bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bank slope and ambient groundwater discharge on hyporheic transport and biogeochemical reactions in a compound channel
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Xiao Yang , Gualtieri Carlo , Yuan Saiyu , Jiang Qihao , Jin Guangqiu , Zhang Taotao , Zhou Jian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAs floodplains are inundated during floods in a compound channel, solutes in the surface water column reach the hyporheic zone and react with solutes upwelled from the groundwater. These biogeochemical reactive processes, such as aerobic respiration, nitrification, and denitrification, need more clarification. In this study, a 3D hydrodynamic model combined with a 2D groundwater and biogeochemical model was used to examine the influence of bank slope angle and ambient groundwater discharge on these processes. A denitrification zone was found under the interface between the main channel and the floodplain when the bank slope angle was 90°, while lower angles extended that zone horizontally. In addition, a lower bank angle decreased N entry into the streambed and enhanced nitrogen removal. A decrease in ambient groundwater had a negative impact on both aerobic respiration and denitrification. When the ambient groundwater discharge reached below −0.9 m/d, nitrification was dominant in the model domain, and the hyporheic zone turned into a NO3− source. The greatest removal efficiency, equal to 0.8, was attained at a discharge rate of −0.5 m/d for ambient groundwater and a bank slope angle of 30°. The hyporheic zone should lose its ability to remove N when ambient groundwater discharges exceed 0.25 m/d and removal efficiency fluctuates by 0. In conclusion, our findings indicate that bank slope angle and ambient groundwater discharge have a substantial impact on solute transport and biogeochemical activities in the hyporheic zone of a compound channel.
Quantifying modeling uncertainties in seismic analysis of dams: Insights from an international benchmark study
Authors: Hariri‐Ardebili Mohammad Amin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAdvances in nonlinear dynamic analysis of dams have not completely resolved concerns over modeling confidence and analysis accuracy. Verification and validation offer accuracy assessment, but uncertainties persist during performance evaluation due to both epistemic (modeling) and aleatory (parametric) sources. Epistemic uncertainties arise from simplifications and modeling techniques. This paper addresses epistemic uncertainties in a gravity dam seismic analysis using data from the International Comnission on Large Dams (ICOLD) benchmark study. While the benchmark formulation included the finite element model of the dam, mechanical material properties, and dynamic loads, participants retained the flexibility to opt for best‐practice modeling assumptions, simplifications, and other specifics. Notable response variability emerged, particularly in crack profiles and damage predictions. This study examines sources of variability, quantifying modeling uncertainty for the benchmark problem. More specifically, the modeling variability is quantified using the logarithmic standard deviation, also known as dispersion. This metric enables its incorporation into other seismic risk assessment and fragility studies. Under relatively low‐intensity motion (peak ground acceleration [PGA] of 0.18 g in this case), modeling dispersion of 0.45, 0.30, 0.32, and 0.30 were calculated for the maximum dynamic crest displacement, maximum hydrodynamic pressure at the heel, heel and crest maximum acceleration, respectively. Additionally, the dispersion of the failure PGA was determined to be 0.7. Findings underscore the need for systematic seismic response modeling in dam engineering to enhance prediction accuracy. A better understanding of the sources and magnitudes of modeling uncertainties can help improve the reliability of dam seismic analysis and contribute to the development of more effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies.
Soft‐sphere continuum solvation models for nonaqueous solvents
Authors: Si Pradip , Jayanth Ajay , Andreussi Oliviero 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSolvation effects profoundly influence the characteristics and behavior of chemical systems in liquid solutions. The interaction between solute and solvent molecules intricately impacts solubility, reactivity, stability, and various chemical processes. Continuum solvation models gained prominence in quantum chemistry by implicitly capturing these interactions and enabling efficient investigations of diverse chemical systems in solution. In comparison, continuum solvation models in condensed matter simulation are very recent. Among these, the self‐consistent continuum solvation (SCCS) and the soft‐sphere continuum solvation models (SSCS) have been among the first to be successfully parameterized and extended to model periodic systems in aqueous solutions and electrolytes. As most continuum approaches, these models depend on a number of parameters that are linked to experimental or theoretical properties of the solvent, or that can be tuned based on reference data. Here, we present a systematic parameterization of the SSCS model for over 100 nonaqueous solvents. We validate the model's efficacy across diverse solvent environments by leveraging experimental solvation‐free energies and partition coefficients from comprehensive databases. The average root means square error over all the solvents was calculated as 0.85 kcal/mol which is below the chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mol). Similarly to what has been reported by Hille et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2019, 150, 041710.) for the SCCS model, a single‐parameter model accurately reproduces experimental solvation energies, showcasing the transferability and predictive power of these continuum approaches. Our findings underscore the potential for a unified approach to predict solvation properties, paving the way for enhanced computational studies across various chemical environments.
