bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ulinastatin on acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump cardiac bypass surgery
Authors: Park Soo Jung , Park Sung Yong , Kang Se Yoon , Kim Ji Ho , Heo Ji Yeong , Yoo Ji Young 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Ulinastatin, an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant trypsin inhibitor, has shown potential in mitigating acute kidney injury (AKI) and reducing serum creatinine levels after various surgeries. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of ulinastatin on AKI in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.

Methods
We hypothesized that the administration of ulinastatin could prevent AKI in OPCAB. Electrical medical records were reviewed to identify OPCAB patients between January 2015 and June 2020. The utilization of ulinastatin was randomly determined and applied during this period. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the KDIGO guideline, and its incidence was compared between the ulinastatin administration group and the control group. To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on renal function, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate propensity scores for each group.

Results
A total 454 OPCAB were performed, and after following inclusion and exclusion process, 100 patients were identified in the ulinastatin group and 303 patients in the control group. Using 1:2 propensity score matching, we analyzed 100 and 200 patients in the ulinastatin and control groups. The incidence of AKI was similar between the groups (2.5% for the control group, 2.0% for the ulinastatin group, p > 0.999). However, the serum creatinine value on the first post-operative day were significantly lower in the ulinastatin group compared to the control group (0.774 ± 0.179 mg/dL vs 0.823 ± 0.216 mg/dL, P = 0.040), while no significant differences were observed for the other time points (P > 0.05). The length of ICU stay day was significantly shorter in the ulinastatin group (2.91 ± 2.81 day vs 5.22 ± 7.45 day, respectively, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Ulinastatin did not have a significant effect on the incidence of AKI; it demonstrated the ability to reduce post-operative serum creatine levels at first post-operative day and shorten the length of ICU stay.
Paclitaxel combined with Compound K inducing pyroptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by regulating Treg/Th17 balance
Authors: Wang Hongzheng , Huang Min , Zhu Mengyuan , Su Chi , Zhang Yijian , Chen Hongyu , Jiang Yuexin , Wang Haidi , Guo Qinglong , Zhang Shuai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have attracted much attention in recent years, have achieved good efficacy, but their use is limited by the high incidence of acquired drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new immunotherapy drugs. Compound taxus chinensis capsule (CTC) is an oral paclitaxel compound drug, clinical results showed it can change the number of regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17 in peripheral blood. Regulating the balance between regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17 is considered to be an effective anticancer strategy. Paclitaxel and ginsenoside metabolite compound K are the main immunomodulatory components, it is not clear that paclitaxel combined with compound K can inhibit tumor development by regulating the balance between regulatory T cell and T helper cell 17.

Methods
MTT, EdU proliferation and plate colony formation assay were used to determine the concentration of paclitaxel and compound K. AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining, ELISA, Western Blot assay, Flow Cytometry and Immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of paclitaxel combined with compound K on Lewis cell cultured alone or co-cultured with splenic lymphocyte. Finally, transplanted tumor C57BL/6 mice model was constructed to investigate the anti-cancer effect in vivo.

Results
According to the results of MTT, EdU proliferation and plate colony formation assay, paclitaxel (10 nM) and compound K (60 μM) was used to explore the mechanism. The results of Flow Cytometry demonstrated that paclitaxel combined with compound K increased the number of T helper cell 17 and decreased the number of regulatory T cells, which induced pyroptosis of cancer cells. The balance was mediated by the JAK–STAT pathway according to the results of Western Blot and Immunofluorescence. Finally, the in vivo results showed that paclitaxel combined with compound K significantly inhibit the progression of lung cancer.

