bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice Bork, or, be careful which supreme court nominees you choose to fight
Authors: Norris Mikel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses counterfactual analysis to assess whether a hypothetical Supreme Court with Robert Bork as a member would have decided cases differently than the actual Supreme Court.MethodsI utilize both a qualitative analysis, and a quantitative Bayesian counterfactual model to predict Supreme Court case outcomes from 1988 to 2012.ResultsThe results show that several salient cases would have been decided differently, most of the decisions decided over the time frame would have remained unchanged. I also find that a hypothetical Supreme Court with Robert Bork as an associate justice would not have radically shifted rightward. Rather, the results show a brief rightward shift from 1991 to 1994, and a much longer and stronger rightward shift occurring after 2001.ConclusionThe results suggest that scholars and pundits need to think more carefully about which Supreme Court nominees are should be contested in the advice and consent process – at least on political or ideological grounds.
QuadGridSIM: A quadrilateral grid‐based method for high‐performance and robust trajectory similarity analysis
Authors: Liu Juqing , Li Jun , Qiao Linwei , Li Mingke , Stefanakis Emmanuel , Zhao Xuesheng , Huang Qian , Wang Hao , Zhang Chengye 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMeasuring trajectory similarity is a fundamental algorithm in trajectory data mining, playing a key role in trajectory clustering, pattern mining, and classification, for instance. However, existing trajectory similarity measures based on vector representation have challenges in achieving both fast and accurate similarity measurements. On one hand, most existing methods have a high computational complexity of O(n × m), resulting in low efficiency. On the other hand, many of them are sensitive to trajectory sampling rates and lack of accuracy. This article proposes QuadGridSIM, a quadrilateral grid‐based method for trajectory similarity analysis, which enables high‐performance trajectory similarity measure without the cost of low effectiveness. Specifically, we first realize the multiscale coding representation of trajectory data based on quadrilateral discrete grids. Then, a novel trajectory similarity measure is defined to reduce the computational complexity of O(n). Several effectiveness properties of QuadGridSIM are further optimized, including the spatial overlap, directionality, symmetry, and robustness to sampling rate variations. Experimental results based on real‐world and simulated taxi trajectory data indicate that QuadGridSIM outperforms most of the other tested algorithms developed previously in terms of effectiveness, particularly in its robustness regarding trajectory sampling rates. Furthermore, QuadGridSIM exhibits superior performance and is approximately one order of magnitude faster than previous methods in the literature. QuadGridSIM provides a solution to the low‐efficiency problem of massive trajectory similarity analysis and can be applied in many application scenarios, such as route recommendation and suspect detection.
Leaky mutations in the zeaxanthin epoxidase in Capsicum annuum result in bright‐red fruit containing a high amount of zeaxanthin
Authors: Lee Seo‐Young , Jang So‐Jeong , Jeong Hyo‐Bong , Lee Joung‐Ho , Kim Geon Woo , Venkatesh Jelli , Back Seungki , Kwon Jin‐Kyung , Choi Da‐Min , Kim Jeong‐Il , Kim Geun‐Joong , Kang Byoung‐Cheorl 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYFruit color is one of the most important traits in peppers due to its esthetic value and nutritional benefits and is determined by carotenoid composition, resulting from diverse mutations of carotenoid biosynthetic genes. The EMS204 line, derived from an EMS mutant population, presents bright‐red color, compared with the wild type Yuwolcho cultivar. HPLC analysis indicates that EMS204 fruit contains more zeaxanthin and less capsanthin and capsorubin than Yuwolcho. MutMap was used to reveal the color variation of EMS204 using an F3 population derived from a cross of EMS204 and Yuwolcho, and the locus was mapped to a 2.5‐Mbp region on chromosome 2. Among the genes in the region, a missense mutation was found in ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) that results in an amino acid sequence alteration (V291 → I). A color complementation experiment with Escherichia coli and ZEP in vitro assay using thylakoid membranes revealed decreased enzymatic activity of EMS204 ZEP. Analysis of endogenous plant hormones revealed a significant reduction in abscisic acid content in EMS204. Germination assays and salinity stress experiments corroborated the lower ABA levels in the seeds. Virus‐induced gene silencing showed that ZEP silencing also results in bright‐red fruit containing less capsanthin but more zeaxanthin than control. A germplasm survey of red color accessions revealed no similar carotenoid profiles to EMS204. However, a breeding line containing a ZEP mutation showed a very similar carotenoid profile to EMS204. Our results provide a novel breeding strategy to develop red pepper cultivars containing high zeaxanthin contents using ZEP mutations.
