bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal and External Mycoflora of the American Dog Tick,
Dermacentor variabilis
(Acari: Ixodidae), and Its Ecological Implications
Authors: Yoder Jay A. , Hanson Peter E. , Zettler Lawrence W. , Benoit Joshua B. , Ghisays Fiorella , Piskin Kurt A. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis
, the anamorph of
Microascus brevicaulis
(Microascaceae, Ascomycota), has been identified in the body contents of the tick
Dermacentor variabilis
. After topical application of the fungal inoculum, tick mortality was marked. This is the first account describing the internal mycoflora of
D. variabilis
with a novel technique used to recover potential biological control agents.
Microbial Isotopic Fractionation of Perchlorate Chlorine
Authors: Coleman Max L. , Ader Magali , Chaudhuri Swades , Coates John D. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
Perchlorate contamination can be microbially respired to innocuous chloride and thus can be treated effectively. However, monitoring a bioremediative strategy is often difficult due to the complexities of environmental samples. Here we demonstrate that microbial respiration of perchlorate results in a significant fractionation (∼−15‰) of the chlorine stable isotope composition of perchlorate. This can be used to quantify the extent of biotic degradation and to separate biotic from abiotic attenuation of this contaminant.
Characterization ofAnaplasma marginaleIsolated from North American Bison
Authors: de la Fuente José , Golsteyn Thomas Elizabeth J. , Van Den Bussche Ronald A. , Hamilton Robert G. , Tanaka Elaine E. , Druhan Susan E. , Kocan Katherine M. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTAnaplasma marginale(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), a tick-borne pathogen of cattle, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Although serologic tests have identified American bison,Bison bison, as being infected withA. marginale, the present study was undertaken to confirmA. marginaleinfection and to characterize isolates obtained from naturally infected bison in the United States and Canada. Major surface protein (MSP1a and MSP4) sequences of bison isolates were characterized in comparison with New World cattle isolates. Blood from one U.S. bison was inoculated into a susceptible, splenectomized calf, which developed acute anaplasmosis, demonstrating infectivity of thisA. marginalebison isolate for cattle. The results of this study showed that theseA. marginaleisolates obtained from bison were similar to ones from naturally infected cattle.
Boundaries for Biofilm Formation: Humidity and Temperature
Authors: Else Terry Ann , Pantle Curtis R. , Amy Penny S. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT
Environmental conditions which define boundaries for biofilm production could provide useful ecological information for biofilm models. A practical use of defined conditions could be applied to the high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Data for temperature and humidity conditions indicate that decreases in relative humidity or increased temperature severely affect biofilm formation on three candidate canister metals.
Effects of Essential Oils on Ruminal Microorganisms and Their Protein Metabolism
Authors: McIntosh F. M. , Williams P. , Losa R. , Wallace R. J. , Beever D. A. , Newbold C. J. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

A commercial blend of essential oil (EO) compounds was added to a grass, maize silage, and concentrate diet fed to dairy cattle in order to determine their influence on protein metabolism by ruminal microorganisms. EO inhibited (
P
< 0.05) the rate of deamination of amino acids. Pure-culture studies indicated that the species most sensitive to EO were ammonia-hyperproducing bacteria and anaerobic fungi.
Chlorination and Cleavage of Lignin Structures by Fungal Chloroperoxidases
Authors: Ortiz-Bermúdez Patricia , Srebotnik Ewald , Hammel Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Two fungal chloroperoxidases (CPOs), the heme enzyme from
Caldariomyces fumago
and the vanadium enzyme from
Curvularia inaequalis
, chlorinated 1-(4-ethoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dihydroxypropane, a dimeric model compound that represents the major nonphenolic structure in lignin. Both enzymes also cleaved this dimer to give 1-chloro-4-ethoxy-3-methoxybenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-ethoxy-5-methoxybenzene, and they depolymerized a synthetic guaiacyl lignin. Since fungal CPOs occur in soils and the fungi that produce them are common inhabitants of plant debris, CPOs may have roles in the natural production of high-molecular-weight chloroaromatics and in lignin breakdown.
Structures of the Mating-Type Loci of
Cordyceps takaomontana
Authors: Yokoyama Eiji , Yamagishi Kenzo , Hara Akira 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

