bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Clinical Correlates, and Treatment of Migraine in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Low Nancy C. P. , Du Fort Guillaume Galbaud , Cervantes Pablo 
Published: September 2003

Objective.—To investigate the prevalence, clinical correlates, and treatment of migraine in bipolar disorder.Background.—The relationship between migraine and mood disorders has been of long‐standing interest to researchers and clinicians. Although a strong association has been demonstrated consistently for migraine and major depression, there has been less systematic research on the links between migraine and bipolar disorder.Methods.—A migraine questionnaire (based on International Headache Society criteria) was administered to 108 outpatients with bipolar disorder. Information on the clinical course of bipolar illness was also collected.Results.—The overall lifetime prevalence of migraine was 39.8% (43.8% among women and 31.4% among men). In the subgroup of patients with bipolar II disorder, the lifetime prevalence of migraine was 64.7%. The bipolar with migraine group was younger, tended to be more educated, was more likely to be employed or studying, and had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations. Their initial presentation for psychiatric treatment was more often for symptoms of depression, rather than hypomania or mania. They were more likely to have a family history of migraine and psychiatric disorders, and a greater number of affected relatives. They were less likely to use mood stabilizers, and more likely to use atypical antidepressants. Migraine was assessed by a neurologist in only 16% of affected patients. The prevalence of the use of specific antimigraine medications (triptans) was 27.9%.Conclusions.—This study confirms the higher prevalence of migraine among those with bipolar disorder compared to the general population. Migraine in patients with bipolar disorder is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Bipolar disorder with migraine is associated with differences in the clinical course of bipolar disorder, and may represent a subtype of bipolar disorder.
Factors Associated With Migraine‐Related Quality of Life and Disability in Adolescents: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Tkachuk Gregg A. , Cottrell Constance K. , Gibson Jessica S. , O'Donnell Francis J. , Holroyd Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2003

Objectives.—This study examined factors associated with impaired quality of life and functioning in a sample of treatment‐seeking adolescent migraineurs.Subjects.—The 37 participants were 51.4% female, and averaged 14.3 years of age and 4.1 migraines per month for the previous 36 months.Procedure.—The Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, questionnaire items inquiring about missed activities, and headache diary recordings of missed and impaired activity time served as dependent measures. Variables studied were age; gender; migraine frequency, duration, and severity; presence of nausea, photophobia, or phonophobia; and number of visits to an emergency department in the previous year.Results.—Three hierarchical forward regressions and one logistic regression, controlling for age and gender, revealed that the presence of nausea and at least one emergency department visit predicted poorer quality of life and a greater number of missed activities in these adolescent migraineurs. The presence of migraine‐related missed activity hours from headache diaries was predicted by being male, having higher combined photophobia and phonophobia sensitivity scores, as well as more frequent and severe migraines. Greater impairment was predicted by having longer average duration attacks.Conclusions.—These preliminary findings suggest that the continued development of effective treatment approaches to alleviate pain, suffering, and disability in adolescent migraineurs is required. In particular, evidence for the impact of nausea and sensitivities suggests that they may be important targets for treatment. As well, adolescent migraineurs with a history of a visit to an emergency department in the previous year likely experience greater individual and family distress, more disability, and poorer quality of life that require thoughtful, comprehensive treatment to prevent the development of more severe headache difficulties.
Cervicogenic Headache: Locus of Control and Success of Treatment
Authors: Stanton W. R. , Jull G. A. 
Published: September 2003

