bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas 3 MIN 02 Boalemo Dalam Memahami Hukum Bacaan Qolqolah Melalui Media Audio Visual
Authors: Muhsin Nuryadin K. 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi Hukum Bacaan Qolqolah. Penelitian termasuk jenis Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research). Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah Fase B siswa kelas 3 MIN 02 Boalemo Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024, yang terdiri dari 12 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, dokumentasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari penggunaan Media Audio visual berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas 3 MIN 02 Boalemo Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024 pada materi Hukum Bacaan Qolqolah. Presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran sebelum menggunakan media audio visual secara klasikal yaitu mencapai 57%. Presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran setelah menggunakan media audio visual secara klasikal yaitu pada siklus 1 mencapai 70 % dan presentase ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 2 lebih meningkat yaitu mencapai 92 %.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLEGENCE PADA KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mustofa Zamzam , Arifatuzzahro Aulia , Nazira Arni , Wahyuni Ruslina Dwi , Mukminin Amir 
Published: October 2023

Technology is very important in the 4.0 revolution era in this industrial sector. The impact of technology on human life cannot be overstated. The emergence of technology brings several changes. Technological developments can be seen to go hand in hand with the development of time. The field of science and technology is always advancing and innovating rapidly, as seen from the technical breakthroughs that have been made. Rapid technological advances impact human existence and enable rapid social transformations that often occur without our even realizing it. Artificial intelligence is one of the technical advances that has the greatest potential impact. For the purpose of finding a solution to a challenge, a technology known as artificial intelligence (often referred to as AI) is used to replicate the intelligence of living and inanimate organisms. The use of artificial intelligence has an impact on human existence in various contexts. The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the use of artificial intelligence in Indonesia contributes to the ongoing transformation of society in this country. Library research is the approach used in this study. Literature research is a methodology for collecting data that involves completing a review study of books, literature, notes, and reports that are related to the problem being addressed. Researchers will read as much relevant literature as possible to collect as much data as possible in their search for hypotheses. Books, journals, periodicals, research results (theses and dissertations), and other acceptable sources such as newspapers, the internet, and other sources can all be considered library resources.
Keywords: Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Social Change
Eksplorasi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Menanamkan Karakter Islami di SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya
Authors: Amani Alika Atha , Amalia Saniyah Rizky , Sari Venika Devita 
Published: October 2023

This writing is presenting about the Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) class for the pupils. One of the most crucial pillars of character education is Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). The development of students' religious sense will be the foundation for a strong character education program; as a result, the PAI lesson serves as a supporting lesson for character education. Through the teaching and learning of PAI, students are taught the importance of believing in God as the cornerstone of their faith, the quran and hadith as their way of life, fiqh as a code of law when studying Islam, the history of Islam as a moral example, and ethics as the standard of human behavior.
Clinical Experience of a Long-acting Pegylated Erythropoietin-Stimulating Agent in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bantounou Maria Anna , Lamb Angela , Young David , Ramage Ian James , Reynolds Ben Christopher 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Management of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) often includes subcutaneous or intravenous administration of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs). Mircera, a pegylated continuous erythropoietin receptor agonist, has a longer duration of action and requires less frequent administration than other ESAs. Pediatric experience with Mircera is limited. We retrospectively reviewed our long-term experience of Mircera in a national pediatric nephrology center.

METHODS
Patients were identified via an electronic patient record database. Data collected included demographics (sex, age, etiology of CKD, CKD stage, dialysis modality), dosing information, and laboratory data—hemoglobin (Hb), parathormone (PTH), ferritin, hematinics prior to commencing Mircera and all subsequent values associated with dose adjustments.

