bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An application of systems thinking to group‐based organisations
Authors: Panda Debadutta Kumar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study conceptualised self‐help groups (SHGs) from the behavioural systems perspective. It adopted the grounded theory approach for data collection and analysis; and the development of structural frameworks through causal inferences. The behavioural system of the SHGs had psychological and behavioural input (interest, motivation, intention, value, belief and need), psychological and behavioural process (adaptability, receptibility and cognitive ability), psychological and behavioural output (social behaviour, psychological behaviour, economical behaviour and ecological behaviour), and environment (macroeconomic environment, policy environment, social–cultural–political environment of village, and institutional environment of the village). The psychological and behavioural input, process, and output exhibited interdependencies. The conceptual categories within them showed causal interactions. The study provided a new lens to the debate on self‐help group‐based microentrepreneurship and group dynamics. The study found the systemic approach of SHG functioning and the peer pressure mechanisms built upon psychological and behavioural characteristics.
Dissection of the potential immunomodulatory activity materials and mechanism of Wu Shen Wan (a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription) based on in vivo substances profiling and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Haiqiang , Han Jinqin , Li Qiao , Nie Jianing , Han Luanwei , Yu Yang , Lv Chongning , Lu Jincai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a comprehensive strategy based on substances profiling in vivo and network pharmacology method was applied to screen out the potential immunomodulatory activity substances and mechanism of Wu Shen Wan. As a result, a total of 121 constituents were identified or tentatively characterized, including 26 flavonoids, 16 alkaloids, 10 tanshinones, four diterpenes, seven iridoid glycosides, eight coumarin, 18 phenolic acids, 29 ginsenosides, and three others. Moreover, 57 prototypes were clearly screened out in rat plasma and urine after ingestion of Wu Shen Wan. The Wu Shen Wan exhibited immunomodulatory effects via significantly increasing the phagocytic activity of macrophages and inducing the release of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin 6 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the network pharmacology results showed that the top 20 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes clusters were enriched, such as mitogen‐activated protein kinases pathway. This is the first systematic study on the chemical constituents of Wu Shen Wan. The analytical method features a quick and comprehensive dissection of the chemical composition and provides a basis for exploring its immunomodulatory effects.
Prevalence and economic losses associated with foetal wastage in abattoir
Authors: Nabasirye Stella , Baluka Sylvia Angubua , Sengooba Asuman 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth male and female food animals are slaughtered for meat. Some cows, ewes and does slaughtered are found with viable foetuses resulting in foetal wastage and loss of future replacement stock. Foetal wastage accounts for about 20%–25% of the decline in livestock numbers in sub‐Saharan Africa. Slaughter of pregnant cows, ewes and does results in economic losses and threatens food security with consequent decrease in available animal proteins to the fast growing human population. Protein requirement for healthy human development is inadequate in most developing countries including Uganda. The prevalence and economic losses associated with foetal wastage were assessed in an abattoir.ObjectivesThe study was cnducted to assess the prevalence of feotal wastage at the study abattoir and estimate the associated economic losses.MethodsThe researchers supported by abattoir resident meat inspectors examined all slaughtered female animals during the study period. Gravid uteri obtained from slaughtered animals after dressing of carcasses were eviscerated using a sharp knife across the long axis to recover foetuses. The crown rump lengths (CRLs) of the recovered foetuses were measured using a tape measure, weighed on a scale and categorised into first, second and third trimesters. Prevalence of pregnant animals slaughtered was determined by calculating the percentage of pregnant animals over the total number of female animals slaughtered. Economic losses were estimated based on the monetary losses at