bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photogrammetry Scans for Neuroanatomy Education - a New Multi-Camera System: Technical Note
Authors: Oliveira André de Sá Braga , Leonel Luciano César P. C. , Bauman Megan M.J. , Bonis Alessandro , LaHood Edward R. , Graepel Stephen , Link Michael J. , Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Lachman Nirusha , Morris Jonathan M. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Photogrammetry scans has directed attention to the development of advanced camera systems to improve the creation of three-dimensional (3D) models, especially for educational and medical-related purposes. This could be a potential cost-effective method for neuroanatomy education, especially when access to laboratory-based learning is limited. The aim of this study was to describe a new photogrammetry system based on a 5 Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) cameras setup to optimize accuracy of neuroanatomical 3D models. One formalin-fixed brain and specimen and one dry skull were used for dissections and scanning using the photogrammetry technique. After each dissection, the specimens were placed inside a new MedCreator® scanner (MedReality, Thyng, Chicago, IL) to be scanned with the final 3D model being displayed on SketchFab® (Epic, Cary, NC) and MedReality® platforms. The scanner consisted of 5 cameras arranged vertically facing the specimen, which was positioned on a platform in the center of the scanner. The new multi-camera system contains automated software packages, which allowed for quick rendering and creation of a high-quality 3D models. Following uploading the 3D models to the SketchFab® and MedReality® platforms for display, the models can be freely manipulated in various angles and magnifications in any devices free of charge for users. Therefore, photogrammetry scans with this new multi-camera system have the potential to enhance the accuracy and resolution of the 3D models, along with shortening creation time of the models. This system can serve as an important tool to optimize neuroanatomy education and ultimately, improve patient outcomes.
Influence of roughness-generated streaks on laminar separation bubbles
Authors: Jaroslawski Tomek , Vermeersch Olivier , Forte Maxime , Moschetta Jean-Marc , Gowree Erwin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This experimental investigation studies the impact of streaks on two-dimensional laminar separation bubbles forming over an aerofoil. Streaks are introduced into the boundary layer using cylindrical roughness elements, and the resulting mean and unsteady flow fields are measured using hot-wire anemometry. The observed streaks generated by roughness exhibit analogous behavior to those generated by freestream turbulence, significantly altering the mean-flow characteristics of the bubble, including reductions in its length, height, and the introduction of spanwise velocity gradients. These mean flow modifications have a damping effect on convective disturbance growth. The experiments suggest the coexistence of modal instability due to the laminar separation bubble and non-modal instability due to streaks. We perform linear stability analysis at the fore position of the laminar separation bubble and find that by incorporating a spanwise wavenumber into the calculations, the experimental findings are reasonably modeled, indicating an oblique modal instability. To investigate the combined effect of roughness and the presence of freestream turbulence, we increase the turbulence level from the baseline in the presence of a roughness forcing configuration. We find that increasing the turbulence intensity leads to an enhancement of non-modal instability, accompanied by distinctive chordwise disturbance growth compared to lower freestream turbulence intensity levels. Moreover, increasing the turbulence intensity level in the presence of roughness not only bypasses the modal instability observed without the addition of turbulence but also suppresses laminar separation.
Probing Sequence-Structure Paradigms in Complex Carbohydrates – A Case Study on Rhamnogalacturonan-II
Authors: Bharadwaj Vivek , Koj Sabina , Bu Lintao , Crowley Michael , Sharma Deepak , Urbanowicz Breeanna , O'Neill Malcolm , Pena Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Polysaccharides are a class of important biomolecules whose structure and function are dictated by the specific sequence of, and linkage between individual constituent carbohydrate residues. Rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) is the most complex polysaccharide known in Nature and plays an indispensable role in the growth and development of all vascular plants. RG-II is characterized by the presence of 12 different monosaccharides connected via a multiplicity of glycosidic linkages. The constituent monosaccharide units are arranged into 6 different sidechains along a polygalacturonic-acid backbone connected by α-1-4 linkages. While the side-chain constituent residues are known, their relative locations along the backbone have not yet been resolved. In this study, we grow, isolate, and characterize RG-II from celery cells and use solution-based NMR in concert with molecular dynamics simulations on 8 distinct structural variants to identify and propose the first atomistic 3-D structure of RG-II that best represents the experimental NOE data. We parameterize the forcefields for unique sugars and linkages and employ replica-exchange molecular dynamics to adequately sample the complex conformational landscape for RG-II. Our biophysical approach provides a foundation to establish sequence-structure relationships for RG-II and enable the tools and metrics to relate its structure to its function.
