bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans atx-2 Promotes Germline Proliferation and the Oocyte FateSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession no. AY571963.
Authors: Maine Eleanor M , Hansen Dave , Springer Deborah , Vought Valarie E 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
In the Caenorhabditis elegans germline, proliferation is induced by Notch-type signaling. Entry of germ cells into meiosis is triggered by activity of the GLD-1 and GLD-2 pathways, which function redundantly to promote meiosis and/or inhibit proliferation. Activation of the germline Notch-type receptor, GLP-1, ultimately inhibits the activities of the GLD-1 and GLD-2 pathways. We previously identified several ego (enhancer of glp-1) genes that promote germline proliferation and interact genetically with the GLP-1 signaling pathway. Here, we show that atx-2 is an ego gene. Our data suggest that ATX-2 is not a positive regulator of the GLP-1 signaling pathway and GLP-1 signaling is not the sole positive regulator of ATX-2 activity. Moreover, our data indicate that GLP-1 must have an additional function, which may be to repress activity of a third meiotic entry pathway that would work in parallel with the GLD-1 and GLD-2 pathways. In addition to its role in proliferation, ATX-2 acts downstream of FOG-2 to promote the female germline fate.
Arabidopsis hapless Mutations Define Essential Gametophytic Functions
Authors: Johnson Mark A , von Besser Kiera , Zhou Qing , Smith Evadne , Aux George , Patton David , Levin Joshua Z , Preuss Daphne 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
In flowering plants, the egg develops within a haploid embryo sac (female gametophyte) that is encased within the pistil. The haploid pollen grain (male gametophyte) extends a pollen tube that carries two sperm cells within its cytoplasm to the embryo sac. This feat requires rapid, precisely guided, and highly polarized growth through, between, and on the surface of the cells of the stigma, style, and ovary. Pollen tube migration depends on a series of long-range signals from diploid female cells as well as a short-range attractant emitted by the embryo sac that guides the final stage of tube growth. We developed a genetic screen in Arabidopsis thaliana that tags mutant pollen with a cell-autonomous marker carried on an insertion element. We found 32 haploid-disrupting (hapless) mutations that define genes required for pollen grain development, pollen tube growth in the stigma and style, or pollen tube growth and guidance in the ovary. We also identified genomic DNA flanking the insertion element for eleven hap mutants and showed that hap1 disrupts AtMago, a gene whose ortholog is important for Drosophila cell polarity.
Mutations in SIN4 and RGR1 Cause Constitutive Expression of MAL Structural Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Xin , Michels Corinne A 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTranscription of the Saccharomyces MAL structural genes is induced 40-fold by maltose and requires the MAL-activator and maltose permease. To identify additional players involved in regulating MAL gene expression, we carried out a genetic selection for MAL constitutive mutants. Strain CMY4000 containing MAL1 and integrated copies of MAL61promoter-HIS3 and MAL61promoter-lacZ reporter genes was used to select constitutive mutants. The 29 recessive mutants fall into at least three complementation groups. Group 1 and group 2 mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes and represent alleles of Mediator component genes RGR1 and SIN4, respectively. The rgr1 and sin4 constitutive phenotype does not require either the MAL-activator or maltose permease, indicating that Mediator represses MAL basal expression. Further genetic analysis demonstrates that RGR1 and SIN4 work in a common pathway and each component of the Mediator Sin4 module plays a distinct role in regulating MAL gene expression. Additionally, the Swi/Snf chromatin-remodeling complex is required for full induction, suggesting a role for chromatin remodeling in the regulation of MAL gene expression. A sin4Δ mutation is unable to suppress the defects in MAL gene expression resulting from loss of the Swi/Snf complex component Snf2p. The role of the Mediator in MAL gene regulation is discussed.
Epigenetic Control of CACTA Transposon Mobility in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kato Masaomi , Takashima Kazuya , Kakutani Tetsuji 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Epigenetic mutation, heritable developmental variation not based on a change in nucleotide sequence, is widely reported in plants. However, the developmental and evolutionary significance of such mutations remains enigmatic. On the basis of our studies of the endogenous Arabidopsis transposon CACTA, we propose that the inheritance of epigenetic gene silencing over generations can function as a transgenerational genome defense mechanism against deleterious movement of transposons. We previously reported that silent CACTA1 is mobilized by the DNA hypomethylation mutation ddm1 (decrease in DNA methylation). In this study, we report that CACTA activated by the ddm1 mutation remains mobile in the presence of the wild-type DDM1 gene, suggesting that de novo silencing is not efficient for the defense of the genome against CACTA movement. The defense depends on maintenance of transposon silencing over generations. In addition, we show that the activated CACTA1 element transposes throughout the genome in DDM1 plants, as reported previously for ddm1 backgrounds. Furthermore, the CACTA1 element integrated into both the ddm1-derived and the DDM1-derived chromosomal regions in the DDM1 wild-type plants, demonstrating that this class of transposons does not exhibit targeted integration into heterochromatin, despite its accumulation in the pericentromeric regions in natural populations. The possible contribution of natural selection as a mechanism for the accumulation of transposons and evolution of heterochromatin is discussed.
Enolase and Glycolytic Flux Play a Role in the Regulation of the Glucose Permease Gene RAG1 of Kluyveromyces lactisSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL Data Library under accession no. AJ586240.
