bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of vitamin C deficiency in adult hospitalized patients in high-income countries: a scoping review
Authors: Golder Janet E , Bauer Judith D , Barker Lisa A , Lemoh Christopher N , Gibson Simone J , Davidson Zoe E 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Assessment for vitamin C deficiency (VCD) is rarely undertaken in an acute hospital setting in high-income countries. However, with growing interest in VCD in community settings, there is emerging evidence investigating the prevalence and impact of VCD during hospitalization.

Objectives
In this scoping review, the prevalence of VCD in adult hospitalized patients is explored, patient characteristics are described, and risk factors and clinical outcomes associated with VCD are identified.

Methods
A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR framework. The Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for interventional, comparative, and case-series studies that met eligibility criteria, including adult hospital inpatients in high-income countries, as defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, that reported VCD prevalence using World Health Organization reference standards. These standards define VCD deficiency as plasma or serum vitamin C level &lt;11.4 µmol/L, wholeblood level &lt;17 µmol/L, or leukocytes &lt;57 nmol/108 cells.

Results
Twenty-three articles were included, representing 22 studies. The cumulative prevalence of VCD was 27.7% (n = 2494; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21.3-34.0). High prevalence of VCD was observed in patients with severe acute illness and poor nutritional status. Scurvy was present in 48% to 62% of patients with VCD assessed in 2 studies (n = 71). Being retired (P = 0.015) and using excessive amounts of alcohol and tobacco (P = 0.0003) were independent risk factors for VCD (n = 184). Age was not conclusively associated with VCD (n = 631). Two studies examined nutrition associations (n = 309); results were inconsistent. Clinical outcomes for VCD included increased risk of frailty (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95%CI, 1.33–13.86; P = 0.015) and cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio, 2.93; 95%CI, 1.05–8.19, P = 0.031) (n = 160).

Conclusions
VCD is a nutritional challenge facing the healthcare systems of high-income countries. Research focused on early identification and treatment of patients with VCD is warranted.

Systematic Review Registration
Open Science Framework ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AJGHX ).
Extended molt phenology models improve inferences about molt duration and timing
Authors: Boersch-Supan Philipp H , Hanmer Hugh J , Robinson Robert A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Molt is an essential life-history event in birds and many mammals, as maintenance of feathers and fur is critical for survival. Despite this molt remains an understudied life-history event. Non-standard statistical techniques are required to estimate the phenology of molt from observations of plumage or pelage state, and existing molt phenology models have strict sampling requirements that can be difficult to meet under real-world conditions. We present an extended modelling framework that can accommodate features of real-world molt datasets, such as re-encounters of individuals, misclassified molt states, and/or molt state-dependent sampling bias. We demonstrate that such features can lead to biased inferences when using existing molt phenology models, and show that our model extensions can improve inferences about molt phenology under a wide range of sampling conditions. We hope that our novel modelling framework removes barriers for modelling molt phenology data from real-world datasets and thereby further facilitates the uptake of appropriate statistical methods for such data. Although we focus on molt, the modelling framework is applicable to other phenological processes that can be recorded using either ordered categories or approximately linear progress scores.
Simple-Sum Giant Graviton Expansions for Orbifolds and Orientifolds
Authors: Fujiwara Shota , Imamura Yosuke , Mori Tatsuya , Murayama Shuichi , Yokoyama Daisuke 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study giant graviton expansions of the superconformal index of 4D orbifold/orientifold theories. In general, a giant graviton expansion is given as a multiple sum over wrapping numbers. It is known that the expansion can be reduced to a simple sum for the ${\cal N}=4$ U(N) supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) by choosing appropriate expansion variables. We find such a reduction occurs for a few examples of orbifold and orientifold theories: the $\mathbb {Z}_k$ orbifold and orientifolds with O3 and O7. We also argue that for a quiver gauge theory associated with a toric Calabi–Yau 3-fold the simple-sum expansion works only if the toric diagram is a triangle, i.e. the Calabi–Yau is an orbifold of $\mathbb {C}^3$.
A Regional System under Tight-Knit Elite Rule: The Last Attempt to Introduce Decentralization in Early Italy
Authors: Brosio Giorgio 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article discusses a regionalization project, known as Minghetti’s bill, that was presented to the Italian parliament just after the creation of the country in 1861, debated at length, and finally rejected. The bill was the most advanced point reached on the decentralization front in Italy before the Second World War. Minghetti's bill is the first example of a regional process ever brought to parliamentary discussion. It was also a precursor of other regionalization schemes, such as the creation of French regions in 1972.
‘I never thought exercise could help improve my sleep’: experiences of people with rheumatoid arthritis on the impact of an 8-week walking-based exercise intervention in improving their sleep
Authors: McKenna Seán G , Larkin Louise , Donnelly Alan , Esbensen Bente Appel , Ng Wan Lin , Anjum Aqeel Maqsood , Fraser Alexander , Kennedy Norelee 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of people with RA of participating in an exercise intervention to improve their sleep.

