bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Knowledge and Utilisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Agricultural Sector, its Problems and Prospects- A Study in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India”
Authors: Kalita Romen , Deka Nivedita 
Published: January 2024

Agriculture is different from other industry and it plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. In a country like India, its prosperity depends upon the development of agricultural. There are different sorts of agricultural products that have been produced in India and therefore the production and marketing of these farm products is quite difficult. Awareness of farmers regarding different methods of production, components of market information and its utility is generally verypoor with compared to the traders. In this context, Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have a great role to change the existing traditional agricultural system in developing countries. An attempt is made to study the relationship between various socio-economic factors and knowledge and utilization of ICT in agricultural sector in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam. Apart from these, problems and prospects of using ICT in agricultural sector is also analysed in the study area. Through application of ICTs in agriculture it is possible to; make efficient information dissemination, bring precision agriculture, production decision and increase market access of farmers. Now-a-days, most of the farmers of developing countries majority of rural farmers’ have access to ICT tools. However, most of the farmers have no enough awareness on the significance role of ICTs for agricultural production and its subsequent impact on welfare improvement. It is found that age and farm experience, extension contact and agricultural enterprise are negatively associated with knowledge and utilization of ICT among farmers. On the other hand, education, land holding, income and mass media participation are found to have positive correlation with knowledge and utilization of ICT among farmers. Lack of awareness, lack of reliable content in vernacular medium and high cost are some significant constraints of using ICT in agriculture. Therefore, proper training, provision of adequate training channelizing ICT to farmers through farmers organization can enhance the use of ICT in agriculture
Genetic Estimations of Available Quality Traits for Improved Growth Yield of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch) in Kumarganj, India
Authors: Anjali  , Yadav G. C. , Harshitha C. R. , Patel Abinash Kumar , Gautam Abhishek 
Published: January 2024

Pumpkin is one of the most economically important and nutritious member of the family Cucurbitaceae. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in per cent of mean among the 30 genotypes including one check variety (Narendra Agrim) for 21 qualitative and quantitative traits. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replication ,the observations were recorded on the traits like days to 50% staminate flower anthesis , days to 50% pistillate flower anthesis, node no. to first staminate flower anthesis, node no. to first pistillate flower anthesis, vine length, no. of nodes, no. of primary branches, inter-nodal length, days to first fruit harvest, polar circumference, equatorial circumference, flesh thickness, cavity, average fruit weight, no. of fruits per plant, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, non reducing sugars, total sugars, fruit yield per plant. The analysis of variance for the design of experiments indicated highly significant difference among the genotypes for all 21 characters. The four genotypesviz.NDPK-17-12-1,NDPK-23,NDPK-P-6 and NDPK-32-1-2 were found significantly superior for fruit yield per plant over the check variety (NarendraAgrim).The PCV was higher than the GCV and was found highest for the trait fruit yield per plant, the presence of high heritability in broad sense along with high genetic advance in per cent of mean were observed for fruit yield per plant.Therefore,from the above obtained results it can be concluded that the characters will result in effective crop improvement for higher yield and yield contributing traits.
Integrated Management of Alternaria Leaf Spot of Cauliflower under Pot Conditions
Authors: Sunitha Mummineni , Jha P. K. 
Published: January 2024

Cauliflower is widely grown throughout the world. Alternaria leaf spot of Cauliflower caused by Alternaria brassicae is the most destructive disease at the curd stage and seed setting stage, attributed to causing 30-50% losses and in severe cases reaching up to 98% in seed crop. In the present investigation, the pathogen Alternaria brassicae was found to produce typical symptoms of the disease as small, irregular brown spots with concentric rings, also surrounded by a yellow chlorotic halo. Later on, lesions were found to coalesce forming irregular, brown to dark brown patches with concentric rings. The disease is difficult to manage alone with fungicides or bio agents or botanicals. Hence the present study was undertaken to manage the disease effectively by application of fungicides, bio agents, botanicals and their combinations. During the investigation on integrated management under sick pot conditions, the combination of T. viride + Neem + Azoxystrobin (10.81% Percent Disease Index) was found most effective with inhibition of disease by 79.02%. This was followed by T. viride + Azoxystrobin (11.63% Percent Disease Index) with inhibition of the disease by 77.40% compared to the control 51.52% Percent Disease Index.
