bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Yin Yang of Complement and Cancer
Authors: Meri Seppo , Magrini Elena , Mantovani Alberto , Garlanda Cecilia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cancer-related inflammation is a crucial component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Complement activation occurs in cancer and supports the development of an inflammatory microenvironment. Complement has traditionally been considered a mechanism of immune resistance against cancer, and its activation is known to contribute to the cytolytic effects of antibody-based immunotherapeutic treatments. However, several studies have recently revealed that complement activation may exert protumoral functions by sustaining cancer-related inflammation and immunosuppression through different molecular mechanisms, targeting both the TME and cancer cells. These new discoveries have revealed that complement manipulation can be considered a new strategy for cancer therapies. Here we summarize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the different elements of the complement system exert antitumor or protumor functions, both in preclinical studies and in human tumorigenesis. Complement components can serve as disease biomarkers for cancer stratification and prognosis and be exploited for tumor treatment.
Rhythmically Modulating Neural Entrainment during Exposure to Regularities Influences Statistical Learning
Authors: Batterink Laura J. , Mulgrew Jerrica , Gibbings Aaron 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The ability to discover regularities in the environment, such as syllable patterns in speech, is known as statistical learning. Previous studies have shown that statistical learning is accompanied by neural entrainment, in which neural activity temporally aligns with repeating patterns over time. However, it is unclear whether these rhythmic neural dynamics play a functional role in statistical learning or whether they largely reflect the downstream consequences of learning, such as the enhanced perception of learned words in speech. To better understand this issue, we manipulated participants' neural entrainment during statistical learning using continuous rhythmic visual stimulation. Participants were exposed to a speech stream of repeating nonsense words while viewing either (1) a visual stimulus with a “congruent” rhythm that aligned with the word structure, (2) a visual stimulus with an incongruent rhythm, or (3) a static visual stimulus. Statistical learning was subsequently measured using both an explicit and implicit test. Participants in the congruent condition showed a significant increase in neural entrainment over auditory regions at the relevant word frequency, over and above effects of passive volume conduction, indicating that visual stimulation successfully altered neural entrainment within relevant neural substrates. Critically, during the subsequent implicit test, participants in the congruent condition showed an enhanced ability to predict upcoming syllables and stronger neural phase synchronization to component words, suggesting that they had gained greater sensitivity to the statistical structure of the speech stream relative to the incongruent and static groups. This learning benefit could not be attributed to strategic processes, as participants were largely unaware of the contingencies between the visual stimulation and embedded words. These results indicate that manipulating neural entrainment during exposure to regularities influences statistical learning outcomes, suggesting that neural entrainment may functionally contribute to statistical learning. Our findings encourage future studies using non-invasive brain stimulation methods to further understand the role of entrainment in statistical learning.
A Case Study of the Validity of Web-based Visuomotor Rotation Experiments
Authors: Shyr Megan C. , Joshi Sanjay S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Web-based experiments are gaining momentum in motor learning research because of the desire to increase statistical power, decrease overhead for human participant experiments, and utilize a more demographically inclusive sample population. However, there is a vital need to understand the general feasibility and considerations necessary to shift tightly controlled human participant experiments to an online setting. We developed and deployed an online experimental platform modeled after established in-laboratory visuomotor rotation experiments to serve as a case study examining remotely collected data quality for an 80-min experiment. Current online motor learning experiments have thus far not exceeded 60 min, and current online crowdsourced studies have a median duration of approximately 10 min. Thus, the impact of a longer-duration, web-based experiment is unknown. We used our online platform to evaluate perturbation-driven motor adaptation behavior under three rotation sizes (±10°, ±35°, and ±65°) and two sensory uncertainty conditions. We hypothesized that our results would follow predictions by the relevance estimation hypothesis. Remote execution allowed us to double (n = 49) the typical participant population size from similar studies. Subsequently, we performed an in-depth examination of data quality by analyzing single-trial data quality, participant variability, and potential temporal effects across trials. Results replicated in-laboratory findings and provided insight on the effect of induced sensory uncertainty on the relevance estimation hypothesis. Our experiment also highlighted several specific challenges associated with online data collection including potentially smaller effect sizes, higher data variability, and lower recommended experiment duration thresholds. Overall, online paradigms present both opportunities and challenges for future motor learning research.
