bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transit of NEAT1 and MTP11 to the plasma membrane and co‐localization to vesicles support a role for exocytosis‐mediated export in metal homeostasis
Authors: Vetal Pallavi V. , Jaskolowski Aime , Poirier Yves 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding the role and mode of action of nutrient transporters requires information about their dynamic associations with plant membranes. Historically, apoplastic nutrient export has been associated with proteins localized at the plasma membrane (PM), while the role of endomembrane localization has been less explored. However, recent work on the PHOSPHATE 1 (PHO1) inorganic phosphate (Pi) exporter demonstrated that, although primarily localized at the Golgi and trans‐Golgi network (TGN) vesicles, PHO1 does associate with the PM when clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) was inhibited, supporting a mechanism for Pi homeostasis involving exocytosis. We explored whether CME inhibition can identify other transporters that, although primarily localized at Golgi/TGN at steady‐state level, also transit via the PM and are potentially involved in export via exocytosis. We found that, similar to PHO1, Golgi‐localized transporters NA EFFLUX TRANSPORTER1 (NAET1) and METAL TOLERANCE PROTEIN11 (MTP11) relocate to the PM when CME is inhibited, both transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana and conditionally in Arabidopsis thaliana. Such PM re‐localization of transporters upon CME inhibition is specific, since it does not occur with several other Golgi‐associated transporters, including MTP5 and BIVALENT CATION TRANSPORTER 3 (BICAT3), as well as resident Golgi/TGN membrane proteins, such as α‐1,2‐MANNOSIDASE I (Man1) and VESICLE TRANSPORT V‐SNARE 12 (VTI12). Additionally, we observed that NAET1, MTP11 and PHO1 all partially co‐localize to vesicles. Overall, our study supports a role for synaptic‐like vesicle‐mediated exocytosis for both NEAT1 and MTP11 in nutrient transport in plants and highlights the importance of assessing the transient localization of Golgi/TGN proteins to the PM.
Repercussions of abuse by caregivers in the elderly population with dementia: a scoping review
Authors: de Oliveira Bárbara Silva , Santos Diogo Bezerra Leite , Freire Graziela Rosa Lopes Bastos , Moura Clícia Grazielly de Lima , do Nascimento Ana Clara Lira , Barbosa Éverton Emanuel da Silva , Ferraz Lucas Ribeiro , Silva Hugo Rafael de Souza e 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDue to the ageing population throughout the world, the rates of older adults suffering from dementia are increasing, requiring a closer look at this population. As a result, the aim of this scoping review is to gather data from the scientific literature on the repercussions of abuse of elderly people with dementia by their caregivers. For this review, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews was used as a guideline to structure the review topics. Six researchers during the period of December 2023 to March 2024 searched for relevant articles in the following databases: MEDLINE; SCOPUS; WEB OF SCIENCE; EMBASE; BIREME. Of 707 articles found in the databases, 16 were included in this scoping review. The articles addressed different aspects of the topic of abuse of elderly people with dementia by caregivers, 12 articles listed risk factors, six explained the different types of abuse, 11 articles dealt with neuropsychological aspects of caregivers, seven studies focused on the relationship between the elderly person and their caregiver and six portrayed the impacts of abuse. Studies point to several common risk factors, for example, advanced stage of the disease, financial cost of treatment and psychobehavioural symptoms of both the caregiver and the patient. Upon thorough examination and critical reflection on existing studies, a substantial void has been identified in the literature concerning the ramifications of abusive relationships within the care receiver and caregiver dyad. While many studies approach the issue in a broad manner, only a limited number of articles delve into the specific impact of such dynamics on the deterioration of the elderly's well‐being. There is an urgent demand for new research to investigate the consequences that abuse generates in the lives of elderly individuals with dementia.
STEM‐themed pathways within elementary preservice methods coursework: Benefits and challenges associated with designing and implementing integrated STEM projects
Authors: Menon Deepika , Johnson Allison M. , Cox Derek , Nguyen Ursula , Jeon Minji , Thomas Amanda 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the rapid advancements in science and technology, there is a growing emphasis on preparing high‐quality elementary science teachers with a deeper understanding of integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines into their classrooms. Despite ongoing reform efforts of rethinking ways in which preservice elementary teachers (PSTs) are currently prepared, STEM is not always the central focus of their training programs. This article highlights the STEM pathways threaded throughout the concurrent elementary science, mathematics, and technology methods courses within a dedicated STEM semester. This approach allows PSTs to experience integrated STEM directly. Specifically, we discuss PSTs' planning and implementation of integrated STEM projects that explicitly blend multiple STEM disciplines to design solutions to problems situated within a local context under the theme of sustainability. The practicum experience played a pivotal role in helping PSTs realize the benefits and challenges associated with teaching STEM. Drawing from PSTs' written reflections, we provide evidence of how varied STEM engagements enhance their knowledge of STEM integration and shape their perceptions of successes and challenges associated with STEM teaching. Finally, we offer implications for practice and recommendations for future teacher educators to reshape elementary education programs to better integrate STEM.
