bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Adsorption on Magnetic Surfaces
Authors: Safari Mohammad Reza , Matthes Frank , Caciuc Vasile , Atodiresei Nicolae , Schneider Claus M. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz , Bürgler Daniel E. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFrom the beginning of molecular theory, the interplay of chirality and magnetism has intrigued scientists. There is still the question if enantiospecific adsorption of chiral molecules occurs on magnetic surfaces. Enantiomer discrimination was conjectured to arise from chirality‐induced spin separation within the molecules and exchange interaction with the substrate's magnetization. Here, it is shown that single helical aromatic hydrocarbons undergo enantioselective adsorption on ferromagnetic cobalt surfaces. Spin and chirality sensitive scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that molecules of opposite handedness prefer adsorption onto cobalt islands with opposite out‐of‐plane magnetization. As mobility ceases in the final chemisorbed state, it is concluded that enantioselection must occur in a physisorbed transient precursor state. State‐of‐the‐art spin‐resolved ab initio simulations support this scenario by refuting enantio‐dependent chemisorption energies. These findings demonstrate that van der Waals interaction should also include spin‐fluctuations which are crucial for molecular magnetochiral processes.
NIR‐II Protein‐Escaping Dyes Enable High‐Contrast and Long‐Term Prognosis Evaluation of Flap Transplantation
Authors: Du Yijing , Xu Jiajun , Zheng Xue , Dang Zetao , Zhu Ningning , Jiang Zijian , Li Jia , Zhu Shoujun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractReal‐time vascular positioning, postoperative flap monitoring, and vascular reconstruction assessment are of great importance in flap transplantation. Cyanine dyes offer the advantage of high resolution in the Near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) imaging window. However, the nonspecific binding of many cyanine dyes to endogenous albumin leads to high organ accumulation and skin absorption, resulting in low‐quality imaging and poor reproducibility of contrast during long‐term (e.g., 7 days) postoperative monitoring. Here, a novel strategy is proposed that can be widely applied to prevent protein binding for NIR‐I/II Cl‐containing cyanine dyes. This strategy produces protein‐escaping dyes, ensuring high fluorescence enhancement in the blood with rapid clearance and no residual fluorescence, allowing for short‐term repeatable injections for vascular imaging. This strategy in the perioperative monitoring of pedicle perforator flap models in mice and rats is successfully applied. Furthermore, leveraging the universality of this strategy, multiple nonoverlapping protein‐escaping probes that achieve dual‐excitation (808 and 1064 nm) interference‐free imaging of nerve‐vessel and tumor‐vessel simultaneously are designed and synthesized. These protein‐escaping dyes enable long‐term repeatable dual‐color imaging of tumor localization, resection, and tumor‐vessel reconstruction at the wound site.
Upgrading the Separators Integrated with Desolvation and Selective Deposition toward the Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zuo Lanlan , Ma Qiang , Xiao Peitao , Guo Qingpeng , Xie Wei , Lu Di , Yun Xiaoru , Zheng Chunman , Chen Yufang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA practical and effective approach to improve the cycle stability of high‐energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is to selectively regulate the growth of the lithium anode. The design of desolvation and lithiophilic structure have proved to be significant means to regulate the lithium deposition process. Here, a fluorinated polymer lithiophilic separator (LS) loaded with a metal–organic framework (MOF801) is designed, which facilitates the rapid transfer of Li+ within the separator owing to the MOF801‐anchored PF6− from the electrolyte, Li deposition is confined in the plane resulting from the polymer fiber layer rich in lithiophilic groups (C─F). The numerical simulation results confirm that LS induces a uniform electric field and Li+ concentration distribution. Visualization technology records the behavior of regular Li deposition in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells equipping LS. Therefore, LS exhibits an ultrahigh Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.80) and a large exchange current density (j0 = 1.963 mA cm−2). LS guarantees the stable operation of Li||Li cells for over 1000 h. In addition, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||Li cell equipped with LS exhibits superior rate and cycle performances owing to the formation of LiF‐rich robust SEI layers. This study provides a way forward for dendrite‐free Li anodes from the perspective of separator engineering.
