bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desinformación por razón de sexo y redes socialesGendered disinformation and social networks
Authors: Queralt Jiménez Argelia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The subject of this article is gender-based disinformation on social networks. This type of disinformation is identified with those contents that circulate on networks with the aim of attacking women for being women and expelling them from public debate. This type of behavior undermines women’s credibility in the public eye and can lead to their abandonment of the public sphere. Gendered disinformation particularly targets women who have an impact on the public conversation, politicians, journalists, activists or women with a voice of their own in the media and networks. This phenomenon is a major problem for our democracies because, firstly, it is a blatant demonstration of the discrimination suffered by women in general. And, secondly, because it means restricting the legitimate exercise of these women’s freedom of communication, in a broad sense, and participation in political life, which in turn leads to the distortion of pluralism and participation in decision-making processes.
Does an Annulled Award Constitute Legal Authority in Investment Arbitration?
Authors: van den Berg Albert Jan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Arbitration lawyers have been discussing enforcement of annulled awards for some 25 years. Recently, another discussion regarding annulled awards is gaining traction: can an investment arbitrator rely on an annulled award? More specifically, does it constitute legal authority? The author submits that, in investment arbitration, an arbitral award, annulled by a national court in the UNCITRAL Rules context or by an ad hoc committee in the ICSID context, does not constitute legal authority, nor can it give guidance on the content of the applicable law in another manner.
Does concomitant tricuspid valve intervention at the time of left ventricular assist device placement for patients with significant tricuspid regurgitation lead to improved outcomes compared to isolated left ventricular assist device placement?
Authors: Mitra Ananya , Castleberry Anthony , Urban Marian , Siddique Aleem 
Published: January 2024

Summary
A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was ‘In patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and moderate to severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement is concomitant tricuspid valve intervention (TVI) superior for the clinical outcomes of survival, right ventricular failure, rehospitalizations for HF, functional status, and quality of life?’ Altogether, 56 papers were found using the reported search, of which 12 papers represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date, country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Our search found no significant clinical benefit for concomitant TVI at the time of LVAD placement. We conclude that patient with moderate-to-severe TR should not routinely undergo concomitant TVI with LVAD placement.
“If You Destroy Our Children, I Will Kill You”: Biopolitical Childhood in Southeast Asia’s War on Drugs
Authors: Raffle Euan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article explores how the war on drugs in Southeast Asia upholds the protection of the young as a key justification for extrajudicial killings carried out by the state. As many as 30,000 extrajudicial killings took place during Philippine former President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs between 2016 and 2022, echoing a similar anti-drug campaign in Thailand in 2003, which saw around 3,000 people murdered. Drawing on political speeches, this article argues that Duterte and Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra deployed biopolitical patterns of discourse to legitimize the murder of those associated with the drug trade. Both leaders framed the threat of drugs to children through the biopolitical lens of the integrity of the family, national health, and therefore the future of the nation. Further, this article demonstrates how in the Philippine drug war, children were effectively denied their childhood status and presented as “dangerous becomings.” This reveals the contingent nature of childhood, as biopolitical criteria were also used to establish which children were perceived to be dangerous in the context of the drug war. In doing so, this paper serves to nuance and problematize how children are depicted in security studies, and international relations more broadly.
World Order Transformation from the Grassroots: Global South Social Movements and the Transcendence of Established Approaches to International Change
Authors: Davies Thomas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn contrast to traditional top-down perspectives, this article aims to shed alternative light on the prospects for change in global order through evaluating how perspectives offered among social movements located in the Global South consider how change can take place beyond established approaches. With reference to perspectives offered among the Global Tapestry of Alternatives, the article elucidates a model of global political change that transcends reformist and revolutionary dynamics, and which bypasses dominant state and intergovernmental institutions. The analysis highlights the ontological divide between these approaches and reformist and revolutionary perspectives, given their pluriversality drawing on concepts that to date have received inadequate attention in the study of international relations. The article further considers how these approaches—given their deep roots in long-established communitarian practices and their pluriversality—may be addressing today's crisis of global order from the bottom-up in ways that may avoid limitations of previous change agendas.
Determining a urinary-specific antibiogram and risk factors of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance among Enterobacterales in primary care
Authors: Valentine-King Marissa , Hansen Michael A , Zoorob Roger , Schlueter Matthew , Matas Jennifer L , Willis Samuel E , Danek Lisa C K , Muldrew Kenneth , Zare Mohammad , Hudson Forrest , Atmar Robert L , Chou Andrew , Trautner Barbara W , Grigoryan Larissa 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk factors for ciprofloxacin or MDR in primary care urine specimens are not well defined.

