bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein‐1 in Malaysian nasopharyngeal carcinoma: High prevalence of 30‐bp deletion, Xho1 polymorphism and evidence of dual infections
Authors: Tan Eng‐Lai , Peh Suat‐Cheng , Sam Choon‐Kook 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma, a malignancy associated closely with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), is prevalent among Chinese of Southern China origin. Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of EBV in Asia with viral isolates having typical characteristics of the putative viral oncogene, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP‐1), such as the loss of the Xho1 restriction site in Exon 1 and the 30‐bp deletion in Exon 3. The EBV LMP‐1 gene from throat washings of 120 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and 14 healthy individuals were analyzed. Similar analyses were also carried out on 30 and 12 postnasal space biopsies from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy individuals, respectively. The 30‐bp deletion was detected in 20% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma throat washes and in 100% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma postnasal space biopsies. Interestingly, 16% of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies possessed both the deleted and the undeleted variants, suggestive of dual infections. The notion of dual infections in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was further supported by the coexistence of both “F” and “f” (BamH1F region) EBV variants in 11% of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsies. All of the throat washes and biopsies from the healthy controls showed the undeleted variant. The loss of the Xho1 restriction site was found with higher frequency both in throat washes and biopsies from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The discrepancy in the frequency of the 30‐bp deletion between throat washes (20%) and postnasal space biopsies (100%) was an indication that this deletion is specific for viral isolates from primary tumour sites. J. Med. Virol. 69:251–257, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inter‐laboratory comparison of HCV‐RNA assay results: Implications for multi‐centre research
Authors: Pembrey Lucy , Newell Marie‐Louise , Tovo Pier‐Angelo , van Drimmelen Harry , Quinti Isabella , Furlini Giuliano , Galli Silvia , Meliconi Maria Grazia , Burns Sheila , Hallam Nick , Sönnerborg Anders , Cilla Gustavo , Serrano Esther , Laccetti Paolo , Portella Giuseppe , Polywka Susanne , Icardi Giancarlo , Bruzzone Bianca , Balbo Luciano , Alfarano Alda 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo investigate whether it is appropriate to assume comparability of hepatitis virus C (HCV)‐RNA results across laboratories in multi‐centre studies, nine laboratories of the European Paediatric HCV Network participated in an international proficiency study of HCV‐RNA assays. A panel of 12 samples of different dilutions and genotypes was sent to each laboratory and tested with qualitative and/or quantitative HCV‐RNA assays according to local procedures. Commercial assays were used in seven laboratories and in‐house assays in two. All six laboratories in which a commercial qualitative assay was used were proficient, as were four of six runs (in five laboratories) in which a commercial quantitative assay was used. The proficiency of the laboratories where in‐house assays were used could not be assessed according to the VQC definition because of differences in the methods used. Overall, there were several false‐negative results, but only one false‐positive result with a quantitative assay and none with a qualitative assay. The false‐negative results may have implications for the diagnosis of infection, and highlight the need for an antibody test to be performed at 18 months to confirm the absence of infection. The results of qualitative assays were generally consistent across laboratories but it was difficult to evaluate and compare the results of quantitative assays. Multivariate analysis of data collected in multi‐centre studies should therefore allow for centre and/or assay used. J. Med. Virol. 69:195–201, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case report: Kinetics of Epstein‐Barr virus load in a bone marrow transplant patient with no sign of lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Biasolo Maria Angela , Calistri Arianna , Cesaro Simone , Gentile Giuseppe , Mengoli Carlo , Palù Giorgio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe kinetics of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) load was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a severely immunocompromised allogeneic bone marrow recipient child, in conditions not associated with lymphoproliferative disease. The viral doubling time was 46.4 hr. The study permitted monitoring EBV clearance from blood, when the anti‐rejection therapy was interrupted. Likely, this is the first accurate kinetic assessment of EBV load increasing phase in a clinical context marked by the absence of an overt post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease. According to these data γ‐herpesviruses behave like β‐herpesviruses in being capable of rapid growth. J. Med. Virol. 69:220–224, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic antiviral effect of a combination of mouse interferon‐α and interferon‐γ on mouse hepatitis virus
