bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Polarimetric Data for the Galilean Satellites: Io and Ganymede Observations and Modeling
Authors: Kiselev Nikolai , Rosenbush Vera , Leppälä Ari , Muinonen Karri , Kolokolova Ludmilla , Savushkin Aleksandr , Karpov Nikolai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
New high-precision disk-integrated measurements of the polarization of Io and Ganymede in the UBVRI bands are presented. The observations were obtained using polarimeters mounted on the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and the Peak Terskol Observatory in 2019–2023. For Io, the negative polarization branch (NPB) reaches a minimum of P
min ≈ −0.25 ± 0.02% in the V band at a phase angle of α
min = 2.°1 ± 0.°5. The inversion angle is α
inv = 26° ± 6° in the V and R bands. The NPB for Ganymede is an asymmetric curve, with P
min = −0.34 ± 0.01% at α
min = 0.°52 ± 0.°06 and α
inv = 8.°5 ± 0.°2 in the V band. Although Io and Europa have similar geometric albedos (0.63 and 0.67, respectively), their NPB shapes differ. The NPB of Ganymede (albedo of 0.43) is morphologically similar to that of Europa, although it is described by different parameter values (P
min, α
min, and α
inv). This discrepancy is likely due to the compositions of their surfaces: Europa’s with H2O ice, Io’s with sulfuric/silicate composition, and Ganymede’s with H2O ice and silicates. Numerical computations using the radiative transfer coherent backscattering method demonstrated a match to the polarimetric observations and to the geometric albedos for Ganymede with the single-scattering albedo ≈ 0.943 and mean free path length kl = 2πl/λ
eff ≈ 150, where λ
eff is the wavelength. For Io’s regolith, the single-scattering albedo was found to be ≈ 0.979 and kl ≈ 40.
Compliance and Side effects of face mask use in medical team managing COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mohamed Hussein Aliae A R , Khalaf Mohammad G A , Abd_Elaal Howida Khalaf , Kholief Karima M S , Abdelnaser Mariam G , Makhlouf Hoda A , Makhlouf Nahed A , Galal Islam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The necessity of wearing personal protective equipment specially facemasks to prevent the spread of COVID-19 to healthcare workers has been emphasized in the current COVID-19 pandemic. This survey aimed to estimate the compliance and perceived side effects causing non-adherence to their use in medical personnel.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted in the period from March to June 2021including healthcare workers in a tertiary care isolation hospital in contact with COVID-19 cases. A designed online questionnaire was distributed to all teams and data were obtained with response rate 97.3%.

Results
The study included 302 participants. Adherence was recorded in 293 (97%) during shifts for mean duration of 6.84 ± 2.9 h. Nearly 53% reported changing masks during shift due mask damage, then contamination with secretions of COVID-19 or suspected patients. The causes of non- adherence were perceived dyspnea then headache in 65.3 and 17%. The most commonly reported side effects in all participants were dyspnea (87.4%), headache (42.7%), and 62.3% of the participants reported that these side effects began within 6 h after wearing the mask and 41.1% said that these side effects disappear after less than 1 h.

Conclusion
Adherence to use of protective facemask between medical teams during the COVID-19 in our hospital was very satisfactory. The main side effects were perceived dyspnea and headache and recorded after prolonged use. There is a need to follow the burden of these side effects to avoid non-adherence and to take measures to reduce hours of work shifts especially during pandemics.
Clinical, radiological varieties and diagnostic facilities of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV uninfected patients, a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammed A , Shehta Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. It is the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). WHO estimated TB incidence in Egypt in 2019 at 12 000.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to make a re-look at the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and radiological findings of patients with smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (SNPT) in non-HIV infected patients.

Methods
Retrospective analysis was performed including non-HIV patients with smear negative TB, with studying of demographics, symptoms, radiological patterns, and radiological distribution and the used diagnostic methods.

Statistical analysis
The demographic, clinical, and radiological data were gathered together, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Data analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS – version 22).

Results
74 smear-negative TB, non-HIV, age mean 47.17 ± 12.8 SD, 72.2% were males, DM was present in (39.2%), fever in (83.3%), weight loss in (61.1%), cough in (59.7%), consolidation pattern in (63.8%), cavities in (36.1%), an apical segment of right upper lobe in (41.9%), bronchoscopic lavage with Ziehl–Neelsen stain (BAL ZN) diagnosed (52.7%) of sputum negative cases.

