bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Dementia and Delirium: Balancing Identity and Interests in Advance Directives
Authors: Rutenkröger M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe moral authority of advance directives (ADs) in the context of persons living with dementia (PLWD) has sparked a multifaceted debate, encompassing concerns such as authenticity and the appropriate involvement of caregivers. Dresser critiques ADs based on Parfit's account of numeric personal identity, using the often‐discussed case of a PLWD called Margo. She claims that dementia leads to a new manifestation of Margo emerging, which then contracts pneumonia. Dworkin proposes that critical interests, concerning one's higher moral values, trump experiential interests (things or activities one enjoys because they are pleasurable). Dresser argues that Margo's current experiential interests override her self's critical ones, as they contribute significantly to her quality of life (QoL). To render the argument more realistic, I introduce a variation in which Margo develops delirium, a common and severe comorbidity in PLWD. I argue that delirium could precipitate a sudden decline in experiential interests and, consequently, a deterioration in QoL. Given the uncertain trajectory of Margo's illness, I contend that her competent self's critical interests, as reflected in her AD, along with her right to self‐ownership, should take precedence over current experiential interests. Thus, the AD possesses moral authority. However, it is imperative for healthcare professionals to offer consultations for PLWD, facilitating an understanding of ADs and enabling a shared decision‐making process. Such consultations are essential for honouring the autonomy and dignity of PLWD, ensuring that their values and preferences guide ethical decision‐making amidst the complexities of dementia care.
On My Own: Boosting Financial Literacy Among Disadvantaged Youth in Peru
Authors: Boyd Chris M. , Ramos Duffaut Jaime 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTYoung adults can greatly benefit from financial education because they are starting to earn money and manage their personal finances. We use a randomised control trial to estimate the impacts of #PorMiCuenta (#OnMyOwn), an online asynchronous edutainment‐based financial education program, on financial literacy among poor post‐secondary scholarship recipients. We find this program has a large take‐up (74%) and it improves financial knowledge (by 19.7 percentage points (p.p.)), abilities (22.8 p.p.), attitudes (23.7 p.p.), and behaviour (16.5 p.p.). Our findings suggest this type of financial education approach can be very effective and useful for targeting disadvantaged young adults.
Enhanced Procedural Efficacy in Typical Atrial Flutter Ablation With a Visualizable Steerable Sheath
Authors: Fuding Guo , Xiaohua Zhao , Sen Yang , Chende He , Mei Lu , Jing Yang , Dongyan Li , Qiwei Liao , Shaolong Li 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Vizigo sheath, a novel visualizable steerable sheath, has been utilized effectively in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation. However, its application in the ablation of typical atrial flutter (AFL) remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of the Vizigo sheath against a conventional fixed sheath during catheter ablation for typical AFL.MethodsThis single‐center cohort study involved 60 patients undergoing their first AFL ablation procedure. Patients were divided into two groups: the Vizigo sheath group and the fixed sheath group. The primary endpoints included procedural efficiency, lesion quality, and recurrence rates.ResultsThe Vizigo sheath demonstrated significant advantages over the fixed sheath, including a shorter procedure time (59.8 ± 13.8 vs. 71.5 ± 11.8 min; p = 0.0008) and reduced fluoroscopy duration (0.96 ± 0.32 vs. 1.31 ± 0.24 min; p < 0.0001). The initial bidirectional block rate was also higher in the Vizigo sheath group (84% vs. 68%). A detailed analysis of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) revealed significant differences in the anterior 2/3 of the CTI, where the Vizigo sheath demonstrated greater catheter contact force, higher ablation index, increased force‐time integral, and larger impedance drops (all p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between groups in the posterior 1/3 of the CTI. Both groups achieved a 100% acute procedural success rate, with no major complications reported. During a mean follow‐up period of 18.68 months, the AFL recurrence rates were comparable between the two groups (p = 0.75).ConclusionsThe Vizigo sheath enhances procedural efficiency and lesion quality during AFL ablation, particularly in challenging anatomical regions, and offers notable advantages over traditional fixed sheaths. Further studies are needed to assess its long‐term clinical benefits.
