bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galen on the Stoic-Peripatetic Controversy about Mixtures: Qualities or Bodies?
Authors: Mirrione Claudia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Galen’s elemental mixture of fire, air, water and earth (and of the corresponding primary qualities, hot, cold, dry and wet) is primarily a physical process, in which primary elements mix and give rise to all compounded physical bodies, inanimate and animate. As such, the concrete, physical process of mixture is an essential basis for a thorough understanding of Galen’s physical system. In this article I pursued a twofold aim. First, I showed Galen’s syncretic approach while expounding his theory of mixture (insofar as he attributes that theory equally to ‘Hippocrates’, Aristotle and the Stoics) and illustrated the reasons behind this approach. Second, and more importantly, I addressed Galen’s epistemological position concerning mixture’s constituents and answered the question of whether, according to Galen, are the qualities alone, conceived more Aristotelico as conceptually distinct from the body itself, to mix or if Galen viewed mixture, as the Stoics did, as a coextension of bodies. As we argue, Galen assigns the epistemological status of πιθανόν to the Aristotelian and Peripatetic doctrines. This indicates that, to a certain extent, he joins this historical debate and is more closely aligned with Aristotle and the Peripatetics than with the Stoics. By resorting to what is πιθανόν Galen obtains two results: (1) does not expose himself to accusations of dogmatism but, at the same time and in his method, enters the ongoing controversy about qualities and bodies without taking a definitive position, and (2) he preserves his syncretic theoretical structure which finds its linchpin in the defence of a medical-cum-philosophical continuism.
The use of CGM to identify hypoglycemia and glycemic patterns in congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Gariepy Martin , Yoosefi Niyoosha , Silva Carolina , Chanoine Jean-Pierre , Abdulhussein Fatema S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Unrecognized hypoglycemia, especially in the neonatal population, is a significant cause of morbidity and poor neurologic outcomes. Children with congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) are at risk of hypoglycemia and point of care testing (POCT) is the standard of care. Studies have shown that continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves glycemic control and reduces the frequency of hypoglycemia among children with type 1 diabetes. There is limited experience with the use of CGM in children with HI. To assess the glycemic pattern of children with HI on stable therapy and evaluate the frequency of undetected hypoglycemia using Dexcom G6® CGM.

Methods
A cross-sectional, observational pilot study was done in 10 children, ages 3 months to 17 years. Each child had a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HI on stable medical therapy. Participants were asked to continue their usual POCT blood glucose monitoring, as well as wear a blinded Dexcom G6® CGM during a 20-day study period with the potential of unblinding if there was severe hypoglycemia detected during the study trial.

Results
During the study period, 26 hypoglycemic events were noted by CGM in 60 % of the participants with 45 % occurring between 0600 and 0800.

Conclusions
CGM can help detect hypoglycemia and blood glucose trends during a time when there is usually no POCT, which can guide medical management. 30 % of our population had a dose adjustment in their medications. This study was limited by population size.
The lexicon and culture – culture and the lexicon
Authors: Reichmann Oskar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The article analyzes the relationship between lexicon and culture, first from a description theoretical perspective. The focus is on a conception of these two under aspects of technical language, particularly with regard to the relationship between noun and verb-based technical language. Subsequently, an attempt is made to derive culture from speech, specifically from the linguistic action within a language community, while taking into account hermeneutic problems. In closing the article explains how the unity of word usage and culture can be presented and communicated to a target audience by the FWB, a semantically-oriented dictionary. The lemma glaube in its definition 4 serves as an example.
Women in Lexicography:

a collaborative citizens project
Authors: Domínguez Vázquez María José , Mosquera Sánchez Lola , Chidimma Nebechukwu Deborah , Sih U-Tong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the version 1.0 of the collaborative citizens project Women in Lexicography (WL), which aims to compile and to increase the visibility of female lexicographers’ work in different countries and continents. It explains how this project came about and how the main structural and content characteristics of this collaborative tool were defined, focusing on the description of the Dictionary Platform where WL is hosted and the macro and microstructure of Women in Lexicography. In addition to the presentation of the dictionary from a lexicographical perspective, the role of the work as a cultural mediator is the guiding principle of the contribution. This open science, i. e. this citizen lexicography project, represents a model of sustainable and socially responsible lexicography.
Blood-brain barrier breakdown in COVID-19 ICU survivors: an MRI pilot study
Authors: Shi Wen , Jiang Dengrong , Rando Hannah , Khanduja Shivalika , Lin Zixuan , Hazel Kaisha , Pottanat George , Jones Ebony , Xu Cuimei , Lin Doris , Yasar Sevil , Cho Sung-Min , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) results in severe inflammation at the acute stage. Chronic neuroinflammation and abnormal immunological response have been suggested to be the contributors to neuro-long-COVID, but direct evidence has been scarce. This study aims to determine the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) survivors using a novel MRI technique.

