bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐guided Authoring of Procedural Models of Shapes
Authors: Hossain Ishtiaque , Shen I‐Chao , Igarashi Takeo , van Kaick Oliver 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProcedural models enable the generation of a large amount of diverse shapes by varying the parameters of the model. However, writing a procedural model for replicating a collection of reference shapes is difficult, requiring much inspection of the original and replicated shapes during the development of the model. In this paper, we introduce a data‐guided method for aiding a programmer in creating a procedural model to replicate a collection of reference shapes. The user starts by writing an initial procedural model, and the system automatically predicts the model parameters for reference shapes, also grouping shapes by how well they are approximated by the current procedural model. The user can then update the procedural model based on the given feedback and iterate the process. Our system thus automates the tedious process of discovering the parameters that replicate reference shapes, allowing the programmer to focus on designing the high‐level rules that generate the shapes. We demonstrate through qualitative examples and a user study that our method is able to speed up the development time for creating procedural models of 2D and 3D man‐made shapes.
Efficient Interpolation of Rough Line Drawings
Authors: Chen J. , Zhu X. , Even M. , Basset J. , Bénard P. , Barla P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn traditional 2D animation, sketches drawn at distant keyframes are used to design motion, yet it would be far too labor‐intensive to draw all the inbetween frames to fully visualize that motion. We propose a novel efficient interpolation algorithm that generates these intermediate frames in the artist's drawing style. Starting from a set of registered rough vector drawings, we first generate a large number of candidate strokes during a pre‐process, and then, at each intermediate frame, we select the subset of those that appropriately conveys the underlying interpolated motion, interpolates the stroke distributions of the key drawings, and introduces a minimum amount of temporal artifacts. In addition, we propose quantitative error metrics to objectively evaluate different stroke selection strategies. We demonstrate the potential of our method on various animations and drawing styles, and show its superiority over competing raster‐ and vector‐based methods.
Enhancing Low‐Light Images: A Variation‐based Retinex with Modified Bilateral Total Variation and Tensor Sparse Coding
Authors: Yang Weipeng , Gao Hongxia , Zou Wenbin , Huang Shasha , Chen Hongsheng , Ma Jianliang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow‐light conditions often result in the presence of significant noise and artifacts in captured images, which can be further exacerbated during the image enhancement process, leading to a decrease in visual quality. This paper aims to present an effective low‐light image enhancement model based on the variation Retinex model that successfully suppresses noise and artifacts while preserving image details. To achieve this, we propose a modified Bilateral Total Variation to better smooth out fine textures in the illuminance component while maintaining weak structures. Additionally, tensor sparse coding is employed as a regularization term to remove noise and artifacts from the reflectance component. Experimental results on extensive and challenging datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, exhibiting superior or comparable performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches. Code, dataset and experimental results are available athttps://github.com/YangWeipengscut/BTRetinex.
Neurological and metabolic related pathophysiologies and treatment of comorbid diabetes with depression
Authors: Li Sixin , Yang Dong , Zhou Xuhui , Chen Lu , Liu Lini , Lin Ruoheng , Li Xinyu , Liu Ying , Qiu Huiwen , Cao Hui , Liu Jian , Cheng Quan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and depression was revealed, and diabetes mellitus increased the prevalence of depressive disorder, which ranked 13th in the leading causes of disability‐adjusted life‐years. Insulin resistance, which is common in diabetes mellitus, has increased the risk of depressive symptoms in both humans and animals. However, the mechanisms behind the comorbidity are multi‐factorial and complicated. There is still no causal chain to explain the comorbidity exactly. Moreover, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, insulin and metformin, which are recommended for treating diabetes mellitus‐induced depression, were found to be a risk factor in some complications of diabetes.AimsGiven these problems, many researchers made remarkable efforts to analyze diabetes complicating depression from different aspects, including insulin resistance, stress and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal axis, neurological system, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Drug therapy, such as Hydrogen Sulfide, Cannabidiol, Ascorbic Acid and Hesperidin, are conducive to alleviating diabetes mellitus and depression. Here, we reviewed the exact pathophysiology underlying the comorbidity between depressive disorder and diabetes mellitus and drug therapy.MethodsThe review refers to the available literature in PubMed and Web of Science, searching critical terms related to diabetes mellitus, depression and drug therapy.ResultsIn this review, we found that brain structure and function, neurogenesis, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and glucose and lipid metabolism were involved in the pathophysiology of the comorbidity. Obesity might lead to diabetes mellitus and depression through reduced adiponectin and increased leptin and resistin. In addition, drug therapy displayed in this review could expand the region of potential therapy.ConclusionsThe review summarizes the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity. It also overviews drug therapy with anti‐diabetic and anti‐depressant effects.
