bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Modular Nucleophilic Glycine Equivalents for Truly Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Substituted Pyroglutamic Acids.
Authors: Soloshonok Vadim A. , Ueki Hisanori , Ellis Trevor K. , Yamada Takeshi , Ohfune Yasufumi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Vinyl Glycosides and Carbohydrate Vinyl Ethers from Mixed Acetals: A Hetero‐Diels—Alder Approach to Deoxygenated Disaccharides.
Authors: Hughes Kevin D. , Nguyen Tuan‐Linh N. , Dyckman Damian , Dulay Doreen , Boyko Walter J. , Giuliano Robert M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Automated Electrochemical Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Characterization of Zn1‐xCoxO Thin Films for Solar Hydrogen Production.
Authors: Jaramillo Thomas F. , Baeck Sung‐Hyeon , Kleiman‐Shwarsctein Alan , Choi Kyoung‐Shin , Stucky Galen D. , McFarland Eric W. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic N‐Substituted Metal Aza‐macrocyclic Complexes: Properties and Applications
Authors: Ferraudi G. , Canales J. C. , Kharisov B. , Costamagna J. , Zagal J. G. , Cardenas‐Jiron G. , Paez M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Peptide and Protein Characterization by High‐Rate Electron Capture Dissociation Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tsybin Youri O. , Ramstroem Margareta , Witt Matthias , Baykut Goekhan , Hakansson Per 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structures and Electronic Properties of C36 Encapsulated in Single‐wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Bao‐Hua Yang , Yang Wang , Yuan‐He Huang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe structures and electronic properties for C36 encapsulated in four single‐wall armchair carbon nanotubes (C36@(n,n), n=6‐9) were calculated using ab initio self‐consistent field crystal orbital method based on density functional theory. The calculations show that the interwall spacing between the carbon nanotube and C36 plays an important role in the stabilities of resultant structures. The optimum interwall spacing is about 0.30 nm and the tubes can be considered as inert containers for the encapsulated C36. The Fermi levels and relative position of energy bands also have something to do with the interwall spacing. The shifts of Fermi level and C36‐derived electron states modulate the electron properties of these structures. The extra electrons fill the bands of C36@(8,8) with the optimum interwall spacing almost in a rigid‐band manner.
Densities, Ultrasonic Speeds, Viscosities and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of Benzene with Benzyl Alcohol, Benzonitrile, Benzoyl Chloride and Chlorobenzene at 303.15 K
Authors: A. Ali , J. D. Pandey , N. K. Soni , A. K. Nain , B. Lal , D. Chand 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDensities, ρ, ultrasonic speeds, u, viscosities, η , and refractive indices, n, of pure benzene, benzyl alcohol (BA), benzonitrile (BN), benzoyl chloride (BC), chlorobenzene (CB) and their thirty six binary mixtures, with benzene as common component, were measured at 303.15 K over the entire mole fraction range. From these experimental data the values of deviations in ultrasonic speed, Δu, isentropic compressibility, Δks, excess acoustic impedance, ZE, deviation in viscosity, Δη, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow, G*E, and partial molar isentropic compressibility, ${\bar K}^{\circ}_{\phi,2} $ of BA, BN, BC and CB in benzene were computed. The variation of these derived functions with composition of the mixtures suggested the increased cohesion (molecular order) in the solution and that interaction (A‐B)>(A‐A) or (B‐B). Moreover, theoretical prediction of ultrasonic speed, viscosity and refractive index of all the four binary mixtures was made on the basis of empirical and semi‐empirical relations by using the experimental values of the pure components. Comparison of theoretical results with the experimental values was made in order to assess the suitability of these relations in reproducing the experimental values of u, η and n. Also, molecular radii of pure liquids and the average molecular radii of binary mixtures were evaluated using the corresponding refractive indices of pure liquids and binary mixtures. The average molecular radii of binary mixtures were found to be additive with respect to mole fraction of the pure component.
Investigation of the Phase Equilibria and Interfacial Properties for Non‐polar Fluids
Authors: Dong Fu , Yi Zhao 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA self‐consistent density‐functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the phase behavior and interfacial properties of non‐polar fluids. For the bulk phases, the theory was reduced to the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) that provides accurate descriptions of vapor‐liquid phase diagrams below the critical region. The phase diagrams in the critical region were corrected by the renormalization group theory (RGT). The density profile in the surface was obtained by minimizing the grand potential. With the same set of molecular parameters, both the phase equilibria and the interfacial properties of non‐polar fluids were investigated satisfactorily.
