bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placental transfer of diphenylhydantoin: Effects of species, gestational age, and route of administration
Authors: Stevens Michel W. , Harbison Raymond D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSignificant quantitative differences occurred in the placental transfer of diphenylhydantoin (DPH), which were dependent on gestational age. Administration iv of [14C] DPH to pregnant rats, mice, and hamsters at various stages of gestation resulted in significantly higher concentrations of 14C in fetal tissues during early and during late gestation, around parturition, than in between, during the period of fetal morphogenesis. 14C concentration in fetal and placental tissues also varied greatly among rats, mice, rabbits, and hamsters when compared at similar developmental stages. The highest fetal concentration was found in the mice and the lowest in the rats, with no apparent correlation with maternal plasma levels in these species. Significant extraplacental transfer of 14C to fetal and placental tissues and amniotic fluid occurred in the ligated rat uterus after ip administration of [14C] DPH. Thus placental transfer of DPH varied significantly between species and with gestational age and route of administration.
Neural‐tube defects and herpesvirus type 2 — test of a hypothesis
Authors: McDonald A. D. , Williams M. C. , West R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA latent infection in the genital tract could explain epidemiological features of neural‐tube defects. Two of these features — a strong association with socioeconomic conditions and a low incidence in Jews — are also found in carcinoma of the cervix. It therefore seemed possible that herpesvirus type 2 might be causally related to neural‐tube defects. This hypothesis was tested by estimating neutralizing antibodies to herpesvirus types l and 2 in 125 women who had given birth to a child with a neural‐tube defect (anencephaly, spina bifida, or encephalocele) and 125 women similar in age, socioeconomic Status, and parity, who had had a child without a neural‐tube defect. In the event, it was found that mothers of defective children had a lower prevalence of neutralizing antibody to herpesvirus, especially type 1, than had the mothers of normal children.
Malformations induced in offspring of crowded and parabiotically stressed mice
Authors: Hamburgh Max , Mhndoza Lorenzo A. , Rader Michael , Lang Arnold , Silverstein Harvey , Hoffman Karl 
Published: June 2005

AbstractVarious malformations and anomelies were induced in fetuses of mice parabiotically joined on the 6th, 7th, or 8th day of pregnancy and in fetuses of crowded pregnant mice. Mice were crowded by placing them 18/cage (dimensions 7″ × 7″ × 10″ ) on days 3–4 of pregnancy. The abnormalities included amputation of peripheral limb structures, open neural folds, exencephaly, blisters, head, face, and tail malformation, and generalized growth retardation. The hypothesis that the teratogenic and other effects were consequences of prolonged prenatal stress induced by the experimental conditions is supported by the observation that both procedures led in a short time to significant increases in mean maternal adrenal weight.
Toxicity of methylmercury in neonatal cats
Authors: Khera K. S. , Iverson F. , Hierlihy L. , Tanner R. , Trivett G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractKittens, 4–9 days old, from untreated mothers, received oral daily doses of 0.25–1 mg/kg Hg (as CH3HgCl) for various periods. Those given 0.25 and 0.37 mg/kg exhibited no clinical toxicity. At 0.5 mg/kg one of 3 kittens developed toxicity signs after 77 days of treatment whereas the others appeared healthy after 111 and 184 days of dosing, respectively. Typical neurological signs of methylmercury poisoning appeared in all kittens after a mean of 63 days of 0.75 mg/kg and 48 days of 1 mg/kg treatment. In kittens developing toxicity signs brain Hg content was 19–26 μg/g but blood Hg content varied widely. The blood/brain Hg ratio was dose‐dependent and decreased with increasing dosage. Degenerative changes in granule cells, Purkinje cells, and cerebral neurons and distorted myelmalion in cortical hemispheres characteristic of methylmercury toxicosis were produced by all doses. The T1/2 of Hg in blood following single oral doses of CH3Hg203Cl was 32 ± 3 days in 4‐week‐old and 36 ± 3 days in 10‐week‐old kittens. The findings indicated that a higher daily dosage is required to produce clinical methylmercury poisoning in kittens than in adult cats.
