bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of large intestinal carcinogenicity of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine at low doses in rats initiated with azoxymethane
Authors: Doi Kenichiro , Wanibuchi Hideki , Salim Elsayed I. , Morimura Keiichirou , Kinoshita Anna , Kudoh Shinzoh , Hirata Kazuto , Yoshikawa Junichi , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: March 2005

Abstract2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP), an abundant food‐derived heterocyclic amine (HCA), has attracted particular attention as a human colon carcinogen. Humans are in fact exposed to continuous low doses of HCAs during lifetime. Therefore, we focused on rat large intestinal carcinogenicity of PhIP at levels that mimic practical human exposure. A total of 192 6‐week‐old male F344 rats were subcutaneously injected twice with 15 mg/kg body weight azoxymethane (AOM), then continuously fed various doses (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50 and 200 ppm) of PhIP in the diet. At week 16, aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were quantitatively analyzed. At week 36, tumor occurrence was pathologically analyzed. Then immunohistochemical examinations were performed. PhIP was found to enhance strongly AOM‐initiated rat large intestinal tumorigenesis at high doses (50 and 200 ppm), while lower doses (0.001–10 ppm) had no apparent effects. High doses also caused variation in tumor histologic types and their distribution throughout the large intestinal segments. Frequencies of ACF/cm2 did not meaningfully vary between the groups. Cellular proliferation activity in normal‐appearing colonic mucosa was significantly increased at high doses. These novel findings may provide evidence of a low‐dose potential for PhIP, with a no‐observed effect level speculated to be 10 ppm in the present initiation‐promotion experimental model. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increase of antioxidant capacity of the lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) during fermentation by a novel bacterium from the fruit microflora
Authors: Martin Luc J , Matar Chantal 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMembers of the genus Vaccinium, such as blueberry and cranberry, are known to be excellent sources of antioxidant phenolic compounds, for example anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids. The fruit also provides a natural habitat for numerous microorganisms. Interaction between the fruit and the microflora might affect the antioxidant phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of wild blueberry fermented by a newly identified bacterium isolated from blueberry‐fruit surface microflora, Serratia vaccinii. Increase in the antioxidant capacity following fermentation of blueberries by the novel bacterium, as determined with the 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl method, was attributed not only to an increase in total phenolics, but also to a change in the phenolic profile, as demonstrated by the production of gallic acid and of a novel compound of phenolic or phenylpropanoic structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dietary humate on the pH, TBARS and microbiological properties of vacuum‐ and aerobic‐packed breast and drumstick meats of broilers
Authors: Aksu Muhammet İrfan , Karaoǧlu Mevlüt , Kaya Mükerrem , Esenbuǧa Nurinisa , Maci̇t Muhlis 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe current trial determined the influence of dietary humate, including humic, fulvic and ulmic acids and some microminerals on the pH, TBARS and microbiological properties of vacuum‐packed and aerobic‐packed breast fillets and drumsticks of broilers. A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross‐308) were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments (H0, H1, H2 and H3 groups). A basal diet (H0), basal diet plus 0.1 (H1), 0.2 (H2) and 0.3% (H3) humate (Farmagulator DRY™, Humate, Farmavet International Inc, Kocaeli 41 400, Turkey) were offered during the experimental feeding period. At the end of the trial all chicks were slaughtered. After standard dissection of carcasses, the breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum packaging or aerobic packaging. Packed breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 °C for 12 days. The breasts and drumsticks were analyzed for pH, TBARS, total mesophilic, total psychrotrophic, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriacea counts at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days of storage. The feeding of humate decreased pH values of breast fillets and drumstick muscles (p < 0.01), especially at the 0.1% level. The TBARS value decreased (p < 0.01) when compared with the without‐humate group (H0). Total aerobic mesophilic (p < 0.01), total aerobic psychrotrophic (p < 0.01) and lactic acid bacteria (p < 0.05) counts were lower in the H3 group than the other groups. The effect of meat type