bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in the Risk of Frailty for Mortality Independent of Disability and Chronic Diseases
Authors: Puts Martine T. E. , Lips Paul , Deeg Dorly J. H. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To determine the effect of static and dynamic frailty on mortality in older men and women.Design: A prospective cohort study with three 3‐year measurement cycles.Setting: Population based.Participants: The sample was derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam and consisted of respondents who participated in two cycles (T1: 1992/1993 and T2: 1995/1996) and for whom there was complete data on disability and chronic diseases (N=2,257).Measurements: Nine frailty markers were assessed at T1 and T2. The frailty markers were defined in two ways: low functioning at T2 (static frailty) and change in functioning between T1 and T2 (dynamic frailty). Survival time, calculated in days from T2 to January 1, 2000, was used as the outcome variable. Predictive ability was examined using Cox proportional hazards analyses separately for men and women.Results: Women were frailer than men. Static frailty was significantly associated with mortality in men (relative risk (RR)=2.4) and in women (RR=2.6). Dynamic frailty was also associated with mortality in women (RR=2.6), but it was not significantly associated with mortality in men (RR=1.3). When disability and chronic diseases were included in the model as possible mediators, these RRs dropped to 1.6, 2.0, 2.1, and 1.2, respectively, of which the first three were still significant.Conclusion: Frailty was associated with mortality to a greater extent in women than in men, and this effect was independent of disability and chronic disease. In men, the static definition of frailty was more predictive of mortality than the dynamic definition.
Alteration of a Clinically Meaningful Outcome in the Natural History of Alzheimer's Disease by Cholinesterase Inhibition
Authors: Lopez Oscar L. , Becker James T. , Saxton Judith , Sweet Robert A. , Klunk William , DeKosky Steven T. 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To describe the effect of cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) on the natural course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using clinically meaningful outcomes.Design: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal study.Setting: Referral dementia clinic.Participants: One hundred thirty‐five matched pairs of patients with probable AD.Measurements: The risk of AD patients being classified as slow progressors (Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score change ≤2 at 1‐year follow‐up) was examined as a function of treatment with CEIs. A logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, education level, MMSE score, Blessed Dementia Rating Scale (BDRS) for activities of daily living (ADLs), extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, major depression, and use of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and sedative/hypnotics determined the factors that best predict slow progression and nursing home admission.Results: Eighty‐one (60%) of the patients on CEIs and 53 (39%) of the patients who never used CEIs were considered slow progressors (P=.001) at 1‐year follow‐up. Slow progression was associated only with CEI use (relative risk (RR)=2.45, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.45–4.16), and sedative/hypnotics use was associated with a MMSE change of 3 points or more (RR=0.35, 95% CI=0.13–0.93). CEI use had a protective effect on nursing home admission (RR=0.095, 95% CI=0.03–0.30), whereas higher scores on the BDRS for ADLs increased risk of admission at 24‐ and 36‐month follow‐up.Conclusion: CEI use had a clinically meaningful effect on the natural history of AD. Patients taking CEIs were 2.5 times more likely to progress slowly and had a lower risk of nursing home admission after 2 years, even after controlling for multiple factors that can alter the course of the disease, and a slower rate of decline during the first year of follow‐up.
Knowledge and Attitudes About Geriatrics of Medical Students, Internal Medicine Residents, and Geriatric Medicine Fellows
Authors: Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Nagoshi Michael , Williams Shellie , Masaki Kamal H. , Blanchette Patricia Lanoie 
Published: December 2004

Objectives: To evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of medical students (MS1–3), internal medicine residents (postgraduate years 1 to 3 (PGY1–3)), and geriatric medicine fellows about elderly patients before implementation of a new geriatrics curriculum.Design: Cross‐sectional study.Setting: An academic medical center.Participants: Two hundred eleven people participated: 54 MS1, 52 MS2, 50 MS3, 20 PGY1, 12 PGY2, 12 PGY3, and 11 geriatric medicine fellows.Measurements: Each participant completed a questionnaire, including a 16‐item geriatrics attitude scale, and a 23‐item knowledge test (both revised versions of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Geriatrics Survey). Pearson correlation coefficients and t tests were used for statistical analyses.Results: Both surveys demonstrated high internal consistency (α=0.70 and 0.71, respectively). Knowledge test scores increased with advancing level of training. MS1 and MS2 scored significantly lower and fellows scored significantly higher than others. PGY3 scored significantly higher than PGY1 on the knowledge test. All groups demonstrated positive attitudes toward geriatric patients (score>3.5). MS1 and fellows had significantly more favorable attitudes scores than more advanced students and residents.Conclusion: The results suggest that the UCLA Attitudes Scale and Knowledge Test can be used reliably to assess attitudes and knowledge level across all levels of medical education and training. The information from this study will be used to implement a more structured and comprehensive geriatrics curriculum across all trainee levels to improve attitudes and knowledge in the care of the geriatric patient.
