bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research approaches in the development of interventions against vector-borne infection
Authors: Spielman Andrew 
Published: September 2003

SUMMARYThe conceptual basis of public health entomology developed at the turn of the twentieth century with the seminal experiments that guided the first vector-directed interventions. Within 50 years, technological advances built confidence in the power of research to resolve threats posed by vector-borne pathogens. Hope that the resulting diseases might be eliminated by time-limited interventions, however, soon became remote, thereby intensifying research efforts in vector biology. Beginning in the 1960s, US investigator-initiated grant proposals in vector biology were reviewed by a panel of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) that considered all proposals relating to `Tropical Medicine and Parasitology' (TMP). Following the recommendation of a conference held in 1978, proposals relating to insect physiology came to be reviewed by TMP. A standing `ad hoc entomology'study section was formed in 1982 to deal with this influx of proposals. Another conference, held in 1993, encouraged consideration of proposals relating to vector transgenics by that study section. By 1994, this diversion caused the community of US public health entomologists to petition, in vain,for a return to the original concept of vector biology. By 2003, so many molecular proposals were submitted that entomological studies containing a field component were removed to an epidemiological study section distinct from TMP. In 2002, only half as many vector biology training programs could be identified in the US as in 1982, with a proportionate loss of associated faculty. A conference convened by the Institute of Medicine in 2003 concluded that the `human resource capacity' in the US suitable for dealing with vector-related issues in health should be rebuilt. Although the development of such a discipline would depend largely on the system of investigator-initiated research proposals awarded by NIH, private donors and foundations seem likely to play an important role in this dynamic. The meld of vector biology, insect physiology and vector transgenics that will characterize the faculty that produces this new generation of public health entomologists remains to be defined.
Pre-donated autologous blood transfusion in scoliosis surgery
Authors: Ridgeway S. , Tai C. , Alton P. , Barnardo P. , Harrison D. J. 
Published: September 2003

We studied the use of autologous pre-donated blood transfusion in surgery for scoliosis in 45 patients who were divided into two groups; 27 who pre-donated autologous blood (group 1) and 18 who were planned recipients of allogenic blood (group 2). Normovolaemic haemodilution and intra-operative blood salvage was used in six patients in group 1 and three patients in group 2. The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, mean operative time, number of vertebral segments fused, total blood loss, length of stay in intensive care and length of stay in hospital. The risk of requiring allogenic blood transfusion was found to be significantly less in group 1 (7.4% ν 88.9%, p < 0.001). Only 5.21% of autologous units were wasted. Although intra-operative blood salvage reduced the total blood loss in both groups, it did not affect the need for subsequent allogenic transfusion or reduce the number of pre-donated autologous units which were given (p < 0.67). Autologous blood transfusion required extra time, personnel, resources and cost £28.88 per patient more than allogenic transfusion, however, the projected costs at May 2002 make this programme cost-effective by £51.54 per patient. Pre-donated autologous blood transfusion is acceptable and safe in scoliosis surgery. It significantly reduces the subsequent requirement of allogenic transfusion. Although the cost is currently more than allogenic transfusion, with the increase in the costs of the latter and the decrease in potential donors which is anticipated, pre-donation of autologous blood will become comparatively cost-effective.
Survival analysis of hips treated with flexion osteotomy for femoral head necrosis
Authors: Drescher W. , Fürst M , Hahne H. J. , Helfenstein A. , Petersen W. , Hassenpflug J. 
Published: September 2003

The treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (FHN) is controversial. It mainly occurs in young patients in whom total hip replacement is best avoided because of an increased risk of revision. The objective of this long-term follow-up study was to evaluate the outcome of intertrochanteric flexion osteotomy as a hip joint preserving operation for FHN. Over a 19-year period we carried out 70 intertrochanteric flexion osteotomies for FHN in 64 patients. The mean follow-up was 10.4 years (3.0 to 20.3). The overall mean Harris hip score increased from 51 points preoperatively to 71 points postoperatively. Six patients (9%) developed early postoperative complications. A total of 19 hips (27%) underwent total hip arthroplasty at a mean of 8.7 years after osteotomy. The five-year survival rate was 90%. Survival rates of hips in Ficat stage 2 were higher than those in stages 3 or 4. Hips with a preoperative necrotic angle of < 200° had a better survival probability than those with a necrotic angle > 200°. Our findings suggest that flexion osteotomy is a safe and effective procedure in Ficat stage 2 and 3 FHN, preferably with a necrotic angle of < 200°.
