bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of hydrogen peroxide and histamine on lung permeability and translocation of iridium nanoparticles in the isolated perfused rat lung
Authors: Meiring James J , Borm Paul JA , Bagate Karim , Semmler Manuela , Seitz Jürgen , Takenaka Shinji , Kreyling Wolfgang G 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Background
Translocation of ultrafine particles (UFP) into the blood that returns from the lungs to the heart has been forwarded as a mechanism for particle-induced cardiovascular effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the endothelial barrier in the translocation of inhaled UFP from the lung into circulation.

Methods
The isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL) was used under negative pressure ventilation, and radioactive iridium particles (18 nm, CMD, 192Ir-UFP) were inhaled during 60 minutes to achieve a lung burden of 100 – 200 μg. Particle inhalation was done under following treatments: i) control perfusion, ii) histamine (1 μM in perfusate, iii) luminal histamine instillation (1 mM), and iv) luminal instillation of H2O2. Particle translocation to the perfusate was assessed by the radioactivity of 192Ir isotope. Lung permeability by the use of Tc99m-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). In addition to light microscopic morphological evaluation of fixed lungs, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in perfusate were measured to assess epithelial and endothelial integrity.

Results
Particle distribution in the lung was homogenous and similar to in vivo conditions. No translocation of Ir particles at negative pressure inhalation was detected in control IPL, but lungs pretreated with histamine (1 μM) in the perfusate or with luminal H2O2 (0.5 mM) showed small amounts of radioactivity (2–3 % dose) in the single pass perfusate starting at 60 min of perfusion. Although the kinetics of particle translocation were different from permeability for 99mTc-DTPA, the pretreatments (H2O2, vascular histamine) caused similar changes in the translocation of particles and soluble mediator. Increased translocation through epithelium and endothelium with a lag time of one hour occurred in the absence of epithelial and endothelial damage.

Conclusion
Permeability of the lung barrier to UFP or nanoparticles is controlled both at the epithelial and endothelial level. Conditions that affect this barrier function such as inflammation may affect translocation of NP.
Data Mining mit Prozessdaten (Data Mining with Process Data)
Authors: Schuppert Andreas , Perne Rainer 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Durch die zunehmende Komplexität der Produktionsprozesse in innovativen Anwendungsfeldern wird die Prozessanalyse und -Modellierung vor neue Herausforderungen gestellt. Typische Problemfelder sind reaktive Feststoffprozesse, komplexe Polymerisationsprozesse und insbesondere biotechnologische Prozesse. Zur Analyse solcher extrem komplexer Systeme sind spezialisierte Verfahren verfügbar, die unter dem Sammelbegriff „Data Mining“ subsummiert werden. Sie erlauben eine zuverlässige Extraktion auch komplexer Muster mit hohem Informationsgehalt aus unstrukturierten Daten. Die für die Prozessanalyse relevanten softwaretechnischen und methodischen Aspekte des Data Mining werden diskutiert und entsprechende Anwendungsworkflows exemplarisch am Beispiel eines biotechnischen Produktionsprozesses sowie eines Polymerprozesses demonstriert.
Optimizing Trout Farm Effluent Treatment by Stabilizing Trout Feces: A Field Trial
Authors: Brinker Alexander , Koppe Wolfgang , Rösch Roland 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The following study investigates the effect of adding guar gum binder to a commercial extruded trout diet (Select P/Trouvit) in a land-based water-flow-through trout farm, analyzing the effects of binder-mediated fecal stabilization with respect to particle size distribution, nutrient retention, and the effectiveness of drum filtration of effluent. The experiments took place in a facility with two raceways of similar size and water flow rate and with similar stocks of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish in one raceway were fed Select P, while those in the other raceway received the same diet with the addition of guar gum. When the fish were given feed containing the dietary binder, feces were discharged in visibly and significantly larger particles. Furthermore, in effluent from the raceway in which fish were fed the diet plus binder, the particle-bound fractions of phosphorus and Kjeldahl nitrogen were increased at the expense of the respective dissolved fraction by about 18% and 8%, respectively, possibly reflecting a reduced leaching of nutrients from the larger particles. Drum filter removal efficiency was significantly higher for the effluents from the fish fed the binder-containing diet; for both total suspended solids and total phosphorus there was an improvement of about 40%. For total Kjeldahl nitrogen the improvement was about 17%. For the particulate fraction, removal values were even higher, efficiency improving about 47% for particulate phosphorus and 34% for particulate Kjeldahl nitrogen. The addition of the binder to the trout diet proved to be an effective means of improving mechanical effluent treatment and thus to developing environmentally sound fish production opportunities.
