bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Quasi-solid-state Dye-sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells Using Low Molecular Weight Gelators
Authors: Kubo Wataru , Murakoshi Kei , Kitamura Takayuki , Wada Yuji , Hanabusa Kenji , Shirai Hirofusa , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Low molecular weight gelators were applied to solidify the redox electrolyte in dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells. The resulting quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells showed comparable efficiency and higher stability than the similar cell with the liquid phase redox electrolyte.
Studies on the Behavior of Partially Oxidized Tributylborane as a Radical Initiator for Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Polymerization
Authors: Okamoto Yasushi , Takahata Kazunori , Saeki Kenji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The structure of the catalyst and the influences of oxygen and water on the activity for MMA polymerization were investigated. The main component of partially oxidized tributylborane was found to be butoxydibutylborane. Higher oxygen concentrations in the atmospheric gas tended to result in higher levels of polymerization activity within the oxygen concentration range of 0.1 to 0.2 mole percent relative to the catalyst. The presence of 0.3 to 0.5 mole, per mole of the catalyst, of water resulted in improvements in activity. The above results suggest that the catalyst contains some active species such as peroxides, or butyl radicals as a precursor and that oxygen and water promote both the formation and elimination of such active species.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Peroxovanadium(V) Complex Containing N-Carboxymethylhistidine as a Model for the Vanadium Haloperoxidase Enzymes
Authors: Kanamori Kan , Nishida Kazuya , Miyata Nanako , Okamoto Ken-ichi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The peroxovanadium(V) complex containing N-carboxymethylhistidine (cmhist) was synthesized and structurally characterized by X-ray analysis as a model compound for the vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase enzymes. The complex takes a heptacoordinate structure consisting of a quadridentate cmhist ligand, a side-on bound peroxo group, and an oxo group. The coordination polyhedron is a distorted pentagonal bipyramid.
A New Type of Dry-developed Positive Deep UV Resist Using Polymer Langmuir-Blodgett Films
Authors: Guo Yinzhong , Feng Fei , Miyashita Tokuji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
It is described that poly (N-tetradecylmethacrylamide) (PTDMA) LB films can produce directly a new type of positive fine pattern by decomposing effectively with Deep UV without any development (dry-developed resist).
Regioselective Reductive Ring Opening of Cyclic 1,2- and 1,3-Benzylidene Acetals
Authors: Chandrasekhar S , Reddy Y Ravindra , Reddy Ch Raji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A combination of polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) and AlCl3 was found to be a superior hydride source for reductive ring opening of cyclic benzylidene acetals of both 1,2- and 1,3-diols.
Spirosendan, a Novel Spiro Limonoid from Melia Toosendan
Authors: Nakatani Munehiro , Zhou Jian-Bo , Tadera Kenjiro , Naoki Hideo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Spirosendan, a new skeletal limonoid prossessing a spiro-structure, was isolated from the root bark of Melia toosendan (Meliaceae). The structure is proposed on the basis of extending spectroscopic means.
Molecular Structure and Photoluminescence of Square-anitiprismatic Europium Octahydrate Cations in [Eu(H2O)8]2 [V10O28]·8H2O Crystallines
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Naruke Haruo , Wéry Ana Maria San José , Kaneko Masahiko 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
[Eu(H2O)8]3+ cations in [Eu(H2O)8]2[V10O28]·8H2O form an approximately square-antiprismatic configuration. This configuration provides another model for the Eu3+ aqua ion in aqueous solutions. The lifetime of the 5D0 state for [Eu(H2O)8]3+ is 0.13 ± 0.01 ms at 4.2K, leading to a validity of the luminescence lifetime method for the determination of the number of bonded water molecules (within the Eu-O distances of 2.5Å).
Enzymatic Polymerization of Dicarboxylic Acid and Glycol to Polyester in Solvent-Free System
Authors: Uyama Hiroshi , Inada Kojiro , Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase induced polymerization of a dicarboxylic acid and glycol in a solvent-free system, despite the heterogeneous mixture of the monomers and catalyst. The chain length of the monomers strongly affected the yield and molecular weight of the product polyester.
