide as required by the hairpin welding applications. This work investigates the use of a 3 kW blue diode laser with 720 µm spot size for the welding of pure Cu hairpin couples. The work systematically investigates the melting capacity of the blue laser beam from bead-on-plate experiments to the hairpin welds with elliptical trajectories and an increasing number of scans. The results show that the blue laser is capable of producing the weld beads with sufficient size using scan speeds between 50 and 150 mm/s and a number of rotations between 2 and 7, characterized by low porosity and reduced material ejection. The process was observed to be relatively slower compared to keyhole welding but proved to be favorable for reducing spatter generation. The conduction-based welding is also provided to correlate more easily the external dimensions of the weld bead to weld strength and electrical resistance. Such features are highly appealing for an easier process of quality assessment.
Large incomplete-information games with independent types
Authors: Carmona Guilherme , Podczeck Konrad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider Bayes–Nash equilibria of large semi-anonymous games (i.e., each player’s payoff is determined by his type, his action, and the distribution of the realized types and choices of the others). In a model with finite type and action spaces, we provide a characterization of limits of sequences of Bayes-Nash equilibria as the number of players goes to infinity. Based on this, we show that strict pure-strategy Bayes–Nash equilibria exist in all sufficiently large finite-player games for generic distributions of players’ payoff functions and type distributions.
Aquirufa esocilacus sp. nov., Aquirufa originis sp. nov., Aquirufa avitistagni, and Aquirufa echingensis sp. nov. discovered in small freshwater habitats in Austria during a citizen science project
Authors: Pitt Alexandra , Lienbacher Stefan , Schmidt Johanna , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Wolf Jacqueline , Oren Aharon , Reichl Sophia , Hahn Martin W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Within a citizen science project, 112 freshwater habitats in Austria were sampled to get bacterial cultures belonging to the genus Aquirufa using a strategy for targeted isolation. We focused on these bacteria because they are widespread and represent typical freshwater bacteria and, furthermore, the typic red pigmentation facilitates preselection. Among the 113 obtained Aquirufa strains were HETE-83DT, KTFRIE-69FT, OSTEICH-129VT and PLAD-142S6KT, originating from small ponds and a creek. Phylogenetic reconstructions with 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome-based analyses with amino acid sequences of 501 core genes showed that all four strains belonged to the A. antheringensis branch of the genus Aquirufa. Calculation of whole-genome average nucleotide identity values and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values revealed that they represent in each case a new species. The genome sizes of the four strains were between 2.5 and 2.8 Mbp and the G + C values were between 41.4 and 41.8%. Like all type strains of the genus Aquirufa, cells were rod-shaped, and liquid cultures and colonies on agar plates were red-pigmented, likely due to carotenoids. All strains except OSTEICH-129VT showed gliding motility on soft agar plates. All strains grew aerobically but only PLAD-142S6KT could grow weakly under anaerobic conditions. We propose here to establish the names Aquirufa esocilacus sp. nov. for strain HETE-83DT (= DSM 118087T = JCM 37094T), Aquirufa originis sp. nov. for KTFRIE-69FT (= DSM 117798T = JCM 37095T), Aquirufa avitistagni for OSTEICH-129VT (= DSM 118088T = JCM 37100T) and Aquirufa echingensis sp. nov. for PLAD-142S6KT (= DSM 117799T = JCM 37096T).
Nonlinear Stability Measures of Synchronised States in a Power Grid Model
Authors: Eaves Tom S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nonlinear stability of desired dynamics in multi-stable systems (systems with more than one attracting state) depends on the shape and size of its basins of attraction. ‘Basin stability’ estimates the volume of a state’s basin of attraction and estimates the probability that a random initial condition evolves towards the state. If properties of the random initial conditions used are analysed, then basin stability can also provide estimates of the shape of the basin of attraction, but which are coarse-grained and lack details of small-scale features of its boundary. The closest approach of the basin boundary to the state can be computed via an optimisation procedure, providing minimum perturbation amplitudes to leave the desired region. Minimal disturbances are missed by basin stability estimations (by two orders of magnitude in perturbation energy for transition to fluid turbulence) and so offer a complimentary nonlinear stability measure to basin stability. Minimal disturbances for desynchronisation are computed in the ‘swing equation’, a network of second-order Kuramoto oscillators which acts as a simple model for power grid dynamics, in small four-node power grids and a complex model UK power grid. The amplitudes of minimal disturbances vary non-monotonically with the number of connections in the grid, depending on the details of the dynamical evolution of the perturbation across the grid. A comparison between the amplitude of minimal disturbances and basin stability for a range of nodal powers and dissipation rates shows that these nonlinear stability measures evolve independently, emphasising the need for both measures to be used in the design of nonlinear systems. The desynchronised dynamics of large power grids are investigated in detail; an asymptotic expansion is developed to explain the grid-wide dynamics of single-node ‘dead-end’ desynchronisation events.
Impact of advanced lithotripter technology on SWL success: ınsights from Modulith SLK ınline outcomes
Authors: Erdoğan Erhan , Şimşek Gamze , Aşık Alper , Sarıca Göksu , Sarıca Kemal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
This study aims to evaluate the success rate of Shock Wave Lithotripsy (SWL) in treating kidney stones using the Modulith SLK Inline lithotripter, with a focus on the importance of device efficacy as emphasized in EAU guidelines.

