bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head following pregnancy
Authors: Suryadevara Manasa , Mishra Gaurav , Parihar P.H. , Shelar Dr. Sheetal , Nagendra Vadlamudi 
Published: October 2023

Background: Hip pain during pregnancy is very common, but avascular necrosis (AVN) represents a very rare entity. Osteonecrosis of the head of the femur during the pregnancy, or shortly after the pregnancy, is a rare clinical problem. Little is known about pregnancy as an etiological factor for AVN of the femoral head. Case: In this case report, a documented case of femoral head osteonecrosis, a rare complication after pregnancy is presented. The patient presented with complaints of pain in the left hip that gradually worsened and led to restriction of movement. The patient was advised an X-ray, which showed a fracture of neck of the left femur, and an MRI following the X-ray revealed features of AVN of the hip. The patient was later taken for total hip arthroplasty, which was uneventful. On follow-up, the patient had relief from her symptoms and had no complications. Alcoholism, steroid use, systemic lupus erythematosus, organ transplantation (particularly following kidney or bone marrow transplantation), dyslipidemia (particularly hypertriglyceridemia), Gaucher disease, decompression sickness, and drepanocytosis are known risk factors for osteonecrosis. We can list pro-coagulation abnormalities, chemotherapy, and HIV among the less established factors. Here, we present a case of a patient with postpartum AVN of the femoral head that suffered AVN of the left hip in the post-partum period, her symptom of hip pain was neglected as a benign cause initially, which led to aggressive treatment (total hip arthroplasty) at a young age. Conclusions: Having high suspicion of the diagnosis of AVN and a low threshold for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging in a pregnant woman with hip pain is a requirement to avoid complications. This case highlights the need for high suspicion of osteonecrosis as a cause of hip pain in the post-partum period.
Metastasis to the stomach: a systematic review
Authors: Ibrahimli Arturan , Aliyev Altay , Majidli Aykhan , Kahraman Aysegul , Galandarova Aysuna , Khalilzade Emil , Mammadli Heydar , Huseynli Kamran , Assaf Karam , Kilinc Cagatay , Muradov Nijat , Alisan Omer F. , Abdullayev Sabir , Sahin Yeliz I. , Samadov Elgun 
Published: October 2023

Background: This study reviews the literature on gastric metastases (GM) in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. The goal of this study was to provide clinicians with a reliable and beneficial source to understand gastric metastases arising from various primary tumors and to present the growing literature in an easily accessible form. Methods: Articles published in English language from implementation of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases until May 2022 were considered for the systematic review. Articles other than English language, letters to the editor, posters, and clinical images were excluded. Hematogenous and lymphogenic metastases were included whereas direct tumoral invasion and seeding were excluded. Articles and abstracts were analyzed and last selection was done after cross-referencing and by use of defined eligibility criteria. Results: In total 1,521 publications were identified and 170 articles were finally included totaling 186 patients with GM. The median age of patients was 62 years. Gynecologic cancer was the most common cancer type causing GM (67 patients), followed by lung cancer (33 patients), renal cancer (20 patients), and melanoma (19 patients). One of the main treatment methods performed for metastasis was resection surgery (n=62), sometimes combined with chemotherapy (ChT) or immunotherapy. ChT was the other most used treatment method (n=78). Also, immunotherapy was amongst the most preferred treatment options after surgery and ChT (n=10). Conclusions: As 172 case reports were screened in the systematic review from different journals, heterogeneity was inevitable. Some articles missed important information such as complete follow-up or clinical information. Moreover, since all of the included articles were case reports quality assessment could not be performed. Among 172 case reports reviewed, resection surgery was performed the most and was sometimes combined with ChT and immunotherapy. Further research about what type of treatment has the best outcomes for patients with gastric metastases is needed.
The Effect of Language on Income Smoothing: Cross-Country Evidence
Authors: Cao Wenjiao , Myers Linda A. , Zhang Zhifang 
Published: October 2023

We examine whether and how the time-oriented tendency embedded in languages influences income smoothing. Separating languages into weak- versus strong-future time reference (FTR) groups, we find that firms in weak-FTR countries tend to smooth earnings more. We also find that relationships with major stakeholders (i.e., debtholders, suppliers, and employees) amplify the effect of the FTR of languages on income smoothing. Additional analyses suggest that income smoothing driven by the FTR of languages enhances earnings informativeness. These findings provide new insights on the role that language plays in financial reporting decisions and on how relationships with major stakeholders influence the relation between an important feature of language and corporate income smoothing behavior. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting. Funding: L. A. Myers acknowledges financial support from the University of Tennessee [the Haslam Chair of Business and the Haslam Family Faculty Research Fellowship]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01753 .
How Do Performance Goals Influence Exploration-Exploitation Choices?
Authors: Raveendran Marlo , Srikanth Kannan , Ungureanu Tiberiu , Zheng George L. 
Published: October 2023

