bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olfactory bulb projections of the rat
Authors: White Lowell E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTen rats with lesions in the olfactory bulb were used in this study. Degenerating fibers were followed by the Nauta‐Gygax silver impregnation technique and terminal changes were evaluated by the original Nauta technique. In these animals degenerating fibers can be traced into the lateral olfactory tract with projections to the olfactory tubercle, the fiberarchitectonic subareas of area 51 (with relative sparing of 51d), lateral olfactory nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, cortical amygdaloid neucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus. Evidence for a projection to the lateral ventral entorhinal area is noted in all animals. No changes are noted in subiculum, hippocampus and stria terminalis; nor in the central, baso‐lateral or lateral amygdaloid nuclei.
The anatomy and function of the contents of the human tarsal sinus and canal
Authors: Cahill Donald R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ligaments of the tarsal sinus and canal, including the roots of the inferior extensor retinaculum, the cervical ligament and the ligament of the tarsal canal, have been restudied and their function has been correlated with the movements of inversion and eversion. The ligaments are extracapsular and their attachments are somewhat more complex than previously reported. A band of fibers, heretofore undescribed, has been designated as the “oblique talocalcaneal band.” It passes from the calcaneal attachment of the intermediate root of the inferior extensor retinaculum to join the talar attachment of the ligament of the tarsal canal.The ligament of the tarsal canal averages 5.6 mm in width and 1.6 mm in thickness compared with the cervical ligament which is 11.6 mm wide and 2.8 mm thick. The axis of talocalcaneal movement passes between the articular surfaces of the talocalcaneonavicular and subtalar joints and, as a consequence, these articulations move in directions opposite to one another in inversion and eversion. Direct observation during passive movement indicates that the cervical ligament limits inversion whereas the ligament of the tarsal canal plays little or no role in limiting either inversion or eversion. The ligament of the tarsal canal appears to maintain apposition of the talus and calcaneus in all positions.
Electron microscopic observations on monoamine‐containing brain stem neurons in normal and drug‐treated rats
Authors: Lenn Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractBrain stem nuclei whose neurons contain monoamines have been surveyed by Dahlström and Fuxe ('64), using a fluorescence histochemical method. There was a diffuse fluorescence of the perikarya in these regions, with increases in catechol amine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine fluorescence after administration of dihydroxyphenylanine and pargyline, respectively. The perikarya of the locus coeruleus, nucleus dorsalis raphes and the region lateral to the nucleus interpeduncularis where numerous monoamine‐containing neurons are located, have been examined by electronmicroscopy and found not to be distinctive, except for small numbers of granular vesicles scattered in the cytoplasm. When three normal rats were compared with three given pargyline, no significant increase in the number of granular vesicles occurred in the nucleus dorsalis raphes. Thus the small number of granular vesicles does not seem to correlate with the diffuse fluorescence of these perikarya, nor does the small change in the number of granular vesicles seem to correlate with the profound increase in fluorescence after pargyline administration. It is therefore concluded that the monoamine contained in these perikarya is not located exclusively, if at all, in vesicles either of the granular or nongranular type.
The anterior choroidal artery: An anatomical study of its area of distribution
Authors: Herman L. H. , Fernando O. U. , Gurdjian E. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe morphology and the structures supplied by the extraventricular segment of the anterior choroidal artery was studied in 22 human brains. The pertinent arterial sections were injected with a gelatin‐india ink mixture and the brains serially sectioned and cleared after formalin fixation. The area of distribution of the anterior choroidal artery varied widely.There is good supply to the globus pallidus, the posterior and retrolenticular portions of the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle, the optic tract and the lateral geniculate body. A lesser supply is furnished to the genu of the internal capsule, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and amygdala.
Microradiography of the rabbit's hepatic microcirculation. The similarity of the hepatic portal and pulmonary arterial circulations
Authors: Reeves John T. , Leathers James E. , Boatright Carl 
Published: February 2005

AbstractExamination of microradiographs of liver indicate that the hepatic arteries supply the richly anastomosing arterial plexus around the biliary ducts. This arterial plexus supplies the portal veins directly and the peripheral hepatic sinusoids. Arterial “boosters” penetrating deep within the lobule were not seen. Hepatic veins receive sinusoids at irregular angles and frequent intervals, whereas portal veins distribute flow through short right angle inlet venules spaced at greater intervals. Pulmonary arteries also distribute flow to capillaries through short right angle precapillaries and pulmonary veins receive capillary drainage at irregular angles and frequent intervals. The location of capillary beds of both liver and lung only 10 to 30 μ from inflow channels appears “ideally” suited for circulations of low vascular resistance. The analogy of liver and lung relates biliary system to airway, hepatic artery to bronchial artery, portal vein to pulmonary artery, hepatic vein to pulmonary vein and ductus venosus to ductus arteriosus. In particular, should the pulmonary artery be considered a “pulmonary portal vein”.
