bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agile development for urban digitalisation: insights from the creation of Dresden’s smart city strategy
Authors: Noennig Jörg Rainer , Mello Rose Filipe , Stadelhofer Paul , Jannack Anja , Kulashri Swati 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Digitalising cities requires new urban governance processes that account for rapidly changing environments and technological advances. In this context, agile development methods have become valuable, if not necessary. However, agile development contradicts public administration practices of risk aversion and long-term planning. The purpose of this study is to discuss practical avenues for navigating these two contradictions by adapting agile development to the needs of public sector organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors review the collaborative elaboration of Dresden’s smart city strategy as a critical case study. Dresden’s smart city strategy was developed using agile development and quadruple-helix innovation. The year-long co-creation process involved stakeholders from various groups to conceive an integrated and sustainable vision for digitalisation-based urban development.

Findings
Despite the apparent contradictions, this study finds that key aspects of agile development are feasible for public sector innovation. Firstly, risks can be strategically managed and distributed among administration and non-administration stakeholders. Secondly, while delivering value through short iterative loops, adherence to formal processes remains possible. Informal feedback cycles can be harmoniously combined with official statements, allowing iterative progress.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical material is based on a single case study and thus risks overemphasising the general applicability of the proposed methods.

Practical implications
This paper outlines practical steps to greater agility for public administration engaged in digitalising cities. The paper conceptualises a forward and lateral momentum for the agile development of a smart city strategy that aims to reconcile formal policymaking processes with short-term loops and risk aversion with experimental value creation. This approach balanced risks, created value and enhanced the strategy‘s alignment with strategic frameworks, ultimately promoting innovation in the public sector.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a novel, empirically grounded conceptualisation of implementing agile methods that explicitly recognises the peculiarities of public administrations. It conceptualises the orchestrated and pragmatic use of specific agile development methods to advance the digitalisation of cities.
Plant diversity and functional identity drive grassland rhizobacterial community responses after 15 years of CO2 and nitrogen enrichment
Authors: Revillini Daniel , Reich Peter B. , Johnson Nancy Collins 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Improved understanding of bacterial community responses to multiple environmental filters over long time periods is a fundamental step to develop mechanistic explanations of plant–bacterial interactions as environmental change progresses.

This is the first study to examine responses of grassland root‐associated bacterial communities to 15 years of experimental manipulations of plant species richness, functional group and factorial enrichment of atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and soil nitrogen (+N).

Across the experiment, plant species richness was the strongest predictor of rhizobacterial community composition, followed by +N, with no observed effect of eCO2. Monocultures of C3 and C4 grasses and legumes all exhibited dissimilar rhizobacterial communities within and among those groups. Functional responses were also dependent on plant functional group, where N2‐fixation genes, NO3−‐reducing genes and P‐solubilizing predicted gene abundances increased under resource‐enriched conditions for grasses, but generally declined for legumes. In diverse plots with 16 plant species, the interaction of eCO2+N altered rhizobacterial composition, while +N increased the predicted abundance of nitrogenase‐encoding genes, and eCO2+N increased the predicted abundance of bacterial P‐solubilizing genes.

Synthesis: Our findings suggest that rhizobacterial community structure and function will be affected by important global environmental change factors such as eCO2, but these responses are primarily contingent on plant species richness and the selective influence of different plant functional groups.
Investigation on muscle fiber types and meat quality and estimation of their heritability and correlation coefficients with each other in four pig populations
Authors: Yan Min , Li Longyun , Huang Yizhong , Tang Xi , Shu Yujie , Cui Dengshuai , Yu Chuangang , Hu Yongqiang , Ma Junwu , Xiao Shijun , Guo Yuanmei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the muscle fiber types and meat quality in four populations and estimate the heritability and correlation coefficients of those traits in Shanxia long black pig (SX). In this study, a total of 318 pigs were recorded for 16 traits of the muscle fiber types and meat quality in four populations, including 256 individuals from the new breed SX. The population had a significant effect on all recorded traits, and the meat quality of the Lulai black pig was better than the remaining populations. The heritability (h2) of meat quality traits was from 0.06 (pH at 24 h) to 0.47 (shearing force), and the muscle fiber types belonged to the traits with low to medium heritability. The density of total fiber had the highest h2 (0.40), while the percentage of type IIA had the lowest h2 (0.04). Most traits are phenotypically correlated with each other, but only a small proportion of traits are genetically correlated with each other. None fiber type genetically correlated with meat quality significantly, because the genetic correlation coefficients had large standard errors. These results provided some insights into genetic improvements for the meat quality in pig breeds and also indicated that the parameters of muscle fiber characteristics can explain parts of the variation in meat quality.
