bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PULMONARY COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 INFECTION POST-SIX MONTHS
Authors: Abdalla Nsar , Ali Kosar , Karadakhy Kamaran 
Published: December 2023

Background
COVID-19 has been linked to a wide range of long-term respiratory consequences after the initial illness, both clinically and radiologically..
Objectives
To find the prevalence of post covid respiratory complications and their relation with HRCT findings after six months from infection.
Material and Methods
This cohort study was conducted in different Sulaimani city’s COVID-19 centers from September 1st to November 30, 2021; a total of 100 patients (65 male and 35 female), a mean age of 45.5 (18-91 years old) were randomly collected. All patients had High-Resolution CT during acute infection, followed by second HRCT 6 months after the initial infection.
Results
Among 100 cases in the study, 64% of the patients have one or more chest symptoms, particularly cough (40%) and dyspnea (31%). Regardless of the age and comorbid illnesses, cough and chest tightness are predominantly found among female patients; moderately infected patients are more prone to have post-COVID symptoms than others (p-value 0.003 except for hemoptysis was 0.013). Concerning HRCT findings most common initial HRCT findings were ground glass opacity at 100%, consolidation49%, and reticulation at 46%, while on the follow-up scan, reticulation was the predominant finding at 44%. In addition, a significant correlation was found between cough and dyspnea with consolidation, crazy paving, and reticulation (p-value <0.001).
Conclusion
Cough and dyspnea are predominant features after six months and significantly correlate with HRCT findings of consolidation, crazy paving, and reticulation during active disease; smoking is not a risk factor for pulmonary complications.
PHYSICIAN CAREER SATISFACTION WITHIN SPECIALTIES IN ERBIL CITY
Authors: Al-Banna Haitham 
Published: December 2023

Background
Doctors’ satisfaction with their careers and lifestyle is of considerable importance since it affects their healthcare providers and may influence the chosen specialty of the upcoming doctors. It is affected by many factors and varies among different specialties.
Objectives
To determine the level of satisfaction among different specialties and the factors influencing their satisfaction.t
Subjects and Methods
A cross-sectional study was carried on 2019 among 170 specialists from Hawler Medical University/college of medicine, four governmental hospitals, and two online Facebook groups by distributing two forms of a self-administered questionnaire, a hard copy and an online form. The randomly distributed questionnaire included doctors’ socio-demographic data, specialty, and lifestyle. SPSS was used for data analysis, Chi-square and Fisher exact test as appropriate was used, P-value to be significant at ≤0.05
Results
Of the 170 participating doctors, 68.8% were males. About thirty-four percent were medicine specialists, and twenty percent were from the surgical field. Eighty percent said that they were happy during working time. This study also revealed that surgeons do not give their families enough time 26.5%. About twenty percent reported they are stressed most of the time, while 64.1% are only sometimes stressed, of whom radiologists (33.3%) are the least stressed. About sixty percent of specialists chose their specialty because of personal interest, in 79.4% of surgeons were with them. In contrast, 21.8% of doctors chose it because it was the best available for them, of whom 52.9% were gynecologists. Nearly fifty-nine percent of physicians reported being very satisfied, and 16.5% were extremely satisfied, with specialty having no significant effect.
Conclusion
Satisfaction varies by specialty. Personal interest was the main factor in choosing a specialty, most doctors were happy during working time, and they agreed on “more free time” to be more satisfied.
SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF LEFT SIDE COLONOSCOPY OR SIGMOIDOSCOPY VERSUS TOTAL COLONOSCOPY IN PATIENTS LESS THAN 45 YEARS OLD AGE PRESENTED WITH THE PERIANAL DISEASE AT KURDISTAN CENTER FOR GASTROENTEROLOGY/SULAIMANIYAH
Authors: Ahmed Sarko , Mohamed Mohamed 
Published: December 2023

Background
Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are recommended tools for diagnosing colorectal diseases, but their relative effectiveness needs to be clarified. Direct comparisons of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy in the same population would help inform patients, providers, and policymakers about patients presented with perianal features and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening options.
