bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and facilitators of evidence‐based physiotherapy practice in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: ShahAli Shabnam , Kajbafvala Mehrnaz , Fetanat Sadaf , Karshenas Fahimeh , Farshbaf Marzieh , Hegazy Fatma , Shahabi Saeed 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo facilitate evidence‐based practice (EBP) in physiotherapy in Iran and guide future improvements, it is crucial to identify what barriers and facilitators exist in the current system from the physiotherapist's perspective. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of EBP in physiotherapy in Iran.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using a phenomenological approach from January to July 2023 in Iran. The sampling process started with a purposive approach, and then an attempt was made to identify and interview more potential samples with the snowball approach. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the collected qualitative data.Results44 individuals, including 37 physiotherapists and seven faculty members, participated in this study. Several barriers and facilitators to evidence‐based physiotherapy practice in Iran were found and then put into three themes: (1) individual factors, (2) practice environment factors, and (3) extra‐organisational factors. The most common barriers were time/workload pressures, financial incentives, lack of motivation, weakness in English, managers' pressures, inadequate awareness among patients, infrastructure limitations, poor economic situation, Internet restrictions, inappropriateness of the educational curriculum, difficult access to scientific research, and lack of insurance coverage for up‐to‐date therapies.ConclusionsAlthough most of the participants had a very positive view of physiotherapy based on scientific evidence, various obstacles have prevented this approach from being well implemented in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to move towards minimising the existing barriers at the individual, practice environment, and extra‐organisational levels by adopting effective multilateral policies.
The complexity of the timetable‐based railway network design problem
Authors: Friesen Nadine , Sander Tim , Büsing Christina , Nachtigall Karl , Nießen Nils 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBecause of the long planning periods and their long life cycle, railway infrastructure has to be outlined long ahead. At the present, the infrastructure is designed while only little about the intended operation is known. Hence, the timetable and the operation are adjusted to the infrastructure. Since space, time and money for extension measures of railway infrastructure are limited, each modification has to be done carefully and long lasting and should be appropriate for the future unknown demand. To take this into account, we present the robust network design problem for railway infrastructure under capacity constraints and uncertain timetables. Here, we plan the required expansion measures for an uncertain long‐term timetable. We show that this problem is NP‐hard even when restricted to bipartite graphs and very simple timetables and present easier solvable special cases. This problem corresponds to the fixed‐charge network design problem where the expansion costs are minimized such that the timetable is conductible. We model this problem by an integer linear program using time expanded networks. To incorporate the uncertainty of the future timetable, we use a scenario‐based approach. We define scenarios with individual departure and arrival times and optional trains. The network is then optimized such that a given percentage of the scenarios can be operated while minimizing the expansion costs and potential penalty costs for not scheduled optional trains.
FTO variation and early frontostriatal brain development in children
Authors: Thapaliya Gita , Kundu Poorbita , Jansen Elena , Naymik Marcus A. , Lee Richard , Bruchhage Muriel Marisa Katharina , D'Sa Viren , Huentelman Matthew J. , Lewis Candace R. , Müller Hans‐Georg , Deoni Sean C. L. ,   RESONANCE consortium, Carnell Susan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveCommon obesity‐associated genetic variants at the fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) locus have been associated with appetitive behaviors and altered structure and function of frontostriatal brain regions. The authors aimed to investigate the influence of FTO variation on frontostriatal appetite circuits in early life.MethodsData were drawn from RESONANCE, a longitudinal study of early brain development. Growth trajectories of nucleus accumbens and frontal lobe volumes, as well as total gray matter and white matter volume, by risk allele (AA) carrier status on FTO single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 were examined in 228 children (102 female, 126 male) using magnetic resonance imaging assessments obtained from infancy through middle childhood. The authors fit functional concurrent regression models with brain volume outcomes over age as functional responses, and FTO genotype, sex, BMI z score, and maternal education were included as predictors.ResultsBootstrap pointwise 95% CI for regression coefficient functions in the functional concurrent regression models showed that the AA group versus the group with no risk allele (TT) had greater nucleus accumbens volume (adjusted for total brain volume) in the interval of 750 to 2250 days (2–6 years).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that common genetic risk for obesity is associated with differences in early development of brain reward circuitry and argue for investigating dynamic relationships among genotype, brain, behavior, and weight throughout development.
