bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living Newsletter?
Authors: Boyle Deirdre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Broadside TV was vulnerable to any changes in the communications environment, and in 1974 a change was forged that ultimately announced Broadside’s demise: the FCC rescinded its requirement that CATV operators provide locally originated programming. Since this mandate had been the only incentive for the local cable industry to cooperate with Broadside’s grand scheme, the ruling wiped out narrowcast programming virtually overnight—not just in Appalachia but throughout the nation. New rules went into effect on January 6, 1975, eliminating the local-origination ruling and adopting new rules requiring any cable system with 3,500 or more subscribers to have equipment for local cable programs, including non-operator production—what was commonly called public access.
The Good Times Are Killing Me
Authors: Boyle Deirdre 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While Michael Shamberg was preoccupied with arranging cloakand-dagger adventures underground, Paul Goldsmith was at work realizing a long-standing dream. The veteran documentary film cameraman had been trying to raise money to do a film about Cajun music when he first met up with TVTV. Goldsmith, who spent summers as a boy in Louisiana, had shot a short documentary on Cajuns for French TV in 1972 and was convinced there was a richer, deeper story to tell. When WNET offered TVTV the contract to make five hours of programming, the understanding was that Goldsmith’s Cajun project would be one of those hours.
On the Theory of Identity
Authors: Tarski Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sentential calculus, to which the preceding chapter was devoted, forms only one of the parts of logic. It constitutes undoubtedly the most fundamental part,-at least inasmuch as one necessarily uses its terms and laws in defining other terms, and in formulating and demonstrating logical laws that do not belong to this calculus. Sentential calculus by itself, however, does not form an adequate basis for the foundations of other sciences and, in particular, not for the foundations of mathematics; various concepts from other branches of logic are constantly encountered in mathematical definitions, theorems, and proofs. Some of them will be discussed in the present and in the following two chapters.
Construction of a Mathematical Theory: Laws of Order for Numbers
Authors: Tarski Alfred 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With a certain amount of knowledge of the fields of logic and methodology at our disposal, we shall now undertake to lay the foundations of a particular mathematical theory which, incidentally, is very simple. This will give us an excellent opportunity to assimilate better our previously acquired knowledge, and even to expand it somewhat. The theory with which we shall be concerned constitutes a fragment of the arithmetic of real numbers. It contains fundamental theorems which govern the basic relations less thanand greater thanamong numbers, as well as theorems pertaining to two basic operations on numbers: to those of addition and subtraction. It presupposes nothing but logic; that is, logic is the only preceding theory.
Stardust
Authors: Hay Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Before making A Fool There Was (1916), I consulted Robert Hilliard, who had produced it on the stage and played the leading role for years. He said, ‘‘In my experience, I have had to change my leading lady six times. As soon as one scored a tremendous hit in the part, she believed herself to be a Sarah Bernhardt and became unmanageable, and I had to let her go. My advice would be to put the girl you choose under contract, as the part will make her.’‘
Idolatry
Authors: Hay Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After he [Chaplin] had made his first million dollars, he went to Europe for a vacation. He slipped away from a Parisian hotel to wander incognito in an obscure district on the Left Bank. No one recognized him. He was happy. After all, there was some privacy, if one had the patience to seek it. As he strolled along, Mr. Chaplin suffered an abdominal cramp. He inquired of an angelic porter where one might find a W.C. Mr. Chapin knew no French and the porter knew no English. After some ineffectual parley in two languages, Chaplin became apprehensive. The stomach ache was now almost beyond control. He did some pantomime. He postured, grunted, wriggled and rolled his eyes to heaven.
Where Ignorance Is Bliss
Authors: Hay Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Nature of the Beast L. B. Mayer wanted to hire Joseph Mankiewicz to work as a producer at MGM, but the latter wanted to write and to direct. ‘‘No, you have to produce first,’‘ Mayer insisted, ‘‘you have to crawl before you walk.’‘ Mankiewicz always thought that this was the best definition of producing he had heard. Producer Lamarr Trotti gave this definition of his profession: ‘‘A producer is a man who asks you a question, gives you the answer, and then tells you what’s wrong with it.’‘
Cunning Linguists
Authors: Hay Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
King Vidor was having problems in The Wedding Night (1934) with Gary Cooper’s mumbling and Anna Sten’s heavy Russian accent. She had a particularly hard time in the middle of a love scene with pronouncing ‘‘Earth’s return’‘-a phrase quoted from. Vidor was all for cutting the text, but Sam Goldwyn, who was watching the filming of the scene, wanted it kept. Finally, after several takes, even Goldwyn was losing patience and he went up to the two stars. Ile told them about the sorry state of box office receipts during the Depression, and that he was staking his entire career and reputation on this picture.
