bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modellierung und Zustandsbeobachtung von Simulated-Moving-Bed Prozessen (Modelling and State Observation of Simulated Moving Bed Processes)
Authors: Kleinert Tobias , Lunze Jan 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Dieser Beitrag stellt einen neuen Ansatz zur Modellierung und Zustandsbeobachtung von chromatographischen Simulated-Moving-Bed (SMB) Prozessen vor. Ziel ist es, die aktuelle Form, Position und Bewegung der Konzentrationsprofile des SMB-Prozesses aus wenigen Konzentrationsmessungen zu bestimmen. Ausgehend von der stationären Lösung des Modells des wahren Gegenstroms wird ein Formansatz zur Modellierung der Wellenfronten vorgestellt. Die Parameter der Wellenfronten werden als Zustandsvariable interpretiert, für die ein zeitdiskretes Zustandsraummodell abgeleitet wird. Es wird ein Beobachter vorgeschlagen, der diese Parameter aus den verfügbaren Messwerten bestimmt. Simulationsergebnisse zeigen die Güte des Beobachtungsergebnisses.
Iterativ lernende Regelungen für Semi-Batchprozesse (Iterative Learning Control Algorithms for Semi Batch Processes)
Authors: Hengen Heiko , Breitel Torsten , Pandit Madhukar 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Iterativ lernende Regelungen eignen sich zur Beherrschung zyklischer Prozesse mit nichtverschwindenden Zwischenzyklenzeiten. Bei den Semibatch- bzw. Semibatch-Mehrstoff-Prozessen liegt ein Prozess vor, der sich im Ablauf zwar wiederholt, jedoch mit unterschiedlichen Ausgangsstoffen arbeitet. Im Unterschied zum reinen Batch-Prozess werden Edukte auch während der laufenden Reaktion zugegeben. Speziell bei chemischen Semibatchprozessen kommt noch hinzu, dass der verwendete Reaktor nicht notwendigerweise nach jedem Batch gereingt werden kann, sodass sich bestimmte Reaktorparameter von Zyklus zu Zyklus ändern. Der im vorliegenden Aufsatz dargestellte ILR-Ansatz behandelt genau diese Schwierigkeiten durch Einführung eines speziellen Speichers, der abhängig vom gefahrenen Produkt und Verschmutzungsgrad des Reaktors arbeitet. Das dargestellte Regelverfahren wurde als Referenz anhand des Chylla-Haase-Modells erprobt.
Regelung eines hybriden Positioniersystems (Control of a Hybrid Positioning System)
Authors: Denkena Berend , Imiela Joachim , Kallage Franz 
Published: October 2004

Abstract
Im Bereich des “High Speed Machining” werden verstärkt hochdynamische Lineardirektantriebe eingesetzt. Neuartige Maschinenkonzepte stoßen jedoch an die Grenzen der dynamischen Bandbreite dieses Antriebskonzeptes. Die Erhöhung der dynamischen Positioniergenauigkeit des Linearantriebs wird mit der Verwendung von Zusatzaktoren in einem Hybridantrieb ermöglicht. In diesem Beitrag werden der Aufbau, die Regelung und die Möglichkeiten eines redundanten Antriebskonzeptes, bestehend aus einem Lineardirektantrieb und einem Magnetaktor, dargestellt.
Mandibular Widening by Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of a Constricted Mandible and Telescopic Bite
Authors: Kita Hiroki , Kochi Shoko , Yamada Atsushi , Imai Yoshimichi , Konno Noriaki , Saitou Chihiro , Mitani Hideo 
Published: October 2004

Objective Documentation of the application of mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics. Patients Three patients with telescopic bite resulting from an extremely constricted mandible related to hypoglossia-hypodactyly syndrome. Intervention Mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis using an extraoral device and subsequent orthodontic treatment. Results The extremely constricted mandible and telescopic bite were dramatically improved by mandibular widening using distraction osteogenesis and subsequent orthodontics. Two of the three patients had transient complications; one reported temporomandibular joint pain and the other showed evidence of periodontal damage. Conclusion Mandibular widening by distraction osteogenesis is an effective technique for the treatment of telescopic bite resulting from an extremely constricted mandible.
Dental Maturation in Children with Shunt-Treated Hydrocephalus
Authors: Pirttiniemi P. , Poikela A. , Huggare J. , Löppönen T. 
Published: October 2004

