bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doped Carbon Dots Enable Highly Efficient Multiple‐Color Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Han Yuanyuan , Li Weihua , Li Junzhi , Ren Shihuan , Wang Maorong , Han Guangting , Yu Jianyong , Zhang Yuanming , Zhao Haiguang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColloidal carbon dots (C‐dots) are considered as promising heavy‐metal‐free materials to achieve room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) properties for promising applications, such as photoelectronic devices, information encryption, and bio‐imaging. However, most of the current obtained RTP C‐dots have a short lifetime with a relatively low quantum yield (QY). In this work, the C‐dots large‐scale synthesized via a vacuum heating approach have multiple RTP emissions (blue, green, and yellow), a long RTP lifetime of as high as 1.92 s, and a high QY of 34.4% by selecting different types of precursors, which is superior to most of reported RTP C‐dots. The multiple atoms doping and strong bonding between neighbored C‐dots promoted by vacuum heating contributes to the excellent RTP properties. As a proof‐of‐concept, the as‐obtained RTP C‐dots are used as optical ink for flexible security codes, exhibiting a bright shape with a lifetime of 1.37 s. This work offers an efficient approach for producing large‐scale high‐quality RTP C‐dots, which can be applied to anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption systems.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Hydroboration of Difluoroalkyl‐Substituted Internal Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Tao‐Qian , Xu Hui , Tian Yu‐Chen , Tang Xiaodong , Dang Yanfeng , Ge Shaozhong , Ma Jun‐An , Zhang Fa‐Guang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric hydroboration of fluoroalkyl‐substituted alkenes is a straightforward approach to access chiral small molecules possessing both fluorine and boron atoms. However, enantioselective hydroboration of fluoroalkyl‐substituted alkenes without fluorine elimination has been a long‐standing challenge in this field. Herein, a copper‐catalyzed hydroboration of difluoroalkyl‐substituted internal alkenes with high levels of regio‐ and enantioselectivities is reported. The native carbonyl directing group, copper hydride system, and bisphosphine ligand play crucial roles in suppressing the undesired fluoride elimination. This atom‐economic protocol provides a practical synthetic platform to obtain a wide scope of enantioenriched secondary boronates bearing the difluoromethylene moieties under mild conditions. Synthetic applications including functionalization of biorelevant molecules, versatile functional group interconversions, and preparation of difluoroalkylated Terfenadine derivative are also demonstrated.
Spatiotemporally controlled emergence of nanoparticle microvortices under electric field
Authors: Pan Qi , Lin Xijian , Wei Shiyuan , Su Jinghong , Zhao Hansen , Duan Xiaojie , Hu Guoqing , He Yan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractControlled assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) has garnered much interest over the past two decades. Beyond established techniques, new methods utilizing local short‐range or large‐scale long‐range interactions remain to be explored to achieve diverse micro‐ and nanoscale structures. Here, we report the controlled emergence of vortex‐pair arrays within monodispersed gold nanorods by applying a direct current electric field across a pair of sawtooth electrodes. By employing in situ darkfield microscopy and particle collective analysis, we elucidate the mechanism behind the formation and stabilization of the NP vortices, attributing it to the combined effects of the electrode shape, high NP density, and high solution viscosity. We further explore the controllability of the vortex‐pair arrays and obtain multiple complex vortice patterns. Our findings will facilitate the investigation of efficient and controlled dynamic assembly of NPs under external fields and help manufacture next‐generation optoelectronic functional materials.
