bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neuropsychological Impairment Scale—Senior: A procedure for evaluating awareness disturbance in geriatric patients
Authors: O'Donnell William E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Neuropsychological Impairment Scale—Senior (NIS‐S) is a 30‐item, orally administered questionnaire for geriatric patients about symptoms of cognitive impairment, affective disturbance, and defensiveness. Clinical and nonclinical norms are described along with validity and reliability information. A procedure is presented for comparing a patient's self‐reported cognitive impairment with scores on performance testing, which gauges whether the patient is over‐ or under‐reporting cognitive deficits. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 423–427, 2001.
The responses of dissociative patients on the thematic apperception test
Authors: Pica Michael , Beere Donald , Lovinger Sophie , Dush David 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis study compared the responses of dissociative inpatients and general inpatient psychiatric controls on the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Murray, 1943). We found the stories of dissociative participants to be characterized by a greater interpersonal distance and more trauma and dissociation responses than those of the controls. No significant differences were found regarding total number of emotional references, although references to positive emotions were almost nonexistent for the dissociative group. A post hoc analysis of the data found the testing behaviors of dissociative participants to be characterized by switching, trance states, intrainterview amnesias, and affectively loaded card rejections. Questions were raised regarding the relevancy of the findings to clinical practice and how they might explain some of the controversies surrounding the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder (DID). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 847–864, 2001.
Prediction of dose–response relations based on patient characteristics
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Lowry Jenny , Kopta S. Mark , Einstein Danielle A. , Howard Kenneth I. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe recent discussion of evidence‐based, adaptive treatment planning highlights the need for models for the prediction of courses of treatment response. We combine a dose–response model with growth curve modeling to determine dose–response relations for well‐being, symptoms, and functioning. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to model each patient's expected course of improvement. The resulting predictions were cross‐validated on two samples of psychotherapy outpatients. The results give further empirical support for the dose–response model and the phase model of psychotherapy as well as for the usefulness of patient treatment response profiling for individual treatment management. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 889–900, 2001.
Power Doppler sonography of hepatocellular carcinomas with portal‐vein blood supply
Authors: Tohara Keiji , Sakaguchi Seigo , Miyajima Yasushi , Yao Tsuneyoshi , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report the power Doppler imaging (PDI) findings in 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a portal‐vein blood supply. Gray‐scale sonography in both cases showed a well‐circumscribed nodule, hypoechoic in case 1 and hyperechoic in case 2. PDI revealed an afferent tumor vessel with constant flow in both nodules, and CT during arterial portography demonstrated a portal‐vein supply to both nodules. The nodules were diagnosed by percutaneous core biopsies as highly differentiated HCC. We also examined with PDI another 64 patients with 76 HCC nodules, and none of the nodules showed a constant‐flow afferent tumor vessel. The presence of a constant‐flow afferent tumor vessel indicates a supplying portal vein; but this is not diagnostic of HCC, and biopsy remains necessary to establish a final diagnosis. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:290–293, 2001.
Partially reversed intrasplenic venous blood flow detected by color Doppler sonography in two patients with hematologic diseases and splenomegaly
Authors: Restrepo‐Schäfer Isabel , Wollenberg Birgit , Riera‐Knorrenschild Jordi , Görg Christian 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe report on 2 patients with hematologic diseases (1 follicular lymphoma and 1 myeloproliferative syndrome) and splenomegaly who had partial intrasplenic portosystemic shunting demonstrated by color Doppler sonography. Intrasplenic venous blood flow was in the normal direction at the hilum of the spleen but in a reversed direction at the periphery of the spleen. This type of reversed intrasplenic flow pattern results in portosystemic shunting and might be detected more frequently when careful color Doppler mapping of the entire splenic parenchyma is performed in patients with portal hypertension. The clinical significance of this phenomenon, however, is still unclear. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:294–297, 2001.