Authors: Lemaire Marc , Wésolowski-Louvel Micheline 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
We isolated a mutant, rag17, which is impaired in glucose induction of expression of the major glucose transporter gene RAG1. The RAG17 gene encodes a protein 87% identical to S. cerevisiae enolases (Eno1 and Eno2). The Kleno null mutant showed no detectable enolase enzymatic activity and has severe growth defects on glucose and gluconeogenic carbon sources, indicating that K. lactis has a single enolase gene. In addition to RAG1, the transcription of several glycolytic genes was also strongly reduced in the ΔKleno mutant. Moreover, the defect in RAG1 expression was observed in other mutants of the glycolytic pathway (hexokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase). Therefore, it seems that the enolase and a functional glycolytic flux are necessary for induction of expression of the Rag1 glucose permease in K. lactis.
Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping With Cofactors and Application of Alternative Variants of the False Discovery Rate in an Enlarged Granddaughter Design
Authors: Bennewitz Jörn , Reinsch Norbert , Guiard Volker , Fritz Sebastien , Thomsen Hauke , Looft Christian , Kühn Christa , Schwerin Manfred , Weimann Christina , Erhardt Georg , Reinhardt Fritz , Reents Reinhard , Boichard Didier , Kalm Ernst 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
The experimental power of a granddaughter design to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) in dairy cattle is often limited by the availability of progeny-tested sires, by the ignoring of already identified QTL in the statistical analysis, and by the application of stringent experimentwise significance levels. This study describes an experiment that addressed these points. A large granddaughter design was set up that included sires from two countries (Germany and France), resulting in almost 2000 sires. The animals were genotyped for markers on nine different chromosomes. The QTL analysis was done for six traits separately using a multimarker regression that included putative QTL on other chromosomes as cofactors in the model. Different variants of the false discovery rate (FDR) were applied. Two of them accounted for the proportion of truly null hypotheses, which were estimated to be 0.28 and 0.3, respectively, and were therefore tailored to the experiment. A total of 25 QTL could be mapped when cofactors were included in the model—7 more than without cofactors. Controlling the FDR at 0.05 revealed 31 QTL for the two FDR methods that accounted for the proportion of truly null hypotheses. The relatively high power of this study can be attributed to the size of the experiment, to the QTL analysis with cofactors, and to the application of an appropriate FDR.
The Gene Sex-lethal of the Sciaridae Family (Order Diptera, Suborder Nematocera) and Its Phylogeny in Dipteran InsectsSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank data libraries under accession nos. AY538250 for Sciara coprophila, AY538251 for Rhynchosciara americana, and AY538252 for Trichosia pubescens.
Authors: Serna Esther , Gorab Eduardo , Ruiz M Fernanda , Goday Clara , Eirín-López José M , Sánchez Lucas 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
This article reports the cloning and characterization of the gene homologous to Sex-lethal (Sxl) of Drosophila melanogaster from Sciara coprophila, Rhynchosciara americana, and Trichosia pubescens. This gene plays the key role in controlling sex determination and dosage compensation in D. melanogaster. The Sxl gene of the three species studied produces a single transcript encoding a single protein in both males and females. Comparison of the Sxl proteins of these Nematocera insects with those of the Brachycera showed their two RNA-binding domains (RBD) to be highly conserved, whereas significant variation was observed in both the N- and C-terminal domains. The great majority of nucleotide changes in the RBDs were synonymous, indicating that purifying selection is acting on them. In both sexes of the three Nematocera insects, the Sxl protein colocalized with transcription-active regions dependent on RNA polymerase II but not on RNA polymerase I. Together, these results indicate that Sxl does not appear to play a discriminatory role in the control of sex determination and dosage compensation in nematocerans. Thus, in the phylogenetic lineage that gave rise to the drosophilids, evolution coopted for the Sxl gene, modified it, and converted it into the key gene controlling sex determination and dosage compensation. At the same time, however, certain properties of the recruited ancestral Sxl gene were beneficial, and these are maintained in the evolved Sxl gene, allowing it to exert its sex-determining and dose compensation functions in Drosophila.
Development of an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) Resource for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Lazo G R , Chao S , Hummel D D , Edwards H , Crossman C C , Lui N , Matthews D E , Carollo V L , Hane D L , You F M , Butler G E , Miller R E , Close T J , Peng J H , Lapitan N L V , Gustafson J P , Qi L L , Echalier B , Gill B S , Dilbirligi M , Randhawa H S , Gill K S , Greene R A , Sorrells M E , Akhunov E D , Dvořák J , Linkiewicz A M , Dubcovsky J , Hossain K G , Kalavacharla V , Kianian S F , Mahmoud A A ,   Miftahudin, Ma X-F , Conley E J , Anderson J A , Pathan M S , Nguyen H T , McGuire P E , Qualset C O , Anderson O D 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
This report describes the rationale, approaches, organization, and resource development leading to a large-scale deletion bin map of the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). Accompanying reports in this issue detail results from chromosome bin-mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) representing genes onto the seven homoeologous chromosome groups and a global analysis of the entire mapped wheat EST data set. Among the resources developed were the first extensive public wheat EST collection (113,220 ESTs). Described are protocols for sequencing, sequence processing, EST nomenclature, and the assembly of ESTs into contigs. These contigs plus singletons (unassembled ESTs) were used for selection of distinct sequence motif unigenes. Selected ESTs were rearrayed, validated by 5′ and 3′ sequencing, and amplified for probing a series of wheat aneuploid and deletion stocks. Images and data for all Southern hybridizations were deposited in databases and were used by the coordinators for each of the seven homoeologous chromosome groups to validate the mapping results. Results from this project have established the foundation for future developments in wheat genomics.