Theoretical Study on Measure of Hydrogen Bonding Strength: RCN…pyrrole Complexes
Authors: Fu‐Qiang Shi , Jing‐Yi An , Jia‐Yong Yu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe RCN…pyrrole(R=H, CH3, CH2F, CHF2, CF3, NH2, BH2, OH, F, CH2Cl, CHCl2, CCl3, Li, Na) com‐plexes were considered as the simple sample for measure of hydrogen bonding strength. Density functional theory B3LYP/6‐311++G**level was applied to the optimization of geometries of complexes and monomers. Measure of hydrogen bonding strength based on geometrical and topological parameters, which were derived from the AIM theory, was analyzed. Additionally, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and frequency calculations were performed. From the computation results it was found that the electronic density at NH bond critical points was also strictly correlated with the hydrogen bonding strength.
Electrochemical Oxidation of L‐Cysteine in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Admicelles
Authors: Zhong‐Chun Li , Tian‐Qing Liu , Rong Guo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of L‐cysteine can be catalyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) admicelles. The catalytic efficiency increases hardly when SDS concentration is lower than the critical admicelle concentration (CAC) and increases rapidly when SDS concentration is between CAC and the critical micelle concentration (CMC), but decreases when SDS concentration is higher than CMC. Both results of rate constant k0 and Gibbs free energy ΔG≠ accord with that of catalytic efficiency.
Crystal Structure and Characterization of a New Mixed‐valence Manganese(III/IV) Complex: [Mn2(cyclen)2(μ‐O)2](ClO4)3·4H2O
Authors: Yan‐Wei Ren , Jun Li , Feng‐Xing Zhang , Jin‐Hua Zhang , Hui Guo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe mixed‐valence manganese(III/IV) complex [Mn2(cyclen)2(μ‐O)2](ClO4)3·4H2O(1) (cyclen=1,4,7,10‐tetra‐azacyclododecan) with chemical formula C16H48Cl3Mn2N8O18 has been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectra. The results showed that the manganese(III/IV) ions were six‐coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from cyclen and two oxygen atoms from the oxygen bridge, forming a distorted octahedron geometry. There were two very strong peaks in the range of 400–700 nm in electronic spectrum, which was similar to Mn catalase and Mn ribonucleotide reductase extracted from organisms. Electrochemical study indicated that the complex underwent a quasi‐reversible one‐electron reduction and oxidation at E1/2=0.827 V in acetonitrile.
Silica‐Supported Arsine Palladium(0) Complex: a Highly Active and Stereoselective Catalyst for Arylation of Butyl Acrylate and Acrylamide
Authors: Ming‐Zhong Cai , Hong Zhao , Wen‐Ying Hu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA silica‐supported arsine palladium(0) complex has been prepared from γ‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane via im‐mobilization on fumed silica, followed by reaction with potassium diphenylarsenide and palladium chloride, and then reduction with hydrazine hydrate. The complex has been characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and it is a highly active and stereoselective catalyst for arylation of butyl acrylate and acrylamide with aryl halides, affording a variety of trans‐butyl cinnamates and trans‐cinnamamides in high yields.
A New Synthetic Approach to Carbamoylguanidinium Salts from N‐Chloroguanidine and Aryl Isocyanates
Authors: Ying Cheng , Xing‐Zhu Gao , Xiu‐Min Shen , Jian Wang 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA new synthetic method for the preparation of N‐carbamoyl‐N′,N′‐disubstituted guanidinium salts was devel‐oped from the nucleophilic reaction of N‐chloroguanidines with aryl isocyanates.
Syntheses and Electroluminescence of Carbazole Substituted Distyrylarylene
Authors: Jian Xu , Yi‐Qiang Zhan , Xiao‐Yuan Hou , Fei Xiao 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNovel blue organic electroluminescent materials with improved hole transporting ability were synthesized by incorporating carbazoles into distyrylarylene (DSA). The new carbazole substituted DSA derivatives (CDSA) were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis. The luminescent characteristics of CDSA were investigated. Two types of blue light emitting diodes were constructed from CDSA: ITO/NPB/CDSA/PBD/LiF/Al and ITO/CDSA/PBD/LiF/Al.
