bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASPIRE: Iterative amortized posterior inference for Bayesian inverse problems
Authors: Orozco Rafael , Siahkoohi Ali , Louboutin Mathias , Herrmann Felix 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to their uncertainty quantification, Bayesian solutions to inverse problems are the framework of choice in applications that are risk averse. These benefits come at the cost of computations that are in general, intractable. New advances in machine learning and variational inference (VI) have lowered this computational barrier by leveraging data-driven learning. Two VI paradigms have emerged that represent different tradeoffs: amortized and non-amortized. Amortized VI can produce fast results but due to generalizing to many observed datasets it produces suboptimal inference results. Non-amortized VI is slower at inference but finds better posterior approximations since it is specialized towards a single observed dataset. Current amortized VI techniques run into a sub-optimality wall that can not be improved without more expressive neural networks or extra training data. We present a solution that enables iterative improvement of amortized posteriors that uses the same networks architectures and training data. The benefits of our method requires extra computations but these remain frugal since they are based on physics-hybrid methods and summary statistics. Importantly, these computations remain mostly offline thus our method maintains cheap and reusable online evaluation while bridging the optimality gap between these two paradigms. We denote our proposed method ASPIRE - Amortized posteriors with Summaries that are Physics-based and Iteratively REfined. We first validate our method on a stylized problem with a known posterior then demonstrate its practical use on a high-dimensional and nonlinear transcranial medical imaging problem with ultrasound. Compared with the baseline and previous methods in the literature, ASPIRE stands out as an computationally efficient and high-fidelity method for posterior inference.
Calculations of positron scattering and annihilation from H-like ions
Authors: Mori Nicolas Antonio , Fursa Dmitry V , Bray Igor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The single-center convergent close-coupling (CCC) method is utilized to calculate positron scattering from H-like ions from He+. to F8+. Results for the normalized annihilation rate (Zeff) and the electron-loss, elastic, and bound-state excitation cross sections are obtained for energies up to 10 keV. Excellent agreement is found between present and previous theoretical Zeff results for He+, Li2+, B4+, and F8+. As there is no previous work for the remaining cross sections the results for electron-loss are presented alongside previous theory and experiment for incident electrons. The differences between these cross sections give an insight to the impact of the projectile charge on scattering from highly-charged ions.&#xD;
Galactic gas models strongly affect the determination of the diffusive halo height
Authors: Luque Pedro De La Torre , Linden Tim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The height of the Milky Way diffusion halo, above which cosmic-rays can freely escape the galaxy, is among the most critical, yet poorly known, parameters in cosmic-ray physics. Measurements of radioactive secondaries, such as 10Be or 26Al, which decay equivalently throughout the diffusive volume, are expected to provide the strongest constraints. This has motivated significant observational work to constrain their isotopic ratios, along with theoretical work to constrain the cross-section uncertainties that are thought to dominate radioactive secondary fluxes. In this work, we show that the imprecise modelling of the Milky Way spiral arms significantly affects our ability to translate 10Be and 26Al fluxes into constraints on the diffusive halo height, biasing our current results. Utilizing state-of-the-art spiral arms models we produce new predictions for the 10Be and 26Al fluxes that motivate upcoming measurements by AMS-02 and HELIX.
Numerical analysis of melting domain walls and their gravitational waves
Authors: Dankovsky I. , Ramazanov S. , Babichev E. , Gorbunov D. , Vikman A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study domain walls (DWs) arising in field theories where Z
2-symmetry is spontaneously broken by a scalar expectation value decreasing
proportionally to the Universe temperature. The energy density of such melting DWs redshifts sufficiently fast not to overclose the Universe.
For the first time, evolution of melting DWs and the resulting gravitational waves (GWs) is investigated numerically using lattice simulations. We show that formation of closed melting DWs during radiation domination is much more efficient compared to the scenario with constant tension DWs. This suggests that it can be the main mechanism responsible for reaching the scaling regime similarly to the case of cosmic strings. However, the scaling behaviour of
melting DWs is observed, provided only that the initial scalar field fluctuations are not very large. Otherwise, simulations reveal violation of the scaling law, potentially of the non-physical origin. The spectrum of GWs emitted by melting DWs is also significantly different from that of constant tension DWs. Whether the system has reached scaling or not, the numerical study reveals a GW spectrum described in the infrared by the spectral index n ≈ 1.6 followed by the causality tail. We attribute the difference from the value n = 2 predicted in our previous studies to a finite lifetime of the DW network. Notably, the updated index is still in excellent agreement with the recent findings by pulsar timing arrays, which confirms that melting DWs can be responsible for the observed (GW) signal. We also point out that results for evolution of melting DWs in the radiation-dominated Universe are applicable to constant tension DW evolution in the flat spacetime.
Imprints of black hole charge on the precessing jet nozzle of M87*
Authors: Meng Xiang-Cheng , Wang Chao-Hui , Wei Shao-Wen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The observed jet precession period of approximately 11 years for M87* strongly suggests the presence of a supermassive rotating black hole with a tilted accretion disk at the center of the galaxy. By modeling the motion of the tilted accretion disk particle with the spherical orbits around a Kerr-Newman black hole, we study the effect of charge on the observation of the precession period, thereby exploring the potential of this strong-gravity observation in constraining multiple black hole parameters. First, using the Hamiltonian formalism, we derive the equations of motion for spherical orbits, along with the general forms of energy and angular momentum, in the general stationary axisymmetric black hole spacetime. Subsequently, taking the Kerr-Newman black hole as a specific example, we study the effect of charge on spherical orbits and find that the precession period increases with increasing charge. Furthermore, incorporating the constraints of EHT on the black hole charge, we utilize the observed M87* jet precession period to constrain the relationship between the spin, charge, and warp radius, specifically detailing the correlations between each pair of these three quantities. To further refine constraints on the charge, we explore the negative correlation between the maximum warp radius and charge. A significant result shows that the gap between the maximum warp radius of the prograde and retrograde disk decrease with the black hole charge. If the warp radius is provided by other observations, different constraints on the charge can be derived for the prograde and retrograde cases. Finally, we investigate the size of the inner disk. By making use of current observations, our study reveals that the size of the inner disk increases with the charge and spin, and the prograde disk is always larger than the retrograde one. These results provide significant effects of charge in the physics around M87*.
Investigation of heavy particle radioactivity and spontaneous fission of even-Z superheavy nuclei*
Authors: Sandhu Kirandeep , Kaur Gurjit , Sharma Manoj K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The preformed cluster model (PCM) is applied to investigate the heavy particle radioactivity (HPR) and spontaneous fission (SF) processes for even-Z superheavy nuclear systems. Different proximity potentials are used to calculate the decay half-lives of

