bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using social norms to explain giving behavior
Authors: Eckel Catherine C. , Hoover Hanna G. , Krupka Erin L. , Sinha Nishita , Wilson Rick K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTransfers of resources in dictator games vary significantly by the characteristics of recipients. We focus on social norms and demonstrate that variation in the recipient changes both giving and injunctive norms and may offer an explanation for differences in giving. We elicit generosity using dictator games, and social norms using incentivized coordination games, with two different recipient types: an anonymous student and a charitable organization. A within-subjects design ensures that other factors are held constant. Our results show that differences in giving behavior are closely related to differences in social norms of giving across contexts. Controlling for individual differences in beliefs about the norm, subjects do not weight compliance with the norms in the student recipient or charity recipient dictator game differently. These results suggest that the impact of context on giving co-occurs with an impact on social norms.
Comorbidity, Criminality, and Costs of Patients Treated for Gambling Disorder in Denmark
Authors: Vestergaard Søren Viborg , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Dahl Christian Møller , Marcussen Thomas , Christiansen Christian Fynbo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractGambling disorder is associated with increased mental comorbidity, unhealthy lifestyle, criminality, and costs-of-illness, but the available evidence is mainly based on self-reported survey data. We examined the registry-recorded mental and somatic comorbidities, medication use, criminality, and costs-of-illness associated with gambling disorder. We identified individuals diagnosed with or treated for gambling disorder in hospitals or specialized treatment centers during 2013–2017 and matched them by age and sex to general population comparisons. Using individual-level healthcare and socioeconomic registries, we characterized their history of mental and somatic comorbidities, medication use, and criminality. We estimated their cost-of-illness of welfare services (direct) and lowered productivity (indirect) using the human capital approach. We identified 1381 individuals with gambling disorder, primarily young (median age: 34 years) men (87%). Individuals with gambling disorder more frequently than their comparisons had previous hospital-recorded comorbidity [e.g., myocardial infarction (0.8% vs. 0.5%)], medication use [e.g., respiratory system drugs (35.6% vs. 28.6%)], and hospital-recorded or pharmacologically treated mental comorbidity [e.g., depression (39.8% vs. 14.9%)]. Also, sentenced criminality was much more common in individuals with gambling disorder (7.0%) than in comparisons (1.1%). The estimated attributable direct costs were €4.0 M corresponding to €2.9 K per person with gambling disorder, and attributable indirect costs were €17.6 M, corresponding to €13.2 K per person with gambling disorder in 2018. In conclusion, individuals diagnosed with or treated for gambling disorder have a high burden of mental and somatic comorbidities as well as criminality compared with the general population. This needs attention to minimize the societal and personal costs of gambling disorder.
Fourteenth Annual ENBDC Workshop: Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer
Authors: Chalmers Silke Blair , van der Wal Tanne , Fre Silvia , Jonkers Jos 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe fourteenth annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC) on Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer was held on April 26th − 29th in Weggis, Switzerland. For the first time, early career researchers organised and took part in an additional ECR workshop on the 26th of April, which was received with great enthusiasm. The topics of the main workshop included mammary branching and morphogenesis, novel experimental systems (model organisms), systemic influences on tumour progression and the tumour microenvironment. Novel and recent findings were shared across excellent oral and poster presentations.
Rational Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Coaching Intervention for Promoting College Students’ Financial Risk Tolerance and Attitudes Towards Financial Risk
Authors: Ololo Kennedy , Eseadi Chiedu , Nwali Anthony Chukwuma , Onuorah Adaorah R. , Abonor Lazarus Bassey , Kanu Catherine Chiugo , Okwuwa Charles Onuora , Eneogu Njideka , Umaru Musa Emmanuel , Ogbueghu Sylvester N. , Nnachi Robert Azu , Ohia Nkiru Christiana , Okoro Livinus Ugwu , Modum Ikenna Chijioke , Nnamani Chidiebere 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we reported the effect of an online business coaching intervention based on the rational-emotive and cognitive behavior therapy coaching (RE-CBT coaching) approach that was tested to determine if it can improve college students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes towards financial risk. The researchers used an open label, group randomized control design. During the study, fifty-four participants were part of the online business coaching group, whereas fifty-three participants were part of the control group. Prior to and immediately after the coaching program, as well as three months later, quantitative data was collected. Posttest data based on test of between-subjects effects revealed that online business coaching program based on RE-CBT coaching approach was significantly helpful in the improvement of students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk compared to control group. Follow-up data based on test of between-subjects effects further revealed that the significantly helpful effects of online business coaching program based on RE-CBT coaching approach on students’ financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk were sustained when compared to control group. According to the findings, online business coaching based on RE-CBT coaching approach has the potential to enhance the financial risk tolerance and attitudes toward financial risk among college students.