Socioeconomic status and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 among oncogenic human papillomavirus DNA‐positive women with equivocal or mildly abnormal cytology
Authors: Khan Michelle J. , Partridge Edward E. , Wang Sophia S. , Schiffman Mark ,   Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Triage Study (ALTS) Group
Published: May 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDLow socioeconomic status (SES) is a reported risk factor for cervical carcinoma, but few studies have taken into account adequately the possibly confounding effects of oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as well as access to screening and subsequent treatment.METHODSWomen (n = 5060 women) with a mean age of 27.5 years and with equivocal or mild cytologic cervical abnormalities were enrolled in the Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance/Low‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (ASCUS‐LSIL) Triage Study (ALTS), a clinical trial that evaluated management strategies. The women were seen every 6 months for 2 years. The enrollment questionnaire assessed three indicators of SES: race/ethnicity, education, and source of payment for medical care. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of oncogenic HPV DNA positivity at enrollment and to assess associations between the SES indicators and risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (precancer) and carcinoma (≥ CIN3) identified throughout the study (n = 506 women) among oncogenic HPV‐positive women (n = 3133 women).RESULTSSES indicators were not associated significantly with oncogenic HPV infection after adjustment for age at enrollment, recent and lifetime number of sexual partners, study center, and smoking history. Among women with oncogenic HPV, the risk of ≥ CIN3 increased with decreasing education (less than high school education: odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 1.5–3.7 vs. completed college). Black women (OR, 0.5; 95%CI, 0.4–0.7) and white/Hispanic women (OR, 0.4; 95%CI, 0.2–0.8) were at decreased risk for ≥ CIN3 compared with white/non‐Hispanic women. The source of payment for medical care was not associated with risk.CONCLUSIONSFactors associated with lower SES, such as low education, may serve as a surrogate for unknown factors that influence progression to ≥ CIN3 among women with oncogenic HPV infection. In this controlled setting with equalized follow‐up and treatment, the decreased risk of ≥ CIN3 associated with black and white/Hispanic race/ethnicity could be further examined. Ongoing efforts should emphasize methods for equalizing screening and follow‐up among women of varying SES, regardless of race or ethnicity. Cancer 2005. Published 2005 American Cancer Society.
General circuit equation formulation method for simulation of a power electronic system
Authors: Kato Toshiji 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a general circuit equation formulation method by generalizing the conventional modified nodal analysis (MNA) method. The method consists of two equation types; one is conversation equations which express a conservation law in each physical system like Kirchhoff's law for an electrical system and the other is constraint condition equations, for example, signal flow relations in a control system. Therefore it is possible to analyze a mixed physical system generally by formulating equations simultaneously with node variables of systems and necessary constraint equations. MNA has special features such that it can express contributions of each element or component to the equations simply and clearly by a so‐called stamp. This paper derives how to express the contributions and get a stamp for the equations. A stamp is flexible and not unique and dependent on purposes. It is possible to select a stamp for each element to be compatible with ones by the tableau method. A prototype simulation program is developed and validated for four application examples which are selected to show how the proposed method works. It is possible to simulate a power electronic system generally by developing such a simulator which can handle general stamps from input data information flexibly. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 58–65, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20048
Method for minimum‐loss reconfiguration of distribution system by tabu search
Authors: Mishima Yuji , Nara Koichi , Satoh Taiji , Ito Takamitsu , Kaneda Hirotoshi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a loss minimum reconfiguration method by tabu search for an open‐loop radial distribution system with distributed generators. The problem is to find the optimal normal open sectionalizing switch positions which minimize the total distribution line losses subjected to the line/transformer capacity constraints and voltage constraint. Generally, the problem is mathematically formulated as a complex combinatorial optimization problem or mixed integer programming problem, and is solved by using mathematical programming method, heuristic algorithm, intelligent method, and so on. However, a satisfactory algorithm for power companies has not yet been attained in both computational burden and solution accuracy. Thus, in this paper, the authors propose a method to solve the above problem by using tabu search (TS). Reverse power flow caused by distributed generators can be included in the solution algorithm. TS is one of the meta‐heuristic algorithms, and sometimes has been evaluated to be better than genetic algorithm (GA) or simulated annealing (SA) from viewpoints of both computational speed and solution accuracy. In order to evaluate the validity and efficiency of the algorithm, several numerical examples are shown in this paper. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 18–25, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20086
Smoothing of PV system output by tuning MPPT control
