bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No association between isotretinoin and impulsivity in patients with moderate‐to‐severe acne vulgaris
Authors: Öğüt Çağrı , Öğüt Neslihan D. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcne vulgaris (AV) is one of the common dermatologic diseases that usually affects people during adolescence. Reports have shown that isotretinoin, the first‐line therapy option for moderate‐to‐severe AV, could lead to mood disturbances and suicidality. Impulsivity is the tendency to act prematurely without foresight and is a significant risk factor for suicidality. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that isotretinoin would lead to an increase in impulsivity.MethodsSeventeen patients with AV were enrolled. The study was planned as a naturalistic 3‐month follow‐up study. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Go/No‐go Task (GNG), and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) were administered before and after the isotretinoin treatment.ResultsWe found a significant improvement in the severity of anxiety (P = 0.015; t = 2.72) and depression symptoms (P = 0.08; t = 3.04) in AV patients at the end of 3 months. Self‐report impulsivity characteristics with BIS stayed unchanged (P = 0.434; t = 0.80). Besides, no statistically significant difference was found in behavioral task results associated with response inhibition with GNG (P = 0.52; t = 0.65) and impulsive decision‐making with BART (P = 0.842; t = −0.20). However, there was a significant decrease in omission errors, with GNG suggesting improvement in attention domain (P = 0.020; W = 90.0) after the follow‐up.ConclusionsIt has been demonstrated that isotretinoin treatment improves the severity of depression, anxiety symptoms, and attention performance in AV patients. However, there was no significant change in patients' impulsivity severity based on self‐reports and behavioral performances based on GNG and BART.
Associating the structure of Lepidoptera‐plant interaction networks across clades and life stages to environmental gradients
Authors: Ho Hsi‐Cheng , Altermatt Florian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe spatial‐structural patterns of plant‐insect interaction networks, particularly their associations with landscape‐scale environmental factors, remain poorly understood. We apply data‐driven network constructions that integrate biogeographic and trophic interaction knowledge to uncover how Lepidoptera‐plant networks vary across environmental gradients in a real‐world landscape.LocationThe 36,000 km2 German state Baden‐Württemberg, Central Europe.TaxonLepidoptera insects and angiosperm plants.Materials and MethodsWe integrated extensive data of Lepidoptera‐plant occurrences and interactions to infer local interaction networks across Baden‐Württemberg, encompassing 3148 plant and 980 Lepidoptera species, covering butterflies, Noctuoid moths, Geometrid moths, and Bombycoid moths. We quantified clade‐ and life‐stage‐specific network structures and related them to GIS‐informed environmental conditions, thereby revealing the spatial (environmental) patterns and potential drivers of network variations.ResultsSpanning shared environmental gradients, Lepidoptera clades and life stages formed various interaction structures with plants and exhibit distinct spatial‐structural patterns. For all Lepidoptera groups, except Geometrid moths, potential diet across life stages broadened toward low‐elevation farmlands. The larval and adult networks of butterflies became less modular with farmland coverage; the same for adult Noctuoid moths, but the inverse for adult Geometrid moths. With increasing elevation, the larval and adult networks of Noctuoid moths became less and more modular, respectively, whereas Geometrid adult networks became more modular. While the adult dietary niche of butterflies overlapped more at low elevation, those of Noctuoid and Geometrid moths further associated with land cover and overlapped more toward low‐ and high‐elevation farmlands, respectively.Main ConclusionsThe spatial‐structural patterns of Lepidoptera‐plant networks vary along geo‐climate and land‐cover gradients in ways depending on the Lepidoptera's clade and life stage. The driving mechanisms likely include both evolutionary (e.g., resource‐consumer [co‐]evolution) and ecological (e.g., competitive exclusion) processes, and differentially affect Lepidoptera across clades and life stages. These findings pinpoint conservation implications at both species and community levels, with potential trade‐offs for managing different Lepidoptera‐plant communities under environmental changes.
