bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirality recognition in solvent‐free solid‐state crystallization: Chiral adduct formation by bis‐β‐naphthol derivatives and benzoquinone crystals
Authors: Kuroda Reiko , Imai Yoshitane , Sato Tomohiro 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew adduct crystals were obtained by simply mixing/grinding component crystals of bis‐β‐naphthol (BN) derivatives with benzoquinone (BQ) under solvent‐free conditions. Chiral recognition was found to operate during this process and either a racemic or a chiral crystal of a BN derivative produced an adduct crystal with BQ by solid‐state crystallization. The chirality preference changed subtly according to the molecular structure of the BN derivative. Even in circumstances in which no adduct was formed, addition of a third component, such as crystals of naphthalene, to the grinding mixture yielded an adduct crystal. Remarkably, these adduct crystals were found to decompose spontaneously with time and revert to the starting crystal of the BN derivative by losing BQ molecules from the crystal lattice. Local melting of crystals by the grinding pressure was found unlikely to be the mechanism of adduct formation. Overall, these results demonstrate that molecules in the solid state could change their relative location and hydrogen bonding partners, thereby exerting chiral discrimination. Chirality 13:588–594, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micropatterning tractional forces in living cells
Authors: Wang Ning , Ostuni Emanuele , Whitesides George M. , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHere we describe a method for quantifying traction in cells that are physically constrained within micron‐sized adhesive islands of defined shape and size on the surface of flexible polyacrylamide gels that contain fluorescent microbeads (0.2‐μm diameter). Smooth muscle cells were plated onto square (50 × 50 μm) or circular (25‐ or 50‐μm diameter) adhesive islands that were created on the surface of the gels by applying a collagen coating through microengineered holes in an elastomeric membrane that was later removed. Adherent cells spread to take on the size and shape of the islands and cell tractions were quantitated by mapping displacement fields of the fluorescent microbeads within the gel. Cells on round islands did not exhibit any preferential direction of force application, but they exerted their strongest traction at sites where they formed protrusions. When cells were confined to squares, traction was highest in the corners both in the absence and presence of the contractile agonist, histamine, and cell protrusions were also observed in these regions. Quantitation of the mean traction exerted by cells cultured on the different islands revealed that cell tension increased as cell spreading was promoted. These results provide a mechanical basis for past studies that demonstrated a similar correlation between spreading and growth within various anchorage‐dependent cells. This new approach for analyzing the spatial distribution of mechanical forces beneath individual cells that are experimentally constrained to defined sizes and shapes may provide additional insight into the biophysical basis of cell regulation. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 52:97–106, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin in patients who undergo cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis and sarcomatosis
Authors: Rossi Carlo R. , Foletto Mirto , Mocellin Simone , Pilati Pierluigi , De Simone Michele , Deraco Marcello , Cavaliere Francesco , Palatini Pietro , Guasti Fabiola , Scalerta Romano , Lise Mario 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHyperthermic intraperitoneal intraoperative chemotherapy (HIIC) combined with cytoreductive surgery (CS) has been proposed as a new multimodal treatment mainly for carcinomatosis of gastrointestinal origin. To evaluate whether this regimen could be used for other tumor types, the authors conducted a Phase I study on HIIC with doxorubicin and cisplatin in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis.PATIENTS AND METHODSThirty‐one patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis or sarcomatosis (PCS) were enrolled for the study. After completion of CS, HIIC was administered with drug doses that were increased for each consecutive cohort following a three‐patient cohort scheme. Thereafter, the accrual was stopped when Grade 4 locoregional or systemic toxicity was observed. