bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic optimisation of radial eddy current couplings
Authors: Canova A. , Freschi F. , Gruosso G. , Vusini B. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to obtain a fully analytical model of an eddy current coupler and to use it in a multi‐objective optimisation algorithm.Design/methodology/approachAnalytical expressions of device performances are adopted in the objective function and are obtained from a closed solution of the field problem. The optimisation has been carried out by considering both the torque and the momentum of inertia of the object. Two different structures have been considered.FindingsA fully analytical expression of the torque has been obtained for two different geometrical configurations. The optimisation procedure has been used to compare these structures and it is possible to observe that the DSPM performances are better than the SSPM ones.Research limitations/implicationsTo obtain a closed form of the torque function, the non‐linearities of the iron have been neglected. Nevertheless, in the optimisation procedure has been limited the magnetic flux density in the iron core to a feasible value in the linear part of the ferromagnetic characteristic. The thermal effects have been neglected.Pratical implicationsIn the industry, eddy current couplers can be used as transmission, dampers and brakes. The use of objective functions (OFs) in a closed formulation allows to perform a light optimisation from the point of view of the time computation and to drastically increase the development efficiency.Originality/valueIn this paper, a model for computing the electromagnetic behaviour of eddy current couplers is presented. The optimisation of both the torque and the inertia momentum allows to obtain good static and dynamic performances.
System optimization by multiobjective genetic algorithms and analysis of the coupling between variables, constraints and objectives
Authors: Régnier J. , Sareni B. , Roboam X. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper presents a methodology based on Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) for the design of electrical engineering systems. MOGAs allow one to optimize multiple heterogeneous criteria in complex systems, but also simplify couplings and sensitivity analysis by determining the evolution of design variables along the Pareto‐optimal front.Design/methodology/approachTo illustrate the use of MOGAs in electrical engineering, the optimal design of an electromechanical system has been investigated. A rather simplified case study dealing with the optimal dimensioning of an inverter – permanent magnet motor – reducer – load association is carried out to demonstrate the interest of the approach. The purpose is to simultaneously minimize two objectives: the global losses and the mass of the system. The system model is described by analytical model and we use the MOGA called NSGA‐II.FindingsFrom the extraction of Pareto‐optimal solutions, MOGAs facilitate the investigation of parametric sensitivity and the analysis of couplings in the system. Through a simple but typical academic problem dealing with the optimal dimensioning of a inverter – permanent magnet motor – reducer – load association, it has been shown that this multiobjectivea posterioriapproach could offer interesting outlooks in the global optimization and design of complex heterogeneous systems. The final choice between all Pareto‐optimal configurations can bea posterioridone in relation to other issues which have not been considered in the optimization process. In this paper, we illustrate this point by considering the cogging torque for the final decision.Originality/valueWe have proposed an original quantitative methodology based on correlation coefficients to characterize the system interactions.
LORETA‐contracting algorithm for solving EEG source distribution problems
Authors: Ma Xinshan , Guan Xin 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe electroencephalography (EEG) source tomography in bio‐electromagnetics is to estimate current dipole sources inside the brain from the measured electric potential distribution on the scalp surface. A traditional algorithm is the low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography algorithm (LORETA). In order to obtain high‐resolution tomography, the LORETA‐contracting algorithm is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe relation between the dipolar current source J at the nodes in source region and the potential U at the observed points on the scalp surface can be expressed as a matrix equation U=KJ after discretization. K is a coefficient matrix. Usually its simultaneous equation is an under‐determined system. The LORETA approach is to find out min‖BWJ‖2, under constraint U=KJ where B is the discrete Laplacian operator matrix, W is a weighting diagonal matrix. Its solution is J=(WBTBW)−1KT{K(WBTBW)−1KT}+U where {}+ denotes the Moore‐Penrose pseudo‐inverse matrix. The improvement on this approach is to establish an iterative program to repeat LORETA and reduce the number of unknown J quantities in the step i+1 by contracting the source region excluding some extreme little quantities of J given in the step i. The simultaneous equations will gradually turn to a properly determined system or to an over‐determined system. Finally, its solution can be obtained by using the least square method.FindingsRepeating to make the low‐resolution tomography by contracting the source region, we can get a high‐resolution tomography easily.Research limitations/implicationsThe LORETA‐contracting algorithm is based on the assumption that the dipolar current sources inside the brain are sparse and concentrated based on the physiological study of the brain activity.Originality/valueIt is new to repeat LORETA combined with the contracting technique. This algorithm can be developed to solve EEG problems of realistic head models.
