bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bound States of a Short-Range Defect on the Surface of an Intrinsic Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulator in a Noncollinear Phase
Authors: Men’shov V. N. , Chulkov E. V. 
Published: January 2024

The features of electronic states on the surface of an intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulator (AFM TI) containing defects are theoretically investigated. Our approach takes into account the role of the electrostatic potential and the variation in the orientation of magnetic moments in the near-surface layers. A change in the spectral characteristics of the surface states under the transformation of magnetization from an equilibrium AFM phase of A-type to a ferromagnetic phase through a noncollinear texture is described. It is shown that in AFM TI with uniaxial anisotropy, an external magnetic field applied along the easy axis can cause a significant modulation of the exchange gap size in the spectrum of surface states and even invert the gap sign. Modeling the single defect effect as a surface potential perturbation over a finite scale, we analytically investigate the formation of a bound state and its behavior depending on the strength of potential and exchange scattering by the defect and the exchange gap size. The energy level of the bound state is demonstrated to experience a sharp shift in the vicinity of the spin-flop transition. The theoretical results obtained allow us to provide a consistent explanation of recent experimental data on scanning tunneling spectroscopy of antisite defects on the surface of the prototype AFM TI MnBi2Te4 in an external magnetic field.
Evaluating workforce needs: an investigation of healthcare professionals’ attitudes, beliefs and preparedness towards the management of Para athlete mental health at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games
Authors: Runciman Phoebe , Eken Maaike , van der Hoven Helene , Badenhorst Marelise , Blauwet Cheri , Gouttebarge Vincent , Swartz Leslie , Derman Wayne 
Published: January 2024

ObjectivesTo examine healthcare professionals (HCPs) attitudes, beliefs and preparedness towards the management of Para athlete mental health during the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games.MethodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted. National Paralympic Committee’s HCPs (n=857) working at the Tokyo 2020 and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Games were invited to respond to an anonymous online survey regarding the management of Para athlete mental health in their team. Data were analysed using descriptive frequency statistics.ResultsThe survey was completed by 256 HCPs (30% of respondents). Most HCPs agreed that mental health was a concern in Para athletes (n=210; 82%). However, half (n=122; 48%) agreed that they did not screen Para athletes for mental health symptoms, and half (n=130; 51%) agreed that there was increased stigma around disclosure of mental health symptoms among Para athletes, compared with athletes without disability. Most HCPs (n=221; 86%) agreed they wanted to improve their knowledge and skills surrounding athlete mental healthcare. Culturally sensitivite, non-discriminatory and contextual factors were highlighted as desired areas of education for HCPs and active information dissemination for Para athletes.ConclusionHCPs working at the Paralympic Games considered Para athlete mental healthcare important and reported perceived stigma, yet indicated low rates of mental health screening. Most respondents expressed the need for mental health education. Culturally sensitive training and active education strategies should be implemented to optimally manage Para athlete mental health.
Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 primary vaccines and boosters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Hungary (HUN-VE 4 Study)
Authors: Molnár Gergő A , Vokó Zoltán , Sütő Gábor , Rokszin György , Nagy Dávid , Surján György , Surján Orsolya , Nagy Péter , Kenessey István , Wéber András , Pálosi Mihály , Müller Cecília , Kásler Miklós , Wittmann István , Kiss Zoltan 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection and is associated with increased risk of complications. The present study aimed to investigate effectiveness and persistence of different COVID vaccines in persons with or without diabetes during the Delta wave in Hungary.Research design and methodsData sources were the national COVID-19 registry data from the National Public Health Center and the National Health Insurance Fund on the total Hungarian population. The adjusted incidence rate ratios and corresponding 95% CIs were derived from a mixed-effect negative binomial regression model.ResultsA population of 672 240 cases with type 2 diabetes and a control group of 2 974 102 non-diabetic persons free from chronic diseases participated. Unvaccinated elderly persons with diabetes had 2.68 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.91) times higher COVID-19-related mortality rate as the ‘healthy’ controls. Primary immunization effectively equalized the risk of COVID-19 mortality between the two groups. Vaccine effectiveness declined over time, but the booster restored the effectiveness against mortality to over 90%. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness of the primary Pfizer-BioNTech against infection in the 14–120 days of postvaccination period was 71.6 (95% CI 66.3 to 76.1)% in patients aged 65–100 years with type 2 diabetes and 64.52 (95% CI 59.2 to 69.2)% in the controls. Overall, the effectiveness tended to be higher in individuals with diabetes than in controls. The booster vaccines could restore vaccine effectiveness to over 80% concerning risk of infection (eg, patients with diabetes aged 65–100 years: 89.1 (88.1–89.9)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, controls 65–100 years old: 86.9 (85.8–88.0)% with Pfizer-on-Pfizer, or patients with diabetes aged 65–100 years: 88.3 (87.2–89.2)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm, controls 65–100 years old: 87.8 (86.8–88.7)% with Pfizer-on-Sinopharm).ConclusionsOur data suggest that people with type 2 diabetes may have even higher health gain when getting vaccinated as compared with non-diabetic persons, eliminating the marked, COVID-19-related excess risk of this population. Boosters could restore protection.
Proton pump inhibitors alter gut microbiota by promoting oral microbiota translocation: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Xiao Xue , Zhang Xian , Wang Jin , Liu Yuqiang , Yan Hailin , Xing Xiaocun , Yang Jinlin 
Published: January 2024