A shape parameter insensitive CRBFs‐collocation for solving nonlinear optimal control problems
Authors: Seleit Ahmed E. , Elgohary Tarek A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, we introduce a Coupled Radial Basis Functions collocation (CRBFs‐Coll) approach for solving optimal control problems. CRBFs are real‐valued Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) augmented with a conical spline. They show insensitivity to the shape parameter resulting in robust behavior in function approximation. The method is applied to classical nonlinear optimal control problems: Zermelo's problem, a Duffing oscillator with various boundary conditions, and a nonlinear pendulum on a cart problem. The nonlinear optimal control problem is solved by deriving the necessary conditions for optimality followed by collocation using CRBFs as basis functions for approximating the two‐point boundary value problem (TPBVP). The resulting system of nonlinear algebraic equations (NAEs) is then solved using a standard solver. Unlike existing methods that rely on nodal distributions that are denser at the boundaries to obtain a solution, the present CRBFs‐Coll approach is capable of solving the optimal control problem on uniform nodes without the need for interpolation. The present CRBFs‐Coll approach is shown to be simple to implement and provides accurate results over an equidistant nodal distribution while maintaining a continuous representation of the control and states.
AI Model Versus Clinician Otoscopy in the Operative Setting for Otitis Media Diagnosis
Authors: Suresh Krish , Wu Michael P. , Benboujja Fouzi , Christakis Barbara , Newton Alice , Hartnick Christopher J. , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPrior work has demonstrated improved accuracy in otitis media diagnosis based on otoscopy using artificial intelligence (AI)‐based approaches compared to clinician evaluation. However, this difference in accuracy has not been shown in a setting resembling the point‐of‐care. In this study, we compare the diagnostic accuracy of a machine‐learning model to that of pediatricians using standard handheld otoscopes. We find that the model is more accurate than clinicians (90.6% vs 59.4%, P = .01). This is a step towards validation of AI‐based diagnosis under more real‐world conditions. With further validation, for example on different patient populations and in deployment, this technology could be a useful addition to the clinician's toolbox in accurately diagnosing otitis media.
A Study of the Diagnostic Value of the Sign and Symptom Questionnaires for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
Authors: Zhang Chun , Liu Zhi , Liu Lianlian , Li Jinrang , Wang Xiaoyu , Ju Jun , Wang Jiasen , Zhao Jing , Yu Leilei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of symptom questionnaires, sign questionnaires, and the combination of 2 questionnaires for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD).Study DesignProspective, single‐centered.SettingSeventy‐seven patients who were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery from October 2022 to April 2023 were included.MethodsIncluded patients completed the RSS, RSI, RSA, and RFS questionnaires and underwent 24‐hour hypopharyngeal‐esophageal multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH monitoring (HEMII‐pH). The RSS, RSI, RSA, RFS, RSS+RSA, RSS+RFS, RSI+RSA, RSI+RFS, and RSI+RFS diagnostic value were compared using Cohen's k test and receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsBased on the 24 hours HEMII‐pH results, 52 patients had LPRD, and 25 patients did not have LPRD. The Kappa values of RSS, RSI, RSA, RFS, RSS+RSA,2 RSS+RFS, RSI+RSA, and RSI+RFS with the 24 hours HEMII‐pH monitoring results were 0.565, 0.442, 0.318, 0.431, 0.517, 0.631, 0.451, and 0.461, respectively. The RSS+RFS questionnaire had the highest AUC of 0.836 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.762‐0.909) and the RSA questionnaire had the lowest AUC (AUC = 0.665, 95% CI 0.560‐0.790). The sensitivity of RSS was the highest (98%), the specificities of RSS+RFS and RSI+RFS were the highest (96%), and the specificity of RSS was the lowest (52%). RSS+RFS had a sensitivity of 75%, second only to RSS and RFS (76%).ConclusionAmong the 8 methods, the RSS combined with the RFS had the highest concordance with 24 hours HEMII‐pH monitoring results and AUC values when screening for LPRD.
