bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДОМАШНЄ НАСИЛЬСТВО СТОСОВНО ЖІНОК І ПРИНЦИП НЕДИСКРИМІНАЦІЇ: АНАЛІЗ ПРАКТИКИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СУДУ З ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ
Authors: Білько І. П. 
Published: November 2023

У статті проаналізовано релевантну практику Європейського суду з прав людини у справах про домашнє насильство стосовно жінок на предмет пошуку рішень, у яких встановлено порушення статті 14 Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. Надано характеристику основним тенденціям у розгляді Європейським судом з прав людини цієї категорії справ. Охарактеризовано випадки, коли дії та загальна політика державних органів у цих справах визнавались дискримінаційними стосовно жінок.
Криміналізація домашнього насильства в Україні здійснювалась на фоні як загального розуміння про актуальність такої криміналізації у вітчизняних наукових колах, так і стрімкого розвитку антидискримінаційних міжнародних документів, а також враховуючи значну кількість відповідних рішень Європейського суду з прав людини. Саме останній трохи більше десятка років тому почав досліджувати у своїх рішеннях обставини справ про домашнє насильство стосовно жінок на відповідність принципам рівності і недискримінації, які, власне, втілені у статті 14 Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. Як показано у статті, у цій практиці Європейський суд з прав людини наголошує на недопущенні дискримінації щодо жінок, коли держава застосовує правові механізми захисту жінок від домашнього насильства.
Враховуючи вищевикладене, автор розкриває особливості застосування принципу рівності і недискримінації Європейським судом з прав людини у контексті домашнього насильства стосовно жінок. Разом з тим наводить приклад розуміння цього принципу, зокрема Конституційним Судом України. Крім того, автором описано загальні умови визнання домашнього насильства стосовно жінок, зокрема формою дискримінації щодо жінок Європейським судом з прав людини. Автор дійшов висновку, що Європейський суд з прав людини, якщо мало місце порушення, наприклад, 2-ї чи 3-ї статті Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод, не в усіх випадках визнавав порушення Договірною Державою також і статті 14 Конвенції.
Аналізуючи правову позицію Європейського суду з прав людини у рішенні по справі «Володіна проти Росії», автор вказав, що саме в цьому рішенні Суд, окрім дій правоохоронних органів щодо заявниці, вказав на недоліки законодавства у сфері протидії домашньому насильству однієї із Договірних Держав Конвенції про захист прав людини і основоположних свобод. На підставі наведеного автор робить висновок, що повне ігнорування проблеми домашнього насильства стосовно жінок органами влади, яке може проявлятися, зокрема, у відсутності законодавства щодо боротьби з цим видом насильства, буде своєрідною запорукою для встановлення Європейським судом з прав людини порушення статті 14 Конвенції.
The Development Of Animation Interactive Media Based On Articulate Storyline To Improve Student Learning On IPS Materials
Authors: Rizkiyah Riza , Nuruddin Muhammad 
Published: November 2023

Learning activities with the lecture method through the help of textbooks need changes so that students become more enthusiastic and active in learning. One way to make changes is through development that follows the electronic digital era. The media developed is in the form of Articulate Storyline-based learning. It aims to make it easier for students to learn, both guided and independent learning. This type of research uses development research with the ADDIE type of research model developed by Tegeh (2014:42). In this type of ADDIE there are 5 stages, namely the analysis stage, planning stage, development stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The results of research conducted on Articulate Storyline-based learning media are very suitable for use for learning activities. This can be seen based on the assessment that has been carried out on the results of the instrument expert validator by getting a percentage of 84.3%. The results of the material expert validator with a score of 85%. The results of the media expert validator's assessment got a percentage of 91.25%. For the results of the questionnaire, the students' responses got a percentage of 90%. From the results of the research obtained, it is in the very good category and is suitable for.
Keywords: ADDIE Model Development, Articulate Storyline, The Uniqueness of the Area I Live in.
