bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hirschowitz Edward A. , Foody Terry , Kryscio Richard , Dickson Larry , Sturgill Jamie , Yannelli John 
Published: July 2004

PurposeTherapeutic outcomes of definitively treated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are unacceptably poor. A wealth of preclinical information, and a modest amount of clinical information indicate that dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have therapeutic potential. Only a handful of NSCLC patients have been included in DC clinical trials. We delivered autologous DC vaccines to 16 individuals with stage IA to IIIB NSCLC treated with surgery, chemoradiation, or multimodality therapy. The objectives of the study were to evaluate tolerability and measure immunologic responses to DC vaccines in a heterogeneous group of NSCLC patients.MethodsDC vaccines were generated from CD14+ precursors, pulsed with apoptotic bodies of an allogeneic NSCLC cell line that overexpressed Her2/neu, CEA, WT1, Mage2, and survivin. DCs were partially matured with a factor that induced surface molecule expression but minimal cytokine production. Individuals were immunized intradermally two times, 1 month apart. Peripheral blood was drawn serially over 16 weeks, and immune responses were measured by interferon-gamma ELISPOT.ResultsThere were no unanticipated or serious adverse events. Immunologic responses followed three distinct patterns of reactivity: (1) five of 16 patients showed no clear immunologic response, (2) five of 16 patients showed a tumor-antigen independent response, and (3) six of 16 show an antigen specific response. Immunologic responses were independent of stage and prior therapy. Favorable and unfavorable clinical outcomes were independent of measured immunologic responses.ConclusionVaccines were well tolerated and had biologic activity in a variety of NSCLC patients. Establishing an optimal approach will require comparative studies in well-defined NSCLC patient groups.
Recommended Guidelines for the Treatment of Cancer Treatment-Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Benson Al B. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Catalano Robert B. , Engelking Constance , Kornblau Steven M. , Martenson James A. , McCallum Richard , Mitchell Edith P. , O'Dorisio Thomas M. , Vokes Everett E. , Wadler Scott 
Published: July 2004

Purpose To update and expand on previously published clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of cancer treatment-induced diarrhea. Methods An expert multidisciplinary panel was convened to review the recent literature and discuss recommendations for updating the practice guidelines previously published by this group in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 1998. MEDLINE searches were performed and the relevant literature published since 1998 was reviewed by all panel members. The treatment recommendations and algorithm were revised by panel consensus. Results A recent review of early toxic deaths occurring in two National Cancer Institute-sponsored cooperative group trials of irinotecan plus high-dose fluorouracil and leucovorin for advanced colorectal cancer has led to the recognition of a life-threatening gastrointestinal syndrome and highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring and aggressive therapy for this serious complication. Loperamide remains the standard therapy for uncomplicated cases. However, the revised guidelines reflect the need for recognition of the early warning signs of complicated cases of diarrhea and the need for early and aggressive management, including the addition of antibiotics. Management of radiation-induced diarrhea is similar but may not require hospitalization, and chronic low- to intermediate-grade symptoms can be managed with continued loperamide. Conclusion With vigilant monitoring and aggressive therapy for cancer treatment-induced diarrhea, particularly in patients with early warning signs of severe complications, morbidity and mortality may be reduced.
Treatment of Relapsed Wilms’ Tumor With High-Dose Therapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Rescue: The Experience at Children’s Memorial Hospital
Authors: Campbell Andrew D. , Cohn Susan L. , Reynolds Marleta , Seshadri Roopa , Morgan Elaine , Geissler Grant , Rademaker Alfred , Marymount Maryann , Kalapurakal John , Haut Paul R. , Duerst Reggie , Kletzel Morris 
Published: July 2004

