bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polyethylene terephthalate for ABO and Rh typing and alloantibody screening
Authors: Anderson D.R. , Wiseman J. , MacLeod J. , Burton E. , Zayed E. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: For many years, hospitals and laboratories have used evacuated glass tubes for blood collection. To improve the safety of blood collection, plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tubes (Vacutainer PLUS, Becton Dickinson) have been developed. The objectives of this study were to compare the accuracy of ABO grouping, Rh typing, and antibody screening of blood samples collected in plastic tubes with that in glass tubes and to determine if refrigerated blood samples collected in plastic tubes remained stable over a 28‐day period.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 121 volunteers, at least 30 from each of the A, B, O, and AB blood groups, in four types of Vacutainer tubes: silica‐coated plastic, K2 EDTA plastic, uncoated glass, and K2 EDTA glass. Samples from each tube were tested for ABO group and Rh type by use of the microtyping gel identification card system and the tube method. A three‐cell antibody screen was performed by the microtyping gel card technique with a monospecific IgG reagent. Initial samples were tested within 3 hours of collection. Refrigerated samples were retested for ABO and Rh type and antibody screening 1, 2, 21, and 28 days later. Agreement between test results was determined by using Cohen's Kappa statistic.RESULTS: Complete agreement was observed between the ABO and Rh typing results in samples drawn into glass and plastic tubes of both the EDTA and nonanticoagulated type (κ = 1.0). In retesting, there were no examples of a change in ABO or Rh type over the 28‐day study period. Only two alloantibodies (1.7%) were identified in the 121 samples, and no difference was observed in alloantibody expression in either plastic or glass Vacutainer tubes over the 28‐day study period.CONCLUSION: Samples collected into the PET serum or EDTA tubes provided accurate ABO and Rh typing results that remained consistent over a 28‐day period. Samples collected in these tubes also appeared to enable accurate alloantibody identification. However, the number of alloantibodies identified in this study was small, and this result should be confirmed in a larger series.
Automated RBC exchange transfusion:treatment for cerebral malaria
Authors: Weir E.G. , King K.E. , Ness P.M. , Eshleman S.H. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Cerebral malaria is a life‐threatening complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. RBC exchange transfusion can reduce the level of parasitemia in this setting. Experience with automated RBC exchange for cerebral malaria may be limited, as most cases occur when the necessary equipment and blood components are not readily available.CASE REPORTS: Three patients were admitted with cerebral malaria. Parasites were found in more than 30 percent of RBCs in two cases and in more than 60 percent of RBCs in the third case. Many RBCs contained multiple organisms. In each case, antimalarial therapy was begun, and an automated RBC exchange was performed emergently with a cell separator. Exchange transfusion was repeated within 24 hours for two patients. Parasitemia levels were less than 1 percent in all patients 24 hours after the last exchange. The neurologic status of these patients returned to baseline, and they were discharged 7 to 18 days after admission.CONCLUSION: Automated RBC exchange transfusion can rapidly reduce the level of parasitemia and restore neurologic functioning in patients with cerebral malaria.
Secretor genotyping for A385T, G428A, C571T, C628T, 685delTGG, G849A, and other mutations from a single PCR
Authors: Svensson L. , Petersson A. , Henry S.M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The secretor status of an individual is important for disease relationship studies, because it determines the presence of ABH blood group antigens in the gastrointestinal tract and bodily secretions. Routine serologic methods for determining secretor status are unreliable. Current strategies based on PCR for genotyping require relatively large amounts of DNA and have to be done as several separate experiments.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A single, multiplex PCR technique followed by RFLP digestion with four restriction enzymes produced unique genotype profiles for most known secretor (FUT2) mutations.RESULTS: Samples from a range of individuals with common and rare secretor genotypes were analyzed. Each gave unique patterns that allowed secretor genotypes to be determined.CONCLUSION: By using the method described here and genomic DNA, a secretor genotype based on the FUT2 mutations A385T, G428A, C571T, C628T, 685delTGG, and G849A could be accurately determined.
