bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black raspberry–mediated metabolic changes in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis associated with rectal polyp regression
Authors: Huang Yi‐Wen , Chen Hui‐zhi , Niu Ben , Wu Weijie , Gao Haiyan , Yu Jianhua , Wang Li‐Shu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients face an almost certain 100% risk of developing colorectal cancer, necessitating prophylactic colectomy to prevent disease progression. A crucial goal is to hinder this progression. In a recent clinical trial involving 14 FAP patients, half received 60 g of black raspberry (BRB) powder orally and BRB suppositories at bedtime, whereas the other half received only BRB suppositories at bedtime over 9 months. This intervention led to a notable reduction in rectal polyps for 11 patients, although 3 showed no response. In this study, we delved into the metabolic changes induced by BRBs in the same patient cohort. Employing mass spectrometry–based non‐targeted metabolomics, we analyzed pre‐ and post‐BRB urinary and plasma samples from the 11 responders. The results showed significant alterations in 23 urinary and 6 plasma metabolites, influencing various pathways, including polyamine, glutathione metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol metabolism, and benzoate production. BRBs notably elevated levels of several metabolites associated with these pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism through which BRBs facilitate rectal polyp regression in FAP patients by modulating multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, metabolites derived from BRB polyphenols were significantly increased post‐BRB intervention, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of BRBs in FAP management.
Physicochemical compositions, nutritional and functional properties, and color qualities of sorghum–orange‐fleshed sweet potato composite flour
Authors: Jenfa Mary Damilola , Adelusi Oluwasola Abayomi , Aderinoye Aderonke , Coker Oluwafemi Jeremiah , Martins Itohan Ebunoluwa , Obadina Olusegun Adewale 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSorghum and orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) flours were blended to produce composite flours at eight different ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, and 20:80, respectively, whereas 100% sorghumflour was used as control. The physicochemical compositions, nutritional and functional properties, as well as color attributes of the composite flour blends were evaluated. The acquired data were analyzed using ANOVA, and the means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the flour blends. The protein levels in the composite flour decreased as the proportion of OFSP flour increased. However, the levels of vitamins, particularly vitamins A and C contents of the composite flours increased with higher proportions of OFSP, ranging from 0.27 and 1.74 mg/100 g in sample S100 to 2.13 and 2.12 mg/100 g in sample S20O80, respectively. In contrast, an increase in the percentage of OFSP flour resulted in a decrease in the contents of vitamin B‐complex, particularly vitamins B2 and B6. These values decreased slightly from 0.19 and 1.98 mg/100 g in sample S100 to 0.16 and 0.03 mg/100 g in sample S20O80, respectively. Furthermore, as the proportion of OFSP flour increased, there was a reduction in the calcium levels from 17.39 mg/100 g in the 100% sorghum sample to 13.52 mg/100 g in the S20O80 sample. However, no particular trend was observed in, magnesium, iron, and phosphorus levels. Sample S50O50 had the highest percentage of essential and conditional amino acids, except for cysteine, valine, and phenylalanine. The findings also revealed significant variations (p < .05) in the composite flour samples' functional properties and color measurements. Substituting sorghum with OFSP in sorghum‐based food products would significantly increase their vitamin A content.
Dietary factors and hypertension: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Li Fanfan , Yang Wenwen , Sun Shuo , He Wenhui , Xu Shangqing , Han Biao , Ma Minjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis research explores the causal link between dietary habits and hypertension through Mendelian randomization, providing distinct perspectives on the role of diet in addressing this worldwide health issue. Utilizing instrumental variables, we applied advanced statistical methods, including the weighted median, inverse variance weighted, and MR‐Egger, to evaluate the impact of 17 dietary elements on hypertension. These elements ranged across various food groups, such as fruits, meats, vegetables, and beverages, both alcoholic and nonalcoholic. Our results identified a significant positive association of hypertension with weekly alcohol consumption (OR 1.340 [95%CI 1.0001 to 1.794], p = .0499) and poultry intake (OR 2.569 [95%CI 1.305 to 5.057], p = .00631). Conversely, a negative association was observed with lamb/mutton (OR 0.550 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.881], p = .0129), cheese (OR 0.650 [95%CI 0.519 to 0.813], p = .000159), tea (OR 0.797 [95%CI 0.640 to 0.993], p = .0433), cereal (OR 0.684 [95%CI 0.494 to 0.948], p = .0227), and dried fruit consumption (OR 0.492 [95%CI 0.343 to 0.707], p = .000127). These findings suggest that dietary modifications, such as increasing consumption of specific foods like cheese, lamb/mutton, tea, cereals, and dried fruits, could potentially reduce hypertension risk while reducing intake of alcoholic beverages and poultry might mitigate its increase. No direct causal relationships were established between other dietary factors and hypertension. The study highlights the importance of specific dietary modifications for the prevention and control of hypertension, making a substantial contribution to public health tactics and recommendations.
