bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extending the ‘stressy’ edge: molecular chaperones flirting with RNA
Authors: Henics Tamás 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA number of intriguing observations have emerged during the past years indicating that certain classes of the evolutionarily highly conserved heat shock or stress proteins extend their molecular partnerships beyond the originally recognized protein world. In this review, following a brief introduction to the 70‐kDa family of stress proteins, we summarize the main aspects of RNA recognition and binding by this class of molecules. By highlighting some biochemical features of both the protein and RNA partners, we attempt to embed the central parts of this interaction in the context of potential physiological relevance. As perhaps true for many newly recognized molecular interactions, the phenomenon of RNA recognition and binding by molecular chaperones discussed in this review calls for a place of ever‐growing importance in the functional genomic era, where an expanding number of previously unsuspected molecular partnerships are uncovered by virtue of powerful high throughput methodologies. We suggest that integration of this new knowledge into the long‐outlined ‘classical’ network of cellular metabolism at both the biochemical and architectural level is pivotal to the emerging ‘synthesis era’ of today's cell biology.
Early intervention for relapse in schizophrenia: results of a 12-month randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: GUMLEY A. , O'GRADY M. , MCNAY L. , REILLY J. , POWER K. , NORRIE J. 
Published: April 2003

Background. The paper describes a randomized controlled trial of targeting cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) during prodromal or early signs of relapse in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that CBT would result in reduced admission and relapse, reduced positive and negative symptoms, and improved social functioning.Method. A total of 144 participants with schizophrenia or a related disorder were randomized to receive either treatment as usual (TAU) (N=72) or CBT+TAU (N=72). Participants were prospectively followed up between entry and 12 months.Results. At 12 months, 11 (15·3%) participants in the CBT group were admitted to hospital compared to 19 (26·4%) of the TAU group (hazard ratio=0·53, P=0·10, 95% CI 0·25, 1·10). A total of 13 (18·1%) participants in CBT relapsed compared to 25 (34·7%) in TAU (hazard ratio=0·47, P<0·05, 95% CI 0·24, 0·92). In addition, the CBT group showed significantly greater improvement in positive symptoms, negative symptoms, global psychopathology, performance of independent functions and prosocial activities.Conclusions. The study provides evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness for targeting CBT on the appearance of early signs of relapse in schizophrenia. The results are discussed in context of the study's methodological limitations.
Potential roles of galectins in myeloid differentiation into three different lineages
Authors: Abedin Mohammad J , Kashio Yumiko , Seki Masako , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Hirashima Mitsuomi 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Little is known about the roles of galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, in myeloid cell differentiation. In the present experiments, we used HL-60 cells as a model of myeloid cell differentiation. The HL-60 cells were differentiated into eosinophil-, monocyte-, and neutrophil-like cells by coculture with sodium butyrate under a mild alkaline condition, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. Thus, the expression of galectins in HL-60 cells during differentiation into three different lineages was assessed. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that undifferentiated HL-60 cells expressed galectin-1, -3, -8, -9, and -10 (identical to Charcot Leyden crystal) mRNAs, and galectin-2, -4, and -7 were negligible before and after the differentiations. We failed to detect evident changes in the mRNA levels of galectin-1 and -8 during the diferentiations. However, during the eosinophilic differentiation, galectin-9 mRNA expression was gradually decreased, whereas galectin-10 mRNA expression was increased. During the course of monocytic differentiation, galectin-9 mRNA expression was down-regulated, whereas galectin-3 mRNA expression was up-regulated. Moreover, only galectin-10 mRNA expression was enhanced in the process of neutrophilic differentiation. These changes in galectin expressions were confirmed by Western blot and flow cytometry analyses. It is thus suggested that changes in the expressions of galectin-3, -9, and -10 are potentially important for myeloid cell differentiation into specific lineages.
