bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative study on drug use in pregnancy: the results of the follow‐up 10 years after (Novi Sad Centre)
Authors: Sabo A. , Stanulović M. , Jakovljević V. , Grujić Z. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn international multicenter study entitled Collaborative Study on Drug Use in Pregnancy (DUP) was initiated in 1987 by the Mario Negri Institute (Milano) and co‐sponsored by the WHO Regional Office for Europe (Copenhagen). The study covered the use of medicines during pregnancy, labour and postpartum period. The Novi Sad centre contributed with 296 questionnaires. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacotherapy by means of comparison, to identify problems in a particular settings and to plan actions toward improvement. The prescribing of some medicines in the Novi Sad center was found to be at the extreme, being among the lowest in the use of iron preparations during pregnancy and among the highest in the use of ergot alkaloids in the postpartum period. Educational efforts have been made to change this practice after the conclusion of the study in 1989. Ten years later, in 1999, the same questionnaire was applied to 100 women in the postpartum period in the same nursery, the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Novi Sad. The results have shown a distinct improvement with the increase of iron prescribing during pregnancy and almost complete abandonment of postpartum use of ergot alkaloids. In the second study period some other inconsistencies with accepted therapeutical principles were identified. For example, although the use of analgesics fell from 22.3 to 8%, the selection changed towards the high use of metamizole (noraminophenazone) and no use of paracetamol (acetaminophen). It was concluded that international pharmacoepidemiological studies such as DUP, could substantially contribute to the improvement of pharmacotherapy if followed by appropriate actions in changing the prescribing behaviour of the physicians and information directed to the target population. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revitalizing the General Practice Research Database: plans, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Wood Louise , Coulson Rosalind 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe General Practice Research Database (GPRD) is the world's largest computerized database of anonymized longitudinal patient records from general practice and is a unique public health research tool. Several issues have threatened the viability of the database in recent years; in April 1999 responsibility for its management and financial control was transferred to the UK Medicines Control Agency (MCA). This presentation outlines the MCA's plans and future vision for the GPRD. © Crown copyright 2001. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐prescribing of medications used to treat obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure and depression among users of topical beta blockers: estimates from three US Veterans Affairs Medical Centers
Authors: Valuck Robert J. , Perlman Jay I. , Anderson Carolyn , Wortman George I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the frequency of co‐prescribing of medications used to treat obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure, and depression among US armed service veterans for whom topical beta blockers (TBB) have been prescribed.MethodsPrescription data from the computerized medical record systems of three US Veterans Affairs Medical Centers were obtained during Fall 1999 to identify patients for whom active prescriptions existed for TBB and/or drugs commonly used to treat obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure, and depression.ResultsAmong TBB users, the estimated co‐prescribing rate of medications used to treat obstructive lung disease is in the range of 7.8–9.7%, of medications used to treat congestive heart failure is in the range of 4.3–25.1%, and of medications used to treat depression is in the range of 8.8–11.7%. The total number of TBB users with a concurrent prescription for one or more of the conditions studied was in the range of 30.2–45.7%.ConclusionsSince TBB may cause systemic side‐effects and thus potentially cause exacerbations of selected chronic conditions, it is important for researchers and prescribers to be aware of the frequency with which their patients with glaucoma may have other concomitant conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy issues and the monitoring of sumatriptan in the New Zealand Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme
Authors: Coulter David M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how the New Zealand (NZ) Intensive Medicines Monitoring Programme (IMMP) functions in relation to NZ privacy laws and to describe the attitudes of patients to drug safety monitoring and the privacy of their personal and health information.MethodsThe IMMP undertakes prospective observational event monitoring cohort studies on new drugs. The cohorts are established from prescription data and the events are obtained using prescription event monitoring and spontaneous reporting. Personal details, prescribing history of the monitored drugs and adverse events data are stored in databases long term. The NZ Health Information Privacy Code is outlined and the monitoring of sumatriptan is used to illustrate how the IMMP functions in relation to the Code. Patient responses to the programme are described.ResultsSumatriptan was monitored in 14 964 patients and 107 646 prescriptions were recorded. There were 2344 reports received describing 3987 adverse events. A majority of the patients were involved in the recording of events data either personally or by telephone interview. There were no objections to the monitoring process on privacy grounds.ConclusionGiven the fact that all reasonable precautions are taken to ensure privacy, patients perceive drug safety to have greater priority than any slight risk of breach of confidentiality concerning their personal details and health information. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telomerization of acrylic acid with mercaptans: Part 2. Kinetics of the synthesis of star‐shaped macromolecules of acrylic acid
