bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Is a Main Mediator in Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor‐κB Ligand‐Dependent Osteoclastogenesis Induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii
Authors: Choi Bong‐Kyu , Moon Sun‐Young , Cha Jeong‐Heon , Kim Kih‐Wan , Yoo Yun‐Jung 
Published: May 2005

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that often leads to destruction of alveolar bone; a number of bacteria in subgingival plaque are associated with bone destruction in periodontitis. To understand the mechanism of how periodontopathogens induce osteoclastogenesis, we determined which mediators are involved in the osteoclastogenesis.Methods: We investigated effects of sonicates from three periodontopathic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Treponema socranskii, on osteoclast formation in a co‐culture system of mouse calvaria‐derived osteoblasts and bone marrow cells. The osteoclast formation was determined by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κ B ligand (RANKL), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in mouse calvaria‐derived osteoblasts was determined by immunoassay.Results: Each bacterial sonicate induced the osteoclast formation in the co‐culture system. These bacterial sonicates increased the expression of RANKL and PGE2, and decreased the expression of OPG in osteoblasts. The addition of OPG, an inhibitor of RANKL, in the co‐culture completely suppressed the osteoclastogenesis that was stimulated by each bacterial sonicate. Indomethacin, which is an inhibitor of PGE2 synthesis, reduced more than 88% of the osteoclast formation induced by each bacterial sonicate. Indomethacin inhibited more than 80% of RANKL expression in osteoblasts induced by T. denticola and T. socranskii, and 59% by P. gingivalis. Indomethacin completely recovered the depression of OPG expression in osteoblasts by T. denticola and T. socranskii to the level of the untreated osteoblasts. Indomethacin recovered the reduction of OPG expression by P. gingivalis to 67%.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the osteoclastogenesis by P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. socranskii is mediated by a RANKL‐dependent pathway and that PGE2 is a main factor in the pathway by the enhancing of RANKL expression and the depression of osteoprotegerin, a RANKL inhibitor. J Periodontol 2005;76:813‐820.
Treatment Options Following Single‐Rooted Tooth Removal: A Literature Review and Proposed Hierarchy of Treatment Selection
Authors: Fugazzotto Paul A. 
Published: May 2005

Background: Alveolar bone changes following tooth extraction have been well documented and have given rise to a number of treatment approaches. Included in these approaches are placement of various grafting materials, immediate implant placement, and a combination of both.Methods: A review of all pertinent literature discussing regenerative therapy at the time of tooth extraction or immediate implant placement with or without concomitant regenerative therapy was carried out.Results: A clinically‐based hierarchy of treatment selection following extraction of single rooted teeth is proposed, based upon the available literature and clinical experience. The role of patient phenotype is considered.Conclusion: Utilization of the proposed hierarchy of treatment selection affords a logical framework within which to predictably treat a variety of patients. J Periodontol 2005;76:821‐831.
A New Incision Design for Mandibular Symphysis Bone‐Grafting Procedures
Authors: Schuler Ralf , Verardi Simone 
Published: May 2005

Background: Traditional methods of procuring mandibular symphysis bone grafts may leave soft tissue scarring, and cause paresthesia and lip droop.Methods: Nineteen patients selected for treatment were given general health, periodontal, and radiographic evaluations. Patients had inadequate bone volume for dental implant placement or required preprosthetic ridge augmentation procedures. Prior to surgery, bone sounding was performed to determine tissue thickness. All patients had a minimum of 4 mm of keratinized gingiva. Under local anesthesia, incisions were initiated within the keratinized gingiva. Full‐thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated, and small burs were used to obtain bone blocks from the mandibular symphysis. A bone‐scraping device was used to obtain strips of cortical bone. A combination of sling and interrupted sutures was used for wound closure.Results: All patients healed uneventfully without wound dehiscence, paresthesia, or lip droop. Sufficient bone was obtained for ridge or sinus augmentation with eventual implant placement.Conclusions: A new incision design is presented. This flap design is carried out within keratinized gingiva. Limiting the flap design to keratinized tissue facilitates flap closure and avoids wound dehiscence. J Periodontol 2005;76:845‐849.