Written Parental Consent in School-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Research
Authors: Mathews Catherine , Guttmacher Sally J. , Flisher Alan J. , Mtshizana Yolisa , Hani Andiswa , Zwarenstein Merrick 
Published: June 2005

Objectives. We examined the process of obtaining “active,” written parental consent for a school-based HIV/AIDS prevention project in a South African high school by investigating (1) parental consent form return rates, (2) parents’ recall and knowledge of the research, and (3) the extent to which this consent procedure represented parents’ wishes about their child’s involvement in the research. Methods. This cross-sectional descriptive study comprised interviews with parents of children in grades eight and nine in a poor, periurban settlement in Cape Town. Results. Within 2 weeks, 94% of 258 parents responded to a letter requesting written consent and of those, 93% consented, but subsequent interviews showed that 65% remembered seeing the consent form. At the end of the interview, 99% consented to their child’s participation. Conclusions. These findings challenge many of the assumptions underlying active written parental consent. However, they should not be used to deny adolescents at high risk of HIV infection the opportunity to participate in prevention trials. Rather, researchers together with the communities in which the research is undertaken need to decide on appropriate informed consent strategies.
Immuno‐Spin Trapping: Detection of Protein‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Ramirez Dario C. , Mason Ronald P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractProtein‐centered radicals are involved in biological oxidative damage induced by drugs, environmental hazards, and cellular reactive oxygen species. Presently, the technique most widely used to study protein‐centered radicals is electron spin resonance (ESR; also known as electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR); used either directly or in combination with the spin‐trapping technique. Protein‐centered radicals may be trapped with the nitrone spin trap 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐oxide (DMPO) forming DMPO‐radical adducts. However, after a few minutes these adducts decay, often by oxidation to DMPO‐protein radical–derived nitrone adducts, which are ESR‐silent species. Because nitrone adducts are not free radicals and their formation involves the creation of a covalent linkage, they are stable long after the ESR signal decays. In the new alternative technique of immuno‐spin trapping, nitrone adducts are detected by using an antibody, i.e., anti‐DMPO, that recognizes their nitrone moiety. Immuno‐spin trapping is a simple, reliable, affordable, sensitive, and specific approach to detecting protein‐centered radicals, and its development brings the power of immunoassays to bear on the field of toxicology of free radical–mediated biological damage.
Guide for Resin and Linker Selection in Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Moss Jason A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFor both novice and experienced practitioners of solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), the vast selection of commercially available linkers and resins has become something of a babel. The purpose of this unit is to clarify the situation, which is best understood by distillation to first principles, through an appreciation of chemical trends and consequences, as well as practical considerations. The most commonly used linkers and resins are presented and described in detail, along with a description of their development and common applications. Key protocols are provided so that the user may prepare appropriate linker‐functionalized resins for the majority of peptide synthesis applications.
