bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle dysfunction during exercise of a single skeletal muscle in rats with congestive heart failure is not associated with reduced muscle blood supply
Authors: Schiøtz Thorud H.‐M. , Lunde P. K. , Nicolaysen G. , Nicolaysen A. , Helge J. W. , Nilsson G. E. , Sejersted O. M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAim:  Inadequate muscle blood flow is a possible explanation for reduced fatigue resistance in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods:  In rats with post‐infarction CHF we electrically stimulated the soleus muscle (SOL) in situ with intact blood supply. Contractile properties, blood flow, high‐energy phosphates and metabolites were measured during 30 min of intermittent stimulation, and in addition capillarization of SOL was recorded.Results:  During stimulation, SOL contracted more slowly in rats with CHF compared with sham‐operated rats. However, the blood flow in SOL was unaltered and capillary density was maintained in CHF rats. Further, the content of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, CrP, Pi and lactate in SOL was not different between the groups.Conclusion:  The cause of contractile dysfunction in a single exercising skeletal muscle in rats with CHF cannot be explained simply by reduced blood supply. In addition, absence of changes in high‐energy phosphates and metabolites indicate that the oxidative metabolism of SOL is intact in rats with CHF.
Effects of oxytocin in normal man during low and high sodium diets
Authors: Rasmussen M. S. , Simonsen J. A. , Sandgaard N. C. F. , Høilund‐Carlsen P. F. , Bie P. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAim:  We tested the hypothesis that oxytocin in normal man causes natriuresis by means of nitric oxide and/or atrial natriuretic peptide.Methods:  Normal male subjects were investigated after 4 days of sodium controlled diets (30 mmol sodium chloride day−1, n = 8 or 230 mmol sodium chloride day−1, n = 6). Oxytocin was infused intravenously (1 pmol kg−1 min−1 for 240 min).Results:  Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and glomerular filtration rate by clearance of chromium‐labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetate remained stable. Plasma oxytocin increased from 2 to 3 pg mL−1 to around 50 pg mL−1. Oxytocin decreased urine flow (4.2 ± 0.2–0.75 ± 0.11 and 4.6 ± 1.3–1.4 ± 0.6 mL min−1, low‐ and high‐salt diet, respectively). During low‐salt conditions, oxytocin reduced sodium and potassium excretion (11 ± 2–4 ± 2 and 93 ± 19–42 ± 3 μmol min−1, respectively). Plasma renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and renal excretion of metabolites of nitric oxide (nitrate and nitrite) all decreased. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate were unchanged. A similar pattern was obtained during high‐salt conditions but in this case the antinatriuresis was not different from that occurring during the corresponding time control series.Conclusions:  The data reject the hypothesis. In contrast, we found significant antinatriuretic, antikaliuretic and antidiuretic effects, which were not mediated by the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide, systemic haemodynamics, or processes increasing urinary excretion of metabolites of nitric oxide. The natriuretic effect of oxytocin found in laboratory animals is species‐specific.
Breeding for resistance to begomovirus in tropic‐adapted tomato genotypes
Authors: Góamez O. , Piñón M. , Martínez Y. , Quiñónes M. , Fonseca D. , Laterrot H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFour tomato lines introgressed from Lycopersicon chilense were compared with the commercial F1 hybrids ‘ARO 8479’ and ‘HA 3108’, which are tolerant to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and the cv. ‘Campbell 28’ as a susceptible control. Resistance was evaluated by the use of grafted diseased scions as well as in a field trial where plants infected by viruliferous whiteflies and disease‐free plants were transplanted in paired rows. The new lines LD 3, LD 4, LD 5 and LD 6 showed no disease symptoms after grafting or in the field trial. Virus accumulation at 60 days after transplanting was low in the infected plants: 0.09, 0.60, 1.00 and 0.50 ng, respectively. No fruit‐set or yield losses were registered under the high temperature conditions prevalent in the trial, in which lines LD 5 and LD 6 were better adapted to tropical conditions. Viral DNA concentrations were over 1000 ng in the cvs.‘Campbell 28′,‘ARO 8479’ and ‘HA 3108’. The last two are considered tolerant as they were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms, respectively, but achieved acceptable yields in the trial. By contrast, virus had a negative effect on fruit‐set, number of fruit per plant and total yield in the cv.‘Campbell 28’.
