bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligent speech recognition algorithm in multimedia visual interaction via BiLSTM and attention mechanism
Authors: Feng Yican 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of information technology in modern society, the application of multimedia integration platform is more and more extensive. Speech recognition has become an important subject in the process of multimedia visual interaction. The accuracy of speech recognition is dependent on a number of elements, two of which are the acoustic characteristics of speech and the speech recognition model. Speech data is complex and changeable. Most methods only extract a single type of feature of the signal to represent the speech signal. This single feature cannot express the hidden information. And, the excellent speech recognition model can also better learn the characteristic speech information to improve performance. This work proposes a new method for speech recognition in multimedia visual interaction. First of all, this work considers the problem that a single feature cannot fully represent complex speech information. This paper proposes three kinds of feature fusion structures to extract speech information from different angles. This extracts three different fusion features based on the low-level features and higher-level sparse representation. Secondly, this work relies on the strong learning ability of neural network and the weight distribution mechanism of attention model. In this paper, the fusion feature is combined with the bidirectional long and short memory network with attention. The extracted fusion features contain more speech information with strong discrimination. When the weight increases, it can further improve the influence of features on the predicted value and improve the performance. Finally, this paper has carried out systematic experiments on the proposed method, and the results verify the feasibility.
Grenzen der Substitution ärztlicher Leistungen durch nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal
Authors: Bollinger M. , Russo S. G. 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Regierungskommission für eine moderne und bedarfsgerechte Krankenhausversorgung hat in ihrer neunten Stellungnahme eine weitgehende Substitution des Notarztdiensts durch nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal empfohlen. Insbesondere bei hochinvasiven, potenziell lebensrettenden Maßnahmen stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit eine Substitution durch nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal möglich ist. Um dies zu evaluieren, führten wir eine systematische Literaturrecherche zur endotrachealen Intubation durch Notärzte und nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal durch und verglichen die Ergebnisse miteinander.

Methode
Wir führten eine systematische Literaturrecherche in pubmed.gov (National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA) zu „first pass success“, Gesamterfolgsrate und unerkannten ösophagealen Fehlintubationen von präklinischen endotrachealen Intubationen durch nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal und Notärzte durch. Suchworte waren „prehospital“ und „intubation“ und „success“. Eingeschlossen wurden prospektive und retrospektive Studien, deren Daten aus dem gleichen Rettungsdienstsystem stammten. Die Ergebnisse wurden narrativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Wir erhielten insgesamt 523 Ergebnisse, von denen 8 Studien die Einschlusskriterien erfüllten. Auch in grundsätzlich Paramedic-basierten Rettungsdienstsystemen werden Notärzte eingesetzt, wie 7 der eingeschlossenen Studien zeigen. Notarztgeführte Rettungsmittel hatten einen hohen Intubationserfolg, auch wenn die Intubation durch nichtärztliches Rettungsdienstpersonal erfolgte. Der Intubationserfolg von nicht notarztgeführten Rettungsmitteln war deutlich schlechter. Die Qualifikation des eingesetzten notärztlichen Personals hatte einen deutlichen Einfluss auf den Intubationserfolg in den untersuchten Studien.

Schlussfolgerung
Hochinvasive Maßnahmen, wie z. B. die endotracheale Intubation, benötigen eine entsprechende Expertise. Eine Substitution dieser Maßnahmen durch Notfallsanitäter ist problematisch. Es wird daher auch weiterhin eine hohe Anzahl bodengebundener Notärzte nötig sein. Anforderungen an die Qualifikation des eingesetzten notärztlichen Personals sollten erhöht werden.

Graphic abstract
Imitation learning by state-only distribution matching
Authors: Boborzi Damian , Straehle Christoph-Nikolas , Buchner Jens S. , Mikelsons Lars 
Published: November 2023

AbstractImitation Learning from observation describes policy learning in a similar way to human learning. An agent’s policy is trained by observing an expert performing a task. Although many state-only imitation learning approaches are based on adversarial imitation learning, one main drawback is that adversarial training is often unstable and lacks a reliable convergence estimator. If the true environment reward is unknown and cannot be used to select the best-performing model, this can result in bad real-world policy performance. We propose a non-adversarial learning-from-observations approach, together with an interpretable convergence and performance metric. Our training objective minimizes the Kulback-Leibler divergence (KLD) between the policy and expert state transition trajectories which can be optimized in a non-adversarial fashion. Such methods demonstrate improved robustness when learned density models guide the optimization. We further improve the sample efficiency by rewriting the KLD minimization as the Soft Actor Critic objective based on a modified reward using additional density models that estimate the environment’s forward and backward dynamics. Finally, we evaluate the effectiveness of our approach on well-known continuous control environments and show state-of-the-art performance while having a reliable performance estimator compared to several recent learning-from-observation methods.
