bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the occupancy of sloth bear and its detection probability in Parsa–Koshi Complex, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Hari Prasad , Katuwal Hem Bahadur , Bhattarai Bishnu Prasad , Bhandari Shivish , Adhikari Dipendra , Aryal Bishnu , Tamang Krishna , Nepali Amrit , KC Sabin , Baral Bashu Dev , Devkota Surya , Koirala Sabina , Mandal Dev Narayan , Regmi Sandeep 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnderstanding factors associated with coexistence of human and wildlife in human‐dominated landscapes is crucial for effective species conservation. Among the wildlife species, the sloth bears Melursus ursinus are found both inside and outside the protected areas of Nepal, and with increasing cases of human and bear conflicts in both areas. This highlights the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenic and ecological factors that affect the occurrence of sloth bear. The understanding of these factors is important for its coexistence and conservation in human‐dominated areas through establishing management and conservation action plan. We studied the sloth bear's occupancy and their coexistence in human‐dominated environments with other large predators in the Parsa–Koshi Complex of Nepal using camera traps from December 2022 to March 2023. We identified the occupancy and detection probability of the sloth bear as 0.12 and 0.31, respectively. Our analysis reveals a positive relationship between sloth bear occurrence and the presence of large predators (βpredators = 3.104 ± 0.968), such as tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus), as well as the number of humans detected (βhuman = 1.428 ± 1.216) and canopy cover percentage (βcc = 1.002 ± 0.737). However, the number of livestock detected shows a negative interaction with the occurrence of sloth bears (βlivestock = −2.240 ± 1.467). There was insignificant interaction between sloth bear occupancy and distance to human settlements, roads, and water bodies. These findings underscore the complex dynamics between sloth bears, humans, large predators, and livestock in human‐dominated landscapes. To ensure the long‐term survival of sloth bear populations and promote species conservation, comprehensive conservation strategies that account for both ecological and socio‐economic factors are essential.
Organo‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation of Glutaraldehyde and C3‐Indolyl‐imines To Access Indol‐3‐yl‐piperidines
Authors: Singh Anoop , Shah Imtiaz A. , Yadav Jyothi , Sharma Preetika , Kant Rajni , Iype Eldhose , Rana Sravendra , Kumar Indresh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA simple and straightforward method is developed for the enantioselective synthesis of indol‐3‐yl‐piperidine. The reaction proceeds through a proline‐catalyzed direct Mannich reaction between glutaraldehyde and C3‐indolyl‐imines, followed by intramolecular reductive cyclization as an overall [4+2] annulation in one‐pot fashion. A series of indol‐3‐yl‐piperidine have been accessed with good yields up to 71 % and high enantioselectivity up to >99 % ee.
An empirical technique to predict monthly mean global solar radiation for PV applications in Indian context
Authors: Mahima  , Karakoti Indira , Nandan Hemwati , Pathak P. P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGlobal radiation is a significant input in the design and simulation of solar PV as well as low temperature solar thermal systems. Moreover, meteorological conditions of any location also greatly influence the design, simulation, and output of the solar energy system. The considerable importance of global radiation leads to a dire need for global radiation models in the lack of measurement. Consequently, to enhance the predictability of solar resources over India, models for global radiation simulation through meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) are proposed. Data of nine stations from NASA for 10 years (2008–2017) are used in the study to calibrate the models and performance of developed models is assessed through different statistical indicators (MPE, MBE, RMSE, R2, RMSD, NSE, and TS). The investigation reveals that out of the three proposed models, the model correlating total solar radiation with relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed is found to provide the highest accuracy in global radiation simulation with least statistical errors and is selected as best fit model. Moreover, validation of the proposed models is approved through monthly average daily total solar radiation predication for the remaining four testing cities of India and also through comparison with previously available models in the literature.
Benchmark study of performances and durability between different stack technologies for high temperature electrolysis
Authors: Aicart Jerome , Surrey Alexander , Champelovier Lucas , Henault Kilian , Geipel Chistian , Posdziech Oliver , Mougin Julie 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the current landscape of high temperature electrolysis, mainly two solid oxide cell (SOC) technologies are being used: electrolyte‐supported and cathode‐supported SOCs. The geometrical differences, namely the thickness of the electrolyte, can lead to vastly different operating temperatures. Since most phenomena affecting performance and durability remain thermally activated, comparing stack technologies can be a difficult endeavor at best.While the most visible goal of the European project MultiPLHY consists of Sunfire GmbH building the first multi‐megawatt solid oxide electrolyzer, a work package is being dedicated to stack testing in a laboratory environment. A harmonized protocol was first elaborated to allow comparing different stack technologies. It includes the recording of performance maps, several galvanostatic steps in thermoneutral conditions, as well as load point and thermal cycles. Subsequently, Sunfire operated a pile‐up of two 30‐cell electrolyte‐supported stacks for over 8200 h, while a 25‐cell cathode‐supported stack was tested at CEA for 6800 h.The present article aims at presenting the findings gathered during the implementation of the protocol. This benchmark study puts forward performance maps as well as voltage and stack temperature profiles over time, and discusses some of the difficulties inherent to long‐term testing.
