bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depicting the anatomy of the gyral white matter: ubi sumus? quo vadimus?
Authors: Dannhoff Guillaume , Poudel Phanindra P , Bhattarai Chacchu , Kalthur Sneha Guruprasad , Maldonado Igor L 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
A cerebral gyrus is made up of an external layer of folded cortex and an inner core of white matter. The architecture of the core has specific features that make it distinct from the white matter of the deep brain regions. Limited externally by the grey matter that covers the top of the gyrus and the neighbouring sulci, this gyral white matter is made up of a mix of fibre populations with multiple directions and destinations. The presence of densely packed fibres with multiple crossings, the proximity to the cortex and the existence of inter-regional and inter-individual variations make the task of depicting this microanatomy extremely challenging. The topic is, however, of paramount relevance for both fundamental and applied neurosciences. This fibre colocalization is crucial for the functional role of each cerebral region and is key to clinical manifestations in cases of parenchymal damage. As track tracing, imaging and dissection are based on different biological or physical principles, it is natural for their results to sometimes be different, but they are often complementary. As the amount of available information increases, it becomes fragmented due to the multiplicity of methods, target phenomena and studied species. In this scoping review, we present the key concepts and map the primary sources of evidence regarding identifying the fibre pathways that compose the gyral white matter, enabling the discussion of avenues for future research. The general pattern in which these pathways are distributed in the gyral white matter was detailed, and the main variations as a function of brain topography were explained and illustrated with typical examples.
Percutaneous closure of giant saphenous vein graft aneurysm
Authors: Loh Shu Xian , McQuillan Conor , Sharabi Alaa H , Egred Mohaned 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Aneurysmal dilatation of saphenous vein grafts used for coronary artery bypass grafting is a rare complication. These aneurysms are often large in calibre and pose a risk of rupture with significant haemorrhage.

Case summary
We describe a case whereby a large saphenous vein graft aneurysm is closed percutaneously using a vascular plug to cease flow and promote thrombosis of the aneurysm whilst reconstructing the occluded native artery to negate ischaemia.

Conclusion
Saphenous vein graft aneurysms following coronary artery bypass graft are rare and late complications. The preferred modality of closure is via percutaneous approach that requires meticulous planning to achieve a good outcome.
A case report of virtual reality-guided percutaneous coronary intervention for anomalous origin of right coronary artery chronic total occlusion
Authors: Higami Hirooki , Saito Hiroki , Endo Hideaki , Matsuo Hitoshi , Tsuchikane Etsuo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Engagement of the guiding catheter (GC) for the coronary artery is sometimes difficult, depending on the patient’s anatomy. The most suitable GC before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in individual cases has not been determined yet.

Case summary
An 81-year-old woman who had a right coronary artery chronic total occlusion had difficulty to engage the catheter for the right coronary artery in the first examination. Virtual reality (VR)-guided GC simulation before PCI using cardiac computed tomography (CT) could overcome the difficulty of GC engagement for the coronary artery and achieve procedure success.

Discussion
VR-guided GC simulation has the potential to solve the catheter approach difficulty for any cardiovascular intervention.
Adverse Events and Compliance Among Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated With Home- vs Office-Based Biologic Infusions
Authors: Schmoyer Christopher J , Sun Kelly , Zack Jeremy , Kumar Priyanka , Shivashankar Raina 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Biologic medications are a common therapy for those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are limited data on the outcomes of home-based biologic infusions for patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of biologic infusions for IBD patients who receive either home- or office-based administration.

Methods
Patients receiving infliximab or vedolizumab were analyzed retrospectively over a period of 152 weeks. Survival free of major adverse events including delayed infusion reaction, steroid initiation, drug discontinuation, or IBD-related emergency department visits, admission, and surgery were compared using a Kaplan-Meier curve. Individual adverse events, infusion-.related quality measures, and markers of patient adherence were analyzed.