Background.—A number of extraneous factors have been implicated in the effectiveness of treatment of headache, including patient beliefs about aspects of the treatment or persons delivering the treatment.Objective.—The concept of external locus of control for headaches refers to patients with a high level of belief that headache and relief are influenced primarily by health care professionals. The aim of this study was to examine whether external locus of control is associated with a reduction in frequency of cervicogenic headaches among patients treated by a physiotherapist.Design.—A recent randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of physiotherapy among 200 patients with headache enabled a test of this relationship. Treatment consisted of manipulative therapy, therapeutic exercise, or a combination of the 2. Analysis of relative change in headache frequency was conducted after 6 weeks of treatment and at 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up appointments.Results.—Results of the analysis indicated that participants with relatively high external Headache‐Specific Locus of Control scores were more likely to achieve a reduction in headache frequency if they received the combined manipulative therapy and exercise therapy, compared with those who received no treatment. This was not determined for the group who received manipulative therapy, which is a treatment received passively by the patient.Conclusions.—The interpretation of these findings is considered in the context of nongeneralization to the other physiotherapy treatment groups and sustained reduction in headache frequency following withdrawal of treatment. The pattern of findings suggests that characteristics of the therapy were more pertinent than characteristics of the therapist.
Tolerability and Safety of Eletriptan in the Treatment of Migraine: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mathew Ninan T. , Hettiarachchi Jayasena , Alderman Jeffrey 
Published: September 2003

Objective.—To provide a comprehensive review of the tolerability and safety of eletriptan.Background.—Eletriptan is a potent and selective 5‐HT1B/1D agonist that has demonstrated significant efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine in doses of 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg.Design.—This review reports the tolerability and safety of eletriptan across a broad spectrum of preclinical studies and clinical trials that collectively included treatment of more than 11 000 subjects and more than 74 000 migraine attacks.Results.—In clinical trials, eletriptan was well tolerated and safe across its dosing range of 20 mg to 80 mg. The adverse event profile of eletriptan 20 mg was similar to placebo, while the most commonly used dose, eletriptan 40 mg, has an adverse event profile that is only marginally higher than placebo. Eletriptan was safe and well tolerated regardless of age or gender, and for both short‐ and long‐term treatment. Eletriptan is metabolized primarily by the CYP3A4 enzyme. Coadministration of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors was not associated with clinically meaningful change in eletriptan tolerability or safety in the population included in these clinical trials. The margin of cardiovascular safety for eletriptan was also confirmed by a well‐controlled clinical study in which intravenous eletriptan in excess of an 80‐mg dose was rapidly infused in patients undergoing coronary angiography; nonetheless, it is recommended that eletriptan not be coadministered with a limited list of 7 potent CYP3A4 inhibitors; in addition, the triptan class in general (including eletriptan) is contraindicated in patients with symptoms or findings consistent with ischemic heart disease or other significant underlying cardiovascular disease.Conclusions.—This comprehensive review found that eletriptan is safe and well tolerated, and that relatively large changes in dose and plasma concentration result in minimal changes in tolerability.
Efficacy of Eletriptan in Migraineurs With Persistent Poor Response to Nonsteroidal Anti‐inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Chia Yook‐Chin , Lim Shih‐Hui , Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Cheong Y. M. , Denaro Jean , Hettiarachchi Jayasena 
Published: September 2003

Background/Objective.—Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs continue to be one of the most widely used therapies for migraine, but their efficacy in treating moderate to severe migraine headache has not been well documented. In contrast, the efficacy of triptans in this group of patients is well documented, although no systematic research is available that evaluates the effectiveness of switching to a triptan in patients who respond poorly to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.Methods.—One hundred thirteen patients who met International Headache Society criteria for migraine and who did not experience satisfactory response to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, received open‐label treatment with a 40‐mg dose of eletriptan for one migraine attack. Efficacy assessments were made at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours postdose and consisted of headache and pain‐free response rates, absence of associated symptoms, and functional response. Global ratings of treatment effectiveness and preference were obtained at 24 hours.Results.—The pain‐free response rate at 2 hours postdose was 25% and at 4 hours postdose, 55%; the headache response rate at 2 hours was 66% and at 4 hours, 87%. At 2 hours postdose, relief of baseline associated symptoms was achieved by 41% of patients with nausea compared to 82% of patients at 4 hours; for patients with phonophobia, 67% were relieved at 2 hours and 93% at 4 hours, and for patients with photophobia, 70% were relieved at 2 hours and 91% at 4 hours. Functional response was achieved by 70% of patients by 2 hours postdose. The high level of acute response was maintained over 24 hours, with only 24% of patients experiencing a headache recurrence and only 10% using rescue medication. At 24 hours postdose, 74% of patients rated eletriptan as preferable to any previous treatment for migraine. The most frequent reasons cited for this treatment preference were faster headache improvement (83%) and functional response (78%). Overall, eletriptan was well tolerated; most adverse events were transient and mild to moderate in severity. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion.—Results of this open‐label trial found the 40‐mg dose of eletriptan to have a high degree of efficacy and tolerability among patients who responded poorly to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
Managing Intractable Migraine With Naratriptan
Authors: Gallagher R. Michael , Mueller Loretta 
Published: September 2003

