bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in lethality between cancer cells and human lymphocytes caused by LF‐electromagnetic fields
Authors: Radeva Maria , Berg Hermann 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe lethal response of cultured cancer cells lines K‐562, U‐937, DG‐75, and HL‐60 were measured directly after a 4 h exposure to a pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF, sinusoidal wave form, 35 mT peak, 50 Hz) [Traitcheva et al. (2003): Bioelectromagnetics 24:148–158] and 24 h later, to determine the post‐exposure effect. The results were found to depend on the medium, pH value, conductivity, and temperature. From these experiments, suitable conditions were chosen to compare the vitality between K‐562 cells and normal human lymphocytes after PEMF treatment and photodynamic action. Both agents enhance necrosis synergistically for diseased as well as for healthy cells, but the lymphocytes are more resistant. The efficacy of PEMF on the destruction of cancer cells is further increased by heating (hyperthermia) of the suspension up to 44 °C or by lowering the pH‐value (hyperacidity) to pH 6.4. Similar apoptosis and necrosis can be obtained using moderate magnetic fields (B ≤ 15 mT 50/60 Hz), but this requires longer treatment of at least over a week. PEMF application combined with anticancer drugs and photodynamic therapy will be very effective. Bioelectromagnetics 25:503–507, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Blood melatonin and prolactin concentrations in dairy cows exposed to 60 Hz electric and magnetic fields during 8 h photoperiods
Authors: Rodriguez M. , Petitclerc D. , Burchard J.F. , Nguyen D.H. , Block E. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that electric and magnetic field (EMF) exposure may result in endocrine responses similar to those observed in animals exposed to long days. In the first experiment, 16 lactating, pregnant Holstein cows were assigned to two replicates according to a crossover design with treatment switchback. All animals were confined to wooden metabolic cages and maintained under short day photoperiods (8 h light/16 h dark). Treated animals were exposed to a vertical electric field of 10 kV/m and a horizontal magnetic field of 30 μT (EMF) for 16 h/day for 4 weeks. In a second, similar experiment, 16 nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows subjected to short days were exposed to EMF, using a similar protocol, for periods corresponding to the duration of one estrous cycle. In the first experiment, circulating MLT concentrations during the light period showed a small numerical decrease during EMF exposure (P < .05). Least‐square means for the 8 h light period were 9.9 versus 12.4 pg/ml, SE = 1.3. Melatonin concentrations during the dark period were not affected by the treatment. A similar trend was observed in the second experiment, where MLT concentrations during the light period tended to be lower (8.8 pg/ml vs. 16.3 pg/ml, P < .06) in the EMF exposed group, and no effects were observed during the dark period. Plasma prolactin (PRL) was increased in the EMF exposed group (16.6 vs. 12.7 ng/ml, P < .02) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the overall PRL concentrations found were lower, and the mean plasma PRL concentration was not affected by treatment. These experiments provide evidence that EMF exposure may modify the response of dairy cows to photoperiod. Bioelectromagnetics 25:508–515, 2004. Copyright © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined millimeter wave and cyclophosphamide therapy of an experimental murine melanoma
Authors: Logani Mahendra K. , Bhanushali Ashok , Anga Altaf , Majmundar Amar , Szabo Imre , Ziskin Marvin C. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe objective of the present studies was to investigate whether millimeter wave (MMW) therapy can increase the efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CPA), a commonly used anti‐cancer drug. The effect of combined MMW‐CPA treatment on melanoma growth was compared to CPA treatment alone in a murine model. MMWs were produced with a Russian made YAV‐1 generator. The device produced 42.2 ± 0.2 GHz modulated wave radiation through a 10 × 20 mm rectangular output horn. The animals, SKH‐1 hairless female mice, were irradiated on the nasal area. Peak SAR and incident power density were measured as 730 ± 100 W/kg and 36.5 ± 5 mW/cm2, respectively. The maximum skin surface temperature elevation measured at the end of 30 min irradiation was 1.5 °C. B16F10 melanoma cells (0.2 × 106) were implanted subcutaneously into the left flank of mice on day 1 of the experiment. On days 4–8, CPA was administered intraperitoneally (30 mg/kg/day). MMW irradiation was applied concurrently with, prior to or following CPA administration. A significant reduction (P < .05) in tumor growth was observed with CPA treatment, but MMW irradiation did not provide additional therapeutic benefit as compared to CPA alone. Similar results were obtained when MMW irradiation was applied both prior to and following CPA treatment. Bioelectromagnetics 25:516–523, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the adenylate kinase activity of rod outer segment of bovine retina
