bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms in patients with lung carcinoma
Authors: Tishelman Carol , Degner Lesley F. , Rudman Ann , Bertilsson Kristina , Bond Ruth , Broberger Eva , Doukkali Eva , Levealahti Helena 
Published: September 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe patient perspective on distress associated with lung carcinoma is important, yet understudied. Previous research on symptom experience generally had not differentiated the dimension symptom intensity/frequency from which symptoms are associated with most distress. The objective of the current study was to determine whether patterns of symptom intensity were similar to patterns of symptom distress, whether patterns were consistent at different time points, whether patterns varied by subgroups, and whether high symptom intensity was equivalent to distress.METHODSFour hundred adults who were newly diagnosed with inoperable lung carcinoma completed a measure of symptom intensity/frequency and a new measure of distress associated with symptoms at six time points during the first year after diagnosis. These data were supplemented by field notes by research nurses and by less structured, qualitative interviews.RESULTSThe mean ranking of distress in the total group and in all subgroups remained constant at all time points, with breathing, pain, and fatigue associated with the most distress. In contrast, the pattern of mean rank order of symptom intensity showed little consistency; however, fatigue had the highest intensity scores at all time points.CONCLUSIONSThe current data challenged the uncritical use of summated scores of different symptom items in the context of lung carcinoma. Breathing and pain appeared to function as icons representing threats associated with lung carcinoma, with distress described as related to the past and the present and to expectations for the future. One of the most promising implications of these data was in fostering a preventive paradigm for symptom palliation. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Efficient placement of rigid supports using finite element models
Authors: Friswell Michael I. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe correct design of flexible and rigid supports improves the performance of structures, by reducing deflections or increasing natural frequencies. The optimization of the location of rigid supports is difficult because the support reduces the number of modelled degrees of freedom. This paper introduces efficient methods for the analysis of models where the support occurs within the element. This allows a single relatively coarse element mesh to be used, while still providing accurate predictions of the effect of the support on the structure's static and dynamic response. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iteration and numerical computation for runoff regulation of hydropower station
Authors: Yu Guo , Shouyu Chen 
Published: September 2005

AbstractRunoff regulation of hydropower station is always an important point and difficult issue for researchers and engineers, and different methods have been advanced for obtaining simple and accurate results, but they do not often do good work. In this paper a new approach is presented to regulate runoff of hydropower station that through iterative equation for turbine discharge and construct numerical computation for runoff regulation of hydropower station. A case shows that the solution is simple, accurate and easy to use in practice. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reorder notifying TCP (RN‐TCP) with explicit packet drop notification (EPDN)
Authors: Sathiaseelan Arjuna , Radzik Tomasz 
Published: September 2005

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that packet reordering is common, especially in networks where there is high degree of parallelism and different link speeds. Reordering of packets decrease the TCP performance of a network, mainly because it leads to overestimation of the congestion in the network. In this paper, we analyse the performance of networks when reordering of packets occur. We propose a proactive solution that could significantly improve the performance of the network when reordering of packets occurs. We report results of our simulation experiments, which support this claim. Our solution is based on enabling the senders to distinguish between dropped packets and reordered packets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of groundwater in cliff instability: an example at Cape Blanc‐Nez (Pas‐de‐Calais, France)
Authors: Pierre Guillaume , Lahousse Philippe 
Published: September 2005

AbstractCliff retreat in northern Boulonnais is described. The distribution of the amount of retreat is related to structural and topographic factors. Both control the runoff–infiltration balance and therefore the mechanical behaviour of the rocks, which determines the modes of failure. The spatial variability of the retreat rate is explained, but predicting the temporal variability of the retreat rate, which is central to risk management, is much more difficult. Rainfall and piezometric surface data enhanced a ‘piston flow’ mechanism during November 2000. The result of its occurrence on the stability of the cliff and conditions of its recurrence are examined with a view to better understanding the rate of recession of coastal cliffs and wiser management of risk. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palaeomonsoon variability in the southern fringe of the Badain Jaran Desert, China, since 130 ka BP
Authors: Gao Quanzhou , Tao Zhen , Li Baosheng , Jin Heling , Zou Xueyong , Zhang Yechun , Dong Guangrong 
Published: September 2005

