bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Concentration‐Controlled Oral Zidovudine Therapy
Authors: Acosta Edward P. , Henry Keith , Page Linda M. , Erice Alejo , Balfour Henry H. , Fletcher Courtney V. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and feasibility of concentration‐controlled oral zidovudine therapy.Design. Randomized, crossover, open‐label study.Setting. University‐affiliated general clinical research center.Patients. Eight individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus with CD4+ lymphocyte counts of 100 cells/μl or greater.Intervention. During the 24‐week study, patients received oral zidovudine regimens that consisted of a standard fixed dose of 500 mg/day and a concentration‐controlled regimen designed to maintain a steady‐state plasma concentration (Css) of 0.187 ± 0.04 mg/L (0.7 ± 0.14 μM).Measurements and Main Results. The mean Css during standard therapy was 0.170 ± 0.024 mg/L versus 0.205 ± 0.021 mg/L with the concentration‐controlled regimen (p=0.025). Respective mean changes in hemoglobin were −0.02 g/dl (range −0.9–0.9 g/dl) and −0.30 g/dl (range −1.5–0.4 g/dl, p=0.67). The absolute neutrophil count decreased 0.90 × 109/L during standard therapy and increased 0.40 × 109/L during concentration‐controlled therapy (p=0.07). The regimens did not differ in toxicity.Conclusion. Concentration‐controlled oral antiretroviral therapy with zidovudine is feasible and safe, and provides pharmacologic data to determine the regimen's virologic and immunologic benefits.
Long‐Acting Diltiazem CD Is Safe and Effective in a Hypertensive Mexican‐American Population
Authors: Herrera Carlos R. , Lewin Andrew , Fiddes Robert , Friedman Jon , Linn William , Baker Thomas , Balanoff Diane , Beach C. L. 
Published: October 2023

Study Objective. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of diltiazem CD for reducing blood pressure in Mexican‐American patients with mild to moderate hypertension.Design. Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.Setting. Twelve clinical sites in the United States.Patients. Patients with baseline diastolic blood pressures between 95 and 115 mm Hg.Interventions. Patients were treated with an average daily dose of diltiazem CD 246 mg (60 patients) or placebo (58 patients) to achieve a trough diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg.Measurements and Main Results. Diltiazem CD significantly reduced mean diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo, −8.2 versus −4.1 mm Hg, respectively (p=0.0025). Diastolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg or a reduction of 10 mm Hg or more was achieved by 57% of diltiazem CD versus 28% of placebo recipients. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were also reduced with diltiazem CD. Adverse events were mild, with similar frequency for diltiazem CD (15%) and placebo (19%).Conclusion. Diltiazem CD is safe and effective in hypertensive Mexican‐Americans, and diastolic blood pressure reductions compare with those in non‐Hispanic white patients.
Identification of Human Glandular Kallikrein hK2 From LNCaP Cells
Authors: GRAUER LANA S. , CHARLESWORTH M. CRISTINE , SAEDI MOHAMMAD S. , FINLAY JUDITH A. , LIU RU‐SHYA , KUUS‐REICHEL KRISTINE , YOUNG CHARLES Y.‐F. , TINDALL DONALD J. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Based on studies indicating that human glandular kallikrein (hK2) mRNA is present in the prostate, we prepared a monoclonal antibody to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 41–56 region of hK2 to try to identify the hK2 protein. Although prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and hK2 share 80% homology, the 41–56 amino acid sequence of hK2 is only 50% homologous with PSA. A monoclonal antibody, HK1A523, was identified that demonstrates high specificity for hK2. In western blot analysis, the antibody has a 1,000‐fold greater sensitivity for the detection of hK2 than for PSA.The antibody was used to probe spent media from the prostate carcinoma cell line, LNCaP. An immunoreactive species was N‐terminally sequenced and identified as mature hK2. HK1A523 was also utilized to probe prostate tumor cytosols and seminal fluid where putative forms of hK2 were also identified. The hK2 protein therefore is expressed and secreted from prostate carcinoma cells.
A Survey of Publicly Available MRI Datasets for Potential Use in Artificial Intelligence Research
Authors: Dishner Katharine A. , McRae‐Posani Bala , Bhowmik Arka , Jochelson Maxine S. , Holodny Andrei , Pinker Katja , Eskreis‐Winkler Sarah , Stember Joseph N. 
