bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinases in resveratrol‐induced activation of p53 and apoptosis
Authors: She Qing‐Bai , Huang Chuanshu , Zhang Yiguo , Dong Zigang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResveratrol, a constituent of grapes and other foods, is one of the most promising agents for cancer prevention. In a previous study, we showed that the antitumor activity of resveratrol occurs through extracellular signal–regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and p38 kinase–mediated p53 activation. In this study, we also determined that c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are involved in resveratrol‐induced p53 activation and induction of apoptosis. In the JB6 mouse epidermal cell line, resveratrol activated JNKs dose‐dependently within a dose range of 10–40 μM, the same dosage responsible for the inhibition of tumor promoter–induced cell transformation. Stable expression of a dominant negative mutant of JNK1 or disruption of the Jnk1 or Jnk2 gene markedly inhibited resveratrol‐induced p53‐dependent transcription activity and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, resveratrol‐activated JNKs were shown to phosphorylate p53 in vitro, but this activity was repressed in the cells expressing a dominant negative mutant of JNK1 or in Jnk1 or Jnk2 knockout (Jnk1−/− or Jnk2−/−) cells. These data suggested that JNKs act as mediators of resveratrol‐induced activation of p53 and apoptosis, which may occur partially through p53 phosphorylation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Moving cryogenic modulator for the comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) of surface water contaminants
Authors: Beens Jan , Dallüge Jens , Adahchour Mohamed , Vreuls René J. J. , Brinkman Udo A. Th. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe modulation system in a comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatograph (GC×GC) can be regarded to be the heart of the analyzer. Different ways of modulating the effluent of the first column into very narrow pulses and injecting these onto the fast second column have been demonstrated. Modulation can be established by applying heat, as in the first existing types of modulators, the two‐stage heated modulator and the Sweeper system. It can also be performed by applying cooling, as was demonstrated in the “longitudinally modulated cryogenic system.” Cryogenic systems have mechanical and applicational advantages over heated systems, as they are easier to install and maintain and do not need positive temperature differences to remobilize the analytes. A homemade moving cryogenic modulator was evaluated for use in a GC×GC system for the separation of (very) polar and nonpolar surface water contaminants. The results demonstrate that the performance of this less complex modulator is very comparable to the earlier reported types of modulators. It is further demonstrated that GC×GC is a very suitable technique to fully separate complex mixtures, such as surface water contaminants. The obtained separation appeared to be complete and peak identification was facilitated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 134–140, 2001
Gambling in Canada: some insights for cost–benefit analysis
Authors: Henriksson Lennart E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, the size and scope of legalized gambling in Canada has risen sharply. This increase has taken place in a chaotic fashion, and largely in the absence of a clear picture of what the net benefits might be. This paper describes distinguishing features of gambling in Canada. It then summarizes the emergent state of extant cost–benefit analyses, and presents the case for more comprehensive evaluations of the economic, social, and health outcomes. A greater emphasis upon interdisciplinarity and alternative research paradigms is indicated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inappropriate sales in the financial services industry: the limits of the rational calculus?
Authors: Leece David 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper explores the notion of ‘misselling’ in the context of financial services. ‘Misselling’ is treated as a special case of error in the classification of a discrete dependent variable. A simulation study is conducted using the sale of mortgage debt to outright owners of property as an example of how inappropriate sales manifest themselves. This is followed by the actual case of endowment mortgage sales. The results and discussion suggests that ‘misselling’ can be viewed (i) in the context of empirical regularities and a rationalizable view of the data and/or (ii) as a non rationalizable situation where the ‘misselling’ becomes ‘pathological’. The paper highlights the need for a behavioural perspective, in addition to a more conventional economic treatment of the ‘misselling’ phenomenon. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability and validity of a new global dyskinesia rating scale in the MPTP‐lesioned non‐human primate
Authors: Petzinger G.M. , Quik M. , Ivashina E. , Jakowec M.W. , Jakubiak M. , Di Monte D. , Langston J.W. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBehavioral rating scales for dyskinesia in the non‐human primate are frequently used to assess the efficacy of new treatments and to provide a clinical correlative with neurochemical and neuropathological changes. Although a large variety of different scales have been used in non‐human primate studies, there is no single standardized scale, and none have been evaluated for reliability and validity. We are reporting a new global non‐human primate dyskinesia rating scale (GPDRS) for the squirrel monkey, developed in the context of an independent study of dyskinesia. In this report we demonstrate the reliability and validity of this scale. The GPDRS is a single‐item scale with well‐defined points and brevity allowing for rapid and easy application for assessing the overall degree of dyskinesia. In this study, seven MPTP‐lesioned and four non‐lesioned (control) non‐human primates were videotaped following treatment with either levodopa or water. To test inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability, three examiners rated the videotape independently at two different time points and these assessments were compared. The validity of the scale was tested in two phases. First, examiners rated the videotape using the GPDRS and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), a scale commonly used to rate dyskinesia in the non‐human primate, and the ratings from each scale were compared. Second, validity was tested in the context of an independent dyskinesia study, in which the scale was used to distinguish between two treatment groups. The GPDRS was shown to have high inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability and to be valid for the assessment of dyskinesia in the squirrel monkey. In this report we also demonstrate the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of the AIMS. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Physiological assessment of muscle strength in vitro after direct injection of doxorubicin into rabbit sternocleidomastoid muscle
Authors: Falkenberg Jon H. , Iaizzo Paul A. , McLoon Linda K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDoxorubicin chemomyectomy is a potent method for the permanent removal of a muscle or group of muscles after direct local injection, and has been used successfully to treat blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm patients. The efficacy of doxorubicin chemomyectomy on reducing muscle strength after direct injection of doxorubicin into rabbit sternocleidomastoid muscle was tested. One‐ and 6‐month postinjection force assessment was performed in vitro to measure alterations in peak twitch and tetanic force generation, as well as fatigue responses for the treated muscles compared to control. There were significant reductions of both twitch and tetanic peak amplitudes in the doxorubicin‐treated muscles. One month after treatment, the decreases in force were greater after 2 mg doxorubicin injections than after 1 mg doxorubicin. While there was a significant reduction in force generation after doxorubicin treatment, fatigue resistances for the doxorubicin‐treated muscles were increased compared to the controls. There were significant reductions in muscle mass after doxorubicin treatment, and by 6 months, the myosin heavy chain isoform distribution was similar to normal sternocleidomastoid, except for an increase in slow myosin‐positive fibers. Doxorubicin chemomyectomy resulted in a significant reduction in functional force generation in the treated sternocleidomastoid muscles. These findings suggest a potential clinical use of doxorubicin chemomyectomy to treat cervical dystonia patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Treatment of restless legs syndrome with the dopamine agonist alpha‐dihydroergocryptine
Authors: Tergau Frithjof , Wischer Stephan , Wolf Christian , Paulus Walter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn open pilot study with the dopamine agonist α‐dihydroergocryptine (DHEC) was conducted in 16 patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome (RLS) over a period of 5 weeks. Following a drug‐free interval of 1 week, the patients were treated with daily doses of 10 to 40 mg DHEC. As compared to baseline values, treatment led to a statistically significant reduction of subjective RLS symptoms. Overall complaints at night decreased significantly by 63.9 ± 38.1% as measured by a visual analogue scale. Detailed evaluation of sensory discomfort, motor restlessness, involuntary movements, as well as sleep quality also showed significant improvement. Side effects were mostly mild and affected mainly the gastrointestinal tract. Five patients needed domperidone for treatment of concomitant nausea. One patient stopped the study due to nausea. In conclusion, the results of this open study suggest a role for DHEC in the treatment of RLS. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Dynamic graciloplasty for fecal incontinence
Authors: Baeten Cor G.M.I. , Uludag Özenç , Rongen Mart‐Jan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFecal incontinence is a socially incapacitating condition with associated high treatment costs. The most common cause of fecal incontinence is trauma during childbirth followed by surgical interventions. After unsuccessful conventional treatment, muscle transposition is the next treatment option. Two local muscles are used for this purpose: the gluteus and the gracilis muscles. With both muscles, long‐term muscle contractions are difficult to maintain due to muscle fatigue. The gracilis muscle, however, is technically much easier to transfer and most activities of daily living and even sports are still possible. Experimental studies have shown that electrical stimulation of skeletal muscles can transform fatigue‐prone muscles into fatigue‐resistant muscles. In 1986, we started to perform graciloplasty procedures with intramuscular electrodes connected to an electrical stimulator. To date, 200 patients have been treated in our institution using dynamic graciloplasty. All patients had severe incontinence without control of liquid or solid feces, most of them had previously received unsuccessful treatment using other techniques. The mean age was 48 years, the average time that patients had been incontinent was 12.4 years, and the cause of incontinence were trauma (n = 99), congenital (n = 28), pudendopathy (n = 58), and low motor neurological lesions (n = 15). Of these patients, 76% were considered to have successful outcomes. Patients whose cause of incontinence was trauma or pudendopathy tended to respond better to this treatment than patients with anal atresia. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:230–234 2001.
