bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental expression of α4 protein phosphatase regulatory subunit in tissues affected by Opitz syndrome
Authors: Everett Allen D. , Brautigan David L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMutations in the Mid1 gene are responsible for X‐linked Opitz syndrome, characterized by midline defects of the brain, face, heart, and trachea. The regulatory subunit α4 binds protein phosphatase 2A to Mid1 and promotes Mid1 dephosphorylation, in opposition to MAP kinase. To examine the relationship between α4 expression and human defects in Opitz syndrome, developmental expression of α4 in embryonic day (E) 8–E16 mouse embryos was mapped by immunohistochemistry. At E10, α4 was first detected only in the heart. At E11, α4 was expressed in epithelium of the mandibular and maxillary arches and in specific subsets of mesenchymal cells within the arches. The fetal heart and brain also highly expressed α4. At E16, α4 expression broadened to include the heart, brain, skeletal muscle, and tracheal and esophageal epithelium but not smooth muscle. Consistent with immunolocalization in embryos, Western immunoblotting of adult rabbit tissues demonstrated high levels of α4 expression in brain, heart, lung, liver, and skeletal muscle with low expression in kidney, uterus, and intestine. Expression in slow type I skeletal muscle was much higher than in fast type II muscle. By using double immunohistochemical staining, α4 was coexpressed in mouse skeletal muscle cells containing slow type myosin. Expression of α4 overlaps with the tissue defects in Opitz syndrome. The α4 gene lies in the linkage interval for FG syndrome, characterized by skeletal muscle and brain defects that coincide closely to the expression pattern of α4. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of relapse following successful dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder
Authors: Safer Debra L. , Lively Teresa J. , Telch Christy F. , Agras W. Stewart 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo identify predictors of relapse at 6‐month follow‐up for women with binge eating disorder (BED).MethodParticipants were 32 women with BED who had initially achieved abstinence from binge eating after 20 weeks of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) adapted for patients with BED. Posttreatment predictor variables included the subscales Restraint, Weight Concerns, and Shape Concerns from the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE), the Emotional Eating Scale score, the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, body mass index, and early versus late age of binge eating onset.ResultsThe largest effect sizes for predicting relapse were found with early onset of binge eating and higher EDE Restraint scores.DiscussionPrevious findings that earlier age of onset (age 16 years or younger) is linked to less successful treatment outcome are now extended to the 6‐month follow‐up assessment. The finding that higher restraint scores after treatment predict relapse adds to the literature concerning the role of restraint in patients with BED. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 155–163, 2002.
High‐caloric supplements in anorexia treatment
Authors: Imbierowicz Katrin , Braks Karsten , Jacoby Georg E. , Geiser Franziska , Conrad Rupert , Schilling Guntram , Liedtke Reinhard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study compares weight gain and therapy duration in two groups of patients with anorexia nervosa, the first receiving a normal diet aimed at promoting weight gain, the second receiving high‐caloric supplements in addition to this normal diet. The study includes patients from two clinics with comparable psychotherapeutic treatment settings except for the substitution.MethodsEighty‐four patients were examined. Of these, 29 patients with substitution were compared with 29 patients without substitution. In addition, 13 patients without substitution from the first clinic were compared with 13 patients without substitution from the second clinic to exclude potential differences between the two institutions independent of the substitution.ResultsSubstitution leads to more rapid weight gain, to greater weight on discharge, and to shorter therapy duration. Differences could be observed between patients severely or less severely underweight on admission and between patients with restrictive or bulimic anorexia.ConclusionWithin the framework of inpatient psychosomatic treatment involving a psychotherapeutic treatment setting, substitution facilitates weight gain. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 135–145, 2002.
