bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small microplastic particles in Lake Superior: A preliminary study coupling Nile red staining, flow cytometry and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Minor Elizabeth C. , Gomes Uttam D. , Schreiner Kathryn M. , Poulton Nicole J. , Hendrickson Erik , Maurer‐Jones Melissa A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMicroplastic particles (< 5 mm) are now found throughout earth's ecosystems, with smaller microplastics often showing greater impacts on organismal health than larger ones. Unfortunately, there are no readily available analytical approaches that can couple microplastics enumeration and polymer determination for smaller microplastics (< 10 μm), and 1–20 μm particles are difficult to quantify with existing techniques. This study presents a method using Nile red (NR) staining and flow cytometry (FCM) to quantify and isolate small microplastic particles for subsequent identification by pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyGCMS). Results using standard plastic particles showed that FCM sorting can provide sufficient material for pyGCMS analyses; the polymer composition remains identifiable after the processing steps. The post‐sorting concentration step yielded recovery of 58%–83% of the original plastic polymer mass. Analysis of a mixed plastic standard solution showed no significant difference in plastic counts obtained by microscopy and FCM, although blank correction reduces the FCM counts to 62% of the microscopy counts. The applicability of NR staining and FCM was demonstrated through analysis of small microplastic particles (5–45 μm) from Lake Superior surface water samples, which showed particle abundances two to three orders of magnitude higher than particles > 100 μm that were counted using FTIR microscopy. PyGCMS analysis of a test lake sample showed the presence of polyethylene in this small size fraction. Careful attention to blanks and longer FCM sorting times (> 2 h) are recommended for successful analysis of natural aquatic samples processed by this approach.
Multiple large shareholders, agency problem, and firm innovation
Authors: Li Chen , Yan Caiyu , Li Juan , Xia Chuanwen , Xiao Yigui , Zheng Ling 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper, in the context of agency problem, examines the impacts of multiple large shareholders on firm innovation. A dataset of non‐financial listed firms in China was established from 2007 to 2019. Innovation is divided into innovative quantity and innovative quality. The results demonstrate that multiple large shareholders can trigger innovative quantity and improve innovative quality. Multiple large shareholders restrict excessive earnings management and optimize pay gap by top manager to support innovation. It also finds that multiple large shareholders have a positive impact on firm's innovation through reducing share pledge and tunneling action of controlling shareholders. Moreover, it is also confirmed that better information environment and legal framework contribute to the positive effect of multiple large shareholders in corporate governance, along with firm innovation superior.
Frequency of Hereditary and GBA1‐Related Parkinsonism in Latin America: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Saffie Awad Paula , Teixeira‐dos‐Santos Daniel , Santos‐Lobato Bruno Lopes , Camargos Sarah , Cornejo‐Olivas Mario , de Mello Rieder Carlos Roberto , Mata Ignacio F. , Chaná‐Cuevas Pedro , Klein Christine , Schumacher Schuh Artur F. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying hereditary parkinsonism is valuable for diagnosis, genetic counseling, patient prioritization in trials, and studying the disease for personalized therapies. However, most studies were conducted in Europeans, and limited data exist on admixed populations like those from Latin America.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the frequency and distribution of genetic parkinsonism in Latin America.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the frequency of parkinsonian syndromes associated with genetic pathogenic variants in Latin America. We defined hereditary parkinsonism as those caused by the genes outlined by the MDS Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders and heterozygous carriers of GBA1 pathogenic variants. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS in August 2022. Researchers reviewed titles and abstracts, and disagreements were resolved by a third researcher. After this screening, five researchers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted information based on the full paper. The frequency for each parkinsonism‐related gene was determined by the presence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants among screened patients. Cochran's Q and I2 tests were used to quantify heterogeneity. Meta‐regression, publication bias tests, and sensitivity analysis regarding study quality were also used for LRRK2‐, PRKN‐, and GBA1‐related papers.ResultsWe included 73 studies involving 3014 screened studies from 16 countries. Among 7668 Latin American patients, pathogenic variants were found in 19 different genes. The frequency of the pathogenic variants in LRRK2 was 1.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52–2.57), PRKN was 1.16% (95% CI: 0.08–3.05), and GBA1 was 4.17% (95% CI: 2.57–6.08). For all meta‐analysis, heterogeneity was high and publication bias tests were negative, except for PRKN, which was contradictory. Information on the number of pathogenic variants in the other genes is further presented in the text.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into hereditary and GBA1‐related parkinsonism in Latin America. Lower GBA1 frequencies compared to European/North American cohorts may result from limited access to gene sequencing. Further research is vital for regional prevalence understanding, enabling personalized care and therapies. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Spectroscopic detection of radiocarbon dioxide based on optical feedback linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Jiao Kang , Gao Jian , Yang Jiaqi , Zhao Gang , Shi Zhe , Wang Xinping , Zhu Di , He Huaiyu , Qing Jing , Yan Xiaojuan , Ma Weiguang , Jia Suotang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSpectroscopic detection of radiocarbon dioxide (14CO2) offers several advantages, including real‐time detection, on‐site measurement capability, and ease of operation. Here, we propose a novel 14CO2 detection technique that utilizes optical feedback linear cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy. The feedback phase is actively compensated by adjusting the light path length. The combination of cavity‐based technique and optical feedback enables the recording of stable and enhanced 14CO2 spectra. Through Allan deviation analysis, a minimal detectable 14CO2 concentration of 3.5 parts‐per‐trillion is achieved. This technique has the potential to contribute to the monitoring of the radiocarbon emissions in the air of nuclear power plants.
