bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helicobacter pylori and Non‐malignant Diseases
Authors: Kupcinskas Limas , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews new literature data from March 2004 to April 2005 about the association between Helicobacter pylori and non‐malignant disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Eradication of H. pylori is indicated for all patients with non‐malignant diseases associated with this pathogen. However, its effect is variable, ranging from the highest benefit in the cure of peptic ulcer disease to a small benefit in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia. Test and treat strategy is still cost‐effective for management of patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia. The only limitations of the strategy are the patient's age and the cost benefit ratio in case of low prevalence of the infection. H. pylori eradication is of value in chronic NSAID users, but is insufficient to prevent NSAID‐related ulcer disease. In developed countries H. pylori eradication does not cause gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GORD), however, a negative association between H. pylori and GORD does exist, especially in Asia, but the nature of this relationship should be further clarified.
A Feasible Approach for Direct His‐Bundle Pacing Using a New Steerable Catheter to Facilitate Precise Lead Placement
Authors: ZANON FRANCESCO , BARACCA ENRICO , AGGIO SILVIO , PASTORE GIANNI , BOARETTO GRAZIANO , CARDANO PAOLA , MAROTTA TIZIANA , RIGATELLI GIANLUCA , GALASSO MARIAPAOLA , CARRARO MAURO , ZONZIN PIETRO 
Published: September 2005

Introduction: Much clinical evidence has shown that right ventricular (RV) apical pacing is detrimental to left ventricular function. Preservation of the use of the His‐Purkinje (H‐P) system may be ideal in heart block that is restricted to the AV node, but may be of no benefit when H‐P disease exists. Aim: To investigate the feasibility of direct His‐bundle pacing (DHBP) using a new system consisting of a steerable catheter and a new 4.1 F screw‐in lead. Method: Between May and December 2004, 26 patients (19 male, mean age: 77 ± 5 years) with a standard pacemaker (PM) indication and preserved His‐bundle conduction were enrolled and DHBP was attempted. Results: DHBP was achieved in 24 patients (92%); two patients were paced in the His area, but the paced QRS morphology and duration were different from the native QRS. The mean time for lead positioning was 19 ± 17 minutes, the mean fluoroscopy time was 11 ± 8 minutes, and the total procedure time (skin‐to‐skin including positioning of a quadripolar diagnostic catheter for His recording) was 75 ± 18 minutes. In DHBP pacing, the acute pacing threshold was 2.3 ± 1.0 V at a pulse duration of 0.5 msec, and the sensed potentials were 2.9 ± 2.0 mV. At a 3‐month follow‐up examination, the same QRS duration and morphology recorded on implantation were observed in all patients. The pacing threshold was 2.8 ± 1.4 V, and sensed potentials were 2.5 ± 1.8 mV; the sensing configuration was changed from bipolar to unipolar in 6 patients to resolve undersensing issues. No major complications were observed. Conclusions: This feasibility study shows that DHBP can be accomplished with a new system consisting of a steerable catheter and an active fixation lead in 92% of the patients in whom it was attempted.
Correlation of Symptoms to ECG Diagnosis Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: KLEMM HANNO U. , VENTURA RODOLFO , ROSTOCK THOMAS , BRANDSTRUP BENEDIKT , RISIUS TIM , MEINERTZ THOMAS , WILLEMS STEPHAN 
Published: September 2005

Introduction: Currently, definition of success following atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is commonly based on the lack of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between symptoms and the underlying rhythm after AF ablation. Methods and Results: Eighty consecutive patients (pts) were treated for paroxysmal episodes of AF by segmental ostial ablation of all pulmonary veins and right atrial isthmus ablation. For 6 months pts transmitted transtelephonic (T‐) ECG recordings in combination with comments daily or in the event of symptoms. Eligible comments were classified as: (1) asymptomatic, (2) symptomatic. Analysis was performed at 1‐month intervals, defining an acute (first month) and chronic period (second to sixth month) after ablation. Overall 6,835 T‐ECGs were analyzed. Of these 5,437 (79.5%) showed sinus rhythm (SR) and 1,398 (20.5%) showed AF. Pts in SR reported symptoms for 593 (10.9%) episodes, whereas 4,844 (89.1%) episodes were asymptomatic. During AF, 646 (46.2%) episodes were associated with symptoms, and 752 (53.8%) episodes remained asymptomatic. Exclusively asymptomatic were 7 (8.8%) pts. In 30 (52.6%) of 57 pts with AF, arrhythmic events were confined to the acute phase. Of the remaining 27 pts 14 (52%) reported an improvement, 12 (44%) the same, and 1 (4%) worsened symptoms after 3 months. A significant change (P < 0.01) toward more asymptomatic episodes from the acute (43.5%) to the chronic (57.5 ± 4.5%) period was evident. Conclusion: Assessment of success after AF ablation cannot be based on the absence of symptoms due to a high prevalence of asymptomatic episodes.