Off-pump vs. on-pump bypass surgery grafting in diabetic patients with three-vessel disease: a propensity score matching study
Authors: Song Yu , Wang Chen , Tang Chuanbin , Huang Xiaofan , Wang Dashuai , Li Rui , Luo Jingjing , Tuerxun Yisilamujiang , Li Yuanming , Liu Baoqing , Wu Long , Du Xinling 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundControversy exists regarding the advantages and risks of off-pump vs. on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for patients with diabetes. We therefore compare the early clinical outcomes of off-pump vs. on-pump procedures for diabetic patients with three-vessel disease.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data obtained from 548 diabetic patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease who underwent isolated CABG between January 2016 and June 2020. To adjust the differences of baseline characteristics between the off-pump CABG (OPCAB) and on-pump CABG (ONCAB) groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was used. Following 1:1 matching, we selected 187 pairs of patients for further comparison of outcomes within the first 30 days after surgery.ResultsThe preoperative characteristics of the patients between the two groups were clinically comparable after PSM. The OPCAB group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of incomplete revascularization (27.3% vs. 14.4%; P = 0.002) compared with the ONCAB group. No differences were seen in mortality within 30 days between the matched groups (1.1% vs. 3.7%; P = 0.174). Notably, the OPCAB group had a lower risk of respiratory failure or infection (2.1% vs. 7.0%; P = 0.025), less postoperative stroke (1.1% vs. 4.8%; P = 0.032), and reduced postoperative ventilator assistance time (35.8 ± 33.7 vs. 50.9 ± 64.8; P = 0.005).ConclusionOPCAB in diabetic patients with three-vessel disease is a safe procedure with reduced early stroke and respiratory complications and similar mortality rate, myocardial infarction, and renal failure requiring dialysis to conventional on-pump revascularization.
Compressed SENSE accelerated 3D single-breath-hold late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance with isotropic resolution: clinical evaluation
Authors: Gertz Roman Johannes , Wagner Anton , Sokolowski Marcel , Lennartz Simon , Gietzen Carsten , Grunz Jan-Peter , Goertz Lukas , Kaya Kenan , ten Freyhaus Henrik , Persigehl Thorsten , Bunck Alexander Christian , Doerner Jonas , Naehle Claas Philip , Maintz David , Weiss Kilian , Katemann Christoph , Pennig Lenhard 
Published: November 2023

AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical application of Compressed SENSE accelerated single-breath-hold LGE with 3D isotropic resolution compared to conventional LGE imaging acquired in multiple breath-holds.Material &amp; MethodsThis was a retrospective, single-center study including 105 examinations of 101 patients (48.2 ± 16.8 years, 47 females). All patients underwent conventional breath-hold and 3D single-breath-hold (0.96 × 0.96 × 1.1 mm3 reconstructed voxel size, Compressed SENSE factor 6.5) LGE sequences at 1.5 T in clinical routine for the evaluation of ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Two radiologists independently evaluated the left ventricle (LV) for the presence of hyperenhancing lesions in each sequence, including localization and transmural extent, while assessing their scar edge sharpness (SES). Confidence of LGE assessment, image quality (IQ), and artifacts were also rated. The impact of LV ejection fraction (LVEF), heart rate, body mass index (BMI), and gender as possible confounders on IQ, artifacts, and confidence of LGE assessment was evaluated employing ordinal logistic regression analysis.ResultsUsing 3D single-breath-hold LGE readers detected more hyperenhancing lesions compared to conventional breath-hold LGE (n = 246 vs. n = 216 of 1,785 analyzed segments, 13.8% vs. 12.1%; p &lt; 0.0001), pronounced at subendocardial, midmyocardial, and subepicardial localizations and for 1%–50% of transmural extent. SES was rated superior in 3D single-breath-hold LGE (4.1 ± 0.8 vs. 3.3 ± 0.8; p &lt; 0.001). 3D single-breath-hold LGE yielded more artifacts (3.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.0 ± 3.8; p = 0.002) whereas IQ (4.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.2 ± 0.9; p = 0.122) and confidence of LGE assessment (4.3 ± 0.9 vs. 4.3 ± 0.8; p = 0.374) were comparable between both techniques. Female gender negatively influenced artifacts in 3D single-breath-hold LGE (p = 0.0028) while increased heart rate led to decreased IQ in conventional breath-hold LGE (p = 0.0029).ConclusionsIn clinical routine, Compressed SENSE accelerated 3D single-breath-hold LGE yields image quality and confidence of LGE assessment comparable to conventional breath-hold LGE while providing improved delineation of smaller LGE lesions with superior scar edge sharpness. Given the fast acquisition of 3D single-breath-hold LGE, the technique holds potential to drastically reduce the examination time of CMR.
Quality and quantity of data used by Health Canada in approving new drugs
Authors: Lexchin Joel 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundThis study examined multiple aspects about the approval of new drugs: the characteristics of the drugs, the quality and quantity of information that Health Canada discloses about the demographics of patients enrolled in clinical trials, the characteristics of the trial, and the type of review that it uses. It examines whether there have been changes in these measures between 1 September 2012 and 31 March 2022.MethodsA list of all new drugs approved, type of review used, and drug characteristics was generated from Health Canada annual reports. Therapeutic categories were identified from the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Drugs Statistics Methodology. The Summary Basis of Decision documents of Health Canada were used to identify patient demographics in clinical trials and clinical trial characteristics.ResultsHealth Canada approved 326 new drugs for 407 indications. The percent of orphan drugs approved increased from 35.6 to 51.3%. The number of indications per drug decreased (p = 0.0817) as did the number of pivotal trials per drug (p = 0.0091). The percent of Phase 3 trials dropped from 76.3% in 2012–2015 to 64.8% in 2019–2022 (p = 0.005). There was also a statistically significant decrease in the percent of trials that were randomized, controlled, and blinded. The clinical trial characteristics of orphan drugs and the type of review used were both significantly different compared with non-orphan drugs. The percent of trials which had information about the number of patients enrolled, the percent of trials that provided the age of the patients, and the sex breakdown all significantly increased.ConclusionThe results show that there has been a change in regulatory standards that may be due to them becoming less rigorous, because of an adaptation to the number of orphan drugs being submitted or a combination of both reasons. At the same time, there has been some improvement in the transparency of data. Health Canada has recently embarked on a series of reforms in drug regulation and clinical trial management. These changes need to be closely evaluated to be sure that they enhance the efficacy and safety of new drugs.
