bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserving the left colonic artery in radical sigmoid and rectal cancer surgery is feasible: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Jianxin , Chen Wangsheng , Yang Qingqiang 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of preserving left colonic artery (LCA) in radical sigmoid and rectal cancer surgery.

Methods:
Relevant articles were systematically searched on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the surgical outcomes and oncological outcomes by RevMan 5.4 software.

Results:
Fifteen studies with a total of 5054 patients, including 2432 patients with LCA preservation and 2622 patients without LCA preservation, were included and analyzed in this study. The meta-analysis revealed that preserving LCA in radical surgery of sigmoid and rectal cancer has lower anastomotic leakage incidence (OR = 1.03, 95% confidence interval = 0.83–1.27, P < .0001). There were no significant differences in the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of dissected lymph nodes, postoperative complications as well as the oncological outcomes including systemic recurrence, local recurrence, 5-year overall survival rate, and 5-year disease-free survival rate.

Conclusion subsections:
This pooled analysis showed that preserving the LCA is safe and feasible in radical sigmoid and rectal cancer surgery.
Fire needle acupuncture at Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) in the treatment of moderate and severe refractory perennial allergic rhinitis: A case report
Authors: Ai Jianwei , Guo Suying , Wang Yaqin , Kang Yuezhi , Wang Man , Zhao Jingyi , Huang Shaoting , Wang Junge 
Published: February 2024

Rationale:
In recent decades, the incidence of perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) has been increasing annually. However, some patients could not achieve adequate symptomatic relief with routine pharmacological treatment. Consequently, there exists an urgent clinical imperative for the development of safe and efficacious treatments with sustained therapeutic impact to ameliorate the symptomatic burden and enhance the quality of life.

Patient concerns:
The patient was a 35-year-old woman. She had suffered moderate and severe refractory PAR for decades and failed to sustain symptom mitigation from regular treatment.

Diagnoses:
Perennial allergic rhinitis.

Interventions:
The patient underwent a 4-week course of fire needle acupuncture at Neiyingxiang, administered weekly, during which all allopathic medication was discontinued.

Outcomes:
The total nasal symptoms score, total non nasal symptoms score, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, and the total nasal resistance of the patient were decreased after treatment and achieved symptomatic relief. Follow-up conducted 3 months post-treatment revealed enduring symptom relief, with only sporadic nasal congestion elicited by cold stimulus.

