bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theory of the Lamellar Superstructure of an ABC 3‐Miktoarm Star‐Terpolymer
Authors: Birshtein Tatiana M. , Polotsky Alexey A. , Abetz Volker 
Published: July 2004

AbstractSummary: The theory of lamellar superstructures of an ABC 3‐miktoarm star terpolymer in the conditions corresponding to the strong segregation limit for linear ABC triblock terpolymer has been developed. According to the particular molecular topology (namely, the common junction point for all three blocks), the system cannot avoid volume interactions between monomers of different blocks even in this limit. Hence, in the lamellar superstructure, there exists the so‐called “mixed” domain containing monomers of all three blocks but formed mainly of the block with the lowest degree of incompatibility. It is shown that unfavorable volume interactions in this domain are minimized by the increase of the interfacial area per ABC molecule which makes the mixed domain narrow. This leads to an unusual behavior of the period of the superstructure which decreases with an increase in the length of the block with the lowest incompatibility. However, in the case of a “synchronous” increase in the size of the branches of the ABC 3‐miktoarm star terpolymer, the period of the superstructure increases similarly to that for a linear ABC triblock terpolymer.ABC 3‐miktoarm star terpolymer.imageABC 3‐miktoarm star terpolymer.
Characteristics of a packaged laser‐diode module without band‐stop resonance
Authors: Han Jae‐Ho , Lhee Zail , Park Seung‐Bae , Ryu Gihan 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCircuit parameters for an equivalent circuit model of a laser diode were extracted with an impedance analyzer. Impedance matching can be achieved by eliminating inductive components of the leads in the package by using lumped chip capacitors, whereas it shows resonance dip in the low‐frequency band. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 347–349, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20300
Low‐profile broadband printed VHF monopole antenna for vehicular applications
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Liu Yung‐Tao , Wong Kin‐Lu , Tang Chia‐Lun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel low‐profile broadband printed monopole antenna suitable for VHF operations on vehicles is presented. The proposed monopole antenna is printed on a flexible printed circuit board and then folded onto a cylindrical foam base. A constructed prototype suitable for operation in the 200‐MHz band is demonstrated. The prototype has a low profile of about 11 cm only (about 7% of the wavelength at 200 MHz) and shows a wide bandwidth (2.5:1 VSWR) of larger than 20%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 349–350, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20301
Reconstruction of homogeneous dielectric cylinders by a supervised learning system and space‐stepped GPR electromagnetic data
Authors: Caorsi Salvatore , Cevini Gaia 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of reconstructing homogeneous cylinders buried in a known soil, starting from the electromagnetic data collected by a subsurface radar moving on the soil surface. The proposed approach makes use of neural networks to process some data extracted from the electromagnetic time responses of the subsoil. Some numerical results are given concerning a single cylinder of circular shape. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 353–357, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20303
Compact integrated combline band‐pass filter with interdigital capacitive loads using LTCC technology
Authors: Lim Ohk‐Kun , Kim Yong‐Jun 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA compact embedded tapped‐line combline filter with interdigital capacitors using low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) technology for wireless application is proposed. The interdigital‐type capacitors have been loaded to reduce the geometrical length while extending the electrical length. The fabricated filter has a relatively small size, 2.7 × 2.03 mm, and good characteristics at the 5‐GHz range. Its small size and relatively simple structure make it a good candidate as an integrated filter for various LTCC substrates. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 377–379, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20309
Miniaturized ring coupler using multiple open stubs
Authors: Chuang Ming‐Lin , Wu Ming‐Tien 
Published: July 2004

AbstractTwo simple and successful methods for miniaturizing ring couplers are proposed. There is no need of any lumped element, via hole, or wire bond; only microstrip lines are needed. The reduced size is arbitrary and the results of the miniaturized ring coupler coincide with that of the traditional ring coupler. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 379–383, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20310
Stop‐band and band‐pass characteristics in coplanar waveguides coupled to spiral resonators
