bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mantle upwelling in a compressional setting: the Atlas Mountains of Morocco
Authors: Teixell Antonio , Ayarza Puy , Zeyen Hermann , Fernàndez Manel , Arboleya María‐Luisa 
Published: September 2005

AbstractWe discuss the implications of a lithospheric model of the Moroccan Atlas Mountains based on topography, heat flow, gravity and geoid anomalies, taking into account the regional geology. The NW African cratonic lithosphere, some 160–180 km thick, thins to c. 80 km beneath the Atlas fold‐thrust belts, in contrast with the shortening regime prevailing there since the early Cenozoic. This fact explains several geological and geophysical features as high topography with modest tectonic shortening, the occurrence of alkaline magmatism contemporaneous to compression, the absence of large crustal roots to support elevation, the scarce development of foreland basins, and a marked geoid high. The modelled lithosphere thinning is related to a thermal upwelling constrained between the Iberia–Africa convergent plate boundary and the Saharan craton.
Assessing the age of relief growth in the Andes of northern Chile: Magneto‐polarity chronologies from Neogene continental sections
Authors: von Rotz Ruedi , Schlunegger Fritz , Heller Friedrich , Villa Igor 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe Andes of northern Chile currently experience a phase of relief rejuvenation as indicated by valleys that are >1000 m dissected into pediplains. However, it has been unclear when this phase of relief enhancement started. This paper discusses the use of palaeomagnetic chronologies from four sections in the Taracapá‐Region (northern Chile) to assess this age. The sections are located in distal and proximal positions. Sediment accumulation occurred between c. 22.5 and 8/7.5 Ma with a hiatus that possibly spans a time interval between c. 19.5 and 11 Ma. The magnetic polarity chronologies suggest a preferred age between 8.0 and 7.5 Ma for the time when relief growth started. In proximal positions, however, alternative correlations suggest an age of 8.5 Ma. In addition, the palaeomagnetic data reveal no rotation of the analysed strata, suggesting a minimum age of c. 22.5 Ma for the tectonic block rotation south of the Arica deflection.
Hair loss: is there a relationship with hair care practices in Nigeria?
Authors: Nnoruka Nkechi Edith 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground  Hair loss occurs in all ethnic populations, but the etiology varies considerably from group to group. In black women, many forms of alopecia are associated with hair care practices. However, the causes of alopecias in African women have not been extensively investigated.Objective  This descriptive, cross‐sectional, hospital‐based study was undertaken to document common complaints on initial presentation for hair loss, hair care practices and patterns of hair loss, and to determine if there is a relationship between hair loss and hair care practices.Methods  A total of 39 female patients seen over a 12 month period were enrolled in the study. Demographic information recorded included age, sex, marital status and occupation. Information regarding medical history included initial presenting complaints, duration of hair loss, site of hair loss, whether there was skin or systemic involvement, hair care practices and the duration of these practices. Examination of the scalp, a hair‐pull test, documentation of the pattern of hair loss, relevant laboratory tests and biopsies were carried out.Results  All 39 patients were adults. Major complaints at initial presentation, apart from hair loss, included itchy scalp in 17 patients (43.6%), painful scalp in 11 patients (28.2%), hair breakage in seven patients (17.9%) and flaking scalp in four patients (10.3%). All the women relaxed their hair at some point in time. Chemical relaxants were consistently used by 22 patients (53.7%), eight patients (20.5%) alternated these with plaits/braids, and nine patients (23.1%) wore extensions. The use of local concoctions in hair care management was reported by three patients (7.7%). Scarred alopecias were observed in 20 patients (51.3%), while 19 (48.7%) had nonscarred alopecias. Those who reported prolonged and frequent use of chemical relaxants [mean duration (± standard deviation) 23.2 ± 9.3 years] exhibited scarred alopecia more commonly than those who did not often use chemical relaxants (P < 0.001). The application of local concoctions or pomades was also a regular practice amongst females with scarred alopecias.Conclusions  Itchiness, pain, ready hair breakage and flaking scalp were common complaints at initial presentation. A range of alopecias were documented, and it was also observed that duration of hair care practice and hair styling were relevant to hair loss, particularly for women with central centifugal cicatricial alopecias (CCCAs), which resulted in scarring.
