bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in elicited guinea pig peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Berton Giorgio , Bellavite Paolo , Dri Pietro , de Togni Piero , Rossi Filippo 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe enzymatic basis of the respiratory burst induced by phorbol myristate acetate in elicited peritoneal macrophages of the guinea‐pig has been studied. The following evidence suggests that a membrane‐bound oxidase that preferentially uses NADPH as substrate is the main enzyme responsible for activation of the oxidative metabolism: (1) The supernatant of postnuclear fractions of resting macrophages oxidises NADH and NADPH with formation of O. The activity with both substrates is very low and does not change in the supernatant obtained from activated cells. (2) The cell‐free particles of resting macrophages also oxidise both NADH and NADPH with formation of O. The activity of the cell‐free particles from activated macrophages does not change when NADH is the substrate. By contrast, the activity of the cell‐free particles from activated cells is markedly increased when NADPH is the substrate. (3) In cell‐free particles from activated macrophages the Km for NADPH is about one order of magnitude lower than that for NADH and the Vmax with NADPH is double that with NADH. (4) The NADPH oxidase of cell‐free particles is insensitive to azide, cyanide, antimycin A and rotenone and is sensitive to the sulphydryl reagent PCMB. All these drugs have the same effect on the respiratory response of intact macrophages. (5) A direct correlation is found between the degree of activation of the respiratory metabolism of intact macrophages and the extent of activation of the NADPH oxidase. A new approach designed to measure the activity of the oxidase soon after the activation of the enzyme has taken place, shows that the NADPH oxidase can account for the respiratory burst of intact macrophages.
The mesothelium: Its fibrinolytic properties
Authors: Whitaker D. , Papadimitriou J. M. , Walters M. N.‐I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe have investigated the fibrinolytic properties of the mesothelium by developing a test system in which standard tissue samples can be assessed in a comparative and semiquantitative manner. The problem whether plasminogen activators were generated by the mesothelium itself or were transported from a subserosal site was also studied. A standard system was developed by using a uniform gelatin disc to obtain a monolayer imprint of mesothelium and subsequently incorporating several of these samples on a fibrin plate. Pure cultures of mesothelial cells were able to induce fibrinolysis.
Berakdown of articular cartilage by vascular tissue
Authors: Jubb R. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA study has been made with porcine tissues in organ culture of th effect of vascular tissue on articular cartilage. Isolated explants of cartilage were maintained alive for 14 days without breakdown of the matrix. Contact with vascular tissue produced extensive loss of proteoglycan and collagen wth fibroblastic transformaton of te chondrocytes. The breakdown was partly dur to a direct effect on te matrix and partly to activation of catabolic processes in the chondrocytes. Vascular tissue produced exactly the same loss of matrix as synovial tissue.
Skeletal muscle calcergy
Authors: McClure John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe subcutaneous injection of mast cell degranulators in the mouse is followed by calcification of fibres of the Panniculus Carnosus muscle. This reaction is seen in damaged fibres adjacent to a central zone of complete necrosis. Calcification of muscle fibres is also seen after the injection of KMnO4 but this uniformly affects the fibres at the site of reaction. Quantitative studies of the latter model and qualitative studies of the former show that treatments with the diphosphonates EHDP and Cl2MDP do not influence the calcific responses. It is suggested that the inducing chemicals interact with the muscle fibre membrane causing membrane dysfunction and a resultant influx of calcium ions. It has been proposed that this is a pathogenetic mechanism in various myopathies and that prevention of net calcium ion influx might form a basis for treatment. In this context, the results of the present experiments suggest that the diphosphonates would be unlikely to efficacious in this regard.