Objectives
To evaluate the ability of each of these two modalities (colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy) to reach the diagnosis in patients presenting with features suggestive of perianal disease and to determine factors that predict safely performing left-sided colonoscopy in patients less than forty-five years old given with features suggestive of perianal disease.
Materials and Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study will be conducted between the 1st of January 2021 and the 1st of January 2022 in the department of KCGH (Kurdistan center for gastrointestinal and Hepatology) / Teaching- Hospital, Sulaymaniyah City, Iraq. One thousand patients presented with features (bright red bleeding per-rectum, blood on toilet tissue, pain and itching in anal region, anal soiling) of perianal disease were subjected to sigmoidoscopy and extended to full colonoscopy. The patients are divided into two groups, each group of 500 patients. The first group (basic group) includes patients younger than 45 years and the second group (comparison group) includes patients aged equally and more than 45 years.
Results
The mean age of the primary group is about 33 years. All patients underwent sigmoidoscopy and extended to total colonoscopy with terminal ileal intubation; in the basic group, we have 48 (4.8%) patients with left side polyps (10 large and 38 small polyps) and 16 (1.6%) right side polyps (2 large and 14 small polyps), in this group, we have only 6 (0.6%) patients with left side colonic mass and no cases of right side colonic mass, while in comparison group we have 115 (11.5%) cases with left side colonic polyp (27 large and 88 small polyps) and about 86 (8.6%) cases of right side colonic polyp, regarding detecting mass in this group we have 20 (2.0%) cases of left side colonic mass and 6 (0.6%) cases of right side colonic mass..
Conclusion
Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are important tools for investigating patients presenting with perianal features. While both are sensitive to detecting pathology in the left side of the colon, our study concluded that although colonoscopy is the ideal procedure for detecting lesions in the whole colon (proximal & distal to splenic flexure), limited colonoscopy up to splenic flexure can be safely carried out in patients less than 45 years old presented with perianal diseases.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL SERUM LIPID PROFILE AT LATE GESTATION WITH NEONATAL MACROSOMIA
Authors: Nasir Salama , Khaleel Rawaa , Abdullah Naz 
Published: December 2023

Background
Macrosomia is a serious health problem that is highly prevalent and can negatively affect neonatal and maternal outcomes. Pregnant women and neonates can be negatively influenced by dyslipidemia (high maternal serum lipids) which also results in the development of fetal macrosomia..
Objectives
The current study aimed to determine how maternal lipid profile during the third trimester of pregnancy correlated with fetal birthweight.
Patients and Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted in Sulaimani Maternity Teaching Hospital over eight months, starting from the 1st of September 2018 till the 30th of April 2019. The study included 123 pregnant with a viable singleton pregnancy, gestational age > 32 weeks, delivered between 37 and 42 weeks of gestational age, and women suffering from thyroid disorders and hypertension. For all women, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and serum triglycerides (TG) were measured. In addition, the women were followed up until their childbirth, and the correlation between the mothers’ lipid profile and their neonates’ weight was measured..
Results
The mean age ± SD (standard deviation) of the studied women was 31.10± 3.65 years, ranging from (25 to 38) years. Regarding their parity, 78% of women were multiparous (have 2-4 children), and the remaining (22%) were primipara. Among the 123 participating women, 23 (18.7%) delivered macrosomic babies (weight > 4kg), and 100 (81.3%) delivered babies with normal birth weight. Fifteen women (12.2%) have high cholesterol levels, and all delivered macrosomic newborns, with a statistically significant association (P=0.001) between macrosomia and maternal cholesterol level. Also, the prevalence of macrosomia was significantly higher among women with high serum triglyceride levels (P=0.001).
Conclusion
There is a significant association between increased risk of macrosomia and high serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels during pregnancy.
Methodological arsenal of Aristotle and Kant. Categories
Authors: Taysina Emilia A. 
Published: December 2023

The classical toolkit of philosophy includes, as a necessary basic “set”, certain general concepts, extremely abstract and deeply essential, which are called in Greek categories, and in Latin predicabiles, but more often — universals.