Efficient image reconstruction for a small animal PET system with dual‐layer‐offset detector design
Authors: Cheng Li , Lyu Zhenlei , Liu Hui , Wu Jing , Jia Chao , Wu Yuanguang , Ji Yingcai , Jiang Nianming , Ma Tianyu , Liu Yaqiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundA compact PET/SPECT/CT system Inliview‐3000B has been developed to provide multi‐modality information on small animals for biomedical research. Its PET subsystem employed a dual‐layer‐offset detector design for depth‐of‐interaction capability and higher detection efficiency, but the irregular design caused some difficulties in calculating the normalization factors and the sensitivity map. Besides, the relatively larger (2 mm) crystal cross‐section size also posed a challenge to high‐resolution image reconstruction.PurposeWe present an efficient image reconstruction method to achieve high imaging performance for the PET subsystem of Inliview‐3000B.MethodsList mode reconstruction with efficient system modeling was used for the PET imaging. We adopt an on‐the‐fly multi‐ray tracing method with random crystal sampling to model the solid angle, crystal penetration and object attenuation effect, and modify the system response model during each iteration to improve the reconstruction performance and computational efficiency. We estimate crystal efficiency with a novel iterative approach that combines measured cylinder phantom data with simulated line‐of‐response (LOR)‐based factors for normalization correction before reconstruction. Since it is necessary to calculate normalization factors and the sensitivity map, we stack the two crystal layers together and extend the conventional data organization method here to index all useful LORs. Simulations and experiments were performed to demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed method.ResultsSimulation results showed that the iterative algorithm for crystal efficiency estimation could achieve good accuracy. NEMA image quality phantom studies have demonstrated the superiority of random sampling, which is able to achieve good imaging performance with much less computation than traditional uniform sampling. In the spatial resolution evaluation based on the mini‐Derenzo phantom, 1.1 mm hot rods could be identified with the proposed reconstruction method. Reconstruction of double mice and a rat showed good spatial resolution and a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, and organs with higher uptake could be recognized well.ConclusionThe results validated the superiority of introducing randomness into reconstruction, and demonstrated its reliability for high‐performance imaging. The Inliview‐3000B PET subsystem with the proposed image reconstruction can provide rich and detailed information on small animals for preclinical research.
Preparation and sound insulation of honeycomb composite structures filled with glass fiber
Authors: Ge Yinmei , Xue Jieyu , Liu Liping , Yang Yong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHoneycomb composite with excellent mechanical–physical properties had attracted extensive attention. To achieve outstanding sound insulation while maximizing the high‐performance of honeycomb composite, this article reported a honeycomb composite structure filled with glass fiber (HFG) based on a paper‐making process and the corresponding sandwich structure. Pulping parameters, mechanical property, air permeability and sound insulation of HFG were analyzed. The results showed that the hanging index and settling height of glass fiber slurry were inversely proportional to the beating degree, which was beneficial for reducing the coefficient of variation (CV) of HFG with value of 4%–6%. The maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of HFG were 70% and 53%, respectively. In addition, sound transmission loss (STL) of HFG was proportional to cell size, density, filling amount and thickness of the honeycomb. Compared to HFG, sandwich structure consisting of HFG and glass fiber/hot melt fiber panels effectively improved STL, especially at low‐mid frequencies. It was also found that designing holes on the surface of sandwich structure could further improve STL in certain frequency bands. The structure offered a lightweight and high‐performance response for construction, transportation and infrastructure.Highlights
This article designs a new type of honeycomb filled glass fiber via paper‐making process, aiming to improve the comprehensive performance of honeycomb.
