bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior cruciate ligament resection increases intraoperative lateral and medial flexion laxity during total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Alloun Nathan , Orsi Alexander , Plaskos Christopher , Brosset Thomas , Boureau Florian , Putman Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
This study reports the relationship between posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) retention vs resection and soft tissue laxity and balance throughout flexion using a robotically controlled ligament tensioner.

Methods
55 robotic-assisted TKAs (Total knee arthroplasty) were retrospectively reviewe. The robotic ligament tensioner collected laxity data both before and after PCL resection. Medial and lateral coronal laxity were compared before and after PCL resection at 10°, 45°, and 90° flexion. Gap opening was compared between pre-operative coronal hip-knee-ankle groups.

Results
Lateral laxity was greater after PCL resection at 60° (12.7 ± 2 vs 11.5 ± 3 mm), 75° (13.2 ± 2 vs 11.8 ± 3 mm), and 90° (13.7 ± 2 vs 12.1 ± 3 mm). Medial laxity was significantly greater after PCL resection at 90° (10.1 ± 2 vs 9 ± 2 mm). After PCL resection, laxity in valgus knees increased more compared to neutral/varus knees laterally at 30° (1.2 ± 1 vs 0.3 ± 1 mm), 45° (1.6 ± 1 vs 0.6 ± 1 mm), and 60° (2.1 ± 2 vs 1 ± 1 mm). A similar, but non-significant trend was observed at 90° (2.7 ± 2 vs 1.5 ± 1 mm, p = 0.09).

Conclusion
PCL resection increases flexion laxity laterally by up to 1.6 mm and medially by 1.1 mm on average, with valgus knees increasing more than neutral/varus knees. The findings emphasize that surgeons should consider the interplay between PCL resection and coronal deformity when planning and executing TKA procedures.
The association between systolic and diastolic dysfunction and autonomic nervous system function in children receiving chronic hemodialysis
Authors: Elaziz Ola H. Abd , Ahmad Ghada M. S. , Elgawad Salwa S. Abd , Elhady Fatma , Hamdy Rehab M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Changes in cardiac function and structure as well as their association with the cardiac autonomic nervous system remain incompletely characterized in children with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving hemodialysis (HD).

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 40 Egyptian children with CKD on regular HD compared to 40 age- and sex-matched healthy children. All participants underwent thorough clinical examination, laboratory investigations, 24-h Holter monitoring, and 2D/4D echocardiographic study (conventional and advanced modalities). Participants were followed for mortality and morbidity over 36 months.

Results
Following HD sessions, CKD children showed significant reductions of left and right ventricular (LV/RV) systolic function by 2D and 4D echocardiography compared to controls. HD children had significant impairment of heart rate variability parameters (evaluated by time and frequency domains). LV/RV global longitudinal shortening (GLS) as well as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were closely correlated with different Holter parameters, including frequency domain parameters (including low frequency, high frequency, and LF/HF ratio), time domain parameters including percentage of differences > 50 ms between consecutive normal RR intervals (pNN50), and root-mean-square of the difference between successive normal intervals (rMSSD). Over a follow-up of 34.5 ± 16.8 months, 10 (25%) patients died. Reduced LV/RV-GLS and decreased rMSSD values were independently associated with higher mortality among HD children.

Conclusions
LV and RV myocardial deformation (either 2D or 4D) primarily decreased in HD children. Altered time and frequency domain indices revealed cardiac autonomic dysfunction, evidenced by increased sympathetic activity and decreased vagal activity. Reduced LV/RV-GLS and decreased rMSSD values were independently associated with higher mortality among HD children.

