bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface coats on human lymphocytes: Freeze‐drying and staining with cations
Authors: Billings‐Gagliardi Susan , Pockwinse Shirwin M. , Schneider Gary B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSurface coats can be demonstrated on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by staining with ruthenium red, alcian blue, Thorotrast, and cationized ferritin, which are similar in distribution to a 40‐ to 65‐nm layer of amorphous extracellular material recently reported on fixed, freeze‐dried lymphocytes. Several additional lines of evidence, including X‐ray micro‐analysis, suggest that the latter is not a contaminant added by freeze‐drying. Freeze‐drying may provide the means for a morphological assessment of the lymphocyte surface, including the extracellular coat, which may give additional insight into the immune response.
Anatomy of the renal pelvis in the hamster
Authors: Lacy Eric R. , Schmidt‐Nielsen Bodil 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe hamster renal pelvis has been studied by means of low‐power light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and morphometric analyses. The results of this study are highly suggestive that the contact of pelvic urine with the other medulla as well as with the inner medulla may be an important aspect of final urine formation. The outer medulla constituted nearly 50% of the total pelvic surface area, with the inner stripe of the outer medulla more than twice the pelvic surface area of the outer stripe of the outer medulla. The large outer medullary pelvic surface area was accounted for by the elaboration of the upper pelvic walls into peripelvic columns, opercula (“secondary pyramids”), fornices and secondary pouches. A thin simple‐squamous to low cuboidal pelvic epithelium separated pelvic urine from outer medullary parenchyma. The inner medulla which constituted about one quarter of the total pelvic surface area was covered by a cuboidal to columnar pelvic epithelium which appeared morphologically similar to the papillary collecting duct epithelium. Tubules and capillaries of the inner medulla did not appear as closely juxtaposed to the pelvic epithelium as did those of the outer medulla. Cortical tissue comprised only 11.7% of the total pelvic surface area and was covered by transitional epithelium similar to that of ureter and bladder. The previously reported impermeability of this epithelium suggests that pelvic urine contact with the cortex is unimportant in final urine formation. The rich layer of smooth muscle under the transitional epithelium probably functions to move urine into and out of the pelvis during pelvic peristalsis, which has been observed in vivo.
The rostral level of origin of sympathetic neurons in the chick embryo, studied in tissue culture
Authors: Newgreen D. F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGroups of three consecutive somites from the first to the eleventh somite from chick embryos of stages 17–18 were grown in tissue culture for seven days. Sympathetic neurons, identified both by phase contrast microscopy and FIF histochemistry, occurred only in cultures which included the sixth, or more caudal, somites.If it is assumed that sympathetic precursor cells (neural crest cells) have not undergone a caudal shift prior to stages 17–18, and taking into account the loss of one or two rostral somites, then the anterior sympathetic ganglia are derived from neural crest caudal to the sixth or seventh somite Thus, the vagal zone (level with somites 1–7) contributes little to the sympathetic nervous system.
The clara cell: A comparative ultrastructural study in mammals
Authors: Smith Marilyn N. , Greenberg S. Donald , Spjut Harlan J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractClara cells in the terminal bronchioles of mouse, rat, rabbit, calf and human were compared by light, transmission and scanning microscopy, and species‐differences were clearly present. Mouse Clara cells were most numerous and mouse and rabbit Clara cells had large dense mitochondria. Rabbit and calf had glycogen in Clara cells and rat Clara cells had the most variability in secretory granules, some of which had a crystalline structure. Calf Clara cells had deeply indented nuclei. Human Clara cells had the most prominent nucleoli and lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which was a prominent feature of most other species. No evidence of apical extrusion or apocrine secretion of Clara cell secretory granules was observed.
The isolation of single cells from the avian salt gland
Authors: Thompson Ian G. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCollagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin were used to isolate single cells from the avian salt gland. Three cell types were distinguishable in the resultant cell suspension: peripheral, intermediate, and principal cells. The fine structure of these cells is described and related to the morphology of the intact gland.
Direct efferent and afferent connections of the hippocampus with the neocortex in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Walter K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAnterograde and retrograde transport was studied following injections of 3H‐proline and/or horseradish peroxidase into hippocampal and neocortical areas of the common marmoset monkey. Reciprocal connections between the frontal and temporal neocortex and the subiculum are prominent; sparse connections exist also with fields CA1 and CA2/3 of Ammon's horn. Entorhinal cortex, parasubiculum and presubiculum are reciprocally connected with frontal and temporal neocortex.
Origin of necklace particles in thymic ciliating cells
Authors: Cordier A. C. , Haumont S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe formation of ciliary necklaces during ciliogenesis in a thymic cyst was observed in freeze‐etched replicas. The necklaces first appear as clusters of particles arranged in concentric circles on a flat area of the cell membrane. As soon as the cilium begins to grow, the particles move to the periphery.
