bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional ultrasound evaluation of fetal tooth germs
Authors: Ulm M. R. , Kratochwil A. , Ulm B. , Solar P. , Aro G. , Bernaschek G. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveA total of 126 genetic syndromes are associated with oligodontia or anodontia. The most frequent of these are ectodermal dysplasias, all types of facial cleft and Down's syndrome. With the advent of three‐dimensional ultrasonography, accurate assessment of many fetal abnormalities has become possible. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of three‐dimensional ultrasonography in the visualization of fetal tooth germs.DesignWe examined 45 women with singleton pregnancies between 16 and 36 gestational weeks who were undergoing routine ultrasound check‐ups for fetal tooth germs with conventional two‐dimensional ultrasonography, followed by three‐dimensional ultrasonography using multiplanar reconstruction.ResultsIn the 45 fetuses studied, fetal tooth germs were visualized at the first attempt in 36 cases (80%). In the group of fetuses aged between 19 and 36 weeks of gestation, the overall detection rate in both jaws was at least 86% for three‐dimensional ultrasonography, compared to at least 56% for two‐dimensional ultrasonography.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasonography was clearly superior to conventional ultrasonography in the visualization and evaluation of fetal tooth germs. Three‐dimensional ultrasonography therefore has a potential for enhanced visualization of fetal tooth germs and may aid in the antenatal detection of syndromes associated with oligodontia or anodontia. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The role of color Doppler imaging of the uterine arteries at 20 weeks' gestation in stratifying antenatal care
Authors: Kurdi W. , Campbell S. , Aquilina J. , England P. , Harrington K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the value of one‐stop color Doppler imaging of the uterine arteries at the time of the 20‐week anomaly scan, to select women at risk of developing pre‐eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).Patients and methodsA total of 1022 unselected women had color Doppler imaging of both uterine arteries at the time of their dating/anomaly scan (19–21 weeks' gestation). The presence or absence of notching of the flow velocity waveform (FVW) was noted, and the resistance index (RI) was measured. The main outcome measures were pre‐eclampsia, birth weight, placental abruption and stillbirth.ResultsThe outcome in 946 women (92.6%) was available for analysis. Of these, 216 (23%) had abnormal uterine artery Doppler studies, 117 (12.4%) with bilateral (right and left FVW) notches; 21 (2.2%) women developed pre‐eclampsia, and 57 (6.0%) neonates were small for gestational age (SGA; < 5th centile), at birth. For women with bilateral notches the odds ratio (OR) for developing pre‐eclampsia was 12.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3–30.8), and 52.6 (95% CI 6.4–430.1) for pre‐eclampsia requiring delivery before 37 weeks' gestation. If the uterine artery Doppler studies were normal, the odds ratio for eveloping pre‐eclampsia was 0.11 (95% CI 0.04–0.28), and 0.3 (95% CI 0.17–0.51) for the delivery of an SGA baby less than the 5th centile. In women with bilateral notches with mean RI greater than 0.55, the positive pre‐dictive value for the main outcome measures was 46%.ConclusionWomen with normal uterine artery color/pulsed Doppler studies at 20 weeks' gestation constitute a group that have a low risk of developing obstetric complications related to uteroplacental insufficiency. Women with high resistance in both uterine arteries (bilateral notches) have an increased risk of the subsequent development of such complications, in particular those requiring delivery before term. The addition of color Doppler imaging of the uterine arteries at the time of the routine 20‐week dating/anomaly scan may be of use in determining the type and level of antenatal care that is offered to women. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Color Doppler study of the venous circulation in the fetal brain and hemodynamic study of the cerebral transverse sinus
