bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mountains of research: Where and whom high‐altitude physiology has overlooked
Authors: Tremblay Joshua C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh altitude is a natural setting in which to study human acclimatization and adaptation. Here, I identify where and in whom high‐altitude physiology research has occurred. There has been a mismatch between countries with large high‐altitude populations vs. where high‐altitude research has been conducted. From 1970 to 2020, 83% of high‐altitude physiology research took place in just seven countries: Nepal, China, USA, Peru, India, Bolivia and Italy. Collectively, these countries account for only 35% of the global population living above 2500 m. Furthermore, high‐altitude physiology research has predominantly studied low‐altitude residents visiting high altitude and female participants are under‐represented. Accordingly, the included populations are not necessarily a proportional representation of high‐altitude residents. Here, I discuss how this influences our understanding of high‐altitude adaptation. Finally, I highlight past initiatives to increase diversity in high‐altitude research. By identifying the broad gaps in high‐altitude physiology research, I propose exciting, inclusive opportunities to study human high‐altitude physiology.
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Youths Are Less Susceptible to Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Than Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fernandes John F.T. , Hayes Lawrence D. , Dingley Amelia F. , Moeskops Sylvia , Oliver Jon L. , Arede Jorge , Twist Craig , Wilson Laura J. 
Published: December 2023

Purpose: This meta-analysis aimed to (1) provide a comparison of peak changes in indirect markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in youths versus adults and (2) determine if the involved limb moderated this effect. Method: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they (1) provided a human youth versus adult comparison; (2) provided data on muscle strength, soreness, or creatine kinase markers beyond ≥24 hours; and (3) did not provide a recovery treatment. Effect sizes (ES) were presented alongside 95% confidence intervals. Results: EIMD exhibited larger effects on adults than in youths for muscle strength (ES = −2.01; P < .001), muscle soreness (ES = −1.52; P < .001), and creatine kinase (ES = −1.98; P < .001). The random effects meta-regression indicated that the effects of upper- and lower-limb exercise in youths and adults were significant for muscle soreness (coefficient estimate = 1.11; P < .001) but not for muscle strength or creatine kinase (P > .05). As such, the between-group effects for muscle soreness (ES = −2.10 vs −1.03; P < .05) were greater in the upper than lower limbs. Conclusion: The magnitude of EIMD in youths is substantially less than in their adult counterparts, and this effect is greater in upper than lower limbs for muscle soreness. These findings help guide practitioners who may be concerned about the potential impact of EIMD when training youth athletes.
Emergence of cefiderocol resistance during ceftazidime/avibactam treatment caused by a large genomic deletion, including
ampD
and
piuCD
genes, in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gomis-Font María A. , Clari María A. , López-Causapé Carla , Navarro David , Oliver Antonio 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the emergence of cefiderocol resistance during the treatment of a ST312
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
respiratory infection with ceftazidime/avibactam. whole genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that resistance was caused by a large genomic deletion, including PiuDC (iron transport system) and AmpD (
ampC
negative regulator), driven by the integration of phage DNA. Thus, our findings alert that this type of deletion could be an efficient (two mechanisms in one step) specific cefiderocol resistance mechanism that might occur nonspecifically upon treatment with β-lactams that select for AmpC overexpression.
The Human TREX-2 Complex Interacts with Subunits of the ORC Complex
Authors: Kurshakova M. M. , Georgieva S. G. , Kopytova D. V. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The TREX-2 protein complex is the key complex involved in the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. Previously, a joint protein complex of TREX-2 with ORC was isolated in D. melanogaster. It was shown that the interaction of TREX-2 with ORC is necessary for efficient mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. In this work, we showed that the TREX-2-ORC joint complex is also formed in human cells.
Characteristics of patients attached to near-retirement family physicians: a population-based serial cross-sectional study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Premji Kamila , Green Michael E , Glazier Richard H , Khan Shahriar , Schultz Susan E , Mathews Maria , Nastos Steve , Frymire Eliot , Ryan Bridget L 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesPopulation ageing is a global phenomenon. Resultant healthcare workforce shortages are anticipated. To ensure access to comprehensive primary care, which correlates with improved health outcomes, equity and costs, data to inform workforce planning are urgently needed. We examined the medical and social characteristics of patients attached to near-retirement comprehensive primary care physicians over time and explored the early-career and mid-career workforce’s capacity to absorb these patients.DesignA serial cross-sectional population-based analysis using health administrative data.SettingOntario, Canada, where most comprehensive primary care is delivered by family physicians (FPs) under universal insurance.ParticipantsAll insured Ontario residents at three time points: 2008 (12 936 360), 2013 (13 447 365) and 2019 (14 388 566) and all Ontario physicians who billed primary care services (2008: 11 566; 2013: 12 693; 2019: 15 054).Outcome measuresThe number, proportion and health and social characteristics of patients attached to near-retirement age comprehensive FPs over time; the number, proportion and characteristics of near-retirement age comprehensive FPs over time. Secondary outcome measures: The characteristics of patients and their early-career and mid-career comprehensive FPs.ResultsPatient attachment to comprehensive FPs increased over time. The overall FP workforce grew, but the proportion practicing comprehensiveness declined (2008: 77.2%, 2019: 70.7%). Over time, an increasing proportion of the comprehensive FP workforce was near retirement age. Correspondingly, an increasing proportion of patients were attached to near-retirement physicians. By 2019, 13.9% of comprehensive FPs were 65 years or older, corresponding to 1 695 126 (14.8%) patients. Mean patient age increased, and all physicians served markedly increasing numbers of medically and socially complex patients.ConclusionsThe primary care sector faces capacity challenges as both patients and physicians age and fewer physicians practice comprehensiveness. Nearly 15% (1.7 million) of Ontarians may lose their comprehensive FP to retirement between 2019 and 2025. To serve a growing, increasingly complex population, innovative solutions are needed.
Association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and psoriasis: a cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Hong Jiaxin , Lian Ni , Li Min 
Published: December 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and psoriasis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014.ParticipantsA subsample of 8387 individuals aged 18 years and older were screened for inclusion, of whom 238 reported a diagnosis of psoriasis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPsoriasis and the severity of psoriasis were defined according to participants’ self-reports. Weighted logistic regression, subgroup and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted to estimate the potential relationship of the NLR with psoriasis.ResultsIn the fully adjusted models, the fourth quartile of the NLR was significantly and positively associated with the presence of psoriasis using the first quartile as a reference (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.27 to 3.87, p=0.01). Elevated NLR was associated with an increased odds of having more severe psoriasis for the highest quartile (vs the lowest quartile), with an OR of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.10 to 5.36, p=0.003). The association between the NLR and psoriasis differed across prespecified subgroups by age, sex, race, income and education. A non-linear correlation of the NLR with psoriasis was observed using univariable and multivariable RCS (all p for non-linearity <0.05).ConclusionsThe NLR was non-linearly and positively correlated with the presence of psoriasis, and our findings suggest a significant association between the NLR and the severity of psoriasis. The potential role and value in the clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment of the NLR in psoriasis calls for further longitudinal studies.
Digital health coaching to improve patient preparedness for elective lower limb arthroplasty: a quality improvement project
Authors: Powley Nicola , Tew Garry A , Durrand James , Carr Esther , Nesbitt Alexander , Hackett Rhiannon , Gray Joanne , McCarthy Stephen , Beatty Matthew , Huddleston Robbie , Danjoux Gerard 
Published: December 2023

