bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐friendly health care and the 4Ms in RN‐led annual wellness visits
Authors: Garbarino Jason T. , O'Connor Sharon , Pepin Renée L. , Aitken Margaret S. , Flaherty Ellen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMedicare annual wellness visits (AWVs) are prevention‐focused healthcare visits free to Medicare recipients. These visits focus on health maintenance, health risk assessment, prevention of illness, and maintaining independence, all of which are within the scope of registered nurse (RN) practice as well as aligned with what matters, medication, mentation, and mobility — the 4Ms — of age‐friendly health care. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the implementation of the 4Ms in the context of RN‐led Medicare AWVs in a primary care practice.MethodsIn a primary care practice with approximately 2500 patients, including approximately 571 of whom were enrolled in Medicare, RN‐led Medicare AWVs were implemented, incorporating the 4Ms framework. During this time, data were collected on the effect of the AWV on access to care—conceptualized here as the number of visits available as well as the type of clinician open to staff these visits. Data collection also included patient responses to the 4Ms question “what matters most?”ResultsOverall, the RN‐led visits were successful and beneficial to the practice. Each RN‐led visit allowed for 2 additional acute or monitoring visits per provider (nurse practitioner, MD) per day, increasing patient access to their primary care providers. Inclusion of the 4Ms questions facilitated discussion around overall mental and emotional well‐being, life stressors, quality of life, and goals of care.ConclusionRN‐led Medicare AWVs incorporating the 4Ms framework enhances the role of RNs in primary care by focusing on a health promotion role, utilizing RNs to their full scope of practice. RN‐led AWVs increase provider availability for acute and chronic care appointments, as well as foster conversations around quality of life, as well as mental and emotional well‐being.
Reconstruction of the pelvic girdle and hindlimb musculature of the early tetanurans Piatnitzkysauridae (Theropoda, Megalosauroidea)
Authors: Lacerda Mauro B. S. , Bittencourt Jonathas S. , Hutchinson John R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPiatnitzkysauridae were Jurassic theropods that represented the earliest diverging branch of Megalosauroidea, being one of the earliest lineages to have evolved moderate body size. This clade's typical body size and some unusual anatomical features raise questions about locomotor function and specializations to aid in body support; and other palaeobiological issues. Biomechanical models and simulations can illuminate how extinct animals may have moved, but require anatomical data as inputs. With a phylogenetic context, osteological evidence, and neontological data on anatomy, it is possible to infer the musculature of extinct taxa. Here, we reconstructed the hindlimb musculature of Piatnitzkysauridae (Condorraptor, Marshosaurus, and Piatnitzkysaurus). We chose this clade for future usage in biomechanics, for comparisons with myological reconstructions of other theropods, and for the resulting evolutionary implications of our reconstructions; differential preservation affects these inferences, so we discuss these issues as well. We considered 32 muscles in total: for Piatnitzkysaurus, the attachments of 29 muscles could be inferred based on the osteological correlates; meanwhile, in Condorraptor and Marshosaurus, we respectively inferred 21 and 12 muscles. We found great anatomical similarity within Piatnitzkysauridae, but differences such as the origin of M. ambiens and size of M. caudofemoralis brevis are present. Similarities were evident with Aves, such as the division of the M. iliofemoralis externus and M. iliotrochantericus caudalis and a broad depression for the M. gastrocnemius pars medialis origin on the cnemial crest. Nevertheless, we infer plesiomorphic features such as the origins of M. puboischiofemoralis internus 1 around the “cuppedicus” fossa and M. ischiotrochantericus medially on the ischium. As the first attempt to reconstruct muscles in early tetanurans, our study allows a more complete understanding of myological evolution in theropod pelvic appendages.
Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals: Mainstream recognition of health effects and implications for the practicing internist
Authors: Trasande Leonardo , Sargis Robert M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRapidly advancing evidence documents that a broad array of synthetic chemicals found ubiquitously in the environment contribute to disease and disability across the lifespan. Although the early literature focused on early life exposures, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are now understood to contribute substantially to chronic disease in adulthood, especially metabolic, cardiovascular, and reproductive consequences as well as endocrine cancers. The contribution to mortality is substantial, with over 90,000 deaths annually and at least $39 billion/year in lost economic productivity in the United States (US) due to exposure to certain phthalates that are used as plasticizers in food packaging. Importantly, exposures are disproportionately high in low‐income and minoritized populations, driving disparities in these conditions. Though non‐Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans comprise 12.6% and 13.5% of the US population, they bear 16.5% and 14.6% of the disease burden due to EDCs, respectively. Many of these exposures can be modified through safe and simple behavioral changes supported by proactive government action to both limit known hazardous exposures and to proactively screen new industrial chemicals prior to their use. Routine healthcare maintenance should include guidance to reduce EDC exposures, and a recent report by the Institute of Medicine suggests that testing be conducted, particularly in populations heavily exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances—chemicals used in nonstick coatings as well as oil‐ and water‐resistant clothing.