Authors: Laurichesse‐Delmas H. , Grimaud O. , Moscoso G. , Ville Y. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the venous circulation in the fetal brain; to describe the normal blood flow velocity waveform in the transverse sinus and to establish normal reference ranges for the second half of gestation.PopulationA total of 126 pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies at 20–42 weeks of gestation.MethodsA combination of color‐coded Doppler and two‐dimensional real‐time ultrasound was used to identify the main venous systems in the fetal brain. Blood flow velocity waveforms of the transverse sinus were obtained from a transverse plane of the head at the level of the cerebellum.ResultsA waveform could be obtained in the cerebral transverse sinus in 98% of the cases. The waveform obtained was triphasic with a forward systolic component, a forward early diastolic component and a lower forward component in late diastole. Reverse flow during atrial contraction was seen before 28 weeks and the diastolic flow increased with gestation thereafter. Pulsatility and resistance indices decreased and flow velocities increased in the transverse sinus throughout gestation.ConclusionThe venous circulation of the fetal brain can be identified by color Doppler. The gestational age‐related decrease in resistance and increase in flow velocities suggest that hemodynamic studies of the cerebral transverse sinus might have clinical implications in studying compromised fetuses. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Perinatal outcome in pregnancies with a positive serum screening for Down's syndrome due to elevated levels of free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin
Authors: Palacio M. , Jauniaux E. , Kingdom J. , Dell E. , Sheldrake A. , Rodeck C. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the potential clinical use of maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and uterine artery Doppler investigation to screen for placenta‐related adverse outcome in pregnancies at positive risk for Down's syndrome at 15–18 weeks.DesignA cohort of 329 consecutive pregnant women with a singleton viable pregnancy and a positive risk for Down's syndrome was retrospectively investigated. This group was obtained from an unselected population of 3952 women attending the same hospital over a 2‐year period. Using the results of this first analysis, we selected a group of 26 women with unexplained high levels of free β‐hCG and followed them prospectively with monthly ultrasound and uterine artery Doppler examinations.ResultsIn the retrospective cohort, risk ratios stratified for maternal serum β‐hCG multiple of the median (MoM) values indicated that the highest incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was in those women with values of ≥5.0. In the prospective study, pregnancy outcome was complicated by uteroplacental disorders in eight cases. Analysis of the Doppler investigation indicated that, in women with a very high level of hCG, an abnormally high uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) had lower sensitivity and negative predictive value than early diastolic notch, whereas the specificity and positive predictive value were higher for a high uterine artery PI.ConclusionsThese findings suggest an association between a high level of maternal serum β‐hCG at 15–18 weeks, the presence of an early diastolic notch in the uterine artery flow velocity waveform and adverse pregnancy outcome due to abnormal development of the uteroplacental circulation. Young women with an unexplained high β‐hCG level would benefit, apart from detailed sonography of the fetus and/or karyotyping, from uterine Doppler investigation and counselling about the follow‐up and management of placenta‐related pregnancy disorders. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
The sonographic identification of fetal gender from 11 to 14 weeks of gestation
Authors: Whitlow B. J. , Lazanakis M. S. , Economides D. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of correctly identifying fetal gender from 11 to 14 weeks' gestation.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study in a university Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London. A total of 524 women from an unselected population underwent a detailed assessment of fetal anatomy at 11–14 weeks of gestation (confirmed by crown‐rump length) by means of transabdominal sonography, and transvaginal sonography (26%) when necessary. Fetal gender was identified in the transverse and sagittal planes, and was confirmed at birth.ResultsThe overall success of correctly assigning fetal gender increased with gestational age from 46% to 75%, 79% and 90% at 11, 12, 13 and 14 weeks, respectively. The ability of the operator to assign fetal gender significantly improved with increasing gestational age (p < 0.0001), being 59%, 87%, 92% and 98% at 11, 12, 13 and 14 weeks, respectively. The accuracy of correctly identifying fetal gender when attempted did not change with gestational age. Fetal gender or the performance of the scan by different operators did not affect the results.ConclusionWhilst the accuracy of sonographic determination of fetal gender at 11–14 weeks is good, it still falls significantly short of invasive karyotyping tests. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Biometrical threshold of biparietal diameter for certain fetal sex assignment by ultrasound
