bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of estazolam and triazolam on transient insomnia associated with phase‐shifted sleep
Authors: Schweitzer P. K. , Koshorek G. , Muehlbach M. J. , Morris D. D. , Roehrs T. , Walsh J. K. , Roth T. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractForty‐eight healthy volunteers with a normal sleep/wake history participated in a two‐centre, double‐blind, parallel group study comparing the effects of estazolam 2.0 mg, triazolam 0.25 mg, and placebo on sleep, performance and alertness following 180 degree reversal in sleep/wake schedule. Sleep‐phase reversal produced decreased sleep time, primarily during the last 2 hours of the sleep period. Estazolam prevented this transient insomnia by maintaining sleep in the latter part of the sleep period. Triazolam did not significantly change total sleep time, which was intermediate between that of the estazolam and placebo groups. Neither active compound produced significant effects on subsequent performance or alertness.
The effects of clobazam on critical flicker fusion threshold and symptomatology during the menstrual cycle
Authors: Dye Louise , Hindmarch Ian 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects of clobazam on critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) and menstrual cycle‐related symptomatology were examined in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of 11 normally cycling women. Clobazam 10 mg or placebo was administered in two doses, the evening before and the morning of testing at four points in the menstrual cycle (days 7, 14, 21 and 26). Subjects were tested on CFFT and completed the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Premenstrual Mood Index (PMI). Results showed that clobazam did not disrupt the menstrual cycle rhythm in CFFT, which accords with the non‐sedative nature of this drug. The lack of effect of clobazam on subjective indices, Impaired Concentration and Behaviour Change of the MDQ confirms the lack of sedative effects. A general tendency, however, was observed for clobazam to reduce symptom reports on some other MDQ PMI scales in the first half of the cycle and to produce a subsequent exacerbation of symptoms in the second half of the cycle.
Fengabine in depression: A placebo‐controlled study of a GABA agonist
Authors: Paykel E. S. , van Woerkom A. E. , Walters D. E. , White W. , Mercer J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA double‐blind controlled trial of Fengabine, a GABA agonist, against placebo was carried out in outpatient major depressives. Subjects were treated for up to 6 weeks with Fengabine three times daily using 900 mg daily in the first week and 1800 mg daily thereafter. A total of 49 subjects were included, of whom 32 completed 6 weeks. Efficacy analyses showed no evidence of superiority of active drug over placebo, and the two groups were closely comparable throughout the study. Fengabine was free of subjective side‐effects other than a small number of complaints of nausea and diarrhoea, and some ocurrence of bright yellow urine. There was a substantial incidence of raised liver enzymes: 44 per cent of patients on Fengabine developed some de novo elevation, necessitating early termination of the study. The findings did not support any therapeutic value for this group of GABA agonists in depression.
Modulation of mouse brain dopamine, serotonin and metabolites by methionine: Implications for schizophrenia and genetics
Authors: Messiha F. S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effect of methionine, an essential amino acid, on brain regional distribution of dopamine, serotinin and major acidic metabolites was studied in two genetically different strains of mice. These were the inbred albino BALB/C and the black C57BL/6 mouse strains. The later strain was more sensitive than the former mouse strain to the methionine treatment. This has been demonstrated by methionine‐produced change in dopamine metabolites in cerebellum, cortex and medulla regions, which suggests a decrease in dopamine turnover in the C57BL/6 mice. Conversely, methionine‐mediated changes in BALB/C mouse medullary region was suggestive of an increase in dopamine turnover. Little changes occurred in cerebral serotonin or 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, except for an increased serotonin in C57BL/6 mouse midbrain region. The results suggest that methionine possesses CNS pharmacological property pertaining to dopamine, other than its well‐known action as a methyl donor in transmethylation processes, which is genotypic‐dependent. Alternatively, modulation of the monoamines by methionine may explain its antidepressant property and possible contribution to the pharmacological hypotheses relevant to the biology of schizophrenia.