Objectives
We created a primary care-specific antibiogram for Escherichia coli isolates from cases with complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and evaluated risk factors for ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and MDR among Enterobacterales.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine resistance and risk factors by collecting urine cultures from all patients (≥18 years) presenting with provider-suspected UTI at two primary care, safety-net clinics in Houston, TX, USA between November 2018 and March 2020.

Results
Among 1262 cultures, 308 cultures grew 339 uropathogens. Patients with Enterobacterales (n = 199) were mostly female (93.5%) with a mean age of 48.5 years. E. coli was the predominant uropathogen isolated (n = 187/339; 55%) and had elevated trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (43.6%) and ciprofloxacin (29.5%) resistance, low nitrofurantoin (1.8%) resistance, and no fosfomycin resistance. Among E. coli, 10.6% were ESBL positive and 24.9% had MDR. Birth outside the U.S.A., prior (2 year) trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance, and diabetes mellitus were associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Prior (60 day) fluoroquinolone use, prior ciprofloxacin resistance and both diabetes mellitus and hypertension were strongly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. Prior fluoroquinolone use and a history of resistance to any studied antibiotic were associated with MDR, while pregnancy was protective.

Conclusions
We found elevated resistance to UTI-relevant antimicrobials and novel factors associated with resistance; these data can be incorporated into clinical decision tools to improve organism and drug concordance.
Structured and unstructured social risk factor documentation in the electronic health record underestimates patients’ self-reported risks
Authors: Iott Bradley E , Rivas Samantha , Gottlieb Laura M , Adler-Milstein Julia , Pantell Matthew S 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
National attention has focused on increasing clinicians’ responsiveness to the social determinants of health, for example, food security. A key step toward designing responsive interventions includes ensuring that information about patients’ social circumstances is captured in the electronic health record (EHR). While prior work has assessed levels of EHR “social risk” documentation, the extent to which documentation represents the true prevalence of social risk is unknown. While no gold standard exists to definitively characterize social risks in clinical populations, here we used the best available proxy: social risks reported by patient survey.

Materials and Methods
We compared survey results to respondents’ EHR social risk documentation (clinical free-text notes and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems [ICD-10] codes).

Results
Surveys indicated much higher rates of social risk (8.2%-40.9%) than found in structured (0%-2.0%) or unstructured (0%-0.2%) documentation.

Discussion
Ideally, new care standards that include incentives to screen for social risk will increase the use of documentation tools and clinical teams’ awareness of and interventions related to social adversity, while balancing potential screening and documentation burden on clinicians and patients.

