bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Behavior
Authors: Pearson David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are at least 17 distinctive habitats into which we can place almost all tiger beetle species from the United States and Canada, such as sand dune, ocean beach, or hardwood forest floor. Most tiger beetles are limited to a single habitat type, and only a few species, such as the Oblique-lined Tiger Beetle, occur in as many as six of the habitat categories. Larvae tend to be even more restricted to habitat type than do adults. For both adults and larvae, however, each habitat type is made up of numerous components. These include physical, chemical, and climatic qualities such as soil composition, moisture, temperature, and chemistry, vegetation cover, seasonality, and food supply. In addition, other habitat characteristics are important for providing mating and oviposition sites and hiding places from parasites and predators. The ensemble of special adaptations that each species exhibits then allows or restricts it to a unique range and type of habitats.
Conservation
Authors: Pearson David L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The characteristics of tiger beetles that have generated interest among amateur and professional biologists have also contributed to the increasing role of tiger beetles in conservation studies. Most important among these characteristics are the ease with which many species can be found and identified in the field, their habitat specificity, and their value as indicators of undisturbed or natural habitats and of biodiversity. Also, because they have been well-collected and studied, their past and present distribution is known sufficiently to evaluate historical trends of decline in range or abundance.
Patricia Hearst: Uncommon Victim or Common Criminal?
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On February 4, 1974, a nineteen-year-old Berkeley sophomore was kidnapped at gunpoint from the off-campus home she shared with her fiancé, a graduate student. That evening around nine o’clock, three armed individuals (two men and a woman) shoved their way into the couple’s apartment and dragged the young woman, clothed in only a bathrobe, into a nearby car and drove away.
Prosenjit Poddar and Tatiana Tarasoff: Where the Public Peril Begins
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When people go to see a mental health professional for help with personal problems, they expect that whatever is said during the course of private conversations with a therapist will remain confidential. Privacy and confidentiality are among the most important ethical principles of professional therapists. Of course the reason is that if people are sure that what they say in therapy will be confidential, they will be more open and the therapist can be more helpful.
Gary and Holly Ramona Recovered Memories or False Allegations?
Authors: Ewing Charles Patrick , McCann Joseph T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By 1988, forty-four-year-old Gary Ramona found himself in a life situation most people could only envy. After two decades of hard work, he had moved up the corporate ladder to become a top executive at one of America’s leading wineries and was earning nearly half a million dollars a year. He was married to a glamorous woman, had three bright and attractive teenage daughters, and lived in a luxurious home in California’s exclusive Napa Valley.
A Tribunal Organized to Convict and Execute?
Authors: Haney Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last several chapters have been devoted to the notion that citizens’ beliefs about crime and punishment and their support for the death penalty are influenced in some significant ways by forces in the society at large. Among other things, highly politicized messages about crime and punishment; sensationalized media coverage of crime-related issues; and narrow, one-sided reporting about actual capital cases appear to have a real effect on the general public. These messages and images have an impact on the audiences exposed to them in ways that seem likely to influence the decisions that its members make as citizens, voters, and jurors. Exposure to partial and sometimes misleading information also may help to explain why the public’s confusion about capital punishment is persistent and widespread. This confusion, as I showed in the last chapter, appears to be at the root of much death penalty support.
Preparing for the Death Penalty in Advance of Trial
Authors: Haney Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Attorneys and legal scholars often comment that trials—especially criminal trials—are won and lost at the jury selection stage of the case. Public sentiments run strong on many of the issues that frame the context in which decisions about crime and punishment are made in court and, depending on the views and sentiments that are represented on the jury, one or another outcome may be much more likely (if not actually foreordained). In most kinds of cases this dictum about winning and losing in jury selection is a cautionary tale about the importance of taking the process of picking a jury seriously. Attorneys who are careless or indulge their unverified theories about “ideal” jurors are likely to be disappointed when the jury’s verdict finally is returned. However, in capital cases, the winning and losing of the trial at this early stage may come about in another way. Here there are structural issues that are brought to bear on the jury selection process that appear to change the odds in these cases in ways that distinguish them from other criminal trials.
No Longer Tinkering With the Machinery of Death
Authors: Haney Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historian Stuart Banner has observed that there has always been “a tension between the general and the particular, between the approval of death as a punishment and a strong reluctance to carry out the distasteful steps necessary to put that punishment into practice.”1 He suggested that this tension led, among other things, to the abolition of public executions. In this book I have suggested that the tension persists and is managed—although not entirely resolved—through the various social psychological mechanisms and legal procedures discussed in the preceding chapters.
