bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistencies in, and short pathlength correction to, $$R_{AA}(p_T)$$ in $$\textrm{A}+\textrm{A}$$ and $$\textrm{p} + \textrm{A}$$ collisions
Authors: Faraday Coleridge , Grindrod Antonia , Horowitz W. A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present the first leading hadron suppression predictions in $$\textrm{Pb}+\textrm{Pb}$$

Pb
+
Pb

and $$\textrm{p}+\textrm{Pb}$$

p
+
Pb

collisions from a convolved radiative and collisional energy loss model in which partons propagate through a realistic background and in which the radiative energy loss receives a short pathlength correction. We find that the short pathlength correction is small for D and B meson $$R_{AA}(p_T)$$

R

AA

(

p
T

)

in both $$\textrm{Pb}+\textrm{Pb}$$

Pb
+
Pb

and $$\textrm{p}+\textrm{Pb}$$

p
+
Pb

collisions. However the short pathlength correction leads to a surprisingly large reduction in suppression for $$\pi $$
π
mesons in $$\textrm{p}+\textrm{Pb}$$

p
+
Pb

and even $$\textrm{Pb}+\textrm{Pb}$$

Pb
+
Pb

collisions. We systematically check the consistency of the assumptions used in the radiative energy loss derivation-such as collinearity, softness, and large formation time-with the final numerical model. While collinearity and softness are self-consistently satisfied in the final numerics, we find that the large formation time approximation breaks down at modest to high momenta $$p_T \gtrsim 30~\textrm{GeV}$$

p
T

≳
30

GeV

. We find that both the size of the small pathlength correction to $$R_{AA}(p_T)$$

R

AA

(

p
T

)

and the $$p_T$$

p
T

at which the large formation time assumption breaks down are acutely sensitive to the chosen distribution of scattering centers in the plasma.
Twist decomposition of non-linear effects in Balitsky–Kovchegov evolution of proton structure functions
Authors: Motyka Leszek , Sadzikowski Mariusz 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEffects of non-linear small-x evolution of the gluon distribution given by the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation are analyzed within the collinear approximation framework. We perform a twist decomposition of the proton structure functions $$F_2$$

