bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Photon is our business” : introduction of research and development at Hamamatsu Photonics
Authors: Toyoda Haruyoshi 
Published: February 2024

In this presentation, I will introduce R&D at Hamamatsu Photonics. Hamamatsu, it’s the city name, is almost located in the center of Tokyo and Osaka, and has long been a "manufacturing town" represented by the "Yaramaika spirit (Let’s do it !)”. Many companies such as Yamaha and Kawai for musical instruments, Honda, Suzuki and Yamaha for motorcycles, and many others were founded here in Hamamatsu. The origin of Hamamatsu Photonics can be traced back to the vacuum tube technology of Prof. Kenjiro Takayanagi, who invented "the world's first electronic television" at Hamamatsu Technical College (currently Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University) in 1926.
Hamamatsu Photonics was established in Hamamatsu City in 1953 as an "optical device manufacturer" by Heihachiro Horiuchi (1st president) who had graduated from the Takayanagi Laboratory, and Teruo Hiruma (2nd president). Here, we will introduce the history of Hamamatsu Photonics' contributions to advanced scientific research, including the development of 20-inch photomultiplier tubes for neutrino detection and Si detectors for Higgs boson detection. We also introduce spatial light modulator technology that are being put to practical use in super-resolution microscopy and laser processing. We think our mission is to benefit society through the development of technologies that capture, measure, and generate various types of light.
Comparison of ROX, HROX, and delta-HR indices to predict successful weaning from high-flow oxygen therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Ruchiwit Pitchayapa , Madua Jaturong , Saiphoklang Narongkorn 
Published: February 2024

Background
High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy is commonly used to treat acute respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, predictors of successful weaning from HFNC in these patients has not been investigated.

Objective
To assess predictors of successful separation from HFNC in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a university hospital in Thailand. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring HFNC therapy between April 2020 and June 2022 were included. ROX index was defined as the ratio of oxygen saturation (SpO2) / fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) to respiratory rate. Heart-ROX (HROX) index was defined as ROX multiplied by heart rate (HR) improvement. HR improvement (delta-HR) was defined as a percentage of the difference between the baseline HR and the morning HR at HFNC weaning day 1 divided by the baseline HR. Weaning success was defined as ability to sustain spontaneous breathing after separation from HFNC without any invasive or non-invasive ventilatory support for ≥48 hours or death.

Results
A total of 164 patients (54% male) were included. Mean age was 61.1±16.1 years. Baseline SpO2/FiO2 was 265.3±110.8. HFNC weaning success was 77.4%. The best cut-off value of ROX index to predict HFNC weaning success was 7.88 with 100% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.937–1.000, p<0.001). The best cut-off value of delta-HR 3.7 with 88.2% sensitivity, 75.7% specificity, and AUC of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.748–0.919, p<0.001). The best cut-off value of HROX index was 59.2 with 88.2% sensitivity, 81.1% specificity, and AUC of 0.89, (95% CI: 0.835–0.953, p<0.001).

Conclusions
The ROX index has the highest accuracy for predicting successful weaning off HFNC treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. While HROX and delta-HR indices can serve as alternative tools, it is recommended to verify these indices and determine the optimal cut-off value for determining separation from HFNC therapy through a large prospective cohort study.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.in.th number: TCTR20221108004.
Nutritional status and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis in Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, a five -year retrospective study
Authors: Simieneh Asnake , Gashaneh Surafel , Dereje Rahel 
Published: February 2024

Background
Public health problems related to tuberculosis (TB) remain substantial globally, particularly in resource-limited countries. Determining TB treatment outcomes and identifying contributing factors are the basic components of the TB control strategy. In Ethiopia, different studies have been done on treatment outcomes and multiple associated factors, and there is also a little information on the effect of nutritional status on TB treatment outcomes. So there is a need for comprehensive research that examines the combined effects of multiple factors along with nutritional status.