Silicone rubber tubulization in peripheral sensory nerve reconstruction: An experimental study in rabbits
Authors: Heijke Guda C.M. , Klopper Pieter J. , Baljet Bob , van Doorn Ilona B.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSilicone rubber (polydimethyl siloxane) tubes are used clinically in peripheral nerve reconstruction. A disadvantage of this procedure is that the material often has to be removed owing to its mechanical properties. The aim of our study was to investigate the healing of reconstructed sensory nerves tubulized by silicone rubber in an animal model. In our experiments, we reconstructed the saphenous nerves in 27 rabbits. In series 1 (n = 12), silicone rubber tubes were slid over a nerve suture without a gap. In series 2 (n = 12), silicone rubber tubes were slid over a 10‐mm nerve gap. In series 3 (n = 12), conventional suturing was performed in the collateral saphenous nerves of the animals of the series 1. Epineurial suturing was performed. Three other collateral nonoperated saphenous nerves served as controls. The healing was studied after 3, 6, and 12 months. Morphometric analysis of the regenerating axons was performed by using our new method for quantification of nerve fibers in cross sections stained by immunohistochemistry and using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Data analysis was carried out using a software program especially developed for this purpose. Our results showed in the silicone procedures that at 12 months significantly fewer axons per fascicle area were present compared with conventional suturing. However, mean axon diameters in the distal nerve stump of the silicone procedures did not differ significantly compared with the conventional suturing procedure. The ratio of total axon area to total fascicle area in the distal nerve stumps of the silicone procedure without gap was significantly smaller compared with the conventionally sutured nerve. The percentage outgrowing axons from the proximal nerve stump into the distal one in the silicone rubber procedure without gap was 57%. This was significantly higher than in the silicone rubber procedure with 10‐mm gap (48%). However, in conventional suturing, the percentage of outgrowing axons (99%) was significantly higher than in both tubulization procedures. It appeared that tubulization by silicone rubber of sutured nerves without gap did not enhance axon regeneration. Conventional suturing gave significantly better results. If a gap was present, the use of a silicone rubber tube was preferable to non‐suturing. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 21:306–316 2001
Combined cuff and suture technique for orthotopic whole intestinal transplantation in rats
Authors: Nakao Atsunori , Tahara Kazunori , Inoue Seiichiro , Mizuta Kouichi , Takeichi Takayuki , Uchida Hiroo , Tanaka Noriaki , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFor the purpose of immunological study on small intestinal transplantation (SIT), rat SIT models using direct suture technique widely have been used, which requires at least several months of training for microsurgery. Alternatively, a simple cuff technique for SIT has been mainly used by us, which reduces warm‐ischemic time and the training period, but the entire intestinal grafts usually obtain a limited blood supply. This report describes a modification of a combined cuff and suture technique for rat SIT to aid beginning microsurgical transplantation researchers. The advantages are 1) use of only arterial suturing, making it easier for beginners, with the cuff technique applied to the more difficult vein anastomosis; 2) achievement of better arterial inflow and graft survival than when the arterial cuff technique is used; and 3) doing only partial clamping of the aorta, which improves animal survival and success of the procedure. A very high successful rate in orthotopic whole SIT was achieved even by beginners. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:85–90 2002
The effects on femtosecond light pulses advancing through a lens
Authors: Hovhannisyan D. L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn the present paper, the results of theoretical investigations of a lens' dispersion characteristics and the field intensity of propagated through a lens spatial‐limited femtosecond pulses with a duration of several optical periods are presented. The dependences of group delay and group velocity dispersion that are introduced by the lens versus spatial coordinates and frequencies are obtained. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 302–305, 2001.
A circular cylindrical dipole antenna
Authors: Eom Hyo J. , Park Jong K. , Cho Yong H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of a circular cylindrical dipole antenna is revisited. The Fourier transform and mode matching are used to obtain its rigorous solution in a convergent series. Our solution is compared with other results in terms of antenna admittance and current distribution. The angular radiation patterns of a circular cylinder antenna are shown for different circular cylinder radii of a dipole antenna. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 322–324, 2001.
