bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system (AirdriveTM) on canine kidney preservation
Authors: Hu Xiaopeng , Xue Wenrui , Zhang Qiang , Wang Wei , Zhang Jiqing , Zhang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2024

Background
Organ preservation keeps the quality of the organs under prolonged ischemia. Continuous machine perfusions are gaining an important position in clinical research and practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system (AirdriveTM) on cold ischemic injury of canine kidney.

Methods
Ten kidneys of five healthy preserving canines were taken out after general anesthesia. Five kidneys were stored using common cold preservation (CCP group) by immersing it in the organ preservation solution, mixed with water and ice, and kept in a cold room at 4°C. The other five kidneys were stored using continuous machine perfusion preservation (CMP group) and were placed into the AirdriveTM continuous machine perfusion device at room temperature. The renal tissues were examined by histopathology, electron microscopy, and mitochondrial activity check at different time points.

Results
Histologic sections showed that the structures of the ten renal tissues were similar during the first 24 hours. After 48 hours, the CCP group showed more pronounced changes, as the renal tubular epithelial cells were more obvious than those in the glomeruli. Oxygen consumption rate of state III and IV respiration in the CCP group decreased after 12–48 hours and increased at 48 hours, respectively, when compared to the CMP group (P <0.05). Cortex respiratory control ratio and phosphorus oxygen ratio were significantly higher in the CMP group at 48 hours.

Conclusion
With prolonged storage time, the effect of continuous hypothermic machine perfusion transport system is better than that of common cold preservation on canine kidney.
Exploration of approaches to adjusting brand-name drug prices in Mainland of China: based on comparison and analysis of some brand-name drug prices of Mainland and Taiwan, China
Authors: Weng Geng , Han Sheng , Pu Run , Pan Wynn HT , Shi Luwen 
Published: January 2024

Background
Under the circumstance of the New Medical Reform in Mainland of China, lowering drug prices has become an approach to relieving increase of medical expenses, and lowering brand-name medication price is a key strategy. This study, by comparing and analyzing brand-name medication prices between Mainland of China and Taiwan, explores how to adjust brand-name medication prices in Mainland of China in the consideration of the drug administrative strategies in Taiwan.

Methods
By selecting brand-name drug with generic name and dose types matched in Mainland and Taiwan, calculate the average unit price and standard deviation and test it with the paired t-test. In the mean time, drug administrative strategies between Mainland and Taiwan are also compared systematically.

Results
Among the 70 brand-name medications with generic names and matched dose types, 54 are at higher prices in Mainland of China than Taiwan, which is statistically significant in t-test. Also, among the 47 medications with all of matched generic names, dose types, and manufacturing enterprises, 38 are at higher prices in Mainland than Taiwan, and the gap is also statistically significant in t-test. In Mainland of China, brand-name medication took cost-plus pricing and price-based price adjustment, while in Taiwan, brand-name medication took internal and external reference pricing and market-based price adjustment.

Conclusions
Brand-name drug prices were higher in Mainland of China than in Taiwan. The adjustment strategies of drug prices are scientific in Taiwan and are worth reference by Mainland of China.
Retinoschisis and intravitreal ranibizumab treatment for myopic choroidal neovascularization
Authors: Huang Jianfeng , Chen Tong , Lu Yingyi , Long Li , Dai Hong 
Published: January 2024

Background
Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is effecitve on treating myopic CNVs, but it could be a risk factor for developing more severe retinoschisis in eyes with preexisted retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane. This study aimed to explore the incidence and features of retinoschisis after intravitreal ranibizumab injection for myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Methods
Eighty-three eyes of 81 patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia were treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection. The best corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were recorded at baseline and every month thereafter. Central retina thickness and maximal retina thickness were measured. The subjects were divided into three groups. Eleven eyes that had retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane were in group 1, six eyes that had simple epiretinal membrane were in group 2, and 66 eyes that had neither retinoschisis nor epiretinal membrane were in group 3. Six contralateral eyes in group 1 which had retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane but were not treated with intravitreal ranibizumab injection were set as the control group.