Authors: Fuchizaki Uichiro , Kaneko Shuichi , Nakamoto Yasunari , Sugiyama Yoshihiro , Imagawa Kenichi , Kikuchi Mikio , Kobayashi Kenichi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAlthough interferon (IFN)‐α and IFN‐γ have been reported to exhibit a synergistic antiviral effect through the different signaling pathways in vitro, their therapeutic efficacy is not well defined in vivo. The current study was carried out to investigate the combined antiviral effect in a model of mouse hepatitis virus Type 2 (MHV‐2) infection, in which fulminant hepatitis is developed. MHV‐2 was injected intraperitoneally into 4‐week‐old ICR mice, IFN or the vehicle was administered intramuscularly for 5 days, and the antiviral effect was evaluated based on survival periods, liver histology, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and MHV‐2 virus titers in the liver tissues. The animals in the group treated with a combination of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ survived for longer periods than the groups treated with IFN‐α alone and IFN‐γ alone (IFN‐α 103 (IU/mouse)/‐γ 103 vs. IFN‐α 103, P < 0.005; IFN‐α 103/‐γ 103 vs. IFN‐γ 103, P < 0.001). This is consistent with the lower levels of hepatocellular necrosis and serum ALT and the decreased titers of MHV‐2 virus in the liver tissues (48 hr, P < 0.001; 72 hr, P < 0.001). These findings indicate that a combination of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ exhibits a synergistic antiviral effect on MHV‐2 infection. The biology of MHV‐2 is quite different from that of human hepatitis viruses; however, these results suggest the beneficial combined therapy of IFN‐α and IFN‐γ for the treatment of human viral hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 69:188–194, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome types of adenovirus type 7 isolated in Hiroshima City
Authors: Ikeda Yoshifumi , Yamaoka Koji , Noda Mamoru , Ogino Takeo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐two strains of adenovirus type 7 were isolated in Hiroshima City during the period 1995–1999. About 80% of the viruses were isolated from patients with respiratory illness, and about 70% were isolated from children younger than 6 years old. DNA restriction analysis was performed on 58 of the 132 isolates. Two genome types corresponding to adenovirus 7d and adenovirus 7h were recognized using BamHI. By using an additional 10 restriction endonucleases (BclI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, HpaI, SmaI, PstI, PvuII, and SacI), the 58 isolates were classified finally into five genome types according to Wadell and coworkers' nomenclature system: adenovirus 7d2 (54 isolates), adenovirus 7d3 (one isolate), adenovirus 7d4 (one isolate), adenovirus 7d5 (one isolate), and adenovirus 7h (one isolate), among which adenovirus 7d3, 7d4, and 7d5 were new genome types. Our results indicate that the predominant genome type of adenovirus 7 that circulated in Hiroshima City during the period May 1995–November 1999 was adenovirus 7d2. J. Med. Virol. 69:215–219, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies of Injection‐Moulded Isotactic Poly(propylene) by Synchrotron WAXD/SAXS: Effects of Nucleating Agent on Morphological Distribution
Authors: Zhu Peng‐Wei , Edward Graham 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe morphological distribution of injection‐moulded isotactic poly(propylene) (iPP) plates in the presence of nucleating agents was extensively investigated using synchrotron radiation. The commercial PP compound was injection‐moulded under a variety of different conditions in order to explore the effects of shear flow and temperature on the morphology and morphological distribution. The iPP structures obtained were characterized using the degree of crystallinity, α‐phase orientation index, β‐phase index, long spacing of lamellae, and the thickness of both crystalline and amorphous lamellae. These parameters were plotted as a function of position through the plate depth for the injection‐moulding conditions. Unlike relatively pure iPP, the distributions of crystallinity and α‐phase orientation index in this commercial iPP are independent of position through the plate depth. The “skin‐core” structure that is generally found for injection‐moulded iPP is not present because of the addition of nucleating agents. The β‐phase of iPP has the same distribution through the plate depth as that expected for iPP without nucleating agents. Additionally, the lamellar dimension is found to be independent of position through the plate depth and the fraction of noncrystalline materials residing outside the lamellar stacks can be up to about 30%. The results indicate that the properties of different injection‐moulded iPP grades should be investigated individually.Typical WAXS patterns of the sample S9 at different labeled distances from the surface. The patterns are vertically shifted for clarity.magnified imageTypical WAXS patterns of the sample S9 at different labeled distances from the surface. The patterns are vertically shifted for clarity.
