bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heatwave reveals potential for enhanced aerosol formation in Siberian boreal forest
Authors: Garmash Olga , Ezhova Ekaterina , Arshinov Mikhail , Belan Boris , Lampilahti Anastasiia , Davydov Denis , Räty Meri , Aliaga Diego , Baalbaki Rima , Chan Tommy , Bianchi Federico , Kerminen Veli-Matti , Petäjä Tuukka , Kulmala Markku 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Siberia is covered by 6 million km2 of forest, which moderates climate as a carbon sink and a source of aerosol particles causing negative radiative effect. Aerosol particles in boreal forests frequently form via gas-to-particle conversion, known as new particle formation (NPF). Compared to boreal sites at similar latitudes, NPF was reported to occur less often in the Siberian forest. However, factors controlling NPF in Siberia remain unknown. Our results suggest that the combination of biogenic and anthropogenic contributions caused unexpectedly high monthly NPF frequency (50%) at the observatory Fonovaya in the West Siberian taiga during the Siberian 2020 heatwave. High frequency was due to early spring photosynthetic recovery, which boosted biogenic emissions into polluted air masses carrying SO2. After mid-April, high temperatures and cleaner air masses led to less frequent (15%) and less intense NPF despite the increased emissions of natural organic vapors and ammonia. Furthermore, the contrast between the two spring periods was seen in cluster composition, particle-forming vapors (two times difference in sulfuric acid concentration), particle formation (J
3, 2.2 and 0.4 cm−3 s−1) and growth rates (GR2−3, 1.7 and 0.6 nm h−1). Given the strong warming trend, our results suggest that within 25‒30 years, the monthly NPF frequency during early spring in the West Siberian taiga can reach 40%–60%, as in the European boreal sites.
Livestock increasingly drove global agricultural emissions growth from 1910–2015
Authors: Gingrich Simone , Theurl Michaela , Erb Karl-Heinz , Noë Julia Le , Magerl Andreas , Bauernschuster Sonja , Krausmann Fridolin , Lauk Christian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Emissions from agricultural activities constitute 11% of global greenhouse gas emissions and are hard to abate. Here, we present and analyze a consistent empirical assessment of global emissions from agricultural activities from 1910–2015. Agricultural emissions increased 3.5-fold from 1910–2015, from 1.9 to 6.7 GtCO2eq yr−1. CH4 emissions, emissions from enteric fermentation and from livestock products contributed the highest fractions of emissions by gases, processes, and products, respectively. A decomposition analysis quantifies the contribution of major drivers of agricultural emissions dynamics. It reveals that globally and across the entire period, changes in population, agricultural production per capita (‘output’), regional distribution of production (‘regional mix’), and composition of final products (‘product mix’, i.e. a shift towards livestock production) all contributed to increasing agricultural emissions. Conversely, declining emissions per unit of production (‘emissions intensity’), particularly for livestock, partly counterbalanced the emissions increase. Significant variations prevail across regions and time periods. Most notably, the composition of final products counteracted agricultural emissions increase from 1910–1950, but growing livestock production has become an increasingly important driver of emissions growth in more recent periods. This finding unravels that increases in livestock production offset the improvements in emissions intensity of industrial agricultural intensification. Our findings underscore the large potential of reducing livestock production and consumption for mitigating the climate impacts of agriculture.
Synoptic conditions conducive for compound wind-flood events in Great Britain in present and future climates
Authors: Bloomfield H C , Bates P , Shaffrey L C , Hillier J , Champion A , Cotterill D , Pope J O , Kumar D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Extreme wind is the main driver of loss in North-West Europe, with flooding being the second-highest driver. These hazards are currently modelled independently, and it is unclear what the contribution of their co-occurrence is to loss. They are often associated with extra-tropical cyclones, with studies focusing on co-occurrence of extreme meteorological variables. However, there has not been a systematic assessment of the meteorological drivers of the co-occurring impacts of compound wind-flood events. This study quantifies this using an established storm severity index (SSI) and recently developed flood severity index (FSI), applied to the UKCP18 12 km regional climate simulations, and a Great Britain (GB) focused hydrological model. The meteorological drivers are assessed using 30 weather types, which are designed to capture a broad spectrum of GB weather. Daily extreme compound events (exceeding 99th percentile of both SSI and FSI) are generally associated with cyclonic weather patterns, often from the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO+) and Northwesterly classifications. Extreme compound events happen in a larger variety of weather patterns in a future climate. The location of extreme precipitation events shifts southward towards regions of increased exposure. The risk of extreme compound events increases almost four-fold in the UKCP18 simulations (from 14 events in the historical period, to 55 events in the future period). It is also more likely for there to be multi-day compound events. At seasonal timescales years tend to be either flood-prone or wind-damage-prone. In a future climate there is a larger proportion of years experiencing extreme seasonal SSI and FSI totals. This could lead to increases in reinsurance losses if not factored into current modelling.