Conclusions
In this study, we found that paclitaxel combined with compound K can activate CD8+ T cells and induce pyroptosis of tumor cells by regulating the balance between regulatory T cells and T helper cell 17. These results demonstrated that this is a feasible treatment strategy for lung cancer.
Delivering integrated strategies from a mobile unit to address the intertwining epidemics of HIV and addiction in people who inject drugs: the HPTN 094 randomized controlled trial protocol (the INTEGRA Study)
Authors: Goodman-Meza David , Shoptaw Steven , Hanscom Brett , Smith Laramie R. , Andrew Philip , Kuo Irene , Lake Jordan E. , Metzger David , Morrison Ellen A. B. , Cummings Melissa , Fogel Jessica M. , Richardson Paul , Harris Jayla , Heitner Jesse , Stansfield Sarah , El-Bassel Nabila ,   for the HPTN 094 Study Team
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States (US) face multiple and intertwining health risks. These include interference with consistent access, linkage, and retention to health care including medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), HIV prevention using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most services, when available, including those that address substance misuse, HIV prevention, and STIs, are often provided in multiple locations that may be difficult to access, which further challenges sustained health for PWID. HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a study designed to test the efficacy of an integrated, “whole-person” strategy that provides integrated HIV prevention including antiretroviral therapy (ART), PrEP, MOUD, and STI testing and treatment from a mobile health delivery unit (“mobile unit”) with peer navigation compared to peer navigation alone to access these services at brick and mortar locations.

Methods
HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a two-arm, randomized controlled trial in 5 US cities where approximately 400 PWID without HIV are assigned either to an experimental condition that delivers 26 weeks of “one-stop” integrated health services combined with peer navigation and delivered in a mobile unit or to an active control condition using peer navigation only for 26 weeks to the same set of services delivered in community settings. The primary outcomes include being alive and retained in MOUD and PrEP at 26 weeks post-randomization. Secondary outcomes measure the durability of intervention effects at 52 weeks following randomization.

Discussion
This trial responds to a need for evidence on using a “whole-person” strategy for delivering integrated HIV prevention and substance use treatment, while testing the use of a mobile unit that meets out-of-treatment PWID wherever they might be and links them to care systems and/or harm reduction services. Findings will be important in guiding policy for engaging PWID in HIV prevention or care, substance use treatment, and STI testing and treatment by addressing the intertwined epidemics of addiction and HIV among those who have many physical and geographic barriers to access care.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04804072. Registered on 18 March 2021.
Clinical inertia in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients attending selected healthcare institutions in Colombia
Authors: Alvis-Guzman Nelson , Romero Martín , Salcedo-Mejia Fernando , Carrasquilla-Sotomayor Maria , Gómez Lina , Rojas Mónica María , Urrego Juan Camilo , Beltrán Claudia Catalina , Ruíz Jaime Enrique , Velásquez Adriana , Orengo Juan Carlos , Pinzón Adolfo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The burden of disease of diabetes in Colombia have increased in the last decades. Secondary prevention is crucial for diabetes control. Many patients already treated remain with poor glycemic control and without timely and appropriate treatment intensification. This has been called in the literature as Clinical Inertia. Updated information regarding clinical inertia based on the Colombian diabetes treatment guidelines is needed.

Objective
To measure the prevalence of clinical inertia in newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in healthcare institutions in Colombia, based on the recommendations of the current official guidelines.

Methods
An observational and retrospective cohort study based on databases of two Health Medical Organizations (HMOs) in Colombia (one from subsidized regimen and one from contributory regimen) was conducted. Descriptive analysis was performed to summarize demographic and clinical information. Chi-square tests were used to assess associations between variables of interest.

Results
A total of 616 patients with T2DM (308 for each regimen) were included. Median age was 61 years. Overall clinical inertia was 93.5% (87.0% in contributory regimen and 100% in subsidized regimen). Patients with Hb1Ac ≥ 8% in the subsidized regimen were more likely to receive monotherapy than patients in the contributory regimen (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.41–3.86).