Authors: Ravera S. , Repaci E. , Morelli A. , Pepe I.M. , Botter R. , Beruto D. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractExtremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMFs) of 75 Hz with amplitudes above a threshold of about 125 μT have a dramatic effect on the adenylate kinase (AK) activity of the rod outer segment (ROS) membranes. In fact, the ATP production by ROS membranes or by purified disk membranes placed in the field decreased by approximately 54%. The decrease in enzymatic activity was independent of the time of exposure to the field and was completely reversible. When disk membranes were solubilized with Triton or a soluble isoform of AK was used, negligible effects of the field were obtained on the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the membrane has an important role in determining the conditions for the enzyme inactivation. Bioelectromagnetics 25:545–551, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of residential magnetic fields with contact voltage
Authors: Kavet Robert , Zaffanella Luciano E. , Pearson Robert L. , Dallapiazza John 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe US National Electrical Code's (NEC) requirement to ground a home's electrical service to the residential water line results in a voltage between the water line and earth, VW–E. The voltage may result from ground return current that flows into the earth via the water line or from inductive effects from other sources of magnetic fields, such as transmission lines. This voltage can, in turn, serve as a source for Vbath, the voltage between the water fixtures and conductive drain pipes sunk into the earth beneath a residence. Vbath can be a source of contact current exposure to a child touching a water fixture while bathing. Previous research has suggested that exposure to these currents could be the basis for the association between power‐frequency magnetic fields and childhood leukemia. In this study, we assessed the association between measured Vbath and VW–E with the average spot‐measured magnetic field, Bavg, in a sample of 191 single‐family residences in the Denver metropolitan area. This area was the source of cases and controls for previous studies of electric and magnetic field (EMF) and childhood cancer. The association of both Vbath and VW–E with Bavg had upward trends across magnetic field strata (<0.1 μT (reference); 0.1–<0.3 μT; and ≥0.3 μT). In addition, VW–E was associated with Vbath. Without further study, these results cannot be applied to multi‐dwelling residences or to electrical systems prevalent in other nations. Nonetheless, when combined with the finding that contact current is a far more plausible candidate than the residential magnetic field for mediating biological effects on the basis of comparative dose to bone marrow, these associations indicate that contact current exposure deserves further study. Bioelectromagnetics 25:530–536, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplification of evoked potentials recorded from mouse hippocampal slices by very low repetition rate pulsed magnetic fields
Authors: Wieraszko Andrzej 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe influence of low repetition rate pulsed magnetic fields (LRMF) on the evoked potential (population spike) recorded from mouse hippocampal slices was investigated. LRMF were applied according to two protocols. In protocol A, LRMF applied with a constant strength (15 mT) and frequency ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 Hz resulted in an amplification of the potential. Although the frequency of 0.16 Hz was the most effective, enhancing the population spike by over 280%, it also caused an increase in spontaneous activity, seizures, and cessation of neuronal activity in 50% of the slices. In protocol B, LRMF were applied with a variable intensity (9–15 mT) and in cycles of different duration ranging from 5 to 20 min. While an increase in the amplitude of the population spike was observed in all slices exposed to LRMF applied according to protocol B, the longest exposure was the most effective. Neither seizures nor an increase in the spontaneous activity were observed in this group of the slices. These results support and extend our previous data and characterize further the relation between the pattern of applied magnetic fields and their influence on the nervous system. Bioelectromagnetics 25:537–544, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of in vitro exposure to power frequency magnetic fields on UV‐induced DNA damage of rat lymphocytes