RESULTS
Seventy-seven patients aged 2 to 18 years, with CKD stages 2 to 5T had received at least 1 dose of Mircera, with 75 patients having sufficient data and a total of 1473 doses. No patients discontinued Mircera owing to adverse effects. One patient experienced a potential severe adverse drug reaction. Mircera was effective in improving or maintaining Hb ≥10.0 g/dL in most (58/75, 77.3%) patients. The median dose to achieve Hb ≥10.0 g/dL was 2.1 µg/kg/4 wk. Most doses (1039, 71.5%) were administered 4-weekly. The doses (161, 11.1%) that were administered 6-weekly remained efficacious. Thirty-two patients started Mircera with Hb &lt;10.0 g/dL; 26 (81%) achieved Hb ≥10.0 g/dL within a median time of 4 months. Mircera was less effective if given every 8 weeks, or in the presence of hyperparathyroidism or hyperferritinemia.

CONCLUSION
Mircera appears safe and effective in pediatric patients with CKD.
Penicillin Prophylaxis in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease Beyond Age 5 Years
Authors: Eastep Tyler G. , Kendsersky Rebecca M. , Zook Jessica , Moore Astrela 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunization and antimicrobial prophylaxis may prevent this complication, and landmark clinical trials support discontinuation of antimicrobial prophylaxis at age 5 years. However, antimicrobial prophylaxis continues in some patients indefinitely. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of culture-positive IPD and other infections in the setting of penicillin prophylaxis in the pediatric SCD population.

METHODS
This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with SCD who continued antimicrobial prophylaxis with penicillin, compared with those whose antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued. Included patients were aged 5 to 18 years during the study period and had no history of IPD or surgical splenectomy. Patient charts were reviewed for demographics, immunizations, penicillin prescription history, and microbiologic culture data.

RESULTS
Antimicrobial prophylaxis continued beyond age 5 years in 65% of patients, a higher percentage of whom had hemoglobin SS or S beta-zero disease. No patients whose antimicrobial prophylaxis was discontinued experienced IPD; 1 patient who continued antimicrobial prophylaxis died of S pneumoniae sepsis. Rates of other infections were comparable between groups (21% in prophylaxis versus 18% in no prophylaxis).

CONCLUSIONS
These results support appropriate de-prescribing of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients with SCD who are not at high risk for IPD. Further multicenter studies are needed to evaluate consequences of antimicrobial prophylaxis with alternative agents on antibiotic resistance, examine provider rationale for continuation of antimicrobial prophylaxis, and assess quality of life effects (e.g., medication adherence, adverse drug reactions) of antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Survey of Pediatric Pharmacy Residency Program Directors and Former Residents on Post-Graduate Training Paths
Authors: Songer Corinne N. , Bondi Deborah S. , Oliveri Lauren M. , Jarrett Jennie B. , Ohler Kirsten H. 
Published: October 2023

Objective
There are currently no data comparing outcomes of traditional vs pediatric-focused PGY1 residency programs. The primary objective of the survey was to identify if a difference in resident preparedness for a PGY2 pediatric pharmacy residency exists between these PGY1 program types.

Methods
This survey-based study included all PGY2 pediatric residency program directors (RPDs) in 2021 and PGY2 pediatric pharmacy residents who completed residency between 2016–2020. Information regarding training paths of residents, such as type of PGY1 completed, and preparedness at the start of a PGY2 pediatric residency was collected. Preparedness for both general and pediatric-specific elements were assessed.

Results
A total of 101 respondents were included: 36 RPDs and 65 previous residents. RPDs felt residents who completed a pediatric-focused PGY1 were more prepared in baseline knowledge of pediatric diseases; otherwise, residents were similar across residency types in their perceived preparation for a PGY2. Pediatric-focused PGY1 residents felt significantly more prepared in pediatric baseline knowledge (96% vs 75%, p = 0.002) and managing pediatric emergencies (96% vs 50%, p = 0.002) than those who completed a traditional PGY1 program. There was no difference for patient care or clinical research skills. Residents in both groups obtained pediatric pharmacist jobs and felt equally prepared for transitioning into their first post-residency job.

