bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescence and the diet‐dieting disparity: Healthy food choice or risky health behaviour?
Authors: Lattimore Paul J. , Halford Jason C. G. 
Published: October 2003

Objectives: Food choice in schoolchildren was examined in relation to dieting and measures of eating psychopathology. It was predicted that dieters would make healthier food choices compared to non‐dieters and that measures of eating psychopathology would be associated with food choice.Design: A cross‐sectional questionnaire design incorporating an established adapted recall method was used to assess patterns of food consumption.Methods: Questionnaires were administered in 13 state secondary schools. Measures included a food frequency questionnaire, the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (CHEAT), body satisfaction ratings, dietary restraint, and questions about dieting status. The sample consisted of 574 females and 445 males aged 11‐16 years.Results: Females made significantly more healthy food choices compared to males. Females reported dieting more than males (35% vs. 18%, respectively), and female dieters made more healthy food choices than female non‐dieters. Almost a fifth (19%) of the entire sample reported skipping breakfast, with female dieters being three times more likely to do so than non‐dieters. There were small but significant associations between reported food consumption and measures of eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction and restraint. For females who scored in the at‐risk range on the CHEAT (8.7%), these associations were more substantial.Conclusions: Female dieters appear to make more healthy food choices than non‐dieters and so may be tuning into healthy eating messages more effectively. Vulnerable females may use ‘healthy eating’ to hide risky weight reduction behaviours. Further studies are required to examine the nutritional impact of moderate and extreme dieting in this age group.
Self‐management training for people with chronic disease: An exploratory study
Authors: Wright C. C. , Barlow J. H. , Turner A. P. , Bancroft G. V. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a community‐based Chronic Disease Self‐management Course (CDC) for UK participants with a range of chronic diseases.Design: The study was a multiple baseline, pre‐test post test design with a sample of 185 participants who attended a CDC delivered in community settings by lay tutors, in the UK.Method: Data were collected by self‐completed questionnaires before attendance and at four‐month follow‐up.Results: The sample comprised 72% women (mean age = 53 years, mean disease duration = 16 years). The main chronic diseases included endometriosis, depression, diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis, osteoporosis and polio. Adjusting for baseline values and gender, small to moderate increases were found on cognitive symptom management, self‐efficacy (disease and symptoms) and communication with physician. A similar sized decrease was found on fatigue, and small decreases were evident on anxious and depressed moods, and health distress. There were no changes in the use of health care resources, or on self‐reported exercise behaviour.Conclusion: The results of this exploratory study suggest that self‐management training for people with chronic diseases can offer benefits in terms of enhanced self‐efficacy, greater use of cognitive behavioural techniques, and improvement in some aspects of physical and psychological well‐being.
Exercise behaviour change in 40 to 65‐year‐old women: The SWEAT Study (Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial)
Authors: Cox K. L. , Gorely T. J. , Puddey I. B. , Burke V. , Beilin L. J. 
Published: October 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between self‐reported psychological processes and changes in exercise behaviour in an 18‐month longitudinal stage‐based intervention trial in 115 initially sedentary women aged 40‐65 years.Design: A two‐way factorial design was used.Methods: Participants were assigned randomly to either moderate or vigorous and either home or centre‐based exercise. After six months, all participants exercised at home. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, six, 12 and 18 months which assessed stage of exercise behaviour, self‐efficacy, decisional balance and processes of change.Results: 28 patterns of stage change were identified across the 18 months with 6.1% remaining sedentary and 45% demonstrating linear movement from contemplation to action to maintenance to continued maintenance. Two interpretable clusters were identified within both the contemplation (at baseline) and action (at six months) stages. Cluster membership, however, did not influence behaviour change. For participants demonstrating a linear pattern of change, self‐efficacy for overcoming barriers and behavioural processes increased from contemplation to action. Self‐efficacy for exercise competence increased from contemplation to action but was more pronounced for the vigorous exercise groups. Decisional balance showed a three‐way interaction and there was no change for experimental processes. There was no change in any variable from action to maintenance.Conclusions: The intervention was seen to be effective regardless of location or intensity of exercise. The relevance of substages is questionable in stage‐based interventions as women with a profile suggesting less readiness to change or sustain change were just as likely to adopt or maintain exercise.