Background
The mechanism by which proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) alter gut microbiota remains to be elucidated. We aimed to learn whether PPI induced gut microbiota alterations by promoting oral microbial translocation.

Methods
Healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned: PP group (n=8, 40 mg esomeprazole daily for seven days) and PM group (n=8, 40 mg esomeprazole along with chlorhexidine mouthwash after each meal for seven days). Fecal and saliva samples were analysed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Mouse models were introduced to confirm the findings in vivo, while the effect of pH on oral bacteria proliferation activity was investigated in vitro.

Results
Taxon-based analysis indicated that PPI administration increased Streptococcus abundance in gut microbiota (P<0.001), and the increased species of Streptococcus were found to be from the oral site or oral/nasal sites, in which Streptococcus anginosus was identified as the significantly changed species (P<0.004). Microbial source tracker revealed that PPI significantly increased the contribution of oral bacteria to gut microbiota (P=0.026), and no significant difference was found in PM group (P=0.467). Compared to the baseline, there was a 42-fold increase in gut abundance of Streptococcus anginosus in PP group (P=0.002), and the times decreased to 16-fold in PM group (P=0.029). Mouse models showed that combination of PPI and Streptococcus anginosus significantly increased the gut abundance of Streptococcus anginosus compared with using PPI or Streptococcus anginosus only. Furthermore, Streptococcus anginosus cannot survive in vitro at a pH lower than 5.