Matrix type affects carabid beetle community and trait composition, and intraspecific variation in remnant forests
Authors: Kotze D. J. , Gabor M. , Kohout S. , Setälä H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimThe Anthropocene is characterised by urban and agricultural landscapes. Within these landscapes, natural to semi‐natural habitats are fragmented, isolated and disturbed to varying degrees. Species associated with these natural habitats have to content with the surrounding landscape, both in terms of level of isolation, and matrix type and quality. We investigated the community structure, trait distribution and individual traits of carabid beetles in boreal forest fragments within three matrices: urban, agricultural and freshwater lake.LocationCity of Lahti and its surroundings, southern Finland.TaxonColeoptera, Carabidae.MethodsUsing pitfall traps from June to October 2019, we collected carabid beetles from eight spruce‐dominated forest fragments in the urban matrix, 10 fragments in an agricultural matrix, seven fragments on lake islands and three large control forests at the outskirts of the city.ResultsCompared to natural forests, carabid beetles in forest fragments in these matrices showed distinct assemblages, and with beetle diversity the highest in fragments in the agricultural landscape. Fragments in the urban and lake island landscapes were characterised by small‐sized species, and those capable of flight. We also found strong intraspecific trait responses in terms of body size, with some generalist species being significantly smaller in urban, agricultural or lake island fragments compared to the controls.Main ConclusionsThe matrix has a clear effect on carabid beetle communities, both in terms of taxonomic and trait distribution, and filters for communities of smaller sized species and those capable of flight. Such overall community and intraspecific effects can have considerable effects on populations and community assemblages: As anthropogenic effects intensify in urban and agricultural landscapes, our findings may be the expression of further morphological and physiological responses, and eventually in the adaptation of those species that can cope with the Anthropocene.
Unveiling the pedagogical advantage of tutoring‐style videos in an authentic biology class
Authors: Ding Lu , Yoon Meehyun , Kim Dongho 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the effectiveness of tutoring‐style videos has been reported in previous studies conducted in laboratories, how these types of videos facilitate students' learning experiences and achievement has not been much explored in prior studies, which prevents discussion on how to design such tutoring‐style videos.ObjectivesIn this study, we addressed the limitations reported in studies conducted in authentic classes and attempted to explore students' learning patterns and experiences with tutoring‐style videos involving interactions between the instructor and agents. In addition, we attempted to reveal what instructional strategies can be used in tutoring‐style videos to enhance students' engagement and achievement.MethodsThe study took place in an undergraduate introductory biology class offered at a university located in the Midwest of the United States. The same instructor taught two sections of this course which lasted for 15 weeks during a Spring semester. The two sections were randomly assigned to an experimental group in which participants watched tutoring‐style videos and a control group with participants watching traditional videos. The experiment was administered in a module lasting two and a half weeks focused on microbiology. Surveys and tests were conducted to determine whether the tutoring‐style videos had a positive impact on student engagement and achievement. In addition, a video content analysis was carried out to elicit insights on how to design effective tutoring‐style videos.ResultsFor students' emotional engagement and perceived usefulness, no significant difference was found between the two groups, even though the descriptive statistics indicated slightly higher scores from the experimental group than the control group on both subscales. In terms of achievement, the participants reported significantly more learned concepts from watching rich‐interactions in the tutoring‐style videos than the participants in the control group; and they also reported a significantly smaller number of learned concepts from watching one‐interactions in the videos than the control group participants. We also found that instruction in the tutoring‐style videos used effective strategies for facilitating students' participation and cognitive processing.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that tutoring‐style videos can be effective learning materials by allowing students to engage in interactions between instructors and agents in the videos. The more instructional strategies used to facilitate the interactions between the instructor and the agents, the higher engagement can be expected from viewers. Our study would inform the design and development of effective tutoring‐style videos.
Mechanism of ferroptosis in breast cancer and research progress of natural compounds regulating ferroptosis
Authors: Ge Anqi , He Qi , Zhao Da , Li Yuwei , Chen Junpeng , Deng Ying , Xiang Wang , Fan Hongqiao , Wu Shiting , Li Yan , Liu Lifang , Wang Yue 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and its incidence increases with age, posing a significant threat to women's health globally. Due to the clinical heterogeneity of breast cancer, the majority of patients develop drug resistance and metastasis following treatment. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death dependent on iron, is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides, elevated levels of iron ions and lipid peroxidation. The underlying mechanisms and signalling pathways associated with ferroptosis are intricate and interconnected, involving various proteins and enzymes such as the cystine/glutamate antiporter, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroptosis inhibitor 1 and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. Consequently, emerging research suggests that ferroptosis may offer a novel target for breast cancer treatment; however, the mechanisms of ferroptosis in breast cancer urgently require resolution. Additionally, certain natural compounds have been reported to induce ferroptosis, thereby interfering with breast cancer. Therefore, this review not only discusses the molecular mechanisms of multiple signalling pathways that mediate ferroptosis in breast cancer (including metastasis, invasion and proliferation) but also elaborates on the mechanisms by which natural compounds induce ferroptosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, this review summarizes potential compound types that may serve as ferroptosis inducers in future tumour cells, providing lead compounds for the development of ferroptosis‐inducing agents. Last, this review proposes the potential synergy of combining natural compounds with traditional breast cancer drugs in the treatment of breast cancer, thereby suggesting future directions and offering new insights.