Nucleotide sequences of the mating-type loci
MAT1-1
and
MAT1-2
of
Cordyceps takaomontana
were determined, which is the first such report for the clavicipitaceous fungi.
MAT1-1
contains two mating-type genes,
MAT1-1-1
and
MAT1-1-2
, but
MAT1-1-3
could not be found. On the other hand,
MAT1-2
has
MAT1-2-1.
A pseudogene of
MAT1-1-1
is located next to
MAT1-2
.
Detection of Bacteria Carrying the
stx
2
Gene by In Situ Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Maruyama Fumito , Kenzaka Takehiko , Yamaguchi Nobuyasu , Tani Katsuji , Nasu Masao 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACT

A new in situ DNA amplification technique for microscopic detection of bacteria carrying a specific gene is described. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was used to detect
stxA
2
in
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 cells. The mild permeabilization conditions and low isothermal temperature used in the in situ LAMP method caused less cell damage than in situ PCR. It allowed use of fluorescent antibody labeling in the bacterial mixture after the DNA amplification for identification of
E. coli
O157:H7 cells with an
stxA
2
gene. Higher-contrast images were obtained with this method than with in situ PCR.
Reduction of ExperimentalSalmonellaandCampylobacterContamination of Chicken Skin by Application of Lytic Bacteriophages
Authors: Goode D. , Allen V. M. , Barrow P. A. 
Published: August 2003

ABSTRACTLytic bacteriophages, applied to chicken skin that had been experimentally contaminated withSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis orCampylobacter jejuniat a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, increased in titer and reduced the pathogen numbers by less than 1 log10unit. Phages applied at a MOI of 100 to 1,000 rapidly reduced the recoverable bacterial numbers by up to 2 log10units over 48 h. When the level ofSalmonellacontamination was low (< log102 per unit area of skin) and the MOI was 105, no organisms were recovered. By increasing the number of phage particles applied (i.e., MOI of 107), it was also possible to eliminate otherSalmonellastrains that showed high levels of resistance because of restriction but to which the phages were able to attach.
QUANTUM WELL INFRARED PHOTOCONDUCTORS IN INFRARED DETECTORS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: ROGALSKI A. 
Published: August 2003

Investigations of the performance of quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) as compared to other types of semiconductor infrared (IR) detectors are presented. In comparative studies both photon and thermal detectors are considered. More attention is paid to photon detectors and between them we can distinguish: HgCdTe photodiodes, InSb photodiodes, Schottky barrier photoemissive detectors, and doped silicon detectors. Special attention has been paid to competitive technologies in long wavelength IR (LWIR) and very LWIR (VLWIR) spectral ranges with emphasis on the material properties, device structure, and their impact on FPA performance. The potential performance of different materials as infrared detectors is examined utilizing the α/G ratio, where α is the absorption coefficient and G is the thermal generation. From the discussion results, LWIR QWIP cannot compete with HgCdTe photodiode as the single device especially at higher temperature operation(> 70 K) due to fundamental limitations associated with intersubband transitions. However, the advantage of HgCdTe is less distinct in the temperature range below 50 K due to problems involved in the HgCdTe material (p-type doping, Shockley–Read recombination, trap-assisted tunneling, surface and interface instabilities). Even though the QWIP is a photoconductor, several its properties such as high impedance, fast response time, long integration time, and low power consumption, well comply with requirements for large FPAs fabrication. Due to the high material quality at low temperature, QWIP has potential advantages over HgCdTe for VLWIR FPA applications in terms of the array size, uniformity, yield and cost of the systems. Both HgCdTe photodiodes and quantum well infrared photodetectors offer multicolor capability in the MWIR and LWIR range. Powerful possibilities of QWIP technology are connected with VLWIR FPA applications and with multicolor detection. QWIP FPAs combine the advantages of PtSi Schottky barrier arrays (high uniformity, high yield, radiation hardness, large arrays, lower cost) with the advantages of HgCdTe (high quantum efficiency and long wavelength response).
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Matev Boris 
Published: August 2003

