bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary investigation of electrodynamic charged droplet processing to couple capillary liquid chromatography with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Bogan Michael J. , Agnes George R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCharged droplet processing methodology, that utilizes electrodynamic levitation technology to control the trajectories of picoliter volume charged droplets and deliver them to a target plate at atmospheric pressure, has been developed. Termed wall‐less sample preparation (WaSP), this methodology offers several features that could prove beneficial to the preparation of sample spots from separation column effluents for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) analysis. These features include solute pre‐concentration factors of 101 to 103 due to volatile solvent evaporation prior to droplet deposition onto the target plate, high spatial accuracy of the deposition position of each processed droplet (±5 μm), and the ability to prepare sample spots as small as 20 μm in diameter from a single droplet. Here a new mode of operation of this methodology is described and used as an offline post‐column pre‐concentrating interface between capillary liquid chromatography (capLC) and a target plate for offline MALDI‐MS. Using a fraction from the capLC separation of peptides produced by the proteolytic digestion of the protein cytidine 5′‐triphosphate:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, MALDI sample spots were prepared using the dried‐droplet method, direct piezoelectric droplet dispensing, and the processing of piezo‐dispensed droplets by WaSP. The sample spot morphology was investigated using light microscopy, and peptide ion abundances produced by MALDI were measured using time‐of‐flight (TOF) MS. The advantages of developing an online capLC/WaSP interface with MALDI‐MS in the future are discussed along with some of the challenges that may be encountered in such an endeavor. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global distribution of rotavirus serotypes/genotypes and its implication for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine
Authors: Santos Norma , Hoshino Yasutaka 
Published: October 2004

AbstractA safe and effective rotavirus vaccine is urgently needed, particularly in developing countries. Critical to vaccine development and implementation is a knowledge base concerning the epidemiology of rotavirus G and P serotypes/genotypes throughout the world. The temporal and geographical distribution of human rotavirus G and P types was reviewed by analysing a total of 45571 strains collected globally from 124 studies reported from 52 countries on five continents published between 1989 and 2004. Four common G types (G1, G2, G3 and G4) in conjunction with P[8] or P[4] represented over 88% of the strains analysed worldwide. In addition, serotype G9 viruses associated with P[8] or P[6] were shown to have emerged as the fourth globally important G type with the relative frequency of 4.1%. When the global G and/or P type distributions were divided into five continents/subcontinents, several characteristic features emerged. For example, the P[8]G1 represented over 70% of rotavirus infections in North America, Europe and Australia, but only about 30% of the infections in South America and Asia, and 23% in Africa. In addition, in Africa (i) the relative frequency of G8 was as high as that of the globally common G3 or G4, (ii) P[6] represented almost one‐third of all P types identified and (iii) 27% of the infections were associated with rotavirus strains bearing unusual combinations such as P[6]G8 or P[4]G8. Furthermore, in South America, uncommon G5 virus appeared to increase its epidemiological importance among children with diarrhea. Such findings have (i) confirmed the importance of continued active rotavirus strain surveillance in a variety of geographical settings and (ii) provided important considerations for the development and implementation of an effective rotavirus vaccine (e.g. a geographical P‐G type adjustment in the formulation of next generation multivalent vaccines). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constructing agoras of the global village: a Co‐laboratory of Democracy on the conscious evolution of humanity
Authors: Hays Paul R. , Michaelides Marios 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis is a report of the Co‐laboratory of Democracy on Constructing Agoras of the Global Village. With a diverse set of participants from different parts of the world engaged in a structured dialogue, the overall aim was to generate the interest to conduct similar co‐laboratories by participants in different parts of the global village. The specific objectives set for this workshop were: to create a shared understanding of the challenges that will need to be addressed in the construction of agoras of the global village in the context of globalization; to build commitment to an action agenda for collaboratively addressing the ‘system of challenges’; and to begin forging a ‘chain of interactions’ which will embrace the variety of stakeholders of the situation in implementing the agenda for overcoming the system of challenges. The characteristic of this co‐laboratory of democracy was that it was an agora dealing with the issue of agoras. This meta‐agora did not address a specific issue or problem, which made things a bit confusing, but also very revealing. In the end, the participants and facilitators all learned about the process of structured dialogue and the nature of dialogues themselves. They were also able to design a preliminary set of options to initiate construction of agoras of the global village. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigeneity, an alternative worldview: four R's (relationship, responsibility, reciprocity, redistribution) vs. two P's (power and profit). Sharing the journey towards conscious evolution
Authors: Harris La Donna , Wasilewski Jacqueline 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLa Donna Harris, founder of Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), discusses the two‐decade‐long collaboration between AIO and Alexander Christakis, President of ISSS, and other systems scientists. Structured dialogue processes have provided culturally resonant means through which Indigenous peoples have been able to identify and articulate their core values to broader audiences, especially the four R's (Relationship, Responsibility, Reciprocity and Redistribution). These Four R's form the core of an emerging concept, Indigeneity. The dynamic inclusivity of this value cluster has much to contribute to global discourse as we go about the task of constructing global agoras, the dialogic spaces of optimal mutual learning of the 21st century. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigenous Wisdom of the People Forum: strategies for expanding a web of transnational indigenous interactions
Authors: Harris Laura , Wasilewski Jacqueline 
Published: October 2004