Microglial exosome miR‐124‐3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain in elderly mice
Authors: Kong Erliang , Geng Xuqiang , Wu Feixiang , Yue Wei , Sun Yuming , Feng Xudong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain severely deteriorates the rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients. The present study focused on the relationship between microglial exosome miR‐124‐3p in hippocampus and cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain. Cognitive impairment model induced by postoperative pain was constructed by intramedullary nail fixation after tibial fracture. Morphine intraperitoneally was carried out for postoperative analgesia. Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate the cognitive impairment, while mRNA levels of neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NG) and neurodegenerative biomarker (VILIP‐1) in hippocampus were tested by q‐PCR. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the axon degeneration in hippocampus. The levels of pro‐inflammatory factors (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6), the levels of anti‐inflammatory factors (Ym, Arg‐1, IL‐10) and microglia proliferation marker cyclin D1 in hippocampus were measured to evaluate microglia polarization. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify key exosomes while BV‐2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR‐124‐3p was constructed to observe microglia polarization in vitro experiments. Exogenous miR‐124‐3p‐loaded exosomes were injected into hippocampus in vivo. Postoperative pain induced by intramedullary fixation after tibial fracture was confirmed by decreased mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. Postoperative pain induced cognitive impairment, promoted axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP‐1 expressions in hippocampus. Postoperative pain also increased pro‐inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and decreased anti‐inflammatory factors in hippocampus. However, these changes were all reversed by morphine analgesia. Bioinformatics analysis identified the critical role of exosome miR‐124‐3p in cognitive impairment, which was confirmed to be down‐regulated in hippocampus of postoperative pain mice. BV‐2 microglia overexpressing exosome miR‐124‐3p showed decreased pro‐inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti‐inflammatory factors. In vivo, stereotactic injection of exogenous miR‐124‐3p into hippocampus decreased pro‐inflammatory factors, cyclin D1 and increased anti‐inflammatory factors. The cognitive impairment, axon demyelination, decreased BDNF, NG and increased VILIP‐1 expressions in hippocampus were all alleviated by exogenous exosome miR‐124‐3p. Microglial exosome miR‐124‐3p in hippocampus alleviates cognitive impairment induced by postoperative pain through microglia polarization in elderly mice.
A genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis in a European sample of stage III/IV grade C periodontitis patients ≤35 years of age identifies new risk loci
Authors: De Almeida Silvia Diz , Richter Gesa M. , de Coo Alicia , Jepsen Søren , Kapferer‐Seebacher Ines , Dommisch Henrik , Berger Klaus , Laudes Matthias , Lieb Wolfgang , Loos Bruno G. , van der Velde Nathalie , van Schoor Natasja , de Groot Lisette ,   PerioGEN Cohort Group, Blanco Juan , Carracedo Angel , Cruz Raquel , Schaefer Arne S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimFew genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been conducted for severe forms of periodontitis (stage III/IV grade C), and the number of known risk genes is scarce. To identify further genetic risk variants to improve the understanding of the disease aetiology, a GWAS meta‐analysis in cases with a diagnosis at ≤35 years of age was performed.Materials and MethodsGenotypes from German, Dutch and Spanish GWAS studies of III/IV‐C periodontitis diagnosed at age ≤35 years were imputed using TopMed. After quality control, a meta‐analysis was conducted on 8,666,460 variants in 1306 cases and 7817 controls with METAL. Variants were prioritized using FUMA for gene‐based tests, functional annotation and a transcriptome‐wide association study integrating eQTL data.ResultsThe study identified a novel genome‐wide significant association in the FCER1G gene (p = 1.0 × 10−9), which was previously suggestively associated with III/IV‐C periodontitis. Six additional genes showed suggestive association with p < 10−5, including the known risk gene SIGLEC5. HMCN2 showed the second strongest association in this study (p = 6.1 × 10−8).ConclusionsThis study expands the set of known genetic loci for severe periodontitis with an age of onset ≤35 years. The putative functions ascribed to the associated genes highlight the significance of oral barrier tissue stability, wound healing and tissue regeneration in the aetiology of these periodontitis forms and suggest the importance of tissue regeneration in maintaining oral health.
Cross‐sectional association between severe periodontitis and diabetes mellitus: A nation‐wide cohort study
Authors: Montero Eduardo , Bujaldón Rocío , Montanya Eduard , Calle‐Pascual Alfonso L. , Rojo‐Martínez Gemma , Castaño Luis , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Delgado Elías , Chaves Felipe , Alonso Bettina , Sanz Mariano , Herrera David 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cross‐sectional association between severe periodontitis and diabetes mellitus (DM), in a representative sample of Spanish population.Materials and MethodsThe di@bet.es epidemiological study is a population‐based cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of DM in the adult population of Spain. The at‐risk sample at the final examination (2016–2017) included 1751 subjects who completed an oral health questionnaire. This questionnaire, together with demographic and risk factors, had been previously validated to build an algorithm to predict severe periodontitis in the Spanish population. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between severe periodontitis and DM with adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsIn total, 144 subjects developed DM, which yielded 8.2% cumulative incidence. Severe periodontitis was detected in 59.0%, 54.7% or 68.8% of the subjects depending on three different selected criteria at the 2016–2017 exam. All criteria used to define severe periodontitis were associated with DM in unadjusted analysis, but the magnitude of the association decreased after adjusting for significant confounders. The criteria ‘≥50% of teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm’ presented an odds ratio of 4.9 (95% confidence interval: 2.2–10.7; p ≤ .001) for DM.ConclusionsSevere periodontitis is associated with DM in the Spanish population.
