bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preferences for improved health examined in 1,024 patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Pain has highest priority
Authors: Heiberg Turid , Kvien Tore K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo examine preferences for improved health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA survey was mailed to patients with RA enrolled in a county‐based register. The questionnaire comprised a variety of health status measures (Medical Outcome Study Short Form‐36, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 [AIMS2], Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire, and visual analog scale for pain and fatigue). The patients were asked to check 3 of 12 areas in which they would most like to see improvement (item 60 AIMS2). The number of respondents was 1,024 (mean age/disease duration 63.4/12.7 years, 78.7% female).ResultsPain was the preferred area for improvement in all subgroups of patients. Preference for improvement in pain was associated with lower age, higher levels of perceived pain, and lower scores for self efficacy related to pain. One‐third of the patients with this preference did not report use of pain‐relieving medication.ConclusionPain is the area of health in which almost 70% of the patients would like to see improvement. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to the examination of patient preferences for improvement in health.
Comparison of synovial tissues from the knee joints and the small joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients: Implications for pathogenesis and evaluation of treatment
Authors: Kraan Maarten C. , Reece Richard J. , Smeets Tom J. M. , Veale Douglas J. , Emery Paul , Tak Paul P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveSerial synovial biopsy samples are increasingly being used for the evaluation of novel therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most studies have used tissues from knee biopsies, but technical improvements have made serial small joint arthroscopy feasible as well. Theoretically, there could be differences in the features of synovial inflammation between various joints as a result of mechanical factors, differences in innervation, and other factors. We therefore undertook this study to compare the cell infiltrate in paired synovial biopsy samples from inflamed knee joints and paired inflamed small joints of patients with RA.MethodsNine RA patients with both an inflamed knee joint and an inflamed small joint (wrist or metacarpophalangeal joint) underwent an arthroscopic synovial biopsy of both joints on the same day. Multiple biopsy specimens were collected and stained for macrophages, T cells, plasma cells, fibroblast‐like synoviocytes, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by immunohistochemistry. Sections were evaluated by digital image analysis.ResultsThere were no significant differences in mean cell numbers for all markers investigated in samples from the knee joint compared with samples from the small joints. We detected statistically significant correlations for the numbers of sublining macrophages, T cells, and plasma cells, as well as for IL‐6 expression, between the knee joint and the small joints. However, there was no significant correlation between different joints for the numbers of intimal macrophages or fibroblast‐like synoviocytes.ConclusionThe results of this study show that the inflammation in one inflamed joint is generally representative of that in other inflamed joints. Therefore, it is possible to use serial samples from the same joint, selecting either large or small joints, for the evaluation of antirheumatic therapies.
Information seeking and mediated searching: Part 2. Uncertainty and its correlates
Authors: Wilson T.D. , Ford N.J. , Ellis D. , Foster A.E. , Spink A. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the concept of uncertainty in information seeking, within a model of the problem‐solving process proposed by Wilson (1999a) and variables derived from other models and from the work of Ellis and Kuhlthau. The research has involved longitudinal data collection in the United States and United Kingdom employing three interview schedules (incorporating self‐completed questionnaires) used for pre‐ and postsearch interviews: and postsearch interviews with the information seeker and the search intermediary. In addition, the Sheffield team employed a fourth set of instruments in a follow‐up interview some 2 months after the search. Related search episodes, with a professional search intermediary using the Dialog Information Service and other sources were audiotaped, and search transaction logs were recorded. The mediated search clients were faculty and research students engaged in either personal or externally supported research projects. The article concludes that the problem solving model is recognized by such researchers as describing their activities and that the uncertainty concept, operationalized as here, serves as a useful variable in understanding information‐seeking behavior. It also concludes that Ellis's concept of “search characteristics” and Kuhlthau's information‐seeking stages are independent of the problem stage, and that a set of affective variables, based on those of Kuhlthau, appear to signify a generalized positive or negative affective orientation towards the course of the information problem solution.
Information seeking and mediated searching. Part 4. Cognitive styles in information seeking
Authors: Ford Nigel , Wilson T.D. , Foster Allen , Ellis David , Spink Amanda 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis is the fourth in a series resulting from a joint research project directed by Professor Tom Wilson in the United Kingdom and Dr. Amanda Spink in the United States. The analysis reported here sought to test a number of hypotheses linking global/analytic cognitive styles and aspects of researchers' problem‐solving and related information‐seeking behavior. One hundred and eleven postdoctoral researchers were assessed for Witkin's field dependence/independence using Riding's Cognitive Styles Analysis and for Pask's holist/serialist biases using items from Ford's Study Processes Questionnaire. These measures were correlated with the researchers' perceptions of aspects of their problem‐solving and information‐seeking behavior, and with those of the search intermediary who performed literature searches on their behalf. A number of statistically significant correlations were found. Field‐independent researchers were more analytic and active than their field‐dependent counterparts. Holists engaged more in exploratory and serendipitous behavior, and were more idiosyncratic in their communication than serialists.
