bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Far from home
Authors: Rattray Charles 
Published: July 2005

‘Acceptance of the banal conditions of construction enables a good concept to become fit for building,’ say the Dutch architects Claus en Kaan. In The Netherlands, those conditions include a culture of consensus, where the architect has no special authority as creator, tight budgets, strict project management and standardised products. However, their results in these quotidian circumstances are extraordinary: invigorating yet restrained, visceral as well as intellectual. Kees Kaan took me to see one example, their recently completed Netherlands Forensic Institute (NFI) at Rijswijk — a tour de force of expression, form and experience. But afterwards we began by discussing the product of a quite different building environment: their Royal Netherlands Embassy for Mozambique in Maputo. It was, says Kaan, ‘an adventure’.There must have been an immediate contrast with the building industry here in Holland, which we might call synthetic, with its absence of craft and its preponderance of off-the-shelf products...
Nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) estimated by flow cytometry
Authors: Brown J.K. , Lambert G.M. , Ghanim M. , Czosnek H. , Galbraith D.W. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennnadius) was estimated using flow cytometry. Male and female nuclei were stained with propidium iodide and their DNA content was estimated using chicken red blood cells and Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Brassicaceae) as external standards. The estimated nuclear DNA content of male and female B. tabaci was 1.04 and 2.06 pg, respectively. These results corroborated previous reports based on chromosome counting, which showed that B. tabaci males are haploid and females are diploid. Conversion between DNA content and genome size (1 pg DNA = 980 Mbp) indicate that the haploid genome size of B. tabaci is 1020 Mbp, which is approximately five times the size of the genome of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen. These results provide an important baseline that will facilitate genomics-based research for the B. tabaci complex.
Development, survivorship and reproduction of Eretmocerus sp. nr furuhashii (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on glabrous and non-glabrous host plants
Authors: Qiu B.-L. , De Barro P.J. , Ren S.X. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractThe developmental, survivorship and reproductive biology of Eretmocerus sp. nr furuhashii Rose & Zolnerowich parasitizing Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B on tomato, cucumber, eggplant and collard at 26±0.5°C was studied. The mean longevity ranged from 6.5 days on tomato to 8.1 days on collard. The mean lifetime fecundities on tomato, cucumber, eggplant and collard were 35.4, 37.3, 41.4 and 46.4 eggs, whereas the mean lifetime fertility was 20.2, 22.7, 28.3 and 33.6 offspring, respectively. Developmental time was longest on cucumber (17.1 days) and shortest on collard (15.9 days). Survival rates varied significantly across host plants. Sex ratio (♀:♂) varied from 1.71 to 1.93 across the four hosts. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was highest (0.157) on collard and lowest on tomato (0.133). Mean generation time (R0) ranged from 14.7 to 20.9 days. All the data demonstrated that the reproductive success and overall performance of E. sp. nr furuhashii increased as the density of leaf hairs declined. As leaf hairs play a key role in determining efficacy, it is unlikely that effective biological control of B. tabaci using E. sp. nr furuhashii will be achieved on non-glabrous crop varieties.
Anopheles (Cellia) epiroticus (Diptera: Culicidae), a new malaria vector species in the Southeast Asian Sundaicus Complex
Authors: Linton Y.-M. , Dusfour I. , Howard T.M. , L. F. Ruiz , Manh Nguyen Duc , Dinh Trung Ho , Sochanta T. , Coosemans M. , Harbach R.E. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractAnopheles sundaicus species A of the Southeast Asian A. sundaicus complex is formally named Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach based on DNA sequence differentiation of the whole nuclear ITS2 region and a portion of both the cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase I mitochondrial genes. Detailed comparative morphological studies of the adult, larval and pupal stages did not reveal any differential or diagnostic differences that reliably distinguish A. epiroticus from A. sundaicus s.s. Information is provided on the bionomics and systematics of the new species.
Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of different DNA regions as genetic markers in the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Hondelmann P. , Borgemeister C. , Poehling H.-M. 
Published: July 2005

AbstractA polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) analysis using mitochondrial (A + T-rich region; mtDNA) and genomic (zen-region; nDNA) DNA was performed on 182 female individuals of Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer), a widespread aphidophagous hoverfly with supposed migratory behaviour. Specimens originated from 13 sampling sites in six European countries. The analyses revealed 12 and 18 haplotypes, respectively, for the two DNA types, several of them with a wide distribution, although seven and eight haplotypes, respectively, occurred only in one location. In contrast to other studies on mobile insects, the genetic diversity was relatively high. However, lack of population subdivision, low genetic distances between populations, the very high gene flow rates, and the complete lack of isolation by distance suggest that E. balteatus populations are largely connected and that there is an absence of large-scale geographic structuring. These results support the hypothesis that E. balteatus is a migratory hoverfly species, capable of moving over large distances. These findings related to the seasonal migrations of this species are discussed.