Telomerization of Butyl Methacrylate and 1‐Octadecanethiol by Reactive Extrusion
Authors: Chen Jianding , Chalamet Yvan , Taha Mohamed 
Published: May 2003

AbstractButyl methacrylate and 1‐octadecanethiol telomers were prepared by radical reactive extrusion. The main advantages of the use of this processing technique are that mass reactions can be conducted and continuous production is achieved within a reduced reaction time and a correct temperature control. Preliminary studies concerned the choice of the reactants for the telomerization reaction and the adaptation of the telomerization reaction to the reactive extrusion process. The transfer constant to C18H37SH was measured, and then experimental studies were conducted to verify that the hypothesis and approximations made for kinetic modeling are realistic. Particularly, it was shown that the use of relatively high chain‐transfer agent to monomer concentration ratio had no perceptible effect on the monomer conversion kinetic. These results allowed the choice of reactive extrusion conditions. Telomers were prepared using a laboratory co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of reaction conditions (temperature, 1‐octadecanethiol to monomer concentration ratio) and of processing conditions (throughput, screw rotation speed) on the residence time distributions, molar mass and monomer conversions were examined. This study allowed the continuous synthesis of butyl methacrylate telomers having variable controlled molar masses and complete monomer conversion.
Screw profile used in reactive extrusion telomerization.magnified imageScrew profile used in reactive extrusion telomerization.
Monodisperse Silica‐Polymer Core‐Shell Microspheres via Surface Grafting and Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chen Haitao , Chen Xin , Chen Zhimin , Cui Zhanchen , Yang Bai 
Published: May 2003

AbstractWe describe a flexible method for preparing monodisperse silica‐polystyrene core‐shell microspheres. In this method, silica nanoparticles grafted with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MPS) were employed as seeds in an emulsion polymerization. The thickness of the shells could be changed through varying the amount of the monomer. The monodispersity and diameters of the core‐shell microspheres were found to depend on the size of the grafted silica nanoparticles and the concentration of emulsifier. In addition, we investigated the formation mechanism of the core‐shell microspheres.Schematic outline of the experimental procedure and TEM image of the monodisperse silica/PS core‐shell microspheres; inset: grafted silica nanoparticles (scale bar = 200 nm).magnified imageSchematic outline of the experimental procedure and TEM image of the monodisperse silica/PS core‐shell microspheres; inset: grafted silica nanoparticles (scale bar = 200 nm).
On Blends of Polyamide 6 and a Hyperbranched Aramid
Authors: Monticelli Orietta , Oliva Daniela , Russo Saverio , Clausnitzer Carola , Pötschke Petra , Voit Brigitte 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe hyperbranched (HB) aromatic polyamide synthesised by direct polycondensation of 5‐(4‐aminobenzoylamino)isophthalic acid (ABZAIA) has been solution‐ and melt‐ blended with polyamide 6 (PA6) incorporating different end groups. The concentration of p(ABZAIA) in PA6 has been varied from 5 to 30 wt.‐% in order to evaluate the influence of hyperbranched polymer content on blend properties. Viscosity and glass transition (Tg) data of the solution blends underlined the full miscibility between the components in the explored composition range. The miscibility was not related to any specific type of PA6 end group, thus suggesting a major role for its amide groups in interacting (presumably via hydrogen bonding) with HB functional end groups. Well‐separated powder particles have been obtained by precipitation from diluted solutions both for the neat polymers and for the blends. Also, in the case of blends prepared by melt mixing Tg linearly increased with the HB polymer content, again confirming full miscibility between the blend components. Blend characterisation, solubility tests and melt rheology supported the idea that p(ABZAIA) forms reactive blends with polyamide 6 by melt mixing. As a consequence of these reactions, the hyperbranched aramid strongly modified the rheological behaviour of PA6.Formation of well dispersed spherical and homogeneous particles after precipitation of a PA6 dilute solution.magnified imageFormation of well dispersed spherical and homogeneous particles after precipitation of a PA6 dilute solution.
