bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of assessing skeletal muscle architecture and tissue organization of the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis muscle using ultrasound and spatial frequency analysis
Authors: Lesinski Melanie , Bashford Gregory , Markov Adrian , Risch Lucie , Cassel Michael 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate inter- and intra-rater reliability as well as the inter-rater interpretation error of ultrasound measurements assessing skeletal muscle architecture and tissue organization of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle.MethodsThe GM and VL of 13 healthy adults (22 ± 3 years) were examined thrice with sagittal B-mode ultrasound: intraday test-retest examination by one investigator (intra-rater) and separate examinations by two investigators (inter-rater). Additionally, images from one investigator were analysed by two interpretators (interpretation error). Muscle architecture was assessed by muscle thickness [MT], fascicle length [FL], as well as superior and inferior pennation angle [PA]. Muscle tissue organization was determined by spatial frequency analysis (SFA: peak spatial frequency radius, peak −6 dB width, PSFR/P6, normalized peak value of amplitude spectrum [Amax], power within peak [PWP], peak power percent). Reliability of ultrasound examination and image interpretation are presented as intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), test-retest variability, standard error of measurement as well as bias and limits of agreement.ResultsGM and VL demonstrated excellent ICCs for inter- and intra-rater reliability, along with excellent ICCs for interpretation error of MT (0.91–0.99), showing minimal variability (&lt;5%) and SEM% (&lt;5%). Systematic bias for MT was less than 1 mm. For PA and FL poor to good ICCs for inter- and intra-rater reliability were revealed (0.41–0.90), with moderate variability (&lt;12%), low SEM% (&lt;10%) and systematic bias between 0.1–1.4°. Tissue organization analysis indicated moderate to good ICCs for inter- and intra-rater reliability. Notably, Amax and PWP consistently held the highest ICC values (0.77–0.87) across all analyses but with higher variability (&lt;24%) and SEM% (&lt;18%), compared to lower variability (&lt;9%) and SEM% (&lt;8%) in other tissue organization parameters. Interpretation error of all muscle tissue organization parameters showed excellent ICCs (0.96–0.999) with very low variability (≤1%) and SEM% (&lt;2%), except Amax &amp; PWP (TRV%: &lt;6%; SEM%: &lt;7%).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability for MT. However, agreement for PA, FL, and SFA parameters was not as strong. Additionally, MT and all SFA parameters exhibited excellent agreement for inter-rater interpretation error. Therefore, the SFA seems to offer the possibility of objectively and reliably evaluating ultrasound images.
Exercise professional education, qualifications, and certifications: a content analysis of job postings in the United States
Authors: Pojednic Rachele , O’Neill Devin P. , Flanagan Molly G. , Bartlett Alexis , Carter Byron LaGary , Kennedy Mary A. 
Published: January 2024

IntroductionGrowth in the field of clinical exercise science and the potential impacts on overall health and wellbeing have driven the need for qualified, clinically trained, exercise professionals. And yet, it is not well understood what specific credentials employers are seeking when hiring exercise professionals.PurposeThe purpose of the study was to examine the qualification requirements for professionals seeking employment in exercise science, exercise physiology, kinesiology or equivalent fields.MethodsSearch platforms Indeed.com and USAJobs.gov were examined within a two week period in 2022. Search terms included “Exercise Physiology”, “Exercise Science”, “Exercise Professional”, “Exercise Prescription”, “Exercise Specialist”, and “Kinesiology”.ResultsA total of n = 739 jobs were retrieved and n = 615 jobs were included: Exercise Science (n = 227), Kinesiology (n = 210), Exercise Physiology (n = 91), Exercise specialist (n = 53), and Exercise prescription (n = 32). Over 70% of the jobs analyzed required a bachelor's degree with the remainder requiring various levels of education. The primary certification required was personal trainer (n = 94), followed by strength and conditioning specialist (n = 33), clinical exercise physiologist (n = 26), group exercise (n = 17), exercise specialist (n = 10), and exercise physiologist (n = 5). Four job focus areas were determined: academic teaching and research, general fitness and worksite wellness, athletic performance and rehabilitation, clinical exercise specialist all with varying levels of degree and certification requirements.DiscussionJob postings related to exercise related professions are varied across the United States with wide-ranging education, credentialing and certification requirements. These findings indicate the timely need for outreach to employers to highlight changing credentialing requirements due to evolving accreditation standards.
Clinical significance of integrin αV and β superfamily members and focal adhesion kinase activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Sakurai Shigeru , Ishida Yasutaka , Shintani Tomoaki , Yamasaki Sachiko , Matsui Kensaku , Hamana Tomoaki , Nobumoto Tadayoshi , Yanamoto Souichi , Hayashido Yasutaka 
Published: January 2024

