bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lidian Jackson Emerson, “Transcendental Bible” (1841?)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
LIDIAN JACKSON EMERSON (1802–1892), Waldo’s second wife, married him in 1835. Waldo changed her name from “Lydia” to “Lidian” upon their marriage, probably because the New England pronunciation of “Lydia Emerson” was awkward. Although she was quoted by a friend as saying Unitarianism was “cold and hard, with scarcely a firmament above it,” she was more religiously orthodox than her husband, and often expressed her concern that he had strayed too far from traditional Christianity in his personal religious quest. Her humorous comments show her wariness about how the “higher” faculties of the Transcendentalists may be leaving the heart behind as their heads seek the clouds.
A. Bronson Alcott and Charles Lane, “Fruitlands” (July 1843)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
AFTER THE FAILURE of the Temple School, Alcott moved to Concord. In 1842, with the financial help of Emerson and other friends, he visited Ham Common in Surrey, England, where a group of reformers had started a school based in large part on Alcott’s principles. When he returned in October 1842, some of the English reformers returned with him. Charles Lane (1800 —3 1870) joined Alcott in lecturing and in other reform activities, culminating in their decision to start a communal experiment. Land was found in Harvard, Massachusetts, eighteen miles from Concord, and in June 1843, the Alcotts, Lane and his son, and a few others moved in to what was called Fruitlands. The project was a failure: Alcott and Lane knew little about farming and were out lecturing most of the time, leaving the women to do the work; they were impractical in such matters as not wanting to use animals to do the plowing (forcing them into involuntary servitude) or eating eggs (robbing the chicken of her young); and Lane had an ascetic view of life that did not mesh with Mrs. Alcott’s. The community broke up in January 1844, in part because of Lane’s attempts to convert Bronson to celibacy and his wife’s refusal to go along. Lane left to join the nearby Shaker community, while Alcott suffered a nervous collapse. In 1846, Lane returned to England. Louisa May Alcott’s fictional account of Fruitlands is in her story “Transcendental Wild Oats” (1873).
Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education: Constitution of the Brook Farm Association for Industry and Education, West Roxbury, Mass. With an Introductory Statement (1844)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
RIPLEY AND HIS WIFE, Sophia, had established Brook Farm at West Roxbury, near Boston, in April 1841 to, in his words, “establish a mode of life which shall combine the enchantments of poetry with the facts of daily experience.” To him, a literate idealism would be combined with practical, daily life in a shared, lived experience. In a letter resigning his ministry to take up Brook Farm, he articulates his difference from Transcendentalists such as Emerson who believe that the individual must be reformed before a successful attempt can be made at changing society: “The attention of some good men is directed chiefly to individual evils; they wish to improve private character without attacking social principles which obstruct all improvement; while the attention of other good men is directed to the evils of society; they think that private character suffers from public sins, and that, as we are placed in society by Providence, the advancement of society is our principal duty.”
Jones Very, “Nature,” “The Columbine,” “The New Birth,” “The Son,” “The Song,” “The Soldier of the Cross,” “The Dead,” “The Rail Road,” “The Graveyard,” “Flee to the Mountains,” “The Eagles,” “The Prisoner,” and “On Finding the Truth”
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nature, my love for thee is deeper far Than strength of words though spirit-born can tell; For while I gaze they seem my soul to bar, That in thy widening streams would onward swell Bearing thy mirrored beauty on my breast; Now through thy lonely haunts unseen to glide, A motion that scarce knows itself from rest, With pictured flowers and branches on its tide; Then by the noisy city’s frowning wall, Whose armed heights within its waters gleam, To rush with answering voice to ocean’s call And mingle with the deep its swoln stream; Whose boundless bosom’s calm alone can hold That heaven of glory in thy skies unrolled.
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Address at the Woman’s Rights Convention, 20 September 1855”
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
EMERSON DELIVERED THIS address before the Woman’s Rights Convention in Boston. If writers such as Fuller and Parker left no doubt about where they stood on the issue of woman’s emancipation and freedom, then Emerson seems more circumspect. Caroline Healey Dall, a former attendee at Fuller’s Conversations who was in the audience, praised Emerson for his “beautiful address,” though she also noted that “some of the papers thought it doubtful whether you were for us or against us”; and she was correct, for while the Liberator noted that Emerson’s address “gave the most intense satisfaction to the large audience,” the Boston Traveller concluded that, on the whole, “it told far more ‘against the cause’ than for it.”