Early Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Obesity
Authors: Ahn Yoon Hae , Yoon Si Mong , Lee Jinwoo , Lee Sang-Min , Oh Dong Kyu , Lee Su Yeon , Park Mi Hyeon , Lim Chae-Man , Lee Hong Yeul ,   Korean Sepsis Alliance Investigators, Heo Jeongwon , Lee Jae-myeong , Kim Kyung Chan , Lee Yeon Joo , Cho Young-Jae , Lim Sung Yoon , Chang Youjin , Jeon Kyeongman , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Suh Gee Young , Hong Suk-Kyung , Hong Sang-Bum , Cho Woo Hyun , Kwak Sang Hyun , Lee Heung Bum , Ahn Jong-Joon , Seong Gil Myeong , Lee Song-I , Park Sunghoon , Park Tai Sun , Lee Su Hwan , Choi Eun Young , Moon Jae Young , Kang Hyung Koo 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceThe prevalence of obesity is increasing in the intensive care unit (ICU). Although obesity is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease, its association with early sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) and their combined association with patient outcomes warrant further investigation.ObjectiveTo explore the association between obesity, early SA-AKI incidence, and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis nationwide, prospective cohort study analyzed patients aged 19 years or older who had sepsis and were admitted to 20 tertiary hospital ICUs in Korea between September 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. Patients with preexisting stage 3A to 5 chronic kidney disease and those with missing body mass index (BMI) values were excluded.ExposuresSepsis and hospitalization in the ICU.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was SA-AKI incidence within 48 hours of ICU admission, and secondary outcomes were mortality and clinical recovery (survival to discharge within 30 days). Patients were categorized by BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and data were analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for key characteristics and clinical factors. Multivariable fractional polynomial regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the clinical outcomes with BMI as a continuous variable.ResultsOf the 4041 patients (median age, 73 years [IQR, 63-81 years]; 2349 [58.1%] male) included in the study, 1367 (33.8%) developed early SA-AKI. Obesity was associated with a higher incidence of SA-AKI compared with normal weight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15-1.70), as was every increase in BMI of 10 (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.47-2.08). While obesity was associated with lower in-hospital mortality in patients without SA-AKI compared with their counterparts without obesity (ie, underweight, normal weight, overweight) (AOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94), no difference in mortality was observed in those with SA-AKI (AOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.65-1.12). Although patients with obesity without SA-AKI had a greater likelihood of clinical recovery than their counterparts without obesity, clinical recovery was less likely among those with both obesity and SA-AKI.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with sepsis, obesity was associated with a higher risk of early SA-AKI and the presence of SA-AKI modified the association of obesity with clinical outcomes.
Die Meldepflicht als Grundlage der epidemiologischen Statistik: Die Auswirkungen der Meldepraxis und der Verwendung von paper technologies auf den Informationsgehalt von Morbiditätsstatistiken 1886–1921
Authors: Jochum Henrik 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel untersucht anhand einer Betrachtung der praktischen Umsetzung des schweizerischen Meldewesens für Infektionskrankheiten zwischen 1886 und 1921, welche Auswirkungen die Meldepraxis und die Verwendung vonpaper technologiesauf die Meldungen hatten, die daraufhin für Morbiditätsstatistiken verwendet wurden. Eine genaue Untersuchung der Herstellungsprozesse von Meldungen zeigt die Schwierigkeiten und Lösungsansätze bei der Umsetzung des gesetzlich vorgegebenen Meldeprozesses. Zwei Krankheitsausbrüche – ein Pockenausbruch in Schaffhausen und ein Typhusausbruch im Kanton Luzern – dienen dabei als Fallbeispiele. Es wird gezeigt, dass Meldungen mehr als nur objektive Repräsentationen von Erkrankungen sind, sondern auch die medizinisch-sozialen Interaktionen darstellen, die sie produzieren, gezeitigt durch administrative Werkzeuge wie Meldeformulare und den Akt des Meldens. Das problematisiert die Aussagekraft von historischen Statistiken und zeigt die Komplexität des historischen Quellenmaterials, da diese Interaktionen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Meldungen mit in Betracht gezogen werden müssen. Diese Erkenntnisse werden mit der Betrachtung des schweizerischen Meldewesens während der Spanischen Grippe 1918 und dessen Scheitern bei der Erfassung der Influenzafälle verdeutlicht.
Guardians of precision: advancing radiation protection, safety, and quality systems in nuclear medicine
Authors: Giammarile Francesco , Knoll Peter , Kunikowska Jolanta , Paez Diana , Estrada Lobato Enrique , Mikhail-Lette Miriam , Wahl Richard , Holmberg Ola , Abdel-Wahab May , Scott Andrew M. , Delgado Bolton Roberto C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In the rapidly evolving field of nuclear medicine, the paramount importance of radiation protection, safety, and quality systems cannot be overstated. This document provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate regulatory frameworks and guidelines, meticulously crafted and updated by national and international regulatory bodies to ensure the utmost safety and efficiency in the practice of nuclear medicine.