Purpose To investigate whether high-dose therapy with hematopoietic stem-cell rescue (HSCR) will improve survival for patients with relapsed Wilms’ tumor. Patients and Methods Thirteen children with relapsed Wilms’ tumor were treated with one or two cycles of high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous HSCR. Twelve of 13 patients received reinduction chemotherapy before HDT and HSCR. The median age at diagnosis was 4.8 years, and the median time to relapse was 12 months. The histology was favorable in 12 of 13 patients. The ablative regimens included: (1) thiotepa (TT)/cyclophosphamide (CTX)/carboplatin (CP; n = 2); (2) TT/CTX (n = 5); (3) TT/etoposide (ETP; n = 1); and (4) CP/ETP/CTX (n = 1). Four patients received two cycles of HDT and HSCR. Cycle 1 consisted of CP/ETP/CTX, and melphalan/CTX were used in cycle 2. Results Seven of 13 patients are alive without evidence of disease, with a median follow-up of 30 months. The 4-year estimated event-free survival (EFS) rate is 60% (95% CI, 0.40 to 6.88), and the overall survival (OS) at 4 years is 73% (95% CI, 0.40 to 6.86). There was no transplant-related mortality. All patients engrafted to an absolute neutrophil count 500/μL at a median of 13 days (range, 8 to 62 days) and had an unsustained platelet count > 20.0μ at a median of 16 days (range, 10 to 202 days). Conclusion Our results suggest that HDT with HSCR is an effective treatment for patients with Wilms’ tumor who experience relapse.
Comparison of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Docetaxel and Cisplatin in Elderly and Non-Elderly Patients: Why Is Toxicity Increased in Elderly Patients?
Authors: Minami Hironobu , Ohe Yuichi , Niho Seiji , Goto Koichi , Ohmatsu Hironobu , Kubota Kaoru , Kakinuma Ryutaro , Nishiwaki Yutaka , Nokihara Hiroshi , Sekine Ikuo , Saijo Nagahiro , Hanada Kazuhiko , Ogata Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2004