Second donation of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor–mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells: risk factors associated with a low yield of CD34+ cells
Authors: Platzbecker Uwe , Bornhäuser Martin , Zimmer Kristin , Lerche Linda , Rutt Claudia , Ehninger Gerhard , Hölig Kristina 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  There are still limited data on the efficacy and safety of repeated donations of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G–CSF)‐mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) for allogeneic transplantation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Sixty‐seven healthy donors undergoing two consecutive mobilizations of PBPCs within a median interval of 5 months (range, 0.1‐47 months) were investigated. For both first mobilization (FM) and second mobilization (SM), G–CSF (lenograstim) at 7.5 µg per kg per day was administered.RESULTS:  The nonhematologic side effects were comparable between both mobilizations. A significantly lower yield of CD34+ cells × 106 per kg of donor weight was obtained on Day 5 of SM in female (n = 31; FM, 5.0; SM, 3.23; p = 0.008) but not in male (n = 36; FM, 5.96; SM, 5.36; p = 0.24) donors. Multivariate analysis identified a lower CD34+ blood concentration on Day 5 of FM (p < 0.001) as well as female sex (p = 0.015) as independent risk factors for a lower yield of progenitor cells, whereas donor age and body mass index, interval between donations, and schedule of G–CSF application showed no significant impact.CONCLUSION:  The identified risk factors allow the estimation of the efficacy of a SM in an individual donor before G–CSF administration, thus avoiding distress to both the donor and the recipient.
A novel A allele with 664G>A mutation identified in a family with the Am phenotype
Authors: Lin Marie , Hou Min‐Ju , Twu Yuh‐Ching , Yu Lung‐Chih 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  The Am phenotype has been characterized as a weak expression of the A antigen on red blood cells but the presence of a normal quantity of the A antigen in saliva. This study describes a molecular genetic analysis of members of an Am family.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  The eight exon regions of the ABO genes of the Am proposita were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned, and their sequences were analyzed. The α‐1,3‐N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A‐transferase) activities of the Am serum and the expressed Am transferase were analyzed.RESULTS:  An A gene with a 664G>A mutation, which predicts an amino acid alteration of Val222Met, was identified in the Am proposita. This Am664A allele was demonstrated in other three family members with the Am phenotype. The A‐transferase activity was virtually undetectable in the Am sera, and the expressed Am transferase showed weak A‐transferase activity, when compared with the expressed A1 transferase, in assays that use acceptor substrates mimicking the Type 2 H structure and Type 1 H structure.CONCLUSION:  A novel A allele with 664G>A mutation was demonstrated in a pedigree with the Am phenotype. The mechanism leading to the formation of the Am phenotype still awaits elucidation.
