bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viability of Penicillium Citrinum on Different Carrier Media as Organic Fertilizer
Authors: Safinah Safinah Surya Hakim , Yuwati Tri Wira Yuwati , Dony Dony Rachmandi , Purwanto Purwanto B Santosa , Dewi Dewi Alimah 
Published: February 2024

The use of bio-fertilizer is increasing along with the awareness of eco-friendly life style. The use of bio-fertilizer give several advantages such as enhancing plant growth, provide plant nutritions, easily absorbed by plant and environmental friendly. Endophytic fungi can be used as biological fertilizers.In this study, endophytic fungi Penicillium citrinum isolate P3.10 were used as a main ingredient for biological fertilizers. This study aims to investigate: (a) the most effective carrier material for biological fertilizers made from endophytic fungi P. citrinum and (b) maximum shelf-life of biofertilizers. Three carrier materials were tested to find out the best carrier as biological fertilizer carriers. Factorial Completely Randomized Design with two factors used in this study with the first factor is the type of carrier material (rice bran, saw dust, and peat soil), and the second factor is storage time (14, 28, 42, 56, dan 70 days).The result of the study and consideration based on the standards of biological fertilizer regulation of the Minister of Agriculture Number 70 / Permentan / SR.140 / 19/2011) showed that of the three tested carriers (rice bran, sawdust, and peat), peat showed the best performance as biofertilizer carrier with the recommend maximum shelf-life is 28 days (5,62 x 105 cfu/gram) due to its C/N ratio value and its viability to maintain the number of viable fungi.
Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Sesuai Dengan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (SAK EMKM) Pada Usaha Jamur Bosque
Authors: Santa Ompusunggu  , Umar Hi Salim  , Novi Yanti  
Published: February 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui serta menganalisis tentang laporan keuangan pada UMKM yang ada pada saat ini terutama pada umkm jamur bosque yang pada saat ini menjadi objek penelitian saya. Metode ini bersifat kualitatif, Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah melakukan studi pendahuluan atau memasuki lapangan, melakukan penelitian, setelah selesai penelitian kita dapat menggambarkan atau membandingkan suatu data yang telah diteliti . Hasil analisis peneliti bahwa secara halnya saya melakukan penelitian pada jamur bosque setelah melakukan Teknik analisis saya bisa menarik kesimpulan bahwa jamur bosque ini tidak melakukan laporan keuangan menurut sak emkm dan maka dari itu saya sebagai peneliti mengambil objek dari umkm jamur bosque.
Determination of the η Parameter as function of Neutrino Mass: A Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ebomwonyi Osarodion , Oguche Emmanuel A. , Aiyohuyin Emmanuel O. 
Published: February 2024

Computation of the neutrino masses and parameter experimentally abound in literature, while little or no attention has been made to determine it theoretically. However, a recent theoretical study sought to determine the masses of the neutrino, but failed to compute the value for the parameter. Hence, this study was aimed at determining theoretically the parameter from neutrino masses addition as predicted with quantum gravitational couplings/effective Majorana dimensionless coupling via spherical symmetry vacuum solution. A seesaw mechanism (ala mode matrix) was adopted; where the SU matrix was diagonalized to get the mass eigen states. The parameter value which is expressed as a function of the three mass eigen states of the neutrino masses, and which also satisfies the experimental constraints was determined theoretically to be 0.06.
Impacts of Terrain Conductivity Survey for Groundwater Investigation in a Typical Sedimentary Formation; A Case Study of Itori, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Ishola S. A. , Makinde V. , Mustapha A. O. , Ganiyu S. A. , Alatise O. O. 
Published: February 2024

