bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Shock Factor A1s are required for phytochrome‐interacting factor 4‐mediated thermomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Bingjie , Jiang Shimeng , Gao Liang , Wang Wenhui , Luo Haozheng , Dong Yining , Gao Zhihua , Zheng Shuzhi , Liu Xinye , Tang Wenqiang 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThermomorphogenesis and the heat shock (HS) response are distinct thermal responses in plants that are regulated by PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A1s (HSFA1s), respectively. Little is known about whether these responses are interconnected and whether they are activated by similar mechanisms. An analysis of transcriptome dynamics in response to warm temperature (28°C) treatment revealed that 30 min of exposure activated the expression of a subset of HSFA1 target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, a loss‐of‐function HSFA1 quadruple mutant (hsfa1‐cq) was insensitive to warm temperature‐induced hypocotyl growth. In hsfa1‐cq plants grown at 28°C, the protein and transcript levels of PIF4 were greatly reduced, and the circadian rhythm of many thermomorphogenesis‐related genes (including PIF4) was disturbed. Additionally, the nuclear localization of HSFA1s and the binding of HSFA1d to the PIF4 promoter increased following warm temperature exposure, whereas PIF4 overexpression in hsfa1‐cq partially rescued the altered warm temperature‐induced hypocotyl growth of the mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that HSFA1s are required for PIF4 accumulation at a warm temperature, and they establish a central role for HSFA1s in regulating both thermomorphogenesis and HS responses in Arabidopsis.
Ethics after Humanity
Authors: Jenkins Willis 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTCan humanity survive climate change and mass extinction? Concepts of humanity assumed or implicit in the field at the founding of this journal are under critical pressure from multiple directions. Reading across schools of thought confronting relations sometimes called Anthropocene, this essay explains five tasks for religious ethics “after humanity:” (i) incorporate species‐level relations of power and vulnerability; (ii) denaturalize planetary myth‐making; (iii) undo colonial humanisms; (iv) recompose ways of life after the end of the world; and (v) reanimate ethical inquiry in attentiveness to multispecies worldmaking.
Revisiting predictors of worse atrioventricular valve and left ventricular systolic function following pacemaker therapy
Authors: Sasaki Kenichi , Togashi Daisuke , Nakajima Ikutaro , Nakayama Yui , Harada Tomoo , Akashi Yoshihiro J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPredictors of worsening atrioventricular valve regurgitation and left ventricular (LV) systolic function after implantation of a leadless pacemaker (LPM) remain unclear compared with those of a transvenous pacemaker (TPM).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 205 patients who were newly implanted with a permanent pacemaker (119 LPMs and 86 TPMs) and underwent transthoracic echocardiography before and 8 ± 5 months after implantation. We evaluated the worsening of tricuspid and mitral regurgitation (TR and MR), defined as at least one‐grade aggravation in severity, and changes in LV ejection fraction (LVEF).ResultsWorsening TR occurred more frequently in the LPM group compared to the TPM group (33% vs. 20%, p = .04); however, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding worsening MR (26% vs. 18%, p = .18) and LVEF change (–2 ± 10% vs. –3 ± 8%, p = .40). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors for worsening TR, MR, and LVEF after implantation were found to be (1) the change from sinus rhythm at baseline to atrioventricular asynchronous right ventricular (RV) pacing (odds ratio [OR]: 5.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94–16.70, p < .01); (2) the change from non‐pacing ventricular contraction at baseline to RV pacing (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.12–5.24, p = .02); and (3) a higher RV pacing burden (β: –0.05, 95% CI: −0.08–−0.02, p < .01), respectively.ConclusionWorsening TR, MR, and LVEF after pacemaker implantation were not associated with the type of pacing device but loss of atrioventricular synchrony or dependency on RV pacing.
