bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiating emotions
Authors: Shapiro Daniel L. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFolk wisdom suggests that a negotiator (1) should avoid getting emotional and (2) is a passive recipient of the whims of emotion. In this article, I argue that both of these notions are false and that a better pair of assumptions is that (1) emotions can positively affect our ability to reach negotiation goals and (2) we can actively negotiate which emotions are experienced and how intensely. I extend the emotional appraisal work of Lazarus (1991) and Parkinson (1995) by suggesting that we appraise situations emotionally for their personal relevance by evaluating relational identity concerns—namely autonomy and affiliation. Negotiating emotions entails negotiating these relational identity concerns and the tensions that a conflicting set of concerns can create.
Aspects of grief in conflict: Re‐visioning response to dispute
Authors: Evans Michael J. , Tyler‐Evans Marcia 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough there are multiple theories on the causes of conflict and methods of managing dispute, one factor is not explicitly discussed; grief. Just as grief attends the physical loss of a loved one, it also attends the loss associated with conflict. Whether the loss is the position as winner, partner, provider, or good neighbor, being deprived of that identity is emotionally threatening. Grief affects the persons ability to function within the resolution process. By learning to acknowledge and allow expressions of grief within the conflict process, we increase our ability to promote resolution.
Gender differences in content and style of argument between couples during divorce mediation
Authors: Pines Ayala Malach , Gat Hamutal , Tal Yael 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAnalysis of the negotiation process of thirty Israeli couples, chosen randomly, who participated in divorce mediation shows several gender differences in both style and content. Men tend to use more legalistic arguments that are based on principles of law and customary practice. Women tend to use more relational arguments based on interpersonal responsibility to a relationship. Men's style tends to be unemotional and reserved, women's style emotional with more expression of insult and pain. Psychological theories help explain these gender differences. Couple therapists, divorce counselors, and mediators should be aware of these differences and their practice implications.
From financial to sustainable profit
Authors: Cramer Jacqueline 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis article explains why sustainable business has caught the spotlight at this particular time. Main drivers are the shift in power relationships between states, firms and households, the emergence of civil regulation and the communication through networks. The implication of this trend towards sustainable business is that firms will consciously need to focus on creating value not only in financial terms, but also in ecological and social terms. The challenge facing the business sector is how to set about meeting these expectations. Firms will need to change not only in themselves, but also in the way they interact with their environment. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Applying organizational environmental tools and techniques
Authors: Lawrence Elaine , Andrews Duncan , Ralph Brian , France Chris 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAlthough the application of tools and techniques to support environmental decision‐making is increasing within organizations, there is concern that they are not bringing the desired improvements in performance. A key reason is that tools/techniques need to be placed in context so that they also support the overall aims of the business. Within the ISO14000 series there are two techniques defined, auditing and life cycle assessment (LCA), but there are a growing number of tools and techniques that are outside the scope of the standards. For those in organizations tasked with implementing environmental improvements identifying appropriate tools and techniques can be a daunting task. A process identifying and aligning environmental tools and techniques within a business wide context is presented, supported by the results of a practical application over a two‐year period within a UK automotive supplier. The results from application suggest that this approach should be useful for other organizations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms: an empirical analysis of the European paper industry
Authors: Wagner Marcus , Van Phu Nguyen , Azomahou Théophile , Wehrmeyer Walter 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between the environmental and economic performance of firms in the European paper manufacturing industry. It initially discusses possible functional relationships between environmental and economic performance rooted in different theoretical frameworks and links these to recent empirical and theoretical analyses of the Porter hypothesis. Following this, it reports the results of an empirical study carried out in the European paper industry. Findings fit better with ‘traditionalist’ reasoning about the relationship between environmental and economic performance, which predicts the relationship to be uniformly negative. In particular they confirm the necessity for a more differentiated view of the Porter hypothesis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Epitaxial and Polycrystalline SnO2 Films from the SnI4/O2 Precursor Combination
Authors: Sundqvist J. , Tarre A. , Rosental A. , Hårsta A. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThin films of SnO2 have been successfully deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using the SnI4/O2 precursor combination. Depositions were carried out in the temperature range 400–750 °C on SiO2/Si(100) and single‐crystalline α‐Al2O3(012) substrates. The films were found to grow as the tetragonal SnO2 phase (cassiterite), polycrystalline on SiO2/Si(100), and epitaxial on the α‐Al2O3(012) substrates with the in‐plane orientation relationships [010] ∥ [100] and [10$\bar 1$] ∥ [$\bar 1$$\bar 2$1]. In general the growth rate was high, changing from 0.10 nm cycle–1 at 500 °C to 0.12 nm cycle–1 at 750 °C for the α‐Al2O3(012) substrates, and from 0.04 nm cycle–1 at 400 °C to 0.24 nm cycle–1 at 750 °C for the SiO2/Si(100) substrates.
