bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betrayal From the Core: Centriolar and Cytoskeletal Subversion by Infectious Pathogens
Authors: Amita Himanshi , Subair Zidhan , Mora Tulasiram , Dudhe Pranay Eknath , Dhanasekaran Karthigeyan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobes and parasites have evolved several means to evade and usurp the host cellular machinery to mediate pathogenesis. Being the major microtubule‐organizing center (MTOC) of the cell, the centrosome is targeted by multiple viral and nonviral pathogens to mediate their assembly and trafficking within the host cell. This review examines the consequence of such targeting to the centrosome and associated cytoskeletal machinery. We have also amassed a substantial body of evidence of viruses utilizing the cilia within airway epithelium to mediate infection and the hijacking of host cytoskeletal machinery for efficient entry, replication, and egress. While infections have been demonstrated to induce structural, functional, and numerical aberrations in centrosomes, and induce ciliary dysfunction, current literature increasingly supports the notion of a pro‐viral role for these organelles. Although less explored, the impact of bacterial and parasitic pathogens on these structures has also been addressed very briefly. Mechanistically, the molecular pathways responsible for these effects remain largely uncharacterized in many instances. Future research focusing on the centriolar triad comprising the centrosome, cilia, and centriolar satellites will undoubtedly provide vital insights into the tactics employed by infectious agents to subvert the host centriole and cytoskeleton‐based machinery.
Structure‐Atropisomer Stability Relationship in Selective MCL‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Sipos Szabolcs , Balazs Barbara , Gati Tamas , Csékei Márton , Kováacs Mihály , Szlavik Zoltan , Paczal Attila , Bálint Balázs , Murray James B. , Davidson James , Hubbard Roderick E. , Le Toumelin‐Braizat Gaëtane , Maragno Ana Leticia , Geneste Olivier , Stirling András , Kotschy András 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtropisomersm is an emerging feature in recent drug candidates due to the increasing complexity of the targeted protein surfaces. The developability of the drug candidates requires that their atropisomer interconversion is either fast or very slow at ambient temperature therefore the understanding and predictability of the isomerization rate is of great importance. Through a series of selective MCL‐1 inhibitors we studied how structural features influence the interconversion of atropisomers. Besides basic observations such as stability in solution, we also carried out NMR kinetics at varying temperatures and a quantum chemical assessment of the isomerization process. The results of our theoretical studies and experimental investigations matched nicely when it came to predicting the presence or absence of isomerization at ambient temperature. For certain compounds we also measured the rotational barrier that fitted nicely the predicted values. The better understanding of how structural elements impact atropisomer stability enables the more efficient optimization of this important feature.
A Case of Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma of the Lung With Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Lu Xunlai , Liu Shengfu , Ma Luyao , Zhu Junwei , Cao Wei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSynovial sarcoma, a highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma, is mostly seen among young people and tends to occur in the extremities. It most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, and symptoms such as chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing are common after metastasis. However, multiple spontaneous pneumothorax is relatively rare. This article aims to further enhance the understanding of synovial sarcoma by introducing a case of pulmonary metastasis after surgery for synovial sarcoma originating from the sole of the foot and reviewing relevant literature.CaseThe Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Northeast Yunnan Central Hospital Region admitted a 40‐year‐old male patient. He had previously undergone surgery for synovial sarcoma on the left foot dorsum. Seven years after the surgery, the patient experienced two spontaneous pneumothorax events. A chest CT scan revealed solid nodules in the upper lobe of the left lung. Our department performed surgical removal, and pathology confirmed metastatic pulmonary synovial sarcoma. After the surgery, the patient's symptoms improved significantly, and there were no further pneumothorax attacks. The patient was then transferred to the oncology department for further treatment to improve prognosis.ConclusionPulmonary metastasis of synovial sarcoma is not uncommon, and a considerable number of patients are found to have no surgical opportunity when diagnosed. In this case, the patient presented with a single solid nodule, and we adopted surgery as the first‐line treatment, combined with a comprehensive treatment plan of postoperative chemotherapy to further improve the patient's prognosis.