Major surgery carries high risks with comorbidities, frailty and health risk behaviours meaning patients are often unprepared for the physiological insult. Since 2018, the Prepwell programme at South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has supported patients to improve their preoperative health and fitness. In April 2020, the face-to-face service was suspended due to the pandemic, leading to the team implementing a three-tiered remote digital support pathway, including digital health coaching via a mobile phone application.MethodsPatients scheduled for elective lower limb arthroplasty were offered 8 weeks of digital health coaching preoperatively. Following consent, participants were assigned a personal health coach to set individual behaviour change goals supported by online resources, alongside a digitally delivered exercise programme. Participants completed self-assessment questionnaires at Entry to, and Exit from, the programme, with outcome data collected 21 days postoperatively. The primary outcome was the change in Patient Activation Measure (PAM).ResultsFifty-seven of 189 patients (30.2%) consented to referral for digital health coaching. Forty participants completed the 8-week programme. Median PAM increased from 58.1 to 67.8 (p=0.002). Thirty-five per cent of participants were in a non-activated PAM level at Entry, reducing to 15% at Exit with no participants in PAM level 1 at completion. Seventy-one percent of non-activated participants improved their PAM by one level or more, compared with 45% for the whole cohort. Median LOS was 2 days, 1 day less than the Trust’s arthroplasty patient population during the study period (unadjusted comparison).ConclusionsDigital health coaching was successfully implemented for patients awaiting elective lower limb arthroplasty. We observed significant improvements in participants’ PAM scores after the programme, with the largest increase in participants with lower activation scores at Entry. Further study is needed to confirm the effects of digital health coaching in this and other perioperative groups.
Health insurance coverage and access to maternal healthcare services by women of reproductive age in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Esan Oluwaseun Taiwo , Adeomi Adeleye Abiodun , Afolabi Olusegun Temitope 
Published: December 2023