Grassland intactness outcompetes species as a more efficient surrogate in conservation design
Authors: Tack Jason D. , Jakes Andrew F. , Jones Paul F. , Hebblewhite Mark , Naugle David E. , Doherty Kevin E. , Sather Marisa K. , Martin Brian H. , Pritchert Ronald 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMapped representations of species−habitat relationships often underlie approaches to prioritize area‐based conservation strategies to meet conservation goals for biodiversity. Generally a single surrogate species is used to inform conservation design, with the assumption that conservation actions for an appropriately selected species will confer benefits to a broader community of organisms. Emerging conservation frameworks across western North America are now relying on derived measures of intactness from remotely sensed vegetation data, wholly independent from species data. Understanding the efficacy of species‐agnostic planning approaches is a critical step to ensuring the robustness of emerging conservation designs. We developed an approach to quantify ‘strength of surrogacy’, by applying prioritization algorithms to previously developed species models, and measuring their coverage provided to a broader wildlife community. We used this inference to test the relative surrogacy among a suite of species models used for conservation targeting in the endangered grasslands of the Northern Sagebrush Steppe, where careful planning can help stem the loss of private grazing lands to cultivation. In this test, we also derived a simpler surrogate of intact rangelands without species data for conservation targeting, along with a measure of combined migration representative of key areas for connectivity. Our measure of intactness vastly outperformed any species model as a surrogate for conservation, followed by that of combined migration, highlighting the efficacy of strategies that target large and intact rangeland cores for wildlife conservation and restoration efforts.
Assessing landscape suitability and connectivity for effective conservation of two semi‐desert ungulates in Iran
Authors: Almasieh Kamran , Mohammadi Alireza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConservation outside conservation areas (CAs) is more challenging due to increased exposure to human‐induced disturbances. Therefore, it is important to identify and designate new CAs that can protect core wildlife habitat patches, as well as key linkages to promote connectivity. We performed this study to identify and prioritize core habitat patches and corridors for two semi‐desert sympatric gazelles in Iran (i.e., goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa and jebeer gazelle G. bennettii) in order to propose the expansion of existing CAs. We used an ensemble distribution modeling approach based on three algorithms (random forest, maximum entropy, and generalized boosting models) for habitat suitability assessment and a combination of resistant kernel and factorial least‐cost path analysis for connectivity modeling. Our results revealed that distance to CAs, elevation, and annual mean temperature were the most influential variables for predicting the distribution of the two gazelle species. We identified 12 and six core habitat patches for goitered gazelle and jebeer gazelle, respectively with a minimum area of 210 km2. Core habitat patches were mainly occurred in the north of the central basin of Iran with a high priority for the conservation of both species. CAs protected up to half of core habitat patches for goitered gazelle and one‐third of core habitat patches for jebeer gazelle. Due to human‐induced disturbances (e.g., vehicle collisions and poaching) outside CAs, it is necessary to increase regular monitoring and establish new CAs based on the identified core habitat patches for the two gazelles. Our findings highlight opportunities of designating new CAs for wildlife habitat and corridors conservation and for promoting connectivity by limiting road impacts.
Neutrophil elastase activates the release of extracellular traps from COPD blood monocyte‐derived macrophages
Authors: Zheng Shuo , Kummarapurugu Apparao B. , Bulut Gamze B. , Syed Aamer , Kang Le , Voynow Judith A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNeutrophil elastase (NE), a major inflammatory mediator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways, impairs macrophage function, contributing to persistence of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that NE activates a novel mechanism of macrophage‐induced inflammation: release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs). The METs are composed of extracellular DNA decorated with granule proteinases and oxidants and may trigger persistent airway inflammation in COPD. To test the hypothesis, human blood monocytes were isolated from whole blood of subjects with COPD recruited following informed written consent. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected. Cells were cultured in media with GM‐CSF to differentiate into blood monocyte derived macrophages (BMDMs). The BMDMs were treated with FITC‐NE and unlabeled NE to determine intracellular localization by confocal microscopy and intracellular proteinase activity by DQ‐Elastin assay. After NE exposure, released extracellular traps were quantified by abundance of extracellular DNA in conditioned media using the Pico Green assay. BMDM cell lysates were analyzed by Western analysis for proteolytic degradation of histone H3 or H4 or upregulation of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4, two potential mechanisms to mediate extracellular trap DNA release. We observed that NE was taken up by COPD BMDM, localized to the cytosol and nucleus, and retained proteinase activity in the cell. NE induced MET release at doses as low as 50 nM. NE treatment caused histone H3 clipping but no effect on histone H4 nor PAD 2 or 4 abundance or activity. In summary, NE activated COPD MET release by clipping histone H3, a prerequisite for chromatin decondensation.
