bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Cerebrospinal Fluid Alzheimer’s Disease–related Biomarker Trajectories in Older Surgical Patients and Matched Nonsurgical Controls
Authors: Reese Melody , Wong Megan K. , Cheong Vanessa , Ha Christine I. , Cooter Wright Mary , Browndyke Jeffrey , Moretti Eugene , Devinney Michael J. , Habib Ashraf S. , Moul Judd W. , Shaw Leslie M. , Waligorska Teresa , Whitson Heather E. , Cohen Harvey J. , Welsh-Bohmer Kathleen A. , Plassman Brenda L. , Mathew Joseph P. , Berger Miles ,   the Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease and neuroCognitive Outcomes after Perioperative Care (MADCO-PC) Investigators
Published: February 2024

Background
Anesthesia and/or surgery accelerate Alzheimer’s disease pathology and cause memory deficits in animal models, yet there is a lack of prospective data comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer’s disease–related biomarker and cognitive trajectories in older adults who underwent surgery versus those who have not. Thus, the objective here was to better understand whether anesthesia and/or surgery contribute to cognitive decline or an acceleration of Alzheimer’s disease–related pathology in older adults.

Methods
The authors enrolled 140 patients 60 yr or older undergoing major nonneurologic surgery and 51 nonsurgical controls via strata-based matching on age, sex, and years of education. CSF amyloid β (Aβ) 42, tau, and p-tau-181p levels and cognitive function were measured before and after surgery, and at the same time intervals in controls.

Results
The groups were well matched on 25 of 31 baseline characteristics. There was no effect of group or interaction of group by time for baseline to 24-hr or 6-week postoperative changes in CSF Aβ, tau, or p-tau levels, or tau/Aβ or p-tau/Aβ ratios (Bonferroni P > 0.05 for all) and no difference between groups in these CSF markers at 1 yr (P > 0.05 for all). Nonsurgical controls did not differ from surgical patients in baseline cognition (mean difference, 0.19 [95% CI, –0.06 to 0.43]; P = 0.132), yet had greater cognitive decline than the surgical patients 1 yr later (β, –0.31 [95% CI, –0.45 to –0.17]; P < 0.001) even when controlling for baseline differences between groups. However, there was no difference between nonsurgical and surgical groups in 1-yr postoperative cognitive change in models that used imputation or inverse probability weighting for cognitive data to account for loss to follow up.

Conclusions
During a 1-yr time period, as compared to matched nonsurgical controls, the study found no evidence that older patients who underwent anesthesia and noncardiac, nonneurologic surgery had accelerated CSF Alzheimer’s disease–related biomarker (tau, p-tau, and Aβ) changes or greater cognitive decline.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Unveiling the Rare Presentation of Acetylsalicylate Overdose: Grand Round
Authors: Kohara Saeko , Kamijo Yoshito , Kyan Ryoko , Hishikawa Tsuyoshi , Okada Ichiro , Hasegawa Eiju 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This case report highlights a rare occurrence of aspirin overdose presenting only as severe coagulopathy.

Case presentation:
An 85-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with multiple lumbar vertebral compression fractures causing severe back pain. The patient had self-medicated with excessive consumption of Bufferin A containing 330 mg of aspirin. On arrival, she showed no typical symptoms of salicylate toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, hyperventilation, tinnitus, or hearing loss. However, blood work revealed a significant decrease in vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors leading to coagulopathy. The administration of 20-mg menatetrenone (vitamin K) resulted in rapid improvement in coagulation abnormalities. The patient's blood salicylate level was later determined to be 42.7 mg/dL.

Discussion:
Acute salicylate poisoning is known to cause coagulopathy because of the inhibition of vitamin K–dependent coagulation factors. However, this case is unique because it demonstrates coagulopathy as the sole manifestation of aspirin toxicity without any other symptoms.