Periosteal appositional bone growth from age two to age seventy in man. A tetracycline evaluation
Authors: Epker Bruce N. , Frost Harold M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPeriosteal appositional bone formation in human ribs was analyzed. Tetracycline labels deposited in vivo reveal that in human ribs there can be continued apposition of periosteal bone after age 20, which decreases in amount with advancing age but is still present in the seventh decade.
The leydig cell in larval amphibian epidermis. Fine structure and function
Authors: Kelly Douglas E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe large, presumably mucus and/or fluid secreting cells of Leydig have been studied in the epidermis of the newt, Taricha torosa, by light and electron microscopy. Mitotic activity in visibly differentiated Leydig cells results in their increasing numbers so that by mid‐larval stages they comprise the major cellular component of tailfin skin. Subsequently, the number of these cells diminishes as the epidermis thickens; their final disappearance coincides with metamorphosis and epidermal cornification. During the course of larval life, clear vesicles within Leydig cell cytoplasm accumulate granular material and, in time, assume the morphology of typical mucous aggregates. Concomitantly, the cytoplasm progressively becomes clear in appearance and nearly devoid of organelles.The surface of larval skin is normally provided with a thin mucous coat by continual production on the part of apical epidermal cells. When this surface is exposed to air, observation over a period of time reveals that the outer mucous coat hardens rapidly. There is no indication that additional fluid or mucus is provided to the drying surface from Leydig cells. Rather, light and electron micrographs of epidermis after various degrees of desiccation suggest that Leydig cells do respond to drying, but do so by adding fluid and perhaps mucous material to subsurface, extracellular compartments of the epidermis. The concept that Leydig cells provide an internal fluid reserve is discussed in relation to epidermal development and prevailing physiological and structural evidence bearing on intercellular compartments.
Connections between the T system and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Walker Sheppard M. , Schrodt G. Randolph 
Published: February 2005

AbstractElectron micrographs of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers show membrane‐like dense structures traversing the space between the transverse system (T) and the terminal segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (R). The periodicity of the structures, viewed in longitudinal sections of triads, varies from 150–250 Å. The distance between apposed membranes of T and R is 80–100 Å at the level of the dense structures between T and R. The distance is slightly greater than 100 Å at the level of less dense areas which alternate with the dense structures. The scalloped appearance of the R membrane, associated with differences in distance between T and R when the levels of dense structures and less dense areas are compared, leads to the suggestion that a holding force might be exerted by the dense structures. Such a holding force would support the view that the membrane‐like dense structures are indeed connections between T and R. If membrane‐like connections between T and R completely surround the less dense areas it is possible that a “physiological tight junction” conductive to electrotonic spread of current might exist between apposed membranes of T and R.
Concealed umbilical hernia: Papez's concept of so‐called paraduodenal hernia
Authors: Laslie Michael , Durden Charles , Allen Lane 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwo cases are described in which enormous bloodless peritoneal sacs occupy the abdominal cavity and enclose the small intestines. Back of the sac the colic arteries and veins are in normal anatomical position. The inferior mesenteric vein has been converted into a fibrous cord with resulting reversal of venous return from the hindgut into the hypogastric vein. These cases conform to Papez's concept of the so‐called paraduodenal hernia: the peritoneal sac is derived from the embryonic umbilical peritoneal cavity. The authors suggest that most, if not all large intraperitoneal sacs, the so‐called paraduodenal hernias, are derived from the embryonic umbilical peritoneal diverticulum.
Distribution of cholinesterase within the sinus node and AV node of the human heart
Authors: James Thomas N. , Spence Caryle A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDistribution of cholinesterase within the sinus node, AV node and His bundle of the human heart was studied utilizing acetylthiocholine as the substrate. Cholinesterase is present in large amounts in the conduction system tissue, much smaller amounts in right atrial myocardium and was not observed in ventricular myocardium. The sinus node artery was devoid of cholinesterase, as was the sarcolemma and nucleus of cells in the conduction system. Cholinergic nerve endings stained the most heavily of all tissue studied and were more numerous in the sinus node than the AV node. Stellate‐shaped cells previously suggested to be the pace‐making site in the sinus node were found to contain abundant cholinesterase. Fibers in the AV nodal bypass tract, which lies between the AV node and right atrial endocardium, also contain cholinesterase. Within individual cells of the sinus node cholinesterase could be identified within myofibrils, with periodic absence in the linear staining most likely corresponding to the Z bands. Other organelles within the cells also contained cholinesterase, but their precise definition was impossible with the present technics. Possible functional significance of these histochemical observations were discussed.
