bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attis: A Greek God in Anatolian Pessinous and Catullan Rome
Authors: Bremmer Jan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn my contribution I attempt a new analysis of the myth and ritual of Attis and its reception in Catullan Rome. I argue (1) that the attempts to identify Attis with the Herodotean Atys are unconvincing, as they are based on Hermesianax's poem, which intended to provide an aetiology for a taboo on the pig in Pessinous; (2) that Attis starts to appear in the Greek world in the middle to the third quarter of the fourth century BC; the mention in Demosthenes should be taken as referring to his own time, not to that of Aeschines' mother; (3) that a careful comparison of Timotheus' account with that of Pausanias enables us to reconstruct the Phrygian myth and ritual of Pessinous as well as its gradual development, whereby special attention is given to Kybele, Agdistis, Attis and his festival, and the eunuch Galli; (4) that the religious aspects of Catullus 63 show a close identification of the cult of Kybele with that of Dionysus.
Altering Attis: Ethnicity, Gender and Genre in Catullus 63
Authors: Harrison Stephen 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCatullus 63 is one of the most unusual of Latin poems, and also one of the most difficult for literary interpreters. In this paper I would like to discuss it from three angles, connected by the common factor of change or alteration: ethnicity, the poem's alteration of Attis' previous ethnic identity to make him Greek and to stress the contrast with the poem's Asiatic setting; gender, its transsexual use of previous female literary characters as models for Attis' two speeches;2) and genre, the literary form of the poem and its alteration and mixture of various types of generic antecedent.
Chronic pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and impaired alveolar fluid clearance
Authors: Boyer Sophie , Faure Karine , Ader Florence , Husson Odile Marie , Kipnis Eric , Prangere Thierry , Leroy Xavier , Guery Benoit P 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
While the functional consequences of acute pulmonary infections are widely documented, few studies focused on chronic pneumonia. We evaluated the consequences of chronic Pseudomonas lung infection on alveolar function.

Methods
P. aeruginosa, included in agar beads, was instilled intratracheally in Sprague Dawley rats. Analysis was performed from day 2 to 21, a control group received only sterile agar beads. Alveolar-capillary barrier permeability, lung liquid clearance (LLC) and distal alveolar fluid clearance (DAFC) were measured using a vascular (131I-Albumin) and an alveolar tracer (125I-Albumin).

Results
The increase in permeability and LLC peaked on the second day, to return to baseline on the fifth. DAFC increased independently of TNF-α or endogenous catecholamine production. Despite the persistence of the pathogen within the alveoli, DAFC returned to baseline on the 5th day. Stimulation with terbutaline failed to increase DAFC. Eradication of the pathogen with ceftazidime did not restore DAFC response.

Conclusions
From these results, we observe an adequate initial alveolar response to increased permeability with an increase of DAFC. However, DAFC increase does not persist after the 5th day and remains unresponsive to stimulation. This impairment of DAFC may partly explain the higher susceptibility of chronically infected patients to subsequent lung injury.
An adaptive method for cDNA microarray normalization
Authors: Zhao Yingdong , Li Ming-Chung , Simon Richard 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Normalization is a critical step in analysis of gene expression profiles. For dual-labeled arrays, global normalization assumes that the majority of the genes on the array are non-differentially expressed between the two channels and that the number of over-expressed genes approximately equals the number of under-expressed genes. These assumptions can be inappropriate for custom arrays or arrays in which the reference RNA is very different from the experimental samples.

Results
We propose a mixture model based normalization method that adaptively identifies non-differentially expressed genes and thereby substantially improves normalization for dual-labeled arrays in settings where the assumptions of global normalization are problematic. The new method is evaluated using both simulated and real data.

Conclusions
The new normalization method is effective for general microarray platforms when samples with very different expression profile are co-hybridized and for custom arrays where the majority of genes are likely to be differentially expressed.
Nine-year comparison of presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes in Ireland: a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: Doyle Frank , De La Harpe Davida , McGee Hannah , Shelley Emer , Conroy Ronán 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Shorter time to treatment is associated with lower mortality in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A previous (1994) survey showed substantial delays for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Ireland. The present study compared current practice with 1994 and surveyed acute coronary syndromes as a more complete contemporary evaluation of critical cardiac care than assessing AMI alone.