Four-Year Progression of Myopic Maculopathy in Children and Adolescents With High Myopia
Authors: Jiang Feng , Wang Decai , Xiao Ou , Guo Xinxing , Yin Qiuxia , Luo Lixia , He Mingguang , Li Zhixi 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceIndividuals with high myopia younger than 18 years are at relatively high risk of progressively worsening myopic maculopathy. Additional studies are needed to investigate the progression of myopic maculopathy in this age group, as well as the risk factors associated with progression.ObjectiveTo investigate the 4-year progression of myopic maculopathy in children and adolescents with high myopia, and to explore potential risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis hospital-based observational study with 4-year follow-up included a total of 548 high myopic eyes (spherical power −6.00 or less diopters) of 274 participants aged 7 to 17 years. Participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination at baseline and 4-year follow-up. Myopic maculopathy was accessed by the International Photographic Classification and Grading System. The data analysis was performed from August 1 to 15, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe progression of myopic maculopathy progression over 4 years and associated risk factors.ResultsThe 4-year progression of myopic maculopathy was found in 67 of 548 eyes (12.2%) of 274 participants (138 girls [50.4%] at baseline and 4-year follow-up) with 88 lesion changes, including new signs of the tessellated fundus in 16 eyes (18.2%), diffuse atrophy in 12 eyes (13.6%), patchy atrophy in 2 eyes (2.3%), lacquer cracks in 9 eyes (10.2%), and enlargement of diffuse atrophy in 49 eyes (55.7%). By multivariable analysis, worse best-corrected visual acuity (odds ratio [OR], 6.68; 95% CI, 1.15-38.99; P = .04), longer axial length (AL) (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.34-2.24; P &amp;lt; .001), faster AL elongation (OR, 302.83; 95% CI, 28.61-3205.64; P &amp;lt; .001), and more severe myopic maculopathy (diffuse atrophy; OR, 4.52; 95% CI, 1.98-10.30; P &amp;lt; .001 and patchy atrophy; OR, 3.82; 95% CI, 1.66-8.80; P = .002) were associated with myopic maculopathy progression.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this observational study, the progression of myopic maculopathy was observed in approximately 12% of pediatric high myopes for 4 years. The major type of progression was the enlargement of diffuse atrophy. Risk factors for myopic maculopathy progression were worse best-corrected visual acuity, longer AL, faster AL elongation, and more severe myopic maculopathy. These findings support consideration of follow-up in these individuals and trying to identify those at higher risk for progression.
Extent of Surgery for Medullary Thyroid Cancer and Prevalence of Occult Contralateral Foci
Authors: Mao Yifan V. , Hughes Elena G. , Steinmetz David , Troob Samantha , Kim Jiyoon , Tseng Chi-Hong , Fishbein Gregory A. , Sajed Dipti P. , Livhits Masha J. , Yeh Michael W. , Lee Denise , Angell Trevor E. , Wu James X. 
