bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Beam Probing: The New Sheriff in Town for Security Analyzing of Sub- 7nm ICs - Exploring the Advantages of a Post-Photon Emission Technique
Authors: Varshney Nitin , Xi Chengjie , Khan Aslam A , Biswas Liton Kumar , Sorger Volker , Dalir Hamed , Asadizanjani Navid 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The increasing demand for semiconductor chips and the outsourcing of chip fabrication have heightened vulnerability to hardware security threats. While optical probing has been used extensively for semi-invasive/non-invasive attacks, its resolution limits and obsolescence in advanced technologies have necessitated exploring other techniques. Electron-beam probing (EBP) has emerged as a powerful method, offering 20x better spatial resolution than optical probing, and applies to sub- 7nm flip-chips and advanced 3D architecture systems. However, the increased resolution of EBP also poses a threat to sensitive information on these advanced chips, calling for developing countermeasures to secure assets. By understanding the capability of EBP, the potential of using EBP to extract sensitive data such as encryption keys, soft IP, neural network parameters, and proprietary algorithms will be discussed. This paper delves into the principles behind EBP, its capabilities, challenges for this technique, and potential applications in failure analysis and potential attacks. It highlights the need for developing effective countermeasures to protect sensitive information on advanced node technologies.
2D and 3D Metrology and Failure Analysis for High Bandwidth Memory Package by Xe and Ar Plasma-FIB
Authors: Mullen Melissa , McClendon Mark , Stokes Adam , Gu Xiaoting , Carleson Pete 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Continued advancements in the architecture of 3D packaging have increased the challenges in fault isolation and failure analysis (FA), often requiring complex correlative workflows and multiple inference-based methods before targeted root cause analysis (RCA) can be performed. Furthermore, 3D package components such as through-silicon-vias (TSVs) and micro-bumps require sub-surface structural characterization and metrology to aid in process monitoring and development throughout fabrication and integration. Package road-mapping has also called for increased die stacking with decreased pitch, TSV size, and die thickness, and thus requires increased accuracy and precision of various stateof- the-art analytical techniques in the near future. Physical failure analysis (PFA), process monitoring, and process development will therefore depend on reliable, high-resolution data directly measured at the region of interest (ROI) to meet the complexity and scaling challenges. This paper explores the successful application of plasma-FIB (PFIB)/SEM techniques in 2D and 3D regimes and introduces diagonal serial sectioning at package scales as a novel approach for PFA and metrology. Both 2D and 3D analysis will be demonstrated in a high bandwidth memory (HBM) package case-study which can be applied more broadly in 3D packaging.
“Full” Automatic TEM from Imaging to Metrology
Authors: Liu Yong , Carlton Christopher Earl , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
TEM automation is dedicated to providing high-volume, fast and precise TEM data to enable semiconductor manufacturers to develop and control fabrication processes. It automates TEM operation and measurement procedures, and minimizes the requirements of user training. Traditionally, recipes are required for each specific structure, and Automatic TEM Imaging and Metrology had individual recipes for each structure, respectively and separately. TEM professionals review structures and TEM images and manually assign imaging and metrology recipes one by one. After metrology, it is tedious to manually check mis-measurement of hundreds of TEM images and Critical Dimensions (CDs). In this study, An Intelligent TEM automation process was developed by machine learning process that could “fully” automatically conduct TEM Analysis from Imaging to Metrology starting right after TEM holder insertion without human intervention. It is not limited to automatically prepared TEM samples and also works for manually prepared samples. TEM Auto Metrology is carried out automatically right after Auto Imaging in the background. After that, Auto capturing of mis-measurements can be carried out automatically to catch problematic metrology images and CDs as an invaluable complement. As a result, the whole workflow was streamlined, with better efficiency and accuracy achieved.
