bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensorimotor integration in movement disorders
Authors: Abbruzzese Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAlthough current knowledge attributes movement disorders to a dysfunction of the basal ganglia–motor cortex circuits, abnormalities in the peripheral afferent inputs or in their central processing may interfere with motor program execution. We review the abnormalities of sensorimotor integration described in the various types of movement disorders. Several observations, including those of parkinsonian patients' excessive reliance on ongoing visual information during movement tasks, suggest that proprioception is defective in Parkinson's disease (PD). The disturbance of proprioceptive regulation, possibly related to the occurrence of abnormal muscle‐stretch reflexes, might be important for generating hypometric or bradykinetic movements. Studies with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs), prepulse inhibition, and event‐related potentials support the hypothesis of central abnormalities of sensorimotor integration in PD. In Huntington's disease (HD), changes in SEPs and long‐latency stretch reflexes suggest that a defective gating of peripheral afferent input to the brain might impair sensorimotor integration in cortical motor areas, thus interfering with the processing of motor programs. Defective motor programming might contribute to some features of motor impairment in HD. Sensory symptoms are frequent in focal dystonia and sensory manipulation can modify the dystonic movements. In addition, specific sensory functions (kinaesthesia, spatial–temporal discrimination) can be impaired in patients with focal hand dystonia, thus leading to a “sensory overflow.” Sensory input may be abnormal and trigger focal dystonia, or defective “gating” may cause an input–output mismatch in specific motor programs. Altogether, several observations strongly support the idea that sensorimotor integration is impaired in focal dystonia. Although elemental sensation is normal in patients with tics, tics can be associated with sensory phenomena. Some neurophysiological studies suggest that an altered “gating” mechanism also underlies the development of tics. This review underlines the importance of abnormal sensorimotor integration in the pathophysiology of movement disorders. Although the physiological mechanism remains unclear, the defect is of special clinical relevance in determining the development of focal dystonia.
Increased daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: A questionnaire survey
Authors: Högl Birgit , Seppi Klaus , Brandauer Elisabeth , Glatzl Susanne , Frauscher Birgit , Niedermüller Ulrike , Wenning Gregor , Poewe Werner 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe evaluated the frequency and severity of excessive daytime sleepiness in an outpatient population with Parkinson's disease in comparison to age‐matched controls and examined its relationship with antiparkinsonian drug therapy and sleep history. Increased daytime sleepiness and involuntary sleep episodes have been described in Parkinson's disease, but the etiology is not completely understood. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a validated questionnaire for daytime sleepiness, was prospectively administered to 99 consecutive outpatients with Parkinson's disease and 44 age‐matched controls. In addition, a short sleep‐screening questionnaire was used. The ESS revealed significantly increased daytime sleepiness in PD patients compared to controls (7.5 ± 4.6 vs. 5.8 ± 3.0, P = 0.013). The ESS score was abnormally high (10 or more) in 33 % of PD patients and 11.4% of controls (P = 0.001). ESS was not different between PD patients on levodopa monotherapy and those on levodopa and dopamine agonists, or between patients taking ergoline or non‐ergoline dopamine agonists. In PD patients and in controls, sleepiness was significantly associated with reported heavy snoring. Increased daytime sleepiness is more frequent in patients with PD than in elderly controls. Similar to controls, increased daytime sleepiness in PD patients is correlated with heavy snoring. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Surgical treatment of brachial plexus traction injuries in children, excluding obstetric palsy
Authors: El‐Gammal Tarek Abdalla , El‐Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohammed M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTraumatic brachial plexus injuries in children, excluding birth palsy, are seldom reported. In this study, we report on 11 cases operated upon between 1995–1998, and followed for at least 30 months. All patients were males with an average age of 11 years (range, 3–16 years). The denervation time averaged 3.8 months (range, 1–8 months). Eight patients had two or more root avulsions; two had additional severe infraclavicular injuries. In total, 6 grafting and 25 extraplexal neurotization procedures were used. Donor nerves included the intercostal nerves, phrenic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, and contralateral C7 root. Elbow flexion was restored in all but 2 cases. Shoulder abduction varied from 30–90°, according to the method of reconstruction. Triceps recovered in 2 cases and finger and wrist extensors in 1 case. Wrist and finger flexion was obtained in 1 case. Sensory recovery in the palm reached S2/S2+. Harvesting the phrenic nerve and the contralateral C7 root resulted in no residual morbidity. Compared to adults, children have a higher incidence of root avulsion, no deafferentiation pain, a higher incidence of associated skeletal injuries, and the same recovery rate of elbow and shoulder functions following plexus reconstruction, but recovery is faster. Given the frequency of root avulsions, neurotization is often required. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:14–17 2003