Rapid identification of iron deficiency in blood donors with red cell indexes provided by Advia 120
Authors: Radtke Hartmut , Meyer Tina , Kalus Ulrich , Röcker Lothar , Salama Abdulgabar , Kiesewetter Holger , Latza Reinhard 
Published: December 2004

BACKGROUND:  A new generation of automated hematology analyzers allows the rapid determination of various red cell (RBC) indexes, including the percentage of hypochromic mature RBCs (HYPOm) and the hemoglobin (Hb) content of reticulocytes (CHr). These indexes have not yet been validated as measures for the detection of iron deficiency in blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Iron status was evaluated in a total of 1142 unselected prospective blood donors based on measurement of serum ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, and Hb compared to RBC indexes provided by an automated hematology analyzer (Advia 120, Bayer HealthCare) including HYPOm and CHr.RESULTS:  Assuming that the most precise measure for body iron storage is related to the logarithm of the ratio of soluble transferrin receptor to ferritin, the sensitivity of ferritin for the diagnosis of iron depletion was 89 percent compared to 57 percent for HYPOm and CHr, respectively, to 69 percent for the combination of both RBC indexes, and to 26 percent for Hb concentration.CONCLUSION:  The RBC indexes HYPOm und CHr are significantly better screening measures for identification of iron depletion in blood donors than Hb.
rhBMP‐2 significantly enhances guided bone regeneration
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Qahash Mohammed , Thomson Robert C. , Cook Alonzo D. , Rohrer Michael D. , Wozney John M. , Hardwick W. Ross 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown a limited potential for bone augmentation following guided bone regeneration (GBR) in horizontal alveolar defects. Surgical implantation of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (ACS) significantly enhances bone regeneration in such defects; however, sufficient quantities of bone for implant dentistry are not routinely obtained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of rhBMP‐2/ACS to enhance GBR using a space‐providing, macro‐porous expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) device.Methods: Bilateral, critical size, supra‐alveolar, peri‐implant defects were surgically created in four Hound Labrador mongrel dogs. Two turned and one surface‐etched 10‐mm titanium dental implant were placed 5 mm into the surgically reduced alveolar ridge creating 5‐mm supra‐alveolar defects. rhBMP‐2/ACS (rhBMP‐2 at 0.2 mg/ml) or buffer/ACS was randomly assigned to left and right jaw quadrants in subsequent animals. The space‐providing, macro‐porous ePTFE device was placed to cover rhBMP‐2/ACS and control constructs and dental implants. Gingival flaps were advanced for primary wound closure. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks postsurgery for histologic and histometric analysis.Results: Bone formation was significantly enhanced in defects receiving rhBMP‐2/ACS compared to control. Vertical bone gain averaged (±SD) 4.7±0.3 and 4.8±0.1 mm, and new bone area 10.3±2.0 and 8.0±2.5 mm2 at turned and surface‐etched dental implants, respectively. Corresponding values for the control were 1.8±2.0 and 1.3±1.3 mm, and 1.8±1.3 and 1.2±0.6  mm2. Bone–implant contact in rhBMP‐2‐induced bone averaged 6.4±1.4% and 9.6±7.5% for turned and surface‐etched dental implants, respectively (P=0.399). Corresponding values for the control were 14.6±19.4% and 23.7±9.7% (P=0.473). Bone–implant contact in resident bone ranged between 43% and 58% without significant differences between dental implant surfaces.Conclusions: rhBMP‐2/ACS significantly enhances GBR at turned and surface‐etched dental implants. The dental implant surface technology does not appear to substantially influence bone formation.
Effects of platelet‐rich plasma on bone healing in combination with autogenous bone and bone substitutes in critical‐size defects
Authors: Wiltfang Joerg , Kloss Frank Rudolf , Kessler Peter , Nkenke Emeka , Schultze‐mosgau Stefan , Zimmermann Robert , Schlegel Karl Andreas 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objectives: An animal study was carried out to investigate the influence of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on the regeneration of bony defects.Material and methods: Critical‐size defects in the forehead region of a mini‐pig were filled with randomly distributed combinations of autogenous bone, tricalcium‐phosphate granules (CeraSorb™), bovine spongious blocks (BioOss™) and a bovine bone inducing collagenous sponge (Colloss™) with and without PRP in two preparations (Cusasan, 3i). The animals were killed after 2, 4 and 12 weeks. The specimens were evaluated microradiographically and immunohistologically.Results: Autologous bone (38±9.9%) and Colloss (52.6±4.0%) showed the highest remineralization rates at 2 weeks. The initial high expression of BMP‐2 in the Colloss®‐group gives evidence of an early initiation of bony regeneration. At 2 weeks PRP ad modum 3i was able to enhance bone healing significantly (P=0.028) only when applied in combination with autogenous bone (62.8±1.6%). Four weeks after surgery, both PRP preparations did no longer increase bony regeneration in the autogenous groups. The osteoconductive effect of Bio‐Oss™ (38.7±5.5%) and CeraSorb™ (41±4.9%) was remarkable as well 4 weeks after surgery. Nevertheless, the addition of PRP hardly influenced bony regeneration, ceramic degradation or cytokine expression when bone substitutes were applied. At 12 weeks, the level of reossification had adjusted similarly in all groups.Conclusion: PRP did not add additional benefit when xenogenic bone substitutes were used. However, a significant effect on bone regeneration was found in the autogenous group initially when PRP is added.