Graphical abstract
In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with photosensitizers and calcium hydroxide on bond strength, chemical composition, and sealing of glass-fiber posts to root dentin
Authors: Maltarollo Thalya Fernanda Horsth , dos Santos Paulo Henrique , Banci Henrique Augusto , Bachega Mariana de Oliveira , de Oliveira Beatriz Melare , Duarte Marco Hungaro Antonio , Queiroz Índia Olinta de Azevedo , Amaral Rodrigo Rodrigues , Cintra Luciano Angelo Tavares , Strazzi-Sahyon Henrico Badaoui , Sivieri-Araujo Gustavo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Investigate the impact of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using different photosensitizers (PSs) such as indocyanine green (IG), curcumin (CC), and methylene blue (MB), with or without intracanal application of calcium hydroxide (CH), on the push-out bond strength of glass-fiber posts (GFPs) to intraradicular dentin, the chemical composition of the root substrate, and the sealing of the adhesive interface across different thirds of intraradicular dentin. A total of 112 bovine teeth underwent biomechanical preparation and were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 14 each): Negative control with deionized water; positive control with deionized water + CH; IG group with indocyanine green and infrared laser; IG + CH group; CC group with curcumin and blue LED; CC + CH group; MB group with methylene blue and red laser; and MB + CH group. The push-out bond strength was measured using a universal testing machine (n = 8), and scanning electron microscopy characterized the fracture patterns. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (n = 3) analyzed the chemical composition of the dentin substrate, while fluorescence confocal microscopy (n = 3) assessed the adhesive interface sealing between the resin cement and root dentin. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey test for push-out bond strength and chemical composition comparison, with the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests (α = 0.05) for adhesive interface sealing. Significant bond strength differences were noted across root thirds and experimental groups (P < .05), with the IG + CH group showing the highest cervical bond strength and the IG group the lowest. Apical bond strength was highest in the CC group but lower in the NC and PC groups. Mixed failures predominated, except in the MB + CH group, where adhesive failures prevailed. Elemental composition varied among groups treated with different PSs and CH (P < .05), but interface quality, tag formation, and penetration depth showed no significant differences (P > .05). Laser-activated 500 mg/L CC combined with CH emerged as a clinically relevant option for root canal decontamination before GFPs luting. aPDT with different PSs and root canal depth influenced the push-out bond strength of GFPs and the chemical composition of root dentin. Curcumin-mediated aPDT at 500 mg/L proved effective, enhancing bond strength and sealing while maintaining consistent dentin composition across depths.
An exploratory study on domain knowledge infusion in deep learning for automated threat defense
Authors: Khanzadeh Sourena , Neto Euclides Carlos Pinto , Iqbal Shahrear , Alalfi Manar , Buffett Scott 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The wide adoption of interconnected services leads to the creation of supportive solutions and business opportunities. Conversely, this new paradigm is targeted by malicious activities, aiming to compromise systems’ confidentiality, integrity, and availability. However, advanced methods lack contextual awareness, which prevents their deployment to real-world systems. Considering that the process of making informed decisions stems from the expertise of analysts based on their experience, the use of cybersecurity domain knowledge has the potential to improve Deep Learning and Deep Reinforcement Learning operations in real scenarios. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study and evaluate the use of Knowledge Infused Learning in the context of automated threat defense. We define how cybersecurity domain knowledge can be infused into Deep Learning and Reinforcement Learning, highlighting the main challenges and benefits. Besides, we present a roadmap to apply domain knowledge for red and blue teaming activities and discuss the implications of Knowledge Infused Learning in explainability, and actionable reporting. Finally, we list the open challenges to guide the development of next-generation security solutions.
Integrating smart contracts into the modeling paradigm to harness the potential of models
Authors: Gómez-Macías Cristian , Pérez-Blanco Francisco Javier , Granada David , Vara Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in blockchain and smart contracts, their inherent complexity has impeded widespread adoption. In order to mitigate this issue, this work introduces , a model-based framework for the development of smart contracts in Solidity that enables the treatment of contracts as models, opening up new possibilities for their enhancement and maintenance. A key benefit of is its ability to impose a development pattern, which contributes to improved code quality and reduced vulnerabilities. The framework’s effectiveness is evaluated through several case studies, showing how model-driven engineering can mitigate contracts inherent complexity and promote better collaboration between developers and domain experts. As this work will demonstrate, when smart contracts are treated as models, a vast array of possibilities unfolds.
Use of pigmented fungi as additives in aquaculture
Authors: Zantioti Christina , Dimitroglou Arkadios , Mountzouris Konstantinos C. , Miliou Helen , Malandrakis Emmanouil E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lately, the need for a shift towards more sustainable aquaculture practices has become essential to ensure the industry’s long-term viability. While the cost of raw materials remains high, policymakers also highlight the need to reduce aquaculture’s environmental footprint. Thus, a way to overcome this is to replace marine-derived aquafeed ingredients with more economical and environmentally friendly alternatives. Pigment-producing yeasts and fungi emerge as potential nutritional solutions with multiple possibilities for enhancing fish pigmentation, growth, and overall health simultaneously. Existing studies have dealt with aspects of pigmented yeasts and fungi applications in aquaculture. However, further research is needed to fully understand their exact routes of action on fish health, production efficiency, and immune function. This review addresses the underexplored potential of pigmented yeasts and fungi in aquaculture. It delves into their benefits, mechanisms of pigment synthesis, and their effects on various aspects of fish physiology, including growth parameters, lipid metabolism, reproduction capacity, pigmentation (colouration), blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant activity, and immunological responses. Finally, the review will address the need to optimize the production processes yield of pigmented yeasts and fungi for effective use in aquafeeds. Still, it will also deal with possible limitations related to their use as additives in aquafeeds.
On the martensitic phase transformation and grain boundary character evolution in laser powder bed fusion 17-4 precipitation hardened stainless steel
Authors: Haines Michael P. , Farabi Ehsan , Haghdadi Nima , Primig Sophie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of 17-4 precipitate hardened (PH) stainless steel is well-known for its significant variations in reported microstructures. While recent research has provided better understanding of the phase transformation pathways leading to as-built microstructures of

