bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcomes of drainless anatomical lung resection surgery for pulmonary malignancies
Authors: Kuo Ting-Fang , Lin Mong-Wei , Chen Ke-Cheng , Kuo Shuenn-Wen , Huang Pei-Ming , Lee Jang-Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Drainless minimally invasive anatomical lung resection surgery for pulmonary malignancies is safe and feasible in terms of early postoperative outcomes. However, the quality of surgery in the long term remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes, 3-year overall, and disease-free survival rates of patients who underwent minimally invasive anatomical lung resection surgery with the drainless technique for pulmonary malignancies.

Methods
Fifty-eight patients who underwent drainless minimally invasive anatomical lung resection surgery for pulmonary malignancies (36 -lobectomy; 22 -segmentectomy) between November 2017 and June 2022 by a single surgeon were enrolled. Patients’ characteristics and perioperative, early postoperative, and long-term data were collected. The lymph node dissection stations and number, resection margin, 3-year overall and disease-free survival rates were assessed.

Results
The median age was 64 years. Forty-four patients were females (76%) and forty-seven patients were non-smokers (81%). The median five-factor modified frailty index was 1. Most patients had primary lung cancer; four (7%), 43 (74%), seven (12%), and three (5%) had stage 0, I, II, and III, respectively. The median lymph node dissection stations was four, and the number was 17. The resection margin was free in 98% of the cases. The 3-year overall survival rate was 98.3% in all patients, and 97.2% and 100% in the lobectomy and segmentectomy subgroups, respectively. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 85.3% in all patients and 80.5% and 92.9% in the lobectomy and segmentectomy subgroups, respectively.

Conclusion
The drainless technique is safe and feasible for minimally invasive anatomical lung resection surgery for pulmonary malignancies in terms of early postoperative and long-term outcomes. However, further randomized controlled studies are warranted.
Cellular senescence induced by cholesterol accumulation is mediated by lysosomal ABCA1 in APOE4 and AD
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Li Boyang , Li Jie , Cai Zhiheng , Hugo Cristelle , Sun Yi , Qian Lu , TCW Julia , Chui Helena C. , Dikeman Dante , Asante Isaac , Louie Stan G. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Remaley Alan T. , Kerman Bilal E. , Yassine Hussein N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Cholesterol accumulation is known to drive cellular senescence; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis, and its expression and trafficking are altered in APOE4 and AD models. However, the role of ABCA1 trafficking in cellular senescence associated with APOE4 and AD remains unclear.

Methods
We examined the association between cellular senescence and ABCA1 expression in human postmortem brain samples using transcriptomic, histological, and biochemical analyses. Unbiased proteomic screening was performed to identify the proteins that mediate cellular ABCA1 trafficking. We created ABCA1 knock out cell lines and mouse models to validate the role of ABCA1 in cholesterol-induced mTORC1 activation and senescence. Additionally, we used APOE4-TR mice and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models to explore cholesterol-ABCA1-senescence pathways.

Results
Transcriptomic profiling of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from the Religious Order Study/Memory Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort revealed the upregulation of cellular senescence transcriptome signatures in AD, which correlated with ABCA1 expression and oxysterol levels. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses confirmed increased lipofuscin-stained lipids and ABCA1 expression in AD brains and an association with mTOR phosphorylation. Discovery proteomics identified caveolin-1, a sensor of cellular cholesterol accumulation, as a key promoter of ABCA1 endolysosomal trafficking. Greater caveolin-1 expression was observed in APOE4-TR mouse models and AD human brains. Oxysterol induced mTORC1 activation and senescence were regulated by ABCA1 lysosomal trapping. Treatment of APOE4-TR mice with cyclodextrin reduced brain oxysterol levels, ABCA1 lysosome trapping, mTORC1 activation, and attenuated senescence and neuroinflammation markers. In human iPSC-derived astrocytes, the reduction of cholesterol by cyclodextrin attenuated inflammatory responses.

Conclusions
Oxysterol accumulation in APOE4 and AD induced ABCA1 and caveolin-1 expression, contributing to lysosomal dysfunction and increased cellular senescence markers. This study provides novel insights into how cholesterol metabolism accelerates features of brain cellular senescence pathway and identifies therapeutic targets to mitigate these processes.
Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of oral anticoagulants in patients with oral anticoagulation-related critical bleeding: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Ovesen Christian , Purrucker Jan , Grundtvig Josefine , Mikkelsen Theis Bech , Gluud Christian , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Christensen Hanne , Steiner Thorsten 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Swift reversal of oral anticoagulation is deemed essential for the outcome of patients with anticoagulation-related critical bleeding. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the benefits and harms of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) in patients with oral anticoagulants-related critical bleeding.

