bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serological detection of Newcastle disease virus in backyard poultry production system in Woliso District South West Shewa, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Choramo Alemayehu , Debelo Motuma , Tesfaye Asamenew , Bedasa Chala , Dima Chala , Guyassa Chala 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important respiratory viral diseases. The disease is endemic in many parts of Ethiopia. However, there is no clear record about the introduction of the virus to the country (Ethiopia). Hence, detail about the ND is very important in its (ND) control and prevention. Despite these facts, there is no available research work done on ND in the current research area that would help either as references for researchers or that could help in the control and prevention of the disease. Therefore, the objective of this study was to detect the ND virus (NDV), using serological methods in from December 2018 to November 2019.MethodologyA cross‐sectional type of study was conducted to detect the NDV. The convenience sampling method was used for sample data collection. Before data collection, chicken with previous history of vaccination against the NDV was excluded from the sampling animals. Then, a total of 348 blood samples of 2 mL were collected from the brachial vein in 3 mL disposable syringes. The serum was collected in labeled 2 mL cryovial tubes. Indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were performed to detect antibodies against NDV and to determine its antibody titer. The test was performed using (ID.vet innovative version 2) procedure.ResultIn the indirect ELISA test, 37.64% (131/348) were positive and antibody titer mean value of (1761.9088) was scored. The standard deviation of 2592.42160 and a percentage coefficient of variation of 147% was scored.ConclusionFrom the finding, we conclude that indirect ELISA test detected the presence of the NDV in the study area and the heterogeneousity of antibody titer in the study area. Therefore, further molecular characterization and epidemiological investigation should be carried and vaccination of animals is critical in the study area.
Infant age inversely correlates with gut carriage of resistance genes, reflecting modifications in microbial carbohydrate metabolism during early life
Authors: Xu Xinming , Feng Qingying , Zhang Tao , Gao Yunlong , Cheng Qu , Zhang Wanqiu , Wu Qinglong , Xu Ke , Li Yucan , Nguyen Nhu , Taft Diana H. , Mills David A. , Lemay Danielle G. , Zhu Weiyun , Mao Shengyong , Zhang Anyun , Xu Kelin , Liu Jinxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe infant gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes, yet the assembly of gut resistome in infants and its influencing factors remain largely unknown. We characterized resistome in 4132 metagenomes from 963 infants in six countries and 4285 resistance genes were observed. The inherent resistome pattern of healthy infants (N = 272) could be distinguished by two stages: a multicompound resistance phase (Months 0–7) and a tetracycline‐mupirocin‐β‐lactam‐dominant phase (Months 8–14). Microbial taxonomy explained 40.7% of the gut resistome of healthy infants, with Escherichia (25.5%) harboring the most resistance genes. In a further analysis with all available infants (N = 963), we found age was the strongest influencer on the resistome and was negatively correlated with the overall resistance during the first 3 years (p < 0.001). Using a random‐forest approach, a set of 34 resistance genes could be used to predict age (R2 = 68.0%). Leveraging microbial host inference analyses, we inferred the age‐dependent assembly of infant resistome was a result of shifts in the gut microbiome, primarily driven by changes in taxa that disproportionately harbor resistance genes across taxa (e.g., Escherichia coli more frequently harbored resistance genes than other taxa). We performed metagenomic functional profiling and metagenomic assembled genome analyses whose results indicate that the development of gut resistome was driven by changes in microbial carbohydrate metabolism, with an increasing need for carbohydrate‐active enzymes from Bacteroidota and a decreasing need for Pseudomonadota during infancy. Importantly, we observed increased acquired resistance genes over time, which was related to increased horizontal gene transfer in the developing infant gut microbiome. In summary, infant age was negatively correlated with antimicrobial resistance gene levels, reflecting a composition shift in the gut microbiome, likely driven by the changing need for microbial carbohydrate metabolism during early life.