Caroline Dall, from Transcendentalism in New England (1895)
Authors: Myerson Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
CAROLINE WELLS HEALEY BALL (1822-1912) first came into the Transcendentalist circle in 1841, when she attended Margaret Fuller’s Conversations (which she later described in Margaret and Her Friends [1895]). An author, lecturer, and reformer, she early came under Parker’s influence and throughout her life maintained friendships (often rocky ones) with most of the first-and second-generation Transcendentalists, describing their activities in articles, books, and her voluminous unpublished journals. Her memoir, a unique feminist perspective on the movement, is intended “to give a strong, impressive picture of a wonderful era in New England life,” and she frames Transcendentalism by arguing for its origins in Anne Hutchinson and its conclusion, sadly, as this: “I do not think I am mistaken in saying that what is meant by New England Transcendentalism perished with Margaret Fuller.”
Imagining Oneself Otherwise!
Authors: Mackenzie Catriona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the literature on autonomy, a few theorists have suggested in passing that imagination might play a role in autonomous reflection, deliberation, and action. In her account of autonomy competency, for example, Diana Meyers mentions imagination as one of the capacities involved in its exercise and suggests that one way in which autonomous agents can test and refine their self-portraits is through imaginative enactment. It has also been suggested that one way in which oppressive social relationships and institutions may impair autonomy is by restricting agents’ imaginative repertoires. Thus, Paul Benson writes that oppressive socialization “can erode competence at rational consideration by restricting persons’ capacities for imagining with sufficient sensitivity and seriousness major alterations in the prevalent gender system.”3 Aside from these few remarks, however, the possible relationship between the various activities of the imagination and the capacity for autonomy has not been the subject of serious investigation in the literature. When one reflects on the extent to which our waking mental life is taken up with different kinds of imaginative thought, this neglect is striking and rather puzzling. My conjecture is that this neglect is due to a tendency to think of critical reflection in overly rationalistic terms, at the expense of a recognition of the extent to which critical reflection can be prompted by the imagination and by emotion, desire, and bodily feelings.
1969–1970
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Theatregoers in 1969 seemed to be polarized into two extremes: those desperately trying to hold on to the old ways and those bored with the traditional and applauding anything different, irreverent, and outspoken. Of course, the same fragmentation could be seen in America in general as the war in Vietnam divided generations, neighbors, intellectuals, and, alas, theatre audiences. Established Broadway playgoers could support a traditional evening on Broadway if they could be assured of its entertainment value. And the avant-garde had Off Off Broadway, where they were guaranteed an experience that would not be conformist. This left Off Broadway as the only reasonable middle ground.
1990–1991
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Looking at the numbers, it seemed to be a dismal season for New York theatre. Only twelve new plays opened on Broadway (nine of them American) and forty-four off Broadway (all but four native works). Astonishingly, only one nonmusical revival was seen on the Street and a mere fifteen off. Attendance dropped an alarming 9 per cent on Broadway, much of the blame being put on the war in the Persian Gulf, which kept patrons home that winter watching coverage on CNN-TV.
1992–1993
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was certainly an American season in New York, with all but one of the new entries on Broadway and all but five off Broadway written by native playwrights. (All the Best Plays selections were American—the first time since the 1958–1959 season.) To add to all the Americana blossoming in New York, the Democratic National Convention in July seemed to overflow Madison Square Garden and affect the theatre district as well. The Clinton ticket made a point of more acceptance of gays (at least in terms of the military) and sought to restore the integrity of the National Endowment for the Arts.
1995–1996
Authors: Hischak Thomas S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The New York theatre season was getting shorter. Although it still officially started on June 1 and ran to May 31, in reality a large percentage of shows on Broadway were being crowded into March and April as producers hoped to cash in on the awards season. On March 1, 1996, sixteen of Broadway’s thirty-two houses were empty; by the end of April only four were dark. This annual blossoming of so much theatre in late spring was becoming an embarrassment of riches and made for some pretty sparse theatregoing during the earlier months.
Tectonics of the Mechanical Man
Authors: Kubrick Stanley 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stanley Kubrick aspired to be the novelist of American filmmakers. Not in the form and content of his work—though his films were almost all based on novels—but in the means of their production and of their creator’s life. After what he perceived as the personal disaster of Spartacus (1960), he left the United States, took up residence north of London, and worked independently, first with his producer, James Harris; then, when Harris left after setting up the production of Dr. Strangelove (1963), on his own.1 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) allowed him a margin of financial independence. The collapse of a planned production on Napoleon put that independence in question, but with the success of A Clockwork Orange (1971) he entered into an arrangement with Warner Bros., which allowed him to develop, write, produce, and edit his films without much consultation with the studio and with guaranteed distribution. All the films were made with a minimum of pre-release publicity and no public appearance by their director. Unwilling to fly, he had not been in the United States since the premier of 2001, and that isolation took a certain toll. His later films suffered from a certain cultural airlessness, and he seemed to have a great deal of trouble making them. Seven years passed between The Shining (1980) and Full Metal Jacket (1987, in which a North London gas works and imported palm trees stood in for Vietnam), eleven years until Eyes Wide Shut (1999, which had one of the longest shoots in history and in which stage sets stood for the streets of New York).