Stretchable Zn‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor with Hydrogel Encapsulated 3D Interdigital Structure
Authors: Xie Qian , Yi Chengjie , Zhang Hanning , Xia Huan , Xu Gang , Miao Chunyang , Yang Li , Shui Tao , Zhang Wei , Sun ZhengMing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo enhance the areal energy density of current flexible energy storage devices, hybrid capacitors combining the advantages of supercapacitors and batteries are proposed and further enhanced by incorporating the 3D interdigital structure design. However, uneven electric field distribution and hindered ion diffusion kinetics due to the non‐electroactive components in these devices limit the enhancement of areal electrochemical performances when expanding the electrodes longitudinally. Herein, hydrogels with high ionic conductivity and high mechanical stability are designed to accommodate Zn2+‐containing electrolytes and integrated with Ti3C2Tx‐MXene electrodes to assemble flexible Zn‐ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). Fully encapsulated by ionic conductive hydrogels, 3D interdigital electrodes enable omnidirectional ion transport and unimpeded ionic accessibility, facilitating adequate electrode reactions, rapid energy storage, and uniform energy distribution. Hence, the all‐hydrogel‐encapsulated ZIHC achieved a 50‐fold increase in capacitance with a quadrupled electrode thickness, exhibiting a large areal capacitance of 1432 mF cm−2 and an energy density of 389.7 µWh cm−2 without sacrificing power density and rate performance. Finite element simulations further illustrate the uniform distribution of potential, electric field intensity, and energy density in this structure. In addition, the device shows great stability under deformation, excellent adhesion, and underwater workability, demonstrating great promise for next‐generation wearable energy storage devices.
A novel single‐base deletional mutation of MIP impairs protein distribution and cell‐to‐cell adhesion in autosomal dominant cataracts in a Chinese family
Authors: Yu Yinhui , Qiao Yue , Ye Yang , Luo Chenqi , Yao Ke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCongenital cataracts are the leading cause of irreversible visual disability in children, and genetic factors play an important role in their development. In this study, targeted exome sequencing revealed a novel single‐base deletional mutation of MIP (c.301delG; p.Ala101Profs*16) segregated with congenital punctate cataract in a Chinese family. The hydrophobic properties, and secondary and tertiary structures for truncated MIP were predicted to affect the function of protein by bioinformatics analysis. When MIP‐WT and MIP‐Ala101fs expression constructs were singly transfected into HeLa cells, it was found that the mRNA level showed no significant difference, while the protein level of the mutant was remarkably reduced compared to that of the wild‐type MIP. Immunofluorescence images showed that the MIP‐WT was principally localized to the plasma membrane, whereas the MIP‐Ala101fs protein was aberrantly trapped in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the cell‐to‐cell adhesion capability and the cell‐to‐cell communication property were both significantly reduced for MIP‐Ala101fs compared to the MIP‐WT (all *p < 0.05). This is the first report of the c.301delG mutation in the MIP gene associated with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. We propose that the cataract is caused by the decreased protein expression and reduced cell‐to‐cell adhesion by the mutant MIP. The impaired trafficking or instability of the mutant protein, as well as compromised intercellular communication is probably a concurrent result of the mutation. The results expand the genetic and phenotypic spectra of MIP and help to better understand the molecular basis of congenital cataracts.
