bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Procedures: A New Test to Examine the Different Components in Subjective Monocular Refraction
Authors: Shapiro Jonathan 
Published: December 2023

Significance: Subjective monocular refraction is the basis for determining an optometric prescription. A single testing target for determining the final prescription, by simultaneous viewing with a method to control testing error, simplifies the procedure, since the patient has a better appreciation of the end-point and relates more easily to the examination.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify a test chart and method of examination to improve the efficiency of determining the correction of the astigmatic and spherical components of a prescription. The testing procedure uses an immediate comparison and avoids sequential testing that relies on memory.
A method of avoiding errors, caused by looking away from the optical centre, is included.
This is important in cases of high prescriptions. This method may be suitable for ancillary staff to use in the introductory testing routine.
Method: A single, non-movable test chart, independent of the circle of least confusion, is presented. The target is based on the simultaneous resolution of a line in four meridians. A second chart is incorporated into the principal chart. This uses chromatic displacement caused by the off-centre viewing of a prism to avoid errors.
Result: This testing method, when used in the clinic, has been shown to be efficient and easily understood. A limited independent trial showed that the method is as effective as traditional methods and gives acceptable results when used by ancillary staff. The results obtained by non-experienced individuals are also presented. This may be useful in environments where no professional staff are available.
Conclusion: The method described here improves the examination of subjective refraction without the need to change targets. There is no need to consider the circle of least confusion. The target includes tests for axis, cylinder power, spherical power and duochrome. The use of a simultaneous comparison is better received by patients than the sequential test, and is easily understood. The spherical end-point is definite, unless there is hyper-acuity or accommodative spasm. The test improves the ability of the patient to understand, and be comfortable with, the testing method. Binocular balance is not considered here.
Fundamentos para una ciencia de la hipercomplejidad I
Authors: Baraona Cockerell Miguel 
Published: December 2023

The indiscriminate use —and quite inconsistent— in the abusive repetition of words such as complexity, interdiscipline, and transdiscipline turns the intellectual terrain evoked by these
vocables increasingly vacuous and useless. As so many other popular terms in the history of the Social Sciences during the XXth and XXIst centuries, whose conceptualization was weak buy attractive for its ubiquity which transformed them into intellectual they morphed into fashionable words with little or no usage or validity whatsoever for a rigorous analysis of social phenomena to which they were supposed to be applied. In this sketchy summary of ideas, we will propose a usage which we think will allow to establish and formulate in a more solid manner these notions (complexity, interdiscipline, transdiscipline), transforming them in conceptual instruments for analytic tasks in present day sociology, within the appropriate epistemological framework for the study of hypercomplex systems; which are, in fact, a superior and peculiar category of complex systems.
Zonulin as a Biomarker for the Development of Celiac Disease
Authors: DaFonte Tracey M. , Valitutti Francesco , Kenyon Victoria , Locascio Joseph J. , Montuori Monica , Francavilla Ruggiero , Passaro Tiziana , Crocco Marco , Norsa Lorenzo , Piemontese Pasqua , Baldassarre Mariella , Fasano Alessio , Leonard Maureen M. ,   CD-GEMM Study Group
Published: December 2023

OBJECTIVES
Increased intestinal permeability seems to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease (CeD). However, it is unknown whether increased permeability precedes CeD onset. This study’s objective was to determine whether intestinal permeability is altered before celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) in at-risk children. We also examined whether environmental factors impacted zonulin, a widely used marker of gut permeability.

METHODS
We evaluated 102 children in the CDGEMM study from 2014–2022. We included 51 CDA cases and matched controls, who were enrolled for 12 months or more and consumed gluten. We measured serum zonulin from age 12 months to time of CDA onset, and the corresponding time point in controls, and examined clinical factors of interest. We ran a mixed-effects longitudinal model with dependent variable zonulin.

