bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Parallel Architecture in Language and Elsewhere
Authors: Jackendoff Ray 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Parallel Architecture is a conception of the organization of the mental representations involved in language and of the role of language in the mind as a whole. Its basic premise is that linguistic representations draw on three independent generative systems—phonological, syntactic, and semantic structures—plus a system of interface links by which they communicate with each other. In particular, words serve as partial interface links that govern the way they compose into novel sentences.It is shown that this architecture also provides a natural way to account for our ability to talk about what we see: semantic structure in language has to communicate via interface links with a level of spatial representation that encodes understanding of the physical world. It is suggested that such configurations of independent but linked representations are a widespread feature of cognition.
Computed tomographic and bronchoscopic diagnosis of Oslerus osleri infection in a dog
Authors: Kliewer Maya , Gu Jasmine , Paulin Mathieu Victor , Sukut Sally , Cosford Kevin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 16‐month‐old Sarplaninac Shepherd cross dog presented for a 1‐month history of a productive cough that was unresponsive to an empirical 10‐day course of cephalexin. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed multifocal, well‐defined, smoothly marginated, soft tissue attenuating, minimally contrast enhancing nodular airway mural thickenings protruding into the airway lumen in the caudal trachea and principal bronchi. These nodules were also visualized on bronchoscopy, and cytology revealed parasitic larvae consistent with Oslerus osleri. The dog was treated with oral fenbendazole for 26 days. Clinical signs resolved within 3 weeks of treatment initiation and had not relapsed at 7‐month follow‐up.
Oral health care and living environment for older people: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kengne Talla Pascaline , Rodrigues Anisha , Hachey Shauna , Affoo Rebecca , Basiren Quentin , Bouferguene Sabrina , Syed Mahidul , Emami Elham 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
This scoping review will map the literature on the extent of knowledge on living environment oral health care (LIVEOR) by examining its different terminologies, its description, the stakeholders involved, the implementation characteristics, and the outcomes reported by the authors.

Introduction:
Older people want to receive oral health care in their current living environment. Although several authors have explored some aspects of LIVEOR for older people, there are still inconsistent findings regarding the extent of this model of care.

Inclusion criteria:
This scoping review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies, as well as any type of knowledge synthesis on LIVEOR involving people aged 60 years and over. The search will not be limited by language, time frame, geographic location, or publication date.

Methods:
We will use the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A hand-search of the references of the included studies, and a gray literature search will also be conducted. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts of selected studies, and perform data extraction. Findings are expected to explore what is known of LIVEOR targeting older people and to identify any knowledge gaps for future studies. We will disseminate our findings mostly through peer-reviewed publications.