Epidemiologic and etiologic features of pigmentation disorders observed during consultation at the Dermatology Center of Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Authors: Yoboue Pauline , Sangare A. , Kaloga M. , Kouadio A. , Djedje M. A. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractSkin color is important to people in many societies. In this descriptive cross‐sectional study, the causes of skin disorders in patients presenting for consultation over a period of 5 years were assessed and identified. A total of 4510 dyschromia cases were recorded, representing 9% of the total number of patients attending for consultations at the Dermatology Center of Abidjan over this period. Pigmentation disorders were more often found in female patients (53.56%; sex ratio female:male = 1.44) and were predominant in patients 20–30 years old (50%). All socio‐professional categories were represented. However, students and service professionals (hairdressers, dressmakers, traders and switchboard operators) represented 50% of the patients with pigmentation disorders. Hyperchromia was common (48.49%) and was found in exposed areas of the skin. Most of the pigmentation disorders (60.94%) were of post‐inflammation origin. Vitiligo was the most frequent etiology of systemic or endocrine dyschromia (92.63%). Among the hereditary pigmentation disorders, pigmented naevus was the most commonly found (41.5%). Dyschromic chemical eruptions appeared most frequently in the form of fixed pigmented erythema (84.55%). This study demonstrates that pigmentation disorders are still a frequent reason for consultation due to their distressing consequences.
Keloid acne of the neck: epidemiological studies over 10 years
Authors: Adegbidi Hugues , Atadokpede Felix , Do Ango‐Padonou Florencia , Yedomon Hubert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBackground  Acne keloidalis nuchae is a chronic condition affecting young adult males of African origin. The frequency of the condition is low but its occurrence has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life.Patients and methods  We performed a retrospective study on data collected over a period of 10 years in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology at the Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire (CNHU) in Cotonou, Benin. We examined 90 files covering the period from 1993 to 2002 in terms of the epidemiologic, clinical and therapeutic features and course of the disease.Results  The frequency of acne keloidalis nuchae in patients attending the department for consultations over this period was 0.7%. All patients were male, and their mean age was 29 years. The mean period between disease onset and initial consultation in the department was 29 months. Of the patients diagnosed, 82.22% were seen at the stage when the keloid lesions were small. Lesion size did not appear to depend on the duration of the disease. The mean duration of follow up for the 34 patients reviewed was 22 weeks. In nine cases the lesions had spread and in five cases they had resolved. The treatment proposed depended on the type of lesion, but no effective therapeutic guidelines exist.Conclusions  The study has demonstrated that, once the clinical stage of purely inflammatory lesions has passed, delay in consultation has a negligible effect on the course of the disease, which remains chronic and recurrent. A preventive approach using Information Education Communication (IEC) would be preferable.
Muscarinic receptors, leukotriene B4 production and neutrophilic inflammation in COPD patients
Authors: Profita M. , Giorgi R. Di , Sala A. , Bonanno A. , Riccobono L. , Mirabella F. , Gjomarkaj M. , Bonsignore G. , Bousquet J. , Vignola A. M. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Acetylcholine (ACh) plays an important role in smooth muscle contraction and in the development of airway narrowing; preliminary evidences led us to hypothesize that ACh might also play a role in the development of airways inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:  We evaluated the concentrations of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in induced sputum, and the expression of Ach M1, M2, and M3 receptors in sputum cells (SC) obtained from 16 patients with COPD, 11 smokers, and 14 control subjects. The SC were also treated with ACh and the production of LTB4 assessed in the presence or absence of a muscarinic antagonist (oxitropium). In blood monocytes, we evaluated LTB4 release and activation of the extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) pathway after treatment with Ach.Results:  The LTB4 concentrations were higher in COPD than in controls (P < 0.01) and correlated with the number of neutrophil (P < 0.01). The M3 receptors expression was increased in COPD subjects when compared to smokers and control (P < 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively), while M2 expression resulted decreased (P < 0.05 and 0.01). The ACh‐induced LTB4 production was observed in peripheral blood monocytes, and was sensitive to ERK inhibition. Similarly, ACh significantly increased neutrophil chemotactic activity and LTB4 released from SC of COPD patients only, and these effects were blocked by pretreatment with the inhibitor of ERK pathway PD98059.Conclusions:  The results obtained show that muscarinic receptors may be involved in airway inflammation in COPD subjects through ACh‐induced, ERK1/2‐dependent LTB4 release. Muscarinic antagonism may contribute to reduce neutrophil infiltration and activation in COPD.
