bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community integration of the mentally III in residential facilities
Authors: Kruzich Jean M. 
Published: January 2005

SummaryThis study's results complement recent studies that support the importance of the relationship of environmental influences on the social adjustment on a sample largely residing in intermediate care and skilled nursing facilities, support the generalizability of the findings to facilities offering higher levels of care.These findings point to the importance of residential care administrators articulating a philosophy through their programming, physical environment, and emotional climate that supports clients' attempts to become part of the larger community. The importance of management practices in determining how involved residents are in the community supports the notion that facility staff and administrators' explicit and implicit expectations play a major role in determining the client's integration in the larger community. The normalizing influence of staff and clients jointly engaging in activities suggests that facility administrators and mental health consultants underscore the importance of staff's day‐to‐day routine activities and interaction in the adjustment of clients. To the degree that staff encourage increased client growth in functioning and provide an environment that gives clear message of the individual's value and uniqueness and offers skills that reinforce the client's development, former state hospital patients are far more likely to be active participants in the communities to which they have returned.
Perceptions of social support, receipt of supportive behaviors, and locus of control as moderators of the effects of chronic stress
Authors: Cummins Robert C. 
Published: January 2005

ConclusionAlthough the cross‐sectional methodology of the present study limits causal inference, the results concerning the buffering effects of received social support for those who have perceptions of internal locus of control corroborates previous research and thus suggests that causal interpretations offered may have some validity.Several general conclusions appear justified from the present study. First, it appears a measure of social support that asks respondents to report on the receipt of particular supportive actions yields different information than a measure that asks respondents to rate the amount of support available to them. Second, perceptions of internal locus of control in combination with receipt of supportive behaviors has a stress‐buffering effect. Third, perceptions concerning locus of control appear important in determining the direct and moderating effects of perceived social support on psychological distress. Finally, the interpretation of social support by stress interactions in which support acts as a “negative buffer,” i.e., increases the stress‐symptom relation, may increase our understanding of the role of social support in coping with stress.
Aberrant T‐Cell Receptor Signalling of Interferon‐γ‐ and Tumour Necrosis Factor‐α‐Producing Cytotoxic CD8+ Vδ1/Vβ16 T Cells in a Patient with Chronic Neutropenia
Authors: Bank I. , Cohen L. , Kneller A. , De Rosbo N. K. , Book M. , Ben‐Nun A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWe previously found that the peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells (MCs) (PBMCs) of a patient with chronic neutropenia contained an expanded population of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells using a variable (V) region δ1 gene product in the T‐cell receptor‐α (TCR‐α) polypeptide [Vδ1‐constant(C)α+ T cells]. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products have now revealed a productive Vδ1/joining (J)αIGRJa03/Cα rearrangement of the TCR‐α gene, predominantly associated with a Vβ16/Dβ2.1/Jβ2.1/Cβ2 TCR‐β gene, in these cells. Furthermore, we detected a markedly deficient proliferative response of the patient PBMCs to triggering with monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to the CD3 molecule, contrasting with a substantial response to the Vβ3, 12, 14, 15, 17 and 20‐specific staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) superantigen, suggesting defective TCR‐mediated activation of the Vδ1+/Vβ16+ clone. Moreover, whereas triggering of Vδ1– T cells cultured with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) by MoAb to the CD3 molecule enhanced proliferation, Vδ1‐Cα+ T cells were inhibited by MoAbs to either CD3 or Vδ1. Vδ1‐Cα+ T‐cell clones spontaneously secrete interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and were further induced to release tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α) when triggered by anti‐CD3 plus phorbol ester. Aberrant signalling by the clonotypic TCR together with the functional properties of the CD8+ Vδ1+/Vβ16+ clone may thus contribute to the immunohaematological abnormalities observed in this patient.
