bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective inhibition of the binding of rac‐profens to human serum albumin induced by lithocholate
Authors: Bertucci Carlo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe reversible binding of lithocholate to human serum albumin determines a decrease of the binding of rac‐ketoprofen. The process was followed by displacement chromatography using increasing concentrations of the competitor, i.e., lithocholate, in the mobile phase. The inhibition of rac‐ketoprofen binding resulting was enantioselective and greater displacement was observed for the (S) enantiomer. The displacement process resulting was competitive in nature, the two enantiomers of ketoprofen binding to the same binding site as the modifier. The investigation was extended to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. The enantioselective binding inhibition was larger in the case of rac‐naproxen and rac‐suprofen with respect to the phenomenon observed in the case of rac‐ketoprofen. The difference in circular dichroism spectroscopy was also used to characterize the binding of lithocholate to human serum albumin. This bile acid was proven to bind to site II on human serum albumin. The results, as obtained by displacement chromatography and difference circular dichroism spectroscopy, strongly support the hypothesized role of bile acids in inducing the enantioselective inhibition of ketoprofen binding to human serum albumin in patients suffering from liver diseases. Chirality 13:372–378, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polar ejection forces are operative in crane‐fly spermatocytes, but their action is limited to the spindle periphery
Authors: LaFountain James R. , Cole Richard W. , Rieder Conly L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLaser microsurgery was employed to reveal kinetochore‐independent forces acting on chromosome arms in crane‐fly spermatocytes. When a portion of an arm situated along the interpolar axis between the equator and a pole was cut off, the resultant acentric fragment was transported poleward and outward into the peripheral domain of the spindle. If the fragment was generated well in advance of the onset of anaphase, then at the spindle periphery, it changed direction and moved away from the pole and back toward the equator. That domain‐specific movement—poleward in the central spindle and away from the pole at the spindle periphery—not only provides the first evidence for polar ejection forces acting on acentric fragments in a meiotic system, but it is the first example of kinetochore‐independent forces in both directions at the same stage of division. Sniglets generated by laser pulses directed at specific sites in the spindle revealed that the mechanism underlying ejection forces was specific to chromosomes. At anaphase onset, polar ejection forces ceased, and pole‐directed forces took over. At that time, chromosome fragments that had been ejected to the equator moved poleward again, providing clear evidence for kinetochore‐independent forces on chromosome arms during anaphase. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:16–26, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Chlamydomonas MBO2 locus encodes a conserved coiled‐coil protein important for flagellar waveform conversion
Authors: Tam Lai‐Wa , Lefebvre Paul A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractChlamydomonas flagella can undergo a calcium‐dependent conversion between an asymmetric ciliary waveform and a symmetric flagellar waveform. Mutations at three MBO loci abolish the predominant ciliary waveform and result in cells that move backward only with the flagellar waveform. We have cloned and characterized the MBO2 gene. It encodes a novel protein with extensive alpha‐helical coiled‐coils and two leucine zippers. Sequences highly similar to MBO2p were found in a variety of organisms with cilia and flagella, suggesting that the MBO2 gene function may be conserved in many diverse taxa. Antibodies to MBO2p recognized an axonemal protein of 110 kDa, which appeared to be tightly associated with doublet microtubules. The protein was present in flagella of a variety of paralyzed flagellar mutants that lacked different axonemal structures, indicating that MBO2p is a component of a previously uncharacterized flagellar protein complex. In contrast to the earlier suggestion that the MBO2 gene may encode a component of an intramicrotubular beak‐like structure present only proximally in flagella, we localized an epitope‐tagged MBO2p along the entire length of the flagella. Moreover, the insertion of a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope in the conserved C‐terminal domain of MBO2p reduced the swimming velocity of cells transformed with the epitope‐tagged gene. These results indicate that MBO2p may play a role both in the assembly of the beak‐like structure and the regulation of the force‐generation machinery during the ciliary beat. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:197–212, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantification of Shigella IcsA required for bacterial actin polymerization
Authors: Magdalena Juana , Goldberg Marcia B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractShigella move through the cytoplasm of host cells by active polymerization of host actin to form an “actin tail.” Actin tail assembly is mediated by the Shigella protein IcsA. The process of Shigella actin assembly has been studied extensively using IcsA‐expressing Escherichia coli in cytoplasmic extracts of Xenopus eggs. However, for reasons that have been unclear, wild type Shigella does not assemble actin in these extracts. We show that the defect in actin assembly in Xenopus extracts by Shigella can be rescued by increasing IcsA expression by approximately 3‐fold. We calculate that the number of IcsA molecules required on an individual bacterium to assemble actin filaments in extracts is approximately 1,500–2,100 molecules, and the number of IcsA molecules required to assemble an actin tail is approximately 4,000 molecules. The majority of wild type Shigella do not express these levels of IcsA when grown in vitro. However, in infected host cells, IcsA expression is increased 3.2‐fold, such that the number of IcsA molecules on a significant percentage of intracellular wild type Shigella would exceed that required for actin assembly in extracts. Thus, the number of IcsA molecules estimated from our studies in extracts as being required on an individual bacterium to assemble actin filaments or an actin tail is a reasonable prediction of the numbers required for these functions in Shigella‐infected cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 51:187–196, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buckling of actin stress fibers: A new wrinkle in the cytoskeletal tapestry