Flux-conserving directed percolation
Authors: Cucurull Barto , Huber Greg , Kawagoe Kyle , Pradas Marc , Pumir Alain , Wilkinson Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We discuss a model for directed percolation in which the flux of material along each bond is a dynamical variable. The model includes a physically significant limiting case where the total flux of material is conserved. We show that the distribution of fluxes is asymptotic to a power law at small fluxes. We give an implicit equation for the exponent, in terms of probabilities characterising site occupations. In one dimension the site occupations are exactly independent, and the model is exactly solvable. In two dimensions, the independent-occupation assumption gives a good approximation. We explore the relationship between this model and traditional models for directed percolation.
The sweet tabaiba or there and back again: phylogeographical history of the Macaronesian Euphorbia balsamifera
Authors: Rincón-Barrado Mario , Villaverde Tamara , Perez Manolo F , Sanmartín Isabel , Riina Ricarda 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Biogeographical relationships between the Canary Islands and north-west Africa are often explained by oceanic dispersal and geographical proximity. Sister-group relationships between Canarian and eastern African/Arabian taxa, the ‘Rand Flora’ pattern, are rare among plants and have been attributed to the extinction of north-western African populations. Euphorbia balsamifera is the only representative species of this pattern that is distributed in the Canary Islands and north-west Africa; it is also one of few species present in all seven islands. Previous studies placed African populations of E. balsamifera as sister to the Canarian populations, but this relationship was based on herbarium samples with highly degraded DNA. Here, we test the extinction hypothesis by sampling new continental populations; we also expand the Canarian sampling to examine the dynamics of island colonization and diversification.

Methods
Using target enrichment with genome skimming, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships within E. balsamifera and between this species and its disjunct relatives. A single nucleotide polymorphism dataset obtained from the target sequences was used to infer population genetic diversity patterns. We used convolutional neural networks to discriminate among alternative Canary Islands colonization scenarios.

Key Results
The results confirmed the Rand Flora sister-group relationship between western E. balsamifera and Euphorbia adenensis in the Eritreo-Arabian region and recovered an eastern–western geographical structure among E. balsamifera Canarian populations. Convolutional neural networks supported a scenario of east-to-west island colonization, followed by population extinctions in Lanzarote and Fuerteventura and recolonization from Tenerife and Gran Canaria; a signal of admixture between the eastern island and north-west African populations was recovered.

Conclusions
Our findings support the Surfing Syngameon Hypothesis for the colonization of the Canary Islands by E. balsamifera, but also a recent back-colonization to the continent. Populations of E. balsamifera from northwest Africa are not the remnants of an ancestral continental stock, but originated from migration events from Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. This is further evidence that oceanic archipelagos are not a sink for biodiversity, but may be a source of new genetic variability.
Two Cases of Viral Re-suppression After M184V + R263K Selection on Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Without Treatment Modification
Authors: Ursenbach Axel , Ruch Yvon , Hoellinger Baptiste , Fuchs Anne , Caspar Stéphanie , Jegou Frédérick , Rey David , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Mesplède Thibault , Gantner Pierre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) has a high genetic barrier against the development of human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance. We report 2 cases of R263K + M184V mutations during DTG/3TC failure followed by viral suppression after adherence intervention without treatment change that we attribute to residual drug activity, reduced viral fitness, and robust immune competence.
Cardiovascular multimodality imaging in women: a scientific statement of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Almeida Ana G , Grapsa Julia , Gimelli Alessia , Bucciarelli-Ducci Chiara , Gerber Bernhard , Ajmone-Marsan Nina , Bernard Anne , Donal Erwan , Dweck Marc R , Haugaa Kristina H , Hristova Krassimira , Maceira Alicia , Mandoli Giulia Elena , Mulvagh Sharon , Morrone Doralisa , Plonska-Gosciniak Edyta , Sade Leyla Elif , Shivalkar Bharati , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Shaw Leslee , Sitges Marta , von Kemp Berlinde , Pinto Fausto J , Edvardsen Thor , Petersen Steffen E , Cosyns Bernard ,   Reviewers: This document was reviewed by members of the 2022–2024 EACVI Scientific Documents Committee, Maurovich-Horvat Pal , Stankovic Ivan , Antonopoulos Alexios , Benedek Theodora , Bertrand Philippe , Bohbot Yohann , Cikes Maja , Dweck Marc , Garg Pankaj , Keenan Niall , Petrescu Aniela Monica , Ricci Fabrizio , Rossi Alexia , Szabo Liliana , Uusitalo Valtteri 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent an important cause of mortality and morbidity in women. It is now recognized that there are sex differences regarding the prevalence and the clinical significance of the traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors as well as the pathology underlying a range of CVDs. Unfortunately, women have been under-represented in most CVD imaging studies and trials regarding diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. There is therefore a clear need for further investigation of how CVD affects women along their life span. Multimodality CV imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of CVD in women as well as in prognosis, decision-making, and monitoring of therapeutics and interventions. However, multimodality imaging in women requires specific consideration given the differences in CVD between the sexes. These differences relate to physiological changes that only women experience (e.g. pregnancy and menopause) as well as variation in the underlying pathophysiology of CVD and also differences in the prevalence of certain conditions such as connective tissue disorders, Takotsubo, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection, which are all more common in women. This scientific statement on CV multimodality in women, an initiative of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology, reviews the role of multimodality CV imaging in the diagnosis, management, and risk stratification of CVD, as well as highlights important gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation.
