bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Examination of Seventh Grade Students' Mistakes in Adjective Usage in Descriptive Writing at SMPN 1 Bandar
Authors: Sitanggang Anita , Nababan Irene Adryani 
Published: February 2025

This research was intended to find out the types of error in using adjective in writing descriptive text made by the seventh grade students of SMPN 1 BANDAR. This research was conducted at SMPN 1 BANDAR. This research was used quantitative approach and content analysis was employed as the research methodology. The total participants of this research were thirty-three students taken from eight grade of SMPN 1 BANDAR by using purposive sampling. In collecting the data, the researcher used a descriptive writing test. The errors were collected, identified and classified based on Dulay’s (1982) Surface Strategy Taxonomy (SST) which consisted of four types of error namely omission, addition, misformation, and misodering. The results showed that there were four types of errors made by students in descriptive writing, there were: 1) omission (25,80%), 2) addition (22,58%), 3) misformation (25,80) and 4) misordering (25,80%). This research indicated that misformation was the highest error made by students.
Reversing the Lens: In National Judiciaries the CJEU Trusts? Insights from EU Migration and Asylum Law
Authors: Bekisz Hubert 
Published: February 2025

Reversing the Lens: In National Judiciaries the CJEU Trusts? Insights from EU Migration and Asylum Law
Trust and distrust have been explored as drivers influencing the choices of national courts in the preliminary ruling procedure, that is, whether to hand over the case to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This article proposes a novel account by reversing the roles to explore the CJEU’s trust and distrust in national judiciaries. While the reliance on national courts is inherent in the decentralised system of European Union (EU) law enforcement, the CJEU can impose significant limitations on national courts’ discretion in the application and enforcement of EU law. Trust and distrust in national judiciaries reflect the CJEU’s effort to reconcile averting claims of judicial activism with safeguarding the rule of law and promoting further European integration. Drawing on earlier literature on trust and distrust between judicial actors in Europe, this article conceptualises the CJEU’s trust and distrust in national judiciaries. It also establishes an analytical framework for analysing them through identifying trust-related considerations in the CJEU’s preliminary rulings: the intensity of interference with national procedural autonomy, the frequency of the use of deference to national courts, and the rigidity of the assessment of judicial independence. Zooming into the CJEU’s case law in a highly politicised area – EU migration and asylum law – suggests a shift from trust to distrust in national judiciaries. Having exposed vulnerabilities of Member States’ judicial structures, the rule of law and migration crises put into question the trustworthiness of national judiciaries and invite rethinking the judicial architecture of the EU.
On Fragments and Geometry
Authors: Rajkovic Nikolas M. 
Published: February 2025

On Fragments and Geometry
This article engages the narrative of fragmentation in international law by asserting that legal academics and professionals have failed to probe more deeply into ‘fragmentation’ as a concept and, more specifically, as a spatial metaphor. The contention here is that however central fragmentation has been to analyses of contemporary international law, this notion has been conceptually assumed, ahistorically accepted and philosophically under-examined. The ‘fragment’ metaphor is tied historically to a cartographic rationality – and thus ‘reality’ – of all social space being reducible to a geometric object and, correspondingly, a planimetric map. The purpose of this article is to generate an appreciation among international lawyers that the problem of ‘fragmentation’ is more deeply rooted in epistemology and conceptual history. This requires an explanation of how the conflation of social space with planimetric reduction came to be constructed historically and used politically, and how that model informs representations of legal practices and perceptions of ‘international legal order’ as an inherently absolute and geometric. This implies the need to dig up and expose background assumptions that have been working to precondition a ‘fragmented’ characterization of worldly space. With the metaphor of ‘digging’ in mind, I draw upon Michel Foucault’s ‘archaeology of knowledge’ and, specifically, his assertion that epochal ideas are grounded by layers of ‘obscure knowledge’ that initially seem unrelated to a discourse. In the case of the fragmentation narrative, I argue obscure but key layers can be found in the Cartesian paradigm of space as a geometric object and the modern States’ imperative to assert (geographic) jurisdiction. To support this claim, I attempt to excavate the fragment metaphor by discussing key developments that led to the production and projection of geometric and planimetric reality since the 16th century.
The Value of Narratives
Authors: Ranganathan Surabhi 
Published: February 2025