TOR coordinates cytokinin and gibberellin signals mediating development and defense
Authors: Marash Iftah , Gupta Rupali , Anand Gautam , Leibman‐Markus Meirav , Lindner Naomi , Israeli Alon , Nir Dov , Avni Adi , Bar Maya 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPlants constantly perceive and process environmental signals and balance between the energetic demands of growth and defense. Growth arrest upon pathogen attack was previously suggested to result from a redirection of the plants' metabolic resources towards the activation of plant defense. The energy sensor Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved master coordinator of growth and development in all eukaryotes. Although TOR is positioned at the interface between development and defense, little is known about the mechanisms by which TOR may potentially regulate the relationship between these two modalities. The plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and gibberellin (GA) execute various aspects of plant development and defense. The ratio between CK and GA was reported to determine the outcome of developmental programmes. Here, investigating the interplay between TOR‐mediated development and TOR‐mediated defense in tomato, we found that TOR silencing resulted in rescue of several different aberrant developmental phenotypes, demonstrating that TOR is required for the execution of developmental cues. In parallel, TOR inhibition enhanced immunity in genotypes with a low CK/GA ratio but not in genotypes with a high CK/GA ratio. TOR‐inhibition mediated disease resistance was found to depend on developmental status, and was abolished in strongly morphogenetic leaves, while being strongest in mature, differentiated leaves. CK repressed TOR activity, suggesting that CK‐mediated immunity may rely on TOR downregulation. At the same time, TOR activity was promoted by GA, and TOR silencing reduced GA sensitivity, indicating that GA signalling requires normal TOR activity. Our results demonstrate that TOR likely acts in concert with CK and GA signalling, executing signalling cues in both defense and development. Thus, differential regulation of TOR or TOR‐mediated processes could regulate the required outcome of development‐defense prioritisation.
Religious lobbying and policy influence: Christian interest group impacts around the legalization of same‐sex marriage in England and Wales
Authors: Gover Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe influence of religious groups in democratic policy making has often been a source of political controversy. In the United Kingdom, the legalization of same‐sex marriage in England and Wales may in some ways be thought to exemplify the weakening social position and policy power of the churches. Drawing on a mixture of methods—including analysis of newspaper coverage, legislative debates, and policy documents, plus interviews—this article assesses the extent to which Christian interest groups achieved different forms of policy‐related influence, and its dynamics. It finds that, despite important failures, these groups nonetheless achieved various types of success, including over the policy debate, small policy shifts, and “counteractive” influence, reflecting both the weaknesses and persisting strengths of Christianity within British society. The findings are likely to have wider implications for understanding the policy strengths of religious actors in similar contexts of socio‐religious change elsewhere.Related ArticlesBramlett, Brittany H. 2012. “The Cross‐Pressures of Religion and Contact with Gays and Lesbians, and their Impact on Same‐Sex Marriage Opinion.”Politics & Policy40(1): 13–42.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00337.x.Ledet, Richard. 2017. “Sorting the Left from the Rest: The Communitarian Religious Perspective and Liberal Economic Attitudes.”Politics & Policy45(6): 1051–79.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12238.Tubadji, Annie. 2023. “You'll Never Walk Alone: Loneliness, Religion, and Politico‐Economic Transformation.”Politics & Policy51(4): 661–95.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12538.
