bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Advances in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: West Howard (Jack) , Kim Jae Y. 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceA series of high-profile clinical trials for patients with resectable early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have recently changed the standard of care in this setting. Specifically, studies have demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in efficacy with the targeted therapy for adjuvant osimertinib in patients with resected NSCLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genomic abnormality (GA), whereas trials with chemotherapy combined with nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting and others testing atezolizumab or pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy have all demonstrated improvements in event-free survival (EFS) (for neoadjuvant therapy) or disease-free survival (DFS) (for adjuvant therapy). These trials introduce many open questions about how to apply these findings in clinical practice.ObservationsTreatment with adjuvant osimertinib for 3 years was associated with significant improvement in both DFS and overall survival (OS), but the erosion of the DFS benefit after the duration of treatment ends suggests a potential value for more longitudinal treatment. The potential value of highly effective targeted therapies as adjuvant therapy for other GAs has a compelling rationale but no data at this time. Adjuvant atezolizumab or pembrolizumab, generally administered for 1 year after postoperative chemotherapy, are appropriate considerations, but only atezolizumab for patients with tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels of 50% has demonstrated a benefit in OS. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with nivolumab offers a strong EFS benefit, a shorter interval of treatment, and radiographic and pathologic feedback for patients with resectable stage IB to IIIA NSCLC, although very recent randomized clinical trials of perioperative immunotherapy both combined with chemotherapy preoperatively and administered postoperatively highlight the debatable value of adjuvant immunotherapy after prior chemoimmunotherapy. Improved tumor shrinkage rates with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy suggest the possibility that criteria for resectability may potentially be redefined in anticipation of a good response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.Conclusions and RelevanceDevelopments in resectable NSCLC have arrived so rapidly that they have also created practical challenges of identifying optimal patients and prioritizing options among these new competing standards. In some cases, practical management requires clinical judgment and discussion with the patient to cover the gaps in prospective data. Caution should be exerted when extrapolating beyond the available data.
Processing of and Attitudes Toward Foreign‐Accented Speech
Authors: Bazzi Luca , Foucart Alice 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In linguistics, the (foreign) accent has been defined as a set of patterns linked to segmental (phones) and suprasegmental (intonation, melody, rhythm, and tone) pronunciation that differ from standard and non‐standard varieties of a language. Other definitions go further by adding that a speaker's (foreign) accent provides information about their geographical, socio‐economic, and ethnic background. In this entry, we argue that an accent, as other traits of a speaker's identity, such as gender, age, or social status, not only affects language processing but also the evaluation of the speaker. We then explain how social categorization, stereotypes, and linguistic (dis)fluency are factors that influence language attitudes and (neuro)cognitive processes, and consequently modulate native speakers' behavior. Finally, we describe the consequences foreign‐accented speech has on everyday life from the point of view of both foreign and native speakers.
Computer‐Assisted Language Learning as a Pedagogical Framework
Authors: Reinders Hayo , Chong Sin Wang 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Technology plays a significant role in formal language instruction as well as in informal language learning. This role has increased in recent years, not least as a result of the pandemic, and is likely to continue to grow as new technologies are developed and new uses for them are found. In this overview, we briefly describe the development of the field of computer‐assisted language learning (CALL), before reviewing its contributions to language learning and teaching. we conclude by considering some of the challenges to the successful use of technology as well as future directions and ways in which technology may have a potentially transformative impact on the research field.
Written Corrective Feedback as a Pedagogical Technique
Authors: Lee Icy 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
In the teaching of L2 writing, responding to student writing has often been described as the most time‐consuming enterprise for teachers. In many L2 writing classrooms, much of teacher attention is focused on providing feedback on linguistic errors, which is known as written corrective feedback (WCF) (also referred to as grammar feedback, error feedback, grammar correction, or error correction). WCF is based on an assumption that students cannot improve written accuracy if their writing is not corrected. Truscott (1996), however, argued for the ineffectiveness of WCF and total abandonment of grammar correction, which sparked a heated debate about the role of WCF in L2 writing classrooms. Since then, research on WCF has grown exponentially, and WCF has become one of the most popular research topics within the field of L2 writing. Equally, WCF has drawn the attention of L2 writing teachers who, in one way or another, share concerns about the amount of time they spend on WCF and are eager to find ways to maximize the benefits of WCF for their students. The crucial questions are: In what ways can WCF support L2 learning, and what are the implications for classroom practice? To answer the questions, this entry examines the role of WCF in L2 learning from cognitive and sociocultural perspectives. Drawing on insights from the dual perspectives, it discusses how WCF can be utilized as a pedagogical technique to facilitate L2 learning. The entry concludes with suggestions for future research.
