bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coworkers’ responses to knowledge sharing: the moderating role of a knowledge contributor’s job competence
Authors: Tang Paul , Lai Jennifer Y.M. , Chen Xiaoyun , Fu Siu Fong Isabel 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Drawing on social exchange theory, this study aims to investigate the reciprocal relationship between an employee’s knowledge sharing and his or her coworkers’ responses to this focal contributor in terms of knowledge sharing and helping behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
A two-wave online survey collected data from 84 respondents who provided ratings on each member on their team, representing 440 dyadic relationships. Hierarchical linear modeling analyzed the between-subjects and within-subject data simultaneously.

Findings
Employees generally reciprocate contributors’ knowledge sharing with an exact act (i.e. knowledge sharing) through the mechanism of peer respect. However, respect generated by knowledge sharing is enhanced only when the knowledge contributor is competent.

Originality/value
Research on how an employee’s knowledge sharing actually influences other members of a team is lacking. This study addresses this gap by examining responses to a team member’s knowledge sharing from a peer’s perspective. It also reveals when knowledge sharing is more pronounced in earning peer respect.
Experts as crisis managers: The case of the Swedish response to the Covid‐19 pandemic
Authors: Gardell Eva‐Karin Olsson 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe academic discussion on the role of experts in crisis decision making subject is scattered and diverged. The debate has foremost been connected to the discussion of centralized versus decentralized responses. Inspired by the notion of contingency and Karl Weick, this article explores the role of the Swedish Public Health Agency in coping with the Covid‐19 pandemic. One of the key findings from the study is that even if experts might have a better technical understanding, at the same time, they risk getting stuck in identity concerns and previous experiences which result in rigid responses. The study also underlines that it is risky for decision‐makers to rely upon one single body of expertise at times when uncertainty is high and there is a lack of solid evidence and knowledge, given the likelihood of fixation and rigidity. Rather, policy makers should encourage a deliberative debate, involving a diversity of experts and expertise.
DNA metabarcoding diet analysis in a generalist omnivore: feeding trials reveal the efficacy of extraction kits and a multi‐locus approach for identifying diverse diets
Authors: THONGJUED Kantima , GARCIA Karina , SCOTT Delia , GONTHIER David J. , DUPUIS Julian R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetabarcoding‐based diet analysis is a valuable tool for understanding the feeding behavior of a wide range of species. However, many studies using these methods for wild animals assume accuracy and precision without experimental evaluation with known positive control food items. Here, we conducted a feeding trial experiment with a positive control community in pasture‐raised chickens and assessed the efficacy of several commonly used DNA extraction kits and primer sets. We hand‐fed 22 known food items, including insects and plants, to six backyard laying hens and collected their excreta for eight h. We evaluated the efficacy of three DNA extraction kits, three primer sets for plant identification (targeting rbcL, trnL, and internal transcribed spacer 2 [ITS2]), and three primer sets for arthropod identification (targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit I [COI]). The detection success rate of our positive control food items was highly variable, ranging from 2.04% to 93.88% for all kit/primer combinations and averaging 37.35% and 43.57% for the most effective kit/primer combination for plants and insects, respectively. Extraction kits using bead‐based homogenization positively affected the recovery proportion of plant and insect DNA in excreta samples. The minimum time to detect known food items was 44 min post‐feeding. Two COI primer sets significantly outperformed the third, and both recovery proportion and taxonomic resolution from ITS2 were significantly higher than those from rbcL and trnL. Taken together, these results display the potential variability that can be inherently present in DNA‐based diet analyses and highlight the utility of experimental feeding trials in validating such approaches, particularly for omnivores with diverse diets.
Peripheral arterial rather than venous blood is a better source of circulating tumor cells in early lung cancer
Authors: Wang Zhen‐dan , Feng Yi‐fei , Wang Yu‐shuo , Ma Ying , Liu Jiyan , Li Dihua , Li Sheng , Zhang Guo‐dong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. Identification of a more suitable sample source could be a breakthrough towards enhancing CTC detectability in early‐stage lung cancer. We investigated the differences in detectable CTCs between peripheral arterial and venous blood in early‐ and mid‐stage lung cancer patients undergoing surgery and analyzed the association between clinicopathological factors and detectable CTCs in peripheral arterial and venous blood.MethodsPeripheral arterial and venous blood was collected in 5‐mL samples from 56 patients with surgically resected and pathologically clear at early‐ or mid‐stage lung cancer. Blood specimens were enriched for CTCs based on isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells. The CTCs were identified using Swiss Giemsa staining and immunohistochemistry for CD45/CD31.ResultsIn stage I lung cancer, CTC‐positive rate was significantly higher in peripheral arterial than in venous blood (45.45% vs. 17.39%). There was no significant difference in the number of detectable CTCs between peripheral arterial and venous blood. A low degree of differentiation was associated with a high positive rate of CTCs in peripheral venous blood. The number of circulating tumor microemboli was significantly higher in patients with tumor size >3 cm compared with ≤3 cm.ConclusionCTC levels in peripheral arterial and venous blood differed little in lung cancer patients.Compared to peripheral venous blood, peripheral arterial blood had a higher CTC positivity rate in early‐stage lung cancer.This study was favorable for early detection and monitoring of lung cancer.
