bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between heat‐shock protein 73 and HLA–DRB1 alleles associated or not with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Auger Isabelle , Lepecuchel Lydia , Roudier Jean 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveHLA–DRB1 alleles whose third hypervariable region contains a QKRAA/QRRAA/RRRAA motif are associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through unknown mechanisms. We previously demonstrated that the QKRAA motif was also expressed on the Escherichia coli 40‐kd heat‐shock protein (HSP) DnaJ. The QKRAA motif helps DnaJ bind its partner chaperone, the E coli 70‐kd HSP DnaK. Furthermore, we observed that in lymphoblastoid cells, Hsp73, the constitutive 70‐kd HSP, associates with HLA–DRB1*0401 (an allele with a QKRAA motif) and targets it to lysosomes. In this study, we sought to classify different HLA–DRB1 alleles according to their ability to bind Hsp73.MethodsTo evaluate how well different HLA–DRB1 alleles could bind Hsp73, we developed a quantitative precipitation assay and a direct binding assay.ResultsQuantitative precipitation assay from total cellular proteins and from lysosomal extracts demonstrated that RA‐associated HLA–DRB1 alleles bound Hsp73 better than did HLA–DRB1 alleles that were not associated with RA. HLA–DRB1*0401 was the best Hsp73 binder. These findings were confirmed by direct binding assay between purified proteins.ConclusionHLA–DRB1*0401 was the best Hsp73 binder among the 8 different HLA–DRB1 alleles that were tested.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the anticholinergics tiotropium and ipratropium in the rat and dog
Authors: Leusch A. , Eichhorn B. , Müller G. , Rominger K.‐L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIpratropium, a current treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and tiotropium, a longer acting anticholinergic bronchodilator currently being developed for COPD are structurally related to atropine. In this study, the intravenous (i.v.), oral (p.o.) and intratracheal (i.tr.) single dose pharmacokinetics (PK) of tiotropium and ipratropium were determined in rat and dog. In rats, concentration–time profiles of tiotropium and ipratropium after single i.v. bolus administration of 7–8 mg kg−1 are similar. Both drugs are highly cleared (Cl between 87 and 150 ml min−1 kg−1) and extensively distributed into tissues (volume of distribution Vss between 3 and 15 l kg−1). In dogs, this holds also true for both drugs (Cl between 34 and 42 ml min−1 kg−1, Vss between 2 and 10 l kg−1), although different dose regimen were applied (i.v. bolus of 0.08 mg kg−1 vs. infusion of 0.1 mg kg−1 h−1 for 3 h). Tiotropium plasma concentrations increased linearly in rats over a wide dose range following single i.v. administration. Both ipratropium and tiotropium showed a comparable terminal elimination half‐life in rat urine (21–24 h) after single i.v. administration, which was much longer than the corresponding half‐life in plasma (6–8 h). Whole body autoradiography in rats revealed a broad and rapid tissue distribution of [14C]tiotropium radioactivity after single i.v. administration. A comparable distribution pattern has also been reported earlier for ipratropium. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managers' variance investigation decisions: an experimental examination of probabilistic and outcome ambiguity
Authors: Ho Joanna L. Y. , Keller L. Robin , Keltyka Pamela 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInformation ambiguity is prevalent in organizations and may influence management decisions. This study examines, given imprecise probabilities or outcomes, how managers decide which department's performance to investigate further when they are provided with performance benchmarks expressed in numerical intervals. Seventy‐nine MBA students participated in two experiments involving investigation decisions. We presented participants with interval benchmarks of a firm's expenses. Being below or above the benchmark should have been seen as equally negative. We found that, when facing outcome ambiguity, our participants consistently preferred to investigate further those departments whose performance was described as having an ambiguous outcome (when the outcome's range was centered either below or above the interval benchmark). However, when facing probabilistic ambiguity, there were two predominant choice patterns: consistently choosing to investigate the department whose performance is described with an ambiguous probability, or consistently choosing to investigate the department with unambiguous performance. To gain further insight, we conducted a follow‐up study collecting written protocols of participants' reasons for making choices involving ambiguous performance information. The results show that our participants displayed similar decision‐making processes when facing outcome ambiguity and probabilistic ambiguity. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A map of the common chimpanzee genome
