bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic implications of the Late‐Quaternary sediment record of Vico volcanic lake (central Italy)
Authors: Narcisi Biancamaria 
Published: September 2002

AbstractA 15‐m‐long sediment core recovered from the Lago di Vico caldera lake in central Italy has been the subject of macrofacies description and sedimentological (organic carbon content, grain size and mineralogy) investigation. The results have been integrated with the pollen data from the same core in order to provide a regional climatic and environmental history, with inferences on past lake levels and on moisture and temperature regimes. Radiometric (14C and 40Ar/39Ar) dating, biostratigraphical considerations and tephra analyses provide a chronological framework and indicate that the sequence spans the last 90 000 yr. Several moist periods have been identified that were characterised by enhanced weathering by hydrolysis of the catchment rocks. These alternated with relatively dry phases associated with lowering of lake‐levels. The lowest hydrolysis efficiency of the whole record, accompanied by notable aeolian deposition, was attained during the last glacial phase but moisture conditions were such that the lake‐level did not decrease, probably owing to reduced temperatures. Evidence for cool climate also emerges for the early Pleniglacial. The highest available moisture was achieved within the Holocene at 5 kyr BP. The Late Holocene does not show either increase of aridity or degradation of the vegetation cover, until at least Roman times. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coleopteran fauna from the middle Würm (Weichselian) of Switzerland and its bearing on palaeobiogeography, palaeoeclimate and palaeoecology
Authors: Jost‐Stauffer Monika , Coope G. Russell , Schlüchter Christian 
Published: September 2002

AbstractRecent exposures of the upper lignite layer from the Gossau section on the Swiss plateau (near Zürich) have shown that it contains a rich fauna of fossil coleopteran remains (beetles). These deposits have been radiocarbon dated to 28 500 yr BP. Up to now the environment of the middle Würm period has not been well documented in Switzerland so this exposure provides a rare opportunity to investigate the palaeobiogeography, local environment and palaeoclimate of this episode. A coleopteran assemblage was obtained from the upper lignite in which 30 taxa were identified of which 26 could be determined to the species level. All the species are still living today though ten of them are no longer found in Switzerland. Their modern geographical ranges are boreal or boreo‐montane and, on the whole, the fauna is typical of lower alpine or northern tundras of the present day.The MCR (Mutual Climatic Range) method was used here to estimate the mean temperatures of the warmest month (9°C) and of the coldest months (−21°C). Comparing these estimated palaeotemperatures with modern values from the nearest meteorological station (Zürich Airport), middle Würm mean July palaeotemperatures were about 10°C lower and mean January/February palaeotemperatures were about 20°C lower than today. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real‐time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra
Authors: Bakker Schut Tom C. , Wolthuis Rolf , Caspers Peter J. , Puppels Gerwin J. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe application of in vivo Raman spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis demands dedicated software that can perform the necessary signal processing and subsequent (multivariate) data analysis, enabling clinically relevant parameters to be extracted and made available in real time. Here we describe the design and implementation of a software package that allows for real‐time signal processing and data analysis of Raman spectra. The design is based on automatic data exchange between Grams, a spectroscopic data acquisition and analysis program, and Matlab, a program designed for array‐based calculations. The data analysis software has a modular design providing great flexibility in developing custom data analysis routines for different applications. The implementation is illustrated by a computationally demanding application for the classification of skin spectra using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding mode of Congo Red to Alzheimer's amyloid β‐peptide studied by UV Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Miura Takashi , Yamamiya Chiaki , Sasaki Miho , Suzuki Kiyoko , Takeuchi Hideo 
Published: September 2002