Gene-flow between populations of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is highly variable between years
Authors: Scott K.D. , Wilkinson K.S. , Lawrence N. , Lange C.L. , Scott L.J. , Merritt M.A. , Lowe A.J. , Graham G.C 
Published: July 2005

AbstractBoth large and small scale migrations of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner in Australia were investigated using AMOVA analysis and genetic assignment tests. Five microsatellite loci were screened across 3142 individuals from 16 localities in eight major cotton and grain growing regions within Australia, over a 38-month period (November 1999 to January 2003). From November 1999 to March 2001 relatively low levels of migration were characterized between growing regions. Substantially higher than average gene-flow rates and limited differentiation between cropping regions characterized the period from April 2001 to March 2002. A reduced migration rate in the year from April 2002 to March 2003 resulted in significant genetic structuring between cropping regions. This differentiation was established within two or three generations. Genetic drift alone is unlikely to drive genetic differentiation over such a small number of generations, unless it is accompanied by extreme bottlenecks and/or selection. Helicoverpa armigera in Australia demonstrated isolation by distance, so immigration into cropping regions is more likely to come from nearby regions than from afar. This effect was most pronounced in years with limited migration. However, there is evidence of long distance dispersal events in periods of high migration (April 2001–March 2002). The implications of highly variable migration patterns for resistance management are considered.
Punishment and partner switching cause cooperative behaviour in a cleaning mutualism
Authors: Bshary Redouan , Grutter Alexandra S 
Published: July 2005

Abstract:What are the mechanisms that prevent partners from cheating in potentially cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals? The cleaner fishLabroides dimidiatusand client reef fish both benefit from an interaction as long as the cleaner eats ectoparasites. However, the cleaner fish prefers some client mucus, which constitutes cheating. Field observations suggested that clients control such cheating by using punishment (chasing the cleaner) or by switching partners (fleeing from the cleaner). Here, we tested experimentally whether such client behaviours result in cooperative cleaner fish. Cleaners were allowed to feed from Plexiglas plates containing prawn items and fish flake items. A lever attached to the plates allowed us to mimic the behaviours of clients. As cleaners showed a strong preference for prawn over flakes, we taught them that eating their preferred food would cause the plate to either chase them or to flee, while feeding on flakes had no negative consequences. We found a significant shift in cleaner fish foraging behaviour towards flake feeding after six learning trials. As punishment and terminating an interaction resulted in the cleaners feeding against their preferences in our experiment, we propose that the same behaviours in clients improve the service quality of cleaners under natural conditions.
Poignancy in the US political blogsphere
Authors: Rogers Richard 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo suggest methods and approaches to the study of relationships between the blogsphere and news, and to show, through a preliminary study, how the blogsphere makes particular political contributions through the manner in which social issues are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe article provides a set of research questions as well as general methodological approaches to undertake empirical, comparative analysis of the blogsphere and news. It reports on a preliminary study of the contribution of the blogsphere to politics using semantic analysis. Hyperlink analysis of the right‐of‐center US political blogsphere is also provided in a figure.FindingsIt was found that the contribution of the blogsphere to political issue formation is distinctive from that of the news, for the blogsphere provides to issues a poignancy not found in the news.Research limitations/implicationsThe reported study is suggestive of a particular contribution the blogsphere may make to issue formation.Practical implicationsThe article outlines a research agenda.Originality/valueThe article seeks to reorient the study of the blogsphere.
EDM in the Danish public sector: the FESD project
Authors: Steinmark Charlotte 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo confirm that the purpose of the FESD project has been to provide a framework contract for the whole public sector covering the purchase of an EDM system, technical and organisational consulting for implementation and organisational change.Design/methodology/approachThe project took the approach of working closely together with 11 partnering organisations on developing the functional requirements for the system and participating in the tender negotiations with the bidding consortia. This has proved valuable, since the project has gained a profound legitimacy for its demands and a strong basis for the roll‐out in the rest of the public sector.FindingsThe results of the project are manifold: for the first time in the Danish public sector a mutual framework contract has made it possible to put the same requirements forward to the bidding vendors. It has made it possible to develop mutual technical standards and to develop standardised work processes supported by the systems. Furthermore, a number of long‐term findings will become evident over the next two years when the implementation projects begin to show results.Practical implicationsOriginally it was one of the major tasks of the FESD project to show efficiency gains and return of investment within the project's life span. This has not been possible due to the fact that the implementation projects in the partnering organisations are far from finished. Also, efficiency gains are not always part of the success criteria and it may turn out that efficiency gains weigh more in the minds of planners than in the real implementation projects.Originality/valueThe article is a report from a country highly esteemed for its efforts in pushing public digital administration in order to create better service and higher efficiency.
