bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State-of-art approach for Indian Language based on NER: Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pandey Priya , Nathani Bharti 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a fundamental task of natural language processing (NLP) that focuses on the identification and classification of named entities such as name of individual persons, location, organization and dates within the text. NER plays a pivotal role in various NLP applications, including information extraction, question answering, text summarization and sentiment analysis. Natural language processing's (NLPs) fundamental issue is named entity recognition (NER). While extensive research has been conducted on NER for English and Hindi, the complexities of Indian languages present unique challenges that require customized solutions. Working with NER for Indian languages is a difficult endeavor with limited resources available. This article provides a comprehensive review of NER approaches tailored for Indian languages. Indian languages pose unique challenges to NER due to their rich morphological and syntactic variations, script diversity and limited annotated data availability. This paper reviews the various techniques and methodologies employed in NER for Indian languages, including rule-based, machine learning and deep learning approaches. It analyzes the strengths and limitations of each approach. Additionally, this article examines the recent advancements in transfer learning and multilingual models, showcasing their potential in improving NER performance across Indian languages. This paper aims to guide researchers and practitioners in the development of NER systems for Indian languages and foster further advancements in this field. This article also provides a comprehensive review of the diverse approaches employed for NER in Indian languages, highlighting the strength and limitations as well.
How well can young adults and children discriminate between odors?
Authors: Cameron E. Leslie , Follett Sierra R. , Schwer Autumn S. Rajcevich 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

It is widely believed that people can distinguish between many odors although there is limited empirical evidence. Odor discrimination tasks are employed much less often than other measures of olfaction, but, interestingly, performance is typically ~ 75% correct. This less-than-perfect performance is rarely highlighted, although it suggests that people may not be as good at discriminating odors as is commonly believed. Odor discrimination is understudied in children, and although available evidence suggests that it improves with age, children perform better when the task is simpler. In the present study we explored odor discrimination in children and young adults with a relatively simple same-different task using common and uncommon odors. We found that children perform as well as adults, but that overall performance was less than perfect and depended on the odors to be discriminated. We found evidence that ability to discriminate between odors improves as the difference in pleasantness of the odors increases. In a second experiment, we tested this directly by exploring whether odors that differ in pleasantness and edibility, two dimensions that appear to be important in olfactory perception, are easier to discriminate than odors that are the same on those dimensions. We found further evidence that odors that differ in pleasantness are easier to discriminate.
Epidemiology and Patient Characteristics of Chronic Kidney Disease in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kashgary Abdullah , Hassanein Doha Elsayed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
CKD is a global public health issue with rising mortality rates over the past two decades. In Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA), CKD is a substantial concern, however, data is scarce about CKD characteristics. The primary aim is to estimate CKD prevalence, characteristics and risk factors.
Methods:
This is a retrospective study using data from (Al Borg) a major laboratory provider between April 2014 and May 2023. The study included adult patients in KSA with at least two serum creatinine results over 6 months. Patients on renal replacement therapy and those with acute kidney injury were excluded. Data collected and analyzed included available patient demographics and medical characteristics. CKD-EPI equation 2021 was used to calculate eGFR.
Results:
The data set included 112,204 participants with a mean age of 44 years. Participants represented nearly all major cities in KSA with CKD prevalence ranging from 3-5%. CKD-group were older with males representing 53%.
Patients with CKD have higher serum uric acid, PTH, phosphorus, potassium, HBA1C, triglycerides, and lower cholesterol, hemoglobin, platelets, and phosphorus levels. The LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was not different compared to non-CKD. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among study participants (60%) with a lower prevalence among patients with CKD.
Higher age, serum uric acid, and presence of proteinuria were the most significant predictors of the presence of CKD. Absence of proteinuria is associated with a tenfold reduction in the odds of having CKD (AOR 0.10 (95% CI (0.04-0.21).
Conclusion:
This study revealed a CKD prevalence of 4% with slight gender and geographic variation. Patients with CKD were older and exhibited distinct laboratory characteristics. Absence of proteinuria was associated with a tenfold reduction in the odds of having CKD, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention.
Association of sleep duration with different degrees of myopia in Chinese students: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yin Lei , Liu Pengling , Li Shiming , Wei Shifei , Sun Jinyan , Ren Fangfang , Song Yanwei , Xie Hongli , Guo Jinyun 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: At present, there are many studies on the relationship between sleep duration and myopia, but the results are not consistent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between sleep duration and the degree of myopia among Chinese primary students in grade 1 to grade 5.
Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional study. From March to June2023, a total of 30653 students in grade 1 to grade 5 from 18 primary schools in Zhengzhou completed the questionnaire survey. The refractive error is divided into four grades: No-myopia (spherical equivalents (SE)＞-0.50 dioptres (D)), mild myopia (-3.00D＜SE≤-0.50D), moderate myopia (-6.00D＜SE≤-3.00D) and high myopia (≤-6.00D). Nighttime sleep duration was divided into two categories (＜8 h/d, ≥8 h/d). To evaluate the effect of sleep duration on myopia severity, stratified analyses were performed by sex and grades, with sleep duration ≥8 h/d as the reference for each stratum, and using ordinal logistic regression.
Results: There are differences in age, gender, class, and sleep duration among primary school students with different degrees of myopia (all P＜0.001). Among boys, the risk of one degree increase in myopia with sleep duration＜8h/d is 12.291 (95%CI:11.280, 13.393) times higher than that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. Among girls, the risk of one degree increase in myopia with sleep duration＜8h/d is 12.709 (95%CI:11.611, 13.912) times higher than that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In different grades, in grade 1, the risk of myopia increased by one grade with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 5.197 (95%CI:4.520, 5.975) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 2, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 8.783 (95%CI:7.642, 10.094) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 3, the risk of myopia with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 11.834 (95%CI:10.278, 13.625) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 4, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 13.567 (95%CI:11.793, 15.608) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d. In grade 5, the risk of myopia grade one increased with sleep duration ＜8h/d was 16.280 (95%CI:13.981, 18.957) times that with sleep duration ≥8h/d.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that sleep duration has a significant impact on the degree of myopia in Chinese primary school students. Students with sleep duration ＜8h/d had a faster decline in SE than those with sleep duration ≥8h/d, and the risk of high myopia was higher.
Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Homogeneous Ignition Point and Volatile Components of Bituminous Coal
Authors: LI Yulong , LIANG Jie , SU Xuechao , WANG Chaosheng , WU Wenjuan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of oxygen concentration on the ignition of bituminous coal. Different oxygen concentrations and temperatures were used in the large-scale oxidation experiments to collect oxidized coals, which were then extracted with chloroform. And compare the critical ignition temperature of different mass samples. The liquid samples obtained were analyzed using GC-MS and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used to characterize the extracted oxidized coal. The results revealed that the critical ignition point of bituminous coal decreases by 216.38℃ when the mass sample increases from 5g to 300g. Furthermore, at the same temperature, an increase in oxygen concentration in the atmosphere was found to enhance the pyrolysis of bituminous coal. The oxidation activity of coal initially decreased and then increased with the temperature rise. The formation of ether bonds below 150℃ underwent oxidation and became exothermic above 175℃, which is the direct cause of coal seam fires.
Design and synthesis of N-aryl-2-trifluoromethyl-quinazoline-4-amine derivatives as potential Werner-dependent anticancer agents
Authors: Li Huimin , Yu Jia , Yu Gang , Cheng Sha , Wu Hui , Wei Jiaomei , Xu Guangcan , You Chang , Liu Kun , Wang Menghan , Meng Xueling , Luo Heng , Xu Bixue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To discover new Werner (WRN) helicase inhibitors, a series of N-aryl-2-trifluoromethyl-quinazoline-4-amine derivatives were designed and synthesized through structural optimization strategy and the anticancer activities of 25 new target compounds against PC3, K562, and HeLa cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Some of it exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against three different cancer cells. In order to further verify whether the anticancer activity of these compounds is dependent on WRN, the PC3 cells with WRN overexpression (PC3-WRN) were constructed to further study their anticancer potence in vitro, the inhibition ratio and IC20 values showed that compounds 6a, 8i, and 13a were more sensitive to PC3-WRN than the control group cells (PC3-NC). The further study demonstrated that 13a was the most sensitivity in PC3-WRN among these tested compounds. In summary, our research provided a series of N-aryl-2-trifluoromethyl-quinazoline-4-amine derivatives as potential WRN-dependent anticancer agents.
Nonequal-length quantum image encryption based on bitplane chaotic mapping and the Arnold transformation
Authors: Zhang Ru-Qing , Zhou Ri-Gui , Luo Jia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on encryption algorithms based on square images. However, relatively few studies have evaluated nonsquare images. In this paper, we propose a novel encryption algorithm for nonequal length images. This algorithm incorporates bitplane chaotic mapping and Arnold transformation. To implement the algorithm effectively, we first transform the plain image into two binary sequences of equal size. Then, we introduce a new diffusion strategy to mutually diffuse these two sequences. Next, we utilize a chaotic map to control the swapping of binary elements between the two sequences. This process allows for the permutation of bits from one bitplane to any other bitplane. Finally, we employ the Arnold transform to scramble the positional information of the image, resulting in the final encrypted image. Using the parameters of nonequal Arnold transformation and the initial value of the Lorenz chaotic map as keys not only simplify the transmission of keys, but also makes the cryptosystem have infinite key space for resisting brute force attacks. Experimental results and security analysis verify that the proposed quantum image encryption algorithm can encrypt nonsquare images, and has good performance in terms of nonstatistical properties, key sensitivity, robustness and so on. Moreover, simulation experiments based on Qiskit successfully verify the correctness and feasibility of the quantum image encryption algorithm.