Authors: Falcone F. , Martín F. , Bonache J. , Laso M. A. G. , García‐García J. , Baena J. D. , Marqués R. , Sorolla M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractCoplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines periodically coupled to spiral resonators (SRs) are proposed to obtain very compact band‐pass or rejection‐band structures. The devices consist of a CPW with SRs etched on the back substrate side, underneath the slots. Due to inductive coupling between the line and the spirals, signal propagation is inhibited in the vicinity of the resonant frequency, resulting in a stop‐band structure. However, by periodically loading the line with narrow wires, this behavior is switched to a band‐pass characteristic. This has been interpreted as being due to the coexistence of a negative effective permittivity and permeability in a narrow band above resonance for the composite structure. Since the dimensions of the spirals are very small in comparison to the signal wavelength at resonance, these devices are very compact and can be of interest in applications where miniaturization is mandatory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 386–388, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20312
Microstripline fed dual‐frequency dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Sung Y. , Ahn C. S. , Kim Y.‐S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a dielectric resonator antenna for dual‐frequency operation is proposed. The proposed antenna is excited by dual 50Ω microstriplines and printed in a single metal layer, and therefore is easily constructed. In this design, the operating frequency is mainly controlled by the offset in the position. The return loss, radiation patterns, and antenna gain are measured and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 388–390, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20313
Conductor‐loss reduction for high‐frequency transmission lines based on the magnetorheological‐fluid polishing method
Authors: Lee Sang‐No , Lee Joon‐Ik , Kim Wook‐Bae , Yook Jong‐Gwan , Kim Yong‐Jun , Lee Sang‐Jo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, a novel polishing method using magnetorheological (MR) fluid is presented in order to improve conductor‐surface roughness and achieve high‐frequency performance of the electroplated three‐dimensional (3D) CPW, where the MR fluid is utilized to efficiently polish uneven and imperfect conductor surfaces resulting from the widely used MEMS process. For the purpose of comparison, two 50Ω CPW lines on glass substrate are fabricated in order to validate the performance of the proposed polishing scheme. From the measurement, the polished CPW lines using the MR fluid show much lower attenuation constants up to a maximum of 0.3–0.54 dB/cm than unpolished CPW lines, according to the geometries used. Thus, it is clear that the proposed MR fluid‐based polishing scheme is very effective when used to smooth 3D high‐frequency structures and can dramatically improve conductor‐loss characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 405–407, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20318
Improvement of the extinction ratio of a Mach Zehnder interferometer filter
Authors: Huang Yonglin , Dong Xingfa , Li Jie , Dong Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA novel structure of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter is proposed and demonstrated. The interferometer is structured by adding an optical isolator to the two outputs of the conventional Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The characteristic of the transmission spectrum is studied theoretically and experimentally. The extinction ratio of the novel interferometer filter is improved greatly in comparison with that of a conventional Mach–Zehnder interferometer filter with the same parameters. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 420–422, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20323
Application of multilayer perceptron networks to laser diode nonlinearity determination for radio‐over‐fibre mobile communications
Authors: Develi Ibrahim 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach based on multilayer perceptron networks to determine the 3rd‐order intermodulation distortion levels in microwave‐intensity‐modulated GaAIAs laser diodes. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to train the network. The results obtained from the network are in excellent agreement with the experimental results reported elsewhere. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 425–427, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20325
Effects of boundary conditions and partial drainage on cyclic simple shear test results—a numerical study