Asp f6, an Aspergillus allergen specifically recognized by IgE from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, is differentially expressed during germination
Authors: Schwienbacher M. , Israel L. , Heesemann J. , Ebel F. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic mould causing allergic and invasive respiratory diseases. Allergic bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a severe pulmonary complication resulting from hypersensitivity to A. fumigatus proteins. Aspergillus allergen Asp f6 is recognized by IgE from ABPA patients, but not from sensitized individuals, a fact that can be used to differentiate between these two groups of allergic patients.Methods:  Proteins from hyphae, resting and germinating conidia of A. fumigatus were compared by SDS‐PAGE. Protein identification was performed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Recombinant A. fumigatus allergens were used to isolate specific monoclonal antibodies (mab) from a hybridoma bank generated against Aspergillus proteins.Results:  A hyphae‐specific 23 kDa A. fumigatus protein was identified as the allergen Asp f6/manganese‐dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Differential expression of MnSOD was confirmed by immunoblot using a specific mab. In contrast, Asp f8 another intracellular, but not ABPA‐specific allergen, was detected in hyphae and conidia.Conclusions:  Aspergillus fumigatus is able to colonize its environment by the formation of hyphae. Hyphae are found in the lung of ABPA patients, but not in patients suffering from atopic asthma. Our finding that Asp f6 is specifically expressed in hyphae might explain why an IgE response to Asp f6 is specific for ABPA patients.
Anaphylactic reactions in children – a questionnaire‐based survey in Germany
Authors: Mehl A. , Wahn U. , Niggemann B. 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Severe anaphylactic reactions are medical emergencies requiring immediate recognition and treatment. Despite this, little is known on their clinical features, especially in infants and children.Objective:  To evaluate trigger factors, patterns of clinical reaction, site of occurrence and treatment modalities of reported reaction in infants and children below 12 years of age in Germany.Methods:  Paediatricians throughout Germany were asked by questionnaire to report accidental anaphylactic reactions over the previous 12 months. Severity of reported reactions was classified in grades I–IV according to reported symptoms.Results:  Hundred and three cases of anaphylaxis were evaluated. Median age was 5 years, 58% were boys. Site of occurrence was the child's home in the majority of cases (58%). Foods were the most common causative allergen (57%), followed by insect stings (13%) and immunotherapy (SIT) (12%); in 8% anaphylactic agent was unknown. Among foods, peanuts and tree nuts were the most frequent allergens (20% of food allergens in each case). Severe reactions with cardiovascular involvement occurred in 24% of cases. No fatal reaction was observed. Recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis were reported in 27% of cases, half of these caused by the same allergen again. For treatment, 20% of children received adrenaline, in 8% of cases intravenously. Thirty‐six per cent of patients with grade‐IV reactions received adrenaline, 24% intravenously. In 17% of all children an adrenaline self‐injector was prescribed after the episode.Conclusion:  Our data: (i) shows an uncertainty of physicians in diagnosing anaphylaxis, (ii) reveals remarkable under‐treatment of the majority of children with anaphylaxis, (iii) reflects the need for guidelines and training for physicians in managing children with anaphylaxis and (iv) should encourage the development of self‐management programmes for patients and families.