BackgroundInequitable financial access to maternal healthcare services (MHS) has contributed to maternal deaths, especially in low and middle-income countries. Evidence in the literature on women’s health insurance status and access to MHS in Nigeria is sparse. This study aimed to determine the association between health insurance coverage and access to MHS among Nigerian women of reproductive age.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study that used the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). A total of 12 935 women who had their last delivery within 2 years before the NDHS were included in the study. Access to MHS was assessed by using the number of antenatal care (ANC) visits and health facility delivery. Adjusted logistic regression models were fit to control for individual, household and community-level factors.ResultsOnly 18.5% and 40.6% of the women in the study attended ≥8 ANC visits and delivered in a health facility, respectively. About 39.5% of women who had ≥8 ANC visits and 71.8% of those who delivered in health facilities had health insurance coverage. There were statistically significant associations between having health insurance and attendance of ≥8 ANC visits (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.9; 95% CI 1.26–2.95) and women delivering at a health facility (AOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.39–2.82). There were also lower significant odds of accessing ≥8 ANC visits and delivering in health facilities among the rural dwellers, unemployed, those with lower educational status and those in the lower social economic quintiles.ConclusionThere was a low uptake of health insurance programmes among the Nigerian women in this study. Having health insurance coverage was significantly associated with ≥8 ANC visits and women delivering in health facilities. Thus, providing health insurance may be an important way to improve women’s access to MHS in Nigeria.
Quark/gluon discrimination and top tagging with dual attention transformer
Authors: He Minxuan , Wang Daohan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractJet tagging is a crucial classification task in high energy physics. Recently the performance of jet tagging has been significantly improved by the application of deep learning techniques. In this study, we introduce a new architecture for jet tagging: the particle dual attention transformer (P-DAT). This novel transformer architecture stands out by concurrently capturing both global and local information, while maintaining computational efficiency. Regarding the self attention mechanism, we have extended the established attention mechanism between particles to encompass the attention mechanism between particle features. The particle attention module computes particle level interactions across all the particles, while the channel attention module computes attention scores between particle features, which naturally captures jet level interactions by taking all particles into account. These two kinds of attention mechanisms can complement each other. Further, we incorporate both the pairwise particle interactions and the pairwise jet feature interactions in the attention mechanism. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the P-DAT architecture in classic top tagging and quark–gluon discrimination tasks, achieving competitive performance compared to other benchmark strategies.
Testable likelihoods for beyond-the-standard model fits
Authors: Beck Anja , Reboud Méril , van Dyk Danny 
Published: December 2023

AbstractStudying potential BSM effects at the precision frontier requires accurate transfer of information from low-energy measurements to high-energy BSM models. We propose to use normalising flows to construct likelihood functions that achieve this transfer. Likelihood functions constructed in this way provide the means to generate additional samples and admit a “trivial” goodness-of-fit test in form of a$$\chi ^2$$χ2test statistic. Here, we study a particular form of normalising flow, apply it to a multi-modal and non-Gaussian example, and quantify the accuracy of the likelihood function and its test statistic.
Composition and Diversity of Bird Community in the Chemoga Wetland and the Associated Human-Modified Landscapes, East Gojjam, Ethiopia
Authors: Gibru Amare , Hunduma Tadesse , Biru Yihew , Fekensa Tesfu 
Published: December 2023

Wetlands and their surrounding habitats are rich in avian communities. However, the desire for human needs has degraded these ecosystems. The current study was carried out in the Chemoga wetland and its associated human-modified landscapes in East Gojjam, Ethiopia, during both the dry and wet seasons from December 2020 to August 2021. The study aims to investigate the species composition and diversity of the bird community. A line transect sampling technique was used in the human-modified landscapes, whereas the total counting method was used to study the wetland habitat. PAST software and Microsoft Excel were used for data analysis. Using a paired diversity T-test, the effect of seasons and habitats on species richness and abundance was compared. In total, 3890 individuals, 76 species, 31 families, and 13 orders were recorded from the studied habitats. Our results showed that the Chemoga wetland with low human disturbance had a greater number of birds and abundance than the human-modified habitats at

P

< 0.05. Moreover, in both wet and dry seasons, the Chemoga wetland (

P

< 0.05) shows significant difference in the abundance of avian species. But, in the human-modified habitat, there is no significant difference in the abundance of avian species (

P

> 0.05). The majority of birds scored frequent and common on the ordinal scale in both habitats and seasons. This study confirms that the studied habitats are important for the conservation of birds. Conservation measures are thus required to limit disturbances and foster species survival in the area.
Short‐Term Mortality Among Pediatric Patients With Heart Diseases Undergoing Veno‐Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jingjing , Wang Haiming , Zhao Yunzhang , Shao Junjie , Jiang Min , Yue Shuai , Lin Lejian , Wang Lin , Xu Qiang , Guo Xinhong , Li Xin , Liu Zifan , Chen Yundai , Zhang Ran 
Published: December 2023

Background
Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation serves as a crucial mechanical circulatory support for pediatric patients with severe heart diseases, but the mortality rate remains high. The objective of this study was to assess the short‐term mortality in these patients.

