bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent falls are associated with increased length of stay in elderly psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Greene Elaine , Cunningham Conal J. , Eustace Andrew , Kidd Nick , Clare Anthony W. , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectivesTo identify factors which may contribute to prolonged length of stay in an elderly psychiatric inpatient setting.DesignRetrospective case note study.MethodsA list of all patients over the age of 65 discharged from a private psychiatric hospital over a three‐year period excluding those with a length of stay of over 365 days was obtained (n = 1147). A random sample of 150 patients was selected from the study population. A case note study was then performed looking at a number of variables which have been postulated to affect length of stay. The resulting data was analysed using multivariate statistics.ResultsThere was no statistically significant association found between baseline factors (including age, gender, cognitive impairment, marital status, order of admission and preadmission living arrangement) and length of stay. Having recurrent falls whilst an inpatient was associated with prolonged hospital stay (p = 0.0006).ConclusionExperiencing recurrent falls whilst an inpatient is associated with prolonged length of stay. Recurrent falls in the elderly may be associated with both physical illness and the use of psychotropic medications. A prospective study examining factors contributing to falls would be important in decreasing fall risk and reducing length of stay. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and structural characterization of water‐soluble selenium reagents for the redox control of protein disulfide bonds
Authors: Iwaoka Michio , Takahashi Taro , Tomoda Shuji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new class of water‐soluble redox reagents (1–4) that contain selenium as the active site was developed for the purpose of the redox control of protein structures. The X‐ray crystallographic analyses revealed that trans‐3,4‐dihydroxy‐1‐selenolane (DHSred) (1) and its Se‐oxide (DHSox) (2) have two axial hydroxy groups on the selenolane five‐membered ring, whereas trans‐1,2‐diselenane‐4,5‐diol (DSTox) (3), a selenium analog of oxidized dithiothreitol (DTTox), has two equatorial hydroxy groups on the diselenane six‐membered ring. According to the vicinal3JHHcoupling constants observed for1–3, it was suggested that they adopt similar structures in solution to those in the solid state. Diselenothreitol (DSTred) (4), a selenium analog of dithiothreitol (DTTred), was also synthesized, but it was too air sensitive to be isolated. The reactions of1–4with DTToxand DTTredindicated that the oxidizing power of DHSox(2) exceeds by far that of DTTox, while the reducing power of DSTred(4) exceeds that of DTTred. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:293–299, 2001
Measuring the social importance of concentration or dispersion of individual health benefits
Authors: Rodríguez‐Míguez Eva , Pinto‐Prades José‐Luis 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we address the importance of distributive preferences in the social valuation of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). We propose a social welfare function that generalises the functions traditionally used in the health economic literature. The novelty is that, depending on the individual health gains, this function can represent either preferences for concentrating or preferences for spreading total gain or both together, an issue which has not been addressed until now. Based on an experiment, we observe that this generalisation provides a suitable approximation to the sampled social preferences. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcinoma of the skin of the head and neck with perineural invasion
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Amdur Robert J. , Williams Lorna Sohn , Mancuso Anthony A. , Stringer Scott P. , Mendenhall Nancy Price 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPerineural invasion is observed in a small subset of patients with carcinomas of the skin of the head and neck.MethodsReview of the patient literature highlighting the University of Florida experience.ResultsPatients with early perineural invasion are asymptomatic, and the phenomenon is discovered only on pathologic examination of the excised lesion. These patients are defined as having “incidental” perineural invasion, and treatment with surgery followed by postoperative irradiation results in a cure rate of approximately 80%. Undiagnosed, the perineural carcinoma slowly progresses and eventually results in symptoms, usually facial weakness or numbness. The disease eventually extends to the skull base and becomes incompletely resectable. Symptomatic patients are defined as having “clinical” perineural invasion, and aggressive treatment results in a cure rate of approximately 45%.ConclusionsPerineural invasion is an uncommon spread pattern observed in patients with skin cancer and is associated with a relatively poor prognosis. The likelihood of cure is inversely related to the proximal extent of the cancer and is lower for symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 24: 78–83, 2002.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in laryngeal neoplasia: Correlation with angiogenesis
Authors: Franchi Alessandro , Gallo Oreste , Paglierani Milena , Sardi Iacopo , Magnelli Lucia , Masini Emanuela , Santucci Marco 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe nitric oxide (NO) pathway plays a relevant role in angiogenesis and tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. The aim of this study was to assess whether the NO pathway may be correlated with angiogenesis in the transition from laryngeal dysplasia to invasive carcinoma.MethodsWe investigated the expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in 26 laryngeal precancerous lesions and 35 squamous cell carcinomas with respect to microvessel density. In addition, we determined iNOS activity and cGMP levels in specimens from SCCs.ResultsThere was a significant increase of iNOS levels detected immunohistochemically passing from hyperplastic/mild dysplastic to moderate/severe dysplastic lesions to SCC (p = .04). Accordingly, Northern and Western analyses demonstrated higher iNOS mRNA and protein levels in SCCs than dysplastic mucosa. iNOS expression was significantly correlated with microvessel counts both in the group of preneoplastic lesions (p = .02) and in the group of SCCs (p = .01). In addition, iNOS activity was correlated with iNOS immunohistochemical expression (p = .1) and was significantly associated with increased vascularization (p = .03) in SCCs. Similarly, iNOS expression was significantly correlated with cGMP levels in SCC (p = .02) and increased tumor vascularization correlated with higher cGMP levels (rs = .4; p = .01).ConclusionsOur data indicate that the NO pathway may play a relevant role in the angiogenesis associated with the progression from laryngeal dysplasia to laryngeal SCC. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 24: 16–23, 2002.