Conclusions
PPIs altered gut microbiota by promoting oral-originated Streptococcus translocation into gut.
Development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against DKK1 peptide-HLA-A2 complex to treat human cancers
Authors: Qian Jianfei , Wang Qiang , Xiao Liuling , Xiong Wei , Xian Miao , Su Pan , Yang Maojie , Zhang Chuanchao , Li Yabo , Zhong Ling , Ganguly Siddhartha , Zu Youli , Yi Qing 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundTargeted immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an effective and safe method for the treatment of malignancies. Development of mAbs with improved cytotoxicity, targeting new and known tumor-associated antigens, therefore continues to be an active research area. We reported that Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is a good target for immunotherapy of human cancers based on its wide expression in different cancers but not in normal tissues. As DKK1 is a secreted protein, mAbs binding directly to DKK1 have limited effects on cancer cells in vivo.MethodsThe specificity and antibody-binding capacity of DKK1-A2 mAbs were determined using indirect ELISA, confocal imaging, QIFIKIT antibody-binding capacity and cell surface binding assays. The affinity of mAbs was determined using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. A flow cytometry-based cell death was performed to detect tumor cell apoptosis. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays were used to evaluate the ability of DKK1-A2 mAbs to mediate ADCC and CDC activities against tumor cells in vitro. Flow cytometry data were collected with an FACSymphony A3 cell analyzer and analyzed with FlowJo V.10.1 software. Human cancer xenograft mouse models were used to determine the in vivo therapeutic efficacy and the potential safety and toxicity of DKK1-A2 mAbs. In situ TUNEL assay was performed to detect apoptosis in tumors and mouse organs.ResultsWe generated novel DKK1-A2 mAbs that recognize the DKK1 P20 peptide presented by human HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) molecules (DKK1-A2 complexes) that are naturally expressed by HLA-A2+DKK1+cancer cells. These mAbs directly induced apoptosis in HLA-A2+DKK1+hematologic and solid cancer cells by activating the caspase-9 cascade, effectively lysed the cancer cells in vitro by mediating CDC and ADCC and were therapeutic against established cancers in their xenograft mouse models. As DKK1 is not detected in most human tissues, DKK1-A2 mAbs neither bound to or killed HLA-A2+blood cells in vitro nor caused tissue damage in tumor-free or tumor-bearing HLA-A2-transgenic mice.ConclusionOur study suggests that DKK1-A2 mAbs may be a promising therapeutic agent to treat human cancers.
Biomarkers of pembrolizumab efficacy in advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of a phase II clinical trial and a cohort of long-term responders
Authors: Huffman Brandon M , Singh Harshabad , Ali Lestat R , Horick Nora , Wang S Jennifer , Hoffman Megan T , Metayer Katherine A , Murray Shayla , Bird Alexandra , Abrams Thomas A , Biller Leah H , Chan Jennifer A , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A , McCleary Nadine J , Goessling Wolfram , Patel Anuj K , Wisch Jeffrey S , Yurgelun Matthew B , Mouw Kent , Reardon Brendan , Van Allen Eliezer M , Zerillo Jessica A , Clark Jeffrey W , Parikh Aparna , Mayer Robert J , Schlechter Benjamin , Ng Kimmie , Kumar Sunil , Del Vecchio Fitz Catherine , Kuperwasser Charlotte , Hanna Glenn J , Coveler Andrew L , Rubinson Douglas A , Welsh Emma L , Pfaff Kathleen , Rodig Scott , Dougan Stephanie K , Cleary James M 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundRecent trials suggest that programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-directed immunotherapy may be beneficial for some patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma and biomarkers predictive of response are greatly needed.MethodsThis multicenter phase II clinical trial (NCT02919969) enrolled patients with metastatic or locally advanced incurable anal squamous cell carcinoma (n=32). Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint of the trial was objective response rate (ORR). Exploratory objectives included analysis of potential predictive biomarkers including assessment of tumor-associated immune cell populations with multichannel immunofluorescence and analysis of circulating tumor tissue modified viral-human papillomavirus DNA (TTMV-HPV DNA) using serially collected blood samples. To characterize the clinical features of long-term responders, we combined data from our prospective trial with a retrospective cohort of patients with anal cancer treated with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy (n=18).ResultsIn the phase II study, the ORR to pembrolizumab monotherapy was 9.4% and the median progression-free survival was 2.2 months. Despite the high level of HPV positivity observed with circulating TTMV-HPV DNA testing, the majority of patients had low levels of tumor-associated CD8+PD-1+ T cells on pretreatment biopsy. Patients who benefited from pembrolizumab had decreasing TTMV-HPV DNA scores and a complete responder’s TTMV-HPV DNA became undetectable. Long-term pembrolizumab responses were observed in one patient from the trial (5.3 years) and three patients (2.5, 6, and 8 years) from the retrospective cohort. Long-term responders had HPV-positive tumors, lacked liver metastases, and achieved a radiological complete response.ConclusionsPembrolizumab has durable efficacy in a rare subset of anal cancers. However, despite persistence of HPV infection, indicated by circulating HPV DNA, most advanced anal cancers have low numbers of tumor-associated CD8+PD-1+ T cells and are resistant to pembrolizumab.
Vesicle condensation induced by synapsin: condensate size, geometry, and vesicle shape deformations
Authors: Alfken Jette , Neuhaus Charlotte , Major András , Taskina Alyona , Hoffmann Christian , Ganzella Marcelo , Petrovic Arsen , Zwicker David , Fernández-Busnadiego Rubén , Jahn Reinhard , Milovanovic Dragomir , Salditt Tim 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We study the formation of vesicle condensates induced by the protein synapsin, as a cell-free model system mimicking vesicle pool formation in the synapse. The system can be considered as an example of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in biomolecular fluids, where one phase is a complex fluid itself consisting of vesicles and a protein network. We address the pertinent question why the LLPS is self-limiting and stops at a certain size, i.e., why macroscopic phase separation is prevented. Using fluorescence light microscopy, we observe different morphologies of the condensates (aggregates) depending on the protein-to-lipid ratio. Cryogenic electron microscopy then allows us to resolve individual vesicle positions and shapes in a condensate and notably the size and geometry of adhesion zones between vesicles. We hypothesize that the membrane tension induced by already formed adhesion zones then in turn limits the capability of vesicles to bind additional vesicles, resulting in a finite condensate size. In a simple numerical toy model we show that this effect can be accounted for by redistribution of effective binding particles on the vesicle surface, accounting for the synapsin-induced adhesion zone.

