bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ethylene Oxide and Gas‐Plasma Sterilization on Failure Strength and Failure Mode of Pre‐Tied Monofilament Ligature Loops
Authors: Trostle Steven S. , Hendrickson Dean A. , Franke Chad 
Published: August 2002

Objective—To evaluate the effects of ethylene oxide and gas‐plasma sterilization on the failure strength and failure mode of pre‐tied monofilament ligature loops.Study design—A randomized block design was used by blocking for suture (size 1 polyglyconate, size 2 polydioxanone) and sterilization technique (control, ethylene oxide, gas plasma).Sample population—Twenty replicates of each suture‐sterilization technique combination.Methods—Ligature loops were pre‐tied using a 4S‐modified Roeder knot then exposed to 1 of 3 treatments (control, ethylene oxide, or gas‐plasma sterilization). Ligature loops were mounted onto a mechanical testing machine to evaluate the effects of sterilization on failure strength and failure mode (disruption, untying).Results—There were no differences between polydioxanone and polyglyconate suture materials in failure strength or mode within sterilization methods. Both sterilization methods significantly increased the likelihood that suture loops would untie compared with controls subjects. Ligature loops that disrupted had a greater breaking strength than those that untied, regardless of sterilization method or suture type.Conclusions/clinical relevance—Sterilization with either ethylene oxide or gas plasma of pre‐tied, polyglyconate, or polydioxanone ligature loops significantly increases the in vitro likelihood of a modified Roeder knot untying. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the in vivo requirements for ligature loops.
Regulation of p21 waf1/cip1 Expression by Intracellular Redox Conditions
Authors: Esposito Franca , Russo Lucia , Chirico Giuseppa , Ammendola Rosario , Russo Tommaso , Cimino Filiberto 
Published: August 2002

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) have been considered for a long time only as molecules for inducing oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. However, in the last few years some physiological effects of ROS have been hypothesized, consisting of the redox regulation of several biological processes, including the transduction of mitogenic signals. This means that intracellular generation of ROS could be necessary to maintain homeostasis, as well as that their formation/scavenging should be controlled processes. We developed an experimental procedure that causes redox perturbations in intact cells, based on the exposure of living cells to diethylmaleate (DEM), a GSH‐depleting agent. By this procedure we demonstrated that ROS generated following DEM treatment induces a G1 arrest, that is accompanied by several redoxdependent changes in cell cycle‐related proteins. One of these is the p53‐independent accumulation of p21 waf1/cip1, which requires the integrity of the ras ‐MAPK pathway. Accordingly, DEM treatment strongly activates ERK2. On the other hand, redox perturbations provoked by DEM induce several early phenomena, including p21 waf1/cip1 and Rb dephosphorylation.
New α2 globin chain variant with low oxygen affinity affecting the N‐terminal residue and leading to N‐acetylation [Hb Lyon‐Bron α 1(NA1)Val→Ac‐Ala]
Authors: Lacan P. , Souillet G. , Aubry M. , Promé D. , Richelme‐David S. , Kister J. , Wajcman H. , Francina A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHemoglobin Lyon‐Bron was found in two members of a family of German ascent presenting with a moderate normocytic anemia. In this alpha2 globin variant, the N‐terminal valine of the chain was replaced by an alanine. Electrospray mass spectrometry of the α chain showed that, as normally, the initiator methionine was cleaved during globin processing but that the Nα‐terminal group was totally acetylated. This resulted in structural modifications of a region crucial for oxygen binding. As a consequence, hemoglobin Lyon‐Bron displayed both a reduced chloride effect and a decreased oxygen affinity, this last point explaining the apparent anemia. Am. J. Hematol. 69:214–218, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piebaldism associated with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (HEMPAS)
