bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild-Type p53 Overexpression and Its Correlation With MDM2 and p14ARF Alterations: An Alternative Pathway to Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Yu-Chien , Lin Ruo-Kai , Tan Yi-Hung , Chen Jung-Ta , Chen Chih-Yi , Wang Yi-Ching 
Published: December 2004

Purpose We found a relatively reduced frequency of p53 mutation with a much greater frequency of p53 protein overexpression, which reflected stabilization of p53 protein in the absence of p53 gene mutation. Therefore, we investigated the possibility of alternative mechanisms leading to p53 protein stabilization. Patients and Methods We performed gene and protein alteration studies on p53 and its upstream effectors, MDM2 and p14ARF, in tumors from 94 non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Results Immunohistochemical and sequencing analyses indicated that 37 tumors showed overexpression of wild-type p53. An absence of nuclear staining of MDM2 protein was found in 95% of these tumors (35 of 37; P < .001). The tumors with negative MDM2 staining showed a significantly high concordance of loss of Akt activity and low MDM2 mRNA expression (P < .001). Sequencing analysis revealed five distinct MDM2 splicing variants disrupting the conserved p53 binding domain. Corresponding variant proteins were detected in three lung cancer cell lines using the Western blot analysis. Our results also indicated that among the tumors with overexpression of the wild-type p53, 92% (34 of 37) showed immunoreactivity to p14ARF (P = .001). In addition, the deregulation of p53 and MDM2 genes was significantly associated with squamous lung cancer (P < .05) and was correlated with advanced stages (P < .05) and poor prognosis (P < .05). Conclusion Our data suggest that immunopositivity of p14ARF together with a low expression of MDM2 contributes to accumulation of the wild-type p53, and that deregulation of the p53-MDM2-p14ARF pathway is important in the pathogenesis and outcome of a subset of NSCLC.
The Emulsifying and De‐emulsifying Properties of Some Microbial Polysaccharides
Authors: Cooper D. G. , Zajic J. E. , Wood J. M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractZahlreiche mikrobielle Polysaccharide sind auf ihre Fäahigkeiten untersucht worden, Wasser‐ und ÖI‐Emulsionen zu brechen oder aber zu stabilisieren.Negativ geladene schwach verzweigte o‐Phosphonomannane mit einem relativ hohem Phosphorgehalt zeigen gute de‐emulgierende Eigenschaften.Mannane stellen schlechte De‐Emulgatoren dar, aber einige andere neutrale Polysaccharide erreichen fast so gute Werte wie die besten o‐Phosphonomannane.Die untersuchten Polysaccharide können nicht als effektive Emulgatoren bezeichnet werden.
A study of water‐air oxygen equilibrium for the analysis of deep tank aeration
Authors: Miháltz P. , Holló J. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDie Quellen der zur Berechung des Sauerstofftransfers herangezogenen Gleichgewichtsdaten des gelösten Sauerstoffs werden kritisch gesichtet und die Grenzen der Verwendbarkeit dieser Daten angegeben. Ein bisher nicht beschriebener Zusammenhang zwischen Temperatur, Gesamtdruck und Sauerstoffpartialdruck wird abgeleitet. Die Triebkraft‐Bedingungen der in der biologischen Abwasserreinigung immer breitere Anwendung findenden Tieftank‐Belüftung werden graphisch dargestellt, wobei die Zweckmäßigkeit der Anwendung der logarithmischen mittleren Triebkraft aufgezeigt wird. Für stationäre aerobe Systeme wird eine auf den folgenden Erwägungen basierende Methode zur Bestimmung von kLα beschrieben.
Das Autoselect‐System – ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. III. Ein Impfautomat zum Isolieren von Einzelkolonien
Authors: Schicht G. , Bradler G. , Steininger H. , Knöll H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAn inoculator enabling the isolation of colonies from petridishes onto agar‐filled microcultur cups, arranged in a pattern of 8 × 8 in cassettes, is described. The transfer of the colonies takes place by turning of an inoculation cross with 4 loops. While the cross stops and lowers, one loop is sterilized, another, which has been sterilized shortly before, is being cooled in sterile water, the next one is taking off some material from a colony and the last is spreading the material on the agar of a cup. The capacity of the machine accounts about 600 colonies per hour.