Optimisation in electromagnetics with the space‐mapping technique
Authors: Echeverría D. , Lahaye D. , Encica L. , Hemker P.W. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeOptimisation in electromagnetics, based on finite element models, is often very time‐consuming. In this paper, we present the space‐mapping (SM) technique which aims at speeding up such procedures by exploiting auxiliary models that are less accurate but much cheaper to compute.Design/methodology/approachThe key element in this technique is the SM function. Its purpose is to relate the two models. The SM function, combined with the low accuracy model, makes a surrogate model that can be optimised more efficiently.FindingsBy two examples we show that the SM technique is effective. Further we show how the choice of the low accuracy model can influence the acceleration process. On one hand, taking into account more essential features of the problem helps speeding up the whole procedure. On the other hand, extremely simple auxiliary models can already yield a significant acceleration.Research limitations/implicationsObtaining the low accuracy model is not always straightforward. Some research could be done in this direction. The SM technique can also be applied iteratively, i.e. the auxiliary model is optimised aided by a coarser one. Thus, the generation of hierarchies of models seems to be a promising venue for the SM technique.Originality/valueOptimisation in electromagnetics, based on finite element models, is often very time‐consuming. The results given show that the SM technique is effective for speeding up such procedures.
Analytical model for the optimal design of a brushless DC wheel motor
Authors: Brisset S. , Brochet P. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAnalytical models are often used in the first steps of the design process. They are associated with optimisation methods to find a solution that fulfil the design specifications. In this paper, the analytical model of an electric motor is built and proposed as a benchmark to highlight the optimisation methods the most fitted to analytical models.Design/methodology/approachThis paper studies the optimal design of a brushless DC wheel motor. First, the analytical model is presented. Each equation used for the sizing is described, including the physical phenomenon associated, the hypotheses done, and some precautions to take before computing. All equations are ordered to ease their resolution, due to a specific procedure which is then described. Secondly, three optimisation problems with an increasing number of parameters and constraints are proposed. Finally, the results found by the sequential quadratic method point out the special features of this benchmark.FindingsThe constraint optimisation problem proposed is clearly multimodal as shown in the results of one deterministic method. Many starting points were used to initialise the optimisation methods and lead to two very different solutions.Originality/valueFirst, an analytical model for the optimal design is detailed and each equation is explained. A specific procedure is presented to order all equations in order to ease their resolution. Secondly, a multimodal benchmark is proposed to promote the development of hybrid methods and special heuristics.
Product personality and its influence on consumer preference
Authors: Govers P.C.M. , Schoormans J.P.L. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeBeyond their functional utility products have a symbolic meaning. Parts of this symbolic meaning are accounted for by concepts like brand personality and product‐user image, which describe the symbolic meaning associated with the brand or product class. However, the physical product also carries symbolic meaning. That part of the symbolic meaning that refers to the physical product itself, and is described with human personality characteristics, is called product personality. The purpose of this article is to show that product personality positively influences consumer preference through a congruence effect.Design/methodology/approachA two‐phase study was conducted. In the first phase, product‐personality congruence was measured. The second phase was used to establish user‐image congruence.FindingsThe results indicate that people prefer products with a product personality that matches their self‐image. Moreover, this positive effect of product‐personality congruence is found to be independent of the user‐image congruence effect.Originality/valuePrevious research has shown that product variants can be designed to have a specific personality. This study has shown that product‐personality congruence has a positive effect on consumer preference.