Examining the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on performance of the sustained attention to response task in children with an FASD
Authors: Pinner J. F. L. , Collishaw W. , Schendel M. E. , Flynn L. , Candelaria‐Cook F. T. , Cerros C. M. , Williams M. , Hill D. E. , Stephen J. M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), the leading known cause of childhood developmental disability, has long‐lasting effects extending throughout the lifespan. It is well documented that children prenatally exposed to alcohol have difficulties inhibiting behavior and sustaining attention. Thus, the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART), a Go/No‐go paradigm, is especially well suited to assess the behavioral and neural functioning characteristics of children with PAE. In this study, we utilized neuropsychological assessment, parent/guardian questionnaires, and magnetoencephalography during SART random and fixed orders to assess characteristics of children 8–12 years old prenatally exposed to alcohol compared to typically developing children. Compared to neurotypical control children, children with a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) diagnosis had significantly decreased performance on neuropsychological measures, had deficiencies in task‐based performance, were rated as having increased Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behaviors and as having lower cognitive functioning by their caretakers, and had decreased peak amplitudes in Broadmann's Area 44 (BA44) during SART. Further, MEG peak amplitude in BA44 was found to be significantly associated with neuropsychological test results, parent/guardian questionnaires, and task‐based performance such that decreased amplitude was associated with poorer performance. In exploratory analyses, we also found significant correlations between total cortical volume and MEG peak amplitude indicating that the reduced amplitude is likely related in part to reduced overall brain volume often reported in children with PAE. These findings show that children 8–12 years old with an FASD diagnosis have decreased amplitudes in BA44 during SART random order, and that these deficits are associated with multiple behavioral measures.
Mother–infant shared book reading in the first year of life
Authors: Ho Cheryl Jialing , Duursma Elisabeth , Herbert Jane S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study examined verbal and non‐verbal features of mother–infant shared book reading in Australia during the first year of life and explored the relationship between these features and infant cognition. Mother–infant dyads were observed in this cross‐sectional study reading an unfamiliar book in a laboratory setting when infants were aged 6 months (n = 17), 9 months (n = 14), or 12 months (n = 17). High frequency maternal behaviours coded from video were the production of attention attracting behaviours, immediate talk, and verbal encouragement to maintain infant book engagement. Few significant relationships were found for infant problem‐solving scores. Infant communication scores were however associated with non‐immediate talk at 6 months, maternal questions at 9 months, and non‐book related talk at 12 months. Shared book reading provides opportunities for verbal responsiveness and literacy engagement which likely serve as an important vehicle for facilitating early cognitive development.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in meningitis patients with reactivated varicella zoster virus
Authors: Liu Huili , Wang Jun , Zhang Yan , Gu Jing , Wang Yu , Yan Yongxing , Pan Dongli , Sun Zeyu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the proteomic characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with varicella zoster virus (VZV) meningitis to understanding the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) infection by reactivated VZV.MethodWe used data‐independent acquisition model to analyze the CSF proteomic differences of 28 patients with VZV meningitis and 11 herpes zoster (HZ) patients. According to the clinical manifestations at discharge, 28 VZV meningitis patients were divided into favorable outcome group and unfavorable outcome (UO) group and their differences in CSF proteome were also analyzed.ResultsCompared with the HZ group, the proteins (CXCL10, ELANE, IL‐1RN, MPO, PRTN3, etc.) related to inflammation and immune cell activation were significantly upregulated in the VZV meningitis group (p < .01). The protein related to the nerve function and energy metabolism (CKMT1B, SLITRK3, Synaptotagmin‐3, KIF5B, etc.) were significantly downregulated (p < .05). The levels of a pro‐inflammatory factor, IL‐18, in CSF were significantly higher in patients in the UO group as compared to patients with favorable prognosis (p < .05).ConclusionInflammatory immune response is an important pathophysiological mechanism of CNS infection by VZV, and the CSF IL‐18 levels might be a potential prognostic indicator of the outcomes of VZV meningitis.
Research progress on the activation mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in septic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wen Yuqi , Liu Yang , Liu Weihong , Liu Wenli , Dong Jinyan , Liu Qingkuo , Hao Hao , Ren Hongsheng 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSepsis is an uncontrolled host response to infection, resulting in a clinical syndrome involving multiple organ dysfunctions. Cardiac damage is the most common organ damage in sepsis. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). NLRP3 inflammasome promotes inflammatory response by controlling the activation of caspase‐1 and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL‐1β and IL‐18. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome has received increasing attention, but its activation mechanism and regulation of inflammation in SCM remain to be investigated.