Adic tropicalizations and cofinality of Gubler models
Authors: Foster Tyler , Payne Sam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe introduce adic tropicalizations for subschemes of toric varieties as limits of Gubler models associated to polyhedral covers of the ordinary tropicalization. Our main result shows that Huber's adic analytification of a subscheme of a toric variety is naturally isomorphic to the inverse limit of its adic tropicalizations, in the category of locally topologically ringed spaces. The key new technical idea underlying this theorem is cofinality of Gubler models, which we prove for projective schemes and also for more general compact analytic domains in closed subschemes of toric varieties. In addition, we introduce a ‐topology and structure sheaf on ordinary tropicalizations, and show that Berkovich analytifications are limits of ordinary tropicalizations in the category of topologically ringed topoi.
Effect of Air Content on the Internal Fluid Characteristics of Liquid Floated Gyro
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Wang Yanzhong , Niu Wentao , Yang Kai , Rao Sixian , Qiao Baiyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The liquid floated gyro (LFG) is an inertial instrument widely used in aviation, aerospace, navigation, and other high-tech fields, with the advantages of high accuracy and good in-orbit reliability. The filling of internal floating oil is a key process in the manufacture of LFG, however, due to the limitation of technology level, environmental conditions, and other factors, the floating oil may be mixed with a certain amount of air, which affects the rheological characteristics of the oil, thus leading to the accuracy drift of the gyro instrument. Therefore, this paper analyzes the effect of air content on the fluid characteristics of the gyro oil by using the computational fluid dynamics method. The results show that the air content has a significant effect on the oil dynamics: when the air content increases from 0% to 3%, the average flow velocity of the oil decreases by 4.15%, and the viscous interference torque increases by 0.02%, which reduces the stability of the instrument accuracy to a certain extent, so the generation of air bubbles should be avoided or necessary measures should be taken to remove air bubbles during the oil filling process.
Experimental Investigation of Water–Alcohol Mixtures as Working Fluids in a Closed-Loop Two-Phase Thermosiphon
Authors: Baruah Arunjoy , Krishnan Shankar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Inverters are a crucial component in electric vehicle drivetrains, and this work attempts to develop and study a thermal management system for inverter cooling. This study aims to develop a low-cost, simple, closed-loop two-phase thermosiphon (CLTPT) to operate as a pumpless loop for power inverter applications. Some alcohols, when mixed with water, show self-rewetting behavior during boiling. Three 2-propanol–water mixtures and three 1-butanol–water mixtures have been studied as working fluids and compared against pure water to ascertain the benefits of alcoholic mixtures on heat transfer performance. The CLTPT was operated in two distinct regimes: (1) heat pipe mode and (2) mixed mode, using a ball valve positioning. Based on the valve position, a stable thermosiphon operation is demonstrated. Effects of operating conditions like condenser coolant inlet temperature and input power level to the thermosiphon have also been investigated. Regarding evaporator plate temperature and heat transfer coefficient, the 15-wt% 2-propanol–water solution outperforms pure water and butanol–water mixture as a working fluid for most test cases. If heat transfer performance is preferred, water outperforms in terms of heat transfer coefficient compared to other fluids tested.
