bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue sedation with dexmedetomidine for diagnostic imaging: a preliminary report
Authors: NICHOLS DAVID P. , BERKENBOSCH JOHN W. , TOBIAS JOSEPH D. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryBackground : Sedation is frequently required during noninvasive radiological imaging in children. Although commonly used agents such as chloral hydrate and midazolam are generally effective, failures may occur. The authors report their experience with dexmedetomidine for rescue sedation during magnetic resonance imaging.Methods : A retrospective chart review was undertaken.Results : The cohort included five patients ranging in age from 11 months to 16 years. Following the failure of other agents (chloral hydrate and/or midazolam), dexmedetomidine was administered as a loading dose of 0.3–1.0 μg·kg−1·min−1 over 5–10 min followed by an infusion of 0.5–1.0 μg·kg−1·h−1. The dexmedetomidine loading dose required to induce sedation was 0.78 ± 0.42 μg·kg−1 (range 0.3–1.2). The maintenance infusion rate was 0.57 ± 0.06 μg·kg−1·h−1 (range 0.48–0.69). The imaging procedures were completed without difficulty. No patient required additional bolus administrations or changes in the infusion rate. The duration of the dexmedetomidine infusion ranged from 30 to 50 min. The mean decrease in heart rate was 13.6 ± 5.1 b·min−1 (14.3 ± 5.0% from baseline; P = 0.02), the mean decrease in systolic blood pressure was 26.4 ± 15.2 mmHg (24.6 ± 12.4% decrease from baseline; P = 0.004), and the mean decrease in respiratory rate was 1.4 ± 1.5 min−1 (7.5 ± 7.9% decrease from baseline; P = NS). PECO2 exceeded 6.5 kPa (50 mmHg) in one patient [maximum 6.6 kPa (51 mmHg)] with a maximum value of 6.0 ± 0.4 kPa (46 ± 3 mmHg). Oxygen saturation decreased from 98 ± 1 to 95 ± 1%; P = 0.001. No patient developed hypoxemia (oxygen saturation less than 90%). Mean time to recovery to baseline status was 112.5 ± 50.6 min and time to discharge was 173.8 ± 83.8 min.Conclusions : Our preliminary experience suggests that dexmedetomidine may be an effective agent for procedural sedation during radiological imaging. Its potential application in this setting is discussed and other reports regarding its use in pediatric patients are reviewed.
Anesthesia for children with Wolf‐Hirshhorn syndrome: a report and literature review
Authors: MOHIUDDIN SHIREEN , MAYHEW JAMES F. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryWolf‐Hirshhorn is a rare chromosomal defect syndrome. We present two cases of children diagnosed with Wolf‐Hirshhorn syndrome, and discuss the ramifications of anesthesia for these patients.
S(+)‐ketamine for long‐term sedation in a child with retinoblastoma undergoing interstitial brachytherapy
Authors: KOZEK‐LANGENECKER SIBYLLE A. , MARHOFER PETER , SATOR‐KATZENSCHLAGER SABINE M. , DIECKMANN KARIN 
Published: February 2005

SummaryWe report the case of a 14‐month‐old child undergoing hourly pulse dose radiation therapy (interstitial brachytherapy) for 72 h in whom we employed S(+)‐ketamine for sedation during spontaneous breathing.
Anesthesia for pediatric renal transplantation with and without epidural analgesia – a review of 7 years experience
Authors: COUPE NICK , O'BRIEN MICHELLE , GIBSON PETER , DE LIMA JONATHAN 
Published: February 2005

