bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebound hyperkalemia in a dog with albuterol toxicosis after cessation of potassium supplementation
Authors: Guida Samantha J. , Bazzle Lisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the presentation of rebound hyperkalemia as a delayed side effect of albuterol toxicity in a dog.Case SummaryA 3‐year‐old female neutered mixed‐breed dog was presented for albuterol toxicosis that led to a severe hypokalemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperglycemia. The dog also experienced sinus tachycardia and generalized weakness. Treatment was instituted with intravenous fluid therapy and potassium supplementation, and the dog was monitored with a continuous electrocardiogram. Resolution of hypokalemia was documented 12 hours after initial presentation, at which time fluid therapy and potassium supplementation were discontinued. There were no further periods of sinus tachycardia, but instead the dog developed ventricular ectopy with rapid couplets (instantaneous rates of 300/min). An echocardiogram revealed normal cardiac size and function. Twenty‐four hours after presentation, the patient developed severe hyperkalemia, despite discontinuation of fluids and potassium supplementation for 12 hours. Serial venous and urinary electrolytes were performed for determination of the fractional excretion of electrolytes. These data confirmed rebound hyperkalemia (7.0 mmol/L), consistent with a markedly increased fractional excretion of potassium, and secondary to the release of potassium from inside the cells. Fluid therapy with dextrose supplementation was provided until 36 hours postpresentation. The hyperkalemia resolved, and the dog was discharged after 44 hours of hospitalization.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case documents rebound hyperkalemia following treatment of albuterol toxicosis in a dog. This case highlights the importance of understanding the distribution of total body potassium when treating serum hypokalemia. Transcellular shifts of potassium, as in the case of albuterol toxicosis, can lead to rebound hyperkalemia even after discontinuation of potassium supplementation. This case further explores the utility of fractional excretion of electrolytes in elucidating the etiology and management of electrolyte disturbances.
Evaluation of subchondral bone cysts in canine elbows with radiographic osteoarthritis secondary to elbow dysplasia
Authors: Jones Gareth M. C. , Gosby Madelaine R. , May Eleanore M. , Meeson Richard L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) were present in dogs with radiographic elbow osteoarthritis (OA) and to investigate their relationship with radiographic OA severity.Study designRetrospective cross‐sectional study.Sample populationThirty‐eight Labrador retrievers (total of 76 elbows).MethodsElbow computed tomography (CT) images of 18 young (≤2 years old) and 20 old (>2 years old) Labrador retrievers, which presented for elbow‐associated lameness, were reviewed. Radiographic elbow OA was graded into four groups based on the largest osteophyte size on CT. The presence, number, and maximum diameter of SBCs were determined.ResultsSubchondral bone cysts were only identified in elbows with osteophytic new bone formation. The number and size of SBCs were associated with radiographic OA severity (p < .001 and p = .041 respectively). Specifically, the rate at which SBCs were present increased for both moderate and severe OA in comparison with the mild OA (moderate OA RR = 2.46, 95% CI 2.08–2.92, p < .001; severe OA RR = 5.60, 95% CI 4.79–6.55, p < .001). For dogs with severe OA, there was an increased likelihood that their SBCs were larger than SBCs from dogs with mild OA (OR = 1.056, 95% CI 1.012–1.101, p = .012). No SBCs were observed in elbows without radiographic evidence of OA.ConclusionSubchondral bone cysts were identified as a feature of radiographic elbow osteoarthritis in Labrador retrievers, and their number and size were indicative of the presence and severity of radiographic elbow OA.Clinical significanceSubchondral bone cysts are a potential imaging biomarker for quantitative assessment for canine OA.
The Effect of an Increasing Subglottal Stenosis Constriction That Extends From the Vocal Folds to the Inferior Border of the Cricoid Cartilage
Authors: Michaud-Dorko Jacob , Sundström Elias , de Luzan Charles Farbos , Gutmark Ephraim , Oren Liran 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Acquired subglottal stenosis is an unpredicted complication that can occur in some patients who have undergone prolonged endotracheal intubation. It is a narrowing of the airway at the level of the cricoid cartilage that can restrict airflow and cause breathing difficulty. Stenosis is typically treated with endoscopic airway dilation, with some patients experiencing multiple recurrences. The study highlights the potential of computational fluid dynamics as a noninvasive method for monitoring subglottic stenosis, which can aid in early diagnosis and surgical planning. An anatomically accurate human laryngeal airway model was constructed from computerized tomography (CT) scans. The subglottis cross-sectional area was narrowed systematically using ≈10% decrements. A quadratic profile was used to interpolate the transformation of the airway geometry from its modified shape to the baseline geometry. The numerical results were validated by static pressure measurements conducted in a physical model. The results show that airway resistance follows a squared ratio that is inversely proportional to the size of the subglottal opening (R∝A−2). The study found that critical constriction occurs in the subglottal region at 70% stenosis (upper end of grade 2). Moreover, removing airway tissue below 40% stenosis during surgical intervention does not significantly decrease airway resistance.
Meta Data Analysis of Sex Distribution of Study Samples Reported in Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, and Biotransport Annual Conference Abstracts
Authors: Sebastian Frederick , Vargas Ana I. , Clarin Julia , Hurgoi Anthony , Amini Rouzbeh 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The biased use of male subjects in biomedical research has created limitations, underscoring the importance of including women to enhance the outcomes of evidence-based medicine and to promote human health. While federal policies (e.g., the 1993 Revitalization Act and the 2016 Sex as a Biological Variable Act) have aimed to improve sex balance in studies funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), data on sex inclusivity in non-NIH funded research remain limited. The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of sex inclusion in abstracts submitted to the Summer Biomechanics, Bioengineering, & Biotransport Conference (SB3C) over 7 years. We scored every abstract accepted to SB3C, and the findings revealed that approximately 20% of total abstracts included sex-related information, and this trend remained stable. Surprisingly, there was no significant increase in abstracts, including both sexes and those with balanced female and male samples. The proportion of abstracts with balanced sexes was notably lower than those including both sexes. Additionally, we examined whether the exclusion of one sex from the corresponding studies was justified by the research questions. Female-only studies had a 50% justification rate, while male-only studies had only 2% justification. Disparity in sex inclusion in SB3C abstracts was apparent, prompting us to encourage scientists to be more mindful of the sex of the research samples. Addressing sex inclusivity in biomechanics and mechanobiology research is essential for advancing medical knowledge and for promoting better healthcare outcomes for everyone.
Influence of Buoyancy and Inter-Surface Radiation on Confined Jet Impingement Cooling of a Semi-Cylindrical Concave Plate
Authors: Sarper Bugra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this article, the confined jet impingement cooling of a semicylindrical concave plate is analyzed numerically. The finite volume approach is applied to two-dimensional numerical simulations in the transient regime. Air is employed as the working fluid and is regarded as nonparticipant for radiation. The investigation is done for different jet Reynolds numbers (Rej) ranging from 100 to 1000, as the Richardson number (Ri) corresponding to this interval ranges between 0.1 and 10. For any Richardson number, the modified Grashof number (Gr*) is fixed at 105. When analyzing the impact of intersurface radiation between the target plate and confined surfaces on the overall cooling performance, three emissivity values (ε= 0.05, 0.5, and 0.95) are taken into consideration. Additionally, simulations are done for the pure convective heat transfer, ignoring intersurface radiation (ε= 0.0). The influence of surface emissivity and the Richardson number on velocity, temperature, and pressure distribution in the flow domain, local dimensionless temperature (θ) alterations on the target plate and confined walls, alterations in convective (Nuc), radiative (Nur), overall Nusselt numbers (Nuovr), pressure coefficient (Cp), and ratio of radiative Nusselt number to overall Nusselt number (Nur/Nuovr) on the target plate are highlighted. The findings demonstrate that surface emissivity has a significant influence on thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layer formation, buoyancy induced flow and heat transfer, and the proportion of intersurface radiation in overall heat transfer rises as the Richardson number and surface emissivity increase. At low Richardson numbers, the pressure in the stagnation region is greater than the atmospheric pressure. However, as the buoyancy effect increases, the pressure in the stagnation region falls below the atmospheric pressure and rises toward the exit.
A Re-Evaluation of Rupture Data for CF8C-Plus Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Bolton J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Models of creep rupture data for CF8C-Plus Austenitic steel are presented and compared to recently published models of the same data. Metrics for the accuracy of these models are compared and the reliability of extrapolations to times of practical interest is discussed. Significant differences are reported between previous predictions of long-term rupture strength and the results of re-evaluation.
The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the activity and community composition of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in Arctic seawater
Authors: Marietou Angeliki , Schmidt Jennie Spicker , Rasmussen Martin R. , Scoma Alberto , Rysgaard Søren , Vergeynst Leendert 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