Methods
COVID-19 ICU survivors (n=7) and age and sex-matched control participants (n=17) were recruited from June 2021 to March 2023. None of the control participants were hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection. The COVID-19 ICU survivors were studied at 98.6 ± 14.9 days after their discharge from ICU. A non-invasive MRI technique was used to assess the BBB permeability to water molecules, in terms of permeability surface area-product (PS) in the units of mL/100 g/min.

Results
PS was significantly higher in COVID-19 ICU survivors (p=0.038) when compared to the controls, with values of 153.1 ± 20.9 mL/100 g/min and 132.5 ± 20.7 mL/100 g/min, respectively. In contrast, there were no significant differences in whole-brain cerebral blood flow (p=0.649) or brain volume (p=0.471) between the groups.

Conclusions
There is preliminary evidence of a chronic BBB breakdown in COVID-19 survivors who had a severe acute infection, suggesting a plausible contributor to neurological long-COVID symptoms.
Nationalsozialistische Schreibtischtäter in Würdigungen zu Rechtslehrern
Authors: Dammann Klaus 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden Diskussionen untersucht, die sich mit Rechtslehrer-Würdigungstexten befassen. Es geht um die, welche die „Zeit der Verstrickung“ und damit ‚Schreibtischtaten‘ (Bluttaten inklusive) im Deutschfaschismus bis 1945 in besonderer Weise behandeln. Zu der Diskussion um den einschlägigen Abschnitt in Treibers „Juristische Lebensläufe“ (1979) sind vier andere mit gleichem Thema hinzugefügt. Eine dreht sich um Luhmanns Fallrahmen für NS-Lebensläufe (1965), kritisiert von Reemtsma und Kühl. Insgesamt fünf Kommunikationszusammenhänge, auch mit nichtsoziologischen Autoren im Fokus, werden daraufhin verglichen, welches Beobachtungsinstrumentarium zu sozialen Erwartungen (speziell Norm-, Motivations-, Moral-, Person- sowie Zeittheorie) zur Kennzeichnung der Würdigungen verwendet wird. Ergebnis: Sie unterscheiden sich weniger als szientistisch (speziell: soziologistisch) zu erwarten wäre. Es wird untersucht, wie man das erklären kann. Die Hypothese wird bestätigt, dass der ‚Realitätskontakt‘ einer soziologischen Theorie es schafft, in Abstraktionen Kongruenzen von soziologischen und anderen Beobachtungsformen zu finden. Dieser Kontakt findet nicht nur mit Realitätstests (Verwendung empirischer Methodik) sondern auch mit Realitätsbezug (einer Theoriemethodik) statt, d. h. dadurch, dass man soziologische Begriffe auf Selbstabstraktionen des außersoziologischen Gegenstandsbereichs ‚aufruhen‘ lässt. Heißt das, dass Begriffe (z. B. auch solche des Rechts) in die Soziologie diffundieren? In der „Anwendungsforschung“ hat man gegenteilig die Diffusion soziologischer Erkenntnis in außersoziologische Bereiche (auch ins Recht) untersucht.
Modeling synaptic integration of bursty and beta oscillatory inputs in ventromedial motor thalamic neurons in normal and parkinsonian states
Authors: Cavarretta Francesco , Jaeger Dieter 
Published: November 2023