Biological Control of Stenocarpella maydis in Maize Seed with Antagonistic Streptomyces sp. Isolates
Authors: Bressan W. , Figueiredo J. E. F. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe effectiveness of two Streptomyces sp. isolates, isolated from maize rhizosphere soil and designated as DAUFPE 11470 and DAUFPE 14632, was evaluated in vitro and under greenhouse conditions for control of Stenocarpella maydis in maize seeds. Stenocarpella maydis incidence was detected in all subsamples of disease‐free maize seeds by in vitro survey test, and ranged from 10.8% to 65.2%. In a filter paper test with surface‐disinfected seeds inoculated with S. maydis, Streptomyces sp. isolates DAUFPE 11470 and DAUFPE 14632 significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) the pathogen incidence by 93.2% and 92.3%, respectively. Seed germination in the same treatments was increased by 30.0% and 28.2%, respectively. Treatments of non‐disinfected seeds with the isolates DAUFPE 11470 and DAUFPE 14632, under greenhouse conditions reduced disease incidence in the seedlings by 87.3% and 85.6%, respectively. The reductions in disease incidence in surface‐disinfected seeds were 85.0% and 83.0% for the same isolates. Seedling emergence significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased in disinfected and non‐disinfected seeds inoculated with the Streptomyces sp. isolates. The results indicate the potential of using Streptomyces sp. isolates as an additional tool to control Stenocarpella ear rot by significantly reducing the incidence of S. maydis in maize seeds and seedlings.
Genetic Diversity of Pyrenophora teres Isolates as Detected by AFLP Analysis
Authors: Leišova L. , Minariˇḱova V. , Kučera L. , Ovesná J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis has been used to analyse mainly 83 Czech isolates of Pyrenophora teres, P. graminea, P. tritici‐repentis and Helminthosporium sativum. Each species had distinct AFLP profiles. Using 19 primer combinations 948 polymorphic bands were detected. All main clusters in dendrogram correspond to the studied species. Even the two forms of P. teres–P. teres f. teres (PTT) and P. teres f. maculata (PTM) – formed different clusters. Genetic diversity, with regard to the locality and the year of the sample's collection, was analysed separately within the AFLP‐based dendrogram cluster of PTT and PTM. Unweighted pair‐group method (UPGMA) analysis of the 37 isolates of PTT and 30 isolates of PTM, using 469 polymorphic bands, showed that the variability seemed to have been influenced more by the year of sampling than by the geographic origin of the isolate. The presence of intermediate haplotypes with a relatively high number of shared markers between the two groups indicated that hybridization between the forms of P. teres could happen, but it is probably often overlapped by selection pressure or genetic drift.
Spatially Resolved Sulphur K‐edge XANES Spectroscopy for in situ Characterization of the Fungus–plant Interaction Puccinia triticina and Wheat Leaves
Authors: Prange A. , Oerke E.‐Ch. , Steiner U. , Bianchetti Ch. M. , Hormes J. , Modrow H. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAn innovative application of X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy for the characterization of interactions of biotrophic plant pathogens with their hosts as exemplified by Puccinia triticina colonizing wheat leaves is described. Spatially resolved, synchrotron radiation‐based XANES spectroscopy was used for the detection of changes in sulphur metabolism induced by leaf rust infections. A significant accumulation of sulphate occurred at the site of the sporulating urediniosori of P. triticina. Compared with non‐infected leaf areas, minor changes in the spectra were observed for the non‐visibly colonized tissue neighbouring the rust sori. As the spectra for isolated urediniospores and the healthy leaf areas did not match the spectra of the urediniosori, a significant impact of the biotrophic pathogen on sulphur metabolism of wheat has been demonstrated. Spatially resolved XANES spectroscopy will extend the range of qualitative and quantitative methods for in situ investigations of host–pathogen interactions, thus contributing to enlarge our knowledge about the metabolism of diseased plants.
