bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating Blood Donors With Postdonation Respiratory Tract Symptoms During the Wild-Type, Delta, and Omicron Waves of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in England
Authors: Gates Shannah , Ijaz Samreen , Baklan Hatice , Washington Charlotte , Brailsford Su , Zambon Maria , Harvala Heli 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been shown to be detectable in blood from infected individuals. Though RNAemia frequencies are typically low, the presence of potentially infectious virus potentially poses a transmission risk during blood transfusion.

Methods
Archived plasma samples were collected from blood donors who later reported possible SARS-CoV-2 infection with the wild-type strain, Delta variant, or Omicron variant. This was based on either symptom onset or a positive test within 2 weeks from their donation. Donations were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, and information on symptoms and testing results were gathered during postdonation interview.

Results
Of 518 archived plasma samples tested, 19 (3.7%) were found to have detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in donors who donated during the Delta (10/141 [7.1%]) and Omicron (9/162 [5.6%]) waves. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in donors who donated during the wild-type wave (0/215). Seventeen of 19 RNAemic donors reported symptom onset or a positive test within 2 days of donating. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in asymptomatic or presymptomatic blood donors.

Conclusions
Despite RNAemia being correlated with SARS-CoV-2 disease severity, RNAemia was detected in asymptomatic or presymptomatic blood donors.
Conformal symmetry and effective potential: I. Vacuum Vz, x operation for the Green functions
Authors: Anikin I V 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We begin a series of two papers that is devoted to the study of the multi-loop effective potential evolution in φ4 theory using the conformal symmetry. In this first part, we introduce and describe in detail the vacuum Vz, x operation (“V” stems from “vacuum”; {z, x} imply the corresponding coordinates) that transforms the given Green’s functions to the corresponding vacuum integrations that generate the effective potential. Our operation can be considered as an inverse procedure compared to the Gorishnii–Isaev method. To reach the final goal, it is also necessary to introduce a special treatment of the mass terms as types of “interaction” in an asymptotical expansion of the generating functional.
Introgression Underlies Phylogenetic Uncertainty But Not Parallel Plumage Evolution in a Recent Songbird Radiation
Authors: Rancilhac Loïs , Enbody Erik D , Harris Rebecca , Saitoh Takema , Irestedt Martin , Liu Yang , Lei Fumin , Andersson Leif , Alström Per 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Instances of parallel phenotypic evolution offer great opportunities to understand the evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic changes. However, confirming parallel phenotypic evolution and studying its causes requires a robust phylogenetic framework. One such example is the “black-and-white wagtails,” a group of 5 species in the songbird genus Motacilla: 1 species, Motacilla alba, shows wide intra-specific plumage variation, while the 4r others form 2 pairs of very similar-looking species (M. aguimp + M. samveasnae and M. grandis + M. maderaspatensis, respectively). However, the 2 species in each of these pairs were not recovered as sisters in previous phylogenetic inferences. Their relationships varied depending on the markers used, suggesting that gene tree heterogeneity might have hampered accurate phylogenetic inference. Here, we use whole genome resequencing data to explore the phylogenetic relationships within this group, with a special emphasis on characterizing the extent of gene tree heterogeneity and its underlying causes. We first used multispecies coalescent methods to generate a “complete evidence” phylogenetic hypothesis based on genome-wide variants, while accounting for incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression. We then investigated the variation in phylogenetic signal across the genome to quantify the extent of discordance across genomic regions and test its underlying causes. We found that wagtail genomes are mosaics of regions supporting variable genealogies, because of ILS and inter-specific introgression. The most common topology across the genome, supporting M. alba and M. aguimp as sister species, appears to be influenced by ancient introgression. Additionally, we inferred another ancient introgression event, between M. alba and M. grandis. By combining results from multiple analyses, we propose a phylogenetic network for the black-and-white wagtails that confirms that similar phenotypes evolved in non-sister lineages, supporting parallel plumage evolution. Furthermore, the inferred reticulations do not connect species with similar plumage coloration, suggesting that introgression does not underlie parallel plumage evolution in this group. Our results demonstrate the importance of investing genome-wide patterns of gene tree heterogeneity to help understand the mechanisms underlying phenotypic evolution. [Gene tree heterogeneity; incomplete lineage sorting; introgression; parallel evolution; phylogenomics; plumage evolution; wagtails.]
Stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines complex assemblies with β‐arrestin serving distinct functions
Authors: Tatsumi Riko , Aihara Saki , Matsune Seiya , Aoki Junken , Inoue Asuka , Shimizu Takao , Nakamura Motonao 
Published: October 2023

