bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic-like characteristics of arithmetic dynamical systems: the Collatz hailstone sequences
Authors: Polli J G , Raposo E P , Viswanathan G M , da Luz M G E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The numerical hailstone sequences, or orbits, generated by the Collatz map have been disclosed to present relevant features commonly associated with complex systems. It is so despite the extreme simplicity of the arithmetic dynamical system iteration rule. Indeed, for a positive integer n, the Collatz map f reads

f
(
n
)
=
n

/

2

(

f
(
n
)
=
3
n
+
1

) for n even (odd). Seeking to elucidate this surprising fact, here we unveil distinct characteristics of stochastic-like behavior for collections of Collatz orbits by considering methods commonly employed to temporal series, as cryptography tests, power-spectrum, detrended fluctuation, auto-correlation and entropy measure. Besides confirming previous predictions that the Collatz orbits display some global properties of geometric Brownian motion, our results are likewise able to explain, at least heuristically, the reasons for so. In special, we show by means of comprehensive analysis that our findings cannot be ascribed to standard chaotic evolution. Moreover, we identify novel short- and mid-range correlations in the Collatz orbits. The Collatz map is hence a paradigmatic example of an arithmetic dynamical system which could also be regarded as displaying key characteristics of an arithmetic statistical physics system, explaining its dynamical richness.
Mitigating agricultural residue burning: challenges and solutions across land classes in Punjab, India
Authors: Krishnapriya P P , Pattanayak Subhrendu K , Somanathan E , Keil Alwin , Jat M L , Sidhu H S , Shyamsundar Priya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
India faces significant air quality challenges, contributing to local health and global climate concerns. Despite a national ban on agricultural residue burning and various incentive schemes, farmers in northern India continue to face difficulties in curbing open-field burning. Using data from 1021 farming households in rural Punjab in India, we examine the patterns and drivers of the adoption of no-burn agriculture, particularly for farmers who mulch instead of burning crop residue. We find a growing trend in no-burn farming practices among farmers between 2015 and 2017, with the highest adoption rates among large farmers compared to medium and small farmers. Our findings suggest that access to equipment and learning opportunities may increase the likelihood of farmers using straw as mulch instead of burning it. Specifically, social learning appears to increase the likelihood of farmers embracing no-burn practices relative to learning from extension agencies. Furthermore, the form of learning depends on farm size. While large and medium farmers exhibit a variety of learning strategies, small farmers primarily self-learn. These results underscore the importance of a multiprong policy that provides sufficient access to equipment and a combination of learning platforms that enabling farmers from different land classes to adopt no-burn technologies.
Ketogluconate production by Gluconobacter strains: enzymes and biotechnological applications
Authors: Kataoka Naoya 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Gluconobacter strains perform incomplete oxidation of various sugars and alcohols, employing regio- and stereoselective membrane-bound dehydrogenases oriented toward the periplasmic space. This oxidative fermentation process is utilized industrially. The ketogluconate production pathway, characteristic of these strains, begins with the conversion of d-glucose to d-gluconate, which then diverges and splits into 2 pathways producing 5-keto-d-gluconate and 2-keto-d-gluconate and subsequently 2,5-diketo-d-gluconate. These transformations are facilitated by membrane-bound d-glucose dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydrogenase, d-gluconate dehydrogenase, and 2-keto-d-gluconate dehydrogenase. The variance in end products across Gluconobacter strains stems from the diversity of enzymes and their activities. This review synthesizes biochemical and genetic knowledge with biotechnological applications, highlighting recent advances in metabolic engineering and the development of an efficient production process focusing on enzymes relevant to the ketogluconate production pathway in Gluconobacter strains.
Integrative open workflow for confident annotation and molecular networking of metabolomics MSE/DIA data