Endorectal sonographic appearances of rectal MALT lymphoma, its response to therapy, and local recurrence
Authors: Gavioli Margherita , Bagni Alberto , Santacroce Giovanni , Piccagli Italo , Natalini Gianni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractEndorectal sonography may significantly help to evaluate rectal lymphoma. We report the sonographic findings in a case of rectal non‐Hodgkin's MALT (mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma, including the monitoring of response to therapy and confirmation of recurrence, in a 45‐year‐old man. On endorectal sonography of the rectal wall, the mucosa was markedly thickened to 1.1 cm and was diffusely hypoechoic and risen into multiple polypoid folds. The submucosa and muscularis propria appeared normal. Multiple lymph nodes were visualized in the perirectal fat; they were homogeneously hypoechoic, were round or oval, and ranged from 1.0 cm to 2.6 cm. Endoscopic biopsies revealed a grade I non‐Hodgkin's MALT lymphoma. Following chemotherapy, endorectal sonography showed that the surface of the rectal mucosa had a smoother appearance and near‐normal thickness, but lymph nodes, although smaller, remained visible in the perirectal fat. Four months later, endorectal sonography demonstrated a local relapse of disease, with significant thickening of the rectal mucosa and multiple lymph nodes visible in the perirectal fat. Following high‐dose chemotherapy for the recurrence, endorectal sonography demonstrated a near‐normal appearance of the rectal mucosa. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:401–405, 2001.
Fungal brain abscesses in neonates: Sonographic appearances and corresponding histopathologic findings
Authors: Marcinkowski Monika , Bauer Karl , Stoltenburg‐Didinger Gisela , Versmold Hans 
Published: October 2004

AbstractExtremely preterm neonates and neonates with predisposing conditions such as congenital or acquired immunodeficiency are at high risk for systemic fungal infection. Abscess formation in the brain is a severe complication that occurs in 70% of neonates with systemic fungal infection. Cerebral sonography can be used to diagnose abscesses in the brain in these patients. We report 2 sonographic presentations of fungal brain abscesses in neonates confirmed by postmortem histopathologic examination. The first patient, an extremely preterm neonate of 23 weeks' gestation with a systemic Candida albicans infection, had multiple small, round, hypoechoic lesions with echogenic rims in both brain hemispheres. The second patient, a term neonate with disseminated aspergillosis and DiGeorge syndrome, had a few large echogenic areas in the right periventricular region. Brain imaging should be considered in the diagnostic workup in neonates with suspected systemic fungal infection. Cerebral involvement can be diagnosed at the bedside with cerebral sonography. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:417–421, 2001.
Lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiodysplasia: From molecular to clinical lymphology
Authors: Witte Marlys H. , Bernas Michael J. , Martin Clifford P. , Witte Charles L. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe lymph vascular system parallels the blood vasculature and as one of its key functions returns liquid and solutes to the bloodstream, including macromolecules that have escaped from blood capillaries and entered the interstitium. In conjunction with interspersed lymph nodes and lymphoid organs, the lymphatic vasculature also acts as a conduit for trafficking immune cell populations. Echoing the explosion of knowledge about blood vessel angiogenesis (properly termed “hemangiogenesis”), the past two decades have also witnessed a series of significant, yet less‐noticed discoveries bearing on “lymphangiogenesis,” along with delineation of the spectrum of lymphedema–angiodysplasia syndromes. Failure of lymph transport promotes a brawny proteinaceous edema of the affected limb, organ, or serous space that is disfiguring, disabling, and on occasion even life‐threatening. Key members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin families of vascular growth factors (and their corresponding tyrosine kinase endothelial receptors) have been identified which preferentially influence lymphatic growth and, when manipulated in genetically engineered murine models, produce aberrant “lymphatic phenotypes.” Moreover, mutations in VEGF receptor and forkhead family developmental genes have now been linked and implicated in the pathogenesis of two familial lymphedema–angiodysplasia syndromes. Thus, recent advances in “molecular lymphology” are elucidating the poorly understood development, physiology, and pathophysiology of the neglected lymphatic vasculature. In combination with fresh insights and refined tools in “clinical lymphology,” these advances should lead not only to earlier detection and more rational classification of lymphatic disease but also to better therapeutic approaches, including designer drugs for lymphangiostimulation and lymphangioinhibition and gene therapy to modulate lymphatic growth. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:122–145, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle regeneration in holothurians