Interface reaction at dental implants inserted in condensed bone
Authors: Büchter André , Kleinheinz Johannes , Wiesmann Hans Peter , Jayaranan Mythili , Joos Ulrich , Meyer Ulrich 
Published: September 2005

AbstractPurpose: The influence of the osteotome technique on the interface reaction of cylinder implants (SLA, ITI®) was compared with the interface reaction of conventional implant insertion in an animal model.Material and methods: A total of 64 implants were placed in the cranial and caudal tibia of 8 Göttinger minipigs. The implant site was prepared either by a conventional technique with drills (control group A) or by the osteotome technique (experimental group B). Bone tissue responses were evaluated by histomorphometry, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy after 7 and 28 days of osseointegration.Results: The average initial (7 days) bone‐to‐implant contact ratio was not statistically significantly different for the osteotome technique (35.88±2.94%) than for the control group (43.78±3.39%, P<0.095). After 28 days, the bone‐to‐implant contact ratio became statistically significantly higher when implants were inserted by conventional preparation (44.81±3.07% (group B), 63.47±4.87% (group A), P=0.003). Whereas fluorescence and immunhistologic examination revealed new bone formation with osteocalcin deposition directly at the implant surface in both groups, the extent of direct bone/implant contact was enhanced in conventionally prepared implant sites. SEM analysis confirmed an intimate bone to implant bond without fibrous tissue formation in places of direct contact at an ultrastructured level.Conclusion: Implant placement in conventionally prepared implantation sites is accompanied by an improved interface formation at an early stage of implantation.
Bone–implant contact at calcium phosphate‐coated and porous titanium oxide (TiUnite™)‐modified oral implants
Authors: Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Qahash Mohammed , Lim Won Hee , Shanaman Richard H. , Rohrer Michael D. , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Hall Jan 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground: Calcium phosphate (CP)‐coated implants are usually referred to as having osteoconductive properties, whereas titanium implants with a native oxide layer are considered less osteoconductive. Often smooth titanium oxides (TOs) are compared to relatively rough CP structures. The objective of this study was to evaluate osteoconduction by comparing bone–implant contact at a relatively smooth, highly crystalline CP coating with a structured, porous TO (TiUnite™)‐modified surface.Material and methods: Ten adult Hound Labrador mongrel dogs were used. Four titanium implants (Nobel Biocare) with CP‐coated (2) or TO‐modified (2) surfaces were installed 12 weeks following mandibular premolar and molar teeth extraction. The implants were alternated within and between jaw quadrants in consecutive animals. Mucosal flaps were advanced and sutured leaving the implants in a submerged position. The animals were injected with fluorescent bone labels at 3 and 4 weeks postsurgery, and pre‐euthanasia to monitor progress of bone formation. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery and block biopsies were prepared for histologic and histometric analysis.Results: There were no remarkable differences in bone formation and apparent bone–implant contact comparing the TO‐modified and CP‐coated surfaces. However, the measured average bone–implant contact was 71% and 57% (P=0.027) for TO‐modified and CP‐coated implants, respectively.Conclusions: We conclude that the TO surface exhibits osteoconductive properties exceeding that of the CP surface. One or several of the chemical and physical properties of the TO surface may result in the remarkable bone formation along its surface. This study indicated that crystallinity and/or chemistry may be important.
