bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of cutting edge microgeometry on the cutting forces when machining difficult-to-cut materials
Authors: Vozár M , Pätoprstý B , Vopát T 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The paper presents research investigating the influence of cutting tools microgeometry on the cutting forces when milling difficult-to-cut materials. Austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L and nickel alloy Inconel 718 were machined with cemented carbide tools with various cutting edge rounding size while measuring the cutting forces during the process. From the standpoint of milling difficult-to-cut materials lowering the cutting forces load on the tool can be difficult to achieve without significant reduction of cutting parameters. Previous research into the cutting edge microgeometry suggests that modification of the cutting edge of milling tools can substantially extend the effective tool life, reduce cutting forces in the process and ensure higher quality of the machined surface. Results of long term wear tests of tools with cutting edge rounding sizes of 15, 30 and 45 µm are compared to the results of a sharp unprepared cutting tool, and the results of each machined material are also compared. Possible influence of cutting edge radius on the process for both materials was tested for cutting conditions constituting finishing operation. The most effective cutting edge radius size differed between the materials, with 15 µm rounding performing the best for AISI 316L and the sharp unprepared tool performing the best for the Inconel 718 alloy.
Nanoengineered oxygen-releasing polymeric scaffold with sustained release of dexamethasone for bone regeneration
Authors: Vahora Aatikaben , Singh Hemant , Dan Aniruddha , Puthenpurackel Surya Suresh , Mishra Narayan Chandra , Dhanka Mukesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Maintaining the continuous oxygen supply and proper cell growth before blood vessel ingrowth at the bone defect site are considerably significant issues in bone regeneration. Oxygen-producing scaffolds can supply oxygen and avoid hypoxia leading to expedited bone regeneration. Herein, first oxygen-producing calcium peroxide nanoparticles (CPO NPs) are synthesized, and subsequently, the various amounts of synthesized CPO NPs (0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt/v%) loaded in the scaffold composite, which is developed by simple physical blending of chitosan (CS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) polymers. To deliver the synergistic therapeutic effect, dexamethasone (DEX), known for its potential anti-inflammatory and osteogenic properties, is loaded into the nanocomposite scaffolds. The extensive physicochemical characterizations of nanocomposite scaffolds confirm the successful loading of CPO NPs, adequate porous morphology, pore size, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability. In vitro, biological studies support the antibacterial, hemocompatible, and cytocompatible (MG-63 and MC3T3-E1 cells) nature of the material when tested on respective cells. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirm the successful biomineralization of the scaffolds. Scaffolds also exhibit the sustained release of DEX and efficient protein adsorption. This study revealed that a nanoengineered scaffold loaded with CPO NPs (PCL/CS/DEX/CPO 3) is a suitable candidate for bone tissue regeneration.
Vanadocene-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles: platforms for the development of theranostic materials against breast cancer
Authors: Iorhemba Michael Aondona , Álvarez-Conde Javier , Díaz-García Diana , Méndez-Arriaga José Manuel , García-Almodóvar Victoria , Ovejero-Paredes Karina , Idris Sulaiman Ola , Shallangwa Gideon Adamu , Abdulkadir Ibrahim , Prashar Sanjiv , Filice Marco , Gómez-Ruiz Santiago 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nanoscale materials have demonstrated a very high potential in anticancer therapy by properly adjusting their functionalization and physicochemical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of some novel vanadocene-loaded silica-based nanomaterials incorporating four different S-containing amino acids (penicillamine, methionine, captopril, and cysteine) and different fluorophores (rhodamine B, coumarin 343 or Alexa Fluor™ 647), which have been characterized by diverse solid-state spectroscopic techniques viz; FTIR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopies, 13C and 51V solid-state NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and TEM. The analysis of the biological activity of the novel vanadocene-based nanostructured silicas showed that the materials containing cysteine and captopril aminoacids demonstrated high cytotoxicity and selectivity against triple negative breast cancer cells, making them very promising antineoplastic drug candidates. According to the biological results it seems that vanadium activity is connected to its incorporation through the amino acid, resulting in synergy that increases the cytotoxic activity against cancer cells of the studied materials presumably by increasing cell internalization. The results presented herein hold significant potential for future developments in mesoporous silica-supported metallodrugs, which exhibit strong cytotoxicity while maintaining low metal loading. They also show potential for theranostic applications highlighted by the analysis of the optical properties of the studied systems after incorporating rhodamine B, coumarin 343 (possible) in vitro anticancer analysis, or Alexa Fluor™ 647 (in vivo studies of cancer models).
The International Legal Criteria for Governmental Status
Authors: Pavlopoulos Niko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 focuses on the customary international legal criteria for the identification of a state’s government. It begins by outlining certain general points concerning the ascertainment, rationalization, and application of these criteria. By reference to historical and modern practice, the chapter then identifies the criteria for governmental status under positive customary international law and considers the scope and other matters relating to their application. In its discussion of the various putative criteria for governmental status, the chapter considers the import of the presumptive sovereign freedoms of a state that relate to the governments of states. This contributes positively to the identification and explanation of the criteria in question.
STW-MD: a novel spatio-temporal weighting and multi-step decision tree method for considering spatial heterogeneity in brain gene expression data
Authors: Mao Shanjun , Huang Xiao , Chen Runjiu , Zhang Chenyang , Diao Yizhu , Li Zongjin , Wang Qingzhe , Tang Shan , Guo Shuixia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gene expression during brain development or abnormal development is a biological process that is highly dynamic in spatio and temporal. Previous studies have mainly focused on individual brain regions or a certain developmental stage. Our motivation is to address this gap by incorporating spatio-temporal information to gain a more complete understanding of brain development or abnormal brain development, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to identify potential determinants of response. In this study, we propose a novel two-step framework based on spatial-temporal information weighting and multi-step decision trees. This framework can effectively exploit the spatial similarity and temporal dependence between different stages and different brain regions, and facilitate differential gene analysis in brain regions with high heterogeneity. We focus on two datasets: the AD dataset, which includes gene expression data from early, middle and late stages, and the brain development dataset, spanning fetal development to adulthood. Our findings highlight the advantages of the proposed framework in discovering gene classes and elucidating their impact on brain development and AD progression across diverse brain regions and stages. These findings align with existing studies and provide insights into the processes of normal and abnormal brain development.
OMEinfo: global geographic metadata for -omics experiments
Authors: Crown Matthew , Bashton Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Summary
Microbiome studies increasingly associate geographical features like rurality and climate with microbiomes. It is essential to correctly integrate rich geographical metadata; and inconsistent definitions of rurality, can hinder cross-study comparisons. We address this with OMEinfo, a tool for automated retrieval of consistent geographical metadata from user-provided location data. OMEinfo leverages open data sources such as the Global Human Settlement Layer, and Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide. OMEinfo's web-app enables users to visualize and investigate the spatial distribution of metadata features. OMEinfo promotes reproducibility and consistency in microbiome metadata through a standardized metadata retrieval approach. To demonstrate utility, OMEinfo is used to replicate the results of a previous study linking population density to bacterial diversity. As the field explores relationships between microbiomes and geographical features, tools like OMEinfo will prove vital in developing a robust, accurate, and interconnected understanding of these interactions, whilst having applicability beyond this field to any studies utilizing location-based metadata. Finally, we release the OMEinfo annotation dataset of 5.3 million OMEinfo annotated samples from the ENA, for use in retrospective analyses of sequencing samples, and suggest several ways researchers and sequencing read repositories can improve the quality of underlying metadata submitted to these public stores.

