bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use change in coastal zones of China from 1985 to 2020
Authors: Zhang Xiongyi , Ning Jia 
Published: February 2024

Coastal regions stand as pivotal zones of interaction between the marine and terrestrial environments, holding substantial significance for both ecosystems and human societies. Since the 1980s, China’s coastal zones (CCZ) have undergone rapid economic expansion, a surge in urban development activities, and a considerable population increase, instigating significant alterations in land use along the coast. However, in recent years, studies regarding changes in land use along China’s coastal zones have been notably scarce. Utilizing the Comprehensive Lands Cover Database (CLCD) dataset, this study scrutinized the spatiotemporal patterns of land use along the Chinese coastline since 1985. It delved into the temporal and spatial variations in land use, ecological land transformations, and the spatiotemporal evolution of land use development intensity, examining these facets across provinces, municipalities, and different distance bands from the coastal zone. The research findings indicated: Overall, cropland and forest land predominantly occupied coastal zones, encompassing over 80% of the total area. Between 1985 and 2020, the primary changes involved a decrease in cropland and an increase in construction land, with a reduction of 5.97% in cropland, largely transitioning into construction land (84927.21 km2) and forest land (4218.55 km2), resulting in a 5.98% increase in construction land. Despite the intensification of land development, ecological land exhibited an initial rise followed by a declining trend. There existed distinct disparities in land use patterns among provinces and cities, with cropland and forest land prevailing in all areas except Macau. Construction land and land use development intensity witnessed significant increases, most notably in Macau and least pronouncedly in Guangxi. Variations in ecological land alterations were considerable, with Hebei and Guangdong witnessing increases while other regions tended towards stability or reduction. Each distance band manifests a unique land use pattern. Except for the 100-150 km zone, construction land demonstrates an increasing trend across all bands. Ecological land expanded initially but fluctuated further from the coastline. Land use development intensity decreased initially, then stabilized, with the 0-10 km zone showed the highest development intensity. Analyzing the spatiotemporal changes in land use along China’s coastal zones from 1985 to 2020 can offer valuable insights into the management and sustainable development of China’s coastal zones.
Clinical factors for delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae from acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a retrospective study
Authors: Gao Xin , Wei Wu , Yang Guo-Dong 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundDelayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS), which seriously affect the daily lives of patients, are the most common complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. No uniform screening tool is available for identifying high-risk groups. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore whether conventional laboratory indicators and imaging data from primary hospitals could predict the occurrence of DNS.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted in a single-center primary hospital from January 1, 2021 to May 31, 2023. Participants included patients aged &gt;18 years with acute CO poisoning. Patients with complete recovery in the acute phase were followed up by telephone and outpatient visits, and the presence of DNS was determined according to the occurrence of new neurological symptoms within 6 weeks after discharge. We obtained demographic, laboratory, and imaging data from the medical records and performed a univariate analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent clinical predictors of DNS.ResultsA total of 73 patients were included in the study, of whom 25 (34.2%) developed DNS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer duration of CO exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.262, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.069–1.490) and the presence of acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (AOR: 5.117, 95% CI: 1.430–18.315) were independent risk factors for DNS. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the duration of CO exposure were performed (area under the curve (AUC): 0.825; 95% CI: 0.731–0.918) with a cut-off value of 5.5 h, and DNS was predicted with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 66.7%.ConclusionHigh cranial DWI signal within 24 h and duration of poisoning longer than 5.5 h are independent predictors of DNS. The predictive effects of conventional laboratory indicators require further standardized and large-sample studies.
Neuroimaging characterization of multiple sclerosis lesions in pediatric patients: an exploratory radiomics approach
Authors: Faustino Ricardo , Lopes Cristina , Jantarada Afonso , Mendonça Ana , Raposo Rafael , Ferrão Cristina , Freitas Joana , Mateus Constança , Pinto Ana , Almeida Ellen , Gomes Nuno , Marques Liliana , Palavra Filipe 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS), is a common condition in young adults, but it can also affect children. The aim of this study was to construct radiomic models of lesions based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, T2-weighted-Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery), to understand the correlation between extracted radiomic features, brain and lesion volumetry, demographic, clinical and laboratorial data.MethodsThe neuroimaging data extracted from eleven scans of pediatric MS patients were analyzed. A total of 60 radiomic features based on MR T2-FLAIR images were extracted and used to calculate gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). The principal component analysis and ROC analysis were performed to select the radiomic features, respectively. The realized classification task by the logistic regression models was performed according to these radiomic features.ResultsTen most relevant features were selected from data extracted. The logistic regression applied to T2-FLAIR radiomic features revealed significant predictor for multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion detection. Only the variable “contrast” was statistically significant, indicating that only this variable played a significant role in the model. This approach enhances the classification of lesions from normal tissue.Discussion and conclusionOur exploratory results suggest that the radiomic models based on MR imaging (T2-FLAIR) may have a potential contribution to characterization of brain tissues and classification of lesions in pediatric MS.