Lessons:
This case proves that, fire needle acupuncture at Neiyingxiang may be beneficial in treating moderate and severe refractory PAR patient and have a lasting effect.
Microbiota encoded fatty-acid metabolism expands tuft cells to protect tissues homeostasis duringClostridioides difficileinfection in the large intestine
Authors: Kellogg Tasia D. , Ceglia Simona , Mortzfeld Benedikt M. , Zeamer Abigail L. , Foley Sage E. , Ward Doyle V. , Bhattarai Shakti K. , McCormick Beth A. , Reboldi Andrea , Bucci Vanni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetabolic byproducts of the intestinal microbiota are crucial in maintaining host immune tone and shaping inter-species ecological dynamics. Among these metabolites, succinate is a driver of tuft cell (TC) differentiation and consequent type 2 immunity-dependent protection against invading parasites in the small intestine. Succinate is also a growth enhancer of the nosocomial pathogenClostridioides difficilein the large intestine. To date, no research has shown the role of succinate in modulating TC dynamics in the large intestine, or the relevance of this immune pathway toC. difficilepathophysiology. Here we reveal the existence of a three-way circuit between commensal microbes,C. difficileand host epithelial cells which centers around succinate. Through selective microbiota depletion experiments we demonstrate higher levels of type 2 cytokines leading to expansion of TCs in the colon. We then demonstrate the causal role of the microbiome in modulating colonic TC abundance and subsequent type 2 cytokine induction using rational supplementation experiments with fecal transplants and microbial consortia of succinate-producing bacteria. We show that administration of a succinate-deficientBacteroides thetaiotaomicronknockout (Δfrd) significantly reduces the enhanced type 2 immunity in mono-colonized mice. Finally, we demonstrate that mice prophylactically administered with the consortium of succinate-producing bacteria show reducedC. difficile-induced morbidity and mortality compared to mice administered with heat-killed bacteria or the vehicle. This effect is reduced in a partial tuft cell knockout mouse,Pou2f3+/-, and nullified in the tuft cell knockout mouse,Pou2f3-/-, confirming that the observed protection occursviathe TC pathway. Succinate is an intermediary metabolite of the production of short-chain fatty acids, and its concentration often increases during dysbiosis. The first barrier to enteric pathogens alike is the intestinal epithelial barrier, and host maintenance and strengthening of barrier integrity is vital to homeostasis. Considering our data, we propose that activation of TC by the microbiota-produced succinate in the colon is a mechanism evolved by the host to counterbalance microbiome-derived cues that facilitate invasion by intestinal pathogens.
Behavioural responses to acute warming precede critical shifts in the cellular and physiological thermal stress responses in fish
Authors: Durhack Travis C. , Thorstensen Matt J. , Mackey Theresa E. , Aminot Mélanie , Lawrence Michael J. , Audet Céline , Enders Eva C. , Jeffries Ken M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFrom a conservation perspective, it is important to identify when sub-lethal temperatures begin to adversely impact an organism. However, it is unclear whether, during acute exposures, these cellular thresholds occur at similar temperatures to other physiological or behavioural changes. To test this, we estimated temperature preference (15.1 ± 1.1 °C) using a shuttle box, thermal optima for aerobic scope (10–15 °C) using respirometry, agitation temperature (22.0 ± 1.4 °C) as the point where a fish exhibits a behavioural avoidance response and theCTmax(28.2 ± 0.4 °C) as the upper thermal limit for 1 yr old Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) acclimated to 10 °C. We then acutely exposed a different subset of fish to these temperatures and sampled tissues when they reached the target temperature or after 60 min of recovery at 10 °C. We used qPCR to estimate mRNA transcript levels of genes associated with heat shock proteins, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inducible transcription factors. A major shift in the transcriptome response occurred near the agitation temperature, which may identify a link between the cellular stress response and the behavioural avoidance response.
LazyAF, a pipeline for accessible medium-scalein silicoprediction of protein-protein interactions
Authors: McLean Thomas C. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence has revolutionized the field of protein structure prediction. However, with more powerful and complex software being developed, it is accessibility and ease of use rather than capability that is quickly becoming a limiting factor to end users. Here, I present a Google Colaboratory-based pipeline, named LazyAF, which integrates the existing ColabFold BATCH to streamline the process of medium-scale protein-protein interaction prediction. I apply LazyAF to predict the interactome of the 76 proteins encoded on a broad-host-range multi-drug resistance plasmid RK2, demonstrating the ease and accessibility the pipeline provides.AvailabilityLazyAF is freely available athttps://github.com/ThomasCMcLean/LazyAF