During a 15-year period, 145 patients presenting with cubital tunnel syndrome were operated upon. They are divided into two groups: (1) Primary tunnel syndrome — 27 cases (18.6%), with a "pure" past history, and (2) secondary — 118 cases (81.4%) with the lesion occurring after a known causative event. Investigation of 100 healthy persons, 50 men and 50 women (200 extremities) show, when elbow flexes, the ulnar nerve moves around the epicondyle in 50% of men, whereas in the remainder nerve subluxation or dislocation anteriorly to the epicondyle occurs. In women, the figures are 72% and 28%, respectively. Apparently in men, the nerve being more mobile is more sensitive to gliding impairment in the tunnel compared to women. In the series of 145 patients, there is a 4.5 : 1 men-to-women ratio, the men being affected much more often. The role of traction in the pathomechanic is further suggested by two facts: the presence of elbow flexion contracture (52%) of the patients and firm ulnar nerve adhesions to the tunnel wall (73%). Skin electroresistance assessment using a high-sensitivity microamperimeter was conducted in 100 patients. Skin electroresistance may remain within normal limits even in cases of expressed sensory and motor impairment. This points to the great resistance of sympathetic fibres against the compression and traction within the canal. Concerning the type of anterior transfer, a combined procedure was used by placing the nerve subcutaneously for the proximal part, and intramuscularly for the distal one. Nerve recovery may proceed even ten years after anterior transfer.
Reconstructive Procedure to Repair Chronic Injuries to the Collateral Ligament of Metacarpophalangeal Joints of the Hand
Authors: Oka Yoshinori , Harayama Hiroki , Ikeda Masayoshi 
Published: August 2003

We have devised a reconstructive procedure to repair chronic injuries to the collateral ligament of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. It comprises palmaris longus tendon grafting into a bone tunnel and suturing onto the base of the residual ligament without involving fixation of the tendon graft stump. Thirteen patients were treated for injured MCP joints: thumb/ulnar, ten cases; thumb/radial, two; and middle finger/radial, one. All patients had pain and instability of average 41° in the affected MCP joints. The patients were followed at an average period of five years and nine months. Pain and joint instability disappeared in all patients. The mean MCP joint range of motion (ROM) was 1° on extension and 58° on flexion. The tip pinch strength averaged 4.8 kg. The gratifying results obtained using this method are attributed to the fact that optimal tension of the ligament and satisfactory ROM can be achieved during the course of rehabilitation.
Ginkgo bilobaExtract Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Generation, Transcription Factor Activation, and Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Chen Jaw-Wen , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Lin Feng-Yan , Chen Yuh-Lien , Lin Shing-Jong 
Published: August 2003

Objective—This study was conducted to examination whetherGinkgo bilobaextract (GBE), a Chinese herb with antioxidant activity, could reduce cytokine-induced monocyte/human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) interaction, a pivotal early event in atherogenesis.Methods and Results—Pretreatment of HAECs with GBE (50 and 100 μg/mL for 18 hours) significantly suppressed cellular binding between the human monocytic cell line U937 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated HAECs by using in vitro binding assay (68.7% and 60.1% inhibitions, respectively). Cell enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analysis showed that GBE (50 μg/mL for 18 hours) significantly attenuated TNF-α–induced cell surface and total protein expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (63.5% and 69.2%, respectively;P<0.05). However, pretreatment with probucol (5 μmol/L for 18 hours) reduced the expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 but not intracellular adhesion molecule-1. Preincubation of HAECs with GBE or probucol significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation induced by TNF-α (76.8% and 68.2% inhibitions, respectively;P<0.05). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that both GBE and probucol inhibited transcription factor nuclear factor-κB activation in TNF-α–stimulated HAECs (55.2% and 65.6% inhibitions, respectively) but only GBE could inhibit the TNF-α–stimulated activator protein 1 activation (45.1% inhibition,P<0.05).Conclusions—GBE could reduce cytokine-stimulated endothelial adhesiveness by downregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, nuclear factor-κB and activator protein 1 activation, and adhesion molecule expression in HAECs, supporting the notion that the natural compoundGinkgo bilobamay have potential implications in clinical atherosclerosis disease.
Primary prophylaxis with warfarin prevents thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Authors: Hall Claire , Richards Stephen , Hillmen Peter 
Published: August 2003