The Value of Narratives
‘Fragmentation’, ‘pluralism’, ‘constitutionalisation’ and ‘global administrative law’ are among the most dominant narratives of international legal order at present. Each narrative makes a descriptive claim about the current state of the international legal order, and outlines a normative vision for this order. Yet we must not lose sight of the conflicts between, and the contingency of these, and other narratives. This article seeks to recover both conflicts and contingency by showing how each may be used to explain a given event: the inauguration of a bilateral civil nuclear cooperation between the United State and India, better known as the ‘India-US nuclear deal’. I explain how the four narratives may be, and were, co-opted at different times to justify or critique the ‘deal’. This exercise serve two purposes: the application of four narratives reveal the various facets of the deal, and by its example the deal illuminates the stakes attached to each of the four narratives. In a final section, I reflect on why these four narratives enjoy their influential status in international legal scholarship.
International Criminal Law and Constitutionalisation
Authors: Ajevski Marjan 
Published: February 2025

International Criminal Law and Constitutionalization
As we move towards constructing narratives regarding the future outlook of global governance, constitutionalisation among them, the hope is that whatever shape this world order takes it will, somehow, forestall or hinder the possibility of a hegemonic order. This article tries to deconstruct the notion of hegemony and claims that as it currently stands it is useless in doing its critical work since every successful narrative will end up being hegemonic because it will employ the ‘hegemonic technique’ of presenting a particular value (or value system), a particular viewpoint, as universal or at least applying to those who do not share it. The only way for a narrative in this discourse not to be hegemonic would be for it to be either truly universal and find a perspective that stems from nowhere and everywhere – a divine perspective – or purely descriptive; the first being an impossibility for fallible beings and the other not worth engaging with since it has nothing to say about how things should be structured or decided in a specific situation.
Revisiting the Humanisation of International Law: Limits and Potential
Authors: Tzevelekos Vassilis P. 
Published: February 2025

Revisiting the Humanisation of International Law
The article critically evaluates the theory of the humanisation of international law. First, it argues that despite human rights having impact on (other areas of) international law, this trend has in the past been somewhat inflated. A number of examples are given where human rights have been tested against other objectives pursued by international law, with humanisation revealing its limits and actual dimensions. The second argument consists in identifying and highlighting obligations erga omnes (partes) and the principle of due diligence as two ‘systemic’ tools, that are central to the humanisation of international law. Both these tools form part of modern positive law, but may also make a positive contribution towards the direction of deeper humanisation in international law, having the potential, inter alia, to limit state will, establish occasional material normative hierarchy consisting in conditional priority in the fulfilment of human rights, give a communitarian tone to international law and invite states to be pro-active in the collective protection of their common interests and values. In its conclusions, the article offers a plausible explanation about the paradox it identifies of the limits of the humanisation on the one hand, and its potential for further development on the other. For, it is inherent in international law that the line separating the law from deontology is thin. The process of humanisation needs to be balanced with the other objectives of international law as well as reconciled with the decentralised and sovereignist origins of the pluralistic international legal system.
De liberale canon: argumenten voor vrijheid
Authors: Bood Alex 
Published: February 2025

The liberal canon: arguments for freedom
This article examines how a liberal public morality can be most successfully defended against perfectionism. First of all the five most important liberal arguments for freedom are taken from what is called the liberal canon: a number of characteristic works of John Locke, Immanuel Kant, John Stuart Mill, Isaiah Berlin, Joseph Raz, Ronald Dworkin, and John Rawls. These five arguments are identified as: social and political realism, respect for autonomy, fallibility of ideas, pluralism, and respect for reasonableness. Next, the persuasiveness of these arguments is assessed, starting with the argument of respect for reasonableness, which is at the heart of Rawls’s political liberalism. It is concluded that in itself this argument is not strong enough to persuade perfectionists. A powerful defence of a liberal public morality needs the other arguments for freedom as well. Finally, the paper outlines how these other arguments can strengthen the argument of respect for reasonableness in a coherent manner.
Political Freedom after Economic Freefall and Democratic Revolt
Authors: Beeckman Tinneke 
Published: February 2025

