bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonial and Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Boehmer Elleke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Wole Soyinka, Peter Carey, Margaret Atwood, V. S. Naipaul, J. M. Coetzee - postcolonial writers from around the world now enjoy wide popularity. In this book, Elleke Boehmer looks challengingly at the history of such writing, how it developed and how it departs from writing in the Empire in the Victorian period. Throughout this literature key themes and images - journeying, loss, the search for community, the arrival of the stranger - are expanded and redefined. Boehmer discusses these with reference to a broad range of texts, from Trollope, Kipling, Orwell, D. H. Lawrence and Katherine Mansfield, to authors as recent as Ben Okri and Michael Ondaatje, and the Aboriginal Australians Sally Morgan and Mudrooroo.
The Market Revolution
Authors: Sellers Charles 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The of this broad studycentral thesis is that these were the years in which the Industrial Revolution had its full impact on America, and, largely because of this, the period saw the establishment of beliefs that capitalism created two societies in America: rich and poor, proprietors and workers, city dwellers and farmers. in sp doing he presents a major reinterpretation of the Jacksonian period and is certain to be recognized as the standard history for these years. It also presents fascinating portraits of such political figures as Henry Clay and John C Calhoun, a brilliant discussion of John Quincy Adams' diplomacy as Secretary of State that led to the Monroe Doctrine, and a knowledgeable assessment of Andrew Jackson and his Presidency — positive about his economic policies, negative about his pro-slavery views and vicious racism involving Indians. There are memorable discussions too, about the great depression of 1819 and its social effects, the religious movements of the times, Mormonism, the antislavery movement, and aspects of middle class society. This is a book of sweep and power that is certain to produce a reevaluation of Jacksonian America.
1920: A Beginning, a Middle, or an End Point
Authors: Chafe William H 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Historians, by virtue of their focus on recognizable events and dates, some times become captives of a chronology that deceives more than it informs. Such may be the case in the natural tendency of women’s historians to zero in on victory for woman suffrage as a benchmark in women’s political and social experience. Because the Nineteenth Amendment was so long in coming and required such extraordinary struggle, it almost immediately assumed. near mythic proportions. Friends and foes alike ascribed a significance to the victory that generated expectations for women’s voting that may have borne no re lationship either to what had been achieved or to what might be forthcoming. Using 1920 as a measuring point for women’s status in America, therefore, may be more misleading than helpful.
The Only Verdict Possible
Authors: May Gary 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The jury finally received the Remington case on Wednesday afternoon, February 7, 1951, six hours after court opened. They had listened patiently but uncomfortably through the attorneys’ five-hour summations and the judge’s brief instructions on how to render a verdict. Now it was up to them to determine what constituted membership in the Communist Party and whether Remington was guilty of perjury.1 At 4:20 P.M., the jury filed out of the courtroom to begin its deliberations. Once they were settled in the small jury room, Foreman David L. Jones, the Statler Hotel room clerk, asked his colleagues for an informal vote, just to see where things stood. They were asked to fill out a paper ballot, writing guilty, not guilty, or undecided. These were passed down the table to Jones, who called them out one by one: undecided, guilty, guilty, undecided, undecided, not guilty, guilty, guilty, guilty, undecided, guilty, and undecided. Leonard Booker, the power lineman, was annoyed. They were wasting their time, he said; both Remington and Bentley should have been shot long ago. They talked for a while. John Connors, a hospital attendant, was absolutely certain about Remington’s guilt; look at that statement by his own witness-David Stone Martin-everybody knew he was a Communist, or something like that. He asked the foreman to get the exhibit.
Problems of Structure, Finance and Program Quality in the French Audio-Visual System
Authors: Cayrol Roland 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
At the end of 1985 the French television system consisted of three national networks (all public)-TF 1, Antenne 2,and FR3-and a coded Hertzian network, Canal Plus.Stimulated by the decision to open television to private financing and because of the new perspectives offered by cable and satellite, issues of television financing and program quality became, at that time, a major subject of French political debate. Through the desire of President Mitterrand and the Socialist majority in Parliament, two new, completely private television networks, Channel 5and Channel 6, were born in the first quarter of 1986. The Conservative majority elected in March 1986 started the battle all over again and brought forth new basic questions about French television by assigning Channel 5and Channel 6 to new ownership and, especially, by deciding to let TF 1 go private. This decision took effect in the Spring of 1987.
Public-Service Broadcasting in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Schulz Winfried 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The zero hour in recent German history was also the beginning of a new form of broadcasting. After the fall of the Nazi regime in 1945 the reorganization of the broadcasting system became a key concern of the Allied forces. Immediately after the war the still existing broadcasting facilities served as a mouthpiece of the Military Government and helped to get life going again in the destroyed country. But very soon broadcasting was gradually put back into German hands, though carefully watched and controlled by the military authorities.