AbstractCongo Red (CR) has long been used for staining amyloid fibrils and recently been found to inhibit amyloid formation. We examined the binding mode of CR to Alzheimer's amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) by UV Raman spectroscopy. The 244 nm‐excited Raman spectrum of CR exhibits five bands in the 1620–1550 cm−1region, where C C stretching vibrations of the naphthalene and biphenyl moieties are expected. Among the C C stretching bands, one at 1615 cm−1becomes weaker and another at 1598 cm−1gains intensity upon binding to Aβ, resulting in a reversal of the relative intensity of the two bands. Concomitant with the intensity reversal, a band at 1158 cm−1assignable to the N–C stretch becomes stronger. These UV Raman spectral changes are in line with those observed when the fraction of the planar CR molecule is increased by crystallization. Furthermore, opposite spectral changes were observed when the central biphenyl group was methylated to force the two benzene rings in an orthogonal orientation. These observations suggest an increase in planarity of the biphenyl group in the CR–Aβ complex. A red shift of the visible absorption is consistent with an expansion of π‐conjugation in the planar CR molecule. The torsional mobility of the biphenyl group permitting a planar conformation may be essential for the binding of CR to Aβ amyloid fibrils. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The power distribution advantage of fiber‐optic coupled ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy for bioanalytical and biomedical applications
Authors: Barbosa Christopher J. , Vaillancourt Frédéric H. , Eltis Lindsay D. , Blades Michael W. , Turner Robin F. B. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFiber‐optic coupled ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy (FO‐UVRRS) of photosensitive biological samples is discussed in the context of both clinical and basic medical research applications. The fiber‐optic probes are designed specifically for resonance Raman spectroscopy and offer a power distribution advantage over conventional focusing UVRR spectrometers that allows the use of higher power levels without increasing the risk of photo‐damage. A typical fiber‐optic probe using a 600 μm core diameter fiber for illumination of the sample allows an increase in power at the sample of over an order of magnitude while maintaining the same power density, and therefore the same level of safety, as a typical conventional UVRR spectrometer. This allows high‐quality spectra to be easily obtained in 10 s. Spectra of representative biological samples using high power levels without damage are presented, including the study of a photosensitive enzyme–substrate system under anaerobic conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Myofibrillar protein degradation of carp (Labeo rohita (Hamilton)) muscle after post‐mortem unfrozen and frozen storage
Authors: Jasra Shashi Kiran , Jasra Pardeep K , Talesara C L 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe degradation of myofibrillar proteins of rohu carp (Labeo rohita (Hamilton)) muscle was analysed after post‐mortem storage. Muscle fillets were kept either unfrozen at 2 °C for up to 15 days or frozen at −8 °C or −20 °C for up to 6 months. A co‐ordinated histochemical, biochemical and electrophoretic study showed a differential response of the carp muscle, revealing clear degenerative/degradative changes specific to the post‐mortem storage temperatures. The myofibrillar protein fractions, namely myosin light chains and α‐actinin, showed degradative changes during the above storage conditions, whereas other protein fractions in the high‐molecular‐weight range fragmented to give lower‐molecular‐weight proteins. The importance of the post‐mortem storage temperature for controlling the degradation of the myofibrillar proteins was emphasised. This is the first report on this popular fish species, known for its culinary importance, showing that specific protein fractions of the myofibrils degrade during post‐mortem storage.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of environment and interactions of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum with Aspergillus parasiticus on fumonisin B1 and aflatoxins on maize grain
Authors: Marín Sonia , Albareda Xavier , Ramos Antonio J , Sanchis Vicente 
Published: September 2002

AbstractFusarium verticillioides and F proliferatum isolates were inoculated in mixed cultures with Aspergillus parasiticus on irradiated maize grain at two different inoculum concentrations (2 × 105 and 2 × 102 conidia g−1 dry maize). The treatments were 0.93–0.98 water activity (aw) and 15 and 25 °C for 28 days. A complex relationship was found between aw, temperature, inoculum concentration and the interactions which took place between fumonisin and aflatoxin producers. In general, A parasiticus reduced F verticillioides and F proliferatum populations (by 6–36%) but did not affect fumonisin B1 production by these species. In contrast, while the Fusarium species were not able to decrease A parasiticus populations, they significantly reduced aflatoxin B1 accumulation (by 30–93%).© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Nutrient composition and the use of solubility to estimate rumen degradability of food proteins in cattle
Authors: Chaudhry Abdul Shakoor , Webster Anthony John F 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe use of protein solubility to estimate protein degradability in cattle was tested using 12 by‐products representing agricultural and distillers' food raw materials (RM). Agricultural RM included cereals (rice bran, maize gluten feed), legumes (field beans, soybean hulls) and oil‐seeds (rape meal, sunflower meal). Distillers' RM involved dark grains (DG1, DG2, DG3) and malts (MT1, MT2, MT3). Soluble proteins, as proportions of total soluble N (TSN), were extracted from RM and their undegraded residues (RU) after 18 h of in sacco rumen incubation in cattle (dg18) by using water (albumin), salt (globulin), acid (glutalin 1) and alkali (glutalin 2) in succession. RM and RU differed significantly for all soluble proteins (P < 0.001). While albumin was the major protein in legume RM (0.74TSN), glutalin 1 was the major protein in legume RU (0.54TSN). Cereals were the most variable group, where maize gluten contained five times more albumin and two times more TSN in RM and three times more glutalin 1 + 2 in RU than those in rice bran. Distillers' RM contained slightly less albumin (0.53 vs 0.56TSN) but over twice as much glutalin 1 (0.29 vs 0.12TSN) as agricultural RM. Albumins were the most (0.55TSN, RM; 0.16TSN, RU) and glutalin 1 the least (0.21TSN, RM; 0.48TSN, RU) degradable proteins. There were moderate to strong correlations between protein solubility, dg18 and acid detergent‐insoluble N (ADIN). ADIN correlated satisfactorily with glutalin 1 + 2 (r  = −0.55, RM and −0.70, RU), TSN (r  = −0.75, RM and RU) and slowly degradable N, (SDN; r  = −0.70, all). TSN in all RM related well with SDN (r  = 0.65) and dUN (r  = 0.72). TSN in distillers' RM correlated closely with SDN (r  = 0.91) and dUN (r  = 0.96). Glutalin 1 in distillers' foods correlated extremely well (r  = 0.94, RM and 0.93, RU) with dUN. Globulins correlated most consistently with SDN (r  = 0.82, all; r  = 0.77, agricultural; r  = 0.92, distillers' RM). It is possible to predict protein degradability from the presence or absence of soluble proteins in various foods. While ADIN may be more suitable to predict DUN, globulins showed more potential to predict SDN in various foods. However, it may be necessary to be selective in choosing solvents for various foods. Further studies must validate this method by using a greater range of foods before suggesting its routine use for food evaluation.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Medium effects on the initial and the transition states upon the solvolysis of trans‐dichlorobis(N‐methyl‐ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complex in water‐mixed solvents
Authors: El‐Subruiti Gehan Moustafa 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of solvolysis of trans‐dichlorobis(N‐methylethylenediamine)cobalt(III) complex have been investigated in aqua‐organic solvent media (0–60% (v/v) cosolvent) at 25 ≤ t°C ≤ 60, using n‐propanol and tert‐butyl alcohol as cosolvents. The first‐order rate constant increased nonlinearly with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant Ds−1, and xorg, reflecting the individuality of the cosolvents and thereby suggesting that the relative stabilities of the transition state and initial state were governed by the preferential solvation effect. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH≠ and ΔS≠) were sensitive to the structural changes in the bulk solvent phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 495–499, 2002
Complexation of 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene with various kinds of cyclodextrins: Effects of cyclodextrins on the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Hishikawa Hiroaki 
Published: September 2002