AbstractTaking the Chagelebulu Stratigraphic Profile as a typical example, a comprehensive study has been conducted to elucidate the palaeoclimatic and geomorphic evolution patterns in the southern fringe of the Badain Jaran Desert, which were found to be complex and polycyclic in the past 130 ka. However, the fluctuating magnitude is not as remarkable as that in the eastern China sandy region. The shift in climate from interglacial to glacial and the uplift process of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau are the two leading forces driving the evolution of the climate and desert landforms in this area. Seventeen cycles of cold, dry and warm, humid climatic stages were recognized in the Upper Pleistocene Series of the profile. The sharp uplift of the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau superimposed a cool and arid climatic trend in this area. As a result of the climatic changes, the desert in this area has undergone multiple stages of expansion and contraction since 130 ka bp. The middle Holocene Epoch and the early stage of the Late Pleistocene Period were the main periods when the sand dunes became stabilized, and the early and late phases of the Holocene Epoch and late phase of the Pleistocene Epoch were the main periods when the previously stabilized sand dunes became mobile. The late phase of the Pleistocene Epoch was the most mobile stage, when the aeolian sand activities formed the essential geomorphic pattern of the Badain Jaran Desert. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Rb/Sr record of catchment weathering response to Holocene climate change in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Jin Zhangdong , Cao Junji , Wu Jinglu , Wang Sumin 
Published: September 2005

AbstractVariation in the rubidium to strontium (Rb/Sr) ratio of the loess–palaeosol sequences has been proposed to reflect the degree of pedogenesis and weathering in the northwestern region of China. To characterize the Rb/Sr ratio of the dissolved loads of a single catchment, we analysed a 12·08 m sediment core from Daihai Lake in Inner Mongolia, north China. Dating control was provided by 210Pb, 137Cs and AMS‐14C. Sequential extraction experiments were conducted to investigate the concentrations of Rb and Sr on various chemical fractions in the lake sediments. Down‐core variation in the Rb/Sr ratios provides a record of Holocene weathering history. From 9 to 3·5 ka bp, accelerated chemical weathering was experienced throughout the Daihai catchment under mainly warm and humid conditions, and this reached a maximum at c. 5 ka bp. However, weathering was reduced between c. 8·25 and 7·90 ka bp, which may reflect the global 8·2 ka cooling event. After c. 2·5 ka bp, increased Rb/Sr ratios with higher frequency of fluctuations indicate reduced weathering within the Daihai catchment. The highest Rb/Sr ratios in the Little Ice Age lake sediments indicate the weakest phase of Holocene chemical weathering, resulting from a marked reduction in Sr flux into the basin. The Rb/Sr record also shows an enhancement of chemical weathering under today's climate, but its intensity is less than that of the Medieval Warm Period. Increased Rb/Sr in lake sediment corresponding to reduced catchment weathering is in striking contrast to Rb/Sr decrease in the glacial loess layers in the loess–palaeosol sequence. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retinoid‐mediated stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in myeloid leukemic cell lines requires RARα and RXR and involves the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase and ERK‐MAP kinase pathways
Authors: Hughes Philip J. , Zhao Yi , Chandraratna Roshantha A. , Brown Geoffrey 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAll‐trans retinoic acid and 9‐cis‐retinoic acid stimulate the activity of steroid sulfatase in HL60 acute myeloid leukemia cells in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Neither of these ‘natural retinoids’ augmented steroid sulfatase activity in a HL60 sub‐line that expresses a dominant‐negative retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). Experiments with synthetic RAR and RXR agonists and antagonists suggest that RARα/RXR heterodimers play a role in the retinoid‐stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity. The retinoid‐driven increase in steroid sulfatase activity was attenuated by inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD), but not by inhibitors of phospholipase C. Experiments with inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) show that PKCα and PKCδ play an important role in modulating the retinoid‐stimulation of steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells. Furthermore, we show that pharmacological inhibition of the RAF‐1 and ERK MAP kinases blocked the retinoid‐stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells and, by contrast, inhibition of the p38‐MAP kinase or JNK‐MAP kinase had no effect. Pharmacological inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, Akt, and PDK‐1 also abrogated the retinoid‐stimulated increase in steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells. These results show that crosstalk between the retinoid‐stimulated genomic and non‐genomic pathways is necessary to increase steroid sulfatase activity in HL60 cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure investigation of Maltacine D1a, D1b and D1c—cyclic peptide lactones of the Maltacine complex from Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hagelin Gunnar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractA new complex of cyclic peptide lactone antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis, which we named Maltacines has recently been described. The structure elucidation of three of them is reported in this paper. The amino acid sequences and structures of the peptides were found by MSn of the ring‐opened linear peptides that gave uninterrupted sequences of Bn and Y″n ions. The identities of four unknown residues in the sequences were solved by a combination of derivatisation with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), high‐resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange. The nature and position of the cyclic structure was disclosed by a chemo‐selective ring opening with Na18OH and was found to be a lactone formed between a hydroxyl of residue number 4 and the C‐terminal amino acid number 12. For verification of the structure of the B2+ ion, peptides with different combinations of P/Q and P/K at the N‐terminus were synthesized. The structures of the four peptides is tentatively suggested to be: D1a: cyclo(4,12)‐P‐Q‐Y‐Adip‐A‐E‐T‐Y‐Orn‐HGly‐Y‐I‐OH, D1b: cyclo(4,12)‐P‐Q‐Y‐Adip‐A‐E‐T‐Y‐Orn‐S‐Y‐I‐OH and D1c: cyclo(4,12)‐P‐Q‐Y‐Adip‐A‐E‐T‐Y‐K‐S‐Y‐I‐OH. Adip = aminodihydroxy pentanoic acid and HGly = hydroxyglycine. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in calcium absorption and subsequent tissue distribution induced by Maillard reaction products: in vitro and in vivo assays
