bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen Levels in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Nivolumab: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Trial
Authors: Tsimafeyeu Ilya , Musaeva Gunel , Utyashev Igor , Zakurdaeva Kristina , Gerk Ivan , Anna Olshanskaya , Mahmudova Samira , Otkhozoria Nana , Volkova Maria , Mitin Timur 
Published: September 2023

Background: Introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the standard of care for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) requires robust but yet simple biomarkers to predict efficacy of immunotherapy. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fibrinogen levels and efficacy of second-line therapy with nivolumab in mRCC. Methods: This is a prospective multicenter biomarker study. Fibrinogen levels were measured one week prior to second-line nivolumab therapy and six times monthly. A high fibrinogen level was defined as ≥5 g/L. Patients were divided into two cohorts: high (H) and normal (N) fibrinogen levels. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: The median OS was 31.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.9 to 35.1) in cohort N vs. 20.9 months (95% CI, 18.1 to 23.7) in cohort H (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; 98.5% CI, 0.21 to 0.7; P = 0.002). The median progression-free survival was 9.4 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 14.1) in cohort N and 4.0 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 5.1) in cohort H (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.72; P <  0.001). The objective response rate was higher in N cohort (33% vs. 17% ; P = 0.012). No statistically significant changes of fibrinogen concentration during nivolumab therapy were found. Conclusion: The study demonstrated an association of hyperfibrinogenemia with worse clinical outcomes of second-line nivolumab monotherapy in patients with mRCC. Further validation of fibrinogen as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy efficacy in patients with mRCC is warranted.
Pragmatic Syncretism in the Use of Hedges (Based on Russian Thesis Reviews)
Authors: Viktorova E. Yu. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The article deals with pragmatic syncretism and syncretic aspects of hedges – words and phrases used to mitigate claims, that is make them vaguer, more tentative and more uncertain. Hedges are looked upon as a type of discourse markers which are focused on the writer-reader interaction and the writer’s self-presentation.Methodology and sources. The research is based on the speech genre of the official thesis review known for its especially mitigated language, which may be determined by publicity of thesis defences at a viva voce in Russia, positive evaluation of thesis made at a predefence stage and potential personal relations of the degree seeker, their supervisor and the reviewer. The corpus of 64 reviews (about 90 000 words) written by Russian scholars was analyzed including reviews in linguistics, literature studies, history, physics, chemistry and medicine.Results and discussion. The author introduces the notion of pragmatic syncretism which involves the merging or assimilation of several pragmatic functions performed by one linguistic unit while realizing several illocutionary tasks. The research allowed to single out two varieties of hedges: 1) single purpose hedges aimed only at mitigation of claims and 2) general purpose hedges aimed at mitigation of claims together with some other interactive task. Among these additional tasks are the following: authorization (self-mentions), performative, evaluative in relation both to the proposition or to the words used by the author. According to the quantitative analysis, syncretic hedges make up 52 % of all hedges used in the reviews. The author provides the pragmatically oriented analysis of syncretic hedges realizing strategies of indetermination, subjectivisation and depersonalization. Strategies of subjectivisation and depersonalization are registered as most frequent.Conclusion. It is emphasized that hedges are predisposed to syncretic usage due to their inherent modal meanings which are realized integrally and which are, therefore, difficult to specify. The ontological ground of this tendency is associated with the symbiotic nature of human thinking where rational and sensuous baselines are naturally and productively reconciled.