On the Importance of Social Status for Occupational Sorting
Authors: Gola Paweł 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Models of self-selection predict that occupations with flat wage schedules attract workers of lower average ability. However, in certain prominent occupations such as academia and the civil service, wages are flat yet the average skill level is high. In this paper, I examine whether social status concerns can explain this puzzle. I find that within-occupation status allows flat wage occupations to attract predominantly high-skilled workers, but only at the cost of attracting few workers overall. If, however, workers care about both within- and between-occupation status then occupations paying flat wages can be arbitrarily large and attract workers of high average skill. I conclude that within- and between-occupation status concerns act as complements.
Upstream cascade reservoirs drive temporal beta diversity increases through species loss in a dammed river
Authors: Guimarães Durán Carolina Leite , Lansac-Tôha Fernando Miranda , Meira Bianca Ramos , Santana Loiani Oliveira , Oliveira Felipe Rafael , Matos Matheus Henrique de Oliveira , Velho Luiz Felipe Machado 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Changes in the biodiversity of aquatic environments over time and space due to human activities are a topic of theoretical and conservational interest in ecology. Thus, variation in taxonomic beta diversity of the planktonic ciliates community was investigated along a temporal and spatial gradient in two subsystems of a Neotropical floodplain, one impacted by dams (Paraná) and the other free of them along its course (Ivinhema). For the spatial analysis, the Paraná subsystem did not show a significant decrease in beta diversity, presenting a pattern like that observed for the Ivinhema subsystem. Therefore, biotic homogenization was not observed for the ciliate's community downstream of the dams. It was noted that there was a fluctuation in the relevance of the components of beta diversity, regardless of the subsystem analyzed. For the temporal analysis there was a significant change in species composition from the first to the last year investigated, essentially for the subsystem impacted by dams, and that this was determined mainly by species loss. Although spatial beta diversity remained high without a clear process of biotic homogenization, dams promoted remarkable changes in ciliate species composition over the years mainly by continuous loss of species.
Assessing the metabolism, phylogenomic, and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum
Authors: Wang Shuang , Narsing Rao Manik Prabhu , Quadri Syed Raziuddin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a genomic approach was employed to evaluate the metabolic potentials and taxonomic classification of the halophilic genus Halarchaeum. Genomic analysis revealed that Halarchaeum members exhibit a predilection for amino acids as their primary energy source in high-salinity environments over carbohydrates. Genome analysis unveiled the presence of crucial genes associated with metabolic pathways, including the Embden–Meyerhof pathway, semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway, and the urea cycle. Furthermore, the genomic analysis indicated that Halarchaeum members employ diverse mechanisms for osmotic regulation (encompassing both salt-in and salt-out strategies). Halarchaeum members also encode genes to alleviate acid and heat stress. The average nucleotide identity value between Halarchaeum solikamskense and Halarchaeum nitratireducens exceeded the established threshold (95%–96%) for defining distinct species. This high similarity suggests a close relationship between these two species, prompting the proposal to reclassify Halarchaeum solikamskense as a heterotypic synonym of Halarchaeum nitratireducens. The results of this study contribute to our knowledge of taxonomic classification and shed light on the adaptive strategies employed by Halarchaeum species in their specific ecological niches.