Patient Safety of Remote Primary Care: A Qualitative Study Assessing Risks and Mitigation and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Lounsbury Olivia , Li Edmond , Lunova Tetiana , Dael Jackie van , O’Brien Niki , Alboksmaty Ahmed , Rangel-Cristales Alay , Darzi Ara , Neves Ana Luisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile virtual care delivery has numerous advantages, it can also introduce safety risks and unintended consequences. Considering that it has become an integral part of today’s healthcare service, uncovering its unintended consequences is imperative to ensure patient safety.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify patient safety risks associated with virtual primary care, as well as strategies to mitigate these risks based on the perspectives of patients and healthcare providers.MethodsThree focus groups were conducted followed by semi-structured interviews with patients, carers and healthcare providers working in primary care. Transcripts were systematically reviewed, and thematic analysis was performed by two independent researchers.ResultsA total of 42 participants took part in the study. Three main areas for patient safety risks associated with virtual primary care were identified, including suboptimal clinical decision-making, negative impact on patients’ access to care, and worsening the workforce crisis. Strategies to mitigate these risks included providing information for patients, training triage personnel, making technical support available, standardising guidelines, setting up systems for feedback, improving continuity of care, communication, and safety netting.ConclusionsPatients and providers now have a heightened awareness of the strengths and pitfalls of virtual care due to their increased familiarity with the use of virtual care technologies. Existing policies need to be updated and new ones devised to minimise risks associated with virtual care and support patient and provider workflows.Public Interest SummaryThe COVID-19 pandemic galvanized an emergent necessity to deliver care virtually in order to reduce disease transmission. However, given the urgency of the crisis, virtual care was being delivered with minimal protective measures for safety.This study examines the lived experiences of both patients and providers around virtual care use in England. Potential risks of virtual care delivery, and strategies to mitigate these risks, are identified from both perspectives. The risks identified vary from the technological learning curve to the challenges associated with modified patient-provider communication. The potential solutions identified range from strategies to improve micro-level patient-provider interactions to larger-scale system changes to improve the continuity of care.Support for patients and providers alike should be allocated to alleviate unnecessary burdens associated with virtual care. Ensuring patient safety necessitates seamless coordination and interoperability between virtual and in-person healthcare to maintain harmony between the two modes of healthcare delivery.
Assessing the genetic contribution of cumulative behavioral factors associated with longitudinal type 2 diabetes risk highlights adiposity and the brain-metabolic axis
Authors: Carvalho Nuno R. G. , He Yixuan , Smadbeck Patrick , Flannick Jason , Mercader Josep M. , Udler Miriam , Manrai Arjun K , Moreno Jordi , Patel Chirag J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile genetic factors, behavior, and environmental exposures form a complex web of interrelated associations in type 2 diabetes (T2D), their interaction is poorly understood. Here, using data from ∼500K participants of the UK Biobank, we identify the genetic determinants of a “polyexposure risk score” (PXS) a new risk factor that consists of an accumulation of 25 associated individual-level behaviors and environmental risk factors that predict longitudinal T2D incidence. PXS-T2D had a non-zero heritability (h2= 0.18) extensive shared genetic architecture with established clinical and biological determinants of T2D, most prominently with body mass index (genetic correlation [rg] = 0.57) and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (rg= 0.51). Genetic loci associated with PXS-T2D were enriched for expression in the brain. Biobank scale data with genetic information illuminates how complex and cumulative exposures and behaviors as a whole impact T2D risk but whose biology have been elusive in genome-wide studies of T2D.
Spatial Effects of Infiltrating T cells on Neighbouring Cancer Cells and Prognosis in Stage III CRC patients