Template‐Directed CVD of Dielectric Nanotubes
Authors: Zambov L. , Zambova A. , Cabassi M. , Mayer T.S. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractFabrication of dielectric nanotubes from silicon dioxide and silicon nitride by a template‐based electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD is described. The nanotubes synthesized from SiH4‐O2 and SiH4‐N2 binary source reagent systems are smooth, transparent and at least 10 μm long. A mathematical description of the template‐directed nanometer‐scale CVD is developed to elucidate the appropriate process parameters that enable growth of high‐aspect‐ratio nanotubes with uniform wall thickness. The analysis of the model, by establishing general trends between process operating conditions and geometrical characteristics of the nanotubes, clarifies the mechanism of nanoscale CVD. The dielectric nanotubes obtained provide many opportunities for fabricating composite nanostructures and nanodevices.
In‐Situ Optical Pyrometry in the CVD of Metallic Thin Films for Real Time Control of the Growth
Authors: Gasqueres C. , Maury F. , Ossola F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn‐situ temperature measurement is essential in CVD in order to control the temperature of the growing films. This is frequently achieved by optical pyrometry because it is a sensitive, convenient, and inexpensive technique that can be used in corrosive atmospheres. In this work, in‐situ IR pyrometry has been used, not for direct measurement of the temperature, but for real time monitoring of the early stages of the growth of metallic‐type thin films, selected as a model system. Significant variations in the pyrometric signal were observed during the metal–organic (MO) CVD of CrCxNy thin films due to changes of emissivity of the film/substrate system. The pyrometric signal (or emissivity) depends predominantly on the nature, thickness, and surface roughness of the growing film. As a result, fruitful information as to the formation of an interphase, or the existence of an induction period, can be obtained in real time by this detection technique. Radiation pyrometry can be used as a surface diagnostic tool for the growth of a large variety of thin film materials that exhibit an emissivity sufficiently different from that of the substrate.
In‐Situ Preparation of Polymer‐Coated Alumina Nanopowders by Chemical Vapor Synthesis
Authors: Schallehn M. , Winterer M. , Weirich T.E. , Keiderling U. , Hahn H. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNanocrystalline alumina particles coated with polyethylene have been prepared by a two‐step chemical vapor synthesis (CVS) process using a hot‐wall reactor to synthesize the nanocrystalline alumina core, and a RF plasma reactor for the subsequent polymer coating. The particle radius is about 4 nm, with the radius of the ceramic core being about 2.5 nm and the coating thickness about 1.5 nm. The powders have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
Secretory phospholipase A2 induces dendritic cell maturation
Authors: Perrin‐Cocon Laure , Agaugué Sophie , Coutant Frédéric , Masurel Aurélie , Bezzine Sofiane , Lambeau Gérard , André Patrice , Lotteau Vincent 
Published: June 2004

AbstractHigh level of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity is found in serum and biological fluids during the acute‐phase response (APR). Extracellular PLA2 in fluids of patients with inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, acute pancreatitis or rheumatoid arthritis is also associated with propagation of inflammation. PLA2 activity is involved in the release of bothpro‐ and anti‐inflammatory lipid mediators from phospholipids of cellular membranes or circulating lipoproteins. PLA2 may thus generate signals that influence immune responses. Here, groupIII secretory PLA2 were tested for their ability to promote generation of functionally mature human dendritic cells (DC). PLA2 treatment of differentiating monocytes in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and IL‐4 yielded cells with phenotypical and functional characteristics of mature DC. This maturation was dependent on the dose of PLA2, and PLA2‐generated DC stimulated IFN‐γ secretion by allogeneic T cells. The effects of PLA2 on DC maturation was mainly dependent on enzyme activity and correlated with the activation of NF‐κB, AP‐1 and NFAT. The data suggest that transient increase in PLA2 activity generates signals that promote transition of innate to adaptive immunity during the APR.