Exploring the multimodal health‐promoting properties of resveratrol: A comprehensive review
Authors: Faisal Zargham , Mazhar Aimen , Batool Syeda Ayesha , Akram Noor , Hassan Maleeha , Khan Muhammad Usman , Afzaal Muhammad , Hassan Usman Ul , Shah Yasir Abbas , Desta Derese Tamiru 
Published: January 2024

AbstractResveratrol, a natural polyphenol in various plants, has gained significant attention for its potential health‐promoting properties. It has been demonstrated, after reviewing various clinical and in vitro studies, that resveratrol possesses potent antioxidant potential. Resveratrol demonstrates cellular component protection by directly neutralizing free radicals (FRs) and enhancing the expression of natural antioxidant enzymes, thereby mitigating oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Clinical trials have shown promising results, indicating that resveratrol supplementation can enhance antioxidant defenses and reduce oxidative damage markers in various populations. In addition to its antioxidant effects, resveratrol exhibits potent anti‐inflammatory properties. It can modulate key inflammatory pathways, such as nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), thereby suppressing the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, resveratrol's multimodal effects extend beyond its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. It has been discovered to exert regulatory effects on various cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immunological responses. The primary aim of this review paper is to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on resveratrol, including its chemical composition, bioaccessibility, clinical effectiveness, and utilization in nanotechnology to enhance its bioavailability. From future perspectives, revising the administration methods for certain contexts and understanding the underlying systems responsible for resveratrol's effects will require further inquiry. For the highest potential health results, advanced trial‐based research is necessary for combinational nano‐delivery of resveratrol.
Can daily consumption of enriched fatty acids diet be effective in improving metabolic syndrome? An attractive paradox for walnut kernel
Authors: Samei Melika , Dowlatkhahi Nafiseh , Boozari Motahareh , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImagine consuming a daily diet rich in fatty acids to help treat diseases such as hypertension and obesity. This concept presents an attractive paradox. In particular, consuming walnut kernels is beneficial for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Different parts of the Juglans regia tree (family Juglandaceae), including its leaves, green husks, bark, and septum, have shown promising effects on pathological conditions related to MetS. The therapeutic advantages of consuming walnut kernels for MetS can be attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds such as juglone and ellagic acid. Diets enriched with walnut kernel have a positive impact on MetS complications by reducing diastolic blood pressure, improving blood lipid profiles, lowering fasting blood sugar levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. The potential cellular mechanisms responsible for these benefits involve activating the cholesterol hemostasis pathway by inhibiting sterol regulatory element‐binding proteins (SREBPs), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Furthermore, other by‐products of walnuts, such as leaves and green husks, have also demonstrated effectiveness in managing MetS. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating walnut‐based products into our diets as a natural approach to combating MetS and its complications.
The relationship between playing musical instruments and cognitive trajectories: Analysis from a UK ageing cohort
Authors: Vetere Gaia , Williams Gareth , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Hampshire Adam , Palmer Abbie , Pickering Ellie , Richards Megan , Brooker Helen , Corbett Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe accumulation of age‐associated cognitive deficits can lead to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. This is a major public health issue for the modern ageing population, as it impairs health, independence and overall quality of life. Keeping the brain active during life has been associated with an increased cognitive reserve, therefore reducing the risk of cognitive impairment in older age. Previous research has identified a potential relationship between musicality and cognition.ObjectivesExplore the relationship between musicality and cognitive function in a large cohort of older adults.MethodsThis was a nested study within the PROTECT‐UK cohort, which collects longitudinal computerised assessments of cognitive function in adults over 40. Participants were invited to complete the validated Edinburgh Lifetime Musical Experience Questionnaire (ELMEQ) to assess their musical experience and lifetime exposure to music. Linear regression analysis was performed using cognitive data from PROTECT‐UK.ResultsAnalysis identified an association between musicality and cognition in this cohort. Playing a musical instrument was associated with significantly better performance in working memory and executive function. Significant associations were also found between singing and executive function, and between overall musical ability and working memory.ConclusionsOur findings confirm previous literature, highlighting the potential value of education and engagement in musical activities throughout life as a means of harnessing cognitive reserve as part of a protective lifestyle for brain health.