Complexity and Stability
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why are there so many species on coral reefs? What normally supports high species diversity? Are populations of species on coral reefs maintained in relative balance?1 Are periodic large disturbances part of the long—term ecological processes on coral reefs? These issues entangled the heart of the scientific debates over whether the crown—of—thorns infestations were natural or human—induced, what the effects of the infestations were, and what should be done about them. Two competing conceptions underlay the controversy.
Cyclical Outcries
Authors: Sapp Jan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef reached the newspapers in Aus—tralia in the early 1980s with new allegations of a conspiracy by the “authorities” to conceal the extent of starfish damage and their unwillingness to do anything about it.1 Such articles as “Reef Killer Plague,” and “Re—· turn of the Coral Killers,” informed readers that the second major plague, possibly worse than the first, was “being covered up by a combination of silence and ignorance.” 2 The Melbourne newspaper, The Age, raised the question: ‘‘Are we heading for The Great Barren Reef?”3 There were renewed claims that tourist operators were trying to keep the public in the dark about the new “plague”—of”monumental proportions … so big it makes your mind boggle.”4 Endean reportedly stated that “nobody is say ing anything because they don’t want to stir the possum—I would say this present infestation is much worse than the first one.” At the same time other marine ecologists told reporters they were reluctant to become involved because of the political aspects.
Peifectionism
Authors: Bernstein Mark H 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Let us return to the Nozick/Kane thought experiments and remind ourselves that they contain the seeds for a theory of welfare distinct not only from experientialism but from the desire account as well. I have argued at some length that, although the figure of the experience machine may be successful in showing that nonexperiential items matter to us or have value for us, the somewhat natural inclination to thereby adopt a desire theory of welfare, a theory that tells us that the valuable is made valuable in virtue of our desires, should be resisted. The “perfectionist theory of welfare” or, more simply, “perfectionism,” removes the constitutive power from desires and replaces it with, at most, a merely identificatory efficacy. Although examination of our desires may provide a good, or perhaps even infallible, indication of what items have value for us, the desires, themselves, have no efficacy in conferring value.
Sight-Singing Lesson Models
Authors: Demorest Steven M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents lesson models for choral singers who possess varying degrees of skill. It is organized sequentially, from prenotational to advanced readers. The sight-singing system presented with each lesson varies (numbers, movable “do,” fixed “do”), not because the lesson requires it but to illustrate that any sight-singing system can be used. All of the lessons are designed to be presented as an activity separate from the rehearsal of the literature. Integrating sight-singing into rehearsal will be the topic of chapter 5.
The Narcotic Clinic Era
Authors: Musto David F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dr. Terry’s narcotic clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, may have been the first one established in the United States by a government agency, but it is likely that some arrangements for collective care of a locality’s addicts had been made before that time. Poor addicts were the chief clients for clinics; those who preferred not to publicize their addiction could get their drugs more expensively elsewhere-legally and without much difficulty until about 1919. The clinic for addicts was an extension of the program of clinics set up by health departments to treat tuberculosis, mental illness, or syphilis. Some narcotic clinics were part of a general health clinic; others were separate and specialized.
The Return of Drug Toleration, 1965–1985
Authors: Musto David F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Gradually, at times imperceptibly, in the years after World War I, use of narcotics in the United States declined. The nadir was reached during World War II; not only had usage gone down prior to those hostilities, but it declined even further as the disruption of international transportation cut down on supplies. From being easily available and commonly used, heroin, morphine and cocaine almost faded out of nonmedical situations: when someone was caught with drugs, the event elicited headlines and comment. Once commonplace, narcotics use waned into little more than rumors about this physician or that movie star. Personal knowledge of a “dope fiend” was unusual for the vast majority of Americans by the 1950s.
