bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of finger ridges in paper manufacturing and development of a qualitative model of their formation
Authors: Roosen Gerrit , Arndt Tiemo , Miletzky Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the formation of finger ridges during the paper manufacturing process, highlighting the role of structural inhomogeneities and winding conditions. Finger ridges, characterised by multiple waves oriented in machine direction, result from local grammage and moisture variations, causing troughs during winding at the pope reeler. Key contributing factors include high paper density, low air permeability, low surface roughness, and high modulus of elasticity in the z-direction. Finger ridges appear only when a pigment coating and calendering process are involved, with the calendering significantly enhancing the properties that make the paper more prone to this defect. The developed qualitative model outlines three phases of formation: Phase 1 describes the initial formation of a trough during winding due to structural inhomogeneities; Phase 2 involves the appearance of the first finger ridge in the trough due to entrapped air, moisture equalization and winding conditions; Phase 3 describes the formation of additional finger ridges symmetrically around the initial finger ridge. The preventive measures developed include ensuring uniform cross-profiles, reducing air entrainment during winding, optimizing the calendering process, and utilizing larger reel spool cores and rubberised carrying drums. Implementing these strategies can significantly reduce finger ridges, enhancing paper planarity and quality.
Conceiving Elements of Divinity: The Use of the Semantic Web for the Definition of Material Religiosity in the Levant During the Second Millennium BCE
Authors: Laneri Nicola , Nigro Lorenzo , Miniaci Gianluca , Nicolosi-Asmundo Marianna , Santamaria Daniele Francesco , Pappalardo Chiara 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on how forms of religiosity are produced through the interaction of local, exogenous, and hybrid elements is fundamental for the improvement of religious studies. This becomes particularly noteworthy in the context of the Levant during the Second Millennium BCE when cultural hybridization phenomena played a pivotal role in shaping novel religious beliefs. Such an exploration, in fact, opens up avenues in the process that ultimately led to the emergence of the Israelite monolatry in the First Millennium BCE. To reach this target, the Godscapes project combines a material culture perspective with the Semantic Web, an innovative application of artificial intelligence that will aid researchers in understanding religious phenomena by not only reconstructing inherent missing information within the data but also furnishing a powerful tool to search, query, and visualize them. Hence, the project aims to build “The Godscapes Ontology” (TGO) through a deconstruction process of the elements recognizable in four aspects associated with material religiosity: religious architecture, religious iconography, funerary rituals/beliefs, and religious texts. After introducing the project’s scope and methodology, the article will present the conceptual model for TGO, showing how the aforementioned aspects are related to each other in the construction of religious beliefs and practices. It will further detail the semantic ontology elaborated to model the religious architecture of the Second Millennium BCE Levant. Finally, the interrogation of the dataset through pilot queries in the Semantic Web language (SPARQL) will provide validation of the designed model, and assess the potential applications of the approach.
One trityl, two trityl, three trityl groups – Structural differences of differently substituted triethanolamines
Authors: Lenz Tabea , Layh Marcus , Hebenbrock Marian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Trityl-protected triethanolamines were synthesized and their structures evaluated with regard to the planarization of the central nitrogen atom. Although the steric influence of the side groups was found to affect the geometry around the nitrogen atom, this influence was only minor. In addition to the intramolecular interactions, the intermolecular interactions in these crystals were identified on the basis of the solid state structures. These are dominated by short H⋯H contacts and C–H···π interactions. Overall, this study demonstrates the individual influence of distant sterically demanding groups on geometrical parameters and contributes to the understanding of these influences.
The North Caesarea 1 shipwreck: challenges of re-excavating a large merchantman
Authors: Nantet Emmanuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The North Caesarea 1 shipwreck, briefly explored in the 1980s, is one of the few hulls of the Hellenistic and early Imperial periods excavated in the Eastern Mediterranean. This investigation relies on the meticulous re-examination of primary excavation data to help answer some questions regarding this hull that probably belonged to a large vessel.
Systematic analysis of molecules regulating nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and vascular endothelium condition
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Chuchalin A. G. , Gromova O. A. 
Published: February 2025

