bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medâris-i İlmiye Nizamnâmesi Sonrasında Osmanlı Taşrasında Medrese Kurma Teşebbüsleri (1910-1914)
Authors: ŞAHİNTÜRK Hasan 
Published: January 2024

Öz
Bu makalenin konusu, 1910 Medâris-i İlmiye Nizamnâmesi’nden 1914 Islah-ı Medâris Nizamâmesi’ne kadar geçer dört yıllık süreçte, Osmanlı taşrasındaki asr-ı hazıraya uygun, fünûn-i cedide derslerini programında barındırır bir şekilde kurulması amaçlanan medreselerdir. 26 Şubat 1910 tarihinden itibaren Medâris-i İlmiye Nizamnâmesinin yayımlanmasıyla beraber artık medreselerde fünûn-i cedide dersleri okutulmaya başlanmıştır. Fakat bu uygulama büyük oranda İstanbul ile sınırlı kalmış, fünûn-i cedide dersleri taşradaki medreselerde birkaç örnek uygulama dışında yaygınlık kazanamamıştır. Bu sebeple bazı vilayetlerde zamanın koşullarına uygun, mevcut medreselerin dışında yeni bir medrese kurma girişimleri söz konusu olmuştur. Bu girişimler, nizamnâmenin bir gereği olarak ortaya çıkmamıştır. Fakat nizamnâmenin fünûn-i cedidenin medreselerde okutulmasına olanak sağlaması dolayısıyla oluşturmuş olduğu ortam bu girişimlere bir zemin hazırlamıştır. Priştine, Van ve Bağdat’ta örneklerine rastlayabildiğimiz bu projeler savaşlar ve mâlî kaynak yoksunluğu sebebiyle hayata geçirilememiştir. Fakat ders programları, fiziki-mimari özellikleri, amaçları ve kendi bölgeleri için taşıdıkları misyon bakımından incelenmeye değerdir. Zira bu medreseler mevcut medreselerin yanında alternatif yeni bir medrese anlayışı sunmaktadır. Ayrıca mevcut medreselerden fiziki-mimari özellikleri bakımından daha farklı ve büyük düşünülen bu medreseler, Darü’l-Fünûn benzeri olarak tahayyül edilmiştir. Bu medreselerin talebe sayısı da mevcut medreselerden çoktur. Bunun yanında bu medreseler, kurulması planlanan vilayet ve civarı için taşıdığı misyon bakımından da dikkat çekicidir. Zira Priştine, Van ve Bağdat belirtilen yıllarda Osmanlı Devleti’nin çeşitli sorunlarla mücadele ettiği vilayetlerdir. Bu anlamda medreselerin, hem halkın dini ve dünyevi eğitim seviyesini yükseltmek hem de bölgedeki farklı propagandalara engel olma amaçları bulunmaktadır.
Analysis of the Effect of Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Work Discipline As an Intervening Variable in PT Hutama Binjai Infrastructure Works - Brandan Zone2
Authors: Mirwan Arif Irfani  , M. Isa Indrawan  , Kiki Farida Ferine  
Published: January 2024

This study is intended to test and analyze the direct and indirect impact of the influence of the work environment and work motivation on employee performance with work discipline as an intervening variable at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2. The research approach uses quantitative research methods. The sample in this study amounted to 80 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study are interviews, literature studies, and questionnaires. The analysis technique used is SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) which is operated through the Smart PLS 4 program. The results of direct effect research show that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, the work environment has a positive and significant effect on work discipline, and motivation has a positive and significant effect on work discipline. While the results of the indirect effect test show that the work environment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2. And work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through work discipline at PT Hutama Karya Infrastruktur Binjai - Brandan Zone 2.
Effect of office hysteroscopy on in-vitro fertilization in a fertility centre in Abuja, Nigeria: A prospective study
Authors: Nyoyoko NP  , Wada I  , Mamiso J  
Published: January 2024

