bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ product removal of ketoses by immobilized 3‐amino phenyl boronic acid: Effect of immobilization method on pH profile
Authors: Dukler Avinoam , Freeman Amihay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of polymeric derivatives of phenylboronic acid (PBA) as an effective means for specific in situ product removal of ketoses from aldose‐containing reaction mixtures, strongly depends on the retention of selective binding of ketoses exhibited by soluble PBA and 3‐amino PBA, by their polymeric, water insoluble analogs. In this communication we demonstrate that immobilization chemistry has a strong effect on ketose preferred binding by polymeric PBA derivatives. Our results indicate that for the preparation of an effective and more specific adsorbent, 3‐amino PBA should be coupled to the polymeric carrier via alkylamino chemistry and not via the commonly employed amido derivative. Immobilized alkylamino‐PBA exhibited selective fructose and xylulose binding throughout glucose and xylose isomerization processes at the pH range of 7.0–8.0. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 75: 25–28, 2001.
Analysis of menthol in three traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and their compound formulation by GC‐MS
Authors: Lin Ruimin , Tian Jing , Huang Ge , Li Tiechun , Li Famei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA GC‐MS method was developed for identification and determination of menthol in three traditional Chinese medicinal herbs and their compound formulation, a granule for treating colds. Volatile oil was simultaneously distilled and extracted into ethyl ether in a unique glass extractor. The separation was performed on an HP‐5 MS column. The standard addition method was used for quantitative determination of menthol content in herbal materials and in the granule. A component in the samples was chosen as the internal standard. The contents were calculated with the ratio of peak area percentage. Menthol was identified as the main component in Mentha haplocalyx Briq., and also existed in spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Folium perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and granules. The quantitative calibration range was 0.21–10.5 mg/mL. Good precision was demonstrated by an RSD < 4.0%. The mean content of menthol in Mentha haplocalyx Briq., spikes of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq., Folium perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and granules was 121, 0.234, 1.03 and 1.84 mg/kg respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing and studying the contribution of networks in environmental management and sustainable development
Authors: Roome Nigel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis special issue ofBusiness Strategy and the Environmentexamines the role and contribution of networks to environmental management and sustainable development. The paper has two main purposes. It situates networks and their contribution to environmental management and sustainable development within the tradition of meta‐problems and socio‐technical systems. This provides an important conceptual frame for the field. It offers a robust setting within which a number of other theories can be set. The need to establish this conceptual framing is particularly important, as the interest in networks from researchers and practitioners has progressed rapidly during the past five years. Moreover, it is anticipated that this interest in networks will continue to develop as the focus of attention moves from issues of environmental management, to sustainable development, and then on to the association between sustainable development and other forms of global change. The significance of these and other trends is identified. The paper also introduces the other four contributions to this special issue, which examine the role of networks from a number of theoretical and empirical perspectives. The paper concludes by drawing out a set of research themes that appear to deserve critical attention in the future. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Employment impacts of cleaner production – evidence from a German study using case studies and surveys
Authors: Pfeiffer Friedhelm , Rennings Klaus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe study assesses net employment effects of technical progress, which can be expected by the ongoing transition from end‐of‐pipe technologies towards cleaner production. Empirical evidence is presented on the basis of case studies and firm data including a telephone survey from German industry. The main result is that the transition from end‐of‐pipe technologies to cleaner production leads to a net creation of jobs, which is however restricted to a only small number of firms and to the group of highly skilled labour. Eco‐innovations, like other innovations, are non‐neutral. The demand for skilled and highly skilled labour rises while the demand for unskilled labour decreases. Synergies between environmental, labour market and innovation policy are apparent but they are however small and specific. The exploitation of these synergies requires the design of specific policy programmes differentiating between types of eco‐innovation. The promotion of product‐integrated environmental measures should be more successful if new products complement older ones, while process‐integrated environmental measures should be more successful if consumers' demand is more price elastic. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
What's in it for the customers? Successfully marketing green clothes
Authors: Meyer Arnt 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMost green marketing literature is strongly based on the assumption that a consumer's environmental awareness is a pre‐condition for green purchasing. While following such a ‘behaviouristic’ green marketing both scholars and companies seem to have neglected that green products are bought only if customers perceive the products as superior to competitors’ offerings. This paper argues that economic theory can give additional valuable input to green marketing. A first important step for marketing according to the economic approach is to identify how consumers perceive the products' cost and benefits. In this paper, cost and benefits are differentiated into different categories, which may help companies in finding their products' value added. In a second phase, companies can focus on stressing product advantages rather than on overcoming barriers. Using the example of green clothes this contribution shows what such a marketing strategy can look like. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Intimate partner stalking and femicide: urgent implications for women's safety
Authors: McFarlane Judith , Campbell Jacquelyn C. , Watson Kathy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study describes the type and extent of intimate partner stalking and threatening behaviors that occurred within 12 months prior to a major assault or attempted or actual partner femicide and specifies which behaviors were associated with an increased risk of potential or actual lethality. The design was a ten‐city case–control study of 821 women: 384 abuse victims and 437 attempted or actual femicide informants. Data were derived using a 16‐item inventory. Logistic regressions, with adjustments for demographic variables, were used to identify the significant perpetrator behaviors associated with attempted/actual femicide. Women who reported the perpetrator followed or spied on them were more than twice as likely to become attempted/actual femicide victims. Threats by the perpetrator to harm the children if the woman left or did not return to the relationship place the woman at a ninefold increase in the risk of attempted/actual femicide. Conclusions are that certain stalking and threatening behaviors are strong risk factors for lethality, and women must be so advised. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Horizontal and vertical integration of academic disciplines in the medical school curriculum
