bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-modal interactions and movement-related tactile gating: the role of vision
Authors: Casado-Palacios Maria , Tonelli Alessia , Campus Claudio , Gori Monica 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWhen engaging with the environment, multisensory cues interact and are integrated to create a coherent representation of the world around us, process that has been suggested to be affected by the lack of visual feedback in blind individuals. In addition, the presence of voluntary movement seems to be responsible for suppressing somatosensory information that is processed by the cortex, which can lead to a worse encoding of tactile information. In this work, we aim to explore how multisensory processing can be affected by active movements and the role of vision in this process. To this end, we measure the precision of 18 sighted controls and 18 blind individuals in a velocity discrimination task. The participants were instructed to detect the stimulus that contained the faster speed, between a sequence of two, in both passive and active touch conditions. The sensory stimulation could be either just tactile or audio-tactile, where a non-informative sound occurred simultaneously with the tactile stimulation. The measure of precision was obtained by computing the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) of each participant. The results show worse precision in the bimodal audio-tactile sensory stimulation in the active condition for the sighted group but not for the blind one. In the sighted group, the noise of the tactile feedback might make them more vulnerable to the noisy interference of the audio modality; however, this is not the case for the blind one, which seems to be only affected by the movement itself. Our work should be considered when developing next-generation haptic devices; moreover, it supports the need for action in the blind population.
Sleep-state dependent cerebellar processing in adult mice
Authors: Canto Cathrin B. , Bauer Staf , Hoogland Tycho M. , Hoedemaker Hugo H. , Geelen Cynthia , Loyola Sebastian , Miaja Pablo , De Zeeuw Chris I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe cerebellum is important for motor performance and adaptation as well as cognition. Sleep is essential for optimizing of all these functions, but it remains to be elucidated how sleep affects cerebellar processing. It has been suggested that sleep periods with muscle twitches entrain the cerebellum with a copy of motor commands and subsequent sensory feedback signals, to develop predictive coding of movements. If this hypothesis is correct, one expects phasic correlations between the muscle twitches and specific features of the electro-encephalography (EEG) recordings in the cerebellum during various sleep stages as well as the climbing fiber activity in the cerebellar cortex, the modulation of which is relayed from the cerebral cortex via mesodiencephalic junction and inferior olive.Here we provide evidence for coherent correlations between cerebellar and cerebral cortical sleep spindles, twitches as well as patterns of climbing fiber activity. Our data are compatible with the novel concept that muscle twitches evoke complex spike synchronicity during NREM, which in turn affects cerebellar spindle activity and cerebellar-cortical information flow, thereby entraining an internal forward model.
Preterm formula, fortified or unfortified human milk for very preterm infants, the PREMFOOD study, a parallel randomised feasibility trial
Authors: Mills Luke , Chappell Karyn E , Emsley Robby , Alavi Afshin , Andrzejewska Izabela , Santhakumaran Shalini , Nicholl Richard , Chang John , Uthaya Sabita , Modi Neena 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveUncertainty exists regarding optimal supplemental diet for very preterm infants if mother’s own milk (MM) is insufficient. We evaluated feasibility for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) powered to detect important differences in health outcomes.MethodsIn this open, parallel, feasibility trial, we randomised infants 25+0-31+6 weeks gestation by opt-out consent, to one of three diets: unfortified human milk (UHM) (unfortified MM and/or unfortified pasteurised human donor milk (DM) supplement; fortified human milk (FHM) (fortified MM and/or fortified DM supplement), and unfortified MM and/or preterm formula (PTF) supplement from birth to 35+0 weeks post menstrual age. Feasibility outcomes included opt-outs, adherence rates, and slow growth safety criteria. We also obtained anthropometry, and magnetic resonance imaging body composition data at term and term plus 6 weeks (opt-in consent).Results35 infants were randomised to UHM, 34 to FHM, and 34 to PTF groups, of which 21, 19, and 24 infants completed imaging at term. Study entry opt-out rate was only 38%, while 6% of parents subsequently withdrew from feeding intervention. Two infants met predefined slow weight gain thresholds. There were no significant between-group differences in total adipose tissue volume at term (mean (sd): UHM: 0.870L (0.35L); FHM: 0.889L (0.31L); PTF: 0.809L (0.25L), p=0.66), nor in any other body composition measure or anthropometry at either timepoint.ConclusionsRandomisation to UHM, FHM, and PTF feeding interventions by opt-out consent was acceptable to parents and clinical teams, associated with safe growth profiles and no significant differences in body composition. Our data provide justification to proceed to a larger RCT.
