bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in phenolic compounds, colour and antioxidant activity in industrial red myrtle liqueurs during storage
Authors: Vacca Vincenzo , Piga Antonio , Del Caro Alessandra , Fenu Paolo A. M. , Agabbio Mario 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe results of a study on the evolution of phenolic compounds, colour and antioxidant activity in two industrial red myrtle liqueurs during storage in bottles under different bottle headspace (constant or increasing) and exposure to light are reported. In the year of the study, the phenolic compounds showed considerable changes even in the liqueurs stored with constant headspace. The anthocyanins in particular, both free and combined, tended to decrease. As expected, the same phenomena were observed in an accelerated form in the product stored in bottles with increasing headspace. The colour, evaluated according to the classic spectrophotometric parameters of intensity and hue, showed marked variability, especially in samples in which headspace was progressively increased. The two liqueurs showed antioxidant capacity values, expressed as mM of Trolox, comparable to those of red wine. They significantly decreased during storage in the bottles with increasing headspace, while values remained almost constant in the others.
Bayesian analysis of fractionally integrated ARMA with additive noise
Authors: Hsu Nan‐Jung , Breidt F. Jay 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA new sampling‐based Bayesian approach for fractionally integrated autoregressive moving average (ARFIMA) processes is presented. A particular type of ARMA process is used as an approximation for the ARFIMA in a Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, and then importance sampling is used to adjust for the approximation error. This algorithm is relatively time‐efficient because of fast convergence in the sampling procedures and fewer computations than competitors. Its frequentist properties are investigated through a simulation study. The performance of the posterior means is quite comparable to that of the maximum likelihood estimators for small samples, but the algorithm can be extended easily to a variety of related processes, including ARFIMA plus short‐memory noise. The methodology is illustrated using the Nile River data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An evaluation of tests of distributional forecasts
Authors: Noceti Pablo , Smith Jeremy , Hodges Stewart 
Published: December 2003

AbstractOne popular method for testing the validity of a model's forecasts is to use the probability integral transforms (pits) of the forecasts and to test for departures from the dual hypotheses of independence and uniformity, with departures from uniformity tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic. This paper investigates the power of five statistics (including the KS statistic) to reject uniformity of the pits in the presence of misspecification in the mean, variance, skewness or kurtosis of the forecast errors. The KS statistic has the lowest power of the five statistics considered and is always dominated by the Anderson and Darling statistic. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate‐mediated signal transduction in rat cortical oligodendrocytes
Authors: Yu Naichen , Lariosa‐Willingham Karen D. , Lin Fen‐Fen , Webb Michael , Rao Tadimeti S. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) have been proposed to play a key role in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelinogenesis. In this study, we examined lysophospholipid receptor gene expression in differentiated rat oligodendrocyte cultures and signaling downstream of lysophospholipid receptor activation by LPA and S1P. Differentiated oligodendrocytes express mRNAs encoding lysophospholipid receptors with the relative abundance of lpa1 > s1p5 > s1p1 = s1p2 = lpa3 > s1p3. LPA and S1P transiently increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) with EC50 values of 956 and 168 nM, respectively. LPA‐ and S1P‐induced ERK phosphorylation was dependent on the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C (PLC), and protein kinase C (PKC), but was insensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX). LPA increased intracellular calcium levels in oligodendrocytes and these increases were partially blocked by a PLC inhibitor but not by PTX. In contrast, S1P was not found to induce measurable changes of intracellular calcium. These results taken together suggest that lysophospholipid receptor activation involves receptor coupling to heterotrimeric Gq subunits with consequent activation of PLC, PKC, and MAPK pathways leading to ERK phosphorylation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Microglia, a potential source of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes
