bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T1 and FLAIR signal intensities are related to tau pathology in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease
Authors: Rahmani Farzaneh , Brier Matthew R. , Gordon Brian A. , McKay Nicole , Flores Shaney , Keefe Sarah , Hornbeck Russ , Ances Beau , Joseph‐Mathurin Nelly , Xiong Chengjie , Wang Guoqiao , Raji Cyrus A. , Libre‐Guerra Jorge J. , Perrin Richard J. , McDade Eric , Daniels Alisha , Karch Celeste , Day Gregory S. , Brickman Adam M. , Fulham Michael , Jack Clifford R. , la La Fougère Christian , Reischl Gerald , Schofield Peter R. , Oh Hwamee , Levin Johannes , Vöglein Jonathan , Cash David M. , Yakushev Igor , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Klunk William E. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. ,   For the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN)
Published: October 2023

AbstractCarriers of mutations responsible for dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease provide a unique opportunity to study potential imaging biomarkers. Biomarkers based on routinely acquired clinical MR images, could supplement the extant invasive or logistically challenging) biomarker studies. We used 1104 longitudinal MR, 324 amyloid beta, and 87 tau positron emission tomography imaging sessions from 525 participants enrolled in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network Observational Study to extract novel imaging metrics representing the mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) of standardized image intensities of T1‐weighted and Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR scans. There was an exponential decrease in FLAIR‐μ in mutation carriers and an increase in FLAIR and T1 signal heterogeneity (T1‐σ and FLAIR‐σ) as participants approached the symptom onset in both supramarginal, the right postcentral and right superior temporal gyri as well as both caudate nuclei, putamina, thalami, and amygdalae. After controlling for the effect of regional atrophy, FLAIR‐μ decreased and T1‐σ and FLAIR‐σ increased with increasing amyloid beta and tau deposition in numerous cortical regions. In symptomatic mutation carriers and independent of the effect of regional atrophy, tau pathology demonstrated a stronger relationship with image intensity metrics, compared with amyloid pathology. We propose novel MR imaging intensity‐based metrics using standard clinical T1 and FLAIR images which strongly associates with the progression of pathology in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease. We suggest that tau pathology may be a key driver of the observed changes in this cohort of patients.
The effects of parental retirement on adult children's health: Evidence from China
Authors: Hao Zhuang , Cheng Huihui , Bärnighausen Till , Chen Simiao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing representative data from China, we examine the causal effects of parental retirement on the health of adult children. To do so, we adopt a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and exploit the mandatory retirement ages in China as cut‐off points. We find no evidence that parental retirement has significant effects on the mental health, healthcare utilization, or risky health behaviors of adult children. However, paternal retirement and maternal retirement have different effects on adult children's Self‐reported health (SRH). Paternal retirement has a significantly negative effect only on the SRH of sons, while maternal retirement does not induce such effects. Potential mechanisms of intergenerational transfer through which parental retirement might affect adult children's health are also explored.
Conducting formative research during a pandemic threat to inform the development of an obesity prevention social and behaviour change communication strategy in Tonga
Authors: Turk Tahir , Hufanga Sione , Latailakepa Sela , Fifita Lydia , Tolu Ofa ki Haileni , Hola Hotaia , Khran Jutta , Osornprasop Sutayut 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedThe global epidemic of obesity is overtaking many parts of the world with the Pacific Islands at particular risk. Tonga population surveys identify significant increases in overweight and obesity with Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) offering opportunities for curbing the rise in non‐communicable diseases. Formative research was conducted during the Covid‐19 pandemic to assess stakeholder and program beneficiary needs and wants toward an obesity prevention SBCC strategy in Tonga.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 17 key informants and 18 focus group discussions (N = 168) were conducted in Tongatapu. Data analysis was conducted on Nvivo 2020 qualitative software with desk research of secondary data supporting in‐field findings.ResultsPotential barriers to behavioural compliance included social/cultural norms, poor attitudes; low motivation and capability; and vulnerabilities of gender and other social determinants. Opportunities included the Tongan collective mindset and the desire for greater social interaction and fun. Strong political will to affect change was apparent with the need to consider targeting to youth, social mobilisation of communities through empowering messaging, and an integrated range of activities.ConclusionsCo‐design in the formative research process was able to be fostered via online communication processes to overcome the challenges of Covid‐19 travel restrictions. The innovative approach provided a number of learnings including identification of national and regional priorities and improved efficiencies in SBCC planning, implementation and evaluation.So What?Formative research adopting co‐design approaches with stakeholders and program beneficiaries can provide optimal engagement and ownership in the SBCC strategy including insights into messaging approaches.
