bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and molecular typing predicts prognosis and reveals characterization of tumor immune microenvironment in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ruolan , Huang Yanhua , He Juan , Jin Shan , Li Xin , Tan Kun , Xia Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) acts critical roles on cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis in various cancers. However, the relationship between ERs and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) prognoses still remains unclear.

Methods
The consensus clustering analysis of ERS-related genes and the differential expression analysis between clusters were investigated in LUSC based on TCGA database. Furthermore, ERS-related prognostic risk models were constructed by LASSO regression and Cox regression analyses. Then, the predictive effect of the risk model was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier, Cox regression, and ROC Curve analyses, as well as validated in the GEO cohort. According to the optimal threshold, patients with LUSC were divided into high- and low- risk groups, and somatic mutations, immune cell infiltration, chemotherapy response and immunotherapy effect were systematically analyzed.

Results
Two ERS-related clusters were identified in patients with LUSC that had distinct patterns of immune cell infiltration. A 5-genes ERS-related prognostic risk model and nomogram were constructed and validated. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis showed that ERS risk score was an independent prognostic factor (p < 0.001, HR = 1.317, 95% CI = 1.159–1.496). Patients with low-risk scores presented significantly lower TIDE scores and significantly lower IC50 values for common chemotherapy drugs such as cisplatin and gemcitabine.

Conclusion
ERS-related risk signature has certain prognostic value and may be a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker for LUSC patients.
Shoreline subsurface dams to protect coastal aquifers from sea level rise and saltwater intrusion
Authors: Abd-Elaty Ismail , Kuriqi Alban , Pugliese Lorenzo , Ahmed Ashraf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFresh groundwater in arid and highly populated regions is limited. In coastal aquifers, the deterioration of fresh groundwater is accelerated by saltwater intrusion, primarily occurring through lateral encroachment and vertical movements in the proximity of discharging wells. Coastal regions have high salinity due to saline intrusion, where many abstraction wells are turned off by this high salinity, which leads to increased freshwater supply costs. This study investigates the performance of new approach using the shoreline subsurface dams (SSDs) for mitigating the saline water wedge in coastal aquifers, where the dams are installed at the shoreline (distance from shoreline = 0). Specifically, the current study's novelty is testing the effectiveness of SSDs by different relative heights ranging from 0.05 to 0.50 in the test case (Henry problem) and from 0.09 to 0.53 relative to the aquifer thickness in the field scale aquifer (Biscayne aquifer, Florida, USA). The results showed an exponential increase in salt repulsion for increasing SSDs height, reaching a maximum of + 0.70%, + 1.80%, + 3.25%, + 5.80%, + 10.45%, and + 18.40% for the dam height to aquifer thickness ratios of 0.09, 0.18, 0.26, 0.35, 0.44 and 0.53, respectively, in the field scale case. The SSDs increase the freshwater storage at the coastal zones where the low salinity occurs and reduces the freshwater supply cost. Despite the positive impact of height on repulsion, important factors such as economics, construction aspects, geographical suitability, and environmental impacts must be considered for real applications. This is crucial to develop feasible solutions applicable globally under the growing pressure of sea level rise.
Biosafety evaluation of etoposide lipid nanomedicines in C. elegans
Authors: Moukhtari Souhaila H. El , Muñoz-Juan Amanda , Del Campo-Montoya Rubén , Laromaine Anna , Blanco-Prieto María J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor that originates during embryonic development and progresses into aggressive tumors, primarily affecting children under two years old. Many patients are diagnosed as high-risk and undergo chemotherapy, often leading to short- and long-term toxicities. Nanomedicine offers a promising solution to enhance drug efficacy and improve physical properties. In this study, lipid-based nanomedicines were developed with an average size of 140 nm, achieving a high encapsulation efficiency of over 90% for the anticancer drug etoposide. Then, cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effects of these etoposide nanomedicines were assessed in vitro using human cell lines, both cancerous and non-cancerous. The results demonstrated that etoposide nanomedicines exhibited high toxicity and selectively induced apoptosis only in cancerous cells.Next, the biosafety of these nanomedicines in C. elegans, a model organism, was evaluated by measuring survival, body size, and the effect on dividing cells. The findings showed that the nanomedicines had a safer profile than the free etoposide in this model. Notably, nanomedicines exerted etoposide’s antiproliferative effect only in highly proliferative germline cells. Therefore, the developed nanomedicines hold promise as safe drug delivery systems for etoposide, potentially leading to an improved therapeutic index for neuroblastoma treatment.