Conclusion
EHR documentation of social risk factors currently underestimates their prevalence.
Approaching virtual osteoid volume estimation and in-depth tissue characterization in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia
Authors: Schmidt Felix N , Delsmann Julian , Yazigi Bashar , Beil Frank Timo , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) poses a significant diagnostic challenge, leading to increased disease duration and patient burden also by missing clinical suspicion. Today, diagnosis of osteomalacia relies on invasive iliac crest biopsy, if needed. Therefore, a noninvasive method would be beneficial for patients with severe osteomalacia, such as TIO, to inform their clinical management and address specific needs, like estimating the regeneration capacity at high osteoid volumes (OVs) or the potential of a hungry bone syndrome after tumor removal. Furthermore, given the lack of comprehensive histological characterization of TIO, there is a need for additional tissue characterization. Therefore, our assessment encompassed iliac crest biopsies that were examined using quantitative electron backscattered microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography, and histology to analyze the biopsy tissue. Our clinical assessment encompassed DXA and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) alongside with biochemical analyses and clinical evaluations. Combining imaging and clinical data, we established a model to predict the OV. We compared 9 TIO patients with 10 osteoporosis (OPO) patients and 10 healthy controls. Histological analyses confirmed a pronounced OV in TIO patients (OPO: 1.20% ± 1.23% vs TIO: 23.55% ± 12.23%, P &lt; .0005), and spectroscopy revealed lower phosphate levels in TIO biopsies. By combining HR-pQCT and laboratory diagnostics, we developed a linear regression model to noninvasively predict the OV revealing significantly higher modeled OV/BVmodel values of 24.46% ± 14.22% for TIO compared to the control group (5.952% ± 3.44%, P ≤ .001). By combining laboratory diagnostics, namely, ALP and Tt.BMDRadius measured by HR-pQCT, we achieved the calculation of the virtual osteoid volume to bone volume ratio (OV/BVmodel) with a significant correlation to histology as well as reliable identification of TIO patients compared to OPO and control. This novel approach is potentially helpful for predicting OV by noninvasive techniques in diagnostic procedures and improving the clinical management of TIO.
A tool for live-cell confocal imaging of temperature-dependent organelle dynamics
Authors: Midorikawa Keiko , Kodama Yutaka 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Intracellular organelles alter their morphology in response to ambient conditions such as temperature to optimize physiological activities in cells. Observing organelle dynamics at various temperatures deepens our understanding of cellular responses to the environment. Confocal laser microscopy is a powerful tool for live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled organelles. However, the large contact area between the specimen and the ambient air on the microscope stage makes it difficult to maintain accurate cellular temperatures. Here, we present a method for precisely controlling cellular temperatures using a custom-made adaptor that can be installed on a commercially available temperature-controlled microscope stage. Using this adaptor, we observed temperature-dependent organelle dynamics in living plant cells; morphological changes in chloroplasts and peroxisomes were temperature dependent. This newly developed adaptor can be easily placed on a temperature-controlled stage to capture intracellular responses to temperature at unprecedentedly high resolution.
Diabetes distress in urban Black youth with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: associations with glycemic control, depression, and health behaviors
Authors: Evans Meredyth , Ellis Deborah A , Vesco Anthony T , Feldman Marissa A , Weissberg-Benchell Jill , Carcone April Idalski , Miller Jennifer , Boucher-Berry Claudia , Buggs-Saxton Colleen , Degnan Bernard , Dekelbab Bassem , Drossos Tina 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their caregivers endorse high diabetes distress (DD). Limited studies have documented the impact of DD on Black youth. The aims of the present study were to (1) describe DD among a sample of Black adolescents with T1D and their caregivers, (2) compare their DD levels with published normative samples, and (3) determine how DD relates to glycemic outcomes, diabetes self-management, parental monitoring of diabetes, and youth depressive symptoms.

Methods
Baseline data from a multicenter clinical trial were used. Participants (N = 155) were recruited from 7 Midwestern pediatric diabetes clinics. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and measures of DD, parental monitoring of diabetes care, youth depression and diabetes management behaviors were obtained. The sample was split into (1) adolescents (ages 13–14; N = 95) and (2) preadolescents (ages 10–12; N = 60). Analyses utilized Cohen’s d effect sizes, Pearson correlations, t-tests, and multiple regression.

Results
DD levels in youth and caregivers were high, with 45%–58% exceeding either clinical cutoff scores or validation study sample means. Higher DD in youth and caregivers was associated with higher HbA1c, lower diabetes self-management, and elevated depressive symptoms, but not with parental monitoring of diabetes management.

Conclusions
Screening for DD in Black youth with T1D and caregivers is recommended, as are culturally informed interventions that can reduce distress levels and lead to improved health outcomes. More research is needed on how systemic inequities contribute to higher DD in Black youth and the strategies/policy changes needed to reduce these inequities.
Growth of condition-related knowledge among youth with spina bifida: associations with neurocognitive functioning and self-management skills
Authors: Clark Olivia E , Smith Zoe R , Hilderbrand Taylor , Holmbeck Grayson N 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to characterize the growth in condition-related knowledge in youth with spina bifida (SB), identify neurocognitive predictors of growth, and examine associations between growth in knowledge and subsequent levels of medical self-management skills.

Methods
Participants were recruited from a larger longitudinal study involving 140 youth with SB and caregivers, who completed questionnaires and interviews every 2 years over 8 years. The current study included the youth report of condition-related knowledge and medical self-management skills. Youth attention and executive functioning were assessed via parent and teacher reports and performance-based assessment. Latent growth curves were conducted in Mplus Version 8 (Múthen, L. K., & Múthen, B. O. [1998]. Mplus User’s Guide. [Eighth]. Muthén & Muthén) to examine change over time in youth-reported condition-related knowledge. Neurocognitive variables were included as predictors of growth in knowledge and regression analyses were used to predict medical self-management skills from growth in condition-related knowledge.

Results
Youth condition-related knowledge increased linearly. Better youth performance on working memory and attention performance-based tasks predicted a higher intercept for condition-related knowledge at T1, but not slope. Teacher and parent reports of inattention and executive dysfunction were not consistent predictors of intercept and growth. Slope of condition-related knowledge was not predictive of subsequent youth self-management skills.