Graphic abstract
The Quantum Technology Open Master: widening access to the quantum industry
Authors: Goorney Simon , Sarantinou Matoula , Sherson Jacob 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this article we conceive of the Open Master, a new form of Transnational Education, as a means of enhancing accessibility to specialist expertise in Quantum Technology. Through participatory action research conducted during the setup and operation of a pan-European pilot project, the QTEdu Open Master (QTOM), we examine the viability of this educational model to offer flexible learning opportunities to STEM Master’s students through the setup and year-long operation of an online course exchange platform. A crucial lynchpin in the Open Master model are the mechanisms of local accreditation available for the awarding of credit, which we divide into distinct course types varying in formality and applicability. Furthermore, we have elucidated the strategies taken by staff to successfully implement the Open Master and benefit from its transformative value, building long-lasting communities within and between faculty, and scaling up educational offerings across Europe. With this research, we reflect on a possible future for QT Education.
Eyes Wide Open: Sleep as a Potential Contributor to Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer
Authors: Barber Lauren E. , McCullough Lauren E. , Johnson Dayna A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
U.S. racial and ethnic minoritized groups face disproportionate cancer burdens compared to White Americans. Investigating modifiable factors, such as sleep, that are socially patterned and inequitably distributed by race and ethnicity may advance understanding of cancer disparities and provide intervention opportunities. Emerging data suggest poor sleep health is associated with cancer. Yet, its contribution to racial and ethnic cancer disparities is understudied. In this narrative review, we explored the sleep–cancer relation through a disparities lens. We (i) summarized literature reporting on associations between sleep and cancer among racial and ethnic minority populations; (ii) examined potential sleep–cancer mechanisms; and (iii) discussed future directions. We identified five studies reporting on sleep–cancer associations among minoritized groups. Poor sleep health was associated with aggressive breast cancer among Black women, increased breast cancer risk among Asian women, and increased risk of breast and total cancer among Hispanic/Latinx Americans. Sleep and cancer disparities have similar socioeconomic and behavioral determinants, suggesting racial and ethnic minoritized groups may be vulnerable to poor sleep health and its adverse health impacts. Evidence indicates that the sleep–cancer disparities relation is an emerging, but important area of research that warrants further investigation, as sleep may be an avenue for reducing cancer disparities.
The Past and Future of Inflammation as a Target to Cancer Prevention
Authors: Antonucci Laura , Karin Michael 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Inflammation is an essential defense mechanism in which innate immune cells are coordinately activated on encounter of harmful stimuli, including pathogens, tissue injury, and toxic compounds and metabolites to neutralize and eliminate the instigator and initiate healing and regeneration. Properly terminated inflammation is vital to health, but uncontrolled runaway inflammation that becomes chronic begets a variety of inflammatory and metabolic diseases and increases cancer risk. Making damaged tissues behave as “wounds that do not heal” and sustaining the production of growth factors whose physiologic function is tissue healing, chronic inflammation accelerates cancer emergence from premalignant lesions. In 1863, Rudolf Virchow, a leading German pathologist, suggested a possible association between inflammation and tumor formation, but it took another 140 years to fully elucidate and appreciate the tumorigenic role of inflammation. Key findings outlined molecular events in the inflammatory cascade that promote cancer onset and progression and enabled a better appreciation of when and where inflammation should be inhibited. These efforts triggered ongoing research work to discover and develop inflammation-reducing chemopreventive strategies for decreasing cancer risk and incidence.
Genome-Wide Genetic Associations Prioritize Evaluation of Causal Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Disease Risk
Authors: Quertermous Thomas , Li Daniel Yuhang , Weldy Chad S. , Ramste Markus , Sharma Disha , Monteiro João P. , Gu Wenduo , Worssam Matthew D. , Palmisano Brian T. , Park Chong Y. , Cheng Paul 
Published: January 2024

