bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DSM‐IV ‘minor depression’ disorder in the oldest‐old: prevalence rate, sleep patterns, memory function and quality of life in elderly people of Italian descent in Southern Brazil
Authors: Xavier Flávio M. F. , Ferraza Marcos P. T. , Argimon Irani , Trentini Clarissa M. , Poyares Dalva , Bertollucci Paulo H. , Bisol Luisa W. , Moriguchi Emilio H. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectives(1) To describe the prevalence of minor depression in a community‐dwelling population aged 80 years and over. (2) To compare the sleep pattern, memory function and the prevalence rate of other psychiatric diagnoses between normal controls and subjects with minor depressive disorder.DesignA random representative sample (sample = 77 subjects/county population of oldest‐old = 219—35%) aged 80 years or more was selected from the county of Veranópolis in the Brazilian rural southern region. Of this group, eight subjects who met the DSM‐IV criteria for minor depression, and 50 subjects without diagnosed delirium disorder, cognitive or affective problems were compared.ResultsThe prevalence rate of minor depression was 12%. Subjects with this diagnosis were more likely to complain about sleep and memory problems than elderly people without any other affective disorder (major depression or dysthymic disorder). Otherwise, objective evaluation of these two areas, memory and sleep, did not show differences between the groups. Moreover, in terms of factors such as life satisfaction and some domains from the Short‐form 36 Quality of Life Scale (SF‐36), subjects with minor depression presented worse self‐reported evaluations. Female gender was associated (p = 0.01) with a more frequent presence of minor depression disorder, and those with this diagnosis were more likely to have co‐morbidity with generalized anxiety disorder (p = 0.007) when compared with elderly people without any depressive disorder.ConclusionIn this study, minor depression has been significantly associated with lower life satisfaction and worse indexes of life quality. The results supported the current concept that minor depression is prevalent in later life, especially among the oldest‐old. Subjects with minor depression had worse self‐reported opinions about memory and sleep patterns, but when these variables were objectively measured, no meaningful differences could be determined by the research team. Female gender and the concurring presence of generalized anxiety disorder were both significantly associated with the presence of minor depression diagnosis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of the Spanish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS) in primary care
Authors: Fernández‐San Martín M. I. , Andrade C. , Molina J. , Muñoz P. E. , Carretero B. , Rodríguez M. , Silva A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the predictive value of the 30‐question Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in Spanish and calculate the most adequate cut‐point for its use in Primary Health Care consultations.Method218 patients over the age of 64 treated at three health centers of Area 10 in Madrid were selected. In the first phase, the subjects completed the GDS, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a questionnaire on health and socio‐demographic variables. They were later interviewed using the Geriatric Mental Schedule (GMS), used as the gold standard by doctors who were unaware of the results of the GDS. Two categories were contemplated according to the results of the GMS: cases of depression (diagnosis of psychotic or neurotic depression) and non‐psychiatric cases (no psychiatric diagnosis, although isolated symptoms could be present).Results192 aged subjects were interviewed using the GDS and the GMS. Of these, 103 were considered ‘non‐cases of depression’ and 60 others made up the ‘cases of psychotic/neurotic depression’ group. For the most effective cut‐point (9/10), sensitivity was 86.7% and specificity 63.1%. Considering a prevalence of depression of 30%, the predictive value for positives was 50.2% and for negatives 91.7%. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.82, and the area below the ROC curve obtained was 0.85. Those patients with cognitive deterioration had a mean GDS score similar to those that did not present deterioration (11.16 vs 10.52; p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe Geriatric Depression Scale is valid as a screening test in Primary Care consultations due to its high sensitivity and negative predictive value. The most effective Spanish GDS cut‐point (9/10) is lower than that obtained in the original English version (10/11). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective non‐response to clinical assessment in the longitudinal study of aging: implications for estimating population levels of cognitive function and dementia
Authors: Anstey Kaarin J. , Luszcz Mary A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the cognitive outcome of interviewed participants who did not progress to partake in clinical assessments in a longitudinal aging study.DesignA retrospective study was conducted on participants who were interviewed but who did not complete the clinical assessment (including an extended cognitive assessment) at either Wave 1 or both Wave 1 and Wave 3 of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. A total of 1947 participants aged 70 and older commenced the study, 246 participants without clinical data at either or both Waves 1 and 3 were identified for the sub‐sample followed‐up retrospectively. The Informant Questionnaire for Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) was administered to informants and medical records were reviewed.ResultsParticipants who did not complete the clinical assessment at Wave 3 reported poorer health and had poorer cognitive function at Wave 1 independent of age and gender. Rates of possible dementia or cognitive decline were higher in the group who did not undertake the clinical assessment compared with both those who did the clinical assessment and with population data.ConclusionSelective non‐response to clinical assessment in a longitudinal aging study is associated with higher risk of cognitive decline and probable dementia. Longitudinal aging studies may underestimate rates of dementia and population levels of cognitive decline. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial independent component analysis of functional MRI time‐series: To what extent do results depend on the algorithm used?
