bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical sampling – practical advice in the field of quality assurance
Authors: Scott Martin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough many people who conduct experiments accept that in certain scenarios some sort of sampling is necessary, it is often unclear why a clear and pre‐defined sampling process is so important, and indeed, why it is needed at all. As a consequence, statisticians are often called in, sometimes at the last minute, to select the most ‘appropriate’ sample using some sort of complex computer algorithm behind closed doors. The method of selecting the sample remains a secret to those outside the realms of statistics, thereby making the process of sampling and statistics in general, ever more elusive to the nonstatistician and thus ensuring that the future prospects of careers for statisticians remain as attractive as ever. Is the process of sampling difficult to understand and implement? The answer is NO. In fact, the concept of sampling is simple and the methods far from complicated. It is often the case, however, that topics of a mathematical nature are poorly explained and are consequently poorly understood. It is thus sometimes necessary that an appropriate introduction and helpful explanation regarding their use, process of implementation, and possible benefits be made available. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some characteristics of a good monitor
Authors: Nickols Pamela Charnley 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDo you know anyone like this?Strong and healthy, patient, sociable, persuasive, knowledgeable, determined, hardworking, numerate and well trained, unsociable, nosey and doggedly persistent possessed of psychic powers. If so you may wish to recommend that he or she becomes a monitor. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What's new?
Authors: Bohaychuk Wendy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe What's New? section in the Quality Assurance Journal aims to draw your attention to items of importance to QA professionals. Each item will be linked to the relevant internet address which you might add to your ‘favorites’ folders. If there is any other new information which should be brought to the attention of readers, please let us know by e‐mailing wbohaychuk@gcrpc.com Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate monitoring of batch process startup
Authors: Wurl Robin C. , Albin Susan L. , Shiffer Irwin J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA batch process is finite in duration and can be separated into two stages: startup and production. We develop a methodology to monitor a batch process during the startup stage to reduce the length of the startup stage. We focus on processes that are characterized by multiple process parameters and product characteristics. Because of the complex interdependencies characterizing the process parameters and product characteristics, it is more effective to evaluate them simultaneously. To address the multivariate nature of the process we use a multivariate statistical model: PLS (Projection to Latent Structures). PLS has been applied to several applications in statistical process monitoring. We present a new application of PLS to the startup stage of a batch process. Iterative adjustments made during startup in search of an acceptable production zone consume considerable amounts of material, labor and equipment time. We develop a monitoring procedure to reduce the time as well as the number of iterations and adjustments needed for startup. A PLS model is constructed, using baseline data, to characterize the relationship among process parameters during good production. The startup stage is monitored using the PLS characterization to determine if the process is consistent with good production. We illustrate the improved startup operations with an example from a batch process in filament extrusion, the application that motivates this work. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QED‐SCF, MCSCF, and coupled‐cluster methods in quantum chemistry
Authors: Ohsaku Tadafumi , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe investigate a method of combining the techniques of quantum chemistry with QED. In our theory, we treat the N‐electron system and the Dirac sea on an equal footing; we regard both of them as the dynamical degrees of freedom of a many‐body system. After the introduction of our QED‐SCF method, the QED‐SCF solutions are classified on the basis of group‐theoretical operations such as time‐reversal, parity and O(3) rotational symmetry. The natural orbitals of general QED‐SCF solutions are determined by diagonalizing the first‐order density matrix. Thus, we obtain the possibility of treating the system under strong QED effect by the methods of quantum chemistry, such as QED‐MCSCF and QED coupled‐cluster approaches. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
On the calculation of arbitrary multielectron molecular integrals over Slater‐type orbitals using recurrence relations for overlap integrals. III. Auxiliary functions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$Q_{nn'}^{q}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$G_{-nn'}^{q}$\end{document}
Authors: Guseinov I. I. , Mamedov B. A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe auxiliary functions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$Q_{nn'}^{q}(p,pt)$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$G_{-nn'}^{q}(p_{a},p,pt)$\end{document} which are used in our previous paper [Guseinov, I. I.; Mamedov, B. A. Int J Quantum Chem 2001, 81, 117] for the computation of multicenter electron‐repulsion integrals over Slater‐type orbitals (STOs) are discussed in detail, and the method is given for their numerical computation. The present method is suitable for all values of the parameters pa, p, and pt. Three‐ and four‐center electron‐repulsion integrals are calculated for extremely large quantum numbers using relations for auxiliary functions obtained in this paper. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Anomalous energy losses for light projectiles traversing a polyvinylformyl resin*