A hypotonic storage solution did not prolong the viability of RBCs
Authors: Babcock J.G. , Lippert L.E. , Derse‐Anthony C.P. , Mechling M. , Hess J.R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Hypotonic storage solutions and WBC filtration are both reported to improve RBC viability. This study tested the ability of an investigational hypotonic storage solution (AS‐24, Medsep Corp.) to extend the viability of liquid‐stored RBCs to 8 weeks.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In a pair of crossover trials, 11 RBC units, WBC‐reduced by filtration and stored in AS‐24 for 8 weeks, were compared with units from the same donors that were stored for 6 weeks in AS‐3, and 13 RBC units, WBC‐reduced by filtration and stored in AS‐3 for 8 weeks, were compared with units from the same donors that were stored for 6 weeks in AS‐3. Viability was measured by the 51Cr/99mTc double‐isotope method.RESULTS: RBC viability at 8 weeks averaged 64 ± 3 percent in the AS‐24 units and 67 ± 2 percent in the AS‐3 units. It was equal at 77 ± 3 percent and 77 ± 2 percent after 6 weeks' storage in AS‐3 in both trials.CONCLUSIONS: Prestorage WBC reduction and storage in AS‐24 did not extend RBC viability to 8 weeks. The improved viability previously demonstrated with storage of dilute suspensions of RBCs in hypotonic solutions is probably caused by factors other than the hypotonicity.
MAM: a “new” high‐incidence antigen found on multiple cell lines
Authors: Montgomery William M. , Nance Sandra J. , Donnelly Sarah F. , Brady Thomas W. , Anderson Garth , Mintz Paul D. , Moulds Marilyn K. , Daniels Geoff L. , Spring Frances A. , Molina Nelly , De Asis Eleanor A. , Olivares Esperanza 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Three women have been identified with an antibody to a “new” high‐incidence antigen found on multiple cell lines.CASE REPORTS: The proposita, M.A.M., presented during her third pregnancy with an antibody reacting with all RBCs tested except her own. She delivered a thrombocytopenic infant with a 3+ DAT, but without symptoms of HDN. The second example, A.N., presented during her third pregnancy with an antibody reacting with all RBCs tested except her own and those of M.A.M. She delivered a slightly thrombocytopenic but severely anemic infant. The third example, F.K., a sister of A.N., has an antibody reacting with all RBCs tested except her own and those of M.A.M. and A.N.CONCLUSION: This “new” high‐incidence antigen has been named MAM and assigned high‐incidence antigen number 901016 by the International Society of Blood Transfusion. The corresponding antibody, anti‐MAM, has been shown to cause HDN and has the potential to shorten RBC survival after the transfusion of incompatible RBC units, as determined by monocyte monolayer assay. Immunoblotting and flow cytometry show that this new antibody reacts with various WBC lines in addition to RBCs. This antibody also appears to react with platelets in some assays.
Evaluation of an automated system for the collection of packed RBCs, platelets, and plasma
Authors: Elfath M. Dean , Whitley Pamela , Jacobson May S. , Cranfill‐Hupp Kathy , Kemp Donna M. , McNeil Deanna , Sawyer Sherrie , Bell‐Dize Sharon , Gorlin Jed B. , Kevy Sherwin V. , McAteer Michael J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the quality of WBC‐reduced platelets, RBCs, and plasma collected on a new system (Trima, Gambro BCT) designed to automate the collection of all blood components. The study also evaluated donor safety and suitability of these components for transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In Phase I, the quality of the components collected on the new system was evaluated by standard in vitro and in vivo testing methods. Results were compared to those from control components collected by currently approved standard methods. In Phase II, additional collections were performed to evaluate the acceptability of the new system and the safety of platelets collected.RESULTS: In vivo 24‐hour RBC recovery was 76.8 ± 3.1 percent for the test RBC units and 77.1 ± 4.4 percent recovery for whole‐blood (control) RBCs. The differences between test and control platelet results in the in vivo and in vitro assays were not clinically significant. Plasma clotting factors and fibrinogen levels met international standards. The system was well accepted by donors, and no major adverse donor reactions were reported for the 68 procedures performed. No problems were reported with transfusing the blood components collected.CONCLUSION: Blood components collected with the Trima are equivalent to currently available components, and they meet the applicable regulatory standards. This system provides consistent, standardized components with predictable yields. It provides the option of fully automating the collection of all blood components.