nuclei. The fragmentation potential and preformation distribution suggest that SF is the major contributor up to

, and HPR starts competing for heavier nuclei. The heavy cluster emission is supported by Pb-magicity, whereas SF is reinforced owing to the deformations of fission fragments. The heavy cluster decay half-lives (log

TC
) are calculated using the PCM and are compared with the estimates of the analytical super asymmetric fission (ASAF) model. The calculated log

TC
values agree well with the ASAF measurements when using the Prox-00 and Mod Prox-00 versions of potentials. However, Prox-77, Prox-88, and Prox-BW-91 are not appropriate to address the log

TC
for

nuclei. To resolve this, we include Z-dependence in the radius parameters. Interestingly, the half-lives match the ASAF data after the inclusion of Z-dependence. The branching ratios are also calculated for superheavy nuclei and compared with the estimates of unified description (UD) formula, universal curve (UNIV), universal decay law (UDL), Horoi formula, and ASAF measurements. Furthermore, the SF half-lives (

) of

Cn,

Cn,

Fl, and

Fl superheavy nuclei are estimated through various proximity potentials. Among them, Prox-00 is appropriate for addressing the experimental data. Using this potential, the SF half-lives are estimated through the PCM for

isotopes at different neck-length parameters. Finally, the scaled total kinetic energy (TKE) values are compared with the available data.
Benchmarking of CST and Trak in the simulation of an electron gun for a future C6+ ion source
Authors: Etxebarria J. , Moreno G. , Obradors D. , Oliver C. , Pikin A. , Battaglia C. , Carmona J.M. , Tato A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study benchmarks the CST Studio Suite and Trak codes in simulating an electron gun for a future C6+ hadrontherapy installation. CST Studio Suite offers 3D simulation capabilities, allowing detailed modelling of complex geometries and electromagnetic fields. Trak, on the other hand, offers efficient 2D simulations, which can significantly reduce computational time while still providing valuable results.

These studies are being conducted in the framework of a project dedicated to the design of the initial stage of a C6+ hadrontherapy linac. The electron gun studied is based on the MEDeGUN developed at CERN. This study provides an overview of the results obtained so far and outlines plans for future improvements and development.
Clinical Indicator Analysis
Authors: Zhu Fu-Kuan , Gao Ding-Zhi , Xiang Feng , Hu Hao , Wen Ya-Feng , Deng Zhong-Liang , Wu Yuan-Yuan , Niu Yu-Tian , Chu Lei , Sheng Xiao-Min , Shi Lei 
Published: February 2025

Study Design.
Retrospective case-control study.

Objective.
To examine the differences in various clinical indicators between Kümmell’s disease (KD) and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF), in order to assist in the diagnosis of KD and provide a foundation for further analysis of its risk factors.

