bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership, Membership, Organization
Authors: Stogdill R M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The present paper is concerned with a point of view regarding the relation of leadership to group organization. It represents one attempt within the Ohio State Leadership Studies staff to clarify and systematize certain aspects of the leadership problem. Such clarification appears to be necessary as a preliminary step towards the development of an integrated programme of research on leadership problems in formal organizations. The pioneering work of Lewin (1940), Moreno (1934), and their followers has resulted in marked progress in the development of methods for studying leadership as a phenomenon of groups. However, comparable progress remains to be made in the development of methods for the study of leadership as an aspect of organization. Several factors appear to have operated as barriers to the development of scientific theory and method in this area. One is the lack of an adequate definition of leadership. A second is the fact that, in much of the literature on leadership, the terms ‘group ‘ and ‘organization ‘ are used interchangeably or are defined in exactly the same terms. A third derives from two opposed theoretical approaches represented, on the one hand, by those theories of organization in which the leader is conceived as a symbol of authority or as an embodiment of superior personal traits, and, on the other hand, by a type of group-oriented theory in which leadership appears to be regarded as a manifestation of social pathology.
Situational Control and a Dynamic Theory of Leadership
Authors: Fiedler Fred E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although empirical studies of leadership behaviour and performance became a serious concern of social scientists some fifty years ago, we are just now beginning to understand the structure of the leader-situation interaction and the dynamics of the leadership process. By dynamics, we mean here how the leader and organization interact, and how group performance is affected by a change in the leader ‘s personality or experience, or by the changes in the organization which occur almost continuously in the course of time. An insight into these interactions is essential if we are more fully to understand and improve organizational performance. This study presents an integration of some key concepts which may enable us to develop a dynamic theory of leadership that takes into account the ever changing leader-organization interaction.
Organizing, Leadership, and Skilful Process
Authors: Hosking Dian Marie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The terms ‘leader ‘ and ‘leadership ‘ are much used, but poorly understood; there is little agreement on their proper meaning, whilst at the same time, many-if not most-expect leadership to be of significance in relation to group and organizational performance. In the pages that follow, definitions of these terms will be developed in ways which permit a truly social-psychological perspective. A model is outlined in which the concepts of leadership and organization are integrated using the concept of skill. The model is intended to be sensitizing, to facilitate the appreciation and analysis of leadership and organization whenever, wherever, and however they appear.
Science–Industry Links and the Labour Markets for Ph.D.s
Authors: Lanciano-Morandat Caroline , Nohara Hiroatsu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to How between academia and industry, knowledge and competences must tÅ on a tangible form: scientific articles, data, patents, technical objects, computer programs, trainees, engineers, post-docs, etc. Although it is the task of the scientific community to formalize or codify knowledge (David and Foray 1995), some knowledge remains tacit: a part of the new knowledge generated remains embodied in human actors in the form of competences. Since knowledge is fundamentally ‘sticky’ (von Hippel 1988) and tacit knowledge is context-dependent, it cannot easily be separated from the contexts or individuals that generated it.
Linguistic Side Effects
Authors: Shan Chung-Chieh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper relates cases of apparent non-compositionality in natural languages to those in programming languages. It is shaped like an hourglass: I begin in §4.1 with an approach to the syntax–semantics interface that helps us build compositional semantic theories. That approach is to draw an analogy between computational side effects in programming languages and what I term by analogy linguistic side effects in natural languages.
The Non-Concealed Nature of Free Relatives: Implications for Connectivity in Specificational Sentences
Authors: Caponigro Ivano , Heller Daphna 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Connectivity is the name for the effect that elements within the pre-and the post-copular phrases in specificational sentences behave as if they were in a c-command configuration, although they are not. This effect is found with a range of syntactic and semantic phenomena, which are therefore referred to as connectivity effects. Examples of connectivity effects are the distribution of anaphors and negative polarity items, the availability of opaque readings and binding relations, and Case and agreement markings. The existence of these effects poses a real challenge to direct compositionality, because a direct compositional analysis of connectivity requires abandoning well-established analyses of these phenomena that are all based on c-command and instead developing new analyses that do not rely on such a notion.
Connectivity in a Unified Analysis of Specificational Subjects and Concealed Questions
Authors: Romero Maribel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Connectivity, found in a number of constructions involving typically a trace of movement or gap, is the effect by which a constituent behaves grammatically as if it occupied not its surface position but the position of the gap. The phenomenon is central to the debate between defendants of Direct Compositionality—where the semantics is read off the “visible”, surface syntax—and the defendants of the so-called Logical Form (LF)— according to which semantics is computed on an abstract syntactic representation, LF, obtained after applying some transformations to the surface syntax.