Fast finite‐time adaptive backstepping containment control for high‐order stochastic nonlinear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Song Yuewei , Zhao Lin 
Published: December 2023

SummaryIn this paper, the fast finite‐time backstepping containment control strategy is considered for high‐order stochastic multi‐agent systems. The addition of the finite‐time command filter avoids calculating explosion which occurs in the differential process of virtual control signals for the high‐order system on the traditional backstepping and makes convergence speed of control system faster. The influence of filtering errors generated by filter for control systems is eliminated by establishing error compensation systems. The fuzzy logic systems approximate unknown dynamics of systems. It proves the closed‐loop systems are practically fast finite‐time stable in mean square. The given simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Reference governor for constrained spacecraft orbital transfers
Authors: Semeraro Simone , Kolmanovsky Ilya , Garone Emanuele 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe paper considers the application of feedback control to orbital transfer maneuvers subject to constraints on the spacecraft thrust and on avoiding the collision with the primary body. Incremental reference governor (IRG) strategies are developed to complement the nominal Lyapunov controller, derived based on Gauss variational equations, and enforce the constraints. Simulation results are reported that demonstrate the successful constrained orbital transfer maneuvers with the proposed approach. A Lyapunov function based IRG and a prediction‐based IRG are compared. While both implementation successfully enforce the constraints, a prediction‐based IRG is shown to result in faster maneuvers.
Multibit, Lead‐Free Cs2SnI6 Resistive Random Access Memory with Self‐Compliance for Improved Accuracy in Binary Neural Network Application
Authors: Kumar Ajit , Krishnaiah Mokurala , Park Jinwoo , Mishra Dhananjay , Dash Bidyashakti , Jo Hyeon‐Bin , Lee Geun , Youn Sangwook , Kim Hyungjin , Jin Sung Hun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the realm of neuromorphic computing, integrating Binary Neural Networks (BNN) with non‐volatile memory based on emerging materials can be a promising avenue for introducing novel functionalities. This study underscores the viability of lead‐free, air‐stable Cs2SnI6 (CSI) based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices as synaptic weights in neuromorphic architectures, specifically for BNNs applications. Herein, hydrothermally synthesized CSI perovskites are explored as a resistive layer in RRAM devices either on the rigid or flexible substrate, highlighting reproducible multibit switching with self‐compliance, low‐ resistance‐state (LRS) variations, a decent On/Off ratio(or retention) of ≈103(or 104 s), and endurance exceeding 300 cycles. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation with the 32 × 32 × 3 RGB CIFAR‐10 dataset reveals that binary convolutional neural networks (BCNN) trained solely on binary weight values can achieve competitive rates of accuracy comparable to those of their analog weight counterparts. These findings highlight the dominance of the LRS for CSI RRAM with self‐compliance in a weighted configuration and minimal influence of the high resistance state despite substantial fluctuations for flexible CSI RRAM under varying bending radii. With its unique electrical switching capabilities, the CSI RRAM is highly anticipated to emerge as a promising candidate for embedded AI systems, especially in IoT devices and wearables.
Biomimetic Silk Fibroin Hydrogel for Enhanced Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Synergistic Effects of Graphene Oxide and Fibroblast Exosome
Authors: Gao Yisheng , Dai Chaolun , Zhang Miao , Zhang Jianye , Yin Long , Li Wanhua , Zhang Kunyu , Yang Yumin , Zhao Yahong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury represents a critical clinical challenge. Employing tissue engineering, biomimetic scaffolds mimicking the biophysical and biochemical cues of the native extracellular matrix have shown promise. Specifically, conductive matrices, mirroring neural tissue's electrical properties, hold potential for neural tissue repair. However, the synergistic impact of conductivity and biomolecules on injured peripheral nerves remains unexplored. In this study, conductive hydrogels via a three‐step click chemical reaction method, incorporating silk fibroin, graphene oxide, and Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate is crafted. The inclusion of fibroblast exosomes yielded a synergistic effect, enhancing recovery from peripheral nerve injuries. Graphene oxide heightened the electron transmission capacity of the hydrogels, while fibroblast exosomes endowed them with the ability to modulate cellular behaviors. This resulted in enhanced axon and myelin regeneration. Furthermore, the hydrogel facilitated vascular regeneration during peripheral nerve recovery through the VEGF/NOTCH signaling pathway. Transplanting conductive hydrogel conduits laden with fibroblast exosomes led to substantial functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve transection model. Consequently, a novel strategy to expedite the intricate repair of peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
Revamping Triboelectric Output by Deep Trap Construction
Authors: Wang Nannan , Liu Yizhe , Feng Yange , Yang Jing , Wu Yaze , Zhang Boya , Li Yixuan , Li Bofan , Wang Sheng , Ye Enyi , Zhang Yong‐Wei , Loh Xian Jun , Zhou Feng , Li Zibiao , Wang Daoai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh output performance is critical for building triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for future multifunctional applications. Unfortunately, the high triboelectric charge dissipation rate has a significant negative impact on its electrical output performance. Herein, a new tribolayer is designed through introducing self‐assembled molecules with large energy gaps on commercial PET fibric to form carrier deep traps, which improve charge retention while decreasing dissipation rates. The deep trap density of the PET increases by two orders of magnitude, resulting in an 86% reduction in the rate of charge dissipation and a significant increase in the charge density that can be accumulated on tribolayer during physical contact. The key explanation is that increasing the density of deep traps improves the dielectric's ability to store charges, making it more difficult for the triboelectric charges trapped by the tribolayer to escape from the deep traps, lowering the rate of charge dissipation. This TENG has a 1300% increase in output power density as a result of altering the deep trap density, demonstrating a significant improvement. This work describes a simple yet efficient method for building TENGs with ultra‐high electrical output and promotes their practical implementation in the sphere of the Internet of Things.