Purpose Following phase I studies of docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, the recommended doses of docetaxel were different for elderly (≥ 75 years) and non-elderly (< 75 years) patients. To elucidate the mechanism of the difference, the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and cisplatin were investigated in two phase II studies separately conducted in elderly and non-elderly patients. Patients and Methods Twenty-seven elderly and 25 non-elderly patients were treated with three weekly administrations of docetaxel and cisplatin every 4 weeks. Doses of docetaxel were 20 and 35 mg/m2 for elderly and non-elderly patients, respectively. All patients received 25 mg/m2 of cisplatin. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and cisplatin were compared in elderly and non-elderly patients. Results There were no differences in pharmacokinetics of docetaxel or cisplatin between elderly versus non-elderly patients with regard to clearance and volume of distribution. In the pharmacodynamic analysis, neutropenia was positively correlated with the area under the concentration-time curve for docetaxel but not for cisplatin. In evaluating the relationship between neutropenia and the area under the concentration-time curve of docetaxel, elderly patients experienced greater neutropenia than those predicted by a pharmacodynamic model developed in non-elderly patients; the residual for prediction of the percent change in neutrophil count was −11.2% (95% CI, −21.8 to −0.5%). Conclusion The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and unchanged cisplatin were not different between elderly and non-elderly patients. The elderly patients were more sensitive to docetaxel exposure than the non-elderly patients, resulting in the different recommended doses for the phase II studies.
Allogeneic Vaccination With a B7.1 HLA-A Gene-Modified Adenocarcinoma Cell Line in Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Raez Luis E. , Cassileth Peter A. , Schlesselman James J. , Sridhar Kasi , Padmanabhan Swaminathan , Fisher Eva Z. , Baldie Paulette A. , Podack Eckhard R. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose To determine the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical response to an allogeneic tumor vaccine for non–small-cell lung cancer, we conducted a phase I trial in patients with advanced metastatic disease. Patients and Methods We treated 19 patients with a vaccine based on an adenocarcinoma line (AD100) transfected with B7.1 (CD80) and HLA A1 or A2. Patients were vaccinated intradermally with 5 × 107 cells once every 2 weeks. Three vaccinations represented one course of treatment. If patients had complete response, partial response, or stable disease, they continued with the vaccinations for up to three courses (nine vaccinations). Immune response was assessed by a change between pre-study and postvaccination enzyme-linked immunospot frequency of purified CD8 T-cells secreting interferon-gamma in response to in vitro challenge with AD100. Results Four patients experienced serious adverse events that were unrelated to vaccine. Another four patients experienced only minimal skin erythema. All but one patient had a measurable CD8 response after three immunizations. The immune response of six surviving, clinically responding patients shows that CD8 titers continue to be elevated up to 150 weeks, even after cessation of vaccination. Overall, one patient had a partial response, and five had stable disease. Median survival for all patients is 18 months (90% CI, 7 to 23 months), with corresponding estimates of 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival of 52%, 30%, and 30%, respectively. HLA matching of vaccine, age, sex, race, and pathology did not bear a significant relation to response. Conclusion Minimal toxicity and good survival in this small population suggest clinical benefit from vaccination.
Preliminary Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 97-03: A Randomized Phase II Trial of Concurrent Radiation and Chemotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck
Authors: Garden A.S. , Harris J. , Vokes E.E. , Forastiere A.A. , Ridge J.A. , Jones C. , Horwitz E.M. , Glisson B.S. , Nabell L. , Cooper J.S. , Demas W. , Gore E. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose To define further the role of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients and Methods The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group developed this three-arm randomized phase II trial. Patients with stage III or IV squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, or hypopharynx were eligible. Each of three arms proposed a radiation schedule of 70 Gy in 35 fractions. Patients on arm 1 were to receive cisplatin 10 mg/m2 daily and fluorouracil (FU) 400 mg/m2 continuous infusion (CI) daily for the final 10 days of treatment. Treatment on arm 2 consisted of hydroxyurea 1 g every 12 hours and FU 800 mg/m2/d CI delivered with each fraction of radiation. Arm 3 patients were to receive weekly paclitaxel 30 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2. Patients randomly assigned to arms 1 and 3 were to receive their treatments every week; patients on arm 2 were to receive their therapy every other week. Results Between 1997 and 1999, 241 patients were entered onto study; 231 were analyzable. Ninety-two percent, 79%, and 83% of patients on arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were able to complete their radiation as planned or with an acceptable variation. Fewer than 10% of patients had unacceptable deviations or incomplete chemotherapy in the three arms. Estimated 2-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 38.2% and 57.4% for arm 1, 48.6% and 69.4% for arm 2, and 51.3% and 66.6% for arm 3. Conclusion We have demonstrated that three different approaches of concurrent multiagent chemotherapy and radiation were feasible and could be delivered to patients in a multi-institutional setting with high compliance rates.
Prognostic Factors in Patients With Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Treated by Front-Line Autotransplantation After Complete Remission: A Cohort Study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte
Authors: Mounier N. , Gisselbrecht C. , Brière J. , Haioun C. , Feugier P. , Offner F. , Recher C. , Stamatoullas A. , Morschhauser F. , Macro M. , Thieblemont C. , Sonet A. , Fabiani B. , Reyes F. 
Published: July 2004