One-Way ANOVA
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One-way ANOVA deals with the results of a straightforward experimental manipulation. There are several (two or more) groups of scores, with each group having been subjected to a different experimental treatment. The term one-way derives from the fact that the treatment for each group differs systematically from that for other groups in only one respect: that is, there is one independent variable. Within each group, the treatment should be identical for all members. Each score comes from a separate individual, or, stated otherwise, each individual contributes only one score. The traditional name for an individual furnishing a score is subject. In recent years, the more egalitarian term participant has come to be favored. The modern term connotes a voluntary contribution to the research, a partnership between investigator and investigatee. volunteer is another label used for this usually anonymous member of the research team. All of these terms will be employed in the text.
Multifactor Designs
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most attractive aspects of ANOVA is the fact that additional complexity does not necessarily mean new concepts must be learned. Three-way ANOVA simply calls for repeated applications of the computing rules used in two-way ANOVA. And four-way ANOVA is just repeated three-way ANOVA. This simplicity is fortunate, for it is the analytical power of multifactor designs that makes ANOVA so valuable to the researcher. A careful investigator often wants to maintain experimental control over minor as well as major variables in the situation. For example, a complex study may call for several experimenters in order to get all of the subjects run quickly. These experimenters will inevitably be different in unknown, seemingly trivial ways no matter how well they are trained. By making experimenters a factor in the design, the researcher can pull out these differences in the form of a sum of squares for experimenters. Without such control, the interexperimenter differences would be lumped into the error sum of squares, thus weakening the power of the design to detect true differences brought about by the treatments.
Specific Comparisons
Authors: Weiss David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sometimes a researcher is interested in more specific information than whether all of the groups under study have the same mean. Of concern might be whether the mean of group 2 differs from the mean of group 5 or whether the average of groups 1 and 3 is equal to the average of groups 2 and 4. Specialized, single degree of freedom ANOVA tests known as specific comparisons are used to answer such questions. Specific comparisons are planned by the researcher as either part or all of the data analysis. In general, planned comparisons should be viewed as an alternative to ordinary ANOVA rather than as a supplement. The choice of which comparisons to make must be made prior to inspection of the data because it is all too easy to convince oneself that the differences one sees are the differences one expected. The customary statistical inferences lose their validity when not based upon prior hypotheses. A post-hoc comparison option, discussed later in this chapter, is appropriate for confirming the significance of differences that came as a surprise.
Grief
Authors: Weissman Myrna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All of us at some point experience the death of a beloved person. Many of the symptoms that occur around this time are similar to those of depression but the conditions are not the same. In a normal grief reaction, the person feels sad, may have trouble sleeping and may have difficulty carrying out their usual tasks. These symptoms resolve in a few months, as there is a gradual weaning from the remembered experiences of the loved one. The availability of family and close friends can be extremely helpful during this period. This period of grief or mourning is a normal and useful adaptation to the loss of a loved one and should not be discouraged.
Termination
Authors: Weissman Myrna M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IPT is a time-limited and not an open-ended treatment. At the beginning of treatment you will have an explicit contract as to the frequency and length of the treatment. Your therapist will discuss length of treatment in the first few sessions. Several sessions before the end of this stated time, your therapist will again have an open discussion about the end of the treatment and a review of what has and has not been accomplished. You will be encouraged to discuss your feelings about ending. If the relationship with the therapist has been useful and meaningful, you should anticipate feeling sad and even angry about the ending.
The Impermanence of Paradigms
Authors: Menon Rajan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The United States is moving toward a slow, little-noticed, but farreaching change in the way it engages the world. This reorientation will shred many of the assumptions, theories, institutions, and prescriptions that now seem so rock solid, precisely because they have proved so enduring and reliable in the past. Together, these conceptions and structures served, to use a term that Thomas Kuhn has made commonplace by now, as a paradigm, a framework within which it was possible for Americans to think about and act in the world—and effectively so.1 Yet paradigms become limiting with time, out of kilter with a reality that changes relentlessly and strains their confining categories. Eventually, the march of time creates new circumstances for which they are illsuited and inevitably they are superseded by new paradigms.
Whither the Atlantic Alliance?