Histogenesis of benign cervical teratomas
Authors: Roediger W. E. , Spitz L. , Schmaman A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo cases of cervical teratoma and two of “complex cyst of the thyroid” are presented with special reference to (i) association with the thyroid gland, (ii) age of presentation, and (iii) differences between hamartomas and teratomas. The authors propose, from clinical and embryological evidence, that anterior neck teratomas arise from the thyroid gland and that failure of organogenesis at an early prenatal stage is involved. These teratomas probably arise from totipotential cells of each of the three germ cell layers found in the thyroid gland.
Human potato consumption and neural‐tube malformation
Authors: Spiers Philip S. , Pietrzyk Jacek J. , Piper Joyce M. , Glebatis Donna M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBy means of introductory correspondence and telephone interviews a survey was made of the current potato consumption habits of 265 mothers of infants born with neural‐tube malformations during January 1970 to December 1972, and of 549 matched control mothers. Both the cases and the controls were obtained from the same single source—birth certificates. Renwick's hypothesis was tested by subjecting the responses to seven questions to a modified χ2 test. The results did not support the hypothesis. In all seven instances the direction of the responses was opposite to that predicted.
Ectopic ureter in dogs: Epidemiologic features
Authors: Hayes Howard M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a study of 54 dogs with ectopic ureter from a large clinic‐hospital population four breeds with high risk for the defect were identified (Siberian Husky, West Highland White Terrier, Fox Terrier, Miniature and Toy Poodle). Some epidemiologic features of this anomaly in dogs were similar to those in man. The breeds with excess risk may serve as models for genetic studies.
Role of uterine contraction in producing hemorrhages in rat fetuses after amniocentesis
Authors: Singh Shamer , Singh Gajendra 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe uterine‐muscle relaxant isoxsuprine hydrochloride was administered to pregnant Wistar rats 30 min before amniotic‐sac puncture on day 15 of gestation. The frequency of hemorrhages in fetuses, especially in the interdigital area of footplates, was examined 1–2 h after puncture. The frequency of hemorrhages (31%) was significantly lower (P <.001) than in fetuses not exposed to the muscle relaxant (59%), probably indicating a positive role of uterine muscular contraction in inducing hemorrhages, which were previously reported to lead to limb malformations.
Reduction in frequency of fetopathic effects of caffeine in mice by pretreatment with propranolol
Authors: Fujii Takaaki , Nishimura Hideo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlthough the embryopathic effects of caffeine have been established in various mammals little is known about the mechanisms involved. Speculating that caffeine teratogenicity may be linked to catecholamine release induced by this compound we attempted a prophylactic type of experiment against caffeine teratogenicity in mice by maternal pretreatment with propranolol, a β‐adrenergic‐blocking agent. Pregnant mice on day 13 of gestation were each given a single iv injection of 2.5, 5. or 10 mg/kg propranolol and five minutes later a single ip injection of 200 mg/kg caffeine. The controls received saline or either of the drugs alone. Fetuses were examined for abnormalities on day 19 of gestation. The fetoputhic effects of caffeine were significantly reduced by pretreatment with propranolol at all dosages; and it was therefore hypothesized that the β‐adrenergic actions of catecholamines caused to be released by caffeine induce fetal circulatory disturbance, which leads to fetal abnormalities.
Teratogenicity of sodium arsenate in rats
Authors: Beaudoin Allan R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPregnant Wistar rats were each injected once ip with various doses of sodium arsenate at one of days 7–12 of gestation (sperm day = day 0). The embryolethal and teratogenic effects of arsenate were dose dependent. The optimum dose, 30 mg/kg, produced optimal effects when injected at day 8, 9, or 10. At autopsy (day 20) the four most frequently seen soft‐tissue malformations were eye defects (anophthalmia and microphthalmia), exencephaly, renal agenesis, and gonadal agenesis. Ribs and vertebrae were the skeletal elements most susceptible to arsenate treatment. The atlas bones were rudimentary or missing in 63% of the experimental fetuses examined for skeletal defects. The results are compared and contrasted with those previously reported following arsenate treatment in hamsters and mice.