Bioconversion of lipophilic compounds by immobilized microbial cells in organic solvents
Authors: Fukui S. , Tanaka A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicrobial cells were gel‐entrapped with photo‐crosslinkable resin prepolymers or urethane prepolymers, respectively. The resulting gels have different tailor‐made hydrophobic or hydrophilic character. They were used for successful bioconversion of hydrophobic steroids and terpenoids in watersaturated mixtures of organic solvents. The experiments show the influence of the hydrophobicity of the gels and the polarity of the solvent mixtures, respectively. Use of hydrophobic gels and less polar solvents is preferable for bioconversion of hydrophobic compounds. The selective formation of a desired product among diverse products from a single substrate by appropriate use of hydrophobic or hydrophilic gels is possible. In each case, tests should be made to select the appropriate gel and solvent mixture. Bioconversions tested are: dehydroepiandrosterone to 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione; cholesterol to cholestenone; β‐sitosterol to β‐sitostenone; stigmasterol to stigmastenone; pregnenolone to progesterone; testosterone to Δ1‐dehydrotestosterone or 4‐androstene‐3,17‐dione, respectively; all with immobilized cells of Nocardia rhodocrous; and stereoselective hydrolysis of dl‐menthyl‐succinate to yield l‐menthol with immobilized cells of Rhodotorula minuta var. texensis.
Bioconversion of cellulose wastes to protein and sugar
Authors: Srinivasan V. R. , Miller T. F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA schematic representation of the variety of products which can be obtained by microbial conversion of cellulose is presented.Alkaline pre‐treatment has been used after milling in all the experiments. Solka‐floc or sugarcane bagasse was used as sources of cellulose. A cellulolytic strain of Aspergillus terreus (ATCC 30514) was cultivated in batch‐, fed batch and continuous culture up to 7 liter stirred tank fermenter. The general growth characteristics were determined by growing on glucose. Results of experiments on the growth of A. terreus for production of biomass on Solka‐floc or Sugarcane bagasse are given, also the ability of crude cellulases to produce sugar syrups by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose has been evaluated.
Regulation der mikrobiellen Alkanoxidation mit Hinblick auf die Produktbildung
Authors: Rehm H. J. , Reiff I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCatabolic pathways of long‐chain n‐alkanes in the range of C8 to C18 are demonstrated and results of investigation about the regulation of monoterminal oxidation are given:

– Enzymes of monoterminal alkane oxidation usually are inducible
– Several intermediates of alkane oxidation can inhibit the primary oxidation of concerned alkane
–Substances, e.g. glucose and glycerol, which ordinary don't be developed in catabolic alkane reactions, in many cases have an inhibitory effect on alkane oxidation
The regulation of catabolic pathways has a great influence on the formation of specific products This influence is demonstrated examplarily at the production of biotin, fatty acids and citric acid.
RNA removal from Candida utilis by chemical and thermal treatments
Authors: Otero M. A. , Bueno G. , Conde J. , Gonzáles A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe removal of the content of nucleic acids of fodder yeast (Candida utilis) by treatment with HCl or heat shock was investigatedAcid concentrations between 5 and 15% (on dried matter basis) were used. A maximal removal of the content of nucleic acids of 88% was realized wheńn was worked with 15% HCl, 90 °C during 30 minutes. But under this conditions were observed high demanges of protein and also of some essential amino acidsGood results for diminishing the content of nucleic acids were reached with the highest concentration of acid and a treatment during 20 minutesThe experiments with heat shock were carried out at 68 °C, different times for heating and different contents of yeastIn this way better results than for treatment with acid according to diminishing the content of nucleic acids and yield of protein and essential amino acids were reachedA removal of over 80% of the content of nucleic acids was achieved in all cases.
