bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Orthostatic Hypotension and Frailty With Dementia and Mortality in Older Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Xia Xin , Jönsson Linus , Tazzeo Clare , Qiu Chengxuan , Rizzuto Debora , Laukka Erika J , Grande Giulia , Fratiglioni Laura , Vetrano Davide Liborio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to assess the associations of orthostatic hypotension (OH), in the presence or absence of frailty, with dementia and mortality in older adults.

Methods
We conducted a 15-year population-based cohort study including 2 703 baseline dementia-free individuals from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. At baseline, OH was defined as a decline in systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥20/10 mm Hg 1 minute after standing up from a supine position. Frailty status was defined following Fried’s frailty phenotype. Dementia was diagnosed following the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-fourth edition criteria. Multistate flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate associations of OH and frailty with dementia and mortality.

Results
Robust people with OH (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47–3.54) and frail people without OH (HR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.40–2.82) or with OH (HR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.82–4.10) had a higher dementia risk than OH-free and robust people. Moreover, frail people, independently of the presence of OH, had higher mortality rate than OH-free and robust people. In individuals who developed dementia during the follow-up period, neither OH nor frailty was significantly associated with mortality.

Conclusions
Older adults with OH, whether robust or frail, may have a higher dementia risk than those without OH. Older adults with OH, when having frailty, may have a higher mortality rate than those without OH. The concurrent assessments of OH and frailty may provide prognostic values in terms of dementia and mortality risk in older adults.
Yo-Yo Dieting Delays Male Drosophila melanogaster Aging Through Enhanced Mitochondrial Function, Relative to Sustained High-Calorie Diet Feeding
Authors: Luo Mengliu , Yuan Qianhua , Xie Yutong , Mai Meiqing , Song Wanhan , Wang Ya , Shi Haimei , Xia Enqin , Guo Honghui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Weight regain subsequent to weight reduction resulting from dietary interventions represents a prevalent phenomenon recognized as “Yo-yo dieting.” However, the impact of prolonged Yo-yo dieting on health, especially in relation to the aging process, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Yo-yo dieting on the aging process in male Drosophila melanogaster that have been exposed to a high-calorie (HC) diet. Fruit flies were fed with either a consistent HC diet or an alternating regimen of HC and low-calorie diets every 3 days (referred to as “Yo-yo dieting”) for a total of 24 days. Biochemical assays were utilized to quantify levels of oxidative stress and activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The frozen section staining method was employed to assess the presence of lipid droplets, reactive oxygen species, cellular viability, and mitochondrial abundance in tissues. Additionally, we examined the expression of key regulators involved in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenic signaling pathways. Yo-yo dieting resulted in an extension of the fruit flies’ lifespan, concomitant with reduced body weight, decreased body protein content, and lower triglyceride levels compared to continuous a HC diet feeding. Furthermore, Yo-yo dieting ameliorated impairments in motility and intestinal barrier function. Importantly, it improved mitochondrial function and upregulated the expression of essential mitochondrial fusion proteins, namely mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2, optic atrophy 1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α. Therefore, the practice of Yo-yo dieting extends the lifespan of fruit flies by modulating mitochondrial dynamics and the associated biogenic signaling pathways.
Inequalities in Mortality in the Asia-Pacific: A Cross-National Comparison of Socioeconomic Gradients
Authors: Xu Kim Qinzi , Aw Jessica Yi Han , Payne Collin F 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Social inequalities in mortality are poorly studied in much of the Asia-Pacific. Using data from harmonized nationally representative longitudinal health and aging surveys our study systematically assesses mortality disparities across 3 standardized measures of socioeconomic status in 7 Asia-Pacific countries.

Methods
We used data from multiple waves of 7 representative sample surveys: the Health, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, the Indonesian Family Life Survey, the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement survey, the Korean Longitudinal Study on Ageing and the Health, Aging and Retirement in Thailand survey, and the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement. We use Cox proportional hazards modeling to examine how the hazard of mortality differs across domains of social stratification including educational attainment, wealth, and occupational status across countries.

Results
We found consistent and pervasive gradients in mortality risk in the high-income countries by all available measures of social stratification. In contrast, patterns of inequality in adult mortality in middle-income and recently transitioned high-income countries investigated varied depending on the measure of social stratification, with strong gradients by wealth but mixed gradients by education.

Discussion
Analyzing social gradients in mortality in the Asia-Pacific shows that inequalities, especially wealth-based inequalities, in later-life health are present across the region, and that the magnitude of social gradients in mortality is overall larger in high-income countries as compared to middle-income countries.
Cohort Differences in PTSD Symptoms and Military Experiences: A Life Course Perspective
Authors: Kurth Maria L , Witzel Dakota D , Segerstrom Suzanne C , Choun Soyoung , Aldwin, PhD Carolyn M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
There have been major changes in military service over the past 50 years. Most research on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat Veterans comes from help-seeking Vietnam and WWII cohorts; results from more recent cohort comparisons are mixed. The present study addressed these gaps by exploring cohort differences among Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-9/11 combat Veterans from a life course perspective.

