bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal wave measurements in superfluid helium II
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Ruzhu , Murakami Masahide 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a thermal wave in the bath of superfluid helium II is measured by a new type of superconductor temperature sensor under different heat fluxes and bath temperatures, and at the same time, a thermal shock wave is also studied experimentally and theoretically. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(5): 419–425, 2001
Boiling heat transfer of subcooled water in a horizontal rectangular channel: observation of mEB and mEB generation
Authors: Suzuki Koichi , Torikai Kinichi , Satoh Hedeaki , Ishimaru Junji , Tanaka Yasuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractForced convection boiling of subcooled water was performed in a horizontal rectangular channel with the heated surface on the bottom. The experiment was conducted for heating surfaces, 10, 20, or 40 mm in length. Microbubble emission boiling (MEB) was observed in subcooled transition boiling and was easy to generate for the shorter heating surfaces. In higher flow velocity of subcooled water, MEB was generated at even lower subcooling. Stormy MEB was observed at both the higher subcooling and the higher flow velocity of water. In the stormy MEB, the heat flux rose rapidly above the critical heat flux with larger acoustic noise and vibration. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(5): 426–438, 2001
Processes controlling the rapid drainage of two ice‐rich permafrost‐dammed lakes in NW Canada
Authors: Marsh Philip , Neumann Natasha N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper considers the processes controlling the rapid drainage of ice‐rich permafrost‐dammed lakes. It is postulated that the primary process controlling lake drainage is the melting of ice‐rich permafrost, in a manner similar to that controlling the drainage of glacier‐dammed lakes. Two lakes are considered in the analysis: one that drained naturally over a period of less than 16 h, and Lake Illisarvik, which was experimentally drained in 1978. Preliminary analysis showed that the energy contained in the lake water was sufficient for melting the ice content of the resulting drainage channel for both study lakes. Discharge estimated using a glacier‐dammed lake model developed by Clarke (Journal of Glaciology 1982; 28: 3) compared reasonably well with measured discharge during the period of rapid channel enlargement at Illisarvik, and resulted in the draining of Trail Valley Creek lake within the brief period indicated by a gauging station. These results suggest that melting of the ice‐rich permafrost during drainage dominates at least the early stages of drainage. However, further work is required to consider the processes of mechanical erosion, which in some cases may dominate the later stages of drainage, and to consider the appropriateness of certain assumptions in the lake drainage model. Copyright © Environment Canada 2001 Reproduced with Permission of Environment Canada.
A simple method for the determination of ionic diffusion coefficients in flooded soils
Authors: Gardner P. J. , Flynn N. , Maltby E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSoil cores from river marginal wetlands from the Torridge and Severn catchments in the UK were collected to study rates of soil denitrification at different sites and at two stations (levee and backplain depression) at the river margin. Half the cores were sterilized prior to flooding to destroy the denitrifying bacteria. After flooding and equilibration, monitoring the concentration of amended nitrate in the supernatant of the sterile cores over a period of 7 days provided a simple procedure for the estimation of the diffusion coefficient of the nitrate ion in the flooded soils. An expression was developed that permitted this diffusion coefficient to be extracted from the slope of a plot of supernatant concentration versus (time)1/2. The values obtained, at 15 °C, varied from 2·4 to 6·8 × 10−10m2s−1. Sterile cores are usually treated as controls in denitrification experiments; this work develops a procedure whereby they may yield useful soil process information. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitivity analysis and multi‐response, multi‐criteria evaluation of a physically based distributed model
Authors: Anderton Steve , Latron Jérôme , Gallart Francesc 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA sensitivity study of the subsurface flow component of the physically based distributed modelling system SHETRAN using data from a small Mediterranean mountain catchment is presented. The parameter space sampled was based on ranges of parameter values measured in field experiments. Model results were validated by comparison against outlet discharge, soil moisture reserve and phreatic surface level, using a number of criteria. The objectives of this exercise were: to explore variability in simulation response produced by uncertainty in parameter values; to use internal data to examine process representation within the model; and to attempt to reduce uncertainty in parameter estimates through use of a number of response variables and a number of criteria in model evaluation.A wide range of responses were produced from across the parameter space sampled. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that interactions between parameters are complex, and that the sensitivity of individual parameters changed according to the values taken by other parameters and to the state of the system.The multi‐response, multi‐criteria evaluation presented herein exposed the presence of compensating errors within the model, which conventional procedures, which only consider outlet discharge, might fail to detect. This showed that parameter optima occurred in different parts of the parameter space for each of the response variables considered, although it did show that there was a region of the parameter space in which acceptable results were found for all responses.It is suggested that the fact that parameter optima were found in different parts of the parameter space for different responses indicates incorrect estimation of those model parameters not considered as part of the sensitivity study or omissions in the process representation embodied within the current SHETRAN subsurface flow model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental approach to executive fingerprinting in young children