Legionella pneumophilaexploits the endo-lysosomal network for phagosome biogenesis by co-opting SUMOylated Rab7
Authors: Li Chuang , Fu Jiaqi , Shao Shuai , Luo Zhao-Qing 
Published: November 2023

SummaryL. pneumophilastrains harboring wild-typerpsLsuch as Lp02rpsLWT cannot replicate in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) due to induction of extensive lysosome damage and apoptosis. The mechanism of this unique infection-induced cell death remains unknown. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identifiedHmg20aandNol9as host factors important for restricting strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Depletion ofHmg20aprotects macrophages from infection-induced lysosomal damage and apoptosis, allowing productive bacterial replication. The restriction imposed byHmg20awas mediated by repressing the expression of several endo-lysosomal proteins, including the small GTPase Rab7. We found that SUMOylated Rab7 is recruited to the bacterial phagosome via SulF, a Dot/Icm effector that harbors a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM). Moreover, overexpression of Rab7 rescues intracellular growth of strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Our results establish thatL. pneumophilaexploits the lysosomal network for the biogenesis of its phagosome in BMDMs.
Protocols to enable fluorescence microscopy of microbial interactions on living maize silks (style tissue) that balance the requirements for containment, biological relevance, viability, and experimental accessibility
Authors: Thompson M.E.H , Raizada M.N. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTThere is interest in studying microbes that colonize maize silks (style tissue, critical for reproduction) including the fungal pathogenFusarium graminearum(Fg) and its interactions with the microbiome and biocontrol agents.In plantaimaging of these interactions on living silks using confocal fluorescence microscopy would provide key insights. However, newly discovered microbes have unknown effects of on human health, and there are regulatory requirements to prevent the release of fluorescently-tagged microbes into the environment.Therefore, the microbe infection, colonization, and interaction stages on silks prior to microscopy must be contained. At the same time, silk viability must be maintained and experiments conducted that are biologically relevant (e.g. silks should remain attached to the cob), yet the silk tissue must be accessible to the researcher (i.e. not within husk leaves) and allow for multiple replicates. Here we present methods that meet these five contrasting criteria. We tested these methods usingFgand four silk-derived bacterial endophytes. The endophytes were previously known to have anti-Fgactivityin vitro, butin plantaobservations were lacking. In Method 1, a portion of the tip of a cob was dissected, and silks remained attached to the cob in a Petri dish. The cob was placed on a water agar disc to maintain hydration. DsRed-tagged bacteria and GFP-taggedFgwere inoculated onto the silks and incubated, allowing the two microbes to grow towards one another before staining with propidium iodide for confocal microscopy. A variation of the protocol was presented in Method 2, where detached silk segments were placed directly on water agar where they were inoculated with bacteria andFgto promote dense colonization, and to allow for many replicates and interventions such as silk wounding. The bacterial endophytes were successfully observed colonizingFghyphae, silk trichomes, and entering silks via cut ends and wounds. These protocols can be used to study other silk-associated microbes including several globally important fungal pathogens that enter maize grain through silks.
Passive stomatal closure under extreme drought in an angiosperm species
Authors: McAdam Scott A. M. , Manandhar Anju , Kane Cade N. , Mercado-Reyes Joel A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA), synthesized as leaf turgor declines, plays a major role in closing stomata in species from this lineage, but recent reports of some angiosperms having a peaking-type ABA dynamic in which under extreme drought ABA levels decline to pre-stressed levels raises the possibility that passive stomatal closure by leaf water status alone can occur in species from this lineage. To test this hypothesis, we conducted instantaneous rehydration experiments in the peaking-type speciesUmbellularia californicathrough a long-term drought in which ABA levels declined to pre-stress levels yet stomata remain closed. We found that when ABA levels were lowest during extreme drought stomata ofU. californicawere passively closed by leaf water status alone, with stomata reopening rapidly to maximum rates of gas exchange on instantaneous rehydration. This contrasts with leaves early in drought in which ABA levels are highest, where we found stomata do not reopen on instantaneous rehydration. The transition from ABA driven stomatal closure to passively driven stomatal closure as drought progresses in this species occurs at very low water potentials facilitated by highly embolism resistant xylem. These results have important implications for understanding stomatal control during drought in angiosperms.