Numerical calculation of human‐body capacitance by surface charge method
Authors: Fujiwara Osamu , Ikawa Takanori 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTransient electromagnetic noise generated by ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) is considered to cause serious electromagnetic interference to high‐tech devices. One of the main causes of this ESD is known to be charging of the human body. Hence, the static capacitance of the human body, which is deeply related to the human body potential, has been measured. However, the body capacitance is strongly dependent on the relationship between the ground plane and the body posture. It is therefore not clear what factors govern the body capacitance. In this paper, the static capacitance of a body standing on a ground plane is calculated by means of the surface charge method. The human body consists of polyhedra in the calculation. In this paper, three types of polyhedra, with 765, 917, and 1529 surfaces, are used. It is found that the capacitance increases as the backs of the soles of the shoes approach the ground plane, that the body capacitance at the same height (10 mm) as the soles of the shoes is 120 to 130 pF, and that it is about 60 pF if the location of the soles is sufficiently high. The computational findings are confirmed by measurement of the body capacitance. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 38–44, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10025
Image restoration by the family of M‐N‐norm parametric projection filters
Authors: Tanaka Akira , Imai Hideyuki , Miyakoshi Masaaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn image restoration, if knowledge about the unknown original image could be used, reflecting that knowledge in the restoration process would enable effective restoration. However, in statistical image restoration that employs the family of projection filters or the family of parametric projection filters, the knowledge cannot be information other than information that limits the range in which the original image belongs to a linear subspace and limits the spatial measures to decisions based on the variance structure of the image population. We propose a family of signal‐adaptive parametric projection filters that introduces knowledge about the image that should solve this problem in the form of Pareto optimization. In this paper, we construct a family of filters that can reflect knowledge about the image in the spatial measures as a new approach. We also present an example illustrating the construction of the measures and prove the effectiveness of these filters through numerical examples. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 9–17, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10008
Performance analysis of a Fourier coefficient estimation method using IIR‐BPFs and an LMS algorithm and improvement of its performance
Authors: Kudoh Norimasa , Tadokoro Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn many areas, it is extremely important to accurately estimate the amplitude and phase of a signal even if the frequency contained in the signal to be analyzed is known. For cases in which the signal frequencies to be analyzed are in a nonharmonic relation and white noise and interference are superposed on the signal, a method (BPLMS method) combining the IIR type BPF and the LMS algorithm has been proposed to derive the Fourier coefficients of the signal components accurately. In the present paper, in order to investigate a method of improving the BPLMS method, an approximate equation for the estimated accuracy is derived. Also, the validity of the approximate equation is confirmed by computer simulations under various conditions. As a result of the approximate analysis, it is shown that the normalized frequency difference between the signal and the interference can be increased by combining a downsampling process so that the estimation accuracy can be improved. Finally, by simulation, the proposed method and the BPLMS method are compared in terms of estimation accuracy. An example of application to the pitch estimation of musical sounds is given. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 19‐28, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10010
Evaluation of the autonomic nervous activity during parabolic flight by pupillary flash response
Authors: Yamaji Kazutsuna , Hirata Yutaka , Usui Shiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEvaluating the modulations of the autonomic nervous activity occurring due to gravity changes is an important task in space medicine. In this paper, results of evaluating the autonomic nervous activity in the states of hypergravity (excessive gravity) and hypogravity (very little gravity) during a parabolic flight of an aircraft are reported. A noninvasive pupil monitoring method proposed by the authors has been adopted in evaluating the autonomic nervous activity. This method allows evaluating the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities independently by simple experimental and data processing. In these experiments, only the simple parasympathetic nervous activities are evaluated by experimental protocols, and then the activities of the two nervous systems were simultaneously evaluated after verifying that stable data can be obtained via the experiments. Three males participated in the first experiment and one male in the second experiment. The results of the two experiments suggest that parasympathetic nervous activity is inhibited in one of the three subjects in the state of hypergravity and in all subjects in the state of hypogravity. On the other hand, there are no changes in the state of hypergravity and slight increases in the state of hypogravity in the sympathetic nervous activity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(11): 56–64, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10054
Local balance of electron energy gain and loss in SST condition
