bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic labeling of facial zones for digital clinical application: An ensemble of semantic segmentation models
Authors: Tuazon Rafael , Mortezavi Siavash 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe application of artificial intelligence to facial aesthetics has been limited by the inability to discern facial zones of interest, as defined by complex facial musculature and underlying structures. Although semantic segmentation models (SSMs) could potentially overcome this limitation, existing facial SSMs distinguish only three to nine facial zones of interest.MethodsWe developed a new supervised SSM, trained on 669 high‐resolution clinical‐grade facial images; a subset of these images was used in an iterative process between facial aesthetics experts and manual annotators that defined and labeled 33 facial zones of interest.ResultsBecause some zones overlap, some pixels are included in multiple zones, violating the one‐to‐one relationship between a given pixel and a specific class (zone) required for SSMs. The full facial zone model was therefore used to create three sub‐models, each with completely non‐overlapping zones, generating three outputs for each input image that can be treated as standalone models. For each facial zone, the output demonstrating the best Intersection Over Union (IOU) value was selected as the winning prediction.ConclusionsThe new SSM demonstrates mean IOU values superior to manual annotation and landmark analyses, and it is more robust than landmark methods in handling variances in facial shape and structure.
Leveraging the insights of depth: A staged strategy for building qualitative case studies of American state‐level policy
Authors: Basseches Joshua A. , Campbell Michael C. , Schoenfeld Heather 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article identifies and explains the need for qualitative case studies of U.S. state‐level public policy and politics before providing researchers with a practical roadmap for how to proceed.MethodsWe first review relevant research from political science and sociology to establish the need for qualitative policy‐focused state‐level case study research. We then lay out a three‐stage approach for case study research design and data collection.ResultsWe find that qualitative case study research into state‐level politics and policy making is useful for developing original theories that move beyond those developed at the federal level, for distinguishing between states and state policies in ways that are not easily measurable, and for conducting research that attends to variation in the meaning of policy design within different state contexts. We further find that barriers to conducting such research can be reduced by following a three‐stage strategy that we elaborate.ConclusionState‐level policy making yields essential processes and outcomes that social scientists across disciplines want to understand. Relying exclusively on quantitative methods will result in incomplete knowledge acquisition. Qualitative case studies, while time‐consuming, are worthwhile and achievable. Researchers seeking to conduct this research can follow a three‐stage strategy to make the process more manageable.
Pseudorelative clauses, infinitives, and gerunds with Spanish perception verbs: A comparative view
Authors: Casalicchio Jan , Herbeck Peter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we provide a comparative analysis of three constructions that occur with perception verbs like ver (“see”) in Spanish: infinitives, gerunds, and so‐called pseudorelative clauses. We analyze several phenomena regarding the transparency status of the embedded inflected or uninflected clause, such as the availability of long (i.e., matrix) passive, short (i.e., embedded) passive, the occurrence of modal verbs, embedded negation, and left‐peripheral fronting. Our data from acceptability judgment tasks and a Spanish corpus led us to postulate that, albeit their surface similarities, the three examined constructions have different syntactic structures, reflected by their structural integration and the phasal versus nonphasal status of the embedded clause: We argue that gerunds are secondary predicates, while pseudorelatives and infinitives are complements of the perception verb. With respect to the latter two configurations, pseudorelatives are defective CPs (and thus weak phases) that allow (finite) raising‐to‐object, but not raising‐to‐subject. Infinitives, on the other hand, show interspeaker variation with respect to their structural size as voiceP or TP, accounting for variable acceptability judgments.
Iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy during adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mazzeffi Michael , Miller David , Wang Angela , Kothandaraman Venkat , Money Dustin , Clouse Brian , Zaaqoq Akram M. , Teman Nicholas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients are at high risk for allogeneic blood transfusion. Few studies have characterized iatrogenic blood loss from phlebotomy in adult ECMO patients. We hypothesized that iatrogenic phlebotomy would be a significant source of blood loss during ECMO.MethodsAdults who had their entire ECMO run at our medical center between 2020 and 2022 were included. Average daily phlebotomy volume and total phlebotomy volume during ECMO were estimated based on the total number of laboratory tests that were processed. In addition, the crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume during ECMO and RBC transfusion during ECMO was evaluated using linear regression and Loess curve analysis.ResultsA total of 161 patients who underwent 162 ECMO runs were included. Of the 162 ECMO runs, 88 (54.3%) were veno‐arterial and 74 (45.7%) were veno‐venous ECMO. Median duration of ECMO was 5 days [25th, 75th percentile = 2, 11]. Median daily phlebotomy volume was 130 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 94, 170] and median total phlebotomy volume during ECMO was 579 mLs [25th, 75th percentile = 238, 1314]. There was a significant crude and adjusted association between total phlebotomy volume and RBC transfusion during ECMO (beta coefficient = 0.0023 and 0.0024 respectively, both p < .001) based on linear regression analysis.DiscussionPhlebotomy for laboratory testing is a significant source of blood loss during ECMO in adults. Comprehensive patient blood management for adult ECMO patients should include strategies to reduce laboratory testing and/or phlebotomy volume during ECMO.