Purpose Improved survival has been observed in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with adverse prognostic factors when autotransplantation (ASCT) was performed after complete remission. However, there is no agreement on the prognostic factors for patients treated with ASCT. We aimed to estimate the prognostic effect of clinical and biologic variables on relapse and survival rates by pooling the data from two trials. Patients and Methods Of the patients treated in the LNH87 and LNH93 trials, 330 under age 60 years achieved complete remission after high-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, and received consolidative ASCT; 16% of patients had T-cell NHL. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) score was 0 for 11%, 1 for 23%, 2 for 51%, and 3 for 15%. Univariate and Cox multivariate survival analyses were retrospectively performed on this population. Results Overall survival was 75 ± 5% at 5 years and disease-free survival (DFS) 67 ± 5%. For T-cell NHL, these scores were 54% and 44%, respectively. The IPI score had no prognostic value and only the following parameters adversely affected overall survival and DFS (P < .05): marrow involvement; more than one extranodal site; histology (nonanaplastic T-cell v others); and type of anthracycline (mitoxantrone v doxorubicin, for DFS only). Conclusion These results suggest that ASCT can prevent relapse in patients with adverse IPI factors. However, patients presenting with a nonanaplastic T-cell phenotype, more than one extranodal site, or marrow involvement still have a higher risk of relapse. These factors should be taken into account when designing post-ASCT maintenance studies.
New Method for Preparing Monodispersed Nanocrystalline Silicalite via Hydrothermal Synthesis in Water/Surfactant/Oil Solution
Authors: Tago Teruoki , Nishi Mieko , Kouno Yousuke , Masuda Takao 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
Monodispersed silicalite nanocrystals with a diameter of 80–150 nm were successfully prepared in water–surfactant–oil solution. It was found that the ionicity of the surfactants used in preparation affected the crystallinity and structure of the silicalite, and that silicalite nanocrystals could be obtained when using a nonionic surfactant. Furthermore, silicalite nanocrystals with a diameter of approximately 80 nm could be obtained in even a high concentration region of Si source.
Time-selective Hydrothermal Synthesis of SnS Nanorods and Nanoparticles by Thiourea Hydrolysis
Authors: Rao M Mohan , Jayalakshmi M , Reddy R Sudarshan 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
SnS nanorods and nanoparticles were synthesized by thiourea hydrolysis in an autoclave at 180 °C within a time window of 2 and 8 h, respectively. In the absence of added structure-directing agent, the nanorods formation was attributed to templating characteristic of ammonium ion produced in situ during hydrolysis.
A p-tert-Butyldithiacalix[4]arene-Copper(II) Complex Having Double-cone Shape of Unique Heteroditopic Inclusion Behavior
Authors: Kon Noriyoshi , Iki Nobuhiko , Kajiwara Takashi , Ito Tasuku , Miyano Sotaro 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
X-ray diffraction revealed a single crystal of a Cu(II) complex of p-tert-butyldithiacalix[4]arene 5 (H4L) to be [Cu3(HL)(H2L)(AcO)], in which three Cu(II) ions are sandwiched by two calixarene ligands including different guest molecules, CHCl3 and hexane, in each cone-shaped cavity.
Amplified Electrochemical Detection Based on Redox Cycle at a Liquid/Liquid Interface Formed in a Microchannel
Authors: Torimura Masaki , Ichieda Nobuyuki , Ito Takeshi , Ohya Seishiro , Tao Hiroaki 
Published: July 2004

Abstract
An electrochemical detector chip with a Y-shaped microchannel was fabricated, and an amplification of the detection current based on the redox cycle at the liquid/liquid interface formed in the microchannel was demonstrated. The dependence of the amplification factor on the flow rate of the solutions was studied.
In the absence of evidence, who chooses? A qualitative study of patients' needs after treatment for colorectal cancer
Authors: Rozmovits Linda , Rose Peter , Ziebland Sue 
Published: July 2004

Objectives: To identify the range of patient pathways following surgery for colorectal cancer and explore patients' needs and preferences for follow-up. Methods: A survey of hospitals within the UK Colorectal Cancer Services Collaborative and qualitative thematic analysis of 39 in-depth narrative interviews with colorectal cancer patients. Participants volunteered or were contacted through hospital consultants, support groups and general practitioners (GPs). Most of the interviews were collected in respondents' homes, throughout the UK. Results: Thirty-five (70%) hospitals supplied details of their follow-up regime. There was a wide variation: only three hospitals specifically stated that patients were given a choice about the type of follow-up. The patients' interviews highlighted their need for a responsive GP and realistic information about recovery, resources and diet. Choice is particularly important because patients differ in their views of the benefits of hospital follow-up. Conclusions: The absence of evidence about what constitutes ideal clinical follow-up for colorectal cancer is reflected in current hospital practice. In such circumstances, the preferences of individual patients are particularly important. Not all patients want repeated specialist investigations but those without stomas, and therefore no access to a stoma nurse, need another source of advice about recovery and long-term practical help. Follow-up care organised by GPs may be acceptable to many patients. We suggest a list of topics for GPs to discuss with their patients about follow-up. The needs described by patients are not extensive and could often be met by existing resources.
Soft governance and attitudes to clinical quality in English general practice
Authors: Sheaff Rod , Sibbald Bonnie , Campbell Stephen , Roland Martin , Marshall Martin , Pickard Susan , Gask Linda , Rogers Anne , Halliwell Shirley 
Published: July 2004

