bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a sustainable and concentrated source of bioavailable lutein for feed
Authors: Morand-Laffargue L. , Creton B. , Halimi C. , Sabatier D. , Desmarchelier C. , Borel P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are increasingly used to recycle and convert food waste into feed. We attempted to assess whether they can bioaccumulate lutein, a xanthophyll used as a food coloring, and whether it is then sufficiently bioavailable for an economically relevant incorporation of BSFL into feed. Vegetables and larvae lutein concentrations were measured by HPLC. Lutein bioaccessibility was estimated by in vitro digestion and lutein absorption efficiency by Caco-2 cells. BSFL were at least as rich, and sometimes richer (), in lutein than the vegetables they were reared on. For example, the larvae reared on kale contained 160.2 ± 3.4 mg/kg vs 23.0 ± 3.5 mg/kg of lutein, on a fresh weight basis, for the kale substrate. For the same substrate, lutein bioaccessibility was not statistically different between BSFL and the substrate (respectively, 14.8 ± 1.2% and 16.2 ± 2.8%; ). Finally, by considering the lutein concentration in BSFL enriched in lutein and in lutein-rich substrates, as well as the bioaccessibility and intestinal absorption efficiency of lutein contained in these matrices, it was estimated that consumption of lutein-enriched larvae would lead to a theoretical amount of absorbed lutein about 2 to 13 times higher compared to that following the consumption of an equal quantity of lutein-rich vegetables. Thus, BSFL can be used as a sustainable and concentrated source of bioavailable lutein for feed and, indirectly, for food.
Low energy electron beam to support safe whole dried insect products
Authors: Peguero D.A. , Gold M. , Duewell T. , Waser A. , Dubovcova B. , Vandeweyer D. , Zurbrügg C. , Mathys A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Product safety is a major concern when using edible insects and insect-derived products due to insects’ diverse microbial community. Therefore, development of reliable post-processing treatments are required. Commonly used thermal treatments are effective against microorganisms but can have negative effects on product quality and nutritional value. Low-energy electron beam (LEEB) is an emerging non-thermal surface treatment technology for microbial decontamination of low water activity goods while preserving product quality. However, its potential application as an insect post-processing treatment has not been explored. To assess the effectiveness of LEEB treatment (250 keV and 12 kGy), three separate experiments were conducted with dried black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and yellow mealworm (YMW). First, to assess LEEB’s potential in inactivating microorganisms in insect products, LEEB treatment was conducted on dried BSFL inoculated with Escherichia coli K-12. Secondly, the effect of LEEB treatment on reducing naturally occurring microbial populations after microwave drying was evaluated. Finally, a six-month controlled shelf-life study (24 °C, 65% RH) was conducted to assess the long-term efficacy of LEEB treatment by monitoring physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. LEEB achieved a 4-log10 reduction of inoculated E. coli K-12 on dried BSFL and was effective in reducing numbers of all microbiological parameters (aerobic and anaerobic counts) in YMW. Specifically, in non-inoculated samples, aerobic and anaerobic total viable counts (TVC) were reduced by approximately 4-log10 colony forming units per gram (cfu/g) in YMW. In contrast, LEEB treatment moderately reduced microbial numbers in BSFL, with aerobic and anaerobic TVC reduced by approximately 1–2-log10 cfu/g following LEEB treatment. Microbial counts in both BSFL and YMW remained lower than the control throughout the shelf-life. LEEB treatment did not have an influence on the peroxide value. Therefore, LEEB can be an effective and gentle processing technique to support safe dried insect products.
Heritability of fat accumulation in the house fly and its implication for the selection of nutritionally tailored phenotypes
Authors: Boatta F. , Smit J.A.H. , Lautenschutz M.A.W.M. , Ellen E.D. , Ellers J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Fats make up a large fraction of the larval biomass in insects and are of increasing relevance for industrial purposes. The quantity of fats accumulated during the larval period can vary greatly among individuals. To selectively breed favourable fat accumulation phenotypes for commercial purpose, a genetic component underlying these differences would be required. In this study we determined the heritability of larval fat accumulation in the common housefly (Musca domestica L.). A nested paternal half-sib breeding design resulted in a total of 47 full-sib families, which produced in total 633 larvae, each phenotyped for their dry weight and fat content (absolute and relative). Adult selection was strictly standardized to reduce the variation in fat content induced by differences in development time during the immature stages: sires and dams were separated according to their pupation day and emergence day, and subsequently pooled into randomized groups. Two animal models were built to estimate the heritability of larval fat accumulation: (1) a Markov Chain Monte Carlo linear mixed model (MCMCglmm) where three sets of priors were used, and (2) one based on linear mixed model using restricted maximum likelihood (ASReml). The results showed a moderate heritability for larval absolute fat content for both MCMCglmm (between 0.30 and 0.38, depending on the set of prior used) and ASReml (0.37 ± 0.11). Slightly higher estimates were obtained for the relative fat content with both the MCMCglmm (between 0.34-0.48) and ASReml (0.47 ± 0.10). In contrast, heritability estimates for larval dry weight were low and could be obtained only with the MCMCglmm model (between 0.11-0.22). This work provides valuable insights into the quantitative genetics of larval fat characteristics, a trait of high relevance for the emerging sector producing insects for feed and food.
Shelf life of the preheated and ready-to-eat long-horned grasshopper Ruspolia differens Serville
Authors: Ssepuuya G. , Claes J. , Van Der Borght M. , Van Campenhout L. , Nakimbugwe D. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ruspolia differens is an edible insect delicacy in sub-Saharan Africa, majorly harvested from the wild, with a very short shelf life (24 hours depending on the handling conditions). Combinations of preheating, roasting and drying, and storage at refrigerated and room temperature were used to prolong its shelf life. Product quality was evaluated using sensory, microbial and chemical analyses. To allow transportation from the harvesting areas to the market, preservation up to 9 hours at room temperature was possible using only preheating (boiling at 100 °C for 6 minutes). Combinations of preheating and roasting (for 25 and 35 minutes at 165 °C) resulted in moisture contents of 21.3 and 10.4% with shelf life at refrigeration temperature of 25 and 54 days, respectively. Aroma was the main factor determining the shelf life. Further drying of preheated and roasted grasshoppers resulted in a product with 4.5% moisture. In combination with vacuum packaging, storage at room temperature was possible for at least 20 weeks. This research therefore contributes to long term storage of the surplus harvested R. differens, and thus to increased food security.
