bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capacitor voltage self‐balancing using active DC‐link technique for a single‐phase, five‐level neutral point clamped inverter
Authors: Alsolami Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe article proposes a new DC‐link voltage balancing method for a single‐phase, five‐level DC/AC neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter. Nowadays, the NPC converter is a suitable solution for various applications; however, the unequal voltage of the DC‐link capacitors is a significant disadvantage of this topology. In this paper, a simple auxiliary unit is inserted in the DC‐link to enable a self‐balancing capacitor voltage. The auxiliary circuit is composed of two capacitors and four active switching devices. The idea of the proposed method is to construct an active DC‐link bus; thus, the two DC‐link capacitors can be connected in series during the charging process and in parallel during the discharging process. As a result, its capacitance and root mean square (RMS) current are greatly reduced. Unlike other auxiliary circuits, the new method requires no additional storage elements or complex control systems. The operating principle and switching schemes are analyzed. The effectiveness of the introduced method is evaluated experimentally using the balancing circuits under different load conditions and different value of modulation indices.
Toward functional profiling for eDNA‐based monitoring in coastal environments: A comparison of three approaches
Authors: Abad‐Recio Ion L. , Alonso‐Sáez Laura , Lanzén Anders 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCoastal environments, crucial and intricate ecosystems, face threats from human activities like pollution, eutrophication, and climate change. Monitoring microbial communities can aid in understanding the state of these habitats. Environmental DNA (eDNA) techniques provide efficient and comprehensive monitoring by capturing broader diversity. Besides structural profiling, eDNA methods allow the study of functional profiles, encompassing the genes within the microbial community. In this study, three methodologies were compared for functional profiling of microbial communities in estuarine and coastal sites in the Bay of Biscay. The methodologies included inference from 16S metabarcoding data using Tax4Fun, GeoChip microarrays, and shotgun metagenomics. Results revealed significant functional diversity across all sampling sites, irrespective of their environmental status. Most predicted KEGG Orthologs (KOs) showed consistency between metagenomics and Tax4Fun datasets, with correlated abundances. However, abundances derived from GeoChip did not correlate with either dataset. When comparing estuaries based on environmental status, Tax4Fun and metagenomics identified over 24% of KOs with significantly different abundances. KOs overrepresented in estuaries with a poor ecological status displayed an abundance of pathways associated with anaerobic metabolism, such as methanogenesis.
Synthesis and physical investigation of Al doped La2O3 thin films for wettability applications
Authors: Jbeli Rabia , Dabaki Youssef , Ahmed Nazar Elamin , Zaied I. , Askri Basma , Saadallah Faycel , Amlouk Mosbah 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn this work, aluminum doped La2O3 thin films deposited by the spray pyrolysis technique, are investigated by many characterization techniques. First, XRD spectra reveal the presence of two phases. A dominant cubic phase is obtained for pure La2O3 with (220) preferential orientation. The second hexagonal phase with (004) orientation is present in all doped samples. It is found that Al doping induces a perovskite crystalline structure identified as lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3). Second, FTIR spectra include the main peaks of La‐O bonds related to La2O3 structure. Photoluminescence (PL) shows a good enhancement by Al doping related to LaAlO3 nanoparticles. Finally, the surface wettability measurements corroborate the hydrophobic character of all doped samples.