AbstractOn the basis of the change in electronic and induced circular dichroism spectra for complex formation, the complexation of 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAAB) with four kinds of cyclodextrins (α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin (CD), heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin) was studied in methanol–water and dimethyl sulfoxide–water mixtures. It was found that the trans and cis isomers of DAAB form two different types of complex (inclusion and lid type) with CDs, depending on the kinds of CDs and solvents. Further, we have examined the effect of CDs on the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization of DAAB. The accelerated or decelerated effect on the thermal isomerization was observed upon adding CDs. The effects of CDs on the thermal isomerization are discussed in connection with the complexation of the cis‐isomer of DAAB with CDs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 481–487, 2002
Kinetic study of the reactions of oxoiron(IV) with aromatic substrates in aqueous solutions
Authors: Mártire Daniel O. , Caregnato Paula , Furlong Jorge , Allegretti Patricia , Gonzalez Mónica C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe kinetics of the reactions of oxoiron(IV) (FeO2+) with phenol, nitrobenzene, m‐, o‐, and p‐nitrophenol in 1 M HClO4 was investigated by the stopped‐flow technique. The rate constants of these reactions decrease with increasing the one‐electron reduction potentials of the corresponding radical cations of the substrates and with the Hammett parameter of the NO2 group in the phenol ring. A reaction mechanism is proposed, which accounts for the observed trends and for the nature of the reaction products. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 488–494, 2002
The influence of cardinal‐, central‐, and surface‐level personality traits on consumers' bargaining and complaint intentions
Authors: Harris Eric G. , Mowen John C. 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThis study investigates the possibility that a limited set of basic personality traits may underlie dispositions to bargain and to complain. A hierarchical model of personality was employed to investigate the relationship between cardinal‐, central‐, and surface‐level traits and their influence on behavioral intentions. A sample of adult respondents was randomly split into two groups and multiple‐group structural‐equation modeling techniques were employed. The analysis revealed that the hierarchical model fit the data from both samples well and that substantial variance in the endogenous constructs was explained. Managerial implications of understanding the traits associated with bargaining and complaining are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reflections on ethics and MCA in environmental decisions
Authors: Rauschmayer Felix 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of decision analysis is normative. Consequently, at least in public spheres, one has to reflect on its normative foundation. Multi‐criteria analysis (MCA) uses aggregated evaluations on several criteria to recommend a decision. The claim for the adequacy of the recommended solution is usually based on the assumption that the interests of the decision‐maker(s) are adequately assessed by the MC model (see, for example, Munda G. 1996. Cost–benefit analysis in integrated environmental assessment: some methodological issues. Ecological Economics 19: 157–168). I argue that as a prerequisite to a normative foundation, the criteria have to reflect not only the interests but possibly all values stemming from normative arguments of the decision‐maker(s). These arguments might differ substantially from each other. This is especially true for environmental decisions. The integration of values will result in changes of the MCA understanding, criteria building, and aggregation method, and will not be possible without analytical capacities of the decision analyst in ethics. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of multi‐criteria analysis in environmental impact assessment in The Netherlands
Authors: Janssen Ron 
Published: September 2002

