bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multidimensional approach to the study of human‐information interaction: A case study of collaborative information retrieval
Authors: Fidel Raya , Mark Pejtersen Annelise , Cleal Bryan , Bruce Harry 
Published: May 2004

AbstractWhile most research in the area of human‐information behavior has focused on a single dimension—either the psychological or the social—this case study demonstrated the importance of a multidimensional approach. The Cognitive Work Analysis framework guided this field study of one event of collaborative information retrieval (CIR) carried out by design engineers at Microsoft, including observations and interviews. Various dimensions explained the motives for this CIR event and the challenges the participants encountered: the cognitive dimension, the specific task and decision, the organization of the teamwork, and the organizational culture. Even though it is difficult at times to separate one dimension from another, and all are interdependent, the analysis uncovered several reasons for design engineers to engage in CIR, such as when they are new to the organization or the team, when the information lends itself to various interpretations, or when most of the needed information is not documented. Similar multidimensional studies will enhance our understanding of human‐information behavior.
Recombinant antigen from Helicobacter pylori urease as vaccine against H. pylori‐associated disease
Authors: Fujii Ryoji , Morihara Fumiko , Fukushima Keigo , Oku Takashi , Hifumi Emi , Uda Taizo 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIt is well documented that the enzymatic active site of Helicobacter pylori urease is present in the β‐subunit. An important sequence of 135 amino acids of the β‐subunit was determined from the structure of H. pylori urease and by a homology‐based study of the urease of other bacteria and plants. The sequence (UreB) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant fusion protein with glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST). Seventeen monoclonal antibodies, UA‐1–17, were produced using the UreB‐GST as the immunogen. The obtained monoclonal antibodies showed a high specificity to UreB, and some of the MAbs cross‐reacted with Jack bean urease. About 70% of the established MAbs displayed an inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of the urease. Among them, UA‐15 MAb could reduce the activity by 53% and it immunologically binds to the bacterium infecting the human stomach mucosa. The antiserum induced by immunization with a recombinant UreB‐GST into rabbits displayed a specific binding to mucosal surfaces of the human stomach infected with the pathogen H. pylori. Moreover, the antiserum suppressed the enzymatic activity of H. pylori urease, while the purified H. pylori urease could not induce such an antiserum. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in the characteristics and survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma from 1976 to 2000
Authors: Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Kiriyama Seiki , Sone Yasuhiro , Tanikawa Makoto , Hisanaga Yasuhiro , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Honda Takashi , Kitabatake Shusuke , Kuzuya Teiji , Nonogaki Koji , Kasugai Toshifumi , Shimizu Junichi 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors analyzed changes in the characteristics and survival rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the past 25 years.METHODSTrends in clinical characteristics and survival rate of patients with HCC were evaluated retrospectively based on data from 1365 patients who were diagnosed, treated, and followed between 1976 and 2000.RESULTSBetween 1976–1995, the number of patients with smaller tumors, a less advanced tumor stage, and with a lower Child–Pugh class increased markedly. No differences were observed in the distributions of these three factors between the periods 1991–1995 and 1996–2000. The year of HCC diagnosis, tumor size, tumor stage, Child–Pugh class, and the kind of initial treatment received correlated significantly with patient survival rates by multivariate analysis. The year of HCC diagnosis was found to contribute independently to the improvement in patient survival rates. Using the Kaplan–Meier comparison, the time periods during which the highest patient survival rates occurred were found to be 1991–1995/1996–2000, 1986–1990, and 1976–1985, in that order. The authors did not observe a difference with regard to survival rates between patients in the 1991–1995 and 1996–2000 groups.CONCLUSIONSThe characteristics of patients with HCC changed dramatically from 1976 to 1995 (but not in the past 10 years) toward the earlier detection of HCC. This contributed to the improvement noted in patient survival rates during this period. The year of HCC diagnosis was found to be an independent factor for the improved survival rates by multivariate analysis. This indicated that the progress of treatment and care for patients with HCC contributed to the annual improvement in patient survival rates. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The incompressible limit of solutions of the two‐dimensional compressible Euler system with degenerating initial data
Authors: Dutrifoy Alexandre , Hmidi Taoufik 
Published: May 2004

AbstractUsing Strichartz estimates, it is possible to pass to the limit in the weakly compressible 2‐D Euler system, when the Mach number ϵ tends to zero, even if the initial data are not uniformly smooth. More precisely, their norms in Sobolev spaces embedded inC1can be allowed to grow as small powers of ϵ−1.This leads to results of convergence to solutions of the incompressible Euler system whose regularity is critical, such as vortex patches or Yudovich solutions. © 2000 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Allergen extracts directly mobilize and activate human eosinophils
Authors: Svensson Lena , Rudin Anna , Wennerås Christine 
Published: April 2004

AbstractAllergic diseases are characterized by the presence of eosinophils, which are recruited to the affected tissues by chemoattractants produced by T cells, mast cells and epithelium. Our objective was to evaluate if allergens can directly activate human eosinophils. The capacity of purified allergen extracts to elicit eosinophil chemotaxis, respiratory burst, degranulation and up‐regulationof the adhesion molecule complement receptor 3 (CR3) was determined in eosinophils isolated from healthy blood donors. Eosinophils stimulated with an extract from house dust mite (HDM) released thegranule protein major basic protein (MBP) and up‐regulated the surface expression of CR3. Cat allergen extracts also induced the up‐regulation of CR3, but not the release of MBP; instead cat, as well as birch and grass allergens, elicited the release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). In addition, grass pollen extract caused the secretion of MBP. None of the allergens stimulated eosinophilic cationic protein release, nor production of free oxygen radicals. Both HDM and birch extracts were chemotactic for eosinophils. These findings establish that common aeroallergens can directly activate eosinophils in vitro. We propose that eosinophil activation in vivo is not exclusively mediated by cytokines and chemokines of the allergic inflammatory reaction, but could partly be theresult of direct interaction between allergens and eosinophils.