Maximizing utility of neuropsychological measures in sex‐specific predictive models of incident Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ferretti Maria Teresa , Ding Huitong , Au Rhoda , Liu Chunyu , Devine Sherral , Auerbach Sanford , Mez Jesse , Gurnani Ashita , Liu Yulin , Santuccione Antonella , Ang Ting Fang Alvin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSex differences in neuropsychological (NP) test performance might have important implications for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates sex differences in neuropsychological performance among individuals without dementia at baseline.METHODSNeuropsychological assessment data, both standard test scores and process coded responses, from Framingham Heart Study participants were analyzed for sex differences using regression model and Cox proportional hazards model. Optimal NP profiles were identified by machine learning methods for men and women.RESULTSSex differences were observed in both summary scores and composite process scores of NP tests in terms of adjusted means and their associations with AD incidence. The optimal NP profiles for men and women have 10 and 8 measures, respectively, and achieve 0.76 mean area under the curve for AD prediction.DISCUSSIONThese results suggest that NP tests can be leveraged for developing more sensitive, sex‐specific indices for the diagnosis of AD.
Synthesis of Closed‐Heterohelicenes Interconvertible between Their Monomeric and Dimeric Forms
Authors: Matsuo Yusuke , Maeda Chihiro , Tsutsui Yusuke , Tanaka Takayuki , Seki Shu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOxidative fusion reaction of cyclic heteroaromatic pentads consisting of pyrrole and thiophene gave closed‐heterohelicene monomers and dimers depending on the oxidation conditions. Specifically, oxidation with [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) gave closed‐[7]helicene dimers connected at the β‐position of one of the pyrrole units with remarkably elongated C−C bonds of about 1.60 Å. Although this bond was intact against thermal and physical activations, homolytic bond dissociation took place in DMSO upon irradiation with UV light to give the corresponding monomers. Thus, interconversion between the closed‐helicene monomer and dimer was achieved. The optically pure dimer was photo‐dissociated into the monomers associated with a turn‐on of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL).
Evaluation of an Evidence‐Based Care Bundle for Preventing Hospital‐Acquired Pressure Injuries in High‐Risk Surgical Patients
Authors: Aloweni Fazila Binte Abu Bakar , Lim Siew Hoon , Agus Nur Liyana Binte , Ang Shin Yuh , Goh Meh Meh , Yong Patricia , Fook‐Chong Stephanie , Tucker‐Kellogg Lisa , Soh Chai Rick 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an evidence‐based care bundle to prevent perioperative pressure injuries. In a single facility, using a preintervention and postintervention quasi‐experimental design, we compared the pressure injury incidence rate for two patient groups (ie, before and after care bundle implementation). The bundle included a variety of elements, such as educating patients, applying protection, controlling skin moisture, and using pressure‐relieving devices according to the patient's risk. Before the intervention, patients received standard care before procedures that did not address risk for pressure injury development. The study involved a total of 944 patients, and the incidence of pressure injury was lower in the postintervention group than in the preintervention group (1.6% versus 4.8%; P < .001). However, the odds ratio was nonsignificant and therefore the clinical relevance of the bundle is unclear. Additional research with a control group and multiple sites is needed.
Permeation Dynamics of Active Swimmers Through Anisotropic Porous Walls
Authors: von Rüling Florian , Bakhchova Liubov , Steinmann Ulrike , Eremin Alexey 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural habitats of most living microorganisms are distinguished by a complex structure often formed by a porous medium such as soil. The dynamics and transport properties of motile microorganisms are strongly affected by crowded and locally anisotropic environments. Using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system, we explore the permeation of active colloids through a structured wall of obstacles by tracking microswimmers' trajectories and analyzing their statistical properties. Employing micro‐labyrinths formed by cylindrical or elongated pillars, we demonstrate that the anisotropy of the pillar's form and orientation strongly affects the microswimmers' dynamics on different time scales. Furthermore, we discuss the kinetics of the microswimmer exchange between two compartments separated by an array of pillars.