Moral Agency Conditions: Moral Agent, Limited Moral Agent, Quasi-Moral Agent
Authors: Glebova S. V. , Perova N. V. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The concept of “moral agent” and its boundaries are not currently clearly defined. Given the connection between moral agency and moral responsibility, it seems necessary to introduce a clear definition of “moral agent”, as well as to differentiate the types of moral agency. The hypothesis of this article is that although the notion of a moral agent in itself is rather limited, there are a number of “borderline” groups, the definition of the status of which needs to be clarified.Methodology and sources. The article provides an ethical and philosophical analysis of approaches to the definition of a moral agency, a comparative analysis of the concepts of a moral agent and a moral subject, as well as approaches to determining the moral statuses of various “borderline” groups in the context of the works of J. MacMurray, A. Taylor, I. Kant, M Rowlands, J. Searle and others.Results and discussion. The article presents an analysis of the definitions of a “moral agent”, highlights the key features that make it possible to speak of a moral agency as an independent moral concept, as well as determine the conditions for the onset of moral agency. To differentiate the types of moral agents, the article introduces the concept of “limited moral agent” to denote the special status of children and the mentally ill. Evidence is provided that people belonging to these categories may have the status of a moral agent, although not to the extent that this status initially implies. As part of the definition of artificial intelligence as a “quasi-moral agent”, the key features of AI in the framework of moral communication between AI and a person are identified.Conclusion. Based on the analysis, the article proposes a number of requirements for a moral agency. Based on these requirements, it is proposed to distinguish such types of moral agency as a limited moral agent, including children and the mentally ill, as well as a quasi-moral agent, which is an artificially created agent, including artificial intelligence.
The Interpretation of “diaspora” in Chinese Language: its Diversity and Influence on Social Theory and Practice
Authors: Van N. , Leonteva E. O. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The Chinese language, unlike Russian, has several terms, denoting different statuses of Chinese migrants, but there is no term such as “diaspora”. These features are interpreted by the authors along the lines of social ontology as independent sociological concepts, constructing particular migrant groups. The article’s oobjective is to show their internal coherence and correlation with the notion of “diaspora” as well as to outline the difficulties and problems occurring as the result of the interaction between researchers dealing with the topic. The relevance of the study stems from the fact that researchers have paid little attention to differences in national academic discourses that are meanwhile very important because intercultural differences can only be negotiated if there is an understanding of what they are. With regard to diaspora discussions, this understanding has yet to be developed. The article shows that in diaspora studies there is a language barrier, which at the moment is currently an impassable obstacle for authors who write about the diaspora in different languages.Methodology and sources. To work on the article, the authors used a discursive analysis of academic texts on Chinese migration and Chinese migrants, as well as dictionaries and official documents such as the Large Chinese-Russian Dictionary, the Tsihai Dictionary (辞海 ci hai – Sea of words), the Large Russian Encyclopedia, State Council resolutions, and Chinese legislation.Results and discussion. The treatment of 10 terms replacing the notion of “diaspora” in Chinese language is disclosed. The authors describe characteristic features of each group. It is illustrated that there is a linguistic asymmetry, as a result of which the European notion of “diaspora” receives specific connotations when translated into Chinese that cannot account all the features of this community, thus in the Chinese academic discourse the substitution with the most important from the translator and editor's point of view equivalent (the situation “instead of diaspora”) is made.Conclusion. It is concluded that in Chinese, through translation, the author expresses important features of the migrant community, emphasising either its closeness, or its distance to the “diaspora” status.
The Case of African International Students in China at the Height of COVID-19
Authors: Agyenim-Boateng Raymond , Watson Ashley 
Published: September 2023

This scholarly reflection centers the experiences of African international students hosted in China during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Media coverage and photos of African student maltreatment during the first and second waves of COVID-19 are compiled after a cursory commentary of Sino-African relations. In the midst of soaring anti-Asian hatred around the world, African international students were discriminated against and subject to inhumane treatment across China. We acknowledge both of these violences coexist and call on critical interculturalist and agents of internationalization to consider issues of global anti-blackness and adopt an intersectional lens in studying international students’ experiences.