Radiation from the equine perineal region is low compared with the elbow and head 24 hours after bone scintigraphic examination
Authors: Marcelino Leticia , Falk Emma , Johansson Jessica , Rydén Jesper , Uhlhorn Margareta , Ley Charles J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe timing of follow‐up radiography and ultrasound in horses that undergo skeletal scintigraphy for lameness investigation varies internationally and between equine hospitals. The prospective, one‐group, pretest, posttest study aimed to estimate radiation levels from horses three and 24 h after injection of hydroxydiphosphonate labeled with metastable technetium (99mTc‐HDP) and investigate which anatomical locations of the horse had higher radiation levels. Included were 46 horses referred for lameness investigation between June and December 2021. Radiation levels from the horse surface were measured using an electronic device from six anatomical locations (head, elbow, dorsum, ventrum, stifle, and perineum) at two time points and adjusted to three and 24 h after injection of 99mTc‐HDP using the radioactive decay law. The radiation measured was significantly different in the various locations of the horses for both time points. At 3 h after injection of 99mTc‐HDP, the ventrum had the highest radiation dose. At 24 h, the radiation emitted from the perineal region was significantly lower (P < .0001) than from the elbow and head, which had the highest values. There was a negative correlation between age and the radiation detected at 24 h postinjection (P = .02). Radiation from the perineal region was low compared with other regions of the horse 24 h postscintigraphy. Additional care should be taken around the ventrum area during the scintigraphy examination and around the elbow and head at 24 h postscintigraphy to minimize radiation to personnel.
Bayesian evaluation of meat juice ELISA for detecting Salmonella in slaughtered pigs without specifying a cut‐off
Authors: Arnold Mark , Smith Richard Piers , Martelli Francesca , Davies Robert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsumption of pork and pork products is a major source of human infection with Salmonella. Salmonella is typically subclinical in pigs, making it difficult to identify infected pigs. Therefore, effective surveillance of Salmonella in pigs critically relies on good knowledge on how well the diagnostic tests used perform. A test that has been used in several countries for Salmonella monitoring is serological testing of meat juice using an ELISA (MJ ELISA) to detect antibodies against Salmonella. This MJ ELISA data could be used to estimate infection prevalence and trends. However, as the MJ ELISA output is a sample‐to‐positive (S/P) ratio, which is a continuous outcome rather than a binary (positive/negative) result, the interpretation of this data depends upon a chosen cut‐off.AimTo apply Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) to estimate diagnostic accuracy of the MJ ELISA test values in the absence of a gold standard without needing to apply a cut‐off.Methods and ResultsBLCMs were fitted to data from a UK abattoir survey carried out in 2006 in order to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of MJ ELISA with respect to the prevalence of active Salmonella infection. This survey consisted of a MJ ELISA applied in parallel with the bacteriological testing of caecal contents, carcass swabs and lymph nodes (n = 625). A BLCM was also fitted to the same data but with dichotomisation of the MJ ELISA results, in order to compare with the model using continuous outcomes. Estimates were obtained for sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA over a range of S/P values and for the bacteriological tests and were found to be similar between the models using continuous and dichotomous ELISA outcomes.ConclusionThe Bayesian method without specifying a cut‐off does allow prevalence to be inferred without specifying a cut‐off for the ELISA. The study results will be useful for estimating infection prevalence from serological surveillance data.
Zeros of dirichlet L‐functions near the critical line
Authors: Dickinson George 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe prove an upper bound on the density of zeros very close to the critical line of the family of Dirichlet L‐functions of modulus q at height T. To do this, we derive an asymptotic for the twisted second moment of Dirichlet L‐functions uniformly in q and t. As a second application of the asymptotic formula, we prove that, for every integer q, at least 38.2% of zeros of the primitive Dirichlet L‐functions of modulus q lie on the critical line.
Low‐dose X‐ray radiation induces an adaptive response: A potential countermeasure to galactic cosmic radiation exposure
Authors: Edwards Siena , Adams Jessica , Tchernikov Anastasia , Edwards John G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSpace exploration involves many dangers including galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). This class of radiation includes high‐energy protons and heavy ionizing ions. NASA has defined GCR as a carcinogenic risk for long‐duration space missions. To date, no clear strategy has been developed to counter chronic GCR exposure. We hypothesize that preconditioning cells with low levels of radiation will be protective from subsequent higher radiation exposures. H9C2 cells were pretreated with 0.1 to 1.0 Gy X‐rays. The challenge radiation exposure consisted of either 8 Gy X‐rays or 75 cGy of GCR, using a five‐ion GCRsim protocol. A cell doubling time assay was used to determine cell viability. An 8 Gy X‐ray challenge alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased cell doubling time compared to the no‐radiation control group. Low‐dose radiation pre‐treatment ameliorated the 8 Gy X‐ray‐induced increases in cell doubling time. A 75 cGy GCR challenge alone significantly increased cell doubling time compared to the no‐radiation group. Following the 75 cGy challenge, only the 0.5 and 1.0 Gy pre‐treatment ameliorated the 75 cGy‐induced increases in cell doubling time. DNA damage or pathological oxidant stress will delay replicative functions and increase cell doubling time. Our results suggested that pretreatment with low‐dose X‐rays induced an adaptive response which offered a small but significant protection against a following higher radiation challenge. Although perhaps not a practical countermeasure, these findings may serve to offer insight into cell signalling pathways activated in response to low‐dose irradiation and targeted for countermeasure development.