on pH, TBARS, total aerobic mesophilic (p < 0.01) and lactic acid bacteria (p < 0.05) and Enterobacteriacea counts was significant. While the pH and TBARS values of breast fillets were lower than those of drumstick meats, the total mesophilic, total psychrotrophic, lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriacea counts of drumstick meats were higher than those of breast fillets. The effect of packaging type on pH (p < 0.01), TBARS (p < 0.01), total aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria (p < 0.01) and Enterobacteriacea counts (p < 0.01) was found statistically significant and the maximum values were determined in the aerobic‐packed samples. In addition, investigated parameters were also affected by storage period. While the total aerobic mesophilic count decreased, the other parameters increased when compared with zero day of storage. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Phytic acid in Indian soybean: genotypic variability and influence of growing location
Authors: Kumar Vineet , Rani Anita , Rajpal Sonal , Srivastava Garima , Ramesh Aketi , Joshi Om Prakash 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhytic acid, the heat‐stable anti‐nutritional factor, was determined in 80 cultivars/strains of Indian soybean to identify genotypes that possess low concentrations of phytic acid. Variation of values of 28.6–46.4 g kg−1soy flour was observed. Information on the influence of growing locations with widely differing soil types on phytic acid content being scarce, phytic acid in the mature dry seeds of eight Indian soybean cultivars grown over four locations was evaluated. Variation in different varieties at different locations was 27.8–45.0 g kg−1soy flour. Averaged over eight genotypes, the maximum mean value for phytic acid was observed at Pantnagar and the minimum at Palampur. These differences in locational mean values for phytic acid can be explained on the basis of characteristics of the soils and environment. The higher mean value at Pantnagar may be attributed to higher soil organic phosphorus, nearly neutral pH and favorable temperature from flowering to maturity. However, the lower value observed at Palampur can be explained by the acidic nature of its soil, with lower maximum and minimum temperatures prevailing from flowering to maturity. Locational and genotypic × locational effects were found to be significant (p< 0.01). The results indicated that soil characteristics and soil environment play a significant role in the accumulation of phytic acid in soybean seeds. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Serum from Sydenham's chorea patients modifies intracellular calcium levels in PC12 cells by a complement‐independent mechanism
Authors: Teixeira Antonio L. , Guimarães Melissa M. , Romano‐Silva Marco Aurélio , Cardoso Francisco 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe proposed pathogenesis of Sydenham's chorea (SC) is an autoantibody‐mediated basal ganglia dysfunction. Our study has shown that incubation of PC12 cells with complement‐inactivated serum from SC patients was associated with a significant increase in Ca2+ levels evoked by KCl stimulus (mean ± SEM, 341.0 ± 8.7% of fluorescence intensity, arbitrary units) when compared with incubation with control serum (313.8 ± 8.7% of fluorescence intensity, arbitrary units; P = 0.01). The increase in Ca2+ levels determined by SC patients sera correlated directly with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay optical density values for anti–basal ganglia antibodies. Our study supports the hypothesis that antibodies against basal ganglia in SC may cause their dysfunction. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Marked amelioration of alcohol‐responsive posthypoxic myoclonus by γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (Xyrem)
Authors: Frucht Steven J. , Bordelon Yvette , Houghton William H. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe conducted an open‐label, dose‐finding, blinded‐rating trial of γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (Xyrem) in a single patient with severe alcohol‐responsive posthypoxic myoclonus refractory to treatment with standard antimyoclonic agents. Xyrem was given in divided doses during the day and was well tolerated. Intensity of myoclonus was measured using the Unified Myoclonus Rating Scale, and blinded videotape review demonstrated complete resolution of myoclonus at rest and stimulus‐sensitive myoclonus. Action myoclonus and functional performance also improved in ways that were practically meaningful, allowing her to feed herself, to accomplish daily hygiene tasks, and to walk with assistance. The possible mechanisms of action and potential uses of this agent in other alcohol‐responsive movement disorders are discussed. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Botulinum A toxin injections into the detrusor: An effective treatment in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity?
