bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow the Leader: Parent- and Child-led Synchrony in Competitive and Cooperative play
Authors: Yarmolovsky Jessica , Geva Ronny 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSocial interactions involve both cooperation to achieve a shared goal and competition over shared resources and rewards. The ability to engage in inter-personal coordination is an important measure of socio-emotional and cognitive well-being. Both cooperation and competition require interpersonal coordination, however with different motivational backgrounds. Competition is defined by a higher level of extrinsic motivation, while cooperation is related to more intrinsic motivation. In the context of the parent-child dyad, each individual has different motivations and contributions to the dyad. The parent’s and child’s sense of competitiveness and contribution to inter-personal synchrony will presumably differ from each other and adapt to one another. The current research employed Motion Energy Analysis, an objective measure of coordination of movements between individuals, to measure motor in-phase and anti-phase synchrony during parent-child cooperative and competitive play, with a focus on parent and child-led synchrony. Findings highlight that parents rate themselves as less competitive than their children rate themselves; with no such difference noted in cooperation. Further, parent-led motor synchrony is defined more by in-phase coordination in competition, especially when the interaction is novel. Alternatively, child-led motor synchrony is more anti-phase during competition. In cooperation parents and children lead synchrony to the same extent and in the same phase. Current findings highlight that parent’s and children uniquely adjust their leading behaviors in synchrony in competition, presumably adjusting their behavior to accommodate a complex situation. Given the importance of cooperative and competitive interactions to overall social well-being, and the parent’s role of modeling behaviors for their child, findings may direct future guidance and treatment plans that will promote social development.
Mixed reality in surgical telepresence: a novel extended mean value cloning with automatic trimap generation and accurate alpha matting for visualization
Authors: Dallakoti Roshan , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P. W. C. , Al Aloussi Sarmad , Rashid Tarik A. , Alsadoon Omar Hisham , Alrubaie Ahmad , Haddad Sami 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this research is to propose an extended mean value cloning algorithm with automatic trimap generation and accurate alpha matting. This implementation improves the visualization accuracy of the merged video by reducing the discolored and smudging artefacts of the remote surgeon’s boundary. It also makes the merge robust for the illumination changes by taking less processing time in real time surgery. The proposed system uses automatic trimap generation from the source video for accurate foreground extraction. Extended mean value cloning with gradient mixing is then applied for the cloning with optimized alpha matting for accurate and realistic video composition. The proposed system improved the visualization accuracy by providing almost 99.7% visibility of the pixels compared to the state-of-the-art solution, which provides 99.1% visibility of pixels. The overlay error was reduced from 0.93 mm to 0.63 mm. The processing time was also reduced. The proposed solution processed 8 frames per second, which is less time than the state-of-the-art solution, which processed 5 frames per second. The extended mean value cloning smooths the differences that presented in the target and source frames for seamless and realistic blending of pixels. The automatic trimap generation reduced the risk of false foreground selection and the generated optimal trimaps improved the alpha matte quality, which is optimized to reduce the smudging artefacts completely and to produce accurate visualization of the final merged image.
A procedural perspective on academic spin-off creation: the changing relative importance of the academic and the commercial sphere
Authors: Cantner Uwe , Doerr Philip , Goethner Maximilian , Huegel Matthias , Kalthaus Martin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcademic scientists who commercialize their research findings via spin-off creation have to transition from the academic sphere to the commercial sphere. Along this spin-off creation process, they face challenges adapting to the conflicting logics of these spheres. We hypothesize that throughout the three phases of this process, the importance of the academic sphere decreases while the importance of the commercial sphere increases. We collected a representative sample of 1,149 scientists from the German state of Thuringia. To test our hypotheses, we apply dominance analysis and estimate the relative importance of the two spheres. In line with our hypotheses, the importance of the academic sphere declines and the importance of the commercial sphere increases at the beginning of the process. Towards the end of the process, we observe a further decline in the relative importance of the academic sphere, but, unexpectedly, also a decline for the commercial sphere. Notably, our results show that the commercial sphere is in general more important than the academic sphere throughout the process. Our results challenge existing conceptualizations that emphasize the importance of the academic sphere, especially at the beginning of the spin-off founding process. The results provide intervention points for policy measures to promote academic spin-offs.
