bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of leukocyte common antigen in lymphoblastic lymphoma and small noncleaved undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphoma: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Van Eyken Peter , De Wolf‐Peeters Chris , Van Den Oord Joost , Tricot Guido , Desmet Valère 
Published: June 2005

AbstractNine cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and eight cases of small, noncleaved undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphoma were studied. All cases were stained with monoclonal antibodies, directed to the leukocyte common antigen (LCA), B‐ and T‐cell markers as well as Calla. Small noncleaved, undifferentiated non‐Burkitt's lymphomas were LCA positive and expressed one or more B‐cell markers. Three cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA positive and showed reactivity with antibodies OKT4, OKT6 and OKT8. The six remaining cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA negative, except for only one case that was weakly LCA positive using more sensitive detection methods. Two of the LCA negative cases expressed Calla, and four cases did not show any reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies used. In all LCA negative cases, small residual non‐neoplastic nodules representing remnants of lymphoid follicles, could be detected. Since five out of nine cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma were LCA negative, lack of staining for LCA does not preclude the diagnosis of lymphoma.
Airway injury by trichloroethylene: A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Forkert P. G. , Troughton K. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe examined the effects of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the bronchiolar epithelium of mouse lung, using scanning electron microscopy. The lesion elicited by TCE involved predominantly the nonciliated Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium. Although there was slight loss of cilia and the mucosal surface exhibited increased deposits of debris throughout the period the tissues were observed, the ciliated cells appeared relatively uninjured. At 24 h following the intraperitoneal administration of TCE (2000 mg/kg) the Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium were irregularly distributed on the mucosal surface and reduced in number, indicating loss of cells by exfoliation. The remaining Clara cells appeared deformed and collapsed. This cell population was markedly reduced by seven days after TCE exposure, and the bulging apices characteristic of this cell type were virtually absent, resulting in a flattened epithelial lining. By 15 and 30 days after TCE, reparative processes were evident and micronodules consisting of multiple Clara cells protruded into the airway lumen. The administration of TCE to mice causes severe morphological damage to Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium which persists for at least 60 days after chemical exposure.
Helix pomatia and Ulex Europeus lectin binding in human breast carcinoma
Authors: Fenlon Stephen , Ellis Ian O. , Bell Jane , Todd John H. , Elston Christopher W. , Blamey Roger W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFormalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue from 100 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were studied for binding with Helix pomatia (HPA) and Ulex Europeus (UEA1) lectins. Serial sections were pretreated with trypsin or neuraminidase to determine the effect of these enzymes on lectin binding. The lectins were visualized by the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique and the cell staining proportion assessed in a semi‐quantitative manner under the light microscope. Correlating staining with prognostic factors and patient follow‐up details showed that UEA1 related to disease‐free interval and survival, and HPA to lymph node stage, time to loco regional recurrence and to survival. Relationships with both lectins were abolished by pretreatment with neuraminidase. The study demonstrates that a simple assessment of lectin binding can provide prognostic information in breast cancer. This may be useful particularly when conservational surgical practice restricts the amount of nodal tissue for staging.
Quantitative X‐ray microanalysis of bulk hydrated specimens: A method using gelatine standards
Authors: Wyness Louis E. , Morris James A. , Oates Kenneth , Staff William G. , Huddart Henry 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA method of preparing and using gelatine blocks as standards for quantitative X‐ray microanalysis of bulk hydrated tissue is described. Each series of standards had several constant and one variable element. The average deviations in the X‐ray counts of the constant elements from the series means were used to correct the recorded count of the variable element in each block. This led to an improved linear relationship between X‐ray counts and concentration. The elements tested, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium, were chosen as representatives of different parts of the X‐ray spectrum. Sodium cannot be measured reliably below 50 mmol kg−1 wet weight, although phosphorus and potassium can be detected at concentrations of 5 mmol kg−1 wet weight. It is argued that this sensitivity of analysis is sufficient for studying electrolyte changes in certain pathological processes.