Assessment of antioxidant activity of pure graphene oxide (GO) and composite V2O5/GO using DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging assays
Authors: Sadiq Huma , Sadiq Hanan , Sohail Amir , Basit Abdul , Akhtar Naseem , Batool Kiran , Hisaindee Soleiman , Asghar Lubna 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this research, the Co precipitation method was utilized to synthesize a nanocomposite of vanadium oxide (V2O5) and graphene oxide (GO). Pure GO was synthesized by the modified hammers method. Using a 1:2 ratio of GO and V2O5 and heating in the oven at 70 °C leading to the formation of V2O5/GO nanocomposite. By grafting of GO on V2O5 surface, a high range of graphene oxidation in V2O5/GO allowed for better reduction with V2O5 metal-oxide. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra provide evidence of the distinct phase of graphene oxide formation. The antioxidant activity of V2O5/GO nanocomposite was conducted in two vitro assays, focusing on neutralization of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and H2O2 radicals. The uniqueness of the nanocomposite was evident from its concentration-dependent antioxidant activities. Interestingly, the V2O5/GO samples has showed 60% antioxidant performance in the H2O2 assays compared to its constituent.
Synthesizing Retinal Images using End-To-End VAEs-GAN Pipeline-Based Sharpening and Varying Layer
Authors: Saeed Ali Q , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Norul Huda , Che-Hamzah Jemaima , Abdul Ghani Ahmad Tarmizi , Abu-ain Waleed Abdel karim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study attempts to synthesize a realistic-looking fundus image from a morphologically changed vessel structure using the newly proposed sharpening and varying vessels technique (SVV). This technique sharpens the reconstructed vessels and introduces variation to their structure to generate multiple images from a single input mask. This helps to reduce the reliance on expensive and scarce annotated medical data. The study also aims to overcome the limitations of current methods, such as unrealistic optic disc boundaries, extreme vessel tortuosity, and missed optic discs. This is mainly due to the fact that existing models penalize their weights based on the difference between real and synthetic images using only a single mask. Therefore, their emphasis is on generating the input mask while disregarding other important fundoscopic features. Inspired by the recent progress in Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) and Variational Autoencoder (VAE), the proposed approach was able to preserve the geometrical shape of critical fundus characteristics. Visual and quantitative results indicate that the produced images are considerably distinct from the ones used for training. However, they also exhibit anatomical coherence and a reasonable level of visual. The data utilized in this study and the programming code necessary to recreate the experiment can be accessed at https://github.com/AliSaeed86/SVV_GAN.
A consensus-based alternating direction method of multipliers approach to parallelize large-scale minimum-lap-time problems
Authors: Bartali L. , Grabovic E. , Gabiccini M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractMinimum-lap-time planning (MLTP) problems, which entail finding optimal trajectories for race cars on racetracks, have received significant attention in the recent literature. They are commonly addressed as optimal control problems (OCPs) and are numerically discretized using direct collocation methods. Subsequently, they are solved as nonlinear programs (NLPs). The conventional approach to solving MLTP problems is serial, whereby the resulting NLP is solved all at once. However, for problems characterized by a large number of variables, distributed optimization algorithms, such as the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), may represent a viable option, especially when multicore CPU architectures are available.This study presents a consensus-based ADMM approach tailored to solving MLTP problems through a distributed optimization algorithm. The algorithm partitions the problem into smaller subproblems based on different sectors of a track, distributing them among multiple processors. ADMM is then used to ensure consensus among the distributed computational processes. In particular, here the term “consensus” denotes the requirement for each subproblem to achieve mutual agreement across the junction areas. The paper also outlines specific strategies leveraging domain knowledge to improve the convergence of the distributed algorithm. The ADMM approach is validated against the serial approach, and numerical results are presented for both single-lap and multilap scenarios. In both cases, the ADMM approach proves superior for problem dimensions of 70k+ variables compared to serial methods. In planning scenarios with complex vehicle models on long track horizons, i.e., for problems with 1M+ variables, the efficiency gain of the ADMM approach is substantial, and it becomes the only viable option to maintain computational times within acceptable limits.
Identifying accounting conservatism in the presence of skewness
Authors: Jarva Henry , Lof Matthijs 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric timeliness (AT) coefficient as a measure of accounting conservatism has been subject to much debate. We clarify the conditions under which the AT coefficient identifies accounting conservatism in the presence of skewness. Specifically, using an extensive simulation-based approach, we examine the joint impact of return skewness, earnings skewness, and return endogeneity. We show that skewness of returns and earnings distorts the AT coefficient as a measure of conservatism when returns are endogenous. While earnings skewness is a predicted consequence of conditional conservatism, return skewness is arguably unrelated to conservative reporting and cannot be tackled by simple skew reducing transformations or outlier-robust estimators. Empirically, we analyze AT and skewness of firms sorted on size and MTB, highlighting the importance of constant skewness across groups for accurate comparisons of accounting conservatism.