Authors: Menon Rajan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The march of the Industrial Revolution was both good and bad for the United States. On the one hand, by diffusing technology and capital, it helped transform the United States into a major economic power—one that by the turn of the twentieth century was eclipsing Britain, paving the way for Pax Britannica to be supplanted by Pax Americana. Yet by generating weapons and modes of transportation that extended the reach and lethality of threats and eroded the effectiveness of oceanic barriers, it linked the security of the United States to that of faraway places to an unprecedented degree; this was particularly true of Europe, from whose seemingly incessant wars geography had shielded the United States.
Culture-Specific Diagnoses and Their Relationship to Mood Disorders
Authors: Guarnaccia Peter , Pincay Igda Martinez 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between culture-specific diagnoses and mood disorders. How researchers and clinicians refer to cultural syndromes related to mood disorders is a contentious issue. We open our chapter with a brief discussion of the history and controversies (as the quote from Hughes [1985] that opens this chapter indicates) surrounding these labels. We then discuss the relationship between a well-documented range of cultural categories of distress and mood disorders. A key point that we want to make early and often is that there is no one-to-one relationship between these cultural categories and psychiatric disorders as codified in either the American (DSM-IV [American Psychiatric Association, 1994]) or international (ICD-10 [World Health Organization, 1992]) diagnostic systems.
Health Care Seeking and Access
Authors: Willis Earnestine , Allen Sheryl E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For centuries in the United States, mental health treatment and access to services have been influenced by an array of factors that includes ideologies of mental health reforms, reimbursement for mental health services, scientific advancements in treatment and technology, institutional response shifts, and the development of mental health professionals. This chapter focuses on mental health services, which are plagued with disparities in the availability of and access to effective services, according to Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, 1999). To reduce the burden of mental illness in our nation, it is imperative that we expand our knowledge and research about effective mental health services by examining health care-seeking preferences and utilization patterns, specifically for the common presenting conditions of mood disorders. As mental health services are designed and implemented, we must take into account existing challenges that patients face in the utilization of our mental health system, such as barriers and cultural factors in patients’ selection processes.
Factoring Culture in to Outcomes Measurement in Mental Health
Authors: Mendenhall Matt 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of outcomes measurement in the mental health field should be based on an analysis of at least four different points of view, including those of consumers,1 practitioners, researchers, and funding/ policy bodies. An initial premise for the current discussion is that stakeholder perspectives emerge from each group’s distinct relationship to outcomes measurement as a socially situated process. Additionally, an analysis of differences among stakeholder perspectives on outcomes reveals important implications for mental health service delivery systems and for consumer empowerment. Finally, although outcomes measurement operates broadly in mental health services, this discussion will apply the subject specifically to mood disorders treatment.
The Cold Peace
Authors: Lind Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Someone Who Fell into a Coma in 1989, shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and then awakened two decades later would be astonished at how little the strategic map of the world had changed. To be sure, there were more than a dozen new countries, most of them formed from the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. The Warsaw Pact had vanished, and NATO extended to the borders of a shrunken post-Soviet Russia. But NATO was still commanded by an American. In Europe, Britain and France still had their own nuclear deterrents, but a reunited Germany did not.
Panitz v. Behrend
Authors: Kadane Joseph B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Elaine B. Panitz, a medical doctor who regularly offers her services as an expert medical witness, was hired by Kenneth W. Behrend, Barbara Behrend Ernsberger and the law firm of Behrend and Ernsberger to give testimony on behalf of clients whom the law firm represented in a personal injury action. When an unfavorable verdict was returned, the lawyers refused to pay the expert witness the balance of the moneys which they allegedly had agreed to pay. Panitz sued to recover these moneys. The law firm thereupon ;led an answer to the complaint which contained a counterclaim for damages resulting from the unfavorable verdict.
Driving While Black
Authors: Kadane Joseph B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
These are consolidated motions to suppress under the equal protection and due process clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment. Seventeen defendants of African ancestry claim that their arrests on the New Jersey Turnpike south of exit 3 between 1988 and 1991 result from discriminatory enforcement of the traffic laws by the New Jersey State Police. After a lengthy hearing, I find defendants have established a prima facie case of selective enforcement which the State has failed to rebut requiring suppression of all contraband and evidence seized.