Incidence and significance of microscopic pathological lesions found in pedicle and recipient vessels used in microsurgical breast reconstruction
Authors: El‐Mrakby H.H. , McLean N.R. , Hodgkinson P.D. , Soames J.V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of abnormal vascular histology and to determine whether or not this was correlated with the incidence of postoperative microvascular problems. The microvascular histology of both donor and recipient vessels was studied in 38 patients (40 flaps) undergoing breast reconstruction with free TRAM flaps. Preoperative risk factors were assessed and correlated with histological changes in vessels, and both were tested against anastomotic complications. Thrombosis of either the artery or the vein of the flap was seen in 6 cases (15%), and of these, two flaps failed completely and one suffered partial necrosis. The occlusion affected the arterial anastomosis in 3 patients, and the venous anastomosis in 2 patients, while both the artery and the vein were thrombosed in one case. Preoperative risk factors such as smoking, obesity, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were not associated with a significantly higher incidence of thrombosis or with significant histological abnormalities in vessels (P value varied between 0.3–0.06). Microvascular histology showed variable degrees of pathological changes in six flaps (15%); nevertheless, in this group, only one flap suffered a venous thrombosis, which ended in total flap loss. Among those with one or more risk factors (24 patients), only 2 had some evidence of histological abnormality of the blood vessels used for the microvascular anastomosis (P = 0.2). © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:6–9 2003
Recovery of touch after median nerve lesion and subsequent repair
Authors: Meek M.F. , Coert J.H. , Wong K.H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMany techniques have been developed for the evaluation of peripheral nerve function. Consequently, physicians use different techniques in the clinic. This study describes the evaluation of touch after median nerve lesions in the forearm and repair. In order to evaluate touch, 25 patients, aged 11–51 years (mean, 29 years), were evaluated 3–10.5 years (mean, 5 years) after median nerve repair. The evaluation included the moving two‐point discrimination test and Semmes‐Weinstein monofilaments. We showed that 32% good–excellent results can be obtained with difficult nerve lesions. The results could have been improved if a sensory reeducation regime had been applied. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:2–5 2003
Integral equation methods for scattering by infinite rough surfaces
Authors: Zhang Bo , Chandler‐Wilde Simon N. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the Dirichlet and impedance boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a non‐locally perturbed half‐plane. These boundary value problems arise in a study of time‐harmonic acoustic scattering of an incident field by a sound‐soft, infinite rough surface where the total field vanishes (the Dirichlet problem) or by an infinite, impedance rough surface where the total field satisfies a homogeneous impedance condition (the impedance problem). We propose a new boundary integral equation formulation for the Dirichlet problem, utilizing a combined double‐ and single‐layer potential and a Dirichlet half‐plane Green's function. For the impedance problem we propose two boundary integral equation formulations, both using a half‐plane impedance Green's function, the first derived from Green's representation theorem, and the second arising from seeking the solution as a single‐layer potential. We show that all the integral equations proposed are uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions for all wavenumbers. As an important corollary we prove that, for a variety of incident fields including an incident plane wave, the impedance boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution under certain constraints on the boundary impedance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the existence of solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations of a two‐dimensional compressible flow
Authors: Erban Radek 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe consider the Navier–Stokes equations for compressible, barotropic flow in two space dimensions. We introduce useful tools from the theory of Orlicz spaces. Then we prove the existence of globally defined finite energy weak solutions for the pressure satisfying p(ϱ) = aϱlogd(ϱ) for large ϱ. Here d>1 and a > 0. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of unpumped EDF position and auxiliary pump wavelength on L‐band EDFA performance
Authors: Sun Junqiang 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLarge gain enhancement in a novel long‐wavelength band (L‐band) erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is demonstrated by the cascade of pumped and unpumped erbium‐doped fibers. By utilizing an injected conventional wavelength band (C‐band) laser as an auxiliary pump signal, an approximately 7.5‐dB gain improvement is achieved. The EDFA performances are analyzed and explained in terms of C‐band wavelength, and pumped and unpumped erbium‐doped fiber sequence. The results indicate that there is a tradeoff between gain enhancement and noise figure reduction. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 95–98, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10834
A 74%, 1.56–2.71 GHz, wide‐tunable LC‐tuned VCO in 0.35‐μm CMOS technology
Authors: Oh Seung‐Min , Kim Chang‐Wan , Lee Sang‐Gug 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA wide‐tuning monolithic LC‐tuned VCO is presented. The proposed VCO accomplishes wide tuning by utilizing binary weighted switched varactor combinations operating at minimum or maximum value, in addition to a linearly varying interpolation varactor. Measurements show 74% of tuning at a range of 1.56–2.71 GHz, with the phase noise ranging from −136 dBc/Hz to −108 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The VCO is implemented in 0.35‐μm CMOS technology and dissipates 10.3 mA from a 3‐V supply. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 98–100, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10835
