bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface functionalization of carbon fiber by hydrothermally synthesized ZnO nanostructures for mechanical strengthening of polymer composites
Authors: Rai Ravi Shankar , Bajpai Vivek 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effects of ZnO nanostructure‐surface functionalized carbon fibers has been examined along with their impacts on mechanical attributes of resulting hybrid carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. The procedure involves hydrothermally generating ZnO nanostructures on carbon fibers. To generate hybrid composites, the modified carbon fiber fabric is then utilized as reinforcement in a matrix made of bisphenol‐A epoxy resin and polymer. The electron microscopy technique was employed to study development phenomenon of nanostructures on the fiber. According to the findings, lengthening the growth treatment and increasing seeding cycles improves the rate of ZnO formation. However, the results are not significantly impacted by the growth solution's concentration. The weight change analysis, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐spectroscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy all provide additional support for these conclusions. In comparison to plain CFRP composites, the developed hybrid CFRP composites tensile properties and impact resistance are significantly better. The ZnO‐modified CFRP composites exhibit improvements in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and in‐plane shear strength of up to 46.44%, 48.63%, and 20.79%, respectively. The hybrid composites' capacity to absorb impact energy also rises by 76%. Based on these results, the developed hybrid composites exhibit promising properties for applications in industries such as aircraft and automobile manufacturing. They offer high impact strength, high modulus, lightweight characteristics, and low void content, making them desirable materials for these industries.Highlights
Controlled growth of vertically aligned ZnO nanostructures on fiber surface has been accomplished using hydrothermal method.
Characteristics of CFRP composites such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, in‐plane shear strength, and impact energy absorption, were significantly enhanced on inclusion of ZnO.
The developed hybrid composites offer cost‐effective solutions with improved mechanical properties.
High impact strength and modulus make them suitable for applications in aircraft and automobile industries.
Achieved exceptional morphological structure and enhanced surface‐to‐volume ratio.
Design of dual‐conductive polyacrylonitrile‐based composite nanofiber: Synergistic effect of copper nanoparticles decorated‐boron nitride and polyaniline
Authors: Orhun Zümer , Doğan Deniz , Erdem Ümit , Yıldırım Gürcan , Pehlivanlı Zühtü Onur , Metin Ayşegül Ülkü 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConductive composite nanofibers are promising materials, especially wearable strain sensors, due to their lightweight, breathability, flexibility, and skin affinity. Here, we propose a dual‐conductive network by the sequential decoration of amin‐modified boron nitride nanosheets (BN), copper nanoparticles (Cu), and polyaniline (PANI) into the elastic thermoplastic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber. The Cu nanoparticles/BN‐enwrapped PANI nanocomposite was synthesized using successive environmentally friendly reduction and chemical oxidation polymerization. First, Cu (II) ions were immobilized on modified BN and reduced with L‐ascorbic acid (BN@Cu), followed by a chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline using ammonium persulfate as an initiator (BN@Cu/PANI). The XRD (X‐ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and TEM/EDXS (Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy) analysis confirmed the coexistence of the BN@Cu/PANI phase and composition. The DC electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI nanocomposite (0.567 S/cm) was quietly higher than PANI (0.167 S/cm) and BN@Cu (0.077 S/cm). The thermal conductivity of BN@Cu and BN@Cu/PANI was 0.626 and 0.444 W/mK, respectively. The BN@Cu/PANI loaded‐PAN composite nanofibers were successfully produced by electrospinning. SEM studies confirmed that the composite nanofibers have uniform fiber structure and suitable BN@Cu/PANI dispersion/distribution within the PAN. BN@Cu/PANI‐reinforced PAN nanofibers showed a 2‐fold decrease in the specific heat capacity and a 50‐fold increase in electrical conductivity of the nanofibers at 10 wt%BN@Cu/PANI loading. This work offers dual‐conductive polymer‐based composites, which can be used in thermal management applications in microelectronics devices.Highlights
The dual‐conductive nanocomposite, BN@Cu/PANI, was prepared a simple, low‐cost method.
BN@Cu/PANI, core/shell nanocomposite, was easily produced this way for the first time.