Continuous plug‐flow bioreactor: Experimental testing with Pseudomonas putida culture grown on benzoate
Authors: Voloshin Yury , Lawal Adeniyi , Panikov Nicolai S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe goals of this work were to test the feasibility of a continuous plug‐flow (PF) bioreactor and to compare the growth in the PF bioreactor to that in a batch bioreactor. A culture of Pseudomonas putida was pumped through a tube made of Teflon with varying residence times. The culture was aerated by pumping of air simultaneously with liquid medium to provide air bubbles along the tubular culture. When the residence time in the PF bioreactor was greater than the time needed to reach the stationary phase in batch mode, the maximum biomass density reached in PF mode was the same as the maximum density reached in the batch bioreactor, and benzoate (the only carbon and energy source) was completely consumed. The drawbacks for practical application of PF were found to be fluctuations of cell concentration in the outflow cultural liquid due to cell aggregation, significant cell adhesion to the inner wall of Teflon tubing, and inadequate aeration. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virus detection using filament‐coupled antibodies
Authors: Stone Gregory P. , Mernaugh Ray , Haselton Frederick R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwo attractive features of ELISA are the specificity of antibody–antigen recognition and the sensitivity achieved by enzymatic amplification. This report describes the development of a non‐enzymatic molecular recognition platform adaptable to point‐of‐care clinical settings and field detection of biohazardous materials. This filament‐antibody recognition assay (FARA) is based on circumferential bands of antibody probes coupled to a 120 μm diameter polyester filament. One advantage of this design is that automated processing is achieved by sequential positioning of filament‐coupled probes through a series of 25–60 μL liquid filled microcapillary chambers. This approach was evaluated by testing for the presence of M13KO7 bacterial virus using anti‐M13KO7 IgG1 monoclonal antibody coupled to a filament. Filament motion first positioned the antibodies within a microcapillary tube containing a solution of M13KO7 virus before moving the probes through subsequent chambers, where the filament‐coupled probes were washed, exposed to a fluorescently labeled anti‐M13K07 antibody, and washed again. Filament fluorescence was then measured using a flatbed microarray scanner. The presence of virus in solution produced a characteristic increase in filament fluorescence only in regions containing coupled antibody probes. Even without the enzymatic amplification of a typical ELISA, the presence of 8.3 × 108 virus particles produced a 30‐fold increase in fluorescence over an immobilized negative control antibody. In an ELISA comparison study, the filament‐based approach had a similar lower limit of sensitivity of ∼1.7 × 107 virus particles. This platform may prove attractive for point‐of‐care settings, the detection of biohazardous materials, or other applications where sensitive, rapid, and automated molecular recognition is desired. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling protein transport in ultrafiltration using small charged ligands
Authors: Rao Suma , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that protein transport during ultrafiltration can be strongly influenced by solution pH and ionic strength. The objective of this study was to examine the possibility of controlling protein transmission using a small, highly charged ligand that selectively binds to the protein of interest. Experiments were performed using bovine serum albumin and the dye Cibacron Blue. Protein sieving data were obtained with essentially neutral and negatively charged versions of a composite regenerated cellulose membrane to examine the effects of electrostatic interactions. The addition of only 1 g/L of Cibacron Blue to an 8 g/L BSA solution reduced the BSA sieving coefficient through the negatively‐charged membrane by more than two orders of magnitude, with this effect being largely eliminated at high salt and with the neutral membrane. Protein sieving data were in good agreement with model calculations based on the partitioning of a charged sphere in a charged pore accounting for the change in net protein charge due to ligand binding and the increase in solution ionic strength due to the free ligand in solution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zoledronic acid down‐regulates adhesion molecules of bone marrow stromal cells in multiple myeloma
Authors: Corso Alessandro , Ferretti Eleonora , Lunghi Monia , Zappasodi Patrizia , Mangiacavalli Silvia , De Amici Mara , Rusconi Chiara , Varettoni Marzia , Lazzarino Mario 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyeloma plasma cells interact with the bone marrow microenvironment which, in turn, supports their growth and protects them from apoptosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated the antitumor potential of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on myeloma cell lines, but few data are available on its effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of ZOL on BMSCs, as well as its effect on the expression of adhesion molecules.METHODSBMSCs, obtained from bone marrow mononucleated cells of 8 patients with multiple myeloma, were treated with increasing concentrations of ZOL for 3 days. Cytotoxic effect was analyzed by 3‐(4‐5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide; thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay whereas the induction of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometric detection of fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled annexin V, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling assay, and nuclear changes. Moreover, expression of CD106, CD56, CD50, CD49d, CD44, and CD40 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Data were evaluated by the Friedman test.RESULTSAfter 3 days of exposure at concentrations of 10−4 to 10−5 M, ZOL induced a decrease in proliferation (P < 0.0001) and an increase in apoptosis (P < 0.002). Analysis of culture supernatants showed that myeloma BMSCs expressed interleukin (IL)‐6, negligible levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and no IL‐1β. In vitro exposure to the lowest concentrations of ZOL decreased IL‐6 production by BMSCs. Among the adhesion molecules, CD106, CD54, CD49d, and CD40, which were strongly expressed at baseline, showed a statistically significant reduction compared with controls after exposure to ZOL.CONCLUSIONSZOL interfered with myeloma BMSCs by reducing proliferation, increasing apoptosis, and modifying the pattern of expression of adhesion molecules, especially those involved in plasma cell binding. These effects on BMSCs might explain the antitumor activity of ZOL. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Chondrosarcoma of the scapula