Ability of black soldier fly larvae to bioaccumulate tocopherols from different substrates and measurement of larval tocopherol bioavailability in vitro
Authors: Morand-Laffargue L. , Vairo D. , Halimi C. , Chiarello E. , Creton B. , Sabatier D. , Borel P. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Edible insects are an emerging approach to provide sustainable proteins in feed. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can also bioaccumulate micronutrients from various substrates. The purpose of this study was to assess whether BSFL can bioaccumulate significant concentrations of bioavailable α and ɣ-tocopherol (TOC) from vitamin E (VE) rich substrates. BSFL were reared on VE rich substrates, e.g. wheat germ oil, bran, etc. α and γ-tocopherol were quantified in larvae and substrates by HPLC. VE bioaccessibility was estimated using an in vitro model of digestion. Uptake efficiency of micellarized VE by intestinal cell was estimated using Caco-2 cells. BSFL were at least as rich in α-TOC, but not ɣ-TOC, as their rearing substrates. VE bioaccessibility was almost always significantly lower in BSFL than in corresponding substrates. Conversely, VE uptake efficiency was either not significantly different or significantly higher in BSFLs than in substrates. Thus, VE enrichment of BSFL from VE rich substrates, in particular co-products such as brans and oil cakes, could be an innovative way to recycle VE and to provide significant amounts of sustainable VE in farm animal feed.
Can the ‘Clean Slate’ ‘Go Big’ on Its Own? The Contribution of the Union Default
Authors: Gall Gregor , Harcourt Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Unions’ presence and influence in the United States continue to atrophy. One key reason for this decline is the difficulties in certifying via the National Labor Relations Act. Consequently, labor-oriented scholars have developed proposals to overhaul and/or supplement this process. One of the most far-reaching is the ‘Clean Slate’. We contend that, though a welcome advance, ‘Clean Slate’ is a necessary but insufficient law reform to revive unions. Accordingly, we suggest a complementary policy, the union default, to the ‘Clean Slate’. With a union default, ‘Clean Slate’ would produce a much swifter and more dramatic resurgence in union membership and resources, sparking a badly needed virtuous upward spiral.
“Our God is Woman! Our Mission is Protest! Our Weapons Are Bare Breasts!”
Authors: Palmer Heather 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Femen deploys specific rhetorical and performative strategies that, while invoking revolutionary movements such as second-wave feminism and the historical avant-garde, normalize and universalize Eurocentric beauty myths as a standard of value and locus point of agency. Emerging in an era of media exposure, this privileging constellates around their trademark strategy of engagement, the circulation of images from their topless protests privilege whiteness, beauty, and youth. Using a critical media literacy framework to read the rhetorical performances of such bare-breasted bodies, I offer an analysis of Femen’s form of pop feminism, “sextremism,” that finds that, although their protests foreground performance, procedure, and action, the group fails to substantively critique and challenge the commodification of expression, desire, and political interaction in their representations and circulation. Despite such failure, Femen illustrate three characteristics of a feminist rhetoric of unruliness: appropriation of the revolutionary avant-garde, a parrhesiastic and agonistic tone of discursive delivery, and the strategic mobilization of material bare bodies in public and digital spaces. I conclude by offering a reading of Femen as a form of biopolitics, a praxis of bare literacies that realize radical openness or vulnerability by way of public exposure to powerful hegemonic patriarchal systems. Ultimately, this analysis is informed by Agamben’s central question in Homo Sacer: In what way does bare life dwell in the polis?
Decarbonizing Conference Travel: Testing a Multi-Hub Approach
Authors: Kremser Stefanie , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Richter Jadwiga H. , Santos Jose , Danzer Julia , Hölbling Stefanie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the global research enterprise grapples with the challenge of a low-carbon future, a key challenge is the future of international conferences. An emerging initiative that combines elements of the traditional in-person conference and a virtual conference is a multi-hub approach. Here we report on a real-world trial of a multi-hub approach, the World Climate Research Programme/Stratosphere-Troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (WCRP/SPARC) General Assembly held in Qingdao–Reading–Boulder during the last week of October 2022 with more than 400 participants. While there are other examples of conferences run in dual-hub or hybrid online and in-person formats, we are not aware of other large atmospheric science conferences held in this format. Based on travel surveys of participants, we estimate that the multi-hub approach reduced the carbon footprint from travel by between a factor of 2.3 and 4.1 times the footprint when hosting the conference in a single location. This resulted in a saving of at least 288 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2eq) and perhaps as much as 683 tCO2eq, compared to having the conference in one location only. Feedback from participants, collected immediately after the conference, showed that the majority would again attend another conference in a similar format. There are many ways that the format of the SPARC General Assembly could have been improved, but this proof of concept provides an inspiration to other groups to give the multi-hub format a try.
Telemedicine in home-based care for COVID-19 patients
Authors: Van Nguyen Si , Duong Huong Nguyen Viet , Nguyen Hieu Bao , Doan My Ai Thao , Nguyen Duc Thanh , Tran An Tuan , Hoang Khoi Kim , Ly Oanh Hoang , Dang Thanh Xuan , Tran Tung Ho Thanh , Tran Hung Quang , Nguyen Nam Ba , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thu , Rai Raghu , Le Pham An 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has made devastating impacts on public health and global economy. While most people experience mild symptoms, it is highly transmissible and deadly in at-risk populations. Telemedicine has the potential to prevent hospitalization and provide remote care.

