bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Identity as Moral Philosophy: Competitive Implications for Diversified Corporations
Authors: Barney Jay B , Stewart Alice C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that organizational identity (01) can, in some circumstances, be a source of competitive advantage for firms. This chapter also argues that, as the level of diversification in a corporation increases, 01 must be defined in increasingly abstract terms. One way firms can define an abstract identity is as moral philosophy-statements of right and wrong around which employees can rally and which can influence a broad range of business decisions. In this sense, 01 as moral philosophy can become a source of sustained competitive advantage for firms.
Markets and Meanings: Re-Imagining Organizational Life
Authors: Gay Paul du 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
According to the French philosopher and cultural theorist Gilles Deleuze (1992: 6), ‘marketing has become the soul of the corporation’ .1 A provocative statement certainly, but one that, at first sight, appears to founder upon the rock of empirical verification. In the UK, for example, marketing, along with other dis ciplines of symbolic expertise such as design and communication, still seems to suffer a subordinate professional and organizational status in comparison to that enjoyed by the expertise of finance, production, and accounting (Armstrong 1989). However, to dismiss Deleuze on these grounds alone could be a mistake, for might there not be developments afoot that, amongst many other things, are in the process of problematizing traditional hierarchies of organizational expertise? Certainly, many contemporary programmes of organizational reform contain an explicit critique of finance and accounting, for example.
Self-Absorption and Self-Seduction the Corporate Identity Game
Authors: Christensen Lars Thoger , Cheney George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Contemporary organizations are-no matter what sector they occupy or what products or services they produce-in the communication business-that is, in the business of expressing themselves deliberately in their environments. And for good reasons. The market of today seems to be demanding well crafted identities, identities that are able to stand out and break through the clutter. At the same time, organizations are expected to be able to adapt, modify, or radically alter their identities at a moment’s notice. As a consequence, organizations are investing more resources than ever in articulating, expressing, and celebrating their identities. But who is listening to them? And who really cares about the careful and, often, detailed considerations behind these organizational efforts? In a world saturated with corporate symbols asserting uniqueness and calling for attention and interest, such questions are important to ask not only for academic reasons but also because they invite organizations to reconsider radically the role that their formal communication campaigns play in the market of symbols and messages of today.
The Immigrant Niche in Global City-Regions: Concept, Patterns, Controversy
Authors: Waldinger Roger 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As America enters the twenty-first century, it is now clear that the twentieth was the century of immigration. True, the doors closed in the mid-1920s-and for many, especially during the dark days of World War II, they remained fatally shut until it was too late. But even during the heyday of immigration restriction, the back door remained open, which means that the Mexican presence also then grew. However, the advent of a temporary migrant farm labor program in 1943-known as the Bracero program-augured the shape of things to come: immigration began growing in the late 1940s, and the path has been ever upwards, indeed at an ever sharper slope. At the end of the century, the numbers of newcomers added up to the fiow seen at the century’s dawn.
Governing Cities and Regions: Territorial Restructuring in a Global Age
Authors: Keating Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the most striking features of the late twentieth century world is the rise of cities and regions as important spaces and as actors in national and global politics. This is all the more remarkable in that it defies the wisdom of generations of modernization theorists who argued that there was an inexorable trend to inte gration within consolidated nation-states. Equally it calls into question some of the theories of globalization. Both modernists and postmodernists have argued that globalization and European integration will mark the “end of territory” (Badie 1995), superseding both the nation-state and the territorial units within it. In a world of instant communication, free trade, frictionless capital fiows, and global culture, this would seem a logical outcome. Yet once again the integrationists have been confounded. Instead of a homogeneous world order, we are faced with a resurgence of regionalist movements, minority nationalisms, and the renais sance of cities as global actors. Observers have ceased to regard this conjunction of globalization and regionalization as a paradox and to appreciate that both are related to each other as the nation-state faces twin pressures from above and below. Political, economic, and social space is restructuring, at various territorial levels and new types of regulation are emerging.
State Representatives To International Organizations
Authors: Watts Sir Arthur 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The position in international law of diplomats (Chapters 3 and 6), consuls (Chapter 4), and special ad hoc missions (Chapter 5) has its roots in older and relatively wellestablished practices for the representation of States in their official dealings with other States. By contrast, only in modern times have States needed to consider the position of their representatives to international organisations, and the position of those organisations and their officials in relation to States (both those which arc members of the organisation in question and those which are not).
