bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite distribution and indication for locoregional therapy in small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Atsushi , Kai Seiichiro , Iwashita Yukio , Hirano Seitaro , Ohta Masayuki , Kitano Seigo 
Published: December 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntrahepatic disease recurrence is observed frequently after locoregional therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the indication for locoregional therapy is still unclear. To clarify the indication for locoregional therapy for small HCC tumors, the authors measured the distance of microsatellites from the main tumor and analyzed the relation between this distance and clinicopathologic factors.METHODSThe authors retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with small HCC tumors (≤ 5 cm in dimension) treated by curative hepatectomy. A microsatellite was defined as invasion into the portal vein or intrahepatic metastasis, and the distance from the main tumor to the most distant microsatellite was determined under light microscopy. The current study investigated the relation between microsatellite distance (0 mm if none present, ≤ 5 mm, and > 5 mm) and clinicopathologic factors, as well as overall and disease‐free survival rates after hepatectomy.RESULTSOf the 100 patients, 46 had microsatellites with a mean distance of 9.9 mm (median, 5.0 mm). Of the clinicopathologic factors investigated, tumor grade and preoperative α‐fetoprotein level significantly correlated with the presence of a microsatellite. Tumor size and distance to the microsatellite were significantly correlated. All but 1 tumor associated with a microsatellite distance > 5 mm was a high‐grade tumor > 25 mm in greatest dimension. The overall survival rate of patients with a microsatellite distance of > 5 mm was lower than that of patients with a microsatellite distance < 5 mm.CONCLUSIONSLocoregional therapy, including limited resection and ablation therapies, was appropriate for patients with low‐grade HCC tumors or with tumors < 25 mm in diameter. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
The analysis of monopole antenna centered on circular ground plane using boundary diffraction wave
Authors: Kitagata Kimiyasu , Inagawa Akihiro , Tokumaru Shinobu 
Published: December 2004

AbstractVarious methods for the analysis of a monopole antenna located on a perfectly conducting circular ground plane have been proposed as a canonical electromagnetic field problem and as a model for an antenna used for wireless communications. On the other hand, the physical optics approximation has been used as a powerful method for the electromagnetic scattering problems and the problem of representation of radiation patterns of antennas. As an example of application of this physical optics approximation, the effect of the scattered waves generated by the presence of a circular ground plane is expressed by the boundary diffraction wave in this paper and an analysis of the above problem is attempted. For the scattering wave representation using the boundary diffracted wave, the current distribution on the antenna is derived by the point matching method of moments and the input impedance characteristics and the radiation patterns are calculated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(4): 54–63, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20152
BER performance of MLSE demodulator for digital SSB with partial response signaling
Authors: Yamasaki Takahiro , Saito Yoichi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a demodulation method using maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) after coherent detection for partial response signaling single sideband (SSB) signals and present the bit error rate performance achieved by this configuration. Coherent detection is implemented by a pilot carrier method. The power of the pilot carrier inserted in the SSB modulated wave and the noise bandwidth of the phase locked loop (PLL) that extracts the base carrier cause the degradation in the power efficiency of the SSB signal. We then evaluate the equivalent carrier‐to‐noise power ratio (CNR) degradation of the pilot carrier method. The partial response demodulated signal can be MLSE decoded since the signal is time correlated. From the characteristics of an SSB demodulated signal, first‐order MLSE decoding using only the in‐phase channel generally results. Here, we also study a complex MLSE decoding method that considers the quadrature channel. Based on this configuration, we show that the SSB signal power efficiency was improved by about 5 dB compared to the conventional coherent detection and instantaneous identification and demodulation method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(4): 44–53, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20167
Performance analysis of backoff algorithms under unsaturated conditions