A geophysical investigation for groundwater development involving conductivity measurement using Electromagnetic profiling was conducted to locate fractured and fissured zones and associated groundwater containing media at Itori communities, Southwestern Nigeria. The area is underlain by the typical sedimentary rocks of South-West, Nigeria with the local geology predominantly clay, shale, clay sand, limestone and Sandstone. Measurements of the ground conductivity were carried out with Geonics EM 34-3 along 5 traverses whose profile lengths varied between 160 and 200 m. Intensive geophysical fieldworks were performed utilizing Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Method (FDEM) using Geonics-EM-34 to determine the vertical and lateral variations of subsurface conductivity probing depths of 20 m, 40 m and 60 m. The EM data were acquired at 500 m intervals along 10 profiles. The Vertical Dipole Moment in the first layer exhibited the highest true conductivity and lowest true conductivity of 42.65 mS/m and 29.1 mS/m for EMITO1 and EMITO2 respectively and the corresponding Horizontal Dipole Moment exhibited the highest true conductivity of 36.0 mS/m and 25.41 mS/m for EMITO1 alongside EMITO2 and EMITO8 respectively while the Vertical Dipole Moment in the second layer exhibited the highest true conductivity of 45.62 mS/m and lowest true conductivity of 34.76 mS/m for EMITO1 and EMITO8 respectively and the corresponding Horizontal Dipole Moment exhibited the highest true conductivity of 44.0 mS/m and lowest true conductivity of 36.3 mS/m for EMITO3 and EMITO8 respectively. The qualitative interpretation of EM results identified areas of hydrogeologic importance and forms a predictive and suggestive basis for Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) investigation; points of positive EM anomalies were considered as priority area for electrical resistivity sounding and prospective groundwater development, since they suggest lithological variations within the unconsolidated overburden and/or water–filled fissures in the bedrock. The identified major geological interfaces were suspected to be of weathered zones
Evaluation of Natural Radionuclides in Selected Dumpsites in Gboko, Makurdi and Otukpo Towns of Benue State North Central Nigeria
Authors: Akaagerger N. B. , Ikum I. J. , Ayaakaa D. T. 
Published: February 2024

The activity concentrations of some radionuclides in dumpsites samples were collected from 8selected locations in Gboko, selected locations each in Makurdi and Otukpo metropolis respectively of Benue State have been determined using the Gamma ray Spectroscopy (model T35240K). The soil activity from Gboko ranges from 13.10±0.25 Bq/Kg to 22.56±0.32 Bq/Kg for 40K, 0.35±0.00 Bq/Kg to 0.71±0.00 Bq/Kg for 238U and 0.12±0.00 Bq/Kg to 1.20±0.00 Bq/Kg for 232Th respectively with mean value of 19.15±0.29Bq/Kg for 40K, with the mean value of 0.60±0.00 Bq/Kg for 238U, and with the mean value of 0.14±0.00Bq/Kg for 232Th respectively in Gboko. The soil activity from Makurdi ranges from 12.88±0.24 Bq/Kg to 22.23±0.32 Bq/Kg for 40K, 0.37±0.00 Bq/Kg to 0.66±0.00 Bq/Kg for 238U and 0.09±0.00 Bq/Kg to 0.21±0.00 Bq/Kg for 232Th respectively with the mean value of 18.76±0.29Bq/Kg for 40K, mean value of 0.52±0.00 Bq/Kg for238U and with mean value of 0.15±0.00 Bq/Kg for 232Th respectively in Makurdi. The soil activity from Otukpo ranges from 10.42±0.22 Bq/Kg to 23.59±0.33 Bq/Kg for 40K, 0.41±0.00 Bq/Kg to 0.68±0.00 Bq/Kg for 238U and 0.14±0.00 Bq/Kg to 0.20±0.00 Bq/Kg for 232Th with the mean value of 17.86±0.36 Bq/Kg for 40K, with the mean value of 0.54±0.00 Bq/Kg for 238U and with the mean value of 0.17±0.00 Bq/Kg for 232Th respectively in Otukpo. The mean absorbed dose rate in air from Gboko ranges from 0.91±0.00 to 1.35±0.00 , the mean absorbed dose rate in air from Makurdi ranges from 0.80±0.00 to 1.17±0.00and the mean absorbed dose rate in air from Otukpo ranges from 0.74±0.00 to 1.28±0.00while the annual effective dose for Gboko varied from 0.0011±0.00 to 0.0016±0.00 , the annual effective dose for Makurdi varied from 0.0009±0.00 to 0.0016±0.00 and for Otukpo varied from 0.0009±0.00 to 0.0015±0.00 .The results showed that, dose rate are lower than the safe limit of 0.07mSv/y...
An approach towards a self-consistent EAM model for bcc metals Lithium and Vanadium
Authors: Oni-Ojo A. A. , Oni-Ojo F. O. , Aiyohuyin E. O. 
Published: February 2024

