bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated Morphological and Immunohistochemical Profile of Neuroendocrine Tumors Developed in Ovarian Teratomas: A Large Series of a Rare and Heterogeneous Disease
Authors: Leclerc Julie , Genestie Catherine , Chen Ruiqian , Hentic Olivia , Koskas Martin , Gouy Sebastien , Scoazec Jean-Yves , Couvelard Anne , Bucau Margot 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Introduction Ovarian carcinoid tumors are rare, often arising within a mature teratoma of the ovary. No recent reevaluation of the immunophenotype of these tumors with the new markers available in the field of neuroendocrine neoplasms has been performed. The objectives were to describe the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) arising from ovarian teratomas, to correlate them with the type of teratomatous epithelial components present and to evaluate their proliferative capacities using the WHO recommendations for gastroenteropancreatic NETs. Materials and Methods This is a bi-centric retrospective study using a panel of differentiation markers (chromogranin-A, Synaptophysin, CDX2, SATB2, TTF1, PAX8, Islet-1, Serotonin and Calcitonin) and Ki-67 proliferation. Results The 34 NETs studied were unilateral and presented four distinct immunophenotypic profiles: 8 NETs expressed serotonin and CDX2 (small intestine profile), 12 SATB2 (colorectal profile), one TTF1 (thoracic profile) and 4 “null” cases expressed none of the above markers. Ki-67 index ranged from 0 to 19.82% (median: 1.51%). 28 cases were of grade 1 (84.8%), 5 grade of 2 (15.2%). They were associated with squamous (n = 26), respiratory (n = 23), thyroid (n = 10) and gastrointestinal (n = 5) components. Discussion and Conclusion The main type of NET is intestinal (large or small intestine) phenotype, but rarely accompanied with the corresponding digestive tissue in the surrounding teratoma. This suggests that the cell of origin might be a neuroendocrine precursor present in the teratoma, and confirms that primary NETs arising in ovarian teratoma should not be classified or named according to the type of the surrounding teratoma tissue.
Assessing the Clinical Impact of Cardiac Intensivists in Adult Cardiac Care Units: Results from the RESCUE registry
Authors: Bae Dae-Hwan , Lee Sang Yeub , Bae Jang-Whan , Yang Jeong Hoon , Ko Young-Guk , Ahn Chul-Min , Yu Cheol Woong , Chun Woo Jung , Jang Woo Jin , Kim Hyun-Joong , Kim Bum Sung , Kwon Sung Uk , Kim Je Sang , Lee Wang Soo , Jeong Jin-Ok , Park Sang-Don , Lim Seong-Hoon , Cho Sungsoo , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: Presence of dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) physicians is associated with reduced ICU mortality. However, the information available on the role of cardiac intensivists in cardiac intensive care units (CICU) is limited. Therefore, we investigated the association of cardiac intensivist–directed care with clinical outcomes in adult patients admitted to CICU.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we extracted data from the SMART-RESCUE registry, a multicenter, retrospective, and prospective registry of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock (CS). Overall, 1,247 patients with CS were enrolled, between January 2014 and December 2018, from 12 tertiary centers in Korea. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the involvement of a cardiac intensivist in their care. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality rate.
Results: The all-cause mortality rate was 33.6%. The in-hospital mortality rate was lower (25.4%) in the cardiac intensivist group than in the non-cardiac intensivist group (40.1%). Cardiac death rates were 20.5 and 35.4% in the cardiac intensivist and non-cardiac intensivist groups, respectively. In patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, the mortality rate at centers with cardiac intensivists was 38.0%, whereas that at centers without cardiac intensivists was 62.2%. The dopamine use was lower, norepinephrine use was higher, and vasoactive-inotropic score was lower in the cardiac intensivist group than in the non-cardiac intensivist group.
Conclusion: Involvement of a cardiac intensivist in CICU patient care was associated with reduction in in-hospital mortality, and administration of low dose of vasopressors and inotropes according to the cardiogenic shock guidelines.
