bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐copy suppressor of the Saccharomyces cerevisae late‐mitotic mutants cdc15 and dbf2 is encoded by the Candida albicansCDC14 gene
Authors: Jiménez Javier , Cid Víctor J. , Nombela César , Sánchez Miguel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC15, DBF2, TEM1 and CDC14 genes encode regulatory proteins that play a crucial role in the latest stages of the M phase of the cell cycle. By complementation of a S. cerevisiae cdc15‐lyt1 mutant with a Candida albicans centromeric‐based genomic library, we have isolated a homologue of the protein phosphatase‐encoding gene CDC14. The sequence analysis of the C. albicans CDC14 gene reveals a putative open reading frame of 1626 base pairs interrupted by an intron located close to the 5′ region. Analysis of C. albicans cDNA proved that the intron is processed in vivo. The CaCDC14 gene shares 49% of amino acid sequence identity with the S. cerevisiae CDC14 gene, 46% with Schizosaccharomyces pombe homologue, 35% with Caenorhabditis elegans and 37% and 38% with human CDC14A and CDC14B genes, respectively. As expected, the C. albicans CDC14 gene complemented a S. cerevisiae cdc14‐1 mutant. We found that this gene was able to efficiently suppress not only a S.cerevisiae cdc15‐lyt1 mutant but also a dbf2‐2 mutant in a low number of copies and allowed growth, although very slightly, of a tem1 deletant. Overexpression of the human CDC14A and CDC14B genes complemented, although very poorly, S. cerevisiae cdc15‐lyt1 and dbf2‐2 mutants, suggesting a conserved function of these genes throughout phylogeny. The sequence of CaCDC14 was deposited in the EMBL database under Accession No. AJ243449. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cassettes for PCR‐mediated construction of green, yellow, and cyan fluorescent protein fusions in Candida albicans
Authors: Gerami‐Nejad Maryam , Berman Judith , Gale Cheryl A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have developed a set of plasmids containing fluorescent protein cassettes for use in PCR‐mediated gene tagging in Candida albicans. We engineered YFP and CFP variants of the GFP sequence optimized for C. albicans codon usage. The fluorescent protein sequences, linked to C. albicans auxotrophic marker sequences, were amplified by PCR and transformed directly into yeast. Gene‐specific sequence was incorporated into the PCR primers, such that the tag‐cassette integrates by homologous recombination at the 3′‐end of the gene of interest. This technique was used to tag Cdc3 and Tub1 with GFP, YFP and CFP, which were readily visualized by fluorescence microscopy and localized as expected. In addition, Tub1–YFP and Cdc3–CFP were visualized in the same cells. Thus, this technique directs one‐step construction of multiple fluorescent protein fusions, facilitating the study of protein co‐expression and co‐localization in C. albicans cells in vivo. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sulphur amino acid synthesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe represents a specific variant of sulphur metabolism in fungi
Authors: Brzywczy Jerzy , Sieńko Marzena , Kucharska Agnieszka , Paszewski Andrzej 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSchizosaccharomyces pombe, in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans, lacks cystathionine β‐synthase and cystathionine γ‐lyase, two enzymes in the pathway from methionine to cysteine. As a consequence, methionine cannot serve as an efficient sulphur source for the fungus and does not bring about repression of sulphur assimilation, which is under control of the cysteine‐mediated sulphur metabolite repression system. This system operates at the transcriptional level, as was shown for the homocysteine synthase encoding gene. Our results corroborate the growing evidence that cysteine is the major low‐molecular‐weight effector in the regulation of sulphur metabolism in bacteria, fungi and plants. The Sz. pombe homocysteine synthase gene sequence was submitted to GenBank under Accession No. AF012876. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hexose transporters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae play different roles during enological fermentation
Authors: Luyten Kattie , Riou Christine , Blondin Bruno 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigated the role of hexose transporters in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain derived from an industrial wine strain by carrying out a functional analysis of HXT genes 1–7 under enological conditions. A strain in which the sugar carrier genes HXT1–HXT7 were deleted was constructed and the HXT genes were expressed individually or in combination to evaluate their role under wine alcoholic fermentation conditions. No growth or fermentation was observed in winemaking conditions for the hxt1‐7Δ strain. The low‐affinity carriers Hxt1 and Hxt3 were the only carriers giving complete fermentation of sugars when expressed alone, indicating that these carriers play a predominant role in wine fermentation. However, these two carriers have different functions. The Hxt3 transporter is thought to play a major role, as it was the only carrier that gave an almost normal fermentation profile when produced alone. The hxt1 carrier was much less effective during the stationary phase and its role is thought to be restricted to the beginning of fermentation. The high‐affinity carriers Hxt2, Hxt6 and/or Hxt7 were also required for normal fermentation. These high‐affinity transporters have different functions: hxt2 is involved in growth initiation, whereas Hxt6 and/or Hxt7 are required at the end of alcoholic fermentation. This work shows that the successful alcoholic fermentation of wine involves at least four or five hexose carriers, playing different roles at various stages in the fermentation cycle. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation of Biliary Bile Acid Output to Hepatic Adenosine Triphosphate Level and Biliary Indocyanine Green Excretion in Humans
Authors: Chijiiwa Kazuo , Mizuta Atsushi , Ueda Junji , Takamatsu Yuji , Nakamura Kenji , Watanabe Masato , Kuroki Syoji , Tanaka Masao 
Published: August 2002

We have previously demonstrated that there are two subgroups of patients with different types of biliary bile acid output after relief of obstructive jaundice by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). The reason for two groups is not clear but is possibly the difference in hepatic reserve function. The aim of this study was to examine the relation of biliary bile acid output to the hepatic ATP level and biliary excretion rate of indocyanine green (ICG) in humans. Patients whose bile could be collected through a PTBD tube participated in this study. The mean serum total bilirubin concentration was 12.7 mg/dl at the time of PTBD,
decreasing to 1.1 mg/dl before surgery. These patients underwent curative resection for cancer of the bile duct, duodenal papilla, or pancreatic head after the relief of hyperbilirubinemia. Bile was collected at 1‐hour intervals for 5 hours after intravenous administration of ICG (0.5 mg/kg) within a few days before surgery, and a small liver tissue sample was obtained immediately after laparotomy without using ischemic procedures. The concentrations of total bile acid and ICG in bile, the bile flow rate, and the bile acid output and ICG excretion rate in bile over 5 hours were determined. ATP concentrations in liver tissue were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results of hepatic ATP levels were correlated with the bile acid output and ICG excretion rate into bile. Both the biliary bile acid output (micromoles per 5 hours) and ICG excretion rate (percent of injected dose of ICG) over 5 hours were significantly correlated with the hepatic ATP level (p = 0.0190 and p = 0.0084, respectively). Neither the bile flow rate nor the serum liver function tests were related to the hepatic ATP level. Significant correlation was found between the bile acid output and the ICG excretion rate (p = 0.0127). Biliary bile acid output reflects the hepatic ATP level. Determination of the biliary bile acid output and ICG excretion may provide useful parameters for evaluating the hepatic energy status, which is essential for organ viability.
Early Colorectal Cancer with Special Reference to the Superficial Nonpolypoid Type from a Histopathologic Point of View
Authors: Ajioka Yoichi , Watanabe Hidenobu , Kazama Shinsuke , Hashidate Hideki , Yokoyama Junji , Yamada Satoshi , Takaku Hideya , Nishikura Ken 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe incidence and histopathologic characteristics of nonpolypoid (superficial type) early colorectal carcinomas were studied and compared with those of the polypoid type. The superficial type was subclassified as elevated (type IIa), type IIa with central depression (type IIa+IIc), plain (type IIb), depressed (type IIc), and IIc with marginal elevation (type IIc+IIa). The superficial type comprised 22% and 27% of intramucosal and submucosal carcinomas, respectively. Pure type IIb was not found, and there were only three pure type IIc lesions. Type IIa+IIc and IIc+IIa (and IIc) showed a significantly higher rate of submucosal invasion among the small tumors (59% and 71% less than 20 mm, respectively) compared to the polypoid type; type IIa showed no significant difference. The incidence of lymph node metastasis among submucosal carcinomas showed no significant difference between the superficial type and the polypoid type. About 64% and 52% of type IIa and IIa+IIc tumors accompanied residual adenoma, suggesting that they originated from small, flat adenomas through the adenoma—carcinoma sequence, whereas type IIc+IIa (and IIc) did not have an adenomatous component, implying that they arose de novo or originated through an adenoma—carcinoma sequence at a smaller size than the type IIa and IIa+IIc lesions. Superficial‐type early colorectal carcinomas are not rare, and they are not uniform in nature. Rapid growth and invasion to the submucosa is characteristic of superficial‐type lesions with a central depression, and only superficial depressed (type IIc+IIa, IIc) lesions can arise de novo. Although they grow rapidly to invade the submucosa, it cannot be said that they show more aggressive behavior than the polypoid type.