Recently, a four-parameter embedding function that is sufficiently rich to handle both positive and negative Cauchy discrepancy has been produced by modifying the embedding function of Yuan et al. (2003)1, a modification to MEAM92, which failed to produce a reasonable surface energy when applied to bcc Vanadium V. We compute the three low-index surface energies of Li and V using the novel model Generalized Embedding Atom method (GEAM) (Oni-Ojo et al, 2007) parameters (iterated values), and the results fall within the experimental average.
Geographic source of bats killed at wind-energy facilities in the eastern United States
Authors: Wieringa Jamin G. , Nagel Juliet , Campbell C.J. , Nelson David M. , Carstens Bryan C. , Gibbs H. Lisle 
Published: February 2024

Bats subject to high rates of fatalities at wind-energy facilities are of high conservation concern due to the long-term, cumulative effects they have, but the impact on broader bat populations can be difficult to assess. One reason is the poor understanding of the geographic source of individual fatalities and whether they constitute migrants or more local individuals. Here, we used stable hydrogen isotopes, trace elements and species distribution models to determine the most likely summer geographic origins of three different bat species (Lasiurus borealis, L. cinereus, and Lasionycteris noctivagans) killed at wind-energy facilities in Ohio and Maryland in the eastern United States. In Ohio, 41.6%, 21.3%, 2.2% of all individuals of L. borealis, L. cinereus, and L. noctivagans, respectively, had evidence of movement. In contrast, in Maryland 77.3%, 37.1%, and 27.3% of these same species were classified as migrants. Our results suggest bats killed at a given wind facility are likely derived from migratory as well as resident populations. Finally, there is variation in the proportion of migrants killed between seasons for some species and evidence of philopatry to summer roosts. Overall, these results indicate that the impact of wind-energy facilities on bat populations occurs across a large geographic extent, with the proportion of migrants impacted likely to vary across species and sites. Similar studies should be conducted across a broader geographic scale to understand the impacts on bat populations from wind-energy facilities.
Analysis of the Influence of Institutional Ownership, Sales Growth, Profitability, and Company Size on Tax Avoidance
Authors: Kristiani Vincentia Sekar Ganjur Woro , Rusmita Sari , Fahmi M. 
Published: February 2024

Aims: To determine and examine the effect of institutional ownership, sales growth, profitability, and company size on tax avoidance in Industrial Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
Studi Design: quantitative research.
Place and Duration of Study: Industrial Sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2017 to 2021.
Methodology: The population used in this study are industrial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2021, with a total of 54 companies. The data is collected using the documentation technique, then sampling is carried out using the purposive sampling method, meaning that the sample selection is based on certain criteria, 15 companies are obtained which will be analyzed over 5 years, totaling 75. However, there are 18 outlier data after the normality test is carried out so the number of samples is 57, and data analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 24.
Results: institutional ownership, sales growth, and company size do not have an impact on tax avoidance. However, profitability has a negative effect on tax avoidance. This implies that a high level of profitability indicates a decrease in tax avoidance practices by businesses, as some companies tend to prioritize profitability and cash flow over complex tax strategies.
Conclusion: This research, should be able to serve as a view for companies or corporate taxpayers in making decisions, especially regarding tax planning in the Company. Further researchers are recommended to add research periods and more varied variables apart from the four independent variables that have been used in this study.
Establishing City Branding Strategy for Tomohon Central Tourism Area in Indonesia in Attracting Interest in Visiting Tourists
Authors: Tombeg Beldie Aryona , Soemarno  , Leksono Amin , Aziz Utami 
Published: February 2024