Evaluation of the performance of a CdZnTe-based soft gamma-ray detector for CubeSat payloads
Authors: Pal Partha Sarathi , de Kuijper Kees , Diwan Rishank , Kong Andy C. T. , Parkinson Pablo M. Saz , Ritter Andreas , Parker Quentin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The purpose of writing this paper is: The low-energy $\gamma$-ray (0.1-30 MeV) sky has been relatively unexplored since the decommissioning of the COMPTEL instrument on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) satellite in 2000. However, the study of this part of the energy spectrum (the ''MeV gap") is crucial for addressing numerous unresolved questions in high-energy and multi-messenger astrophysics. Although several large MeV $\gamma$-ray missions like AMEGO and e-ASTROGAM are being proposed, they are predominantly in the developmental phase, with launches not anticipated until the next decade at the earliest. In recent times, there has been a surge in proposed CubeSat missions as cost-effective and rapidly implementable ''pathfinder" alternatives. A MeV CubeSat dedicated to $\gamma$-ray astronomy has the potential to serve as a demonstrator for future, larger-scale MeV payloads. This paper presents a $\gamma$-ray payload design featuring a CdZnTe crystal calorimeter module developed by IDEAS. We report the detailed results of simulations to assess the performance of this proposed payload and compare it with those of previous $\gamma$-ray instruments.
Steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score in Asian patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
Authors: Kim Kunhee , Lee Hye Won , Lee Jae Seung , Kim Mi Na , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Park Jun Yong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background & Aims:
Recently, steatosis-associated fibrosis estimator (SAFE) score has been developed for predicting significant fibrosis in primary car. We externally validated the SAFE score in Asian patients with MASLD.
Approach & Results:
We validated the SAFE score in 6,229 patients who underwent transient elastography (TE) between 2012 to 2022. The sensitivities, specificities, negative predictive values, and positive predictive values of SAFE scores (two cut-offs: <0 and ≥ 100) for predicting fibrosis stage ≥ 2 were calculated. Based on TE results, SAFE score had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.753 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.737–0.769), outperforming the fibrosis-4 index (0.672) and NAFLD fibrosis score (0.663). Non-obese and obese patients had similar sensitivities (77.0% vs. 78.4%) and specificities (61.5% vs. 51.8%) for SAFE score < 0, and similar sensitivities (50.0% vs. 50.0%) and specificities (90.1% vs. 85.4%) for SAFE score ≥ 100. Sensitivity of the SAFE score for ≥ 100 increased by age, from 16.1% (age 19–30) to 79.7% (age ≥ 61), whereas specificity for ≥ 100 showed a decreasing trend.
Conclusions
We externally validated good performance of SAFE score in Asian patients. The SAFE score has potential as an initial assessment to identify low-risk population in a primary care setting.
Recreational sport-based activity improves psycho-emotional status in community-dwelling individuals living with substance abuse disorder
Authors: Guardia Lucio Della , Salvetti Moreno , Palombi Tommaso , Alivernini Fabio , Epifano Vincenza , Mariani Carlo , Lucidi Fabio , Chirico Andrea , Codella Roberto 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Physical activity is known to improve mental well-being both in the general population and among individuals affected by various health conditions. This study aims to assess the effect of recreational sport-based physical activity (SBA) on depression, anxiety, and other parameters that measure mental wellness in a cohort of community-dwelling individuals living with substance use disorder. Twenty subjects (age: 26.1±3.2 years, mean±SD) participated in an 8-week training program. These subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: a) a group practicing sport-based physical activity; and b) a non-exercising group, performing as control. Depression and anxiety levels were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the PROMIS Anxiety Short Form, respectively. Additionally, insomnia and perceived stress were evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PROMIS score significantly improved after 8 weeks of SBA in the treated group compared to controls (group × time; F1,29 = 5.58; p = 0.025), indicating that anxiety improved significantly following the intervention. The BDI score improved in the intervention group (-24,4; CI,11.5-37.4; p<0,0018), but no interaction was detected (group × time F1,29 = 5.58; p=0.23). No significant difference at 8 week was found also in the PSS and ISI score (PSS: F1,4.= 1.21; p = 0.35. ISI: F1,4 = 1.21; p=0.21). SBA significantly improved anxiety among community-dwelling individuals living with substance use disorder. Thereby, recreational sport-based activity may represent a viable and effective approach to enhance the mental health status in this class of subjects.