Deferiprone versus deferoxamine for transfusional iron overload in sickle cell disease and other anemias: Pediatric subgroup analysis of the randomized, open‐label FIRST study
Authors: Hamdy Mona , El‐Beshlawy Amal , Veríssimo Mônica P. A. , Kanter Julie , Inusa Baba , Williams Suzan , Lee David , Temin Noemi Toiber , Fradette Caroline , Tricta Fernando , Ebeid Fatma S. E. , Kwiatkowski Janet L. , Elalfy Mohsen S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are chronically transfused often, require iron chelation therapy. There are limited data that allow for comparison of the efficacy and safety of the iron chelator deferiprone versus deferoxamine in children with SCD.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of the phase 3b/4, randomized, open‐label FIRST (Ferriprox in Patients with IRon Overload in Sickle Cell Disease Trial) study (NCT02041299) included patients 17 years and younger with SCD or other anemias receiving deferiprone or deferoxamine.ResultsOverall, 142 patients were evaluated; mean ages were 10.5 and 11.7 years in the deferiprone and deferoxamine groups, respectively. At 12 months: mean change from baseline in liver iron concentration was −3.3 mg/g dry weight (dw) with deferiprone and −3.4 mg/g dw with deferoxamine (p = .8216); relative mean change (coefficient of variation %) in log cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging was 1.02 (21.8%) with deferiprone and 0.95 (19.5%) with deferoxamine (p = .0717); and the mean (standard error) change in serum ferritin levels was −133.0 (200.3) μg/L with deferiprone and −467.1 (244.1) μg/L with deferoxamine (p = .2924). The most common deferiprone‐related adverse events (AEs) were upper abdominal pain (20.2%), vomiting (13.8%), pyrexia (9.6%), decreased neutrophil count (9.6%), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 9.6%), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 9.6%). All cases of increased ALT, increased AST, and neutropenia resolved, most without intervention.ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis of pediatric patients from FIRST corroborated previous findings in adults that deferiprone is comparable to deferoxamine in reducing iron overload. No new safety concerns were observed. Deferiprone is an oral chelation option that could improve adherence and outcomes in children.
Nylon 66 fibers coated with environmentally friendly dopamine‐modified adhesives and their interfacial adhesion with neoprene rubber
Authors: Liu Ruiyin , Yan Zepei , Liu Ming , Lu Hanbing , Han Xiaoyun , Su Luyao , Zhao Shugao , Wang He 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConsidering the toxicity of traditional resorcinol‐formaldehyde‐latex (RFL) dipping solution used to prepare fiber‐ reinforced rubber composites, a novel eco‐friendly dopamine (DA)‐supported dipping system was developed in this study. Based on the interactions between DA, glycerol triglycidyl ether (GTE), and m‐xylylenediamine (MXDA), the dipping solution successfully coated the surface of the nylon‐66 (PA66), and the resulting GTE/DA/MXDA/latex‐treated PA66 (PA66‐GDML) possessed better thermal stability than untreated PA66. The interfacial adhesion between PA66 and neoprene was significantly improved by using the appropriate interfacial layer and the synergistic effect during co‐vulcanization. The adhesive strength between PA66‐GDML and neoprene was comparable to that obtained in an RFL system, especially when the ratio of GTE/DA/MXDA was 5:1:2.Highlights
An eco‐friendly dopamine‐supported dipping system was developed.
The dipping solution (GTE/DA/MXDA) could successfully coat nylon 66 fibers.
Treated nylon 66 possessed better thermal stability than untreated nylon 66.
The adhesive strength was comparable to that obtained in a RFL system.
The new dipping system shows great potential to replace RFL system.