Salinity and exogenous H2O2 improve gas exchange, osmoregulation, and antioxidant metabolism in quinoa under drought stress
Authors: Iqbal Hassan , Yaning Chen , Waqas Muhammad , Raza Syed Turab , Shareef Muhammad , Ahmad Zeeshan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractClimate change‐induced concurrent drought and salinity stresses significantly threaten global crop yields, yet the physio‐biochemical responses to combined stress in quinoa remain elusive. This study evaluated quinoa responses under four growth conditions: well‐watered, drought stress, salt stress, and drought + salt stress with (15 mM) or without (0 mM) exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application. All examined stresses (alone or in combination) reduce quinoa growth and net photosynthesis, although salt stress was found to be less destructive than drought and combined stress. Strikingly, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate (PN), K+ uptake, shoot height, shoot fresh, and dry weight were increased by 46.1%, 22.2%, 101.6%, 12.9%, 12.1%, 22.4%, 7.1%, 14%, and 16.4%, respectively, under combined stress compared to drought alone. In addition, exogenous H2O2 effectively improved gaseous exchange, osmolytes' accumulation, and antioxidant activity, resulting in reduced lipid peroxidation, which eventually led to higher plant growth under all coercive conditions. The principle component analysis (PCA) indicated a strong positive correlation between antioxidant enzymes and inorganic ions, which contributed efficiently to osmotic adjustment, particularly under conditions of salinity followed by combined stress. In short, in combination, salt stress has the potential to mitigate drought‐induced injuries by promoting the absorption of inorganic solutes for osmoregulation in quinoa plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of H2O2 could be opted to enhance quinoa performance to increase its tolerance mechanism against drought and salinity, even under combined stress.
Data‐driven MRI analysis reveals fitness‐related functional change in default mode network and cognition following an exercise intervention
Authors: Lloyd Katherine M. , Morris Timothy P. , Anteraper Sheeba , Voss Michelle , Nieto‐Castanon Alfonso , Whitfield‐Gabrieli Susan , Fanning Jason , Gothe Neha , Salerno Elizabeth A. , Erickson Kirk I. , Hillman Charles H. , McAuley Edward , Kramer Arthur F. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious research has indicated that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is structurally and functionally neuroprotective in older adults. However, questions remain regarding the mechanistic role of CRF on cognitive and brain health. The purposes of this study were to investigate if higher pre‐intervention CRF was associated with greater change in functional brain connectivity during an exercise intervention and to determine if the magnitude of change in connectivity was related to better post‐intervention cognitive performance. The sample included low‐active older adults (n = 139) who completed a 6‐month exercise intervention and underwent neuropsychological testing, functional neuroimaging, and CRF testing before and after the intervention. A data‐driven multi‐voxel pattern analysis was performed on resting‐state MRI scans to determine changes in whole‐brain patterns of connectivity from pre‐ to post‐intervention as a function of pre‐intervention CRF. Results revealed a positive correlation between pre‐intervention CRF and changes in functional connectivity in the precentral gyrus. Using the precentral gyrus as a seed, analyses indicated that CRF‐related connectivity changes within the precentral gyrus were derived from increased correlation strength within clusters located in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and increased anti‐correlation strength within clusters located in the Default Mode Network (DMN). Exploratory analysis demonstrated that connectivity change between the precentral gyrus seed and DMN clusters were associated with improved post‐intervention performance on perceptual speed tasks. These findings suggest that in a sample of low‐active and mostly lower‐fit older adults, even subtle individual differences in CRF may influence the relationship between functional connectivity and aspects of cognition following a 6‐month exercise intervention.
Successful intraoperative ultrasound‐guided retrieval of intracranial grass seed foreign body in a 4‐month‐old puppy
Authors: Qin Nancy , Lye Gordon , Mathis Karl , Stewart Georgina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 4‐month‐old female‐entire Vizsla dog was referred for progressive seizure activity, vomiting, lethargy, inappetence, and neck pain. CT revealed focal inflammation, a calvarial osseous defect, a possible foreign body within the brain, and associated vasogenic edema. A cerebrospinal fluid tap revealed marked septic neutrophilic pleocytosis. MRI findings supported diagnosis of a 1.7 cm foreign body within the brain. A right rostrotentorial craniectomy was performed, and intraparenchymal grass seed was removed in its entirety via intraoperative ultrasound guidance. The patient was discharged 2 days postoperatively, and long‐term follow‐up revealed no abnormal neurological signs.