Leadless Pacemaker Implantation Following Lead Extraction in a Patient With Recent Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Repair
Authors: Segreti Luca , Torre Marco , Parollo Matteo , Pistelli Lorenzo , Cori Andrea Di , Zucchelli Giulio 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis case details the successful implantation of a leadless pacemaker following the extraction of transvenous leads in a 72‐year‐old female patient with a complex cardiovascular history. The patient had undergone a series of cardiac interventions, including a recent percutaneous tricuspid valve repair with a metal clip implant due to severe regurgitation. After presenting with an infection at the pacemaker site, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus hominis was identified, necessitating the removal of the entire pacing system. A leadless pacemaker was subsequently implanted without complications, despite the recent tricuspid valve repair. This case highlights the efficacy and safety of leadless pacemakers in complex clinical scenarios, especially when traditional transvenous systems are no longer viable due to infections or other complications. The report underscores the importance of personalized management strategies for cardiac device infections, illustrating that leadless pacemakers offer a feasible and safe alternative even in patients with previous valvular interventions.Summary
The increasing rate of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) implantations and of CIED‐related complications highlight the importance of transvenous lead extraction (TLE). TLE scenario is constantly evolving and it is a key procedure in lead management strategies.
Leadless pacemaker (LP) implant is an effective and safe procedure in patients still requiring a ventricular pacing after TLE, with similar electrical performance and outcome compared with naïve patients at long‐term follow‐up.
LPs represent an innovative and feasible option even in specific situations such as after transcatheter tricuspid valve repair.
Sensory Symptoms as an Early Manifestation of Active Vitiligo: A Case–Control Clinical and Molecular Study
Authors: El Sayed Hagar , El Wakeel Hala , Nour Zeinab , Mohyeeldeen Riham , Hafez Vanessa 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVitiligo pathogenesis is complex. There is some evidence in support of the neurohormonal pathways involved. Although considered a nonpruritic condition, some patients may experience itching, which can occur ahead of the appearance of the patches. We aimed to assess sensory symptoms in active and stable vitiligo patients and to measure 3 neuropeptide expressions in their lesional skin (neuropeptide Y [NPY], calcitonin gene–related peptide [CGRP], and nerve growth factors [NGF]) to correlate neuropeptide levels and sensory symptoms, with vitiligo activity. This case–control study included 85 patients, aged 18 years and older, analyzed into active or stable vitiligo groups. Patients were screened for itching or other abnormal neurological sensations such as paresthesia and numbness. The Vitiligo Disease Activity Score, Vitiligo Signs of Activity Score, and dermoscopic score were performed to assess disease activity. Three neuropeptides were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in skin biopsies from the edge of vitiligo lesions. A normal control group was also included. Results showed that 24.7% of patients had sensory symptoms: itching (18.8%), paresthesia (2.4%), and numbness (3.5%). The NGF, CGRP, and NPY levels were significantly higher in skin of normal controls compared to stable and active vitiligo patients. They were lowest in active vitiligo skin (p = 0.001, 0.016, and 0.01, respectively). NGF was the most relevant neuropeptide to vitiligo activity and sensory manifestations. In conclusion, almost one‐third of the patients with active vitiligo reported sensory symptoms, predominantly itching, thus sensory manifestations may suggest a prodroma of activity and could be included in the screening tools for vitiligo activity.Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05390164).