Published: January 2024

ImportanceStandard treatment for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) consists of total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection, but the rationale for bilateral surgery in patients with unilateral disease on ultrasonography remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of occult contralateral disease (lesions not seen on preoperative ultrasonography) in patients with MTC as a rationale for total thyroidectomy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study was conducted from September 1998 to April 2022 in academic medical centers and included patients with MTC who underwent thyroidectomy with preoperative imaging.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was the prevalence of sonographically occult foci of MTC in the contralateral lobe among patients with sporadic MTC.ResultsThe cohort comprised 176 patients with a median age at diagnosis of 55 years (range, 2-87 years), 69 (57.6%) of whom were female. Genetic testing was performed in 109 patients (61.9%), 48 (27.5%) of whom carried germline RET variants. Initial surgical management consisted of total thyroidectomy (161 [91.0%]), lobectomy followed by completion thyroidectomy (7 [4.0%]), and lobectomy alone (8 [4.5%]). Central and lateral neck dissections were performed as part of initial therapy for 146 patients (83.1%). In the entire cohort of 176 patients, 46 (26.0%) had contralateral foci disease and 9 (5.1%) had occult contralateral foci that were not identified on preoperative ultrasonography. Among 109 patients who underwent genetic testing, 38 (34.9%) had contralateral disease, 8 (7.3%) of whom had occult contralateral disease not seen on preoperative ultrasonography. Patients with sporadic MTC experienced a 95.7% reduction in the odds of having a focus of MTC in the contralateral lobe compared with patients with a germline RET variant (odds ratio, 0.043; 95% CI, 0.013-0.123). When adjusting for age, sex, tumor size, and lymph node involvement, the odds ratio of having contralateral MTC in patients with sporadic disease was 0.034 (95% CI, 0.007-0.116). Among patients who underwent lobectomy alone with postoperative calcitonin levels, 5 of 12 (41.7%) achieved undetectable calcitonin levels (&amp;lt;2.0 pg/mL; to convert to pmol/L, multiply by 0.292).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this cohort study suggest that a staged approach involving initial thyroid lobectomy could be considered in patients with sporadic MTC and no contralateral ultrasonography findings, with no further surgery if calcitonin levels became undetectable. Further work using prospective randomized clinical trials to evaluate lobectomy as a biochemical cure in patients presenting with unilateral disease is warranted.
Profiling research on PFAS in wildlife: Systematic evidence map and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Vendl Catharina , Taylor Matthew D. , Bräunig Jennifer , Ricolfi Lorenzo , Ahmed Radiah , Chin Maegan , Gibson Matthew J. , Hesselson Daniel , Neely G. Gregory , Lagisz Malgorzata , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of synthetic chemicals that have been in use for over 70 years. Their ubiquitous distribution and harmful effects pose a threat to wildlife worldwide. To provide a comprehensive synopsis and show the gaps and gluts of existing research on PFAS exposure in wildlife, we created a systematic map and bibliographic analysis of the literature.

We followed our protocol to conduct a systematic literature search on Scopus, Web of Science and five other databases. In two steps (title/abstract/keywords and full‐text), we screened peer‐reviewed empirical articles, preprints and theses in English that studied the concentration of at least one of 34 PFAS compounds in free‐ranging wildlife or their parts/products. Following the protocol, we extracted data and performed a critical appraisal.

We included 581 publications. From the first and only paper in 2001, there was a linear annual increase to 54 papers in 2021. While PFOS (97% of studies), PFOA (91%) and long‐chain PFAS in general were the most measured, few studies investigated new‐generation PFAS (e.g. GenX and ADONA). Across the studied 1042 species from 26 taxonomic classes, the most frequent were the common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 8%), polar bear (Ursus maritimus, 6%) and European perch (Perca fluviatilis, 5%).

Most sampling took place in the United States (17%), Norway (13%), Canada (12%) and China (10%), which were also the main publishing countries. Polar regions attracted significant research interest from countries all around the globe. Aquatic habitats (marine: 31%, freshwater: 28%) of temperate zones were the most common locations for sample collection.

We encourage researchers to work towards closing the following gaps: investigating new‐generation PFAS, assessing PFAS in mid‐ and low‐income countries and performing more long‐term studies, especially on invertebrates. We note the recent rise in studies on the physiological consequences of PFAS exposure and encourage further work on this crucial topic. Furthermore, we recommend that the statement of potential and actual conflicts of interest, and the provision of raw data and analysis code should be made compulsory by all journals and routinely enforced. This practice will mitigate conflict of interest and ensure reproducibility.
