bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Large Steam Turbine
Authors: Johnson J. F. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The development of the large steam turbine, which has taken place within recent years, is largely attributable to the rapid growth of the electric-power industry, and the records of performance of fourteen turbines varying in capacity from 30,000 to 70,000 kw. which the author presents and which cover a period of four years, are accordingly of interest in showing the reliability of such large units and exceedingly valuable as evidence of the service to be expected.
The design of such large units naturally presents many problems, and those relating to steam areas, rotor speed, blade proportion, number of stages and rotor dimensions are dealt with by the author at some length. The construction of such large units also involves many problems, and those dealing with exhaust chambers, cylinders, bearings, oil-circulating and cooling systems, couplings, etc., are briefly discussed.
Relation of Efficiency to Capacity in the Boiler Room
Authors: Phillips Victor B. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
By typical cost figures the author shows that 90 per cent of the cost of producing steam is for fuel and fixed charges (including labor). He states that these two charges are of almost equal importance, and that their reduction depends respectively on the attainment of efficiency and capacity. He then sets about to establish the procedure for determining the relation of maximum efficiency at various loads to those variables of operation which the fireman may observe and over which he must exercise control. Test data on a B. & W. boiler equipped with a Taylor stoker for a very wide range of operating conditions are used to illustrate the procedure and to show the validity of the selection of variables.
The data applying to the furnace and boiler are shown respectively in charts having efficiency and capacity as coordinates, and the interrelation of the operating variables is indicated, as on steam charts, by lines of constant values. These two charts are then combined into a single chart having as coordinates overall efficiency and capacity of the steam-generating plant, and which graphically represents the two objects to be sought — efficiency and capacity — in terms of the variables of operation through the manipulation of which they may be obtained.
The striking test results shown in the furnace operation chart are discussed in an appendix, which also gives details of the procedure employed.
Test of a Motor Fire Engine
Authors: Judd Horace 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The paper contains the results of a test of a Seagrave motor fire engine having a 4-cycle, water-cooled, six-cylinder motor, 5¾ in. cylinder bore by 6½ in. stroke, 79.3 hp. by A.L.A.M. rating. The motor operated a four-stage centrifugal pump with balanced end thrust.
The maximum capacity was found to be 745 gal. per min. at 122 lb. pressure at discharge of pump, with 2-in. smooth nozzle and 250-ft. hose line with Siamese union. Gasoline used per hour, 0.218 gal. per hp. at rated load.
With coal at $2 per ton (2000 lb.) and gasoline at 25 cents per gal., the cost of producing a fire stream with the motor fire engine is four times that with a steamer. As compared with the horse-drawn engine the motor engine can reach a fire in half the time, is readily converted from locomobile to pumping engine, is more easily and economically operated, and eliminates entirely the expense of maintaining horses for transportation. Its duty is nearly six times that of a steamer.
Plotting Blower-Test Curves
Authors: Anderson A. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
To the several methods of plotting blower-test curves another method is here added, whose utility is demonstrated by the solution of problems from graphically recorded test data. Diagrams are given for impellers with blades tilted forward, with blades radial, and with blades tilted backward, the coordinates used being revolutions per minute and static pressure in inches of water. Two series of curves are given, one showing various rates of discharge in cubic feet per second, and the other the volumes discharged per second per horsepower.
The Submarine
Authors: Bedell C. H. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
After a few brief historical notes on early hand-propelled submarines, the author describes Holland’s first practical submarine, a construction made possible by employing the gasoline engine, storage batteries and electric motors — all then in process of development. He then deals with the construction, equipment and operation of the U. S. Submarine M-1, a boat 200 ft. in length, discussing such topics as the periscope, Diesel submarine engines, diving, balancing, the rescue of men from a sunken submarine, etc. Incidentally, several misconceptions under which the author of Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea labored, are pointed out.
Accident Prevention in the Textile Industry
Authors: Beyer David S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The author emphasizes the fact that the textile plants have an abnormally high proportion of mechanical accidents. This condition arises from the combination of (1) a relatively large number of machines in operation in textile plants, (2) female and child labor, much of which is non-English-speaking, and (3) an ever-present temptation to clean the machines while they are in operation.
As a means of accident prevention interlocking guards, gear guards, belt guards and belt shifters are discussed fully, and other safety provisions such as the elimination of all protruding set screws, keys, bolls or other dangerous projections from revolving parts, and the guarding of projecting shaft ends, are touched upon.
The process of guarding existing and new machinery is then taken up and a set of safety standards in actual use in a textile plant is given, specifying the safety equipment for gears, sprockets, dangerous projections, pickers, cards, lap machines and doublers, drawing, winding, ring spinning and twisting frames, looms, etc.
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
Probio-M8 alleviates abnormal behavior and regulates gut microbiota in a mouse model suffering from autism
Authors: Miao Zhuangzhuang , Chen Lin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Jiachao , Zhang Heping 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Probiotics can effectively improve a variety of neurological diseases, but there is little research on autism, and the specific mechanism is unclear. In this study, shotgun metagenomics analysis was used to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of
Bifidobacterium animalis
subsp.
lactis
Probio-M8 on autism. The results showed that Probio-M8 treatment significantly alleviated valproate (VPA)-induced autism in mice, with autistic symptoms characterized by increased stereotyped behaviors such as grooming, reduced learning ability, and decreased desire to socialize. Further studies have found that Probio-M8 can alleviate autism by optimizing gut microbiota diversity and regulating metabolic levels. Probio-M8 regulates gut microbiota structure by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as
Bifidobacterium globosum
and
Akkermansia muciniphila
. In addition, Probio-M8 regulates metabolic activity by increasing levels of choline, which corrects CAZy disorders. In conclusion, Probio-M8 is therapeutic in the VPA-induced autism mouse model by regulating the gut microbiome and metabolic levels.