Investigation of the effect of salt stress on photosynthetic electron transport pathways in the SynechocystisPCC 6803 cyanobacterium
Authors: Patil Priyanka Pradeep , Kodru Sandeesha , Szabó Milán , Vass Imre 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCyanobacteria are important model organisms for studying the process of photosynthesis and the effects of environmental stress factors. This study aimed to identify the inhibitory sites of NaCl in the whole photosynthetic electron transport in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 WT cells by using multiple biophysical tools. Exposure of cells to various NaCl concentrations (200 mM to 1 M) revealed the inhibition of Photosystem II (PSII) activity at the water oxidizing complex and between the QA and QB electron acceptors. In contrast to the inhibition of PSII, electron flow through Photosystem I (PSI) was accelerated, indicating enhanced cyclic electron flow. The oxygen‐evolving capacity of the cells was inhibited to a larger extent when only CO2 was the final electron acceptor in the Calvin‐Benson‐Bassham (CBB) cycle than in the presence of the PSII electron acceptor DMBQ, suggesting important NaCl inhibitory site(s) downstream of PSI. Measurements of NADPH kinetics revealed NaCl‐induced inhibition of light‐induced production of NADPH as well as retardation of NADPH consumption both in the light and in the initial dark period after switching off the light. Chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics, measured in parallel with NADPH fluorescence, showed the enhancement of post‐illumination fluorescence rise up to 500 mM NaCl, which was however inhibited at higher NaCl concentrations. Our results show, for the first time, that NaCl inhibits the activity of the CBB cycle at least at two different sites, and confirm earlier results about the NaCl‐induced inhibition of the PSII donor and acceptor side and the enhancement of electron flow through PSI.
Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal potential mechanisms of potato tuber dormancy release
Authors: Liu Hao , Wang Hongyang , Feng Youhong , Yang Yan , Feng Cai , Li Junhua , Zaman Qamar ur , Kong Yunxin , Fahad Shah , Deng Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRegulating potato tuber dormancy is crucial for crop productivity and food security. We conducted the first comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic investigations of two varieties of long and short dormant potato tubers in order to clarify the mechanisms of dormancy release. In the current study, three different dormant stages of UGT (ungerminated tubers), MGT (minimally germinated tubers), and GT (germinated tubers) were obtained by treatment with the germination promoter gibberellin A3 and the germination inhibitor chlorpropham. The results revealed that the contents of reducing reducing sugar, sucrase, glutamine synthetase, and nitrate reductase were increased in the dormancy release stages, whereas the contents of sucrose and starch were decreased, leading to a change in the phenotype of the potato tuber bud eyes. According to transcriptomic and metabolomic investigations, four metabolomic pathways were impacted by the dormancy release process. Zeatin biosynthesis was identified in both potato varieties in the dormant release stage (trans‐zeatin riboside, isopentenyl adenosine, 5′‐methylthioadenosine, IPT, CYP735A, CKX, and UGT73C); glutathione metabolism was identified in short‐dormant potato varieties ((5‐L‐Glutamyl)‐L‐amino acid, oxidized glutathione, GPX, IDH1, GGT1_5, and GST); and the pentose phosphate pathway (D‐Xylulose 5‐phosphate, ribose 1‐phosphate, PGD, and RPIA) and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (caffeic acid, sinapine, CYP98A, and CSE) were identified in long‐dormant potato varieties. In conclusion, the four pathways mentioned above involve DEGs and DEMs that are crucial to the control of tuber dormancy release. This work offers a theoretical foundation and useful recommendations for potato tuber quality improvement and molecular breeding.
Measuring Realistic Emotional Perception With EEG: A Comparison of Multimodal Videos and Naturalistic Scenes
Authors: Farkas Andrew H. , Gehr Matthew C. , Jia Han , Sabatinelli Dean 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEmotional experiences involve dynamic multisensory perception, yet most EEG research uses unimodal stimuli such as naturalistic scene photographs. Recent research suggests that realistic emotional videos reliably reduce the amplitude of a steady‐state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) elicited by a flickering border. Here, we examine the extent to which this video‐ssVEP measure compares with the well‐established Late Positive Potential (LPP) that is reliably larger for emotional relative to neutral scenes. To address this question, 45 participants viewed 90 matched pairs of realistic videos and scenes. Consistent with prior work, reduced 7–8 Hz ssVEP amplitude was evident during emotional relative to neutral videos. However, this reduction in power was not specific to the driving frequency of 7.5 Hz, and in fact, Fourier transformation analyses limited to 7.5 Hz were not modulated by video content. Still, at the group level, the video‐driven reductions in 7–8 Hz power and LPP modulation by scenes produced similarly large valence effects, and both measures strongly correlated with arousal ratings. Consistent with previous research, the scene‐LPP was sensitive to specific emotional contents (erotica and gore) somewhat inconsistent arousal ratings. In contrast, the video‐driven oscillation modulation did not show this content sensitivity and was better explained by individual arousal ratings per video clip. In sum, these results show that the 7.5 Hz flickering‐border paradigm does not index emotional engagement with video stimuli, yet emotional videos do evoke robust decreases in 3–10 Hz oscillatory power that is somewhat distinct from emotional modulation of the scene‐evoked LPP.Matched emotional video and scenes evoke large EEG responses compared with neutral content within‐participant. Our findings align with previous research indicating that video modulation of power around the evoked 7.5 Hz ssVEP frequency (7–8 Hz) serves as a reliable emotional measure. However, further analyses reveal that this effect is attributable to a general decrease in power across the 3–10 Hz frequency range.