Initially, Aristotle introduces the first ten such categories into his texts that further became canonic, in a small but very complex work of the same name. Up to the era of Modernity, his methodological arsenal served European philosophy with unfailing success.
However, in the XVIII century, Immanuel Kant, sharply and definitely distinguishing rationality and reason unlike Aristotle, introduces the categories of logic not as abstractions, but as propositions systematically developed from a general principle: the ability, or faculty, of judgment. These approaches are very different: for example, in relation to concepts, — and Aristotle’s categories are precisely concepts, — the question of truth does not arise at all: it concerns only judgments.
On the other hand, these approaches have something in common. Both philosophical systems in the field of gnoseology are formal-logical.
Kant’s approach, dialectical in the study and explanation of the objective world, in terms of the theory of knowledge was not yet dialectical; or, it is believed rather, that this was negative-dialectical. In fact, this approach is intermediate, syntagmatic.
Understanding sleep apnoea: Prevalence, awareness, and readiness for orthodontic treatment in adults and children
Authors: Anbarasu Prema , K Kansitha , Saikia Tribeni , Kumar S Saravana , K Gobinath , K Thrivikhraman 
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) while investigating awareness and readiness for orthodontic treatment. The primary objectives were to understand the burden of OSA and explore the potential role of orthodontic interventions in managing this condition. The study employed a cross-sectional design, including a sample of 48 adults and 46 children from various geographical areas in Chennai. Craniofacial morphology assessments and validated questionnaires (Berlin Questionnaire for adults, Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire for children) were utilized for OSA risk assessment. Participants were screened for risk factors and symptoms, and their awareness of OSA and willingness to pursue orthodontic treatment were evaluated. Ethical guidelines were adhered to, and data were collected through standardized forms and electronic databases.Among the surveyed adults, 85.7% were identified as loud snorers, and significant proportions experienced daytime fatigue (53.6%) and choking during sleep (46.4%). Findings also revealed disrupted sleep patterns in 57.1% of adults, with 32.1% seeking medical consultation. Notably, 25% were aware of OSA, and none were familiar with orthodontic treatments. However, 53.6% expressed willingness to undergo orthodontic appliance treatment. In the pediatric population, 31% of children were loud snorers, and 34.5% experienced tiredness at school. While 17.2% of parents were familiar with OSA, only 3.3% knew about orthodontic treatments. Nevertheless, 34.5% expressed a willingness to pursue orthodontic appliance treatment for their children. The study reveals a significant prevalence of OSA symptoms in both adults and children. Despite a high prevalence of symptoms, awareness of OSA and knowledge about orthodontic treatment options are notably low. Overall, enhancing public understanding of OSA and its treatment options can pave the way for more diverse and effective interventions.
STANDARDISATION AND CERTIFICATION OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Shevchuk Svitlana , Herevenko Andrii , Beseganich Inna , Suvorova Liudmyla , Haidai Iryna 
Published: December 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyse the importance of standardisation and certification in the context of vocational education, as well as to study the dynamics and main challenges facing the Ukrainian vocational education system. To achieve the aim of the article, theoretical methods of cognition were used, in particular, methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, content analysis, induction, and comparison. The results demonstrate that further development of vocational education in Ukraine is impossible without systemic changes in the legislation governing the educational sector and other important regulatory documents, such as the National Qualifications Framework, the classification of professions, as well as documentation from the National Qualifications Agency, etc. Overcoming problems in this area, such as clarifying professional areas and making them compliant with modern requirements, as well as eliminating outdated professions that do not meet modern technologies and processes, are important for adapting educational documents and standards to the requirements of the modern world. In the process of developing new regulations in the field of vocational education, it is important to take into account existing international and European standards, which will allow Ukraine's European integration potential to be taken into account. A flexible response to changes in the labour market is also an important element of the reform. The conclusions note that harmonisation with European educational systems and finding resources for its implementation remains an important task, even in difficult conditions, including the military aggression of the Kremlin regime.
