bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate Medical Students’ Preferred Choices of Learning Style, Teaching Pedagogies and Assessment methods in the Ophthalmology Module at National Defence University of Malaysia
Authors: Reddy Sagili Chandrasekhara 
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify the students’ preferred choices of learning style, to determine their preferred teaching pedagogies and assessment methods in the Ophthalmology module of undergraduate medical course.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 97 consecutive medical students of year 4 Ophthalmology posting in the Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, over a period of two academic years. Each student was given a structured questionnaire, after completing their clinical rotation posting examination, for his/her responses to determine their preferred choices of learning style, teaching pedagogies and assessment methods in the Ophthalmology module. The students were asked to circle their preferred choice of the responses given for each question for the above mentioned three methods. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and the frequency of variables were expressed as percentage.
Results: Out of 97 consecutive students in this study, females were slightly more (52.6%) than males, and the mean age was 23.5 years (range 23-24 years). A combination of various methods of learning style that included reading, hearing, seeing, and practicing of skills was used by 75.3% of students. Majority of the students preferred their method of learning by reading the lecture notes/handouts (68%). The most preferred method of students’ learning by hearing was case discussion (53.6%); while for learning by vision (seeing) it was clinics session (60.8%). More than 3/4 of the students preferred to learn their practicing skills on real patients (83.5%). The most preferred teaching method by the students was bed side teaching (52.6%); and in lectures/seminars it was using both power point presentation and explaining on the board with marker pen (71.1%). In the end of posting theory examination, 45.4% of students preferred assessment method which was a combination of multiple choice (true/false) questions and single best answer questions, while in the objective structured clinical examination it was a combination of interactive station with patient and non-interactive stations without patients (48.5%).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, an effective learning and teaching environment for the students during their two weeks duration Ophthalmology posting will be modified by the educators in the future academic years so that the students will be encouraged for better performance in their end of posting examination as well as in the final professional examination. Every tool of assessment used in the medical course should be made clear to the students and the students should practice them during the postings period, in order to perform better during the evaluation in the examination.
Design of a Model Predictive Controlled Single‐Stage Boost Assisted High Frequency Inverter for Wireless EV Charging System
Authors: Venugopal R. , Balaji C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article proposes a new Wireless EV charging system with a single stage boost assisted flyback (SSBAFB) inverter. Also, this presents Model predictive (MP) control for the proposed system. The key merits of the proposed SSBAFB inverter are better efficiency (boost stage optimizes the energy transfer), cost‐effectiveness, possibility of integrating with renewable sources. The significant features of MP control are predictive performance, better dynamic response, multi‐objective control, robustness, and many more. In the literature, two MP controls were employed, one on the transmitter side and the other on the receiver side for controlling efficiency and load regulation respectively. The proposed MP‐controlled SSBAFB inverter‐based WPT system utilizes single MP control, which can attend to both load regulation and efficiency enhancement. To validate the performance of the proposed WPT system, a 3.3 kW laboratory model has been developed. The steady‐state and dynamic performance of the proposed system under closed‐loop control exhibits better performance. The comparison of the proposed converter with possible converter topologies shows that the proposed converter stands out in producing high efficiency. A comparative study of the proposed MP controller with other conventional controls proves that the proposed MP controller offers better steady‐state stability and fast dynamic responses.