Objectives: Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane plasma membrane proteins composed of α- and β-chains. They bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoskeletal proteins as ECM protein receptors. Upon ECM protein binding, integrins activate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and transduce various signals. Despite their importance, integrin and FAK expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissue and the prognosis of patients with OSCC remains elusive.Methods: In a retrospective observational study, we immunohistochemically evaluated integrin αV, β1, β3, β5, β6, FAK, and phosphorylated-FAK (pFAK) expressions as prognostic predictors in 96 patients with OSCC. Patients were classified as positive or negative based on staining intensity, and clinicopathologic characteristics and survival rates of the two groups were compared. The association between above integrin-related proteins and PD-1 or PD-L1 in OSCC tissues was investigated.Results: We observed immunohistochemical integrin αV, β1, β6, β8, and FAK expressions in the cell membrane and cytoplasm but not integrin β3 and β5 in the OSCC tissues. pFAK was expressed in the cytoplasm of OSCC cells. The overall survival rate significantly decreased in pFAK-positive OSCC patients compared to the negative group, and cervical lymph node metastasis significantly increased in integrin β8-positive patients with OSCC (p &lt; 0.05). No association between integrin-related proteins and PD-1 or PD-L1 in OSCC tissues was observed.Conclusion: Our results indicate that pFAK and integrin β8 are prognostic factors for OSCC. Therefore, pFAK- and integrin β8-targeting new oral cancer diagnostic and therapeutic methods hold a promising potential.
Exploring the Characteristics of Δh Bivariate Appell Polynomials: An In-Depth Investigation and Extension through Fractional Operators
Authors: Almusawa Musawa Yahya 
Published: January 2024

The objective of this article is to introduce the ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials ∆hAs[r](λ,η;h) and their extended form via fractional operators. The study described in this paper follows the line of study in which the monomiality principle is used to develop new results. It is further discovered that these polynomials satisfy various well-known fundamental properties and explicit forms. The explicit series representation of ∆h bivariate Gould–Hopper polynomials is first obtained, and, using this outcome, the explicit series representation of the ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials is further given. The quasimonomial properties fulfilled by bivariate Appell polynomials ∆h are also proved by demonstrating that the ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials exhibit certain properties related to their behavior under multiplication and differentiation operators. The determinant form of ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials is provided, and symmetric identities for the ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials are also exhibited. By employing the concept of the forward difference operator, operational connections are established, and certain applications are derived. Different Appell polynomial members can be generated by using appropriate choices of functions in the generating expression obtained in this study for ∆h bivariate Appell polynomials. Additionally, generating relations for the ∆h bivariate Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, as well as for Genocchi polynomials, are established, and corresponding results are obtained for those polynomials.
Fusiform versus Saccular Intracranial Aneurysms—Hemodynamic Evaluation of the Pre-Aneurysmal, Pathological, and Post-Interventional State
Authors: Korte Jana , Marsh Laurel M. M. , Saalfeld Sylvia , Behme Daniel , Aliseda Alberto , Berg Philipp 
Published: January 2024