Drug survival and clinical effectiveness of secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, guselkumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab for psoriasis treatment
Authors: Mastorino Luca , Dapavo Paolo , Susca Sara , Cariti Caterina , Siliquini Niccolò , Verrone Anna , Stroppiana Elena , Ortoncelli Michela , Quaglino Pietro , Ribero Simone 
Published: November 2023

SummaryBackgroundBiologics targeting IL‐23 and IL‐17 show efficacy and safety in the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.ObjectiveTo investigate drug survival in patients with psoriasis treated with biologics.Patients and methodsWe performed a comparative evaluation of the achievement of PASI 90 and PASI ≤ 3 at 16, 28, and 52 weeks along with a DS (drug survival) analysis with IL‐17 and IL‐23 inhibitors brodalumab, ixekizumab, secukinumab, risankizumab, tildrakizumab, and guselkumab on 1,057 patients.ResultsIL‐17 inhibitors showed a faster achievement of PASI 90 and PASI ≤ 3 with significant superiority over IL‐23 inhibitors at week 16 (p < 0.001; 56% vs. 42% and 70% vs. 59%, respectively). A difference was shown in favor of IL‐23 inhibitors regarding DS (p < 0.001), which was 88% at 24 months vs. 75% for IL‐17 inhibitors. In multivariate analysis, IL‐23 inhibitors (HR 0.54 CI 0.37–0.78, p = 0.001), and male sex (HR 0.57 CI 0.42–0.76, p < 0.001) were all associated with a lower probability of drug interruption. Risankizumab (HR 0.42 CI 0.26‐0.69, p = 0.001), guselkumab (HR 0.49 CI 0.24–0.99, p = 0.046), and male sex (HR 0.57 CI 0.43–0.77, p < 0.001) were associated with a lower probability of drug interruption than secukinumab.ConclusionsIL‐23 inhibitors showed the best performance on DS. Overall, the most effective class was IL‐17 inhibitors considering the short‐term effectiveness, but long‐term effectiveness is in favor of anti‐IL‐23.
Infants rationally infer the goals of other people's reaches in the absence of first‐person experience with reaching actions
Authors: Woo Brandon M. , Liu Shari , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDoes knowledge of other people's minds grow from concrete experience to abstract concepts? Cognitive scientists have hypothesized that infants’ first‐person experience, acting on their own goals, leads them to understand others’ actions and goals. Indeed, classic developmental research suggests that before infants reach for objects, they do not see others’ reaches as goal‐directed. In five experiments (N = 117), we test an alternative hypothesis: Young infants view reaching as undertaken for a purpose but are open‐minded about the specific goals that reaching actions are aimed to achieve. We first show that 3‐month‐old infants, who cannot reach for objects, lack the expectation that observed acts of reaching will be directed to objects rather than to places. Infants at the same age learned rapidly, however, that a specific agent's reaching action was directed either to an object or to a place, after seeing the agent reach for the same object regardless of where it was, or to the same place regardless of what was there. In a further experiment, 3‐month‐old infants did not demonstrate such inferences when they observed an actor engaging in passive movements. Thus, before infants have learned to reach and manipulate objects themselves, they infer that reaching actions are goal‐directed, and they are open to learning that the goal of an action is either an object or a place.Research Highlights
In the present experiments, 3‐month‐old prereaching infants learned to attribute either object goals or place goals to other people's reaching actions.
Prereaching infants view agents’ actions as goal‐directed, but do not expect these acts to be directed to specific objects, rather than to specific places.
Prereaching infants are open‐minded about the specific goal states that reaching actions aim to achieve.
Associations of bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement with glycaemic control in people living with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hellman Jarl , Hartvig Niels Væver , Kaas Anne , Møller Jonas Bech , Sørensen Mads Reinholdt , Jendle Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether both bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement were associated with changes in glycaemic control, using real‐world data from adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and MethodsAdults using a smart pen (NovoPen 6) to administer bolus insulin (fast‐acting insulin aspart or insulin aspart) alongside continuous glucose monitoring were eligible for inclusion. Smart pen engagement was characterized by number of days with pen data uploads over the previous 14 days. Glycaemic control was evaluated by analysing glucose metrics.ResultsOverall, data from 1194 individuals were analysed. The number of daily bolus injections was significantly associated with time in range (TIR; 3.9‐10.0 mmol/L [70‐180 mg/dL]; P < 0.0001). Individuals administering, on average, three daily bolus insulin injections had an estimated 11% chance of achieving >70% TIR. The probability of achieving >70% TIR increased with the mean number of daily bolus injections. However, the percentage of TIR was lower on days when individuals administered higher‐than‐average numbers of injections. The observed mean number of daily bolus injections administered across the study population was lower than the optimal number required to reach glycaemic targets (4.8 injections vs. 6‐8 injections). Smart pen engagement was significantly associated with improved TIR.ConclusionsGlycaemic control was associated with daily bolus insulin injection frequency and smart pen engagement. A treatment regimen combining an optimal bolus injection strategy, and effective smart pen engagement, may improve glycaemic control among adults with T1D.