Effects of acute and repeated doses of two muscle relaxants chlormezanone and thiocolchicoside, on vigilance and psychomotor performance of healthy volunteers
Authors: Patat A. , Klein M. J. , Surjus A. , Renault M. , Rezvani Y. , Granier J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis was a randomized double blind, placebo‐controlled cross over study performed on 12 healthy female volunteers. It consisted of three treatment sessions of 7 days separated by a one week wash out period. The objectives of the study were to assess the sedative activity of 2 muscle relaxant drugs: chlormezanone (600 mg daily) and thiocolchicoside (16 mg daily) after a single oral administration and at steady state (day 7).The drugs were administered orally, during each treatment period as 3 capsules daily for 7 days. Assessment criteria explored psychometric tests, body sway and subjective feeling rating scales. Chlormezanone induced objective disturbances of vigilance and concentration characterised by a decrease in the performance of an arithmetic calculation test and an increase in body sway area recorded in comparison with thiocolchicoside and placebo. These impairments were mainly marked on steady state. Most of the volunteers (10 over 12) complained of drowsiness throughout this treatment. Thiocolchicoside was devoided of any objective or subjective sedative side effect.
Effects of alcohol on serum fluphenazine levels in stable chronic schizophrenics
Authors: Soni S. D. , Bamrah J. S. , Krska J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSeven chronic schizophrenic patients, stable for over 12 months on maintenance fluphenazine decanoate, were administered 40 g of alcohol orally soon after their regular injection. Blood samples for estimation of serum neuroleptic and prolactin levels were collected at various intervals over a 12 h period. The procedure was repeated at their next regular injection but without alcohol. It was found that alcohol ingestion produced a significant drop in both serum neuroleptic and prolactin levels which persisted during the study period.
The comparative psychopharmacology of 5HT reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Kerr J. S. , Sherwood N. , Hindmarch I. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe psychopharmacological profiles of the 5HT reuptake inhibitors sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, Jouveinal (JO 1017) and zimeldine are described, and their relative behavioural toxicity ratings are compared. The pharmacodynamic activity of these drugs was assessed using a standardised test battery, including critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT), tracking and subjective rating scales. The 5HT reuptake inhibitors were essentially neutral; indistinguishable from placebo on most of the measures. Paroxetine, sertraline and zimeldine produced an alerting effect as indicated by elevated CFF thresholds. The only drug which produced a consistently significant performance decrement with respect to placebo was the amitriptyline verum. These results hold true both for normal volunteers and for patients.
Amphetamine effects on recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation
Authors: Penetar D. M. , Sing H. C. , Thorne D. R. , Thomas M. L. , Fertig J. B. , Schelling A. S. D. , Sealock J. C. , Newhouse P. A. , Belenky G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractNormal, healthy adult males participated in a sleep deprivation study during which periodic assessments of mood, alertness, cognitive performance, and vital signs were made. After 48 hours of continuous wakefulness, placebo or d‐amphetamine (5, 10, 20 mg) was administered orally in a double‐blind fashion. Assessments continued for an additional 14 hours at which time the subjects were allowed to sleep. A significant difference in total sleep time was observed with the highest amphetamine group (20 mg) averaging 7·0 hours vs. 8·1 hours for the placebo group. The decrease in total sleep time was due largely to a significant decrease in REM time. The number of REM episodes was not affected by drug. Latency to the first REM episode was decreased by the 5 and 10 mg dose but unchanged by the 20 mg dose of amphetamine. Amphetamine's significant effects on total sleep time and other parameters more than 15 hours after administration indicate a prolonged drug effect.