Authors: Köklü Seyfettin , Ertuğrul Derun , Onat Ahmet Mesut , Karakuş Sema , Haznedaroğlu İbrahim C. , Büyükaşık Yahya , Sayınalp Nilgün , Özcebe Osman , Dündar Semra V. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCongenital dyserythropoietic anemias (CDAs) are a group of relatively rare inherited anemias. They are characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis and classified as three major groups and a number of variants. CDA type II, also known as hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified serum test (HEMPAS), is the most frequent one. A number of associations with CDA II have been reported, although each described only one or a few patients. Here we presented a piebald woman with vaginal atresia who was tested for anemia and diagnosed as CDA type II. Piebaldism and anemia association were previously described in the mouse. Our case was the first that shows the features of both piebaldism and CDA in the same patient. This association may suggest a stem cell defect to cause both hematopoietic and cutaneous manifestations. Am. J. Hematol. 69:210–213, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autism and the X chromosome: No linkage to microsatellite loci detected using the affected sibling pair method
Authors: Schutz Chris K. , Polley Diana , Robinson Paula D. , Chalifoux Maryse , Macciardi Fabio , White Bradley N. , Holden Jeanette J.A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is poorly understood, although it is clear that genetic factors play a major role. ASDs appear to be a heterogeneous group of disorders, making genetic analysis difficult in the absence of etiologically definable subgroups. The excess of males in the affected population has led to suggestions that an X‐linked locus could play a role in the causation of autism or a related pervasive developmental disorder. To examine this, we have investigated the genotypes of 31 families with two or more affected boys, at a series of 16 highly polymorphic loci distributed along the X chromosome with an average interlocus distance of 12 cM, in order to identify regions of significantly increased concordance among pairs of affected brothers. No locus tested showed a significant increase in concordance, supporting findings by others that there are no genes of major effect located on the X chromosome that contribute to increased susceptibility to ASD. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive and behavioral performance among FMR1 high‐repeat allele carriers surveyed from special education classes
Authors: Sherman S.L. , Marsteller F. , Abramowitz A.J. , Scott E. , Leslie M. , Bregman J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fragile X syndrome is caused by an unstable CGG repeat sequence in the 5′ untranslated region of the X‐linked, FMR1 gene. When the number of repeats exceeds 200, the region is hypermethylated and the gene is silenced. The lack of the protein produced by the FMR1 gene, FMRP, causes the fragile X syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that FMR1 alleles with unmethylated long repeat tracks (40–200 repeats) may cause a specific somatic phenotype in women, premature ovarian failure, and may cause variation in the levels of FMR1 mRNA and FMRP. Because FMR1 is known to be involved in the regulation of subset of genes expressed in the brain, we investigated the variation in cognitive and/or behavioral performance among carriers of high repeat alleles. Specifically, we administered cognitive, behavioral, and adaptive performance tests to children identified with high repeat alleles who attended special education classes in Atlanta, Georgia public schools and to those with < 40 repeats drawn from the same population. Overall, we found no significant effect of repeat size and the psychometric measures in our test battery after adjustment for multiple comparisons. All scales were found to be within 1 SD standard deviation of the mean. We did find an intriguing, albeit marginally statistically significant, association in the cognitive profile among males and not females, consistent with an X‐linked effect. After adjusting for the overall cognitive abilities score, Verbal Ability scores decreased and Nonverbal Reasoning scores increased with repeat number to a greater extent in males than females. Spatial Ability scores were not associated with repeat number. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Timing of births in sympatric brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca clamitans) and northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus)
Authors: Strier Karen B. , Mendes Sergio L. , Santos Rogerio R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe monitored the birth patterns of sympatric brown howler monkeys (Alouatta fusca clamitans) and northern muriquis (Brachyteles arachnoides hypoxanthus) during a 4‐yr period from October 1996 to August 2000 at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Brown howler monkey births (n = 34) occurred throughout the year, and birth frequencies did not differ between rainy and dry season months. The aseasonal birth patterns of the howler monkeys differed significantly from the dry season concentration and dry month peak in muriqui births (n = 23). We found no effects of infant sex or the number of females on interbirth intervals (IBIs) in our 10 howler monkey study troops. IBIs of brown howler monkeys averaged 21.2 ± 2.5 mo (n = 8, median = 21.0 mo), and were significantly shorter following dry season births than rainy season births. Their IBIs and yearling survivorship (74%) were similar to those reported for other species of howler monkeys, but yearling survivorship was much lower than that of muriquis (94%), whose IBIs were more than 12 mo longer than those of the howler monkeys. Our study extends comparative knowledge of birth patterns in Alouatta to a poorly known species, and provides insights into the different ways in which diet and life history may affect the timing of births in large‐bodied platyrrhines under the same seasonal ecological conditions. Am. J. Primatol. 