Resting-state EEG recorded with gel-based vs. consumer dry electrodes: spectral characteristics and across-device correlations
Authors: Kleeva Daria , Ninenko Ivan , Lebedev Mikhail A. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionRecordings of electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms and their analyses have been instrumental in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). While in the past such measurements have been conducted mostly in laboratory settings, recent advancements in dry electrode technology pave way to a broader range of consumer and medical application because of their greater convenience compared to gel-based electrodes.MethodsHere we conducted resting-state EEG recordings in two groups of healthy participants using three dry-electrode devices, the PSBD Headband, the PSBD Headphones and the Muse Headband, and one standard gel electrode-based system, the NVX. We examined signal quality for various spatial and spectral ranges which are essential for cognitive monitoring and consumer applications.ResultsDistinctive characteristics of signal quality were found, with the PSBD Headband showing sensitivity in low-frequency ranges and replicating the modulations of delta, theta and alpha power corresponding to the eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, and the NVX system performing well in capturing high-frequency oscillations. The PSBD Headphones were more prone to low-frequency artifacts compared to the PSBD Headband, yet recorded modulations in the alpha power and had a strong alignment with the NVX at the higher EEG frequencies. The Muse Headband had several limitations in signal quality.DiscussionWe suggest that while dry-electrode technology appears to be appropriate for the EEG rhythm-based applications, the potential benefits of these technologies in terms of ease of use and accessibility should be carefully weighed against the capacity of each given system.
Variation in brain connectivity during motor imagery and motor execution in stroke patients based on electroencephalography
Authors: Guo Dongju , Hu Jinglu , Wang Dezheng , Wang Chongfeng , Yue Shouwei , Xu Fangzhou , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the changes in connectivity between motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) in the premotor area (PMA) and primary motor cortex (MA) of the brain, aiming to explore suitable forms of treatment and potential therapeutic targets.MethodsTwenty-three inpatients with stroke were selected, and 21 right-handed healthy individuals were recruited. EEG signal during hand MI and ME (synergy and isolated movements) was recorded. Correlations between functional brain areas during MI and ME were compared.ResultsPMA and MA were significantly and positively correlated during hand MI in all participants. The power spectral density (PSD) values of PMA EEG signals were greater than those of MA during MI and ME in both groups. The functional connectivity correlation was higher in the stroke group than in healthy people during MI, especially during left-handed MI. During ME, functional connectivity correlation in the brain was more enhanced during synergy movements than during isolated movements. The regions with abnormal functional connectivity were in the 18th lead of the left PMA area.ConclusionLeft-handed MI may be crucial in MI therapy, and the 18th lead may serve as a target for non-invasive neuromodulation to promote further recovery of limb function in patients with stroke. This may provide support for the EEG theory of neuromodulation therapy for hemiplegic patients.
Outcome in very preterm infants: a population-based study from a regional center in Austria
Authors: Konzett Karin , Riedl David , Blassnig-Ezeh Anya , Gang Stefanie , Simma Burkhard 
Published: February 2024

AimTo determine short-term morbidity and mortality rates in the first state-wide Austrian neonatal cohort and comparison to (inter)national data.MethodsObservational, population-based cohort study, analyzing data of preterm infants (&lt;32 + 0 weeks of gestation) born between 2007 and 2020 (n = 501) in an Austrian state who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Outcome criteria were mortality, neonatal morbidities: bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH grades III–IV), severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP grades III–V) and survival-free of major complications.ResultsOverall survival rate was 95%, survival free of major complications was 79%. Prevalence for BPD was 11.2%, surgical NEC 4.0%, severe IVH 4.6%, and for severe ROP 2.6%, respectively. In the extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGAN) born &lt;28 weeks of gestation (n = 158), survival was 88% and survival free of major complications 58.8%. Over time, mortality decreased significantly, predominantly driven by the improvement of infants born &lt;28 week of gestation and survival free of major complications improved.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a very low mortality rate that decreases over time. Short-term morbidities and survival free of major complications do not differ from (inter)national data in a similar group of very preterm infants. Standard operating procedures, simulation trainings and accordance to international trials may improve patient care and surpass center case loads.
