bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stability of sapling dynamics is regulated by soil phosphorus availability in subtropical forest
Authors: Liang Minxia , Zheng Yi , Johnson David , Burslem David F. R. P. , Shi Liuqing , Zhang Juanjuan , Yu Shixiao , Liu Xubing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

The abiotic and biotic factors that regulate stability in species‐rich forests are poorly resolved, and this limits the ability to predict how climate change and other perturbations impact forest dynamics. Phosphorus limitation and nitrogen deposition are important factors affecting the dynamics and functioning of tropical and subtropical forests, but how long‐term temporal stability of tree communities is affected by availability and heterogeneity of soil phosphorus and nitrogen remains unclear.

We collected annual dynamic data of 20,768 regenerating saplings, which were censused from 2008 to 2019 in a subtropical forest, to investigate how soil nutrients affect the temporal stability of productivity at both population and community levels.

We found that concentrations of soil inorganic phosphorus were significantly and positively correlated with sapling richness and phylogenetic diversity, leading to significantly higher species asynchrony and community temporal stability. By contrast, higher concentrations of organic phosphorus weakened community stability via a negative effect on species richness. Structural equation models provide further strong evidence that increasing concentrations of soil inorganic phosphorus strongly promoted community temporal stability via increased species diversity, species asynchrony and population stability, while organic phosphorus displayed opposite effects. Meanwhile, soil concentrations of available and unavailable forms of nitrogen showed much weaker and negative associations with community stability.

Synthesis. Using a 12‐year data set of sapling demography from a subtropical forest of south China, our study demonstrates that soil phosphorus is an important determinant of the long‐term stability of sapling dynamics and consequently the whole‐community structure, and the composition of soil phosphorus pools predicts the temporal stability and diversity of tree communities in phosphorus‐limited forests.
A novel soluble di‐iron monooxygenase from the soil bacterium Solimonas soli
Authors: Yang Sui Nin Nicholas , Haritos Victoria , Kertesz Michael A. , Coleman Nicholas V. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSoluble di‐iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) enzymes enable insertion of oxygen into diverse substrates and play significant roles in biogeochemistry, bioremediation and biocatalysis. An unusual SDIMO was detected in an earlier study in the genome of the soil organism Solimonas soli, but was not characterized. Here, we show that the S. soli SDIMO is part of a new clade, which we define as ‘Group 7’; these share a conserved gene organization with alkene monooxygenases but have only low amino acid identity. The S. soli genes (named zmoABCD) could be functionally expressed in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 but not in Escherichia coli TOP10. The recombinants made epoxides from C2C8 alkenes, preferring small linear alkenes (e.g. propene), but also epoxidating branched, carboxylated and chlorinated substrates. Enzymatic epoxidation of acrylic acid was observed for the first time. ZmoABCD oxidised the organochlorine pollutants vinyl chloride (VC) and cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene (cDCE), with the release of inorganic chloride from VC but not cDCE. The original host bacterium S. soli could not grow on any alkenes tested but grew well on phenol and n‐octane. Further work is needed to link ZmoABCD and the other Group 7 SDIMOs to specific physiological and ecological roles.
