bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel results obtained by freezing berry pseudorotation of phosphoranes (10‐P‐5)
Authors: Akiba Kin‐ya , Matsukawa Shiro , Kajiyama Kazumasa , Nakamoto Masaaki , Kojima Satoshi , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBy freezing Berry pseudorotation of spirophosphoranes with recourse to the rigidity of the Martin bidentate ligand, we successfully prepared configurationally stable enantiomeric pairs of optically active phosphoranes, and could isolate “anti‐apicophilic” C‐apical O‐equatorial (O‐cis) phosphoranes. The effect of σ*PO orbital of the O‐cis phosphorane was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. O‐cis phosphoranes were revealed to be much more electrophilic at the phosphorus atom than O‐trans isomers by experimental studies. The acidity of the α‐proton of an O‐cis benzylphosphorane was found to be higher than that of the corresponding O‐trans isomer. By the reaction of the α‐carbanion of an O‐cis benzylphosphorane with PhCHO, we succeeded in the first isolation and full structural characterization of a 12‐P‐6 phosphate bearing an oxaphosphetane ring, the intermediate in the Wittig type reaction using a 10‐P‐5 phosphorane. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:390–396, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10072
Unexpected conversions of selected heteroorganic compounds
Authors: Drabowicz Józef 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA few unexpected conversions of selected heteroorganic compounds are described, including the formation of N‐sulfonyl sulfenamide derivatives and the mixed phosphinyl‐sulfenyl anhydrides in the reactions of sulfinyl chlorides with α‐phenylethylamine or t‐butyl‐phenylphosphine oxide, respectively. Unexpected reactions of the ortho hydroxyalkyl‐substituted diaryl sulfoxides and hypervalent sulfur and selenium derivatives, induced by triphenylphosphine, are also presented. Attempts to rationalize the observed reaction courses are briefly discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:437–442, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10077
Efficient electrophilic and nucleophilic epoxidations utilizing a sulfonylperoxy radical and peroxysulfate species
Authors: Park Min Young , Yang Seung Gak , Kim Yong Hae 
Published: October 2002

AbstractReaction of superoxide anion radical (O2−·) with o‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride yields a o‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl peroxy radical with strong oxidizing ability, which is capable of oxidizing aryl methylene moieties to aryl ketones and relatively electron‐rich alkenes regioselectively to epoxides. The oxidizing species is tentatively attributed to the o‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl peroxy radical of structure 1. Tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate ((TBA)2S2O8, 2) was prepared by the reaction of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate with potassium peroxydisulfate. The epoxidation of enals and enones, such as α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes or ketones, was efficiently achieved with 2 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and base in acetonitrile or in methanol at 25°C. A base‐sensitive substrate, such as cinnamaldehyde, could be successfully epoxidized under mild reaction conditions and in short reaction time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:431–436, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10078
The benefits of switching smoking cessation drugs to over‐the‐counter status
Authors: Keeler Theodore E. , Hu Teh‐wei , Keith Alison , Manning Richard , Marciniak Martin D. , Ong Michael , Sung Hai‐Yen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of the benefits to society from the conversion of nicotine replacement drugs (nicotine patches and gum) in 1996 from sale by prescription only in the United States to over‐the‐counter (OTC) sales. To estimate these benefits, we first estimate statistical demand functions for nicotine patches and gum. Second, we calculate the effects of OTC conversion on sales of each type of nicotine replacement drug. Third, we survey the literature on the effects of nicotine replacement drugs on total quits of cigarette smoking. Fourth, we survey the literature on the effects of quits achieved on expected lifespan, and on the estimated monetary value of longer lives from smoking cessation. Finally, we use all this evidence to calculate the value of the social benefits of the OTC conversion to the US. As a result of the OTC conversion, consumption of nicotine replacement drugs has increased substantially, by 78–92% for nicotine patches and 180% for nicotine gum. We estimate that the resulting increase in smoking cessation generated annual net social benefits of the order of magnitude of $1.8–2 billion, based on conservative estimates both of the number of quits achieved and the value of added quality‐adjusted life years from the reduced smoking. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue: a framework for the marriage of health econometrics and cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hoch Jeffrey S. , Briggs Andrew H. , Willan Andrew R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractEconomic evaluation is often seen as a branch of health economics divorced from mainstream econometric techniques. Instead, it is perceived as relying on statistical methods for clinical trials. Furthermore, the statistic of interest in cost‐effectiveness analysis, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio is not amenable to regression‐based methods, hence the traditional reliance on comparing aggregate measures across the arms of a clinical trial. In this paper, we explore the potential for health economists undertaking cost‐effectiveness analysis to exploit the plethora of established econometric techniques through the use of the net‐benefit framework – a recently suggested reformulation of the cost‐effectiveness problem that avoids the reliance on cost‐effectiveness ratios and their associated statistical problems. This allows the formulation of the cost‐effectiveness problem within a standard regression type framework. We provide an example with empirical data to illustrate how a regression type framework can enhance the net‐benefit method. We go on to suggest that practical advantages of the net‐benefit regression approach include being able to use established econometric techniques, adjust for imperfect randomisation, and identify important subgroups in order to estimate the marginal cost‐effectiveness of an intervention. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula with a fascial free flap
Authors: Wein Richard O. , Popat Saurin R. , Watson Thomas , Orlando Gregory 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundFailure in the primary repair of a benign acquired tracheoesophageal fistula limits the operative options available at revision. Use of a fascial free flap to treat this condition has not been previously reported.MethodsWe review the case of a patient who had a tracheoesophageal fistula develop after percutaneous tracheostomy, who had failed previous primary repair with strap muscle interposition.ResultsA radial forearm fascial free flap was used at revision and resulted in resolution of the fistula.ConclusionUse of a fascial free flap to address a persistent acquired tracheoesophageal fistula, when an accompanying stenotic segment is not present, is a viable treatment option. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 609–613, 2002
Human papillomavirus infection and cyclin D1 gene amplification in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Biologic function and clinical significance
Authors: Almadori Giovanni , Galli Jacopo , Cadoni Gabriella , Bussu Francesco , Maurizi Maurizio 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is suspected to be a risk factor for head and neck, and in particular for laryngeal, carcinogenesis. Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) overexpression and amplification have been shown to play a role as prognostic factors in many human cancers, among which are head and neck cancers.MethodsA literature review of the role in head and neck cancers of HPV infection and CCND1 overexpression and amplification was undertaken. We have evaluated the extent of the current knowledge in this field under the light of recent acquisitions, in particular, about a correlation between HPV infection, a suspected risk factor, and CCND1 amplification, a frequent mutation (about 20% of laryngeal cancers) and a prognostic factor in laryngeal SCC.Results and DiscussionThe significant correlation between HPV infection and CCND1 amplification supports the hypothesis of the involvement of HPV infection in laryngeal carcinogenesis and suggests that HPV positive laryngeal cancers may constitute a different subset of tumors with a peculiar molecular pattern and thus with a different clinical behavior. HPV infection may be considered a synergistic risk factor with smoking and/or alcohol consumption to be investigated in heavy smokers and drinkers, thus contributing to the identification of patient at high‐risk for the development of laryngeal cancer who should undergo strict follow‐up and primary and secondary prevention. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 597–604, 2002
PCR detection of circulating tumor cells in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with distant metastasis: Effect of enzyme and sampling
Authors: Lin Jin‐Ching , Chen Kuang Y. , Wang Wen‐Yi , Jan Jian‐Sheng , Wei Yau‐Huei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high potential to develop distant metastasis after radiotherapy. Cytokeratin 19 (CK‐19) mRNA has been frequently used as a marker in the detection of circulating tumor cells of epithelial origin, but has rarely been investigated in NPC. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of blood sampling and different Taq DNA polymerase on the results of nested reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assay.MethodsPeripheral blood samples from a total of 37 NPC patients with well‐documented distant metastasis (M1) were collected before treatment. Eighteen patients had more than one blood sampling. Five different Taq DNA polymerases were used to test the blood from 17 patients. Peripheral blood of 37 nonmetastatic (M0) NPC patients was tested by the same nested RT‐PCR system using multiple Taq DNA polymerases to evaluate the impact of multienzyme assay in the prediction of subsequent distant metastasis.ResultsAmong M1 NPC patients, the accumulative positive rates of CK‐19 mRNA were 22.2%, 44.4%, 70.6%, 75.0%, and 80.0% when one, two, three, four, or five blood sampling were taken, respectively. The accumulative positive rates increased as the numbers of different enzymes increased—from 35.5% by one enzyme to 82.4% by five enzymes. Six of 37 M0 patients had distant metastasis develop after a median follow‐up time of 20 months. The detection sensitivity for four‐enzyme test (5 of 6 = 83.3%) is better than that of one‐enzyme test (2 of 6 = 33.3%).ConclusionsOur data demonstrate that multiple blood sampling or using multiple enzymes for nested RT‐PCR assay significantly enhances the sensitivity in the molecular diagnosis of NPC metastasis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 591–596, 2002
Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor receptor in adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland origin