Gewinnung und Charakterisierung von Prolidase aus Escherichia coli B, II. Charakterisierung, Reinigung und Trägerfixierung des Enzyms
Authors: Ruttloff H. , Friese E. , Lasch J. , Koelsch R. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractProlidase, a specific exopeptidase, is isolated from Escherichia coli B. The enzyme being present in the raw extract is purified and enriched by fractionated ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE‐Sephadex A 50 as well as by gel filtration on Sepharose 4 B. Total yield of prolidase amounts to 19% with a 67fold enrichmentSubstrate specifity of the enzyme mainly corresponds to that of the animal prolidase. It is able to hydrolize the imido linkage at the N‐terminal end of prolin in the case of di‐ and tripeptides. The temperature optimum of prolidase from E. coli B is 37 °C, the pH‐optimum from pH 7.6 to 9.0. Storage stability at pH 8.6 and a temperature of 4 °C is optimal. The enzyme is only active in presence of Mn2+‐ions. This metal cannot be replaced by Mg2‐‐ or Zn2+‐ionsA high enzyme activity and storage stability in presence of Mn2+‐ions can be reached by immobilization of the prolidase, by covalent binding on Sepharose 6 B, adsorption on DEAE‐Sephadex as well as by combination with glutar dialdehyde on DEAE‐Sephadex.
Modeling step function responses in continuous fermentation processes
Authors: Simion F. A. , Wei Chia‐Jenn , Tanner R. D. , Crooke P. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractUnderstanding both the qualitative and quantitative transient responses to inlet flow and substrate step functions has been a relatively unsolved problem for continuous fermentation processes. This study of transient responses and simple descriptive models suggests that the saturation constant of the MONOD equation is a variable. Thatf variable depends on the rate constants of parallel biochemical pathways leading to cell growth, the concentration of cells themselves, and the concentration of all products in the culture. Mechanisms for describing the hysteresis behavior of the growth rate funcion are postulated in terms of the underlying molecular biology of the microbial system.
Rechnergestützte führung von fermentationsprozessen Teil I
Authors: Prause M. , Schulz H.‐J , Wagler D. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe industrial continuous fermentation for the production of microbial protein is like any real process subject to disturbances. The considerable social expenditures involved in production make it necessary to restrict the negative consequences of these disturbances to a minimum by means of suitable measures. One such measure is the computer‐aided adaptation of the static optimum. For the reaction on nonmeasurable disturbing inputs an algorithm is given containing the steps data filtering, adaption of process model and optimization, and the solution of the data‐filtering problem in the widest sense by spline functions is discussed. The application of this algorithm to a specific problem of process control is demonstrated in [1].
Biotin vitamers content of lactose and beet molasses
Authors: Szopa J. S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe biotin activity of beet and lactose molasses against the test strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 225 by auxanographic method was evaluated. The level of lactose molasses biotin activity is almost twice as high as that obtained in the case of beet molasses. The results of bioautography with test strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae 225 and Lactobacillus arabinosus 17‐5 indicate the qualitative composition of biotin derivatives (vitamers) in both molasses. Depending on the various technological steps e.g. sterilization or clarification one may find differences in the content and qualitative composition of biotin vitamers.
Die Bedeutung des Erhaltungsstoffwechsels und der „maximalen”︁ Ausbeute
Authors: Koné S. , Behrens U. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the microbial denitrification of a medium containing acetate as C‐source and of an industrial effluent containing volatile fatty acids as main components a ndphenolics as minor components.Values for m and Ymax are represented. It has been concluded that the maintenance coefficient comprises also those processes not involved in the maintenance metabolism of the cells.The least fraction of the rate of substrate utilization of this extended maintenance metabolism has been expressed by m · 100/qmax. From the values of Ymax a P/2e‐ratio < 1 and the equation of cell synthesis have been evaluated.
Heat flow measurements in aerobic microbial growth processes with a nonisothermal calorimeter operating directly in the fermenter
Authors: Heinritz B. , Stoll P. , Glombitza F. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA nonisothermal flow calorimeter operating directly in the fermenter was used for heat flow measurements of aerobic microbial growth processes with high biomass productivities. The measuring arrangement makes it possible to describe transitional stages of aerobic yeast cell growth by the ratio of heat production to oxygen consumption (oxy‐caloric coefficient). The oxy‐caloric coefficient was not constant under the described conditions. The results refer to the existence of an additional energy‐delivering mechanism in microbial systems with aerobic carbon source utilization. The mechanism can involve polyphosphate bond division coupled to biomass synthesis.