Authors: Takeda Akihide , Ikuta Nobuaki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractSpatially resolved steady state (SST) transport properties of electrons in Ne including the electron flux and the energy flow under a high reduced electric field E/N of 300 Td are investigated with the numerical data obtained by SST‐FTI method. It is confirmed that the local net energy gain is always the same as the sum of the local energy loss and the divergence of energy flow. That is, the local conservation of energy and the continuity of energy flow are both explicitly verified. The features of SST and PT (pulsed Townsend) transport properties in conservative and nonconservative conditions for the electron number are also discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 140(4): 1–8, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10000
Persuasive constraint and expert versus non‐expert influence in intention to quit smoking
Authors: Falomir‐Pichastor Juan Manuel , Butera Fabrizio , Mugny Gabriel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a 2 × 2 design, after listing important personal reasons for smoking, 70 smokers were randomly told either that they had sufficient reasons for smoking (low internal constraint to change) or that they did not have sufficient reasons (high internal constraint to change) and were exposed to an anti‐smoking message from a source with either expert (high external constraint to change) or non‐expert (low external constraint to change) status. The main dependent variable was change in intention to give up smoking. The analyses revealed the predicted interaction between external and internal constraint: High internal constraint increased non‐expert influence but not expert influence. Supplementary analysis showed that, when internal constraint was high, non‐expert influence was related to the perceived quality of the message whereas when internal constraint was low, expert influence was related to the source's perceived motivation to inform, i.e. rather than to convince. These results were predicted on the basis of the link that targets establish in social influence settings between constraints to change that are internal (i.e. related to their personal beliefs, feelings or attitudes) and those that are external (i.e. related to the characteristics of the persuasive communication such as the status of the source). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between acculturation strategies, relative fit and intergroup relations: immigrant‐majority relations in Germany
Authors: Zagefka Hanna , Brown Rupert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study examined the impact of the acculturation strategy preferences of both immigrants and host society on intergroup relations. It was expected that integration would lead to the best outcome for both groups. Moreover, it was tested whether the relative ‘fit’ between host society and immigrant strategy preference would predict intergroup relations. The predictive power of two different operationalisations of fit was compared. School students (193 German host society members and 128 immigrants to Germany) participated in a questionnaire study. Findings revealed that both acculturation strategies of one group and relative ‘fit’ between immigrant and host society strategy preference were predictive of intergroup relations. In general, a strategy of integration was associated with more favourable intergroup relations in both groups, and a mismatch between host and immigrant preferred strategies yielded the most negative outcomes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetrical impact: vigilance for differences and self‐relevant stimuli
Authors: Olson James M. , Janes Leslie M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe hypothesized that people are ‘vigilant’ for differences between stimuli. In particular, we compared the reactions elicited by unexpected differences versus unexpected similarities. Participants imagined themselves in several situations where they learned something unexpected. This unexpected information showed either that two things previously thought to be similar were actually different or that two things previously thought to be different were actually similar. Also, the new information was either beneficial, neutral, or detrimental to the perceiver. Participants indicated for each situation how surprised they would be and how they would feel. Unexpected differences were rated as more surprising than unexpected similarities for positive and negative events, though not for neutral events. Participants also reported that beneficial differences would produce more positive affect than beneficial similarities, whereas detrimental differences would produce more negative affect than detrimental similarities. These findings support the asymmetrical impact hypothesis that differences have more psychological impact than similarities. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Smiling and self‐presentation of men and women for job photographs
Authors: Vrugt Anneke , Van Eechoud Marieke 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present research studied the factors that influence the smiling behaviour of men and women. We assumed that men and women who actively engage in self‐presentation use smiling as a strategy to take advantage of the expectations of others in order to realize their own goals. In the research situation, the participants imagined that they wanted to obtain a certain part‐time job. We expected that gender‐role expectations, the gender‐typing and status of the job in question, and the importance of social contacts for carrying out the job would influence the extent to which men and women would smile for a photo to be sent with a job application. The results partly support this expectation: men and women smiled more in response to a low‐status job than to a high‐status job; women smiled more in response to a job in which social contacts are important than to a job in which social contacts are unimportant; and women smiled more than men in response to a feminine low‐status job in which social contacts are important. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoclastogenicity—an improved protocol, its validation, and investigation of the photogenotoxicity of DMBA
