bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic factors for cryptococcal meningitis in non‐human immunodeficiency virus patients: An observational study using nationwide database
Authors: Namie Hotaka , Takazono Takahiro , Hidaka Yusuke , Morimoto Shimpei , Ito Yuya , Nakada Nana , Ashizawa Nobuyuki , Hirayama Tatsuro , Takeda Kazuaki , Iwanaga Naoki , Tashiro Masato , Hosogaya Naoki , Tanaka Takeshi , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi , Izumikawa Koichi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is an invasive fungal infection with a poor prognosis that often occurs in both healthy individuals and compromised hosts, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unlike CM in HIV patients, evidence regarding CM in non‐HIV patients is limited to small retrospective studies.ObjectiveTo identify the pretreatment prognostic factors for CM in non‐HIV patients.MethodsWe conducted a large retrospective analysis of CM in non‐HIV patients using data from a nationwide Japanese database. The study included hospitalized patients diagnosed with CM between 1 April 2010 and 31 March 2017. All‐cause mortality was compared between patients with CM with and without HIV infection. Poor diagnostic factors were analysed in the non‐HIV CM group.ResultsOverall, 533 (64 HIV and 469 non‐HIV) patients met the criteria. The mortality rate at 90 days was significantly lower in the HIV group (6.3% vs. 25.4% p = .0002). In a logistic regression analysis of the non‐HIV group, age ≥ 65 y (odds ratio [OR] 2.37, 95% CI 1.17–4.78), impaired consciousness (Japan Coma Scale ≥1) (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.29–3.93), haemodialysis (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.12–11.20) and previous corticosteroid usage (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.37–4.19) were associated with poor prognosis at 30 days after diagnosis.ConclusionMore caution is suggested when treating non‐HIV with CM in older patients with impaired consciousness, previous corticosteroid usage and haemodialysis.
Comparing a head‐mounted virtual reality perimeter and the Humphrey Field Analyzer for visual field testing in healthy and glaucoma patients
Authors: Phu Jack , Wang Henrietta , Kalloniatis Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo compare clinical visual field outputs in glaucoma and healthy patients returned by the Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) and virtual reality (Virtual Field, VF) perimetry.MethodsOne eye of 54 glaucoma patients and 41 healthy subjects was prospectively tested (three times each in random order) using the HFA and VF perimeters (24‐2 test grids). We extracted and compared global indices (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation [PSD]), pointwise sensitivity (and calculated ‘equivalent’ sensitivity after accounting for differences in background luminance) and pointwise defects. Bland–Altman (mean difference [Mdiff] and 95% limits of agreement [LoA]) and intraclass correlation analyses were performed.ResultsThe VF test was shorter (by 76 s) and had lower fixation losses (by 0.08) and false‐positive rate (by 0.01) compared to the HFA (all p < 0.0001). Intraclass correlations were 0.86, 0.82 and 0.47 for MD, PSD and pointwise sensitivity between devices, respectively. Test–retest variability was higher for VF (Mdiff 0.3 dB, LoA −7.6 to 8.2 dB) compared to the HFA (Mdiff −0.3 dB, LoA −6.4 to 5.9 dB), indicating greater test–retest variability. When using each device's underlying normative database, the HFA detected, on average, 7 more defects (at the p < 0.05 level) out of the 52 test locations compared to this iteration of VF in the glaucoma cohort.ConclusionsVirtual Field returns global results that are correlated with the HFA, but pointwise sensitivities were more variable. Differences in test–retest variability and defect detection by its current normative database raise questions about the widespread adoption of VF in lieu of the HFA.
The presentation of anxiety and depression among children and youth diagnosed with hidradenitis suppurativa: A review
Authors: Shojaei Delaram , Liu Chaocheng , Lam Joseph 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with painful lesions in friction‐prone areas, impacting patients' physical and mental well‐being. Adults with HS experience higher rates of depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. Children with HS may also face these challenges, but a comprehensive review of their mental health implications is lacking. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed and Ovid Medline databases to investigate the association between HS and anxiety or depression in pediatric populations. A total of 4498 pediatric patients from six studies were included in this study: six examined depression alone, and three also studied anxiety. Two studies found a significant correlation between HS and depression in pediatric patients (p < .001), while two reported statistical significance for anxiety (p < .001). Two studies comparing pediatric and adult populations also reported a higher prevalence and incidence of depression among pediatric populations (p < .05). Another study found no incidences of depression or anxiety in HS or control patients. Despite heterogeneity in control groups, methodologies, and health system databases, the included studies suggest that pediatric patients with HS have a higher likelihood of developing depression compared to healthy pediatric patients and exhibit higher depression rates and lower anxiety rates compared to adults. These findings and the limited availability of data regarding this topic underscore the imperative for increased screening, evaluation, and reporting of psychiatric disorders among pediatric populations. This can help understand the connection between HS and depression or anxiety and ultimately enhance the mental well‐being and quality of life for affected children.