A New Framework for Estimating and Decomposing the Uncertainty of Climate Projections
Authors: Zhang Shaobo , Zhou Zuhao , Peng Peiyi , Xu Chongyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Climate projections obtained by running global climate models (GCMs) are subject to multisource uncertainties. The existing framework based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) for decomposing such uncertainties is unable to include the interaction effect between GCM and internal climate variability, which ranks only second to the main effect of GCM in significance. In this study, a three-way ANOVA framework is presented, and all main effects and interaction effects are investigated. The results show that, although the overall uncertainty (O) is mainly contributed by main effects, interaction effects are considerable. Specifically, in the twenty-first century, the global mean (calculated at the grid-cell level and then averaged, and likewise below) relative contributions of all main effects are 54% for precipitation and 82% for temperature; those of all interaction effects are, respectively, 46% and 18%. As the three-way ANOVA cannot investigate the uncertainty components resulting from uncertainty sources, it is improved by deducing the relationship between uncertainty components resulting from uncertainty sources and those resulting from the main effects and interaction effects. By the improved three-way ANOVA, O is decomposed into uncertainty components resulting from the emission scenario (S), GCM (M), and internal climate variability (V). The results reveal that O is mainly contributed by M in the twenty-first century for precipitation, and by M before the 2060s whereas by S thereafter for temperature. The robustness of the V characterization is explored by investigating the variation of V on the number of included ensemble members. The extent of the underestimation of the V contribution is roughly an average of 4% for precipitation and 1% for temperature.
Cold-Season Precipitation Sensitivity to Microphysical Parameterizations: Hydrologic Evaluations Leveraging Snow Lidar Datasets
Authors: Rudisill W. J. , Flores A. N. , Marshall H. P. , Siirila-Woodburn E. , Feldman D. R. , Rhoades A. M. , Xu Z. , Morales A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Cloud microphysical processes are an important facet of atmospheric modeling, as they can control the initiation and rates of snowfall. Thus, parameterizations of these processes have important implications for modeling seasonal snow accumulation. We conduct experiments with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF V4.3.3) Model using three different microphysics parameterizations, including a sophisticated new scheme (ISHMAEL). Simulations are conducted for two cold seasons (2018 and 2019) centered on the Colorado Rockies’ ∼750-km2 East River watershed. Precipitation efficiencies are quantified using a drying-ratio mass budget approach and point evaluations are performed against three NRCS SNOTEL stations. Precipitation and meteorological outputs from each are used to force a land surface model (Noah-MP) so that peak snow accumulation can be compared against airborne snow lidar products. We find that microphysical parameterization choice alone has a modest impact on total precipitation on the order of ±3% watershed-wide, and as high as 15% for certain regions, similar to other studies comparing the same parameterizations. Precipitation biases evaluated against SNOTEL are 15% ± 13%. WRF Noah-MP configurations produced snow water equivalents with good correlations with airborne lidar products at a 1-km spatial resolution: Pearson’s r values of 0.9, RMSEs between 8 and 17 cm, and percent biases of 3%–15%. Noah-MP with precipitation from the PRISM geostatistical precipitation product leads to a peak SWE underestimation of 32% in both years examined, and a weaker spatial correlation than the WRF configurations. We fall short of identifying a clearly superior microphysical parameterization but conclude that snow lidar is a valuable nontraditional indicator of model performance.
The Relationships between the Winter Circulation Regimes and the Northern Hemisphere 45-Day Oscillation: A Combined Regime–Oscillation Framework
Authors: Korendyke Mary H. , Straus David M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzes the relationships between the circulation regimes of the 500-hPa height (z500) and 250-hPa zonal winds (u250) in the Pacific–North America region during boreal winter, and the 45-day Northern Hemisphere oscillation in z500. The regimes were calculated using a k-means clustering applied to the leading 12 principal components of the combined z500–u250 anomaly fields. We divided the oscillation into eight arbitrary phases. The oscillation phase z500 composite maps are spatially well correlated with regime z500 composites: phases 1–2 are best correlated with the Arctic Low, phases 3–5 are best correlated with the Pacific Trough, phase 6 is best correlated with the Arctic High, and phases 7–8 are best correlated with the Alaskan Ridge. We found that these correlations are generally consistent with the regimes that tend to occur during the individual oscillation phases: the Arctic Low occurs above significance in phases 1–2, the Pacific Trough occurs above significance in phase 3, and Alaskan Ridge occurs above significance in phases 7–8. Therefore, the oscillation has a preferred order with respect to the regimes. The regime transitions indicate a pattern that moves through the Pacific Wavetrain, a regime that appears for k = 5 as a mean state. Transitions out of this regime into different regimes are preferred in different phases of the oscillation. These results imply a possible enhancement to regime prediction using the low-frequency oscillations in combination with regimes.

