bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase II Study of ET-743 in Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group Trial
Authors: Le Cesne A. , Blay J.Y. , Judson I. , Van Oosterom A. , Verweij J. , Radford J. , Lorigan P. , Rodenhuis S. , Ray-Coquard I. , Bonvalot S. , Collin F. , Jimeno J. , Di Paola E. , Van Glabbeke M. , Nielsen O.S. 
Published: January 2005

Purpose This nonrandomized multicenter phase II study was performed to evaluate the activity and safety of Ecteinascidin (ET-743) administered at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 as a 24-hour continuous infusion every 3 weeks in patients with pretreated advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Patients and Methods Patients with documented progressive advanced soft tissue sarcoma received ET-743 as second- or third-line chemotherapy. Antitumor activity was evaluated every 6 weeks until progression, excessive toxicity, or patient refusal. Results One hundred four patients from eight European institutions were included in the study (March 1999 to November 2000). A total of 410 cycles were administered in 99 assessable patients. Toxicity mainly involved reversible grade 3 to 4 asymptomatic elevation of transaminases in 40% of patients, and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was observed in 52% of patients. There were eight partial responses (PR; objective regression rate, 8%), 45 no change (NC; > 6 months in 26% of patients), and 39 progressive disease. A progression arrest rate (PR + NC) of 56% was observed in leiomyosarcoma and 61% in synovialosarcoma. The median duration of the time to progression was 105 days, and the 6-month progression-free survival was 29%. The median duration of survival was 9.2 months. Conclusion ET-743 seems to be a promising active agent in advanced soft tissue sarcoma, with no cumulative toxicities. The 6-months progression-free survival observed in advanced soft tissue sarcoma compares favorably with those obtained with other active drugs tested in second-line chemotherapy in previous European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer trials. The median overall survival was unusually long in these heavily pretreated patients mainly due to the high number of patients who benefit from the drug in terms of tumor control.
Results of Induction Chemotherapy in Children Older Than 1 Year With a Stage 4 Neuroblastoma Treated With the NB 97 French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP) Protocol
Authors: Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Michon Jean , Boneu Andrée , Rodary Chantal , Perel Yves , Bergeron Christophe , Rubie Hervé , Coze Carole , Plantaz Dominique , Bernard Frédéric , Chastagner Pascal , Bouzy Jeannine , Hartmann Olivier 
Published: January 2005

Purpose To test the metastatic response rate in stage 4 neuroblastoma, using dose-intensive induction chemotherapy in a multi-institutional setting. Patients and Methods From 1998 to 1999, 47 consecutive children were treated according to N7 protocol. Children received cyclophosphamide 140 mg/kg, doxorubicin 75 mg/m2, and vincristine 0.066 mg/kg (CAV) in cycles 1, 2, 4, and 6, and cisplatinum 200 mg/m2 and etoposide 600 mg/m2 (P/VP) in cycles 3, 5, and 7. The International Neuroblastoma Staging system was used with an emphasis on skeletal evaluation by 123-iodine-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy. A phase II study evaluating the metastasis complete response rate after induction chemotherapy was conducted in patients who had positive metastatic sites on MIBG scans at diagnosis. Results Forty-six patients were assessable for toxicity. Hematologic toxicity was the main toxicity observed. Neutropenia was more frequent after CAV than after P/VP (P < .001). A higher rate of thrombocytopenia was observed after P/VP (P = .03). Forty patients with positive MIBG were assessable for metastatic response, and complete regression of metastases was achieved in 17 patients (ie, 43%; 95% CI, 27% to 59%). Of all 47 patients, 21 achieved complete metastatic response. Conclusion The N7 induction chemotherapy protocol was feasible in a multicentric setting. The observed metastasis complete response rate was similar to that obtained in our previous studies and significantly lower than that published in a previous series using the same regimen. In our hands, escalating doses of cyclophosphamide and prolonging conventional chemotherapy with the same drugs failed to improve the metastasis complete response rate.
The importance of leg length discrepancy after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Konyves A. , Bannister G. C. 