Methods
Using a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 people with RA who had completed an 8-week walking-based exercise intervention to improve their total sleep time, sleep quality and sleep disturbance. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes were generated: positive impact of exercise on participants’ sleep (‘I really didn’t think any type of exercise would help me sleep better, if I’m honest’); positive experiences of the exercise intervention (‘I learnt so much regarding walking that I didn’t even think about’); clear mental health benefits (‘If you don’t sleep well then it will have a knock-on effect to your mental health’); and achieving empowerment and ownership when exercising (‘I feel empowered now and confident that I’m not doing harm to myself’).

Conclusion
The findings demonstrated that participants had not expected exercise to improve their sleep. Although there is a growing consensus that exercise will benefit sleep and mitigate some disease symptoms, research is severely lacking in people with RA.
Comparative efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Mease Philip J , Gladman Dafna D , Merola Joseph F , Nash Peter , Grieve Stacy , Laliman-Khara Victor , Willems Damon , Taieb Vanessa , Prickett Adam R , Coates Laura C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To understand the relative efficacy and safety of bimekizumab, a selective inhibitor of IL-17F in addition to IL-17A, vs other biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs (b/tsDMARDs) for PsA using network meta-analysis (NMA).

Methods
A systematic literature review (most recent update conducted on 1 January 2023) identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of b/tsDMARDs in PsA. Bayesian NMAs were conducted for efficacy outcomes at Weeks 12–24 for b/tsDMARD-naïve and TNF inhibitor (TNFi)-experienced patients. Safety at Weeks 12–24 was analysed in a mixed population. Odds ratios (ORs) and differences of mean change with the associated 95% credible interval (CrI) were calculated for the best-fitting models, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values were calculated to determine relative rank.

Results
The NMA included 41 RCTs for 22 b/tsDMARDs. For minimal disease activity (MDA), bimekizumab ranked 1st in b/tsDMARD-naïve patients and 2nd in TNFi-experienced patients. In b/tsDMARD-naïve patients, bimekizumab ranked 6th, 5th and 3rd for ACR response ACR20/50/70, respectively. In TNFi-experienced patients, bimekizumab ranked 1st, 2nd and 1st for ACR20/50/70, respectively. For Psoriasis Area and Severity Index 90/100, bimekizumab ranked 2nd and 1st in b/tsDMARD-naïve patients, respectively, and 1st and 2nd in TNFi-experienced patients, respectively. Bimekizumab was comparable to b/tsDMARDs for serious adverse events.

Conclusion
Bimekizumab ranked favourably among b/tsDMARDs for efficacy on joint, skin and MDA outcomes, and showed comparable safety, suggesting it may be a beneficial treatment option for patients with PsA.
Neurobehavioral functions during recurrent periods of sleep restriction: effects of intra-individual variability in sleep duration
Authors: Koa Tiffany B , Gooley Joshua J , Chee Michael W L , Lo June C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To investigate whether neurobehavioral impairments are exacerbated during successive cycles of sleep restriction and recovery in young adults, and whether a variable short sleep schedule can mitigate these impairments relative to a stable one.