Revitalizing Urban Places: How Prosocial Organizations Acquire Saliency in the Eyes of Resisting Stakeholders
Authors: Capo Francesca , Vaccaro Antonino , Berrone Pascual 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProsocial organizations represent key actors in the quest to promote positive change, foster social impact, and revitalize cities. Notwithstanding their importance in tackling the increasing challenges threatening our society (e.g., pollution, socio-economic inequalities), these actors may not be perceived as salient in the eyes of different stakeholders, and thus their work may be jeopardized by multiple forms of resistance. Scant attention in research has been devoted to understand how prosocial organizations may acquire saliency and navigate these forms of resistance while pursuing urban revitalization. We address this gap by engaging in a qualitative investigation of a Sicilian cultural center. We found that the prosocial organization in our study could navigate different occurrences of resistance and acquire saliency by enacting mechanisms that leveraged the engagement of supporting stakeholders and the idiosyncratic characteristics of place. Our study contributes to the literature about urban revitalization, prosocial organizations, and stakeholder theory—while also complementing research investigating the role of place in management.
Comparison of all completed suicides in Frankfurt am Main (Hessen) before and during the early COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Koelzer S. C. , Verhoff M. A. , Toennes S. W. , Wunder C. , Kettner M. , Kern N. , Reif A. , Reif-Leonhard C. , Schlang C. , Beig I. , Dichter V. , Hauschild N. , Lemke D. , Kersten S. , Holz F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To research the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the prevalence and characteristics of all completed suicides in the city of Frankfurt am Main were compared for a 10-month period before the pandemic (March 2019–December 2019) with one during the early pandemic (March 2020–December 2020). Medicolegal data collected in the context of the FraPPE suicide prevention project were evaluated using descriptive statistical methods. In total, there were 81 suicides during the early pandemic period, as opposed to 86 in the pre-pandemic period. Though statistically not significant, the proportion of male suicides (73%) was higher during the early pandemic period than before (63%). The age-at-death was comparable in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods (average, 54.8 vs. 53.1 years). Between these two periods, there was no difference in respect to the three most commonly used suicide methods by men: fall from a height (26% vs. 22%), intoxication, and strangulation (each 24% vs. 19%). For women, there was, however, a shift in methods from strangulation (38%), intoxication (28%), and fall from a height (19%) to fall from a height (50%), strangulation (18%), intoxication, and collision with a rail vehicle (14% each). There was a trend towards more suicides among non-German nationals during the early pandemic (suicide rate/100,000 inhabitants: German, 14.3 vs. 11.5; non-German, 4.4 vs. 8.8). Before the pandemic, 54% of the suicides were known to have a mental illness in contrast to 44% during the early pandemic. Overall, no increase in completed suicides could be observed in Frankfurt am Main during the early pandemic.
Functional and nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma: two case reports and literature review
Authors: Yin Zhidong , Xu Xi , Cheng Lu , Kong Weike , He Yingfei , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractParathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant endocrine tumor. It can be divided into functional and non-functional types according to the tumor’s ability to secrete parathyroid hormone. Herein, we present a case each of functional and nonfunctional PC. Case 1: Functional PC. The main clinical symptoms were high parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia with bone injury and other complications. The mass was large, capsulated, and showed vascular invasion. The tumor was surgically removed, along with a part of the tracheal wall and recurrent laryngeal nerve that were invaded by the tumor. The ipsilateral and isthmus thyroid lobe and central lymph nodes were also removed. Medicines were given to lower blood calcium. The patient died 18 months after surgery because of severe pulmonary infection and tracheal stenosis. Case 2: Non-functional PC. The patient showed no obvious clinical symptoms, but physical examination revealed a thyroid nodule. Despite the small diameter, the mass still invaded the surrounding thyroid lobe, fat, and muscle tissue. Surgery was performed to remove the tumor and ipsilateral thyroid lobe and central lymph nodes. The patient survived without recurrence or metastasis. Thus, we believe that the prognosis of PC negatively correlates with the scope of surgery. Early surgery can improve patient prognosis, and physical examination is conducive to early detection of PC. Herein, we provide a description of the diagnostic workup and the treatment approach and review relevant studies. We summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of PC cases to provide evidence for early diagnosis and therapy, to improve patient prognosis.