Conclusions:
This case highlights the importance of considering the possibility of aspirin toxicity in patients with coagulopathy, especially those who are regularly consuming aspirin.
Effective factors of severity of traffic accident traumas based on the Haddon matrix: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Golfiroozi Saeed , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali , Fahim Yegane Seyede Almas , Gholami Gharab Saeed , Shojaie Layla , Ahmad Hosseini Seyed , Rajabi Abdolhalim , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the factors affecting the severity of trauma caused by traffic accidents based on martrix Haddon; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
In this study searched five international databases in this study, including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, for published articles by the end of 2022. Data were entered into the statistical program and analyses were performed using STATA 17.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) values were computed for severity accidents.

Results:
Results of study showed that among the risk factors related to the host, not using helmet increased the risk of injury severity by 3.44 times compared to people who have used helmets (OR Not using helmet/Using helmet = 3.44, 95% CI: 2.27–5.00, P=0.001, I2=0.00%). Also, crossing over a centre divider has a protective role for the risk of injury severity compared to undertaking (OR crossing over a centre divider/undertaking=0.39, 95% CI: 0.20–0.75, P=0.01, I2=25.79%). in terms of the type of accident, accident of car-car reduces the risk of injury severity by 23% compared to accident of car-pedestrian (OR accident of car-car/accident of car-pedestrian=0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96, P=0.02, I2=0.00%).

Conclusions:
It is necessary to pay attention to the intersection of human, vehicle and environmental risks and their contribution and how they interact. Based on the Haddon matrix approach, special strategies can be designed to prevent road damage. Safety standards for vehicles should also be addressed through stricter legal requirements and inspections.
Sudden Death Due to Rupture of Aneurysm of Sinus Valsalva: An Autopsy Case
Authors: Temel Dağ Merve , Buğra Aytül , Buğra Abdul Kerim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Aneurysm of sinus Valsalva is a defined as dilatation of the sinuses located between the aortic valve annulus and the sinotubular junction and mostly found in the right coronary sinus. It can be either congenital or acquired. This condition is usually asymptomatic unless it can cause intracardiac rupture or aortic valve insufficiency. Extracardiac rupture and associated fatal cases of cardiac tamponade are extremely rare. Our case is one of the rare cases in the literature that was diagnosed during autopsy. Our case is 65-year-old male patient with a history of hypertension suddenly fell ill after swimming in the sea. On gross examination of heart, there was an aneurysmatic enlargement of the right sinus Valsalva measuring 4.5 × 4 cm with a hemorrhagic appearance on the outer surface and a 0.3 cm rupture area. Histopathological examination revealed hemorrhage in and around the aneurysm wall.
A Novel Serum Exosomal miRNA Signature in the Early Prediction of Persistent Organ Failure in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Li Lei , Zhang Qichen , Feng Yongpu , Kong Fanyang , Sun Fengyuan , Xie Pei , Zhao Jiangman , Yu Hang , Zhou Jiahuan , Wu Shouxin , Zhao Shengbing , Li Zhaoshen , Liu Feng , Du Yiqi , Kong Xiangyu 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Current study aims to investigate whether serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) could be potential biomarkers in predicting APs with POF at early phase.

Background:
Novel biomarkers are sorely needed for early prediction of persistent organ failure (POF) in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients.

Methods:
In the discovery stage, exosomal miRNAs were profiled in sera from APs with or without POF (5 vs. 5) using microarrays. POF-associated miRNA signatures then were assessed in training cohort (n=227) and further validated in three independent cohorts (n=516), including one nested case-control cohort.

Results:
A total of 743 APs were recruited in this large-scale biomarker identification study with a nested case-control study. Data from the discovery cohort demonstrated that 90 exosomal miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in APs with POF compared with controls. One miRNA classifier (Cmi) comprising 3 miRNAs (miR-4265, 1208, 3127-5p) was identified in the training cohort, and was further evaluated in two validation cohorts for their predictive value for POF. AUCs for Cmi ranged from 0.88 to 0.90, which was statistically superior to AUCs of APACHE-II and BISAP, and outperformed BUN and creatinine in POF prediction across all cohorts (P<.05). Higher levels of Cmi indicated increased need for ICU admission, prolonged hospitalization, and elevated mortality rate, thus poor prognosis. In the nested case-control study, Cmi could help identify prediagnostic POF in post-ERCP pancreatitis cases within “golden hours” after ERCP with high efficacy.