F
2

and $$F_{\textrm{L}}$$

F
L

obtained from the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation using the Mellin representation of the scattering cross-sections at high energies. In both the structure functions we find strong corrections coming from the non-linear effects in the gluon evolution at twist 2, and strongly suppressed higher twist effects. This implies that unitarization effects of high energy scattering amplitudes are mostly the leading twist effect. Furthermore we consider the double logarithmic limit of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation for the collinear gluon distribution, and compare the result to the Gribov–Levin–Ryskin equation. We find that these two equations differ by two powers of the hard scale logarithm for the large scales.
Indigenous knowledge of palaeontology in Africa
Authors: Benoit Julien , Penn-Clarke Cameron R. , Rust Renée , Groenewald David P. , Vickers-Rich Patricia , Helm Charles W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Compared to other continents, the study of indigenous (non-western) knowledge of palaeontology in Africa is a relatively new field. The literature reviewed here nevertheless suggests a long-lasting string of traditions, geomyths and folklore related to fossilized items on the whole continent and encompassing many African cultures. It is often difficult to estimate the antiquity of these traditions, but the evidence gathered here suggests that they range from the 1800s to pre-colonial times, and up to many millennia. Palaeontological items were collected and used for a variety of reasons, but the African record seems unusual for its scarce use of fossils for traditional medicine. Also, despite substantial efforts, some famous localities with conspicuous fossils still remain without any documented indigenous knowledge. We stress that documenting fossil-related folklore and geomyths is not only a matter of preserving this knowledge or promoting diversity, but is also crucial for establishing strong bonds with local stakeholders to encourage preservation of geoheritage and discover new sites.
Early Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Russian Platform
Authors: Baraboshkin Evgenij 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper summarizes the data on the Early Cretaceous palaeogeography of the Russian Platform (RP) in the context of the development of the Northeastern Peritethys. One of the main features of the region is the constant mutual influence of the Tethyan and Boreal water masses (WMs) through the system of straits. The latest Volgian–Barremian development of the RP basin was under major influence of the Boreal WM. It differs from the Aptian–Albian interval, which formed under major influence of Tethyan and Peritethyan WMs. Zonal biostratigraphy reflects the type of marine biota related to the type of WM. The WM movement was interrupted by several episodes of exposition of the southern margin of the RP, the Berriasian–Barremian interval, or almost the whole platform, in the late middle–late Aptian.
Early Cretaceous continental sedimentatary environments, palaeogeography and biota of southeastern Western Siberia
Authors: Ivantsov Stepan V. , Fayngerts Alexey V. , Feofanova Olga A. , Vladimirova Olga N. , Slobodin Dmitriy A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Ilek Formation was distinguished by Ragozin in 1936 in the SE of Western Siberia, as a sequence of continental deposits accumulated in the alluvial and lacustrine environments, dating Barremian–Early Albian. At the end of the twentieth century a series of sites, comprising rich and diverse Early Cretaceous vertebrates, was discovered, which forced an intensive comprehensive research of the Ilek Formation. The stratotype section of the Bolshoi Ilek represents an abnormal section of the Ilek Formation, comprising the deposits of prodelta, delta front and mouth bars. Three regions within the area of the Ilek Formation reflect the evolution of the fluvial system. The eastern region represents the oldest part of the section, preliminarily dated to the Barremian based on spore and pollen analysis in addition to lithological characteristics. The western region was probably deposited during ocean anoxic event (OAE) 1a. The central region represents the final stage of the tectonic cycle, deposited within the environments of the calm plain river and fluvial delta. The vertebrate assemblages distinguished for the Kiya and Bolshoi Kemchug basins have specific features, which can support the heterochrony of the Ilekian deposits.
Resilient Intermediary-Based Key Exchange Protocol for IoT
Authors: Hu Zhangxiang , Li Jun , Wilson Christopher 
Published: November 2023

Due to the limited resources of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Symmetric Key Cryptography (SKC) is typically favored over resource-intensive Public Key Cryptography (PKC) to secure communication between IoT devices. To utilize SKC, devices need to execute a key exchange protocol to establish a session key before initiating communication. However, existing SKC-based key exchange protocols assume that communication devices have a pre-shared secret or there are trusted intermediaries between them; neither is always realistic in IoT.
We introduce a new SKC-based key exchange protocol for IoT devices. While also intermediary based, our protocol fundamentally departs from existing intermediary-based solutions in that intermediaries between two key exchange devices may be malicious, and moreover, our protocol can detect cheating behaviors and identify malicious intermediaries. We prove our protocol is secure under the universally composable model, and show that it can detect malicious intermediaries with probability 1.0. We implemented and evaluated our protocol on different IoT devices. We show that our protocol has significant improvements in computation time and energy cost. Compared to the PKC-based protocols ECDH, DH, and RSA, our protocol is 2.3 to 1,591 times faster on one of the two key exchange devices and 0.7 to 4.67 times faster on the other.
A Phase Ib First-In-Patient Study Assessing the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Ponsegromab in Participants with Cancer and Cachexia
Authors: Crawford Jeffrey , Calle Roberto A. , Collins Susie M. , Weng Yan , Lubaczewski Shannon L. , Buckeridge Clare , Wang Ellen Q. , Harrington Magdalena A. , Tarachandani Anil , Rossulek Michelle I. , Revkin James H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Cachexia is common in patients with advanced cancer and is associated with elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) concentrations. This first-in-patient (phase Ib), 24-week study assessed use of ponsegromab, a mAb against GDF-15, in adults with advanced cancer, cachexia, and elevated GDF-15 serum concentration.

Patients and Methods:
Participants (n = 10) received open-label ponsegromab subcutaneous 200 mg every 3 weeks for 12 weeks in addition to standard-of-care anticancer treatment. Ponsegromab safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics were assessed in addition to serum GDF-15 concentrations and exploratory measures of efficacy.

