bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin induces RAW264.7 cell apoptosis via the BMAL1/ROS/MAPK-p38 pathway to improve postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Jiang Wen , Pan Kexin , Tao Lin , Zhu Yue 
Published: November 2023

AimsCurrently, the effect of drug treatment for osteoporosis is relatively poor, and the side effects are numerous and serious. Melatonin is a potential drug to improve bone mass in postmenopausal women. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which melatonin improves bone metabolism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to further investigate the potential mechanism of melatonin in the treatment of osteoporosis.MethodsThe effects of melatonin on mitochondrial apoptosis protein, bmal1 gene, and related pathway proteins of RAW264.7 (mouse mononuclear macrophage leukaemia cells) were analyzed by western blot. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells and mitochondrial membrane potential. A reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection kit was used to evaluate the level of ROS in osteoclast precursors. We used bmal1-small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to downregulate the Bmal1 gene. We established a postmenopausal mouse model and verified the effect of melatonin on the bone mass of postmenopausal osteoporosis in mice via micro-CT. Bmal1 lentiviral activation particles were used to establish an in vitro model of overexpression of the bmal1 gene.ResultsMelatonin promoted apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells and increased the expression of BMAL1 to inhibit the activation of ROS and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-p38. Silencing the bmal1 gene weakened the above effects of melatonin. After that, we used dehydrocorydaline (DHC) to enhance the activation of MAPK-p38, and the effects of melatonin on reducing ROS levels and promoting apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells were also blocked. Then, we constructed a mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and administered melatonin. The results showed that melatonin improves bone loss in ovariectomized mice. Finally, we established a model of overexpression of the bmal1 gene, and these results suggest that the bmal1 gene can regulate ROS activity and change the level of the MAPK-p38 signalling pathway.ConclusionOur study confirmed that melatonin promotes the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells through BMAL1/ROS/MAPK-p38, and revealed the therapeutic effect and mechanism of melatonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis. This finding enriches BMAL1 as a potential target for the treatment of osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(11):677–690.
Functionality of Soft Wheat Flour Treated by Radiofrequency Assisted Thermal Processing
Authors: Boreddy Sreenivasula , Subbiah Jeyamkondan 
Published: November 2023

Highlights

Functionality of RF processed soft wheat flour (SWF) in the sugar-snap cookies was evaluated.

Functionality of the SWFs at RF processing conditions of 80°C for 7 h and 90°C for 2 h is acceptable.

Study demonstrated the feasibility of RF-assisted thermal processing of SWF.

ABSTRACT. Wheat flours are thermally processed to ensure microbiological safety for use in food products such as cakes, cookies, baby foods, etc. Traditional thermal processing of wheat flour takes a long time because of its poor thermal conductivity. Novel thermal processing methods, such as radiofrequency assisted processing, are poised to replace the traditional methods. However, to ensure the final acceptance and adaptability of novel methods, the performance of RF-processed flours in prepared products such as cookies and noodles is important. The objective of this study is to evaluate the functionality of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted thermally processed soft wheat flour (SWF) in the end products, namely sugar-snap cookies. Sugar-snap cookies were prepared from RF-processed, unpasteurized, and commercially processed SWFs following a standard method. The qualities of the prepared cookies, such as width, thickness, etc., were evaluated and compared. The width of the sugar-snap cookies of the RF-assisted thermal process conditions of 80°C for 7 h and 90°C for 2 h was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different from that of the unpasteurized SWF. The cookie thickness for all the RF-assisted thermally processed conditions was significantly higher than that of the unpasteurized condition. However, the color, hardness, and fracturability values of sugar-snap cookies were not significantly different at all the RF-assisted thermal processing conditions when compared with those of the unpasteurized condition. The functionality of the flours in sugar-snap cookies indicates that the selected RF-assisted thermal processing temperatures and time combinations of 80°C for 7 h and 90°C for 2 h did not influence the functionality of the SWF significantly. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of novel RF-assisted thermal processing of SWF without compromising the flour's functionality in the end products. Keywords: Click here to enter keywords and key phrases, separated by commas, with a period at the end
Origin and properties of polychromatic directional emission from sodium atoms
Authors: Akulshin Alexander M. , Pedreros Bustos Felipe , Rahaman Nafia , Budker Dmitry 
Published: November 2023

The parametric and nonparametric nonlinear processes responsible for generation of directional infrared radiation in sodium vapors, excited to the 4D5/2 energy level by resonant laser radiation, are identified by the transfer of orbital angular momentum from the pump radiation to the generated fields. We show that the optical fields generated by amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) simultaneously participate in several loops of four-wave mixing (FWM) generating new directional emission. The measured spectral linewidth of the FWM emission at 819.7 nm sets an upper limit to the linewidth of two fields resulting from ASE at 2338.6 and 9093.0 nm, assuming their spectra are uncorrelated. Understanding details of the new-field generation is central to applications such as directional laser guide stars, stand-off magnetometry, and entangled field generation.
Low-temperature multi-channel bandstop filters with ultra-wide stopbands in Fibonacci superconducting photonic crystals
Authors: Xiao Yongjun , Zhao Dong , Liu Fanghua , Ni Hao 
Published: November 2023