An immunocytochemical study of α‐lactalbumin in human breast tissue
Authors: Balley A. J. , Sloane J. P. , Trickey B. S. , Ormerod M. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of the milk protein, lactalbumin, has been studied in human breast tissue by the indirect immuno‐peroxidase technique on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. It was found in all lactating breasts examined and in all breasts from subjects who were more than 18 weeks pregnant. It was also seen in a small proportion of non‐pregnant, non‐lactating patients usually confined to small focal secretory lobular lesions known as lactational foci but also occasionally in morphologically normal lobules. Previous pregnancy does not appear to be a pre‐requisite for lactalbumin secretion and our study suggests a possible relationship with usage of hormonal preparations. A wide variety of benign and malignant breast lesions were studied and none was found to contain the protein, except for fibroadenomas from patients who were pregnant or who harboured lactional foci. The absence of lactalbumin from all the 44 breast carcinomas studied suggests that it has no role to play as a marker in the histopathological diagnosis or clinical monitoring of this disease.
The reaction of xenogeneic and monoclonal antisera with Reed‐Sternberg cells
Authors: Stuart A. E. , Jackson Elizabeth , Morris Christine S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractXenogeneic antisera have been prepared against human monocytes, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. The reactivity of these antisera against a variety of normal and neoplastic cells is described. Reed‐Sternberg cells from three cases of Hodgkin's disease failed to react with xenogeneic anti‐T and anti‐monocyte sera, but reacted with an anti‐B serum. A further three cases were examined with monoclonal antibodies. Negative results were obtained with monoclonal anti‐T and positive results were given by monoclonal antibodies directed against DR and HLA antigens.
An immunoperoxidase study of immunological factors in high immune and low resistance granulomas in leprosy
Authors: Ridley Marian J. , Russell Deborah 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe epithelioid cell granuloma in high resistant tuberculoid (TT) leprosy was contrasted with the pure macrophage granuloma of anergic lepromatous leprosy (LL) by evaluating various immunological factors operating in these lesions. The immunoperoxidase technique using antisera to immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, complement C3, C3d and C1q and other products of macrophage secretion, lysozyme, plasminogen, a1 antitrypsin and C‐reactive protein and of la antigens revealed peak levels in tissues of most of these factors in both types of granuloma. The tuberculoid response was linked to low antigenic load and Ia‐like antigen and the lepromatous response was secondary to a high antigenic load in the absence of Ia antigen.Complement and other mediators were found intracellularly in both tuberculoid and lepromatous granulomas, but extracellilarly only in tuberculoid lesions. This may indicate local hypersensitivity in the tuberculoid granuloma. It is suggested that the mediators in LL macrophages remain bound to the lipids of mycobacterial degeneration in the phagocytic vacuole.Secretory cells were differently sited in the two types of granulomas: peripheral in epithelioid cell lesions and central around capillaries over the whole lesion in pure macrophage granulomas of LL. In tuberculoid leprosy many of the central vessels in the granuloma were obliterated.C1q was found in fibroblasts. However, the marked absence of fibrosis in any of the lesions of leprosy, except following severe reactions, casts some doubt on the link which has been postulated between epithelioid cells and fibroblasts as an explanation of fibrosis in granulomas.
The response of isolated rat heart cells to cardiotoxic concentrations of isoprenaline
Authors: Steen E. M. , Noronha‐Dutra A. A. , Woolf N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIsolated beating rat heart myocytes were incubated with the sympathomimetic amine isoprenaline at concentrations which are known to induce myocardial necrosis in vivo. Incubation with isoprenaline did not induce changes in cell morphology nor impair the ability of the cells to take up and retain fluorescein diacetate. These results suggest that myocardial cells are not the main target in isoprenaline‐induced necrosis and that some alternate indirect mechanism must be involved.
Alleviation of diabetic microangiopathy in rats by pancreatic islet cell transplantation
Authors: Lauder I. , Abascal J. , Cartwright R. A. , Farndon J. R. , Johnston I. D. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDiabetes was induced in female WAG rats by an injection of streptozotocin. The resultant diabetic microangiopathy was studied in the kidney and other organs and the effectiveness of pancreatic islet cell transplantation in preventing and reversing the microvascular complications was assessed. It was found that intraportal transplants of more than 1000 islets produced metabolic normality in most animals and successful transplants prevented the development of diabetic microangiopathy. Very early lesions could be completely restored to normal. The findings strongly support the necessity of good metabolic control of human diabetic patients to prevent microangiopathic damage.