Authors: Mazza V. , Contu G. , Falcinelli C. , Battafarano S. , Cagnacci A. , Vito G. , Forabosco A. , Volpe A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to establish the biometric threshold of biparietal diameter (BPD), assumed to be an independent variable of gestational age, at which 100% accuracy in the assessment of fetal sex by ultrasonography is achievable.MethodsTransvaginal and/or transabdominal sonography was used for detecting the ‘sagittal sign’ as a marker of fetal sex in 385 fetuses with BPD between 18 and 29 mm. The results of ultrasound examination were compared with sex at birth or with karyotype obtained from amniotic fluid cells or chorionic villus sampling.ResultsFetal sex assignment was feasible in 337 of 385 cases (87.5%). Of the 312 fetuses with known fetal sex outcome, 164 were males and 148 were females. An accuracy rate of 100% was achieved when a BPD of ≥ 23 mm was obtained.ConclusionThis study provides important information about the earliest stage of fetal development, expressed in terms of BPD, at which a diagnosis of fetal sex can be made with 100% accuracy. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Translabial color Doppler for imaging in urogynecology: a preliminary report
Authors: Dietz H. P. , McKnoulty L. , Clarke B. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveA prospective study was conducted to evaluate the use of color Doppler ultrasound in the investigation of female urinary incontinence.MethodsThirty‐seven patients underwent a full urodynamic assessment and translabial ultrasound examination using color Doppler‐capable equipment with 5–7‐MHz curved array transducers, both in the supine and in the erect positions.ResultsMore than minimal leakage was seen in 13 patients by Doppler and in 16 by fluoroscopic imaging. Results were in agreement in 28/37 cases (kappa 0.49). The observed discrepancies may have been due to initial technical difficulties, differences in bladder filling and the presence of a catheter on fluoroscopic imaging. In five incontinent patients, urethral flow velocities ranged from 0.064 to 0.34 m/s, which is equivalent to physiological venous and slow arterial blood flow and one to two orders of magnitude above the detection threshold of standard Doppler ultrasound equipment.ConclusionsTranslabial color Doppler imaging of the lower urinary tract allows the documentation of fluid leakage from the bladder. It has the potential to become the new imaging standard for urogynecology. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Second‐trimester molecular prenatal diagnosis of sporadic Apert syndrome following suspicious ultrasound findings
Authors: Ferreira J. C. , Carter S. M. , Bernstein P. S. , Jabs E. W. , Glickstein J. S. , Marion R. W. , Baergen R. N. , Gross S. J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractApert syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, mid‐facial malformations, symmetric bony syndactyly of hands and feet, and varying degrees of mental retardation, is most frequently caused by a de novo mutation. Two missense mutations in the fibro‐blast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene have been found to account for the disorder in approximately 98% of affected patients. Seven cases of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis have been reported. Although one earlier diagnosis has been made in a familial case, sporadic cases have not been definitively diagnosed until the third trimester when craniosynostosis is usually detected. We report a second‐trimester molecular diagnosis of a sporadic case, based on the ultrasound observation of fetal ‘mitten hands’ and craniosynostosis. We discuss the approach to such ultrasound features, given the current availability of molecular diagnosis for Apert syndrome. Copyright © 1999 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
P107The study of the ductus venosus for predicting umbilical artery pH at birth below 7.10 in pregnancies with absent or reversed end‐diastolic velocity flow (ARED) in the umbilical arteries Doppler studies
Authors: Francisco R. P. V. , Yamamoto R. M. , Leite C. C. , Miyadahira S. , Zugaib M. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundA study of the relation between methods for assessment of fetal well‐being and umbilical artery pH at birth below 7.10.MethodsA prospective study was conducted to assess the fetal well‐being in 61 singleton pregnancies with ARED. The results of these methods were compared with the occurrence of umbilical artery pH at birth < 7.10. All data were analyzed and compared using logistic regression.ConclusionThe probability of umbilical artery pH below 7.10 in ARED fetuses could be predicted by means of the ductus venosus Doppler studies and the BPS. Knowledge of this probability can help to choose the best moment for delivery in these cases.
