bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomenological model for two-tone suppression
Authors: Sachs Murray B. , Abbas Paul J. 
Published: October 2005

A model relating discharge rate in single auditory-nerve fibers to parameters of a two-tone stimulus is presented. We consider cases where one tone is at fiber characteristic frequenfcy (CF) and the other tone produces two-tone suppression. The last stage in the model is a saturating nonlinearity. For the CF tone presented alone, the input to this nonlinearity is the CF amplitude; in the two-tone case, the CF amplitude is attenuated by a factor which depends only on the suppressor-tone amplitude and frequency. The model serves to relate a number of two-tone studies. In particular, it predicts our recently reported differences in two-tone suppression for the cases of suppressor frequencies above and below fiber CF.
Subject Classification: [43]65.35, [43]65.42.
Model for auditory localization
Authors: Searle C. L. , Braida L. D. , Davis M. F. , Colburn H. S. 
Published: October 2005

A mathematical model based on statistical decision theory has been devised to represent the human auditory localization task. The known localization cues have been represented as Gaussian random variables, so that their interaction in a given experiment can be analyzed (and predicted) along the lines of classical detection/estimation theory. We have applied this technique to most of the horizontal and vertical localization experiments reported in the literature during the past ten years, encompassing over 200 subjects and 20 000 trials. Using a nonlinear regression program we have been able to estimate the standard deviations of four of the auditory localization cues, allowing objective comparison of their relative accuracy. The resulting model provides a relatively good fit to the published results on 40 localization experiments.
Subject Classification: [43]65.62, [43]65.58, [43]65.35.
Factors in the discrimination of tonal patterns. II. Selective attention and learning under various levels of stimulus uncertainty
Authors: Watson Charles S. , Kelly William J. , Wroton Henry W. 
Published: October 2005

This is the second in a series of articles in human listeners’ abilities to discriminate between word-length tonal sequences, or ’’patterns.’’ The first article reported that frequency resolution, by highly trained listeners, is four to five times more accurate for high-frequency, late-occurring components of such sequences than for low−frequency early components [Watson, Kelly, and Benbasset, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 57, 1175–1185 (l975)]. These effects, which are similar to described as ’’recognition masking’’ or ’’informational masking’’ by other authors, have now been shown to be strongly dependent on the degree of trial-to-trial stimulus uncertainty of the psychophysical procedure in which they are measured. When stimulus uncertainty is reduced to its psychophysical minimum, frequency resolution for any component of a tonal sequence is only slightly less accurate than for isolated tones. Previous reports of recognition masking this may reflect limitations imposed by those more dynamic parts of the sensory process concerned with memory and attention, rather than information loss in the more static peripheral auditory system.
Subject Classification: [43]65.22, [43]65.75, [43]65.64, [43]65.58.
Interferometer method for the measurement of the ultrasonic properties of solids
Authors: Kritz J. 
Published: October 2005

An interferometer method for the measurement of the ultrasonic propagation velocity and absorption coefficient in solids is described. The method provides a simple procedure to permit accurate evaluation using standard laboratory test instruments. Impedance and frequency measurements at successive maxima and minima are made using a half-wave transducer coupled to a short sample. Experimental results of velocity versus temperature and absorption coefficient for polystyrene at 2 MHz are given and the results compared with other published values.
Subject Classification: [43]35.80, [43]35.26.
Design approach for quadrature sampled digital bandpass filters
Authors: Kerr D. E. , Lengyel M. W. 
Published: October 2005

A design procedure is developed for digital bandpass filters having quadrature sampling. The design process is developed from Nth-order bandpass sampling reconstruction theory. These filters possess properties that satisfy the requirements of a class of digital filter problems.
Subject Classification: [43]60.20; [43]85.32.
Lateralization of complex waveforms: Effects of fine structure, amplitude, and duration
Authors: Nuetzel John M. , Hafter Ervin R. 
Published: October 2005

