bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting disability in patients attending the internal medicine departments of general hospitals
Authors: Sata Misako , Yoshitake Kazuyasu , Utsunomiya Hiroshi , Hatada Keiko , Ohtsuka Toshihiro , Sugasaki Hiroyuki , Nakane Yoshibumi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sociodemographic factors, physical factors and mental factors on the physical and social disability of patients attending outpatient clinics of general hospitals. Physical and psychiatric morbidity in 1580 consecutive patients attending the internal medicine department of general hospitals was assessed using a stratified two‐stage sampling design method. Of the total, 336 patients completed the second stage interview composed of Primary Care Version of Composite International Diagnostic Interview and Groningen Social Disability Schedule to assess sociodemographic, physical and mental factors. In this study, restricted activity days, disability days and Brief Disability Questionnaire were used for the assessment of physical disability, and Groningen Social Disability Schedule was used for social disability. Sociodemographic, physical and mental factors were all related to disability. Among sociodemographic factors, unemployment was associated with physical disability and social disability mildly. Among physical factors, the severity of physical disease was not associated with disability and medically explained somatic symptoms were associated with disability. Furthermore, the mental factor was more strongly associated with physical and social disability. It could be said that the mental factor is more strongly associated with physical and social disability than sociodemographic or physical factors. In addition, even mild mental symptoms not leading to ICD‐10 mental disorders affected disability. From the viewpoint of the patients’ burden, it is important to assess the mental symptoms as well as physical status in outpatient clinics of internal medicine or primary care.
Gender differences and reproducibility in exploratory eye movements of normal subjects
Authors: Miyahira Ayako , Morita Kiichiro , Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Morita Yoshifumi , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExploratory eye movements were recorded using an eye‐mark recorder in 48 normal subjects (24 male and 24 female). Gender differences were examined regarding four eye movement parameters such as the mean gazing time, the total number of gazing points, and the mean eye scanning length and the total eye scanning length. The mean gazing time of women was significantly longer than that of men, and the total number of gazing points of women was significantly less than that of men. The mean eye‐scanning length of men and women did not differ. The total eye scanning length of men was significantly longer than that of women. Reproducibility between sessions of the four eye movement parameters above was expressed as Pearson correlation coefficients (r) in 24 healthy adults before and after a month interval, yielding respective coefficients of 0.65, 0.42, 0.56 and 0.61. These results suggested that differences in exploratory eye movements between men and women may reflect differences in the characteristics of visual information processing and also confirmed the reproducibility of exploratory eye movement parameters.
Age at onset of schizophrenia: Gender differences and influence of temporal socioeconomic change
Authors: Takahashi Sakae , Matsuura Masato , Tanabe Eiichi , Yara Kazuo , Nonaka Konosuke , Fukura Yoichi , Kikuchi Miho , Kojima Takuya 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was undertaken to examine whether males develop schizophrenia at a younger age than females, and whether temporal socioeconomic change affects the age at onset of schizophrenia. The subjects were 848 ICD‐9 schizophrenics who were admitted to Nihon University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, during the period of 1955–64 (n = 468 (214 males and 254 females), group A) or during the period of 1982–91 (n = 380 (220 males and 160 females), group B). Schizophrenic males showed an earlier age at onset than schizophrenic females. However, the mean age at onset of schizophrenia did not differ significantly between group A and group B. These results indicate that the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia has not been influenced by temporal socioeconomic change.
The effects of prolactin on the mesopontine tegmental neurons
Authors: Takahashi Kazumi , Koyama Yosimasa , Kayama Yukihiko , Yamamoto Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn urethane‐anaesthetized rats, single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularily in and around the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and the response to prolactin applied by pressure injection was examined. Three of six cholinergic neurons tested were excited by prolactin for more than 1 min. In two of three non‐cholinergic neurons tested, prolactin application caused excitation which lasted a shorter time than that in the cholinergic neurons. The results suggest that prolactin may have physiological influences on these mesopontine neurons to increase paradoxical sleep.