Human Capacity Development as a Tool to Maximize the 2045 Demographic Bonus and Strengthen National Defense in Indonesia
Authors: Eze Henry Iheanacho , Almubaraq Hikmat Zakky , Perwita Anak Agung Bayu , Falefi Reinpal 
Published: September 2023

<p class="Els-history-head">Human capacity building offers an opportunity for Indonesia’s demography bonus and enhancement of national defense. This lofty goal necessitates this study to assess how human capacity development could be leveraged as a tool for the demographic bonus towards enhancing national defense. The study utilizes qualitative methodology in addressing the research objectives. To maximize a projected demographic bonus by 2045 for Indonesia, a key strategy for state defense is the maximization of human resources to ensure productivity. Three efforts to this effect have been identified and studied. The Merdeka Belajar (Independent Learning) curriculum and the Merdeka Kampus (Independent Campuses) initiative identified processes for educational reform in Indonesia to face the challenges of the demographic bonus in 2045. Another tangible means for human capacity development is the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Project, which actualizes the values of Pancasila in the educational process and everyday life through student activities. The creation of excellent and competent human resources is not only to support the economic aspects and industry needs but also in the interests of national defense. The study concluded through holistic education, strengthened defense consciousness, industry-academia collaborations, and a persistent drive for leadership and values, Indonesia is not just preparing for a demographic bonus but </p>
MENGAJARKAN NILAI-NILAI ISLAM PADA ANAK MELALUI KEGIATAN MENGAJI DAN SOSIALISASI PENTINGNYA MENJAGA KEBERSIHAN PADA ANAK
Authors: Pangihutan Gultom Jhonson , Sevtia Delva , Siddik M.Ibrahim , Zanovid Vikra Zaky , Muharam Hasril , Priambodo Adrian , Anggraini Helpi , Merinda Arty Syukma , Asriani Putri Suci 
Published: September 2023

Tujuan dari melakukan kegiatan yang diterapkan pada masyarakat yaitu memberi pemahaman mengenai nilai-nilai islam melalui ngaji kepada anak-anak dan memberi pemahaman mengenai pentingnya kebersihan gigi pada anak serta memberikan tindakan deteksi dini untuk gigi berlubang. Kegiatan tersebut akan meliputi metode pelaksanaan observasi, lokakarya, program kerja kelompok dan evaluasi. Dibalik keberhasilan kegiatan-kegiatan tesebut ada beberapa bahan pendukung dalam melaksanakan kegiatan tersebut yaitu Al-Qur’an, alat peraga sikat gigi dan odol, serta artikel atau jurnal-jurnal dalam mendukung penyampaian materi mengenai kebersihan gigi. Hasil dari kegiatan telah tercapai dengan terbentuknya kebiasaan menjaga kebersihan gigi untuk setiap harinya dan semangat akan melakukan kegiatan-kegiatan yang didasari oleh nilai-nilai islam. Dengan melakukan kegiatan ini anak-anak memahami dan mendapatkan ilmu mengenai nilai-nilai islam dan memahami menjaga kebersihan gigi untuk setiap harinya. Setelah melaksanakan program kerja KKN Periode 99 kepada masyarakat, saran yang bisa kami berikan untuk masyarakat agar lebih merawat peninggalan atau atribut yang dibuat selama KKN dan pemerintah daerah setempat lebih memperhatikan kondisi keluarga disana terkhususnya anak – anak generasi muda Indonesia.
MEMBANGUN KEJAR (KAMPOENG BELAJAR) DAN PENGADAAN SARANA PEMBUATAN PLANG NAMA TOKOH MASYARAKAT SERTA PENUNJUK JALAN TPS3R
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Nabil , Fitriansyah Aidil , Nuraini Masna , Anam Muhammad Fakhrul , Wulandari Annisa , Alfath Habib Thariq , Hanifan Muhammad Daffa , Firdausa Novita Arifani , Maysinta Yolanda , Chanafiah Yayah 
Published: September 2023

Kuliah Kerja Nyata merupakan salah satu bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang termasuk dalam Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi. Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) adalah bentuk pendidikan mahasiswa yang dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pengalaman belajar secara nyata untuk hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat secara langsung, mengidentifikasi, serta membantu menangani masalah-masalah yang ada di lingkungan masyarakat. Tujuan dilaksanakannya KKN oleh Universitas Bengkulu adalah agar mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman belajar melalui keterlibatannya dalam masyarakat secara langsung, dapat memberikan sumbangan pikiran berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang diperoleh selama kuliah, serta dapat meningkatkan hubungan antara Universitas Bengkulu dengan pemerintahan daerah, Instansi serta warga di lokasi KKN. Salah satu lokasi KKN mahasiswa UNIB Periode 99 adalah di Kelurahan Sumber Jaya RT 18 RW 06, Kecamatan Kampung Melayu, Kota Bengkulu. Pelaksanaan KKN di samping dilakukan secara reguler, juga dilaksanakan melalui program khusus sesuai dengan situasi dan kondisi yang ada pada masyarakat. Kegiatan mahasiswa KKN dilakukan dengan proses pendampingan dan kontrol oleh Dosen Pembimbing Lapangan (DPL) secara terprogram.