Authors: Esposito Fabrizio , Formisano Elia , Seifritz Erich , Goebel Rainer , Morrone Renato , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Di Salle Francesco 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIndependent component analysis (ICA) has been successfully employed to decompose functional MRI (fMRI) time‐series into sets of activation maps and associated time‐courses. Several ICA algorithms have been proposed in the neural network literature. Applied to fMRI, these algorithms might lead to different spatial or temporal readouts of brain activation. We compared the two ICA algorithms that have been used so far for spatial ICA (sICA) of fMRI time‐series: the Infomax (Bell and Sejnowski [1995]: Neural Comput 7:1004–1034) and the Fixed‐Point (Hyvärinen [1999]: Adv Neural Inf Proc Syst 10:273–279) algorithms. We evaluated the Infomax‐ and Fixed Point‐based sICA decompositions of simulated motor, and real motor and visual activation fMRI time‐series using an ensemble of measures. Log‐likelihood (McKeown et al. [1998]: Hum Brain Mapp 6:160–188) was used as a measure of how significantly the estimated independent sources fit the statistical structure of the data; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and linear correlation analyses were used to evaluate the algorithms' accuracy of estimating the spatial layout and the temporal dynamics of simulated and real activations; cluster sizing calculations and an estimation of a residual gaussian noise term within the components were used to examine the anatomic structure of ICA components and for the assessment of noise reduction capabilities. Whereas both algorithms produced highly accurate results, the Fixed‐Point outperformed the Infomax in terms of spatial and temporal accuracy as long as inferential statistics were employed as benchmarks. Conversely, the Infomax sICA was superior in terms of global estimation of the ICA model and noise reduction capabilities. Because of its adaptive nature, the Infomax approach appears to be better suited to investigate activation phenomena that are not predictable or adequately modelled by inferential techniques. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:146–157, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neural basis of prosopagnosia: An fMRI study
Authors: Hadjikhani Nouchine , de Gelder Beatrice 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBrain imaging research has identified at least two regions in human extrastriate cortex responding selectively to faces. One of these is located in the mid‐fusiform gyrus (FFA), the other in the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG). We studied activation of these areas using fMRI in three individuals with severely impaired face recognition (one pure developmental and two childhood prosopagnosics). None of the subjects showed the normal pattern of higher fMRI activity to faces than to objects in the FFA and IOG or elsewhere. Moreover, in two of the patients, faces and objects produced similar activations in the regions corresponding to where the FFA and IOG are found in normal subjects. Our study casts light on the important role of FFA and IOG in the network of areas involved in face recognition, and indicates limits of brain plasticity. Hum. Brain Mapping 16:176–182, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A development framework for promoting evidence‐based policy action: drawing on experiences in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hornby P. , Perera H. S. R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMost developing countries have embarked on one form or another of ‘health sector reform’ as a result of the global trend for health and health care reform that has emerged during the past decade. One consequence is that the issue of health sector performance is moving higher on the agenda of many developing countries, and particularly that of the corporate performance of health sector staff. Along with this movement has come increased attention to strengthening evidence‐based management decision‐making. To date, studies on measuring health sector performance, have had little impact on developing country health systems and have been limited to explorations primarily at an operational level. However, there is a growing recognition that there is a need to strengthen the policy function of ministries and their ability to monitor policy impact. Sri Lanka is one country that has identified the need to strengthen policy at national level. Many developing countries, like Sri Lanka, are familiar with input, process and output dimensions of operational performance. However, most are not ready to engage in routine performance assessment that can strengthen policy processes at national level. This paper explores (1) the implication and the use of indicators to support evidence based policy decision‐making, and (2) the complexity of doing so in Ministries of Health that are undergoing some form of health sector reform.The paper emphasizes that new forms of organizational support are required for performance management at policy level. A conceptual framework for managing the collection and use of performance evidence is developed, including proposals for the introduction of outcome indicators into that process. The paper concludes with recommendations on initiatives required to develop appropriate organizational and technical capacity to engage with performance management at policy level and for further research towards creating ministries of health as ‘learning organizations’ that can change and adapt with informed decisions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systems approach to measuring return on investment for HRD interventions
Authors: Wang Greg G. , Dou Zhengxia , Li Ning 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis study contributes to the limited methodological literature on HRD program evaluation and measurement.