Gap junctions in the myometrium of pelvic‐neurectomized rats with blocked parturition
Authors: Burden Hubert W. , Capps Marilyn L. , Lawrence Irvin E. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were laparotomized on days 8–10 and sham‐operated (S) or subjected to bilateral section of the pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvic neurectomy (PN)). Both S and PN animals were allowed to go to term and the time of delivery was recorded. Eight of ten S animals delivered on the afternoon of day 22 and two delivered on the morning of day 23. Pelvic neurectomy blocked parturition in five rats autopsied on day 24, and five rats autopsied on day 26. On these days the PN animals had full‐term fetuses; live on day 24, but dead on day 26. In a second study, the fine structure of the myometrium of S and PN pregnant rats was examined during the parturient period for the presence of gap junctions. Gap junctions were present between myometrial smooth muscle cells of the S group during delivery and in the PN group on days 23, 24, and 25, in the absence of delivery. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of gap junctions on day 23 in the PN animals. There was no difference in the length of gap junctions in the different groups. These observations indicate that the parturition block characteristic of PN animals is not attributable to the failure of gap junction formation between smooth muscle cells. Apparently, the nervi erigentes participate in the orchestration of events terminating in parturition, but their specific role remains an enigma.
A new grouping of intrafusal muscle fibers based on developmental studies of muscle spindles in the cat
Authors: Butler Richard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe development of muscle spindles was studied using the tenuissimus muscle of the cat. Observations show that the intrafusal muscle fibers develop as two separate groups: one group represented by a single nuclear bag fiber while the second group comprises the second nuclear bag fiber in association with all the nuclear chain fibers. This grouping is most pronounced in the fetus and is clearly seen in neonatal kittens (i.e., up to 2 weeks of age). As the intrafusal fibers begin to separate from each other, the groupings become less noticeable, although this basic pattern is often retained in the adult. The pattern of intrafusal fiber grouping is most noticeable in the equatorial regions of the spindle and least noticeable in the polar regions. This is not the grouping of fibers which would have been expected from a consideration of existing reports on muscle spindles. The implications for spindle form and function are considered.
Inhomogeneous distribution of filipin‐sterol complexes in the ciliary membrane of rat tracheal epithelium
Authors: Montesano R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPieces of rat trachea fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution containing 300 m̈M filipin, a sterol‐specific polyene antibiotic (Elias et al., '78), were freeze‐fractured in order to study the distribution of cholesterol within the ciliary membrane. Filipin‐sterol complexes, recognizable as 25–30‐nm protrusions on fracture faces, appeared densely and uniformly distributed over most of the ciliary membrane, but were absent from the region of the ciliary necklace. It is possible, therefore, that the ciliary necklace represents a cholesterol‐poor area of membrane.
Involution of the female mullerian duct of the fetal rat in the organ‐culture assay for the detection of mullerian inhibiting substance
Authors: Price J. Michael , Donahoe Patricia K. , Ito Yasuo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe study of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) has been made possible because of the organ‐culture bioassay devised by Picon ('69) for detecting MIS in vitro. We have studied the degeneration of the female Mullerian duct of the rat fetus, the target tissue of the assay, with electron microscopy. We have observed that the involution of the female Mullerian duct in the organ‐culture assay follows a pattern of degeneration similar to the normal involution of the male Mullerian duct under the influence of MIS from the fetal testis (Price et al., '77). This involution involves alterations in the duct epithelium subsequent to a response of the mesenchyme surrounding the duct. The degeneration of a specific organ system under the direct influence of a specific factor, Mullerian Inhibiting Substance, represents an example of “programmed cell death”.
Luteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone production in the pars tuberalis of hypophysectomized rats
Authors: Gross D. S. , Page R. B. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLuteinizing hormone and follicle‐stimulating hormone were identified by immunocytochemistry in the same cells of the pituitary pars tuberalis, following hypophysectomy in the rat. A marked hyperplasia and hypertrophy of these cells occurred in response to hypophysectomy. These findings are discussed in light of the potential for hormone production by pars tuberalis gonadotropes following hypophysectomy performed as part of an experimental protocol, as well as that performed for palliation of human metastatic breast cancer.
Glycoprotein synthesis in the mucous cells of the vascularly perfused rat stomach. I. Surface mucous cells
Authors: Van Huis G. A. , Kramer M. F. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe developed a constant‐pressure vascular perfusion system of the isolated rat stomach, utilizing an artificial, fluorocarbon (FC‐75)‐containing medium. Perfusion could be maintained for at least six hours, as demonstrated by the ultrastructure of the mucosal cells and by the constant incorporation of [3H]‐galactose in the surface mucous cells. Moreover all mucous cell types in tissue fixed after six hours of perfusion showed the same histochemical reactions for glycoproteins as in tissue fixed shortly after decapitation of the animal.The surface mucous cells of the antrum incorporated 30% less [3H]‐galactose, [3H]‐serine and [35S]‐sulphate than those of the fundus. The amount of radioactivity incorporated per cell did not decrease during a subsequent 2 hour chase.