Results of Symptom Validity Testing in Portuguese Prison Inmates: The Influence of Educational Level, Age, and Conviction Status
Authors: Silva Emanuel , Merten Thomas , Venâncio Ana Cláudia , Pinheiro Débora , Alberto Isabel M. , Simões Mário R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCurrent guidelines for psychological assessment recommend the use of multiple validity measures in an evaluation protocol, particularly in forensic settings. As such, self-report instruments which detect distorted symptom reporting have become essential. We studied a pooled sample of 240 male inmates with the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS), and the Symptom Validity Scale–Version 2 (EVS-2). Concurrent validity was analyzed via correlations between all three symptom validity tests (SVTs), revealing strong associations (rho ranging from .72 to .79), and ROC analyses yielded areas under the curve (AUC) values over .9 for every model. Base rates of SVT failure ranged from 7.9 to 13.3% using the most conservative cutoff scores, although true and false positive rates were not established. Education was shown to have a statistically significant effect on the mean results of the three SVTs (rho ranging from − 162 to − 283), associating lower educational levels with more bogus symptom endorsement. The influence of age and conviction status (pre-trial vs. post-trial) on the SIMS results was statistically significant as well (rho estimates of .171 and − 232). With data showing robust construct validity and excellent predictive accuracy, the instruments were shown to be adequate for use in the Portuguese prison context, but further research is required, in particular using forensic inpatients and clinical populations, and including systematic data on the presence of mental disorders.
Using Explainability to Inform Statistical Downscaling Based on Deep Learning Beyond Standard Validation Approaches
Authors: González‐Abad Jose , Baño‐Medina Jorge , Gutiérrez José Manuel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDeep learning (DL) has emerged as a promising tool to downscale climate projections at regional‐to‐local scales from large‐scale atmospheric fields following the perfect‐prognosis approach. Given their complexity, it is crucial to properly evaluate these methods, especially when applied to changing climatic conditions where the ability to extrapolate/generalize is key. In this work, we intercompare several DL models extracted from the literature for the same challenging use‐case (downscaling temperature in the CORDEX North America domain) and expand standard evaluation methods building on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques. Specifically, we introduce two novel XAI‐based diagnostics—Aggregated Saliency Map and Saliency Dispersion Maps—and show how they can be used to unravel the internal behavior of these models, aiding in their design and evaluation. This work advocates for the introduction of XAI techniques into deep downscaling evaluation frameworks, especially when working with large regions and/or under climate change conditions.
The invisible witness: air and dust as DNA evidence of human occupancy in indoor premises
Authors: Fantinato Chiara , Fonneløp Ane Elida , Bleka Øyvind , Vigeland Magnus Dehli , Gill Peter 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHumans constantly shed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into the surrounding environment. This DNA may either remain suspended in the air or it settles onto surfaces as indoor dust. In this study, we explored the potential use of human DNA recovered from air and dust to investigate crimes where there are no visible traces available—for example, from a recently vacated drugs factory where multiple workers had been present. Samples were collected from three indoor locations (offices, meeting rooms and laboratories) characterized by different occupancy types and cleaning regimes. The resultant DNA profiles were compared with the reference profiles of 55 occupants of the premises. Our findings showed that indoor dust samples are rich sources of DNA and provide an historical record of occupants within the specific locality of collection. Detectable levels of DNA were also observed in air and dust samples from ultra-clean forensic laboratories which can potentially contaminate casework samples. We provide a Bayesian statistical model to estimate the minimum number of dust samples needed to detect all inhabitants of a location. The results of this study suggest that air and dust could become novel sources of DNA evidence to identify current and past occupants of a crime scene.
Domestication and breeding objective did not shape the interpretation of physical and social cues in goats (Capra hircus)
Authors: Nawroth Christian , Wiesmann Katrina , Schlup Peter , Keil Nina , Langbein Jan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractArtificial selection by humans, either through domestication or subsequent selection for specific breeding objectives, drives changes in animal cognition and behaviour. However, most previous cognitive research comparing domestic and wild animals has focused on companion animals such as canids, limiting any general claims about the effects of artificial selection by humans. Using a cognitive test battery, we investigated the ability of wild goats (non-domestic, seven subjects), dwarf goats (domestic, not selected for milk production, 15 subjects) and dairy goats (domestic, selected for high milk yield, 18 subjects) to utilise physical and social cues in an object choice task. To increase the heterogeneity of our test samples, data for domestic goats were collected by two experimenters at two research stations (Agroscope; Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology). We did not find performance differences between the three groups in the cognitive test battery for either physical or social cues. This indicates that for a domestic non-companion animal species, domestication and selection for certain breeding objectives did not measurably shape the physical and cognitive skills of goats.