Dual‐task difficulties as a risk factor for unemployment in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kahraman Turhan , Temiz Hasretgul , Abasiyanik Zuhal , Baba Cavid , Ozakbas Serkan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundNo study has investigated the impact of dual‐tasking difficulties as a risk factor for unemployment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). The aim was to examine the influence of dual‐task performance on employment status and work difficulties and to identify the predictors of employment status in pwMS.MethodsEighty‐four pwMS, including 42 employed and 42 unemployed, participated in the study. Dual‐task difficulties were assessed using the Dual‐task Impact on Daily‐living Activities‐Questionnaire (DIDA‐Q), while dual‐task performance was evaluated through the 30‐second Walk Test and Nine‐Hole Peg Test, incorporating a cognitive task. Walking and cognitive function were also measured.ResultsEmployed pwMS had better scores in walking, cognitive function, single and dual‐task performance than unemployed pwMS (p < .05). Lower scores in walking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, p < .001) and upper extremity‐related (OR = 1.44, p = .019) dual‐task performance and higher scores in the cognitive subscale of the DIDA‐Q questionnaire (OR = 1.20, p = .037) were significantly associated with higher odds of being unemployed. Among employed pwMS, DIDA‐Q subscales showed moderate‐to‐strong correlations with MSWSDQ‐23 scores. The other variables showed weak‐to‐moderate correlations with subscale and total scores of MSWSDQ‐23.ConclusionCognitive function, as opposed to motor function, has been found to be a significant predictor of unemployment in pwMS.
Prosthetic rehabilitation of an edentulous patient with microstomia using digital and conventional methods: A case report
Authors: Moslemian Naeime , Hasanzade Mahya 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis study describes prosthetic rehabilitation an edentulous patient with microstomia. Maxillary preliminary and definitive impression were made by intraoral scanning and custom 2‐piece impression tray respectively to fabricate conventional denture.
Insect ear‐feeding impacts Gibberella ear rot and deoxynivalenol accumulation in corn grain
Authors: Singh Maninder P. , DiFonzo Christina D. , Fusilier Katlin M. , Kaur Harkirat , Chilvers Martin I. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHigh deoxynivalenol (DON) levels in corn (Zea mays L.) is a grain quality issue for many growers in the US Great Lakes region. High DON levels can be attributed to the interaction of environment, pathogen (Fusarium spp. causing ear rot), and hybrid susceptibility. However, ear‐feeding insects can provide easy access for fungal infection and increase DON accumulation, hence the evaluation of insect protection strategies such as hybrid insecticidal proteins is crucial. Field trials were conducted at four locations in Michigan to study the impact of hybrids insect protection trait on ear injury, ear rot infection, and DON levels. Fungicide application (prothioconazole at silking stage) was conducted at two locations and included non‐treated control. Insect feeding incidence (IFI) and ear rot incidence (ERI) were correlated at three locations but were stronger at locations with environments not conducive to fungal growth soon after silking. Correlation between IFI and DON was observed only at locations with highest insect pressure. Hybrid with Vip3A protein reduced IFI by >70% at all locations but lowered DON concentration at one out of three tested locations compared to non‐Vip3A hybrids. Fungicide application reduced ear rot severity at one of two locations but did not impact ERI or DON levels. Overall, results showed that ear‐feeding by insects can lead to an increase in ear rot and DON levels, and use of hybrids with Vip3A protein can reduce DON levels especially under high insect pressure.
Visible Light Activates Coumarin‐Caged mRNA for Cytoplasmic Cap Methylation in Cells
Authors: Bollu Amarnath , Schepers Helena , Klöcker Nils , Erguven Mehmet , Lawrence‐Dörner Ann‐Marie , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProtein synthesis is important and regulated by various mechanisms in the cell. Translation initiation in eukaryotes starts at the 5′ cap and is the most complex of the three phases of mRNA translation. It requires methylation of the N7 position of the terminal guanosine (m7G). The canonical capping occurs in the nucleus, however, cytoplasmic recapping has been discovered. It functions in switching mRNAs between translating and non‐translating states, but the individual steps are difficult to dissect. We targeted cytoplasmic cap methylation as the ultimate step of cytoplasmic recapping. We present an N7G photocaged 5′ cap that can be activated for cytoplasmic methylation by visible light. We report chemical and chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of this 5′ cap with 7‐(diethylamino)‐4‐methyl‐coumarin (DEACM) at the N7G and validate that it is not bound by translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). We demonstrate incorporation into mRNA, the release of unmethylated cap analog and enzymatic remethylation to functional cap 0 after irradiation at 450 nm. In cells, irradiation triggers translation of mRNAs with the N7G photocaged 5′ cap via cytoplasmic cap methylation.