An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. some deep muscles of the back
Authors: Pauly John E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted by means of hypodermic needles 1 cm apart into the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis lumborum, main mass of the erector spinae between the ilium and the twelfth rib, the multifidus and glutenus maximus of 20 young men and women.Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an 8‐channel recorder. Because the integrated electromyogram is displayed as a deviation from the baseline proportional to the strength of the muscle contraction, it was possible to appraise the relative contributions made by different muscles to any given movement or exercise. By this method simultaneous recordings were made from the muscles while the subjects flexed, extended, hyperextended, abducted and adducted the trunk from the orthograde position; walked on a treadmill, lifted weights; and performed certain exercises recommended by the President's Council on Adult Physical Fitness. Many exercises were compared, and the best ones were selected on the basis of the strength of the contractions they produced. The best exercises for strengthening the deep muscles of the back were those that involved hyperextension of the back from the prone position.Contrary to current opinion, the erector spinae is not active during abduction or adduction of the trunk from the orthograde position if the body is maintained in the frontal plane.The integrated electromyogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of exercises.
The anatomy of the cervicothoracic arterial system in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with a surgical approach suitable for guided angiography
Authors: Galliano R. E. , Morgane P. J. , McFarland W. L. , Nagel E. L. , Catherman R. L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnatomical dissections on the cervicothoracic arterial system of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) have been carried out as a necessary stage preceding certain physiological investigations in this animal. It is essential to have access to large blood vessels in these investigations, and the lack of superficial blood vessels suitable for catheterization in this species has required that a surgical approach to deeper vessels be developed. We have described a surgical technique for exposure of the A. carotis externa and V. jugularis externa and have used this method to introduce angio‐catheters into both of these vessels. By these means we have been able to carry out hemodynamic, blood chemistry, and angiographic studies with successful recovery of the animals. These investigations, anatomical dissections on normal animals, and studies of vinylite vascular casts have delineated many specialized features of the cervicothoracic vascular systems in the dolphin.
Electron microscopic observations of pericytes of small blood vessels in the lungs and hearts of normal cattle and swine
Authors: Epling Glenwood P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn an electron microscopic study of lungs and hearts from cattle and swine, filament‐containing cells were observed to extend through the basement membrane and form contacts with endothelial cells of capillaries, arterioles, and venules. It is suggested that these may be cells of Rouget and that they may be of considerable functional significance.
The effects of ultracentrifugation on the mammalian erythrocyte
Authors: Beams H. W. , Kessel R. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPieces of rat spleen were subjected in an air turbine ultracentrifuge to a force of approximately 400,000 times gravity for periods varying from one‐half to one hour. They were immediately fixed for study with both the light and electron microscopes. Stained preparations show a displacement and stratification of materials within the erythrocytes. The stratified layers are probably components of the stroma which differ in their relative specific gravities and staining reactions. The chemical nature of the different layers has not been determined, but their relative volumes are indicated by the dimensions of the layers.Electron micrographs show some effects of the ultracentrifugation such as stretching and the concentration of more dense material in the centrifugal halves of the cells, but a clear cut demonstration of the three stratified layers observed in Mallory's triple stained preparations is not evident. Except for the plasma membrane and a finely granular interior of the erythrocyte, little other structure is revealed within it, especially concerning the nature and distribution of the stroma.
Ultrastructural studies on early elastogenesis
Authors: Fahrenbach W. H. , Sandberg L. B. , Cleary E. G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractElastogenesis in the ligamentum nuchae of the fetal calf commences with the extracellular deposition of hollow‐appearing filaments, 130 Å in diameter, showing a banding pattern consisting of alternating segments, 50 Å and 130 Å long, respectively. Similar filaments are found in the crude extract of the ligament. Mature elastin forms within these masses of filaments and displays an internal, branching tangle of 30 Å filaments. Elastogenesis is accompanied by a high level of cellular activity involving acanthosomes, which have been interpreted as a mechanism of secretion of protein‐polysaccharide complexes.
Light and electron microscopy of intestinal ferritin absorption. Observations in sensitized and nonsensitized hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)
Authors: Bockman Dale E. , Winborn William B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe intestinal absorptive cells of adult hamsters which have been pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of horse ferritin or subcutaneous injections of ferritin‐adjuvant mixture show a marked absorption of this protein when it is introduced into ligated segments of the intestinal lumen for periods up to three hours.Ferritin is concentrated in the enteric surface coating, intracytoplasmic vesicles in the supranuclear area, and the Golgi apparatus. Large aggregates are localized in macrophages, fibrocytes, and endothelial cells of the lamina propria. Individual molecules are also present in these cells, plasma cells, intercellular spaces and capillary lumens.