Continuing conceptualising QOL through application to lives of young adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Faragher Rhonda , Lloyd Jan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuality of Life (QOL) has been used as a sensitising concept for decades, inviting all to consider the potential for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities to live a life full of meaning and purpose. This article presents the outcomes of our deliberations on domains of QOL undertaken for a study investigating lives of young adults with Down syndrome. Various groups have published domains and from these we distilled a list of six: Physical well‐being, Emotional well‐being; Self‐determination; Material well‐being; Personal beliefs and development; and Social inclusion. Our synthesis of domains raised two issues for further deliberation in the community of QOL scholars in the field of intellectual and developmental disability: the place of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Rights. ICT has not been considered as a domain but we argue it could be. Rights have been included as a domain by some researchers in previous conceptualisations but we do not. Instead we suggest they may be better placed as an underpinning principle, with fundamental impact on all aspects of QOL. A conclusion we are left with is that domains, while helpful for research, can never be a fixed list. What matters to individuals and society in general in framing lives of meaning and purpose will change over time. Even so, there is still value and need for setting domains for specific research studies.
Stress Mindset and University Students' Mental Health in Japan During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Mediating Model1,2
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Saito Aya , Matsumoto Satoko , Yoshitake Naomi , Sugawara Masumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) has caused social isolation and loneliness among Japanese university students. Stress mindset, namely, beliefs about stress and its consequences, is related to mental health through emerging evidence. This study investigated the relationship between stress mindset and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic and assessed the mediating effect of coping behaviors. An online survey was conducted in mid‐October 2021 with 4,120 university students from 47 prefectures in Japan. Stress mindset (stress‐is‐enhancing and stress‐is‐debilitating mindsets), coping behaviors, and mental health (loneliness and depression) were measured. The results showed that the positive path from a stress‐is‐debilitating mindset to depression and loneliness, and the negative path from a stress‐is‐enhancing mindset to loneliness, were significant. Furthermore, the stress‐is‐enhancing mindset was mediated by vaccination status, inducing a decrease in loneliness; the stress‐is‐debilitating mindset was mediated by a decrease in part‐time jobs and extracurricular activities, and inducing an increase in loneliness and depression. Current findings indicate that stress mindset may influence the behavioral tendencies and mental health of Japanese university students during COVID‐19, comprising an internal resource to protect their mental health.
Clinical presentation, medical management, and outcomes in 35 hospitalized sheep diagnosed with bluetongue virus disease
Authors: Gamsjäger Lisa , Chigerwe Munashe 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is only limited information on the clinical presentation, medical management, and outcomes of hospitalized sheep diagnosed with bluetongue virus (BTV) disease.ObjectivesTo describe the signalment, history, clinical signs, clinicopathological findings, medical management, and clinical outcomes of sheep diagnosed with BTV disease.AnimalsThirty‐five hospitalized sheep with BTV disease.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records from 1989 to 2021 were evaluated. History, signalment, clinical signs, laboratory test results, treatments, and outcomes were recorded.ResultsBTV disease was diagnosed from July to December, with a peak proportion (43%; 15/35) of diagnoses recorded in October. Pyrexia and anorexia, respiratory disease, vasculitis, coronitis and lameness, and ulcerative mucosal lesions were present in 71%, 71%, 66%, 49%, and 22% of sheep, respectively. BTV serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17 were identified, with serotype 17 (75%) being the most frequent. Management of cases included administration of antimicrobials (89%), anti‐inflammatories (77%), IV fluids (60%), vitamins (20%), proton‐pump inhibitors (14%), diuretics (9%), and antioxidants (9%). Six ewes were pregnant on presentation, but none aborted. Six (17%) sheep died or were euthanized because of clinical deterioration, whereas 83% were discharged.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe proportion of sheep that survived BTV disease after treatment was relatively high. Serotyping of BTV is recommended because of the mismatch between frequently identified serotypes and the serotype present in the vaccine.
