bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes in Cross-Cultural Perspective
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides a systemic comprehensive review of the causes, symptoms, treatments, and management of diabetes across cultures. The review shows some overlaps in the cultural beliefs. Diabetes can be caused by factors related to genetics, obesity, lack of physical activity, and mental illness. Most studies have found that symptoms of diabetes are thirst, vision problems, dizziness, joint problems, and headaches. In addition, studies have shown that diabetes can be treated by medication, exercise, and healthy diet.
History and Culture of Muslims in America
Authors: Al-Kuwari Shaikha H. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive review of the history of Muslims in America. The chapter will be divided into three sections. The first section reviews the history of Muslims in America, including African American Muslims, Arab American Muslims, and South Asian American Muslims, and their immigration history, as well as Islamic movements and the groups’ relationships. The second section of the chapter will discuss the significance of mosques in the lives of American Muslim immigrants. This section will include ethnographic observations related to the experience of visiting mosques and the dynamic political and religious roles of mosques in Dearborn, MI. The third section of the chapter addresses the culture and identity of American Muslim immigrants as they relate to family and marriage, gender roles, and identity formation.
The Association of Gestational Age and Size with Management Strategies and Outcomes in Symptomatic Neonatal Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Duhaney Leanne , Steurer Martina A. , Baer Rebecca , Chambers Christina , Rajagopal Satish , Mercer-Rosa Laura M. , Reddy V. Mohan , Jelliffe-Pawlowski Laura L. , Peyvandi Shabnam 
Published: January 2024

Abstract In neonatal, symptomatic tetralogy of Fallot (sTOF), data are lacking on whether high-risk groups would benefit from staged (SR) or complete repair (CR). We studied the association of gestational age (GA) at birth and z-score for birth weight (BWz), with management strategy and outcomes in sTOF. California population-based cohort study (2011–2017) of infants with sTOF (defined as catheter or surgical intervention prior to 44 weeks corrected GA) was performed, comparing management strategy and timing by GA and BWz categories. Multivariable models evaluated composite outcomes and days alive and out of hospital (DAOOH) in the first year of life. Among 345 patients (SR = 194; CR = 151), management strategy did not differ by GA or BWz with complete repair defined as prior to 44 weeks corrected gestational age; however, did differ by GA with regard to complete/timely repair (defined as complete repair within first 30 days of life). Full-term and early-term neonates underwent CR 20 (95%CI: − 27.1, − 14.1; p < 0.001) and 15 days (95%CI: − 22.1, − 8.2; p < 0.001) sooner than preterm neonates. Prematurity and major anomaly were associated with mortality or non-cardiac morbidity, while only major anomaly was associated with mortality or cardiac morbidity (OR = 3.5, 95%CI: 1.8,6.7, p < .0001). Full-term infants had greater DAOOH compared to preterm infants (35.2 days, 95%CI: 4.0, 66.5, p = 0.03). LGA infants and those with major anomaly had significantly lower DAOOH. In sTOF, patient specific risk factors such as prematurity and major anomaly were more associated with outcomes than management strategy.
Digitale Pflegebetten in der Langzeitpflege – Unterstützung, Entlastung für Pflegende oder nur Illusion? Eine ethnografisch-explorative Studie
Authors: Ruppert Sven-Nelson , Hasseler Martina 
Published: January 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Digitalisierung von Pflegedingen, hier dem Pflegebett, ist eine mögliche Konsequenz auf den allgemeinen Personal- und Ressourcenmangel in der beruflichen Pflege und eine Zunahme pflegebedürftiger, hochaltriger Menschen in der Langzeitpflege. Durch in das Pflegebett integrierte Sensoren und Schnittstellen zur Datenübertragung bzw. Anschluss an ein Monitoring sollen für beruflich Pflegende Unterstützungs- und Entlastungsmomente generiert werden sowie das pflegerische Outcome gesteigert werden. Eine pflegewissenschaftliche Begleitforschung untersucht die Implementierung von 97 digitalen Pflegebetten in einer Langzeitpflegeeinrichtung der Altenhilfe.