The Pandemic Impacts on Surgery Residents Undergoing Plastic Surgery Rotation During the High and Low Waves of COVID-19 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wahdini Siti Isya , Seswandhana M. Rosadi , Dachlan Ishandono , Vityadewi Nurardhilah , Ramli Rianto Noviady , Witono Monica Agnes , Prawoto Almas Nur 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Activity restrictions in the pandemic era have led to drastic changes in the resident learning process during plastic surgery rotations, especially due to fluctuating COVID-19 incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery residents during plastic surgery rotation from residents' perspectives in Yogyakarta and to compare the different responses of residents who rotated during high- and low-wave cases.
Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of all surgery residents at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta who underwent plastic surgery rotation from March 2020 until March 2022. A questionnaire consisting of 29 questions was distributed online using Google Forms. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, surgical activity, academic activity, learning adaptation and suggestions for improving clinical skills during rotation. We classified participants into two groups: the high wave (HW) group and the low wave (LW) group. The statistical methods used descriptive analysis and Fisher’s exact test to measure the effects of the size.
Results: A total of 43% of the registered residents responded to this questionnaire. Most residents (80%) experienced a 25-75% reduction in the number of plastic surgeries performed during their rotation. All the residents handled burn and wound cases, but the rarest cases handled by residents during rotation involved external genitalia (15%). Most residents agreed to experience a decrease in clinical competence but had more time to deepen the theoretical aspects of plastic surgery in their rotation (51% and 44%, respectively). There has been a great shift in learning resources toward online resources in both groups. Both groups prefer case-based learning to optimize online learning.
The HW group experienced significant difficulty in gaining competence due to resident restrictions in the outpatient polyclinic compared to the LW group (p<0,05). There was a significant difference in the least interesting topic to learn before the pandemic between the two groups (p<0,05).
Conclusion: Although the overall pandemic prevented residents from gaining clinical competence, interestingly, they had more time to explore the theoretical aspects of the disease. Technology has helped bridge learning due to restrictions from the pandemic, although there is room for improvement in the learning environment.
Interaction Effect of Different Sized Root Trainers, Growing Media and Pre-sowing Seed Treatments on Growth &amp; Development of Myrica Esculenta Buch. Ham. Seedlings Under Nursery Condition
Authors: Das Jyotiraditya , Prabhakar Mukesh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Myrica esculenta Buch. -Ham. ex D. Don is a multipurpose, economically important plant belongs to family Myricaceae, well recognized for its medicinally therapeutic utilization in ancient Ayurveda and Unani system of medicine. Horticulturally, Fruits are edible and rich source of vitamin C & antioxidants. This is a slow-growing species and becoming endangered in The Himalayan region due to loss of natural habitat and anthropogenic activities. The hard seed coat creating the physical dormancy along with slow root growth in traditional polybag under nursery condition are the major concern in the growth and development of seedlings of this species. The combined performance of pre-sowing seed treatments, growing media and root trainers of different size in the production of seedlings of Myrica esculenta by soaking the seeds in beejamrita for varying periods (2 and 3 weeks) followed by sowing in different sized root trainers containing different media, have a profound effect on growth, biomass and quality parameters of the seedlings. The best result in germination and growth was recorded in seeds treated with beejamrita solution for 3 weeks and subsequently sown in root trainer of 250 cc containing growing media consisting soil + sand + vermicompost in ratio 1:1:1. Among various treatment combinations, seedlings raised under above treatment combination resulted maximum value for every growth parameter including shoot length (9.92 cm), collar diameter (1.56 mm), number of leaves (15), leaf area (9.70 cm2), root length (20.38 cm), number of secondary roots (20) and root thickness (2.07). All the seedling biomass parameters and quality parameters were recorded highest in the same treatment combination only. The results indicated that seedlings raised in the above-mentioned treatment combination was outperformed the best for production of quality seedlings of Myrica esculenta under nursery condition.
Stirring the Hydrogen and Butanol production from Enset Fiber via Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) process
Authors: Seid Nebyat , Wießner Lea , Aliyu Habibu , Neumann Anke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Replacing fossil fuels with biofuels such as hydrogen and butanol has the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve the sustainability of the energy system. Enset fiber is a promising feedstock to produce these biofuels. Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum DSM 14923 can produce hydrogen and butanol simultaneously; however, to achieve the best results, each product requires different fermentation conditions. This study aimed to optimize process parameters for the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process to produce hydrogen and butanol from Enset fiber, and to investigate the impact of pH control in the SSF process in the bioreactor.
