bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dapagliflozin Suppresses Isoprenaline-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission
Authors: Yang Zhuo-Jing , Guo Chun-Ling , Gong Yu-Xin , Li Long , Wang Li-li , Liu Hui-Min , Cao Ji-Min , Lu Zhao-Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract:
Dapagliflozin (DAPA) is a novel oral hypoglycemic agent, and there is increasing evidence that DAPA has a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. The study aimed to investigate how DAPA inhibits cardiac hypertrophy and explore its potential mechanisms. By continuously infusing isoprenaline (ISO) for 2 weeks using a subcutaneous osmotic pump, a cardiac hypertrophic model was established in male C57BL/6 mice. On day 14 after surgery, echocardiography showed that left ventricle mass (LV mass), interventricular septum, left ventricle posterior wall diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall systole were significantly increased, and ejection fraction was decreased compared with control mice. Masson and Wheat Germ Agglutinin staining indicated enhanced myocardial fibrosis and cell morphology compared with control mice. Importantly, these effects were inhibited by DAPA treatment in ISO-induced mice. In H9c2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, we found that mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial oxidative stress were significantly augmented in the ISO-induced group. However, DAPA rescued the cardiac hypertrophy in ISO-induced H9c2 cells and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, we found that DAPA restored the PIM1 activity in ISO-induced H9c2 cells and subsequent increase in dynamin-associated protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at S616 and decrease in Drp1 phosphorylation at S637 in ISO-induced cells. We found that DAPA mitigated ISO-induced cardiac hypertrophy by suppressing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission in a PIM1-dependent fashion.
Effect of Glucosamine on Intraocular Pressure and Risk of Developing Glaucoma
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Morello Timothy , Karrasch Charles , Rheinstein Peter H. , Danias John 
Published: November 2023

Précis:
Glucosamine supplementation is common but can be associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and could contribute to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. It may be prudent for ophthalmologists to elicit any history of glucosamine use from their patients and advise them accordingly. Further studies on the role of glucosamine in glaucoma are warranted.

Background:
The most frequently recommended slow-acting medication for osteoarthritis symptoms is glucosamine, although its effectiveness is questionable. Widely used glucosamine sulfate supplements may increase IOP.

Methods:
In the current study, we analyzed online databases such as UK Biobank, MedWatch, and FinnGen to evaluate the relationship between glucosamine and IOP and glaucoma. We included budesonide and fluticasone in the analysis for comparison since these drugs are associated with increased IOP.

Results:
In UK Biobank subjects, glucosamine use was associated with increased corneal compensated IOP (P=0.002, 2-tailed t test). This was also true in subjects without glaucoma (P=0.002, 2-tailed t test). However, no significant association between glucosamine and IOP was detected in subjects with a diagnosis of glaucoma. In MedWatch, 0.21% of subjects taking glucosamine reported glaucoma, 0.29% of subjects using budesonide reported glaucoma, and 0.22% of subjects using fluticasone reported glaucoma. In contrast, 0.08% of subjects using any other drug reported glaucoma. This variability is significant (P<0.001, 2-tailed Fisher exact test). Data from FinnGen on the risk of primary open angle glaucoma or glaucoma in subjects using glucosamine before the diagnosis of the disease revealed a significantly increased risk for both primary open angle glaucoma (hazard ratio: 2.35) and glaucoma (hazard ratio: 1.95).

Conclusion:
Glucosamine supplementation is common but can be associated with increased IOP and could contribute to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. It may be prudent for ophthalmologists to elicit any history of glucosamine use from their patients and advise them accordingly. Further studies on the role of glucosamine in glaucoma are warranted.
Association of Postural Blood Pressure Response With Disease Severity in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Ameen Ismail Ahmed , Sadek Sherin Hassan , Kamal Mahmoud Ahmed , Hatata Ragai Magdy 
Published: November 2023

Précis:
Patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) demonstrated exaggerated postural blood pressure dip in recumbency that was positively correlated with the severity of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON). Postural dip testing can be used clinically as a marker of systemic vascular dysregulation in GON risk assessment.

Objective:
To investigate whether patients with POAG demonstrated abnormal postural blood pressure response to recumbency and whether such abnormal postural response correlated with GON severity.

Patients and Methods:
This is a prospective observational study where 47 patients with POAG underwent intraocular pressure and systemic arterial blood pressure, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), measurement in seated and after 20-minute recumbency positions. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was calculated for seated and recumbent positions. The percentage difference between seated and recumbent SBP, DBP, and MABP was calculated according to which participants were divided into 3 groups, that is, nondippers, normal dippers, and exaggerated dippers with percentage dips of <10%, ≥10%≤20%, >20%, respectively. Participants underwent optical coherence tomography of optic nerve head to measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) which was used as a structural biomarker of GON.

