bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 regulates food intake and feeding behaviour
Authors: Perez‐Leighton Claudio , Kerr Bredford , Scherer Philipp E. , Baudrand René , Cortés Víctor 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTNutritional, endocrine, and neurological signals converge in multiple brain centres to control feeding behaviour and food intake as part of the allostatic regulation of energy balance. Among the several neuroendocrine systems involved, the leptin, glucocorticoid, and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP1) systems have been extensively researched. Leptin is at the top hierarchical level since its complete absence is sufficient to trigger severe hyperphagia. Glucocorticoids are key regulators of the energy balance adaptation to stress and their sustained excess leads to excessive adiposity and metabolic perturbations. GLP1 participates in metabolic adaptation to food intake, regulating insulin secretion and satiety by parallel central and peripheral signalling systems. Herein, we review the brain and peripheral targets of these three hormone systems that integrate to regulate food intake, feeding behaviour, and metabolic homeostasis. We examine the functional relationships between leptin, glucocorticoids, and GLP1 at the central and peripheral levels, including the cross‐regulation of their circulating levels and their cooperative or antagonistic actions at different brain centres. The pathophysiological roles of these neuroendocrine systems in dysregulated intake are explored in the two extremes of body adiposity – obesity and lipodystrophy – and eating behaviour disorders.
“We have a very colonial way of thinking…”: Ontario municipalities' climate collaborations with Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Gillis Jacqueline 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the development of collaborative governance regimes (CGRs) to solve the pressing issues of climate change between municipalities and Indigenous Peoples in present day Ontario, Canada. Drawing on a survey of Ontario municipalities and key informant interviews with municipal public servants, the article applies an anticolonial informed integrative framework of collaborative governance to examine the barriers and facilitators to those engagements. The analysis that follows draws on lessons learned to identify recommended practices for municipal staff moving forward, followed by the conclusion.
Real‐world lived experience of older adults with type 1 diabetes after an automated insulin delivery trial
Authors: Kubilay Erin , Trawley Steven , Ward Glenn M. , Fourlanos Spiros , Colman Peter G. , McAuley Sybil A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimsFirst‐generation closed‐loop automated insulin delivery improves glycaemia and psychosocial outcomes among older adults with type 1 diabetes in clinical trials. However, no study has previously assessed real‐world lived experience of older adults using closed‐loop therapy outside a trial environment.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with older adults who were pre‐existing insulin pump users and previously completed the OldeR Adult Closed‐Loop (ORACL) randomised trial. Interviews focused on perceptions of diabetes technology use, and factors influencing decisions regarding continuation.ResultsTwenty‐eight participants, mean age 70 years (SD 5), were interviewed at median 650 days (IQR 608–694) after their final ORACL trial visit. At interview, 23 participants (82%) were still using a commercial closed‐loop system (requiring manual input for prandial insulin bolus doses). Themes discussed in interviews relating to closed‐loop system use included sustained psychosocial benefits, cost and retirement considerations and usability frustrations relating to sensor accuracy and system alarms. Of the five participants who had discontinued, reasons included cost, continuous glucose monitoring‐associated difficulties and usability frustrations. Cost was the largest consideration regarding continued use; most participants considered the increased ease of diabetes management to be worth the associated costs, though cost was prohibitive for some.ConclusionsAlmost 2 years after completing a closed‐loop clinical trial, closed‐loop automated insulin delivery remains the preferred type 1 diabetes therapy for the majority of older adult participants. Chronological age is not a barrier to real‐world successful use of diabetes technology. Identifying age‐related barriers, and solutions, to diabetes technology use among older adults is warranted.
