bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precise and rapid assessment of Escherichia coli adherence to vaginal epithelial cells by flow cytometry
Authors: Stapleton Ann E. , Fennell Cynthia L. , Coder David M. , Wobbe Cheryl L. , Roberts Pacita L. , Stamm Walter E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackground: In the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women, infecting bacteria adhere to vaginal and periurethral epithelial cells prior to ascending to the bladder and causing infection. Complex interactions among specific bacterial adhesins and various host factors appear to influence adherence of E. coli to mucosal surfaces such as the urogenital epithelium. To conduct population‐based studies assessing host epithelial cell determinants that influence bacterial attachment, a method of measuring bacterial adherence utilizing clinically derived epithelial cell samples is needed. Methods: We developed and standardized an efficient, accurate, high‐throughput method for analyzing the adherence of uropathogenic E. coli to clinical samples containing a large number of exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells (VEC). Three wild‐type E. coli strains isolated from women with UTI (IA2 expressing pap‐encoded, class II fimbriae only; F24 expressing pap‐encoded, class II and type 1 fimbriae; and F20, without pap‐encoded or type I fimbriae) were transformed with gfpmut3, encoding green fluorescent protein, incubated with VECs, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Enumeration of the binding of each E. coli strain to 10,000 VECs showed reproducible, highly significant strain‐dependent differences in adherence to VECs. Differential analysis of the relative contributions of type 1 pili and P fimbrial‐mediated binding to the adherence phenotype was performed. It demonstrated that IA2 binding was dependent entirely on P fimbriae, whereas F24 binding was dependent on both P and type 1 fimbriae. Conclusions: This method has great potential for use in high‐throughput analyses of clinically derived epithelial cell samples and will be valuable in population‐based investigations of host‐parasite interactions in UTI utilizing VECs collected from specific patient groups. Cytometry (Clin. Cytometry) 50:31–37, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of phagosomal pH of normal and CGD‐like human neutrophils by dual fluorescence flow cytometry
Authors: Dri Pietro , Presani Gianni , Perticarari Sandra , Albèri Lavinia , Prodan Mario , Decleva Eva 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundPhagosomal pH is thought to play an important role in the antimicrobial activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In this study, we set up a method for a rapid and accurate measurement of phagosomal pH in PMNs with the use of Candida albicans doubly labeled with a pH‐insensitive and a pH‐sensitive probe and flow cytometry.MethodsHeat‐killed, serum‐opsonized C. albicans were doubly labeled with fluorescein, a pH‐sensitive probe, and rhodamine, a pH‐insensitive probe, and incubated with human PMNs. Flow cytometric readings of PMN‐associated Candida were then taken, and the intraphagosomal pH was calculated on the basis of the ratio of fluorescein:rhodamine fluorescence by using a calibration curve obtained after equilibration of phagosomal pH with different external pH values after addition of digitonin.ResultsA rapid rise in phagosomal pH, which reached pH 7.8, was observed 2 min after initiation of phagocytosis and progressively declined to pH 6.9 after 15 min. Such a rise was not observed in PMNs with defective microbicidal activity (deficient in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase), where phagosomal pH dropped to pH 6.6, 2 min after phagocytosis. The abnormal initial acidification in PMNs deficient in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase was prevented by using lysosomotropic weak bases or the vacuolar‐type H+ pump inhibitor concanamycin A.ConclusionsPhagosomal pH of PMNs can be easily and accurately measured by dual fluorescence flow cytometry. The method can be applied to assess phagosomal pH in PMNs with defective microbicidal activity and to monitor the outcome of pharmacologic interventions aimed at correcting its abnormalities. Cytometry 48:159–166, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased myeloperoxidase index and large unstained cell values can predict the neutropenia phase of cancer patients treated with standard dose chemotherapy