Synthesis of chloromethylstyrene‐tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate copolymer beads having various phenolic derivatives immobilized via amide bond and their antioxidation activity
Authors: Nonaka Takamasa , Maeda Shuuji , Ogata Tomonari , Nakashima Satoko , Kawasaki Tomonori , Kurihara Seiji 
Published: June 2005

AbstractResins having phenolic derivatives were prepared by treating a resin (RAS‐4G), having benzylamino groups, with benzoic acids containing phenolic hydroxyl groups. The RAS‐4G was prepared by treating macroreticular chloromethylstyrene‐tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (4G) copolymer beads with potassium phthalimide in N,N‐dimethylformamide, followed by reflux in an ethanol/hydrazine monohydrate mixture. 4‐Hydroxy benzoic acid, (2,4‐, 3,4‐, and 3,5‐)dihydroxy benzoic acids, 3,4,5‐trihydroxy benzoic acid, etc., were used as benzoic acids with phenolic hydroxyl groups. The antioxidation ability of the resins having phenolic derivatives was investigated against the generation of 1,4‐dioxane hydroperoxide. The resins showed high inhibition ability against the generation of hydroperoxide. In particular, the resin (RAS‐4G‐3,4‐DHBA) having two phenolic hydroxyl groups had the highest inhibition ability. The resins were found to act as radical scavengers during the generation of 1,4‐dioxane hydroperoxide by UV irradiation in the presence of oxygen. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2097–2104, 2005
Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto biomedical polyvinyl chloride initiated by Ce(IV)–glucose redox system
Authors: Mohanty H. , Singh B. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractGraft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto PVC was carried out using Ce(IV)–glucose redox system in aqueous sulfuric acid medium under nitrogen atmosphere. To find out the optimum conditions for grafting, effects of concentrations of metal ion, glucose, monomer, and acid on the percentage of grafting was studied. The graft yield was found to be influenced by reaction time, temperature, and amount of PVC. An appreciably high graft yield could be achieved with the present system. On the basis of the results from the present study, a plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2105–2111, 2005
Effect of fluorinated acrylate on the surface properties of cationic fluorinated polyurethane‐acrylate hybrid dispersions
Authors: Li Ganghui , Shen Yiding , Ren Qinghai 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCationic fluorinated polyurethane‐acrylate hybrid dispersions were prepared by the copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate in the medium of crosslinked polyurethane via phase inversion polymerization. The said polyurethane was synthesized in acetone from 2, 4‐tolyene diisocyanate, with N‐methyldiethanolamine as a hydrophilic chain‐extender, trimethylolpropane as a crosslinker, and soft polyester diol block. The surface properties, immersion behaviors, particle size, and Zeta potential of the dispersions were investigated. The results show that the particle size of the dispersion particle is less than 450 nm and the Zeta potential is more than 32.0 mV. The addition of fluorinated acrylate can decrease surface free energy by more than 47.43%, and FPUA films cured at ambient conditions have lower surface free energy (less than 0.02,002 J/m2). At the same time, there is an obvious mobility of fluorinated groups in the fluorinated polymer films. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2192–2196, 2005
Cocrystallization behavior of poly(n‐docosyl acrylate) with n‐docosanoic acid by X‐ray and differential scanning calorimetry studies
Authors: Saikia Prakash J. , Dass Narendra N. , Baruah Shashi D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCocrystallization behavior of comb‐like poly(n‐docosyl acrylate) (PDA) with n‐docosanoic acid (C22) has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods. The DSC curves of blended samples of neat PDA with C22 show the characteristic melting endotherms that correspond to the melting of the crystallites. DSC measurements of PDA/C22 blends also suggest the existence of another crystalline form induced by the addition of the C22. From the XRD measurements, the existence of hexagonally‐packed crystalline lattice and the phase behavior of PDA/C22 blends at different mole percent are confirmed. Thermal degradation behavior of PDA and its corresponding blends with C22 is studied by thermogravimetric analysis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2140–2146, 2005
Kinetic study of the atom transfer radical polymerization of n‐docosyl acrylate
Authors: Saikia Prakash J. , Dass Narendra N. , Baruah Shashi D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐docosyl acrylate (DA) was studied at 80°C in N,N‐dimethylformamide using the carbon tetrabromide/FeCl3/2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) initiator system in the presence of 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the source of reducing agent. The rate of polymerization exhibits first‐order kinetics with respect to the monomer. The linear relationship between the molecular weight of the resulting poly(n‐docosyl acrylate) with conversion and the narrow polydispersity of the polymers indicates the living characteristics of the polymerization reaction. The significant effect of AIBN on the ATRP of DA was studied keeping [FeCl3]/[bpy] constant. A probable reaction mechanism for the polymerization system is postulated to explain the observed results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2147–2154, 2005