Glycoprotein synthesis in the mucous cells of the vascularly perfused rat stomach. II. Differentiating mucous cells
Authors: Wattel W. , Van Huis G. A. , Kramer M. F. , Geuze J. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLabeled leucine, serine, galactose, glucosamine and sulphate were administered to rat stomachs in a perfusion system. Sections of the gastric fundus were studied by light microscopic autoradiography. Five categories of mucous cells were distinguished and their glycoprotein synthetic activity was measured in autoradiographs by counting silver grains over each category. During their differentiation, while migrating from the isthmus of the fundic glands to the free luminal surface, the surface mucous cells (SMC) showed an increase in incorporation of all precursors used. Differences between the incorporation patterns of the various precursors, in cells of different ages, suggest that structural development runs ahead of functional activity, and that the latter continues up to the very moment the cell is shed from the surface. Sulphate was incorporated at a considerably lower rate by the SMC of the free surface than by the foveolar SMC, in which by cytochemical staining strongly acidic glycoproteins were shown. Since the mucous neck cells incorporated all precursors at a low rate, these cells apparently do not play an important role in gastric mucus synthesis. They did not incorporate sulphate, which is consistent with histochemical observations.
Retrograde changes in Clarke's column following neonatal hemicerebellectomy in the rat
Authors: Smith Diane E. , Castro Anthony J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractLong‐Evans black‐hooded rat pups underwent hemicerebellectomies at various postnatal ages. The animals were killed at 28 days of age and thoracolumbar segments of the spinal cord were removed and processed according to Golgi and Nissl techniques. Hemicerebellectomy at two and three days postnatally produced, in addition to cellular hypotrophy in Clarke's column, dendritic alterations which included a decrease in the number of primary dendrites and a reduction of the remaining dendrites to truncated stubs. Hemicerebellectomy at 21 days postnatally had little effect on either cell size or dendritic arborization. The role of the target nucleus in maintaining cell growth and dendritic arborization during critical developmental periods is discussed.
Development of thymus, parathyroids, and ultimo‐branchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice
Authors: Cordier André C. , Haumont Stanislas M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn the NMRI mouse embryo, the thymus develops from the third endodermal pouch and the third ectodermal cleft. The cervical vesicle, formed not by the closure of the sinus cervicalis but by an invagination of the dorsal segment of the ectoderm between the third and fourth branchial clefts, contributes to the formation of the thymus. The intense proliferation of the ectoderm of the third cleft on the eleventh day covers the endodermal part.The thymus is thus composed of a central endodermal region and a peripheral ectodermal region. The normal adult thymus, then, has a mixed origin, the cortical cells being ectodermal, and the medullary cells endodermal in origin.The fourth endodermal pouch gives rise to the ultimo‐branchial body, which becomes entirely incorporated within the thyroid on the fourteenth day. There is no formation of a thymus IV nor of a second pair of parathyroids from the fourth endodermal pouch.In the Nude mouse embryo, the third branchial pouch and cleft, as well as the cervical vesicle, develop normally for the first 11½ days. From this point on, the ectoderm of the third cleft ceases to develop further. The endoderm is, now, no longer covered by ectoderm and, deprived of its normal inducing agent, ceases to develop further. Thymic dysgenesis is thus ectodermal in origin. The fourth endodermal pouch develops normally. No development of an accessory “thymus‐like” structure from the fourth pouch was observed. The dysgenetic thymus originates entirely from the third branchial pouches and clefts.In both Nude and NMRI embryos, the parathyroids develop at about 11½ days from a very limited area in the dorsal region of the cranial wall of the third endodermal pouch between the pharyngo‐branchial and ecto‐branchial ducts. Morphometric analysis shows that the volume of the parathyroids is the same in both strains of mice at each stage of development; nor does their microscopic appearance differ. Thus, mutation in the Nude mouse does not affect the development of the parathyroids from the third pouch, even though the first anomalies in the development of the thymus are observed at the precise moment at which the parathyroid primordium appears.
