bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variations and Spatial Patterns of Arctic Cloud Changes in Association with Sea Ice Loss during 1950–2019 in ERA5
Authors: Jenkins Matthew T. , Dai Aiguo , Deser Clara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms that link retreating sea ice to increased Arctic cloud amount and cloud water content are unclear. Using the fifth generation of the ECMWF Reanalysis (ERA5), the long-term changes between years 1950–79 and 1990–2019 in Arctic clouds are estimated along with their relationship to sea ice loss. A comparison of ERA5 to CERES satellite cloud fractions reveals that ERA5 simulates the seasonal cycle, variations, and changes of cloud fraction well over water surfaces during 2001–20. This suggests that ERA5 may reliably represent the cloud response to sea ice loss because melting sea ice exposes more water surfaces in the Arctic. Increases in ERA5 Arctic cloud fraction and water content are largest during October–March from ∼950 to 700 hPa over areas with significant (≥15%) sea ice loss. Further, regions with significant sea ice loss experience higher convective available potential energy (∼2–2.75 J kg−1), planetary boundary layer height (∼120–200 m), and near-surface specific humidity (∼0.25–0.40 g kg−1) and a greater reduction of the lower-tropospheric temperature inversion (∼3°–4°C) than regions with small (<15%) sea ice loss in autumn and winter. Areas with significant sea ice loss also show strengthened upward motion between 1000 and 700 hPa, enhanced horizontal convergence (divergence) of air, and decreased (increased) relative humidity from 1000 to 950 hPa (950–700 hPa) during the cold season. Analyses of moisture divergence, evaporation minus precipitation, and meridional moisture flux fields suggest that increased local surface water fluxes, rather than atmospheric motions, provide a key source of moisture for increased Arctic clouds over newly exposed water surfaces during October–March.

Significance Statement
Sea ice loss has been shown to be a primary contributor to Arctic warming. Despite the evidence linking large sea ice retreat to Arctic warming, some studies have suggested that enhanced downwelling longwave radiation associated with increased clouds and water vapor is the primary reason for Arctic amplification. However, it is unclear how sea ice loss is linked to changes in clouds and water vapor in the Arctic. Here, we investigate the relationship between Arctic sea ice loss and changes in clouds using the ERA5 dataset. Improved knowledge of the relationship between Arctic sea ice loss and changes in clouds will help further our understanding of the role of the cloud feedback in Arctic warming.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Near-Surface Turbulent Cascade at the Submesoscale in the Drake Passage
Authors: Tedesco P. F. , Baker L. E. , Naveira Garabato A. C. , Mazloff M. R. , Gille S. T. , Caulfield C. P. , Mashayek A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Submesoscale currents and internal gravity waves achieve an intense turbulent cascade near the ocean surface [depth of 0–O(100) m], which is thought to give rise to significant energy sources and sinks for mesoscale eddies. Here, we characterize the contributions of nonwave currents (NWCs; including eddies and fronts) and internal gravity waves (IGWs; including near-inertial motions, lee waves, and the internal wave continuum) to near-surface submesoscale turbulence in the Drake Passage. Using a numerical simulation, we combine Lagrangian filtering and a Helmholtz decomposition to identify NWCs and IGWs and to characterize their dynamics (rotational versus divergent). We show that NWCs and IGWs contribute in different proportions to the inverse and forward turbulent kinetic energy cascades, based on their dynamics and spatiotemporal scales. Purely rotational NWCs cause most of the inverse cascade, while coupled rotational–divergent components of NWCs and coupled NWC–IGWs cause the forward cascade. The cascade changes direction at a spatial scale at which motions become increasingly divergent. However, the forward cascade is ultimately limited by the motions’ spatiotemporal scales. The bulk of the forward cascade (80%–95%) is caused by NWCs and IGWs of small spatiotemporal scales (L < 10 km; T < 6 h), which are primarily rotational: submesoscale eddies, fronts, and the internal wave continuum. These motions also cause a significant part of the inverse cascade (30%). Our results highlight the requirement for high spatiotemporal resolutions to diagnose the properties and large-scale impacts of near-surface submesoscale turbulence accurately, with significant implications for ocean energy cycle study strategies.
The Potential Roles of Preexisting Airmass Boundaries on a Tornadic Supercell Observed by TORUS on 28 May 2019
Authors: Axon Kristen L. , Houston Adam L. , Ziegler Conrad L. , Weiss Christopher C. , Rasmussen Erik N. , Coniglio Michael C. , Argrow Brian , Frew Eric , Swenson Sara , Reinhart Anthony E. , Wilson Matthew B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On 28 May 2019, a tornadic supercell, observed as part of Targeted Observation by UAS and Radars of Supercells (TORUS) produced an EF-2 tornado near Tipton, Kansas. The supercell was observed to interact with multiple preexisting airmass boundaries. These boundaries and attendant air masses were examined using unoccupied aircraft system (UAS), mobile mesonets, radiosondes, and dual-Doppler analyses derived from TORUS mobile radars. The cool-side air mass of one of these boundaries was found to have higher equivalent potential temperature and backed winds relative to the warm-side air mass; features associated with mesoscale air masses with high theta-e (MAHTEs). It is hypothesized that these characteristics may have facilitated tornadogenesis. The two additional boundaries were produced by a nearby supercell and appeared to weaken the tornadic supercell. This work represents the first time that UAS have been used to examine the impact of preexisting airmass boundaries on a supercell, and it provides insights into the influence environmental heterogeneities can have on the evolution of a supercell.
A Case Study Investigating the Low Summertime CAPE Behavior in the Global Forecast System
Authors: Sun Xia , Heinzeller Dominikus , Bernardet Ligia , Pan Linlin , Li Weiwei , Turner David , Brown John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is an important index for storm forecasting. Recent versions (v15.2 and v16) of the Global Forecast System (GFS) predict lower values of CAPE during summertime in the continental United States than analysis and observation. We conducted an evaluation of the GFS in simulating summertime CAPE using an example from the Unified Forecast System Case Study collection to investigate the factors that lead to the low CAPE bias in GFS. Specifically, we investigated the surface energy budget, soil properties, and near-surface and upper-level meteorological fields. Results show that the GFS simulates smaller surface latent heat flux and larger surface sensible heat flux than the observations. This can be attributed to the slightly drier-than-observed soil moisture in the GFS that comes from an offline global land data assimilation system. The lower simulated CAPE in GFS v16 is related to the early drop of surface net radiation with excessive boundary layer cloud after midday when compared with GFS v15.2. A moisture-budget analysis indicates that errors in the large-scale advection of water vapor does not contribute to the dry bias in the GFS at low levels. Common Community Physics Package single-column model (SCM) experiments suggest that with realistic initial vertical profiles, SCM simulations generate a larger CAPE than runs with GFS IC. SCM runs with an active LSM tend to produce smaller CAPE than that with prescribed surface fluxes. Note that the findings are only applicable to this case study. Including more warm-season cases would enhance the generalizability of our findings.