Density‐dependent emergence success of a tephritid fruit fly eclosed in soil as a factor contributing to density‐dependent pupation depth
Authors: Okuyama Toshinori 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), pupates in the soil, and the average pupation depth increases with the number of concurrently pupating individuals at the same location. This study aimed to explain the density‐dependent pupation depth in B. dorsalis. Previous studies demonstrated that increasing pupation depth has the benefit of reduced parasitism and predation risk and the cost of reduced emergence success (i.e., eclosed adults in the soil fail to reach above ground). It was hypothesized that density‐dependent pupation depth is governed by density‐dependent cost. That is, emergence success of eclosed adults increases with density because the soil is more easily loosened as the number of individuals increases. Pupating larvae can reduce parasitism and predation risk by increasing pupation depth, but only those in high density can afford to pupate at deep depths due to the associated cost. To test the hypothesis, density‐dependent emergence success in B. dorsalis was examined in the laboratory. Newly pupated individuals were buried in peat moss approximately 5 cm below the surface, and the relationship between the number of buried pupae (four levels: 1, 25, 50, and 100 pupae) and their emergence success was recorded. To manipulate the difficulty of emergence, the level of peat moss compaction was also varied. Emergence success was uniformly high when peat moss was not heavily compacted regardless of the number of pupae, but the number of pupae had a positive effect on emergence success when the peat moss was heavily compacted. In addition, the timing of emergence was more synchronized in the highest density than in the lower densities. The results of this study, in combination with the previous findings, support the hypothesis.
Delineation of a PFOA Plume and Assessment of Data Gaps in its Conceptual Model Using PlumeSeeker™
Authors: Ozbek Metin , Voorhies Nathan , Howard Lucas , Swanson Ryan , Fox Tad 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn accurate conceptual site model (CSM) and plume‐delineation at contamination sites are pre‐requisites for successful remediation and for satisfying regulators and stakeholders. PlumeSeeker™ is well‐suited for assessing data gaps in CSMs by using available site data and for identifying the optimal number and locations of sampling locations to delineate contaminant plumes. It is an enhancement of a university research code for plume delineation using geostatistical and stochastic modeling integrated with the groundwater modeling software MODFLOW‐SURFACT™. PlumeSeeker™ increases the overall confidence in the location of the plume boundary through a variance‐reduction approach that selects existing‐ or new monitoring wells for sampling based on minimizing the uncertainty in plume boundary and on new field information. Applicable at sites with or without existing monitoring wells, PlumeSeeker™ is particularly powerful for optimally allocating project resources (labor, well installation, and laboratory costs) between existing wells and sampling at new locations. An application of PlumeSeeker™ at Lakehurst, the naval component of Joint Base McGuire‐Dix‐Lakehurst in New Jersey, demonstrates how the cost of delineating the migration pathway of a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) plume can be minimized by requiring only 9 new sampling locations in addition to samples from 2 existing wells for achieving a 70% reduction in plume uncertainty. In addition, the use of available site data in three different scenarios identified CSM data‐gaps in the source area and in the interaction between Manapaqua Branch and groundwater, where the observed high concentration in this area could have resulted from a combination of groundwater migration and induced infiltration.
High‐pressure‐assisted protein isolation from pumpkin seed press cake
Authors: Sert Deniz , Rohm Harald , Struck Susanne 
Published: November 2023

SummaryTraditional solvent‐based approaches for the separation of protein from plant sources are widely used, although they can lead to low protein yield and protein degradation. In this study, protein isolation was conducted by alkaline extraction (AE) and isoelectric precipitation, and the effect of high‐pressure homogenisation (HPH) (0 MPa [control], 50, 100, and 150 MPa) at two different stages during extraction was assessed, namely high pressure homogenisation followed by alkaline extraction (HPH + AE) or alkaline extraction followed by high pressure homogenisation (AE + HPH). Although the control procedure resulted in a protein yield of 45.99 ± 0.72%, the highest protein yield was determined by AE + 100 MPa HPH (61.92 ± 1.06%). Solubility, foaming capacity, emulsification index, hue angle, and denaturation enthalpy of the isolated protein increased after HPH treatments compared to control. Generally, the high‐pressure treatment during protein isolation increased pumpkin seed press cake's protein yield and enhanced the isolates' techno‐functional properties.