Funding Down Under: The Australasian Experience
Authors: Barnett Steven 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Geographic proximity dictates that Australia and New Zealand should be assessed together, but the starting point for this chapter must be the distinctive nature of their respective broadcasting structures. Some would argue that combining these two countries as if they were a single analyzable entity is as inappropriate as combining, say, Canada and the U.S.: next-door neighbors do not necessarily share the same values, history or method of financing their public broadcasters.
Contributions of Anthropology and Sociology to Alcohol Epidemiology
Authors: Murphy Jane m. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Culturally speaking, alcohol is not a neutral topic. As far as is known, all contemporary societies have knowledge of alcohol, either through their own fermentation and distilling techniques, or through contact with areas where alcoholic beverages are produced. Yet groups of people bound together by a shared belief system and a common cultural heritage often hold distinctive views about drinking (Marshall, 1979; Heath, 1986a, 1986b). Among some groups, the use of alcohol is highly valued for the ideologic and integrative role it plays in religious ceremonies and social festivals. Among others, its use is severely proscribed and sometimes legally prohibited.
Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Dependency in Shanghai
Authors: wang Changhua , Liu william t. , zhang ming-yuan , Yu elena s. H , xia zhengyi , fernandez marilyn , Lung Chingtung , Guangyaou Changlinxu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The use of alcohol for social and ceremonial occasions was recorded in Chinese history as early as 1760 B.C. during the Yin Dynasty (Ci-Hai Encyclopedia, 1979:936). The cultural tradition of ancient China placed alcoholic beverages at the center of social occasions, which presumably was the origin of the adage: “Without wine, there is no li (or etiquette).” Thus, the use of alcoholic beverages has always been accompanied by the concept of propriety and the discharging of one’s role obligations m social functions, rather than that of personal indulgence.
The Rebirth Of Feminism
Authors: Matthews Glenna 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Baby boom-era men and women bought suburban homes by the millions, retreated to them, and procreated, while worrying about nuclear annihilation. The families they produced reversed a long-term American trend toward smaller numbers of children, a pattern that had been developing since the early nineteenth century. Yet even in this period of the celebration of “traditional” family values-when the stay-at-home television mom June Cleaver invariably yielded to her husband Ward’s superior wisdom and when Lucy Ricardo made a woman’s desire for a career seem preposterous-millions of women continued to be gainfully employed ·outside the home. Few women ran for electoral office, however-as late as 1969 only 4 percent of state legislators were female, for example. Clubs for middle-class white women were largely apolitical, which is not surprising given that their members were receiving messages from the culture to the effect that their experiences were valueless where the conduct of public business was concerned. Yet at the same time black women were joining clubs that aimed to transform American society.
The Divorce from “Afy Man”
Authors: Goldman Herbert G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Neither Ziegfeld nor any other producer could come up with a starring musical comedy for Fanny in the fall of 1923. Charlotte Greenwood’s Letty shows aside, comediennes like Fanny were not readily saleable as stars of Broadway shows. Beautiful Marilyn Miller, not Fanny Brice, was the top female musical comedy star of the 1920s.
Cardiovascular Physiology
Authors: Milnor William R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This well-written and carefully organized textbook describes the performance of the mammalian cardiovascular system and the physiological mechanisms that maintain normal function. The viewpoint ranges from the molecular and cellular level to the integrated function of the entire human organism. The author reviews historical developments in the field, and offers a detailed survey of hemodynamic variables and methods for measuring cardiovascular function.
Principles of Hemodynamics
Authors: Milnor William R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Physical principles are used extensively in analyzing cardiovascular function because the heart and blood vessels are a mechanical pumping system. Hemodynamics applies these principles to the circulation in order to relate the movement of blood and the strength of cardiac contraction to the physical properties of the structures involved. The tools employed are mainly the classical laws of force and motion described by Newton and Galileo, expressed in forms appropriate to the unusual nature of the pump, the circulating fluid, and the tubular conducting system.
Capillary and Lymphatic Systems
Authors: Milnor William R 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The capillaries are the site of communication between the circulatory system and the fluid that bathes all the cells of the body. Through the capillary walls pass nutrients, waste products, and regulatory substances that are absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to appropriate tissues elsewhere. The capillaries are tubes of very small diameter, and their walls consist of a single layer of flattened endothelial cells, 0.1 to 0.3 µmin thickness, with nuclei that some times bulge into the lumen.