Remoxipride in acute psychosis: Intramuscular followed by oral treatment compared to haloperidol, a doubleblind, multicenter trial
Authors: Kahn J‐P. , Laxenaire M. , Burnat G. , Albaret C. , Holm A‐C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA double‐blind, randomized, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (i.m.) remoxipride to that of i.m. haloperidol was undertaken in 119 psychotic patients (mean age: 37 ± 13.4 years). The study period was 1 week i.m., followed by 3 weeks of oral treatment. Dosage was 200–600 mg/day for remoxipride and 10–30 mg/day for haloperidol during i.m. and 150–600 mg/day for remoxipride and 10–40 mg/day for haloperidol during oral treatment. Both drugs produced marked clinical improvements during i.m. and oral treatment. During the i.m. week, the median Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total score decreased from 51 to 34 in the remoxipride group and from 53 to 38 in the haloperidol group. Over the 4‐week treatment period, there was a significantly greater reduction in ‘some factors’ for remoxipride‐treated patients when compared to haloperidol‐treated patients. Somnolence was reported by 14% of haloperidol‐treated patients during i.m. treatment. Akathisia and tremor occurred significantly less in remoxipride‐treated patients as compared to haloperidol‐treated patients. Intramuscularly administered remoxipride is as effective as haloperidol in reducing acute phase psychotic symptoms, and is associated with fewer extrapyramidal symptoms.
Clinical sleep patterns in human immune virus infection
Authors: Wheatley David , Smith Kitty 
Published: May 2005

AbstractClinical sleep patterns were recorded in 45 HIV +ve patients, using a 5‐item questionnaire concerned with: sleep onset, nocturnal wakings, early morning awakening, duration of sleep and well‐being on final waking. These were quantified to give a total ‘insomnia score’ and compared to matched normal controls. Sleep was significantly worse in the HIV patients in relation to: delayed onset and early morning awakening (p < 0.5), nocturnal wakings and wellbeing on waking (p < 0.0001), although not significant for duration of sleep. The mean total score for the HIV patients was 3.8 and for the controls 2.1 (p < 0.0001). There was an almost significant correlation between insomnia score and duration HIV +ve (p = 0.055). AIDS status did not affect the results but the insomnia score was greater in the absence of anti‐viral chemotherapy (p = 0.052). In the controls insomnia severity almost correlated to stress (p = 0.052). The results showed that the HIV patients had significantly more sleep disturbance than the matched controls, with resultant implications for improving quality of life in this respect.
On the medico‐social aspects of khat (Catha edulis) chewing habit
Authors: Balint G. A. , Balint Erica E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRegular consumption of khat from Catha edulis seriously affects the social and economic life of the subject and therefore is hazardous both to the individual and the community.Increasing awareness of the prevalence of khat chewing, often together with other drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, it is essential to further assess the health and socio‐economic consequences of khat habituation in order to take further appropriate medical and social measures to limit its availability and use.
Pretask smoking and smoking during a task: Effects on cognitive performance, puffing behavior, physiological and subjective parameters
Authors: Hasenfratz M. , Bättig K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTwenty female regular smokers participated in four experimental sessions, each of which involved performing a rapid information processing task (RIP) twice. According to a 2 × 2 cross‐over design the subjects were allowed to either real or sham smoke a single habitual cigarette between the two RIP trials and to real or sham smoke ad libitum during the second RIP trial. RIP performance was significantly better when the smokers were allowed to smoke during the task. On the other hand, the improvement after pretask smoking failed to reach significance. The puffing intervals were similar for real and sham smoking during rest but significantly longer with real than with sham smoking during the task. The increases in electrocortical and cardiovascular arousal as well as the subjective effects were similar for pretask and task smoking. After pretask smoking these effects vanished for the subsequent task period, whereas they were maintained but not further increased when pretask smoking was followed by task smoking. It was concluded that mental performance was increased but overarousal was avoided by accurate nicotine titration during the RIP task.
Videotaped reliability in a multicenter collaborative investigation of divalproex sodium for the treatment of mania
Authors: Altman Edward G. , Peterson James L. , Hedeker Donald R. , Janicak Philip G. , Davis John M. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study describes the procedures used to establish videotaped inter‐rater reliability in a multicenter study investigating the clinical efficacy of divalproex sodium for the treatment of acute mania. A total of 46 raters from 10 centers viewed and rated five videotaped diagnostic patients interviews using a modified SADS and SADS‐C. Raters also viewed a follow‐up videotaped interview at the midpoint of the study. Raters rated the quality of each interview for its teaching potential. Agreement among raters within study sites was estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results demonstrated significant agreement among raters within study centers at baseline and follow‐up for both the SADS and SADS‐C.