Authors: Yokoyama Akiko , Yang Lihua , Itoh Suzuka , Mori Kohji , Tanaka Junya 
Published: December 2003

AbstractMicroglia are considered the only cell population of mesodermal origin in the brain, although their role is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that rat primary microglial cells expressed nestin, A2B5, and O4 antigens, which are markers for oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Based on these findings, we investigated whether microglial cells generated neurons or macroglial cells. Purified microglial cells were cultured in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum for 3 days, followed by culture in the presence of 70% serum for 2 days. During the two‐step culture, microglial cells became highly proliferative and strongly expressed inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) genes, indicative of dedifferentiation of the cells. The dedifferentiated cells also expressed transcription factors that promote differentiation into neurons or macroglial cells. When the dedifferentiated cells were transferred into serum‐free medium on poly‐L‐lysine‐coated substrate, a substantial number of the cells rapidly turned into long process‐bearing cells, which expressed microtubule‐associated protein 2, synapsin I, neurofilament proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, or galactocerebroside. When microglial cells were fluorescently labeled through acetylated low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors or by a phagocytosis‐dependent mechanism, fluorescence‐bearing neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes were observed. Neurospheres, aggregates of neural stem cells, expressed Musashi 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor, but the microglia‐derived cells did not. These results suggest a novel role of microglia as multipotential stem cells to give rise to neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Solvatochromic Analysis of Partition Coefficients in the o‐Nitrophenyl Octyl Ether (o‐NPOE)/Water System
Authors: Liu Xiangli , Bouchard Géraldine , Müller Nathalie , Galland Alexandra , Girault Hubert , Testa Bernard , Carrupt Pierre‐Alain 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe objective of this study was to unravel the structural properties responsible for the partitioning of solutes in o‐nitrophenyl octyl ether (o‐NPOE)/H2O, a new solvent system for the determination of the partition coefficients of ions. A set of 88 compounds (including drugs) was selected to allow a regular and broad distribution of property spaces. Partition coefficients in o‐NPOE/H2O (log Pnpoe) were measured by the shake‐flask or the potentiometric method. Linear solvation free‐energy relationship (LSER) analyses showed that Van der Waals volume, H‐bond‐acceptor basicity, and H‐bond‐donor acidity are the three molecular descriptors of solutes determining their log Pnpoe values. The partitioning mechanism of the investigated compounds in o‐NPOE/H2O is controlled by the same structural properties as it is in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE)/H2O. Δlog Poct−npoe Values (difference between log Poct and log Pnpoe) express mainly dipolarity/polarizability and H‐bond‐donor acidity. The solvent o‐NPOE is shown to be a good candidate to replace DCE in measurements of lipophilicity.
Cyclic Peptidomimetics Derived from the Apical Membrane Antigen I of Plasmodium falciparum and Their Use in Malaria Vaccine Design
Authors: Renard Annabelle , Mueller Markus , Zurbriggen Rinaldo , Pluschke Gerd , Robinson John A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA library of 35 cyclic peptidomimetics has been prepared, by a combination of solid‐ and solution‐phase methods, which, together, scan amino acid residues 444–489 in a protruding loop in the subdomain‐III of the apical membrane antigen‐I (AMA‐I), an integral membrane protein found on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites. The mimetics each contain twelve residues from AMA‐I linked through the N‐ and C‐termini to a β‐hairpin‐inducing template, comprising the dipeptide D‐proline‐L‐Apro (Apro=cis‐4‐amino‐L‐proline). These peptidomimetics were each coupled via the 4‐amino group to a phospholipid, which allows their incorporation into reconstituted influenza virus‐like particles (virosomes) for immunization of mice, as well as their use in ELISA to characterize epitopes recognized by anti‐AMA‐I growth‐inhibitory monoclonal antibodies.