Tele‐mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review of the literature focused on technical aspects and challenges
Authors: Nazemi Maryam , Kiani Shamim , Zakerabasali Somayyeh 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionMental disorders are the leading cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide, which leads to the death of more than 9 million people annually. The global impact of the Coronavirus epidemic on mental health includes insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Therefore, given the current situation, innovations such as telemedicine to provide prevention and treatment services for people with mental disorders seem necessary.MethodsA literature review was performed according to the preferred items to report in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA). Covering a period from January 2020 to July 2023, we conducted a systematic literature search on five electronic databases (PubMed‐Mesh, Scopus, Web of Science, Science direct, and PsycInfo). The search strategy included three categories of keywords: Mental health, Tele, COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 112 articles were identified by searching the databases of published articles, 13 articles met our inclusion criteria. A total of 76.2% of them were related to patients with stress, anxiety, and depression issues. We found that the real‐time method has been the most common method used to communicate between the physician and the patient (92.3%). The communication technologies used also included telephone, video call, video conference, and E‐mail. During these communications, data was exchanged in text, voice, and video formats. In three studies (27%), interoperability with other systems was mentioned. In addition, 69.2% of the studies reported challenges, the most important of which were access to electronic and communication devices, network connection problems, audio and video problems, and privacy issues.ConclusionsConsidering the many advantages of telemedicine technology in the field of mental health, the need to use this technology in developing countries, including our country, is obvious. But the application of these technologies requires the investigation of technical aspects and challenges related to them as much as possible, which have been seen in few studies.
A Pharmacoeconomic Model to Evaluate Antibiotic Costs
Authors: Garrelts James C. , Horst W. Dale , Silkey Beryl , Gagnon Suzanne 
Published: October 2023

Study Objectives. To characterize patient sociodemographics and health, describe vancomycin treatment parameters and clinician‐rated outcomes, and determine costs associated with treatment including preparation and administration, adverse events, and toxicity.Design. A prospective study to develop a model for costs associated with antibiotic treatment (vancomycin).Setting. A community hospital.Patients. One hundred adults with active infections.Interventions. Mean duration of therapy was 10 days, and most patients received 2000 mg/day. Serum concentrations were monitored in two of three patients. Detailed cost analyses were completed on a subset of 26 patients selected at random from the overall sample.Measurements and Main Results. Sepsis and skin and skin structure infections were the most common indications for vancomycin therapy. Treatment was effective in 81 patients, failed in 9, and was not evaluable in 10. Thirty‐eight percent of patients experienced adverse events attributable to the drug. Phlebitis was common, and red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity were infrequent.Conclusions. Total cost of vancomycin treatment for 100 patients was $30,251: $23,855 for preparation and administration, $1710 for monitoring serum concentrations, and $4686 for treating adverse reactions. Drug costs accounted for only 55% of the total cost. Vancomycin is safe and effective, but phlebitis is underreported and significantly affects cost.
