bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) and unresolved Amaranthus spp. from Brazil resistant to glyphosate exhibit the EPSPS TAP-IVS substitution
Authors: Sulzbach Estéfani , Turra Guilherme Menegol , Cutti Luan , Kroth Leonardo Vicente Ellert , Tranel Patrick J. , Merotto Aldo , Markus Catarine 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe presence of glyphosate-resistant smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.) biotypes has increased in southern Brazil in recent years, presenting the triple amino acid substitution TAP-IVS in 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) previously found in Argentina. Some of these biotypes have morphological characteristics of A. hybridus and redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.). The present study aimed to identify, through molecular markers, the herbicide-resistant species of Amaranthus from Brazil that have the TAP-IVS substitution and to analyze the occurrence of pollen-mediated gene flow (PMGF) as the source of the TAP-IVS substitution in these biotypes. Six biotypes were evaluated using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, of which two (AMACHY-S and CAMAQ-R) were molecularly classified as A. hybridus and four (AMACRET-S, AMACVI-S, ARRGR-R, and SAOJER-R) were unclassified. Interestingly, all the glyphosate-resistant biotypes (ARRGR-R, SAOJER-R, and CAMAQ-R) had the TAP-IVS substitution and an increase in EPSPS relative copy number; however, only CAMAQ-R was confirmed as A. hybridus. Although the biotypes ARRGR-R and SAOJER-R are closely related to A. hybridus and green pigweed (Amaranthus powellii S. Watson), their species identity could not be resolved. The biotype SAOJER-R also was resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides due to a tryptophan to leucine substitution at position 574 in ALS. The evaluation of 119,746 seedlings in an intraspecific hybridization study of A. hybridus indicated an outcrossing frequency of 0.09%. In contrast, an absence of interspecific hybridization (A. hybridus × unclassified biotype, AMACVI-S) was found after screening 111,429 offspring. Unclassified biotypes might be derived from one or more ancient hybridization events and subsequently evolved the triple mutation independently. Alternatively, such biotypes could have evolved from recent hybridization events, which occur at a frequency below the level of detection in our study.
Water‐Induced Mantle Overturns Leading to the Origins of Archean Continents and Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle
Authors: Wu Zhongqing , Song Jian , Zhao Guochun , Pan Zhongxu 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe origins of Archean continents and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) were important events in the early Earth. The mechanisms for the origins of Archean continents and the SCLM remain unclear. This study suggests that these events were controlled by the evolution of the hydrous magma ocean (MO). With solidification, the basal MO eventually became gravitationally unstable because of the enrichment of water. The triggered massive mantle overturns resulted in the major pulses of the crust and thick SCLM generations. The model avoids a fatal drawback of the oceanic plateau model for the origin of continents: the source of H2O needed for the formation of tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG). The model can also account for why the TTG and thick SCLM basically occurred in the Archean.
Gain enhancement of perovskite nanosheets by a patterned waveguide: excitation and temperature dependence of gain saturation
Authors: Kim Inhong , Choi Ga Eul , Mei Ming , Kim Min Woo , Kim Minju , Kwon Young Woo , Jeong Tae-In , Kim Seungchul , Hong Suck Won , Kyhm Kwangseuk , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOptical gain enhancement of two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanosheets was studied when the amplified spontaneous emission is guided by a patterned structure of polyurethane-acrylate. Given the uncertainties and pitfalls in retrieving a gain coefficient from the variable stripe length method, a gain contour $$g(\hslash \omega ,x)$$

g
(
ℏ
ω
,
x
)

was obtained in the plane of spectrum energy (ℏω) and stripe length (x), whereby an average gain was obtained, and gain saturation was analysed. Excitation and temperature dependence of the gain contour show that the waveguide enhances both gain and thermal stability due to the increased optical confinement and heat dissipation, and the gain origins were attributed to the two-dimensional excitons and the localized states.
