bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pine Nut (Pinus koraiensis) Oil Fractions on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Starch Solutions
Authors: Lee Seog‐Won , Rhee Chul 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe physicochemical properties of rice starch suspensions effected by interactions with pine nut oil fractions were investigated. Oil fractions (crude pine nut oil, glycolipid, nonpolar lipid, gums, and degummed oil) from pine nut (Pinus koraiensis) were prepared by solvent extraction and addition of boiling water. The influence of the fractions on the physicochemical properties of rice amylose solution (5%, w/w) was determined by measuring the complexing index, absorbance ratio (630/520 nm), colour, rheological characteristics, and microscopic structure at various concentrations. Their effect on rice starch swelling power was also determined. The glycolipid fraction had the highest complexing index with rice amylose. Rice amylose solutions containing the glycolipid fraction exhibited greater pseudoplastic fluid (n<0.7) behaviour, higher colour difference values, and lower absorption ratios (1.64‐1.48) than did those containing other fractions. Hydrated oil fraction (gums) complexed with amylose only poorly, if at all, but amylose solutions containing them had rheological properties similar to those containing the glycolipid fraction. The addition of oil fractions increased the swelling power value compared to the control.
In vitro Starch Digestibility and Nutritionally Important Starch Fractions in Cereals and Their Mixtures
Authors: Aarathi Amruthmahal , Urooj Asna , Puttaraj Shashikala 
Published: February 2003

AbstractDietary carbohydrates are characterized with respect to both chemical composition and likely site, rate and extent of digestion. Starch is divided into rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS). The present investigation aimed at evaluating the effect of starch source on nutritionally important starch fractions and the extent of in vitro starch digestion in four processed cereals, namely rice, ragi (Eleusine coracona), wheat, jowar (Sorghum vulgare) and their mixtures in varying proportions, using controlled enzymatic hydrolysis with pancreatin and amyloglucosidase. Rapidly available glucose (RAG) was also measured to derive a starch digestion index (SDI). The total starch and amylose content in the raw cereals ranged from 21 — 26.6 and 12.6 — 20.7 g/100 g, respectively. Among the four basic cereals, roti (flat, unleavened pancake, diameter 12 cm) produced from ragi had highest total starch, RDS and SDI. However, in mixtures containing two or more cereals RDS and SDI were lower than those observed in single cereals. Significant correlations were observed between RAG and SDI, or RDS, respectively (r=0.91, r=0.96, p<0.01). An inverse relation between amylose content and SDI (r= ‐0.78, p<0.01) indicates the influence of amylose on the extent of starch digestion. The results highlight the importance of starch source in determining the starch fractions of processed cereals and their mixtures. The simple in vitro measurement of starch fractions could serve as a tool for characterizing dietary carbohydrates with respect to their digestion in the gut.
EuCN2 — The First, but Not Quite Unexpected Ternary Rare Earth Metal Cyanamide
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractRed‐orange, transparent single crystals of EuCN2 (Pnma (62), a = 1232.41(9), b = 395.26(3) and c = 539.43(4) pm, Z = 4) are obtained by the reaction of EuN, C and NaN3 in arc‐welded Ta ampoules at 1300 K. The first ternary rare earth metal cyanamide is isotypic to α‐SrCN2 and shows the characteristic frequencies for the CN22— unit in the optical spectra (νs = 1244; νas = 1969 and 2087; δ = 655 / 666 cm—1).
Synthesis and Structures of Potassium Bisdithiocarbamate Salts
Authors: Cook David A. , Coles Simon J. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Price Daniel J. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTwo structurally related dipotassium bisdithiocarbamate salts: K2[(S2CNRCH2)2](EtOH)2; R = Me, i‐Pr, were synthesised from the corresponding diamines. X‐ray structure determinations were performed on single crystals grown from ethanolic solutions. The different alkyl substituents have a profound affect upon the solid‐state structures, with the methyl derivative possessing a complex a 3‐D network and the isopropyl derivative a 2‐D lamellar structure.