FEMA: Fast and efficient mixed‐effects algorithm for large sample whole‐brain imaging data
Authors: Parekh Pravesh , Fan Chun Chieh , Frei Oleksandr , Palmer Clare E. , Smith Diana M. , Makowski Carolina , Iversen John R. , Pecheva Diliana , Holland Dominic , Loughnan Robert , Nedelec Pierre , Thompson Wesley K. , Hagler Donald J. , Andreassen Ole A. , Jernigan Terry L. , Nichols Thomas E. , Dale Anders M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe linear mixed‐effects model (LME) is a versatile approach to account for dependence among observations. Many large‐scale neuroimaging datasets with complex designs have increased the need for LME; however LME has seldom been used in whole‐brain imaging analyses due to its heavy computational requirements. In this paper, we introduce a fast and efficient mixed‐effects algorithm (FEMA) that makes whole‐brain vertex‐wise, voxel‐wise, and connectome‐wide LME analyses in large samples possible. We validate FEMA with extensive simulations, showing that the estimates of the fixed effects are equivalent to standard maximum likelihood estimates but obtained with orders of magnitude improvement in computational speed. We demonstrate the applicability of FEMA by studying the cross‐sectional and longitudinal effects of age on region‐of‐interest level and vertex‐wise cortical thickness, as well as connectome‐wide functional connectivity values derived from resting state functional MRI, using longitudinal imaging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study release 4.0. Our analyses reveal distinct spatial patterns for the annualized changes in vertex‐wise cortical thickness and connectome‐wide connectivity values in early adolescence, highlighting a critical time of brain maturation. The simulations and application to real data show that FEMA enables advanced investigation of the relationships between large numbers of neuroimaging metrics and variables of interest while considering complex study designs, including repeated measures and family structures, in a fast and efficient manner. The source code for FEMA is available via: https://github.com/cmig-research-group/cmig_tools/.
Cortical timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks
Authors: Lurie Daniel J. , Pappas Ioannis , D'Esposito Mark 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen growing interest in characterizing the properties of regional brain dynamics and their relationship to other features of brain structure and function. In particular, multiple studies have observed regional differences in the “timescale” over which activity fluctuates during periods of quiet rest. In the cerebral cortex, these timescales have been associated with both local circuit properties as well as patterns of inter‐regional connectivity, including the extent to which each region exhibits widespread connectivity to other brain areas. In the current study, we build on prior observations of an association between connectivity and dynamics in the cerebral cortex by investigating the relationship between BOLD fMRI timescales and the modular organization of structural and functional brain networks. We characterize network community structure across multiple scales and find that longer timescales are associated with greater within‐community functional connectivity and diverse structural connectivity. We also replicate prior observations of a positive correlation between timescales and structural connectivity degree. Finally, we find evidence for preferential functional connectivity between cortical areas with similar timescales. We replicate these findings in an independent dataset. These results contribute to our understanding of functional brain organization and structure–function relationships in the human brain, and support the notion that regional differences in cortical dynamics may in part reflect the topological role of each region within macroscale brain networks.
An examination of whether and how leader humility enhances leader personal career success
Authors: Chan Elsa T. , Hekman David R. , Foo Maw Der 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHumble leaders are traditionally thought to create a great deal of human and social capital, yet be overshadowed by self‐promoting rivals for promotions. We propose that through informal career mentoring, humble leaders can improve their organizational status and promotability. We tested our model among a multisource sample of 610 leaders across 18 industries and 21 job functions who participated in a leader development program. Leader humility was reported by the focal leaders' peers, leader mentoring behavior was reported by the focal leaders' direct reports, leader status was reported by the focal leaders' immediate bosses, and leader promotability was reported by the focal leaders' superiors. Results generally confirmed that leader humility predicted leader mentoring behavior, which in turn predicted leader status, and ultimately higher leader promotability ratings. We discuss how our findings extend and enrich the literatures on leader humility and mentoring, showing how humble leaders can ascend organizational hierarchies.