Conclusions
In this study, the prevalence of overall clinical inertia was higher in the subsidized regime than in the contributory regime (100% vs 87%). Great efforts have been made to equalize the coverage between the two systems, but this finding is worrisome with respect to the difference in quality of the health care provided to these two populations. This information may help payers and clinicians to streamline strategies for reducing clinical inertia and improve patient outcomes.
The intervention of cannabinoid receptor in chronic and acute kidney disease animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Yan Qianqian , Xie Junwei , Liu Zhenjie , Liu Fengxun , Liu Yong , Zhou Sijie , Pan Shaokang , Liu Dongwei , Duan Jiayu , Liu Zhangsuo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aim
Cannabinoid receptors are components of the endocannabinoid system that affect various physiological functions. We aim to investigate the effect of cannabinoid receptor modulation on kidney disease.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science databases, and EMBASE were searched. Articles selection, data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by two investigators. The SYRCLE’s RoB tool was used to assess the risk of study bias, and pooled SMD using a random-effect model and 95% CIs were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted in preselected subgroups, and publication bias was evaluated. We compared the effects of CB1 and CB2 antagonists and/or knockout and agonists and/or genetic regulation on renal function, blood glucose levels, body weight, and pathological damage-related indicators in different models of chronic and acute kidney injury.

Results
The blockade or knockout of CB1 could significantly reduce blood urea nitrogen [SMD,− 1.67 (95% CI − 2.27 to − 1.07)], serum creatinine [SMD, − 1.88 (95% CI − 2.91 to − 0.85)], and albuminuria [SMD, − 1.60 (95% CI − 2.16 to − 1.04)] in renal dysfunction animals compared with the control group. The activation of CB2 group could significantly reduce serum creatinine [SMD, − 0.97 (95% CI − 1.83 to − 0.11)] and albuminuria [SMD, − 2.43 (95% CI − 4.63 to − 0.23)] in renal dysfunction animals compared with the control group.

Conclusions
The results suggest that targeting cannabinoid receptors, particularly CB1 antagonists and CB2 agonists, can improve kidney function and reduce inflammatory responses, exerting a renal protective effect and maintaining therapeutic potential in various types of kidney disease.
In which rounds were the most rotations of key players made, and how did this affect physical activity? Analysis of the eight best teams of the 2018 FIFA world cup Russia
Authors: Chmura Paweł , Kołodziejczyk Michał , Andrzejewski Marcin , Chmura Jan , Rokita Andrzej , Drożdżowski Adrian , Maćkała Krzysztof , Konefał Marek 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Team management, especially player selection, rotation, and availability, are critical issues when dealing with the high demands of modern training and gameplay. As such, research continuously seeks ways to improve these actions or implement new ideas to gain a competitive advantage through the rotation of players in the starting line-up. The current study aimed to examine the rounds of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia in which the most rotations of key players were made and how this affected physical activity.

Methods
The sample consisted of 110 players from the top eight teams in the 2018 World Cup Russia who played entire matches for up to 90 min in seven consecutive games. All players were divided into key players (KPs, n = 58) and non-key players (NKPs, n = 52). The analysis used data collected by an advanced motion analysis system known as STATS®, with physical activity variables analyzed, including total distance covered (TDC), distance covered with high intensity over 20 km/h (HIR), and the number of sprints undertaken. In statistical analysis, differences between categories and consecutive matches were calculated using the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and if a significant effect size was found, a multiple comparisons p values test was performed.

Results
The best teams at the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia used the most KP rotations with NKPs in the third match of the group stage. In addition, this was even more visible among more successful teams than less successful teams. The rotation strategy among the best eight teams allowed them to maintain the physical activity of KPs and NKPs in all rounds of the tournament.

Conclusions
Coaches and coaching staff should incorporate squad rotation that includes a large group of players in their team management to improve their success. Team management expertise in player rotation during matches played over congested schedules at top tournaments maintains high levels of physical activity indicators (TDC, HIR, and sprints).
Investigating the efficacy of vacuum sealing drainage versus traditional negative pressure drainage in treating deep incision infections following posterior cervical internal fixation—a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Jianhua , Jiang Dawei , Chang Zhengqi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessing the efficacy and safety of Vacuum Sealing Drainage (VSD) in treating deep incision infections (DII) following posterior cervical internal fixation.

