bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of social media usage on lifestyle behaviors and health
Authors: Cohen Gregory , Medina Ernesto , Handysides Daniel , Shah Huma , Arechiga Adam , Shih Wendy 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionDespite the increasing popularity of social media, little research has been conducted on its impact on lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes among adults. This study aimed to investigate whether more frequent social media screen time use is associated with poorer lifestyle behaviors, overweight or obesity, and depressive symptoms. Additionally, this study examined the potential use of social media to positively influence health.MethodsAn anonymous one‐time survey was conducted among English‐speaking social media users aged 18–34 in Southern California. Self‐reported height and weight were used to calculate body mass index (BMI), and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) was used to estimate the severity of depressive symptoms. A cumulative risk score for lifestyle behaviors was also tallied. Three focus groups were held with a subset of the survey population to gain insights on social media, lifestyle behaviors, and health. A mixed method analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe survey data of 86 complete cases showed a positive correlation (r = 0.421; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.223, 0.585]) among PHQ‐9 depression scores and negative correlation (r = −0.230; p = 0.033; 95% CI [−0.426, −0.12]) for BMI compared to actual social media screen time usage, respectively. However, social media screen time usage ≥3 h showed no association for either BMI, depressive symptoms, or cumulative risk score. Participants viewed social media as a “double‐edged sword,” providing benefits such as “connection” and “information sharing,” but also having a negative impact on mental health (theme 1). Participants also believed public health needs to take a more proactive role in using social media, while social media platforms should manage the “authenticity” of content and modify their “algorithms” to improve health and lifestyle practices (theme 2).ConclusionsThis study suggested that social media may have some protective benefits related to becoming overweight or obese as indicated by the focus group participants, but further research is needed on the relationship between social media screen time usage and adult mental health. Social media platforms may have the potential to promote positive lifestyle behaviors and improve health if used properly.
In vitro study design derived from an in vivo lifting task
Authors: Brenzel Katharina , Johnen Laura , Praster Maximilian , Blomeyer Nadja , Weiler August , Brandl Christopher , Topol Heiko , Stoffel Marcus , Markert Bernd 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiomechanical properties of the spinal tissue constituents, especially in the intervertebral disc (IVD), contribute to disability and high costs. The IVD is considered to be one of the main etiologies of chronic low back pain. Changes in the biomechanical properties of the spine, especially in the IVD, are related to multiple factors such as type and duration of loading, recovery periods, osmosis, relaxation, and diffusion processes. To quantify spinal burden in vivo, various dose models have been developed in the context of ergonomics research. In our work both in vivo and in vitro studies were conducted to investigate the effects of loading and rest periods alteration on mechanical properties of the spine. A multibody simulation (MBS) was used to translate the collected motion data from the in vivo study into forces and moments as boundary conditions for the in vitro study. An in vitro spine test rig is used to apply axial compression forces and pure moment loading in flexion/extension direction to spinal segments according to the conditions that have been determined in the MBS. In this article, an approach is presented to coordinate the boundary conditions in vivo and in vitro in order to carry out a holistic investigation. In addition, it is shown why cyclic preconditioning seems to be a more suitable preparation of the samples compared to a constant one in this experimental context.
On probabilistic entropies application in uniaxial deformation of hyper‐elastic materials
Authors: Kamiński Marcin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUncertainty quantification and reliability assessment for uniaxial tension of some hyper‐elastic material characterized by a few different constitutive equations is analyzed in this paper. The stretch of hyper‐elastic material is adopted as the Gaussian input with given expected value's range relevant to the experimentation and constant standard deviation. This goal is achieved with the use of the stochastic perturbation technique to calculate the first two probabilistic moments of the increasing tensile stress. Additionally, the Shannon probabilistic entropy fluctuations are determined for this test. Finally, reliability index is calculated using the stress‐based limit function and two reliability approaches–the First Order Reliability Method and the Bhattacharyya relative entropy.
The research landscape of direct, sensory human–nature interactions
Authors: Evans Maldwyn J. , Gaston Kevin J. , Cox Daniel T. C. , Soga Masashi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the human–nature interactions research landscape can benefit researchers by providing insights into the most relevant topics, popular research areas and the distribution of topics across different disciplines, journals and regions.

The research literature on direct human–nature interactions is constituted from a rich and diverse spectrum of disciplines. This multidisciplinary structure poses challenges in keeping up with developments and trends.

We conducted a multidisciplinary text‐analysis review of research on direct, sensory human–nature interactions to understand the main topics of research, the types of interactions, the disciplines within which they manifest in the literature, their growth through time and their global localities and contexts.