An undersampled high‐directivity microstrip patch array with a reduced number of radiating elements inspired on the Sierpinski fractal
Authors: Anguera Jaume , Montesinos Gemma , Puente Carles , Borja Carmen , Soler Jordi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA high‐directivity microstrip array using multilevel elements based on fractal geometry is theoretically compared with an array using circular patches. Within the same electrical area, the same directivity can be obtained. However, the number of elements for the fractal‐based array is 2.84 times less, thus reducing the complexity of the feeding network and the overall array. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 100–103, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10836
Computer‐aided analytical study of a novel de‐multiplexing scheme for SCM optical communication and an experimental scale‐model characterization
Authors: Kar Subal , Bhattacharya Mohua , Nakajima M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnalytical study and computer‐aided characterization are conducted for a novel subcarrier demultiplexing scheme, in which a pair of light modulators excited at one of the subcarrier frequencies precede the optical detectors. The baseband signal included in one of the subcarriers is directly detected from the photodiodes. Immunity from subcarrier interference is an important advantage of the scheme. A low‐frequency scale model for this scheme has been experimentally investigated to characterize the performance of the proposed scheme. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 113–117, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10840
Study of an optical solution for the new 40‐m radiotelescope of the Centro Astronómico de Yebes
Authors: García E. , De Haro L. , López Fernández J. A. , Tercero F. , Galocha B. , Barcia A. , Besada J. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this paper a solution for the focalization of the new 40‐m radiotelescope at the observatory of the Centro Astronómico de Yebes (CAY) in Guadalajara, Spain, is presented. Quasi‐optics theory is used in this paper for the propagation analysis of the beams through the different optics elements. The goal of this paper is to design an optical system that can focalize several bands in order to reduce to the minimum number of possible optic elements, and share the maximum number of them. Parameters for hyperbolic lenses and ellipsoidal mirrors, focal distances, and the feeder dimensions necessary for the focalization in each band are calculated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 121–123, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10842
A dual‐band shorted patch antenna proximity‐fed by a combined L‐ and T‐probe feed structure
Authors: Lau K. L. , Luk K. M. , Li P. , Lee K. F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMeasured results of a dual‐band shorted patch antenna excited by a combined L‐ and T‐probe feed structure are presented. By using foam layers of thickness ∼0.12λ1 and ∼0.06λ2 to support the patches that are responsible for the lower and upper bands, impedance bandwidths (SWR ≤ 2) of 54.4% and 49.1% have been obtained, respectively. The far‐field patterns are stable across the passband. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 127–129, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10844
TM scattering by a gap on a circular waveguide
Authors: Park Jong K. , Eom Hyo J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new method for the analysis of scattering by a circumferential gap on a conducting circular waveguide is presented. The method, based on the Fourier transform and mode‐matching techniques, yields a rapidly‐convergent series solution. Numerical results illustrate the effects of gap width and waveguide radius on radiation and scattering. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 146–148, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10850
Application of an optical fiber grating pressure sensor on a high‐speed‐train real‐time tracing system
Authors: Li Pei , Fengping Yan , Zhi Wang , Zhi Tong , Shuisheng Jian 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA new kind of optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) pressure sensor is introduced by using the wavelength encoding characteristic of FBG. This sensor combines a computer monitor with a series of FBGs of different wavelengths. The measurement time is 1 ms/point. It can be widely used on a real‐time tracing system for high‐speed trains, to obtain the train's parameters, such as position, velocity, acceleration, “out of joint,” etc. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 148–151, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10851
A study of compact microstrip resonant cells with applications in active circuits
Authors: Xue Q. , Liu Y. F. , Shum K. M. , Chan C. H. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractSome novel compact microstrip resonant cells (CMRCs) are proposed and analyzed. With specific patterns etched on the microstrip line, these cells exhibit different characteristics of slow wave and bandstop. CMRCs are incorporated into a low‐current‐consumption transmitting/receiving (TX/RX) switch and a 4th‐subharmonically pumped mixer. The performance is greatly improved. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 37: 158–162, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10854
Conformational studies of novel estrogen receptor ligands by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and computational methods