Note‐taking by university students on paper or a computer: Strategies during initial note‐taking and revision
Authors: Cojean Salomé , Grand Manon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTaking notes during learning has benefits both during class (through writing things down to encode information) and after class (by using written notes as external storage for revision). Comparisons of note‐taking methods (i.e., using paper or a computer) have mainly shown that paper leads to better learning. However, previous studies have mostly been conducted in laboratory contexts.AimsThe current study investigates university students' perceptions of the efficacity of their own preferred note‐taking method, along with the strategies they employ.SampleData were collected from 108 university students.MethodsStudents answered a questionnaire about their note‐taking strategies during initial note‐taking (in class) and revision (after class).ResultsThe results show that students who take notes on paper do not consider their method to be more effective, but they report engaging in more reformulation and less multitasking. Students who take notes on a computer are more likely to reformat their notes, and thus to reformulate at a later stage. For all students, review sheets are mostly done on paper.ConclusionsThese results suggest that although students are not necessarily aware of the benefits of reformulation associated with handwriting on paper during initial note‐taking, when revising, they tend to choose handwriting and benefit from reformulation when aiming for deeper processing. Therefore, revision activities remain mainly paper‐based.
Unpacking the complexities, challenges, and nuances of museum community engagement practitioners' narratives on knowledge production in Scotland
Authors: Wallen Linnea , Docherty‐Hughes John R. , Darling Stephen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper explores how community engagement practitioners understand their knowledge production work in facilitating and choreographing dialogical spaces (Freire, 2005) within which “organic intellectuals” (Gramsci, 1971) and “alternative” knowledge emerge. Using a qualitative, phenomenological research strategy, data were generated through semi‐structured interviews with community engagement practitioners in Scotland. Practitioners emphasize the importance of equity in the relationship with project participants in knowledge production. Practitioners' narratives reveal how those relationships are realized and how these inform their own and the museum institutions' practice. We acknowledge that community‐based project participants' expertise is prioritized by practitioners as critical to effective community engagement. We argue for a nuanced conceptualization—and appreciation—of the complexities inherent in museum community engagement practice, which is often absent in museum studies work. This conceptualization is embedded in practitioners' subjective experiences and reflections, as well as structural contexts, which simultaneously enable and constrain meaningful community engagement work.
Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide in people with type 2 diabetes by baseline body mass index: An exploratory subgroup analysis of SURPASS‐AP‐Combo
Authors: Ma Jianhua , Liu Ming , Wang Rui , Du Liying , Ji Linong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus insulin glargine in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by baseline body mass index (BMI).Materials and MethodsParticipants with T2D from the Phase 3 SURPASS‐AP‐Combo trial (NCT04093752) were categorized into three BMI subgroups (normal weight [<25 kg/m2], overweight [≥25 and <30 kg/m2], and obese [≥30 kg/m2]) according to World Health Organization criteria. Exploratory outcomes including glycaemic control, body weight, cardiometabolic risk, and safety were compared among three tirzepatide doses (5, 10 or 15 mg) and insulin glargine.ResultsOf 907 participants, 235 (25.9%) had a BMI <25 kg/m2, 458 (50.5%) a BMI ≥25 to <30 kg/m2, and 214 (23.6%) a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 at baseline. At Week 40, all tirzepatide doses led to a greater reduction in mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; −2.0% to −2.8% vs. −0.8% to −1.0%, respectively) and percent change in body weight (−5.5% to −10.8% vs. 1.0% to 2.5%, respectively) versus insulin glargine, across the BMI subgroups. Compared with insulin glargine, a higher proportion of tirzepatide‐treated participants achieved treatment goals for HbA1c and body weight reduction. Improvements in other cardiometabolic indicators were also observed with tirzepatide across all the BMI subgroups. The safety profile of tirzepatide was similar across all subgroups by BMI. The most frequent adverse events with tirzepatide were gastrointestinal‐related events and decreased appetite, with relatively few events leading to treatment discontinuation.ConclusionsIn participants with T2D, regardless of baseline BMI, treatment with tirzepatide resulted in statistically significant and clinically meaningful glycaemic reductions and body weight reductions compared with insulin glargine, with a safety profile consistent with previous reports.