IMPORTANCE
Individuals with autism often exhibit symptoms of social invariance, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, and repetitive behaviors. However, early intervention and treatment can be effective in improving social skills and mitigating autism symptoms, including behaviors related to irritability. Although taking medication for autism may lead to side effects such as weight gain, probiotics can be an ideal intervention for alleviating these symptoms. In this study, we investigated the effects of Probio-M8 intervention on the behavior of autistic mice using an open-field test, a three-chamber sociability test, and a novel object recognition test. Metagenomic analysis revealed differences in gut microbiota diversity among groups, predicted changes in metabolite levels, and functionally annotated CAZy. Additionally, we analyzed serum neurotransmitter levels and found that probiotics were beneficial in mitigating neurotransmitter imbalances in mice with autism.
The Technique of Tribological Studies of SiSiC High-Speed Thrust Bearings
Authors: Erofeev M. N. , Splavskiy I. S. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to model tribological experiments and analysis of the research results obtained for new materials and coatings, such as SiSiC, with the aim to rank them and to make recommendations for use in thrust hydrodynamic friction units operating at high speeds and loads.
Development of a statistical analysis software for determining effectiveness of a comprehensive fall risk management protocol
Authors: Attanayake Pavitra Manjari , Reither Jonathon 
Published: December 2023