Observations on the pilot whale Globicephala melaena: Organweight and growth
Authors: Cowan Daniel F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe organ weights of 55 Pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) of known age, sex and length were determined by direct measurement. These weights were compared with body length and statistical analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation between non‐endocrine organ weight and body length, and by extension with body weight. Non‐endocrine organs are not significantly related (p>0.1). Graphs demonstrated the essentially parabolic nature of the weight and growth curves.Statements regarding organ weights in this, and presumably in related species are meaningless unless taken in conjunction with either body length or weight.
A radioautographic study of the migration and fate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo
Authors: Johnston Malcolm C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe migration and fate of cranial neural fold cells of the chick embryo (White Leghorn strain) were followed radioautographically after replacing crestcontaining fold segments with comparable segments from donor embryos labeled with tritiated thymidine. The behavior of the neural crest cells was found to be remarkably similar to that of their amphibian counterparts. The movements of labeled crest cells into the upper facial region of the chick embryo, in conjunction with their proliferative activity, apparently gave rise to the embryonic facial (medial and lateral nasal, and maxillary) processes. As the cells moved into the visceral arches, they surrounded the core‐ like mescdermal muscle plates.In the upper face and visceral arch regions, labeled crest cells participated in the formation of cartilage. Judging from the distribution of these cells in the remaining mesenchyme, it appears that the still undifferentiated skeletal and connective tisues of these regions are also of neural crest origin. Labeled crest cells were also found in the root ganglia of the VIIth and of the IXth and Xth nerves and the trigeminal and ciliary ganglia. While labeled neural crest contributed extensively to the formation of sheath cells, it made rather limited contributions to the meninges of the brain.
Transposition of the great vessels and other cardiovascular abnormalities in rat fetuses induced by trypan blue
Authors: Monie I. W. , Takacs Eva , Warkany J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractComplete and partial transposition of the great vessels, dextrocardia, and absence or stenosis of the tricuspid or mitral valves were encountered singly or in combination in rat fetuses from mothers injected with trypan blue solution subcutaneously on the 8th or 9th day of gestation. Hearts with transposition of the great vessels were usually characterized by shortness of the aorta and pulmonary trunk, cranial location of the aortic valve, displacement of the coronary arteries, and a channel or “track” extending from the cranial portion (infundibulum) of the right ventricle to the commencement of the transposed pulmonary trunk. Inadequate expansion of the atrioventricular ring about the 12th or 13th day of gestation possibly leads to deformity of the atrioventricular cushions and to absence or stenosis of the tricuspid or mitral valves. Sinuosity of the truncus arteriosus seen in many 13th day and older embryos of the trypan blue series is considered a significant factor in the development of transposition of the great vessels.
The cell web in epithelial cells of the rat kidney
Authors: Clermont Y. , Pereira G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe “cell web,” a supporting fibrillar component of the cytoplasm was investigated in sections of adult rat kidney stained with the tannic acid‐phosphomolybdic acid‐amido black (TPA) technique. At the apex of all tubular epithelial cells and immediately below the brush border of microvilli, the cell web formed a thin layer of tightly knit fibrils which inserted on terminal bars, the latter following a straight or sinuous course in circumscribing the cell apices. On the lateral surfaces of all tubular cells, with the exception of those lining the first segment of the proximal convoluted tubule and the whole distal convoluted tubule, some TPA stained fibrils were seen running from the terminal bars toward the base of the cells. Lastly, at the base of all tubular cells, excepting those of the macula densa and the cortical and papillary collecting ducts, some coarse fibrils, oriented circularly around the tubule, were seen close to the basement membrane.Thus, in most tubular epithelial cells, cell web fibrils were found below the apical, lateral and basal cell surfaces, making up a framework for the support of the cytoplasm. Cell Web fibrils were also observed in the parietal and visceral epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule.
A rare variation of the inferior mesenteric artery in man
Authors: Gwyn David G. , Skilton J. S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA case in which the inferior mesenteric artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery is recorded in the cadaver of a 76‐year‐old Caucasian male who had died of carcinoma of the lung.A review of the literature since 1736 indicates that this is an extremely rare abnormality.
Fine structure of fiber types in normal human muscle
Authors: Shafiq S. A. , Gorycki M. , Goldstone L. , Milhorat A. T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe fine structure of fiber types in the human vastus lateralis muscle is described. In contrast to the types in other mammals, the two types (red and white) in this muscle seem to differ only in the number and size of mitochondria and not in the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum or in the structure of myofibrils. The continuity of fiber plasma membrane with the T tubules in the fiber is described. Occasional degenerate foci, which have been found in the normal muscle, are also described.