Authors: Ina Nobuhiko , Yanagawa Shigeyuki , Kato Takeyoshi , Suzuoki Yasuo 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA PV system's power output is not stable and fluctuates depending on weather conditions. Using a battery is one feasible measure to stabilize a PV system's power output, but it requires additional costs and results in additional waste of used batteries. In this paper, we propose a new measure for smoothing the short‐term change in a PV system's power output, which is performed by tuning the characteristics of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control without additional equipment. In our proposed measure, when the insolation increases rapidly, the operation point of MPPT control changes to a new point where the maximum power is not generated with the current insolation, so that the rate of increase in the PV system's power output is limited to a certain value. In order to evaluate the effect of the proposed measure on the operation of electric power systems, we evaluated the required capacity of generators for load‐frequency control (LFC). It was revealed that the additional LFC capacity is not required even in the case where penetration of PV systems reaches 5% of the utility system's total capacity if the proposed measure is applied to all PV systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 10–17, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20106
Fabrication of flat micro‐gap electrodes for molecular electronics
Authors: Edura Tomohiko , Mizuno Jun , Tsutsui Ken , Saito Mikiko , Tokuda Masahide , Onozato Harumasa , Koizumi Toshiko , Wada Yasuo , Haemori Masamitsu , Koinuma Hideomi 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRecently, organic molecular electronic devices such as molecular thin‐film transistors have received considerable attention as possible candidates for next‐generation electronic and optical devices. This paper reports on fabrication technologies of flat metallic electrodes on insulating substrates with a micrometer separation for high‐performance molecular device evaluation. The key technologies of fabricating planar‐type electrodes are the liftoff method by the combination of bilayer photoresist with overhang profile, electron beam evaporation of thin metal (Ti and Au) films, and SiO2‐CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) method of CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)‐deposited TEOS (tetraethoxysilane)–SiO2 layer. The raggedness of the electrode/insulator interface and the electrode surface of the micro‐gap electrodes were less than 3 nm. The isolation characteristics of fabricated electrodes were on the order of 1013 ohms at room temperature, which is sufficient for evaluating electronic properties of organic thin‐film devices. Finally, pentacene FET (Field Effect Transistor) characteristics are discussed fabricated on the micro‐gap flat electrodes. The mobility of this FET was 0.015 cm2/Vs, which was almost on the order of the previous results. These results suggest that high‐performance organic thin‐film transistors can be realized on these advanced electrode structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 152(2): 39–46, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20152
Conspectus of Aizoaceae, Gisekiaceae and Molluginaceae of Egypt and the Sudan
Authors: Hassan N. S. , Hartmann H. E. K. , Liede‐Schumann S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA survey of the families Aizoaceae, Gisekiaceae, and Molluginaceae is given, based on herbarium material and some fresh collections. More than 120 characters were recorded in the DELTA system, from which the descriptions were drawn. Maps of distribution for each recorded species are presented, for Egypt these are related to the division of the country into vegetation zones (El‐Hadidi1993). Of the ten species of Aizoaceae, members ofMesembryanthemum,Aizoanthemum,Sesuvium, andAizoonshow a divided distribution pattern with southern African material mainly at different taxonomic levels. Members ofTrianthemaandZaleya,however, fall into distribution patterns extending into Asia and Australia. Gisekiaceae are represented in the area by one species, Molluginaceae by six species. OfGisekiapharnacioidesL. andGlinus lotoidesL. only one of the two varieties known are recorded from the area. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Current status of prosthetic bypass grafts: A review
Authors: Kannan Ruben Y. , Salacinski Henryk J. , Butler Peter E. , Hamilton George , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractPolymers such as Dacron® and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) have been used in high flow states with relative success but with limited application at lower flow states. Newer polymers with greater compliance, biomimicry, and ability to evolve into hybrid prostheses, suitable as smaller vessels, are now being introduced. In view of the advances in tissue engineering, this makes possible the creation of an ideal off‐the‐shelf bypass graft. We present a broad overview of the current state of prosthetic bypass grafts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005
Dose‐ and time‐dependent effect of bioactive gel‐glass ionic‐dissolution products on human fetal osteoblast‐specific gene expression
Authors: Christodoulou Ioannis , Buttery Lee D. K. , Saravanapavan Priya , Tai Guangping , Hench Larry L. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractBioactive glasses dissolve upon immersion in culture medium, and release their constitutive ions into solution. There has been some evidence suggesting that these ionic‐dissolution products influence osteoblast‐specific processes. Here, the effect of 58S sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass (60% SiO2, 36% CaO, 4% P2O5, in molar percentage) on primary osteoblasts derived from human fetal long bone explant cultures is investigated, and it is hypothesized that critical concentrations of sol–gel‐dissolution products (consisting of a combination of simple inorganic ions) can enhance osteoblast phenotype in vitro by affecting the expression of a number of genes associated with the differentiation and extracellular matrix deposition processes. Cells were exposed to a range of 58S dosages continuously for a period of 4–14 days in monolayer cultures. Quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of a panel of osteoblast‐specific markers showed a varied gene expression pattern in response to the material. The highest concentration of Ca and Si tested (96 and 50 ppm, respectively) promoted upregulation of gene expression for most markers (including alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and osteopontin) at the latest time point, compared to non‐58S‐treated control, although this observation was not statistically significant. The same 58S concentration produced higher ALP activity levels and increased proliferation throughout the culture period, compared to lower dosages tested; however, the results generated were again not statistically significant. The data overall suggest that no significant effect can be ascribed to the ionic products of 58S bioactive gel‐glass dissolution tested here and their ability to stimulate osteoblastic marker gene expression. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2005