Electron Orbital Hybridization‐Enhanced Copper‐Nanocatalysis for Anti‐Infection
Authors: Luo Yao , Ruan Zesong , Guo Zhao , Chen Yunfeng , Lin Han , Ge Min , Zhu Chen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecurrent bacterial infections, impenetrable microbial biofilms, and irremediable antibiotic resistance are the most perilous threats in orthopedic implant‐associated infections (IAIs). Recently, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has been considered a promising therapy, while the clinical practices for existing CDT agents are limited by the low therapeutic efficiency in physiological circumstances. Herein, it is demonstrated that silica‐copper nanosheets (Si@Cu NSs) exhibit a combined therapeutic photothermal‐chemodynamic strategy for IAIs treatment with superior capacity and biocompatibility. This unique design endows the nanostructure with enhanced copper‐based Fenton‐like properties via p‐d orbital hybridization by incorporating copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) on silicene nanosheets (Si NSs) matrix, integrating inherent photothermal performance of Si NSs with specific catalytic anti‐infection of Cu NCs against planktonic bacteria and biofilms both in vitro and in vivo. This study not only reveals the promising bio‐application prospects of 2D nanocatalytic biomaterials but also demonstrates the feasibility of constructing novel CDT agents by orbital hybridization for the catalytic treatment of IAIs.
A Paper‐Like Hydrogel for Versatile Information Encryption and Decryption Via Chemical‐Induced Phase Separation
Authors: Hou Jun‐Bo , Chen Xin‐Shi , Zhao Yue 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInformation coding, recording, encryption, and decryption are of great importance in the field of anti‐counterfeiting, especially in the current AI information era. Herein, a paper‐like hydrogel composed of solely H‐bonded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(n‐vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), namely VAPN, is developed for multiple ways of encryption and decryption based on chemical‐induced phase separation. It not only exhibits excellent ability of ink absorption and retention by the noncovalent H‐bonds and n−π* interactions and good mechanical strength but also maintains a negligible volume change during the phase separation that is crucial for the information fidelity. Given that the noncovalent interactions are the driving force to trigger the phase separation in the hydrogel, available chemical inks are numerous ranging from small molecules to polymers. Furthermore, together with thermally induced phase separation, the different dynamic processes of the association and dissociation between ink molecules and the hydrogel endow the latter with reversible information recording and self‐erasing, temporary or permanent, and customized encryption and decryption.
Design of Near Infrared Light‐Powered Copper Phyllosilicate Nanomotors for Cuproptosis‐Based Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song Yibo , Zhan Guowu , Zhou Shu‐Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCuproptosis, a newly discovered cell death pathway, has shown great potential in cancer treatment. Herein, near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven nanomotors (CuSiO3@Au‐Pd NMs) are designed for cuproptosis‐assisted synergistic therapy with autonomous mobility and improved cellular uptake and tumor penetration. Specifically, the released Cu2+ ions from CuSiO3@Au‐Pd NMs can induce the Fenton‐like reaction, leading to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH), accompanied by the depletion of glutathione within the MCF‐7 cells. Additionally, the designed CuSiO3@Au‐Pd NMs also exhibit excellent photothermal effects, which can further promote the production of ·OH, resulting in intensified oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the enhanced tumor permeation efficiency and cellular uptake of CuSiO3@Au‐Pd NMs via autonomous movement under self‐thermophoretic forces are proved using 2D cellular experiments and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. The resultant intracellular accumulation of Cu2+ can induce the oligomerization of lipoylated proteins, leading to cuproptosis, along with the mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. More importantly, both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that CuSiO3@Au‐Pd NMs could penetrate deeply into tumors and exhibit great anticancer efficacy through multimodal therapeutic methods. These findings manifest promising potentials of NIR‐powered Cu‐based NMs with high maneuverability for future smart and synergistic cancer therapy.
