bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Larger biomass of targeted reef fish in no‐take marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Authors: Evans R.D. , Russ G.R. 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
An expansion of no‐take marine reserve zones of Australia's 348 000 km2 Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Marine Park from 4.6% to 33.4% of the park area is proposed in 2004. However, limited evidence currently exists that no‐take marine reserves on the GBR have increased abundance of reef fish targeted by fisheries. This study provides such evidence for inshore reefs of the GBR.
Underwater visual surveys were used to estimate the effect of no‐take reserves on abundance of species targeted by hook‐and‐line fisheries around the Palm, Whitsunday and Keppel Islands, spanning 600 km of the length of the GBR. The reserves had been zoned ‘no fishing’ for 14 yr.
Densities of Plectropomus spp. and Lutjanus carponotatus, both targeted by fisheries, were much higher in protected zones than fished zones in two of the three island groups. Plectropomus spp. were 3.6 and 2.3 times more abundant in protected than fished zones of the Palm and Whitsunday island groups. L. carponotatus were 2.3 and 2.2 times more abundant in protected zones than fished zones of the Whitsunday and Keppel island groups.
The biomasses of Plectropomus spp. and L. carponotatus were significantly greater (3.9 and 2.6 times respectively) in the protected zones than fished zones at all three island groups.
Legal minimum sizes of Plectropomus spp. and L. carponotatus are ⩾38 cm and 25 cm TL respectively. There were significantly higher densities and biomasses of Plectropomus spp. >35 cm TL (density: 3.8 times; biomass: 5.1 times) and L. carponotatus >25 cm TL (density: 4.2 times; biomass: 5.3 times) in protected zones than fished zones at all three island groups.
No significant difference in abundance between protected and fished zones was found for two species not captured by fisheries (Siganus doliatus and Chaetodon aureofasciatus), and there were no significant differences in benthic characteristics between protected and fished zones.
Results suggest that no‐take marine reserves have increased stock biomass of targeted fish species on inshore GBR reefs.
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromatographic determination of herbicide residues in various matrices
Authors: Cserháti Tibor , Forgács Esther , Deyl Zdenek , Miksik Ivan , Eckhardt Adam 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe newest results in the use of various extraction techniques and chromatographic methods such as gas–liquid and high‐performance liquid chromatography used for the assessment of herbicide residues in various matrices have been compiled and critically evaluated. Practical employments in water and soil research, environmental protection, clinical and food chemistry are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Characterisation of an Artificial DNA‐Binding Cytochrome
Authors: Jones D. Dafydd , Barker Paul D. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe aim to design novel proteins that link specific biochemical binding events, such as DNA recognition, with electron transfer functionality. We want these proteins to form the basis of new molecules that can be used for templated assembly of conducting cofactors or for thermodynamically linking DNA binding with cofactor chemistry for nanodevice applications. The first examples of our new proteins recruit the DNA‐binding basic helix region of the leucine zipper protein GCN4. This basic helix region was attached to the N and C termini of cytochrome b562 (cyt b562) to produce new, monomeric, multifunctional polypeptides. We have fully characterised the DNA and haem‐binding properties of these proteins, which is a prerequisite for future application of the new molecules. Attachment of a single basic helix of GCN4 to either the N or C terminus of the cytochrome does not result in specific DNA binding but the presence of DNA‐binding domains at both termini converts the cytochrome into a specific DNA‐binding protein. Upon binding haem, this chimeric protein attains the spectral characteristics of wild‐type cyt b562. The three forms of the protein, apo, oxidised holo and reduced holo, all bind the designed (ATGAcgATGA) target DNA sequence with a dissociation constant, KD, of approximately 90 nM. The protein has a lower affinity (KD ca. 370 nM) for the wild‐type GCN4 recognition sequence (ATGAcTCAT). The presence of only half the consensus DNA sequence (ATGAcgGGCC) shifts the KD value to more than 2500 nM and the chimera does not bind specifically to DNA sequences with no target recognition sites. Ultracentrifugation revealed that the holoprotein–DNA complex is formed with a 1:1 stoichiometry, which indicates that a higher‐order protein aggregate is not responsible for DNA binding. Mutagenesis of a loop linking helices 2 and 3 of the cytochrome results in a chimera with a haem‐dependent DNA binding affinity. This is the first demonstration that binding of a haem group to a designed monomeric protein can allosterically modulate the DNA binding affinity.