Minimally-invasive therapies are well-established treatment methods for saccular intracranial aneurysms (SIAs). Knowledge concerning fusiform IAs (FIAs) is low, due to their wide and alternating lumen and their infrequent occurrence. However, FIAs carry risks like ischemia and thus require further in-depth investigation. Six patient-specific IAs, comprising three position-identical FIAs and SIAs, with the FIAs showing a non-typical FIA shape, were compared, respectively. For each model, a healthy counterpart and a treated version with a flow diverting stent were created. Eighteen time-dependent simulations were performed to analyze morphological and hemodynamic parameters focusing on the treatment effect (TE). The stent expansion is higher for FIAs than SIAs. For FIAs, the reduction in vorticity is higher (Δ35–75% case 2/3) and the reduction in the oscillatory velocity index is lower (Δ15–68% case 2/3). Velocity is reduced equally for FIAs and SIAs with a TE of 37–60% in FIAs and of 41–72% in SIAs. Time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) is less reduced within FIAs than SIAs (Δ30–105%). Within this study, the positive TE of FDS deployed in FIAs is shown and a similarity in parameters found due to the non-typical FIA shape. Despite the higher stent expansion, velocity and vorticity are equally reduced compared to identically located SIAs.
Influence of en-APTAS membrane on NO gas selectivity of HfO2-based memristor gas sensors
Authors: Chae Myoungsu , Lee Doowon , Kim Hee-Dong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Memristor-based gas sensors (gas sensor + memristor, gasistor) have gained popularity due to their high response characteristics and ability to operate at RT. In this paper, N-[3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (en-APTAS), a commonly used membrane for NO
x
gas sensors, is applied in the gasistor with carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-top electrode (TE). As a result, we have demonstrated the response time was reduced by 104 s, and the response to 10 ppm Nitric oxide (NO) gas increased to 3.69, indicating an enhanced sensing property in a range of 10–50 ppm. Furthermore, when decorated with the proposed en-APTAS, the gasistor with CNTs-TE demonstrated a 3.76-fold increase in response to NO gas compared to NO2 gas, demonstrating remarkable selectivity. These improved features are attributed to the high adsorption energy of en-APTAS and the large kinetic diameter of NO2. The research proposal will be a foundational stage towards attaining selectivity in other gasistor studies.
Characterization of nanowire light-emitting diodes with InP/InAsP heterostructures emitting in telecom band
Authors: Motohisa Junichi , Tomoya Akamatsu , Manami Okamoto , Katsuhiro Tomioka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report the growth and characterization of InP/InAsP/InP nanowires (NWs) and NW LEDs (NW-LEDs), which emit light at telecom wavelengths. InP-based NWs were grown by selective-area metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy, and a thin InAsP layer was embedded in the NWs. The NW exhibited emission lines in their low-temperature photoluminescence spectra, suggesting the formation of quantum dots (QDs) in the NW. NW-LED operation was demonstrated at both room and low temperatures in the telecom band, but it was found that the emission wavelength range and blueshift behavior induced by current injection differed considerably between room and low temperatures. Our results suggest that an efficient path for carrier injection into the active InAsP layer should be explored for NW-QD-based single-photon sources operating via current-injection.
Initial stage of InSb heteroepitaxial growth on GaAs (111)A: effect of thin InAs interlayers
Authors: Ohtake Akihiro , Mano Takaaki 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
MBE of InSb on the (111)A-oriented GaAs substrates has been studied using electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and scanning probe microscopy. The direct heteroepitaxial growth of InSb on GaAs(111)A results in a cracked morphology with flat terraces and deep gaps, which could be attributed to the extremely large lattice mismatch between InSb and GaAs (14.6%). When thin (5–30 monolayer thickness) InAs films are used as interlayers, more continuous and flat InSb films are obtained. The proposed growth technique using (111)A-oriented GaAs substrates and thin InAs interlayers are effective in improving the surface morphology and the structural quality of InSb films in highly lattice-mismatched systems.
Дистанційний моніторинг теплового режиму в містах: теоретичні основи
Authors: Уль А.В. , Мельник О.В. , Мельник Ю.А. , Вакулюк Л.А. , Резь Р.А. 
Published: January 2024