Methode
Mixed-Methods-Forschungsansatz über 24 Monate.

Ergebnis
Das Fehlen bzw. Umsetzen eines konsequenten Pflegeprozesses, ungünstige Begleitumstände, interdependente Kontextfaktoren und ein unzureichendes Implementierungsmanagement wirken sich nachteilig auf die Inbetriebnahmen und Integration der digitalen Pflegebetten in die Versorgungsroutinen aus.

Schlussfolgerung
Für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung digitaler Assistenzsysteme (dAS) müssen diese neben einer zuverlässigen technischen Anbindung im Pflegeprozess berücksichtigt werden. Im Weiteren erforderlich sind ein Implementierungsmanagement sowie die Überprüfung und Anpassung aller relevanten Kontextfaktoren.
Interpretable scientific discovery with symbolic regression: a review
Authors: Makke Nour , Chawla Sanjay 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSymbolic regression is emerging as a promising machine learning method for learning succinct underlying interpretable mathematical expressions directly from data. Whereas it has been traditionally tackled with genetic programming, it has recently gained a growing interest in deep learning as a data-driven model discovery tool, achieving significant advances in various application domains ranging from fundamental to applied sciences. In this survey, we present a structured and comprehensive overview of symbolic regression methods, review the adoption of these methods for model discovery in various areas, and assess their effectiveness. We have also grouped state-of-the-art symbolic regression applications in a categorized manner in a living review.
More Efficient Approach: Independent Diagnostic Value of Audiovisual Sexual Stimulation for Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Wu Tao , Ma Shanjin , Wang Lei , Jiang Xiaoye , Xue Wei , Tang Qisheng , Zhang Keying , Liu Shaojie , Xu Chao , Chen Yurui , Zhou Yenong , Ma Jianjun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe diagnostic value of audiovisual sexual stimulation (AVSS) for psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is still unclear. We investigated the independent diagnostic value and optimal cut-off parameter of AVSS for psychogenic ED. All participants had received the AVSS test and nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity (NPTR) monitoring at least twice. ED patients were divided into psychogenic ED and organic ED according to NPTR examination. The diagnostic accuracy of AVSS parameters was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the Youden index was employed to determine the optimal diagnostic cut-off values. A total of 346 patients with ED and 60 healthy men were included in this study, among which 162 and 184 cases of psychogenic and organic ED were identified based on NPTR, respectively. When comparing the two ED groups, the area under the curve (AUC) of AVSS parameters was 0.85–0.89. Six-selected AVSS parameters could precisely diagnose psychogenic ED, exhibiting increased diagnostic specificity compared with corresponding sensitivity. When comparing psychogenic ED with the control group, the AUC of the tumescence of the tip was superior to the AUC other parameters (0.81 vs. 0.58, 0.66, 0.59, 0.53, 0.68), and the best determined diagnostic cut-off value was the tumescence of the tip < 29.87%. Independent AVSS could diagnose psychogenic ED objectively and effectively, and its diagnostic value was highest when 1.50% ≤ tumescence of the tip < 29.87%.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Low Body Weight Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Elshafei Mohamed Nabil , Salem Muhammad , El-Bardissy Ahmed , Abdelmoneim Mohamed S. , Khalil Ahmed , Elhadad Sherine , Al Mistarihi Mutasem , Danjuma Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents are established as the anticoagulation strategy of choice for a variety of clinical risks. Despite this, uncertainty still exists with regard to their efficacy and safety for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in some patient populations; most notably those with low body weight (LBW) (<60 kg or body mass index [BMI] <18 kg/m2). Currently, there is a paucity of trial and non-trial data to support a prescriptive recommendation for their use in these patient cohorts. We have carried out a pooled systematic review of the most up to date published data of patients stabilized on various DOAC analogs with the view to ascertaining the exact matrices of their efficacy and safety in these cohorts of patients.