Published: January 2005

We assessed leg length discrepancy and hip function in 90 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty before surgery and at three and 12 months after. Function was measured using the Oxford hip score (OHS). After surgery the mean OHS improved by 26 points after three months and by 30 points after 12. After operation 56 (62%) limbs were long by a mean of 9 mm and this was perceived by 24 (43%) patients after three months and by 18 (33%) after 12. The mean OHS in patients who perceived true lengthening was 27% worse than the rest of the population after three months and 18% worse after 12. In 55 (98%) patients, lengthening occurred in the femoral component. Appropriate placement of the femoral component could significantly reduce a patient’s perception of discrepancy of length.
Urinary Osteocalcin as a Marker of Bone Metabolism
Authors: Ivaska Kaisa K , Käkönen Sanna-Maria , Gerdhem Paul , Obrant Karl J , Pettersson Kim , Väänänen H Kalervo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackground: Osteocalcin (OC) is produced by osteoblasts during bone formation, and circulating OC has been used in clinical investigations as a marker of bone metabolism. OC is excreted into urine by glomerular filtration and can be found in urine as midmolecule fragments.Methods: We developed and evaluated three immunoassays (U-MidOC, U-LongOC, and U-TotalOC) for the detection of various molecular forms of urine OC (U-OC). We evaluated the association of U-OC with other markers of bone turnover and with bone mass in 1044 elderly women and studied seasonal and circadian variation of U-OC.Results: U-OC correlated with other bone turnover markers [Spearman correlation (r), 0.30–0.57; P &lt;0.0001], demonstrating the association between U-OC and skeletal metabolism. There was also a significant association between bone metabolism assessed by U-OC quartiles and bone mass assessed by total body bone mineral content (P &lt;0.0001). The seasonal effects appeared to be rather small, but we observed a significant circadian rhythm similar to the one reported for serum OC with high values in the morning and low values in the afternoon.Conclusions: The three immunoassays had unique specificities toward different naturally occurring U-OC fragments. U-OC concentrations measured with any of these assays correlated with bone turnover rates assessed by conventional serum markers of bone metabolism. The measurement of OC in urine samples could be used as an index of bone turnover in monitoring bone metabolism.
Autonome Navigation mobiler Systeme in natürlichen Umgebungen durch die Integration von 3D-Laserdaten (Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Systems in Natural Environments by Integration of 3D Laser Range Data)
Authors: Brenneke Christian , Wulf Oliver , Wagner Bernardo 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In diesem Artikel wird ein Navigationssystem vorgestellt, das den Einsatz von mobilen Servicerobotern in natürlichen Umgebungen außerhalb von Gebäuden ermöglicht. Erreicht wurde dieses Ziel durch die erfolgreiche Kombination von Umgebungsdaten eines 3D-Laserscanners mit 2D-Navigationsalgorithmen zur Kartengenerierung, Lokalisation und Wegeplanung. Speziell mit dem hier vorgestellten PixelSLAM-Algorithmus ist der Roboter in der Lage, so genannte farbige 2D-Karten zu generieren, in denen Messpunkte mit verschiedenen Attributen versehen werden können. Auf diese Weise kann die selbst generierte Karte gleichzeitig für unterschiedliche Navigationsaufgaben wie die Lokalisation oder die kollisionsfreie Wegeplanung genutzt werden. Die Funktionalität dieses Ansatzes wird anhand verschiedener experimenteller Ergebnisse demonstriert.
Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Binary Mixtures of N-Methylacetamide and Acetonitrile in Benzene Solutions Using Microwave Absorption Studies
Authors: Kumar Raman , Rangra V. S. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the dielectric relaxation times (τ) and the dipole moments (μ) of the binary mixtures of different molar concentrations of acetonitrile (CH3CN) in the binary mixtures of N-Methylacetamide (NMA) and acetonitrile (CH3CN) in benzene solutions. The physical parameters τ and μ have been calculated by using standard standing wave microwave techniques and Gopala Krishna’s single frequency (9.90 GHz) concentration variational method at different temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C). The dielectric relaxation process have been found to be an activated process. The energy parameters (ΔH, ΔF, ΔS) for the dielectric relaxation process of binary mixtures containing 30% mole-fraction of CH3CN have been calculated at the respective given temperatures and a comparison has been made with the corresponding energy parameters (ΔH
η, ΔF
η, ΔS
η) for the viscous flow. On the basis of the observations, it is found that the dielectric relaxation process can be treated as the rate process like the viscous flow process. Solute–solute and solute–solvent molecular associations have been predicted.
An ab initio DFT Characteristics of Tautomeric Properties of Hydroxyl Radical Modified Nucleosides in Polar and Non-Polar Environments
Authors: Cysewski Piotr 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
DFT ab initio calculations of 22 free radical derived nucleosides analogs were performed in gas phase and water solution. Most of studied compounds exist mainly in expected amino- and keto- forms. However, there were found few important exceptions: enol-amino tautomer of 2-OH-adenosine is dominant in apolar environment, while in polar solution keto-amino isomer become more probable; 8-oxo-guanosine is to be represented as a mixture of two tautomers: 6,8-diketo and 6-enol-8-keto with disfavoring of the latter in polar conditions, 5-OH-cytidine adopts imino-keto form in non-polar surroundings but water stabilizes amino-keto isomer reverting order of these tautomers, cytidine glycol in apolar and polar conditions is represented mainly by keto-imino form, but more polar environment increase percentage of amino-keto tautomer not reverting their order, 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydroxycytidine in both polar and non-polar conditions adopts keto-imino form, which dominates over keto-amino one, 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-cytosine in non-polar conditions exists as keto-imino tautomer while polar conditions favors keto-amino form.
A new fault diagnosis method using fault directions in Fisher discriminant analysis
Authors: He Q. Peter , Qin S. Joe , Wang Jin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMultivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) have been widely applied to the statistical process monitoring (SPM) of chemical processes and their effectiveness for fault detection is well recognized. These methods make use of normal process data to define a tight normal operation region for monitoring. In practice, however, historical process data are often corrupted with faulty data. In this paper, a new process monitoring method is proposed that is composed of three parts: (1) a preanalysis step that first roughly identifies various clusters in a historical data set and then precisely isolates normal and abnormal data clusters by the k‐means clustering method; (2) a fault visualization step that visualizes high‐dimensional data in 2‐D space by performing global Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA), and (3) a new fault diagnosis method based on fault directions in pairwise FDA. A simulation example is used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed fault diagnosis method. An industrial film process is used to illustrate a realistic scenario for data preanalysis, fault visualization, and fault diagnosis. In both examples, the contribution plots method, based on fault directions in pairwise FDA, shows superior capability for fault diagnosis to the contribution plots method based on PCA. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 555–571, 2005
Glucose control design using nonlinearity assessment techniques
Authors: Hernjak Nicholas , Doyle Francis J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe most effective control algorithm for regulation of glucose levels in persons with diabetes is determined using control‐relevant nonlinearity analysis of a diabetic system model. Theoretical control‐relevant nonlinearity analysis is performed using the Optimal Control Structure and a norm‐based nonlinearity measure. These results are correlated with results of controller performance assessment trials, based on optimizing the rejection of glucose disturbances. Performance is quantified using a standard quadratic performance objective as well as an asymmetric performance objective in which negative glucose deviations are penalized more highly than positive deviations because of the greater health concerns associated with negative deviations. The control‐relevant nonlinearity assessment indicates that the best controller design is a linear algorithm except when the desired performance is strongly asymmetric. For standard meal disturbances, the system is found to be well regulated using proportional–derivative control or standard linear model predictive control with no significant benefit observed in using nonlinear model‐based control. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 544–554, 2005
A survey of public opinion in south‐west Scotland on cetacean conservation issues
Authors: Scott N.J. , Parsons E.C.M. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
In summer 2001, 252 members of the public in south‐west Scotland were interviewed to determine their awareness of, and opinions on, cetacean conservation issues in Scotland. Interviews were conducted in both rural island and coastal communities and a major city. Interviewees were also presented with a list of threats to cetaceans and were asked to gauge how serious they considered these threats to be for cetaceans in the waters of western Scotland.