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the use of interaural time as a cue for lateralization at high frequencies. Our study examines this question using AM complexes with carriers of 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600, 3900, 4200, and 4500 Hz, modulated at 300 Hz and interaurally delayed. The findings indicate that (a) the ability to lateralize these stimuli does not depend on low-frequency distortion, since this ability remains despite the presence of intense low-frequency masking; (b) the task is easier when the entire waveform, rather than just the modulation envelope, is delayed, though this difference seems to decline with practice; (c) the effects of stimulus amplitude and duration on the detection of interaural time differences are reminiscent of those observed with pure tones, although ongoing time differences may be more fully utilized with AM signals; and (d) lateralization declines with interaural carrier frequency discrepancy. We were unable to obtain lateralization of AM complexes at one ear against pure tones (at the modulation frequency) at the other. This strengthens the argument that all stimulus information used is carried in high-frequency channels.
Subject Classification: [43]65.62.
On the mechanics of vocal-fold vibration
Authors: Titze Ingo R. 
Published: October 2005

The human vocal fold is treated as a continuous, transversally isotropic, bounded medium. The theory of viscoelasticity is applied to formulate the stresses, strains, glottal tissue impedance, and propagation characteristics for sinusoidal oscillation within the vocal-fold tissues. Incompressibility of the tissues leads to a biharmonic differential equation, the solution of which represents commonly observed modes of vibration. The energy dissipated in the tissues and the associated damping factors are calculated. Mode impedances of the tissues are calculated and lumped-model approximations of the system evaluated. The usual mass-spring models are shown to be inadequate in certain important cases, especially during vocal-fold closure and for modes in which vertical phase differences occur.
Subject Classification: [43]70.20.
Discriminability, response bias, and phoneme categories in discrimination of voice onset time
Authors: Wood Charles C. 
Published: October 2005

The ’’phoneme-boundary effect’’ refers to the observation that discrimination of stop consonants across a boundary between phoneme categories is superior to discrimination of comparable stimulus differences within a phoneme category. The present experiment employed signal detection methodology (a) to distinguish between changes in discriminability and response bias; and (b) to reevaluate the role of phonetic categorization in the phoneme-boundary effect. A SAME–DIFFERENT discrimination task compared discrimination of 10− and 20−msec differences in voice onset time (VOT) in a synthetic stimulus continuum ranging from [ba] to [pa] (VOT’s from −50 to +70 msec). Both a clear increase in discriminability and a marked shift in response bias from SAME to DIFFERENT occurred near the voiced–voiceless boundary. When variations in VOT were isolated from syllable context so that they were not categorized as phonemes, discriminability increased near the voiced–voiceless boundary in a manner comparable to the full-syllable stimuli. These data suggest that the phoneme-boundary effect in VOT discrimination reflects a genuine increase in discriminability near the phoneme boundary. However, in agreement with the recent data of J. D. Miller and his colleagues, these results suggest further that the phoneme-boundary effect for VOT is not due exclusively to phonetic categorization but may instead reflect acoustic and auditory properties which are distinct from phonetic processing.
Subject Classification: [43]70.30; [43]65.75; [43]70.35..
Shear properties of mammalian tissues at low megahertz frequencies
Authors: Frizzell Leon A. , Carstensen Edwin L. , Dyro Joseph F. 
Published: October 2005

Rough values for the transverse-wave specific acoustic impedance Zs=Rs+jXs, transverse velocity of sound cs, and transverse absorption coefficient αs have been measured for canine liver, kidney, muscle tissues, and for packed red blood cells in the frequency range from 2 to 14 MHz at 25°C. The ranges of the results are Rs=700–3000 Ωmech/cm2, Xs=400–4000 Ωmech/cm2, cs=900–10 000 cm/sec, and αs=2000–30 000 np/cm. The corresponding results for shear stiffness μ1 and viscosity μ2 are μ1&lt;107 dyn/cm2 and μ2=4–30 centipoise. At these frequencies the viscosities are orders of magnitude less than those reported at 0.5–5 kHz by Oestreicher (1951). The low impedances (viscosities) correspond to low velocities and extremely high absorption coefficients for shear waves in tissue.
Subject Classification: [43]80.20, [43]80.30.
Fluid-loading influence coefficients for a finite cylindrical shell
Authors: Sandman B. E. 
Published: October 2005