Waste peanut shells derived activated carbon for dual electrochemical applications
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Singh Diksha , Singh Abhimanyu , Srivastava Monika , Kumar Sandeep , Singh Ritu , Yadav Tarun , Alheety Mustafa A. , Singh Pramod K. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent scenarios, plenty of research has been conducted on porous activated carbon derived from biowaste precursors. The well‐developed surface area and porous nature of biowaste‐derived activated carbon material make them good candidates for electrochemical devices to use as electrode material. In the present work, we have used waste peanut shells (W.P.) as a precursor material to derive large surface area activated carbon. Chemical activation is used to activate the activated carbon, for which ZnCl2 is used as an activating agent. The waste peanut shell‐derived activated carbon (WPAC) is studied via XRD, FESEM, and BET. Prepared carbon shows a large BET surface area of 1366 m2 g−1 and a well‐developed pore structure; the presence of pores is also confirmed by FESEM images. A solid‐state supercapacitor is also fabricated using waste peanut shell‐based activated carbon and ionic liquid‐based polymer electrolyte. The EDLC is further studied using electrochemical characterizations such as CV, EIS, and GCD. The EIS study found that the WPAC‐based EDLC cell shows a specific capacitance of 25 F/g at 10 mHz. A DSSC is also fabricated using the WPAC on the counter electrode, and it shows an efficiency of 0.96% with a fill factor of 27.79.
Pedicled flaps reconstruction of hypopharynx and laryngeal defects: Successful preservation of laryngeal function in patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Li Leyu , Fan Lixiao , Jiang Zheng , Yang Xin , Wang Dejuan , Chen Fei , Gu Deying , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPreserving laryngeal function and reconstructing the hypopharynx in advanced hypopharyngeal cancer pose significant challenges for head and neck surgeons.MethodsA 48‐year‐old male patient was diagnosed with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer originating from the left pyriform sinus. The tumor extended into the hypopharynx, left vocal cord, ventricular fold, partial aryepiglottic fold, and a segment of the cervical esophagus. A curative tumor resection was performed, and a well‐thought‐out strategy was employed for hypopharyngeal repair and laryngeal reconstruction.ResultsFollowing the surgery, the patient demonstrated exceptional flap survival, and the tracheostomy tube was removed at the 6‐month mark. No surgery‐related complications were observed, and both swallowing and vocal functions exhibited a robust recovery.ConclusionOur reconstruction strategy proves effective in preserving laryngeal function among patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer.
Perforator‐based chimeric ulnar forearm microvascular free tissue transfer reconstruction of post‐radiated tracheoesophageal puncture fistulae
Authors: Wang Ray , Manon Victoria , Huang Andrew T. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) performed during total laryngectomy in the primary treatment of laryngeal cancer is the standard method for voice restoration. Following adjuvant radiotherapy, the TEP site can experience complications resulting in a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with chronic leakage making oral alimentation unsafe due to aspiration. Here, we describe a technique using chimeric ulnar artery perforator forearm free flaps (UAPFF) in the reconstruction of these complex deformities. Four patients underwent chimeric UAPFF reconstruction of TEP site TEFs following primary TL with TEP and adjuvant radiotherapy. No flap failures or surgical complications occurred. Average time from end of radiotherapy to persistent TEF was 66 months (range 4–190 months). All patients had resolution in their TEF with average time to total oral diet achievement of 22 days (14–42 days). Chimeric UAPFF reconstruction is a safe and effective method to reconstruct recalcitrant TEP site TEFs.
High pretreatment disease burden as a risk factor for infectious complications following CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: O'Reilly Maeve A. , Neill Lorna , Collin Simon M. , Stone Neil , Springell Deborah , Mensah Jeremy , Cheok Kathleen P. L. , Jalowiec Katarzyna , Benjamin Reuben , Kuhnl Andrea , Roddie Claire , Sanderson Robin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInfection has emerged as the chief cause of non‐relapse mortality (NRM) post CD19‐targeting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy (CAR‐T) therapy. Even though up to 50% of patients may remain infection‐free, many suffer multiple severe, life‐threatening, or fatal infectious events. The primary aim of this study was to explore severe and life‐threatening infections post licensed CAR‐T therapy in large B‐cell lymphoma, with a focus on the role of disease burden and disease sites in assessing individual risk. We sought to understand the cohort of patients who experience ≥2 infections and those at the highest risk of infectious NRM. Our analysis identifies a higher disease burden after bridging therapy as associated with infection events. Those developing ≥2 infections emerged as a uniquely high‐risk cohort, particularly if the second (or beyond) infection occurred during an episode of immune effector cell‐associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) or while on steroids and/or anakinra for ICANS. Herein, we also describe the first reported cases of “CAR‐T cold sepsis,” a phenomenon characterized by the lack of an appreciable systemic inflammatory response at the time of detection of infection. We propose a risk‐based strategy to encourage heightened clinician awareness of cold sepsis, with a view to reducing NRM.