Non‐cognitive disturbances in alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractAlthough the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is memory loss, behavioural and psychiatric disturbances are common and often pose the greatest problems for carers and patients. Modifying behavioural disturbance in AD sufferers can delay institutionalization and improve the quality of life of patient and caregiver. The failure to appreciate the importance of the behavioural and psychiatric disturbances in AD and their impact on the care of patients in the community has resulted in a dearth of services, resources and research into the management of the non‐cognitive aspects of this illness.
Effects of single and multiple doses of a new reversible MAO‐A inhibitor, befloxatone, on psychomotor performance and memory in healthy subjects
Authors: Patat A. , Gandon J. M. , Durrieu G. , Le Coz F. , Curet O. , Cimarosti I. , Allain H. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe effects on memory, psychomotor performance and mood of two dosage regimens of befloxatone, a new reversible and selective MAO‐A inhibitor were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over, placebo‐controlled study involving 12 healthy young male volunteers. Befloxatone and a placebo were orally administered as single (5 and 10 mg) and repeated doses (10 mg once daily and 5 mg twice daily) at one week wash‐out intervals. Objective tests evaluated both memory (working memory, immediate and delayed free recall of a word list, dual coding and faces recognition) and vigilance continuous performance task (CPT), and digit symbol substitution (DSST). Subjective mood and sleep were assessed using visual analogue scales and the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using an ANOVA with pairwise comparisons using the Student Newman Keuls procedure.Both dosage regimens of befloxatone (10 mg once daily or 5 mg twice daily) were free of any detrimental effect on vigilance (CPT) and information processing (DSST) and did not significantly disrupt short‐ and long‐term memory (working memory, free recall of words, dual coding and faces recognition). In addition, no subjective sedation or sleep disturbances were recorded.In conclusion, this study gives no evidence to suggest that befloxatone, at a daily dose which shows potent MAO‐A inhibition, has any sedative or amnestic properties likely to interfere with the activities of everyday‐life in young subjects and therefore may be safely administered in depressed outpatients.
Org 3770 versus amitriptyline: A 6‐week randomized double‐blind multicentre trial in hospitalized depressed patients
Authors: Zivkov Milana , De Jongh Geoff D. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFollowing a placebo washout period of 3–7 days, 251 hospitalized patients with a major depressive episode (DSM III and RDC criteria) were treated with either Org 3770 (20–60 mg/day) or amitriptyline (75–225 mg/day) for six consecutive weeks in this randomized, double‐blind, multicentre study. Forty‐one patients (19 Org 3770, 22 amitriptyline) withdrew before completion of the 6‐week active treatment period. In both groups, the main reason for withdrawal was lack of efficacy. However, fewer patients in the Org 3770 group than in the amitriptyline group withdrew as a result of adverse events (one and three patients, respectively). The severity of depressive symptoms and general psychopathology, as assessed by HPRSD (total and factors) and BPRS scales, improved to the same extent after 6 weeks' treatment with Org 3770 and amitriptyline. Similar improvement in global functioning, as assessed by GAS scale, was observed in both treatment groups. There were no statistically significant differences between the two treatments on all scales used. Dry mouth and sweating were reported significantly more often in the amitriptyline group. Other adverse events, such as constipation, dizziness, tremor and muscle weakness, occurred more frequently in the amitriptyline‐treated patients as well. The results of this study indicate that Org 3770 has similar antidepressant efficacy to amitriptyline and a more favourable tolerability profile in patients with major depression.
A multicentre double‐blind placebo‐controlled study investigating the anxiolytic efficacy of hydroxyzine in patients with generalized anxiety
Authors: Darcis T. , Ferreri M. , Natens J. , Burtin B. , Deram P. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe efficacy of hydroxyzine was investigated in 110 patients suffering from generalized anxiety, in a double‐blind placebo controlled multicentre study. Oral hydroxyzine 50mg/day for four weeks significantly improved standard measurements of anxiety compared with placebo control. These improvements were seen from the end of the first week of treatment and were maintained throughout the study; there was no rebound effect after cessation of therapy. The most commonly reported adverse effect in both active and placebo treatment groups was a transient sleepiness. We conclude that hydroxyzine is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for generalized anxiety.
