bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Na+, K+‐ATPase activity in rat striatum by guanidinoacetate
Authors: Zugno Alexandra I. , Stefanello Francieli M. , Streck Emilio L. , Calcagnotto Thiago , Wannmacher Clóvis M.D. , Wajner Moacir , Wyse Angela T.S. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the effect of guanidinoacetate (GAA), the principal metabolite accumulating in guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT)‐deficiency, on Na+, K+‐ATPase, Mg2+‐ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in striatum of young rats. We also studied the kinetics of the inhibition of Na+, K+‐ATPase activity caused by guanidinoacetate. Guanidinoacetate did not alter acetylcholinesterase and Mg2+‐ATPase activities, but significantly inhibited Na+, K+‐ATPase activity. The apparent Km and Vmax of Na+, K+‐ATPase for ATP as substrate were 0.20 mM and 0.82 nmol inorganic phosphate (Pi) released per min per mg of protein, respectively. Ki value was 7.18 mM, and the inhibition was of the uncompetitive type. The results also showed a competition between guanidinoacetate and argininic acid (AA), suggesting a common binding site for the guanidino compounds (GC) on the enzyme. It is proposed that Na+, K+‐ATPase inhibition by guanidinoacetate may be one of the mechanisms involved in the neuronal dysfunction observed in GAMT‐deficiency and in other diseases which accumulate guanidinoacetate.
Parents' perceptions of their 1–6‐year‐old children's pain
Authors: Kankkunen Päivi M , Vehviläinen‐Julkunen Katri M , Pietilä Anna‐Maija K , Halonen Pirjo M 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackground of the study. Parents' perceptions of children's pain may have influence on how children's postoperative pain is alleviated at home after discharge from hospital.Purpose of the study. To describe Parents' perceptions of 1–6‐year‐old children's pain.Methods. Mothers (N=201) and fathers (N=114) whose child had undergone a day surgery in 10 Finnish central hospitals between October 2000 and September 2001 filled in a questionnaire including statements of pain perceptions, a Visual Analogue Scale to assess children's pain intensity and Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) to measure children's pain behaviours.Results. Most of the parents suggested that adults have the responsibility to alleviate child's pain and that alleviation of child's postoperative pain prevents the child's fears during future visits in child welfare clinic. However, majority of parents described that postoperative pain decreases every day or that pain is always a part of surgery. Differences in Parents' perceptions were found by both Parents' and children's background variables. Parents' perceptions of children's pain were related to children's pain intensity and pain behaviours after surgery.Conclusions. Parents' perceptions of children's pain were related to children's pain after surgery at home. Adequate information of children's pain should be provided to the parents before discharge to promote children's pain alleviation at home. Special attention should be paid on Parents' expectations of boys’ higher pain tolerance.
Treatment of chronic pain with millimetre wave therapy (MWT) in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases: a pilot case series study
Authors: Usichenko Taras I , Herget Horst F 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBackground. Pain relief is reported to be the most common clinical application of electromagnetic millimetre waves.Aim. To evaluate safety and pain relief effect of millimetre wave therapy (MWT) for treatment of chronic joint pain in a group of patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases.Methods. Twelve patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases received MWT in addition to their analgesic medication with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. MWT procedure included the exposure of tender points around the painful joints to electromagnetic waves with frequency 54–78 GHz and power density of . The time of exposure was 35±5 min and the total number of sessions ranged from 5 to 10 (median 6). Intensity of pain, medication requirement, joint stiffness and subjective assessment of therapy success were measured before, during and immediately after the treatment, and after a 6‐months follow‐up.Results. No adverse effects of MWT were noted. Pain intensity and required medication decreased significantly after the treatment (p<0.05) and remained at the same level throughout the follow‐up period. The joint stiffness decreased and the subjective assessment of the treatment success after 6 month did not change except in only one patient.Conclusion. MWT applied to tender points around the affected joints was safe under the conditions of our study and after an appropriate full‐scale double‐blind clinical study, may be recommended as an effective adjunct therapy for chronic pain treatment in patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases.
Statistical design of reverse dye microarrays