A Facile Preparation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Primary Selenoamides Using 4-Methylselenobenzoate as a New Selenating Reagent
Authors: Ishihara Hideharu , Yosimura Katsuhiro , Kouketsu Mamoru 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Aliphatic and aromatic primary selenoamides 2 were isolated by the reaction of the corresponding aliphatic and aromatic nitriles with potassium 4-methylselenobenzoate in the presence of BF3·Et2O in moderate from high yields.
Selective Inclusion Phenomena in Lithocholamide Crystal Lattices; Design of Bilayered Assemblies through Ladder-type Hydrogen Bonding Network
Authors: Hishikawa Yukio , Aoki Yuriko , Sada Kazuki , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
The substitution of lithocholic acid (1) to lithocholamide (4) led to the finding of the formation of channel-type inclusion compounds with a limited range of organic substances, such as alcohols, ketones and so on. The inclusion behavior of 4 is greatly different from those of the known hosts of bile acids and their derivatives.
Reaction of Interstitial Cyanide Ions in a Hydrotalcite-like Material with Organic Chlorides
Authors: Suzuki Eiichi , Inoue Atsushi , Ono Yoshio 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A hydrotalcite-like material, Mg6Al2(OH)16Cl2−xCNx·4H2O (x = 1.53–1.94), was prepared and tested as a reagent for the nucleophilic substitution for chlorine atom of C6H5CH2Cl, C4H9Cl, and C3H7Cl by the CN− ions in the interlayer of the material. The corresponding organic cyanides were obtained at 353 K in a non-polar solvent, toluene.
Carbohydrate-Carbohydrate Interaction between Glycolipids and Glycoconjugate Polystyrenes at the Air-water Interface
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Kitakouji Hiromoto , Tsuchida Akiko , Sawada Naoki , Ishida Hideharu , Kiso Makoto , Kobayashi Kazukiyo 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction at the air-water interface was investigated by π-A isotherms of GM3 (ganglioside monosialate 3, NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer) and LacCer (lactosyleramide, Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer) in the presence of glycoconjugate polystyrenes bearing Gg3 oligosaccharide (GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glc), lactose, and cellobiose.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Norbornene under Water–Gas-Shift Reaction Conditions. Selective Formation of Co-dimeres with Lactone Terminus
Authors: Zhou Da-Yang , Zhang Shi-Wei , Onitsuka Kiyotaka , Takahashi Shigetoshi 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Carbonylation of norbornene in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl catalyst under water–gas-shift reaction conditions gave a norbornene–carbon monoxide co-dimer having an enol–lactone structure in a high yield.
The Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (H2O)[Ge5O10] and [(CH3)4N][Ge10O20OH], Two Novel Porous Germanates
Authors: Xu Yan , Fan Wei , Chino Naotaka , Uehara Kazuhiro , Hikichi Shirou , Mizuno Noritaka , Ogura Masaru , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
Two novel porous germanates, [Ge5O10](H2O) (1) and [Ge10O20OH] [(CH3)4N] (2), are synthesized by a hydrothermal method using TMA (tetramethylammonium), and characterized by X-ray crystallography, showing that a novel type of 3 membered rings (two octahedral GeO6 and one tetrahedral GeO4) exists in 1, and the OH− anions are located in the center of double 4-membered rings in 2.
Synthesis of 3,3′-Disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridines from 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-quinone
Authors: Conn Costa , Shimmon Ronald 
Published: December 2003

Abstract
A route to 3,3′-disubstituted-2,2′-bipyridines from 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-quinone is described. The methodology involves the 1,2-addition of an organometallic reagent to the quinone, followed by lead tetraacetate cleavage of the diol. This, in turn, is followed by Lúche or Wolf–Kishner reduction affording diols or alkanes respectively.