Authors: Zmyślony Marek , Palus Jadwiga , Dziubałtowska Elz̄bieta , Politański Piotr , Mamrot Pawel , Rajkowska Elz̄bieta , Kameduła Maria 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe mechanisms of biological effects of 50/60 Hz (power frequency) magnetic fields (MF) are still poorly understood. There are a number of studies indicating that MF affect biochemical processes in which free radicals are involved, such as the biological objects' response to ultraviolet radiation (UVA). Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the effect of 50 Hz MFs on the oxidative deterioration of DNA in rat lymphocytes irradiated in vitro by UVA. UVA radiation (150 J/m2) was applied for 5 min for all groups and 50 Hz MF (40 μT rms) exposure was applied for some of the groups for 5 or 60 min. The level of DNA damage was assessed using the alkaline comet assay, the fluorescence microscope, and image analysis. It has been found that the 1 h exposure to MF caused an evident increase in all parameters consistent with damaged DNA. This suggest that MF affects the radical pairs generated during the oxidative or enzymatic processes of DNA repair. Bioelectromagnetics 25:560–562, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole body donation for medical science: A population‐based study
Authors: Boulware L. Ebony , Ratner Lloyd E. , Cooper Lisa A. , LaVeist Thomas A. , Powe Neil R. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAlthough cadaveric whole‐body donation for the purposes of medical science is extremely important for medical education, the number of persons who choose to donate remains low. We assessed persons' willingness to consider whole body donation in a standardized telephone survey of Maryland households, identified using random digit dialing. In multivariable analyses, we assessed the independent relation of sociodemographics and attitudinal factors to willingness to consider donation, and we determined the amount of variation in willingness to consider donation among the study population that could be explained by these factors. Of 385 participants (84% of randomized homes), 49% reported they would consider whole body donation. In bivariate analysis, younger age, African‐American race/ethnicity, less education and income, greater number of dependents, marital status, and attitudes about religion/spirituality, trust in hospitals, and income, gender, and racial/ethnic discrimination in hospitals were statistically significantly associated with 40–70% less odds of willingness to consider donation. After adjustment, persons of African‐American race/ethnicity, less education, and those agreeing with the statements, “Rich patients receive better care at hospitals than poor patients,” and “White patients receive better care at hospitals than other racial or ethnic groups,” had 40–60% less odds of willingness to consider donation when compared to their counterparts. Respondents' race/ethnicity and education contributed most to willingness to consider donation. We conclude that demographic and attitudinal factors are strongly related to willingness to consider whole body donation. Efforts to enhance donation should seek to identify ways in which potential barriers to donation can be addressed by health professionals. Clin. Anat. 17:570–577, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lumbar puncture: Anatomical review of a clinical skill
Authors: Boon J.M. , Abrahams P.H. , Meiring J.H. , Welch T. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe safe and successful performance of a lumbar puncture demands a working and specific knowledge of anatomy. Misunderstanding of anatomy may result in failure or complications. This review attempts to aid understanding of the anatomical framework, pitfalls, and complications of lumbar puncture. It includes special reference to 3D relationships, functional and imaging anatomy, and normal variation. Lumbar puncture is carried out for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Epidural and spinal anesthesia, for example, are common in obstetric practice and involve the same technique as diagnostic lumbar puncture except that the needle tip is placed in the epidural space in the former. The procedure is by no means innocuous and anatomical pitfalls include inability to find the correct entry site and lack of awareness of structures in relation to the advancing needle. Headache is the most common complication and it is important to avoid traumatic and dry taps, herniation syndromes, and injury to the conus medullaris. With a thorough knowledge of the contraindications, regional anatomy and rationale of the technique, and adequate prior skills practice, a lumbar puncture can be carried out safely and successfully. Clin. Anat. 17:544–553, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Citation and quotation accuracy in three anatomy journals