BN@Cu nanoparticles increased the polymerization rate of PANI.
The thermal and electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI was 0.444 W/mK and 0.567 S/cm.
Electrical conductivity of BN@Cu/PANI‐PAN increased 50‐fold increase at 10 wt%BN@Cu/PANI.
Prenatal diagnosis of Hartsfield syndrome with a novel genetic variant
Authors: Rich Matthew , Schroeder Bradley , Manning Courtney , Abbott Mary‐Alice 
Published: November 2023

AbstractA G2P0, 24‐year‐old woman presented at 17 weeks 3 days gestation for a fetal anatomy scan. Ultrasound identified bilateral upper and lower extremity ectrodactyly, semilobar holoprosencephaly, midface hypoplasia, and cleft lip and palate. Amniocentesis for a chromosome microarray demonstrated no significant copy number changes. Whole exome sequencing was subsequently completed, which revealed a de novo, likely pathogenic variant in FGFR1, c.2044G>A (D682N), consistent with FGFR1‐related Hartsfield syndrome. This case highlights the first presumed molecularly confirmed prenatal diagnosis of Hartsfield syndrome and identifies a new pathogenic variant.
Cellular control of protein levels: A systems biology perspective
Authors: Munro Victoria , Kelly Van , Messner Christoph B. , Kustatscher Georg 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHow cells regulate protein levels is a central question of biology. Over the past decades, molecular biology research has provided profound insights into the mechanisms and the molecular machinery governing each step of the gene expression process, from transcription to protein degradation. Recent advances in transcriptomics and proteomics have complemented our understanding of these fundamental cellular processes with a quantitative, systems‐level perspective. Multi‐omic studies revealed significant quantitative, kinetic and functional differences between the genome, transcriptome and proteome. While protein levels often correlate with mRNA levels, quantitative investigations have demonstrated a substantial impact of translation and protein degradation on protein expression control. In addition, protein‐level regulation appears to play a crucial role in buffering protein abundances against undesirable mRNA expression variation. These findings have practical implications for many fields, including gene function prediction and precision medicine.
Trends in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and respiratory support among extremely preterm infants in China over a decade
Authors: Zhu Zhicheng , He Yue , Yuan Lin , Chen Liping , Yu Yonghui , Liu Ling , Sun Huiqing , Xu Liping , Wei Qiufen , Cui Shudong , Lai Chunhua , Zhang Juan , Tan Yuan , Yu Xinqiao , Jiang Chunming , Chen Chao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most serious complications affecting extremely preterm infants. We aimed to evaluate temporal trends in BPD and administration of respiratory support among extremely preterm infants in China over a decade.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from a multicenter database, which included infants born less than 28 weeks' gestation discharged from 68 tertiary neonatal care centers in China between 2010 and 2019. Changes in rates and severity of BPD, as well as modalities and duration of respiratory support, were evaluated.ResultsAmong 4808 eligible infants with gestational age (GA) of 21+6/7 to 27+6/7 weeks and a mean (SD) birth weight of 980 (177) g, no significant change of median GA was found over time. Overall, 780 (16.2%) infants died before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, 2415 (50.2%) were classified as having no BPD, 917 (19.1%) developed Grade 1 BPD, 578 (12.0%) developed Grade 2 BPD, and 118 (2.5%) developed Grade 3 BPD. The rate of BPD increased from 20.8% in 2010 to 40.7% in 2019 (aRR for trend, 1.081; 95% confidence interval, 1.062–1.099), especially for Grade 1 and Grade 2. Although survival to discharge improved over the decade, the overall survival without BPD did not change during the study period. The use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remained unchanged. However, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) increased from 71.5% in 2010 to 89.8% in 2019. Moreover, the median duration of NIV increased over time, from 17.0 (4.8, 34.0) days in 2010 to 33.0 (21.0, 44.0) days in 2019, without significant change in the duration of IMV.ConclusionsAlthough survival increased over the decade and respiratory support practices changed significantly between 2010 and 2019 in China, with increased use and duration of NIV, there was an increased rate of BPD and survival without BPD has not improved.