Comprehending Atopic Risk Elements (CARE): An observational study to determine lifestyle, biophysical and environmental risk factors in the development of early-onset pediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: Brandwein Michael , Gamrasni Keren , Landau Tamar , Levin Alex , Smolkin Tatiana , Bauer-Rusek Sofia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis and food allergies affect a growing swath of the population and there is consensus that their development is determined by a confluence of inherent and environmental factors. Of the numerous influences identified, a significant proportion of them are readily accessible from birth, thereby potentially opening a path for risk stratification from birth. The CARE study aims to harness this knowledge, coupled with advances in machine learning predictive modeling, to effectively determine whether a neonate is at-risk for developing atopic dermatitis or food allergies from birth.Methods & DesignThe CARE study is a prospective observational study of neonates recruited 1-5 days following birth from the neonatal ward of participating medical centers. Upon recruitment, trans-epidermal water loss measurements will be taken from neonates and their biological parents, and a survey will be administered to parents to record various environmental, historic and lifestyle elements that may contribute to or protect against the development of atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Follow-up questionnaires will be administered at ages 6, 12 and 24 months. Atopic dermatitis outcome measures, primarily a modified version of the UK Working Party diagnostic criteria for atopic eczema, will be assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months and food allergy outcome measures will be assessed at 12 and 24 months of age.DiscussionThe data generated from the CARE trial will serve to validate the notion that easily-accessible measures of risk can enable risk stratification from birth for infants at-risk of developing atopic dermatitis and food allergies.Trial Registrationwww.clinicaltrial.govNCT04325451, prospectively registered on March 27, 2020
Lessons and challenges of China's state‐led and party‐dominated governance model
Authors: Yang Yuqing 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe case of China gets at one of the core questions that the Berggruen Governance Index (BGI) poses—can we necessarily assume that democratic accountability makes for better governance performance? China has steadily improved in public goods and state capacity according to the BGI data from 2000 and 2019, especially in terms of economic public goods and fiscal capacity due to its rapid GDP growth under an investment‐led growth model. However, China's democratic accountability has worsened, presenting an uncommon case of improved governance performance. Now China's economy stands at a crossroads amid the precedent‐breaking leadership of Xi Jinping. Will China disprove the ‘autocratic fallacy,’ whereby a dominant state setting priorities and making decisions for a society is sufficient? To what extent can China improve public goods provision and expand state capacity while limiting voice processes? This article examines key policies and strategies of China's governance performance over the past two decades. It also identifies future challenges underlying China's party‐dominated and whole‐of‐nation approach to governance and its investment‐led and export‐oriented development model.
Conformal sphincteric resection for ultra‐low rectal cancer located below the dentate line: A pilot report
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Ming , Zang Yi‐Wen , Li Zhen‐Yang , Zhou Min‐Wei , Wang Zi‐Hao , Chen Zong‐You , Ding Jian‐Hua , Xiang Jian‐Bin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimSphincter‐sparing surgery can be achieved in most cases of low rectal cancer with the development of intersphincteric resection. However, abdominoperineal resection is still inevitable for patients with tumours located below the dentate line. To address this, we have developed a procedure called conformal sphincteric resection (CSR) in which the corresponding part of the subcutaneous portion of the external anal sphincter and the perianal skin on the tumour side is removed to achieve a safe distal resection margin and lateral resection margin while the dentate line and the internal anal sphincter on the tumour‐free side are preserved as much as possible, to achieve sphincter preservation without compromising oncological safety and functional acceptability, and to render tumour location no longer a contraindication for sphincter‐sparing surgery. This is the first study to describe the concept, indication and surgical procedure of CSR and to report its preliminary surgical, oncological and functional results.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐centre, single‐arm pilot study conducted at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. Demographic, clinicopathological, oncological and functional follow‐up data were collected from 20 consecutive patients with rectal tumours located below the dentate line who underwent laparoscopic CSR by the same surgical team from June 2018 to March 2022.ResultsThe mean distance of the tumour's lower edge from the anal verge was 13.1 ± 6.0 mm. The mean distal resection margin was 10.6 ± 4.3 mm. All circumferential resection margins were negative. There were no instances of perioperative mortality. The complication rate was 25% but all were Clavien−Dindo Grade I. Among the 20 cases, 17 were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, one with squamous cell carcinoma and two with adenoma featuring high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia. Pathological TNM staging revealed two, seven, five, five and one case(s) in Stages 0, I, II, III and IV, respectively. The median follow‐up period was 20 months (interquartile range 22 months), with no withdrawals. The overall and disease‐free survival rates were both 95%. The mean Wexner incontinence score and low anterior resection syndrome score recorded 18 months following diverting ileostomy closure were 6.3 ± 3.8 and 27.3 ± 3.6, respectively.ConclusionsThis study has proposed the CSR procedure for the first time, which is a technically feasible, oncologically safe and functionally acceptable procedure for carefully selected patients with rectal tumours located below the dentate line.
Testing the effects of kinship, reciprocity and dominance on prosocial food provisioning in azure‐winged magpies (Cyanopica cyana), carrion crows (Corvus corone) and common ravens (C. corax)
Authors: Horn Lisa , Bugnyar Thomas , Massen Jorg J. M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProsocial behaviour (i.e. benefitting others without receiving a direct gain) has long been perceived as an evolutionary puzzle but is nevertheless relatively common among non‐human animals. Prosocial food provisioning has recently been documented in several large‐brained bird species, such as corvids and parrots. Yet, to date, little is known about which factors influence food provisioning in these species. Here, we investigated whether kinship, reciprocity and dominance affected food provisioning in the group service paradigm in three corvid species, namely azure‐winged magpies (Cyanopica cyana), carrion crows (Corvus corone) and common ravens (C. corax). In this paradigm, the subjects are tested in their regular social groups and can choose to make food available to their group members by landing on a simple seesaw apparatus. We found no evidence for an effect of kinship or reciprocity on food provisioning. Contrary to our predictions, the subjects' dominance was not positively correlated with their rate of food provisioning in any species. Among ravens, dominance was instead positively correlated with receiving food. We conclude that preferential provisioning for kin and direct reciprocity might have been impeded by the provider's inability to control who receives the food in the group service paradigm, but that our findings provide another piece of evidence that dominance is a highly important factor in the social interactions of common ravens.