A Distance‐Drawdown Aquifer Test Method for Aquifers with Areal Anisotropy
Authors: Mutch Robert D 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new distance‐drawdown method for aquifers with anisotropy on the horizontal plane is presented. The method uses scalar transformation to convert to an equivalent, isotropic medium, thus permitting application of the Cooper‐Jacob Method. The method is applicable to cases where at least one ellipse of equal drawdown can be delineated but can also be applied where no ellipse can be discerned from the data. In the latter case, a least‐squares regression approach can be employed to estimate the orientation and magnitude of the anisotropy. The regression R2 value provides a quantitative assessment of the degree to which the drawdown data are indicative of a systematic areal anisotropy in the aquifer or whether the data simply reflect natural aquifer heterogeneity. In addition to confined aquifers, this methodology, like the Cooper‐Jacob Method, is also applicable to unconfined aquifers either before the onset of delayed drainage or following the completion of delayed drainage provided that the u value meets the recommended criterion.
Comparing Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Engineered gp120
Authors: Selvarajah Suganya , Puffer Bridget , Pantophlet Ralph , Law Mansun , Doms Robert W. , Burton Dennis R. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe have engineered monomeric gp120 in such a way as to favorably present the conserved epitope for the broadly neutralizing antibody b12 while lowering the exposure of epitopes recognized by some weakly neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies. The work presented here describes the immune response in rabbits immunized with two prototype, engineered gp120s to explore the relationship between antigenicity and immunogenicity for these mutants. The GDMR gp120 mutant (residues 473 to 476 on gp120 altered from GDMR to AAAA) has a series of substitutions on the edge of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs), and the mCHO gp120 mutant has seven extra glycans relative to the wild-type protein. Importantly, serum mapping showed that both mutants did not elicit antibodies against a number of epitopes that had been targeted for dampening. The sera from rabbits immunized with the GDMR gp120 mutant neutralized some primary viruses at levels somewhat better than the wild-type gp120 immune sera as a result of an increased elicitation of anti-V3 antibodies. Unlike wild-type gp120 immune sera, GDMR gp120 immune sera failed to neutralize HXBc2, a T-cell line adapted (TCLA) virus. This was associated with loss of CD4bs/CD4-induced antibodies that neutralize TCLA but not primary viruses. The mCHO gp120 immune sera did not neutralize primary viruses to any significant degree, reflecting the masking of epitopes of even weakly neutralizing antibodies without eliciting b12-like antibodies. These results show that antibody responses to multiple epitopes on gp120 can be dampened. More precise focusing to a neutralizing epitope will likely require several iterations comparing antigenicity and immunogenicity of engineered proteins.
Temporal and Anatomic Relationship between Virus Replication and Cytokine Gene Expression after Vaginal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Abel Kristina , Rocke David M. , Chohan Barinderpal , Fritts Linda , Miller Christopher J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTThe current knowledge about early innate immune responses at mucosal sites of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry is limited but likely to be important in the design of effective HIV vaccines against heterosexual transmission. This study examined the temporal and anatomic relationship between virus replication, lymphocyte depletion, and cytokine gene expression levels in mucosal and lymphoid tissues in a vaginal-transmission model of HIV in rhesus macaques. The results of the study show that the kinetics of cytokine gene expression levels in the acute phase of infection are positively correlated with virus replication in a tissue. Thus, cytokine responses after vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) inoculation are earliest and strongest in mucosal tissues of the genital tract and lowest in systemic lymphoid tissues. Importantly, the early cytokine response was dominated by the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, while the induction of cytokines with antiviral activity, alpha/beta interferon, occurred too late to prevent virus replication and dissemination. Thus, the early cytokine response favors immune activation, resulting in the recruitment of potential target cells for SIV. Further, unique cytokine gene expression patterns were observed in distinct anatomic locations with a rapid and persistent inflammatory response in the gut that is consistent with the gut being the major site of early CD4 T-cell depletion in SIV infection.