Effect of implant design on survival and success rates of titanium oral implants: a 10‐year prospective cohort study of the ITI® Dental Implant System
Authors: Karoussis Ioannis K. , Brägger Urs , Salvi Giovanni E. , Bürgin Walter , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAim: The aim of this 10‐year study (observation time 8–12 years, mean: 10 years) was to compare the survival rates, success rates and incidences of biological complications using three different implant designs of the ITI® Dental Implant System.Material and methods: In 89 dental patients treated comprehensively, a total of 112 hollow screw (HS), 49 hollow cylinder (HC) and 18 angulated hollow cylinder (AHC) implants were installed depending on the available bone volume and according to prosthetic needs. One and 10 years after surgical placement, clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed. The incidences of peri‐implantitis according to various thresholds were registered over 10 years of maintenance.Results: Success criteria at 10 years were set at: pocket probing depth (PPD)5 mm, bleeding on probing (BoP)−, bone loss < 0.2 mm annually. The survival rate for HS was 95.4%, for HC 85.7% and for AHC 91.7%. Ninety percent of all the HS, 71% of the HC and 88% of the AHC did not present with an incidence of peri‐implantitis over the 10 years, HC having significantly higher incidence of peri‐implantitis than HS (P< 0.004). With the success criteria set above, a success rate for HS of 74%, for HC of 63% and for AHC of 61% was identified at 10 years. However, including a definition of PPD6 mm, BoP − and bone loss < 0.2 mm annually for success, the rates for HS were 78%, for HC 65% and for AHC 67%, respectively. Basing success criteria purely on clinical parameters (without radiographic analysis), such as: PPD5 mm and BoP−, the success rates increased to 90%, 76% and 89%, respectively. With PPD6 mm and BoP – as success criteria chosen, the respective rates were 94%, 82% and 94% for HS, HC and AHC implants, respectively.Conclusions: A significantly higher survival rate as well as a significantly lower incidence of peri‐implantitis was identified for hollow screw design ITI® Dental Implants after 10 years of service when compared to hollow cylinder design ITI® Dental Implants (95.4% vs. 85.7%; 10% vs. 29%). Depending on the setting of the threshold criteria for success, success rates are highly variable and hence, reporting of success rates with elaboration on the criteria set appears crucial for comparison of different studies.
Histologic findings at augmented bone areas supplied with two different bone substitute materials combined with sinus floor lifting
Authors: Ewers Rolf , Goriwoda Walter , Schopper Christian , Moser Doris , Spassova Else 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:This case report is focused on the histologic findings of bone tissue supplied with two different hydroxyapatites (HAs) used for maxillary sinus floor grafting in the same patient after various healing intervals. An insufficient unilateral sinus floor grafting with Bio‐Oss® biomaterial was followed by an additional grafting procedure with Algipore® biomaterial performed 4 years later. Bone samples obtained during second‐stage dental implantation contained the interesting combination of Bio‐Oss®, a bovine anorganic bone substitute, and Algipore®, a porous algae‐derived HA, in close vicinity, yet after different healing periods. Light microscopy exhibited satisfactory osseointegration of both grafting materials. However, Bio‐Oss® biomaterial showed no evidence of substantial remodeling after a healing period of 4.5 years. On the other hand, Algipore® particles demonstrated signs of remodeling by being locally resorbed and partially replaced with newly formed bone already within 6 months.