Results
Adverse event–free survival was greater among those receiving home-based infusion (n = 154) compared with office-based infusion (n = 133). The office infusion cohort had higher rates of delayed infusion reactions (4 vs 0), IBD-related surgery (6 vs 0), and drug discontinuation (44 vs 35); this was a sicker cohort of patients compared with those in the home infusion group. Home infusion patients were less likely to receive correct weight-based dosing for infliximab (71.7% vs 89.3%), obtain labs for drug monitoring (53.2% vs 71.4%), and adhere to routine clinic visits (37.9% vs 58.1%).

Conclusions
The home-based infusion of biologics for IBD appears safe with lower rates of major adverse events compared with office-based infusions. However, those receiving home infusion were less likely to receive correct weight-based dosing for infliximab and were poorly adherent to routine follow-up.
Organic orchard floor management in peach: effects on arthropods and associated fruit injury in the Intermountain West
Authors: Freundlich Grace E , Schaeffer Robert N , Tebeau Andrew S , Black Brent L , Ransom Corey V , Reeve Jennifer R , Alston Diane G 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Understanding orchard floor management is critical to organic tree-fruit production systems given its impact on weeds, soil fertility, tree health, and crop yield. Several viable options are available to producers for weed management and promotion of organic fertility, including use of turf and broadleaf alleyway covers and living and nonliving tree-row mulches. While these measures can be effective, little is known about how these strategies influence arthropod pests, which cause fruit injury. Here, we assessed 6 organic orchard floor management strategies for their impact on arthropod abundance and diversity in an organic peach production system in northern Utah from 2010 to 2014, using sweep netting and pitfall collections along with observed peach fruit damage. Generally, we found that alleyway and tree-row treatments had no impact on total arthropod diversity, species richness, or community diversity. However, earwig (Forficula auricularia) abundance was significantly impacted by alleyway and tree-row treatments that resulted in increased fruit injury. Trefoil alleyway treatments consistently increased earwig abundance across life-history stages, while mulch or Alyssum (straw) tree-row treatments harbored more earwigs and, as a result, increased earwig fruit injury. Since earwigs are especially prone to damaging young, developing fruits, it is imperative that more work is done to assess earwig abundances and life-history traits. Our results demonstrate that detrimental arthropods are sensitive to orchard floor management and can further inform integrated pest management approaches that complement sustainability goals.
Rapid assay using recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipstick for identifying Agrilus mali (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a serious wood-boring beetle of the western Tianshan Mountains in China
Authors: Li Cheng-Jin , Sun Hui-Quan , Zhao Wen-Xia , Wang Xiao-Yi , Lin Ruo-Zhu , Yao Yan-Xia 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Agrilus mali stands as a significant wood-boring pest prevalent in Northeast Asia. Identifying this pest beetle is often hindered by insufficient efficient, rapid, on-site discrimination methods beyond examining adult morphological features. As a result, an urgent need arises for developing and implementing a rapid and accurate molecular technique to distinguish and manage the beetle. This study presents a straightforward, swift, highly specific, and sensitive method built upon recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD). This method demonstrates the capability to promptly identify the beetle, even during its larval stage. RPA primers and probes were designed using the internal transcribed spacer 1 region. Through probe optimization, false-positive signals were successfully eliminated, with an accompanying discussion on the underlying causes of such signals. The RPA-LFD assays exhibited remarkable specificity and sensitivity, requiring as little as 10−3 ng of purified DNA. Furthermore, the extraction of crude DNA was achieved through immersion in sterile distilled water, thus streamlining the assay process. Achievable at temperatures ranging from 30 to 50 °C, the RPA-LFD assay can be executed manually without specialized equipment. By merging the RPA-LFD assay with DNA coarse extraction, A. mali can be detected within just 30 min. This current study effectively demonstrates the immense potential of RPA-LFD in quarantine and pest management. Additionally, it presents a universal technique for the rapid on-site diagnosis of insects, showcasing the wide applicability of this method.