Melalui program KKN, Universitas Bengkulu menugaskan mahasiswa KKN dalam melaksanakan tema OSSOF (One Student Save One Family) serta menugaskan mahasiswa KKN untuk ikut serta memberikan gagasan, ide, pemikiran dan tindakan. Oleh karena itu kelompok kami menetapkan program kerja yang sesuai dengan tema KKN tersebut yaitu Membangun kejar (kampoeng belajar) untuk anak-anak di kelurahan sumber jaya RT 18 RW06 sebagai wadah anak-anak untuk meningkatkan minat belajar. Selain itu, kelompok kami juga memiliki proker lainnya, yaitu pembuatan plang nama untuk tokoh masyarakat (RT, RW, Ketua muda mudi) serta plang penunjuk jalan menuju TPS3R, sebagai penanda dan mempermudah untuk mencari sebuah alamat yang akan dituju.
Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam Kuliah Kerja Nyata ini adalah observasi, yaitu dilakukannya peninjauan atau pengamatan secara langsung dengan melihat kegiatan-kegiatan sekitar lokasi kegiatan pelaksanaan KKN. Pada tahapan pelaksanaan, mahasiswa mempersiapkan materi terlebih dahulu terkait dengan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan.
Biomimetic on-chip assay reveals the anti-metastatic potential of a novel thienopyrimidine compound in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Sigdel Indira , Ofori-Kwafo Awurama , Heizelman Robert J. , Nestor-Kalinoski Andrea , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Tiwari Amit K. , Tang Yuan 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This study presents a microfluidic tumor microenvironment (TME) model for evaluating the anti-metastatic efficacy of a novel thienopyrimidines analog with anti-cancer properties utilizing an existing commercial platform. The microfluidic device consists of a tissue compartment flanked by vascular channels, allowing for the co-culture of multiple cell types and providing a wide range of culturing conditions in one device.Methods: Human metastatic, drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells (SUM159PTX) and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to model the TME. A dynamic perfusion scheme was employed to facilitate EC physiological function and lumen formation.Results: The measured permeability of the EC barrier was comparable to observed microvessels permeability in vivo. The TNBC cells formed a 3D tumor, and co-culture with HUVEC negatively impacted EC barrier integrity. The microfluidic TME was then used to model the intravenous route of drug delivery. Paclitaxel (PTX) and a novel non-apoptotic agent TPH104c were introduced via the vascular channels and successfully reached the TNBC tumor, resulting in both time and concentration-dependent tumor growth inhibition. PTX treatment significantly reduced EC barrier integrity, highlighting the adverse effects of PTX on vascular ECs. TPH104c preserved EC barrier integrity and prevented TNBC intravasation.Discussion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of microfluidics for studying complex biological processes in a controlled environment and evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in more physiologically relevant conditions. This model can be a valuable tool for screening potential anticancer drugs and developing personalized cancer treatment strategies.