Nuclear Medicine Applications for Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Chatal J.F. , Le Bodic M.F. , Kraeber‐Bodéré F. , Rousseau C. , Resche I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSensitive, specific radiopharmaceuticals are available for scintigraphic diagnosis and internal radiotherapy of neuroendocrine tumors. 123I‐MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) scintigraphy is the examination of choice for visualizing tumor sites of pheochromocytoma. In the event of malignant pheochromocytoma or carcinoid tumor, this examination allows assessment of the presence or absence of tumor uptake and can guide radiotherapy with 131I‐MIBG. The peptides secreted by neuroendocrine tumors can be radiolabeled for targeting of their specific receptors. Scintigraphy using a 111In‐labeled somatostatin analog (octreotide) is the examination of choice for diagnosis of the spread of gastroenteropancreatic and carcinoid tumors, as it is more sensitive than morphologic imaging techniques. It can also guide radiotherapy performed with the same pharmaceutical vector. These same two agents (MIBG and octreotide) can be used therapeutically by replacing 123I with 131I and 111In by 90Y. A transient palliative effect is obtained for a variable number of tumors (most often large ones) that take up the radiopharmaceutic agent well. There is general consensus that, for relatively radioresistant solid tumors, this type of radiotherapy is efficient only in the event of small tumor targets (a few millimeters in diameter) whose uptake is maximal, allowing more homogeneous distribution than that achieved with large tumors. Thus for optimal control of the disease it is recommended first to use scintigraphic imaging to confirm that the tumor takes up the radiopharmaceutical agent in question (123I‐MIBG or 111In‐octreotide) and then reduce the tumor burden surgically before injecting high therapeutic activity (possibly with reinjection of peripheral stem cells). This treatment can be repeated three times every 3 months before evaluating the response. In these conditions, internal radiotherapy can be beneficial or even determinant for controlling disease progression.
Creation, Evaluation, and Continuing Assurance of Excellence of the Certified Surgical Specialist
Authors: Nyhus Lloyd M. , Idezuki Yasuo , Sheldon Donald , McCusker Ivan , Griffen Ward O. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA position paper on the subject of certified surgical specialists was published in 1966 under the direction of Professor Charles Wells of Liverpool, England. President John Terblanche of the International Federation of Surgical Colleges brought together leaders in surgical education from four nations (Australia, Japan, South Africa, United States) to update current “state‐of‐the art” views. Presentations were made at the 38th Congress of the International Society of Surgery, August 18, 1999 in Vienna, Austria. After careful review of the four presentations, it was clear that surgeons all over the world have made great improvements in the many facets of surgical education. Yet the advances remain spotty, with gaps noted when viewed from an international perspective.
