bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mushroom body volumes and visual interneurons in ants: Comparison between sexes and castes
Authors: Ehmer Birgit , Gronenberg Wulfila 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe mushroom bodies are brain centers involved in complex behaviors such as learning and orientation. Here we examine the organization of mushroom bodies in ants, focusing on visual input. We describe the structure of visual neurons and compare the volume of brain structures involved in visual processing, especially the optic lobes and parts of the mushroom bodies receiving visual input in males, winged females, and workers of carpenter ants (Camponotus). A relatively small number of neurons connect the medulla with the mushroom bodies, and these neurons have relatively large dendritic fields in the medulla, suggesting low spatial resolution in ants. These neurons terminate in different yet overlapping strata in the mushroom bodies' collar region. While males have larger optic lobes than workers, their collar region is smaller than in females. Male ants have an additional type of medulla‐mushroom body neuron with dendrites probing the distal medulla. These neurons are absent in female and worker ants. Most mushroom body Kenyon cells that are postsynaptic to visual input neurons appear to integrate visual as well as antennal input. This is in contrast to honey bees, where visual input to the mushroom bodies is more prominent and where Kenyon cells are not known to combine visual and antennal input. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:198–213, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling elastic shells immersed in fluid
Authors: Givelberg Edward 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe describe a numerical method to simulate an elastic shell immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid. The method is developed as an extension of the immersed boundary method using shell equations based on the Kirchhoff‐Love and the planar stress hypotheses. A detailed derivation of the shell equations used in the numerical method is presented. This derivation, as well as the numerical method, uses techniques of differential geometry. Our main motivation for developing this method is its use in constructing a comprehensive, three‐dimensional computational model of the cochlea (the inner ear). The central object of study within the cochlea is the basilar membrane, which is immersed in fluid and whose elastic properties rather resemble those of a shell. We apply the method to a specific example, which is a prototype of a piece of the basilar membrane, and study the convergence of the method in this case. Some typical features of cochlear mechanics are already captured in this simple model. In particular, numerical experiments have shown a traveling wave propagating from the base to the apex of the model shell in response to external excitation in the fluid. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steady transonic shocks and free boundary problems in infinite cylinders for the Euler equations
Authors: Chen Gui‐Qiang , Feldman Mikhail 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe establish the existence and stability of multidimensional transonic shocks (hyperbolic‐elliptic shocks) for the Euler equations for steady compressible potential fluids in infinite cylinders. The Euler equations, consisting of the conservation law of mass and the Bernoulli law for velocity, can be written as a second order nonlinear equation of mixed elliptic‐hyperbolic type for the velocity potential. The transonic shock problem in an infinite cylinder can be formulated into the following free boundary problem: The free boundary is the location of the multidimensional transonic shock which divides two regions of C1,α flow in the infinite cylinder, and the equation is hyperbolic in the upstream region where the C1,α perturbed flow is supersonic. We develop a nonlinear approach to deal with such a free boundary problem in order to solve the transonic shock problem in unbounded domains. Our results indicate that there exists a solution of the free boundary problem such that the equation is always elliptic in the unbounded downstream region, the uniform velocity state at infinity in the downstream direction is uniquely determined by the given hyperbolic phase, and the free boundary is C1,α, provided that the hyperbolic phase is close in C1,α to a uniform flow. We further prove that, if the steady perturbation of the hyperbolic phase is C2,α, the free boundary is C2,α and stable under the steady perturbation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