Biological function of the soluble CEACAM1 protein and implications in TAP2‐deficient patients
Authors: Markel Gal , Achdout Hagit , Katz Gil , Ling Khoon‐Lin , Salio Mariolina , Gruda Raizy , Gazit Roi , Mizrahi Sa'ar , Hanna Jacob , Gonen‐Gross Tsufit , Arnon Tal I , Lieberman Niva , Stren Noam , Nachmias Boaz , Blumberg Richard S. , Steuer Guy , Blau Hanna , Cerundolo Vincenzo , Mussaffi Huda , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: June 2004

AbstractInteractions of natural killer (NK) cells with MHC class I proteins provide the main inhibitory signals controlling NK killing activity. It is therefore surprising to learn that TAP2‐deficientpatients suffer from autoimmune manifestations only occasionally in later stages of life. We have previously described that the CEACAM1‐mediated inhibitory mechanism of NK cytotoxicity plays a major role in controlling NK autoreactivity in three newly identified TAP2‐deficient siblings. This novel mechanism probably compensates for the lack of MHC class I‐mediated inhibition. The CEACAM1 protein can also be present in a soluble form and the biological function of the soluble form of CEACAM1 with regard to NK cells has not been investigated. Here we show that the homophilic CEACAM1 interactions are abrogated in the presence of soluble CEACAM1 protein in a dose‐dependent manner. Importantly, the amounts of soluble CEACAM1 protein detected in sera derived from the TAP2‐deficient patients were dramatically reduced as compared to healthy controls. This dramatic reduction does not depend on the membrane‐bound metalloproteinase activity. Thus, the expression of CEACAM1 and the absence of soluble CEACAM1 observed in the TAP2‐deficient patients practically maximize the inhibitory effect and probably help to minimize autoimmunity in these patients.
Heavy Metals in Matrices of Food Interest: Sequential Voltammetric Determination at Trace and Ultratrace Level of Copper, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Manganese and Iron in Meals
Authors: Locatelli Clinio 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe voltammetric methods are very suitable and versatile techniques for the simultaneous metal determination in complex matrices. The present work, regarding the sequential determination of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) by square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), As(III), Se(IV) by square‐wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) and Mn(II), Fe(III) by square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) in matrices involved in foods and food chain as wholemeal, wheat and maize meal, are an interesting example of the possibility to sequentially determine each single element in real samples. Besides the set up of the analytical method, particular attention is aimed either at the problem of possible signal interference or to show that, using the peak area Ap as instrumental datum, it is possible to achieve lower limits of detection. The analytical procedure was verified by the analysis of the standard reference materials: Wholemeal BCR‐CRM 189, Wheat Flour NIST‐SRM 1567a and Rice Flour NIST‐SRM 1568a. Precision, as repeatability, and accuracy, expressed as relative standard deviation and relative error, respectively, were lower than 6% in all cases. In the presence of reciprocal interference, the standard addition method considerably improved the resolution of the voltammetric technique. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to commercial meals sampled on market for sale. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed.
