bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulsradiolytische Untersuchung der Hydrolyse des Dirhodans
Authors: Schöneshöfer M. , Beck G. , Henglein A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBei der Oxydation von SCN− entsteht Dirhodan über den bereits bekannten Komplex (SCN)2−:magnified imageDie Hydrolyse des (SCN)2 wurde im Mikro‐ bis Sekundenbereich durch Messung der optischen Absorption des (SCN)2−‐Komplexes und der Leitfähigkeit der Lösung untersucht. In saurer Lösung ist die Bildung des Dirhodans viel schneller als seine Hydrolyse, in alkalischer Lösung sind beide Prozesse fast gleich schnell. In saurer Lösung steigt die Geschwindigkeit der Verseifung mit abnehmender H+‐ und SCN−‐Konzentration, was auf das Gleichgewichtmagnified imagezurückgeführt wird. Die Konstante K wurde zu etwa 6 · 10−13 M bestimmt. Die anschließende Verseifung des HOSCNmagnified imageerfolgt mit einer Geschwindigkeitskonstanten pseudo‐erster Ordnung von etwa 70 s−1.In alkalischer Lösung ist das Gleichgewicht zur rechten Seite verschoben, vermutlich weil HOSCN dissoziiert. Die Geschwindigkeits‐konstante der Reaktionmagnified imagewurde zu 2,2 · 104 s−1 bestimmt. In starker alkalischer Lösung tritt Blausäure als leitendes Teilchen auf:magnified image
Niedermolekulare binäre organische Nichtelektrolytsysteme polarer und unpolarer Flüssigkeiten — Molekülform und thermodynamische Eigenschaften
Authors: Kreibich Ursula T. , Schäfer Kl. , Höpfner A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEin Einblick in die Anordnung der Moleküle einer flüssigen Mischung laßt sich aus den thermodynamischen Eigenschaften entnehmen, die sowohl durch elektrostatische Effekte als auch durch sterische Effekte ‐ bedingt durch Größe und Bau der Moleküle‐beeinflußt werden. Der in unserer ersten Mitteilung [1] eingeschlagene Weg, Aussagen über den Aufbau eines Flüssigkeitssystems unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Molekülform zu erhalten, wird weiterverfolgt und nunmehr auf Systeme mit einem polaren Mischungspartner angewendet, wobei infolge der Dipolkomponente die Ordnungsverhältnisse in der Flüssigkeit noch deutlicher werden.Die folgenden binären Systeme aus einer unpolaren und einer polaren Komponente wurden bearbeitet: Neopentan ‐ Neopentylbromid Tetramethylsilan ‐ Brommethyl‐trimethylsilan n‐Pentan −1‐Brompentan n‐Pentan − 3‐BrompentanDie Gesamtdampfdrücke wurden bei 13 verschiedenen Temperaturen im Bereich von +20°C bis −55°C nach der statischen Methode bestimmt und aus diesen Daten nach dem Verfahren von Barker [2] Redlich und Kister [3] und Scatchard [4] die Werte der Aktivitätskoeffizienten und Exzessfunktionen ermittelt. Die thermodynamischen Größen und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit geben Aufschluß über die Molekülanordnung der flüssigen Mischung.
Das Verhalten von salpetriger Säure und Salpetersäure an der rotierenden Scheibenelektrode II. Quantitativer Ansatz zum Verständnis der sogenannten “verkehrten Rührabhängigkeit” des Elektrodenstroms
Authors: Schmid Gerhard , Lobeck Martin A. , Keiser Helmuth 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie sogenannte “verkehrte” oder “falsche” Rührabhängigkeit des Elektrodenstromes und ihr Übergang zur “normalen” oder “gewöhnlichen” wird einer quantitativen Betrachtung unterzogen. An einigen experimentellen Stromspannungskurven der HNO3‐Reduktion mit der rotierenden Scheibe wird gezeigt, wie sich an ein und derselben Lösung bei langsamer Rührung “verkehrte”, bei schneller dagegen “normale” Rührabhängigkeit einstellen kann. Der Bereich dieser “Inversion” der Rührabhängigkeit erweist sich für die kinetische Behandlung als besonders aufschlußreich.Eine spezielle Anwendung auf die autokatalytisch‐kathodische Reduktion von Salpetersäure zu salpetriger Säure soll in einer folgenden Mitteilung gegeben werden.
Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Elastizität von Adsorptionsschichten löslicher grenzflächenaktiver Stoffe
Authors: Kretzschmar G. , Lunkenheimer K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFür die Bestimmung der Oberflächenelastizitäten der Adsorptionsschichten löslicher grenzflächenaktiver Stoffe wurde ein Verfahren entwickelt, dessen Prinzip darauf beruht, eine kleine Luftblase in einer Lösung eines grenzflächenaktiven Stoffes in Abhängigkeit von der Frequenz zu Radialschwingungen definierter Amplitude zu erregen. Die Anwesenheit der Adsorptionsschicht in der Grenzfläche ruft einen zusätzlichen Druckeffekt hervor, der der Änderung des Drucks entgegengerichtet ist. Aus der Lösung der Schwingungsgleichung. die das System beschreibt, läßt sich durch Vergleich mit den gemessenen Amplituden die Oberflächenelastizität bestimmen.In den Berechnungen wird der Diffusionsaustausch zwischen der Grenzfläche und der Volumenphase während der Deformation der Grenzfläche unberücksichtigt gelassen. Solange diese Voraussetzung tatsächlich gegeben ist, erhält man reine “austauschlose” Oberflächenelastizitäten. Spielt die Diffusion jedoch eine nicht mehr zu vernachlässigende Rolle, so resultieren – hier als “effektiv” gekennzeichnete – Elastizitätswerte, die nur im Zusammenhang mit dem konkreten physikalischen Modell und einem begrenzten Frequenzintervall von Bedeutung sind. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit wäßrigen Lösungen verschiedener n‐Alkansäuren (Hexan‐, Octan‐ und Decansäure in 0,07 n HCl), n‐Alkylsulfate (Decyl‐, Dodecyl‐ und Tetradecylsulfat in rein wäßriger und 0,1 n NaCl‐Lösung) und Polyäthylenglykolmono‐n‐dodecyläther (Penta‐ und Heptaäther in rein wäßriger und in 0,1 n NaCl‐Lösung) durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich in drei Gruppen zusammenfassen, die sich durch abwesenden bzw. unterschiedlich starken Diffusionsaustausch zwischen Grenzfläche und Volumenphase auszeichnen, der sich in der Neigung der Elastizitäts‐Konzentrations‐Isothermen zu erkennen gibt.Das hier beschriebene Verfahren besitzt gegenüber dem der Dämpfung von Kapillarwellen den Vorteil einfacherer und schnellerer Auswertbarkeit.
Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels auf die Arrheniusparameter des Kettenwachstums und des Kettenabbruchs bei der radikalischen Polymerisation des Methylmethacrylates
Authors: Fischer J. P. , Schulz G. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn Fortsetzung einer vorangegangenen Arbeit werden die Absolutwerte der Geschwindigkeitskonstante von Kettenwachstum und Kettenabbruch über einen größeren Temperatur‐ und Viskositätsbereich gemessen. Während die Wachstumskonstante ein normales Verhalten zeigt, ist die mit T multiplizierte Abbruchkonstante im ganzen Bereich umgekehrt proportional der Viskosität, also praktisch vollständig diffusionskontrolliert. Das Kettenende bewegt sich im Raum des Polymerknäuels mit einer Segmentdiffusionskonstante, die etwa derjenigen eines frei beweglichen Polymermoleküls mit dem Molekulargewicht 2500 entspricht.
Shear stress and microRNAs for better metastatic cancer management
Authors: KrishnaPriya Siluveru , Nair Pallavi S. , Bhalla Prerna , Karunagaran D. , Suraishkumar G. K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMetastasis is the process by which cancer cells move from the primary location to establish themselves in a new location in the human body. It is still a significant challenge in cancer management because it is responsible for 90% of cancer‐related deaths. In this work, we present an idea to use shear stress encountered by all metastasizing cells as an elegant means to deactivate metastasizing cancer cells. Shear‐induced ROS and cross‐talk between ROS and miRNA play crucial roles in deactivating metastasizing cancer cells. In addition, there exists a vast therapeutic potential for miRNAs. Therefore, this study explores the effect of shear on miRNAs and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the two molecular mediators in the proposed {shear‐stress}–{miRNA}–{metastasizing‐cancer‐cell‐deactivation} approach. In this context, to understand the effect of defined shear on HCT116 colon cancer cells, they were cultivated in a defined shear environment provided by an appropriately designed and fabricated cone‐and‐plate device. Shear rate affected the culture growth characteristics and the specific intracellular reactive oxygen species level (si‐ROS). HCT116 cell growth was observed at 0 and 0.63 s−1 but not at 1.57 s−1 or beyond. Shear rate induced upregulation of the hsa‐miR‐335‐5p but induced downregulation of hsa‐miR‐34a‐5p. Furthermore, the specific levels of hsa‐miR‐335‐5p, hsa‐miR‐26b‐5p, and hsa‐miR‐34a‐5p negatively correlated with specific intracellular (si)‐hydroxyl radical levels. In addition, some messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in HCT116 cells showed a differential expression under shear stress, notably the ROS‐associated mRNA of PMAIP1. The above miRNAs (and possibly some mRNAs) could be targeted to manage colon cancer metastasis.