A Hybrid K-means Method based on Modified Rat Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Data Clustering
Authors: Lou Taishan , Guan Guanguang , Yue Zhepeng , Wang Yu , Tong Shihao 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The original K-means clustering algorithm is prone to local optima and sensitive to the initial clustering center, which have a great impact on accuracy and stability of clustering results in practical applications. To overcome this limitation, an innovative K-means clustering method based on modified rat swarm optimization (RSO) algorithm is proposed. A nonlinear convergence factor is introduced into the RSO to adjust convergence speed of different data sets and improve the global search ability. Then, a reverse initial population strategy is adopted to increase population diversity, thus improving the robustness of the algorithm to the initial conditions. The modified RSO algorithm is used to find the initial optimal cluster centroid, and then K-means algorithm is used to refine the optimized initial cluster centroid to improve the clustering accuracy. The experimental results show that compared with the original K-means clustering algorithm, the improved algorithm has achieved significant improvement in each index of iris, wine and glass datasets, which proves the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm. This paper presents a new hybrid clustering algorithm which combines the improved swarm intelligent optimization algorithm with K-means clustering algorithm. This method effectively solves the problem that K-means clustering algorithm is sensitive to the initial cluster center. In this study, a novel optimization algorithm improvement strategy, namely reverse elite population strategy and nonlinear convergence factor, is adopted.
Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors Among Women of Reproductive Age Attending ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Sindew 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Anaemia in women of reproductive age caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a double burden and has negative consequences on newborns. Anaemia is a public health problem, and there is little insight into the factors associated with anaemia among women of reproductive age who live with HIV in developing countries. Hence, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among women of reproductive age attending assisted therapy (ART) clinics in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 7, 2021, to August 23, 2021, in six public hospitals in Addis Ababa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 239 study participants. The data were collected using a checklist and interview. The data were subsequently entered into the EPI-data manager database and exported to SPSS 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were also performed. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI was retrieved, and a p value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results
The overall incidence of anaemia was 23% [95% CI (18.5–28.4)], which was significantly associated with a current CD4 count < 500 cells/mm3 (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.44); middle age (AOR = 6.73, 95% CI = 1.86–24.44); duration of ART < 5 years (AOR = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.0-0.38); opportunistic infection (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.02-052); marital status (AOR = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.001–0.06); and occupation (no job) status (AOR = 10.85, 95% CI = 2.74–42.9).
Conclusion
The overall incidence of anaemia in the study area was moderate. Age, marital status, occupation, current CD4 count, opportunistic infection status, and duration of ART were factors significantly associated with anaemia. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of anaemia and coinfections are essential.
Sex-dependent effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia: Implication for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Mabry Steve , Bradshaw Jessica L. , Gardner Jennifer J. , Wilson E. Nicole , Cunningham Rebecca 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects 10–26% of adults in the United States with known sex differences in prevalence and severity. OSA is characterized by elevated inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and cognitive dysfunction. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the role of sex in the OSA phenotype. Prior findings suggest women exhibit different OSA phenotypes than men, which could result in under-reported OSA prevalence in women. To examine the relationship between OSA and sex, we used chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) to model OSA in rats. We hypothesized that CIH would produce sex-dependent phenotypes of inflammation, OS, and cognitive dysfunction, and these sex differences would be dependent on mitochondrial oxidative stress (mtOS).
Methods
Adult male and female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIH or normoxia for 14 days to examine the impact of sex on CIH-associated circulating inflammation (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), circulating OS, and behavior (recollective and spatial memory; gross and fine motor function; anxiety-like behaviors; and compulsive behaviors). A subset of rats was implanted with osmotic minipumps containing either a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant (MitoTEMPOL) or saline vehicle 1 week prior to CIH initiation to examine how inhibiting mtOS would affect the CIH phenotype.