On the continuity of the solution operator to the wave map system
Authors: D'Ancona Piero , Georgiev Vladimir 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigate the continuity properties of the solution operator to the wave map system from ℝ × ℝn to a general nonflat target of arbitrary dimension, and we prove by an explicit class of counterexamples that this map is not uniformly continuous in the critical norms on any neighborhood of 0. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic approach to practice‐based evidence in a psychological therapies service
Authors: Lucock Mike , Leach Chris , Iveson Steve , Lynch Karen , Horsefield Carrie , Hall Patricia 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a systematic approach to generating practice‐based evidence in a United Kingdom adult psychological therapies service. Routine clinical outcomes using standardized measures at referral, assessment, the beginning of therapy, discharge and 6‐month follow‐up are reported. The system is integrated into the clinical service in many ways including contributing to risk assessment and feeding back clinical outcome data to the therapists. A number of issues related to such an approach are discussed in the light of the clinical governance and clinical effectiveness agendas in the UK NHS. These include practical constraints, the costs, getting staff on board, attrition from such services and service user involvement. Such an approach provides a framework for routine, systematic and integrated service evaluation that can be fed back to therapists. It contributes to the evidence for the effectiveness of psychological therapies in routine clinical settings and also provides opportunities to link evidence with practice in more creative ways to enhance therapists' reflection on their practice. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stakeholder frames in the mapping of the Lower Kishon River basin conflict
Authors: Shmueli Deborah F. , Ben‐Gal Michal 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe authors applied a framing approach to a long‐standing controversy over the elimination of pollution in the Lower Kishon River basin of
northern Israel. Framing was used not only to analyze, map, and evaluate the dispute but also to intervene within the context of a conflict assessment.
The experience demonstrates the utility of framing elicitation and evaluation for understanding environmental conflicts.
1D‐Polyoxometalate‐Based Composite Compounds − Design, Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of [{Ln(NMP)6}(PMo12O40)]n (Ln = La, Ce, Pr; NMP = N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)
Authors: Niu Jing‐Yang , Wei Mei‐Lin , Wang Jing‐Ping , Dang Dong‐Bin 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe structures of three 1:1 composite compounds prepared with the polyoxometalate (POM) [PMo12O40]3− and the cations [Ln(NMP)6]3+ [Ln = La (1), Ce (3), Pr (2); NMP = N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone] exhibit two types of zig‐zag chains with alternating cations and anions through Mo−Ot−Ln−Ot−Mo links in the crystal. The compounds were characterized by IR, UV, and ESR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, and by a study of their thermal properties. In all the compounds, the La3+, Pr3+, and Ce3+ centers are eight‐coordinate with the oxygen atoms in bicapped trigonal‐prismatic geometries. The variation of the average Ln−O separations along the La, Ce, and Pr series is consistent with the effects of the lanthanide contraction. The results of the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses and the IR spectroscopic studies are in agreement and both show the metal cation units are coordinatively bonded to the Keggin clusters. The UV spectra of the title compounds suggest that their structures are entirely disrupted in dilute solution. Low‐temperature ESR spectra indicate that thermal electron delocalization occurs among the Mo atoms in the three compounds. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) show that compounds 1, 2, and 3 all undergo five two‐electron reversible reductions and that the [PMo12O40]3− anions are the active centers for electrochemical redox reactions in solution, while the corresponding cations have only a small effect on the electrochemical properties. Studies of magnetic properties show that 1 is diamagnetic, while 2and 3 exhibit antiferromagnetic Pr−Pr or Ce−Ce exchange interactions. In addition to the results of CV, the average bond lengths and the magnetic properties of compound 3 indicate that the oxidation state of cerium is III in the compound of formula [{Ce(NMP)6}(PMo12O40)]n. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, and Magnetic Properties of FeII and CoII Quinoline‐2‐carboxylates − Crystal Structure of trans‐Bis(quinoline‐2‐carboxylato)bis(propanol)iron(II)
