bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behandlung des Reizdarmsyndroms am Krankenhaus für Naturheilweisen
München
Authors: Schmidt Robert 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose „Reizdarmsyndrom“ ist zwar nicht die Hauptdiagnose der Patienten am Krankenhaus für
Naturheilweisen (KfN) in München, aber summa summarum sicherlich eine der häufigsten Diagnosen im KfN
überhaupt. Typische Symptome des Reizdarmsyndroms sind krampfartige Bauchschmerzen, Flatulenz und
Meteorismus, Diarrhö und/oder Obstipation und eine stark beeinträchtigte Lebensqualität. Bei den
Diarrhöen handelt es sich vor allem um dünnflüssige Darmentleerung, ggf. mit Schleimbeimengungen, nicht
selten mit einer Aggravation morgens. Patienten können bei Obstipation auch schafskotartige Stühle
beschreiben, über ein Gefühl der unvollständigen Darmentleerung klagen und generell eine Besserung des
abdominellen Druck- und Völlegefühls nach Darmentleerung empfinden. Die Behandlung am KfN zielt darauf
ab, die Patienten über das Krankheitsbild aufzuklären, damit sie ihre Symptomatik besser einordnen können
und zur langfristigen Selbsthilfe befähigt werden.
Targeting Abnormal Tau Phosphorylation for Alzheimer’s
Therapeutics
Authors: Singh Aditya , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Mahmood Tarique , Hasan Syed Misbahul , Wasim Rufaida , Maheshwari Shubhrat , Akhtar Juber , Sheikh Suvaiv , Vishwakarma Vishal Kumar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by progressive memory and cognitive decline, posing a formidable
public health challenge. This review explores the intricate interplay between
two pivotal players in AD pathogenesis: β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau
protein. While the amyloid cascade theory has long dominated AD research, recent
developments have ignited debates about its centrality. Aβ plaques and
tau NFTs are hallmark pathologies in AD. Aducanumab and lecanemab, monoclonal
antibodies targeting Aβ, have been approved, albeit amidst controversy,
raising questions about the therapeutic efficacy of Aβ-focused
interventions. On the other hand, tau, specifically its hyperphosphorylation,
disrupts microtubule stability and contributes to neuronal dysfunction. Various
post-translational modifications of tau drive its aggregation into NFTs.
Emerging treatments targeting tau, such as GSK-3β and CDK5 inhibitors,
have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Restoring the
equilibrium between protein kinases and phosphatases, notably protein
phosphatase-2A (PP2A), is a promising avenue for AD therapy, as tau is primarily
regulated by its phosphorylation state. Activation of tau-specific phosphatases
offers potential for mitigating tau pathology. The evolving landscape of AD drug
development emphasizes tau-centric therapies and reevaluation of the amyloid
cascade hypothesis. Additionally, exploring the role of neuroinflammation and
its interaction with tau pathology present promising research directions.
“Pure Fat Flap”—Perforator-based Adiposal Layer Only Flap for Lateral Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Seok Joon , Cho Jeongmok , Pak Changsik , Suh Hyunsuk , Hong Joon Pio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLateral ankle soft tissue defects pose challenges, especially in cases due to chronic pressure from cross-legged sitting, which usually present with a large dead space, small skin opening that often accompanies an open joint. Traditional reconstruction methods using fasciocutaneous flaps may result in donor site morbidity such as delayed wound healing or nerve injury. In this article, we present a case of diabetes-related lateral ankle defect successfully treated using adiposal layer only flap, also known as pure fat flap. The anatomy and the surgical technique of adiposal layer only flap were reviewed. These flaps preserve the subdermal plexus and deep fascia while obliterating dead space and providing a gliding surface for proper ankle movement. A perforator-based adiposal layer only flap was elevated from the peroneal artery and used to cover the defect. Flap perfusion was confirmed using indocyanine green video angiography and color duplex ultrasound. Patient had a successful recovery with minimal donor site morbidity. The technique expands the reconstructive microsurgeon's options for complex ankle coverage, ensuring optimal wound healing and functional outcomes.
Postnatal Steroids Use for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in a Quaternary Care NICU
Authors: Kanagaraj Uthayakumaran , Tan Jason , Soraisham Amuchou , Lodha Abhay , Shah Prakesh , Kulkarni Tapas , Shivananda Sandesh 
Published: February 2024

Objective Intercenter variation and trends in postnatal steroids (PNS) use among preterm infants for prevention or treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is known. Understanding intracenter PNS use patterns facilitate implementation of center-specific change interventions to optimize outcomes.This study aimed to (i) quantify the proportion of infants who received PNS, and describe the timing, type, trends over time, regimen used, and deviations, and (2) describe the clinical characteristics and unadjusted outcomes of infants who received PNS.