Results
Sex-specific differences in CIH-induced inflammation, OS, motor function, and compulsive behavior were observed. In female rats, CIH increased inflammation (plasma IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio) and impaired fine motor function. Conversely, CIH elevated circulating OS and compulsivity in males. These sex-dependent effects of CIH were blocked by inhibiting mtOS. Interestingly, CIH impaired recollective memory in both sexes but these effects were not mediated by mtOS. No effects of CIH were observed on spatial memory, gross motor function, or anxiety-like behavior, regardless of sex.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that the impact of CIH is dependent on sex, such as an inflammatory response and OS response in females and males, respectively, that are mediated by mtOS. Interestingly, there was no effect of sex or mtOS in CIH-induced impairment of recollective memory. These results indicate that mtOS is involved in the sex differences observed in CIH, but a different mechanism underlies CIH-induced memory impairments.
Human Data on Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Cannabinoids: A Narrative
Review
Authors: Maldonado Cecilia , Peyraube Raquel , Fagiolino Pietro , Oricchio Florencia , Cuñetti Leticia , Vázquez Marta 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Concomitant use of cannabinoids with other drugs may result in pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions,
mainly due to the mechanism involving Phase I and Phase II enzymes and/or efflux transporters. Cannabinoids
are not only substrates but also inhibitors or inducers of some of these enzymes and/or transporters.
This narrative review aims to provide the available information reported in the literature regarding human data
on the pharmacokinetic interactions of cannabinoids with other medications. A search on Pubmed/Medline,
Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library was performed. Some studies were identified with Google search. Additional
articles of interest were obtained through cross-referencing of published literature. All original research
papers discussing interactions between cannabinoids, used for medical or recreational/adult-use purposes, and
other medications in humans were included. Thirty-two studies with medicinal or recreational/adult-use cannabis
were identified (seventeen case reports/series, thirteen clinical trials, and two retrospective analyses). In
three of these studies, a bidirectional pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction was reported. In the rest of the
studies, cannabinoids were the perpetrators, as in most of them, concentrations of cannabinoids were not measured.
In light of the widespread use of prescribed and non-prescribed cannabinoids with other medications,
pharmacokinetic interactions are likely to occur. Physicians should be aware of these potential interactions and
closely monitor drug levels and/or responses. The existing literature regarding pharmacokinetic interactions is
limited, and for some drugs, studies have relatively small cohorts or are only case reports. Therefore, there is a
need for high-quality pharmacological studies on cannabinoid-drug interactions.
Tackling Nontuberculous Mycobacteria by Repurposable Drugs and
Potential Leads from Natural Products
Authors: Amruta Adhikrao Patil , Mayuri Motiram Gudle , Kumar Gautam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) refer to bacteria other than all Mycobacterium species that do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy, excluding the species of the Mycobacterium tu-berculosis complex, M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. NTM are ubiquitous and present in soils and natural waters. NTM can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. The direct inocu-lum of the NTM from water or other materials is most likely a source of infections. NTMs are re-sponsible for several illnesses, including pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, cystic fibrosis, bronchi-ectasis, chronic obstructive pneumoconiosis, and pulmonary disease. Recent reports suggest that NTM species have become insensitive to sterilizing agents, antiseptics, and disinfectants. The ef-ficacy of existing anti-NTM regimens is diminishing and has been compromised due to drug re-sistance. New and recurring cases of multidrug-resistant NTM strains are increasing. Thus, there is an urgent need for ant-NTM regimens with novel modes of action. This review sheds light on the mode of antimicrobial resistance in the NTM species. Then, we discussed the repurposable drugs (antibiotics) that have shown new indications (activity against NTM strains) that could be developed for treating NTM infections. Also, we have summarised recently identified natural leads acting against NTM, which have the potential for treating NTM-associated infections.
Utilizing Pharmacogenomic Data for a Safer Use of Statins among the
Emirati Population
Authors: Alqasrawi Mais N. , Al-Mahayri Zeina N. , Alblooshi Hiba , Alsafar Habiba , Ali Bassam R. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Statins are the most prescribed lipid-lowering drugs worldwide. The associated
adverse events, especially muscle symptoms, have been frequently reported despite their perceived
safety. Three pharmacogenes, the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
(SLCO1B1), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), and cytochrome P450 9C9
(CYP2C9) are suggested as safety biomarkers for statins. The Clinical Pharmacogenomic Implementation
Consortium (CPIC) issued clinical guidelines for statin use based on these three genes.