Continual audit of clinical diagnostic accuracy by computer: A study of 592 autopsy cases
Authors: Reid W. A. , Harkin P. J. R. , Jack A. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn a prospective study of 592 autopsy cases, correlations between clinical and pathological data were made by computer from a novel protocol on which morphological and functional diagnoses were separated. The accuracy of diagnosis was analysed with respect to time in hospital, speciality, consultant in charge, and other criteria.Overall, there were 168 clinical ‘overdiagnoses’, not confirmed at autopsy; 492 ‘underdiagnoses’, not made clinically; and 432 ‘agreements’ between clinical and pathological diagnoses. The computer program allows the data to be analysed at any time as the number of cases increases. Entry of information entails comparatively little extra work and a similar system could be incorporated into the service commitment of any pathology department with a suitable microcomputer and access to a mainframe computer.
Variations in the morphology of villous epithelial cells within 8 mm of untreated duodenal ulcers
Authors: Gregory Michael A. , Spitaels Jean‐Marie 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIn order to investigate the bio‐mechanics of duodenal ulcerogenesis and compare the ‘quality’ of drug mediated mucosal healing, it is necessary to define the morphological appearance of ulcerative mucosae. This report describes the morphological appearance of pre‐therapy, juxta‐duodenal ulcer (DU) villous epithelia. Biopsies made at endoscopy from the first part of the duodenum in four healthy volunteers and 3–8 mm from the edge of the DU in 97 patients were examined by light and electron microscopy. Irrespective of whether biopsies were made from the normal or juxta‐DU mucosa, the villous epithelium was populated by one, or more, of six, morphologically identifiable cell types. Control epithelia were populated with normal goblet and absorptive cells. Based on the fine‐structural characteristics of the predominant cell type, pathological specimens were divided into two groups: metaplastic (Group 1) and non‐metaplastic (Group 2). Group 1 specimens were either exclusively populated with fully differentiated metaplastic gastric surface mucus secreting cells (GMC) (Group 1A), or GMC in various phases of metaplastic differentiation together with abnormal goblet cells (Group 1B). Group 2 specimens were populated with ‘pathological’ absorptive and normal goblet cells. It is postulated that the group variations in pre‐therapy juxta‐DU morphology represent various phases in the natural history of duodenal ulcerogenesis and healing.
Tissue arrangement in the internal elastic lamina of the rat muscular pulmonary artery
Authors: Wilkinson M. J. , Gray T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe arrangement of tissue in the internal elastic lamina of muscular pulmonary arteries in rats has been studied. It consists of long plates of elastic tissue joined to each other by side branches, thus forming a conttinuous branching network. The thick plates are orientated parallel to the long axis of the vessel. This is similar to the arrangement in the saphenous and splenic veins in the dog. Systemic arteries show a different arrangement, usually a single fenestrated sheet. The differences between systemic and pulmonary arteries can be explained by considering the different biomechanical forces acting on them.
Expression of the 3‐fucosyl N‐acetyllactosamine (CD 15) antigen in normal, metaplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic squamous epithelia
Authors: Sanders D. S. A. , Kerr M. A. , Hopwood D. , Coghill G. , Milne G. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe 3‐fucosyl N‐acetyllactosamine residue is the antigen recognized by the monoclonal antibody MC2. Using MC2, we demonstrated the distribution of this antigen in a variety of squamous epithelia. The antigen is expressed to a variable degree on supra‐basal cells in most normal non‐keratinizing squamous mucosae, with a similar distribution in metaplastic squamous epithelia; antibody‐labelled latex microspheres and immunogold electron microscopy show the antigen to form part of the glycocalyx. In dysplastic and neoplastic squamous lesions, expression is reduced or absent except in cells around areas of differentiation. Prior neuraminidase treatment of sections had little effect on the amount or distribution of demonstrable antigen.Expression of this antigen by cells in non‐keratinizing squamous epithelia gives an indication of cell maturity and may provide a histological marker for the grading of dysplastic and malignant squamous mucosal lesions. A possible role for these carbohydrate residues in squamous mucosal defence is discussed.