SummaryBackground : Few objective data exist describing current anesthesia practice for pediatric renal transplantation. We describe here, the experience from an Australian tertiary pediatric center that has continued an active pediatric renal transplantation program after relocation in 1995. Areas of interest include preoperative status, fluid management, hemodynamic stability, perioperative complications, and the use of epidural analgesia. In particular, the influence of perioperative epidural analgesia on hemodynamic stability is addressed.Methods : A retrospective review of anesthesia records of all patients undergoing pediatric renal transplantation performed at the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW), from November 1995 to October 2002 was carried out.Results : Fifty‐three pediatric renal transplants were performed in 50 patients. Average age and weight were 10.2 years (range: 1–18 years) and 31.4 kg (range: 9–66 kg), respectively. A total of 14 recipients were less than or equal to 6 years of age. Twenty‐four children were recipients of cadaveric transplants, 29 children received kidneys from living related donors. Few children presented with severe anemia (two patients) gross electrolyte abnormalities (three patients) or uncontrolled hypertension. Intraoperatively, all children had central venous pressure monitoring and only four had invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring. Average intraoperative fluid administration was 88 ml·kg−1 (range: 30–190). Twenty‐three children received blood transfusions intraoperatively. Postoperative analgesia was provided using an epidural infusion in 39 patients and an opioid infusion/patient controlled analgesia in the remainder. There was a tendency to greater hemodynamic stability in the group, which received intra‐operative epidural analgesia. Half the patients who had epidural analgesia required parenteral opioid supplementation. Five patients had postoperative pulmonary edema. Minor postoperative adverse events included epidural associated motor block (three cases) and opioid related oversedation (one patient). No perioperative mortality or major morbidity was recorded.Conclusions : Anesthesia for renal transplantation in pediatric patients at CHW is safe and effective using a selected range of drugs and techniques. Pretransplant medical optimization, careful preoperative assessment, adequate monitoring and precise fluid management together with appropriate postoperative analgesia typify the perioperative care of CHW renal transplant recipients.
Recombinant factor VIIa (NovoSeven®) as a hemostatic agent after surgery for congenital heart disease
Authors: RAZON YARON , EREZ ELDAD , VIDNE BERNARDO , BIRK EINAT , KATZ JACOB , TAMARI HANNA , DAGAN OVADIA 
Published: February 2005

SummaryBackground : Postoperative bleeding and blood product requirements can be substantial in children undergoing open‐heart surgery, and reexploration is required in 1% of cases. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven®, NovoNordisk, Denmark) is a hemostatic agent approved for the treatment of hemophilic patients with inhibitors to factor VIII or factor IX. It has also been used with success in other conditions. We present our experience with rFVIIa treatment for uncontrolled bleeding after open‐heart surgery in five pediatric patients.Methods : The study group consisted of five patients after open‐heart surgery with excessive blood loss. The patients were treated with rFVIIa after failure of conventional treatment to control the bleeding. Blood loss, blood product consumption, and coagulation test results were recorded before and after rFVIIa administration.Results : In all cases, blood loss decreased considerably after rFVIIa administration (mean 7.8 ml·kg−1·h−1), almost eliminating the need for additional blood products, and the prolonged prothrombin time normalized. In two patients with thrombocytopathy, rFVIIa helped to discriminate surgical bleeding from bleeding caused by a defect in hemostasis. No side effects of rFVIIa treatment were noted.Conclusions : These cases support the impression that RFVIIa is efficient and safe in correcting hemostasis in children after cardiopulmonary bypass when other means fail. However, the data are still limited, and more extensive research is needed.
International community health networking project: two year follow‐up of graduates
Authors: Duffy M. E. , Farmer S. , Ravert P. , Huittinen L. 
Published: February 2005