Methods
We explore the dynamic nature of these regulations, emphasizing their adaptability in accommodating technological advancements and the integration of nuclear medicine with other medical and scientific disciplines.

Results
Audits, both internal and external, are spotlighted for their pivotal role in assessing and ensuring compliance with established standards, promoting a culture of continuous improvement and excellence. We delve into the significant contributions of entities like the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and relevant professional societies in offering universally applicable guidelines that amalgamate the latest in scientific research, ethical considerations, and practical applicability.

Conclusions
The document underscores the essence of international collaborations in pooling expertise, resources, and insights, fostering a global community of practice where knowledge and innovations are shared. Readers will gain an in-depth understanding of the practical applications, challenges, and opportunities presented by these regulatory frameworks and audit processes. The ultimate goal is to inspire and inform ongoing efforts to enhance safety, quality, and effectiveness in nuclear medicine globally.
The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score correlate with transarterial and systemic treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Olbrich Anne , Niemeyer Johannes , Seiffert Hendrik , Ebel Sebastian , Gros Olga , Lordick Florian , Forstmeyer Dirk , Seehofer Daniel , Rademacher Sebastian , Denecke Timm , Matz-Soja Madlen , Berg Thomas , van Bömmel Florian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score are biomarker-based scoring systems used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both incorporate levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Our objective was to examine the relationship between the GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score and treatment response to transarterial or systemic treatments in patients with HCC.