Authors: Loubat Cédric , Boutevin Bernard 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe telomerization of acrylic acid with a polyfunctional transfer agent initiated by 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile, was first investigated in an organic medium (THF) at 65 °C. Transfer constants (CT) for three mercaptans, ethylene glycol bisthioglycolate, trimethylolpropane tris(2‐mercaptoacetate) and pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate) of about 6.1, 6.3 and 7.3, respectively, were determined. From these results, it followed that a well‐defined star poly(acrylic acid) could not be synthesized via telomerization of acrylic acid in THF. Nevertheless, the same study was performed with the tetrafunctional transfer agent in water/THF mixtures. This work emphasized that the nature of the solvent plays an important role in determining the transfer constant. Thus, the value of CT for the tetrafunctional transfer agent decreased from 7.3 in THF to 1, the ‘ideal’ case for telomerization (CT ≈ 1), for the mixture of solvents water/THF (80%, 20%, v/v). With this route, it seems that acrylic acid star‐shaped macromolecules could be synthesized via telomerization.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ethyl methacrylate) by quasi‐living radical polymerization of photofunctional inimer
Authors: Ishizu Koji , Shibuya Takeshi , Mori Akihide 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hyperbranched poly(ethyl methacrylate)s (PEMAs) were prepared by the quasi‐living radical polymerization of 2‐(N,N‐diethylaminodithiocarbamoyl)ethyl methacrylate (DTCM). DTCM monomer plays an important role in this polymerization system as an inimer that is capable of initiating quasi‐living radical polymerization of the vinyl group. Hyperbranched PEMAs with relatively narrow polydispersity (
M
w/
M
n ≈ 1.6) were obtained. The compact nature of the hyperbranched PEMAs is demonstrated by solution properties which are different from those of the linear analogues.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
m‐Chloroaniline emulsion polymerization, macromolecular chain structure and electrochemical properties
Authors: Dai Lizong , Xu Yiting , Gal Jean‐Yves , Lu Xin , Wu Huihuang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPoly(m‐chloroaniline) (PmClAn) was synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The influences of reaction temperature and initiator concentration on polymerizations were studied. It was found that PmClAn with number‐average molecular weight of 1.85 × 103 g mol−1 was obtained by the following conditions: 80 °C, [monomer] = 0.187 × 10−3 mol l−1, [sodium lauryl sulfate] = 4.8 × 10−2 mol l−1, [potassium peroxydisulfate] = 5.6 × 10−2 mol l−1, reaction period = 2.0 h. 1H NMR, FTIR, and transmission and scanning microscopy were used for structural characterization of PmClAn. It was shown that the ratio of benzoid to quinoid units in the macromolecular chain was respectively 3:2, and that PmClAn has a typical crystalline monoclinic form. A PmClAn molecular chain configuration was also proposed on the basis of crystallographic data. Cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed the PmClAn membrane electrode electroactivity. This electroactivity increased when the polymer was proton‐doped. When Pt particles were electrodeposited onto the polymer membrane electrode, they presented a preferred orientation. Isopropanol oxidation intensities with platinized PmClAn modified electrodes were larger than with a platinized Pt electrode. We also found that oxidation occurred mainly on the Pt particles deposited on the polymer, and that the anodic peak potential changed with polymer and its doping level. These results indicated that the Pt particles interacted with the polymer and that catalytic properties could be observed.© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Rural electrification using photovoltaic battery charging stations: a performance study in northern Thailand
Authors: Sriuthaisiriwong Y. , Kumar S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe installed capacity of photovoltaic battery charging stations (PV BCS) in Thailand is more than 1·5 MWp. A study on the performance and usefulness of ten PV BCS showed that all the observed systems still provide electricity to the villagers, underlining the long life and robust capabilities of the PV‐based electrification. Most users of the system have changed their lighting system from wood and kerosene to battery‐powered lamps, and find the system useful. The major malfunctioning component is the charge controller. The efficiency seems to be low, owing to the loss of opportunity of using small (6 V) batteries and not using the system throughout the daytime. Shallow‐discharge car/motor cycle batteries are used. Some do not use the system owing to specific reasons (cost, battery performance, distance of BCS from home, etc.). Training and an organisational set up to take care of the system is important if the performance of PV BCS is to be increased. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photovoltaics literature survey (No. 7)
Authors: Keevers Mark J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, each issue of Progress in Photovoltaics will contain a list of recently published journal articles most relevant to its aims and scope. This list is drawn primarily from recent issues of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Journal of Applied Physics, Progress in Photovoltaics, Solar Energy and Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, with additional journals surveyed if space permits. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories, but please note these classifications are by no means strict. Also note that inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. If you have any suggestions please email Mark Keevers at m.keevers@unsw.edu.au. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐rate deposition of epitaxial layers for efficient low‐temperature thin film epitaxial silicon solar cells