Aim:  This paper presents the perceptions of graduates 2 years post‐exchange in a USA–European Union funded programme. The primary goal of this 8‐week exchange programme was to increase cultural knowledge and sensitivity by teaching a common module of community health assessment and planning to multi‐national groups of undergraduate students in four countries.Background:  Cultural diversity and globalization are among the factors that encourage faculty in nursing to develop programmes of international exchange for students. The challenge is to combine the exchange with the teaching of other courses required by the home institution during the same semester.Methods:  Twenty‐one graduates of participating USA schools responded to an open‐ended interview by telephone or email 2 years after graduation. Bennett's continuum (1993) of intercultural sensitivity was used to assess cultural development.Findings:  Graduates overwhelmingly supported international education and described its continued impact personally and professionally. Gains in cultural sensitivity were perceived as the greatest benefit and influence on their practice. The majority of graduates were believed to be in Bennett's ethnorelative categories of acceptance and adaptation. The depth and breadth of previous cultural experiences, specific host and home schools, and previous travel were found to be related to development on the intercultural sensitivity continuum.Discussion:  Most important are the findings from this evaluation that provide insight into the factors enhancing growth of intercultural sensitivity. Previous travel, characteristics of the home and host institutions, and the opportunity and willingness to be a cultural outsider were important influences.
Patterns of community relationship: nurses, non‐governmental organizations and internally displaced persons
Authors: Solheim K. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are one of the largest at‐risk populations in the world. Nurses provide health services to IDPs as staff of non‐governmental organizations (NGO). IDPs are also employed to deliver NGO services. The way that NGOs and field staff (nurses and others) interact with employed IDPs can enhance or diminish IDP quality of life.Aim: This report describes patterns of relationships in a community formed by an American NGO, its field staff and IDPs as they worked together in a refugee camp at the Thai‐Cambodian border over 13 years.Methods: This qualitative case study describes relational patterns from the NGO perspective. Content analysis was used to process data from in‐depth interviews with organizational leaders (n = 4) and organizational documents (n = 234).Findings: A health care training and service mission, carried out between an NGO, its field staff and IDPs, was based on a philosophy that turned programme activity and authority over to IDP staff. Over 400 IDPs, assisted by 235 field staff, delivered effective health care to 85 000 people over 13 years.Conclusions: Work‐centred relationships between NGOs, field staff and IDPs are significant; they can be consciously created to promote effective, autonomous IDP management of health care.
Anterior localization of maternal mRNAs in a short germ insect lacking bicoid
Authors: Bucher Gregor , Farzana Laila , Brown Susan J. , Klingler Martin 
Published: February 2005

Summary
Anterior morphogens have long been postulated to function in early pattern formation in several insect taxa. Genetic studies in Drosophila revealed that the Bicoid protein performs as such in the fly. Maternally provided bicoid (bcd) mRNA is localized at the anterior pole of the oocyte and, upon fertilization, acts as the source of a morphogenetic gradient of Bicoid protein. Despite its central role in Drosophila, it is believed that bicoid arose rather recently during dipteran evolution through duplication of the Hox3 ortholog zen.Here we show that in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, RNAs of the homologs of the Drosophila transcription factors eagle (Tc′eagle) and pangolin (Tc′pan) are maternally localized at the anterior pole of the egg. It is possible that underlying mechanisms for the anterior localization of maternal RNAs evolved independently in the two clades. However, considering the complexity of the process in Drosophila, it is more tempting to speculate that the molecular machinery evolved only once during insect evolution. Under this assumption, it was present before bicoid evolved as an anterior morphogen. To become concentrated at the anterior pole of the egg bicoid may only have had to acquire a signal sequence that was recognized by the preexisting localization machinery. Although we were not able to demonstrate a function in early embryogenesis for Tc′eagle or Tc′pan, our findings suggest that other factors likely function as anterior determinants in Tribolium, and other nondipteran insects.
Strength of clean indoor air laws and smoking related outcomes in the USA
Authors: McMullen K M , Brownson R C , Luke D , Chriqui J 
Published: February 2005