Role of cognitive simulations in healthcare
Authors: Satish Usha , Krishnamurthy Satish 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“High-quality learning is impossible in the absence of high-quality patient care; likewise, high-quality patient care is impossible without high-quality learning. Attention to both is needed.” Leach and Philibret, 2006. A number of constituencies are becoming increasingly interested in measuring the performance of physicians in their day-to-day clinical practices, especially since the Institute of Medicine’s report suggested that the quality of care may often be less than optimal(1). Purchasers of healthcare services, for instance, are concerned about the effects of suboptimal care on workforce productivity, and seek to maximize the quality of care provided. Consumers of care also want to be able to identify high-quality physicians and institutions but lack the effective means to do so. Although some groups have measured and reported quality of care for individual medical groups and physicians, these efforts have been limited(2). Both patients and healthcare purchasers desire more effective means of identifying excellent clinicians, and a number of organizations have begun discussing and implementing plans for assessing the performance of individual clinicians and the settings in which they choose to practice.
Grammars in Contact A Cross-Linguistic Perspective
Authors: Aikhenvald Alexandra Y 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Languages can resemble each other in categories, constructions, and meanings, and in the actual forms used to express them.1 Categories can be similar because they are universal—for instance, every language has some way of asking a question or framing a command. Occasionally, two languages share a form by pure coincidence. In both Dyirbal, an Australian language from North Queensland, and Jarawara, an Arawa´ language from Southern Amazonia, bari means ‘axe’. Both Goemai (Angas-Goemai subgroup of Chadic, Afroasiatic: Birgit Hellwig, p.c.) and Manambu (Ndu family, New Guinea) happen to use a:s for ‘dog’. Similarities due to universal properties of a language are of interest for universal grammar, while chance coincidences are no more than curious facts. What these two kinds of similarities have in common is that they tell us nothing about the history of languages or their speakers. In this volume we focus on two other types of similarities: those due to genetic inheritance and those due to areal contact.
William Shakespeare
Authors: Holland Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Classical mechanics, one of the oldest branches of science, has undergone a long evolution, developing hand in hand with many areas of mathematics, including calculus, differential geometry, and the theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. The modern formulations of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, in the coordinate-free language of differential geometry, are elegant and general. They provide a unifying framework for many seemingly disparate physical systems, such as n-particle systems, rigid bodies, fluids and other continua, and electromagnetic and quantum systems. Geometric Mechanics and Symmetry is a friendly and fast-paced introduction to the geometric approach to classical mechanics, suitable for a one-or two-semester course for beginning graduate students or advanced undergraduates. It fills a gap between traditional classical mechanics texts and advanced modern mathematical treatments of the subject. After a summary of the necessary elements of calculus on smooth manifolds and basic Lie group theory, the main body of the text considers how symmetry reduction of Hamilton’s principle allows one to derive and analyze the Euler-Poincaré equations for dynamics on Lie groups. Additional topics deal with rigid and pseudo-rigid bodies, the heavy top, shallow water waves, geophysical fluid dynamics and computational anatomy. The text ends with a discussion of the semidirect-product Euler-Poincaré reduction theorem for ideal fluid dynamics. A variety of examples and figures illustrate the material, while the many exercises, both solved and unsolved, make the book a valuable class text.
Introduction
Authors: Nikolaeva Irina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The notion of finiteness originates in the grammatical tradition of late antiquity. The term ‘finite’ adopted in European linguistics goes back to the Latin finitus, the perfective participle of the verb finio ‘ finish, limit, set bounds to, determine’. One of the meanings of finitus is ‘de finite’ or ‘deter- mined’ in the sense ‘referring to a particular person’ (Sauter et al. 1968: 705). The term was first applied to personal pronouns (pronomina finita ) and then to verbs expressing person and number. The system of verbal forms was accordingly divided into two classes: verba finita, i.e. forms de fined or determined by person and number, and verba in finita, i.e. personally undetermined forms.
Finiteness in non-transformational syntactic frameworks
Authors: Sells Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I will discuss some aspects of the treatment of finiteness in its various facets given in (1) in the non-transformational theories of Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) and Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG).1 Due to the way that syntactic information is represented in these approaches, it can be stated at the outset that finiteness is considered to really be a property of a clause. From this starting point, my purpose here is to show what other aspects of clausal structure or interpretation may express or interact with finiteness.