Graphical Abstract
Photoconductivity in self-assembled CuO thin films
Authors: Anand Akhil M. , Raj Aruna , Salam Jishad A. , Adithya Nath R. , Jayakrishnan R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSelf-assembly is the most promising low-cost and high-throughput methodology for nanofabrication. This paper reports the optimization of a self-assembly process at room temperature for the growth of copper oxide (CuO) based nanostructures over a copper substrate using aqueous potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution as the oxidizing agent. The monoclinic phase of CuO nanostructures grown over the copper substrate was confirmed from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and micro-Raman analysis. The overall chemical composition of nanostructures was confirmed to be that of CuO from its oxidation state using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photodetectors were engineered with the structure Cu/CuO/Ag. The photodetectors exhibited a response to both ultraviolet and visible light illumination. The optimized Cu/CuO/Ag structure exhibits a responsivity of ~ 1.65 µA/W, with an ON:OFF ratio of ~ 69 under a bias voltage of 0.01 V. The temporal dependence of photo-response for the optimized photodetector displayed the persistent nature of photoconduction indicating a delay in charge carrier recombination which could potentially be exploited for photovoltaic applications.
The future of tire energy: a novel one-end cap structure for sustainable energy harvesting
Authors: Al-Najati Ibrahim Ali , Jasim Abbas F. , Chan Keng Wai , Pung Swee-Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvesting is gaining popularity as an eco-friendly solution to harvest energy from tire deformation for tire condition monitoring systems in vehicles. Traditional piezoelectric harvesters, such as cymbal and bridge structures, cannot be used inside tires due to their design limitations. The wider adoption of renewable energy sources into the energy system is increasing rapidly, reflecting a global attraction toward the utilization of sustainable power sources (Aljendy et al. in Int J Power Energy Convers 12(4): 314–337, 2021; Yesner et al. in Evaluation of a novel piezoelectric bridge transducer. In: 2017 Joint IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectric (ISAF)/International Workshop on Acoustic Transduction Materials and Devices (IWATMD)/Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). IEEE, 2017). The growing interest in capturing energy from tire deformation for Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems (TPMS) aligns with this trend, providing a promising and self-sustaining alternative to traditional battery-powered systems. This study presents a novel one-end cap tire strain piezoelectric energy harvester (TSPEH) that can be used efficiently and reliably inside a tire. The interaction between the tire and energy harvester was analyzed using a decoupled modeling approach, which showed that stress concentration occurred along the edge of the end cap. The TSPEH generated a maximum voltage of 768 V under 2 MPa of load, resulting in an energy output of 32.645 J/rev under 1 MPa. The computational findings of this study were consistent with previous experimental investigations, confirming the reliability of the numerical simulations. The results suggest that the one-end cap structure can be an effective energy harvester inside vehicle tires, providing a valuable solution for utilizing one-end cap structures in high-deformation environments such as vehicle tires.
Should there be a paradigm shift for the evaluation of isthmic thyroid nodules?
Authors: Babayid Yağmur , Gökçay Canpolat Asena , Elhan Atilla Halil , Ceyhan Koray , Çorapçıoğlu Demet , Şahin Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although the thyroid isthmus seems like a rudimentary structure that connects bilateral lobes, it is an undiscovered area that needs to be explored. Currently, the data is evolving that the increase in the risk of malignancy is higher in the isthmic nodules, and extrathyroidal extensions and lymph node metastases are more common in isthmic-derived malignant thyroid nodules. Therefore, we aimed to compare the malignancy rate of isthmic and lobar nodules, the ultrasonographic features of isthmic and lobar nodules, and presence of lymph node metastases, distant metastases, and extrathyroidal invasions in malignant isthmic nodules.