Authors: Bononi Antonio , Lanza Francesco , Dabusti Melissa , Gusella Milena , Gilli Giuseppe , Menon Daniela , Toso Silvia , Crepaldi Giorgio , Marenda Bruno , Abbasciano Vincenzo , Ferrazzi Eros 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to better understand neutropenia induced by standard dose chemotherapy and to verify if there are any hematological parameters for defining the phase and possibly the duration of neutropenia. Methods: The kinetics of large unstained cells (LUCs) and lymphocytes was evaluated in 324 blood counts of 56 chemotherapy cycles through the use of a Technicon H2 or an ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer. Blood samples collected during the neutropenia phase were also studied by flow cytometry using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. Parametric and nonparametric statistics were employed to compare the different variables analyzed. A linear regression between each variable before and after nadir and a simple linear correlation among the same variables in the neutropenic and recovery phase were performed. Results: The percentage of LUCs reaches the higher value at nadir and the difference between the mean value of prenadir and nadir is statistically significant (P <.01).The number of LUCs increases during the pre and postnadir phase. Lymphocytes number appears stable in the prenadir phase. The MPXI index increases in the prenadir phase and falls at nadir and this difference is statistically significant(P <.01). LUCs are correlated with blasts and CD34+ cells in the pre and postnadir phase, with CD3+/CD4+ cells in the prenadir phase, and with CD2+/CD56+ in the postnadir phase. Conclusions: Our data have shown that the estimation of both percentage of LUCs and MPXI can predict the neutropenia phase and orient for its duration. The lymphocyte number may be regarded as a parameter of risk of fever after day 5 of chemotherapy and the number of blood CD34+ cells may be predicted by LUC count. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:92–97, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance of ATM traffic in optical CDMA
Authors: Zhang Liren , Eyoh Chih‐Hong , Ng Chee‐Hock 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn ATM transit switch is proposed based on direct sequence optical code division multiple access technique. No buffering is necessary to facilitate the switching. Code conversion is used instead to emulate the switching function. The switch not only provides asynchronous access to the users but also has a limited capability of dynamic bandwidth allocation. It is free from timing jitters and switching delay is significantly reduced. A look‐up table is employed in the switching and updated through network management functions. The switch provides a new approach to asynchronous cross‐connection in the ATM core network. The performance of the new switch is evaluated by a set of prime codes and modified prime codes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient routing for IP subnet VLAN over Ethernet
Authors: Kok Chan Wai , Salim Beg M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExisting IP routing algorithms have been developed mainly for non‐VLAN networks. For these routing algorithms to work, an end station must be attached to its associated network. The introduction of VLAN has, however, allowed the physical location of the end station to be changed from time to time. Therefore, some extra mechanism is required to support routing in VLAN environment. Existing approaches have some drawbacks in terms of inefficiency in traffic forwarding and switch software complexity. In this paper, a simple and efficient method for routing over IP subnet VLAN in Ethernet is proposed. This method has been implemented in hardware and found to work correctly. Various measurements and analyses have been performed to verify the efficiency of this protocol. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γ/δ Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma of the breast diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Al Omran S. , Mourad W.A. , Ali M.A. 
Published: August 2002

Abstractγ/δ T‐cell lymphoma is a rare neoplasm that is not well characterized and is associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of γ/δ peripheral T‐cell lymphoma that appeared as a breast lump in a 35‐yr‐old woman. The patient was examined for a 2‐mo history of a right‐sided breast mass with associated hepatosplenomegaly 2 yr in duration. A fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed, and the diagnosis of lymphoma was rendered. The patient received two cycles of CHOP and is alive with persistent disease. FNAB showed evidence of polymorphous lymphoma, consisting of medium‐size to large cells with immature chromatin. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping showed expression of CD2, CD3, and CD7 with lack of expression of CD1a, CD4, CD5, CD8, and CD56. Flow cytometry also showed predominant expression of the γ/δ T‐cell receptor. Cytogenetic analysis showed 48XX+i7(q11.2),+7(3). Our case indicates that γ/δ peripheral T‐cell lymphoma can be diagnosed by FNAB. This rare entity requires further investigation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:170–173; DOI 10.1002/dc.10072 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What is the role of cytopathologists in stereotaxic needle biopsy diagnosis of nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities?