Working memory skills and educational attainment: evidence from national curriculum assessments at 7 and 14 years of age
Authors: Gathercole Susan E. , Pickering Susan J. , Knight Camilla , Stegmann Zoe 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe relationship between working memory skills and performance on national curriculum assessments in English, mathematics and science was explored in groups of children aged 7 and 14 years. At 7 years, children's levels of attainment in both English and mathematics were significantly associated with working memory scores, and in particular with performance on complex span tasks. At 14 years, strong links persisted between the complex working memory test scores and attainments levels in both mathematics and science, although ability in the English assessments showed no strong association with working memory skill. The results suggest that the intellectual operations required in the curriculum areas of mathematics and science are constrained by the general capacity of working memory across the childhood years. However, whereas success in the acquisition in literacy (tapped by the English assessments at the youngest age) was also linked with working memory capacity, achievements in the higher‐level skills of comprehension and analysis of English literature assessed at 14 years were independent of working memory capacity. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cognitive representation of filmic event summaries
Authors: Schwan Stephan , Garsoffky Bärbel 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe present study compared two types of film summaries and a complete film event portrayal of two different event sequences, measuring their perceived structure during presentation and the subsequent ability to recall them. The summaries were based on the model of behavioural perception (Newtson & Engquist, 1976; Zacks & Tversky, 2001) and either retained the borders (breakpoints) or the middle parts (non‐breakpoints) of each segment of the event sequence. It was found that breakpoint‐keeping summaries were perceived to be more structured and were recalled more coherently and comprehensively than non‐breakpoint‐keeping summaries. On the other hand, breakpoint‐keeping summaries were not recalled any more completely than event portrayals that had not been shortened. Also, breakpoint‐keeping summaries showed only moderate overlap in their recalled event steps. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The name game: acceptability, bonus information and group size
Authors: Morris Peter E. , Fritz Catherine O. , Buck Sarah 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOur previous research demonstrated the effectiveness of the name game when learning the names of group members. In three experiments we conclude our study of the name game by demonstrating that it is very acceptable to participants and successful with larger groups. Experiment 1 compared the simple and elaborate name games. In the latter, participants learned a word provided by each person in addition to their full name. This ‘bonus’ information was very well learned without detriment to the name learning. Participants rated both versions of the name game as a good use of time and worth playing again although the elaborate name game was rated as more fun. Experiments 2 and 3 used the name game with groups of around 25, finding very good recall of full names. The role of retrieval in the effectiveness of the name game was again demonstrated to be essential. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warfarin‐associated multiple digital necrosis complicating heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia and Raynaud's phenomenon after aortic valve replacement for adenocarcinoma‐associated thrombotic endocarditis
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Whitlock Richard P. , Teoh Kevin H.T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractNecrosis of the digits is a rare complication of warfarin therapy of obscure pathogenesis. We report a 61‐year‐old woman with a 12‐month history of Raynaud's phenomenon who developed multiple digital necrosis following aortic valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis for aortic insufficiency caused by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. Exacerbation of Raynaud's phenomenon occurred during the postoperative period, with daily episodes of ischemia of the fingers and toes that improved with local warming. However, coincident with the occurrence of immune heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, and while undergoing routine warfarin anticoagulation because of the mechanical valve prosthesis, the patient abruptly developed progression of digital ischemia to multiple digital necrosis on postoperative day 8, at the time the international normalized ratio reached its peak value of 4.3. All limb pulses were readily palpable, and vascular imaging studies showed thrombosis only in the superficial femoral and popliteal veins of the right leg. Coagulation studies showed greatly elevated levels of thrombin–antithrombin complexes and prothrombin fragment F1.2 levels, consistent with uncontrolled thrombin generation. After vitamin K administration, no abnormalities of the protein C anticoagulant pathway were identified, consistent with previous studies of other patients with warfarin‐induced necrosis complicating heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia. Subsequently, the patient was shown to have metastatic breast adenocarcinoma, which explained the patient's initial presentation with nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis. This patient case suggests that multiple digital gangrene can result from the interaction of various localizing and systemic factors, including compromised microvascular blood flow (Raynaud's phenomenon), increased thrombin generation (heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia, adenocarcinoma), and warfarin‐induced failure of the protein C natural anticoagulant pathway. Am. J. Hematol. 75:56–62, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accuracy of identification of patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura through administrative records: A data validation study