AbstractLaura Harris, President of Americans for Indian Opportunity (AIO), and one of the facilitators of the Indigenous Wisdom of the People Forum (WOPF) held at the 47th ISSS Conference, discusses why Indigenous people participated in the conference, the development of ILISTM (the Indigenous Leaders Interactive System, which is the structured dialogue process used to conduct the Indigenous WOPF) and the forum itself. Native American and Maori community members came to the conference to be able to share their Indigeneity on an international platform. Indigeneity is an emerging cluster of concepts (see La Donna Harris's contribution to this same volume) which tries to capture the conceptual contributions Indigenous people have to make to contemporary global discourse in the face of globalization. ILISTM has played a big role in assisting Indigenous people to ‘re‐cognize’ their ancestral knowledge and to articulate Indigenous systems thinking to the members of contemporary society, both inside and outside Indigenous communities. One outcome of this reflective articulation has been the creation of a new international Indigenous peoples' organization, Advancement of Global Indigeneity (AGI). The task of the Indigenous WOPF held on 7–10 July 2003 was to identify strategies for AGI's further outreach to other Indigenous groups in the world beyond the Native North American and Maori founders of AGI. One of the major reasons that the forum was a success was the ability of ILIS to authentically engage a very diverse set of participants, Indigenous and non‐Indigenous, ranging from people who had had much experience with Indigenous issues as well as those who had had no previous experience, and to enable them to effectively articulate their ideas for AGI's further development and outreach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a grounded theory of sustainability in social service organizations: a systems point of view
Authors: Sanders Karen E. , Francis Karen , Lum May , Schiada Gwen 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper was prepared for presentation at the 47th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Systems Sciences in Crete, Greece. It explores the problem of sustainability from a systems point of view within the context of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative—an initiative launched by the US Congress in 1999 to fund a multifaceted response to the difficult challenge of youth violence. A grounded theory of sustainability is proposed, based on the design of social systems, as an alternative to the current political emphasis on classical reductionist science‐based approaches to school reform. Further, insight into transformational leadership opportunities through evidence‐based social systems design strategies is offered. This paper represents an initial attempt to apply these principles within the context of school–community partnerships and sustainability. Subsequent work will provide further exploration and development. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What can cybernetics contribute to the conscious evolution of organizations and society?
Authors: Schwaninger Markus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis contribution is based on the Ludwig von Bertalanffy Lecture delivered by the author at the 47th Conference of the International Society for the System Sciences (ISSS) in Crete, 7 July 2003. The conference was organized around the issue ‘Conscious Evolution of Humanity: Using Systems Thinking to Construct Agoras of the Global Village’. This article explores the potential and actual contributions of cybernetics to organizational and societal evolution. The focus is on the models and conceptual tools of managerial cybernetics. When properly used these can become powerful pivots of an ‘evolution by design’, as opposed to an evolution at the mercy of mere chance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dialogue on the future of ISSS: Team Syntegrity sessions at the Crete conference
Authors: Schwaninger Markus , Leonard Allenna 
Published: October 2004

AbstractOne of the sections of the the 47th Conference of the International Society for the System Sciences (ISSS) in Crete was dedicated to the methodology and applications of Team Syntegrity (TS). TS is a methodology to make the discourse of large groups effective, which is particularly useful in the context of conversations about the future. This contribution is centred on a Team Syntegrity event in which members of the conference initiated a dialogue on the future of ISSS. The paper provides a report and a reflection about that event, and an outlook on how to embark on an ongoing discourse about that vital concern of the Society. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wisdom of the people
Authors: Christakis Alexander N. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis paper was delivered as the Presidential address for the 47th International Society for the Systems Sciences Annual Conference in Crete, Greece. It builds and elaborates on the theme of the conference, which was ‘Conscious Evolution of Humanity: Using Systems Thinking to Construct Agoras of the Global Village’. The role of true dialogue in the context of the trends towards globalization, and the predicament of indigenous people to sustain democracy and cultural dignity and autonomy, are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties of Korean Amaranth Starch Compared to Waxy Millet and Waxy Sorghum Starches
Authors: Choi Hunjai , Kim Wansoo , Shin Malshick 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCharacteristics of waxy type starches isolated from amaranth, waxy millet and waxy sorghum harvested in Korea were evaluated. Shapes of all starch granules were polygonal or slightly round and the surfaces of waxy millet and waxy sorghum starch granules showed visible pores. Amylose contents of the three starches were between 3.2–6.0% and amaranth starch showed the highest water binding capacity (WBC) (130.7%). The swelling power and solubility of amaranth starch studied at 65.0–95.0°C increased about 13.7‐ and 14.0‐fold, respectively, with increase in temperature. Swelling power of waxy sorghum starch was the highest (72.6 at 95°C) among the starches studied, while amaranth starch had a constant swelling power and its rate of solubility increasely only slowly at temperatures higher than 75°C. From RVA data, initial pasting temperatures of amaranth, waxy sorghum and waxy millet starches were 75.7, 73.3 and 75.2°C, respectively. Peak viscosity, breakdown, and setback from trough of amaranth starch were 68.3, 16.7 and 7.5 RVU, respectively, which were the lowest values among the starches investigated. Using DSC, onset temperature of gelatinization of amaranth starch was 1.5–4.0°C higher than those of waxy sorghum and millet starches, corresponding to the RVA result. The enthalpies of gelatinization of the starches studied in our laboratory were in the range of 8.5–12.7 J/g with decreasing order of waxy sorghum > amaranth > waxy millet starch.