Methods
For this systematic review CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, and clinical trial registries were systematically searched. Clinical study reports were also requested from competent authorities. Eligible for inclusion were randomised clinical trials comparing PCC versus no intervention, placebo, or other reversal interventions in participants with critical bleeding related to ongoing treatment with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) or direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC). Pre-specified primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, health-related quality of life, and serious adverse events for which meta-analyses, Trial Sequential Analysis, and GRADE assessments were conducted.

Results
Three trials, randomising a total of 291 participants, evaluated PCC against two different active comparators in participants with VKA-related critical bleeding, and two trials, randomising a total of 534 participants, evaluated PCC against two different active comparators in participants with factor Xa-related critical bleeding. Among participants with VKA-related critical bleeding, meta-analyses showed no evidence of a difference between PCC versus fresh frozen plasma (FFP) when assessing all-cause mortality (risk ratio [RR] 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 4.05; low certainty), health-related quality of life (mean difference 1.04; 95% CI − 0.94 to 3.02; very low certainty), and serious adverse events (RR 1.33; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.88; very low certainty), but information is currently sparse. Among participants with factor Xa-related critical bleeding, PCC could not be shown superior or inferior to other reversal strategies (FFP or andexanet alfa) on any patient-relevant outcome, but information is currently sparse.

Conclusion
Among participants with VKA or DOAC-related critical bleeding, evidence from randomised clinical trials is currently insufficient to establish if PCC is superior or inferior versus other interventions in decreasing the risk of undesirable patient-relevant outcomes or improving health-related quality of life.
Implementation of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound using a novel continuous feedback approach in a UK helicopter emergency medical service
Authors: Naeem Salman , Aziz Shadman , Hirst Thomas , Strobel Johannes , Mulvey Jamin M. , Lang Ailidh , Patel Jankee , Smith Alexander , Cheng Ka Jun , Palmer Michael , Schlautmann Jonas , Christian Michael D. , Nevin Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
There has been increased use of prehospital point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) by helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) in recent years. Lack of governance structure and evidence of benefit have been described as major barriers to its implementation. This paper describes a novel approach to implementation of prehospital PoCUS and clinical governance framework in a UK HEMS.

Methods
A retrospective database review was undertaken at London’s Air Ambulance (LAA) from 1st September 2021 to 31st March 2023. All patients who had PoCUS examination were included. Scans were archived in a cloud-based server and reviewed weekly by expert clinicians. They were graded in adequacy, agreement between reviewer and clinician was recorded and fed back to the clinicians allowing continuous feedback learning. In-hospital diagnosis was sought for patients having the full Pump, Pleura and Pouring blood (PPPB) protocol. Cohen’s Kappa (ƙ) was calculated for inter-rater reliability. Sensitivity and specificity analysis was performed using 2 × 2 tables.

Results
LAA attended 3,068 missions. Our reviewers identified 701 PoCUS scanning encounters and 628 were included in the final analysis. Clinicians performed 420 scans for pneumothorax, 308 for free fluid and 305 pericardial effusions respectively. Majority of the population were male (85%) who sustained traumatic (93.5%) thoracic injuries (65%). Paramedics performed 29% of the scans. Reviewers deemed 83% of the scans of adequate quality. Inter-rater reliability between clinicians and reviewers was 0.6 for pericardial effusion, 0.67 for pneumothorax and 0.71 for free fluid respectively. A full PPPB protocol was performed in 52 patients out of which 46 were included. The sensitivity and specificity of PPPB protocol for diagnosis life-threatening injuries was 0.5 and 0.9 respectively.