Complete Compressed Sensing System For Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Principe E.L. , Scammon K.M. , Kempshall B.W. , Hagen J.J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An approach to overcome barriers to practical Compressed Sensing (CS) implementation in serial scanning electron microscopes (SEM) or scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) is presented which integrates scan generator hardware specifically developed for CS, a novel and generalized CS sparse sampling strategy, and an ultra-fast reconstruction method, to form a complete CS system for 2D or 3D scanning probe microscopy. The system is capable of producing a wide variety of highly random sparse sampling scan patterns with any fractional degree of sparsity from 0- 99.9% while not requiring fast beam blanking. Reconstructing a 2kx2k or 4kx4k image requires ~150-300ms. The ultra-fast reconstruction means it is possible to view a dynamic reduced raster reconstructed image based upon a fractional real-time dose. This CS platform provides a framework to explore a rich environment of use cases in CS electron microscopy that benefit from the combination of faster acquisition and reduced probe interaction.
Backside Fault Localization and Defect Physical Analysis of Degraded Power HEMT p-GaN Transistors Stressed in DC and AC Switching Modes
Authors: Ghizzo L. , Guibaud G. , De Nardi C. , Jamin F. , Chazal V. , Trémouilles D. , Monflier R. , Richardeau F. , Bascoul G. , González M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper describes a backside approach methodology for sample preparation, fault localization and physical defect analysis on p-GaN power HEMT electrically stressed in DC voltage surge and AC switching mode. The paper will show that preparation must be adapted according to the defect position (metallurgy, dielectric layers, epitaxy, etc.) which depends on the type of stress applied. In our life-operation mode amplified electrical stress reliability study, the failure analysis will help us to reveal the weakest parts of the transistor design in relation to the type of applied stress. The failure analysis presented in this paper is composed of electrical characterization, defect localization with PEM and LIT, FIB Slice&View, TEM analysis and frontside conductive AFM after a deep HF.
A Correlative Study of Silicon Carbide Power Devices Using Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Cuduvally Ramya , Guerguis Bavley , Langelier Brian , Bassim Nabil D. , Cuduvally Ramya , Andrei Carmen M. , Casagrande Travis , Arcuri Gabriel A. , Langelier Brian , Bassim Nabil D. , Russell Stephen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atom probe tomography is used to characterize the 3D Al dopant distribution within the gate diffusion region of a deconstructed SiC n-channel junction field effect transistor. The data reveals extensive inhomogeneities in the dopant distribution, which manifests as large Al clusters - some of which are ring-shaped and indicative of dopant segregation to lattice defects in the SiC. The presence of defects in the SiC is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of an identical region. Factors that may impact the atom probe data quality and consequently complicate data interpretation are considered, and their severity evaluated. The possible origin of the lattice defects in the SiC and the corresponding implications for device performance and reliability are also discussed. Overall, the utility of atom probe tomography and correlative transmission electron microscopy for revealing potential failure mechanisms of next-generation semiconductor devices is demonstrated.
Detection and Localization of Undesired Quasi-Static Transitions in a Scan Flip-Flop
Authors: Merassi A.A. , Frascolla S. , Sacchi P. , Raimondi M. , Jossa A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this work is to disclose about the difficulties of handling quasi-static transition failures and propose one possible strategy to detect and locate them in a failure analysis test environment with the most appropriate fault localization technique.
Efficient Technique In Decapsulating Mounted Device Using Aluminum Tape
Authors: Saputil John Michael , Pasating Vicente 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In failure analysis, demounting and mounting is one of the steps in preparation for the electrical verification of the device. Performing decapsulation while the unit is mounted on the printed circuit board (PCB) is one of the solutions to limit the repeated demounting, mounting, and re-balling processes. However, it can cause inadvertent damage to the device and the PCB when the acids overflow, which could hinder further electrical verification of the unit. In this study, a new method of decapsulation using aluminum tape is used to protect the device and PCB during the decapsulation process. Results show that the use of aluminum tape is an effective method for decapsulating packaged units on PCB. It can prevent damages such as external lead detachment after demounting, ball pad oxidation, and recovery of device failure due to heat application.
Tomography of Electrical Data in Advanced-Node SRAMs
Authors: Johnson Gregory M. , Hitzel Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A commercially available 6T SRAM was examined with an AFM-in-SEM system. A conductive AFM measurement was taken using an AC bias on the backside of the sample with a linear amplifier on the data. Then using a cone-shaped, diamond AFM tip, subsequent scans were made over the field of view at increasingly higher downforce until areas of the chip were worn away. The results provide a survey of implants and structure milling from contact level through the wells of the device. An additional experiment was performed with EBAC.
