bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEM-LBM insights into unsteady grain-fluid collapses on a geotechnical centrifuge
Authors: Webb William , Turnbull Barbara , Leonardi Alessandro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of granular flows in geotechnical centrifuge models, focusing on the effects of centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations. While conventional laboratory-scale investigations often rely on Froude scaling, geotechnical centrifuge modelling offers a unique advantage in incorporating stress-dependent processes that fundamentally shape flow rheology and dynamics. Using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM), we simulate the collapse of a just-saturated granular column within a rotating reference frame. The model’s accuracy is validated against expected trends and physical experiments, demonstrating its strong performance in replicating idealised collapse behaviour. Acceleration effects on both macro- and grain-scale dynamics are examined through phase front and coordination number analysis, providing insight on how centrifugal and Coriolis accelerations influence flow structure and mobility. This work enhances our understanding of granular flow dynamics in geotechnical centrifuge models by introducing an interstitial pore fluid and considering multiple factors that influence flow behaviour over a wide parameter space.
A Novel USP51 Variant in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Epilepsy
Authors: Garg Ria 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive behaviors. The genetic basis of ASD is complex and involves both rare variants with large effect sizes and common variants with small effect sizes.
Case presentation: This case report describes a 19-year-old male with ASD, intellectual disability, absent speech, and epilepsy. Molecular testing revealed a novel maternally inherited variant in the USP51 gene, which encodes Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 51, a deubiquitinating enzyme involved in DNA damage response. Based on current knowledge, the variant is predicted to result in a truncated protein and is considered a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS).
Conclusions: The USP51 gene has been implicated in neurodevelopment, and its role in the developing brain suggests its potential relevance to ASD. Further studies are needed to establish the association of USP51 variants with ASD and elucidate the full phenotypic spectrum associated with these variants.
Effects of porous structures on point source dispersion across the sediment–water interface
Authors: Xu Pengcheng , Wang Lingling , Xu Jin , Wang Zhe , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Bartzke Gerhard , Wu Mengtian , Han Jianjun , Zhu Hai 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Understanding the transport of point source solutes across the sediment–water interface (SWI) is important for the protection of river environments. Conventional coupled models assume the porous media layer as Darcy's laminar flow and therefore cannot accurately capture the transport processes within the porous media. Furthermore, the effect of the porous structure of the riverbed on the transport process is largely unknown. In this study, we performed pore-scale numerical simulations of point source solutes transport across the SWI to investigate the effects of different porous structures in the riverbed on flow and point source dispersion. By solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the k–ω shear stress transport turbulence closure model, we determine the complex flow field information and the spatial distribution of point source solutes for the coupled model. The results indicate that the presence of porous structures creates recirculation zones in the coupled model, which prevents turbulent structures reaching deeper layers. Random porous structures induce more preferential flow, inhibit the formation of recirculation zones, and exhibit higher solute dispersion, which is directly related to turbulent solute fluxes. Furthermore, our study reveals that the release position of point sources significantly influences the distribution of solute concentrations within the porous bed.
Towards an Analytical Biology
Authors: Garzon Max H. , Coloradodo Fredy A. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
This article draws a perspective on the increasingly unavoidable question of whether
steps can be taken in genomics and biology at large to move them more rapidly towards more analytical and deductive biology, akin to similar developments that occurred in other natural sciences,
such as physics and chemistry, centuries ago. It provides a summary of recent advances in other
relevant sciences in the last 3 decades that are likely to pull it in that direction in the next decade
or so, as well as what methods and tools will make it possible.
Mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia from the Analysis Perspectives
Authors: Zeng Jia , Tian Huiqun , Kang Le , Wu Qian , Liu Shiwen , Xiao Yugang , Shao Hongwei , Huang Guangrui , Liu Song 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Chemotherapy resistance often occurs in the conventional treatment with
AML and results in poor cure rates. CKI was found to have a good therapeutic effect when it was
combined with other chemotherapy drugs in the clinical treatment of AML. However, the underlying
mechanism is unclear. Therefore, this study aims to preliminarily describe the pharmacological activity
and mechanism of CKI through comprehensive network pharmacology methods.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of Compound Kushen Injection
(CKI) in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by using network pharmacology, molecular
docking, and molecular dynamics techniques.

Methods:
Active compounds of CKI were identified based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems
Pharmacy (TCMSP) database, and the related targets of the active compounds were predicted using
Swiss Target Prediction; AML-related targets from Gene Cards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in
Man (OMIM) were collected. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and its mechanism
was predicted through Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) enrichment. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, module partitioning,
and hub node screening were visualized by using the Cytoscape software and its plugins. These
module partitionings were also verified by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics modeling.