Cuminum cyminum Ameliorates Urotoxic Effects of Cyclophosphamide by Modulating Antioxidant, Inflammatory Cytokines, and Urinary Bladder Overactivity: In vivo and in Silico Investigations
Authors: Anjum Irfan , Ali Daanyaal , Bourhia Mohammed , Chaudhry Mueen Ahmad , Siddique Farhan , Bibi Mehvish , Gaafar Abdel‐Rhman Z. , Zair Touriya , Khallouki Farid 
Published: October 2023

AbstractInterstitial Cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory disease that lacks effective treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of aqueous ethanol extract of Cuminum cyminum (AEECC) on oxidative stress, inflammation and overactivity of urinary bladder induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). Female Sprague‐Dawley rats received intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, i. p. 1st, 4th, and 7th days). To investigate the urothelial damage, the bladder weight, nociception behavior, and Evans blue dye extravasation method was used. The antioxidants CAT, GPX and NO were measured. ELISA determined the IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels. The spasmolytic effect of AEECC was investigated on isolated bladder strips and its mechanisms were determined. The enhanced nociception behavior, bladder weight, vascular permeability, edema, hemorrhage, nitric oxide, IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels by CYP administration were significantly reduced by AEECC (250 and 500 mg/kg). A significant increase in serum antioxidant system such as CAT and GPx was also observed in AEECC‐treated rats. The AEECC (3 mg/ml) significantly reduced urinary bladder tone in the strips pre‐contracted with carbachol in both control and CYP‐treated rats. This relaxation was demolished by atropine, nifedipine, glibenclamide, and indomethacin but not with propranolol. The plant extract showed the presence of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory phytochemicals. These results suggest that Cuminum cyminum offers uroprotective activity and can ameliorate CYP‐induced bladder toxicity by modulating antioxidant parameters, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and bladder smooth muscle overactivity. The in silico binding interactions of antioxidant 2I3Y and anti‐inflammatory protein 1TNF with various ligands from Cuminum cyminum seeds revealed potential bioactive compounds with promising antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, providing valuable insights for drug development and nutraceutical research.
Preventive effect of andrographolide against ultraviolet‐B radiation‐induced oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling in human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Indirapriyadarshini Rajendran , Radhiga Thangaiyan , Kanimozhi Govindasamy , Prasad N. Rajendra 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUltraviolet radiation induces oxidative photoaging in the skin cells. In this study, we investigated the ability of andrographolide (ADP) to protect human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) from UVB radiation‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. The HDFa cells were exposed to UVB (19.8 mJ/cm2) radiation in the presence or absence of ADP (7 μM) and then oxidative stress and apoptotic protein expression were analyzed. UVB exposure resulted in a significant decline in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, UVB‐irradiation causes increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptotic morphological changes, and lipid peroxidation levels in the HDFa. Moreover, the pretreatment with ADP reduced the UVB‐induced cytotoxicity, ROS production, and increased antioxidant enzymes activity. Further, the ADP pretreatment prevents the UVB‐induced loss of MMP and apoptotic signaling in HDFa cells. Therefore, the present results suggest that ADP protects HDFa cells from UVB‐induced oxidative stress and apoptotic damage.
Lethal complication: Ventricular septal perforation and right ventricular infarction after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Konishi Takao , Funayama Naohiro , Yamamoto Tadashi , Hotta Daisuke , Tanaka Shinya 
Published: October 2023

Key clinical messageHere, we report a case of ventricular septal perforation complicated with right ventricular infarction after inferior acute myocardial infarction, which was associated with a poor clinical outcome despite the successful surgical treatment.
Primary giant hydatid cyst of the thigh: An unusual location
Authors: Limaiem Faten , Teborbi Anis , Bouzidi Ramzi 
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical MessagePrimary hydatid cyst of the thigh is a rare condition requiring prompt recognition and accurate diagnosis for timely management and prevention of complications.AbstractMuscular hydatid cysts are rare, with a frequency ranging from 1% to 5% even in endemic areas. The clinical presentation of muscular hydatidosis is typically subtle and lacks specific features, frequently resulting in delayed diagnosis. Herein, the authors describe a case of a primary hydatid cyst located in the thigh.