Authors: Vidic Branislav , Weitlauf Harry M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA rapid expansion of new scientific information and the introduction of new technology in operative and diagnostic medicine has marked the last several decades. Medical educators, because of and parallel to these developments, initiated a search for a more effective system of presenting core material to medical students. The new educational trends, although varying somewhat from one institution to another, concentrated on the following pedagogical shifts: 1) expansion of conceptual presentation of material at the expense of detail‐oriented education; 2) amplification of an integrated approach, as opposed to subject‐oriented instruction; 3) scheduling of elective courses to compliment required courses in the curriculum; and 4) institution of small group instruction (i.e., problem‐based learning) to actively involve students in the educational process and to develop deductive reasoning based on clinical cases. The future pedagogical system in medical schools will most likely be a combination of “classical” presentation of material combined with concept‐oriented, subject‐integrated and small group instruction based on either hypothetical or real clinical cases. It is imperative for the success of the new curriculum, however, that certain criteria are satisfied: 1) reorganize basic science departments to determine course ownership; 2) establish a reward system for teaching faculty; and 3) establish new course objectives. Clin. Anat. Month:233–235, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Maintaining front‐line workers in child protection: a case for refocusing supervision
Authors: Gibbs Judy A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper suggests that a refocusing of supervision be seen as one possible strategy for lowering high attrition rates among child protection workers. Research findings from a qualitative study undertaken in two rural regions in the State of Victoria, Australia illustrate that the current model of supervision gives insufficient attention to the emotional intrusiveness of the work, to building resilience in workers and the implications of adult learning theory. An argument is made for a refocusing of supervision which moves beyond task, encompassing much of what is already known from the supervision literature. The supervisor can be thought of as a messenger who must send and receive messages to and from workers. What message is sent and how supervisors respond to what they receive are critical if the objective is to retain front‐line staff. Critically, the supervisor must affirm both the merit and necessity of exploring the impact of feelings and thoughts on action and perception. A key message for supervisors to deliver is the value of individual workers to the organization, leading to increased self‐esteem and self‐efficacy. The paper also argues for adult learning via reflective supervision. This change to supervision involves a fundamental shift in organizational priorities and an acceptance throughout of the impact of anxiety on all those working in this field. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life on the streets: the experiences of community researchers in a study of prostitution
Authors: Boynton Petra M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWhilst community psychology has encouraged discussion of research processes and ways to improve studies, certain issues within community‐based research (particularly on sex topics) still require attention. This paper outlines a community study of women involved in street prostitution, and discusses issues arising from this research. By using extracts from the research report, along with researcher's diaries and taped conversations, the paper raises points for discussion concerning the process of sex‐research. For instance, training peer researchers, incorporating sex‐workers in research strategies, producing tangible results, and ethical issues. Strategies to improve research in general are then suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does contact with lesbians and gays lead to friendlier attitudes? a two year longitudinal study
Authors: Anderssen Norman 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAttitudes toward and contact with lesbian women and gay men were assessed through questionnaires in a 2‐year follow‐up study in a cohort of 511 Norwegian participants, 19 years of age at first data collection. A substantial proportion reported negative attitudes at baseline (between 39 and 63%) and two years later (between 32 and 59%), females being more positive than males. A majority reported having no contact with lesbian women or gay men either at 19 years of age (66–79%) or 2 years later (51–62%). Longitudinally, the measures were moderately stable (Pearson's r 0.43–0.73), and contact change was positively related to attitude change. Also, attitude change positively predicted contact change. The findings imply that efforts to reduce stigma associated with homosexuality are still needed among young people in Norway. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of vitamin C and zinc on osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation in zinc‐deficient haemodialysis patients
Authors: Candan Ferda , Gültekin Füsun , Candan Ferhan 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPeroxidation of the membrane lipid structure of red blood cell leads to haemolysis and anaemia in haemodialysis patients. Dietary constituents of antioxidant vitamins and trace elements may play an important role in protecting against oxidant damage. In this study, the effects of supplementation of vitamin C and zinc on osmotic fragility and lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes were investigated in 34 zinc‐deficient haemodialysis patients. Sixteen sex‐ and age‐matched normal volunteers acted as controls. Patients were randomized to receive vitamin C (250 mg day−1), zinc (20 mg day−1) or a placebo treatment for 3 months. The levels of vitamin C, zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA) and osmotic fragility were measured initially and 3 months after supplementation. Mean serum concentration of vitamin C and zinc increased significantly in the groups at the end of the respective study periods. Supplementation with vitamin C and zinc improved osmotic fragility, and decreased the level of MDA in the groups, but some side‐effects (i.e. nausea, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, weakness) were observed during the zinc treatment. The results showed that the supplementation of both treatments decreased osmotic fragilty and MDA in zinc‐deficient haemodialysis patients. However, vitamin C treatment was found to be safer than zinc supplementation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State Policy and Postsecondary Enrollment Options: Creating Seamless Systems
Authors: Boswell Katherine 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHundreds of thousands of secondary students across the nation—as many as 10 percent of high school students in some states—are participating in various forms of postsecondary enrollment options. State policymakers are considering a range of new policy options to accelerate student educational progress in light of projected demands for access to public colleges and universities by the "baby boom echo."