Conclusions
Despite a difference between the PGY1 resident groups in perceived baseline pediatric knowledge and preparedness to manage pediatric emergencies, similar post-residency jobs were obtained. Respondents felt equally prepared to begin their pediatric careers regardless of the type of PGY1 residency completed.
Delirium Assessment Treatment Strategies in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Pediatric Pharmacy Association Practice-Based Research Network Survey Study
Authors: Bradford Caitlyn V. , Fung Mon-Yee , Wang Alexander , Benefield Emily C. , Bashqoy Ferras , Neely Stephen B. , Johnson Peter N. 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to describe overall screening, prevention, and treatments for pediatric delirium at various neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), cardiac intensive care units (CICUs), and pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) from the Pediatric Pharmacy Association (PPA) membership. The primary objective was to identify the number of respondents that had a defined delirium-based protocol. The secondary objectives included identification of delirium assessment tools used, first- and second-line delirium treatment options, and monitoring practices for antipsychotics for delirium management.

METHODS
A cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to PPA members from February 8, 2022, to March, 25, 2022. Comparisons between the NICUs, PICUs, and CICUs were conducted by using chi-square tests, with a priori p value of &lt;0.05

RESULTS
The questionnaire was completed by 84 respondents at 62 institutions; respondents practiced in the PICU or mixed PICU (n = 48; 57.1%), CICU (n = 13; 15.5%), and NICU (n = 23; 27.4%). Sixty-one respondents (72.6%) noted their units routinely screen for delirium, and there was a significant difference between the respondents of different units that use a delirium scoring tool (p &lt; 0.01). Only 33 respondents (39.3%) had a defined delirium protocol, and there was no difference between units (p = 0.31). The most common agents used for delirium treatment were quetiapine and risperidone. There was variability in the monitoring used between respondents, but the majority (n = 74; 88%) monitor electrocardiograms to assess the corrected QT interval, but practice variability existed.

CONCLUSIONS
Most respondents did not have a defined delirium protocol. Variations were noted in the treatment options and monitoring for critically ill pediatric patients with delirium.
Evaluation of Methotrexate Intolerance in Children With Morphea
Authors: McColl Jeanine , Laxer Ronald M. , Pope Elena , Sibbald Cathryn 
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE
Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant commonly used in dermatology. The prevalence of intolerance using the Methotrexate Intolerance Severity Score (MISS) in pediatric juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) ranges from 25% to 75%, but studies in morphea patients are lacking. We sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of methotrexate intolerance in children with morphea compared with children with inflammatory skin diseases and JIA/uveitis.

METHODS
Eligible patients were ages 2 to 18 years and were taking methotrexate for at least 3 months to treat morphea, inflammatory skin disease, or uveitis/JIA. Methotrexate intolerance was calculated using the MISS. A 1-way analysis of variance compared absolute intolerance scores. Multivariate regression analysis was used to compare MISS across diseases and covariates.

RESULTS
Of 48 participants (mean ± SD age, 11.3 ± 4.1 years, 70.8% female), 15 had morphea, 16 had JIA/uveitis, and 17 had inflammatory skin diseases. The overall prevalence of intolerance was 20.8%. Age, sex, duration, and dose did not correlate with overall MISS. The MISS mean ± SD total for oral dosing was 2.5 ± 3.4, compared with 6.78 ± 6.8 for subcutaneous dosing. Patients with JIA/uveitis had the highest prevalence of intolerance (37.5%, n = 6), followed by morphea patients (20%, n = 3) and inflammatory skin disease patients (5.9%, n = 1). The OR of intolerance according to route of administration was 11.2 (95% CI, 2.03–61.89).

