bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realization and simulations of the new SPES Beam Cooler
Authors: Ruzzon A. , Maggiore M. , Roncolato C. , Ban G. , Cam J.F. , Gautier C. , Vandamme C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
One of the aim of the new project Selective Production of Exotic Species (SPES) is to produce and select new, neutron reach, isotopes [1,2,3,4]. The technique adopted to produce these species is the Isotope Selection On Line (ISOL) that postpones the separation of the isotopes after the beam production, using a High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS).
In order to allow a good separation of isotopes , the transverse emittance and the energy spread of the beam should have very low values, for this reason the Beam Cooler (BC) is located between the ISOL target, i.e. the beam source, and the HRMS.
In the SPES project, where heavy isotopes are expected (mass number >100), the spectrometer resolution must be preferably higher than dm/m = 5 × 10-5 and thus the features of the beam at the entrance of the HRMS should be at least εn

95% < 8.3 × 10-3
π mm mrad and σE
< 1.5 eV.
BC devices are devoted to improve the beam features in terms of emittance and energy spread. A new BC has been designed and realized by the Laboratoire de Physique Corpuscolaire (LPC) at Caen, France, for the SPES facility at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL), near Padova, Italy.
BCs cool down the beam thanks to a dissipative process in which the thermal energy passes from the beam ions to another medium whose constituent is typically much lighter, Helium gas in our case. This process takes place inside a confinement system that on the one hand to limit the spread of the cooling medium, and on the other to allow the beam to continue along the required trajectory, in the presented device it is a row of radio frequency quadrupoles in an almost closed chamber.
Some specifications of the BC described in this document: the RFQ is 723 mm long, its internal radius is 5 mm; the RFQ is included in the gas chamber which is 730 mm×280 mm×220 mm. Before it there is the injection part composed by, following the beam trajectory, a grounded pipe (388 mm long) and three focusing electrodes. On the opposite side there is the extraction part with two focusing electrodes.
This document presents the main features of the new BC together with the results of a preliminary study where the beam dynamic has been simulated. The analysis embeds also the investigation of the gas distribution inside and outside the BC.
The beam dynamic simulations are based on the Simion code [5] while the estimation of the gas distribution is computed with MolFlow+ [6].
Simulations show that accurately setting the BC leads to a large improvement of the emittance while the energy spread still needs to be improved. Limiting the gas pressure in the acceleration zone seems to allow the required final boost.
A Bayesian tune of the Herwig Monte Carlo event generator
Authors: La Cagnina Salvatore , Kröninger Kevin , Kluth Stefan , Verbytskyi Andrii 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The optimisation (tuning) of the free parameters of Monte
Carlo event generators by comparing their predictions with data is
important since the simulations are used to calculate experimental
efficiency and acceptance corrections, or provide predictions for
signatures of hypothetical new processes in experiments. We present
a tuning procedure that is based on Bayesian reasoning and that
allows for a proper statistical interpretation of the results. The
parameter space is fully explored using Markov Chain Monte Carlo. We
apply the tuning procedure to the Herwig7 event generator with both
the cluster and the string hadronization models and a large set of
measurements from hadronic Z-boson decays produced at LEP in
e
+
e
- collisions. Furthermore, we introduce a coherent
propagation of uncertainties from the realm of parameters to the
realm of observables and we show the effects of including
experimental correlations of the measurements. To allow comparison
with the approaches of other groups, we repeat the tuning
considering weights for individual measurements.
Macroplastic deposition and flushing in the Meuse river following the July 2021 European floods
Authors: Hauk Rahel , van Emmerik Tim H M , van der Ploeg Martine , de Winter Winnie , Boonstra Marijke , Löhr Ansje J , Teuling Adriaan J 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rivers play an important role in the macroplastics transport and retention dynamics in the environment. Therefore, gaining an understanding of these processes is vital in order to help determine the fate of macroplastic in the environment. During flood events the transport of floating macroplastic is known to increase. We compared plastic accumulation and flushing on sixteen riverbanks along the Dutch Meuse river during the period that includes the July 2021 extreme flood to plastic accumulation on the same riverbanks as during normal discharge conditions between 2018 and 2021. Here we show that following the flood small macroplastic categories (