Coteaching: Creating resources for learning and learning to teach chemistry in urban high schools
Authors: Roth Wolff‐Michael , Tobin Kenneth , Carambo Cristobal , Dalland Chris 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHow do new teachers become confident and competent while they are interns in inner‐city neighborhood schools challenged by many problems, often associated with economic shortfalls and cultural differences between the students and their teachers? Many science teacher education programs place a lot of emphasis on the planning stages of curriculum. But considerable discrepancies emerge between planned and lived curriculum, particularly in inner‐city, comprehensive high schools, and especially in classrooms that honor student interests and culture as starting points for learning. Previous research showed that coteaching provides opportunities for learning to teach even though the lived curriculum emerges often in unpredictable ways from the dialectic of collective (teacher and students) agency and structure. The present study allowed us to understand the underlying processes: the presence of a coteacher increases access to social and material resources, and thereby increases opportunities for actions that otherwise would not occur. Greater teaching opportunities provide newcomers with greater opportunities of learning to teach. ? 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 882‐904, 2004.
Bone Mineral Density in Menopausal Women with Primary Hyperparathyroidism before and after Parathyroidectomy
Authors: Sitges‐Serra Antonio , Girvent Meritxell , Pereira José A. , Jimeno Jaime , Nogués Xavier , Cano Francisco J. , Sancho Joan J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe relationship between osteoporosis and primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has not been definitely established because both diseases occur predominantly in postmenopausal women, and because PTH has a paradoxical effect on bone. We have investigated the prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in women with pHPT, its relationship with metabolic parameters, and its course after parathyroidectomy. A prospective observational study was carried out on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women consecutively diagnosed and operated on for pHPT. Demographic data were recorded, as well as, PTH, Ca, calciuria/24h, P, vitamin D, adenoma weight. The BMD was measured at three sites: femoral neck (FN), proximal femur (PF), and lumbar spine (LS). Fifty‐two patients were included with a mean age of 61 ± 12 years. The prevalence of reduced BMD (≤ 1SD, T‐score) was 80%–100% depending on site. Parathyroid hormone was higher in patients with osteoporosis (319 ± 181 pg/ml) than in those with osteopenia (230 ± 83 pg/ml) or normal BMD (148 ± 81 pg/ml; p < 0,04). Twenty‐eight patients were investigated 1 year after parathyroidectomy. The BMD improved significantly at all sites, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. Age correlated inversely with BMD increases at the femoral sites (r= –0,47; p = 0,02) but not at the LS. 25‐OHD3 plasma levels correlated inversely with BMD increases at PF (r= –0,76; p < 0,0001). In pHPT, there is a high prevalence of BMD abnormalities. No metabolic variables had a definite influence on BMD values but a tendency was observed for lower BMD in severe pHPT. One year after parathyroidectomy, there were significant BMD increases that were more marked at femoral sites, in younger patients, in patients with preoperative osteoporosis, and in those with lower plasma levels of 25‐OHD3.