Objective The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dental maturation and somatic development and to discover their possible deviations in children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus. Design Radiographs (orthopantomogram and hand-wrist radiograph) from children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus were analyzed with respect to the dental maturation and compared with values of an age- and sex-matched control group and population standards. Patients Forty-one children with shunt-treated hydrocephalus (27 boys and 14 girls) aged from 5 to 16 years (median age 11.0 years). Results The mean deviation of dental age from chronological age was significantly greater in the hydrocephalic group than in the control group. The mean value of dental age deviation was advanced in early pubertal stages but reduced in later pubertal stages. Conclusions These findings can be explained by changes in the endocrinological conditions, which are due to disturbed pituitary secretion. The present results could also partly reflect an adaptable developmental pathway in an otherwise strictly genetically determined process.
Three-Dimensional Facial Characteristics of Caucasian Infants without Cleft and Correlation with Body Measurements
Authors: White Jill E. , Ayoub Ashraf F. , Hosey Marie-Therese , Bock Mitchum , Bowman Adrian , Bowman Janet , Siebert J. Paul , Ray Arup 
Published: October 2004

Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the soft tissue facial features of infants without cleft and to report on the correlation between these with weight, length, and head circumference. Design This was a prospective study using a noninvasive three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry (C3D) system to capture the images of the participants. Landmarks were identified on the 3D facial images. Means and SDs were derived for facial distances and angles. A facial asymmetry score was calculated for each image. Two sample Student's t tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients and analysis of covariance were used to ascertain any gender differences and determine whether these could be explained by weight differences. Participants Eighty-three infants, 41 boys and 42 girls, were captured at rest with their lips apart, at approximately 3 months of age. Results Significant sex differences, of 1 to 2 mm, were found in several facial dimensions, such as face height and nose width. The larger facial measurements correlated significantly with body measurements. Analysis of variance confirmed these differences could be explained by differences in weight. There were no sex differences in the nose/mouth width ratios or in any of the angles measured, suggesting that there may be little sex difference in shape. A slight degree of asymmetry in the faces of infants without cleft was detected. Conclusions Comparisons between noncleft controls and infants with cleft should take cognizance of normal age and sex variations in height and weight that occur among infants.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Oral Clefts in a Multiethnic Population, Hawaii, 1986–2000
Authors: Forrester Mathias B. , Merz Ruth D. 
Published: October 2004

Objective To describe the relationship between oral clefts and demographic and clinical factors in Hawaii. Methods Data were obtained from a birth defects registry and included all infants and fetuses with oral clefts delivered during 1986 through 2000. Subjects were categorized as total, isolated, and nonisolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or cleft palate without cleft lip (CP). Results There were 352 total subjects of CL±P and 192 total subjects of CP with corresponding rates per 10,000 live births of 12.5 for CL±P and 6.8 for CP. Total, isolated, and nonisolated CL±P rates demonstrated no clear pattern by maternal age. The total and nonisolated CP rates tended to be higher among older maternal age groups. The total CL±P rate was higher among Far East Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Filipinos than among whites. The total CP rate was higher among Far East Asians and Pacific Islanders than among whites, whereas the rate for Filipinos was lower than for whites. The total CL±P rate was substantially lower among females (rate ratio 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.49 to 0.77) and the total CP rate substantially higher among females (rate ratio 1.52, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.06). Both CL±P and CP were more common with lower birth weight and gestational age among the total, isolated, and nonisolated groups. Conclusions Oral cleft risk was associated with maternal race/ethnicity, sex, birth weight, and gestational age. Although some of the observed associations were consistent with the literature, others were not.
Photographs of Study Casts: An Alternative Medium for Rating Dental Arch Relationships in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nollet Pieter J. P. M. , Katsaros Christos , van 't Hof Martin A. , Bongaarts Catharina A. M. , Semb Gunvor , Shaw William C. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie 
Published: October 2004