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia in which venous thrombosis is the most common cause of death. Here we address the risk factors for thrombosis and the role of warfarin prophylaxis in PNH. The median follow-up of 163 PNH patients was 6 years (range, 0.2-38 years). Of the patients, 29 suffered thromboses, with a 10-year incidence of 23%. There were 9 patients who presented with thrombosis, and in the remainder the median time to thrombosis was 4.75 years (range, 3 months-15 years). The 10-year risk of thrombosis in patients with large PNH clones (PNH granulocytes &gt; 50%) was 44% compared with 5.8% with small clones (P &lt; .01). Patients with large PNH clones and no contraindication to anticoagulation were offered warfarin. There were no thromboses in the 39 patients who received primary prophylaxis. In comparison, 56 patients with large clones and not taking warfarin had a 10-year thrombosis rate of 36.5% (P = .01). There were 2 serious hemorrhages in more than 100 patient-years of warfarin therapy. Large PNH granulocyte clones are predictive of venous thrombosis, although the exact cut-off for clone size is still to be determined. Primary prophylaxis with warfarin in PNH prevents thrombosis with acceptable risks. (Blood. 2003;102:3587-3591)
Transient down-modulation of CD20 by rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jilani Iman , O'Brien Susan , Manshuri Taghi , Thomas Deborah A. , Thomazy Vilmos A. , Imam Maha , Naeem Sana , Verstovsek Srdan , Kantarjian Hagop , Giles Francis , Keating Michael , Albitar Maher 
Published: August 2003

AbstractLymphoid cells in most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), when treated with rituximab, become CD20-. This is thought to be due to masking of CD20 by rituximab. We used specific antimouse immunoglobulin antibodies to detect rituximab on the surface of CLL lymphocytes and we demonstrate that rituximab is rarely detectable after therapy. Only 3 of 65 patients with CLL had rituximab detectable on their lymphocytes after rituximab therapy despite the fact that most had no detectable CD20 expression. In vitro mixing of CLL or Raji cells with rituximab demonstrated that rituximab was detectable on the surface of cells due to its binding to CD20. However, the addition of plasma led to the down-modulation of CD20 expression, and the rituximab became undetectable. This down-modulation of CD20 protein expression was associated with a down-modulation of CD20 mRNA. CLL cells that lost their CD20 expression regained CD20 expression after 24 hours in culture. These data suggest that rituximab therapy leads to a substantial but transient down-modulation of CD20 expression and that negativity for CD20 in cells from patients treated with rituximab is not necessarily due to CD20 masking. The importance of this down-modulation in the efficacy of current therapy with rituximab needs further investigation. (Blood. 2003;102: 3514-3520)
Comparative analysis of genes regulated by PML/RARα and PLZF/RARα in response to retinoic acid using oligonucleotide arrays
Authors: Park Dorothy J. , Vuong Peter T. , de Vos Sven , Douer Dan , Koeffler H. Phillip 
Published: August 2003