Methods
Following ethics committee approval, all centres (N = 39) admitting acute cardiac patients to intensive/coronary care unit provided information on 1365 episodes. A cross-sectional survey design was employed.

Results
Since 1994, median hospital arrival to thrombolysis time was reduced by 41% (76 to 45 minutes). Thrombolysis was delivered more often in the emergency department in 2003 (48% vs 2%). Thrombolysis when delivered in the emergency department was achieved faster than thrombolysis delivered in intensive/coronary care (35 mins v 60 mins; z = 5.62, p < .0001). Suspected AMI patients who did not subsequently receive thrombolysis took longer to present to hospital (5 h vs 2 h 34 mins; z = 7.33, p < .0001) and had longer transfer times to the intensive/coronary care unit following arrival (2 h 17 mins vs 1 h 10 mins; z = 8.92, p < .0001). Fewer confirmed AMI cases received thrombolysis in 2003 (43% vs 58%). There was an increase in confirmed cases of AMI from 1994 (70% to 87%).

Conclusions
Substantial improvements in time to thrombolysis have occurred since 1994, probably relating to treatment provision in emergency departments. Patient delay pre-hospital is still the principal impediment to effective treatment of ACS. A recent change of definition of AMI may have precluded an exact comparison between 1994 and 2003 data.
Prolonged conservative treatment or 'early' surgery in sciatica caused by a lumbar disc herniation: rationale and design of a randomized trial [ISRCT 26872154]
Authors: Peul Wilco C , van Houwelingen Hans C , van der Hout Wilbert B , Brand Ronald , Eekhof Just AH , Tans Joseph ThJ , Thomeer Ralph TWM , Koes Bart W 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Background
The design of a randomized multicenter trial is presented on the effectiveness of a prolonged conservative treatment strategy compared with surgery in patients with persisting intense sciatica (lumbosacral radicular syndrome).

Methods/design
Patients presenting themselves to their general practitioner with disabling sciatica lasting less than twelve weeks are referred to the neurology outpatient department of one of the participating hospitals. After confirmation of the diagnosis and surgical indication MRI scanning is performed. If a distinct disc herniation is discerned which in addition covers the clinically expected site the patient is eligible for randomization. Depending on the outcome of the randomization scheme the patient will either be submitted to prolonged conservative care or surgery. Surgery will be carried out according to the guidelines and between six and twelve weeks after onset of complaints. The experimental therapy consists of a prolonged conservative treatment under supervision of the general practitioner, which may be followed by surgical intervention in case of persisting or progressive disability. The main primary outcome measure is the disease specific disability of daily functioning. Other primary outcome measures are perceived recovery and intensity of legpain. Secondary outcome measures encompass severity of complaints, quality of life, medical consumption, absenteeism, costs and preference. The main research question will be answered at 12 months after randomization. The total follow-up period covers two years.

Discussion
Evidence is lacking concerning the optimal treatment of lumbar disc induced sciatica. This pragmatic randomized trial, focusses on the 'timing' of intervention, and will contribute to the decision of the general practictioner and neurologist, regarding referral of patients for surgery.
A new example of viral intein in Mimivirus
Authors: Ogata Hiroyuki , Raoult Didier , Claverie Jean-Michel 
Published: February 2005

Abstract

Background
Inteins are "protein introns" that remove themselves from their host proteins through an autocatalytic protein-splicing. After their discovery, inteins have been quickly identified in all domains of life, but only once to date in the genome of a eukaryote-infecting virus.

Results
Here we report the identification and bioinformatics characterization of an intein in the DNA polymerase PolB gene of amoeba infecting Mimivirus, the largest known double-stranded DNA virus, the origin of which has been proposed to predate the emergence of eukaryotes. Mimivirus intein exhibits canonical sequence motifs and clearly belongs to a subclass of archaeal inteins always found in the same location of PolB genes. On the other hand, the Mimivirus PolB is most similar to eukaryotic Polδ sequences.