There is a renewed interest in hydrocarbon biodegradation in Arctic seawaters due to increasing ship traffic and risk for oil spills. Most studies, however, fail to address the effect of increasing pressure as an environmental parameter. Here, we conducted a series of pressurized enrichments (0.1–30 MPa, 4°C) inoculated with a 100-day-old hydrocarbon-degrading biofilm collected from 615 m deep in Arctic seawater. Cell-specific CO
2
production rates provided a clear summary of the observed microbial activity: a bloom of a hydrocarbon degrading-biofilm generating 0.82–0.90 fmol CO
2
⋅bacterial gene
−1
⋅day
−1
at 0.1–8 MPa, but undetectable activity at 30 MPa until day 6. At 30 MPa, the microbial activity increased between days 6 and 34 with an average rate of 0.36 ± 0.08 fmol CO
2
⋅bacterial gene
−1
⋅day
−1
. Amplicon sequencing revealed no differences in the microbial community composition at 0.1–12 MPa. While the typical Arctic alkane degraders
Oleispira
and
Shewanella
were abundant across all hydrostatic pressures and over time,
Colwellia, Neptunomonas
,
and Kiloniella
were significantly enriched solely at 30 MPa. Our results suggest that the physiological adaptations of psychrophilic bacteria to thrive at sub-zero temperature make Arctic oil degraders tolerant to mild hydrostatic pressures of up to 12 MPa, whereas temperate climate communities have shown hydrostatic pressure-induced inhibition at 10–15 MPa in comparable studies. The activity of hydrocarbon degraders in sinking marine oil snow in the Arctic may remain unaffected down to depths of about 1,200 m, after which hydrostatic pressure can significantly affect hydrocarbon degradation at increasing depths down to 3,000 m.