Methods
We retrospectively studied the clinical effects of VSD and Traditional Negative Pressure Drainage (TND) on 12 patients with deep incision infection after posterior cervical fixation surgery who were treated in our department from 2012 to 2020. A comparison of patient-related factors (age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, initial internal fixation surgery segment, preoperative laboratory inflammation indicators) and surgical-related factors (postoperative duration of fever, positive rate of drainage fluid bacterial culture, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at 3 days after surgery, laboratory indicators at 3 days after surgery, debridement frequency and drainage time, hospital stay, internal fixation retention rate, and infection recurrence rate) between the VSD group and the TND group was conducted using independent sample t tests to draw experimental conclusions.

Results
This study included 12 patients, with six cases of VSD (5 males and 1 female) and six cases of TND (4 males and 2 females). The VSD group had significantly lower postoperative fever time (1.50 ± 0.46 days vs. 4.28 ± 0.97 days, P < 0.05), a higher positive rate of bacterial cultures in drainage fluid (5/6 vs. 2/6, P < 0.05), lower 3 day VAS scores (3.13 ± 0.83 vs. 3.44 ± 0.88, P < 0.05), lower 3 day CRP levels (66.89 ± 23.65 mg/L vs. 57.11 ± 18.18 mg/L, P < 0.05), a shorter total drainage time (14.50 ± 2.98 days vs. 22.56 ± 3.01 days, P < 0.05), and a higher total drainage flow rate (395.63 ± 60.97 ml vs. 155.56 ± 32.54 ml, P < 0.05) than the TND group (the total drainage volume throughout the entire treatment process). In addition, the frequency of debridement (2.67 ± 0.52 times vs. 3.17 ± 0.41 times, P < 0.05) and average hospital stay (23.13 ± 3.27 days vs. 34.33 ± 6.86 days, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the VSD group, although both groups retained internal fixation.

Conclusions
VSD is a secure and effective treatment for deep incision infections that results from cervical posterior internal fixation surgery.
Effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of youth-initiated mentoring for juvenile delinquents: a multiple-methods study protocol
Authors: Boering Angelique , Groenman Annabeth P. , van Dam Levi , Overbeek Geertjan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The societal costs associated with juvenile delinquency and reoffending are high, emphasising the need for effective prevention strategies. A promising approach is Youth-Initiated Mentoring (YIM). In YIM, professionals support youths in selecting a non-parental adult from within their social network as their mentor. However, until now, little (quasi-)experimental research has been conducted on YIM in the field of juvenile delinquency. We will examine the effectiveness, working mechanisms, and implementation of YIM as a selective prevention strategy for juvenile delinquents.

Methods
This multiple-methods study consists of a quasi-experimental trial and a qualitative study. In the quasi-experimental trial, we aim to include 300 juvenile offenders referred to Halt, a Dutch juvenile justice system organisation which offers youths a diversion program. In the Netherlands, all juvenile offenders between 12 and 18 years old are referred to Halt, where they must complete the Halt intervention. Youths will be non-randomly assigned to region-matched non-YIM-trained and YIM-trained Halt professionals implementing Care as Usual (CAU, i.e., the Halt intervention) or CAU plus YIM, respectively. Despite non-random allocation, this approach may yield comparable conditions regarding (1) the characteristics of professionals delivering the intervention and (2) case type and severity. Youth and caregiver(s) self-report data will be collected at pre-and post-test and a 6-month follow-up and complemented with official Halt records data. Multilevel analyses will test whether youths following CAU plus YIM show a stronger increase in resilience factors and a stronger decline in the need for formal support and delinquency than youths following CAU. In the qualitative study, we will organise focus group interviews with YIM-trained professionals to explore boosters and barriers experienced by professionals during the implementation of YIM.