A Practical Tutorial on ATE-Based Electrical Fault Isolation of Digital SoCs Using Photon Emission and Laser Voltage Imaging/Probing
Authors: Endrinal Lesly 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2023 Tutorial session “A Practical Tutorial on ATE-Based Electrical Fault Isolation of Digital SoCs Using Photon Emission and Laser Voltage Imaging/Probing.”
Power Semiconductor Failure Analysis Tutorial
Authors: Johnson Greg , Rummel Andreas , Huang Chengliang , Mello Domenico , Hitzel Frank , Stegmann Heiko , Terada Hirotoshi , Byrnes John , Goswami Shubhodeep 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Presentation slides for the ISTFA 2023 Tutorial session “Power Semiconductor Failure Analysis Tutorial.”
ANALISIS STANDARISASI LABORATORIUM FISIKA PADA ASPEK SARANA PRASARANA, DAN PENGAWASAN DI SMAN AMBULU
Authors: Putri Fidia Alhikmah , Solehah Mufidatus , Agustin Aulia Wulansari , Adelia Yesica Listian , Malihah Berlian Marsha , Almaidah Almaidah , Nuraini Lailatul 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui standarisasi laboratorium fisika pada aspek sarana praarana serta pengawasan yang ada di SMAN Ambulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini adalah kepala laboratorium fisika, pengelola laboratorium fisika, guru mata pelajaran fisika, dan sarana prasarana laboratorium fisika di SMAN Ambulu. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung ke tempat, wawancara secara langsung kepada pihak sasaran penelitian, dan mengambil dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan melalui data yaitu perabotan dengan presentase 100% dikategorikan sangat baik, peralatan dengan presentase 84,2% dikategorikan sangat baik, alat percobaan 64,6% dikategorikan cukup baik, media pendidikan 100% dikategorikan sangat baik, dan perlengkapan lain 86,9% dikategorikan sangat baik, sehingga diperoleh rata-rata 87,2% yang artinya sangat baik.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM TURBIN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA MIKROHIDRO PADA DAERAH IRIGASI SAWAH ALIRAN RENDAH
Authors: Abimanyu Yanuar , Sudarti Sudarti , Yushardi Yushardi 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi dari sumber energi terbarukan yang ada di indonesia. Sumber energi terbarukan di indonesia salah satunya adalah energi air, pemanfaatan energi air banyak sekali diterapkan pada konsep pembangkit listrik tenaga air (PLTA) atau pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro ( PLTMH ). Selain untuk mengetahui potensi sumber energi terbarukan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai karakteristik pada rancangan sistem turbin. Rancangan sistem turbin yang digunakan pada PLTMH memiliki karakteristik tertentu tergantung daerah aliran yang dijadikan pembangunan pembangkit listrik tenaga mikrohidro. Bentuk turbin sangat berpengaruh pada penghasilan energi listrik tenaga air, dikarenakan bentuk turbin akan menentukan hasil putaran pada sebuah generator. Karakteristik turbin yang cocok pada aliran irigasi sawah aliran rendah adalah turbin dengan jenis Crossflow, turbin crossflow merupakan turbin yang memiliki efisiensi yang baik untuk diterapkan pada aliran rendah seperti aliran irigasi sawah. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode kajian literatur sebagai komponen utama, dengan membandingkan literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan. Setelah dilakukan kajian literatur akan dilakukan desain sederhana menggunakan sistem software untuk mengatur rancangan turbin yang sesuai. Dengan adanya rancang bangun sistem turbin diharapkan bisa memaksimalkan pemanfaatan terhadap sumber energi air sebagai energi terbarukan daerah kecil pada kawasan pertanian dan sungai.