How Populists Rally Around the People: Evidence from the Yellow Vests Movement Using an Embedding Regression Model
Authors: Gonthier Frédéric 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis research bridges populism and populist social movement studies to address the question of how left‐ and right‐wing populists unite in a common social movement. Using the novel “à la carte” (ALC) embedding regression model, it analyzes a unique dataset of 5,342 protesters and supporters from the Yellow Vests movement in France, capturing their understandings of the People from responses to open‐ended questions. Findings reveal that while left‐ and right‐wing populists diverge in their understandings of the People, differences are not politically divisive and do not preclude common vocabularies allowing for identification with the movement. This study contributes to the literature by showcasing the innovative application of the embedding regression method to textual data collected during social movements. Whereas research on the subject is predominantly qualitative, this study employs quantitative techniques to demonstrate that identification with the People fosters a unified movement despite divergent political beliefs and contrasting social identity frames.
The Novel HLA‐DQA1*02:39 Allele Characterised by Two Different Sequencing‐Based Typing Techniques
Authors: Dhuyser Adèle , Pérès Michaël , Morel Thomas , Clément Sandra , Aarnink Alice 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe novel allele HLA‐DQA1*02:39 differs from HLA‐DQA1*02:01:01:01 by one non‐synonymous nucleotide substitution in exon 2.
The Delusional Hedge Algorithm as a Model of Human Learning From Diverse Opinions
Authors: Chuang Yun‐Shiuan , Zhu Xiaojin , Rogers Timothy T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWhereas cognitive models of learning often assume direct experience with both the features of an event and with a true label or outcome, much of everyday learning arises from hearing the opinions of others, without direct access to either the experience or the ground‐truth outcome. We consider how people can learn which opinions to trust in such scenarios by extending the hedge algorithm: a classic solution for learning from diverse information sources. We first introduce a semi‐supervised variant we call the delusional hedge capable of learning from both supervised and unsupervised experiences. In two experiments, we examine the alignment between human judgments and predictions from the standard hedge, the delusional hedge, and a heuristic baseline model. Results indicate that humans effectively incorporate both labeled and unlabeled information in a manner consistent with the delusional hedge algorithm—suggesting that human learners not only gauge the accuracy of information sources but also their consistency with other reliable sources. The findings advance our understanding of human learning from diverse opinions, with implications for the development of algorithms that better capture how people learn to weigh conflicting information sources.
Dimerization among multiple NAC proteins mediates secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fibers
Authors: Chen Feng , Qiao Mengfei , Chen Li , Liu Min , Luo Jingwen , Gao Yanan , Li Mengyun , Cai Jinglong , Persson Staffan , Huang Gengqing , Xu Wenliang 
Published: January 2025

SUMMARYCotton fibers, essentially cellulosic secondary cell walls (SCWs) when mature, are the most important raw material for natural textiles. SCW cellulose biosynthesis determines fiber thickness and industrially important fiber quality parameters, such as fiber strength and fiber length. However, transcriptional regulatory networks controlling fiber SCW cellulose formation remain incomplete. Here, we identify eight NAC domain proteins (GhNACs) that are involved in fiber SCW cellulose synthesis. These eight GhNACs can form pairwise heterodimers that may act as dimers, or perhaps even as an octameric protein complex, to transactivate GhCesA expression. Moreover, heterodimerization of GhNACs can in different combinations synergistically activate GhCesA genes. Through our analyses of transcription factor—DNA and transcription factor—transcription factor interactions, we propose a multi‐layered transcriptional regulatory network in which the regulation of SCW cellulose biosynthesis in cotton fiber is mediated by multiple NAC protein dimers. These findings enhance our understanding of the roles of NAC proteins in SCW formation and offer new insights into fiber‐specific transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of cellulose synthesis.