Our analysis of 2773 articles showed that there has been recent growth in research interest in positive human–nature interactions that is biased towards high‐income countries. There is a substantial body of research on negative human–nature interactions, mostly from the medical fields, which is distinct from research on positive human–nature interactions in other fields such as ecology, psychology, social science, environmental management and tourism. Of particular note is the very large amount of medical research on the causes and consequences of snake bites, particularly in Asia.

Understanding the relationship between these two contrasting types of interactions is of significant practical importance. More recent attention towards positive human–nature interactions in high‐income societies biases views of the relationship between people and nature.

Research into human–nature interactions needs to take the next step towards a unified and holistic understanding of the benefits and costs of direct experiences with nature. This step is crucial to achieve a more sustainable future that benefits both biodiversity and human society, during great environmental and climatic change.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Stimuli‐responsive properties of double network hydrogels derived from κ‐carrageenan and poly (acrylamide)
Authors: Lv Yajing , Liu Lu , Cao Liqin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe utilization of stretchable, antifreezing hydrogels is imperative when using them as electrolyte membranes and ionic conductors for flexible energy storage devices or electronic skin. However, a problem still persists in the formation of a functional hydrogel with comprehensive performance including antifreezing, temperature‐sensitive, favorable reusability, and self‐healing properties. Herein, through anionic κ‐carrageenan (κ‐CG) as the physical noncovalent crosslinking network of the hydrogel, and acrylamide (AM) as monomers forming the second network through chemical crosslinking, κ‐CG‐Li+/PAM double‐network (DM) hydrogels were obtained by one‐pot thermally initiated polymerization. The DM structure showed excellent fracture strain and strong breaking stress, and lithium ions ensure its good electrical conductivity. The transparency of the hydrogel could reach above 91.0%, and the freezing point of the resultant gel was −34.9°C, which was measured by differential scanning calorimetry at low temperature. The as‐synthesized DM gel exhibited robust tensile properties with tensile elongation of 1840% and fracture energy of 967.3 kJ/m3. The response sensitivity of the hydrogel as a wearable sensor in different environments was explored. κ‐CG‐Li+/PAM could not only respond in the large strain range of 100%–400% but also capture the change in 0.1% strain. The deformation sensitivity was GF = 1.83 at 200% compressive strain range, and the hydrogel had a pressure sensitivity of 2.71 kPa−1 over the pressure range of 0–5 kPa. In addition to the properties of ionic conductive hydrogels, the hydrogel demonstrated outstanding temperature sensitivity in the human body temperature range of 35°C–40°C or in the range of 20°C–60°C (TCR = 1.628/°C).
The bodily threat monitoring scale: Development and preliminary validation in adult and childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Heathcote Lauren C. , Webster Sarah N. , Loecher Nele , Spunt Sheri L. , Simon Pamela , Pradhan Poorva , Coutts‐Bain Daelin , Sharpe Louise , Tutelman Perri R. , Simons Laura E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveBodily threat monitoring is a core clinical feature of Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and is targeted in psycho‐oncology treatments, yet no comprehensive self‐report measure exists. The aim of this study was the theory‐informed development and initial validation of the Bodily Threat Monitoring Scale (BTMS).MethodsAdult survivors of breast and gynaecological cancers (Study 1: N = 306, age = 37–81 years) and childhood cancer survivors (Study 2: N = 126, age = 10–25 years) completed the BTMS, designed to assess how individuals monitor for and interpret uncertain symptoms as indicating that something is wrong with their body. Participants completed measures to assess construct and criterion validity of the BTMS, and childhood cancer survivors (Study 2) completed the BTMS again 2 weeks later to assess test‐retest reliability.ResultsThe 19‐item BTMS demonstrated excellent internal consistency across adult and childhood cancer samples (α = 0.90–0.96). Factor analyses indicated two subscales capturing 1. Monitoring of bodily sensations and 2. Threatening interpretations of bodily sensations. Two‐week stability estimates were acceptable. For construct validity, the BTMS correlated with body vigilance and anxiety sensitivity. The BTMS also demonstrated criterion validity, yielding significant associations with FCR, intolerance of uncertainty, help‐seeking behaviours, and quality of life. The BTMS was associated with FCR while controlling for body vigilance and anxiety sensitivity, indicating a unique contribution of this theory‐informed measure.ConclusionsThe BTMS shows evidence of sound psychometric properties and could be used to elucidate the role of bodily threat monitoring in the maintenance and management of FCR.