A prospective comparative study on bladder volume measurement with portable ultrasound scanner and CT simulator in pelvic tumor radiotherapy
Authors: Bai Fei , Hu Qiuxia , Yao Xiaowei , Cheng Ming , Zhao Lina , Xu Linlin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective: The consistency of bladder volume is very important in pelvic tumor radiotherapy, and portable bladder scanner is a promising device to measure bladder volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the bladder volume of patients with pelvic tumor treated with radiotherapy can be accurately measured using the Meike Palm Bladder Scanner PBSV3.2 manufactured in China and the accuracy of its measurement under different influencing factors. Methods: A total of 165 patients with pelvic tumor undergoing radiotherapy were prospectively collected. The bladder volume was measured with PBSV3.2 before simulated localization. CT simulated localization was performed when the bladder volume was 200-400ml. The bladder volume was measured with PBSV3.2 immediately after localization and recorded. The bladder volume was then delineated on CT simulation images and recorded. To compare the consistency of CT simulation bladder volume and bladder volume measured by PBSV3.2. To investigate the accuracy of PBSV3.2 in different sex, age, treatment purpose, and bladder volume. Results: There was a significant positive correlation with bladder volume on CT and PBSV3.2 (r = 0.874; p < 0.001). The mean difference between CT measured values and PBSV3.2 was (-0.14 ± 50.17) ml. The results of the different variables showed that the overall mean of PBSV3.2 and CT measurements were statistically different in the age ≥ 65 years, bladder volumes > 400ml and ≤ 400ml groups (p = 0.028, 0.002, 0.001). There was no statistical significance between the remaining variables. The volume difference between PBSV3.2 measurement and CT was 12.87ml in male patients, which was larger than that in female patients 3.27ml. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficient was 0.473 for bladder volume greater than 400ml and 0.868 for bladder volume less than 400ml; the correlation coefficient of the other variables ranged from 0.802 to 0.893. Conclusion: This is the first large-sample study to evaluate the accuracy of PBSV3.2 in a pelvic tumor radiotherapy population using the convenient bladder scanner PBSV3.2 made in China. PBSV3.2 provides an acceptable indicator for monitoring bladder volume in patients with pelvic radiotherapy. It is recommended to monitor bladder volume with PBSV3.2 when the planned bladder volume is 200-400ml. For male and patients ≥ 65 years old, at least two repeat measurements are required when using a bladder scanner and the volume should be corrected by using a modified feature to improve bladder volume consistency.
Research on the mixed-mode fracture damage characteristics of shale soaked in different drilling fluids
Authors: Suo Yu , Zhao Yan-Jie , Fu Xiao-Fei , He Wen-Yuan , Pan Zhe-Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDrilling fluid is a vital component in drilling engineering and can be considered as the lifeblood of the drilling. It serves multiple functions such as cooling the drill bit, cleaning the wellbore, and maintaining wellbore stability. However, when the drilling fluid penetrate into the formation, it significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the rocks thus making the wellbore prone to instability. This paper focuses on the studying the fracture characteristics of shale samples with different pre-crack angles (15°, 30°, 45°) when immersion in different types of drilling fluids (water-based drilling fluid, alcohol-based drilling fluid, oil-based drilling fluid) using the SCB (Semi-circular bending) test. During the experiment, digital image correlation and acoustic emission techniques were employed to monitor and analyze the fracture characteristics of shale. The research findings showed that as the pre-crack angle increases, the fracture toughness and effective fracture toughness of Mode I fractures decrease continuously, while the fracture toughness of Mode II fractures gradually increases. The impact of drilling fluids on the fracture toughness of shale samples is in the following order: water-based drilling fluid > alcohol-based drilling fluid > oil-based drilling fluid. The length of the fracture process zone (FPZ) decreased with the increase of the pre-crack angle, and the FPZ length under different drilling fluid immersion shows varying degrees of enlargement, with the following effect: water-based drilling fluid > alcohol-based drilling fluid > oil-based drilling fluid. The horizontal strain and horizontal displacement generated before the rock sample fractures increase with the increasing angle of the pre-crack. After immersion in drilling fluid, the layering of horizontal displacement field becomes more evident, with the degree of straightness of horizontal displacement affecting it in the following order: oil-based drilling fluid > alcohol-based drilling fluid > water-based drilling fluid. As the pre-crack angle of the SCB sample gradually increases, the relative decrease in acoustic emission energy becomes more pronounced, and the decrease in b-value becomes more significant. After immersion in drilling fluid, the acoustic emission becomes more pronounced, and the b-value becomes more disorderly and decreases further. Finally, by analyzing the fracture patterns of SCB samples immersed in different drilling fluids, relevant fracture mode diagrams were established. The findings could be useful in developing strategies for optimizing drilling fluid selection and fracture stimulation design in shale formations.