Injectable Mesocellular Foam Silica Microparticles with a Dual Role of Cell‐Recruiting Scaffolds and Intracellular Delivery Vehicles for Enhanced Cancer Vaccine
Authors: Im Jihye , Choi Youngjin , Nguyen Thanh Loc , Kim Min Kyung , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe cancer vaccine is one of the potent cancer immunotherapies based on provoking antigen‐specific adaptive immune responses in patients. Activating host antigen‐presenting cells by delivering antigens and adjuvants is one of the most important requirements to enhance cancer vaccine efficacy. This study proposes an effective cancer vaccine platform based on injectable mesocellular foam (MCF) silica microparticles with a dual role capable of in situ recruitment of host dendritic cells (DCs) and intracellular delivery of antigens to the recruited DCs. Subcutaneously administrated MCF microparticles loaded with chemoattractant to DCs (GM‐CSF), antigenic protein (OVA), and TLR9 agonist (CpG‐ODN) lead to robust DC maturation and high antigen‐specific T cell responses. The cell recruitment, DC activation, and T cell responses of MCF‐based cancer vaccine are significantly higher than injectable mesoporous silica scaffold, of which role is mostly limited to the cell recruiting scaffold. These features of MCF lead to effective inhibition of tumor growth in prophylactic vaccine setting and lung metastatic cancer model, representing MCF enabling cell‐recruiting scaffold formation and intracellular delivery of antigen can be a promising material platform for an enhanced cancer vaccine.
Cu Nanoclusters Accelerate the Rate‐Determining Step of Oxygen Reduction on Fe─N─C in All pH Range
Authors: Liang Chen , Han Xu , Zhang Tianyu , Dong Bo , Li Yaping , Zhuang Zhongbin , Han Aijuan , Liu Junfeng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIncorporating atom‐nanocluster interactions into Fe─N─C single‐atom catalysts (Fe‐SACs) represents a viable strategy for enhancing their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, however, further investigation is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Herein, Cu nanoclusters are incorporated into Fe‐SACs to realize markedly enhanced pH‐universal ORR performance and investigate the underlying mechanism. The rate‐determining step (RDS) investigation reveals that the existence of Cu nanoclusters does not alter the RDS of Fe─N─C despite their differences in acidic, neutral, or alkaline media but instead optimizes the electronic configuration of Fe─N─C and significantly promotes the RDS. The synergistic effect between the Fe single atoms and Cu nanoclusters significantly enhances the half‐wave potential by 45, 90, and 18 mV in the HClO4, PBS, and KOH electrolytes, respectively. The catalysts further demonstrate remarkable maximum power densities of 971.4, 94.9, and 234.7 mW cm−2 in H2/O2 fuel cells, neutral Zn‐air batteries, and alkaline Zn‐air batteries, respectively.
The use of neurobiological evidence in sentencing mitigation
Authors: Khalid Zain , Lee Ruby , Wall Barry W. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNeurobiological evidence has grown increasingly relevant in U.S. criminal proceedings, particularly during sentencing. Neuroimaging, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography scans, may be introduced by defense counsel to demonstrate brain abnormalities to argue for more lenient sentencing. This practice is common for penalty mitigation in cases eligible for capital punishment. This article reviews the history of the use of neuroscience in criminal cases from the early 20th Century to present, noting pertinent legal and ethical considerations for the use of such evidence. The authors review important empirical research conducted in recent years regarding the use of neurobiological evidence in legal proceedings (such as mock‐juror studies) and guidance from the federal sentencing guidelines and the American Bar Association. The discussion also notes relevant case law in which neuroimaging, behavioral genetics, or other neurobiological data were introduced in criminal proceedings, particularly precedent‐setting U.S. Supreme Court cases.