Process Damping Identification Using Bayesian Learning and Time Domain Simulation
Authors: Cornelius Aaron , Karandikar Jaydeep , Tyler Chris , Schmitz Tony 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Process damping can provide improved machining productivity by increasing the stability limit at low spindle speeds. While the phenomenon is well known, experimental identification of process damping model parameters can limit pre-process parameter selection that leverages the potential increases in material removal rates. This paper proposes a physics-informed Bayesian method that can identify the cutting force and process damping model coefficients from a limited set of test cuts without requiring direct measurements of cutting force or vibration. The method uses time-domain simulation to incorporate process damping and provide a basis for test selection. New strategies for efficient sampling and dimensionality reduction are applied to lower computation time and minimize the effect of model error. The proposed method is demonstrated, and the identified cutting and damping force coefficients are compared to values obtained using machining tests and least-squares fitting.
Prediction of the Waviness Error in Ultra-Precision Fly Cutting Using the Direct Integration Method
Authors: Yuan Jinchun , Li Jiasheng , Wei Wei , Ding Ye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Fly cutting is widely used in manufacturing of large-scale, high-precision optical components. However, the discontinuity of fly cutting machining leads to significant relative vibrations between the tool and the workpiece. The cutting process generates periodic waves along the cutting direction, which will deteriorate the wavefront characteristics of optical components. Based on the machining dynamics, this paper proposes a direct integration method to predict the waviness error of the machined surface. The cutting force model of fly cutting is established. The multi-mode characteristics of the spindle-tool system are measured by the experimental method. Then, the influence of uncertainties on the calculation results is analyzed by the variance-based sensitivity analysis method. Finally, the plane cutting experiment verifies that the direct integration method effectively predicts the waviness error and its variation trend, and the waviness prediction research is important for optimization of the machining parameters.
Draft genome sequence of
Bacillus
sp. strain X and
Salarachaeum
sp. strain III isolated from Lake Karum, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia
Authors: Balcha Ermias Sissay , Olsson-Francis Karen , Stephens Ben , Cavalazzi Barbara , Woldesemayat Adugna Abdi , Gemeda Mesfin Tafesse , Macey Michael C. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of strains of
Bacillus
and
Salarachaeum
that were isolated from hypersaline water samples collected from Lake Karum, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia. The sequences pave the way for more targeted studies into the potential biological activities and secondary metabolite synthesis of these organisms.
Inequities in the Impacts of Hurricanes and Other Extreme Weather Events for Cancer Survivors
Authors: Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Hathaway Cassandra A. , Carroll Judith E. , Small Brent J. , Li Xiaoyin , Hoogland Aasha I. , Castro Eida , Armaiz-Pena Guillermo N. , Oswald Laura B. , Jim Heather S.L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Gonzalez Brian D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this minireview, we examine the impacts of hurricanes and other extreme weather events on cancer survivors, focusing on structural and social determinants of health. We briefly explore influences on biological, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and discuss risk and resilience factors in cancer survivorship during and after hurricanes. Our goal is to inform future directions for research that can identify areas in which we can most efficiently improve cancer outcomes and inform changes in health systems, clinical practice, and public health policies. This timely minireview provides researchers and clinicians with an overview of challenges and opportunities for improving disaster preparedness and response for cancer survivors.
Integrative Analyses of Tumor and Peripheral Biomarkers in the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Choueiri Toni K. , Donahue Amber C. , Braun David A. , Rini Brian I. , Powles Thomas , Haanen John B.A.G. , Larkin James , Mu Xinmeng Jasmine , Pu Jie , Teresi Rosemary E. , di Pietro Alessandra , Robbins Paul B. , Motzer Robert J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in patients (N = 886) with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with first-line avelumab + axitinib (A+Ax) versus sunitinib. We report novel findings from integrated analyses of longitudinal blood samples and baseline tumor tissue. PFS was associated with elevated lymphocyte levels in the sunitinib arm and an abundance of innate immune subsets in the A+Ax arm. Treatment with A+Ax led to greater T-cell repertoire modulation and less change in T-cell numbers versus sunitinib. In the A+Ax arm, patients with tumors harboring mutations in ≥2 of 10 previously identified PFS-associated genes (double mutants) had distinct circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunologic profiles versus those with wild-type or single-mutant tumors, suggesting a role for non–T-cell–mediated and non–natural killer cell–mediated mechanisms in double-mutant tumors. We provide evidence for different immunomodulatory mechanisms based on treatment (A+Ax vs. sunitinib) and tumor molecular subtypes.