Internal jugular vein versus external jugular vein anastamosis: Implications for successful free tissue transfer
Authors: Chalian Ara A. , Anderson Timothy D. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular free flaps are becoming the reconstructive option of choice for many head and neck defects. Many previous studies have examined factors predicting free flap survival. No study has compared differences in free flap survival when anastomosed to the internal or external jugular systems.MethodsRetrospective review of all free flaps performed at an academic medical center by a single head and neck microvascular surgeon during the period July 1995 to December 1999. Flaps were closely monitored postoperatively and taken back to the operating room urgently for arterial insufficiency or venous congestion.ResultsOn hundred fifty‐six free flaps were performed during this time period. Sixty‐five free flaps were anastomosed to the external jugular (EJ) vein and 86 to the IJ system (62 to the proximal common facial vein, 17 end‐side on the IJ, and 7 to other branches). Five had either two venous anastomoses or were anastomosed to other veins and were excluded from statistical analysis. Six (4%) vascular thromboses occurred; 5 were venous and 1 arterial. Success by group was 99% for IJ anastomosis (1 arterial thrombosis) and 92% for EJ anastomosis (5 venous thromboses, p = .03). Urgent anastomotic revision and reperfusion salvaged 5 of the 6 flaps (overall success 99%).ConclusionsAlthough the overall success rate (96% success with 99% success with salvage) is comparable to other large series, microvascular free flaps anastomosed to the external jugular vein failed at a significantly higher rate than those anastomosed to the IJ system. This suggests that the IJ system should be used as a recipient vessel when feasible. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 475–478, 2001
Use of excitotoxins to lesion the hippocampus: Update
Authors: Jarrard Leonard E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough many of the problems associated with the use of conventional lesion techniques (aspiration, electrolytic, radiofrequency) can be avoided by employing focal injections of excitotoxins, experience gained over the past 12 years has shown that considerable care must be exercised with this newer method, to limit the cell loss to the intended area or structure. Of the toxins that have been used most often to selectively destroy the cells that comprise the hippocampus, ibotenic acid (IBO) and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) have proved to be nonspecific in their effects on different cell types and these toxins do not cause seizures. In contrast, focal injections of kainate (KA) and quisqualate result in damage that centers primarily in the CA3 pyramidal cell field and hilar cells in the dentate gyrus. In addition, there are obvious seizures and secondary distant damage involving a number of structures and areas associated with mediating seizure activity. Intrahippocampal injections of the toxin colchicine result in a preferential destruction of dentate granule cells but usually also lead to additional cell loss in adjacent areas. Attempts to limit cell loss to specific hippocampal subfields, using different toxins, have met with mixed success. Both the dosage of the agent and the volume injected are important in determining the extent of cell loss, but the volume of the toxin injected has been shown to be especially important in limiting the damage to the intended area. With the development of newer procedures (e.g., immunotoxins, gene knockouts, antisense) that permit more selective cell loss, it should be possible in the future to achieve a level of lesion control that has been lacking in the past. As with the use of excitotoxins, these newer approaches will require special care to limit the damage to the intended area and interpret the results obtained properly. Hippocampus 2002;12:405–414. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laminar film condensation heat transfer of hydrogen and nitrogen inside a vertical tube
Authors: Ohira Katsuhide 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere have been a number of experimental investigations on condensing heat transfer to cryogenic fluids. The investigations with nitrogen and oxygen have shown reasonable agreement between experimental data and those predicted by Nusselt's theory. On the other hand, in the previous investigations with much colder fluids, such as hydrogen, deuterium, and helium, the experimental condensing heat transfer coefficients are smaller than those predicted by Nusselt's theory, and these differences become much larger when the film Reynolds number or decreasing temperature difference across the condensate film is decreased. In the present investigation, hydrogen and nitrogen were condensed inside a vertical tube (d = 15 mm, L = 30 mm) under steady‐state conditions, respectively, and condensing heat transfer coefficients were precisely measured. From the experimental results, the condensing heat transfer coefficients for saturated hydrogen and nitrogen vapors agree with those predicted by Nusselt's theory within ±20%. The results of the present study suggest that deuterium and helium might also behave as predicted by Nusselt's theory. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res 30(7): 542–560, 2001
Heat transfer in an inclined enclosure with an inner rotating plate