Conclusion
Introduction of prehospital PoCUS in a HEM service utilizing high quality training, user-friendly workflow and image archiving system, robust governance framework and continuous feedback may be feasible allowing high quality ultrasound examinations. The bespoke PPPB protocol in prehospital may improve diagnosis of life-threatening injuries.
“The NET effect”: Neutrophil extracellular traps—a potential key component of the dysregulated host immune response in sepsis
Authors: Retter Andrew , Singer Mervyn , Annane Djillali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as part of a healthy host immune response. NETs physically trap and kill pathogens as well as activating and facilitating crosstalk between immune cells and complement. Excessive or inadequately resolved NETs are implicated in the underlying pathophysiology of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases, including amplification of the inflammatory response and inducing thrombotic complications. Here, we review the growing evidence implicating neutrophils and NETs as central players in the dysregulated host immune response. We discuss potential strategies for modifying NETs to improve patient outcomes and the need for careful patient selection.
Enterococcus and Eggerthella species are enriched in the gut microbiomes of COVID-19 cases in Uganda
Authors: Agudelo Carolina , Kateete David Patrick , Nasinghe Emmanuel , Kamulegeya Rogers , Lubega Christopher , Mbabazi Monica , Baker Noah , Lin Kathryn Y. , Liu Chang C. , Kasambula Arthur Shem , Kigozi Edgar , Komakech Kevin , Mukisa John , Mulumba Kassim , Mwachan Patricia , Nakalanda Brenda Sharon , Nalubega Gloria Patricia , Nsubuga Julius , Sitenda Diana , Ssenfuka Henry , Cirolia Giana T. , Gustafson Jeshua T. , Wang Ruohong , Nsubuga Moses Luutu , Yiga Fahim , Stanley Sarah A. , Bagaya Bernard Ssentalo , Elliott Alison , Joloba Moses , Wolf Ashley R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Infection with the COVID-19-causing pathogen SARS-CoV-2 is associated with disruption in the human gut microbiome. The gut microbiome enables protection against diverse pathogens and exhibits dysbiosis during infectious and autoimmune disease. Studies based in the United States and China have found that severe COVID-19 cases have altered gut microbiome composition when compared to mild COVID-19 cases. We present the first study to investigate the gut microbiome composition of COVID-19 cases in a population from Sub-Saharan Africa. Given the impact of geography and cultural traditions on microbiome composition, it is important to investigate the microbiome globally and not draw broad conclusions from homogenous populations.

Results
We used stool samples in a Ugandan biobank collected from COVID-19 cases during 2020–2022. We profiled the gut microbiomes of 83 symptomatic individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 along with 43 household contacts who did not present any symptoms of COVID-19. The inclusion of healthy controls enables us to generate hypotheses about bacterial strains potentially related to susceptibility to COVID-19 disease, which is highly heterogeneous. Comparison of the COVID-19 patients and their household contacts revealed decreased alpha diversity and blooms of Enterococcus and Eggerthella in COVID-19 cases.

Conclusions
Our study finds that the microbiome of COVID-19 individuals is more likely to be disrupted, as indicated by decreased diversity and increased pathobiont levels. This is either a consequence of the disease or may indicate that certain microbiome states increase susceptibility to COVID-19 disease. Our findings enable comparison with cohorts previously published in the Global North, as well as support new hypotheses about the interaction between the gut microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A plant endophytic bacterium Burkholderia seminalis strain 869T2 increases plant growth under salt stress by affecting several phytohormone response pathways
Authors: Hwang Hau-Hsuan , Huang Yu-Ting , Chien Pei-Ru , Huang Fan-Chen , Wu Chih-Lin , Chen Liang-Yu , Hung Shih-Hsun Walter , Pan I-Chun , Huang Chieh-Chen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Due to global warming and gradual climate change, plants are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses, adversely affecting plant growth and production worldwide. Plants have developed various mechanisms to overpower these abiotic stresses, including salt stress, drought, and high light intensity. Apart from their own defense strategies, plants can get help from the beneficial endophytic bacteria inside host plants and assist them in enduring severe growth conditions. A previously isolated plant endophytic bacteria, Burkholderia seminalis 869T2, from vetiver grass can produce auxin, synthesize siderophore, and solubilize phosphate. The B. seminalis 869T2 can colonize inside host plants and increase the growth of bananas, Arabidopsis, and several leafy vegetables.

Results
We further demonstrated that different growth parameters of Arabidopsis and pak choi plants were significantly increased after inoculating the B. seminalis 869T2 under normal, salt, and drought stress conditions compared to the mock-inoculated plants. Both transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time PCR results showed that expression levels of genes related to phytohormone signal transduction pathways, including auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid were altered in Arabidopsis plants after inoculated with the strain 869T2 under salt stress, in comparison to the mock-inoculated control with salt treatments. Furthermore, the accumulation levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electrolyte leakage (EL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were lower in the 869T2-inoculated Arabidopsis and pak choi plants than in control plants under salt and drought stresses.

Conclusions
The plant endophytic bacterium strain B. seminalis 869T2 may affect various phytohormone responses and reduce oxidative stress damage to increase salt and drought stress tolerances of host plants.
The utility of Glaucoma Information Cards for grasping glaucoma subtypes: a single-center pilot study
Authors: Yamada Yukinori , Murase Tetsuya , Mashida Emiko , Kakeda Yuki , Shibata Yuuka , Matsuo Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
In Japan, anticholinergic drugs were contraindicated for glaucoma, regardless of subtype. The contraindication in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) led to excessive medication restrictions because anticholinergic drugs are associated with a low risk of acute glaucoma attacks in OAG. To eliminate this problem, the contraindications of anticholinergic drugs were reduced for types from all glaucoma to angle closure glaucoma (ACG) in 2019. This change requires differentiation of OAG from ACG for the proper use of drugs. The Japan Ophthalmologists Association created Glaucoma Information Cards to share glaucoma subtypes and restricted the medication list. However, only a few studies have investigated the efficacy of Glaucoma Information Cards. In this study, we evaluated the benefits of identifying glaucoma subtypes prior to admission by distributing Glaucoma Information Cards to patients through pharmacists.