Authors: Azimi Mohammadreza , Cho Sanghee , Bozkurt Emir , McDonough Elizabeth , Kisakol Batuhan , Matveeva Anna , Salvucci Manuela , Dussmann Heiko , McDade Simon , Firat Canan , Urganci Nil , Shia Jinru , Longley Daniel B. , Ginty Fiona , Prehn Jochen H. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers, but prognostic biomarkers identifying patients at risk of recurrence are still lacking. In this study, we aimed to investigate in more detail the spatial relationship between intratumoural T cells, cancer cells, and cancer cell hallmarks, as prognostic biomarkers in stage III colorectal cancer patients. We conducted multiplexed imaging of 56 protein markers at single cell resolution on resected fixed tissue from stage III CRC patients who received adjuvant 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. Images underwent segmentation for tumour, stroma and immune cells, and cancer cell ‘state’ protein marker expression was quantified at a cellular level. We developed a Python package for estimation of spatial proximity, nearest neighbour analysis focusing on cancer cell – T cell interactions at single-cell level. In our discovery cohort (MSK), we processed 462 core samples (total number of cells: 1,669,228) from 221 adjuvant 5FU-treated stage III patients. The validation cohort (HV) consisted of 272 samples (total number of cells: 853,398) from 98 stage III CRC patients. While there were trends for an association between percentage of cytotoxic T cells (across the whole cancer core), it did not reach significance (Discovery cohort: p = 0.07, Validation cohort: p = 0.19). We next utilized our region-based nearest neighbourhood approach to determine the spatial relationships between cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and cancer cell clusters. In the both cohorts, we found that lower distance between cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells and cancer cells was significantly associated with increased disease-free survival. An unsupervised trained model that clustered patients based on the median distance between immune cells and cancer cells, as well as protein expression profiles, successfully classified patients into low-risk and high-risk groups (Discovery cohort: p = 0.01, Validation cohort: p = 0.003).
Global genomic diversity ofPseudomonas aeruginosain bronchiectasis
Authors: Harrington N.E. , Kottara A. , Cagney K. , Shepherd M.J. , Grimsey E.M. , Fu T. , Hull R.C. , Childs D.Z. , Fothergill J.L. , Chalmers J.D. , Brockhurst M.A. , Paterson S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPseudomonas aeruginosais the dominant pathogen causing lung infections in people with both cystic fibrosis (CF) and bronchiectasis, associated with poorer outcomes. Unlike CF, bronchiectasis has been a neglected disease. More extensive genomic studies of larger bronchiectasis patient cohorts and within patient sampling are needed to improve understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underpinningP. aeruginosainfections to guide novel and improved treatments.MethodsWe have performed genome sequencing of 2,854P. aeruginosaisolates from 180 patients attending clinics worldwide to analyse the genomic diversity between and within patient infections.ResultsWe observed high genetic diversity between infections with low incidence of highly transmissible strains. Our genomic data provide evidence for the mutational targets drivingP. aeruginosaevolution in bronchiectasis. Some functions found to gain mutations were comparable to CF, including biofilm and iron acquisition, whilst others highlighted distinct evolutionary paths in bronchiectasis such as pyocin production and resistance, and a novel efflux pump gene (PA1874). We also show a high incidence of antimicrobial resistance-associated mutations and acquired resistance genes, in particular multidrug efflux and fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms.ConclusionsOur findings highlight important differences betweenP. aeruginosainfections in bronchiectasis and CF and provide evidence of the relatively minor role transmissible strains play in bronchiectasis. Our study provides a 10-fold increase in the available genomic data for these infections and is a global resource to improve our knowledge and understanding, to facilitate better patient outcomes.SummaryThe largest genomic study ofPseudomonas aeruginosabronchiectasis isolates to-date, providing an unprecedented global genomic resource. We highlight important differences between bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, including key genes under selection.
Chemokine expression profile of an innate granuloma
Authors: Amason Megan E. , Beatty Cole J. , Harvest Carissa K. , Saban Daniel R. , Miao Edward A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGranulomas are defined by the presence of organized layers of immune cells that include macrophages. Granulomas are often characterized as a way for the immune system to contain an infection and prevent its dissemination. We recently established a mouse infection model whereChromobacterium violaceuminduces the innate immune system to form granulomas in the liver. This response successfully eradicates the bacteria and returns the liver to homeostasis. Here, we sought to characterize the chemokines involved in directing immune cells to form the distinct layers of a granuloma. We use spatial transcriptomics to investigate the spatial and temporal expression of all CC and CXC chemokines and their receptors within this granuloma response. The expression profiles change dynamically over space and time as the granuloma matures and then resolves. To investigate the importance of monocyte-derived macrophages in this immune response, we studied the role of CCR2 duringC. violaceuminfection.Ccr2−/−mice had negligible numbers of macrophages, but large numbers of neutrophils, in theC. violaceum-infected lesions. In addition, lesions had abnormal architecture resulting in loss of bacterial containment. Without CCR2, bacteria disseminated and the mice succumbed to the infection. This indicates that macrophages are critical to form a successful innate granuloma in response toC. violaceum.Impact statementA successful innate granuloma requires CCR2 to organize the macrophage ring, and without CCR2, mice succumb toChromobacterium violaceuminfection.