Controls on timescales of soil organic carbon persistence across sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: von Fromm Sophie F. , Doetterl Sebastian , Butler Benjamin M. , Aynekulu Ermias , Berhe Asmeret Asefaw , Haefele Stephan M. , McGrath Steve P. , Shepherd Keith D. , Six Johan , Tamene Lulseged , Tondoh Ebagnerin J. , Vågen Tor‐Gunnar , Winowiecki Leigh A. , Trumbore Susan E. , Hoyt Alison M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractGiven the importance of soil for the global carbon cycle, it is essential to understand not only how much carbon soil stores but also how long this carbon persists. Previous studies have shown that the amount and age of soil carbon are strongly affected by the interaction of climate, vegetation, and mineralogy. However, these findings are primarily based on studies from temperate regions and from fine‐scale studies, leaving large knowledge gaps for soils from understudied regions such as sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, there is a lack of data to validate modeled soil C dynamics at broad scales. Here, we present insights into organic carbon cycling, based on a new broad‐scale radiocarbon and mineral dataset for sub‐Saharan Africa. We found that in moderately weathered soils in seasonal climate zones with poorly crystalline and reactive clay minerals, organic carbon persists longer on average (topsoil: 201 ± 130 years; subsoil: 645 ± 385 years) than in highly weathered soils in humid regions (topsoil: 140 ± 46 years; subsoil: 454 ± 247 years) with less reactive minerals. Soils in arid climate zones (topsoil: 396 ± 339 years; subsoil: 963 ± 669 years) store organic carbon for periods more similar to those in seasonal climate zones, likely reflecting climatic constraints on weathering, carbon inputs and microbial decomposition. These insights into the timescales of organic carbon persistence in soils of sub‐Saharan Africa suggest that a process‐oriented grouping of soils based on pedo‐climatic conditions may be useful to improve predictions of soil responses to climate change at broader scales.
Utilisation de la transparence pour faire évoluer les relations entre capital et travail dans le secteur de l'habillement: analyse critique de l'Accord du Rana Plaza
Authors: COLLINS Jenny , YATES Julian S. 
Published: December 2023

RésuméLes caractéristiques structurelles innovantes des instruments de régulation privée du travail dans les réseaux de production mondiaux de l'habillement ont été peu étudiées. Les auteurs tentent de combler cette lacune en analysant celles de l'Accord sur la sécurité incendie et la sécurité des bâtiments au Bangladesh, à savoir: 1) son caractère juridiquement contraignant, 2) la représentation paritaire des travailleurs, 3) le nombre élevé d'entreprises signataires et 4) la transparence. Leurs conclusions contribuent à la compréhension de nouveaux modèles hybrides, qui associent la coopération multipartite et la dynamique capital‐travail traditionnelle afin de faire évoluer la régulation du travail au sein des réseaux de production mondiaux par des voies nouvelles et contradictoires.
Corporate social responsibility reporting and investment: Evidence from mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Wang Kun Tracy , Wu Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhile corporate social responsibility (CSR) has played an increasingly important role in corporate decision‐making, the role of CSR disclosure in a firm's investment activities remains poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of CSR disclosure on mergers and acquisitions (M&As), which are pivotal investment activities. We find that firms disclosing voluntary CSR reports experience significantly stronger market reactions to M&A announcements than those that do not disclose such reports. Specifically, acquisitions by voluntary CSR disclosers achieve 1.2% higher returns upon acquisition announcements, leading to a substantial increase in shareholder value. Our findings are consistent across a series of robustness tests. Additional analyses suggest that the positive market reactions are especially tied to voluntary disclosures concerning the protection of employees and customers, and that the quality and financial materiality of voluntary CSR disclosures amplify positive market responses. We also find that voluntary CSR disclosers exhibit better long‐term post‐acquisition market and operational performance. Collectively, our findings suggest that voluntary CSR disclosures bolster acquisition returns by mitigating stakeholder resistance. Additionally, by leveraging the unique conditional CSR disclosure regulation in China and using a staggered DID design, we observe a diminished market reaction for acquirers following mandatory CSR disclosures. Overall, this research provides new insights into the contrasting effects of voluntary and mandatory CSR disclosures, emphasizing the vital role of effective stakeholder CSR communication in the success of M&As.
