bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐free synthesis of hydrophobic and amphiphilic esters using a chemically modified lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus: a comparative study with native and immobilized forms
Authors: Roque Catarina S. , de Castro Mariana , Castro Tarsila G. , Silva Carla , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur , Noro Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing lipases to catalyze the synthesis of the most differentiated type of compounds remains one of the major challenges among scientists. Seeking more economic and advantageous catalysts is a current goal of green chemistry. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a chemically modified form of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (cmLTL) for the synthesis of both hydrophobic (heptyl heptanoate, heptyl octanoate, heptyl decanoate, decyl heptanoate, decyl octanoate and decyl decanoate) and amphiphilic (2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethyl oleate and 2‐(2‐ethoxyethoxy)ethyl linoleate) esters, in bulk. The results were compared with its native (LTL) and immobilized (imLTL) forms. The data revealed that LTL showed poor activity for all reactions performed with n‐heptane (η<20 %). ImLTL was able to synthesize all hydrophobic esters (η>60 %), with exception of the short ester, heptyl heptanoate. cmLTL was the only form of LTL capable of producing hydrophobic and amphiphilic esters, without compromising the yield when the reactions were performed under solvent‐free conditions (>50 %). Molecular modeling showed that the active pocket of cmLTL is able to deeply internalize transcutol, with stronger interactions, justifying the outstanding results obtained. Furthermore, owing to the possibility of cmLTL filtration, the reusability of the catalyst is ensured for at least 6 cycles, without compromising the reaction yields.
Aggressive progressive pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis developed long after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Imataki Osamu , Uemura Makiko 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe typical pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by late‐onset progressive pulmonary complication within 5 years. PPFE shows a poor prognosis without definitive standard care other than lung transplantation. Our case indicated an over 20 years late‐onset and aggressively exacerbating PPFE.
New polypyridine Ru(II) dinuclear complex capable of catalyzing the water oxidation reaction
Authors: Peyrot Analia Mercedes , Zelaya María Priscila , Fagalde Florencia 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn natural and artificial photosynthesis, the water oxidation reaction is the bottleneck for the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In this work, we report the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of two new dinuclear Ru(II) complexes, with molecular formula [{Ru(tpy)Cl}2(μ‐dpp)](PF6)2 (1) and [{Ru(tpy)(H2O)}2(μ‐dpp)](PF6)4 (2) (with tpy=2,2’ : 6’,2”‐terpyridine and dpp=2,3‐bis(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine). Chloro‐complex (1) was used as a precursor for the aquo‐complex (2) which can act as an active water oxidation reaction catalyst using Ce(IV) in CF3COOH 0.1 M as sacrificial oxidant. The mechanism and rate constants were explored by combining conventional mixing and stopped‐flow experiments with spectrophotometric monitoring in the UV‐visible region. DFT and TD‐DFT calculations were done to support the assignments of the experimental data. From the kinetic and theoretical data obtained, we propose‐ that (2) catalyses water oxidation via a nucleophillic water attack mechanism (WNA). Besides, catalytic activity for (2) was evaluated from reported values of turnover frequency (TOF) and turnover number (TON) values at pH=1.