Intense exercise at high altitude causes platelet loss across the brain in humans
Authors: Gibbons Travis Dylan , Caldwell Hannah G. , Islam Hashim , Duffy Jennifer , MacLeod David B. , Ainslie Philip N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPlatelets are known primarily for their role in blood clotting; however, it is becoming clear that they play diverse roles beyond that of haemostasis. Exercise has been shown to activate platelets and stimulate neurogenesis, neuroplasticity and improve cognitive function, highlighting a potentially powerful link between platelet function and brain health. Despite this clear link between platelets and the brain, very little is known about the behaviour of platelets through the cerebral circulation in humans. We examined platelet concentration across the brain in exercising humans at sea level (340 m) and high altitude (6–8 days at 3800 m; a stimulus known to modify platelet function). During intense exercise at sea level, platelet concentration increased similarly by 27 ± 17% in the arterial and internal jugular venous circulations (exercise: P < 0.001, interaction: P = 0.262), indicating no uptake or release of platelets into/from the brain. At high altitude, resting platelet concentrations were similar to sea level values in both the arterial and jugular venous circulations (P = 0.590); however, intense exercise at high altitude caused a 31 ± 35% decrease in platelet concentration across the brain (P = 0.016). This divergent response across the brain was not observed in any other haematological or metabolic variables. These data highlight a unique situation where the combination of intense exercise and high altitude hypoxia cause a decrease in platelet concentration across the cerebral circulation. The physiological implications and mechanisms that might influence platelet function across the brain during exercise at high altitude remain to be established.
imageKey points
Platelets are known primarily for their role in blood clotting; however, it is becoming clear that they play diverse roles beyond that of haemostasis.
Exercise has been shown to activate platelets, which in turn stimulate neurogenesis, neuroplasticity and improve cognitive function, highlighting a powerful link between platelet function and brain health.
At sea level, platelet concentration in blood going into and out of the brain was similar at rest, during maximal exercise and in recovery from exercise.
During maximal exercise at high altitude, platelet concentration was 31% lower in the blood exiting the brain; the final destination of these platelets is unknown.
The physiological implications and mechanisms that might influence platelet function across the cerebral circulation during exercise at high altitude remain to be established.
Theoretical Investigation of Low Global Warming Potential Blends Replacing R404A: The Simple Refrigeration Cycle and Its Modifications
Authors: Belman-Flores J. M. , Román-Aguilar R. , Valle-Hernández J. , Serrano-Arellano J. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
R404A refrigerant is one of the most widely used hydrofluorocarbons in the commercial refrigeration industry for low and medium temperatures. However, this refrigerant contributes negatively to the environment due to its high global warming potential (GWP = 3943), and for several years, it has been labeled as one of the refrigerants that should be phased out. The present study theoretically evaluates low-GWP refrigerants as a replacement alternative to R404A, including R407H, R442A, R449A, R454A, R454C, R455A, R459B, and R465A. The analysis focuses on the comparison between relative differences in the volumetric flow in the compressor suction and the coefficient of performance for four configurations of the vapor compression cycle, such as the basic cycle, the cycle with an internal heat exchanger, the cycle with direct injection, and the cycle with a sub-cooler. According to the proposed operating conditions of evaporation temperature (−10 °C and −40 °C) and condensation temperature (40 °C and 55 °C), R454A could be the best long-term replacement option for its low GWP, energy performance, and direct fit for any configuration. R459B could also be considered a viable option, but with certain design modifications. On the contrary, the refrigerants R465A, R455A, and R454C would be discarded because they present a greater non-adaptation to the compressor in each configuration analyzed.