IMPORTANCE

Increased ship traffic in the Arctic region raises the risk of oil spills. With an average sea depth of 1,000 m, there is a growing concern over the potential release of oil sinking in the form of marine oil snow into deep Arctic waters. At increasing depth, the oil-degrading community is exposed to increasing hydrostatic pressure, which can reduce microbial activity. However, microbes thriving in polar regions may adapt to low temperature by modulation of membrane fluidity, which is also a well-known adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure. At mild hydrostatic pressures up to 8–12 MPa, we did not observe an altered microbial activity or community composition, whereas comparable studies using deep-sea or sub-Arctic microbial communities with
in situ
temperatures of 4–5°C showed pressure-induced effects at 10–15 MPa. Our results suggest that the psychrophilic nature of the underwater microbial communities in the Arctic may be featured by specific traits that enhance their fitness at increasing hydrostatic pressure.
Regulation of the pleiotropic transcriptional regulator CodY on the conversion of branched-chain amino acids into branched-chain aldehydes in
Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Chen Chen , Huang Zhiyang , Ge Chang , Yu Haiyan , Yuan Haibin , Tian Huaixiang 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
is a key strain in the production of branched-chain aldehydes that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheese. It has been hypothesized that the conversion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) into branched-chain aldehydes is under the regulation of a global transcriptional regulator, CodY; however, the functions remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory effect of CodY on the key genes for the BCAAs conversion into branched-chain aldehydes in
L. lactis
, namely branched-chain aminotransferase (encoded by
bcaT
) α-keto acid decarboxylase (encoded by
kdc
A) and α-keto acid dehydrogenase (encoded by
pdh
ABCD). The deletion of
codY
was associated with a significant increase in the production of 3-methylbutanal and 2-methylbutanal, indicating the inhibitory effect of CodY on the BCAAs conversion into branched-chain aldehydes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated the negative regulatory effect of CodY on
bcaT
and
kdc
A, whereas
pdh
ABCD was activated by CodY. Potential CodY binding sites in the promoter regions of
bcaT
,
kdc
A, and
pdh
ABCD were predicted, and four CodY-boxes within the regulatory regions were verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting assay. The sites located within the promoter of
bcaT
and
kdc
A led to repression by CodY. When one site was located upstream and the other was located within the promoter of
pdh
ABCD, the ultimate effect was activation. Overall, the study revealed that CodY, together with isoleucine, acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator of the conversion of BCAAs into branched-chain aldehydes in
L. lactis
via binding to various regulatory regions of key genes.