A genetic linkage map of rhodesgrass based on an F1 pseudo‐testcross population
Authors: Ubi B. E. , Fujimori M. , Mano Y. , Komatsu T. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe linkage relationships between 164 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and 25 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fragments assayed in a pseudo‐testcross population generated from the mating of single genotypes from two divergent cultivars were used to construct female, ‘Katambora’ (‘Kat’) and male, ‘Tochirakukei’ (‘Toch’) parental genetic maps for rhodesgrass. The ‘Kat’ genetic map consists of 84 marker loci (72 AFLP and 12 RFLP markers) distributed on 14 linkage groups and spans a total length of 488.3 cM, with an average distance of 7.8 cM between adjacent markers. The ‘Toch’ genetic map consists of 61 marker loci (52 AFLP and nine RFLP) mapped on 12 linkage groups spanning a total length of 443.3 cM, with an average spacing of 9.0 cM between adjacent markers. About 23% of the markers remained unassigned. The level of segregation distortion observed in this cross was 11.1%. In both maps, linked duplicated RFLP loci were found. These linkage maps will serve as a starting point for linkage studies in rhodesgrass with potential application for marker‐assisted selection in breeding programmes.
Identification of a major blast resistance gene in the rice cultivar ‘Tetep’
Authors: Barman S. R. , Gowda M. , Venu R. C. , Chattoo B. B. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAnalysis of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) indicated the presence of a novel resistance gene in the indica rice cultivar ‘Tetep’ which was highly resistant to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea.‘Tetep’ was crossed to the widely used susceptible cultivar ‘CO39’ to generate the mapping population. A Mendelian segregation ratio of 3 : 1 for resistant to susceptible F2 plants further confirmed the presence of a major dominant locus, in ‘Tetep’, conferring resistance to the blast fungal isolate B157, corresponding to the international race IC9. Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) was used for molecular genetic analysis. The analysis revealed that the SSLP marker RM 246 was linked to a novel blast resistance gene designated Pi‐tp(t) in ‘Tetep’.
Genetic diversity in Cynara cardunculus revealed by AFLP markers: comparison between cultivars and wild types from Sicily*
Authors: Raccuia S. A. , Mainolfi A. , Mandolino G. , Melilli M. G. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractGenetic diversity in 49 plants of 16 accessions representing one wild and two cultivated taxa of Cynara cardunculus L. (wild cardoon, cultivated cardoon and globe artichoke) was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) analysis. Four pairs of primers identified a total of 264 scorable loci, 196 of which were polymorphic. The number of markers scored per primer combination ranged from 41 to 107, with an average of 66 markers per primer combination. All the primer combinations detected polymorphism. The data were used for cluster analysis and AMOVA. The clusters obtained are in agreement with the current botanical classification and the differences among the taxa were substantial. The eco‐geographical groups within wild cardoon are clearly separated in relative subclusters, and reflect the geography of the collection areas. The six clones of the four cultivated artichoke varieties were clearly separated into four subclusters, corresponding to the current classification which is based on morphological traits. The results obtained may have a direct and important bearing on plant genetic resource conservation and management and on breeding.