Use of full‐thickness mesh grafts and full‐thickness meek micrografts in five horses with ear skin defects caused by trauma or neoplasm resection
Authors: Resetic Nina , Comino Francesco , Wilmink Jacintha , Gorvy Dylan A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesTo report the management and outcomes of five horses with ear skin defects treated with the use of full‐thickness mesh grafts and full‐thickness Meek micrografts.AnimalsFive horses with acute or granulating pinna skin wounds.Study designShort case series.MethodsA full‐thickness graft was harvested from the pectoral region under general anesthesia. The sheet graft was stretched on a sterile plastic board with the epidermal side facing down. The subcutaneous fat and fascia were removed by sharp dissection. The skin graft was then meshed by hand or using a block mesher, or manually cut into micrografts, and transferred to the ear wounds. Cyanoacrylate glue or staples were used to fixate the graft. Immobilization was achieved with a thermoplastic splint, stockinette and an adhesive elastic bandage.ResultsA full‐thickness meshed sheet graft was used in two horses to cover a fresh or granulating degloving wound, and in two horses to cover a fresh skin defect after excision of a cutaneous neoplasm. A full‐thickness Meek micrograft was used in one horse to cover a granulating degloving wound. Complete acceptance of the graft was achieved in all five cases within 2 weeks after grafting, with a good to excellent cosmetic appearance and retained function of the pinna.ConclusionFull‐thickness meshed sheet grafts or full‐thickness Meek micrografts provide an effective treatment for ear skin defects with an excellent outcome regardless of etiology.
An IgM Cleaving Enzyme for Clearance of Anti‐Pig Xenoreactive Antibodies in a Nonhuman Primate Model
Authors: Martinino Alessandro , Smith Timothy J. , Elmore Zachary C. , Yoon Janghoon , Ladowski Joseph , Schiliro Davide , Hull Joshua A. , Schwalb Allie , Hu Meghan , Spangler Ryan , Lee Kyo Won , Kim Min Jung , Williams Kyha , Jackson Annette , Knechtle Stuart J. , Asokan Aravind , Kwun Jean 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe removal of preformed antibodies with cleaving enzyme like IdeS (Imlifidase) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in organ transplantation for sensitized recipients. However, preformed xenoreactive antibodies (XAbs) against porcine glycans are predominantly IgM and considered detrimental in pig‐to‐human xenotransplantation.MethodsRecombinant IceM, an endopeptidase cleaving IgM, was generated in Escherichia coli. Four maximally MHC‐mismatched rhesus macaques underwent two serial skin transplantations to model allosensitized patients awaiting xenotransplantation. IceM was administered IV in allosensitized animals at 28 and 56 days after the first skin transplantation to assess in vivo IgM cleavage. Total IgG and IgM were quantified with western blot, and anti‐pig (xenoreactive) IgG/IgM were evaluated using flowcrossmatch. B cell and its subpopulations were assessed using flow cytometry.ResultsIceM selectively cleaved human IgM, while showing no cleavage activity toward other isotypes including IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Additionally, IceM cleaves only human and non‐human primate IgM in vitro, but not in sera from other species. At a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, IceM reduced xenoreactive IgM levels to 13.76% ± 4.98% of baseline (B cell flow crossmatch) at 24 h post‐administration, with baseline levels restored approximately 2 weeks after treatment. Additionally, animals showed similar kinetics of xenoreative IgM degradation with the repeated dose of IceM.ConclusionIn this study, we report a recombinant bacterial enzyme that selectively cleaves IgM in human and non‐human primate sera. Repeat administration of IceM in macaques enables selective, robust clearance of circulating xenoreactive IgM. This approach will be useful in treating preformed natural and rebound IgM in xenotransplantation.