Background: City branding is a marketing strategy aimed at building a positive image of a city, building differentiation and increasing the city's competitiveness as well as attracting tourists and investors.
Aims: This study aims to determine the city branding strategy in the central area of Tomohon City and see the effectiveness of implementing this strategy in attracting tourists to visit.
Methods: This study used a descriptive qualitative method with data collection through interviews and documentation studies. Subjects on this research were conducted with 3 people from Tomohon City government representatives and 2 people from Tomohon City Tourism Office. The research site is in Tomohon City, focusing on its tourism area. The data analysis used in this research was conducted during data collection and used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman
Findings: The results of this study indicate that the government of Tomohon City together with stakeholders have implemented a city branding strategy that is in accordance with the Anholt city branding concept, although overall it has not been optimally implemented because it is only focused on promoting TIFF as an international event and the utilization of promotional media and community participation has not been optimal.
Conclusion: The Tomohon City Center area already has various cultural activities, characteristics, positive perceptions and names that are known as potentials that can be further developed to attract tourists to visit.
Kappa-Carrageenan/Ciprofloxacin Loaded Hydrogel Patch for Wound Healing Application
Authors: Chanpuria Aniteshma , S. K. Bajpai  , Bajpai M. , Dubey Seema 
Published: February 2024

Kappa carrageenan/Ciprofloxacin composite films have been developed to protect wounds from bacterial infection. The films were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and SEM analysis. The Water Vapor Transmission Rates (WVTR) for film samples, with different compositions, was in the range of 1025 to 1181 g m-2day-1. The O2 permeability for the samples tested was 16.6 mg/mL against the values of 10 and 28 mg/mL obtained for negative and positive controls respectively. As compared to the standard moisture loss from wounded skin, the relatively low values indicated their suitability for low exudating wounds. The total release of drug Ciprofloxacin from the samples loaded with 0.06, 0.13 and 0.19 g drug/g gel was found to be 29.13, 71.75, 85. 90 mg/g gel in the media of pH 7.4 and the time required for the release was almost 240, 320 and 356 min respectively. The release data were best interpreted by ‘Power Function Model’, as indicated by high regression values of 0.9793,0.9862 and 0.9994 respectively. The release exponent ‘n’ values were 0.55,0.33 and 0.42 respectively, thus suggesting a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The films showed fair antibacterial activity against model bacteria E. Coli. Finally, Kappa carrageenan/Ciprofloxacin composite films, when applied on artificially created wound on skin of rats, showed excellent healing with no inflammation and bacterial infection.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Ciprofloxacin loaded Kappa Carrageenan films showed fair ability to treat bacterial infections on wounds. The animal studies, performed on rats, also established their strong candidature in the protection of wound from infection.
Antihyperlipidemic Bioactivity Guided Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Isolated Phytoconstituents from Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy
Authors: Iyer Deepa , Jain Nimisha , Patil U. K. 
Published: February 2024

Background: Atherosclerosis is a crucial element in the origination of coronary heart disease (CHD). Lipid aggregation inside the coronary arteries walls lead to the occurrence of hyperlipidemia. Aim: The research was conducted for assessing the lipid lowering effect of ethanol extract and chloroform fraction from Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy. aerial parts in Triton induced hyperlipidemic rat model.
Methodology: The active fraction was obtained from antihyperlipidemic bioactivity. The phytocomponents were separated from the active fraction using flash chromatography technique resulting in the isolation of n-hexatriacontane; 9-octadecenoic acid- octyl ester; 12, 14-heptacosanedione; dodecyl-octadeca-9,12-dienoate; tetracosanyl 9-hexadecenoate; heptacosan-14-ol; stigmasta- 5, 22- dien-3 beta-ol and stigmast-5-en-3 beta-ol. The phytocomponent structures were established by spectral data analysis. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Triton WR- 1339 at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given to the animals. The ethanol extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. and chloroform fraction at a dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. were administered orally in rats after 24 hours of the Triton administration.
Results: The study resulted in dose dependent inhibition of triglycerides (p <0.01), total cholesterol (p <0.05), Low density lipoprotein level (p <0.05) while significant increased HDL (p <0.01) level. Alteration in lipid profile in Triton treated rats was restored and found more effective in the chloroform fraction probably due to the presence of phytocomponents. The study elucidated different phytocomponents isolated from the active chloroform fraction of C. pluricaulis.
Conclusion: Treatment with extract and fraction manifested significant decrease in triglyceride level. HDL exerts an inhibitory action in the etiology of atherosclerosis. It is considered as a beneficial lipoprotein and its lower level leads to the greater risk of CHD. It may be concluded that the isolated components were responsible for the lipid lowering level of active fraction.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Improved Biomass Stoves in Rural Areas in Karnataka, India
Authors: Salunke Renuka S. , Swati Hebbal 
Published: February 2024