Authors: Lukić Ivan Kres̆imir , Lukić Anita , Glunc̆ić Vicko , Katavić Vedran , Vuc̆enik Vladimira , Marus̆ić Ana 
Published: September 2004

AbstractCitation and quotation errors are common in medical journals. We assessed the prevalence of those errors in gross anatomy journals, where articles often cite old anatomical studies. The study included 199 randomly selected references from articles published in the first 2001 issue of three major gross anatomy journals: Annals of Anatomy, Clinical Anatomy, and Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. The selected references were checked for accuracy against the original articles. Citation errors were classified as major, intermediate, and minor. Quotation errors were classified as major and minor. Citations errors were found in 27% (54/199) of the references and 38% of them were major errors. Errors occurred in 19% (52/272) of quotations and nearly all (94%) were major. Furthermore, 24% of the quotations were indirect references to a secondary, instead of original, source. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of citation or quotation errors between the references published before or after the introduction of MEDLINE (χ2 test, P > 0.05) in 1963, and the prevalence of these errors in gross anatomy journals was similar to that found in other medical fields. A high proportion of major citation errors, a very high proportion of major quotation errors, and the substantial number of indirect quotations call for serious editorial action in anatomy journals. Clin. Anat. 17:534–539, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical considerations of the radius
Authors: van Riet R.P. , Van Glabbeek F. , Neale P.G. , Bimmel R. , Bortier H. , Morrey B.F. , O'Driscoll S.W. , An K.N. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMost radial head prostheses do not seem to be based on anatomic data. This may be due partly to the great variation of radial morphology. More importantly, few articles report on the dimensions of the radius. Authors have mainly studied dimensions of the radial head, with less emphasis to the relationship with the rest of the radius. Dimensions of, and relationship between, the proximal and the rest of the radius were measured on 27 fresh‐frozen cadaveric upper extremities. Radial head, articulating surface, diaphysis, and distal radius were measured. Angles between the radial neck and diaphysis were defined and calculated. Axes of the distal and proximal radius were defined and radial torsion was calculated. Repeated measures were done by two observers in ten specimens. Inter‐ and intra‐class correlation coefficients were very acceptable. Radial dimensions were found to be highly variable. Calculation of radial torsion showed the largest range. The average torsion was 54° (range = 23–78°). Radial length was 235 mm (range = 207–269 mm). Radial neck length was 13 mm (range = 9–19 mm). We found an average proximal diaphysis‐neck angle of 17° (range = 6–28°). End to end‐neck angle was 13° (range = 4–22°). Our findings indicate that even with a perfectly anatomical prosthesis, restoration of the anatomical situation can only be achieved when the implant is placed in the correct position. Instrumentation should be developed to allow accurate and reproducible implantation. The measurements we provide may aid this development. Clin. Anat. 17:564–569, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surface marking of the deep inguinal ring
Authors: Koliyadan Sreedharan V. , Narayan Govindraj , Balasekran Premini 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThe surface marking of the deep inguinal ring (DIR) is commonly described as being located at either the middle of the inguinal ligament (MIL) or at the mid‐inguinal point (MIP); there seems to be no consensus in previous studies in patients with inguinal hernias. The present study was carried out to determine a more accurate location of the DIR in individuals without inguinal hernias. Fifty‐two cadavers without inguinal hernias were dissected and the positions of the DIR, MIL, MIP and femoral artery (FA) were determined. The mean distance from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the DIR was 62 mm, where as the mean distance from the ASIS to the MIL, MIP, and FA were 55, 66, and 65 mm, respectively. The study showed that in individuals without inguinal hernias the DIR did not correspond to the MIL or MIP, but rather to an area between these two landmarks. The surface marking of the DIR may be best described as at the mid‐inguinal region. Clin. Anat. 17:554–557, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unusual origin of the omohyoid muscle