Authors: Dobrzyńska Danuta , Duczmal Marek , Jerzykiewicz Lucjan B. , Warchulska Jolanta , Drabent Krzysztof 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe new coordination compounds, [Fe(quin‐2‐c)2(EtOH)2] (1), [Co(quin‐2‐c)2(EtOH)2] (2), and [Fe(quin‐2‐c)2(PrOH)2] (3) (where quin‐2‐c = quinoline‐2‐carboxylate) have been synthesized and investigated by ligand field, IR, Raman, and Mössbauer spectroscopy and by magnetic measurements. The X‐ray analysis of the structure of 3 has been performed and refined to an R factor of 0.0377. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 6.104(1), b = 10.515(2), c = 19.339(4) Å, β = 92.57(3)°. The trans N2O4 environment around the FeII ion has a distorted octahedral geometry and the quin‐2‐c ion coordinates to iron in the equatorial plane in a chelating mode. The axial positions are occupied by propan‐1‐ol molecules. The spectral studies indicate the same molecular structure for all three compounds. The magnetic susceptibility and the magnetization of 2 were calculated for Co2+ ions in an octahedral crystal field with a rhombic zero field distortion (|D| = 34 cm−1, E ≈︁ 0, giso = 2.35 and N = 6.9·10−4 emu·mol−1). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescent Properties of Three Metal‐Cluster Based Coordination Polymers Containing Mixed Organic Ligands
Authors: Tao Jun , Yin Xin , Wei Zan‐Bin , Huang Rong‐Bin , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThree novel metal‐cluster based coordination polymers (MCCPs) with formulae [Zn4(μ3‐OH)2(H2O)2(sip)2(4,4′‐bpy)2]·3H2O (MCCP‐4), [Cd4(μ3‐OH)2(H2O)2(sip)2(4,4′‐bpy)4]·H2O (MCCP‐5) and [Cd6(μ3‐OH)4(μ2‐OH2)2(OH2)2 (nip)4(4,4′‐bpy)3]·3H2O (MCCP‐6) [H2sip = 5‐sulfoisophthalic acid, H2nip = 5‐nitroisophthalic acid and 4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridyl] were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. MCCP‐4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$
with a = 10.106(2), b = 10.851(2), c = 11.125(2) Å, α = 105.66(3), β = 112.63(3), γ = 98.18(3)°, V = 1041.8(4) Å3, and Z = 2. MCCP‐5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 25.602(1), b = 16.571(1), c = 13.322(1) Å, β = 92.524(1)°, V = 5646.4(2) Å3, and Z = 4. MCCP‐4 and ‐5 consist of similar [M4(μ3‐OH)2]6+ tetranuclear building units that are joined through sip and 4,4′‐bpy ligands to generate a two‐dimensional structure (MCCP‐4) and a three‐dimensional structure (MCCP‐5), respectively. MCCP‐6 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$
with a = 14.295(2), b = 14.472(2), c = 20.204(3) Å, α = 73.362(3), β = 82.200(3), γ = 62.769(2)°, V = 3560.9(10) Å3, and Z = 2. MCCP‐6 contains unprecedented [Cd6(μ3‐OH)4(μ2‐OH2)2]8+ hexanuclear building units which are linked through nip and 4,4′‐bpy ligands to afford a two‐dimensional structure. The infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability and photoluminescence of the three complexes were studied. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
In Quest of the Double Rotaxane Formation of the Bis(coronand) (1,5),(2,4)‐Durenetetrayl‐bis(18‐crown‐5) with Organomagnesium Compounds
Authors: van Klink Gerard P. M. , Nomoto Tateo , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Akkerman Otto S. , Bickelhaupt Friedrich 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe interaction between the title compound, bis(coronand) 8,and the diarylmagnesium compounds Ph2Mg and (p‐tBuC6H4)2Mg in diethyl ether leads to the formation of 1:2 complexes (9 and 10, respectively), irrespective of the initial ratio of the components. In [D8]toluene, the three complex types can be discerned by 1H NMR spectroscopy: double side‐on (9a, 10a), side‐on/rotaxane (9b, 10b), and, to a very minor extent, double rotaxane (9c, 10c). In the case of 10a and 10b, the temperature dependence showed that rotaxane formation is enthalpically favored at the expense of a more negative entropy. As crystals suitable for structure determination could not be obtained from 9 and 10, the interaction of 8 with the sterically less demanding Hg(SCN)2 was studied. In this case, analogous pseudorotaxanes are formed exclusively, and both the 1:2 complex [8·{Hg(SCN)2}2] (11) and its 1:1 analogue 12 were observed. The double rotaxane structure of 11 was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure determination. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Theoretical Study of the Exchange Coupling in Hydroxo‐ and Alkoxo‐Bridged Dinuclear Oxovanadium(IV) Compounds