Authors: Symmans W. Fraser , Cangiarella Joan F. , Gottlieb Susan , Newstead Gillian M. , Waisman Jerry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe popularity of screening mammography has led to increased detection of mammographic lesions that require pathologic diagnosis. Stereotaxic needle biopsy techniques to sample such lesions can be used to either identify those lesions that require excision from those that can be followed, or to confirm a mammographic impression of malignancy prior to excision. Stereotaxic core biopsy (SCBX) and stereotaxic fine needle aspiration (SFNA) have rarely been directly compared. For this review we undertook a uniform re‐analysis of the data that was presented in the published studies of SFNA and/or SCBX. The main endpoint was the negative predictive value (NPV) that measures the frequency that a benign diagnosis is truly benign. There was variability in NPV (likely due to sampling methods) and specific aspects of sampling techniques are discussed. The NPV was compared to indicators of selection of lesions to biopsy (frequency of invasive cancer in the study population), mammographic characteristics (masses or microcalcifications), and the reported nondiagnostic rates. The general conclusion is that SFNA and SCBX are equivalent in accuracy, with considerable variability that reflects the types of lesions that are selected for biopsy and the thoroughness of sampling. For SFNA studies, nondiagnostic rates were inversely related to NPV, and therefore have clinical implications. This was not shown for SCBX studies, and probably reflects an inability to correctly identify non‐representative tissue biopsies. The main advantage for including cytologic methods with stereotaxic breast biopsy is immediate sample assessment, and this advantage can also be applied to core needle procedures. Diagn. Cytopathol. 24:260–270, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regression of early events of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits by prophylactic treatment with nitroderivative of acetyl salicylic acid
Authors: Gad Mohamed Z. , Khattab Mahmoud M. , Moustafa Nadia A. , Burgaud Jean‐Luc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe potential of a newly developed compound, nitro‐aspirin (NO‐aspirin, NCX‐4016), on regression of early atherosclerotic events in hypercholesterolemic rabbit (HypR) was examined. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by feeding rabbits 2% cholesterol‐enriched diet for 28 days. During this induction period, HypRs were divided into two groups: one was given an oral single daily dose of 56 mg/kg/day NO‐aspirin in olive oil, whereas the other received olive oil alone and served as a control. A normal group of rabbits fed plain chow diet plus olive oil was also included. At the end of the 28 days, samples from blood, aorta, heart, and coronary arteries were separated for biochemical and histopathological examination. Tissues from HypR aorta and coronaries developed major changes that include formation of large intimal plaques, endothelial gaps with marked accumulation of foam cells. Highly significant increases in serum triglycerides and malondialdehyde and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) in heart and aorta were also observed. Administration of NO‐aspirin markedly improved aortic and coronary architecture to almost normal appearance. NO‐aspirin also improved the antioxidant status in aorta and heart by increasing GSH levels and ameliorating malondialdehyde accumulation. These data support prophylactic use of NO‐aspirin in regression of atherosclerosis. Drug Dev. Res. 53:237–243, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Letter to the editor: Chronicle for an orphan trait: Comment on Hofer, Shair, Masmela, & Brunelli, “Developmental effects of selective breeding for an infantile trait: The rat pup ultrasonic isolation call”
Authors: Roubertoux Pierre L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHofer, Brunelli, Shair, and Masmela (2001) examined several behavioral and physiological measures in low, high, and unselected lines obtained from a divergent selection for ultrasound production (USP) in young rats. Although the response to selection was clear‐cut, few correlated responses appeared. This surprising result could be explained by two reasons. USP has polygenic correlates in this population, and most of the chromosomal regions that are linked with these measures only contribute to a small part of the genetic variance. Therefore, correlated responses to selection might exist, but the common genetic variance between the trait under selection and the indirectly selected trait is too small to be detected by a selective breeding strategy. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 251–254, 2001..
