bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triple band frequency selective surface design for 5G mm‐wave communication with artificial neural networks
Authors: Şahin Ufuk , Serinken Elif Seher , Vural Revna Acar , Tokan Nurhan Türker 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) have gained attention for their spatial filtering characteristics in 5G communication systems. In this work, we propose an efficient and accurate design methodology for the FSS. Three different artificial neural network methods (ANN) are employed, and their performances are compared for analysis and synthesis purposes. Results show that GRNN has the highest performance for both training and test phase of ANN based FSS analysis and synthesis. A novel, compact, low‐profile triple band FSS unit cell is introduced, and the working mechanism is described. By applying ANN based design procedure, the unit cell dimensions to resonate at the 5G mm‐wave frequency band is extracted. A unit cell with the extracted physical dimensions is simulated with a full‐wave analysis tool. The simulation results show that the FSS has the filtering feature at the predetermined mm‐wave frequencies of the 5G communication. The prototype of the FSS is fabricated, as well. The simulations are verified experimentally with measurement results. The results show that proposed ANN based analysis and synthesis method can be an effective tool for the design of FSS band‐pass filter for 5G applications.
Hybrid technique of conformal mapping and Chebyshev collocation method for solving time–space fractional order wave equation
Authors: El‐Sayed Adel Abd Elaziz , Boulaaras Salah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work presents a numerical approach for solving the time–space fractional‐order wave equation. The time‐fractional derivative is described in the conformal sense, whereas the space‐fractional derivative is given in the Caputo sense. The investigated technique is based on the third‐kind of shifted Chebyshev polynomials. The main problem is converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using conformal mapping, Caputo derivatives, and the properties of the third‐kind shifted Chebyshev polynomials. Then, the Chebyshev collocation method and the non‐standard finite difference method will be used to convert this system into a system of algebraic equations. Finally, this system can be solved numerically via Newton's iteration method. In the end, physics numerical examples and comparison results are provided to confirm the accuracy, applicability, and efficiency of the suggested approach.
Willingness and understanding of the safety and effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines in young children: a cross‐sectional study among parents in Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Norkasihan , Afandi Muhammad Firdaus , Abu Bakar Karmila , Eng Caroline , Balan Shamala , Abd Wahab Mohd Shahezwan , Jamal Janattul‐Ain 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccinations are crucial factors that parents consider when deciding whether to vaccinate their children.AimThis study aimed to investigate parents' understanding of COVID‐19 vaccines and its association with the degree of willingness to vaccinate their young children.MethodA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among the public with children younger than 12 years old. Information on parents' demography, understanding of COVID‐19 vaccines and their willingness to get their children vaccinated were collected. The association between the level of understanding and willingness was tested using the One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Predictors of good understanding and high willingness were investigated using multiple linear regression. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Universiti Teknologi MARA (Reference no: REC [PH]/012/2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. A web‐based survey link was distributed through social media platforms. The initial section of the survey included a project information sheet including the purpose of the study, length of questionnaire, identity of researchers and measures taken to ensure data confidentiality and anonymity of participants. Participants provided their consent electronically prior to being granted access to the questionnaire.ResultsOf the 386 respondents, 53.4% had a good understanding, and 74.6% had a high willingness. Only 42.5% agreed that the vaccines are effective in protecting children from getting COVID‐19, 79.5% and 73.3% misunderstood the severity and tendency to experience the side effects, respectively. A better understanding was associated with a higher willingness to vaccinate ([F(4381) = 54.417, p = 0.000). A higher understanding was significantly associated with higher educational status (postgraduate [β = 0.297, p = 0.028] and bachelor [β = 0.275, p = 0.034], work in a health‐related field [β = 0.300, p < 0.001]) and have received a COVID‐19 booster (β = 0.347, p < 0.001). A high willingness was prevalent among parents working in a health‐related field, had received a COVID‐19 booster and had medical condition. Low willingness was observed among parents aged above 30 years old and those who have used herbal medicines.ConclusionIt is of utmost importance to comprehend parents’ understanding of this topic to minimise hesitancy toward COVID‐19 vaccination in children.