[{Zn(enMe)2}2(enMe)2{Zn2As8V12O40(H2O)}]·4H2O: A Hybrid Molecular Material Based on Covalently Linked Inorganic Zn−As−V Clusters and Transition Metal Complexes via enMe Ligands
Authors: Zheng Shou‐Tian , Zhang Jie , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA novel zinc‐substituted polyoxovanadate, [{Zn(enMe)2}2(enMe)2{Zn2As8V12O40(H2O)}]·4H2O 1 (enMe = 1,2‐diaminopropane), which is built up from Zn2As8V12O40(H2O) clusters and Zn(enMe)2 complexes, and further connected together by trans‐enMe ligands, has been hydrothermally prepared and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. The study of the magnetic susceptibility of 1 demonstrates the presence of antiferromagnetic interaction between VIV cations in 1. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Designed Assembly of Low‐dimensional Molecular Units: Novel Neutral Coordination Polymers Based on (Phosphonodithioato)NiII Complexes
Authors: Aragoni M. Carla , Arca Massimiliano , Champness Neil R. , Chernikov Aleksey V. , Devillanova Francesco A. , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Oxtoby Neil S. , Verani Gaetano , Vatsadze Sergey Z. , Wilson Claire 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe reactions of phosphonodithioato complexes [Ni(ROdtp)2] [where ROdtp = (4‐MeOPh)(RO)PS2; R = Et, Me] with 4,4′‐bipy and N,N′‐bis‐(3‐pyridinylmethylene)benzene‐1,4‐diamine (bdpy), respectively, yield the 1:1 coordination polymers [Ni(EtOdtp)2(bipy)]8 and [Ni(MeOdtp)2(bdpy)]∞, whose syntheses and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses are reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Clear‐Cut Lanthanide(III)/Actinide(III) Differentiation in Coordination of Pyrazine to Tris(cyclopentadienyl) Complexes of Cerium and Uranium, Involving Reversible UIII → UIV Oxidation
Authors: Mehdoui Thouraya , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Thuéry Pierre , Ephritikhine Michel 
Published: May 2004

AbstractIn contrast to the [Ce(C5H4R)3] complexes (where R = tBu, SiMe3), which react with pyrazine to give the Lewis base adducts [Ce(C5H4R)3(pyz)] (where R = tBu 1, SiMe3 2), the uranium analogues are oxidized by the azine molecule to the dinuclear UIV complexes [{U(C5H4R)3}2(μ‐pyz)] (R = tBu 3, SiMe3 4). The U−N distances of approximately 2.32 Å in the crystal structures of 3 and 4 are characteristic of UIV−N bond lengths of terminally‐coordinated amide groups. The formation constants of 1 and 3 in THF at 23 °C are 0.28(6) and 8(1) × 103, respectively, permitting the clear differentiation between the two metallocenes by means of the nitrogen ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Quantification of linolenic acid isomers by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks
Authors: Mjøs Svein A. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe use of a technique for deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks, Gentle, has been evaluated for quantification of alpha linolenic acid isomers analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Mixtures containing varying amounts of linolenic acid methyl ester isomers with two or three trans double bonds were analysed by two different temperature programs. Overlapping chromatographic peaks were resolved by Gentle, and the areas of the resolved peaks were compared with reference values calculated by use of internal standards. The results show that the small differences that exist between the mass spectra of the analysed isomers are sufficient to achieve deconvolution of severely overlapping peaks. The errors were larger than seen for quantification of chromatographically resolved peaks. Especially for small peaks in a peak cluster, the errors relative to the peak size were large.