Authors: Costa Kevin D. , Hucker William J. , Yin Frank C.‐P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntracellular tension is considered an important determinant of cytoskeletal architecture and cell function. However, many details about cytoskeletal tension remain poorly understood because these forces cannot be directly measured in living cells. Therefore, we have developed a method to characterize the magnitude and distribution of pre‐extension of actin stress fibers (SFs) due to resting tension in the cytoskeleton. Using a custom apparatus, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured on a pre‐stretched silicone substrate coated with a fibronectin‐like polymer. Release of the substrate caused SFs aligned in the shortening direction in adhered cells to buckle when compressed rapidly (5% shortening per second or greater) beyond their unloaded slack length. Subsequently, the actin cytoskeleton completely disassembled in 5 sec and reassembled within 60 sec. Quantification of buckling in digital fluorescent micrographs of cells fixed and stained with rhodamine phalloidin indicated a nonuniform distribution of 0–26% pre‐extension of SFs in non‐locomoting HAECs. Local variability suggests heterogeneity of cytoskeletal tension and/or stiffness within individual cells. These findings provide new information about the magnitude and distribution of cytoskeletal tension and the dynamics of actin stress fibers, and the approach offers a novel method to elucidate the role of specific cytoskeletal elements and crosslinking proteins in the force generating apparatus of non‐muscle cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:266–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estramustine phosphate combined with orchidectomy as first‐line therapy in patients with prostate carcinoma
Authors: Pelger Rob C. M. , Lycklama À Nijeholt Guus a. B. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Hamdy Neveen A. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe role of age as a prognostic factor for survival remains debatable in patients with prostate carcinoma.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective study of the significance of age as a prognostic factor for survival and progression free survival in 386 patients who underwent orchidectomy for locally advanced or metastatic prostate carcinoma, 75% of whom had T0–T4,M1 disease. After undergoing orchidectomy, 192 patients received no further therapeutic intervention, whereas 194 patients received additional treatment with estramustine phosphate (EMP) as first‐line therapy.RESULTSThe findings confirmed that age was a significant prognostic factor for survival and progression free survival in patients with prostate carcinoma as well as a predictor of response to chemotherapy. The data also showed that, although combining orchidectomy with EMP appeared to be beneficial in younger patients, using this relatively more aggressive therapeutic approach as first‐line therapy in older patients (age ≥ 80 years) may shorten their survival.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings call for caution with the additional use of EMP as first‐line therapy in older patient with prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:2596–601. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10558
Axonopathy, tau abnormalities, and dyskinesia, but no neurofibrillary tangles in p25‐transgenic mice
Authors: Bian Feng , Nath Rathna , Sobocinski Gregg , Booher Robert N. , Lipinski William J. , Callahan Michael J. , Pack Amy , Wang Kevin K.‐W. , Walker Lary C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNeurofibrillary tangles, one of the pathologic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed of abnormally polymerized tau protein. The hyperphosphorylation of tau alters its normal cellular function and is thought to promote the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. Growing evidence suggests that cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) plays a role in tau phosphorylation, but the function of the enzyme in tangle formation remains uncertain. In AD, cdk5 is constitutively activated by p25, a highly stable, 25kD protein thought to be increased in the AD brain. To test the hypothesis that p25/cdk5 interactions promote neurofibrillary pathology, we created transgenic mouse lines that overexpress the human p25 protein specifically in neurons. Mice with high transgenic p25 expression have augmented cdk5 activity and develop severe hindlimb semiparalysis and mild forelimb dyskinesia beginning at approximately 3 months of age. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses showed widespread axonal degeneration with focal accumulation of tau in various regions of the brain and, to a lesser extent, the spinal cord. However, there was no evidence of neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal somata or axons, nor were paired helical filaments evident ultrastructurally. These studies confirm that p25 overexpression can lead to tau abnormalities and axonal degeneration in vivo but do not support the hypothesis that p25‐related induction of cdk5 is a primary event in the genesis of neurofibrillary tangles. J. Comp. Neurol. 446:257–266, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and its messenger RNA in the brain of rainbow trout by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization
Authors: Vetillard Angelique , Benanni Sanae , Saligaut Christian , Jego Patrick , Bailhache Thierry 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis report describes the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐expressing structures in the brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). TH neurons have been localized by the use of two complementary techniques, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization of TH messenger RNA. Results obtained from in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry were in agreement. TH cells were observed in many areas of the brain, with a higher density at the level of the olfactory bulbs where TH‐positive neurons are abundant in the internal cell layer. In the telencephalon, two populations of TH neurons can be distinguished: one group is located in the area ventralis telencephali pars dorsalis, and the other group is located in the area ventralis telencephali pars ventralis and extends laterally in the area ventralis telencephali pars lateralis. Many labeled neurons are also seen in the preoptic area as well as in the hypothalamus, where several clusters of TH‐positive cells are observed. Some of these neurons located in the paraventricular organ grow a short cytoplasmic extension directed to the ventricular wall and are known to be cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells. The most caudal TH neurons are observed at the level of the locus caeruleus. At the level of the pituitary, TH‐positive fibers are observed in the neurohypophysis. The TH‐immunoreactive innervation at the level of the pituitary provides a neuroanatomic basis for the effects of dopamine and/or norepinephrine on the release of pituitary hormones in fish. J. Comp. Neurol. 449:374–389, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cell adhesion molecule BEN defines a prosensory patch in the developing avian otocyst
Authors: Goodyear Richard J. , Kwan Tao , Oh Seung‐Ha , Raphael Yehoash , Richardson Guy P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe distribution of the cell adhesion molecule BEN in the developing chick inner ear is described. BEN is first detected in the otic placode at stage 11. As the placode begins to invaginate, BEN becomes concentrated in a ventromedial region extending from the anterior to the posterior end of the otic pit. BEN expression levels increase in this region as the pit closes to form the otocyst, and distinct boundaries become defined along the dorsal and ventral edges of the ventromedial band of BEN expression. BEN expression also becomes concentrated dorsally within the otic epithelium as the pit closes and is observed in the condensing otic ganglion. By stage 22, the ventromedial band of BEN expression splits into two distinct regions, a small caudal patch within which the posterior crista will develop, and a larger anterior patch. By stage 26, this larger anterior patch of cells expressing BEN becomes subdivided into five separate areas corresponding to the regions within which the anterior crista, the lateral crista, the utricle, the saccule, and both the basilar papilla and lagenar macula form. Hair cells only develop within these regions defined by BEN distribution. The data suggest that the ventromedial patch of BEN expression observed from stage 11 onwards defines a single sensory competent zone from which all sensory organs of the inner ear develop. BEN immunoreactivity in the inner ear declines after stage 38. In response to noise exposure, upregulation of BEN expression is mainly detected in regions of the posthatch papilla where the damage is severe and regenerating hair cells are not observed. The regenerating hair and supporting cells do not express BEN, highlighting a molecular difference between the processes of development and regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 434:275–288, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computation of a few smallest eigenvalues of elliptic operators using fast elliptic solvers
Authors: Martikainen Janne , Rossi Tuomo , Toivanen Jari 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe computation of a few smallest eigenvalues of generalized algebraic eigenvalue problems is studied. The considered problems are obtained by discretizing self‐adjoint second‐order elliptic partial differential eigenvalue problems in two‐ or three‐dimensional domains. The standard Lanczos algorithm with the complete orthogonalization is used to compute some eigenvalues of the inverted eigenvalue problem. Under suitable assumptions, the number of Lanczos iterations is shown to be independent of the problem size. The arising linear problems are solved using some standard fast elliptic solver. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the inverted problem is much easier to solve with the Lanczos algorithm that the original problem. In these experiments, the underlying Poisson and elasticity problems are solved using a standard multigrid method. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the logarithmic stress singularities induced by the use of displacement shape functions in boundary conditions in submodelling
Authors: Sinclair G. B. , Epps B. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSubmodelling of elastic stress concentrations is considered. In particular, the use of displacement shape functions in boundary conditions for submodels is examined. In general, at boundary nodes such displacements contain step discontinuities in their derivatives. These discontinuities are here shown to lead to spurious logarithmic singularities in the boundary stresses. Consequently, it is probably better to use an alternative to displacement shape functions in submodel boundary conditions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new parallel domain decomposition method for the adaptive finite element solution of elliptic partial differential equations