Efficacy of venlafaxine treatment in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation or agitation: A metaanalysis
Authors: Entsuah R. , Upton G. V. , Rudolph R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to assess the effectiveness of the novel antidepressant venlafaxine in depressed patients with psychomotor retardation and/or agitation [respective baseline item score greater than zero on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D)]. Data from five comparable placebo‐controlled double‐blind studies (n = 1122) were analysed; in two of them venlafaxine was also compared with imipramine. Separate analyses were performed on data from psychomotor retarded and agitated patients by using a one‐way analysis of covariance (HAM‐D total score during therapy, dependent variable; baseline HAM‐D total score, covariate; therapy, factor). The overall pool of venlafaxine‐treated patients showed a significantly greater decline in total HAM‐D score than did the placebo‐treated patients. Venlafaxine‐treated patients with retardation showed a significantly greater decline in total HAM‐D scores than did placebo‐ and imipramine‐treated patients, starting at weeks 3 and 4, respectively. Venlafaxine‐treated patients with agitation showed a significantly greater decline in total HAM‐D scores than did placebo‐and imipramine‐treated patients, starting at weeks 2 and 1, respectively. In conclusion, venlafaxine is effective in depressed patients whether or not they have symptoms of psychomotor retardation or agitation.
A pilot, open study on the treatment of refractory schizophrenia with risperidone and clozapine
Authors: Cavallaro Roberto , Colombo Cristina , Smeraldi Enrico 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe aim of this report is to show the results of a pilot, open label treatment programme for resistant schizophrenics in which risperidone was used before clozapine. Thirteen DSM III R, drug resistant schizophrenics were treated with risperidone p.o. at doses up to 16 mg/day for three months. Clinical assessment was performed before and after 1, 2 and 3 months of treatment by means of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and of the Scales for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Non‐responders to risperidone were then treated with clozapine (up to 600 mg/day) for the next month.Seven patients responded to risperidone (improvement over 20 per cent in each rating scale, BPRS total score below 35), While five risperidone non‐responders or partial responders improved dramatically after following clozapine tretment. Results suggest that heterogeneity in response to atypical antipsychotics may overshadow a heterogeneity in underlying biological factors.
Aerophagia: A neuroleptic‐associated tardive syndrome?
Authors: Hayashi Teruo , Nishikawa Tadashi , Kado Kazuo , Koga Itsuyuki , Uchida Yasunori , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSome cases suggestive of a tardive dyskinesia (TD)‐induced esophageal movement disorder have been reported. We represent a patient with severe orofacial dyskinesia, an oesophageal movement disorder, and aerophagia following long‐term neuroleptic treatment. This 40‐year‐old mentally retarded man showed signs of oral dyskinesia over 20 years ago, with extension to his limbs and trunk within the last 5 years. He also demonstrated noisy air gulping every several seconds. An abdominal radiograph revealed a big magenblase and dilatated, air‐filled segments of large and small intestine without a niveaus. Oesophageal contrastradiography revealed evidence of an oral dyskinesia involving the esophageal musculature and a dilated oesophagus (maximal width: 4·5 cm). Although the oesophageal dilatation was similar to that in patients with a spindle type of achalasia, the oesophageal‐cardio junction was sometimes open completely, differing from conditions associated with achalasia. A polygraphic study revealed frequent high‐amplitude bursts of microvibration, concurrent with the gulping. The signs of aerophagia and laryngeal dyskinesia decreased 6 days following clonazepam administration. Thus, we suggested that tardive dyskinesia is associated with the laryngeal and oesophageal‐induced aerophagia. This is the first report of aerophagia associated with neuroleptic‐induced tardive syndrome.