Slot‐loaded compact microstrip antenna for dual‐frequency operation
Authors: Kundukulam Sona O. , Paulson Manju , Aanandan C. K. , Mohanan P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDual‐frequency operation is achieved from a compact microstrip antenna by loading a pair of narrow slots close to its radiating edges. The two frequencies have parallel polarization planes and similar radiation characteristics. The ratio between the two operating frequencies can be tuned in the range (1.14–1.24), which is much smaller than that of similar designs. The above excellent radiation characteristics are achieved along with an area reduction of ∼75% compared to the standard rectangular patch. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 379–381, 2001.
Single integral equation for diffraction from dielectric gratings in layered media
Authors: Yeung Michael S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA single integral‐equation formulation based on multilayered media Green's functions is presented and applied to 2‐D dielectric grating problems. Its advantage over previous formulations based on free‐space Green's functions is that, here, the unknowns appear only on the surfaces of the nonplanar parts of a layered grating structure. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 383–388, 2002.
A comparison among different reduced‐size resonant microstrip patches
Authors: León G. , Boix R. R. , Medina F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical code has been developed for the full‐wave determination of the resonant frequencies and quality factors of microstrip patches with right‐angle corners of arbitrary shape. The code is based on the solution of an electric‐field integral equation (EFIE) by means of Galerkin's method in the spectral domain. The numerical code is used for the comparative analysis of microstrip patches of different shapes used as reduced‐size resonators and antennas. Out of the patches studied, the bilateral comb‐shaped patch and the meander‐shaped patch turn out to provide the largest size reduction for a given resonant frequency at the expense of showing at once the largest quality factors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 143–146, 2001.
Correlation peak variance minimization for nonzero‐order joint transform correlators in noise
Authors: Chen Chulung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA joint transform correlator with minimum variance in peak intensity using Lagrange multipliers has been designed in cases of both input zero‐mean noise and nonzero‐mean noise. Space‐domain‐based reference functions were proposed to achieve distortion‐invariant image recognition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 190–192, 2001.
Bandstop microstrip PBG filter with sinusoidal variation of the characteristic impedance and without etching in the ground plane
Authors: Nesic Dusan , Nesic Aleksandar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a one‐dimensional (1‐D) microstrip photonic bandgap (PBG) filter with only one bandgap (without harmonic response) and without etching in the ground plane. The structure has a sinusoidal variation of the characteristic impedance as a function of the length of the microstrip line. Three examples of the proposed filter are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 418–420, 2001.
An inverse problem of electromagnetic scattering and the method of lines
Authors: Hooshyar M. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe problem of determining the shape of perfectly conducting cylindrical structures with arbitrary cross sections from electromagnetic scattering data is considered. Applying the method of lines, an efficient procedure is found for determining the shape of a cylinder from its electromagnetic scattering amplitude. To illustrate the procedure and its preliminary computational performance, numerical examples for cylinders with circular or cardioid cross sections are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 420–426, 2001.
A hybrid coordinate scheme for enhancing the finite‐difference time‐domain method
Authors: Zhou Baixin , Wang Sicong 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we present a hybrid coordinate FDTD scheme, in which we insert a local conformal coordinate system which conforms with the scatterers in a Cartesian coordinate system, when there exists a nonrectangular scatterer in the Cartesian coordinate system. We propose a new interpolation scheme in the overlap region to achieve low reflection from the interface between the built‐in and Cartesian regions. The numerical experiment demonstrates that this scheme has a significant improvement in the staircasing approximation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 114–116, 2001.
Polarization‐structure analysis of receiving antennas
Authors: Protsenko Mikhail B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearch on the polarization structure of the receiving antenna excited by an arbitrary field is carried out. The necessary ratios, characterizing the optimal polarization antenna's structure, are determined by the criteria of the maximal and minimal received signal's power. The advantage of the received power is estimated for an optimal polarization. The statistical parameters of the receiving antenna with an optimal polarization structure are investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 30: 116–119, 2001.
Therapy‐related leukemia associated with alkylating agents*
Authors: Davies Stella M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe leukemogenic potential of alkylating agents has been known for many years and almost all alkylating agents in clinical use have been shown to increase the risk of leukemia. With these drugs the risk of leukemia appears to increase with increasing patient age, as does the risk of de novo myeloid leukemia in the population. Susceptibility to alkylating agent‐associated leukemia is influenced by the genetic constitution of the patient, and by the nature of the exposure. To illustrate the importance of these factors in etiology of leukemia, this paper discusses the contribution of disorders such as Fanconi anemia and neurofibromatosis to susceptibility to alkylating agent‐associated leukemia. This paper also discusses the contribution of alkylkating agents and other therapeutic exposures in the etiology of leukemias occurring after autologous bone marrow transplant. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 36:536–540, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.