On the mechanical surface enhancement techniques in aerospace industry – a review of technology
Authors: Tolga Bozdana A. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo review the most commonly used mechanical surface enhancement (MSE) techniques and their applications available in aerospace industry.Design/methodology/approachA brief description of each technique, as well as advantages and disadvantages over other techniques are given. The effects of those techniques on the surface characteristics and service properties of treated components are summarised. Finally, the applications of such techniques in the aerospace industry are presented with descriptive illustrations.FindingsProvides a know‐how information and also comparison of techniques. Guides researchers and engineers to proper and appropriate use of each technique for relevant case or application.Research limitations/implicationsThe list of techniques can be extended to a wider range which may perhaps include specific and special purpose surface enhancement methods. The applications given in the paper are mainly industrial examples of such techniques which may reduce its usefulness in academia.Practical implicationsA very useful source of information and reference for companies and engineers working in repair and production technologies of aerospace components, and also a valuable guidance for researchers and academia or for those who are intending to make a research on surface enhancement technologies.Originality/valueThis paper introduces the most commonly used MSE techniques and their effects on the service properties of aerospace components, and provides a practical help and information for people in the industry and academia.
Hierarchical model‐based diagnosis applied to spacecraft
Authors: Ruoming An , Xingwei Jiang , Zhengji Song 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo improve accuracy and efficiency of multi‐fault recognition and localization for large‐scale system such as satellite.Design/methodology/approachFirst, fault propagations of a system are modeled by a digraph, which composes of nodes and arcs. Each arc is associated with information about propagation probability and propagation strength. Then, based on consistency‐based theory and semantic theory of abstractions, hierarchical diagnosis model of a system is built. Finally, according to a two‐way hierarchical diagnosis strategy, two incorporated algorithms are adopted which are the Lagrangian relaxation algorithm and the “method of propagation strength”.FindingsHierarchical model can greatly improve efficiency of diagnosis compared with un‐hierarchical one. The combined qualitative and quantitative knowledge can improve fault resolution.Research limitations/implicationsThe propagation probability and propagation strength must been known.Practical implicationsThe method shows its superiority when it is applied to complex system such as spacecraft.Originality/valueA novel hierarchical framework for large‐scale system multi‐fault diagnosis, which include some new ideas and algorithm is put forward.
Approximate controller design for singularly perturbed aircraft systems
Authors: Shim Kyu‐Hong , Sawan M.E. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo design a reduced‐order controller with loosing little accuracy.Design/methodology/approachSingular perturbation approach by quasi‐steady state approximation and by Matrix block diagonalization technique is used.FindingsIt is shown that few errors occur between the uncorrected and corrected solutions for the fast subsystems while a few errors occur between the two kinds of solutions for the slow subsystems. The uncorrected solution is admissible for most dynamics. If not, it is recommended that the corrected solution be used.Research limitationsProportional feedback control gain is obtained by Pole placement method, which may produce an unwanted overshoot in the response.Originality/valueThis paper shows that the corrected controller is successfully applied in the aircraft dynamics and control.
Peer mentoring: one institution's approach to mentoring academic librarians
Authors: Level Allison V. , Mach Michelle 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAims to describe a peer‐mentoring program in one academic library and to provide suggestions and recommendations for setting up a similar program in other libraries.Design/methodology/approachFormal one‐on‐one mentoring for tenure‐track librarians is a standard component of many professional development programs. This qualitative article describes the development of a newer method, the peer‐mentoring group.FindingsInformation about several peer‐mentoring programs and the importance of mentoring as a component of professional development in libraries is provided.Originality/valueA list of recent articles on peer‐mentoring programs is provided along with selected articles about mentoring in libraries and higher education. The focus is for academic libraries, but public libraries may still be interested in this newer model of mentoring.