Availability and implementation
OMEinfo is freely available and released under an MIT licence. OMEinfo source code is available at https://github.com/m-crown/OMEinfo/ and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10518763
Investigating the Current Harmonization Status of Tumor Markers Using Global External Quality Assessment Programs: A Feasibility Study
Authors: van Rossum Huub H , Holdenrieder Stefan , Ballieux Bart E P B , Badrick Tony C , Yun Yeo-Min , Zhang Chuanbao , Patel Dina , Thelen Marc , Song Junghan , Wojtalewicz Nathalie , Unsworth Nick , Vesper Hubert W , Cui Wei , Ramanathan Lakshmi V , Sturgeon Catharine , Meng Qing H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
The harmonization status of most tumor markers (TMs) is unknown. We report a feasibility study performed to determine whether external quality assessment (EQA) programs can be used to obtain insights into the current harmonization status of the tumor markers α-fetoprotein (AFP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen (CA)125, CA15-3 and CA19-9.

Methods
EQA sample results provided by 6 EQA providers (INSTAND [Germany], Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service [KEQAS, South Korea], National Center for Clinical Laboratories [NCCL, China], United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service [UK NEQAS, United Kingdom], Stichting Kwaliteitsbewaking Medische Laboratoriumdiagnostiek [SKML, the Netherlands], and the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs [RCPAQAP, Australia]) between 2020 and 2021 were used. The consensus means, calculated from the measurement procedures present in all EQA programs (Abbott Alinity, Beckman Coulter DxI, Roche Cobas, and Siemens Atellica), was used as reference values. Per measurement procedure, the relative difference between consensus mean for each EQA sample and the mean of all patient-pool–based EQA samples were calculated and compared to minimum, desirable, and optimal allowable bias criteria based on biological variation.