Study Design This was a cohort study in a quaternary neonatal intensive care unit including infants born at less than 33 weeks, and who received PNS for prevention or treatment of BPD between 2011 and 2021. Following data were included: proportion of babies who received PNS; type of PNS; age at initiation and duration; trends over time; deviation from published regimen; morbidity, mortality, and cointerventions.
Results One hundred and eighty four infants (8% of <33 week' infants) received PNS. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) gestational age and birth weight were 25 (24–26) weeks and 720 (625–841) grams, respectively. The median (IQR) day of initiation and duration of PNS use were 29 (19–38) and 10 (10–22) days, respectively. One hundred and fifty-seven (85%) infants received dexamethasone (DX) and 22 (12%) received hydrocortisone as the first PNS course, and 71 (39%) infants received multiple courses. The proportion of infants receiving PNS remained unchanged, but the cumulative median dose received for BPD per patient increased by 56%. Nearly one-third of cumulative PNS dose came from PNS used for non-BPD indications. Forty-six percent infants had a deviation from published regimen (±20% deviation in duration or ±10% deviation in dose). Survival, survival without major morbidity, moderate-to-severe BPD, and technology dependence at discharge were 87, 2, 91, and 67%, respectively.
Conclusion Increased variation in PNS use, deviation from published regimen, and concurrent PNS exposure from non-BPD indication offer insights into implementing interventions to improve processes.
Key Points
Respiratory Severity Score and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 3 Years in Extremely Preterm Infants
Authors: Tamai Kei , Takeuchi Akihito , Nakamura Makoto , Matsumoto Naomi , Yorifuji Takashi , Kageyama Misao 
Published: February 2024

Objective We aimed to examine the association between respiratory severity score (RSS; mean airway pressure × fraction of inspired oxygen) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants.
Study Design This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We analyzed data from extremely preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Okayama Medical Center between 2010 and 2019. Infants without invasive respiratory management during the first day of life were excluded. The exposure variable was the highest RSS during the first day of life. RSS was categorized into two groups: low (<3.5) and high (≥3.5) RSS. The primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years, defined as cognitive impairment (developmental quotient <70) or the presence of cerebral palsy. Secondary outcomes were the components of the primary outcome. We conducted robust Poisson regression analyses to investigate the association between RSS category and primary and secondary outcomes, adjusting for perinatal confounders.
Results The cohort included 97 infants with neurodevelopmental data, of whom 34 and 63 infants were in the low- and high-RSS categories, respectively. The median (interquartile range) gestational age and birth weight were 26.0 (24.7–26.9) and 25.7 (24.6–26.7) weeks and 761 (584–866) and 806 (618–898) g for infants in the low- and high-RSS categories, respectively. Compared with infants in the low-RSS category, those in the high-RSS category had a greater risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years (26.3 vs. 42.3%; adjusted risk ratio [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–3.5) and neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years (17.6 vs. 28.6%; adjusted RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.9).
Conclusion High RSS (≥3.5) during the first day of life was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment at age 3 years in extremely preterm infants.
Key Points
Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]pyridin-2(1H)-ones Enabled by Pd/Chiral Isothiourea Relay Catalysis
Authors: Sayed Mostafa , Han Zhi-Yong , Shi Zhipeng , Fan Tao , Shen Hong-Cheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA highly enantioselective [4+2] cyclization of azadienes with ketene in situ generated from Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of benzyl bromides, is established through Pd/chiral isothiourea relay catalysis. The key in this transformation is the formation of a C1-ammonium enolate from the in situ generated ketene and a chiral isothiourea catalyst, which subsequently undergoes a formal [4+2] reaction, leading to 3,4-dihydrobenzofuro[3,2-b]pyridine derivatives in high yields and excellent levels of stereoselectivity.
Successful Laparoscopic Hepaticojejunostomy for Infant Congenital Biliary Dilatation with both Aberrant Right Hepatic Artery and Bile Duct from the Caudate Region
Authors: Onishi Shun , Yamada Koji , Murakami Masakazu , Harumatsu Toshio , Kawano Takafumi , Ieiri Satoshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA boy with congenital hydronephrosis underwent ultrasonography every month for follow-up. At 4 months of age, ultrasonography incidentally revealed congenital biliary dilatation (5-cm type Ia). We performed laparoscopic extrahepatic bile duct resection and hepaticojejunostomy. After dissecting the dilated common bile duct (CBD), we found that the arcading-like shaped right hepatic artery (RHA) coursed in front of the CBD. Additionally, a tiny duct was identified below the main hepatic duct. At first, we thought it was a lymphatic vessel and dissected it from the main hepatic duct. However, bile flow out was recognized after dissecting the tiny duct. Finally, we confirmed it as an aberrant bile duct from the caudate region. We anastomosed the bile duct from the caudate region and main hepatic duct in a double-barrel fashion and performed hepaticojejunostomy below the RHA. The postoperative course was uneventful. Ultrasonography showed no intrahepatic ductal dilatation including the caudate lobe.