One‐Year Experience in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia with Finasteride
Authors: Gormley Glenn 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFinasteride (MK‐906) is a 5α‐reductase inhibitor that reduces circulating dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels without lowering testosterone levels. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of long‐term (12 months) treatment with finasteride in 67 men with benign prostatic hyperplasia to determine if previously reported short‐term efficacy was maintained with chronic therapy. Treatment with 10 mg of finasteride resulted in a 78% to 80% reduction in DHT levels (P < 0.001) levels, and a small but significant increase in testosterone levels (P < 0.05) that were maintained over the 12‐month period. Significant reduction in prostate volume was observed after 6 months of treatment and maintained at month 12 (P < 0.05). In patients with baseline maximum flow rates ≤15 ml/second, maximum urinary flow significantly increased by a mean of 4 ml/second (P < 0.01), with at least a 3 ml/second improvement observed in up to 70% of the patients at month 12. These results indicate that finasteride can reduce prostate size and improve maximum urinary flow with no loss of efficacy after 1 year of treatment. It is concluded that finasteride has the potential to be an effective chronic therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
The Free Hormone Hypothesis Distinction from the Free Hormone Transport Hypothesis
Authors: MENDEL CARL M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT:
The free hormone transport hypothesis: distinction from the free hormone hypothesis
The free hormone hypothesis: importance of the rate‐limiting step in tissue uptake
Explicit consideration of multiple plasma hormone‐binding proteins in transport models
Diffusion barriers in transport models
Functions of plasma hormone‐binding proteins
Conclusions and areas for future investigation
Effect of lead exposure on histone modifications: A review
Authors: Kumar Kanishka , Anjali Sudha , Sharma Shailja 
Published: October 2023

AbstractLead at any levels can result in detrimental health effects affecting various organ systems. These systematic manifestations under Pb exposure and the underlying probable pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated completely. With advancements in molecular research under Pb exposure, epigenetics is one of the emerging field that has opened many possibilities for appreciating the role of Pb exposure in modulating gene expression profiles. In terms of epigenetic alterations reported in Pb toxicity, DNA methylation, and microRNA alterations are extensively explored in both experimental and epidemiological studies, however, the understanding of histone modifications under Pb exposure is still in its infant stage limited to experimental models. In this review, we aim to present a synoptic view of histone modifications explored in relation to Pb exposure attempting to bring out this potential lacunae in research. The scarcity of studies associating histone modifications with Pb toxicity, and the paucity of their validation in human cohort further emphasizes the strong research potential of this field. We summarize the review by presenting our hypotheses regarding the involvement of these histone modification in various diseases modalities associated with Pb toxicity
Fraxetin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of bladder cancer through the Akt pathway in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Weng Mingfang , Deng Zhen , Huang Shuijing , Lin Xiaowen , Xu Na , Sun Xinghui , Wu Weizhen , Lu Jun , Wang Dong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFraxetin, a natural compound extracted from the Chinese herb Cortex Fraxini, is reported to boast extensive antitumor properties in various cancers. However, whether fraxetin exhibited an anticancer effect on bladder cancer remains unknown. In this study, cell counting kit‐8 was utilized to detect cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis was performed for cell apoptosis analysis. Western blot analysis and real‐time PCR were used to ascertain gene expression analysis. A mouse bladder cancer xenograft model was established and subjected to fraxetin treatment. Fraxetin reduced the viability of bladder cancer cells, induced apoptosis in vitro, and inhibited the growth of bladder cancer in vivo. Fraxetin inhibited the Akt pathway in J82 cells. In conclusion, the growth inhibitory properties of fraxetin against bladder cancer may be mediated via an Akt inhibitory effect and cell apoptosis promotion.