A review of research on supply chain adaptability: Opening the black box
Authors: Phadnis Shardul 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSupply chain adaptabilityis the least explored of the three revered Triple‐A qualities (agility and alignment being the other two) and in the greatest need of a deeper understanding in the unpredictably evolving contemporary business environment. This study critically reviews the literature and makes three contributions. First, it outlines the different ways supply chain adaptability has been understood and describes the epistemological basis of this knowledge. Second, it synthesizes the findings into a theoretical model linking supply chain adaptability to its antecedents and outcomes. Third, despite its origins in a practitioner‐focused journal, supply chain adaptability has largely been explored like a black box, with few insights into its workings or actionable recommendations for its creation. To this end, the study outlines an agenda for future research to deepen our understanding along the extant lines of inquiry and to broaden our investigation to cover new empirical foci to open the black box of supply chain adaptability.
Ceratocystis fimbriata alters root system architecture and causes symptom development only in detached storage roots in Bayou Belle and Beauregard sweet potato
Authors: Villordon Arthur Q. , DeRobertis Catherine D. , Clark Christopher A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLittle is known about how the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) root system responds to Ceratocystis fimbriata in the growth substrate. Understanding whether the fungus affects the root system before harvest of storage roots (SR) could guide timing of management efforts. Cuttings of cultivars Bayou Belle and Beauregard, both previously considered susceptible to black rot, were in unamended or infested sand. At the onset of SR formation, effects on first‐ and second‐order lateral root (LR) length and number among and within treatments, cultivars and replicate experiments were recorded. First‐order LR length in inoculated Bayou Belle plants was 31% greater than in inoculated plants of cultivar Beauregard in Expt 1, but there were no differences in Expt 2. Second‐order LR length varied among, and within, cultivars, inoculum treatments and experiments in Expts 1 and 2. At 49 days after planting in Expt 1, only inoculated plants had necrotic lesions on stems in both cultivars, with more than twice as many recorded on Bayou Belle than Beauregard. SR had no lesions at harvest. Detached SR originating from inoculated treatments and stored in sampling bags for 25 days developed black rot lesions at either end of the SR (45% and 31% of total in Expt 1 and Expt 2, respectively) or elsewhere, including those centred on LR emergence sites or lenticels (55% and 69%, respectively). Exposing developing plants to inoculation may reveal differences in SR susceptibility not found when harvested SR are wounded and inoculated.
Induced error‐related theta activity, not error‐related negativity, predicts task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real‐life stress in a youth sample
Authors: Shner‐Livne Gil , Buzzell George A. , Fox Nathan A. , Shechner Tomer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe study examined differences between induced error‐related theta activity (4–7 Hz) and error‐related negativity (ERN) in youth and their unique associations with task performance as well as anxiety and worry during real‐life stress a year later. We hypothesized that induced theta, but not the ERN, would predict task performance. We also hypothesized that induced theta would predict less anxiety and worries during situational stress a year later, while ERN would predict more anxiety and worries.MethodParticipants included 76 children aged 8–13 years who completed a flanker task while electroencephalogram (EEG) and behavioral data (t0) were collected. Approximately 1 year later (t1), during the first COVID‐19 lockdown, 40 families from the original sample completed a battery of online questionnaires to assess the children's stress‐related symptoms (anxiety, negative emotions and worries). We employed an analytical method that allowed us to differentiate between induced error‐related theta and the evoked ERN.ResultsInduced error‐related theta, but not ERN, was associated with behavioral changes during the task, such as post‐error speeding. Furthermore, induced error‐related theta, but not ERN, was prospectively associated with less anxiety, worries, and fewer negative emotions a year later during COVID‐19 lockdown.ConclusionsFindings suggest ERN and error‐related theta are dissociable processes reflecting error monitoring in youth. Specifically, induced error‐related theta is more robustly associated with changes in behavior in the laboratory and with less anxiety and worries in real‐world settings.