Genetic analysis of resistance to root‐lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in wheat
Authors: Zwart R. S. , Thompson J. P. , Godwin I. D. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance to root‐lesion nematode was investigated in five synthetic hexaploid wheat lines and two bread wheat lines using a half‐diallel design of F1 and F2 crosses. The combining ability of resistance genes in the synthetic hexaploid wheat lines was compared with the performance of the bread wheat line ‘GS50a’, the source of resistance to Pratylenchus thornei used in Australian wheat breeding programmes. Replicated glasshouse trials identified P. thornei resistance as polygenic and additive in gene action. General combining ability (GCA) of the parents was more important than specific combining ability (SCA) effects in the inheritance of P. thornei resistance in both F1 and F2 populations. The synthetic hexaploid wheat line ‘CPI133872’ was identified as the best general combiner, however, all five synthetic hexaploid wheat lines possessed better GCA than ‘GS50a’ The synthetic hexaploid wheat lines contain novel sources of P. thornei resistance that will provide alternative and more effective sources of resistance to be utilized in wheat breeding programmes.
Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F1 and F2 hybrids in upland cotton
Authors: Wu Y. T. , Yin J. M. , Guo W. Z. , Zhu X. F. , Zhang T. Z. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBecause of the difficulty of producing F1 hybrid seeds by hand emasculation and pollination, wide use of heterosis in cotton production has been limited in China. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of F2 hybrids for yield and fibre quality. A half diallel involving eight parents and their F1 and F2 hybrids was grown in replicated studies at Linqing and Nanjing in 1999 and Nanjing in 2000. Yield and fibre quality was determined for all 64 entries. Fibre quality was also determined for parents and F1s, but only for Zhongmiansuo 28 (ZMS28), Xiangzamian 2 (XZM2) and Wanmian 13 (WM13) F2s. These three F2 hybrids are extensively planted in China and provide experimental controls with which to compare the performance of new hybrids. Average yield heterosis for F1s and F2s was 15.9 and 9.2%, respectively. Inbreeding depression for yield varied but some F2s greatly out‐yielded the best variety. Average F1 heterosis was 6.7, 6.2 and 2.9%, respectively for number of bolls per unit area, boll weight, and lint percentage. The average F2 heterosis for the same traits was 4.4, 3.3 and 1.6%, respectively. F1 heterosis for fibre traits was low. In general, parental average was a good indicator of the yield and fibre quality of F1 hybrids. These encouraging results suggest there is sufficient heterosis for yield to use F2s in China.
Phenotypic and genotypic variation in seed production traits within a full‐sib family of meadow fescue
Authors: Fang C. , Aamlid T. S. , Jørgensen Ø. , Rognli O. A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPhenotypic and genotypic variation for seed yield and associated traits (heading date, plant height, number of fertile tillers, 1000‐seed weight, panicle length, seed weight per panicle, fertility, flag‐leaf length and flag‐leaf width) were studied in a full‐sib family of meadow fescue using replicated clonal trials at two locations in Norway. Genotypic variances were highly significant for all traits and genotype × location interactions were significant for heading date, number of fertile tillers and seed yield. Seed yield and other seed component traits exhibited the largest genotypic variations. Heading date showed large genotype × location interaction, probably because of the very diverse origin of the two parents of the full‐sib family. Path coefficient analysis showed that panicle fertility, measured as seed weight per unit length of panicles, was by far the most important component trait contributing to seed yield, followed by the number of fertile tillers, plant height and flag‐leaf width. Flag‐leaf width and plant height had sizeable indirect effects on seed yield via panicle fertility. This is the first time that the importance of the size of the flag leaf for seed yield in herbage grasses has been demonstrated.
Radiomutants of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) of the Lady group: RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity
Authors: Lema‐Rumiñska J. , Zalewska M. , Sadoch Z. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractRandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular characterization of 10 new radiomutants of chrysanthemum. The original cultivar ‘Richmond’ differed in genetic distance from its Lady group mutants. The analysis of genetic similarity indices revealed low diversity within the radiomutants. The dendrogram obtained after cluster analysis separated the new cultivars as a group that differed from the original cultivar ‘Richmond’. The Lady group cultivars, derived from one original cultivar by radiomutation, could be distinguished from each other by using RAPD markers of only a single primer or sets of two or three primers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis proved the efficiency of the RAPD method for DNA fingerprinting of the original cultivar ‘Richmond’ and its new radiomutants.