Sleep–wake habits of schoolchildren according to grade
Authors: Shinkoda Harumi , Matsumoto Kazuya , Park Young Man , Nagashima Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractFive hundred and twelve students aged from 6 to 18 years were administered the morningness–eveningness questionnaire and a sleep log. The mean morningness–eveningness score decreased with grade; this decrease was significant around the seventh grade. The habitual waking time showed no difference among grades but the habitual bedtime became later with grade; thus, the sleep length on weekdays decreased with grade. The percentage of students falling asleep during school lessons significantly increased from the eighth to 12th grade. We found that a delay of sleep phase, reduction of sleep length, increased daytime sleep, and transition to evening type occurred at around the seventh grade.
Effects of small dose of brotizolam on P300
Authors: Hayakawa Tatsuro , Uchiyama Makoto , Enomoto Tetsuro , Nakajima Tsuneo , Kim Keiko , Shibui Kayo , Kudo Yoshihisa , Ozaki Shigeru , Nakajima Toru , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Urata Jujiro , Okawa Masako 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNine healthy men (mean age, 22.2 years) participated in two experimental sessions cross‐overed randomly in a double blind manner; one with a placebo and the other with 0.125 mg of brotizolam (BTZ) administered in the morning. Resting electroencephalogram and event‐related potential under oddball paradigm was recorded before and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after the administration. Mean 30‐msec bin amplitude from 240 msec to 450 msec after the stimulus was compared between placebo and drug sessions in order to observe P300. Brotizolam reduced the amplitude of P300 at 6 h after administration. It was noted that the effects of BTZ were most marked at Fz.
Brainstem function in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: The evaluation of brainstem function by proton MR spectroscopy (1H‐MRS)
Authors: Miyamoto Masayuki , Miyamoto Tomoyuki , Kubo Jin , Yokota Noritsugu , Hirata Koichi , Sato Toshihiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBrainstem function was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy ( 1H‐MRS) in a 69‐year‐old man with idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder. An analysis of spectral peak area ratios revealed an increase in the choline/creatine ratio. This change suggests that brainstem neurons have functional impairment at the cell membrane level. Further, our results suggest that 1H‐MRS may provide for non‐invasive, metabolic evaluation of brainstem neuronal function in REM sleep behavior disorder and find application in the differentiation of secondary REM sleep behavior disorders with neurodegenerative disorders from idiopathic disorders.
Autonomic nervous function after evening bright light therapy: Spectral analysis of heart rate variability
Authors: Sakakibara Satoshi , Honma Hiroshi , Kohsaka Masako , Fukuda Noriko , Kawai Ikuko , Kobayashi Riko , Koyama Tsukasa 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn order to investigate the effects of 5000 lx evening bright light on autonomic nervous function, a spectral analysis was used to assess heart rate variability in consecutive 5‐min epochs just after 60 min of bright light therapy was given to 12 young women (range: 20–21 years of age). The study revealed that a low frequency band (LF) increased in bright light conditions (BL) in comparison with controlled conditions (CL). High frequency band (HF), LF : HF ratio and the coefficient of variance (CV R‐R) were not significantly different between the two conditions. These results indicate that 5000 lx evening bright light may affect sympathetic nervous system activity in healthy women.
Is the sleep initiating process affected by psychological factors?
Authors: Komada Yoko , Yamamoto Yukari , Shirakawa Schuichiro , Yamazaki Katuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological factors on sleep initiating process. The Y‐G personality test (Y‐G), Lazarus‐type stress coping inventory (SCI), Zung self‐rating depression scale, General health questionnaire, and Sleep health questionnaire were administered to 418 subjects (mean age = 21.13 ± 8.76 years), and the data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis (stepwise variable reduction method). Self‐rating depression scale; Co‐Em, Pla, Sel scale in SCI; C, N, O, Co scale in Y‐G were significantly included in the final model. The results showed that psychological factors, such as depression, emotion‐focused coping behaviour, prudent planning to solve problems, low self‐control, small changes of feeling, nervousness, subjectiveness, and cooperativeness are associated with difficulty initiating sleep.