Objectives:
The present study aimed to examine variants in these pharmacogenes to predict the safety
of statin use among the Emirati population.

Methods:
Analyzing 242 whole exome sequencing data at the three genes enabled the determination
of the frequencies of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), annotating the haplotypes and the
predicted functions of their proteins.

Results:
In our cohort, 29.8% and 5.4% had SLCO1B1 decreased and poor function, respectively. The
high frequency warns of the possibility of significant side effects of some statins and the importance
of pharmacogenomic testing. We found a low frequency (6%) of the ABCG2:rs2231142 variant,
which indicates the low probability of Emirati patients being recommended against higher rosuvastatin
doses compared with other populations with higher frequencies of this variant. In contrast, we
found high frequencies of the functionally impaired CYP2C9 alleles, which makes fluvastatin a less
favorable choice.

Conclusion:
Among the sparse studies available, the present one demonstrates all SLCO1B1 and
CYP2C9 function-impairing alleles among Emiratis. We highlighted how population-specific pharmacogenomic
data can predict safer choices of statins, especially in understudied populations.
Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Polyethylene Alkyne Class Phytochemical ‘Atractylodin’ in Medicine for the Treatment of Cancer and other Human Complications
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar , Patel Kanika 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Atractylodes lancea Thunb. (Asteraceae) is a commonly used medicinal
plant for gastric and appetite-associated complications in traditional Chinese medicine. The rhizome
of Atractylodes lancea has been widely used for the treatment of human complications. Atractylodin
has anti-angiogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-pyretic and anti-hypertensive
potential in medicine. Nano-formulations of atractylodin were also prepared in the scientific field
to enhance its water solubility and efficacy in cholangiocarcinoma.

Methods:
Health-beneficial aspects of atractylodin in medicine have been investigated in the present
work through collected scientific information on atractylodin from different literature databases. Scientific
data on atractylodin has been collected from Google, Science Direct, Scopus, and PubMed.
Further, detailed pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of atractylodin were discussed in
this paper in order to know its biological potential in medicine. Analytical techniques of atractylodin
were also discussed in the present work for separation, isolation, and identification of atractylodin.

Results:
Scientific data analysis signified the biological importance of Atractylodes lancea Thunb.
and its active phytochemical atractylodin in medicine. Scientific data signified the presence of atractylodin
in Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes chinensis, Atractylodes japonica, Atractylodes macrocephala,
Atractylodes ovate and Atractylodis Rhizoma. Atractylodin has a significant biological
effect on cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, cancer anorexiacachexia
syndrome, colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory complications, GIT complications, hepatic
complications, atopic dermatitis, aging process, neurodegenerative disease, calcified aortic valve
disease, hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, body temperature, olfactory neurons, podocyte hypermotility
and toxicity. Further, its anti-nociceptive, anti-fibrotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-virulence, antibacterial,
insecticidal, lipase inhibitory potential, immunomodulatory, and positive inotropic effects
were also discussed in the present paper. Analytical techniques for the separation, isolation and identification
of atractylodin in different samples were also discussed in the present work.

Conclusion:
The present work's scientific data signified the biological importance of atractylodin in
medicine.
Insights from Overviewing Selective International Guidelines for Pediatric
Asthma
Authors: Hon Kam Lun Ellis , Ng Daniel K.K. , Chiu Wa Keung , Leung Alexander K.C. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Asthma is a chronic atopic and inflammatory bronchial disease characterized by recurring symptoms and, episodic reversible bronchial obstruction and easily triggered
bronchospasms. Asthma often begins in childhood. International guidelines are widely accepted
and implemented; however, there are similarities and differences in the management approaches.
There is no national guideline in many cities in Asia. This review aims to provide a practical perspective on current recommendations in the management of childhood asthma, specifically in the
following aspects: diagnosis, classification of severity, treatment options, and asthma control, and
to provide physicians with up-to-date information for the management of asthma

Methods:
We used the PubMed function of Clinical Queries and searched keywords of "Asthma",
"Pediatric," AND "Guidelines" as the search engine. "Clinical Prediction Guides", "Etiology",
"Diagnosis", "Therapy," "Prognosis," and "Narrow" scope were used as filters. The search was
conducted in November 2022. The information retrieved from this search was used in compiling
the present article.

Results:
Diagnosis is clinically based on symptom pattern, response to therapy with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids, and spirometric pulmonary function testing (PFT). Asthma is classified in accordance with symptom frequency, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), atopic versus nonatopic etiology, where atopy means a predisposition toward a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction. Asthma is also classified as intermittent or persistent (mild to severe). Unfortunately, there is no disease cure for asthma. However, symptoms can
be prevented by trigger avoidance and suppressed with inhaled corticosteroids. Antileukotriene
agents or long-acting beta-agonists (LABA) may be used together with inhaled corticosteroids if
symptoms of asthma are not controlled. Rapidly worsening symptoms are usually treated with an
inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA, e.g., salbutamol) and oral corticosteroids. Intravenous
corticosteroids and hospitalization are required in severe cases of asthma attacks. Some guidelines
also provide recommendations on the use of biologics and immunotherapy.

Conclusion:
Asthma is diagnosed clinically, with supporting laboratory testing. Treatment is
based on severity classification, from intermittent to persistent. Inhaled bronchodilator and steroid
anti-inflammatory form the main stay of management.