The Effect of Rights on Political Culture
Authors: Koskenniemi Martti 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I wish to make two arguments. First, while the rhetoric of human rights has historically had a positive and liberating effect on societies, once rights become institutionalized as a central part of political and administrative culture, they lose their transformative effect and are petrified into a legalistic paradigm that marginalizes values or interests that resist translation into rights-language. In this way, the liberal principle of the ‘priority of the right over the good’ results in a colonization of political culture by a technocratic language that leaves no room for the articulation or realization of conceptions of the good.
A Human Rights Policy for the European Community and Union: The Question of Competences
Authors: Weiler I H H , Fries Sybilla C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The question of Community competences in the field of human rights came back into sharp focus with the publication of the Proposal for a Council Regulation (EC) on the development and consolidation of democracy and the rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, submitted by the Commission on 24 July 1997. It was followed, in October of that same year, by an Opinion of the Legal Service of the Council on this proposal, a restricted document which, however, was widely leaked and circulated. The exchange is by now obsolete. First, the Commission and Council reached a cosy, don’t ask don’t tell, compromise reflected in an amended set of Commission proposals. The Commission would get the sizeable funds it required to spread the good word of human rights; so long as the Commission formally accepted a legal regime which would expunge any official reference to a Community human rights policy relating to any activity in and by the Member States, the Council would not ask how exactly the Commission was spending the money and turn a blind eye even to funding instances which egregiously contravened that very policy.
From Strasbourg to Amsterdam: Prospects for the Convergence of European Social Rights Policy
Authors: Sciarra Silvana 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The main purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the persistent circulation within the European Union of international labour standards which are either inherent in the cultural and legal traditions of Member States or have become a relevant part thereof because of the slow and yet penetrating influence of international organizations. This argument will be developed in order to show that the interdependence of international legal sources is one of the many variables characterizing the construction and consolidation of social rights within the European Union. The existence of different levels of decision-making, whereby nation States strenuously defend the competence, and indeed the better ability, of domestic legislatures to intervene in social matters, is a significant sign of the specificity and perhaps of the unpredictability of European integration in this field.
The Role of the European Parliament: Past and Future
Authors: Rack Reinhard , Lausegger Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews the work of the European Parliament in the field of human rights both within and outside the European Union and provides some proposals for improvements.’ Parliament, as the only democratically elected Community institution, has long deemed itself to have a particular vocation for the promotion of human rights—even prior to the first direct elections in 1979-and, over the years, it has developed its own policy approach in this field. As human rights were not of primary concern in the early stages of the European Communities, this provided an opportunity for Parliament to bring human rights within its own sphere of influence, as it regarded human rights protection as an essential part of the activities of the European Union. There was a special reason for Parliament’s activities in this field: by making human rights a sphere of activity, and by linking them to other policies, the European Parliament could expand its powers and responsibilities to topics which did not actually fall within its normal remit. A good example of this is the role played by Parliament in the introduction of the policy of conditionality, on which it has exerted a major influence.
Enforcement of Judgments in Europe
Authors: Kennett W A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The idea of a European Judicial Area has gathered force since the negotiation of the Amsterdam Treaty amending the TEU and conferring competence on the European Community in relation to measures of ‘judicial cooperation’. One of the areas targeted for rapid attention is improvement in the recognition and enforcement of civil judgments in Europe - with plans for the mutual recognition of judgments. This book (i) explains the significance of the fact that judicial cooperation now falls within the EC Treaty; (ii) sets out the background of measures and proposals which will form the basis for further work by the European Commission in developing legislative proposals; (iii) compares the enforcement frameworks of selected national laws (England, Germany, France, Sweden, Spain); (iv) examines in detail the existing position in relation to key enforcement issues (obtaining information about a debtor’s assets, provisional and protective measures, service of documents, exequatur, transfrontier garnishee orders and the transfrontier enforcement of injunctions) under the selected national laws and European/international instruments; and (v) assesses the scope for improvements in collaboration between Member States and the obstacles that may impede harmonisation. The book will provide an invaluable source of reference for practitioners and policy-makers, and will also be of assistance as a starting point for those who want to engage in further comparative research on the topics covered.