Methods
In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients between the ages of 18–80 years, who had thyroid nodule/nodules cytology and/or pathology results from January 2009 to November 2022. 9504 nodules were selected for the analysis of US findings, cytopathology results, and malignancy rates.

Results
A mean ± SD age of 55.3 ± 13.0 years with a female to male ratio of [7618 (80.2%)/1886(19.8%)] were included in the study. 962 of the nodules were at isthmic localization; whereas 8542 nodules were at lobar localization. 1188 nodules were resulted as malignant from histopathological evaluation. Of the 1188 malignant nodules, 986 nodules were (83.0%) PTC, 114 nodules (9.6%) were FTC, 55 nodules were (4.6%) MTC, 16 nodules 1.3% were Hurtle cell carcinoma, 8 nodules (0.7%) were anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, and 9 nodules (0.8%) were thyroid tumors of uncertain malignant potential (TT-UMP). 156 of the malignant nodules (13.1%) were located in the isthmus, whereas the majority of the malignant nodules (n = 1032, 86.9%) were located at the lobar parts (right or left) of the thyroid. When the metastasis patterns of isthmic and lobar thyroid cancers were examined, no significant relationship was found between isthmic and lobar cancers in terms of capsule invasion (p = 0.435), muscle invasion (p = 0.294), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.633). A significant relation was found between nodule localization (isthmus-upper-middle and lower lobes) and malignancy (p < 0.001). In our logistic regression analysis, isthmic and upper pole nodule localizations, age and TI-RADS were evaluated as independent risk factors for malignancy (p < 0.001 for all factors).

Conclusion
We recommend nodule localization has to be considered an additional risk factor when performing a Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy for the increased malignancy risk in this localization.
Ecological transition in a monetary economy of production: a heterodox approach
Authors: Solari Maurizio , Le Bloc’h Alexandre , Rossi Sergio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe global warming challenge is probably the major issue of our epoch, calling for a concerted response involving as many entities as possible. The economic system being the main responsible of this troubling situation, it is logical to address it first. The actual monetary economy of production has the banking system as the main driver of its functioning which justifies putting our attention on it. Central banks play a prominent role in such a system. They thus dispose of a relevant room for maneuver, which constitutes one of the main topics addressed here. Before that, this article discusses environmental concerns in a monetary production economy, advocating for an ecological economics approach as our privileged analytical foundation and highlighting the seminal role of the banking system in the monetary essence of our economic system, thus calling for an effort to enrich current monetary policy practices which must depart from the myth of ‘market neutrality’. We therefore propose four axes of intervention with regard to the greening of central banks’ action, which aim at redirecting credit away from carbon-intensive activities and towards low-carbon economic sectors. As needed as it is, adjusting monetary policy would however not suffice, the actual climate crisis being enrooted within the economic growth mantra applied through a profit-seeking scheme. A questioning of the very basis of our economic system is thus required to make the economy sustainable and finally safeguarding the conditions of life on earth.
Effects of local thermal non-equilibrium on hydraulic stimulation efficiency of enhanced geothermal systems
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Zhao Jiamin , Wang Dayong , Yue Feng , Wu Ziyan , Xue Ronggang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMotivated by hydraulic stimulation of enhanced geothermal systems, the present paper investigates the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical response of a geothermal well imbedded in a thermoporoelastic medium, subjected to a non-isothermal fluid flux and convective cooling on the borehole surface. Our focus centers on the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) on the temporal-spatial evolution of temperatures, pore pressure, and stresses, where the solid and fluid phases have two distinct temperatures and local heat transfer between the two phases is addressed. We employ integral transform and load decomposition techniques to derive analytical solutions in the Laplace domain. This methodology allows us to disentangle and separate the individual contributions to changes in pore pressure and stresses from fluid injection and convective heat transfer. The results reveal that compared to the classical local thermal equilibrium model, the thermally induced pore pressure is slightly lower under LTNE conditions. The LTNE has a significant influence on the temporal evolution of thermally induced stresses, especially in the vicinity of the wellbore.