Cyclically Generated Phase Segregation Synergizing with Si Enhances Lithium‐Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Zhu Haoyuan , Yu Zaoyan , Song Yushuai , Liu Shun , Zhao Luzheng , Guo Jiancong , Li Wenruo , Han Xu , Wen Zhongsheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSilicon‐based materials has been focused as potential candidates for lithium‐ion battery anodes due to their sufficient reserves and extremely high specific capacity. However, the drastic volume expansion during the cycling leads to material pulverization and instability of the solid‐electrolyte interface resulting in the rapid capacity fading, which restricts their commercial application. In this study, an original synergistic effect resulting from the phase segregation of Mn‐based metal organic framework (Mn‐MOF) during cycling is proposed to modify silicon via a facile self‐assembly method and investigated as an anode material in LIBs. The unique composite structure can effectively improve the reversibility of silicon and enhance the lithium‐ion storage capability. After 400 cycles, the Si@Mn‐MOF composite exhibits a good electrochemical performance, achieving a high reversible capacity retention of 1234.4 mAh g−1 at a current density of 200 mA g−1.
Enhancing Spectral Coverage, Efficiency, and Photometric Accuracy in Ultrafast Fluorescence Upconversion Spectroscopy
Authors: Kapitzke Marco , Palato Samuel , Raj Amar , Kumpulainen Tatu , Stähler Julia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTime‐resolved fluorescence techniques are essential for studying the excited‐state dynamics of molecules and materials, as well as their interactions with the surrounding media. Fluorescence upconversion provides femtosecond time resolution, but its limited spectral coverage often restricts its application. Broadband variants of fluorescence upconversion spectroscopy (FLUPS) offer improved spectral coverage but require balancing spectral bandwidth against signal strength. In this paper, we introduce a three‐angle method (3‐AM) for FLUPS designed to overcome these limitations. This method enhances spectral coverage, photometric accuracy, and signal‐to‐noise ratio by recording and averaging spectrally resolved upconversion signals at three distinct crystal angles. Unlike other techniques that rely on spectral reconstruction or continuous crystal rotation during acquisition, the 3‐AM relies on fixed crystal positions, allowing for robust post‐acquisition corrections. We validate the performance and reproducibility of the 3‐AM by comparing it with the conventional fixed‐angle approach, as well as through blind testing in two independent laboratories. Despite variations in experimental configuration, the 3‐AM consistently produces reproducible spectral line shapes across the two setups. The enhanced performance and reliability demonstrate its practicality for laboratories with broadband FLUPS capabilities. Thus, the 3‐AM is a valuable tool for investigating ultrafast radiative processes in previously inaccessible molecular and material systems.
Contributions of Microscopy to the Morphological Characterization of the Male Genitalia of Toxomerus politus (Diptera, Syrphidae)
Authors: Silva Ingrid G. M. , Souza Alexandre A. F. , Silveira Ariane P. , Barros‐Cordeiro Karine B. , Lopes Welinton R. , Báo Sonia N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study of insects has historically been linked to the development of microscopy. As techniques have improved, research into insect morphology can increasingly contribute to a better understanding of the structures and functions of the morphological characters of insects' three tagmata. We propose the use of methodologies applied in microscopy as a way of improving and facilitating the study of the morphological characters of fly genitalia. In addition, flies preserved in 70% alcohol were used to verify the feasibility of distinguishing ultrastructural characters in the spermatozoa, when not previously fixed for the preservation of morphological structures. We have shown that it is viable to enhance preservation of specimens using a scanning electron microscopy technique. In addition, the observation of genitalia using this technique, together with confocal laser scanning microscopy, enables better visualization, description, and understanding of the morphological characteristics of fly genitalia. We also noted, in analysis using transmission electron microscopy, that it is possible to recover and describe some morphological features of the ultrastructure of Toxomerus politus (Say, 1823) sperm, obtained from flies stored in 70% alcohol for a long period of time. Comparison between the methods used to investigate the structures of T. politus, observed after preserving the specimen, already demonstrates the importance of using appropriate methodology as a starting point for reliable results. The methodologies and techniques adopted in this work have the potential to be extrapolated to research into other species of flies and other insects in a broad context.