Improved artificial intelligence discrimination of minor histological populations by supplementing with color-adjusted images
Authors: Hatta Satomi , Ichiuji Yoshihito , Mabu Shingo , Kugler Mauricio , Hontani Hidekata , Okoshi Tadakazu , Fuse Haruki , Kawada Takako , Kido Shoji , Imamura Yoshiaki , Naiki Hironobu , Inai Kunihiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDespite the dedicated research of artificial intelligence (AI) for pathological images, the construction of AI applicable to histopathological tissue subtypes, is limited by insufficient dataset collection owing to disease infrequency. Here, we present a solution involving the addition of supplemental tissue array (TA) images that are adjusted to the tonality of the main data using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to the training data for rare tissue types. F1 scores of rare tissue types that constitute < 1.2% of the training data were significantly increased by improving recall values after adding color-adjusted TA images constituting < 0.65% of total training patches. The detector also enabled the equivalent discrimination of clinical images from two distinct hospitals and the capability was more increased following color-correction of test data before AI identification (F1 score from 45.2 ± 27.1 to 77.1 ± 10.3, p < 0.01). These methods also classified intraoperative frozen sections, while excessive supplementation paradoxically decreased F1 scores. These results identify strategies for building an AI that preserves the imbalance between training data with large differences in actual disease frequencies, which is important for constructing AI for practical histopathological classification.
Naturally occurring canine laminopathy leading to a dilated and fibrosing cardiomyopathy in the Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Authors: Bannasch Danika L. , Oertle Danielle T. , Vo Julia , Batcher Kevin L. , Stern Joshua A. , Kaplan Joanna L. , Li Ronald H. L. , Madden Indiana E. , Christen Matthias , Leeb Tosso , Joshi Nikhil 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by decreased systolic function and dilation of one or both ventricles, often leading to heart failure or sudden death. Two 10-month-old sibling Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers (NSDTR) died acutely with evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy with myocardial fibrosis. Association analysis using two cases and 35 controls identified three candidate regions homozygous in the two cases. Whole genome sequencing identified a frameshift deletion in the LMNA gene (NC_049228.1:g.41688530del, NP_001274080:p.(Asp576ThrfsTer124)). Three retrospectively identified NSDTRs with sudden death before 2 years of age and severe myocardial fibrosis were also homozygous for the deletion. One 5 year old with sudden death and myocardial fibrosis was heterozygous for the deletion. This variant was not identified in 722 dogs of other breeds, nor was it identified to be homozygous in 784 NSDTR. LMNA codes for lamin A/C proteins, which are type V intermediate filaments that provide structural support to the nuclear membrane. In humans, LMNA variants can cause DCM with sudden death as well as diseases of striated muscles, lipodystrophy, neuropathies, and accelerated aging disorders. This frameshift deletion is predicted to affect processing of prelamin A into lamin A. Pedigree analysis in the NSDTR and functional evaluation of heterozygotes is consistent with a predominantly recessive mode of inheritance and possibly low penetrance in heterozygotes in contrast to people, where most pathogenic LMNA variants are dominantly inherited.
Versicherte mit Erwerbsminderungsrisiko: Identifikation, Analyse der
Inanspruchnahme eines Beratungsangebots und Darstellung der gesundheitlichen und
beruflichen Situation – Eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Passier Ines , Kröger Christoph , Kobelt-Pönicke Axel 
Published: November 2023

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die vorliegende Studie untersucht vergleichend Versicherte
mit moderatem und hohem Erwerbsminderungsrisiko der Deutschen Rentenversicherung
Braunschweig - Hannover (DRV BS-H), die mittels des Risikoindex
Erwerbsminderungsrente (RI-EMR) identifiziert wurden. Die Versichertengruppen
werden hinsichtlich ihrer Inanspruchnahme eines telefonischen Beratungsangebots
beschrieben. Die Auswertung der an der gleichen Stichprobe erfolgten
Fragebogenerhebung beschreibt die gesundheitliche und berufliche Lebenssituation
der Versichertengruppen, zeigt Bedarfe hinsichtlich
Rehabilitationsmaßnahmen auf und gibt Implikationen für die
Praxis.
Methode Es handelt sich um eine Querschnittstudie. Die Teilnehmer
generierten sich aus einer Zufallsstichprobe der Gesamtversicherten der DRV
BS-H. 1778 Versicherte wurden mit dem Angebot zur Inanspruchnahme eines
telefonischen Beratungsgesprächs und zwecks Teilnahme an der
Fragebogenerhebung angeschrieben. Der Fragebogen erfasste u. a.
Beschwerden und Beeinträchtigungen der Versicherten durch
Kontextfaktoren nach ICF. Erwerbstätige wurden zu ihren Belastungen am
Arbeitsplatz befragt, nicht-Erwerbstätige zu ihrer Motivation zur
Rückkehr in die Erwerbstätigkeit (RTW). 157 (9,8%) der
erreichten Versicherten antworteten auf das Angebot des
Beratungsgesprächs, 391 (24,5%) nahmen an der Fragebogenerhebung
teil. Die durchgeführten Beratungen wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet. Die
Fragebogendaten wurden vergleichend analysiert (ANOVA, χ2-Test).
Ergebnisse Das Angebot des telefonischen Beratungsgesprächs konnte
weniger zielführend umgesetzt werden als erwartet. Versicherte mit hohem
RI-EMR zeigten vergleichsweise deutliche psychische Beschwerden sowie
Belastungen und Beeinträchtigungen durch Kontextfaktoren.