$$\delta$$

δ

-ferrite, martensite, and/or austenite, reproducible and fully martensitic microstructures would be more desirable to provide strength and age-hardening potential. However, the understanding of the martensitic phase transformation as a function of 17-4 PH powder feedstock and L-PBF route remains limited. We aim to fill this gap by comparing builds from two processing routes with different powder feedstocks and processing parameters. As-built and heat treated (1 h at 1040 °C followed by water quenching) conditions are considered. We reveal the link between the parent austenite grain size (PAGS) and the resulting martensite microstructure. A detailed five-parameter characterization of interfaces shows that a smaller PAGS results in improved grain boundary connectivity and higher length fractions of 60°/[1 1

$$\overline{1 }$$

1
¯

] and 10.5°/[0 1 1] intervariant boundaries in the martensite. Computational material science demonstrates the link between the processing parameters and composition with microstructural variations and development. Our results are broadly applicable to steel L-PBF, underpinning that refinement of martensite will improve the grain boundary network and selection of desirable intervariants. This is expected to impact material properties such as toughness, strength, intergranular corrosion, cracking, slip, and the segregation of impurities.

Graphical abstract
The Impact of Impact: An Invitation to Philosophise
Authors: Brauer Rene , Björn Ismo , Burgess Glenn , Dymitrow Mirek , Greenman John , Grzelak-Kostulska Elżbieta , Pöllänen Pirjo , Williams Terry 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This position paper argues for the introduction of a philosophy of research impact, as an invitation to think deeply about the implications of the impact agenda. It delves into the transformative influence of prioritising the end-product of the research journey over the entire knowledge production process. We argue that the prevalence of research impact assessment in Western research ecosystems has reshaped various facets of research, extending from funding proposals to the overarching goals of research agendas, assessment regimes and promotion structures. Through self-reflective analysis, this position paper critically assesses the consequences of this paradigm shift. Utilising perspectives from the UK, Poland, Sweden, and Finland, we explore tensions, conflicts, opportunities, and viabilities arising from such a shift in the teleological purpose of research. This selection of countries offers a spectrum, ranging from early adopters of impact assessment regimes to those where such evaluation is largely absent as of now, and its intermediaries. Moreover, our examination extends across different disciplinary foci, including allied health, business and management studies, earth science, human geography, and history. Our findings suggest a discernible alteration in the fundamental logic of research, where the focus shifts from checks and balances geared towards the advancement of knowledge, towards other supposedly more important goals. Here research is merely cast as an instrumental means to achieve broader societal, political, economic, environmental (etc.) goals. Additionally, we observe that as the formalisation of research impact evaluation intensifies, there are diminishing degrees of freedom for scholars to challenge contemporary power structures and to think innovatively within their research ecosystem.
Critical manifolds in the dynamics of a two-wheel model of an automobile
Authors: Steindl Alois , Edelmann Johannes , Plöchl Manfred 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Insight into steering and stability properties of automobiles in critical driving conditions is essential to advance driver assist systems and autonomous driving functions. To study the dynamic properties of an automobile with rear-wheel drive, methods of geometric singular perturbation theory are applied to a planar two-wheel vehicle model. Following a branch of periodic solutions bifurcating from the steady state of the vehicle at the limits of handling, a behaviour similar to a cycle near a homoclinic orbit is observed. The periodic orbit spends most of its period on a segment with an almost constant sideslip angle and slowly varying velocity. This behaviour can be explained by the nearby existence of a critical manifold consisting of a family of stationary solutions and a heteroclinic orbit connecting two points of this critical manifold. For slightly perturbed parameter values the critical manifold is replaced by a slow manifold with very slow dynamics, which governs the dynamics along the observed slow segment. The critical manifold and the heteroclinic orbit are calculated numerically, and good agreement with the derived approximations is obtained.
Variation Between LGBT Estimates and State Policy Context
Authors: Brady Lee A. , Julian Christopher A. , Manning Wendy D. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