Phase separation and domain crystallinity control enable open‐air‐printable highly efficient and sustainable organic photovoltaics
Authors: Lv Jie , Sun Xiaokang , Tang Hua , Wang Fei , Zhang Guangye , Zhu Liangxiang , Huang Jiaming , Yang Qianguang , Lu Shirong , Li Gang , Laquai Frédéric , Hu Hanlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production, offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint, short energy payback period, and compatibility with eco‐solvents. However, the use of hazardous solvents continues to dominate the best‐performing OSCs, mainly because of the challenges of controlling phase separation and domain crystallinity in eco‐solvents. In this study, we combined the solvent vapor treatment of CS2 and thermal annealing to precisely control the phase separation and domain crystallinity in PM6:M‐Cl and PM6:O‐Cl systems processed with the eco‐solvent o‐xylene. This method resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4%, which is among the highest values reported for sustainable binary OSCs. Furthermore, the fabrication techniques were transferred from spin coating in a nitrogen environment to blade printing in ambient air, retaining a PCE of 16.0%, showing its potential for high‐throughput and scalable production. In addition, a comparative analysis of OSCs processed with hazardous and green solvents was conducted to reveal the differences in phase aggregation. This work not only underscores the significance of sustainability in OSCs but also lays the groundwork for unlocking the full potential of open‐air‐printable sustainable OSCs for commercialization.
Zero‐sample face retrieval combining large language model and visual base model for IoT
Authors: Lu Jin , Chen Meifen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to face retrieval that leverages the capabilities of large language models and visual base models, marking a significant departure from traditional IoT text retrieval methods that depend on extensive data collection and model training. By eliminating the need for text‐image pair data collection and model training, our method not only dramatically reduces the data and computational costs associated with IoT applications but also achieves high accuracy in face retrieval, as demonstrated by a 72% top‐1 accuracy and 93% top‐3 accuracy on the Celeb‐A dataset. This substantial improvement in efficiency and performance has profound implications for the future of IoT systems, potentially revolutionizing face recognition technology by enabling more scalable, cost‐effective, and accurate solutions. The successful application of zero‐sample face retrieval illustrates the transformative impact that advanced AI models can have on real‐world applications and opens new avenues for research and development in the realm of intelligent IoT devices.
Does the radical GPRI strongly depend on the population scheme? A comparative study to predict radical attack on unsaturated molecules with the radical general‐purpose reactivity indicator
Authors: Barrera Yoshio , Anderson James S. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe reactivity of 22 unsaturated molecules undergoing attack by a methyl radical (⋅CH3) have been elucidated using the condensed radical general‐purpose reactivity indicator (condensed radical GPRI) appropriate for relatively nucleophilic or electrophilic molecules. Using the appropriate radical GPRI equation for electrophilic attack or nucleophilic radical attack, seven different population schemes were used to assign the most reactive atoms in each of the 22 molecules. The results show that the condensed radical GPRI is sensitive to the population scheme chosen, but less sensitive than the radical Fukui function. Therefore, the reliability of these methods depends on the population scheme. Our investigation indicates that the condensed radical GPRI is most accurate in predicting the dominant products of the methyl radical addition reactions on a variety of unsaturated molecules when the Hirshfeld, Merz–Singh–Kollman, or Voronoi deformation density population schemes are used. Furthermore, for all populations schemes in the majority of instances where the radical Fukui function failed the radical GPRI was able to identify the most reactive atom under certain reactivity conditions.