Status seizures as a secondary effect from the “squash drinking syndrome” in an infant
Authors: Rosell‐Camps Antonio , Bunce Lucinda F. , Barceló‐Martí Bernardí , Sharluyan‐Petrosyan Artur 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe “hypotonic drink syndrome” is characterized by loss of appetite, normal activity levels and, in some cases, intestinal disturbances in children with an intake of more than 30% of the recommended daily calories in the form of non‐dairy drinks. Diarrhea and growth retardation are possible complications due to the amount of nonnutritive calorie intake (“empty calories”) contained in this type of hypotonic beverages.We present the case of an 11‐month‐old boy who suffered a “Squash drinking syndrome” requiring admission to the pediatric intensive care unit because of a status seizure secondary to a severe hyponatremia (118 mmol/L) due to massive ingestion of hypotonic drinks, such as squash. The seizure did not subside until sodium levels reached 123 mmol/L with hypertonic saline (3%). Neurological, renal, digestive, endocrine and metabolic problems were all ruled out and normal sodium levels were maintained with dietary recommendations and a restriction of hypotonic fluid intake.ConclusionsTo prevent these situations it is important to be aware of this entity and to know how to identify the possible complications that may appear after excessive ingestion of hypotonic drinks, as in the case of our patient, ranging from lack of appetite, growth failure and diarrhea, to a status seizure.
Massive infected pancreatic necrosis in an 8‐year‐old: Endoscopic management
Authors: Abel William F. , Kesar Varun , Wasserman Reid D. , Kumar Manoj , Patel Vishal , Yeaton Paul , Kesar Vivek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPancreatitis is a condition much more commonly found in adults, but when diagnosed in the pediatric population, is often due to medications, congenital pathology, and critical illness. This patient had previously undergone treatment with 6‐mercaptopurine and presented with pancreatitis that eventually worsened to a walled‐off necrotic collection with paracolic extensions reaching the pelvis. Given clinical worsening with development of shock, procedural options for source control were weighed with gastroenterology, pediatric surgery, and interventional radiology, before pancreatic necrosectomy was determined to be the treatment of choice, given the adjacency of the collection to the stomach. A total of three separate endoscopic pancreatic necrosectomy procedures were performed and the patient s clinical status improved greatly, with vast improvement later seen on outpatient imaging. This successful treatment course argues for the efficacy of pancreatic necrosectomy even in very large walled off collections, and most importantly, lead to a positive outcome in this young patient.
Phenolic composition and bioactivities of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruit and seeds: an unconventional source of natural antioxidants in North America
Authors: Danielski Renan , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) was introduced into Canada in the early 2000s. This plant bears fruits with high commercial value in other countries due to its premium oil. Nevertheless, sea buckthorn berries are also a rich source of bioactives with nutraceutical potential, especially the variety grown in Newfoundland (Canada), which has not previously been characterized. As such, this study evaluated the composition of polyphenols in sea buckthorn pomace and seeds, as well as their prospective health‐promoting effects.RESULTSPolyphenolic identification by high‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet–mass spectrometry–time of flight revealed the presence of 24 compounds in the seeds and 16 compounds in the pomace, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, with ellagic acid derivative IV (pomace, 52.13 μg g−1) and (+)‐catechin (seeds, 690.8 μg g−1) being the most dominant. Sea buckthorn extracts displayed in vitro antidiabetic and anti‐obesity potential by inhibiting α‐glucosidase (71.52–99.31%) and pancreatic lipase (15.80–35.61%) enzymes, respectively. The extracts also protected low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol (50.97–89.67%) and supercoiled DNA (35.11–79.84%) from oxidative damage.CONCLUSIONSea buckthorn berries grown in Canada showed promising health benefits induced by their rich and diverse polyphenolic profile and need to be considered for further commercial expansion as a bioactive‐loaded superfruit. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation and Hemocompatibility of Novel Antioxidant‐Modified Polyethersulfone Membranes as Red Blood Cell Thrombosis Inhibitors
