bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Foundations of Two-Dimensional Semantics
Authors: Chalmers David J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why is two-dimensional semantics important? One can think of it as the most regency act in a drama involving three of the central concepts of philosophy: meaning, reason, and modality. First, Kant linked reason and modality, by suggesting that what is necessary is knowable a priori, and vice versa. Second, Frege linked reason and meaning, by proposing an aspect of meaning (sense) that is constitutively tied to cognitive significance. Third, Carnap linked meaning and modality, by proposing an aspect of meaning (intension) that is constitutively tied to possibility and necessity.
From Reduction to Emergence
Authors: Clayton Philip 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is widely but falsely held that there are only two major ways to interpret the world: in a physicalist or in a dualist fashion. The mistaken belief in this dichotomy has its roots in the confrontation of Newtonian physics with the metaphysical systems that still dominated in the seventeenth century, which were built up out of Greek, Christian, and medieval elements—but we will not worry here about the historical backgrounds to the conflict. It is the thesis of this book that the days of this forced dilemma are past.
An Alien’s Act of Sedition: ‘Trans-atlantic peculiarities’ and North African Attachments in The Algerine Captive
Authors: Wood Sarah F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is no denying it: Sancho Panza repeatedly outshines and upstages his master in the literature of the early republic. In Joseph Dennie’s ‘Farrago’ columns, published in various periodicals between 1792 and 1802, Don Quixote barely gets a mention, passed over in favour of the ‘pithy PANZA’, the ‘SANCHO PANZA’ whose ‘very simplicity’ enables him to ‘inform and amuse’. And even though Royall Tyler, in the voice of ‘Spondee’, complains about the ‘Sancho Panza proverbs of Benjamin Franklin’, associating them with the ‘extravagant bloated style [ … ] too prevalent’ in American letters, he nonetheless devotes an entire play to Sancho’s antics in The Island of Barrataria (c .1808–15).
The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt
Authors: Riggs Christina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This important new study looks at the intersection of Greek and Egyptian art forms in the funerary sphere of Roman Egypt. A discussion of artistic change, cultural identity, and religious belief foregrounds the detailed analysis of more than 150 objects and tombs, many of which are presented here for the first time. In addition to the information it provides about individual works of art, supported by catalogue entries, the study explores fundamental questions such as how artists combine the iconographies and representational forms of different visual traditions, and why two distinct visual traditions were employed in Roman Egypt.
The Oxford Movement: Wordsworth to Hopkins
Authors: Knight Mark , Mason Emma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Oxford Movement, also known as Tractarianism, is perhaps the most literary of those nineteenth-century theologies discussed in this book, and emerged in the 1830s from the academic environment of Oxford University. The movement’s central figures were poets as well as preachers, and its doctrinal system was grounded in poetics as much as theology. This chapter will discuss both its main leaders, John Keble, John Henry Newman, Edward Bouverie Pusey, and Isaac Williams; and also the poets who were attracted by its theological and aesthetic innovations, notably Wordsworth, Dora Greenwell, Adelaide Anne Procter, Christina Rossetti, and Newman. Grasping Tractarian beliefs can be a slippery task due to internal disagreements regarding key doctrines like reserve, the eucharist, confession, the Incarnation, and analogy. The Tracts for the Times, however, a series of treatises published by several of its members, grant us some idea of their collective philosophy. As we will show, the Oxford Movement was rooted in the pre-Reformation liturgical practice of the Church of England, revived primarily by the anti-Calvinist, William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633. The ceremonial changes Laud promoted were taken to an extreme within the Movement’s late nineteenthcentury preference for an intensely medieval ‘ritual’, a word they used to denote both the words in the liturgy and the ornate ceremonial practised in the church space. This medieval bent of late Tractarianism merged, for some problematically, with a Pre-Raphaelite fascination with Britain’s chivalric past and the Movement’s theological ideas became both gradually secularized by writers such as Walter Pater, and also Romanized by poets like Gerard Manley Hopkins.
Catholicism and Mysticism: Huysmans to Chesterton
Authors: Knight Mark , Mason Emma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most surprising converts to Roman Catholicism in the late nineteenth century was the Decadent writer, J. K. Huysmans. Well before his conversion in 1892 and the subsequent ‘Catholic phase’ of his writing, Huysmans’s writing had signalled an interest in Catholicism. As Ellis Hanson observes in Decadence and Catholicism: ‘In fact, both A Rebours [Against Nature] and L`a-Bas [The Damned] are Christian conversion narratives, replete with the sort of scholarly disquisitions on mysticism, the liturgy, and Church architecture that are characteristic of his post-conversion work.’ Against Nature’s engagement with Catholicism is far from straightforward, however, as Hanson goes on to explain, and the parallel of the novel with a conversion narrative is not without its limitations: ‘The final passionate prayer of A Rebours is by no means a resolution to Des Esseintes’s oscillations. It is, rather, an inconclusive repetition in a circular narrative that rearticulates over and over the same eccentric sensibility in different words.’ By reminding us that the narrative does not culminate in a clear and unambiguous religious resolution, Hanson points towards the way in which Huysmans’s text exemplifies the complex and difficult place of Catholicism in late nineteenth-century literature. Catholicism proves incapable of answering Des Esseintes’s spiritual questions and explorations: the ending of the novel may continue to use Catholic discourse but it does so in an inconclusive, even hopeless, manner.