Twenty‐four‐hour‐old lambs rely more on maternal behavior than on the learning of individual characteristics to discriminate between their own and an alien mother
Authors: Terrazas A. , Nowak R. , Serafín N. , Ferreira G. , Lévy F. , Poindron P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLambs can discriminate their own mother from an alien dam on the first day of life, suggesting the recognition of individual physical characteristics of the mother. Alternatively, their choice may depend on behavioral differences existing between the ewes because of their maternal selectivity. To clarify this, the ability of 24‐hr‐old lambs to discriminate between their own and an alien mother, that were either intact and accept only their own lamb at nursing (i.e., selective, n = 19) or anosmic, which nurse indiscriminately alien lambs as well as their own (i.e., nonselective, n = 24), was assessed by a 5‐min, two‐choice test. With intact dams, lambs spent significantly more time next to their own mother whereas this was not so in the presence of anosmic dams. Furthermore, in the intact group, the vocal activity by their own mother differed from that by the alien dam while this was not so in anosmic ewes. We conclude that 24‐hr‐old lambs rely more on the behavior of the ewes to select their dam than on their individual physical characteristics. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 40: 408–418, 2002. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/dev.10041
Selective breeding for infant vocal response: A role for postnatal maternal effects?
Authors: Brunelli Susan A. , Hofer Myron A. , Weller Aron 
Published: August 2002

AbstractN:NIH rats were selectively bred on the basis of high or low rates of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) response to isolation at 10 days of age (Brunelli et al., 1997: Dev Psychobiol 31:255–265). To examine the possibility of postnatal maternal effects in the generational transmission of divergent traits, pups were cross‐fostered shortly after birth between dams of the two lines (Low‐ and High‐USV). Controls were fostered to dams of the same line (in‐fostered). Additional (population) control data were obtained from the entire 13th generation of the selectively bred lines. USV rates of cross‐fostered pups in each line were not significantly different from rates of in‐fostered pups of the same line. High USV line pups cross‐fostered to Low USV line dams weighed significantly less than in‐fostered pups, on the day of testing. The results provide no evidence for a postnatal maternal contribution to the USV phenotype. Prenatal and/or perinatal maternal effects have not been ruled out. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 221–228, 2001
Variation in reproductive traits is associated with short anogenital distance in female rats
Authors: Zehr Julia L. , Gans Susan E. , McClintock Martha K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAnogenital distance was used as a biomarker for natural variation in prenatal androgenization of female rats and was associated with individual differences in a suite of reproductive characteristics. Females with short anogenital distances were likely to have first vaginal estrus earlier than females with longer anogenital distances and to have first vaginal estrus on the same day as vaginal opening. In young adulthood, females with short anogenital distances had shorter ovarian cycles and less intense lordosis reflexes in response to manual palpation than those with longer anogenital distances, but only when living individually, not in groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that prenatal androgenization affects reproductive traits throughout the life span. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 38: 229–238, 2001
Social rearing conditions before weaning influence numbers and proportions of blood immune cells in laboratory rats
Authors: Stefanski Volker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe influence of the early social rearing environment on blood cellular immunity was investigated in the male offspring of Long‐Evans rats. Sons of females housed in pair groups (P‐males) and sons of females living in a mixed sex colony (C‐males) were studied. After weaning at the age of 21 days, offspring were housed individually to ensure identical experiences until the age of 100 days when immunological assessments were conducted. C‐males had significantly higher numbers of blood CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as higher numbers of granulocytes and monocytes than P‐males. In contrast, the number of B cells and NK cells was similar in P‐ and C‐males. T‐cell responsiveness to ConA, determined in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood assays, did not differ significantly between the two groups. The study indicates that the early social environment affects numbers and proportions of many blood immune cell subsets in later life. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 39: 46–52, 2001