RESULTS
Children who developed CDA had a significant increase in zonulin in the 18.3 months (range 6–78) preceding CDA compared to those without CDA (slope differential = β = 0.1277, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.255). Among metadata considered, zonulin trajectory was only influenced by increasing number of antibiotic courses, which increased the slope of trajectory of zonulin over time in CDA subjects (P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS
Zonulin levels significantly rise in the months that precede CDA diagnosis. Exposure to a greater number of antibiotic courses was associated with an increase in zonulin levels in CDA subjects. This suggests zonulin may be used as a biomarker for preclinical CeD screening in at-risk children, and multiple antibiotic courses may increase their risk of CDA by increasing zonulin levels.
Optimal tactics of ovarian and metachronous breast cancer treatment in <i>BRCA</i> mutations carriers
Authors: Kutakov N. M. , Ibragimov E. K. , Chekini D. A. 
Published: December 2023

Treatment of patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasms caused by genetic mutations requires correct priorities from the clinician in selection of the most effective therapeutic tactics. An important aspect in this case is the identification of the neoplasm determining patient’s survival. The main goal is to achieve maximal treatment effect for this tumor and use therapy methods for control of other synchronous and metachronous tumors.The article presents a clinical case of a patient with BRCA1 mutation-associated recurrent ovarian cancer and de novo breast cancer of negative subtype. Combination multidisciplinary and personalized approach to treatment which led to the maximally effective result is described. Personalized approach to prescription of antitumor drug therapy, timing of surgical intervention and subsequent targeted therapy allowed to realize maximal antitumor effect and increase the patient’s lifespan.
Equivalent Near-Field Corner Frequency Analysis of 3D Dynamic Rupture Simulations Reveals Dynamic Source Effects
Authors: Schliwa Nico , Gabriel Alice-Agnes 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dynamic rupture simulations generate synthetic waveforms that account for nonlinear source and path complexity. Here, we analyze millions of spatially dense waveforms from 3D dynamic rupture simulations in a novel way to illuminate the spectral fingerprints of earthquake physics. We define a Brune-type equivalent near-field corner frequency (fc) to analyze the spatial variability of ground-motion spectra and unravel their link to source complexity. We first investigate a simple 3D strike-slip setup, including an asperity and a barrier, and illustrate basic relations between source properties and fc variations. Next, we analyze &gt;13,000,000 synthetic near-field strong-motion waveforms generated in three high-resolution dynamic rupture simulations of real earthquakes, the 2019 Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest mainshock, the Mw 6.4 Searles Valley foreshock, and the 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers earthquake. All scenarios consider 3D fault geometries, topography, off-fault plasticity, viscoelastic attenuation, and 3D velocity structure and resolve frequencies up to 1–2 Hz. Our analysis reveals pronounced and localized patterns of elevated fc, specifically in the vertical components. We validate such fc variability with observed near-fault spectra. Using isochrone analysis, we identify the complex dynamic mechanisms that explain rays of elevated fc and cause unexpectedly impulsive, localized, vertical ground motions. Although the high vertical frequencies are also associated with path effects, rupture directivity, and coalescence of multiple rupture fronts, we show that they are dominantly caused by rake-rotated surface-breaking rupture fronts that decelerate due to fault heterogeneities or geometric complexity. Our findings highlight the potential of spatially dense ground-motion observations to further our understanding of earthquake physics directly from near-field data. Observed near-field fc variability may inform on directivity, surface rupture, and slip segmentation. Physics-based models can identify “what to look for,” for example, in the potentially vast amount of near-field large array or distributed acoustic sensing data.
PEMBUATAN TAHU SUSU MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN DARI BONGGOL NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) [MANUFACTURING MILK TOFU USING COAGULANTS FROM PINEAPPLE HUMPS (Ananas comosus L.)]
Authors: Pratama Ryan , Handayani Ratna 
Published: December 2023