Anatomical variation and quantitative histology of the normal and enlarged carotid body
Authors: Smith Paul , Jago Ross , Heath Donald 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe carotid bodies from 150 consecutive cases coming to necropsy were examined to determine the degree of anatomical variation of the organ. Single, double and bilobed variants were found. The origin of the carotid body was variable, the angle of the carotid bifurcation being the most typical, but a minority were encountered on the internal or external carotid arteries, the common carotid artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery. Carotid bodies which were enlarged had no preferred site of origin, but some showed early or pronounced nodularity.Both carotid bodies from 100 of these cases were subjected to detailed qualitative and quantitative histological study. From these measurements we were able to define hyperplasia of the organ as a differential sustentacular cell count in excess of 47 percent., a lobular diameter over 565 μ, and a combined carotid body weight over 30 mg. Carotid body hyperplasia occurred in cases of myocardial hypertrophy secondary to both hypoxaemia and systemic hypertension.
Factors influencing the severity and progress of ethylenimine‐induced papillary necrosis
Authors: Davies D. J. , Tange J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe severity of the renal papillary necrosis produced in rats by ethylenimine is dependent both on dose and urinary concentration within the medulla. When this is reduced by diuresis, the severity of the lesion is effectively reduced. Increasing urinary concentration has a reverse effect, but of less magnitude. When the concentrating power of the renal medulla is impaired by a single dose of ethylenimine, insufficient to cause necrosis of the whole papilla, further doses of ethylenimine do not cause progressive damage to the papilla.
Cytophotometric assessment of phagocytosis and pinocytosis on single resident and exudate murine peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Papadimitriou J. M. , van Bruggen Ivonne 
Published: June 2005

AbstractComputerised scanning cytophotometry was used to evaluate the phagocytic and pinocytic performance of single resident and exudate macrophages. The results indicate that both receptor mediated phagocytosis and fluid phase pinocytosis are more efficiently performed by activated than resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Exudate macrophages phagocytise at approximately twice the rate of resident macrophages while pinocytosis is five times more prominent in exudate than in resident macrophages. The results are consistent with other published investigations and in addition reflect individual cellular variation in macrophage populations.
Small‐scale isolation and characterisation of human peripheral blood monocytes
Authors: Wynne Katherine M. , Moore M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA technique is described for the isolation and characterisation of monocytes from 15 ml of human peripheral blood. After density gradient centrifugation over Ficoll‐Hypaque, monocytes are purified further by substrate adherence under carefully defined conditions. The use of a simple microwell slide system permits the production of multiple small‐scale monolayer populations which can be characterised further in terms of their histochemical reactivity (combined stain for chloroacetate and non‐specific esterases); endocytic capacity (latex particles); Fc (sensitised ox erythrocytes) and C3 (serum‐coated yeast) receptor expression; and precursor maturation potential (7‐day cultures). Evidence of considerable cellular heterogeneity is presented.
Ultrastructural localisation of fibronectin in mouse kidney
Authors: Dixon A. Jane , Burns J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe ultrastructural localisation of fibronectin in mouse kidney was investigated by indirect immunoperoxidase cytochemistry. In glomeruli, fibronectin was found predominantly in matrix between endothelial and mesangial cells. Smaller quantities were demonstrable in peripheral capillary walls both subendothelially and around visceral epithelial cell foot processes. It was present between parietal epithelial cells and Bowman's capsule and at the base of tubular epithelial cells outlining the inner aspect of tubular basement membranes.
Chondro‐osseous changes in cerebro‐oculo‐facial‐skeletal (COFS) syndrome
Authors: Hwang W. S. , Trevenen C. L. , Greenberg C. , Reed M. H. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractRadiological and pathological findings were described in three cases of COFS syndrome. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is possible by the recognition radiologically of the characteristic proximal displacement of second metatarsals and pathologically by the extensive cell necrosis in the iliac crest biopsy. Pathological findings, including the presence of nuclear bodies in chondrocytes and amianthoid fibres surrounding necrotic cartilage cells, are compatible with a primary degenerative/ deformative disorder. The aetiology of this syndrome is unknown.