The Ventromedial Motor Thalamus (VM) is implicated in multiple motor functions and occupies a central position in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop. It integrates glutamatergic inputs from motor cortex (MC) and motor-related subcortical areas, and it is a major recipient of inhibition from basal ganglia. Previousin vitro experimentsperformed in mice, showed that dopamine depletion enhances the excitability of thalamocortical (TC) neurons in VM due to reduced M-type potassium currents. To understand how these excitability changes impact synaptic integrationin vivo, we constructed biophysically detailed mouse VM TC model neurons fit to normal and dopamine-depleted conditions, using the NEURON simulator. These models allowed us to assess the influence of excitability changes with dopamine depletion on the integration of synaptic inputs expectedin vivo. We found that VM neuron models in the dopamine-depleted state showed increased firing rates with the same synaptic inputs. Synchronous bursting in inhibitory input from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR), as observed in parkinsonian conditions, evoked a post-inhibitory firing rate increase with a longer duration in dopamine-depleted than control conditions, due to different M-type potassium channel densities. With beta oscillations in the inhibitory inputs from SNR and the excitatory inputs from cortex, we observed spike-phase locking in the activity of the models in normal and dopamine-depleted states, which relayed and amplified the oscillations of the inputs, suggesting that the increased beta oscillations observed in VM of parkinsonian animals are predominantly a consequence of changes in the presynaptic activity rather than changes in intrinsic properties.Significance StatementThe ventromedial motor thalamus is implicated in multiple motor functions. Experimentsin vitroshowed this area undergoes homeostatic changes following dopamine depletion (parkinsonian state). Here we studied the expected impact of these changesin vivo, using biophysically detailed modeling. We found that dopamine depletion increased firing rate in the ventromedial thalamocortical neurons and changed their responses to synchronous inhibitory inputs from substantia nigra reticulata. All thalamocortical neuron models relayed and amplified beta oscillations from substantia nigra reticulata and cortical/subcortical inputs, suggesting that increased beta oscillations observed in parkinsonian animals predominantly reflect changes in presynaptic activity.
An Integrated Platform forIn VivoElectrophysiology in Spatial Cognition Experiments
Authors: Brea Guerrero Alfonso , Oijala Mikko , Moseley Shawn C. , Tang Te , Fletcher Fred , Zheng Yicheng , Sanchez Lilliana M. , Clark Benjamin J. , Mcnaughton Bruce L. , Wilber Aaron A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpatial cognition research requires behavioral paradigms that can distinguish between different navigational elements, such as allocentric (map-like) navigation and egocentric (e.g., body centered) navigation. To fill this need, we developed a flexible experimental platform that can be quickly modified without the need for significant changes to software and hardware. In this paper, we present this inexpensive and flexible behavioral platform paired with software which we are making freely available. Our behavioral platform serves as the foundation for a range of experiments, and although developed for assessing spatial cognition, it also has applications in the nonspatial domain of behavioral testing. There are two components of the software platform, “Maze” and “Stim Trigger.” While intended as a general platform, presently both programs can work in conjunction with Neuralynx and Open Ephys electrophysiology acquisition systems, allowing for precise time stamping of neural events. The Maze program includes functionality for automatic reward delivery based on user defined zones. “Stim Trigger” permits control of brain stimulation via any equipment that can be paired with an Arduino board. We seek to share our software and leverage the potential by expanding functionality in the future to meet the needs of a larger community of researchers.
Pupil Size Sensitivity to Listening Demand Depends on Motivational State
Authors: Kraus Frauke , Obleser Jonas , Herrmann Björn 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMotivation plays a role when a listener needs to understand speech under acoustically demanding conditions. Previous work has demonstrated pupil-linked arousal being sensitive to both listening demands and motivational state during listening. It is less clear how motivational state affects the temporal evolution of the pupil size and its relation to subsequent behavior. We used an auditory gap detection task (N = 33) to study the joint impact of listening demand and motivational state on the pupil size response and examine its temporal evolution. Task difficulty and a listener’s motivational state were orthogonally manipulated through changes in gap duration and monetary reward prospect. We show that participants’ performance decreased with task difficulty, but that reward prospect enhanced performance under hard listening conditions. Pupil size increased with both increased task difficulty and higher reward prospect, and this reward prospect effect was largest under difficult listening conditions. Moreover, pupil size time courses differed between detected and missed gaps, suggesting that the pupil response indicates upcoming behavior. Larger pre-gap pupil size was further associated with faster response times on a trial-by-trial within-participant level. Our results reiterate the utility of pupil size as an objective and temporally sensitive measure in audiology. However, such assessments of cognitive resource recruitment need to consider the individual’s motivational state.
The ribosome‐associated chaperone Zuo1 controls translation upon TORC1 inhibition
Authors: Black Ailsa , Williams Thomas D , Soubigou Flavie , Joshua Ifeoluwapo M , Zhou Houjiang , Lamoliatte Frederic , Rousseau Adrien 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProtein requirements of eukaryotic cells are ensured by proteostasis, which is mediated by tight control of TORC1 activity. Upon TORC1 inhibition, protein degradation is increased and protein synthesis is reduced through inhibition of translation initiation to maintain cell viability. Here, we show that the ribosome‐associated complex (RAC)/Ssb chaperone system, composed of the HSP70 chaperone Ssb and its HSP40 co‐chaperone Zuo1, is required to maintain proteostasis and cell viability under TORC1 inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In the absence of Zuo1, translation does not decrease in response to the loss of TORC1 activity. A functional interaction between Zuo1 and Ssb is required for proper translational control and proteostasis maintenance upon TORC1 inhibition. Furthermore, we have shown that the rapid degradation of eIF4G following TORC1 inhibition is mediated by autophagy and is prevented in zuo1Δ cells, contributing to decreased survival in these conditions. We found that autophagy is defective in zuo1Δ cells, which impedes eIF4G degradation upon TORC1 inhibition. Our findings identify an essential role for RAC/Ssb in regulating translation in response to changes in TORC1 signalling.
Molecular Profile of Cogongrass [Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch] in Java Island Based on trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) IGS Sequences
Authors: Dwiati Murni , Rahmah Salma Auliya , Susanto Agus Hery 
Published: November 2023