Background. Nitric monooxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that plays an important role in many physiological processes, including the regulation of vascular tone, neurotransmission, immunity, mitochondrial respiration, and skeletal muscle contractility. Certain molecules, which are micronutrients or active ingredients of a number of drugs, improve the biosynthesis and secretion of NO.Objective: systematization of information on the impact of various molecules on the modulation of NO levels in normal and pathological conditions.Material and methods. An array of all currently available publications on fundamental and clinical studies of the effects of various molecules on NO levels was studied. By the query “nitric oxide” in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of biomedical publications 198,480 articles were detected, and by the query “nitric oxide AND endothelium” 27,869 articles were found (with a peak in 2005). After loading this sample, a systematic analysis of these 27,869 publications was performed using topological and metric approaches.Results. This paper presents the results of a systematic analysis of this issue, which allowed us to identify at least 123 molecules that, in one way or another, modulate NO biosynthesis in the body. Molecules that improve NO metabolism can be conditionally divided into four groups: (1) macro- and micronutrients; (2) components of natural extracts; (3) medicines; (4) molecules that affect nitric oxide metabolism through the reparation of glycocalyx damage. Of the above variety of molecules that affect endothelium and NO biosynthesis, sulodexide stands out (by its effect on the endothelium and glycocalyx).Conclusion. The use of sulodexide (a mixture of glycosaminoglycans with a high degree of pharmaceutical standardization) is one of the promising areas of therapy for endothelial dysfunction through the restoration of glycocalyx, which is accompanied by the restoration of NO biosynthesis.
Critical care in paediatrics: the role of ventilation techniques in managing acute respiratory conditions
Authors: Soni Pankaj , Cheriathu Jenny 
Published: February 2025

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of ventilation techniques in managing paediatric acute respiratory conditions, including asthma, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia. The review included 19 studies from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, published between 2015 and 2024. Findings showed that non-invasive ventilation (NIV) methods like CPAP along with BiPAP improve oxygenation and reduce intubation rates, with CPAP effective for mild cases and BiPAP for severe distress. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) outperformed standard oxygen therapy (SOT), though comparisons with NIV remain inconclusive. Invasive techniques like pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) along with pressure support ventilation (PSV) are vital for unstable patients, with PRVC preventing barotrauma and PSV easing respiratory effort. Additionally, four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) imaging proved valuable in optimizing ventilation strategies and improving diagnostic accuracy. In conclusion, NIV techniques like CPAP along with BiPAP are effective in improving oxygenation and reducing intubation rates in paediatric respiratory conditions, with BiPAP being more suitable for severe distress. HFNC shows promise over SOT, though further comparison with NIV is needed. Invasive ventilation methods, such as PRVC and PSV, are essential for managing unstable patients, with PRVC offering protection against barotrauma and PSV enhancing respiratory efficiency. The study underscores the importance of lung-protective strategies to minimize risks in paediatric ventilation.
Minimal dose inhaled salbutamol leading to diastolic hypotension (rare presentation) and significant lactic acidosis mimicking shock, a case report from tertiary care hospital in Ajman, UAE
Authors: Onsy Ahmed Badr , Gattoo Imran Ahmad , Abdelrahem Amna Abdallah , Abdullh Rana Mohammed Hussien , Tayyem Asmaa Mahmoud Abu 
Published: February 2025

Salbutamol is a selective β2-receptor agonist widely used to treat asthma in both emergency and outpatient settings. It has been associated with a various side effects ranging from mild to severe in presentation. Lactic acidosis and diastolic hypotension are rarely reported together following intermittent salbutamol nebulization in children, even less so at standard therapeutic doses. We present the case of an 11-year-old Emirati male child, known asthmatic but not on any preventive therapy, who experienced a serious drug reaction during an asthma exacerbation following inhaled salbutamol (5 mg back to back, overall 5 to 10 mg. while he was receiving the second dose of salbutamol nebulization in our emergency department, he developed persistent hypotension (lowest 70/45) despite fluid boluses, also he had elevated blood lactate levels (peak concentration 9 mmol/l), following the hyperglycemia (peak concentration 18 mmol/l), hypokalemia (lowest concentration 3.3 mEq/l).The aforementioned alterations improved within 24 hours after discontinuation of salbutamol and without any further fluid boluses which has been initiated initially at the causality based on the presentation that was mimicking shock status. We reinforce the message that even the use of intermittent nebulized salbutamol for acute moderate asthma can lead to severe transient complications in children. Then, healthcare providers should pay attention not only in emergency settings, to achieve prompt recognition and proper management of this adverse reaction. Careful reassessment could prevent similar reactions and further serious complications.
A case of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI in Indian family: importance of clinical characteristics, urinary GAG and enzyme assay in diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Ali Mohammad Amir , Maheshwari Shivangi , Mohapatra Mrunmay Das , Dash Dillip Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) are hereditary progressive disease caused by mutations in genes coding for lysosomal enzymes essential to breakdown GAG. The inadequate degradation process leads to accumulation GAG in lysosome of diverse tissues, which interfere with cell functioning and leads to characteristic patterns of clinical, radiologic and biochemical problems. Patient appears to be healthy at birth and, symptoms start about 2-3 years of age. Clinical characteristics, radiographic findings, and notably enzyme assays have allowed us to make a clear diagnosis in these situations. There are extremely few cases of MPS VI reported in India. Here we are reporting a case of 14 yr. old female patient with a combination of clinical, radiological and biochemical characteristics confirmed as a case of MPS type VI. This example illustrates that atypical clinical symptom, such as growth failure, coarse facial features, and joint difficulties, are key pointers for further investigations linked to MPS disease. However, in low- and middle-income countries, it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis of one of the MPS due to insufficient enzyme assay.
Generation is a Verb
Authors: Winkelman A.M. 
Published: February 2025