Film Cooling Effectiveness and Flow Structures of Butterfly-Shaped Film Cooling Hole Configuration
Authors: Jeong Jin Young , Jo Ye Rim , Kang Min Seok , Kang Young Jun , Kwak Jae Su 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Film cooling is applied to various high-temperature components of a gas turbine and greatly affected by the shape of the injection hole. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate various film cooling structures to increase the film cooling effectiveness by inducing coolants toward the surface. In this study, a butterfly-shaped film cooling hole configuration is proposed, which consists of a pair of asymmetric fan-shaped holes installed adjacently. This novel structure enhances film cooling effectiveness by utilizing the interaction between coolant jets from the asymmetrical film cooling holes. In this study, the film cooling effectiveness of the butterfly-shaped hole configuration was experimentally characterized under low-speed conditions on a flat plate, and was compared with that of widely used fan-shaped holes. Also, a numerical study was conducted to understand and visualize the flow structures generated by the butterfly-shaped film cooling configuration. As a result, an anti-vortex structure was observed near the hole exit. The film cooling effectiveness of the butterfly-shaped hole configuration was also compared with that of the fan-shaped hole. The film cooling effectiveness of the butterfly-shaped hole configuration was 1.9% higher than that of the optimized fan-shaped film cooling hole at its optimized condition. It was also found that the film cooling effectiveness increased with the blowing ratio for the butterfly-shaped hole configuration. It is expected that the film cooling effectiveness can be further improved by adjusting the shape parameters of the butterfly-shaped hole.
Aerothermal Optimization of Film Cooling Hole Locations on the Squealer Tip of an HP Turbine Blade
Authors: Yıldız F. , Alpman E. , Kavurmacıoğlu L. , Camci C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article presents a time-efficient method to optimize the positions of film cooling holes on a gas turbine blade's squealer tip for cooling and aerodynamic performance. A computational approach is employed for the optimization, including validations against experiments. Five discrete film cooling holes are considered, and two different blowing ratios of 0.4 and 1.0 are studied. The positions of cooling holes on the tip along the tangential direction are varied as the input parameters of optimization. The multi-objective optimization uses an algorithm with an artificial neural network for fast fitness function predictions. The best cooling configuration found by the optimization achieves a 13.43% reduction in total heat flux and a 0.4% increase in aerodynamic loss when the blowing rate is 1.0. Including the casing relative motion in the computations results in a total pressure loss coefficient increase of about 8% for both blowing ratios. For M = 1.0, imposing the casing's motion results in a 10.2% reduction in total heat transfer to the tip compared to the stationary casing. For the lower blowing rate of 0.4, the total heat flux reduction to the tip is 12.0% because of the imposed casing motion. Hence, the cooling effectiveness can be improved by employing the particular position optimization method presented in this study. The results suggest that experimental and computational heat transfer studies on cooled turbine blade tips, especially in cascade arrangements, need to consider the relative motion of the blade tip.
Soft Computing Model for Inverse Prediction of Surface Heat Flux From Temperature Responses in Short-Duration Heat Transfer Experiments
Authors: Nayak Sima , Sahoo Niranjan , Komiyama Masaharu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aerodynamic experiments in the high-speed flow domain mainly rely on precise measurement of transient surface temperatures and subsequent quantification of heat flux. These experiments are primarily simulated in high-enthalpy short-duration facilities for which test flow durations are in the order of a few milliseconds, and the thermal loads resemble the nature of step/impulse. This study focuses on a specially designed fast-response coaxial surface junction thermal probe (CSTP) with the capability of capturing transient temperature signals. The CSTP, with a 3.25 mm diameter and 13 mm length, incorporates a precisely examined sensing junction (20 µm thickness) and EDX, FESEM verified surface characterization. The short-duration calibration experiments are realized to mimic the simulated flow conditions of high-enthalpy test facilities. The classical one-dimensional heat conduction modeling has been used to deduce surface heat flux from the acquired temperature responses. It demonstrates a commendable accuracy of ±2.5% when compared with known heat loads of calibration experiments. Departing from traditional heat conduction models, an advanced soft-computing technique, the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), is introduced for short-duration heat flux predictions. This methodology successfully recovers known (step or ramp) heat loads within a specific experimental time frame (0.2 s). The results exhibit excellent agreement in the prediction of trend and magnitude, carrying uncertainties of ±3% for radiative and ±5% for convective experiments. Consequently, the CSTP appears as a rapidly responsive transient heat flux sensor for real-time short-duration experiments. The soft-computing approach (ANFIS) offers an alternative means of heat flux estimation from temperature history irrespective of the mode of heat transfer and nature of heat load, marked by its prediction accuracy, diminished mathematical intricacies, and reduced numerical requisites.
Adios, Beatriz
Authors:   State University of New York at Potsdam, López Sergio 
Published: January 2024

En una mesita de noche de una casa cualquiera de Nueva York, descansa un libro en español que una niña de siete años lee en voz alta poco antes de dormir. El libro es un volumen de cuentos con las rimas de Gloria Fuertes. Fue un preciado tesoro que Beatriz Moncó regaló a la hija de uno de sus miles de estudiantes. Aunque con un océano de por medio, la relación entre ellos seguía más viva que nunca sin importar el tiempo ni la distancia. (...)