Objective assessment of autism spectrum disorder based on performance in structured interpersonal acting‐out tasks with prosodic stability and variability
Authors: Ochi Keiko , Kojima Masaki , Ono Nobutaka , Kuroda Miho , Owada Keiho , Sagayama Shigeki , Yamasue Hidenori 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this study, we sought to objectively and quantitatively characterize the prosodic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via the characteristics of prosody in a newly developed structured speech experiment. Male adults with high‐functioning ASD and age/intelligence‐matched men with typical development (TD) were asked to read 29 brief scripts aloud in response to preceding auditory stimuli. To investigate whether (1) highly structured acting‐out tasks can uncover the prosodic of difference between those with ASD and TD, and (2) the prosodic stableness and flexibleness can be used for objective automatic assessment of ASD, we compared prosodic features such as fundamental frequency, intensity, and mora duration. The results indicate that individuals with ASD exhibit stable pitch registers or volume levels in some affective vocal‐expression scenarios, such as those involving anger or sadness, compared with TD and those with TD. However, unstable prosody was observed in some timing control or emphasis tasks in the participants with ASD. Automatic classification of the ASD and TD groups using a support vector machine (SVM) with speech features exhibited an accuracy of 90.4%. A machine learning‐based assessment of the degree of ASD core symptoms using support vector regression (SVR) also had good performance. These results may inform the development of a new easy‐to‐use assessment tool for ASD core symptoms using recorded audio signals.
Amphiphilic Azo‐Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane; Synthesis and Photo‐Switched Efficient Phase Transfer via Host–Guest Encapsulation
Authors: Eftekhari‐Sis Bagher , Amirpour Nasim , Naderahmadian Aylar , Zirak Maryam , Janeta Mateusz , Mahmoudi Ghodrat 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA new amphiphilic azo‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivative was synthesized by functionalizing octa(3‐aminopropyl)silsesquioxane (OAS‐POSS) with 4‐((4‐(dodecyloxy)phenyl)diazenyl)benzoic acid, affording a hydrophilic amino POSS head and hydrophobic dodecyl tail with a diphenyl‐azo connector. Prepared amphiphilic azo‐functionalized POSS (azo‐POSS) exhibited high ability for encapsulation and transferring cationic dyes into the organic phase by vigorously mixing with aqueous solutions of each dye. The photo‐controlled encapsulating properties of the synthesized phase transfer reagent was studied using cationic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and thymol blue in acidic conditions. Results showed more than 95 % encapsulation of MB. However, no considerable encapsulation was shown in the case of anionic dyes such as eriochrome black T (EBT) and thymol blue in alkaline solutions. By trans/cis isomerization of the azo moiety of the phase transfer reagent by UV irradiation (365 nm), the amount of dye encapsulation was decreased, which could be attributed to the formation of cis isomer that led to the folding of the dodecyl alkyl tail on the POSS moiety, and therefore prevent to lay the 3‐aminopropyl moieties of POSS head to the water/DCM interface to adsorb and encapsulate MB molecules.
Arzanol, a natural phloroglucinol α‐pyrone, protects HaCaT keratinocytes against H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, counteracting cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial depolarization
Authors: Piras Franca , Sogos Valeria , Pollastro Federica , Appendino Giovanni , Rosa Antonella 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSkin oxidative stress results in structural damage, leading to premature senescence, and pathological conditions such as inflammation and cancer. The plant‐derived prenylated pyrone–phloroglucinol heterodimer arzanol, isolated from Helichrysum italicum ssp. microphyllum (Willd.) Nyman aerial parts, exhibits anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. This study explored the arzanol protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes in terms of its ability to counteract cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Arzanol safety on HaCaT cells was preliminarily examined by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and microscopic observation. The arzanol pre‐incubation (5–100 μM, for 24 h) did not induce cytotoxicity and morphological alterations. The phloroglucinol, at 50 μM, significantly protected keratinocytes against cytotoxicity induced by 2 h‐incubation with 2.5 and 5 mM H2O2, decreased cell ROS production induced by 1 h‐exposure to all tested H2O2 concentrations (0.5–5 mM), as determined by the 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) assay, and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] method). The 2‐h incubation of keratinocytes with H2O2 determined a significant increase of apoptotic cells versus control cells, evaluated by NucView® 488 assay, from the dose of 2.5 mM. Moreover, an evident mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization, monitored by fluorescent mitochondrial dye MitoView™ 633, was assessed at 5 mM H2O2. Arzanol pre‐treatment (50 μM) exerted a strong significant protective effect against apoptosis, preserving the mitochondrial membrane potential of HaCaT cells at the highest H2O2 concentrations. Our results validate arzanol as an antioxidant agent for the prevention/treatment of skin oxidative‐related disorders, qualifying its potential use for cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