Employees in organizations are frequently subject to performance goals such as sales or publication targets. However, often employees do not know what actions will allow them to meet these goals. To perform such tasks effectively, employees need to explore to quickly learn from experience which among the available alternatives offers the higher reward potential, so that they can concentrate subsequent efforts on exploiting it. Prior work models such explore-exploit problems as an adaptive learning process, where employees sequentially sample various options and learn from feedback. However, we currently do not know how performance goals influence this adaptive learning process. We argue that performance goals influence the adaptive learning process by modifying how feedback is perceived. Individuals subject to challenging goals are more likely to interpret feedback from poor alternatives as failures. Therefore, they quickly develop high belief strength that the inferior alternative is worse than the superior alternative, enabling them to reduce “useless exploration,” but also making them slow to adapt to environmental shocks. We test our predictions in a series of laboratory experiments and find that decision makers subject to challenging goals exploit more (relative to those with moderate goals). We also show that such an exploitation focus, while beneficial in stable environments, is detrimental in unstable ones. Our finding that challenging performance goals improve performance in learning tasks stands in contrast to prior findings that such goals inhibit performance in search tasks, an insight that warrants further study to improve our understanding of goal setting in the knowledge economy. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory. Funding: K. Srikanth was supported by SMU Seed Funding Grant for the initial version of this paper. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.13311 .
Promjene u stanju uhranjenosti, navikama tjelesne aktivnosti i prehrani djece u osnovnoj školi tijekom epidemije COVID-19
Authors: Pavičić Žeželj Sandra , Dragaš Zubalj Nataša , Tomić Linšak Dijana , Kenđel Jovanović Gordana , Posedel Matea 
Published: October 2023

Aim: The COVID -19 pandemic has changed the way people live, and children are particularly at risk because of their vulnerable age. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes in nutritional status, physical activity, and eating habits of elementary school-aged children during the Covid 19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted from February to April 2021 and included 197 primary school children, 100 boys, and 97 girls. A questionnaire was used to collect data on lifestyle, eating habits, and physical activity outside school. The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents was used to determine membership in the Mediterranean diet. The kinanthropological and anthropological data of the students were obtained from the diary of the physical education and health teacher. Results: The average rating of the quality of the children's diet, as determined by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents, showed a moderate affiliation with the Mediterranean diet. Before online instruction, 65.9% of students ate breakfast daily, whereas during online instruction, 75.7% ate breakfast (p< 0.001). Results showed that students exercised statistically significantly more before online instruction than during online instruction (p< 0.05). Students had weaker kinanthropological scores than before beginning online instruction. Conclusions: According to the results, students' diet is of average quality, and some habits, such as breakfast, have improved, while physical activities have decreased significantly during the pandemic. Therefore, the promotion of proper nutrition and physical activity through public health programs should be emphasized to educate both children and parents about the importance of proper nutrition, physical activity, and responsible use of various media.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding, an unusual presentation of Rapunzel syndrome
Authors: TORRES-SALINAS CARLOS HUGO , Anccasi-Hermoza David 
Published: October 2023

Gastrointestinal bezoars in the pediatric age group have an unusual presentation, and their clinical manifestation is mainly associated with obstructive conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, and are generally made up of hair and food debris. In a smaller number, it has been seen that from its usual location, which is the stomach, bezoar structures could extend into the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and even colon, giving the appearance of a "Rapunzel tail". We present the case of a 7-year-old girl with an atypical initial presentation of Rapunzel syndrome, secondary to a trichobezoar. The patient did not have previous psychiatric history, nor reports of any disturbance at school. She was admitted to the emergency room due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding and required a subsequent transfusion of blood products. During her hospitalization, an upper digestive endoscopy was performed, with the diagnosis of Rapunzel syndrome, in addition to the presence of two Forrest II-C, III gastric ulcers and severe erythematous gastritis in the region of the antrum and body. Medical treatment was started without success, for which the bezoar had to be surgically removed. Therefore, we want to point out the importance of deepening certain aspects such as the medical history and background in this type of patient, since it is a disorder linked to behavioral and mood alterations; likewise, remember the less frequent clinical symptoms such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but which in turn can be lethal if we don't act promptly. In the same way, the comprehensive approach with the support of the family and the intervention of psychology and/or psychiatry is vital to prevent recurrences.
Fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity in multiple sclerosis: The role of childhood stress
Authors: Polick Carri S. , Ploutz-Snyder Robert , Braley Tiffany J. , Connell Cathleen M. , Stoddard Sarah A. 
Published: October 2023

Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that affects nearly one million Americans. Despite the existence of immunomodulatory therapies to slow physical and cognitive disability progression, interventions to ameliorate common symptoms of MS, including fatigue and pain, remain limited. Poor understanding of risk factors for these symptoms may contribute to treatment challenges. In recent years, childhood stress has been investigated as a risk factor for chronic autoimmune conditions including MS; yet remarkably few studies have investigated the relationship between childhood stressors and chronic MS symptoms. Our aim was to examine clusters of stressors and three key features of MS: fatigue, pain interference, and psychiatric morbidity.

Methods
Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of People with MS (PwMS) via a national web-based survey that assessed the presence and type of childhood stressors and MS clinical features. Hierarchical block regression was used to assess associations among emotional, physical, and environmental childhood stressors and three clinical features commonly experienced by PwMS.

Results
N = 719 adults with MS (aged 21–85) completed the survey. Childhood emotional and physical stressors were significantly associated with overall presence of fatigue (p = 0.02; p<0.03) and pain interference (p<0.001; p<0.001) in adulthood, as well as the magnitude of both outcomes. Environmental stressors (p<0.001), in addition to emotional (p<0.001) and physical (p<0.001) stressors were significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity in PwMS.

Conclusion
Childhood stress may predict fatigue, psychiatric morbidity, and pain in adults with MS. Further research is needed to show cause and effect; however, if an association exists, strategies to mitigate the impact of childhood stress could offer new pathways to reduce the severity of these symptoms. Broadly, this work adds to the body of evidence supporting upstream preventive measures to help address the stress on children and families.
Law Commission and section 69 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
Authors: Christie James 
Published: October 2023

In 2000 section 69 of the Police and Criminal Act 1984 was repealed. The result was that a common law presumption came into effect that computer evidence was considered reliable unless there was evidence to the contrary. The Law Commission had recommended repeal of section 69 without any replacement. This article demonstrates that the Law Commission either misunderstood, or misrepresented, the sources it cited to justify its recommendation that computer evidence should be considered reliable. Two of the three main experts whose work was cited have confirmed that they were misrepresented. The recommendation and the resulting presumption therefore lack any factual or evidential basis.
Index words: Law Commission; England & Wales; Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984; section 69; repeal; presumption computers are reliable; misunderstood; misrepresented
Independent Review, Miscarriages of Justice, and Computer Evidence
Authors: Moorhead Richard , Nokes Karen , Helm Rebecca 
Published: October 2023