Political Freedom after Economic Freefall and Democratic Revolt
Can globalisation lead to more democracy? And if so, what concept of freedom lies at the basis of this development? The ideal of liberal freedom, supposedly exercised by the autonomous, rational individual is no longer tenable. Finding a new way of interpreting self-rule beyond self-interested choice has become a crucial aspect of regenerating democratic spirit. This paper formulates three comments on Winter’s paper. The first comment concerns the resemblance between the attitudes of consumers and voters. A second comment reflects on the positive heritage of the Enlightenment. A third comment focuses on the recent Tahrir Square protests and reflects on the republican civic tradition.
‘We Are Also Here.’ Whose Revolution Will Democracy Be?
Authors: Vega Judith 
Published: February 2025

‘We Are Also Here.’ Whose Revolution Will Democracy Be?
Steven Winter’s argument is premised on a sharp contrast of individualist and social revolutions. I elaborate my doubts about his argument on three accounts, involving feminist perspectives at various points. First, I take issue with Winter’s portrayal of liberal theory, redirecting the focus of his concern to economic libertarianism rather than liberalism, and arguing a more hospitable attitude to the Kantian pith in the theory of democracy. Secondly, I discuss his conceptualization of democracy, adding the conceptual distinction of civil society and public sphere. Thirdly, I question his normative notion of socially situated selves as having an intrinsic relation to social freedom. I moreover consult cultural history on the gendered symbolics of market and democracy to further problematize Winter’s take on either’s meaning for social freedom.
Juridical Acts and the Gap between Is and Ought
Authors: Hage Jaap 
Published: February 2025

Juridical Acts and the Gap between Is and Ought
This article addresses the possibility of deriving ought from is. To that purpose it casts doubt on the very distinction between is and ought; distinguishes between duties, obligations, being obligated and owing to do something; revitalises Searle’s famous derivation of ought from is by replacing promises with contracts; and discusses some of the traditional objections against this derivation. The conclusions are that it is not problematic at all to ‘derive’ the existence of obligations from solely is-premises, and that it is not very problematic to ‘derive’ an ought from the existence of an obligation. The quotes around ‘derive’ signal that the nature of derivation also plays a role in this discussion.
Percepção da anatomia vegetal dos alunos de escolas públicas de Altamira-PA: um relato de experiência
Authors: Silva Wangles Araújo da , Matos Janaina Silva de , Sousa Railene da Conceicão , Souza Carla Rebeca Santos , Silva Thamires Ferreira da , Farias Andressa Goltarde , Arraes Robson Luiz Costa Santos , Reis Alisson Rodrigo Souza 
Published: February 2025