55:87–100, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes of urinary steroid conjugates and gonadotropin excretion in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy in the Yunnan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti)
Authors: He Yimei , Pei Yijin , Zou Rujin , Ji Weizhi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Yunnan snub‐nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is one of the most endangered species in the world, and it is endemic to China. According to our knowledge, there was no information on reproduction for this species. The present study was designed to understand the characteristics of reproductive hormone secretion during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy of this species by monitoring urinary estrone conjugate (E1C), pregnanediol‐3‐glucuronide (PdG), bioactive follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). The urine samples were collected each day from four adult females for eight menstrual cycles, and once in 3 days during pregnancy (three full‐term pregnancies, one mid‐term abortion). The steroid conjugate was tested by radioimmunoassays (RIAs), and bioactive FSH and LH levels were measured in vitro by the sensitive bioassays granulosa cell aromatize bioassay (GAB) and rat interstitial cell testosterone (RICT), respectively. The results showed that: 1) E1C presented a preovulatory peak (183.9 ± 8.6 ng/mgCr) followed by a definite elevation of PdG; 2) PdG in the luteal phase (754.4 ± 30.6 ng/mgCr) was three‐ to fivefold higher than during the corresponding follicular phase (198.3 ± 11.4 ng/mgCr); 3) the peaks of bio‐LH and bio‐FSH were on the same day, while the E1C peak was 1 or 2 days before the peaks for these two hormones; 4) bio‐FSH levels were higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, and bio‐LH levels elevated slightly in the luteal phase; 5) the mean cycle length was 23.6 ± 3.5 days (n = 3) based upon successive urinary LH peaks; 6) based on the interval from the day of E1C peak to the day of parturition, the gestation was 203.7 ± 2.5 days (n = 3); and 7) both E1C and PdG increased and remained high after pregnancy, with a sharp decrease in basal levels following parturition or mid‐term abortion. The results suggested that the pattern of reproductive hormones for R. bieti is similar to that of other Old World monkeys, but the concentration of the hormones is different from that of other species. This species has a longer progestation period, which may be related to its classification status. Am. J. Primatol. 55:223–232, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pattern of dental development in Hominid XVIII from the Middle Pleistocene Atapuerca‐Sima de los Huesos site (Spain)
Authors: Bermudez De Castro Jose Maria , Rosas Antonio 
Published: August 2002

Abstract.We describe the pattern of dental development of Hominid XVIII from the Middle Pleistocene Sima de los Huesos (SH) site of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain). As expected, this pattern is similar to that of modern humans. A delay of development of the lower and upper canines was observed. In contrast, the relative advanced development of the lower second molars and, especially, the upper and lower third molars is noteworthy. This latter feature seems to be common in Pleistocene hominids, and suggests that the pattern of dental development evolved in the genus Homo during the Pleistocene. In European Middle Pleistocene hominids, this pattern probably was facilitated by the extra space available in the mandible and maxilla for developing teeth. Am J Phys Anthropol 114:325–330, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and related neuropathies: Mutation distribution and genotype‐phenotype correlation