Lattice Hydrogen Boosts CO Tolerance of Pd Anode Catalysts in High‐Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Huang Gen , Wu Yujie , Li Yingying , Du Shiqian , Liu Qie , Li Miaoyu , Zhang Dongcai , Jiang Zuyao , Zhong Siyu , Lu Shanfu , Tao Li , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs) demonstrate crude hydrogen can be a cost‐effective fuel source. However, the performance of HT‐PEMFCs is hindered by challenges such as high‐concentration CO poisoning and preferential adsorption of H3PO4 on electrocatalysts. This study explores the performance of Pt group metals as anode catalysts, specifically focusing on hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) activity, H3PO4 tolerance, and CO tolerance under operational conditions in HT‐PEMFCs. The results reveal that all Pt‐group catalysts significantly improve HOR activity with increasing reaction temperature. Notably, Pd‐based catalysts demonstrate superior H3PO4 tolerance and CO tolerance. HT‐PEMFCs using Pd/C as the anode catalyst maintain the highest output power density, achieving a remarkable 6.4‐fold performance compared to Pt/C catalysts and superior stability in the presence of 3%–10% CO in H2. Both experimental and theoretical investigations have consistently demonstrated that Pd possesses the weakest CO adsorption energy, the existence of CO in crude H2 in HT‐PEMFCs inhibits hydrogen overflow from the lattice interstitial space of Pd, and the trapped lattice hydrogen further promotes the desorption of CO. This research contributes to the advancement of direct utilizing industrial crude hydrogen as a fuel for HT‐PEMFCs and offers invaluable insights into reactions involving CO.
A Hydrogel Engineered with Semiconductive MnPSe3 Nanosheets as an Integrative Sonosensitizer/Fenton‐Like Catalyst/Nutrient for Melanoma Postoperative Care
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Huang Jimin , Huang Jinzhou , Shi Zhe , Niu Huicong , Zheng Yi , Wang Xiao , Wu Chengtie , Chen Jiajie , Liu Ping , Zhu Yufang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe simultaneous inhibition of tumor recurrence and promotion of wound healing are critical for patients undergoing melanoma surgery. However, the development of an effective yet straightforward platform that meets the comprehensive therapeutic requirements of clinical melanoma postoperative care still remains a significant challenge. Herein, a 2D semiconductive MnPSe3 nanosheets (MPS NSs)‐engineered sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel dressing (SA‐MPS) is developed. The MPS NSs, a member of the ternary transition metal phosphorous chalcogenides (TMPCs), are successfully prepared through an ultrasonic‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation approach from bulk MnPSe3. These nanosheets exhibit the integrative functions of sonosensitizers, Fenton‐like catalysts, glutathione (GSH) scavengers, and phosphorus (P)/selenium (Se)‐containing nutrients. In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that the SA‐MPS hydrogel dressing possesses excellent biocompatibility and is effective for combined sonodynamic/chemodynamic therapy (SDT/CDT) of tumors, with amplified reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Additionally, it promotes skin regeneration in postoperative wounds by supplying bioactive P/Se elements. Hence, such a multifunctional SA‐MPS hydrogel dressing without complex integration offers great potential for suppressing postoperative melanoma recurrence while facilitating wound healing, making it a promising candidate for melanoma postoperative care.
Temperature‐Mediated Controllable Adhesive Hydrogels with Remarkable Wet Adhesion Properties Based on Dynamic Interchain Interactions
Authors: Wu Che , Cheng Yan , Wang Kai , Ni Yimeng , Wang Wenyi , Wu Ruizi , Huang Jianying , Lai Yuekun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWith the increasing demand in fields such as wearable sensors, soft robotics, tissue engineering, and wound dressings, the development of hydrogels with strong adhesion in wet environments has become a critical focus of research. However, most existing adhesive materials lack the ability to transition rapidly and reversibly between the adhesive and nonadhesive states, and their adhesion is often limited to a single wet environment. In this study, a smart interfacial adhesive hydrogel with tunable adhesion properties across diverse liquid environments is presented. By tailoring interchain interactions and leveraging electrostatically induced traction between hydrophilic and hydrophobic chain segments, the hydrogel achieves reversible adhesion modulation in response to temperature changes while maintaining strong wet adhesion. Notably, its adhesive strength at elevated temperatures (45 °C) is approximately three times greater than at lower temperatures (5 °C). The adhesive hydrogel exhibits an adhesive strength of 227 kPa in aqueous environments and 213 kPa in oil‐containing environments. This innovative design strategy enables the hydrogel to exhibit broad switchable, and dynamic wet adhesion capabilities, unlocking significant potential for a wide range of applications.