Research Design and Methods
We recruited community-dwelling combat and war zone Veterans (N = 167), primarily from Veterans’ associations in Oregon from three cohorts: Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-911. Online surveys assessed current PTSD symptoms, life course (demographics and cohort membership), and experiential variables (combat severity, appraisals of military service, homecoming, and social support).

Results
Cohorts were comparable in demographics and war experiences. Step one of a hierarchical regression found that PTSD symptoms were higher among Veterans of color and those with lower incomes, R2 = 0.37, p &lt; .001. When cohort was added, Vietnam Veterans had higher symptoms than Post-9/11; income and race/ethnicity remained significant, ΔR2 = 0.01, p = .13. The final model added experiential variables, ΔR2 = 0.38, p &lt; .001; cohort and income were no longer significant, although Veterans of color still reported higher symptoms. Those with more undesirable service appraisals and who sought social support had higher symptoms, while desirable appraisals were protective.

Discussion and Implications
From a life course perspective, the particular war zone that Veterans served in was less important than demographics and both service and postservice experiences, suggesting generalizability of risk and protective factors, as well as treatment modalities, across cohorts.
Magma migration below Tancítaro and Paricutin volcanoes revealed by seismology
Authors: Perton M , Legrand D , Macías J L , Cisneros G , Yañez-Sandoval R 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
In this study, we analyse the 2020 seismic swarm that lasted two months and occurred between the Tancítaro and the Paricutin volcanoes in the Michoacán Guanajuato Volcanic Field, Mexico. We developed a new method to automatically detect and locate about 100 000 earthquakes, enabling us to track the magma migration through narrow dykes. Additionally, we reveal the presence of two magma reservoirs from two seismic noise tomography results. The first reservoir is located from 8 to 20 km below sea level and beneath the Tancítaro volcano and probably corresponds to a complex network of dykes and sills. This crustal reservoir is fed by a mantle reservoir with a wide horizontal extension between 35 and 50 km below sea level. The seismic swarm initiated beneath the Tancítaro summit in the lower portion of the crustal magma reservoir. At this stage, the seismicity migration was mainly horizontal, which we interpret as its response to the higher normal stress caused by the gravitational load of Tancítaro. Once the magma was displaced laterally from beneath Tancítaro, magma migration became more vertical. The swarm reached the upper portion of the crustal magma reservoir but did not escape it. We also reveal the effect of a distant but strong tectonic earthquake on the seismic swarm. Before its occurrence, magma migration followed several paths; afterwards, it became more focused along a single path. Finally, after the swarm, we observed a second type of seismicity called post-swarm seismicity, with a lower earthquake rate but with higher magnitudes. The hypocentres were diffuse and horizontally centred on the previous swarm location. Furthermore, some earthquakes were aligned along shallow faults, generating a high seismic risk to the different Tancítaro nearby localities.
Health insurance coverage among incident cancer cases from population-based cancer registries in 49 US states, 2010–2019
Authors: Hu Xin , Yang Nuo Nova , Fan Qinjin , Yabroff K Robin , Han Xuesong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Having health insurance coverage is a strong determinant of cancer care access and survival in the United States. The expansion of Medicaid income eligibility under the Affordable Care Act has increased insurance coverage for working-age adults. Using data from the Cancer Incidence in North America (CiNA) in 2010–2019, we identified 6 432 117 incident cancer cases with known insurance status diagnosed at age 18–64 years from population-based registries of 49 states. Considerable variation in Medicaid coverage and uninsured rate exists across states, especially by Medicaid expansion status. Among expansion states, Medicaid coverage increased from 14.1% in 2010 to 19.9% in 2019, while the Medicaid coverage rate remained lower (range = 11.7% – 12.7%) in non-expansion states. The uninsured rate decreased from 4.9% to 2.1% in expansion states, while in non-expansion states, the uninsured rate decreased slightly from 9.5% to 8.1%. In 2019, 111 393 cancer cases (16.9%) had Medicaid coverage at diagnosis (range = 7.6%–37.9% across states), and 48 357 (4.4%) were uninsured (range = 0.5%–13.2%). These estimates suggest that many patients with cancer may face challenges with care access and continuity, especially following the unwinding of COVID-19 pandemic protections for Medicaid coverage. State cancer prevention and control efforts are needed to mitigate cancer care disparities among vulnerable populations.
Towards the completion of Koch's postulates for the citrus huanglongbing bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus
Authors: Zheng Desen , Armstrong Cheryl M , Yao Wei , Wu Bo , Luo Weiqi , Powell Charles , Hunter Wayne , Luo Feng , Gabriel Dean , Duan Yongping 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) is one of the causal agents of huanglongbing (HLB), the most devastating disease of citrus worldwide. Due to the intracellular lifestyle and significant genome reduction, culturing Las in vitro has proven to be extremely challenging. In this study, we optimized growth conditions and developed a semi-selective medium based on the results of nutritional and antibiotic screening assays. Using these optimized conditions, we were able to grow Las in the LG liquid medium with ca.100- to 1000-fold increase, which peaked after 4 to 6 weeks and were estimated to contain 106 to 107 cells/ml. The cultured Las bacteria remained in a dynamic state of growth for over 20 months and displayed limited growth in subcultures. The survival and growth of Las was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with Las-specific probes and expression of its metabolic genes. Growth of Las in the optimized medium relied on the presence of a helper bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia FLMAT-1 that is multi-drug resistant and dominant in the Las co-culture system. To recapitulate the disease, the co-cultured Las was inoculated back to citrus seedlings via psyllid feeding. Although the Las-positive rate of the fed psyllids and inoculated plants were relatively low, this is the first demonstration of partial fulfillment of Koch’s postulates with significant growth of Las in vitro and a successful inoculation of cultured Las back to psyllids and citrus plants that resulted in HLB symptoms. These results provide new insights into Las growth in vitro and a system for improvement towards axenic culture and anti-Las compound screening.
Diabetes mortality: trends and multi-country analysis of the Americas from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Antini Carmen , Caixeta Roberta , Luciani Silvana , Hennis Anselm J M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetes has been increasing worldwide and is now among the 10 leading causes of death globally. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a complication of poorly managed diabetes, is related to high mortality risk. To better understand the situation in the Americas region, we evaluated diabetes and DKD mortality trends over the past 20 years.