Cannabidiol protects against neurotoxic reactive astrocytes-induced neuronal death in mouse models of epilepsy
Authors: Ye Haojie , Wan Yuhui , Wang Xin , Wang Suji , Zhao Xiansen , Wang Xinshi , Yu Tianfu , Yan Chao , Chen Zhang-Peng , Liu Xiangyu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Reactive astrocytes play a critical role in the pathology of various neurological disorders, often resulting in neuronal damage and death. Accumulating evidences demonstrate that reactive astrocyte is an important component of glia scar of epileptic human brain, but the molecular subtyping and functional characterization of reactive astrocytes in the initiation and progression of epilepsy is not fully understood. In this study, we report the existence of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes, a novel defined reactive astrocyte subtype, that are pro-epileptic in the epileptic brain. In a kainic acid-induced mouse model of epilepsy, these neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are induced by microglia-secreted cytokines IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q and formed in the mouse brain as early as seven days post kainic acid stimulation. These cells exhibit a distinct molecular signature marked by elevated expression of complement 3 and adenosine 2A receptor. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses using brain tissues from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and epileptic mice reveal that neurotoxic reactive astrocytes contribute to neuronal loss through lipid-related mechanisms. Moreover, our study demonstrated that the anti-epileptic drug cannabidiol and an adenosine 2A receptor antagonist can suppress the formation of neurotoxic reactive astrocytes. These compounds also exhibit pronounced effects in inhibiting gliosis and neuronal loss in mouse models of epilepsy. Electrophysiological and behavioral studies provide compelling evidences that cannabidiol attenuates seizure symptoms and enhances memory capabilities in epileptic mice. Our findings suggest that neurotoxic reactive astrocytes are formed at an early stage in the epileptic mouse brain and can lead to neuronal death through releasing toxic lipids. Importantly, cannabidiol and adenosine 2A receptor antagonist emerge as promising therapeutic candidates for epilepsy treatment. Our study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of action of cannabidiol in epilepsy and opens avenues for targeted interventions against neurotoxic reactive astrocytes in neurological disorders.
Retinal Microperimetry as a Novel Tool for Early Detection of Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Damage in Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mateu-Salat Manel , Stanton-Yonge Nicole , Santaló Frederic Sampedro , Vela José Ignacio , Cascajosa Jesús Díaz , Pérez Eva Safont , Chico Ana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Context: Retinal microperimetry (MPR) is a non-invasive method that measures retinal light sensitivity and gaze fixation stability (GFS). MPR has been described as an early marker of cognitive impairment in people with type 2 diabetes. Our group described subclinical cognitive alterations, structural brain differences, and increased levels of light chain neurofilament (NfL) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. The utility of MPR has not been described in T1D. Objective: to measure RS and GFS using MPR in individuals with T1D and evaluate possible differences depending on hypoglycemia awareness (IAH vs NAH). Secondary objectives: to perform a secondary analysis of correlation between MPR findings with neuropsychological assessment, plasma NfL levels, structural GM, and WM changes, and CGM-derived glucometric parameters, independently of hypoglycemia awareness. Design, setting and participants: Pilot observational study, adult people with type 1 diabetes without cognitive impairment, moderate-severe retinopathy, or glaucoma. MPR was performed with MAIA3. Results: 30 subjects were studied: 40% women, age 58 ± 11 years; T1D duration 31 ± 9 years, mild retinopathy 33%. RS was 27.5 dB (26.1–28.3) and GFS 97.6% (93.5–99.5%). We found a significant correlation between RS and memory alteration tests (p = 0.016) and between GFS and a composite of attention and executive neuropsychological tests (p = 0.025); between RS and insular cortical thickness (p = 0.04); RS and the right hippocampal volume (p = 0.02); and between GFS and the fractional anisotropy of thalamic radiations (p = 0.04). An inverse correlation between GFS and time below range was found. No correlation was found with NfL. Conclusion: Our exploratory study supports the potential utility of MPR as a screening tool for neurocognitive alterations and incipient structural brain damage in people with T1D.