Authors: Fu Xiao , Lei Ting , Song Shitao , Xia Luling , Xiao Yuan , Xiao Gong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe contact between the dialysis membrane and blood can induce oxidative stress and thrombosis, causing oxidative organ damage and impaired toxin clearance. To date, the selection of anticoagulants has focused on mechanisms inhibiting white, but not red (erythrocytes) thrombus formation. In the present study, polyethersulfone (PES) membranes are modified with the antioxidant drug tiopronin; the physicochemical properties and dialysis performance of the Tio‐PES membranes are evaluated. The effects on erythrocyte thrombosis are evaluated in terms of erythrocyte morphology, prothrombotic properties (adhesion, aggregation, viscosity, sedimentation, and hemolysis), and fibrinogen (FIB)‐erythrocyte interactions. The regular anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties are also assessed. Superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, plasma protein, and complement C3a are further determined. Finally, the biosafety of the Tio‐PES membranes is evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The Tio‐PES membranes exhibit excellent physicochemical properties and improved dialysis performance. It is found that the Tio‐PES membranes stabilize erythrocyte morphology, reduce erythrocyte prothrombotic properties, decrease FIB adsorption, and prevent red thrombus formation. In addition, the Tio‐PES membranes exhibit excellent antioxidant properties and show biosafety in primary toxicity studies. Thus, Tio‐PES membranes hold promise as novel, safe, and effective dialysis materials for potential clinical application.
One‐Step Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Dimer Diamine‐Based Autocatalytic Polyol for the Preparation of Polyurethane Foams
Authors: Nasuhoglu Büşra , Çakmakçi Emrah , Kahraman Memet Vezir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHerein, this work reports the facile synthesis of a dimer diamine‐based autocatalytic polyol (ACP) and its use in polyurethane foam preparation. The ACP, namely TETRAOL is synthesized in one step, without using solvent, and with 100% atom economy. Additionally, a phosphorous‐modified polyol is synthesized by using 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and castor oil. In this study, all of the polyol components of the foams are of vegetable oil origin, and amine or tin‐based auxiliary catalysts are not used. The structures of the synthesized autocatalytic polyol as well as other bio‐polyols are characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The densities, rise and gel time values, and thermal and mechanical properties of the foams are determined and compared to foams prepared by using a petroleum‐based commercial ACP. The bio‐based TETRAOL‐containing foams display comparable densities and improve thermal properties but longer rise and gel time values concerning the foam prepared by using the commercial ACP.
Looking a gift horse in the mouth: Suspicion of large gift expenditures undermines gift appreciation
Authors: Mutluoglu Aybike , Ashworth Laurence , Robitaille Nicole 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrior work shows that gift recipients are surprisingly insensitive to the amount of money givers spend, even though more expensive gifts represent a greater investment by givers and impart greater value to recipients. We suggest that recipients' apparent indifference may be explained by competing reactions to gift expenditure. Specifically, we propose that recipients are not unresponsive to gift expenditure, per se, but that money's association with instrumentality means that conspicuous monetary expenditures can cause recipients to contemplate givers' instrumental motives (i.e., become suspicious). Four studies show that large gift expenditures can cause recipients to become suspicious of givers' motives and that suspicion undermines recipients' otherwise positive reactions. We further show that expenditures that are less strongly associated with instrumentality (time and effort) and gifts that have a weaker association with money and instrumentality (experiential gifts) are less prone to suspicion and are appreciated more.