The fluid radiation loading exhibited by a finite cylindrical shell with rigid immovable end plates is investigated by implementing the methods of Fourier integral transforms. The solution is obtained for a generalized velocity distribution on the cylindrical surface. The numerical solution for a radially pulsating surface is utilized as the basis for comparison to previous investigations. In addition, the radiation loading displayed by the low-order modes of a simply supported shell section is obtained, and the relative effect of the imposed condition of an infinite cylindrical baffle embodying the shell is ascertained. It is shown that the classical solution for a vibrating band on an otherwise rigid surface offers a reasonable approximation in the determination of the fluid radiation loading imparted to a finite cylindrical shell with rigid end closures.
Subject Classification: [43]20.60.
Multiple scattering between a cylinder and a plane
Authors: Bertrand J. C. , Young J. W. 
Published: October 2005

Experimental measurements of the backscattering of a plane acoustic wave by a rigid cylinder parallel to an elastic plate are compared with theoretical calculations. Two sets of calculations, one which includes the effects of multiple scattering between the cylinder and the plate abd one which ignores multiple scattering between the cylinder and the plate and one which ignores these effects, were performed. The measurements were done in fresh water these effects, were performed. The measurements were done in fresh water using a 5.08-cm-diam solid steel cylinder at various distances from a 0.635 cm-thick steel plate. The frequency of the incident wave was varied from 50 to 100 kHz. Comparisons between the theories and experiment were made both for the case of the cylinder in front of the plate and for the case of the cylinder behind the plate. The results confirm that multiple scattering effects should be included in these scattering calculations.
Subject Classification: [43]30.40; [43]20.30.
Numerical-perturbation technique for the transverse vibrations of highly prestressed plates
Authors: Nayfeh Ali H. , Kamat M. P. 
Published: October 2005