Methods
Fifty-two healthy young adults (25 males, aged: 21–28) were randomly assigned to the stable short sleep group, the variable short sleep group, or the control group in this laboratory-based study. They underwent two baseline nights of 8-hour time-in-bed (TIB), followed by two cycles of “weekday” sleep opportunity manipulation and “weekend” recovery (8-hour TIB). During each manipulation period, the stable short sleep and the control groups received 6- and 8-hour TIBs each night respectively, while the variable short sleep group received 8-hour, 4-hour, 8-hour, 4-hour, and 6-hour TIBs from the first to the fifth night. Neurobehavioral functions were assessed five times each day.

Results
The stable short sleep group showed faster vigilance deterioration in the second week of sleep restriction as compared to the first. This effect was not observed in the variable short sleep group. Subjective alertness and practice-based improvement in processing speed were attenuated in both short sleep groups.

Conclusions
In young adults, more variable short sleep schedules incorporating days of prophylactic or recovery sleep might mitigate compounding vigilance deficits resulting from recurrent cycles of sleep restriction. However, processing speed and subjective sleepiness were still impaired in both short sleep schedules. Getting sufficient sleep consistently is the only way to ensure optimal neurobehavioral functioning.

Clinical Trial
Performance, Mood, and Brain and Metabolic Functions During Different Sleep Schedules (STAVAR), https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04731662, NCT04731662
Effects of feeding an inoculated corn silage with or without a direct-fed microbial on dry matter intake, milk production, and nutrient digestibility of high-producing lactating Holstein cows
Authors: Kok Ivonne , Copani Giuseppe , Bryan Keith A , Witt Kristian L M , van Straalen Wilfried M , do Amaral Rafael C , Cappellozza Bruno I 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of inoculating corn silage and/or feeding a direct-fed microbial (PRO) on performance and nutrient digestibility of lactating dairy cows. At harvesting, corn silage was treated either with water (culated or not [CON]) or Lactococcus lactis and Lentilactobacillus buchneri (INC; SiloSolve FC) at 1.5 × 105 cfu/g of corn silage. Ten mini silos and one farm-scale silo bunker per treatment were prepared for the laboratory and the lactating dairy cow trial, respectively. Five mini silos per treatment were opened on days 2 or 90 post-ensiling for pH measurement, as well as chemical analysis and aerobic stability, respectively. The farm-scale silo bunkers were opened 77 d post-ensiling for the beginning of the lactating cow trial. Eighty lactating Holstein cows were assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial design to: (1) CON silage without PRO (CON-CON; n = 20), (2) CON silage with PRO at 14 g/head/d (CON-PRO; n = 20), (3) INC silage without PRO (INC-CON; n = 20), and (4) INC silage with PRO at 14 g/head/d (INC-PRO; n = 20). Concurrently with the feeding trial, eight cows per treatment were chosen for nutrient digestibility. The pH of the corn silage was not affected by the silage inoculant (P ≥ 0.29), but INC yielded greater concentration of acetic acid and longer aerobic stability (P &lt; 0.01). Dairy cows fed INC had a lower mean total dry matter intake (DMI), milk protein content, and somatic cell counts vs. CON (P ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, milk and fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) production efficiency, milk urea-N, DM, crude protein, and starch digestibility were greater for INC-fed cows (P ≤ 0.03). Feeding direct-fed microbials (DFM) improved mean body weight, milk yield, and FPCM, as well as milk protein and lactose yield (P ≤ 0.05), but reduced milk fat and protein content (P = 0.02). A silage inoculant × DFM interaction was observed for milk production efficiency, milk protein and lactose content, and somatic cell count (P ≤ 0.05). Dairy cows fed INC-CON had a greater milk production efficiency and milk lactose content (P ≤ 0.04), but INC-PRO had lower milk protein content and SCC (P ≤ 0.03). In summary, inoculating L. lactis and L. buchneri increased acetic acid content and aerobic stability of corn silage, reduced DMI, but improved milk production efficiency and nutrient digestibility of lactating Holstein dairy cows. On the other hand, feeding PRO improved milk, protein, and lactose yield. Additionally, combining the feeding of an inoculated corn silage with PRO reduced milk somatic cell count.
