bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of paranasal sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis: sinuses volume analysis
Authors: Kaluzna-Mlynarczyk Agata , Pucher Beata , Sroczynski Jakub , Kotowski Michal , Jonczyk-Potoczna Katarzyna , Szydlowski Jarosław 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe systemic disease that affects many aspects of patients’ lives. It is known that the progression of the disease adversely affects lower and upper airways including the paranasal sinuses. However, its impact on sinus development in the pediatric population is not fully examined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the development of the paranasal sinuses in a pediatric population with CF and compare it to a control group consisting of healthy children.

Methods
The results of computed tomography (CT) scans of children with the disease and the control group were evaluated. The study included 114 CT images of children in the study group and 126 images of healthy children aged 0–18 years. The volumes of maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with those of the control group and analyzed statistically.

Results
The volume and the development of the paranasal sinuses in both groups increased with age, but statistically significant differences were found between the study and the control group.

Conclusions
The obtained results provide valuable knowledge regarding the impact of the CF on sinuses development. Also, they may be important in understanding the progression of the disease and its influence on the quality and length of life of patients. The results may contribute to enhanced diagnostics and have implications for improving therapy for patients with chronic sinusitis associated with CF.
Error Analysis for 2D Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equations in Bounded Domains with Dirichlet Data
Authors: Breit Dominic , Prohl Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe study a finite-element based space-time discretisation for the 2D stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain supplemented with no-slip boundary conditions. We prove optimal convergence rates in the energy norm with respect to convergence in probability, that is convergence of order (almost) 1/2 in time and 1 in space. This was previously only known in the space-periodic case, where higher order energy estimates for any given (deterministic) time are available. In contrast to this, estimates in the Dirichlet-case are only known for a (possibly large) stopping time. We overcome this problem by introducing an approach based on discrete stopping times. This replaces the localised estimates (with respect to the sample space) from earlier contributions.
Osteoporosis Prediction Using Machine-Learned Optical Bone Densitometry Data
Authors: Miura Kaname , Tanaka Shigeo M. , Chotipanich Chanisa , Chobpenthai Thanapon , Jantarato Attapon , Khantachawana Anak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical bone densitometry (OBD) has been developed for the early detection of osteoporosis. In recent years, machine learning (ML) techniques have been actively implemented for the areas of medical diagnosis and screening with the goal of improving diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using the combination of OBD and ML techniques as a screening tool for osteoporosis. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and OBD measurements were performed on 203 Thai subjects. From the OBD measurements and readily available demographic data, machine learning techniques were used to predict the T-score measured by the DXA. The T-score predicted using the Ridge regressor had a correlation of r = 0.512 with respect to the reference value. The predicted T-score also showed an AUC of 0.853 for discriminating individuals with osteoporosis. The results obtained suggest that the developed model is reliable enough to be used for screening for osteoporosis.
Improved identification of left atrial enlargement in patients with obesity
Authors: Aga Yaar , Acardag Yalin , Chin Jie Fen , Kroon Daan , Snelder Sanne Marjolein , De Groot-De Laat Lotte , Biter Ulas , Zijlstra Felix , Brugts Jasper , van Dalen Bas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccurate standardization of left atrium volume (LAV) in patients with obesity is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate and to examine the relation between LAV indexed to height2 and left atrial function in patients with moderate to severe obesity. Echocardiograms of patients with moderate to severe obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) without known cardiac disease were analyzed. LAV was indexed to body surface area (BSA) and height2, and patients were divided into those with or without left atrial enlargement (LAE) based on normalization using either BSA (LAEbsa) or height2 (LAEh2). Using speckle tracking echocardiography, LA reservoir strain (LASr), LA conduit strain (LAScd), and LA contractile strain (LASct) were assessed as a measure of LA function. LA dysfunction was defined as LASct < 14%. A total of 142 patients were included in the analysis of whom 54.2% had LAEh2 and 18.3% LAEBSA. The LAEh2 group had significantly lower LASct (12.2% ± 3.2% vs. 13.6% ± 4.5%, p = 0.019) as compared to the patients without LAEh2. Significantly more patients with LA dysfunction would be correctly identified by LAEh2 than by LAEBSA (41.5% vs. 15.0%, p < 0.001). In patients with moderate to severe obesity, the use of LAEh2 identified significantly more patients with decreased LA function. LAVh2 should be preferred over LAVBSA in patients with moderate to severe obesity.
Allocation of Users of Mental Health Services to Needs-Based Care Clusters: An Italian Pilot Study
Authors: Barbato Angelo , D’Avanzo Barbara , Corrao Giovanni , Di Fiandra Teresa , Ferrara Lucia , Gaddini Andrea , Jarach Carlotta Micaela , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Saponaro Alessio , Scondotto Salvatore , Tozzi Valeria D , Lora Antonio 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Italy, despite strong community-based mental health services, needs assessment is unsatisfactory. Using the Mental Health Clustering Tool (MHCT) we adopted a multidimensional and non-diagnosis dependent approach to assign mental health services users with similar needs to groups corresponding to resources required for effective care. We tested the MHCT in nine Departments of Mental Health in four Italian regions. After a brief training, 318 professionals assessed 12,938 cases with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder and personality disorder through the MHCT. 53% of cases were 40–59 years, half were females, 51% had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 48% of cases were clinically severe. Clusters included different levels of clinical severity and diagnostic groups. The largest cluster was 11 (ongoing recurrent psychosis), with 18.9% of the sample, followed by cluster 3 (non-psychotic disorders of moderate severity). The MHCT could capture a variety of problems of people with mental disorders beyond the traditional psychiatric assessment, therefore depicting service population from a different standpoint. Following a brief training, MHCT assessment proved to be feasible. The automatic allocation of cases made the attribution to clusters easy and acceptable by professionals. To what extent clustering provide a sound base for care planning will be the matter of further research.
Jail Healthcare Staffing in the US Southeast: a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Rosen David L. , Carda-Auten Jessica , DiRosa Elena , Travers Debbie 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Jails annually incarcerate millions of people with health problems, yet jail healthcare services have not been well described.