Correlation between Solution and the Solid State: The pH Dependent Composition in the Ternary System [Co(H2O)6]2+ or [Ni(H2O)6]2+/Piperazine/Phosphate
Authors: Craven Emma , Abu‐Shandi Khalid , Janiak Christoph 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe protolytic equilibria of piperazine (C4H10N2) and phosphate have been investigated in the presence of cobalt or nickel chloride or nitrate by potentiometric titrations between pH 2 and 8. Potentiometric titrations suggest the presence of [M2+(H2O)5(C4H11N2+)]3+ and [M2+(H2O)5(C4H10N2)]2+ in solution with stability constants logK of 3.1 and 3.8 for M = Co and 3.1 and 3.6 for M = Ni, respectively. Crystallization experiments were then conducted at selected pH values to isolate desired species from the known solution composition. Crystallization afforded [M(H2O)6]2+(C4H12N22+)(HPO42—)2 at pH 3.5 and 6.2 (M = Co, Ni), and Co3(PO4)2·8H2O at pH 10.5. No crystals with the dihydrogenphosphate anion or a metal‐bound piperazine ligand could be isolated under the reaction conditions. The solid‐state assembly in the isomorphous structures of [M(H2O)6](C4H12N2)(HPO4)2 with M = Co and Ni is based on an extended hydrogen bonded network between the three ionic building blocks.
Spectral and Structural Studies of the Copper(II) Complexes of 3, 4‐Hexanedione Bis(3‐azacyclothiosemicarbazones)
Authors: Jasinski Jerry P. , Bianchani Jason R. , Cueva Juan , El‐Saied Fathy A. , El‐Asmy Ahmed A. , West Douglas X. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractCopper(II) complexes of 3, 4‐hexanedione bis(piperidyl‐ and bis(hexamethyleneiminylthiosemicarbazone), H2Hxpip and H2Hxhexim, respectively, have been prepared and studied spectroscopically. The bis(thiosemicarbazones) have been characterized by their melting points, as well as IR, electronic and 1H NMR spectra. Upon formation of their copper(II) complexes, loss of the hydrazinic hydrogen atoms occurs, and the ligands coordinate as dianionic, tetradentate N2S2 ligands. The crystal structures of H2Hxpip, its 4‐coordinate copper(II) complex, [Cu(Hxpip)], and the related [Cu(Hxhexim)] have been determined by single crystal x‐ray diffraction. The nature of the four‐coordinate copper(II) complexes have also been characterized by ESR, IR, and electronic spectroscopy, as well as magnetic moments and elemental analyses.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Zinc Complexes with Sulfonamides containing 8‐Aminoquinoleine
Authors: Macías Benigno , García Isabel , Villa María V. , Borrás Joaquín , Castiñeiras Alfonso , Sanz Francisca 
Published: February 2003

AbstractSulfonamides obtained by reaction of 8‐aminoquinoline with benzenesulfonyl, toluene‐4‐sulfonyl and naphthalene‐2‐sulfonyl chlorides have been used to synthetize coordination compounds with ZnII with a ZnL2 composition. Determination of the crystal structures for the resulting complexes by X‐ray diffraction shows a distorted tetrahedral environment for the Zn2+ ions, sulfonamides acting as bidentate ligands through the nitrogen atoms from the sulfonamidate and quinoline groups. FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectra of these compounds are also discussed.
Metal Complexes with a New Tetrapyridyl Pendant Armed Macrocyclic Ligand. X‐ray Crystal Structures of CuII and NiII Complexes
Authors: Valencia Laura , Bastida Rufina , López‐Deber Montserrat , Macías Alejandro , Rodríguez Adolfo , Vicente Manuel 
Published: February 2003

AbstractA new pendant‐armed macrocyclic ligand, L1, bearing four pyridyl pendant groups has been synthesized by N‐alkylation of the tetraazamacrocyclic precursor L with 2‐picolyl chloride hydrochloride. Metal complexes of L1 have been synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, MS‐FAB, conductivity measurements, IR, UV‐Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and magnetic studies. Crystal structures of the ligand L1 as well as of the complexes [Ni2L1](ClO4)4·5CH3CN and [Cu2L1](ClO4)4·4.5CH3CN have been determined by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. The X ray studies show the presence of two metal atoms within the macrocyclic ligand in both metal complexes showing five coordination arrangement for the metal ions.