Published: October 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to bring transformative improvements to the field of radiology; yet, there are barriers to widespread clinical adoption. One of the most important barriers has been access to large, well‐annotated, widely representative medical image datasets, which can be used to accurately train AI programs. Creating such datasets requires time and expertise and runs into constraints around data security and interoperability, patient privacy, and appropriate data use. Recognizing these challenges, several institutions have started curating and providing publicly available, high‐quality datasets that can be accessed by researchers to advance AI models. The purpose of this work was to review the publicly available MRI datasets that can be used for AI research in radiology. Despite being an emerging field, a simple internet search for open MRI datasets presents an overwhelming number of results. Therefore, we decided to create a survey of the major publicly accessible MRI datasets in different subfields of radiology (brain, body, and musculoskeletal), and list the most important features of value to the AI researcher. To complete this review, we searched for publicly available MRI datasets and assessed them based on several parameters (number of subjects, demographics, area of interest, technical features, and annotations). We reviewed 110 datasets across sub‐fields with 1,686,245 subjects in 12 different areas of interest ranging from spine to cardiac. This review is meant to serve as a reference for researchers to help spur advancements in the field of AI for radiology.Level of EvidenceLevel 4Technical EfficacyStage 6
Serotonin antidepressants and atrial fibrillation burden from cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Koh Youlin , Kwok Cecilia , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Kalman Jonathan M. , Wong Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDepression and anxiety show a bidirectional relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF). Antidepressant use is associated with a reduction in the incidence of AF. However, no studies have examined the relationship between antidepressant use and AF burden (time in AF). This retrospective cohort study examined cardiac implantable device‐detected AF episodes and their relationship with antidepressant use, among other treatment factors.MethodsConsecutive patients from the Western Health Cardiology Department attending pacemaker checks between 2015 and 2021 were included. Patients with permanent AF were excluded, yielding 285 patients with no or paroxysmal AF, with a total of 772 patient encounters. Generalized estimating equations were used to model two processes: binary AF (present/absent) and the number of days in AF for patients with AF.ResultsEach yearly increase with age was associated with an increase in the odds of developing AF (OR 1.03 [1.00–1.05], p = .027). Male gender conferred a reduction in AF incidence (OR 0.30 [0.13–0.68], p = .004). Digoxin use was associated with incident AF (OR 4.43 [1.07–18.4], p = .04). Sotalol and heart‐failure beta blocker use were associated with a decrease in AF burden (IRR 0.30 [0.12–0.78], p = .013 and 0.33 [0.14–0.81], p = .015). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant use was associated with reduced AF burden (IRR 0.27 [0.09–0.81], p = .019), as was selective serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor use (IRR 0.07 [0.03–0.15], p < .001).ConclusionsOlder age, female gender and digoxin are associated with a higher odds of developing incident AF. Sotalol, heart failure beta blockers and serotonin‐based antidepressants are associated with reduced AF burden. Further prospective study into the effects of antidepressants on atrial arrhythmias is warranted.
Protein and energy intake in intensive care unit survivors during the first year of recovery: A descriptive cohort study
Authors: Beumeler Lise F. E. , Visser Edith , Buter Hanneke , Navis Gerjan J. , Boerma E. Christiaan , van Zutphen Tim 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany intensive care unit (ICU) survivors suffer long‐term health issues that affect their quality of life. Nutrition inadequacy can limit their rehabilitation potential. This study investigates nutrition intake and support during ICU admission and recovery.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 81 adult ICU patients with stays ≥48 h were included. Data on dietary intake, feeding strategies, baseline and ICU characteristics, and 1‐year outcomes (physical health and readmission rates) were collected. The number of patients achieving 1.2 gram per kilogram per day of protein and 25 kilocalories per kilogram per day at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after ICU admission was recorded. The impact of dietary supplementation during the year was assessed. Baseline characteristics, intake barriers, and rehabilitation's influence on nutrition intake at 12 months were evaluated, along with the effect of inadequate intake on outcomes.ResultsAfter 12 months, only 10% of 60 patients achieved 1.2 g/kg/day protein intake, whereas 28% reached the advised 25 kcal/kg/day energy target. Supplementary feeding significantly increased protein intake at 3, 6, and 12 months (P = 0.003, P = 0.012, and P = 0.033, respectively) and energy intake at 3 months (P = 0.003). A positive relation was found between female sex and energy intake at 12 months after ICU admission (β = 4.145; P = 0.043) and taste issues were independently associated with higher protein intake (β = 0.363; P = 0.036). However, achieving upper‐quartile protein or energy intake did not translate into improved physical health outcomes.ConclusionContinuous and improved nutrition care is urgently needed to support patients in reaching nutrition adequacy.