Objective
To describe jail healthcare staffing.

Design
Phone-administered survey conducted October 2020 to May 2021.

Setting
County jails in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama.

Participants
Jail personnel “most knowledgeable” about jail healthcare.

Main Measures
Weekly on-site healthcare coverage rate (hours per 100 incarcerated person-weeks [IPWs]) by personnel type; telemedicine rates and detention officers’ healthcare duties.

Key Results
Survey response rate was 73% (254/346). Among surveyed jails, 71% had on-site non-psychiatric providers (e.g., physicians, physician assistants) (median of 3.3 h per 100 IPWs); 90% had on-site nursing (median of 57.0 h per 100 IPWs) including 50% with on-site registered nurses (median of 25 h per 100 IPWs) and 70% with on-site licensed practical nurses (median of 52 h per 100 IPWs); 9% had on-site psychiatric providers (median of 1.6 h per 100 PWs). Telemedicine was used for primary care in 13% of jails (median 2.1 h per 100 IPW); for mental healthcare in 55% (median 2.1 h per 100 IPW); and for other specialties in 5% (median 1.0 h per 100 IPW). In 81% of jails, officers conducted medical intake and in 58% assessed urgency of medical requests (i.e., “sick call”). The number of officers’ healthcare responsibilities increased inversely with weekly nursing coverage.