Information interaction: Providing a framework for information architecture
Authors: Toms Elaine G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractInformation interaction is the process that people use in interacting with the content of an information system. Information architecture is a blueprint and navigational aid to the content of information‐rich systems. As such information architecture performs an important supporting role in information interactivity. This article elaborates on a model of information interactivity that crosses the “no‐man's land” between user and computer articulating a model that includes user, content and system, illustrating the context for information architecture.
A case study of information‐seeking behavior in 7‐year‐old children in a semistructured situation
Authors: Cooper Linda Z. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article presents a case study of the information‐seeking behavior of 7‐year‐old children in a semistructured situation in their school library media center. The study focuses on how young children who are in the process of learning to read cope with searching for information in a largely textual corpus, and how they make up for their deficit in textual experience. Children's search strategies are examined and discussed in the context of computer versus shelf searching, textual versus visual searching, and in comparison with adult search dimensions previously established.
Mustering motivation to enact decisions: how decision process characteristics influence goal realization
Authors: Dholakia Utpal M. , Bagozzi Richard P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDecision scientists tend to focus mainly on decision antecedents, studying how people make decisions. Action psychologists, in contrast, study post‐decision issues, investigating how decisions, once formed, are maintained, protected, and enacted. Through the research presented here, we seek to bridge these two disciplines, proposing that the process by which decisions are reached motivates subsequent pursuit and benefits eventual realization. We identify three characteristics of the decision process (DP) as having motivation‐mustering potential: DP effort investment, DP importance, and DP confidence. Through two field studies tracking participants' decision processes, pursuit and realization, we find that after controlling for the influence of the motivational mechanisms of goal intention and implementation intention, the three decision process characteristics significantly influence the successful enactment of the chosen decision directly. The the oretical and practical implications of these findings are considered and future research opportunities are identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of calcium‐binding proteins in the control of transcription: structure to function
Authors: Ikura Mitsuhiko , Osawa Masanori , Ames James B. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTranscriptional regulation is coupled with numerous intracellular signaling processes often mediated by second messengers. Now, growing evidence points to the importance of Ca2+, one of the most versatile second messengers, in activating or inhibiting gene transcription through actions frequently mediated by members of the EF‐hand superfamily of Ca2+‐binding proteins. Calmodulin and calcineurin, representative members of this EF‐hand superfamily, indirectly regulate transcription through phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of transcription factors in response to a Ca2+ increase in the cell. Recently, a novel EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding protein called DREAM has been found to interact with regulatory sequences of DNA, thereby acting as a direct regulator of transcription. Finally, S100B, a dimeric EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding protein, interacts with the tumor suppressor p53 and controls its transcriptional activity. In light of the structural studies reported to date, this review provides an overview of the structural basis of EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding proteins linked with transcriptional regulation. BioEssays 24:625–636, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational control through translocational regulation: a new view of secretory and membrane protein folding
Authors: Lingappa Vishwanath R. , Rutkowski D. Thomas , Hegde Ramanujan S. , Andersen Olaf S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe suggest a new view of secretory and membrane protein folding that emphasizes the role of pathways of biogenesis in generating functional and conformational heterogeneity. In this view, heterogeneity results from action of accessory factors either directly binding specific sequences of the nascent chain, or indirectly, changing the environment in which a particular domain is synthesized. Entrained by signaling pathways, these variables create a combinatorial set of necessary‐but‐not‐sufficient conditions that enhance synthesis and folding of particular alternate, functional, conformational forms. We therefore propose that protein conformation is productively regulated by the cell during translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a concept that may account for currently poorly understood aspects of physiological function, natural selection, and disease pathogenesis. BioEssays 24:741–748, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Down's syndrome
Authors: Arbuzova Svetlana , Hutchin Tim , Cuckle Howard 
Published: October 2002

AbstractNeither the pathogenesis nor the aetiology of Down's syndrome (DS) are clearly understood. Numerous studies have examined whether clinical features of DS are a consequence of specific chromosome 21 segments being triplicated. There is no evidence, however, that individual loci are responsible, or that the oxidative damage in DS could be solely explained by a gene dosage effect. Using astrocytes and neuronal cultures from DS fetuses, a recent paper shows that altered metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein and oxidative stress result from mitochondrial dysfunction.1 These findings are consistent with considerable data implicating the role of the mitochondrial genome in DS pathogenesis and aetiology. BioEssays 24:681–684, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Surface enhanced IR absorption of nucleic acids from tumor cells: FTIR reflectance study