Functionalized and Partially or Differentially Bridged Resorcin[4]arene Cavitands: Synthesis and Solid‐State Structures
Authors: Azov Vladimir A. , Skinner Philip J. , Yamakoshi Yoko , Seiler Paul , Gramlich Volker , Diederich François 
Published: December 2003

AbstractWe report the synthesis and structural characterization of modified Cram‐type, resorcin[4]arene‐based cavitands. Two main loci on the cavitand backbone were selected for structural modification: the upper part (wall domain) and the lower part (legs). Synthesis of unsymmetrically bridged cavitands with different wall components (i.e., 7, 8, and 14–18) was performed by stepwise bridging of the four couples of neighboring, H‐bonded OH‐groups of octol 1a (Schemes 1, 2, 4, and 5). Cavitands with modified legs (i.e., 20, 24, 27, and 28), targeted for surface immobilization, were synthesized by short routes starting from suitable aldehyde starting materials incorporating either the fully preformed leg moieties or functional precursors to the final legs (Schemes 7–10). The new cavitand substitution patterns described in this paper should enable the construction of a wide variety of functional architectures in the future. X‐Ray crystallography afforded the characterization of cavitands 2c (Fig. 3) and 24 (Fig. 7) in the vase conformation, with 2c featuring a well‐ordered CH2Cl2 guest molecule in its cavity. A particular highlight is the X‐ray crystal‐structure determination of octanitro derivative 19 (Scheme 6), which, for the first time, shows a cavitand, lacking substituents in the ortho‐position to the two O‐atoms of the four resorcinol moieties, in the kite‐conformation (Fig. 5).
Oligodeoxynucleotide Duplexes Containing (5′S)‐5′‐C‐Alkyl‐Modified 2′‐Deoxynucleosides: Can an Alkyl Zipper across the DNA Minor‐Groove Enhance Duplex Stability?
Authors: Trafelet Huldreich , Parel Serge P. , Leumann Christian J. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA series of oligonucleotides containing (5′S)‐5′‐C‐butyl‐ and (5′S)‐5′‐C‐isopentyl‐substituted 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides were designed, prepared, and characterized with the intention to explore alkyl‐zipper formation between opposing alkyl chains across the minor groove of oligonucleotide duplexes as a means to modulate DNA‐duplex stability. From four possible arrangements of the alkyl groups that differ in the density of packing of the alkyl chains across the minor groove, three (duplex types I–III, Fig. 2) could experimentally be realized and their duplex‐forming properties analyzed by UV‐melting curves, CD spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), as well as by molecular modeling. The results show that all arrangements of alkyl residues within the minor groove of DNA are thermally destabilizing by 1.5–3°/modification in Tm. We found that, within the proposed duplexes with more loosely packed alkyl groups (type‐III duplexes), accommodation of alkyl residues without extended distorsion of the helical parameters of B‐DNA is possible but does not lead to higher thermodynamic stability. The more densely packed and more unevenly distributed arrangement (type‐II duplexes) seems to suffer from ecliptic positioning of opposite alkyl groups, which might account for a systematic negative contribution to stability due to steric interactions. The decreased stability in the type‐III duplexes described here may be due either to missing hydrophobic interactions of the alkyl groups (not bulky enough to make close contacts), or to an overcompensation of favorable alkyl‐zipper formation presumably by loss of structured H2O in the minor groove.
The Use of Butane Diacetals of Glycolic Acid as Precursors for the Synthesis of the Phytotoxic Calmodulin Inhibitor Herbarumin II
Authors: Díez Elena , Dixon Darren J. , Ley Steven V. , Polara Alessandra , Rodríguez Felix 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe total synthesis of phytotoxic nonenolide herbarumin II (1) has been achieved by implementation of butane diacetal (BDA)‐desymmetrised glycolate building blocks. Three of the four stereogenic centres present in the key coupling fragments were generated from both enantiomeric forms of the BDA building block in highly diastereoselective alkylation and aldol reactions.