Neonatal pain management practices in Somali region of Ethiopia: insights from neonatal intensive care unit providers
Authors: Abebe Dawit , Orcho Afework , Chane Jemberu , Mesfin Sinetibeb , Seifu Wubareg 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundNeonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units experience an average of 8–17 moderate to severe painful procedures per day. Because neonates lack the cognitive capacity to express their pain's location or severity, they are very dependent on healthcare providers to recognize, assess, and manage their pain. The health and development of newborns are negatively impacted by persistent or untreated pain experienced early in life. Therefore, studying neonatal pain management practices and associated factors in healthcare is critical to tackling workforce problems, enhancing neonatal care, and lowering the long-term health impacts of neonates.MethodFrom January 1 to 30, 2023, a facility-based cross-sectional study design was used at six public hospitals in the Somali region of Ethiopia. A total of 336 healthcare providers enrolled using a simple random sample technique. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. The analyses used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. To find the association between the outcome and predictor factors, the odd ratio and the 95% CI were computed.ResultThe study revealed that 35.4% [95% CI 30.4%–40.5%] of respondents reported that they had good neonatal pain management practices. Ever having undergone training in neonatal pain assessment and management [AOR = 2.26 (95% CI 1.259, 4.07)], availability of pain assessment tools [AOR = 3.05 (95% CI 1.249, 7.469)], and having a favorable attitude toward neonatal pain management practice [AOR = 3.71 (95% CI 1.525, 9.035)] were found to be factors with a significant association with neonatal pain management practice.ConclusionBased on the study's findings, there is a low level of neonatal pain management practice among healthcare providers in the Somali region. The study emphasizes the significance of having access to pain assessment tools and the requirement for healthcare professionals to get training on neonatal pain assessment and management.
Artificial intelligence and social intelligence: preliminary comparison study between AI models and psychologists
Authors: Sufyan Nabil Saleh , Fadhel Fahmi H. , Alkhathami Saleh Safeer , Mukhadi Jubran Y. A. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundSocial intelligence (SI) is of great importance in the success of the counseling and psychotherapy, whether for the psychologist or for the artificial intelligence systems that help the psychologist, as it is the ability to understand the feelings, emotions, and needs of people during the counseling process. Therefore, this study aims to identify the Social Intelligence (SI) of artificial intelligence represented by its large linguistic models, “ChatGPT; Google Bard; and Bing” compared to psychologists.MethodsA stratified random manner sample of 180 students of counseling psychology from the bachelor’s and doctoral stages at King Khalid University was selected, while the large linguistic models included ChatGPT-4, Google Bard, and Bing. They (the psychologists and the AI models) responded to the social intelligence scale.ResultsThere were significant differences in SI between psychologists and AI’s ChatGPT-4 and Bing. ChatGPT-4 exceeded 100% of all the psychologists, and Bing outperformed 50% of PhD holders and 90% of bachelor’s holders. The differences in SI between Google Bard and bachelor students were not significant, whereas the differences with PhDs were significant; Where 90% of PhD holders excel on Google Bird.ConclusionWe explored the possibility of using human measures on AI entities, especially language models, and the results indicate that the development of AI in understanding emotions and social behavior related to social intelligence is very rapid. AI will help the psychotherapist a great deal in new ways. The psychotherapist needs to be aware of possible areas of further development of AI given their benefits in counseling and psychotherapy. Studies using humanistic and non-humanistic criteria with large linguistic models are needed.
Ethical challenges in the treatment of psychotic pregnancy denial
Authors: John Roshen , Tudose Gabriel , Kuo Chin , Arth Gabriella , Wong Sammi 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is a paucity of literature regarding ethical strategies for treating pregnant people with psychosis. While not uncommon, psychotic pregnancy denial is a psychotic illness in which patients have the delusion that they are not pregnant. The authors provide a literature review regarding psychotic pregnancy denial, present an unpublished case and its questions and dilemmas, and offer recommendations for resolving the ethical challenges these cases raise.CaseA 26-year-old, single, unemployed woman of no fixed residence was admitted for suicidal ideation. She had a history of psychosis, had multiple ER visits and at least one previous hospitalization, had minimal contact with psychiatric outpatient clinics, and had been poorly compliant with treatment recommendations. She was discovered to be about 31 weeks pregnant in the emergency room. Ultrasound exams revealed no fetal anomalies. This was the patient’s second pregnancy; her previous pregnancy resulted in an abortion. Her sole psychotic symptom was the delusional belief that she was not pregnant. On the rare occasions when the patient acknowledged being pregnant, she requested termination of pregnancy. Despite intensive pharmacological treatment of her psychosis, the patient continued believing that she was not pregnant and repeatedly said she would not participate in the labor and delivery process. She disagreed with the induction of labor or a cesarean section if needed. The patient developed gestational hypertension, an obstetric indication for delivery. Induction of labor was offered to avoid potentially disastrous outcomes for the pregnant woman and the fetus.ConclusionPsychotic pregnancy denial is potentially life-threatening. Delivery of the fetus requires carefully weighing risks and benefits and thoroughly considering the ethical framework.Teaching pointsTreatment of birthing people with psychotic denial of pregnancy is complex; it requires special clinical and ethical skills to determine the patient’s level of decision-making impairment and to find a middle ground between the pregnant person’s right to autonomy and the physicians’ beneficence-based duties. Using a well-coordinated, interdisciplinary approach and a solid ethical framework, the decision to deliver the fetus while engaging the pregnant person, to the extent possible, in the decision-making process is essential.