Time-resolved ion energy measurements using a retarding potential analyzer for electric propulsion applications
Authors: Thomas Austen , Lemmer Kristina 
Published: February 2024

To completely characterize the evolving state of a plasma, diagnostic tools that enable measurements of the time-resolved behavior are required. In this study, a gridded ion source with superimposed oscillations was utilized to verify the functionality of a high-speed retarding potential analyzer (HSRPA), at frequencies equivalent to the low frequency oscillations occurring in Hall effect thrusters (HETs). The verification of this device provides an effective alternative to existing diagnostics for measuring time-resolved ion energies. Retarding potential analyzers (RPAs) have established themselves as a fundamental diagnostic in the field of electric propulsion (EP), enabling the measurement of ion energy distributions within the plumes of EP thrusters. The work presented here has demonstrated the capability of a standard RPA in conjunction with high-speed circuitry and data fusion techniques to produce time-resolved ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) at higher frequencies and beam potentials than have previously been investigated. Tested frequencies ranged between 20 and 80 kHz with 10 V peak-to peak oscillations at a mean beam potential of 570 V. In addition, measurements were conducted with several waveforms, functioning as the superimposed oscillation, including a sine wave, triangle wave, and noisy sine wave. Data from the HSRPA were successfully reconstructed into time series utilizing two data fusion techniques: the empirical transfer function method and shadow manifold interpolation. Time-resolved IEDFs were produced at all frequency set points and waveforms. This investigation has demonstrated the HSRPA effectiveness at producing time-resolved measurements under conditions similar to those occurring in HETs.
The effect of field pea grown in mixtures with spring triticale on the content of total protein and amino acids
Authors: Płaza Anna , Górski Rafał 
Published: February 2024

Context Legume and cereal mixtures can provide valuable feed for livestock. Aims A field experiment was conducted in 2016–2018 to determine the effect of the proportion of mixture components and harvest date on the total protein content and the content of amino acids in mixtures of field pea (FP) and spring triticale (ST). Methods Two factors were chosen for examination, the ratio of FP to ST and harvest date (at the flowering and flat green pod stages). The mixtures of FP:ST trialled were 100:0, 0:100, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75. Key results Dry matter yield was maximised with an equal proportion of both components harvested at the flat green pod stage of FP. The highest content of total protein, asparagine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, serine, proline and glycine in the examined mixtures was found with 75% FP and 25% ST. Cysteine content was highest with 25% FP + 75% ST. A highest content of total protein and analysed amino acids, with the exception of glutamine acid and proline, was found in mixtures harvested at flowering of FP. Conclusions A mixture of FP + ST with 75 + 25% or an equal share of both components should be recommended for cultivation, harvesting at the flat green pod stage of FP. This will ensure high dry matter yields and high total protein content. Implications Growing a mixture of FP + ST with a component share of 75 + 25% yields green fodder with high protein and amino acid content, whereas mixtures with equal component shares have the highest dry matter yields.
Extracting electromagnetic signatures of spacetime fluctuations
Authors: Sharmila B , Vermeulen Sander M , Datta Animesh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We present a formalism to discern the effects of fluctuations of the spacetime metric on electromagnetic radiation. The formalism works via the measurement of electromagnetic field correlations, while allowing a clear assessment of the assumptions involved. As an application of the formalism, we present a model of spacetime fluctuations that appear as random fluctuations of the refractive index of the vacuum in single, and two co-located Michelson interferometers. We compare an interferometric signal predicted using this model to experimental data from the Holometer and aLIGO. We show that if the signal manifests at a frequency at which the interferometers are sensitive, the strength and scale of possible spacetime fluctuations can be constrained. The bounds, thus obtained, on the strength and scale of the spacetime fluctuations, are also shown to be more stringent than the bounds obtained previously using astronomical observation at optical frequencies. The formalism enables us to evaluate proposed experiments such as QUEST for constraining quantum spacetime fluctuations and to design new ones.