Use of octreotide for the treatment of protein‐losing enteropathy in dogs: Retrospective study of 18 cases
Authors: Jablonski Sara A. , Mazepa Allison S. W. , Tolbert M. Katherine 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundMore than 50% of dogs with protein‐losing enteropathy (PLE) fail to respond to standard therapies. Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, is used in cases of intestinal lymphangiectasia (IL) in humans with some success.ObjectivesDescribe the use of octreotide in dogs with PLE including reason for and details of prescription, adverse effects, and apparent response.AnimalsEighteen dogs with PLE, 13 with histopathology available. Ninety‐two percent (12/13) had IL diagnosed on biopsy. All 13 dogs had intestinal inflammatory infiltrates noted.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective, descriptive study. Cases were volunteered for inclusion by individual attending veterinarians who reported the use of octreotide in cases of PLE.ResultsIn 16/18 (89%) cases octreotide was prescribed to PLE dogs with a clinical suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of IL that were refractory to standard therapies. Median serum albumin at the time of octreotide prescription was 1.7 g/dL (range, 1.0‐3.1 g/dL). The median dose of octreotide prescribed was 20 μg/kg, SQ, daily with a range of 4‐39 μg/kg, SQ, daily. Adverse effects were noted in 3/18 (17%, 95% CI [4%, 41%]) of dogs; discontinuation of the drug was necessary in 1 dog. Improvement in clinical signs was noted in 6/12 (50%, 95% CI [21%, 79%]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOctreotide was most commonly prescribed to dogs with PLE and suspected or confirmed IL that had failed to respond to standard therapies. Though a benefit to PLE dogs cannot be confirmed, octreotide was well tolerated by the majority of dogs at the doses prescribed in this study.
Microhabitat selection of meadow and steppe vipers enlightened by digital photography and image processing to describe grassland vegetation structure
Authors: Mizsei E. , Budai M. , Rák G. , Bancsik B. , Radovics D. , Szabolcs M. , Móré A. , Vadász C. , Dudás G. , Lengyel S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractUnderstanding animals' selection of microhabitats is important in both ecology and biodiversity conservation. However, there is no generally accepted methodology for the characterization of microhabitats, especially for vegetation structure. We studied microhabitat selection of three Vipera snakes by comparing grassland vegetation structure between viper occurrence points and random points in three grassland ecosystems: V. graeca in mountain meadows of Albania, V. renardi in loess steppes of Ukraine and V. ursinii in sand grasslands in Hungary. We quantified vegetation structure in an objective manner by automated processing of images taken of the vegetation against a vegetation profile board under standardized conditions. We developed an R script for automatic calculation of four vegetation structure variables derived from raster data obtained in the images: leaf area (LA), height of closed vegetation (HCV), maximum height of vegetation (MHV) and foliage height diversity (FHD). Generalized linear mixed models revealed that snake occurrence was positively related to HCV in V. graeca, to LA in V. renardi and to LA and MHV in V. ursinii, and negatively to HCV in V. ursinii. Our results demonstrate that vegetation structure variables derived from automated image processing significantly relate to viper microhabitat selection. Our method minimizes the risk of subjectivity in measuring vegetation structure, enables the aggregation of adjacent pixel data and is suitable for comparison of or extrapolation across different vegetation types or ecosystems.
Synchrotron x‐ray diffraction for sealed Mars Sample Return sample tubes
Authors: Adam L. F. , Bridges J. C. , Bedford C. C. , Holt J. M. C. , Rampe E. , Thorpe M. , Mason K. , Ewing R. C. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe joint NASA‐ESA Mars sample return campaign aims to return up to 31 sample tubes containing drilled sedimentary and igneous cores and regolith. The titanium alloy tubes will initially still be sealed when they are retrieved. Several types of measurement will be carried out on sealed samples in the pre‐basic characterization phase of scientific investigation. We show that powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis can be successfully carried out on sealed samples using an x‐ray source at the I12 beamline of Diamond Light Source synchrotron. Our experiment used an analog sample tube and a Martian regolith analog (Icelandic basaltic sand). The titanium walls of the tube analog give strong but few diffraction peaks, making identification of the major constituent mineral phases feasible. A more significant constraint on quantification of mineral phase abundances by this XRD technique is likely to be the grain size of the sample. This technique opens up the possibility of initial mineralogical analysis of samples returned from Jezero crater without opening the sample tubes and the potential changes to the sample that entails.