Morphological and AFLP variation of Porphyra yezoensis Ueda form, narawaensis Miura (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Niwa Kyosuke , Kikuchi Norio , Iwabuchi Mitsunobu , Aruga Yusho 
Published: June 2004

SUMMARYDetailed morphological observations were made on two strains of cultivated Porphyra: HG‐1 (pure line isolated from Dai‐1) and Noriken‐4 (parental strain of a pure line HG‐4). The two strains were identified as P. yezoensis f. narawaensis based on their macroscopic and microscopic features, such as long linear or oblanceolate blades up to 50 cm in maximum length, division formulae of spermatangia and zygotosporangia, shape of trichogynes and carpogonia, and the second transverse divisional plane formed at the division from c/2 to c/4 in zygotosporangia. Gametophytic blades from two completely homozygous conchocelis strains isolated in this study (HG‐1 and HG‐4) were cultured under the same conditions and compared to confirm whether the differences in their shapes are genetically determined. The shape of blades from both of conchospores and monospores was always more slender in HG‐4 than in HG‐1 at the same blade age, suggesting that the difference in the blade shape between the two pure lines is due to genetic variation. To estimate the level of genetic variation the two pure lines were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprint analysis. A total of 230 bands were detected in HG‐1 and HG‐4 using eight selective primer pairs, and the number of polymorphic bands was only two in HG‐1. These results indicate that the two pure lines certainly show genetic variation, which is, however, at an extremely low level. The importance of pure‐line breeding and the origin of currently cultivated Porphyra are discussed. This is the first report to identify currently cultivated Porphyra strains in Japan based on combined results of detailed morphological observations and molecular analysis.
An Application of Extended Analysis for Ranked Data with Ties
Authors: Brockhoff P.B. , Best D.J. , Rayner J.C.W. 
Published: June 2004

SummaryStandard analysis for ranks from two‐way layout data with ties or for 'rank transformed' data with ties can be extended to allow market research to make better comparisons between products. In addition to detecting product average ranks effects, the new analysis allows detection of significant nonlinear effects, umbrella effects, linear contrasts and differences in distributions. The paper presents market research results comparing three types of french fries. There are no differences, according to the standard Friedman analysis. However significant nonlinear effects are found using the new analysis, which give the manufacturer important information.
Issues Related to Sports Gambling
Authors: Insley Robin , Mok Lucia , Swartz Tim 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThis paper looks at various issues that are of interest to the sports gambler. First, an expression is obtained for the distribution of the final bankroll using fixed wagers with a specified initial bankroll. Second, fixed percentage wagers are considered where the Kelly method is extended to the case of simultaneous bets placed at various odds; a computational algorithm is presented to obtain the Kelly fractions. Finally, the paper considers the problem of determining whether a gambling system is profitable based on the historical results of bets placed at various odds.
Ecological Bias: Use of Maximum‐Entropy Approximations
Authors: Cressie Noel , Richardson Sylvia , Jaussent Isabelle 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThe focus of geographical studies in epidemiology has recently moved towards looking for effects of exposures based on data taken at local levels of aggregation (i.e. small areas). This paper investigates how regression coefficients measuring covariate effects at the point level are modified under aggregation. Changing the level of aggregation can lead to completely different conclusions about exposure–effect relationships, a phenomenon often referred to as ecological bias. With partial knowledge of the within‐area distribution of the exposure variable, the notion of maximum entropy can be used to approximate that part of the distribution that is unknown. From the approximation, an expression for the ecological bias is obtained; simulations and an example show that the maximum‐entropy approximation is often better than other commonly used approximations.