Results
Between 19040 (CA15-3) and 25398 (PSA) individual results and 56 (PSA) to 76 (AFP) unique EQA samples were included in the final analysis. The mean differences with the consensus mean of patient-pool–based EQA samples for all measurement procedures were within the optimum bias criterion for AFP, the desirable bias for PSA, and the minimum bias criterion for CEA. However, CEA results &lt;8 µg/L exceeded the minimum bias criterion. For CA125, CA15-3, and CA19-9, the harmonization status was outside the minimum bias criterion, with systematic differences identified.

Conclusions
This study provides relevant information about the current harmonization status of 6 tumor markers. A pilot harmonization investigation for CEA, CA125, CA15-3, and CA19-9 would be desirable.
Heart failure-induced microbial dysbiosis contributes to colonic tumour formation in mice
Authors: de Wit Sanne , Geerlings Lotte , Shi Canxia , Dronkers Just , Schouten Elisabeth M , Blancke Gillian , Andries Vanessa , Yntema Tess , Meijers Wouter C , Koonen Debby P Y , Vereecke Lars , Silljé Herman H W , Aboumsallem Joseph-Pierre , de Boer Rudolf A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Heart failure (HF) and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that HF patients are prone to develop cancer. Preclinical studies provided some insights into this connection, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. In colorectal cancer (CRC), gut microbial dysbiosis is linked to cancer progression and recent studies have shown that HF patients display microbial dysbiosis. This current study focussed on the effects of HF-induced microbial dysbiosis on colonic tumour formation.

Methods and results
C57BL/6J mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI), with sham surgery as control. After six weeks faeces were collected, processed for 16 s rRNA sequencing, and pooled for faecal microbiota transplantation. CRC tumour growth was provoked in germ-free mice by treating them with Azoxymethane/Dextran sodium sulphate. The CRC mice were transplanted with faeces from MI or sham mice. MI-induced HF resulted in microbial dysbiosis, characterized by a decreased α-diversity and microbial alterations on the genus level, several of which have been associated with CRC. We then performed faecal microbiota transplantation with faeces from HF mice in CRC mice, which resulted in a higher endoscopic disease score and an increase in the number of tumours in CRC mice.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that MI-induced HF contributes to colonic tumour formation by altering the gut microbiota composition, providing a mechanistic explanation for the observed association between HF and increased risk for cancer. Targeting the microbiome may present as a tool to mitigate HF-associated co-morbidities, especially cancer.
Prediction of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the updated Swedish cardiac arrest risk score (SCARS) model
Authors: Sultanian Pedram , Lundgren Peter , Louca Antros , Andersson Erik , Djärv Therese , Hessulf Fredrik , Henningsson Anna , Martinsson Andreas , Nordberg Per , Piasecki Adam , Gupta Vibha , Mandalenakis Zacharias , Taha Amar , Redfors Bengt , Herlitz Johan , Rawshani Araz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major health concern worldwide. Although one-third of all patients achieve a return of spontaneous circulation and may undergo a difficult period in the intensive care unit, only 1 in 10 survive. This study aims to improve our previously developed machine learning model for early prognostication of survival in OHCA.

Methods and results
We studied all cases registered in the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Registry during 2010 and 2020 (n = 55 615). We compared the predictive performance of extreme gradient boosting (XGB), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), logistic regression, CatBoost, random forest, and TabNet. For each framework, we developed models that optimized (i) a weighted F1 score to penalize models that yielded more false negatives and (ii) a precision–recall area under the curve (PR AUC). LightGBM assigned higher importance values to a larger set of variables, while XGB made predictions using fewer predictors. The area under the curve receiver operating characteristic (AUC ROC) scores for LightGBM were 0.958 (optimized for weighted F1) and 0.961 (optimized for a PR AUC), while for XGB, the scores were 0.958 and 0.960, respectively. The calibration plots showed a subtle underestimation of survival for LightGBM, contrasting with a mild overestimation for XGB models. In the crucial range of 0–10% likelihood of survival, the XGB model, optimized with the PR AUC, emerged as a clinically safe model.