Quantitation of native and forced degraded collagens by capillary zone electrophoresis: Method development and validation
Authors: Olabi Mais , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: October 2023

A new capillary zone electrophoresis method for collagen quantitation was developed and validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guideline Q2 (R1). The Sircol collagen assay and ultraviolet spectrometry were employed as reference methods. Capillary zone electrophoresis enables specific, simple, and fast determination within 9 min. It is less user‐dependent and more automated than the Sircol collagen assay. With a limit of detection of 18.0 μg/mL, the new method is less sensitive than the Sircol collagen assay, which has a limit of detection of 6.5 μg/mL. Nonetheless, capillary zone electrophoresis covers a wider linearity range (50‐400 μg/mL) compared to the Sircol collagen assay (5‐80 μg/mL), with similar precision. Additional advantages of capillary zone electrophoresis are the ability to gain information on collagen integrity and to simultaneously determine native and denatured collagens. This approach represents a modern and legitimate alternative to the Sircol collagen assay. The developed method has been successfully applied to the study of three collagen products and samples from forced degradation.
Effect of nutrient management and soil type on stoichiometric imbalances across the Yangtze River Basin pear districts, China
Authors: Fu Haoran , Chen Hong , Ma Zhengbo , Ma Qingxu , Mao Xiali , Liu Xiu , Zhou Jingjie , Hou Yuqi , Wu Lianghuan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNutrition management affects soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) cycles, as well as their stoichiometry, causing further stoichiometric imbalances. However, research on the effect of nutrient management on soil stoichiometric imbalance is restricted to a single soil type, limiting our understanding of the interactions between these parameters. Therefore, we conducted a study comprising 212 sites throughout the Yangtze River Basin pear districts, for which nutrient management and soil properties were available under different soil types. Soil stoichiometric imbalances varied widely among the districts, with an average C:P imbalance value (C:Pim) of 6.67, higher than that of C:N imbalance (C:Nim; 6.43) and N:P imbalance (N:Pim; 2.83). Meanwhile, soil and microbial biomass stoichiometry, particularly for soil C:P and soil microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus (MBC:MBP), were significantly influenced by nutrient addition. Large N and P fertilizer inputs altered soil C:N and C:P in yellow–brown earth, while soil C:P was influenced by organic nutrient management in purplish soil. Moreover, adding organic nutrients altered the MBP, which further influenced MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP in saline–alkaline soil and yellow–brown earth. Furthermore, C:Pim increased with increasing organic nutrient input in purple soil and decreased with a large chemical fertilizer input in red soil. N:Pim and C:Nim were weakly associated with nutrient management in different soil types. In addition, nutrition management, soil type, soil properties, and microbe content collectively accounted for 45%, 32%, and 38% of the C:Pim, C:Nim, and N:Pim variation, respectively. Nutrient management also exerted a positive direct impact on C:Pim, while soil type elicited a negative direct impact on C:Nim and N:Pim. Meanwhile, all three stoichiometric imbalances were indirectly influenced by soil type. Taken together, our results indicate that soil stoichiometric imbalances, especially for C:Pim, are sensitive to nutrient management and soil type, providing novel insights into these imbalances that can inform the development of potential remedial strategies.