Objectives:Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is often encountered in the workplace. There have been efforts to apply and enforce state laws limiting workplace smoking. There has been little study of the relative effectiveness of state and/or local laws in affecting both rates of workplace ETS exposure and adult smoking rates. This study investigates these hypotheses, as well as the effect of these laws on youth smoking.Design:This is a secondary data analysis using sources including the Current Population Survey (CPS), Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), and the National Household Survey of Drug Abuse (NHSDA) between the years of 1996 and 1999. Linear regression models were used to investigate the effect of a state’s clean indoor air (CIA) law (using a measure of extensiveness) on the overall amount of people who reported working in a smoke-free environment, youth smoking rates and adult smoking rates.Results:The extensiveness of a state’s CIA law was found to be a reliable predictor of the percentage of indoor workers who report a smoke-free work environment and the rates of youth smoking. State CIA laws were not conclusively associated with adult smoking rates.Conclusions:The extensiveness of a state’s CIA law is strongly associated with a higher percentage of indoor workers reporting a smoke-free work environment. This study did not reveal a similar association between local laws and smoke-free work environments. Youth smoking rates, shown to be related to state CIA laws, may be further affected with more stringent CIA policy.
CONSISTENCY IN VALUES
Authors: OWEN GUILLERMO 
Published: February 2005

Given an n-person game (N, v), a reduced game (T, vT) is the game obtained if some subset T of the players assumes reasonable behavior on the part of the remaining players and uses that as a given so as to bargain within T. This "reasonable" behavior on the part of N-T must be defined in terms of some solution concept, ϕ, and so the reduced game depends on ϕ. Then, the solution concept ϕ is said to be consistent if it gives the same result to the reduced games as it does to the original game. It turns out that, given a symmetry condition on two-person games, the Shapley value is the only consistent solution on the space of TU games. Modification of some definitions will instead give the prekernel, the prenucleolus, or the weighted Shapley values. A generalization to NTU games is given. This works well for the class of hyperplane games, but not quite so well for general games.
Multi-Glycoside of <i>Tripterygium wilfordii</i> Hook f. Ameliorates Proteinuria and Acute Mesangial Injury Induced by Anti-Thy1.1 Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Wan Yigang , Gu Liubao , Suzuki Koichi , Karasawa Tamaki , Fujioka Yumiko , Han Gi Dong , Koike Hiroko , Kawachi Hiroshi , Shimizu Fujio 
Published: February 2005

<i>Background/Aims:</i> Multi-glycoside from <i>Tripterygium wilfordii </i>Hook f. (GTW) is used for various immune and inflammatory diseases including renal diseases represented by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) in China. However, there have been no fundamental studies on the operating mechanism of GTW on MsPGN. The aim of this study is to examine as the first step the effects of GTW on acute injurious process such as mesangial injury and proteinuria in an acute and reversible Thy.1.1 glomerulonephritis (Thy1.1GN) model and then to clarify the action mechanism of GTW at molecular level by examining its effects on various injurious factors in this model. <i>Methods:</i> Thy1.1 GN was induced in rats by a single intravenous injection with 500 µg of anti-Thy1.1 mAb 1-22-3. Daily oral administration of GTW and vehicle as a control was started from 3 days before injection of mAb to the day of sacrifice in each experiment. Fourteen rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, GTW-treated and vehicle-treated groups, and sacrificed on day 14 in experiment 1 or on day 7 in experiment 2 after induction of Thy1.1 GN. Proteinuria was determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 in experiment 1 or on 1, 3, 5 and 7 in experiment 2. From blood and kidneys taken at sacrifice, blood biochemical parameters, mesangial morphological changes, glomerular macrophage infiltration, and glomerular mRNA expression of cytokines were examined. <i>Results:</i> In experiment 1, proteinuria and mesangial matrix expansion were significantly attenuated by GTW treatment. In experiment 2, GTW treatment significantly ameliorated proteinuria, mesangial lesions and macrophage accumulation in glomerulus. In addition, it significantly reduced the glomerular expression of mRNA for PDGF, MCP-1 and IL-2. <i>Conclusion:</i> GTW ameliorated not only proteinuria but also mesangial alterations in Thy1.1 GN most likely by reducing expression of injurious cytokines, indicating that GTW has suppressive effects on acute inflammatory changes in glomeruli.
Study of the Effect of BDMA Catalyst in Epoxy Novolac Curing Process by Isothermal DSC
Authors: Firouzmanesh M. R. , Azar A. Aref 
Published: February 2005