In the Writers’ Building
Authors: Hay Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Door Signs So many people kept dropping by Gene Fowler’s office to exchange jokes and drinks that he couldn’t get any work done. The writer changed the sign on his door to read: ‘‘Horace Witherspoon, Jr. Famous Polish Impersonator.’‘ After that he found peace. Dorothy Parker had the opposite problem: nobody ever visited her little cubicle in the Writers’ Building. She felt completely isolated and lonely, until one evening she scratched out her name on the door and replaced it with a sign that read: ‘‘Men.’‘
The Towe
Authors: Rosenthal M L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As with other poets’ successive volumes, Yeats’s sometimes overlap in the sense that they contain work begun and even completed before previous volumes had been printed. The Tower (1928) is the prize example. Some of its poems were in the making a decade or more before it appeared. One, “The New Faces,” goes back to 1912 and is of a piece with poems of deep friendship like “These Are the Clouds” and “A Friend’s Illness” in The Green Helmet and Other Poems and “To a Friend Whose Work Has Come to Nothing” and “Friends” in Responsibilities. Another, “Owen Aherne and His Dancers,” goes back to 1917 and-despite its bitter theme (an older man whose love has been rejected by a young woman)-is stylistically close to Yeats’s writing of two decades earlier. The great double sequence, “Meditations in Time of Civil War” and “Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen,” is the work of 1921 to 1922 and might conceivably have been added to Michael Robartes and the Dancer. And “All Souls’ Night,” written in 1920, brings the book to an end.
Drama of the 1930s
Authors: Rosenthal M L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Yeats’s last plays reflect his deepening preoccupation with what-in a letter of 2 or 4 October 1927--he had called the only worthwhile topics: “sex and the dead.” The boldest and most experimental of the seven plays of his final decade are the twin pieces A Full Moon in March and The King of the Great Clock Tower (both published in 1935) and The Heme’s Egg (1938), which link these topics directly and sometimes crudely. The Resurrection (1931), The Words upon the Window-Pane (1934), The Death of Cuchulain (1939), and Purgatory (1939) do so far more subtly yet with greater force.
The Social Setting of Apocalypses
Authors: Thompson Leonard L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With form and content dominating questions of genre, scholars have taken up the social setting of apocalypses as a separate issue. There are several good reasons for that separation. Classic form criticism—a method for relating literature and society—probably linked too closely a particular form with one particular setting; and as Collins, among others, notes, a single apocalypse may be used in different ways in different social settings (Collins 1979, 4). Lack of knowledge about the social-historical setting of specific apocalypses also contributes to the separation, for little is known about when, where, by whom, and for whom most apocalypses were written (see Stone 1980, 72-73, 85). Information about social setting comes for the most part from the apocalyptic texts themselves
Introduction: The Genre, the Canon, and the Myth
Authors: DeLamotte Eugenia C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A Gothic parody of 1813 portrays a well-read “Heroine” in raptures over a newly acquired ruin. In her excitement she sends out immediately for a set of appropriate furnishings, including “painted glass enriched with armorial bearings,” “pennons and flags stained with the best old blood;— Feudal if possible,” “antique tapestry sufficient to furnish one entire wing,” “an old lute, or lyre, or harp,” “a bell for the portal,” black hangings and curtains, and a velvet pall. Unfortunately, the man dispatched on the errand has surprising trouble finding in town these items available everywhere in romance.
Wordsworth’s Intimations Ode and Its Epigraphs
Authors: Manning Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the outset of his essay “The Immortality Ode,” Lionel Trilling observes: Criticism, we know, must always be concerned with the poem itself. But a poem does not always exist only in itself: sometimes it has a very lively existence in its false or partial appearances. These simulacra of the actual poem must be taken into account by criticism and sometimes in its effort to come at the poem as it really is, criticism does well to allow the simulacra to dictate at least its opening moves.1 Trilling was concerned with the tradition of critical interpretations that comes to encase a canonical text, but with the Ode the encasing begins with Wordsworth himself.
Don Juan and Byron’s Imperceptiveness to the English Word
Authors: Manning Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In a famous essay which mixes praise and contempt in characteristic fashion, T. S. Eliot observed in 1937: From this stigma of “imperccptiveness ... to the English word” Byron and Byron criticism have yet wholly to recover.2 The condemnation is best challenged by examining the assumptions on which it rests.