Unlocking Some Si‐Centered Reactivity of a 4,4’‐Dichloro‐1,4‐di‐hydro‐1,4‐phosphasiline
Authors: Ramachandran Mridhul R. K. , Brehm Philipp C. , Sasamori Takahiro , Streubel Rainer 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo establish some steric protection at the P center of a tricyclic 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐phosphasiline, the potassium salt of a tricyclic 1,4‐dihydro‐1,4‐phosphasilin‐1‐ide was treated with triphenylmethyl chloride. Subsequently, the two Si‐bound diethylamino groups, were converted to give the SiCl2 derivative using HCl. The Si‐functionality could be used in substitution reactions thus giving Si‐dimethyl and Si‐dimethoxy derivatives. Reduction of the SiCl2 derivative at low temperature gave transient tricyclic silylene which could not be detected by NMR spectroscopy but successfully trapped by 1,3‐butadiene to give a P‐containing spiro‐silolene derivative. DFT studies provide insight into reduction and the silylene formation.
Blame‐avoidance and fragmented crisis management during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Switzerland
Authors: Mavrot Céline , Sager Fritz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article studies how the prolonged pandemic situation impacted crisis governance in the federalized governance system of Switzerland. It examines how in this acute crisis situation, the responsibility for decision‐making fluctuated among governance levels, placing subnational states in a situation of uncertainty that caused a fragmented crisis management, and therefore suboptimal policy learning processes. The study is based on the case of COVID‐19 governance in Switzerland, where, as in many other European countries, the management of the first pandemic wave was very centralized. However, the federal government avoided taking a strong lead during the subsequent waves. Consequently, pandemic management was marked by numerous fluctuations regarding who was in charge of the main COVID‐19 decisions between the federal and subnational governance levels. A media analysis (February 2020–March 2022) and an analysis of the gray literature show that crisis governance and policy learning processes were scattered across levels of governance, which impeded the accumulation of knowledge and know‐how. The article analyses how crises can give way to blame games between the levels of governance, thus hampering a coordinated crisis management and policy learning processes across the different stages of the pandemic.
Machine learning‐based prediction of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with clinical examined features: A quantitative clinical study
Authors: Ullah Kainat A. , Rehman Faisal , Anwar Muhammad , Faheem Muhammad , Riaz Naveed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is commonly seen in older people but often neglected due to its silent nature. To overcome the issue of osteoporosis in men and women, we proposed an advanced prediction model with the help of machine learning techniques which can help to identify the potential occurrence of this bone disease by its advanced screening tools. To achieve more reliable and accurate results, various machine‐learning techniques were applied to the presented data sets. Moreover, we also compared the performance of our results with other existing algorithms to solely focus on the advanced features of the proposed methodology. The two data sets, the clinical tests of patients in Taiwan and medical reports of postmenopausal women in Korea through Korean Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2010–2011) were considered in this study. To predict bone disorders, we utilized the data about females and developed a system using artificial neural networks, support vector machines, and K‐nearest neighbor. To compare the performance of the model Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve and other evaluation metrics were compared. The achieved results from all the algorithms and compared them with Osteoporosis Self‐Assessment Tool for Asians and the results were noticeably better and more reliable than existing systems due to the involvement of ML. Using machine learning techniques to predict these types of diseases is better because physicians and patients can take early action to prevent the consequences in advance.