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuru , Sakakibara Katsumi , Yamakita Jiro 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the backoff algorithm for a random access system on the basis of slotted ALOHA. The performance of the algorithm in which the backoff counter is reset after the packet transmission success (conventional scheme), and the performance of the algorithm in which the backoff counter is successively decremented (modified scheme), are analyzed for the unsaturated condition. Based on the concept of equilibrium point analysis, the packet transmission failure probability, the throughput, the average transmission delay, and the uniformity of the transmission delay variation are evaluated. It is shown by a numerical example that the modified scheme exhibits better performance than the conventional scheme, even in the unsaturated condition, as well as in the saturated condition, with appropriate setting of the backoff window width. In addition, the modified scheme is shown to be better from the viewpoint of uniformity, in the sense that the packet transmission delay variation is smaller, even if the parameters are set to values that degrade the throughput. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(4): 32–43, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20176
Measurement of snow dielectric constant profile at UHF band using probe sensor array
Authors: Nakata Waichi , Togawa Hitoshi , Yokoyama Hisashi 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this paper, with regard to a resonant sensor of a three‐parallel line type consisting of a snow probe sensor array placed in snow for long‐term measurement of the complex permittivity profile of accumulated snow layers at UHF frequencies, a derivation of an approximate formula for estimating the constant permittivity on the basis of the method of moments and experimental verification results are presented. The measured snow dielectric constant profile over a period of about 2 weeks at Aomori Airport is described. In particular, the change from dry snow to wet snow associated with snow melting is acquired. Hence, the effectiveness of the probe sensor for long‐term measurement of the snow dielectric constant is confirmed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(4): 10–19, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20186
Double Self‐Inclusion by Rotating Glucopyranose Units in Per‐O‐methylated β‐Cyclodextrin Moieties Attached to a Porphyrin in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nishiyabu Ryuhei , Kano Koji 
Published: December 2004

AbstractDouble self‐inclusion of the porphyrin part by two per‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin moieties, which were attached to the 4‐positions of the phenyl groups of 10,20‐bis(3,5‐dicarboxylatophenyl)‐5,15‐diphenylporphyrin, occurred through 360° rotation of two glucopyranose units in the per‐O‐methylated cyclodextrin moieties. The self‐inclusion proceeded quantitatively in aqueous solution. As the porphyrin ring was completely covered by two cyclodextrin moieties, no fluorescence quenching of the porphyrin by 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2‐sulfonate took place. The intramolecular self‐inclusion is achieved by destroying a hydrogen‐bond belt at the secondary OH group side of the native cyclodextrin by O‐methylation and extremely strong hydrophobic effects resulting from complexation of the porphyrin with per‐O‐methylated β‐cyclodextrin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of cis‐Pellitorine, a Taste Active Alkamide Naturally Occurring in Tarragon
Authors: Ley Jakob P. , Hilmer Jens‐Michael , Weber Berthold , Krammer Gerhard , Gatfield Ian L. , Bertram Heinz‐Jürgen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe alkamide cis‐pellitorine [(2E,4Z)‐N‐isobutyldeca‐2,4‐dienamide] that occurs naturally in tarragon was prepared in yields up to 80% by lipase‐catalyzed conversion of ethyl 2E,4Z‐decadienoate, the so‐called pear ester, and isobutylamine both with and without the use of cosolvents. Of 13 different commercial enzyme preparations tested (lipases, proteases, esterases), only the lipase type B from Candida antarctica has a suitable activity. The reaction of the different geometric isomers of ethyl 2,4‐decadienoate to the appropriate pellitorines shows a remarkable selectivity: the 2E,4Z ester is converted between 1.4 and 3.9 times faster than the 2E,4E isomer, and the relative yield of cis‐pellitorine compared with trans‐pellitorine is 5.7 to 16.3 times higher. In contrast to the better known trans‐pellitorine, which at 10 ppm is only slightly tingling and numbing, cis‐pellitorine shows very interesting pungent and warming sensations after tasting trials already in low concentrations of 10 ppm. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A Highly Effective (Triphenyl phosphite)palladium Catalyst for a Cross−Coupling Reaction of Allylic Alcohols with Organoboronic Acids