Evaluation of the impact of “speak out” and “human libraries” educational methodologies on nursing students' attitudes toward immigration
Authors: Gea-Caballero Vicente , Pellín-Carcelén Ana , Piera-Gomar José Luís , Mármol-López María Isabel , Santolalla-Arnedo Iván , Tejada Garrido Clara Isabel , Burgos-Esteban Amaya , Rasal Sánchez María , Rasal Sánchez Amparo , Carboneres-Tafaner María Inmaculada , Juárez-Vela Raúl 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMeasuring and understanding attitudes toward migrants is crucial in Health Sciences professionals. Nursing students, as future professionals in the healthcare system, must be comprehensively trained and prepared from the undergraduate level to effectively face the challenges of caring for health and disease processes in an increasingly globalized world. Our study aims to determine the level of attitudinal change in nursing students for immigrants, based on a training intervention with sessions of coexistence with immigrants in Spain.MethodsQuasi-experimental controlled and non-randomized study, carried out in 2019 in Nursing School La Fe, Valencia (Spain), with 201 participants (74 intervention group, 127 control group). Instrument: Attitudes toward Immigration Instrument (IAHI) questionnaire. Educational techniques of the training intervention: Speak outs and Human Libraries. Descriptive statistical analysis and comparison of results between groups was performed.ResultsThe participants in the intervention group showed significant changes in attitude modification, both in the total score of the questionnaire and in 4 of the 5 dimensions (pre-post intervention medition). When comparing the differences between the intervention group and the control group, we observed significant differences in 3 of the 5 dimensions: equality principles and policies, positive favorability, and negative favorability.ConclussionSessions involving coexistence, discussion, and reflection with immigrants, as educational intervention methods for nursing students (Speak outs and Human Libraries), are useful and effective tools to promote positive attitudinal changes toward immigrants within the healthcar context in nursing students.
Incentive policy for the comprehensive development of young medical talents: an evolutionary game study
Authors: Li Si , He Lijuan , Huang Yaxin , Wang Dan , Zhu Weihua , Chen Zhisong 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionCurrently in China, there is a lack of well-defined and viable incentive mechanisms at the governmental and hospital levels to support the development of young medical talents, thereby hindering their growth Existing studies primarily investigate the current state and trajectory of incentives, yet they inadequately address the distinctive characteristics of various stakeholders involved in medical talent incentive processes, particularly the lack of research on incentive mechanisms with Chinese attributes.MethodsThis study adopts evolutionary game theory to investigate the dynamics of replication and the strategies for achieving evolutionary stability in the comprehensive development of young medical talents, considering both scenarios with and without supportive policies.ResultsIn the absence of any supportive policy measures, the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) point is O(0,0), the unstable equilibrium point is C(1,1), and the saddle points are A(0,1), B(1,0). The initial state of the system is at the unstable equilibrium point C(1,1), which means that the young medical talents and medical institutions adopt a combination of strategies (actively seeking comprehensive development and taking incentive measures). Under the scenario with supportive policies, the ESS point is C(1,1), the unstable equilibrium point is O(0,0), and the saddle points are A(0,1), B(1,0). The initial state of the system is at the unstable equilibrium point O(0,0), which means that young medical talents and medical institutions adopt (N,N) strategy combinations (inactively seeking comprehensive development, implementing no incentive measure).Discussion(1) Government incentives play a crucial role in motivating young medical talents to seek comprehensive development. (2) The level of government incentive support for young medical talents should exceed the cost increment of individual efforts. Additionally, the policy support provided by the government to medical institutions should surpass the incentive support offered by these institutions to young medical talents. This will enhance the motivation and encouragement efforts of medical institutions in actively promoting comprehensive development among young medical talents. (3) With the backing of certain government incentive policies, medical institutions implementing incentive measures and young medical talents actively seeking comprehensive development will establish a virtuous cycle of mutual promotion.