Biological and Molecular Characterization of Melon‐Infecting Kyuri Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in Indonesia
Authors: Daryono B. S. , Somowiyarjo S. , Natsuaki K. T. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractMelon (Cucumis melo L.) plants showing fruit deformation and mosaic symptoms were found in Java, Indonesia, in 2001. Leaf dips of the symptomatic melon tissue revealed rod‐shaped viral particles 300 × 18 nm in size. Biological and serological data described in this study indicate that the virus belonged to the genus tobamovirus and was related to the kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV). The genome of the virus has been completely sequenced, consisting of 6512 nucleotides and was compared in detail with KGMMV‐C1 and KGMMV‐Y. The sequence of their 5′‐ and 3′‐ non‐coding regions (NCRs) were 91% and 94% identical to KGMMV‐C1, and only 82% and 95% identical to KGMMV‐Y respectively. The amino acid sequence of the shorter and longer RNA replicase components, movement protein and coat protein were 94%, 91%, 95% and 94% identical to KGMMV‐C1 and 93%, 89%, 91% and 85% identical of KGMMV‐Y respectively. The results from phylogenetic analysis of the coding regions revealed that KGMMV‐YM is a new strain of KGMMV. This is the first report of the complete nucleotide sequence and analysis of genome organization for KGMMV isolated in anywhere in South‐East Asia.
Early Detection of Bacterium‐induced Basal Resistance in Tobacco Leaves with Diaminobenzidine and Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate
Authors: Bozsó Z. , Ott P. G. , Szatmari A. , Czelleng A. , Varga G. , Besenyei E. , Sárdi É. , Bányai É. , Klement Z. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe present study demonstrate that in tobacco leaves the diaminobenzidine (DAB) and 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) staining is a useful indicator of the basal (also known as general or innate) defence‐associated reactions, especially of the early developing form of basal resistance (EBR). DAB and DCFH‐DA, in the presence of H2O2 and peroxidase converts to a brown polymer and fluorescent DCF respectively. In the present study, the hypersensitive response (HR)‐inducing avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61, its HR‐negative hrp/hrc mutants and even non‐pathogenic bacteria such as P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli caused DAB and DCFH‐DA staining, if the dyes were injected 3–4 h after bacterial inoculation into tobacco leaves. The conditions that enable the staining of plant leaves infiltrated with HR‐negative bacteria were persisted for 1 to several days depending on the physiological state of the plant, and plant activity was required to the development of the staining. The live virulent P. syringae pv. tabaci was able to suppress the development of the staining reaction. Bacteria that induced more intensive staining reaction triggered stronger local resistance response, which was verified by its ability to inhibit the HR by challenging avirulent bacteria and by expression analysis of genes that are activated during the basal defence response. The peroxidase enzyme activity increased in bacterially treated tobacco tissue, and inhibition of peroxidase activity blocked the development of the staining. The results showed that in tobacco leaves the staining reactions were associated with the general recognition and basal defence reaction of tobacco plant and can be used as markers in tobacco leaves for testing the occurrence of this type of defence.
Exercise‐ or dipyridamole‐loaded QGS is useful to evaluate myocardial ischemia and viability in the patients with a history of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Ishikawa Yuichi , Fujiwara Motoki , Ono Yasuo , Tsuda Etsuko , Matsubara Tomoyo , Furukawa Susumu , Echigo Shigeyuki 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
Background
: Evaluation of myocardial ischemia and viability is very important for the management of patients with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD). 99mTc‐tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion scintigraphy combined with quantitative gated single photon computed emission tomography (QGS) gives us information, not only about perfusion, but also the percentage change in left ventricular wall thickness (%WT) and relative changes in left ventricular wall motion (LVM).
Methods
: The subjects were 27 patients with a history of KD followed as outpatients at the National Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan. Exercise‐loaded QGS was performed on 21 patients, and dipyridamole‐ loaded QGS was performed in six patients younger than 7 years old.
Results
: Perfusion defects (PD) were observed in 12 patients. Of the 12 patients, four with old myocardial infarction (OMI) had decreased %WT. All patients with OMI showed a decrease in %WT in the areas where PD was seen on the image. The other eight patients without OMI showed no decrease in %WT. In non‐infarcted cases, the %WT was normal in the PD‐positive area.
Conclusions
: It is possible to evaluate myocardial ischemia and viability in KD patients by comparing PD on the image with %WT determined by QGS using exercise or drug‐loaded myocardial scintigraphy alone.