Epoxy-Novolac/Anhsydride cure kinetics have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry under isothermal conditions. The system used in this study was Epoxy Novolac resin (DEN431), nadic methyl anhydride as hardener and benzyl dimethyl amine as accelerator. Kinetic parameters including the reaction order, activation energy and kinetic rate constants were investigated. The cure reaction was described with the catalyst concentration and the normalized kinetic model was developed for it. It is shown that, the cure reaction was dependent on the cure temperature and catalyst concentration and proceeded through an autocatalytic kinetic mechanism. The curing kinetic constants and the cure activation energies were obtained by the Arrhenius kinetic model. The suggested kinetic model with a diffusion term was successfully used to describe and predict the cure kinetic of Epoxy Novolac resin compositions as a function of the catalyst content and temperature.
Atlas – a data warehouse for integrative bioinformatics
Authors: Shah Sohrab P , Huang Yong , Xu Tao , Yuen Macaire MS , Ling John , Ouellette BF Francis 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
We present a biological data warehouse called Atlas that locally stores and integrates biological sequences, molecular interactions, homology information, functional annotations of genes, and biological ontologies. The goal of the system is to provide data, as well as a software infrastructure for bioinformatics research and development.

Description
The Atlas system is based on relational data models that we developed for each of the source data types. Data stored within these relational models are managed through Structured Query Language (SQL) calls that are implemented in a set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). The APIs include three languages: C++, Java, and Perl. The methods in these API libraries are used to construct a set of loader applications, which parse and load the source datasets into the Atlas database, and a set of toolbox applications which facilitate data retrieval. Atlas stores and integrates local instances of GenBank, RefSeq, UniProt, Human Protein Reference Database (HPRD), Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND), Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP), Molecular Interactions Database (MINT), IntAct, NCBI Taxonomy, Gene Ontology (GO), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), LocusLink, Entrez Gene and HomoloGene. The retrieval APIs and toolbox applications are critical components that offer end-users flexible, easy, integrated access to this data. We present use cases that use Atlas to integrate these sources for genome annotation, inference of molecular interactions across species, and gene-disease associations.

Conclusion
The Atlas biological data warehouse serves as data infrastructure for bioinformatics research and development. It forms the backbone of the research activities in our laboratory and facilitates the integration of disparate, heterogeneous biological sources of data enabling new scientific inferences. Atlas achieves integration of diverse data sets at two levels. First, Atlas stores data of similar types using common data models, enforcing the relationships between data types. Second, integration is achieved through a combination of APIs, ontology, and tools. The Atlas software is freely available under the GNU General Public License at: http://bioinformatics.ubc.ca/atlas/
The Arabidopsis Mei2 homologue AML1 binds AtRaptor1B, the plant homologue of a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth
Authors: Anderson Garrett H , Hanson Maureen R 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
TOR, the target of the antibiotic rapamycin in both yeast and mammalian cells, is a potent cell growth regulator in all eukaryotes. It acts through the phosphorylation of downstream effectors that are recruited to it by the binding partner Raptor. In Arabidopsis, Raptor activity is essential for postembryonic growth. Though comparative studies suggest potential downstream effectors, no Raptor binding partners have been described in plants.

Results
AtRaptor1B, a plant Raptor homologue, binds the AML1 (Arabidopsis Mei2-like 1) protein in a yeast two-hybrid assay. This interaction is mediated by the N-terminal 219 residues of AML1, and marks AML1 as a candidate AtTOR kinase substrate in plants. The AML1 N-terminus additionally carries transcriptional activation domain activity. Plants homozygous for insertion alleles at the AML1 locus, as well as plants homozygous for insertion alleles at all five loci in the AML gene family, bolt earlier than wild-type plants.

Conclusion
AML1 interacts with AtRaptor1B, homologue of a protein that recruits substrates for phosphorylation by the major cell-growth regulator TOR. Identification of AML1 as a putative downstream effector of TOR gives valuable insights into the plant-specific mode of action of this critical growth regulator.