Conclusions
The intriguing association of an extremophilic archaeal-type intein with a mesophilic eukaryotic-like PolB in Mimivirus is consistent with the hypothesis that DNA viruses might have been the central reservoir of inteins throughout the course of evolution.
Pulmonary capillary pressure in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Souza Rogerio , Amato Marcelo Britto Passos , Demarzo Sergio Eduardo , Deheinzelin Daniel , Barbas Carmen Silvia Valente , Schettino Guilherme Paula Pinto , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP), together with the time constants of the various vascular compartments, define the dynamics of the pulmonary vascular system. Our objective in the present study was to estimate PCPs and time constants of the vascular system in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), and compare them with these measures in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Methods
We conducted the study in two groups of patients with pulmonary hypertension: 12 patients with IPAH and 11 with ARDS. Four methods were used to estimate the PCP based on monoexponential and biexponential fitting of pulmonary artery pressure decay curves.

Results
PCPs in the IPAH group were considerably greater than those in the ARDS group. The PCPs measured using the four methods also differed significantly, suggesting that each method measures the pressure at a different site in the pulmonary circulation. The time constant for the slow component of the biexponential fit in the IPAH group was significantly longer than that in the ARDS group.

Conclusion
The PCP in IPAH patients is greater than normal but methodological limitations related to the occlusion technique may limit interpretation of these data in isolation. Different disease processes may result in different times for arterial emptying, with resulting implications for the methods available for estimating PCP.
Initial distribution volume of glucose can be approximated using a conventional glucose analyzer in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ishihara Hironori , Nakamura Hitomi , Okawa Hirobumi , Takase Hajime , Tsubo Toshihito , Hirota Kazuyoshi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Introduction
We previously reported that initial distribution volume of glucose (IDVG) reflects central extracellular fluid volume, and that IDVG may represent an indirect measure of cardiac preload that is independent of the plasma glucose values present before glucose injection or infusion of insulin and/or vasoactive drugs. The original IDVG measurement requires an accurate glucose analyzer and repeated arterial blood sampling over a period of 7 min after glucose injection. The purpose of the present study was to compare approximated IDVG, derived from just two blood samples, versus original IDVG, and to test whether approximated IDVG is an acceptable alternative measure of IDVG in the intensive care unit.

Methods
A total of 50 consecutive intensive care unit patients were included, and the first IDVG determination in each patient was analyzed. Glucose (5 g) was injected through the central venous line to calculate IDVG. Original IDVG was calculated using a one-compartment model from serial incremental arterial plasma glucose concentrations above preinjection using a reference glucose analyzer. Approximated IDVG was calculated from glucose concentrations in both plasma and whole blood, using a combined blood gas and glucose analyzer, drawn at two time points: immediately before glucose injection and 3 min after injection. Subsequently, each approximated IDVG was calculated using a formula we proposed previously.

Results
The difference (mean ± standard deviation) between approximated IDVG calculated from plasma samples and original IDVG was -0.05 ± 0.54 l, and the difference between approximated IDVG calculated from whole blood samples and original IDVG was -0.04 ± 0.61 l. There was a linear correlation between approximated and original IDVG (r2 = 0.92 for plasma samples, and r2 = 0.89 for whole blood samples).