By the design of embedded structure, the maximum improvement in tensile strength and bursting strength of honeycomb were 70% and 53%, respectively.
By designing perforated, embedded and laminated structures, sound insulation has been improved, while reducing material quality.
Heat transfer prediction during curing of thick part of unsaturated polyester resin containing nanoparticles of graphene oxide and modified graphene oxide
Authors: Yavari Neda , Bashipour Fatemeh , Poorabdollah Mehdi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, the challenges of using nanoparticles such as graphene oxide (GO) and modified graphene oxide (MGO) in the production of thick parts were investigated. In addition, using various kinetic models, the trend of temperature increases in pure unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), and UPR containing GO and MGO were investigated. The heat transfer equations were solved using programming code in MATLAB software. In the following, the role of the variation in density, convection heat transfer coefficient, and thermal conductivity coefficient on the prediction of temperature at different points of the parts is evaluated. The findings indicated that the choice of the kinetic model can play an effective role in predicting the temperature in the parts. An increased temperature causes a decrease in the structural regularity of the resin network and intensifies phonon scattering to decrease, and will eventually cause a decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient.Highlights
The mathematical modeling was developed on the curing of unsaturated polyester nanocomposite.
The cure kinetic models and thermal properties had important roles in the model accuracy.
The best prediction of temperature changes was provided by Vyazovkin's model.
The results of developed model satisfactorily matched the experimental data.
Postsynthetic amine modification of porous organic polymers for CO2 capture and separation
Authors: Shi Tianhui , Wu Zheng , Wu Zhongqi , Zhang Qian‐Feng , Strømme Maria , Xu Chao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPorous organic polymers (POPs) constitute an important class of sorbents studied in various adsorption and separation processes. Their unique properties, including high surface areas, adjustable pore sizes, and surface chemistries make them ideal candidates for CO2 capture. To achieve a high CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity, particularly at the low partition pressures required for post‐combustion CO2 capture or direct capture of CO2 from the atmosphere, incorporating amines onto the polymer frameworks or within the pores has shown much promise. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent studies on the synthesis and CO2 capture performance of amine‐functionalized POPs. The review also provides a detailed discussion of structure‐performance relationships, focusing on how the loading amount and amine type influence CO2 capture capacity, CO2/N2 selectivity, heat of adsorption, sorption kinetics, and recyclability of POPs. Additionally, the authors offer their perspective on the challenges associated with the practical implementation of amine‐modified POPs for CO2 capture.
Design and Fabrication of Carbon Dots/Semiconductor Photocatalysts with Superior Photocatalytic Activity: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yao , Yan Fanyong , Wang Xiule , Tong Runze 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysts are being recognized as innovative materials for enhancing water quality and environmental optimization. Nevertheless, the limited activity and quick electron–hole pair recombination under visible light have hindered their widespread use in photocatalysis. Nanomaterials based on carbon dots (CDs) show promising applications due to their excellent light absorption ability. Notably, CDs/semiconductor photocatalysts have emerged as advanced photocatalytic materials. This review summarizes strategies to improve the performance of conventional semiconductor photocatalysts by incorporating CDs. These include TiO2, g‐C3N4, Bi‐based, Cu2O, and ZnO photocatalysts. Various effective synthesis routes for composites are discussed, including morphology optimization, heteroatom doping, heterojunction building, and creation of polymeric hybrids. Ultimately, the challenges and future prospects of CDs/semiconductor photocatalysts are discussed.
Binder melt: Composite propellants with RDX**
Authors: Nagendra Kumar , Ramakrishna P. A. , Sangtyani Rekha , Kumar Arvind 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe binder melt on the surface of aluminized composite propellants with RDX has been quantified using experimental and computational approaches. A scanning electron microscope in conjunction with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface of unburnt and extinguished propellant samples. Rapid depressurization technique was used to obtain the extinguished propellants. Five propellants were prepared, keeping the aluminum and binder fraction constant at 4 % and 16 %, respectively. The RDX fraction in the propellants was varied from 3 % to 12 %. It was found that the melt on the surface of the propellant increased from 36.7 % to 43.9 % when the RDX fraction was changed from 3 % to 12 % in the propellant. For propellants containing 3 % to 9 % RDX, a region of plateau burning was observed in the pressure range of 5–7 MPa, while propellants containing 12 % RDX showed plateau burning between 7–10 MPa.