Syntheses and characterization of isotopically labeled 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB)**
Authors: Racoveanu Ana , Coffee Keith R. , Panasci‐Nott Adele F. , Koroglu Batikan , Colla Christopher A. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Morrison Keith D. , Reynolds John G. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of chemical analogues of TATB, where specific atoms in the structure have been isotopically substituted, are reported. 15N, 2H, and 18O have replaced the naturally occurring isotope distributions in the amino and/or the nitro attendant sites and 13C has replaced the carbon in the ring structure. A modified wet‐amination method was used to produce the analogues, and the isotopic replacements were performed by selective choice of labeled precursors. Four 15N‐labeled compounds (N replaced in the amino and nitro positions), two deuterium‐labeled compounds (hydrogens replaced on the amino groups), and one 13C‐labeled compound (C in the ring substituted) were synthesized of high isotopic and chemical purity. One partially labeled 18O‐labeled compound (O in the nitro position) was a result of incomplete labeling due to exchange reactions during synthesis. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods – mass spectrometry (MS), solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS‐NMR), infrared (FTIR), powder x‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), depending upon the substitution. These compounds have been critical to the efforts in understanding the decomposition pathways of TATB when exposed to abnormal thermal environments.
Exploring factors affecting the conversion of the coefficient of restitution to equivalent free fall drop height
Authors: Lin Kang , Ge Changfeng , Qian Jing , Guo Tao , Xia Sixuan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe coefficient of restitution (COR) is used to estimate the equivalent free fall drop height of packaging during handling and transportation. Various experimental studies were designed to explore factors affecting the conversion of the COR to equivalent free fall drop height. These factors include the number of drops, drop height, drop orientation, drop base, temperature and humidity on the COR. The results indicate that the number of drops and drop orientation are the two most influential factors affecting COR values. As the package undergoes more drops, the COR increases. Among the various orientations, the COR is largest for flat drops, followed by edge and corner orientations. Within flat drops, a smaller impact area results in a smaller COR. Manufacturing joints and the flats, edges and corners adjacent to manufacturing joints tend to yield smaller COR values. A COR correction matrix was developed to correct the conventional COR calculation. This matrix allows engineers to refine COR values based on the number of drops and drop orientations in the field. The matrix‐corrected equivalent free fall drop heights demonstrated an average accuracy of 96%. Compared to the conventional COR calculation method, it effectively reduces errors by a factor of 2–3.
Toward a strongly coupled assimilation in the Earth System Prediction Capability system
Authors: Yaremchuk M. , Barron C. N. , Crawford W. , DeHaan C. , Rowley C. , Ruston B. , Townsend T. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe assess a possibility to efficiently represent the strongly coupled increment in an ocean–atmosphere coupled data assimilation (DA) system by applying an iterative procedure involving uncoupled solvers and the weakly coupled analysis as a first guess approximation to the strongly coupled increment. Using the output of the ensemble‐based weakly coupled DA system, we explore convergence of the approximations to the strongly coupled DA solution by applying the uncoupled solver to a sequence of innovation vectors at various spacetime locations over the global ocean grid. The results demonstrate that, in general, fewer than two iterations are required to approximate the coupled increment in the majority of the locations tested with sufficient (3%) accuracy given the uncertainty of the background error covariance estimated from the limited number of the ensemble members. We assess the impact of data thinning and hybridization of the background error covariance model on the convergence of the iterative approximations to the strongly coupled increment. An empirical relationship between the spectral radius of the expansion matrix and convergence rate is obtained.
Vertically Stacked Transparent Organic Photodetectors for Light Intensity‐Independent Wavelength Recognition
Authors: Song Yinyin , Jiang Qianqing , Liu Dianyi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWavelength recognition is one of the important functions of photodetectors. However, wavelength recognition of the reported photodetectors generally depends on light intensity, which limits the practical applications. Here, a light intensity‐independent wavelength recognition scheme based on vertically stacked transparent photodetectors is reported. By analyzing light intensity attenuation behavior in the multiple stacked photodetectors, the wavelength of incident light can be accurately determined. Due to the high transparency of the detectors, the multiple stacked detectors allow incident light to pass through. Meanwhile, since the attenuation coefficients at different wavelengths are attributed to the detector's absorption characteristics, the intensity of incident light and its wavelength can be determined by analyzing the attenuation coefficients measured through each stacked detector. Consistent wavelength values obtained at different light intensities verify the light intensity‐independence of the multistacked detector system.
Zum Biegeknicken von Sandwichelementen
Authors: Janczyk Kevin , Nonn Jonas , Kuhnhenne Markus , Feldmann Markus 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSandwichelemente stellen eines der markführenden Systeme für die Gebäudehülle im Industrie‐ und Gewerbebau dar. Ein weiterer Anwendungsbereich sind bspw. Kühlräume, welche ausschließlich aus Sandwichelementen ohne Unterkonstruktion und Primärtragstruktur realisiert werden. Hierbei werden die Sandwichelemente, die als Wandelemente eingesetzt werden, axial belastet. Ein auf Spannungsnachweisen basierendes Bemessungskonzept von Sandwichelementen unter axialer Beanspruchung findet sich im Entwurf des neuen Eurocode 3 prEN 1993‐7 „Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten – Sandwichelemente“. Ein Nachweiskonzept, welches auf den geometrischen und strukturellen Imperfektionen und der tatsächlichen Tragfähigkeit der Elemente basiert, ist weder in der Literatur noch im Entwurf der neuen Norm enthalten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen zum Biegeknicken vorgestellt. Es wird eine Methode präsentiert, welche zukünftig für die Erarbeitung von Knickspannungslinien von Sandwichelementen verwendet werden kann.