Conclusion
Common variables among recorded cases were male sex, middle-aged individuals, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), toxic manifestation, an involved right apical segment of the upper lobe, consolidation and cavitary patterns, and most cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopic lavage with Ziehl–Neelsen.
Role of Agnihotra in Maternal and Child Healthcare: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sanu Usharani Shyamasundar , Vernekar Sunil S. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Ayurveda, the Traditional Indian system of medicine with a philosophical background, has a holistic approach to health. Yuktivyapashraya chiktsa (rational treatment by use of drugs), Satvavjaya chikitsa (psychotherapy), and Daivavyapashraya chikitsa (celestial therapy) are the methods of treatment adopted in Ayurveda. Daivavyapashraya chikitsa includes the wearing of gems, chanting of mantras, and performances of homas (fire oblation rituals) which have great results but lack scientific documentation. Agnihotra is advised as a part of garbhasamskara therapy, but its scientific benefits are not documented. These therapies revive normal functioning of the mind, build sattva guna, and remove obstacles from rajas. Agnihotra, also known as homa therapy, yaga, yajna, or sacrifice, is one of the rituals of ancient Vedic traditions. This study aims to review the earlier studies on Agnihotra and illuminate the scientific benefits of Agnihotra rituals and further relate their application as rakshognavidhi (preventive measures) in pregnant women (grabhini), postnatal women (sutika), and in infants (bala). This review covers the concepts of “Agnihotra,” “Mantra,” “Maternal and child health,” “Preconception care,” “Postpartum care” with the hope to evoke more studies and scientific evidences in this area. There were 13 articles selected from PubMed central and two articles from the Cochrane database. These reviews pay attention to the clinical trials and the scientific effect of the ingredients used in the rituals of Agnihotra with their benefits. Agnihotra rituals are practiced by chanting Vedic mantras. The scientific aspects of Agnihotra rituals and their application as rakshognavidhi in pregnant women (grabhini), postnatal women (sutika), and infants (bala) were analyzed with references for the antibacterial, antifungal, and antimicrobial factors that cause sterilization effects. The ingredients such as cow dung cakes, ghee, and rice grains used in these rituals are antimicrobial and hence cause sterilization of the environment. The combined result of all ingredients practiced at the prescribed time produces positive vibrations that enrich electromagnetic radiation and cosmic energy. Such rituals are beneficial for maternal and child health because they maintain physical, mental, and spiritual health.
The prevalence of early childhood caries and treatment needs among children attending Anganwadi centers in Goa state: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Rangnekar Nidhi , Chalakkal Paul 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) is widespread, as reported in studies conducted in various states across India. Many children residing in the rural areas attend Anganwadi centers for preprimary education, nourishment, and health care.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of ECC among children attending Anganwadi centers in the state of Goa and their treatment needs.

Settings and Design:
The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Goa Dental College and Hospital. The study was carried out in Anganwadi centers spanning the various districts and talukas of Goa state.

Materials and Methods:
The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index was recorded in 3–5-year-old children along with treatment needs as per the modified WHO pro forma.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical software (STATA) for data science by StataCorp LLC (version 17), descriptive statistics, and Chi-square test.

Results:
A total of 386 children were examined, out of which 47% had ECC. The prevalence of ECC was highest in Canacona and the least in Tiswadi talukas. The severity and occurrence of ECC were found to the proportional to age. With regard to treatment needs, 8.55% needed restoration of at least one surface, 10.88% needed restoration of 2 or more surfaces, 5.44% required a crown, 11.4% needed pulpal treatment, and 6.74% needed extractions. Within the dmft component, the percentage of decayed teeth was 46.89%, followed by filled (0.52%) and missing (0.52%) teeth.

Conclusion:
The prevalence and severity of ECC in children attending Anganwadi centers in Goa were found to be large and proportional with increasing age.
Prevalence of Predominant Bacterial Flora and Evaluation of Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Strains in Pericoronitis: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Puttalingaiah Vinuth Dhundanali , Naik Veena V. , Nagamoti Jyoti M. , Angadi Punnya , Kale Alka , Pai Khot Atrey J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The objective is to determine predominant flora and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains in patients with pericoronitis.

Methodology:
The study group comprised 30 patients presenting with the clinical diagnosis of acute pericoronitis. The subgingival plaque sample was collected from the distal cervice of the third molar pericoronal pouch. Gram staining was performed, and aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture was done following the standard protocol. All the anerobic bacteria isolated were tested for ESBL by double disc synergy, potentiated disc diffusion and nitrocefen disc method.

Results:
The prevalence of micrococci was 26.6%, whereas, in anaerobes, the major isolates were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, which constituted 20%, followed by Bacteroides fragilis (16.6%) and Streptococcus viridans (13.3%). All the strains of B. fragilis, Leptotrichia species, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were 100% ESBL producers, followed by 83.3% of P. melaninogenica and P. gingivalis, 33.3% of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius.