CircMETTL15 induces TMTC3 production by absorbing miR‐944 to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell malignancy
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Chen Jianbo , Xu Shuzhen , Chen Yanwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrevious data have suggested the involvement of circular RNA (circRNA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. Up to now, the effect of circMETTL15 on HCC development remains unknown. This study aims to analyze the function of circMETTL15 in HCC development and the underlying mechanism. RNA expression of circMETTL15, miR‐944, and transmembrane O‐mannosyltransferase targeting cadherins 3 (TMTC3) were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Protein expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis assay or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell proliferation was investigated by cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐Ethynyl‐29‐deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and cell colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound‐healing assay and transwell assay, respectively. Angiogenic capacity was analyzed by tube formation assay. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were conducted to identify the interplay between miR‐944 and circMETTL15 or TMTC3. Xenograft mouse model assay was conducted to reveal the effect of circMETTL15 on tumor formation in vivo. CircMETTL15 and TMTC3 expression were significantly upregulated, while miR‐944 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues and cells. CircMETTL15 knockdown led to decreased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Besides, the inhibitors of miR‐944, a target miRNA of circMETTL15, partially restored circMETTL15 silencing‐mediated effects on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HCC cells. MiR‐944 overexpression also inhibited HCC cell malignancy by targeting TMTC3. Furthermore, circMETTL15 absence inhibited tumor formation by regulating miR‐944 and TMTC3 in vivo. In conclusion, circMETTL15 induced HCC development through the miR‐944/TMTC3 pathway, raising the potential of circMETTL15 as a target for HCC therapy.
Emergency department visits by older adults receiving postacute care in skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Tian Ye , Shultz Kaitlyn , Ryskina Kira 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkilled nursing facilities (SNF) represent a common postdischarge destination for hospitalized older adults. The goals of SNF care include the completion of extended skilled nursing care and physical rehabilitation to enable patients to safely return home. However, nearly one in four older adults discharged to SNF are rehospitalized and one in five seek care in the emergency department (ED) but are discharged back to SNF. Our aim was to measure the national prevalence and costs to Medicare of ED visits by SNF patients. Of the 1,551,703 Medicare beneficiaries discharged to SNF in 2019, 16.3% had an ED visit within 14 days (n = 253,104). Of those ED visits, 25.5% resulted in a same‐day discharge back to SNF (n = 64,472), costing Medicare $24.6 million. Novel care models that can leverage SNF staff and resources while providing rapid diagnostic services are urgently needed.
Comparison of clinical course of Mpox among HIV‐negative and HIV‐positive patients: A 2022 cohort of hospitalized patients in Central Europe
Authors: Kowalski Jacek , Cielniak Iwona , Garbacz‐Łagożna Ewelina , Cholewińska‐Szymańska Grażyna , Parczewski Miłosz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMpox has become the most significant orthopoxviral infection among humans. Since May 2022, there has been a multicountry outbreak of mpox across six continents. Retrospective observational cohort study of 94 patients with probable or confirmed mpox of whom 86.2% were hospitalized in Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Warsaw, Poland between May 16 and October 30, 2022. Most patients were young (median age: 31, IQR: 25−43 years), predominantly (88.3%) Polish men who have sex with men exposed most commonly in Poland (82.7%), Spain (6.2%), or Germany (4.9%). The median observed mpox incubation period was 7 (IQR: 4−8) days with the median hospitalization time of 7 (range: 2−24, IQR: 5−11) days. History of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was common in the group (previous syphilis or hepatitis C virus in 33.3% and 17.3%, respectively, 6.2% of early syphilis or gonorrhea). A significant proportion (n = 43, 45.7%) of mpox cases were people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), all except one were on stable and virologically effective (88.4% with HIV viral load <50 copies/mL) antiretroviral treatment. Chemsex was reported in 34.6% of hospitalized cases, more commonly among people with HIV (48.5% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.029). None of the mpox infected patients presented with advanced HIV infection. Despite the fact that 6.3% of cases presented with >50 skin lesions the course of the disease was self‐limited with no severe cases or deaths. There were no significant clinical or laboratory differences or complication rates between patients with and without HIV coinfection. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of mpox in Poland are similar to other countries, but there were no targeted, population oriented interventions or vaccination programs. Mpox diagnosis provided an opportunity to screen and diagnose other STIs. As Central European populations, including refugees from Ukraine, are largely unvaccinated against mpox access to preventive vaccinations and antiviral therapy should be maximized.