Background.—Intractable migraine presents a significant treatment challenge to both patient and physician. Most attacks are treatable or self‐limiting, but occasionally they may continue for extended periods regardless of treatment.Objective.—To determine the efficacy of naratriptan 2.5 mg twice daily for the treatment of intractable migraine.Methods.—We reviewed 24 patients treated with naratriptan twice daily for an intractable migraine attack. Patients were permitted to take prophylactic medication if such treatment had been effective in the past.Results.—Nineteen patients (79%) improved. Twelve patients showed excellent response with cessation of pain and associated symptoms, 7 patients partially responded with lessening of pain and cessation of associated symptoms, and 5 patients were nonresponsive.Conclusion.—Short‐term daily administration of naratriptan may be effective in terminating status migrainosus.
Activation of Pain by Sumatriptan
Authors: Coulter David M. , Passier J. L. M. (Anneke) , Clark David W. J. , Van Puijenbroek Eugene P. 
Published: September 2003

Objective.—To demonstrate that sumatriptan may induce activation or aggravation of pain at sites of inflammation caused by trauma or disease.Methods.—Case reports from the national pharmacovigilance centers of 2 countries, The Netherlands and New Zealand, are presented. These reports come from programs that use 2 methodologies to monitor drugs for adverse reactions: spontaneous reporting and a prospective observational cohort study. The potential mechanisms for pain production by sumatriptan are discussed in detail.Results.—Thirteen case reports of activation of pain by sumatriptan following injury and 8 associated with inflammatory diseases are presented. Most patients had one or more positive rechallenges. This type of reaction occurred at a higher rate with the subcutaneous formulation than with the oral preparation. Pain mostly was severe but short‐lasting; pain was prolonged in some patients with inflammatory disease.Conclusions.—A strong association has been demonstrated between the use of sumatriptan and the production of pain at sites of inflammation, and there is a plausible pharmacological mechanism for this reaction. Pain activation may be a class effect of the selective serotonergic agonists used in the treatment of migraine.
Treating Chronic Tension‐type Headache Not Responding to Amitriptyline Hydrochloride With Paroxetine Hydrochloride: A Pilot Evaluation
Authors: Holroyd Kenneth A. , Labus Jennifer S. , O'Donnell Francis J. , Cordingley Gary E. 
Published: September 2003