A quantitative histochemical study of 5′nucleotidase activity in rat liver after ischaemia
Authors: Frederiks Wilma M. , Marx Frans , Myagkaya Galja L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe lead salt method of Wachstein and Meisel15 has been applied using incubation media containing polyvinyl alcohol for the localization and quantification of 5′‐nucleotidase (E.C. 3.1.3.5) activity in cryostat sections from rat liver after ischaemia in vitro and ischaemia in vivo followed by different periods of re‐perfusion.5′‐Nucleotidase activity at the bile canaliculi, especially in the pericentral areas, had already decreased after 60 min of ischaemia in vitro, although the total activity as measured densitometrically was not changed. After 120–240 min of ischaemia, a significant decrease of the total 5′‐nucleotidase activity was found. At that stage, signs of irreversible cell damage were recognized.Short periods of re‐perfusion (1 h) after ischaemia in vivo induced a decreased bile canalicular 5′‐nucleotidase activity throughout the entire liver, but a restoration after longer periods of re‐perfusion was observed (5, 24, and 48 h). Necrotic areas recognized by a decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity after all periods of re‐perfusion showed decreased total 5′‐nucleotidase activities.A correlation was observed between the decrease in bile canalicular 5′‐nucleotidase activity and the disappearance of microvilli of the bile canaliculi.It is concluded that a decrease in the bile canalicular 5′‐nucleotidase activity can be used as a very sensitive marker for ischaemic liver cell damage.Assessment of the irreversibility of the cell injury has to be determined using additional parameters such as a decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity.
HLA‐D region α‐chain monoclonal antibodies: Cross‐reaction between an anti‐DP α‐chain antibody and smooth muscle
Authors: Thomas Alero , Lindsay Joan , Wilkinson Michael , Bodmer Julia 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo monoclonal antibodies, Tal 3C3 and Tal 1 B5, raised against purified plasma membrane extract of the Bristol 8 B lymphoblastoid cell line and previously shown to recognize epitopes on denatured HLA‐D α‐chains revealed several differences in staining patterns when screened by immunocytochemical techniques on pre‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections of human tissues. Although Tal 3C3 staining was weaker and more restricted than Tal 1 B5 on immunoregulatory cells expected to express class II antigens, this monoclonal antibody showed additional strong activity on normal smooth muscle. Biochemical studies show that whereas Tal 1B5 reacts with DR a‐chains, Tal 3C3 predominantly defines DP a‐chain subunits and a high molecular weight (200–250 kD) actin binding protein known as filamin. In view of several recent reports that the cellular distribution of class II antigens may be more widespread than hitherto thought and may be expressed by cells not normally involved in specific immune functions, these findings emphasize that unexpected monoclonal antibody reactions must be interpreted with caution. It is clearly important to include both immunohistological tissue section and biochemical studies in the initial screening procedures for monoclonal antibodies in order to distinguish between specific target antigen activity and cross‐reactions with unrelated molecules.
Ubiquitin is a common factor in intermediate filament inclusion bodies of diverse type in man, including those of Parkinson's disease, Pick's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as Rosenthal fibres in cerebellar astrocytomas, cytoplasmic bodies in muscle, and mallory bodies in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Lowe James , Blanchard Andrew , Morrell Ken , Lennox Graham , Reynolds Lindsay , Billett Michael , Landon Michael , Mayer R. John 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPolyclonal antibodies were raised which have a high affinity for conjugated ubiquitin. Immunocytochemistry was performed on paraffin sections of tissues showing well‐characterized inclusion bodies. Ubiquitin was found as a component of the intermediate filament inclusion bodies characteristic of several major diseases including Lewy bodies of Parkinson's disease, Pick bodies of Pick's disease, Mallory bodies of alcoholic liver disease, cytoplasmic bodies of a specific myopathy, and Rosenthal fibres within astrocytes. Ubiquitin was also present in the three histological lesions characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. These observations suggest a fundamental role for ubiquitin in the formation of intermediate filament inclusion bodies in man, and have implications regarding the pathogenesis of these important diseases.