Advances in machine learning with chemical language models in molecular property and reaction outcome predictions
Authors: Das Manajit , Ghosh Ankit , Sunoj Raghavan B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMolecular properties and reactions form the foundation of chemical space. Over the years, innumerable molecules have been synthesized, a smaller fraction of them found immediate applications, while a larger proportion served as a testimony to creative and empirical nature of the domain of chemical science. With increasing emphasis on sustainable practices, it is desirable that a target set of molecules are synthesized preferably through a fewer empirical attempts instead of a larger library, to realize an active candidate. In this front, predictive endeavors using machine learning (ML) models built on available data acquire high timely significance. Prediction of molecular property and reaction outcome remain one of the burgeoning applications of ML in chemical science. Among several methods of encoding molecular samples for ML models, the ones that employ language like representations are gaining steady popularity. Such representations would additionally help adopt well‐developed natural language processing (NLP) models for chemical applications. Given this advantageous background, herein we describe several successful chemical applications of NLP focusing on molecular property and reaction outcome predictions. From relatively simpler recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to complex models like transformers, different network architecture have been leveraged for tasks such as de novo drug design, catalyst generation, forward and retro‐synthesis predictions. The chemical language model (CLM) provides promising avenues toward a broad range of applications in a time and cost‐effective manner. While we showcase an optimistic outlook of CLMs, attention is also placed on the persisting challenges in reaction domain, which would optimistically be addressed by advanced algorithms tailored to chemical language and with increased availability of high‐quality datasets.
Investigating engineering undergraduates' agentic and communal career values in writing responses
Authors: Lee Hye Rin , Safavian Nayssan , Dicke Anna‐Lena , Eccles Jacquelynne S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundA perceived fit between personal values and what a career offers is critical for college students pursuing and persisting in that career.Purpose/Hypothesis(es)We, therefore, investigated the career values of engineering undergraduates through language in two different studies. Study 1 (N = 35) examined students' written postgraduation plans for agentic and communal career value themes. Drawing on Study 1 themes, Study 2 (N = 918) examined the association of achievement‐related and interpersonal word categories in written narratives to surveyed career values.Design/MethodIn Study 1, inductive and deductive approaches were used to identify agentic and communal career values. In Study 2, regressions were conducted using achievement‐related and interpersonal words as outcomes.ResultsStudy 1 found agentic and communal value themes. Agentic value themes included career, personal development, and financial gains. Communal value themes included helping others and being family‐oriented. Results from Study 2 showed that students' language use in the discussion of their careers was associated with surveyed career values.ConclusionAlthough engineering students hold more agentic than communal values, they hold both career values, which may have implications for supporting students from diverse backgrounds.
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 7. Hislopia, Echinella and Timwoodiellina
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Hirose Masato , Wood Timothy S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCtenostome bryozoans are a small group of gymnolaemates comprising less than 400 recent species. They are paraphyletic and ctenostome‐grade ancestors gave rise to Cheilostomata, the most dominant and speciose taxon of Bryozoa in the present day. Investigations into ctenostomes are important for reconstructing character evolution among Gymnolaemata. As a continuation of studies on a morphological series of ctenostome bryozoans, we herein investigate six species of hislopiids, a small clade of three genera occurring in freshwater habitats. The general morphology of all species is similar in having primarily uniserial chains of encrusting zooids, which are mostly oval to ellipsoid and have a flattened frontobasal axis. Hislopia prolixa and Echinella placoides often have more slender zooids with a higher frontobasal axis. Apertures of hislopiids are quadrangular, lined by a thickened cuticle. Apertural spines are present in various lengths in E. placoides, Hislopia lacustris and Hislopia corderoi. The remaining cuticle is rather thin except at lateral areas, close to the pore‐plates which are prominent in hislopiids because of abundant special and limiting cells. All species except H. corderoi and Timwoodiellina natans have a prominent collar obstructing the vestibulum, whereas the latter two species instead have an ‘external collar’ as cuticular, outer folds projecting over the aperture. Hislopiid lophophores carry eight, or more commonly 12−18 tentacles. The digestive tract is distinguished by an often highly elongated esophagus and/or cardia, with the latter always having a prominent bulbous part in the form of a proventriculus—or gizzard in E. placoides. The caecum is extensive in all species. In Hislopia the intestine is characteristically two‐chambered with a proximal and distal part before entering an anal tube of various length. The latter is present in all species except T. natans and terminates in mid‐lophophoral area. Oocytes in E. placoides are large and macrolecithal indicating brooding and the production of lecithotrophic larvae. Hislopia species produce small, oligolecithal ones, which suggests zygote spawning and planktotrophy. In general, the morphology is similar among the different hislopiids with characters of the gut aiding in delineating the genera Echinella and Timwoodiellina.