Context.—In some individuals, chronic tension‐type headache fails to respond to tricyclic antidepressant medications that often serve as first‐line therapy.Objective.—To evaluate the clinical efficacy of paroxetine hydrochloride for chronic tension‐type headache not responding to amitriptyline hydrochloride.Design and Setting.—Open‐label trial of paroxetine conducted at 2 outpatient sites in Ohio.Participants and Intervention.—Thirty‐one adults (mean age, 37 years; 20 women) with chronic tension‐type headache (mean, 25 headache days per month) who had failed to respond (less than 30% improvement) to treatment with either amitriptyline (n = 13) or matched placebo (n = 18). All participants were treated with paroxetine (up to 40 mg per day) in a 9‐month protocol.Outcome Measures.—Monthly headache index calculated as the mean of pain ratings (0 to 10 scale) recorded by participants in a diary 4 times per day, number of days per month with at least moderate pain (pain rating of 5 or greater), and analgesic medication use.Results.—In patients who had not responded to amitriptyline, paroxetine failed to reduce chronic tension‐type headaches or analgesic medication use. In patients who had not responded to placebo, paroxetine produced modest reductions in chronic tension‐type headaches and analgesic use.Conclusions.—We found no evidence that chronic tension‐type headaches that failed to respond to tricyclic antidepressant therapy with amitriptyline improved when subsequently treated with paroxetine. More support was found for the efficacy of paroxetine in patients with chronic tension‐type headaches who had failed to respond to placebo.
Taurus Tunable Filter — Seven Years of Observing
Authors: Bland-Hawthorn J. , Kedziora-Chudczer L. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Taurus Tunable Filter (TTF) has now been in regular use for seven years on the Anglo–Australian Telescope (AAT). The instrument was also used for three years (1996–1999) on the William Herschel Telescope (WHT). We present a brief review of the different applications in order to illustrate the versatility of tunable filters in optical/IR spectrophotometric imaging. Tunable filters are now either planned or under development for 6–10 m class telescopes which ensures their use for years to come.
Production of Aluminium and the Heavy Magnesium Isotopes in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Authors: Karakas A. I. , Lattanzio J. C. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe investigate the production of aluminium and magnesium in asymptotic giant branch models covering a wide range in mass and composition. We evolve models from the pre-main sequence, through all intermediate stages, to near the end of the thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch phase. We then perform detailed nucleosynthesis calculations from which we determine the production of the magnesium and aluminium isotopes as a function of the stellar mass and composition. We present the stellar yields of sodium and the magnesium and aluminium isotopes. We discuss the abundance predictions from the stellar models in reference to abundance anomalies observed in globular cluster stars.
Long-duration Coherent Radio Emission from the dMe Star Proxima Centauri
Authors: Slee O. B. , Willes A. J. , Robinson R. D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe Australia Telescope and Anglo-Australian Telescope were used in May 2000 to record the radio and optical emissions from the dMe flare star Proxima Centauri. Eight bright optical flares over a two-day interval resulted in no detectable excess short-term radio emission at 1.38 and 2.50 GHz. However, a slowly declining 1.38 GHz emission over the two-day interval was nearly 100% right circular polarised and was restricted to a relatively narrow bandwidth with total intensity (I) and circular polarisation (V) varying significantly over the 104 MHz receiver bandwidth. These are the first observations to show that highly-polarised narrowband flare star emission can persist for several days. This signature is attributed to sources of coherent radio emission in the star's corona. Similarities with various solar radio emissions are discussed; however, it is not possible with the existing observations to distinguish between fundamental plasma emission and electron–cyclotron maser emission as the responsible mechanism.
The Radio–FIR Correlation: Is MHD Turbulence the Cause?
Authors: Groves Brent A. , Cho Jungyeon , Dopita Michael , Lazarian Alex 
Published: September 2003