Nicht-erwerbstätige Versicherte beider Risikogruppen zeigten sich
bezüglich einer möglichen Rückkehr in die
Erwerbstätigkeit mehrheitlich im motivationalen Stadium der
Absichtsbildung.
Schlussfolgerung Dem grundsätzlichen Ziel des frühzeitigen
Einsatzes von Hilfsangeboten für prognostisch
teilhabeeingeschränkte Versicherte steht das Problem gegenüber,
dass bei der Anwendung der Routinedaten der DRV und somit des RI-EMR
Verzögerungen entstehen. Es gilt zu diskutieren, inwiefern
Sozialleistungsträger zukünftig besser zusammenarbeiten
können, um ihre Versicherten frühzeitiger zu erreichen. Die
Passung bestehender Angebote zur Verbesserung der Teilhabe unter den gegebenen
teils komplexen Problemlagen der Versicherten aber auch mit Blick auf die
bestehende Motivationslage sollte differenziert betrachtet werden.
Conclusion: Stalking the Perfect Children’s Book
Authors: Hunt Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The ideas surrounding children’s literature are as rich and complex as the books themselves-but is there a central, Platonic ideal of the children’s book around which the ideas circle, or through which they intersect? The historical survey might give some clues: some of the most obvious recurrent features that we have seen include strong nostalgic/nature images; a sense of place or territory; egocentricity; testing and initiation; outsider/insider relationships; mutual respect between adults and children; closure; warmth/security-and food; and, perhaps most important, the relationship between reality and fantasy. Are any of these, or any combination, of the essence? In many ways, the use of fantasy is at the heart of the adult-child relationship in literature.
Health-sector disparities in Peru
Authors: Zschock Dieter K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter summarizes some of the major findings of a comprehensive study, the Health Sector Analysis of Peru (HSAP), carried out in 1985−6 by a team of Peruvian and international researchers (HSAP 1986). The HSAP was designed to test the premiss − shared by Peruvian health-sector authorities and foreign aid officials − that current patterns of resource-allocation in the country’s health sector were inappropriate for the implementation of the Peruvian government’s major health-sector policy goal: to make primary health care (PHC) and essential hospital services geographically and financially accessible to all Peruvians within the five-year term of the government elected in 1985. The HSAP also examined the impact of the previous government’s reduction of its financial commitment to health care in response to Peru’s serious economic recession of 1982−3. This reduction came at a time when the need for health services was greater than ever before, and as foreign donors were attempting to assist the government in implementing its policy of expanding primary health care (PHC) coverage.
Household participation in financing of health care at government health centres in Rwanda
Authors: Shepard Donald S , Carrin Guy , Nyandagazi Prosper 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rwanda is a small landlocked country in Eastern Africa with an area of approximately 26000 sq.km. and an estimated population of 6.9 million persons in 1989. With a 1989 per capita Gross National Product (GNP) of US$320, Rwanda is classified amongst the poorest countries in the world. Like many developing countries, it faces a serious and growing problem in the financing of its government health services, as new initiatives have outstripped resources.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemotherapy regimes of schistosomiasis control
Authors: Prescott Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most widespread human parasitic infections, and is generally regarded as second only to malaria in terms of public health importance in developing countries. More than 200 million rural people are infected in Asia, Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East, and prevalence is increasing with agricultural development and the expansion of the irrigated land area. These considerations have justified implementation of several national control programmes (WHO 1985).
The productivity of manpower and supplies in public health services in Java
Authors: Berman Peter , Sakai Suomi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Public-sector health services in developing countries are widely perceived to be inefficient. Observers often note the evidence of inefficiency, such as low productivity with low patient loads, and staff idle during working hours; and poor practices in use of pharmaceuticals. A World Bank policy study on health-care financing in developing countries reinforced this perception when it identified ‘internal inefficiency − wasteful public programs of poor quality’ as one of the ‘three main problems in the health sector’ (World Bank 1987).
Response rates and their maximization
Authors: Armstrong Bruce k. , White Emily , Saracci Rodolfo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In epidemiology and survey research in general, the word response has several meanings. Two of them are relevant to exposure measurement:
The emphasis of this book is on the first of these obtaining responses with minimum error at the level of the individual subject. In epidemiology, however, we are concerned not just with individual subjects, but with the wider populations that they represent. Our inferences about population exposures may be affected by two sources of error additional to those that affect the data obtained from individual subjects: random sampling error and selection bias. Random sampling error occurs when statistics derived from the sample are not equal to the underlying population parameters because, by chance, members of the sample do not accurately represent the population as a whole. Selection bias occurs when statistics in the sample are not equal to the population parameters because the sample is not a true random sample of the population. Our attention in this chapter is directed to selection bias.