Insights into the composition and assembly mechanism of microbial communities on intertidal microsand grains
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhao Kun , Li Xuan , Xie Bin-Bin 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMarine microorganisms are essential in marine ecosystems and have always been of interest. Currently, most marine microbial communities are studied at the bulk scale (millimeters to centimeters), and the composition, function and underlying assembly mechanism of microbial communities at the microscale (sub-100 micrometers) are unclear.MethodsThe microbial communities on microsand grains (40–100 µm, n = 150) from marine sediment were investigated and compared with those on macrosand grains (400–1000 µm, n = 60) and bulk sediments (n = 5) using amplicon sequencing technology.ResultsThe results revealed a significant difference between microsand grains and macrosand grains. Microsand grains had lower numbers of operational taxonomic units (OTUs(97%)) and predicted functional genes than macrosand grains and bulk-scale samples. Microsand grains also showed greater intersample differences in the community composition and predicted functional genes than macrosand grains, suggesting a high level of heterogeneity of microbial communities at the microscale. Analyses based on ecological models indicated that stochastic processes dominated the assembly of microbial communities on sand grains. Consistently, cooccurrence network analyses showed that most microbial cooccurrence associations on sand grains were highly unstable. Metagenomic sequencing and further genome-scale metabolic modeling revealed that only a small number (1.3%) of microbe pairs showed high cooperative potential.DiscussionThis study explored the microbial community of marine sediments at the sub-100 µm scale, broadening the knowledge of the structure and assembly mechanism of marine microbial communities.
Case report: Recurrent cervical spinal stenosis masquerading as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome with orthostatic intolerance
Authors: Edwards Charles C. , Edwards Charles C. , Heinlein Scott , Rowe Peter C. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, chronic, multi-system disorder that is characterized by a substantial impairment in the activities that were well tolerated before the illness. In an earlier report, we had described three adult women who met criteria for ME/CFS and orthostatic intolerance, and had congenital or acquired cervical spinal stenosis. All three experienced substantial global improvements in their ME/CFS and orthostatic intolerance symptoms after recognition and surgical treatment of the cervical stenosis. After a several year period of improvement, one of the individuals in that series experienced a return of ME/CFS and orthostatic intolerance symptoms.Main symptoms and clinical findingsRadiologic investigation confirmed a recurrence of the ventral compression of the spinal cord due to a shift of the disc replacement implant at the involved cervical spinal level.Therapeutic interventionDecompression of the spinal cord with removal of the implant and fusion at the original C5-C6 level was once again followed by a similar degree of improvement in function as had been observed after the first operation.ConclusionThis recapitulation of the outcomes after surgical management of cervical stenosis provides further evidence in support of the hypothesis that cervical spinal stenosis can exacerbate pre-existing or cause new orthostatic intolerance and ME/CFS. Especially for those with refractory symptoms and neurological signs, surgical interventions may offer relief for selected patients with this complex condition.
Investigation of altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with bronchial asthma using the percent amplitude of fluctuation method: a resting-state functional MRI study
Authors: Wang Tao , Huang Xin , Dai Li-xue , Zhan Kang-min , Wang Jun 
Published: November 2023

PurposeTo explore the regions of aberrant spontaneous brain activity in asthma patients and their potential impacts using the Percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) analysis method.Patients and methodsIn this study, a total of 31 bronchial asthma (BA) patients were ultimately included, comprising 17 males and 14 females. Subsequently, 31 healthy control subjects (HCS) were recruited, consisting of 17 males and 14 females, and they were matched with the BA group based on age, sex, and educational status. The PerAF analysis technique was employed to study the differences in spontaneous brain activity between the two groups. The SPM12 toolkit was used to carry out a two sample t-test on the collected fMRI data, in order to examine the differences in PerAF values between the asthma patients and the healthy controls. We employed the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) to evaluate the cognitive and emotional states of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the relationship between changes in the PerAF values within specific brain regions and cognitive as well as emotional conditions.ResultsCompared with the healthy control group, areas of the brain with reduced PerAF in asthma patients included the inferior cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, right inferior orbital frontal gyrus, left middle orbital frontal gyrus, left/right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), dorsal lateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdl), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and left/right angular gyrus. BA patients exhibit mild cognitive impairments and a propensity for emotional disturbances. Furthermore, the perAF values of the SFGdl region are significantly positively correlated with the results of the MoCA cognitive assessment, while negatively correlated with the HAMD evaluation.ConclusionThrough the application of PerAF analysis methods, we discovered that several brain regions in asthma patients that control the amplitude of respiration, vision, memory, language, attention, and emotional control display abnormal changes in intrinsic brain activity. This helps characterize the neural mechanisms behind cognitive, sensory, and motor function impairments in asthma patients, providing valuable insights for potential therapeutic targets and disease management strategies.