birth, weaning, maturity, and carcass loss at weaning and maturity.ResultsThe aggregate slaughters were bovine 604 (73.6%), caprine 169 (20.6%) and ovine 48 (5.9%). The overall prevalence of foetal wastage was 21.9%. The aggregate prevalence of foetal wastage by species include 160 (88.9%) cows, 8 (4.4%) heifers, 4 (2.2%) does and 8 (4.4%) ewes. Foetal wastage of cows by trimester included 62 (38.8%), 26 (16.25%) and 72 (45.0%) in first, second and third trimesters, respectively, translating into loss of US$13,055. Foetal wastage was high and the associated economic losses were substantial which undermines sustainability of the national herd. Farmers should be sensitised about the economic losses and long‐term impact associated with foetal wastage and dissuaded from this practice. A policy is needed to deter farmers from selling pregnant animals for slaughter.ConclusionsA total of 168 bovine, 8 caprine and 12 ovine foetuses were wasted within 60 days study period. These foetal wastages translated to US$ 13,224 monetary losses at birth, US$ 31,849 monetary loss at weaning and US$ 57,0896 monetary loss at maturity.
Single‐cell mRNA sequencing of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) seminoma reveals the cellular and molecular characteristics of tumour cells
Authors: Yijiao Chen , Junhui An , Rong Hou , Yuliang Liu , Donghui Wang , Songrui Liu , Tongying Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTesticular tumours are zoonoses that can occur in not only human, but other animals, include giant pandas. A middle‐aged male giant panda named Fufu was diagnosed with a testicular tumour and underwent surgery to remove the entire left testis. The testis was mainly composed of three substantive parts: normal tissue on the outside, tumour tissue in the middle, and necrosis in the centre. HE stains revealed that the tumour was a seminoma.Single‐cell mRNA sequence was applied to characterise cellular states and molecular circuitries of giant panda testicular seminoma. Only germ cell markers expressed in nearly all tumour cells, and the tumour cells appeared to be the same subtype of seminoma cells.We identified four clusters with unique genes expression. They were early apoptosis cells (EAC), inactive cells (IC), active cells subcluster 1 (AC‐1) and active cells subcluster 2 (AC‐2). We utilised monocle tools and found that IC cells was in the initiation stage, and EAC was one type of terminal stage, suggesting that tumour cells may undergo apoptosis in the future. AC‐2 was another type of terminal stage, representing a group of progressive cells.Our study represents the first report to utilise scRNA‐seq to characterise the cellular states and molecular circuitries of a giant panda testicular tumour. This investigation proposes CD117 and CD30 as dependable markers for future pathologic diagnosis. Our findings also suggest that CTSV and other genes with unique expression patterns in active and progressive giant panda seminoma cells may act as early prognostic biomarkers.
Important role of pore‐filling mechanism in separating naproxen from water by micro‐mesoporous carbonaceous material
Authors: Arslan Yasin , Tomul Fatma , Kınaytürk Neslihan Kaya , Dong Nguyen Thanh , Trak Diğdem , Kabak Burcu , Tran Hai Nguyen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCommercial micro‐mesoporous carbonaceous material (MCM; 56.8% mesopores) was applied for investigating the removal phenomenon of naproxen drug in aqueous solutions through batch adsorption experiments. Results demonstrated that the adsorption capacity of MCM to naproxen was slightly affected by different pHeq (2.0–11) and ionic strength (0–1 M NaCl). Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, and mechanisms were evaluated at pH 7.0. Adsorption kinetics indicated the rate constants for adsorption (0.2 × 10−3 L/(mg × min) and desorption (0.076/min) and the adsorption equilibrium constant (2.6 × 10−3 L/mg). Adsorption isotherm showed that MCM exhibited a high‐affinity adsorption capacity to naproxen (even at low concentrations) and its Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) was 252.7 mg/g at 25°C. Adsorption thermodynamics proved that the adsorption process was endothermic and physisorption (ΔH° = 9.66 kJ/mol). The analysis result of pore size distribution demonstrated that the internal pore structure of MCM was appropriate for adsorbing naproxen molecules. Pore‐filing mechanism (pore diffusion phenomenon) was confirmed by a considerable decrease in BET‐surface area (585 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.417 cm3/g) of MCM after adsorbing naproxen (~1000 mg/L and pH 7.0) at 5 min (341 and 0.256), 60 min (191 and 0.205), 