“Two-Birds-One-Stone” Oral Nanotherapeutic Designed to Target Intestinal Integrins and Regulate Redox Homeostasis for Ulcerative Colitis Treatment
Authors: Huang Long , Hu Wei , Huang Long Qun , Zhou Qin Xuan , Song Zheng Yang , Tao Heng Yu , Xu Bing , Zhang Can Yang , Wang Yi , Xing Xin-Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDesigning highly efficient orally administrated nanotherapeutics with specific inflammatory site-targeting functions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for ulcerative colitis (UC) management is a significant challenge. Straightforward and adaptable modular multifunctional nanotherapeutics represent groundbreaking advancements and are crucial to promoting broad application in both academic research and clinical practice. In this study, we focused on exploring a specific targeting modular and functional oral nanotherapy, serving as “one stone”, for the directed localization of inflammation and the regulation of redox homeostasis, thereby achieving effects against “two birds” for UC treatment. The designed nanotherapeutic agent OPNs@LMWH, which has a core-shell structure composed of oxidation-sensitive ε-polylysine nanoparticles (OPNs) in the core and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in the shell, exhibited specific active targeting effects and therapeutic efficacy simultaneously. We qualitatively and quantificationally confirmed that OPNs@LMWH possessed high integrin αM-mediated immune cellular uptake efficiency and preferentially accumulated in inflamed lesions. Compared with bare OPNs, OPNs@LMWH exhibited enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-inflammatory effects. After oral administration of OPNs@LMWH to mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, robust resilience was observed. OPNs@LMWH effectively ameliorated oxidative stress and inhibited the activation of inflammation-associated signalling pathways while simultaneously bolstering the protective mechanisms of the colonic epithelium. Overall, these findings underscore the compelling dual functionalities of OPNs@LMWH, which enable effective oral delivery to inflamed sites, thereby facilitating precise UC management.
Neutral speciation in realistic populations
Authors: Nelson Erik D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstractde Aguiar et al. have shown that basic patterns of species diversity found in nature can be described by a neutral model of speciation in which species emerge simply as a consequence of local mating, and mate preference for genetic similarity. Their results have been cited as support for the neutral theory of biodiversity. However, because the mutation rates considered in their work are much larger than those experienced by living organisms, there is still some question as to whether speciation will occur in this type of model under realistic conditions. Here, I develop a variant of the neutral model that includes a realistic mechanism for organism dispersal. I explore speciation in the model for a class of mobile organisms (butterflies), and I find that speciation does occur under conditions consistent with butterfly populations, albeit on narrow landscapes. The model also appears to exhibit scaling behavior – specifically, if the model is “scaled up” by increasing the area of the landscape while holding its length to width ratio and population density constant, the number of species tends to an asymptotic value. The results suggest that it is possible to infer speciation patterns in large populations by simulating much smaller, computationally tractable populations.
Fall of giants: European diversity resistance to waterscape degradation and its potential continental drivers
Authors: Cunillera-Montcusí David , Borthagaray Ana-Inés , Bou Jordi , Arim Matías 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAquatic landscapes, or waterscapes, face severe threats from human activities propelling their deterioration. Waterscape degradation represents a main driver of the current diversity crisis, although its long-term consequences are difficult to quantify. In addition, the understanding of the potential effects of waterscape degradation on biodiversity at large spatial scales, such as biomes and continents, remains limited. In this work, we explore the potential trends in diversity decay in response to waterscape degradation across Europe to provide a first answer to these main threads. We reconstructed the European waterscape based on available satellite