HIV-1 Tat commandeers nuclear export of Rev-viral RNA complex by controlling hnRNPA2-mediated splicing
Authors: Yandrapally Sriram , Sarkar Satarupa , Banerjee Sharmistha 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Proliferation of HIV in astrocytes is limited when compared to CD4+ T lymphocytes, but the molecular mechanisms behind the disparity in cell-specific HIV propagations are unclear. In this study, we show that HIV-1 Tat determined nuclear export of Rev-viral RNA complex in CD4+ T lymphocytes by downregulating heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2 (hnRNPA2)-mediated HIV-1 RNA splicing that increased the levels of unspliced/partially spliced viral RNA, thereby increasing virion production. Notably, hnRNPA2 was not downregulated in astrocytes due to limited Tat nuclear import. Providing alternate nuclear localization signal that rescued Tat localization to the nucleus or knocking out hnRNPA2 in astrocytes reversed the viral restrictive phenotype of astrocytes to productive phenotype. Mutant analyses identified the RNA recognition motif-1 and the disordered region of hnRNPA2 as key determinants in regulating alternate splicing. The study shows the mechanism of Tat-mediated maintenance of splice variants of viral RNA that dictates nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Rev-RNA complex and virion production during infection.

IMPORTANCE
HIV-infected host cells impose varied degrees of regulation on viral replication, from very high to abortive. Proliferation of HIV in astrocytes is limited when compared to immune cells, such as CD4+ T lymphocytes. Understanding such differential regulation is one of the key questions in the field as these cells permit HIV persistence and rebound viremia, challenging HIV treatment and clinical cure. This study focuses on understanding the molecular mechanism behind such cell-specific disparities. We show that one of the key mechanisms is the regulation of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2, a host factor involved in alternative splicing and RNA processing, by HIV-1 Tat in CD4+ T lymphocytes, not observed in astrocytes. This regulation causes an increase in the levels of unspliced/partially spliced viral RNA and nuclear export of Rev-RNA complexes which results in high viral propagation in CD4+ T lymphocytes. The study reveals a new mechanism imposed by HIV on host cells that determines the fate of infection.
Submandibular gland abscess in a kidney transplant recipient: a diagnostic and therapeutic enigma
Authors: Viswam Vineeth , Puducherry Ravichandran Subhashini , George Paul , Karuvat Narayanan Sree Latha 
Published: October 2023

A renal allograft transplant recipient presented to our emergency department with pus discharging right-sided cheek swelling. She had the same presentation 1 year after kidney transplant surgery. The abscess was incised and drained, and a sample was sent for culture and sensitivity. The culture initially grewAspergillus fumigatusfor which she was started on itraconazole. While the patient was on antifungal therapy, immunohistochemistry revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma to be the primary disease, and rituximab chemotherapy was initiated. The patient is being followed up and is currently in remission.We are reporting this rare case to raise awareness so that clinicians consider the possibility of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder when they see a similar presentation.
Hospital care experiences of female relatives caring for patients with post-stroke dysphagia during the COVID-19: a qualitative study in China
Authors: Fan Xiangge , Du Jing , Yu Hong , Xu Qian , Weng Xueyun , Gou Yanhua , Si Yumeng 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 epidemic, Chinese hospitals are forced to impose stringent regulations, which unavoidably affect patients with stroke who need continued rehabilitation and long-term disease treatment. However, there is a lack of qualitative studies in the literature on female relative caregivers of hospitalised patients who had a stroke with dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of female Chinese caregivers living in the hospital with patients with post-stroke dysphagia during the pandemic.DesignWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews.Setting(s)From May 2022 to July 2022, patients were selected from the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Ward and the Encephalopathy Ward of Shenzhen Chinese Medicine Hospital, which receives patients from across the country.Participants10 Chinese women who were caregivers of patients with post-stroke dysphagia were finally interviewed.MethodsInterviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi’s approach.ResultsThe primary theme was determined to be ‘kidnapped’ lives. Other sub-themes evolved to depict the lives of female relative caregivers, including inevitable tasks and challenges, precise care, a special dietary pattern, solitary and forgotten, and an elusive future. Due to the trivial nature of caring for patients who had a stroke with dysphagia, the caregivers’ lives were tightly organised and entirely dictated by the patient’s caring needs. Consequently, the caregivers felt that their lives had been kidnapped.ConclusionsIt is imperative that healthcare workers identify and understand the living conditions of female relative caregivers in the hospital, so as to determine their difficulties and needs. Finally, caregivers deserve adequate and effective support, such as technical support, financial support and nutritional guidance.