Authors: Beveridge Michael , Jarrold Christopher , Pettit Esther 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents a methodology designed to investigate the potential independence of memory and inhibition as component processes of executive function (EF) in young school age children. Two groups of 30 6‐ and 8‐year‐olds were tested on three EF tasks; a continuous performance test, a Stroop‐like task, and a start/stop task. Each task had four conditions, which systematically combined two levels of memory load and two levels of inhibitory demand. This design enabled us to examine whether, within the range of memory and inhibitory loads used, the effects of memory and inhibitory demands on these tasks were additive and independent, or instead interacted with one another. Analyses of both errors and response times across the three tasks provided no positive evidence for the view that memory and inhibition are inter‐dependent processes. The tasks proved sensitive to age, with the 8‐year‐olds generally outperforming the 6‐year‐olds. In addition, effects of the memory and inhibition manipulations were observed. However, there was little evidence that memory load and inhibitory demand interacted in the way that would be expected if these factors draw on a shared pool of common executive resources. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequencies of HER‐2/neu overexpression relating to HLA haplotype in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Kono Koji , Takahashi Akihiro , Amemiya Hideki , Ichihara Fumiko , Sugai Hidemitsu , Iizuka Hidehiko , Fujii Hideki , Matsumoto Yoshiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have identified that HER‐2/neu‐derived peptides are naturally processed as tumor rejection antigens recognized by tumor‐specific, HLA‐A2‐restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in gastric cancer. To evaluate candidates for immunotherapy using HER‐2/neu‐derived, HLA‐A2‐restricted peptides, we examined the frequency of HLA‐A2 relating to HER‐2/neu overexpression or the infiltrating grade of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in Japanese patients with gastric cancer. HER‐2/neu‐overexpressing tumors detected by immunohistochemistry amounted to 19% of primary gastric cancers and HLA‐A2‐positive patients with gastric cancer were 31% of primary gastric‐cancer cases. Finally, gastric‐cancer patients with both HLA‐A2‐positive and HER‐2/neu‐overexpressing tumors amounted to 6.6% of these cases. There was no significant difference in the infiltrating grade of TILs between gastric cancers overexpressing HER‐2/neu and those that did not. The candidate for HER‐2/neu‐based immunotherapy with HLA‐A2‐restricted peptides represent a very limited population of Japanese patients. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The XAGE family of cancer/testis‐associated genes: Alignment and expression profile in normal tissues, melanoma lesions and Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Zendman Albert J.W. , van Kraats Annemieke A. , Weidle Ulrich H. , Ruiter Dirk J. , van Muijen Goos N.P. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe existence of XAGE genes was first reported after database homology searches for PAGE‐like sequences identified 3 XAGE EST clusters. One of these clusters, XAGE‐1, has in later studies been identified as a cancer/testis‐associated gene. Here, we report the expression profiles of all 3 reported XAGE genes, as well as several splice variants of XAGE‐1, in normal human tissues, Ewing's sarcoma and melanocytic tumors. We also provide the genetic structure of the corresponding genes. Moreover, by searching the databases for XAGE homologues, we identified 3 additional GAGE‐like genes. RT‐PCR studies showed frequent expression in melanoma metastases and Ewing's sarcoma for 2 XAGE‐1‐derived transcripts. XAGE‐2 was expressed at lower frequency in these tissues, while XAGE‐3 was seen only in normal placenta. Due to a frameshift, the largest XAGE‐1 putative protein is far less homologous to GAGE‐like proteins than the other XAGEs. Interestingly, all GAGE‐like genes contain a large secondary open reading frame, coding for putative proteins homologues to the XAGE‐1 primary protein. The XAGE family of cancer/testis‐associated genes is located on chromosome Xp11.21‐Xp11.22. The data outline a superfamily of GAGE‐like cancer/testis antigens, consisting of at least 19 genes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and characterization of the murine ortholog (brms1) of breast‐cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1)
Authors: Samant Rajeev S. , Debies Michael T. , Shevde Lalita A. , Verderame Michael F. , Welch Danny R. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe have cloned a novel metastasis‐suppressor gene (BRMS1) by differential display, comparing metastatic human breast carcinoma cell line MDA‐MB‐435 to its metastasis‐suppressed human chromosome 11 microcell hybrid. Screening of a murine cDNA library led to the identification of a 1.4 kb cDNA with a sequence revealing 85% homology to human BRMS1 within the open reading frame. The predicted protein sequence for the murine ortholog is 95% identical, suggesting that it is strongly conserved across these 2 species. The cloned cDNA was used to screen a murine strain SV129 BAC library to obtain brms1 genomic DNA. Three BAC clones [226(I4), 226(H4) and 239(N7)] were confirmed to encode the entire brms1 gene. Detailed analysis of BAC clone 226(I4) shows that the gene spans 8.5 kb and, like the human gene, is organized into 10 exons and 9 introns. While the exons share a high degree of homology, there are greater differences when comparing intron structures between the human and murine genes. The 5′ upstream region shares about 64% homology with its human counterpart, retaining several of the many putative regulatory elements. Like the human genomic BRMS1, the murine ortholog of the iGnT gene is found upstream of brms1 and the murine ortholog of the RIN1 gene is found downstream of brms1. brms1 was then tested for suppression of metastasis of mouse mammary carcinoma cell line 66cl4 in syngeneic BALB/c mice. Transfection with brms1 did not inhibit 66cl4 primary tumor formation but significantly suppressed its metastatic capability. This suggests that the murine ortholog functions similarly to BRMS1. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic alterations of the variants of human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes correlate with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Park Kang‐Sik , Cho Sang Yun , Kim Hoguen , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo develop novel markers for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), 10 cases were analyzed by 2‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Results were compared to those of paired adjacent nontumorous liver tissues. Comparative analysis of the respective spot patterns in 2DE revealed that 3 variants of class 3 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH‐3) newly appeared while 2 variants of ALDH‐2 diminished to undetectable levels in HCC. However, 4 ALDH‐1 variants with different pIs remained unaffected. This pattern of concomitant appearance and disappearance of ALDH‐3 and ALDH‐2 variants was consistently observed in all HCC tissues. Our results suggest that alterations of ALDH isozyme variants may be closely correlated to HCC and that proteomic analysis of these proteins might be a novel approach to identify the molecular events in detail during hepatocarcinogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Superresolution planar diffraction tomography through evanescent fields
Authors: Lehman Sean K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractWe consider the problem of noninvasively locating objects buried in a layered medium such as land mines in the ground or objects concealed in a wall. In such environments, the transmitter(s) and receiver(s) are frequently within the near‐field region of the illuminating radiation. In these cases, the scattered evanescent field carries useful information on the scattering object. Conventional diffraction tomography techniques neglect, by their design, the evanescent field. Under near‐field conditions, they treat it as noise as opposed to valid data. If correctly incorporated into a reconstruction algorithm, the evanescent field, which carries high spatial frequency information, can be used to achieve resolution beyond the classical limit of λ/2, or “superresolution.” We build on the generalized holography theory presented by Langenberg to develop a planar diffraction tomography algorithm that incorporates evanescent field information to achieve superresolution. Our theory is based on a generalization of the Fourier transform, which allows for complex spatial frequencies in a manner similar to the Laplace transform. We specialize our model to the case of a two‐dimensional multimonostatic, wideband imaging system, and derive an extended resolution reconstruction procedure. We implement and apply our reconstruction to two data sets collected using the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR). © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 16–26, 2002
A hybrid approach of wavelet packet and directional decomposition for image compression
Authors: Zhang Chang N. , Wu Xiangyou 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a novel image compression technique, the combination of wavelet packet transform and directional decomposition is proposed. Wavelet packet transform is an increasingly remarkable image compression approach that outperforms the standard wavelet transform in image coding. The directional filtering coding technique, one of the second‐generation image coding techniques, first introduced the concept of directional decomposition. By placing emphasis on edge detection to preserve edge information to exploit the fact that human visual systems are more sensitive to image edge features, a relatively high compression ratio can be obtained. The approach proposed in this paper decomposed an image into a low‐frequency component and a number of highfrequency components, with the edges on each high‐frequency component in its own direction. By a combined process of Cartesian coordinate rotation transform, interpolation, wavelet packet transform, and a coding algorithm, the image can be reconstructed at an improved visual quality at the same bit rate compared with the common wavelet pyramid algorithm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 51–55, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10010
Early Head Start: Investigations, insights, and promise
Authors: Robinson JoAnn L. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe authors review the significance of the research summarized in this special issue, including activities that contribute to successful university–community partnerships. The promise of Early Head Start (EHS) will be realized if investigators focus on moderators and mediators of program effects, program quality, and linkages between Early Head Start and community resources. Key factors that must be taken into account in the analysis of EHS program outcomes include assessing children's transitions to preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school; changes in family personal and social resources; the role of fathers in early child development; and the impact of family bilingualism. ©2002 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.