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that there was good correlation between each approximated IDVG and original IDVG, although the two measures are not interchangeable. This suggests that approximated IDVG is clinically acceptable as an alternative calculation of IDVG, although approximated and original IDVGs are not equivalent; plasma rather than whole blood measurements are preferable.
Natural products chemistry and phytomedicine in the 21st century: New developments and challenges
Authors: Wagner H. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The gradual transition from the long-standing use of monodrug therapy in classical medicine to the new concept of a multidrug and multitarget therapy has great implications for the research strategies of natural products chemistry and phytomedicine. The rationalization of the new strategies, however, requires great efforts in: standardization of mono- and multiphytopreparations using all available high-tech methods; screening of extracts and their constituents by integration of modern molecular biological bioassays; and controlled, clinical studies, inclusive of pharmacokinetic and bioavailability investigations, aimed at evidence-based phytotherapy. The first results obtained in recent years are explained using several examples of phytopharmacological and clinical studies. These show the therapeutic superiority of many plant extracts over single isolated constituents, as well as the bioequivalence of many phytopharmaceuticals with synthetic chemotherapeutics.
Biological activity from indigenous medicinal plants of Mauritius
Authors: Gurib-Fakim A. , Subratty H. , Narod F. , Govinden-Soulange J. , Mahomoodally F. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The Mauritian population has a long tradition in the use of ethno-medicine, and the practice is still strong, especially in the treatment of minor ailments. Such interest stems from an existing culture, and many “tisanes” are still prepared from plant materials and sold in several markets around the island.
This paper will focus on the various chemical/biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological properties of medicinal plant extracts. Particular emphasis will be put on extraction and various screening for biological/pharmacological properties. Due consideration will be given to the pharmacological approaches that utilize different animal models for the in vitro and in vivo screening of medicinal plant extracts.
Diverse metabolites of coral reef organisms
Authors: Tanaka Junichi , Kuniyoshi Masayuki , Tanaka Chiaki , Issa Hamad H. , Balansa Walter , Otsuka Masahito , Githige Wahome P. , Higa Tatsuo 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A detailed mechanism for the spontaneous transformation of 2-chloro-1-hydroxyoctoda-3(8),5-dien-4-one, a metabolite of Portieria hornemanni, into 4,5-dimethylbenzo[b]furan was presented. Five new terpenoids have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia luzonensis. Five species of sponges yielded various metabolites: furanosesterterpenes from Ircinia sp., scalarane derivatives from Phyllospongia sp., polyketides from Theonella cf. swinhoei, a polyacetylene from Callyspongia sp., and cyclic depsipeptides from Suberites japonicus. Other new metabolites were sponge-derived secomanoalide derivative and imidazole alkaloids from nudibranchs, briarane class diterpenes from octocorals, and cyclofarnesylated hydroquinones, floresolides A-C, from an ascidian, Aplidium sp. Many of these compounds showed cytotoxicity.
Biopolyphenolics as antioxidants: Studies under an Indo-Italian CSIR-CNR project
Authors: Foti Mario C. , Sharma Sunil K. , Shakya Gaurav , Prasad Ashok K. , Nicolosi Giovanni , Bovicelli Paolo , Ghosh Balaram , Raj Hanumantharao G. , Rastogi Ramesh C. , Parmar Virinder S. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A wide variety of polyphenolic compounds (i.e., 4-methylcoumarins, xanthones, pyrazoles, and pyrazolylacrylonitriles) have been examined for their antioxidant effect on NADPH-catalyzed liver-microsomal lipid peroxidation with a view to establishing their structure–activity relationship. Dihydroxy-/diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin derivatives have been shown to be radical scavengers. The effect of nine different xanthones has been examined on the modulation of cytokine-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human endothelial cells. 1,4-Dihydroxyxanthone showed enhanced antioxidant activity as well as ICAM-1 inhibitory activity.
From 3,3,4,4-tetraethoxybutyne to carbohydrate mimics
Authors: Sydnes Leiv K. , Kvernenes Ole H. , Valdersnes Stig 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
3,3,4,4-Tetraethoxy-1-butyne, available in high yield in four simple steps from ethyl vinyl ether, is a highly functionalized alkyne, which appears to be a versatile starting material for the synthesis of a range of alkylated, more-or-less deoxygenated carbohydrate mimics. However, many of the reactions used to achieve extension and subsequent structural modification of the carbon chain as well as removal of the protecting groups turn out to be rather sensitive to the substituents’ steric and electronic influence. As a result, the reactivity pattern that emerges is somewhat complex.