Authors: Wildman Derek E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe completion of the chimpanzee genome will greatly help us determine which genetic changes are unique to humanity. Chimpanzees are our closest living relative, and a recent study has made considerable progress towards decoding the genome of our sister taxon.1 Over 75,000 common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences were aligned and mapped to the human genome. This study shows the remarkable genetic similarity (98.77%) between humans and chimpanzees, while highlighting intriguing areas of potential difference. If we wish to understand the genetic basis of humankind, the completion of the chimpanzee genome deserves high priority. BioEssays 24:490–493, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo behaviour of long‐circulating liposomes in blood vessels in hamster inflammation and septic shock models—use of intravital fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Devoisselle Jean‐Marie , Begu Sylvie , Tourné‐Péteilh Corine , Desmettre Thomas , Mordon Serge 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study aimed to observe liposome uptake by leukocytes in vivo. The study was performed on skin by using a dorsal skin‐fold chamber implanted in golden hamsters using intravital microscopy. 5 and 6‐CF‐encapsulated polyethylene glycolated liposomes were injected intravenously. The skin microcirculation was observed with an intravital Eclipse E800 Nikon microscope (using ×40, ×80 magnification) fitted with a Xenon light source and an epifluorescence assembly (excitation, 470 nm, FWHM 40 nm; emission, 540 nm, FWHM 40 nm). An ultra‐high sensitivity videocamera mounted on the microscope projected the image onto a monitor, and the images (720 × 576 pixels) were recorded for playback analysis with a digital video cassette recorder. An acute inflammatory response was obtained by removing one complete layer of skin and the underlying fascia and avascular tissue on the opposing side of the flap corresponding to an area equivalent to the window aperture. Using this model and set‐up, leukocyte rolling and adhesion were easily observed and the entry of PEGylated liposomes into hamster blood leukocytes was studied for a period of 6 h. PEGylated liposomes were clearly identified alone inside the blood flow and inside the leukocytes as soon as the inflammatory reaction appeared. This study shows for the first time that blood leukocytes in their natural milieu of whole blood are capable of interacting with, and taking up, liposomes. This observation is in accordance with previous in vitro studies. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic characterization of selected β‐ sheet hairpin models
Authors: Hilario Jovencio , Kubelka Jan , Syud Faisal A. , Gellman Samuel H. , Keiderling Timothy A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe IR and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra of a model two‐stranded β hairpin are compared to those of a related cyclic two‐stranded model, which are both stabilized by DPro‐ Gly turns. The spectra are compared to ab initio based simulations to support specific assignments of the dominant features and suggest a revised interpretation of the IR and VCD spectra for β sheet containing proteins. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 233–236, 2002
Functional engineering of hepatocytes via heterocellular presentation of a homoadhesive molecule, E‐cadherin
Authors: Brieva Thomas A. , Moghe Prabhas V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEngineering functional activity of liver cell cultures requires the modulation of specific cell–cell interactions. We have investigated the quantitative role of systematically varied presentation of the cell–cell adhesion molecule, E‐cadherin, on the differentiated function of cocultured parenchymal liver cells, hepatocytes. Specifically, we incorporated different proportions of E‐cadherin transfected L‐929 chaperone cells and untransfected chaperone cells, within cultures of primary rat hepatocytes on a collagen substrate. By using a strongly adhesive substrate that restricted cadherin‐induced variations in cell spreading and growth‐arresting chaperone cells, we could carefully isolate the potential role of cell–cell adhesion on cell differentiation. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we confirmed that cadherins expressed at hepatocyte–hepatocyte contacts as well as hepatocyte–chaperone contacts were crossreactive. However, hepatocytes cocultured with cadherin‐presenting chaperone cells had a 55–65% increase in longterm function over hepatocytes cocultured with control, nonpresenting chaperone cells. Notably, the cadherin‐induced increase in function occurred over and above the basal, coculture‐induced functional elevation. Further, we quantified the stoichiometric importance of cadherin contacts by comparing established markers of hepatocyte functional activity across a graded range of E‐cadherin presentation. At low levels of cadherin‐mediated contacts, the induction of differentiated function was weak, while high levels of contacts elicited a marked increase in function. Thus, hepatocyte biochemical functions (albumin and urea secretion) were biphasically governed by the degree of cadherin‐based contacts presented during culture. Overall, our results demonstrate the unequivocal role of cell–cell adhesion molecules in hepatocyte functional engineering, through the graded use of cadherin presentation from functionally incompetent, heterotypic chaperone cells. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 76: 295–302, 2001.