Shades of green: linking environmental locus of control and pro‐environmental behaviors
Authors: Cleveland Mark , Kalamas Maria , Laroche Michel 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to examine the impact of various attitudes and personality characteristics on environmentally‐friendly behaviors, from a locus of control (LOC) perspective. Specifically, we developed and tested a model linking a related construct, environmental locus of control (ELOC), to a series of pro‐environmental behaviors.Design/methodology/approachThe context related to various personal and household behaviors vis‐à‐vis the environment, and the subject pool consisted of a diverse group of urban consumers. A survey was employed to measure various attitudinal and personality variables corresponding to internal/external locus of control, as well as a battery of pro‐environmental behaviors. The research propositions were tested using a structural equation modeling approach.FindingsWe found four distinct dimensions of ELOC, two of which relate to an external LOC (“biospheric‐altruism” and “corporate skepticism”) and the other two relate to an internal LOC (“economic motivation” and “individual recycling efforts”). We then linked these four dimensions to a variety of pro‐environmental behaviors. Highly variable patterns were obtained, with different dimensions assuming a greater or lesser impact, or no role at all, depending on the specific behavior under analysis.Research limitations/implicationsGeneralizability of the findings is limited due to the sample (urban consumers from one major city), and the method employed (validity of self‐report measures and the non‐experimental nature of the field study).Practical implicationsOur findings highlight the importance of considering the specificity of pro‐environmental behaviors, when assessing the antecedent roles of pro‐environmental attitudes/dispositions, which are in‐and‐of‐themselves, complex and multidimensional.Originality/valueIn this era of environmental degradation, researchers, managers, and public policy makers alike need to consider that pro‐environmental attitudes are composed of multiple dispositional facets, and that the role of these facets is highly context‐specific.
Our Byzantine heritage: consumption of the past and its experiential benefits
Authors: Chronis Athinodoros 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore consumers' attraction to the past and the experiential benefits associated with past‐related consumption practices.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive study was undertaken using a heritage exhibition in Greece as an appropriate context. A total of 49 interviews using the central premises of phenomenological research were conducted in which 82 individuals participated. Informants were asked to elaborate on their consumption experience. Verbal data were analyzed and interpreted using theoretical guidance by Lowenthal's pioneering work on people's attraction to the past.FindingsSix experiential benefits are found that are prevalent among consumers in their contact with the past: the experience of knowledge, cultural identity, cultural values, escape in time, aesthetic appreciation, and narrative connection. These benefits are embedded on existing cultural narratives that are further enriched through consumption practices. Moreover, the beneficial consumption outcomes of the past are mediated by imagination that functions as a “linking glue” and a “creative force” in the construction of narrative vignettes.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this discovery‐oriented study provides insight into the consumption of the past, its exploratory nature does not guarantee generalizability beyond the convenience sample employed and the specific context. Further research should also investigate the extent to which the specific consumer benefits are prevalent in other consumption experiences.Practical implicationsThis research provides orientation for the management of experiential products. Marketers can facilitate consumer experiences through the appropriate staging of the servicescape in both substantive and communicating ways. Specific direction can be taken by paying attention to each of the identified experiential benefits.Originality/valueAs experiential consumption rises in consumer research, it is of paramount importance to elucidate what drives consumers in participating and enjoying various consumption experiences. This study provides theoretical guidance to researchers in the area of experiential consumption by elaborating on the benefits associated with the consumption of the past. It also offers suggestions to practitioners for the appropriate management of an experiential servicescape.
The impact of customer relationship marketing on the firm performance: a Spanish case
Authors: Camarero Izquierdo Carmen , Gutiérrez Cillán Jesús , San Martín Gutiérrez Sonia 
Published: July 2005

PurposeWhile a vast number of studies have pointed out the keys of relationship marketing practices in consumer markets, little attention has been paid to the value the organization can get from such strategies. The literature provides relatively little support for the effectiveness of relationship marketing programs. The purpose of this research is to produce some evidence of the association between customer relationship marketing strategies and the market and economic performance of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses are tested in the case of car repair and maintenance services, as a case where long‐term relationships are frequent. The hypotheses were evaluated using a path analysis, which associates relationship marketing activities with market performance (customers' perceptions, market position and loyalty) and market performance with economic performance.FindingsThe findings suggest that the effect of attraction and loyalty programs is greater on market performance than on economic performance. Furthermore, the results show that attracting customers through a good service quality and reaching a good position in the market have greater impact on economic results than loyalty.Practical implicationsAs a managerial implication, the authors suggest that service providers should put their efforts on improving quality rather than on promotion, advertising or economic bonus to customers.Originality/valueThis article realizes the importance of product and service quality rather than promotions, advertising or economic bonuses in retaining customer loyalty.