T‐cell immune profile in blood of systemic mastocytosis: Association with disease features
Authors: Pérez‐Pons Alba , Teodosio Cristina , Jara‐Acevedo María , Henriques Ana , Navarro‐Navarro Paula , García‐Montero Andrés C. , Álvarez‐Twose Iván , Lecrevisse Quentin , Fluxa Rafael , Sánchez‐Muñoz Laura , Caldas Carolina , Pozo Julio , Martín Silvia , Sanfeliciano Teresa Contreras , Pedreira Carlos E. , Botafogo Vitor , González‐López Oscar , Mayado Andrea , Orfao Alberto 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by an expansion of KIT‐mutated mast cells (MC). KIT‐mutated MC display activated features and release MC mediators that might act on the tumour microenvironment and other immune cells. Here, we investigated the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in blood of patients with distinct subtypes of SM and determined its association with other disease features.MethodsWe studied the distribution of TCD4+ and TCD4− cytotoxic cells and their subsets, as well as total NK‐ and B cells, in blood of 115 SM patients—38 bone marrow mastocytosis (BMM), 67 indolent SM (ISM), 10 aggressive SM (ASM)‐ and 83 age‐matched healthy donors (HD), using spectral flow cytometry and the EuroFlow Immunomonitoring panel, and correlated it with multilineage KITD816V, the alpha‐tryptasemia genotype (HαT) and the clinical manifestations of the disease.ResultsSM patients showed decreased counts (vs. HD) of TCD4− cytotoxic cells, NK cells and several functional subsets of TCD4+ cells (total Th1, Th2‐effector memory, Th22‐terminal effector and Th1‐like Tregs), together with increased T‐follicular‐helper and Th1/Th17‐like Treg counts, associated with different immune profiles per diagnostic subtype of SM, in multilineal versus MC‐restricted KITD816V and in cases with a HαT+ versus HαT− genotype. Unique immune profiles were found among BMM and ISM patients with MC‐restricted KITD816V who displayed HαT, anaphylaxis, hymenoptera venom allergy, bone disease, pruritus, flushing and GI symptoms.ConclusionOur results reveal altered T‐ and NK‐cell immune profiles in blood of SM, which vary per disease subtype, the pattern of involvement of haematopoiesis by KITD816V, the HαT genotype and specific clinical manifestations of the disease.
Living arrangements and housing affordability issues of young adults in Canada: Differences by nativity status
Authors: Choi Kate H. , Ramaj Sagi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHousing prices in Canada have increased dramatically, giving rise to a housing affordability crisis. Young adults have been disproportionately affected by this crisis. To cope, many young adults have had to alter their living arrangements, contributing to the diversification of their living arrangements. Young adults’ diverse living arrangements are the product of growing inequalities in young adults’ economic prospects and access to family support. Extant work has yet to document how young adults’ risk of having unaffordable housing varies according to their living arrangements. Our comparison of young adults’ risk of having unaffordable housing according to their living arrangements reveals that co‐residence with parents, relatives, or roommates reduces young adults’ risk of having unaffordable housing. This protective effect is smaller for the foreign‐born than the Canadian‐born. The National Housing Strategy should allocate more resources to increase the supply of affordable housing earmarked for young adults, particularly the foreign‐born who live alone or with children.
The wisdom of claiming ownership of human genomic data: A cautionary tale for research institutions
Authors: Thaldar Donrich 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article considers the practical question of how research institutions should best structure their legal relationship with the human genomic data that they generate. The analysis, based on South African law, is framed by the legal position that although a research institution that generates human genomic data is not automatically the owner thereof, it is well positioned to claim ownership of newly generated data instances. Given that the research institution exerts effort to generate the data, it can be argued that it has a moral right to claim ownership of such data. Combined with the fact that it has an interest in having comprehensive rights in such data, it appears that the prudent policy for research institutions is to claim ownership of the human genomic data instances that they generate. This policy is tested against two opposing policy positions. The first opposing policy position is that research participants should own the data that relate to them. However, in light of data protection legislation that already provides extensive protections to research participants, bestowing data ownership on research participants would offer little benefit to such individuals, while leading to significant practical problems for research institutions. The second opposing policy position is that the concept of ownership should be abandoned in favour of data custodianship. This opposing position is problematic, as avoiding reference to ownership is a denial of legal reality and hence not a useful policy. Also, avoiding reference to ownership will leave research institutions with limited legal remedies in the event of appropriation of data by third parties. Accordingly, it is concluded that the wisest policy for research institutions is indeed to explicitly claim ownership of the human genomic data instances that they generate.