Summary of Background Data.
The mechanisms underlying the progression of OVCF to KD remain unclear, and research analyzing the indicators between the two conditions is still limited.

Patients and Methods.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 21 males and 59 females patients diagnosed with KD, among those admitted for OVCF at our hospital from January 2018 to January 2023. We defined all KD patients as the kümmell group (K group). In the same period, we randomly selected 71 males and 301 females patients with OVCF as OVCF group (O group). We conducted statistical descriptions and analyses comparing both groups based on sex, bone density, age, serum calcium, serum phosphorus, endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin, (1, 25-(OH)2 D3), calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), N-mid osteocalcin (N-MID-OT), β-isomerized C-terminal telopeptides (β-CTX), procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), body mass index (BMI), history of fragility fracture (HFF), hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease.

Results.
We found that the albumin level in K group (P<0.001) was significantly lower than that in the O group, and the serum phosphorus (P=0.002), PTH (P=0.037), and HFF (P<0.001) in K group were significantly higher than those in the O group.

Conclusion.
Patients with KD have lower albumin levels, higher blood phosphorus levels and PTH, and a greater likelihood of a HFF compared to those with OVCF. If patients with low back pain exhibit these issues, timely medical attention is essential to rule out OVCF and prevent its progression to KD.
Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Nivolumab Anti-cancer Therapy
Authors: Qureshi Zaheer , Zaheer Zaofashan , Asghar Zoha , Bakhtiar Muhammad , Fatima Eeshal , Altaf Faryal 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) upregulate host antitumor immunity, proving efficacy across diverse tumor types. Currently approved ICI treatment primarily targets the programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Nivolumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets the human PD-1 receptor and is an entirely human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4), approved by the FDA for various cancers like advanced melanoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and advanced lung carcinoma. This review will summarise and discuss the recent literature on cardiotoxicity associated with nivolumab therapy.

Methods:
We searched online databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase for articles related to Nivolumab.

Results:
Cardiotoxicity with ICI use is most commonly represented as myocarditis. Patients present with complaints of shortness of breath, palpitations, edema, and fatigue. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome, is characterized by systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, mimicking a myocardial infarction but without associated coronary ischemia and with minimal elevation of cardiac enzymes. In the CHECKMATE-037 trial, ventricular arrhythmias occurred in <10% of those who received nivolumab. In a retrospective analysis of patients treated with ICI (predominantly nivolumab monotherapy) for lung cancer, 11% of the patients developed major adverse cardiac events, including myocarditis, non-ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction, supraventricular tachycardia, and pericardial disorders.

Conclusion:
Close collaboration between cardiology and oncology specialists is crucial for early detection and effective management of cardiac complications, enhancing the safety of nivolumab anticancer therapy.
Impact of Minimal Residual Diseases Status and Depth of Response on Survival Outcomes in Blinatumomab-Treated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jamil Abdur , Qureshi Zaheer , Riaz Rida , Akram Hamzah , Jamil Rohma , Kichloo Asim , Selene Insija Ilyas 
Published: February 2025

Objectives:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common hematological malignancy that occurs due to blockage of B-lymphocyte maturation at an early stage of development and differentiation. The Food and Drug Administration approved blinotumomab to manage relapsed/refractory ALL (R/R ALL). This review aimed to determine the comparative efficacy of blinatumomab in treating R/R ALL.

Methods:
Two reviewers searched 3 electronic databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CENTRAL, for all relevant articles published until July 2024. All the articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review.

Results:
Four hundred thirty-seven articles were found from the electronic search; however, only 21 articles met the inclusion criteria. A pooled analysis of the outcomes found that blinatumomab resulted in an improvement in both the OS (HR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.82; P=0.0003) and the DFS (HR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.80; P=0.001). Further analysis showed that the CR rate and MRD response of ALL patients to blinatumomab was 51.6% (95% CI: 48.5%, 54.6%; P=0.319) and 64.6% (95% CI: 53.4%, 74.3%; P=0.011), respectively. The safety analysis indicated that the incidence of serious AEs was comparable in patients receiving blinotumomab and those receiving standard chemotherapy (OR: 1.34; 95% CI; 0.91, 1.97; P=0.14).