Conclusion:
Study of microbial flora is crucial in conditions where antibiotics are the first line of treatment. Update of the diverse polymicrobial flora helps the clinician choose appropriate antibiotics. One of the primary causes for prescription failure or worsening of acute infections like pericoronitis might be ESBL-generating bacteria.
Epithelioid Hemangioma Masquerading as Traumatic Lesion: A Rare Case Report with Diagnostic Workup
Authors: Grover Himani , Jain Anshi , Gulati Nikita , Shetty Devi Charan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Wells and Whemser first identified epithelioid hemangioma (EH) as angiolymphoid hyperplasia in 1969. It is a rare type of vascular tumor that primarily affects men in their middle ages. Typically, it appears as a single or few reddish-to-brown nodules. EHs of the oral cavity have only seldom been reported up to this point. Histologically, it is distinguished by lobular vessel configuration, tombstone-like epithelioid cells lining the vessel wall, and a persistent inflammatory infiltration predominately made up of eosinophils. Although the terms EH and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma are sometimes confused, the two are distinct based on histopathology and a number of immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers, including high Ki67 index and ERG positivity observed later. Local trauma to a nearby vessel may be one of the etiopathogeneses for this entity. This is a rare case report of EH that was identified with the use of a panel of IHC markers and hematoxylin and eosin histology.
Factors Associated with Knowledge about Gestational Diabetes Mellitus among Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Arafah Daneiah M. , Aldohaian Arwa I. , Kazi Ambreen , Alquaiz AlJohara M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasing public health problem worldwide. Measuring the level of knowledge in a population at high risk for GDM will highlight the gaps and help in designing appropriate interventions. The objective of this study was to measure the knowledge about GDM and to identify the factors associated with it among pregnant women in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted with pregnant women seeking antenatal care services in two of the public sector tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh city. The study was performed using a self-administrated predesigned questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS program.

Results:
More than 40% of the participants had poor knowledge about GDM complications, diagnosis and management. Women with lack of exercise [adjusted odds ratio 3.3 (95% CI 1.8, 6.1)]; having past histroy of GDM [3.2 (1.8, 5.7); primigravida [2.9 (1.6, 5.1)]; information on GDM received from doctors [2.0 (1.2, 3.4)] and those with low education level [1.8 (1.1, 2.9)] were more likely to have poor knowledge about GDM. Whereas, women with positive family history were 60 times more likely to have good knowledge about GDM.

Conclusion:
Primigravida mothers and those with low education level should receive specific information and awareness regarding GDM. Healthy lifestyle is important for the prevention and improvement in the diagnosis and management of GDM among pregnant women in Riyadh.
The Ability of MBBS Graduates to Apply Orthopedic Knowledge in Their Practice – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Sivani Varigonda , Suna Rahul , Poruri Krishna Divya , Jagannadham P. V. S. S. M. , Prasad Siva G. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
An MBBS graduate is the first contact with medical care in many health-care establishments such as primary health centers and emergency medicine departments. Majority of the patients present to them with musculoskeletal-related problems. Hence, adequate exposure and knowledge of the musculoskeletal system are essential to an MBBS graduate. This study helps to assess the adequacy of orthopedics knowledge and also aims to know the perception of MBBS graduates about orthopedics as a subject.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire is administered to MBBS graduates on their: (1) basic information (demographic data), (2) exposure to different domains of orthopedic training during their graduation, (3) confidence with which they can perform certain important orthopedic-related competencies, (4) orthopedic knowledge (by giving them questionnaire-containing orthopedic subject-related questions), and (5) perception about orthopedics as a subject. Scores are awarded to the cognitive test. Their responses are tabulated and analyzed using standard statistical tests.

Results:
The total number of participants is 80, of which 59 people chose to respond. The average score obtained by the students in the cognitive test on orthopedic knowledge is 54.9% in the present study. Only 4% of the participants feel that orthopedic subjects are easy. Nearly 59% found orthopedics interesting. About 42% of the participants feel that the orthopedic teaching in their undergraduation was inadequate. About 71% of the participants feel that orthopedics should be introduced as a separate subject during their MBBS.

Conclusions:
Orthopedics must be introduced as a separate subject undergraduate level such as ENT and ophthalmology to meet the needs of the community and to empower an MBBS graduate to provide adequate care to orthopedic patients at grass root level.
Functional Outcome of Intra-Articular Distal End Radius Fracture Treated with Volar Plate Fixation
Authors: Patel Ravi Haribhai , Asati Gouri Shankar , Bidoliya Vinaydeep , Lunagariya Ruchita 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background:
The distal ends of radius fractures continue to pose a therapeutic challenge. With the advent of locking plates, the fixation of these fractures has been made better. This study evaluates the functional outcome of surgical management of intra-articular fractures of distal radius by open reduction and internal fixation with volar plate using the demerit point system of Gartland and Werley.

Subjects and Methods:
Thirty-four patients with intra-articular fractures of the distal end of radius, who were operated by open reduction and internal fixation with volar plate, were included in the study during the period of July 2017–June 2018. With a minimum follow-up of 6 months, radiological outcome was analyzed and functional outcome was recorded.