Significance Statement
Subseasonal prediction, weather forecasting in the 2–4-week range, is important for many parts of society, e.g., water managers, emergency response units, and farmers. However, current prediction skill in this time range is low. This paper performs an initial analysis of a possible method to increase weather statistic prediction skill beyond 10 days in the winter for the Pacific–North America region. This is done by combining two ways of looking at large, long-lasting patterns of pressure systems in the atmosphere, which are associated with various weather statistics like precipitation extremes and storminess. The results indicate this method holds potential skill for enhancing subseasonal prediction. Further investigation might yield forecasting improvements in this important time range.
Outcomes Among Malnourished Patients With Crohn’s Disease Undergoing Elective Ileocecectomy: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Kodia Karishma , Huerta Carlos T. , Alnajar Ahmed , Collins Shane , Ribieras Antoine , Horner Lance P. , Paluvoi Nivedh 
Published: October 2023

Background Crohn’s patients’ nutritional status can be suboptimal given disease pathophysiology; the effect of a malnourished state prior to elective surgery on post-operative outcomes remains to be more clearly elucidated. This study aims to characterize the effect of malnutrition on post-operative outcomes and readmission patterns for Crohn’s patients undergoing elective ileocecectomy using a nationally representative cohort. Methods The colectomy-targeted National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database (2016-2020) was used to identify patients with Crohn’s disease without systemic complications who underwent elective ileocecectomy; emergency surgeries were excluded. Malnourished status was defined as pre-operative hypoalbuminemia <3.5 g/dL, weight loss >10% in 6 months, or body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 prior to surgery. Results Of 1464 patients (56% female) who met inclusion criteria, 1137 (78%) were well-nourished and 327 (22%) were malnourished. Post-operatively, malnourished patients had more organ space surgical site infections (SSI) (9% vs 4% nourished groups, P < .001) and more bleeding events requiring transfusion (9% vs 3% nourished, P < .001). 30-day unplanned readmission was higher in the malnourished group (14% vs 9% nourished, P = .032). Index admission length of stay was significantly longer in the malnourished group (4 days [3-7 days] vs the nourished cohort: 4 days [3-5 days], P < .001). Discussion Poor nutritional status is associated with organ space infections and bleeding as well as longer hospitalizations and more readmissions in Crohn’s patients undergoing elective ileocecectomy. A detailed nutritional risk profile and nutritional optimization is important prior to elective surgery.
Responsibility and Restitution in the Freedman's Bank Crisis
Authors: Fair Ely Melchior 
Published: October 2023

The Freedman's Savings Bank, founded in 1865, was established with the express purpose of providing safe banking access for newly freed black Americans. Despite a charter dedicated to low-risk banking, the boot-strap mythology expounded by Congress was undermined by rampant fraud. Nine years after its founding, the Bank folded, swallowing 1.2 million dollars in deposits (approximately 29.6 million today) spread among roughly 61,000 individuals. The Freedman's Bank offers policy makers and social justice advocates an under-explored opportunity. Despite the near universal recognition that the fault for the institution's collapse lies with Federal mismanagement, a majority of the deposits were never compensated. Both the power to restitute and the culpability rest with the same party. Further, the record keeping of the bank ensures reasonably clean lines of inheritance for compensation. Combined these factors make a return of Freedman's Savings deposits politically viable in the rhetoric of contemporary America. This article provides the historical and data research necessary to arm policy makers in the restitution of the victim's deposits. It is not the intention of this policy to supplant the more ambitious effort of reparations, but instead to build a rhetorical position squarely within the liberalist market tradition, which also mitigates harm.
Methodologies Used in Studies of Self-Management Interventions for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: An Integrative Review
Authors: Klein Abbey Jo , Eisenhauer Christine , Mollard Elizabeth , Shade Marcia Y. , Alappattu Meryl 
Published: October 2023

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) affects approximately 60% of women in the United States and negatively impacts self-esteem, sexual function, participation in social activities, and quality of life (QOL). Self-management interventions show promise for improving UI symptoms and QOL. Previous reviews of UI self-management studies have focused on outcomes for older women. However, the literature lacks a synthesis of methodologies of these studies. Purpose: The purpose of this integrative review was to synthesize and evaluate methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women. Methods: Using an integrative review approach, a search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase was conducted yielding 1404 results, 23 of which met inclusion criteria. Data abstracted from each article included author(s), year of publication, study design and purpose, sample, country and setting, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention description. Results: Findings showed methodological differences, particularly in design, assessment of UI subtypes, measures of UI symptoms, and intervention components. Multicomponent self-management interventions were used in 18 studies and 1 component used in 5 studies. Education, pelvic floor muscle exercises, and bladder training were the intervention components most frequently used, either alone or in combination; however, intervention components were not consistently aligned with the UI subtypes. Analysis of ethical matters revealed areas for improvement, specifically in reporting privacy and confidentiality and in methods to obtain informed consent. Conclusions: Results highlight opportunities to improve the rigor of methodologies used in studies of self-management interventions for UI in adult women.