Micropillar‐based channel patterning in high‐loading graphite anodes for superior Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Kim Doyoub , Magasinski Alexandre , Lee Seung‐Hun , Yoo Hana , Song Ah‐Young , Yushin Gleb 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study presents a low‐cost, one‐step electrode patterning method that uses a template with micropillars to indent a hexagonal array of channels in high‐loading graphite anodes for faster electrolyte infiltration and Li‐ion transport. In contrast to prior studies on using laser micro‐machining, active material losses could be completely avoided by the proposed methodology. The process can also be made roll‐to‐roll and continuous. Furthermore, the very small volume fraction of the introduced channels (<1 wt.%) has little impact on practically attainable energy density or specific energy. Yet, thus introducing pore channels significantly reduces electrolyte infiltration time and improves rate performance.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Psoralen Derivatives against Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Yang Hang , Yao Zheng , Yang Keli , Wang Chuanhao , Li Mochenxuan , Zhang Yanming , Yan Jianyu , Lv Rongxue , Wang Yongchuang , Huang Anhua , Zhang Daozuan , Li Wei , Wu Yuelin , Miao Zhenyuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractToday, the bacterial infections caused by multidrug‐resistant pathogens seriously threaten human health. Thereby, there is an urgent need to discover antibacterial drugs with novel mechanism. Here, novel psoralen derivatives had been designed and synthesized by a scaffold hopping strategy. Among these targeted twenty‐five compounds, compound ZM631 showed the best antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) with the low MIC of 1 μg/mL which is 2‐fold more active than that of the positive drug gepotidacin. Molecular docking study revealed that compound ZM631 fitted well in the active pockets of bacterial S. aureus DNA gyrase and formed a key hydrogen bond binding with the residue ASP‐1083. These findings demonstrated that the psoralen scaffold could serve as an antibacterial lead compound for further drug development against multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections.
Purification and partial characterization of a sperm motility‐inhibitory protein of ram cauda epididymal plasma
Authors: Lal Pyare , Jorasia Kalpana , Rathore Narendra Singh , Kumar Vijay , Singh Raghvendar , Moolchandrani Anil , Paul Rajani Kr. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMammalian sperm remain quiescent but fertile for several weeks in cauda epididymis. Although several sperm quiescent factors of epididymal plasma have been identified in goat, pig and cattle; however, little is known in sheep. In the present study, purification and characterization of a novel sperm quiescent protein of ovine cauda epididymal plasma (CEP) was carried out. The sperm quiescent protein was partially purified by hydroxyapatite gel adsorption chromatography followed by DEAE‐sepharose® anion exchange chromatography. In the latter, the sperm quiescent activity was eluted both in 0.05 and 0.2 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) fractions having a predominant protein of about 80 and 70 kDa with 87% and 63% homogeneity, respectively. The proteins were designated as motility‐inhibitory factor of sheep I and II (MIFS‐I and II), respectively. Significant (about 60%) inhibition of sperm motility was observed following treatment of cauda epididymal sperm with 6 and 12 µg/mL of partially purified MIFS‐I and II, respectively. Specific activities of the partially purified MIFS‐I and II were 563 and 261 U/mg of protein, while the fold‐purification of the activity were 5119 and 2373, respectively. Both the proteins were heat‐labile and the activity was completely lost following incubation at 100°C for 5 min. Further, the partially purified MIFS‐I (5 µg/mL) caused significant reduction in in vitro sperm capacitation and slight decline in tyrosine phosphorylated p72 and p52 proteins; however the protein was nontoxic to sperm. Mass spectrometric analysis of MIFS‐I revealed significant identity with human semaphorin 3D. Both dot blot and western blot analysis demonstrated cross‐reactivity of MIFS‐I with polyclonal anti‐human SEMA3D antibody. It was concluded that the MIFS‐I of ovine CEP was putative ovine semaphorin 3D protein having potent sperm quiescent and decapacitating activities and it possibly acts through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphorylation.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrasubstituted 1,3‐Dienes from Propargylic Esters
Authors: Dai Mengfu , Kabandula Lucy Felicity , Tai Lanzhu , Wu Boxue , Song Liangliang , Chen Liang‐An 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed synthesis of propargylic esters has been widely investigated, offering distinctive opportunities to build 1,3‐diene skeletons. Access to 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted 1,3‐dienes has been a longstanding challenge in organic synthesis due to a great diversity of stereoisomers from four substituents and unpredictable regioselectivity. Given the synthetic challenges and the importance, inventing methods for the generation of this valuable architecture has gathered much more attention. Recently, several intriguing works concerning this topic have been achieved towards the high regio‐ and stereoselective elaborate 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted 1,3‐dienes. Herein, this concept summarizes recent advances in transition metal‐catalyzed construction of 1,2,3,4‐tetrasubstituted 1,3‐dienes from propargylic esters and discusses the mechanism as well as their applications.