Globalization and the Right to :Development
Authors: Orford Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The changes to the international system that have taken place since the break up of the Soviet Union have significantly altered the capacity of international law to protect and promote human rights. In particular, the increase in the speed and scale of trade and financial liberalization poses major challenges to international human rights law. Developments such as the Asian financial crisis, protests about the impact of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the controversy surrounding the negotiation of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment, the activities of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank and the re-emergence in many states of economic nationalism and protectionism have all contributed to putting globalization on trial. Human rights activists and scholars argue that a focus on economic globalization, the power of transnational corporations and the effects of the activities of international economic institutions must be placed at the center of campaigns to promote and protect human rights.
The Sad Fate of the Theft Act 1968
Authors: Smith John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The most important item of legislation in the field of substantive criminal law in twentieth-century England was the Theft Act 1968. Apart from road traffic offences, stealing is by far the most common criminal offence. The 1968 Act ended centuries of piecemeal development of the common law offence of larceny and related crimes and gave the law a fresh start with, effectively, a new code for this branch of the law. As we now approach the end of the century, after thirty years of the operation of the Act, it is a good time to see how it has fared in the courts and to what extent the intentions of those who framed it have been fulfilled.
Regulatory Competition vs Harmonization in EU Environmental Law
Authors: Faure Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses a topic which, in a European legal perspective, concerns the subsidiarity principle. In this presentation, the subsidiarity principle is addressed from an economic perspective. The central question of European environmental law from an economic perspective is whether we need harmonization of the conditions of competition (in other words harmonization of environmental standards) to reach the goals of the EC Treaty, as laid down in Article 2. This being essentially an economic question, economic methodology will be used to answer it.
Property Rights In Money
Authors: Fox David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Property Rights in Money is a systematic study of how proprietary interests in (ownership of and transactions in) money are transferred and enforced as part of a payment transaction. The book begins by considering the different kinds of property recognised by the law which perform the economic functions of money. It describes how the nature of an owner's proprietary interest differs depending on the kind of property that is treated as money. The main body of the work provides a detailed account of how property rights in money are transferred from one person to another, and the proprietary consequences when a transfer of money is ineffective. For example, the work considers the consequences for the passing of property in money when a person pays the money by mistake, through the fraud of another or through a breach of his or her duties as a trustee or a company director. The author provides a coherent explanation of the proprietary effect of money transfers whether made via a transfer of coins or banknotes or, as is now more common, through a bank payment system. The final section of the book considers how a person can enforce his property rights in money, and the legal remedies open to him to recover his money once it is in the hands of a person who is not entitled to it.
Multiple Interfaces
Authors: Platzack Christer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Within present-day generative grammar (the Minimalist program, Chomsky 1995, 1998), it is generally postulated that autonomous syntax (I-language) provides information to two kinds of performance systems-sensori-motor systems and systems of thought. These systems are taken to be indivisible and unitary; that is, all sensori-motor systems access one interface-level, and all systems of thought access a distinct interface-level. This as sumption is at issue in the present chapter, which opts for a model where the systems of thought access multiple interface-levels. It is claimed that there are three such levels: Thematic Form, Grammatical Form, and Discourse Form-and that the information exchanged at these levels pertains to the information assembled at the V-domain, the I-domain, and the C-domain, respectively. A conceptual argument for the idea that these three syntactic domains exchange information with the systems of thought via designated interfaces is based on the way the computational system works at these three domains. In addition, a handful of empirical arguments are presented, many of which are related to the concept of ‘chain ‘, which must be interpreted differently from what is standardly assumed in a model with multiple interfaces to the systems of thought.
Descent and Diffusion: The Complexity of the Pilbara Situation
Authors: Dench Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter presents a case study of a group of Australian languages for which it is especially difficult to determine whether shared innovations are the result of genetic inheritance from a common ancestor or are the result of contact. In the preceding chapter of this volume, Dixon demonstrates the difficulty of determining clear genetic groupings across the Australian continent as a whole. This chapter shows that similar problems of indeterminacy can hold at the lowest level of language comparison in the Australian context.
