bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient integration of isochronous and data bursty traffics in low earth orbit‐mobile satellite systems
Authors: Andreadis Alessandro , Angioloni Riccardo , Fantacci Romano , Giambene Giovanni 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper focuses on the radio resource management in low earth orbit‐mobile satellite systems (LEO‐MSSs) based on a time division multiple access (TDMA) air interface. A novel demand–assignment medium access control (MAC) protocol, named DRAMA+ (dynamic resource assignment multiple access—enhanced version), is proposed, where voice and Web traffic sources obtain transmission slots through requests sent by means of a random access phase. The round‐trip propagation delay (RTD) of LEO‐MSSs prevents an immediate feedback for each transmission attempt. Therefore, the main concern of the DRAMA+ scheme is to realize an efficient access phase. All the transmission requests successfully received at the satellite are managed by an on board scheduler. We have shown that DRAMA+ outperforms other techniques appeared in the literature in terms of voice quality, transmission delays for bursty data traffics and resource utilization. Moreover, a performance analysis of an ideal version of the DRAMA+ scheme has permitted us to prove the potentialities of the proposed DRAMA+ technique. Stability issues have been addressed as well as the impact on the DRAMA+ performance of the LEO satellite constellation RTD value. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A science teacher's reflections and knowledge growth about STS instruction after actual implementation
Authors: Tsai Chin‐Chung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe major purpose of this study was to describe a science teacher's views of STS (Science–Technology–Society) instruction and what she acquired after implementing a two‐semester STS‐oriented science course in a high school of Taiwan. Upon analysis of the teacher's journals, interview data, concept maps, and relevant student questionnaire responses, this study revealed the following findings. The teacher believed that STS instruction was a potential way of practicing so‐called “constructivist” teaching and her pedagogical knowledge about STS showed a considerable growth. As a result of STS instruction, her epistemological views of science seemed to progress toward more constructivist‐oriented views of science. The heavy content load of Taiwan's national curriculum, regular cross‐class standard tests, the lack of peers' or administrative support, the resource limitations in Chinese language, and the cultural impacts were identified as major factors that inhibited her implementation of STS instruction. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 86:23–41, 2001.
A supporting system for verification among models of the UML
Authors: Ohnishi Atsushi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe propose a method for verifying the consistency among UML (Unified Modeling Language) models and for modifying errors of the models. We have been developing a system based on the proposed method. In this paper, the outline of the method will be described. The system configuration and its examples will be illustrated with a simple news system. We also show the usefulness of our method and the system through the example. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(4): 1–13, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10016
A translation aid system by retrieving bilingual news database
Authors: Kumano Tadashi , Goto Isao , Tanaka Hideki , Uratani Noriyoshi , Ehara Terumasa 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMachine translation technology is currently incapable of producing translations of the high quality required for purposes such as broadcast news. Such translations still require skilled human translators. We have developed a translation aid system to support translators in such tasks. The system retrieves news articles by answering user queries, and shows the entire article together with the corresponding translated article. The system does not require manual alignment of each sentence with its translation when storing articles in a database. Thus, it is capable of handling flexible translations. Moreover, the system helps users learn not just the translations for queried expressions, but also the facts described in the articles, which can aid in producing good translations. The results of a user inquiry demonstrated the validity of the system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(8): 19‐29, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10072
Design of medical teleconsultation support system using super‐high‐definition imaging system
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Sakano Toshikazu , Fujii Tatsuya , Ando Yutaka , Kitamura Masayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA medical teleconsultation is a service to connect a provincial clinic to a central hospital, and enable a central medical specialist to offer diagnosis support to a remote doctor. This research aims to clarify the features required to realize such services and such systems. We have constructed a telemedicine system by combining a high‐speed network, a medical image database, a super‐high‐definition imaging system, and an IP‐based video conferencing system. Based on this system, we developed the medical teleconsultation support system. Using the system, we performed experiments on medical teleconsultation in which two doctors in different places inspected the same image and discussed the appropriate radiation therapy. Through these experiments, we proved the usability of the collaborative work functions implemented on the system, such as the image preloading function to realize high‐speed image display switching regardless of network speed, the synchronized image‐display function, and the shared pointer display function. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(8): 9–18, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.10075