The Second Reconstruction
Authors: Yarbrough Tinsley E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Justice Harlan’s secretary Ethel McCall and black messenger Paul Burke were the two permanent members of the Justice’s staff. Mrs. McCall’s tenure with Harlan apparently reached back to his service as chief counsel to the New York crime commission. Burke had joined him in 1957. “I would assume,” he recently remarked, “that if he was still living, I would still be there in a wheelchair with him.”1 The Justice’s clerks recall Paul Burke with fondness and respect. They remember Mrs. McCall, however, as a “tyrant” who attempted to deny them access to the lavatory in the Justice’s chambers and otherwise made life difficult. And while the recollections of most reflect the good-humored bemusement Marine recruits may have for their boot-camp drill instructors twenty to thirty years after the experience, others are less charitable.
Introduction: Enhancing Judicial Capacity
Authors: Diiulio John J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Judges are not wardens, but we must act as wardens to the limited extent that unconstitutional prison conditions force us to intervene when those responsible for the conditions have failed to act. -Harris v. Flemming, 839 F.2d 1232 (7th Cir. 1988) As late as 1970,judges played a negligible role in the administration of prisons. For most of the previous two centuries, prisoners were “slaves of the state.” A prisoner was beaten for minor rule infractions, worked mercilessly, starved, forced to live in filth, and made to suffer cruelties and hardships. Little or no help could be expected from the bench.
True Cues and Symbolic Validation
Authors: Franck Thomas M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In international law and diplomacy, a sovereign, a government or regime is recognized by other nations if it is legitimate and it is legitimate if it is recognized by other nations. Recognition not only “sees” legitimacy: it also confers it. Just as determinacy appeared perfectly straightforward, at first impression, but became more complex as one probed deeper, so too with symbolic validation. Sometimes cues succeed in communicating legitimacy; at other times, symbols fail to validate. Fortunately, these deviations occur in accordance with norms which are readily understood. To take what is perhaps the prime instance: the cues used to confer legitimacy succeed only when those addressed perceive them as symbolic of truth.
Community and Legitimacy
Authors: Franck Thomas M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, it is a commonly held view, vigorously championed by John Austin, Hans Kelsen, and others, that law is “a coercive order” which characteristically employs “that specific social technique which consists in the attempt to bring about the desired social conduct of men through the threat of a measure of coercion which is to be taken in case of contrary, that is, legally wrong, conduct.” This belief-system holds that the coercive order is a hallmark of a developed social community, which is also marked by “the establishment of a special organ, a tribunal, competent to ascertain by a definite procedure the fact that a delict has been committed and to order the sanction provided for by the law; it consists also in the establishment of a special executive organ competent to carry out the sanction ordered by the tribunal.
Postlude: Why Not Justice?
Authors: Franck Thomas M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
There are two reasons for not including justice among the factors making for legitimacy. One is operational, the other theoretical. The operational reason is that justice can only be said to be done to persons, not to such collective entities as states. Of course, it is possible to say that the Treaty of Versailles did an “injustice” to Germany at the end of the First World War. To the extent that all Germans suffered from the inflation, unemployment and social unravelling which followed the treaty’s imposition of huge reparations and their concomitant deprivations, the statement may be useful as metaphorical shorthand for the wrongs imposed on the people.
The Mysterious Death of Mary Rogers
Authors: Srebnick Amy Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In the summer of 1841, Mary Rogers disappeared without a trace from her New York City boarding house. Three days later, her body, badly bruised and waterlogged, was found floating in the shallow waters of the Hudson River just a few feet from the Jersey shore. Her story, parlayed into a long celebrated unsolved mystery, became grist for penny presses, social reformers, and politicians alike, and an impetus for popular literature, including Edgar Allen Poe's pioneering detective story "The Mystery of Marie Roget." In The Mysterious Death of Mary Rogers, historian Amy Gilman Srebnick brilliantly recaptures the story of Mary Rogers, showing how Rogers represented an emerging class of women who took advantage of the greater economic and sexual opportunities available to them in urban America, and how her death became a touchstone for the voicing of mid-nineteenth century concerns over sexual license, the changing roles of women, law and order, and abortion. Rogers' death, first thought due to a murderous gang of rapists and later tacitly understood to be the result of an ill-performed abortion, quickly became a source of popular entertainment, a topic of political debate, and an inspiration to public policy. The incident and the city's response to it provides a fascinating window into the urban culture and consciousness of the mid-1800s. Indeed, in Rogers' name, and as a direct result of her death, two important pieces of legislation were passed in 1845: the New York City Police Reform Act which effectively modernized the city's system of policing, and the New York State law criminalizing abortion. The Mysterious Death of Mary Rogers tells a story of a death, but more importantly it also tells the story of a life--that of Mary Rogers--and of the complex urban social world of which she was a part. Like the city in which she lived, Mary Rogers was a source of wonder, mystery, and fear, provoking desire, and inspiring narrative.