Background: Fifteen percent of married couples worldwide experience infertility despite unprotected intercourse and approximately 50% of infertile women has uterine pathologies. The success of in vitro fertilization can be assessed using various measures including pregnancy rate, implantation rate and the most acceptable, live birth rate. Various modalities have been employed to investigate endometrial pathologies responsible for infertility.
Objectives: To determine and compare the incidence, and pathology in infertile women seen on hysteroscopy and TVS, and the effect on IVF success
Methods: This study had 41 participants, 24 had previous Assisted Reproductive Therapy while 17 had not undergone the process. The 41 participants included those that had both TVS and office hysteroscopy. Abnormal findings were recorded and management carried out based on the abnormality detected.
Result: Forty-one infertile women aged 26 to 45 years were included in the study. About fifty-eight percent had history of IVF attempts, while 41.46% had no history of IVF. TVS and hysteroscopic examinations were performed on all the patients. TVS findings indicated 26.83% normal findings and 73.17% abnormal pelvic findings. Hysteroscopic findings showed 90.25% patients had abnormal uterine findings
Conclusion: This study shows that Hysteroscopy is more sensitive and useful in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility than TVS. Diagnostic measures for hysteroscopic detection of uterine lesions revealed a sensitivity of 78.95% (95% CI 62.68- 90.45), 100% specificity and positive predictive value, with a Negative predictive value of 33.33% (95% CI 21.27 – 48.07) and diagnostic accuracy of 80.95% (95% CI 65.88 – 91.40). These are in keeping with other studies.
Knowledge and preventive practices related to Monkey pox among medical doctors in Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Oche OM  , Abdulaziz MD  , Wali A  , Muhammad H  , Yusuf H  
Published: January 2024

Background: For effective control of Monkey pox (Mpox), clinicians need to have adequate knowledge of the disease and adopt appropriate practices to contain it. This study sought to assess the knowledge and practices of medical doctors regarding Monkey pox.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized for the study and using a two stage sampling method, 210 medical doctors working in Sokoto metropolis were recruited into the study. A set of structured, pretested and self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain relevant information from the study participants. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS computer software version 23 with level of statistical significance set at p<0.05
Results: All the respondents were aware of Mpox with more than half (52.3%) having the internet as their commonest source of information. The majority, ((72%) of the clinicians had good knowledge and only years of working experience was significantly associated with knowledge of the disease. Preventive practices were well exhibited by all the respondents with the majority (73%) having appropriate preventive practices.
Conclusion and recommendation: This study has demonstrated good knowledge towards Mpox by clinicians in Sokoto metropolis, with a greater majority exhibiting appropriate preventive practices. Sustained awareness and retraining of health care workers in general is necessary to maintain the tempo of high index of suspicion for outbreaks of Mpox and other potential epidemics and also regular use of personal protective equipment
Sonographic evaluation of the commonest sites of placental localization in pregnant women in Umuahia, Abia State
Authors: Obiozor AA  
Published: January 2024

Background: The Placenta is an organ of pregnancy that provides nutrition, excretory functions and oxygen to the fetus.
Aim: The purpose of the study is to determine and provide information on the commonest sites of placental localization in pregnant women in their second and third trimesters in Umuahia, Abia state because there are few documented reports on the sonographic assessment of placental localization in Umuahia.
Methodology: Prospective study of pregnant women in their second and third trimesters was carried out trans- abdominally using an ultrasound scan machine with a 3.5 MHz transducer. Placental localization was classified into anterior, posterior, fundal and low-lying, Ultrasonography was used because it is non-ionizing, cheap and readily available. Exclusion criteria; pregnant women with a history of Caesarian section, uterine fibroids and multiple gestation.
Results: One hundred women between the ages of 20yrs and 42yrs with a mean age of 28.60±4.95 on their routine antenatal visit were used for the study. The women were in their second and third trimesters, and fetal gender distribution was 55 males and 45 females. Placental localization was classified into Anterior 44%, fundal 20%, posterior 30% and previa 3%.
Conclusion: Anterior placentation was the commonest, followed by posterior, then fundal with placenta previa being the least site of placental localization. There was no statistical significance between placental localization and maternal age, gestational age, fetal weight, gender, fetal presentation and heart rate. Evaluation for placental localization in the second and third trimesters is important to rule out placenta previa.
Assessment of patients’ knowledge, attitude and practice of cross-infection control in the dental clinic during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Okoromu MA  , Omokhua HA  
Published: January 2024

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a highly contagious disease that causes viral respiratory illness, has changed the lifestyle of humans worldwide. Dental practitioners and patients are at high risk of infection during their routine practice due to their exposure to saliva, blood, and droplet production.
Aim: To gain insight into the patient’s viewpoint regarding the practice, altitude, and knowledge of COVID-19 and its transmission and cross-infection in dental clinics.
Methods: This was cross–sectional analytic survey in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic. A self-administered close-ended questionnaire consisting of 32 variables was distributed among the study participants. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05.
Results: The age of the participants varied from 20 - 58 years, with a mean age of 34.6 ±5. The majority (89.3%) felt COVID-19 was a highly contagious disease, while 50.0% of the respondents believed that the most common route of COVID-19 transmission in dentistry is through aerosols. The majority, 78.6%, recorded good knowledge of infection control following the COVID-19 outbreak. The number of married patients who had good knowledge of cross-infection control was 118, which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: From the study, it is evident that the patients possess a good range of knowledge in both preventive and cross-infection protocols to follow during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the same cannot be said about the practice.
Ocular disorders among stroke patients in Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja, Nigeria
Authors: Megbelayin OE  , Ocheni SE  , Mahmoud AO  , Osayande OO  
Published: January 2024

