bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of driver drowsiness level using a hybrid learning model based on ECG signals
Authors: Xiong Hui , Yan Yan , Sun Lifei , Liu Jinzhen , Han Yuqing , Xu Yangyang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Fatigue has a considerable impact on the driver’s vehicle and even the driver’s own operating ability.

Methods
An intelligent algorithm is proposed for the problem that it is difficult to classify the degree of drowsiness generated by the driver during the driving process. By studying the driver’s electrocardiogram (ECG) during driving, two models were established to jointly classify the ECG signals as awake, stress, and fatigue or drowsiness states for drowsiness levels. Firstly, the deep learning method was used to establish the model_1 to predict the drowsiness of the original ECG, and model_2 was developed using the combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and weighted K-nearest neighbor (WKNN) algorithm to classify the heart rate variability characteristics. Then, the drowsiness prediction results of the two models were weighted according to certain rules, and the hybrid learning model combining dilated convolution and bidirectional long short-term memory network with PCA and WKNN algorithm was established, and the mixed model was denoted as DiCNN-BiLSTM and PCA-WKNN (DBPW). Finally, the validity of the DBPW model was verified by simulation of the public database.

Results
The experimental results show that the average accuracy, sensitivity and F1 score of the test model in the dataset containing multiple drivers are 98.79, 98.81, and 98.79 % respectively, and the recognition accuracy for drowsiness or drowsiness state is 99.33 %.