Outcome of Surgical Intervention for Rectoneovaginal Fistulas in Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuester‐Hauser Syndrome
Authors: Schult Marc , Wolters Heiner H. , Lellé Rainer J. , Winde Günther , Senninger Norbert 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCreation of a neovagina to treat vaginal atresia or aplasia in Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuester‐Hauser syndrome must always be followed by long‐term application of dilators to avoid shrinkage. However, rectoneovaginal fistulas are caused by chronic alteration and consecutive necrosis of the posterior neovaginal wall. We evaluated retrospectively the postoperative outcome of rectal wall and neovaginal reconstruction using a standardized surgical technique in an exclusive collection of women. Eight women with a mean age of 28 years (range 22–31 years) were treated for rectoneovaginal fistulas in our clinic. Preoperatively, proctoscopy, sphincter manometry, endoluminal rectal ultrasonography, and colonoscopy were performed; and regular postoperative follow‐up by digital examination and rectoscopy were obligate. The standard surgical procedure via a perineal approach included fistulectomy and closure of the mucosa and rectal wall followed by a levatorplasty. All but one woman had a temporary colostomy. After 2 weeks the patients were allowed to wear vaginal dilators of a smaller size. Within the mean follow‐up period of 20 months, reintervention was necessary twice because of late fistula relapse detected by proctoscopy, barium enema, and subjective symptoms. Morbidity was 25% (n= 2) due to secondary superficial wound healing or urinary tract infection. The average time of the hospital stay was 13 days (10–14 days). One patient complained of vaginal shrinkage and underwent local estrogen therapy with a good functional result 3 months later. Proper fistulectomy and surgical reconstruction with interpositioning of well perfused muscle layers achieved good functional outcome with an acceptable number of minor morbidities. Local estrogen treatment is helpful for avoiding scarification and decreasing the neovaginal size.
Value of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy for Preoperative Localization of Carcinoids
Authors: Kisker O. , Weinel R.J. , Geks J. , Zacara F. , Joseph K. , Rothmund M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost carcinoid primary tumors are small and do not cause symptoms until complications (e.g. intestinal obstruction) or symptoms and signs of the carcinoid syndrome occur. Therefore in most cases an assessment of the primary tumor and its metastases must be performed. To determine the value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) for localizing carcinoid tumors, we compared the results of SRS with those obtained with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) in 22 patients who had not undergone surgery for removal of the primary tumor. We could not find an advantage of SRS over CT and US for detecting the primary lesions. Tumors > 2 cm in diameter were regularly detected using all methods. SRS was not superior to CT or US for the detection of liver metastases. SRS showed the liver metastases in 16 of 18 patients, whereas CT and US detected liver metastases in all patients. For localization of extrahepatic abdominal and extraabdominal metastases (lymph nodes, bone), whole‐body SRS showed an advantage over CT and US. We conclude that SRS is not superior to CT or US for localization of primary carcinoid tumors or liver metastases, although it did prove successful for visualizing extrahepatic and extraabdominal tumor spread. Additionally, SRS is useful for identifying receptor‐positive metastases that may be treated by somatostatin analogs. Thus SRS should be performed in patients with a known carcinoid tumor, except those with an appendiceal carcinoid measuring < 1 cm in diameter.
Characteristic Histologic Features of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Mutant p53 Protein
Authors: Okuda Toyokazu , Hirohashi Kazuhiro , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Wakasa Kenichi , Sakurai Masami 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells with mutant (m) p53 protein histologically, we examined 68 main nodules and 20 accessory lesions of 72 patients with HCC who underwent hepatic resection between October 1990 and September 1993. Some sections were fixed in periodate‐lysine‐paraformaldehyde, embedded in OCT compound, and stained with the mouse monoclonal antibody PAb1801 to m‐p53 protein by the immunoperoxidase technique with avidin‐biotin complexes. Other sections were fixed in 20% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with the mouse monoclonal antibody DO‐1 to m‐p53 protein in the same way. Lesions in which cells had nuclei stained for m‐p53 protein were defined as being positive for the protein; 25 of the 68 main nodules and 14 of the 20 accessory lesions were positive. Large main nodules were more likely to be positive than small ones. Microscopic examination showed that a larger proportion of poorly differentiated main nodules than well differentiated nodules were positive. Larger proportions of main nodules with extracapsular invasion, septa, portal thrombi, or intrahepatic metastases were positive than main nodules without these features. Accessory lesions that seemed to be metastatic were almost all positive, but few accessory lesions that seemed to be of multicentric occurrence were positive. Our results suggest that lesions with m‐p53 protein had a high grade of malignancy and metastasized readily.