Suicide Inactivation of Dioldehydrase by 2‐Chloroacetaldehyde: Formation of the ‘cis‐Ethanesemidione’ Radical, and the Role of a Monovalent Cation
Authors: Schwartz Phillip , LoBrutto Russell , Reed George H. , Frey Perry A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDioldehydrase is an adenosylcobalamin‐dependent enzyme that catalyzes the dehydration of (R)‐ or (S)‐propane‐1,2‐diol to propanal. The reaction proceeds by a radical mechanism initiated by the homolytic scission of the covalent CoC(5′) bond in the coenzyme to form cob(II)alamin and the 5‐deoxyadenosyl radical as transient intermediates. Dioldehydrase is subject to ‘suicide inactivation’ by substrate/product analogs. Inactivation by 2‐chloroacetaldehyde converts the inactivator into the ‘cis‐ethanesemidione’ radical. A mechanism for this process includes reaction of chloroacetaldehyde in the reverse of the normal catalytic process to a rearranged radical that eliminates HCl. K+ and other monovalent cations of similar size, including Tl+, are required for dioldehydrase activity and for suicide inactivation by glycolaldehyde or 2‐chloroacetaldehyde. A K+ ion is bound to propane‐1,2‐diol in dioldehydrase. Both EPR and pulsed‐EPR experiments show that the magnetic nuclei of thallous ions (203Tl+, 205Tl+) do not interact with the unpaired electron in the cis‐ethanesemidione radical at the active site of dioldehydrase. Pulsed‐EPR experiments implicate a 14NH group, possibly of His143, interacting with the radical at the active site.
Isoquinuclidine Mimics of β‐D‐Glucopyranosides: Differences and Similarities in the Mechanism of Action of some β‐D‐Glucosidases and a β‐D‐Mannosidase
Authors: Böhm Matthias , Lorthiois Edwige , Meyyappan Muthuppalaniappan , Vasella Andrea 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe D‐gluco‐isoquinuclidines 3 and 4 were prepared and tested as inhibitors of the β‐glucosidases from Caldocellum saccharolyticum and from sweet almonds; the results are compared to the inhibition of snail β‐mannosidase by the D‐manno‐isoquinuclidines 1 and 2. Exploratory experiments in the racemic series showed that treatment of the ester epoxide 6 with benzyl alcoholates leads only to epimerisation, transesterification, and formation of the cyclopropane 9. Ring opening of the reduced epoxide 13 by NaN3 proceeded regioselectively to provide 14. Treatment of the C(6)O‐triflate 16 with AcOCs induced a rearrangement; the reaction with NaN3 gave the C(5)‐azido derivative 14. The acetoxy triflate 18, however, reacted with AcOCs to provide the desired gluco‐isoquinuclidine 19. Similarly, the enantiomerically pure acetoxy triflate 22 provided the D‐gluco‐isoquinuclidine 24, which was reduced and deprotected to provide 3 and 4. The deoxy analogues 30 and 31 were obtained by reductive deiodination of the iodide 27, derived from 22. The D‐gluco‐isoquinuclidines 3, 4, 30, and 31 are much weaker inhibitors of β‐glucosidases than the D‐manno‐analogues 1 and 2 of snail β‐mannosidase. The N‐benzyl derivative 3 is a weaker inhibitor than the N‐unsubstituted analogue in the gluco‐series, while it is a much stronger inhibitor in the manno‐series. A consideration of the pKHA values of the isoquinuclidines 1–4 and the pH value of the enzyme assays suggests that the D‐gluco‐isoquinuclidines are poor mimics of the shape of a reactive, enzyme‐bound gluco‐conformer, while the D‐manno‐analogues are reasonably good mimics of a reactive, enzyme‐bound manno‐conformer. The inhibition results may also suggest that the glycosidase induced lengthening of the scissile bond and rehybridisation of the anomeric centre are more strongly correlated with the change of the ground‐state conformation during hydrolysis of β‐D‐glucopyranosides than of β‐D‐mannopyranosides.
Supervisory coaching behavior, employee satisfaction, and warehouse employee performance: A dyadic perspective in the distribution industry
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Ellinger Alexander E. , Keller Scott B. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCoaching has received considerable attention in recent years as the responsibility for employees' learning
and development has been increasingly devolved to line managers. Yet there exists little published empirical
research that measures specific coaching behaviors of line managers or examines the linkages between line
managers' coaching behavior and employee performance. This survey study integrates the perceptions of
supervisors and their respective employees to examine supervisory coaching behavior in an industrial context and to
assess its association with employee job satisfaction and performance. Findings suggest that supervisory coaching
behavior is positively associated with employees' job satisfaction and performance. Implications for research
and practice are presented.