Brian Altman KC reviewed unreliable expert evidence on the Horizon software system. The Post Office denied, including to Parliament, that there was any evidence of miscarriages of justice revealed before the Court of Appeal in 2021. In his review, Brian Altman KC indicated the prosecutions was fundamentally sound; this paper looks at the quality of the judgments arrived at to come to that conclusion.
Index words: Altman General review; Post Office Limited; Horizon IT system; unreliable evidence; Clarke Advice; Swift Review; Bates litigation; Hamilton appeals
Probiotic management and inflammatory factors as a novel treatment in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xia Qinglan , Lei Yumeng , Wang Jiadun , Wang Qiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The interaction between intestinal microecological dysregulation, altered inflammatory factors, and cirrhosis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the results of previous studies to assess the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of cirrhosis and their effect on inflammatory factors, as well as to explore the relationship between gut microecological dysregulation and liver disease to gain a deeper understanding of this interaction. Up to December 2022, eligible studies were identified by searching the following databases: National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical analysis was performed using software RevMan Version 5.4. A total of 33 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in the study, and data on probiotic strains, duration of intervention, measures in the control group, and outcomes were extracted and evaluated. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significant improvements in overall efficacy. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that probiotic use significantly decreased biochemical parameters for liver function, including aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. Similar result was obtained in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and endotoxin. However, probiotic intervention did not significantly affect interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. The current meta-analysis illustrates that probiotic supplementation reduces inflammatory markers and biochemical parameters for liver function in patients with cirrhosis, suggesting that probiotic management may be a novel treatment for cirrhosis. Furthermore, the interaction of the gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and inflammation factors with cirrhosis may provide a promising therapeutic target for the pharmacological and clinical treatment of cirrhosis.
The next station: chunking of değİl ‘not’ collocations in Turkish Sign Language
Authors: Makaroğlu Bahtiyar 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
More recently, grammaticalization theorists have become increasingly aware of the role of collocations in grammatical development. One of these roles is to define phonetic reductions and fusion in frequent collocations as constructionalization. Based on frequency of occurrences, the present study explores the implications of high-frequency collocations in Turkish Sign Language for grammaticalization and offers a novel account of constructional change of değİl ‘not’ on usage-based grounds. Specifically, the study suggests that (i) the chunking process is not language-specific within the spoken modality, as noted previously in the literature, (ii) the frequency of collocations is strongly correlated with phonetic reduction and duration, (iii) the fusional characteristics of [sign + değİl] collocations can be classified under four reduced constructional schemas, (iv) the monosyllabicity of a scheme appears to be criterion for it to be productive in signed modality and (v) the semantic changes of frequent [sign + değİl] collocations are related to the notion of subjectification in TİD.
An exploration of the proton NMR problem-solving approaches of undergraduate students
Authors: Gamage Sujani , Stanley Raven , Cui Jianmei , Mooring Suazette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Problem-solving is an important component of chemistry teaching and learning. It often requires both conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills. This study aims to examine how students solve tasks related to proton 1H NMR spectroscopy. This study included 24 voluntary participants enrolled in second-semester organic chemistry labs in two different instructional settings (online or in person). The data were collected through interviews conducted via Webex video conferencing software and used a think-aloud protocol. The data were analyzed using an inductive coding approach to identify students’ problem-solving approaches and resources they used when solving a given 1H NMR task that involved matching protons in a compound to specific peaks in the spectrum. The resources framework was used to capture students’ conceptual resources and problem-solving approaches. Results revealed that participants used more productive approaches than unproductive approaches while solving the problem; however, most students relied on one basic NMR concept to draw conclusions about the identity of a given peak. Also, when we observed the problem-solving resources that students utilized based on how they received NMR instruction (online or in-person), we did not observe major differences between the problem-solving resources that students used.
Challenges and Emerging Perspectives of Quality Assurance and Teacher Education in Nigerian Universities: A Literature Review
Authors: Imhangbe Osayamen S. , Oviawe Jane I. , Aluede Oyaziwo , Obinyan Gabriel , Oke Tunde Dayo 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Education plays a critical role in the effective pursuit and attainment of overall growth and technological advancement of any country. Thus, if Nigeria as a nation is to achieve competitive growth and technological advancement, the quality and type of her educational system must not only be right but also carefully sustained. If an improved quality of education in the country must be attained and sustained, the quality of her teacher education must be equally enhanced. The quest, therefore, for a sustained high-quality teacher education in Nigeria will not yield positive results; there is no corresponding functional and effective quality assurance (QA) and control mechanism in place. It is against this backdrop that this article reviewed QA mechanisms and approaches in place for the delivery of high-quality teacher education in Nigerian universities, the challenges, and emerging perspectives. It noted, however, that their functionality and productivity in terms of yielding the desirable impact were diminished by a myriad of challenges. The article then proposed an overhaul of the existing QA mechanisms while advocating that educational management and Nigerian authorities on teacher education must insist on acceptable standards and monitor performance to guarantee QA.
Tribo-corrosion behavior of electroplating, nitrocarburizing, and QPQ processes on barrel finishing
Authors: Yucel Aysu Hande , Yilmaz Alpay , Bakkal Mustafa , Kuzu Ali Taner 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effects of nitrocarburizing, QPQ, and Cr coating on the surface properties of 32CrMoV12-10 gun barrels are discussed. Hardness measurements, pin-on-disc tests, and anodic polarization tests were performed to examine the hardness values, wear resistance, friction coefficient, and corrosion resistance. The hardness of the specimen treated with QPQ was found to be the highest. Comparing the hardness profiles, it was observed that the casing depth of the nitrocarburized sample was shallower than that of the QPQ-treated sample. The pin-on-disc test revealed that the nitrocarburized sample exhibited a high coefficient of friction, while the Cr-coated sample showed the lowest coefficient of friction. Analyzing the Tafel polarization curve, it was determined that the nitrocarburized and QPQ-treated specimens demonstrated similar levels of corrosion resistance. However, it can be noted that the QPQ-treated specimen had a slightly lower corrosion rate.