Methods
A five-year institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia. This study included all tuberculosis patients who were documented in the TB registration and had known treatment outcomes at the treatment facility between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Data was collected through a pretested structured data extraction checklist. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Multiple logistic regression was employed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result
Of the total 625 TB patients, 283 (45.3%), 175 (28%), and 167 (26.7%) had smear-positive, extra-pulmonary, and smear-negative tuberculosis, respectively. The majority of study participants had normal weight (62.2%), were in the age group of 15–44 (67.4%), were new cases (73.8%), and were from urban areas (69.4%). About 32.2% of cases were HIV-positive. The overall unsuccessful treatment rate was 25%. From the total unsuccessful treatment rates, the highest proportion was a death rate of 90 (14.4%), followed by a treatment failure of 56 (9%). Being female (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5), HIV positive (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.9–4.1), undernutrition (BMI<18.5kg/m2) (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.9), and smear-negative pulmonary TB (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1–2.5) were independent predictors of unsuccessful treatment outcomes.

Conclusion
The treatment success rate in the study area is very poor. Poor treatment outcomes were associated with undernutrition, female gender, HIV positivity and smear-negative pulmonary TB. So, continuous and serious supervision and monitoring of directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) program accomplishment, early detection of HIV and TB, prompt anti TB and antiretroviral treatment initiation and adherence, enhanced nutritional assessment, and counseling services need to be strengthened to improve treatment outcomes.
The role of race and insurance in trauma patients’ mortality: A cross-sectional analysis based on a nationwide sample
Authors: Acosta José A. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundPersistent disparities in trauma in-hospital mortality owing to insurance status and race remain a prominent issue within healthcare. This study explores the relationships among insurance status, race, length of stay (LOS) in-hospital mortality outcomes in trauma patients at extreme risk of mortality (EROM) trauma patients.MethodsData was retrieved from the National Inpatient Sample, focusing on high-acuity trauma patients from 2007 to 2020, aged 18–64 years. Patients were identified using specific All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups codes. Emphasis was placed on those with EROM owing to their resource-intensive nature and the potential influence of insurance on outcomes. Patients aged 65 years or older were excluded owing to distinct trauma patterns, as were those diagnosed with burns or non-trauma conditions.ResultsThe study encompassed 70,381 trauma inpatients with EROM, representing a national estimate of 346,659. Being insured was associated with a 34% decrease in the odds of in-hospital mortality compared to being uninsured. The in-hospital mortality risk associated with insurance status varied over time, with insurance having no impact on in-hospital mortality during hospitalizations of less than 2 days (short LOS). In the overall group, Black patients showed an 8% lower risk of in-hospital mortality compared to White patients, while they experienced a 33% higher risk of in-hospital mortality during short LOS.ConclusionInsured trauma inpatients demonstrated a significant reduction in the odds of in-hospital mortality compared to their uninsured counterparts, although this advantage was not present in the short LOS group. Black patients experienced lower in-hospital mortality rates compared to White patients, but this trend reversed in the short LOS group. These findings underscore the intricate relationships between insurance status, race, and duration of hospitalization, highlighting the need for interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Map of brazilian tourism – Analysis of the criteria to include the municipality of Casserengue-PB
Authors: Cardoso da Silva Gutemberg , Coelho Mendes Francisco 
Published: February 2024