Long‐term efficacy of idebenone in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy according to age at symptom onset and disease phase: Results from the LEROS study
Authors: Llòria Xavier , Yu‐Wai‐Man Patrick , Carelli Valerio , Tomasso Livia , Klopstock Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease resulting in bilateral vision loss. Childhood‐onset LHON has a relatively good prognosis, suggesting that age influences disease progression and, potentially, treatment response. In LEROS, a Phase IV, open‐label interventional study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02774005), visual acuity (VA) outcomes following 24 months of idebenone treatment (IDE) were compared to those of an external Natural History (NH) cohort.Methods: LEROS included patients aged ≥12 years with a disease onset ≤5 years prior. Data from 181 patients were compared to retrospective data from a NH cohort (N = 372), matched by time since symptom onset. Here, we compare clinically relevant recovery (CRR) and clinically relevant worsening (CRW) from baseline to Month 24 in IDE eyes versus NH eyes, stratified by time since symptom onset at baseline: subacute/dynamic (≤1 year) and chronic (>1 year) phase, and by age at symptom onset (<18 years, ≥18 years).Results: In patients aged <18 years, VA outcomes were observed, in IDE versus NH eyes, as follows: CRR: subacute/dynamic 31.8% (7/22) vs 59.1% (13/22), p = 0.048; chronic 31.3% (5/16) vs 21.6% (8/37), p = 0.241; CRW: subacute/dynamic 26.3% (5/19) vs 21.4% (3/14), p = 0.558; chronic 8.3% (1/12) vs 19.2% (5/26), p = 0.078. In patients aged ≥18 years, the following VA outcomes were observed: CRR: subacute/dynamic 51.5% (51/99) vs 22.6% (12/53), p = 0.001; chronic 32.0% (32/100) vs 12.5% (7/56), p < 0.001; CRW: subacute/dynamic 25.7% (19/74) vs 62.9% (22/35), p < 0.001; chronic 1.8% (1/56) vs 20.6% (7/34), p = 0.003.Conclusions: Idebenone improved the ratio of positive to negative VA outcomes. Treatment benefit was particularly pronounced in patients ≥18 years at onset, with only non‐significant positive trends observed in chronic patients <18 years. Results in subacute/dynamic patients aged <18 years were limited by an unusually high recovery rate in the NH cohort, warranting further study.
Risk factors associated with visual performance of enhanced monofocal intraocular lens
Authors: Kim Da Ran 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To investigate the ocular parameters that affect visual acuity and quality with an enhanced monofocal intraocular lens (Tecnis Eyhance ICB00 and Tecnis Eyhance Toric DIU).Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery with ICB00 or DIU by a single surgeon were included. Prior to surgery, the patients' age, gender, axial length, anterior chamber depth, spherical aberration Z (4,0), vertical coma, horizontal coma, angle κ, angle α and other ocular parameters were investigated. At 1 month after surgery, uncorrected near (40 cm, UNVA), intermediate (66 cm, UIVA) and distance logMAR visual acuity (UDVA), IOL decentration amount and a quality of visual acuity (QoV) questionnaire were conducted.Results: A total of 43 patients with 58 eyes were enrolled in this study. The results of univariate linear regression analyses showed a negative correlation between spherical aberration and logMAR UNVA and UIVA (p = 0.003, β = −0.51 and p = 0.018, β = −0.23, respectively), and a positive correlation between angle α and logMAR UIVA (p = 0.036, β = 0.19). Deeper anterior chamber depth was associated with poorer total QoV (p = 0.018, β = 14.43), particularly in the glare, halo, blurred and fluctuation perception. A higher amount of IOL decenteration showed a tendency to decrease UNVA and UIVA (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.336, r = 0.221), but there was no significant effect on UDVA (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.042).Conclusions: In enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses, a higher level of spherical aberration is associated with better performance in near and intermediate visual acuity, while a larger angle α has a negative impact. A deeper anterior chamber depth negatively effects on the quality of visual acuity. Moreover, as the amount of IOL decentration increases, there is a tendency for a decrease in near and intermediate visual acuity.References1. Xu J, Lin P, Zhang S, Lu Y, Zheng T. Risk Factors Associated with Intraocular Lens Decentration After Cataract Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol. 2022 Oct;242:88–95.2. Schmid R, Luedtke H, Borkenstein AF. Effect of decentration and tilt on four novel extended range of vision intraocular lenses regarding far distance. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2022 Sep 26:11206721221128864.