Three SAC1‐like genes show overlapping patterns of expression in Arabidopsis but are remarkably silent during embryo development
Authors: Despres Barbara , Bouissonnié Fabrice , Wu Hui‐Ju , Gomord Véronique , Guilleminot Jocelyne , Grellet Françoise , Berger Frédéric , Delseny Michel , Devic Martine 
Published: December 2004

SummaryIn Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the SAC1 gene encodes a polyphosphoinositide phosphatase (PPIPase) that modulates the levels of phosphoinositides, which are key regulators of a number of signal transduction processes. SAC1p has been implicated in multiple cellular functions: actin cytoskeleton organization, secretory functions, inositol metabolism, ATP transport, and multiple‐drug sensitivity. Here, we describe the characterization of three genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSAC1a, AtSAC1b, and AtSAC1c, encoding proteins similar to those of yeast SAC1p. We demonstrated that the three AtSAC1 proteins are functional homologs of the yeast SAC1p because they can rescue the cold‐sensitive and inositol auxotroph yeast sac1‐null mutant strain. The fact that Arabidopsis and yeast SAC1 genes derived from a common ancestor suggests that this plant multigenic family is involved in the phosphoinositide pathway and in a range of cellular functions similar to those in yeast. Using GFP fusion experiments, we demonstrate that the three AtSAC1 proteins are targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. Their expression patterns are overlapping, with at least two members expressed in each organ. Remarkably, AtSAC1 genes are not expressed during seed development, and therefore additional phosphatases are required to control phosphoinositide levels in seeds.
A chemical‐regulated inducible RNAi system in plants
Authors: Guo Hui‐Shan , Fei Ji‐Feng , Xie Qi , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: December 2004

SummaryConstitutive expression of an intron‐containing self‐complementary ‘hairpin’ RNA (ihpRNA) has recently been shown to efficiently silence target genes in transgenic plants. However, this technique cannot be applied to genes whose silencing may block plant regeneration or result in embryo lethality. To obviate these potential problems, we have used a chemical‐inducible Cre/loxP (CLX) recombination system to trigger the expression of an intron‐containing inverted‐repeat RNA (RNAi) in plants. A detailed characterization of the inducible RNAi system in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana plants demonstrated that this system is stringently controlled. Moreover, it can be used to induce silencing of both transgenes and endogenous genes at different developmental stages and at high efficiency and without any detectable secondary affects. In addition to inducing complete silencing, the RNAi can be produced at various times after germination to initiate and obtain different degrees of gene silencing. Upon induction, transgenic plants with genetic chimera were obtained as demonstrated by PCR analysis. Such chimeric plants may provide a useful system to study signaling mechanisms of gene silencing in Arabidopsis as well as other cases of long‐distance signaling without grafting. The merits of using the inducible CLX system for RNAi expression are discussed.
Asymmetric expression of a poplar ACC oxidase controls ethylene production during gravitational induction of tension wood
Authors: Andersson‐Gunnerås Sara , Hellgren Jenny M. , Björklund Simon , Regan Sharon , Moritz Thomas , Sundberg Björn 
Published: December 2004

SummaryEthylene is produced in wood‐forming tissues, and when applied exogenously, it has been shown to cause profound effects on the pattern and rate of wood development. However, the molecular regulation of ethylene biosynthesis during wood formation is poorly understood. We have characterised an abundant 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase gene (PttACO1) in the wood‐forming tissues of Populus tremula (L.) × P. tremuloides (Michx). PttACO1 is primarily expressed in developing secondary xylem, and is specifically upregulated during secondary wall formation. Nevertheless, according to GC–MS analysis combined with tangential cryosectioning, the distribution of ACC was found to be fairly uniform across the cambial‐region tissues. Gravitational stimulation, which causes tension wood to form on the upper side of the stem, resulted in a strong induction of PttACO1 expression and ACC oxidase activity in the tension wood‐forming tissues. The ACC levels increased in parallel to the PttACO1 expression. However, the increase on the upper (tension wood) side was only minor, whereas large amounts of both ACC and its hydrolysable conjugates accumulated on the lower (opposite) side of the stem. This suggests that the relatively low level of ACC on the tension wood side is a result of its conversion to ethylene by the highly upregulated PttACO1, and the concurrent accumulation of ACC on the opposite side of the wood is because of the low PttACO1 levels. We conclude that PttACO1 and ACC oxidase activity, but not ACC availability, are important in the control of the asymmetric ethylene production within the poplar stem when tension wood is induced by gravitational stimulation.