Conclusions:
Serum exosomal Cmi may be an early predictor for POF in AP, even within “golden hours” after AP onset.

Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02602808)
Solibacillus palustris sp. nov., isolated from wetland soil of ecology park
Authors: Jo Jung-Hun , Lee Soon-Youl , Rhee Moon-Soo , Lee Kang-Hyun , Chun Se-Yoon , Im Wan-Taek 
Published: February 2024

A Gram-staining-positive, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain MA9T was isolated from wetland soil of ecology park, in Seoul, Republic of Korea. This bacterium was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using the polyphasic approach. Strain MA9T grew at 10–37 °C and at pH 6.0–9.5 on TSB. Menaquinone MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1
ω7c alcohol were the major fatty acids. The main polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The peptidoglycan type of the cell wall was A4α l-Lys-d-Glu. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain MA9T clustered with species of the genus Solibacillus and appeared closely related to S. silvestris DSM 12223T (97.8 % sequence similarity), S. cecembensis DSM 21993T (97.6 %), S. isronensis DSM 21046T (97.6 %) and S. kalamii DSM 101595T (96.6 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.0 mol%. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain MA9T and type strains of S. silvestris, S. isronensis, S. cecembensis and S. kalamii resulted in values below 70 %. Strain MA9T could be differentiated genotypically and phenotypically from the recognized species of the genus Solibacillus. The isolate therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Solibacillus palustris sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain MA9T (=KACC 22212T = LMG 32188T)
Immunotherapy Efficacy Prediction in Cancer: An Artificial Intelligence Approach with Unannotated H&E Whole-Slide Images
Authors: Conde Gabriel Domínguez , Qaiser Talha , Wu Evan , Andrea Carlos Eduardo de , Shields Jennifer , Artzi Ronen , RaviPrakash Harish , Irabor Kenneth , Metcalfe Paul , Reischl Joachim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping a solution to predict clinical outcomes for immunotherapy that is accurate, scalable, affordable, clinically meaningful, and globally accessible is an unmet medical need. Precise prediction of patient response to immunotherapy from pretreatment biopsy images will enable the delivery of immuno-oncology drugs to suitable patients and reduce the risk of administering unnecessary toxicity to patients who do not benefit from it. We propose an AI-based framework to produce stratifying algorithms that only need routinely obtained unannotated hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole slide images. This design choice eliminates the need for pathologist annotations, ensuring affordability and scalability. Our solution, developed with data from 418 durvalumab patients, was validated both for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer with data from 283 durvalumab patients, demonstrating its versatility and ease of adaptation for different indications. The results obtained using test data from clinical trials, different from training data, exhibit clinically meaningful improvement between those classified as positive and negative. For median overall survival (OS), the enhancement is in the range [55.9%, 198%] and [0.49, 0.70] for the hazard ratio for OS. For median progression-free survival (PFS), the improvement ranges within [39%, 195%], while the hazard ratio is within [0.46, 0.86] for PFS. Our solution complements the current biomarker, programmed death lig– and 1, for immunotherapy therapy, presenting an opportunity to develop more accurate solutions. In addition, as the algorithm was developed in a hypothesis-free approach, the analysis of the converged solution may enhance expert understanding of the pathomechanisms driving the response to immunotherapy. Its scalability and accuracy, combined with the AI-based engineering nature of the solution, bring the opportunity of being globally deployed using the cloud. Our technique has the potential to unlock opportunities not available for patients before by enabling the generation of efficient and affordable diagnoses for immunotherapy.
UniFed: A unified deep learning framework for segmentation of partially labelled, distributed neuroimaging data
Authors: Dinsdale Nicola K , Jenkinson Mark , Namburete Ana IL 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIt is essential to be able to combine datasets across imaging centres to represent the breadth of biological variability present in clinical populations. This, however, leads to two challenges: an increase in non-biological variance due to scanner differences, known as theharmonisationproblem, and, data privacy concerns due to the inherently personal nature of medical images. Federated learning has been proposed to train deep learning models on distributed data; however, the majority of approaches assume fully labelled data at each participating site, which is unlikely to exist due to the time and skill required to produce manual segmentation labels. Further, they assume all of the sites are available for training. Thus, we introduceUniFed, a unified federated harmonisation framework that enables three key processes to be completed: 1) the training of a federated harmonisation network, 2) the selection of the most appropriate pretrained model for a new unseen site, and 3) the incorporation of a new site into the harmonised federation. We show that when working with partially labelled distributed datasets,UniFedproduces high-quality segmentations and enable all sites to benefit from the knowledge of the federation. The code is available athttps://github.com/nkdinsdale/UniFed.
Self-regulation of the DNA N6-adenine methyltransferase AMT1 in the unicellular eukaryoteTetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Duan Lili , Li Haicheng , Ju Aili , Zhang Zhe , Niu Junhua , Zhang Yumiao , Diao Jinghan , Kataoka Kensuke , Ma Honggang , Song Ni , Gao Shan , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDNA N6-adenine methylation (6mA) is involved in gene transcription as a potential epigenetic mark in eukaryotes. Despite the reported methyltransferase (MTase) for 6mA methylation in several eukaryotes, the regulatory mechanisms that govern the activity of 6mA MTase remain elusive. Here, we exploited the 6mA MTase AMT1 to elucidate its self-regulation in the unicellular eukaryoteTetrahymena thermophila. Firstly, detailed endogenous localization of AMT1 was delineated both in vegetative and sexual stages, revealing a correlation between the 6mA reestablishment in the new MAC and the occurrence of zygotically expressed AMT1. Catalytically inactive AMT1 reduced 6mA level on theAMT1gene and its expression level, suggesting that AMT1 modulated its own transcription via 6mA. Furthermore, AMT1-dependent 6mA regulated the transcription of its target genes thus affecting the cell fitness, as demonstrated by manipulating the dosage of AMT1 using AMT1-RNAi strains. Our findings unveil a positive feedback loop of transcriptional activation on theAMT1gene and highlight the crucial role of AMT1-dependent 6mA for gene transcription.
High-fat and high-carbohydrate diets worsen the mouse brain susceptibility to damage produced by enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliShiga toxin 2
Authors: Arenas-Mosquera D , Cerny N , Cangelosi A , Geoghegan PA , Malchiodi EL , De Marzi M , Pinto A , Goldstein J 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundNutrition quality could be one of the reasons why, in the face of a Shiga toxin-producing enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia colioutbreak, some patients experience more profound deleterious effects than others, including unfortunate deaths. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether high-fat and/or high-carbohydrate diets could negatively modulate the deleterious action of Shiga toxin 2 on ventral anterior and ventral lateral thalamic nuclei and the internal capsule, the neurological centers responsible for motor activity.MethodsMice were fed a regular, high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet or a combination of both previous to the intravenous administration of Shiga toxin 2 or vehicle. Four days after intravenous administration, mice were subjected to behavioral tests and then sacrificed for histological and immunofluorescence assays to determine alterations in the neurovascular unit at the cellular and functional levels. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferronipost hoctest. The criterion for significance was p = 0.0001 for all experiments.ResultsThe high-fat and the high-carbohydrate diets significantly heightened the deleterious effect of Stx2, while the combination of both diets yielded the worst results, including endothelial glycocalyx and oligodendrocyte alterations, astrocyte and microglial reactivity, neurodegeneration, and motor and sensitivity impairment.ConclusionsIn view of the results presented here, poor nutrition could negatively influence patients affected by Stx2 at a neurological level. Systemic effects, however, cannot be ruled out.
Air pollution and stock market returns: actual effect vs public attention in an Indian context
Authors: Singh Anirudh , Chakraborty Madhumita 
Published: February 2024