Reducing epilepsy diagnostic and treatment gaps: Standardized paediatric epilepsy training courses for health care professionals
Authors: Gifford Alison , Griffiths Michael J. , Rodie Philippa , Wilmshurst Jo , Ball Jessica , Dunkley Colin , McLellan Ailsa , O'Callaghan Finbar , Kirkpatrick Martin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate improvement in knowledge and clinical behaviour among healthcare professionals after attendance at paediatric epilepsy training (PET) courses.MethodSince 2005, 1‐day PET courses have taught evidence‐based paediatric epilepsy management to doctors and nurses in low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries. A cohort study was performed of 7528 participants attending 252 1‐day PET courses between 2005 and 2020 in 17 low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries, and which gathered data from participants immediately after the course and then 6 months later. Training outcomes were measured prospectively in three domains (reaction, learning, and behaviour) using a mixed‐methods approach involving a feedback questionnaire, a knowledge quiz before and after the course, and a 6‐month survey.ResultsNinety‐eight per cent (7217 of 7395) of participants rated the course as excellent or good. Participants demonstrated knowledge gain, answering a significantly higher proportion of questions correctly after the course compared to before the course (88% [47 883 of 54 196], correct answers/all quiz answers, vs 75% [40 424 of 54 196]; p < 0.001). Most survey responders reported that the course had improved their epilepsy diagnosis and management (73% [311 of 425]), clinical service (68% [290 of 427]), and local epilepsy training (68% [290 of 427]).InterpretationThis was the largest evaluation of a global epilepsy training course. Participants reported high course satisfaction, showed knowledge gain, and described improvements in clinical behaviour 6 months later. PET supports the global reduction in the epilepsy ‘treatment gap’ as promoted by the World Health Organization.
Comparison of prediction models for cardiovascular and mortality risk in people with type 2 diabetes: An external validation in 23 685 adults included in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Jiong Ong Xin , Tang Shiqi , Tang Yui Chit , Wong Cheuk Tung , Ng Carmen S. , Quan Jianchao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsTo validate cardiovascular risk prediction models for individuals with diabetes using the UK Biobank in order to assess their applicability.MethodsWe externally validated 19 cardiovascular risk scores from seven risk prediction models (Chang et al., Framingham, University of Hong Kong‐Singapore [HKU‐SG], Li et al, RECODe [risk equations for complications of type 2 diabetes], SCORE [Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation] and the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Outcomes Model 2 [UKPDS OM2]), identified from systematic reviews, using UK Biobank data from 2006 to 2021 (n = 23 685; participant age 40–71 years, 63.5% male). We evaluated performance by assessing the discrimination and calibration of the models for the endpoints of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease.ResultsOver a total of 269 430 person‐years of follow‐up (median 11.89 years), the models showed low‐to‐moderate discrimination performance on external validation (concordance indices [c‐indices] 0.50–0.71). Most models had low calibration with overprediction of the observed risk. RECODe outperformed other models across four comparable endpoints for discrimination: all‐cause mortality (c‐index 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.69), congestive heart failure (c‐index 0.71, 95% CI 0.69–0.72), myocardial infarction (c‐index 0.67, 95% CI 0.65–0.68); and stroke (c‐index 0.65, 95% CI 0.62–0.68), and for calibration (except for all‐cause mortality). The UKPDS OM2 had comparable performance to RECODe for all‐cause mortality (c‐index 0.67, 95% CI 0.66–0.69) and cardiovascular mortality (c‐index 0.71, 95% CI 0.70–0.73), but worse performance for other outcomes. The models performed better for younger participants and somewhat better for non‐White ethnicities. Models developed from non‐Western datasets showed worse performance in our UK‐based validation set.ConclusionsThe RECODe model led to better risk estimations in this predominantly White European population. Further validation is needed in non‐Western populations to assess generalizability to other populations.