Authors: Delgado‐Andrade Cristina , Seiquer Isabel , Navarro M Pilar 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe effects of Maillard reaction products (MRP) from glucose–lysine and glucose–methionine on calcium bioavailability were studied by in vivo (rats) and in vitro (Caco‐2 cells) assays. Equimolar glucose/lysine and glucose/methionine mixtures (40% moisture) were heated (150 °C, 30 min) to prepare samples (GL30 and GM30, respectively). For 21 days, rats were fed a control diet (control group) or diets containing separately 3% of the heated mixtures (GL30 and GM30 groups, respectively). In the last week a calcium balance was performed, after which the animals were sacrificed and some organs and serum were removed to analyze calcium levels. A second balance was carried out throughout the experimental period to calculate global calcium retention (retained calcium during the entire 21 days). Unheated and heated samples were used for calcium transport experiments in Caco‐2 cells. Food intake and final body weight were lower in the GM30 group. Calcium fecal excretion decreased and digestibility increased in this group. Accordingly, increased calcium transport in Caco‐2 cells was found in the presence of the GM30 sample, when compared with the unheated sample. However, global calcium retention tended to decrease in the GM30 group, mainly owing to the lower food intake. Bone calcium concentrations decreased in the animals fed the MRP diets. The possible long‐term effects of MRP intake on calcium digestibility and bone calcium should be taken into account to avoid related diseases. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Sacral versus pudendal nerve stimulation for voiding dysfunction: A prospective, single‐blinded, randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Feber Kevin M. , Bennett Richard C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractAimsThe objective of the study was to compare sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) to pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) for voiding dysfunction.MethodsThirty subjects with voiding dysfunction had a tined lead placed at S3 and a second electrode implanted at the pudendal nerve via a posterior approach. In a blinded, randomized fashion, each lead was tested for 7 days. Voiding diaries and questionnaires were completed and outcomes monitored.ResultsThe time to place a sacral lead was 25.85 min, pudendal lead 23.71 min (P = 0.57). Twenty‐four of 30 (80%) subjects responded and had a permanent implant placed. PNS was chosen as a superior lead in 79.2%, SNS was superior in 20.8%. The order in which the lead was simulated had no impact on the final lead implanted and no carry over effect was seen. Overall reduction in symptoms was 63% for PNS and 46% for SNS (P = 0.02). On a 7‐point scale from markedly worse to markedly better, the pudendal lead was superior to sacral for pelvic pain (P = 0.024), urgency (P = 0.005), frequency (P = 0.007), and bowel function (P = 0.049). Complications were minimal.ConclusionsThis is the first blinded study of sacral versus pudendal stimulation for voiding dysfunction. Successful implantation of a pudendal lead was achieved in all subjects. The majority of subjects chose PNS to be superior to SNS. More patients and longer term data is needed to confirm these promising results. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monolithic modelling of electro‐mechanical coupling in micro‐structures
Authors: Rochus V. , Rixen D. J. , Golinval J.‐C. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present work is to model and to simulate the coupling between the electric and mechanical fields. A new finite element approach is proposed to model strong electro‐mechanical coupling in micro‐structures with capacitive effect. The proposed approach is based on a monolithic formulation: the electric and the mechanical fields are solved simultaneously in the same formulation. This method provides a tangent stiffness matrix for the total coupled problem which allows to determine accurately the pull‐in voltage and the natural frequency of electro‐mechanical systems such as MEMs. To illustrate the methodology results are shown for the analysis of a micro‐bridge. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metropolitan restructuring (and more restructuring) in South Africa
Authors: Cameron Robert 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article analyses the evolution of metropolitan government in South Africa. During the past ten years South Africa has progressed from having no metropolitan government, to a two‐tier metropolitan system and now to a single‐tier metropolitan system. The ruling African National Congress (ANC) prefers single‐tier metropolitan authorities as a means to, inter alia, promote redistribution of resources and services, promote strategic land‐use planning and facilitate economic and social development. A single‐tier system was accordingly introduced in 2000. The major thrust of this article is an examination of the process that led to the introduction of six metropolitan governments, and the theoretical debates that underpinned this decision. It also analyses new types of executive systems, forms of public participation, development and service delivery. Finally, it provides a preliminary analysis of the performance of the new metropolitan governments. The article argues that structural reform, territorial changes, development in local government and new forms of service delivery have seriously overburdened local government in the short term and have detracted from service delivery. These unitary metros have, however, been operating for less than four years and must be given time to prove themselves before an informed evaluation can be made. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The governance of metropolitan areas in Canada