A theoretical study on the enhanced oxygen evolution performance of NiN4-graphene by Ni nanoclusters
Authors: Shi Runchuan , Feng Shihao , Fu Zhaoming , Yang Zongxian , Zhang Xilin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Isolated metal-coordinated nitrogen embedded carbon (M–N–C) materials are potential alternatives to noble catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the activity of metal centers can be further modulated by adjusting the coordination environment. Recently, experimental studies have shown that the aggregation of metal atoms into small clusters or particles is inevitable during the high temperature pyrolysis, while the influences of metal clusters on the OER activity of single metal atoms in M–N–C are unclear. Herein, taking Ni-based single atom as examples, the interaction characters of NiN4 doped graphene (NiN4-graphene) with different Ni clusters were studied. The modulation effects of Ni clusters to the NiN4-graphene were systematically investigated from the geometric configurations, electronic structures, and the OER activity of the Ni single atom. It was found that the OER performance of NiN4-graphene can be remarkably improved through the addition of Ni clusters, and the lowest overpotential of 0.43 V is achieved on NiN4-graphene with the modification of Ni13 cluster, which is smaller than that of 0.69 V on NiN4-graphene. Electronic properties calculations showed that the charge transfer from Ni clusters to NiN4-graphene will alter the density of states of Ni single atom near the Fermi level, which promotes the charge transfer from NiN4-graphene to oxygen containing products and optimizes the adsorption strength of oxygen intermediate to close to the ideal adsorption free energy of 2.46 eV by enhancing the hybridization interaction between the O-p orbitals and the Ni-dxz
, Ni-dyz
orbitals, and finally leading to an enhanced OER activity. The current findings highlight the important role of metal clusters on improving the catalytic performance of M–N–C materials, which benefits for the rational design of M–N–C catalysts with high catalytic activity.
Acoustic attenuation of side-branched Helmholtz resonator with embedded apertures in grazing flow ducts
Authors: Cao Jilai , Huang Sibo , Yu Xinhai , Li Yong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Refrigeration equipment is widely used on a daily basis in residential, commercial and industrial applications, but the aerodynamic performance and noise problems remain a tragic problem. Acoustic duct silencers as an effective noise elimination solution have received great and continuing interest in noise control engineering to mitigate acoustic instability. In the presence of grazing flow, acoustic-attenuation performances of duct silencers decrease greatly due to the vortices and flow oscillations generated in the duct. In this work, the acoustic-attenuation performances of side-branched metasurfaces composed of Helmholtz resonators with embedded apertures (HREAs) in a flow duct were systematically investigated. HREAs are capable of efficiently weakening the flow-induced noise by damping the vortices and flow oscillations with an improved acoustic impedance design, which leads to better acoustic-attenuation performance. Furthermore, the optimal attenuation performance of the proposed HREAs under grazing flow was demonstrated by tuning the diameter and extending the length of the embedded apertures. The proposed structures, with double HREAs separated at a distance or arranged at the same location, can realize a higher efficient and broadband acoustic attenuation performance. The results show outstanding noise-attenuation performance and may inspire the development of highly efficient, thin and tunable acoustic mufflers for refrigeration equipment.
Investigation of a neural implicit representation tomography method for flow diagnostics
Authors: Kelly Dustin , Thurow Brian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this work, a new gridless approach to tomographic reconstruction of 3D flow fields is introduced and investigated. The approach, termed here as FluidNeRF, is based on the concept of volume representation through Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF). NeRF represents a 3D volume as a continuous function using a deep neural network. In FluidNeRF, the neural network is a function of 3D spatial coordinates in the volume and produces an intensity of light per unit volume at that position. The network is trained using the loss between measured and rendered 2D projections similar to other multi-camera tomography techniques. Projections are rendered using an emission-based integrated line-of-sight method where light rays are traced through the volume; the network is used to determine intensity values along the ray. This paper investigates the influence of the NeRF hyperparameters, camera layout and spacing, and image noise on the reconstruction quality as well as the computational cost. A DNS-generated synthetic turbulent jet is used as a ground-truth representative flow field. Results obtained with FluidNeRF are compared to an adaptive simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (ASART), which is representative of a conventional reconstruction technique. Results show that FluidNeRF matches or outperforms ASART in reconstruction quality, is more robust to noise, and offers several advantages that make it more flexible and thus suitable for extension to other flow measurement techniques and scaling to larger-scale problems.
Generalizing infrastructure inspection: step transfer learning aided extreme learning machine for automated crack detection in concrete structures
Authors: Sohaib Muhammad , Hasan Md Junayed , Chen Jianxin , Zheng Zhonglong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Identification of damage and selection of a restoration strategy in concrete structures is contingent upon automatic inspection for crack detection and assessment. Most research on deep learning models for autonomous inspection has focused solely on measuring crack dimensions, omitting the generalization power of a model. This research utilizes a novel step transfer learning (STL) added extreme learning machine (ELM) approach to develop an automatic assessment strategy for surface cracks in concrete structures. STL is helpful in mining generalized abstract features from different sets of source images, and ELM helps the proposed model overcome the optimization limitations of traditional artificial neural networks. The proposed model achieved at least 2.5%, 4.8%, and 0.8% improvement in accuracy, recall, and precision, respectively, in comparison to the other studies, indicating that the proposed model could aid in the automated inspection of concrete structures, ensuring high generalization ability.