Chemical Kinetics, Simulation, and Thermodynamics of Glycolytic Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Waste with Catalyst Optimization for Recycling of Value Added Monomeric Products
Authors: Goje A. S. , Mishra S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractReaction of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste powder with ethylene glycol (EG) was carried out in a batch reactor at 1 atm pressure and at various temperatures ranging from 100–220 °C at the intervals of 10 °C. Particle size from 50–512.5 μm, reaction time from 30–150 min, amount of catalyst from 0.001–0.009 mol, and type of catalysts required for glycolysis of PET were optimized. To increase the PET weight (%) loss, various external catalysts were introduced during the reaction at different reaction parameters. Depolymerization of PET was increased with reaction time and temperature. Depolymerization of PET was decreased with increase in the particle size of PET. Reaction rate was found to depend on concentrations of liquid ethylene glycol and ethylene diester groups in the polyester. Analyses of value added monomeric products (DMT and EG) as well as PET were undertaken. Yields of monomers were agreed with PET conversion. A kinetic model was proposed and simulated, and observed consistent with experimental data. Comparisons of effect of various amounts of catalysts and type of catalysts on glycolysis rate were undertaken. Dependence of the rate constant on reaction temperature was correlated by Arrhenius plot, which shows activation energy of 46.2 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant of 99 783 min−1.
Arrhenius plot of the rate constant of glycolysis at 1 atm pressure for 127.5 μm PET particle size (KZA = rate constant using zinc acetate as a catalyst, KMA = rate constant using manganese acetate as a catalyst).magnified imageArrhenius plot of the rate constant of glycolysis at 1 atm pressure for 127.5 μm PET particle size (KZA = rate constant using zinc acetate as a catalyst, KMA = rate constant using manganese acetate as a catalyst).
Analysis of a cylindrical patch antenna fed with coaxial probe using FDTD
Authors: Cao Xiangyu , Luk K. M. , Liang Changhong 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe feed model is very important for microstrip antenna analysis using FDTD. In this paper, the feed model with coaxial probe is accurately and efficiently analysed in terms of the contour path technique, driving out the magnetic field modified equations and accomplishing the FDTD procedure. Finally, the characteristic parameters of a cylindrical patch antenna are predicted. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 406–408, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10932
Calculation of optimized parameters of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using genetic algorithm
Authors: Pattnaik Shyam S. , Khuntia Bonomali , Panda Dhruba C. , Neog Dipak K. , Devi S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractIn this paper, the genetic algorithm (GA) has been applied to calculate the optimized length and width of rectangular microstrip antennas. The inputs to the problem are the desired resonant frequency, dielectric constant, and thickness of the substrate; the outputs are the optimized length and width. The antennas considered are electrically thin. Method of moments (MoM)‐based IE3D software from Zealand Inc., USA, and experimental results are used to validate the GA‐based code. The results are in good agreement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 431–433, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10940
Improved Ritz‐Galerkin method for field distribution of graded‐index optical fibers
Authors: Wang Zi Hua , Zhang Hui , Meunier Jean Pierre 
Published: May 2003

AbstractHaving obtained the eigenvalue and the modal field by using the Ritz–Galerkin method, we quit the cladding‐field expression in the form of a Laguerre–Gaussian function and reconstruct it with a modified Bessel function. The accuracy of the cladding field is thus improved. We also show its application to the calculation of the coupling coefficient. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 433–436, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10941
Study of a printed meander antenna using the FDTD method
Authors: Ali M. , Okoniewski M. , Stuchly S. S. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA printed meander antenna is studied using the FDTD method. The influence of a number of antenna parameters (dielectric constant, substrate thickness, and presence of ground plane) on the input impedance and radiation pattern of the antenna is examined. It is found that a 60% size reduction compared to a half‐wave dipole can be achieved with a substrate dielectric constant of 4. Data presented can be used to design antennas with resonant resistances of 40Ω or higher. A similar study of an antenna on a dielectric slab is also performed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 440–444, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10943
