bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of
Streptococcus bovis
Endocarditis Cases from 1975 to 1985 by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis
Authors: Herrero Inmaculada A. , Rouse Mark S. , Piper Kerryl E. , Alyaseen Samer A. , Steckelberg James M. , Patel Robin 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Studies that detected an association between
Streptococcus bovis
endocarditis and colon carcinoma have not taken into account the recently identified genetic diversity among organisms historically classified as
S. bovis
. With near full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis, organisms cultured from the blood of endocarditis patients at the Mayo Clinic from 1975 to 1985 and previously identified as
S. bovis
or streptococcus group D nonenterococci were shown to represent
S. bovis
biotypes I (11 isolates) and II/2 (1 isolate),
S. salivarius
(1 isolate), and
S. macedonicus
(1 isolate). Two of the
S. bovis
biotype I cases were associated with colon cancer. Whether
S. bovis
biotype II or other organisms closely related to and historically identified as
S. bovis
(e.g.,
S. macedonicus
) are associated with malignant (or premalignant) colon lesions in humans remains to be definitively determined.
Use of Spoligotyping for Accurate Classification of Recurrent Tuberculosis
Authors: Warren R. M. , Streicher E. M. , Charalambous S. , Churchyard G. , van der Spuy G. D. , Grant A. D. , van Helden P. D. , Victor T. C. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

The spoligotyping method has become an important tool for the tracking of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains in different epidemiological settings. In this study, we demonstrate the ability of the spoligotyping technique to accurately determine the pathogenetic mechanism of recurrent disease. This methodology has advantages over conventional restriction fragment length polymorphism methods which may be useful in large- scale intervention studies.
Longitudinal Quantitative Detection by Real-Time PCR of
Mycoplasma genitalium
in First-Pass Urine of Men with Recurrent Nongonococcal Urethritis
Authors: Deguchi Takashi , Yoshida Takashi , Yokoi Shigeaki , Ito Masayasu , Tamaki Masayoshi , Ishiko Hiroaki , Maeda Shin-Ichi 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

By using a TaqMan assay we monitored longitudinal changes in
Mycoplasma genitalium
loads in five men with recurrent
M. genitalium
-positive nongonococcal urethritis. We observed regrowth of
M. genitalium
persisting in hosts after treatment and a possible association of the increase in the
M. genitalium
load with emergence of symptoms and signs of nongonococcal urethritis in four of these patients.
Molecular Detection of Human Calicivirus among Spanish Children with Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Roman E. , Negredo A. , Dalton R. M. , Wilhelmi I. , Sánchez-Fauquier A. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted among Spanish children with gastroenteritis treated in an emergency room. Reverse transcription-PCR with specimens negative for other enteric pathogens was used. The minimum incidence of human calicivirus infection was 7.7%, with Lordsdale as the predominant genotype. The clinical features and severity of calicivirus and rotavirus were similar.
High Prevalence of
cagA
- and
babA2-
Positive
Helicobacter pylori
Clinical Isolates in Taiwan
Authors: Lai Chih-Ho , Kuo Chun-Hsien , Chen Ya-Chi , Chao Fang-Yu , Poon Sek-Kwong , Chang Chi-Sen , Wang Wen-Ching 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Two virulence markers,
cagA
and
babA2
, were characterized by PCR in 101
Helicobacter pylori
isolates from a population in Taiwan.
cagA
was detected in 99% of the isolates, while
babA2
was present in all of the isolates. Base deletions and substitutions at the forward
babA2
primer annealing sites were found. Given their high prevalence,
cagA
and
babA2
cannot be useful markers for predicting the high-risk patients of
H. pylori
infection in Taiwan.
Stability of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined with the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR Test, Version 1.5 (Ultrasensitive)
Authors: Singer Elyse J. , Aronow H. Aaron , Lee Shing-Yi , Hinkin Charles H. , Lazarus Tadd 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
We evaluated the effects of time, temperature, freezing, and thawing on the cerebrospinal fluid viral load by using the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test, version 1.5 (ultrasensitive). While a statistically significant decrease from the baseline was observed at 24 h, but not at 6 or 12 h, and with one freeze-thaw cycle, all changes were within the range of intra-assay variability.
Rate of Virological Treatment Failure and Frequencies of Drug Resistance Genotypes among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy in Spain
Authors: Gallego Oscar , Ruíz Lidia , Vallejo Alex , Clotet Bonaventura , Leal Manuel , Soriano Vincent 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT
The knowledge of which drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genotypes are the most prevalent in a community may be helpful for designing the best salvage regimens. A total of 540 individuals on antiretroviral therapy attending 18 different outclinics in Spain were examined in a cross-sectional study conducted during June 2000. The overall rate of virologic failure (>50 HIV RNA copies/ml) was 54%. Among the subjects showing treatment failure, 79% harbored resistant HIV genotypes, 77% showed resistance to nucleoside analogues, 53% showed resistance to protease inhibitors, and 42% showed resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Overall, 78.5% of individuals harbored HIV strains which showed resistance to two or more drug classes. Moreover, nucleotide substitutions causing broad cross-resistance among compounds within each drug family were quite common. These findings suggest that drug resistance mutations are very prevalent among subjects who have experienced several treatment failures. Therefore, facilitating the arrival of compounds belonging to new drug classes should be considered a priority.
Isolation of
Buttiauxella gaviniae
from a Spinal Cord Patient with Urinary Bladder Pathology
Authors: De Baere Thierry , Wauters Georges , Kämpfer Peter , Labit Caroline , Claeys Geert , Verschraegen Gerda , Vaneechoutte Mario 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