P118The role of fetal echocardiography and detailed sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 13 – analysis of 11 cases
Authors: Janiak K. , Kaczmarek P. , Krasoń A. , Respondek‐Liberska M. 
Published: March 2003

The aim of the study was to show the importance of sonography and echocardiography at 2nd trimester of pregnancy on the ground of the retrospective analysis of cases with Patau syndrome.Materials and methodsFrom the database of 6430 fetuses examined throughout 1992 until 1999, aneuploidy in the form of patau syndrome was suspected in 11 fetuses (0,64%). Maternal, fetal and neonatal data were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsThe majority of cases come from low risk pregnancies. The full genetic antenatal diagnostic was performed in 7 cases. The mean apgar score was 1 and the mortality in analyzed group was 100%. During fetal echocardiography the congenital heart defect were diagnosed in 5 cases: 3xVSD, 1xVSD + aorta dextraposition, 1xVSD + bright spot + cardiomegaly + pericardial effusion. Trisomy 13 in analyzed group manifested by malformations of various organs and systems: congenital heart defects was the most common anomaly diagnosed prenatally (7/11), the second one were central nervous system and genitourinary system anomalies (6/11) and others. In the analyzed group the mean number of anomaly per fetus was 3. Prenatal diagnoses were confirmed at autopsy, additionally cleft palate was identified at 2 cases.ConclusionFetal detailed sonography and echocardiography in each case of trisomy 13 allows the visualisations of malformations at fetuses (min 1, max 5) and therefore this examination may be consider as ‘genetic sonogram’.
P121Pulmonary valve atresia. Fetal echocardiography findings in one case with intact ventricular septum
Authors: García C. , Lagos N. , Diaz C. , Meneses N. , Castillo G. , Pazols R. , Benavides C. , Hoffmann I. , Astorga  , Ortega P. , Ferres I. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundRight ventricular outflow obstruction with an intact ventricular septum leads to severe hemodynamic problems in the newborn, with hypoxemia and congestive heart failure due to tricusp regurgitation. Atresia of the pulmonary valve occurs in less than 3% of all congenital heart lesions, with a frequency of 1:25 000 of live births. Use of fetal echocardiography permits prenatal diagnosis of this and other congenital defects, for a better knowledge and therapy.Case report35‐year‐old pacient, with a previous newborn with an interventricular comunication. On her 30 week of pregnancy, a fetal echocardiography showed atresia of the pulmonary valve with an intact interventricular septum, severe tricuspid regurgitation, a right atrial dilatation, restriction of flow in the oval foramen of 8 m/seg and ductus arterioso with retrograde or bidirectional flow, from the aorta to the pulmonary circulation. Vaginal delivery occurred at 38 weeks, obtaining a female newborn, 2630 g, in good conditions. However she developed severe cardiac failure and died at day 4, in spite of pharmacologic with prostaglandins and surgical therapy.ConclusionsEchocardiography is the basis of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease, like pulmonary valve atresia, and is of great help to understand and decide the best perinatal therapy.
P125Prenatal diagnosis of cardiac rhabdomyoma
Authors: Hernádi L. , Tőrocsik M. , Player D. Á. , Vasas Z. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundOur aim was to present a case of cardiac rhabdomyoma diagnosed at 24 weeks of pregnancy.A 20‐year‐old woman, G2P0, was referred for sonographic examination because of the history of cystic hygroma in her first pregnancy. Karyotyping revealed trisomy 21 and termination was performed. There were no cardiac and neurologic diseases in her family history. For the present pregnancy routine ultrasound scans at 12 and 18 weeks showed normal fetal anatomy. Fetal echocardiography at 24 weeks revealed a large cardiac tumour protruding from the intraventricular septum into the right ventricle (12 mm). Colour Doppler showed blood flow around the tumour and the flow pattern was not suggestive for obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. No other fetal anomalies were noted. The patient was informed about the diagnosis of rhabdomyoma and the possibility of associated tuberous sclerosis. Termination of pregnancy was performed upon patient's request. Pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis but found no sign for tuberous sclerosis. Karyotyping was normal. Her next pregnancy was uneventful resulting a healthy newborn.ConclusionThe natural history of intracardiac rhabdomyoma is not known and usually detected in the second half of gestation. The prognosis depends on its influence on cardiac functions and the associated anomalies.