It seems that the difference between generations is usually discussed
from the positions of extremes: the elders say that they do not understand
the younger, and the younger ones say that they do not understand the
elders. Now I am somewhere in the middle and therefore I would like to tell
about my experience of understanding the topic of generations. On the one
hand, this text is almost philosophical, because generation is a key
historical category. On the other hand, I tried to show the fundamental
nature of this category through a personal story in which all generations –
from Thales to my first students – are inextricably linked. Generation is
not a frozen concept, not a given, but an action and an effort, generation
is a verb.
Fabry disease in women: beyond the role of “carriers”
Authors: Barba-Romero Miguel-Ángel , Sánchez-Martínez Rosario 
Published: February 2025

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease resulting from a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A, caused by mutations in the GLA gene. This leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide and its deacylated derivate globotriaosylsphingosine. Such non-metabolized substrates accumulate in cells and tissues throughout the body, resulting in significant morbidity, predominately in the kidneys, heart, and nervous system, and impaired quality of life. While FD was initially considered to predominantly affect men, women with this condition may manifest a wide array of clinical symptoms and, in some cases, a significant multi-systemic pathology similar to men. This has been mainly attributed to skewed X-chromosome inactivation, which causes different enzyme activity levels within tissues and organs. The diagnosis of FD in women is often delayed due to the initial non-specificity of presenting symptoms and the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. The enzyme activities in the leukocytes of a significant number of women with this condition fall within the normal range. Therefore, genetic analysis for mutations in GLA has become the gold standard for the diagnosis of FD in women. Unlike men, the current criteria proposed to start specific treatment for women with this condition can underestimate the appropriate time to do so and impede women from obtaining the benefits of early initiation. In addition, there is some evidence that women with FD are still at risk of being undertreated, unlike male patients.
Highlights
Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease
Similar to men, women may manifest a wide array of clinical symptoms
In some cases, organ damage is as severe as that observed in men
Skewed lyonization of the X-chromosome may cause this clinical heterogeneity
Genetic analysis for GLA mutations is necessary for diagnosis in women
Current guidelines indicate that women may be at risk of undertreatment
Follow-up and treatment criteria for women may require revision
A sociological investigation into the factors influencing women's political participation in South Africa: a qualitative approach
Authors: Sokani Andile , Thwala Sinelisiwe , Matseke Motlagabo 
Published: February 2025

This study examined the determinants affecting women's empowerment in political involvement within the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the Eastern Cape Province. A qualitative inductive technique was utilised to obtain insights from female ward and proportional representation councillors, involving 10 key informant interviews to examine their experiences in local governance. The research was based on feminist theories that underscore the necessity for social equality and the deconstruction of patriarchal frameworks within political situations. The results indicated that social support, knowledge, and accessible forums for women to articulate their perspectives were crucial in enabling women's active participation in local politics. The study emphasised the significance of executing existing policies and cultivating personal drive as essential factors for increasing women's political participation. The results highlighted the importance of establishing a supportive atmosphere that prioritises women for political roles and the need for chances for them to express their views. The research demonstrated that women's political drive and legacy are crucial in encouraging future generations of female leaders. This study offers a thorough analysis of the elements that can enhance women's empowerment in municipal politics, hence fostering greater female representation and involvement in decision-making processes.
A case study at Sumber Market on factors influencing beef demand among housewife consumers
Authors: Perwitasari Fitri Dian , Setiani Desi , Bastoni Bastoni , Arisandi Bayu 
Published: February 2025