A gram-negative
Buttiauxella gaviniae
-like organism (LBV449) was isolated from a urine sample of a patient suffering from urine bladder pathology and neurological problems. The isolate was positive for adonitol fermentation and
l
-arginine dihydrolase and negative for melibiose and
l
-ornithine decarboxylase. The API 20E code was 3004113. Retrospectively, another isolate (ENT107), from a leg wound, was recovered from our collections and was shown to have similar biochemical characteristics. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 77% similarity between both strains, and strain LBV449 revealed 74% DNA-DNA similarity to the type strain of
B. gaviniae
. Neither 16S rRNA gene sequencing nor fatty acid analysis were useful for identification. The characteristic tRNA-PCR patterns obtained for these two clinical isolates consisted of fragments with lengths of 102.2, 105.4, 116.6, and 136.9 bp and most resembled the tRNA-PCR pattern obtained for
B. gaviniae
, but they lacked the
B. gaviniae
fragments of 88.2 and 239.5 bp. To our knowledge, no clinical cases with
Buttiauxella
strains have been described thus far.
Dialister pneumosintes
Associated with Human Brain Abscesses
Authors: Rousée J. M. , Bermond D. , Piémont Y. , Tournoud C. , Heller R. , Kehrli P. , Harlay M. L. , Monteil H. , Jaulhac B. 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

In this report, we review two cases of brain infection due to
Dialister pneumosintes
in previously healthy patients. The bacterium was isolated from the first patient by blood culture and directly from a brain abscess in the second patient. In both cases, the infection was suspected to be of nasopharyngeal or dental origin. The patients had favorable outcomes following surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment. After in vitro amplification and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, two strains were classified as
D. pneumosintes
. However, traditional biochemical tests were not sufficient to identify the bacteria. In addition to causing periodontal and opportunistic infections,
D. pneumosintes,
contained in mixed flora, may behave as a clinically important pathogen, especially in the brain. In addition to phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA partial sequencing was used to identify
D. pneumosintes
definitively.
Japanese Spotted Fever Involving the Central Nervous System: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Authors: Araki Manabu , Takatsuka Katsuya , Kawamura Junichiro , Kanno Yuko 
Published: September 2002