Conclusions:
The findings show that blinatumomab is superior to standard chemotherapy in improving the OS and DFS of patients with R/R ALL. Furthermore, it has a more favorable safety profile, making it an effective alternative to conventional chemotherapy for managing R/R ALL.
From Scalp Flaps to Follicular Units: A Historical Perspective on Hair Transplantation Techniques
Authors: Moeckel Camille , Chacharidakis Georgios , Balasis Stavros , Queen Dawn , Avram Marc R. , Panagiotopoulou Gianna 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Hair has long held cultural and psychosocial significance, symbolizing health, status, and identity. Hair loss impacts quality of life, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. While treatments like minoxidil and finasteride exist, they often yield limited results. Hair transplantation (HT), first demonstrated by Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach in 1822, has evolved into the most effective hair restoration method. Since its inception in 1975, Dermatologic Surgery has been a main source for groundbreaking publications from major players in the field, while also playing a pivotal role in documenting the history of HT.

OBJECTIVE
This mini review examines the historical evolution of HT techniques over the past 200 years, highlighting their advantages and limitations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar with the term “hair transplantation techniques.” Relevant sources were reviewed to extract information on technique development and historical origins.

RESULTS
Key pioneers such as Dieffenbach, Menahem Hodara, and Shoji Okuda laid the groundwork for modern HT. Milestones include punch grafting, follicular unit transplantation (FUT), and follicular unit extraction (FUE). FUT emphasized natural follicular grouping, while FUE introduced minimally invasive methods with faster recovery and better aesthetics. Recent advancements include robotic-assisted procedures and bioengineered follicles, reflecting a shift toward precision and patient-centered care.

CONCLUSION
The continuous evolution of HT techniques underscores its position as the most effective method for hair restoration, particularly in androgenetic alopecia cases.
Integrative transcriptome profiling elucidates molecular and immunovascular characteristics of macrotrabecular hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Taniai Tomohiko , Shimada Shu , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Hatano Megumi , Yasukawa Koya , Igarashi Yosuke , Tsukihara Shu , Tanji Yoshiaki , Kodera Keita , Okazaki Kohei , Haruki Koichiro , Nara Atsushi , Yagi Kohei , Akahoshi Keiichi , Ban Daisuke , Asahina Yasuhiro , Ikegami Toru , Tanabe Minoru , Tanaka Shinji 
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have enabled us to clarify gene regulatory networks and immune cell compositions. In this study, integration of large-scale bulk and single-cell datasets refined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) classification and shed light on the characteristics of its aggressive subtype.

Approach and Results:
Single-cell analysis of 228,564 live cells from six scRNA-seq datasets identified five major clusters of HCC cells with high mitotic activity (Cluster 1), activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling (Cluster 2), elevated glycolysis (Cluster 3) and lipogenesis (Clusters 4 and 5). Aggressive HCC subtype defined in bulk RNA-seq analysis of 691 tumor samples comprised a combination of Cluster 1 with Clusters 3, 4 or 5. Gene regulatory network analysis and gene set enrichment analysis highlighted the essential roles of p53 and MYC in aggressive HCC/Cluster 1, and cell composition analysis elucidated T cell depletion as an immune resistance mechanism. In a syngeneic mouse model, Trp53 knockout and MYC overexpression caused highly mitotic, tumorigenic and metastatic phenotypes, characterized by a macrotrabecular (MT) pattern, vascular encapsulation (VE) and T cell exclusion. Angiogenesis inhibition disrupted MT/VE formation, resulting in T cell recruitment, and its combination with immune checkpoint blockade achieved remission.

Conclusions:
Single-cell analysis has deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanism and tumor microenvironment in aggressive HCC. The combination of targeting tumor vasculature and blocking immune checkpoints represents a promising therapeutic strategy for this subtype.
Day-to-day blood pressure variability in older persons – optimizing measurement
Authors: Palsma Tanya , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. , Richard Edo , De Heus Rianne A.A. 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Higher blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes but lack of standardized methodology hampers clinical translation. Day-to-day BPV seems most promising for an older population, especially those with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine the optimal number of measurements for obtaining day-to-day BPV in this population.

Methods:
We included 127 patients attending the geriatric outpatient memory clinic, who measured blood pressure for seven days, morning and evening. Blood pressure measurements of day one were discarded and the coefficient of variation was calculated to assess BPV. Concordance between 7-day BPV (CV7days) and a reduced number of measurement days (CV6days – CV3days) was analysed with Bland–Altman plots, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and an a priori determined threshold of a 95% confidence interval (CI) with a lower bound of 0.75.

Results:
The mean age was 74.6 ± 8.6 years, 49% were female, and had dementia or mild cognitive impairment in 37% and 33% respectively. Reducing the number of measurement days resulted in wider limits of agreement. Concordance decreased when reducing measurement days and reached our predefined threshold with four measurement days (ICC = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.87 – 0.93). BPV derived from five measurement days showed a similar relationship with diagnosis as our reference BPV value obtained with seven days.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that systolic home blood pressure should be measured in the morning and evening for at least five consecutive days in duplicate to obtain reliable day-to-day BPV values in older adults with cognitive complaints.