AbstractG protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) utilize complex cellular systems to respond to diverse ligand concentrations. By taking BLT1, a GPCR for leukotriene B4 (LTB4), as a model, our previous work elucidated that this system functions through the modulation of phosphorylation status on two specific residues: Thr308 and Ser310. Ser310 phosphorylation occurs at a lower LTB4 concentration than Thr308, leading to a shift in ligand affinity from a high‐to‐low state. However, the implications of BLT1 phosphorylation in signal transduction processes or the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we identify the sequential BLT1‐engaged conformations of β‐arrestin and subsequent alterations in signal transduction. Stimulation of the high‐affinity BLT1 with LTB4 induces phosphorylation at Ser310 via the ERK1/2‐GRK pathway, resulting in a β‐arrestin‐bound low‐affinity state. This configuration, referred to as the “low‐LTB4‐induced complex,” necessitates the finger loop region and the phosphoinositide‐binding motif of β‐arrestins to interact with BLT1 and deactivates the ERK1/2 signaling. Under high LTB4 concentrations, the low‐affinity BLT1 again binds to the ligand and triggers the generation of the low‐LTB4‐induced complex into a different form termed “high‐LTB4‐induced complex.” This change is propelled by The308‐phosphorylation‐dependent basal phosphorylation by PKCs. Within the high‐LTB4‐induced complex, β‐arrestin adapts a unique configuration that involves additional N domain interaction to the low‐affinity BLT1 and stimulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. We propose that the stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines the formation of complex assemblies, wherein β‐arrestins perform distinct functions.
Transition of care in inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Tadros Susan , Burns Siobhan O. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
This review outlines the principles of transition, summarizes current information about transition practices in inborn errors of immunity (IEI) and highlights general and specific considerations for transition of patients with these conditions.

Recent findings
Recent surveys demonstrate the variability in access to and transition practices in IEI. Key challenges of transition in IEI from the perspective of healthcare professionals include lack of adult subspecialists, lack of access to holistic care and fragmentation of adult services. Limited research focused on IEI patient and carer perspectives highlight information gaps, poor coordination and difficulty adapting to adult healthcare structures as important challenges for smooth transition.

Summary
Local policies and practices for transition in IEI are highly variable with limited assessment of outcomes or patient experience. There is a need for IEI-focused transition research and for development of national and international consensus statements to guide improved transition in IEI.
Tibial Plateau Fracture Surgical Care Utilizing Standardized Protocols Over Time: A Single Center’s Longitudinal View
Authors: Schwartz Luke , Ganta Abhishek , Konda Sanjit , Leucht Philipp , Rivero Steven , Egol Kenneth 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective:
To report on demographics, injury patterns, management strategies and outcomes of patients who sustained fractures of the tibial plateau seen at a single center over a 16-year period.

Design:
Prospective collection of data.
Patients/ Participants: 716 patients with 725 tibia plateau fractures, were treated by one of 5 surgeons.

Intervention:
Treatment of tibial plateau fractures.

Main outcome measurements:
Outcomes were obtained at standard timepoints. Complications were recorded. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: those treated in the first 5 years, those treated in the second 5 years and those treated in the most recent 6 years.

Results:
608 fractures were followed for a mean 13.4 months (6-120) and 82% had a minimum 1-year follow up. Patients returned to self-reported baseline function at a consistent proportion during the 3 time periods. The average knee arc was 125 degrees (75 – 135 degrees) at latest follow up and did not differ over time. The overall complication rate following surgery was 12% and did not differ between time periods. Radiographs demonstrated excellent rates of healing and low rates of PTOA and improved articular reductions at healing (0.58 mm in group 3 compared to 0.94 mm in Group 1 and 1.12 mm in Group 2) (P<0.05),

Conclusion:
The majority of patients regained their baseline functional status following surgical intervention and healing. Over time the ability of surgeons to achieve a more anatomic joint reduction was seen, however this did not correlate with improved functional outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Development of a Diagnostic Model for Differentiating Tuberculous Spondylitis and Pyogenic Spondylitis With MRI
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Zhaoxin , Chi Xiansu , Chen Yungang , Wang Huaxin , Wang Xiaoying , Cui Kaiying , Wang Qing , Lu Tongxin , Zheng Jianhu , Zhang Qiang , Hao Yanke 
Published: October 2023

Study Design.
Multicenter retrospective observational study.

Objective.
This study aimed to distinguish tuberculous spondylitis (TS) from pyogenic spondylitis (PS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further, a novel diagnostic model for differential diagnosis was developed.