ABSTRACT

Japanese spotted fever (JSF), first reported in 1984, is a rickettsial disease caused by
Rickettsia japonica
. Until now, affliction of the central nervous system has been rarely reported. Here we report two cases of JSF associated with a central nervous system disorder such as meningoencephalitis.
Physiological characteristics of junior and senior rugby league players
Authors: Gabbett T J 
Published: September 2002

Objectives:To investigate the physiological characteristics of subelite junior and senior rugby league players and establish performance standards for these athletes.Methods:A total of 159 junior (under 16, 15, 14, and 13, n = 88) and senior (first grade, second grade, and under 19, n = 71) rugby league players (forwards, n = 80, backs, n = 79), competing at a subelite level, underwent measurements of body mass, muscular power (vertical jump), speed (10 m, 20 m, and 40 m sprint), agility (Illinois agility run), and estimated maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test). Data were also collected on match and training frequency and playing experience.Results:There was a significant effect (p<0.05) of age and playing level on playing experience, body mass, muscular power, speed, agility, and estimated maximal aerobic power, with the physiological capacities of players increasing as the playing level increased. Forwards were heavier than backs for all junior and senior teams. Forwards and backs had similar estimated maximal aerobic power, except for under 16 players, for whom significant (p<0.05) differences were detected (mean (95% confidence intervals) 42.9 (40.1 to 45.7)v49.5 (46.4 to 52.6) ml/kg/min for forwards and backs respectively). Scores for speed, muscular power, and agility were not significantly different between forwards and backs for any of the junior or senior teams.Conclusions:The results show that there is a progressive improvement in the physiological capacities of rugby league players as the playing level increases. These findings provide normative data and performance standards for subelite junior and senior rugby league players. Further studies on the sociological, physical, psychological, and personal predictors of talent in rugby league are warranted.
Effects of resistance training and detraining on muscle strength and blood lipid profiles in postmenopausal women
Authors: Elliott K J , Sale C , Cable N T 
Published: September 2002

Objectives:To study the effects of eight weeks of supervised, low intensity resistance training (80% of 10 repetition maximum (10RM)) and eight weeks of detraining on muscle strength and blood lipid profiles in healthy, sedentary postmenopausal women.Subjects:Fifteen postmenopausal women, aged 49–62 years, took part in the study. Subjects were assigned to either a control (n = 7) or training (n = 8) group. The training regimen consisted of three sets of eight repetitions of leg press, bench press, knee extension, knee flexion, and lat pull-down, three days a week at 80% of 10RM. Dynamic leg strength, 10RM, and blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), triglycerides, and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)) were measured at baseline, after eight weeks of training, and after a further eight weeks of detraining.Results:Eight weeks of resistance training produced significant increases in knee extension (F1,13= 12.60; p<0.01), bench press (F1,13= 13.79; p<0.01), leg press (F1,13= 15.65; p<0.01), and lat pull-down (F1,13= 16.60; p<0.005) 10RM strength tests. Although 10RM strength decreased after eight weeks of detraining, the results remained significantly elevated from baseline measures. Eight weeks of training did not result in any significant alterations in blood lipid profiles, body composition, or dynamic isokinetic leg strength. There were no significant differences in any of the variables investigated over the 16 week period in the control group.Conclusions:These data suggest that a short, low intensity resistance training programme produces substantial improvements in muscle strength. Training of this intensity and duration was not sufficient to produce significant alterations in blood lipid concentrations.
Problems in health management of professional boxers in Japan
Authors: Ohhashi G , Tani S , Murakami S , Kamio M , Abe T , Ohtuki J 
Published: September 2002