OBJECTIVE:
The goal of this review is to discuss the implementation of genome-wide association studies to identify causal mechanisms of vascular disease risk.

APPROACH AND RESULTS:
The history of genome-wide association studies is described, the use of imputation and the creation of consortia to conduct meta-analyses with sufficient power to arrive at consistent associated loci for vascular disease. Genomic methods are described that allow the identification of causal variants and causal genes and how they impact the disease process. The power of single-cell analyses to promote genome-wide association studies of causal gene function is described.

CONCLUSIONS:
Genome-wide association studies represent a paradigm shift in the study of cardiovascular disease, providing identification of genes, cellular phenotypes, and disease pathways that empower the future of targeted drug development.
Food Intake Suppresses ApoB Secretion and Fractional Catabolic Rates in Humans
Authors: Zheng Chunyu , Andraski Allison B. , Khoo Christina , Furtado Jeremy D. , Sacks Frank M. 
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:
Humans spend much of the day in the postprandial state. However, most research and clinical guidelines on plasma lipids pertain to blood drawn after a 12-hour fast. We aimed to study the metabolic differences of apoB lipoproteins between the fasting and postprandial states.

METHODS:
We investigated plasma apoB metabolism using stable isotope tracers in 12 adult volunteers under fasting and continuous postprandial conditions in a randomized crossover study. We determined the metabolism of apoB in multiple lipoprotein subfractions, including light and dense VLDLs (very-low-density lipoproteins), IDLs (intermediate-density lipoproteins), and light and dense LDLs (low-density lipoproteins) that do or do not contain apoE or apoC3.

RESULTS:
A major feature of the postprandial state is 50% lower secretion rate of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and concurrent slowdown of their catabolism in circulation, as shown by 34% to 55% lower rate constants for the metabolic pathways of conversion by lipolysis from larger to smaller lipoproteins and direct clearance of lipoproteins from the circulation. In addition, the secretion pattern of apoB lipoprotein phenotypes was shifted from particles containing apoE and apoC3 in the fasting state to those without either protein in the postprandial state.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, during the fasting state, hepatic apoB lipoprotein metabolism is activated, characterized by increased production, transport, and clearance. After food intake, endogenous apoB lipoprotein metabolism is globally reduced as appropriate to balance dietary input to maintain the supply of energy to peripheral tissues.