Impact of climate variability on moonfish (Mene maculata) catch rate in the waters off southwestern Taiwan
Authors: Ray Aratrika , Mondal Sandipan , Osuka Kennedy Edeye , Sihombing Riah Irawati , Lee Ming‐An , Wang Yi‐Chen , He Jia‐Sin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA commercially significant small coastal forage fish, moonfish (Mene maculata), accounts for almost 98% of Taiwanese purse seine capture, primarily in the southwestern Taiwan region. Research indicates that climate indices affect coastal fish catch and dispersal, while the link between moonfish and climatic variability in this region is still unclear. This study found that the delayed period of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) affect moonfish distribution and catch rates off southwestern Taiwan. Understudied are the environmental factors connected to these oscillations and their delayed consequences on moonfish catch rates. We focussed on Taiwan purse seiner capture rates (catch per unit effort or CPUE) of moonfish in southwestern Taiwan from 2014 to 2020 and delayed oscillation occurrences up to 5 years to better understand these processes. CPUE demonstrated a 3 to 4‐year positive connection (r > 0.5) with NPGO, NPO and PDO. The region's moonfish catch rates were most affected by NPGO with a 4‐year lag, followed by a 3‐year lag of PDO and lastly a 4‐year lag of NPO, according to the results of generalized additive models (GAMs). All the three oscillations had the greatest impact on moonfish catchability when a lag of >2 years was present. Between 2014 and 2020, moonfish CPUE fluctuated, peaking in 2019. The climatic parameters that affect moonfish in southwestern Taiwan and the Taiwanese purse seine fisheries catches are shown by this study.
Threats of dams to the persistence of the world's freshwater fishes
Authors: Keijzer Tamara , Barbarossa Valerio , Marques Alexandra , Carvajal‐Quintero Juan D. , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHabitat fragmentation due to dams is a well‐known threat to freshwater fish. Yet, the global consequences of fragmentation for the viability of freshwater fish populations are unknown. Here, we provide the first global assessment of the threats of dams to the persistence of freshwater fish species. We developed a global macroecological relationship between freshwater fish range size and body size and used this relationship to assess whether isolated range fragments are too small to support a species. Our assessment includes 7369 freshwater fish species and considers the effects of 31,780 dams globally. Furthermore, we performed a more detailed analysis of the threats of dams in Brazil, the greater Mekong region and the United States, using complementary national and regional data sets. Globally, more than half of the species analysed face extirpation in a part of their geographic range, with an average potential range loss of 3.3% (95%‐range: 0%–31.8%) across all species analysed. For 74 fish species, occurring in Brazil, China, India, the Mekong basin, the United States, South‐Africa and the East Adriatic Coast, more than 50% of their range is potentially lost. This includes 18 species threatened with extinction across their whole range. Our complementary regional analysis revealed that the potentially lost range increases by a factor of 2–4 when considering both large and small dams compared with considering only large dams (≥15 m), highlighting the need to establish more comprehensive global dam inventories. Our novel approach and global analysis identifies species at risk of extirpation as well as geographic hotspots of extirpation threat by dams, which can aid in establishing more effective strategies for global hydropower development and barrier removal efforts to optimise the trade‐offs between biodiversity conservation and the socio‐economic benefits of dams.
Survival of patients with unfavorable prognosis cutaneous melanoma with increased use of immunotherapy agents: a population‐based study in Belgium
Authors: Castanares‐Zapatero Diego , Verleye Leen , Devos Carl , Thiry Nancy , Silversmit Geert , Van Damme Nancy , De Gendt Cindy , Hulstaert Frank , Neyt Mattias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough metastatic cutaneous melanoma is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, innovative therapies including immunomodulating agents and targeted therapies have shown survival benefits in clinical trials. We assessed the impact of the introduction of innovative drugs into clinical practice on the survival of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma during the period 2004–2017, in Belgium. The evolution of associated expenses was also analyzed.MethodsThis is a retrospective population‐based study using data from the national Belgian Cancer Registry, compulsory health insurance, and administrative survival data. The immunomodulating drugs were ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, while targeted therapies included vemurafenib, dabrafenib and trametinib.ResultsWe did not identify a trend for improvement over time. Median survival (years) was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–1.8) in 2004–2008, 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8–1.5) in 2009–2013, and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3–2.4) in 2014–2017, respectively. In contrast, survival improved in those with unknown primary tumor localization. In this group, median survival time was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4–2.9) in the most recent period, while it was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7–1.3) in 2009–2013, and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6–1.2) in 2004–2008. The uptake of innovative drugs remained modest, with no drug being used by more than 30% of patients. Yearly expenditure was almost non‐existent, and gradually increased, reaching several million euros in 2014–2017.ConclusionPatients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 showed no apparent improvement in survival. In contrast, increased survival was observed in the subgroup of patients with unknown primary tumor localization.