A dynamic multinomial probit model for brand choice with different long‐run and short‐run effects of marketing‐mix variables
Authors: Paap Richard , Franses Philip Hans 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper we propose a dynamic multinomial probit model in order to estimate the long‐run and short‐ run effects of marketing mix variables on brand choice. The latent variables, which contain the unobserved perceived utilities, follow a first‐order vector error correction autoregressive process of order 1 with current and lagged explanatory variables. The unrestricted autoregressive parameter matrix concerns the intertemporal correlation in perceived utilities of households over purchase occasions and indicates the persistence in brand choice. As explanatory variables we consider relative prices and promotional activities like feature and display. An important and novel feature of our model is that it allows for different long‐run and short‐run effects of promotional activities, thereby extending the models that are currently available in the literature. Additionally, to account for different base preferences for brands across households, we allow for consumer heterogeneity. Our application concerns a panel of households choosing among several brands of a FMCG. Our estimated model turns out to be an improvement over a static model and over a model with only short‐run effects, in terms of in‐sample fit and out‐of‐sample forecasts. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ozone induces impairment of adrenergic relaxation in thoracic guinea pig tracheas
Authors: Sommer Bettina , Vargas Mario H. , Campos María G. , Montaño Luis M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe effect of ozone on airway relaxation mechanisms has been seldom studied. We exposed guinea pigs to ozone (0.3, 0.6 or 1.2 ppm for 4 h) and studied the in vitro tracheal responses to isoproterenol and nitroprusside, looking for differences between cervical and thoracic regions. We found that ozone did not alter responses to nitroprusside, whereas it produced a concentration‐dependent decrease in the responses to isoproterenol in thoracic but not cervical tracheas. Thus, in isolated organ studies care should be taken to avoid mixing cervical and thoracic tracheal regions, at least when adrenergic responses are to be evaluated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution to the penetration of radionuclides across the skin. Concentration dependence of strontium through the skin in vitro
Authors: Bauerová Katarína , Kassai Zoltán , Koprda Vasil , Harangozó Margita 
Published: August 2002

AbstractToxicological studies of radionuclide passage across the skin, which represents a crucial barrier of radiation, are important for ensuring the quality of the environment. Both 137Cs and 90Sr are most frequently involved in radionuclide contamination of the human body. In our study, we selected 90Sr because this radionuclide is chemically very close to the bio‐element calcium. The permeation of 90Sr from donor solution across the intact skin of 5‐ or 9‐day‐old rats (5DR, 9DR) and across stripped and splitted skin of the 5DR was studied. The experiments in vitro were carried out using vertical diffusion cells. Strontium chloride (SrCl2) was used as carrier in the donor solution in different concentrations. Liquid scintillation spectrometry was applied for radiation detection.The experiments showed that: the permeated fraction of 90Sr2+ was indirectly proportional to the carrier concentration in the donor solution; the stratum corneum was found to be the principal penetration barrier of strontium; and in the case of the 9DR the dominant route of strontium penetration was along the follicles. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity of trichloroethylene following inhalation and drinking contaminated water
Authors: Waseem Mohammad , Ali Mohamad , Dogra Shashi , Dutta Kalyan Kumar , Kaw Jawahir Lal 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe neurobehavioural effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) were studied in rats following administration of the solvent orally (350, 700 and 1400 ppm in drinking water for 90 days) and through inhalation (376 ppm for 4 h a day, 5 days per week for 180 days). Various aspects of spontaneous locomotor activity were assessed at different periods after exposure through either of the routes. Oral exposure to TCE had no significant effect on spontaneous locomotor activity or cognitive ability, whereas inhalation to the solvent resulted in an increase in the distance travelled and horizontal activity counts at day 30 but a decrease at day 60 of exposure. The time spent in ambulatory and stereotypic movements as well as the number of stereotypic movements were enhanced significantly only at day 30. The resting time was decreased at day 30 but enhanced at day 60 of exposure. The learning ability was not affected significantly up to day 180. The results highlight the neurotoxic potential of inhalation exposure to TCE. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of oxidative species and low‐molecular‐weight DNA in skin following dermal exposure with JP‐8 jet fuel
Authors: Rogers James V. , Gunasekar Palur G. , Garrett Carol M. , Kabbur Mahendra B. , McDougal James N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDermal absorption of JP‐8 jet fuel can lead to skin irritation within hours after exposure. This study detected the formation of oxidative species and low‐molecular‐weight DNA in rat skin as potential indicators of JP‐8‐induced skin injury. At 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after the beginning of a 1‐h exposure, skin samples were removed and analyzed for oxidative species formation and low‐molecular‐weight DNA analysis. At 1, 2 and 4 h, mean oxidative species levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) above unexposed samples. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) low‐molecular‐weight DNA values were observed at 4 and 6 h compared with unexposed controls. These results demonstrate significant increases in oxidative species and low‐molecular‐weight DNA levels in the skin following dermal exposure to JP‐8. These responses may serve as indicators of skin injury following exposure to JP‐8 jet fuel and other volatile chemicals or mixtures. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.