Induction of cleft palate in mice by tranquilizers and barbiturates
Authors: Walker Bruce E. , Patterson Anita 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral barbiturates and tranquilizers, individually or in combination, were injected into pregnant mice of the A/J, CD1 and C3H strains in doses sufficient to induce sedation during the expected time of palate closure. Similar treatments were given during periods of fetal development 1 or more days prior to the time for normal palate closure. Among 2074 fetuses from treated pregnant females, 308 had isolated cleft palates. The most susceptible strains were A/J and CD1; the more teratogenic drugs were phenobarbital and hydroxyzine; the most critical treatment periods were at least 1 day prior to the time the palate would normally have closed. Thus, barbiturates and tranquilizers were shown to be significant cleft palate teratogens in mice although their mechanism of action was not investigated.
Teratologic and other embryotoxic effects of β‐aminopropionitrile in rats
Authors: Barrow Mark V. , Steffek A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIncreased resorption rates and decreased fetal weight were produced by intubating pregnant rats with various single (35001–4000 mg/kg) or multiple (2500–3000 mg/kg) doses of β‐aminopropionitrile (BAPN) during days 8–17 of gestation. The most embryotoxic gestational intervals were those that included day 15. Resorption (55% ) and ectocardia and/or gastroschisis (16%) resulted when 2500 mg/kg BAPN was administered on days 14–15, whereas no gross congenital malformations occurred when BAPN was administered before day 14. Higher doses of BAPN, such as 5000 m/kg, resulted mainly in fetal resorptions; 2500 mg/kg or greater on day 16 caused only cleft palate in most fetuses. Severe degrees of kyphoscoliosis, bony curvatures, and exostoses at muscleinsertion sites were observed when BAPN was given after day 16. The pathogenesis of these malformations is compatible with the known biochemical effect of BAPN — inhibition of crosslinking of both collagen and elastin — and in doing so: (a) could decrease the tensile strength of the anterior chest wall or abdominal wall to produce ectocardia and/or gastroschisis; (b) interfere with palate closure; and (c) produce osteolathyritic effects late in gestation which resemble the skeletal effects caused postnatally in young weanling animals given this agent.
Human male sexual maldevelopment: Teratogenetic classification of monogenic forms
Authors: Pinsky Leonard 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe monogenic forms of structural sexual maldevelopment in human males are classified from the teratogenetic point of view. One purpose of this exercise is to highlight the unique features of human male sexual maldevelopment as an area for study by human teratologists. The uniqueness lies in three facts. The “organizer” of both the morphogenetic and functional components of normal male sexual development is known. Testes of sexually maldeveloped males can be studied prospectively and retrospectively because the testis functions prenatally and postnatally. Similarly many of the tissues “organized” by the testis prenatally undergo another round of responses at puberty. These features stand in sharp contrast to the prenatal transience and postnatal elusiveness of the critical events in most other morphogenetic systems. The biochemical knowledge of sexual development is advanced: it can serve as a chemical model for the morphogenesis of other organ systems. It is possible that various monogenic forms of human male sexual maldevelopment resulting from target‐cell unresponsiveness to androgen may be analyzable in cultured skin fibroblasts by the techniques of somatic cell genetics. Morphogenesis of the male reproductive system is susceptible to deflection by mutant genes that also produce nonsexual abnormalities.
Teratogenic and cytogenetic effects of hycanthone in mice and rabbits
Authors: Sieber S. M. , Whang‐Peng J. , Adamson R. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractHycanthone administered daily to pregnant mice at 3 dose levels on days 61–11 of gestation produced embryolethality and a depression of fetal body weights. At 12.5 mg/kg, no teratogenic effects were observed; at 25 mg/kg, fetal malforrnations occurred, and at 50 mg/kg, more than 90% of the conceptuses were killed. When hycanthone was administered to mice as single injections on days 5–9 of gestation embryolethal and teratogenic effects appeared to be limited to days 6 and 7. In rabbits hycanthone treatment on days 7, 8, and 9 of gestation produced embryolethality at a dose of 25 mg/kg and both embryolethality and teratogenicity at 50 mg/kg. Although hycanthone depressed the mitotic Index and induced chromosomal aberrations in microcultures of blood from untreated rabbits no cytogenetic effects of the drug were observed in either adult or fetal mice and rabbits in vivo.