Results
The SSF process in bottles resulted in a elevated butanol concentration of 11.36 g/L with a yield of 0.23 g/g and a productivity of 0.16 g/L− 1h− 1 at the optimal process parameters of 5% (w/v) substrate loading, 16 FPU/g cellulase loading, and 100 rpm agitation speed from pretreated Enset fiber. A comparable result was observed in the bioreactor during the pH-uncontrolled SSF process; however, the butanol productivity decreased to 0.095 g/L− 1h− 1. Furthermore, the pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) process in the bioreactor with a 7% (w/v) substrate loading led to the highest butanol concentration and productivity of 12.84 g/L and 0.104 g/L− 1h− 1 respectively. By further optimizing the SSF process, we achieved 442.57 mmol of hydrogen with a yield of 198.27 mL/g-Enset fiber in the bioreactor under the optimal conditions of temperature 37°C, initial pH 8.0 and atmospheric pressure.
Conclusion
In this study, a scalable process for both products was developed to achieve similar results to bottle-scale experiments, indicating potential applicability on an industrial scale. This is the first study to combine C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum and Enset fiber for the SSF process and contributes to the development of sustainable energy sources.
Simple imaging biomarker predicts survival in anal squamous cell cancer treated with curative intent: a UK cohort study.
Authors: Wale Anita , Bernier Laurence , Tait Diana , Rao Sheela , Brown Gina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the prognostic significance of length of tumour (mrT stage) and depth of extramural spread (mrEMS) in anal squamous cell cancers (SCC) treated by chemoradiation with curative intent. Locally advanced anal SCC (T3-4 N+) have poorer prognosis, but it is unknown whether the lateral spread of the tumour (extramural spread beyond the bowel wall) also confers poor prognosis in anal SCC, as it does for rectal cancer. T stage and mrEMS can be readily assessed by pelvic MRI routinely undertaken to stage anal SCC.
Methods
125 patients were included. Baseline mrT, mrN and mrEMS were assessed with response to chemoradiation and outcomes. ROC curve was used to determine a binary cut-off for mrEMS according to 3-year progression free survival (PFS).
Results
43% were mrT3-4 and 38% were mrEMSpoor at baseline. 87% achieved mrCR. 3-year PFS and OS was 70.6% and 82%. On univariate analysis worse 3-year PFS was seen for mrT3-4 (HR 3.105), mrEMSpoor (HR 4.924) and failure to achieve mrCR (HR 20.591). By univariate analysis worse 3-year OS was seen for mrT3-4 (HR 4.134), mrEMSpoor (HR 10.251) and failure to achieve mrCR (HR 19.289). On multivariate analysis only mrEMSpoor and failure to achieve mrCR remained prognostic. mrN was not prognostic.
Conclusion
mrEMSpoor is a simple prognostic imaging biomarker for poorer survival which can be readily assessed by radiologists on routine imagin. mrEMS should be considered as a future stratification variable to identify high risk SCC and consider escalation of treatment and surveillance strategies.
Postoperative Ustekinumab Drug Levels and Disease Activity in Patients with Crohn’s
Authors: Moskow Joshua , Thurston Theresa , Saleh Adam , Shah Ayushi , Abraham Bincy P. , Glassner Kerri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aims
This study investigated how post-operative ustekinumab levels relate to surgery type, endoscopic, biochemical, and clinical outcomes in patients with Crohn’s Disease.
Methods
A retrospective study of Crohn’s Disease patients with an operation related to Crohn’s Disease between 2016–2022. Patients were included if they had an ustekinumab trough level within two years post-operatively. Patients were separated into groups based on whether their ustekinumab trough levels were adequate, defined as ≥ 4µg/mL, or suboptimal < 4µg/mL. A subset of patients with ustekinumab levels taken within two years both before and after surgery was compared to non-surgical treatment escalated controls outside the initial patient set. Harvey-Bradshaw index was used to evaluate clinical disease activity. Rutgeert’s and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease were used to evaluate endoscopic disease activity. C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin values were collected to evaluate the molecular inflammatory disease state. CBC data was used to evaluate anemia.
Results
44 patients were identified that had ustekinumab levels after Crohn’s Disease related surgery. 13 of these patients had pre-operative levels and were compared to 26 non-surgical treatment escalated controls. Lower clinical disease activity was seen overall and specifically in ileocecal resection for patients with adequate post-operative ustekinumab levels. No relationship between ustekinumab levels and endoscopic disease activity post-operatively was found. Adequate levels of ustekinumab post-operatively yielded lower risk of anemia. Surgery itself did not have an impact on ustekinumab levels.
Conclusions
This study provided new insights into how post-operative ustekinumab levels impact several factors in patients having undergone Crohn’s Disease related surgery.