Characterizing and controlling infrared phonon anomaly of bilayer graphene in optical-electrical force nanoscopy
Authors: Jahng Junghoon , Lee Sunho , Hong Seong-Gu , Lee Chang Jun , Menabde Sergey G. , Jang Min Seok , Kim Dong-Hyun , Son Jangyup , Lee Eun Seong 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe, for the first time, report the nanoscopic imaging study of anomalous infrared (IR) phonon enhancement of bilayer graphene, originated from the charge imbalance between the top and bottom layers, resulting in the enhancement of E1u mode of bilayer graphene near 0.2 eV. We modified the multifrequency atomic force microscope platform to combine photo-induced force microscope with electrostatic/Kelvin probe force microscope constituting a novel hybrid nanoscale optical-electrical force imaging system. This enables to observe a correlation between the IR response, doping level, and topographic information of the graphene layers. Through the nanoscale spectroscopic image measurements, we demonstrate that the charge imbalance at the graphene interface can be controlled by chemical (doping effect via Redox mechanism) and mechanical (triboelectric effect by the doped cantilever) approaches. Moreover, we can also diagnosis the subsurface cracks on the stacked few-layer graphene at nanoscale, by monitoring the strain-induced IR phonon shift. Our approach provides new insights into the development of graphene-based electronic and photonic devices and their potential applications.
Rejuvenation engineering in metallic glasses by complementary stress and structure modulation
Authors: Şopu Daniel , Spieckermann Florian , Bian Xilei , Fellner Simon , Wright Jonathan , Cordill Megan , Gammer Christoph , Wang Gang , Stoica Mihai , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResidual stress engineering is widely used in the design of new advanced lightweight materials. For metallic glasses, attention has been given to structural changes and rejuvenation processes. High-energy scanning X-ray diffraction strain mapping reveals large elastic fluctuations in notched metallic glasses after deformation under triaxial compression. Microindentation hardness mapping hints at a competing hardening–softening mechanism after compression and reveals the complementary effects of stress and structure modulation. Transmission electron microscopy proves that structure modulation and elastic heterogeneity distribution under room temperature deformation are related to shear band formation. Molecular dynamics simulations provide an atomistic understanding of the confined deformation mechanism in notched metallic glasses and the related fluctuations in the elastic and plastic strains. Thus, future focus should be given to stress modulation and elastic heterogeneity, which, together with structure modulation, may allow the design of metallic glasses with enhanced ductility and strain-hardening ability.
Self-activated superhydrophilic green ZnIn2S4 realizing solar-driven overall water splitting: close-to-unity stability for a full daytime
Authors: Chong Wei-Kean , Ng Boon-Junn , Lee Yong Jieh , Tan Lling-Lling , Putri Lutfi Kurnianditia , Low Jingxiang , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Chai Siang-Piao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEngineering an efficient semiconductor to sustainably produce green hydrogen via solar-driven water splitting is one of the cutting-edge strategies for carbon-neutral energy ecosystem. Herein, a superhydrophilic green hollow ZnIn2S4 (gZIS) was fabricated to realize unassisted photocatalytic overall water splitting. The hollow hierarchical framework benefits exposure of intrinsically active facets and activates inert basal planes. The superhydrophilic nature of gZIS promotes intense surface water molecule interactions. The presence of vacancies within gZIS facilitates photon energy utilization and charge transfer. Systematic theoretical computations signify the defect-induced charge redistribution of gZIS enhancing water activation and reducing surface kinetic barriers. Ultimately, the gZIS could drive photocatalytic pure water splitting by retaining close-to-unity stability for a full daytime reaction with performance comparable to other complex sulfide-based materials. This work reports a self-activated, single-component cocatalyst-free gZIS with great exploration value, potentially providing a state-of-the-art design and innovative aperture for efficient solar-driven hydrogen production to achieve carbon-neutrality.