Conclusions
Nearly 30% of surveyed jails routinely lacked on-site healthcare providers and in most other jails providers’ on-site presence was modest. Jails relied heavily on LPNs and officers for care, resulting in missed opportunities for care and potentially endangering incarcerated persons.
Genetics, Age Demographics, and Shell Size of Atlantic Surfclams from the Southern Edge of Their Range
Authors: Wisner Brynne , Wang Zhenwei , Sheehan Ailey , Guo Ximing , Munroe Daphne 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima solidissima) is an economically valuable clam species that supports a major US fishery. Until recently, fishery efforts along the southern edge of the surfclam range were low due to clam mortalities there in the 1990s. Recent surfclam fishing efforts off Virginia raised questions of whether the surfclam population has returned in the southern region or if a single cohort is supporting the fishery there. Questions have also arisen about whether S. s. similis is among the population fished off the coast of VA. Spisula solidissima similis is a warm-water cryptic subspecies of the Atlantic surfclam. Although morphologically indistinguishable, S. s. similis grows to a smaller size and is genetically distinct. Atlantic surfclams (n = 103) were collected from the fishing grounds off the coast of VA. Each surfclam was aged, and shell length and tissue weight recorded for comparison to surfclams of the same age from the center of the population. Analyses of mitochondrial (mtCOI) sequences suggests that the two groups sampled off VA are genetically homogeneous, both groups contain two divergent mitochondrial lineages, and one surfclam sampled shares the S. s. similis mtCOI sequence. There are multiple cohorts of surfclams, suggesting that environmental conditions may have improved for surfclams in the south, or that this population has acclimated to altered conditions. Further research should investigate the potential for subspecies hybridization.
Indigenous fertility in Aotearoa New Zealand: How does ethnic identity affect birth spacing and timing?
Authors: Rarere Moana , Jarallah Yara , Kukutai Tahu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe survival of Indigenous peoples in the CANZUS states of Canada, Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and the United States is nothing short of remarkable. Not only have Indigenous peoples thwarted colonial tropes of thevanishing nativebut, for decades, Indigenous population growth rates have significantly outpaced those of the dominant settler populations. The future survival of Indigenous peoples fundamentally rests on continued natural increase, and understanding the causes and consequences of fertility behaviour is critical. While total fertility rates for Indigenous women in CANZUS countries are relatively low, childbearing tends to be concentrated at younger ages in contrast to the dominant white populations. The fertility transitions of both settler and Indigenous populations in the CANZUS states are well documented, however, a significant gap remains: how cultural factors shape contemporary Indigenous fertility behaviours. Using Aotearoa as a case study, we explore the relationship between Māori cultural identity, birth timing, and the duration of birth intervals. We use the 1995 New Zealand Women: Family, Employment and Education survey data to further test the impact of cultural identity on birth transition rates using the piecewise exponential model and Kaplan-Meier estimates. We find that women who identifyMainlyMāori (exclusively or primarily)are at greater risk of bearing much earlier to first birth but not necessarily subsequent births. However, because of the earlier start, Māori have a longer reproductive window to bear more children, and at higher birth orders still bear earlier than non-Māori. The empirical evidence strengthens our case to suggest that cultural orientation has some influence on Indigenous fertility and contributes to the development of Indigenous-centred theories of fertility and demography more broadly.
Experimental study on parametric configurations of artificially downwelling aerations in stratified water
Authors: Tian Xiaoqing , Wang Zhenlin , Zhang Baofeng , Zeng Ran , Wang Jiyong , Ong Muk Chen , Yang Junyi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDownwelling aeration has become a widely applied approach to cope with the water eutrophication in stratified reservoirs, rivers and lakes. The aeration parameters involving flow rate, flow locations and working periodicity and their impacts on the temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) distributions of water have been largely unclarified, causing extra time and energy consumptions in practice. In this study, a home-built water tank and an aeration pump are used to model the downwelling aeration processes in stratified water. Temporal influences of aeration parameters on the water stratifications and eutrophicated elements are systemically investigated, with the purpose of searching parametric configurations to enhance the anti-eutrophication efficiency. It is found that the variation rates of temperature destratification and DO distribution in the water body could be saturated and strongly correlated with the flow rate. Based on such experimental saturation rates, we find an optimized working condition from the aspect of energy saving: a 300 rpm pump speed and a 15 cm distance between the flow exit and the sediment surface. In such conditions, the total nitrogen and phosphorus dissolved in the bottom layer of water decrease exponentially with aeration time, and can be reduced by 53.8 and 86% in the first 6 h of aerations, respectively, taking full advantage of the microbial bonding to the sedimentations. The present work provides better understandings for efficient implementations of downwelling aerations.
A Workflow for Accelerating Multimodal Data Collection for Electrodeposited Films
Authors: Bassett Kimberly L. , Watkins Tylan , Coleman Jonathan , Bianco Nathan , Bailey Lauren S. , Pillars Jamin , Williams Samuel Garrett , Babuska Tomas F. , Curry John , DelRio Frank W. , Henriksen Amelia A. , Garland Anthony , Hall Justin , Krick Brandon A. , Boyce Brad L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFuture machine learning strategies for materials process optimization will likely replace human capital-intensive artisan research with autonomous and/or accelerated approaches. Such automation enables accelerated multimodal characterization that simultaneously minimizes human errors, lowers costs, enhances statistical sampling, and allows scientists to allocate their time to critical thinking instead of repetitive manual tasks. Previous acceleration efforts to synthesize and evaluate materials have often employed elaborate robotic self-driving laboratories or used specialized strategies that are difficult to generalize. Herein we describe an implemented workflow for accelerating the multimodal characterization of a combinatorial set of 915 electroplated Ni and Ni–Fe thin films resulting in a data cube with over 160,000 individual data files. Our acceleration strategies do not require manufacturing-scale resources and are thus amenable to typical materials research facilities in academic, government, or commercial laboratories. The workflow demonstrated the acceleration of six characterization modalities: optical microscopy, laser profilometry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, nanoindentation, and tribological (friction and wear) testing, each with speedup factors ranging from 13–46x. In addition, automated data upload to a repository using FAIR data principles was accelerated by 64x.
Ultimate tensile capacity of hot-dip galvanized ultra-high-strength steel cut edges and welded joints
Authors: Lipiäinen Kalle , Ahola Antti , Javaheri Vahid , Björk Timo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTensile tests of 6-mm-thick hot-dip galvanized (HDG) S960 specimens were performed. The study focused on room temperature but also − 40 °C cold temperature tests were performed to ensure material behavior and reliability. Microstructural characterization using a scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the influence of HDG. The results showed that HDG slightly decreased the tensile strength of plain S960 specimens whereas its effect on welded joints was not significant in both room and cold temperatures.
Recent Advances and Challenges in Monitoring and Modeling Non-Growing Season Carbon Dioxide Fluxes from the Arctic Boreal Zone
Authors: Arndt Kyle A. , Hashemi Josh , Natali Susan M. , Schiferl Luke D. , Virkkala Anna-Maria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
While previously thought to be negligible, carbon emissions during the non-growing season (NGS) can be a substantial part of the annual carbon budget in the Arctic boreal zone (ABZ), which can shift the carbon balance of these ecosystems from a long-held annual carbon sink towards a net annual carbon source. The purpose of this review is to summarize NGS carbon dioxide (CO2) flux research in the ABZ that has been published within the past 5 years.