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases leads to lethality in transgenic Xenopus laevis: Implications for tissue‐dependent functions of matrix metalloproteinases during late embryonic development
Authors: Damjanovski Sashko , Amano Tosikazu , Li Qing , Pei Duanqing , Shi Yun‐Bo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) functions as the structural support of cells and as a medium for cell–cell interactions. It is understood to play critical roles in development. ECM remodeling is mediated largely through the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of Zn2+‐dependent proteases capable of degrading various proteinaceous components of the ECM. MMPs are expressed in many developmental and pathologic processes. However, few studies have been carried out to investigate the function of MMPs during embryogenesis and postembryonic organogenesis. By using Xenopus development as a model system, we have previously shown that several MMP genes are expressed from neurulation to the completion of embryogenesis in distinct tissues/organs, suggesting that ECM remodeling during mid‐ to late embryogenesis occurs in an organ‐specific manner. By using the recently developed transgenic technology for Xenopus laevis, we overexpressed Xenopus MMPs stromelysin‐3 (ST3) and collagenase‐4 (Col4) under the control of a ubiquitous promoter and observed that embryos with overexpressed ST3 or Col4, but not the control green fluorescent protein (GFP), died in a dose‐dependent manner during late embryogenesis. The specificity of this embryonic lethal phenotype was confirmed by the failure of a catalytically inactive mutant of ST3 to affect development. Finally, overexpression of a mammalian membrane type‐MMP also led to late embryonic lethality in Xenopus embryos, suggesting that membrane type‐MMPs have functions in vivo for ECM remodeling, in addition to being activators of other pro‐MMPs. These data together with the developmental expression of several MMPs during Xenopus development, suggest that MMPs play important roles during mid‐ to late embryogenesis and that proper regulation of MMP genes is critical for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and localization of proteoglycans during limb myogenic activation
Authors: Olguin Hugo , Brandan Enrique 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAbstractAfter arriving at the limb bud, migrating myogenic precursor cells express transcription factors responsible for the induction of terminal skeletal muscle differentiation. One such factor is myogenin, a member of the basic helix‐loop‐helix family, known to activate the expression of muscle‐specific genes. The extracellular signals involved in activating the myogenic program in the muscle precursor cells that reach the limb in vivo are not known. However, in vitro, it has been shown that proteoglycans, macromolecules composed of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan chains, modulate the triggering of myogenin activity. To understand the role of proteoglycans during limb muscle development, we assessed the synthesis of proteoglycans in limb bud explants at 10.5 days post coitum, when migrating cells arrive, evaluated the expression and nature of these macromolecules during in vivo early limb bud formation, and determined the colocalization of myoblasts expressing myogenin with specific proteoglycans. We found that the expression of myogenin was temporally and spatially coincident with the expression of syndecan‐3 and decorin, two essential proteoglycans in the modulation of skeletal muscle differentiation. This article is the first report of myogenic activation and proteoglycan expression during limb muscle formation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pictographic method for teaching spelling to Greek dyslexic children
Authors: Mavrommati Th.D. , Miles T.R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the Greek orthography every letter consistently represents the same sound, but the same sound can be represented by different letters or pairs of letters. This makes spelling more difficult than reading. Two methods of teaching spelling to Greek dyslexic children are compared. The first involved pictograms (specially drawn pictures) for use when alternative spellings are possible. This is referred to as the ‘PICTO’ method. The second was in effect a combination of two traditional methods: the first involved the teaching of letter‐sound correspondences in a multisensory way; the second involved the use of concepts derived from linguistics, the children being taught the derivations of words and shown how the same root morphemes, derivative morphemes, etc., were cosistently represented by the same spelling pattern. This combination of methods is referred to as ‘TRAD’, signifying ‘traditional’. There were 72 subjects in the study, aged between 9 and 11 years. Four different teachers, each using both PICTO and TRAD, took part in the teaching sessions. The PICTO method proved considerably more effective; and possible reasons are suggested as to why this might be so. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.