Synchronization between hippocampal theta waves and PGO waves during REM sleep
Authors: Karashima Akihiro , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Watanabe Mika , Sato Naoki , Nakao Mitsuyuki , Katayama Norihiro , Yamamoto Mitsuaki 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe investigated the temporal relationship between hippocampal theta waves (referred to as ‘theta waves’) and ponto‐geniculo‐occipital (PGO) waves in cats. We measured the time intervals between an occurrence of a PGO wave and the prior and posterior adjacent positive peaks of the theta wave. The unimodal distributions of these intervals suggested a close temporal relationship between PGO and theta waves (i.e. synchronization). In addition, the period of a theta wave during which a PGO wave occurred was not statistically different from that without a PGO wave. This result suggests that the synchronization found here is characterized by phase‐locking rather than phase‐resetting. Common mechanisms are suggested to underlie the generation of PGO and theta waves.
Examination of accuracy of sleep stages by means of an automatic sleep analysis system ‘Sleep Ukiha’
Authors: Hashizume Yuji , Kuwahara Hiroo , Uchimura Naohisa , Mukai Masaki , Shirakawa Shinichirou , Satomura Takeshi , Takeuchi Noboru , Tanaka Junji , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe examined the differences between the results of an automatic sleep analysis system and inspection decision. Subjects were 10 males (average age 21.6 years). One section consists of 20 s records. The sections that deviated from the algorithm could not be decided. Each sleep stage decided by automatic analysis was compared with the inspection decision. The agreement ratio of stage 3 was 91.6% in the highest, and followed by stage 2, stage 4, stage W and stage 1. The lowest was 62.5% for movement time. The total agreement ratio was 85.8%. The agreement ratios of the apnea index (AI) and the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) were relatively high, but for types of sleep apnea, agreement ratios require improvement.
Aggregated occurrence of sleep apnea syndrome in a family
Authors: Shimizu Osamu , Inoue Yuichi , Takada Kokichi , Nanba Kazuyoshi , Arai Heii 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe experienced a family in whom sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) was recognized in six members and habitual snoring in seven members among 26 subjects of four generations. In all members with snoring, the disorder was noticed before the age of 20. Hypercapnic response study showed normal findings, and ultrafast magnetic resonance image of the upper airway revealed that the obstruction of the upper airway occurred at the velopharyngeal portion during apneic episodes in all SAS‐afflicted subjects. In this family, the similar craniofacial structural abnormalities were thought to cause the aggregated occurrences of the disorders at young ages, and obesity was regarded as a contributor for the aggravated symptoms.
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep‐related breathing disorders: One‐year follow up
Authors: Itasaka Yoshiaki , Miyazaki Soichiro , Tanaka Toshihiko , Ishikawa Kazuo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe effectiveness of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty was evaluated in 28 patients (25 men and three women; mean age 47.6 years) with obstructive sleep apnea by comparing preoperative daytime polysomnography with those carried out 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. The mean apnea plus hypopnea index (AHI) in the supine position decreased from 51.0/h to 23.0/h 6 months postoperatively and 57.1% of patients showed a 50% or more reduction of AHI. By changing the sleep position from supine to lateral, 71.4% of the 28 patients indicated a 50% or more reduction in AHI before surgery, which increased to 92.3% of 26 patients 6 months postoperatively. The positive results of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty were maintained at least until 1 year after surgery.
Effect of melatonin on sleep and rectal temperature of young healthy evening types
Authors: Shirakawa Shin‐Ichiro , Sakamoto Tetsuro , Uchimura Naohisa , Tsutsumi Yasumasa , Tanaka Junji , Maeda Hisao 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe present study assessed in healthy nocturnal juveniles the presence or absence of the hypnotic action of exogenous melatonin and its effect on core temperature by oral administration of exogenous melatonin at a pharmacologically low dose 15 min before going to bed at the normal time. Both sleep latency and the number of instances of waking up after falling asleep tended to decrease, while the amount of Stage 2 sleep increased significantly. However, no hypothermic action regarding the rectal temperature for changes in the circadian phase were observed. According to those results, it is possible that exogenous melatonin has some direct hypnotic action on habitual night sleep, although the extent of this action is considered to be relatively weak.