Effector and cytolytic function of natural killer cells in anticancer immunity
Authors: Karmakar Surojit , Mishra Amrita , Pal Pradipta , Lal Girdhari 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Adaptive immune cells play an important role in mounting antigen-specific antitumor immunity. The contribution of innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and gamma-delta T cells is well studied in cancer immunology. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that show effector and regulatory function in a contact-dependent and contact-independent manner. The cytotoxic function of NK cells plays an important role in killing the infected and transformed host cells and controlling infection and tumor growth. However, several studies have also ascribed the role of NK cells in inducing pathophysiology in autoimmune diseases, promoting immune tolerance in the uterus, and antitumor function in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the fundamentals of NK cell biology, its distribution in different organs, cellular and molecular interactions, and its cytotoxic and noncytotoxic functions in cancer biology. We also highlight the use of NK cell–based adoptive cellular therapy in cancer.
Gamma-irradiated Aspergillus conidia show a growth curve with a reproductive death phase
Authors: Horikiri Shigetoshi , Harada Mami , Asada Ryoko , Tsuchido Tetsuaki , Furuta Masakazu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of gamma irradiation on the germination of Aspergillus conidia and mycelial growth using microscopy and predictive microbiological modeling methods. A dose of 0.4 kGy reduced the germination rate by 20% compared to the untreated control, indicating interphase death due to the high radiation dose. The number of colonies formed (5.5%) was lower than the germination rate (69%), suggesting that most colonies died after germination. Microscopic observations revealed that mycelial elongation ceased completely in the middle of the growth phase, indicating reproductive death. The growth curves of irradiated conidia exhibited a delayed change in the growth pattern, and a decrease in slope during the early stages of germination and growth at low densities. A modified logistic model, which is a general purpose growth model that allows for the evaluation of subpopulations, was used to fit the experimental growth curves. Dose-dependent waveform changes may reflect the dynamics of the subpopulations during germination and growth. These methods revealed the occurrence of two cell death populations resulting from gamma irradiation of fungal conidia and contribute to the understanding of irradiation-induced cell death in fungi.
The underlying radial acceleration relation
Authors: Desmond Harry 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The radial acceleration relation (RAR) of late-type galaxies relates their dynamical acceleration, gobs, to that sourced by baryons alone, gbar, across their rotation curves. Literature fits to the RAR have fixed the galaxy parameters on which the relation depends – distance, inclination, luminosity, and mass-to-light ratios – to their maximum a priori values with an uncorrelated Gaussian contribution to the uncertainties in gbar and gobs. In reality these are free parameters of the fit, contributing systematic rather than statistical error. Assuming a range of possible functional forms for the relation with or without intrinsic scatter (motivated by modified Newtonian dynamics with or without the external field effect), I use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo to perform the full joint inference of RAR and galaxy parameters for the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) dataset. This reveals the intrinsic RAR underlying that observed. I find an acceleration scale $a_0=(1.19 \pm 0.04 \, \text{(stat)} \pm 0.09 \, \text{(sys)}) \: \times \: 10^{-10}$ m s−2, an intrinsic scatter $\sigma _\text{int}=(0.034 \pm 0.001 \, \text{(stat)} \pm 0.001 \, \text{(sys)})$ dex (assuming the SPARC error model is reliable), and weak evidence for the external field effect. I make summary statistics of all my analyses publicly available for future SPARC studies or applications of a calibrated RAR, for example direct distance measurement.
Behaviour of molecular hydrogen emission in three solar flares
Authors: Mulay Sargam M , Fletcher Lyndsay , Hudson Hugh , Labrosse Nicolas 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We have systematically investigated ultraviolet (UV) emission from molecular hydrogen (H2) using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS), during three X-ray flares of C5.1, C9.7, and X1.0 classes on 2014 October 25. Significant emission from five H2 spectral lines appeared in the flare ribbons, interpreted as photoexcitation (fluorescence) due to the absorption of UV radiation from two Si iv spectral lines. The H2 profiles were broad and consisted of two non-stationary components in red and in the blue wings of the line in addition to the stationary component. The red-wing (blue-wing) components showed small redshifts (blueshifts) of ∼5–15 km s−1 (∼5–10 km s−1). The non-thermal velocities were found to be ∼5–15 km s−1. The interrelation between intensities of H2 lines and their branching ratios confirmed that H2 emission formed under optically thin plasma conditions. There is a strong spatial and temporal correlation between Si iv and H2 emissions, but the H2 emission is more extended and diffuse, further suggesting H2 fluorescence, and – by analogy with flare ‘back-warming’ – providing a means to estimate the depth from which the H2 emission originates. We find that this is 1871 ± 157 and 1207 ± 112 km below the source of the Si iv emission, in two different ribbon locations.