Utilization of Biologic Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and Recently Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Ruiz Juan I. , Lei Xiudong , Wu Chi‐Fang , Zhao Hui , Giordano Sharon H. , Rajan Suja S. , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveBiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are immunosuppressants, and there have been concerns that they might impact tumor immunity in patients with cancer with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to describe the utilization trends of bDMARD in patients with RA after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of adults with RA and BC (2008 onward) from Optum's de‐identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (CDM); the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) Medicare; and the Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) Medicare databases. We evaluated bDMARD utilization trends during the first three years after BC. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association of utilization with patient characteristics.ResultsA total 1,412 patients were identified in CDM and 1,439 patients in SEER/TCR‐Medicare. During the three months before BC diagnosis, 28.2% (CDM) and 26.9% (SEER/TCR‐Medicare) patients had received bDMARDs. Within the first three years after diagnosis, 24.1% (CDM) and 26.4% (SEER/TCR‐Medicare) were receiving bDMARDs. About 70% of the patients in the two cohorts received glucocorticoids with no significant time trend increases. The largest predictor of bDMARD utilization was prior use before BC (CDM: odds ratio [OR] 27.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 19.29–38.19; SEER/TCR: OR 18.98, 95% CI 13.72–26.26). Regional and distant BC compared to in situ or localized were also associated with lower bDMARDs utilization in SEER/TCR‐Medicare (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.36–0.82; OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.13–0.77, respectively).ConclusionThe utilization of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and other bDMARDs in patients with RA and recent BC has not increased since 2008. Glucocorticoids utilization remained high. The largest predictor of bDMARD utilization was prior use before BC.image
Highly Compact Zinc Metal Anode and Wide‐Temperature Aqueous Electrolyte Enabled by Acetamide Additives for Deep Cycling Zn Batteries
Authors: Qiu Kaiyue , Ma Guoqiang , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Mengyu , Zhang Mengyuan , Li Xiaotong , Qu Xinghan , Yuan Wentao , Nie Xueyu , Zhang Ning 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn) batteries are a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage, but the noncompact and dendritic Zn deposition, water‐induced parasitic reaction, and narrow operating temperature range severely hinder their practical application. Here, it is demonstrated that these challenges can be conquered by introducing low‐cost acetamide (Ace) into aqueous electrolytes. The non‐sacrificial Ace molecules with both donor and acceptor groups can disrupt the original H‐bonded network of water, replace the solvating‐H2O in Zn2+‐solvation sheath, form dynamic adsorption on Zn, and create an H2O‐poor electrical double‐layer. Consequently, the presence of Ace suppresses water erosion on Zn, homogenizes Zn nucleation/growth, reduces water reactivity, and depresses the freezing point of electrolyte. The formulated Ace‐containing electrolyte features a wide temperature range from −20 to 60 °C and enables highly compact and dendrite‐free Zn electrodeposition even at 25 mAh cm−2 using a non‐pressure electrolytic cell. Moreover, the Ace‐containing electrolyte allows Zn electrodes to achieve a long‐term lifespan across −20–60 °C and excellent deep cycling stability under 85.3% depth‐of‐discharge (25 mAh cm−2) with over 400 h, and supports the stable operation of Zn–Iodine full batteries under harsh conditions.
Super‐Wide Temperature Lasers Spanning from −180 to 240 °C Based on Fully‐Polymerized Blue Phase Superstructures
Authors: Chen Yujie , Zheng Chenglin , Yang Wenjie , Li Jing , Jin Feng , Shi Lei , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBlue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) lasers have potential applications in displays, sensors, and anti‐counterfeiting fields owing to their outstanding optical properties. However, there remain challenges on lasing below 0 °C, which significantly limits the potential application of BPLC lasers in low‐temperature environments. In this work, BPLC lasing below 0 °C is realized for the first time in a super‐wide temperature range of −180–240 °C using a well‐designed fully‐polymerized BPLC system with a narrow line width of 0.0881 nm and a low lasing threshold of 37 nJ pulse−1. This fully‐polymerized BPLC both effectively avoids low‐temperature random crystallization and has excellent compatibility with dye molecules that significantly widen the lasing temperature range below 0 °C. Besides, the variations of laser peak and threshold are also revealed below 0 °C, that is, redshifted laser wavelength and increased threshold value with decreasing temperature, which contribute to a blue‐shifted laser signal and a U‐shaped lasing threshold in −180–240 °C. These unique laser behaviors can be ascribed to the temperature‐dependent anisotropically microstructural deformation of the BP lattice. This work not only opens a door to the development of low‐temperature BPLC lasers but also sets out important insights in the design of novel organic optical devices.