In Vitro Proliferation of Lymphocytes from Celiac Children and Their First‐Degree Relatives in Response to Wheat Gliadin‐Derived Peptides
Authors: Auricchio Salvatore , Buffolano Wilma , Ciccimarra Filippo , De Vincenzi Massimo , Silano Vittorio , Zapponi Giovanni 
Published: January 2024

SummaryEvidence is accumulating which indicates that immune reactions to gliadins are involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease, as humoral‐ and cell‐mediated immune responses to gliadins have been demonstrated in the jejunal mucosa and the peripheral blood of patients. An abnormal specific immunological response to gliadins is demonstrated not only in celiac children but also in their first‐degree relatives. Seventy‐eight percent of celiac patients, and 67, 87, and 100% of their fathers, siblings, and mothers, respectively, have a peripheral blood lymphocyte population reacting in vitro with a proliferation response to at least one of four peptide mixtures obtained from bread and durum wheat gliadins using a procedure simulating in vivo protein digestion. The specificity of this immunological hyperresponsiveness against wheat gliadins is shown by two sets of data: (a) Lymphocytes from celiac children and their relatives were much less sensitive to peptides from rice prolamin and not at all sensitive to peptides from wheat albumins. (b) Only 7% of 30 adult controls had a proliferative response of their peripheral lymphocytes to wheat gliadin peptides. It is not known at this time if healthy relatives of celiac patients mount an immune response against the intestine in vivo. However, it is possible that the presence of lymphocytes reactive to wheat gliadin peptides in apparently healthy relatives of celiac patients may explain why these relatives develop histologic evidence of celiac disease when their gluten intake is increased (Doherty M. Barry RF. Lancet 1981:1:517–20).
Effects of Hydrocortisone and Cholecystokinin‐Octapeptide on Neonatal Rat Pancreas
Authors: Werlin Steven L. , Stefaniak John 
Published: January 2024

SummaryHydrocortisone and cholecystokinin‐octapeptide (CCK‐8) were injected into newborn rats on day 1–5 of life. Both agents induced significant increases in pancreatic weight, protein, DNA, and specific activities of amylase, chymotrypsinogen, and lipase. The ability of the pancreas to secrete amylase in response to carbachol was decreased by the administration of hydrocorticosterone at age 7 days. CCK‐8 increased basal secretion at 7 days. We conclude that growth and secretory capacity of the newborn rat pancreas are under the control of both glucocorticoids and cholecystokinin.
Macromolecular Absorption by Histologically Normal and Abnormal Small Intestinal Mucosa in Childhood
Authors: Jackson D. , Walker‐Smith J. A. , Phillips A. D. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryKnowledge of the mechanism of macromolecular absorption in the small intestine is based largely on animal studies. We have attempted to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the amount and the mechanism of uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a model macromolecule, in human small intestine, employing biopsy material from children undergoing gastrointestinal investigations. The biopsy material was incubated in culture medium containing HRP, and a comparison was made between histologically normal and histologically abnormal biopsies. In the normal specimens HRP was detected in pinocytotic vesicles along the villious epithelium. It was also seen in multivesicular bodies and in the interepithelial cell spaces at the base and tip of the villus. These latter areas corresponded to regions where damaged and extruding enterocytes, diffusely penetrated by HRP, were seen. This demonstrates that intact macromolecules can be taken up by normal small intestine in vitro in childhood and indicates two possible routes of antigen entry: (a) by active absorption through intact enterocytes and (b) through damaged or extruding cells. In the abnormal specimens the distribution of HRP was more varied. Most specimens showed an increased presence of HRP in the interepithelial cell spaces and an increased number of enterocytes diffusely penetrated by HRP, but a decrease in pinocytosis in the most severely abnormal enterocytes. An increase in HRP was also observed in the basement membrane and, in one instance, within capillaries of the lamina propria. It was concluded that when an enteropathy is present, an increase in mucosal permeability to macromolecules may result. This is most likely due to an increase in the passive diffusion of macromolecules into the mucosa.
Incidence of Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Rosenstein Beryl J. , Langbaum Terry S. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA variety of intestinal complications, including constipation, abdominal pain, palpable cecal masses, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, and volvulus, have been observed beyond the neonatal period in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In a retrospective chart review of 63 patients with CF, we found evidence of one or more of these complications in 26 patients (41.3%). The incidence of intestinal complications was not related to over‐all disease severity, pulmonary exacerbations, history of meconium ileus at birth, or dose or type of pancreatic enzyme replacement. There was no change in the incidence of intestinal complications after patients switched to a pH‐sensitive enteric‐coated microsphere enzyme preparation.