Authors: Kimura Teruo , Takeuchi Masanori , Nagai Niroh , Yoshida Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effects of an inner rotating plate on the heat transfer in a differentially heated inclined enclosure were investigated experimentally. The aspect ratio of the enclosure (height/width) was 1 throughout the experiments. An acrylic plate with a small thermal conductivity was installed horizontally at the center of the square enclosure, and was rotated at various speeds by using a motor attached outside of the enclosure. The inclination angle of the enclosure was varied from –90° to 90°. Purified water was used for the working fluid. The flow pattern was sketched by a visualization experiment using aluminum powder. The heat transfer enhancement can be clearly seen for the inclined enclosure with the hot wall downward facing. The rotating plate used here is useful for the regulation of a wide‐ranging heat transfer rate. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 331–340, 2001
A comparative study of venlafaxine with a focused education and psychotherapy program versus venlafaxine alone in the treatment of depression in general practice
Authors: Judd F. K. , Piterman L. , Cockram A. M. , McCall L. , Weissman M. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe efficacy of a focused education and psychotherapy program (FEPP) plus antidepressant was compared with that of usual psychosocial treatment and antidepressant in a general practice setting. The FEPP comprised interpersonal counselling (IPC) delivered in a modified way to suit the general practice setting, together with patient education and selected cognitive behavioural techniques. All patients were treated with venlafaxine‐XR. Thirty‐one patients entered the study, three withdrawing before completion of the 12 week trial. Both treatments produced a statistically significant reduction in BDI and POMS scores from baseline, with greater improvement evident in the FEPP plus antidepressant group. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of seepage in erodibility
Authors: Owoputi L. O. , Stolte W. J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper describes a laboratory experimental study to examine the role of seepage in the soil‐water erosion process. The study utilized a laboratory flume, which was subjected to both seepage and rainfall in order to determine the exact character of the influence of seepage on erosion rates. The results from the experimental tests performed on sand and sandy clay till are reported.The experimental results show that seepage, by itself, has little effect on erosion rates. However, the erosion caused by rainfall is increased when seepage is present. The increased erosion was not caused by an increase in the total runoff from the seepage. It was found that seepage has an effect on the erodibility of the sand and sandy clay till. The results also show that the impact of seepage on the erodibility of the sand is greater than that of the sandy clay till. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying the scientific method to small catchment studies: a review of the Panola Mountain experience
Authors: Hooper Richard P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA hallmark of the scientific method is its iterative application to a problem to increase and refine the understanding of the underlying processes controlling it. A successful iterative application of the scientific method to catchment science (including the fields of hillslope hydrology and biogeochemistry) has been hindered by two factors. First, the scale at which controlled experiments can be performed is much smaller than the scale of the phenomenon of interest. Second, computer simulation models generally have not been used as hypothesis‐testing tools as rigorously as they might have been. Model evaluation often has gone only so far as evaluation of goodness of fit, rather than a full structural analysis, which is more useful when treating the model as a hypothesis. An iterative application of a simple mixing model to the Panola Mountain Research Watershed is reviewed to illustrate the increase in understanding gained by this approach and to discern general principles that may be applicable to other studies. The lessons learned include the need for an explicitly stated conceptual model of the catchment, the definition of objective measures of its applicability, and a clear linkage between the scale of observations and the scale of predictions. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations of tributaries to the Swan–Canning Estuary, 1987 to 1998
Authors: Donohue Robert , Davidson W. Angus , Peters Norman E. , Nelson Samuel , Jakowyna Brad 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTemporal wet‐season trends from 1987 to 1998 of total N and total P concentrations (TN and TP, respectively) in 14 tributaries to the Swan–Canning Estuary in Western Australia were evaluated using the Mann–Kendall or Seasonal kendall tests. Six of the catchments drained clay soils primarily on the Darling Plateau, which borders the sandy coastal plain on the east; two rural catchments drained the coastal plain; and six urban catchments drained the coastal plain. Generally, TN and TP were lower in tributaries draining clay soils than in tributaries draining siliceous sandy soils. Annual median TN and TP were relatively constant and no trends were detected in tributaries draining clay soils. TN and TP were higher (median TN = 1·6 and TP = 0·1 mg l−1) and more variable temporally in tributaries draining the coastal plain. Statistically significant (α < 0·01) TN trends were detected