Constructional Economy and nonfinite independent clauses
Authors: Nikolaeva Irina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As nonfiniteness is commonly thought to correlate with the dependent status of the clause, most research on finiteness has concentrated on subordination. Some studies explicitly claim that a main/independent clause must be finite (Hornstein 1990: 146) and/or that the major function of nonfiniteness is signalling syntactic and semantic embedding (Givón 1990; Anderson 1997; 2001: 9; Cristofaro, Chapter 4 above). Yet it is also known that certain independent clauses exhibit reduction in tense/agreement morphology and the absence of a prototypical subject, both of which are crucially implicated in ensuring nonfiniteness.
Integrating Experiential Learning Through ‘Live’ Projects A Psychodynamic Account
Authors: Hyde Paula 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent critiques of management education programmes have suggested that they are failing to develop appropriate technical and personal skills in their graduates, thus failing to prepare them for organizational life (Mintzberg 2004; Gabriel 2005; Whitley 1984). It has been suggested that radical changes are needed to programme content and modes of delivery to address these criticisms and to better prepare management graduates of the future. Whilst this view is not held universally, several writers have suggested means by which students may be better prepared.
Duties to Fulfill the Human Rights of the Poor
Authors: Gewirth Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many human beings still live in conditions of severe poverty, with insufficient and uncertain access to food, water, clothing, shelter, basic health care, and elementary education. What may they expect from those better off ? Few would deny that the more affuent should do something to help the poor. But most well-to-do persons understand this ‘should’ in a weak sense. They see such aid as beyond the call of duty, as supererogatory or, at best, as provided pursuant to an ‘imperfect duty’ of charity, humanity, or solidarity, which leaves it to donors’ discretion as to how much they give and to whom.
Enforcing Economic and Social Human Rights
Authors: Guariglia Osvaldo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The various international covenants and declarations on human rights include two kinds of rights, which are usually described as ‘civil and political rights’, on one hand, and ‘economic and social rights’, on the other. Typical of the former is the statement in Article 3 of the UDHR, which asserts ‘Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person’. An example of the latter is Article 25, according to which, ‘Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and of his family, including, food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, etc.’ (see also Article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).
Contours of the World Economy, 1–2030 AD
Authors: Maddison Angus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book seeks to identify the forces which explain how and why some parts of the world have grown rich and others have lagged behind. Encompassing 2000 years of history, part 1 begins with the Roman Empire and explores the key factors that have influenced economic development in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe. Part 2 covers the development of macroeconomic tools of analysis from the 17th century to the present. Part 3 looks to the future and considers what the shape of the world economy might be in 2030. Combining both the close quantitative analysis for which Professor Maddison is famous with a more qualitative approach that takes into account the complexity of the forces at work, this book provides students and all interested readers with a totally fascinating overview of world economic history. Professor Maddison has the unique ability to synthesise vast amounts of information into a clear narrative flow that entertains as well as informs, making this text an invaluable resource for all students and scholars, and anyone interested in trying to understand why some parts of the World are so much richer than others.
Political arithmeticians and historical demographers: the pioneers of macro-measurement
Authors: Maddison Angus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Macro-economic analysis began with William Petty’s aggregate accounts of property and labour income, population, labour input, and capital stock for England and Wales in Verbum Sapienti (1665). Petty (1623–87) had an incredible range of activities—intellectual entrepreneur, physician, social engineer, inventor, confidante of kings, pioneer of macro-economic measurement—an exemplar of a new kind of cosmopolitan western intellectual, one of the finest examples of the English enlightenment.
The world economy in 2030
Authors: Maddison Angus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Futurology is a more speculative business than history. Hard evidence is lacking and we have to project trends from the past which seem plausible but may well be reversed by unforeseeable events. However, there has been such a striking divergence in the pace and pattern of growth in different regions of the world in the past 30 years, that it is worth considering the changes which seem likely in the next quarter century. I have therefore constructed a scenario showing the likely structure of the world economy in 2030.
Facilitating Innovation through the Measurement and Management of Intangibles
Authors: Hendry Chris , Selim Georges , Citron David , Holtham Clive , Brown James , Holden Jo , Courtney Nigel , Oehlcke Fatma 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is widely accepted today that growth in the economy is driven primarily by the ability of companies to exploit their intangible assets, meaning their non-physical and non-financial resources. Teece (1998) attributes this shift to increased liberalization and the efficiency of product markets, which have eliminated many traditional advantages that contribute to and focus on cost leadership. Because physical assets, such as advanced technology, can be readily traded and modern communications and transportation have reduced the advantages of such assets as location, firms are forced to create advantage from their ‘difficult to imitate intangible assets’ (Barney 1991)—that is, from their people, how they are organized, and how they work together.