Analysis of ovarian follicular development and thymidine incorporation in the cyclic golden hamster
Authors: Chiras Daniel D. , Greenwald Gilbert S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTo quantify thymidine incorporation into DNA in the ovary of the intact, cyclic hamster, hamsters were injected at different times throughout the four‐day estrous cycle (day 1 = day of ovulation; day 4 = proestrus). Animals were killed one hour after injection. One ovary was prepared for liquid scintillation counting of DNA and the other for autoradiographic analysis.Ovarian thymidine incorporation was elevated on days 1 and 4. The peak of thymidine incorporation on day 1 resulted from uptake by small follicles (12 or fewer layers of follicle cells), and coincided with a peak in serum FSH. Stromal and luteal uptake on day 1 was negligible. The peak of thymidine incorporation on day 4 occurred in the morning and was the result of incorporation into small follicles (seven layers of follicle cells and smaller) and antral follicles. This peak occurs when gonadotropin levels are reported to be low, but circulating levels of estradiol are high.The mean number of follicles at stages 1 and 2 (2–5 granulosa cells) was relatively constant throughout the estrous cycle. Larger follicles were present only at specific times. Small follicles (stages 1 and 2) were most active in thymidine uptake during the latter half of the cycle; stage‐3 follicles were most active on day 4. Follicles of stages 4 and 5 were present only on days 1 and 2, respectively; no measurements of thymidine incorporation were made. Stage‐6 follicles, present on days 3 and 4, showed virtually no variation in activity, as measured by thymidine uptake.A wave of follicular development was evidenced in larger follicles. Stage‐3 follicles (6 to 7 layers of follicle cells), present on day 4, had developed to stage 4 (eight or more layers of follicle cells) by day 1; stage‐4 follicles had developed to stage 5 (early antral) by day 2. Stage‐5 follicles had developed to stage 6 (antral follicles) by day 3.Antral follicles consistently incorporated thymidine label (except at 1600 hours and 2400 hours on day 4), especially in the cumulus oophorus and in the granulosa cells bordering the antrum. Despite sudden changes in serum gonadotropins on day 4, stage‐6 follicles showed no discernible differences in labeling.Thymidine uptake by the corpus luteum (CL) was low on day 1, but higher on day 2 (after the CL was fully developed). Sinuosoidal endothelial cells in the CL were heavily labeled on day 2, but the reason for the late proliferation of these cells and their fate is unknown.
Degenerative changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from aging swine ductus arteriosus and venosus
Authors: Toda T. , Leszczynski D. E. , Kummerow F. A. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDegenerative changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from fetal, 2‐month‐, and 6‐month‐old swine ductus vasculature were observed. In fetal ductus, a discontinuous internal elastic lamina and increased extracellular mucopolysaccharide deposition were initially noted. At 2 months of age, there was widespread fibromuscular intimal thickening, the appearance of modified smooth muscle cells, increased medial fibrosis, and the occurrence of cell debris and nuclear pyknosis. Early modification of smooth muscle cells was marked by increased occurrence of lysosomes, widely dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies. Abundant aggregates of Weibel‐Palade bodies occurred in early endothelial cell degeneration. At 6 months of age, after complete anatomical closure, there was abundant lipid vacuole production by degenerated medial smooth muscle cells. This study demonstrates that at various stages of occlusion, endothelial and smooth muscle cells from ductus vasculature exhibit morphological changes which are qualitatively similar to atherosclerosis.
Retinofugal projections of an echolocating megachiropteran
Authors: Cotter John R. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe projection leading from the eye and the nuclear targets of the projection to the brainstem were identified in an echolocating megachiropteran (Rousettus aegyptiacus) following unilateral intraocular injections of radioactive amino acids. In the hypothalamus, the projection ended bilaterally in suprachiasmatic nuclei. In the ventral thalamus, it ended bilaterally in external and internal divisions of the ventral lateral geniculate nuclei. In the dorsal thalamus, the projection terminated bilaterally in the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei and contralaterally in the lateral posterior nucleus. Input from the two eyes was segregated to laminae in the lateral division of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The contralateral projection ended in the dorsolateral and ventral portions of lamina 1, in lamina 2, the ventral portions of lamina 3, and an interlaminar fiber plexus. The ipsilateral projection ended in the dorsomedial portion of lamina 1, the dorsal portion of lamina 3, and the most superficial portion of lamina 1. Contralateral and ipsilateral input to the medial division of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus was for the most part segregated. The projection to the pretectum terminated in nuclei of the optic tract, pretectal olivary nuclei, and posterior pretectal nuclei. Although the input to the pretectal nuclei was bilateral, the contralateral projection was greater. The contralateral projection to the superior colliculus terminated throughout the rostral‐caudal extent of the superficial gray layer. The ipsilateral projection to the superior colliculus ended in the superficial gray layer in the middle one‐third of the superior colliculus only. On the contralateral side the projection to the outer portion of the superficial gray layer was especially heavy. The superior fascicle of the accessory optic tract was identified. It was traced to dorsal, lateral, and medial accessory optic nuclei. These results indicate that the visual system of Rousettus is more extensive than that of the echolocating microchiroptera and that it is similar to that described for nonecholocating Pteropus.