Authors: Sancton Andrew 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThis article briefly examines five significant Canadian developments with respect to the governance of metropolitan areas: annexations and mergers such that there is one main municipal government for the metropolitan area, two‐tier metropolitan government, the amalgamation of two‐tier metropolitan systems into a single municipality, demergers in Quebec, and the creation of flexible and innovative entities for metropolitan governance. Special attention is paid to the Greater Toronto Area, a continuous built‐up urban area that transcends at least three metropolitan areas as defined by Statistics Canada. In the absence of any authority covering the entire metropolitan area, it now appears that the Ontario provincial government is becoming the key policy maker. As an example of a flexible and innovative form of metropolitan governance, the Greater Vancouver Regional District merits attention elsewhere in the world. Canada's experiences with so many different institutional arrangements in recent years means that there is much to be learnt from their obvious failures and occasional successes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular‐microscopic characterization of 10 binary solvent mixtures based on solvatochromic reference solutes: a comparison of multiparametric empirical solvent scales
Authors: Mancini P. M. , Vottero L. R. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractThe main objective of this work was the comparison of molecular‐microscopic solvent descriptors measured from different solvatochromic reference probes. The π*, β and α (Kamlet, Abboud and Taft) and SPP, SB and SA (Catalán and co‐workers) multiparametric approaches were selected for this analysis. Attention was focused on the comparison of paired measurements corresponding to different types of binary solvent mixtures in which the pure solvents are able to form molecular associates by specific intermolecular interactions. The linear correlation between paired parameters measured using both scales was analyzed in order to investigate the strength of the relationship between them. Taking into account that the correlation coefficient says nothing about the magnitude of the differences between paired solvent descriptors, the Bland and Altman method was applied in order to establish the degree of agreement between different scales which measure the same solvent molecular‐microscopic property. Although both multiparametric approaches are fairly powerful tools to quantify the molecular‐microscopic solvent properties of pure and mixed solvents, the unequivocally correct measurements remain unknown. It can be considered that the mean of paired values is the best estimate available. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractionation process in TREF systems: Validation of thermodynamic model and calculation procedure by Raman LAM studies
Authors: Tomba J. Pablo , Carella José M. , Pastor Jośe M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn this paper, possible sources for the unexpected distributions of crystalline sequence lengths calculated from temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) calibration experiments, as reported in a previous work, are investigated. With this aim, chain folding and cocrystalization phenomena were explored in the conditions of crystallization as used for TREF or crystallization analysis fractionation (CRYSTAF). Slow crystallizations were performed from xylene solutions of model low molecular weight ethylene homopolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions. The same experiments were performed with homopolymers having narrow molecular weight distributions and with blends having wide molecular weight distributions. The resulting distributions of the lengths of crystalline methylene sequences were directly studied by Raman in the so‐called longitudinal acoustic mode (LAM) and by DSC. For ethylene homopolymers with molecular weights below 2000 g/mol, the results from Raman LAM indicate that slow crystallization in TREF or CRYSTAF systems occurs in the extended‐chain mode. For higher molecular weights, evidence of chain folding was found. In the case of blends, independent crystallization was observed for each molecular weight when the molecular weight ranges used for the blends are relatively narrow. Cocrystallization was observed when this range was increased. Overall, these results strongly support the inverse technique calculation procedure developed by our group for the calculation of distributions of lengths of crystallizable sequences from TREF spectra. In this context, the results confirm that the unexpected crystallizable sequence lengths found in our previous work really exist and can be associated to chain folding or cocrystallization phenomena. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3083–3092, 2005
Additional antiprotozoal constituents from Cuphea pinetorum, a plant used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat diarrhoea
Authors: Calzada Fernando 
Published: September 2005

AbstractIn addition to kaempferol and quercetin already found in the roots from Cuphea pinetorum, bioassay‐guided fractionation of the crude extract of the aerial part of this species gave four flavonoid glycosides, quercetin‐3‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐α‐l‐rhamnopyranoside and apigenin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside, as well as squalen and β‐sitosterol. In vitro antiamoebic and antigiardial activities of isolated compounds indicated that kaempferol is the principal antiprotozoal agent in C. pinetorum. Based on finding this antiprotozoal inhibitor, flavonoids were studied in order to elucidate structure‐activity relationships. These data suggest that kaempferol may play an important role in antidiarrhoeal activity of C. pinetorum. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.