Eco‐sustainable Synthesis of N‐containing Heterocyclic Systems Using Porous Carbon Catalysts
Authors: Pérez‐Mayoral Elena , Godino‐Ojer Marina , Pastrana‐Martínez Luisa M. , Morales‐Torres Sergio , Maldonado‐Hódar Francisco J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFrom the most classic carbon materials (CMs) to the advanced ones, all of them integrate a promising catalyst set in terms of sustainability and energy efficiency for a greener future. Different synthetic strategies concerning to the catalytic synthesis of relevant N‐containing heterocycles are herein described to address the great potential of the referred catalysts flying over what has been done and all that remains to be done. Current trends in this field involve structure‐activity relationships establishment also considering the reaction mechanisms understanding and the identification of active catalytic sites, as function of both experimental datasets, emphasizing on operando characterization techniques, and theoretical studies which will significantly contribute to the design of custom‐made catalysts as a new horizon.
A Mechanistic Study of the Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation of Hydantoin with Aryl(TMP)iodonium Salts
Authors: Neerbye Berntsen Linn , Nova Ainara 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe use of diaryliodonium salts in organic reactions has rapidly increased in the last decade because of their efficiency in arylation reactions. Despite this, mechanistic investigations are still scarce, particularly for copper catalyzed N‐arylation reactions. Recently, we published the use of the unsymmetrical aryl(TMP)iodonium salts (TMP=2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl) for the selective Cu‐catalyzed N‐arylation of hydantoins. In this work, the mechanism of this reaction has been studied by DFT methods, and our results have been compared with previous and new experimental data. In contrast to the mechanism proposed for C−H arylation reactions, our results suggest that deprotonation of hydantoin precedes the oxidative addition of aryl(TMP)iodonium salt, with the oxidative addition to a Cu(I) imido intermediate and ligand rearrangements being the rate‐limiting steps. This mechanism agrees with the species observed by NMR spectroscopy, kinetic isotope experiments, and the product yields observed using aryl(TMP)iodonium salts with different steric and electronic properties. In addition, it gives some hints for increasing the efficiency of arylation reactions by tuning the diaryliodonium salt.
Synthesis of Bridged Tetrazoles with Promising Properties and Potential Applications by a One‐Step Finkelstein Reaction
Authors: Lechner Jasmin T. , Riedelsheimer Christian , Endraß Simon M. J. , Gerold Nina M. , Heidrich Jennifer , Krumm Burkhard , Stierstorfer Jörg , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNumerous nitramine bridged compounds which show promising combinations of properties have already been identified in the area of energetic materials. In this work, four new nitrazapropane bridged tetrazoles, as well as four new trinitrazaheptane tetrazoles and three oxapropane bridged tetrazoles were synthesized and fully characterized. These new compounds can all be synthesized by a simple, one‐step synthesis using Finkelstein conditions. All of these new energetic materials were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X‐ray diffraction, vibrational analysis and elemental analysis. The thermal behaviour of these compounds was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and partly by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The BAM standard method was used to determine the sensitivities towards impact (IS) and friction (FS). The enthalpies of formation were calculated at the CBS‐4M level, and the energetic performances were calculated using the EXPLO5 (V6.06.01) computer code. The properties of the new compounds were compared to each other as well as to the known energetic material RDX. Moreover, the iron(II) and copper(II) perchlorate complexes with 1,3‐bis‐1,1‐tetrazolylnitrazapropane as ligand were prepared and investigated.