Authors: Rodríguez‐Fortea Antonio , Alemany Pere , Alvarez Santiago , Ruiz Eliseo 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA density functional study of exchange coupling in hydroxo‐ and alkoxo‐bridged dinuclear oxovanadium(IV) compounds is presented. Coupling constants calculated for full unmodeled structures are in good agreement with experimentally reported values, confirming the ability of the computational strategy used in this work to predict the exchange coupling in dinuclear VIV compounds. The influence of the configuration of the [VO(μ‐OR)2VO]2+ core in compounds with two edge‐sharing octahedrally coordinated oxovanadium(IV) centers, of the nature of the terminal ligands and of structural distortions on the coupling constant have been analyzed through model calculations. The results indicate that the coupling constant is less affected by these factors than for hydroxo‐ and alkoxo‐bridged CuII compounds. The calculations support the orbital models usually employed in qualitative interpretations of magneto‐structural correlations, showing good correlations between the calculated coupling constants and the overlap between the two magnetic orbitals or the square of the orbital gap. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Application of Prussian Blue Based Composite Film with Functionalized Organic Polymer to Construction of Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor
Authors: Derwinska Katarzyna , Miecznikowski Krzysztof , Koncki Robert , Kulesza Pawel J. , Glab Stanislaw , Malik Marcin A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe describe and characterize an amperometric biosensor utilizing the electrocatalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at a glassy carbon electrode modified with a novel composite film of Prussian Blue and polypyrrole derivative, polymerized 4(pyrrole‐1‐yl) benzoic acid, overcoated with the covalently bound glucose oxidase enzyme. The addition of a functionalized organic component to Prussian Blue permits permanent attachment of an enzyme, exhibits an overall stabilizing effect, and it seems to support fast propagation of charge within the Prussian Blue based composite film. Preliminary diagnostic experiments have been done using cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry and rotating disk volatmmetry. The rate of hydrogen peroxide reduction at the composite film in the potassium containing phosphate buffer (pH 6) is expected to be very fast because the overall process is controlled by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide in solution. The fact that the reduction of enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide proceeds at a fairly negative potential, 0 V (vs. SCE) (pH 6), makes the system largely free of common interferences (e.g., ascorbic acid or uric acid). The proposed biosensor permitted reproducible and reliable determinations of glucose in real (i.e., in pharmaceutical and food) samples also under the flow‐injection analysis conditions. The detection limit and sensitivity have been found to be on the level of 1×10−5 mol dm−3 and 0.7 μA/1 mmol dm−3 (2.5 μA/cm2/1 mmol dm−3), respectively.
Phenoxazine Functionalized, Exfoliated Graphite Based Electrodes for NADH Oxidation and Ethanol Biosensing
Authors: Ramesh P. , Sivakumar P. , Sampath S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractExfoliated graphite (EG) particles covalently functionalized with phenoxazine‐based molecules have been used to prepare bulk‐modified electrodes. The electrodes are of two types: 1) binder‐less covalently modified EG pellets and 2) sol‐gel derived composites of silicate and modified EG particles. The covalent modification is confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemistry of attached molecules has been carried out to decipher the catalytic activity of immobilized phenoxazines towards NADH oxidation. Fast response time of about 4–6 seconds and a low detection limit of 20 μM have been achieved using these electrodes. The sensor is found to yield a linear range of current response versus concentration between 0.02 and 1 mM of NADH. Biosensing in presence of alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme and NAD+ shows a linear response between 1 and 13 mM and the response time for alcohol sensing is found to be 20–30 s. These electrodes are found to be very stable during operation and can be stored without any deterioration over a period of several months.