The potential roles of stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 and connexin 43 in rats with reperfusion arrhythmia
Authors: An Li , Gao Hong , Zhong Yi , Liu Yanqiu , Cao Ying , Yi Jing , Huang Xiang , Wen Chunlei , Tong Rui , Pan Zhijun , Yan Xu , Liu Meiyan , Wang Shengzhao , Wu Hao , Hu Tingju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveConnexin 43 (Cx43) is a critical gene for maintaining myocardial homeostasis. Interestingly, Cx43 and stress‐induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) were recorded to be lowly expressed in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, their impacts on reperfusion arrhythmia (RA) remain to be explored. Our study aimed to find out the related underlying mechanisms.MethodsAfter the establishment of an isolated heart model through Langendorff perfusion, the heart rate, conduction activation time, conduction velocity, and conduction direction of the left ventricle were evaluated, along with the apoptotic rate detection in the collected myocardial tissues. After the construction of a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced cellular model, cell apoptosis, intercellular communication, cell viability, and the content of reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and lactic dehydrogenase were measured. The expression of Cx43 and STIP1 was determined in both rat heart and cell models. The bindings of STIP3 and Cx43 to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were verified.ResultsRelative to the corresponding controls, Cx43 and STIP1 were decreased in myocardial tissues of RA rats and H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells, where Cx43‐binding HSP70 and HSP90 were respectively increased and decreased, and ubiquitination level of Cx43 was enhanced. STIP1 overexpression promoted protein expression of Cx43, intercellular communication, and cell viability, and reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells.ConclusionSTIP1 promoted Cx43 expression to improve intercellular communication and reduce oxidative stress in H/R‐stimulated H9C2 cells.
Tubal superfetation following frozen–thawed single‐embryo transfers in two separate cycles: Case report and literature review
Authors: Ohana Eric , Samueli Benzion , Shahar Moran , Ben‐Haroush Avi , Shufaro Yoel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSuperfetation is a very rare occurrence. In the context of assisted reproduction, it has been reported only as an intrauterine pregnancy after ovarian stimulation and/or embryo transfer in the presence of an undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy. Here we report a case of a 27‐year‐old anovulatory patient, gravida 1 para 1, who underwent two frozen–thawed single‐blastocyst transfers in separate cycles. The patient reported that 12 days after the first transfer, she had menstrual bleeding and stopped her estradiol and progesterone supplementation without undergoing a blood human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) test. At her request, a second cycle was immediately initiated, with endometrial thickness measuring 4 mm. Eleven days after the second transfer, the βhCG value was inappropriately high. A right tubal pregnancy corresponding to 8 gestational weeks was diagnosed. Laparoscopy revealed a prominent right tubal pregnancy in addition to a significantly smaller left tubal pregnancy. The discordant tubal pregnancies were confirmed histologically. To our knowledge, superfetation involving a second ectopic pregnancy coexistent with a first, contralateral ectopic pregnancy consequent to consecutive in vitro fertilization procedures has not previously been described in the medical literature. This case emphasizes the importance of routine βhCG testing after every IVF cycle, even if apparently unsuccessful.
Practical approaches to enhance water productivity at the farm level in Asia: A review
Authors: Meena Raj Pal , Karnam Venkatesh , Sujatha Hullehally Thimmappa , Tripathi Subhash Chander , Singh Gyanendra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe global population is constantly increasing, reached 8 billion in November 2022 and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2037. This increased population is expected to increase the demand for food, clothing and shelter, which in turn are heavily dependent on limited water resources. The available freshwater resources for agricultural use are further declining due to overexploitation and changing climate in the major food baskets of the world. This increasing water scarcity is exacerbated by expanding cities due to increasing urbanization. This calls for a new look at the allocation of water to agriculture. Therefore, the development of new strategies to improve agricultural water use may serve as an important adaptation strategy. This review attempts to include a comprehensive review of the literature on (i) the status and definition of water productivity and (ii) factors responsible for low water productivity (WP) in Asian agriculture. Furthermore, it contains practical approaches to enhance water use efficiency at the farm level covering all field crops and a range of soil types, which include (i) agronomic interventions; (ii) genetic interventions, such as the identification and cultivation of crop cultivars with high WP; and (iii) genotype, environment and crop management interactions for higher WP.