Probabilistic seasonal forecasts of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation using complex systems modelling and comparison with dynamical models
Authors: Sun Yiming , Simpson Ian , Wei Hua‐Liang , Hanna Edward 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDynamical seasonal forecast models are improving with time but tend to underestimate the amplitude of atmospheric circulation variability and to have lower skill in predicting summer variability than in winter. Here, we construct Nonlinear AutoRegressive Moving Average models with eXogenous inputs (NARMAX) to develop the analysis of drivers of North Atlantic atmospheric circulation and jet‐stream variability, focusing on the East Atlantic (EA) and Scandinavian (SCA) patterns as well as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. New time series of these indices are developed from empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. Geopotential height data from the ERA5 reanalysis are used to generate the EOFs. Sets of predictors with known associations with these drivers are developed and used to formulate a sliding‐window NARMAX model. This model demonstrates a high degree of predictive accuracy, as indicated by its average correlation coefficients over the testing period (2006–2021): 0.78 for NAO, 0.83 for EA and 0.68 for SCA. In comparison, the SEAS5 and GloSea5 dynamical forecast models exhibit lower correlations with observed circulation changes: for NAO, the correlation coefficients are 0.51 for SEAS5 and 0.34 for GloSea5, for EA they are 0.15 and 0.09, respectively, and for SCA, they are 0.28 and 0.24, respectively. Comparison of NARMAX predictions with forecasts and hindcasts from the SEAS5 and GloSea5 models highlights areas where NARMAX can be used to help improve seasonal forecast skill and inform the development of dynamical models, especially in the case of summer.
Slope stability analysis with a hypoplastic constitutive model: Investigating a stochastic anisotropy model and a hydro‐mechanical coupled simulation
Authors: Xue Yang , Miao Fasheng , Wang Shun , Tang Yang , Wu Yiping , Dias Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA reliable constitutive model is essential for accurately predicting slope deformation in numerical analysis, which includes assessing slope stability as an integral component. However, calculating slope stability in numerical models can be challenging due to complex boundary conditions and advanced constitutive models, especially when probabilistic and hydro‐mechanical coupled simulations are required. In this paper, we use a vector‐sum method‐based framework for slope stability analysis that incorporates a critical state hypoplastic constitutive model. The rationality and accuracy of the stability results are initially verified through critical slip surface analysis and a factor of safety evaluation. Subsequently, we investigate the probability‐based slope stability and failure characteristics by incorporating the spatial variability of strength parameters into the hypoplastic model. Finally, the Baishuihe landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region is examined as a case study, where hydro‐mechanical coupled simulations are conducted under actual water level and rainfall conditions. The time‐varying stability and deformation characteristics of the landslide are analyzed and compared with the results obtained from the Mohr‐Coulomb model. The analysis results demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of using a hypoplastic model for probabilistic and time‐varying slope stability calculations. Furthermore, it highlights the superior ability of the hypoplastic model to accurately describe reservoir landslide deformation processes.
The effects of a galectin‐3 inhibitor on bladder pain syndrome in mice with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis
Authors: Xiao Helong , Wang Ting , Gao Bo , Liu Junjiang , Li Shoubin , Ma Jianguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore the effect of blocking galectin‐3 in the bladder pain syndrome associated with interstitial cystitis.MethodsA galectin‐3 inhibitor was used to treat mice with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis. The expression of galectin‐3 in bladder tissues and urine was examined by immunohistochemistry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Suprapubic‐pelvic pain, bladder voiding, bladder pain‐like nociceptive behavior, and referred hyperalgesia were assessed. The weights of the bladders were also measured, and inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine levels were examined by histopathological evaluation. The inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), nerve growth factor (NGF), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) were measured by ELISA.ResultsIncreases in galectin‐3 levels, inflammation, bladder weight, and bladder pain‐related symptoms were observed in bladders with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis. Administration of the galectin‐3 inhibitor significantly mitigated bladder pain‐related symptoms and inflammatory response. In response to the 500 μM dose of the galectin‐3 inhibitor, nociceptive behaviors, nociceptive score, and bladder‐to‐body weight ratios were reduced by 65.1%, 65.3%, and 40.3%, respectively, while 500 μM Gal‐3 inhibitor increased pelvic pain threshold by 86.7%. Moreover, galectin‐3 inhibitor treatment inhibited the inflammation. Compared to untreated CYP‐induced mice, there were significant changes in the levels of IL‐1β (41.72 ± 2.05 vs. 18.91 ± 2.26 pg/mg tissues), NGF (9.64 ± 0.38 vs. 1.88 ± 0.05 pg/mg tissues), IL‐6 (42.67 + 1.51 vs. 21.26 + 2.78 pg/mg tissues, and TNF‐α (22.02 ± 1.08 vs. 10.70 ± 0.80 pg/mg tissues) in response to the highest dose of the Gal‐3 inhibitor subgroup (500 μM), and 500 μM Gal‐3 inhibitor reduced mast cell infiltration ratios by 71.8%.ConclusionsThe galectin‐3 inhibitor relieved pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and bladder inflammation in mice with cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis. Thus, galectin‐3 inhibitors may be novel agents in interstitial cystitis treatment.