<p><em>Bromelain enzyme is a protease enzyme that can coagulate casein in milk. The use of pineapple waste, namely pineapple humps, can be used as a coagulant in making milk tofu.</em> <em>This research aimed to determine the best bromelain enzymes from two types of pineapple humps based on protein content and enzyme activity, as well as to analyzed the effect of bromelain enzyme crude extract concentration as a coagulant in making tofu with different heating temperatures. In phase I of the research, crude extract of bromelain enzymes was isolated and analyzed by yield, protein content, and enzyme activity. In phase II, milk tofu was made using a crude enzyme extract concentration of 0.50%; 1,00%; and 1.50% with a clotting temperature of 60 </em><em><sup>o</sup></em><em>C and 80 </em><em><sup>o</sup></em><em>C which were then analyzed by yield, water content, fat content, ash content, protein content, color and texture. The results of phase I analysis showed that the best type of humps was Queen pineapple humps with protein content of 0.12 ± 0.007 µg/ml and activity of 76.27 ± 4.43 U/ml, subsequently the humps were used for phase II analysis. The best treatment from phase II research was a crude enzyme extract concentration of 1.0% and a clotting temperature of 80<sup>o</sup>C with a yield value of 24.27 ± 0.01%, a moisture content of 68.89 ± 3.30% and a protein content of 4.64 ± 0.008%. </em><em></em></p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstract:</strong></p><p>Enzim bromelin merupakan enzim protease yang dapat menggumpalkan kasein pada susu. Penggunaan limbah nanas yaitu bonggol nanas dapat digunakan sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin terbaik dari dua jenis bonggol nanas berdasarkan kadar protein dan aktivitas enzimnya, serta untuk menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin sebagai koagulan dalam pembuatan tahu dengan suhu pemanasan yang berbeda. Pada penelitian tahap I dilakukan ekstrak kasar enzim bromelin diisolasi dan dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar protein, dan aktivitas enzim. Pada tahap II dilakukan pembuatan tahu susu menggunakan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar enzim 0,50%; 1,00%; dan 1,50% dengan suhu penggumpalan 60 <sup>o</sup>C dan 80 <sup>o</sup>C yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara rendemen, kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar abu, kadar protein, warna dan tekstur. Hasil analisis tahap I menunjukkan bahwa jenis bonggol terbaik adalah bonggol nanas <em>Queen </em>dengan kadar protein 0,12 ± 0,007 µg/ml dan aktivitas 76,27 ± 4,43 U/ml, selanjutnya bonggol tersebut digunakan untuk analisis tahap II. Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian tahap II adalah konsentrasi enzim 1,0% dengan suhu penggumpalan 80 <sup>o</sup>C dengan nilai rendemen 24,27 ± 0,01%, nilai kadar air 68,89 ± 3,30% dan nilai kadar protein 4,65 ± 0,008%.</p>
Phenolic Compounds of Honey Enriched by Wild-growing Spring Flowers as a New Diet Ingredient
Authors: Czernicka Maria , Sowa-Borowiec Patrycja , Dudek Tomasz , Cichoński Jan , Puchalski Czesław , Chrzanowski Grzegorz 
Published: December 2023

Is it possible that the addition of wild-growing flowers with anti-inflammatory applications can improve the antioxidant properties of rapeseed and multifloral honey? The study objective was a comparative analysis of two honey varieties enriched by flowers of six plant species, based on the content of the antioxidant capacity as well as total flavonoids and phenolic content. Experiments demonstrated that at each level of enrichment there was an improvement in antioxidant properties compared to honey of both varieties without additives, especially in the case of dried flowers. Primula veris L. and Pulmonaria officinalis L. improved the antioxidant properties and phenolic content most effectively in honey at all levels of enrichment. Rapeseed-type honey produces a better matrix for the incorporation of natural plant metabolites into honey. The content of biologically active substances in honey enriched with flowers gives hope for new applications of health-promoting substances contained in wild plants.
Functional Characterization of ShK Domain-Containing Protein in the Plant-Parasitic Nematode <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>
Authors: Mendonça Madalena , Vicente Claudia S. L. , Espada Margarida 
Published: December 2023