Understanding Reciprocity and the Importance of Civic Friendship
Authors: Neves Catarina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis article aims to contribute to the existing literature on the virtues and challenges of political liberalism. It argues that the principle of reciprocity can only sustain political agreement under pluralism, if citizens share a relationship of civic friends, based on mutual recognition as equals (Lister in Anal Kritik 2011, pp. 91–112), a non-prudential concern for the interest of others (Leland and van Wietmarschen in J Moral Philos 14, 2017, pp. 142–167) and shared experiences that can foster interpersonal trust. Inasmuch as this thicker definition of civic friendship is sound, and breeds a successful ground for civic reciprocity, it is argued that this renders the concept of civic reciprocity culturally sensitive in at least four ways: how citizens commit to reciprocity, what political values and institutional arrangements they deem reasonable and how they choose to cooperate are all influenced by culture. While this makes the project of multiculturalism more challenging, it does not make it impossible. Rather, it reminds us that while the formal requirement of reciprocity is important, it is a relational value anchored in how citizens relate to one another. Therefore, for multiculturalism to be successful, policies that strengthen ties of civic friendship need to be implemented.
The policy-planning capacity of the American corporate community: corporations, policy-oriented nonprofits, and the inner circle in 1935–1936 and 2010–2011
Authors: Mills Tom , Domhoff G. William 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing a combination of network analysis and descriptive statistics, this study examines the extent to which six important and longstanding policy-oriented nonprofit organizations — foundations, think tanks, and policy-discussion groups — were connected via their directors with the 250 largest corporations in the United States in 1935–1936 and 2010–2011. The results demonstrate that the six nonprofit organizations included in the study were well integrated into corporate networks in both periods, and had an even greater integrative role in 2010–2011 than they did in 1935–1936. This finding supports the hypothesis that policy-oriented nonprofit organizations allow the corporate community to develop proposals, and to reach consensus, on major policy issues. This hypothesis is further supported by an overview of existing studies that illustrate the success of these organizations in shaping policy outcomes on a range of issues. Based on the overall results, the longstanding claim that corporations influence government primarily or solely at the “interest-group” level can be supplemented by the conclusion that policy-oriented nonprofits support a policy-planning process that links the corporate community to government on general issues. In addition, the findings cast doubt on the claim that the corporate community has lost its capacity for policy cohesion in recent decades, due primarily to a “fracturing” caused by a decline in bank centrality. Since general policies have been created within the policy-planning process since at least the mid-1930s, the decline in bank centrality is irrelevant to the corporate community’s ability to formulate general policy proposals.
Reimagining modern politics in the European mountains: confronting the traditional commons with the neo-rural conception of the common good
Authors: Vaccaro Ismael , Beltran Oriol , Del Mármol Camila 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSince at least the 1970s, the countryside of Western Europe has been the site of a myriad of “new” communal initiatives. Rural areas that were abandoned during the last century have witnessed the arrival of new inhabitants. These newcomers often flock to the mountains escaping urban lifestyles characterized by individualism, mass-oriented livelihoods, and isolation. Many of these individuals move to areas like the Catalan Pyrenees, where common property and communal institutions have had a strong historical presence. In embracing rural life, these new inhabitants are looking for a more integrated social life in which the commons are, on the one hand, a form of collective private property, and, on the other, represent a more egalitarian way of life in which contributing to the collective effort is not only an efficient way of dealing with particularly harsh ecological conditions, but also an ideological statement that defines the community as something different: an alternative to urban capitalism. Two definitions of the commons are colliding in these mountains; two longstanding lines of political thought are converging and establishing a dialogue that is not always easy: (1) traditional ideologies of land ownership that defined common property over the centuries, not based on economic equality, but on private property and locally shared responsibility on the economic base of the community; and (2) utopian anti-capitalism that views the commons as an alternative mode of social organization and ownership based on egalitarianism.
Repeated Type III Burst Groups Associated with a B-Class Flare and a Narrow-Width CME
Authors: Pohjolainen Silja , McKay Derek , Talebpour Sheshvan Nasrin , Monstein Christian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe have analysed a solar event from 27 September 2021, which included a small GOES B-class flare, a compact and narrow-width CME, and radio type III bursts that appeared in groups. The long-duration, repeated metric type III burst emission indicates continuous electron acceleration at high altitudes. The flaring active region was surrounded by strong magnetic fields and large-scale loops, which guided the outflow of the CME plasmoid and hence the narrow, bullet-like appearance of the CME. Radio imaging and EUV observations confirmed the direction of particle propagation and the depletion of matter from the solar source region. We observed V-shaped type III burst emission lanes, which also explain the field configuration and suggest a possible location for repeated reconnection that occurred at a constant altitude.