CONCLUSIONS
Methotrexate intolerance was highest among patients with JIA/uveitis. The only predictor for risk of intolerance was subcutaneous route of administration. Future work could examine disease activity correlations and interventions designed to minimize intolerance.
O PAPEL DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO COMBATE AO DESCARTE IRREGULAR DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS
Authors: Da Costa Da Costa Mithia Monik , Paixao Chaves Euler , Sena Correa Bibiano Izabelle , Correa Amaral Rafaella 
Published: October 2023

Os problemas ambientais relacionados ao desenvolvimento urbano, dentre eles o crescimento expressivo de resíduo sólidos urbanos, tem causado grandes problemas no espaço socioambiental. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa teve como finalidade avaliar os impactos do lançamento inadequado dos Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos-RSU e a percepção visual da população quanto às medidas corretivas através da ação ambiental realizada no local de disposição irregular na Rua D, no bairro Jaderlância, no município de Ananindeua-PA. A metodologia foi composta em duas etapas, com caráter exploratório, mediante pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, pesquisas bibliográficas relacionadas ao tema em questão, registros fotográficos in loco. Dessa forma, aplicou-se a ação corretiva no local de disposição irregular. Na segunda etapa foram utilizadas técnicas de geoprocessamento e posteriormente, com dados obtidos do IBGE e dos registros fotográficos e da aplicação do questionário pós-aplicação da medida corretiva foi possível gerar mapa de localização e gráficos estatísticos, ressalta-se ainda que a aplicação do questionário aos moradores da Rua D, tendo como tema educação ambiental, coleta seletiva, resíduos sólidos urbanos e melhorias do local. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a importância de trabalhar a educação ambiental na comunidade, desenvolvendo propostas de educação ambiental e práticas de conscientização ambiental para a diminuição de disposição irregular de resíduos sólidos urbanos, conscientizando a população diante da responsabilidade social e ambiental, que permita a dignidade, respeito, preservação e qualidade de vida entre ser humano e meio ambiente. Evidenciou-se também que a principal causa do descarte inadequado dos RSU na comunidade, é a falta de consciência ambiental da população, de conhecimento e informações acerca do assunto e problemas esses relacionados como o descarte indevido dos resíduos domiciliares.
The convergence and divergence of the United States and the European Union have influenced the state-building process in Afghanistan over the past two decades.
Authors: Kargar Alireza 
Published: October 2023

The history of Afghanistan can be seen as lacking fundamental and structural governments, although rulers under the title of the state governed the country in the recent century. However, the absence of accountable governments led the country to remain in perpetual conflict and chronic violence. After 2001, when a new chapter in Afghanistan's political history began, the United States and the European Union had direct and indirect involvement in all Afghan affairs. Misunderstanding the necessity and importance of Afghanistan's cultural, historical structures, and underdevelopment in governance contributed significantly to the challenge of state-building. The main question is: how has the convergence and divergence between the United States and the European Union influenced the state-building process in Afghanistan over the past two decades?
Apparently, the European Union and the United States did not fundamentally differ in their definition of governance issues. However, they had differences in their approaches and methods to achieve their goals, which had a negative impact on the state-building process in Afghanistan. This study utilized analytical-descriptive methods and collected information from library resources, articles, and journals. The findings indicate that over the past two decades, the European Union and the United States did not differ in supporting a strong government in Afghanistan. However, they had differences in their approaches and methods to achieve their goals, leading to the failure of state-building efforts.
Peranan Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Peserta didik
Authors: Nisa Chairun , Daivina Dara 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK
Tujuan pembelajaran yang harus dicapai oleh peseta didik tidak hanya sekedar ranah kognitif saja, melainkan juga ranah afektif dan ranah psikomotorik. Kecerdasan spiritual termasuk dalam ranah afektif yang harus dikuasai oleh peserta didik. Kecerdasan spiritual dapat dicapai dengan baik apabila guru menjalankan perannya sebaik mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran guru PAI dalam pembelajaran dan upaya yang dilakukan guru PAI untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual peserta didik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sumber data penelitian ini yaitu Guru PAI dan siswa SMP Negeri 1 Takengon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran guru PAI dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual peserta didik yaitu guru sebagai motivator, pembimbing, role model/suri tauladan, informator, dan organisator. Upaya yang dilakukan guru PAI yaitu melibatkan peserta didik dalam kegiatan keagamaan secara rutin yang merupakan progam madrasah. Membaca al-qur’an secara bergiliran, membaca do’a sebelum belajar, shalawatan, membaca surah Yasin, dan sholat berjama’ah yang dilakukan rutin.
Kata Kunci: Peran Guru PAI; Kecerdasan Spiritual; Kegiatan Keagamaan
Investigation of euthanasia techniques in four species of cockroaches
Authors: Tucker Samuel M. , Balko Julie A. , Smith Dustin C. , Minter Larry J. , Houck Emma L. 
Published: October 2023