PCR‐Genosensor Rapid Test for Detecting Salmonella
Authors: Pividori M. Isabel , Merkoçi Arben , Barbé Jordi , Alegret Salvador 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA PCR‐genosensor based assay for detecting the IS200 DNA sequence specific to Salmonella spp is reported. This rapid test is based on PCR, where amplicon detection is achieved electrochemically using GEC (graphite‐epoxy composite) genosensor. The amplicon is immobilized onto GEC electrodes by simple dry‐adsorption and the detection is carried out using an enzymatic labeling system. Results demonstrate that this new electrochemical genosensor fulfils the requirements desired for these devices: easy preparation – as dry‐adsorption of DNA is very simple –, robustness, sensitivity, low cost, simple use and fast response. Additionally, the assay can be produced as a kit format, increasing its commercial potentiality. Also, the electrode material can be implemented for screen‐printing procedures for the mass production of genosensors.
Rapid Amperometric Immunoassay for Escherichia coli Based on Graphite Coated Nylon Membranes
Authors: Shah Jasmin , Chemburu Sireesha , Wilkins Ebtisam , Abdel‐Hamid Ihab 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAn amperometric immunosensor for rapid detection of bacteria has been developed. A graphite‐coated nylon membrane serves as a support for antibody immobilization and as a working electrode. The different parameters affecting sensor preparation such as, selection of the conductive material, pore size of the nylon membrane, number of coatings and the ratios of the graphite to the binder were optimized. A “sandwich” immunoassay scheme was used and amperometric detection of captured bacteria was conducted by the electro‐reduction of iodine formed as the product of a peroxidase catalyzed reaction. This approach has been used for detection of total Escherichia coli with a low detection limit of 40 cells/mL. The developed system can be easily adapted for rapid analysis of different pathogenic microorganisms.
A transformation‐free HOC scheme for steady convection–diffusion on non‐uniform grids
Authors: Kalita Jiten C. , Dass Anoop K. , Dalal D. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA higher order compact (HOC) finite difference solution procedure has been proposed for the steady two‐dimensional (2D) convection–diffusion equation on non‐uniform orthogonal Cartesian grids involving no transformation from the physical space to the computational space. Effectiveness of the method is seen from the fact that for the first time, an HOC algorithm on non‐uniform grid has been extended to the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations. Apart from avoiding usual computational complexities associated with conventional transformation techniques, the method produces very accurate solutions for difficult test cases. Besides including the good features of ordinary HOC schemes, the method has the advantage of better scale resolution with smaller number of grid points, with resultant saving of memory and CPU time. Gain in time however may not be proportional to the decrease in the number of grid points as grid non‐uniformity imparts asymmetry to some of the associated matrices which otherwise would have been symmetric. The solution procedure is also highly robust as it computes complex flows such as that in the lid‐driven square cavity at high Reynolds numbers (Re), for which no HOC results have so far been seen. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low‐dimensional description of transient shear‐thinning free‐surface flow in thin cavities, as applied to injection molding
Authors: Zhang Sheng X. , Khayat Roger E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA spectral methodology is proposed to examine the influence of shear thinning on the transient free‐surface flow inside a three‐dimensional thin cavity. The problem is closely related to the filling stage during the injection molding process. The moving domain is mapped onto a rectangular domain at each time step of the computation. A modified pressure is introduced that is governed by the Laplace's equation. The flow field is expanded in Fourier series along the lateral direction in the mapped domain, and the Galerkin projection is used to derive the equations that govern the expansion coefficients, which are solved using a variable‐step finite‐difference scheme. This approach is valid for simple and complex cavities as illustrated for the cases of a flat plate with variable and constant thickness. It is shown that, even for highly non‐linear shear‐thinning flow, only a few modes are needed for convergence. Shear thinning generally influences the flow behaviour. However, shear thinning may enhance or prohibit the flow, depending whether the flow rate at the entrance of the cavity is fast or slow, respectively. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.