Wordsworth at St. Bees: Scandals, Sisterhoods, and Wordsworth's Later Poetry
Authors: Manning Peter J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Anyone seeking to direct attention to Wordsworth’s later poetry must acknowledge the general lack of interest in the subject. The image of Wordsworth the lost leader, living on in decline and withdrawal, seems as firmly fixed now as it has been for a century. If one points out that Wordsworth’s poetry after 1807 is, if anything, more politically engaged and more topical than what went before, the notorious conservatism of the later years remains a stumbling block. But merely to invoke this conservatism is not to understand how it functions in particular poems.
The Sonnet
Authors: Curran Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
That the sonnet virtually disappeared from the British shores in the century after Milton’s death is an oddity that could not be obfuscated by blandly defining it as “not very suitable to the English language.”1 On the contrary, it is a symptom of the cultural distance the eighteenth century imposed between itself and the Elizabethans, who were commonly understood to have been barbaric, their example effaced by subsequent refinements of language, literary conception, and versification.
Composite Orders
Authors: Curran Stuart 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In Renaissance generic formulations the epic is first in the hierarchy of genres because it is the most inclusive of forms. The Homeric epics were conceived as a repository of cultural knowledge—from the organization of the Olympic pantheon to the history of the eastern Mediterranean kingdoms assembled on the plain of Troy to the geography charted by Odysseus’ wanderings, even to the proper construction of ships so as to weather storms at sea.
The Creation of Classical Greek Mathematics
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the history of civilization the Greeks are preeminent, and in the history of mathematics the Greeks are the supreme event. Though they did borrow from the surrounding civilizations, the Greeks built a civilization and culture of their own which is the most impressive of all civilizations, the most influential in the development of modern Western culture, and decisive in founding mathematics as we understand the subject today. One of the great problems of the history of civilization is how to account for the brilliance and creativity of the ancient Greeks.
Calculus in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The greatest achievement of the seventeenth century was the calculus. From this source there stemmed major new branches of mathematics: differential equations, infinite series, differential geometry, the calculus of variations, functions of complex variables, and many others. Indeed, the beginnings of some of these subjects were already present in the works of Newton and Leibniz. The eighteenth century was devoted largely to the development of some of these branches of analysis. But before this could be accomplished, the calculus itself had to be extended. Newton and Leibniz had created basic methods, but much remained to be done. Many new functions of one variable and functions of two or more variables had either to be recognized explicitly or created; the techniques of differentiation and integration had to be extended to some of the existing functions and to others yet to be introduced; and the logical foundation of the calculus was still missing. The first goal was to expand the subject matter of the calculus and this is the subject of the present chapter and the next one.
The Calculus of Variations in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, the calculus of variations was founded in the eighteenth century chiefly by Euler and Lagrange. Beyond mathematical and physical problems of various sorts there was one leading motivation for the study, namely, the Principle of Least Action, which in the hands of Maupertuis, Euler, and Lagrange became a leading principle of mathematical physics. The nineteenth-century men continued the work on least action and the greatest stimulus to the calculus of variations in the first half of the century came from this direction. Physically, the interest was in the science of mechanics and particularly in problems of astronomy. Lagrange’s successful formulation of the laws of dynamics in terms of his Principle of Least Action suggested that the idea should be applicable to other branches of physics. Lagrange gave a minimum principle for fluid dynamics (applicable to compressible and incompressible fluids) from which he derived Euler’s equations for fluid dynamics (Chap. 22, sec. 8) and indeed he boasted that a minimum principle governed this field as it did the motion of particles and rigid bodies.
The Differential Geometry of Gauss and Riemann
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We shall now pick up the threads of the development of differential geometry, particularly the theory of surfaces as founded by Euler and extended by Monge. The next great step in this subject was made by Gauss. Gauss had devoted an immense amount of work to geodesy and mapmaking starting in 1816. His participation in actual physical surveys, on which he published many papers, stimulated his interest in differential geometry and led to his definitive 1827 paper “Disquisitiones Generales circa Superficies Curvas” (General Investigations of Curved Surfaces).1 However, beyond contributing this definitive treatment of the differential geometry of surfaces lying in three-dimensional space Gauss advanced the totally new concept that a surface is a space in itself. It was this concept that Riemann generalized, thereby opening up new vistas in non-Euclidean geometry.
Projective and Metric Geometry
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Prior to and during the work on non-Euclidean geometry, the study of projective properties was the major geometric activity. Moreover, it was evident from the work of von Staudt (Chap. 35, sec. 3) that projective geometry is logically prior to Euclidean geometry because it deals with qualitative and descriptive properties that enter into the very formation of geometrical figures and does not use the measures of line segments and angles. This fact suggested that Euclidean geometry might be some specialization of projective geometry. With the non-Euclidean geometries now at hand the possibility arose that these, too, at least the ones dealing with spaces of constant curvature, might be specializations of projective geometry. Hence the relationship of projective geometry to the non-Euclidean geometries, which are metric geometries because distance is employed as a fundamental concept, became a subject of research. The clarification of the relationship of projective geometry to Euclidean and the non-Euclidean geometries is the great achievement of the work we are about to examine. Equally vital was the establishment of the consistency of the basic non-Euclidean geometries.