Impact of a simplified treatment protocol for moderate acute malnutrition with a decentralized treatment approach in emergency settings of Niger
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Luis Javier , Charle-Cuéllar Pilar , Gado Abdoul Aziz , Dougnon Abdias Ogobara , Sanoussi Atté , Ousmane Nassirou , Lazoumar Ramatoulaye Hamidou , Toure Fanta , Vargas Antonio , Hernández Candela Lucía , López-Ejeda Noemí 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionOf the 45.4 million children under five affected by acute malnutrition in the world, the majority (31.8 million) are affected by moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). Its treatment is particularly complex in emergency settings such as the Diffa region in Niger. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and coverage of a simplified treatment protocol with Community Health Workers (CHWs) as treatment providers.MethodsThis study is a non-randomized controlled trial. The control group (n = 181) received the standard protocol currently used in country, delivered by nursing staff only in health centres and health posts, while the intervention group (n = 483) received the simplified protocol which included nursing at health centres and CHWs at health post as treatment providers.ResultsThe recovery rate was higher in the simplified protocol group (99.6% vs. 79.56%, p &lt; 0.001) recording lower time to recover and higher anthropometric gain. Treatment coverage in the intervention group increased from 28.8% to 84.9% and reduced in the control group (25.3% to 13.6%). No differences were found in the recovery rate of children treated by CHWs and nursing staff.ConclusionThe outcomes using the simplified protocol exceeded humanitarian requirements and demonstrated improvements compared to the standard protocol showing that the simplified protocol could be safely provided by CHWs in an emergency context. Further research in other contexts is needed to scale up this intervention.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the Ministry of Health restriction policy on seasonal antibiotic consumption trends in Saudi Arabia, 2016–2020
Authors: Alzahrani Khaloud O. , Alshahrani Saeed M. , Alajel Sulaiman M. 
Published: November 2023

Background: Understanding antibiotic consumption patterns over time is essential to optimize prescribing practices and minimizing antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to determine whether the antibiotics restriction policy launched by the Saudi Ministry of Health in April 2018 has impacted antibiotic use by assessing changes and seasonal variations following policy enforcement.Methods: Quarterly sales data of J01 antibacterial for systemic use in standard units were obtained from the IQVIA-MIDAS database, spanning from the first quarter of 2016 to the last quarter of 2020. Antibiotics consumption was measured in defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitant per day- in a quarter (DDDdq). A comparative analysis of antibiotic consumption pre- and post-policy periods introduction was conducted by computing the average consumption values for each period. Statistical comparison of the mean differences between the two periods were then made using independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U Test where needed. Time series analysis was employed to estimate the projected antibiotic consumption in the post-policy period if the restriction policy had not been implemented, which was then compared to actual consumption values to evaluate the effectiveness of the restriction policy.Results: During the pre-policy, there were seasonal trends of the total and oral antibiotic consumption through quarters, with higher consumption observed in the first and fourth quarters. In contrast, parenteral antibiotic consumption did not appear to follow a clear seasonal pattern. Following the restriction policy, there was a significant reduction in total and oral antibiotic use, with mean reductions of −96.9 DDDdq (p-value = 0.002) and −98 DDDdq (p-value = 0.002), respectively. Conversely, a significant increase in parenteral antibiotic consumption was observed with a mean increase of +1.4 DDDdq (p-value &lt; 0.0001). The comparison between the forecasted and actual models showed that the actual antibiotics consumption for total, oral, and parenteral were lower than the corresponding forecasted values by 30%, 31%, and 34%, respectively.Conclusion: Overall, our analysis of antibiotics consumption from 2016 to 2020 displays great success for the policy implemented by the Saudi Ministry of Health in significantly reducing the total and oral use of antibiotics. However, future studies are needed to explore the increased consumption of the parenteral antibiotics as well as the persistent high consumption patterns during the fall and winter months even after the implementation of the restriction policy.