Methods and Results

We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for observational studies that evaluated the short‐term mortality of pediatric patients undergoing veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. To estimate short‐term mortality, we used random‐effects meta‐analysis. Furthermore, we conducted meta‐regression and binomial regression analyses to investigate the risk factors associated with the outcome of interest. We systematically reviewed 28 eligible references encompassing a total of 1736 patients. The pooled analysis demonstrated a short‐term mortality (defined as in‐hospital or 30‐day mortality) of 45.6% (95% CI, 38.7%–52.4%). We found a significant difference (
P
<0.001) in mortality rates between acute fulminant myocarditis and congenital heart disease, with acute fulminant myocarditis exhibiting a lower mortality rate. Our findings revealed a negative correlation between older age and weight and short‐term mortality in patients undergoing veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Male sex, bleeding, renal damage, and central cannulation were associated with an increased risk of short‐term mortality.

Conclusions
The short‐term mortality among pediatric patients undergoing veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe heart diseases was 45.6%. Patients with acute fulminant myocarditis exhibited more favorable survival rates compared with those with congenital heart disease. Several risk factors, including male sex, bleeding, renal damage, and central cannulation contributed to an increased risk of short‐term mortality. Conversely, older age and greater weight appeared to be protective factors.
Ischemic Stroke Temporally Associated With New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Registry-Linkage Study
Authors: Putaala Jukka , Teppo Konsta , Halminen Olli , Haukka Jari , Tiili Paula , Jaakkola Jussi , Karlsson Elin , Linna Miika , Mustonen Pirjo , Kinnunen Janne , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Aro Aapo , Hartikainen Juha , Airaksinen Juhani K.E. , Lehto Mika ,   on behalf of the FinACAF Study Group
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND:
Limited data exist on the temporal relationship between new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) and ischemic stroke and its impact on patients’ clinical characteristics and mortality.

METHODS:
A population-based registry-linkage database includes all patients with new-onset AF in Finland from 2007 to 2018. Ischemic stroke temporally associated with AF (ISTAF) was defined as an ischemic stroke occurring within ±30 days from the first AF diagnosis. Clinical factors associated with ISTAF were studied with logistic regression and 90-day survival with Cox proportional hazards analysis.

RESULTS:
Among 229 565 patients with new-onset AF (mean age, 72.7 years; 50% female), 204 774 (89.2%) experienced no ischemic stroke, 12 209 (5.3%) had past ischemic stroke >30 days before AF, and 12 582 (5.8%) had ISTAF. The annual proportion of ISTAF among patients with AF decreased from 6.0% to 4.8% from 2007 to 2018. Factors associated positively with ISTAF were higher age, lower education level, and alcohol use disorder, whereas vascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease cancer, and psychiatric disorders were less probable with ISTAF. Compared with patients without ischemic stroke and those with past ischemic stroke, ISTAF was associated with ≈3-fold and 1.5-fold risks of death (adjusted hazard ratios, 2.90 [95% CI, 2.76–3.04] and 1.47 [95% CI, 1.39–1.57], respectively). The 90-day survival probability of patients with ISTAF increased from 0.79 (95% CI, 0.76–0.81) in 2007 to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87–0.91) in 2018.

CONCLUSIONS:
ISTAF depicts the prominent temporal clustering of ischemic strokes surrounding AF diagnosis. Despite having fewer comorbidities, patients with ISTAF had worse, albeit improving, survival than patients with a history of or no ischemic stroke.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04645537. URL:
https://www.encepp.eu
; Unique identifier: EUPAS29845.
Inflation and Attention Thresholds
Authors: Korenok Oleg , Munro David , Chen Jiayi 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
One of the dangers of high inflation is that it can cause individuals to pay close attention to it. This internalization of inflation can lead to an accelerationist regime, making inflation harder to control. We empirically assess the relationship between attention and inflation for 38 countries. Our measures of attention are constructed from internet search behavior or the popularity of inflation mentions on Twitter. We find evidence that attention thresholds exist for most of the countries and that they typically occur between 2-4% inflation. We also document interesting variability across countries and find similar thresholds in newspaper coverage of inflation.