Identifying the attitudes and traits of teachers with an at‐risk student population in a multi‐cultural urban high school
Authors: Calabrese Raymond L. , Goodvin Sherry , Niles Rae 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo identify the attitudes and traits of teachers with an at‐risk student population in a multi‐cultural urban high school.Design/methodology/approachA research team consisting of doctoral students and their faculty advisor used an appreciative inquiry model to identify attitudes and traits of teachers who supported effective teaching in an urban high school with a high at‐risk student population.FindingsThe research team's findings indicate that those perceived as effective teachers were culturally responsive, sought small successes, encouraged students, flexible, and caring. They also formed meaningful relationships with students, had caring attitudes, and viewed themselves as difference‐makers. The research team also found a number of non‐supportive teacher attitudes and traits: blaming, racial attitudes, frustration leading to inflexibility, co‐dependency leading to encouraging the neediness of students, and lack of respect for the contributions made by the surrounding community and parents.Originality/valueTeachers, administrators, and counselors agreed that forming relationships and caring for students were at the core of the attitudes and traits of effective teaching. Moreover, teachers with effective attitudes and traits were seen as having the ability to integrate into the school and surrounding community's culture to encourage students to succeed in school.
The (un)intended outcome of public sector performance measurement
Authors: Adcroft Andy , Willis Robert 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo consider the extent to which regimes of performance measurement in the public sector are fit for purpose, and the likely outcomes for public services and public sector workers of such performance measurement systems.Design/methodology/approachThe article considers four key issues: the context and content of performance measurement in the public sector, the specific examples of health care and higher education, the limitations of performance measurement systems, and the likely outcomes of performance measurement systems.FindingsCurrent systems of performance measurement in the public sector are unlikely to have a significant influence on improving services. The most likely outcomes of these systems is further commodification of services and deprofessionalisation of public sector workers.Originality/valueThe article builds on established literature and offers a systematic metaphor‐driven critique of performance management in the public sector, and discusses the implications of this.
Civil Service resiliency and coping
Authors: Caverley Natasha 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to explore the interrelationship between workplace stress, coping and resiliency and their influence on employee health and productivity.Design/methodology/approachThis general review includes an examination of selected theoretical models within the areas of stress, coping and resiliency. In addition, a conceptual framework is presented which emphasizes the role that personality characteristics and coping strategies play in impacting employees' overall health and productivity within the workplace.FindingsThrough this general review, there is a recognition of the importance of both personality characteristics and coping strategies and their associated influence on employee health and productivity – specifically within Civil Service work settings.Practical implicationsManagers, executives and human resource management practitioners are presented with proposed strategies as a means of examining coping, resiliency and workplace stress within Civil Service work environments.Originality/valueThis article offers readers further insights into understanding why some employees are more or less resilient, given the same stressful situation. In today's Civil Service work environment, continually shifting performance expectations and media/public scrutiny are just two of the features common to working for government agencies. Therefore, the issue of understanding and building resilient Civil Service workforces that are able to handle the multitude of unique demands and constraints placed on them seems not only intriguing, but necessary.
Narrative, identity and change: a case study of Laskarina Holidays
Authors: Brown Andrew D. , Humphreys Michael , Gurney Paul M. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to the understanding of organizational identity through an analysis of shared identity narratives at the UK‐based specialist tour operator Laskarina Holidays.Design/methodology/approachPredicated on a view of organizations as linguistic constructs, it is argued that individual and collective identities are narrative accomplishments, and that organizations tend often to be characterised by identity multiplicity.FindingsA case study is presented featuring three distinctive but interwoven collective identity narratives (which are labelled “utilitarian”, “normative” and “hedonic”), and these are contrasted with some “dissonant” voices. It is argued that change in organizations is, at least in part, constituted by alterations in people's understandings, encoded in narratives, and shared in conversations.Originality/valueThe research contribution that this paper makes is twofold. First, it makes an argument for theorizing organizational identities as narratives, constituted within discursive regimes, and continuously changing as they are created and re‐created by all participants. Second, it suggests that the narratological approach to theorizing and researching organizational identities is important because it both assists one's efforts to analyze identities as the outcomes of processes of hegemonic imposition and resistance, and allows one to read polysemy back into ethnographic research.