The genus thiobacillus: Physiology and industrial applications
Authors: Martínez J. P. , Garay E. , Alcaide E. , Hernández E. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis review deals with different aspects concerning the genus Thiobacillus as an obligat chemoautotroph able to oxidize reduced anorganic sulphur compounds. There are given the following topics: physiology of the genus (nutritional requirements, enzymatic complexes for sulphur oxidation, energy generation, reductive CO2 assimilation and growing in presence of organic compounds).The ecological significance of Thiobacilli in the sulphur cycle in Nature is presented. The industrial applications of Thiobacilli in respect to the leaching processes that allow the recovery of metals through oxidation and solubilization from low‐grade ores are discussed, with special reference to copper and uranium. A critical revision is done of acid mine drainage impact on the environment, and the use of adequate countermeasures is stressed.
Zur Kinetik der Mischsubstratutilisation bei der Citronensäure‐akkumulation durch Saccharomycopsis lipolytica EH 59
Authors: Iske U. , Gwenner Ch. , Bullmann M. , Uhlenhut G.‐J. , Schindler G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe mechanism and the kinetic of the assimilation of mixed substrates during the organism growth and the product excretion by strain of Saccharomycopsis lipolytica have been studied. The assimilation of citric acid for the organism growth was prevented when glucose and/or n‐paraffins are present as substrates. Citric acid concentrations higher than 30 g/l in the fermentation medium decrease the growth rate on the substrate glucose. Kinetic studies of the mixed substrate assimilation by means of a n‐tetradecane‐1‐C‐labelled paraffin fraction proved that in discontinuous as well as in continuous 1‐stage‐processes for microbial production of citric acid glucose as substrate is only used for the organism growth whereas the n‐paraffin fraction is only used for the acid excretion.
Enzymatische Hydrolyse und Ethanolgärung von Lignocellulosen
Authors: Danielová E. , Farkaš V. , Bauer Š 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis of different lignocellulosic materials (wheat straw, newspaper and microcrystalline cellulose Avicel PH 101) was studied using the cellulase complexes from Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and its mutants M 5, M 6, MHC 15 and MHC 22. The maximum yields of hydrolysis were obtained with wheat straw partially delignified with 1% NaOH as substrate, and using the enzyme from the mutants T. reesei M 6 and MHC 22. The possibility of simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation of wheat straw using the enzyme complex from M 6 and yeasts of the genus Candida and Torulopsis was also investigated. A good conversion of liberated glucose and cellobiose to ethanol was obtained, however, xylose was not fermented.
Biochemische und mikrobiologische Aspekte der „Nuoc‐mam”︁‐ Industrie in Vietnam
Authors: Phai Le Dinh 
Published: December 2004

AbstractNuoc‐mam is a traditional foodstuff of the people of Vietnam. It is an aromatic sauce of a pleasant taste and consists of a fish hydrolysate. The hitherto used method for producing Nuoc‐mam is on principle an autolysis of fish in combination with a microbial fermentation and leads to a salt containing solution of amino acids and of products from removed conversion‐ and synthese‐ products from fish and microorganisms.
SCP‐Produktion auf der Basis von Kohlenwasserstoffen
Authors: Ringpfeil M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractMicrobial synthesis of SCP on hydrocarbons is regaining importance. Improved methods of energetic balancing allow its economic assessment also under conditions denying direct proportionality between costs and social expenditures. Main methods for augmenting economy of SCP synthesis are recovery of further products beyond SCP, simplification of downstream processes, and rise in yield and productivity of fermentation.
Enzymology of alkane degradation in pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Vandecasteele J. P. , Blanchet D. , Tassin J. P. , Bonamy A. M. , Guerrillot L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA study of alkane degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been carried out over the last twelve years in the author's laboratory. This study has been aimed at the detailed characterization of the enzymes involved in alkane oxidation to fatty acids, alkane hydroxylase, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Here are summarized the main results of this study and described with some more detail the points which have not yet been reported. Some general conclusions which can be drawn from the evidence obtained are presented.