Review registration:
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/e7fm2
Effect of Reduced Oil Flow Rate on the Performance of a Load on Pad Journal Bearing: Flooded Versus Evacuated Conditions
Authors: Andrés Luis San , Ouyang Zihan , Qin Yudi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Means to decrease the energy consumption of tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) without affecting their performance and structural integrity are mandatory in a cost efficient operation. Reducing the lubricant flow supplied to a bearing is a distinct method to diminish drag power losses along with savings in oil storage and pump equipment. However, a too low flow remains questionable in industrial practice. Starved flow conditions produce hot pad surfaces that could lead to Babbitt failure; and under certain loads, generate subsynchronous vibrations (SSV). This paper aims to resolve some of the issues above via measurements of the load performance conducted with a four-pad TPJB configured as load-on-pad (LOP) and having its ends sealed or open to make flooded and evacuated conditions. Prior measurements were conducted with the same bearing under load-between-pads (LBP); see Refs. [1] and [2]. The nominal supplied flow (Q) of ISO VG 46 oil at 60 °C is proportional to shaft speed (max. 12 krpm: 62.8 m/s surface speed). In the tests, the flow Qs ranges from 1.5 Q to just ¼ Q, and the applied units load reaches 2.07 MPa. Compared to the flooded bearing, the evacuated bearing produces a slightly larger eccentricity across the range of flow rates. For a unit load = 2.07 MPa and shaft speed of 6 or 12 krpm, the highest pad subsurface temperature reaches ∼130 °C for Qs below 50% nominal. For both bearings, flooded or evacuated, drag power losses decrease to ∼30% as the oil flow drops from 100% to 50% Q. As the oil flow increases to 1.5 Q, the drag power increases ∼10% for both bearing types at 6 krpm and for the flooded one at 12 krpm, while the evacuated bearing shows a reduction of ∼7%. The drag power grows as the static load increases; the evacuated bearing producing up to ∼ 40% lesser power loss than the flooded bearing. Both bearings produce similar size direct stiffnesses though largely orthotropic, Kyy ≫ Kxx. Direct damping coefficients Cxx ∼ Cyy increase with shaft speed and unit load but dramatically decrease as Qs drops, in particular for the evacuated bearing. The current measurements and those in Refs. [1] and [2] demonstrate that LOP and LBP bearings can safely operate with 50% of nominal flow thus saving drag power, and without too large pad, temperature rises. Alas, too low Qs produces a significant reduction in the damping coefficient orthogonal to the applied load direction. The effect is most evident in the LOP evacuated bearing, which is most prone to show SSV Hash.
Enhanced Capabilities for Sub-Wavelength Defect Detection using Focussed Lamb Waves
Authors: Cregeen Joseph , Greenshields David , Edwards Rachel S 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are commonly used for non-destructive testing and the location of defects within conductive materials. EMATs can be designed to generate guided waves, such as Lamb waves. Lamb waves are typically used for screening for defects as they can travel long distances through a sample with little attenuation. However, this requires large wavelengths which are less sensitive to small defects. As such, defects smaller than the wavelength may not be detected and are typically challenging to resolve. This work presents a method for the focussing of Lamb waves using curved, geometrically focussed EMATs. The Lamb waves were excited in 1 mm thick aluminium sheets. The size of the focal spot is shown to be dependent on the wavelength of the generation signal. At the wavelength chosen for defect detection, the focal spot is shown to be approximately 3 mm × 4 mm in size. An array of focussed EMATs was used to detect the perturbation of the generation pulse, along with reflections, from 0.5 mm deep square defects located in the plate. B-scans are presented and a method for defect width measurement is proposed, which is shown to be accurate to within ± 0.73 mm for a 10 mm × 10 mm square defect. C-scans are also presented which show the location and geometry of defects with a very good agreement to the known location and size of the machined defects.
Client-Led Applied Sport Psychology Practitioners’ Narratives About Helping Athletes
Authors: Tod David , McEwan Hayley E. , Cronin Colum , Lafferty Moira 
Published: October 2023

The current study explored how applied sport psychology practitioners adopting client-led stances described two of their athlete interactions. Applied sport psychology practitioners (8 female and 12 male, mean age = 33.76 years, SD = 4.70), describing themselves as client-led practitioners, discussed two athlete consultancies during open-ended interviews. Data analysis involved examining the narrative structure of practitioners’ stories and identifying the features of client-led service delivery present in the accounts. The participants’ stories reflected a collaborative empiricism narrative in which they collaborated with athletes to resolve client issues. The stories contained features of client-led person-centered therapy and the use of practitioner-led techniques and interventions. The results point to applied implications such as providing accounts of service delivery on which practitioners can reflect as they consider the ways they wish to help clients.
Dengue virus 4/2 envelope domain chimeric virus panel maps type-specific responses against dengue serotype 2
Authors: Zhu Deanna R. , Rajesh Alecia J. , Meganck Rita M. , Young Ellen F. , Munt Jennifer E. , Tse Victor L. , Yount Boyd , Conrad Helen , White Laura , Henein Sandra , DeSilva Aravinda M. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The DENV envelope (E) and pre-membrane (prM) glycoproteins are primary targets of serologic immunity after infection and vaccination. Of these, serotype-specific (TS) antibodies typically target E domains, while serotype cross-reactive (CR) antibodies typically the target prM protein and conserved E regions. To identify and quantify E-domain TS neutralizing antibody responses in polyclonal sera, we developed a panel of chimeric DENV4/2 viruses that incorporate DENV2 envelope domain I, II, and III (DENV4/2-EDI, EDII, EDIII) into the DENV4 E glycoprotein. Chimeric DENV4/2 viruses were recovered, replicated efficiently, and displayed similar maturation states as parental viruses. The recovery of viable DENV4/2-EDII recombinants required the inclusion of chimeric DENV4/2 prM that maintained critical interactions with chimeric E. To assess structural integrity and epitope display of chimeric viruses, we examined neutralization of mature virions by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and heterotypic polyclonal sera. The ED-chimeric virions preserved epitopes of TS and envelope-dimer-epitope CR mAbs and had similar sensitivity to CR polyclonal responses as parental strains. Primary sera from natural infection and human challenge target a region centered on EDIII and secondarily target EDII and EDI. Sera from natural infection had a unique neutralization pattern compared to sera from human challenge, which included greater frequency and higher titer of responses against DENV EDII. In summary, DENV4/2 E recombinant viruses delineate the subdomain targets of TS antibodies after vaccination and primary infection, which may provide new correlates of protection or identify epitopes of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.