Summary of Background Data.
TS and PS are the two most common spinal infections. Distinguishing between these types clinically is challenging. Delayed diagnosis can lead to deficits or kyphosis. Currently, there is a lack of radiology-based diagnostic models for TS and PS.

Methods.
We obtained radiologic images from MRI imaging of patients with TS and PS and applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to select the optimal features for a predictive model. Predictive models were built using multiple logistic regression analysis. Clinical utility was determined using decision curve analysis, and internal validation was performed using bootstrap resampling.

Results.
A total of 201 patients with TS (n=105) or PS (n=96) were enrolled. We identified significant differences in MRI features between both groups. We found that noncontiguous multivertebral and single-vertebral body involvement were common in TS and PS, respectively. Vertebral bone lesions were more severe in the TS group than in the PS group (Z=−4.553, P<0.001). The patients in the TS group were also more prone to vertebral intraosseous, epidural, and paraspinal abscesses (P<0.001). A total of 8 predictors were included in the diagnostic model. Analysis of the calibration curve and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve suggested that the model was well-calibrated with high prediction accuracy.

Conclusions.
This is the largest study comparing MRI features in TS and PS and the first to develop an MRI-based nomogram, which may help clinicians distinguish between TS and PS.
Impact of timing of antihypertensive treatment on mortality: an observational study from the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Registry
Authors: de la Sierra Alejandro , Ruilope Luis M. , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Vinyoles Ernest , Gorostidi Manuel , Segura Julián , Williams Bryan 
Published: October 2023

Background and aims:Whether bedtime versus morning administration of antihypertensive therapy is beneficial on outcomes is controversial. We evaluated the risk of total and cardiovascular mortality in a very large observational cohort of treated hypertensive patients, according to the timing of their usual treatment administration (morning versus evening).Methods:Vital status and cause of death were obtained from death certificates of 28 406 treated hypertensive patients (mean age 62 years, 53% male individuals), enrolled in the Spanish Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) Registry between 2004 and 2014. Among the 28 406 patients, most (86%) received their medication exclusively in the morning; whilst 13% were treated exclusively in the evening or at bedtime. Follow-up was for a median of 9.7 years and 4345 deaths occurred, of which 1478 were cardiovascular deaths.Results:Using Cox-models adjusted for clinical confounders and 24-h SBP, and compared with patients treated in the morning (reference group), all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.01; 95% CI 0.93–1.09) and cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio 1.04; 95% CI 0.91–1.19) was not significantly different in those receiving evening medication dosing. The results were consistent in all the subgroups of patients analysed.Conclusion:In this very large observational study, morning versus bedtime dosing of antihypertensive medication made no difference to the subsequent risk of all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. These findings are in accordance with results from a recent randomized controlled trial and do not support the hypothesis of a specific beneficial effect of night-time antihypertensive treatment dosing on risk of all-cause or cardiovascular death.
Incidence of Concussions in Elite Female Water Polo: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Croteau Félix , Leclerc Suzanne , Moroz Mickey 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Current evidence for concussions is mixed in water polo players. Surveys suggest rates as high as 36%, whereas surveillance studies at international competitions often fail to report them at all. The goal of this study was to examine the incidence of concussions in elite female water polo players from surveillance tools implemented longitudinally.

Design:
Retrospective chart analysis of 10 years spanning between 2012 and 2022.

Setting:
National teams or professional sports.

Participants:
Female players from the Canadian senior national water polo teams that participated in international competitions and trained more than 10 hours per week in a competitive environment.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Included player position, recurrence, and time loss before full return to play.

Main Outcome Measures:
Prevalence of concussion diagnosis.

Results:
Forty-three concussions were identified over the 10 years observed at a median count of 3 concussions per year. Cumulative days lost spanned between 25 and 348 days per team*year. Altogether, this produced a median rate of 14.3 injuries per 100 player*years. Goalkeepers in the sample suffered the highest rates of concussion (25.8%), compared with players in other positions (22.8% of centers and 16.7% of drivers).