Analysis of mannose receptor regulation by IL-4, IL-10, and proteolytic processing using novel monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Martinez-Pomares Luisa , Reid Delyth M , Brown Gordon D , Taylor Philip R , Stillion Richard J , Linehan Sheena A , Zamze Susanne , Gordon Siamon , Wong Simon Y C 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
The study of the murinemacrophage mannose receptor (MR) has been hampered by the lack of specific reagents. We have generated and characterized novel anti-MR monoclonal antibodies and used them to analyze MR expression in primary mouse macrophages (MØ). In BioGel- and thioglycollate-elicited MØ, interleukin (IL)-4 up-regulated total cell-associated MR (cMR), correlating with enhanced surface expression. We investigated the influence of IL-10, a well-characterized deactivator of MØ function, on MR levels and observed that it had a similar effect to IL-4. In both cases, enhanced cMR levels translated into increased production of the soluble form of the receptor (sMR). We have demonstrated the presence of sMR in cultures of stable non-MØ transductants expressing full-length MR, indicating that the proteolytic activity responsible for cMR cleavage is not MØ-restricted. These data support a role for the MR in T helper cell type 2 cytokine-driven, immune responses and suggest a non-MØ contribution to sMR production in vivo.
Preparation of Nanocrystalline Titanium Oxide by Decomposition of Molecular Precursor α-(NH4)2TiO(SO4)2
Authors: Zhang Qinghong , Gao Lian 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Hydroxy-free anatase TiO2 nanocrystals (25 nm) with photocatalytic activities higher than that of commercial photocatalyst Degussa P-25, were prepared by nonhydrolytic thermolysis of ammonium titanyl sulfate at 700 °C for 2 h.
Synthesis of Maleic Anhydrides and Maleic Acids by Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Dicarbonylation of Alk‐1‐ynes
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Salerno Giuseppe , Costa Mirco , Chiusoli Gian Paolo 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe have found that carbon dioxide effectively promotes the Pd‐catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of terminal alkynes to give maleic anhydrides in fair yields. Reactions were carried out in aqueous dioxane at 60−80 °C in the presence of catalytic amounts of PdI2 in conjunction with KI and under a 4:1:10 mixture of CO/air/CO2 (60 atm total pressure at 25 °C). By working in the presence of a large excess of water, maleic acids were formed selectively with unprecedented catalytic efficiencies for this kind of reaction. In the latter case, the use of an excess of carbon dioxide tended to inhibit, rather than promote, the reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Biochemical properties of the cell wall in the Arabidopsis mutant bor1‐1 in relation to boron nutrition
Authors: Noguchi Kyotaro , Ishii Tadashi , Matsunaga Toshiro , Kakegawa Koichi , Hayashi Hiroaki , Fujiwara Toru 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe examined concentrations of boron (B) and dimerization of rhamnogalacturonan II (RG‐II), a B‐binding polysaccharide, in the cell wall of a low‐B sensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, bor1‐1, to investigate possible effects of the bor1‐1 mutation on the biochemical form of pectins in the cell wall. In the bor1‐1 mutant, B concentrations in the cell wall from shoots were lower than those in the wild type at low B supply, whereas they were similar at sufficient B supply. The amount of B present as borate ester of the RG‐II dimer (dRG‐II‐B) in the bor1‐1 mutant was lower than that in the wild type at low B supply. In the wild type, about 90 % of RG‐II was present as dRG‐II‐B, both, at low and sufficient B supply. In the bor1‐1 mutant, about 60 % of RG‐II was in its monomeric form (mRG‐II) at low B supply, whereas more than 85 % of it was present as dRG‐II‐B at sufficient B supply. However, similar as the wild type, mRG‐II derived from the bor1‐1 mutant was able to form dRG‐II‐B in vitro in the presence of borate and lead. Sugar composition of cell wall fractions was similar in both genotypes. These results suggest that the polysaccharide composition in the cell wall was not strongly affected by the bor1‐1 mutation. The observed difference in dimerization of RG‐II at low B supply is most likely due to a reduced B concentration in the shoots of the bor1‐1 mutant.