IMPORTANCE
The four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes infect several hundred million people each year. Although primary infection is generally mild, subsequent infection by differing serotypes increases the risk for symptomatic disease ranging from fever to life-threatening shock. Despite the availability of licensed vaccines, a comprehensive understanding of antibodies that target the viral envelope protein and protect from infection remains incomplete. In this manuscript, we develop a panel of recombinant viruses that graft each envelope domain of DENV2 onto the DENV4 envelope glycoprotein, revealing protein interactions important for virus viability. Furthermore, we map neutralizing antibody responses after primary DENV2 natural infection and a human challenge model to distinct domains on the viral envelope protein. The panel of recombinant viruses provides a new tool for dissecting the E domain-specific targeting of protective antibody responses, informing future DENV vaccine design.
Complete genome sequences of
Ruminococcus torques
strains JCM 36208 and JCM 36209, isolated from the feces of a healthy Japanese male
Authors: Hisatomi Atsushi , Tourlousse Dieter M. , Hamajima Mayu , Ohkuma Moriya , Sekiguchi Yuji , Sakamoto Mitsuo 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two
Ruminococcus torques
strains (JCM 36208 and JCM 36209) that were newly isolated from the feces of a healthy Japanese male. Both genomes consist of a single circular chromosome with a length of ~2.8 Mbp and a G+C content of 41.8%.
The heme-responsive PrrH sRNA regulates
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
pyochelin gene expression
Authors: Hoang Tra-My , Huang Weiliang , Gans Jonathan , Weiner Jacob , Nowak Evan , Barbier Mariette , Wilks Angela , Kane Maureen A. , Oglesby Amanda G. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic pathogen that requires iron for growth and virulence, yet this nutrient is sequestered by the innate immune system during infection. When iron is limiting,
P. aeruginosa
expresses the PrrF1 and PrrF2 small RNAs (sRNAs), which post-transcriptionally repress expression of nonessential iron-containing proteins, thus sparing this nutrient for more critical processes. The genes for the PrrF1 and PrrF2 sRNAs are arranged in tandem on the chromosome, allowing for the transcription of a longer heme-responsive sRNA, termed PrrH. While the functions of PrrF1 and PrrF2 have been extensively studied, the role of PrrH in
P. aeruginosa
physiology and virulence is not well understood. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic studies to identify the PrrH regulon. In shaking cultures, the pyochelin synthesis proteins were increased in two distinct
prrH
mutants compared to the wild type, while the mRNAs for these proteins were not affected by the
prrH
mutation. We identified complementarity between the PrrH sRNA and the sequence upstream of the
pchE
mRNA, suggesting the potential for PrrH to directly regulate the expression of genes for pyochelin synthesis. We further showed that
pchE
mRNA levels were increased in the
prrH
mutants when grown in static but not shaking conditions. Moreover, we discovered that controlling for the presence of light was critical for examining the impact of PrrH on
pchE
expression. As such, our study reports on the first likely target of the PrrH sRNA and highlights key environmental variables that will allow for future characterization of PrrH function.