Immediate occlusal loading of Osseotite implants in the lower edentulous jaw
Authors: Testori Tiziano , Meltzer Alan , Fabbro Massimo Del , Zuffetti Francesco , Troiano Miguel , Francetti Luca , Weinstein Roberto Lodovico 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Objective: This paper reports the results of a prospective multicenter clinical study on immediately fully occlusally loaded full‐arch screw‐retained prostheses with distal extensions (hybrid prostheses) supported by Osseotite implants inserted in edentulous lower jaws.Method and material: Sixty‐two patients were enrolled in four clinical centers. Three hundred and twenty‐five Osseotite implants were inserted and occlusally loaded according to an immediate loading protocol. The temporary prosthesis was delivered 4 h from surgery. The final prosthesis was delivered after 6 months. Marginal bone loss was monitored from periapical radiographs using a computerized technique.Results: Two implants failed to integrate within 2 months of occlusal loading. A cumulative implant success rate of 99.4% was achieved for a period of 12–60 months postplacement (mean 28.6±14.1 (SD) months). Crestal bone loss around the immediately loaded implants was similar to that reported for standard delayed loading protocols.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible by an immediate occlusally loaded hybrid prosthesis supported by five to six Osseotite implants represents a viable alternative treatment to classic delayed loading protocols.
Problems related to an intraoral approach for experimental surgery on minipigs
Authors: Olsen Mikal Lynge , Aaboe Merete , Hjørting‐Hansen Erik , Hansen Axel Kornerup 
Published: December 2004

Abstract:The purpose of the present study was to compare block and particulated bone grafts for jaw augmentation in combination with immediate implant placement. Bone defects measuring 10 mm × 10 mm × 30 mm were prepared on each side of the mandible of eight minipigs. After a healing period of 3 months, the defects in four animals were augmented with iliac crest grafts as a block or particulated graft, combined with immediate implant insertion. Clinical inspection was performed after 14 days. Complete exposure of grafts and implants was discovered. The surgical procedures were altered in the fifth animal. Inspection was made after 4 days showing no alterations. However, after another 7 days, grafts and implants were exposed. Consequently, the study was discontinued and all eight animals were killed. It is concluded that an intraoral approach is not applicable for this type of experimental surgery in minipigs. This paper describes some of the presumed reasons for the failure of the study.
Hard‐tissue alterations following immediate implant placement in extraction sites
Authors: Botticelli Daniele , Berglundh Tord , Lindhe Jan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBackground: The marginal gap that may occur following implant installation in an extraction socket may be resolved by hard‐tissue fill during healing.Objective: To study dimensional alterations of hard tissues that occur following tooth extraction and immediate placement of implants.Material and methods: Eighteen subjects with a total of 21 teeth scheduled for extraction were included. Following flap elevation and the removal of a tooth and implant installation, clinical measurements were made to characterize the dimension of the surrounding bone walls, as well as the marginal defect. No membranes or filler material was used. The flaps were subsequently replaced and secured with sutures in such a way that the healing cap of the implant was exposed to the oral environment. After 4 months of healing a re‐entry procedure was performed and the clinical measurements were repeated.Results: Fifty‐two marginal defects exceeding 3 mm were present at baseline: 21 at buccal, 17 at lingual/palatal, and 14 at approximal surfaces. At the re‐entry eight defects exceeding 3.0 mm remained. During the 4 months of healing, the bone walls of the extraction underwent marked change. The horizontal resorption of the buccal bone dimension amounted to about 56%. The corresponding resorption of the lingual/palatal bone was 30%. The vertical bone crest resorption amounted to 0.3±0.6 mm (buccal), 0.6±1.0 mm (lingual/palatal), 0.2±0.7 mm (mesial), and 0.5±0.9 mm (distal).Conclusion: The marginal gap that occurred between the metal rod and the bone tissue following implant installation in an extraction socket may predictably heal with new bone formation and defect resolution. The current results further documented that marginal gaps in buccal and palatal/lingual locations were resolved through new bone formation from the inside of the defects and substantial bone resorption from the outside of the ridge.