How much magnesium sulfate is needed to “keep total serum magnesium above 2.0 mg/dL”?
Authors: Kwon JooEun , Lucas Brian P. , Evans Arthur T. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor patients at increased risk of life‐threating ventricular arrythmias, hospitalists often administer intravenous magnesium sulfate to maintain total serum magnesium concentration (TsMg) above 2 mg/dL. How long each dose keeps TsMg above this threshold is not well known, however. We collected TsMg values from 12,618 veterans who were given 24,363 doses of intravenous magnesium sulfate during 14,901 hospitalizations for acute heart failure. Across dose amounts, the average TsMg dropped below 2.0 mg/dL within 24 h of administration. When we limited our analysis to 2 g doses (the most common dose) and adjusted for baseline TsMg, estimated glomerular filtration rate, oral magnesium supplementation, and loop diuretic dosing, we found that less than half of the adjusted TsMg values remained above 2.0 mg/dL just 12 h after dose administration. Hospitalists should expect, on average, to administer 2 g intravenous magnesium sulfate at least twice daily to maintain total serum magnesium above 2 mg/dL.
Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale improve obesity‐induced insulin resistance through the gut microbiota and the SOCS3‐mediated insulin receptor substrate‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Wei , Tan Jin , Zhang Jiacheng , Deng Xin , He Xinyue , Zhang Jin , Liu Tong , Sun Rong , Sun Mengxun , Chen Kuo , Xu Tingjia , Yan Yuling , Moazzami Ali , Wu E‐Jiao , Zhan Jiasui , Hu Binhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDObesity induces insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, impacting human health. The relationship between obesity, gut microbiota, and regulatory mechanisms has been studied extensively. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, potentially reduces insulin resistance. However, the mechanism through which DOP affects gut microbiota and alleviates obesity‐induced insulin resistance in rats requires further investigation.RESULTSThe current study aimed to assess the impact of DOP on gut microbiota and insulin resistance in rats on a high‐fat diet. The results revealed that DOP effectively reduced blood lipids, glucose disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of obese Sprague Dawley rats. This was achieved by downregulating SOCS3 expression and upregulating insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) by regulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS3 signaling pathway. Notably, DOP intervention enhanced the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and reduced harmful microbiota. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations among intestinal microbiota, SOCS3‐mediated IRS‐1 expression, and inflammatory factors.CONCLUSIONDendrobium officinale polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota, enhanced IRS‐1 expression, and mitigated liver injury and insulin resistance due to a high‐fat diet. These findings depict the potential anti‐insulin resistance properties of DOP and offer further evidence for addressing obesity and its complications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessing the vulnerability trifecta: species, climate, and anthropogenic pressures on protected areas of the Central Indian Highlands
Authors: Singh Manpreet , Moharir Kanak 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEfficient management of protected areas (PAs) is important to ensure conservation and long‐term sustenance of threatened species. It is therefore essential to understand the vulnerability of PAs in a multi‐pronged approach by considering the cumulative effects of species, climatic, and anthropogenic attributes. We assessed the overall vulnerability of PAs in the Central Indian Highlands (CIH), which is a landscape of high biodiversity value. Over 81% of PAs experienced medium to high vulnerability due to anthropogenic pressures, and 68.75% of PAs faced medium to high vulnerability due to climate change and conservation status of species within the PA. Our categorization of PAs revealed that 50% of PAs were vulnerable to all 3 attributes. Further, there was a strong correlation between species and anthropogenic vulnerability indices in the PAs of the CIH landscape. Our results may help local policy makers in prioritizing the optimal and cost‐effective conservation management of existing PAs, which can be extended for cost‐effectiveness and efficient resource allocation of PAs, through this multipronged approach, beyond the CIH landscape.