Authors: Dobbin K. , Shih J. H. , Simon R. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: In cDNA microarray experiments all samples are labelled with either Cy3 dye or Cy5 dye. Certain genes exhibit dye bias—a tendency to bind more efficiently to one of the dyes. The common reference design avoids the problem of dye bias by running all arrays ‘forward’, so that the samples being compared are always labelled with the same dye. But comparison of samples labelled with different dyes is sometimes of interest. In these situations, it is necessary to run some arrays‘ reverse’—with the dye labelling reversed—in order to correct for the dye bias. The design of these experiments will impact one’s ability to identify genes that are differentially expressed in different tissues or conditions. We address the design issue of how many specimens are needed, how many forward and reverse labelled arrays to perform, and how to optimally assign Cy3 and Cy5 labels to the specimens.
Results: We consider three types of experiments for which some reverse labelling is needed: paired samples, samples from two predefined groups, and reference design data when comparison with the reference is of interest. We present simple probability models for the data, derive optimal estimators for relative gene expression, and compare the efficiency of the estimators for a range of designs. In each case, we present the optimal design and sample size formulas. We show that reverse labelling of individual arrays is generally not required.
Contact: dobbinke@mail.nih.gov.
Supplementary information: Supplementary material referenced in the text is available at http://linus.nci.nih.gov/~brb/TechReport.htm
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
MARAN: normalizing micro-array data
Authors: Engelen Kristof , Coessens Bert , Marchal Kathleen , De Moor Bart 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Summary: MARAN is a web-based application for normalizing microarray data. MARAN comprises a generic ANOVA model, an option for Loess fitting prior to ANOVA analysis, and a module for selecting genes with significantly changing expression.
Availability: http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/maran/
Contact: kristof.engelen@esat.kuleuven.ac.be
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
ALES: cell lineage analysis and mapping of developmental events
Authors: Braun V. , Azevedo R. B. R. , Gumbel M. , Agapow P.-M. , Leroi A. M. , Meinzer H.-P. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Animals build their bodies by altering the fates of cells. The way in which they do so is reflected in the topology of cell lineages and the fates of terminal cells. Cell lineages should, therefore, contain information about the molecular events that determined them. Here we introduce new tools for visualizing, manipulating, and extracting the information contained in cell lineages. Our tools enable us to analyze very large cell lineages, where previously analyses have only been carried out on cell lineages no larger than a few dozen cells.
Results: Ales (A Lineage Evaluation System) allows the display, evaluation and comparison of cell lineages with the aim of identifying molecular and cellular events underlying development. Ales introduces a series of algorithms that locate putative developmental events. The distribution of these predicted events can then be compared to gene expression patterns or other cellular characteristics. In addition, artificial lineages can be generated, or existing lineages modified, according to a range of models, in order to test hypotheses about lineage evolution.
Availability: The program can run on any operating system with a compliant Java 2 environment. Ales is free for academic use and can be downloaded from http://mbi.dkfz-heidelberg.de/mbi/research/cellsim/ales.
Contact: CellO@dkfz-heidelberg.de
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Improvement of the GenTHREADER method for genomic fold recognition
Authors: McGuffin Liam J. , Jones David T. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: In order to enhance genome annotation, the fully automatic fold recognition method GenTHREADER has been improved and benchmarked. The previous version of GenTHREADER consisted of a simple neural network which was trained to combine sequence alignment score, length information and energy potentials derived from threading into a single score representing the relationship between two proteins, as designated by CATH. The improved version incorporates PSI-BLAST searches, which have been jumpstarted with structural alignment profiles from FSSP, and now also makes use of PSIPRED predicted secondary structure and bi-directional scoring in order to calculate the final alignment score. Pairwise potentials and solvation potentials are calculated from the given sequence alignment which are then used as inputs to a multi-layer, feed-forward neural network, along with the alignment score, alignment length and sequence length. The neural network has also been expanded to accommodate the secondary structure element alignment (SSEA) score as an extra input and it is now trained to learn the FSSP Z-score as a measurement of similarity between two proteins.
Results: The improvements made to GenTHREADER increase the number of remote homologues that can be detected with a low error rate, implying higher reliability of score, whilst also increasing the quality of the models produced. We find that up to five times as many true positives can be detected with low error rate per query. Total MaxSub score is doubled at low false positive rates using the improved method.
Availability: http://www.psipred.net
Contact: l.mcguffin@cs.ucl.ac.uk
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Towards optimal views of proteins
Authors: Sverud Oscar , MacCallum Robert M. 
Published: April 2003