Authors: Oberbeck Lars , Schmidt Jan , Wagner Thomas A. , Bergmann Ralf B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLow–temperature deposition of Si for thin‐film solar cells has previously been hampered by low deposition rates and low material quality, usually reflected by a low open‐circuit voltage of these solar cells. In contrast, ion‐assisted deposition produces Si films with a minority‐carrier diffusion length of 40 μm, obtained at a record deposition rate of 0.8 μm/min and a deposition temperature of 650°C with a prebake at 810°C. A thin‐film Si solar cell with a 20‐μm‐thick epitaxial layer achieves an open‐circuit voltage of 622 mV and a conversion efficiency of 12.7% without any light trapping structures and without high‐temperature solar cell process steps. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Negative treatment outcomes of behavioral parent training programs
Authors: Assenany Amy E. , McIntosh David E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purposes of this review were to: (a) outline the literature on negative treatment outcomes of behavioral parent training programs, (b) detail variables found to be predictive of negative treatment outcomes, and (c) suggest future directions of study. We suggest that despite scores of studies documenting positive outcomes of behavioral parent training programs, negative treatment outcomes occur for a sizeable minority of families. Existing research has documented a relationship between a number of contextual stressors and negative outcomes. More research is necessary before the knowledge of the current literature can be applied to clinical practice. Suggestions for needed research are given, including determining which contextual life stressors play a critical role in the relationship, assessing the effect of contextual stressors on various treatments, and determining how contextual life stressors impact the treatment process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal factor structure of the WISC‐III among students with disabilities
Authors: Watkins Marley W. , Canivez Gary L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIf the factor structure of a test does not hold over time (i.e., is not invariant), then longitudinal comparisons of standing on the test are not meaningful. In the case of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐Third Edition (WISC‐III), it is crucial that it exhibit longitudinal factorial invariance because it is widely used in high‐stakes special education eligibility decisions. Accordingly, the present study analyzed the longitudinal factor structure of the WISC‐III for both configural and metric invariance with a group of 177 students with disabilities tested, on average, 2.8 years apart. Equivalent factor loadings, factor variances, and factor covariances across the retest interval provided evidence of configural and metric invariance. It was concluded that the WISC‐III was measuring the same constructs with equal fidelity across time which allows unequivocal interpretation of score differences as reflecting changes in underlying latent constructs rather than variations in the measurement operation itself. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Validity of the home and community social behavior scales: Comparisons with five behavior‐rating scales
Authors: Merrell Kenneth W. , Streeter Angela L. , Boelter Eric W. , Caldarella Paul , Gentry Amanda 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree separate studies focusing on convergent and discriminant validity evidence for the Home and Community Social Behavior Scales are presented. The HCSBS is a 65‐item social behavior‐rating scale for use by parents and caretakers of children and youth ages 5–18. It is a parent‐rating version of the School Social Behavior Scales. Within these studies, relationships with five behavior‐rating scales were examined: the Social Skills Rating System, Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised‐Short Form, Child Behavior Checklist, and the child and adolescent versions of the Behavior Assessment System for Children. HCSBS Scale A, Social Competence, evidenced strong positive correlations with measures of social skills and adaptability, strong negative correlations with measures of externalizing behavior problems, and modest negative correlations with measures of internalizing and atypical behavior problems. HCSBS Scale B, Antisocial Behavior, evidenced strong positive correlations with measures of externalizing behavior problems, modest positive correlations with measures of internalizing and atypical behavior problems, and strong negative correlations with measures of social skills and adaptability. These results support the HCSBS as a measure of social competence and antisocial behavior of children and youth. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A simple method for the precise and simultaneous determination of primary and multiple secondary kinetic deuterium isotope effects in organic reactions at natural abundance
Authors: Zhang Ben‐Li , Pionnier Sébastien 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA method for the determination of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in organic reactions using natural abundance deuterium NMR is proposed. The method consists of the determination of the site‐specific H/D isotopic ratios of the starting reactant and the product in a reaction run under pseudo‐first‐order kinetic conditions. Using simple and easy experimental procedures, primary and/or multiple secondary KIEs can be measured simultaneously with high precision. The application of this approach to different types of reaction is described. The primary and α‐secondary KIEs for C—H(D) bond breaking of —CDH— can be measured separately. The uncertainty in the determination of small secondary KIEs can reach less than 1%. The results show that some remote secondary KIEs are not negligible. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed. One of its merits is that the method can even be used in complex situations when there are branch reactions and when the reaction is reversible. The performance depends essentially on the signal separation in the NMR spectra. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclopolymerization of dipropargylfluorene by transition‐metal catalysts