Incidence and clinical risk factors of Bednar's aphthae in Japanese newborns
Authors: Narukama Risako , Takahashi Keigo , Arimitsu Takeshi , Hara‐Isono Kaori , Shimizu Hajime , Ikeda Kazushige 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of Bednar's aphthae remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the incidence of, and factors associated with, Bednar's aphthae in a Japanese newborn cohort.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted on neonates discharged from the well‐baby nursery at Saitama City Hospital, Japan. The principal investigator carefully examined each neonate's oral cavity, up to and including the pharynx, with a light‐emitting diode (LED) headlight to determine the presence of Bednar's aphthae. Maternal and neonatal clinical characteristics were first compared between neonates with and those without Bednar's aphthae by univariate analysis. Variables with significant inter‐group differences upon univariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic‐regression model.ResultsThis study enrolled 1996 infants. We observed Bednar's aphthae in 9.3% of the Japanese newborn infants who were included. When restricted to infants who were born via vaginal delivery, 13.2% of them had aphthae. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified vaginal delivery (odds ratio = 6.19, p < 0.0001) in Model 1, and vaginal delivery (odds ratio = 6.73, p < 0.0001) and birth weight (odds ratio = 0.9995, p = 0.034) in Model 2 as independent risk factors for the disease.ConclusionThis is the first report of the prevalence of Bednar's aphthae among Japanese neonates. Vaginal delivery was identified as the strongest risk factor. Although confounding between mode of delivery and mechanical stimuli associated with sucking was not found in this study, the findings pave the way for a better understanding of the etiology of Bednar's aphthae.
A 2‐week intensive gastrointestinal endoscopy training program for pediatricians
Authors: Nishimoto Satomi , Kudo Takahiro , Horiuchi Akira , Horiuchi Ichitaro , Yabe Kiyoaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan there are limited opportunities for pediatricians to learn gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. This study investigated whether a short‐term intensive training for 2 weeks in an adult GI setting enabled pediatricians to acquire basic technical competence for pediatric GI endoscopic procedures.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series of pediatricians who underwent 2 weeks of intensive endoscopy training at an adult endoscopy unit in a community hospital. The numbers of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and ileocolonoscopy procedures each pediatrician performed were evaluated. All enrolled pediatricians were asked to answer questionnaires regarding the 2 week intensive GI endoscopy training program.ResultsThere were 17 enrolled pediatricians, of whom 13 were men; average age 32 years (range 27–54). The median (range) numbers of EGDs and ileocolonoscopies performed by each pediatrician during the 2‐week training period were 102 (66–144) and 14 (1–48), respectively. Fifteen out of 17 pediatricians experienced more than 100 GI endoscopies during the 2 weeks. All pediatricians performed biopsies as part of some EGD procedures. All 17 pediatricians found this program satisfactory. All pediatricians became cable of performing pediatric EGD (i.e., for children ≤15 years) after this training program. Sixteen pediatricians have continued to perform pediatric GI endoscopy since this training program.ConclusionsA short‐term intensive training program for 2 weeks in an adult GI setting enabled pediatricians to acquire basic technical competence for pediatric endoscopic procedures.
Challenging the status quo in a non‐challenging way: A dominance complementarity view of voice inquiry
Authors: Lam Chak Fu , Romney Alexander C. , Newton Daniel W. , Wu Wen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSpeaking up directly promotes voice endorsement because it enhances communication clarity. Yet, voicers may hesitate to engage in direct voice because it is a dominant communication tactic that may upset, impose on, embarrass, or undermine their leader, potentially resulting in a backlash, greater workload, or a tainted image. These concerns present a puzzle regarding whether alternative communication tactics exist whereby voicers can secure endorsement for improvement‐oriented initiatives without directly challenging their leader. To address this puzzle, we introduce voice inquiry—expressing improvement‐oriented suggestions or concerns in the form of a question—as a submissive communication tactic to secure endorsement. Drawing upon dominance complementarity theory, we argue that voice inquiry prompts endorsement because it enhances leader's sense of power. Given the complementary effect of submissiveness and dominance, we further predict that this effect will be stronger when leader dominance is high. We conducted three Pilot Studies to unpack the content, motivation, prevalence, and submissive nature of voice inquiry. Building on this foundation, we conducted a multi‐wave field study with 373 employees and 178 leaders in a transportation company (Study 1) and a vignette experiment with 243 full‐time workers (Study 2). Across studies, our research demonstrates voice inquiry as a theoretically driven communication tactic that increases endorsement by activating leader sense of power, particularly among dominant leaders.