New iterative equations for an E‐plane T‐junction in a parallel‐plate waveguide using Green's function
Authors: Cho Yong H. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractReflection and transmission behaviors of an E‐plane T‐junction in a parallel‐plate waveguide are theoretically investigated. Green's function and the iterative procedure are used to obtain the iterative equations for the Hz field modal coefficients. Numerical computations illustrate the characteristics of reflection and transmission powers in terms of frequency. A dominant‐mode solution is presented and compared with higher‐mode solutions. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 447–449, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10945
Guided and leaky wave characteristics of periodic microstrip structures
Authors: Fu Yun‐Qi , Zhang Guo‐Hua , Yan Dun‐Bao , Yuan Nai‐Chang 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPhotonic bandgap materials have significant applications in the elimination of surface wave on a microstrip antenna. In this paper, several kinds of microstrip structures are analyzed in order to assess their potential for constructing PBG materials. The microstrip structures are periodically loaded with cross dipoles, Jerusalem crosses, or square loops. Periodic Green's functions plus the method of moments (MoM) are introduced to obtain the nonlinear characteristics equation. The real roots are found to show the propagation characteristics of the periodic structure and the existence of bandgap is revealed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 457–458, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10949
Effect of Choto‐san, a Kampo medicine, on impairment of passive avoidance performance in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)
Authors: Mizushima Yutaka , Kan Shin , Yoshida Satoshi , Irie Yoshifumi , Urata Yukitomo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEffect of Choto‐san (TJ–47), a Kampo medicine, on impairment of learning performance was evaluated by means of a step‐through passive avoidance task in SAMP8 mice, a senescence‐prone substrain. Tokishakuyaku‐san (TJ–23), another Kampo medicine, was also employed for comparison. SAMP8 mice at the age of 10–12 months showed a poorer passive avoidance response than SAMR1 mice, a senescence‐resistant substrain, in the memory‐retention test, but not in the memory‐acquisition test. Improved response in the memory‐retention test was observed in SAMP8 mice treated with TJ–47, and almost equal degree of improvement was also observed after treatment with TJ–23. These results suggest that a long‐term administration of Choto‐san could improve to some extent the impairment of memory caused by aging. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assumptions improve project and product quality
Authors: Fieggen Bruce 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThe effect of poor assumptions on project quality is usually negative. Therefore, it is critical to implement 'good assumption management'. A simple method to capture and apply assumptions to the Project Management Planning of any project is described in this article. Good assumption planning gives the project team and senior staff a preview to potential project problems. Good assumption management prevents poor assumptions from damaging your project and product quality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Standard operating procedures for clinical research personnel ‐ Part 16
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy , Ball Graham 
Published: May 2003

AbstractThis is the 16th in a series of articles containing proposals for wording and content of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for clinical research activities conducted by sponsors and Contract Research Organisations (CROs). The procedures include those required by the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many other guidelines and regulations, and ‘best practice’ observed by the authors. The model forms require modification for actual use. In this article, SOPs are presented for internal review of case report forms and data: initial internal CRF review (after retrieval to sponsor/CRO) (SOP 405); data correction after retrieval from study sites (SOP 406); database development, review and lock (SOP 407); and statistical review (SOP 408). SOPs are also presented for management of CROs (SOP 409) and clinical laboratories during studies (SOP 410). (The full text of all 101 SOPs is available from the authors.) Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.