Patients and methods
This retrospective single-center study was conducted between June 2023 and June 2024. Inclusion criteria were adult patients (> 18 years) with radiologically confirmed renal stones smaller than 15 mm in diameter. Exclusion criteria included patients with solitary kidneys, significant renal functional deterioration, skeletal deformities, active urinary tract infections, pregnancy, or coagulopathies. Treatment outcomes were collected and analyzed in detail, considering patients’ demographic characteristics (age, gender) and stone parameters (size, location, and hardness [Hounsfield Unit, HU]). The SWL procedures were performed using the Modulith SLK Inline lithotripter (Storz Medical, Switzerland). The success of SWL was defined as achieving complete stone clearance or the presence of clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF) (< 4 mm). This study seeks to provide detailed insights into the optimal use cases of SWL as a non-invasive yet effective treatment option for smaller, more manageable stones.

Results
The mean age of the 208 patients included in the study was 42.2 ± 12.7 years (18–75), with a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. The mean stone size across all patients was 10.3 mm, and the average HU value was 874.0 ± 283.2. Patients who achieved a completely stone-free status had significantly lower HU values (p = 0.049). The overall success rate of SWL was 78.8%, with 164 patients achieving complete stone clearance. When cases with clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF, < 4 mm) were included as successful outcomes, the overall success rate increased to 92.3%. This distinction highlights the inclusion of patients with small residual fragments that are deemed clinically irrelevant in the adjusted success rate. In cases with successful outcomes, the mean stone size was 10.3 mm, whereas it was 12.5 mm in patients with residual fragments or treatment failure. A statistically significant relationship was identified between stone size and treatment success rates (p < 0.001). In contrast, stone localization did not have a significant impact on SWL success rates (p = 0.377).

Conclusions
SWL has demonstrated its effectiveness in kidney stone treatment with a 78.8% complete stone-free rate using the Modulith SLK Inline lithotripter. Higher success rates were achieved with smaller stones (< 15 mm) and lower HU values. These findings support the significance of advanced lithotripter technology in establishing SWL as a valuable non-invasive option for stones under 15 mm.
Counting Temporal Paths
Authors: Enright Jessica , Meeks Kitty , Molter Hendrik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work investigates the parameterised complexity of counting temporal paths. The problem of counting temporal paths is mainly motivated by temporal betweenness computation. The betweenness centrality of a vertex v is an important centrality measure that quantifies how many optimal paths between pairs of other vertices visit v. Computing betweenness centrality in a temporal graph, in which the edge set may change over discrete timesteps, requires us to count temporal paths that are optimal with respect to some criterion. For several natural notions of optimality, including foremost or fastest temporal paths, this counting problem reduces to #Temporal Path, the problem of counting all temporal paths between a fixed pair of vertices; like the problems of counting foremost and fastest temporal paths, #Temporal Path is #P-hard in general. Motivated by the many applications of this intractable problem, we initiate a systematic study of the parameterised and approximation complexity of #Temporal Path. We show that the problem presumably does not admit an FPT-algorithm for the feedback vertex number of the static underlying graph, and that it is hard to approximate in general. On the positive side, we prove several exact and approximate FPT-algorithms for special cases.