Biomarker‐driven phase 2 umbrella trial: Clinical efficacy of olaparib monotherapy and combination with ceralasertib (AZD6738) in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Park Sehhoon , Kim Yu Jung , Min Young Joo , Mortimer Peter G. S. , Kim Hee‐Jung , Smith Simon A. , Dean Emma , Jung Hyun Ae , Sun Jong‐Mu , Park Woong‐Yang , Ahn Jin Seok , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Lee Se‐Hoon , Park Keunchil 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundBased on a high incidence of genomic alteration in the cell cycle and DNA damage and response (DDR)‐related pathways in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), the clinical efficacy of the DDR‐targeting agent olaparib (PARP inhibitor) as monotherapy and in combination with ceralasertib (ATR inhibitor) in relapsed or refractory SCLC was evaluated.MethodsAs part of a phase 2 biomarker driven umbrella study, patients with SCLC and predefined DDR gene alterations who failed to benefit from prior platinum‐based regimens were allocated to the olaparib monotherapy arm and nonbiomarker‐selected patients were allocated to the olaparib and ceralasertib combination arm.ResultsIn the olaparib monotherapy arm (n = 15), the objective response rate was 6.7% (one partial response), and the disease control rate was 33.3%, including three patients with stable disease. The median progression‐free survival was 1.3 months (95% CI, 1.2–NA). In the combination arm (n = 26), the objective response rate and disease control rate were 3.8% and 42.3%, respectively, with one partial response and 10 patients with stable disease. The median progression‐free survival was 2.8 months (95% CI, 1.8–5.4). Treatment was generally well tolerated except for one fatal case of neutropenic fever in the combination arm.ConclusionsTargeting DDR pathways with olaparib as a single agent or in combination with ceralasertib did not meet the predefined efficacy end point. However, disease stabilization was more evident in the combination arm. Further investigation of the combination of olaparib in SCLC should be performed with diverse combinations and patient selection strategies to maximize efficacy.
Associations of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis with liver cancer in European and East Asian populations: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Deng Yunyang , Huang Junjie , Wong Martin Chi Sang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe positive relationships of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis with liver cancer were shown in previous observational studies, while further Mendelian randomization (MR) investigations are needed to confirm the possible causal associations.AimsThis study aimed to explore whether NAFLD and cirrhosis were causally related to liver cancer using MR in European and East Asian populations.Methods and ResultsFor European populations, NAFLD data were obtained from a genome‐wide meta‐analysis (8434 patients and 770 180 controls). The data on chronic elevation of alanine aminotransferase (cALT), a proxy of NAFLD, were derived from Million Veteran Program (68 725 patients and 95 472 controls). Cirrhosis data were collected from two sources: a genome‐wide association study of five cohorts (4829 patients and 72 705 controls) and FinnGen (1931 patients and 216 861 controls). Liver cancer data were collected from FinnGen (304 patients and 174 006 controls). For East Asian populations, the data on cirrhosis (2184 patients and 210 269 controls) and hepatocellular carcinoma (1866 patients and 195 745 controls) were obtained from Biobank Japan.Three, 41, seven, six, and three single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were used for NAFLD (European), cALT (European), cirrhosis (European‐five cohorts), cirrhosis (European‐FinnGen), and cirrhosis (East Asian), respectively. We used inverse‐variance weighted as the primary method to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Among European populations, genetically‐predicted NAFLD, cALT, cirrhosis (five cohorts), and cirrhosis (FinnGen) were positively associated with liver cancer, with ORs (95% CIs) of 6.62 (3.81–11.50) (p < .001), 2.59 (1.70–3.94) (p < .001), 3.38 (2.41–4.75) (p < .001), and 2.62 (1.20–5.72) (p = .015). Among East Asian populations, there was also a positive association between genetically‐predicted cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (OR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.78–2.52; p < .001).ConclusionThis study utilized MR to complementarily confirm the positive connections of NAFLD and cirrhosis with liver cancer, as identified in earlier observational research. Subsequent MR investigations involving more liver cancer cases are needed.
Indentation Depth‐Dependent Hardness of Metal‐Organic Framework Crystals: The Effect of Local Amorphization Induced by Indentation
Authors: Chen Ximing , Wang Bing , Ying Penghua , Zhang Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe hardness of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is an important mechanical property metric measuring their resistance to the permanent plastic deformation. The hardness of most MOFs measured from nanoindentation experiments usually exhibits the similar unique indentation depth dependence feature, the mechanism of which still remains unclear. In order to explain the effect of the indentation depth on the hardness of MOFs, we conducted nanoindentation simulations on HKUST‐1 by using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations reveal that the HKUST‐1 material near the indenter can transform from the parent crystalline phase to a new amorphous phase due to the high pressure generated, while its counterpart far from the indenter remains in the crystalline phase. By considering the crystalline‐amorphous interface in the energy analysis of MOFs, we derived an analytical expression of the hardness at different indentation depths. It is found that the interface effect can greatly increase the hardness of MOFs, as observed in nanoindentation simulations. Moreover, the proposed analytical expression can well explain the indentation depth‐dependent hardness of many MOF crystals measured in nanoindentation experiments. Overall, this work can provide a better understanding of the indentation depth dependence of the hardness of MOFs.