IntroductionAs the leading cause of fatal injuries in geriatric populations, falls are a serious health concern with a predicted rate of seven fall-related deaths per hour by 2030. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is a screening tool proposed by the Center for Disease Control for evaluating patients’ risk of falling (‘fall risk’). However, there exist no current protocols on how to use the test results to decrease fall risk. The Fall Prevention Protocol (FPP) is a new comprehensive fall prevention programme created to address the lack of standardised TUG test follow-up in an Advanced Primary Care (APC) clinical setting. The programme provides a comprehensive approach for identifying fall risk and creating an individualised intervention plan to reduce the likelihood of falls. Due to the recent creation and implementation of FPP, there have been no efforts made to quantitatively prove that the FPP is more effective at reducing falls than the use of the TUG test alone without an established protocol for intervention.MethodsThis quality improvement project focuses on creating a user-friendly statistical analysis software for determining the effectiveness of the FPP compared with just using the TUG test without a standardised post-test protocol in reducing the number of falls in geriatric patients in an APC setting. The software—created using MATLAB R2022b and finalised as a stand-alone computer application—takes in data sets of patient fall history, determines the best statistical test for comparing the data, then analyses and provides users with a conclusion regarding which protocol is more beneficial for reducing falls.ResultsThe developed software was proven to be user-friendly, able to be used in a healthcare setting with minimal necessary training, and deemed appropriate for data analysis of future fall risk protocol effectiveness testing.
Community cancer screening at primary care level in Northern India: determinants and policy implications for cancer prevention
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Khanna Divya , Pradhan Satyajit , Birur Praveen 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveDespite the established cancer screening programme for oral, breast and cervical cancer by the Government of India, the screening coverage remains inadequate. This study aimed to describe the determinants for oral, breast and cervical cancer prevention in a rural community at the primary care level of Northern India and its policy implications.DesignThis was a camp-based project conducted for 1 year, using oral visual examination, clinical breast examination and visual inspection of cervix by application of 5% acetic acid according to primary healthcare operational guidelines. During the project, screen-positive participants were followed through reverse navigation. Information about socio-demographic profile, clinical and behavioural history and screening were collected. Predictors for screen-positivity and follow-up compliance were identified through multivariable analysis.SettingsBased on the aim of project, one of the remotely located and low socioeconomic rural blocks, having 148 villages (estimated population of 254 285) in Varanasi district, India was selected as the service site. There is an established healthcare delivery and referral system as per the National Health Mission of Government of India. Oral, breast, gallbladder and cervical cancers are the leading cancers in the district.ParticipantsWe invited all men and women aged 30–65 years residing in the selected block for the last 6 months for the screening camps. Unmarried women, women with active vaginal bleeding, those currently pregnant and those who have undergone hysterectomy were excluded from cervical cancer screening.ResultsA total of 14 338 participants were screened through 190 camps and the majority (61.9%) were women. Hindu religion, tobacco use, intention to quit tobacco and presence of symptoms were significantly associated with screen-positivity. Nearly one-third (220; 30.1%) of the screened-positives complied with follow-up. Young age and illiteracy were significantly associated with lower compliance.ConclusionPoor follow-up compliance, despite the availability of tertiary cancer care, patient navigation, free transportation and diagnostic services, calls for research to explore the role of contextual factors and develop pragmatic interventions to justify ‘close the care gap’. Community cancer screening needs strengthening through cancer awareness, establishing referral system and integration with the National Tobacco Control and Cancer Registry Programmes.
Application of cloud server-based machine learning for assisting pathological structure recognition in IgA nephropathy
Authors: Huang Yu-Lin , Liu Xiao Qi , Huang Yang , Jin Feng Yong , Zhao Qing , Wu Qin Yi , Ma Kun Ling 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundMachine learning (ML) models can help assisting diagnosis by rapidly localising and classifying regions of interest (ROIs) within whole slide images (WSIs). Effective ML models for clinical decision support require a substantial dataset of ‘real’ data, and in reality, it should be robust, user-friendly and universally applicable.MethodsWSIs of primary IgAN were collected and annotated. The H-AI-L algorithm which could facilitate direct WSI viewing and potential ROI detection for clinicians was built on the cloud server of matpool, a shared internet-based service platform. Model performance was evaluated using F1-score, precision, recall and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC).ResultsThe F1-score of glomerular localisation in WSIs was 0.85 and 0.89 for the initial and pretrained models, respectively, with corresponding recall values of 0.79 and 0.83, and precision scores of 0.92 and 0.97. Dichotomous differentiation between global sclerotic (GS) and other glomeruli revealed F1-scores of 0.70 and 0.91, and MCC values of 0.55 and 0.87, for the initial and pretrained models, respectively. The overall F1-score of multiclassification was 0.81 for the pretrained models. The total glomerular recall rate was 0.96, with F1-scores of 0.68, 0.56 and 0.26 for GS, segmental glomerulosclerosis and crescent (C), respectively. Interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy lesion similarity between the true label and model predictions was 0.75.ConclusionsOur results underscore the efficacy of the ML integration algorithm in segmenting ROIs in IgAN WSIs, and the internet-based model deployment is in favour of widespread adoption and utilisation across multiple centres and increased volumes of WSIs.
Direct Speech Translation for Automatic Subtitling
Authors: Papi Sara , Gaido Marco , Karakanta Alina , Cettolo Mauro , Negri Matteo , Turchi Marco 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Automatic subtitling is the task of automatically translating the speech of audiovisual content into short pieces of timed text, i.e., subtitles and their corresponding timestamps. The generated subtitles need to conform to space and time requirements, while being synchronized with the speech and segmented in a way that facilitates comprehension. Given its considerable complexity, the task has so far been addressed through a pipeline of components that separately deal with transcribing, translating, and segmenting text into subtitles, as well as predicting timestamps. In this paper, we propose the first direct speech translation model for automatic subtitling that generates subtitles in the target language along with their timestamps with a single model. Our experiments on 7 language pairs show that our approach outperforms a cascade system in the same data condition, also being competitive with production tools on both in-domain and newly released out-domain benchmarks covering new scenarios.
The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the assessment of pelvic urine leakage and diagnosis of urinoma
Authors: Moradkhani Asra , Zangi Mona , Azami Mobin , Ghasemi-Rad Mohammad , Pakniyat Abdolghader 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Urinoma, a rare condition resulting from urine leakage due to trauma to the kidney, bladder, or urethra, is typically diagnosed using enhanced computed tomography urogram with delayed imaging. This report presents two cases of urinoma likely caused by overdistention of the renal pelvis following excessive fluid intake and the presence of a ureteral stone.