Enhanced Fructose Oxidase Activity in a Galactose Oxidase Variant
Authors: Deacon Sarah E. , Mahmoud Khaled , Spooner R. Kate , Firbank Susan J. , Knowles Peter F. , Phillips Simon E. V. , McPherson Michael J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGalactose oxidase (GO; EC 1.1.3.9) catalyses the oxidation of a wide range of primary alcohols including mono‐, oligo‐ and polysaccharides. High‐resolution structures have been determined for GO, but no structural information is available for the enzyme with bound substrate or inhibitor. Previously, computer‐aided docking experiments have been used to develop a plausible model for interactions between GO and the D‐galactose substrate. Residues implicated in such interactions include Arg330, Gln406, Phe464, Phe194 and Trp290. In the present study we describe an improved expression system for recombinant GO in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. We use this system to express variant proteins mutated at Arg330 and Phe464 to explore the substrate binding model. We also demonstrate that the Arg330 variants display greater fructose oxidase activity than does wild‐type GO.
Amplified Telomerase Analysis by Using Rotating Magnetic Particles: The Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Cancer Cells
Authors: Weizmann Yossi , Patolsky Fernando , Katz Eugenii , Willner Itamar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA highly sensitive telomerase detection method that involves amplified telomerase analysis and the use of rotating magnetic particles has been developed. Magnetic particles, functionalized with a primer (1) that is recognized by telomerase, are mixed with a nucleotide mixture that includes biotinylated‐dUTP, and telomerase‐induced elongation of the primers proceeds with simultaneous biotin incorporation. Avidin–Horseradish peroxidase conjugate, coupled to biotin labels, yields the biocatalytic functional particles. Mixing the resulting particles with naphthoquinone‐modified magnetic particles enables the optoelectronic detection of telomerase. Attraction of the magnetic particles to an electrode, followed by rotation of the particles, causes the electrocatalytic reduction of O2 to H2O2 and HRP‐catalyzed oxidation of luminol (3); this results in chemilumunescence. The intensity of the emitted light depends on the telomerase content of the sample and the rotation speed of the particles. A minimum number of 10 cancer cells could be detected.
Enantiocomplementary Enzymatic Resolution of the Chiral Auxiliary: cis,cis‐6‐(2,2‐Dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan‐1‐ol and the Molecular Basis for the High Enantioselectivity of Subtilisin Carlsberg
Authors: Mugford Paul F. , Lait Susan M. , Keay Brian A. , Kazlauskas Romas J. 
Published: July 2004

Abstractcis,cis‐(±)‐6‐(2,2‐Dimethylpropanamido)spiro[4.4]nonan‐1‐ol, 1, a chiral auxiliary for Diels–Alder additions, was resolved by enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding butyrate and acrylate esters. Subtilisin Carlsberg protease and bovine cholesterol esterase both showed high enantioselectivity in this process, but favored opposite enantiomers. Subtilisin Carlsberg favored esters of (1S,5S,6S)‐1, while bovine cholesterol esterase favored esters of (1R,5R,6R)‐1, consistent with the approximately mirror‐image arrangement of the active sites of subtilisins and lipases/esterases. A gram‐scale resolution of 1‐acrylate with subtilisin Carlsberg yielded (1S,5S,6S)‐1 (1.1 g, 46 % yield, 99 % ee) and (1R,5R,6R)‐1‐acrylate (1.3 g, 44 % yield, 99 % ee) although the reaction was slow. The high enantioselectivity combined with the conformational rigidity of the substrate made this an ideal example to identify the molecular basis of the enantioselectivity of subtilisin Carlsberg toward secondary alcohols. When modeled, the favored (1S,5S,6S) enantiomer adopted a catalytically productive conformation with two longer‐than‐expected hydrogen bonds, consistent with the slow reaction rate. The unfavored (1R,5R,6R) enantiomer encountered severe steric interactions with catalytically essential residues in the model. It either distorted the catalytic histidine position or encountered severe steric strain with Asn155, an oxyanion‐stabilizing residue.