Organic Donor‐Acceptor Complexes As Potential Semiconducting Materials
Authors: Mathur Chandani , Gupta Raakhi , Bansal Raj K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this review article, the synthesis, characterization and physico‐chemical properties of the organic donor‐acceptor complexes are highlighted and a special emphasis has been placed on developing them as semiconducting materials. The electron‐rich molecules, i. e., donors have been broadly grouped in three categories, namely polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen heterocycles and sulphur containing aromatic donors. The reactions of these classes of the donors with the acceptors, namely tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), tetracyanobenzene (TCNB), benzoquinone, pyromellitic dianhydride and pyromellitic diimides, fullerenes, phenazine, benzothiadiazole, naphthalimide, DMAD, maleic anhydride, viologens and naphthalene diimide are described. The potential applications of the resulting DA complexes for physico‐electronic purposes are also included. The theoretical investigation of many of these products with a view to rationalise their observed physico‐chemical properties is also discussed.
Fusing Bismuth and Mercaptocarboranes: Design and Biological Evaluation of Low‐Toxicity Antimicrobial Thiolato Complexes
Authors: Selg Christoph , Grell Toni , Brakel Alexandra , Andrews Philip C. , Hoffmann Ralf , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study proposes an innovative strategy to enhance the pharmacophore model of antimicrobial bismuth thiolato complex drugs by substituting hydrocarbon ligand structures with boron clusters, particularly icosahedral closo‐dicarbadodecaborane (C2B10H12, carboranes). The hetero‐ and homoleptic mercaptocarborane complexes BiPh2L (1) and BiL3 (2) (L=9‐S‐1,2‐C2B10H11) were prepared from 9‐mercaptocarborane (HL) and triphenylbismuth. Comprehensive characterization using NMR, IR, MS, and XRD techniques confirmed their successful synthesis. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in a liquid broth microdilution assay demonstrated micromolar to submicromolar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) suggesting high effectiveness against S. aureus and limited efficacy against E. coli. This study highlights the potential of boron‐containing bismuth complexes as promising antimicrobial agents, especially targeting Gram‐positive bacteria, thus contributing to the advancement of novel therapeutic approaches.
Label‐Retention Expansion Microscopy (LR‐ExM) for Enhanced Fluorescent Signals using Trifunctional Probes
Authors: Zhuang Yinyin , Shi Xiaoyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a super‐resolution imaging technique that bypasses the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy (∼250 nm) by enlarging samples with a swellable hydrogel. Combined with various light microscopes, ExM enables an effective resolution ranging from 5 to 70 nm. ExM has now been successfully applied to cell, tissue, and whole‐organism samples, providing biologists with a low‐cost strategy to visualize samples at the molecular level. However, fluorescence signal loss easily happens for beginners and with early versions of ExM protocols. Here, we describe a protocol called label‐retention expansion microscopy (LR‐ExM), which can preserve and enhance the signal of ExM imaging via a series of trifunctional probes. These trifunctional probes are antibody‐based and easy to prepare, and thus suit the needs of most laboratories. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: LR‐ExM using trifunctional probes for enhanced fluorescent signals