A polarization study of jets interacting with turbulent magnetic fields
Authors: Meenakshi Moun , Mukherjee Dipanjan , Bodo Gianluigi , Rossi Paola 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effect of the jet’s immediate surroundings on the non-thermal synchrotron emission and its polarization properties. The ambient medium is equipped with a turbulent magnetic field, which is compressed and amplified by the jets as they progress. This leads to high polarization at the forward shock surface. The randomness in the magnetic polarities of the external fields in the shocked ambient medium (SAM) results in vector cancellation of the polarized components from the jet, thereby causing depolarization of the radiation from the cocoon. We find that due to the slow decay of the fields in the SAM, such depolarization by the fields with large correlation lengths is more prominent when compared to the small-scale fields. Also, the low-power jets, which have magnetic fields comparable in strength to those in the SAM, are more severely affected by the SAM’s depolarizing effect, than the high-power ones. The turbulent backflows in the cocoon, as well as the shearing of fields near the contact discontinuity, strengthen the poloidal component in the jet. This causes internal depolarization due to the cancellation of the orthogonally polarized components along the line of sight as the field transitions from ordered toroidal to poloidal. The synchrotron maps display high-emission filaments in the cocoon with magnetic fields aligned along them. The kink instability leads to the wiggling motion of the jet’s spine, resulting in hotspot complexes in low-power sources.
A resolved study of the inner regions of nearby galaxies with an excess of young massive stars: missing link in the AGN–starburst connection?
Authors: Kauffmann Guinevere , Millán-Irigoyen Iker , Crowther Paul , Maraston Claudia 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
We have selected galaxies with very high levels of H α emission (EQW(H α) &gt;700 Å.) in their central regions from the final data release of the MaNGA survey. Our study focuses on 14 very well-resolved nearby galaxies with stellar masses in the range 9.5 &lt; log M*/(M⊙) &lt; 11.5. We investigate a variety of procedures for selecting galaxy regions that are likely to harbour excess populations of young massive stars, finding that selection in the 2D space of extinction-corrected H α EQW and [S iii]/[S ii] line ratio produces the best results. By comparing stacked spectra covering these regions with stacked spectra covering normal starburst regions with 100 Å&lt;EQW(H α) &lt;200 Å, we obtain the following main results: (1) Clear signatures of excess Wolf–Rayet stars are found in half of the H α excess regions, (2) galaxy regions containing excess Wolf–Rayet stars are more often associated with the presence of high-ionization emission lines characteristic of accreting black holes. Excess [Ne iii] is detected in 4 out of 8 of the WR regions and there are tentative [Fe x] detections in 2 galaxies. (3) Regions of the galaxy with excess Wolf–Rayet stars are located where the interstellar medium has larger ionized gas turbulent velocities and higher neutral gas overdensities. We make a first attempt to constrain changes in the high-mass end of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) using the HR-pyPopStar evolutionary population synthesis models that include high-wavelength-resolution theoretical atmosphere libraries for Wolf–Rayet stars.