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was considered the dose in the previous triplet. Drug pharmacokinetics and procedure costs also were analyzed.RESULTSAfter CS, residual tumors were not present or measured less than or equal to 3 mm (in dimension) in all cases. Maximum tolerated dose was 15.25 and 43.00 mg L−1 for doxorubicin and cisplatin, respectively. The perfusate/plasma area under the curve ratios were favorable for both drugs, at 162 ± 113 and 20.6 ± 6.0, respectively, for doxorubicin and cisplatin. Doxorubicin levels in the peritoneum were higher than in tumor or normal tissue samples. There were no postoperative deaths. Surgery‐related complications were observed in 25% of cases. Findings at cost analysis showed that the length of stay in the operation room and intensive care unit were the major cost drivers.CONCLUSIONSCytoreductive surgery combined with HIIC is an expensive but feasible therapeutic approach for locally advanced abdominal tumors. Because our preliminary findings for local disease control are encouraging, a Phase II study is now advisable to verify the activity of this promising treatment. Cancer 2002;94:492–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Selective upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors neuropilin‐1 and ‐2 in human neuroblastoma
Authors: Fakhari Mitra , Pullirsch Dieter , Abraham Dietmar , Paya Kurosh , Hofbauer Reinhold , Holzfeind Paul , Hofmann Michael , Aharinejad Seyedhossein 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies show that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors Flt‐1 and KDR, and a series of other angiogenic molecules, are upregulated in advanced but not low stage human neuroblastoma. Neuropilin‐1 and 2 (NRP) are novel specific receptors of VEGF165, whose role is unknown in human neuroblastoma.METHODSTissue biopsies of 37 children with Stage I‐IV neuroblastoma were obtained, as well as biopsies of 7 normal adrenals as controls. The mRNA expression of VEGF165 and its receptors Flt‐1, KDR, NRP1, and NRP2 was evaluated by real‐time reverse transcripton polymerase chain reaction. NRP protein expression was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting.RESULTSVEGF165 mRNA was upregulated in Stage III and IV and Flt‐1 and KDR gene expression was increased in Stage III, while NRP1 and 2 mRNA and protein levels were higher in Stages I‐IV vs. controls (P < 0.05). NRP was expressed in vascular endothelial but not tumor cells.CONCLUSIONSThese results show for the first time that human neuroblastoma expresses NRP, and that NRP co‐regulates VEGF angiogenic effect in human neuroblastoma. NRP might be a sensitive angiogenic measure of VEGF systems in neuroblastoma, particularly in its early stages. Cancer 2002;94:258–63. © 2002 American Cancer Society.
Prostate specific antigen complexed to α‐1‐antichymotrypsin in patients with intermediate prostate specific antigen levels
Authors: Saika Takashi , Tsushima Tomoyasu , Nasu Yasutomo , Kusaka Nobuyuki , Miyaji Yoshiyuki , Takamoto Hitoshi , Takeda Katsuji , Uno Satoru , Kumon Hiromi ,   for the Okayama Urological Cancer Collaborating Group
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe authors attempted to evaluate prospectively the usefulness of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) complexed to α‐1‐antichymotrypsin (PSA‐ACT) in the early detection of prostate carcinoma and its ability to discriminate between prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), especially among patients with intermediate PSA levels.METHODSBetween December 1999 and August 2000, systematic sextant biopsies were performed on 281 prospective patients with prostate carcinoma who had serum PSA levels between 4.1 ng/mL and 20.0 ng/mL. The serum samples were assayed by using kits that were designed specifically for measuring serum PSA, PSA‐ACT, and free PSA levels. The clinical values of PSA, PSA‐ACT, the free PSA to total PSA ratio (F/T ratio), the free PSA to PSA‐ACT ratio, PSA density (PSAD), and PSA‐ACT density (ACTD) were compared by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.RESULTSBiopsy yielded no evidence of malignancy in 198 patients, and prostate carcinoma was confirmed in 83 patients. ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for PSA‐ACT was greater than that for total PSA and was equivalent to that for the F/T ratio in both groups of patients (PSA ranges of 4.1–20.0 ng/mL and 4.1–10.0 ng/mL, respectively). The AUC for the ACTD was greater than the AUC for the PSAD and had the highest value of all parameters.CONCLUSIONSThe measurement of PSA‐ACT represents an alternative to the use of total and free PSA. The ACTD value is the most useful for discriminating between BPH and prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2002;94:1685–91. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10377
Downregulation of Hus1 by antisense oligonucleotides enhances the sensitivity of human lung carcinoma cells to cisplatin
