bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über die elektrolytische Reduktion der Chromsäure
Authors: Gerischer Heinz , Kävpel Mario 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wurden quasi‐stationäre Stromspannungskurven und Einschaltvorgänge an Gold‐ und Graphitelektroden in Chromsäure potentiostatisch aufgenommen und die Wirkung eines Zusatzes von Sulfat‐ oder Chloridionen untersucht. Bei der Reduktion der Chromsäure entstehen oxydische Deckschichten, deren Struktur und Zusammensetzung von Elektrodenpotential und ‐material abhängen, wie mit verschiedenen Methoden gezeigt werden konnte. Für die weitere Reduktion der Chromsäure in Gegenwart von Fremdanionen sind diese Deckschichten notwendige Zwischenprodukte. Sie haben eine gute, elektronische Leitfähigkeit. Poren spielen bei der Reduktion keine Rolle.
Über den Mechanismus des N2O‐ und O3‐Zerfalls an Oxyd‐Katalysatoren
Authors: Hauffe Karl , Schlosser E.‐G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIm Hinblick auf den von uns aufgestellten Elektronenmechanismus der heterogenen Katalyse an halbleitenden Kontakten wird unter Hinzuziehung des Bodensteinschen Stationaritätsprinzips und der Fermi‐Statistik in bezug auf die elektronische Besetzung der Gasmoleküle der N2O‐Zerfall an p‐ und n‐Typ‐Katalysatoren untersucht.Es gelingt, den in früheren Untersuchungen gefundenen Zusammenhang zwischen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Dotierung der Katalysatoren quantitativ zu deuten. Insbesondere wird das Maximum des Umsatzes und die Selektivität der Katalyse als Funktion der Dotierung der Katalysatoren verständlich. Weiterhin wird erkannt, daß die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeit an p‐Typ‐Katalysatoren im Gegensatz zu n‐Typ‐Katalysatoren mit steigendem Fermi‐Potential „festgebremst”︁ werden kann, was durch das Zusammenspiel des Fermi‐Potentials mit der Diffusionsspannung an der Katalysatoroberfläche verursacht wird. Ferner wurde erkannt, daß an n‐Typ‐Katalysatoren mit p‐Typ‐Inversionsrandschichten grundsätzlich zu rechnen ist. Im Anschluß hieran wird auf den Ozonzerfall hingewiesen, wo völlig gleiche Gesetzmäßigkeiten erwartet werden, sofern der Homogenzerfall sich nicht allzu störend bemerkbar macht.
Photochemische Reaktionen des Hämins
Authors: Rackow Bogislav , Hildisch Lothar , Junghähnel Gerhard 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn dem System Wasser, Pyridin und Oxalsäure sind Photoreduktionen des Hämins zum Hämochromogen möglich. Ebenso können auch Photooxydationen auftreten. Diese wurden spektral und elektrometrisch beobachtet. In beiden Fällen wurden Dunkelrückreaktionen beobachtet. Dieses wird in Beziehung zu pflanzenphysiologischen Vorgängen gebracht, die mit dem Phototropismus in Verbindung stehen.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Ammoniakkatalysator
Authors: Schäfer K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEs wird über elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Ammoniakkatalysator berichtet, die das Ziel haben, seine Porenstruktur und die Verteilung der als Promotor beigegebenen Tonerde direkt sichtbar zu machen. Dadurch können die nach der BET‐Methode gewonnenen Aussagen über die Porenverhältnisse und die Aussagen über den Zustand der Tonerde, wie sie aus Röntgen‐ und Chemisorptionsuntersuchungen gewonnen werden, in morphologischer Hinsicht wertvoll ergänzt werden. Hinsichtlich der Untersuchung der Verteilung der Tonerde knüpfen wir an Untersuchungen von Brill1) an, der einen mit 10% Al2O3 dotierten Ammoniakkatalysator in Essigsäure aufgelöst hat und dabei einen unlöslichen Rückstand isolieren konnte, den er als γ‐Al2O3 von sehr kleiner Teilchengröß röntgenographisch identifizierte. Ein Ziel der Arbeit ist, diesen Rückstand elektronenmikroskopisch zu untersuchen.
Effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress on the cellular redox state and mitochondrial energy homeostasis in rat adipose tissue: A comprehensive metabolic study
Authors: Abulmeaty Mahmoud M. A. , Ghneim Hazem K. , Almajwal Ali Madi , Razak Suhail , AlSahli Abdulaziz S. , Andrade Laborde Juan E. , Ibrahim Ebtesam M. , Aboul‐Soud Mourad A. M. , Al‐Sheikh Yazeed A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUnpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) leads to variable metabolic effects. Oxidative stress (OS) of adipose tissue (AT) and mitochondrial energy homeostasis is little investigated. This work studied the effects of UCMS on OS and the antioxidant/redox status in AT and mitochondrial energy homeostasis in rats. Twenty‐four male Wistar rats (180–220 g) were divided into two equal groups; the normal control (NC) group and the UCMS group which were exposed to various stresses for 28 days. An indirect calorimetry machine was used to measure volumes of respiratory gases (VO2& VCO2), total energy expenditure (TEE), and food intake (FI). The AT depots were collected, weighed, and used for measuring activities and gene expression of key antioxidant enzymes (GPx1, SOD, CAT, GR, GCL, and GS), OS marker levels including superoxide anion (SA), peroxynitrite radical (PON), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxides (LPO), t‐protein carbonyl content (PCC), and reduced/oxidized glutathione levels (GSH, GSSG). Additionally, AT mitochondrial fractions were used to determine the activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle enzymes (CS, α‐KGDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH), respiratory chain complexes I–III, II–III, IV, the nicotinamide coenzymes NAD+, NADH, and ATP/ADP levels. Compared with the NC group, the UCMS group showed very significantly increased OS marker levels, lowered antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression, as well as lowered TCA cycle and respiratory chain activity and NAD+, NADH, and ATP levels (p < .001 for all comparisons). Besides, the UCMS group had lowered TEE and insignificant FI and weight gain. In conclusion, AT of the UCMS‐subjected rats showed a state of disturbed redox balance linked to disrupted energy homeostasis producing augmentation of AT.
High‐Content Image‐Based Screening and Deep Learning for the Detection of Anti‐Inflammatory Drug Leads
Authors: Lau Tannia A. , Mair Elmar , Rabbitts Beverley M. , Lohith Akshar , Lokey R. Scott 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe developed a high‐content image‐based screen that utilizes the pro‐inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and murine macrophages (RAW264.7) with the goal of enabling the identification of novel anti‐inflammatory lead compounds. We screened 2,259 bioactive compounds with annotated mechanisms of action (MOA) to identify compounds that block the LPS‐induced phenotype in macrophages. We utilized a set of seven fluorescence microscopy probes to generate images that were used to train and optimize a deep neural network classifier to distinguish between unstimulated and LPS‐stimulated macrophages. The top hits from the deep learning classifier were validated using a linear classifier trained on individual cells and subsequently investigated in a multiplexed cytokine secretion assay. All 12 hits significantly modulated the expression of at least one cytokine upon LPS stimulation. Seven of these were allosteric inhibitors of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) and showed similar effects on cytokine expression. This deep learning morphological assay identified compounds that modulate the innate immune response to LPS and may aid in identifying new anti‐inflammatory drug leads.
Elucidation of zein isoforms associated with high protein quality traits for targeted improvement in maize‐based nutrition
Authors: Sethi Mehak , Singh Alla , Garg Monika , Chunduri Venkatesh , Kumar Parminder , Devi Veena , Hossain Firoz , Phagna Ramesh K. , Gupta Mamta , Chaudhary Dharam P. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesZein proteins of maize endosperm are nutritionally poor, but important for vitreous kernel texture. The Opaque‐2 mutation enhances the protein quality but downregulates zein expression, distorting the kernel texture. Quality protein maize (QPM) is nutritionally improved, hard endosperm maize developed by introgression of endosperm modifiers under an opaque‐2 background. The present study aims to analyze the variability in zein expression patterns in normal, opaque‐2, and QPM lines through sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis analyses.FindingsResults revealed that the total number of zein isoforms is almost similar in opaque‐2, normal, and QPM lines. Overall, in this study, it is concluded that the opaque‐2 mutation specifically affects the expression of high‐molecular‐weight zeins, which are being counterbalanced by the expression of low‐molecular‐weight zein isoforms and nonzein proteins.ConclusionGenomic data retrieval studies revealed the possible presence of multiple 27 kDa isoforms with varied isoelectric points (pI), which is a subject for further investigation. The differential expression of 15 kDa zein in QPM emerged as a novel player in endosperm modification.Significance and NoveltyThe present study provides insight into the diversified expression of zeins in different maize types. The variable isoform expression has the potential to generate stable QPM lines by targeting effective isoforms, ensuring endosperm modification without hampering the nutritional quality.