Conclusions
Using the proposed algorithm, it is possible to identify driver anomalies and provide new ideas for the development of intelligent vehicles.
Using calcined waste fish bones as a green solid catalyst for biodiesel production from date seed oil
Authors: Alsaiari Raiedhah A. , Musa Esraa M. , Alsaiari Aeshah H. , Alsaiari Shuruq S. , Alsaiari Sarah S. , Rizk Moustafa A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Since biodiesels are widely considered more environmentally friendly and ecologically sustainable than fuels derived from petroleum – as well as producing greener energy at a lower price – this belief has encouraged the growth of the bio-economy. The primary objective of this work was to investigate the use of a novel non-edible feedstock obtained from date seed oil for the production of environmentally friendly biodiesel. This was achieved via the application of creative and different hydroxyapatite (HAPT) heterogeneous catalysts. These catalysts were obtained from discarded fish bones that were synthesized from dried fish bone and subjected to calcination at different temperatures. This study used several analytical methods, including transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis, to investigate the properties of a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable catalyst derived from waste fish bones. HAPT is the key component of calcined catalysts, and this was confirmed using XRD analysis. The findings revealed that the transesterification activity was optimal when the catalyst was calcined at 900°C. Moreover, this produced a maximum yield of 89% fatty acid ethyl esters (FAMEs) when optimal reaction conditions were achieved (3-h reaction time, 9:1 ethanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst amount of 4.5 wt%). Additionally, the catalyst was found to be durable and reusable throughout the biodiesel production process. The confirmation of FAME production was achieved using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. This approach could facilitate the production of low-cost, environmentally friendly technology. Additionally, it was established that the characteristics of the biodiesel complied with ASTM D6571, an American fuel regulation. Green energy approaches can also be beneficial for the environment, which could ultimately improve societal and economic development for the biodiesel business on a larger scale.
A comparative study to solve fractional initial value problems in discrete domain
Authors: Abed Alaa Mohsin , Jafari Hossein , Mechee Mohammed Sahib 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this article, we used some methods to solve Riemann-type fractional difference equations. Firstly, we use a method that is a composite method based on the successive approximation method with the Sumudu transform. Secondly, we use a method that is a composite method that consists of the homotopic perturbation method with the Sumudu transform. It was found that the results obtained from these combined methods are identical when compared. We also provided theories and illustrative examples to support the research findings.
Chinese EFL learners’ basic psychological needs satisfaction and foreign language emotions: a person-centered approach
Authors: Feng Enhao , Zhao Xian , Wang Huiyu 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The importance of emotion in language learning is well recognized, but the significant contribution of basic psychological needs (BPNs) to emotion has been neglected. Moreover, prior studies have mainly used variable-centered approaches to investigate associations between emotions and their antecedents, which has uncovered only part of their relationships. Therefore, this study first set out to reveal the general levels, and gender differences of BPNs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and foreign language emotions (enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom), and the bivariate correlations between them among 948 Chinese university English foreign language learners. Using a person-centered approach (i.e., latent profile analysis), the present study further investigated the latent profiles of BPNs satisfaction and examined how emotions differ across these profiles. Results revealed middle to high levels of BPNs satisfaction, enjoyment, and anxiety, but a low level of boredom. Males reported higher levels of BPNs satisfaction, enjoyment, and lower anxiety than females. Four profiles of BPNs satisfaction were identified, namely average-satisfaction, below-average satisfaction, low-satisfaction, and high-satisfaction. The majority of students fell into the average-satisfaction profile. Students in the high-satisfaction had the most positive emotional outcomes, while those in the low-satisfaction reported the opposite pattern. Theoretical and pedagogical implications were then provided.
Toward a better understanding of student engagement with peer feedback: a longitudinal study
Authors: Qian Jinghua , Li Danli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
While the past two decades have witnessed enormous growth in research on student engagement with feedback on second language (L2) writing, little attention has been paid to student engagement with peer feedback longitudinally through peer feedback interaction. This study explored how 12 students engaged with peer feedback cognitively, behaviorally, and affectively over a semester of L2 writing and learning, and what factors influenced student engagement. Data were collected from peer feedback dialogue, multiple drafts of compositions, retrospective verbal reports, feedback notes, self-reflection, and focus groups. Data were analyzed through text analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that student engagement with peer feedback varied over four writing tutorials. Face-to-face peer feedback contributed to maintaining sustainable student engagement with peer feedback. Other learner-related factors such as learner beliefs, language proficiency, product-oriented mindset, and context-related factors such as task requirements, feedback-related issues, and interaction patterns jointly influenced student engagement.