Comparative embryotoxicity of diphenylhydantoin and some of its metabolites in mice
Authors: Harbison Raymond D. , Becker Bernard A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDiphenylhydantoin (DPH)‐induced embryotoxicity in mice and alteration of such action by pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital or SKF 525‐A have been demonstrated. The present work reports the effects of DPH metabolites on prenatal growth and development: diphenylhydantoic acid, 5‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐phenylhydantoin, and α‐aminodiphenyiacetic acid. These metabolites administered to pregnant Swiss Webster mice were less teratogenic than DPH; 87,5 mg/kg DPH induced 85% orofacial anomalies whereas equimolar dosages of the metabolites given on gestation days 11, 12, and 13 did not produce a significant incidence of these anomalies. The metabolites did not affect fetal growth and were generally less fetocidal than DPH. These results suggest that unmetabolized DPH is the active teratogen.
Differential cadmium‐induced embryotoxicity in two inbred mouse strains 1. Analysis of inheritance of the response to cadmium and of the presence of cadmium in fetal and placental tissues
Authors: Wolkowski Rochelle M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNAW‐wa‐2 + /Pr (NAW) mouse embryos and fetuses were relatively resistant to death caused by maternal injection of Cd on days 81–17 of gestation, and C57BL/10ChPr (B10) mouse embryos and fetuses were relatively susceptible, Crosses indicated that sensitivity to Cd‐induced embryotoxicity was inherited by a complex pattern with a possible maternal effect. Studies using maternal injections of 109Cd at 10 days' gestation indicated that Cd crossed the placenta in both the sensitive and resistant strains since 109Cd was detected in embryos and placentas at 1–24 h postinjection. Fractionation of the tissue cytosol preparations by Sephadex gel G‐200 filtration indicated that free Cd was absent from embryos and placentas of both strains. In embryonic cytosol of both strains 109Cd was associated with fractions showing elution characteristics indicative of Cd‐binding protein (metallothionein, MW 10,000). In placental cytosol of both strains 109Cd was predominantly associated with fractions whose characteristics indicated a moiety of approximately 19,000 MW. The two strains differed only in the amount of Cd present in the embryonic cytosol — B10 embryos had more Cd in the binding‐protein fractions than did NAW embryos. To evaluate the placental capacity for transfering Cd throughout gestation females were injected on day 13 and 17 of gestation; l09Cd was detected in embryos, fetuses, and placentas of both strains 4 and 24 h postinjection, In contrast with day‐10 results gel profiles from offspring and placentas were qualitatively similar, i.e., the heavier (dimeric?) Cd‐binding molecule was not present in placental cytosol. B10 embryonic mortality was greater at these later gestational times.
Cardiac malformations and other effects due to insecticides in embryos of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Weis Peddrick , Weis Judith S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractExposure of early Fundulus embryos to concentrations of DDT and malathion up to 10 parts/1O6 had no gross developmental effects, Exposure to 10 parts/106 of carbaryl and parathion, however, caused developmental arrest prior to the initiation of heartbeat. When embryos were removed frorn carbaryl after three days of exposure most recovered and developed normally. Exposure for longer periods of time caused most embryos to develop a circulatory failure in which the heart remained a feebly beating thin tube and circulation was absent. In addition, blood pigment did not form. Other tissues, however, apparently continued developing fairly normally. Such embryos did not hatch. A similar syndrome developed in parathion‐treated embryos after somewhat shorter times of exposure.
Some behavioral effects of maternal hypervitaminosis a in rats
Authors: Vorhees Charles V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGravid Fischet rats were given 100,000, 40,000, 25,000, or 10,000 IU/kg/day vitamin A palmitate (VA) orally on days 8–10 of gestation. The largest dosage produced high prenatal and postnatal mortality rates and marked growth retardation and abnormal gait in the few survivors. The three lower dosages produced no increased mortality, no weight reduction, nor any visible abnormalities in the offspring. The off spring were tested at 70–72 days of age in an open field. Those exposed to 100,000 IU VA showed hypoactivity compared with saline and nontreated controls. At 73–77 days of age the offspring were tested in a Y‐maze avoidance task. All experimental groups showed decreased avoidance and discrimination acquisition, which was most pronounced in the 100,000 IU group.