Methods
We initially carried out a comprehensive search of databases from inception to June 2023 for eligible studies exploring the efficacy and safety of various analogs of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation who had low body weight. Databases accessed include PubMed, EMBASE, the Science Citation Index, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. We carried out a weighted comparison of derived pooled odd ratios (with their corresponding confidence intervals) of mortality outcomes between various DOACs using the random effects model.

Results
Thirteen studies (n = 165,205 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. DOAC analogs were associated with increased stroke-related events, composite outcome, and mortality in low body weight patients compared to non-low body weight patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.92), (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29–1.86), (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.87–4.58), respectively. There was no significant difference in the safety outcome (major bleeding events) between the DOAC analogs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.93–1.52).

Discussion
In this meta-analytical review comprising both real-world and randomized controlled studies, the use of DOAC analogs in low body weight patients (body weight of <60 kg or BMI<18 kg/m2) with atrial fibrillation was associated with increased risks of stroke-related events, composite outcomes, and mortality compared to non-low body weight cohorts patients. At the same time, there was no significant difference in terms of major bleeding events. This finding has provided the first resolution of pervading uncertainty surrounding the use of DOAC analogs in these patient cohorts and suggests the need for follow-up confirmatory systematic studies in this group of patients.
Effective signal reconstruction from multiple ranked lists via convex optimization
Authors: Schimek Michael G. , Vitale Luca , Pfeifer Bastian , La Rocca Michele 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe ranking of objects is widely used to rate their relative quality or relevance across multiple assessments. Beyond classical rank aggregation, it is of interest to estimate the usually unobservable latent signals that inform a consensus ranking. Under the only assumption of independent assessments, which can be incomplete, we introduce indirect inference via convex optimization in combination with computationally efficient Poisson Bootstrap. Two different objective functions are suggested, one linear and the other quadratic. The mathematical formulation of the signal estimation problem is based on pairwise comparisons of all objects with respect to their rank positions. Sets of constraints represent the order relations. The transitivity property of rank scales allows us to reduce substantially the number of constraints associated with the full set of object comparisons. The key idea is to globally reduce the errors induced by the rankers until optimal latent signals can be obtained. Its main advantage is low computational costs, even when handling $$n < < p$$