<
2.5

cm) were flushed from the riverbanks, while larger soft plastic fragments (2.5–50 cm) and wet tissues were deposited. We found that for all plastic categories and for all riverbanks averaged, the plastic accumulation rate during the July 2021 flood was higher than that which would be expected for that time of year. However, the average accumulation rate for all locations during the period that included the flood was lower than the average accumulation rate over the Dutch winter (Oct/Nov–Feb/Mar). Our results show that litter category composition following the July 2021 flood differed from normal conditions. This indicates that plastic deposition and remobilization processes on riverbanks differ between extreme flood and annually average conditions. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the fate of macroplastic in the environment in terms of the drivers of both its transport and deposition.
Quantum reading of quantum information
Authors: Khabbazi Oskouei Samad , Mancini Stefano , Rexiti Milajiguli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We extend the notion of quantum reading to the case where the information to be retrieved, which is encoded into a set of quantum channels, is of quantum nature. We use two-qubit unitaries describing the system-environment interaction, with the initial environment state determining the system’s input-output channel and hence the encoded information. The performance of the most relevant two-qubit unitaries is determined with two different approaches: (i) one-shot quantum capacity of the channel arising between environment and system’s output; (ii) estimation of parameters characterizing the initial quantum state of the environment. The obtained results are mostly in (qualitative) agreement, with some distinguishing features that include the CNOT unitary.
Integration on minimal
Z22
-superspace and emergence of space
Authors: Aizawa N , Ito Ren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We investigate the possibilities of integration on the minimal

Z

2
2

-superspace. Two definitions are taken from the works by Poncin and Schouten and we examine their generalizations. It is shown that these definitions impose some restrictions on the integrable functions. We then introduce a new definition of integral, which is inspired by our previous work, and show that the definition does not impose restrictions on the integrable functions. An interesting feature of this definition is the emergence of a spatial coordinate which means that the integral is defined on

R

2

despite the fact that the

(
0
,
0
)