Reducing latency in optical 6G waveforms using joint detection and channel estimation techniques
Authors: Gaur Nishant 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The pursuit of ultra-low latency is a pivotal goal in advancing the capabilities of optical non-orthogonal multiple access sixth generation (O-NOMA-6G) waveforms. This study explores the application of maximum likelihood (ML) and expectation-maximization (EM) techniques to mitigate latency in optical communication systems. ML offers direct parameter estimation for rapid symbol detection, while EM addresses latency through iterative estimation of hidden variables and parameters. By leveraging the benefits of both techniques, this research proposes novel latency reduction approaches in optical 6G. The investigation encompasses theoretical analysis, simulation, and performance evaluation under Rician and Rayleigh channel conditions for different parameters such as bit error rate (BER), power spectral density (PSD) and peak to average power density (PSD). Simulation results demonstrate that ML and EM effectively reduce latency, and enable seamless integration of time-sensitive applications in optical 6G networks as compared with the conventional ML and ML methods. The outcomes of this study provide valuable insights into throughput and PSD enhancement contributing to the realization of ultra-responsive and O-NOMA 6G waveform.
Ideal Theory and Real Politics: The Politics in Political Liberalism
Authors: Cheng Darren 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Realist thinkers in political philosophy often criticize ideal theorists for neglecting or eliminating the fact of politics in their work. This is supposed to be problematic because we should never expect to overcome politics. Any theory that attempts to do so is said to be unrealistic, naïve, and impractical. Although much has been said in the dispute between realists and ideal theorists in recent years, this particular line of criticism, which should be distinguished from other criticisms of ideal theory, has not been clearly or explicitly addressed by ideal theorists in the literature. I deal with this issue by examining the ideal theory of John Rawls, which has been a prominent target of realist criticisms. My aim is to see where politics exists, or might exist, in Rawls’s theory, and whether this politics satisfactorily answers to the various aspects of the realist’s critique. My analysis suggests that there may be no inherent or necessary conflict between ideal theory and real politics, after all.
Developing a Methodology for Hymnal Revision within a Contemporary, Multi-Ethnic Framework: A Proposal
Authors: Teixeira Coelho L. C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article addresses the topic of hymnal revision in the context of liturgical churches by proposing a methodology that takes into account both historical developments in the field of hymnology and recent concerns regarding the Liturgical Movement and theological considerations that have arisen in the last few decades. The text proposes, in practical terms, a methodology and a structure for developing and/or revising hymnals in the context of ecumenically minded, contemporary, liturgical churches.
Global organic acids production and their industrial applications
Authors: Ghai Mansha , Agnihotri Nivedita , Kumar Vikas , Agnihotri Rajesh , Kumar Amit , Sahu Komal 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Organic acids are key to the biological, physical, and chemical functions of the life. These acids naturally occur in animals, foods, and microorganisms. Their molecular configurations drive several physical characteristics imperative to well-being. Organic acids are applied in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cleaning and food industries. For decades, natural and chemical production of organic acids has thrived, however microbial fermentation has been considered environmentally sustainable approach. Various low-cost substrates are employed as substrate during microbial fermentation. The organic acids production from microbial origin account for the majority of the acids produced on a large industrial basis. Numerous organic acids from bacterial and fungal origin have significance and their biological production offers clear benefits as compared to chemical synthesis in terms of cost. The article illustrates a brief description of the various organic acids in a systematic way along with a survey on the relative production methods.
Studying the effects of siloxane poisoning on a SnO2 metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor in temperature cycled operation enabling self-monitoring and self-compensation
Authors: Schultealbert Caroline , Baur Tobias , Sauerwald Tilman , Schütze Andreas 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This work studies poisoning by the cyclic siloxane octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane on a commercially available semiconductor gas sensor in TCO (temperature cycled operation). The data is evaluated using the Sauerwald-Baur model and the DSR method (differential surface reduction). The sensitivity towards several gases (volatile organic compounds, hydrogen and carbon monoxide) is evaluated and compared with a sensor in constant temperature operation mode. The physical and chemical processes on the sensitive layer as well as the resulting selectivity towards hydrogen are discussed. A feature is identified that can be derived from the Sauerwald-Baur model (the differential surface oxidation, DSO) and that quantitatively expresses the sensor condition regarding siloxane poisoning. With the help of this feature, a self-compensation of the sensor signal is demonstrated.
Associations of Usual and Fast Gait Speed With Physical Performance and Balance Confidence in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Implications for Assessment
Authors: Tiernan Chad , Schwarz David J. , Goldberg Allon 
Published: October 2023