Significance:
Our findings provide novel insights into the different immunomodulatory mechanisms governing responses in patients treated with avelumab (PD-L1 inhibitor) + axitinib or sunitinib (both VEGF inhibitors), highlighting the contribution of tumor biology to the complexity of the roles and interactions of infiltrating immune cells in response to these treatment regimens.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 384
Intervenciones en el hábitat campesino: una lectura crítica desde la perspectiva de tecnología social decolonial
Authors: Cejas Noelia , Coenda Virgínia Martinez 
Published: February 2024

This article aims to contribute to constructing a theoretical-conceptual framework facing a critical understanding of the peasant habitat. Methodologically, we first retrieved some theoretical developments in the field of decolonial studies and, after that, we conceptualize a social technology that takes the fundamental elements of this theoretical perspective. This conceptualization aims to produce an analytical device that allows a critical reading of State interventions in the field of rural-peasant habitat. Its main virtue is to provoke the denaturalization of three associations: between "poverty" and "eradication", between "rurality" and "backwardness" and between "technology" and "neutrality". Thenceforth, we propose to contribute to the gestation of expressly political technologies that, instead of eradicating, seek to rescue peasant knowledge and, instead of modernizing, seek to strengthen their ways of living.
Reduced Monocyte and Neutrophil Infiltration and Activation by P-Selectin/CD62P Inhibition Enhances Thrombus Resolution in Mice
Authors: Kral-Pointner Julia B. , Haider Patrick , Szabo Petra L. , Salzmann Manuel , Brekalo Mira , Schneider Karl H. , Schrottmaier Waltraud C. , Kaun Christoph , Bleichert Sonja , Kiss Attila , Sickha Romana , Hengstenberg Christian , Huber Kurt , Brostjan Christine , Bergmeister Helga , Assinger Alice , Podesser Bruno K. , Wojta Johann , Hohensinner Philipp 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Venous thromboembolism is a major health problem. After thrombus formation, its resolution is essential to re-establish blood flow, which is crucially mediated by infiltrating neutrophils and monocytes in concert with activated platelets and endothelial cells. Thus, we aimed to modulate leukocyte function during thrombus resolution post-thrombus formation by blocking P-selectin/CD62P-mediated cell interactions.

METHODS:
Thrombosis was induced by inferior vena cava stenosis through ligation in mice. After 1 day, a P-selectin-blocking antibody or isotype control was administered and thrombus composition and resolution were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Localizing neutrophils and macrophages in thrombotic lesions of wild-type mice revealed that these cells enter the thrombus and vessel wall from the caudal end. Neutrophils were predominantly present 1 day and monocytes/macrophages 3 days after vessel ligation. Blocking P-selectin reduced circulating platelet-neutrophil and platelet-Ly6C
high
monocyte aggregates near the thrombus, and diminished neutrophils and Ly6C
high
macrophages in the cranial thrombus part compared with isotype-treated controls. Depletion of neutrophils 1 day after thrombus initiation did not phenocopy P-selectin inhibition but led to larger thrombi compared with untreated controls. In vitro, P-selectin enhanced human leukocyte function as P-selectin-coated beads increased reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils and tissue factor expression of classical monocytes. Accordingly, P-selectin inhibition reduced oxidative burst in the thrombus and tissue factor expression in the adjacent vessel wall. Moreover, blocking P-selectin reduced thrombus density determined by scanning electron microscopy and increased urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels in the thrombus, which accelerated caudal fibrin degradation from day 3 to day 14. This accelerated thrombus resolution as thrombus volume declined more rapidly after blocking P-selectin.

CONCLUSIONS:
Inhibition of P-selectin-dependent activation of monocytes and neutrophils accelerates venous thrombosis resolution due to reduced infiltration and activation of innate immune cells at the site of thrombus formation, which prevents early thrombus stabilization and facilitates fibrinolysis.