Worldwide Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene population declines in extant megafauna are associated with Homo sapiens expansion rather than climate change
Authors: Bergman Juraj , Pedersen Rasmus Ø. , Lundgren Erick J. , Lemoine Rhys T. , Monsarrat Sophie , Pearce Elena A. , Schierup Mikkel H. , Svenning Jens-Christian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe worldwide extinction of megafauna during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene is evident from the fossil record, with dominant theories suggesting a climate, human or combined impact cause. Consequently, two disparate scenarios are possible for the surviving megafauna during this time period - they could have declined due to similar pressures, or increased in population size due to reductions in competition or other biotic pressures. We therefore infer population histories of 139 extant megafauna species using genomic data which reveal population declines in 91% of species throughout the Quaternary period, with larger species experiencing the strongest decreases. Declines become ubiquitous 32–76 kya across all landmasses, a pattern better explained by worldwide Homo sapiens expansion than by changes in climate. We estimate that, in consequence, total megafauna abundance, biomass, and energy turnover decreased by 92–95% over the past 50,000 years, implying major human-driven ecosystem restructuring at a global scale.
Deep topographic proteomics of a human brain tumour
Authors: Davis Simon , Scott Connor , Oetjen Janina , Charles Philip D. , Kessler Benedikt M. , Ansorge Olaf , Fischer Roman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe spatial organisation of cellular protein expression profiles within tissue determines cellular function and is key to understanding disease pathology. To define molecular phenotypes in the spatial context of tissue, there is a need for unbiased, quantitative technology capable of mapping proteomes within tissue structures. Here, we present a workflow for spatially-resolved, quantitative proteomics of tissue that generates maps of protein abundance across tissue slices derived from a human atypical teratoid-rhabdoid tumour at three spatial resolutions, the highest being 40 µm, to reveal distinct abundance patterns of thousands of proteins. We employ spatially-aware algorithms that do not require prior knowledge of the fine tissue structure to detect proteins and pathways with spatial abundance patterns and correlate proteins in the context of tissue heterogeneity and cellular features such as extracellular matrix or proximity to blood vessels. We identify PYGL, ASPH and CD45 as spatial markers for tumour boundary and reveal immune response-driven, spatially-organised protein networks of the extracellular tumour matrix. Overall, we demonstrate spatially-aware deep proteo-phenotyping of tissue heterogeneity, to re-define understanding tissue biology and pathology at the molecular level.
Different spectral sensitivities of ON- and OFF-motion pathways enhance the detection of approaching color objects in Drosophila
Authors: Longden Kit D. , Rogers Edward M. , Nern Aljoscha , Dionne Heather , Reiser Michael B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractColor and motion are used by many species to identify salient objects. They are processed largely independently, but color contributes to motion processing in humans, for example, enabling moving colored objects to be detected when their luminance matches the background. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected, additional contribution of color to motion vision in Drosophila. We show that behavioral ON-motion responses are more sensitive to UV than for OFF-motion, and we identify cellular pathways connecting UV-sensitive R7 photoreceptors to ON and OFF-motion-sensitive T4 and T5 cells, using neurogenetics and calcium imaging. Remarkably, this contribution of color circuitry to motion vision enhances the detection of approaching UV discs, but not green discs with the same chromatic contrast, and we show how this could generalize for systems with ON- and OFF-motion pathways. Our results provide a computational and circuit basis for how color enhances motion vision to favor the detection of saliently colored objects.
The role of halogens in Au–S bond cleavage for energy-differentiated catalysis at the single-bond limit
Authors: Li Peihui , Hou Songjun , Wu Qingqing , Chen Yijian , Wang Boyu , Ren Haiyang , Wang Jinying , Zhai Zhaoyi , Yu Zhongbo , Lambert Colin J. , Jia Chuancheng , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transformation from one compound to another involves the breaking and formation of chemical bonds at the single-bond level, especially during catalytic reactions that are of great significance in broad fields such as energy conversion, environmental science, life science and chemical synthesis. The study of the reaction process at the single-bond limit is the key to understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism and further rationally designing catalysts. Here, we develop a method to monitor the catalytic process from the perspective of the single-bond energy using high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy single-molecule junctions. Experimental and theoretical studies consistently reveal that the attack of a halogen atom on an Au atom can reduce the breaking energy of Au−S bonds, thereby accelerating the bond cleavage reaction and shortening the plateau length during the single-molecule junction breaking. Furthermore, the distinction in catalytic activity between different halogen atoms can be compared as well. This study establishes the intrinsic relationship among the reaction activation energy, the chemical bond breaking energy and the single-molecule junction breaking process, strengthening our mastery of catalytic reactions towards precise chemistry.