Abstract
Motivation: Graphical representations of proteins in online databases generally give default views orthogonal to the PDB file coordinate system. These views are often uninformative in terms of protein structure and/or function. Here we discuss the development of a simple automatic algorithm to provide a ‘good’ view of a protein domain with respect to its structural features.
Results: We used dimension reduction with the preservation of topology (using Kohonen’s self organising map) to map 3D carbon alpha coordinates into 2D. The original protein structure was then rotated to the view which corresponded most closely to the 2D mapping. This procedure, which we call OVOP, was evaluated in a public blind trial on the web against random views and a ‘flattest’ view. The OVOP views were consistently rated ‘better’ than the other views by our volunteers.
Availability: The source code is available from the OVOP homepage: http://www.sbc.su.se/~oscar/ovop
Contact: maccallr@sbc.su.se
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
LOCAL LINEAR INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS BASED ON CLUSTERING
Authors: KARHUNEN JUHA , MĂlĂROIU SIMONA , ILMONIEMI MIKA 
Published: April 2003

In standard Independent Component Analysis (ICA), a linear data model is used for a global description of the data. Even though linear ICA yields meaningful results in many cases, it can provide a crude approximation only for general nonlinear data distributions. In this paper a new structure is proposed, where local ICA models are used in connection with a suitable grouping algorithm clustering the data. The clustering part is responsible for an overall coarse nonlinear representation of the data, while linear ICA models of each cluster are used for describing local features of the data. The goal is to represent the data better than in linear ICA while avoiding computational difficulties related with nonlinear ICA. Several data grouping methods are considered, including standard K-means clustering, self-organizing maps, and neural gas. Connections to existing methods are discussed, and experimental results are given for artificial data and natural images. Furthermore, a general theoretical framework encompassing a large number of methods for representing data is introduced. These range from global, dense representation methods to local, very sparse coding methods. The proposed local ICA methods lie between these two extremes.
DEPLOYMENT OF NATIVE IP MULTICAST ROUTING SERVICES ON THE ITALIAN ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH NETWORK
Authors: FERRARI TIZIANA , PINIZZOTTO ANTONIO , SOMMANI MARCO , POBRIC DAMIR 
Published: April 2003

In 1993 the GARR (Italian Academic and Research Network) was connected to MBONE (worldwide IP multicast enabled network backbone). Since then, and especially in the last few years, this network has been used to test and develop new IP multicast routing protocols and applications. However it was a tunnel-based solution, not suitable for taking advantage of the new potential of IP multicast nor for use by a large community. This paper describes the work done for a migration to a native IP multicast routing deployment, highlighting the solutions adopted when dealing with the implementation problems and the complex wide area network management. The aim of this work is also to ensure a native IP multicast connection with the other Research Networks and the rest of Internet.
OPTIMALITY AND SELF-STABILIZATION IN ROOTED TREE NETWORKS
Authors: PETIT FRANCK , VILLAIN VINCENT 
Published: April 2003