Authors: Pant Rajeev , Yasko Alan W. , Lewis Valerae O. , Raymond Kevin , Lin Patrick P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDChondrosarcoma is the second most common primary sarcoma of bone. It often develops within flat bones, such as the pelvis, ribs, and scapula. In the current study, the authors reviewed the surgical experience and long‐term oncologic outcomes of patients with chondrosarcoma arising in the scapula.METHODSThe medical records of 29 consecutive patients with chondrosarcoma of the scapula were reviewed. The patients were treated between 1954 and 1994. All patients had localized disease at the time of presentation. The tumors were classified histologically as Grade 1 (10 patients), Grade 2 (10 patients), Grade 3 (7 patients), dedifferentiated (1 patient), and mesenchymal (1 patient) (using the criteria of Evans et al.). The mean maximal dimension of the tumors was 11 cm. Twenty‐five patients underwent limb‐sparing surgical resection and 4 patients underwent forequarter amputations. The median follow‐up was 13 years (range, 1–35 years).RESULTSAt last follow‐up, 22 patients (76%) were free of disease and 7 patients (24%) had died of their disease. Local recurrence occurred in 4 patients at 7 months, 16 months, 40 months, and 43 months, respectively. The local recurrence‐free survival rate was 86% at 5 years, 10 years, and 20 years. Disease‐specific survival was 83% at 5 years, 74% at 10 years, and 74% at 20 years. Patients who had low‐grade chondrosarcomas had better survival compared with patients who had high‐grade chondrosarcomas (P = 0.07).CONCLUSIONSPatients who had localized chondrosarcoma of the scapula had a favorable long‐term outcome, most likely due to the unique anatomic features that improved the likelihood of achieving wide surgical margins with limb‐sparing surgery, despite the frequent presentation of locally advanced disease. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Reclassification of patients with pT3 and pT4 renal cell carcinoma improves prognostic accuracy
Authors: Thompson R. Houston , Cheville John C. , Lohse Christine M. , Webster W. Scott , Zincke Horst , Kwon Eugene D. , Frank Igor , Blute Michael L. , Leibovich Bradley C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe significance of adrenal invasion and tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been debated recently. The authors evaluated the associations of direct adrenal invasion, perinephric fat invasion, and tumor thrombus level with outcome to determine whether reclassification would improve the prognostic accuracy of the current primary tumor classification.METHODSThe authors studied 697 patients treated with nephrectomy for pT3 and pT4 RCC between 1970 and 2000. Associations with outcome were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression and prognostic accuracy was measured using the c index.RESULTSAmong patients with pT3 RCC, direct adrenal invasion was significantly associated with death from RCC (risk ratio, 2.11; P = 0.004). No significant difference in survival was found between patients with pT4 RCC and pT3 tumors with direct adrenal invasion (P = 0.490). Among patients with pT3b RCC, those with level I–III tumor thrombus were significantly more likely to die of RCC compared with patients harboring level 0 tumor thrombus (risk ratio, 1.62; P < 0.001). In addition, patients with fat invasion were more likely to die of RCC compared with pT3 patients without fat invasion (risk ratio, 1.87; P < 0.001). Therefore, patients with pT3 RCC were reclassified into 4 prognostic groups, and this reclassification significantly improved prediction of death from RCC compared with the current classification (c indices of 0.61 vs. 0.55, respectively).CONCLUSIONSDirect adrenal invasion from RCC should be reclassified as pT4. In addition, the proposed reclassification for patients with pT3 RCC improved prognostic accuracy. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Increase in platelet count in older, poor‐risk patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome treated with valproic acid and all‐trans retinoic acid
Authors: Pilatrino Chiara , Cilloni Daniela , Messa Emanuela , Morotti Alessandro , Giugliano Emilia , Pautasso Marisa , Familiari Ubaldo , Cappia Susanna , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Lo Coco Francesco , Saglio Giuseppe , Guerrasio Angelo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors investigated the efficacy and safety of the histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as differentiation agents in a cohort of older, poor‐risk patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).METHODSTwenty older patients with recurrent or refractory AML or MDS were treated in a Phase II protocol with sequential VPA and ATRA therapy. VPA was started at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day and then escalated to achieve the serum concentration of 45–100 μg/mL. ATRA was added at 45 mg/square meters (sm) per day when VPA reached the target serum concentration. Only patients treated continuously for ≥ 2 months were considered evaluable.RESULTSHematologic improvement, according to World Health Organization criteria, was