Branched‐chain amino acid levels are inversely associated with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: de Klerk Juliette A. , Bijkerk Roel , Beulens Joline W. J. , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Muilwijk Mirthe , Harms Peter P. , Blom Marieke T. , 't Hart Leendert M. , Slieker Roderick C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the association of plasma metabolites with incident and prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) in people with type 2 diabetes and establish whether this association is causal.Materials and MethodsThe Hoorn Diabetes Care System cohort is a large prospective cohort consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes from the northwest part of the Netherlands. In this cohort we assessed the association of baseline plasma levels of 172 metabolites with incident (Ntotal = 462/Ncase = 81) and prevalent (Ntotal = 1247/Ncase = 120) CKD using logistic regression. Additionally, replication in the UK Biobank, body mass index (BMI) mediation and causality of the association with Mendelian randomization was performed.ResultsElevated levels of total and individual branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs)—valine, leucine and isoleucine—were associated with an increased risk of incident CKD, but with reduced odds of prevalent CKD, where BMI was identified as an effect modifier. The observed inverse effects were replicated in the UK Biobank. Mendelian randomization analysis did not provide evidence for a causal relationship between BCAAs and prevalent CKD.ConclusionsOur study shows the intricate relationship between plasma BCAA levels and CKD in individuals with type 2 diabetes. While an association exists, its manifestation varies based on disease status and BMI, with no definitive evidence supporting a causal link between BCAAs and prevalent CKD.
What happened to the workshop of West Africa? Resilience and decline of handicraft textiles in colonial northern Nigeria, 1911–52
Authors: Travieso Emiliano , Westland Tom 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Sokoto Caliphate of northern Nigeria was the workshop of West Africa in the pre‐colonial nineteenth century, producing famous blue‐black cloth that reached many markets south of the Sahara as well as across it. Under British colonial rule this large handicraft textile industry was faced with the winds of foreign competition. We rely on a newly digitized set of colonial district reports to measure the impact of trade on northern Nigerian textile manufacturing and find that (contrary to British expectations) areas closer to railway stations were less likely to experience industrial decline. We argue that the resilience of local textiles relied on the low opportunity cost of dry‐season labour. Analysing a piece of tax microdata, we show that a low opportunity cost of labour outside of the rainy season was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in textile by‐employment. Seasonal changes in relative factor prices were a trap as well as a refuge. Part‐time employment limited specialization and technological innovation, and can help to explain why northern Nigerian textiles eventually declined. Thus, beyond our particular case study, these results contribute to our understanding of the role of seasonality in determining the structure and pace of development of tropical economies.
Potential merits and flaws of large language models in epilepsy care: A critical review
Authors: van Diessen Eric , van Amerongen Ramon A. , Zijlmans Maeike , Otte Willem M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe current pace of development and applications of large language models (LLMs) is unprecedented and will impact future medical care significantly. In this critical review, we provide the background to better understand these novel artificial intelligence (AI) models and how LLMs can be of future use in the daily care of people with epilepsy. Considering the importance of clinical history taking in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy—combined with the established use of electronic health records—a great potential exists to integrate LLMs in epilepsy care. We present the current available LLM studies in epilepsy. Furthermore, we highlight and compare the most commonly used LLMs and elaborate on how these models can be applied in epilepsy. We further discuss important drawbacks and risks of LLMs, and we provide recommendations for overcoming these limitations.
Equine grass sickness is associated with major abnormalities in the ultrastructure of skeletal neuromuscular junctions
Authors: McGorum Bruce C. , Davey Tracey , Dosi Miranda C. M. , Keen John A. , Morrison Linda R. , Pirie R. Scott , Shaw Darren J. , Harris John B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundEquine grass sickness (EGS) is a frequently fatal multisystem neuropathy of equids. The aetiology is unknown; proposed causes include toxicoinfection with Clostridium botulinum and a mycotoxicosis. The effect of EGS on the organisation and structural integrity of the skeletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the target of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), is unknown.ObjectivesTo compare the organisation and structural integrity of skeletal NMJs from EGS horses, control horses and one horse with a presumptive diagnosis of botulism.Study designBlinded, retrospective case control.MethodsNMJs in samples of diaphragm or intercostal muscle from six EGS horses, three control horses and one equine botulism case were compared using electron microscopy, morphometry and confocal light microscopy.ResultsA significantly higher percentage of EGS NMJs had abnormal morphology (EGS 72.2%, 95% CI 55.6–84.4; Controls 6.9%, 1.7–23.8; OR 35.1, 8.47–244.8; p < 0.001). EGS NMJs had a significantly lower mean volume fraction occupied by synaptic vesicles (SVs) (EGS 18.7%, 12.6–28.0; Controls 36.3%, 20.8–63.4; p = 0.024). EGS NMJs had evidence of accelerated SV exocytosis and SV depletion, accumulation of neurofilament‐like material in terminal boutons and/or bouton degeneration. NMJs from the botulism horse had dense packing of SVs towards the presynaptic membrane active zone, consistent with BoNT intoxication, but had absence of the abnormalities identified in EGS NMJs.Main limitationsGroup sizes were limited by difficulties obtaining suitably processed samples. Ages of control and EGS horses differed. Botulism was diagnosed based on clinical and post mortem findings.ConclusionsEGS is associated with major changes in skeletal NMJ ultrastructure that are inconsistent with the effects of BoNTs. SV depletion may reflect increased exocytosis coupled with reduced repopulation of SVs via anterograde axonal transport and endocytosis, consistent with the action of an excitatory presynaptic toxin and/or neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitor. Skeletal NMJs represent a previously unrecognised target for the toxin that causes EGS.