Biofeedback for Neurogenic Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Wald Arnold 
Published: January 2024

SummaryFifteen subjects (ages 5–33 years) with meningomyelocele and fecal incontinence underwent anorectal manometry followed by biofeedback conditioning of the external anal sphincter or nearby gluteal muscles. Seven of the 15 subjects undergoing biofeedback had improvement, defined as a 75% or greater decrease in the frequency of soiling, with a mean follow‐up period of 23.1 months (range, 8–30 months). The seven subjects who improved with biofeedback had significantly lower thresholds of rectal sensation (smallest volume of distension perceived) than did the eight nonresponders: all responders had a sensory threshold ≤ 20 ml, whereas five of eight nonresponders had thresholds exceeding this level. Twenty‐one children (ages 4–17 years) also underwent anorectal manometry, but not biofeedback conditioning, in order to evaluate the relationship of rectal sensation and peripheral neurological deficits. Fifteen of the 36 subjects with meningomyelocele had absent rectal sensation or thresholds exceeding 20 ml; there was no correlation of anorectal manometric parameters and peripheral sensorimotor levels. Response to biofeedback by children with meningomyelocele strongly correlates with rectal sensory thresholds which do not correlate with peripheral sensorimotor levels. If children with meningomyelocele and fecal incontinence are motivated and have adequate strength and coordination of the muscles of the lower extremities, anorectal manometry is the most accurate test to identify those who may benefit from biofeedback conditioning.
Intestinal Malignant Lymphoma in a Child with Familial Celiac Disease
Authors: Arnaud‐Battandier F. , Schmitz J. , Ricour C. , Rey J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryA case of intestinal malignant lymphoma occurring in a 10‐year‐old North African girl with celiac disease is reported. Celiac disease was diagnosed at age 4. A gluten‐free diet was started and was maintained for the next 6 years. Seven months after the patient returned to a normal diet, clinical symptoms and subtotal villous atrophy relapsed. Within the next month an abdominal malignant lymphoma was diagnosed. After chemotherapy the tumor disappeared but recurred 6 months later, involving the colon and the liver. Death occurred shortly thereafter. A brother, two years older, also with proven celiac disease, is presently on a strict gluten‐free diet. Both children shared the same histocompatibility antigens (HLA A2‐B17/A29‐B12, identity at the D locus). Whether or not relapse of celiac disease played a role in the appearance of the tumor remains highly speculative: however, the case of our patient suggests that familial involvement and, in some instances, ethnic origin may constitute risk factors predisposing to malignancy.
Hepatic Sinusoidal Dilation in the Course of Histiocytosis X
Authors: Fiorillo A. , Migliorati R. , Vajro P. , Pellegrini F. , Caldore M. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryWe present a case of disseminated histiocytosis X with hepatic involvement characterized by sinusoidal dilation. This histological feature regressed in connection with the clinical remission of the disease. The present report suggests that sinusoidal dilation might represent a feature of hepatic involvement in the course of histiocytosis X.
Evaluation of Different 15N‐Tracer Substances for Calculation of Whole Body Protein Parameters in Infants
Authors: Heine W. , Richter I. , Plath C. , Wutzke K. , Oswald F. , Oswald Susanne , Towe J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe validity of using different 15N‐tracer substances to measure whole body protein parameters, i.e., protein synthesis, protein breakdown, net protein gain, protein turnover, metabolic pool, and reutilization, was assessed by comparing the results obtained with: [15N]glycine, a mixture of 10 15N‐labeled amino acids, and a 15N‐labeled chicken egg protein in two infants, 9 and 12 weeks old, who were fed human milk. The tracer substances were fed orally as a single dose corresponding to a 15N‐excess quantity of 0.2 mmol‐kg‐1 body weight. 15N Excretion in the urine was measured cumulatively by emission spectrometry, and the data on the protein metabolism were calculated by means of a three‐pool model. All three tests yielded consistent net protein gains. The protein synthesis, protein breakdown, protein turnover, and nitrogen reutilization values produced by the [15N]glycine tracer study were higher than those produced by application of the 15N‐amino acid mixture and the 15N‐labeled egg protein. However, in our opinion, this discrepancy does not justify the replacement of [15N]glycine by expensive 15N‐amino acid mixtures as tracer substances.