Effect of extended pharmacist involvement in discharge transitions of care on hospital readmission rates: Prospective, randomized, parallel arm design trial
Authors: Tasseff Natalie , Axtell Sandra , Nixon Bianca 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPharmacist involvement in transitions of care has been shown to improve patient outcomes and reduce readmission rates. Pharmacists reduce medication errors at discharge by ensuring all home medications continued are appropriate, provide pharmacist discharge patient medication education on new and existing medications therapies, and evaluate the safety and efficacy of the patient's medication therapy in order to decrease readmission rates. Results from this study may provide a financial benefit for hospital reimbursement by reducing 30 day readmission rates. The primary outcome was the comparison of composite emergency department (ED) and hospital 30 day readmission rates for patients that have extended pharmacist intervention at discharge versus standard of care. Patients 18 years of age and older with a readmission risk score of 25 or greater, and admitted on general medicine floors from November 1, 2022 through February 28, 2023 were included. Patients were randomized into a standard of care (SOC) or extended SOC group. The primary outcome was the comparison of composite ED and hospital 30 day readmission rates for patients that have extended pharmacist intervention at discharge versus SOC. A key secondary outcome included number of drug‐related problems identified and resolved. The primary outcome was analyzed using chi‐squared analysis (alpha of 0.05) and secondary outcomes as descriptive statistics. Data was analyzed using Stata® 16.1 statistical software. Two hundred and ninety‐six patients were included for analysis with 148 patients in both extended SOC and SOC groups. Extended SOC decreased the composite 30 day ED visit and hospital readmission rate by 7% (p = 0.63). Extended SOC group decreased 30 day ED visits by 4.9% and inpatient 30 day readmissions by 8.2% analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients in extended SOC group resulted in a non‐statistical decrease in ED visits and inpatient readmissions 30 days after discharge compared to SOC group.
Clinical significance of extrahepatic bile duct resection for T2 gallbladder cancer using data from the Japanese Biliary Tract Cancer Registry between 2014 and 2018
Authors: Kato Hiroyuki , Horiguchi Akihiko , Ishihara Shin , Nakamura Masafumi , Endo Itaru 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe present study aimed to determine whether concomitant extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBDR) improves the prognosis of patients with T2 gallbladder cancer (GBC).MethodsBetween 2014 and 2018, 4947 patients with GBC were registered in the National Biliary Tract Cancer Registry in Japan. This included 3804 patients (76.9%) who underwent curative‐intent surgical resection; 1609 of these patients had pT2 GBC with no distant metastasis. Of the 1609 patients with GBC, 520 underwent EHBDR and 1089 did not. We compared the patients' backgrounds and disease‐specific survival rates between the groups.ResultsThe frequency of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in the EHBDR group than in the non‐EHBDR group (38.2% vs. 20.7%, p < .001). In the entire cohort, however, there was no significant difference in disease‐specific survival between the two groups (76% vs. 79%, p = .410). The EHBDR group had a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo classification grade = 3) (32.4% vs. 11.7%, p < .001). When we focused on the survival of only T2N1 patients who underwent gallbladder bed resection, the prognosis was significantly improved for the EHBDR group (5‐year survival rate: 64% vs. 54%, p = .017). The non‐EHBDR group was subcategorized into two groups: D2 dissection and D1 dissection or sampling, and survival curves were compared between these subgroups. Although the EHBDR group tended to have a favorable prognosis compared to the D2 group, this difference was not significant (p = .167). However, the EHBDR group had a significantly greater prognosis than the D1 dissection or sampling group (5 year‐survival rate: 64 vs. 49%, p = .027).ConclusionsThe EHBDR may improve the prognosis of patients with T2 gall bladder cancer with lymph node metastases; however, its indication should be carefully determined because of the increased risk of postoperative complications.
Factors Influencing Underrepresented Medical Students' Career Choice in Surgical Subspecialties
Authors: Pershad Alisha R. , Kidwai Mohammad S. , Lugo Ciara A. , Lee Esther , Tummala Neelima , Thakkar Punam 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesSurgical subspecialties rank among the least racially and gender diverse of the medical specialties. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the current factors that influence female, gender and sexual minority (GSM), and underrepresented in medicine (URiM)‐identifying medical students' decision to pursue a career in a surgical subspecialty.Data sourcesA structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Criteria for eligibility included surveys and interviews assessing factors and barriers influencing underrepresented medical students' career choices.Review methodsTwo independent researchers screened the articles' titles and abstracts for relevance; three performed full‐text reviews.ResultsOf 343 studies identified, 17 met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen (82%) were survey‐based studies; three (18%) were qualitative interviews. Represented minorities included females (14), URiM (13), and GSM (4). Female medical students were most influenced by (1) exposure to surgery, (2) mentorship, and (3) surgical lifestyle. URiM medical students were most influenced by (1) mentorship, (2) culture and diversity, (3) research opportunities, and (4) personality fit. GSM medical students were most influenced by identity acceptance and instances of discrimination and bias.ConclusionsOur review provides granular data on positive and negative factors influencing career choice among underrepresented medical students to facilitate the development of a more diverse surgical workforce. Female medical students were more positively influenced by increased exposure to surgical subspecialties, whereas URiM medical students were more positively influenced by race‐concordant mentorship. Laryngoscope, 134:1498–1506, 2024