The effects of carbonization temperature on the properties and structure of PAN‐based activated carbon hollow fiber
Authors: Sun Junfen , Wu Guangxiang , Wang Qingrui 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fibers were pretreated with ammonium dibasic phosphate and then further oxidized in air, carbonized in nitrogen, and activated with carbon dioxide. The effects of carbonization temperature of PAN hollow fiber precursor on the microstructure, specific surface, pore‐size distribution, and adsorption properties of PAN‐based carbon hollow fiber (PAN‐CHF) and PAN‐based activated carbon hollow fibers (PAN‐ACHF) were studied in this work. After the activation process, the surface area of the PAN‐ACHF increased very remarkably, reaching 900 m2 g−1 when carbonization is 1000°C, and the adsorption ratios to creatinine and VB12 of ACHF were much higher than those of CHF, especially to VB12. The different adsorption ratios to two adsorbates including creatinine and VB12 reflect the number of micropores and mesopores in PAN‐ACHF. The dominant pore sizes of mesopores in PAN‐ACHF are from 2 to 5 nm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2155–2160, 2005
Alkylated hyperbranched polymers as molecular nanosponges for the purification of water from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Arkas Michael , Eleades Lazaros , Paleos Constantinos M. , Tsiourvas Dimitris 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA series of hyperbranched polymers functionalized with long aliphatic chains has been prepared and characterized. The property of films prepared from these polymers to encapsulate lipophilic polyaromatic pollutants dissolved in water has been established. The level of pyrene and fluoranthene remaining in water after treatment ranged from 1 to 30 ppb for most of the hyperbranched polymers, while for the relatively more water‐soluble phenanthrene a final concentration of about 50 to 70 ppb could be attained. The inclusion formation constants determined for the polycyclic aromatics were 2.0 × 108–6.3 × 106 M−1 for pyrene, 1.2 × 107–1.6 × 106 M−1 for fluoranthene, and 3.8 × 106–4 × 105 M−1 for phenanthrene. The loading capacities depend on the nature of the polycyclic aromatic compounds and the chemical structure of the parent hyperbranched polymers, ranging from 6 to 31 mg/g of polymer for fluoranthene, 15–54 mg/g for phenanthrene, and 6–35 mg/g for pyrene. Regeneration of the absorbing films was achieved by their treatment with acetonitrile. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 2299–2305, 2005
A transporter for phenolamine uptake in the arthropod CNS
Authors: Donly B. Cameron , Caveney Stanley 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBiogenic monoamines play central roles in the nervous control of physiological processes in both vertebrates and invertebrates, each using a suite of neurotransmitters tailored through evolution. Among the ancillary proteins necessary for the deployment of monoamine transmitters are membrane‐bound transporters that enable the reuptake of synaptically released transmitters. Transporters responsible for monoamine uptake include a novel transporter discovered in a pest insect, the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, which has high affinity for the phenolamines octopamine and tyramine. Sequence analysis suggests that this transporter has no direct ortholog in the sequenced genomes of model invertebrates. We report here a preliminary investigation into the true extent of the distribution of this type of transporter using RT‐PCR with a set of degenerate primers selective for monoamine transporters on cDNAs made from the nervous systems of a range of arthropods. PCR products encoding the N‐terminal region of orthologs of this transporter were detected in a variety of insect orders, as well as in a crustacean, but were not found in representatives of either the Diptera or the Hymenoptera. Thus, although this transporter is widely expressed in invertebrates, there are various invertebrates that appear to have evolved alternate ways of recycling phenolamine neurotransmitters released at the nerve synapse. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 59:172–183, 2005. Canadian Crown Copyright 2005 Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of the ebony gene from the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana
Authors: Blenau Wolfgang , Baumann Arnd 
Published: June 2005