IMPORTANCE

In the human host, iron is predominantly in the form of heme, which
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
can acquire as an iron source during infection. We previously showed that the iron-responsive PrrF small RNAs (sRNAs) are critical for mediating iron homeostasis during
P. aeruginosa
infection; however, the function of the heme-responsive PrrH sRNA remains unclear. In this study, we identified genes for pyochelin siderophore biosynthesis, which mediates uptake of inorganic iron, as a novel target of PrrH regulation. This study therefore highlights a novel relationship between heme availability and siderophore biosynthesis in
P. aeruginosa
.
In-depth biological characterization of two black soldier fly anti-
Pseudomonas
peptides reveals LPS-binding and immunomodulating effects
Authors: Van Moll Laurence , Wouters Milan , De Smet Jeroen , De Vooght Linda , Delputte Peter , Van Der Borght Mik , Cos Paul 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

As effector molecules of the innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gathered substantial interest as a potential future generation of antibiotics. Here, we demonstrate the anti-
Pseudomonas
activity and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding ability of HC1 and HC10, two cecropin peptides from the black soldier fly (
Hermetia Illucens
). Both peptides are active against a wide range of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains, including drug-resistant clinical isolates. Moreover, HC1 and HC10 can bind to lipid A, the toxic center of LPS and reduce the LPS-induced nitric oxide and cytokine production in murine macrophage cells. This suggests that the peptide-LPS binding can also lower the strong inflammatory response associated with
P. aeruginosa
infections. As the activity of AMPs is often influenced by the presence of salts, we studied the LPS-binding activity of HC1 and HC10 in physiological salt concentrations, revealing a strong decrease in activity. Our research confirmed the early potential of HC1 and HC10 as starting points for anti-
Pseudomonas
drugs, as well as the need for structural or formulation optimization before further preclinical development can be considered.

IMPORTANCE

The high mortality and morbidity associated with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infections remain an ongoing challenge in clinical practice that requires urgent action.
P. aeruginosa
mostly infects immunocompromised individuals, and its prevalence is especially high in urgent care hospital settings. Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are outer membrane structures that are responsible for inducing the innate immune cascade upon infection.
P. aeruginosa
LPS can cause local excessive inflammation, or spread systemically throughout the body, leading to multi-organ failure and septic shock. As antimicrobial resistance rates in
P. aeruginosa
infections are rising, the research and development of new antimicrobial agents remain indispensable. Especially, antimicrobials that can both kill the bacteria themselves and neutralize their toxins are of great interest in
P. aeruginosa
research to develop as the next generation of drugs.
An effective antimicrobial strategy of colistin combined with the Chinese herbal medicine shikonin against colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Yan , Wang Yue , Kong Jingchun , Jiang Xianguo , Han Yijia , Feng Luozhu , Sun Yao , Chen Lijiang , Zhou Tieli 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

The treatment of bacterial infections has become more challenging due to the increasing prevalence of colistin-resistant (Col-R) pathogens. Shikonin is a Chinese herbal medicine that has been proven to have antibacterial properties. In recent years, many studies have shown that the combination of traditional antibiotics and non-antibacterial drugs can effectively treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the potential of shikonin in combination with colistin to inhibit colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
(Col-R
E. coli
)
,
and explored potential interaction. In checkerboard analysis, shikonin could significantly reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin by two to eight times, enhancing the susceptibility of Col-R
E. coli
to colistin. Shikonin also increased the bactericidal effect of colistin against Col-R
E. coli
in 24 h time-kill assays, resulting in a >3 log-fold decrease in colony-forming units.
In vivo
tests showed that the combination of colistin and shikonin could significantly improve the survival rate of
Galleria mellonella
. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that colistin/shikonin could inhibit the formation of biofilms, and shikonin could down-regulate the transcription level of biofilm-regulated genes (
csgA
,
csgD
,
flhC
,
flhD
,
fliC
,
fliM
,
lsrK
, and
lsrR
). The synergistic mechanism of colistin and shikonin was further revealed by detecting membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species production, and
mcr-1
gene expression. Our findings indicate that the colistin/shikonin combination may be a promising alternative approach to treat Col-R
E. coli
infections.