ShK domain-containing proteins are peptides found in different parasitic and venomous organisms. From a previous transcriptomic dataset from Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, a plant-endoparasitic nematode that infects forest tree species, we identified 96 transcripts potentially as ShK domain-containing proteins with unknown function in the nematode genome. This study aimed to characterize and explore the functional role of genes encoding ShK domain-containing proteins in B. xylophilus biology. We selected and functionally analyzed nine candidate genes specific from B. xylophilus. In situ hybridization revealed expression of one B. xylophilus ShK in the pharyngeal gland cells, suggesting their delivery into host cells. Most of the transcripts are highly expressed during infection and showed a significant upregulation in response to peroxide products compared to the nematode catalase enzymes. We reported for the first time, the potential involvement of ShK domain genes in oxidative stress, suggesting that these proteins may have an important role protecting or modulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of the host plant during parasitism.
Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Entrapment of the Articular Branch of Deep Peroneal Nerve
Authors: Moonot Pradeep , Karwande Nikhil , Dakhode Shubham , Thorat Tushar 
Published: December 2023

Case:
A 28-year-old male patient who injured his ankle 2 years ago presented with unilateral ankle pain, tingling, and numbness for 1 year. Clinically, tenderness and positive Tinel sign were localized on anterior aspect of ankle. On exploration, deep peroneal nerve and mainly its articular branch were encased in fibrotic tissue. Decompression of both nerves resulted in symptomatic relief after surgery.

Conclusion:
High index of suspicion, a thorough medical history, meticulous clinical examination, complete knowledge of nerve anatomy, proper radiological studies, and careful surgical decompression are all necessary for the diagnosis and management of such atypical cases.
Boosting Solar-Driven Water Evaporation through Selective Water Gating Enabled by Thermo-Responsive Sporopollenin
Authors: Tam Kam , Wang Yi , Zhao Weinan , Lee Yebin , Li Yuning 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Solar-driven evaporation has emerged as a sustainable approach for water generation and purification. However, the undesirable heat loss leads to low energy conversion efficiency that limits water generation and impedes the scalability of this technology. Here, we developed a bilayer-structured solar evaporator (SDWEs) by engineering the fluidic flow within two water transport channels. A porous polydopamine (PDA) coating layer served as photothermal section and water supply microchannels, while the thermo-responsive sporopollenin layer on the bottom skeleton of the foam acted as a switchable water gating layer. Through confocal laser microscopy and micro-CT characterization, we demonstrated that this structural design enabled the selective and directional water transport. Noteworthy, this unique fluidic flow could facilitate the continuous supply of thin water layers and reduce the latent heat required for water evaporation. Therefore, the optimized p-SDWE sample achieved a high-water evaporation rate of 3.58 kg m−2 h−1 using 93.9% solar energy from 1 sun irradiation, and successfully delivered 18–22 liters of purified water per square meter of SDWE per day when treating brine water. This work elucidated the functions of water transport at the interface within the solar evaporator and presented a novel strategy for high-performance solar-driven water generation.
Evaluation of Geometric Errors in a Horizontal Lathe using the Indirect Calibration Method
Authors: Baldan Juliana Santiago , Rocha Guilherme Castilho Encinas da , Bertolini Marília da Silva , de Morais César Augusto Galvão 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