PurposeThis paper analyzes how air pollution and the public attention to it influence the returns of stocks in the Indian context.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses firm-level data for the stocks listed on National Stock Exchange in India. Air quality is measured using the Air Quality Index (AQI) values provided by US Embassy and Consulates’ Air Quality Monitor in India. Google Search Volume Index (GSVI) of the relevant terms acts as the measure of public attention. Appropriate regression models are used to address how AQI and attention influence stock returns.FindingsIt is observed that degrading air quality alone is unable to explain the stock returns. It is the combined effect of increasing AQI and subsequent rise in associated public attention that negatively impacts these returns. Returns of firms with poor environment score component in their environmental, social, governance (ESG) scores are more negatively affected compared to firms with higher environment scores.Practical implicationsInvestors can make use of this knowledge to formulate effective trading strategies and ensure higher chances of profitability in the share market.Originality/valueTo the knowledge of the authors, no earlier study has investigated the effects of AQI and attention together to explain stock price movements. The study is conducted in the Indian context providing a unique opportunity to study the behavioral impact of these effects in one of the fastest growing global economies, which is also plagued by an alarming increase in ambient air pollution.
Individual variation in home‐range across an ocean basin and links to habitat quality and management
Authors: Hays Graeme C. , Rattray Alex , Shimada Takahiro , Esteban Nicole 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Overgrazing may lead to management intervention (e.g. culling, animal relocation) to try and prevent habitat destruction. Overgrazing leading to seagrass meadow collapse has been recorded for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at several sites around the world, although the generality of this phenomenon and the need for intervention to prevent widespread seagrass destruction is unknown.