Methods
This retrospective study included 336 people with COVID-19, among which 141 (42%) and 195 (58%) were in Delta and Omicron dominant groups, respectively. Patients were confirmed to have COVID-19 by PCR or rapid test and were cared for via telemedicine. Severe cases were hospitalized for more intensive treatment.

Results
The majority of individuals recovered at home (97.02%), while 2.98% required hospitalization. All hospital admissions were in Delta dominant group. No deaths were reported. Delta dominant group was more likely to develop loss of taste and smell, decreased appetite and need longer treatment time than those in Omicron dominant group.

Conclusions
Telemedicine is a safe measure to provide at-home care for people with COVID-19 infections caused by both Delta and Omicron variants.

Trial registration
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board Committee of University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City (IRB No: 22115–DHYD).
Competences to self-manage low back pain among care-seeking adolescents from general practice - a qualitative study
Authors: Straszek Christian Lund , Skrubbeltrang Lotte Stausgaard , O’Sullivan Kieran , Thomsen Janus Laust , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
There is limited knowledge about when and how adolescents with low back pain (LBP) interact with health care providers. This limits our understanding of how to best help these young patients. This study aimed to understand when and how care-seeking adolescents with LBP interact with health care providers and which health literacy competencies and strategies do they use to self-managing their LBP.

Method
Ten semi-structured interviews (duration 20–40 min) were conducted online among adolescents aged 15–18 with current or recent LBP (pain duration range; 9 months – 5 years). The interview guide was informed by literature on health literacy and self-management in patients. We conducted a semantic and latent thematic data analyses.

Results
Three major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) Self-management, (2) Pain and Function, and (3) Communication. All adolescents were functionally limited by their pain but the main reason to consult a health care provider was an increase in pain intensity. Many were able to navigate the healthcare system, but experienced difficulties in communicating with health care providers, and many felt that they were not being taken seriously. Their first line self-management option was often over-the-counter pain medicine with limited effects. Most adolescents expressed a desire to self-manage their LBP but needed more guidance from health care providers.