15N‐Tracer Investigations into the Nitrogen Metabolism of Preterm Infants Fed Mother's Milk and a Formula Diet
Authors: Heine W. , Plath C. , Richter I. , Wutzke K. , Towe J. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryProtein synthesis, protein breakdown, protein‐N turnover, and other parameters describing the nitrogen metabolism were measured in five male preterm infants. The weight of the subjects at birth was 2,064 ± 107 g and the measurements were performed at age 16.0 ± 4.5 days in the case of the mother's milk diet and 27.4 ± 6.8 days in the case of the formula diet containing 1.8% protein. The parameters were measured by means of the 15N‐tracer technique using [15N]glycine (95 atom %) applied in a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg as a tracer. The three‐pool model proposed by Winkler and Faust was used to calculate the whole body protein parameters. No difference in net protein gain, protein synthesis, protein breakdown, or the other protein metabolism parameters were recorded despite the different protein inputs. Renal nitrogen excretion and the rate of endogenous urea N excretion were significantly higher for the formula diet than for the mother's milk diet. The protein synthesis rate of 7.9 g μ kg‐1 day‐1 was, as has previously been observed, higher than in other age groups. The protein metabolism of the preterm infant older than 33 weeks of gestational age does not benefit from a formula diet based on cow's milk that is richer in protein than mother's milk.
Folate Supplementation During Lactation
Authors: Smith Anne M. , Picciano Mary Frances , Deering Ronald H. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThe influence of maternal folate status and human milk folate content on infant folate status was studied in 11 lactating women taking folate supplements throughout pregnancy and lactation. Nursing mothers not taking folate supplements, as well as nonpregnant, non‐lactating women, were also studied. Maternal and infant serum and red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations, as well as the “free” and total folate contents of human milk samples, were determined at 6 and 12 weeks post partum. Mothers taking folate supplements maintained blood folate concentrations higher than those of unsupplemented mothers and similar to or higher than those of normal adults. Infants of both supplemented and unsupplemented mothers maintained similar blood folate levels. Positive correlations were found between maternal RBC folate concentrations and infant RBC folate concentrations at 6 weeks (r = 0.62) and 3 months (r = 0.74), but no relationship was found between maternal folate status and human milk folate activity. Human milk folate levels increased with the progression of lactation, were higher in the evening than earlier in the day, and were higher at the end of a feeding than at the beginning. These results indicate that human milk folate levels are maintained at the expense of maternal reserves and that folate supplementation during lactation may be of value for preservation of maternal reserves.
Caroli's Disease in Childhood
Authors: Fagundes‐Neto Ulysses , Schettini Sergio Thomas , Wehba Jamal , Pinus Jose , da Silva Patricio Francy Reis 
Published: January 2024

SummaryCaroli's disease is a rare congenital disorder characterized by segmentary saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, which manifests itself clinically by cholangitis and bile stones. We report two cases of Caroli's disease in schoolgirls with clinical signs of recurrent abdominal pain associated with intermittent crises of cho‐lestatic jaundice. Diagnosis was made by retrograde cholangiography in one patient and by intravenous cholangiography in the other.
Enteric Colonization in Sporadic Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Blakey Joan L. , Lubitz Lionel , Campbell Neil T. , Gillam Geoffrey L. , Bishop Ruth F. , Barnes Graeme L. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryMicroflora of the gut was studied close to the onset of sporadic necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates. Enteric flora in 25 babies with NEC differed from that in 23 matched controls. Bacteroides spp and lactobacilli were less common in babies with NEC compared with controls: 32 versus 61% (p = 0.03) and 12 versus 48% (p = 0.006), respectively. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from 40% of babies with NEC compared with 13% of controls (p = 0.03). It was present in 33% of babies with NEC aged less than 14 days but was not detected in control babies of the same age. The incidences of C. butyr icum and C. difficile were similar in patients and controls. Colonization with C. perfringens in the absence of a protective barrier flora may be crucial in the pathogenesis of severe sudden onset NEC. Two potentially valuable marker factors to predict onset of this form of sporadic NEC are the use of fecal smears and estimation of fecal tryptic activity.