Total hip replacement surgery does not influence RBC survival
Authors: Van Iperen Charlotte E. , Van De Wiel Albert , De Bruin Marcel , Marx Joannes J.M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: RBC survival may be affected by mechanical or oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory effect of surgery, and thus may contribute to postoperative anemia.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBC survival was studied in otherwise healthy patients who underwent total hip replacement (THR). RBCs of five patients scheduled for elective THR surgery were labeled with 51Cr 2 weeks before the surgical procedure. The disappearance of 51Cr‐labeled RBCs was calculated for the preoperative period and for the period from postoperative Day 4 on, when blood loss had ceased.RESULTS: The half‐life of 51Cr‐labeled RBCs did not change if estimated before (29.0 ± 4.4 days) and after (27.4 ± 3.6 days, p = 0.55) surgery. This indicates that the lifespan of RBCs is not influenced by the surgical procedure.CONCLUSION: A decrease in RBC survival does not contribute to the pathogenesis of the anemia found after THR surgery.
HCV lookback in the United States:effectiveness of an extended lookback program
Authors: Menozzi Delia , Udulutch Troy , Llosa Augusto E. , Galel Susan A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: In 1998, the FDA recommended look‐back for HCV. The recommendation was initially limited, however, to donors who reacted on a multiantigen HCV screening test and to components collected since January 1, 1988. A lookback program was extended to include donors who reacted on the first‐generation (single‐antigen) HCV screening test and who were positive on a supplemental assay (RIBA‐1 or ‐2) and all components for which transfusion records could be found (back to 1978).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The yield of the incremental lookback programs was compared to that originally recommended by the FDA by comparing the number of newly identified HCV‐positive recipients in each program. The results of lookbacks were reviewed on 385 blood components for which 314 transfusion recipients were identified.RESULTS: Of the 135 recipients in the FDA program, 70 percent were dead, 28 percent were living and notified, and 2 percent could not be located. In the incremental programs, there were 179 recipients, of whom 80.4 percent were dead, 16.2 percent were living and notified, and 3.4 percent could not be located. Most adult recipients were dead (81%), but the majority of pediatric recipients were alive (57%); 76 percent of tested recipients were HCV seropositive, with no significant difference between programs. One‐half of test‐positive recipients in each program were newly identified through the lookback program. Seven of the 20 newly identified HCV‐positive recipients were found through the incremental programs. The yield, defined as newly detected HCV cases per total number of recipients, was 9.6 percent for the FDA and 3.9 percent for the incremental programs. This difference was significant (p = 0.04).CONCLUSION: The yield of both programs was limited by the high percentage of recipients who had died. Pediatric recipients were more likely to be living at the time of notification. The incremental program was less efficacious than the FDA program in identifying newly HCV‐positive recipients, but one‐third of the newly detected HCV cases were identified through the incremental program.
Detecting failed WBC‐reduction processes:computer simulations of intermittent and continuous process failure
Authors: Adams Melanie R. , Fisher Dennis M. , Dumont Larry J. , Dzik Walter H. , Heaton William A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: By regulation, ongoing process control of WBC‐reduced processes is performed on 1 percent of WBC‐reduced components, typically four to five samples per month. However, prospective study of the power of this small sample has been difficult. Using computer‐generated “residual WBC” distributions, sample size sensitivity to continuous or intermittent WBC‐reduction failure was examined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Populations of log‐normally distributed values (mean ± SD, 4.5 ± 0.5; n = 105) were generated. Continuous failure (log‐normality maintained) was simulated by incrementally increasing the population mean or its SD. Intermittent failure (bimodal distributions with discrete subpopulations of WBCs > the FDA cutoff) was simulated by admixing increasing percentages of secondary outlier populations. Sample sizes of 4 to 60 were examined (500 repetitions each) for their power to detect drift or failure by standard control criteria.RESULTS: Normally distributed low variance failure was easily detected by comparison of the mean of four samples to an upper control limit (95% confidence of detecting 2% failure). However, 40 samples were required to detect > 5 percent intermittent (bimodal) failure or high variance failure with 90‐percent confidence, and only if individual WBC values were compared to cutoff.CONCLUSION: Sampling error limits the detection of high variance or bimodal distributions. While the mean of a small sample is highly sensitive to shifts in a low‐variance normal distribution, the detection of a high‐variance bimodal population requires a large number of individual values compared to cutoff. Therefore, the number of samples required for confident failure detection depends on both the nature of the underlying distribution and the interpretive criteria. Further research is necessary to determine the true distributions of WBC‐reduction process failure, as well as clinically relevant quality limits.