Conclusion
Adolescents with LBP seek care when pain intensifies, but they lack self-management strategies. Many adolescents want to self-manage their LBP with guidance from health care providers, but insufficient communication is a barrier for collaboration on self-management.
A safe and simple exposure and Pringle maneuver in laparoscopic anatomical liver resection of segment 7
Authors: Li YongKun , Wu Ke , Li Jing , Zheng Lu , You Nan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic access to liver segment 7 (S7) is difficult for deep surgical situations and bleeding control. Herein, our proposed laparoscopic technique for S7 lesions using a self-designed tube method is introduced.

Methods
Clinical data of patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomical liver resection of S7 (LALR-S7) with the help of our self-designed tube to improve the exposure of S7 and bleeding control in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) from April 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate feasibility and safety.

Results
Nineteen patients were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age was 51.3 ± 10.3 years; mean operation time, 194.5 ± 22.7 min; median blood loss, 160.0 ml (150.0–205.0 ml); and median length of hospital stay, 8.0 days (7.0–9.0 days). There was no case conversion to open surgery. Postoperative pathology revealed all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Free surgical margins were achieved in all patients. No major postoperative complications were observed. Patients with postoperative complications recovered after conservative treatment. During outpatient follow-up examination, no other abnormality was presented. All patients survived without tumor recurrence.

Conclusions
The preliminary clinical effect of our method was safe, reproducible and effective for LALR-S7. Further research is needed due to some limitations of this study.
Persistent CMV pneumonitis in HIV infection: a case report
Authors: Frederick Abbye W. , Kitchell Ellen , McCormick-Baw Clare , Kukkar Vishal , Jain Mamta K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a rare case of pathology-proven CMV pneumonitis in a patient with HIV infection after presenting with cough and fever. This presentation was complicated by recurrence of symptoms after treatment in the setting of continued uncontrolled HIV infection. This case raised the importance of further discussion regarding best treatment guidelines for CMV pneumonitis for patients with HIV.
Vaginal CO2 laser therapy for genitourinary syndrome in breast cancer survivors—VagLaser study protocol: a randomized blinded, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jacobsen Sine , Glavind-Kristensen Marianne , Jensen Anders Bonde , Forman Axel , Bor Pinar 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Vaginal CO2 laser therapy is a new treatment option for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Its potential is particularly interesting in breast cancer survivors, where existing treatment options often are insufficient as hormonal treatment is problematic in these women. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of vaginal laser treatment for alleviation of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy. The secondary objective is to explore the importance of repeated vaginal laser treatment and the long-term effects in this patient population.

Methods
VagLaser consist of three sub-studies; a dose response study, a randomized, participant blinded, placebo-controlled study and a follow-up study. All studies include breast cancer survivors in adjuvant endocrine therapy, and are conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Randers Regional Hospital, Denmark. The first participant was recruited on 16th of February 2023. Primary outcome is vaginal dryness. Secondary subjective outcomes are vaginal pain, itching, soreness, urinary symptoms and sexual function. Secondary objective outcomes are change in vaginal histology (punch biopsy), change in vaginal and urine microbiota, and change in vaginal pH.

Discussion
More randomized controlled trials, with longer follow-up to explore the optimal treatment regimen and the number of repeat vaginal laser treatments for alleviation the symptoms of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors treated with endocrine adjuvant therapy, are needed. This study will be the first to investigate change in vaginal and urine microbiota during vaginal laser therapy in breast cancer survivors.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06007027 (registered 22 August, 2023).
Protocol version: Version 1, Date 13.11.2023.
Basal gonadotropin levels combine with pelvic ultrasound and pituitary volume: a machine learning diagnostic model of idiopathic central precocious puberty
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhang Danbin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
The current diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) relies on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) stimulation test, which requires multiple invasive blood sampling procedures. The aim of this study was to construct machine learning models incorporating basal pubertal hormone levels, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and pelvic ultrasound parameters to predict the response of precocious girls to GnRHa stimulation test.

Methods
This retrospective study included 455 girls diagnosed with precocious puberty who underwent transabdominal pelvic ultrasound, brain MRI examinations and GnRHa stimulation testing were retrospectively reviewed. They were randomly assigned to the training or internal validation set in an 8:2 ratio. Four machine learning classifiers were developed to identify girls with CPP, including logistic regression, random forest, light gradient boosting (LightGBM), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) and F1 score of the models were measured.

Results
The participates were divided into an idiopathic CPP group (n = 263) and a non-CPP group (n = 192). All machine learning classifiers used achieved good performance in distinguishing CPP group and non-CPP group, with the area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.72 to 0.81 in validation set. XGBoost had the highest diagnostic efficacy, with sensitivity of 0.81, specificity of 0.72, and F1 score of 0.80. Basal pubertal hormone levels (including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol), averaged ovarian volume, and several uterine parameters were predictors in the model.

Conclusion
The machine learning prediction model we developed has good efficacy for predicting response to GnRHa stimulation tests which could help in the diagnosis of CPP.