NATO's new front: deterrence moves eastward
Authors: Mälksoo Maria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Why has NATO taken so long in adapting its deterrence strategy to Russian revisionism and extending its military presence to the eastern allies? The setting up of NATO's Enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) in Poland and the Baltic states offers a critical case for examining the changing understandings of allied deterrence in the post-post-Cold War era. eFP is a story of negotiating the political acceptability and military credibility of NATO's modern extended deterrence strategy in the exposed eastern flank, and the navigation of the alliance security dilemma in relation to Russia while buttressing the eastern allies' physical and NATO's ontological security. This article traces NATO's extended conventional deterrence posture in the eastern flank from the adoption of the tripwire model shortly after Russia's annexation of Crimea to the commitment to defend ‘every inch of Allied territory’ via embracing the forward defence stance in 2022. Mapping the evolutionary curve of NATO's post-enlargement politics of deterrence through documentary analysis and interviews with diplomats and military representatives in NATO headquarters and national capitals, the article makes two contributions. Conceptually, it dissects the political rationalities and historical analogies underpinning contemporary allied deterrence strategy and posture in NATO's eastern frontline. Empirically, the study illustrates how allied deterrence is made to matter on the ground, and why this matters for deterrence credibility.
An Eulerian perspective on habitat models of striped bass occurrence in an offshore wind development area
Authors: Rothermel Ella R , O'Brien Michael H P , Best Jessica E , Fox Dewayne A , Gahagan Benjamin I , Higgs Amanda L , Park Ian A , Wippelhauser Gail , Secor David H 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Offshore wind energy development, including along the US Atlantic coast, frequently occurs within important multispecies migration corridors; however, assessing the regional factors influencing the local Eulerian occurrence of these species poses a significant challenge. We used generalized models incorporating lagged variables and hierarchical formulations to account for temporal dependencies and hierarchical structure that occur outside the narrower frame of a sampled project area. Acoustically tagged striped bass, the most frequently detected species regionally, were sampled using a gridded acoustic telemetry array in the Maryland Wind Energy Area of the US Mid-Atlantic Bight. The daily occurrence of striped bass was better explained by broad-scale sea surface temperature warming patterns than by local concurrent environmental conditions, demonstrating the importance of drivers that occur across the wider spatial scales of migration. Weekly residency patterns were similar between tagging origin groups, suggesting that Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River, Delaware Bay, and other Northwest Atlantic populations migrate synchronously through the Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight and are similarly influenced by sea surface temperature. Our study demonstrates that adapting an Eulerian approach to include lagged variables can improve regional assessments of fish on the move until richer Lagrangian insights become possible through future coordination of telemetry arrays throughout the Mid-Atlantic flyway.
Instability mechanism of overlying strata in a shallow interval goaf and structural model of the “W-shaped voussoir beam”
Authors: Wang Bin , Zhang Jie , Lin Haifei , Duan Jiangfei , Li Guangliang , Zhuo Qingsong , Wu Jianjun , He Yifeng , Gao Shoushi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
To study the failure mechanism of overlying strata (OS) in shallow insufficient mining areas, with a combination of such research approaches as field investigation, theoretical analysis, similarity simulation, and numerical simulation, this paper studies the temporal and spatial evolution of the failure mechanism of overlying stratum structure in a shallow-buried interval goaf. The results show that the creep failure of temporary coal pillar (TCP) in the interval goaf is a primary reason for the failure of the basic roof. With the failure of the basic roof, stress arches in the OS of the mining section become unstable, which expands the damage range of the overlying strata. Consequently, adjacent stress arches overlap with each other, forming a “trapezoidal–semi-elliptical arch” collapse shape. Thick soil layers gradually collapse to the ground surface, and the OS collapse as a whole into a trapezoid-like shape. Rotary failure appears in the basic roof of mining section, forming a W-shaped voussoir beam hinge structure. In this study, a structural model of a W-shaped voussoir beam in the OS is established, and the mechanical characteristics of rock blocks in the basic roof of overlying strata during different mining stages of the interval goaf are analyzed. Also, with a discrete element UDEC program, this study performs a simulation to verify the rationality of the W-shaped voussoir beam structural model of overlying stratum movement in the shallowly buried interval mining section.
Designing Interrogations
Authors: Ispano Alessandro , Vida Péter 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We provide a model of interrogations with two-sided asymmetric information. The suspect knows his status as guilty or innocent and the likely strength of the law enforcer’s evidence, which is informative about the suspect’s status and may also disprove lies. We compare prosecution errors in the equilibrium of the one-shot interrogation and in the optimal mechanism under full commitment. We describe a back-and-forth interrogation with disclosure of the evidence that implements the optimum in equilibrium without any commitment.
Credit risk, debt overhang, and the life cycle of callable bonds
Authors: Becker Bo , Campello Murillo , Thell Viktor , Yan Dong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We show that callable bonds have both higher yields and lower market prices than matched non-callable bonds of the same issuer-time, reflecting the value of call features to issuers and investors. This “value of callability” as well as the inclusion and the exercise of call rights are jointly determined by issuer credit quality. Critically, our agency-based theoretical and empirical analyses show that callability reduces debt overhang in corporate mergers. Our results help explain the value and increasing prevalence of callable bonds in credit markets.