Vibration bending fatigue analysis of Ti‐6Al‐4V airfoil blades repaired using additive manufacturing
Authors: Smith Lucas , Scott‐Emuakpor Onome , Gockel Joy , Celli Dino , Johnson Philip 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe repair of airfoil blades is an enabling technology to extend the operational life of gas turbine engines. Directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing (AM) provides the ability to add material by melting blown powder using a directed energy source. Seventeen Ti‐6Al‐4V airfoil blades were repaired using DED AM and analyzed to determine what effect the repair will have on the blade performance in high cycle vibration fatigue testing. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) was used to quantify the pores from the AM process. The blades were then subjected to vibrational bending fatigue, used to simulate turbine engine loading conditions, until failure. Only three blades failed in the repaired sections. The identified pore sizes and fatigue stress distribution in the blade were used to suggest that understanding the impact of internal and near surface level pores arising from the AM repair is critical towards the implementation of AM repair in aerospace components under fatigue loading.
Fatigue performance of riser quality girth welds: Analysis of TWI and DNV's databases
Authors: Johnston Carol , Horn Agnes Marie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the fatigue design guidelines which focus on welded joints, when the applied loading is of variable amplitude (variable amplitude loading, VAL), the slope of the S‐N curves at endurances above the slope transition point (STP) changes from m to m + 2 in DNV‐RP‐C203 and BS7608. However, the position of the STP is different in BS7608 and DNV RP C203. This results in different calculated fatigue lives and the difference in calculated fatigue life can be significant. In order to provide better guidance to industry on the approach to use for fatigue analysis of girth welds in pipelines and risers specifically, TWI and DNV carried out a project where the ultimate aim was to provide guidance on a common S‐N curve suitable for calculating the fatigue life of girth welds with focus on the slope change area of the S‐N curves. This was attempted by re‐analyzing TWI's and DNV's databases of girth weld fatigue test results and comparing the outcomes. Although it was not possible to agree on a single STP from the analysis carried out, regression analysis of high endurance results from the databases suggest that an STP between the two current values 1E7 and 5E7 may be plausible. This is supported by fracture mechanics analysis, which suggests that the position of the STP depends on the fatigue Class, and the magnitude of the applied stress ranges.
Abrogation and homeostatic restoration of IgE responses by a universal IgE allergy CTL vaccine—The three signal self/non‐self/self (S/NS/S) theory
Authors: Chen Swey‐Shen , Zhang Hailan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural IgE cytotoxic peptides (nECPs), which are derived from the constant domain of the heavy chain of human IgE producing B cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are decorated onto MHC class 1a molecules (MHCIa) as unique biomarkers for CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte)‐mediated immune surveillance. Human IgE exhibits only one isotype and lacks polymorphisms; IgE is pivotal in mediating diverse, allergen‐specific allergies. Therefore, by disrupting self‐IgE tolerance via costimulation, the CTLs induced by nECPs can serve as universal allergy vaccines (UAVs) in humans to dampen IgE production mediated by diverse allergen‐specific IgE‐secreting B cells and plasma cells expressing surface nECP‐MHCIa as targets. The study herein has enabled the identification of nECPs, A32 and SP‐1/SP‐2 nonameric natural peptides produced through the correspondence principle. Vaccination using nECP induced nECP‐specific CTL that profoundly suppressed human IgE production in vitro as well as chimeric human IgE production in human IgE/HLA‐A2.01/HLA‐B7.02 triple transgenic rodents. Furthermore, nECP‐tetramer‐specific CTLs were found to be converted into CD4 Tregs that restored IgE competence via the homeostatic principle, mediatepred by SREBP‐1c suppressed DCs. Thus, nECPs showed causal efficacy and safety as UAVs for treating categorically type I hypersensitivity IgE‐mediated allergies. The applied vaccination concept presented provides the foundation to unify, integrate through a singular class of tetramer‐specific TCR clonotypes for regulaing human IgE production. The three signal theory pertains to mechanisms of three cells underlying central tolerance (S), breaking self tolerance (NS) and regaining peripheral tolerance (S) via homeostasis concerning nECP as an efficacious and safe UAV to treat type I IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity. The three signal theory impirically extended, may be heuritic for immuno‐regulation of adaptive immune repertoire in general.