Estimating the First‐ and Second‐Order Parameters of a Heavy‐Tailed Distribution
Authors: Peng Liang , Qi Yongcheng 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThis paper suggests censored maximum likelihood estimators for the first‐ and second‐order parameters of a heavy‐tailed distribution by incorporating the second‐order regular variation into the censored likelihood function. This approach is different from the bias‐reduced maximum likelihood method proposed by Feuerverger and Hall in 1999. The paper derives the joint asymptotic limit for the first‐ and second‐order parameters under a weaker assumption. The paper also demonstrates through a simulation study that the suggested estimator for the first‐order parameter is better than the estimator proposed by Feuerverger and Hall although these two estimators have the same asymptotic variances.
New Explicit Examples of Fixed Points of Poisson Shot Noise Transforms
Authors: Iksanov Aleksander M. , Kim Che Soong 
Published: June 2004

SummaryThe main objective of this paper is to establish a close relation between the fixed points of Poisson shot noise transforms and perpetuities of a special type. With this relation it is shown that the gamma distributions, the generalized positive Linnik distributions, and the S2 distributions are fixed points of Poisson shot noise transforms. The paper also proves that log‐convexity of the response functions is not needed for non‐negative Poisson shot noise distributions to be self‐decomposable. Finally, the problems of existence and uniqueness of the above mentioned perpetuities are investigated.
Daily Life: A Pre‐Service Art Teacher Educator and Her Work
Authors: Galbraith Lynn 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper reports on a case study of the daily life of an art teacher educator. It examines the intellectual, moral, emotional, and physical undercurrents of this work and how these qualities are reflected within the daily context of the pre‐service university — or college‐level classroom environment. To date, few research studies have examined the daily practices of university or college‐level faculty members who prepare art teachers and how these faculty members go about their jobs. The author spent an academic term as a participant observer and researcher in the art teacher educator's secondary art education methods course. Examples and narratives from this study are forwarded, as well as a discussion on the importance of this form of inquiry for art teacher education today.
The Doctorate in Fine Art: The Importance of Exemplars to the Research Culture
Authors: Macleod Katy , Holdridge Lin 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe doctorate in Fine Art has had a troubled history in the UK. Although there are growing numbers of doctorates being undertaken and over forty institutions which offer doctoral study, there is still little understanding of this research culture. There is a developing literature, but it remains curiously focused on research methods and protocols rather than on establishing the character of the culture through what is being produced by doctoral students. Macleod and Holdridge have produced an AHRB‐funded study of selected exemplars of doctoral submissions. The study seeks to make both a practical and strategic intervention in the ongoing ‘making/writing’, ‘theory/practice’ debate. It also seeks to clearly demonstrate how artist researchers have dealt with the academic requirements of the PhD and how the production of a substantial written text (generally 30,000 words plus) showing a keen knowledge and criticality of the subject field has been achieved. The exemplars demonstrate both the distinctive and the normative character of the PhD in Fine Art. However, the underpinning empirical research for the study (1996 —) has also demonstrated the critical independence of such exemplars within the broader field of academic research. Through a brief analysis of three doctoral submissions selected from the study, the paper seeks to draw out some of the more important findings and their implications for the developing research culture.
An Informetric Investigation into the Potential for Change in Belgian Art Education at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Maaswinkel Peter 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe beginning of the twentieth century was a period of pedagogical enthusiasm and renewal in the field of education. Based on a list of articles concerning art education published in Belgian periodicals between 1903 and 1923, the author undertakes an analysis of the title words in order to study how the subject was able to evolve.For this purpose, the pertinent title words are grouped into content categories. It can be seen that these content categories demonstrate specificity compared to other periods. The specificity of the subject at a given moment implies that the transformation of the subject consists of the emergence, the decline or the exchange of categories, which can also be demonstrated. The connections of these variations to historical facts are substantiated. It can therefore be stated that these variations represent the historical evolution of the subject.However, such emergence, decline and exchange of categories is only possible on condition that each category is able to vary independently of the others. This is shown by an autonomy index as well as by an 2‐test.Thus, art education did not drop from the sky as a ready‐to‐teach school subject. Art education is always what the people make of it, which makes reflection on what it could be or has to be so important at any given moment too.