bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Curved Geometry on Exiting Flow of Fluidic Oscillators
Authors: Bohan Brian T. , Polanka Marc D. , Kim Il J. , Layng Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Traditionally fluidic oscillators are designed to be planar. However, there are applications that may desire the exiting fluid to move in the third dimension. This could allow these oscillators to be more effective in applications such as fuel sprays, cooling flow, or flow control devices with its increase in effective spray area. This investigation designed a series of oscillators that curved the whole body and/or the exit nozzle to understand how to maximize out of plane motion. These configurations were compared to a baseline planar oscillator with no curved characteristics. Velocities were measured downstream of these oscillators within a data collection grid using a hot wire probe to determine the 3D shape of the exiting jet. Results show that configurations with only one of the two curved physical characteristics (i.e., only a curved body or a curved nozzle) produced the most curvature. Having both of the curved physical characteristics caused the nozzle width to decrease causing the axial spacing to decrease. Additionally, these curved exiting flows were only seen at mass flow rates below 40 standard liters per minute (SLPM). Higher mass flow rates caused the exiting flow to flatten, returning the flow to the baseline result of in-plane oscillations. This led to a decrease in jet spread.
Investigating Suitable Combinations of Dynamic Models and Control Techniques for Offline Reinforcement Learning Based Navigation: Application of Universal Omni-Wheeled Robots
Authors: Amarasiri Nalaka , Barhorst Alan A. , Gottumukkala Raju 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Omnidirectional locomotion provides wheeled mobile robots (WMR) with better maneuverability and flexibility, which enhances their energy efficiency and dexterity. Universal omni-wheels are one of the best categories of wheels that can be used to develop a WMR (Amarasiri et al., 2022, “Robust Dynamic Modeling and Trajectory Tracking Controller of a Universal Omni-Wheeled Mobile Robot,” ASME Letters Dyn. Sys. Control., 2(4), p. 040902. 10.1115/1.4055690). We study dynamic modeling and controllers for mobile robots to train in a reinforcement learning (RL)-based navigation algorithm. RL tasks require copious amounts of learning iteration episodes, which makes training very time consuming. The choice of dynamic model and controller has a significant impact on training time. In this paper, we compare a traditional Kane’s equations model to a non-holonomic canonical momenta model (Barhorst, 2019, “Generalized Momenta in Constrained Non-Holonomic Systems—Another Perspective on the Canonical Equations of Motion,” Int. J. Non-Linear Mech., 113, pp. 128–145.). We implemented four controllers: proportional integral derivative, linear quadratic regulator with integral action, pole placement, and a full nonlinear sliding mode controller. We summarize the pros and cons of each of the modeling techniques, and control laws implemented. The outcomes of our analysis will improve RL training time for path generation in unstructured environments.
A CUG codon-adapted anchor-away toolkit for functional analysis of genes in
Candida albicans
Authors: Teli Basharat Bashir , Nagar Priyanka , Priyadarshini Yumnam , Poonia Poonam , Natarajan Krishnamurthy 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Promoter shutoff of essential genes in the diploid
Candida albicans
has often been insufficient to create tight, conditional null alleles due to leaky expression and has been a stumbling block in pathogenesis research. Moreover, homozygous deletion of non-essential genes has often been problematic due to the frequent aneuploidy in the mutant strains. Rapid, conditional depletion of essential genes by the anchor-away strategy has been successfully employed in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and other model organisms. Here, rapamycin mediates the dimerization of human FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) and FKBP12-rapamycin-binding (FRB) domain-containing target protein, resulting in relocalization to altered sub-cellular locations. In this work, we used the ribosomal protein Rpl13 as the anchor and took two nuclear proteins as targets to construct a set of mutants in a proof-of-principle approach. We first constructed a rapamycin-resistant
C. albicans
strain by introducing a dominant mutation in the
CaTOR1
gene and a homozygous deletion of
RBP1
, the ortholog of
FKBP12
, a primary target of rapamycin. The
FKBP12
and the
FRB
coding sequences were then CUG codon-adapted for
C. albicans
by site-directed mutagenesis. Anchor-away strains expressing the essential
TBP1
gene or the non-essential
SPT8
gene as
FRB
fusions were constructed. We found that rapamycin caused rapid cessation of growth of the TBP-AA strain within 15 minutes and the SPT8-AA strain phenocopied the constitutive filamentous phenotype of the
spt8
Δ/
spt8
Δ mutant. Thus, the anchor-away toolbox for
C. albicans
developed here can be employed for genome-wide analysis to identify gene function in a rapid and reliable manner, further accelerating anti-fungal drug development in
C. albicans
.