Directional atherectomy prior to stenting in bifurcation lesions: A matched comparison study with stenting alone
Authors: Karvouni Evangelia , Di Mario Carlo , Nishida Takahiro , Tzifos Vaios , Reimers Bernhard , Albiero Remo , Corvaja Nicola , Colombo Antonio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe ideal catheter‐based intervention for treatment of coronary lesions at bifurcation site still has to be defined. The aim of the study was to assess the acute and long‐term outcome after treatment of bifurcation lesions with directional atherectomy (DCA) and stenting in comparison with stenting alone. Thirty‐one consecutive patients treated for bifurcation coronary lesions (62 lesions) with DCA and stenting in at least one branch (DCA group) were compared with a matched group of 31 patients with bifurcation coronary lesions (62 lesions) treated with stenting alone in at least one branch (non‐DCA group). Procedural success was 87.1% in the DCA group compared with 100% in the non‐DCA group (P = 0.03). In‐hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred only in the DCA group (12.9% vs. 0%, P = 0.03), mainly non–Q‐wave myocardial infarction. After the procedure, minimum lumen diameter (MLD) and acute gain were significantly greater (P = 0.004 and P = 0.05, respectively) and % diameter stenosis was significantly lower (P = 0.05) in the main branch in the DCA group. At follow‐up angiogram, MLD in the main branch was still significantly greater in the DCA group compared to the non‐DCA group (2.31 vs. 1.65, respectively, P = 0.04), with no significant difference in late loss and loss index between the two groups. Restenosis rate was 28.8% in the DCA group vs. 43.5% in the non‐DCA group (P = 0.13). The incidence of follow‐up MACE was 29% in the DCA group compared with 48.4% in the non‐DCA group, mainly due to target lesion revascularization. In conclusion, treatment of bifurcation coronary lesions with DCA and stenting was associated with greater acute gain after the procedure and greater MLD at follow‐up in the main branch compared with stenting alone. Procedural myocardial infarction was more frequent in the DCA group. Restenosis rates and follow‐up MACE were lower following DCA and stenting, without reaching any statistical significance. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;53:12–20. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution in the practice of primary angioplasty: Effect of adjunctive coronary stenting and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors on long‐term outcomes
Authors: Kalaria Vijay G. , Chaudhary Imran , Jacobson Seth , Pomerantz Richard M. , Cove Christopher J. , Ling Frederick S. , Cutlip Donald E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrimary angioplasty strategies have evolved dramatically, including increasing adjunctive use of stents and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to examine the specific effects of these adjunctive therapies on long‐term outcomes after primary angioplasty. From 1996 to 1998, 257 unselected, consecutive patients underwent primary PTCI at our institution. In‐hospital mortality was 5.4% (2.9% for patients without cardiogenic shock). The remaining 243 patients were followed for 2.0 ± 0.7 years. Adjunctive stenting was associated with increased late mortality (8.7% vs. 2.3%, P = 0.02). GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors were associated with reduced late mortality among patients receiving stents (6.9% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.07), but not in those patients treated with balloon angioplasty alone (2.9% vs. 0%, P > 0.20). Coronary stenting remained a significant predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio 5.6, 95% CI 1.5–21.2) after adjustment for other established risk factors. In this unselected series, adjunctive coronary stenting was associated with higher late mortality among hospital discharge survivors. Concomitant GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors partially corrected for this increase. These results are limited by the small sample size and retrospective design of this study. Additional long‐term studies are required to test these findings and evaluate for possible mechanisms. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;54:327–332. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereospecificity and stereoselectivity of flobufen metabolic profile in male rats in vitro and in vivo: Phase I of biotransformation
Authors: Wsól Vladimír , Král Radim , Skálová Lenka , Szotáková Barbora , Trejtnar František , Flieger Miroslav 
Published: August 2002

