bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical care advice for monitoring of islet autoantibody positive individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hendriks A. Emile J. , Marcovecchio M. Loredana , Besser Rachel E. J. , Bonifacio Ezio , Casteels Kristina , Elding Larsson Helena , Gemulla Gita , Lundgren Markus , Kordonouri Olga , Mallone Roberto , Pociot Flemming , Szypowska Agnieszka , Toppari Jorma , Berge Thekla von dem , Ziegler Anette G. , Mathieu Chantal , Achenbach Peter ,   INNODIA consortium, the Fr1da Study Group and the GPPAD Study Group
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground/AimType 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that involves the development of autoantibodies against pancreatic islet beta‐cell antigens, preceding clinical diagnosis by a period of preclinical disease activity. As screening activity to identify autoantibody‐positive individuals increases, a rise in presymptomatic type 1 diabetes individuals seeking medical attention is expected. Current guidance on how to monitor these individuals in a safe but minimally invasive way is limited. This article aims to provide clinical guidance for monitoring individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes to reduce the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis.MethodsExpert consensus was obtained from members of the Fr1da, GPPAD, and INNODIA consortia, three European diabetes research groups. The guidance covers both specialist and primary care follow‐up strategies.ResultsThe guidance outlines recommended monitoring approaches based on age, disease stage and clinical setting. Individuals with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes are best followed up in specialist care. For stage 1, biannual assessments of random plasma glucose and HbA1c are suggested for children, while annual assessments are recommended for adolescents and adults. For stage 2, 3‐monthly clinic visits with additional home monitoring are advised. The value of repeat OGTT in stage 1 and the use of continuous glucose monitoring in stage 2 are discussed. Primary care is encouraged to monitor individuals who decline specialist care, following the guidance presented.ConclusionsAs type 1 diabetes screening programs become more prevalent, effective monitoring strategies are essential to mitigate the risk of complications such as DKA. This guidance serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, providing practical recommendations tailored to an individual's age and disease stage, both within specialist and primary care settings.
Elimination profile of low‐dose chlortalidone and its detection in hair for doping analysis—Implication for unintentional non‐therapeutic exposure
Authors: Thieme Detlef , Weigel Kai , Anielski Patricia , Krumbholz Aniko , Sporkert Frank , Keiler Annekathrin M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChlortalidone (CLT) is a thiazide‐type diuretic with high affinity for the erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. Therapeutically, it is mostly used to treat edema and hypertension due to liver cirrhosis, heart insufficiency, or renal dysfunction. Although diuretics and masking agents are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) at all times in sports, substances belonging to this category are constantly detected in athlete samples, according to WADA's annual testing figures. Within this group of structurally diverse compounds, a threshold of 20 ng/mL has been introduced for six substances solely due to their presence as contaminants in other permitted drugs because of pharmaceutical production processes. In a recent presumptive doping case with a low urinary CLT concentration, the question of unintentional doping, for example, by contaminated non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug intake, arose. To examine this potential scenario, a co‐elimination of low‐dose CLT and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTA; 20 × 50 μg, 0.2 mg/day each) was conducted on five consecutive days in two volunteers. Urine samples were subjected to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Moreover, we examined the incorporation of CLT in scalp hair. HCTA is rapidly excreted renally in comparatively high concentrations. In contrast, the elimination of CLT is considerably slower (terminal elimination half‐life extended by a factor of 12) and, consequently, much less concentrated in corresponding urine samples (45 and 53 ng/mL, respectively). Conversely, a higher hair incorporation of chlorthalidone was observed with simultaneous dosing of both. The results suggest that an unintentional intake of sub‐therapeutic CLT doses due to contamination might result in an adverse analytical finding.
Numerical study on local scour characteristics around submarine pipelines in the Yellow River Delta silty sandy soil under waves and currents
Authors: Yu Peng , Hu Ruigeng , Zhang Jike , Yang Qi , Zhao Jieru , Cao Lei , Zhu Chenghao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to their high reliability and cost‐efficiency, submarine pipelines are widely used in offshore oil and gas resource engineering. Due to the interaction of waves, currents, seabed, and pipeline structures, the soil around submarine pipelines is prone to local scour, severely affecting their operational safety. With the Yellow River Delta as the research area and based on the renormalized group (RNG) k‐ε turbulence model and Stokes fifth‐order wave theory, this study solves the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation using the finite difference method. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to describe the fluid‐free surface, and a three‐dimensional numerical model of currents and waves–submarine pipeline–silty sandy seabed is established. The rationality of the numerical model is verified using a self‐built waveflow flume. On this basis, in this study, the local scour development and characteristics of submarine pipelines in the Yellow River Delta silty sandy seabed in the prototype environment are explored and the influence of the presence of pipelines on hydrodynamic features such as surrounding flow field, shear stress, and turbulence intensity is analyzed. The results indicate that (1) local scour around submarine pipelines can be divided into three stages: rapid scour, slow scour, and stable scour. The maximum scour depth occurs directly below the pipeline, and the shape of the scour pits is asymmetric. (2) As the water depth decreases and the pipeline suspension height increases, the scour becomes more intense. (3) When currents go through a pipeline, a clear stagnation point is formed in front of the pipeline, and the flow velocity is positively correlated with the depth of scour. This study can provide a valuable reference for the protection of submarine pipelines in this area.