Authors: Kessler Thomas M. , Danuser Hansjörg , Schumacher Martin , Studer Urs E. , Burkhard Fiona C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimsTo assess and compare the effect of botulinum A toxin (BTX‐A) injections into the detrusor in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity resistant to anticholinergic treatment.Patients and MethodsIn a prospective study, 11 patients with idiopathic and 11 with neurogenic detrusor overactivity resistant to anticholinergic treatment were injected with 300 U of BTX‐A (Botox®) into the detrusor. Clinical and urodynamic parameters were assessed before and after BTX‐A injections.ResultsIn idiopathic as well as in neurogenic detrusor overactivity, median daytime frequency decreased significantly from 11 to 4 (P = 0.004) and 12 to 5 (P = 0.001), median nocturia from 3 to 1 (P = 0.004) and 3 to 1 (P = 0.001), and median number of used pads from 5 to 0 (P = 0.001) and 5 to 0 (P = 0.002), respectively. There was a significant increase in median maximum cystometric capacity from 220 to 340 ml (P = 0.001) and 190 to 410 ml (to instead of) (P = 0.001), median bladder compliance from 20 to 55 ml/cmH2O (P = 0.001) and 23 to 60 ml/cmH2O (P = 0.004) and median post void residual from 10 to 140 ml (P = 0.002) and 30 to 240 ml (P = 0.002), respectively. Median maximum detrusor pressure decreased significantly from 45 to 29 cmH2O (P = 0.002) and 40 to 24 cmH2O (P = 0.002), and median detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate from 30 to 14 ml/sec (P = 0.001) and 38 to 21 ml/sec (P = 0.016), respectively. Due to post void residuals >150 ml following BTX‐A injections, de novo clean intermittent self‐catheterization was necessary in nine patients (four with idiopathic and five with neurogenic detrusor overactivity) and in one patient (with idiopathic detrusor overactivity) a suprapubic catheter was placed. The effect of BTX‐A injections lasted for a median time of 5 months in both idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity. There was no significant difference in idiopathic compared to neurogenic detrusor overactivity in regard to clinical and urodynamic parameters assessed before and after BTX‐A injections.ConclusionsBTX‐A injections into the detrusor have a significant and comparable but temporally limited effect in idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity resistant to anticholinergic treatment. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the Blaivas–Groutz bladder outlet obstruction nomogram in women with urinary incontinence
Authors: Massolt Elske T. , Groen Jan , Vierhout Mark E. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractAimsTo test the applicability of the Blaivas–Groutz nomogram for female bladder outlet obstruction in urinary incontinent women presenting in a general gynecologic practice and to determine how the nomogram results related to the presence of obstructive symptoms according to a standardized questionnaire.MethodsAll women with complaints of urinary incontinence underwent multichannel urodynamic testing, free uroflowmetry and were asked to complete a standardized quality of life questionnaire consisting of the urogenital distress inventory (UDI). The patients were classified according to the Blaivas–Groutz nomogram.ResultsOne hundred and nine patients were classified according to the nomogram. Thirty‐three patients (30.3%) were classified as unobstructed, 63 patients (57.8%) as mildly, 12 patients (11%) as moderately, and 1 patient (0.9%) was classified as severely obstructed. Fifty patients correctly completed the UDI. There was no significant difference (P = 0.61) in the score on the domain UDI obstruction between, according to the nomogram, obstructed and unobstructed patients. Only 18% of the obstructed patients had isolated voiding symptoms suggestive of obstruction. Forty‐nine percent of the obstructed patients had urgency‐frequency symptoms as well as voiding symptoms suggestive of obstruction. There was no correlation (Pearson, r = −0.06, P = 0.61) between the severity of the symptoms (assessed by the UDI scale) and the degree of obstruction (the four nomogram zones).ConclusionsApplication of the Blaivas–Groutz nomogram gave an unlikely high prevalence of obstruction in our patient group, which showed no correlation with symptoms when measured with the UDI. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biology, clinical characteristics, and management of adrenocortical tumors in children