Four-Dimensional Visualization of the Simultaneous Activity of Alternative Adeno-Associated Virus Replication Origins
Authors: Glauser Daniel L. , Saydam Okay , Balsiger N. Alexander , Heid Irma , Linden R. Michael , Ackermann Mathias , Fraefel Cornel 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) contain the AAV Rep protein-binding site (RBS) and the terminal resolution site (TRS), which together act as a minimal origin of DNA replication. The AAV p5 promoter also contains an RBS, which is involved in Rep-mediated regulation of promoter activity, as well as a functional TRS, and origin activity of these signals has in fact been demonstrated previously in the presence of adenovirus helper functions. Here, we show that in the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and AAV Rep protein, p5 promoter-bearing plasmids are efficiently amplified to form large head-to-tail concatemers, which are readily packaged in HSV-1 virions if an HSV-1 DNA-packaging/cleavage signal is provided in
cis
. We also demonstrate simultaneous and independent replication from the two alternative AAV replication origins, p5 and ITR, on the single-cell level using multicolor-fluorescence live imaging, a finding which raises the possibility that both origins may contribute to the AAV life cycle. Furthermore, we assess the differential affinities of Rep for the two different replication origins, p5 and ITR, both in vitro and in live cells and identify this as a potential mechanism to control the replicative and promoter activities of p5.
Structural Peptides of a Nonenveloped Virus Are Involved in Assembly and Membrane Translocation
Authors: Chevalier Christophe , Galloux Marie , Pous Joan , Henry Céline , Denis Jérôme , Da Costa Bruno , Navaza Jorge , Lepault Jean , Delmas Bernard 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

The capsid of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus of the family
Birnaviridae
, has a T=13l icosahedral shell constituted by a single protein, VP2, and several disordered peptides, all derived from the precursor pVP2. In this study, we show that two of the peptides, pep11 and pep46, control virus assembly and cell entry. Deletion of pep11 or even simple substitution of most of its residues blocks the capsid morphogenesis. Removal of pep46 also prevents capsid assembly but leads to the formation of subviral particles formed by unprocessed VP2 species. Fitting with the VP2 atomic model into three-dimensional reconstructions of these particles demonstrates that the presence of uncleaved pep46 causes a steric hindrance at the vertices, blocking fivefold axis formation. Mutagenesis of the pVP2 maturation sites confirms that C terminus processing is necessary for VP2 to acquire the correct icosahedral architecture. All peptides present on virions are accessible to proteases or biochemical labeling. One of them, pep46, is shown to induce large structural rearrangements in liposomes and to destabilize target membranes, demonstrating its implication in cell entry.
CD8
+
Lymphocytes Do Not Mediate Protection against Acute Superinfection 20 Days after Vaccination with a Live Attenuated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Stebbings Richard , Berry Neil , Waldmann Herman , Bird Pru , Hale Geoff , Stott Jim , North David , Hull Robin , Hall Joanna , Lines Jenny , Brown Stuart , D'Arcy Nikki , Davis Leanne , Elsley William , Edwards Cherry , Ferguson Deborah , Allen Jane , Almond Neil 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

In order to test the hypothesis that CD8
+
cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediate protection against acute superinfection, we depleted >99% of CD8
+
lymphocytes in live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus macC8 (SIVmacC8) vaccinees from the onset of vaccination, maintained that depletion for 20 days, and then challenged with pathogenic, wild-type SIVmacJ5. Vaccinees received 5 mg per kg of humanized anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (MAb) 1 h before inoculation, followed by the same dose again on days 3, 7, 10, 13, and 17. On day 13, peripheral CD8
+
T lymphocytes were >99% depleted in three out of four anti-CD8 MAb-treated vaccinees. At this time attenuated SIVmacC8 viral RNA loads in anti-CD8 MAb-treated vaccinees were significantly higher than control vaccinees treated contemporaneously with nonspecific human immunoglobulin. Lymphoid tissue CD8
+