Body size and trophic structure explain global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects
Authors: Gusmão Reginaldo A. F. , Tessarolo Geiziane , Dobrovolski Ricardo , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlthough climate‐based hypotheses are widely used to explain large‐scale diversity patterns, they fall short of explaining the spatial variation among taxonomic groups. Integrating food web and metabolic theories into macroecology is a promising step forward, as they allow including explicit taxon‐specific traits that can potentially mediate the relationship between climate and diversity. Our investigation focuses on the role of body size and trophic structure in mediating the influence of contemporary climate and historical climate change on global tetrapods species richness. We used piecewise structural equation modeling to assess the direct effects of contemporary climate and climate instability of species richness and the indirect effects of climate on tetrapod richness mediated by community‐wide species traits. We found that birds and mammals are less sensitive to the direct effect of contemporary climate than amphibians and squamates. Contemporary climate and climate instability favored the species richness of mammals and amphibians. However, for birds and squamates, this link is only associated with contemporary climate. Moreover, we showed that community‐wide traits are correlated with species richness gradients. However, we highlight that this relationship is dependent upon the specific traits and taxonomic groups. Specifically, bird communities with smaller bodies and bottom‐heavy structures support higher species richness. Squamates also tend to be more diverse in communities with prevalence of smaller bodies, while mammals are correlated with top‐heavy structures. Moreover, we showed that higher contemporary climate and climate instability reduce the species richness of birds and mammals through community‐wide traits and indirectly increase squamate species richness. We also showed that body size and trophic structure are driving a global asymmetric response of tetrapod diversity to climate effects, which highlights the limitation to use the “typical” climate‐based hypotheses. Furthermore, by combining multiple theories, our research contributes to a more realistic and mechanistic understanding of diversity patterns across taxonomic groups.
Oriental reed warblers retain strong egg recognition abilities during the nestling stage
Authors: Ma Laikun , Liu Wei , Pan Peng , Hou Jianhua , Liang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEgg recognition and rejection are the most common and effective anti‐parasitic strategies against avian brood parasitism in terms of maintaining stability over time and plasticity in response to environmental cues. Conversely, parasites have evolved multiple counter‐adaptations to the anti‐parasitic defenses of hosts. Among them, the crypsis hypothesis suggests that eggs that appear more cryptic in color and are closely matched to the environment are helping to counter the egg recognition strategy of the host. In this study, we investigated whether the egg recognition ability of Oriental reed warblers (Acrocephalus orientalis), a common host of common cuckoos (Cuculus canorus), changed during different reproductive stages by using model egg experiments. The effect of the crypsis hypothesis on the egg recognition ability of the hosts was also investigated by controlling the color contrast between the inside of the experimental nests and the model eggs. The results showed that the Oriental reed warbler retained strong egg recognition abilities, which were similar to the incubation stage (GLMMs: F1,27 = 0.424, p = .521), even after entering the nestling stage and preferentially rejected model eggs with distinct contrasting colors (binomial test: Fisher's exact, p = .016). These results are consistent with the crypsis hypothesis. The present study suggests that the host retains a strong egg recognition ability even during the nestling stage and that cryptic‐colored eggs that are closely matched with the breeding nest environment help counter the host's egg recognition abilities and increase the chances of successful parasitism by cuckoos. However, the effectiveness of cryptic egg may be weaker than mimic egg in countering egg recognition and rejection by hosts with open‐cup nests.
Changes in the quality of oil extracted by hot pressing from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds and by solvent from the obtained cake during refining
Authors: Abedinzadeh Solmaz , Torbati Mohammadali , Azadmard‐Damirchi Sodeif , Hashempour‐Baltork Fataneh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, oil was extracted from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seed (BCS) by press, and oil was extracted from the obtained cake with a solvent. The changes in the quality of both crude oils obtained by pressing and by solvent were investigated during refining. Findings revealed that the p‐anisidin value (p‐AV) and fatty acid profile did not change significantly, but there were significant differences (p < .05) in the peroxide value (PV), reflective index, pigment contents, free fatty acid content (FFA%), and antioxidant activity (total phenol content (TPC), thymoquinone, and DPPH inhibition) of BCS oils obtained by the two different methods. PV and FFA decreased to less than 15 meqO2/kg and 0.3%, respectively, in the refined oil. The TPC (65%), thymoquinone (45–97%), carotenoids (86–89%), and chlorophyll (75–85%) were removed from BCS oil, but the DPPH value was raised by about 33%. The current study gives a clear picture of the changes during refining in BCS oil, which can be a useful guide in food applications.