Authors: Segal Jodi B. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAdministrative data are commonly used to estimate the prevalence of a disease, but the validity of the coding system needs to be evaluated before its use. We assessed the validity of the International Classification of Disease, 9th version, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) code of 287.3 for identifying patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Administrative data from inpatients and outpatients seen were retrieved if the patient or insurer was billed with one of three ICD‐9‐CM codes for thrombocytopenic disorders, 287.3, 287.4, and 287.5, as a primary or secondary diagnosis; or was physician‐identified as having ITP. The electronic medical records for these patients were systematically reviewed to identify patients with ITP and with non‐ITP diagnoses. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and κ scores were calculated separately for inpatients and outpatients. Four‐hundred eighteen records were reviewed. Among inpatients, the sensitivity of code 287.3 for indicating a diagnosis of ITP was 100% [95% confidence interval 94–100%]. The specificity was 89% [95% confidence interval 84–94%]. The percent agreement was 92%, and the κ statistic was 0.80. For outpatients, the sensitivity of the billing code 287.3 was 84% [95% confidence interval 76–91%], a conservative estimate because of how the patients with other diagnoses were selected. The specificity for outpatients was 66% [95% confidence interval 56–76%]. ICD‐9‐CM code 287.3 in administrative billing data is likely to be sufficiently sensitive and specific, particularly when inpatient data are used, for the estimation of the prevalence of ITP. Am. J. Hematol. 75:12–17, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A non‐immunological phospholipid‐dependent coagulation inhibitor associated with IgGλ‐type multiple myeloma
Authors: Takamiya Osamu , Machida Shinichiro , Okuda Masahiro , Nojima Junzo , Koreeda Chikako , Kubara Katuhiko 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe investigated the rare case of a patient with IgGλ multiple myeloma for whom both prothrombin time and APTT were significantly prolonged. The IgG inhibited coagulation reactions upstream from prothrombin when coagulation was initiated by mRVVT, but not by FXa, as indicated by a chromogenic substrate for FXa. The mPT and the mAPTT showed inhibition of FXa generation in both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The IgG inhibited both protein C (indicated by APTT) and FX (indicated by RVV) but not amidolysis for either activated protein C or FXa. The addition of excess phospholipid significantly shortened the prolonged RVVT of the patient. It inhibited the coagulation reactions of normal plasma and was dependent on decreasing the PS concentration in the APTT reagent. It was suggested that the IgG showed lupus anticoagulant (LA)‐like activity that inhibited phospholipid‐dependent coagulation reactions in the intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways. However, the IgG did not bind cardiolipin–β2GPI complex, β2GPI, or prothrombin in ELISA assays. The IgG did not bind to either PS or phospholipid complexes in the presence or absence of prothrombin, FX, or FXa. Interestingly, the IgG lost its LA like‐activity when it was degraded to F(ab′)2 and Fc fragments by pepsin. We suspected that the IgG might inhibit the interaction between coagulation factors and acid phospholipid non‐immunologically and that this process requires an intact IgG conformation, although the reaction mode is still not clear. Am. J. Hematol. 75:34–39, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphologic diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Burns Edward R. , Lou Yenmay , Pathak Anjali 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) rests on evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and other known causes of thrombotic microangiopathy. Highly specific diagnostic tools such as serum levels of ADAMTS13 are not routinely available for immediate clinical diagnosis. The presence of schistocytes on a blood smear is the morphologic hallmark of the disease, but no guidelines exist as to the number of schistocytes required to differentiate TTP from other thrombotic microangiopathies. We studied 6 patients with TTP and compared their schistocyte counts with those of 40 normal subjects, 28 patients with chronic renal disease, 5 with preeclampsia, and 5 with normal functioning mechanical heart valves. The mean schistocyte count for the TTP patients was 8.35% versus 0.05% for normal subjects, 0.2% for renal patients, 0.25% for preeclamptic patients, and 0.18% for patients with mechanical valves (P < 0.001). Schistocytes were found on 100% of blood films of TTP patients and ranged from 1.0% to 18.4% of red cells. Schistocytes are found on the smears of 58% of normal individuals and on 80–100% of the other patient groups studied, but always comprise less than 0.5% of the red cell population. An initial schistocyte count of greater than 1% strongly suggests a diagnosis of TTP in the absence of other known causes of thrombotic microangiopathy. Am. J. Hematol. 