Economic policy uncertainty and access to finance: An international evidence
Authors: Benlemlih Mohammed , Vural Yavaş Çiğdem , Assaf Cynthia 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we provide the first attempt to relate economic policy uncertainty (EPU) to firms' access to finance. Using data from 26 countries and the news‐based index from Baker et al. (2016), we provide evidence that EPU significantly increases financial constraints and decreases firms' access to finance. Our main inference is robust to alternative measures of financial constraints, alternative samples, alternative model specifications, and several approaches that control for potential endogeneity. We further show that the EPU‐financial constraint relationship is driven by both the demand and supply sides of financing. Additional analyses suggest that the impact of EPU on firms' financial constraints is moderated by board characteristics (i.e., gender diversity, independence, and duality). They also highlight the moderating roles of government effectiveness, the rule of law and control of corruption. Collectively, our findings provide novel theoretical and practical contributions in relation to EPU and the firms' setting.
The Effect of Isoflurane versus Balanced Anesthesia on Rocuronium's Pharmacokinetics and Infusion Requirement
Authors: Larijani Ghassem E. , Gratz Irwin , Afshar Mary , McDonald Patricia A. , Fisher Dennis M. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To compare the effects of two anesthetic techniques, balanced and isoflurane anesthesia, on the response to an intubating dose and an infusion of rocuronium, and on rocuronium's pharmacokinetics.Design. Randomized, open‐label study.Setting. A university‐affiliated hospital.Patients. Twenty‐two healthy adults undergoing elective surgery.Interventions. The patients were anesthetized with a balanced technique (nitrous oxide, fentanyl, midazolam) or isoflurane (nitrous oxide, isoflurane 0.5‐1.0%). Rocuronium was administered initially as a 500‐μg/kg bolus, then by infusion to maintain approximately 86–94% depression of twitch tension. Plasma samples to determine rocuronium concentrations were obtained before, during, and after the infusion. Pharmacokinetics were determined using a population‐based approach.Measurements and Main Results. Onset time and initial recovery after the bolus dose were similar for the two groups. Infusion requirements also were similar. Plasma clearance was greater during isoflurane than during balanced anesthesia (4.48 vs 3.49 ml/kg/min). Distribution clearances and volumes of distribution were similar for the two groups.Conclusions. The similarity of response to an intubating dose and an infusion of rocuronium suggests that clinicians need not alter the dose or rate of rocuronium administration during isoflurane anesthesia with a of duration less than 1 hour. However, the greater clearance of rocuronium, in light of the similarity of infusion requirements, suggests that isoflurane potentiates rocuronium compared with balanced anesthesia.
Hemodynamic Effects of Intravenous Famotidine in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Lipsy Robert J. , Freeman Collin D. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective: To study the hemodynamic effects of famotidine administered undiluted intravenously over 2 minutes.Design: Nonblinded, nonrandomized.Setting: Medical/surgical intensive care unit in a university‐affiliated, tertiary care, teaching hospital.Patients: Eleven consecutive critically ill patients receiving famotidine for stress ulcer prophylaxis. Seven of these patients were also receiving vasopressors or inotropes.Interventions: Famotidine 20 mg/2 ml was administered intravenously undiluted through a peripheral line over 2 minutes. All other medications, including vasopressors and inotropes, were held constant.Measurements and Main Results: No clinically important (> 20 variations from baseline) or statistically significant (p<0.05) changes were seen in heart rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, or central venous pressure. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was elevated at 8 minutes following famotidine (91.2 mm Hg [22.4 SD]) versus baseline (86.7 mm Hg [19.6 SD]). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was elevated at 8 minutes (17.2 mm Hg [6 SD]), 12 minutes (17.9 mm Hg [5.68 SD]), and 16 minutes (17.8 mm Hg [6.08 SD]), versus baseline (14.8 mm Hg [7.14 SD]). These changes in MAP and PCWP achieved statistical significance, but were not thought to be of clinical significance.Conclusions: Famotidine given undiluted intravenously over 2 minutes produced no adverse hemodynamic effects in critically ill patients. Administration in this manner should be safe even in patients requiring supportive cardiovascular drug therapy.