Mitigating alcohol-induced neurohepatotoxicity in male albino rats with avocado and mustard
Authors: AL-Qahtani Aishah Abdullah , Shati Ali Abdullah , Al-Doaiss Amin A. , Elsaid Fahmy Gad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAlcohol abuse is dangerous to one’s health and contributes to disorders such as neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity worldwide. Twenty-five male albino rats, each weighing 200 ± 10 g, were divided into five groups. For 4 weeks, rats in the control group were given only a regular chow diet and ad libitum. Rats in the alcohol group received an oral gavage of alcohol at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight each day. Rats in the alcohol and avocado extract group received oral gavage doses of 250 mg/kg b. wt./day of avocado extract and 40 mg/kg b. wt. of alcohol. Rats in the alcohol and mustard seed extract group received oral gavage doses of 250 mg/kg/day of mustard seed extract and 40 mg/kg/day of alcohol, respectively. Rats were given alcohol and a mixture of avocado and mustard seed extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight each day by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Our results showed increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation in the liver and brain tissues, decreased glutathione content, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase. In rats consumed excessive alcohol, there was an increase in the activity of the tumor marker α-l-fucosidase in sera. Additionally, the liver and brain tissues of the alcoholic group showed decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. Furthermore, changes in the expression levels of the genes for brain α-secretase and liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were observed. The administration of extracts from avocado and mustard seeds improved the state of oxidative stress and restored antioxidant enzyme activity. The expression levels of brain α-secretase and liver ADH genes were almost fully recovered at the molecular level.
Improving shelter conditions by implementing sustainable housing policies
Authors: Ismail Issam Hasan , Al-Hazmi Ahmed Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Hussein Abdul Razzaq 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWith increasing global awareness of the application of sustainability and its importance in preserving resources and the ability of future generations to access them, implementing sustainability has become a necessary issue. The housing sector is considered one of the largest energy consumers. Multiple reasons, such as displacement, forced deportation, and a continuation of the conflict, increased the need for housing to shelter the needy. Non-governmental organizations played an important role in helping the needy by establishing housing projects to shelter them. These projects are considered unsustainable for many reasons, such as assault on agricultural land, cutting down trees, not treating wastewater, the absence of sustainable housing principles, etc. This paper aims to address the problem by finding basic points that contribute to developing a sustainable housing policy that can be applied to future shelter projects. To reach the goal of the research, quantitative data was used to find out the opinions of housing and shelter specialists through a questionnaire that was designed according to data summarized from previous studies and formulated according to the five axes of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was then presented to 100 participants, after which the data was analyzed according to the application of the Social Statistical Package (SPSS) and the results were discussed. Providing recommendations for the importance of sustainable housing policies to achieve sustainable shelter, the establishment of a higher council for housing, updating laws, securing appropriate land, encouraging scientific research, and abolishing taxes.
A self-assembling split Nano luciferase-based assay for investigating Pseudomonas syringae effector secretion
Authors: Miao Pei , Zhou Jian-Min , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany Gram-negative pathogens employ the type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver effector proteins into host cells, thereby modulating host cellular processes and suppressing host immunity to facilitate pathogenesis and colonization. In this study, we developed a straightforward, rapid, and quantitative method for detecting T3SS-mediated translocation of Pseudomonas syringae effectors using a self-assembling split Nano luciferase (Nluc)-based reporter system. It was demonstrated that this system can detect effector secretion in vitro with an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity, attributed to the strong affinity between the split domains of Nluc and the intense luminescence generated by functional Nluc. During natural infections, effectors fused to a small C-terminal fragment of Nluc were successfully translocated into plant cells and retained their virulence functions. Furthermore, upon infection of plants expressing the N-terminal fragment of Nluc with these P. syringae strains, functional Nluc proteins were spontaneously assembled and produced bright luminescence, demonstrating that this system enables the straightforward and rapid assessment of P. syringae T3SS-mediated effector translocation during natural infections. In conclusion, the self-assembling split Nluc-based reporting system developed in this study is suitable for efficient in vitro and in planta detection of effectors secreted via T3SS.