Growth mindset and social comparison effects in a peer virtual learning environment
Authors: Sheffler Pamela , Cheung Cecilia S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPeers become especially influential in adolescence, a developmental period marked by a nadir in school motivation. In the classroom, adolescents often engage in social comparison with their peers to ascertain their own academic competence, which can have substantial effects on their motivation and learning. The present experimental study examined how peer mindset and social comparison processes may interact to affect adolescents’ learning outcomes and responses to social comparison. Participants (N = 120, Mage = 12.73 years, 58% female) created avatars to virtually represent themselves and heard growth mindset or neutral statements from purported peer avatars. They then completed a series of online, self-report surveys measuring their learning outcomes, completed problem-solving tasks, and received feedback on their and their peers’ performance via a virtual leaderboard. Multivariate between-group comparison revealed growth mindset peers increased adolescents’ learning outcomes, while social comparison dampened outcomes. No interactions between peer growth mindset and social comparison were found.
Propulsive fractions of joint work during maximal sprint running
Authors: Simonsen E. B. , Stensvig M. , Andersen T. B. , Andersen M. S. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to determine which of the ankle, knee or hip joint is the most important contributor to horizontal velocity during maximal sprint running. Furthermore, it was undertaken to quantify the fraction of propulsive power and work produced at each of the three joints.

Methods
Seven athletes of national class served as subjects for the study. One running cycle of each subject was recorded by four video cameras (240 f/s) and a recessed force platform. Inverse dynamics in 3D was calculated as well as an angle between joint moment and angular velocity to express propulsive power and propulsive joint work.

Results
Previous studies indicating the hip joint being the most important joint could not be confirmed by the present results due to large inter-individual differences for the hip joint. Averaged across all subjects, 64% of the normalized positive ankle joint work and 71% of the knee joint work were propulsive, while for the hip joint, four athletes showed 0%, one athlete 8%, and two athletes 96% and 97% propulsive work, respectively. For the whole leg, the propulsive fraction was 70% of the total positive work (range 40–87%). Normalized propulsive work was significantly correlated with maximal running velocity.

Conclusion
The whole leg should be considered as one functional unit in which one or more of the joints may dominate generation of propulsive joint work.
The effect of staggered boards on firm value during market shocks
Authors: Stenzaly Tristan Oliver 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of staggered boards on firm value during market shocks, adding to the ongoing debate regarding whether staggered boards are value-enhancing or value-destroying. To examine the relationship between staggered boards, market shocks, and firm value, this study employs several alterations of an ordinary least squares regression, controlling for various firm-level characteristics. The findings suggest no homogeneous association between staggered boards and firm value during market shocks. Instead, the effect depends on specific firm characteristics such as R&D intensity, size, and S&P 1500 membership. I show that especially small non-S&P 1500 firms benefit from a staggered board during market shocks. The results support the theory that the effect of staggered boards is heterogeneous and that firms should therefore be allowed to decide independently whether to stagger their boards.
Buffered and Reduced Multidimensional Distribution Functions and Their Application in Optimization
Authors: Grechuk Bogdan , Zabarankin Michael , Mafusalov Alexander , Uryasev Stan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor a random variable, superdistribution has emerged as a valuable probability concept. Similar to cumulative distribution function (CDF), it uniquely defines the random variable and can be evaluated with a simple one-dimensional minimization formula. This work leverages the structure of that formula to introduce buffered CDF (bCDF) and reduced CDF (rCDF) for random vectors. bCDF and rCDF are shown to be the minimal Schur-convex upper bound and the maximal Schur-concave lower bound of the multivariate CDF, respectively. Special structure of bCDF and rCDF is used to construct an algorithm for solving optimization problems with bCDF and rCDF in objective or constraints. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated in a case study on optimization of a collateralized debt obligation with bCDF functions in constraints.
Review of clinical and diagnostic imaging of the thymus: from age-related changes to thymic tumors and everything in between
Authors: Yamada Daisuke , Matsusako Masaki , Kurihara Yasuyuki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe thymus, a primary lymphoid organ of the immune system, undergoes several changes due to a variety of reasons, ranging from aging to pathological conditions. These changes can make distinguishing between benign and neoplastic changes in the thymus challenging, thereby complicating the histopathological diagnoses of thymic tumors. Moreover, most patients with thymic tumors are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, imaging plays an extremely important role in the evaluation of thymic lesions. In this review, we introduced the imaging characteristics of the thymus, ranging from benign findings, such as normal maturation and benign lesions, to neoplasms.