Paradoxical Modulation of STN β‐Band Activity with Medication Compared to Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Hill Meghan E. , Johnson Luke A. , Wang Jing , Escobar Sanabria David , Patriat Rémi , Cooper Scott E. , Park Michael C. , Harel Noam , Vitek Jerrold L. , Aman Joshua E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundExcessive subthalamic nucleus (STN) β‐band (13–35 Hz) synchronized oscillations has garnered interest as a biomarker for characterizing disease state and developing adaptive stimulation systems for Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectivesTo report on a patient with abnormal treatment‐responsive modulation in the β‐band.MethodsWe examined STN local field potentials from an externalized deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead while assessing PD motor signs in four conditions (OFF, MEDS, DBS, and MEDS+DBS).ResultsThe patient presented here exhibited a paradoxical increase in β power following administration of levodopa and pramipexole (MEDS), but an attenuation in β power during DBS and MEDS+DBS despite clinical improvement of 50% or greater under all three therapeutic conditions.ConclusionsThis case highlights the need for further study on the role of β oscillations in the pathophysiology of PD and the importance of personalized approaches to the development of β or other biomarker‐based DBS closed loop algorithms. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Simultaneous creatine and phosphocreatine mapping of skeletal muscle by CEST MRI at 3T
Authors: Ju Licheng , Wang Kexin , Schär Michael , Xu Su , Rogers Joshua , Zhu Dan , Qin Qin , Weiss Robert G. , Xu Jiadi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo confirm that CrCEST in muscle exhibits a slow‐exchanging process, and to obtain high‐resolution amide, creatine (Cr), and phosphocreatine (PCr) maps of skeletal muscle using a POlynomial and Lorentzian Line‐shape Fitting (PLOF) CEST at 3T.MethodsWe used dynamic changes in PCr/CrCEST of mouse hindlimb before and after euthanasia to assign the Cr and PCr CEST peaks in the Z‐spectrum at 3T and to obtain the optimum saturation parameters. Segmented 3D EPI was employed to obtain multi‐slice amide, PCr, and Cr CEST maps of human skeletal muscle. Subsequently, the PCrCEST maps were calibrated using the PCr concentrations determined by 31P MRS.ResultsA comparison of the Z‐spectra in mouse hindlimb before and after euthanasia indicated that CrCEST is a slow‐exchanging process in muscle (<150.7 s−1). This allowed us to simultaneously extract PCr/CrCEST signals at 3T using the PLOF method. We determined optimal B1 values ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 μT for CrCEST in muscle and 0.3–1.2 μT for PCrCEST. For the study on human calf muscle, we determined an optimum saturation time of 2 s for both PCr/CrCEST (B1 = 0.6 μT). The PCr/CrCEST using 3D EPI were found to be comparable to those obtained using turbo spin echo (TSE). (3D EPI/TSE PCr: (2.6 ± 0.3) %/(2.3 ± 0.1) %; Cr: (1.3 ± 0.1) %/(1.4 ± 0.07) %).ConclusionsOur study showed that in vivo CrCEST is a slow‐exchanging process. Hence, amide, Cr, and PCr CEST in the skeletal muscle can be mapped simultaneously at 3T by PLOF CEST.
Nitric oxide signaling pathways in the normal and pathological bladder: Do they provide new pharmacological pathways?—ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Chakrabarty Basu , Winder Michael , Kanai Anthony J. , Hashitani Hikaru , Drake Marcus , Abrams Paul , Fry Christopher H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsThe nitric oxide (NO•)/soluble guanylate cyclase/cyclic‐GMP (cGMP) signaling pathway is ubiquitous and regulates several functions in physiological systems as diverse as the vascular, nervous, and renal systems. However, its roles in determining normal and abnormal lower urinary tract functions are unclear. The aim was to identify potential therapeutic targets associated with this pathway to manage lower urinary tract functional disorders.MethodsThis review summarizes a workshop held under the auspices of ICI‐RS with a view to address these questions.ResultsFour areas were addressed: NO• signaling to regulate neurotransmitter release to detrusor smooth muscle; its potential dual roles in alleviating and exacerbating inflammatory pathways; its ability to act as an antifibrotic mediator; and the control by nitrergic nerves of lower urinary tract vascular dynamics and the contractile performance of muscular regions of the bladder wall. Central to much of the discussion was the role of the NO• receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in regulating the generation of the enzyme product, the second messenger cGMP. The redox state of sGC is crucial in determining its enzymic activity and the role of a class of novel agents, sGC activators, to optimize activity and to potentially alleviate the consequences of lower urinary tract disorders was highlighted. In addition, the consequences of a functional relationship between nitrergic and sympathetic nerves to regulate vascular dynamics was discussed.ConclusionsSeveral potential NO•‐dependent drug targets in the lower urinary tract were identified that provide the basis for future research and translation to clinical trials.