Association of parental self-efficacy with loneliness, isolation and community commitment in mothers with infant children in Japan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Arimoto Azusa , Tadaka Etsuko 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesParental self-efficacy is defined as an individual’s appraisal of their competence in the parental role and is one of the factors targeted by parenting interventions. Factors related to parental self-efficacy among mothers, focusing mainly on individual and family characteristics, have been clarified; however, there are limited findings on community/societal factors related to parental self-efficacy among mothers. We aimed to clarify the association between parental self-efficacy and community/societal factors among mothers with infants and toddlers to provide suggestions for maternal and child health activities.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study, where an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted by mail from November 2019 to February 2020.SettingA health and welfare centre in a ward certified by the largest designated city in Japan.ParticipantsSix hundred forty-nine mothers raising children aged 0–3 years who attended mandatory infant health check-ups.Primary outcome measuresThe Parental Self-Efficacy Scale.ResultsThe number of valid responses was 490 (valid response rate: 75.6%). The mean age of the mothers was 33.2 (SD 4.9) years. The items found to significantly relate to parental self-efficacy (p<0.05), loneliness, social isolation (social network), community commitment, greeting neighbours, willingness to interact with neighbours, participation in parent–child circles and neighbourhood association events were included as independent variables. Multiple regression analysis showed that the factors significantly related to high parental self-efficacy were low loneliness score (β=−0.436, p<0.001), high social network score (β=0.153, p<0.001) and high community commitment score (β=0.110, p<0.01). The adjusted R2was 0.488.ConclusionsThe results suggest the importance of community-building, enhancing qualitative and quantitative support by developing initiatives to reduce loneliness and improving the environment to supplement social networks, and activating community activities by promoting interaction with local residents.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lee Hyeok-Hee , Lee Han Ah , Kim Eun-Jin , Kim Hwi Young , Kim Hyeon Chang , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Hokyou , Kim Seung Up 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveWe explored clinical implications of the new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) by assessing its prevalence and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.DesignFrom nationwide health screening data, we identified 9 775 066 adults aged 20–79 who underwent health examination in 2009. Participants were categorised into four mutually exclusive groups: (1) MASLD; (2) MASLD with increased alcohol intake (MetALD); (3) MASLD with other combined aetiology (the three collectively referred to as MASLD/related steatotic liver disease (SLD)); and (4) no MASLD/related SLD. SLD was determined by fatty liver index ≥30. The primary outcome was CVD event, defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, heart failure or cardiovascular death.ResultsThe prevalence of MASLD, MetALD and MASLD with other combined aetiology was 27.5%, 4.4% and 1.5%, respectively. A total of 8 808 494 participants without prior CVD were followed up for a median of 12.3 years, during which 272 863 CVD events occurred. The cumulative incidence and multivariable-adjusted risk of CVD were higher in participants with MASLD/related SLD than in those without (HR 1.38 (95% CI 1.37 to 1.39)). Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) of CVD events was 1.39 (1.38 to 1.40) for MASLD, 1.28 (1.26 to 1.30) for MetALD and 1.30 (1.26 to 1.34) for MASLD with other combined aetiology compared to the absence of any of these conditions. CVD risk was also higher in participants with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease than in those without the respective condition.ConclusionOver one-third of Korean adults have MASLD/related SLD and bear a high CVD risk.