Atomic Diffusion Engineered PtSnCu Nanoframes with High‐Index Facets Boost Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Tang Min , Sun Mingzi , Chen Wen , Ding Yutian , Fan Xiaokun , Wu Xiaoyu , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Huang Bolong , Luo Shuiping , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: January 2024

AbstractElectrochemical ethanol oxidation is crucial to directly convert a biorenewable liquid fuel with high energy density into electrical energy, but it remains an inefficient reaction even with the best catalysts. To boost ethanol oxidation, developing multimetallic nanoalloy has emerged as one of the most effective strategies, yet faces a challenge in the rational engineering of multimetallic active‐site ensembles at atomic‐level. Herein, starting from typical PtCu nanocrystals, an atomic Sn diffusion strategy is developed to construct well‐defined Pt47Sn12Cu41 octopod nanoframes, which is enclosed by high‐index facets of n (111)‐(111), such as {331} and {221}. Pt47Sn12Cu41 achieves a high mass activity of 3.10 A mg−1Pt and promotes the C‐C bond breaking and oxidation of poisonous CO intermediate, representing a state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalyst toward ethanol oxidation in acidic electrolyte. Density functional theory （DFT） calculations have confirmed that the introduction of Sn improves the electroactivity by uplifting the d‐band center through the s‐p‐d coupling. Meanwhile, the strong binding of ethanol and the reduced energy barrier of CO oxidation guarantee a highly efficient ethanol oxidation process with improved Faradic efficiency of C1 products. This work offers a promising strategy for constructing novel multimetallic nanoalloys tailored by atomic metal sites as the efficient electrocatalysts.
Selective Electrocatalytic Conversion of Nitric Oxide to High Value‐Added Chemicals
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Lu Xue Feng , Luan Deyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe artificial disturbance in the nitrogen cycle has necessitated an urgent need for nitric oxide (NO) removal. Electrochemical technologies for NO conversion have gained increasing attention in recent years. This comprehensive review presents the recent advancements in selective electrocatalytic conversion of NO to high value‐added chemicals, with specific emphasis on catalyst design, electrolyte composition, mass diffusion, and adsorption energies of key intermediate species. Furthermore, the review explores the synergistic electrochemical co‐electrolysis of NO with specific carbon source molecules, enabling the synthesis of a range of valuable chemicals with C─N bonds. It also provides in‐depth insights into the intricate reaction pathways and underlying mechanisms, offering valuable perspectives on the challenges and prospects of selective NO electrolysis. By advancing comprehension and fostering awareness of nitrogen cycle balance, this review contributes to the development of efficient and sustainable electrocatalytic systems for the selective synthesis of valuable chemicals from NO.
Colloidal Chiral Carbon Dots: An Emerging System for Chiroptical Applications
Authors: Zhao Yuwan , Xie Juan , Tian Yongzhi , Mourdikoudis Stefanos , Fiuza‐Maneiro Nadesh , Du Yanli , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Zheng Guangchao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChiral CDots (c‐CDots) not only inherit those merits from CDots but also exhibit chiral effects in optical, electric, and bio‐properties. Therefore, c‐CDots have received significant interest from a wide range of research communities including chemistry, physics, biology, and device engineers. They have already made decent progress in terms of synthesis, together with the exploration of their optical properties and applications. In this review, the chiroptical properties and chirality origin in extinction circular dichroism (ECD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of c‐CDots is briefly discussed. Then, the synthetic strategies of c‐CDots is summarized, including one‐pot synthesis, post‐functionalization of CDots with chiral ligands, and assembly of CDots into chiral architectures with soft chiral templates. Afterward, the chiral effects on the applications of c‐CDots are elaborated. Research domains such as drug delivery, bio‐ or chemical sensing, regulation of enzyme‐like catalysis, and others are covered. Finally, the perspective on the challenges associated with the synthetic strategies, understanding the origin of chirality, and potential applications is provided. This review not only discusses the latest developments of c‐CDots but also helps toward a better understanding of the structure‐property relationship along with their respective applications.