Tourism in Paraíba represents a potentiality, portrayed in natural attractions, strong cultural identity, relevant material and intangible heritage, as well as a hospitable and supportive people. But this tourism needs to be disseminated and promoted with emphasis on the appreciation and creativity of regional and local tourism. Given this context, it is proposed as a general objective to present a proposal for integrated tourism planning, participatory management and encourage the insertion of the municipality of Casserengue in the Brazilian Tourism Map. Data collection was bibliographic and through field research, from May to November 2020, with updates from January to April 2022. As a result, it was found that the insertion of the municipality in the Brazilian Tourism Map enables integrated planning and participatory management, as well as the development of an action plan for municipal management for the benefit of society. Therefore, the tourism planning proposed for Casserengue suggests a restructuring of infrastructure, public policies, as well as the valorization of local labor to offer quality tourism services or products and provide the economic and social development of the municipality.
Clinical Outcomes Before and After Prucalopride Treatment: An Observational Study in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Constipation in the United States
Authors: Lembo Anthony , Cash Brooks D. , Lu Mei , Terasawa Emi , Terreri Brian , Du Shawn , Ayyagari Rajeev , Feuerstadt Paul , Moshiree Baharak , Westermeyer Ben , Pi Selina , Boules Mena 
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:
This real-world US-based claims study compared constipation-related symptoms and complications 6 months before and after prucalopride initiation in adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

METHODS:
This observational, retrospective cohort analysis used the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database and the Medicare Supplemental Database (January 2015–June 2020). Prucalopride-treated patients (≥18 years old) who had ≥1 constipation-related International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis code during the baseline or study period were included. The proportions of patients with constipation-related symptoms (abdominal pain, abdominal distension [gaseous], incomplete defecation, and nausea) and constipation-related complications (anal fissure and fistula, intestinal obstruction, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, perianal venous thrombosis, perianal/perirectal abscess, and rectal bleeding) were examined. Constipation-related symptoms and complications were identified using ICD-10-CM, ICD-10-Procedure Coding System, or Current Procedural Terminology codes. Data were stratified by age (overall, 18–64 years, and ≥65 years).

RESULTS:
This study included 690 patients: The mean (SD) patient age was 48.0 (14.7) years, and 87.5% were women. The proportions of patients overall with constipation-related symptoms decreased 6 months after prucalopride initiation (abdominal pain [50.4% vs 33.3%, P < 0.001]; abdominal distension [gaseous] [23.9% vs 13.3%, P < 0.001]; and nausea [22.6% vs 17.7%, P < 0.01]; no improvements observed for incomplete defecation). Similarly, the proportions of patients overall with constipation-related complications decreased 6 months after prucalopride initiation (intestinal obstruction [4.9% vs 2.0%, P < 0.001]; hemorrhoids [10.7% vs 7.0%, P < 0.05]; and rectal bleeding [4.1% vs 1.7%, P < 0.05]).

DISCUSSION:
This study suggests that prucalopride may be associated with improved constipation-related symptoms and complications 6 months after treatment initiation.
Moveable Type XV 2023-24 "MOVEMENT" Full Issue
Authors: Moveable Type Editors at 
Published: February 2024

First published in 2024 by
Moveable Type Journal
Department of English Language and Literature
University College London
Gower Street

Available to download free: https://student-journals.ucl.ac.uk/MT/

ISSN 1755-4527 (online)
Text © Contributors, 2024
Images © Copyright holders named in captions, 2024