Methods
We analysed diabetes and DKD mortality for 33 countries in the Americas from 2000 to 2019. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Estimates and the World Population Prospects, 2019 Revision, estimating annual age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and gaps in the distribution of diabetes and DKD mortality by sex and country. Trend analyses were based on the annual average percentage of change (AAPC).

Results
From 2000 to 2019, the overall mortality trend from diabetes in the Americas remained stable [AAPC: -0.2% (95% CI: -0.4%–0.0%]; however, it showed important differences by sex and by country over time. By contrast, DKD mortality increased 1.5% (1.3%–1.6%) per year, rising faster in men than women, with differences between countries. Central America, Mexico and the Latin Caribbean showed significant increases in mortality for both diseases, especially DKD. In contrast in North America, diabetes mortality decreased whereas DKD mortality increased.

Conclusions
The increase in DKD mortality is evidence of poorly controlled diabetes in the region. The lack of programmes on prevention of complications, self-care management and gaps in quality health care may explain this trend and highlight the urgent need to build more robust health systems based on primary care, prioritizing diabetes prevention and control.
Darcy’s problem coupled with the heat equation under singular forcing: analysis and discretization
Authors: Allendes Alejandro , Campaña Gilberto , Fuica Francisco , Otárola Enrique 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the existence of solutions for Darcy’s problem coupled with the heat equation under singular forcing; the right-hand side of the heat equation corresponds to a Dirac measure. The model studied involves thermal diffusion and viscosity depending on the temperature. We propose a finite element solution technique and analyze its convergence properties. In the case where thermal diffusion is independent of temperature, we propose an a posteriori error estimator and study its reliability and efficiency properties. We illustrate the theory with numerical examples.
Safety and Virologic Impact of Haploidentical NK Cells Plus Interleukin 2 or N-803 in HIV Infection
Authors: Miller Jeffrey S , Rhein Joshua , Davis Zachary B , Cooley Sarah , McKenna David , Anderson Jodi , Escandón Kevin , Wieking Garritt , Reichel Jarrett , Thorkelson Ann , Jorstad Siri , Safrit Jeffrey T , Soon-Shiong Patrick , Beilman Gregory J , Chipman Jeffrey G , Schacker Timothy W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Natural killer (NK) cells are dysfunctional in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as they are not able to clear virus. We hypothesized that an infusion of NK cells, supported by interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-15, could decrease virus-producing cells in the lymphatic tissues.

Methods
We conducted a phase 1 pilot study in 6 persons with HIV (PWH), where a single infusion of haploidentical related donor NK cells was given plus either IL-2 or N-803 (an IL-15 superagonist).

Results
The approach was well tolerated with no unexpected adverse events. We did not pretreat recipients with cyclophosphamide or fludarabine to “make immunologic space,” reasoning that PWH on stable antiretroviral treatment remain T-cell depleted in lymphatic tissues. We found donor cells remained detectable in blood for up to 8 days (similar to what is seen in cancer pretreatment with lymphodepleting chemotherapy) and in the lymph nodes and rectum up to 28 days. There was a moderate decrease in the frequency of viral RNA-positive cells in lymph nodes.