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Figueiredo Bonald C. , Zambetti Gerard P. , Ribeiro Raul C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractChildhood adrenocortical tumors (ACT) are very aggressive endocrine neoplasms whose incidence is quite low. Little is known about their pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and optimal treatment. In recent years, however, new information has been derived from the International Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumor Registry (IPACTR), and new clues to its pathogenesis have emerged. To provide an overview of the available data that may apply to pediatric ACT, we reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of ACT in adults and in children. Germline TP53 mutation is almost always the predisposing factor in childhood ACT. A unique germline mutation (TP53–R337H) has been described in Southern Brazil, where the incidence of ACT is 10–15 times the general incidence. Childhood ACT typically present during the first 5 years of life and has female predominance. Hormone hyperproduction is almost universal, and most patients present with virilization. Two‐thirds of patients have resectable tumors. Surgery is the definitive treatment for ACT, and a curative complete resection should always be attempted. Cisplatin‐based chemotherapy with mitotane is indicated for unresectable or metastatic disease, although its impact on overall outcome is slight. In childhood ACT, age, tumor size, and tumor resectability are the most important prognostic indicators. Outcome is stage‐dependent; patients with small, resectable tumors have survival rates in excess of 80%, whereas the outcome for patients with unresectable disease is dismal. Patients with large, resectable tumors have an intermediate outcome. Childhood ACT are rare, but their unique epidemiology appear to implicate novel oncogenic pathways that are unique to the pediatric population. Multi‐institutional and prospective studies are necessary to further our understanding of the pathogenesis and to improve outcomes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Menopausal hormone therapy: Currently no evidence for cardiac protection
Authors: Wenger Nanette K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractCoronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among women of older age. Interest emerged as to whether premenopausal endogenous estrogen conferred cardiac protection and whether menopausal hormone therapy might prove beneficial. The results of pivotal clinical trials including the randomized, placebo‐controlled hormone trial of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) have led to new Guidelines from the American Heart Association (AHA) that state that hormone therapy should not be initiated or continued for the primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:625–629. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of polyethylene‐octene elastomer/SiO2‐TiO2 nanocomposites via in situ polymerization: Properties and characterization of the hybrid
Authors: Wu Chin‐San 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn this study, a silicic acid and tetra isopropyl ortho titanate ceramic precursor and a metallocene polyethylene‐octene elastomer (POE) or acrylic acid grafted metallocene polyethylene‐octene elastomer (POE‐g‐AA) were used in the preparation of hybrids (POE/SiO2TiO2 and POE‐g‐AA/SiO2TiO2) using an in situ sol‐gel process, with a view to identifying a hybrid with improved thermal and mechanical properties. Hybrids were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 29Si solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and Instron mechanical testing. Properties of the POE‐g‐AA/SiO2TiO2 hybrid were superior to those of the POE/SiO2TiO2 hybrid. This was because the carboxylic acid groups of acrylic acid acted as coordination sites for the silica‐titania phase to allow the formation of stronger chemical bonds. 29Si solid‐state NMR showed that Si atoms coordinated around SiO4 units were predominantly Q3 and Q4. The 10 wt % SiO2TiO2 hybrids gave the maximum values of tensile strength and glass transition temperature in both POE/SiO2TiO2 and POE‐g‐AA/SiO2TiO2. It is proposed that above this wt %, excess SiO2TiO2 particles caused separation between the organic and inorganic phases. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1690–1701, 2005
Probabilistic model for estimating field mortality of target and non‐target bird populations when simultaneously exposed to avicide bait
Authors: Johnston John J , Holmes Melvin J , Hart Andy , Kohler Dennis J , Stahl Randal S 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA probabilistic model was developed to estimate target and non‐target avian mortality associated with the application of the avicide CPTH (3‐chloro‐p‐toluidine hydrochloride) to minimize sprouting rice damage in the southern USA. CPTH exposures for individual birds were predicted by random sampling from species‐specific non‐parametric distributions of bait seed consumption and CPTH residues detected on individual bait seeds. Mortality was predicted from the species‐specific exposure versus mortality relationship. Individual variations in this response were captured in the model by Monte Carlo sampling from species‐specific distributions of slopes and median toxicity values (LD50) for each bird. The model was used to simultaneously predict mortality (percentage of exposed population and number of birds killed/weight of consumed bait) for a target (blackbird) and non‐target (mourning dove) species feeding on bait sites for up to five consecutive days. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