Microneedle Array‐Based Dermal Interstitial Fluid Biopsy for Cancer Diagnosis: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Merzougui Chaima , Yang Xi , Meng Dianhuai , Huang Yan , Zhao Xiangwei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent early cancer diagnostic technologies, such as imaging, molecular tests, endoscopic techniques, and biopsies, face considerable challenges in low‐and middle‐income countries (LMICs) due to high costs, procedural complexity, and limited resource access. Microneedle‐based liquid biopsy for skin interstitial fluid (ISF) offers a practical and minimally invasive alternative for cancer diagnosis in these settings. This review systematically examines ISF liquid biopsy methods for their effectiveness in capturing cancer biomarkers directly from the skin and assesses their potential to address diagnostic needs in low‐resource environments. Recent innovations in microneedle design and ISF underscore their potential in enabling early, accessible cancer detection tailored to LMICs' needs. Additionally, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for data interpretation is proposed as a way to enhance diagnostic accuracy and enable real‐time point‐of‐care (POC) applications. Collectively, these advances illustrate a flexible, scalable model for accessible cancer diagnostics, with significant implications for improving early detection and healthcare quality in resource‐limited environments.
Broadband Near‐Infrared Fibers Derived from Nanocrystal‐Glass Composites for Miniature Arrays Light Sources
Authors: Sun Yongsheng , Sun Min , Lun Zhenjie , Liu Gaochao , Huang Yupeng , Chen Weibin , Wang Yuzhen , Huang Haozhang , Chen Qianyi , Li Jialong , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBroadband near‐infrared (NIR) fiber arrays are highly desirable for multiplexed fluorescence endoscopic, however, there is a challenge for the development of miniature light sources with highly efficient broadband NIR emissions. Here the synthesis of a MgAl2O4:Cr3+ nanocrystal‐glass composite (NGC) with an Cr3+‐clusters‐induced broadband NIR emission possessing is presented and external quantum efficiency of 44% and a full width at half maximum of 297 nm, and the NGC fiber is further fabricated through a template solidification strategy, resulting in the construction of an all‐fiber coupling system by fusing them with commercial quartz fiber that achieves an optical coupling efficiency of 95.2%. Furthermore, these NGC fibers are regularly arranged into fiber bundle as an array light source to enhance NIR luminescence and imaging ability, and the fluorescence imaging of 4 mm biological tissue penetration is realized, as well as the multiplexed fluorescence imaging, under the irradiation of the NIR fiber bundle. This study provides general and efficient fiber fabrication guidelines toward NIR array light sources, opening the new routes for fluorescence endoscopes.
Unlocking Time‐Dependent Visual Response Mode Through Regulating the Photo‐Induced Local Structure Evolution Process of C@TiO2:Sm,N
Authors: Wang Fangke , He Ruiling , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhu Lin , Xu Zhixin , Qin Zengming , Zhang Ji , Xie Haijiao , Wang Kangjun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA new time‐dependent dual‐mode visual response system is developed based on C@TiO2:Sm,N/PVA film. In situ irradiation (ISI)–electron paramagnetic resonance and ISI–X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations reveal that the visual response behavior is attributed to the dynamic evolution of a distinct local structure containing TiO6, TiO5N, and SmO6 units connected via the bridging oxygen atom. Upon UV irradiation, the localization of the photogenerated electrons induces a rapid release of bridging oxygen atoms, creating oxygen vacancies, effectively hindering the energy transfer from TiO2 to Sm3+ and resulting in a strong luminescence modulation that reaches the theoretical maximum (99.9%) within 1 s. With prolonged UV exposure (3–20 s), the bridging oxygen vacancies act as electron traps, and the photogenerated electrons accumulate around the Ti atoms near them. This causes the film to transition from white to dark blue, achieving a high photochromic contrast (51.4%). A foundation for advanced information encryption and anticounterfeiting is established based on the different time scales of luminescence modulation and photochromism. This study confirms the application potential of the film in “burn after reading” and dynamic information encryptions and advanced anticounterfeiting labels, and it offers comprehensive insights into the design of smart photoresponsive materials.