X‐ray microanalysis of the michaelis‐gutmann bodies of malakoplakia
Authors: Underwood J. C. E. , Durrant T. E. , Coup A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Michaelis‐Gutmann (MG) inclusion bodies of three cases of malakoplakia (prostate, testis, colon) were studied by X‐ray microanalysis to determine their elemental composition. Calcium and phosphorus were consistently found. Iron was detected in a few bodies. No other elements were detected. The electrondense laminations were of similar composition to the core material. Small aggregates of electron‐dense material containing calcium and phosphorus were also occasionally seen in phagolysosomes. These observations are consistent with view that MG bodies arise by a process of phagolysosomal coalescence and mineralisation.
Hyperplasia of the carotid body
Authors: Heath Donald , Smith Paul , Jago Ross 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe histopathology of hyperplasia of the carotid bodies was studied in 6 cases of hypoxaemia and right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pan‐acinar emphysema, and in five cases of systemic hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. The features of the hyperplasia were the same in the two groups. There was proliferation of sustentacular (type II) cells and compression of central cores of chief (type I) cells. It is speculated that the hyperplasia of sustentacular cells is associated in some way with the prevention of retention of sodium ions and water which characterises hypoxic cor pulmonale in “blue bloaters”, systemic hypertension, and ascent to high altitude with the complications of acute mountain sickness, and pulmonary and cerebral oedema.
Morpho‐functional patterns of kidney injury in the experimental leptospirosis of the guinea‐pig (L. icterohaemorrhagiae)
Authors: de Arriaga Ana J. Dávila , Rocha A. S. , Yasuda P. H. , de Brito T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirty‐seven guinea‐pigs experimentally infected with a virulent strain of L. icterohaemorrhagiae, were submitted to a renal function study as evaluated through the maximal urinary concentration (MUC) test, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and afterwards had their kidneys examined by light and electron microscopy. Vascular changes were also studied after the administration of colloidal carbon as a marker.Though the MUC test and BUN determination, two groups of tubulo‐interstitial lesions can be visualised, one in animals without renal insufficiency, manifested chiefly by cell edema with RE dilation and another, in animals with renal insufficiency, characterised not only by marked cell edema and mitochondrial changes, but also by proximal tubule regenerative aspects without overt tubular necrosis. Interstitial edema and focal nephritis was prominent in both groups, a finding which minimises their role in the pathogenesis of renal failure in experimental leptospirosis.Vascular injury, affecting the vessels of the renal micro‐circulation chiefly at the cortico‐medular junction, was observed in both groups. Its severity and extension ran parallel to the intensity of the tubular injury. This suggests a simultaneous action of a noxious agent liberated by the leptospires over both structures, tubular damage being accentuated by the local circulatory changes.
Structure of the glomic arteries
Authors: Jago Ross , Heath Donald , Smith Paul 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe structure of the arteries which supply blood to the carotid bodies was examined in five cases in which the weights of the cardiac ventricles were normal and in which hypoxaemia due to emphysema or systemic hypertension were absent. The right glomic arteries were studied by light microscopy, and the left by electron microscopy. A sixth case, also free from myocardial hypertrophy, was used solely for an examination of the common carotid artery, the carotid sinus and the internal carotid artery by light and electron microscopy. The glomic arteries resembled the carotid sinus in being highly elastic with a rich supply of non‐myelinated nerve fibres and thus had a structure consistent with having a baroreceptor function.