Authors: Porter L. E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMeasurements of the stopping powers of the polyvinylformyl resin known as formvar for 0.67–1.75 MeV protons, 1.19–3.02 MeV alpha particles, and 3.9–10.4 MeV 7Li ions have been analyzed in terms of modified Bethe–Bloch theory for the purpose of extracting values of the dominant parameters of the formalism employed. These parameters are the target mean excitation energy and the Barkas‐effect parameter, plus a single effective‐charge parameter to characterize the interactions of 4He and 7Li projectiles with the target. Whereas results for the Barkas‐effect parameter agreed well with the expected value of 1.4±0.1, results for the mean excitation energy lay about 20% below the value of 71.9 eV based on the assumption of linear additivity of stopping effects. Speculation as to the source of this difference is offered. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Theoretical study on the electronic structure and properties of synthetic MoFe3S3 compounds*
Authors: Stavrev K. K. , Urahata S. , Herz T. , Han J. , Coucouvanis D. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe examine the electronic structure of a series of MoFe3S3 compounds whose spectroscopic and structural parameters have been recently published (J. Han, K. Beck, N. Ockwig, D. Coucouvanis, J Am Chem Soc 1999, 121, 10448). The synthetic Mo/Fe/S compounds under examination are close structural and functional analogs of essential parts of the FeMo‐cofactor in the enzyme nitrogenase. Using the ZINDO program and the projected unrestricted Hartree–Fock (PUHF) method, we have demonstrated that these compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal atoms, with calculated triplet and singlet ground states. The metal atoms are found in reduced oxidation states, namely Mo(III), Fe(II), and Fe(I), in agreement with the experimental isomer shifts and the Mössbauer data previously reported. The addition of carbonyl groups to the MoFe3S3 clusters leads to a withdrawal of electron density from the Mo/Fe/S core and thus affects the strength of the metal–metal and metal–sulfur bonds in the compounds. We also show that the removal of pyridine from the coordination of the Mo atom has a notable effect on the electron delocalization in the Mo/Fe/S core and may lead to preferential localization of the electron density on the iron atoms. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Molecular magnetism via resonating valence bonds for conjugated radicals and selected transition metal complexes
Authors: Klein D. J. , March N. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCurrently there is considerable interest in the nature of exchange interactions leading to unpaired electrons in molecular and cluster magnets. Here, the focus is largely at a qualitative level, via a novel “mean‐field” resonance‐theoretic view, to deal with exchange couplings, so as to allow unpaired electrons in either (or both of) the π‐ and σ‐parts of a (largely organic) bipartite (or alternate) molecular network. The (quantitative) number and (qualitative) location of unpaired spins are dealt with by this simple approach, which also offers some (qualitative) information on the occurrence of low‐lying higher‐spin states. To illustrate the approach it is applied to a variety of systems where the spin sources are conjugated π‐network molecules and polymers, carbenes, variously defected graphites, and a few species involving transition metals, especially Cu. The discussion deals not only with traditional conjugated organics compounds but also with selected inorganic species. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Calculating populations of subcellular compartments using density matrix formalism
Authors: Alexandrov Vadim , Gerstein Mark 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn our earlier paper (Ref. 1) we developed an integrated probabilistic system for predicting the subcellular localization of proteins and estimating the relative populations of the various compartments in yeast. To justify our formulas we show here that there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between our previous calculations and the prediction of a state of a many‐particle quantum system. The equivalence between these two types of predictions can be easily established if one maps the probability of finding a particular protein in a certain subcellular compartment to the probability of measuring the corresponding quantum particle in one of the possible quantum states (the number of proteins being equal to the number of particles in the system, and the number of compartments being equal to the number of achievable quantum states). Once the sought correspondence is established, we can utilize a well‐known formula from quantum statistical mechanics to calculate the overall occupation of a particular quantum state, associating the state with the corresponding subcellular compartment. In the present work we present the details of how we arrived at the formula for the compartment population, borrowing the tools from quantum statistical mechanics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Ladder operators for the modified Pöschl–Teller potential
Authors: Dong Shi‐Hai , Lemus R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA closed form of the normalization constants of the wave function for the modified Pöschl–Teller (MPT) potential is obtained from two different methods. It is shown that the discrete spectrum of the MPT potential is associated to the su(2) algebra. This identification is achieved by means of a realization of raising and lowering operators in terms of the physical variable u=tanh (αx). Analytical expressions for the matrix elements derived from these operators are obtained for the functions \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$u/{\sqrt{1-u^{2}}}$\end{document} and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt{1-u^{2}}\,(d/du)$\end{document}. The harmonic limit of the su(2) operators is also analyzed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 86: 265–272, 2002