Conclusion
We improved our previous prediction model by creating a parsimonious model with an AUC ROC at 0.96, with excellent calibration and no apparent risk of underestimating survival in the critical probability range (0–10%). The model is available at www.gocares.se.
The genetic architecture of dewlap pattern in Hispaniola anoles (Anolis distichus)
Authors: Behere Ashmika , de Mello Pietro , Geneva Anthony J , Glor Rich E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Color and pattern are often critical to survival and fitness, but we know little about their genetic architecture and heritability in groups like reptiles. We investigated the genetic architecture for the pattern of the dewlap—an extensible throat fan important for communication—in anole lizards. We studied the Hispaniolan bark anole (Anolis distichus)—a species that exhibits impressive intraspecific dewlap polymorphism across its range—by conducting multigenerational experimental crosses with 2 populations, one with a solid pale yellow dewlap and another with an orange dewlap surrounded by a yellow margin. Upon rejecting the hypothesis that the extent of the orange pattern is a quantitative trait resulting from many loci of minor effect, we used a maximum likelihood model-fitting framework to show that it is better explained as a simple Mendelian trait, with the solid yellow morph being dominant over the blush orange. The relatively simple genetic architecture underlying this important trait helps explain the complex distribution of dewlap color variation across the range of A. distichus and suggests that changes in dewlap color and pattern may evolve rapidly in response to natural selection.
Towards a rational approach to promoter engineering: understanding the complexity of transcription initiation in prokaryotes
Authors: Deal Cara , De Wannemaeker Lien , De Mey Marjan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Promoter sequences are important genetic control elements. Through their interaction with RNA polymerase they determine transcription strength and specificity, thereby regulating the first step in gene expression. Consequently, they can be targeted as elements to control predictability and tuneability of a genetic circuit, which is essential in applications such as the development of robust microbial cell factories. This review considers the promoter elements implicated in the three stages of transcription initiation, detailing the complex interplay of sequence-specific interactions that are involved, and highlighting that DNA sequence features beyond the core promoter elements work in a combinatorial manner to determine transcriptional strength. In particular, we emphasize that, aside from promoter recognition, transcription initiation is also defined by the kinetics of open complex formation and promoter escape, which are also known to be highly sequence specific. Significantly, we focus on how insights into these interactions can be manipulated to lay the foundation for a more rational approach to promoter engineering.
Impact of Homologous Recombination on Core Genome Evolution and Host Adaptation of Pectobacterium parmentieri
Authors: Arizala Dario , Arif Mohammad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Homologous recombination is a major force mechanism driving bacterial evolution, host adaptability, and acquisition of novel virulence traits. Pectobacterium parmentieri is a plant bacterial pathogen distributed worldwide, primarily affecting potatoes, by causing soft rot and blackleg diseases. The goal of this investigation was to understand the impact of homologous recombination on the genomic evolution of P. parmentieri. Analysis of P. parmentieri genomes using Roary revealed a dynamic pan-genome with 3,742 core genes and over 55% accessory genome variability. Bayesian population structure analysis identified 7 lineages, indicating species heterogeneity. ClonalFrameML analysis displayed 5,125 recombination events, with the lineage 4 exhibiting the highest events. fastGEAR analysis identified 486 ancestral and 941 recent recombination events ranging from 43 bp to 119 kb and 36 bp to 13.96 kb, respectively, suggesting ongoing adaptation. Notably, 11% (412 genes) of the core genome underwent recent recombination, with lineage 1 as the main donor. The prevalence of recent recombination (double compared to ancient) events implies continuous adaptation, possibly driven by global potato trade. Recombination events were found in genes involved in vital cellular processes (DNA replication, DNA repair, RNA processing, homeostasis, and metabolism), pathogenicity determinants (type secretion systems, cell-wall degrading enzymes, iron scavengers, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), flagellum, etc.), antimicrobial compounds (phenazine and colicin) and even CRISPR-Cas genes. Overall, these results emphasize the potential role of homologous recombination in P. parmentieri's evolutionary dynamics, influencing host colonization, pathogenicity, adaptive immunity, and ecological fitness.
Performance assessment of a photovoltaic module enhancer: insight into a new lifespan and cost effectiveness factor
Authors: Sultan Sakhr M , Tso C P , Ajeel Raheem K , Sobayel K , Abdullah M Z 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The enhancement of photovoltaic modules (PVs) is a promising technology that is used for improving PV performance. A method was introduced in an earlier work that uses the power productivity and manufacturing cost of the PV enhancer to evaluate its cost effectiveness. Although, the existing method is useful in evaluating the performance of different types of PV enhancers, it is unable to execute the evaluation when the lifespan parameter of PV and its enhancer is considered in the analysis. This makes the evaluation become difficult. Hence, a new method is proposed, for the first time, for the purpose of making the performance comparison between the different types of PV enhancers more accurate. The definition and derivation are established for a new correlation that depends on seven important parameters which are the lifespan of both PV and its enhancer, the net power by adding an enhancer to PV, the output power from a PV without an enhancer and the maximum power at PV’s standard test conditions, the cost of one watt of PV power and the manufacturing cost of the PV enhancer. The effects of each parameter on the new method are elaborated on different examples. The PV enhancer is classified based on the value of the new method. The new method is tested on a real-world case taken from a previous experimental work, to support its applicability. Results showed that the new method is applicable on real cases. It is concluded that the new technique is helpful in categorizing the different types of PV enhancer which may have a potential to be utilized by researchers, designers and/or manufacturers.