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Beef demand has not been met by beef production household customers are among the many types of beef consumers. Household customers are one type of beef consumer among many others. The objectives of this study are 1. to analyze the factors influencing beef demand, 2. to determine what factors influence beef demand in Cirebon Regency Traditional Source Market, and 3. to analyze income elasticity, beef price demand, and cross elasticity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research method is a case study located in Sumber's traditional market. Respondents totaled 68 respondents housewives. Data analysis using multiple linear regression was conducted using SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study test simultaneously variable X, which has a real influence on variable Y. Factors that affect the demand for beef in the Sumber market are income and family size. The elasticity of demand for beef prices on weekdays is inelastic. While the price elasticity of demand for beef on the five days before Eid al-Adha and Eid fitri is positive if the price increases by 1%, the demand for beef will increase by 0.591 kg and 0.864 kg. The income elasticity is 0.343, which means that if there is a 1% increase in income, beef demand will increase by 0.343 kg. The positive income elasticity value indicates that people's income is directly proportional to beef consumption around the Sumber Sub-district area and beef is a normal good. Cross-elasticity is inelastic where if broiler meat prices increase by 1%, the demand for beef will increase by 0.319 kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>factors influencing beef demand Case study in traditional markets Sources It can be concluded that the factors influencing beef demand are income, number of family members and consumption. The elasticity of the demand for feeding, the price of beef, and the elasticity of the cross are inelastic.</p>
Challenging the 30 m Annulus Cement Requirement
Authors: Arild Øystein , Lohne Hans Petter , Ford Eric Patrick 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The permanent plugging and abandonment of a well requires the establishment of at least two barriers according to the NORSOK D-010 standard. In common practice, a barrier is either a cement plug from formation to formation, which is all cement, or a combination of existing cement behind the annulus, the casing steel itself and a cement plug inside the casing, see Figure 1. The latter case is a cheaper and preferred solution as milling can be avoided and thus reducing cost, environmental footprint and a number of potential operational hazards. The cement between the casing and the formation is called the cement sheath and has typically been in place since the well was constructed. The evaluation of the status of this barrier element after years of production – called verification in many standards – is conducted using different types of logs. Leakage through the cement sheath can happen in three ways; along the interface between the cement sheath and the casing, leakage through the bulk cement itself as the cement has a certain permeability, leakage in cracks or channels present in the cement sheath and finally leakage between the cement sheath and the formation. Significant leakage through the cement sheath prior to permanent P&A typically causes an increased annulus pressure, which is monitored and dealt with if it happens prior to permanent P&A.
In order to qualify the cement sheath when using the NORSOK D-010, 30 m of good bonding is required, i.e. the interface between casing surface and the cement is good in terms of that it most likely will not represent a leakage path along the interface, so called micro annuli. Logs are best at detecting interface phenomena and good logs means that we have strong indications that there are no micro annuli, but logs may also indicate weaknesses in the bulk cement between the casing and the formation.
While NORSOK D-010 has a set of plug length requirements, it might not necessary be the same in all countries (see for example [1] for an overview of plug length requirements). No matter what length criterion has been established, there is very little documentation of why the specific number was chosen. One could argue that it has been based on best practices and that there are no indications of reservoir fluid leakage from permanent P&A-ed well on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. It is also worth noting that the 30m requirement is independent of well and reservoir characteristics. This means that the 30 m applies to a high pressure high temperature case as well as to a low pressure low temperature case. There are special cases where deviations have been accepted and Norwegian regulations accept a risk-based approach to barrier construction and thus plug length, but by and large it is the NORSOK D-10 that is driving the construction of barrier elements in a permanent P&A-setting in Norway.
In-Situ Evaluation of Casing-Cement Debonding During Cooling
Authors: Feneuil B. , Larsen I. , Opedal N. , N’gouamba E. , Wiggen E. , Haug J. , Nordhus I. S. , Skorpa R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cement annulus is essential to prevent the migration of geological fluids along the well. However, temperature and pressure variations in the casing may damage the annulus and create leakage paths, either cracks in the cement or debonding (microannulus) at the interface with the casing or the rock. Understanding when damage occurs, and how severe it is, is essential to ensure safe operations. In this paper, we present experimental results obtained with the small-scale setup described in (Feneuil et al., 2024), and we study microannulus formation and geometry in two different samples. Both samples are prepared in the laboratory, they comprise of a Portland G cement cylinder (diameter 5 cm, height about 4 cm) placed around a 17-mm diameter steel casing. The setup allows for the evaluation of debonding between the casing and the cement by three different techniques: Pulse-Echo acoustic logging, gas-leakage tests and 3D visualization with X-ray Computed Tomography. With the first sample, we evaluate how the casing-cement bond changes during two temperature cycles from 23°C to -20°C. We show with the acoustic logging tests that cooling down the sample by 30°C below the curing temperature did not affect the casing-cement bond. Clear debonding was triggered after cooling down by 40°C, the former microannulus is heterogeneous, and does not provide a leakage path. The second sample contained a large pre-formed microannulus. The CT pictures show that the microannulus thickness reaches locally several 100 µm, however, the leakage tests reveal that the flow is constrained by the regions of smaller debonding, as the effective microannulus size is about 1 µm. In addition, we observe that the microannulus size is affected by the value of the confinement pressure. The setup and method described here will be further used to compare the efficiency of different sealing materials and as input for simulation work.