Electronic Transduction of HIV‐1 Drug Resistance in AIDS Patients
Authors: Alfonta Lital , Blumenzweig Immanuel , Zayats Maya , Baraz Lea , Kotler Moshe , Willner Itamar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA drug composition consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) is commonly used in AIDS therapy. A major difficulty encountered with the therapeutic composite involves the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses, especially to the PIs, regarded as the most effective drugs in the composition. We present a novel bioelectronic means to detect the appearance of mutated HIV‐1 exhibiting drug resistance to the PI saquinavir. The method is based on the translation of viral RNA, the association of cleaved or uncleaved Gag polyproteins at an electrode surface functionalized with the respective antibodies, and the bioelectronic detection of the Gag polyproteins associated with the surface. The bioelectronic process includes the association of anti‐MA or anti‐CA antibodies, the secondary binding of an antibody–horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate, and the biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product on the electronic transducers. Faradaic impedance measurements and quartz crystal microbalance analyses are employed to follow the autoprocessing of the Gag polyproteins. The method was applied to determine drug resistance in infected cultured cells and also in blood samples of consenting AIDS patients. The method described here is also applicable to the determination of drug effectiveness in AIDS patients and to screening of the efficiency of newly developed drugs.
Quality Versus Quantity in the Delivery of Developmental Programs for ESL Students
Authors: Kurzet Reuel 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWhen Portland Community College was hit with a burgeoning enrollment of non–native English speakers, college staff had to decide whether to increase course sections to accommodate twice as many
students as they currently served, or to curtail enrollment and better serve those students who gained admission. This chapter discusses issues involved in the quality/quantity dilemma of providing
remedial/developmental English–as–a–second–language programs.
Navigating the Organizational Maze: Reengineering to Advance the Technology Agenda
Authors: Gellman‐Danley Barbara , Teague Robert G. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe rapid integration of technology into colleges poses a real challenge to traditional organizational structures. This chapter describes centralized and decentralized models, and one institution' s successful unified technology unit. Current trends are explained and
reengineering options are presented.
Faculty Compensation and Obligation: The Necessity of a New Approach Triggered by Technology Integration
Authors: Allison Robert D. , Scott David C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe faculty and management of Kern Community College District met separately for all–day retreats to discuss faculty loads and compensation in the context of technology integration. The discussions resulted in an acknowledgment of the need for a new approach to faculty compensation and obligations and an exploration of some alternative ways to accomplish that goal.
Managing Change: A Case Study in Evolving Strategic Management
Authors: Thor Linda , Scarafiotti Carol , Helminski Laura 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCritics of higher education such as Michael Dolence and Donald Norris (1995) urge educators to transform their institutions so as to align them with the needs of the twenty–first–century learner. However,colleges desiring to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing external environment often discover they must first find a way to make fundamental changes in their institutional culture.
From Performance Reporting to Performance‐Based Funding: Florida's Experiences in Workforce Development Performance Measurement
Authors: Pfeiffer Jay J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAcross the country,vocational‐technical centers,community colleges,and other postsecondary education entities are increasingly being heldaccountable by legislatures for student outcomes.In Florida,the accountability movement has spawned efforts to provide state funds based on outputs and outcomes,including earnings levels following graduation.
Dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells is altered by a single amino acid change in E‐cadherin fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein
Authors: Fuchs Margit , Hutzler Peter , Handschuh Gabriele , Hermannstädter Christine , Brunner Ingrid , Höfler Heinz , Luber Birgit 
Published: July 2004

AbstractE‐Cadherin regulates epithelial cell adhesion and is critical for the maintenance of tissue integrity. In sporadic diffuse‐type gastric carcinoma, mutations of the E‐cadherin gene are frequently observed that predominantly affect putative calcium binding motifs located in the linker region between the second and third extracellular domains. A single amino acid change (D370A) as found in a gastric carcinoma patient reduces cell adhesion and up‐regulates cell motility. To study the effect of this mutation on the dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was C‐terminally fused to E‐cadherin. The resulting mutant E‐cadherin‐EGFP fusion protein with a point mutation in exon 8 (p8‐EcadEGFP) and a wild‐type E‐cadherin‐EGFP fusion construct (wt‐EcadEGFP) were expressed in human MDA‐MB‐435S cells. Fluorescent images were acquired by time‐lapse laser scanning microscopy and E‐cadherin was visualized during contact formation and in moving cells. Spatial and temporal localization of p8‐ and wt‐EcadEGFP differed significantly. While wt‐EcadEGFP was mainly localized at lateral membranes of contacting cells and formed E‐cadherin puncta and plaques, p8‐EcadEGFP‐expressing cells frequently formed transient cell‐cell contacts. During random cell migration, p8‐EcadEGFP was found in lamellipodia. In contrast, wt‐EcadEGFP localized at lateral cell‐cell contact sites in low or non‐motile cells. Inhibition of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, which plays a major role in lamellipodia formation and cell migration, reduced the motility of p8‐EcadEGFP‐expressing cells and caused lateral membrane staining of p8‐EcadEGFP. Conversely, EGF induced cell motility and caused formation of lamellipodia that were E‐cadherin positive. In conclusion, our data show that mutant E‐cadherin significantly alters the dynamics of cell adhesion and motility in living cells and interferes with the formation of stable cell‐cell contacts. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 59:50–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retinal target cells of the centrifugal projection from the isthmo‐optic nucleus
Authors: Uchiyama Hiroyuki , Aoki Kenji , Yonezawa Shinji , Arimura Fuku , Ohno Hiroshi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAlthough the avian retina has long been known to receive projection from a midbrain nucleus, the isthmo‐optic nucleus (ION), the output of its target cells has remained obscure. We labeled the isthmo‐optic (IO) terminals in the Japanese quail retina, by using anterograde transport of fluorescent tracer injected into the ION, and then labeled target cells for these terminals by means of intracellular tracer injection under direct microscopic observation. Somata of the IO target cells (IOTCs) lie in the innermost zone of the inner nuclear layer of the ventral half of the retina and have no dendrites but an axon. The axons run in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) for up to 6 mm and terminate densely in a round or elliptical terminal field, about 90–290 μm in diameter, of the outermost zone of the IPL. Longer axons (>2 mm) extend dorsally, but shorter ones (<1 mm) project ventrally or horizontally, so the terminals are distributed widely in both dorsal and ventral halves of the retina. The IOTCs cannot be classified into any of the five conventional major classes of retinal cells, including amacrine cells, and are thought to be “slave” neurons whose output is controlled by the neurons in the brain. Topographic separation between input to and output from the IOTCs by the axons might be essential for the overall topographic organization of the centrifugal visual system in birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:146–153, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The advantage of complexity in two 2 × 2 games
Authors: Engle‐Warnick Jim 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCompeting populations of finite automata co‐evolve in an evolutionary algorithm to play two player games. Populations endowed with greater complexity do better against their less complex opponents in a strictly competitive constant sum game. In contrast, complexity determines efficiency levels, but not relative earnings, in a Prisoner's Dilemma game; greater levels of complexity result in mutually higher earnings. With reporting noise, advantages to complexity are lost and efficiency levels are reduced as relatively less complex strategies are selected. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 71–78, 2004