Different Coordinative (N, N) and (N, O) Bidentate Behaviour of N‐2‐Pyridyl‐Sulfonamides. Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Cadmium(II) Complexes
Authors: Beloso Inmaculada , Castro Jesús , García—Vázquez José A. , Pérez—Lourido Paulo , Romero Jaime , Sousa Antonio 
Published: February 2003

AbstractElectrochemical oxidation of cadmium in an acetonitrile solution of N‐2‐pyridyl‐sulfonamides (HL) afforded cadmium coordination compounds of composition [CdL2]. Heteroleptic complexes of composition [CdL2L′] (L′ = 2, 2′‐bipyridine or 1, 10‐phenanthroline) were obtained when the coligand L′ was added to the electrolytic phase. The crystal structures of several compounds have been determined by X‐ray diffraction. In all cases the cadmium atom is hexacoordinated, but the coordinative behaviour of the N‐2‐pyridyl‐sulfonamide ligand depends on the location of the substituents in the pyridyl ring. When the substituent is in position 3, the ligands act as N, O‐donors. In all other cases, the ligands act as N, N′‐bidentate systems.
Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of [1, 2‐Bis(diphenylphosphinite)ethane]bromotricarbonylmanganese(I) with Reactions of Phosphites, Phosphonites. and Phosphinites
Authors: Bravo Jorge , Castro Jesús , García‐Fontán Soledad , Lamas Elvira M. , Rodríguez‐Seoane Pilar 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe manganese carbonyl complex [MnBr(CO)3L] (1), where L = Ph2POCH2CH2OPPh2, was prepared by reacting [MnBr(CO)5] with the bidentate ligand 1, 2‐Bis(diphenylphosphinite)ethane. From this compound and the appropriate phosphite, phosphinite or phosphonite ligands were synthesized the complexes [MnBr(CO)2LL′], where L′ = P(OMe)3 (2) or P(OEt)3 (3) and [MnBr(CO)3L′2], where L′ =PPh(OEt)2 (4) or PPh2(OEt) (5).The obtained compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) spectroscopies and X‐ray diffractometry for the complexes 1, 4 and 5.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Monohydrate von Lithiumchlorid und Lithiumbromid
Authors: Hönnerscheid Andreas , Nuss Jürgen , Mühle Claus , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMit Hilfe von Einkristall‐ und Pulverdaten wurden die Kristallstrukturen der Monohydrate von Lithiumchlorid und Lithiumbromid aufgeklärt. Die Verbindungen kristallisieren isotyp in der Raumgruppe Cmcm (LiCl·H2O: Einkristallstrukturanalyse; T = 100 K; a = 758, 35(2); b = 768, 07(2); c = 762, 35(2) pm; Z = 8; 1179 unabhängige Reflexe; R1 = 0, 0196. LiBr·H2O: Rietveld‐Verfeinerung; T = 220 K; a = 806, 15(1); b = 799, 44(1); c = 794, 61(1) pm; Z = 8; 157 unabhängige Reflexe; Rp = 0, 0922; Rwp = 0, 0979;Rexp = 0, 0657). Die Struktur lässt sich gemäß X(H2O)Li□2 (X = Cl, Br) von der Perowskitstruktur ableiten. Dabei sind weder die Wassermoleküle noch die Li‐Kationen fehlgeordnet. Die Orientierung der Wassermoleküle ist eindeutig an die Verteilung der Li‐Kationen gekoppelt und umgekehrt. Die hohe Li‐Ionenleitfähigkeit in der kubischen Hochtemperaturphase von LiBr·H2O wird erklärt mit der einsetzenden Rotationsbewegung der Wassermoleküle beim Phasenübergang, die einen Platzwechsel der Li‐Kationen bzw. das Aufschmelzen der Li‐Teilstruktur begünstigen.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Hydroxyhalogenide Li4(OH)3Br und Li4(OH)3I
Authors: Hönnerscheid Andreas , Nuss Jürgen , Mühle Claus , Jansen Martin 
Published: February 2003