Results
Seven of the 11 eyes in group 1 developed more severe retinoschisis, the mean maximal retinal thickness increased from (380.28±90.13) to (467.00±70.20) μm (P <0.05). The retinoschisis of all 6 eyes of the control group did not aggravate. Compared with the control group, the aggravation ratio of retinoschisis increased significantly (P <0.05). No new onset of retinoschisis took place in group 2 and group 3.

Conclusion
Intravitreal ranibizumab injection may be a risk factor for aggravation of retinoschisis in eyes with preexisted retinoschisis and epiretinal membrane.
Profile of pediatric glaucoma patients in Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital
Authors: Yuan Fang , Qingqing Long , Wenyi Guo , Xinghuai Sun 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundThe extent of our knowledge of the epidemiology of pediatric glaucoma in China is limited. To better characterize the epidemiology of pediatric glaucoma in eastern China, we report the clinical profile, etiologies, and treatment modalities in patients <18 years of age in Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital.MethodsThe medical records of patients presenting glaucoma between January 2003 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic characteristics, the proportion of different glaucoma subtypes and surgical precedures were collected and analyzed.ResultsA total of 1 142 eyes of 734 pediatric patients (500 males) were included. Congenital glaucoma was the leading subtype, accounting for 47.55% of all patients. The ratio of boys to girls was 2.5:1. Patients with congenital glaucoma affecting both eyes accounted for 72.5% of all patients examined. Patients with primary juvenile glaucoma were the second most common group (n=125, 17.03%). Traumatic glaucoma was the third most common subtype (n=81, 11.03%). The type of surgery was related to the subtype of glaucoma.ConclusionsCongenital glaucoma, primary juvenile glaucoma, and traumatic glaucoma are the most prevalent subtypes in pediatric glaucoma patients in Shanghai Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital. The characteristics of congenital glaucoma in China are similar to those in Western countries.
Comparison of two and three dimensional quantitative coronary angiography to intravascular ultrasound in the assessment of left main coronary artery bifurcation lesions
Authors: Kan Jing , Gao Xiaofei , Sandeep Kumar Gami , Xu Haimei , Zhao Yingying , Chen Shaoliang , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundAngiographic evaluation of left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcation lesions is often limited. two dimensional (2D) quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) with segmental analysis provides accuracy for quantification of the degree of stenosis in the main vessel and side branch ostium but can be affected by foreshortening and variable magnification. The accuracy of three dimensional (3D) QCA has recently developed to overcome 2D QCA limitations, however, accuracy and precision of 3D bifurcation QCA measurements in LMCA bifurcation lesions has not been established.MethodsWe investigated whether such 3D and 2D bifurcation QCA measurements differ in their accuracy in assessing significant LMCA bifurcation lesions defined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as a minimum luminal area (MLA) <6 mm2of LMCA and MLA <4 mm2of proximal left anterior descending (LAD) and/or proximal left circumflex (LCX)ResultsLMCA bifurcation lesions were assessed in 44 patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. From 2D QCA measurements, MLA correlated moderately with threshold intravascular ultrasound MLA for LMCA (r=0.81,P<0.000 1), LAD (r=0.54,P=0.000 1) and LCX (r=0.58,P<0.000 1). Severity of lesion as MLA by derived 3D QCA, correlated moderately with threshold intravascular ultrasound MLA for LMCA (r=0.84,P<0.000 1), LAD (r=0.53,P=0.000 2); LCX (r=0.66,P<0.000 1). Overall, the C statistics tended to be slightly higher for 3D QCA and 2D QCA measurements in LMCA segment compared with proximal LAD and LCX segments, and there were no significant predictive power of percent diameter stenosis and percent area stenosis on 3D QCA for LCX IVUS MLA <4 mm2 (percent diameter stenosis: area under curve 0.55, cutoff 23%, sensitivity 88%, specificity 37%,P=0.618 6; percent arer stenosis: area under curve 0.56, cutoff 41%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 38%,P=0.518 4, respectively).ConclusionsThe accuracy of 3D bifurcation QCA in detecting significant LMCA bifurcation lesions is limited, especially the proximal LCX ostium. When IVUS is not available or contraindicated, 3D QCA may assist in the evaluation of intermediate LMCA lesions with MLA.
Long-term follow-up for Shang Ring male circumcision
Authors: Cheng Yue , Wu Kerong , Yan Zejun , Yang Shuwei , Li Fang , Su Xinjun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Shang Ring male circumcision (MC) is a safe surgery with good short-term effects. This retrospective study was performed to investigate the long-term result of patients who had undergone Shang Ring MC.