Whisper: A wearable handset
Authors: Fukumoto Masaaki , Tonomura Yoshinobu 
Published: August 2002

Abstract“Whisper,” a handset that can be worn on the wrist, transmits incoming sound via bone conduction through the insertion of a finger on the hand with the device into the ear. The position of a hand touching an ear resembles the way in which a conventional handset (telephone) is used, and even when the device is operated using voice commands, people nearby will regard this as “using a telephone” and experience little discomfort. In addition, the use of bone conduction to receive calls allows for calls in noisy environments without raising the volume [under 90 dB (A) of noise, –12 dB compared to a conventional handset]. Outgoing speech is achieved through a microphone attached to the inside of the wrist. By placing the finger in the ear, feedback of the speaking voice is created, and the voice does not need to be raised even under noisy conditions, virtually eliminating discomfort to anyone nearby [under 90 dB (A) of noise, –6 dB compared to a conventional handset]. In addition to its use in a voice interface for a PDA worn on the wrist, Whisper can also be used for cellular phones and other telephone applications. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(4): 38–47, 2001
A method of inductive machine discovery based on experimental data acquisition
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Shimura Masamichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAcquisition of experimental data is very important in the discovery of theorems and rules. In most existing discovery systems, extensive subject knowledge is required to evaluate experimental results, or numerous experiment plans are prelearned. On the other hand, few if any reports explore methods of discovery based on experimental data acquisition, not relying heavily on subject knowledge. This paper presents a method of discovering theorems in the field of plane geometry experimentally. Generation and observation of planar figures corresponds to experiments in terms of preparation for data acquisition. The EXPEDITION discovery system based on experimental data acquisition was developed; this system performs inductive discovery of theorems using numerical data obtained by generation and observation of figures. Hypotheses are advanced using segment lengths and angle magnitudes, and then verified using similar figures. EXPEDITION was able not only to rediscover well‐known theorems such as Thales's theorem, but also to originate new theorems. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(4): 69–75, 2001
Measurement of surface orientations of transparent objects using polarization in highlight
Authors: Saito Megumi , Sato Yoichi , Ikeuchi Katsushi , Kashiwagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThere are no simple noncontact methods available to measure a transparent object's shape. In this context, the authors suggest highlight polarization analysis as a method for noncontact measurement of the transparent object's shape. Highlight is the light observed as specular reflection component, which is the part of reflected light that remains nearly unchanged (that is, very much similar to source light). Highlight, however, is only observed near the direction of regular reflection, which normally covers just a small part of the object's surface. As a solution, use of spherical area light source is offered; with such a light source, normal direction can be found across the whole object's surface without any contact. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(5): 64–71, 2001
Evaluation of the effective information preservation method for binary image reduction
Authors: Wakabayashi Kaoru 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOne effective technique for searching through a huge volume of stored binary documents and graphics is to use high‐quality, high‐compression reduction so that a large quantity of pictures can be presented at one time for browsing. In this connection, the author has previously reported on the usefulness of the Extended Thin Line Preservation (ETP) methods in binary image reduction. This paper proposes an enhancement of ETP called the Effective Information Preservation (EIP) method that achieves even higher compression and quality by preserving effective information existing in the original image. The paper begins by describing the principle behind preservation of effective information in the EIP method and showing that a converted picture without missing information can be generated. It then describes subjective evaluation experiments that were performed to determine the effectiveness of the EIP conversion method in terms of picture quality, using the Binary to Gray‐Scale (BGS) method for converting to halftone pictures as a quality index. Results of the experiments revealed that the EIP method produces better pictures than the BGS method in hardcopy evaluation, and that quality was favorable for conversion ratios under 1/5 in softcopy evaluation. Furthermore, in comparing the two methods for the same amount of data, the EIP method was found to exhibit extremely high data efficiency. These findings indicate that EIP can produce high‐quality pictures with a small amount of data for high‐compression reduction at a ratio of 1/10, and that it is useful in creating a superlarge multi‐image display for high‐speed browsing. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(7): 1–11, 2001
Development of an online handwritten character recognition module on WWW client and its implementation in a WWW‐based intelligent tutoring system