part of the minimal

Z

2
2

-superspace is

R

.
Malaria
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Malaria, possibly the most important infectious disease on the planet, is transmitted to humans through various species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Malaria tends to be endemic and rarely reaches out of the tropics, being limited by the ecological niche of its mosquito vectors. The most widespread strains of malaria are typically chronic and debilitating, rather than causing acute infection and death, but the cumulative impact of malaria on humanity is enormous. ‘Malaria’ considers the complexity of the disease; the history of human malaria; and the strategies employed against the disease, including the historical use of quinine to treat malaria and the insecticide DDT to control mosquito populations. More recent strategies include drugs such as chloroquine and artemisinin, household insecticide spraying and insecticide-treated bed nets, and vaccines to reduce childhood mortality. While single methods are ineffective for controlling or eradicating malaria, governments and agencies can deploy different combinations of tools that are appropriate to the local situation.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Its global impact comes from its transmissibility, its ability to be transmitted by asymptomatic people, and its intermediate virulence. Comparing the related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS viruses, which have caused severe disease without generating a pandemic, shows differences in both virulence (infection and case fatality rates) and transmissibility. The chapter considers whether SARS-CoV-2 spilled over into human populations through transmission between bats and humans or a leak from a virology lab. It describes how SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve in the human population, considering the transmission and virulence of the variants that emerged over the course of the pandemic. While lockdowns, distancing, and masking were the only control methods early in the pandemic, rapidly developed vaccines offer the possibility of keeping up with continued transmission and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 into the future.
Looking ahead
Authors: Wayne Marta L. , Bolker Benjamin M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how our understanding of how diseases are transmitted, and the development of vaccines and treatments that can close the compatibility filter, has revolutionized disease management. But what is the outlook for the future control of infectious diseases? A future free of infectious diseases is simply unrealistic. Living things have parasitized one another since the beginning of life itself, and will certainly continue to do so. New diseases will be created by mutation or recombination of existing ones, and existing diseases will continually evolve to escape our methods of control. Urbanization and population growth will change the ways in which we contact animal hosts, leading to new zoonoses. Controlling disease depends on combining strategies to prevent transmission and protect individuals, as well as communicating the importance of these efforts to the public. We can minimize the impact of diseases even if we can never fully eliminate them.
The existential question
Authors: Loughlin Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The unwritten and evolutionary character of the British constitution relies on tacit understandings that shape the values of its governing institutions. But a growing loss of faith by the political class in customary ways of governing is leading to a loss of trust in the authority of its inherited governing institutions. This has led successive governments to advance various reforms but, despite these, Britain is nowhere near to adopting a modern written constitution. In this sense, it might be asked whether there is any longer a British constitution.
Reconfiguring the state
Authors: Loughlin Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines how changes in the scope of British authority have affected constitutional principle. Nominally, all components of the empire were subordinate to illimitable parliamentary sovereignty, but in reality many informal constraints existed. The EU posed a further challenge to parliamentary sovereignty, since EU law superseded British law and its hyper-rationalist structure ran contrary to British constitutional practice. Since Brexit cannot restore the status quo ante, withdrawal complicates present arrangements, especially in relation to the UK’s devolution settlement. What relevance, the chapter asks, do modern concepts like state, citizen, and nation have to our understanding of the constitution today?
Civil liberty
Authors: Loughlin Martin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks at how rights and liberties have been guaranteed by the constitution. Blackstone divided liberty into three categories: personal security, personal liberty, and private property, to be upheld by Parliament, jury trial, and habeas corpus. Dicey believed in the rule of law, upheld by an implicit partnership between Parliament and the judiciary. With the modern extension of powers, the government’s administrative powers have come increasingly under the supervision of the courts, bringing legality closer to the core of the constitution. The growing influence of European human rights law has resulted in judges acting as guardians of enumerated rights, but recent government proposals seek to circumscribe that role.
The Occupation
Authors: Andrew Dudley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on French cinema during the Occupation by the Germans. Central offices (the COIC) monitored the streamlined exhibition and distribution of films. As the scam productions rife during the 1930s disappeared, average revenues grew, even though a third fewer films were made. Despite censorship, viewers stuck with French cinema, since there was little foreign competition. Escapist comedies, historical romances, and biopics dominated, but critics primarily focused on self-enclosed dark dramas, such as Robert Bresson’s Les Anges du péché, H.-G. Clouzot’s Le Corbeau, and Marcel Carné’s Les Visiteurs du soir. The latter’s Les Enfants du paradis, the grandest film of the era, opened just as the Germans capitulated and it was celebrated as representing France’s return to international acclaim in cinema.
Cahiers du Cinéma rewrites French cinema
Authors: Andrew Dudley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers how Cahiers du Cinéma rewrote French cinema. François Truffaut’s Un Certain tendence du cinéma français provoked outrage after he diagnosed French cinema as suffering aesthetic anaemia and needing a transfusion. Truffaut alleged that the directors and screenwriters ruling French cinema betrayed the art form because they betrayed the literary “Tradition of Quality” from which they presumptuously claimed to have descended. The chapter explores wavering distinctions between the authentic and the specious whereby adaptation need not always lead to mediocrity since it can help forge cinematic style—as in the case of Journal d’un curé de campagne. Because they took on serious subjects and novels, René Clément and Clouzot became embattled filmmakers in a cinematic cold war of the 1950s between the industry and the Cahiers du Cinéma critics. Among the auteurs the young critics supported were Jacques Becker and Jean-Pierre Melville. Their styles were in tune with the American cultural influence of the decade and a youthful verve which mainline directors had trouble imitating even when they used the fresh faces of Brigitte Bardot and Jeanne Moreau.
Looking at and beyond “le cinéma du look”
Authors: Andrew Dudley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the dominance of the cinéma du look after the popularity of Jean-Jacques Beineix’s Diva. Serge Daney campaigned against this splashy advertising (poster) style since it veers away from the cinema of discovery and depth that he, like Bazin, espoused. As French cinema tried to regain its lost prestige, it foregrounded visual style and continues to do so in its excellent animation sector. The chapter also considers alternatives to this florid mannerist style in stripped down, abstemious even, masochistic films. Thérèse (1986) and later Tous les matins du monde (1991) each reached the hearts of over a million French citizens, then played well outside the nation, despite being toned down, meditative biopics.
α-Tocotrienol in rice bran enhances steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cell via increased gene expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and induction of its mitochondrial translocation
Authors: Terada Naofumi , Nagase Tomoaki , Kayooka Hiromi , Adachi Yusuke , Kato Eisuke 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Rice is a staple food in the Asian region and one of the world's major energy sources. Testosterone is a steroid hormone that maintains physical, sexual, and cognitive ability, and its decline causes health problems like late-onset hypogonadism. Evaluation of various grain extracts showed rice bran to stimulate testosterone secretion from Leydig model cells. α-Tocotrienol was found as a bioactive compound in rice bran, and mechanistic analysis showed the stimulation of steroid hormone synthesis through enhanced gene expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein as well as inducing mitochondrial localization of the protein. Preliminary study showed an increasing trend in serum testosterone levels in mice by oral intake of α-tocotrienol. These results suggest that α-tocotrienol intake may be effective in preventing symptoms caused by low testosterone levels.
RBPMS regulates cardiomyocyte contraction and cardiac function through RNA alternative splicing
Authors: Gan Peiheng , Wang Zhaoning , Bezprozvannaya Svetlana , McAnally John R , Tan Wei , Li Hui , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Liu Ning , Olson Eric N 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
RNA binding proteins play essential roles in mediating RNA splicing and are key post-transcriptional regulators in the heart. Our recent study demonstrated that RBPMS (RNA binding protein with multiple splicing) is crucial for cardiac development through modulating mRNA splicing, but little is known about its functions in the adult heart. In this study, we aim to characterize the post-natal cardiac function of Rbpms and its mechanism of action.