A dificuldade de ensinar botânica, intensificada pela cegueira botânica, é um desafio contemporâneo, especialmente entre estudantes que não reconhecem a flora local. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a percepção da anatomia vegetal por estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio das escolas públicas no município de Altamira PA. Foram coletadas partes vegetais, como sementes, folhas e madeiras, submetidas a micro técnicas vegetais para produzir histotéca e cubos anatômicos didáticos da flora amazônica. O material confeccionado foi exposto em quatro escolas, acompanhado de fotografias e depoimentos dos estudantes. Os resultados demonstraram grande curiosidade dos alunos, que associaram as amostras às plantas de seu cotidiano, exploraram colorações histológicas, manipularam microscópios e identificaram espécies presentes em seus quintais. Conclui-se que metodologias didáticas interativas são importantes e eficazes para melhorar a percepção da natureza e destaca-se a necessidade de políticas públicas que aprimorem a infraestrutura escolar e fortaleçam a conexão entre universidades e escolas públicas.
Insights do efeito protetor de fitormônios contra a toxicidade de zinco a partir de ancoragens moleculares com Ascorbato Peroxidase de Ricinus communis L.
Authors: Filadelfo Crismeire Santana Santos , Silva Simone Alves , Oliveira Michelle dos Santos , Filadelfo Ciro Ribeiro 
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in silico mecanismo de defesa do sistema antioxidante contra zinco em Ricinus communis L. com ancoragens moleculares de fitormônios, desse metal e produtos do estresse oxidativo com Ascorbato Peroxidase (RcAPx). Com as sequências de bases nitrogenadas e de aminoácidos das RcAPxs, extraídas do NationalCenter for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), cinco famílias gênicas, proteicas e sete isoformas foram encontradas conforme Jardim-Messeder et al. (2022). Realizamos a análise dos cis-elementos envolvidos destas famílias proteicas a fim de selecionar uma RcAPx para as ancoragens e com a sequéncia de aminoácidos do sítio catalítico, que tomamos como referência do trabalho de Singh e Shah (2014), eleita a isoforma RcAPx.iso1. As localizações subcelulares resultaram que na maioria das RcAPxs são encontradas em organelas de vias metabólicas e o endereçamento ocorre muito com a fosforilação da serina. As modelagens por homologia validaram as estruturas 3D. Entre os resultados para as ancoragens moleculares destacam-se a giberelina (∆G = - 6,1 kcal/mol) e o brassinolídeo (∆G = - 6,0 kcal/mol) com maiores afinidades ao sítio catalítico da RcAPx.iso1, seguido da auxina (∆G = - 5,4 kcal/mol quando comparados ao substrato ascorbato (∆G = - 5,0 kcal/mol), ao padrão utilizado heme (∆G = - 5,6 kcal/mol), ao zinco (∆G = - 1,8 kcal/mol), ao peróxido de hidrogênio (∆G = - 3,3 kcal/mol) e ao malonaldeído (∆G = - 2,3 kcal/mol). Esses achados corroboram no entendimento do possível efeito protetor das RcAPxs por esses fitormônios contra o zinco e produtos do estresse oxidativo.
Analisis Faktor Host dan Sosial Budaya dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Usia Produktif (15-64 Tahun) di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wiradesa
Authors: Ratu Annisa Dyah Bestari  , Jaya Maulana  , Nur Lulu Fitriyani  , Hairil Akbar  
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan ketika tekanan darah di pembuluh darah meningkat secara kronis. Hal tersebut dapat terjadi karena jantung bekerja lebih keras memompa darah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan oksigen dan nutrisi tubuh. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2018 prevalensi hipertensi di dunia sebesar 26.4% atau 972 juta orang terkena penyakit hipertensi, angka ini mengalami peningkatan di tahun 2021 menjadi 29,2%. Jumlah penyandang hipertensi terus meningkat setiap tahunnya, diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 akan ada 1,5 Miliar orang yang terkena hipertensi.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor apa sajakah yang memengaruhi kerjadian hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wiradesa.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode case control dengan total 60 responden.
Hasil: Hasil dari analisis analisis chi square didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara ekonomi (OR: 0,434), status gizi (OR: 4,125), dan stres (OR: 10,545) dengan kejadian hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Wiradesa.
Kesimpulan: Hasil uji bivariat dengan uji chi square didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara ekonomi, status gizi, dan stres terhadap kejadian hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wiradesa.
Hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pengemudi Bentor di Kotamobagu
Authors: Dimkatni Ni Wayan 
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: Gizi kerja merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi Tingkat Kesehatan dan produktivitas kerja. Prestasi pekerja dapat ditentukan oleh status gizi pekerja. Kecukupan dan distribusi kalori yang seimbang selama bekerja dapat membuat pekerja lebih berenergi selama bekerja dan melakukan pekerjaan dengan baik. Seseorang yang berstatus gizi kurang tidak mungkin mampu bekerja dengan hasil yang maksimal karena prestasi kerja dipengaruhi oleh derajat Kesehatan seseorang. Pekerja yang sehat akan bekerja lebih giat, produktif, dan teliti sehingga dapat mencegah kecelakaan yang mungkin terjadi saat bekerja. Status gizi mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja Ketika. Ketika perusahaaan ingin memaksimalkan produktivitas pekerja, Perusahaan tersebut perlu memberikan makanan yang bergizi atau memberikan kemudahan terhadap akses makanan sehat. Selain itu, tempat kerja juga dapat dijadikan inisiatif penyediaan makanan yang sehat dan Pendidikan terkait gizi.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pengemudi Bentor di Kecamatan Kotamobagu Barat
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 100 orang.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji Korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pengemudi Bentor Kecamatan Kotamobagu Barat dengan nilai P-Value sebesar 0.658 dengan arah korelasi Positif.
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kelelahan Kerja pada Pengemudi Bentor di Kecamatan Kotamobagu Barat.
Kejadian Kasus Diare di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bendan Berdasarkan Waktu dan Wilyah
Authors: Teguh Irawan  , Yulis Indriyani  , Adelia Solecha Putri  , Evia Fardiana  , Erinda Keysha Mardiarini  , Novalista Ananda Putri  , Muhammad Syaikhon Yahya  , Hairil Akbar  
Published: February 2025