Deliniasi Struktur Sesar Lampung-Panjang dan Identifikasi Potensi Sumberdaya Alam Berdasarkan Anomali Magnet Daerah Bandar Lampung
Authors: Sulandari Brahmeswari , Suteja Aji , Hadibroto Hantoro , Nurmaliah  , Setyanta Budi , Garniwa Agus 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRAK - Kemenerusan Sesar Lampung-Panjang dan kelurusan struktur bawah permukaan di daerah Bandar Lampung dan sekitarnya diidentifikasi menggunakan metode magnet. Pengukuran data magnet dilakukan pada 486 titik dengan interval 2-5 km. Pemisahan anomali regional dan residual serta filter horizontal derivative pada data digunakan untuk proses interpretasi. Pola kelurusan dominan berarah barat barat laut – timur tenggara dan timur laut - barat daya. Sesar Lampung-Panjang diinterpretasikan berada pada kedalaman dalam hingga dangkal berkisar 3 hinga 0,5 km. Di sekitar Kota Bandar Lampung juga ditemukan kelurusan struktur berarah barat laut - tenggara dan barat daya - timur laut, hal ini diprediksi memberikan pengaruh terhadap kejadian gempa di Daerah Bandar Lampung. Pada Peta Reduksi ke Kutub (RTP), respons anomali magnet rendah di bagian utara diinterpretasikan sebagai subcekungan sedimen yang merupakan kemenerusan dari Subcekungan Palembang Selatan. Pada peta anomali magnet residual ditemukan adanya anomali magnet tinggi dengan pola intrusi di sekitar Gunung Betung. Anomali magnet rendah di sekitar barat daya daerah penyelidikan yaitu di sekitar Gunung Betung, diinterpretasikan sebagai hasil proses demagnetisasi sehingga daerah tersebut memiliki indikasi potensi panas bumi.
Katakunci : anomali magnet, kelurusan struktur, reduksi ke kutub, Sesar Lampung-Panjang
Tantangan Penegakkan Diagnosis Herpes Associated Erythema Multiforme melalui Teledentistry: Laporan Kasus
Authors: Nurfianti Nurfianti 
Published: November 2023

Pendahuluan: Teledentistry merupakan layanan kedokteran gigi menggunakan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk menghubungkan pasien yang hidup di daerah pedesaan, pada masa pandemi menjadi solusi sebagai layanan kesehatan gigi dan merupakan solusi dalam situasi pandemi. Erythema Multiforme (EM) adalah reaksi hipersensitivitas mukokutan akut dan self-limiting yang dipicu oleh infeksi dan obat-obatan tertentu. Salah satu faktor predisposisi yang paling umum untuk Erythema multiforme adalah infeksi virus herpes simpleks (HSV). Hubungan antara infeksi HSV dan EM disebut Herpes Associated Erythema Multiforme (HAEM). Laporan Kasus: Seorang pasien perempuan berusia 20 tahun, berkonsultasi melalui teledentistry dengan keluhan bibir bengkak dan ulserasi oral sejak 2 minggu yang lalu, dan didahului dengan demam. Pasien menggunakan salep herbal untuk terapi luka pada bibir. Pemberian Acyclovir memberikan respon dengan adanya penyembuhan lesi. Pembahasan: Herpes Associated Erythema Multiforme adalah penyakit kulit dan mukosa eksudatif akut yang dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi virus herpes simpleks. Penegakan diagnosis HAEM melalui Teledentistry memiliki banyak tantangan, kamera smartphone dapat membantu memberikan gambaran sebanding dengan pemeriksaan klinis. Kepatuhan pasien sangat diperlukan dalam melakukan pemeriksaan imunoserologi, dan konsumsi obat yang diberikan. Kesimpulan: Teledentistry merupakan layanan kedokteran gigi yang menggantikan pemeriksaan klinis, sehingga dapat membantu penegakkan diagnosis HAEM
Genomic Island-Encoded Diguanylate Cyclase from Vibrio alginolyticus Regulates Biofilm Formation and Motility in Pseudoalteromonas
Authors: Cai Tongxuan , Tang Huan , Du Xiaofei , Wang Weiquan , Tang Kaihao , Wang Xiaoxue , Liu Dong , Wang Pengxia 
Published: November 2023

Many bacteria use the second messenger c-di-GMP to regulate exopolysaccharide production, biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and other phenotypes. The c-di-GMP level is controlled by the complex network of diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that synthesize and degrade c-di-GMP. In addition to chromosomally encoded DGCs, increasing numbers of DGCs were found to be located on mobile genetic elements. Whether these mobile genetic element-encoded DGCs can modulate the physiological phenotypes in recipient bacteria after horizontal gene transfer should be investigated. In our previous study, a genomic island encoding three DGC proteins (Dgc137, Dgc139, and Dgc140) was characterized in Vibrio alginolyticus isolated from the gastric cavity of the coral Galaxea fascicularis. Here, the effect of the three DGCs in four Pseudoalteromonas strains isolated from coral Galaxea fascicularis and other marine environments was explored. The results showed that when dgc137 is present rather than the three DGC genes, it obviously modulates biofilm formation and bacterial motility in these Pseudoalteromonas strains. Our findings implied that mobile genetic element-encoded DGC could regulate the physiological status of neighboring bacteria in a microbial community by modulating the c-di-GMP level after horizontal gene transfer.