Oil spills (43.7%), reduction in available prey (41.8%), marine litter (32%) and sewage bacteria (31.1%) were ranked by most members of the public as being ‘serious threats’.
Least concern was expressed in relation to whale watching: only 0.8% of respondents considered whale watching to be a serious threat and 51.2% thought that it posed no threat at all.
In relation to the other threats considered, there was a moderate level of concern about fishery by‐catches and pollution from aquaculture and land‐based sources.
Levels of concern about disturbance caused by quarrying, dredging and military activities were generally low, despite these factors having been raised by some as being conservation issues in west Scotland.
The majority of participants (69.4%) were aware of whaling operations currently being conducted by Japan and Norway. Almost all participants were against these countries hunting whales (96.4%).
Interviewees were also asked for their opinion regarding the level of protection currently afforded to cetaceans by the Scottish Government. Virtually no interviewee considered cetaceans to be overprotected in Scotland (0.4%). A substantial proportion were of the opinion that they are not sufficiently protected (45.6%). Of these, virtually all (94.8%) thought that legislation specifically for the protection of cetaceans in Scotland should be introduced.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polychaete (Spirobranchus giganteus) loading on South African corals
Authors: Floros C.D. , Samways M.J. , Armstrong B. 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Spirobranchus giganteus is a ubiquitous serpulid polychaete that is an obligate associate of living coral. At Sodwana Bay, South Africa, it is a conspicuous associate of Acropora clathrata plates.
This study explores the relationship between S. giganteus abundance and factors hypothesized to represent stress to the corals, in particular coral bleaching, diving intensity and exposure to destructive wave action as a function of depth. In addition, plate size was investigated to increase understanding of habitat selection by S. giganteus.
There was no significant correlation between diving intensity and S. giganteus abundance on the three reefs studied, suggesting either that the current level of diving intensity causes no stress or that S. giganteus does not indicate stress.
Depth influenced the size distribution of A. clathrata plates, with the larger plates being at greatest depths (>0.4 m2 at depths >14 m).
Extremely high S. giganteus densities (most plates with number of individuals >50 m−2; maximum number of individuals 413.63 m−2 at 9 m depth on one reef) were recorded at depths >14 m, with density increasing overall with depth.
The high densities of S. giganteus on A. clathrata plates are possibly because the plates are a physically elevated platform above the reef, where factors such as predation, competition and smothering by sand are far less important than on the reef surface. In turn, upwelling of nutrients and dependent plankton may encourage S. giganteus to maintain high population levels.
Climatic or other stresses are not considered currently to be responsible for these high S. giganteus densities. Rather, the worm data reflect a healthy upwelling, which may change as the coral reef becomes stressed with global climate change.
Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric determination of atenolol in human plasma
Authors: Li Wenkui , Li Yinghe , Francisco Diane T. , Naidong Weng 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of atenolol, a β‐blocking agent, in human plasma has been developed and validated over the curve range of 10–2000 ng/mL. The assay was based on protein precipitation followed by evaporation of the extraction solvent, reconstitution with acetonitrile, and chromatography on an Hypersil silica column (50 × 4.6 mm) using a low aqueous–high organic mobile phase. The mobile phase consists of 85% acetonitrile, 15% water, 0.5% acetic acid and 0.04% triﬂuoroacetic acid and runs isocratically at a ﬂow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The column efﬂuent was split so that 50% of it was transferred into the LC‐MS/MS interface operated in positive electrospray ionization mode. The chromatographic run time was 2.0 min per injection. Atenolol and the internal standard, atenolol‐d7, showed a retention time of 1.0 min. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples were <5.3% relative standard deviation and <8.0% relative error, respectively. To explore the application of the current method for the analysis of other β‐blocking agents, propranolol and metoprolol were tested under the same chromatographic conditions with retention times of 0.68 and 0.75 min, respectively. The present method could be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, pharmacokinetic and drug–drug interaction studies of β‐blocking agents. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of unbound cocaine in blood, brain and bile of anesthetized rats using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Yen‐Fei , Chang Chun‐Hao , Wang Shau‐Chun , Tsai Tung‐Hu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractTo investigate the disposition of unbound cocaine in the rat blood, brain and bile, we demonstrate an in vivo multiple sampling microdialysis system coupled with liquid chromatography for cocaine assay and veriﬁed by tandem mass spectrometry. Three microdialysis probes were concurrently inserted into the jugular vein, bile duct and brain striatum of each anesthetized rat. After a period of 2 h post‐surgical stabilization, cocaine (10 mg kg−1) was administered through the femoral vein. Separation of unbound cocaine from various biological ﬂuids was applied to a reversed‐phase C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm I.D., 5 µm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–10 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (25:75, v/v, pH 4.0) and 0.8% diethylamine at a ﬂow rate of 1 mL min−1. The UV detector wavelength was set at 235 nm. The results indicate that cocaine penetrates the blood–brain barrier with a rapid distribution. However, unbound cocaine in the bile dialysate was not detectable in the UV detection. We therefore use LC–tandem mass spectrometry to detect the bile ﬂuid after cocaine administration (3 mg kg−1, i.v.). The results indicate that cocaine goes through hepatobiliary excretion. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting protein–protein interaction in live yeast by flow cytometry
Authors: Dye Billy T. , Schell Kathleen , Miller David J. , Ahlquist Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most commonly used organism for studying protein– protein interactions. In this report we demonstrate the use of flow cytometry in observing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between cyan and yellow fluorescent fusion proteins (CFP and YFP, respectively) as a marker for protein interaction in live yeast cells. Probability binning is also employed to provide a statistical confirmation of our observations.MethodsWe coexpressed CFP and YFP fusions containing the N‐terminal transmembrane domain (NTM) of Tom70p in yeast and analyzed FRET in live cells with a multilaser flow cytometer. The Tom70p NTM was previously shown to be sufficient for mitochondrial localization and protein–protein interaction (Millar and Shore, 1994, J Biol Chem 269:12229–12232).ResultsFRET was observed only in cells that expressed CFP and YFP fusions that each contained the wild‐type NTM. The introduction of mutations previously shown to disrupt NTM interaction eliminated FRET. Probability binning confirmed that differences between the FRET channels of experimental and control samples were statistically and physiologically significant.ConclusionFlow cytometric analysis of FRET in yeast is a powerful technique for studying protein–protein interactions. The use of flow cytometry allows FRET data to be gathered from a large number of individual cells, thus providing important advantages unavailable to other techniques. Its application to yeast presents a new method to a popular system widely used in proteomic studies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controlling NOx emission from industrial sources
Authors: Srivastava R.K. , Neuffer W. , Grano D. , Khan S. , Staudt J.E. , Jozewicz W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA number of regulatory actions focused on reducing NOx emissions from stationary combustion sources have been taken in the United States in the last decade. These actions include the Acid Rain NOx regulations, the Ozone Transport Commission's NOx Budget Program, and the NOx SIP Call rulemakings. In addition to these regulations, the recent Interstate Air Quality Rulemaking proposal and other bills in the Congress are focusing on additional reductions of NOx. Industrial combustion sources accounted for about 18% of NOx emissions in the United States in 2000 and constituted the second largest emitting source category within stationary sources, only behind electric utility sources. Based on these data, reduction of NOx emissions from industrial combustion sources is an important consideration in efforts undertaken to address the environmental concerns associated with NOx. This paper discusses primary and secondary NOx control technologies applicable to various major categories of industrial sources. The sources considered in this paper include large boilers, furnaces and fired heaters, combustion turbines, large IC engines, and cement kilns. For each source category considered in this paper, primary NOx controls are discussed first, followed by a discussion of secondary NOx controls. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2005