Selecting donors of platelets for refractory patientson the basis of HLA antibody specificity
Authors: Petz Lawrence D. , Garratty George , Calhoun Loni , Clark Bill D. , Terasaki Paul I. , Gresens Christopher , Gornbein Jeffrey A. , Landaw Elliot M. , Smith Randy , Cecka J. Michael 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Patients who are refractory to platelet transfusion as a result of HLA alloimmunization are generally given HLA‐matched or crossmatched platelets. However, HLA‐matched platelets that are matched at HLA‐A and ‐B loci (A‐matched) or those without any mismatched or cross‐reactive antigens (BU‐matched) are frequently unavailable. A disadvantage of crossmatching is that crossmatched platelets have a shelf life of only 5 days, so that crossmatch tests must be performed frequently for patients requiring long‐term platelet transfusions. An alternative method is the selection of platelets according to the patient's HLA antibody specificity, called the antibody specificity prediction (ASP) method.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An anti‐human globulin‐enhanced microlymphocytotoxicity test modified by a double addition of serum and a computer program were used to determine the specificity of patients' HLA antibodies. Platelet crossmatching was performed with a solid‐phase adherence assay. The percentage of platelet recovery (PPR) was determined in 1621 platelet transfusions in an observational study in 114 patients, and the PPR of platelets selected by the ASP method was compared with the PPR of those that were HLA‐matched, crossmatched, or randomly selected. The numbers of potential donors in files of HLA‐typed donors as identified by HLA matching vs. the ASP method were determined.RESULTS: After adjustments for covariates, the mean ± SEM PPR was similar for HLA‐matched (21 ± 4%), cross‐matched (23 ± 4%), and ASP‐selected (24 ± 3%) platelets and was significantly lower for randomly selected (15 ± 1.4%) platelets. For 29 alloimmunized HLA‐typed patients, the mean number of potential donors found in a file of 7247 HLA‐typed donors was 6 who were an HLA‐A match (median = 1), 33 who were an HLA‐BU match (median = 20), and 1426 who were identified by the ASP method (median = 1365).CONCLUSION: The ASP method of donor selection for refractory alloimmunized patients appears as effective as HLA matching or crossmatching. Far more donors are identified in a file of HLA‐typed donors by the ASP method than by HLA matching, and this indicates that the ASP method provides important advantages regarding the availability of compatible platelet components.