A systematic review of antimicrobial therapy in children with tracheostomies
Authors: Pearce Helen , Talks Benjamin James , Powell Steven , Brodlie Malcolm , Powell Jason 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTracheostomies are indicated in children to facilitate long‐term ventilatory support, aid in the management of secretions, or manage upper airway obstruction. Children with tracheostomies often experience ongoing airway complications, of which respiratory tract infections are common. They subsequently receive frequent courses of broad‐spectrum antimicrobials for the prevention or treatment of respiratory tract infections. However, there is little consensus in practice with regard to the indication for treatment/prophylactic antimicrobial use, choice of antimicrobial, route of administration, or duration of treatment between different centers. Routine antibiotic use is associated with adverse effects and an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. Tracheal cultures are commonly obtained from pediatric tracheostomy patients, with the aim of helping guide antimicrobial therapy choice. However, a positive culture alone is not diagnostic of infection and the role of routine surveillance cultures remains contentious. Inhaled antimicrobial use is also widespread in the management of tracheostomy‐associated infections; this is largely based on the theoretical benefits of higher airway antibiotic concentrations. The role of prophylactic inhaled antimicrobial use for tracheostomy‐associated infections remains largely unproven. This systematic review summarizes the current evidence base for antimicrobial selection, duration, and administration route in pediatric tracheostomy‐associated infections. It also highlights significant variation in practice between centers and the urgent need for further prospective evidence to guide the management of these vulnerable patients.
The migrant perspective: Measuring migrants' movements and interests using geolocated tweets
Authors: Mast Johannes , Sapena Marta , Mühlbauer Martin , Biewer Carolin , Taubenböck Hannes 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGeolocated social media data hold a hitherto untapped potential for exploring the relationship between user mobility and their interests at a large scale. Using geolocated Twitter data from Nigeria, we provide a feasibility study that demonstrates how the linkage of (1) a trajectory analysis of Twitter users' geolocation and (2) natural language processing of Twitter users' text content can reveal information about the interests of migrants. After identifying migrants via a trajectory analysis, we train a language model to automatically detect the topics of the migrants' tweets. Biases of manual labelling are circumvented by learning community‐defined topics from a Nigerian web forum. Results suggest that differences in users' mobility correlate with varying interests in several topics, most notably religion. We find that Twitter data can be a flexible source for exploring the link between users' mobility and interests in large‐scale analyses of urban populations. The joint use of spatial techniques and text analysis enables migration researchers to (a) study migrant perspectives in greater detail than is possible with census data and (b) at a larger scale than is feasible with interviews. Thereby, it provides a valuable complement to interviews, surveys and censuses, and holds a large potential for further research.
Simultaneously Geometrical and Electronic Modulation of L10‐PtZn by Trace Ge Boosts High‐performance Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Shaojie , Hu Yiping , Xia Fanjie , Yang Shaokang , Jiang Shuaihu , Zhou Yu , Ma Dongsheng , Zhang Wenjing , Li Jing , Wu Jinsong , Rao Dewei , Yue Qin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeveloping a highly active, durable, and low‐platinum‐based electrocatalyst for the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is for breaking the bottleneck of large‐scale applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, ultrafine PtZn intermetallic nanoparticles with low Pt‐loading and trace germanium (Ge) involvement confined in the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (Ge‐L10‐PtZn@N‐C) are reported. The Ge‐L10‐PtZn@N‐C exhibit superior ORR activity with a mass activity of 3.04 A mg−1Pt and specific activity of 4.69 mA cm–2, ≈12.2‐ and 10.2‐times improvement compared to the commercial Pt/C (20%) at 0.90 V in 0.1 m KOH. The cathodic catalyst Ge‐L10‐PtZn@N‐C assembled in the PEMFC shows encouraging peak power densities of 316.5 (at 0.86 V) and 417.2 mW cm–2 (at 0.91 V) in alkaline and acidic fuel‐cell, respectively. The combination of experiment and density functional theory calculations (DFT) results robustly reveal that the participation of trace Ge can not only trigger a “growth site locking effect” to effectively inhibit nanoparticle growth, bring miniature nanoparticles, enhance dispersion uniformity, and achieve the exposure of the more electrochemical active site, but also effectively modulates the electronic structure, hence optimizing the adsorption/desorption of the oxygen intermediates.