T lymphocyte depletion was >99% in three out of four anti-CD8 MAb-treated vaccinees on the day of wild-type SIVmacJ5 challenge. All four control vaccinees and three out of four anti-CD8 MAb-treated vaccinees were protected against detectable superinfection with wild-type SIVmacJ5. Although superinfection with wild-type SIVmacJ5 was detected at postmortem in a single anti-CD8 MAb-treated vaccinee, this did not correlate with the degree of preceding CD8
+
T lymphocyte depletion. Clearance of attenuated SIVmacC8 viremia coincided with recovery of normal CD8
+
T lymphocyte counts between days 48 and 76. These results support the view that cytotoxic T lymphocytes are important for host-mediated control of SIV primary viremia but do not indicate a central role in protection against acute superinfection conferred by inoculation with live attenuated SIV.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Poly(A)
−
RNA Confers Resistance to Apoptosis Mediated through Fas by Blocking the PKR Pathway in Human Epithelial Intestine 407 Cells
Authors: Nanbo Asuka , Yoshiyama Hironori , Takada Kenzo 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Our recent findings demonstrated that the Epstein-Barr virus-encoding small nonpolyadenylated RNA (EBER) confers resistance to various apoptotic stimuli and contributes to the maintenance of malignant phenotypes in Burkitt's lymphoma. In this study we investigated the role of EBER in the human epithelial Intestine 407 cell line, which is known to be susceptible to Fas (Apo1/CD95)-mediated apoptosis. Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, transduces extracellular signals to the apoptotic cellular machinery, leading to cell death. Transfection of the EBER gene into Intestine 407 cells significantly protected the cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis, whereas EBER-negative cell lines underwent apoptosis after Fas treatment. EBER bound double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), an interferon-inducible serine/threonine kinase, and abrogated its kinase activity. Moreover, expression of the catalytically inactive dominant-negative PKR provided resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Expression of EBER or dominant-negative PKR also inhibited the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a mediator of the cellular response to DNA damage, downstream of the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway. These results in combination indicate that EBER confers resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis by blocking PKR activity in Intestine 407 cells, consistent with the idea that EBER contributes to the maintenance of epithelioid malignancies.
V3 Loop-Determined Coreceptor Preference Dictates the Dynamics of CD4+-T-Cell Loss in Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques
Authors: Ho Siu-hong , Shek Lili , Gettie Agegnehu , Blanchard James , Cheng-Mayer Cecilia 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACTWe used experimental infection of rhesus macaques with envelope gp120 V3 loop isogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) molecular clones to more clearly define the impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptor usage in target cell selectivity and the rates of CD4+-T-cell depletion. Functional assays demonstrate that substitution of the V3 loop of the pathogenic CXCR4-tropic (X4) SHIVSF33A2molecular clone with the corresponding sequences from the CCR5-tropic (R5) SHIVSF162P3isolate resulted in a switch of coreceptor usage from CXCR4 to CCR5. The resultant R5 clone, designated SHIVSF33A2(V3), is replication competent in vivo, infecting two of two macaques by intravenous inoculation with peak viremia that is comparable to that seen in monkeys infected with X4-SHIVSF33A2. But while primary infection with the X4 clone was accompanied by rapid and significant loss of peripheral and secondary lymphoid CD4+T lymphocytes, infection with R5-SHIVSF33A2(V3)led to only a modest and transient loss. However, substantial depletion of intestinal CD4+T cells was observed in R5-SHIVSF33A2(V3)-infected macaques. Moreover, naïve T cells that expressed high levels of CXCR4 were rapidly depleted in X4-SHIVSF33A2-infected macaques, whereas R5-SHIVSF33A2(V3)infection mainly affected memory T cells that expressed CCR5. These findings in a unique isogenic system illustrate that coreceptor usage is the principal determinant of tissue and target cell specificity of the virus in vivo and dictates the dynamics of CD4+-T-cell depletion during SHIV infection.