Peptide‐Bound Aflibercept Eye Drops for Treatment of Neovascular Age‐Related Macular Degeneration in Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Fan Xingyan , Jiang Kuan , Zhao Yongqian , Lee Benjamin TK , Geng Feiyang , Brelen Marten E , Lu Weiyue , Wei Gang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe advent of biomacromolecules antagonizing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has revolutionized the treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, frequent intravitreal injections of these biomacromolecules impose an enormous burden on patients and create a massive workload for healthcare providers. This causes patients to abandon therapy, ultimately leading to progressive and irreversible vision loss. In order to address this unmet clinical need, a noninvasive treatment for nAMD is developed. An optimized cell‐penetrating peptide derivative, bxyPenetratin (bxyWP), is used to non‐covalently complex with the anti‐VEGF protein aflibercept (AFL) via reversible hydrophobic interaction. The interaction is crucial for AFL delivery, neither impairing the affinity of AFL to pathological VEGF, nor being interfered by endogenous proteins in tear fluids. AFL/bxyWP eye drops exhibit prolonged retention on the eye and excellent absorption into the posterior ocular segment following topical administration, with significant drug distribution to the retina and choroid. In a laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization model on cynomolgus monkeys, AFL/bxyWP eye drops efficiently reduce lesion size and leakage comparable to conventional intravitreal injection of AFL. These results suggest that AFL/bxyWP eye drops are feasible self‐administered treatment for neovascular retinal diseases and potentially become a substitute for intravitreal injections.
Practical and Versatile Sodium‐Ion Batteries Realized With Nitrile‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Gaopan , Zhang Kai , Cao Yongjie , Hou Runqiao , Wang Yonggang , Dong Xiaoli , Xia Yongyao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) hold tremendous potential in next‐generation energy storage. However, no SIB has yet achieved simultaneous support for high voltage, rapid charging, and all‐climate adaptability due to electrolyte limitations. This study successfully constructs versatile SIBs using an optimized acetonitrile (AN)‐based electrolyte, which offers excellent high‐voltage tolerance, high ionic conductivity, anion‐enriched solvation structure, and a wide liquidus temperature range. The engineered solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) exhibits low resistance and exceptional stability, effectively supporting fast charging, temperature‐adaptive operation, and long‐term cycling stability. Consequently, this tailored electrolyte, combined with a robust SEI, enables hard carbon (HC) anodes to achieve a high reversible capacity of 223 mAh g−1 at a fast rate of 5 C. When paired with a high‐voltage NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) cathode, the HC||NFM full cells operate stably at a high cut‐off voltage of 4.15 V, sustaining over 1400 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, a practical 3 Ah pouch cell demonstrates excellent stability, retaining 90.7% of its capacity after 1000 cycles, and shows all‐climate adaptability, maintaining 56.4% of its room‐temperature capacity at −60 °C and 97.3% retention after 350 cycles at 50 °C. This work provides valuable insights for developing advanced electrolytes for versatile and practical SIBs.
New strategy for predicting liquid–liquid equilibrium near critical point using global renormalization group theory
Authors: Shih Yen‐Jen , Lin Shiang‐Tai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractClassical liquid activity coefficient models, such as the nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL) model, fail near the critical point of the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE), unless a highly nonlinear temperature dependency is introduced for the molecular interaction parameters. In this work, we propose an approach to predict the LLE data near the critical point using data away from the critical region based on the global renormalization group theory (GRGT). Specifically, we propose a non‐empirical approach to determine the GRGT parameters, which does not rely on experimental data. The performance of our method is examined using the NRTL model on 21 binary mixtures. Our results show that the predictive approach proposed in this work reduces the error in the critical solution temperatures by about 48% when compared to the classical NRTL model with linear temperature‐dependent interaction parameters.