Authors: Dolmatov Igor Yu. , Ginanova Talia T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe muscle system of holothurians includes visceral (coelomic epithelium) and somatic (longitudinal muscle bands, retractors of aquapharyngeal complex) musculature. Visceral musculature regeneration is achieved by the transformation of myoepithelial cells via their dedifferentiation, migration, proliferation, and redifferentiation. During somatic muscle regeneration the new muscle bundles are formed due to dedifferentiation, migration, and immersion of the coelomic epithelial cells into the connective tissue. While submerging, the epithelial cells transform into myocytes and begin to produce myofibrils in their cytoplasm. Concomitantly, a basal lamina is formed around the group of myogenic cells, separating them from the surrounding extracellular matrix. The myohistogenesis is accompanied by a conspicuous DNA‐synthetic activity. Proliferation is insignificant and seems to be of no essential importance for muscle regeneration. The synthesis of DNA followed by no cytokinesis results in an increase in the amount of DNA of myocyte nuclei. Microsc. Res. Tech. 55:452–463, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Small regular graphs having the same path layer matrix*
Authors: Yuansheng Yang , Jianhua Lin , Chunli Wang 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe path layer matrix of graph G contains quantitative information about all paths in G. The entry (i,j) in this matrix is the number of simple paths in G having initial vertex i and length j. Some new upper bounds for r‐regular graphs with the same path layer matrix are presented for r=4, 5, 6. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 219–221, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jgt.10005
Girth and fractional chromatic number of planar graphs
Authors: Pirnazar Amir , Ullman Daniel H. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractIn 1959, even before the Four‐Color Theorem was proved, Grötzsch showed that planar graphs with girth at least 4 have chromatic number at the most 3. We examine the fractional analogue of this theorem and its generalizations. For any fixed girth, we ask for the largest possible fractional chromatic number of a planar graph with that girth, and we provide upper and lower bounds for this quantity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 201–217, 2002; DOI 10.1002/jgt10024
Introduction to the Rhizocephala (Crustacea: Cirripedia)
Authors: Walker Graham 
Published: October 2004

AbstractKnowledge about the Rhizocephala (parasitic barnacles) has increased exponentially over the past two decades. This introduction broadly reviews this progress, touching on rhizocephalan morphology, life‐cycles, larval biology, and the effects on the crustacean hosts. Members representing both orders, the Kentrogonida and Akentrogonida, are discussed. The recent discovery regarding the vermigon stage further highlights the intricacy of the kentrogonid life‐cycle. Because rhizocephalans are found in most world regions, occurring on their respective hosts from the deep ocean to freshwater, their importance is now being recognized. J. Morphol. 249:1–8, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ephrins stimulate neurite outgrowth during early cortical neurogenesis
Authors: Zhou Xiaofeng , Suh Junghyup , Cerretti Douglas P. , Zhou Renping , DiCicco‐Bloom Emanuel 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe Eph receptor ligands, the ephrins, are membrane‐bound molecules that play important roles in establishing intercellular communication after neurogenesis by regulating cell migration, axon pathfinding, and topographic mapping. In diverse systems, such as embryonic day 17.5 (E17.5) hippocampal and cortical neurons, repulsive/inhibitory mechanisms underlie these cellular effects. However, although ligand/receptor expression occurs far earlier, during brain neurogenesis, little is known about potential ephrin functions in initial process outgrowth. We have examined ligand/receptor expression in E13.5 cortex in vivo and in culture, using alkaline phosphatase (AP)‐conjugated reagents and RNase protection assay. B ephrins are highly expressed, including B1, B2, and B3, whereas A ephrins exhibit low expression levels. In contrast, the Eph receptors demonstrate an opposite pattern, exhibiting high levels of Eph A3, A4, and A5 mRNA transcripts and low levels of the B‐class receptors. To examine effects on neurite outgrowth, soluble ephrins were incubated with antihuman IgG antibody, producing oligomeric agonist complexes, and dried onto culture dishes. Unexpectedly, both ephrin A and B complexes increased process outgrowth: Seventy to eighty percent of neuronal precursors exhibited long neurites on ephrins, whereas only 5–10% of cells had neurites on IgG control substrates, indicating that ephrins stimulated neuritogenesis by early cortical neurons. These observations suggest that ephrin ligand/receptor systems play ontogenetic roles not previously considered, activating mechanisms other than cellular repulsion. Ephrin systems may induce initial process elaboration by early cortical neurons that is restricted at later stages by well‐characterized repulsive signaling mechanisms. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1054–1063, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and origin of corticotropin‐releasing factor‐immunoreactive axons in the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord
Authors: Puder Barbara A. , Papka Raymond E. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide traditionally known for its hormonal role in the hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal stress axis. However, CRF has been reported in axons in sites that may be considered outside of the direct stress axis, e.g., in axons in the lumbosacral spinal cord associated with the micturition response. Whether any of these CRF‐immunoreactive axons interacts with uterine‐related preganglionic autonomic neurons or projection neurons in the lumbosacral spinal cord is unknown. Thus, immunohistochemistry and retrograde tracing were employed to determine the presence, distribution, and origin of CRF‐immunoreactive axons in the L6/S1 spinal cord of the female rat and to ascertain whether these axons are associated with uterine‐related neurons. CRF‐immunoreactive axons were present in the dorsal horn, medial and lateral collateral pathways, dorsal intermediate gray, laminae VlI and X, and sacral parasympathetic nucleus of the spinal cord. Nitric oxide‐synthesizing, i.e., NADPH‐d‐positive neurons and pseudorabies virus labeled uterine‐related neurons were in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus and were closely apposed by CRF‐immunoreactive axons. Injection of retrograde tracers (fluorogold or fast blue) into the L6/S1 spinal cord labeled neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and pontine Barrington's nucleus, and some of these neurons were immunoreactive for CRF. This study demonstrates that CRF‐immunoreactive axons are present in the L6/S1 spinal cord of the female rat in areas associated with sensory and autonomic processing. Some of these axons originate from the paraventricular nucleus and Barrington's nucleus and are adjacent to uterine‐related neurons. These results indicate that CRF may influence neural activity related to the female reproductive system. J Neurosci. Res. 66:1217–1225, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Huperzine A attenuates amyloid β‐peptide fragment 25‐35‐induced apoptosis in rat cortical neurons via inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and caspase‐3 activation
Authors: Xiao Xiao Qiu , Zhang Hai Yan , Tang Xi Can 
Published: October 2004

AbstractHuperzine A, a novel Lycopodium alkaloid originally discovered in the Chinese herb Qian Ceng Ta (Huperzia serrata), is a reversible, potent, and selective acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and has been extensively used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. The present studies were designed to investigate effects of huperzine A on amyloid β‐peptide fragment 25‐35 (Aβ25‐35)‐induced neuronal apoptosis and potential mechanisms in primary cultured rat cortical neurons. After exposure of the cells to Aβ25‐35 (20 μM), apoptotic cell death was observed as evidenced by a significant decrease in cell viability, alteration of neuronal morphology, and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment of the cells with huperzine A (0.01–10 μM) prior to Aβ25‐35 exposure significantly elevated the cell survival and reduced Aβ25‐35‐induced nuclei fragmentation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐based fluorescence, caspase‐3‐like fluorogenic cleavage, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that huperzine A reduced Aβ25‐35‐induced ROS formation in a dose‐dependent manner, and 1 μM of huperzine A attenuated Aβ25‐35‐induced caspase‐3 activity at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr posttreatment. Our results provide the first direct evidence that huperzine A protects neurons against Aβ25‐35‐induced apoptosis via the inhibition of ROS formation and caspase‐3 activity. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of striatal neuropeptide mRNAs: Effects of the 5‐HT2 antagonist SR46349B in adult rats with a neonatal 6‐hydroxydopamine lesion