AbstractFlobufen (F) is the original nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) containing two enantiomers. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the biotransformation pathway of F at chiral level in phase I of biotransformation. Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity of the respective enzymes were studied in male rats in vitro (microsomal and cytosolic fractions, hepatocytes suspension) and in vivo. The rac‐F, (+)‐R‐F and (−)‐S‐F were used as substrates. Amounts of F enantiomers, 4‐dihydroflobufen diastereoisomers (DHF) and other metabolites (M‐17203, UM) were determined with a chiral HPLC method in two chromatographic runs on R,R‐ULMO and allyl‐terguride bonded columns. Stereoselective biotransformation of the two enantiomers of F was observed at all tested levels and significant bidirectional chiral inversion of enantiomers of F was observed in hepatocytes. Mean enantiomeric ratios of F concentrations (S‐/R‐), after rac‐F incubations, ranging from 1.09 in cytosolic fraction to 18.23 in hepatocytes. Stereospecificity of the respective F reductases was also observed. (2R;4S)‐DHF and (2S;4S)‐DHF are the principal metabolites of F in microsomes and hepatocytes. Neither DHF diastereoisomers nor M‐17203 were found in cytosolic fraction. Only the nonchiral metabolite, M‐17203, was found in all urine and feces samples after oral administration of F. Chirality 13:754–759, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of L‐threonine aldolase‐catalyzed reaction to the preparation of protected 3R,5R‐dihydroxy‐L‐homoproline as a mimetic of idulonic acid
Authors: Miura Tsuyoshi , Kajimoto Tetsuya 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA facile synthesis of 3R,5R‐dihydroxy‐L‐homoproline as idulonic acid mimic, of which the carboxyl and 3‐hydroxyl groups were protected, was attained using L‐threonine aldolase‐catalyzed reaction. Idulonic acid is a key acidic sugar of the b‐FGF binding domain in heparin and heparan sulfate. Moreover, the synthetic precursor of N‐acetyl‐4‐deoxy‐D‐mannosamine, which is a potent inhibitor of NeuAc synthase, was prepared from the side product of the enzymatic aldol condensation. Chirality 13:577–580, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of flagellar dynein by the axonemal central apparatus
Authors: Smith Elizabeth F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNumerous studies indicate that the central apparatus, radial spokes, and dynein regulatory complex form a signaling pathway that regulates dynein activity in eukaryotic flagella. This regulation involves the action of several kinases and phosphatases anchored to the axoneme. To further investigate the role of the central apparatus in this signaling pathway, we have taken advantage of a microtubule‐sliding assay to assess dynein activity in central apparatus defective mutants of Chlamydomonas. Axonemes isolated from both pf18 and pf15 (lacking the entire central apparatus) and from pf16 (lacking the C1 central microtubule) have reduced microtubule‐sliding velocity compared with wild‐type axonemes. Based on functional analyses of axonemes isolated from radial spokeless mutants, we hypothesized that inhibitors of casein kinase 1 (CK1) and cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) would rescue dynein activity and increase microtubule‐sliding velocity in central pairless mutants. Treatment of axonemes isolated from both pf18 and pf16 with DRB, a CK1 inhibitor, but not with PKI, a PKA inhibitor, restored dynein activity to wild‐type levels. The DRB‐induced increase in dynein‐driven microtubule sliding was inhibited if axonemes were first incubated with the phosphatase inhibitor, microcystin. Inhibiting CK1 in pf15 axonemes, which lack the central pair as well as PP2A [Yang et al., 2000: J. Cell Sci. 113:91–102], did not increase microtubule‐sliding velocity. These data are consistent with a model in which the central apparatus, and specifically the C1 microtubule, regulate dynein through interactions with the radial spokes that ultimately alter the activity of CK1 and PP2A. These data are also consistent with localization of axonemal CK1 and PP2A near the dynein arms. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:33–42, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducing precocious anaphase in cultured mammalian cells
Authors: Canman Julie C. , Salmon E.D. , Fang Guowei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe spindle checkpoint, which prevents anaphase onset upon spindle damage or incorrect chromosome alignment, presents a problem for experimental analysis of protein function in anaphase and cytokinesis. This is because the functional disruption of many proteins before anaphase onset can activate this checkpoint, preventing anaphase and subsequent cell cycle events. This paper compares new and old methods of overriding the spindle checkpoint in prometaphase mammalian tissue culture cells. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:61–65, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.