Sizing and mending of appendicular muscle mass for hydration during the 12‐lead electrocardiogram: True incidence of sarcopenia in heart failure
Authors: Skrabal Falko , Heymsfield Steven B. , Skrabal Katharina , Weber Thomas , Fruhwald Friedrich , Windhaber Jana , Mady Samy 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to develop and evaluate a method for the measurement of muscle mass during the 12‐channel electrocardiogram (ECG), to determine the incidence of sarcopenia in patients with overhydration and to correct it for congestion.MethodsA 12‐channel ECG that simultaneously provided multifrequency segmental impedance data was used to measure total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), ECW/TBW ratio and appendicular muscle mass (AppMM), validated by whole‐body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. The mean ECW/TBW ratio was 0.24 ± 0.018 (SD) and 0.25 ± 0.016 for young (age range 20–25 years) healthy males (n = 77) and females (n = 88), respectively. The deviation of the ECW/TBW ratio from this mean was used to correct AppMM for excess ECW (‘dry AppMM’) in 869 healthy controls and in 765 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association classes II–IV. The association of AppMM and dry AppMM with grip strength was also examined in 443 controls and patients.ResultsWith increasing N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), a continuous decline of AppMM indices is observed, which is more pronounced for dry AppMM indices (for males with NT‐proBNP < 125 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 8.4 ± 1.05, AppMM index dry mean = 8.0 ± 1.46 [n = 201, P < 0.001]; for females with NT‐proBNP < 150 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 6.4 ± 1.0, AppMM index dry mean = 5.8 ± 1.18 [n = 198, P < 0.001]; for males with NT‐proBNP > 1000 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 7.6 ± 0.98, AppMM index dry mean = 6.2 ± 1.11 [n = 137, P < 0.001]; and for females with NT‐proBNP > 1000 pg/mL: AppMM index mean = 5.9 ± 0.96, AppMM index dry mean = 4.8 ± 0.94 [n = 109, P < 0.001]). The correlation between AppMM and upper‐body AppMM and grip strength (r‐value) increased from 0.79 to 0.83 (P < 0.001) and from 0.80 to 0.84 (P < 0.001), respectively, after correction (n = 443). The decline of AppMM with age after correction for ECW is much steeper than appreciated, especially in males: In patients with CHF and sarcopenia, the incidence of sarcopenia may be up to 30% higher after correction for ECW excess according to the European (62% vs. 57%, for males, and 43% vs. 31%, for females) and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) (56% vs. 46%, for males, and 54% vs. 38%, for females) consensus guidelines.ConclusionsThe incidence of sarcopenia in CHF as defined by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia and FNIH consensus may be up to 30% higher after correction for ECW excess. This correction improves the correlation between muscle mass and strength. The presented technology will facilitate, on a large scale, screening for sarcopenia, help identify mechanisms and improve understanding of clinical outcomes.
The role of multi‐stakeholder initiatives in advancing circularity and social sustainability in the textiles sector of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Arif Mostafa , van Dijk Meine Pieter 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe global north is garnering multi‐stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) for circular textiles. Past MSIs however have yielded less‐than‐satisfactory social sustainability outcomes in Bangladesh. So this article asks, what impact has textiles MSIs have had on the sustainability transformation of the textiles chain in Bangladesh? And how can policymakers accelerate this transition to a circular economy? Fieldwork finds circularity issues are advancing at different rates because the industry transformation is suffering from lack of attention, motivation, knowledge, relationships, and resources at the micro‐level, and a lack of strategic alignment, structural flexibility, and routine rigidity, between MSI stakeholders, at the meso and macro levels. The article then discusses the role of MSIs in restructuring the global textiles industry and offers a five‐pronged approach to accelerate the transition to a circular economy.