Methods
A total of 103 patients who underwent the surgery were recruited in the study. Before and after the surgery, a questionnaire inquiring sexual function and sexual satisfaction was filled up. Face-to-face interview was executed. Physical examination of the external genitals was performed and complications were evaluated.

Results
The median follow-up duration was 19.1 months (range from 9 to 28 months). The mean width of penile mucosa was (9.3±2.5) mm. The mean width of scar was (3.7±1.6) mm. No tender pain was found in participants when palpating the penis. No significant or functional complication was observed except of mucosa asymmetry in one case and scar hyperplasia in two cases. The postoperative sexual function did not differ from the preoperative one, although partners showed better satisfaction toward sexual life.

Conclusion
Shang Ring MC represents a good long-term cosmetic result with no significant complication or adverse effects on sexual function.
Age, estimated glomerular filtration rate and ejection fraction score predicts contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: insight from the TRACK-D study
Authors: Li Jing , Li Yi , Wang Xiaozeng , Yang Shuguang , Gao Chuanyu , Zhang Zheng , Yang Chengming , Jing Quanming , Wang Shouli , Ma Yingyan , Wang Zulu , Liang Yanchun , Han Yaling 
Published: January 2024

Background
The occurrence of contrast induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) has a pronounced impact on morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to appraise the diagnostic efficacy of age, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and ejection fraction (AGEF) score (age/EF(%)+1 (if eGFR was <60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2)) as an predictor of CIAKI in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and concomitant chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods
The AGEF score was calculated for 2 998 patients with type 2 DM and concomitant CKD who had undergone coronary/peripheral arterial angiography. CIAKI was defined as an increase in sCr concentration of 0.5 mg/dl (44.2 mmol/L) or 25% above baseline at 72 hours after exposure to the contrast medium. Post hoc analysis was performed by stratifying the rate of CIAKI according to AGEF score tertiles. The diagnostic efficacy of the AGEF score for predicting CIAKI was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results
The AGEF score ranged from 0.49 to 3.09. The AGEF score tertiles were defined as follows: AGEFlow ≤0.92 (n=1 006); 0.92 <AGEFmid ≤1.16 (n=1 000), and ACEFhigh >1.16 (n=992). The incidence of CIAKI was significantly different in patients with low, middle and high AGEF scores (AGEFlow=1.1%, AGEFmid=2.3% and AGEFhigh=5.8%, P <0.001). By multivariate analysis, AGEF score was an independent predictor of CIAKI (odds ratio=4.96, 95% CI: 2.32–10.58, P <0.01). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.648–0.753, P <0.001).

Conclusion
The AGEF score is effective for stratifying risk of CIAKI in patients with DM and CKD undergoing coronary/peripheral arterial angiography. (Clinical Trial identifier: NCT00786136).
Safety and efficacy of a novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent for the treatment of de novo coronary lesions: 12-month results from the TARGET II trial
Authors: Xu Bo , Zhao Yelin , Yang Yuejin , Zhang Ruiyan , Li Hui , Ma Changsheng , Chen Shaoliang , Wang Jianan , Huo Yong , Leon Martin B. , Gao Runlin 
Published: January 2024