Hydrogenation of Low Molecular Weight Polymers in Ionic Liquids and the Effects of Added Salt
Authors: MacLeod S. , Rosso R. J. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe biphasic hydrogenations of a number of polymeric materials, polybutadiene (PBD), nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR), were investigated in a toluene/N,N′‐butylmethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, (BMI+BF4−) system with a water‐soluble analogue of Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(TPPTS)3 (TPPTS=triphenylphosphine, trisulfonated) at 100 °C and 3.1 MPa. The catalyst shows reasonable activity within ionic liquids with PBD although it was necessary in the case of NBR and SBR to add water as a co‐solvent to solubilize the catalyst within the ionic media. Both the extent of hydrogenation and the ratio of the internal 1,4‐olefins to vinyl 1,2‐olefins were monitored. A clear preference for the external olefins was observed even within NBR and SBR where functionalization on the polymer might enhance the degree of hydrogenation of the internal olefins. The effect of adding NaCl to the PBD system was also investigated. The addition of salt decreases the activity of the catalyst but has no effect on the preference for the hydrogenation of vinyl olefins.
The Pauson–Khand Reaction: the Catalytic Age Is Here!
Authors: Gibson (née Thomas) Susan E. , Stevenazzi Andrea 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAs a consequence of growing environmental awareness, it is now inappropriate to design a synthetic metal‐mediated transformation that involves a noncatalytic use of toxic and expensive transition‐metal species. One of the earliest examples of such a metal‐mediated transformation is the Pauson–Khand reaction, a [2+2+1] cyclocarbonylation that generates a cyclopentenone. Despite the early descriptions by Pauson and co‐workers of catalytic versions of the reaction with octacarbonyldicobalt(0), applications of the Pauson–Khand reaction have to date almost exclusively used approaches that involve stoichiometric quantities of cobalt–carbonyl complexes. In the last decade, and, most markedly, in the last two to three years, however, there have been many exciting and novel developments in the catalytic Pauson–Khand reaction. Furthermore, asymmetric catalysis of the Pauson–Khand reaction has been shown to be a viable process. In view of the impressive developments in Pauson–Khand catalysis in the last two to three years, we present a comprehensive and critical coverage of the catalytic Pauson–Khand reaction that is designed to facilitate its application and to point to exciting future developments.
Housing, hospitalization, and cost outcomes for homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in continuum of care and housing first programmes
Authors: Gulcur Leyla , Stefancic Ana , Shinn Marybeth , Tsemberis Sam , Fischer Sean N. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThis article compares two approaches to housing chronically homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities and often substance abuse. The experimental Housing First programme offered immediate access to independent housing without requiring psychiatric treatment or sobriety; the control Continuum of Care programmes made treatment and sobriety prerequisites for housing. A total of 225 participants were interviewed prior to random assignment and every 6‐months thereafter for 2 years. Data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Participants randomly assigned to the experimental condition spent significantly less time homeless and in psychiatric hospitals, and incurred fewer costs than controls. A sub‐sample recruited from psychiatric hospitals (n = 68) spent less time homeless and more time hospitalized, and incurred more costs than a sub‐sample (n = 157) recruited from the streets. Recruitment source by programme interactions showed that the experimental programme had greater effects on reducing hospitalization for the hospital sub‐sample and reducing homelessness for the street sub‐sample. Three‐way interactions including time indicated that in the experimental group, hospitalization and homelessness declined faster for the hospital and street sub‐samples, respectively, than for comparable controls. Overall results support the Housing First approach. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of restenting should be minimized with intracoronary radiation therapy for in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Cha Dong‐Hun , Malik Ishtiaq A. , Cheneau Edouard , Ajani Andrew E. , Leborgne Laurent , Wolfram Roswitha , Porrazzo Michael , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Pichard Augusto D. , Pinnow Ellen , Lindsay Joseph , Waksman Ron 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRestenting at the time of intracoronary radiation therapy (IRT) for in‐stent restenosis (ISR) potentially increases the risk of late total occlusion (LTO) of the treated vessel. Prolonged antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel (6 months) has been shown to be effective in reducing LTO risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of restenting on clinical outcomes following IRT