Authors: Dovbeshko G. I. , Chegel V. I. , Gridina N. Y. , Repnytska O. P. , Shirshov Y. M. , Tryndiak V. P. , Todor I. M. , Solyanik G. I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe data on surface enhanced IR absorption (SEIRA) of nucleic acids deposited on a metal substrate were obtained using FTIR in reflectance mode. A 200–400 Å thick gold film on a glass plate was the metal substrate. The approximate enhancement factors of the SEIRA for different vibrations of nucleic acids in our experimental conditions were 3–5. The roughness of the Au surface was about 50 Å. Application of this method to nucleic acids isolated from tumor cells revealed some possible peculiarities of their structural organization, namely, the appearance of unusual sugar and base conformations, modification of the phosphate backbone, redistribution of the H‐bond net, and so forth. This method enhanced a set of the bands, which is impossible to observe in conventional IR geometry. The SEIRA spectra of the RNA from tumor cells showed more sensitivity to the grade of tumor malignancy than the spectra of the DNA. After application of the anticancer drug doxorubicin to sensitive and resistant strains, the DNA isolated from these strains had different spectral features, especially in the region of the phosphate I and II bands. As induced by anticancer drugs, the conformational changes in the DNA from resistant and sensitive cancer strains could be characterized with different levels of structure disordering. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 470–486, 2002
Effects of terbium and pH on structure of anticoagulation factor II from Agkistrodon acutus venom probed by fluorescent spectroscopy and equilibrium dialysis
Authors: Xu Xiao Long , Liu Qing Liang , Wu Bin , Xie Yong Shu 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAnticoagulation factor II (ACF II) isolated from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus is an activated coagulation factor X‐binding protein with marked anticoagulant activity. Present studies show that the pH has a marked effect on the fluorescence intensity of holo‐ACF II; however, no appreciable shift of the emission maximum of holo‐ACF II was observed in the pH range of 3–10. It was deduced from a relatively weak fluorescence emission of holo‐ACF II at a neutral pH (6–7) that native holo‐ACF II assumes a compactly folded structure in which the most interior Trp residues and quenchers are adjacent. Terbium ions can completely replace both Ca2+ ions in holo‐ACF II as determined by equilibrium dialysis. Two Tb3+‐binding sites with different apparent Tb3+ association constant values, (2.1 ± 0.2) and (1.0 ± 0.1) × 107
M−1, were identified through Tb3+ fluorescence titration. In addition, it was confirmed from the titration of holo‐ACF II and Tb3+‐ACF II with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) that only interior Trp residues are involved in the energy transfer to Tb3+ ions and all accessible Trp residues located in the surface of holo‐ACF II have a similar affinity to NBS while those located in the surface of Tb3+‐ACF II have two different kinds of affinity to NBS, which suggests a conformational change of holo‐ACF II on the substitution of Tb3+ for Ca2+. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 67: 387–393, 2002
Metabolic pathway analysis of a recombinant yeast for rational strain development
Authors: Carlson Ross , Fell David , Srienc Friedrich 
Published: October 2002

AbstractElementary mode analysis has been used to study a metabolic pathway model of a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae system that was genetically engineered to produce the bacterial storage compound poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB). The model includes biochemical reactions from the intermediary metabolism and takes into account cellular compartmentalization as well as the reversibility/irreversibility of the reactions. The reaction network connects the production and/or consumption of eight external metabolites including glucose, acetate, glycerol, ethanol, PHB, CO2, succinate, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Elementary mode analysis of the wild‐type S. cerevisiae system reveals 241 unique reaction combinations that balance the eight external metabolites. When the recombinant PHB pathway is included, and when the reaction model is altered to simulate the experimental conditions when PHB accumulates, the analysis reveals 20 unique elementary modes. Of these 20 modes, 7 produce PHB with the optimal mode having a theoretical PHB carbon yield of 0.67. Elementary mode analysis was also used to analyze the possible effects of biochemical network modifications and altered culturing conditions. When the natively absent ATP citrate‐lyase activity is added to the recombinant reaction network, the number of unique modes increases from 20 to 496, with 314 of these modes producing PHB. With this topological modification, the maximum theoretical PHB carbon yield increases from 0.67 to 0.83. Adding a transhydrogenase reaction to the model also improves the theoretical conversion of substrate into PHB. The recombinant system with the transhydrogenase reaction but without the ATP citrate‐lyase reaction has an increase in PHB carbon yield from 0.67 to 0.71. When the model includes both the ATP citrate‐lyase reaction and the transhydrogenase reaction, the maximum theoretical carbon yield increases to 0.84. The reaction model was also used to explore the possibility of producing PHB under anaerobic conditions. In the absence of oxygen, the recombinant reaction network possesses two elementary modes capable of producing PHB. Interestingly, both modes also produce ethanol. Elementary mode analysis provides a means of deconstructing complex metabolic networks into their basic functional units. This information can be used for analyzing existing pathways and for the rational design of further modifications that could improve the system's conversion of substrate into product. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 121–134, 2002.