Authors: Katchborian-Neto Albert , Alves Matheus F , Bueno Paula C P , de Jesus Nicácio Karen , Ferreira Miller S , Oliveira Tiago B , Barbosa Henrique , Murgu Michael , de Paula Ladvocat Ana C C , Dias Danielle F , Soares Marisi G , Lago João H G , Chagas-Paula Daniela A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition (LC-HRMS/DIA), including MSE, enable comprehensive metabolomics analyses though they pose challenges for data processing with automatic annotation and molecular networking (MN) implementation. This motivated the present proposal, in which we introduce DIA-IntOpenStream, a new integrated workflow combining open-source software to streamline MSE data handling. It provides ‘in-house’ custom database construction, allows the conversion of raw MSE data to a universal format (.mzML) and leverages open software (MZmine 3 and MS-DIAL) all advantages for confident annotation and effective MN data interpretation. This pipeline significantly enhances the accessibility, reliability and reproducibility of complex MSE/DIA studies, overcoming previous limitations of proprietary software and non-universal MS data formats that restricted integrative analysis. We demonstrate the utility of DIA-IntOpenStream with two independent datasets: dataset 1 consists of new data from 60 plant extracts from the Ocotea genus; dataset 2 is a publicly available actinobacterial extract spiked with authentic standard for detailed comparative analysis with existing methods. This user-friendly pipeline enables broader adoption of cutting-edge MS tools and provides value to the scientific community. Overall, it holds promise for speeding up metabolite discoveries toward a more collaborative and open environment for research.
Spatially contrastive variational autoencoder for deciphering tissue heterogeneity from spatially resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Hu Yaofeng , Xiao Kai , Yang Hengyu , Liu Xiaoping , Zhang Chuanchao , Shi Qianqian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) have brought ever-increasing opportunities to characterize expression landscape in the context of tissue spatiality. Nevertheless, there still exist multiple challenges to accurately detect spatial functional regions in tissue. Here, we present a novel contrastive learning framework, SPAtially Contrastive variational AutoEncoder (SpaCAE), which contrasts transcriptomic signals of each spot and its spatial neighbors to achieve fine-grained tissue structures detection. By employing a graph embedding variational autoencoder and incorporating a deep contrastive strategy, SpaCAE achieves a balance between spatial local information and global information of expression, enabling effective learning of representations with spatial constraints. Particularly, SpaCAE provides a graph deconvolutional decoder to address the smoothing effect of local spatial structure on expression’s self-supervised learning, an aspect often overlooked by current graph neural networks. We demonstrated that SpaCAE could achieve effective performance on SRT data generated from multiple technologies for spatial domains identification and data denoising, making it a remarkable tool to obtain novel insights from SRT studies.
Likelihood-based feature representation learning combined with neighborhood information for predicting circRNA–miRNA associations
Authors: Guo Lu-Xiang , Wang Lei , You Zhu-Hong , Yu Chang-Qing , Hu Meng-Lei , Zhao Bo-Wei , Li Yang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConnections between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) assume a pivotal position in the onset, evolution, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and tumors. Selecting the most potential circRNA-related miRNAs and taking advantage of them as the biological markers or drug targets could be conducive to dealing with complex human diseases through preventive strategies, diagnostic procedures and therapeutic approaches. Compared to traditional biological experiments, leveraging computational models to integrate diverse biological data in order to infer potential associations proves to be a more efficient and cost-effective approach. This paper developed a model of Convolutional Autoencoder for CircRNA–MiRNA Associations (CA-CMA) prediction. Initially, this model merged the natural language characteristics of the circRNA and miRNA sequence with the features of circRNA–miRNA interactions. Subsequently, it utilized all circRNA–miRNA pairs to construct a molecular association network, which was then fine-tuned by labeled samples to optimize the network parameters. Finally, the prediction outcome is obtained by utilizing the deep neural networks classifier. This model innovatively combines the likelihood objective that preserves the neighborhood through optimization, to learn the continuous feature representation of words and preserve the spatial information of two-dimensional signals. During the process of 5-fold cross-validation, CA-CMA exhibited exceptional performance compared to numerous prior computational approaches, as evidenced by its mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9138 and a minimal SD of 0.0024. Furthermore, recent literature has confirmed the accuracy of 25 out of the top 30 circRNA–miRNA pairs identified with the highest CA-CMA scores during case studies. The results of these experiments highlight the robustness and versatility of our model.
509 - Dupilumab improves disease severity in children less than 12 years of age with moderate-severe AD: interim results from PEDISTAD real-world registry
Authors: Baselga Eulalia , Ramien Michele , Marcoux Danielle , de Graaf Marlies , Irvine Alan D , Carvalho Vania Oliveira , Ardusso Ledit R F , Toledo-Bahena Mirna , Gupta Rajan , Tong Thu , Zhang Annie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In phase 3 studies, dupilumab significantly improved disease severity in children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the impact of this systemic treatment on children in real-world treatment settings is yet to be investigated.