Kraton, Son of Zotichos: Artists’ Associations and Monarchic Power in the Hellenistic Period*
Authors: Le Guen Brigitte 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Kraton, son of Zotichos, from Calchedon, is undoubtedly the aulos-player from the ancient world about whom we are best informed. A musician active in the second century BC and an eminent member of the Association of Dionysian Technitai in Asia Minor (a group of stage performers under the protection of the god of the theatre), he is known to us through around ten items of epigraphic evidence.
Writing in Another (French) Language
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rather than participating in the desecration of conventional French, ‘poetry’ is a spiritual experience, according to Michaux. Its capacity to transfigure its readers recalls the illumination of the ‘reader’ in ‘Portrait de A.’ and É cuador, and prefigures his account of Supervielle’s poetic transfiguration in his ‘lettremémo’ to Bertelé. Privileging a simultaneously physical and spiritual ‘frisson’ over the beauty of ideas, it speaks of and to emotions rather than the intellect, in that concrete language of ‘things’ which Michaux described in Les Rêves et la jambe as the pre-Babelic language of humankind.
Writing and Painting Vision
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The same year that saw the publication of Épreuves-exorcismes, where Michaux rebels against the murderous ‘Immense voix’ of conventional linguistic expression, also saw that of Liberté d’action (1945). Closing on his renunciation of murder and writing, the book announces his turn to painting: ‘Apr`es tuer, les caresses. … J’en ai trop dit. A écrire on s’expose décidément à l’excès. D’ailleurs je ne tue plus. Tout lasse. Encore une époque de ma vie de finie. Maintenant je vais peindre.’ In the ‘Renseignements’, Michaux’s 1947 ‘voyages d’oubli des maux’ similarly suggest, through a homophonic pun with mots, that from that period of time onwards he began to draw away from the pain of linguistic expression.
Natural Signs between Writing and Drawing
Authors: Rigaud-Drayton Margaret 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Michaux’s exploration in his illustrated books of the tensions between the figural and the discursive, and between the visionary and the visible, finds interesting echoes in those works where he plays with the ambiguities surrounding Western ideas of what does and does not constitute writing. In the illustrated books that I looked at in the previous chapter, Michaux’s analyses of the discursive and figural qualities of verbal and visual expression implicitly question their difference by pointing at some of the ways in which they overlap. In other works, he takes this challenge to the delimitation of verbal and visual modes of signification further by experimenting with the visual qualities of texts. However, just as it is impossible simultaneously to look at the visual works and read the texts in an illustrated book, so one cannot at once read a text and see it. By submitting his readers to the temptation of a visual spectacle even as he offers them the possibility of conventional legibility in graphically expressive texts, Michaux tests the limits of reading and seeing, and of writing and drawing.
Young Ludwig
Authors: McGuinness Brian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ludwig Wittgenstein is universally recognized as one of the most original and influential philosophers of his age and as a personality of great magnetism and power. Not all who recognize his importance admire him or approve of it; his life and work are both surrounded by controversy. In this welcome reissue of his classic biographical study, complete with a brand-new Preface, Brian McGuinness traces the early years of this fascinating figure and examines the formative influences which shaped his extraordinary life.
Trinity and Kenosis
Authors: Thompson Thomas R , Plantinga Cornelius 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
More obvious even than love and marriage, or horse and carriage, do the doctrines of Trinity and Incarnation ‘go together’, as it was the event of the Incarnation that first gave rise to the distinctive Christian conception of God-as-Trinity, its transcendental ground. The revelation of Jesus Christ, the eternally begotten, but now enfleshed Son of the Father, compelled the Christian confession of a personal plurality within the one, true God.
Kenosis and Feminist Theory
Authors: Groenhout Ruth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The concept of kenosis is that of a self-emptying, a self-giving, a self-sacrificing. It has become commonplace in feminist thought to argue that women are socialized to be inordinately self-sacrificing, and that this socialization is a very bad thing. So can a feminist endorse a kenotic theology? Wouldn’t a theology that makes an act of selfsacrifice theologically central to an understanding of Christianity be necessarily opposed to a feminism that advocates the empowerment and self-ownership of women? Feminist theory is developed out of a concern for the rights of women to live full, flourishing lives. Kenosis holds up for us the example of a self-sacrificing saviour whom we are to emulate by giving up our claims to power and authority, and by sacrificing our selves for the sake of others. The contradiction seems clear and incontrovertible, and the notion of a kenotic feminist theology seems to be, at least on the face of it, an oxymoron.