IMPORTANCE

Branched-chain aldehydes are the primary compounds that contribute to the nutty flavor in cheddar cheese.
Lactococcus lactis
, which is often applied as primary starter culture, is a significant contributor to the nutty flavor of cheddar cheese due to its ability of conversion of BCAAs into branched-chain aldehydes. In the present study, we found that the regulatory role of CodY is crucial for the conversion. CodY acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator via binding to various regulatory regions of key genes. The results presented valuable knowledge into the role of CodY on the regulation and biosynthetic pathway of branched-chain amino acids and the related aldehydes. Furthermore, it provided new insight for increasing the nutty flavor produced during the manufacture and ripening of cheese.
The effect of single mutations in Zika virus envelope on escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Kikawa Caroline , Cartwright-Acar Catiana H. , Stuart Jackson B. , Contreras Maya , Levoir Lisa M. , Evans Matthew J. , Bloom Jesse D. , Goo Leslie 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Zika virus and dengue virus are co-circulating flaviviruses with a widespread endemic range. Eliciting broad and potent neutralizing antibodies is an attractive goal for developing a vaccine to simultaneously protect against these viruses. However, the capacity of viral mutations to confer escape from broadly neutralizing antibodies remains undescribed, due in part to limited throughput and scope of traditional approaches. Here, we use deep mutational scanning to map how all possible single amino acid mutations in Zika virus envelope protein affect neutralization by antibodies of varying breadth and potency. While all antibodies selected viral escape mutations, the mutations selected by broadly neutralizing antibodies conferred less escape relative to those selected by narrow, virus-specific antibodies. Surprisingly, even for broadly neutralizing antibodies with similar binding footprints, different single mutations led to escape, indicating distinct functional requirements for neutralization not captured by existing structures. Additionally, the antigenic effects of mutations selected by broadly neutralizing antibodies were conserved across divergent, albeit related, flaviviruses. Our approach identifies residues critical for antibody neutralization, thus comprehensively defining the as-yet-unknown functional epitopes of antibodies with clinical potential.