Under the usual assumptions of small strains with moderately large rotations, the problem of the transverse vibrations of highly prestressed, nonuniform annular plates is reduced to the solution of the differential equation governing the transverse vibration of the corresponding prestressed membrane subject to modific boundary conditions that account for the effects of bending. The methods of matched asymptotic and/or composite expansions are used to determine these modified boundary conditions. The agreement of the results of both methods with known exact solutions for simple geometries demonstrates the efficiency of this technique when compared with other well-known numerical techniques.
Subject Classification: [43]40.24.
The effects of recall on reporting injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Warner M , Schenker N , Heinen M A , Fingerhut L A 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To examine effects of length of time between injury or poisoning and interview on the number of reported injury and poisoning episodes in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). (Hereinafter, both injuries and poisonings will be referred to as “injuries”.)Design:The NHIS collects data continuously on medically attended injuries occurring to family members during the three months before interview. Time between injury and interview was established by subtracting the reported injury date from the interview date. Values were multiply imputed for the 25% of the episodes for which dates were only partially reported.Main outcome measures:An analysis of mean square error (MSE) was used to quantify the extent of errors in estimated annual numbers of injuries and to compare the contributions of bias and variance to these errors.Results:The lowest estimated MSEs for annualized estimates for all injuries and for less severe injuries were attained when the annualized estimates were based on 3–6 elapsed cumulative weeks between injury and interview. The average weighted number of injuries reported per week per year was 8% lower in later weeks (weeks 6–13) than in earlier weeks (weeks 1–5) for all episodes, and 24% lower in later weeks than in earlier weeks for contusions/superficial injuries, with both differences being statistically significant. For fractures, however, the averages in the two periods were statistically similar.Conclusions:The error associated with the estimated annual number of injuries was large with a three month reference period for all injuries and for less severe injuries. Limiting analysis to episodes with up to five weeks between injury and interview has statistical, intuitive, and analytic appeal for all injuries and for less severe injuries.
Factors associated with bicycle helmet use among young adolescents in a multinational sample
Authors: Klein K S , Thompson D , Scheidt P C , Overpeck M D , Gross L A 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To determine factors associated with variation in bicycle helmet use by youth of different industrialized countries.Design:A multinational cross sectional nationally representative survey of health behaviors including symptoms, risk taking, school setting, and family context.Setting:School based survey of 26 countries.Subjects:School students, ages 11, 13, and 15 years totaling 112 843.Outcome measures:Reported frequency of bicycle helmet use among bicycle riders.Results:Reported helmet use varied greatly by country from 39.2% to 1.9%, with 12 countries reporting less than 10% of the bicycle riders as frequent helmet users and 14 countries more than 10%. Reported helmet use was highest at 11 years and decreased as children’s age increased. Use was positively associated with other healthy behaviors, with parental involvement, and with per capita gross domestic product of the country. It is negatively associated with risk taking behaviors. Countries reported to have interventions promoting helmet use, exemplified by helmet giveaway programmes, had greater frequency of reported helmet use than those without programmes.Conclusions:Bicycle helmet use among young adolescents varies greatly between countries; however, helmet use does not reach 50% in any country. Age is the most significant individual factor associated with helmet for helmet using countries. The observation that some helmet promotion programmes are reported for countries with relatively higher student helmet use and no programmes reported for the lowest helmet use countries, suggests the possibility of a relation and the need for objective evaluation of programme effectiveness.
Reaching an underserved population with a randomly assigned home safety intervention
Authors: Hendrickson S G 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To access an underserved, mobile segment of a monolingual Spanish speaking population and to improve maternal self efficacy for home safety behaviors using a culturally appropriate intervention.Design:A pre- and post-test experimental design tested differences in maternal childhood injury health beliefs (MCIHB) and controllable safety hazards (CHS). Participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Baseline data assessed demographic and study variables comparability. The intervention included counseling, assessment of maternal safety practices, and provision of safety items.Setting:A non-urban area in Texas where low income, largely migrant Hispanics represent the majority of residents.Participants:Eighty two mothers of 1–4 year old children.Results:The 95% retention rate of an itinerant, hard to reach population suggests that minority participants may be receptive to culturally appropriate home visits. The intervention group demonstrated improved self efficacy for home safety behaviors (F (2, 77)  = 7.50, p = 0.01). Mothers with stronger self efficacy and fewer perceived barriers had fewer accessible in-home hazards. Observed home hazard predictors were: (a) never being married; (b) poor home repair, (c) lower self efficacy for safety behaviors; and (d) control group status.Conclusions:Safety items coupled with a home visit tailored to child age and maternal culture was an effective intervention in a hard to reach population. This study contributes to designing research for a monolingual population with limited local language proficiency and community residency. Injuries represent a major source of health disparities in these neglected populations.
Child and adolescent injury as a result of falls from buildings and structures
Authors: Pressley J C , Barlow B 
Published: October 2005