Authors: Kayaki Yoshihito , Koda Takashi , Ikariya Takao 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe cross coupling reaction of aryl and vinyl boronic acids and allylic alcohols proceeded smoothly in toluene or dioxane in the presence of a (triphenyl phosphite)palladium catalyst to give the corresponding allylbenzene derivatives and 1,4‐dienes. Neither cocatalysts for promoting C−O bond cleavage of allylic alcohols nor bases for activation of organoboron reagents are required for promoting the coupling process. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Total Synthesis and Olfactory Evaluation of 5β,10‐Dimethyl‐des‐A‐18‐nor‐androstan‐13β‐ol: A Potential Human Pheromone? (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 24/2004)
Authors: Kraft Philip , Popaj Kasim 
Published: December 2004

AbstractEver smelt the heat of a beloved body close to you, ever felt the sensation of being caressed just by catching a whiff of a perfume? This phenomenon could be due to odorants that imitate human pheromones. Just as Ohloff wondered 20 years ago, Kraft and Popaj recently wondered if the steroid‐type scent of Timberol® and Limbanol® could be due to a steroid‐type folding on the receptor. To finally prove or disprove this speculation, they synthesized the underlying parent steroid structure, which is shown on the cover in front of a female silver torso immersed in light. Details are discussed in their article on p. 4995 ff.
HIV‐1 tat protein induces a migratory phenotype in human fetal microglia by a CCL2 (MCP‐1)‐dependent mechanism: Possible role in NeuroAIDS
Authors: Eugenin Eliseo A. , Dyer Gawain , Calderon Tina M. , Berman Joan W. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) encephalitis and dementia are characterized by neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and microglia activation and migration that contribute to the formation of multinucleated giant cells. Despite extensive evidence of pathological changes in the brain of infected individuals, the mechanisms of human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) entry, microglia migration, and viral propagation within the brain are still not completely understood. In this study, we report that the induction of a migratory phenotype in human fetal microglia by the HIV‐1 transactivator protein, tat, is mediated by the chemokine, CCL2. CCL2 or tat treatment alone induced rearrangement of actin and the formation of microglial processes. The time course of cell membrane ruffling induced by CCL2 was faster (5–30 min) than that elicited by tat treatment (2–3 h). Our previous data in human fetal microglia showed that tat induces CCL2 expression. Thus, we examined whether tat‐induced microglia membrane ruffling and process formation, critical components in cell migration, are mediated by the secretion of CCL2 by these cells. To test this hypothesis, we treated microglia with tat protein in the presence of neutralizing CCL2 antibodies. Co‐treatment with neutralizing CCL2 antibodies resulted in the loss of tat‐induced membrane ruffling. Tat treatment of microglia induced polarization of CCR2, the receptor for CCL2, to the leading edge of processes, further suggesting a CCL2‐dependent mechanism of tat‐induced microglia migration. Our data indicate that tat facilitates microglia migration by inducing autocrine CCL2 release. Our results suggest that tat induced CCL2 secretion may be one of the early signals during NeuroAIDS. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dinucleotide polymorphism of p73 gene is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Hu Zhibin , Miao Xiaoping , Ma Hongxia , Tan Wen , Wang Xinru , Lu Daru , Wei Qingyi , Lin Dongxin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: December 2004

Abstractp73, a structural and functional homologue of p53, shares some p53‐like tumor suppressor activity but also possesses oncogenic activity. Therefore, p73 plays an important role in modulating cell‐cycle control and apoptosis. A potentially functional dinucleotide polymorphism, G4C14‐to‐A4T14, has been identified in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of exon 2 of the p73 gene, which may theoretically form a stem‐loop structure and affect gene expression. To test the hypothesis that these 2 common variants play a role in lung cancer susceptibility, we conducted a case‐control study of 425 lung cancer patients and 588 cancer‐free controls frequency‐matched to the cases on age and sex in a Chinese population. The results showed that these 2 polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium and the frequencies of variant p73 AT haplotype (A4T14) were less common in the cases (0.225) than in the controls (0.287) (p = 0.0018), suggesting that this AT haplotype was protective against lung cancer. Compared to the p73 GC/GC homozygotes, both the AT/AT variant homozygotes and GC/AT heterozygotes were associated with a significantly decreased risk (adjusted OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26–0.80 and OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.53–0.92, respectively). These results suggest that this p73 dinucleotide polymorphism may have a role in lung cancer susceptibility in our study population. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential functional relevance of the p73 AT variant allele. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiplicity of abnormal promoter methylation in lung adenocarcinomas from smokers and never smokers