Passivating Dipole Layer Bridged 3D/2D Perovskite Heterojunction for Highly Efficient and Stable p‐i‐n Solar Cells
Authors: Zang Xiaoxiao , Xiong Shaobing , Jiang Sheng , Li Di , Wu Hongbo , Ren Hao , Cao Aiping , Li Bo , Ma Zaifei , Chen Jinde , Ding Liming , Tang Jianxin , Sun Zhenrong , Chu Junhao , Bao Qinye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConstructing 3D/2D perovskite heterojunction is a promising approach to integrate the benefits of high efficiency and superior stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, in contrast to n‐i‐p architectural PSCs, the p‐i‐n PSCs with 3D/2D heterojunction have serious limitations in achieving high‐performance as they suffer from a large energetic mismatch and electron extraction energy barrier from a 3D perovskite layer to a 2D perovskite layer, and serious nonradiative recombination at the heterojunction. Here a strategy of incorporating a thin passivating dipole layer (PDL) onto 3D perovskite and then depositing 2D perovskite without dissolving the underlying layer to form an efficient 3D/PDL/2D heterojunction is developed. It is revealed that PDL regulates the energy level alignment with the appearance of interfacial dipole and strongly interacts with 3D perovskite through covalent bonds, which eliminate the energetic mismatch, reduce the surface defects, suppress the nonradiative recombination, and thus accelerate the charge extraction at such electron‐selective contact. As a result, it is reported that the 3D/PDL/2D junction p‐i‐n PSCs present a power conversion efficiency of 24.85% with robust stability, which is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art efficiency of the 3D/2D junction n‐i‐p devices.
Electron Localization‐Triggered Proton Pumping Toward Cu Single Atoms for Electrochemical CO2 Methanation of Unprecedented Selectivity
Authors: Guo Zhenyan , Zhou Peng , Jiang Liqun , Liu Shengqi , Yang Ying , Li Zhengyi , Wu Peidong , Zhang Zehui , Li Hu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSlow multi‐proton coupled electron transfer kinetics and unexpected desorption of intermediates severely hinder the selectivity of CO2 methanation. In this work, a one‐stone‐two‐bird strategy of pumping protons and improving adsorption configuration/capability enabled by electron localization is developed to be highly efficient for CH4 electrosynthesis over Cu single atoms anchored on bismuth vacancies of BiVO4 (Bi1‐xVO4─Cu), with superior kinetic isotope effect and high CH4 Faraday efficiency (92%), far outperforming state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for CO2 methanation. Control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the bismuth vacancies (VBi) not only act as active sites for H2O dissociation but also induce electron transfer toward Cu single‐atom sites. The VBi‐induced electron localization pumps *H from VBi sites to Cu single atoms, significantly promoting the generation and stabilization of the pivotal intermediate (*CHO) for highly selective CH4 electrosynthesis. The metal vacancies as new initiators show enormous potential in the proton transfer‐involved hydrogenative conversion processes.
Tin (II) Chloride Salt Melts as Non‐Innocent Solvents for the Synthesis of Low‐Temperature Nanoporous Oxo‐Carbons for Nitrate Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Tian Zhihong , Bouchal Roza , Antonietti Markus , López‐Salas Nieves , Odziomek Mateusz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCarbonaceous electrocatalysts offer advantages over metal‐based counterparts, being cost‐effective, sustainable, and electrochemically stable. Their high surface area increases reaction kinetics, making them valuable for environmental applications involving contaminant removal. However, their rational synthesis is challenging due to the applied high temperatures and activation steps, leading to disordered materials with limited control over doping. Here, a new synthetic pathway using carbon oxide precursors and tin chloride as a p‐block metal salt melt is presented. As a result, highly porous oxygen‐rich carbon sheets (with a surface area of 1600 m2 g−1) are obtained at relatively low temperatures (400 °C). Mechanistic studies reveal that Sn(II) triggers reductive deoxygenation and concomitant condensation/cross‐linking, facilitated by the Sn(II) → Sn(IV) transition. Due to their significant surface area and oxygen doping, these materials demonstrate exceptional electrocatalytic activity in the nitrate‐to‐ammonia conversion, with an ammonia yield rate of 221 mmol g−1 h−1 and a Faradic efficiency of 93%. These results surpass those of other carbon‐based electrocatalysts. In situ Raman studies reveal that the reaction occurs through electrochemical hydrogenation, where active hydrogen is provided by water reduction. This work contributes to the development of carbonaceous electrocatalysts with enhanced performance for sustainable environmental applications.