Significance Statement
Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is one of the key parameters for severe weather analysis. The low bias of CAPE is identified by forecasters as one of the key issues for the NOAA operational global numerical weather prediction model, Global Forecast System (GFS). Our case study shows that the lower CAPE in GFS is related to the drier atmosphere than observed within the lowest 1 km. Further investigations suggest that it is related to the drier atmosphere that already exists in the initial conditions, which are produced by the Global Data Assimilation System, in which an earlier 6-h GFS forecast is combined with current observations. It is also attributed to the slightly lower simulated soil moisture than observed. The lower CAPE in GFS v16 when compared with GFS v15.2 in the case analyzed here is related to excessive boundary layer cloud formation beginning at midday that leads to a drop of net radiation reaching the surface and thus less latent heat feeding back to the low-level atmosphere.
Comparison of one-year outcomes and quality of life between endovenous microwave ablation and high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein
Authors: Huang Wei , Zeng Wei , Lin Xue-qing , Zhang Li-Feng , Wei Hai-jun , He Chun-shui 
Published: November 2023

Introduction The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) and high ligation and strippingn (HLS) of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in the treatment of varicose veins. Methods We included 182 patients in each EMA and HLS groups. Follow-up outcomes included AVVQ, VCSS, chronic venous insufficiency questionnaire-14 (CIVIQ14) score, clinical recurrence rate of varicose vein treatment, and patient satisfaction during the 1-year follow-up period. Results At the 1-year follow-up, no significant difference was found in the clinical recurrence rate of varicose veins between the EMA and HLS groups ( p = .75). The duration of the operation and the length of hospital stay for patients in the EMA group was shorter than that for the HLS group ( p < .01). The Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) score, and ecchymosis were lower for patients who underwent EMA surgery ( p < .01). Conclusion Our research results confirm that EMA improves patients’ quality of life with lower limb varicose veins, with EMA showing higher patient satisfaction.
Trajectory generation and tracking control for aggressive tail-sitter flights
Authors: Lu Guozheng , Cai Yixi , Chen Nan , Kong Fanze , Ren Yunfan , Zhang Fu 
Published: November 2023