Authors: Boerkoel Cornelius F. , Takashima Hiroshi , Garcia Carlos A. , Olney Richard K. , Johnson John , Berry Katherine , Russo Paul , Kennedy Shelley , Teebi Ahmad S. , Scavina Mena , Williams Lowell L. , Mancias Pedro , Butler Ian J. , Krajewski Karen , Shy Michael , Lupski James R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that has been associated with alterations of several proteins: peripheral myelin protein 22, myelin protein zero, connexin 32, early growth response factor 2, periaxin, myotubularin related protein 2, N‐myc downstream regulated gene 1 product, neurofilament light chain, and kinesin 1B. To determine the frequency of mutations in these genes among patients with CMT or a related peripheral neuropathy, we identified 153 unrelated patients who enrolled prior to the availability of clinical testing, 79 had a 17p12 duplication (CMT1A duplication), 11 a connexin 32 mutation, 5 a myelin protein zero mutation, 5 a peripheral myelin protein 22 mutation, 1 an early growth response factor 2 mutation, 1 a periaxin mutation, 0 a myotubularin related protein 2 mutation, 1 a neurofilament light chain mutation, and 50 had no identifiable mutation; the N‐myc downstream regulated gene 1 and the kinesin 1B gene were not screened for mutations. In the process of screening the above cohort of patients as well as other patients for CMT‐causative mutations, we identified several previously unreported mutant alleles: two for connexin 32, three for myelin protein zero, and two for peripheral myelin protein 22. The peripheral myelin protein 22 mutation W28R was associated with CMT1 and profound deafness. One patient with a CMT2 clinical phenotype had three myelin protein zero mutations (I89N+V92M+I162M). Because one‐third of the mutations we report arose de novo and thereby caused chronic sporadic neuropathy, we conclude that molecular diagnosis is a necessary adjunct for clinical diagnosis and management of inherited and sporadic neuropathy.
Electrical, physicomechanical, and X‐ray studies on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer/polyaniline blends
Authors: Jeevananda T. , Siddaramaiah  , Somashekarappa H. , Somashekar R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe conductive blend consisting of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) and a polyaniline/p‐toluene sulfonic acid (PAn/TSA) complex were prepared by a thermal doping process using a Brabender plasticorder at 150°C. The conductivity, dielectric constant, dissipation factor, mechanical behavior, and structural aspects of these blends were investigated. A higher percentage of the PAn/TSA complex in the EVA matrix resulted in an increase in the electrical properties and a decrease in the mechanical properties like the tensile strength and percentage of elongation. These results were compared with the microcrystalline parameters of the blend obtained from X‐ray profile analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1730–1735, 2002
Plasma‐enhanced synthesis of maltodextrin–polydimethylsiloxane graft copolymers
Authors: Ma Y. C. , Manolache S. , Sarmadi M. , Denes F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractEther‐extracted maltodextrin (MD) powder was surface functionalized under 13.56‐MHz RF–SiCl4‐plasma conditions, and consecutively in situ aminated and grafted using dichlorodimethylsilane. Survey and high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR evaluations, fluorescence‐labeling technique, SEM, and DTA/TG analyses prove the presence of a graft‐copolymer layer on the modified starch‐granule surfaces and the existence of a significantly changed surface morphology of the starch granules, as a result of the grafting reactions. The hydrophobic nature of the polydimethylsiloxane‐grafted starch and its significantly changed thermal behaviors were also evaluated. Potential applications of modified maltodextrins are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1120–1129, 2001
Effect of recycled polypropylene on polypropylene/high‐density polyethylene blends
Authors: Bonelli Claudia M. C. , Martins Agnes F. , Mano Eloisa B. , Beatty Charles L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of recycled PP on incompatible blends of virgin polypropylene (PP) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied. Recycled PP from urban solid waste was extracted with methyl ethyl ketone and the compatibilizing action of the product before and after extraction was examined. The characterization of the recycled PP was performed by FTIR, NMR, and DSC analyses. Mechanical properties of the blends were evaluated. The results showed partial compatibility of the blend components, reflected in the improvement of the tensile strength and elongation. Best results were achieved by the addition of extracted recycled PP on the 50/50 PP/HDPE blends. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1305–1311, 2001
Preparation of microcapsules composed of waste‐expanded polystyrene and paper fiber by semichemical recycle