120 min (183 and 0.193), 360 min (144 and 0.175), and 24 h (71.6 m2/g and 0.123 cm3/g, respectively). The pore diffusion occurred rapidly (even at the initial adsorption period of 5 min). The FTIR technique was applied to identify the existence of C–H···π and n–π interaction. π–π interaction (evaluated through ID/IG ratio and C=C band) played a minor contribution in adsorption mechanisms. The ID/IG ratio (determined by the Raman technique) of MCM before adsorption (1.195) was similar to that after adsorption (1.190), and the wavenumber (C=C band; its FTIR spectrum) slightly shifted from 1638 to 1634 cm−1 after adsorption. A decrease in the Qmax value of MCM from 249 to 217 (H2O2‐oxidized MCM) or to 224 mg/g (HNO3‐oxidized MCM) confirmed the presence of π–π interaction. Electrostatic attraction was a minor contribution. MCM can serve as a promising material for removing naproxen from water environment through a pore‐filling mechanism.Practitioner Points
Pore‐filling mechanism was proposed by comparing textural properties of MCM before and after adsorbing naproxen.
C–H···π and n–π interactions were identified via FTIR technique.
π–π interaction was observed by FTIR and Raman techniques.
Oxidation of MCM with HNO3 or H2O2 was a helpful method to explore π–π interaction.
Electrostatic attraction was explained through studies: effects of pH and NaCl along with desorption.
Ansätze zur Messung von Risikowahrnehmung und Risikoeinstellung: das Beispiel touristische Reiseabsicht während einer Pandemie
Authors: Hüsser Andreas Philippe , Ohnmacht Timo 
Published: January 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden Ansätze und Messverfahren zur Erfassung der Risikowahrnehmung und der Risikoeinstellung erörtert. Aus methodischer Sicht wird das psychometrische Paradigma zur Messung der subjektiven Risikowahrnehmung vorgestellt und vom objektiven (bekannten) Risiko aus der vorherrschenden ökonomischen Entscheidungstheorie abgegrenzt. Dabei werden eigene empirische Befunde aus einer repräsentativen Bevölkerungsstudie zur Risikowahrnehmung und Reiseabsicht während der Coronapandemie aus psychometrischer Perspektive präsentiert. Dieses Forschungsprojekt wurde im Rahmen des Nationalen Forschungsprogramms „Covid-19“ (NFP 78) des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds (SNF) durchgeführt (Grant-N° 40784P_198336). Zum Schluss des Kapitels werden Ansatzpunkte für die evidenzbasierte Interventionsforschung für sicheres Reisen vorgestellt, die auf Theorien und Ergebnissen aus empirischen Studien gründen und denen somit Wirksamkeit attestiert werden kann.
Landau singularities of the 7-point ziggurat. Part II
Authors: Lippstreu Luke , Spradlin Marcus , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur , Volovich Anastasia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We solve the Landau equations to find the singularities of nine three-loop 7-point graphs that arise as relaxations of the graph studied in [22]. Along the way we establish that Y − ∆ equivalence fails for certain branches of solutions to the Landau equations. We find two graphs with singularities outside the heptagon symbol alphabet; in particular they are not cluster variables of Gr(4, 7). We compare maximal residues of scalar graphs exhibiting these singularities to those in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory in order to probe their cancellation from its amplitudes.
Boundary driven turbulence on string worldsheet
Authors: Ishii Takaaki , Murata Keiju , Yoshida Kentaroh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the origin of turbulence on the string worldsheet with boundaries laid in anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. While the classical motion of a single closed string in AdS is integrable, it has recently been recognized that weak turbulence arises in the case of an open string suspended from the AdS boundary. In the open string case, it is necessary to impose boundary conditions on the worldsheet boundaries. We classify which boundary conditions preserve integrability. Based on this classification, we anticipate that turbulence may occur on the string worldsheet if integrability is not guaranteed by the boundary conditions. Numerical investigations of the classical open-string dynamics support that turbulence occurs when the boundary conditions are not integrable.
Linear power corrections to top quark pair production in hadron collisions
Authors: Makarov Sergei , Melnikov Kirill , Nason Paolo , Ozcelik Melih A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We compute, in the framework of renormalon calculus, the $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda}_{\textrm{QCD}}\right) $$
O