An Enhanced IOMT and Blockchain‐Based Heart Disease Monitoring System Using BS‐THA and OA‐CNN
Authors: Devarajan Mohanarangan Veerappermal , Yallamelli Akhil Raj Gaius , Yalla Rama Krishna Mani Kanta , Mamidala Vijaykumar , Ganesan Thirusubramanian , Sambas Aceng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe heart disease monitoring system is helpful for doctors to understand the overall heart health of patients by measuring the functions of the heart via IoMT devices. However, the existing studies did not consider the arrhythmias' consequences along with ECG and PCG to predict heart disease accurately. Therefore, this paper presents an enhanced IoMT and blockchain‐based heart disease monitoring system using BS‐THA and OA‐CNN. The doctor and patient can initially register and log in to the system. At this point, the keys are generated for patients and doctors. After login, the data sensing is done, and the sensed data is uploaded to the IPFS. Next, the hashcode is generated and stored in the blockchain. In the meantime, MAC is created and verified for authentication. After verifying the MAC, the sensed data is given to the heart disease classification system, which is trained based on preprocessing, spectrum analysis, signal decomposition by PV‐EMD, scalogram, and grayscale conversion, ECG and PCG wavelet components extraction, ECG wave intervals extraction, arrhythmia consequences, feature extraction by DPCA, feature selection, and classification. Finally, the proposed OA‐CNN effectively classified heart disease. Thus, the results proved that the proposed methodology achieved a higher accuracy of 98.32%, which is better than the prevailing models.
Dynamic evolution of TCF3‐PBX1 leukemias at the single‐cell level under chemotherapy pressure
Authors: Kusterer Mira , Lahnalampi Mari , Voutilainen Minna , Brand Alexandra , Pennisi Sandra , Norona Johana , Gentile Gaia , Herzog Heike , Greve Gabriele , Lübbert Michael , Sipola Mikko , Kaartinen Emma , Sankowski Roman , Prinz Marco , Killmer Saskia , Lago Marilyn S. , Bengsch Bertram , Cysar Stepan R. , Aumann Konrad , Werner Martin , Duyster Justus , Lohi Olli , Heinäniemi Merja , Duque‐Afonso Jesús 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. The translocation t(1;19), encoding the TCF3‐PBX1 fusion, is associated with intermediate risk and central nervous system (CNS) infiltration at relapse. Using our previously generated TCF3‐PBX1 conditional knock‐in mice, we established a model to study relapsed clones after in vivo chemotherapy treatment, CNS infiltration, and clonal dynamic evolution of phenotypic diversity at the single cell‐level using next‐generation sequencing technologies and mass cytometry. Mice transplanted with TCF3‐PBX1+ leukemia cells and treated with vehicle succumbed to disease, whereas 40% of treated mice with prednisolone or daunorubicin survived. Bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing of FACS‐sorted GFP+ cells from TCF3‐PBX1+ leukemias arising after chemotherapy treatment revealed that apoptosis, interleukin‐, and TGFβ‐signaling pathways were regulated in CNS‐infiltrating leukemic cells. Across tissues, upregulation of the MYC signaling pathway was detected in persisting leukemic cells and its downregulation by BRD3/4 inhibition increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. In TCF3‐PBX1+ leukemia cells collected after chemotherapy treatment, mass cytometry identified increased phosphorylation of STAT3/5 upon preBCR stimulation, which was susceptible to inhibition by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. In summary, we developed a TCF3‐PBX1+ ALL mouse model and characterized relapsed disease after in vivo chemotherapy and cell phenotype dependence on microenvironment. Transcriptomics and phospho‐proteomics revealed distinct pathways that may underlie chemotherapy resistance and might be suitable for pharmacological interventions in human ALL.