Post natal Care services utilization and satisfaction of Women in Afar Region, Awash Fentale District, Ethiopia
Authors: Weldeyohannes Getachew , Gladys Thanyani 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBack groundThe percentage of women receiving a postnatal checkup within two days of delivery is higher in urban areas than in rural areas. In Afar region it was 11.6%, which is the lowest among all regional states in EthiopiaAimThe aim of this study is to assess the post natal care services utilizations and satisfactions of Women in Afar Region, Awash Fentale District.METHODA quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design was used for this study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 422 women aged 15 to 49 years through a stratified sampling technique. Data was entered, analyzed and interpreted using SPSS computer program. Binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors that influence maternal health care services utilization.ResultThis study revealed that 43% of the respondents were not satisfied with the care and attention given by the health care providers and approximately 52% of the respondents were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the health facilities. Regardless of the level or degree of income, husbands’ income was statistically significant and earning less income among husbands might lead women to have less PNC services utilization. Another independent variable that showed statistical significance was watching television .Women who never watched television were 58% less likely to use PNC services compared to women who watched television every day (AOR=0.414and p-value=0.008), which is less than p=0.05.Conclusionhusbands’ income and watching television were statistically significant and earning less income among husbands might lead women to have less PNC services utilization. Much emphasis should also be given to care, attention of mothers and the cleanliness of the healthcare facilities in Awash Fentale woreda.
Performance of Immunological Assays for Universal and Differential Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection in Candidates for Blood Donations from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Santos Felipe Araujo , Catão Cláudio Lucas Santos , Martins Júlia Pereira , Pessoa Uzamôr Henrique Soares , Sousa Isabelle Vasconcelos , Melo Jean Silva , Souza Gláucia Lima , Araújo Nilberto Dias , Magalhães-Gama Fábio , Abrahim Cláudia Maria de Moura , Mourão Emmily Myrella Vasconcelos , Peruhype-Magalhães Vanessa , Coelho-dos-Reis Jordana Grazziela Alves , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário , Pontes Gemilson Soares , Araújo Márcio Sobreira Silva , Martins-Filho Olindo Assis , da Costa Allyson Guimarães 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study compares the ability of distinct immunological assays (chemiluminescence immunoassay-CLIA, western blot-WB and flow cytometry-FC-Simplex and Duplex) to detect anti-HTLV antibodies in candidates for blood donations at the Amazonas State Blood Center (Brazil) between January 2018 and December 2022. Overall, 257,942 samples from candidates for blood donations were screened using CLIA, which led to 0.15% seropositivity for HTLV (409 samples). A total of 151 candidates for blood donations were enrolled for retesting with CLIA followed by additional testing using WB and FC-Simplex and Duplex analysis. Our results demonstrated that 62% (93/151), 20% (30/151) and 17% (26/151) of the samples presented positive results with retesting using CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex analysis, respectively. Additional analysis of the CLIA, WB and FC-Simplex results revealed an overall agreement of 56% for CLIA and WB (22 co-negative; 30 co-positive samples), 48% for CLIA and FC-Simplex (21 co-negative; 24 co-positive samples) and 80% for WB and FC-Simplex (51 co-negative; 23 co-positive samples). Considering the WB as the reference standard for the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2, we observed that the CLIA results of ≤3.0 RLU and >10.0 RLU in the retest can be used define a negative or positive result, respectively, and could be used as new specific cut-off values. The overall agreement between WB and FC-Duplex for accomplishing the differential diagnosis was evaluated and demonstrated 100% correspondence for the diagnosis of HTLV-1 (15/15) and HTLV-2 (7/7). Our findings demonstrate that gaps in the diagnosis of infection with HTLV-1/2 could be overcome by the simultaneous use of distinct immunological assays during retesting of candidates for blood donations.