Polymorphism of CTLA‐4 gene for major depression in the Korean population
Authors: Jun Tae‐Youn , Pae Chi‐Un , Chae Jeong‐Ho , Bahk Won‐Myong , Kim Kwang‐Soo 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study was carried out to verify the relationship between major depression and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4), which is related to immunological function such as T‐cell regulation. Among the Korean patients diagnosed with major depression according to DSM‐IV, 77 patients without neurological illness, hormonal disorder, or comorbid mental illness were selected. The stored data on 149 normal Koreans from the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Bank of Korea, were used as a control group. The data of the Korean control group were compared with those of the studies of different ethnic groups. DNA was extracted from whole blood using proteinase K and the exon 1 region of CTLA‐4 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gene typing was performed using single strand conformation polymorphism. The results were assessed. There were significant differences in frequencies of CTLA‐4 allele (χ2 = 56.472, d.f. = 1, P = 0.001) and genotype (χ2 = 46.132, d.f. = 2, P = 0.001) between the Korean population and the Caucasian population. However, we could not find any differences between the Korean and the Japanese population. There were no significant differences in genotype frequencies of CTLA‐4*G/G, CTLA‐4*G/A, and CTLA‐4*A/A between the patients with major depression and the control group in the Korean population (48.1%vs 46.3%, 41.6%vs 39.6%, 10.3%vs 14.1%, respectively). There were no significant differences in allelic frequencies of CTLA‐4*G and CTLA‐4*A between the patients with major depression and the control group in the Korean population (68.8%vs 66.1%, 31.2%vs 33.9%, respectively). Although the present study produced negative results for the association of exon 1 polymorphism of CTLA‐4 gene with major depression in the Korean population, further systematic research, including diverse clinical variables, would be necessary.
Pathological effect of seizures on the hippocampus in cases with temporal lobe epilepsy caused by brain tumors
Authors: UESUGI HIDEJI , SHIMIZU HIROYUKI , ARAI NOBUTAKA , MAEHARA TAKETOSHI , MIZUTANI TOSHIO , KAWAI KENSUKE , NAKAYAMA HIROSHI 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe cause of Ammon's horn sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy has not yet been clarified. In the present study, the pathological effect of epileptic seizures on the hippocampus was investigated in surgically treated patients with brain tumor‐induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Tumors involving the hippocampus were identified as the foci of epilepsy in 13 patients (seven male and six female) and resected after epileptic discharges were found at the hippocampus on intraoperative electrocorticogram. The mean age at operation was 29.8 ± 11.5 years and the mean age of seizure onset was 19.9 ± 10.8 years. Because only three of the 13 patients who underwent temporal lobectomy for brain tumors involving the hippocampus had Ammon's horn sclerosis pathologically, it was concluded that it was very unlikely that the Ammon's horn sclerosis was produced by the epileptic seizures. Two of the three patients with pathological signs of Ammon's horn sclerosis had episodes of coma, covulsion, high fever and cyanosis in their past histories that might have portended the appearance of Ammon's horn sclerosis later in their lives.
METHYLATION STATUS OF BCL6 DISTINGUISHES DNA SAMPLES FROM BENIGN AND MALIGNANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
Authors: JME Taylor , PR Gould , SM Cairns , DV Spagnolo , PH Kay 
Published: March 2003

INTRODUCTION: Deregulation of DNA methylation occurs early in neoplastic transformation. Increased cytosine methylation leads to chromatin compaction with gene inactivation, and hypermethylated DNA in condensed chromatin may be less susceptible to mutation and translocation. Cytosine methylation sites in non‐malignant cells are highly regulated, in contrast to the regional hyper‐ and global hypomethylation frequently found in lymphoid and other neoplasms. This preliminary study assessed the methylation status of BCL6 upstream from exon 1. BCL6 encodes a transcription factor essential
for normal germinal centre formation and for B cell development after antigen stimulation.
It is a repressor of gene transcription but its target genes are ill‐defined. In
some categories of B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL), somatic mutation and translocation
of BCL6 are frequent.METHODS: DNA was extracted from 60 lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) comprising 24 benign LPD, 30 B‐NHL (low and high grade) and 6 T cell neoplasms. The level of BCL6 methylation was assessed by Southern hybridization: DNA was digested
with HpaII and MspI (methylation sensitive and insensitive respectively),
and restricted BCL6 fragments were detected with a 32P‐dCTP radiolabelled
4 kb SacI BCL6 probe that hybridized to exon 1 and 5′ flanking sequences. Following autoradiography, the size and relative density of hybridized fragments was used to assign methylation status.RESULTS: HpaII digested DNA from benign LPDs was characterised by fragments
of approximately 0.9 kb, 3.6 kb, 3.9 kb, 4.6 kb and 4.9 kb, and using GenBank sequence
NT5962, 3 methylated MspI restriction sites were predicted. Of 22/24 (92%)
HpaII digested DNA samples from benign LPDs, the 3.6 kb, 3.9 kb, 4.6 kb and
4.9 kb fragments all had either similar density, or the latter two fragment sizes
had relatively greater density. 28/30 (93%) HpaII digested DNA samples
from B‐NHL had a decrease in relative density of the 4.6 kb and 4.9 kb fragments
compared to the 3.6 kb and 3.9 kb fragments, and one sample had a 3.3 kb fragment.