The aim of this study is to assess the geometric errors in a horizontal lathe, specifically focusing on the Indirect Calibration method. The research aims to provide insights into the quality and performance of the lathe's metrological processes. The application of the Indirect Calibration method to assess geometric errors in a mechanical lathe contributes to the field of metrology by offering a unique approach to error evaluation. The research involves the setup of an experimental structure according to the Indirect Calibration method. Data collection, storage of a linear variable differential transformer displacement (LVDT), application of the Least Squares Method, and statistical analysis with analysis of variance (ANOVA) are key research methods. The study reveals significant geometric errors in the mechanical lathe, with variations in error magnitude across different transverse positions. The position of the lathe's carriage significantly influences the errors. These findings provide valuable insights for the quality and precision of machined parts. The Indirect Calibration method can help manufacturers identify optimal machining positions, contributing to improved product quality.
GENESO a framework for pan-cancer classification and marker gene discovery by symmetrical occlusion method using deep learning
Authors: Zhao Xing , Wang Huating , Sun Hao 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Quantitative measurement of RNA expression levels through RNA-Seq is an ideal replacement for conventional cancer diagnosis via microscope examination. Currently, cancer-related RNA-Seq studies focus on two aspects: classifying the status and tissue of origin of a sample and discovering marker genes. Existing studies typically identify marker genes by statistically comparing healthy and cancer samples. However, this approach overlooks marker genes with low expression level differences and may be influenced by experimental results.
In this paper, we introduce "GENESO," a novel framework for pan-cancer classification and marker gene discovery using the symmetrical occlusion method in conjunction with deep learning. we first trained a baseline deep LSTM neural network capable of distinguishing the origins and statuses of samples utilizing RNA-Seq data. Then, we propose a novel marker gene discovery method called "Symmetrical Occlusion". It collaborates with the baseline LSTM network, mimicking the "gain of function" and "loss of function" of genes to quantitatively evaluate their importance in pan-cancer classification.
By identifying the genes of utmost importance, we then isolate them to train new neural networks, resulting in higher performance LSTM models that utilize only a reduced set of highly relevant genes. The baseline neural network achieves an impressive validation accuracy of 96.59% in pan-cancer classification. Through the integration of SO and selecting the top 33% of genes ranked by importance, the accuracy of the second network reaches an accuracy of 98.30%, while using 67% fewer genes. Notably, our method excels in identifying marker genes that are not differentially expressed. Moreover, we assessed the feasibility of our method using single-cell RNASeq data, employing known marker genes as a validation test.
Stress distributions around the interference fit between a round pin and a perforated finite plate
Authors: CASTAGNETTI Davide , Dragoni Eugenio 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Interference fit couplings between a perforated finite plate and a round pin are widely used mechanical systems in several industrial applications. Only a few works in the literature investigate the coupling contact pressure due to interference in the absence of an external load, and these works are limited to a few specific configurations. To overcome this limitation, this work performs a numerical systematic investigation of the pin-plate coupling for a wide range of configurations that can be encountered in practice. Three are the variables investigated: the pin diameter, the plate length, and the pin offset in the longitudinal direction, all of them normalized over plate width, for a total of 18 configurations. The work provides a detailed prediction of the contact pressure and equivalent von Mises stress along the contact surface and compares the results with photoelastic investigations retrieved from the literature. For design purposes, the results are synthesized through two stress concentration factors, one referring to the peak contact pressure, and the second one to the peak von Mises stress.
The prevalence and influencing factors of COVID-19 in pregnant women in Hunan Province, China, immediately following the relaxation of epidemic control measures
Authors: Wang Yingxia , Liu yixu , Zou Kehan , Yang Min , Wu Yinglan , xie Donghua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of COVID-19 in pregnant women in Hunan Province immediately following the relaxation of epidemic control measures.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a multistage stratified sampling method. The questionnaire collected basic maternal information, data on COVID-19 infection status, and pregnancy-related information. The survey was conducted by trained investigators, and data quality checks were carried out twice per week.
Results: Among the 7761 included pregnant women, 5191 (66.9%) had a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result or related symptoms. The majority of maternal infections were mild (90.0%), and very few were severe and critical (0.4% and 0.1%), and headache and body aches (65.3%) were the most common symptoms. A total of 2711 (52.2%) women gave birth, and 449 (16.6%) newborns had infections. Logistic multivariable regression analysis showedthatpregnant women with an education level of junior college and above (OR=1.392, 95% CI: 1.182, 1.639), those with a monthly household income ≥3000 yuan and above (OR=1.175, 95% CI: 1.027, 1.344), those who lived with their family during family member infection (OR=1.476, 95% CI: 1.316, 1.655), and those with pulmonary (OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.070, 1.854) or other (OR=1.398, 95% CI: 1.188, 1.645) underlying diseases were more likely to have COVID-19. A farmer/worker occupation type (OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.484, 0.786) was a protective factor.
Conclusions: Many pregnantwomen had COVID-19 immediately following the relaxation of epidemic control measures, but most had mild cases, and few effects on newborns were observed. Mobility is the most critical factor influencing infection. The continued utilization of masks and adherence to social distancing measures remain crucial in mitigating COVID-19 transmission.