Феномен, відомий як міський тепловий острів, спостерігається у містах по всьому світу з 1800-х років. Метеорологічні служби в різних країнах систематично фіксують температуру повітря в різних точках. Однак ускладнене просторове розташування поверхонь у міських районах утруднює або навіть унеможливлює оцінку локальних змін температури поверхні лише на підставі цих даних. Для таких оцінок використовуються супутникові знімки для визначення температури поверхні землі. Дані дистанційного термального інфрачервоного сенсора дозволяють здійснювати аналіз температури поверхні землі як у просторовому, так і у часовому вимірах, навіть на глобальному рівні. Оскільки випромінювальна здатність та атмосферні ефекти є ключовими факторами, багато дослідників розробили різноманітні методики з урахуванням цих факторів. В цій роботі розглянуто три алгоритми визначення температури земної поверхні (LST) - алгоритм одного вікна, одноканальний алгоритм та метод рівняння переносу випромінювання, а також три моделі на основі NDVI - модель Ван де Греінд та Ове, модель Валор та Каселлес, а також модель на основі порогового значення NDVI
Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation to Improve Upper Limb Spasticity and Function in a Chronic Stroke Patient. A Single Case Study.
Authors: Lerín Calvo Alfredo , Rodriguez Martinez David , Carrasco-González Enrique 
Published: January 2024

Hombre blanco de 69 años que se le diagnosticó un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico de la arteria cerebral media en julio del 2020. El procedimiento consistió en dos semanas de tratamiento control mediante entrenamiento robótico y orientado a tareas, seguido de cuatro semanas de tratamiento experimental aplicando rPMS, añadiendo el tratamiento control. Finalmente se aplicó el tratamiento control durante 2 semanas más. Se llevaron a cabo evaluaciones de espasticidad utilizando rPMS y un goniometro, función motora con la preuba de Nine Hole Peg Test y Finger Taping Test. A nivel estadístico se aplico el método de banda descriptica de dos desviaciones estándar (DTSD) para ver el efecto del tratamiento aplicado
DNA Extraction from Postmortem Blood: A Pilot Study for Advancing Molecular Diagnostics in Forensic Medicine Casework
Authors: Sadhu Rama Mohana Rao  , Sravani Yandava  , T. Mohit Kumar Moses  , Kattamreddy Ananth Rupesh  , K. Satyasree  , K. Mamatha  , Anuradha Argi  
Published: January 2024

Background: DNA’s role in forensic practice is widely acknowledged for its unparalleled accuracy in identification. While developed countries have established molecular autopsy programs as early as two decades ago, India is yet to initiate such a program. The isolation of DNA serves as the crucial first step in the molecular autopsy protocol. The postmortem blood sample is one of the good sources for DNA extraction which wasn’t considered with rigor by the scientific community so far.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the specific time period within which DNA canbe effectively extracted from postmortem blood samples. The objective was to identify if there are patterns in the quality and purity of the extracted DNA based on the postmortem interval. Additionally, the study aimed to investigate if the cause of death influenced DNA extractability.Observation and Results: DNA can be extracted from postmortem blood within a timeframe of up to 72 hours after death, given that the deceased body was preserved in cold storage within 12 hours after death. Both the salting out method and the phenol-chloroform method yielded bands of comparable quality, with the phenol-chloroform method showing a slightly higher DNA yield. The average absorbance ratio was 1.4 for the salting out method and 1.6 for the phenol chloroform method, as determined using a Nanodrop.Conclusion: This study concluded that DNA extraction from postmortem blood samples is feasible within 72hours after death. The integrity of the DNA remained intact during this time, but the quality and purity gradually decreased as the postmortem interval increased. The cause of death did not significantly affect DNA extractability.
Parent–Adolescent Connectedness and Attitude to Communicate on Substance Abuseamong Parents of Adolescent Boys
Authors: T.R. Manjula  , Nelcy Mariam Prasad  , Durai Prakash Raj V  , Manisha M  , Sajith S  
Published: January 2024