Λ
QCD

corrections to the production of $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

pairs in hadron collisions under the assumption that $$ q\overline{q}\to t\overline{t} $$
q

q
¯

→
t

t
¯

is the dominant partonic channel. This assumption is not applicable to top quark pair production at the LHC but it is valid for the Tevatron where collisions of protons and anti-protons were studied. We show that the linear power correction to the total $$ t\overline{t} $$
t

t
¯

production cross section vanishes provided one uses a short-distance scheme for the top quark mass. We also derive relatively simple formulas for the power corrections to top quark kinematic distributions. Although small numerically, these power corrections exhibit interesting dependencies on top quark kinematics.
Prediction of neurocritical care intensity through automated infrared pupillometry and transcranial doppler in blunt traumatic brain injury: the NOPE study
Authors: Banco Pierluigi , Taccone Fabio Silvio , Sourd Dimitri , Privitera Claudio , Bosson Jean-Luc , Teixeira Thomas Luz , Adolle Anais , Payen Jean-François , Bouzat Pierre , Gauss Tobias 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This pilot study aimed to determine the capacity of automated infrared pupillometry (AIP) alone and in combination with transcranial doppler (TCD) on admission to rule out need for intense neuroAQ2 critical care (INCC) in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
In this observational pilot study clinicians performed AIP and TCD measurements on admission in blunt TBI patients with a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) < 9 and/or motor score < 6. A Neurological Pupil index (NPi) < 3, Pulsatility Index (PI) > 1,4 or diastolic blood flow velocity (dV) of < 20 cm/s were used to rule out the need for INCC (exceeding the tier 0 Seattle Consensus Conference). The primary outcome was the negative likelihood ratio (nLR) of NPi < 3 alone or in combination with TCD to detect need for INCC.

Results
A total of 69 TBI patients were included from May 2019 to September 2020. Of those, 52/69 (75%) median age was 45 [28–67], median prehospital GCS of 7 [5–8], median Injury Severity Scale of 13.0 [6.5–25.5], median Marshall Score of 4 [3–5], the median Glasgow Outcome Scale at discharge was 3 [1–5]. NPi < 3 was an independent predictor of INCC. NPi demonstrated a nLR of 0,6 (95%CI 0.4–0.9; AUROC, 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.79), a combination of NPi and TCD showed a nLR of 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–1.0; AUROC 0.67 95% CI 0.52–0.83) to predict INCC.

Conclusion
This pilot study suggests a possible useful contribution of NPi to determine the need for INCC in severe blunt TBI patients on admission.
Arsenobetaine amide: a novel arsenic species detected in several mushroom species
Authors: Walenta Martin , Raab Andrea , Braeuer Simone , Steiner Lorenz , Borovička Jan , Goessler Walter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe total arsenic mass fraction as well as the arsenic speciation were studied in four different mushroom species with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, respectively. Arsenic mass fractions detected in the mushrooms were covering a range from 0.3 to 22 mg As kg−1 dry mass. For the arsenic speciation, species like arsenobetaine, inorganic arsenic, or dimethylarsinic acid were found, which are commonly detected in mushrooms, but it was also proven that the recently discovered novel compound homoarsenocholine is present in Amanita muscaria and Ramaria sanguinea. Moreover, a previously unidentified arsenic species was isolated from Ramaria sanguinea and identified as trimethylarsonioacetamide, or in short: arsenobetaine amide. This new arsenical was synthesized and verified by spiking experiments to be present in all investigated mushroom samples. Arsenobetaine amide could be an important intermediate to further elucidate the biotransformation pathways of arsenic in the environment.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of ABT-751, a novel anti-mitotic agent able to overcome multi-drug resistance, in melanoma cells
Authors: Mahgoub Thamir M. , Jordan Emmet J. , Mahdi Amira F. , Oettl Veronika , Huefner Stefanie , O’Donovan Norma , Crown John , Collins Denis M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Drug efflux transporter associated multi-drug resistance (MDR) is a potential limitation in the use of taxane chemotherapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. ABT-751 is an orally bioavailable microtubule-binding agent capable of overcoming MDR and proposed as an alternative to taxane-based therapies.

Methods
This study compares ABT-751 to taxanes in vitro, utilizing seven melanoma cell line models, publicly available gene expression and drug sensitivity databases, a lung cancer cell line model of MDR drug efflux transporter overexpression (DLKP-A), and drug efflux transporter ATPase assays.