observed in 6 of 20 patients enrolled in the protocol but in 6 of 11 considered evaluable. In five patients, a major platelet response was observed, achieving platelet transfusion independence. Three of these five patients also exhibited a minor erythroid response. A sixth patient showed both a minor erythroid response and a platelet response. The median duration of response was 189 days (range, 63–550 days). No significant reduction in the blast count was observed. Grade 3 neurocortical toxicity was observed in four patients. Severe bone pain was experienced by 4 patients (2 Grade 4 and 2 Grade 3) and was associated with an increase in the peripheral blast cell count. Treatment with ATRA did not modify the response observed with VPA alone.CONCLUSIONSDifferentiation therapy with VPA was of clinical benefit in approximately 30% of elderly patients with AML and MDS of the refractory anemia with excess of blast type with unfavorable prognostic features. A striking platelet transfusion independence lasting several months may be obtained in some patients, reducing the burden of palliative care and improving the quality of life. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
CpG methylation at promoter site −140 inactivates TGFβ2 receptor gene in prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Hong , Shiina Hiroaki , Greene Kirsten L. , Li Long‐Cheng , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kishi Hirofumi , Igawa Mikio , Kane Christopher J. , Carroll Peter , Dahiya Rajvir 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe action of transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) is mediated through type 1 (TβRI) and type 2 (TβRII) receptors. Prostate cancer cells are often resistant to TGF‐β signaling due to loss of TβRII expression. The authors of the current study hypothesized that CpG methylation of the TβRII promoter at the Sp1 binding site −140 mediates this loss of TβRII expression in prostate cancer.METHODSSixty‐seven prostate cancer (PC) samples, 8 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) samples, and 4 prostate cancer cell lines (DUPro, LNCaP, ND‐1 and PC‐3) were analyzed for 1) TβRII mRNA expression by semiquantitative RT‐PCR, 2) TβRII protein expression by immunohistochemistry, and 3) TGFβRII promoter methylation at CpG site −140 by methylation specific PCR and bisulfite DNA sequencing. Prostate cancer cell lines were treated with the demethylating agent 5aza2′deoxycytidine to determine if TβRII gene expression could be increased by blocking promoter methylation.RESULTSmRNA and protein expression of TβRII was lower in the PC samples than in the BPH samples. CpG methylation at site −140 was higher in PC than in BPH (P < 0.01). Promoter methylation was inversely correlated with TβRII mRNA expression in the PC and BPH samples (P < 0.0001). PC3, ND1, and DUPro TβRII mRNA expression increased following treatment of cells with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine.CONCLUSIONCpG methylation of the TβRII promoter at CPG site −140 leads to functional loss of the TβRII gene in prostate cancer. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2′ deoxycytidine can restore gene expression. The current study results report the first association between prostate cancer and loss of the TGF‐ β signaling pathway by TβRII DNA promoter methylation. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Outcomes and prognostic factors after recurrence in children and adolescents with nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Mazzoleni Stefano , Bisogno Gianni , Garaventa Alberto , Cecchetto Giovanni , Ferrari Andrea , Sotti Guido , Donfrancesco Alberto , Madon Enrico , Casula Letizia , Carli Modesto ,   Associazione Italiana di Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough > 90% of children with nonmetastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) achieve complete remission with current treatment, up to one‐third of them experience a recurrence. Survival rates are not always poor in patients who develop recurrences; thus, prognostic factors are needed to tailor salvage treatment.METHODSThe current analysis included 125 children who were affected by localized RMS and were enrolled in 3 consecutive Italian protocols (RMS79, RMS88, and RMS96) who developed recurrences after complete remission. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were studied in univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the independent significance of different factors.RESULTSThe median time from diagnosis to recurrence was 17.8 months. Most patients had local recurrences (72%). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 28.3% ± 8.7%. Multivariate analysis identified 4 factors that were associated with poor survival: 1) alveolar subtype (relative risk [RR], 2.0), 2) parameningeal or “other” sites (RR, 2.6), 3) systemic recurrence (RR, 3.1), and 4) recurrence on therapy (RR, 2.3). The absence of any of these risk factors identified a “favorable risk” group (12% of patients) with a 5‐year OS rate of 71.8% ± 23.5%. Patients with a single risk factor (32%) had an OS rate of 37.5% ± 17.2%. Combining patients with 0 or 1 risk factor, the OS rate was 66.5% in the subgroup who had not received radiotherapy compared with an OS rate of 30.3% in the subgroup who had received radiotherapy; this difference was significant (P= 0.03).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current analysis demonstrated that groups with a different prognosis can be identified among patients with recurrent RMS. Patients with a nonalveolar histology, a primary site other than the parameningeal or “other” sites, local recurrence, and recurrence off therapy had a better prognosis. First‐line treatment may have an impact on prognostic variables. In fact, patients who had no or only one risk factor and patients who had tumors with a nonalveolar histology benefited more from salvage therapy if they had not received radiotherapy for their initial treatment. These data may be useful in planning risk‐adapted salvage protocols. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.