Results:
Fifty-six active ingredients corresponding to 223 potential targets were identified. Biological
function analysis showed that 731, 70, and 137 GO entries were associated with biological processes,
cellular components, and molecular functions, respectively. A total of 163 KEGG pathways were
identified. Network analysis showed that the key anti-AML targets of CKI are MAPK3, EGFR, SRC,
PIK3CA, and PIK3R1 targets, which are involved in the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK signaling pathways
or related crosstalk pathways.

Conclusion:
Our results suggested that the key anti-AML targets of CKI, such as MAPK3, EGFR,
SRC, PIK3CA and PIK3R1, are involved in the PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK signaling pathways or related
crosstalk pathways. Concentrating on the dynamic and complex crosstalk regulation between
PI3K/Akt and Ras/MAPK signal pathways and related signal pathways may be a new direction in
anti-AML therapy in the future.
Treatment Modalities for Trigeminal Neuralgia and the Need for Vigilance
in Monitoring Adverse Drug Events: A Case Report
Authors: Addanki Raja Narendra Divakar , Mannava Anjali Srikanth , Velmurugan Hemasri , Thangaraju Pugazhenthan 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare condition characterised by paroxysms of
intense pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. This condition significantly diminishes
the patient's quality of life, and the side effects from chronic use of medications for symptomatic
relief further exacerbate their distress

Case Description:
The case report discusses a patient diagnosed with Trigeminal Neuralgia who
commenced carbamazepine treatment. The report tracks the disease's progression, medication
adjustments, and the eventual emergence of vertigo due to long-term carbamazepine use.

Conclusion:
The article covers fundamental information about trigeminal neuralgia and its management and also offers a comprehensive review of the basics of vertigo. It delves into carbamazepine's mechanism of action and its associated side effects. The paper also looks at prospective therapy changes that could improve patients' quality of life.
Unveiling the Latest Breakthroughs: A Comprehensive Review of the
Therapeutic Activity and Safety Profile of Aloe vera
Authors: Saifi Alimuddin , Sharma Alok , Chaudhary Anurag , Siddiqui Nazia , Ashwlayan Vrish Dhwaj , Singh Bhuwanendra 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
The use of herbal drugs as alternative and complementary medicine has increased in
popularity, raising concerns about their safety profile. Aloe vera, a plant with diverse therapeutic
properties, has been extensively used for centuries. This review aims to assess the therapeutic
activity and safety profile of Aloe vera. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to
gather relevant information from various biomedical databases. The chemical composition,
mechanism of action, and therapeutic activities of Aloe vera were analyzed. Aloe vera contains
numerous active components such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals, sugars, lignin, saponins, and
anthraquinones. Its mechanisms of action involve collagen synthesis, anti-inflammatory effects,
immune modulation, laxative properties, and antiviral activity. Aloe vera has demonstrated potential therapeutic benefits in wound healing, diabetes management, liver and kidney protection,
and glycemic control. However, it is essential to consider potential side effects, such as skin irritation and allergic reactions. This review provides evidence-based information to improve patient safety and promote informed decisions regarding the use of Aloe vera as a therapeutic
agent.
Cyclophosphamide Toxicity in Pediatric Nephrotic Syndrome Patient: A
Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Patil Soumya , Patil Mahantesh V , Bagalkotkar Apoorva , Wali Shashikala 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Primary membranous nephropathy is a rare presentation in children. Patients unresponsive to steroids and experiencing frequent relapse are considered steroid-resistant.
They often require complex treatment regimens consisting of immunosuppressants like cyclophosphamide, tacrolimus, and cyclosporin A.

Case:
In the present case, a 5-year-old child was suffering from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome for the past 10 months. He was initially treated with prednisolone 20mg but was subsequently found to be steroid-resistant. A renal biopsy revealed primary podocytopathy with immunocomplex deposits in podocyte tissues, suggesting primary membranous nephropathy as the
cause of SRNS (steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome). Cyclophosphamide 25mg twice daily was
added to the treatment plan since the child did not tolerate tacrolimus therapy. During a subsequent follow-up, the physician reduced the cyclophosphamide 25mg dose to once a day, but parents misinterpreted this, and the child received a larger dose, cyclophosphamide 25mg, four
times a day for 20 days. This resulted in cyclophosphamide toxicity-induced neutropenia, alopecia and posing the child at greater risk of sepsis.

Conclusion:
Nephrotic syndrome is a chronic disease that demands extensive treatment plans
and strict monitoring. Medication errors are common among parents or caregivers of pediatric
patients. This case is a take-home message emphasizing the significance of patient-centered
communication in preventing medication errors. A clinical pharmacist can aid in conveying simple and unambiguous information to parents or caregivers.
MiR-29b Alleviates High Glucose-induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in Podocytes by Down-regulating PRKAB2
Authors: Du Hongxiu , Wang Yakun , Zhu Yingchun , Li Xiaoying , Zhu Tingying , Wu Qianqian , Zha Fangfang 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Podocyte injury and inflammatory response are the core contributors to
the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. This study aims to identify novel regulatory miRNAs
and elucidate their underlying mechanisms, which will help us understand the pathogenesis of
diabetic nephropathy more comprehensively.