A quality improvement initiative standardizing premedication for blood product transfusions
Authors: Shahid Sanam , Rosenzweig Jaclyn , Troullioud Lucas Alexandre , McThenia Sheila S. , Fong Christina , Degliuomini Melanie D. , Wuest David , Kaicker Shipra , Slotkin Emily K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFor children with cancer, blood product transfusions are crucial, but can be complicated by transfusion reactions. To prevent these complications, premedication is often given, although not always evidence‐based. Herein, we describe a significant decrease in the use of premedication (72%–28%) at our institution after the implementation of standardized guidelines, without an increase in transfusion reactions (3.2% prior vs. 1.5% after standardization). Importantly, there were no severe transfusion reactions leading to hospitalization or death. Our results provide evidence in favor of more judicious use of premedication prior to transfusions in patients 21 years and younger being treated for cancer.
Diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of pediatric benign pneumoperitoneum: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Liu Yueyue , Kang Quan , Liu Guobin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPneumoperitoneum is one of the common acute abdominal emergencies that leads to surgical exploration in children, but not all pneumoperitoneum require emergency surgery. This study evaluated the diagnostic methods, predisposing risk factors, and therapeutic options in children with benign pneumoperitoneum for accurate diagnosis and reducing the risk of adverse surgical consequences. A total of 63 cases of pneumoperitoneum diagnosed by the radiographs were involved in this study and were divided into the surgical pneumoperitoneum and benign pneumoperitoneum groups, respectively, from 2009 to 2021. The general information, abdominal signs, laboratory examination, therapies and outcomes, total hospitalization time, and comorbidities were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis assessed the risk factors and protective factors of benign pneumoperitoneum. Promising biomarkers underwent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Children with surgical pneumoperitoneum were younger than those with nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum in the study. The C‐reactive protein (CRP) level in the surgical pneumoperitoneum group was higher than that in the other group, albumin (ALB) was lower than that in the benign pneumoperitoneum group, and the ratio of ALB to CRP can be used as an effective indicator to predict whether the pneumoperitoneum is benign or whether surgery is needed. Pulmonary injury, pneumonia, and blunt abdominal injury are the major causes in patients with benign pneumoperitoneum. The establishment and management of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of benign pneumoperitoneum in children will be important for the treatment and recovery of children diagnosed with pneumoperitoneum.
Acute kidney injury after living‐related liver transplantation in infants with biliary atresia: A retrospective study
Authors: Liu Wei , Dai Xiaoke , Guo Hongxia , You Chengyan , Du Min , Li Qiu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent postoperative complication after liver transplantation, renal function following living‐related liver transplantation (LRLT) in infants remains understudied. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of AKI and the impact of AKI on outcomes in infant recipients with biliary atresia. We retrospectively reviewed infants who underwent LRLT surgery between January 2018 and January 2021. The primary outcome was the risk of postoperative AKI occurrence in the first 7 postoperative days. A multivariate regression analysis model was used to investigate risk factors for AKI, and the incidence and impacts of AKI on outcomes were analyzed. A total of 98 patients were included in the analysis. AKI occurred in 59 patients (60.2%) within 7 days after surgery. Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative transfusion (p < 0.05) and lower serum creatinine (SCr) (p < 0.05) were independent risk factors for AKI. The incidence of serious complications was significantly higher in the AKI group than in the non‐AKI group (p < 0.05). The postoperative mechanical ventilation time (p < 0.05) and hospital stay (p = 0.019) were significantly longer in the AKI group. There was no evidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in any surviving infants within 1 year after surgery. In conclusion, AKI is common in infant LRLT (60.2%), and preoperative transfusion and lower SCr levels were independently associated with AKI. AKI may be associated with the incidence of serious complications, prolonged use of ventilators, and hospital stays. No CKD occurred within 1 year.