Conclusions
There was a moderate decrease in HIV-producing cells in lymph nodes. Further studies are warranted to determine the impact of healthy NK cells on HIV reservoirs and if restoring NK-cell function could be part of an HIV cure strategy.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03346499 and NCT03899480.
Transposon sequencing reveals the essential gene set and genes enabling gut symbiosis in the insect symbiont Caballeronia insecticola
Authors: Jouan Romain , Lextrait Gaëlle , Lachat Joy , Yokota Aya , Cossard Raynald , Naquin Delphine , Timchenko Tatiana , Kikuchi Yoshitomo , Ohbayashi Tsubasa , Mergaert Peter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Caballeronia insecticola is a bacterium belonging to the Burkholderia genus sensu lato, which is able to colonize multiple environments like soils and the gut of the bean bug Riptortus pedestris. We constructed a saturated Himar1 mariner transposon library and revealed by transposon-sequencing that 498 protein-coding genes constitute the essential genome of Caballeronia insecticola for growth in free-living conditions. By comparing essential gene sets of Caballeronia insecticola and seven related Burkholderia s.l. strains, only 120 common genes were identified, indicating that a large part of the essential genome is strain-specific. In order to reproduce specific nutritional conditions that are present in the gut of Riptortus pedestris, we grew the mutant library in minimal media supplemented with candidate gut nutrients and identified several condition-dependent fitness-defect genes by transposon-sequencing. To validate the robustness of the approach, insertion mutants in six fitness genes were constructed and their growth deficiency in media supplemented with the corresponding nutrient was confirmed. The mutants were further tested for their efficiency in Riptortus pedestris gut colonization, confirming that gluconeogenic carbon sources, taurine and inositol, are nutrients consumed by the symbiont in the gut. Thus, our study provides insights about specific contributions provided by the insect host to the bacterial symbiont.
Active microbiota persist in dry permafrost and active layer from Elephant Head, Antarctica
Authors: Wood Claudia , Bruinink Alyssa , Trembath-Reichert Elizabeth , Wilhelm Mary Beth , Vidal Chanel , Balaban Edward , McKay Christopher P , Swan Robert , Swan Barney , Goordial Jackie 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dry permafrost is a challenging environment for microbial life due to cold, dry, and often oligotrophic conditions. In 2016, Elephant Head, Antarctica, was confirmed as the second site on Earth to contain dry permafrost. It is geographically distinct from the McMurdo Dry Valleys where dry permafrost has been studied previously. Here, we present the first study of the microbial activity, diversity, and functional potential of Elephant Head dry permafrost. Microbial activity was measured using radiorespiration assays with radiolabeled acetate as a carbon source at 5, 0, and −5°C. Low, but detectable, rates of microbial activity were measured in some samples at 0 and −5°C. This is distinct from previous studies of McMurdo Dry Valley dry permafrost which concluded that dry permafrost represents a cold-arid limit to life on the planet. The isolation of cold-adapted organisms from these soils, including one capable of subzero growth, further supports that the Elephant Head dry active layer and dry permafrost harbor viable microbial life, which may be active in situ. Metagenomic, 16S rRNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer and amplicon sequencing identified similar microbial communities to other Antarctic and cold environments. The Elephant Head microbial community appears to be adapted for survival in cold, dry, and oligotrophic conditions based on the presence of cold adaptation and stress response genes in the metagenomes. Together, our results show that dry permafrost environments do not exclude active microbial life at subzero temperatures, suggesting that the cold, dry soils of Mars may also not be as inhospitable as previously thought.
A multiyear time series (2004–2012) of bacterial and archaeal community dynamics in a changing Arctic Ocean
Authors: Kraemer Susanne A , Ramachandran Arthi , Onana Vera E , Li William K W , Walsh David A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Climate change is profoundly impacting the Arctic, leading to a loss of multiyear sea ice and a warmer, fresher upper Arctic Ocean. The response of microbial communities to these climate-mediated changes is largely unknown. Here, we document the interannual variation in bacterial and archaeal communities across a 9-year time series of the Canada Basin that includes two historic sea ice minima (2007 and 2012). We report an overall loss of bacterial and archaeal community richness and significant shifts in community composition. The magnitude and period of most rapid change differed between the stratified water layers. The most pronounced changes in the upper water layers (surface mixed layer and upper Arctic water) occurred earlier in the time series, while changes in the lower layer (Pacific-origin water) occurred later. Shifts in taxonomic composition across time were subtle, but a decrease in Bacteroidota taxa and increase in Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota taxa were the clearest signatures of change. This time series provides a rare glimpse into the potential influence of climate change on Arctic microbial communities; extension to the present day should contribute to deeper insights into the trajectory of Arctic marine ecosystems in response to warming and freshening.