Creating Pure Spaces: Edifices, Domesticity and the Temperance Movement
Authors: Ratschiller Nasim Linda Maria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that the religious ideal of purity could only be maintained in the long run if there were spaces where it held true in an exemplary fashion. Therefore, the Basel missionaries aspired to create pure spaces in the form of Christian villages, domestic safe havens and sobriety societies. A central policy of the Basel Mission consisted of establishing separate Christian settlements for their parishioners within rural contexts, referred to as “salems” in West Africa. The Pietist family model formed the core of the civilising project, in which women and domesticity ultimately guaranteed the perpetuation of cleanliness and purity. The struggle for what missionaries perceived as the reinvigoration of the Christian family among the poor at home and the heathens abroad was a transregional expression of Pietist purity efforts. The temperance movement offers another example of how born-again Christians in both Europe and West Africa aspired to create pure spaces, where the people they sought to protect would find shelter from the seemingly harmful consequences of modern life.
Therapiealgorithmus der Patellainstabilität
Authors: Wierer G. , Pfeiffer T. , Schlumberger M. , Dirisamer F. , Attal R. , Becher Ch. , Frings J. , Hinz M. , Kappel P. , Keshmiri A. , Liebensteiner M. , Nelitz M. , Pagenstert G. , Runer A. , Wagner D. , Zimmermann F. , Schöttle P. , Seitlinger G. , Balcarek P. 
Published: November 2023

ZusammenfassungDer „AGA Therapiealgorithmus der Patellainstabilität“ (ATAPI) basiert auf der klinischen Untersuchung, der Bildgebung und dem daraus resultierenden Risikoprofil. Im ersten Schritt wird eine mögliche Flake-Fraktur mittels Bildgebung detektiert. Im zweiten Schritt wird das individuelle Risiko einer Reluxation in Abhängigkeit der vorliegenden anatomischen und epidemiologischen Parameter erfasst. Bei niedrigem Risikoprofil ohne Flake-Fraktur wird primär die konservative Therapie empfohlen. Bei vorhandener Flake-Fraktur wird eine Refixation des Fragments angestrebt. Eine zusätzliche Rekonstruktion des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments (MPFL) senkt das Reluxationsrisiko deutlich und wird auch als Grundpfeiler der operativen Therapie gesehen. Je nach Risikoprofil werden weitere Zusatzeingriffe in Erwägung gezogen. Somit besteht auch bei Patellaluxation ohne Flake-Fraktur aber hohem Risikoprofil die Indikation zur Operation.
Comparing perfomance abstractions for collective adaptive systems
Authors: Murgia Maurizio , Pinciroli Riccardo , Trubiani Catia , Tuosto Emilio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNon-functional properties of collective adaptive systems (CAS) are of paramount relevance practically in any application. This paper compares two recently proposed approaches to quantitative modelling that exploit different system abstractions: the first is based on generalised stochastic Petri nets, and the second is based on queueing networks. Through a case study involving autonomous robots, we analyse and discuss the relative merits of the approaches. This is done by considering three scenarios which differ on the architecture used to coordinate the distributed components. Our experimental results assess a high accuracy when comparing model-based performance analysis results derived from two different quantitative abstractions for CAS.
Enzymatic synthesis of polypeptides in natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Hernández-Alonso Ángel , Pérez-García Vanessa , López-Medina Jared , Cedeño-Caero Luis , Trapala Jonathan , Montiel Carmina , Bustos-Jaimes Ismael , Gimeno Miquel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe are first to report the protease-catalyzed polypeptide synthesis in the natural deep eutectic solvent (DES) choline chloride/glycerol (ChCl:Gly) at a 1:2 molar ratio with 30 vol% of water using subtilisin Carlsberg (alkaline protease fromBacillus licheniformis). Poly-L-phenylalanine, poly-a-L-lysine, and the co-polypeptides poly(L-phenylalanine-a-L-lysine) as model polypeptides are produced from amino acid ester substrates in 40–70% yield and molecular weights ranging from 5 to 14 KDa according to dynamic light scattering (DLS). The natural DES is composed of 30 vol% water, whereas no polypeptides are formed at lower water contents. Poly-L-phenylalanine displays supramolecular self-assembly into homogenous nanotubes in water/isopropyl alcohol mixtures. This enzymatic route to polypeptides has advantages over previous reports in water and polar compressed fluids because of the higher molecular weights and greener process, respectively.