The effects of moderate hypoxia and moderate hypoxia plus hypercapnea on cardiac development in chick embryos
Authors: Jaffee Oscar C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractModerate hypoxia (5% O2) and moderate hypoxia + hypercapnea (5% O2 + 2% CO2) administered to Hamilton‐Hamburger stage‐17 (60‐h) chick embryos produced significant frequencies of brain, eye, and limb malformations, as observed grossly, and cardiovascular malformations, as found in serial sections. Hypoxia + hypercapnea was more lethal (survival rate, 49%) than hypoxia alone (mean survival rate, 65%) but the frequencies of malformations produced by both procedures were in the same range. When moderate hypoxia + hypercapnea was utilized hemorrhages, heart and blood vessel distention, bradycardia, and the disappearance of blood flow patterns occurred. Such changes were previously found to be produced by moderate hypoxia alone. Since cardiovascular malformations were produced under conditions known to affect hemodynamics, it is postulated that these events are related.
Fetal nerve cell degeneration produced by thalidomide in rabbits
Authors: McBride William C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe dorsal root ganglia of offspring of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits given thalidomide in varying doses were studied histologically. The treated group produced 37 normal offspring, 7 with reduction deformities, and 49 resorptions. The control group produced 22 normal and no deformed offspring. The dorsal root ganglia of the deformed fetuses showed degenerative changes particularly in the cervical and lumbar regions of the cord, exemplined by nuclear karyolysis, and edematous dissociation of the cells with wide inter‐cellular spaces. Neurons with large vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, features of the sensory ganglia of the control animals, were not prominent in the cervical ganglia of the deformed fetuses. Cell counts on the sixth cervical dorsal root ganglia of a group of five severely deformed fetuses showed fewer neurons than a group of control fetuses or a group of apparently normal experimental fetuses. However it was not possible to show from this experiment whether the reduction in the number of sensory neurons was causative of, or consequent to, the reduction deformities of the forelimbs.
Metal‐salt potentiation of salicylate‐induced teratogenesis and behavioral changes in rats
Authors: Kimmel Carole A. , Butcher Richard E. , Vorhees Charles V. , Schumacher Herbert J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe effects of parenteral metal supplements on salicylate teratogenicity were studied in rats. Ferrous gluconate (16 mg/kg), manganous sulfate (10 mg/kg), cuprous sulfate (6 mg/kg), or deionized water were given ip on days 8, 9, and 10 of gestation, Sodium salicylate (250 or 500 mg/kg) or deionized water was administered po on day 9, l h after the metal‐salt treatment. Mn significantly enhanced the teratogenic effects of salicylate, Fe potentiated the salicylate effect but to a lesser extent than Mn, and Cu had little or no effect on salicylate teratogenicity. Mn and Fe significantly increased total salicylate concentration in both embryos and maternal plasma at 6 h after salicylate treatment, with Mn having the greater effect. No interference with plasma‐protem binding of salicylate could be detected. Posrnatal effects of possible salicylatemetal interactions were studied in 40‐day‐old offspring of animals treated with 125 mg/kg aspirin po and 16 mg/kg ferrous gluconate ip on days 8, 9, and 10. Increased exploratory activity and mean body weight were observed in both the aspirin‐Fe and aspirin groups relative to vehicle controls, but maze learning was impaired only in animals exposed to both aspirin and Fe. The potentiation of the pre‐ and postnatal effects of salicylate by parenteral metal‐salt treatment implies a salicylate‐metal interaction in the maternal circulation and suggests chelation as a mechanism of the teratogenic action of salicylate.
Teratogenesis of acetazolamide in the CBA/J and SWV strains of mice. I. Teratology
Authors: Biddle Fred G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSWV mice were totally resistant to the teratogenic and embryolethal actions of acetazolamide. The time of maximal sensitivity to acetazolamide induced ectrodactyly in the CBA/J strain was the middle of day 10; the dose response at this time was studied. Comparison of the responses of the two strains and reciprocal hybrids indicated that sensitivity is a property of the embryo and is not maternally mediated. SWV mice were also resistant to dichlorphenamide which suggests they may be resistant to many or even all teratogenic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.