Curious and Persistent, but not Consistent: Self‐regulation Traits and Creativity
Authors: Lin Shengjie , Ivcevic Zorana , Kashdan Todd B. , Kaufman Scott Barry 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study examines two self‐regulation traits, grit and curiosity, in predicting creative achievement in an adult sample (N = 522). Grit has been related to achievement in various domains, and although prior empirical work failed to find associations with everyday creative activities in adolescent and young adult samples, theoretically it is relevant to long‐term creative achievement (which requires persistence). Curiosity supports creative achievement through positive judgments of novelty and an intrinsic motivation to approach instead of avoid uncertainty, and both novelty and uncertainty are central to the creative process. Results showed that the perseverance dimension of grit positively predicted creative achievement, whereas the consistency of interests dimension was negatively related to creative achievement. Additionally, five curiosity dimensions predicted creative achievement above grit. In particular, thrill seeking predicted creative achievement in both art and science; deprivation sensitivity positively predicted creative achievement in art. Our research suggests that, instead of a narrow focus on consistency of interest, creative achievement benefits from curiosity.
NSAID use in orthopedic surgery: A review of current evidence and clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Ryan Patrick M. , Scherry Haydn , Pierson Ryan , Wilson Charlie Dee , Probe Robert A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a valuable class of medications for orthopedic surgeons and often play a pivotal role in pain control. However, there are many common stipulations resulting in avoidance of its use in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of NSAIDs as well as provides an overview of commonly used NSAIDs and the differences between them. It provides a concise summary on the osseous effects of NSAIDs with regard to bone healing and heterotopic ossification. Most of all, it serves as a guide or reference for orthopedic providers when counseling patients on the risks and benefits of NSAID use, as it addresses the common stipulations encountered: “It irritates my stomach,” “I have a history of bariatric surgery,” “I'm already on a blood thinner,” “I've had a heart attack,” and “I've got kidney problems” and synthesizes both current research and society recommendations regarding safe use and avoidance of NSAIDs.
P‐hacking in meta‐analyses: A formalization and new meta‐analytic methods
Authors: Mathur Maya B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs traditionally conceived, publication bias arises from selection operating on a collection of individually unbiased estimates. A canonical form of such selection across studies (SAS) is the preferential publication of affirmative studies (i.e., those with significant, positive estimates) versus nonaffirmative studies (i.e., those with nonsignificant or negative estimates). However, meta‐analyses can also be compromised by selection within studies (SWS), in which investigators “p‐hack” results within their study to obtain an affirmative estimate. Published estimates can then be biased even conditional on affirmative status, which comprises the performance of existing methods that only consider SAS. We propose two new analysis methods that accommodate joint SAS and SWS; both analyze only the published nonaffirmative estimates. First, we propose estimating the underlying meta‐analytic mean by fitting “right‐truncated meta‐analysis” (RTMA) to the published nonaffirmative estimates. This method essentially imputes the entire underlying distribution of population effects. Second, we propose conducting a standard meta‐analysis of only the nonaffirmative studies (MAN); this estimate is conservative (negatively biased) under weakened assumptions. We provide an R package (phacking) and website (metabias.io). Our proposed methods supplement existing methods by assessing the robustness of meta‐analyses to joint SAS and SWS.