Authors: Kinzel Bernd , Hall Jonathan , Natt Francois , Weiler Jan , Cohen Dalia 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Hus1 is a component of the radiation sensitive (Rad) machinery that has been identified as playing a role in DNA repair and cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control pathways. Hus1 has been shown to exist in a discrete complex with at least two Rad family members, Rad1 and Rad9. Furthermore, Hus1 is essential for checkpoint activation, since Hus1 mutants fail to arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. To establish the role and relevance of human Hus1 in cell cycle regulation, the authors applied antisense technology to selectively downregulate the expression of Hus1 mRNA.METHODSTransfection of 2′‐O‐methoxyethyl‐modified Hus1 antisense oligoribonucleotides into human H1299 nonsmall lung carcinoma cells was performed using Lipofectin as the carrier. The authors prepared RNA from transfected cells, and levels of Hus1 expression were analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction. The growth and viability of cells treated with Hus1 antisense oligonucleotides in the presence or absence of cisplatin were analyzed and compared to controls.RESULTSTransfection of selected Hus1 antisense oligonucleotides into p53 deficient H1299 cells resulted in significant downregulation of Hus1 mRNA, up to 80%; RNA analyses reveal a maximal Hus1 antisense activity at a concentration of 200 nM with an IC50 determined to be 90 nM. The design and transfection of oligonucleotides containing three mismatches to their corresponding antisense counterparts had no or only minor effects on Hus1 mRNA levels, showing the specificity of Hus1 mRNA downregulation. The cisplatin IC50 in untransfected H1299 cells was found to be 20 μM and could be reduced significantly to only 7 μM after transfection of a Hus1 antisense oligonucleotide.CONCLUSIONSExperiments addressing the proliferation and viability of transfected H1299 cells suggest that downregulation of Hus1 by specific antisense oligonucleotides sensitizes human cells to treatment with the DNA damaging agent cisplatin. Cancer 2002;94:1808–14. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10383
A prospective study regarding the complications of transcatheter intraarterial lipiodol chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chan Annie O. , Yuen Man‐Fung , Hui Chee‐Kin , Tso Wai‐Kuen , Lai Ching‐Lung 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer death throughout the world. The majority of patients are not suitable for curative resection either because of the advanced stage of the disease at the time of presentation or because of underlying cirrhosis. Transcatheter intraarterial lipiodol chemoembolization (TACE) has been reported to be one of the most effective palliative measures for HCC. However, its severe side effects continue to make its use controversial.METHODSIn the current study, the authors prospectively evaluated 197 sessions of TACE performed in 59 patients with HCC.RESULTSAcute hepatic decompensation occurred in 20% of the 197 sessions with 3% of cases being irreversible. Significant elevation of bilirubin was associated with the dosage of cisplatin used (P = 0.0001), basal bilirubin level (P = 0.0001), basal prothrombin time (P =0.004), basal aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (P = 0.013), and stage of cirrhosis (P < 0.0001). Patients with irreversible hepatic decompensation were more likely to have higher pre‐TACE bilirubin levels (P = 0.009), more prolonged prothrombin time (P = 0.015), received a higher dose of cisplatin (P = 0.033), and more advanced cirrhosis (P < 0.0001). The majority of the other side effects were self‐limiting with the exception of one patient who died of liver and splenic abscesses. Approximately 36% of the patients achieved a tumor response, 39% achieved stable disease, and 29% developed progressive disease.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study identified factors that appeared to predispose patients to irreversible hepatic decompensation after TACE. Despite the high percentage of patients who developed hepatic decompensation after TACE, irreversible damage occurred in only a minority. Cancer 2002;94:1747–52. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10407
Incidence of the superficial fascia and its relevance in skin‐sparing mastectomy