IMPORTANCE

Molecular genetic studies thus far have identified ~27% open-reading frames as being essential for the vegetative growth of
Candida albicans
in rich medium out of a total 6,198 haploid set of open reading frames. However, a major limitation has been to construct rapid conditional alleles of essential
C. albicans
genes with near quantitative depletion of encoded proteins. Here, we have developed a toolbox for rapid and conditional depletion of genes that would aid studies of gene function of both essential and non-essential genes.
Early uplift and exhumation of the Tanggula granitoid pluton since the Late Cretaceous: Implications for the stepwise topographic growth model in the eastern Qiangtang terrane
Authors: Lu Lu , Jin Xin , Yan Lilong , Li Wen , Wei Tao , Shen Yulin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Reconstructing the uplift process of the eastern Qiangtang terrane is crucial for understanding the growth model of the central Tibetan Plateau. However, due to the limited amount of data available, it is not well constrained. The Tanggula granitoid pluton is an outstanding geological feature in the eastern Qiangtang terrane, and thus could provide crucial constraints on its uplift history. We applied multiple thermochronologic systems over a broad temperature range, including apatite U-Pb, biotite and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar, apatite and zircon fission-track, and zircon (U-Th)/He, to study samples from the Tanggula granitoid pluton. The results exhibit the expected relative age order of these thermochronologic systems, with 242–238 Ma apatite U-Pb ages, 218–204 Ma biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages, 197–191 Ma K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar ages, 94–81 Ma zircon fission-track ages, 70–58 Ma zircon (U-Th)/He ages, and 61–39 Ma apatite fission-track ages. Using these thermochronologic ages and thermal history modeling results, we reconstructed a comprehensive thermal history for the pluton, from which three rapid cooling phases were revealed. The earliest rapid cooling phase (220–180 Ma; ~5.25 °C/m.y.) closely followed the emplacement of the Tanggula granitoid pluton, and thus is primarily an expression of natural cooling triggered by conduction with the surrounding rocks. In contrast, the rapid cooling during 100–60 Ma and since 20 Ma can be interpreted to represent intense exhumation, with corresponding exhumation of 5.0–6.0 km and 2.3–2.8 km, as well as an average exhumation rate of 0.125–0.150 mm/yr and 0.115–0.140 mm/yr, respectively. According to the thermal history, the earliest uplift in the Tanggula region could have been initiated as early as the Late Cretaceous. Using the published data, we determined that the onset of rapid uplift and exhumation in the entire eastern Qiangtang terrane had a northeastward, stepwise propagation process. The region within or around Anduo first experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated during the late Early Cretaceous (ca. 130 Ma), the Tanggula region to the northeast experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated during the Late Cretaceous (ca. 100 Ma), and the region farther to the northeast in Tuotuohe and Yushu–Nangqian experienced rapid uplift and exhumation that initiated in the late Paleocene (ca. 60 Ma). The northeastward stepwise uplift and exhumation in the eastern Qiangtang terrane was likely caused by the combined Lhasa–Qiangtang and India–Asia continental collisions.
What are the barriers and enablers to trauma-informed emergency departments? A scoping review protocol
Authors: Brennan Gearoid , Miell Anna , Grassie Jane , Goodall Karen , Robinson Sara 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThere is a high prevalence of psychological trauma among the population. Such people are more likely to have poorer health outcomes and these factors may contribute to increased use of the emergency department. There has been some attempt to implement a trauma-informed approach across public services, especially in health and social care. However, it is unclear how this concept applies to the challenging and high-demand emergency department context. The review aims to locate, examine and describe the literature on trauma-informed care in the unique and challenging healthcare delivery context that is the emergency department. The review aims to identify the barriers and enablers that may facilitate trauma-informed care in the emergency department context.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will use the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Systematic searches of relevant databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Knowledge Network and Web of Science) will be conducted. Empirical studies of any methodological approach, published in English between January 2001 and September 2023 will be included. The ‘grey’ literature will also be accessed. Two reviewers will independently screen all studies. Data will be extracted, collated and charted to summarise all the relevant methods, outcomes and key findings in the articles.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed summaries for key stakeholders in the field. The data generated will be used to inform a programme of work related to trauma-informed care.