III–V layer transfer onto silicon and applications
Authors: Di Cioccio L. , Jalaguier E. , Letertre F. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIntegration of GaAs and InP with Si technology presents a huge potential interest. When realised, it will combine the superior electrical and optical properties of GaAs and InP with the mechanical and economical advantages of Si, including large integration density. To obtain such hybrid structures, heteroepitaxial growth has been investigated extensively but, up to now, the resulting devices have limited performance due to a high density of threading dislocations. Bonding technologies have also been developed and III–V optical devices on Si have been already demonstrated. In this paper, we review the application of the Smart CutTM technology which allows large diameter GaAs (or InP) thin film to be transferred onto a full silicon (handle) wafer. This technique is fully compatible with the requirements of microelectronics manufacturing and, both, HEMTs and P‐HEMTs structures have been realised. They exhibit electrical characteristics in close comparison to the prototype structures directly grown on a conventional GaAs or InP substrate. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ion beam synthesis of 3C–(Si1–xC1–y)Gex+y solid solutions
Authors: Weih P. , Stauden Th. , Ecke G. , Shokhovets S. , Zgheib Ch. , Voelskow M. , Skorupa W. , Ambacher O. , Pezoldt J. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractIn the present study cubic 3C–(Si1–xC1–y)Gex+y solid solutions were created by using ion beam synthesis. 3C–SiC thin layers grown on on‐axis Si (111) substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy were implanted with Ge in order to incorporate Ge atoms in the Silicon Carbide lattice. Two series of experiments were carried out. The implantation energy was chosen to be 140 keV and 200 keV and the implantation dose 1 × 1017 cm–2 and 4.7 × 1016 cm–2 respectively. The samples were annealed under rapid thermal annealing conditions in the temperature range between 800 °C and 1300 °C. X‐ray diffraction measurements indicate an enlargement of the lattice constant. The observed higher absorption in the implanted layers could be a sign of a band gap reduction as a consequence of Ge incorporation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Certification of the cadmium content in certified reference materials for Cd rice flour
Authors: Zhao Mo‐Tian , Wang Jun , Lu Baikeng , Lu Hai 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe materials used to prepare the certified reference materials (CRMs) for Cd rice flour described here were taken from Cd‐contaminated rice samples, round‐grained and non‐sticky rice grown in different provinces throughout China. The Cd rice materials were first blown to remove dust and husk, and then were successively ground, sieved, dried and mixed to form homogeneous rice flour. The Cd rice flour was packed in glass bottles, each bottle containing 40 g. All bottled CRMs were subjected to 60Co radiation (2.5 megarads) for long‐term preservation. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the homogeneity of the cadmium content in each material. The certification of the cadmium content for the three CRMs was performed using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of post‐excitation radius on ion abundance, mass measurement accuracy, and isotopic distributions in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Hawkridge Adam M. , Nepomuceno Angelito I. , Lovik Stephanie L. , Mason Christopher J. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe report an evaluation of a modern Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT‐ICR‐MS) instrument to determine the general trend of post‐excitation radius on total ion abundance, mass measurement accuracy, and isotopic distributions for internally calibrated mass spectra. The optimum post‐excitation radius was determined using total ion abundance, mass measurement accuracy (MMA), and isotope ratios. However, despite the utility of internal calibration for achieving ultimate MMA, the internal calibrant ions were insufficient for compensating for sub‐optimum ICR cell conditions. The findings presented herein underscore the importance of determining the optimal post‐excitation radius in FT‐ICR‐MS to achieve high ion abundance (low limits of detection), high MMA, and valid isotopic distributions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.