Strategic human resource development in public libraries in Botswana
Authors: Jain Priti 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe broad objective of this study was to present a model for strategic human resource management through an effective staff performance appraisal system in Botswana Public Libraries in order to enhance the provision of delivery of information services.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents and discusses the partial findings of the study, which were revealed in an attempt to provide a strategic human resource management model for public libraries in Botswana. Public libraries aid the public as a whole, and they often lack funds and human resources. It is because of these constraints that the study was embarked on by the author.FindingsFrom an empirical investigation the main critical qualities required to provide efficient public library services were revealed as: enthusiasm, positive attitude, innovative thinking, commitment. The other staff related and motivational issues were identified as: a sense of achievement, a feeling of self‐worth, job‐security, staff recognition, status, career development, good salary, effective communication, job satisfaction, delegation of authority, clear job description, performance feedback, conducive working environment. Some other strategic management issues were acclaimed as: organisational culture, transformational leadership, employee recognition and reward systems, performance measurement system, productivity improvement, and customer orientation.Originality/valueThis paper recommends a strategic human resource management model for the public libraries in Botswana, which may assist in enhancing the provision of library services to fulfil the aims of the Botswana National Library Service (BNLS) more efficiently and facilitate the strategic plan process of BNLS which is currently working on its strategic plan and human resource strategy.
Public libraries in Belfast and the Troubles, 1969‐1994
Authors: Topping Darren , Evans Geraint 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to investigate the extent to which public libraries in Belfast were affected by the Northern Ireland Troubles between 1969 and 1994.Design/methodology/approachBased on a literature review and interviews with key members of staff, it gives a brief history of the growth of public libraries in the city and outlines the impact of the Troubles on the buildings, staff and finances of Belfast libraries. It further details the effect on the Falls Road branch, a library in the centre of the turmoil.FindingsExamines the literature generated by the Troubles and discusses how the Northern Ireland Political Collection at the Linen Hall Library Belfast has harnessed these materials.Originality/valueInvestigates the extent to which public libraries in Belfast were affected by the Northern Ireland Troubles between 1969 and 1994.
Achieving readiness for organisational change
Authors: Smith Ian 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to ontinue discussion of the critical role of people in organisational change.Design/methodology/approachFocuses on the importance of achieving change readiness, ways in which this may be achieved and means to assess organisational readiness for change.FindingsAchieving and sustaining effective organisational change and renewal are an imperative. The people in organisations can be either the key to achieving effective change, or the biggest obstacles to success.Originality/valueHighlights how managers attempting to achieve organisational change will be well served by paying attention to the need to create readiness for change – this at both the individual employee and whole‐of‐organisation level – and the ways in which this may be achieved.
Culture as a determinant of the importance level business students place on ten teaching/learning techniques
Authors: Rodrigues Carl A. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeSeeks to examine the impact of national culture on the importance level students place on ten teaching techniques commonly used by US business instructors.Design/methodology/approachUndergraduate and MBA business students, including students born in the USA and students born in a foreign country, rated the techniques.FindingsRatings by students from cultures preferring techniques where the instructor provides high structure differ slightly from the ratings by students from cultures preferring techniques where the instructor provides lower structure.Research limitations/implicationsThe respondents are from one US university. Therefore, the results cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsThe framework is useful in that it reminds instructors/trainers that, if a group of learners is from the same culture, a customized technique may be effective but, if the group is from diverse cultures, it reminds them that they may have to provide more structure to those students and trainees from cultures which learn best through directive techniques than to those which learn best through less directive techniques.Originality/valueSome researchers have examined how culture influences learning‐style preference. However, much of the existing literature has been contributed by educational psychologists, whose major concern has been the academic performance of Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians being lower than that of whites in the USA. This study addresses the impact of national culture on students’ teaching/learning technique preference.
Managers’ perceptions of the strategic role of management development
Authors: Luoma Mikko 
Published: July 2005

PurposeCompanies are increasingly using management development (MD) initiatives as a means of enhancing their capability to realise their business goals. Therefore, the linkage between MD and strategic management should be better understood. Aims to examine this situation.Design/methodology/approachBy utilising quantitative statistical methods, the paper studies the linkage from the perspective of individual managers, and analyses how the various forms of the linkage relate to managers’ strategic awareness and perceived value of MD.FindingsEmpirical evidence from Finnish managers implies that the perceived effectiveness of MD and the level of strategic awareness of managers are highly inter‐related.Originality/valueThe paper helps researchers and practitioners to better understand the dynamic and holistic nature of MD and highlights the need to study strategic management and organisational learning increasingly from the perspective of individuals rather than from that of the whole organisation.