Objectives: To determine the pattern of ocular disorders among stroke patients in Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja (FTHL).
Materials and Methods: Consecutive new stroke patients seen at the Federal Teaching Hospital, Lokoja over a 3-month period were studied. Data was collected with the use of a structured questionnaire divided into four major sections: bio-data, visual history, results of ocular assessment and NEI VFQ-25 quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS for Windows, version 23.0. Univariate analyses were presented in the form of frequencies, percentages, means, ranges, and standard deviations, charts and tables.
Results: Eighty-three patients were recruited with an age range of 40-71 years, a mean age of 55.3(±7.1) years. Thirty-nine patients (47.0%) were between the ages of 51 and 60 years. Thirty-four (41.0%) patients were females while 49(59.0%) were males. Of 46 (55.4%) patients that had neuro-imaging, stroke was ischaemic in 37(80.4%) and haemorrhagic in 9(19.6%). Of the 63 patients with left sided stroke, 2 (2.4%), 4(4.8%) and 57(68.7%) had severe, moderate and mild and normal visual impairment respectively while of the 20 patients with right sided stroke, 3(3.6%) each had severe and moderate visual impairment and 14(16.9%) had normal or mild visual impairment. Other ocular abnormalities included corneal anaesthesia and macular hole in 2(1.2%).
Conclusion: Anterior and posterior segments, together with neuro-ophthalmic disorders were found among stroke patients in this study. Many of the ocular abnormalities are as a result of long-standing uncontrolled hypertension which caused the stroke. It is recommended that awareness should be created among the populace about uncontrolled hypertension. It is also advised that internists should refer hypertensive patients for routine ophthalmic screening.
Awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria
Authors: Otaren NJ  
Published: January 2024

Objective: Malocclusion affects aesthetics, the physical, psychological and social life of a person. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 68 final year (sixty-eight) trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. The research instrument was a self-administered close ended questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value (P<0.05) was regarded as significant.
Results: Sixty-one (89.7%) of the respondents were females, while 7 (10.3%) were males. Fifty-seven (83.8%) have heard of the term malalignment of teeth, 53 (77.9%) of the students think malalignment is due to external habits. 61 (89.7%) are aware that few teeth may have to be removed for proper positioning of irregular teeth and 51 (75.0%) were aware that the irregular teeth can be corrected even after 40 years of age. More females were aware of malocclusion and had positive attitude towards orthodontic procedures when compared to the males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents in this study were aware of the term malalignment and had positive attitude towards orthodontic treatment. More females constituted the study population.
Frequency of Blood Donation and Malaria Occurrence among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Olopade BO  , Ajeigbe AK  , Owojuyigbe TO  , Ajani AA  , Fayomi OD  
Published: January 2024