Not all sanctuaries are created equal: variation in protected area selection by wintering mallards
Authors: Dittmer Ethan M. , Askren Ryan J. , Hagy Heath M. , Hitchcock Jay , Osborne Douglas C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPublic lands managed for wildlife frequently provide various forms of sanctuary to increase residency times and allow access to energetic and other habitat resources for waterfowl. The influence of sanctuary type and disturbance regime on resource use and fine‐scale movements of waterfowl has not been investigated extensively using currently available transmitter technologies. We examined mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) use of various types of waterfowl sanctuary and non‐sanctuary areas in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region of eastern Arkansas, USA, during winters of 2019–2021. We deployed 105 global positioning system transmitters on mallards at 4 closed‐access spatial sanctuaries on or adjacent to Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge. We used hourly transmitter locations to examine mallard use of public sanctuary areas, public hunt areas, and private lands using integrated step selection analysis. Public sanctuary areas provided varying levels of protected status, public hunt areas allowed for varying levels of hunting intensity by duck hunters, and private lands were open to waterfowl hunting and other forms of private uses but may or may not have been hunted at any specific frequency. Mallards selected spatial sanctuary and avoided public hunt areas, other sanctuary types, and private lands during the day. In contrast, mallards selected for private lands over spatial sanctuary at night. Mallards tended to avoid areas that allowed duck hunting or used them during the night when risk of harvest mortality was removed. After the hunting season closed, mallards began using areas that previously allowed duck hunting during the day, suggesting that risk was the primary factor influencing site use. Moreover, mallards were 1.6 times more likely to use public daily hunt areas and 2.1 times more likely to use private lands potentially open to hunting during the day than spatial sanctuary 2 weeks after the close of duck hunting season in February. Spatial sanctuaries appear more effective in influencing mallard use than temporal sanctuaries or inviolate sanctuaries, which are commonly used by state and federal agencies. Partial daily, daily, or activity‐specific (e.g., no hunting past noon, no hunting 3 days/week, no waterfowl hunting) closures to encourage mallard use of temporal sanctuaries do not appear to reduce the perceived harvest‐related risk to mallards enough for them to view these areas as accessible or significantly increase their use.
The Minimal Important Difference of Acoustic Voice Quality Index in the Treatment of Voice Disorders
Authors: Hosokawa Kiyohito , Iwahashi Toshihiko , Iwahashi Mio , Iwaki Shinobu , Yoshida Misao , Kitayama Itsuki , Miyauchi Akira , Ogawa Makoto , Inohara Hidenori 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesThe acoustic voice quality index (AVQI) is a reliable tool that objectively assesses dysphonia levels using six acoustic parameters. Despite its high criterion‐related concurrent validity, diagnostic accuracy, and minimal detectable change derived from test–retest reliability, the minimal important difference (MID) of the AVQI has not been tested before. This study aimed to estimate the MIDs of AVQI for improvement audibly perceived by clinicians and self‐reported improvement by patients.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 110 patients who received treatment for voice disorders. Patients completed AVQI and Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) questionnaires before and after the therapy. The MIDs of the AVQI were estimated using the anchor of either auditory–perceptual judgment of total dysphonia levels by clinicians or the VHI‐10 questionnaire by patients. A distribution‐based approach was also used to complement the results.ResultsFirst, using the auditory–perceptual anchor, a decrease of 0.95 in the AVQI was estimated as the MID for clinicians' perception, as a result of the receiver operating curve. Then, using the patient‐reported anchor, an improvement of 1.36 in the AVQI was estimated as the MID for patients' voice‐related disability. The distribution‐based approach also ensured the anchor‐based results of both the MIDs.ConclusionsThe AVQI is a reliable and valid tool for evaluating voice quality, and a 0.95 decrease in the AVQI represents a meaningful improvement for clinicians' perception, whereas a 1.36 decrease in the AVQI influences patients' self‐reported disability. This study contributes to understanding the minimal change necessary for clinicians to make informed decisions and ensure patient satisfaction.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:2805–2811, 2024
Single‐use versus reusable rhinolaryngoscopes for inpatient otorhinolaryngology consults: Resident and patient experience
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , Macielak Robert James , Fussell Wanda , Yeakel Sarah , McMillan Ryan , Goates Andrew , Awadallah Andrew , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesSingle‐use rhinolaryngoscopes were brought to market in 2019 as an alternative to traditional reusable scopes and have garnered interest across settings given portability and potential cost advantages. While single‐use was previously evaluated compared to traditional devices, the overall impact to the consult experience for both users and patients has not been captured.MethodsEighteen residents performed consults with both single‐use and reusable rhinolaryngoscope systems on alternating weeks. A five‐question cumulative survey administered across three assessment points over a 12‐week period using a five‐point rating system to rate favorability. Residents and patients also completed four‐point scale surveys following procedure(s) to capture the consult experience. Statistical analyses were performed to measure significance differences between survey responses between the two systems.ResultsSingle‐use rhinolaryngoscopes received higher overall ratings compared with reusables across each metric captured including overall consult time (4.3 vs. 2.2, p < .001), multiscope consults (4.4 vs. 3.1, p < .001), patient communication (4.6 vs. 2.1, p < .001), teaching opportunities (4.6 vs. 2.1, p < .001), and overall ease of use (4.7 vs. 2.6, p < .001). Residents rated single‐use higher than reusable after each procedure in terms of ease of use (1.07 vs. 2.68, p < .001) and visual clarity (1.27 vs. 1.89, p = .003), while patients rated single‐use higher for understanding of illness (3.9 vs. 3.1, p < .001) and understanding of treatment rationale (3.9 vs. 3.1, p < .001).ConclusionResident and patient experience feedback favored single‐use rhinolaryngoscopes compared to reusable scope technology across multiple surveyed measurables. Single‐use rhinolaryngoscopes provide a viable tool for otorhinolaryngologist and other clinicians to perform rhinolaryngoscopy consults.Level of Evidence4.