Authors: Wang Bin , Popescu Radu , Prevost Jean H. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractOwing to imperfect boundary conditions in laboratory soil tests and the possibility of water diffusion inside the soil specimen in undrained tests, the assumption of uniform stress/strain over the sample is not valid. This study presents a qualitative assessment of the effects of non‐uniformities in stresses and strains, as well as effects of water diffusion within the soil sample on the global results of undrained cyclic simple shear tests. The possible implications of those phenomena on the results of liquefaction strength assessment are also discussed. A state‐of‐the‐art finite element code for transient analysis of multi‐phase systems is used to compare results of the so‐called ‘element tests’ (numerical constitutive experiments assuming uniform stress/strain/pore pressure distribution throughout the sample) with results of actual simulations of undrained cyclic simple shear tests using a finite element mesh and realistic boundary conditions. The finite element simulations are performed under various conditions, covering the entire range of practical situations: (1) perfectly drained soil specimen with constant volume, (2) perfectly undrained specimen, and (3) undrained test with possibility of water diffusion within the sample. The results presented here are restricted to strain‐driven tests performed for a loose uniform fine sand with relative densityDr=40%. Effects of system compliance in undrained laboratory simple shear tests are not investigated here. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The (s, Q) inventory model with Erlang lead time and deterministic demand
Authors: Kim Jeon G. , Sun Daewon , He Xin James , Hayya Jack C. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe develop a simple, approximately optimal solution to a model with Erlang lead time and deterministic demand. The method is robust to misspecification of the lead time and has good accuracy. We compare our approximate solution to the optimal for the case where we have prior information on the lead‐time distribution, and another where we have no information, except for computer‐generated sample data. It turns out that our solution is as easy as the EOQ's, with an accuracy rate of 99.41% when prior information on the lead‐time distribution is available and 97.54–99.09% when only computer‐generated sample information is available. Apart from supplying the inventory practitioner with an easy heuristic, we gain insights into the efficacy of stochastic lead time models and how these could be used to find the cost and a near‐optimal policy for the general model, where both demand rate and lead time are stochastic. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004
A New Progressive Era
Authors: Dionne, Jr. E. J. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractFollowing a period of rapid social and economic change in the late nineteenth century, the reforms of the Progressive Era created a framework in which the new industrial economy could coexist with democratic government and the values of personal independence and mutual assistance. Today there is an overriding need for a new engagement with democratic reform, the political engine that made the industrial era as successful as it was.
Can Technology Save Democracy?
Authors: Westen Tracy 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNew communications technologies offer important opportunities for revitalizing American democracy. They encourage broader issue discussions, greater specificity in candidate positions, and positive messages rather than negative ones. New communications systems can begin to uncouple wealth from voter impressions, make candidate messages available in multiple formats and languages, and encourage two‐way communications: from candidate to candidate, from voter to candidate, and from voter to voter.
Public Opinion Polling and the Future of Democracy
Authors: Lake Celinda , Sosin Jennifer 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe use of public opinion polling in American politics has exploded in recent years. National candidates spend thousands of valuable campaign dollars on their own polls. Newspapers and television stations regularly conduct polls, as do networks and news magazines. The proliferation of polling raises fundamental questions about the role of the elected representative in democracy. But it also offers exciting opportunities for engaging American voters in direct debates on policy priorities and directions.
Full Representation: The Future of Proportional Election Systems
Authors: Richie Robert 
Published: July 2004

AbstractProportional representation (PR) is a system by which like‐minded voters are able to win seats in legislative bodies and councils in proportion to their share of the popular vote. One of several municipal reforms advocated during the Progressive Era, PR never caught on in the United States, despite some obvious advantages over the common winner‐take‐all system—most notably, its greater ability to reflect community diversity.
An Overview of Citizen Participation in Health Planning: Lessons Learned from the Literature
Authors: Perlstadt Harry , Jackson‐Elmoore Cynthia , Freddolino Paul P. , Reed Celeste 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMuch can be learned from the experience of citizen participation in health planning over the past thirty years. A review of literature on the subject reveals seven key themes: systems change, knowledge transfer, civic engagement, inclusion, decision making, project organization, and project leadership.