Have Chest Imaging Habits Changed in the Emergency Department after the Pandemic?
Authors: Arıkan Cüneyt , Bora Ejder Saylav , Kanter Efe , Karaarslan Fatma Nur 
Published: November 2023

The rate of patients undergoing tomography in the emergency department has increased in the last two decades. In the last few years, there has been a more significant increase due to the effects of the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the rate of patients who underwent chest imaging in the emergency department, the preferred imaging method, and the demographic characteristics of the patients undergoing imaging during the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients admitted to the emergency department between January 2019 and March 2023. The number of female, male, and total emergency admissions, the rate of patients who underwent chest X-ray (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CCT), and the age and gender distribution of the cases who underwent chest imaging were compared according to the pre-pandemic (January 2019–February 2020), pandemic (March 2020–March 2022), and post-pandemic (April 2022–March 2023) periods. Total emergency admissions were similar in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods (pre-pandemic period: 21,984 ± 2087; post-pandemic period: 22,732 ± 1701). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, the CCT rate increased (pre-pandemic period: 4.9 ± 0.9, post-pandemic period: 7.46 ± 1.2), and the CXR rate decreased (pre-pandemic period: 16.6 ± 1.7%, post-pandemic period: 13.3 ± 1.9%) in the post-pandemic period (p < 0.001). The mean age of patients who underwent chest imaging (CXR; Pre-pandemic period: 56.6 ± 1.1 years; post-pandemic period: 53.3 ± 5.6 years. CCT; Pre-pandemic period: 68.5 ± 1.7 years; post-pandemic period: 61 ± 4.0 years) in the post-pandemic period was lower than in the pre-pandemic period (p < 0.001). Chest imaging preferences in the emergency department have changed during the post-pandemic period. In the post-pandemic period, while younger patients underwent chest imaging in the emergency department, CCT was preferred, and the rate of CXR decreased. It is alarming for public health that patients are exposed to higher doses of radiation at a younger age.
Engagement with emotional concerns in general practice: a thematic analysis of GP consultations
Authors: Nerurkar Louis , van der Scheer Iris , Stevenson Fiona 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundEmotional concerns (defined as any expression of low mood, anxiety, or psychosocial stress) are an important part of the biopsychosocial care model used in modern medical practice. Previous work has demonstrated variable engagement with emotional concerns and that improved communication has been associated with reductions in emotional distress.AimTo examine how emotional concerns are engaged with during routine GP consultations.Design & settingSecondary study using the Harnessing Resources from the Internet (HaRI) database. The available dataset contains 231 recordings from 10 GPs across eight urban and suburban practices recorded in 2017 and 2018.MethodThe dataset was reviewed to identify any consultations containing emotional concerns (as defined as any expression of low mood, anxiety, or psychosocial stress) before being imported into NVivo (version 12) to facilitate thematic analysis and coding. Reflexive inductive thematic analysis resulted in two major themes.ResultsThe two main themes were as follows: engagement with emotional concerns as dynamic throughout consultations; and GPs engage with emotional concerns both diagnostically and therapeutically. In theme 1, this dynamism relates to competing areas of focus, immediate versus delayed engagement and reiteration of concerns throughout consultations. Emotional concerns can be engaged with in a similar way to physical concerns (theme 2) using a diagnostic and treatment-based approach; however, in addition to this, therapeutic listening and conversation is utilised.ConclusionAwareness of the dynamic nature of emotional concerns within consultations and encouraging engagement with concerns in a flexible and patient-oriented manner may help improve doctor–patient communication. In addition, investigating how GPs and patients build shared understanding around emotional concerns may identify methods to reduce patients’ emotional distress.