Digital sustainability assurance governing global value chains: The case of aquaculture
Authors: Kruk Sake R. L. , Toonen Hilde M. , Bush Simon R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSustainability risks in aquaculture are increasingly addressed through forms of assurance that rely on the use of digital technologies. By bringing in new actors and informational processes, these forms of digital sustainability assurance challenge existing notions of how global value chains are governed. Based on in‐depth interviews with experts, we find that the growing use of digital technologies to mediate assurance is shaped by the digital codification of informational processes designed to support sustainability, which in turn increases the complexity of sustainability claims and changes the capabilities needed by value chain actors to comply. Furthermore, we find that digital sustainability assurance represents a new form of value chain coordination by a new set of extra‐transactional “digital lead actors.” As these lead actors become more prominent, their control over digital data flows constitutes a new form of value chain governance with the potential to have greater impact on steering toward sustainability.
Identifying important predictors of adolescent suicide ideation, planning, and attempt in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Donnelly Hayoung Kim , Richardson Danielle , Solberg V. Scott H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntroductionOver 90% of all adolescent suicides occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), yet the majority of suicide research has focused on primarily high‐income countries (HIC).MethodUsing nationally representative data on 82,494 adolescents from thirty‐four LMIC, this research employed machine learning to compare the predictive effects of multiple determinants of suicidal behaviors previously identified in the literature.ResultsResults indicate that distinct predictors are present for suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicide attempts in youth living in LMIC as well as shared predictors common to all three behaviors.ConclusionThese findings provide insights into the unique needs in global mental health policy and efforts within and across adolescents in LMIC.
Escalating
Plasmodium falciparum K13
marker prevalence indicative of artemisinin resistance in southern Rwanda
Authors: van Loon Welmoed , Schallenberg Emma , Igiraneza Clement , Habarugira Felix , Mbarushimana Djibril , Nshimiyimana Fabian , Ngarambe Christian , Ntihumbya Jean Baptiste , Ndoli Jules Minega , Mockenhaupt Frank P. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

In 2023, we updated data collected since 2010 on
Plasmodium falciparum K13
and
MDR1
drug resistance markers in Huye district, southern Rwanda. Artemisinin resistance-associated
PfK13
markers occurred in 17.5% of 212 malaria patients (561H, 9.0%; 675V, 5.7%; and 469F, 2.8%), nearly double the frequency from 2019.
PfMDR1
N86, linked with lumefantrine tolerance, was close to fixation at 98%. In southern Rwanda, markers signaling resistance to artemisinin and lumefantrine are increasing, albeit at a relatively slow rate.
Transcriptional regulation of the HIV-1 inhibitory factor human mannose receptor 1 by the myeloid-specific transcription factor PU.1
Authors: Mallorson Rosa , Miyagi Eri , Kao Sandra , Sukegawa Sayaka , Saito Hideki , Fabryova Helena , Morellatto Ruggieri Luciana , Mediouni Sonia , Valente Susana T. , Strebel Klaus 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
HIV-1 infection of human macrophages leads to the downmodulation of human mannose receptor 1 (hMRC1), a cell-surface glycoprotein that is involved in the host innate immune response. We previously reported that downmodulation of hMRC1 involves the transactivator of transcription (Tat)-dependent transcriptional silencing of the hMRC1 promoter. However, the inhibitory effect of Tat on hMRC1 transcription was indirect and involved inhibition of the transcriptional activator PU.1, which normally upregulates hMRC1 expression in macrophages and other myeloid cells. We cloned a 284-bp fragment of the hMRC1 promoter, and within it, we identified four PU.1 box elements. We assessed the relative contribution of each of the four PU.1 boxes to PU.1-dependent transcriptional regulation and, surprisingly, found that only one of the four PU.1 boxes [PU.1(b)] was critically required for PU.1-mediated upregulation of luciferase expression. Transfer of this PU.1 box to a heterologous promoter conferred PU.1 responsiveness to an otherwise PU.1 insensitive promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays identified this PU.1 box as a direct binding site for PU.1 both in the context of the hMRC1 promoter and the heterologous promoter. Furthermore, mutational analysis of the PU.1 protein identified the C-terminal DNA-binding domain in PU.1 as the region responsible for interaction with the PU.1 box. Recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein did not bind to the hMRC1 promoter element but efficiently interfered with the binding of PU.1 protein to the hMRC1 promoter. Thus, Tat is likely to inhibit the formation of active PU.1 transcription complexes, presumably by binding to and depleting common transcriptional cofactors.