Authors: Durand C. , Mathieu‐Kia A.M. , Besson M.‐J. , Penit‐Soria J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe intrastriatal injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) in newborn rats produces a marked striatal dopamine (DA) depletion, accompanied by a serotonin (5‐HT) hyperinnervation and an up‐regulation of 5‐HT receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the increase in 5‐HT2 receptors could compensate for some of the DA lesion‐induced effects, such as the increase in striatal preproenkephalin (PPE) and the decrease in preprotachykinin A (PPT‐A) mRNA levels. Three months after the DA lesion, the effect of the selective 5‐HT2 antagonist SR46349B was investigated by a subacute treatment (10 mg/kg, IP, twice per day for 3.5 days). In sham‐operated rats, the blockade of 5‐HT2 receptors decreased PPE mRNA levels in the striatum and, by contrast, had no effect on PPT‐A mRNA levels. In rats with a unilateral neonatal DA lesion, SR46349B had no more effect on PPE mRNA levels in the intact striatum and was unable to modify the lesion induced‐increase in PPE mRNA. The decrease in PPT‐A mRNA levels induced by the neonatal DA lesion was not changed after SR46349B treatment in the posterior part of the lesioned striatum. Our results suggest that SR46349B indirectly decreases PPE mRNA levels in striatopallidal neurons in intact animals through a desinhibition of DA neuron activity. This is further evidenced by the lack of PPE mRNA changes in the DA lesioned striatum despite the up‐regulation of 5‐HT2 receptor transmission induced in this model. Finally, the absence of any effect of 5‐HT2 antagonist on the expression of PPT‐A mRNA in intact animals is discussed. The precise role of 5‐HT2 receptor on PPT‐A mRNA biosynthesis after a neonatal lesion should be clarified by further experiments using 5‐HT2 agonists. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Abnormal reinnervation of skeletal muscle in a tenascin‐C‐deficient mouse
Authors: Cifuentes‐Diaz C. , Faille L. , Goudou D. , Schachner M. , Rieger F. , Angaut‐Petit D. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe possible involvement of tenascin‐C in the reinnervation of a skeletal muscle was investigated in the tenascin‐C‐deficient mouse (T–/–) produced by Saga et al. (1992; Genes Dev 6:1821–1831). The pattern of reinnervation, observed after denervation of the triangularis sterni muscle, differs in T–/– and wild‐type muscles in several traits. Axonal growth and stability of terminal arbors are impaired in the T–/– muscle: Some axons in mutant muscles grow beyond their original targets and reinnervate other synaptic sites, which may become dually innervated. In contrast to wild type, polyinnervation increases with time after denervation in T–/– muscles and is still present 7 months after nerve crush. The expression of a tenascin‐C mRNA product disappears between 1 and 2 months after nerve crush. Of interest is that this transcriptional regulation in T–/– muscles occurs when major alterations in the morphology of regenerating endings become obvious. These observations strongly implicate tenascin‐C in the formation, maturation, and stabilization of the neuromuscular junction. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential regulation of GDNF, neurturin, and their receptors in primary cultures of rat glial cells
Authors: Rémy Séverine , Naveilhan Philippe , Brachet Philippe , Neveu Isabelle 
Published: October 2004

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) bind to GFRα‐1 and GFRα‐2 receptors, respectively, and their neurotrophic activity is mediated by the tyrosine kinase receptor, Ret. All these molecules were found to be expressed in primary cultures of rat glial cells, which were largely composed of astrocytes and maintained in serum‐free medium. Although GDNF, NTN and Ret mRNA levels were at the limit of detection, RNase protection assays revealed relatively high amounts of GFRα‐1 and GFRα transcripts. To characterize signals controlling their expression, glial cells were exposed to serum or treated with hormones acting through nuclear receptors and by activators of the cAMP or protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent pathways. Retinoic acid or 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 appeared ineffective. In contrast, the 5‐fold increase in GFRα‐2 mRNA after 24 hr of treatment with 10−10 M of tri‐iodothyronine, suggests a physiological role of thyroid hormone in the regulation of this receptor in vivo. The serum induced a 7‐fold increase in GFRα‐1 mRNA levels. These changes may be mediated by the cAMP or PKC pathways because both forskolin and TPA up‐regulated the GFRα‐1 gene. Interestingly, only TPA led to a coordinated increase in the levels of GDNF, GFRα‐1 and GFRα‐2 mRNAs. On the other hand, NTN transcripts remained constant, irrespective of the culture conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that GDNF family ligands and their receptors are regulated in glial cells by common or independent transductional pathways, which could modulate their specific expression during brain development or in the case of trauma. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:242–251, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.