Human monkeypox: An updated appraisal on epidemiology, evolution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment strategies
Authors: Ejaz Mohammad , Jabeen Momina , Sharif Mehmoona , Syed Muhammad Ali , Shah Pir T. , Faryal Rani 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMonkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The recent occurrence of Mpox infections has become a significant global issue in recent months. Despite being an old disease with a low mortality rate, the ongoing multicountry outbreak is atypical due to its occurrence in nonendemic countries. The current review encompasses a comprehensive analysis of the literature pertaining to MPXV, with the aim of consolidating the existing data on the virus's epidemiological, biological, and clinical characteristics, as well as vaccination and treatment regimens against the virus.
The True‐Blue technique: Enhanced chondral assessment of the chest wall
Authors: Brahme Indraneel S. , LaRoque Michael C. , Paull Thomas Z. , Cole Peter A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThere is a growing understanding and identification of costal cartilage injuries, however, diagnosis of these injuries remains difficult. We present a novel radiodensity based coloring technique, termed the True‐Blue technique, to manipulate 3D CT imaging and more accurately diagnose costochondral injuries.
Fast and low‐cost method for direct and simultaneous determination of nitrogen and carbon in soybean leaves using benchtop and portable near‐infrared devices
Authors: da Silva Isadora Cristina Marteli , Abich José Guilherme , Maurer Natalia Bechi , Soares Jocelene , Pessatto Demis Faqui , Santos Roberta Oliveira , Helfer Gilson Augusto , da Costa Adilson Ben 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current techniques for determining carbon and nitrogen content to provide information about the nutritional status of plants are time‐consuming and expensive. For this reason, the objective of this study was to develop an analytical method for the direct and simultaneous determination of nitrogen and carbon elemental content in soybean leaves using near‐infrared spectroscopy and compare the performance of conventional (1100–2500 nm spectral range) and portable equipment (1100–1700 nm spectral range). Partial least‐squares regression models were developed using 27 soybean leaf samples collected during the 2021 harvest and applied for the simultaneous determination of carbon and nitrogen in 13 samples collected during the 2022 harvest.RESULTSThe root‐mean‐square error of prediction values for nitrogen and carbon were low (2.42 g kg−1 and 4.37 g kg−1 respectively) for the benchtop method yielded low but higher for the portable method (3.82 g kg−1 and 10.7 g kg−1 respectively). The benchtop method did not show significant differences when compared with the reference method for determining nitrogen and carbon. In contrast, the portable methodology showed potential as a screening method for determining nitrogen levels, particularly in fieldwork.CONCLUSIONThe methodologies evaluated in this study were implemented and evaluated under real crop monitoring conditions, using independent sets of calibration and prediction samples. Their utilization enables the acquisition of cost‐effective, safe analytical data aligning with the principles of green analytical chemistry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment of individual differences for aftereffect of viewing autostereoscopic 3D display
Authors: Wang Qin , Zhao Wu‐Xiang , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe representation of images on autostereoscopic 3D display often suffers from visual fatigue induced by stereoscopic images (VFSI) and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS), deriving from conflict between accommodation and convergence and from mismatches between vestibule system and visual system of viewers, respectively. In this study, a subjective experiment was conducted to investigate the implications of age and gender on the visual discomfort when watching the 3D video clips with four levels of parallax on autostereoscopic 3D display. This study found that the age of observers significantly affected both VFSI and VIMS symptoms. The young observers reported more serious VFSI and VIMS symptoms than the middle and elderly, while the three age groups had significantly pairwise difference for VIMS symptoms. Although gender differences did not exist in the ratio of VFSI symptoms, females had significant higher VIMS scores than males. The effect of parallax on symptom scores varied with age and gender. The elderly and male observers could endure larger parallax when compared to other groups. Furthermore, considering viewing safety for observers, it is recommended to limit parallax to a threshold of 40′.