BackgroundIn the TARGET I randomized controlled trial, the novel abluminal groove-filled biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent FIREHAWK proved non-inferior to the everolimus-eluting stent in nine-month in-stent late loss in singlede novocoronary lesions. This study was aimed at evaluating clinical safety and effectiveness of FIREHAWK in a moderately complex population (including patients with small vessels, long lesions and multi-vessels), and at validating the ability of the SYNTAX score (SS) to predict clinical outcomes in patients treated with this latest generation drug-eluting stent.MethodsTARGET II was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm study with primary outcome of 12-month target lesion failure (TLF), including cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI) and ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). Stent thrombosis was defined according to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definition. Patients were grouped by tertiles of SS (≤6, >6 to ≤12, and >12). All patients were exclusively treated with the FIREHAWK stent and were followed up at 1, 6, and 12 months, and annually thereafter up to five years.ResultsA total of 730 patients were included in this registry study. The 12-month incidence of TLF was 4.4% and the incidence of TLF components were, cardiac death 0.5%, TV-MI 3.2%, and TLR 2.2%. One definite/probable stent thrombosis was observed at 12-month follow-up. Mean SS was 10.87±6.87. Patients in the SS >12 tertile had significantly higher TLF (P=0.02) and TLR (P<0.01) rates than those in lower SS groups. In COX proportional-hazards regression analyses, TLF incidence was strongly related to lesion length (long lesion vs. non-long lesion patients;HR3.416, 95%CI, 1.622–7.195), but unrelated to diabetic, small vessel, and multivessel subgroups.ConclusionsThe low TLF incidence in this study indicates that FIREHAWK is safe and effective in the treatment of moderately complex coronary disease. SS is also able to predict adverse clinical outcomes in FIREHAWK treated patients. (Clinical Trial.gov identifier: NCT0141264)
Study of preferred background luminance in watching computer screen in children
Authors: Shen Yang , Kuai Shuguang , Zhou Weixi , Peng Sheng , Tian Mi , Liu Kangjun , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: January 2024

Background
In recent years, computers have been intensively used at home. In contrast to paper-based books and documents, computer screen is self-illuminated with larger screen-background luminance difference, which greatly induces visual discomfort. To compensate for that, one effective solution is to offer an additional background luminance. In this study, we investigated whether and to what extent additional background lighting is needed in looking at a computer display comfortably.

Methods
In this study, 60 healthy children aged from 9 to 12 years and 58 adults aged from 21 to 39 years participated in the experiments. They were asked to choose their most preferred background luminance intensities at three screen luminance levels. The data were analyzed by Matlab (R2012b) and SPSS 20.0.

Results
Both children and adult participants selected a non-dark background as their comfortable lighting condition when watching a computer display (children: t (59)=22.0, P <0.01, adults: t (57)=15.5, P <0.01). Comparatively, children preferred brighter background in general (F (1,116)=7.0, P <0.01). More importantly, participants’ preferred background luminance levels were linearly correlated with screen luminance intensities (children: slope=0.97, R2
=0.98; adults: slope=0.38, R2
=1.00).

Conclusion
These results indicate that varying background luminance to maintain screen-background luminance ratio is beneficial to human visual comfort.
Application of immunosuppressant facilitates the therapy of optic neuritis combined with Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Hongyang Li , Zihao Liu , Yan Gong , Zhaocai Jiang , Yixin Zhang , Yanli Dai , Yan Zhang , Shihui Wei 
Published: January 2024

Background
Optic neuritis (ON) is often the first symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) while there has been very little research reported on ON combined with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The aim of this study is to provide different treatments and services for and NMO patients combined with SS.

Methods
Twenty-seven patients with ON combined SS were divided into two groups: corticosteroid group (C group, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, 14 patients) and corticosteroid+ immunosuppressant group (C+I group, leflunomide, 13 patients). ON relapse times in 1 year after treatment, number of patients who relapsed to NMO/MS in 1 years, visual acuity and retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured. Mann Whitney-Wilcoxon test was used to compare continuous variables and Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was to compare proportions.