Modification of a commercial electrospray nebulizer for operation in a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system at flow rates in the low µL/min range
Authors: Carrier Alain , Parent Josée 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA simple and inexpensive approach to convert the electrospray nebulizer of a commercial liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) system (HP 1100) to accommodate lower flow rates has been proposed and evaluated. This modification consists of simply replacing the nebulizer needle by a commercially available stainless steel needle with a smaller internal diameter. Experiments were conducted in order to optimize operational parameters. Using two different internal diameter needle sizes, flow rates ranging from 1 to 250 µL/min could be accommodated. The modification presented allows an extension of the range of compatible flow rates without major modification of the standard design of the interface. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrolytic electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of C60‐TTF‐C60 derivatives: high‐resolution mass measurement and molecular ion gas‐phase reactivity
Authors: Rondeau David , Kreher David , Cariou Michel , Hudhomme Piétrick , Gorgues Alain , Richomme Pascal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe electrochemical process involved in electrospray ionization is used to obtain odd‐electron molecular ions from C60‐TTF‐C60 and its methano derivatives. Exact mass measurements obtained using high‐resolution mass spectrometry are reported, and the gas‐phase behavior of the radical cation (retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction and [M/2 + H]+ ion formation) is described. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of quartz tube pyrolysis atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry for the generation of bacterial biomarkers
Authors: Tripathi Ashish , Maswadeh Waleed M. , Snyder A. Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExperimental procedures were investigated to improve the efflux of biomolecule pyrolyzates from quartz tube pyrolysis under atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry conditions. Heating regimes, airflows, and ion focusing parameters were optimized to increase the informative mass spectral signals generated from the pyrolysis of Gram‐positive bacterial spores and vegetative cells. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) is found in 5–15% by weight in Gram‐positive Bacillus spores, and the parameter optimization procedures provided an intense mass spectral signature of the m/z 168 protonated DPA molecule with a minimization of pyrolytic and ionization fragments. Moreover, mass spectral information from the optimization protocols yielded peaks and mass patterns characteristic of DNA and RNA nitrogen bases, protein diketopiperazines, and amino sugars. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of a class of uncertain nonlinear affine systems subject to control constraints
Authors: Goodall D. P. , Wang J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPractical and asymptotic stabilization is investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear affine control systems subject to constraints on the control inputs. The uncertain systems are modelled as non‐linear perturbations to a known non‐linear idealized system and a problem formulation based on differential inclusions is adopted. A class of constrained generalized state‐feedback controls (containing both continuous and discontinuous selections) is developed, which guarantees stabilization with a specified region of attraction. In the presence of residual uncertainty, sufficient conditions for global stabilizability are presented, whilst local results are obtained by relaxing these conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State‐feedback H∞ control of nonlinear singularly perturbed systems
Authors: Fridman E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe study the H∞ control problem for an affine singularly perturbed system, which is nonlinear in the state variables. Under suitable assumptions on the linearized problem, we construct ε‐independent composite and linear controllers that solve the local H∞ control problem for the full‐order system for all small enough ε. These controllers solve also the corresponding problem for the descriptor system. The ‘central’ nonlinear controller can be approximated in the form of expansions in the powers of ε. An illustrative example shows that the higher‐order approximate controller achieves the better performance, while the composite (zero‐order approximate) controller leads to the better performance than the linear one. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cadenced runs of impulse and hybrid control systems
Authors: Aubin Jean‐Pierre , Haddad Georges 
Published: August 2002

AbstractImpulse differential inclusions, and in particular, hybrid control systems, are defined by a differential inclusion (or a control system) and a reset map. A run of an impulse differential inclusion is defined by a sequence of cadences, of reinitialized states and of motives describing the evolution along a given cadence between two distinct consecutive impulse times, the value of a motive at the end of a cadence being reset as the next reinitialized state of the next cadence.A cadenced run is then defined by constant cadence, initial state and motive, where the value at the end of the cadence is reset at the same reinitialized state. It plays the role of a ‘discontinuous’ periodic solution of a differential inclusion.We prove that if the sequence of reinitialized states of a run converges to some state, then the run converges to a cadenced run starting from this state, and that, under convexity assumptions, that a cadenced run does exist. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative non‐diagonal controller design for multivariable systems with uncertainty