Fine Needle Aspiration and Intraparathyroid Intact Parathyroid Hormone Measurement for Reoperative Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Kiblut Natacha K. , Cussac Jean‐Félix , Soudan Benoît , Farrell Stephen G. , Armstrong John A. , Arnalsteen Laurent , Biechlin Anne , Delattre Alexis A. , Proye Charles A.G. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSome authors have praised the value of fine needle aspiration (FNA) with measurement of intraparathyroid intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for localization of the hypersecreting gland(s) in recurrent or persistent primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The aim of the present study was to determinate whether FNA for iPTH assay is an effective procedure to distinguish between normal and hypersecreting parathyroid glands. We performed a prospective study of 170 patients who underwent cervicotomy. They were divided into three groups: group A, 50 patients with thyroid diseases; group B, 100 patients with primary HPT; group C, 20 patients with secondary HPT. We performed intraoperative FNA for iPTH measurement from the thyroid, and from the normal and enlarged parathyroid glands, and we compared the different intraglandular iPTH assays. In group A, the intraparathyroid iPTH level was < 1000 pg/ml in 68% of the patients. In group B, in the pathological parathyroid gland iPTH was > 1000 in 88%; conversely, in the normal adjacent parathyroid glands it was < 1000 in 79%. In group C, intraparathyroid iPTH of enlarged glands was > 1000 in 80%. Intrathyroid iPTH was < 100 pg/ml in 96% for the three groups. We conclude that FNA for intraglandular iPTH measurement is an effective tool for distinguishing between normal and pathological parathyroid glands in the setting of primary HPT (p < 0.05), and between thyroid and parathyroid glands in groups A and B. But the procedure should be carried out in conjunction with the sestamibi scan and ultrasonography before surgical reintervention.
131I‐Meta‐iodobenzylguanidine in the Management of Metastatic Midgut Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Sywak Mark S. , Pasieka Janice L. , McEwan Alexander , Kline Greg , Rorstad Otto 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe management of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors incorporates multimodal therapy with surgery, biotherapy, and chemotherapy. Tumor‐targeted therapies using radiolabeled octreotide and meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) represent a novel treatment approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 131I‐mIBG in the treatment of metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors. survival outcomes were assessed for patients treated at two regional cancer centers and then compared. One center used 131I‐mIBG routinely in the management of metastatic carcinoid tumors (center A), and the other did not use this modality (center B). Only patients with histologically proven metastatic carcinoid tumor shown, or thought most likely, to be of midgut origin were included in the study. During the period 1980 to 2002, a series of 58 patients from center A with metastatic carcinoid tumor arising from the midgut underwent multimodality therapy with the addition of 131I‐mIBG. Their median age was 64 years. The median dose of 131I‐mIBG administered was 6751 MBq, and there was an average of 2.8 treatments per patient. During the same period, 58 patients with metastatic carcinoid were treated at center B with similar multimodality therapy without the use of 131I‐mIBG therapy. Their median age was 65 years. Survivals at 3 and 5 years were 77% and 63%, respectively (95% CI 47–75), for group A. The 3‐ and 5‐year survivals for group B were 56% and 47% (95% CI 34–59), respectively. The mean follow‐up was 6.6 years for group A and 5.0 years for group B. Although retrospective in nature, this study suggests that the addition of 131I‐mIBG therapy to the treatment protocol of patients with metastatic midgut carcinoid tumors prolongs survival.
Risk Factors for Recurrent Nodular Goiter after Thyroidectomy for Benign Disease: Case‐control Study of 244 Patients
Authors: Gibelin Hélène , Sierra Mauricio , Mothes Denis , Ingrand Pierre , Levillain Pierre , Jones Corinne , Hadjadj Sammy , Torremocha Florence , Marechaud Richard , Barbier Jacques , Kraimps Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2004

AbstractSurgery for recurrent nodular goiter is associated with a significant risk of parathyroid and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) morbidity. Total thyroidectomy for benign disease is assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence and the morbidity associated with reoperation. From 1969 to 1996 a total of 4334 thyroidectomies were performed, of which 122 were for recurrent nodular goiter (group I: 116 women, 6 men). A matched case‐control study of 122 patients operated on for nonrecurrent multinodular goiter was performed (group II: 112 women, 10 men). Age, family history, initial surgery, pathology, and morbidity were compared in the two groups by ċ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mantel‐Haenszel test. The mean age was 39.88 years in group I and 47.89 years in group II. There was no statistical difference in relation to the extent of thyroidectomy or morbidity after initial surgery. Statistical differences were identified regarding age (p = 0.000002) and the multinodular nature of the initial goiter (p = 0.005). Bilaterality and family history were less significant (p = 0.09 and p = 0.08, respectively). Temporary RLN palsy and temporary hypoparathyroidism were higher in group I (12.3% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.0737; 10.6% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.00337). Permanent RLN palsy was found in 0.8% in group I and in none in group II (p = 0.5, NS). Young age and multiple nodules at initial surgery are risk factors for recurrence. A higher rate of temporary morbidity was demonstrated after surgery for recurrent goiter. Total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter is advisable.