Latar belakang: : Diare merupakan suatu keadaan ketika konsistensi buang air besar lebih cair dari pada hari-hari biasanya, dengan frekuensi lebih dari tiga kali selama 24 jam. Diare merupakan sebagai kondisi seseorang meningkatnya frekuensi buang air besar dengan kondisi feses encer atau cair. Diare ditandai dengan gejala diawali dengan kram perut, muntah, mual dan penurunan berat badan. Berdasarkan data World Health Organization (WHO) Penyakit diare merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga pada anak di bawah 5 tahun dan bertanggung jawab atas kematian sekitar 443.832 anak setiap tahunnya serta data pada negara berkembang lebih besar dari negara maju, pada negara berkembang angka kejadian diare di India sekitar 91.270 kasus, Nigeria sekitar 74.431 kasus, dan Pakistan sekitar 32.773 kasus, tiga negara tersebut merupakan negara berkembang (WHO 2017) sedangkan angka kejadian diare pada negara maju seperti Filipina sebesar 8,39%.
Tujuan: Tujuan dari penulisan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimaan kejadaian diare di wilayah kerja puskesmas bendan berdasarkan waktu dan wilayah.
Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan data sekunder dan menggunakan teknik total sampling.
Hasil : Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kejadian diare paling banyak terjadi di wilayah kelurahan Bendan pada usia 15-14 tahun dan didominasi oleh jenis kelamin perempuan.
Kesimpulan: Hasil dari penelitian didapat bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, dan faktor kebersihan lingkungan terhadap kejadian diare di wilayah kerja puskesmas Bendan.
أثر المراجعة الداخلية على جودة التقارير المالية بالمصارف السعودية
Authors: أحمد آمنة عبد العال خالد 
Published: February 2025

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على أثر المراجعة الداخلية على جودة التقارير المالية في المصارف السعودية، اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتم استخدام استمارة الاستبانة بوصفها مصدراً أساسيا للحصول على البيانات اللازمة. توصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج من أهمها: يوجد أثر بين المراجعة الداخلية وتحسين جودة التقارير المالية بالمصارف في السعودية. التدريب والتطوير المهني المستمر لفريق المراجعة الداخلية يساهم في تحسين جودة التقارير المالية في المصارف. أوصت الدراسة بعدة توصيات، منها: دعم وتكثيف استخدام التكنولوجيا والنظم التقنية في عملية المراجعة الداخلية في المصارف في السعودية. ضرورة الاهتمام باستقلالية وكفاءة المراجعة الداخلية وذلك بإنشاء إدارة مستقلة للمراجعة الداخلية والحفاظ على استقلالية هذه الإدارة.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
المراجعة الداخلية، جودة التقارير المالية، المصارف السعودية، التكنولوجيا، الاستقلالية، التطوير والتدريب المهني.
The Impact of Internal Audit on the Quality of Financial Reports in Saudi Bank
“An Analytical and Applied study “
Abstract :
The study aimed to investigate the impact of internal auditing on the quality of financial reporting in Saudi banks. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach، using a questionnaire as the primary tool for collecting the necessary data. The study reached several key findings، including: there is an impact of internal auditing on improving the quality of financial reports in Saudi banks. Continuous training and professional development of the internal audit team contribute to enhancing the quality of financial reports in banks. The study recommended several measures، including: supporting and intensifying the use of technology and technical systems in the internal audit process in Saudi banks. It also emphasized the importance of ensuring the independence and efficiency of internal auditing by establishing an independent internal audit department and maintaining the independence of this department.
Keywords: Internal Auditinz ، Quality of Financial Reports، Saudi Banks، Technology، Independence, Professional Training and Development