Authors: Bank Randolph E. , Jimack Peter K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe present a new domain decomposition algorithm for the parallel finite element solution of elliptic partial differential equations. As with most parallel domain decomposition methods each processor is assigned one or more subdomains and an iteration is devised which allows the processors to solve their own subproblem(s) concurrently. The novel feature of this algorithm however is that each of these subproblems is defined over the entire domain—although the vast majority of the degrees of freedom for each subproblem are associated with a single subdomain (owned by the corresponding processor). This ensures that a global mechanism is contained within each of the subproblems tackled and so no separate coarse grid solve is required in order to achieve rapid convergence of the overall iteration. Furthermore, by following the paradigm introduced in 15, it is demonstrated that this domain decomposition solver may be coupled easily with a conventional mesh refinement code, thus allowing the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of mesh adaptivity to be utilized in a well load‐balanced manner. Finally, numerical evidence is presented which suggests that this technique has significant potential, both in terms of the rapid convergence properties and the efficiency of the parallel implementation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PoLAPACK: parallel factorization routines with algorithmic blocking
Authors: Choi Jaeyoung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLU, QR, and Cholesky factorizations are the most widely used methods for solving dense linear systems of equations, and have been extensively studied and implemented on vector and parallel computers. Most of these factorization routines are implemented with block‐partitioned algorithms in order to perform matrix–matrix operations, that is, to obtain the highest performance by maximizing reuse of data in the upper levels of memory, such as cache. Since parallel computers have different performance ratios of computation and communication, the optimal computational block sizes are different from one another in order to generate the maximum performance of an algorithm. Therefore, the ata matrix should be distributed with the machine specific optimal block size before the computation. Too small or large a block size makes achieving good performance on a machine nearly impossible. In such a case, getting a better performance may require a complete redistribution of the data matrix.In this paper, we present parallel LU, QR, and Cholesky factorization routines with an ‘algorithmic blocking’ on two‐dimensional block cyclic data distribution. With the algorithmic blocking, it is possible to obtain the near optimal performance irrespective of the physical block size. The routines are implemented on the Intel Paragon and the SGI/Cray T3E and compared with the corresponding ScaLAPACK factorization routines. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and optimization of a novel CMOS multiplier
Authors: Giustolisi G. , Palmisano G. , Palumbo G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA novel CMOS voltage multiplier is proposed which is based on MOS transistors in the saturation region and uses a resistor load. A pencil‐and‐paper optimized design procedure and a detailed analysis of second‐order non‐idealities which affect the multiplier core are given. The circuit has been designed with a 1.2 µm CMOS process setting a 3 V power supply and simulations have been performed to validate results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperreal transients in transfinite RLC networks
Authors: Zemanian A. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUp to the present time, there have been no transient analyses of RLC transfinite networks. Standard analyses of transfinite networks have been restricted to purely resistive ones. In this paper, it is shown how non‐standard analysis can be used to examine the transient behaviour of transfinite networks having lumped resistors, inductors, and capacitors. To do so, the time line is expanded into the hyperreal time line, and the transients obtained take on hyperreal values. It is also shown how the diffusion of signals on artificial RC cables and the propagation of waves on artificial RLC transmission lines can ‘pass through infinity’ and penetrate transfinite extensions of those cables and lines. Less precisely but more suggestively, we can say that diffusions and waves can reach—with appreciable values—nodes that are transfinitely far away from their starting points, but that it will take infinitely long times in order to get there. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency‐domain grouping robust fault diagnosis for analog circuits with uncertainties
Authors: Chang Yuen‐Haw 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA new frequency‐domain grouping robust fault diagnosis (GRFD) scheme, based on the design for both grouping‐robust estimation/evaluation of component variation rate and Boolean‐based decision process, is proposed for solving fault diagnosis of large‐scale analog circuits with uncertainties, including both component tolerances and measurement errors.In this scheme, first, grouping‐robust estimators for one partitioning of all component groups, designed by using grouping‐full‐column rank output measurement technique, are employed to estimate the component variation rate. Secondly, based on the faulty possibility judgment policy suggested in this research, grouping‐robust evaluators are employed for the careful evaluation of component variation rate in order to reduce the effect of both component tolerances and measurement errors on the diagnostic test result for one partitioning. Next, both repeating the same one‐partitioning GRFD for a variety of partitionings and combining Boolean‐based decision process, an overall GRFD scheme is proposed for achieving analog fault diagnosis. Finally, a fault diagnosis example of a large‐scale analog circuit is illustrated. The results indicate that without any a priori information about the type of component failure, a precise t‐diagnosable case for a large‐scale circuit with component tolerances and measurement errors is accomplished at the lowest measurement cost. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.