Authors: Ito Joe , Egashira Hiroyuki , Okazaki Yasuhisa , Watanabe Kenzi , Kondo Hiroki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterfaces for handwritten inputs are expected to be useful as means by which a student can use natural handwritten inputs in an intelligent tutoring system. Intelligent tutoring systems operating on the WWW have been developed with the input interfaces of the mouse and keyboard. The authors have developed HandChaRM‐WWW, which is a module performing handwritten character recognition on the WWW. The module is written in Java and installed on a WWW client such that no communication delay occurs during character recognition. The characters recognized are limited to numbers, operators, the equal sign, and the like, and handwritten character recognition is realized by extracting characters with high speed and high accuracy. WWW FRONTIER has been developed by implementing HandChaRM‐WWW on an intelligent CAI system which guides fractional calculations. WWW FRONTIER is a drill‐type intelligent tutoring system which responds to a student by giving a fractional adding or subtracting problem. A student can input a fractional equation on the WWW in handwritten form. A handwritten character recognition rate of 93% has been obtained in evaluation experiments, which constitutes a practical level. The architecture of HandChaRM‐WWW is considered to be effective in intelligent tutoring systems for other domains which have characters as targets of recognition. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 33(2): 12–21, 2002
Development and evaluation of a spoken dialogue system for academic document retrieval with a focus on reply generation
Authors: Kiriyama Shinya , Hirose Keikichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA spoken dialogue system for retrieving academic documents was constructed and evaluated. In order to realize speech reply with its prosodic features properly controlled to express dialogue focus, a concept‐to‐speech conversion scheme was developed where the reply sentence concept was finally converted step‐by‐step to phone and prosodic symbol strings to be fed to a speech synthesizer, instead of simply using a text‐to‐speech conversion scheme as done in other conventional spoken dialogue systems. The main research focuses were on the following three points: (1) generating a reply sentence easily understood by users and unambiguous to users by controlling the amount of information included in it: deleting redundant information and adding necessary information; (2) realizing functions necessary for increasing system usability; (3) generating a speech reply with natural‐sounding prosody, with the dialogue focuses correctly conveyed. Evaluations of the original system, formerly developed, gave us guidelines to realize points (1) and (2). Based on them, a revised system was constructed and evaluated, showing the validity of its new functions. It was also shown that speech replies with prosodic features representing dialogue focuses could bring about clearer information transmission. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(4): 25–39, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1117
Discrimination of similar characters with quadratic compound Mahalanobis function
Authors: Suzuki Masato , Kato Nei , Nemoto Yoshiaki , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCMF is an efficient function in distinguishing a character from similar ones. This distinction is performed by correcting the Mahalanobis distance using feature vectors projected onto a certain subspace. However, this approach may have some limitations for the projective space, because the decision boundary surface of two similar characters is generally very complicated. There is also a method to estimate the decision boundary surface of two similar characters using nonlinear conversion, but the degree of variance—covariance matrix used in this estimation is very large. In this paper, we propose a CMF applied quadratic nonlinear conversion. We refer to our proposed method as the Quadratic Compound Mahalanobis Function (QCMF). It is shown that the QCMF can discriminate similar characters with a smaller amount of computation than discrimination with quadratic nonlinear conversion, and that in recognition experiments with similar characters, the accuracy of a recognition system with QCMF is better than that with CMF. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(5): 11–20, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1123
Analysis of muscle fatigue process using superimposed M wave at several contraction levels
Authors: Ichinoseki Noriko , Kiryu Tohru , Saitoh Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method of estimating muscle fatigue simply and quantitatively is desirable in rehabilitation and exercise training. This paper discusses a method that estimates the muscle fatigue quantitatively by using the evoked EMG. More precisely, the method is as follows. The superimposed M wave which is evoked by an electrical stimulation during the specified voluntary sustained contraction is measured at several muscle contraction levels. The relation between the instantaneous frequency (IF) at the feature point of the M wave and the mean power frequency (MPF), which is derived from the background muscle activity, is examined by using the MPF‐IF scatter diagram. The following results are obtained. When the muscle contraction level is low, there is no significant positive correlation or the correlation coefficient is negative between the MPF and IF. But when the muscle contraction level is high, there are cases in which a high positive correlation is observed, and cases in which no significant correlation is observed. It is suggested that muscle fatigue can be estimated quantitatively from the MPF‐IF scatter diagram and the coefficient of correlation between the MPF and IF. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(6): 53–61, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1132