The Law of Consumer Credit and Hire
Authors: Philpott Fred , Hibbert William , Neville Stephen , Popplewell Simon , Say Bradley , Sayer Peter , Smith Julia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the Consumer Credit Act 2006, this detailed work offers practical guidance on the legislation. The scope and impact of the regulation is undergoing fundamental change; for example, financial limits on regulation are being partially removed, the OFT are given the power to fine licensees, an Ombudsman scheme is being introduced and agreements can be reopened where the relationship arising is held to be unfair. This book addresses topics of practical concern and examines the areas most relevant to practitioners drafting, securitising or seeking to defend claims under credit or hire agreements. In particular, the book focuses on the outstanding problems and issues arising from the application of the Consumer Credit Act. In-depth commentary is provided by an expert author team who have appeared in many recent cases where enforceability of rights under credit and hire agreements has been in issue.
French Dislocation
Authors: De Cat CéCile 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The pervasive use of dislocations (as in Le chocolat, c’est bon) is a key characteristic of spoken French. This book offers various new and well-motivated insights, based on tests conducted by the author, on the syntactic analysis, prosody, and the interpretation of dislocation in spoken French. It also considers important aspects of the acquisition of dislocation by monolingual children learning different French dialects. The author argues that spoken French is a discourse-configurational language, in which topics are obligatorily dislocated. She develops a syntactically parsimonious account, which maximizes the import of interfaces involved with discourse and prosody. She proposes clear diagnostics, following a reexamination of the status of subject clitics and a reevaluation of the characteristic prosody of dislocated constituents. The theoretical arguments throughout the book rest on data that comes from corpora of spontaneous production and from various elitication experiments. This book throws new light on French syntax and prosody and makes an important and original contribution to the study of linguistic interfaces. Clearly expressed and tightly argued it will interest scholars and advanced students of French and of its acquisition as a first language as well as linguistic theorists interested in the interfaces between syntax, discourse, and phonology.
Language Anxiety
Authors: Machan Tim William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book looks at the ever-present anxieties associated with language change. Focusing on English from Alfred the Great to the present, Tim Machan offers a fresh perspective on the history of language. He reveals amusing and sometimes disconcerting aspects of our linguistic and social behavior and suggests that anxiety about language has sometimes allowed us to avoid the issues we really find disturbing: when speakers of English worry over grammar, sounds, or words the real source of their anxiety is often not language at all but issues like immigration or social instability. Drawing on an array of evidence from archives, literature, history, polemics, and the press, as well as centuries of legislation, Tim Machan uncovers the perennial nature of concerns about the poverty and purity of English. There has never been a time, he shows, when we weren’t worried about the corruption of language and its apparent connections with educational standards, the morality of youth, the integrity of society, and the identity of our nations. This is a fascinating story, told here in consummate fashion, combining insight and anecdote, and learning with wit - a book for everyone interested in languages and the people who speak them.
Diabetes
Authors: Matthews David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There are over 2 million people diagnosed with diabetes in the UK and worldwide 194 million. An epidemic of diabetes is reported and by 2025 it is predicted that there will be 330 million people with diabetes in the world. Diabetes is likely to present one of this century's greatest medical challenges. However, the impact of diabetes on the individual and their carers is equally important. This book provides an easy to understand guide to diabetes and is aimed at all those living with diabetes. This book gives an overall introduction to diabetes including a short history of diabetes, causes, symptoms, possible complications, management (both of diabetes and the associated risk factors), psychological factors and what care to expect. It emphasises self management and gives invaluable advice on how to achieve this.
The heart
Authors: Selikowitz Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
About one-third of children with Down syndrome will be born with a heart abnormality. If no defect is found on the echocardiogram of your child’ s heart, you can be confident that your child is one of the two-thirds of children who have no heart problem. Early complete repair of many heart defects in children with Down syndrome is now possible. About one-third of children with Down syndrome will be born with a heart abnormality. It is important to realize that the heart defects of Down syndrome are already present at birth. If no defect is found on the echocardio- gram of your child’ s heart, you can be confident that your child is one of the two-thirds of children who have no heart problem. If so, this chapter will not concern you.