NLTE spectra of kilonovae
Authors: Pognan Quentin , Grumer Jon , Jerkstrand Anders , Wanajo Shinya 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The electromagnetic transient following a binary neutron star merger is known as a kilonova (KN). Owing to rapid expansion velocities and small ejecta masses, KNe rapidly transition into the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) regime. In this study, we present synthetic NLTE spectra of KNe from 5 to 20 d after merger using the sumo spectral synthesis code. We study three homogeneous composition, 1D multizone models with characteristic electron fractions of Ye ∼ 0.35, 0.25, and 0.15. We find that emission features in the spectra tend to emerge in windows of reduced line blocking, as the ejecta are still only partially transparent even at 20 d. For the Ye ∼ 0.35 (lanthanide-free) ejecta, we find that the neutral and singly ionized species of Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr dominate the spectra, all with good potential for identification. We directly test and confirm an impact of Sr on the 10 000 Å spectral region in lanthanide-free ejecta, but also see that its signatures may be complex. We suggest the Rb i$\rm {5p^{1}}$–$\rm {5s^{1}}$ 7900 Å transition as a candidate for the λ0 ∼ 7500–7900 Å P-Cygni feature in AT2017gfo. For the Ye ∼ 0.25 and 0.15 compositions, lanthanides are dominant in the spectral formation, in particular Nd, Sm, and Dy. We identify key processes in KN spectral formation, notably that scattering and fluorescence play important roles even up to 20 d after merger, implying that the KN ejecta are not yet optically thin at this time.
Multiband extension of the wideband timing technique
Authors: Paladi Avinash Kumar , Dwivedi Churchil , Rana Prerna , Nobleson K , Susobhanan Abhimanyu , Joshi Bhal Chandra , Tarafdar Pratik , Deb Debabrata , Arumugam Swetha , Gopakumar A , Krishnakumar M A , Batra Neelam Dhanda , Debnath Jyotijwal , Kareem Fazal , Arumugam Paramasivan , Bagchi Manjari , Bathula Adarsh , Dandapat Subhajit , Desai Shantanu , Gupta Yashwant , Hisano Shinnosuke , Kharbanda Divyansh , Kikunaga Tomonosuke , Kolhe Neel , Maan Yogesh , Manoharan P K , Singha Jaikhomba , Srivastava Aman , Surnis Mayuresh , Takahashi Keitaro 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The wideband timing technique enables the high-precision simultaneous estimation of pulsar times of arrival (ToAs) and dispersion measures (DMs) while effectively modelling frequency-dependent profile evolution. We present two novel independent methods that extend the standard wideband technique to handle simultaneous multiband pulsar data incorporating profile evolution over a larger frequency span to estimate DMs and ToAs with enhanced precision. We implement the wideband likelihood using the libstempo python interface to perform wideband timing in the tempo2 framework. We present the application of these techniques to the data set of 14 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) observed simultaneously in Band 3 (300–500 MHz) and Band 5 (1260–1460 MHz) of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) with a large band gap of 760 MHz as a part of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) campaign. We achieve increased ToA and DM precision and sub-microsecond root mean square post-fit timing residuals by combining simultaneous multiband pulsar observations done in non-contiguous bands for the first time using our novel techniques.
Effects of metallicity on the instability mass ratio of low-mass contact binary systems
Authors: Wadhwa Surjit S , Landin Natália R , Kostić Petar , Vince Oliver , Arbutina Bojan , De Horta Ain Y , Filipović Miroslav D , Tothill Nicholas F H , Petrović Jelena , Djurašević Gojko 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The orbital stability of contact binary systems has been receiving considerable attention recently. Theoretical studies indicate that merger is likely to occur at very low-mass ratios, but the actual mass ratio at which merger may take place is likely to be variable and dependent on the mass of the primary. We consider the effects of metal content on the orbital stability of contact binary systems by modelling the gyration radius of a rotating and tidally distorted primary component at various values of $\rm [Fe/H]$ in the range −1.25 to +0.5. We determine the instability mass ratio range for contact binary systems with a low-mass primary 0.6 M⊙ ≤ M1 ≤ 1.4 M⊙ at various metallicity levels and show that systems with low metallicity have an instability mass ratio lower than those with higher metal content and therefore are likely to be more stable. We illustrate the effect through light-curve analysis of two otherwise very similar contact binary systems, except for different metallicity. While both would be considered unstable if metallicity was not taken into consideration, only one remains in that category after appropriate adjustments based on metallicity have been made.