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is associated with chromosomal translocations involving retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and its fusion partners including promyelocytic leukemia (PML) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF). Using oligonucleotide arrays, we examined changes in global gene expression mediated by the ectopic expression of either PML/RARα (retinoid-sensitive) or PLZF/RARα (retinoid-resistant) in U937 cells. Of more than 5000 genes analyzed, 16 genes were commonly up-regulated, and 57 genes were down-regulated by both fusion proteins suggesting their role in the APL phenotype. In our APL model, for example, TNFAIP2, TNFR2, ELF4, RARγ, and HoxA1 were down-regulated by both fusion proteins in the absence of retinoic acid (RA). RA strongly up-regulated these genes in PML/RARα, but not in PLZF/RARα expressing U937 cells. Expression studies in NB4, retinoid-resistant NB4-R2, normal human CD34+ cells, and APL patient samples strongly suggest their role in the regulation of granulocytic differentiation. Furthermore, combined treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and RA synergistically enhanced granulocytic differentiation in NB4 cells but not in NB4-R2 cells. Our data indicate that APL pathogenesis and retinoid-induced granulocytic differentiation of APL cells involve genes in the cell death pathway, and that cooperation between the RA and TNFα signaling pathways exists. Targeting both the retinoid-dependent differentiation and the cell death pathways may improve leukemic therapy, especially in retinoid-resistant acute myeloid leukemia. (Blood. 2003;102:3727-3736)
Physical proximity and functional interplay of PECAM-1 with the Fc receptor FcγRIIa on the platelet plasma membrane
Authors: Thai Le M. , Ashman Leonie K. , Harbour Stacey N. , Hogarth P. Mark , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: August 2003

AbstractWe and others have recently defined that Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) functions as a negative regulator of platelet-collagen interactions involving the glycoprotein VI/Fc receptor gamma chain (GPVI/FcR-γ chain) signaling pathway.1,2 In this study, we hypothesized that PECAM-1 may be physically and functionally associated with FcγRIIa on the platelet membrane. The functional relationship between PECAM-1 and FcγRIIa was assessed by determining the effect of anti-PECAM-1 monoclonal antibody Fab fragments on FcγRIIa-mediated platelet aggregation and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HITS)-mediated platelet aggregation. Preincubation of washed platelets with monoclonal antibody fragments of 2BD4 directed against PECAM-1 and IV.3 directed against FcγRIIa completely blocked FcγRIIa-mediated platelet aggregation and HITS-mediated platelet aggregation, whereas anti-CD151 antibody had no blocking effect. Coengagement of FcγRIIa and PECAM-1 resulted in negative regulation of FcγRIIa-mediated phospholipase Cγ2 activation, calcium mobilization, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, the physical proximity of FcγRIIa and PECAM-1 was confirmed by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and coimmunoprecipitation studies. These results indicate that PECAM-1 and FcγRIIa are colocalized on the platelet membrane and PECAM-1 down-regulates FcγRIIa-mediated platelet responses. (Blood. 2003;102:3637-3645)
In human B cells, IL-12 triggers a cascade of molecular events similar to Th1 commitment
Authors: Durali Deniz , de Goër de Herve Marie-Ghislaine , Giron-Michel Julien , Azzarone Bruno , Delfraissy Jean-François , Taoufik Yassine 
Published: August 2003

AbstractTwo functionally distinct subsets of B cells that produce Th1- and Th2-like patterns of cytokines have recently been identified. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a critical immunoregulatory cytokine that promotes Th1 differentiation through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4). IL-12 has been reported to induce interferon γ (IFN-γ) production in B cells, but the relevant signaling pathways are poorly documented. Here, in human primary B cells, we found a functional IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) that internalizes following IL-12 binding. IFN-γ and, to a lesser extent, IL-12 positively regulated the IL-12Rβ2 subunit but had no effect on IL-12Rβ1. On examining the effect of IL-12 on STAT4 and T-bet (2 key factors involved in IFN-γ promoter activation), we found that IL-12 induced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT4. IL-12-dependent constitutive STAT4 activation was also observed in the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell line RPMI 8866 that spontaneously produces IL-12. T-bet expression has been shown to be dependent on STAT1. IL-12 had no direct effect on STAT1 activation or T-bet expression in primary B cells. In contrast, IL-12-induced IFN-γ led to STAT1 activation, strong expression of T-bet, and IFN-γ expression. IL-12 therefore initiates a cascade of events in B cells, including STAT4 activation, IL-12Rβ2 up-regulation, IFN-γ production, and T-bet up-regulation, potentially leading to Th1-like differentiation. (Blood. 2003;102:4084-4089)