The study explores an interdisciplinary approach for return on investment (ROI) measurement
in human resource development (HRD) research and practices. On the basis of a comprehensive review
and analysis of relevant studies in economics, industrial‐organizational psychology, financial control,
and HRD fields, we developed a systems approach to quantitatively measure ROI for HRD programs. The ROI concept
for HRD field was defined, and a theoretical systems framework was developed. The applicability of using
statistical and mathematical operations to determine ROI and isolate non‐HRD program impacts is
discussed. Application scenarios are presented to demonstrate the utility of the systems approach in
real‐world ROI measurement for HRD interventions.
Clinical risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Berardi Domenico , Dell'Atti Maddalena , Amore Mario , De Ronchi Diana , Ferrari Giuseppe 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPharmacological risk factors for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are better defined than clinical risk factors. We examined the psychopathological status preceding the onset of NMS in 20 patients. We evaluated four key psychiatric symptoms (psychomotor agitation, catatonia, disorganization and confusion) and grouped them into definite clinical syndromes. Six patients presented with an acute and severe catatonic syndrome, with all the four key psychiatric symptoms. Twelve patients presented with an acute and severe disorganized psychotic episode, with two or three key psychiatric symptoms, but not catatonia. Our study suggests that a clinical syndrome of acute disorganization, in addition to acute catatonia, is a potential clinical risk factor for NMS. The two syndromes, which can occur in the context of different mental disorders, are related to each other as both implicate alteration in behavioural monitoring, and were, in our experience, unresponsive to neuroleptics. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the recognition of these two syndromes should reduce NMS occurrence. We recommend a judicious use of neuroleptics not only in patients with acute catatonia, but also in patients with acute disorganization. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucuronidation of olanzapine by cDNA‐expressed human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases and human liver microsomes
Authors: Linnet Kristian 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOlanzapine is a widely used, newer antipsychotic agent, which is metabolized by various pathways: hydroxylation and N‐demethylation by cytochrome P450, N‐oxidation by flavin monooxygenase and direct glucuronidation. In vivo studies have pointed towards the latter pathway as being of major importance. Accordingly, the glucuronidation reaction was studied in vitro using cDNA‐expressed human UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and a pooled human liver microsomal preparation (HLM). Glucuronidated olanzapine was determined by HPLC after acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. The following UGT‐isoenzymes were screened for their ability to glucuronidate olanzapine: 1A1, 1A3, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9, 2B7 and 2B15. Only UGT1A4 was able to glucuronidate olanzapine obeying saturation kinetics. The Km value was 227 μmol/l (SE 43), i.e. of the same order of magnitude as for other psychotropic drugs, and the Vmax value was 2370 pmol/(min mg) (SE 170). Glucuronidation was also mediated by the HLM preparation, but a saturation level was not reached. The olanzapine glucuronidation reaction was inhibited by several drugs known as substrates for UGT1A4, e.g. amitriptyline, trifluoperazine and lamotrigine. Thus, competition for glucuronidation by UGT1A4 represents a possibility for drug–drug interactions in subjects receiving several of these psychotropic drugs at the same time. Whether such possible interactions are of any clinical importance may await further studies in patients. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grid‐cell‐based crop water accounting for the famine early warning system
Authors: Verdin James , Klaver Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRainfall monitoring is a regular activity of food security analysts for sub‐Saharan Africa due to the potentially disastrous impact of drought. Crop water accounting schemes are used to track rainfall timing and amounts relative to phenological requirements, to infer water limitation impacts on yield. Unfortunately, many rain gauge reports are available only after significant delays, and the gauge locations leave large gaps in coverage. As an alternative, a grid‐cell‐based formulation for the water requirement satisfaction index (WRSI) was tested for maize in Southern Africa. Grids of input variables were obtained from remote sensing estimates of rainfall, meteorological models, and digital soil maps. The spatial WRSI was computed for the 1996–97 and 1997–98 growing seasons. Maize yields were estimated by regression and compared with a limited number of reports from the field for the 1996–97 season in Zimbabwe. Agreement at a useful level (r = 0·80) was observed. This is comparable to results from traditional analysis with station data. The findings demonstrate the complementary role that remote sensing, modelling, and geospatial analysis can play in an era when field data collection in sub‐Saharan Africa is suffering an unfortunate decline. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A regional model of low flow for southern Taiwan