Multi-channel bandstop filters are theoretically investigated in superconducting photonic crystals. The photonic system is composed of semiconductor and superconductor layers, stacked according to the Fibonacci sequence. As the incident light impinges perpendicularly, several wide transmission bandgaps appear in the frequency range between 0.5 and 7.5 PHz. Each bandgap can be used as a channel of the bandstop filter, exhibiting an ultra-wide stopband of about 0.3–0.6 PHz. The cutoff frequency of the bandstop filter has an obvious red shift by increasing permittivity and thickness of the semiconductor. The stopband width decreases by increasing semiconductor permittivity and superconductor thickness, while it increases by increasing semiconductor thickness. Both the cutoff frequency and stopband width are almost independent of low temperatures. Moreover, increasing incident angles brings about wider stopband width and blue shift of the critical frequency. Our study may be helpful in potential applications of wavelength-division-multiplexed optical communication systems.
Bioassays guided isolation of berberine from Berberis lycium and its neuroprotective role in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease combined with insilico molecular docking
Authors: Ismail Hammad , Khalid Dania , Waseem Durdana , Ijaz Muhammad Umar , Dilshad Erum , Haq Ihsan-ul , Bhatti Muhammad Zeeshan , Anwaar Sadaf , Ahmed Madiha , Saleem Samreen 
Published: November 2023

Objective
Berberis lycium is an indigenous plant of Pakistan that is known for its medicinal properties. In the current study, we investigated the anti-Alzheimer’s effect of berberine isolated from Berberis lycium.

Methods
Root extract of B. lycium was subjected to acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and column chromatography for bioassays guided isolation of a compound. The neuroprotective and memory improving effects of isolated compound were evaluated by aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer’s disease rat model, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests., Levels of dopamine and serotonin in rats brains were determined using HPLC. Moreover, western blot and docking were performed to determine interaction between berberine and β-secretase.

Results
During fractionation, ethyl acetate and methanol (3:7) fraction was collected from solvent mixture of ethyl acetate and methanol. This fraction showed the highest anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and was alkaloid positive. The results of TLC and HPLC analysis indicated the presence of the isolated compound as berberine. Additionally, the confirmation of isolated compound as berberine was carried out using FTIR and NMR analysis. In vivo EPM and MWM tests showed improved memory patterns after berberine treatment in Alzheimer’s disease model. The levels of dopamine, serotonin and activity of antioxidant enzymes were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced in brain tissue homogenates of berberine treated group. This was supported by decreased expression of β-secretase in berberine treated rat brain homogenates and good binding affinity of berberine with β-secretase in docking studies. Binding energies for interaction of β-secretase with berberine and drug Rivastigmine is -7.0 kcal/mol and -5.8 kcal/mol respectively representing the strong interactions. The results of docked complex of secretase with berberine and Rivastigmine was carried out using Gromacs which showed significant stability of complex in terms of RMSD and radius of gyration. Overall, the study presents berberine as a potential drug against Alzheimer’s disease by providing evidence of its effects in improving memory, neurotransmitter levels and reducing β-secretase expression in the Alzheimer’s disease model.
Implementation and effectiveness of a physician-focused peer support program
Authors: Tolins Molly L. , Rana Jamal S. , Lippert Suzanne , LeMaster Christopher , Kimura Yusuke F. , Sax Dana R. 
Published: November 2023

Background
The practice of medicine faces a mounting burnout crisis. Physician burnout leads to worse mental health outcomes, provider turnover, and decreased quality of care. Peer support, a viable strategy to combat burnout, has been shown to be well received by physicians.

Methods
This study evaluates the Peer Outreach Support Team (POST) program, a physician-focused peer support initiative established in a 2-hospital system, using descriptive statistical methodologies. We evaluate the POST program using the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework to describe important contextual factors including characteristics of the intervention, recipients, implementation and sustainability infrastructure, and external environment, and to assess RE-AIM outcomes including reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance.

Results
This program successfully trained 59 peer supporters across 11 departments in a 2-hospital system over a 3-year period. Trained supporters unanimously felt the training was useful and aided in general departmental culture shift (100% of respondents). After 3 years, 48.5% of physician survey respondents across 5 active departments had had a peer support interaction, with 306 successful interactions recorded. The rate of interactions increased over the 3-year study period, and the program was adopted by 11 departments, representing approximately 60% of all physicians in the 2-hospital system. Important implementation barriers and facilitators were identified. Physician recipients of peer support reported improved well-being, decreased negative emotions and stigma, and perceived positive cultural changes within their departments.