Catalyst‐Free Transfer Hydrogenation from Amine‐Borane Small Oligomers
Authors: Le Moigne Louis , Posenato Tommaso , Gajan David , Lesage de la Haye Jennifer , Raynaud Jean , Lacôte Emmanuel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAmine‐borane dimers and oligomers with varied steric and electronic profiles were prepared via capping agent‐controlled AA/BB polycondensations. They were used for transfer hydrogenations to aldehydes, ketones, imines as well as electron‐poor alkene/alkyne moieties. The amine‐borane Lewis‐paired oligomers and the congested bis(amine‐borane)s provided the highest yields. This was likely helped by facilitated dissociation (oligomers) or H‐bond assistance. In the case of the oligomers, the second equivalent of H2 present was also engaged in the reaction. Solid‐state NMR characterization provides evidence that the boron‐containing materials obtained after transfer dehydrogenation are highly similar to those obtained from thermal dehydrogenation. The oligomers bridge the gap between simple amine‐borane molecular reductants and the poly‐amine‐boranes and provide a full picture of the reactivity changes at the different scales.
Temperature‐Modulated Reversible Clustering of Gold Nanorods Driven by Small Surface Ligands
Authors: Kruse Joscha , Rao Anish , Sánchez‐Iglesias Ana , Montaño‐Priede José Luis , Iturrospe Ibarra Amaia , Lopez Eneko , Seifert Andreas , Arbe Arantxa , Grzelczak Marek 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTemperature‐modulated colloidal phase of plasmonic nanoparticles is a convenient playground for resettable soft‐actuators or colorimetric sensors. To render reversible clustering under temperature change, bulky ligands are required, especially if anisotropic morphologies are of interest. This study showcases thermoresponsive gold nanorods by employing small surface ligands, bis (p‐sulfonatophenyl) phenyl‐phosphine dihydrate dipotassium salt (BSPP) and native cationic surfactant. Temperature‐dependent analysis in real‐time allowed to describe the structural features (interparticle distance and cluster size) as well as thermal parameters, melting and freezing temperatures. These findings suggest that neither covalent Au−S bonds nor bulky ligands are required to obtain a robust thermoresponsive system based on anisotropic gold nanoparticles, paving the way to stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles with a wide range of sizes and geometries.
Therapeutic tactics for targeting B lymphocytes in autoimmunity and cancer
Authors: Wemlinger Scott M. , Cambier John C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractB lymphocytes have become a very popular therapeutic target in a number of autoimmune indications due to their newly appreciated roles, and approachability, in these diseases. Many of the therapies now applied in autoimmunity were initially developed to deplete malignant B cells. These strategies have also been found to benefit patients suffering from such autoimmune diseases as multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, to name a few. These observations have supported the expansion of research addressing the mechanistic contributions of B cells in these diseases, as well as blossoming of therapeutics that target them. This review seeks to summarize cutting‐edge modalities for targeting B cells, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody‐drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor‐T cells, and small molecule inhibitors. Efforts to refine B‐cell targeted therapy to eliminate only pathogenic autoreactive cells will be addressed as well as the potential for future B‐cell‐based cellular therapeutics. Finally, we also address approaches that seek to silence B‐cell function without depletion.