While cockroaches are commonly exhibited in zoos and museums, studied in research laboratories, and even kept as pets, scientifically based guidelines for their euthanasia are lacking. This study assessed euthanasia techniques in four species of cockroaches (Dubia (Blaptica dubia), red runner (Shelfordella lateralis), Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa), and giant cave (Blaberus giganteus)). In an initial pilot study, two hundred fifty adult Dubia cockroaches were exposed in groups of ten to a cotton ball soaked with 2 mL of isoflurane in a 1 L air-tight chamber. Thirty minutes beyond loss of any individual movement, groups were exposed to one of the following secondary treatments: freezing at −18 °C or −80 °C from 0.25 to 24 hours; immersion in 10% neutral buffered formalin, 70% isopropyl alcohol, or reverse osmosis water for 0.25 or 0.5 hours; or intracoelomic injection of potassium chloride (456 mEq/kg) or pentobarbital-based euthanasia solution (3.9 g/kg). A control group remained in the air-tight isoflurane chamber for 24 hours. Following all treatments, cockroaches were monitored for an additional 24 hours for spontaneous movement. Irreversible loss of movement was considered synonymous with irreversible loss of consciousness (death). Across all species, isoflurane anesthesia followed by either 70% isopropyl alcohol immersion for 0.25 or 0.5 hours or isoflurane exposure for 24 hours resulted in euthanasia in 100% of cockroaches. This study is the first evaluation of American Veterinary Medical Association-recommended euthanasia protocols in cockroaches.
Design and Construction of an Optical Communication System: Utilizing High‐Performance Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Photodetectors
Authors: Sun Ximing , Wang Zhanyu , Du Xuejing , Zhao Dawei , Cui Feng , Cong Lujia , Ren Yandong 
Published: October 2023

AbstractOptical communication has become a research hotspot in modern non‐contact communication systems, and high‐performance photodetectors, as a key component, are crucial for achieving high‐fidelity signal transmission. Photoconductive devices (PCDs) are expected to find applications in the field of optical communication due to their advantages in high gain. However, it is difficult to achieve an effective balance between high responsiveness and fast response times in PCDs, leading to significant challenges in their commercial applications in the field of optical communication. In this paper, by employing both the mask method and channel width tuning method, a high‐performance PCD is developed based on the Ag‐MAPbI3‐Ag structure, demonstrating a high responsivity of 45.5 A W−1, a high detectivity of 7 × 1012 Jones, and a fast response time of 0.35 ms. Finally, this device is integrated into an optical communication system using embedded technology, effectively achieves byte transmission, and demonstrates the practical application of single‐crystal MAPbI3 PCD as a signal receiver in the system. This research provides a noteworthy approach to facilitating the seamless integration and commercialization of optical communication systems utilizing perovskite single‐crystal devices, while also paving the way for optical interconnects based on perovskite.
Construction of Nitrogen Spirocycles in a Tandem Co(III)‐catalyzed C−H Activation/Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Brześkiewicz Jakub , Loska Rafał 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComplex spirocyclic isoindolines and pyrrolidines are formed in a tandem process involving Co(III)‐catalyzed dienylation of cyclic C‐aryl nitrones with 2,3‐butadien‐1‐ol carbonates, followed by intramolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. The nitrone moiety serves both as a directing group for the C(aryl)−H activation and the dipole in the cycloaddition step. High regioselectivity of the fused vs. bridged product can be obtained by adjusting the reaction temperature. Reactions with substituted allenic substrates provide heterocycles with additional stereocenters usually with complete diastereoselectivity. The reaction products were readily transformed further into other complex nitrogen‐containing spirocyclic systems.