for ISR with 6 months of clopidogrel. We retrospectively evaluated 1,275 patients with 6‐months clinical follow‐up who were enrolled in radiation trials for ISR using γ‐ and β‐emitters conducted at Washington Hospital Center. Patients were analyzed according to whether additional stents were deployed at the time of IRT. The predominant indication for restenting was to optimize the final angiographic result in the event of tissue prolapse or to cover edge dissections. All patients received a minimum of 6 months of clopidogrel. Baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were similar between the restented and nonrestented groups. Radiation was delivered successfully in all cases. At 6 months, patients treated with additional stents and IRT had a significantly higher rate of target vessel revascularization than patients without additional stents (24.6% vs. 18.7%; P = 0.011). Restenting caused more frequent late thrombosis, late total occlusion, and Q‐wave myocardial infarction than no restenting (4.0% vs. 2.2%, P = 0.09; 6.1% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.14; and 1.9% vs. 0.4%, P = 0.009, respectively). Restenting for the treatment of ISR is associated with increased adverse events and should be avoided after intracoronary radiation therapy for in‐stent restenosis, as restenting results in a higher recurrence rate and the potential for increased late total occlusion. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:1–5. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study on transradial approach vs. transfemoral approach in primary stent implantation for patients with acute myocardial infarction: Results of the test for myocardial infarction by prospective unicenter randomization for access sites (TEMPURA) trial
Authors: Saito Shigeru , Tanaka Shinji , Hiroe Yoshitaka , Miyashita Yusuke , Takahashi Saeko , Tanaka Kazushi , Satake Shutaro 
Published: April 2003

AbstractTransradial coronary intervention (TRI) can be performed in elective patients with low incidence of access site complications. However, the feasibility of primary stent implantation by TRI is still not clear in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We prospectively randomized 149 patients out of 213 patients with AMI within 12 hr from onset into two groups: 77 patients treated by TRI (TRI group) and 72 patients by transfemoral coronary intervention (TFI; TFI group). We compared the incidences of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; repeat MI, target lesion revascularization, and cardiac death) during the initial hospitalization and 9‐month follow‐up periods in both groups. There were one patient who crossed over to the opposite arm, and two patients with severe bleeding complications in the TFI group. Background characteristics of patients were similar between the two groups. The success rate of reperfusion and the incidence of in‐hospital MACE were similar in both groups (96.1% and 5.2% vs. 97.1% and 8.3% in TRI and TFI groups, respectively). In selected patients with AMI, primary stent implantation by TRI is feasible as compared to TFI. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:26–33. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cleavage of Aromatic Methyl Ethers by Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid Reagents
Authors: Kemperman Gerardus J. , Roeters Theodorus A. , Hilberink Peter W. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe have discovered serendipitously that chloroaluminate ionic liquids can cleave aromatic methyl ethers under surprisingly mild conditions. Three ionic liquids, viz. [TMAH][Al2Cl7], [BMIM][Al2Cl7], and [EMIM][Al2Cl6I], and aluminum chloride were compared in the selective demethylation of 4,5‐dimethoxyindanone at the 4‐methoxy‐function. The ionic liquids exhibited a remarkably high selectivity (96:4) in comparison with aluminum chloride (70:30). In addition, the reaction time was drastically shortened when the ionic liquids were used. Interestingly, the three ionic liquids displayed the same reactivity in the demethylation of 4,5‐dimethoxyindanone. Considering the lower cost and the bulk availability of the precursors of [TMAH][Al2Cl7], we conclude that this is the most attractive ionic liquid from an industrial point of view. To make the large‐scale application of [TMAH][Al2Cl7] feasible, we have developed a safe upscalable method for its preparation. Furthermore, the scope of ether cleavage by the ionic liquid reagent [TMAH][Al2Cl7] was investigated and it was found that aromatic methyl‐, allyl‐, and benzyl‐ether cleavage is applicable to a variety of heterocyclic compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Synthesis of Novel Sugar Amino Acids by Curtius Rearrangement
Authors: van Well Renate M. , Overkleeft Herman S. , van Boom Jacques H. , Coop Andrew , Wang Jia Bei , Wang Hongyan , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Overhand Mark 
Published: April 2003