Hippocampal subfields and their neocortical interactions during autobiographical memory
Authors: Leelaarporn Pitshaporn , Dalton Marshall A. , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Stöcker Tony , Spottke Annika , Schneider Anja , McCormick Cornelia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Advances in ultra-high field 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging (7 T fMRI) have provided unprecedented opportunities to gain insights into the neural underpinnings supporting human memory. The hippocampus, a heterogeneous brain structure comprising several subfields, plays a central role during vivid re-experiencing of autobiographical memories (AM). However, due to technical limitations, how hippocampal subfields differentially support AM, whether this contribution is specific to one portion along the hippocampal long-axis, and how subfields are functionally connected with other brain regions typically associated with AM retrieval remains elusive. Here, we leveraged technical advances of parallel imaging and employed a submillimeter Echo Planar Imaging sequence over the whole brain while participants re-experienced vivid, detail-rich AM. We found that all hippocampal subfields along the long-axis were engaged during AM retrieval. Nonetheless, only the pre/parasubiculum within the anterior body of the hippocampus contributed over and above to AM retrieval. Moreover, whole-brain functional connectivity analyses of the same data revealed that this part of the hippocampus was the only one that was strongly connected to other brain regions typically associated with AM, such as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and medial/lateral parietal regions. In the context of the broader literature, our results support recent proposals that the anterior body of the pre/parasubiculum may play an important role in scene-based cognition, such as its engagement during the re-experiencing of personal past events.
Field Evaluation of an Autonomous, Low-Power Eddy Covariance CO2 Flux System for the Marine Environment
Authors: Miller Scott D. , Emond Marc , Vandemark Doug , Shellito Shawn , Covert Jason , Bogoev Ivan , Swiatek Edward 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Eddy covariance (EC) air–sea CO2 flux measurements have been developed for large research vessels, but have yet to be demonstrated for smaller platforms. Our goal was to design and build a complete EC CO2 flux package suitable for unattended operation on a buoy. Published state-of-the-art techniques that have proven effective on research vessels, such as airstream drying and liquid water rejection, were adapted for a 2-m discus buoy with limited power. Fast-response atmospheric CO2 concentration was measured using both an off-the-shelf (“stock”) gas analyzer (EC155, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) and a prototype gas analyzer (“proto”) with reduced motion-induced error that was designed and built in collaboration with an instrument manufacturer. The system was tested on the University of New Hampshire (UNH) air–sea interaction buoy for 18 days in the Gulf of Maine in October 2020. The data demonstrate the overall robustness of the system. Empirical postprocessing techniques previously used on ship-based measurements to address motion sensitivity of CO2 analyzers were generally not effective for the stock sensor. The proto analyzer markedly outperformed the stock unit and did not require ad hoc motion corrections, yet revealed some remaining artifacts to be addressed in future designs. Additional system refinements to further reduce power demands and increase unattended deployment duration are described.
Hu-Qi-Zheng-Xiao Decoction Inhibits the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing the HIF-1α Signaling Pathway to Inhibit EMT, LCSC, and Angiogenic Process
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Yin Ling , Chai Mengyin , Kou Buxin , Liu Xiaoni , Wang Xiaojun 
Published: February 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common clinical malignant tumor of the digestive system. Hu-Qi-Zheng-Xiao (HQZX) decoction has been clinically found to prolong the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and improve the quality of patients’ survival, but its antitumor biological mechanism is still unclear. Methods: A nude mouse hollow fiber hepatocellular carcinoma model was constructed to analyze the in vivo efficacy of HQZX decoction against 7 different hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The subcutaneous graft tumor model was again validated. In vitro, the effect of HQZX decoction on the growth and metastasis of the cell line with the highest growth inhibition was evaluated. The cell line with the best efficacy response screened was again used to construct a hollow fiber hepatocellular carcinoma model and hollow fiber conduit cells were extracted to detect the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, EMT-related molecules, LCSCs-related molecules, and to observe the density of the subcutaneous vascular network of hollow fiber conduits. The liver metastasis model of splenic injection was constructed to observe the effect of HQZX decoction on tumor metastasis. Results: The hollow fiber hepatocellular carcinoma model was evaluated for the efficacy of HQZX decoction, and it was found to have the highest growth inhibition of LM3-luc cells. In vitro, the CCK8 assay revealed that HQZX decoction could inhibit tumor migration and invasion and promote apoptosis. In addition, the mechanism study of extracting cells from hollow fiber tubes found that HQZX decoction could inhibit metastasis-associated HIF-1α, VEGF, EMT-related molecules, and LCSCs-related molecules expression. capillary network around subcutaneous fiber tubes was reduced in the HQZX decoction gavage group of mice. It inhibited tumor metastasis in nude mice. Conclusions: HQZX decoction inhibited the growth of a variety of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. HQZX decoction suppressed the expression of metastasis-associated VEGF, EMT-related molecules, and LCSCs-related molecules and inhibited tumor angiogenesis and growth and metastasis, which may be related to the inhibition of the HIF-1α signaling pathway. It reveals that HQZX decoction may be a promising herbal compound for anti-HCC therapy, and also reveals the accurate feasibility of the hollow fiber hepatocellular carcinoma model for in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation and mechanism study.