Somatostatin Receptor Localization of Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
Authors: Corleto V.D. , Scopinaro F. , Angeletti S. , Materia A. , Basso N. , Polettini E. , Annibale B. , Schillaci O. , D’Ambra G. , Marignani M. , Gualdi G. , Bordi C. , Passaro E.J. , Delle Fave G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors are difficult to localize. At the same time the tumor is localized, though, there is an opportunity for cure or to remove tumor tissue. In this study we have prospectively examined the ability of 111In‐octreotide scintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) to localize tumor lesions in 24 patients with a biochemical or histologic diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor. In eight patients a surgical assessment of the imaging results was prospectively performed. Planar and abdominal single‐photon emission tomography (SPET) images acquired 4 and 24 hours after 180 to 220 MBq of 111In‐octreotide injection were evaluated and compared with conventional imaging techniques. SPET scintigraphy visualized more presumed tumor lesions (n= 39) than conventional imaging studies (MRI,n= 25; CT,n= 13); 23 of 24 patients had positive octreotide scintigraphy, 17 of 24 had positive MRI‐scans, and 12 of 24 patients had positive CT scans. It was concluded that 111In‐octreotide scintigraphy combined with conventional imaging improves the preoperative localization of presumably tumorous lesions in patients with gastroenterohepatic endocrine tumors.
Comparison of Routine and Selective Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography before Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Tanaka Masao , Sada Masayuki , Eguchi Toru , Konomi Hiroyuki , Naritomi Gen , Takeda Torahiko , Ogawa Yoshiaki , Chijiiwa Kazuo , Deenitchin Georgi P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) before laparoscopic cholecystectomy, we compared the frequency of concomitant common bile duct stones, their clinical outcome, and the frequency of bile duct injury between a group of 128 patients with routine preoperative ERC (group A) and 1010 patients with selective ERC (group B). Overall, 48 patients (4.2%) had duct stones, but the predictive signs were absent in six of them (12.5%). The stones were demonstrated by ERC and removed by sphincterotomy in all 11 patients in group A. Of 37 patients in group B, 22 were diagnosed by selective ERC and underwent endoscopic removal. Of four patients whose stones were found by operative cholangiography, one had immediate open surgery, another passed a stone spontaneously, and the other two underwent postoperative sphincterotomy, which failed in one. The stones were not recognized until pain recurred in the remaining 11 patients. Sphincterotomy was successful in nine patients but failed in the other two. Thus postoperative sphincterotomy failed in 3 of 13 patients (23%), necessitating open surgery. Forty‐two patients overall (3.7%) had aberrant biliary tract anatomy, which did not lead to bile duct injury in any of the patients. Morbidity of routine ERC (3.1%) was lower than that of selective ERC (7.4%) (p< 0.05). It should be noted that a certain proportion of duct stones may be missed by selective ERC, necessitating laparotomy when sphincterotomy fails. The routine use of preoperative ERC may be justified at institutions where the expertise is available, at least until laparoscopic lithotomy becomes easy.
Side Localization of Parathyroid Adenomas by Simplified Intraoperative Venous Sampling for Parathyroid Hormone
Authors: Bergenfelz Anders , Algotsson Lars , Roth Bengt , Isaksson Anders , Tibblin Sten 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSide localization of parathyroid adenomas was performed by venous sampling for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 20 consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) after induction of anesthesia. The results were thus available during surgery. Nineteen of the patients had solitary parathyroid adenoma, and one had hyperplasia. There was no complication to the procedure. A lateralizing PTH gradient for a parathyroid adenoma was obtained in 13 patients. At surgery 12 of them (92%) were proved correct; that is, the adenoma was localized on the same side. Thus the technique correctly lateralized the adenoma in 12 of 19 patients (63%). We therefore conclude that the method of intraoperative venous sampling for intact PTH is safe, and the predictive value of a lateralizing gradient is high. It could therefore be used as an adjunct to surgical skill and noninvasive localization procedures in selected cases, for instance in patients with prior neck surgery and hypercalcemic crisis.