AbstractBiogenic amines are an important class of primary messengers in the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems and in peripheral organs. These substances regulate and modulate many physiological and behavioral processes. Various inactivation mechanisms for these substances exist to terminate biogenic amine‐mediated signal transduction. In vertebrates, the enzymes monoamine oxidase and/or catechol‐O‐methyl‐transferase are involved in these processes. In insects, however, in which both enzymes are low in abundance or absent, biogenic amines are inactivated mainly by N‐acetylation or O‐sulphation. In Drosophila, β‐alanyl conjugation mediated by the Ebony protein has recently been shown to be a novel and alternative pathway for biogenic amine inactivation. Here, we report the cloning of ebony cDNA (Peaebony) from a brain‐specific cDNA library of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 860 amino acid residues (PeaEbony). The PeaEbony polypeptide shares homology to Ebony sequences from Anopheles gambiae, Apis mellifera, and Drosophila melanogaster. In addition, PeaEbony exhibits sequence similarity to a family of microbial non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases. The mRNA encoding PeaEbony is highly expressed in the cockroach brain and to a lesser extent in the salivary glands. PeaEbony is, therefore, probably involved in the inactivation of various biogenic amines through β‐alanyl conjugation in the cockroach CNS. Since the salivary glands in Periplaneta are innervated by dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons, PeaEbony probably also biochemically modifies dopamine and serotonin in these acinar glands. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 59:184–195, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of a clinical index for assessment of long‐term damage in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Viola Stefania , Felici Enrico , Magni‐Manzoni Silvia , Pistorio Angela , Buoncompagni Antonella , Ruperto Nicolino , Rossi Federica , Bartoli Manuela , Martini Alberto , Ravelli Angelo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a clinical measure of articular and extraarticular damage in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsThe Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI), which is derived from physical examination and a brief review of the patient's clinical history, is composed of 2 parts: assessments of articular damage (JADI‐A) and extraarticular damage (JADI‐E). Instrument validation was accomplished by evaluating 158 JIA patients with disease duration of at least 5 years, seen consecutively over 21 months. The instrument's feasibility, face and content validity, construct and discriminative ability, internal consistency, and interrater reliability were examined.ResultsAmong the 158 JIA patients, 47% and 37% had articular and extraarticular damage, respectively. The JADI was found to be feasible and to possess both face and content validity. The JADI‐A score correlated highly with the number of joints with limited range of motion (Spearman's r [rS] = 0.72) and correlated moderately with the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire score (rS = 0.41), Steinbrocker functional classification (rS = 0.50), and Poznanski's score of radiographic damage (rS = −0.54), thereby demonstrating good construct validity. Correlations with the JADI‐E score were lower, owing to the heterogeneity of its items. The JADI‐A discriminated well among different levels of disability. The internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha) of the JADI‐A and JADI‐E was 0.93 and 0.59, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients between pairs of independent observers ranged from 0.85 to 0.97.ConclusionThe JADI exhibited good reliability, construct validity, and discriminative ability and is therefore a valid instrument for the assessment of long‐term damage in patients with JIA, in the context of both clinical management and research settings.
Lack of support for the presence of an osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p
Authors: Meenagh Gary K. , McGibbon David , Nixon James , Wright Gary D. , Doherty Michael , Hughes Anne E. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo replicate, in a Northern Irish population, the previously reported association between a locus on chromosome 6 and hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsPatients with hip OA were identified from a registry of patients who had undergone total hip replacement surgery over an 8‐year period at a single large orthopedic unit in Northern Ireland. Patients identified as index cases were contacted by mail and asked to reply only if another family member also had undergone total hip replacement surgery. Using this approach, we identified 288 sibling pairs concordant for primary hip OA. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and microsatellite markers were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subsequently genotyped.ResultsNo evidence of linkage to this region was demonstrated by either 2‐point analysis or multipoint analysis of 17 microsatellites.ConclusionThe reported association between a locus on chromosome 6 and hip OA could not be confirmed in this population. Different methods of ascertainment and phenotyping of OA may contribute to the current inability to replicate genetic associations for hip OA.