Results
ON combined with SS patients had higher incidence rates in middle-aged women who have binocular damage and heavier visual function damage or when there is an easy relapse, and the patients are often hormone dependent. The patients are more likely anti-aquaporin-4 IgG seropositive (70.4%). They are liable to form a centrocecal scotoma and tubular vision. The times of relapse decreased in patients who used immunosuppressant, and a significant difference was found between immunosuppressant and non-immunosuppressant groups in visual acuity recovery during 6-month followup period (P <0.05); however, the RNFL thickness at the four quadrants was not significantly different.

Conclusions
The effect of immunosuppressant plus corticosteroid on the early onset of ON combined with SS was to provide ON remedy and to prevent recurrence in clinics. This study provides a significant reference for the prevention and treatment of ON on the basis of immunosuppressant and corticosteroid.
Preliminary radioimmunoimaging and biodistribution of 131iodinelabeled single-chain antibody fragment against progastrin-releasing peptide(31–98) in small cell lung cancer xenografts
Authors: Hong Zhihui , Shi Yizhen , Liu Zengli , Zhou Xiaolin , Yang Yi , Tang Jun 
Published: January 2024

Background
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as DD3, raised against progastrin-releasing peptide(31–98) (ProGRP(31–98)) antigen, have been used to target small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, as an intact mAb, DD3 is cleared slowly from the body, with an optimal radioimmunoimaging time of 72 hours. More recently, a single-chain antibody fragment has demonstrated reduced excretion time in blood and normal tissues and is increasingly used in diagnostic cancer research. Thereby, it potentially increases the radioimmunoimaging efficacy. However, there have been few studies with this antibody fragment. The aim of this study was to characterize the preliminary radioimmunoimaging and biodistribution of 131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv in nude mice bearing SCLC xenografts.

Methods
Anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv was used to detect ProGRP expression by flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry. 131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv was injected intravenously into healthy Kunming mice and the percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) in various organs was calculated. Similarly, the %ID/g and tumor/non-tumor ratio in xenograft-bearing mice was calculated. After injection of 131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv, treated mice were imaged at 1, 24, and 30 hours. Then the tumor/base ratios were calculated.

Results
ProGRP was highly expressed in NCI-H446 cells and xenograft tissue. The metabolism of 131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv in healthy mice was consistent with a first-order and two-compartment model; T1/2α
and T1/2β
were 10.2 minutes and 5 hours 18 minutes, respectively. The %ID/g of 131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv in xenografts was much higher than in healthy tissues at 12 hours after injection, reaching a maximum of (5.38±0.92) %ID/g at 24 hours. Successful imaging of xenograft tissue was achieved as early as 1 hour post-injection and persisted until 30 hours, with 24 hours proving optimal.

Conclusion

131I-anti-ProGRP(31–98) scFv shows highly selective tumor uptake with low accumulation in normal tissues and rapid blood clearance, indicating that it could be a promising agent for SCLC radioimmunoimaging.
Progress on the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor in idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Wang Chao , Lu Huan , Yang Cui , Luo Yuezhong 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To highlight current knowledge about M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) which is the first human autoantigen discovered in adult idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Data sources
Relevant articles published in English from 2000 to present were selected from PubMed. Searches were made using the terms “idiopathic membranous nephropathy, M-type PLA2R and podocyte.”

Study selection
Articles studying the role of M-type PLA2R in idiopathic membranous nephropathy were reviewed. Articles focusing on the discovery, detection and clinical observation of anti-PLA2R antibodies were selected.

Results
M-type PLA2R is a member of the mannose receptor family of proteins, locating on normal human glomeruli as a transmembrane receptor. The anti-PLA2R in serum samples from MN were primarily IgG4 subclass. Technologies applied to detect anti-PLA2R autoantibody are mainly WB, IIFT, ELISA and so on. Studies from domestic and overseas have identified a strongly relationship between circulating anti-PLA2R levels and disease activity.

Conclusion
Recent discoveries corresponding to PLA2R facilitate a better understanding on IMN pathogenesis and may provide a new tool to its diagnosis, differential diagnosis, risk evaluation, response monitoring and patient-specific treatment.