In this paper, we consider arbitrary tree networks where every processor, except one, called the root, executes the same program. We show that, to design a depth-first token circulation protocol in such networks, it is necessary to have at least [Formula: see text] configurations, where n is the number of processors in the network and Δi is the degree of processor pi. We then propose a depth-first token circulation algorithm which matches the above minimal number of configurations. We show that the proposed algorithm is self-stabilizing, i.e., the system eventually recovers itself to a legitimate state after any perturbation modifying the state of the processors. Hence, the proposed algorithm is optimal in terms of the number of configurations and no extra cost is involved in making it stabilizing.
SYMMETRIC COMMUNICATION IN ALL-OPTICAL TREE NETWORKS
Authors: CARAGIANNIS IOANNIS , KAKLAMANIS CHRISTOS , PERSIANO PINO 
Published: April 2003

We address the problem of allocating optical bandwidth to a set of communication requests in a tree-shaped all-optical network that utilizes Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology. WDM technology establishes communication between pairs of nodes of the network by establishing tranceiver–receiver paths and assigning wavelengths to each path so that no two paths going through the same link use the same wavelength. Optical bandwidth is the number of distinct wavelengths. The important engineering problem to be solved is to establish communication between pairs of nodes so that the total number of wavelengths used is minimized. In this paper, we focus on a special case of the problem considering patterns of requests that are symmetric, i.e. for any transmitter–receiver pair of nodes (v1, v2) there also exists its symmetric (v2, v1). Our motivation lies in the fact that many services that are expected to be supported by high performance optical networks in the future, require bidirectional reservation of bandwidth. We prove that the problem of optimizing the number of wavelengths used is NP-hard even when the underlying network is a binary tree. We also present two interesting lower bounds.
TUNING TASK GRANULARITY AND DATA LOCALITY OF DATA PARALLEL GPH PROGRAMS
Authors: LOIDL HANS-WOLFGANG , TRINDER PHILIP W. , BUTZ CARSTEN 
Published: April 2003

The performance of data parallel programs often hinges on two key coordination aspects: the computational costs of the parallel tasks relative to their management overhead — task granularity; and the communication costs induced by the distance between tasks and their data — data locality. In data parallel programs both granularity and locality can be improved by clustering, i.e. arranging for parallel tasks to operate on related sub-collections of data. The GPH parallel functional language automatically manages most coordination aspects, but also allows some high-level control of coordination using evaluation strategies. We study the coordination behavior of two typical data parallel programs, and find that while they can be improved by introducing clustering evaluation strategies, further performance improvements can be achieved by restructuring the program. We introduce a new generic Cluster class that allows clustering to be systematically introduced, and improved by program transformation. In contrast to many other parallel program transformation approaches, we transform realistic programs and report performance results on a 32-processor Beowulf cluster. The cluster class is highly-generic and extensible, amenable to reasoning, and avoids conflating computation and coordination aspects of the program.
ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF BULK (Bi1.6Pb0.4)(Sr1.8Ba0,2)(Ca1-xErx)2Cu3Oy SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEM
Authors: POP A. V. , DEAC I. G. , ILONCA GH. , DELTOUR R. 
Published: April 2003

The effects of partial substitution of Ca by Er on the superconductivity and normal state properties of the bulk superconductor ( Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4)( Sr 1.8 Ba 0.2)( Ca 1-x Er x)2 Cu 3 Oy (0≤x≤0.2) have been investigated using electrical resistivity, a.c. and d.c. magnetic susceptibility measurements. Above the excess conductivity region, all samples are characterised by a linear temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. The analysis of the resistivity data in the normal state reveal that the residual resistivity and the parameter p (related to the percolation path in granular samples) increase with increasing x. The critical transition temperature determined from resistivity data, T c and T c (ρ=0), are identical to intra-and intergrain critical temperatures derived from the a.c. susceptibility measurements. These temperatures decreases linearly with increasing Er content. For samples with x≤0.005 a temperature independent susceptibility was evidenced and for x>0.005 the susceptibility data as a function of temperature is well described by a Curie-Weiss law with an effective magnetic moment corresponding to the Er3+ ion.
O-LATTICES FOR RANK-DEFICIENT DISPLACEMENT FIELD MATRICES
Authors: GÓMEZ ALFREDO , ROMEU DAVID 
Published: April 2003