Of the 6 HpaII digested DNA samples from T cell neoplasms, 3 samples had fragments larger than 4.9 kb, 1 sample had 4.6 kb and 4.9 kb fragments having less density than the 3.6 kb and 3.9 kb fragments, and 2 samples had findings indistinguishable from benign LPD samples.CONCLUSION: This study of the methylation status of the upstream flanking region of BCL6 indicates there may be alternative deregulatory mechanisms leading
to hypomethylation in the majority of B‐NHL and hypermethylation in some T cell neoplasms.
Whether hypomethylation of BCL6 in B‐NHL predisposes to somatic mutation and translocation of this gene remains to be investigated.
THE VALUE OF HPV DNA TYPING IN THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN ADENOCARCINOMAS OF ENDOCERVICAL AND ENDOMETRIAL ORIGIN IN BIOPSY MATERIAL
Authors: M Plunkett , B Brestovac , G Sterrett , J Thompson , F Frost , D Smith 
Published: March 2003

Introduction and aims: Distinguishing between adenocarcinomas of endocervical and endometrial origin histologically can be difficult, particularly in curetting specimens with minimal material for examination. Endocervical adenocarcinomas have been shown to contain HPV DNA of certain ‘high risk’ subtypes, whereas this has not been consistently demonstrated in endometrial adenocarcinomas. The aims of this study were to look at whether HPV DNA typing could aid in this differential diagnosis. Methods: The study investigated the frequency of HPV DNA in paraffin embedded tissue samples from endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinoma specimens using PCR amplification techniques designed to detect HPV DNA including high risk subtypes 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 58. Cases were selected from PathCentre and King Edward Memorial Hospital files, mainly curetting specimens with subsequent definitive hysterectomy. All cases were reviewed by a gynaecological pathologist. Control specimens included CIN III lesions, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC's) of the cervix and lung, and colonic adenocarcinomas. Measures to prevent cross contamination were implemented. Results: HPV DNA was detected in 11 of 11 (100%) CIN III lesions, 9 of 10 (90%) cervical SCC's, 0 of 100 (0%) colorectal adenocarcinomas and 1 of 10 (10%) SCC's of the lung. 26 of 34 (76.5%) endocervical adenocarcinomas contain HPV DNA with 20 (55.6%) containing high risk subtypes, compared to 2 of 29 (6.9%) endometrial carcinomas, one with high risk subtype. Conclusions: Preliminary results suggest HPV DNA typing could be a useful adjunct in distinguishing between endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas on curetting specimens, and possibly in the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas of the cervix.
Ultrastructure of chloroplasts in‘Marimo’(Cladophora aegagropila, Chlorophyta), and changes after exposure to light
Authors: Horiguchi Takeo , Yoshida Tadao , Nagao Manabu , Wakana Isamu , Yokohama Yasutugu 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARYThis study compares the ultrastructure of the inner, dark‐habituated cells of the green ‘Cladophora‐ball’, or Marimo, to that of similar cells at the surface. Cells not exposed to light possess fewer, but larger and more irregular, chloroplasts than do the outer cells. Unexposed chloroplasts have a pyrenoid matrix lacking starch sheaths and containing unusually thick granal stacks. Despite prolonged exposure to darkness, the chloroplasts contain small starch grains. After exposure to light, such chloroplasts divide, become smaller and take on the appearance of those in the outer layer cells. Within 48 h, all of the chloroplasts develop substantial starch grains and the pyrenoids are surrounded by starch sheaths. This response is consistent with previous reports of the recovery of photosynthetic activity in inner cells exposed to light.