Methods and results
We generated a cardiac-specific knockout mouse line and found that cardiac-specific loss of Rbpms caused severe cardiomyocyte contractile defects, leading to dilated cardiomyopathy and early lethality in adult mice. We showed by proximity-dependent biotin identification assay and mass spectrometry that RBPMS associates with spliceosome factors and other RNA binding proteins, such as RBM20, that are important in cardiac function. We performed paired-end RNA sequencing and RT–PCR and found that RBPMS regulates mRNA alternative splicing of genes associated with sarcomere structure and function, such as Ttn, Pdlim5, and Nexn, generating new protein isoforms. Using a minigene splicing reporter assay, we determined that RBPMS regulates target gene splicing through recognizing tandem intronic CAC motifs. We also showed that RBPMS knockdown in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes impaired cardiomyocyte contraction.

Conclusion
This study identifies RBPMS as an important regulator of cardiomyocyte contraction and cardiac function by modulating sarcomeric gene alternative splicing.
What about chronotropic incompetence in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction? Clinical and prognostic implications from the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes score dataset
Authors: Magrì Damiano , Gallo Giovanna , Piepoli Massimo , Salvioni Elisabetta , Mapelli Massimo , Vignati Carlo , Fiori Emiliano , Muthukkattil Melwyn Luis , Corrà Ugo , Metra Marco , Paolillo Stefania , Maruotti Antonello , Di Loro Pierfrancesco Alaimo , Senni Michele , Lagioia Rocco , Scrutinio Domenico , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio , Parati Gianfranco , Sinagra Gianfranco , Correale Michele , Badagliacca Roberto , Sciomer Susanna , Di Lenarda Andrea , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Filardi Pasquale Perrone 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Aims
Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is a strong predictor of outcome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, however no data on its clinical and prognostic impacts in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) are available. Therefore, the study aims to investigate, in a large multicentre HFmrEF cohort, the prevalence of CI as well as its relationship with exercise capacity and its prognostic role over the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters.

Methods and results
Within the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) database, we analysed data of 864 HFmrEF out of 1164 stable outpatients who performed a maximal CPET at the cycle ergometer and who had no significant rhythm disorders or comorbidities. The primary study endpoint was cardiovascular (CV) death. All-cause death was also explored. Chronotropic incompetence prevalence differed depending on the method (peak heart rate, pHR% vs. pHR reserve, pHRR%) and the cut-off adopted (pHR% from ≤75% to ≤60% and pHRR% ≤ 65% to ≤50%), ranging from 11% to 62%. A total of 84 (9.7%) CV deaths were collected, with 39 (4.5%) occurring within 5 years. At multivariate analysis, both pHR% [hazard ratio 0.97 (0.95–0.99), P &lt; 0.05] and pHRR% [hazard ratio 0.977 (0.961–0.993), P &lt; 0.01] were associated with the primary endpoint. A pHR% ≤ 75% and a pHRR% ≤ 50% represented the most accurate cut-off values in predicting the outcome.

Conclusion
The study suggests an association between blunted exercise-HR response, functional capacity, and CV death risk among patients with HFmrEF. Whether the CI presence might be adopted in daily HFmrEF management needs to be addressed in larger prospective studies.
Sexual selection buffers the negative consequences of population fragmentation on adaptive plastic responses to increasing temperatures
Authors: Iglesias-Carrasco Maider , Taboada Beatriz , Lozano Miguel , Carazo Pau , Garcia-Roa Roberto , Rodriguez-Exposito Eduardo , Garcia-Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Whether sexual selection facilitates or hampers the ability to plastically respond to novel environments might depend on population structure, via its effects on sexual interactions and associated fitness payoffs. Using experimentally evolved lines of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, we tested whether individuals evolving under different sexual selection (monogamy vs. polygamy) and population spatial structure (metapopulation vs. undivided populations) treatments differed in their response across developmental thermal conditions (control, hot, or stressful) in a range of fitness and fitness-associated traits. We found that individuals from subdivided populations had lower lifetime reproductive success at hot temperatures, but only in lines evolving under relaxed sexual selection, revealing a complex interaction between sexual selection, population structure, and thermal environmental stress on fitness. We also found an effect of population structure on several traits, including fertility and adult emergence success, under exposure to high thermal conditions. Finally, we found a strong negative effect of hot and stressful temperatures on fitness and associated traits. Our results show that population structure can exacerbate the impact of a warming climate, potentially leading to declines in population viability, but that sexual selection can buffer the negative influence of population subdivision on adaptation to warm temperatures.