A multi‐descriptor analysis of substituent effects on the structure and aromaticity of benzene derivatives: π‐Conjugation versus charge effects
Authors: Chagas Julio C. V. , Milanez Bruno D. , Oliveira Vytor P. , Pinheiro Jr Max , Ferrão Luiz F. A. , Aquino Adelia J. A. , Lischka Hans , Machado Francisco B. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis work provides a detailed multi‐component analysis of aromaticity in monosubstituted (X = CH3, C, C, NH2, NH−, NH+, OH, O−, and O+) and para‐homodisubstituted (X = CH3, CH2, NH2, NH, OH, and O) benzene derivatives. We investigate the effects of substituents using single‐reference (B3LYP/DFT) and multireference (CASSCF/MRCI) methods, focusing on structural (HOMA), vibrational (AI(vib)), topological (ELFπ), electronic (MCI), magnetic (NICS), and stability (S0–T1 splitting) properties. The findings reveal that appropriate π‐electron‐donating and π‐electron‐accepting substituents with suitable size and symmetry can interact with the π‐system of the ring, significantly influencing π‐electron delocalization. While the charge factor has a minimal impact on π‐electron delocalization, the presence of a pz orbital capable of interacting with the π‐electron delocalization is the primary factor leading to a deviation from the typical aromaticity characteristics observed in benzene.
Gestational age at birth influences protein and RNA content in human milk extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vahkal Brett , Altosaar Illimar , Tremblay Eric , Gagné David , Hüttman Nico , Minic Zoran , Côté Marceline , Blais Alexandre , Beaulieu Jean‐François , Ferretti Emanuela 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHuman milk extracellular vesicles (HM EVs) are proposed to protect against disease development in infants. This protection could in part be facilitated by the bioactive EV cargo of proteins and RNA. Notably, mothers birth infants of different gestational ages with unique needs, wherein the EV cargo of HM may diverge. We collected HM from lactating mothers within two weeks of a term or preterm birth. Following purification of EVs, proteins and mRNA were extracted for proteomics and sequencing analyses, respectively. Over 2000 protein groups were identified, and over 8000 genes were quantified. The total number of proteins and mRNA did not differ significantly between the two conditions, while functional bioinformatics of differentially expressed cargo indicated enrichment in immunoregulatory cargo for preterm HM EVs. In term HM EVs, significantly upregulated cargo was enriched in metabolism‐related functions. Based on gene expression signatures from HM‐contained single cell sequencing data, we proposed that a larger portion of preterm HM EVs are secreted by immune cells, whereas term HM EVs contain more signatures of lactocyte epithelial cells. Proposed differences in EV cargo could indicate variation in mother's milk based on infants’ gestational age and provide basis for further functional characterisation.
Short stay unit led by pediatric hospital medicine advanced practice providers
Authors: Potts Brittany K. , Pelletier Jonathan H. , Rawdon Leah , Forbes Michael L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn response to a critical pediatric bed shortage in 2022, an urgent process change was required to provide safe and timely medical care. We proposed a pilot for an advanced practice provider (APP)‐run short stay unit (SSU) for select pediatric hospital medicine (PHM) patients.ObjectiveTo compare length of stay (LOS) and cost before and after implementation of a PHM APP‐led SSU pilot at a tertiary pediatric hospital.Designs, Settings, and ParticipantsSingle‐center prospective pilot observational cohort study with historical control. Observation encounters for patients with asthma, bronchiolitis, croup, and dehydration were included.InterventionAn independent‐practice model SSU staffed by APPs on the PHM service.Main Outcome and MeasuresSSU encounters (September 1, 2022–December 1, 2022) were compared against pre‐SSU encounters (September 1, 2021–August 31, 2022). Cohorts were described with summary statistics. SSU encounters were matched against pre‐SSU encounters based on demographics and diagnosis, and the average effect of treatment was calculated. LOS was abstracted from the enterprise data warehouse and standardized unit cost from the Pediatric Health Information Systems database.ResultsThere were 1110 encounters included, 155 in the SSU cohort and 955 in the pre‐SSU cohort: 24.2% asthma, 30.8% bronchiolitis, 8.3% croup, and 36.7% dehydration. Median (interquartile range) unit LOS decreased from 21 (16–26) to 18 (10–22) h, p < .001. Cost decreased from $3593 ($3031–$4560) to $2958 ($2278–$3856), p < .001. After matching, the average treatment effect was reduction of 3.88 h (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.91–5.85) and $593 (95% CI $348–$839). There were no significant differences in 7‐day ED revisit rates.