75:18–21, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mcl‐1 and Bcl‐2/Bax ratio are associated with treatment response but not with Rai stage in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Saxena Anurag , Viswanathan Sathiyanarayanan , Moshynska Oksana , Tandon Puneeta , Sankaran Koravangattu , Sheridan David P. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAlthough both Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and Mcl‐1 have been identified to be of clinical relevance in B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), there is controversy regarding their role; further, their relative importance is not well delineated. Expression of Bcl‐2, Bax, the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio, and Mcl‐1 in 51 consecutive previously untreated CLL patients and 16 controls was determined by Western blotting. Only 37 patients were treated, all with chlorambucil and prednisone initially. Six patients achieved complete response (CR), 14 were non‐responders (NR), and 17 had a partial response (PR), as defined by NCI criteria. There was considerable inter‐patient variability in protein expression and overlap with healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). All patients with CR had low Mcl‐1 levels compared to the PR + NR group (0.07 ± 0.02 vs. 0.14 ± 0.07, P = 0.043). Higher Mcl‐1 expression as determined by dichotomizing the data was associated with a failure to achieve CR (P = 0.021). The Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was significantly associated with treatment response only when CR and PR were considered together (0.89 ± 0.53 [CR + PR] vs. 3.38 ± 4.47 [NR], P = 0.0118). There was no association with Rai stage. Low Mcl‐1 appears to be a requirement for CR, while low Bcl‐2/Bax ratio is indicative of some response to conventional treatment. Am. J. Hematol. 75:22–33, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of thyroid hormones in human and laboratory animal reproductive health
Authors: Choksi Neepa Y. , Jahnke Gloria D. , St. Hilaire Cathy , Shelby Michael 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe highly conserved nature of the thyroid gland and the thyroid system among mammalian species suggests it is critical to species survival. Studies show the thyroid system plays a critical role in the development of several organ systems, including the reproductive tract. Despite its highly conserved nature, the thyroid system can have widely different effects on reproduction and reproductive tract development in different species. The present review focuses on assessing the role of thyroid hormones in human reproduction and reproductive tract development and comparing it to the role of thyroid hormones in laboratory animal reproduction and reproductive tract development. The review also assesses the effects of thyroid dysfunction on reproductive tract development and function in humans and laboratory animals. Consideration of such information is important in designing, conducting, and interpreting studies to assess the potential effects of thyroid toxicants on reproduction and development. Birth Defects Res B 68:479–491, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of developmental toxicity in mice treated with Alstonia scholaris (Sapthaparna) In utero
Authors: Jagetia Ganesh Chandra , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: December 2003

AbstractBACKGROUND: The teratogenic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Alstonia scholaris (ASE) was studied in the pregnant Swiss albino mice administered with 0, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 mg/kg ASE on Day 11 of gestation. METHODS: Females were allowed to complete the term and parturiate. The litters were monitored regularly for mortality, growth retardation, congenital malformations, and appearance of physiological markers up to 7 weeks post‐parturition (p.p.). RESULTS: The administration of 60, 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg ASE to the pregnant mice on Day 11 did not induce mortality, congenital malformations, or alter the normal growth patterns. A further increase in the herbal extract dose up to 360 or 480 mg/kg resulted in a dose dependent increase in the mortality, growth retardation, and congenital malformations, characterized mainly by bent tails and syndactyly. The administration of higher doses (360 or 480 mg) of ASE also caused a significant delay in the morphological parameters such as fur development, eye opening, pinna detachment, and vaginal opening. The incisor eruption and testes decent were found to be delayed in litters born to the mothers treated with 240–480 mg/kg ASE.CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates clearly that ASE treatment caused teratogenic effect only at doses above 240 mg/kg (>20% of LD50). Lower doses had no developmental toxicity. Birth Defects Res B 68:472–478, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.