Face‐centred finite volume methods for Stokes flows with variable viscosity
Authors: Sevilla Ruben , Duretz Thibault 
Published: February 2024

SummarySix face‐centred finite volume formulations are derived and compared for the simulation of Stokes flows with spatially varying viscosity. The main difference between the methods derived is the mixed variable used in the mixed formulation and the use of a weak or strong form in each element using integration by parts. A brief discussion about the properties of the different methods is provided, including comments on the computational cost and the symmetry of the resulting global system of equations. Finally, numerical examples in two and three dimensions are used to compare the accuracy of all the formulations presented. The examples include a problem where the methods are employed to simulate a steep variation of the viscosity, showing the ability to perform these simulations without using a mesh conforming to a material interface. The performance of different element types and different choices of the stabilisation is also discussed.
An implicit Updated Lagrangian Fragile Points Method with a support domain refinement scheme for solving large deformation problems
Authors: Dai Xueyan , Ke Zetao , Li Mingjing , Dong Leiting , Atluri Satya N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEngineering structures may undergo large deformations, but simulating is still challenging for existing numerical methods, for example, the element‐based methods struggle from the mesh distortion and the strong form particle‐based methods exhibit tensile instability. This article aims on presenting a novel numerical method for large deformation simulations, which is named the implicit Updated Lagrangian Fragile Points Method (ULFPM). The point‐based nature of the proposed method ensures immunity to mesh distortion, and its stability is guaranteed by its foundation on weak form formulations. For verifications, the proposed implicit ULFPM has been applied to several large deformation problems. For all the examples, the proposed method is able to provide reliable results with a good agreement with the reference results. Moreover, the implicit ULFPM performs better than the Finite Element Method to some extent for extremely large deformation problems. It is also discussed that the accuracy of the implicit ULFPM is improved significantly by using the support domain refinement scheme. The examples indicate that the proposed method can serve as a reliable tool for predicting the large deformations of structures in engineering practices.
An adaptive mesh refinement method based on a characteristic‐compression embedded shock wave indicator for high‐speed flows
Authors: Feng Yiwei , Lv Lili , Liu Tiegang , Xu Liang , Yuan Weixiong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNumerical simulation of high‐speed flows often needs a fine grid for capturing detailed structures of shock or contact wave, which makes high‐order discontinuous Galerkin methods (DGMs) extremely costly. In this work, a characteristic‐compression based adaptive mesh refinement (AMR, h‐adaptive) method is proposed for efficiently improving resolution of the high‐speed flows. In order to allocate computational resources to needed regions, a characteristic‐compression embedded shock wave indicator is developed on incompatible grids and employed as the criterion for AMR. This indicator applies the admissible jumps of eigenvalues to measure the local compression of homogeneous characteristic curves, and theoretically can capture regions of characteristic‐compression which contain structures of shock, contact waves and vortices. Numerical results show that the proposed h‐adaptive DGM is robust, efficient and high‐resolution, it can capture dissipative shock, contact waves of different strengths and vortices with low noise on a rather coarse grid, and can significantly improve resolution of these structures through mild increase of computational resources as compared with the residual‐based h‐adaptive method.