In this work the properties of O-lattices are investigated in the case where the rank of the displacement field matrix is less than three. The approaches due to Bollmann are reviewed and it is shown that one of them is equivalent to the use of the Moore–Penrose pseudo-inverse of the displacement field matrix instead of its (in this case inexistent) inverse.The geometry of the pseudo-inverse approach is discussed and a general solution in terms of the singular value decomposition is proposed.
DETERMINATION OF THE DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF FERROELECTRICS USING NONLINEAR TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Authors: KAPSCH RALF-PETER , KANTZ HOLGER , HEGGER RAINER , DIESTELHORST MARTIN 
Published: April 2003

We investigate the behavior of an experimental electric resonance circuit with a nonlinear capacitor. Triglycine sulfate (TGS) was used as nonlinear dielectric material. This is the most thoroughly investigated ferroelectric with a second-order phase transition. Its static dielectric small signal behavior is well described in the framework of the Landau theory of phase transitions. The dynamic behavior however is strongly related to relaxation phenomena due to switching of domains. Here the theoretical situation is still unclear. By mere data analysis we construct an ordinary differential equation which describes the dynamical behavior of the circuit, and which is simple in the sense of Ockham's razor. The structure of this equation is closely related to the dynamical properties of the ferroelectric. We are therefore able to gain some insights into the dynamical behavior of ferroelectrics, which may give some hints for a more exhaustive analysis of nonequilibrium properties of ferroelectrics.
VIRTUAL MODEL BASED ADAPTIVE DYNAMIC CONTROL OF A BIPED WALKING ROBOT
Authors: HU JIANJUEN J. , PRATT JERRY E. , CHEW CHEE-MENG , HERR HUGH M. , PRATT GILL A. 
Published: April 2003

The robustness of bipedal walking robots can be enhanced by the use of adaptive control techniques. In this paper, we extend a previous control approach. "Virtual Model Control" (VMC) [6] to create "Adaptive Virtual Model Control" (AVMC). The adaptation compensates for external disturbances and unmodelled dynamics, enhancing robustness in the control of height, pitch, and forward speed. The state machine used to modulate the virtual model components and to select the appropriate virtual to physical transformations (as in traditional VMC) is also used to inform the adaptation about the robot's changing configuration. The design procedure for AVMC is described in this paper and simulation results are presented for a planar walking biped.
BRITTLE-DUCTILE TRANSITION AND SCALE DEPENDENCE: FRACTAL DIMENSION OF FRACTURE SURFACE OF MATERIALS
Authors: IKESHOJI TOSHITAKA , SHIOYA TADASHI 
Published: April 2003

The fractal dimension of fracture surfaces obtained within brittle-ductile transition regime is evaluated at various observation scales. Fracture surfaces are generated by the tensile fracture test. The brittle-ductile transition is accomplished by using the round-notched bar specimens with various notch radii, which cause the variation in stress triaxiality. The specimens are manufactured from mild steel, steel and cast-iron bar. The fracture model is identified according to the observation through scanning electron micrographs. The fractal dimension for ductile fracture surfaces is almost constant despite variations in observing scale and changes in stress triaxiality. Meanwhile, the fractal dimension on brittle fracture surfaces shows the different values for macroscopic and microscopic observing scales. This transition-like scale dependence of fractal dimension for brittle fracture surfaces is considered to reflect such a characteristic of the fracture i.e. its specific length in microscopic fracture mechanism. The existence of transition in fractal dimension with observing scale is considered to be an index, used to distinguish the ductile fracture surface from the brittle fracture one.