Case presentation
We present two cases of 36-year-old and 38-year-old patients who presented with flank pain. point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) played a pivotal role in identifying perinephric fluid in Morrison’s space and the splenorenal space, respectively. These ultrasound findings guided further investigations, leading to definitive diagnoses via abdominal pelvic CT scans. Treatment involved prophylactic antibiotics and the successful placement of a double J stent into the renal pelvis over the wire under fluoroscopic guidance, which resulted in significant clinical improvement for both patients.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the rare occurrence of urinoma from urolithiasis, the use of POCUS in expediting diagnosis and treatment, and the importance of interpreting sonographic images in the correct clinical setting.
A case report on para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis: an unresolved mystery
Authors: Hasan Md. Mehedi , Proma Sanghita Banik , Hossain Md. Saddam , Arifuzzaman Md. , Islam Naylla , Siddique Md. Abu Bakar , Amiruzzaman  
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis that occurs 2–3 years after an apparently successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In rare cases, PKDL occurs concurrently with VL and is characterized by fever, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly or lymphadenopathy, and poor nutritional status and is known as Para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (Para-KDL). Co-association of active VL in PKDL patients is documented in Africa, but very few case reports are found in South Asia.

Case summary
We present a case of Para-kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (Para-KDL) in a 50-year-old male patient with a history of one primary Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) and 2 times relapse of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The patient presented with fever, skin lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory tests revealed LD bodies in the slit skin smear and splenic biopsy. The patient was treated with two cycles of Amphotericin B with Miltefosine in between cycles for 12 weeks to obtain full recovery.

Conclusion
This case report serves as a reminder that Para-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis can develop as a consequence of prior visceral leishmaniasis episodes, even after apparently effective therapy. Since para-kala-azar is a source of infectious spread, endemics cannot be avoided unless it is effectively recognized and treated.
The benign nature and rare occurrence of cardiac myxoma as a possible consequence of the limited cardiac proliferative/ regenerative potential: a systematic review
Authors: Shafi Ovais , Siddiqui Ghazia , Jaffry Hassam A. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiac Myxoma is a primary tumor of heart. Its origins, rarity of the occurrence of primary cardiac tumors and how it may be related to limited cardiac regenerative potential, are not yet entirely known. This study investigates the key cardiac genes/ transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways to understand these important questions.

Methods
Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles without any date restrictions, involving cardiac myxoma, cardiac genes/TFs/signaling pathways and their roles in cardiogenesis, proliferation, differentiation, key interactions and tumorigenesis, with focus on cardiomyocytes.

Results
The cardiac genetic landscape is governed by a very tight control between proliferation and differentiation-related genes/TFs/pathways. Cardiac myxoma originates possibly as a consequence of dysregulations in the gene expression of differentiation regulators including Tbx5, GATA4, HAND1/2, MYOCD, HOPX, BMPs. Such dysregulations switch the expression of cardiomyocytes into progenitor-like state in cardiac myxoma development by dysregulating Isl1, Baf60 complex, Wnt, FGF, Notch, Mef2c and others.
The Nkx2–5 and MSX2 contribute predominantly to both proliferation and differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells (CPCs), may possibly serve roles based on the microenvironment and the direction of cell circuitry in cardiac tumorigenesis. The Nkx2–5 in cardiac myxoma may serve to limit progression of tumorigenesis as it has massive control over the proliferation of CPCs. The cardiac cell type-specific genetic programming plays governing role in controlling the tumorigenesis and regenerative potential.

Conclusion
The cardiomyocytes have very limited proliferative and regenerative potential. They survive for long periods of time and tightly maintain the gene expression of differentiation genes such as Tbx5, GATA4 that interact with tumor suppressors (TS) and exert TS like effect. The total effect such gene expression exerts is responsible for the rare occurrence and benign nature of primary cardiac tumors. This prevents the progression of tumorigenesis. But this also limits the regenerative and proliferative potential of cardiomyocytes. Cardiac Myxoma develops as a consequence of dysregulations in these key genes which revert the cells towards progenitor-like state, hallmark of CM. The CM development in carney complex also signifies the role of TS in cardiac cells.