PROFIT OPTIMIZATION AND COST EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCT MIX WITH LINIER PROGRAMMING SPREADSHEET MODEL
Authors: Putri Yayang Novealita Wahono , Nurafni Nurafni Eltivia , Riwajanti Nur Indah 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThis research aims to provide the best model in order to optimize profits and minimize costs in the field of product mix at Micro Smal Medium Enterprises called Nanda Salad, Malang, East Java, Indonesia.This research uses the Solver Spreadsheet Model to produce a Linier Programming scheme. The analysis method begins with the process of collecting data, constructing the model, defining the variables, constructiong the objective function, designing the model constraints, constructing the solution model, and implementing the solution. The results of this research indicate that profit optimization and cost efficiency can be obtained more optimally if Nanda Salad chooses to carry out production activities with on line 1 compared to on line 2. In addition to getting profit optimization and cost efficiency schemes, on line 1 shows that Nanda Salad can use their limited resources to produce of product mix optimally. By considering the average of return, Nanda Salad can optimally meet consumer demand without wasting costs. To increase the accuracy result, MSMEs can combine forecasting approaches with Linier Programming.Keywords: Cost efficiency, Excel, Linier Programming, Product Mix, Profit Optimization
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan model terbaik dalam rangka mengoptimalkan laba dan meminimalkan biaya terhadap produksi produk campuran pada Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah bernama Nanda Salad, Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Solver Spreadsheet Model untuk menghasilkan skema Linier Programming. Metode analisis dimulai dengan proses pengumpulan data, membangun model, mendefinisikan variabel, membangun fungsi tujuan, merancang batasan model, membangun model penyelesaian, dan pengimplementasian solusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi laba dan efisiensi biaya dapat diperoleh dengan lebih maksimal apabila Nanda Salad memilih untuk menjalankan kegiatan produksi dengan skema on line 1 dibandingkan on line 2. Selain mendapatkan skema optimalisasi laba dan efisiensi biaya, skema on line 1 menjawab dengan jelas bahwa Nanda Salad dapat mempergunakan sumber daya yang terbatas untuk memproduksi produk campuran dengan optimal. Dengan mempertimbangkan rata-rata jumlah retur Nanda Salad dapat memenuhi permintaan konsumen secara optimal tanpa adanya kondisi pemborosan biaya. Untuk meningkatkan keakuratan hasil, UMKM dapat mengombinasikan pendekatan forecasting dengan Linier Programming.Kata Kunci: Efisiensi biaya, Excel, Linier Programming, Optimalisasi laba, Produk Campuran
ANALISIS PREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN (FINANCIAL DISTRESS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALTMAN Z SCORE DAN METODE GROVER
Authors: Christa Fanesia , Mukti Aloysius Harry 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to analyze the company's financial statements to predict bankruptcy (financial distress) of retail companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are all retail companies which financial statements are available in the Indonesia Stock Exchange publications in 2017-2019. The test in this study uses a different test calculation (T-Test) to determine the significant difference between the Altman Z Score method and the Grover method regarding financial distress prediction. This is proven by the results of the analysis which show that there is a significant difference between the calculation using the Altman Z Score Method and the Grover Method with a significance value of less than 0.05.Keywords: Altman Z Score, Financial Distress, Grover
ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis laporan keuangan perusahaan untuk memprediksi kebangkrutan (financial distress) terhadap perusahaan retail yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi di dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan retail yang laporan keuangannya terdapat di publikasi Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2019. Pengujian dalam penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan uji beda (T-Test) untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan antara metode Altman Z Score dengan Metode Grover mengenai prediksi financial distress. Hal ini terbukti dengan hasil analisis yang menunjukan bahwa terdapat beda statistik antara perhitungan dengan Metode Altman Z Score dan Metode Grover. Implikasi dari hasil uji beda ini adalah diperlukan kehati-hatian bagi pengguna kedua metode ini dikarenakan memiliki sensitivitas yang berbeda di dalam memprediksi kebangkrutan yang akan berdampak pada keputusan yang dihasilkan.Kata Kunci: Altman Z Score, Financial Distress, Grover