Objectives
To report the real-world effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in children the PEDISTAD registry.

Methods
PEDISTAD (NCT03687359) is an ongoing, international, longitudinal, observational 10-year registry study in patients aged from 6 months to 11 years at enrollment with moderate-to-severe AD, whose disease is not adequately controlled by topical prescription therapies or for whom those therapies are medically inadvisable. This interim analysis measures the effect of dupilumab on Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) total score and %-affected body surface area (BSA) from therapy start to up to 3 years’ follow up. Safety was also evaluated.

Results
A total of 214 patients received dupilumab (median treatment observation period: 16.1 months; accumulated 3-year discontinuation rate: 13.3%). The proportion of patients with clear/mild AD (EASI score &lt;7 [range 0–28]) increased from 20.8% at therapy start to 76.7% at last observation. The mean (±SE) EASI score decreased with dupilumab use, from 19.7±1.0 at therapy start to 6.1±0.8 at last observation. The proportion of patients with &lt;10% BSA affected by AD increased from 12.6% at therapy start to 46.5% at last observation. The mean (± SE) BSA affected decreased from 38.3%±1.7 at therapy start to 17.1%±2.0 at last observation. 24.2% of patients had adverse events, including 2.4% serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Dupilumab treatment significantly improved disease severity in patients aged from 6 months to 11 years in real-world practice.
548 - Tralokinumab improves signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis in patients aged 12 years and older with and without atopic comorbidities
Authors: Paller Amy S , Soong Weily , Boguniewicz Mark , Geng Bob , Thyssen Jacob P , Rosso Aldana , Steffensen Louise , Schneider Shannon , Wollenberg Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease associated with atopic comorbidities, including asthma, food allergy, hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis. Tralokinumab, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically targets IL-13, is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-­severe AD.

Objectives
To assess the impact of atopic comorbidities on the efficacy and safety of tralokinumab vs. placebo for moderate-to-­severe AD in patients age ≥12 years.

Methods
This post-hoc analysis presents data from the adult trials ECZTRA 1 and 2 (NCT03131648 and NCT03160885 pooled; 300 mg tralokinumab every 2 weeks [Q2W] vs. placebo) and ECZTRA 3 (NCT03363854; 300 mg tralokinumab Q2W vs. placebo, both plus TCS as needed), and the ECZTRA 6 adolescent trial (NCT03526861; pooled 150 mg and 300 mg tralokinumab Q2W vs. placebo). Tralokinumab-treated patients received a loading dose. Proportion of patients achieving IGA 0/1 and EASI-75 at Week 16 according to patient-reported current or past atopic comorbidity are presented as observed regardless of rescue medication use; missing data were imputed as non-responders.

Results
In total 2,223 patients were included across four trials. Among patients in ECZTRA 1 and 2, 50.5% reported history of asthma, 38.5% food allergy, 53.8% hay fever, and 33.5% allergic conjunctivitis, while 19.8% reported no atopic comorbidities and 79.3% reported ≥1 atopic comorbidity. Proportions of patients in ECZTRA 3 and 6 reporting history of atopic comorbidities were largely similar, although more adolescent patients reported food allergy. In all subgroups at Week 16, higher proportions of patients receiving tralokinumab vs. placebo achieved EASI-75. In ECZTRA 1 and 2, response rates among patients in each subgroup were asthma: 35.3% vs. 12.8%, food allergy: 33.2% vs. 14.7%, hay fever: 36.8% vs. 16.5%, allergic conjunctivitis: 34.8% vs. 12.7%, none: 34.6% vs. 20.5%; and ≥1 atopic comorbidity: 35.5% vs. 15.2% (P&lt;0.05 for all). A similar pattern of response was observed in ECZTRA 3 and 6, and for IGA 0/1 across trials. EASI-75 response rates for tralokinumab-treated patients were consistent across patients with different numbers of atopic comorbidities. Safety across subgroups was consistent with the safety profile of tralokinumab observed overall in adults and adolescents.