Expression analysis of genes important for maintaining skin function in a senescence‐accelerated mouse prone model
Authors: Shinozaki Yui , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Tabata Keito , Miyazawa Ayuka , Kon Risako , Sakai Hiroyasu , Hosoe Tomoo 
Published: November 2023

AimSenescence‐accelerated mouse prone (SAMP) mice can reproduce the same conditions as normal aging mice in a short period. Although SAMP mice have been widely used in aging research, research on skin function in SAMP mice is lacking. In this study, to investigate the skin function of SAMP mice, we analyzed the expression of genes important for maintaining skin function.MethodsEight‐month‐old SAMP mice and senescence‐accelerated mouse resistant (SAMR) mice with normal aging were used. The expression levels of various functional genes in the skin were analyzed.ResultsThe dermal water content of SAMP mice was significantly lower than that of SAMR mice, indicating dry skin. The mRNA expression levels of elastin (Ela), filaggrin (Flg), loricrin (Lor), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1a1) and Col1a2 in the skin of SAMP mice were all significantly decreased compared with those of SAMR mice. Hyaluronan‐degrading enzyme (Hyal1) expression levels in SAMP mice were similar to those in SAMR mice, but hyaluronan synthase (Has2) levels were significantly decreased. In addition, the expression level of aquaporin‐3 in the skin of SAMP mice was significantly decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels.ConclusionsIn the skin of SAMP mice, the expression levels of various skin function‐regulating genes were decreased, and this phenomenon might cause skin dryness. The SAMP mouse could be a tool for analyzing skin aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 951–957.
Evidence synthesis on coercion in mental health: An umbrella review
Authors: Aragonés‐Calleja Miriam , Sánchez‐Martínez Vanessa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCoercion in mental healthcare is ubiquitous and affects the physical health, recovery and psychological and emotional well‐being of those who experience it. Numerous studies have explored different issues related to coercion, and the present umbrella review aims to gather, evaluate and synthesise the evidence found across systematic reviews. The protocol, registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020196713), included 46 systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of primary studies whose main theme was coercion and which were obtained from databases (Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL) and repositories of systematic reviews following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. All the reviews were subjected to independent assessment of quality and risk of bias and were grouped in two categories: (1) evidence on specific coercive measures (including Community Treatment Orders, forced treatment, involuntary admissions, seclusion and restriction and informal coercion), taking into account their prevalence, related factors, effectiveness, harmful effects and alternatives to reduce their use; and (2) experiences, perceptions and attitudes concerning coercion of professionals, mental health service users and their caregivers or relatives. This umbrella review can be useful to professionals and users in addressing the wide variety of aspects encompassed by coercion and the implications for professionals' daily clinical practice in mental health units. This research received funding from two competitive calls.
Supply chain coordination with financial constraints considering delivery time and cross‐channel spillover effect
Authors: Xu Xiaoping , Yang Yuanyuan , Chen Fang , Cheng T. C. Edwin , Qin Hao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA manufacturer selling its products via an offline channel and a capital‐constrained platform is considered in our work. The agency or reseller mode is operated by the platform. Affected by the delivery time, the offline demand is affected by the online channel, which is called the cross‐channel spillover effect (CCSE). Building game models for analysis, we derive the following major results: First, how the commission rate affects the optimal production quantity depends on CCSE. CCSE has no impact on (decreases) the platform's optimal delivery time in the agency (reseller) mode. Besides, the platform's optimal profit decreases with a positive CCSE but increases with a negative CCSE in the agency mode. But in the reseller mode, it always increases with CCSE. Second, the financial constraint decreases the optimal production quantity and extends the optimal delivery time. Third, the agency mode always leads to a larger market share and longer delivery time than the reseller mode. The manufacturer should choose the reseller mode (agency mode) under a high (low) slotting fee. Last, the manufacturer and platform cannot realize coordination by using only the agency or reseller mode. However, considering the manufacturer‐led Stackelberg game, the reseller mode can do so, while the agency mode cannot. Further, considering a retailer and a third party under the omnichannel strategy, the reseller mode can always coordinate them, and the agency mode can only do so at a low interest rate of the loan.