‘There’s a lot on my shoulders’ – occupational therapists’ experience of stress and burnout in mental healthcare settings in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Weir Francesca Unity , Ramano Enos M. , Balbadhur Raashmi 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: South African occupational therapists, working in mental healthcare, are exposed to chronic stress; this can lead to their experiencing symptoms of burnout. There has been a call for research to explore the experiences of stress and burnout that occupational therapists encounter whilst working in different contexts, and this article presents findings from a study focused on the field of mental healthcare in Gauteng, South Africa. Methods: Thirteen occupational therapists participated in the study using qualitative and descriptive methods. The study sample was selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Data were collected via online focus group discussions and underwent thematic analysis according to open coding. Findings: This article presents the findings of theme one, as part of a greater dissemination of findings, where the participants described their stress and burnout as a personal psychological experience. This involved the experience of emotional burden, strained interpersonal relationships and feelings of failure. The participants perceived their stress as a fluctuating experience and, a portion of the participants, felt that they had experienced burnout. Conclusion: The negative personal psychological impact of stress and burnout on occupational therapists working in South Africa, in the field of mental healthcare, has been well indicated in the study.
Relationship Between Age and Pathology With Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Discoid Lateral Meniscus: A Report From the SCORE Multicenter Database
Authors: Silverstein Rachel S. , McKay Scott D. , Coello Pablo , Pupa Lauren , Latz Kevin , Craig Kemper W. , Adsit Elizabeth , Wilson Philip L. ,   Members of the SCORE Quality Improvement Registry, Albright Jay , Algan Sheila , Beck Jennifer , Bowen Richard E. , Brey Jennifer , Marc Cardelia J. , Clark Christian , Crepeau Allison , Edmonds Eric , Ellington Matthew , Fabricant Peter D. , Frank Jeremy S. , Ganley Theodore J. , Green Daniel W. , Gupta Andrew , Heyworth Benton , Mansour Alfred , Mayer Stephanie , Milewski Matthew D. , Niu Emily , Pacicca Donna M. , Parikh Shital N. , Rhodes Jason , Saper Michael , Schmale Gregory A. , Schmitz Matthew , Shea Kevin , Storer Stephen , Ellis Henry B. 
Published: October 2023

Background: Surgical treatment options of discoid lateral meniscus in pediatric patients consist of saucerization with or without meniscal repair, meniscocapular stabilization, and, less often, subtotal meniscectomy. Purpose: To describe a large, prospectively collected multicenter cohort of discoid menisci undergoing surgical intervention, and further investigate corresponding treatment of discoid menisci. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A multicenter quality improvement registry (16 institutions, 26 surgeons), Sports Cohort Outcomes Registry, was queried. Patient characteristics, discoid type, presence and type of intrasubstance meniscal tear, peripheral rim instability, repair technique, and partial meniscectomy/debridement beyond saucerization were reviewed. Discoid meniscus characteristics were compared between age groups (<14 and >14 years old), based on receiver operating characteristic curve, and discoid morphology (complete and incomplete). Results: In total, 274 patients were identified (mean age, 12.4 years; range, 3-18 years), of whom 55.6% had complete discoid. Meniscal repairs were performed in 55.1% of patients. Overall, 48.5% of patients had rim instability and 36.8% had >1 location of peripheral rim instability. Of the patients, 21.5% underwent meniscal debridement beyond saucerization, with 8.4% undergoing a subtotal meniscectomy. Patients <14 years of age were more likely to have a complete discoid meniscus ( P < .001), peripheral rim instability ( P = .005), and longitudinal tears ( P = .015) and require a meniscal repair ( P < .001). Patients ≥14 years of age were more likely to have a radial/oblique tear ( P = .015) and require additional debridement beyond the physiologic rim ( P = .003). Overall, 70% of patients <14 years of age were found to have a complete discoid meniscus necessitating saucerization, and >50% in this young age group required peripheral stabilization/repair. Conclusion: To preserve physiological “normal” meniscus, a repair may be indicated in >50% of patients <14 years of age but occurred in <50% of those >14 years. Additional resection beyond the physiological rim may be needed in 15% of younger patients and 30% of those aged >14 years.