Authors: Gal Yeong‐Soon , Jin Sung‐Ho , Park Jong‐Wook , Lee Won‐Chul , Lee Hyo‐San , Kim Sang‐Youl 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA fluorene‐containing spiro‐type conjugated polymer, poly(dipropargylfluorene), was synthesized via the cyclopolymerization of dipropargylfluorene by Mo‐ and W‐based transition‐metal catalysts. The polymerization of dipropargylfluorene proceeded well by MoCl5 catalyst itself to give a quantitative yield of polymer. The Mo‐based catalysts are more effective than those of W‐based catalysts. The structure of poly(dipropargylfluorene) was characterized by various instrumental methods (NMR, IR, and UV–visible spectroscopies) to have the conjugated polymer backbone carrying fluorene moieties. Analysis of the 13C NMR spectrum revealed that the polymer structure consists of only six‐membered rings. The resulting poly(dipropargylfluorene)s were brown or black powder and soluble in aromatics and halogenated hydrocarbons such as benzene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and methylene chloride. Thermal and morphological properties of the polymer are also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4101–4109, 2001
Long‐lived species generated via irradiation of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing pyrene
Authors: Szadkowska‐Nicze M. , Mayer J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fate of long‐lived species [pyrene (Py) radical cations and Py–cyclohexadienyl‐type radicals] generated by electron‐beam irradiation at room temperature in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) doped with Py is described. The separation of reacting solute intermediates and the relaxation phenomena seem to be the main factors limiting the reactivity of long‐lived Py species in the PMMA matrix. The temperature‐stimulated recombination of ionic species in PMMA doped with Py results in Py excited‐state formation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4110–4118, 2001
Organic–inorganic hybrid networks by the sol–gel process and subsequent photopolymerization
Authors: Müh Ekkehard , Stieger Markus , Klee Joachim E. , Frey Holger , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid materials were prepared by a convenient two‐step curing procedure based on sol–gel condensation and subsequent photopolymerization. Novel bismethacrylate‐based hybrid monomers with pendant, condensable alkoxysilane groups were prepared by Michael addition and possessed number‐average molecular weights between 580 and 1600 g/mol. The formation of inorganic networks by sol–gel condensation of the alkoxysilane groups in the presence of aqueous methacrylic acid was monitored with rheological measurements. The condensation conversion was monitored with solid‐state 29Si cross‐polarization/magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. Subsequent photopolymerization led to organic–inorganic hybrid networks and low volume shrinkage, ranging from 4.2 to 8.3%, depending on the molecular weight of the hybrid monomer applied. Highly filled composite materials with glass filler fractions greater than 75% showed attractive mechanical properties with Young's moduli of 2700–6200 MPa. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 4274–4282, 2001
Synthesis and characterization of soluble, fluorescent poly(arylene ether)s, poly(arylene thioether)s, and poly(arylene sulfone)s containing 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene segments
Authors: Shaikh Abbas‐Alli G. , Hay Allan S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe bisphenol 4,4″‐dihydroxy‐5′‐phenyl‐m‐terphenyl (4), containing a 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene moiety, was synthesized from a pyrylium salt obtained by the reaction of benzaldehyde with p‐methoxyacetophenone with boron trifluoride etherate as a condensing agent. Polymers were obtained from 4 by a nucleophilic displacement reaction with various activated difluoro monomers and with K2CO3 as a base. A series of new poly(arylene ether)s (8a–8f) were obtained that contained phenyl‐substituted m‐terphenyl segments in the polymer chain. Polymers with inherent viscosities of 0.41–0.99 dL/g were obtained in yields greater than 96%. The polymers were soluble in a variety of organic solvents, including nonpolar solvents such as toluene. Clear, transparent, and flexible films cast from CHCl3 showed high glass‐transition temperatures (Tg = 198–270 °C) and had excellent thermal stability, as shown by temperatures of 5% weight loss greater than 500 °C. 4 was converted via N,N‐dimethyl‐O‐thiocarbamate into the masked dithiol 4,4″‐bis(N,N′‐dimethyl‐S‐thiocarbamate)‐5′‐phenyl‐m‐terphenyl and was polymerized with activated difluoro compounds in the presence of a mixture of Cs2CO3 and CaCO3 as a base in diphenyl sulfone as a solvent. A series of new poly(arylene thioether)s (9a–9e) were obtained with Tg values similar to those of 8a–8e. 9a–9e were further oxidized into poly(arylene sulfone)s with Tg values 40–80 °C higher than those for 8a–8e and 9a–9e. These polymers also had good solubility in organic solvents. A sulfonic acid group was selectively introduced onto the pendent phenyl group of polymers 8a and 8f by reaction with chlorosulfonic acid. The polymers were soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and formed films via casting from dimethylformamide. Polymers 8a–8f, 11a, and 11f showed blue and red fluorescence under ultraviolet–visible light with emission maxima at 380–440 nm. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 496–510, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10136