Prevalence of Opportunistic Infections and Determinants Among HIV‐Positive Patients in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Aemiro Aleka , Girma Abayeneh , Beletew Demsew 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsOpportunistic infections (OIs) associated with HIV are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Evaluating the extent of OIs at the national level is essential for developing targeted interventions and effective control measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pooled prevalence and identify the associated factors of OIs among HIV‐positive individuals across all age groups.MethodsThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. It included studies published in English, research articles conducted in Ethiopia, and articles released between 2013 and 2023. A systematic search of articles on the prevalence and determinants of OIs among patients living with HIV in Ethiopia was conducted across four databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library). To evaluate heterogeneity and publication bias, the study employed Cochran's Q, inverse variance (I2), sensitivity analysis, funnel plots, and Begg and Egger regression tests. The meta‐analysis was executed using STATA software, version 14.ResultsOf the 207 articles examined, only 26 met the inclusion requirements. The overall prevalence of OIs among HIV‐positive patients was 42.71% (95% CI: 36.87–48.56). OIs among HIV‐positive individuals were significantly associated with baseline WHO clinical stage II and above (OR: 2.83; 95% CI: 1.93–3.73), khat chewers (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.21–2.66), poor adherence to ART (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.51–3.13), and individuals with an initial CD4 number less than 200 cells/mm3 (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.55–3.09).ConclusionChewing khat, poor adherence, low CD4 count, and WHO stage II and above were found to be predictors of OIs. A constant state of awareness is required for healthcare providers to improve decisions about the proper diagnosis and management of OIs among HIV‐positive individuals.
Unsteady MHD Free Convective Flow of a Micro‐Polar Fluids Over a Vertical Porous Plate in the Presence of Radiation and Chemical Reaction
Authors: Rabha Kankana , Chakraborty Shyamanta 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjective of the paper is to investigate the motion of an unsteady free convective MHD flow of a micro‐polar fluid over semi‐infinite vertically moving porous plate in the presence of chemical reaction and thermal radiation. A transverse magnetic field is applied, assuming a low magnetic Reynolds number. We have discussed the effects of heat radiation due to a heat source and first order chemical reaction within the medium. The perturbation method is applied to solve the nonlinear coupled partial differential equations in their dimensionless form, converting them into a system of ordinary differential equations, which are then solved analytically. The effects of magnetic field, medium permeability, buoyancy force, heat source, concentration gradient, Prandtl number, thermal diffusion, heat radiation, and first order chemical reaction on velocity, temperature and concentration are discussed graphically. The graphical representations are generated using MATLAB software. For engineering interest, their effects on skin friction, heat and mass transfer in terms of Nusselt number and Sherwood number are discussed; numerical values are shown in tabular form. The results show that magnetic fields reduce fluid velocity, while thermal radiation decreases temperature, and chemical reactions lower concentration. Radiation increases skin friction and heat transfer, while chemical reactions reduce mass transfer. Findings have relevance in various problems and situations arising with micro‐polar fluidic devices, industrial like petroleum and lubrication, mixing etc.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies and COVID‐19: A Systematic Review of Clinical Implications
Authors: Sabaghian Tahereh , Kharazmi Amir Behnam , Omidi Fatemeh , Hajikhani Bahareh , Tehrani Shabnam , Mardani Sayna , Shahidi Bonjar Amir Hashem , Centis Rosella , D'Ambrosio Lia , Sotgiu Giovanni , Angeli Fabio , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Migliori Giovanni Battista 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAs the COVID‐19 pandemic transitions, understanding the intricate dynamics of the disease becomes paramount. This systematic review explores the role of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID‐19, focusing on their potential clinical implications.MethodsThis systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, assesses studies exploring the link between antiphospholipid antibodies and COVID‐19. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies published up to December 22, 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised studies involving patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and reporting on the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The risk of bias in individual studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool.ResultsOur Study includes 59 records involving a total of 28,489 COVID‐19 patients. Antiphospholipid antibodies were tested in 14,498 COVID‐19 patients. It was observed that 50.84% of patients tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Various types of antiphospholipid antibodies, including Anticardiolipin, Anti beta2 glycoproteins, and Lupus anticoagulant antibody, displayed prevalence rates in the patients with thrombosis. The overall frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies in thrombosis patients was 38.55%.ConclusionThe presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in a significant proportion of COVID‐19 patients underscores the need for a detailed investigation into their role in thrombotic events. Our study highlights potential avenues for targeted interventions. However, the evolving nature of COVID‐19 necessitates continued research efforts to clarify clinical implications and optimize management strategies in this complex landscape of thrombosis and immunology. The review reveals some limitations, such as variability in study designs and demographics and inherent differences in methodologies among included studies. Future studies should address these limitations with standardized methodologies for more conclusive findings.