Tau protein modulates an epigenetic mechanism of cellular senescence in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Magrin Claudia , Bellafante Martina , Sola Martina , Piovesana Ester , Bolis Marco , Cascione Luciano , Napoli Sara , Rinaldi Andrea , Papin Stéphanie , Paganetti Paolo 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Progressive Tau deposition in neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads is the hallmark of tauopathies, a disorder group that includes Alzheimer’s disease. Since Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, a prevalent concept to explain the pathogenesis of tauopathies is that abnormal Tau modification contributes to dissociation from microtubules, assembly into multimeric β-sheets, proteotoxicity, neuronal dysfunction and cell loss. Tau also localizes in the cell nucleus and evidence supports an emerging function of Tau in DNA stability and epigenetic modulation.Methods: To better characterize the possible role of Tau in regulation of chromatin compaction and subsequent gene expression, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of transcriptome data obtained from Tau-depleted human neuroblastoma cells.Results: Among the transcripts deregulated in a Tau-dependent manner, we found an enrichment of target genes for the polycomb repressive complex 2. We further describe decreased cellular amounts of the core components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 and lower histone 3 trimethylation in Tau deficient cells. Among the de-repressed polycomb repressive complex 2 target gene products, IGFBP3 protein was found to be linked to increased senescence induction in Tau-deficient cells.Discussion: Our findings propose a mechanism for Tau-dependent epigenetic modulation of cell senescence, a key event in pathologic aging.
A tale of two scandals: scale shift and the inefficacy of crisis communication management in Olympic scandals
Authors: Meier Henk Erik , Tickell Samuel , Konjer Mara Verena 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionMega sporting events, such as the Olympic Games, provide niche sports with unique opportunities to attract public attention. However, scandals during these events can pose serious threats to these sports. In particular, if a sport scandal enables hostile stakeholders to achieve a scale shift, it becomes almost impossible for a niche sport organization to manage the scandal.MethodsThe article employs a comparative research design that examines the trajectory of two scandals related to the German Olympic team that differ with regard to the occurrence of a scale shift. The first scandal involved a racist slur made by a German official during a cycling event; the second scandal was a case of animal cruelty during the modern pentathlon's equestrian event. Research relies on a mix of qualitative document analyses and quantitative analyses of the German Twitter discourse on both scandals. The analyses focus on the vulnerability to scandals, the potential for contentious politics, the scandal triggering events, the crisis communication, the reception, and the outcomes of both scandals.Results and discussionOur results show the detrimental impact of a scale shift on niche sports. The animal cruelty scandal put the future of the modern pentathlon at the Olympics at risk and triggered far-reaching reforms. The case supports the idea that a scale shift becomes more likely if there exists an effective collective action frame. In contrast, the German sports organizations effectively ended the racist slur scandal by imposing a limited sanction on the offender.
Enhancing attention in autism spectrum disorder: comparative analysis of virtual reality-based training programs using physiological data
Authors: Sanku Bhavya Sri , Li Yi (Joy) , Jung Sungchul , Mei Chao , He Jing (Selena) 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundThe ability to maintain attention is crucial for achieving success in various aspects of life, including academic pursuits, career advancement, and social interactions. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) is a common symptom associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which can pose challenges for individuals affected by it, impacting their social interactions and learning abilities. To address this issue, virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for attention training with the ability to create personalized virtual worlds, providing a conducive platform for attention-focused interventions. Furthermore, leveraging physiological data can be instrumental in the development and enhancement of attention-training techniques for individuals.MethodsIn our preliminary study, a functional prototype for attention therapy systems was developed. In the current phase, the objective is to create a framework called VR-PDA (Virtual Reality Physiological Data Analysis) that utilizes physiological data for tracking and improving attention in individuals. Four distinct training strategies such as noise, score, object opacity, and red vignette are implemented in this framework. The primary goal is to leverage virtual reality technology and physiological data analysis to enhance attentional capabilities.ResultsOur data analysis results revealed that reinforcement training strategies are crucial for improving attention in individuals with ASD, while they are not significant for non-autistic individuals. Among all the different strategies employed, the noise strategy demonstrates superior efficacy in training attention among individuals with ASD. On the other hand, for Non-ASD individuals, no specific training proves to be effective in enhancing attention. The total gazing time feature exhibited benefits for participants with and without ASD.DiscussionThe results consistently demonstrated favorable outcomes for both groups, indicating an enhanced level of attentiveness. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of different strategies for attention training and emphasize the potential of virtual reality (VR) and physiological data in attention training programs for individuals with ASD. The results of this study open up new avenues for further research and inspire future developments.