We address the theoretical and practical problems related to the trajectory generation and tracking control of tail-sitter UAVs. Theoretically, we focus on the differential flatness property with full exploitation of actual UAV aerodynamic models, which lays a foundation for generating dynamically feasible trajectory and achieving high-performance tracking control. We have found that a tail-sitter is differentially flat with accurate (not simplified) aerodynamic models within the entire flight envelope, by specifying coordinate flight condition and choosing the vehicle position as the flat output. This fundamental property allows us to fully exploit the high-fidelity aerodynamic models in the trajectory planning and tracking control to achieve accurate tail-sitter flights. Particularly, an optimization-based trajectory planner for tail-sitters is proposed to design high-quality, smooth trajectories with consideration of kinodynamic constraints, singularity-free constraints, and actuator saturation. The planned trajectory of flat output is transformed into state trajectory in real time with optional consideration of wind in environments. To track the state trajectory, a global, singularity-free, and minimally parameterized on-manifold MPC is developed, which fully leverages the accurate aerodynamic model to achieve high-accuracy trajectory tracking within the whole flight envelope. The proposed algorithms are implemented on our quadrotor tail-sitter prototype, “Hong Hu,” and their effectiveness are demonstrated through extensive real-world experiments in both indoor and outdoor field tests, including agile SE(3) flight through consecutive narrow windows requiring specific attitude and with speed up to 10 m/s, typical tail-sitter maneuvers (transition, level flight, and loiter) with speed up to 20 m/s, and extremely aggressive aerobatic maneuvers (Wingover, Loop, Vertical Eight, and Cuban Eight) with acceleration up to 2.5 g. The video demonstration is available at https://youtu.be/2x_bLbVuyrk .
The impact of a competitor’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy on firm risk-taking
Authors: Choi Yohan , Barden Jeffrey , Arthurs Jonathan , Cho Sam Yul 
Published: November 2023

Using a difference-in-differences method, this study examines the effect of a competitor’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy on a firm’s risk-taking. The contingent nature of a competitor’s Chapter 11 bankruptcy, which protects the competitor from creditors’ demands during financial reorganization, may increase uncertainty in the industry. Consequently, the study tests the hypothesis that other firms in the industry respond to a competitor’s bankruptcy by decreasing risky investments in research and development (R&D), capital expenditures and acquisitions. To validate and extend this hypothesis, the study also hypothesizes that a firm’s strong financial standing—low leverage and good performance—and the firm’s diversification reduce the negative effect of the competitor’s bankruptcy on firm risk-taking. Findings from a study of US public firms suggest that, after controlling for industry conditions, firms indeed reduce their risk-taking when a competitor declares bankruptcy and that lower firm leverage, stronger firm performance, and greater firm diversification mitigate this effect. Together, these findings shed light on the literatures on bankruptcy and firm risk-taking. JEL Classification: L22, M10, D81, D25
Unveiling the Influencers: An Exploration of Factors Determining Advance Directive Completion Among Community-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Young Yuchi , Perre Taylor , Shayya Ashley , Barnes Virgile , O’Grady Thomas 
Published: November 2023

Introduction Advance directives (AdvDirs) align end-of-life care with personal values, averting unnecessary treatments. This study explores factors influencing AdvDir completion. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with community-dwelling adults (n = 166) age range 18-93, using a survey to gather sociodemographics, beliefs, and AdvDir experiences. Multivariate logistic regression quantifies associations between selected covariates and AdvDir completion. Results We found that 36% of respondents had completed AdvDirs. The majority were comfortable discussing death (77%) and end-of-life care (84%) and recognized the importance of AdvDirs (79%). Age, education level, self-perceived health status, exposure to end-of-life planning, and the preference to limit treatment in potential future Alzheimer’s scenarios significantly influenced AdvDir completion. Conclusion In conclusion, the study highlights: (1) The need for age-specific, personalized AdvDir education initiatives, and (2) The necessity of intensified AdvDir awareness efforts, particularly for individuals favoring unlimited treatment in Alzheimer’s or dementia scenarios.
La Valentine disease: An outbreak of exanthematic typhus in Marseille, France, in 1810
Authors: Gautret Philippe 
Published: November 2023

Background: Exanthematic typhus was highly frequent in the early 19th century among military troops and prisoners and at hospitals. Methods: Based on old reports, we describe an outbreak in a village, in Southern France, in 1810. Results: Twenty-eight cases were identified, over a period of 10 days following the death of the index case, in a soldier. Symptoms included notably persistent constant fever, myalgia and headaches, gastro-intestinal symptoms, prostration and stupor. Three patients suffered delirium and nine died (31.0%). Overall, symptoms persisted for 13–14 days. A total of 16 cases were secondary to contacts with the index case, and 10 cases were in house-hold contacts of secondary cases. Five familial clusters were described. Conclusion: This data suggest that exanthematic typhus outbreaks among civilian populations also occurred outside the context of hospitals, in link with introduction of the disease by prisoners or soldiers.
Prognostic value of recanalization attempts in endovascular therapy for M2 segment middle cerebral artery occlusions
Authors: Winkelmeier Laurens , Heitkamp Christian , Faizy Tobias D , Broocks Gabriel , Kniep Helge , Meyer Lukas , Bester Maxim , Brekenfeld Caspar , Schell Maximilian , Hanning Uta , Thomalla Götz , Fiehler Jens , Flottmann Fabian 
Published: November 2023