State-level social policy and LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population concentration are key measures that are often used as indicators reflecting geographic social climate. Still, research has yet to investigate how they may be interrelated, including the degree to which the LGBT population are subject to certain policies. Using population-based experimental data from the Household Pulse Survey and policy measures from the Movement Advancement Project, we compared measures of state-level policy and concentration of the LGBT population for 2022. After calculating the correlation between these two constructs, the authors identified state-level variation in these measures for each of the 50 states and Washington, DC. With a correlation of 0.58, the findings revealed variation at the state level and indicated that LGBT population concentration and state-level LGBT policy do not necessarily reflect synonymous social phenomena and constitute distinct but complementary measures for use in constructing indices of structural heterosexism and social climate.
Classmates or Colleagues? How Elite Students Learn to Manage One Another
Authors: Thornton Jack 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using 122 interviews, this study examines how students at one elite U.S. university conceptualized the impacts of extracurricular participation during college. Scholars have argued that activities can yield valuable forms of capital for students at the primary, secondary, and college levels, yet these processes remain undertheorized. Applying Bourdieusian field theory, I found that respondents perceived three structural parallels between their student organizations and actual workplace contexts. Through clubs, students socialized one another to adopt new relational orientations that anticipated future careers navigating institutional hierarchies. Despite their university’s supposedly endless resources for activities, students paradoxically restricted one another’s access to clubs through elaborate recruitment practices that mirrored job hiring. Within clubs, respondents described learning to manage one another and relate in a detached manner as colleagues, rather than friends. While past research has explored how extracurricular activities shape individual outcomes, this study reveals how students themselves perceived the impacts of club involvement, specifically in an elite institutional context. Respondents’ experiences suggest that extracurricular activities may represent a key site of “status degradation ceremonies” that ultimately enhance elite institutions’ consecrating function.
Sample-Cohesive Pose-Aware Contrastive Facial Representation Learning
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Feng Shaoze , Liu Shuyang , Zhan Yibing , Tao Dapeng , Chen Zijing , Chen Zhe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Self-supervised facial representation learning (SFRL) methods, especially contrastive learning (CL) methods, have been increasingly popular due to their ability to perform face understanding without heavily relying on large-scale well-annotated datasets. However, analytically, current CL-based SFRL methods still perform unsatisfactorily in learning facial representations due to their tendency to learn pose-insensitive features, resulting in the loss of some useful pose details. This could be due to the inappropriate positive/negative pair selection within CL. To conquer this challenge, we propose a Pose-disentangled Contrastive Facial Representation Learning (PCFRL) framework to enhance pose awareness for SFRL. We achieve this by explicitly disentangling the pose-aware features from non-pose face-aware features and introducing appropriate sample calibration schemes for better CL with the disentangled features. In PCFRL, we first devise a pose-disentangled decoder with a delicately designed orthogonalizing regulation to perform the disentanglement; therefore, the learning on the pose-aware and non-pose face-aware features would not affect each other. Then, we introduce a false-negative pair calibration module to overcome the issue that the two types of disentangled features may not share the same negative pairs for CL. Our calibration employs a novel neighborhood-cohesive pair alignment method to identify pose and face false-negative pairs, respectively, and further help calibrate them to appropriate positive pairs. Lastly, we devise two calibrated CL losses, namely calibrated pose-aware and face-aware CL losses, for adaptively learning the calibrated pairs more effectively, ultimately enhancing the learning with the disentangled features and providing robust facial representations for various downstream tasks. In the experiments, we perform linear evaluations on four challenging downstream facial tasks with SFRL using our method, including facial expression recognition, face recognition, facial action unit detection, and head pose estimation. Experimental results show that PCFRL outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods by a substantial margin, demonstrating the importance of improving pose awareness for SFRL. Our evaluation code and model will be available at https://github.com/fulaoze/CV/tree/main.
Analysis and Comparison of the Projectile Impact Response of an Electron Beam Melt-Ti64 Body Centered Cubic Lattice-Cored Sandwich Plate
Authors: Erten H. İ. , Çimen G. , Yıldıztekin F. M. , Güden M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
One potential application of additively fabricated lattice structures is in the blade containment rings of gas turbine engines. The blade containment rings are expected to be able to absorb the kinetic energy of a released blade (broken blade) in order to protect the engine parts from damaging. Metallic lattice-cored sandwich plates provide a gap (free space) between two face sheets, which helps to arrest the released blade and increases the energy absorption capability of containment rings.