Influence of sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and stress on quality of life in people with epilepsy
Authors: Athira Sindhu Bhuvanachandran , Pal Pravati , Nair Pradeep P. , Nanda Nivedita , Aghoram Rajeswari 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe assessed the quality of life, sleep, depression, anxiety, and stress in people with pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE) and newly diagnosed epilepsy (NDE). We also assessed the influence of sleep, depression, anxiety, and stress on the quality of life (QOL) and the complex association between these factors.MethodsWe recruited 80 PRE and 70 NDE people attending the epilepsy clinic. We assessed QOL, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and mood using the quality of life in epilepsy‐31 inventory (QOLIE‐31), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and depression anxiety stress scale (DASS‐21). We compared the results between the two groups of epilepsy populations. We performed univariate and multivariate linear regression to determine the factors affecting the QOLIE‐31 total score. We applied Spearman's rank correlation to find the interrelationship between variables influencing QOL.ResultsWe found significantly lower QOLIE‐31 total scores (p = .001) in PRE compared to NDE. The PSQI and ESS did not differ significantly between the PRE and NDE groups. Anxiety (p = .002) and stress (p = .003) scores were significantly higher in PRE than in NDE. QOLIE‐31 total scores showed a negative correlation with PSQI as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress scores in both groups. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed depression as a major factor influencing the QOLIE‐31 total score in PRE (p = .001) and NDE (p = .003). We found significant complex associations between PSQI, depression, anxiety, stress, and QOLIE total scores in both groups.SignificanceThe QOL is poorer for people with PRE than for those with NDE. Depression is a major determinant of QOL in PWE. These factors need to be considered to improve the QOL in epilepsy.
Materno‐fetal outcome with PlGF above or below cutoff during second half of pregnancy in high‐risk women
Authors: Balyan Kirti , Humtso Benchumi Y. , Meena Bhawana , Sapna Surbhi , Rana Anjali , Kumar Manisha 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the materno‐fetal outcome of high‐risk women using placental growth factor (PlGF).MethodsThis prospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary care hospital from September 2019 to April 2022. Women having clinically major or minor high risk factors of pre‐eclampsia were included after consent. The placental growth factor (PlGF) was evaluated among high‐risk women at 20–22, 28–30, and 34–36 weeks of gestation. They were followed throughout pregnancy until delivery. Materno‐fetal outcome was evaluated based on PlGF levels at three different time points. The gestational age specific cutoff was derived. Those with levels below cutoff were taken as cases and those with values above cutoff were considered as controls. The odds of having complications if the PlGF was below cutoff were determined.ResultsOut of 287 high‐risk women, 46 (16%) had pre‐eclampsia (PE). The derived cutoff of PlGF was 224, 211, and 176 pg/mL at 20–22, 28–30, and 34–36 weeks, respectively. With PlGF below the cutoff at 20–22 weeks the odds of having HELLP syndrome was 15.8, with low PlGF at 28–30 weeks the odds for developing early onset PE was 11.3. Low PlGF was also significantly associated with preterm delivery (P < 0.001) and early onset FGR (P < 0.001). The sensitivity (91.7%) and specificity (78.5%) of PlGF for PE prediction was highest at 28–30 weeks.ConclusionLow PlGF at 28–30 weeks was associated with high likelihood of developing early onset PE, and the PlGF cutoff should be gestational age specific.
No effect of stocking density on the survival or size of late-stage Delta Smelt larvae reared in a small-scale culture system
Authors: Tsai Yi-Jiun Jean , Ellison Luke , Stevenson Troy , Carson Evan W. , Hung Tien-Chieh 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
A small-scale culture system effective in producing larvae of endangered Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus was recently developed to facilitate conservation and research efforts.

Methods
To optimize its use, we examined the effect of stocking density (300, 500, 700, and 900 fish per 92 L of water) on the length, weight, and survival of late-stage larvae (41 days posthatch) reared for 40 days in the small-scale system.

Result
Stocking density had no effect on larval survival or size. Also, the survival, length, and weight of these fish did not differ from those reared using standard, large-scale culture practices (2500 fish per 320 L of water).

Conclusion
Our findings validate the methods used for small-scale Delta Smelt rearing, help optimize these protocols, and thereby enhance Delta Smelt rearing capabilities needed for research and conservation.