Effects of maternal inattentiveness on infant social referencing
Authors: Stenberg Gunilla 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe aim of the study was to clarify the meaning of infant looking behaviour when the infant is confronted with an ambiguous situation in order to disentangle the two processes social referencing and attachment. Ninety‐six 12‐month‐olds, presented with an ambiguous or an unambiguous toy, were assigned to one of four conditions; mother inattentive, mother conveyed positive information, and mother conveyed negative information about the ambiguous toy. In the fourth condition (control condition), an unambiguous toy was presented (mother inattentive). The ambiguous situation elicited more referencing looks than the unambiguous situation. During the presentation of the ambiguous toy, infants with inattentive mothers referenced the experimenter more than infants whose mothers provided guidance. In the following free‐play situation, infants in the inattentive group referenced mother to a higher degree than did the other infants. They played less with the toy than infants who had received positive information and infants in the control group, and were less eager to explore the surroundings than infants in the other three groups. When mother turned attentive the infants ceased referencing her and showed an interest in exploring. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of family environment and child temperament on work/family role strain for mothers and fathers
Authors: Lee Marceline , Vernon‐Feagans Lynne , Vazquez Arcel , Kolak Amy 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis study examined the additive effect of structural variables, child characteristics, and the family environment on mothers' and fathers' work/family role strain. Differences between mothers and fathers on these variables were also examined. The sample consisted of 36 dualearner families whose children had been in daycare from infancy through 4 years of age. Structural variables included work schedules and time spent with child for mothers only, fathers only, and both parents together with child. Child characteristics included temperament and health. Family environment variables included different components of the family environment (conflict, cohesion, expressiveness, organization, and control) and parenting daily hassles. Results showed that mothers' time with child and caregiving for child were greater than fathers'. Mothers reported more expressiveness in the family and more daily hassles with children than fathers. Mothers' level of role strain was also significantly higher than fathers'. For mothers, role strain was associated with hours away from home, child sociability, family conflict, and daily hassles resulting in an R2 of 0.57. Fathers' role strain was associated with family expressiveness, organization, and their wives' daily hassles resulting in an R2 of 0.37. Data suggest that mothers' and fathers' role strain may be driven by somewhat different factors. For women, aspects of the family and the child and work hours accounted for a considerable portion of the variance while for men, only aspects of the family environment were associated with their level of role strain. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new statutory director’s duty for Australia — a ‘duty’ to be concerned about employee entitlements in the insolvent corporation
Authors: Symes Christopher F. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractAustralia has introduced legislation that is aimed at preventing a person from entering into agreements or conducting transactions with the intention of defeating the recovery of employee entitlements. It is essentially aimed at directors and their behaviour in the pre‐appointment period. This paper discusses the history leading up to such a legislative move and the likely benign impact now that the Corporations Act in Australia prohibits such behaviour. Further, the paper argues that mooted changes to the legislation giving employees a ‘maximum priority’ ahead of secured creditors is unnecessary. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International labour migration and quality of life: findings from rural Thailand
Authors: Jones Huw , Kittisuksathit Sirinan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper provides one of the few detailed case studies of the costs and benefits of international labour migration within the East Asian labour‐market system that developed rapidly in the 1990s. Analysis focuses on communities of migrant‐worker origin in Northeastern Thailand. The paper considers quality of life dimensions for households distinguished on the basis of differing participation in international labour migration. Although the highest quality of life, based on locally identified indicators, is found in households containing returned international migrant workers, the differences between the analytical groups are fairly subdued. The implication is that international migration experience has been so widespread in these communities that it has had a ‘demonstration and emulation’ effect on aspirations and achievement throughout the whole of these communities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.