Results:
RNFLT was lower in exaggerated dippers than in nondippers and normal dippers. There was a negative correlation between postural dip and average RNFLT. Linear regression showed that postural dip was associated with lower RNFLT independent of age and intraocular pressure. The χ2 independence test demonstrated a strong relation among corresponding dip groups for SBP, DBP, and MABP. However, it showed no significant relation between hypertension and postural dip. Fisher exact test showed no relation between antihypertensive medication and postural dip.

Conclusions:
Patients with POAG demonstrated abnormal postural blood pressure response comprising exaggerated recumbent dip which was positively correlated with disease severity. Postural dip assessment may serve as a simple clinic-based test of systemic vascular dysregulation as part of GON risk evaluation.
School-Based Therapists' Perspectives of Wheelchair Use in US Schools: A Survey Study
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K. , Straw Lindsay , Wassermann Maura , Yasick Erin L. , Kiger Angela L. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose:
To gather information concerning the current state of students' wheelchair (WC) use in US schools from the perspective of school-based therapists.

Methods:
This descriptive study used a Web-based survey to gather information regarding factors that facilitated or hindered student WC use at school, the frequency at which various tasks related to WC provision were performed, and factors that would facilitate students' independence with WC use.

Results:
A dependent manual WC was the most common type of WC mobility used at school. Various student and nonstudent factors were reported as a facilitator or a barrier to students' WC use at school.