n
<
<
p

data problems. Exploratory tools can be developed based on the bootstrap signal estimates and standard errors. Simulation evidence, a comparison with the state-of-the-art rank centrality method, and two applications, one in higher education evaluation and the other in molecular cancer research, are presented.
VNS improves VSMC metabolism and arteriogenesis in infarcted hearts through m/n-AChR-Akt-SDF-1α in adult male rats
Authors: Li Xing-yuan , Liu Jia-Qi , Wang Yan , Chen Yan , Hu Wen-hui , Lv Yan-xia , Wu Yan , Lv Jing , Tang Jun-ming , Kong Deying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) provides a novel therapeutic strategy for injured hearts by activating cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways. However, little information is available on the metabolic pattern and arteriogenesis of VSMCs after MI. VNS has been shown to stimulate the expression of CPT1α, CPT1β, Glut1, Glut4 and SDF-1α in coronary VSMCs, decreasing the number of CD68-positive macrophages while increasing CD206-positive macrophages in the infarcted hearts, leading to a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β accompanied by a reduced ratio of CD68- and CD206-positive cells, which were dramatically abolished by atropine and mecamylamine in vivo. Knockdown of SDF-1α substantially abrogated the effect of VNS on macrophagecell alteration and inflammatory factors in infarcted hearts. Mechanistically, ACh induced SDF-1α expression in VSMCs in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, atropine, mecamylamine, and a PI3K/Akt inhibitor completely eliminated the effect of ACh on SDF-1α expression. Functionally, VNS promoted arteriogenesis and improved left ventricular performance, which could be abolished by Ad-shSDF-1α. Thus, VNS altered the VSMC metabolism pattern and arteriogenesis to repair the infarcted heart by inducing SDF-1α expression, which was associated with the m/nAChR-Akt signaling pathway.
Reducing Mortality and Morbidity in Children with Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Switzerland: the Role of Newborn Screening
Authors: Soomann Maarja , Prader Seraina , Pinto Monteiro Aline , Zeilhofer Ulrike , Hauri-Hohl Mathias , Güngör Tayfun , Pachlopnik Schmid Jana , Trück Johannes , Felber Matthias 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNewborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has been introduced in various countries with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. However, studies analyzing outcomes before and after the implementation of NBS programs remain limited. This study sought to compare the outcomes of SCID patients identified through Switzerland’s national SCID NBS program, introduced in January 2019, with those of a historical cohort diagnosed between 2007 and 2019. The study included seven patients (32%) identified through NBS, and 15 (68%) born before NBS implementation and diagnosed based on clinical signs. Children in the NBS group were younger at diagnosis (median age 9 days vs 9 months, P = .002) and at hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT, median age 5 months vs 11 months, P = .003) compared to the clinical group. The NBS group had a lower incidence of infections before HSCT (29% vs 93%, P = .004). Although not statistically significant, the overall survival rate on last follow-up was higher in the NBS group (86% vs 67%, P = .62). Importantly, patients with active infections undergoing HSCT had a significantly lower overall survival probability compared to those without (P = .01). In conclusion, the introduction of NBS in Switzerland has led to earlier and often asymptomatic diagnosis of affected children, enabling timely intervention, infection prevention, and prompt treatment. These factors have contributed to higher survival rates in the NBS group. These findings underscore the critical importance of NBS for SCID, offering potential life-saving benefits through early detection and intervention.
Let Slip the Dogs of Commerce: The Ethics of Voluntary Corporate Withdrawal in Response to War
Authors: Ó Laoghaire Tadhg 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOver 1000 companies have either curtailed or else completely ceased operations in Russia as a response to its invasion of Ukraine, a mass corporate exodus of a speed and scale which we’ve never seen. While corporate withdrawal appears to have considerable public support, it’s not obvious that it has done anything to hamper the Russian war effort, nor is it clear what the long-run effects of corporate withdrawal as a regularised response to war might be. Given this, it’s important the evaluate the ethical merits of such a response. In this paper I critique what I take to be the two most common arguments given in favour of voluntary corporate withdrawal, which I label ‘the instrumental argument’ and ‘the clean hands argument’ respectively. After illustrating their shortcomings, I reframe corporations’ predicament as a ‘spattered hands’ case—one where they may do good by remaining in a war-waging state, but where they contribute indirectly to grave wrongdoing by doing so. Drawing on ideas from the ‘Business for Peace’ and ‘Business and Human Rights’ literature, I highlight the potentially positive role of corporate presence within war-waging countries, before highlighting four considerations which corporations ought to bear in mind when determining whether to withdraw, or whether it is the lesser evil to stay and to let their hands be spattered.
DC-programming for neural network optimizations
Authors: Awasthi Pranjal , Mao Anqi , Mohri Mehryar , Zhong Yutao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe discuss two key problems related to learning and optimization of neural networks: the computation of the adversarial attack for adversarial robustness and approximate optimization of complex functions. We show that both problems can be cast as instances of DC-programming. We give an explicit decomposition of the corresponding functions as differences of convex functions (DC) and report the results of experiments demonstrating the effectiveness of the DCA algorithm applied to these problems.
Energy-Stable Global Radial Basis Function Methods on Summation-By-Parts Form
Authors: Glaubitz Jan , Nordström Jan , Öffner Philipp 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRadial basis function methods are powerful tools in numerical analysis and have demonstrated good properties in many different simulations. However, for time-dependent partial differential equations, only a few stability results are known. In particular, if boundary conditions are included, stability issues frequently occur. The question we address in this paper is how provable stability for RBF methods can be obtained. We develop a stability theory for global radial basis function methods using the general framework of summation-by-parts operators often used in the Finite Difference and Finite Element communities. Although we address their practical construction, we restrict the discussion to basic numerical simulations and focus on providing a proof of concept.
Techno-economic assessment of atmospheric CO2-based carbon fibre production enabling negative emissions
Authors: Keiner Dominik , Mühlbauer Andreas , Lopez Gabriel , Koiranen Tuomas , Breyer Christian 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe fight against global warming requires novel approaches for the defossilisation of industrial processes, and the limitation of global warming requires options for negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The production of carbon fibre (CF) is an energy-intensive chain of processes which cause CO2 emissions. Having in mind the high market growth for CF composite materials, CF production might stand against the fight against global warming. CF also offers a huge mitigation opportunity, as CF contain up to 95–98wt% of pure carbon. This study investigates possible ways to link CF production to atmospheric CO2, enabling negative CO2 emissions through CF manufacturing. Production value chains for CF based on poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) and pitch, the two most important CF precursor materials, are developed and analysed regarding their energy and mass balances. The PAN value chain is further assessed regarding a first economic estimation of CF production cost with atmospheric CO2 as carbon source. The results show that production costs per ton CO2 removed might be unattractive at 2949 €/tCO2 in 2050. However, from a CF perspective, production cost of 10.3 €/kgCF in 2050 might enable a business case for electricity-based CF production from atmospheric CO2 in the future. Each ton of CF produced can store about 3.5 tCO2 due to a very high carbon share in the final product. With an increasing market for CF, a total negative emission potential of at least 0.7 GtCO2 per year can be enabled by 2050. Further research opportunities are discussed.
Upregulation of BRCA1 and 2 protein expression is associated with dysregulation in amino acids profiles in breast cancer
Authors: Saleem Tahia H. , Rizk Mohamed A. , Abdelhafez Nashwa F. , Sabra Ahmed , Radwan Eman 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of breast cancer (BC) is high among cancers in Egypt, ranking it the most common cause of cancer mortality in women. BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressors proteins have a specific relationship with BC. Plasma free amino acids levels (PFAAs) have been reported to exhibit altered profiles among cancer patients. Thus, the present study aims to examine the alteration of the PFAAs profiles and investigate their association with BRCA1 and 2 circulating levels in Egyptian females diagnosed with BC and in females with family history of BC to establish potential early detection strategies for BC.