Access to Quaternary‐Substituted Cyclobutylsilanes by Ring Opening of Arylbicyclobutanes with Silyllithium Reagents
Authors: Sercel Zachary P. , Marek Ilan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDisclosed herein is the reaction of silyllithium reagents with quaternary‐substituted arylbicyclobutanes to diastereoselectively form polysubstituted cyclobutylsilanes by C−C bond cleavage. The bicyclobutanes are generated in situ, by lithium‐halogen exchange, from readily accessible (bromomethyl)iodocyclopropane precursors, rendering this a one‐pot transformation. The trapping of a generated cyclobutyllithium intermediate with an electrophile was also demonstrated, providing a cyclobutane product with vicinal quaternary stereocenters. The utility of the cyclobutylsilane products was showcased by Tamao−Fleming oxidation to prepare a quaternary‐substituted cyclobutanol.
Non‐template Tailored Macrocyclic Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, Biological and Computational Studies
Authors: Kumar Jai , Kumar Ramesh , Singh Devender , Kumar Harish , Jangra Arti , Gupta Praveen Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSome novel biologically active tetraaza‐macrocyclic complexes of Fe (III) and Cr (III) were synthesized by non‐template method. In this methodology, first macrocyclic ligand was synthesized by condensation reaction between triethylenetetramine and dimedone which was further reacted with trivalent Fe and Cr ions to synthesize the macrocyclic complexes having general formula [M(C14H26N4)(X)](X)2 where X represents Cl−, NO3−, CH3COO−. Various physiochemical studies suggested the square pyramidal geometry around the metal ion of all complexes. With the aid of PXRD technique, it was found that some of the complexes possessed monoclinic crystal system while other complexes showed to have orthorhombic crystal system. The DFT study was also carried out to examine the various quantum descriptors of ligand and its complexes. Moreover, newly synthesized macrocyclic ligand and its complexes with Fe and Cr ions were tested against fungal strain as well various bacterial strains. The results of antibacterial study showed that all complexes exhibited remarkable ability to inhibit the growth of microbes as compared to ligand. All complexes were found to have drug‐likeness behavior as indicated by in‐silico studies. Furthermore, these complexes were also tested for their antioxidant activity and it was observed that complexes showed better antioxidant activity as compared to ligand and standard solution of ascorbic acid.
Genome‐wide aggregated trans‐ effects analysis identifies genes encoding immune checkpoints as core genes for rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Spiliopoulou Athina , Iakovliev Andrii , Plant Darren , Sutcliffe Megan , Sharma Seema , Cubuk Cankut , Lewis Myles , Pitzalis Costantino , Barton Anne , McKeigue Paul M 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe sparse effector “omnigenic” hypothesis postulates that the polygenic effects of common SNPs on a typical complex trait are mediated by trans‐ effects that coalesce on expression of a relatively sparse set of core genes. The objective of this study was to identify core genes for rheumatoid arthritis by testing for association of rheumatoid arthritis with genome‐wide aggregated trans‐ effects (GATE) scores for expression of each gene as transcript in whole blood or as circulating protein levels.MethodsGATE scores were calculated for 5400 cases and 453705 non‐cases of primary rheumatoid arthritis in UK Biobank participants of European ancestry.ResultsTesting for association with GATE scores identified 16 putative core genes for rheumatoid arthritis outside the HLA region, of which six – TP53BP1, PDCD1, TNFRSF14, LAIR1, LILRA4, and IDO1 – were supported by Mendelian randomization analysis based on the marginal likelihood of the causal effect parameter. Five of these 16 genes were validated by a reported association of rheumatoid arthritis with SNPs within 200 kb of the transcription site, 8 by association of the measured protein level with rheumatoid arthritis in UK Biobank, 10 by experimental perturbation in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis, and two – CTLA4 and PDCD1 – by evidence that drugs targeting the gene cause or ameliorate inflammatory arthritis in humans. 14 of these 16 genes are in pathways affecting immunity or inflammation and six – CD5, CTLA4, TIGIT, LAIR1, TNFRSF14, PDCD1 – encode receptors that have been characterized as immune checkpoints exploited by cancer cells to escape the immune response.ConclusionThese results highlight the key role of immune checkpoints in rheumatoid arthritis and identify possible therapeutic targets.