Enhancing anti-viral neutralization response to immunization with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunogens
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Parthasarathy Durgadevi , Newhall Rachael , Picard Tashina , Aback Morgainne , Ratnapriya Sneha , Arndt William , Vega-Rodriguez Widaliz , Kirk Natalie M. , Liang Yuying , Herschhorn Alon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAn effective human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) vaccine that robustly elicits broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) to block viral entry is still not available. Thus, identifying triggers for elicitation of different types of anti-HIV-1 Env antibodies by vaccination could provide further guidance for immunogen design and vaccine development. Here, we studied the immune response to HIV-1 Env immunogens in rabbits. We show that sequential immunizations with conformation-specific Env immunogens can elicit low titer but broad neutralization responses against heterologous, neutralization-resistant (tier 2/3) transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 strains. More importantly, an mRNA vaccine candidate that could mediate the presentation of a cytoplasmic tail-deleted (ΔCT) HIV-1AD8 Env immunogen on virus-like particles significantly increased the neutralization response. This strategy shifted the type of elicited antibodies, decreasing the level of binding to soluble Envs while significantly increasing their overall viral neutralization activity. The breadth and potency of neutralizing response against heterologous, T/F HIV-1 strains significantly increased in a subset of rabbits. Efficient neutralization activity was associated with high cellular immune responses specific to HIV-1 Envs. These results help to understand the immune response to different immunization schemes and will allow developing new approaches to selectively manipulate the type of humoral immune response by specific vaccination.
Biogeochemistry of upland to wetland soils, sediments, and surface waters across Mid-Atlantic and Great Lakes coastal interfaces
Authors: Myers-Pigg Allison N. , Pennington Stephanie C. , Homolka Khadijah K. , Lewis Allison M. , Otenburg Opal , Patel Kaizad F. , Regier Peter , Bowe Madison , Boyanov Maxim I. , Conroy Nathan A. , Day Donnie J. , Norris Cooper G. , O’Loughlin Edward J. , Roebuck Jesse Alan , Stetten Lucie , Bailey Vanessa L. , Kemner Kenneth M. , Ward Nicholas D. ,   EXCHANGE Consortium, Alford Silver , Back Michael P. , Baldwin Andy , Bolinger Jade , Cianci-Gaskill Jacob A. , Cooper Matthew J. , Demeo Alex , Derby Kyle , Detweiler Derek , Devres-Zimmerman Suzanne , Eberhard Erin , Gedan Keryn , Haaf LeeAnn , Johnson Erin , Khan Aliya , Kirwan Matthew L. , Kittaka Payton , Koontz Erika , Langley Adam , Leff Riley , Lerberg Scott , Malkin Sairah Y. , Marcarelli Amy M. , McMurray Steven E. , Messerschmidt Tyler , Michael Taylor C. , Michael Holly A. , Minor Elizabeth C. , Moye Brian , Mozdzer Thomas J. , Neubauer Scott , Pain Andrea , Philben Michael , Phillips Evan , Pratt Dannielle , Sage Lauren , Sandborn Daniel , Smith Stacy , Smith Alexander , Soin-Voshell Samina , Song Bongkeun , Sprague-Getsy Amanda , St. Laurent Kari , Staver Lorie , Stearns Alice , Swerida Rebecca , Theuerkauf Ethan J. , Tully Katherine , Vargas Rodrigo , Watson Elizabeth , Weilminster Coreen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTransferable and mechanistic understanding of cross-scale interactions is necessary to predict how coastal systems respond to global change. Cohesive datasets across geographically distributed sites can be used to examine how transferable a mechanistic understanding of coastal ecosystem control points is. To address the above research objectives, data were collected by the EXploration of Coastal Hydrobiogeochemistry Across a Network of Gradients and Experiments (EXCHANGE) Consortium – a regionally distributed network of researchers that collaborated on experimental design, methodology, collection, analysis, and publication. The EXCHANGE Consortium collected samples from 52 coastal terrestrial-aquatic interfaces (TAIs) during Fall of 2021. At each TAI, samples collected include soils from across a transverse elevation gradient (i.e., coastal upland forest, transitional forest, and wetland soils), surface waters, and nearshore sediments across research sites in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions (Chesapeake and Delaware Bays) of the continental USA. The first campaign measures surface water quality parameters, bulk geochemical parameters on water, soil, and sediment samples, and physicochemical parameters of sediment and soil.