Conclusions
We found that POST, a physician-focused peer support program, had widespread reach and a positive effect on perceived physician well-being and departmental culture. This analysis outlines a viable approach to support physicians and suggests future studies considering direct effectiveness measures and programmatic adaptations. Our findings can inform and guide other healthcare systems striving to establish peer support initiatives to improve physician well-being.
Biosimilar versus branded enoxaparin to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism after surgery for digestive tract cancer: Randomized trial
Authors: Dziri Chadli , Ben Hmida Wafa , Dougaz Wejih , Khalfallah Mehdi , Samaali Imen , Jerraya Hichem , Bouasker Ibtissem , Nouira Ramzi 
Published: November 2023

Cancer and/or major surgery are two factors that predispose to post-operative thrombosis. The annual incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTED) in cancer patients was estimated at 0.5%-20%. Surgery increases the risk of VTED by 29% in the absence of thromboprophylaxis. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin that is safe and effective. Branded Enoxaparin and biosimilar Enoxaparin are two enoxaparin treatments. This study aimed to compare Branded Enoxaparin with biosimilar Enoxaparin in patients operated on for digestive cancer regarding the prevention of postoperative thrombosis event, to compare the tolerance of the two treatments and to identify independent predictive factors of thromboembolic incident. A randomized controlled trial conducted in a single-centre, surgical department B of Charles Nicolle Hospital, over a 5-year period from October 12th, 2015, to July 08th, 2020. We included all patients over 18 who had cancer of the digestive tract newly diagnosed, operable and whatever its nature, site, or stage, operated on in emergency or elective surgery. The primary endpoint was any asymptomatic thromboembolic event, demonstrated by systematic US Doppler of the lower limbs on postoperative day 7 to day 10. The sonographer was unaware of the prescribed treatment (Branded Enoxaparin [BE] or biosimilar Enoxaparin [BSE]). Of one hundred sixty-eight enrolled patients, six patients (4.1%) had subclinical venous thrombosis. Among those who had subclinical thrombosis, four patients (5.6%) were in the Branded Enoxaparin group and two patients (2.7%) in the Biosimilar Enoxaparin group without statistically significant difference (p = 0.435). Analysis of the difference in means using Student’s t test demonstrated the equivalence of the two treatments. Our study allowed us to conclude that there was no statistically significant difference between Branded Enoxaparin and Biosimilar Enoxaparin regarding the occurrence of thromboembolic accidents postoperatively. BE and BSE are equivalent.
Trial registration. Trial registration: The trial was registered on CLINICALTRIALS.GOV under the number NCT02444572.
Restricción de crecimiento postnatal y asociación con lactancia materna exclusiva en menores de 1500 gramos
Authors: Bolea Muguruza Gabriela , De Frutos Martínez Cristina , García Miralles Laura Carlota , Tamayo Martínez Mª Teresa , Martín Corral Judith 
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia de restricción postnatal de crecimiento (RPC) en recién nacidos (RN) de muy bajo peso (peso al nacer <1500 g; RNMBP) de nuestra unidad, analizando el impacto del incremento de lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) y la introducción de leche donada (LD).
Material y métodos: Estudio cuasi-experimental en RNMBP divididos en dos grupos respecto a una intervención para optimizar las prácticas de lactancia, incluyendo la disponibilidad de LD: grupo 1 (PRE-intervención; enero 2016-mayo 2018) y grupo 2 (POST-intervención; junio 2018-diciembre 2020). Se registran variables de somatometría al nacer, 28 días, 36 semana postmenstrual (sEPM) y alta, convirtiéndolas en z-score y percentil según estándares Intergrowth-21st. Se analiza la evolución de dichas variables y las posibles diferencias entre grupos.
Resultados: Se incluyen 115 RNMBP con una mediana de edad gestacional de 29 semanas y peso 1235 g, 58 en grupo 1 y 57 en grupo 2. Encontramos diferencias significativas en las tasas de LME durante el ingreso entre ambos grupos (22.4 % vs. 61.4 %; p < 0.001) y al alta (39.7 % vs. 66.7 %; p = 0.004). Respecto a la RPC al alta, de forma global, un 31 % presentaba peso < p10 y 19 % perímetro cefálico < p10. Comparando ambos grupos, no hubo diferencias significativas en la RPC ni a las 36 sEPM (38.6 % vs. 33.9 %; p = 0.35) ni al alta (34.5 % vs. 28.1 %; p = 0.46).
Potential PDE4B inhibitors as promising candidates against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Giuzio Federica , Bonomo Maria Grazia , Catalano Alessia , Infantino Vittoria , Salzano Giovanni , Monné Magnus , Geronikaki Athina , Petrou Anthi , Aquaro Stefano , Sinicropi Maria Stefania , Saturnino Carmela 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an RNA virus belonging to the coronavirus family responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It primarily affects the pulmonary system, which is the target of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for which many new compounds have been developed. In this study, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are being investigated. The inhibition of PDE4 enzyme produces anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects in the lung by inducing an increase in cAMP concentrations. Piclamilast and rolipram are known selective inhibitors of PDE4, which are unfortunately endowed with common side effects, such as nausea and emesis. The selective inhibition of the phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) subtype may represent an intriguing technique for combating this highly contagious disease with fewer side effects. In this article, molecular docking studies for the selective inhibition of the PDE4B enzyme have been carried out on 21 in-house compounds. The compounds were docked into the pocket of the PDE4B catalytic site, and in most cases, they were almost completely superimposed onto piclamilast. Then, in order to enlarge our study, drug-likeness prediction studies were performed on the compounds under study.
Green fabrication of chitosan from marine crustaceans and mushroom waste: Toward sustainable resource utilization
Authors: Periyannan Kiruthiga , Selvaraj Hemamala , Subbu Balachandar , Pallikondaperumal Muthukrishnan , Karuppiah Ponmurugan , Rajabathar Jothi Ramalingam , Al-Lohedan Hamad , Thangarasu Sadhasivam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The exoskeletons of crabs, shrimp, and fish are major waste. These wastes contain chitin, an abundant natural polymer found next to cellulose. Thus, disposal of this waste becomes a huge problem for the environment; besides this, reutilization boosts the circular economy. Chitin is partially deacetylated to yield the economically useful product of chitosan and is a heteropolymer. The current study isolated chitosan from mushrooms and various marine crustaceans, i.e., crabs, shrimp, and fish. Chitosan was extracted from marine crustaceans by demineralization, deproteination, and deacetylation. Later, extracted chitosan was characterized by physicochemical characteristics like deacetylation degree, ash content, protein, color, fat-binding capacity (FBC), water-binding capacity (WBC), pH, and moisture content. The result showed that chitosan yield ranges from 13.0% to 17.0%, the degree of deacetylation range from 82.0% to 85.0%, ash content range from 0.8% to 3.0%, and protein content is below 1.0%. The FBC and WBC range between 320% and 444% and 535% and 602%, respectively. The pH and moisture content range from 7.4 to 8.0 and from 2.0% to 4.0%, respectively. Overall, results specified that crustacean waste was an exceptional chitosan source with availability and production consistency.
L’inévitable défi des dilemmes éthiques en optométrie, partie 3
Authors: Faucher Caroline , Rezk Marina , Verni Ariana 
Published: November 2023