Nickel Amperometric Detector Prepared by Electroless Deposition for Microchip Electrophoretic Measurement of Alcohols and Sugars
Authors: Wang Joseph , Chen Gang , Chatrathi Madhu Prakash 
Published: June 2004

AbstractNickel was deposited directly at the end of an electrophoretic glass microchip using an electroless deposition procedure leading to an attractive amperometric detector for sugars and alcohols. Such direct electroless deposition of nickel at the end of the separation chip greatly simplifies the preparation of on‐chip electrochemical detectors. Variables affecting the preparation and operation of the new detector are characterized and optimized. The integrated capillary electrophoresis‐electrochemical detection microsystem was evaluated for the separation of alcohols and sugars in connection to assays of different beer and wine samples. Linear calibration plots and favorable detection limits are found that meet the needs of real sample (wine and beer) analyses. This represents the first example of using nickel electrode and detecting alcohols on microchip platforms.
A Monitoring System for Selective Determination of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates by the Adsorptive Stripping‐Indirect Tensammetric Technique
Authors: Stasiewicz C. , Szymanski A. , Lukaszewski Z. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new monitoring system for the adsorptive stripping‐indirect tensammetric technique has been developed. The system responded selectively to alkylphenol ethoxylates having 5–14 oxyethylene subunits (APE) (being a fraction of nonionic surfactants). It consists of 20 ppm of Mannoxol OT and 20 ppb of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). In the presence of APE a tensammetric peak of the monitoring mixture is growing. A calibration plot has a slightly sigmoidal shape; the dynamic response range is from 0.5 to 2.0 μg and the detection limit is 0.075 μg. APE determination is highly tolerant to alcohol ethoxylates (AE) having a C18 hydrophobic part, however, the tolerance of AE having a C12 hydrophobic part is small (the APE signal is only three times higher than that of AE having a C12 hydrophobic part). An analytical response to a mixture consisting different nonionic surfactants (NS) is approximately additive. The developed monitoring system was applied to the determination of an APE fraction in 14 river water samples. NS were separated from the water matrix by liquid‐liquid extraction with chloroform. The recovery of Triton X‐100 spike was 102% and the precision 6.5%.
Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Native and Aggregated α‐Synuclein Protein Involved in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Masařík Michal , Stobiecka Agata , Kizek René , Jelen František , Pechan Zdeněk , Hoyer Wolfgang , Jovin Thomas M. , Subramaniam Vinod , Paleček Emil 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe aggregation of α‐synuclein, a 14 kDa protein, is involved in several human neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease. We studied native and in vitro aggregated α‐synuclein by circular dichroism (CD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical methods. We used constant current chronopotentiometric stripping analysis (CPSA) to measure hydrogen evolution catalyzed by α‐synuclein (peak H) at hanging mercury drop electrodes (HMDE) and square‐wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) to monitor tyrosine oxidation at carbon paste electrodes (CPE). To decrease the volume of the analyte, most of the electrochemical measurements were performed by adsorptive transfer (medium exchange) from 3–6 μL drops of α‐synuclein samples. With both CPE and HMDE we observed changes in electrochemical responses of α‐synuclein corresponding to protein fibrillization detectable by CD, fluorescence and AFM. Aggregation‐induced changes in peak H at HMDE were relatively large in strongly aggregated samples, suggesting that this electrochemical signal may find use in the analysis of early stages of α‐synuclein aggregation. This assumption was documented by marked changes in the peak H potential and height in samples withdrawn at the end of the lag and the beginning of the elongation phase. Native α‐synuclein can be detected down to subnanomolar concentrations by CPSA.