Baihe Dihuang Tang as a therapeutic candidate for insomnia: Targeting gut dysbiosis and neuroendocrine dysfunction
Authors: Chu Liuxi , Lu Qin , Chen Pingping , Feng Zunyong , Wu Ping , Shen Jiamen , Jiang Yi , Yang Yang , Tan Xiran , Wang Xiaomeng , Deng Guoxing , Wang Xi , Li Xiaokun , Wang Zhouguang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBaihe Dihuang Tang (BDT), is a traditional Chinese medicinal formulation historically utilized to manage various health conditions, including insomnia. This therapeutic use of BDT for treating insomnia is rooted in its potential to regulate the gut microbiota, neuroendocrine, and serotonin systems, which may collectively contribute to its effectiveness. This study aims to explore the anti‐insomnia effects of BDT, and focus on its underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the potential interplay with gut microbiota, neuroendocrine, and serotonin pathways. An insomnia mouse model was induced using p‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Subjects received varying doses of BDT or a saline solution as a control. Behavioral assessment was conducted via the open field test and elevated plus maze test. Hypothalamic monoamine neurotransmitter levels were quantified using ELISA kits. Neurosteroid levels in brain and serum samples were determined through high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Gut microbiota composition was evaluated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PCPA‐induced insomnia led to significant alterations in neurosteroids, monoamine neurotransmitters, and gut microbiota composition. BDT treatment markedly improved behavioral parameters in insomniac mice, evidenced by enhanced motility and reduced sleep latency compared to controls. BDT administration restored neurosteroid and monoamine neurotransmitter dose‐dependently, suggesting potential for neuroendocrine system homeostasis restoration. BDT‐treated mice exhibited significant gut microbiota composition changes, including reduced Acidobacteria, increased Fusobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level, and decreased Alistipes at the genus level, compared to the insomnia model group. BDT effectively rectifies gut dysbiosis and mitigates neuroendocrine and serotonin system dysfunctions induced by insomnia, emerging as a promising therapeutic candidate for insomnia management.
“This is Why We All Show Up”: How Supporting Youth Cultivates Hope, Purpose, and Well‐Being of Adult Mentors
Authors: Lee Helen , Salcedo Janelle , Chen Katharine , Anderson Amy J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the development of adult mentors participating in a summer youth program, focusing on how mentoring relationships and shared activities with youth impact mentors' personal and professional growth. The analysis integrates focus group data and participant observations collected over the course of the weeklong program to identify key themes. Findings reveal that affirming mentor‐youth connections within the program's youth‐initiated, collaborative mentoring model enhanced mentors' sense of hope, purpose, and well‐being. However, role ambiguity, particularly around how to collaborate with other adults to support youth, generated challenges for mentors. These insights contribute to the understanding of adult mentor development and adjustment and provide practical recommendations for designing youth programs that foster growth for both mentors and mentees.