Ascorbic Acid Induced the Improved Oxygen Vacancy Defects of Bi4O5Br2 and Its Application on Photoelectrochemical Detection of DNA Demethylase MBD2 with Improved Detection Sensitivity
Authors: Cao LuLu , Zhou Yunlei , Gao Lanlan , Yin Huanshun , Zhang Miao , Zhang Haowei , Ju Peng , Dou Kunpeng , Ai Shiyun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOxygen vacancy defects (OVs) are one of the main strategies for nanomaterials modification to improve the photoactivity, but current methods for fabricating OVs are usually complicated and harsh. It is important to develop simple, rapid, safe, and mild methods to fabricate OVs. By studying the effects of different weak reducing agents, the concentration of the reducing agent and the reaction time on fabrication of OVs, it is found that L‐ascorbic acid (AA) gently and rapidly induces the increase of OVs in Bi4O5Br2 at room temperature. The increased OVs not only improve the adsorption of visible light, but also enhance the photocurrent response. Based on this, the preparation of OVs in Bi4O5Br2 is employed to the development of a photoelectrochemical biosensor for the detection of DNA demethylase of methyl‐CpG binding domain protein 2 (MBD2). The biosensor shows a wide linear range of 0.1–400 ng mL−1 and a detection limit as low as 0.03 ng mL−1 (3σ). In addition, the effect of plasticizers on MBD2 activity is evaluated using this sensor. This work not only provides a novel method to prepare OVs in bismuth rich materials, but also explores a new novel evaluation tool for studying the ecotoxicological effects of contaminants.
Embedding Multiple Magnetic Components in Carbon Nanostructures via Metal‐Oxo Cluster Precursor for High‐Efficiency Low‐/Middle‐Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wang Xin , Ou Pinxi , Zheng Qi , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith the advent of wireless technology, magnetic–carbon composites with strong electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption capability in low‐/middle‐frequency range are highly desirable. However, it remains challenging for rational construction of such absorbers bearing multiple magnetic components that show uniform distribution and favorable magnetic loss. Herein, a facile metal‐oxo cluster (MOC) precursor strategy is presented to produce high‐efficiency magnetic carbon composites. Nanosized MOC Fe15 shelled with organic ligands is employed as a novel magnetic precursor, thus allowing in situ formation and uniform deposition of multicomponent magnetic Fe/Fe3O4@Fe3C and Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles on graphene oxides (GOs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), respectively. Owing to the good dispersity and efficient magnetic‐dielectric synergy, quaternary Fe/Fe3O4@Fe3C–GO exhibits strong low‐frequency absorption with RLmin of −53.5 dB at C‐band and absorption bandwidth covering 3.44 GHz, while ultrahigh RLmin of −73.2 dB is achieved at X‐band for ternary Fe/Fe3O4‐CNT. The high performance for quaternary and ternary composites is further supported by the optimal specific EMW absorption performance (‐15.7 dB mm−1 and −31.8 dB mm−1) and radar cross‐section reduction (21.72 dB m2 and 34.37 dB m2). This work provides a new avenue for developing lightweight low‐/middle‐frequency EMW absorbers, and will inspire the investigation of more advanced EMW absorbers with multiple magnetic components and regulated microstructures.