What factors affect early mobilisation following hip fracture surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Gray Rene , Lacey Kate , Whitehouse Claire , Dance Rachel , Smith Toby 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesIdentify and evaluate factors affecting early mobilisation on the day following hip fracture surgery.DesignMixed methods, scoping review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL, APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, ISRCTN, Clinical Trials registry and grey literature accessed in November 2022 with publication dates between 2001 and November 2022.Eligibility criteriaEnglish language publications that:1. Include patient populations who sustain a fragility hip fracture managed surgically2. Include patient populations who are mobilised out of bed on the day following their hip fracture surgery3. Report factors which influence the ability to undergo early mobility postsurgeryData extraction and synthesisOne reviewer screened all titles and abstracts for inclusion. Two reviewers performed data extraction and quality assessments using the relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tools and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.Results3337 papers were identified, of which 23 studies were eligible for review, representing 210 811 patients. The heterogeneity in the types of study included, the definition of early mobilisation and the outcome measures used precluded meta-analysis. 13 factors were identified as having an effect on whether people were mobilised on day 1 post-hip fracture surgery, grouped into 5 principal themes: (1) healthcare setting or worker-related factors, (2) patient psychological factors, (3) acute patient health factors, (4) non-acute patient health factors and (5) surgical factors.ConclusionsThere was a paucity of robust research investigating day 1 mobilisation post-hip fracture surgery.Each of the five factors identified is potentially modifiable through service improvement change and innovation strategies. There is an opportunity to explore how service provision change could be implemented to improve outcomes for all patients following hip fracture surgery demonstrating the clinical and cost benefits of these changes against the cost of delivering the change.
NfL reliability across laboratories, stage-dependent diagnostic performance and matrix comparability in genetic FTD: a large GENFI study
Authors: Linnemann Christoph , Wilke Carlo , Mengel David , Zetterberg Henrik , Heller Carolin , Kuhle Jens , Bouzigues Arabella , Russell Lucy L , Foster Phoebe H , Ferry-Bolder Eve , Van Swieten John Cornelis , Jiskoot Lize C , Seelaar Harro , Moreno Fermin , Borroni Barbara , Sánchez-Valle Raquel , Galimberti Daniela , Laforce Robert , Graff Caroline , Masellis Mario , Tartaglia Maria Carmela , Rowe James Benedict , Finger Elizabeth , Vandenberghe Rik , de Mendonca Alexandre , Butler Chris R , Gerhard Alexander , Ducharme Simon , Ber Isabelle L E , Tiraboschi Pietro , Santana Isabel , Pasquier Florence , Levin Johannes , Otto Markus , Sorbi Sandro , Rohrer Jonathan Daniel , Synofzik Matthis 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundBlood neurofilament light chain (NfL) is increasingly considered as a key trial biomarker in genetic frontotemporal dementia (gFTD). We aimed to facilitate the use of NfL in gFTD multicentre trials by testing its (1) reliability across labs; (2) reliability to stratify gFTD disease stages; (3) comparability between blood matrices and (4) stability across recruiting sites.MethodsComparative analysis of blood NfL levels in a large gFTD cohort (GENFI) for (1)–(4), with n=344 samples (n=148 presymptomatic, n=11 converter, n=46 symptomatic subjects, with mutations inC9orf72,GRNorMAPT; and n=139 within-family controls), each measured in three different international labs by Simoa HD-1 analyzer.ResultsNfL revealed an excellent consistency (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.964) and high reliability across the three labs (maximal bias (pg/mL) in Bland-Altman analysis: 1.12±1.20). High concordance of NfL across laboratories was moreover reflected by high areas under the curve for discriminating conversion stage against the (non-converting) presymptomatic stage across all three labs. Serum and plasma NfL were largely comparable (ICC 0.967). The robustness of NfL across 13 recruiting sites was demonstrated by a linear mixed effect model.ConclusionsOur results underline the suitability of blood NfL in gFTD multicentre trials, including cross-lab reliable stratification of the highly trial-relevant conversion stage, matrix comparability and cross-site robustness.
Note on NLSM tree amplitudes and soft theorems
Authors: Zhou Kang , Wei Fang-Stars 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis note provides a new point of view for bootstrapping the tree amplitudes of the nonlinear sigma model (NLSM). We use the universality of single soft behavior, together with the double copy structure, to completely determine the tree amplitudes of the NLSM. We first observe Adler’s zero for four-point NLSM amplitudes, by considering kinematics. Then we assume the universality of Adler’s zero and use this requirement to construct general tree amplitudes of the NLSM in the expanded formula, i.e., the formula of expanding NLSM amplitudes to bi-adjoint scalar amplitudes, which allows us to give explicit expressions of amplitudes with arbitrary numbers of external legs. The construction does not require the assumption of quartic diagrams. We also derive double soft factors for NLSM tree amplitudes based on the resulting expanded formula, and the results are consistent with those in the literature.
Relic gravitons and pulsar timing arrays: a theoretical viewpoint
Authors: Giovannini Massimo 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuring the last 3 years the pulsar timing arrays reported a series of repeated evidences of gravitational radiation (with stochastically distributed Fourier amplitudes) at a benchmark frequency of the order of 30 nHz and characterized by spectral energy densities (in critical units) ranging between $$10^{-8}$$