Certaines situations placent les professionnels de la santé face à un dilemme : deux principes éthiques entrent en conflit et aucune des décisions possibles n’est optimale. Malgré les conséquences pouvant en résulter, aucune étude ne s’était encore penchée sur les dilemmes éthiques en optométrie. Objectif. Cet article conclut une série de trois articles rapportant les résultats d’une étude dont les buts étaient d’identifier les dilemmes éthiques vécus par les optométristes et d’en décrire des scénarios typiques. Méthode. Deux cent quarante optométristes ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne. Résultats. Un bris de confiance peut placer l’optométriste face à un dilemme quant à au maintien ou non de sa relation avec le patient. Le dilemme le plus fréquent concerne la facturation d’honoraires professionnels en surplus de ceux de l’examen de base. Plusieurs autres dilemmes éthiques sont préoccupants, dont ceux touchant les avances ou séductrices ou sexuelles de la part de la clientèle. Conclusion. De nombreux enjeux éthiques ont été identifiés et décrits. Ces résultats seront utiles aux instances académiques et professionnelles pour leur permettre de préparer les optométristes à prendre des décisions éthiques parfois difficiles.
To Trach or Not To Trach: Long-term Tracheostomy Outcomes in Infants with BPD
Authors: Kielt Matthew J. , Levin Jonathan C. ,   MBI
Published: November 2023

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Infants born preterm who are diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) demonstrate a wide spectrum of illness severity. For infants with the most severe forms of BPD, safe discharge from the hospital may only be possible by providing long-term ventilation via a surgically placed tracheostomy. Though tracheostomy placement in infants with BPD is infrequent, recent reports suggest that rates of tracheostomy placement are increasing in this population. Even though there are known respiratory and neurodevelopmental risks associated with tracheostomy placement, no evidence-based criteria or consensus clinical practice guidelines exist to inform tracheostomy placement in this growing and vulnerable population. An incomplete knowledge of long-term post-tracheostomy outcomes in infants with BPD may unduly bias medical decision-making and family counseling regarding tracheostomy placement. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge of the epidemiology and long-term outcomes of tracheostomy placement in infants with BPD to provide a family-centered framework for tracheostomy counseling.