A case report of adult type 2 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Li Ding‐Ding , Hong‐Zhang  , Zhu Hao‐Jin , Zhang Sheng‐Mei , Jiang Shu‐Jun , Zhang Yan‐Liang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder that often occurs in infants and young children, and rarely reported in adults. In this paper, we retrospectively reported an elderly woman with recurrent fever, this patient was diagnosed with familial hemophagocytic syndrome by perfecting relevant examinations after admission, improvement was observed after standard chemotherapy. In order to further determine the possible underlying genetic causes, we performed gene mutation analysis and found that there were compound heterozygous missense mutations c.133G > A (p.Gly45Arg) and c.147C > A (p.Asp49Glu) on the exon2 of PRF1 gene in this patient. According to the clinical manifestations and test results, the patient was further confirmed as late‐onset FHL‐2 type. Without a suitable donor, the patient did not perform hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, the relevant genetic examination should be performed as early as possible in young patients with a family history of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and it can provide a basis for etiological diagnosis and radical treatment by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It is essential to further study the molecular mechanism and clinical application value for late‐onset elderly FHL patients without appropriate donors.
Pooled analysis of three pharmacokinetic studies comparing biosimilar MB02 and reference bevacizumab
Authors: Miguel‐Lillo B. , Sánchez‐Vidaurre Sara , Pérez Díaz L. , Paravisini A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to add robustness and provide further evidence on the bioequivalence, safety and immunogenicity between MB02 and reference bevacizumab. No similar study has been performed before with a biosimilar monoclonal antibody.MethodsPopulation analysis by pooling data from three independent pharmacokinetic (PK) studies was performed. The studies had a single‐dose, double‐blind, three‐arm, parallel‐group design and two studies, MB02‐A‐02‐17 and MB02‐A‐05‐18, compared MB02 to EU‐ and US‐bevacizumab in Caucasian subjects, while study MB02‐A‐04‐18 compared MB02 and EU‐bevacizumab in Japanese participants. Primary endpoints included maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax), area under the serum concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero and extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞) and AUC from time zero to the time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–t). Secondary endpoints included other PK parameters, safety and immunogenicity. A sensitivity analysis using actual protein concentration as a correction factor was applied to primary PK parameters.ResultsPoint estimates and 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios of primary PK parameters for MB02, EU‐ and US‐bevacizumab were all contained within the predefined bioequivalence margins (80%–125%) for all pairwise comparisons. The same results for all pairwise comparisons were observed when protein‐corrected primary PK parameters were analyzed. Safety and immunogenicity were similar between MB02 and the EU‐ and US‐reference bevacizumab in healthy subjects.ConclusionsThis pooled analysis of three comparable PK studies further supports the bioequivalence of biosimilar MB02 to EU‐ and US‐reference bevacizumab. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or immunogenicity were observed.
Distance based molecular characterization and QSPR modeling of properties of triazine based dendrimer
Authors: Xavier D. Antony , Nair A Theertha , Varghese Eddith Sarah , Baby Annmaria 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn the current era of technological advancement, dendrimers have been in high demand as the fundamental component in the field of drug design. For better efficacy, scientists have been working intensely to produce potentially beneficial dendrimer molecules. Mathematical chemistry has a lot to offer with effective tools like molecular descriptors and functions that can forecast compound molecular features. Topological descriptors, being numerical invariants associated with a chemical compound, have the potential to correlate chemical structure with different physical attributes, chemical reactivity, or biological activity. By incorporating these descriptors in QSAR and QSPR modeling, it is possible to predict a variety of physicochemical attributes and bioactivities. Hence, the main objective of the study is to obtain the distance‐based molecular descriptors of triazine‐based dendrimer and subsequently generate linear models for their chemical properties using regression analysis. This linear model can predict the properties of succeeding generations, avoiding the necessity for time‐consuming laboratory experimental trials.
A theory study based on DFT/TD‐DFT for a series of Ir(III) complexes with the low‐efficiency roll‐off and the high‐inter‐system crossover rate properties
Authors: Song Ming‐Xing , Guo Xi‐Lian , Ji Ye , Yang Jia‐Yu , Zhang Yun‐Kai , Pan Zi‐Cong , Wang Mei‐Qi , Qin Zheng‐Kun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study employs density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) to investigate a series of cyclometallated Ir(III) complexes for their application as OLED light‐emitting materials, including (dtp)2Ir(dpm), (mmpyp)2Ir(dpm), (dtp)2Ir(tpip), (mmpyp)2Ir(tpip), (dtp)2Ir(pic), and (mmpyp)2Ir(pic). Their geometries, frontier molecular orbital properties, ionization potential, electron affinity, absorption and emission spectra, and spin‐orbit coupling properties have been analyzed respectively. Through comparison, we have identified complexes with reduced efficiency roll‐off and enhanced kISC.