Materials and Methods:
Different glucose concentrations were used to treat podocytes to mimic
the pathology of diabetic nephropathy in vitro. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell
apoptosis. Inflammatory cytokines released by podocytes were measured by using an enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western Blot was used to detect the expression of
PRKAB2 protein in podocytes.

Results:
Genecard and g: profiler results revealed that miR-29b might be involved in regulating
HG-induced cell injury. QRT-PCR indicated that HG-induced downregulation of miR-29b in
podocytes. MiR-29b knockdown promoted cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in podocytes.
MiR-29b overexpression repressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory response induced by
high glucose treatment in podocytes. Luciferase reporter assay and Western Blot showed that
miR-29b targeted PRKAB2 to negatively regulate PRKAB2 expression directly. Knockdown of
PRKAB2 reversed the increased cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by miR-29b inhibitors.

Conclusion:
MiR-29b plays a role in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis in high glucose
(HG) treated podocytes by negatively regulating PRKAB2 expression. This study provides new
potential targets and ideas for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Effects of Standardized Aqueous Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Ficus
Deltoidea var. Trengganuensis on Blood Pressure in Spontaneously
Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Radjeni Zurain , Abdul Aziz Mardiana , Ab Azis Norasikin , Ahmad Kamal Mohd Saleh , Singh Harbindar Jeet 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Laboratory evidence pertaining to the antihypertensive activity of a number
of Ficus deltoidea (FD) varieties remains undetermined, although extracts of some of these varieties
have been shown to have angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro.

Objective:
This study, therefore, evaluated the effect of a standardized aqueous-ethanolic extract of
leaves of Ficus deltoidea var. trengganuensis (FDT) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive
rats (SHR).

Methods:
SHR were given either to 800, 1000 or 1200 mg kg-1 body weight of standardized aqueous-
ethanolic extract of FDT or 10 mg kg-1 body weight of losartan or 0.5 ml of distilled water daily
for four weeks.

Results:
SBP decreased significantly in FDT- and losartan-treated rats (p < 0.05). Components of
RAAS and other serum and urinary parameters were not different between the groups except for
Endothelin-1, which was significantly lower than that in the controls. Urinary calcium excretion was
significantly higher in FDT-treated rats (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
It seems that daily oral administration of FDT significantly lowers blood pressure in
SHR through mechanisms that do not involve RAAS but may involve the endothelium or other yetto-
be-determined mechanisms.
The Optical and Structural Properties of Cu Nanoparticles: Graphene
Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Deionized Water
Authors: Aghkonbad Ehsan Motallebi , Jafari Akbar , Aghgonbad Maryam Motallebi 
Published: January 2024

Background:
In this paper, graphene and copper oxide nanoparticles and graphene-based
copper oxide nanoparticles have been produced by means of a pulsed laser ablation process (PLA) in
a deionized water solution.

Methods:
The composition ratio of materials has been investigated in the structure of the prepared
materials and their optical properties. The absorbance of the samples was obtained by the UV-VIS
single beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 290 to 800 nm. Spectroscopic ellipsometry method was used to investigate the linear optical properties of the samples including the real and
imaginary parts of refractive index and dielectric function of the samples. The preferred model in the
dielectric function modeling was Tauc-Lorentz. Also, the energy band gap of the samples has been
calculated using Tauc relation. In addition, the nonlinear optical properties of graphene based copper
oxide have been studied by Z-scan technique. Structure of the samples was studied using TEM image.

Results:
The most and the least absorbance at 532 nm wavelength, and also band gap energy belong
to 1.4 ml Gr-0.6 ml Cu and copper oxide, respectively.