Characterization of oils of hazelnuts from Asturias, Spain
Authors: Bada Juan Carlos , León‐Camacho Manuel , Prieto Manuela , Alonso Leocadio 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNine varieties of virgin hazelnut oil from different autochthonous cultivars from distinct locations in Asturias (Spain) were obtained by extraction under a pressure of 280 kg/cm2 at a temperature of 45 °C. The extracted oils were separated and filtered. The overall composition (percentages of husk, oil and moisture) of unhusked seeds was determined as well as moisture, ash, total sulfur and heat power of the husks for their possible use as biomass. Recovery of the oil extraction procedure for its application to the production of extra virgin edible hazelnut oil was studied. Fatty acid, tocopherol and sterol compositions as determined by capillary column gas chromatography and triglyceride compositions as determined by high performance liquid chromatography are reported in this study. All values were compared with a Turkish and a French hazelnut oil, with solvent‐extracted hazelnut oil and with a 75/25 blend. A cluster analysis was performed as a criterion to differentiate the different hazelnut oils as groups.
An unsteady multiblock multigrid scheme for lifting forward flight rotor simulation
Authors: Allen C. B. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractNumerical simulation of multi‐bladed lifting rotors in forward flight is considered. The flow‐solver presented is multiblock and unsteady, which is essential for forward flight, and also includes multigrid acceleration to reduce run‐times. A structured multiblock grid generator specifically for rotor blades has also been developed and is presented here. Previous work has shown that hovering lifting rotor flows are particularly expensive to simulate, since the capture of the vortical wake below the disc requires a long numerical integration time; more than 20 revolutions for an unsteady simulation, or more than 40000 time‐steps for a single grid steady simulation. It is demonstrated here that only two or three revolutions are required to obtain a converged solution for forward flight, since the wake is swept downstream. This requires less than 1.5 × the run‐time of a steady hovering simulation, for the same grid density around each blade, even though an unsteady simulation is required and the complete disk must be solved rather than one blade as in hover. It is demonstrated that very fine meshes are required to capture the unsteady tip vortex motion, and the effects on blade loading of blade‐vortex interaction and rotor shaft inclination are also considered. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Fourier analyses of the advection–diffusion equation—Part I: one‐dimensional domains
Authors: Christon Mark A. , Martinez Mario J. , Voth Thomas E. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed multi‐methods comparison of the spatial errors associated with finite difference, finite element and finite volume semi‐discretizations of the scalar advection–diffusion equation. The errors are reported in terms of non‐dimensional phase and group speed, discrete diffusivity, artificial diffusivity, and grid‐induced anisotropy. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis provides an automatic process for separating the discrete advective operator into its symmetric and skew‐symmetric components and characterizing the spectral behaviour of each operator. For each of the numerical methods considered, asymptotic truncation error and resolution estimates are presented for the limiting cases of pure advection and pure diffusion. It is demonstrated that streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin and its control‐volume finite element analogue, the streamline upwind control‐volume method, produce both an artificial diffusivity and a concomitant phase speed adjustment in addition to the usual semi‐discrete artifacts observed in the phase speed, group speed and diffusivity. The Galerkin finite element method and its streamline upwind derivatives are shown to exhibit super‐convergent behaviour in terms of phase and group speed when a consistent mass matrix is used in the formulation. In contrast, the CVFEM method and its streamline upwind derivatives yield strictly second‐order behaviour. In Part II of this paper, we consider two‐dimensional semi‐discretizations of the advection–diffusion equation and also assess the affects of grid‐induced anisotropy observed in the non‐dimensional phase speed, and the discrete and artificial diffusivities. Although this work can only be considered a first step in a comprehensive multi‐methods analysis and comparison, it serves to identify some of the relative strengths and weaknesses of multiple numerical methods in a common analysis framework. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boundary‐fitted non‐linear dispersive wave model for regions of arbitrary geometry
Authors: Beji S. , Barlas B. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA vertically integrated non‐linear dispersive wave model is expressed in non‐orthogonal curvilinear co‐ordinate system for simulating shallow or deep water wave motions in regions of arbitrary geometry. Both dependent and independent variables are transformed so that an irregular physical domain is converted into a rectangular computational domain with contravariant velocities. Thus, the wall condition for enclosures surrounding a typical physical domain, such as a channel, port or harbor, is satisfied accurately and easily. The numerical scheme is based on staggered grid finite‐difference approximations, which result in implicit formulations for the momentum equations and semi‐explicit formulation for the continuity equation. Test cases of linear wave propagation in converging, diverging and circular channels are performed to check the reliability of model simulations against the analytical solutions. Cnoidal waves of different steepness values in a circular channel are also considered as examples to non‐linear wave propagation within curved walls. In closing, remarks concerning versatility and practical uses of the numerical model are made. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of an energy relaxation method for the simulation of unsteady, viscous, real gas flows