Critice in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries and the Rise of the Notion of Historical Criticism
Authors: Bravo Benedetto 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this essay is to call attention to one of the components of the multifarious cultural process that engendered the notion of criticism as an intellectual approach or an intellectual operation indispensable for any kind of knowledge aspiring to objective validity. I shall try to show how scholars professionally studying ancient (Greek and Latin, pagan and Christian) texts in the last quarter of the sixteenth and in the first half of the seventeenth century used the word critice (or critica), how its meaning and function changed during that time, and how, in the last quarter of the seventeenth century (during the great mutation that Paul Hazard called ‘the crisis of European consciousness’), the rather confused conglomerate of notions that had formed around the term critice as a result of the efforts and aspirations of viri docti of that craft, inﬂuenced
Plotinus on Eudaimonia
Authors: Mcgroarty Kieran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A philosophical commentary on a section of the Enneads written by the last great Neoplatonist thinker, Plotinus. The treatise is entitled 'Concerning Well-Being' and was written at a late stage in Plotinus' life when he was suffering from an illness that was shortly to kill him. Its main concern is with the good man and how he should pursue the good life. The treatise is therefore central to our understanding of Plotinus' ethical theory, and the commentary seeks to explicate and elucidate that theory. Plotinus' views on how one should live in order to fulfil oneself as a human being are as relevant now as they were in the third century AD. All Greek and Latin is translated, while short summaries introducing the content of each chapter help to make Plotinus' argument clear even to the non-specialist.
Holy Terror
Authors: Eagleton Terry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Holy Terror is a profound and timely investigation of the idea of terror, drawing upon political, philosophical, literary, and theological sources to trace a genealogy from the ancient world to the modern day. Rather than add to the mounting pile of political studies of terrorism, Terry Eagleton offers here a metaphysics of terror with a serious historical perspective. Writing with remarkable clarity and persuasive insight he examines a concept whose cultural impact predates 9/11 by millennia. From its earliest manifestations in rite and ritual, through the French Revolution to the ‘War on Terror’ of today, terror has been regarded with both horror and fascination. Eagleton examines the duality of the sacred (both life-giving and death-dealing) and relates it, via current and past ideas of freedom, to the idea of terror itself. Stretching from the cult of Dionysus to the thought of Jacques Lacan, the book takes in en route ideas of God, freedom, the sublime, and the unconscious. It also examines the problem of evil, and devotes a concluding chapter to the idea of tragic sacrifice and the scapegoat. Written by one of the world's foremost cultural critics, Holy Terror is a provocative and ambitious examination of one of the most urgent issues of our time.
States of Sublimity
Authors: Eagleton Terry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
FOR Thomas Aquinas, God is a kind of nothingness about whom nothing really intelligible can be said, even if Aquinas himself managed to say it at extraordinary length. There is a sense in which he would have endorsed Lenin ‘s scathing comment that theology is ‘a subject without an object’. God for Judaeo-Christian theology is not an object, principle, entity, or existent being. He is rather what makes these things possible in the first place. He defeats all representation and strikes language dumb—which is to say, in aesthetic terms, that he is sublime.
The Living Dead
Authors: Eagleton Terry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
LET us summarize the argument so far. The sacred is a Janus-faced power, at once life-giving and death-dealing, which can be traced all the way from the orgies of Dionysus to the shattering enthralments of the sublime. For late modern civilization, some of its primary incarnations are known as the unconscious, the death drive, or the Real. This monstrous ambivalence, which for the Judaeo-Christian lineage finds its epitome in the holy terror of God, is also to be found at the root of the modern conception of freedom.
Introduction
Authors: Corns Gordon Campbell Thomas N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Writing a biography of John Milton seems seductively easy, for two powerful reasons. First, much of the necessary information appears to be readily available. In the closing decades of the seventeenth century five lives were written by people who knew Milton or could draw information from others who did. Edward Phillips prepared an account of his uncle’s life for inclusion in an edition of Milton’s state papers published in 1694. The antiquary John Aubrey assembled a collection of notes on Milton’s life (now in the Bodleian Library in Oxford), in part based on interviews with relatives, including Milton’s brother Christopher and his widow Elizabeth.