Objective:To examine incidence, demographic risk factors, and patterns of injury resulting from falls from buildings and structures in areas with and without a legislation based prevention programme.Design and setting:The Health Care Cost and Utilization Project (KID-HCUP) was used to produce national estimates of hospital admissions due to falls from buildings in the US. Areas of New York with and without window guard legislation were identified through the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS).Subjects:Children and adolescents aged 0–18 years.Interventions:Legislation based window fall prevention programme with enforcement.Main outcome measures:Hospitalization for injury as a result of falls from buildings and structures in areas with and without enforced mandatory window guard legislation.Results:New York City has a higher proportion of the population residing in multifamily dwellings with 10 or more units compared with the nation (53.8%v12.6%, p<0.0001), but the incidence of injury resulting from falls from buildings is nearly half that observed in the US. For young children, warm weather risks begin earlier and extend later than previously reported. Incidence in very young minority children is nearly twice that of whites. Nearly 90% of children aged 0–4 years fall at home, but the proportion decreases linearly with age.Conclusions:Window guards are associated with reduced injury resulting from falls from buildings and should be mandated in multifamily dwellings where small children reside. Prevention programmes for young children should be initiated in early spring and continued through fall.
Both Microtubule-Stabilizing and Microtubule-Destabilizing Drugs Inhibit Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Accumulation and Activity by Disrupting Microtubule Function
Authors: Escuin Daniel , Kline Erik R. , Giannakakou Paraskevi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have recently identified a mechanistic link between disruption of the microtubule cytoskeleton and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis via the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. Based on this model, we hypothesized that other microtubule-targeting drugs may have a similar effect on HIF-1α. To test that hypothesis, we studied the effects of different clinically relevant microtubule-disrupting agents, including taxotere, epothilone B, discodermolide, vincristine, 2-methoxyestradiol, and colchicine. In all cases, HIF-1α protein, but not mRNA, was down-regulated in a drug dose–dependent manner. In addition, HIF-1α transcriptional activity was also inhibited by all drugs tested. To further examine whether these effects were dependent on microtubule network disruption, we tested the ability of epothilone B to inhibit HIF-1α protein in the human ovarian cancer cell line 1A9 and its β-tubulin mutant epothilone-resistant subclone 1A9/A8. Our data showed that epothilone B treatment down-regulated HIF-1α protein in the parental 1A9 cells but had no effect in the resistant 1A9/A8 cells. These observations were confirmed by confocal microscopy, which showed impaired nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α in parental 1A9 cells at epothilone B concentrations that induced extensive microtubule stabilization. In contrast, epothilone B treatment had no effect on either microtubules or HIF-1α nuclear accumulation in the resistant 1A9/A8 cells. Furthermore, epothilone B inhibited HIF-1 transcriptional activity in 1A9 cells, as evidenced by a hypoxia response element-luciferase reporter assay, but had no effect on HIF-1 activity in the resistant 1A9/A8 cells. These data directly link β-tubulin drug binding with HIF-1α protein inhibition. Our results further provide a strong rationale for testing taxanes and epothilones in clinical trials targeting HIF-1 in cancer patients.
Overexpression ofLAMP3/TSC403/DC-LAMPPromotes Metastasis in Uterine Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kanao Hiroyuki , Enomoto Takayuki , Kimura Toshihiro , Fujita Masami , Nakashima Ryuichi , Ueda Yutaka , Ueno Yuko , Miyatake Takashi , Yoshizaki Tatsuo , Buzard Gregory S. , Tanigami Akira , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Murata Yuji 
Published: October 2005

AbstractLAMP3 (DC-LAMP, TSC403, CD208) was originally isolated as a gene specifically expressed in lung tissues. LAMP3 is located on a chromosome 3q segment that is frequently amplified in some human cancers, including uterine cervical cancer. Because two other members of the LAMP family of lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, LAMP1 and LAMP2, were previously implicated in potentially modulating the interaction of vascular endothelial and cancer cells, we hypothesized that LAMP3 might also play an important part in metastasis. To clarify the metastatic potential of LAMP3 in cervical cancers, we transfected a LAMP3 expression vector into a human uterine cervical cancer cell line, TCS. In an in vitro invasion assay, the migration of LAMP3-overexpressing TCS cells was significantly higher than in control TCS cells. In an in vivo metastasis assay, distant metastasis was detected in 9 of 11 LAMP3-overexpressing TCS cell–injected mice and in only 1 of 11 control mice. Histologic study showed that LAMP3-overexpressing cells readily invaded into the lymph-vascular space. In clinical samples, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses showed that LAMP3 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in 47 of 47 (100%) cervical cancers and in 2 of 15 (13%) cervical intraepithelial neoplasias, compared with a low level of LAMP3 mRNA expressed in normal uterine cervixes. Interestingly, high LAMP3 expression was significantly correlated with the overall survival of patients with stage I/II cervical cancers. These findings indicate that LAMP3 overexpression is associated with an enhanced metastatic potential and may be a prognostic factor for cervical cancer.