Conclusions:
This study found evidence for prevalence of concussions in elite female water polo players. Improved guidelines preceded a significant reduction in time loss after the year 2017. This adds to a body of knowledge suggesting that improved surveillance methods are needed to detect and care for concussions in this population.
Fostering Governance and Information Partnerships for Chronic Disease Surveillance: The Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance
Authors: Kraus Emily McCormick , Saintus Lina , Martinez Amanda K. , Brand Bill , Begley Elin , Merritt Robert K. , Hamilton Andrew , Rubin Rick , Sullivan Amy , Karras Bryant Thomas , Grannis Shaun , Brooks Ian M. , Mui Joyce Y. , Carton Thomas W. , Hohman Katherine H. , Klompas Michael , Dixon Brian E. 
Published: October 2023

Context:Electronic health records (EHRs) are an emerging chronic disease surveillance data source and facilitating this data sharing is complex.Program:Using the experience of the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS), this article describes implementation of a governance framework that aligns technical, statutory, and organizational requirements to facilitate EHR data sharing for chronic disease surveillance.Implementation:MENDS governance was cocreated with data contributors and health departments representing Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Washington, and Indiana through engagement from 2020 to 2022. MENDS convened a governance body, executed data-sharing agreements, and developed a master governance document to codify policies and procedures.Results:The MENDS governance committee meets regularly to develop policies and procedures on data use and access, timeliness and quality, validation, representativeness, analytics, security, small cell suppression, software implementation and maintenance, and privacy. Resultant policies are codified in a master governance document.Discussion:The MENDS governance approach resulted in a transparent governance framework that cultivates trust across the network. MENDS's experience highlights the time and resources needed by EHR-based public health surveillance networks to establish effective governance.
A Narrative Review of Literature Examining Studies Researching the Impact of Law on Health and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Pepin Dawn A. , St. Clair Sims Rebekah , Khushalani Jaya , Tonti Lauren , Kelly Megan A. , Song Suhang , Arifkhanova Aziza , Hulkower Rachel , Calhoun Brian H. , Puddy Richard W. , Kaminski Jennifer W. 
Published: October 2023

Context:
Public health policy can play an important role in improving public health outcomes. Accordingly, there has been an increasing emphasis by policy makers on identifying and implementing evidence-informed public health policy interventions.

Program or Policy:
Growth and refinement of the field of research assessing the impact of legal interventions on health outcomes, known as legal epidemiology, prompted this review of studies on the relationship between laws and health or economic outcomes.

Implementation:
Authors systematically searched 8 major literature databases for all English language journal articles that assessed the effect of a law on health and economic outcomes published between January 1, 2009, and September 18, 2019. This search generated 12 570 unique articles 177 of which met inclusion criteria. The team conducting the systematic review was a multidisciplinary team that included health economists and public health policy researchers, as well as public health lawyers with expertise in legal epidemiological research methods. The authors identified and assessed the types of methods used to measure the laws' health impact.

Evaluation:
In this review, the authors examine how legal epidemiological research methods have been described in the literature as well as trends among the studies. Overall, 3 major themes emerged from this study: (1) limited variability in the sources of the health data across the studies, (2) limited differences in the methodological approaches used to connect law to health outcomes, and (3) lack of transparency surrounding the source and quality of the legal data relied upon.

Discussion:
Through highlighting public health law research methodologies, this systematic review may inform researchers, practitioners, and lawmakers on how to better examine and understand the impacts of legal interventions on health and economic outcomes. Findings may serve as a source of suggested practices in conducting legal epidemiological outcomes research and identifying conceptual and method-related gaps in the literature.
Four State Sleep Staging From a Multilayered Algorithm Using Electrocardiographic and Actigraphic Data
Authors: Garingo Mario , Katz Chaim , Patel Kramay , Meyer zum Alten Borgloh Stephan , Sabetian Parisa , Durmer Jeffrey , Chiang Sharon , Rao Vikram R. , Stern John M. 
Published: October 2023

Purpose:
Sleep studies are important to evaluate sleep and sleep-related disorders. The standard test for evaluating sleep is polysomnography, during which several physiological signals are recorded separately and simultaneously with specialized equipment that requires a technologist. Simpler recordings that can model the results of a polysomnography would provide the benefit of expanding the possibilities of sleep recordings.

Methods:
Using the publicly available sleep data set from the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis and 1769 nights of sleep, we extracted a distinct data subset with engineered features of the biomarkers collected by actigraphic, oxygenation, and electrocardiographic sensors. We then applied scalable models with recurrent neural network and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) with a layered approach to produce an algorithm that we then validated with a separate data set of 177 nights.

Results:
The algorithm achieved an overall performance of 0.833 accuracy and 0.736 kappa in classifying into four states: wake, light sleep, deep sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM). Using feature analysis, we demonstrated that heart rate variability is the most salient feature, which is similar to prior reports.

Conclusions:
Our results demonstrate the potential benefit of a multilayered algorithm and achieved higher accuracy and kappa than previously described approaches for staging sleep. The results further the possibility of simple, wearable devices for sleep staging. Code is available at https://github.com/NovelaNeuro/nEureka-SleepStaging.