Authors: Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMicrocapsules composed of waste paper fibers and plastics were prepared by semichemical recycle method. Newspaper and expanded polystyrene (EPS) for packing electric appliances were used as the raw materials of paper fiber (FB) and plastics, respectively. In this experiment, fibers were treated with a few surface treating agents prior to the encapsulation operation in order to improve the dispersability in the nonaqueous liquid phase and then in the shell of microcapsules. Microcapsules prepared thus were found to be of single‐cored type. Furthermore, it was found that the mechanical strength of microcapsules was increased by addition of fibers and there were the optimum concentrations of the surface treating agents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2662–2669, 2001
Polyblend systems of polyurethane (AU) and ethylene acrylic elastomer (vamac) using the sulfur cure systems
Authors: Khatua B. B. , Das C. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBlends of polyurethane (Vibrathane‐5008, Uniroyal Co., USA) and ethylene acrylic elastomer (vamac B‐124, du Pont, USA) prepared through three different blending techniques have been studied over the entire composition range. The processability and the aging properties of the polyurethane elastomer were improved as a result of blending with ethylene acrylic elastomer. IR spectral analysis of the (50:50) blend of the two elastomers, without any curatives, suggested that the interchain crosslinking reaction occurred between the two elastomers phases on heat treatment. The thermal stability of the blends also improved on heat treatment, before addition of curatives. Phase morphological study revealed that the extractability of the single phase by solvent was also restricted on preheating the preblends, probably due to the interchain crosslinking. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2737–2745, 2001
Adsorption of urokinase by polypropylene films with various amine groups
Authors: Choi Seong‐Ho , Lee Kwang‐Pill , Nho Young Chang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolypropylene films with various amine groups were prepared by radiation‐induced grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto polypropylene (PP) films and the subsequent amination of poly‐GMA graft chains were examined. The physical and chemical properties of the GMA‐grafted PP film and the aminated PP film were investigated by IR, SEM, XPS, and TGA. The adsorption of urokinase for the PP films modified with various amine groups was examined under various conditions of different amine group contents and pH values. The adsorption of urokinase increased by increasing the amine group content. In the range of amine group content from 1.0 to 2.7 mmol/g, the adsorption of urokinase by the PP films modified with six kinds of amines was in the following order: trimethylamine > diethylenetriamine > triethylenetetraamine > ethylenediamine > dimethylamine > diethyleneamine. The adsorption amounts of urokinase by the PP film with the trimethylamine and triethylenetetraamine groups at pH 7.4 were higher than those at pH 9. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2851–2858, 2001
Polypropylene/mica composites modified by succinic anhydride–grafted atactic polypropylene: A thermal and mechanical study under dynamic conditions
Authors: García–Martínez J. MA. , Laguna O. , Areso S. , Collar E. P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study the thermal and mechanical behaviors of PP/mica composites, under dynamic conditions, are discussed on the basis of the changes induced by the presence of the interfacial modifier succinic anhydride–grafted atactic polypropylene, with different degrees of grafting, prepared in our laboratories by chemical modification of a by‐product from industrial polymerization reactor. Changes in the interfacial activity, induced by the substitution of a very small amount of polymer matrix by the interfacial agent with different grafting levels, were conclusively obtained. The results obtained from either the thermal or the dynamic mechanical behavior led to the same conclusions, and agree with data obtained from macroscopic mechanical properties. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 625–636, 2001
Reactive blends of gelatinized starch and polycaprolactone‐g‐glycidyl methacrylate
Authors: Kim Chang‐Hyeon , Cho Kuk Young , Park Jung‐Ki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBlends of the modified polycaprolactone (PCL) and the gelatinized starch with glycerin were prepared. The modified PCL, PCL‐g‐glycidyl methacrylate (GPCL), was synthesized by melt reaction of PCL and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in a Brabender mixer. The size of the dispersed starch in the GPCL matrix was found to be smaller than that in the PCL matrix. As the relative content of the GMA groups in the GPCL increases, the elongation at break of the blend showed the highest value at a grafted GMA content of 4.2 wt %. With the increase of the glycerin content in the starch, an abrupt change of the mechanical properties of the blend were observed between 40 and 50 wt % glycerin content based on the starch weight. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1507–1516, 2001