Authors: Bongiovanni Emmanuel , Ern Alexandre , Glinsky‐Olivier Nathalie 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study investigates a new energy relaxation method designed to capture the dynamics of unsteady, viscous, real gas flows governed by the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. We focus on real gas models accounting for inelastic molecular collisions and yielding temperature‐dependent heat capacities. The relaxed Navier–Stokes equations are discretized using a mixed finite volume/finite element method and a high‐order time integration scheme. The accuracy of the energy relaxation method is investigated on three test problems of increasing complexity: the advection of a periodic set of vortices, the interaction of a temperature spot with a weak shock, and finally, the interaction of a reflected shock with its trailing boundary layer in a shock tube. In all cases, the method is validated against benchmark solutions and the numerical errors resulting from both discretization and energy relaxation are assessed independently. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the discontinuous Galerkin method for the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Dolejší Vít 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe paper deals with the use of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) for the numerical solution of viscous compressible flows. We start with a scalar convection–diffusion equation and present a discretization with the aid of the non‐symmetric variant of DGFEM with interior and boundary penalty terms. We also mention some theoretical results. Then we extend the scheme to the system of the Navier–Stokes equations and discuss the treatment of stabilization terms. Several numerical examples are presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cubic eddy‐viscosity turbulence models for strongly swirling confined flows with variable density
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Ma Huiyang 
Published: May 2004

AbstractAn investigation on the predictive performance of cubic eddy‐viscosity turbulence models for strongly swirling confined flows with variable density is presented. Comparisons of the prediction with the experiments show some improvements of cubic models over the linear k–ε model. The linear k–ε model does not contain any mechanism to represent the interaction of swirl and density variation and as a consequence it performs poorly. With appropriate modelling, two‐equation cubic turbulence models can capture the subcritical nature of the flow, represent the azimuthal velocity profiles of combined forced‐free vortex motion, and predict the combined effects of swirl and density variation fairly well. However, the calibration of model coefficients is still a topic of investigation. Further amendments are also needed for the equations of k and ε to take into account the effects of swirl and density gradients correctly. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Head and neck tumor sites differ in prevalence and spectrum of p53 alterations but these have limited prognostic value
Authors: Bosch Franz X. , Ritter Daniel , Enders Christel , Flechtenmacher Christa , Abel Ulrich , Dietz Andreas , Hergenhahn Manfred , Weidauer Hagen 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe tumor site is a strong clinical factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To clarify the biologic and clinical role of p53 alterations in HNSCC, we have examined the prevalence and the nature of p53 alterations in a large cohort of tumors from the different sites. For immunohistochemical analysis of p53 protein expression, we introduced tyramide signal amplification immunohistochemistry (TSA‐IHC) on a tissue microarray. This allowed the discrimination between normal low‐level expression and reduced or lost expression. Two hundred fifty‐three tumors were subjected to mutational analysis by genomic DNA sequencing, employing also the p53 GeneChip from Affymetrix. The prevalence of all p53 alterations, i.e., mutations, overexpression and loss of expression, was significantly higher in hypopharyngeal tumors than in the other sites (p = 0.001). Laryngeal tumors showed the lowest rate of p53 alterations, but revealed a distinct mutation spectrum: most mutations affected exon 5 (p = 0.013) and the S2′ domain (p = 0.002), and most hot‐spot 248 mutations occurred in the larynx (p < 0.001). Sequencing by p53GeneChip technology was shown to be only insignificantly more sensitive than dideoxy sequencing. In agreement with p53 mutations occurring prior to invasiveness, their prevalence did not increase with tumor stage, and all mutation classes lacked prognostic significance. The large patient cohort of this study showed that p53 is differentially affected in the different tumor sites of the head and neck, but its mode of inactivation does not play a major role in tumor progression. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
National Polyp Study data: Evidence for regression of adenomas
Authors: Loeve Franka , Boer Rob , Zauber Ann G. , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , van Oortmarssen Gerrit J. , Winawer Sidney J. , Habbema J. Dik F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThe data of the National Polyp Study, a large longitudinal study on surveillance of adenoma patients, is used for testing assumptions on the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. The observed adenoma and colorectal cancer incidence in the National Polyp Study were compared with the simulated outcomes of the MISCAN‐COLON model of epidemiology and control of colorectal cancer for the U.S. population based on expert opinion. Variants of this model were explored in order to identify assumptions on the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence that are consistent with the study observations. The high observed adenoma detection rates at surveillance and low observed colorectal cancer incidence in the National Polyp Study could only be explained by assuming a high incidence rate of adenomas accompanied by regression of adenomas. The National Polyp Study data suggest that adenoma prevalence results from a dynamic process of both formation as well as regression of adenomas. This lowers the expectations for the effects of colorectal cancer screening strategies that focus on adenoma detection. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.