Electrochemical synthesis of sulfonated polypyrrole in FSO3H/acetonitrile solution
Authors: Şahin Yücel , Aydın Arzu , Udum Yasemin Arslan , Pekmez Kadir , Yıldız Attila 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe incorporation of SO3− groups into a polypyrrole backbone was successfully carried out using FSO3H/acetonitrile medium. The degree of sulfonation (sulfonation or sulfur‐to‐nitrogen ratio) of polymer was controlled by varying FSO3H concentration while the film was being electrodeposited. The cyclic voltammograms of the electrodeposited films were taken between −1.00 and +2.00 V (versus Ag/AgCl) in blank solution. A substantial effect on the electrical conductivity was observed upon the incorporation of SO3− groups in the polypyrrole polymeric chain. The elemental analysis results of the freshly prepared and reduced films give independent evidence that the SO3− groups are covalently bound to the structure. FTIR, UV‐Vis, spectroscopy and SEM techniques were used to characterize the electrosynthesized polypyrrole films. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 526–533, 2004
A new PDMS macromonomer stabilizer for dispersion polymerization of styrene in supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Wang Ruolei , Cheung H. Michael 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFree radical polymerization of styrene in supercritical CO2 requires addition of a surfactant to produce polystyrene (PS) in high conversion and molecular weight with well‐defined particle sizes. In this work, we examined a new stabilizer that can provide effective stabilization for the polymerization of styrene. A commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) macromonomer has been employed as a stabilizer for dispersion polymerization of PS in scCO2. The reactions were conducted in a 225‐mL stainless steel autoclave over the temperature range 60–80°C and under pressures of 1,500 to 3,000 psi. After 2–12 h of polymerization, the conversion determined by gravimetrical method was between 20 and 80%. These preliminary results suggest that this macromonomer offers satisfactory stabilization for the styrene system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 545–549, 2004
Long‐term bladder function in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and type 3–4 radical hysterectomy
Authors: Benedetti‐Panici Pierluigi , Zullo Marzio Angelo , Plotti Francesco , Manci Natalina , Muzii Ludovico , Angioli Roberto 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the incidence of long‐term bladder dysfunction after type 3–4 radical hysterectomy in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).METHODSA case–control study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of long‐term bladder dysfunction in 76 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB–IIA (> 4 cm), Stage IIB, and Stage III cervical carcinoma who underwent type 3–4 radical hysterectomy after NACT. Preoperative assessment included acquisition of a standardized urogynecologic history, evaluation of severity of urinary incontinence symptoms, maintenance of a 3‐day voiding diary, pelvic examination, urogynecologic physical examination, urodynamic assessment, and estimation of hydronephrosis. Follow‐up was carried out at least 12 months after surgery.RESULTSUrinary symptoms (sensory loss, difficult micturition, severe urinary incontinence) were reported by 20 patients (26%). Eighteen patients (24%) had a normal urodynamic profile, 16 patients (21%) had detrusor overactivity, 22 patients (29%) had urodynamic stress incontinence, 2 patients (2%) had aconctractile detrusor, and 18 patients (24%) had mixed urinary incontinence. The length of vagina removed was significantly greater among patients who had detrusor overactivity and mixed urinary incontinence compared with patients who had a normal diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThe observed rate of bladder dysfunction was higher than the corresponding rate reported in the literature (76%). Three main disturbances were found: detrusor overactivity (21%), mixed urinary incontinence (24%), and de novo stress incontinence (21%). Detrusor overactivity was related to a prevalence of hypertonic bladder. Among patients who underwent type 4 radical hysterectomy, the extent of caudal resection of rectovaginal ligaments and vaginal tissue was found to be more strongly associated with bladder dysfunction than was the extent of lateral parametrial resection. Despite the fact that 76% of patients had abnormal urodynamic parameters, most patients were satisfied with their voiding condition. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Clean‐up of polluted wet soils by solvent extraction
Authors: Nardella Alessandro , Massetti Felicia , Sisto Raffaello , Tomaciello Raffaele 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPresent study describes a process for soil clean‐up that, using a mixture of ethyl acetate and acetone, can treat wet soils without any pretreatment. According to a proprietary method, solvent mixture composition is chosen in relation to soil water content, in order to promote the formation of a dispersed slurry where soil‐solvent contact is greatly enhanced. Bench scale treatment was carried out on soils coming from three different industrial sites and contaminated with chloro‐organic compounds, included polychlorobiphenyls (PCB), and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PNA). Treatment process scheme depended on soil texture characteristics and soil‐solvent separation represented a decisive factor; solvent mixture demonstrated high extraction efficiencies and rates in all examined cases. Cost estimate for a 5 t/h plant is about 200 $ per ton of treated soil.