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometer for automated and robust polypeptide determination in body fluids for clinical use
Authors: Kaiser Thorsten , Wittke Stefan , Just Ingo , Krebs Ronald , Bartel Sebastian , Fliser Danilo , Mischak Harald , Weissinger Eva M. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe describe the application of capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled on‐line to an electrospray ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometer (ESI‐TOF‐MS) to the analysis of human urine and serum for the identification of biomarkers for clinical diagnostics. CE‐MS led to display > 1000 polypeptides present in complex biological samples within 45–60 min in a single analysis run. To extract the information of the CE‐MS spectra in a timely fashion, a software was designed to automatically deconvolute and normalize the spectra. Both urine and serum contain several hundred polypeptides in samples from healthy individuals. Hence, it is possible to establish typical “normal urine” or “normal serum” polypeptide patterns. Samples from patients with different diseases display polypeptide patterns that differ significantly from those obtained from healthy individuals. Examining series of patients with the same disease allowed the establishment of polypeptide patterns typical for specific diseases. This permits the search for marker peptides specific for diseases. The data indicate that a single polypeptide present in all patients with the same disease, but absent in all healthy control individuals does not exist. The combination of several polypeptides found in either urine or serum or both are forming a specific pattern, which is indicative not only for the particular disease, but also for the stage of disease. CE‐MS detects many polypeptides in single samples and the application of the software to the search of identical polypeptides excreted in urine allows the unbiased diagnosis based on a pattern and does not rely on single disease markers.
Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry of basic proteins using a new physically adsorbed polymer coating. Some applications in food analysis
Authors: Simó Carolina , Elvira Carlos , González Nieves , San Román J. , Barbas Coral , Cifuentes Alejandro 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA new physically adsorbed capillary coating for capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) of basic proteins is presented, which is easily obtained by flushing the capillary with a polymer aqueous solution for two min. This coating significantly reduces the electrostatic adsorption of a group of basic proteins (i.e., cytochrome c, lysozyme, and ribonuclease A) onto the capillary wall allowing their analysis by CE‐MS. The coating protocol is compatible with electrospray inonization (ESI)‐MS via the reproducible separation of the standard basic proteins (%RSD values (n = 5) < 1% for analysis time reproducibility and < 5% for peak heights, measured from the total ion electropherograms (TIEs) within the same day). The LODs determined using cytochrome c with total ion current and extracted ion current defection were 24.5 and 2.9 fmol, respectively. Using this new coating lysozymes from chicken and turkey egg white could be easily distinguished by CE‐MS, demonstrating the usefulness of this method to differentiate animal species. Even after sterilization at 120°C for 30 min, lysozyme could be detected, as well as in wines at concentrations much lower than the limit marked by the EC Commission Regulation. Adulteration of minced meat with 5% of egg‐white could also be analysed by our CE‐MS protocol.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Soga Tomoyoshi , Kakazu Yuji , Robert Martin , Tomita Masaru , Nishioka Takaaki 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe describe a method to identify and quantify amino acids using capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (CE‐ESI‐MS/MS). Amino acids, including physiological amino acids, were first separated by CE under acidic pH conditions and then detected by MS/MS. To efficiently introduce the whole sample into the capillary, no electrical potential was applied to the electrospray probe until running electrophoresis. The position of the electrosprayer with respect to the MS capillary entrance drastically affected sensitivity and generation of cluster ions. MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection was performed to obtain sufficient selectivity and sensitivity. Under optimized CE‐MS/MS conditions, the minimum detectable levels for 32 free amino acids normally found in proteins and other physiological amino acids were between 0.1 and 14 μmol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 3 s (3 nL) at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. For most amino acids, this constitutes a severalfold increase in sensitivity compared to CE‐MS. The relative standard deviations (% RSD) for all amino acids were better than 0.4% for migration times and between 1.4% and 8.6% for peak areas (n = 10). Since amino acids exhibited characteristic MS/MS spectra, this approach is useful for the simultaneous, selective, quantitative, and reproducible analysis of amino acids in physiological and biological samples that contain various kinds of matrices. The power of the method was demonstrated by analyzing amino acids in human urine.