Objectives: English primary care organisations (primary care groups and trusts – PCGs, PCTs) were, and are, responsible for the quality of general practice but lack hierarchical structures and, frequently, contractual relationships through which to influence it. The theory of soft governance describes how managers can influence professional practice by other means. This study examines the hypothesis that PCG/Ts have used 'soft' clinical governance. Methods: Survey in 2000/01 of general practitioners' (GPs') attitudes, opinions and self-reported activity in six PCGs and six PCTs using a semi-structured mailed questionnaire. To assess how representative respondents were of English GPs generally, four questions from a national sample survey of English GPs were included and the results compared. Results: Responses were obtained from 437 (52%) GPs. They most often mentioned the technical aspects of clinical governance. Managerial, policy and resourcing implications were next most frequently mentioned, usually in unfavourable terms. Most GPs reported that their clinical practice had changed because of clinical governance activities, although nearly 40% also reported little difference in the quality of care provided. The National Service Framework for coronary heart disease influenced practice independently of PCG/T activities. Conclusion: English primary care organisations are exercising soft governance (although not by that name) over some but not all aspects of GPs' clinical practice. However, this soft governance is complex, not easy to sustain and appears hard to extend beyond essentially clinical domains.
Soluble or Insoluble Prussian Blue for Radiocesium and Thallium Poisoning?
Authors: Thompson Dennis F , Callen Erin D 
Published: July 2004

OBJECTIVE: To review the available English-language literature concerning the efficacy of soluble and insoluble Prussian blue used as a therapeutic agent in radiocesium and thallium poisoning. DATA SOURCES: A thorough search of MEDLINE, Toxline, and EMBASE databases (1960s-August 2003) was performed. Search terms included Prussian blue, thallium, and radiocesium poisoning. Bibliographies of relevant papers were reviewed for additional citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Reports and studies of human trials and cases, along with animal and relevant in vitro data, were sought. Data were categorized as insoluble and soluble Prussian blue and by thallium and radiocesium poisoning. DATA SYNTHESIS: The majority of evidence describing the efficacy of Prussian blue for radiocesium poisoning is based on the use of the insoluble form. In contrast, the majority of data supporting the efficacy of Prussian blue in thallium poisoning involves the use of the soluble form. CONCLUSIONS: Insoluble Prussian blue has recently been approved in the US for treatment of both thallium and radiocesium poisoning. While there is sufficient evidence that the insoluble form of Prussian blue is effective in radiocesium poisoning, there is a paucity of analogous data supporting its use in thallium poisoning. Whether the physicochemical differences between soluble and insoluble Prussian blue have any effect on outcomes in human poisoning is not known.
Advising Cancer Patients on Natural Health Products— A Structured Approach
Authors: de Lemos Mário L , John Leela , Nakashima Lynne , O'Brien Robin K , Taylor Suzanne CM 
Published: July 2004

BACKGROUND: Many patients with cancer (45–60%) use natural health products (NHPs). Pharmacists often find it difficult to advise these patients effectively. OBJECTIVE: To explore pharmacists' perceptions of the information needed to advise cancer patients on NHPs and develop a structured counseling approach. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using a focus group of pharmacists from an integrated cancer care organization in Canada. The outcome measures were the definitions of and reasons for the information needed to advise patients on NHPs and a counseling approach using laymen terms. RESULTS: Eight focus group sessions took place, from which 6 categories of information emerged: role of the advisor, evaluation of evidence, assessment of efficacy, assessment of toxicity, monitoring parameters, and provision of a closure. A patient counseling approach was developed based on this information. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provided a description of and rationale for categories of information needed to advise cancer patients on NHPs. A structured, step-by-step approach to counseling these patients was developed.