Context: Malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Transfusion transmitted malaria contributes significantly to the burden of malaria in SSA. The safety of blood transfusion as it relates to frequency of blood donation and malaria occurrence on the part of donors is an aspect that has not been properly investigated hence this study.
Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the frequency of blood donation and occurrence of malaria among blood donors at OAUTHC, Ile-Ife.
Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Ethical approval was obtained. One hundred and thirty-three consenting blood donors aged between 18-50 years were recruited for the study. Two millilitres of blood were collected from each study participant and immediately transported to the laboratory for processing. Giemsa-stained films of the samples were viewed under the oil immersion objective of the microscope. Questionnaires were administered to the study participants to obtain relevant information. Data generated were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 20. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of malaria among the blood donors was 21.1% with the highest rate among commercial donors (33.3%) followed by family donors (12.9%) then voluntary donors (11.9%). Evaluation of the frequency of donation showed that malaria occurred more in recurring donors (77.78%) than first time donors (22.22%).
Conclusion: Malaria is highly prevalent among blood donors and occurs more in recurring blood donors than first time donors.
Pattern of Childhood malignant tumours in Umuahia South East Nigeria
Authors: Ekpemo SC  , Ezomike UO  , Ituen AM  , Isaac C  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Cancers in children should be incorporated as one of the childhood killer diseases in developing countries.
Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic and pathologic characteristics of childhood tumours in Umuahia. South East Nigeria
Methodology: The Operative records, histology request and report forms were studied and the clinico-pathologic information were retrieved and analysed using SPSS version 20.0
Results: A total of 50 cases of malignant diseases of children were clinically diagnosed and histologically confirmed. The mean age of the patients were 8 years with age range of 1 to 17 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The peak age of incidence falls in the 1-5 age groups which accounted for 40%. Wilm’s tumour was the commonest 25, Rhabdomyosarcoma 10 cases, Neuroblastoma 5cases, Oesteosarcoma 5cases, Teratomas 5 cases.
Conclusion: childhood cancer is increasing in our environment. However, late presentation, ignorance, poverty leads to poor outcome.
Giant juvenile fibroadenoma in a 15-year-old Nigerian female: A case report with review of literature
Authors: O.J. Uchendu  , U. Umeaku  , M.O. Ajagha  , E. Ejuvwevwo  
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Breast mases in female adolescents are rare and consist mainly of developmental lesions and benign tumours.1 The benign tumours seen are mostly fibroadenoma which is the most common breast tumour seen in adolescent females.2 It may present as solitary or multicentric tumour.3 It may also vary in size and is designated as giant juvenile fibroadenoma “GJF” if it is greater than 5cm, 500g or replaces at least 80% of the breast tissue.3 GJF accounts for 1-8% of breast lesions in the adolescent population.3,4 Overall, giant fibroadenoma accounts for 0.5-2% of all fibroadenomas.4 We present a case of GJF in a 15-year-old female who was managed in our clinical setting.
Assessment of dry eye using Schirmer test in patients attending a tertiary hospital eye clinic in Nigeria
Authors: Ibanga AA  , Udoh ME  , Etim BA  , Agweye CT  , Nkanga ED  , Echieh CI  
Published: January 2024

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a frequently encountered ocular morbidity seen among adult patients attending ophthalmic clinics in Nigeria. It can be assessed using different methods although there is differing consensus on reliable tests for accurate diagnosis.
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess DED using Schirmer 1 without anaesthesia among adult patients attending the Eye Clinic in a tertiary hospital in Calabar.
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study among adult patients who attended the Eye Clinic of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital who were recruited consecutively from January 1st to March 31st, 2019. All consenting participants had comprehensive eye examination and were assessed for DED using the Schirmer 1 Test. Test values of less than 10mm were diagnostic of aqueous tear deficiency. Initial data categorization yielded frequencies, percentages and proportions. Categorical variables were analysed using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Student’s t-test. Statistical significance was found where p-values were <0.05 at one degree of freedom.
Results: Overall, 73 participants were included in the study 29 males and 44 females with male-female ratio of 1:1.5, and the prevalence of DED was 28.8%. Most participants had normal distance visual acuity in both eyes. There was a statistically insignificant inverse linear relationship between age and Schirmer 1 test. The relationship between gender and Schirmer 1 test values and consequently for dry eye was statistically significant, p 0.04.
Conclusion: This study showed no significant association between DED and age. Female gender was associated with a higher risk of DED but a significant association between DED compared to the male gender. Its assessment in persons with other ocular complains is important. Primary and secondary prevention strategies are recommended.
Anaemia among schoolchildren; A narrative review
Authors: Maseta Elina  Jacob 
Published: January 2024

Anaemia is a significant problem in the developing world, such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with the greatest burden of disease experienced in children. Although extensive research on anaemia has been done among the pre-schoolers, less is documented about schoolchildren. Thus, the current review intends to summarise recent data on the prevalence and risk factors of anaemia among schoolchildren aged 5-18 years across SSA for planning mitigating interventions. A review was conducted on published English articles in Sub-Saharan countries providing estimates on anaemia prevalence and risk factors using databases from PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2010 to April 2021. A total of 41 articles were identified for review. Based on eligibility criteria, 18 articles were included in the current review. The review showed that the prevalence of anaemia among schoolchildren ranged from 11% (Ethiopia) to 83% (Nigeria). Generally, infection (56%), eating less protein and vegetables (33%), age (22%) and sex (16%) of the child were the significant risk factors for anaemia among schoolchildren. The current review established that anaemia is directly associated with infection, less consumption of protein and vegetables, age and sex of the child. Effective public health strategies such as biofortification of food are needed to improve micronutrient intake among older children.