Conclusions:
Although most respondents reported working with a student who used a WC, few reported active engagement in tasks related to WC service provision. Future research exploring potential attitudinal issues influencing students' WC use at school and ways to optimally support students' independent WC use is indicated.
A Spatial Comparison of Molecular Features Associated with Resistance to Pembrolizumab in BCG Unresponsive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Meghani Khyati , Frydenlund Noah , Yu Yanni , Choy Bonnie , Meeks Joshua J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous immune checkpoint inhibition achieves a 40% three-month response in BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS). Yet only half of early responders will continue to be disease free by 12 months, and resistance mechanisms are poorly defined.ObjectiveWe assessed the molecular features associated with response to immunotherapy in BCG unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancers treated with pembrolizumab.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsWe performed digital spatial profiling (DSP) of BCG unresponsive NMIBC tumors before and after IV pembrolizumab therapy.InterventionPembrolizumab was administered intravenously in patients with NMIBC at the time of recurrence after BCG therapy. Biopsies were obtained before starting IV pembrolizumab and three months post-treatment.Outcomes and Statistical AnalysisSpatial gene expression profiling of the tumor niche pre- and post IV pembrolizumab.Results and LimitationsWe evaluated 119 regions of interest (ROIs) from five patients, which included 60 epithelial (PanCK+) and 59 stromal segments (PanCK-). ROIs from responders had distinct expression signatures from non-responders for both the tumor and TME. Responders were more likely to have a dynamic change in expression after pembrolizumab than non-responders. A major limitation of this study was the number of patients evaluated.ConclusionFor the first time, we have identified distinct expression signatures associated with response and resistance to IV pembrolizumab in NMIBCs. Further research with more patients and alternative checkpoint inhibitors is essential to validate our findings.Patient SummaryWe identify the molecular features of tumors associated with response to pembrolizumab for patients with BCG unresponsive NMIBCs.
Copy-number variants and polygenic risk for intelligence confer risk for autism spectrum disorder irrespective of their effects on cognitive ability
Authors: Schmilovich Zoe , Bourque Vincent-Raphaël , Douard Elise , Huguet Guillaume , Poulain Cécile , Ross Jay P. , Alipour Paria , Castonguay Charles-Étienne , Younis Nadine , Jean-Louis Martineau , Saci Zohra , Pausova Zdenka , Paus Tomas , Schuman Gunter , Porteous David , Davies Gail , Redmond Paul , Harris Sarah E. , Deary Ian J. , Whalley Heather , Hayward Caroline , Dion Patrick A. , Jacquemont Sébastien , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTRare copy number variants (CNVs) and polygenic risk for intelligence (PRS-IQ) both confer risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but have opposing effects on cognitive ability. The field has struggled to disentangle the effects of these two classes of genomic variants on cognitive ability from their effects on ASD risk, in part because previous studies did not include controls with cognitive measures. We aim to investigate the impact of these genomic variants on ASD risk while adjusting for their known effects on cognitive ability. In a cohort of 8,426 subjects with ASD and 169,804 controls with cognitive assessments, we found that rare coding CNVs and PRS-IQ increased ASD risk, even after adjusting for their effects on cognitive ability. Bottom decile PRS-IQ and CNVs both decreased cognitive ability but had opposing effects on ASD risk. Models combining both classes of variants showed that the effects of rare CNVs and PRS-IQ on ASD risk and cognitive ability were largely additive, further suggesting that risk for ASD is conferred independently from its effects on cognitive ability. Despite imparting mostly additive effects on ASD risk, rare CNVs and PRS-IQ showed opposing effects on core and associated features and developmental history among subjects with ASD. Our findings suggest that cognitive ability itself may not be the factor driving the underlying risk for ASD conferred by these two classes of genomic variants. In other words, ASD risk and cognitive ability may be two distinct manifestations of CNVs and PRS-IQ. This study also highlights the challenge of understanding how genetic risk for ASD maps onto its dimensional traits.
Craniofacial phenotyping with fetal MRI: A feasibility study of 3D visualisation, segmentation, surface-rendered and physical models
Authors: Matthew Jacqueline , Uus Alena , De Souza Leah , Wright Robert , Fukami-Gartner Abi , Priego Gema , Saija Carlos , Deprez Maria , Collado Alexia Egloff , Hutter Jana , Story Lisa , Malamateniou Christina , Rhode Kawal , Hajnal Jo , Rutherford Mary A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study explores the potential of 3D Slice-to-Volume Registration (SVR) motion-corrected fetal MRI for craniofacial assessment, traditionally used only for fetal brain analysis. In addition, we present the first description of an automated pipeline based on 3D Attention UNet trained for 3D fetal MRI craniofacial segmentation, followed by surface refinement. Results of 3D printing of selected models are also presented.Qualitative analysis of multiplanar volumes based on the SVR output and surface segmentations outputs, assessed with computer and printed models, were based on standardised protocols that we developed for evaluating image quality and visibility of diagnostic craniofacial features. A test set of 25, postnatally confirmed, Trisomy 21 fetal cases (24-36 weeks gestational age), revealed that 3D reconstructed T2 SVR images provided 66-100% visibility of relevant craniofacial and head structures in the SVR output, and 20-100% and 60-90% anatomical visibility was seen for the baseline and refined 3D computer surface model outputs respectively. Furthermore, 12 of 25 cases, 48%, of refined surface models demonstrated good or excellent overall quality with a further 9 cases, 36% demonstrating moderate quality to include facial, scalp and external ears. Additional 3D printing of 12 physical real-size models (20-36 weeks gestational age) revealed good/excellent overall quality in all cases and distinguishable features between healthy control cases and cases with confirmed anomalies, with only minor manual adjustments required before 3D printing.Despite varying image quality and data heterogeneity, 3D T2w SVR reconstructions and models provided sufficient resolution for the subjective characterisation of subtle craniofacial features. We also contributed a publicly accessible online 3D T2w MRI atlas of the fetal head, validated for accurate representation of normal fetal anatomy.Future research will focus on quantitative analysis, optimizing the pipeline, and exploring diagnostic, counselling, and educational applications in fetal craniofacial assessment.
Profiling the genome and proteome of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease identifies potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Liu Jun , Hu Sile , Chen Lingyan , Daly Charlotte , Medina Cesar Augusto Prada , Richardson Tom G , Traylor Matthew , Dempster Niall J , Mbasu Richard , Monfeuga Thomas , Vujkovic Marijana , Tsao Philip S , Lynch Julie A , Voight Benjamin F. , Chang Kyong-Mi ,   VA Million Veteran Program, Cobbold Jeremy F , Tomlinson Jeremy W , van Duijn Cornelia M , Howson Joanna M M 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND & AIMSMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects over 25% of the population and currently has no effective treatments. Plasma proteins with causal evidence may represent promising drug targets. We aimed to identify plasma proteins in the causal pathway of MASLD and explore their interaction with obesity.METHODSWe analysed 2,941 plasma proteins in 43,978 European participants from UK Biobank. We performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) for all MASLD-associated proteins and created the largest MASLD GWAS (109,885 cases/1,014,923 controls). We performed Mendelian Randomization (MR) and integrated proteins and their encoding genes in MASLD ranges to identify candidate causal proteins. We then validated them through independent replication, exome sequencing, liver imaging, bulk and single-cell gene expression, liver biopsies, pathway, and phenome-wide data. We explored the role of obesity by MR and multivariable MR across proteins, body mass index, and MASLD.RESULTSWe found 929 proteins associated with MASLD, reported five novel genetic loci associated with MASLD, and identified 17 candidate MASLD protein targets. We identified four novel targets for MASLD (CD33, GRHPR, HMOX2, and SCG3), provided protein evidence supporting roles of AHCY, FCGR2B, ORM1, and RBKS in MASLD, and validated nine previously known targets. We found that CD33, FCGR2B, ORM1, RBKS, and SCG3 mediated the association of obesity and MASLD, and HMOX2, ORM1, and RBKS had effect on MASLD independent of obesity.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified new protein targets in the causal pathway of MASLD, providing new insights into the multi-omics architecture and pathophysiology of MASLD. These findings advise further therapeutic interventions for MASLD.
The mediating role of organisational learning capabilities between workplace happiness and organisational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Goel Preeti , Singh Animesh 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether happiness at workplace (HAW) impacts organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) and whether this impact can be further improved by promoting learning capabilities in organisations, thus investigating the mediating role of organisational learning capabilities (OLC).