Tissue reactions to implanted dental amalgam, including assessment by energy dispersive X‐ray micro‐analysis
Authors: Eley B. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDental amalgam, either in the form of a solid rod or as a fine powder was implanted subcutaneously into guinea‐pigs and the tissue reactions were examined after varying time periods. The solid rods were enclosed by fibrous capsules within which only extremely limited breakdown occurred. This appears to result from electrolytic corrosion of the γ2 (SnHg) phase of the rod's surface. Powdered amalgam induced granulomata and most of the particles of amalgam were actively digested by macrophages and giant cells. This resulted in the progressive loss of mercury and tin from the lesion and the formation of minute particles containing silver and sulphur which became widely distributed throughout the lesion, being associated with basal lamina, collagen and elastic tissue and giving rise to the formation of a tattoo. In contrast, some particles of amalgam, too large to be interiorised. were encapsulated by collagen and persisted almost unchanged. Intracellular small amalgam particles and aggregates of fine particles, resulting from their degradation, were seen within lymph node macrophages. It is extremely likely that the sequence of events leading to the formation of an amalgam tattoo of the oral mucosa in Man are the same.
Differing patterns of altered glucocorticoid secretion in experimental malignant and benign hypertension. Influences upon the lymphoid system and on arterial connective tissue metabolism
Authors: Chatelain R. E. , Bumpus F. M. , Chernicky C. L. , Ferrario C. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAlterations in plasma glucocorticoid levels and in the evolution of the thymus gland were studied in groups of malignant (MHY) and benign (BHY) hypertensive rats sacrificed at 6, 9, 12 and 24 days after aortic ligation between the renal arteries. Although the degree of blood pressure elevation was similar in MHY and BHY animals, MHYs were characterised by severe weight loss, increased plasma renin activity and elevated blood urea nitrogen. MHY animals sacrificed at day 6 showed markedly increased plasma corticosterone (PC) levels (PC: 604 ± 3·9 μg/dl) accompanied by severe thymus atrophy (123 ± 19 mg). In 6‐day BHY animals elevated plasma corticosterone and thymus atrophy were also present but were not as marked as in MHY (BHY: PC: 38·8 ± 4·6 μg/dl, thymus wt: 244 ± 33 mg). Values from BHYs were, however, significantly different from sham‐operated (Sham‐op) controls (Sham‐op: PC: 22·6 ± 1·4 μg/dl; thymus wt: 631 ± 32 mg). In BHY animals sacrificed at day 9, plasma corticosterone had returned to baseline levels. From this time period onward, in BHY animals normal plasma corticosterone was accompanied by a steady recovery of the thymus gland, generalised lymphoid proliferation, and by the proliferation of collagen and elastin (measured by the in‐vitro incorporation of 14C‐l‐proline into both proteins) in the intima‐media and adventitia of the thoracic aorta. Contrary to the normalisation of plasma corticosterone and thymus recovery observed in BHYs, corticosterone remained chronically elevated in MHYs and thymus atrophy was present throughout the entire evolution oif the disease. In MHYs, the arterial connective tissue proliferation was repressed and the synthesis of collagen and elastin was similar to normotensive controls. A. Statistically significant decrease in collagen concentration was present in both intima‐media and adventitia of MHYs when compared to either BHMs or normotensive controls. Impaired vascular hypertrophy in MHYs coexisted with marked alterations in the lymphoid system. In the thymus severe atrophy, thymocyte depletion and a reverse corticomedullary pattern were observed. When the thymocytes remaining in the organ were challenged with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A they showed an impaired proliferative response. In the blood a significant reduction in circulating lymphocytes and marked neutrophilia were observed. These findings suggest that increased glucocrticoid secretion marks important modifications in cells and tissues involved in the production of necrotising arterial lesions during the evolution of malignant hypertension.
The cellular response to human colonic neoplasms: Macrophage numbers
Authors: Skinner J. M. , Jarvis L. R. , Whitehead R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTumour cells and macrophages are thought to interact and the behaviour of tumours may be modified by macrophage activity. Using an immuno‐histochemical method for the demonstration of lysozyme and a computerised image analysis system, the number of macrophages was assessed in and around tubulovillous adenomas and the different Dukes grades of adenocarcinomas of the colon. No significant differences were demonstrated and it is concluded that the behaviour of these neoplasms is not related to the number of associated macrophages.