The Primary Function of Consciousness: Why Skeletal Muscles Are “Voluntary” Muscles
Authors: Morsella Ezequiel , Krieger Stephen C , Bargh John A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although there is usually a sharp, intuitively obvious distinction between unconscious action and actions that are consciously intended, drawing a principled distinction between the two kinds of processes is less than straightforward. On close examination, unconscious processes prove to be no less complex, flexible, deliberative, controlling, or action-like than their conscious counterparts (see review in Bargh & Morsella, 2008). For example, as repeatedly illustrated in the chapters in this book, action plans can be activated, selected, and, in some cases, expressed without conscious mediation.
Introduction
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book presents an investigation of the cultural shaping of self or identity. Unlike most psychological and anthropological studies of culture and self, it directly studies individuals by using “study of lives”-style interviews with young adults living in villages and small towns in southern Morocco. It analyzes the life narratives of two men and two women and builds a theory of culture and identity that differs from prevailing psychological and anthropological models in important respects. In contrast to modernist theories of identity as unified, the life narratives show individuals to articulate a small set of identities, among which they shift. But in contrast to postmodernist theories that claim people have a kaleidoscopic multiplicity of fluid selves, the narratives show a small set of identities, integrated by repeated use of culturally specific self-symbols, metaphors, and story plots. Perhaps most important, the life narratives show these young Moroccans’ self-representations to be pervasively shaped by the volatile cultural struggle between Western-style “modernity” and authentic Muslim “tradition.”
Mohammed
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
met Mohammed soon after I began working in a hamlet of Skoura called Oulad Yacoub, a couple of kilometers west of the village Centre. On the afternoon I came to tape the life story of a blind, aging storyteller named Si Abdullah, Mohammed was one of a half-dozen neighbors who showed up to listen. He worked as the accountant for Skoura’s main agricultural cooperative and was the youngest, brightest, and most articulate of the visitors. He also was a forceful “personality” to be reckoned with and interrogated me in a way that was at once suspicious, challenging, curious, and welcoming. I felt that my ability to work in the hamlet depended on building rapport with him, so I offered to come back and talk with him about my research.
Rachida
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One afternoon in an Agdez café, I asked Hussein and a friend of his whether they thought I might be able to interview some women for my study. The friend mentioned his cousin Rachida, who he said was mohafida (conservative) and mutadiyina (devoutly religious) but also a primary school teacher and interested in child development. He offered to talk with her about my project, and when she expressed interest, he set up a meeting at her family’s home.
Number Theory
Authors: Johnston William , McAllister Alex M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we continue a study of numbers in all their grandness and diversity. As we have seen, there are many important and distinct number systems, including the natural numbers, the integers, the rationals, the reals, and the complex numbers. We consider each of these number systems from both a computational and a theoretical point of view, developing insights that provide a competent understanding of each one.
We begin with a special type of integer known as a prime number. Prime numbers can be thought of as the basic building blocks in the multiplicative structure of the integers. Many of the world’s greatest mathematicians have devoted significant effort to exploring and understanding primes, including Euclid, Pierre de Fermat, Leonhard Euler, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Peter Lejeune Dirichlet, and Georg Bernhard Riemann. Through these collective efforts, mathematicians have developed a sound understanding of both the prime numbers and the integers. At the same time, many questions about these integers remain open (or unsolved); we introduce some of these intriguing questions that continue to inspire and challenge mathematicians.
Robert Rubin: Embedded in an Uncertain World
Authors: Hammond Kenneth R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Robert Rubin is a highly respected former secretary of the treasury, director of the White House National Economic Council, and, at the time of writing, a director of Citigroup, one of the nation’s largest financial institutions. He was also an advisor to President Bill Clinton during one of the nation’s most prosperous periods. So, when he writes about “probabilistic thinking,” we should see what he has to say, for he certainly had plenty of experience battling uncertainty under the most pressing circumstances. But when we do see what he has to say, we find that he literally does not know what he is talking about. (Given his status in the financial and political world, however, my conclusion is hardly likely to send him into a depression.)
The Early Days of Using
Authors: Keegan Kyle , Moss Howard B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It may or may not surprise you to learn that I can’t say exactly why I started using drugs in the first place. I don’t have a simple explanation, nor any that will completely satisfy you— or, for that matter, satisfy even me. I can only say that I had certain uncomfortable and unpleasant emotional feelings during my childhood and adolescence, and I found that using various substances helped me feel better. This was obviously a poor solution to my troubles, and caused me and my family problems that were infinitely more serious. I simply lacked the insight and maturity to see that back then.