IMPORTANCE

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant
Escherichia coli
(MDR
E. coli
) have become a major global healthcare problem due to the lack of effective antibiotics today. The emergence of colistin-resistant
E. coli
strains makes the situation even worse. Therefore, new antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed to combat colistin-resistant
E. coli
. Combining traditional antibiotics with non-antibacterial drugs has proved to be an effective approach of combating MDR bacteria. This study investigated the combination of colistin and shikonin, a Chinese herbal medicine, against colistin-resistant
E. coli
. This combination showed good synergistic antibacterial both
in vivo
and
in vitro
experiments. Under the background of daily increasing colistin resistance in
E. coli
, this research points to an effective antimicrobial strategy of using colistin and shikonin in combination against colistin-resistant
E. coli
.
Molecular and evolutionary basis of O-antigenic polysaccharide-driven phage sensitivity in environmental pseudomonads
Authors: Vacheron Jordan , Heiman Clara M. , Garneau Julian R. , Kupferschmied Peter , de Jonge Ronnie , Garrido-Sanz Daniel , Keel Christoph 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas protegens
CHA0, a bacterial strain able to suppress plant pathogens as well as efficiently kill lepidopteran pest insects, has been studied as a biocontrol agent to prevent ensuing agricultural damage. However, the success of this method is dependent on efficient plant colonization by the bacterial inoculant, while it faces competition from the resident microbiota as well as predators such as bacteriophages. One of these naturally occurring phages, ΦGP100, was found to drastically reduce the abundance of CHA0 once inoculated into plant microcosms, resulting in the loss of plant protection effect against a phytopathogen. Here, we investigated the molecular determinants implicated in the interaction between CHA0 and the phage ΦGP100 using a high-density transposon-sequencing approach. We show that lipopolysaccharide cell surface decorations, specifically the longer OBC3-type O-antigenic polysaccharide (O-PS, O-antigen) of the two dominant O-PS of CHA0, are essential for the attachment and infection of ΦGP100. Moreover, when exploring the distribution of the OBC3 cluster in bacterial genomes, we identified several parts of this gene cluster that are conserved in phylogenetically distant bacteria. Through heterologous complementation, we integrated an OBC3-type gene copy from a phylogenetically distant bacterium and were able to restore the phage sensitivity of a CHA0 mutant which lacked the ability to form long O-PS. Finally, we evidence that the OBC3 gene cluster of CHA0 displays a high genomic plasticity and likely underwent several horizontal acquisitions and genomic rearrangements. Collectively, this study underlines the complexity of phage-bacteria interactions and the multifunctional aspect of bacterial cell surface decorations.

IMPORTANCE

The application of plant-beneficial microorganisms to protect crop plants is a promising alternative to the usage of chemicals. However, biocontrol research often faces difficulties in implementing this approach due to the inconsistency of the bacterial inoculant to establish itself within the root microbiome. Beneficial bacterial inoculants can be decimated by the presence of their natural predators, notably bacteriophages (also called phages). Thus, it is important to gain knowledge regarding the mechanisms behind phage-bacteria interactions to overcome this challenge. Here, we evidence that the major long O-antigenic polysaccharide (O-PS, O-antigen) of the widely used model plant-beneficial bacterium
Pseudomonas protegens
CHA0 is the receptor of its natural predator, the phage ΦGP100. We examined the distribution of the gene cluster directing the synthesis of this O-PS and identified signatures of horizontal gene acquisitions. Altogether, our study highlights the importance of bacterial cell surface structure variation in the complex interplay between phages and their
Pseudomonas
hosts.