Aims: the study aimed to quantify fuel wood consumption in traditional and biomass stoves as well asto estimate the Carbon dioxide (Co2) and carbon monoxide (Co) while cooking with different fuel wood.
Study Design: exploratory and experimental.
Place and Duration of Study: The duration of the Study was 2 years and the place of the study was Dharwad and Vijayapur districts of Karnataka state India.
Methodology: Keeping this in view a study was conducted in two villages namely Timmapur Village of Dharwad district and Bhaganager Village of Vijayapur district Karanarak State India. From each village 60 households were selected randomly thus total sample size comprises 120 rural women.
Results: About 80 per cent of the women were illiterate in Timmapur and 76.70 per cent of the women were illiterate in Bhaganagar. The quantity of ash, charcoal and smoke after food preparation was significantly varied in both villages. A reduction in the percentage of both carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide was found in biomass stoves compared to traditional stoves. The experimental research revealed that 58 per cent of the fuel wood was saved per year per 100 families when compared to traditional stoves. Whereas the traditional stove consumes 1200 kg /month/100 families.
Conclusion: Improved biomass stoves should be promoted to encourage rural women to better use the stove.
Serum Procalcitonin as a Biological Marker to Distinguish between Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Exacerbation of COPD: A Comparative Cross- Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors: Agarwal Richa , Deswal Anubhav , Matlani Monika , Manocha Rajesh 
Published: February 2024

Aims: The goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic importance and cut-off value of serum PCT as a vital biomarker in differentiating bacterial and non-bacterial causes of exacerbation of COPD.
Study Design: It was a comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted on 80 patients recruited from VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New- Delhi, India, for a period of 18 months. Forty patients has COPD and other 40 had acute exacerbation of COPD.
Methodology: Every enrolled patient received a thorough history, a clinical assessment, and records of tests such as a venous blood sample, spirometry, and a chest X-ray. We excluded from our study patients with various respiratory conditions such as hydrothorax, pneumothorax, CHF, pleural effusion, and those outside the respiratory system, as well as those who started antibiotic medication earlier than 48 hours after enrollment. Venous samples were obtained from each participant in order to measure procalcitonin levels and blood counts. Serum PCT levels were assessed by ELISA kit. Gram stain and culture was done of sputum sample collected from the exacerbated group.
Results: Patients with bacterial COPD exacerbations had significantly higher mean serum PCT levels compared to non-bacterial exacerbations (2.58±1.54 vs 0.45±0.51 ng/ml; P=0.0001) based on sputum culture results. PCT cutoff of 0.9 ng/ml differentiated bacterial exacerbations with 100% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity.
Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate the serum PCT levels can be regarded as an appropriate biomarker to differentiate between the bacterial and non-bacterial cause of exacerbation in COPD.
Physico-chemical and Functional Properties of Drumstick Leaf Powder
Authors: Bagmare P. A. , Wanjari B. S. , Chandewar K. B. , Swami S. B. , Waghamare K. G. 
Published: February 2024

The study was conducted to analysis of physico-chemical properties of drumstick leaf powder. Drumstick leaf were dried in a convective hot air dryer at 30oC, 40oC and 50oC. The air velocity inside the dryer was 2-3 m/s, the drying process takes 6 hrs, 27hrs, and 19 hrs time to dry the product at 30⁰C, 40⁰C, and 50⁰C.
The experimental drying data of drumstick were applied to six Moisture ratio models, namely, the Newton model, modified Page model, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Two term and Exponential Model was found to be the best for explaining the drying characteristics of drumstick leaf. The effective moisture diffusivity varied from 3.651 ×10-11, 4.503×10-11 and to 7.343×10-11 over the temperature range studied, with activation energy of 28.281 kJ/mol for drying of drumstick leaf. The drumstick leaf powder contains moisture 10.85 to 15.56 %, protein 22.88 to 23.979 %, fat 1.80 to 2.42 %, fibre 11.53 to 12.16 %, ash 3.69 to 4.93 %, carbohydrate 40.94 to 849.25% The flour had average water absorption capacity (3.081to 4.22l g/cc), bulk density (3.081 to 0.445 g/cc) were recorded.