Design/methodology/approach
This study was conducted on knowledge-intensive workers (employees of EdTech companies) in India. Responses were collected via questionnaire in online mode, and after discarding the incomplete responses, 500 replies were considered for data analysis with PLS-SEM technique.

Findings
The outcomes reveal that the HAW has a significant influence on OCB. The outcomes also reveal that this impact is further enhanced with the presence of OLC, thus confirming that OLC operates as a mediator in the link connecting HAW and OCB.

Originality/value
This study makes a distinctive contribution by bringing out the significance of workplace learning in the connection between the workplace happiness and citizenship behaviour of employees that will provide impetus to the practitioners to formulate strategies in such a manner that the employees voluntarily perform the actions beyond their designated roles.
Do ESG ratings and COVID-19 severity score predict stock behavior and market perception? Evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Said Mai T. , ElBannan Mona A. 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of firm environmental, social and governance (ESG) rating scores on market perception and stock behavior from 2017 to 2021 while controlling for COVID-19 severity score.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used panel regression models with robust standard errors based on cross-country and cross-industry sample of 1,324 ESG firms from 25 emerging countries across four regions. Four separate regression analyses are used. Hausman test is used to determine whether fixed-effect (FE) or random-effect approaches should be used in regression models. Lagrange multiplier test is used to test for time FEs, and F-test for individual effects to choose between pooled ordinary least squares model and FE. Two-unit root tests are conducted to check stationarity. Heteroskedasticity and serial correlation were controlled through a robust covariance matrix estimation.

Findings
The authors provide evidence that the stakeholder theory persists in emerging countries. Overall, the results suggest that firms’ stock behavior is positively associated with the level of environmental and social performance in the region. However, the results do not provide empirical evidence to support the link between ESG performance and stock market perception proxied by the price-to-sales ratio. The results suggest that Refinitiv and Bloomberg ESG rating scores have a positive impact on stock performance in emerging markets, albeit the Bloomberg rating score is insignificant.

Practical implications
Favorable impact of environmental and social performance on stock performance suggests that policymakers should take initiatives to raise awareness toward investments in ESG projects. Evidence shows that ESG stock performance in emerging markets does not insulate firms from the COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, this study highlights the inconsistency in calculating the ESG ratings, therefore, a more standardized approach is recommended to support investors seeking sustainable investments.

Social implications
The findings have social implications for investors with proenvironmental preferences and nonpecuniary motives for ethical investments. Asset fund managers should develop ESG investment strategies to promote investor preferences that are linked to the proenvironmental and prosocial attitudes by increasing their investments in stocks of firms that behave ethically and support the environment. Furthermore, the findings show that investors pay a price for ethical and socially responsible investments as they are evaluating the environmental and social activities, hence, the firm ESG profile influences equity valuation and risk assessment.

Originality/value
The study extends the literature and provides evidence from the unique setting of emerging markets by analyzing the relationship between ESG rating scores and the COVID-19 severity scores on one hand, and stock behavior and market perception on the other.
Characterization of cotton woven compression bandages with different structures
Authors: Seddik Khaled Mohamed , Ali Marwa Atif 
Published: November 2023

Purpose
Nowadays, textiles play a striking role in various medical applications. Compression bandages are the most essential medical fabrics that help treat venous flow and edema. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of different woven compressive bandage structures produced using compact cotton and cotton/lycra.

Design/methodology/approach
Four samples were weaved by matt-plain2/2, twill2/2, stripe-stain4 and mock-leno structures. Several properties were tested that related to structural performance. Tensile strength, elastic and sub-bandage pressure are considered the main functional properties. Three different analysis tools were performed: chart-diagram, one-factor ANOVA and radar chart area.

Findings
The woven structures critically affected the performance of woven compression bandage samples as well as their classifications.

Originality/value
The woven structures critically affected the performance of woven compression bandage samples as well as their classifications.