Results:
Seventeen patients had excellent results accounting for 50.00%, 13 patients had good results accounting for 38.23%, and 3 patients had fair results accounting for 8.82%. Thirty (88.22%) patients did not have any complications. Highly significant difference (P < 0.001) was found in radial shortening, radial inclination, and volar tilt of patients preoperatively and postoperatively and also between preoperative and at final follow-up (P < 0.001). Nine (52.95%) patients having 3 days of duration from injury to surgery had excellent outcome and 8 (61.54%) had good outcome.

Conclusion:
Open reduction and internal fixation by volar plate provides better functional outcome in treating the intra-articular fracture of distal end radius. Hence, this procedure can be used as an alternative to other procedures in treating intra-articular fractures of distal end radius with less complications.
Lateral Chronic Ankle Instability: A Brief Review
Authors: Agarwal Saurabh , Nagaich Abhishek , Sunny Nibin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is considered “an acute traumatic injury to the lateral ligament complex of the ankle joint as a result of excessive inversion of the rear foot or a combined plantar flexion and adduction of the foot”. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by a history of one significant LAS, subsequent recurrent sprains, episodes of the ankle giving way, or self-reported deficits in ankle function for >1 year following the initial sprain. If untreated, instability may lead to cartilage deterioration and end in degenerative ankle disease. The objective of this review is to provide recent scientific evidence on CAI. Through this article, we have tried to put some light upon a problem that causes significant morbidity to the patient by compilation of the available evidence-based concepts. The need for this article is as there is the absence of a generalized treatment algorithm, the presence of various treatment modalities, the presence of two schools of opinion regarding treatment, and the absence of comprehensive text. Years of research have identified numerous impairments associated with CAI such as decreases in range of motion, strength, postural control, and altered movement patterns during functional activities when compared to individuals with no LAS history. As a result, an impairment-based rehabilitation model was developed to treat the common impairments associated with CAI. The impairment-based rehabilitation model has been shown to be an effective rehabilitation strategy at improving both clinical and patient-oriented outcomes in patients with CAI. We have reviewed the current literature regarding diagnosis, imaging, conservative methods, surgical approaches, and rehabilitation protocols.
Regression-cum-ratio mean imputation class of estimators using non-conventional robust measures
Authors: Audu Ahmed , Zakari Yahaya , Yunusa Mojeed A. , Olawoyin Ishaq O. , Manu Faruk , Muhammad Isah 
Published: January 2024

Different imputation strategies have been developed by several authors to take care of missing observations during analyses. Nevertheless, the estimators involved in some of these schemes depend on known parameters of the auxiliary variable which outliers can easily influence. In this study, a new class of ratio-type imputation methods that utilize parameters that are free from outliers has been presented. The estimators of the schemes were obtained and their MSEs were derived up to first-order approximation using the Taylor series approach. Also, conditions for which the new estimators are more efficient than others considered in the study were also established. Numerical examples were conducted and the results revealed that the proposed class of estimators is more efficient.
Adsorptive and Inhibitive Potential of Halide Ions and Plant Extracts from <i>Cucurbita Maxima</i> as Stainless Steel Inhibitors
Authors: Aliyu S.I. , Umoru P.E. , Sahabi Y. , Umar H. , Noah J.A. 
Published: January 2024

By utilizing weight loss measurements and electrochemical technique, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Cucurbita maxima peel and seed extracts on Grade 304 austenitic stainless steel in 1 M sulphuric acid solution was examined. The efficacy of C. maxima extracts' inhibition increased with concentration while decreasing with temperature. At 0.7 g/L extract concentration for 3 hours of immersion, the inhibitor's greatest efficiency was 95.21% for PCM and 94.26% for SCM. Stainless steel corrosion was successfully inhibited by C. maxima peel and seed extracts, according to the results, and it was discovered that the presence of halide ions enhanced the efficacy of the inhibition. The synergistic effect of halide ions was found to follow the order: KI > KCl. According to the polarization curve, C. maxima functions as a mixed-type inhibitor. Due to the extract components' adsorption on the stainless steel surface, peel and seed extracts exhibit an inhibitory effect. The activation energy of the corrosion reaction increases by the presence of both extracts. The physical adsorption is shown by the negative values of ΔGads, which range from -12 kJ/mol to -18 kJ/mol. These values show the spontaneity of the adsorption process. Adsorption is a physical process that adheres to Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The results of a study using scanning electron microscopy to examine the surface morphology of stainless steel in inhibited and uninhibited acid solutions revealed that the presence of extract and halide inhibitors remarkably lowers the corrosion rate. This is as a result of the extract and halide inhibitor molecules adhering to the surface and forming a barrier that prevents an acid attack.