Results
Melanoma cell lines exhibit a low but variable protein and RNA expression of drug efflux transporters P-gp, BCRP, and MDR3. Expression of P-gp and MDR3 correlates with sensitivity to taxanes, but not to ABT-751. The anti-proliferative IC50 profile of ABT-751 was higher than the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel in the melanoma cell line panel, but fell within clinically achievable parameters. ABT-751 IC50 was not impacted by P-gp-overexpression in DKLP-A cells, which display strong resistance to the P-gp substrate taxanes compared to DLKP parental controls. The addition of ABT-751 to paclitaxel treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation, suggesting some reversal of MDR. ATPase activity assays suggest that ABT-751 is a potential BCRP substrate, with the ability to inhibit P-gp ATPase activity.

Conclusion
Our study confirms that ABT-751 is active against melanoma cell lines and models of MDR at physiologically relevant concentrations, it inhibits P-gp ATPase activity, and it may be a BCRP and/or MDR3 substrate. ABT-751 warrants further investigation alone or in tandem with other drug efflux transporter inhibitors for hard-to-treat MDR melanoma.
A study on the dark and illuminated operation of Al/Si3N4/p-Si Schottky photodiodes: optoelectronic insights
Authors: Surucu Ozge , Yıldız Dilber Esra , Yıldırım Murat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis work extensively investigates the operation of an Al/ Si3N4/p-Si Schottky-type photodiode under dark and varying illumination intensities. The photodiode is fabricated by employing the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. A thorough electrical characterization is performed at room temperature, encompassing measurements of current–voltage (I–V), current–time (I–t), capacitance–time (C–t), and conductance time (G–t). The photodiode’s rectification factor and reverse bias area increased under illumination. The relationship between light power density, barrier height, and diode ideality factor is found. The study also found a strong correlation between light intensity and applied voltage on series resistance (Rs) and shunt resistance (Rsh). Rs values are calculated using Cheung’s functions, revealing the diode’s resistance behavior. The study also examines the photodiode’s photoconductivity and photoconductance, finding a non-linear relationship between photocurrent and illumination intensity, suggesting bimolecular recombination. Calculated photosensitivity (K), responsivity (R), and detectivity (D*) values show the device’s light response effectiveness, but efficiency decreases at higher illumination intensities. Transient experiments indicate stable and reproducible photocurrent characteristics, revealing photogenerated charge temporal evolution. This study provides a complete understanding of the Al/Si3N4/p-Si Schottky photodiode’s behavior under different illumination intensities. The findings advance optoelectronic device knowledge and enable their use in advanced technologies.
Post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of pea-derived protein do not differ from ingesting an equivalent amount of milk-derived protein in healthy, young males
Authors: Pinckaers Philippe J. M. , Smeets Joey S. J. , Kouw Imre W. K. , Goessens Joy P. B. , Gijsen Annemarie P. B. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , Verdijk Lex. B. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Snijders Tim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Plant-derived proteins have received considerable attention as an alternative to animal-derived proteins. However, plant-derived proteins are considered to have less anabolic properties when compared with animal-derived proteins. The lower muscle protein synthesis rates following ingestion of plant- compared with animal-derived protein have been attributed to the lower essential amino acid content of plant-derived proteins and/or their specific amino acid deficiencies. This study aimed to compare post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of 30 g pea-derived protein with 30 g milk-derived protein in healthy, young males.

Methods
In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group design, 24 young males (24 ± 3 y) received a primed continuous L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine infusion after which they ingested 30 g pea (PEA) or 30 g milk-derived protein (MILK). Blood and muscle biopsies were collected frequently for 5 h to assess post-prandial plasma amino acid profiles and subsequent post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates.

Results
MILK increased plasma essential amino acid concentrations more than PEA over the 5 h post-prandial period (incremental area under curve 151 ± 31 vs 102 ± 15 mmol∙300 min∙L−1, respectively; P < 0.001). Ingestion of both MILK and PEA showed a robust muscle protein synthetic response with no significant differences between treatments (0.053 ± 0.013 and 0.053 ± 0.017%∙h−1, respectively; P = 0.96).

Conclusion
Post-prandial muscle protein synthesis rates following the ingestion of 30 g pea-derived protein do not differ from the response following ingestion of an equivalent amount of milk-derived protein. International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (NTR6548; 27–06-2017).