Malignant lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with prominent splenomegaly (primary lymphoma of the spleen)
Authors: Audouin Josée , Diebold Jacques , Schvartz Hubert , Tourneau Agnès Le , Bernadou Alain , Zittoun Robert 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEleven patients (age range 51–65 years) presenting with primary splenic lymphoma of lymphoplasmacytic type are described, together with detailed histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings. The subclassification of this type of lymphoma is considered, and the prognosis discussed.
The expression and localization of amylase in normal and malignant glands of the endometrium and endocervix
Authors: Lee Y. S. , Raju G. C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAmylase activity was studied in 70 specimens of normal endometrium, 21 normal endocervices, 19 endometrial carcinomas, and 20 endocervical adenocarcinomas. Amylase was observed in the secretory (8–7 per cent) but not in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. It is possible that the presence of amylase activity may serve a functional role in the degradation of glycogen to glucose in the secretory endometrium. The great majority (90·5 per cent) of uterine cervices showed strong and extensive staining of the endocervical glands for amylase. No glycogen was demonstrated and the role of amylase in endocervical glands remains obscure. Amylase was observed in one (5·3 per cent) out of 19 cases of endometrial carcinoma, and the presence of this enzyme may be considered a eutopic rather than an ectopic expression. Amylase was not detected in any of the endocervical adenocarcinomas examined. This study has shown a complete loss of amylase activity in malignant transformation of endocervical glands and this could be attributable to the immature nature of de‐differentiated neoplastic cells.
Breast tumour of pregnancy (‘Lactating’ adenoma)
Authors: James Kered , Bridger John , Anthony Peter P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFourteen cases of a benign lesion of the breast, often referred to as ‘lactating’ adenoma, are described. They were all first noticed during pregnancy. The microscopic changes are similar to those seen in the normal pregnant breast but vary in degree and are out of phase with it. Any association with fibroadenoma or fibrocystic disease seems coincidental. ‘Lactating’ adenomas are also clearly distinguishable from tubular adenomas, which consist of masses of closely set tubules, like ductules of the normal resting breast, and are not related to pregnancy. Immunocytochemistry using antisera to breast and tumour associated antigens can demonstrate clear differences between ‘lactating’ adenoma, other breast lesions, and the normal pregnant breast. A plea is made for the designation of these lesions as ‘breast tumour of pregnancy’ as they do not arise in the lactating period.
Tumourigenic transformation of mouse NIH 3T3 cells by transfection with plasmid pSV2neo
Authors: Wallace Jeannie S. , Fleming Kenneth A. , Tarin David 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study reports high incidence tumourigenic activity of the pSV2neo plasmid demonstrated by transfection of NIH 3T3 cells. The plasmid is frequently used as a dominant selectable marker for confirming successful gene transfection, and the findings indicate a need for caution in interpretation and design of assays for oncogenes which use co‐transfection and subsequent selection with neomycin.
Morphometric analysis of coronary artery stenosis: An accuracy and reliability study
Authors: Manwarring Lynette , O'Connell Dianne L. , Bhagwandeen Brumdutt S. , Zardawi Ibrahim M. , Dobson Annette J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLuminal narrowing was assessed in 238 transverse segments obtained from coronary arteries removed at postmortem. In each segment, narrowing was assessed by gross visual estimation before and after fixation, and on histological sections by stereological point counting and computer‐assisted planimetry.Computer‐assisted planimetry was found to be accurate and reliable but the equipment needed is expensive, and requires specialized software and an experienced user.Morphometric measurement by stereologic point counting was accurate, rapid, simple, and inexpensive.In comparison with computer‐assisted planimetry visual estimation was found to be neither accurate nor reliable.Our results indicate point counting as the method of choice for assessment of coronary artery luminal narrowing by atherosclerosis.