Results:
No treatment-related treatment-emergent adverse events, injection site reactions, or adverse trends in clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, or electrocardiogram parameters attributable to ponsegromab were identified. Median serum unbound GDF-15 concentration at baseline was 2.269 ng/mL. Following initiation of study treatment, median unbound GDF-15 concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification (0.0424 ng/mL) from day 1 (3 hours postdose) through week 15. Increases in body weight were observed at all time points during the treatment and follow-up periods. A least-squares mean (SE) increase of 4.63 (1.98) kg was observed at week 12, an increase of approximately 6.6% relative to baseline. Ponsegromab-mediated improvements in actigraphy-based assessments of physical activity and in quality of life, including appetite as assessed by Functional Assessment of Anorexia-Cachexia Therapy total and subscale scores, were also observed.

Conclusions:
Ponsegromab was well tolerated, suppressed serum GDF-15 concentrations, and demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy. These findings support the continued development of ponsegromab for the treatment of cachexia.
Temporary Knockdown of p53 During Focal Limb Irradiation Increases the Development of Sarcomas
Authors: Daniel Andrea R. , Su Chang , Williams Nerissa T. , Li Zhiguo , Huang Jianguo , Lopez Omar , Luo Lixia , Ma Yan , Campos Lorraine da Silva , Selitsky Sara R. , Modliszewski Jennifer L. , Liu Siyao , Hernansaiz-Ballesteros Rosa , Mowery Yvonne M. , Cardona Diana M. , Lee Chang-Lung , Kirsch David G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Approximately half of patients with cancer receive radiotherapy and, as cancer survivorship increases, the low rate of radiation-associated sarcomas is rising. Pharmacologic inhibition of p53 has been proposed as an approach to ameliorate acute injury of normal tissues from genotoxic therapies, but how this might impact the risk of therapy-induced cancer and normal tissue injuries remains unclear. We utilized mice that express a doxycycline (dox)-inducible p53 short hairpin RNA to reduce Trp53 expression temporarily during irradiation. Mice were placed on a dox diet 10 days prior to receiving 30 or 40 Gy hind limb irradiation in a single fraction and then returned to normal chow. Mice were examined weekly for sarcoma development and scored for radiation-induced normal tissue injuries. Radiation-induced sarcomas were subjected to RNA sequencing. Following single high-dose irradiation, 21% of animals with temporary p53 knockdown during irradiation developed a sarcoma in the radiation field compared with 2% of control animals. Following high-dose irradiation, p53 knockdown preserves muscle stem cells, and increases sarcoma development. Mice with severe acute radiation-induced injuries exhibit an increased risk of developing late persistent wounds, which were associated with sarcomagenesis. RNA sequencing revealed radiation-induced sarcomas upregulate genes related to translation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammation, and the cell cycle. Comparison of the transcriptomes of human and mouse sarcomas that arose in irradiated tissues revealed regulation of common gene programs, including elevated EMT pathway gene expression. These results suggest that blocking p53 during radiotherapy could minimize acute toxicity while exacerbating late effects including second cancers.

Significance:
Strategies to prevent or mitigate acute radiation toxicities include pharmacologic inhibition of p53 and other cell death pathways. Our data show that temporarily reducing p53 during irradiation increases late effects including sarcomagenesis.
Ivabradine in the Prevention, and Reduction in Size, of Perioperative Myocardial Injury in Patients Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery for Acute Fracture
Authors: Rafiudeen Rifly , Barlis Peter , Hau Raphael , Vasanthakumar Sheran , Ng Reginald , Wu Philip , Tacey Mark , Banning Adrian , van Gaal William 
Published: November 2023

Background
Perioperative myocardial injury is common after major noncardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. This study investigated the use of ivabradine in patients undergoing urgent surgery for fracture.