Rates of genetic consultation in high‐grade serous ovarian cancer patients in the era of PARP inhibitor therapy: A population‐based study
Authors: Brent Shannon E. , McGee Jacob , Vicus Danielle , Kim Raymond , Eisen Andrea , Wilton Andrew S. , Gien Lilian T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends all patients with high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) undergo germline genetic testing. Genetic consultation rates in Ontario, Canada, only reached 13.3% in 2011. In 2016, PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy became available in Ontario for BRCA‐positive HGSC patients. Given expanding treatment options, we re‐examined genetic consultation rates among HGSC patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study identified patients diagnosed with HGSC between 2012 and 2019 using population‐based administrative data from Ontario. Genetics consultations were identified using Ontario Health Insurance Plan billing codes. Consultation rates over time were analyzed using Cochran–Armitage trend test and segmental regression analysis. Multivariable analysis identified factors associated with attending genetics consultation.ResultsThis study included 4645 HGSC patients. The mean age was 64.2 years (±SD 12.3); 56.3% had stage 3–4 disease. Overall, approximately 35% attended genetics consultations. The genetic consultation rate per year increased significantly from 21.6% to 42.6% (P < 0.001). Shorter times between diagnosis and genetics consult were observed after PARP inhibitors became available (68.1 vs 34.1 weeks, P < 0.001). Patients treated at designated cancer centers (odds ratio [OR] 2.11, P < 0.001), diagnosed in later years (OR 1.33, P < 0.001), and from higher income groups (P < 0.05) were more likely to attend genetics consultation; older patients were less likely (OR 0.98, P < 0.001). After PARP inhibitors became available, consultation rates plateaued (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBetween 2012 and 2019, genetic consultation rates improved significantly among HGSC patients; however, a large proportion of patients never attended consultation. Further exploration of barriers to care is warranted to improve consultation rates and ensure equitable access to care.
Identification of individuals using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy based on a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Li Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the application of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and deep learning techniques has emerged as a promising method for personal identification. In this study, we innovatively utilized a deep learning framework and fNIRS data for personal identification. The framework is a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (Conv1D) trained on resting‐state fNIRS signals collected from the frontal cortex of adults. In data preprocessing, we employed a sliding window‐based data augmentation technique and high‐pass filter, which could result in the highest identification accuracy through multiple experiments. Based on a data set consisting of 56 adult participants, the identification accuracy of 90.36% is achieved for training data with a window size of approximately 4.62 s; with the increase in training data window size, the identification accuracy can reach (97.65 ± 2.35)%. Our results suggest that deep learning is valuable for fNIRS‐based personal identification, with potential applications in security, biometrics, and healthcare.
Insight into impact of ZrO2 nanoparticles on photocatalytic degradation performance of g‐C3N4 for tetracycline
Authors: Jiang Meng , Xie Jinqian , Huang Mingxiu , Li Zhanguo , Yao Yucen , Sun Wei , Wang Bei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransition metal oxides have been proved effective for improving photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride by constructing different heterojunctions. Although much progress has been made in this field, the effect of transition metal oxides on photocatalytic process is still not very clear.AimsHerein, we fabricated g‐C3N4/ZrO2 based photocatalyst and investigated its morphology, elemental state and photophysical process.Materials & Methodsg‐C3N4/ZrO2 was performed through physical mixing methods. In order to delve into the effect of ZrO2 doping on g‐C3N4, detailed characterization was done by SEM, TEM, BET, PL, XRD, XPS, UV‐vis DRS, FTIR, TRPL and EPR.Results & DiscussionSmaller nanoscale morphology and larger specific surface area for g‐C3N4/ZrO2 photocatalyst are confirmed by SEM and BET results. Photoelectrochemical experiments indicate that charge transfer process is significantly improved and bigger photogenerated current is achieved. Electron paramagnetic resonance results also show that •O2 signal is enhanced obviously with ZrO2 nanoparticles under light condition. Time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra further explain that ZrO2 is favorable for charge transfer with shortened exciton lifetime while unfavorable for charge transport with shortened recombination lifetime.ConclusionFinally, the compromise photodegradation performance of g‐C3N4/ZrO2 for tetracycline is enhanced by 70% compared with pure g‐C3N4.
CCL2‐CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases
Authors: Wu Yue , Ma Yanchun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObesity and metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments, represent formidable global health challenges, bearing considerable implications for both morbidity and mortality rates. It has become increasingly evident that chronic, low‐grade inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and advancement of these conditions. The involvement of C‐C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and its corresponding receptor, C‐C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), has been extensively documented in numerous inflammatory maladies. Recent evidence indicates that the CCL2/CCR2 pathway extends beyond immune cell recruitment and inflammation, exerting a notable influence on the genesis and progression of metabolic syndrome. The present review seeks to furnish a comprehensive exposition of the CCL2‐CCR2 signaling axis within the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, elucidating its molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and therapeutic implications.