Transcript profiles and deduced changes of metabolic pathways in maternal and filial tissues of developing barley grains
Authors: Sreenivasulu Nese , Altschmied Lothar , Radchuk Volodymyr , Gubatz Sabine , Wobus Ulrich , Weschke Winfriede 
Published: December 2004

SummaryDifferent aspects of barley grain development have been studied in detail, but a more global analysis of gene expression patterns is still missing. We have employed macro arrays, containing 1184 unique sequences from 1421 barley cDNA fragments, to study gene expression profiles in maternal and filial tissues of developing barley caryopses from fertilization to early storage phase. Principle component analysis (PCA) defined distinct expression networks in the pre‐storage (0, 2, and 4 days after flowering (DAF)) and early storage phase (10 and 12 DAF). During an intermediate phase (6 and 8 DAF), PCA visualizes a dramatic re‐programming of the transcriptional machinery. In maternal tissues, a large set of protein‐mobilizing enzyme mRNAs, together with upregulated lipid‐mobilizing enzyme and downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐scavenging enzyme genes, suggests mobilization of stored compounds and programmed cell death (PCD). In the filial tissue fraction, a set of genes highly expressed during the pre‐storage phase is involved in growth processes, including cell wall biosynthesis. The data suggest that the necessary UDP‐glucose is provided both by sucrose synthase (isoform 3) and an invertase‐driven pathway. Further, major developmental changes in pathways producing energy are predicted. A bell‐shaped expression profile with a peak during the intermediate phase is characteristic for genes associated with photosynthesis and ATP production. The photosynthesis‐determined increase of ATP concentration could be a prerequisite for the initiation of grain filling, dominated by starch and storage protein synthesis. Storage product accumulation is accompanied by high transcriptional activity of genes involved in glycolysis and fermentation, as well as in the citric acid cycle.
Large‐Scale HCV RNA Screening in First‐Time Blood Donors: The First Step Towards Genomic Screening of Blood Donations
Authors: Petrik Juraj , Hewitt Patricia , Barbara John , Allain Jean‐Pierre ,   HCV RNA Screening Study Group
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Individual genomic screening for viruses in blood donations is becoming increasingly pressing as an alternative to pool testing to improve the safety of the blood supply. Materials and Methods: To determine the feasibility and, possibly, efficacy of genomic screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood service setting, a representative population of first‐time blood donors was screened individually with a semi‐automated genomic amplification assay for HCV RNA. First‐time blood donors in two blood centres in the United Kingdom were screened in parallel for anti‐HCV and HCV RNA by RT‐PCR. Results: 8,417 serum samples were screened. A 99.95% specificity was observed and one anti‐HCV‐positive, HCV‐RNA‐positive donation was found. No seronegative HCV‐RNA‐positive donations were detected. Conclusions: These results are consistent with the low prevalence of HCV infection in blood donors from the London area and demonstrate the high level of performance of the individual genomic screening method used in this study. When fully automated, such a method would be a highly suitable candidate for routine, automated genomic screening of HCV and, subsequently, of other pathogenic blood‐borne viruses.
Sensitivity of PCR Assays for the Determination of Hepatitis A Virus RNA in Plasma Pools
Authors: Saldanha J. ,   HAV Collaborative Study Group
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
A collaborative study was organised to establish a hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA standard for genomic amplification assays (GAT). Materials and Methods: A panel of 10 samples consisting of a 10‐fold serial dilution of wild‐type HAV diluted in HAVnegative cryosupernatant and samples of the diluent were sent to 14 laboratories in duplicate for testing for HAV RNA by the polymerase chain reaction. Results: Data returned by 12 laboratories indicated that the sensitivities of the assays performed by different laboratories were fairly close: there was a 100‐fold difference in sensitivity between the majority of laboratories. Only one laboratory reported false‐positive results. Conclusion: A 10−5 dilution of the virus in cryosupernatant could be an appropriate working reagent for GAT assays for HAV RNA in plasma pools.