Epidermal barrier function in dry, flaky and sensitive skin: A narrative review
Authors: Fluhr Joachim W. , Moore David J. , Lane Majella E. , Lachmann Nadège , Rawlings Anthony V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC)—the outermost layer of the epidermis—is the principal permeability and protective barrier of the skin. Different components of the SC, including corneocytes, natural moisturizing factor, a variety of enzymes and their inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides and lipids, work interactively to maintain barrier function. The main barrier properties of the SC are the limitation of water loss and the prevention of infection and contact with potentially harmful exogenous factors. Although the SC functions consistently as a protective barrier throughout the body, variations in functions and morphology occur across body sites with age and skin type. Healthy SC function also depends on the interplay between the chemosensory barrier, the skin's microbiome and the innate immune system. Dysregulation of SC barrier function can lead to the development of skin disorders, such as dry, flaky or sensitive skin, but the complete underlying pathophysiology of these are not fully understood. This review provides insight into the current literature and emerging themes related to epidermal barrier changes that occur in the context of dry, flaky and sensitive skin. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the underlying aetiology of dry, flaky and sensitive skin and to provide tailored treatment.
NFXL1 functions as a transcriptional activator required for thermotolerance at reproductive stage in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhu Qiao‐Yun , Zhang Lin‐Lin , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACTPlants are highly susceptible to abiotic stresses, particularly heat stress during the reproductive stage. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this sensitivity remain largely unknown. In the current study, we demonstrate that the Nuclear Transcription Factor, X‐box Binding Protein 1‐Like 1 (NFXL1), directly regulates the expression of DEHYDRATION‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT‐BINDING PROTEIN 2A (DREB2A), which is crucial for reproductive thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. NFXL1 is upregulated by heat stress, and its mutation leads to a reduction in silique length (seed number) under heat stress conditions. RNA‐Seq analysis reveals that NFXL1 has a global impact on the expression of heat stress responsive genes, including DREB2A, Heat Shock Factor A3 (HSFA3) and Heat Shock Protein 17.6 (HSP17.6) in flower buds. Interestingly, NFXL1 is enriched in the promoter region of DREB2A, but not of either HSFA3 or HSP17.6. Further experiments using electrophoretic mobility shift assay have confirmed that NFXL1 directly binds to the DNA fragment derived from the DREB2A promoter. Moreover, effector–reporter assays have shown that NFXL1 activates the DREB2A promoter. The DREB2A mutants are also heat stress sensitive at the reproductive stage, and DEREB2A is epistatic to NFXL1 in regulating thermotolerance in flower buds. It is known that HSFA3, a direct target of DREB2A, regulates the expression of heat shock proteins genes under heat stress conditions. Thus, our findings establish NFXL1 as a critical upstream regulator of DREB2A in the transcriptional cassette responsible for heat stress responses required for reproductive thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.
The guaranteed euros: Probabilistic discounting in behavioural‐variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Boutoleau‐Bretonnière Claire , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , El Haj Mohamad 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFinancial decision‐making requires trading off between guaranteed and probabilistic outcomes and between immediate and delayed ones. While research has demonstrated that patients with behavioural‐variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) prefer immediate rewards at the expense of future ones (i.e. temporal discounting), little is known about how patients choose between smaller, guaranteed and larger, but probabilistic, outcomes (i.e. probabilistic discounting). We thus investigated probabilistic discounting by inviting 18 patients with bvFTD and 20 control participants to choose between fixed smaller monetary amounts and a fixed larger monetary amount with a variated probability of occurrence (e.g. ‘Would you rather have 40€ for sure or a 20% chance of winning 100€?’). Results demonstrated lower scores, indicating higher risk tolerance, on the probabilistic discounting task in patients with bvFTD (while impulsively choosing more immediate rewards on the temporal discounting task) compared to control participants. Probabilistic discounting was significantly correlated with a decline in general cognitive performance in patients with bvFTD. When dealing between smaller, guaranteed, and larger, but probabilistic, rewards, patients with bvFTD tend to prefer guaranteed rewards and discount the uncertain ones.