Authors: Yu Pao‐Shan , Yang Tao‐Chang , Liu Chi‐Wen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe primary purpose of this study is to develop regional models of the lower part of flow duration curves (LPFDCs) to synthesize low‐flow characteristics at ungauged sites in southern Taiwan. Because of the close relationship between low streamflow regimes and hydrogeological features, the model development first involved delimiting homogeneous hydrogeological regions by using two‐step cluster analysis. Each homogeneous region was then discriminated by an equation developed on the basis of its hydrogeological features, which was then used to determine which of three sets of regional LPFDC models would be appropriate for a particular ungauged site. Each of the three sets of regional LPFDC models were developed using both conventional multivariate statistical regression and fuzzy regression. Thirty‐four stream‐gauged watersheds located in southern Taiwan provide the data set. The study results reveal that the regional LPFDC models developed in this study could be applied reasonably at ungauged sites. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential production of angiostatin by concomitant antitumoral resistance‐inducing cancer cells
Authors: Binda M. Mercedes , Matar Pablo , González Alejandro D. , Rozados Viviana R. , Gervasoni Silvia I. , Scharovsky O. Graciela , Bonfil R. Daniel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe phenomenon by which tumor‐bearing hosts are capable of inhibiting secondary tumor implants or metastases, known as concomitant antitumoral resistance (CAR), is presumably due to antiangiogenesis at places distant from the primary tumor. Although angiostatin, a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, has been reported to be one of the factors responsible for suppressing the growth of secondary tumors in mice bearing previous tumors, it has not been definitively proven yet. With the aim of investigating whether CAR‐inducing cancer cells display a differential angiostatin production and to support the role ascribed to that molecule concerning the inhibition of secondary tumor implants, 5 tumor models with different CAR‐inducing capacities were studied herein. One of the 2 human lung cancer cell lines analyzed revealed a strong CAR against secondary s.c. tumor implants in nude mice, and 2 of 3 of the murine mammary tumors used exhibited inhibitory effect on secondary s.c. and i.v. tumor inoculations in syngeneic hosts. Since angiostatin is a proteolytic fragment from plasminogen, we examined by Western blot the ability of all conditioned media collected from the tumor cells studied to convert plasminogen to angiostatin. An association between in vivo generation of CAR and in vitro conversion of plasminogen into angiostatin was found. Since different enzymatic mechanisms were described to explain the generation of angiostatin, we also studied gelatinase and urokinase‐type plasminogen activator secretion in conditioned media by zymography. The conversion of plasminogen into angiostatin by conditioned media was mainly inhibited by broad‐spectrum serine proteinase inhibitors, suggesting a possible role for 1 or more enzymes of that group in the process. These findings suggest the existence of a differential angiostatin generation by CAR‐inducing cancer cells, providing additional support to previous data obtained by other authors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of MUC1 splice variants in benign and malignant ovarian tumours
Authors: Obermair Andreas , Schmid Bernd C. , Packer Leisl M. , Leodolter Sepp , Birner Peter , Ward Bruce G. , Crandon Alex J. , McGuckin Michael A. , Zeillinger Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMUC1 is expressed on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. Nine different splice variants of MUC1 have been described, but no study has reported on the expression of MUC1 isoforms in human ovarian cancer. Our study compares patterns of expression of MUC1 splice variants of malignant and benign ovarian tumours. Ovarian tissue samples were taken from patients with benign ovarian tumours (n = 34) and from patients who had surgery for primary (n = 47) or recurrent (n = 8) ovarian cancer. RT‐PCR for MUC1 splice variants A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, REP and SEC was performed and their expression compared to clinical and histopathologic parameters. Variants A, D, X, Y and Z were more frequently expressed in malignant than in benign tumours. All primary ovarian cancer cases were positive for variant REP but negative for variant SEC. No significant association of the expression of MUC1 splice variants with the response to chemotherapy or patient survival could be demonstrated. Expression of MUC1 splice variants A, D, X, Y, Z and REP is associated with the presence of malignancy, whereas expression of MUC1/SEC is associated with the absence of malignancy. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clonality of multifocal urothelial carcinomas: 10 years of molecular genetic studies
Authors: Hafner Christian , Knuechel Ruth , Stoehr Robert , Hartmann Arndt 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMultifocal occurrence and frequent recurrence are characteristic features of urothelial carcinomas of both the urinary bladder and the upper urinary tract. To describe the clonal nature of these tumors, 2 theories have been proposed. The monoclonality hypothesis describes the multiple tumors as descendants of a single genetically transformed cell spreading throughout the urothelium. In contrast, field cancerization caused by carcinogen exposure of the urothelium may lead to independent development of synchronous or metachronous nonrelated tumors at different sites of the urothelial tract. In the last 10 years, a multitude of molecular genetic studies have investigated the clonality of multifocal urothelial carcinomas. The majority of studies revealed a monoclonal origin of the multiple tumors. However, most of these studies investigated advanced invasive carcinomas. A small but significant proportion of multifocal urothelial carcinomas appear to arise from different clones, supporting the field‐cancerization hypothesis. Oligoclonal tumors might be more common in precursor lesions and early tumor stages. The frequent monoclonality found in patients with advanced tumors could be due to outgrowth of 1 tumor cell clone with specific genetic alterations. Two important mechanisms appear to be important for the spread of malignant cells: intraluminal seeding and intraepithelial migration. Investigation of the entire urothelial lining in patients with urothelial tumors should provide further insight into the development of multifocal urothelial carcinomas. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.