Areal Diffusion versus Genetic Inheritance: An African Perspective
Authors: Dimmendaal Gerrit J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The genetic classification of African languages has a long and partially turbulent history. Whereas our understanding of specific linguistic areas on the continent has improved considerably over the past decades, the increased knowledge in most cases has resulted in comfirmation of hypotheses on their genetic links as formulated by Greenberg (1963). The four major language families according to this classification are Afroasiatic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo, and Nilo-Saharan. Only a few groups have been subject to genetic reclassification over time, as a result of improved documentation.1 The internal classification, on the other hand, and the integrity of larger subgroups as proposed by Greenberg and others, have been subject to extensive debates. In at least one case (discussed below), that of the Kwa and Benue-Congo languages, investigators came to realize that at an earlier stage of their scientific investigation areal diffusion had come to be mixed up with genetic inheritance.
The changing prevalence of autism through history
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
30 years ago, autism was rare (4 in 10,000). Today it is common (1 in 100)., The categorical view of autism has been replaced by the spectrum view. A direct consequence of this has been to open the clinic door to the ‘milder’ cases of autism spectrum conditions who also needed to be recognized because they were suffering in childhood, and who were either not diagnosed at all, or who were perhaps diagnosed in other ways., It is a welcome development that increased diagnosis, mostly due to better recognition, means more people potentially may now get their special needs met., Although the world is beginning to become more autism-friendly, many individuals and their families continue to suffer through insufficient support.
Other People
Authors: Brennan James , Moynihan Clare 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the face of any crisis, it is often the people we know who exert the greatest influence over how we get through it. In fact, it would be no exaggeration to say that every person’s experience of cancer is decisively shaped by the people they know: their family, friends, colleagues, and acquaintances, as well as the people they come to know, such as healthcare staff and other patients. There are also, of course, broader social and economic conditions which affect how people interpret and respond to their illness and these are explored in Chapter 4. But this chapter looks at the contribution of people closest to the patient, what is academically referred to as social support. Social support is critical to how people manage their particular cancer and adjust to its implications.
A Control Theory of the Job Stress Process
Authors: Spector Paul E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Control has served a central role in many theories of job stress, as well as other areas of organizational research (Ganster and Fusilier, 1989). It has been implicated as a potential cause of both physical health and psychological well-being (e.g., Evans and Carrere, 1991; Ganster and Fusilier, 1989). A more complex moderator role has also been suggested in the control/ demands model (Karasek, 1979), whereby control buffers the negative effects of job stressors. Although the relation of control with health and well-being has been well established (see Ganster and Fusilier, 1989; Spector, 1986), the moderator role has not received consistent support. Furthermore, in much of the job stress literature, the exact mechanisms by which control affects people has not been completely delineated. It is the purpose of this chapter to help clarify these issues by presenting a model of the job stress process that includes control as a central variable.
Stressors, Innovation, and Personal Initiative
Authors: Fay Doris , Sonnentag Sabine , Frese Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter will focus on the relationship between stressors, innovation, and personal initiative. Both innovation and initiative are theoretically and practically important concepts. Personal initiative can be conceptualized to be part of the general research area of contextual performance (Organ, 1997), which has received much attention due to .its relevance for organizational effectiveness and improvement of production procedures or services (Frese et al.,1997; Podsak off and Mackenzie, 1997). Likewise, with increasing global competition the pressure to innovate is becoming stronger. Research on stressors has consistently proved their negative effects on health, performance, and satisfaction (Kahn and Byosiere, 1991; Zapf et al., 1996).
The Theory of Preventive Stress Management in Organizations
Authors: Quick Jonathan D , Quick James Campbell , Nelson Debra L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The theory of preventive stress management in organizations begins with the translation and integration of concepts from public health and preventive medicine. These concepts are then overlaid on to an organizational stress process framework, from which the theory is derived. This chapter is organized into four major sections addressing specific aspects of the theory of preventive stress management in organizations. The first section describes the theory, beginning with the preventive medicine model. Concepts from this model are superimposed on to the stress process in organizations framework, thus effecting the preventive stress management model. This section also includes two sets of testable hypotheses, which form the core of the theory, and research related to each set of hypotheses. In the second section, diagnostic, prevention, and stress management implications of the theory are discussed, including surveillance indicators added to the original model. The third section presents idiographic research from two organizations: ICI-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals and the United States Air Force. The fourth section discusses the implications of the theory for future research. The conclusion discusses Sisyphus, dynamic self-reliance, and the relationship of theory, beliefs, and observations.