Authors: Sebag Albert B. , Hanson Robert N. , Forsyth David A. , Lee Choon Young 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe solution conformations of the novel estrogen receptor ligands (17α,20E)‐(p‐trifluoromethylphenyl)vinylestradiol (1) and (17α,20E)‐(o‐trifluoromethylphenyl)vinylestradiol (2) were investigated in 2D and 1D NOESY studies and by comparison of 13C NMR chemical shifts with theoretical shieldings. The 1H and 13C assignments of 1 and 2 were determined by DEPT, COSY and HMQC experiments. The conformations of the 17α‐phenylvinyl substituents of 1 and 2 are of interest because of their differing receptor binding affinities and effects in in vivo uterotrophic growth assays. A statistical method of evaluating contributing conformers of 1 and 2 from predicted 13C shifts of possible structures correlated fairly well with conformational conclusions derived from the NOE data. The 17α substituents of 1 and 2 apparently exist in similar conformational equilibria, suggesting that while 1 and 2 would occupy a similar receptor volume, interactions with the protein may shift the equilibrium and thereby influence the expression of the ligand. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of a novel ring‐constrained biaryl pyrazole CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist
Authors: Francisco Ma. Elena Y. , Burgess Jason P. , George Clifford , Bailey Gregory S. , Gilliam Anne F. , Seltzman Herbert H. , Thomas Brian F. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUpon irradiation with a 450 W high‐pressure mercury lamp, the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist N‐(piperidinyl)‐5‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxamide (SR14‐1716; 1) undergoes a photocyclization reaction to yield a single reaction product. This product, 2, the structure of which is based on a pyrazolo[1,5‐f]phenanthridine ring system, was established by two‐dimensional NMR techniques (COSY, HSQC, HMBC and ROESY), and was later confirmed by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structure shows two independent molecules of 3 and a half molecule of the 1,2‐dichloroethane solvate. Compound 2 has reasonably high affinity for the CB1 receptor (Ki = 48.0 ± 2.7 nM). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging of spatially resolved acrylamide photopolymerization
Authors: Lees Tom J. , Balcom Bruce J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging was employed to examine spatially and temporally resolved photopolymerization of acrylamide gels. Fast exchange between free and bound water results in single exponential T2 decay, where 1/T2 scales linearly with polymer concentration. Measured T2s are sensitive to the experimental conditions; however, the 1/T2 relationship to polymer concentration allows a straightforward interpretation of image contrast changes during photopolymerization. The polymer appears to form at a nearly constant rate until the monomer concentration is significantly depleted. Conventional spin‐echo images and quantitative CPMG‐weighted spin‐echo images were acquired. Photopolymerization of a partially masked sample produced a sharp transition (1 mm width) between polymer and monomer regions of the sample. The image intensity is uniform throughout the illuminated region of the sample, indicating uniform polymer formation. Interrupting the illumination quenches polymer formation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding of immunoglobulin G antibodies in Guillain–Barré syndrome sera to a mixture of GM1 and a phospholipid: Possible clinical implications
Authors: Kusunoki Susumu , Morita Daiji , Ohminami Shinya , Hitoshi Seiji , Kanazawa Ichiro 
Published: March 2003

AbstractAnti‐GM1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are frequently present in sera from patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). A previous report on a patient who had a neuropathy with immunoglobulin M (IgM) M‐protein binding to a conformational epitope formed by phosphatidic acid (PA) and gangliosides prompted us to investigate the binding of IgG antibodies in GBS sera to a mixture of GM1 and PA (GM1/PA). Of 121 GBS patients, 32 had anti‐GM1 IgG antibodies. All 32 also had antibody activity against GM1/PA. Twenty‐five (78%) of 32 patients had greater activity against GM1/PA than against GM1 alone. Twelve patients who had no anti‐GM1 IgG antibodies had IgG antibody activity against GM1/PA. No GBS patient had IgG antibody against PA alone. In contrast, two rabbit anti‐GM1 antisera had greater activity against GM1 alone than against GM1/PA. IgG antibody with greater binding activity against a mixture of GM1 and a phospholipid than against GM1 alone may have an important role in the pathogenesis of GBS and has implications for diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 27: 302–306, 2003
Skeletal muscle function and hypertrophy are diminished in old age
Authors: Degens Hans , Alway Stephen E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMuscle loss occurs during aging. To investigate whether the hypertrophic response is attenuated at old age, we used male Fischer 344 (26 months old; n = 5) and Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats (6, 9, and 33 months old; n = 8, 10, and 6, respectively). Hypertrophy of the left plantaris muscle was induced by surgical denervation of its agonists. The right leg served as control. The mass and maximal tetanic force (P0) of control muscles declined by ∼30% between 9 and 26 months (P < 0.05). Fatigue resistance during intermittent isometric contractions was reduced by ∼60% at 33 months. At 33 months, the attenuated hypertrophy was accompanied by a decrease rather than an increase in P0. Yet, hypertrophy was accompanied by a 25% rise in fatigue resistance at all ages (P = 0.001). Thus, aging is associated with a decline in muscle mass and function. In addition, at advanced age, the hypertrophic response is reduced and a hypertrophic stimulus even aggravates the age‐associated muscle weakening. Muscle Nerve 27: 339–347, 2003