Recycling and deposition of inorganic carbon from calcium carbonate encrustations of charophytes
Authors: Strzałek Małgorzata , Kufel Lech , Apolinarska Karina , Becher Marcin , Biardzka Elżbieta , Brzozowski Michał , Kiełczewski Rafał , Kowalewski Grzegorz , Pukacz Andrzej , Woszczyk Michał , Pełechaty Mariusz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany aquatic primary producers can use bicarbonates as a carbon source for photosynthesis. Charophytes of the two genera: Chara and Nitellopsis are quite efficient in this process. Some species of these macroalgae produce carbonate encrustations, mainly calcium carbonate, constituting up to 86% of the summer maximum dry weight of the standing crop. In this study, we analyzed the fate of inorganic carbon accumulated this way in Chara spp. and Nitellopsis obtusa from six Polish lakes located in two regions (warmer W Poland and cooler NE Poland). Our study distinguished two groups of charophyte species that differed in the way of CaCO3 release from their summer standing crops. On average, the corticate Chara rudis and C. tomentosa belonging to the first group were less efficient in depositing CaCO3 from summer to autumn than the less corticate C. contraria and ecorticate N. obtusa of the second group. The latter two species were more efficient in inorganic carbon burial in sediments. On the contrary, dissolution of encrustation was more typical of the first species group and was facilitated by decreasing the pH and saturation index of calcite in lake water. The final output of CaCO3 loss mainly resulted from combined species‐specific features, lake water properties and overwintering patterns. Our study revealed that inorganic carbon cycling through charophytes involves burial and dissolution and is more complex than previously thought.
Safety and Efficacy of IPX203 in Parkinson's Disease: The RISE‐PD Open‐Label Extension Study
Authors: Espay Alberto J. , Hauser Robert A. , Dhall Rohit , Thakkar Sandeep , Cloud Leslie , Zeitlin Leonid , Banisadr Ghazal , Fisher Stanley , Visser Hester 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIPX203 is a novel oral extended‐release formulation of carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) developed to address the short half‐life of immediate‐release CD/LD. In the phase 3 RISE‐PD trial, IPX203 significantly improved “Good On” time in patients with Parkinson's disease compared with immediate‐release CD/LD.ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of IPX203 in an open‐label extension of the pivotal phase 3 study.MethodsThis 9‐month extension enrolled patients who completed the randomized, double‐blind trial. Key efficacy endpoints included Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and Patient and Clinical Global Impression scores. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsImprovements in efficacy were maintained and dosing frequency and total daily dose remained stable through the trial. A total of 52.7% of patients experienced ≥1 treatment‐emergent AE, mostly mild or moderate and occurred within the first 90 days of treatment.ConclusionsIn this phase 3 open‐label extension, IPX203 exhibited a favorable safety and tolerability profile and sustained efficacy of comparable magnitude to the end of the double‐blind study. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Novel compound heterozygous mutations of the FBP1 gene in a patient with hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis: A case report
Authors: Xin Bin , Chen Haiming , Liu Tianyi , Wu Yue , Hu Qingyang , Dong Xue , Li Zhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency, caused by an FBP1 mutation, is an autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder characterized by impaired gluconeogenesis. Due to the rarity of FBPase deficiency, the mechanism by which the mutations cause enzyme activity loss still remains unclear.MethodsWe report a pediatric patient with typical FBPase deficiency who presented with hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperuricemia. Whole‐exome sequencing was used to search for pathogenic genes, Sanger sequencing was used for verification, and molecular dynamic simulation was used to evaluate how the novel mutation affects FBPase activity and structural stability.ResultsDirect and allele‐specific sequence analysis of the FBP1 gene (NM_000507) revealed that the proband had a compound heterozygote for the c. 490 (exon 4) G>A (p. G164S) and c. 861 (exon 7) C>A (p. Y287X, 52), which he inherited from his carrier parents. His father and mother had heterozygous G164S and Y287X mutations, respectively, without any symptoms of hypoglycemia.ConclusionOur results broaden the known mutational spectrum and possible clinical phenotype of FBP1.