The Dynamics of Narcotic Control
Authors: Musto David F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
American concern with narcotics is more than a medical or legal problem-it is in the fullest sense a political problem. The energy that has given impetus to drug control and prohibition came from profound tensions among socio-economic groups, ethnic minorities, and generations-as well as the psychological attraction of certain drugs. The form of this control has been shaped by the gradual evolution of constitutional law and the lessening limitation of federal police powers. The bad results of drug use and the number of drug users have often been exaggerated for partisan advantage. Public demand for action against drug abuse has led to regulative decisions that lack a true regard for the reality of drug use. Relations with foreign nations, often the sources of the drugs, have been a theme in the domestic scene from the beginning of the American antinarcotic movement. Narcotics addiction has proven to be one of the most intractable medical inquiries ever faced by American clinicians and scientists. Disentangling the powerful factors which create the political issue of drug abuse may help put the problem in better perspective.
Decision-making under Moral Uncertainty
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What shall I do when I am uncertain what I morally ought to do? Philosophers have paid little attention to this sort of question. Yet moral uncertainty lurks in the background of many of our moral decisions. And given the notorious difficulty of answering moral questions, moral uncertainty is often fitting and proper. It is not difficult to find reputable ethicists and plausible arguments on opposite sides of important ethical issues. In fact, certainty about the moral propriety of one’s actions may betray one’s philosophical naivete or, worse, an attitude of narrow-mindedness or fanaticism. This is true not only of highly conspicuous moral controversies, such as those about abortion, physician-assisted suicide, sexual behavior, capital punishment, and so on. A heightened sensitivity to moral considerations may produce a realization that their scope is much broader than we formerly appreciated. We may come to understand that they extend even to our decisions about how we shall use the time and resources at our disposal. At this moment, instead of writing this page, I could be collecting donations for a Third World relief organization or teaching an illiterate person to read.
Shall I Act Supererogatorily?
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is an important criticism of my approach to moral decision-making, which is embodied in PR4 and PRS, that I have yet to consider. PR4 and PRS advise us always to do the best that we can, morally speaking, when we are not sure of the moral rightness of any of our options. Doing the best that we can, I have argued, amounts to maximizing the expected moral rightness of our actions. However, some ethicists contend that morality itself does not require us always to do the best that we can. And some make the same claim about rationality-that it at least sometimes happens that we can act rationally without maximizing intrinsic value (for oneself or others) or anything else. We must draw a distinction. it is argued, between what morality or rationality requires of us and what goes beyond those requirements. Acts that go “beyond the call of duty “ are said to be supererogatory. In order to distinguish between duty and supererogation, it is claimed, we must observe limits on duty and not think of duty as always maximizing or optimizing with respect to some desirable quantity.
Long-Run Morality
Authors: Lockhart Ted 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The decisions that I make today often affect what decisions I shall make tomorrow. For example, if I decide not to go to work today, tomorrow I shall have to decide how to dispatch the tasks that accumulated in my absence. In general, the decisions that we make in the short run often determine to a significant degree the decisions that we shall face in the long run. My present decision whether to become an engineer or a lawyer, assuming that I maintain it, may determine a decade from now whether my decisions then will affect public safety in a significant way or will enable some injured party to obtain just compensation.
Is There Evidence Supporting Moral Relativism?
Authors: Cook John W 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We turn now to the claim that the truth of moral relativism has been established by data anthropologists have gathered by studying various cultures. This means, of course, that until someone had done the relevant research, it was not known that morality is relative. Our investigation, therefore, must proceed with the following idea: There was a time at which an anthropologist was not yet a relativist, then he came upon some ethnographic data that led him to conclude that morality is relative. So we need to ask: What sort of data might that have been? What sort of discovery could persuade someone who is not yet a relativist that moral relativism is true? One thing we already know is that the data we are looking for supposedly show that there are different moralitiesamong the world’s various cultures.
Mom, Dad, Clone: Implications for Reproductive Privacy
Authors: Andrews Lori 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On July 5, 1996, a sheep named Dolly was born in Scot- land, the result of the transfer of the nucleus of an adult mammary tissue cell to the enucleated egg cell of an unrelated sheep, and gestation in a third, surrogate mother sheep. Although for the past ten years scientists have routinely cloned sheep and cows from embryo cells, this was the first cloning experiment which apparently succeeded using the nucleus of an adult cell.
First Dolly, Now Polly: Policy Implications of the Birth of a Transgenic Cloned Lamb
Authors: Bonnicksen Andrea L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For all the attention given to Dolly, the first mammal cloned from a differentiated adult somatic cell, the real prize for scientists was Polly, a lamb cloned from sheep fetal cells who has a human gene in every cell of her body. Polly symbolizes potentially lucrative interventions in which cloning is a mechanism for efﬁciently modifying the genomes of animals for human medicine and commerce. She was what researchers wanted all along: a mammal for whom cloning facilitated genetic engineering. To the scientists who enabled her conception, Polly was the “true goal” and Dolly was a mere “detour.”