On a method to decide kernel patterns of morphological associative memory
Authors: Ida Toshihiro , Ueda Syuji , Kashima Masayuki , Fuchida Takayasu , Murashima Sadayuki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAssociative memory devices using computational morphology as proposed by Ritter are garnering a lot of attention. Ritter proposed two types of memory arrays, M and W, which have considerable levels of erosional noise and dilational noise, respectively. In addition, he has proposed an association method which combines the two memory arrays comprised of kernels when recalling a memory pattern. In this paper the authors investigate the recall rate by implementing the two‐stage recall method proposed by Ritter. However, this method cannot readily create kernel patterns when one memory pattern is included in other memory patterns or when a characteristic region for a memory pattern does not exist, and so the kernel pattern must be created by trial and error. Therefore, as the number of memory patterns increases, deciding the kernel pattern becomes more difficult. The authors demonstrate a method for creating kernels automatically for any memory pattern as a way to overcome this problem. It was found that in comparison to the associative memory device proposed by Ritter, the authors' resulting associative memory device could readily create kernel patterns for any memory pattern without relying on trial and error. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(7): 85–94, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1144
Determination of inelastic mean free paths for AuPd alloys by elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES)
Authors: Krawczyk M. , Jablonski A. , Zommer L. , Tóth J. , Varga D. , Kövér L. , Gergely G. , Menyhard M. , Sulyok A. , Bendek Zs. , Gruzza B. , Robert C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) of three AuPd alloys were determined by means of elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) in a round‐robin study in four laboratories using different types of electron spectrometers in the energy range 0.5–2 keV. The scatter of the IMFP values was in the range of 25%. Within this accuracy the inverse IMFP of these alloys can be calculated by the weighted sum of the inverse IMFPs of the alloying elements. Reflected electron energy loss spectra also were measured and the Kλ curves, calculated by the method of Tougaard, were used for estimating the inelastic processes in the alloys. The source of the scatter in the IMFPs obtained in the present work is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of quartz particles by means of an atomic force microscope for planetary exploration
Authors: Gautsch S. , Akiyama T. , Imer R. , de Rooij N. F. , Staufer U. , Niedermann Ph. , Howald L. , Brändlin D. , Tonin A. , Hidber H.‐R. , Pike W. T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWithin the last 2 years our consortium has developed, built and tested an atomic force microscope for planetary science applications, in particular for the study of Martian dust and soil. An array of eight cantilevers and tips provides redundancy in case of tip or cantilever failure. Images can be recorded in both static and dynamic operation modes. As we plan to investigate Martian dust, our interest focuses on the behaviour of the instrument when measuring loose particles in the above‐mentioned modes. During scanning, tip contamination with a particle occurs quite frequently, altering the quality of the images. Before changing the cantilever, reverse‐imaging the contaminated tip on a tip calibration sample will be performed in order to increase the scientific throughput. We present the results of our test measurements on respirable α‐quartz. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermochemical surface treatment of iron–silicon and iron–manganese alloys
Authors: Vanden Eynde X. , Servais J.‐P. , Lamberigts M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo binary alloys (Fe–0.5 wt.% Si and Fe–1.5 wt.% Mn) and a high silicon steel were used to investigate the thermochemical phenomena occurring at the sample free surface during simulation annealing cycles aimed to achieve a hot‐dip galvanizing‐compatible surface condition.The samples were annealed for 60 s at 800–810°C in atmospheres composed of nitrogen and hydrogen (either 0 or 5 vol.% H2), the dew points of which were varied from −60 to 0°C, corresponding to water vapour contents ranging from 10 to 6000 ppm. The surface chemical conditions were characterized by in situ x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Annealing in a nitrogen–hydrogen atmosphere was shown to lead silicon and manganese to diffuse to the surface and become oxidized, the amount of external selective oxidation decreasing with increasing atmosphere vapour content. After annealing in pure and dry nitrogen, the thin native iron oxide films are reduced to metallic iron, while free surface silicon or manganese oxides are definitely less abundant than after annealing in N2–H2 gas mixtures. Although iron oxide is thermodynamically stable in water‐vapour‐containing nitrogen atmospheres, our results suggest that, provided the dew point is low enough, the oxygen present in the thin native iron oxide film is transferred to more stable oxide forms (silicon or manganese oxides). The transition from iron oxide reduction to iron oxidation takes place at some critical water vapour content threshold that is dependent on the steel composition. The phenomena observed in this study are explained in terms of the balance between the oxygen inward flow and the solute alloying element outward flow. In this context, several possible gas–metal and exchange reactions are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.