Chronic exposure to ethanol alters neurotrophin content in the basal forebrain–cortex system in the mature rat: Effects on autocrine–paracrine mechanisms
Authors: Miller Michael W. , Mooney Sandra M. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeurotrophins are broadly expressed in the mammalian forebrain: notably in cerebral cortex and the basal forebrain (e.g., the septal and basal nuclei). These factors promote neuronal survival and plasticity, and have been implicated as key players in learning and memory. Chronic exposure to ethanol causes learning and memory deficits. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol affects neurotrophin expression and predicted that these changes would be consistent with alterations in retrograde or autocrine/paracrine systems. Mature rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol daily for 8 or 24 weeks. Weight‐matched controls were pair‐fed an isocaloric, isonutritive diet. Proteins from five structures (parietal and entorhinal cortices, hippocampus, and the basal and septal nuclei) were studied. ELISAs were used to determine the concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3). All three neurotrophins were detected in each structure examined. Ethanol treatment significantly (p < 0.05) affected neurotrophin expression in time‐ and space‐dependent manners. NGF content was generally depressed by ethanol exposure, whereas NT‐3 content increased. BDNF concentration was differentially affected by ethanol: it increased in the parietal cortex and the basal forebrain and decreased in the hippocampus. With the exception of NGF in the septohippocampal system, the ethanol‐induced changes in connected structures were inconsistent with changes that would be predicted from a retrograde model. Thus, the present data (a) support the concept that neurotrophins act through a nonretrograde system (i.e., a local autocrine/paracrine system), and (b) that chronic exposure to ethanol disrupts these regulatory mechanisms. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 60: 490–498, 2004
Colloidal star polymers: Models for studying dynamically arrested states in soft matter
Authors: Vlassopoulos Dimitris 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe use of well‐defined macromolecular assemblies with tunable interactions represents the key for exploring the regime of soft‐material behavior between hard spheres and polymer coils. Colloidal stars are ideal choices for such a formidable task and especially for shedding light on the formation and properties of dynamically arrested states. In this brief review, we demonstrate the rich variety of kinetic frustration phenomena that can be encountered with such ultrasoft particles. We address two specific examples in particular: the reversible vitrification upon heating and the melting of star gels upon the addition of linear polymers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2931–2941, 2004
Words to a problem of multiplicity of carbenelike systems in the external electric fields
Authors: Vorontsova I. K. , Mikheikin I. D. , Rakitina V. A. , Abronin I. A. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA possibility of multiplicity change for carbenelike systems in external electric fields of different configurations on an example of carbene CH2 and silylene SiH2 is considered by using semiempirical INDO approximation and ab initio calculations with 6‐311G**//6‐311G** and 6‐311G**//3‐21G basis sets taking into account the correlation effects on the level of second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). It is shown that, namely, the nonuniformity of the electric field is the factor that determines the multiplicity of carbenelike structures in external electric fields and that may affect the reactivity of carbenes and carbene analogues. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Nitrite ion formation: Nonempirical simulation in terms of cluster model
Authors: Novakovskaya Yu. V. , Bezrukov D. S. , Stepanov N. F. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractNeutral and negatively charged nitrogen dioxide molecule either individual or involved in a complex cluster with up to 50 water molecules is nonempirically simulated in the second order of the Møller–Plesset perturbation theory with the unrestricted Hartree–Fock function with the use of atomic basis functions of the 6‐31++G** set and effective fragment potentials for a part of water molecules. The structures corresponding to the local minima of the potential energy surfaces of neutral and anionic clusters are considered, and their dissociation energies are estimated. The geometric parameters of the cavities formed around nitrogen dioxide and its anion in the H‐bond network of water clusters are compared. The vertical electron detachment energies of the anions and the electron affinities of the parent neutral complex clusters depending on the number of water molecules involved are used for estimating the corresponding energetic characteristics of infinitely diluted aqueous nitrogen dioxide systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Phosphoric acid enhances the performance of Fe(III) affinity chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry for recovery, detection and sequencing of phosphopeptides
Authors: Stensballe Allan , Jensen Ole Nørregaard 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn integrated analytical strategy for enrichment, detection and sequencing of phosphorylated peptides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is reported. o‐Phosphoric acid was found to enhance phosphopeptide ion signals in MALDI‐MS when used as the acid dopant in 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5‐DHB) matrix. The effect was largest for multiply phosphorylated peptides, which exhibited an up to ten‐fold increase in ion intensity as compared with standard sample preparation methods. The enhanced phosphopeptide response was observed during MALDI‐MS analysis of several peptide mixtures derived by proteolytic digestion of phosphoproteins. Furthermore, the mixture of 2,5‐DHB and o‐phosphoric acid was an excellent eluant for immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Singly and multiply phosphorylated peptide species were efficiently recovered from Fe(III)‐IMAC columns, reducing sample handling for phosphopeptide mapping by MALDI‐MS and subsequent phosphopeptide sequencing by MALDI‐MS/MS. The enhanced response of phosphopeptide ions in MALDI facilitates MS/MS of large (>3 kDa) multiply phosphorylated peptide species and reduces the amount of analyte needed for complete characterization of phosphoproteins. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.