Proteomic changes in age‐related cataract and post‐vitrectomy cataract
Authors: Karakosta Christina , Samiotaki Martina , Bisoukis Anastasios , Papakonstantinou Dimitrios , Moschos Marilita 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To present distinct signalling pathways involved in the development of age‐related cataract (ARC) and post‐vitrectomy cataract (PVC).Methods: Three sample groups, for example, the aqueous humour, the anterior capsule and the content of the phaco cassette, were collected during cataract surgery. The samples were collected from 12 patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), older than 75 years old, and from 7 patient patients without DM, who had undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment in the past 12 months. The samples were prepared based on Sp3 protocol (single‐pot, solid‐phase‐enhanced, sample‐preparation). The recognition and quantification of proteins was performed with liquid chromatography online with tandem mass spectrometry. Data analysis was performed using the DIA‐NN software for identification and quantification of peptides and proteins. Perseus software was used for statistical analysis and data visualization.Results: Wnt signalling pathway and oxidation–reduction pathway were significantly upregulated in the content of the phaco cassette samples of ARC, while proteasome complex and complement/coagulation cascades pathways were upregulated in those of PVC. Regulation of complement pathway was significantly upregulated in all three samples of PVC. Lipid/fatty acid oxidation and response to hydrogen peroxide pathways were upregulated in anterior capsule samples of PVC.Conclusions: Comparisons between the three sample types of ARC and PVC, revealed proteomic profiles and deregulated pathways, that clarify the pathophysiology of those types of cataract. These data sets may allow the identification of specific proteins as druggable targets against cataract.
SR1375: Phase 1 results of a novel, orally administered lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 inhibitor targeting diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Hu Yanan , Gong Xuechun , Ma Shiping , Bai Ruxing , Wang Pan , Li Hong , Wu Mingyue , Li Yang , Wang Fei , Li Shuai , Wu Kai 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Lipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) activity have been linked to a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy and inhibiting Lp‐PLA2 activity showed improvement in vision and macular oedema for patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME). SR1375 is an orally available, selective inhibitor of Lp‐PLA2 that shows significant retinal vascular leakage reduction in preclinical studies, and is being developed for DME. A phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study is conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of SR1375 in healthy subjects.Methods: A total of 72 healthy subjects were enrolled, with 54 had received SR1375. 48 subjects were in the single ascending dose arms (1, 3, 10, 30, 100 and 200 mg) while 24 subjects were in the multiple ascending dose arms (5, 15 and 50 mg once daily for 14 days).Results: SR1375 was safe and well tolerated across all doses. It had excellent oral absorption with the exposure level increasing in an approximately dose proportional manner after single and multiple doses. The elimination of SR1375 was slow with a long t1/2 ranging from 28.8 to 90.0 h. The accumulation of SR1375 was not significant after multiple administrations. The plasma inhibition on Lp‐PLA2 activity by SR1375 was strong (up to 95%) and enduring, which was correlated with the concentration of SR1375 (IC50 as 1.41 ng/mL) and almost returned to basal level when the concentration of SR1375 was low enough.Conclusions: SR1375 was safe and effective in inhibiting plasma Lp‐PLA2. The safety and PK/PD profile supports the once daily therapy. A Phase 2 study for DME patients is planned later this year. It would be a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled trial. The primary objective is to assess the effect of SR1375 on vision and oedema.