AbstractMit Hilfe von Einkristall‐ und Röntgenpulverdaten wurden die Kristallstrukturen der Hydroxyhalogenide Li4(OH)3Br und Li4(OH)3I aufgeklärt. Li4(OH)3Br kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/m und ist isotyp zum leichteren Homologen Li4(OH)3Cl (Rietveld‐Verfeinerung; T = 293 K; a = 545, 41(1); b = 758, 13(1); c = 650, 20(1) pm; β = 93, 82(1)°; Z = 2; 300 unabhängige Reflexe; Rp = 0, 106; Rwp = 0, 109; Rexp = 0, 081).Li4(OH)3I kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pmmn in einer Variante der LiOH Struktur, in der 1/4 der Hydroxid‐ durch Iodid‐Anionen ausgetauscht sind (Einkristallstrukturanalyse; T = 100 K; a = 1029, 5(4); b = 525, 9(2); c = 573, 2(2) pm; Z = 2; 392 unabhängige Reflexe; R1 = 0, 0642).
Single Crystal X‐ray Structure Investigation and Electronic Structure Studies of La‐Deficient Nickel Stannide La4.87Ni12Sn24 Grown from Sn Flux
Authors: Zhuravleva Marina A. , Bilc Daniel , Mahanti S. D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe cubic La4.87Ni12Sn24 was synthesized in reactions involving liquid Sn. The compound crystallizes in the cubic syngony, space group Im3¯, Z = 2, cell parameter a = 11.9662(14) Å, and is related to the Gd3Ni8Sn16 structure type previously refined from powder X‐ray data. The crystal structure of La4.87Ni12Sn24 was solved and refined using single crystal X‐ray data to final R1 = 2.67%, wR2 = 6.92%. The refinement showed no mixed occupancy with Sn for the La(1) site, contrary to what was proposed for Gd3Ni8Sn16. Instead, a partial occupancy of 87% was detected for the La(1) at 2a. Electronic structure calculations show that the system is metallic, and the density of states at the Fermi level falls at a peak with the highest contribution coming from La(1) atoms, if the compound with ideal occupancies La5Ni12Sn24 is assumed. The deficiency of the La(1) site could therefore originate in the lowering of the total energy of the system due to the loss of 0.39 electrons per formula unit. Magnetic measurement data indicates nearly temperature independent Pauli paramagnetism. Theoretical estimation of the magnetic susceptibility after including core diamagnetic corrections agrees well with experiment.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Behavior of Co(phen)(HL)2 and [Co2(phen)2(H2O)4L2]·H2O with H2L = Pimelic Acid
Authors: Zheng Yue‐Qing , Lin Jian‐Li , Kong Zu‐Ping 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTwo CoII complexes, Co(phen)(HL)2 (1) and [Co2(phen)2(H2O)4L2]·H2O (2) (H2L = HOOC‐(CH2)5‐COOH), were synthesized and structurally characterized on the basis of single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. In complex 1 the Co atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by two N atoms of one phen ligand and two O atoms of different hydrogenpimelato ligands. Through π—π stacking interactions between carboxyl group and phen ligand, the complex molecules are assembled into 1D columnar chains, which are connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Complex 2 consists of the centrosymmetric dinuclear [Co2(phen)2(H2O)4L2] molecules and hydrogen bonded H2O molecules. The Co atoms are each octahedrally surrounded by two N atoms of one phen ligand and four O atoms from two bis‐monodentate pimelato ligands and two H2O molecules at the trans positions. The results about thermal analyses, which were performed in flowing N2 atmosphere, on both complexes were discussed. Crystal data: (1) C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.491(1)Å, b = 9.828(1)Å, c = 19.392(2)Å, β = 100.648(1)°, U = 2526.9(4)Å3, Z = 4; (2) P1 (no. 2), a = 11.558(1)Å, b = 11.947(3)Å, c = 15.211(1)Å, α = 86.17(1)°, β = 75.55(1)°, γ = 69.95(1)°, U = 1910.3(3)Å3, Z = 2.