Recent Findings
We explore the processes and magnitudes of CO2 fluxes, and the status of modeling efforts, and evaluate future directions. With technological advances, direct measurements of NGS fluxes are increasing at sites across the ABZ over the past decade, showing ecosystems in the ABZ are a large source of CO2 in the shoulder seasons, with low, consistent, winter emissions.

Summary
Ecosystem carbon cycling models are being improved with some challenges, such as modeling below ground and snow processes, which are critical to understanding NGS CO2 fluxes. A lack of representative in situ carbon flux data and gridded environmental data are leading limiting factors preventing more accurate predictions of NGS carbon fluxes.
A Global Review on Innovative, Sustainable, and Effective Materials Composing Growing Media for Forest Seedling Production
Authors: Mariotti Barbara , Oliet Juan A. , Andivia Enrique , Tsakaldimi Marianthi , Villar-Salvador Pedro , Ivetić Vladan , Montagnoli Antonio , Janković Ivona Kerkez , Bilir Nebi , Bohlenius Henrik , Cvjetković Branislav , Dūmiņš Kārlis , Heiskanen Juha , Hinkov Georgi , Fløistad Inger Sundheim , Cocozza Claudia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The demand for forest tree seedlings is increasing globally, and Sphagnum peat moss is widely used as a component of growing media for container plant production. However, peat extraction is environmentally unsustainable. The forest nursery sector needs to switch to more sustainable alternatives to peat. This review aims to identify potential substitutes for peat by reviewing the worldwide literature on alternative materials for growing media in forest nurseries.

Recent Findings
Most studies on alternative growing media focused on single plant species growing under local conditions, thereby limiting generalizations about the effectiveness of alternative materials for plant production. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews of scientific literature on the effectiveness of new, alternative-to-peat materials for enhancing plant growth and the associated growing media characteristics for the forest nursery sector are currently available.

Summary
Most of the analyzed case studies focused on angiosperms (73.1%), with the majority of studies coming from tropical seasonal forests/savannas (36.5%), followed by woodlands/shrublands (31.6%), and temperate forests (15.0%) biomes. Compost was the most studied material (19.5%), followed by bark, other organic materials, and manure (9.8, 9.7, and 8.0%, respectively). Green and municipal wastes were the principal sources of compost (> 60%), while agriculture and green wastes were the first sources of other materials (> 90%). Tested materials were dependent on the geographic region. Thus, manure was the most tested material in Africa and South America, tree bark in North America, and compost in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Alternative materials effectively provided optimal physicochemical characteristics of growing media and enhanced seedling nursery growth when compared with peat-based growing media in more than 60% of the case studies. This review helps to identify research gaps and, most importantly, provides the basis for the future application of alternative growing media materials in forest nursery management worldwide.
Influence of Green Areas on the Urban Sound Environment
Authors: Rey-Gozalo Guillermo , Barrigón Morillas Juan Miguel , Montes González David , Vílchez-Gómez Rosendo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Urban green spaces provide benefits for human health and well-being, among other properties, thanks to their ability to attenuate environmental pollutants. The sound environment is not healthy in most cities, and this situation has not changed in recent decades. These green spaces are potential quiet areas with good acoustic quality if they are designed and planned properly from a multidisciplinary perspective. Although the mitigating effects of green infrastructure have been extensively studied, their application in green areas has been very limited. The objective of this study is to analyze those characteristics of green spaces that contribute to a healthy soundscape and, in turn, the benefits that this would give them to the characteristics of green areas, users, and their physical environment.

Recent Findings
Current studies show that to accurately determine the relationship between green spaces and health and well-being benefits, it is necessary to know the interaction with other environmental variables, including the soundscape. The development and application of ISO/TS 12913-2 have promoted the consideration of the soundscape and the use of appropriate procedures for its evaluation.

Summary
The inclusion of soundscape quality in epidemiological studies will improve the quantification of the effects of green spaces on the health and well-being of citizens. Only the consideration of global indicators, such as Lden (dB), show the importance of the sound environment in the interaction with other environmental variables and user activities for the determination of the effects of green spaces on health.