Primitive human HPCs are better maintained and expanded in vitro at 1 percent oxygen than at 20 percent
Authors: Ivanović Zoran , Sbarba Persio Dello , Trimoreau Franck , Faucher Jean‐Luc , Praloran Vincent 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The liquid culture of murine bone marrow cells at 1‐percent oxygen maintains the balance between primative progenitor cell renewal and clonogenic progenitor expansion better than that at 20‐percent oxygen. These results are of potential interest for the ex vivo expansion of human progenitor cells, as low O2 tension could preserve the engraftment potential of cultured apheresis products.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: G–CSF‐mobilized blood cells collected by apheresis, now the main source of progenitor cells for autologous transplantation, were cultured at 1‐percent and 20‐percent O2 for 7 days in serum‐free liquid cultures in the presence of IL‐3 and SCF (5 ng/mL). The growth of the clonogenic progenitors (CFU–GM, BFU–E, CFU–Mix) and of the more primitive human HPCs that are capable of generating clongenic progenitors in secondary liquid culture, as well as the proliferation and differentiation of total and CD34+ cells, was analyzed.RESULTS: The expansion of CD34+ cells and of clonogenic progenitors was significantly lower in liquid cultures at 1‐percent O2 than at 20‐percent O2. On the contrary, the primitive human HPCs were better maintained and expanded at 1‐percent O2, although the number of CD34+ cells remaining quiescent was lower. After 7 days of liquid culture at 1‐percent or 20‐percent O2 the percentage of CD34+ cells was similar. However, the CD34+ cells that divided more than four times (PKH2 staining) were more numerous in liquid cultures incubated at 1‐percent O2.CONCLUSION: When cultured at 1‐percent O2 for 7 days in presence of IL‐3 and SCF, the CD34+ cells present in apheresis components underwent more cell divisions and better maintained their primitive progenitor cell potential. As suggested by previous results in mice, our data on human cells emphasize the potential interest of cultures at low O2 tension (1%) for cell therapy protocols aimed at expanding primitive HPCs in autografts.
Donor age‐related differences in PBPC mobilization with rHuG–CSF
Authors: De la Rubia Javier , Díaz Miguel A. , Verdeguer Amparo , Pascual Maria J. , Arbona Cristina , Arrieta Rosario , Brunet Salut , Bargay Joan , Martínez Carmen , Espigado Ildefonso , Serrano David , Alegre Adrián , De Arriba Felipe , De la Serna Javier , Zamora Concha , Benlloch Luis , Sanz Miguel A. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Data on the administration of rHuG–CSF to normal donors <18 years old are very limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The results of rHuG–CSF administration to 61 donors <18 years old (Group A) were retrospectively evaluated and compared with results from 353 donors ≥18 years old (Group B) who are included in the Spanish National Donor Registry. The mean age (range) in Group A and B was 14 (1‐17) and 38 (18‐71) years, respectively (p<0.001). The mean dose of rHuG–CSF was 10 μg per kg per day (range, 9‐16) during a mean of 5 days (range, 4‐6). Central venous access was placed more frequently in younger donors (25% vs. 6%; p<0.001).RESULTS: The mean number of CD34+ cells collected was 7.6 and 6.9 × 106 per kg of donor′s body weight in Group A and B, respectively. Fifty‐six percent of Group A donors needed only one apheresis to achieve ≥4 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg versus 39 percent of Group B donors (p = 0.01). Side effects were more common in Group B (71% vs. 41%; p<0.001).CONCLUSION: The administration of rHuG–CSF to donors <18 years old leads to CD34+ cell mobilization in a pattern similar to that observed in adults. Greater age was associated with a more frequent requirement for more than one apheresis to achieve a similar number of CD34+ cells.
A randomized controlled trial oftransfusion‐related acute lung injury: is plasma from multiparous blood donors dangerous?
Authors: Palfi Miodrag , Berg Sören , Ernerudh Jan , Berlin Gösta 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) and other posttransfusion reactions may be caused by granulocyte and/or HLA antibodies, which are often present in blood from multiparous donors. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plasma from multiparous donors with those of plasma from donors with no history of transfusion or pregnancy (control plasma) in a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, crossover study.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Intensive care patients, judged to need at least 2 units of plasma, were randomly assigned to receive a unit of control plasma and, 4 hours later, a plasma unit from a multiparous donor (≥3 live births) or to receive the plasma units in opposite order. The patients were closely monitored, and body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded. Blood samples for analysis of blood gases, TNFα, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, soluble E selectin, and C3d complement factor were collected at least on four occasions (before and after the transfusion of each unit).RESULTS: Transfusion of plasma from multiparous donors was associated with significantly lower oxygen saturation and higher TNFα concentrations than transfusion of control plasma. The mean arterial pressure increased significantly after the transfusion of control plasma, whereas plasma from multiparous donors had no effect on it. Five posttransfusion reactions were observed in 100 patients, in four cases after the transfusion of plasma from multiparous donors.CONCLUSION: Plasma from multiparous blood donors may impair pulmonary function in intensive care unit patients.