Background: There is growing evidence suggesting efficacy of endovascular therapy for M2 occlusions of the middle cerebral artery. More than one recanalization attempt is often required to achieve successful reperfusion in M2 occlusions, associated with general concerns about the safety of multiple maneuvers in these medium vessel occlusions. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the number of recanalization attempts and functional outcomes in M2 occlusions in comparison with large vessel occlusions (LVO). Methods: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients who underwent endovascular therapy for primary M2 occlusions. Patients were enrolled in the German Stroke Registry at 1 of 25 comprehensive stroke centers between 2015 and 2021. The study cohort was subdivided into patients with unsuccessful reperfusion (mTICI 0–2a) and successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b–3) at first, second, third, fourth, or ⩾fifth recanalization attempt. Primary outcome was 90-day functional independence defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2. Safety outcome was the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Internal carotid artery or M1 occlusions were defined as LVO and served as comparison group. Results: A total of 1078 patients with M2 occlusion were included. Successful reperfusion was observed in 87.1% and 90-day functional independence in 51.9%. The rate of functional independence decreased gradually with increasing number of recanalization attempts ( p < 0.001). In both M2 occlusions and LVO, successful reperfusion within three attempts was associated with greater odds of functional independence, while success at ⩾fourth attempt was not. Patients with ⩾4 attempts exhibited higher rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in M2 occlusions (6.5% vs 2.7%, p = 0.02) and LVO (7.2% vs 3.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests a clinical benefit of successful reperfusion within three recanalization attempts in endovascular therapy for M2 occlusions, which was similar in LVO. Our findings reduce concerns about the risk–benefit ratio of multiple attempts in M2 medium vessel occlusions. Data access statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on reasonable request after approval of the German Stroke Registry (GSR) steering committee. Clinical Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03356392
Association between hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and risk of pancreatic cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Zhao Jian-Feng , Teng Qiu-Ping , Lv Yang , Li Xiao-Yi , Ding Yi 
Published: November 2023

Background and aim: With conflicting data from previous observational studies on the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and pancreatic cancer (PC), we decided to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to evaluate any potential association. Design: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted a search of three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) from the time of their creation up to June 2023. The summary results, including hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), were pooled using a generic inverse variance method and a random-effects model. Furthermore, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: In this meta-analysis, 22 cohort studies with a total of 10,572,865 participants were analyzed. Meta-analysis from 15 cohort studies revealed that HBV infection was correlated with an increased risk of PC (HR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.40–1.68, p < 0.00001) with no heterogeneity ( I2 = 0%, p = 0.49). Meta-analysis from 14 cohort studies showed that HCV infection was associated with an increased risk of PC (HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.51–2.21, p < 0.00001). Most of our subgroup analyses yielded similar results. Meta-analysis from four cohort studies indicated that co-infection with HBV and HCV was linked to an increased risk of PC (HR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.40–3.85, p = 0.001) with no heterogeneity observed ( I2 = 0%, p = 0.60). The results of sensitivity analyses were robust. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that HBV/HCV infection or co-infection with HBV and HCV was associated with an increased risk of PC. Future prospective cohort studies need to take into account various ethnicities and any confounding factors, as well as investigate the potential mechanisms of PC development in those with HBV/HCV. Trial registration: Open Science Framework registries (No: osf.io/n64ua).
LIME-based ensemble machine for predicting performance status of patients with liver cancer
Authors: Nguyen Hung Viet , Byeon Haewon 
Published: November 2023

Objective The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) is a widely recognized measure used to assess the functional abilities of cancer patients and predict their prognosis. It plays a crucial role in guiding treatment decisions made by physicians. This study aimed to build a stacking ensemble-based prognosis predictor model for predicting the ECOG PS of a liver cancer patient undergoing treatment. Methods We used Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) as the meta-model, and five base models, including Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees (ET), AdaBoost (Ada), Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). After preprocessing the data and applying feature selection method, the stacking ensemble model was trained using 1622 liver cancer patients’ data and 46 variables. We also integrated the stacking ensemble model with a LIME-based explainable model to obtain model prediction explainability. Results According to the research, the best combination of the stacking ensemble model is ET + XGBoost + RF + GBM + Ada + LightGBM and achieved a ROC AUC of 0.9826 on the training set and 0.9675 on the test set. Conclusions This explainable stacking ensemble model can become a helpful tool for objectively predicting ECOG PS in liver cancer patients and aiding healthcare practitioners to adapt their treatment approach more effectively.