Background/Aim: The youth drug epidemic is growing at an alarming rate in India among the adolescents. In India, a survey by non-governmental organizations revealed that 63.6% of patients who came for treatment were given drugs under the age of 15.It is important for the parents to talk with their adolescent boys regarding the ill effects of substance abuse. The study intends to explore whether the parents have an attitude to talk about substance abuse with their adolescent boys. Materials and Methods: A quantitative descriptive research design was used. 100 parents of adolescents were selected using purposive sampling technique. A validated study questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, extent of communication, and parental attitudes to communicate on substance abuse. Inferential and descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. Results: The projected outcome of the study was to create a statistical data on parent-adolescent communication, parental attitude to communicate on substance abuse and to create for awareness among parents of adolescent boys to take initiation to speak about ill effects of substance abuse and to lead a life free from substance use. Conclusion: Majority of samples had moderate level of communication and adequate level of parental attitude regarding talk on substance abuse.
Chemistry of Complex Organic Molecules in the V883 Ori Disk Revealed by ALMA Band 3 Observations
Authors: Yamato Yoshihide , Notsu Shota , Aikawa Yuri , Okoda Yuki , Nomura Hideko , Sakai Nami 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Complex organic molecules (COMs) in protoplanetary disks are key to understanding the origin of volatiles in comets in our solar system, yet the chemistry of COMs in protoplanetary disks remains poorly understood. Here, we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 3 observations of the disk around the young outbursting star V883 Ori, where the COMs sublimate from ices and are thus observable thanks to the warm condition of the disk. We have robustly identified ten oxygen-bearing COMs including 13C isotopologues in the disk-integrated spectra. The radial distributions of the COM emission, revealed by the detailed analyses of the line profiles, show the inner emission cavity, similar to the previous observations in Band 6 and Band 7. We found that the COMs abundance ratios with respect to methanol are significantly higher than those in the warm protostellar envelopes of IRAS 16293-2422 and similar to the ratios in the solar system comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, suggesting the efficient (re)formation of COMs in protoplanetary disks. We also constrained the 12C/13C and D/H ratios of COMs in protoplanetary disks for the first time. The 12C/13C ratios of acetaldehyde, methyl formate, and dimethyl ether are consistently lower (∼20–30) than the canonical ratio in the interstellar medium (∼69), indicating the efficient 13C-fractionation of CO. The D/H ratios of methyl formate are slightly lower than the values in IRAS 16293-2422, possibly pointing to the destruction and reformation of COMs in disks. We also discuss the implications for nitrogen and sulfur chemistry in protoplanetary disks.
A Statistical Study of Soft X-Ray Flares on Solar-type Stars
Authors: Zhao Z. H. , Hua Z. Q. , Cheng X. , Li Z. Y. , Ding M. D. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The statistical characteristics of stellar flares at optical bands have received extensive study, but they remain to be studied at soft X-ray bands, in particular for solar-type stars. Here, we present a statistical study of soft X-ray flares on solar-type stars, which can help in understanding the multiwavelength behaviors of stellar flares. We mainly use Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0, which includes a number of flaring stars with denoted variability, and Gaia Data Release 3, which includes the necessary information for classifying stars. We also develop a set of methods for identifying and classifying stellar soft X-ray flares and estimating their properties. A detailed statistical investigation of 129 flare samples on 103 nearby solar-type stars as selected yields the following main results. (1) The flare energy emitted at the soft X-ray band in our sample ranges from ∼1033 to ∼1037 erg, and the majority of them are superflares, with the most energetic one having energy of

6.0

−
4.7

+
3.2

×

10

37

erg

. (2) The flare duration is related to its energy as formulated by

T

duration
,
SXR

∝

E

flare
,
SXR

0.201
±
0.024

, which is different from those derived at optical and near-IR bands, indicating distinct radiation mechanisms at different bands. (3) The frequency distribution of stellar flares as a function of energy is formulated as

dN

flare

/

dE

flare
,
SXR

∝

E

flare
,
SXR

−
1.77

, which is similar to the results found at other bands and on other types of stars, indicating that the energy emitted at the soft X-ray band could be a constant fraction of the full-band bolometric energy.