Ionic Polyimine‐Based Composite Membrane with Inductive and Complexation Synergistic Effects for Sensitive and On‐Site Fluorescent Detection of Volatile Iodine
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Hao , Zhu Qiu‐Hong , Guo Shi‐Jie , Zhang Lei , Yu Chao , Qin Song , He Ling , Tao Guo‐Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAlong with the development of nuclear power, concerns about radioactive emissions and the potential for nuclear leakage have been widely raised, particularly of harmful iodine isotopes. However, as a significant component of nuclear air waste, the enrichment and detection of air‐dispersed gaseous iodine remain a challenge. In this work, it is focused on developing an attraction‐immobilization‐detection strategy‐based fluorescence method for the on‐site detection of volatile iodine, by employing a photoluminescent ionic polyimine network‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (IPIN‐PVP) composite membrane. This strategy synergizes ion‐induced dipole interactions from IPIN and complexation effects from PVP, allowing effective iodine enrichment and immobilization. As a result, the optimized IPIN‐PVP membrane exhibits rapid response times of 5 s and a low detection limit of 4.087 × 10−8 m for gaseous iodine. It also introduces a portable handheld detection device that utilizes the composite membrane, offering a practical solution for real‐time on‐site detection of volatile iodine. This innovation enhances nuclear safety measures and disaster management by providing rapid and reliable iodine detection capabilities.
Efficient Photosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Cyano‐Containing Covalent Organic Frameworks from Water, Air and Sunlight
Authors: Hou Yanghui , Zhou Peng , Liu Fuyang , Lu Yanyu , Tan Hao , Li Zhengmao , Tong Meiping , Ni Jinren 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe insufficient exciton (e−‐h+ pair) separation/transfer and sluggish two‐electron water oxidation are two main factors limiting the H2O2 photosynthetic efficiency of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) photocatalysts. Herein, we present an alternative strategy to simultaneously facilitate exciton separation/transfer and reduce the energy barrier of two‐electron water oxidation in COFs via a dicyano functionalization. The in situ characterization and theoretical calculations reveal that the dicyano functionalization improves the amount of charge transfer channels between donor and acceptor units from two in COF‐0CN without cyano functionalization to three in COF‐1CN with mono‐cyano functionalization and four in COF‐2CN with dicyano functionalization, leading to the highest separation/transfer efficiency in COF‐2CN. More importantly, the dicyano group activates the neighbouring C atom to produce the key *OH intermediate for effectively reducing the energy barrier of rate‐determining two‐electron water oxidation in H2O2 photosynthesis. The simultaneously enhanced exciton separation/transfer and two‐electron water oxidation in COF‐2CN result in high H2O2 yield (1601 μmol g−1 h−1) from water and oxygen without using sacrificial reagent under visible‐light irradiation. COF‐2CN can effectively yield H2O2 in water with wide pH range, in different real water samples, in scaled‐up reactor under natural sunlight irradiation, and in continuous‐flow reactor for consecutively producing H2O2 solution for water decontamination.
Medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol in human breast milk and association with maternal dietary patterns
Authors: Gong Jingru , Wang Lei , Wang Xingguo , Wei Wei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the influences of maternal dietary patterns on the triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, particular medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) in human breast milk. A total of 180 Chinese human breast milk samples were collected and divided into three dietary patterns groups accounting to semi‐quantitative food intake frequency questionnaire and a 24‐h dietary recall. The 180 samples were from 121 mothers in Nanjing, all of whom were mature milk (1 month postpartum and 3 months postpartum). Using high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, 108 TAGs were identified and quantified. In breast milk samples, MLCTs accounted for 25.76% (median of 24.63%; 95% CI: 24.60, 26.92) of the total TAGs. In human breast milk, the main type of MLCT is the triacylglycerol with one medium‐chain fatty acid and two long‐chain fatty acids (MLL type) which accounted for ~81% of total MLCTs. Among the molecular species of MLCT, O‐P‐La and O‐L‐La are the two most abundant configurations in MLCT (2.28% and 2.17% of total TAGs, respectively). MLCT in breast milk was positively correlated with the energy supply ratio of carbohydrates (p = 0.205), which was significantly higher than that of the other two groups (p = −0.150 and −0.232).