Methods and Results

This was a prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial. Participants were enrolled 1:1 into ivabradine or placebo arm, and study drug was commenced before operation and continued for 7 days or until discharge. High‐sensitivity troponin I was measured daily using Abbott Alinity analyzer and assay, and heart rate data were obtained using continuous Holter monitoring. A total of 199 patients underwent acute orthopedic surgery, 98 in the ivabradine group and 101 in the placebo group. The mean age was 78.7 years (range, 77.5–79.9 years), with 68% women. The average heart rate was 5 to 11 beats per minute lower in the ivabradine group compared with the placebo group at all time points (
P
<0.001 for all). There was no statistically significant difference between the ivabradine and placebo groups in the number of patients who had perioperative myocardial injury: 28.6% versus 31.6% (
P
=0.71). In patients with perioperative myocardial injury, average peak troponin was 168.8 ng/L (±431.2 ng/L) in the ivabradine group and 2094.5 ng/L (±7201.9 ng/L) in the placebo group (
P
=0.16). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in 30‐day mortality, blood pressure, stroke, or major adverse cardiovascular event.

Conclusions
Starting ivabradine preoperatively in elderly patients requiring acute surgery for fracture did not result in a statistically significant difference in the incidence of perioperative myocardial injury. There was no statistically significant difference in morbidity, mortality, or adverse events between treatment groups.

Registration

URL:
https://www.anzctr.org.au/
; Unique identifier: ACTRN12616001634460p.
Ten‐Year Review of Antihypertensive Prescribing Practices After Stroke and the Associated Disparities From the Florida Stroke Registry
Authors: Gordon Perue Gillian , Ying Hao , Bustillo Antonio , Zhou Lili , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Gardener Hannah E. , Krigman Judith , Jameson Angus , Dong Chuanhui , Rundek Tatjana , Rose David Z. , Romano Jose G. , Alkhachroum Ayham , Sacco Ralph L. , Asdaghi Negar , Koch Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

Background
Guideline‐based hypertension management is integral to the prevention of stroke. We examine trends in antihypertensive medications prescribed after stroke and assess how well a prescriber's blood pressure (BP) medication choice adheres to clinical practice guidelines (BP‐guideline adherence).

Methods and Results

The FSR (Florida Stroke Registry) uses statewide data prospectively collected for all acute stroke admissions. Based on established guidelines, we defined optimal BP‐guideline adherence using the following hierarchy of rules: (1) use of an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker as first‐line antihypertensive among diabetics; (2) use of thiazide‐type diuretics or calcium channel blockers among Black patients; (3) use of beta blockers among patients with compelling cardiac indication; (4) use of thiazide, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, or calcium channel blocker class as first line in all others; (5) beta blockers should be avoided as first line unless there is a compelling cardiac indication. A total of 372 254 cases from January 2010 to March 2020 are in the FSR with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or subarachnoid hemorrhage; 265 409 with complete data were included in the final analysis. Mean age was 70±14 years; 50% were women; and index stroke subtypes were 74% acute ischemic stroke, 11% intracerebral hemorrhage, 11% transient ischemic attack, and 4% subarachnoid hemorrhage. BP‐guideline adherence to each specific rule ranged from 48% to 74%, which is below quality standards of 80%, and was lower among Black patients (odds ratio, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.7–0.83];
P
<0.001) and those with atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.50–0.56];
P
<0.001) and diabetes (odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.61–0.68];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
This large data set demonstrates consistently low rates of BP‐guideline adherence over 10 years. There is an opportunity for monitoring hypertensive management after stroke.
Heart Failure, Female Sex, and Atrial Fibrillation Are the Main Drivers of Human Atrial Cardiomyopathy: Results From the CATCH ME Consortium
Authors: Winters Joris , Isaacs Aaron , Zeemering Stef , Kawczynski Michal , Maesen Bart , Maessen Jos , Bidar Elham , Boukens Bas , Hermans Ben , van Hunnik Arne , Casadei Barbara , Fabritz Larissa , Chua Winnie , Sommerfeld Laura , Guasch Eduard , Mont Luis , Batlle Montserrat , Hatem Stephane , Kirchhof Paulus , Wakili Reza , Sinner Mortiz , Stoll Monica , Goette Andreas , Verheule Sander , Schotten Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

Background
Atrial cardiomyopathy (atCM) is an emerging prognostic factor in cardiovascular disease. Fibrotic remodeling, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and capillary density are hallmarks of atCM. The contribution of etiological factors and atrial fibrillation (AF) to the development of differential atCM phenotypes has not been quantified. This study aimed to evaluate the association between histological features of atCM and the clinical phenotype.