Unraveling Precipitation Trends and Variability under the Influence of Climate Change in the Navsari District of Gujarat
Authors: Delvadiya Jay , Garde Y. A. , Thorat V. S. , Parmar P. K. , Varshney Nitin , Shrivastava Alok 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Studying the variability of rainfall holds significant importance in the dominion of agriculture. To facilitate the optimal planting of crops in the face of climate fluctuations, agro-meteorologists predominantly depend on rainfall distributions. These distributions serve as a crucial tool for understanding the rainfall patterns within a specific area. This study undertakes a thorough examination of precipitation trends in the Navsari district of Gujarat, spanning the years 1983 to 2022 under the influence of climate change. The study utilized descriptive statistics to assess the characteristics of rainfall, while the Mann-Kendall test is utilized to determine the trend in rainfall patterns. Additionally, the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) is calculated to quantify the degree of wetness in the region. It was observed that over the four decades, Navsari witnessed an annual mean rainfall of 1662.59 mm, accompanied by a standard deviation of 475.73 mm and a Coefficient of Variation (CV) of 28.61%, indicating notable inconsistency in annual rainfall. Onset delays were observed in five years, with notable delays in 1986, 1992, and 2005. Withdrawal delays occurred in seventeen years, ranging from 7 to more than 15 days. The normal monsoon duration of 111 days was exceeded in fourteen years but curtailed in twenty-six years, with 1996 experiencing the highest and 1986 the lowest monsoon days. Additionally, in the last decade, a noticeable increase in very wet months was observed. Season-wise SPI analysis identified extreme wet conditions in post-monsoon (1983, 1999), winter (1994, 2014), and pre-monsoon seasons.
Low-dose aspirin use does not increase disease activity in pregnant patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: DeBolt Chelsea A. , Gottlieb Zoë S. , Rao Manasa G. , Johnson Shaelyn , Rekawek Patricia , Deshpande Richa , Meislin Rachel , Berkin Jill , Bianco Angela , Mella Maria Teresa , Dubinsky Marla C. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background: The adverse effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs on the gastrointestinal system are well recognized, but the effect of NSAID use on disease activity patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unresolved. Low-dose aspirin (LDA) is recommended for all pregnant patients with risk factors for developing preeclampsia, including autoimmune conditions. As recognition of risk factors for preeclampsia improves, the preventative use of LDA is likely to increase.
Aims: To investigate if LDA use for prevention of preeclampsia increases the risk of disease activity in pregnant women with IBD.
Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of pregnant patients with IBD who delivered from 2012-2020, comparing those with and without LDA use. Primary outcome was odds of clinical IBD activity in patients in remission at time of conception. Secondary outcomes were rate of elevated inflammatory biomarkers, defined as C-reactive protein >5 ug/mL or fecal calprotectin >250 ug/g, and rate of preeclampsia. Univariate and multivariate tested for associations.
Results: Patients taking LDA were older (p=0.003) and more likely to have chronic hypertension (p=0.002), to have undergone in vitro fertilization (p < 0.001), and to be on biologics (p=0.03). Among patients in remission at conception, there was no difference in clinical disease activity or biomarker elevation during pregnancy based on LDA use (OR 1.27, 95% CI [0.55-2.94], p=0.6). Rates of preeclampsia were similar between groups.
Conclusion: LDA use for preeclampsia prevention did not increase the incidence of IBD activity in pregnant patients with IBD.