Objective To investigate the reliability of using photographs of study casts as an alternative to casts for rating dental arch relationships. Design Repeated-measures study. Setting Cleft Palate Center of the University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Patients Records of children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) (n = 49) at the age of 9 years were included. Mean Outcome Measure(s) Statistics of intra- and interexaminer agreement. Results No significant differences were found between the rating of dental casts and photographs of dental casts, using the Goslon Yardstick. Conclusions Photographs of dental casts provide a consistent, reproducible method for rating dental arch relationships in patients with UCLP at the age of 9 years and provide a reliable alternative to the application of the Goslon Yardstick on dental casts.
Seesaw Modification of the Lateral Orbital Wall in Le Fort III Osteotomy
Authors: Mavili M. Emin , Tunçbilek Gökhan 
Published: October 2004

Objective The traditional treatment for patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and midfacial retrusion has consisted of Le Fort III osteotomy and advancement. Distraction with rigid external systems allows advancement of the midface segment much more than the conventional methods. This excessive advancement resulted in the superiormost margin of the advancement segment becoming prominent. It can be felt easily with palpation and may influence the appearance of the patient negatively. This article presents a procedure osteotomy designed to modify the osteotomy lines at the lateral orbital rims and smooth the step deformity at the lateral canthal region. Results The seesaw osteotomy produced a smooth contour at the lateral orbital rim. Planned advancement was achieved without difficulty and without adverse long-term effects.
Effects of anti‐myosin drugs on anaphase chromosome movement and cytokinesis in crane‐fly primary spermatocytes
Authors: Silverman‐Gavrila Rosalind V. , Forer A. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractTo investigate whether myosin is involved in crane‐fly primary spermatocyte division, we studied the effects of myosin inhibitors on chromosome movement and on cytokinesis. With respect to chromosome movement, the myosin ATPase inhibitor 2,3‐butanedione 2‐monoxime (BDM) added during autosomal anaphase reversibly perturbed the movements of all autosomes: autosomes stopped, slowed, or moved backwards during treatment. BDM added before anaphase onset altered chromosome movement less than when BDM was added during anaphase: chromosome movements only rarely were stopped. They often were normal initially and then, if altered at all, were slowed. To confirm that the effects of BDM were due to myosin inhibition, we treated cells with ML‐7, a drug that inhibits myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), an enzyme necessary to activate myosin. ML‐7 affected anaphase movement only when added in early prometaphase: this treatment prevented chromosome attachment to the spindle. We treated cells with H‐7 as a control for possible non‐myosin effects of ML‐7. H‐7, which has a lower affinity than ML‐7 for MLCK but a higher affinity than ML‐7 for other potential targets, had no effect. These data confirm that the BDM effect is on myosin and indicate that the myosin used for chromosome movement is activated near the start of prometaphase. With respect to cytokinesis, BDM did not block furrow initiation but did block subsequent contraction of the contractile ring. When BDM was added after initiation of the furrow, the contractile ring either stalled or relaxed. ML‐7 blocked contractile ring contraction when added at all stages after autosomal anaphase onset, including when added during cytokinesis. H‐7 had no effect. These results confirm that the effects of BDM are on myosin and indicate that the myosin used for cytokinesis is activated starting from autosomal anaphase and continuing throughout cytokinesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 50:180–197, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calyculin‐A, an inhibitor for protein phosphatases, induces cortical contraction in unfertilized sea urchin eggs
Authors: Asano Yukako , Mabuchi Issei 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWhen an unfertilized sea urchin egg was exposed to calyculin‐A (CL‐A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, for a short period and then lysed, the cortex contracted to exclude cytoplasm and became a cup‐shaped mass. We call the contracted cortex “actin cup” since actin filaments were major structural components. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the cup consisted of inner electron‐dense layer, middle microfilamentous layer, and outermost granular region. Microfilaments were heavily accumulated in the inner electron‐dense layer. The middle layer also contained numerous microfilaments, which were determined to be actin filaments by myosin S1 decoration, and they were aligned so that their barbed ends directed toward the outermost region. Myosin II, Arp2, Arp3, and spectrin were concentrated in the actin cup. Immuno‐electron microscopy revealed that myosin II was localized to the electron‐dense layer. We further found that the cortical tension of the egg increased just after application of CL‐A and reached maximum within 10 min. Cytochalasin B or butanedione monoxime blocked the contraction, which suggested that both actin filaments and myosin ATPase activity were required for the contraction. Myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) in the actin cup was shown to be phosphorylated at the activation sites Ser‐19 and Thr‐18, by immunoblotting with anti‐phosphoepitope antibodies. The phosphorylation of MRLC was also confirmed by a 32P in vivo labeling experiment. The CL‐A‐induced cortical contraction may be a good model system for studying the mechanism of cytokinesis. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 48:245–261, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiac patterning and morphogenesis in zebrafish
Authors: Yelon Deborah 
Published: October 2004