Three Transporters Mediate Uptake of Glycine Betaine and Carnitine by
Listeria monocytogenes
in Response to Hyperosmotic Stress
Authors: Angelidis Apostolos S. , Smith Gary M. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

The uptake and accumulation of the potent osmolytes glycine betaine and carnitine enable the food-borne pathogen
Listeria monocytogenes
to proliferate in environments of elevated osmotic stress, often rendering salt-based food preservation inadequate. To date, three osmolyte transport systems are known to operate in
L. monocytogenes
: glycine betaine porter I (BetL), glycine betaine porter II (Gbu), and a carnitine transporter OpuC. We investigated the specificity of each transporter towards each osmolyte by creating mutant derivatives of
L. monocytogenes
10403S that possess each of the transporters in isolation. Kinetic and steady-state osmolyte accumulation data together with growth rate experiments demonstrated that osmotically activated glycine betaine transport is readily and effectively mediated by Gbu and BetL and to a lesser extent by OpuC. Osmotically stimulated carnitine transport was demonstrated for OpuC and Gbu regardless of the nature of stressing salt. BetL can mediate weak carnitine uptake in response to NaCl stress but not KCl stress. No other transporter in
L. monocytogenes
10403S appears to be involved in osmotically stimulated transport of either osmolyte, since a triple mutant strain yielded neither transport nor accumulation of glycine betaine or carnitine and could not be rescued by either osmolyte when grown under elevated osmotic stress.
Depth Distribution of Microbial Diversity in Mono Lake, a Meromictic Soda Lake in California
Authors: Humayoun Shaheen B. , Bano Nasreen , Hollibaugh James T. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

We analyzed the variation with depth in the composition of members of the domain
Bacteria
in samples from alkaline, hypersaline, and currently meromictic Mono Lake in California. DNA samples were collected from the mixolimnion (2 m), the base of the oxycline (17.5 m), the upper chemocline (23 m), and the monimolimnion (35 m). Composition was assessed by sequencing randomly selected cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the DNA samples. Most of the 212 sequences retrieved from the samples fell into five major lineages of the domain
Bacteria
: α- and γ-
Proteobacteria
(6 and 10%, respectively),
Cytophaga
-
Flexibacter
-
Bacteroides
(19%), high-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (
Actinobacteria
; 25%), and low-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (
Bacillus
and
Clostridium
; 19%). Twelve percent were identified as chloroplasts. The remaining 9% represented β- and δ-
Proteobacteria
,
Verrucomicrobiales
, and candidate divisions. Mixolimnion and oxycline samples had low microbial diversity, with only 9 and 12 distinct phylotypes, respectively, whereas chemocline and monimolimnion samples were more diverse, containing 27 and 25 phylotypes, respectively. The compositions of microbial assemblages from the mixolimnion and oxycline were not significantly different from each other (
P
= 0.314 and 0.877), but they were significantly different from those of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages (
P
< 0.001), and the compositions of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages were not significantly different from each other (
P
= 0.006 and 0.124). The populations of sequences retrieved from the mixolimnion and oxycline samples were dominated by sequences related to high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria (49 and 63%, respectively) distributed in only three distinct phylotypes, while the population of sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample was dominated (52%) by sequences related to low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria distributed in 12 distinct phylotypes. Twelve and 28% of the sequences retrieved from the chemocline sample were also found in the mixolimnion and monimolimnion samples, respectively. None of the sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample were found in the mixolimnion or oxycline samples. Elevated diversity in anoxic bottom water samples relative to oxic surface water samples suggests a greater opportunity for niche differentiation in bottom versus surface waters of this lake.