Human MARCH1, 2, and 8 block Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein cleavage via targeting furin P domain
Authors: Yu Changqing , Bai Yuanzhe , Tan Wenbo , Bai Yu , Li Xuemei , Zhou Yulong , Zhai Jingbo , Xue Mengzhou , Tang Yan‐Dong , Zheng Chunfu , Liu Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMembrane‐associated RING‐CH (MARCH) family proteins were recently reported to inhibit viral replication through multiple modes. Previous work showed that human MARCH8 blocked Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) maturation. Our study here demonstrates that human MARCH1 and MARCH2 share a similar pattern to MARCH8 in restricting EBOV GP‐pseudotyped viral infection. Human MARCH1 and MARCH2 retain EBOV GP at the trans‐Golgi network, reduce its cell surface display, and impair EBOV GP‐pseudotyped virions infectivity. Furthermore, we uncover that the host proprotein convertase furin could interact with human MARCH1/2 and EBOV GP intracellularly. Importantly, the furin P domain is verified to be recognized by MARCH1/2/8, which is critical for their blocking activities. Besides, bovine MARCH2 and murine MARCH1 also impair EBOV GP proteolytic processing. Altogether, our findings confirm that MARCH1/2 proteins of different mammalian origins showed a relatively conserved feature in blocking EBOV GP cleavage, which could provide clues for subsequent MARCHs antiviral studies and may facilitate the development of novel strategies to antagonize enveloped virus infection.
Preservation of plant‐wax biomarkers in deserts: implications for Quaternary environment and human evolutionary studies
Authors: Jha Deepak Kumar , Patalano Robert , Ilgner Jana , Achyuthan Hema , Alsharekh Abdullah M. , Armitage Simon , Blinkhorn James , Boivin Nicole , Breeze Paul S. , Devra Ravindra , Drake Nicholas , Groucutt Huw S. , Guagnin Maria , Roberts Patrick , Petraglia Michael 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTAnalysis of plant‐wax biomarkers from sedimentary sequences can enable past environmental and hydrological reconstruction and provide insights into past hominin adaptations. However, biomarker preservation in desert contexts has been considered unlikely given the sparse nature of the vegetation within the landscape. Here we evaluate the preservation of n‐alkanes and fatty acids collected from four depositional sequences associated with archaeological contexts in the Nefud Desert, Saudi Arabia, and the Thar Desert, India. Pleistocene and Holocene samples were selected to understand the effects of age on preservation. The results of molecular distribution patterns and indices, particularly the high carbon preference index and average chain length, show the preservation of plant‐wax biomarkers in both the Holocene and Pleistocene desert sequences, while δ13C values and organic content provide insights into the vegetation contributing to the plant‐wax organic pool. This study provides a baseline for understanding human–environment interactions and for reconstructing changes in arid land habitats of relevance to hominins during the Quaternary.