Cogongrass is one of the top ten problem-causing weeds in the world that is invasively spread over many tropical and subtropical regions, including Java Island, the Republic of Indonesia. The wide distribution is possibly related to their adaptability to almost all terrestrial habitats from various altitudes, which may lead to a high level of genetic variation. This study aimed to assess the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship of cogongrass in Java Island using an intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence in the cpDNA genome, i.e. trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA), as the molecular marker of high mutation rate. Plant samples were collected randomly from five different sites on the island. These were subjected to total genomic DNA extraction. The DNAs obtained were then used as PCR templates to amplify trnT(UGU)-trnL(UAA) IGS using a pair of universal primers. The PCR products were sequenced for genetic analysis. It was shown that an extremely high genetic variation with respect to the haplotype diversity of cogongrass in Java Island was observed. Nevertheless, a very low nucleotide diversity was obtained revealing a considerably close genetic relationship among the samples. Anatomical data regarding stomata number and length were found to correspond to the high level of genetic variation, but it was not the case with the stomata index.
ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI PESERTA DIDIK MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN TES DIAGNOSTIK FOUR TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE PADA MATERI HIDROLISIS GARAM
Authors: Hidayah Firdha Novria , Bakti Iriani , Iriani Rilia , Hamid Abdul 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi yang terjadi pada peserta didik dan penyebab terjadinya miskonsepsi dalam mempelajari materi hidrolisis garam di SMA Negeri 4 Banjarmasin tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode campuran bentuk strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial yang dilakukan dengan cara melakukan penelitian kuantitatif (instrumen tes diagnostik) terlebih dahulu lalu melakukan analisis, dan melengkapi hasilnya dengan analisis penelitian kualitatif (wawancara). Subyek penelitian ditentukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian deskriptif dengan persentase dan pengkriteriaan miskonsepsinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 34,92% peserta didik mengalami miskonsepsi. Peserta didik mengalami miskonsepsi pada sub-konsep: (1) pengertian hidrolisis garam sebesar 33,33% dengan kategori sedang, (2) sifat-sifat larutan garam yang mengalami hidrolisis sebesar 37,03% dengan kategori sedang, (3) jenis-jenis hidrolisis garam sebesar 24,44% dengan kategori rendah, (4) reaksi hidrolisis garam sebesar 32,40% dengan kategori sedang, (5) pH garam yang terhidrolisis memiliki miskonsepsi tertinggi sebesar 38,89% dengan kategori sedang. Penyebab terjadinya miskonsepsi berasal dari peserta didik itu sendiri yaitu intuisi yang salah, pemikiran asosiatif peserta didik, reasoning yang tidak lengkap, dan kemampuan peserta didik yang kurang.
Cost-Effective Evaluation of Geological Reserves using Optimal Logging Suite in Exploration Well Drilled through Multilayer Hydrocarbon-Bearing Clastic Formations in West Kazakhstan
Authors: Tasemenov E. T. , Saparova S. Z. , Blinov V. A. , Filimonov A. Y. , Dzhalatyan Y. E. , Shteynbrenner K. E. , Finko A. V. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern advanced logging suite and wireline formation tester (WFT) were used for prompt and cost-effective hydrocarbon reserves evaluation for well, drilled through multi-layer clastic formations on unexplored block of the oilfield in West Kazakhstan. Based on acquired comprehensive open-hole wireline logging data and data interpretation results, cased-hole well testing program was severely minimized.
Described in this work appraisal well was drilled thru 16 hydrocarbon-bearing clastic formations of Jurassic and Triassic age deposits. Employed logging suite included quad-combo and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool for accurate evaluation of required petrophysical properties. Quick-look log data interpretation allowed to derive formations properties and their saturation profiles, preliminary delineate several fluid contact levels, as well as prepare optimized formation testing program. WFT was used to measure formation pressure and fluid mobility, as well as to confirm or clarify formation saturation and fluid contacts, capture representative samples of reservoir oil and gas.
Current case study demonstrates cost-effective approach of obtaining all the required information for quick estimation of hydrocarbons geological reserves for multi-layer clastic formations. Although large number of reservoirs were confidently characterized, described in this work single well formations evaluation, and testing in open hole took less than two weeks.
After setting casing, five out of sixteen productive intervals were perforated and tested, whereafter well was turned into production. Since conventional cased hole testing was performed only for reservoirs, which were required prove of commercial flow, entire well reservoirs testing program was drastically reduced. Described study demonstrates modern and cost-effective way of comprehensive evaluation of hydrocarbon deposits for multi-layer clastic formations of fluvial origin.