Background and Purpose:
Gait speed is a robust measure that offers many advantages clinically. However, decisions concerning its utilization exist, including whether to assess usual or fast gait speed. The current study aimed to identify whether usual or fast gait speed was more strongly associated with physical performance measures and balance confidence. A secondary aim was to explore these relationships within subgroups based on fall risk status.

Methods:
This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design involving 57 community-dwelling older adults (77.2% female; mean age = 68.8, SD = 6.5 years, range = 60-87 years) who were assessed on the following variables: usual and fast gait speed, knee extension strength, step execution time, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC-6). Spearman ρ correlations were computed to determine bivariate associations of usual and fast gait speed with physical performance measures and balance confidence for the whole sample and within subgroups based on fall risk [lower fall risk (n = 28) vs higher fall risk (n = 29)]. Multiple linear regression models were estimated with either usual or fast gait speed as key predictors of knee extension strength, step execution time, 6MWT, and ABC-6.

Results and Discussion:
Stronger correlations were observed for fast gait speed compared with usual gait speed with all physical performance measures and balance confidence for the entire sample and within the higher fall risk group. Multiple regression results indicated that models with fast rather than usual gait speed as the key predictor explained more of the variance in 6MWT (R
2 = 64.5% vs 45.6%), ABC-6 (R
2 = 28.5% vs 25.4%), step execution time (R
2 = 24.9% vs 19.0%), and knee extension strength (R
2 = 15.7% vs 7.2%).

Conclusions:
Fast gait speed showed stronger associations and better predictive capabilities compared with usual gait speed with physical performance measures and balance confidence in older adults. Despite being measured less often than usual gait speed, fast gait speed assessment warrants additional consideration.
Development Pathways for the Sport Scientist: A Process for the United States
Authors: Gleason Benjamin H. , Suchomel Timothy J. , Pyne David B. , Comfort Paul , McMahon Eric , Hornsby W. Guy , Lis Ryan P. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
A variety of sport organizations employ sport scientists (SSs) in a range of capacities to support team operations, whereas universities employ SSs in academic (teaching and research), consulting, and support roles. Despite the growth in professional opportunities in the United States over the last few decades, little discussion has occurred to identify best practices in developing SSs. Here, we identify several examples of professional development pathways used by overseas organizations that govern SS roles and highlight key features of existing U.S.-based sport support role pathways. This information can be used to develop, implement, and evaluate professional training of SSs, along with shaping SS training programs in the U.S.
Break‐induced RNA–DNA hybrids (BIRDHs) in homologous recombination: friend or foe?
Authors: Gómez‐González Belén , Aguilera Andrés 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDouble‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most harmful DNA lesions, with a strong impact on cell proliferation and genome integrity. Depending on cell cycle stage, DSBs are preferentially repaired by non‐homologous end joining or homologous recombination (HR). In recent years, numerous reports have revealed that DSBs enhance DNA–RNA hybrid formation around the break site. We call these hybrids “break‐induced RNA–DNA hybrids” (BIRDHs) to differentiate them from sporadic R‐loops consisting of DNA–RNA hybrids and a displaced single‐strand DNA occurring co‐transcriptionally in intact DNA. Here, we review and discuss the most relevant data about BIRDHs, with a focus on two main questions raised: (i) whether BIRDHs form by de novo transcription after a DSB or by a pre‐existing nascent RNA in DNA regions undergoing transcription and (ii) whether they have a positive role in HR or are just obstacles to HR accidentally generated as an intrinsic risk of transcription. We aim to provide a comprehensive view of the exciting and yet unresolved questions about the source and impact of BIRDHs in the cell.
NRF3 suppresses squamous carcinogenesis, involving the unfolded protein response regulator HSPA5
Authors: Gurri Selina , Siegenthaler Beat , Cangkrama Michael , Restivo Gaetana , Huber Marcel , Saliba James , Dummer Reinhard , Blank Volker , Hohl Daniel , Werner Sabine 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEpithelial skin cancers are extremely common, but the mechanisms underlying their malignant progression are still poorly defined. Here, we identify the NRF3 transcription factor as a tumor suppressor in the skin. NRF3 protein expression is strongly downregulated or even absent in invasively growing cancer cells of patients with basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC and SCC). NRF3 deficiency promoted malignant conversion of chemically induced skin tumors in immunocompetent mice, clonogenic growth and migration of human SCC cells, their invasiveness in 3D cultures, and xenograft tumor formation. Mechanistically, the tumor‐suppressive effect of NRF3 involves HSPA5, a key regulator of the unfolded protein response, which we identified as a potential NRF3 interactor. HSPA5 levels increased in the absence of NRF3, thereby promoting cancer cell survival and migration. Pharmacological inhibition or knock‐down of HSPA5 rescued the malignant features of NRF3‐deficient SCC cells in vitro and in preclinical mouse models. Together with the strong expression of HSPA5 in NRF3‐deficient cancer cells of SCC patients, these results suggest HSPA5 inhibition as a treatment strategy for these malignancies in stratified cancer patients.
Severe Cushing’s syndrome from an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting neuroendocrine tumour treated by osilodrostat
Authors: Hána Václav , Brutvan Tomáš , Krausová Adéla , Kršek Michal , Hána Václav 
Published: October 2023