Cambridge: The Postgraduate Years
Authors: Campbell Gordon , Corns Thomas N 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Milton’s undergraduate studies concluded in a pivotal year in early Stuart history. After the death of the duke of Buckingham, Charles I took stock of the militant foreign policy he and his favourite had pursued. It had signally failed in its primary objectives. The Protestant cause in continental Europe had not been advanced. The Palatinate remained a problem and a taint on the honour of his dynasty. The French Protestant Huguenots had gained little from his abortive interventions. Furthermore, the need to finance the war had led the early Caroline administration into a series of dubious fiscal manoeuvres, the alleged illegality of which would not be forgiven.
Interpretation: hermeneutics
Authors: Clark Timothy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Hermeneutics is the theory of interpretation: of what it is to interpret a text and of how that interpretation may validate itself. In the eighteenth and parts of the nineteenth centuries, the context for such issues was predominantly religious: hermeneutics meant, primarily, discussion of the possible methods of achieving a correct interpretation of a text, especially of the Bible. Today, the crucial questions in hermeneutics remain: what do we mean when we say that someone ‘understands’ a text? For instance, does understanding mean reproducing exactly what the text says on its own terms, or does it mean interpreting it in terms of its author’s life or its social or historical context? Alternatively, might it mean measuring the text against contemporary knowledge and finding it either wanting or valuable? Secondly, how can genuine understanding, however conceived, overcome the obstacles of both distance in historical time and often distance in culture between the text and its reader? In the twentieth century, questions about the nature of interpretation also increasingly overflowed traditional boundaries between intellectual disciplines, and took centre-stage in the question of the difference between kinds of understanding at work in the natural sciences and in the humanities.
Literature into culture: Cultural Studies after Leavis
Authors: Jordan Glenn , Weedon Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Over the last thirty years, Cultural Studies has developed into a diverse and lively international intellectual field. As Stuart Hall, one of its founders, has put it: ‘Today, cultural studies programmes exist everywhere, especially in the United States . . . where they’ve come to provide a focal point for interdisciplinary studies and research, and for the development of critical theory.’ The institutional success of Cultural Studies is demonstrated by a number of major international journals, global and national associations, increasing numbers of international conferences, academic programmes, and publishers’ catalogues advertising new and essential publications in the field. As a field of study, Cultural Studies has had important effects on the study of literature. It has challenged the idea of canonical literature, and affected the way literary texts are theorized and read. It has introduced cross- and interdisciplinary perspectives. It has sought to theorize the role of literature in society in new ways, and to look at literary texts in relation to cultural institutions, cultural history, and other cultural texts, forms, and practices. It has further focused attention on the circuit of literary production.
Reconstructing historicism
Authors: Hamilton Paul 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
All critics are historicist up to a point. The pastness of the texts that we interpret demands accommodations of critical approach to negotiate historical differences. Equally, if a work of literature speaks to us now with a contemporary relevance, that inevitably plays some part in our evaluations. So far, this give and take is only what one would expect. Historicism becomes more interesting when it addresses questions of perennial philosophical importance, such as the relations between fact and fiction in history and aesthetics. Are historical and aesthetic discourses necessarily opposed in their tasks, or do they offer each other mutual support? Traditionally, the aptness of literary skills to the evocation or re-creation of the past has helped to distinguish historical explanations from scientific ones, for which fictional assistance is usually thought to be a disadvantage.
Sexualities
Authors: Purvis Tony 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the last two decades, the breadth of output in literary and cultural criticism which has investigated the specificities and constructions of human sexualities is vast, and it is a corpus which continues to grow. It is unusual for undergraduate programmes in the arts, humanities, and social sciences not to offer courses which explore some aspect or representation of sex, sexuality, or sexual desire. The critical attention to, and analysis of, cultural texts as well as to sexual practices has been matched by a prodigious theoretical output. Moreover, activist campaigns, lobbies of parliaments, and ‘queer’ coalitions have mobilized around issues such as sexual abuse and homophobic bullying, religious persecution and fundamentalism, HIV and AIDS, the age of consent, and equal opportunities at work. Sex and sexualities are theorized, televisualized, and talked about more than ever, or so it seems.
The responsibilities of the writer
Authors: Burke Sèan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Like writing, reading so often begins in romance and ends in pragmatism. On first looking into the Ion of Plato or Coleridge’s ‘Kubla Khan’, the idea of the poet as divinely inspired enthrals. Only later do we recognize that such celebrations are of a piece with the banishment of the poets. The line ‘Weave a circle around him thrice’ we either neglect or hazily register in magical, runic terms. Only on rereading do we discern the theme of exclusion, of quarantine, the structure by which society simultaneously celebrates and ostracizes its artists; only by setting Plato’s Republic beside his Ion can we recognize that the very irrationality that sets the poet apart also makes the poet accountable to—or excluded from—a polis constructed according to the principles of philosophical rationalism.