A Second Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infection from Anti‐D Immunoglobulin in Ireland
Authors: Smith Donald B. , Lawlor Emer , Power Joan , O'Riordan Joan , McAllister Jane , Lycett Carol , Davidson Fiona , Pathirana Steve , Garson Jeremy A. , Tedder Richard S. , Lee Yap Peng , Simmonds Peter 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Objective:
To investigate the infectivity for hepatitis C virus (HCV) of intravenous anti‐D immunoglobulin batches manufactured in Ireland between 1991 and 1994. Methods: Women who had received anti‐D manufactured between 1991 and 1994 were screened for serological markers of HCV infection and for the presence of HCV RNA by RT‐PCR amplification and virus genotyping. Results: 44 women exposed to anti‐D manufactured between 1991 and 1994 were polymerase chain reaction positive for HCV RNA, 19 of whom were infected with genotype 3a virus shown by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B gene to be closely related to that from the single implicated donor. Conclusions: Anti‐D manufactured in 1991–1994 transmitted infection of HCV genotype 3a. The prevalence of HCV‐specific antibody in anti‐D recipients was relatively low (0.59%), consistent with the low leve! of virus RNA in these anti‐D batches.
Detection of Hepatitis C Core Antigen in the Antibody Negative ‘Window’ Phase of Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Peterson J. , Green G. , Iida K. , Caldwell B. , Kerrison P. , Bernich S. , Aoyagi K. , Lee S.R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Despite improvements in assays for anti–HCV, there remains a significant delay before the appearance of antibodies following infection, during which, circulating viral RNA is present. We have evaluated a prototype assay for the serological detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen with specimens derived from the early phase of HCV infection. Materials and Methods: Serial specimens from 24 individuals undergoing HCV seroconversion were tested for the presence of anti–HCV, HCV RNA and HCV core antigen. Results: HCV antigen was detected at the same time as HCV RNA in 83% (20/24) cases. The mean time to the first detection of HCV antigen was approximately 1 day later than HCV RNA. Overall, 87% of HCV–RNA–positive specimens contained detectable HCV core antigen. Conclusion: These results indicate that HCV core antigen can be identified by routine serological ELISA in specimens from the early antibody–negative phase of HCV infection. A test for HCV core antigen may be a useful test for identifying window phase blood donations from antibody negative donors infected with HCV.
Cataracts in the Bichon Frise
Authors: Gelatt Kirk N. , Wallace Margaret R. , Andrew Stacy E. , MacKay Edward O. , Samuelson Don A. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractPurposeTo determine the clinical characteristics of possible inherited cataract in the Bichon Frise breed. These characteristics include the relative frequency, gender effects, site of first cataract formation, age of onset, relationship of age to cataract maturity, and other concurrent pre‐ and postoperative ophthalmic diseases.MethodsFour different populations of Bichon Frise were examined. They included: (1) referred patients of the University of Florida (VMTH; 1990–2000); (2) patients from other universities and large institutions (VMDB; 1970–2000); (3) patients from the Canine Eye Registry Foundation (CERF; 1970–2000); and (4) special patients recruited from eye clinics and ACVO specialty practices (1995–2001). Blood samples were obtained from many patients for future DNA analyzes. Statistical comparisons between groups were by general linear andanovaanalyzes, andP< 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe four populations of cataractous and total Bichon Frise dogs included: (1) UF‐VMTH: 57 cataractous dogs; (2) VMDB: 406 dogs (28%) with cataracts; total dogs − 1407; (3) CERF: 505 cataractous dogs (6%); total dogs − 8222; and (4) ACVO: 223 cataractous dogs (57%); total dogs − 391. In each population group, gender did not affect cataract distribution. Dogs between 2 and 8 years of age were most frequently affected, and initial cataract involvement affected equally the anterior and posterior cortices. Immature cataracts occurred more often in younger dogs, and hypermature cataracts were more frequently diagnosed in older dogs. Dogs with early cataracts were encountered more frequently in the CERF population. Pre‐ and postoperative retinal detachments (RD) were not infrequently diagnosed in the UF‐VMTH and VMDB groups. RD in the UF‐VMTH and VMDB groups occurred in 33% and 13% of the patients, respectively.ConclusionsCataracts were first encountered in CERF and VMDB data between 1975 and 1979 and have increased since this time. As expected, both similarities and differences between the four different populations of Bichon Frise were encountered. Both sexes of dogs are equally affected. The anterior and posterior cortical areas of the lens were first involved and dogs 2–8 years of age are most frequently affected. Cataracts affected younger dogs in the CERF group and older cataractous dogs in the other populations. Cataract formation appears to be inherited in the Bichon Frise dog. The frequency of pre‐ and postoperative retinal detachments present higher risks for cataract surgery in this breed.