AbstractDevelopment of the embryonic vertebrate heart requires the precise coordination of pattern formation and cell movement. Taking advantage of the availability of zebrafish mutations that disrupt cardiogenesis, several groups have identified key regulators of specific aspects of cardiac patterning and morphogenesis. Several genes, including gata5, fgf8, bmp2b, one‐eyed pinhead, and hand2, have been shown to be relevant to the patterning events that regulate myocardial differentiation. Studies of mutants with morphogenetic defects have indicated at least six genes that are essential for cardiac fusion and heart tube assembly, including casanova, bonnie and clyde, gata5, one‐eyed pinhead, hand2, miles apart, and heart and soul. Furthermore, analysis of the jekyll gene has indicated its important role during the morphogenesis of the atrioventricular valve. Altogether, these data provide a substantial foundation for future investigations of cardiac patterning, cardiac morphogenesis, and the relationship between these processes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The neuron–glia signal β‐neuregulin promotes Schwann cell motility via the MAPK pathway
Authors: Meintanis Stathis , Thomaidou Dimitra , Jessen Kristjan R. , Mirsky Rhona , Matsas Rebecca 
Published: October 2004

AbstractNeuregulins constitute a family of related growth factors that play important roles in Schwann cell development and maturation. We investigated the involvement of β‐neuregulin in Schwann cell migration, using a simple in vitro bioassay. Pure Schwann cells were prepared from the sciatic nerves of 5‐day‐old rats and were grown in defined medium, with or without serum, until a monolayer of confluent cells was formed. A cell‐free area was then generated by inflicting a scratch resulting in a 1‐mm‐wide gap. Schwann cell migration within the gap was monitored microscopically at given time intervals and was quantified using an image analysis system. The extent of cell proliferation was estimated by BrdU incorporation, and cell migration was quantified both in the absence and presence of cytosine arabinoside. We found that, in the absence of serum, β‐neuregulin at a dose submaximal for proliferation increased the rate of Schwann cell migration by 84%. A more moderate effect was observed when β‐neuregulin was applied in the presence of serum which, however, is by itself responsible for increased Schwann cell motility. To assess the signal transduction pathways involved in this procedure we used one inhibitor of MAPK, PD098059, two inhibitors of PI‐3‐kinase, wortmannin, and LY0294002, and three different PKC inhibitors. Of these PD098059 inhibited the neuregulin‐induced enhancement in Schwann cell migration by 40%, the two PI‐3‐kinase inhibitors yielded an approximately 20% inhibition while the PKC inhibitors were ineffective. Our data indicate that the action of β‐neuregulin on Schwann cell motility is primarily mediated via the MAPK pathway. GLIA 34:39–51, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolated human astrocytes are not susceptible to infection by M‐ and T‐tropic HIV‐1 strains despite functional expression of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4
Authors: Boutet Agnès , Salim Hassan , Taoufik Yassine , Lledo Pierre‐Marie , Vincent Jean‐Didier , Delfraissy Jean‐François , Tardieu Marc 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWithin the brain, HIV‐1 targets the microglia and astrocytes. Previous studies have reported that viral entry into astrocytes is independent of CD4, in contrast to microglia. We aimed to determine whether chemokine receptors play a role in mediating CD4‐independent HIV‐1 entry into astrocytes. We found that embryonic astrocytes and microglial cells express CCR5, CCR3, and CXCR4 transcripts. Intracellular calcium levels in astrocytes were found to increase following application of RANTES, MIP‐1β (CCR5‐agonist), SDF‐1α (CXCR4‐agonist), but not eotaxin (CCR3‐agonist). In microglial cells, eotaxin was also able to modulate internal calcium homeostasis. CD4 was not present at the cell surface of purified astrocytes but CD4 mRNA could be detected by RT‐PCR. Neither HIV‐19533 (R5 isolate) nor HIV‐1LAI (X4 isolate) penetrated into purified astrocytes. In contrast, mixed CNS cell cultures were infected by HIV‐19533 and this was inhibited by anti‐CD4 mAb in 4/4 tested cultures and by anti‐CCR5 mAb in 2/4. Thus, the HIV‐1 R5 strain requires CD4 to penetrate into brain cells, suggesting that CCR5 cannot be used as the primary receptor for M‐tropic HIV‐1 strains in astrocytes. Moreover, inconstant inhibition of HIV‐1 entry by anti‐CCR5 mAb supports the existence of alternative coreceptors for penetration of M‐tropic isolates into brain cells. GLIA 34:165–177, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Opioid system diversity in developing neurons, astroglia, and oligodendroglia in the subventricular zone and striatum: Impact on gliogenesis in vivo