The Instillation of Rigor in Analysis
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By about 1800 the mathematicians began to be concerned about the looseness in the concepts and proofs of the vast branches of analysis. The very concept of a function was not clear; the use of series without regard to convergence and divergence had produced paradoxes and disagreements; the controversy about the representations of functions by trigonometric series had introduced further confusion; and, of course, the fundamental notions of derivative and integral had never been properly defined. All these difficulties finally brought on dissatisfaction with the logical status of analysis.
The Foundations of the Real and Transfinite Numbers
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most surprising facts in the history of mathematics is that the logical foundation of the real number system was not erected until the late nineteenth century. Up to that time not even the simplest properties of positive and negative rational numbers and irrational numbers were logically established, nor were these numbers defined. Even the logical foundation of complex numbers had not been long in existence (Chap. 32, sec. 1), and that foundation presupposed the real number system. In view of the extensive development of algebra and analysis, all of which utilized the real numbers, the failure to consider the precise structure and properties of the real numbers shows how illogically mathematics progresses. The intuitive understanding of these numbers seemed adequate and mathematicians were content to operate on this basis.
Mathematics as of 1900
Authors: Kline Morris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It was true in the nineteenth as in the two preceding centuries that the progress in mathematics brought with it larger changes barely perceptible in the year-to-year developments but vital in themselves and in their effect on future developments. The vast expansion in subject matter and the opening of new fields as well as the extension of older ones are of course apparent. Algebra received a totally new impetus with Galois; geometry again became active and was radically altered with the introduction of non-Euclidean geometry and the revival of projective geometry; number theory flowed over into analytic number theory; and analysis was immeasurably broadened by the introduction of complex function theory and the expansion in ordinary and partial differential equations. From the standpoint of technical development, complex function theory was the most significant of the new creations. But from the standpoint of intellectual importance and ultimate effect on the nature of mathematics, the most consequential development was non¬Euclidean geometry. As we shall see, its effects were far more revolutionary than we have thus far pointed out. The circle within which mathematical studies appeared to be enclosed at the beginning of the century was broken at all points, and mathematics exploded into a hundred branches. The flood of new results contradicted sharply the leading opinion at the end of the eighteenth century that the mine of mathematics was exhausted.
Guide To Pronunciation
Authors: Huang Chichung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The transliterations of all Chinese terms and proper names in this book follow the Chinese phonetic system, generally known to the world as the pinyin system. Basically identifiable with their counterparts in the International Phonetic Alphabet, its consonants are easily pronounceable with the exception of a few which were endowed by their inventor(s) with sound values different from the ones they usually represent in the English language. Readers of this book are advised to familiarize themselves with these sounds so that they are not impeded by them in pronouncing Chinese words throughout this book.
Master Kong’s Major Disciples
Authors: Huang Chichung 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
one of the Master’s most prominent disciples in the early part of his teaching career,1 also one of those who followed him in his travels abroad; son of Yan Lu, who was one of the earliest disciples at the Master’s school; native of Lu. Humane by nature and well accomplished both in virtue and the classics, he delighted in pursuing the Way even when in dire straits.
Deep Talk as Knowing
Authors: Himley Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
After studying with Patricia Carini, I began to characterize the Prospect School as a kind of oral culture. At first it seemed rather odd to talk about Prospect as oral because of the extensive amount of daily note taking and written documentation that goes on. The Archive itself is lined with shelf after shelf of records of staff meetings, notes from summer institutes, papers and published essays, graduate student theses, grant proposals, long narrative records for each student, catalogues for reference editions of the children’s files-and on and on. Teachers walk around with paper and pencil in hand. Children are observed, their drawings and written texts described, keywords reflected upon, teacher journals kept and exchanged and at times published.
A Reflective Conversation: “Tempos of Meaning”
Authors: Himley Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter dramatizes the documentary process of describing a work (in this case, a first year essay), using a modification of Patricia Carini’s reflective procedures. In this project, we were engaged in a highly speculative process, not looking so much for research results or validity, but rather trying to have some actual experience with student writing at Syracuse University across all four years. We looked at three essays from each writer, written across time, in a very rough effort to describe in broad strokes the possible patterns of development across a large group of writers.