Exploring the Interplay of Age and Pedagogy in the Maturation of Error‐Monitoring
Authors: Denervaud Solange , Tovar David A. , Knebel Jean‐François , Mullier Emeline , Gómez Yasser Alemán‐ , Hagmann Patric , Murray Micah M. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTError‐monitoring is a crucial cognitive process that enables us to adapt to the constantly changing environment. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a vital role in error‐monitoring, and its prolonged maturation suggests that it can be influenced by experience‐dependent plasticity. To explore this possibility, we collected morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of the ACC and error‐related response‐locked event‐related potentials (ERPs) in 26 schoolchildren, aged 6–12 years, enrolled in either a Montessori or a traditional curriculum in Switzerland. We show that the caudal ACC undergoes significant morphometric changes during this developmental age range that seem related to error detection ERP activity. Furthermore, we observed differences in source localization activity related to error detection within the caudal ACC between Montessori and traditionally‐schooled children, indicating a potential difference in the development of error‐monitoring in these groups. Our study provides preliminary evidence for a potential window of opportunity to influence error‐monitoring during development and calls for more work in that direction.
Heterologous expression of influenza haemagglutinin leads to early and transient activation of the unfolded protein response in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Hamel Louis‐Philippe , Comeau Marc‐André , Tardif Rachel , Poirier‐Gravel Francis , Paré Marie‐Ève , Lavoie Pierre‐Olivier , Goulet Marie‐Claire , Michaud Dominique , D'Aoust Marc‐André 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe unfolded protein response (UPR) allows cells to cope with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. Due to its sensitivity to Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana is widely employed for transient expression of recombinant proteins of biopharmaceutical interest, including antibodies and virus surface proteins used for vaccine production. As such, study of the plant UPR is of practical significance, since enforced expression of complex secreted proteins often results in ER stress. After 6 days of expression, we recently reported that influenza haemagglutinin H5 induces accumulation of UPR proteins. Since up‐regulation of corresponding UPR genes was not detected at this time, accumulation of UPR proteins was hypothesized to be independent of transcriptional induction, or associated with early but transient UPR gene up‐regulation. Using time course sampling, we here show that H5 expression does result in early and transient activation of the UPR, as inferred from unconventional splicing of NbbZIP60 transcripts and induction of UPR genes with varied functions. Transient nature of H5‐induced UPR suggests that this response was sufficient to cope with ER stress provoked by expression of the secreted protein, as opposed to an antibody that triggered stronger and more sustained UPR activation. As up‐regulation of defence genes responding to H5 expression was detected after the peak of UPR activation and correlated with high increase in H5 protein accumulation, we hypothesize that these immune responses, rather than the UPR, were responsible for onset of the necrotic symptoms on H5‐expressing leaves.
Risk factors for social isolation in older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Suhang , Lin Ji , Kuang Li , Yang Xia , Yu Bingyang , Cui Ying 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the risk factors of social isolation in older adults by meta‐analysis.MethodsWe examined articles that had been published on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform, VIP Periodical Chinese Journal Service platform, Medical Literature database, PubMed, Embase database, Chinese BioMedical Literature database (CBM), and the Cochrane Library. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 13 pieces of literature comprising 47,288 patients were included, including five in Chinese and eight in English. According to our review, the common risk factors reported were age, sex, education level, marital status, self‐rated health status, depression, social support, cognitive function, and basic diseases. Gender (female), education level (lower education level), marital status (divorced), self‐rated health status (poor), depression, lack of social support, inadequate cognitive function, and underlying disorders were the key risk factors for social isolation in older adults.ConclusionsTo reduce social isolation in older adults, paying more attention to the aging population with poor marital statuses, low education levels, poor health statuses, depression, poor cognitive function, and other underlying diseases is necessary. It is essential to encourage patients and their family members to participate in social activities and build a multi‐social support system to reduce social isolation in older adults.
Broadcast health: Leveraging YouTube for community health education
Authors: Neely Sara Bynon , Long Samantha , Cygan Heide , Kalensky Melissa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn community health, there is great demand but limited time for the delivery of staff and patient education. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, evolving needs necessitated that health education be provided in an accurate and timely manner. This paper describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a YouTube channel designed to disseminate health education to a wide audience of public health workers and patient populations.MethodsThis project, divided into three phases, originated within shelter‐based care, providing education to shelter staff (Phase 1) and overtime has evolved to provide education within the Community Health Worker Hub at a major teaching hospital for community health workers (Phase 2) and the populations they serve (Phase 3). Further, during phase 3, the project developer used an artificial intelligence (AI) platform to increase the reach of the YouTube channel.ResultsOver a span of 21 months, 18 unique videos have garnered 489 views.ConclusionsClinicians and educators can leverage technology platforms for health education delivery, increasing the reach of their work while meeting the demands of the profession. While the quality of some information on YouTube may be poor, patients and students turn to this platform for health education. It is imperative that public health nurses embrace this medium, rather than push against it. By creating high‐quality content, educating students and patients about DISCERN and PEMAT tools, and guiding patients to credible sources, public health nurses may ameliorate the standards of health education on YouTube.