Development of an extractive membrane bioreactor for degradation of 3 chloro‐4‐methylaniline: From lab bench to pilot scale
Authors: Splendiani Antonietta , Moreira de Sa Joaquim A.G.C. , Jorge Ruben , Nicolella Cristiano , Livingston Andrew G. , Hughes Kevin , Cook Stuart 
Published: April 2004

AbstractExtractive Membrane Bioreactor(EMB) technology has been applied to an industrial wastewater containing 3‐chloro‐4‐methylaniline, para‐toluidine and methanol produced at the Hickson and Welch Ltd. production site in Castleford, UK. Successful treatment was accomplished through a step‐wise approach to process development, involving selection of a suitable microbial culture, extractive membrane bioreactor operation under well controlled laboratory conditions, and finally pilot scale‐application at the production site. Three experimental steps we re undertaken: (1) a microbial culture capable of degrading 3‐chloro‐4‐methylaniline was developed in a continuous enrichment reactor; (2) the selected culture was then inoculated to a lab‐scale EMB unit and adapted to the conditions of the industrial waste; and (3) finally the process was scaled‐up to assess feasibility and performance at pilot‐scale. At the pilot scale, 100% extraction of the target molecules contained in the industrial wastewater was achieved in a 1 m3 extractive membrane bioreactor treating 60 g/d 3‐chloro‐4‐methylaniline and 30 g/d para‐toluidine. Stoichiometric amounts of chloride were generated, indicating complete mineralization of 3‐chloro‐4‐methylaniline.
Weighting in LCA – approaches and applications
Authors: Bengtsson Magnus , Steen Bengt 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe article deals with the weighting step in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Different weighting methods are briefly described, and four operational such methods (Ecoscarcity 97, EDIP, Ecoindicator 99, and EPS 2000d) are applied to a simplified case to illustrate how they can contribute with additional information to the environmental assessment and decision making process. It is argued that the use of weighting can contribute to the relevance and acceptability of LCA results, but that the weighting step should be seen as a test of the compatibility between environmental impact profiles and different value profiles rather than as a procedure leading to a true measure of the aggregated impact. The authors also discuss some issues of controversy connected to weighting, as well as the practical implications of the ISO standard for weighting in LCA.
Assessing sorbent injection mercury control effectiveness in flue gas streams
Authors: Carey Todd R. , Richardson Carl F. , Chang Ramsay , Meserole Frank B. , Rostam‐Abadi Massoud , Chen Scott 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOne promising approach for removing mercury from coalfired, utility flue gas involves the direct injection of mercury sorbents. Although this method has been effective at removing mercury in municipal waste incinerators, tests conducted to date on utility coal‐fired boilers show that mercury removal is much more difficult in utility flue gas. EPRI is conducting research to investigate mercury removal using sorbents in this application. Bench‐scale, pilot‐scale, and field tests have been conducted to determine the ability of different sorbents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams.This paper focuses on recent bench‐scale and field test results evaluating the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and fly ash and the use of these results to develop a predictive mercury removal model. Field tests with activated carbon show that adsorption characteristics measured in the lab agree reasonably well with characteristics measured in the field. However, more laboratory and field data will be needed to identify other gas phase components which may impact performance. This will allow laboratory tests to better simulate field conditions and pro vide improved estimates of sorbent performance for specific sites. In addition to activated carbon results, bench‐scale and modeling results using fly ash are presented which suggest that certain fly ashes are capable of adsorbing mercury.
The OAQPS control cost manual vs. Levelized cost method
Authors: Vatavuk William M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor nearly two decades, EPA's OAQPS Control Cost Manual has been the authoritative source for estimating the capital and annual costs of air pollution control systems at a variety of stationary emission sources—cement kilns, chemical plants, surface coating operations, and many others. In fact, many state permitting authorities have mandated that the Manual cost‐estimating methodology be used in preparing the cost analyses required with permit applications. In certain situations, however, other cost‐estimating methodologies have been used. Several Manual users have asked the author how its cost‐estimating methodology compares with the levelized cost method, and how costs estimated via one procedure can be converted to the other. This article attempts to answer those questions.
Demonstration of pilot‐scale pervaporation systems for volatile organic compound removal from a surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation fluid I. Spiral wound membrane modules
Authors: Alvarez Franklin R. , Vane Leland M. , Hitchens Lynnann 
Published: April 2004

AbstractDuring the summer of 1996, a pilot‐scale demonstration of a surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) process for removal of dense non‐aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from soils was conducted at Hill Air Force Base in Layton, Utah. Five thousand gallons of the extracted DNAPL‐surfactant solution were transported to Cincinnati, Ohio, to be processed at the U.S. EPA's Test & Evaluation Facility, in a pervaporation pilot‐scale unit equipped with spiral wound modules. The main DNAPLs in the extracted SEAR fluid were trichloroethylene (TCE) at 3,000 mg/L, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (TCA) at 450 mg/L, and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) at 400 mg/L. The solution also contained 2.5 wt % anionic surfactant, 1.5 wt % isopropyl alcohol, and 1.0 wt % salt. This demonstration highlighted complications posed by secondary contaminants to this application of spiral wound modules. Thirteen runs were performed with commercially available spiral wound pervaporation modules at various flow rates and temperatures. Single‐pass VOC removal ranged from 50% to 98%. In all cases, TCE removal was almost identical to TCA removal and both were easier to remove than PCE.