Authors: Vered Marilena , Braunstein Efraim , Buchner Amos 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) are involved in the development of salivary gland tumors. Recently, treatment modalities for EGFR inhibition have shown an enhanced clinical response in carcinomas of different locations. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary gland origin is a malignant tumor with a poor long‐term outcome. If salivary gland ACC does exhibit EGFR, then immunotherapy could have a major impact on improving its prognosis.MethodsThe study consisted of 34 samples of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded specimens of salivary gland ACC. Specimens were stained with a mouse antihuman monoclonal antibody for immunohistochemical detection of EGFR. Overlying oral mucosa and adjacent normal salivary ducts served as internal controls. Both membrane and cytoplasmic staining were evaluated. Staining score was calculated by multiplying the percentage of positively stained tumor cells by the intensity of the staining. The highest score for a given tumor was equal to 2.ResultsIn the final analysis, 27 of the 34 specimens were included; 7 were excluded, because the internal control did not reveal any staining. Of these 27 specimens, 23 (85%) stained positively for EGFR with a staining score of 0.05 to 1.8. Three palatal tumors attained the highest scores (one tumor, 1.2, and the remaining two, 1.8).ConclusionsMost salivary gland ACC stained positively for EGFR, and in some the staining was quite intense. On the basis of the already proven antitumoral effect of agents acting as EGFR inhibitors, it is suggested that patients with ACC might benefit from these agents, especially when surgery has failed or in those with recurrent or metastatic disease. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 632–636, 2002
Percutaneous tracheostomy with the guide wire dilating forceps technique: Presentation of 171 consecutive patients
Authors: Fikkers Bernard G. , van Heerbeek Niels , Krabbe Paul F. M. , Marres Henri A. M. , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) with the guide wire dilating forceps (GWDF) technique.MethodsProspective study of perioperative complications, retrospective analysis of early and late complications in an ICU in a teaching university hospital.ResultsThe success rate of the procedure was 96.5%. The average procedure time in 171 consecutive patients was 5.0 min. Perioperative complications requiring surgical or medical intervention occurred in 6.4% of 171 patients. This included conversion to surgical tracheostomy, which was necessary in six patients (3.5%). Major complications while being cannulated occurred in 2.4% of 164 patients but seemed mostly unrelated with the GWDF technique itself. Late complications (after decannulation) were mostly minor and occurred in 22.6% of 106 patients. Only one patient (0.9%) had a symptomatic tracheal stenosis developed.ConclusionPercutaneous tracheostomy with the guide wire dilating forceps technique is easy to perform at the bedside with few late complications. However, in our study, perioperative and immediate postoperative bleeding complications (minor and major) occur quite often. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 625–631, 2002
Soluble Tie‐2 receptor levels independently predict locoregional recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Homer Jarrod J. , Greenman John , Drevs Joachim , Marme Dieter , Stafford Nicholas D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed two circulating angiogenic receptors as tumor markers in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): soluble vascular endothelial factor growth receptor‐1 (sVEGFR1) and soluble Tie‐2 receptor (sTie2R).MethodsSera from 79 newly presenting patients with HNSCC and from 22 controls were assayed using sandwich ELISA. Median follow‐up was 35 months after curative treatment. Analysis was carried out to compare levels between HNSCC patients and controls and to ascertain relationships with clinicopathologic and outcome variables.ResultsSoluble VEGFR1 was not elevated in the HNSCC group and was not related to any of the clinicopathologic or outcome variables. Soluble Tie2R was also not elevated in HNSCC patients or related to the clinicopathologic variables but was associated with locoregional recurrence (p = .009). Raised sTie2R (>64 ng/mL) independently predicted recurrence (p = .007) with a relative risk of 3.0 (95% CI, 1.7–5.0).ConclusionsSoluble Tie2R is an independent predictor of locoregional recurrence in HNSCC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 773–778, 2002
Effects of lesions to the hippocampus or the fornix on allocentric conditional associative learning in rats
Authors: Sziklas V. , Petrides M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRats with lesions of the fornix, the hippocampus, or normal control animals were trained on a visual‐spatial conditional associative learning task in which they had to learn to go to a particular location based on the presence of a specific visual cue; the rats approached the cues from different directions. Animals with damage of the fornix were able to learn the task at a rate comparable to that of the control animals. The performance of the hippocampal rats was significantly impaired as compared with the control group. Both the fornix and the hippocampal animals were significantly impaired on a spatial working memory task, the eight‐arm radial maze. These findings suggest that, under certain conditions, a functional dissociation exists between the effects of damage to the fornix or the hippocampus and that the fornix may be only selectively involved in spatial learning and memory. Hippocampus 2002;12:543–550. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature response in an absorbing medium caused by a laser pulse