Prologue:The Mary Rogers Tragedy
Authors: Srebnick Amy Gilman 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
JN September 1841, Lydia Maria Child, the celebrated writer and JL abolitionist, visited the scene of what she and others described as the ̎Mary Rogers Tragedy.̎ The event she referred to was the mysterious death of Mary Cecilia Rogers, a young woman of New York City who had mysteriously disappeared on a hot Sunday in late July from the boardinghouse she ran with her elderly mother on Nassau Street, in the heart of the city. More commonly known as the ̎Beautiful Cigar Girl̎ when she had tended the counter at John Anderson’s popular cigar store, her body, badly bruised and waterlogged, had been found three days later, floating in the shallow waters of the Hudson River just a few feet from the shore, near Hoboken, New Jersey. Standing at this site, ̎the beautiful promontory near Sybil̕s cave where her body was found half in and half out of the water,̎ just a few weeks after the death, Child was struck by the beauty of the setting and overwhelmed by a complex mixture of thoughts, feelings, and associations.
Soviet Inferences from Their Victories in the Periphery: Visions of Resistance or Cumulating Gains?
Authors: Hopf Ted 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since World War II, American decision makers' perceived need to counter Soviet activities in peripheral areas of the globe has led the United States into a continual string of conflicts, from the Korean War to the Grenada operation. American statesmen did not perceive any strategic interests at stake in these conflicts, but instead, continue to be haunted by the“lessons of Munich,” which teach that any sign of weakness before a potential foe will lead to the latter's ultimate challenge for global hegemony.
The Cell Biology of the Sertoli Cell
Authors: Bardin C Wayne , Gunsalus, Glen L , Cheng C Yan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The testis can be divided functionally into interstitium and seminiferous tubules, which are responsible for the production of androgens and spermatozoa, respectively. The linkage of the androgen-producing cells with the germ cell-producing elements of the testis in vertebrates is, on one hand, a functional necessity, and, on the other, a regulatory paradox. The necessity for the Leydig cells to be adjacent to the seminiferous tubular epithelium derives from the notion that high concentrations of androgens are required for differentiation of spermatozoa. Such an idea is supported by numerous studies, including those showing that a large dose of androgens maintained spermatogenesis in hypophysectomized animals. The paradox of this association lies in the different pathways through which Leydig cells and seminiferous epithelium are regulated.
Sweden
Authors: Lundström Ragnhild 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
By 1870 most of the privileges and regulations of the “old society” had been done away with in Sweden. In some cases this had only implied a codification of what was already practiced. In many instances, however, it had been the result of a liberal policy embraced by a great number of the more influential Swedes, including the late king. The bank reform of 1864 contained both these elements. The ban on bank interest rates above 6 percent was abolished, but it had earlier been circumvented by banks charging commissions of various kinds and dealing in bills of exchange as sales and purchases instead of lending. The other part of this reform, which greatly facilitated the founding of note-issuing banks with unlimited liability, was the final result of a long political struggle concerning banks that dated from the early 1820s.
Banks and Banking in Canada and Australia
Authors: Drummond Ian M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In many respects Canada and Australia possessed similar financial systems. But in many ways the systems were very different. Our survey treats not only the commercial banks but also the “near-banks” and “semi-banks” that shared the field with the more conventional banking institutions; we also discuss the financial context, both domestic and international, in which these institutions worked. Summary financial data appear in Table 9-1.
Castelo Branco: The Attempt to Institutionalize
Authors: Skidmore Thomas E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
With the Second Institutional Act (AI-2) in force, Castelo Branco ended his hopes that Brazil’ s political and economic ills could be cured in the short term. But the castelistas, as the moderate military came to be called, did not abandon their belief that they had the cure for turning Brazil into a stable, capitalist democracy. It might just take a little longer. Castelo Branco’ s remaining tenure as president is.the story of ever stronger doses of the same medicine. Meanwhile, the President defended his increasing political manipulation as short-term actions that would strengthen democ racy in the long run.1
Costa E Silva: The Military Tighten Their Grip
Authors: Skidmore Thomas E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
It was a tense moment when Marshal Costa e Silva received the presidential sash on March 15, 1967. Castelo Branco and his allies had stubbornly fought Costa e Silva’ s nomination. Having lost that battle, they pushed through a welter of new laws and a new constitution, ostensibly to consoli date the Revolution, but also to box in the new government.
Médici:The Authoritarian Face
Authors: Skidmore Thomas E 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
General Emilio Garrastazu Medici was virtually unknown to the public when he assumed the presidency in October 1969. By contrast, his two predecessors had been major figures in the Revolution of 1964. Both had a strong following among the military and the public by the time they became president. And both were eager for the job. Medici, by contrast, was a soldier’ s soldier. He was dead set against becoming president and gave in only on grounds of military duty. Medici became President, not because he or his military electors thought he had the vision or the knowledge a president needed, but because he was the only four-star general who could stop the army from tearing itself apart.1