Authors: Divine Kevin K. , Pulling Leah C. , Marron‐Terada Patricia G. , Liechty Kieu C. , Kang Terri , Schwartz Ann G. , Bocklage Therese J. , Coons Teresa A. , Gilliland Frank D. , Belinsky Steven A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe prevalence of methylation of the p16, DAPK and RASSF1A genes was investigated in lung adenocarcinoma from smokers, former uranium miners and never smokers. The association between a common genetic alteration in adenocarcinoma, mutation of the K‐ras gene and methylation of these genes, as well as survival was examined. Adenocarcinomas from 157 smokers, 46 never smokers and 34 former uranium miners were evaluated for methylation of the p16, DAPK and RASSF1A genes using the methylation‐specific PCR assay. Comparisons were also made to prevalences of methylation of the MGMT gene and mutation of the K‐ras gene previously examined in these tumors. The prevalence of methylation for all genes was similar between adenocarcinomas from smokers and never smokers, although the prevalence for methylation of the p16 gene tended to be higher in smokers compared to never smokers. A significantly higher prevalence for p16 methylation was seen in central vs. peripheral lung tumors. At least 1 gene was methylated in 35% of stage I tumors, whereas 2 and ≥3 genes were methylated in 40% and 16% of tumors, respectively. Methylation of all genes was independent of K‐ras mutation, whereas methylation of the DAPK and RASSF1A genes was positively associated. Environmental tobacco smoke, the strongest lung cancer risk factor among never smokers, induces adenocarcinoma in part through inactivation of the p16, DAPK and RASSF1A genes. Adenocarcinomas may develop through 2 distinct processes: multiple gene inactivations through promoter hypermethylation and activation of the K‐ras gene. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supercritical CO2 extraction of accumulated capsidiol from biotic elicitor‐activated Capsicum annuum L fruit tissues
Authors: Salgın Uǧur , Üstün A Sülün , Mehmetoǧlu Ülkü , Çalımlı Ayla 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThis work investigates the supercritical CO2 extraction of capsidiol from pepper fruit tissues activated with Alternaria alternate (Fr) Keissler suspension culture as a biotic elicitor. Capsidiol production in the fruit tissue was markedly increased by the treatment with a biotic elicitor and reached its maximum level after 4 days of elicitation. The effects of separation parameters such as temperature, pressure, supercritical solvent flow rate, particle diameter and also initial capsidiol concentration were investigated on solubility, initial extraction rate and extraction yield. The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at the temperature of 40 °C, the pressure of 400 bar, the supercritical CO2 flow rate of 2 cm3 min−1, and the average particle diameter of 116 µm. The results showed that the ratio of the supercritical CO2 extraction yield to the organic solvent extraction yield was changed from 84 to 97 wt‐% depending on the initial capsidiol concentration. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Smart element method I. The Zienkiewicz–Zhu feedback
Authors: Li Shaofan , Liu Xiaohu , Gupta Anurag 
Published: December 2004

AbstractA new error control finite element formulation is developed and implemented based on the variational multiscale method, the inclusion theory in homogenization, and the Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator. By synthesizing variational multiscale method in computational mechanics, the equivalent eigenstrain principle in micromechanics, and the Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator in the finite element method (FEM), the new finite element formulation can automatically detect and subsequently homogenize its own discretization errors in a self‐adaptive and a self‐adjusting manner. It is the first finite element formulation that combines an optimal feedback mechanism and a precisely defined homogenization procedure to reduce its own discretization errors and hence to control numerical pollutions.The paper focuses on the following two issues: (1) how to combine a multiscale method with the existing finite element error estimate criterion through a feedback mechanism, and (2) convergence study. It has been shown that by combining the proposed variational multiscale homogenization method with the Zienkiewicz–Zhu error estimator a clear improvement can be made on the coarse scale computation. It is also shown that when the finite element mesh is refined, the solution obtained by the variational eigenstrain multiscale method will converge to the exact solution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Newton‐ vs. Multilevel‐Newton method in the FEM