Evolution of hazardous waste combustors MACT standards
Authors: Lamb Charles W. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis year, on July 24, the DC Circuit Court ruled that the EPA had not correctly derived emission standards, and vacated the MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) rule for Hazardous Waste Combustors (HWC) [1, 2]. A major complaint, voiced by the Sierra Club, was that the MACT methodology was misapplied in a manner that produced overly lenient standards. Industry and trade associations argued just the opposite. The Sierra Club won the first round when the court agreed that the emission standards should be based on the average of the best‐performing 12% of units in each category.The next question was, “What will be the regulations until the final standards can be developed?” This caused considerable angst because, if no standards were in place by May 15, 2002, control would revert to case‐by‐case permits by Federal and State regulatory agencies as set forth in Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Obviously, that would be the antithesis of the Congressional mandate and the objectives of environmental groups. The Sierra Club and most litigants did not want the uncertainties and inconsistencies this would introduce.
Dow chemical pilot of total “business” cost assessment methodology: A tool to translate EH&S “…right things to do” into economic terms (dollars)
Authors: Koch Duane 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA group of somewhat diverse chemical companies have completed a collaboration focused on assessing the total cost associated with environmental, health, and safety aspects of chemical processing. This collaboration was enabled through AIChE's Center for Waste Reduction Technologies. Dow has actively piloted this tool since June 1999. These experiences have taken the form of focused workshops, and evolved towards an almost exclusive focus on costs/benefits that will be realized by the businesses. Thus the title Total “Business” Cost Assessment has emerged within Dow. Aligning the information available on externalities in a manner that supports meaningful decision‐making within a company remains a significant challenge and has not been addressed in the Dow pilot effort. Key to the process is the engagement of a multifunctional team in the workshop to convert the ideas and issues understood to be “the right thing to do” into economic metrics. This methodology was applied to the EH&S 2005 goals established in 1996 and resulted in establishing a “fuller” economic benefit for achieving these goals which was almost twice as much as originally estimated. The businesses and functions within Dow applying TBCA are finding the results deliver improved understanding of their EH&S value proposition, which enhances the decision‐making process.
Cryogenic condensation: A cost‐effective technology for controlling VOC emissions
Authors: Davis Robert J. , Zeiss Robert F. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractCryogenic condensation is an extremely cost‐effective technology for controlling emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from chemical processing facilities under certain conditions. This paper describes the technology and provides the case history of an application in the pharmaceutical industry, in which its cost effectiveness was compared with a range of alternative technologies, including thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, flaring, carbon adsorption, and scrubbing. Because the facility already used significant quantities of liquid and gaseous nitrogen for inerting, blanketing, and purging, a very convenient cold source for cryogenic condensation was already present. On a lifetime cost basis, cryogenic condensation was significantly less costly than all other technologies evaluated.
Calculating realistic PM10 emissions from cooling towers
Authors: Reisman Joel , Frisbie Gordon 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEmissions of particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) from wet cooling towers may be calculated using the methodology presented in EPA's AP‐42 [1], which assumes that all total dissolved solids (TDS) emitted in “drift” particles (liquid water entrained in the air stream and carried out of the tower through the induced draft fan stack) are PM10. However, this assumption is overly conservative because it does not consider that, upon evaporation of the drift, many of the solid particles that remain are larger than PM10. Particles larger than 10 micrometers do not represent a health hazard and are not regulated under current air quality regulations. For example, for wet cooling towers with medium to high TDS levels, the AP‐42 methodology predicts significantly higher PM10 emissions than would actually occur, even for towers equipped with very high efficiency drift eliminators (e.g., 0.0006% drift rate). Such over‐prediction may result in unrealistically high PM10 modeled concentrations and/or the need to purchase expensive Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs) in PM10 non‐attainment areas. Since these towers have fairly low emission points (10 to 15 m above ground), over‐predicting PM10 emission rates can also result in exceeding federal Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) significance levels at a project's fenceline. This paper presents a method for computing realistic PM10 emissions from cooling towers with medium to high TDS levels by enabling the engineer to determine the PM10 mass fraction of the total amount of particulate emitted by a cooling tower.
Converting waste gases from pulp mills into value‐added chemicals
Authors: Burgess Tom L. , Gibson Andrew G. , Furstein Saul J. , Wachs Israel E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA combined sorption/catalytic process has been discovered that converts the methanol and mercaptans in Kraft pulp mill waste gas condensates into formaldehyde. A pilot plant was operated at Georgia‐Pacific's Brunswick, GA, mill for two years to optimize both sorbents and catalyst. Patents were issued. Applications within Georgia‐Pacific and external licensing opportunities for the process are being investigated. The process gives pulp and paper mills a profitable alternative for converting their waste gases to valuable chemicals, as opposed to incineration or biodegradation in treatment ponds.