Teaching phonics and reading effectively: ‘A balancing act’ for teachers, policy makers and researchers
Authors: Wyse Dominic , Bradbury Alice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe debates about what are the most effective ways to teach young children to learn to read have been described as ‘the reading wars’. In 2022 the research published in a paper by Wyse and Bradbury (2022) stimulated widespread attention including in the media. Wyse and Bradbury concluded on the basis of four major research analyses that althoughsystematicphonics teaching was important the approach in England tosyntheticphonics was too narrow and therefore in need of improvement. In 2023 the paper was the subject of a critique by Greg Brooks (2023). This paper responds to Brooks' critique by providing new information about the nature of the responses to the paper to contextualise Brooks' response. It is concluded that Brooks' response includes too many errors, and is too selective, to be regarded as a robust and reasonable critique. It is argued that the nature of Brooks' approach to criticism only serves to entrench the reading wars, and raises ethical considerations about the nature of the attack on Wyse and Bradbury (2022).Context and implicationsRationale for this studyThis paper responds to Greg Brooks' (2023) criticisms of Wyse and Bradbury (2022).Why the new findings matterIt is important that the erroneous views expressed in Brooks (2023) are corrected because the debates about reading have important consequences for young children's education.Implications for practitioners, policy makers, researchersUnderstanding the most effective ways to teach reading is important for children's education worldwide. Research is a source of vital knowledge about what are the most effective ways to teach reading. Interpreting research findings accurately and in a balanced way in order to make recommendations about curriculum policies and classroom practice is vital to ensure that any such recommendations are well justified. Imbalanced and erroneous accounts risk non‐optimal teaching and educational policies, and hence negative consequences for children's learning.
Effective stabilization of electrochemically prepared ecological oxidizing agent—ferrate(VI)—by encapsulation in zeolite and its application to water containing SARS‐CoV‐2 virus
Authors: Mališová Emília , Guštafík Adam , Tamáš Michal , Strečanský Tomáš , Imreová Zuzana , Konečná Barbora , Červenková Andrea , Peciar Peter , Mackuľak Tomáš , Híveš Ján 
Published: October 2023

AbstractImproper and insufficient treatment of infectious hospital wastewater could seriously endanger public health and the environment. Ferrate(VI), a strong oxidizing, disinfecting, and coagulating agent, has the potential as a green solution for decontamination of water and wastewater. In this paper, electrochemically prepared potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) with high purity was successfully encapsulated and applied to the water contaminated by SARS‐CoV‐2. Natural zeolite was chosen as an appropriate ecological material for ferrate encapsulation. The stability of encapsulated ferrate (in tablet form) was monitored for an extended time period (290 days) and has significantly increased in contrast with free potassium ferrate by almost 30%. Subsequently, the K2FeO4 encapsulated with zeolite in tablet form was applied to the water and municipal water samples containing the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus. The removal efficiency reached up to 98.5% and 86.7%, respectively, under natural conditions. Combination of environmentally friendly oxidizing agent and natural excellent adsorbent leads to the creation of very effective water treatment matter. These findings are essentially immediate and especially important for immediate water treatment in urgent situations such as natural disasters or military conflict.Practitioner Points

Electrochemical preparation of oxidizing agent, K2FeO4, in high purity by own constructed electrolyzer.
Encapsulation of ferrate(VI) to natural zeolite threefold improving the stability during 9 months.
SARS‐CoV‐2 virus was successfully removed from various contaminated types of water.
High degradation efficiency of virus fragments by Fe(VI) was achieved without additional water adjustment, in natural pH range.
Dimension-8 SMEFT analysis of minimal scalar field extensions of the Standard Model
Authors: Ellis John , Mimasu Ken , Zampedri Francesca 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We analyze the constraints obtainable from present data using the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) on extensions of the Standard Model with additional electroweak singlet or triplet scalar fields. We compare results obtained using only contributions that are linear in dimension-6 operator coefficients with those obtained including terms quadratic in these coefficients as well as contributions that are linear in dimension-8 operator coefficients. We also implement theoretical constraints arising from the stability of the electroweak vacuum and perturbative unitarity. Analyzing the models at the dimension-8 level constrains scalar couplings that are not bounded at the dimension-6 level. The strongest experimental constraints on the singlet model are provided by Higgs coupling measurements, whereas electroweak precision observables provide the strongest constraints on the triplet model. In the singlet model the present di-Higgs constraints already play a significant role. We find that the current constraints on model parameters are already competitive with those anticipated from future di- and tri-Higgs measurements. We compare our results with calculations in the full model, exhibiting the improvements when higher-order SMEFT terms are included. We also identify regions in parameter space where the SMEFT approximation appears to break down. We find that the combination of current constraints with the theoretical bounds still admits regions where the SMEFT approach is not valid, particularly for lower scalar boson masses.