Authors: Hartmann Stefan 
Published: December 2004

AbstractIn this presentation it is shown that in implicit finite element computations based on material models of evolutionary type the resulting system of non‐linear equations is usually not solved by means of the classical Newton‐Raphson method which is frequently stated. It is emphasized that the so‐called Multilevel‐Newton algorithm yields the known local and global schemes of stress or internal variables and nodal displacement computations. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Flow over a profile in a channel with dynamical effects
Authors: Honzátko Radek , Kozel Karel , Horáček Jaromír 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe work deals with a numerical solution of 2D inviscid incompressible flow over the profile NACA 0012 in a channel. The finite volume method in a form of cell‐centered scheme at quadrilateral C‐mesh is used. Governing system of equations is the system of Euler equations. Numerical results are partially compared with experimental data. Steady state solutions of the flow as well unsteady flows caused by prescribed oscillation of the profile were computed. The method of artificial compressibility and the time dependent method are used for computation of the steady state solution. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Virtual modeling of residual stress in drawn wire due to the skin pass effect
Authors: Iankov Roumen 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe wire drawing technological process is wide use in industry. The effect of skin‐pass is apply for reduction of residual stress in final product. The finite element method is applied to simulate the effect of skin‐pass in wire drawing process. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Homogenisation of random composites via the multiscale finite‐element method
Authors: Ilić Sandra , Hackl Klaus 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe transition between the chosen microstructure and microvariables and the material properties on the macrolevel is always a sensitive point in the theory of homogenisation. In this talk we will observe the transfer of data between the scales based on the multiscale finite element method where in each Gauss point of the macromesh a micromesh is attached. For a given deformation gradient provided from the macroscale one calculates microfluctuations satisfying periodic boundary conditions and from those the effective first Piola‐Kirchhoff stress tensor for each Gauss point. The latter provides a possibility to calculate the elasticity tensor on the macrolevel. We study a microstructure containing elliptical cracks of random aspect ratio and orientation. The results based on such procedure show the dependence of the macrovariables on the crack ellipticity. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electric/magnetic deformations of S3 and AdS3, and geometric cosets
Authors: Israël D. , Kounnas C. , Orlando D. , Marios Petropoulos P. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe analyze asymmetric marginal deformations of SU(2)k and SL(2,ℝ)k WZW models. These appear in heterotic string backgrounds with non‐vanishing Neveu–Schwarz three‐forms plus electric or magnetic fields, depending on whether the deformation is elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic. Asymmetric deformations create new families of exact string vacua. The geometries which are generated in this way, deformed S3 or AdS3, include in particular geometric cosets such as S2, AdS2 or H2. Hence, the latter are consistent, exact conformal sigma models, with electric or magnetic backgrounds. We discuss various geometric and symmetry properties of the deformations at hand as well as their spectra and partition functions, with special attention to the supersymmetric AdS2 × S2 background. We also comment on potential holographic applications.
Complete correlation, detection loophole and Bell's theorem
Authors: Shafiee A. , Golshani M. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractTwo new formulations of Bell's theorem are given here. First, we consider a definite set of two entangled photons with only two polarization directions, for which Bell's locality assumption is violated for the case of perfect correlation. Then, using a different approach, we prove an efficient Bell‐type inequality which is violated by some quantum mechanical predictions, independent of the efficiency factors.