in 50% of the urban coastal plain tributaries and most were decreasing (−0·07 to +0·53 mg l−1 year−1). Decreasing TP trends were detected at the two rural coastal plain tributaries and two of the urban drains (−0·01 to 0·15 mg l−1 year−1 over periods from 5 to 12 years). Flow adjustment of TN and TP was responsible for removing trends in the raw data at some sites. The inter‐annual variability of TN and TP of coastal plain tributaries was also related to the proximity of the water table to the land surface, which in turn was related to the annual precipitation. Fixed‐interval sampling may be able to detect TN and TP changes associated with the implementation of management strategies in sandy coastal plain catchments. Tributary sampling during rainstorms and continuous monitoring of discharge are needed to better define processes controlling nutrient flux and concentration variability, and to detect trends in the urban catchments and the clay soil catchments, primarily those draining the Darling Plateau. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chinese cross‐border insolvencies: current issues and future developments*
Authors: Shi Jingxia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article deals with several problems pertaining to cross‐border insolvency, an important but ignored area in China. In this article, the current status of Chinese bankruptcy laws has been firstly addressed, with a focus on its legal blank on cross‐border insolvency and unsatisfactory judicial practice. Thereafter, the influential Guargdong International Trust and Investment company case has been analysed, which further highlights the inadequacy of Chinese bankruptcy legislation and crying needs for its reform. Basing on the essential principles embodied in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Model Law and European Union Regulation, the gaps between Chinese bankruptcy laws and international practice have been made clear. Accordingly, the developments of Chinese cross‐border insolvency have been proposed in order to provide helpful references for the future legislation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of the American anti‐smoking campaign on lung cancer mortality
Authors: Rodu Brad , Cole Philip 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCustomary statistics on smoking practices are limited because they do not correlate well with the frequency of smoking‐related diseases. Our study developed outcome measures based on lung cancer mortality and used them to assess the anti‐smoking campaign. Changes in mortality from lung cancer were used to assess significant smoking among 5‐year birth cohorts of white men born from 1901 to 1942. We used each cohort's lung cancer mortality rate at ages 40–44 to indicate its earlier smoking. A lung cancer mortality ratio was developed to describe each cohort's continued smoking from ages 40–44 to 55–59. These ratios were then compared with the durations of the cohorts' exposure to the anti‐smoking campaign that began in 1965. Lung cancer mortality in white men ages 40–44 peaked in 1970 and declined continuously thereafter, indicating that the anti‐smoking campaign promptly reduced significant smoking among younger men. However, the lung cancer mortality ratio indicates that only half of smokers in the specified birth cohorts were able to quit by ages 55–59, despite receiving ever more intense anti‐smoking messages. The anti‐smoking campaign produced moderate benefits among younger white male smokers but fewer benefits among older smokers because of the existence of a large number of inveterate smokers. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of genes involved in the carcinogenesis of human squamous cell cervical carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Qing , Lau Wen Min , Tay S.K. , Chew S.H. , Ho T.H. , Hui Kam M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe utilized RT‐PCR differential display and cDNA microarrays to identify cellular genes involved in the multi‐step carcinogenesis of squamous cell cervical carcinoma. Thirty‐eight cervical cancer patients in various stages of the disease and 5 non‐cervical cancer patients were studied. Twenty‐five cDNA clones were identified and these were subsequently demonstrated to be consistently over‐expressed in squamous cell cervical carcinoma biopsies of various FIGO stages. To further evaluate the possible role that these genes may play in the progression of disease, we performed Northern blot analysis and RNA‐RNA in situ hybridization studies using cervical cancer biopsies of various FIGO stages. Of particular interest are the 2 clones G32C4B and G30CC that have been identified to be the NADH dehydrogenase 4 gene and the gene that encodes ribosomal protein S12 respectively when compared to sequences available in the GenBank database. Increased expression of these 2 genes were detected in the matched normal tissues collected together with the late FIGO stages of cervical cancer biopsies. In comparison, upregulation of these 2 genes was not detected in cervical squamous epithelium collected from patients admitted for surgery for non‐malignant conditions, suggesting that expression of these 2 genes may have altered in the adjacent histopathologically “normal” cervical squamous epithelial tissue from cervical cancer patients. The ribosomal protein S12 and the NADH dehydrogenase 4 genes may therefore be potentially useful as early pre‐transformation diagnostic markers for human cervical cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.