Cover image: Florian Klauer for Unsplash
Identification of magnetic mineralogy and paleo-flow direction of the Miocene-quaternary volcanic products in the north of Lake Van, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Kayın Sercan , İşseven Turgay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the major challenges facing geochemistry, petrology, and volcanology researchers is the difficulty in determining the origin and paleo-flow directions of igneous and volcanic rocks. It is not possible to clearly determine origins and paleo-flow directions in areas with numerous volcanic centers. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a valuable method that provides insights into the origins and paleo-flow directions of lavas that are complex to study. The presence of volcanic materials with thicknesses up to 1 km, coming from different sources at varied time intervals in the north of Lake Van, makes this area an ideal setting for implementing AMS in establishing paleo-flow directions. This study presents the magnetic mineralogy and AMS analysis of volcanic rocks from the Miocene to the Quaternary in the Lake Van region. We conducted isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and high-temperature susceptibility (HTS) studies to determine the magnetic mineralogy. IRM studies revealed that (titano)magnetite is responsible for the magnetization in most samples, while both (titano)magnetite and hematite are responsible for the rest. Alteration degrees and Curie temperatures of the rock samples were also determined through HTS measurements. There is good agreement between the anticipated directions of lava flow and our findings for nearly all volcanic rocks.
“I usually just rely on my intuition and go from there.” pedagogical rules and metalinguistic awareness of pre-service EFL teachers
Authors: Rankin Tom , Wagner Thomas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The present study explores Austrian pre-service EFL teachers’ language awareness. The negative polarity properties of ‘any’ are investigated. These are informative since some of the grammatical constraints are taught in EFL instruction while others are not. The research question addresses whether pre-service teachers’ knowledge is constrained by pedagogical rules. 66 pre-service EFL teachers rated eight sentence types illustrating varying grammatical constraints on the occurrence of ‘any’ by means of paced acceptability judgement. Then knowledge of metalinguistic was assessed through untimed sentence pair assessment, open rule verbalisation, and recall of rule teaching. Results suggest that ability to distinguish grammaticality as indexed by judgements was generally high but most robust for taught properties. Metalinguistic knowledge was similarly restricted mainly to the taught pedagogical rules. Based on these results, ramifications for the role of language knowledge in EFL teacher training and avenues for further research are discussed.
The distribution of robotic surgery in general and visceral surgery departments in Switzerland – a nationwide inquiry
Authors: Stalder Andreas , Mazzola Federico , Adamina Michel , Fahrner René 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Since its introduction as a clinical technique, robotic surgery has been extended to different fields of surgery. However, the indications as well as the number of robotic procedures varied in different institutions. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the current use of robotic surgery in general and digestive surgery in Switzerland.

Methods
All Swiss surgical departments that are recognized training institutes for postgraduate training in surgery by the Swiss Institute of Medical Education (SIWF) were queried with a detailed questionnaire regarding the use of robotic surgery techniques and were analyzed regarding hospital size and type of hospital.

Results
Ninety-three departments were queried, and 67 % (n=63) answered the survey. Fifty-eight were public, and five were private institutions. Seventeen (26 %) of the queried departments used robotic surgery in digestive surgery. Four out of 17 (23 %) of the departments that performed robotic surgery were private hospitals, while 13 (77 %) were public institutions. In the majority of departments, robotic surgery of the rectum (n=12; 70.6 %) and colon (n=11; 64.7 %) was performed, followed by hernia procedures (n=8; 47.1 %) and fundoplication (n=7; 41.2 %). Less frequently, pancreatic resections (n=5; 29.4 %), cholecystectomy (n=4; 23.5 %), adrenalectomy (n=4; 23.5 %), gastric bypass (n=3; 17.7 %), gastric sleeve (n=3; 17.7 %), hepatic procedures (n=2; 11.7 %), or small bowel resections (n=1; 5.9 %) were performed as robotic procedures. More than 25 procedures per year per department were performed for hernia surgery (n=5 departments), gastric bypass (n=2 departments), cholecystectomy, fundoplication, and colon surgery (each n=1 department).