Ganglion cell loss in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Gawęcki Maciej , Grzybowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the amount of deficit of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and individual retinal layers, including ganglion cells, in different types of CSCR and with the reference to its duration.Methods: The retrospective analysis included 69 eyes of patients with resolved CSCR managed in Dobry Wzrok Ophthalmological Clinic between 01.01.2019 and 30.06.2022. The diagnosis of CSCR was based on the criteria outlined by the Central Serous Chorioretinopathy International Group. The analysis included data obtained from medical history, BCVA testing, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) measurements, with specific thickness values for individual retinal layers. The results were compared among affected eyes, unaffected fellow eyes and healthy controls.Results: BCVA values were significantly lower in acute (0.08 ± 0.12 logMAR) and chronic (0.26 ± 0.19 logMAR) versus controls (0.0 logMAR). The thickness of all retinal layers (central subfoveal thickness, CST; inner retina with ganglion cell complex, GC; outer retina, ORT; and photoreceptor outer segments, POS) and macular volume (MV) were significantly decreased in chronic eyes versus controls (p < 0.01). Acute eyes had significant thinning of the outer retina and POS only compared to control eyes (p < 0.01). The amount of deficit in CST, ORT, GC and MV was strongly correlated with poorer BCVA (p < 0.001), and the deficit of CST, ORT and GC was correlated with disease duration (p < 0.05). The subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly greater in affected and fellow eyes versus controls (p < 0.001).Conclusions: Damage to the outer retina and photoreceptors occurs early in the course of CSCR, with a deficit in ganglion cells noted adjunctively in chronic forms of the disease. Further studies are required to precisely determine correlation between visual loss in CSCR and deficits in individual retinal layers.
Discrepancies in central foveal intensity with different autofluorescence modalities in CNGB3‐associated achromatopsia and correlation with integrity of ellipsoid zone on optical coherence tomography
Authors: Akhtar Haseeb , Lam Jeffrey , Arno Gavin , Webster Andrew R. , Michaelides Michel , Mahroo Omar 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: Autofluorescence (AF) imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) aid assessment of retinal disease. We compared relative central foveal signal intensity obtained with two AF platforms in patients with CNGB3‐associated achromatopsia, identifying cases with apparent discrepancy between the two modalities. We then explored whether such discrepancies associated with ellipsoid zone (EZ) features on OCT.Methods: Patients with CNGB3‐associated disease were identified from the genetic database of a large referral centre. Those who had undergone blue (488 nm) AF (Heidelberg Spectralis) and green (532 nm) AF (Optos plc) imaging during the same visit were included. The central foveal signal was graded qualitatively in as brighter or darker compared to the wider macular region. OCT images from the same visit were also graded as to whether there the EZ line was continuous centrally. This grading was performed blinded to the AF grading.Results: Forty‐four patients (24 females) were included. Mean (SD) age was 32 (18) years. Each patient had the same AF grading for both eyes with each modality. For blue AF images, the central foveal signal was darker in all cases; for green AF images, the central fovea was darker in most, but brighter in 12 patients (4 females). Mean (SD) age of this group was 23 (13) years, whilst mean (SD) age of the other patients was 36 (19) years. Patients showing discrepancy were significantly younger (p = 0.028). The central EZ line was gradable in 43 patients: it was interrupted in 33% (n = 14) of right and 33% (n = 14) of left eyes. All patients in whom AF discrepancy was seen had a continuous EZ line centrally.Conclusions: Discrepancy was observed between the two AF modalities in 27% of patients, where the central fovea appeared hyperfluorescent in green, but not in blue, AF images. These patients were significantly younger, and all had a continuous EZ line centrally. The findings further define structural alterations in achromatopsia.
Changes in macular sensitivity in long‐term type 1 diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy after 5 years of follow‐up
Authors: Fernández‐Espinosa Guisela , Orduna‐Hospital Elvira , Sopeña‐Pinilla María , Bielsa‐Alonso Sofía , Arias‐Álvarez Marta , Tomás‐Grasa Cristina , Boned‐Murillo Ana , Díaz‐Barreda María Dolores , Acha‐Pérez Javier , Pinilla Isabel 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To compare macular sensitivity measured with microperimetry in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) without signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) after 5 years of follow‐up.Methods: Twenty‐six eyes from 26 long‐term DM1 patients without DR signs were included. All participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, fundoscopy, axial length and microperimetry examination using macular integrity assessment (MAIA) microperimeter (Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The data wERE compared with the macular sensitivity results obtained 5 years ago. Nonparametric tests were used for the comparison (Mann–Whitney U test).Results: The mean age of the DM1 patients was 43.04 ± 11.03 years and their disease evolution time was 29.69 ± 9.25 years with good glycaemic control (HbA1c = 7.47 ± 0.84%). Regarding sex distribution, 11 eyes were from women (42.3%) and 15 were from men (57.7%). The DM1 patients did not show statistically significant changes in macular sensitivity in any of the macular rings between 2018 and 2023 with p > 0.05. Central macular sensitivity had no significant changes with p = 0.378, and a mean of 27.38 ± 2.55 dB in 2018 versus a mean of 27.77 ± 2.46 dB in 2023. Macular integrity, fixation stability P1 and fixation stability P2 remained unchanged, p = 0.292, p = 0.861 and p = 0.529, respectively, showing no decrease in retinal sensitivity.Conclusions: Long term DM1 patients with no DR lesions show no changes in macular sensitivity after 5 years of follow‐up.