Use of furans in synthesis of bioactive compounds
Authors: Lee Hing-Ken , Chan Kin-Fai , Hui Chi-Wai , Yim Ho-Kee , Wu Xun-Wei , Wong Henry N. C. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Synthetic approaches to the total synthesis of plakortone B, as well as diastereoselective nucleophilic additions to furyl aldehyde and furyl sulfonylimine employing chiral 3-boronates as auxiliary are presented.
Creating chemical diversity space by scaffold decoration of dihydropyrimidines
Authors: Dallinger Doris , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The demand for diverse compound libraries for screening in drug discovery and materials science is the driving force behind the development of new technologies for rapid parallel and combinatorial synthesis. The focus of this article will be on the scaffold decoration of biologically active dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) of the Biginelli type, exploring the diversity on all six positions around the scaffold. This opens up the generation of a very large number of analogs given the commercial availability of the building blocks that are used in the functionalization process.
Toward the library generation of natural product-like polycyclic derivatives by stereocontrolled diversity-oriented synthesis
Authors: Arya P. , Quevillon S. , Joseph R. , Wei C.-Q. , Gan Z. , Parisien M. , Sesmilo E. , Reddy P. T. , Chen Z.-X , Durieux P. , Laforce D. , Campeau L.-C. , Khadem S. , Couve-Bonnaire S. , Kumar R. , Sharma U. , Leek D. M. , Daroszewska M. , Barnes M. L. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Due to the growing interest in small molecules that could help in understanding protein–protein interactions based on signal transduction, the demand for the generation of small-molecule libraries that are inspired by bioactive natural products has grown significantly. Many of these pathways are highly complex and present tremendous challenges with the use of classical tools. A rapid access to natural product-like small molecules having structural complexity and diversity is crucial for systematically dissecting the functions of complex protein networking and understanding cell signaling pathways. The complex nature, the three-dimensional architecture, and the number of protein binding functional groups presented in three-dimensional arrays are some of the attractive features to incorporate in small-molecule chemical probes to be used as modulators of protein function.
Novel pyrrole-containing hypoglycemic and hypotriglyceridemic compounds
Authors: Lohray Braj B. , Lohray Vidya 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Several substituted α-alkoxy phenyl propionic acids were synthesized, and their hypotriglyceridemic properties were evaluated in Swiss albino mice. Some of the compounds showed excellent triglyceride- and cholesterol-lowering properties even at a dose of 1 mg/kg. 2,5-Substituted pyrrole-containing heterocycles were among the most potent alkoxy propionic acid class of compounds. These compounds also showed excellent antidiabetic activities in animal models.
Synthesis of novel non-isoprenoid phenolic acids and 3-alkylpyridines
Authors: Jain Subhash C. , Kumar Rohtash , Goswami Rajeev , Pandey Mukesh K. , Khurana Shilpi , Rohatgi Leena , Gyanda Kapil 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A new strategy has been developed for the synthesis of naturally occurring 6-alkenyl phenolic acids and 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids of biological importance. This strategy makes use of the proper substituted aryl or pyridyl sulfone as the potent intermediate. A carbanion was generated from the sulfone by treating it with NaH in dimethylformamide (DMF) at –5 °C and was used for alkylation reaction with alkyl/alkenyl bromide in DMF at 0 °C to give product, which, on reduction with sodium-amalgam, yielded the desired natural product. Using this methodology, we have synthesized 11 natural 6-alkyl/alkenyl salicylic acids, which were known to possess strong antimicrobial activities against many pathogens and had also shown molluscicidal activity against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata. This methodology was also extended to synthesize two natural 3-alkylpyridine alkaloids that were known to possess strong cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukemia cells with IC50 values of 1–2.3 μg/ml. Taking leads from these natural products, we have also synthesized a number of related compounds in order to find a potential drug candidate for the future. This paper presents the highlights of the work done on the synthesis of these two classes of compounds.
Novel anti-infective compounds
Authors: Lohray Vidya B. , Lohray Braj. B. , Srivastava Brijesh Kumar 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A set of substituted piperazinyloxazolidinone derivatives has been studied for their antibacterial activity in a few gram-positive bacteria. The structural modifications have provided a superior compound than linezolid, the only drug of this class in the market at present.