The Tbx‐files: The truth is out there
Authors: Kiefer Julie C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractT‐box factors are critical regulators of embryonic development and have been implicated in several human diseases. This primer describes the basics of how T‐box factors work and features a discussion of the state of T‐box gene research with three experts in the field. Developmental Dynamics 231:232–236, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperglycemia‐induced TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart
Authors: Smoak Ida Washington 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCardiovascular defects are common in diabetic offspring, but their etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. Extracellular matrix accumulates in adult tissues in response to hyperglycemia, and transforming growth factor‐beta1 (TGFβ1) likely mediates this effect. The objective of this study was to characterize TGFβ expression in the organogenesis‐stage mouse heart and to evaluate TGFβ and fibronectin expression in embryonic mouse heart exposed to hyperglycemia. Prominent TGFβ1, and minimal TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, protein expression was demonstrated in embryonic day (E) 9.5–E13.5 hearts. Hyperglycemia for 24 hr produced significantly increased fibronectin, slightly increased TGFβ1, and unchanged TGFβ2 or TGFβ3, by immunohistochemistry. Increased TGFβ1 was demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in embryonic fluid and isolated hearts after hyperglycemia for 24 hr, but not 48 hr. Hyperglycemia increased fibronectin protein and mRNA expression in embryonic hearts after 24 hr, and pericardial injection of TGFβ1 also increased fibronectin mRNA in the embryonic heart. It is proposed that TGFβ1 and fibronectin may play a role in diabetes‐induced cardiac dysmorphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 231:179–189, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mothers who were severely abused during childhood and their children talk about emotions: Co‐construction of narratives in light of maternal trauma
Authors: Koren‐Karie Nina , Oppenheim David , Getzler‐Yosef Rachel 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe article focuses on detailed examination of the co‐construction of emotion dialogues between mothers and their 6‐year‐old children in light of mothers' experiences of being sexually, physically, and emotionally abused during childhood. We present examples from dialogues between 3 mothers and their children about emotional events experienced by the children and illustrate emotionally mismatched co‐construction processes. To better understand these difficulties, the article also provides vignettes from interviews with mothers about children's inner worlds and show how examining the interviews may help explain the unfolding of the dialogues and particularly points of difficulty. The dialogues between the mothers and their children were assessed using the Autobiographical Emotional Events Dialogue procedure (Koren‐Karie, Oppenheim, Chaimovich, & Etzion‐Carasso, 2000). The maternal interviews were obtained using the Insightfulness Assessment procedure (Oppenheim & Koren‐Karie, 2002). The discussion focuses on the significance of mother–child dialogues in shaping children's inner world, and points to the importance of providing intervention for adults who experienced childhood traumas that address not only their own personal issues but also their functioning as parents.
Disorganized infant attachment strategies and helpless‐fearful profiles of parenting: Integrating attachment research with clinical intervention
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Spielman Eda 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this article, recent research on parenting behaviors associated with infant attachment disorganization is summarized and applied to a parent–infant psychotherapy case. Both hostile/self‐referential and helpless‐fearful patterns of parenting are described and viewed theoretically as alternate aspects of a single hostile‐helpless internal working model of attachment relationships. The case material focuses on the more subtle and harder to identify manifestations of a helpless‐fearful parental stance. Some attachment‐related treatment guidelines for working with a hostile‐helpless parenting stance are suggested, including challenging the hostile‐helpless model implicitly in the qualities of the therapist's approach to the parent, explicitly articulating the hostile‐helpless bind with the parent, increasing the parent's openness to a wider range of affective experience, differentiating attachment‐related needs from other communications of the baby, and developing new skills for balancing the needs of the self and the needs of the other in interaction with the baby.