Methods and Results

We examined left atrial (LA, n=95) and right atrial (RA, n=76) appendages from a European cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Quantification of histological atCM features was performed following wheat germ agglutinin/CD31/vimentin staining. The contributions of AF, heart failure, sex, and age to histological characteristics were determined with multiple linear regression models. Persistent AF was associated with increased endomysial fibrosis (LA: +1.13±0.47 μm,
P
=0.038; RA: +0.94±0.38 μm,
P
=0.041), whereas total extracellular matrix content was not. Men had larger cardiomyocytes (LA: +1.92±0.72 μm,
P
<0.001), while women had more endomysial fibrosis (LA: +0.99±0.56 μm,
P
=0.003). Patients with heart failure showed more endomysial fibrosis (LA: +1.85±0.48 μm,
P
<0.001) and extracellular matrix content (LA: +3.07±1.29%,
P
=0.016), and a higher capillary density (LA: +0.13±0.06,
P
=0.007) and size (LA: +0.46±0.22 μm,
P
=0.044). Fuzzy k‐means clustering of histological features identified 2 subtypes of atCM: 1 characterized by enhanced endomysial fibrosis (LA: +3.17 μm,
P
<0.001; RA: +2.86 μm,
P
<0.001), extracellular matrix content (LA: +3.53%,
P
<0.001; RA: +6.40%,
P
<0.001) and fibroblast density (LA: +4.38%,
P
<0.001), and 1 characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (LA: +1.16 μm,
P
=0.008; RA: +2.58 μm,
P
<0.001). Patients with fibrotic atCM were more frequently female (LA: odds ratio [OR], 1.33,
P
=0.002; RA: OR, 1.54,
P
=0.004), with persistent AF (LA: OR, 1.22,
P
=0.036) or heart failure (LA: OR, 1.62,
P
<0.001). Hypertrophic features were more common in men (LA: OR=1.33,
P
=0.002; RA: OR, 1.54,
P
=0.004).

Conclusions
Fibrotic atCM is associated with female sex, persistent AF, and heart failure, while hypertrophic features are more common in men.
Cross-cultural differences in visual object and background processing in the infant brain
Authors: Köster Moritz , Bánki Anna , Yamasaki Daiki , Kato Masaharu , Itakura Shoji , Hoehl Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Human visual cognition differs profoundly between cultures. A key finding is that visual processing is tuned toward focal elements of a visual scene in Western cultures (US and Europe) and toward the background in Eastern cultures (Asia). Although some evidence for cultural differences exists for young children, to date, the ontogenetic origins of cultural differences in human visual cognition have not been unveiled. This study explores early cross-cultural differences in human visual processing, by tracking the neural signatures for object versus background elements of a visual scene in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 12-month-old infants, in Vienna (Austria; a Western culture; n = 35) and Kyoto (Japan; an Eastern culture; n = 36). Specifically, we separated neural signatures by presenting object and background at different stimulation frequencies (5.67 and 8.5 Hz). Results show that human visual processing is different between cultures from early on. We found that infants from Vienna showed a higher object signal, in contrast to infants from Kyoto, who showed an accentuated background signal. This early emergence of cultural differences in human vision may be explained in part by early social experiences: In a separate interaction phase, mothers from Vienna pointed out object (versus background) elements more often than mothers from Kyoto. To conclude, with a cross-cultural developmental neuroscience approach, we reveal that cross-cultural differences in visual processing of object and background are already present in the first year after birth, which is much earlier than previously thought.