Methods and results
This study included 26 BC patients, 22 females with family history of BC (relatives) in addition to 38 healthy females as control group. Quantitative measurement of PFAAs was determined by the ion exchange separation method through high performance liquid chromatography. BRCA1 and BRCA2 concentrations were determined using ELISA. Our results showed PFAAs profiles in BC patients and in females with BC family history with significant upregulation in mean plasma levels of Alanine, Phenylalanine, Glutamate and Cysteine and downregulation of Taurine, Threonine, Serine, Glycine, Valine, Methionine and Histidine levels compared to controls. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma BRCA1 and Valine levels while a significant negative correlation was observed between BRCA2 and Lysine plasma levels.

Conclusion
PFAAs profile can potentially be used in early screening for BC patients and for susceptible females.
The determinants of decision time in an ambiguous context
Authors: Conte Anna , De Santis Gianmarco , Hey John D. , Soraperra Ivan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper builds on the data from a published paper on behaviour under ambiguity (Conte & Hey, 2013)—henceforth C&H—to explore the determinants of decision time. C&H categorized individual subjects as being of one of four types (of decision-maker)—Expected Utility, Smooth Ambiguity, Rank Dependent and Alpha Expected Utility—by using the decisions of the subjects, but did not look at the decision times of the different types. We take as given the categorization identified by C&H, and explore whether the classification can explain the decision times of the subjects. We investigate whether and why different types take a different amount of time to decide. We explore the effects of various features related to (mainly psychological) theories of the process of decision-making—i.e., experience with the task, complexity, closeness to indifference and similarity of the options. Our results show that different types take a similar time to make their decisions on average, but decision times of different types are explained by different features of the decision task. This paper is the first investigating the heterogeneity of decision times based on a classification of subjects into different types in an ambiguous (rather than risky) decision context.