Authors: Tan Heping , Xia Xinlin , Ruan Liming , Liu Linhua , Yu Qizheng 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe present study introduces the expression of the radiative source term in an absorbing and emitting medium, which is caused by the collimated incidence of radiation on boundary surfaces. Three different optical characteristics of the boundary surfaces are considered: (1) both opaque, (2) both semitransparent, and (3) one opaque and the other semitransparent. The study conducted numerical simulation for the excess temperature responses at the incident surface and the nonincident one of a semitransparent medium, which is irradiated by a short‐time laser pulse. The variables affecting the temperature response include the wavelength of the irradiating laser pulse, the spectral properties of the medium, the optical characteristics of the boundary surfaces, a reference temperature, and a thermal diffusivity. The results show that considerable deviations may be produced if the Planck or Rosseland mean‐absorption coefficient is employed to treat a nongray medium. Thus, it is suggested that spectral band models be used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 331–343, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10040
Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from an inclined heated plate using rectangular grids
Authors: Sasaki Shigeyuki , Ashiwake Noriyuki 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effect of an inclination angle on the natural convection heat transfer from an inclined heated plate with rectangular grids is investigated. Heat transfer coefficients are measured in air when the plates are inclined at angles from −30 to +60 from a vertical plane, grid heights are in the range of 5 to 10 mm, and diagonal lengths of the grid are 25, 50, 100, and 200 mm. For each configuration, the surface heat flux ranges from 50 to 200 W/m2. It is found that the rectangular grids increase local heat transfer coefficients when the grids are applied to an inclined plate. The rectangular grids increase the average heat transfer coefficients along the horizontal centerline of the plate by up to 20% compared to those coefficients of a smooth plate, even when the angles of inclination are ±30° © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 408–419, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10043
Natural convection heat transfer in an anisotropic porous cavity heated from side (2nd report, experiment using a Hele‐Shaw cell)
Authors: Kimura Shigeo , Okajima Atsushi , Kiwata Takahiro 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNatural convection heat transfer and flow structure in an anisotropic porous medium of square cavity saturated with a Boussinesq fluid has been studied experimentally using a Hele‐Shaw cell. The permeability ratio defined by K = Ky/Kx was set to three different values: 0.4, 1, and 2.5. The convection patterns at the three permeability ratios are visualized at several different Rayleigh numbers by a pH indicator method. When K is 0.25, the visualized flow is mainly in the vertical direction. On the contrary, for K = 4 the convecting flow is in the horizontal direction. The average heat transfer coefficients are also measured, and the corresponding Nusselt numbers are plotted as a function of K. It is found that the corresponding Nusselt numbers are correlated with (KRa)1/2. The experimental results of the flow pattern and heat transfer are in good agreement with those obtained by our previous theory. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 463–474, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10046
Quasi‐static and chaotic characteristics of the natural convection field between concentric vertical annuli
Authors: Ishida Hideshi , Gomi Manabu , Kimoto Hideo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study unsteady and chaotic characteristics of thermal convection fields between concentric annuli were experimentally examined, and they were compared with those reported in a vertical slot. The inner cylinder was heated by an embedded heater and the outer one was cooled by temperature‐controlled cold water, and 84 wt% glycerol‐water solution was used for the present test liquid. The main results are as follows: (1) The region where the characteristic frequency of temperature fluctuation is detected is located in the upper portion of the region where the secondary cells exist. (2) The time scale of the temperature change at which the autocorrelation coefficient becomes 1/e is relatively small in the secondary‐cell region, and this corresponds to the result of the natural convection field in a vertical slot. (3) The significant chaotic characteristics of temperature fluctuation are observed in almost the same region where the characteristic frequency of temperature fluctuation is detected, and this also corresponds to the results on the vertical slot. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 486–497, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10048
Evaporating characteristics of a microlayer under a bubble
Authors: Li C.H. , Peng X.F. , Li Z.M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUsing the Hallinan‐Ervin model, the flow and evaporation in a bubble microlayer were theoretically analyzed, and the dryout characteristics and Staub's criterion were discussed in detail. It was revealed that the critical dryout radius is associated with the wettability of the heated surface, and that the dominant role for microlayer evaporation is disjoining pressure, not surface tension gradient. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(6): 456–462, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10052