Authors: Beer Gertrude M. , Varga Zsuzsanna , Budi Srecko , Seifert Burkhardt , Meyer Viktor E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the move away from classical radical mastectomy to ever more skin‐sparing procedures, there has been an ongoing discussion about how much skin and subcutaneous tissue should be resected to perform an adequate mastectomy while leaving viable skin flaps. One of the common recommendations is to dissect just superficial to the superficial layer (SL) of the superficial fascia of the breast. This, in turn, has revived the old, unsolved controversy about the existence or absence of the SL, a fascia that reportedly encloses the mammary gland ventrally. In skin‐sparing mastectomies (SSM), which combine tumor resection with immediate breast reconstruction, the ideal would be to create skin flaps that are thin enough to remove all breast tissue but at the same time are thick enough to preserve flap circulation. The feasibility of meeting these two goals simultaneously and the possible role and relevance of the SL as a guide to dissection in SSM was examined in this study.METHODSSixty‐two breast resection specimens from 31 women who underwent breast reduction were examined histologically to determine whether the SL was present, whether breast tissue could be detected within or beyond this SL, the measured distance between the caudal border of the dermis and the SL or the breast tissue, and whether the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer was correlated with the patients' physical data, such as body weight or body mass index (BMI).RESULTSThe SL was absent in 44% of resection specimens. When the SL was present, 42% of specimens contained several islands of breast tissue within the SL. No breast tissue was found beyond the SL. The minimal distance between the SL and the dermis varied from 0.2 mm to 4.0 mm; the minimal distance between the breast tissue and the dermis was 0.4 mm. In 50% of specimens, the minimal distance between the dermis and the SL or breast tissue was < 1.1 mm. A distance of ≥ 5 mm was encountered in only 17% of specimens, and a distance of ≥ 10 mm was encountered in only 5% of specimens. No significant correlation between the right and left breast was found with any of the parameters examined. A weak negative correlation was seen between the BMI and the mean thickness of the subcutaneous fat (P = 0.049; correlation coefficient [r] = −0.39; Spearman rank correlation).CONCLUSIONSHistologic evaluation revealed that the SL is not present in all breasts and, thus, cannot serve as a reliable plane of dissection. Furthermore, if the SL is present microscopically, then it often is too thin and delicate to be detectable macroscopically. Finally, even if the SL is present and visible macroscopically, the distance to the overlying skin is so small in the majority of patients that a dissection superficial to the SL would not leave viable skin flaps in skin‐sparing mastectomies. Cancer 2002;94:1619–25. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10429
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Arpino Grazia , Clark Gary M. , Mohsin Syed , Bardou Valerie J. , Elledge Richard M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to comprehensively characterize the clinical and biologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and to assess the implications for management in a large cohort of patients.METHODSFrom a database of 50,000 patients, 28 were identified with ACC for which clinical follow‐up and biologic information was available. The biologic features examined included estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status, DNA ploidy, and S‐phase fraction. Median follow‐up was 83 months with a range of 29 to 144 months. Overall survival and disease free survival curves were drawn using Kaplan and Meier estimates and were compared by the log‐rank test.RESULTSAll but one patient were postmenopausal with a median age at diagnosis of 66 years (range, 40–96 years). One patient had macroscopic metastatic disease at diagnosis. Median tumor size was 1.9 cm (range, 0.5–7.0 cm). Axillary lymph node dissection was performed in 23 patients. Only 1 patient (4%) had histologic positive lymph nodes (2 of 10), and no recurrence was detected for this patient. Forty‐six percent were ER positive (median, 16 fmol/mg protein; range, 5–1017 fmol/mg), and 35% were PgR positive (median, 61 fmol/mg protein; range, 6–854 fmol/mg). S‐phase fraction and DNA ploidy were assessable in 24 cases. Ninety percent of tumors had low S‐phase (median, 3.3%; range, 0.1–34.2%), and 92% were diploid. Simple or modified radical mastectomy was performed in 22 patients, and 6 patients were treated by lumpectomy. Five of these six patients also received radiation therapy after lumpectomy. Despite the different surgical approaches, there were no local recurrences. The 5‐year disease free survival rate was 100%, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 85% (95% confidence interval, 71.7–98.6%).CONCLUSIONSAdenoid cystic carcinomas of the breast have very favorable biologic characteristics and, consistent with this, an excellent prognosis. Good local control can be achieved by lumpectomy with radiation or by simple mastectomy. Axillary lymph node dissection is not helpful in clinical management. Cancer 2002;94:2119–27. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10455