Conclusions
The number and range of robotic procedures performed in Switzerland varied widely. Higher accreditation for general surgery or subspecialization of visceral surgery of the department was positively associated with the use of robotic techniques, reflecting an unequal availability of robotic surgery.
Handle with care! teachers in Egyptian cringe comedies: a multimodal analysis
Authors: Youssef Amany Y. A. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For almost a century, several Egyptian comedies have set up cringe-worthy power-sensitive encounters between struggling low-paid teachers and spoiled rich and powerful students, often leading to negative portrayals of teachers and student-teacher relationship. One play, Madraset el-Moshaghbeen ‘School of the Rowdies’ (1971), has long been held accountable for student misconduct across the country. A 2008 film with a loosely similar theme, RamaDan Mabrouk Abul-Alamein Hamouda, has received a much warmer welcome as a harmless light comedy. This paper brings these two comedies into focus and probes into the management of cringe in filmic text based on the Benign-Violation Theory of humor as well as Baldry and Thibault’s (2006. Multimodal transcription and text analysis: A multimedia toolkit and coursebook with associated on-line course. Equinox) Multimodal Transcription Model. Optimizing for the four dimensions of psychological distance (temporal, social, spatial, and hypothetical) would help control the benignity of embarrassing violations and free the audience to enjoy the humor. Alternatively, minimizing psychological distance would evoke audience empathy with the violated teacher character and may block audience amusement. Audience reactions through the comment field on strategic clips from the film and play on YouTube would reveal whether a cringe-inducing scene has evoked amusement, vicarious embarrassment, or both. The paper proposes an inventory of the features that would contribute to adjusting psychological distance to achieve the desired effect. These features intersect with the four dimensions of psychological distance, narrative and stylistic choices, as well as the multimodal affordances of filmic and embodied expressions.
Stability analysis of the corruption dynamics under fractional-order interventions
Authors: Anjam Yasir Nadeem , Aslam Muhammad Imran , Cheema Salman Arif , Munawar Sufian , Saleem Najma , Rahman Mati ur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a nonlinear deterministic mathematical model that encapsulates the dynamics of the prevailing degree of corruption in a population. The objectives are attained by exploring the dynamics of the corruption model under fractional-order derivative in the Caputo sense. The outcomes of the research are facilitated by stratifying the population into five compartments: susceptible class, exposed class, corrupted class, recovered class, and honest class. The developed model is validated by proving pivotal delicacies such as positivity, invariant region, basic reproduction number, and stability analysis. The Ulam–Hyers stability technique is used to prove the stable solution. The Adam–Bashforth numerical scheme is employed to estimate the numerical solution. Moreover, the research environment is further enriched by studying each compartment with respect to a wide range of relevant parametric settings. The realizations of this study indicate that susceptible individuals remain subject to being influenced by corrupt individuals. In addition, it is observed that the population of exposed individuals, recovered individuals, and honest individuals asymptotically approach toward the corruption equilibrium point, whereas the magnitudes of susceptible individuals and corrupted individuals decrease asymptotically to the corruption equilibrium state. The compartment dynamics are witnessed to be sensitive for various fractional-orders indicating the utility of the fractional approach. The findings of this study support the fundamental understanding of conceptualizing corruption in accordance with the viral transmission of infectious disease.
Unraveling the influence of biomaterial’s functional groups in Cd biosorption: a density functional theory calculation
Authors: Oyegoke Toyese , Igwebuike Chidiebere Millicent , Oyegoke Ademola 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Several biomass wastes, including forest wastes, bagasse, algae, and others, have been studied to determine their biosorption capability for adsorbing different ranges of heavy metals in the literature. Most experimental studies have not clearly shown the impact of functional groups in biomaterials discovered by FTIR analysis on the investigated biosorption processes. Because of this, the findings of this study indicate that it is necessary to theoretically investigate the influence of identified functional groups (as determined by FTIR analysis) on the biosorption activities of the sorbent or biomaterial prepared for the removal of cadmium metal from an effluent. Using the most geometrical structure for cadmium (Cd) metal, a series of identified functional groups for the sorbent were analyzed using FTIR to determine their mode and intensity of interaction to computationally understand better how they each influence the biosorption of cadmium. This was done to determine how each functional group contributes to the intensity of the cadmium biosorption, using a ground-state B3LYP density functional theory calculation performed in a Spartan 20 simulation package utilizing the 6-31G* and LANL2DZ > Kr basis sets. According to the study’s findings, carboxylate (–COO*) had the most significant effect on cadmium biosorption activity of all the functional groups studied due to the stronger binding strength obtained for it. Therefore, this research suggests exploring biomaterials with greater intensity for carboxylate function, which would aid cadmium sorption efficiency in an effluent treatment process.