Developmental morphogens direct human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an annulus fibrosus‐like cell phenotype
Authors: Peredo Ana P. , Tsinman Tonia K. , Bonnevie Edward D. , Jiang Xi , Smith Harvey E. , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Mauck Robert L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionTherapeutic interventions for intervertebral disc herniation remain scarce due to the inability of endogenous annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to respond to injury and drive tissue regeneration. Unlike other orthopedic tissues, such as cartilage, delivery of exogenous cells to the site of annular injury remains underdeveloped, largely due to a lack of an ideal cell source and the invasive nature of cell isolation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated to specific cell fates using biochemical factors and are, therefore, an invaluable tool for cell therapy approaches. While differentiation protocols have been developed for cartilage and fibrous connective tissues (e.g., tendon), the signals that regulate the induction and differentiation of human iPSCs toward the AF fate remain unknown.MethodsiPSC‐derived sclerotome cells were treated with various combinations of developmental signals including transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF‐β3), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF‐BB), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), or the Hedgehog pathway activator, Purmorphamine, and gene expression changes in major AF‐associated ECM genes were assessed. The top performing combination treatments were further validated by using three distinct iPSC lines and by assessing the production of upregulated ECM proteins of interest. To conduct a broader analysis of the transcriptomic shifts elicited by each factor combination, and to compare genetic profiles of treated cells to mature human AF cells, a 96.96 Fluidigm gene expression array was applied, and principal component analysis was employed to identify the transcriptional signatures of each cell population and treatment group in comparison to native AF cells.ResultsTGF‐β3, in combination with PDGF‐BB, CTGF, or IGF‐1, induced an upregulation of key AF ECM genes in iPSC‐derived sclerotome cells. In particular, treatment with a combination of TGF‐β3 with PDGF‐BB for 14 days significantly increased gene expression of collagen II and aggrecan and increased protein deposition of collagen I and elastin compared to other treatment groups. Assessment of genes uniquely highly expressed by AF cells or SCL cells, respectively, revealed a shift toward the genetic profile of AF cells with the addition of TGF‐β3 and PDGF‐BB for 14 days.DiscussionThese findings represent an initial approach to guide human induced pluripotent stem cells toward an AF‐like fate for cellular delivery strategies.
Expanding and invading plant species in sagebrush steppe affect multiple aspects of small‐mammal ecology
Authors: Young Aaron C. , Johnson Tracey N. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInvasion and expansion of non‐native and native plants have altered vegetation structure in many terrestrial ecosystems. Small mammals influence multiple ecosystem processes through their roles as ecosystem engineers, predators, and prey, and changes to vegetation structure can affect habitat use, community composition, and predator‐prey interactions for this assemblage of wildlife. In the sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) shrublands of the western United States, invasion by non‐native grasses and expansion of native conifer trees beyond their historical range has altered vegetation structure. These changes may potentially affect distributions and interactions of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), which are generalist omnivores, and Columbia Plateau pocket mice (Perognathus parvus), more specialized granivores. To assess the extent to which altered habitat affects small‐mammal density, survival, and home‐range size, we examined these aspects of small‐mammal ecology along a gradient of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion and western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) establishment in sagebrush shrublands in southwestern Idaho, USA. From 2017–2019, we used a spatially explicit mark‐recapture design to examine attributes of small‐mammal ecology along an invasion gradient. We did not find support for an effect of cheatgrass cover on density or survival of either species. Home‐range size of deer mice was 2.3 times smaller in heavier cheatgrass cover (60%) compared to areas with little or no cheatgrass cover. Density of deer mice was highest (5 individuals/ha) in areas with 10% juniper cover and decreased with increasing juniper cover, whereas density of pocket mice was positively influenced by shrub cover. Survival of deer mice declined as juniper stem density increased. Conversely, survival of pocket mice increased with increasing juniper stem density. We found evidence for interspecific interactions between these 2 species, in the form of a density‐dependent effect of deer mice on pocket mouse home‐range size. Home‐range size for pocket mice was 2 times smaller in areas with the highest estimated density of deer mice compared to areas with low densities of deer mice. Our data provides unique information about how small mammals in the sagebrush steppe are affected by expanding and invasive plant species and potential ways that habitat restoration efforts, in the form of conifer removal, may influence small mammals. Understanding the response of small mammals to conifer expansion or removal may shed light on the demographic and numerical responses of other wildlife associated with the sagebrush biome, including predators.