The Life Course in Old English Poetry
Authors: Soper Harriet 
Published: November 2023

In the first book-length study of the whole lifespan in Old English verse, Harriet Soper reveals how poets depicted varied paths through life, including their staging of entanglements between human life courses and those of the nonhuman or more-than-human. While Old English poetry sometimes suggests that uniform patterns shape each life, paralleling patristic traditions of the ages of man, it also frequently disrupts a sense of steady linearity through the life course in striking ways, foregrounding moments of sudden upheaval over smooth continuity, contingency over predictability, and idiosyncrasy over regularity. Advancing new readings of a diverse range of Old English poems, Soper draws on an array of supporting contexts and theories to illuminate these texts, unearthing their complex and fascinating depictions of ageing through life. This title is part of the Flip it Open Programme and may also be available Open Access. Check our website Cambridge Core for details.
Biometric data's colonial imaginaries continue in Aadhaar's minimal data
Authors: Sahoo Sananda 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper considers three moments in the treatment of data about race and identity in India. Many elements go into the development of data imaginaries as these change over time. A complete history is beyond the scope of this paper, but I develop three key episodes to explore critical but changing features of interrelations between race, identity and statistical arguments historically. One aim is to explore key features of the argument developed by two significant individuals – Thomas Nelson Annadale and P.C. Mahalanobis – as they sought to develop databases that could answer questions about race formation and, in the case of Mahalanobis, might also be used to develop statistical methods on the one hand and aid governance on the other hand. A second aim is to use this historically based but highly selective investigation to uncover key features of the ideology with which the government of India has presented Aadhaar, its vast biometric identification system powered by authentication technologies afforded by artificial intelligence. This enables me to identify different forms of racial or ethnic identity that could be – and in one or two cases actually have been – implicated in the way Aadhaar has been used in practice.
Development and functioning of the mobile app-based mh-GAP intervention guide in detection and treatment of people with mental health conditions in primary healthcare settings in Nepal
Authors: Luitel Nagendra P. , Pudasaini Kriti , Pokhrel Pooja , Lamichhane Bishnu , Gautam Kamal , Adhikari Sandarba , Makhmud Akerke , Taylor Salisbury Tatiana , Votruba Nicole , Green Eric , Chowdhary Neerja , Jordans Mark J.D. , Kohrt Brandon A. , Dua Tarun , Thornicroft Graham , Carswell Kenneth 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the development process of a mobile app-based version of the World Health Organization mental health Gap Action Programme Intervention Guide, testing of the app prototypes, and its functionality in the assessment and management of people with mental health conditions in Nepal. Health workers’ perception of feasibility and acceptability of using mobile technology in mental health care was assessed during the inspiration phase (N = 43); the ideation phase involved the creation of prototypes; and prototype testing was conducted over multiple rounds with 15 healthcare providers. The app provides provisional diagnoses and treatment options based on reported symptoms. Participants found the app prototype useful in reminding them of the process of assessment and management of mental disorders. Some challenges were noted, these included a slow app prototype with multiple technical problems, including difficulty in navigating ‘yes’/‘no’ options, and there were challenges reviewing detailed symptoms of a particular disorder using a “more information” icon. The initial feasibility work suggests that if the technical issues are addressed, the e-mhGAP warrants further research to understand if it is a useful method in improving the detection of people with mental health conditions and initiation of evidence-based treatment in primary healthcare facilities.
Effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide in reducing air and surface bioburden in a multicenter clinical setting
Authors: Wright Don , Christie Jacqueline , Lawrence Jordan , Vaughn Kimberly L. , Walsh Timothy F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:To determine the effectiveness of dry hydrogen peroxide (DHP) in reducing environmental bioburden in occupied areas.Design:Prospective environmental cohort study.Setting:The study was conducted in 2 tertiary-care hospitals and 1 free-standing emergency department.Intervention:Environmental air and surface sites were cultured before and after continuous deployment of DHP systems in targeted hospital areas.Methods:In total, 1,554 surface and 1,036 air samples were collected from 74 patient areas among the 3 facilities on 3 consecutive days before DHP deployment and on days 14, 30, 60, and 90 after deployment. At each sampling time, 2 air samples were collected at each facility from 1 room without DHP, along with 2 outdoor samples from each facility. The impact of negative-pressure usage on the efficacy of DHP was also evaluated, with 1 hospital continuously using negative pressure, another utilizing it only in patient isolation scenarios, and another without negative pressure.Results:In the 2 facilities without continuous negative pressure, exposure to DHP was associated with a significant reduction in surface bioburden, characterized as total colony-forming units (P = .019; P = .002). Significant associations between DHP exposure and reductions in airborne bacterial load at the 2 hospitals were observed (P ≤ .001; P = .041), and the free-standing emergency department experienced a reduction that did not achieve statistical significance (P = .073).Conclusions:Our findings confirm that DHP has the potential to reduce microbial air and surface bioburden in occupied patient rooms with standard ventilation parameters.