Conclusions
16 weeks of tralokinumab treatment improved AD signs and symptoms in adult and adolescent patients with and without atopic comorbidities, regardless of type or number of atopic comorbidities. The safety profile of tralokinumab was consistent between patients with and without atopic comorbidities.
536 - Association between pediatric BMI and vitiligo distribution: an observational cohort study
Authors: O’Hagan Ross , Wieder Shira , Perl Marcel , Silverberg Jonathan I , Silverberg Nanette B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
No articles have ever addressed the relationship of BMI with the location of disease in pediatric vitiligo patients.

Objective
We aimed to explore the relationship between birthweight, reported BMI classifications, and pediatric vitiligo disease characteristics.

Methods
We explored 232 consecutive pediatric vitiligo patients. Patients’ parents self-reported height, weight, and disease localization. The body mass index classifications were divided into underweight for body mass index (BMI) &lt;18.5, normal for BMI of 18.5 or greater and &lt;25, and overweight for a BMI of 25.

Results
Exploring birthweight and age of onset, there was a trend towards decreasing median age of onset with weight increases, but it is not statistically significant when we group the patients by BMI class. There is a trend towards older age for children with higher BMI classes (p-value = 0.06). For kids under the age of 12, duration of disease was 4.6 years, vs. 7.7 years for kids over the age of 12 years (p&lt;0.001). When further broken down into kids under 6 years, &gt;6 and less than 12 years, &gt;12 years, and less than 14 years, and 14-17 years, years of disease jumped from 1.3 to 4, to 6.6, and to 7.5 years respectively, demonstrating increased years of disease burden (P&lt;0.001). There is a positive trend in locations and age when looked at for self-reported BSA of 1-25% vs. &gt;25%: (p-value = 0.044). Wrists, hands, hips, legs, ankles, and feet were statistically more likely to be involved by 14-17 years, over 0-6 years (p&lt;0.05 for each site). BSA was 1-25% in 79% of kids under 12 years of age and 75% for kids&gt; 12 years of age. For those with a BSA of 26%+ all anatomical regions explored were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) other than the specific locations of the scalp, eyelids, lips or mouth.

Limitations
The cohort does not address long-term weight fluctuations. There are some limitations to self-reported data.

Conclusion and Relevance
Long-term disease in children and adolescents is associated with increasing years of disease burden and extension of disease to highly visible acral locations. BMI was not directly associated with disease extent in this cohort.
Regional variations in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism in Sweden: population-based case-control study
Authors: Thorsteinsson David , Granath Fredrik , Bränström Robert , Koman Anna , Zedenius Jan , Nilsson Inga-Lena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Substantial disparities in the utilization of parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism have been reported. This study aimed to analyse regional variations in parathyroidectomy incidence with respect to the patient's disease burden and socioeconomic status.

Methods
A population-based case-control study included all patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent parathyroidectomy in Sweden between 2008 and 2017 and 10 matched controls. Data on demographic and socioeconomic variables, co-morbidities and drug prescriptions were collected from relevant national registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyse predictors of parathyroidectomy.