Objective
The objective was to investigate numerically the projectile impact response of Body-Centered-Cubic (BCC) Electron-Beam-Melt (EBM) lattice-cored/Ti64 face sheet sandwich plates as compared with that of an equal-mass monolithic EBM-Ti64 plate.

Methods
The projectile impact simulations were implemented in LS-DYNA using the previously determined flow stress and damage models and a spherical steel impactor at the velocities ranging from 150 to 500 m s−1. The experimental projectile impact tests on the monolithic plate were performed at two different impact velocities and the results were used to confirm the validity of the used flow stress and damage models for the monolithic plate models.

Results
Lower impact stresses were found numerically in the sandwich plate as compared with the monolithic plate at the same impact velocity. The bending and multi-cracking of the struts over a wide area in the sandwich plate increased the energy absorption and resulted in the arrest of the projectile at relatively high velocities. While monolithic plate exhibited a local bent area, resulting in the development of high tensile stresses and the projectile perforations at lower velocities.

Conclusions
The numerical impact stresses in the sandwich plate were distributed over a wider area around the projectile, leading to the fracture and bending of many individual struts which significantly increased the resistance to the perforation. Hence, the investigated lattice cell topology and cell, strut, and face sheet sizes and the lattice-cored sandwich plate was shown potentially more successful in stopping the projectiles than the equal-mass monolithic plates.