Dataset of user interactions across four large pilots on the use of augmented reality in learning experiences
Authors: Domínguez Ana , Pacho Guillermo , Bowers Lisa , Wild Fridolin , Alcock Sarah , Chiazzese Giuseppe , Farella Mariella , Arrigo Marco , Ross David , Treacy Rita , Yegorina Darya , Mangina Eleni , Masneri Stefano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAugmented Reality in education can support students in a wide range of cognitive tasks–fostering understanding, remembering, applying, analysing, evaluating, and creating learning-relevant information more easily. It can help keep up engagement, and it can render learning more fun. Within the framework of a multi-year investigation encompassing primary and secondary schools across Europe, the ARETE project developed several Augmented Reality applications, providing tools for user interaction and data collection in the education sector. The project developed innovative AR learning technology and methodology, validating these in four comprehensive pilot studies, in total involving more than 2,900 students and teachers. Each pilot made use of a different Augmented Reality application covering specific subjects (English literacy skills, Mathematics and Geography, Positive Behaviour, plus, additionally, an Augmented Reality authoring tool applied in a wide range of subjects). In this paper, we introduce the datasets collected during the pilots, describe how the data enabled the validation of the technology, and how the approach chosen could enhance existing augmented reality applications in data exploration and modelling.
A global daily evapotranspiration deficit index dataset for quantifying drought severity from 1979 to 2022
Authors: Zhang Xia , Duan Jianping , Cherubini Francesco , Ma Zhuguo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDroughts cause multiple ecological and social damages. Drought indices are key tools to quantify drought severity, but they are mainly limited to timescales of monthly or longer. However, shorter-timescale (e.g., daily) drought indices enable more accurate identification of drought characteristics (e.g., onset and cessation time) and help timely potential mitigation of adverse effects. Here, we propose a dataset of a daily drought index named daily evapotranspiration deficit index (DEDI), which is produced for global land areas from 1979 to 2022 using actual and potential evapotranspiration data. Validation efforts show that the DEDI dataset can well identify dry and wet variations in terms of spatial patterns and temporal evolutions when compared with other available drought indices on a daily scale. The dataset also has the capability to capture recent drying trends and to detect ecology- or agriculture-related droughts. Overall, the DEDI dataset is a step forward in facilitating drought monitoring and early warning at higher temporal resolution than other compared existing products.
The influence of musical parameters and subjective musical ratings on perceptions of culture
Authors: Treider John Melvin , Kunst Jonas R. , Vuoskoski Jonna K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractRecent research suggests that music can affect evaluations of other groups and cultures. However, little is known about the objective and subjective musical parameters that influence these evaluations. We aimed to fill this gap through two studies. Study 1 collected responses from 52 American participants who listened to 30 folk-song melodies from different parts of the world. Linear mixed-effects models tested the influence of objective and subjective musical parameters of these melodies on evaluations of the cultures from which they originated. Musical parameters consistently predicted cultural evaluations. The most prominent musical parameter was musical velocity, a measure of number of pitch onsets, predicting more cultural warmth, competence and evolvedness and less cultural threat. Next, with a sample of 212 American participants, Study 2 used a within-subjects experiment to alter the tempo and dissonance for a subset of six melody excerpts from Study 1, testing for causal effects. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that both dissonance and slow tempo predicted more negative cultural evaluations. Together, both studies demonstrate how musical parameters can influence cultural perceptions. Avenues for future research are discussed.