data and simulated diversity patterns using a coalescent metacommunity model run for several European ecoregions and considering nine dispersal abilities. Subsequently, we generated a gradient of waterscape degradation by systematically removing a percentage of available habitat and recalculating diversity metrics. For each ecoregion, dispersal ability, and degradation level we obtained a theoretical gamma diversity value. We synthesized the captured diversity decay trends in two parameters: the proportional decay rate and the collapsing rate, which respectively inform about the speed of diversity loss and its acceleration as waterscape degradation progresses. Finally, we mapped these parameters across Europe and related them with ecoregion structural descriptors (i.e. geographic location, water cover, connectivity, and size). Through this exercise, we could identify ecoregions’ sensitivities and their continental variation based on their diversity decay parameters. Connectivity and water cover emerged as primary descriptors of diversity decay, with more heterogeneous ecoregions generally exhibiting greater resistance to waterscape degradation. Our study provides a first order approximation to an urgently needed information: the continental-scale consequences of waterscape degradation for biodiversity. This data has the potential to improve conservation practices and facilitate the integration of innovative approaches in management, thereby enhancing our understanding of the consequences posed by one of the principal threats to freshwater diversity.
BATF controls IFN I production via DC-SCRIPT in plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Authors: Ali Shafaqat , Mann-Nüttel Ritu , Marson Marcel , Leiser Ben , Hoffe Jasmina , Dress Regine J. , Bhuyan Mahamudul Hasan , Petzsch Patrick , Köhrer Karl , Xu Haifeng C. , Lang Philipp A. , Zhang Shengbo , Chopin Michaël , Nutt Stephen L. , Alferink Judith , Scheu Stefanie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) plays a pivotal role in coordinating various aspects of lymphoid cell biology, yet essential functions in dendritic cells (DCs) have not been reported. Here we demonstrate that BATF deficiency leads to increased interferon (IFN) I production in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), while BATF overexpression has an inhibitory effect. BATF-deficient mice exhibit elevated IFN I serum levels early in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Through ATAC-Seq analysis, BATF emerges as a pioneer transcription factor, regulating approximately one third of the known transcription factors in pDCs. Integrated transcriptomics and ChIP-Seq approaches identified the transcriptional regulator DC-SCRIPT as a direct target of BATF that suppresses IFN I promoter activity by interacting with the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses further implicate BATF in pDC-mediated human diseases. Our findings establish a novel negative feedback axis in IFN I regulation in pDCs during anti-viral immune responses orchestrated by BATF and DC-SCRIPT, with broader implications for pDC and IFN I-mediated autoimmunity.
Immunogenicity of autologous and allogeneic human primary cholangiocyte organoids
Authors: Petrus-Reurer Sandra , Tysoe Olivia , Lei Winnie , Mairesse Maelle , Tan Thomas , Rehakova Sylvia , Mahbubani Krishnaa , Jones Julia , Brodie Cara , Han Namshik , Betts Catherine , Vallier Ludovic , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTPrimary human cells cultured in 3D organoid format have great promise as potential regenerative cellular therapies, but their immunogenicity has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, we usein vitroco-cultures andin vivohumanized mouse experimental models to examine the human immune response to autologous and allogeneic primary cholangiocyte organoids (PCOs). Our data demonstrate that PCOs upregulate the expression of HLA-I and HLA-II in inflammatory conditions. The immune response to allogeneic PCOs is driven by both HLA-I and HLA-II and is substantially ameliorated by donor-recipient HLA matching. Autologous PCOs induce a low-level immune infiltration into the graft site, while allogeneic cells display evolving stages of immune rejectionin vivo. Our findings have important implications for the design and clinical translation of autologous and allogeneic organoid cellular therapies.ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARYThe immune response to human primary cholangiocyte organoids is ameliorated by donor-recipient HLA matching.