Bacteriocin Detection from Whole Bacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hindré Thomas , Didelot Sandrine , Le Pennec Jean-Paul , Haras Dominique , Dufour Alain , Vallée-Réhel Karine 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT
Class I bacteriocins (lantibiotics) and class II bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by gram-positive bacteria. Using two lantibiotics, lacticin 481 and nisin, and the class II bacteriocin coagulin, we showed that bacteriocins can be detected without any purification from whole producer bacteria grown on plates by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). When we compared the results of MALDI-TOF-MS performed with samples of whole cells and with samples of crude supernatants of liquid cultures, the former samples led to more efficient bacteriocin detection and required less handling. Nisin and lacticin 481 were both detected from a mixture of their producer strains, but such a mixture can yield additional signals. We used this method to determine the masses of two lacticin 481 variants, which confirmed at the peptide level the effect of mutations in the corresponding structural gene.
Comparison of Shiga Toxin Production by Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome-Associated and Bovine-Associated Shiga Toxin-Producing
Escherichia coli
Isolates
Authors: Ritchie Jenny M. , Wagner Patrick L. , Acheson David W. K. , Waldor Matthew K. 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

There is considerable diversity among Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) bacteria, and only a subset of these organisms are thought to be human pathogens. The characteristics that distinguish STEC bacteria that give rise to human disease are not well understood. Stxs, the principal virulence determinants of STEC, are thought to account for hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe clinical consequence of STEC infection. Stxs are typically bacteriophage encoded, and their production has been shown to be enhanced by prophage-inducing agents such as mitomycin C in a limited number of clinical STEC isolates. Low iron concentrations also enhance Stx production by some clinical isolates; however, little is known regarding whether and to what extent these stimuli regulate Stx production by STEC associated with cattle, the principal environmental reservoir of STEC. In this study, we investigated whether toxin production differed between HUS- and bovine-associated STEC strains. Basal production of Stx by HUS-associated STEC exceeded that of bovine-associated STEC. In addition, following mitomycin C treatment, Stx2 production by HUS-associated STEC was significantly greater than that by bovine-associated STEC. Unexpectedly, mitomycin C treatment had a minimal effect on Stx1 production by both HUS- and bovine-associated STEC. However, Stx1 production was induced by growth in low-iron medium, and induction was more marked for HUS-associated STEC than for bovine-associated STEC. These observations reveal that disease-associated and bovine-associated STEC bacteria differ in their basal and inducible Stx production characteristics.
Molecular Analyses of
Salmonella
enterica
Isolates from Fish Feed Factories and Fish Feed Ingredients
Authors: Nesse Live L. , Nordby Kerstin , Heir Even , Bergsjoe Bjarne , Vardund Traute , Nygaard Halvor , Holstad Gudmund 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Isolates of the most commonly observed salmonella serovars in Norwegian fish feed factories from 1998 to 2000 (
Salmonella enterica
serovar Agona,
S
.
enterica
serovar Montevideo,
S
.
enterica
serovar Senftenberg, and
S
.
enterica
serovar Kentucky) were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and plasmid profile analysis and compared to isolates of the same serovars from fish feed ingredients, humans, and other sources (a total of 112 isolates). Within each serovar, a variety of distinct PFGE types (with similarity levels less than 90%) were observed in the feed ingredients and other sources, while only two distinct types of each serovar were identified in the factories. The combined results of PFGE and plasmid analyses showed that each factory harbored only a few
S
.
enterica
clones. Some of these clones persisted for at least 3 years in the factories, indicating that there was long-lasting contamination probably due to inadequate decontamination procedures.