Untersuchungen zur Anreicherung von Ubichinon‐9 aus Lipid‐Kohlenwasserstoff‐Franktionen mittels Sepahdex LH‐20
Authors: Voigt B. , Reutgen H. , Worbs M. , Sesser I. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractSephadex LH‐20 was tested for a potential application in the enrichment of ubiquinone‐9 from a lipid‐hydrocarbon‐extract. The lipid‐hydrocarbon‐extract was isolated from yeast grown on gas oil (b. p. 240 to 380°C) as carbon‐source. The main components of the lipid‐hydrocarbon extract were phosphatides, glycerides, fatty acids, and hydrocarbons of gas oil. By use of Sephadex LH‐20 and CHCl3/CH3OH (2:1)as eluent it is possible to concentrate the whole ubiquinone‐9 in a special fraction both directly from the lipid‐hydrocarbon‐extract and from the aceton‐soluble part of the extractThe concentration of ubiquinone in the special fraction was ten times higher than in the raw‐material and the hydrocarbons were separated completely.Ubiquinone‐9 can be obtained by a simplified separation from the enriched fraction.
Fuel alcohol production by Zymomanas anaerobia: Kinetics
Authors: Kosaric N. , Ong S. L. , Duvnjak Z. , Moser A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractProcess kinetics of a strain of Zymomonas anaerobia,which recently was shown to posses a high potential for ethanol production,are described applying the formal macroapproachThe effect of ethanol inhibition on microbial growth,substrate utilization and alcohol production was investigated in detail. Growth rate and yield coefficients were affected by the ethanol concentrationSeveral mathematical model functions from literature were tested for the quantification of experimental batch data. As none of these models was able to describe the entire growth phase a modified model using formal kinetics was developed for the rates of growth,substrate utilization and product formation (see Eqs. 10, 14, 18).
Characteristics of genetic material with reference to patent documents
Authors: Knuth S. , Belyakova L. G. , Velkov V. V. , Dementyev V. N. , Lommi H. J. , Harper R. A. L , Gyllenberg H. G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractCharacteristics of genetic material: plasmids, vectors, recombinant DNA and DNA fragments were, studied from 235 patent documents. These documents were from the patent offices of the Federal, Republic of Germany (38), the German Democratic Republic (15), the European Patent Office (53), Finland (43), Great Britain (65), the Soviet Union (3), and the United States of America (18). Attention was paid also to the terminology used in the patent documents. According to this study the way in which the genetic material was characterized in patent documents of different countries was quite variable, and the terminology used was sometimes confusing.
Cultivation of yeasts on hydrolysate nutrient medium obtained from the production of microcrystalline cellulose
Authors: Sokolov T. , Kostov V. , Velkova R. , Kehlibarova L. , Jelev St. , Tzvetkova B. , Mladenova J. , Loseva L. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractStudies of the biomass production during a continuous cultivation of yeasts on a nutrient medium, prepared from a hydrolysate from the production of microcrystalline cellulose, have been carried out. A new strain of yeasts has been used. Its cultivation has been achieved without addition of biostimulators to the nutrient medium in spite of their absence in the initial hydrolysate. Practically a complete assimilation of sugars has been achieved at high dilution rates (D = 0.25 to 0.50 h+1). The yield of biomass achieved is above 50% compared to the initial sugars and it contains 48.89% true protein. The results obtained offer the possibility of a complex utilization of the products of cellulose hydrolysis in the production of microcrystalline cellulose with a realization of a waste free technology.
Microbial gas balance measurements: Basic interrelations and error estimation
Authors: Neubert M. , Minkevich I. G. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe given paper represents formulae for calculation of oxygen consumption and of carbon dioxide formation in a microbial culture obtained from corrected measuring data of gas balance measurements. Basic relations between these measuring data the respiration quotient RQ were derived. The influence of measuring error to the accuracy of determination of oxygen consumption and of carbon dioxide formation at the analysis of gas concentrations and of air flow is discussed. It is shown that the determination of carbon dioxide formation rate is possible in many cultivation regimes with better accuracy than the determination of oxygen uptake rate.
On Intermediate Products of Induced Autolysis of Intracellular Proteins of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast (in Russian)
Authors: Babayan T. L. , Latov V. K. , Belikov V. M. , Kalunyanza K. A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIt was discovered that in the process of baker's yeast autolysis the accumulation of intermediate peptides takes place. The separation and isolation of autolysate peptide fractions as obtained in various times from the beginning of the process, were accomplished. The qualitative characteristic of molecular‐weight variation of this fractions dependant on the time was also determined. The intermediate peptides were shown to be hydrolysed additionally with the help of their own immobilized proteases.