Objective:To investigate whether the incidence of boxing accidents is higher in Japan than in other countries.Method:A nationwide survey of boxers was conducted.Results:A total of 632 boxers responded. Most Japanese boxers were relatively mature when they started boxing (mean starting age of 19.2 years). A high percentage of boxers was found three weight divisions higher than previously reported. Many boxers stated that losing weight was not a big problem. It was found that a punch that turns the head can cause serious physical damage, and it was clarified that only a simple punch, rather than accumulated damage from multiple punches, can cause cerebral concussion. Severe shock causing retrograde amnesia is very rare after a fight and disappears relatively quickly. Many additional symptoms are related to damage to the hearing organs, such as hearing difficulties, tinnitus, and vertigo, but these symptoms also resolve quickly. Many boxers experience memory disturbance, not just after a fight but in daily life.Conclusion:The approach to boxing has become more oriented towards the method of practice and scientific training, rather than psychological factors, which used to be emphasised.
Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer
Authors: Rahnama N , Reilly T , Lees A 
Published: September 2002

Objective:To assess the exposure of players to injury risk during English Premier League soccer matches in relation to selected factors.Methods:Injury risk was assessed by rating the injury potential of playing actions during competition with respect to (a) type of playing action, (b) period of the game, (c) zone of the pitch, and (d) playing either at home or away. In all, 10 games from the English Premier League 1999–2000 were chosen for analysis. A notation system was used whereby 16 soccer specific playing actions were classified into three categories: those inducing actual injury, those with a potential for injury (graded as mild, moderate, or high), and those deemed to have no potential for injury. The pitch was divided into 18 zones, and the position of each event was recorded along with time elapsed in the game, enabling six 15 minute periods to be defined.Results:Close to 18 000 actions were notated. On average (mean (SD)), 1788 (73) events (one every three seconds), 767 (99) events with injury potential (one every six seconds), and 2 (1) injuries (one every 45 minutes) per game were recorded. An overall injury incidence of 53 per 1000 playing hours was calculated. Receiving a tackle, receiving a “charge”, and making a tackle were categorised as having a substantial injury risk, and goal catch, goal punch, kicking the ball, shot on goal, set kick, and heading the ball were all categorised as having a significant injury risk. All other actions were deemed low in risk. The first 15 minutes of each half contained the highest number of actions with mild injury potential, the last 15 minutes having the highest number of actions with moderate injury potential (p<0.01). The first and last 15 minutes of the game had the highest number of actions with high injury potential, although not significant. More actions with mild injury potential occurred in the goal area, and more actions with moderate and high injury potential occurred in the zone adjacent to the goal area (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between home and away with regard to injury potential.Conclusions:Playing actions with high injury risk were linked to contesting possession. Injury risk was highest in the first and last 15 minutes of the game, reflecting the intense engagements in the opening period and the possible effect of fatigue in the closing period. Injury risk was concentrated in the areas of the pitch where possession of the ball is most vigorously contested, which were specific attacking and defending zones close to the goal. Injury potential was no greater in away matches than at home.
Associations of health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status with persistent physical activity and inactivity: a study of Finnish adolescent twins
Authors: Aarnio M , Winter T , Kujala U , Kaprio J 
Published: September 2002

Objective:To examine the association between leisure time physical activity over a three year period and health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status in late adolescence as part of a nationwide longitudinal study.Methods:Five birth cohorts of adolescent twins aged 16 at baseline (n = 5028; 2311 boys and 2717 girls) participated in the study. Questionnaires on leisure time physical activity, other health related behaviour, social relationships, and health status were sent to the twins on their 16th and 17th birthdays and six months after their 18th birthday. The combined response rate to the three questionnaires was 75.8% for boys and 81.7% for girls. Those who answered in all three questionnaires that their frequency of physical activity was 4–5 times a week or more were defined as persistent exercisers, and those who exercised at most twice a month in all three were defined as persistently inactive. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify baseline variables associated with outcome measures.Results:Overall, 20.4% of boys and 13.0% of girls were persistent exercisers and 6.5% of boys and 5.3% of girls were persistently inactive. In both sexes, smoking, irregular breakfast eating, attending vocational school, and poor self perceived current health were significantly associated with persistent inactivity.Conclusions:Persistent physical inactivity in adolescents is associated with a less healthy lifestyle, worse educational progression, and poor self perceived health. Tailoring methods to promote physical activity may prove useful for influencing other health habits. Such programmes are indicated for vocational schools in particular.
Injury prophylaxis in paragliding
Authors: Schulze W , Richter J , Schulze B , Esenwein S A , Büttner-Janz K 
Published: September 2002