Inflammation status after retinal detachment could be modulate by TP53 gene
Authors: Galindo‐Cabello Nadia , Pérez‐Prieto Paula , Fernández‐Fernández Julio , López‐García Antonio , García‐Vázquez Carmen , Rodríguez‐Cabello José , Lapresa Rebeca , Almeida Angeles , Pastor‐Idoate Salvador , Usategui‐Martin Ricardo 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: The TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism has been linked to the risk of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and may alter the functional prognosis of individuals with retinal detachment (RD). The current study aims to determine the effect of the TP53 Arg72Pro variant on inflammation and apoptosis following RD.Methods: Sixty patients undergoing RD surgery were included in the study. Using the PCR‐RFLP method, the TP53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was identified in peripheral blood. A RD model was also performed in humanized TP53 Arg72Pro KI mice. In human and animal retinal tissues, mRNA expression for genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis were examined using comparative quantitative PCR (qPCR). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the mouse retina. For statistical analysis, the SPSS v15 program was employed.Results: After RD, mice with the proline mutation exhibited increased expression of the inflammatory genes TGFB1, IL1 and IL6. Additionally, after RD, the immunoexpression of retinal GFAP was also raised in the Pro variant. Carriers of the Arg/Arg mutation displayed an increase in the relative mRNA expression of the BAX and CASP3 intrinsic apoptotic genes in retinal tissue after RD in patients and mice model.Conclusions: The human TP53 Arg72Pro genetic variant has been linked to inflammation and retinal cellular death after RD, suggesting that it could be a genetic biomarker for RD prognosis.Funded: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain Government) (PID2020‐114585RA‐I00).
Are there any differences in the retina and optic nerve anatomies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?
Authors: López Carmen Miquel , Hernández Antonio Eusebio López , García‐Ayuso Diego , Medina José Javier García , Vellosillo Monica Del Río , Abellán Maria Victoria Navarro , de los Reyes Retamero Sánchez María , Matallana Maravillas De Paco 
Published: January 2024

Aims/Purpose: To compare different macular, peripapillary and papillary parameters between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and normotypical subjects.Methods: In this observational, prospective, case–control study a group of 50 subjects with ADHD were compared with a group of 50 normotypical subjects (controls). Both groups underwent a complete ophthalmological study and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements including thickness of the entire retina, inner and outer layers thickness at the macula using 1–3‐6 mm Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid, peripapillary nerve fibre layer (pRFNL) thickness and Bruch's membrane opening‐minimum rim width (BMO‐MRW) parameters. Both eyes, the right and the left one, were compared independently between both groups.Results: When analysing the macula, it was seen a diffuse thinning of complete retina, inner retina and outer retina presenting symmetrical thinning patterns in both eyes in ADHD. The thickness of all pRNFL sectors were also significantly reduced in both eyes in ADHD in all the quadrants. However, BMO‐MRW parameters did not show any differences in any eye between both groups.Conclusions: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with a diffuse thinning of the entire retina, inner retina and outer retina, furthermore pRNFL was also significantly reduced in both eyes.