Conclusion:
The band gap energies of the samples were calculated between 3.30 eV and 3.43 eV. The real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index were obtained in the order of 10-8cm2/W and 10-5cm/W. The results for nonlinear properties show that these samples are suitable for all-optical switching devices.
The Impact of Carrageenan on Pharmascience
Authors: Bhatt Akanksha , Nainwal Nidhi , Purohit Priyank 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Carrageenan (CG) a sulfated polysaccharide (SP) is produced using a variety of seaweeds from the Rhodophyceae family. This type of seaweed is available in areas, like the Atlantic Ocean close to Great Britain, Europe, and North America. Carrageenan has been permitted
for the use as food items with the European additive E-number E407. Carrageenan is a widely
used polysaccharide derived from red seaweed and is known for its various applications in the
chemical, biological, and pharmaceutical fields. It delves into its versatile applications across
various sub areas, spanning from the food to the pharmaceutical industry. A significant emphasis
is placed on the intricate roles of carrageenan in pharmaceutical science, where it serves as both
a drug carrier agent and an active ingredient, owing to its noteworthy biological activity. This
review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of carrageenan's versatile applications, with a
focus on its chemical properties, biological activities, and pharmaceutical uses. The
pharmaceutical applications of carrageenan are further categorized into various subparts,
including its role in treating diseases and its use in drug delivery systems, such as topical, oral,
nasal, and unconventional routes. The review also incorporates the most recent developments in
clinical trials involving carrageenan and its updated applications, drawing from authoritative
sources. This comprehensive analysis aims to offer readers a clear understanding of
carrageenan's multifaceted nature and its evolving significance in diverse industries.
Comprehensiveness, Accuracy, and Readability of Exercise Recommendations Provided by an AI-Based Chatbot: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Zaleski Amanda L , Berkowsky Rachel , Craig Kelly Jean Thomas , Pescatello Linda S 
Published: January 2024

Background
Regular physical activity is critical for health and disease prevention. Yet, health care providers and patients face barriers to implement evidence-based lifestyle recommendations. The potential to augment care with the increased availability of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is limitless; however, the suitability of AI-generated exercise recommendations has yet to be explored.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and readability of individualized exercise recommendations generated by a novel AI chatbot.

Methods
A coding scheme was developed to score AI-generated exercise recommendations across ten categories informed by gold-standard exercise recommendations, including (1) health condition–specific benefits of exercise, (2) exercise preparticipation health screening, (3) frequency, (4) intensity, (5) time, (6) type, (7) volume, (8) progression, (9) special considerations, and (10) references to the primary literature. The AI chatbot was prompted to provide individualized exercise recommendations for 26 clinical populations using an open-source application programming interface. Two independent reviewers coded AI-generated content for each category and calculated comprehensiveness (%) and factual accuracy (%) on a scale of 0%-100%. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid formula. Qualitative analysis identified and categorized themes from AI-generated output.

Results
AI-generated exercise recommendations were 41.2% (107/260) comprehensive and 90.7% (146/161) accurate, with the majority (8/15, 53%) of inaccuracy related to the need for exercise preparticipation medical clearance. Average readability level of AI-generated exercise recommendations was at the college level (mean 13.7, SD 1.7), with an average Flesch reading ease score of 31.1 (SD 7.7). Several recurring themes and observations of AI-generated output included concern for liability and safety, preference for aerobic exercise, and potential bias and direct discrimination against certain age-based populations and individuals with disabilities.

Conclusions
There were notable gaps in the comprehensiveness, accuracy, and readability of AI-generated exercise recommendations. Exercise and health care professionals should be aware of these limitations when using and endorsing AI-based technologies as a tool to support lifestyle change involving exercise.
Effectiveness of a Serious Video Game (MOON) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Martin-Moratinos Marina , Bella-Fernández Marcos , Rodrigo-Yanguas Maria , González-Tardón Carlos , Sújar Aaron , Li Chao , Wang Ping , Royuela Ana , Lopez-Garcia Pilar , Blasco-Fontecilla Hilario 
Published: January 2024

Background
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence of 5% and associated difficulties and worse prognosis if undetected. Multimodal treatment is the treatment of choice. However, sometimes treatment can be insufficient or have drawbacks.

Objective
This study protocol aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive training through the serious video game The Secret Trail of Moon (MOON) in improving emotional regulation in people with ADHD.

Methods
This is a prospective, unicenter, randomized, unblinded, pre- and postintervention study. The groups will be randomized (MOON vs control) via an electronic case report form. The MOON intervention will be performed 2 times per week for 10 weeks (30 minutes per session). The first 5 weeks (10 sessions) will be conducted face-to-face at the Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, and the remaining weeks will be conducted via the internet at the participants’ homes. The total sample consists of 152 patients aged between 7 and 18 years. All participants have a clinical diagnosis of ADHD under pharmacological treatment. Data collection will be used to obtain demographic and clinical data. The data will be recorded using REDCap. Measures will be made through clinical scales for parents and objective tests of cognitive functioning in patients. Additional information on academic performance will be collected. The study has a power greater than 80% to detect differences. Student t test, 2-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney analyses will be performed according to each variable’s characteristics.

Results
The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Puerta de Hierro University Hospital on December 14, 2022. As of September 26, 2023, we have enrolled 62 participants, and 31 participants have completed the study. This clinical trial was funded by the Comunidad de Madrid (IND2020/BMD-17544). The approximate completion date is March 2024.

Conclusions
Serious video games such as MOON can be motivational tools that complement multimodal treatment for ADHD.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT06006871; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06006871

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/53191