Draft genome sequence of Colletotrichum fructicola causing leaf spot on tea plants (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Lv Wuyun , Jiang Hong , Li Xiaolong , Lu Qinhua , Wang Xinchao , Wang Yuchun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractColletotrichum fructicola, one of the dominant pathogens isolated from the main tea region in China, causes leaf spot in mature leaves of tea plants, affecting their growth and yield. Here, we present the draft whole‐genome sequence of the C. fructicola strain SX‐6 previously used for morphological and transcriptomic analyses. The assembly consists of 510 contigs with an estimated genome size of 56.8 Mb. A total of 15,243 predicted protein‐coding genes in the SX‐6 genome were annotated using NR, Swiss‐Prot, KEGG, KOG, TCDB, GO, PHI, DFVF, P450, SignalP and CAZy databases. We identified 833 carbohydrate‐active enzymes, 1803 secreted proteins, 79 secondary metabolite gene clusters and 576 fungal virulence factors that may be involved in the pathogenicity of this fungus. Comparative genome analyses with 25 Colletotrichum species revealed their evolutionary relationships via a constructed phylogenetic tree and identified four gene families whose genes were significantly more abundant in strain SX‐6. The resulting assembly will provide a valuable resource for further research on the gene functions of C. fructicola.
Relationship between eating problems and the risk of dementia: A retrospective study
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Matsuoka Teruyuki , Imai Ayu , Narumoto Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults and individuals with decreased cognition often experience appetite changes and weight loss. As weight loss can result in cognitive decline, change in appetite may be an important contributor to the onset of dementia. However, there is a lack of relevant studies on this topic. This study aimed to determine the relationship between appetite changes, weight loss, and dementia onset.MethodsA total of 135 patients with normal cognitive function, subjective cognitive impairment, and mild cognitive impairment who were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory 12 item version (NPI‐12) and followed up for at least 1 month were enrolled in the study. All patients underwent a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Eating problems were assessed using the NPI Eating Problems Score. Appetite and weight loss were assessed at the first visit by caregivers. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses with a log‐rank test were used to compare the time to the onset of dementia between the presence or absence of the NPI eating problems, appetite loss, weight loss, or NPI depression scores. Cox proportional hazards regression models using the forced entry method were employed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for dementia.ResultsWeight loss was significantly related to dementia onset (P = 0.027) in the Kaplan–Meier survival analyses, while eating problems, appetite loss, and depression showed no significant association (P = 0.519, P = 0.326, and P = 0.317, respectively). In the Cox proportional hazards regression models, the MMSE score was found to be a significant factor (P = 0.021, HR = 0.871); moreover, weight loss tended to increase the risk of dementia onset (P = 0.057, HR = 1.694).ConclusionsWeight loss experienced by older adults could contribute to an increased risk of developing dementia.
Asymmetric nexus between pandemic uncertainty and public health spendings: Evidence from quantile estimation
Authors: Teng Chenmei , Zhu Xiaoya , Nazar Raima , Kanwal Tahira 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, prompting governments to allocate substantial resources toward public health spendings (PHS). However, the uncertainties surrounding the pandemic have raised questions about the effectiveness and sustainability of such expenditures. This research analyzes the nonlinear link between pandemic uncertainty (PNU) and PHS in countries with highest PNU (USA, India, France, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Indonesia, Japan, and China). Previous studies have employed panel data methodologies to establish consistent findings regarding the relationship between pandemics and health spendings, regardless of the fact that several countries have not autonomously recognized this connection. In contrast, this current research adopts a distinctive tool called “quantile‐on‐quantile,” which enables the examination of time series dependency within each economy, providing both international and country‐specific perspectives on the relationship between the variables. The estimations indicate that PNU leads to an increase in PHS in the vast majority of economies chosen by us, focusing on definite segments of the data distribution. Moreover, the data demonstrates that there are differences in the asymmetry between the variables across various nations. This underscores the need for policymakers to take careful deliberation when formulating policies related to health spendings and addressing the challenges posed by pandemic uncertainty.
Interleukin‐1β triggers muscle‐derived extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and protects muscles from doxorubicin‐induced atrophy
Authors: Yamada Mami , Okutsu Mitsuharu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDoxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for cancer, causes skeletal muscle atrophy and adversely affects mobility and strength. Given that doxorubicin‐induced muscle atrophy is attributable primarily to oxidative stress, its effects could be mitigated by antioxidant‐focused therapies; however, these protective therapeutic targets remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that doxorubicin triggers severe muscle atrophy via upregulation of oxidative stress (4‐hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde) and atrogenes (atrogin‐1/MAFbx and muscle RING finger‐1) in association with decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein elevated EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, consequently inhibiting doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy. Furthermore, doxorubicin treatment reduced interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) mRNA expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL‐1β treatment increased EcSOD protein expression on the myotube membrane. Notably, transient IL‐1β treatment of cultured myotubes and local administration in mouse skeletal muscle attenuated doxorubicin‐induced muscle atrophy, which was associated with increased EcSOD expression. Collectively, these findings reveal that the regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL‐1β signalling is a potential therapeutic approach to counteract the muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress.
imageKey points
Doxorubicin, a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent for patients with cancer, induces severe muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress; however, protective therapeutic targets are poorly understood.