Authors: Tubbs R. Shane , Salter E. George , Oakes W. Jerry 
Published: September 2004

AbstractAn unusual origin of the right omohyoid muscle was found during cadaveric dissection. The muscle originated from the transverse process of C6 and inserted into the scapula. No other muscular anomalies of the neck were found. Although many anomalies of the omohyoid muscle have been described, a proximal attachment to the cervical spine is apparently quite rare. Knowledge of the many anomalies that can potentially occur in the cervical region is necessary in routine surgical intervention of this area. We believe this to be the first reported instance of the superior belly of the “omo” hyoid originating from the cervical region as we have described. Clin. Anat. 17:578–582, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Influence of Constitutional Isomerism and Change on Molecular Recognition Processes
Authors: Williams Avril R. , Northrop Brian H. , Houk Kendall N. , Stoddart J. Fraser , Williams David J. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractThree constitutionally isomeric bis(naphthylmethyl)ammonium ions, in which the two naphthyl groups are substituted 1) both at their 1‐positions, 2) one at its 1‐position and the other at its 2‐position, and 3) both at their 2‐positions, have been investigated separately in solution for their propensities to undergo spontaneous self‐assembly with three different [24]crown‐8 derivatives, namely, pyrido[24]crown‐8 (P24C8), dipyrido[24]crown‐8 (DP24C8) and dibenzo[24]crown‐8 (DB24C8), in turn to form [2]pseudorotaxanes. The strengths of the 1:1 complexes depend on the composition of the secondary dialkylammonium ions and on the nature of the crown ether hosts; generally, as far as the guest cation is concerned, the 1/1‐ and 2/2‐isomers form stronger complexes, as indicated by stability constant measurements, than the 1/2‐isomer and, as far as the crown ethers are concerned, the more flexible P24C8 is a much more efficient host than either DP24C8 or DB24C8. The rates of formation of the [2]pseudorotaxanes are fast (i.e., taking no more than a few minutes) in solution with the exception of one case, that is, in which the crown ether host is DB24C8 and the guest cation is the 1/1‐isomer, when it can take upwards of one month for the complexation–decomplexation equilibrium to be established at room temperature. In all cases, the equilibrium between complexed and uncomplexed species is slow on the NMR timescale, allowing the determination of stability constants to be made readily using the single‐point method. X‐ray crystallography and molecular modeling have been used to gain insight into ground and transition state interactions, respectively, in some of the [2]pseudorotaxanes. The relative stabilities of the three [2]pseudorotaxanes formed by each guest cation in the presence of the three crown ether hosts were also evaluated in solution by competition experiments that were monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. By and large the results of the competition experiments could be predicted on the basis of the derived stability constants for the individual [2]pseudorotaxanes.
Morphometric index of the developing murine kidney
Authors: Cebrián Cristina , Borodo Karolina , Charles Nikki , Herzlinger Doris A. 
Published: September 2004

AbstractMammalian kidney morphogenesis begins when the ureteric bud (UB) induces surrounding metanephric mesenchyme to differentiate into nephrons, the functional units of the mature organ. Although several genes required for this process have been identified, the mechanisms that control final nephron number and the localization of distinct tubular segments to cortical and medullary zones of the kidney remain poorly understood. This finding is due, in part, to the lack of quantitative studies describing the acquisition of mature renal structure. We have analyzed the following parameters of the developing murine kidney throughout embryogenesis: nephron and UB tip number, distance between UB branch points and total kidney, and cortical and medullary volume. Results of this morphometric analysis reveal previously unrecognized changes in the pattern of UB growth and rate of nephrogenesis. In addition, this morphometric index provides a much‐needed reference for accurately describing renal paterning defects exhibited by genetically altered mice. Developmental Dynamics 231:601–608, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.