Objectives:To show trends in paragliding injuries and derive recommendations for safety precautions for paraglider pilots on the basis of accident statistics, interviews, questionnaires, medical reports, and current stage of development of paragliding equipment.Methods:All paragliding accidents in Germany have to be reported. Information on 409 accidents was collected and analysed for the period 1997–1999.Results:There was a substantial decrease in reported accidents (166 in 1997; 127 in 1998; 116 in 1999). The number of accidents resulting in spinal injuries was 62 in 1997, 42 in 1998, and 38 in 1999. The most common cause of accident was deflation of the glider (32.5%), followed by oversteering (13.9%), collision with obstacles (12.0%), take off errors (10.3%), landing errors (13.7%), misjudgment of weather conditions (4.9%), unsatisfactory preflight checks (4.9%), mid-air collisions with other flyers (2.2%), accidents during winching (2.2%), and defective equipment (0.5%). Accidents predominantly occurred in mountain areas. Fewer than 100 flights had been logged for 40% of injured pilots. In a total of 39 accidents in which emergency parachutes were used, 10 pilots were seriously injured (26%) and an additional three were killed (8%).Conclusions:Injuries in paragliding caused by unpredictable situations can be minimised by (a) using safer gliders in the beginner or intermediate category, (b) improving protection systems, such as padded back protection, and (c) improving pilot skills through performance and safety training.
Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training
Authors: Folland J P , Irish C S , Roberts J C , Tarr J E , Jones D A 
Published: September 2002

Background:High resistance training enhances muscular strength, and recent work has suggested an important role for metabolite accumulation in this process.Objective:To investigate the role of fatigue and metabolite accumulation in strength gains by comparing highly fatiguing and non-fatiguing isotonic training protocols.Methods:Twenty three healthy adults (18–29 years of age; eight women) were assigned to either a high fatigue protocol (HF: four sets of 10 repetitions with 30 seconds rest between sets) to maximise metabolic stress or a low fatigue protocol (LF: 40 repetitions with 30 seconds between each repetition) to minimise changes. Subjects lifted on average 73% of their 1 repetition maximum through the full range of knee extension with both legs, three times a week. Quadriceps isometric strength of each leg was measured at a knee joint angle of 1.57 rad (90°), and a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the angle-torque and torque-velocity relations of the non-dominant leg.Results:At the mid-point of the training, the HF group had 50% greater gains in isometric strength, although this was not significant (4.5 weeks: HF, 13.3 (4.4)%; LF, 8.9 (3.6)%). This rate of increase was not sustained by the HF group, and after nine weeks of training all the strength measurements showed similar improvements for both groups (isometric strength: HF, 18.2 (3.9)%; LF, 14.5 (4.0)%). The strength gains were limited to the longer muscle lengths despite training over the full range of movement.Conclusions:Fatigue and metabolite accumulation do not appear to be critical stimuli for strength gain, and resistance training can be effective without the severe discomfort and acute physical effort associated with fatiguing contractions.
APPLYING CHAOS TO MANUFACTURING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION
Authors: DESSERT PATRICK E. , JAMES SCOTT D. 
Published: September 2002

We have applied the principles of chaos theory to optimizing the manufacturing process. A simulation system was created in which multiple parameters were modified to denote the effect of chaotic changes on the net profit derived. The companies that are successful in modeling their manufacturing systems in a simplistic manner can look forward to increased profit, better control and simpler manufacturing systems. Finding and selecting the correct set of parameters to subject to chaotic changes is time consuming. There are countless operating parameters that could be selected and the interaction of those parameters may have varying degrees of success on trying to optimize the manufacturing process. Certain parametric interactions may increase revenue, while other interactions may actually do the inverse.