Low natural killer activity and central nervous system disease as a high‐risk prognostic indicator in young patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Imashuku Shinsaku , Hyakuna Nobuyuki , Funabiki Tetsunori , Ikuta Koichiro , Sako Masahiro , Iwai Asayuki , Fukushima Takashi , Kataoka Satoshi , Yabe Miharu , Muramatsu Kazuhiro , Kohdera Urara , Nakadate Hisaya , Kitazawa Katsuhiko , Toyoda Yasunori , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDFamilial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis HLH (FHL) is fatal, unless patients are rescued with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Although the molecular identification of FHL now is possible at least in part from perforin gene study, many cases escape detection or never are tested due to the lack of specific hallmarks, making diagnosis difficult. To the authors' knowledge, it remains to be determined whether persistently low natural killer cell (NK) activity and a high incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disease increase the probability of FHL.METHODSThe authors analyzed 42 HLH patients age < 2 years, 13 of whom developed overt CNS disease and 5 of whom demonstrated persistently deficient NK activity (Group 1). The remaining 24 patients had no CNS disease and had NK activity of moderate decrease to within the normal range (Group 2).RESULTSIn Group 1, CNS symptoms were detected in 6 cases within 1 month and between 4.5–9 months in 6 other patients. In these cases, spotty lesions demonstrating a high T2 signal in the white matter were noted on brain magnetic resonance imaging. The survival was significantly poor for patients in Group 1 unless they were rescued with SCT, which was performed in 5 of the 13 patients with CNS disease and in all 5 patients with persistent NK activity deficiency. SCT was successful in 9 patients, with no CNS sequelae reported after the transplantation. Conversely, the prognosis of the 24 patients in Group 2 was better and only 1 patient required SCT.CONCLUSIONSVery young HLH patients (age < 2 years) who are at high risk of fatal FHL with persistently deficient NK activity and/or overt CNS disease require appropriate SCT to reverse CNS disease and achieve a complete cure. Cancer 2002;94:3023–31. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10515
Patient and provider characteristics that affect the use of axillary dissection in older women with Stage I–II breast carcinoma
Authors: Edge Stephen B. , Gold Karen , Berg Christine D. , Meropol Neal J. , Tsangaris Theodore N. , Gray Luther , Petersen Bert M. , Hwang Yi‐ting , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. ,   Outcomes and Preferences for Treatment in Older Women Nationwide Study Research Team
Published: August 2002

AbstractBACKGROUNDAxillary dissection for the evaluation and treatment of patients with breast carcinoma often is not performed in older women. The objective of this study was to examine patient, clinical, and surgeon characteristics associated with the use of axillary dissection after breast‐conserving surgery (BCS).METHODSA cohort of 464 women age ≥ 67 years who were newly diagnosed with Stage I–II breast carcinoma and who underwent BCS were surveyed along with their 158 surgeons, and their medical records were reviewed. Patient, tumor, and provider characteristics were examined for association with the omission of axillary dissection.RESULTSThe majority of women (63.4%) underwent axillary lymph node dissection after BCS. Increasing age was associated strongly with decreasing odds of undergoing axillary lymph node dissection, even after considering patient health and preferences, clinical factors, and provider factors (odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 0.05–0.27). Independent of age and other factors, women in the lowest quartile of physical functioning were 37% less likely to undergo axillary lymph node dissection compared with women in the highest quartile (OR, 0.63; 95%CI, 0.62–0.64). Patients who were cared for by surgeons with subspecialty training in oncology were 60% less likely to undergo axillary lymph node dissection compared with patients who were cared for by other surgeons, even after considering other factors (OR, 0.41; 95%CI, 0.25–0.68).CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study demonstrated a correlation between lower use of axillary dissection and advancing age, lower functional status, and greater surgeon training. These findings suggest that simple, age‐based considerations are important but are not the sole determinants of variations in treatment. Cancer 2002;94:2534–41. © 2002 American Cancer Society.DOI 10.1002/cncr.10540