Ultra scaledown to predict filtering centrifugation of secreted antibody fragments from fungal broth
Authors: Boulding N. , Yim S. S. S. , Keshavarz‐Moore E. , Ayazi Shamlou P. , Berry M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractExtracellularly expressed anti–hen egg lysozyme single‐chain antibody fragments (scFv) produced by Aspergillus awamori were recovered using filtering centrifugation. Two filtering centrifuges with 0.5‐ and 30‐L capacities were used to represent laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale equipment, respectively. Critical regime analysis using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique provided information about the local energy dissipation rates in both units. Experimental data indicated loss of scFv activity for energy dissipation rates above about 2.0 × 104 W kg−1. This loss of activity increased in the presence of gas–liquid interfaces during filtering centrifugation. An ultra scaledown filtering centrifuge with a maximum working volume of 35 mL was designed to mimic the operating conditions identified by the critical regime analysis for the laboratory‐ and pilot‐plant‐scale units. The recovered scFv activity levels and the separation performance of the three units were comparable when operated at equal maximum energy dissipation rates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 381–388, 2002.
Optimal temperature and photoperiod for the cultivation of Agardhiella subulata microplantlets in a bubble‐column photobioreactor
Authors: Huang Yao‐ming , Rorrer Gregory L. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe optimal temperature and illumination photoperiod requirements for the phototrophic growth of a novel microplantlet suspension culture derived from the macrophytic marine red alga Agardhiella subulata were determined. The optimal growth temperature was 24°C. The effects of illumination light‐dark (LD) photoperiod (hour of light:hours of darkness within a 24 h cycle) on biomass production was studied within a bubble‐column photobioreactor. The 4.5 cm diameter photobioreactor was maintained at near‐saturation conditions with respect to light flux (38 μmol photons m−2 s−1), nutrient medium delivery (20% nutrient replacement per day), and CO2 delivery (0.35 mmol CO2 L−1 h−1) so that the cumulative effects of photodamage on the cell density versus time curve at photoperiods approaching continuous light could be observed. Biomass production was maximized at 16:8 LD, where biomass densities exceeding 3.6 g dry cell mass L−1 were achieved after 60 days in culture. Biomass production was proportional to photoperiod at low fractional photoperiods (≤10:14 LD), but high fractional photoperiods approaching continuous light (≥ 20:4 LD) shut down biomass production. Biomass production versus time profiles under resource‐saturated cultivation conditions were adequately described by a cumulative photodamage growth model, which coupled reversible photodamage processes to the specific growth rate. Under light‐saturated growth conditions, the rate constant for photodamage was kd = 1.17 ± 0.28 day−1 (±1.0 SE), and the rate constant for photodamage repair was kr = 5.12 ± 0.95 day−1 (±1.0 SE) at 24°C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 135–144, 2002.
Biodegradation of crude oil across a wide range of salinities by an extremely halotolerant bacterial consortium MPD‐M, immobilized onto polypropylene fibers
Authors: Díaz María Piedad , Boyd Kenneth G. , Grigson Steve J. W. , Burgess J. Grant 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe bacterial consortium MPD‐M, isolated from sediment associated with Colombian mangrove roots, was effective in the treatment of hydrocarbons in water with salinities varying from 0 to 180 g L−1. Where the salinity of the culture medium surpassed 20 g L−1, its effectiveness increased when the cells were immobilized on polypropylene fibers. Over the range of salinity evaluated, the immobilized cells significantly enhanced the biodegradation rate of crude oil compared with free‐living cells, especially with increasing salinity in the culture medium. Contrary to that observed in free cell systems, the bacterial consortium MPD‐M was highly stable in immobilized systems and it was not greatly affected by increments in salinity. Biodegradation was evident even at the highest salinity evaluated (180 g L−1), where biodegradation was between 4 and 7 times higher with immobilized cells compared to free cells. The biodegradation of pristane (PR) and phytane (PH) and of the aromatic fraction was also increased using cells immobilized on polypropylene fibers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 79: 145–153, 2002.