AbstractSugar amino acids (SAAs) bearing an amine group on the anomeric position are a challenging class of SAAs to synthesize due to the inherent instability of glycosylamines. We developed a novel synthetic strategy towards both furanoid and pyranoid δ‐SAAs of this type, based on a Curtius rearrangement. The latter reaction, which is known to proceed with retention of configuration, was performed on carboxylic acids derived from the oxidation of glycosidic primary hydroxyls. Leu‐enkephalin analogs were prepared by replacing the Gly‐Gly moiety in the parent Leu‐enkephalin pentapeptide with the furanoid and pyranoid δ‐SAA. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
OPEP: A tool for the optimal partitioning of electric properties
Authors: Ángyán János G. , Chipot Christophe , Dehez François , Hättig Christof , Jansen Georg , Millot Claude 
Published: April 2003

AbstractOPEP is a suite of FORTRAN programs targeted at the optimal partitioning of molecular electric properties. It includes an interactive module for the construction of Cartesian grids of points, on which either the molecular electrostatic potential or the induction energy is mapped. The generation of distributed multipoles and polarizabilities is achieved using either the formalism of the normal equations of the least‐squares problem, which restates the fitting procedure in terms of simple matrix operations, or a statistical approach, which provides a pictorial description of the distributed models of multipoles and polarizabilities, thereby allowing the pinpointing of pathological cases. Molecular symmetry is accounted for by means of local atomic frames, which are generated in an automated fashion. A Tcl/Tk graphical user interface wraps the suite of programs, thereby making OPEP a user‐friendly package for building models of distributed multipoles and polarizabilities. OPEP is an open‐source suite of programs distributed free of charge under the GNU general public license (GPL) athttp://www.lctn.uhp‐nancy.fr/Opep. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 24: 997–1008, 2003
Initial experiences with in vivo intravascular coronary vessel wall imaging
Authors: Botnar René M. , Bücker Arno , Kim W. Yong , Viohl Ingmar , Günther Rolf W. , Spuentrup Elmar 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate potential use of a loopless internal receiver coil for in vivo coronary artery vessel wall imaging in five domestic swine.Materials and MethodsIntravascular free‐breathing black blood coronary vessel wall imaging was performed using a previously described double inversion fast spin echo technique after x‐ray guided placement of an internal receiver coil in or in close proximity to the target vessel (LAD, LCX).ResultsImage quality using the phased array coil was reproducible, while image quality with the internal receiver coil was heavily dependent on coil position with respect to the examined artery, and likely also dependent on blood flow and/or cardiac‐related coil motion. With internal coil placement in the left circumflex coronary artery, images of the left anterior descending vessel wall appeared similar or superior compared to commercially available phased array surface coil images. With coil placement in the target vessel itself, imaging was suboptimal because of the extremely high signal intensity (hotspot) in close proximity to the vessel wall, leading to low contrast between the vessel wall and the surrounding tissues and blood.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo intravascular coronary vessel wall imaging. Continued research is necessary to minimize coil motion and optimize coil sensitivity algorithms. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:615–619. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional tumor imaging with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Choyke Peter L. , Dwyer Andrew J. , Knopp Michael V. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is the acquisition of serial MRI images before, during, and after the administration of an MR contrast agent. Unlike conventional enhanced MRI, which simply provides a snapshot of enhancement at one point in time, DCE‐MRI permits a fuller depiction of the wash‐in and wash‐out contrast kinetics within tumors, and thus provides insight into the nature of the bulk tissue properties. Such data is readily amenable to two‐compartment pharmacokinetic modeling from which parameters based on the rates of exchange between the compartments can be generated. These parameters can be used to generate color‐encoded images that aid in the visual assessment of tumors. DCE‐MRI is used currently to characterize masses, stage tumors, and noninvasively monitor therapy. While DCE‐MRI is in clinical use, there are also a number of limitations, including overlap between malignant and benign inflammatory tissue, failure to resolve microscopic disease, and the inconsistent predictive value of enhancement pattern with regard to clinical outcome. Current research focuses on improving understanding of the meaning of DCE‐MRI at a molecular level, evaluating macromolecular and targeted contrast agents, and combining DCE‐MRI with other physiologic imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography. Efforts to standardize DCE‐MRI acquisition, analysis, and reporting methods will allow wider dissemination of this useful functional imaging technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:509–520. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.