Doxorubicin induced muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress and atrogenes in association with decreased protein expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle.
Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein increased EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, resulting in inhibition of doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy.
Doxorubicin treatment decreased interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL‐1β treatment in vivo and in vitro increased EcSOD protein expression and attenuated doxorubicin‐induced muscle atrophy.
These findings reveal that regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL‐1β signalling is a possible therapeutic approach for muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress.
Effect of Fuel Reactivity and Operating Conditions on Flame Anchoring in the Premixing Zone of a Swirl Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Tartsch Simon , Flebbe Saskia , Marques de Sousa Ponte Germano J. , Sattelmayer Thomas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Flashback with subsequent flame anchoring (FA) is an inherent risk of lean premixed gas turbine combustors operated with highly reactive fuel. The present study has been performed to characterize flame stabilization in the premixing zone of a lean premixed swirl stabilized burner and to identify critical combustion characteristics. An optically accessible burner was used for experimental investigations under atmospheric pressure and elevated preheat temperatures. The air mass flowrate, global equivalence ratio and preheat temperature were systematically varied to identify critical operating parameters. Hydrogen-natural gas mixtures with hydrogen mass fractions from 15 to 100% were studied to evaluate the impact of fuel reactivity. The air-fuel mixture was ignited with a focused single laser pulse to trigger FA in the premixing zone during steady operation. High speed imaging with OH*-chemiluminescence were applied to observe flame characteristics and evaluate flame anchoring propensity. Flame anchoring limits (FAL) are reported in terms of the minimum global equivalence ratio at which the flame was blown out of the premixing zone within a critical time period. A comparison of characteristic time scales at FAL shows that the main impact during flame anchoring is given by the fuel reactivity and to some ex tent by preheat temperature. A Damköhler criterion is derived from the FAL that allows prediction of FA propensity based on operating conditions and 1-D reacting simulations.
Validation of Rotating Detonation Combustor Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations for Predicting Unsteady Supersonic–Subsonic Flow Field at the Exit
Authors: Raj Piyush , Talukdar Shaon , Langer Dalton , Gupta Apurav , Meadows Joseph , Agrawal Ajay 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rotating detonation combustors (RDCs) have gained increased interest for integration with power-generating gas turbines due to the potential to increase thermal efficiency. The unsteady flow field exiting the RDC is fundamentally different compared to traditional swirl-stabilized combustors. Successful integration of RDC with gas turbines will depend on the ability to properly condition the unsteady flow to achieve performance levels comparable to swirl-stabilized combustors. RDC simulations require significant computational resources due to the small spatial and temporal time scales required to resolve the detonation phenomenon. Furthermore, traditional steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are not possible for RDC simulations. The present study develops and validates a computationally efficient approach for predicting unsteady flow fields exiting the combustor using 2D, transient reacting CFD with periodic boundary conditions in the combustor and a downstream plenum. Validation is performed by comparing the CFD results to various experimental measurements: (i) wave speed obtained from high-speed ion probe and dynamic pressure data, (ii) average wall static pressure measurements, and (iii) time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) at 100 kHz at the RDC exit. Results indicate good agreement between CFD and experiments with respect to velocity field exiting the RDC, detonation wave speed, and static pressure distribution.
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Steam Expansion Rate in Low Pressure Steam Turbine
Authors: Tabata Soichiro , Segawa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Tadashi , Aoyagi Jin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study focused on the expansion rate of steam; the effect on efficiency was investigated experimentally and numerically by varying the expansion rate of steam in the stage, where condensation occurs by varying the flowrate and inlet temperature using a five-stage model steam turbine. The steam expansion rate of the stator blades in each stage was evaluated from the measured wall pressure and total pressure. In addition, the turbine efficiency was evaluated from the measured torque and mass flowrate, and the effect of flowrate and condensing stage can be taken into account for losses caused by condensation. In addition, numerical calculations to account for the effects of nonequilibrium condensation were performed using ANSYS CFX. The numerical calculations were able to show the details of the nucleation situation and the resulting changes in flow patterns. Numerical evaluation of the subcooling loss showed that there was no difference in subcooling loss between different mass flow rates. The steam expansion rate was evaluated from the measurement results, and it was found that there was no difference in the steam expansion rate due to differences in mass flowrate. This corresponds to the numerical result that the subcooling loss does not vary with flowrate.