Synergistic interactions of assorted ameliorating agents to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation
Authors: Sanjana S. , Jazeel K. , Janeeshma E. , Nair Sarath G. , Shackira A. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPollution by toxic heavy metals creates a significant impact on the biotic community of the ecosystem. Nowadays, a solution to this problem is an eco-friendly approach like phytoremediation, in which plants are used to ameliorate heavy metals. In addition, various amendments are used to enhance the potential of heavy metal phytoremediation. Symbiotic microorganisms such as phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), endophytes, mycorrhiza and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in the improvement of heavy metal phytoremediation potential along with promoting the growth of plants that are grown in contaminated environments. Various chemical chelators (Indole 3-acetic acid, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid, ethylenediamine-N, N-disuccinic acid and nitrilotri-acetic acid) and their combined action with other agents also contribute to heavy metal phytoremediation enhancement. With modern techniques, transgenic plants and microorganisms are developed to open up an alternative strategy for phytoremediation. Genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics are widely used novel approaches to develop competent phytoremediators. This review accounts for the synergistic interactions of the ameliorating agent’s role in enhancing heavy metal phytoremediation, intending to highlight the importance of these various approaches in reducing heavy metal pollution.
THE UNIVERSAL THEORY OF THE HYPERFINITE II
$_1$
FACTOR IS NOT COMPUTABLE
Authors: GOLDBRING ISAAC , HART BRADD 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that the universal theory of the hyperfinite II
$_1$
factor is not computable. The proof uses the recent result that MIP*=RE. Combined with an earlier observation of the authors, this yields a proof that the Connes Embedding Problem has a negative solution that avoids the equivalences with Kirchberg’s QWEP Conjecture and Tsirelson’s Problem.
Indian adolescents’ perceptions of anaemia and its preventive measures: A qualitative study
Authors: Rathi Neha , Kansal Sangeeta , Raj Aryan , Pedapanga Nikitha , Joshua Immanuel , Worsley Anthony 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
High prevalence of anaemia is a severe public health problem in several low- and middle-income countries like India. A qualitative inquiry was designed to understand the perceptions of adolescents regarding anaemia and anaemia prevention measures. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit 39 adolescents (19 girls; 20 boys) from Tikari, India. Interviews were carried out in the local language, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Hemoglobin concentration was also assessed from a single drop of capillary blood using the HemoCue, and the participants were asked to share their Science/Biology and Home Science textbooks. Interview data was analysed thematically. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the distributions of the hemoglobin data while textbooks were analysed using content analysis to verify the coverage of anaemia and anaemia-related matter. Seven themes were identified: (i) Poor understanding of the term anaemia; (ii) Minimal discussion about anaemia in classroom; (iii) Limited knowledge about symptoms of anaemia; (iv) Limited awareness about prevention and cure of anaemia; (v) Perception of iron folic acid and deworming tablets among students; (vi) Lack of contribution of health workers in the prevention of anaemia; (vii) No knowledge of ‘Anemia free India’ programme. More than half of the sample had anaemia (16.7% mild anaemia, 33.3% moderate anaemia, 2.8% severe anaemia). Content analysis revealed that there was limited discussion about anaemia in both Home Science and Science textbooks. Behavioural interventions should focus on inculcating healthy culinary and dietary practices and addressing the gaps in knowledge and understanding of anaemia and its prevention among adolescents.