Methods
Pharmacists distributed Glaucoma Information Cards to patients whose glaucoma subtype was unclear at the time of the preadmission pharmacist interview and asked them to have the treating ophthalmologist fill out the glaucoma subtype data. We collected patient data, hospitalized clinical department, status of realization of glaucoma subtypes, methods of realization of glaucoma subtypes, and usage of anticholinergic drugs from medical records.

Results
First, we investigated how hospital pharmacists identify the type of glaucoma. Pharmacists were able to determine the glaucoma type of most patients through medical records, patient interviews, and the Glaucoma Information Card. We analyzed the records of patients who were scheduled for ophthalmology visits prior to admission and had been given Glaucoma Information Cards. Eleven of the 13 patients brought the Glaucoma Information Card to the hospital, which was analyzed by an ophthalmologist. Two patients were administered anticholinergic drugs without restriction because of proven OAG according to the Glaucoma Information Card. One patient was administered cibenzoline for atrial fibrillation. Another patient received isosorbide dinitrate for coronary angiography. These cases indicate that the distribution of Glaucoma Information Cards can help avoid unnecessary medication restrictions in patients with OAG.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that the distribution of the Glaucoma Information Cards is useful for proper drug use in patients with glaucoma.
Recognition and Management of Ectopic ACTH Secreting Tumors
Authors: Elenius Henrik , Nieman Lynnette K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS), in which Cushing syndrome is caused by excessive ACTH secretion from a tumor located outside of the pituitary, is associated with an impaired quality of life and an increased mortality rate. Outcomes can be improved with successful tumor localization and resection, which often proves difficult. In order to distinguish EAS from Cushing disease, a significantly more common condition where excessive ACTH is secreted from a pituitary tumor, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is often necessary. Correct performance and interpretation of IPSS hence becomes crucial to avoid inappropriate future interventions, including surgical procedures. Once an ectopic source of ACTH is confirmed biochemically, identifying the causative tumor is often challenging since they can be located in unexpected areas and potentially be very small. Additionally, EAS carries a risk of severe hypercortisolism, which sometimes needs urgent treatment to avoid disastrous outcomes. The cases here illustrate pitfalls in diagnostic biochemical testing, describe helpful imaging strategies to improve the chances of tumor detection, and review available options to rapidly normalize severe hypercortisolism in critical situations.
Make It or Break It? Pregnancy Scares and Romantic Relationship Dissolution
Authors: Newmyer Lauren , Yabiku Scott T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Young adult romantic relationships have undergone significant changes in recent decades, resulting in such distinct demographic trends as rising rates of relationship dissolution. Union dissolution during young adulthood can influence future relationship stability, financial well-being, and health. Reproductive experiences are an important factor that can shape relationship stability. Much of past research, however, has focused on the impact of childbearing on relationship stability while less attention has been paid to other reproductive experiences that could also shape relationship stability, such as pregnancy scares. A pregnancy scare is when a woman suspects she has an undesired pregnancy but later discovers she is not pregnant. This experience might increase or decrease relationship stability. Drawing on data collected from young women in the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life study, this analysis examines the association between pregnancy scares and union dissolution. Results suggest that pregnancy scares are negatively associated with union dissolution, and this relationship persists over time; however, this association varies by relationship type, with serious dating relationships experiencing the most protective benefits.
The management of bacterial conjunctivitis
Authors: Kiełczewska Anna , Kiełczewska Aleksandra , Szcześniak Grzegorz 
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Purpose: Bacterial conjunctivitis, a common eye disease characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, poses a major challenge in clinical practice due to its prevalence, diverse etiology and the need for effective pharmacological treatment. The conjunctiva is constantly exposed to the adverse effects of various external and internal factors. This review is devoted to the pharmacological treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, with a focus on the most common causative agents.
Materials and Methods: A comprehensive survey of articles published in scientific journals was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar online research platforms. Articles were searched by entering keywords in the appropriate configuration: “bacterial conjunctivitis,” ‘pharmacotherapy,’ ‘bacterial,’ and ”antibiotics.”
Description of current knowledge: Emerging research has shown that the choice of antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis depends primarily on the etiology and severity of the infection.
Summary: Antibiotic therapy is an effective tool in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, but its use requires consideration of etiology, severity of infection and potential risk of resistance. Collaboration between ophthalmologists and microbiologists is necessary for the optimal management of this condition. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is a prevalent eye condition that requires prompt and appropriate pharmacological management.