Conclusions
Youth with SB gain condition-related knowledge over time. However, executive dysfunction and inattention may impede gains in condition-related knowledge. Thus, executive functioning supports, attention-related interventions, and psychoeducation may support condition-related knowledge gains and later medical self-management skills, but further research assessing family and cultural factors is needed.
Implementing point-of-care hemoglobin A1C testing in an obstetrics outpatient clinic
Authors: Weli Homayemem , Farnsworth Christopher W 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background
A1C ≥6.0% is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in pregnant diabetic patients. A1C testing is recommended by the American Diabetes Association as a secondary measure of glycemic control in pregnant patients.

Objective
To determine the utility of A1C point-of-care testing (POCT) during pregnancy to facilitate rapid counseling and diabetes care, particularly in relatively low-income transient patient populations.

Methods
We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of patients presenting to an outpatient obstetrics office with routine, in-laboratory A1C testing, before and after the implementation of POCT for A1C (n = 70 and n = 75, respectively). Demographics, results, physician referral to a nutritionist, counseling, and outcomes were retrieved from patient electronic medical records.

Results
In total, 9% and 23% of the in-laboratory and POCT groups, respectively, were referred for nutrition services (P = .02). Of these, 22% of the in-laboratory group and 42% of the POCT group received immediate counseling (P &lt; .01). An inverse correlation was observed between A1C level at study entry and gestational weeks at delivery, with a Pearson r value of −0.39 (−0.58 to −0.16) for the in-laboratory group and −0.38 (−0.57 to −0.14) for the POCT group. No statistically significant difference in pregnancy outcomes was observed.

Conclusion
Implementation of A1C POCT was associated with immediate counseling and management of the health of pregnant patients, but was not associated with improved outcomes, in a low-resource patient population.
Comparative analysis of a novel N-butanol-prepared antigen vs thermo-resistant and sonicated antigens for human leptospirosis detection
Authors: Blanco Roberta Morozetti , Lima Elaine dos Santos , de Haro Gabriela Nogueira , Kamikawa Camila Mika , Blanco Rodrigo Morozetti , Vincentini Adriana Pardini , Romero Eliete Caló 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The diagnosis of human leptospirosis is mainly based on serological assays. Since the extraction by N-butanol has only been studied as an antigen for the diagnosis of cattle leptospirosis, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the N-butanol preparation for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis and compare it with sonicated and thermo-resistant antigens in IgM dot-blot test. Paired serum samples from 147 laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases were tested. The control group consisted of 148 serum samples from healthy individuals and nonleptospirosis cases. N-butanol antigens from serovar Copenhageni (ButC3) and serovar Patoc (ButP3) showed reactivity with antileptospiral antibodies from patients with confirmed leptospirosis. In the acute phase, sensitivities of IgM dot-blot assay with ButC3 and ButP3 antigens were 47.6% and 51.0%, respectively. In the convalescent phase, sensitivities were 95.9% (ButC3) and 93.2% (ButP3), and no significant differences were observed among the IgM dot-blot tests with other antigens. The specificity of the IgM dot-blot test with ButC3 antigen was good (92.6%), but with ButP3 (83.1%), it was significantly lower than with the other tests. The IgM dot-blot test described in this study is simple to perform and presents reliable visual results. Antigens prepared by N-butanol proved to be valuable diagnostic markers of leptospirosis.
Formaldehyde observations of the Perseus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Mahmut Umut , Esimbek Jarken , Baan Willem , Tang Xindi , Zhou Jianjun , Li Dalei , He Yuxin , Tursun Kadirya , Li Jiasheng , Komesh Toktarkhan , Sailanbek Serikbek 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Large-scale observations of the Perseus Molecular Cloud (MC) with Nanshan 26-m telescope are presented using the 6 cm ortho-H2CO (110–111) transition. As a probe of dense gas at low temperatures, the H2CO absorption extends over the main parts of the Perseus MC. A comparison of the H2CO absorption line with the 12CO and 13CO (J = 1–0) emissions shows that the H2CO and CO are similarly distributed over the Perseus but that H2CO correlates better with 13CO. Comparison with the Herschel-derived H2 column density shows that both the 13CO and H2CO column densities vary linearly with the H2 column density. The main parameters of H2CO absorption line data show a log-normal distribution, which suggests that the strong non-thermal line-broadening results from large-scale supersonic turbulence related to the star formation. Formaldehyde absorption serves well as a tracer of star formation activity and also the H2CO-to-13CO and H2CO-to-H2 abundances systematically trace the star formation activity in the six subregions of Perseus MC. The H2CO abundances anticorrelate with the number of prestellar and protostellar cores and the IRIS 12 μm flux in the six subregions and reveal the star formation history in the Perseus MC.