Results
A total of 8626 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (77% women) underwent parathyroidectomy during the study interval. The annual incidence of parathyroidectomy was 9.0 per 100 000 persons. The annual age-adjusted regional incidences of parathyroidectomy varied between 3.3 and 16.9 operations per 100 000 inhabitants. Except for a small underrepresentation of patients with lower education, no effect of socioeconomic variables was observed. Compared with matched controls, the parathyroidectomy group had increased odds ratios of having developed classical symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism and being prescribed medication against cardiovascular disorders and psychiatric illness at the time of parathyroidectomy. Increased risks of kidney stones and osteoporosis were observed 5 years before parathyroidectomy. Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism selected for parathyroidectomy from regions with a low incidence of operations had a higher prevalence of kidney stones, osteoporosis and hypertension, as well as larger adenomas and higher calcium levels at the time of parathyroidectomy compared with patients in high-incidence regions.

Conclusion
The considerable variation in parathyroidectomy seems more likely associated with different clinical thresholds for detection of primary hyperparathyroidism and referral to surgery than socioeconomic disparities.
Tau accumulation and its spatial progression across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: St-Onge Frédéric , Chapleau Marianne , Breitner John C S , Villeneuve Sylvia , Pichet Binette Alexa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The accumulation of tau abnormality in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease is believed typically to follow neuropathologically defined Braak staging. Recent in-vivo PET evidence challenges this belief, however, as accumulation patterns for tau appear heterogeneous among individuals with varying clinical expressions of Alzheimer’s disease. We, therefore, sought a better understanding of the spatial distribution of tau in the preclinical and clinical phases of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease and its association with cognitive decline. Longitudinal tau-PET data (1370 scans) from 832 participants (463 cognitively unimpaired, 277 with mild cognitive impairment and 92 with Alzheimer’s disease dementia) were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Among these, we defined thresholds of abnormal tau deposition in 70 brain regions from the Desikan atlas, and for each group of regions characteristic of Braak staging. We summed each scan’s number of regions with abnormal tau deposition to form a spatial extent index. We then examined patterns of tau pathology cross-sectionally and longitudinally and assessed their heterogeneity. Finally, we compared our spatial extent index of tau uptake with a temporal meta-region of interest—a commonly used proxy of tau burden—assessing their association with cognitive scores and clinical progression. More than 80% of amyloid-beta positive participants across diagnostic groups followed typical Braak staging, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Within each Braak stage, however, the pattern of abnormality demonstrated significant heterogeneity such that the overlap of abnormal regions across participants averaged less than 50%, particularly in persons with mild cognitive impairment. Accumulation of tau progressed more rapidly among cognitively unimpaired and participants with mild cognitive impairment (1.2 newly abnormal regions per year) compared to participants with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (less than 1 newly abnormal region per year). Comparing the association of tau pathology and cognitive performance our spatial extent index was superior to the temporal meta-region of interest for identifying associations with memory in cognitively unimpaired individuals and explained more variance for measures of executive function in patients with mild cognitive impairments and Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Thus, while participants broadly followed Braak stages, significant individual regional heterogeneity of tau binding was observed at each clinical stage. Progression of the spatial extent of tau pathology appears to be fastest in cognitively unimpaired and persons with mild cognitive impairment. Exploring the spatial distribution of tau deposits throughout the entire brain may uncover further pathological variations and their correlation with cognitive impairments.
Synergistic effect of phthalocyanine and pyrochlore-type oxide catalysts to enhance activity of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Maruyama Ren , Takase Satoko , Shimizu Youichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction has been attracting attention due to its potential to improve the environment. In this study, we found that the combination of Co-phthalocyanine and pyrochlore-type Bi2Sn2O7 catalyst gave high catalytic activity for CO2 reduction, and devised a new electrocatalyst that combines them for their synergistic effects.
Spin–spin interaction in a highly stable neutral diradical: σ-boned dimer of trioxotriangulene
Authors: Murata Tsuyoshi , Ukai Shusaku , Yamaguchi Sawa , Furukawa Ko , Morita Yasushi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A σ-bonded dimer of 4,8,10-trioxotriangulene (TOT) was newly synthesized and its electronic spin structure was characterized. The neutral diradical had a singlet ground state due to the strong antiferromagnetic interaction through the σ-bond. The strong intramolecular interaction within the σ-dimer caused a near-infrared photoabsorption of around 700–1,000 nm, which is close to that of the π-stacked dimer of TOT monoradical.