Authors: Murli H. , Aardema M. , Lawlor T. , Spicer C. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn improved protocol was developed to detect light‐induced clastogenic photoproducts in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Dishes (60 mm) containing cells and the test material or vehicle control in 3 mL of phosphate‐buffered saline were exposed to light using a SUNTEST CPS solar simulation unit. Importantly, cells were exposed at about 25 cm from the light source, thereby allowing a short exposure time of 2 min. With this exposure the assay was conducted with lids removed during the UV exposure with minimal risk of contamination. After preliminary experiments an exposure of 165.6 mJ/cm2 UVA: 17.0 mJ/cm2 UVB was selected for treatments with the different phototoxins. Under these exposure conditions about 10–15% aberrant cells were induced in vehicle control cultures with no or minimal cytotoxicity. The well‐known photoclastogens 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP) and chlorpromazine (CLZ) were tested. In agreement with published data, 8‐MOP and CLZ were clastogenic (lowest observed effect level, LOEL, was 0.0159 μg/mL and 1.03 μg/mL, respectively). In the absence of UV, 8‐MOP was clastogenic at a much higher concentration (LOEL 251 μg/mL without UV vs. 0.0159 μg/mL with UV) while CLZ was negative up to a toxic concentration of 35 μg/mL. 7,12‐Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), which is photomutagenic in bacteria, was clastogenic at ≥0.005 μg/mL with UV light (without S9) and at ≥2.53 μg/mL with S9 (without UV light). These results demonstrate the utility of the protocol for the detection of photoclastogenicity and expand the characterization of DMBA's photogenotoxic activity. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40:41–49, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and application of a fatty acid based microbial community structure similarity index
Authors: Werker Alan , Hall Eric 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents an index of similarity that has application in monitoring relative changes of complex microbial communities for the purpose of understanding the impact of community instability in biological wastewater treatment systems. Gas chromatographic data quantifying microbial fatty acid esters extracted from biosolids samples can be used to infer the occurrence of changes in mixed culture community structure. One approach to rapidly assess the relative dissimilarity between samples is to calculate a similarity index scaled between 0 and 1. The many arbitrary scales that are associated with the available calculation methods for similarity indices limits the extent of application. Therefore, a specialized index of similarity was derived from consideration of the measurement errors associated with the chromatographic data. The resultant calculation method provides a clear mechanism for calibrating the sensitivity of the similarity index, such that inherent measurement variability is accommodated and standardization of scaling is achieved. The similarity index sensitivity was calibrated with respect to an effective gas chromatographic peak coefficient of variation, and this calibration was particularly important for facilitating comparisons made between different systems or experiments. The proposed index of similarity was tested with data acquired from a recently completed study of contaminant removal from pulp mill wastewater. The results suggest that this index can be used as a screening tool to rapidly process microbial fatty acid (MFA) compositional data, with the objective of making preliminary identification of underlying trends in (MFA) community structure, over time or between experimental conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Active viscous damping system with amplifying braces for control of MDOF structures
Authors: Gluck J. , Ribakov Y. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe development and the applications of an active controlled viscous damping device with amplifying braces are described. The system of the dampers, defined as active viscous damping system (AVDS), connected to an amplifying brace (AB) is presented herein. Instantaneous control theory with velocity and acceleration feedback is used to obtain the control forces at each time step during an excitation. Control of the damping forces is possible due to the mechanical structure of the proposed AVDS, and the connection to the AB. The proposed system can be efficiently used to enhance the damping of a structure without modifying its stiffness. The added damping forces can be adjusted in a wide range. The efficiency of the presented system is demonstrated by a numerical simulation of a seven‐storey building subjected to earthquakes. The simulation shows a considerable reduction of control forces required for control to the AVDS with AB, compared to the same system without AB. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rare landform: Yerköprü travertine bridges in the Taurids Karst Range, Turkey
Authors: Bayari C. Serdar 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTwo examples of travertine bridges are observed at 8 to 15 m above stream level in the Lower Zamanti Basin, Eastern Taurids, Turkey. Yerköprü‐1 and Yerköprü‐2 bridges are currently being deposited from cool karstic groundwaters with log PCO2 > 10−2 atm. The surface area and the total volume of travertine in Yerköprü‐1 bridge are 4350 m2 and 40 000 m3, whereas the values for Yerköprü‐2 are 2250 m2 and 20 000 m3, respectively. The interplay of hydrogeological structure, local topography, calcite‐saturated hanging springs, algal activity and rapid downcutting in the streambed appear to have led to the formation of travertine bridges. Aeration through cascades and algal uptake causes efficient carbon dioxide evasion that enhances travertine formation. Algal curtains aid lateral development of travertine rims across the stream. Model calculations based on a hypothetical deposit in the form of a half‐pyramid implied that lateral development should have occurred from both banks of the stream in the Yerköprü‐1 bridge, whereas one‐sided growth has been sufficient for Yerköprü‐2. The height difference between travertine springs and the main stream appears to be a result of Pleistocene glaciation during which karstic base‐level lowering was either stopped or slowed down while downcutting in the main stream continued. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.