IMPORTANCE

HIV-1 infection of cells results in the modulation of cellular gene expression by virus-encoded proteins in a manner that benefits the virus. We reported that HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) dysregulates the expression of the human mannose receptor 1 (hMRC1). hMRC1 is involved in the innate immune response of macrophages to foreign pathogens. Tat does not act directly on the hMRC1 promoter but instead inhibits PU.1, a cellular transcription factor regulating hMRC1 gene expression. Here, we characterize the PU.1-dependent regulation of hMRC1 expression. We identified four potential PU.1 binding sites in the hMRC1 promoter region but found that only one, PU.1(b), functioned as a true binding site for PU.1. Transfer of the PU.1(b) box to a heterologous promoter did not activate this promoter
per se
but rendered it responsive to PU.1. Our results support the view that PU.1 acts as a transcriptional co-factor whose activity can be regulated by HIV-1 Tat.
Liberation of host heme by
Clostridioides difficile-
mediated damage enhances
Enterococcus faecalis
fitness during infection
Authors: Smith Alexander B. , Specker Jonathan T. , Hewlett Katharine K. , Scoggins Troy R. , Knight Montana , Lustig Abigail M. , Li Yanhong , Evans Kirsten M. , Guo Yingchan , She Qianxuan , Christopher Michael W. , Garrett Timothy J. , Moustafa Ahmed M. , Van Tyne Daria , Prentice Boone M. , Zackular Joseph P. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Toxin production by
Clostridioides difficile
damages the colonic epithelium and leads to a robust inflammatory response. This disruption of the epithelial barrier markedly alters the nutritional landscape in the
C. difficile-
infected gut. The impact of toxin-mediated nutritional remodeling during
C. difficile
infection (CDI) on resident microbiota remains largely unexplored. One group of opportunistic pathogens, the enterococci, thrive during CDI, but it is unclear what strategies they employ to survive in this altered environment. Here, we demonstrate that
Enterococcus faecalis
, a heme auxotroph, takes advantage of
C. difficile
toxin-mediated damage to acquire host heme for enhanced fitness. Specifically, heme acquired from the
C. difficile-
infected gut is used by
E. faecalis
to populate a heme-dependent cytochrome and aerobically respire. This fitness advantage is specific to
C. difficile
toxin-mediated damage, as infection with a toxin-null strain of
C. difficile
does not provide
E. faecalis
with a fitness advantage. Finally, targeted disruption of the
E. faecalis
cytochrome (
cydABDC
) operon leads to a fitness defect in the
C. difficile-
infected gut. Together, this work demonstrates that
C. difficile
toxin remodels the gut ecosystem and improves the fitness of
E. faecalis
in a
cydABDC
-dependent manner. These data further highlight growing evidence of a cooperative partnership between
C. difficile
and enterococci that has implications on susceptibility to and severity of CDI.

IMPORTANCE

Clostridioides difficile
and
Enterococcus faecalis
are two pathogens of great public health importance. Both bacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract where they are known to interact in ways that worsen disease outcomes. We show that the damage associated with
C. difficile
infection (CDI) releases nutrients that benefit
E. faecalis
. One particular nutrient, heme, allows
E. faecalis
to use oxygen to generate energy and grow better in the gut. Understanding the mechanisms of these interspecies interactions could inform therapeutic strategies for CDI.