Zinc, Copper, Manganese, and Selenium Metabolism in Patients with Human Growth Hormone Deficiency or Acromegaly
Authors: Aihara Katsuaki , Nishi Yoshikazu , Hatano Shuichi , Kihara Mikio , Ohta Masahiro , Sakoda Katsuaki , Uozumi Tohru , Usui Tomofusa 
Published: January 2024

SummaryThis study was designed to evaluate trace metal metabolism in patients with known abnormalities of human growth hormone (hGH). The mean concentration of zinc in plasma and urine decreased in patients with hGH deficiency after hGH injection, whereas, after adenomectomy, in patients with acromegaly, zinc increased in plasma, remained the same in erythrocytes, and decreased in urine. There was a negative correlation between plasma zinc and serum hGH levels and a positive correlation between urinary zinc excretion and serum hGH levels in acromegaly. In hGH deficiency, the copper content remained unchanged in plasma and erythrocytes and rose in urine after treatment; however, in acromegaly, the copper content increased in plasma and remained unchanged in erythrocytes and urine after surgery. The mean concentration of erythrocyte manganese did not change significantly after treatment in patients with hGH deficiency or acromegaly, but the pre hGH treatment level of erythrocyte manganese in hGH deficiency was lower than in the controls. Plasma selenium concentrations were decreased in hGH deficiency and increased in acromegaly patients after therapy. These results suggest that hGH affects the metabolism of zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium. hGH treatment level of erythrocyte manganese in hGH deficiency was lower than in the controls. Plasma selenium concentrations were decreased in hGH deficiency and increased in acromegaly patients after therapy. These results suggest that hGH affects the metabolism of zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium.
Consequences of Complete Bile
Authors: Van Thiel D. H. , Gavaler J. S. , Zajko A. B. , Cobb C. F. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryPrepubertal male rats underwent bile duct ligation or a sham operation. Sham operated animals were divided into two groups: isocalorically fed (matched to the bile duct ligated animals) and adlibitum fed animals. At 60 days of age (after puberty in a male rat) all animals were killed. Bile duct ligated animals had larger livers, greater bilirubin, greater bile acid, greater aspartate transaminase, and greater alkaline phosphatase levels and lower testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels in their serum than did the controls. Moreover, the testes and seminal vesicles were smaller in the bile duct ligated animals than in the controls. These data suggest that chronic cholestasis contributes, at least in part, to the pubertal and maturational failure that occurs with the chronic cholestatic diseases of childhood.
Ethanol and Fetal Nutrition Effect of Chronic Ethanol exposure on rat Placental Growth and Membrane Associated folic Acid Receptor Binding Activity
Authors: Fisher Stanely E. , Inselman Laura S. , Duffy Lynn , Atkinson Mark , Spencer Hyacinth , Chang Benedict 
Published: January 2024

SummaryRat placental composition and specific folate receptor activity were measured at 20 days gestation in dams exposed to chronic high doses of ethanol (6%, vol/vol) throughout gestation and in isocalorically pair fed controls. Ethanol exposed fetuses were smaller (ethanol = 3.28 ± 0.08 vs. control = 4.01 ± 0.10 g, p < 0.001), but their placentae were larger (experimental = 0.534 ± 0.02 vs. control = 0.399 ± 0.01 g, p < 0.001). The increased weight appears to be secondary to hyperplasia as total DNA was increased while the wet/dry, RNA/DNA, and protein/ DNA ratios were not different. Despite larger placentae, specific folate receptor activity was significantly reduced in the ethanol exposed tissue, whether expressed relative to membrane protein, placental weight, or total placental binding. These results confirm that ethanol exposure is placen totoxic and suggest an additional mechanism by which ethanol may lead to intrauterine growth retardation; namely, decreased folate receptor activity.