Accelerate or brake?—The connection of credit gaps and economic disequilibrium
Authors: Fazekas Balázs , Póta Cserne Panka , Becsky‐Nagy Patrícia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCredit supply shocks significantly aggravate the impact of economic recessions. Understanding the underlying reasons why credit market shocks occur and detecting the market turbulences in time can give a decision support tool for the economic policy to intervene more efficiently on the market and to reduce the effect of economic downturns. The goal of the current article is to investigate the factors that signal possible credit shocks by analyzing the quarterly data of 17 European countries over the period 1995–2021. The focus of the article is on the credit given to the nonfinancial corporations. In our analysis, we have built on the credit gap methodology by determining the deviations of the lending activity from its trend, and then we have modeled these credit gaps using fundamental macroeconomic indicators, such as the balance of the current account, the ratio of short‐ and long‐term capital investments and government debt. Our conclusion is that in the presence of fundamental disequilibrium in the economy excessive lending creates positive credit gaps that increase the chance of negative credit market shocks. According to our new findings, the existing credit gap methodology can be improved by incorporating real economic factors; slowing long‐term capital investment and increasing the deficit of the current account signal the emergence of a credit gap. We found significant regional heterogeneity as in Southern European countries, and the credit gaps were more substantial. Among the investigated macroeconomic factors, the governmental indebtedness was especially high in these countries suggesting that countries with high public debt rates are more prone to develop credit gaps.
P‐toluenesulfonychloride‐based niosomes for Amphotericin‐B against Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ali Imdad , Yousuf Sammer , Ullah Shafi , Ali Israr , Siddiqui Mahwish , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Shah Muhammad Raza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNonionic‐surfactants have been reported as nanocarriers for delivering low bioavailable drugs at the target sites. In the current study, two new nonionic surfactants were synthesized to enhance the oral bioavailability of the low water‐soluble antifungal drug Amphotericin‐B. The hemolysis effect of nonionic surfactants on red blood cells and cytotoxicity against the 3T3 cell line was studied. Both surfactants have shown low hemolysis and cytotoxicity as compared to standard Tween 80. The morphology of drug‐loaded niosomes of nonionic surfactants 1 and 2 was studied by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and both surfactants based vesicles were spherical, while their average sizes were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) values of surfactants 1 and 2 were 282 ± 3 nm, −8 ± 1 mV, 0.26 and 287 ± 3 nm, −10 ± 1 mV, 0.24. The drug entrapment efficiency and critical micelle concentrations of nonionic surfactants were determined by using UV–visible spectroscopy. The structures of surfactants 1 and 2 were assessed through single‐crystal x‐ray crystallographic analysis, while Hirshfeld analysis was performed to study the intermolecular interactions of molecules, as well as the packing behavior of their crystals. The nonionic‐surfactant 1 was further tested for antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes, in both drug‐loaded and unloaded niosomal vesicular forms. The nonionic surfactant 1 was found to be a potentanti‐leishmanial agent in the drug‐loaded form with IC50 = 3.02 ± 0.91 μM in comparison to their standard drugs Amphotericin‐B (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.04 μM) and miltefosine (IC50 = 42.2 ± 0.6 μM) (p < 0.1). These results, therefore, form the basis of further results towards efficient drug delivery against tropical disease Leishmaniasis.
Localization of Lupoid Leishmaniasis on the face: A case control study
Authors: Yazdanpanah Mohammad J. , Moradpour Rosita , Taheri Ahmad R. , Esmaily Habibollah , Afroushteh Omalbanin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn Lupoid Leishmaniasis, erythematous to brown papules often occur around a central old scar, which can expand over time. For unclear reasons, these lesions tend to develop on the facial area.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to study the distribution of Lupoid Leishmaniasis lesions on the face and compare them with those of acute leishmaniasis.MethodsThis case‐control study included 100 patients with the acute type of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Lupoid Leishmaniasis who were referred to the dermatology clinics of Ghaem and Emamreza hospitals. We recorded lesion morphology, demographic data and locations of lesions on the face.ResultsWe enrolled 55 patients with acute leishmaniasis and 45 patients with Lupoid Leishmaniasis, with a mean age of 21.30 ± 20.71 years. There were no significant differences in age (p = 0.78), gender (p = 0.48), and the distribution of lesions on different anatomical areas (p = 0.22) between the two groups. In both groups, the involvement of the zygoma was significantly higher than in other areas on the face (p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur study reveals that the anatomical location does not play a role in lesion evolving into Lupoid form.