Authors: García‐Sanz M. , Egaña I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe loop coupling reduction of multivariable systems under the presence of plant uncertainty is currently a most discussed topic. Following the ideas suggested by Horowitz, in this paper the role played by the non‐diagonal controller elements is analysed in order to state a design methodology. Thus, the definition of a coupling matrix and a quality function of the non‐diagonal elements come into use to quantify the amount of loop interaction and to design the controllers, respectively. This yields a criterion that makes possible to propose a sequential design methodology of the fully populated matrix controller, in the quantitative feedback theory (QFT) robust control frame. Finally, a real example with the heat exchanger of a pasteurization plant is included to show the practical use of this technique. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propagation phase noise and impact on future VSAT system design
Authors: Vilar E. , Catalan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe concepts of propagation phase and fm noise are presented comparing oscillator noise with phase fluctuations introduced by the propagation medium. Numerical values of the spectral density and variance are presented. Values of the excess propagation phase noise are presented for measurements obtained at 40 GHz using the F40 Italsat beacon. The ultimate effect of the propagation phase noise is analysed for its effects in (i) a carrier acquisition system and (ii) the irreducible error rate of a digital communications system using MPSK or MQAM constellations. Several parametric studies are given illustrating the use of the expressions and curves obtained, and a way forward for the future analysis of optimization of data rate and throughput is presented. Recommendations are given as regards the future short‐term stability improvement of satellite on board oscillators with implications for the future use of laptop type of portable VSAT stations permitting substantial data throughput. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of historical materials in elementary science classrooms
Authors: Kafai Yasmin B. , Gilliland‐Swetland Anne J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractScience educators have stressed in recent years the importance of providing students with an historical understanding of the development of scientific knowledge. Although many approaches have been suggested for building historical understanding of science, historical source materials have often been deemed too difficult to use with elementary school students. This article reports on a case study that used archival and contemporary source materials in project activities, such as photographs and field notes, to engage students in the processes of data generation, selection, annotation, and evaluation. The curricular science activities of one elementary classroom with 29 fourth and fifth grade students are decribed and analyzed as they build and use archives of historical and contemporary naturalist materials. The article concludes with a discussion of the feasibility and benefits of using historical source materials within elementary science education, as well as the implications for selecting and preparing historical source materials in digital format for use in elementary education. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed 85:349–367, 2001.
Image retrieval system for street‐landscape images using adjectives
Authors: Shibata Tatsuya , Kato Toshikazu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIt has hitherto been difficult to treat landscape images in a database, since their physical characteristics have been described empirically. This paper analyzes the correlation between the physical characteristics (colors, including their brightness, directions, and positions) and their associated adjectives, so that a landscape image can be modeled by using the adjectives. As a result, landscape images can be evaluated automatically, and an unknown landscape image can be retrieved and evaluated. Experiments have been carried out to show the usefulness of the proposed method. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(6): 62–71, 2001
Information retrieval using conceptual index terms for technical papers in a digital library
Authors: Horii Chinatsu , Imai Masakazu , Chihara Kunihiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn a conventional library the librarian eliminates individual differences in concepts in queries and maintains the reliability of information. In a digital library, however, the goal is to not involve people, and so queries which eliminate precision problems in query results are in demand as a replacement for the librarian. In current retrieval systems, precision is improved by using a hierarchical method such as synonym notation processing. In methods based on word systems, processing to handle the inadequate expression of the intention of a query or the semantic interpretation of a query are insufficient, and information retrieval from a more hierarchical perspective is needed. In this paper the authors propose a retrieval method using a hierarchical perspective based on a system of concepts, and not a retrieval method based on conventional word systems. By adopting the EDR electronic dictionary as a thesaurus and using concept information, queries and words which appear in papers are not processed merely as character strings, but are used in queries with consideration for the meaning of the words. The authors' method can estimate imprecise information in the intentions of queries and the meaning hidden in words, allowing for appropriate query results to be provided to users without the cooperation of a librarian. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 32(8): 40–52, 2001