Age‐related changes in the morphology and immunophenotype of spontaneous lymphomas of sjl/n mice
Authors: Chow Eva Y. W. , Ho Faith C. S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractForty‐four SJL mice were killed at intervals to follow the spontaneous development of lymphomas. These were detected in 28 of 38 mice aged 24 weeks or more. Immunoperoxidase stains were applied on cryostat sections of lymphomas from various sites (spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and other lymph nodes), sampled from 19 mice of different age groups, to study tumour immunophenotype in correlation with histological features. With a panel of antibodies against Thy 1·2, Lyt 1, and Lyt 2, and the mouse immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, all the 19 tumours were shown to be B‐cell derived. This was further supported by the detection of Ia antigens on the tumour cells. Six mice had plasmacytoid or predominantly plasmacytoid tumours expressing γκ. Three mice had mixed plasmacytoid and pleomorphic tumours which also showed γκ positivity. The ages of these nine mice ranged from 24 to 44 weeks with a median of 36 weeks. Pleomorphic tumours were found in ten mice (age range = 36–52 weeks, median = 44 weeks). These tumours were more heterogeneous, expressing either α, μ, or γ, or with loss of heavy chain expression altogether. These age‐related changes are probably a sign of progressive loss of differentiation in B lymphomas.
Age‐related deposition of amyloid P component in normal human testis
Authors: Herriot Richard , Walker Frederick 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe distribution of amyloid P component in normal human testes from fetal life to old age was studied by a direct immunofluorescent technique on frozen sections. Amyloid P is readily and invariably detected in association with elastic fibres around seminiferous tubules and in blood vessels from the age of 30 years upwards. The same is true for most cases during the twenties, but in no case below the age of 18 was its presence demonstrable.
A morphological study of experimental proteinuria using a novel form of surface fixation
Authors: Furness P. N. , Turner S. N. , Appleby P. , Turner D. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractCareful ultrastructural studies of the rat model of nephrotic syndrome induced by puromycin aminonucleoside have demonstrated morphological features which are only seen in proteinuric glomeruli fixed without interruption of the blood pressure. These consist of balloon‐like swellings bounded by attenuated epithelial cell cytoplasm, with an area of bare basement membrane at the base. A theory of the mechanism of proteinuria was proposed on the basis of these findings. To test the proposed wide validity of that theory, we improved the method of surface fixation and performed similar studies in sequential manner, using chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis in the rat as a model of proteinuria. Glomeruli were studied by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The findings were correlated with the level of proteinuria in the 24 h preceding death and with the duration of serum sickness.Epithelial cell ‘balloons’ are also demonstrated in this model, correlating with the presence of proteinuria, but with slightly different configurations from those seen in puromycin nephrosis. Surface fixation revealed similar balloons in two other models of proteinuria: a graft versus host induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus in the mouse, and chronic streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in the rat.A lengthy search failed to find bare basement membranes in any of these models of proteinuria. We conclude, therefore, that the mechanism of proteinuria proposed in puromycin nephrosis does not apply in these models, and we suggest an alternative mechanism by which the ‘balloons’ may develop, as a further manifestation of the epithelial cell dysfunction which causes foot process effacement.
JC virus genomes in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Detection using a sensitive non‐radioisotopic in situ hybridization method
Authors: Teo Chong Gee , Wong Su Yong , Best Philip V. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractJC virus genomes have been localized in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded brain tissues of two cases of known progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by in situ hybridization utilizing a biotinylated JC virus DNA probe. A three‐stage immunoperoxidase system with gold–silver amplification of the diaminobenzidine substrate was used to visualize biotinylated nucleic acid hybrids. Dot–blot quantification of this visualization system indicates that subpicogramme amounts of biotinylated DNA can be detected. Optimal detection of the virus genomes in the brain tissues required a microwave irradiation step prior to hybridization. JC virus genomes were observed in the nuclei of enlarged oligodendrocytes and of some bizarre astrocytes. No other cell types were found to harbour the genomes.