Where turtles have degraded seagrass meadows, home‐ranges are expected to be large and turtles will relocate as meadows are destroyed. We used high resolution Fastloc GPS tracking (n = 32 individuals, mean = 171 days per individual, SD = 99) to record the home‐range of adult green turtles at foraging sites spanning 4523 km of longitude across the Western Indian Ocean. Contrary to predictions if overgrazing was occurring, we recorded small home‐ranges and turtles rarely relocated their daytime foraging areas.

Based on all locations received, the mean 50% and 95% utilisation distributions (UD50 and UD95) were 2.4 km2 (SD = 2.7) and 15.4 km2 (SD = 17.7). Space use was often particularly small at night, when turtles rest, averaging 11% of the overall space use with the mean night‐time UD50 and UD95 being 0.15 km2 (SD = 0.1) and 1.1 km2 (SD = 0.8), respectively. Variation in home‐range across individuals was not influenced by the data volume (number of locations per day, duration of tracking) or animal size (carapace length) but increased significantly as the distance between the centre of day and night areas increased, that is individuals that had a larger daily commute had the larger home‐ranges.

Synthesis and applications. Comparisons with home‐range estimates from 16 previous studies, showed that those we recorded are among the smallest for adult green turtles globally. These results suggest that despite population size increases at several major nesting sites in the Western Indian Ocean, green turtles are generally not destroying the seagrass meadows on which they forage and so management intervention to prevent overgrazing is not needed. In this way, our work illustrates how movement data may inform management decisions for green turtles. Further targeted work on the seagrass ecosystem health could help confirm this suggestion.
Endogenous rhythmic growth and ectomycorrhizal fungi modulate priming of antiherbivore defences in subsequently formed new leaves of oak trees
Authors: Fernández I. , Bouffaud M. L. , Martínez‐Medina A. , Schädler M. , Tarkka M. T. , Weinhold A. , van Dam N. M. , Herrmann S. , Buscot F. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Priming of plant defences provides increased plant protection against herbivores and reduces the allocation costs of defence. Defence priming in woody plants remains obscure, in particular, due to plant development traits such as endogenous rhythmic growth.

By using bioassays with oak microcuttings (Quercus robur) and combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we investigated how leaf herbivory by Lymantria dispar and root inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Piloderma croceum prime oak defences. We further investigated how defence priming is modulated by the rhythmic growth of the oaks.

A first herbivory challenge in oak leaves primed newly grown leaves for enhanced induction of jasmonic acid (JA)‐related direct defences, or enhanced emission of volatiles, depending on the specific growth stage at which the plants were first challenged. Root inoculation with Piloderma abolished the enhanced induction of JA‐related defences and volatile emission.

Synthesis: Our results indicate that a first herbivore attack primes direct and indirect defences of newly formed oak leaves and that the specific display of defence priming is regulated by rhythmic growth, and modulated by the interaction Piloderma. Our results show that the priming memory in oaks can be transmitted to the next growth cycle, to the leaves of the new shoot unit.