IMPORTANCE
The wide endemic range of mosquito-vectored flaviviruses—such as Zika virus and dengue virus serotypes 1–4—places hundreds of millions of people at risk of infection every year. Despite this, there are no widely available vaccines, and treatment of severe cases is limited to supportive care. An avenue toward development of more widely applicable vaccines and targeted therapies is the characterization of monoclonal antibodies that broadly neutralize all these viruses. Here, we measure how single amino acid mutations in viral envelope protein affect neutralizing antibodies with both broad and narrow specificities. We find that broadly neutralizing antibodies with potential as vaccine prototypes or biological therapeutics are quantifiably more difficult to escape than narrow, virus-specific neutralizing antibodies.
Draft genome sequences of
Neurospora crassa
clade B, isolated from burned
Cytisus
sp. plants in France
Authors: Bonometti Lucas , De Bellis Fabien , Cros-Arteil Sandrine , Gueret Elise , Gladieux Pierre 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Neurospora crassa
clade A is a model system for genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and experimental evolution. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of four isolates of
N. crassa
clade B. These data represent a valuable resource to investigate the population biology and evolutionary history of
N. crassa sensu lato
.
Colistin plasma concentrations are not associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with pneumonia caused by extremely drug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Sorlí Luisa , Luque Sonia , Li Jian , Benítez-Cano Adela , Fernández Xenia , Prim Nuria , Vega Victoria , Gómez-Junyent Joan , López-Montesinos Inmaculada , Gómez-Zorrilla Silvia , Montero M. Milagro , Grau Santiago , Horcajada Juan Pablo 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between colistin plasma concentrations and clinical outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by extensively drug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(XDR-PA). A prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients diagnosed with HAP caused by XDR-PA between January 2010 and September 2018 were included. Steady-state plasma concentrations (
C
ss,avg
) of colistin were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data of colistin in animal models, previous clinical data, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the most prevalent strain in our center, an area under the ROC curve (AUC)/MIC
24h
between 30 and 60 mg·h/L was considered optimal. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcomes were clinical cure and colistin-associated nephrotoxicity. Seventy-five patients were included. The median
C
ss,avg
was 1.1 (0.56–1.75) mg/L and only 23 (30.7%) patients achieved an AUC/MIC
24h
of 30–60 mg·h/L and the 30-day mortality was 30.7%. In multivariate analysis, sequential organ failure assessment score [adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) 1.19 (1.07–1.32)] and high AUC/MIC
24h
(hazard ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.04,
P
= 0.002) were associated with increased risk of death and clinical failure. Based on the maximally selected standardized log-rank statistic, the
C
ss,avg
cutoff point that best predicted mortality was 1.5 mg/L. Nephrotoxicity at the end of treatment was 38.7%. High colistin exposure was not associated with improved clinical outcomes in the setting of HAP caused by XDR-PA. These data suggest that caution is required with intravenous colistin for the treatment of HAP caused by XDR-PA.

IMPORTANCE

In some cases, colistin is the only treatment option for infections caused by the very drug-resistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. However, in the past decade, there have been questions concerning its pharmacokinetics and concentration at the site of infection. In this scenario, its use in a difficult-to-treat infection like pneumonia is currently debatable. This is a clinical pharmacokinetic study of colistin in patients with multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Our findings demonstrate that colistin exposure is associated with worse clinical outcomes rather than better clinical outcomes, implying that other therapeutic options should be explored in this clinical setting.
A new measure of exercise adherence: the ATEMPT (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool)
Authors: Bailey Daniel Leslie , Bishop Annette , McCray Gareth , Foster Nadine E , Holden Melanie A 
Published: November 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to (1) develop a new measure of adherence to exercise for musculoskeletal (MSK) pain (Adherence To Exercise for Musculoskeletal Pain Tool: ATEMPT) based on previously conceptualised domains of exercise adherence, (2) report the content and structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and measurement error for the ATEMPT outcome measure in patients managed with exercise for MSK pain.

Methods
ATEMPT was created using statements describing adherence generated by patients, physiotherapists and researchers, with content validity established. Baseline and retest questionnaires were distributed to patients recommended exercise for MSK pain in 11 National Health Service physiotherapy clinics. Items demonstrating low response variation were removed and the following measurement properties assessed: structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and measurement error.

Results
Baseline and retest data were collected from 382 and 112 patients with MSK pain, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis established that a single factor solution was the best fit according to Bayesian Information Criterion. The 6-item version of the measure (scored 6–30) demonstrated optimal internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha 0.86, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.88) with acceptable levels of test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.84, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.88) and measurement error (smallest detectable change 3.77, 95% CI 3.27 to 4.42) (SE of measurement 2.67, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.16).

Conclusion
The 6-item ATEMPT was developed from the six domains of exercise adherence. It has adequate content and structural validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability and measurement error in patients with MSK pain, but should undergo additional testing to establish the construct validity and responsiveness.