Comparing the efficacy of two teaching strategies on students’ attitudes towards biology: A case in Ashanti Mampong municipality, Ghana
Authors: Adiyiah Michael , Dieudonne Mutangana , Ameyaw Yaw 
Published: December 2023

Biology is an essential and compulsory subject offered at all senior high schools in Ghana. However, the level of students’ attitude towards biology has been seen to be a result of the use of less motivating teachers’ instructional strategies. This research study examined the effect of concept mapping and cooperative learning strategies on enhancing students’ attitudes towards the development of biology in two selected deprived science-based senior high schools within the Ashanti Mampong municipality of Ghana. The study used a quasi-experimental design involving a 3 x 2 multi-factorial analysis with a positivist paradigm. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain 498 biology students for the study. Three research instruments, the biology attitude questionnaire (BAQ), student verbal ability test items and the students’ performance test (SPT) were used in collecting the data. The results showed that the intervention improved students' attitudes towards learning biology and the development of biology activities using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in a statistical package for social science version 20. Therefore, the two strategies enhanced students’ attitudes towards the subject in the two selected institutions within the Ashanti Mampong Municipality of Ghana. The two instructional strategies should therefore be emphasized, adopted and enforced in the teaching and learning of biological concepts among all deprived science-based senior high school students in Ghana where appropriate learning and teaching resources are scarcely unavailable and elsewhere in related challenges.
Let's Play Content as a Fiduciary Collateral under Indonesian Law: Potential Challenges
Authors: Fadli Muhammad Anas , Muhammad Pravest Hamidi  , Farhan Azzahra Edwin  , Rayyan Gustio Kevin Aritonang  
Published: December 2023

This paper examines the potential implementation challenges of GR 24/2022, specifically related to Let's Play content as a fiduciary collateral. With the rising popularity amongst the younger generation, Let’s Play Content has two issues, namely (i) copyright infringement and (ii) inadequate legal instruments. Utilizing a normative juridical analysis, we found that Let's Play content creators may potentially violate copyright laws if they fail to obtain permission or comply with fair use or fair dealing provisions. Furthermore, the current legal instruments available in Indonesia are found to be insufficient, which creates difficulties for stakeholders to mitigate legal risks. To ensure legal certainty and accurate valuations, the government should add supplementing provisions in the implementing regulations, coordinate with relevant parties and conduct education and training programs for appraisers. These steps are necessary in creating a fair business environment and supporting Indonesia's creative industry growth.
INTERIOR DESIGN CODES OF COFFEE SHOPS AS THE THIRD PLACE DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC: Z-GENERATION AND DISTANCE CONCEPT
Authors: CURAOĞLU Füsun , AĞAOĞLU ÇOBANLAR Gül , KOYUNCU Şeyma 
Published: December 2023

The studies conducted on the changes encountered during the pandemic are frequently concerned with the
modification of the residence and the workplace. Although these studies are sufficient to reveal the needs of
private areas and workplaces during the pandemic, there are not enough studies on the position of coffee
shops as the 3rd place in the pandemic process. third wave coffee shops have the potential to demonstrate
technology-driven changes in the utilization of space during the socialization and work experiences of
Generation Z in the pandemic process. third wave coffee shops reveal the evolution of the concept of distance
and interior design codes during the pandemic process. In this study carrying out a mixed method design, a
questionnaire, space syntax method, and semi-structured discussions were used. The purpose of this study is
to analyze the evolution of Generation Z’s perception of distance, spatial expectations, and new interior design
codes. The key findings indicate that Generation Z users utilize third wave coffee shops primarily for work
and socialization and reconsider the concepts of virtual and physical distance with the pandemic. Another
promising finding is that Generation Z users point out that third wave coffee shops should change in tandem
with how the pandemic has evolved, and they have visions for the necessity. In this way, the study contributes
to the design of spaces that meet the expectations of users of Generation Z in light of their evolving perception
of distance.