Subjective expectations and schooling choices in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Gantier Marcelo , Novella Rafael , Repetto Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractExpectations about future labour market opportunities are essential for education and labour market decisions. This paper uses data from a survey of youths in seven Latin American and Caribbean countries to explore the role of expected returns to education on schooling decisions. We find substantial variation in subjective expectations partly explained by youths' socioeconomic characteristics. Also, we find that enrolment in tertiary education is positively related to perceived education returns. Furthermore, the association of expectations with schooling choices differs across individuals in relevant domains, including gender, skills, and socioeconomic background. Our results suggest that public policies might impact choices and reduce socioeconomic gaps in schooling by providing information on education returns.
Cardiac MR Fingerprinting: Overview, Technical Developments, and Applications
Authors: Rashid Imran , Cruz Gastao , Seiberlich Nicole , Hamilton Jesse I. 
Published: December 2023

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an established imaging modality with proven utility in assessing cardiovascular diseases. The ability of CMR to characterize myocardial tissue using T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, parametric mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement has allowed for the non‐invasive identification of specific pathologies not previously possible with modalities like echocardiography. However, CMR examinations are lengthy and technically complex, requiring multiple pulse sequences and different anatomical planes to comprehensively assess myocardial structure, function, and tissue composition. To increase the overall impact of this modality, there is a need to simplify and shorten CMR exams to improve access and efficiency, while also providing reproducible quantitative measurements. Multiparametric MRI techniques that measure multiple tissue properties offer one potential solution to this problem. This review provides an in‐depth look at one such multiparametric approach, cardiac magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF). The article is structured as follows. First, a brief review of single‐parametric and (non‐Fingerprinting) multiparametric CMR mapping techniques is presented. Second, a general overview of cardiac MRF is provided covering pulse sequence implementation, dictionary generation, fast k‐space sampling methods, and pattern recognition. Third, recent technical advances in cardiac MRF are covered spanning a variety of topics, including simultaneous multislice and 3D sampling, motion correction algorithms, cine MRF, synthetic multicontrast imaging, extensions to measure additional clinically important tissue properties (proton density fat fraction, T2*, and T1ρ), and deep learning methods for image reconstruction and parameter estimation. The last section will discuss potential clinical applications, concluding with a perspective on how multiparametric techniques like MRF may enable streamlined CMR protocols.Level of Evidence5Technical EfficacyStage 1
Neurophysiology of corneal neuropathic pain and emerging pharmacotherapeutics
Authors: Asiedu Kofi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe altered activity generated by corneal neuronal injury can result in morphological and physiological changes in the architecture of synaptic connections in the nervous system. These changes can alter the sensitivity of neurons (both second‐order and higher‐order projection) projecting pain signals. A complex process involving different cell types, molecules, nerves, dendritic cells, neurokines, neuropeptides, and axon guidance molecules causes a high level of sensory rearrangement, which is germane to all the phases in the pathomechanism of corneal neuropathic pain. Immune cells migrating to the region of nerve injury assist in pain generation by secreting neurokines that ensure nerve depolarization. Furthermore, excitability in the central pain pathway is perpetuated by local activation of microglia in the trigeminal ganglion and alterations of the descending inhibitory modulation for corneal pain arriving from central nervous system. Corneal neuropathic pain may be facilitated by dysfunctional structures in the central somatosensory nervous system due to a lesion, altered synaptogenesis, or genetic abnormality. Understanding these important pathways will provide novel therapeutic insight.