Horn-Shaped Tesla Turbines: Experimental Output Power Comparison With a Conventional Bladeless Design Using Air as the Working Fluid
Authors: Coppo Federico , Bonazza Riccardo , Ludois Daniel C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tesla turbine designs using flat disks suffer from significant exit loss. It is believed that the working fluid’s 90 degree change in direction at the outlet ports on the disks causes a dramatic decrease in efficiency for Tesla turbines. This work first experimentally characterizes the relationship between disk spacing and turbine efficiency for equally sized flat disk turbines. Then, the established trend is used to guide the construction of three curved blade turbines with the same geometry as their flat disk counterparts that achieve the best efficiency. The turbine efficiency of equally sized flat disk and curved disk turbines is compared. Turbine efficiency is found experimentally by powering an induction machine generator, determining its electromechanical machine losses, and comparing electrical output power to fluid input power and machine losses.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Over a Car and the Effects of Rear Airfoil-Shaped Spoiler
Authors: Ma Xingchuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aerodynamic properties of a car are crucial for fuel efficiency and mechanical sustainability. Among these properties, the car’s shape is particularly important in reducing air resistance or aerodynamic drag, thus enhancing fuel efficiency. Previous research has shown that the angles of the front and rear windows can affect a car’s aerodynamic performance. Building upon these findings, this study focuses on examining the impact of an airfoil-shaped spoiler on a car model with optimized window angles. First, I conduct computational fluid dynamics simulations to determine an airfoil’s drag and lift coefficients with varying thicknesses and angles of attack. The results reveal that the angle of attack significantly influences the airfoil’s performance, while the effects of thickness depend on the airfoil’s position. Second, I identify an optimal airfoil design and incorporate it as a rear spoiler on a car model. Computational simulations are carried out on car models with and without a rear spoiler. The findings indicate that adding a well-designed rear spoiler can reduce the drag coefficient force by up to 26% and generate additional downward force, further enhancing the car’s ground effect. Further analysis reveals that the airfoil-shaped spoiler can modify the flow structures in the rear region and decrease flow separation, leading to improved pressure and drag force reduction. Future research will explore the spoiler’s position and the relationship between the rear window angle and the spoiler for various car models.
Machinability Enhancement of Bioabsorbable Mg Alloy in µEDM Using Cryo-Treated Electrodes
Authors: Davis Rahul 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Absorbable biomedical implants or devices are expected to be completely absorbed within the human body during a predetermined period of time. In this relation, Magnesium (Mg) alloys are becoming much popular in the biomedical industry due to their bioabsorbability characteristics. The increasing demand for bioabsorbable implants primarily necessitates the development of manufacturing processes that can produce them in minimum time, better dimensional accuracy, and superior surface features at macro- as well as micro-levels. Micro-electric discharge machining (μ-EDM) is an exceptional process offering low magnitude of force amid material erosion with high precision in terms of dimensional accuracy at a micro-level for several medical implant applications such as bone screws for facial reconstruction. Further, the EDM electrode material plays a noticeable role during the material subtraction since the same can directly affect the output response factors such as geometrical precision, surface integrity (SI), material subtraction rate (MSR), recast layer dimensions, electrode degradation rate etc. In addition, the existing characteristics of an EDM electrode might be remarkably improved by its cryogenic treatment by immersing and holding the same preferably in liquid nitrogen’s (LN2) environment, exhibiting a temperature under −180 °C for a predetermined time span. In the past experimental works, cryogenic treatment notably enhanced the electrode degradation, grain size, and overcut. In this regard, the major focus of this research was to achieve the best machining conditions for Mg AZ31B alloy during μ-EDM using copper and brass μ-electrodes in untreated and cryogenically treated forms. A one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) optimization approach, according to an idea to ascertain the effect of one factor while all other factors are held constant, was employed to design the experimental trials in this study. OFAT is an influential, although not undoubtedly a structured experimental plan when the variables are individualistic. The findings of this work revealed that cryo-treated copper μ-electrode could noticeably reduce the machining time (MT) by 45.43% and dimensional-error (DE) by 44.79%. Hence, the same was proven to be the best μ-electrode among all the μ-electrodes employed in this research. The comparative analyses showed that the cryogenically (cryo)-treated copper μ-electrode outperformed all the other μ-electrodes by achieving minimum machining-time, dimensional-error, and surface cracks.
Offshore Wind Fixed Foundations: A Technical Analysis Aimed to Simplify Foundations Decisions and Increase Project Efficiency
Authors: Rath Lindsey , Imam Ramy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since Denmark pioneered offshore wind in 1991, the sector’s growth has surged. Despite this progress, offshore wind foundation standards remain minimal. Optimizing foundations can enhance cost-efficiency, easing budget constraints. As demand for renewable energy grows, more global sites are developed, leading to larger turbines and deeper, less ideal locations. This research reviews offshore wind foundation complexities, focusing on monopiles and jackets. This study will analyze global wind farms, considering variables like weather, wind speeds, bathymetry, soil conditions, and marine life. Data will be processed using Microsoft Excel to create visual representations. Additionally, the global supply chain for foundation development and installation will be examined for correlations with wind farm structures. The goal is to develop a simplified foundation decision matrix incorporating environmental variables and dynamic loads to determine feasible foundation types. This matrix will balance environmental factors with global supply chain preferences, simplifying structural analysis. Insights from current offshore wind farms will refine the matrix. This research aims to streamline the process from site acquisition to farm installation, benefiting owners, developers, and investors by explaining foundation choices and associated risks. Future improvements could automate the matrix, enhancing offshore wind farm development efficiency through detailed load and structural analysis.