Methods
A total of 220 patients with HCC treated with either transarterial (n = 121) or systemic treatments (n = 99; mainly Sorafenib) were retrospectively analyzed. The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score were calculated based on AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP levels measured in serum samples collected before treatment. The results were correlated with 3-month treatment efficacy based on radiologic mRECIST criteria.

Results
The GALAD score showed a strong correlation with BCLC stage (p < 0.001) and total tumor diameter before treatment (p < 0.001).The GALAD score at baseline was significantly lower in patients with a 3-month response to transarterial (p > 0.001) than in refractory patients. Among patients receiving systemic treatment, the median BALAD-2 score at baseline showed a strong association with response at month 3 (p < 0.001).
In the transarterial treatment group, the GALAD score (AUC = 0.715; p < 0.001) as well as the BALAD score (AUC = 0.696; p < 0.001) were associated with overall survival, hereby outperforming AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP.

Conclusion
The GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score hold significant promise as a prognostic tool for patients with early or intermediate-stage HCC who are undergoing transarterial or systemic treatments.
Antimicrobial and antitumor properties of anuran peptide temporin-SHf induce apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Antony Anet , Purayil Anupama Kizhakke , Olakkaran Shilpa , Dhannura Shweta , Shekh Shamasoddin , Gowd Konkallu Hanumae , Gurushankara Hunasanahally Puttaswamygowda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTemporin-SHf is a linear, ultra-short, hydrophobic, α-helix, and phe-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide. The antitumor activities and mechanism of temporin-SHf-induced cancer cell death are unknown. The temporin-SHf was synthesized by solid-phase Fmoc chemistry and antimicrobial and antitumor activities were investigated. Temporin-SHf was microbiocidal, non-hemolytic, and cytotoxic to human cancer cells but not to non-tumorigenic cells. It affected the cancer cells' lysosomal integrity and caused cell membrane damage. The temporin-SHf inhibited A549 cancer cell proliferation and migration. It is anti-angiogenic and causes cancer cell death through apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of action of temporin-SHf confirmed that it kills cancer cells by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis through an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Owing to its short length and broad spectrum of antitumor activity, temporin-SHf is a promising candidate for developing a new class of anticancer drugs.
Amplification, Resistance, and Kinetics of the Jaw Stretching Device (ARK-JSD): analysis of the force variation and implications for trismus therapy
Authors: Charters Emma , Cheng Kai , Dunn Masako , Luo Aaron , Aung Y. M. , Lewin Will , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Jaw-stretching devices, including the Amplification, Resistance, and Kinetics of the Jaw (ARK-JSD), are an effective option for treating trismus after head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. The force, however, that is applied to the patient’s jaw is unknown.

Methods
Ten ARK-JSD devices were constructed for each of the levels of resistance (total of 30 samples). Each sample was tested using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

Results
The easy, medium, and hard ARK-JSD had a mean maximum force of 12.3, 21.0, and 32.7 Newtons (N) at a mean interincisal distance (IID) of 8.0 mm, 13.0 mm, and 16.0 mm, respectively. The force varied by 6.9 N for the easy and 24.1 N for the hard ARK-JSD. Fatigue analysis demonstrated up to 5.5 N loss of force over 10 weeks.

Conclusion
The ARK-JSD is a low-cost trismus device that can force between 12.3 and 32.7 N. The variation in resistance may impact efficacy. Understanding this variation will assist clinicians and patients using the ARK-JSD for trismus therapy.