Modeling and kinetic analysis of the reaction system using whole cells with separately and co‐expressed D‐hydantoinase and N‐carbamoylase
Authors: Park Joo‐Ho , Oh Ki‐Hoon , Lee Dong‐Cheol , Kim Hak‐Sung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe developed a kinetic model that describes a heterogeneous reaction system for the production of D‐p‐hydroxyphenylglycine from D,L‐p‐hydroxyphenyl‐hydantoin using D‐hydantoinase of Bacillus stearothermophilus SD1 and N‐carbamoylase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens NRRL B11291. As a biocatalyst, whole cells with separately or co‐expressed enzymes were used. The reaction system involves dissolution of substrate particles, enzymatic conversion, racemization of the L‐form substrate, and transfer of the dissolved substrate, intermediate, and product through the cell membrane. Because the two enzymes have different pH optimum, kinetic parameters were evaluated at different pH for the reaction systems. The model was simulated using the kinetic parameters and compared with experimental data, and it was found that the kinetic model well describes the behavior of the reaction systems using whole cells with separately and co‐expressed enzymes. Factors affecting the kinetics of the reaction systems were analyzed on the basis of the kinetic model. In the reaction system with separately expressed enzymes, racemization rate and transport of the reaction intermediate (N‐carbamoyl‐D‐p‐hydroxyphenylglycine) were revealed to be the limiting factors at neutral pH, resulting in accumulation of intermediate in the reaction medium. At alkaline condition, on the other hand, inhibition of N‐carbamoylase by ammonia was severe, and thereby the reaction rate significantly reduced. In the co‐expressed enzyme system, accumulation of intermediate was negligible in the reaction medium, and the improved performance was observed compared to that with separately expressed enzymes. The present model might be applied for the optimization and development of the reaction system using two sequential enzymes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 78: 779–793, 2002.
Novel pristinamycin‐responsive expression systems for plant cells
Authors: Frey Alexander D. , Rimann Markus , Bailey James E. , Kallio Pauli T. , Thompson Charles J. , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNovel gene regulation systems were designed for plant cells responsive to the streptogramin antibiotic pristinamycin. The pristinamycin‐repressible plant gene regulation concept (PIPpOFF) is based on a transcriptional activator (PIT) which consists of the Pip protein, the repressor of the pristinamycin resistance operon of Streptomyces coelicolor, fused to the VP16 transactivation domain of the Herpes simplex virus. PIT mediates pristinamycin‐repressible activation of a synthetic plant promoter (PpPIR) in tobacco cells consisting of a nine Pip‐binding site‐containing artificial operator (PIR3) placed upstream of a TATA‐box derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (PCaMV35S). Pristinamycin interferes with induction by negatively regulating the DNA‐binding capacity of the Pip moiety of PIT. A second, streptogramin‐inducible plant gene regulation system (PIPpON) was constructed by combining Pip expression with a plant‐specific pristinamycin‐inducible promoter (PpPIRON). PpPIRON consists of a PIR3 module cloned downstream of the strong constitutive plant promoter PCaMV35S. As in the native Streptomyces configuration, Pip binds to its cognate sequence within PpPIRON in the absence of regulating antibiotic and silences the chimeric plant promoter. Upon addition of pristinamycin, Pip is released from the PIR3 operator and full PCaMV35S‐driven expression of desired plant genes is induced. The PIPpOFF and PIPpON systems performed well in Nicotiana tabacum suspension cultures and promise to provide an attractive extension of existing plant gene regulation technology for basic plant research or biopharmaceutical manufacturing using plant tissue culture. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 154–163, 2001.
Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase on colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs)
Authors: O'Connell P. J. , Varley J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel technique for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto anionic colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs) is described. CGAs are spherical microbubbles (10–100 μm) composed of an inner gas core surrounded by a surfactant shell. In this initial study, greater than 80% lipase (w/w) was effectively retained on the CGAs. Leakage of protein from the CGAs and the activity of the adsorbed lipase decreased with increasing enzyme loading; this indicates that multilayers of lipase may be adsorbing onto the CGAs. The CGA‐immobilised lipase displayed normal Michaelis‐Menten dependence on substrate concentration and also exhibited greater activity than the free enzyme. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 74: 264–269, 2001.
Enhancement of organophosphorus hydrolase yield in Escherichia coli using multiple gene fusions
Authors: Wu Chi‐Fang , Valdes James J. , Rao Govind , Bentley William E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt was previously shown that organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) expression and purification could be tracked by fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) when synthesized as an N‐terminal fusion with GFP (Cha et al., 2000; Wu et al., 2000). In order to enhance OPH productivity while utilizing the advantage of the reporter protein (GFP), two copies of OPH were cloned in tandem following the gfpuv gene (e.g., GFP‐OPHn=2). Both anti‐GFP and anti‐OPH Western blots demonstrated that a higher yield was achieved in comparison to the one copy fusion (GFP‐OPH). Importantly, the fusion protein was still fluorescent as determined via microscopy. In contrast, a fusion containing two copies of OPH without GFP, and an operon fusion of two OPHs with two independent ribosomal binding sites, did not result in a higher yield than one OPH expressed alone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. BioTechnol Bioeng 75: 100–103, 2001.