THE CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: Calcium Phosphate Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Block Geoffrey , Port Friedrich K 
Published: December 2004

ABSTRACTTraditional risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) do not adequately explain the considerable increase in cardiovascular mortality observed among patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD): these patients experience mortality rates 10–100 times those without ESRD. Disorders of mineral metabolism, including abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D, represent cardiovascular risk factors unique to the ESRD population. These disturbances manifest clinically through the promotion of extraskeletal calcification and disorders of bone remodeling, two processes which appear to share a common pathogenesis. This article presents evidence describing the impact of calcification‐induced arterial stiffness on cardiovascular outcomes of patients with ESRD, along with data relating altered mineral metabolism to all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. Specific management recommendations include 1) early intervention to prevent the development of overt secondary hyperparathyroidism, 2) a more judicious strategy for vitamin D therapy, and 3) a thoughtful approach to the use of calcium‐containing phosphate binders, taking into account the underlying bone remodeling disorder and the presence or absence of extraskeletal calcium accumulation.
A novel C‐terminal sequence from barley polyamine oxidase is a vacuolar sorting signal
Authors: Cervelli Manuela , Caro Oriana Di , Penta Alessandra Di , Angelini Riccardo , Federico Rodolfo , Vitale Alessandro , Mariottini Paolo 
Published: December 2004

SummaryBarley contains two different isoforms of flavin‐containing polyamine oxidase (BPAO1 and BPAO2). We have previously demonstrated that BPAO2 is a symplastic protein in barley leaves. On the contrary, maize polyamine oxidase (MPAO), the best characterized member of this enzyme class, is apoplastic. Comparison of the derived amino‐acid sequences of BPAO2 and MPAO has revealed that both precursor proteins include a cleavable N‐terminal signal peptide of 25 amino acid residues, but the barley enzyme shows an extra C‐terminal extension of eight amino acids. By means of MPAO engineering with BPAO2 C‐terminal tail (MPAO‐T) and exploiting transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts, we demonstrate that this oligopeptide is a signal for protein sorting to the plant vacuole. The vacuolar sorting of MPAO‐T was saturable. Specific mutations of the C‐terminal tail were constructed to determine which amino acid residues of this novel propeptide affect proper protein sorting. No consensus sequence or common structural determinant is required for the intracellular retention of the MPAO‐T protein, but a gradual lowering of the efficiency was observed as a result of progressive deletion of the C‐terminus.
Normal cerebrospinal fluid protein, increased intracranial pressure, and the guillain‐barré syndrome
Authors: Sullivan Richard L. , Reeves Alexander G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA patient who had the Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) with associated increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilledema is described. The cerebrospinal fluid protein level and electrophoretic pattern were normal. This indicates that abnormal or excessive CSF protein is not the cause of the ICP and papilledema associated with GBS.
An immunological and cytogenetic investigation of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Roos Raymond P. , Kirkpatrick Charles , Gadoth Natan , Berman Wulfred , Rary Jack 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPatients with tuberous sclerosis were studied to investigate the pathophysiological basis for hamartoma and neoplasia development in this disease. Chromosome banding, aberration following G‐2 x‐ray exposure, and the frequency of sister chromatid exchange were normal. Mean IgM levels were significantly elevated above those of random institutionalized control patients but not above cottage‐mate controls. Although 4 out of 10 patients did not respond to any of the skin test antigens used, tuberous sclerosis patients and controls had similar responses to in vitro lymphocyte transformation. This study failed to reveal any cytogenetic abnormalities or conclusive evidence of immune deficiency in tuberous sclerosis.