AbstractThe radio–far infrared correlation is one of the tightest correlations found in astronomy. Many of the models explaining this correlation rely on the association of global magnetic field strength with gas density. In this letter we put forward that the physical reason for this association lies within the processes of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence.
A New Procedure for the Photometric Parallax Estimation
Authors: Karaali S. , Karataş Y. , Bilir S. , Ak S. G. , Hamzaoğlu E. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe present a new procedure for photometric parallax estimation. The data for 1236 stars provide calibrations between the absolute magnitude offset from the Hyades main-sequence and the ultraviolet-excess for eight different (B–V)0 colour-index intervals, (0.3 0.4), (0.4 0.5), (0.5 0.6), (0.6 0.7), (0.7 0.8), (0.8 0.9), (0.9 1.0) and (1.0 1.1). The mean difference between the original and estimated absolute magnitudes and the corresponding standard deviation are rather small, +0.0002 and ±0.0613 mag. The procedure has been adapted to the Sloan photometry by means of colour equations and applied to a set of artificial stars with different metallicities. The comparison of the absolute magnitudes estimated by the new procedure and the canonical one indicates that a single colour–magnitude diagram does not supply reliable absolute magnitudes for stars with large range of metallicity.
Is High-Velocity Cloud Complex C Associated with the Galactic Warp?
Authors: Kawata Daisuke , Thom Christopher , Gibson Brad K. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe test the hypothesis that high-velocity gas cloud Complex C is actually a high-latitude spiral arm extension in the direction of the Galactic warp, as opposed to the standard interpretation — that of a once extragalactic, but now infalling, gas cloud. A parallel Tree N-body code was employed to simulate the tidal interaction of a satellite perturber with the Milky Way. We find that a model incorporating a perturber of the mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud on a south to north polar orbit, crossing the disk at ˜15 kpc, does yield a high-velocity, high-latitude extension consistent with the spatial, kinematical, and column density properties of Complex C. Unless this massive satellite remains undiscovered because of either a fortuitous alignment with the Galactic bulge (feasible within the framework of the model), or the lack of any associated baryonic component, we conclude that this alternative interpretation appears unlikely.
Australia's Role in Gravitational Wave Detection
Authors: Jacob John S. , Barriga Pablo , Blair David G. , Brooks Aidan , Burman Ron , Burston Raymond , Chan Lee , Chan XiuTing , Chin Eu-Jeen , Chow Jong , Coward David , Cusack Benedict , de Vine Glen , Degallaix Jerome , Dumas Jean-Charles , Faulkner Angus , Garoi Florin , Gras Slawomir , Gray Malcolm , Hamilton Murray , Herne Matthew , Hollitt C. , Hosken David , Howell Eric , Ju Li , Kelly T. , Lee Ben , Lee Chuen Ying , Lee Kah Tho , Lun Antony , McClelland David , McKenzie Kirk , Mow-Lowry C. , Mudge Damien , Munch Jesper , Paget Darren , Schediwy Sascha , Scott Susan , Searle Antony , Sheard Ben , Slagmolen Bram , Veitch Peter , Winterflood John , Woolley Andrew , Yan Zewu , Zhao Chunnong 
Published: September 2003

AbstractAn enormous effort is underway worldwide to attempt to detect gravitational waves. If successful, this will open a new frontier in astronomy. An essential portion of this effort is being carried out in Australia by the Australian Consortium for Interferometric Gravitational Astronomy (ACIGA), with research teams working at the Australia National University, University of Western Australia, and University of Adelaide involving scientists and students representing many more institutions and nations. ACIGA is developing ultrastable high-power continuous-wave lasers for the next generation interferometric gravity wave detectors; researching the problems associated with high optical power in resonant cavities; opening frontiers in advanced interferometry configurations, quantum optics, and signal extraction; and is the world's leader in high-performance vibration isolation and suspension design. ACIGA has also been active in theoretical research and modelling of potential astronomical gravitational wave sources, and in developing data analysis detection algorithms. ACIGA has opened a research facility north of Perth, Western Australia, which will be the culmination of these efforts. This paper briefly reviews ACIGA's research activities and the prospects for gravitational wave astronomy in the southern hemisphere.
A Distributed Data Implementation of the Perspective Shear-Warp Volume Rendering Algorithm for Visualisation of Large Astronomical Cubes
Authors: Beeson Brett , Barnes David G. , Bourke Paul D. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractWe describe the first distributed data implementation of the perspective shear-warp volume rendering algorithm and explore its applications to large astronomical data cubes and simulation realisations. Our system distributes sub-volumes of 3-dimensional images to leaf nodes of a Beowulf-class cluster, where the rendering takes place. Junction nodes composite the sub-volume renderings together and pass the combined images upwards for further compositing or display. We demonstrate that our system out-performs other software solutions and can render a 'worst-case' 512 × 512 × 512 data volume in less than four seconds using 16 rendering and 15 compositing nodes. Our system also performs very well compared with much more expensive hardware systems. With appropriate commodity hardware, such as Swinburne's Virtual Reality Theatre or a 3Dlabs Wildcat graphics card, stereoscopic display is possible.
At the Vigintennial of the Butcher–Oemler Effect
Authors: Pimbblet Kevin A. 
Published: September 2003

AbstractIn their study of the evolution of galaxies within clusters, Butcher and Oemler discovered evidence for a strong evolution in star-formation rate with redshift. Later studies confirmed this conclusion and uncovered several aspects of the effect: photometric, spectroscopic, and morphological. This article reviews a broad sample of these works and discusses selection effects, biases, and driving mechanisms that might be responsible for the changes in star-formation rate.