Detektion von Vorspannkraftverlusten in Schraubenverbindungen auf Basis elektromechanischer Impedanzspektren
Authors: Pak Daniel , Sahm Daniel , Dreisbach Anna‐Lena , Fritzen Claus‐Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDas FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekt P 1403 „Detektion von Vorspannkraftverlusten in Schrauben auf Basis elektromechanischer Impedanzspektren“ zielt auf die Entwicklung eines statistisch abgesicherten Verfahrens ab, welches im Rahmen eines Structural Health Monitorings (SHM) eine kostengünstige, kontinuierliche Überwachung von Schraubenkräften in vorgespannten HV‐Verbindungen auf Basis von elektromechanischen Impedanzspektren (EMI) ermöglicht. Die EMI‐Methode basiert auf der indirekten Messung der frequenz‐ und vorspannkraftabhängigen mechanischen Impedanz der Schraube. Im Rahmen des Projekts konnte ein Indikator von den Messdaten abgeleitet werden, der mit der Vorspannkraft korreliert. Des Weiteren wurden im Rahmen des Projekts zusätzliche Effekte auf EMI‐Spektren, die für eine zuverlässige Vorspannkraftüberwachung von dem Einfluss der Vorspannkraft selbst unterschieden werden müssen, untersucht. Hierbei handelt es sich u. a. um den Einfluss der Temperatur. In dieser Veröffentlichung werden diese Einflüsse näher untersucht. Dies geschieht zum einen auf Basis von Simulationen, die mithilfe einer FE‐Software durchgeführt wurden, und zum anderen mithilfe von Experimenten.
Vaccination of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) against high‐pathogenicity avian influenza
Authors: Roberts Laura Christl , Abernethy Darrell , Roberts David Gordon , Ludynia Katrin , O'Kennedy Martha Magaretha , Abolnik Celia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) has become a conservation threat to wild birds. Therefore, suitable vaccine technology and practical application methods require investigation.MethodsTwenty‐four African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) were vaccinated with either a conventional inactivated clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI whole virus or a tobacco leaf‐produced H5 haemagglutinin‐based virus‐like particle (VLP). Six birds received a second dose of the inactivated vaccine. Antibody responses were assessed and compared by employing haemagglutination inhibition tests.ResultsA second dose of inactivated vaccine was required to induce antibody titres above the level required to suppress virus shedding, while a single dose of VLP vaccine produced these levels by day 14, and one bird still had antibodies on day 430.LimitationsBacterial contamination of the VLP vaccine limited the monitoring period and sample size in that treatment group, and it was not possible to perform a challenge study with field virus.ConclusionVLP vaccines offer a more practical option than inactivated whole viruses, especially in logistically challenging situations involving wild birds.
Re-thinking Science Education for the Anthropocene
Authors: Gilbert Jane 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that the arrival of the Anthropocene era requires a substantial re-set of science education. It makes a case for re-orienting science education to foreground meta-level understanding of science (looking at it “from above,” in the social/political/cultural/historical context in which it arose) over science’s “content,” its modes of inquiry, and/or its internal social practices. The chapter posits using deconstruction-based approaches to create, not the “used futures” science education is currently entangled with, but the new futures we need. The approaches set out in the chapter would be quite unlike the forms of science education we know today, but, given science’s role in bringing about the Anthropocene era, that is its central point.
Renormalization group evolution with scalar leptoquarks
Authors: Banik Sumit , Crivellin Andreas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Leptoquarks are theoretically well-motivated and have received increasing attention in recent years as they can explain several hints for physics beyond the Standard Model. In this article, we calculate the renormalisation group evolution of models with scalar leptoquarks. We compute the anomalous dimensions for all couplings (gauge, Yukawa, Higgs and leptoquarks interactions) of the most general Lagrangian at the two-loop level and the corresponding threshold corrections at one-loop. The most relevant analytic results are presented in the appendix, while the notebook containing the full expressions can be downloaded at https://github.com/SumitBanikGit/SLQ-RG. In our phenomenological analysis, we consider some exemplary cases with focus on gauge and Yukawa coupling unification.
Exploiting stochastic locality in lattice QCD: hadronic observables and their uncertainties
Authors: Bruno Mattia , Cè Marco , Francis Anthony , Fritzsch Patrick , Green Jeremy R. , Hansen Maxwell T. , Rago Antonio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Because of the mass gap, lattice QCD simulations exhibit stochastic locality: distant regions of the lattice fluctuate independently. There is a long history of exploiting this to increase statistics by obtaining multiple spatially-separated samples from each gauge field; in the extreme case, we arrive at the master-field approach in which a single gauge field is used. Here we develop techniques for studying hadronic observables using position-space correlators, which are more localized, and compare with the standard time-momentum representation. We also adapt methods for estimating the variance of an observable from autocorrelated Monte Carlo samples to the case of correlated spatially-separated samples.