What is the role of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus in the persistence of tinnitus?
Authors: Berger Joel I. , Billig Alexander J. , Sedley William , Kumar Sukhbinder , Griffiths Timothy D. , Gander Phillip E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus have been implicated as part of a tinnitus network by a number of studies. These structures are usually considered in the context of a “limbic system,” a concept typically invoked to explain the emotional response to tinnitus. Despite this common framing, it is not apparent from current literature that this is necessarily the main functional role of these structures in persistent tinnitus. Here, we highlight a different role that encompasses their most commonly implicated functional position within the brain—that is, as a memory system. We consider tinnitus as an auditory object that is held in memory, which may be made persistent by associated activity from the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. Evidence from animal and human studies implicating these structures in tinnitus is reviewed and used as an anchor for this hypothesis. We highlight the potential for the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus to facilitate maintenance of the memory of the tinnitus percept via communication with auditory cortex, rather than (or in addition to) mediating emotional responses to this percept.
Synthesis and Quantitative Analysis of Glycans Conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Liao Kuo‐Shiang , Kung Chih‐Chuan , Cheng Li‐Chun , Chung Cinya , Wong Chi‐Huey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have emerged as promising tools for biomedical applications due to their unique properties and ability to be functionalized. However, quantitative analysis of biomolecules conjugated to nanoparticles remains a challenge. Here we report a method to conjugate a synthetic hybrid‐type N‐glycan to GNPs and quantitatively analyze the glycan content. The glycan was first conjugated to N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)‐ester activated GNPs and confirmed qualitatively by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and flow cytometry. The glycan conjugated‐GNPs were then treated with neuraminidase to release terminal sialic acid from the glycan, which was labeled with 1,2‐diamino‐4,5‐methylenedioxybenzene and quantitatively analyzed by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). The amount of the sialic acid released was equivalent to the glycan content on GNPs. This method enabled a precise quantification of glycans conjugated to gold nanoparticles and should facilitate its biomedical applications, including studies of multivalent receptor‐glycan interaction, cell targeting and sorting, and immunization. Overall, this work provides an effective approach to synthesize and characterize nanoparticles conjugates.
Synthetic investigations of the diisocyanide‐bridged Cp*‐cobalt rectangles
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Chang , Chu Yu‐Ting , Huang Yen‐Chung , Chang Yu‐Lun , Ding Shangwu , Hsu Sodio C. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores the utilization of 1,4‐diisocyanobenzene as a linear bridging ligand for the assembly of organometallic CpCo or Cp*Co complexes. Overcoming solubility challenges, the synthesis of organometallic Cp* cobalt complexes incorporating bridging 1,4‐diisocyanobenzene ligands was successfully achieved, while similar CpCo complexes were not attainable. The presented approach encompasses investigations into both stepwise and self‐assembly synthetic pathways, leading to the construction of a rectangular tetranuclear complex [(Cp*CoI)4(μ‐1,4‐CNC6H4NC)4](OTf)4 (3). Through single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques such as infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry, the cobalt‐isocyanides complexes were characterized.
A Real‐World Pharmacovigilance Study of Ceftazidime/Avibactam: Data Mining of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System Database
Authors: Yao Haiping , Wang Yanyan , Peng Yan , Huang Zhixiong , Gan Guoping , Wang Zhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCeftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) is a combination of a well‐known third‐generation, broad‐spectrum cephalosporin with a new beta‐lactamase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of various infectious diseases (especially multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infections) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The current study extensively assessed CAZ/AVI‐related adverse events (AEs) in the real world through data mining of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database to better understand toxicities. The signals of CAZ/AVI‐related AEs were quantified using disproportionality analyses, including the reporting odds ratio, the proportional reporting ratio, the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network, and the multi‐item gamma Poisson shrinker algorithms. Out of 10,114,815 records retrieved from the FAERS database, 628 cases were identified, where CAZ/AVI was implicated as the primary suspect drug. A total of 61 preferred terms with significant disproportionality that simultaneously met the criteria of all four algorithms were retained. Several unexpected safety signals may also occur, including melena, hypernatremia, depressed level of consciousness, brain edema, petechiae, delirium, and shock hemorrhagic. The median onset time for AEs associated with CAZ/AVI was 4 days, with most cases occurring within 3 days after CAZ/AVI initiation.
Hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma exhibits distinct intratumoral microbiota and immune microenvironment signatures
Authors: Liu Yuanjie , Kim Elena S. , Guo Haitao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence supports a high prevalence of cancer type‐specific microbiota residing within tumor tissues. The intratumoral microbiome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in viral (hepatitis B virus [HBV]/hepatitis C virus [HCV]) HCC, has not been well characterized for their existence, composition, distribution, and biological functions. We report herein a finding of specific microbial signature in viral HCC as compared to non‐HBV/non‐HCV (NBNC) HCC. However, the significantly diverse tumor microbiome was only observed in HBV‐related HCC, and Cutibacterium was identified as the representative taxa biomarker. Biological function of the unique tumor microbiota in modulating tumor microenvironment (TME) was characterized by using formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue‐based multiplex immunofluorescence histochemistry (mIFH) allowing simultaneous in situ detection of the liver cancer cells surrounded with high/low density of microbiota, and the infiltrating immune cells. In HBV_HCC, the intratumoral microbiota are positively associated with increased tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T lymphocytes, but not the CD56+ NK cells. Two subtypes of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs): monocytic MDSCs and polymorphonuclear MDSCs, were also found to be positively correlated with the intratumoral microbiota in HBV_HCC, indicating an inhibitory role of these microbial species in antitumor immunity and the contribution to the liver TME in combination of chronic viral hepatitis during HCC development.
Regional healing trajectory of the patellar tendon after bone‐patellar tendon‐bone autograft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ito Naoaki , Sigurðsson Haraldur B. , Cortes Daniel H. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn , Silbernagel Karin Grävare 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGraft site morbidities after bone‐patellar tendon‐bone (BPTB) autograft harvest for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) negatively impacts rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to establish tendon structural properties 1‐month after BPTB autograft harvest compared to the uninvolved patellar tendon, and subsequently to quantify the healing trajectory of the patellar tendon over the course of rehabilitation. Patellar tendon morphology (ultrasound) and mechanical properties (continuous shear wave elastography) from 3 regions of the tendon (medial, lateral, central) were measured in 34 participants at 1 month, 3−4 months, and 6−9 months after ACLR. Mixed models were used to compare tendon structure between limbs at 1 month, and quantify healing over 3 timepoints. The involved patellar tendon had increased cross‐sectional area and thickness in all regions 1‐month after ACLR. Thickness reduced uniformly over time. Possible tendon elongation was observed and remained stable over time. Tendon viscosity was uniform across the three regions in the involved limb while the medial region had higher viscosity in the uninvolved limb, and shear modulus was elevated in all three regions at 1 month. Viscosity and shear modulus in only the central region reduced over time. Statement of Clinical Significance: The entire patellar tendon, and not just the central third, is altered after graft harvest. Tendon structure starts to normalize over time, but alterations remain especially in the central third at the time athletes are returning to sport. Early rehabilitation consisting of tendon loading protocols may be necessary to optimize biologic healing at the graft site tendon.
Effect of robotic gait training on muscle and bone characteristics in spinal cord transected rats
Authors: LeBlanc Michele , Soucy Michael , Moustafa‐Bayoumi Moustafa , Soto Dalziel , Nessler Jeff 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis and loss of muscle mass are secondary issues with spinal cord injury. Robotic gait training has provided evidence of increasing bone density and muscle mass, but its effect on bone strength is undetermined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 6‐week robotic locomotion training program on skeletal muscle mass and bone characteristics. Twelve female Sprague‐Dawley rats received a mid‐thoracic spinal cord transection at 5 days old and at 3 weeks old were assigned to a Control or Trained Group. The Trained Group performed 5‐min sessions on the Rat Stepper 5 days a week for 6 weeks with 90% of body weight supported. At the end of the 6 weeks, body mass was obtained and right femurs and four lower extremity muscles were harvested. Femur bone mineral density was measured with DXA and mechanical characteristics of the femur were determined via 3‐point bending testing. Independent t‐tests, effects sizes and percent differences were computed between the two groups (p < 0.05). The Trained Group had significantly larger normalized femur mass (p = 0.007) and normalized soleus muscle mass (p = 0.033) when compared to the Control Group. There was a medium or large effect size with the Trained Groups' femurs having larger mass, bone mineral density, rupture loads, cortical wall thickness, shaft cross sectional area, soleus mass, normalized gastrocnemius mass, and smaller shaft inner diameters compared to the Control Group. These changes may contribute to decreasing osteoporosis and fracture risk in those with spinal cord injuries.