Three‐dimensional power Doppler in obstetrics and gynecology P126The three‐dimensional ultrasound analysis of embryonal and early fetal development – an improvement of prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Malý Z. , Koudelka M. 
Published: March 2003

BackroundThere are two important trends in prenatal diagnosis – to avoid invasive diagnostic procedures as much as possible and to find anomaly as soon as possible. Ultrasound evaluation is playing an essential role. The first trimester of pregnancy seems to be the suitable period for diagnosis for above mentioned purposes.MethodMore than 450 first trimester pregnancies was evaluated with 3D sonography using its all computed features. The images which were obtained can be used also for educative goal.ResultsWe provided 3D ultrasound diagnosis of fetal anomalies from the moment of their development, up the 9th week of gestation (from LMP). The image quality allowed so precise analysis, that pictures are comparable with embryological reality and will be present.ConclusionWith 3D ultrasound the first trimester seems to be the most important period of prenatal diagnostics. 3D can display the same pictures in vivo, as invasive fetoscopy or embryological speciments in vitro. The technical limits disapear and the knowledge of embryology and of possible pathological fetal development remains the last limiting factor.
P130Three‐dimensional sonographic features of hydrops fetalis
Authors: Kuno A. , Ueta M. , Hanaoka U. , Tanaka Y. , Akiyama M. , Yamashiro C. , Tanaka H. , Hayashi K. , Yanagihara T. , Hara K. , Hata T. 
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe three‐dimensional (3‐D) sonographic features of hydrops fetalis.MethodsA total of 8 cases with hydrops fetalis from 15 to 32 weeks of gestation were studied with transabdominal 3‐D sonography (3.5 MHz).ResultsThe image clarity of 3‐D sonography was subjectively superior than those by 2‐D sonography in all cases studied, and it was possible to obtain finer image quality of internal organs with 3‐D sonography. Before around 20 weeks of gestation, the skin becomes a transparent‐like structure, so internal organs can be clearly identified. After 25 weeks, skin edema, pleural effusion, hypoplastic lungs were clearly recognized.ConclusionOur results suggest that 3‐D sonography provides a novel means of visualizing hydrops fetalis in utero.
P137Ultrasound in the detection of endometrial pathologies in breast cancer patients with Tamoxifen treatment
Authors: Machado M. R. M. , Santos F. F. A. , Marussi E. F. , Neder V. M. , S  
Published: March 2003

BackgroundThe tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogen that is widely used as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal breast cancer patients with positive estrogen receptor proteins. It has been reported that the patients who have been treated for more than 12 months with TAM are at increased risk for endometrial carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between histological endometrial findings in breast cancer patients and transvaginal ultrasound.MethodMedical records and sonograms of 238 women treated for breast cancer with TAM were reviewed retrospectively. We included all patients using adjuvant therapy for breast cancer patients with TAM 20 mg of Tamoxifen. The exam was performed using a transvaginal probe 7.5 MHz transducer on a TOSHIBA 140 SSA and ACUSON XP‐4A ultrasonography set. Sonographic endometrial thickness was correlated to histologic findings and symptoms.ResultsA hundred‐55 (65.12%) had endometrial thickness of 8 mm or lower, measured by transvaginal ultrasound. We did not found any case of endometrial cancer, even with bleeding. From 51 patients with diagnostic hysteroscopy, the more frequent findings were: atrophic endometrium, endometrial polyps and insufficient material for histology exam.ConclusionsTransvaginal sonography is an useful tool for the follow‐up of tamoxifen treated patients used as trial for invasive diagnostic procedures.