A One-Dimensional Model of an Oil-Injected Helium Screw Compressor for Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems
Authors: Anthony Scott , Hasan Nusair , Ganni Venkatarao , Engeda Abraham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Oil flooded rotary screw compressors are widely used in the field of helium cryogenics to provide the thermodynamic availability necessary to operate a cryogenic plant. Due to helium’s low normal boiling point (NBP, approximately 4.2 K for helium-4) and its inability to freeze (except at high pressures), helium is the only working fluid that can be used in refrigeration systems where temperatures approaching absolute zero are required. The process of cooling helium from ambient temperature (around 300 K) to its NBP is highly energy intensive. For large and efficient helium refrigerators, approximately 250 W of actual input power is required for 1 W of cooling at 4.2 K. Currently, in large systems, compressor skid losses account for approximately one-half of the input power or two-thirds of the total system losses. The focus of this study is to numerically investigate the performance of a helium twin rotary screw compressor in order to better understand the influences of different operating parameters on the overall compressor efficiency. A 1-D model of the gas-oil compression process through a rotary screw compressor is developed and validated against published data. The 1-D model is derived from an energy and mass balance of the gas and oil mixture. Primary parameters investigated in the present study include oil-gas mass ratio, pressure ratio, discharge temperature, and isothermal efficiency. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the discharge temperature and the isothermal efficiency can exhibit significant variations (up to 25%) depending on the oil-gas mass ratio. The results from the present study will be used to gain insight into how to improve compressor efficiency and specific design changes necessary to enable these improvements.
Enhancing Thermal Insulation in 3D Printed (3DP) Structures Using Date Palm Waste and Local Soil
Authors: Yousaf Arslan , Koç Muammer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
As global warming leads to increased temperature, the built environment faces challenges in maintaining indoor cooling sufficient for human comfort. Traditional construction materials, such as ordinary Portland cement (OPC), are widely used. Still, they are known to contribute to global warming due to their carbon emissions and poor thermal insulation properties, making built environment structures more reliant on expensive cooling systems in terms of energy and economy. This paper presents an innovative approach utilizing 3D printing (3DP) technology for constructing building structures using locally sourced materials, specifically local soil and date palm fibers. The study involves the fabrication of various porous 3DP four-walled cubical structures using local soil and agricultural waste. The thermal conductivity performance of these structures will be systematically analyzed to demonstrate that adding date palm fibers significantly enhances thermal insulation properties. This research aims to highlight the potential of these improved properties in creating energy-efficient structures, particularly in regions with hot climates such as Qatar. The reduced reliance on cooling technologies, like air conditioning, promotes sustainability by conserving energy and contributes to the principles of a circular economy by utilizing local resources. The study contributes to the evolving field of sustainable construction methods, emphasizing the importance of leveraging indigenous materials for eco-friendly and energy-efficient building practices.
Numerical Simulation of Airfoil Designed With Magnus Effect
Authors: Zhang Qin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Within the intricate design of an aircraft, wings play a pivotal role, providing essential lift while often increasing aerodynamic drag. Thus, aerodynamic analysis becomes a critical component in wing design, aiming to maximize lift while minimizing drag to enhance aircraft performance. This paper introduces an innovative approach that combines the Magnus cylinder with conventional airfoil technology, employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for numerical simulations. The research explores how varying the Magnus cylinder’s rotational speed can delay the stall angle of attack for the airfoil, thereby enhancing overall aerodynamic efficiency. Additionally, adjustments to the cylinder’s diameter and its relative position are investigated to determine the optimal design configuration. The findings demonstrate that this refined airfoil design not only achieves higher lift and reduced drag but also effectively delays wing stall and mitigates flow separation at the wing’s rear region. The study validates the feasibility of applying the Magnus effect to contemporary wings and opens new pathways for aviation innovation.