Authors: Stiene‐Martin Anne , Knapp Pamela E. , Martin Kenneth , Gurwell Julie A. , Ryan Shawn , Thornton Suzanne R. , Smith Forrest L. , Hauser Kurt F. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAccumulating evidence, obtained largely in vitro, indicates that opioids regulate the genesis of neurons and glia and their precursors in the nervous system. Despite this evidence, few studies have assessed opioid receptor expression in identified cells within germinal zones or examined opioid effects on gliogenesis in vivo. To address this question, the role of opioids was explored in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and/or striatum of 2–5‐day‐old and/or adult ICR mice. The results showed that subpopulations of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes in the SVZ and striatum differentially express μ‐, δ‐, and/or κ‐receptor immunoreactivity in a cell type‐specific and developmentally regulated manner. In addition, DNA synthesis was assessed by examining 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into glial and nonglial precursors. Morphine (a preferential μ‐agonist) significantly decreased the number of BrdU‐labeled GFAP+ cells compared with controls or mice co‐treated with naltrexone plus morphine. Alternatively, in S100β+ cells, morphine did not significantly decrease BrdU incorporation; however, significant differences were noted between mice treated with morphine and those treated with morphine plus naltrexone. Most cells were GFAP−/S100β−. When BrdU incorporation was assessed within the total population (glia and nonglia), morphine had no net effect, but naltrexone alone markedly increased BrdU incorporation. This finding suggests that DNA synthesis in GFAP−/S100β− cells is tonically suppressed by endogenous opioids. Assuming that S100β and GFAP, respectively, distinguish among younger and older astroglia, this implies that astroglial replication becomes increasingly sensitive to morphine during maturation, and suggests that opioids differentially regulate the development of distinct subpopulations of glia and glial precursors. GLIA 36:78–88, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A role for left temporal pole in the retrieval of words for unique entities
Authors: Grabowski Thomas J. , Damasio Hanna , Tranel Daniel , Ponto Laura L. Boles , Hichwa Richard D. , Damasio Antonio R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractBoth lesion and functional imaging studies have implicated sectors of high‐order association cortices of the left temporal lobe in the retrieval of words for objects belonging to varied conceptual categories. In particular, the cortices located in the left temporal pole have been associated with naming unique persons from faces. Because this neuroanatomical‐behavioral association might be related to either the specificity of the task (retrieving a name at unique level) or to the possible preferential processing of faces by anterior temporal cortices, we performed a PET imaging experiment to test the hypothesis that the effect is related to the specificity of the word retrieval task. Normal subjects were asked to name at unique level entities from two conceptual categories: famous landmarks and famous faces. In support of the hypothesis, naming entities in both categories was associated with increases in activity in the left temporal pole. No main effect of category (faces vs. landmarks/buildings) or interaction of task and category was found in the left temporal pole. Retrieving names for unique persons and for names for unique landmarks activate the same brain region. These findings are consistent with the notion that activity in the left temporal pole is linked to the level of specificity of word retrieval rather than the conceptual class to which the stimulus belongs. Hum. Brain Mapping 13:199–212, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.