Summary
Severe Cushing’s syndrome from an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumour is rare but often demands rapid diagnostics and treatment of hypercortisolism with its comorbidities. Pharmacotherapy of hypercortisolism by ketoconazole, metyrapone and osilodrostat is currently available. If unsuccessful or insufficient a bilateral adrenalectomy is an option. We present a 28-year-old female with severe Cushing’s syndrome caused by a bronchial metastatic neuroendocrine tumour (NET). Hypercortisolism was efficiently treated by osilodrostat with block–replace and then titration regimen. A once-daily dose was finally used with normalised cortisol levels. Androgen levels measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were slightly elevated during the treatment but without any symptoms. A simple once-daily use of osilodrostat with titration regimen led to normalised cortisol levels in a severe Cushing’s syndrome patient with an uncurable bronchial NET. Transient hypocortisolism during treatment appeared but was easily treated by hydrocortisone.

Learning points

Cushing’s syndrome from an ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone-producing tumour is rare.

Cortisol upregulation is often severe and rapid, though clinical signs are not always fully pronounced.

Rapid treatment is a key for preventing and reducing complications such as fractures, thromboembolism, bleeding, hyperglycaemia, and arterial hypertension.

The novel potent steroidogenesis inhibitor osilodrostat can be used as first-line treatment for reducing hypercortisolism.
“Głuszec”, “Pieun”, “Śpiewak” – the Names of the Game Bird Perpetuated in the Novels of Józef Weyssenhoff
Authors: Płusa Magdalena 
Published: October 2023

This article focuses on the names of the game bird (capercaillie) as recorded in two literary works by Józef Weyssenhoff, namely Puszcza and Soból i panna. These novels provide research material regarding the terms used to refer to the wild bird, namely głuszec, pieun, śpiewak. The names, supported by examples from the mentioned texts, were examined in terms of their documentation (formal and semantic), in various sources, such as dictionaries, regionally-derived lexical elements, collections of hunting vocabulary, nature studies and literature. The findings show that the author used not only the wildly known name (głuszec) but also confirmed the presence in the hunting terminology (pieun, śpiewak) with very scant documentation (sometimes only from Weyssenhoff).
Pediatric COVID-19 Vaccination in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Rush Margaret , Hyman Cleopatra , Yonts Alexandra , Szeles Rosemary , Boogaard Claire 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The inpatient setting is often underutilized as a venue for providing pediatric vaccines. During the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, our hospital began a vaccination program to provide access to COVID-19 vaccines for eligible pediatric inpatients. Our objective was to describe the establishment and assess the impact of a COVID-19 vaccination program for pediatric inpatients.

METHODS
All admitted patients were screened for eligibility and interest in inpatient COVID-19 vaccination upon admission from April 27, 2021 until February 12, 2022. For those eligible for vaccination, their interest was recorded and shared with the clinical team. The clinical team completed education and/or vaccination depending on individual case. Interest in inpatient vaccination and ultimate receipt of a vaccine was recorded and analyzed.

RESULTS
During the study period, 1615 patients were eligible for inpatient vaccination and 1601 had their interest recorded on hospital admission. Twenty-one percent of these patients were interested, 50% declined, and 28% were unsure. Twenty-nine percent of those initially interested were given vaccine by the clinical team before discharge. Six percent of patients who were unsure and 2% of those who declined vaccine on admission were vaccinated before discharge.

CONCLUSIONS
The inpatient setting can be an important venue to allow for education and discussion regarding pediatric COVID-19 vaccine and to improve access to vaccination for a traditionally under-vaccinated population. Challenges remain with consistent vaccine administration even for interested pediatric inpatients.