AbstractMulti‐criteria analysis (MCA) is a popular tool in Dutch environmental impact assessment (EIA). This paper provides an overview of the type and complexity of decision problems supported, and the MCA approach selected to analyse these problems. Furthermore, the role of MCA in the decision process is analysed, and a special case where the MCA results were challenged in court is presented. The paper concludes with some lessons learned from the use of MCA in the Netherlands. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Multivariate Analysis Biplot as tool for conflict analysis in MCDA
Authors: Losa Fabio B. , van den Honert Rob , Joubert Alison 
Published: September 2002

AbstractIn this paper, the use of multivariate statistical analysis techniques to aid in conflict analysis in a multi‐actor group is demonstrated. In particular, the covariance biplot technique is focused on and the resulting graphical output, called the conflict diagram, is interpreted in terms of relationships between actors, profiles of alternatives under consideration, and the interactions between actors and alternatives in terms of the conflict and its possible resolutions (consensus, coalition, etc.). The conflict analysis is divided into two distinct phases. The descriptive phase is used to represent the conflict. The prescriptive phase is used in two ways: (i) to visualize the effects of changes in parameters (‘conflict resolution aid’), hopefully bringing the actors closer together, and (ii) as a tool to enhance the creative search for new alternatives (‘alternative generation’). The conflict analysis process is illustrated by examining ex post a practical case study in water resource management. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic teaching in microsurgery
Authors: Mikó Irén , Bráth Endre , Furka István 
Published: September 2002

AbstractWe summarize our 15 years of educational experience in the field of teaching microsurgery. The students can be divided into three groups: (1) medical students, (2) researchers, (3) medical doctors and specialists. Characteristics of our method include the following: activity, synchronism, video‐assistance, self‐controlling, individualization, analysis. The Furka microsurgical educational method, named after one of the authors, is 20 hours long (five 4‐hour sessions). The first lesson allows students to become acquainted with the microsurgical instruments. The next lesson consists of learning the probe of layer‐feeling. The third lesson is to learn how to produce stitches under the microscope. The fourth lesson includes arterial anastomosis preparation on fresh arterial pieces of animal origin. The fifth lesson means a quality change from previous classes, as practice is performed on living animals, generally rats. The teaching of microsurgical basics requires both patience and empathy. The teaching process is most successful if one teacher deals with a maximum of two students.
Mandible reconstruction and autogenous frozen bone graft: Experimental study on rats
Authors: Garusi Cristina , Calabrese Luca , Giugliano Gioacchino , Mazzarol Giovanni , Podrecca Stefano , Chiesa Fausto , Fassati Raniero 
Published: September 2002

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biological behaviour of a frozen bone graft in orthotopic and heterotopic sites in the rat. The previous experimental study on this subject was published 25 years ago without sufficient detail about the histology and comparison between the orthotopic and ectopic sites. Therefore, being very important for future clinical application, we decided to evaluate the frozen bone graft using rats. The procedure was performed on two groups of five rats each (Charles River). After wide dissection of the inferior border of the mandible from the surrounding muscle, an inferior segmental resection 4 mm in length was performed, taking care not to fracture the superior part and to maintain mucosal integrity. This segment was placed in liquid nitrogen for two periods of 10 minutes each with a third period to allow it to reach room temperature. In the first group (A), the frozen segment was placed ectopically in a gluteal muscle pocket, and in the second group (B), the frozen bone was fixed in the same position in the same mandible. After 1 month of follow‐up, the animals were killed, the bone graft was removed, and histology was performed. Results were consistent in both groups. In group A, the segment was surrounded by strong inflammatory reaction, with no vital cells or bone cells, but some vascular penetration. We concluded that there was no bone deposition and no bone rehabitation. In group B, the initial segment was strongly fixed to the remaining mandible, there was an increase of the macroscopic dimension that paralleled the increase in the dimension of the remaining mandible and the growth of the animal. The cortical part had thinned down, the medullary part presented signs of bone deposition as well as bone resorption and vascular penetration. The periosteum from the adjacent normal mandible was growing and covering the frozen bone graft, offering additional stimulus to the bone deposition. In conclusion, the frozen bone graft acts as a normal bone graft. It needs to be placed in contact with vascularised bone and surrounded by well vascularised soft tissue to allow deposition of new bone. If the frozen graft is placed ectopically, it will be surrounded by chronic inflammatory reaction with no bone deposition. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:131–134 2001