Incentives and disincentives for corporate environmental disclosure
Authors: Solomon Aris , Lewis Linda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe year 2000 saw the launch of AA1000, a standard designed to enable corporate ethical performance to be judged. If such ethical performance is interpreted as social and environmental behaviour our view is that it should lead to more social and environmental disclosure. Yet the willingness to communicate corporate social and environmental performance still seems to be limited. Of the social and environmental disclosures that exist many appear to be rather fragmented and disparate. In this paper we explore the apparent paradox between concern for the environment and the limited amount of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) that takes place. Through an empirical study, the incentives and disincentives for CED are identified. Findings from the study identify a difference between the information requirements of ‘users’ and the willingness of ‘preparers’ to provide. The paper makes some tentative policy suggestions with the intention of bringing the two parties closer together. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Procedural justice in the context of civil commitment: an analogue study*
Authors: Cascardi Michele , Poythress Norman G. , Hall Alicia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractProcedural justice theory posits that the process by which disputes are resolved influences perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with outcomes, even if the outcomes are unfavorable. Within the context of civil commitment, Tyler (1992) has suggested that enhancing respondents' perceptions of procedural justice (i.e., participation, dignity, and trust) during commitment proceedings might facilitate accommodation to an adverse judicial determination (i.e., commitment) and subsequently enhance therapeutic outcomes. The study reported here used videotapes of mock commitment hearings to examine whether patients committed for involuntary treatment are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations. Results suggest that patients are sensitive to procedural justice manipulations and, further, that such manipulations are likely to influence the patients' attitude toward psychiatric care. These findings suggest that the development of strategies to enhance patients' perceptions of procedural justice in commitment hearings may indeed have positive therapeutic implications and warrants further investigation. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of dexamethasone on tooth eruption in rats: Differences in incisor and molar eruption
Authors: Wise Gary E. , Grier Robert L. , Lumpkin Steven J. , Zhang Quiyang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA requirement for tooth eruption is the resorption of alveolar bone. Because bone resorption is stimulated by dexamethasone both in vivo and in vitro, dexamethasone 21‐phosphate, a soluble form of dexamethasone, was injected into rats to determine its effect on tooth eruption. Such dexamethasone injections accelerate the time of intra‐osseous eruption in rat incisors but do not accelerate the eruption time of rat molars when injected into rats. The injections of dexamethasone 21‐phosphate also accelerate the time of eyelid opening in the postnatal rats, as well as retarding growth, as measured by body weight. These effects of dexamethasone 21‐phosphate parallel the effects of epidermal growth factor injections, including the absence of an effect on molar eruption. This suggests that the molecular signals for the initiation of tooth eruption (i.e., onset of bone resorption) differ between rat incisors and molars. Given that rat incisors are teeth of continuous eruption whereas rat molars are teeth of limited eruption, as are human teeth, care must be taken in extrapolating results derived from rat incisors to human dentition. In vitro, dexamethasone has no effect on the gene expression of either osteoprotegerin or epidermal growth factor in dental follicle cells derived from molars. Because osteoprotegerin expression during normal tooth eruption is transitorily inhibited early postnatally in the molar dental follicle to allow osteoclast formation, the absence of inhibition of its expression by dexamethasone could explain why dexamethasone does not accelerate eruption in molars. Clin. Anat. 14:204–209, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety of coronary stenting early after thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction: One‐ and six‐month clinical and angiographic evolution
Authors: Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Alonso Joaquín J. , Gimeno Federico , Ramos Benigno , Durán Juan M. , Bermejo José , de la Fuente Luis , Muñoz Juan C. , Garcimartín Isabel , García‐Morán Emilio , Sanz Olga , Serrador Ana , San Román José A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo determine the feasibility and safety of early posthrombolysis coronary stenting and the incidence of further reocclusion, we followed 99 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction thrombolyzed with rt‐PA 2.0 ± 0.8 hr after onset. Culprit artery was stented 14.0 ± 7.0 hr after thrombolysis. All patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow‐up at 1 and 6 months. Angiographic success was achieved in 99% of cases. Neither major cardiac events nor bleeding or vascular complications occurred during hospital stay. At 30 days, no events occurred and normal flow persisted in all stented arteries. At 6 months, only one artery reoccluded (1%), resulting in a nonfatal reinfarction. Restenosis rate was 21%. Contribution of the infarcted area to left ventricular function significantly increased from baseline to 30‐day and to 6‐month evaluations. Thus, early posthrombolysis stenting is a safe strategy with a low reocclusion rate, which seems to allow functional recovery of the infarcted area. Further studies are necessary to define its impact on survival and cost‐effectiveness. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:467–476. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.