10

-
8

and $$10^{-9}$$

10

-
9

. While it is still unclear whether or not these effects are just a consequence of the pristine variation of the space-time curvature, the nature of the underlying physical processes would suggest that the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons in the nHz domain may only depend on the evolution of the comoving horizon at late, intermediate and early times. Along this systematic perspective we first consider the most conventional option, namely a post-inflationary modification of the expansion rate. Given the present constraints on the relic graviton backgrounds, we then show that such a late-time effect is unable to produce the desired hump in the nHz region. We then analyze a modified exit of the relevant wavelengths as it may happen when the gravitons inherit an effective refractive index from the interactions with the geometry. A relatively short inflationary phase leads, in this case, to an excess in the nHz region even if the observational data coming from competing experiments do not pin down exactly the same regions in the parameter space. We finally examine an early stage of increasing curvature and argue that it is not compatible with the observed spectral energy density unless the wavelengths crossing the comoving horizon at early times reenter in a decelerated stage not dominated by radiation.
Metric Optimization and Mainstream Bias Mitigation in Recommender Systems
Authors: Li Roger Zhe 
Published: January 2024

Recommender Systems have drawn extensive attention in recent decades. The most important factor to make a recommender succeed is user satisfaction, which is largely reflected by the recommendation accuracy. In accordance, this thesis dives into recommendation accuracy from two different perspectives that, unfortunately, are at tension with each other: achieving the maximum overall recommendation accuracy, and balancing that accuracy among all users.
The first part of this thesis focuses on maximizing the overall recommendation accuracy Li et al. [2021a]. This accuracy is usually evaluated with some user-oriented metrics tailored to the recommendation scenario. However, recommendation models could be trained to maximize some other generic criteria that do not necessarily align with the criteria ultimately captured by the metric above. Recent research usually assumes that the metric used for evaluation is also the metric used for training. We challenge this assumption, mainly because some metrics are more informative than others. Indeed, we show that models trained via the optimization of a loss inspired by Rank-Biased Precision (RBP) tend to yield higher accuracy, even when accuracy is measured with metrics other than RBP. However, the superiority of this RBP-inspired loss stems from further benefiting users who are already well-served, rather than helping those who are not.
This observation inspires the second part of this thesis, where our focus turns to helping nonmainstream users, who are difficult to recommend to either because of the lack of data for effective modeling or a niche taste that is hard to match similar users.
Our first effort consists in using side data, beyond the user-item interaction matrix, so that users and items are better represented. This will be of benefit especially for the non-mainstream users, for which the user-item matrix alone is ineffective. We propose Neural AutoEncoder Collaborative Filtering (NAECF) Li et al. [2021b], an adversarial learning architecture that, in addition to maximizing the recommendation accuracy, leverages side data to preserve the intrinsic properties of users and items and show that NAECF leads to better recommendations specially for non-mainstream users, while at the same time there is a marginal loss for the mainstream ones.
Our second effort Li et al. [2023] consists in explicitly focusing more on non-mainstream users in a recommendation model. In particular, we propose a mechanism based on cost-sensitive learning that weighs users according to their mainstreamness, so that they get more attention during training. The result is a recommendation model tailored to non-mainstream users, that narrows the accuracy gap, and again at negligible cost to the mainstream users.

Awarded by
: Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands on 14 November 2023.

Supervised by
: Alan Hanjalic and Julián Urbano.

Available at
: https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:235a5f5c-5e18-4e67-a8e6-84a7e310db12.
Differential spatial working memory–related functional network reconfiguration in young and older adults
Authors: Yue Wan Lin , Ng Kwun Kei , Liu Siwei , Qian Xing , Chong Joanna Su Xian , Koh Amelia Jialing , Ong Marcus Qin Wen , Ting Simon Kang Seng , Ng Adeline Su Lyn , Kandiah Nagaendran , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Zhou Juan Helen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Functional brain networks have preserved architectures in rest and task; nevertheless, previous work consistently demonstrated task-related brain functional reorganization. Efficient rest-to-task functional network reconfiguration is associated with better cognition in young adults. However, aging and cognitive load effects, as well as contributions of intra- and internetwork reconfiguration, remain unclear. We assessed age-related and load-dependent effects on global and network-specific functional reconfiguration between rest and a spatial working memory (SWM) task in young and older adults, then investigated associations between functional reconfiguration and SWM across loads and age groups. Overall, global and network-level functional reconfiguration between rest and task increased with age and load. Importantly, more efficient functional reconfiguration associated with better performance across age groups. However, older adults relied more on internetwork reconfiguration of higher cognitive and task-relevant networks. These reflect the consistent importance of efficient network updating despite recruitment of additional functional networks to offset reduction in neural resources and a change in brain functional topology in older adults. Our findings generalize the association between efficient functional reconfiguration and cognition to aging and demonstrate distinct brain functional reconfiguration patterns associated with SWM in aging, highlighting the importance of combining rest and task measures to study aging cognition.