A Hybrid NOMA/OFDM Model for Next Generation Communication Systems
Authors: Hussein Abdulmutalib A-Wahab , Bouallegue Ammar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Visible light communication (VLC) is an innovative optical wireless communication (OWC) technology that can provide both lighting and high-speed wireless data transmission. Another advantages of VLC system that allow for a wide range of applications are its fast data rate, reliable communication channels, and interference protection against electromagnetic (EM) waves. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are used as transmitters while Photodetectors are utilized at the receiver side. The LED has to be supplied with a positive real valued signal. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) uses multiple subcarriers with orthogonal frequencies to enhance the spectral efficiency of the system. There are two types of unipolar OFDM used to obtain real-valued and positive signal, they are DC-biased optical OFDM (DCO-OFDM) and asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM). A hybrid design NOMA/OFDM is introduced in this paper to be able to study the performance of the VLC system. Three users are positioned in different spots throughout an interior environment. User1 is considered as the farthest user with lower channel gain while user3 is the near user that has high channel gain. The bit error rate (BER) is estimated for the three users vs. the SNR with different power allocation coefficients. The results show that NOMA/ACO-OFDM performs better than NOMA/DCO-OFDM. Also, the BER of the three users converges to each other with the increasing of the SNR for the two models.
Analyzing Evaluation Methods for Large Language Models in the Medical Field: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lee Junbok , Park Sungkyung , Shin Jaeyong , Cho Belong 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Owing to the rapid growth in popularity of Large Language Models (LLM), various performance evaluation studies have been conducted to confirm their applicability in the medical field. However, there is still no clear framework for an LLM evaluation.
Objective: By reviewing studies on LLM evaluations in the medical field and analyzing the research methods used in these studies, this study aims to provide a reference for future researchers designing LLM studies.
Methods & Materials: We conducted a scoping review of three databases (PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE) to identify LLMs published between January 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023. We analyzed the method type, number of questions (queries), evaluators, repeat measurements, additional analysis methods, engineered prompts, and metrics other than accuracy.
Results: A total of 142 articles met the inclusion criteria. The LLM evaluation was primarily categorized as either providing test examinations (n=53, 37.3%) or being evaluated by a medical professional (n=80, 56.3%), with some hybrid cases (n=5, 3.5%) or a combination of the two (n=4, 2.8%). Most studies had 100 or fewer questions (n=18, 29.0%), 15 (24.2%) performed repeated measurements, 18 (29.0%) performed additional analyses, and 8 (12.9%) used prompt engineering. For medical assessment, most studies had 50 or fewer queries (n=54, 64.3%), most studies had two evaluators (n=43, 48.3%), and 14 (14.7%) used prompt engineering.
Conclusions: More research is required regarding the application of LLMs in healthcare. Although previous studies have evaluated performance, future studies will likely focus on improving performance. For these studies to be conducted systematically, a well-structured methodology must be designed.
High potential of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Bacillus isolates to promote plant growth
Authors: Viana Thianny F. Carrelo , Galeano Rodrigo Mattos S. , Paggi Gecele Matos , Silva Vinícius A. Oliveira da , de Lima Sebastião Ferreira , Zanoelo Fabiana Fonseca , Brasil Marivaine da Silva 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Cotton is socially and economically important worldwide. Notably, research on eco-friendly technologies that increase the sustainability of this production system is increasing. We explored the potential of bacterial strains isolated from cotton roots to promote plant growth. Bacteria were isolated from cotton roots by using a pasteurization method and cultivated on nutrient agar for strain purification and selection. The bacterial strains were subjected to in vitro tests to verify their ability to solubilize calcium phosphate, producing indole-3-acid acetic, siderophores, and cellulase. Potential strains were selected for the in vivo experiments in a greenhouse with cotton cultivars FM 985 and TMG 47. Treatments were conducted using 1 mL (108 CFU/mL) of bacterial strain culture and a commercial inoculant, with nine replicates observed for 110 d. The plants were evaluated for physical, phytochemical, and macronutrient parameters. The physical parameters indicated a positive relationship between cultivars and microorganisms, increasing the height, fresh mass of the shoot, dry mass of fruits and roots, root volume and length, and number of leaves. Phytochemical parameters showed improvements in total sugars, ascorbate peroxidase, phenolic compounds, free amino acids, total sugar, chlorophyll A, reducing sugars, flavonoids, catalase, and chlorophyll B. In conclusion, our results showed that our bacterial isolates from cotton roots had many biochemical features related to plant growth promotion and were able to promote the growth of cotton cultivars in a greenhouse experiment. Future research could conduct field tests to evaluate their use for improving cotton productivity on a large scale.