Discussion
The proposed study will help identify the effectiveness of YIM in strengthening resilience factors and possibly decreasing juvenile delinquency. In addition, it may offer insights into how and for whom YIM works. Finally, this study can help strengthen the implementation of YIM in the future.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.Gov (# NCT05555472). Registered 7 September 2022. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05555472?cond=Youth+Initiated+Mentoring&draw=2&rank=1.
Experimental archaeological study in China: implications for reconstruction of past manuring and dietary practices indicated by δ15N values of Setaria italica and Panicum miliaceum
Authors: Ouyang Huiyong , Shang Xue , Hu Yaowu , Feng Zhizhen , Liu Junchi , Li Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Understanding the crop management practices of millet agriculture is pivotal for comprehending the development of Chinese civilization. Recent studies have indicated that organic manuring plays a crucial role in ensuring sustainable millet cultivation on the Loess Plateau. However, uncertainties still exist regarding how manuring practices impact the δ
15N values of C4 millets compared to C3 cereals. Furthermore, inadequate information on crop δ
15N at archaeological sites has led to controversial interpretations of animal and human diets. In this study, we present new findings from an experimental archaeological research conducted in actual loess farmland in China to explore the potential range of variability in grain δ
15N values of millets. Our results demonstrate that animal manure significantly increases Setaria and Panicum grain δ
15N values, ranging from 2.7 to 9.3‰. Considering trophic enrichment effects on nitrogen isotopes, humans consuming manured millets may yield values ranging from 5.7 to 12.3‰, suggesting alternative explanations for high δ
15N values other than animal protein consumption. Opposite to the general hypothesis, the grain δ
15N values are systematically lower than those of leaves. The difference between the values of Setaria and Panicum and the process of manure influencing the grain δ
15N values are also discussed. Our study provides novel insights into the nitrogen stable isotopic indicator of millet manuring and will serve to set reconstructions of past manuring and diet practices in northern China on a firmer foundation.
Tephra segregation profiles based on disdrometer observations and tephra dispersal modeling: Vulcanian eruptions of Sakurajima volcano, Japan
Authors: Takishita Kosei , Poulidis Alexandros-Panagiotis , Iguchi Masato 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe profile of tephra concentration along a volcanic plume (i.e., the tephra segregation profile) is an important source parameter for the simulation of tephra transport and deposition and thus for the tephra sedimentation load. The most commonly-used approach is to treat an eruption as a single event (i.e., with a time-averaged mass eruption rate; MER). In this case, it is common to use pre-determined profiles that feature most of the tephra segregate at the top of the plume. However, case studies based on observations have revealed that large concentration maxima also appear at the lower part of the plume. To investigate this discrepancy, the impact of plume height on the temporal variations in the MER is examined. To this end, we use the tephra transport and dispersion model Tephra4D with MER estimates obtained from geophysical monitoring and maximum plume height observations to calculate the spatial distribution of the tephra deposit load for 39 eruptive events that consisted of explosions and quasi-steady particle emission from the Sakurajima volcano, Japan. A comparison of the model results with observations from a disdrometer network revealed that for both kinds of activity, maxima in tephra segregation can occur at heights below the reported plume height. The tephra segregation profiles of Vulcanian eruptions at Sakurajima volcano are consistent with most of the modeling studies giving profiles that feature most of the tephra segregating at the top of the plume if the temporal variation of the MER is taken into consideration to properly represent the total series of eruptive events in a sequence. This highlights that even though the activity at Sakurajima volcano is commonly characterized simply as Vulcanian eruptions, in addition to the primary plume developed due to the initial instantaneous release caused by the explosion, the subsequent continuous plume that can accompany the eruption plays an important role in particle emission. Calculations could not reproduce the simultaneous deposition of particles with a wide range of settling velocities in observations, suggesting the importance of volcanic ash fingers caused by gravitational instability in tephra transport simulations.
Graphical Abstract