Silicon‐linked polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene terephthalate (PEG‐PET) nanostructures loaded with Eu3+‐complexes for hybrid luminescent PET materials
Authors: Peng Yao , Wang Yao , Dan Yingdi , Li Zengkun , Sun Quankai , Wang Yanxin , Wang Wei , Du Zhonglin , Huang Linjun , Kipper Matt J. , Belfiore Laurence A. , Tang Jianguo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this work, innovative hybrid poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials with strong luminescence were successfully synthesized by doping PET with silicon‐linked poly(ethylene glycol)‐PET copolymer nanostructures either with (Si‐PEG‐PET) or with (ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET) luminescent Eu3+‐complexes. The chemical properties and nanostructures of the hybrid materials were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. PET composites ranging from 0.25 to 4 wt% silicon additive were prepared by the melt blending method. The crystal properties, mechanical properties, and fluorescence properties of the composites were systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry, x‐ray diffractometry, tensile testing, and fluorescence spectrometry. When the addition of Si‐PEG‐PET or ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET was 0.75 wt%, the relative crystallinity and maximum tensile strength increase substantially. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of hybrid luminescent PET materials is the strongest at 0.75 wt% loading. ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET not only endows PET polyester with stronger fluorescence properties and mechanical properties but also acts as an effective nucleation additive for PET.Highlights
Silicon‐linked poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PEG‐PET) nanostructures generate hybrid luminescent PET materials.
ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET improves the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PET.
The composite with 0.75% addition showed the best fluorescence performance.
Three‐dimensional‐grid structure of ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET enhances the mechanical property of PET.
Biocomposite‐based fibrous scaffolds of natural rubber/polyhydroxybutyrate blend reinforced with 45S5 bioglass aiming at biomedical applications
Authors: Silva Michael J. , Dias Yasmin J. , Zaszczyńska Angelika , Robles Jaqueline Rojas , Abiade Jeremiah , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Kołbuk Dorota , Sajkiewicz Paweł Ł. , Yarin Alexander L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe solution blow spinning technique was used to fabricate a new biocomposite fibrous mat consisting of natural rubber (NR) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bioblend, with various loads of 45S5 bioglass (BG) particles. According to SEM analysis, NR fibers exhibited ribbon‐like morphologies, whereas the addition of PHB resulted in improved fiber formation and a reduction in their diameter. In NR‐PHB/BG biocomposites with varying BG loadings, typical thermal degradation events of PHB (stage i) and NR (stage ii) were observed. In comparison with pure PHB, the TG/DTG curves of NR‐PHB/BG specimens revealed a lower stage i degradation peak. Such an outcome is possibly due to the fact that PHB in the NR‐PHB fibers is located predominantly at the surface, that is, PHB is more susceptible to thermal degradation. The NR‐PHB/BG biocomposite possessed an increased stiffness due to the addition of PHB and BG, resulting in an increased stress and a decreased strain at rupture compared to the pure NR and NR‐PHB mats. DMA analysis revealed two well‐defined regions, above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg), for the storage modulus (E') of the NR‐PHB/BG specimens. The values of E' were in both regions for NR‐PHB/BG specimens increased at higher BG content. The measured tanδ = E″/E' was used to determine the Tg value for all specimens, with Tg found to be in the −49 to −46°C range. Finally, NR‐PHB/BG biocomposite fibrous were proven noncytotoxic by in‐vitro testing on fibroblasts. These biocomposites enhanced cell growth, holding great promise for tissue engineering applications.Highlights
Solution blow spinning technique was used to produce three‐phase biocomposite specimens.
NR‐PHB/BG fibrous mat specimens with a diameter of 9–10 μm were obtained.
Although high BG loads are applied to the NR‐PHB/BG specimens, they remain elastic and flexible.
Fibrous biocomposite mats enhance cell growth and possess great potential for tissue engineering.
An individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns using longitudinal dispensing data
Authors: Xu Stanley , Narwaney Komal J. , Nguyen Anh P. , Binswanger Ingrid A. , McClure David L. , Glanz Jason M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to use electronic opioid dispensing data to develop an individual segmented trajectory approach for identifying opioid use patterns. The resulting opioid use patterns can be used for examining the association between opioid use and drug overdose.MethodsWe retrospectively assembled a cohort of members on long‐term opioid therapy (LTOT) between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2019 who were 18 years and older and enrolled in one of three health care systems in the US. We have developed an individual segmented trajectory analysis for identifying various opioid use patterns by scanning over the follow‐up and finding distinct opioid use patterns based on variability measured with coefficient of variation and trends of milligram morphine equivalents levels.ResultsAmong 31, 865 members who were on LTOT between January 1, 2006 and June 30, 2019, 58.3% were female, and the average age was 55.4 years (STD = 15.4). The study population had 152 557 person‐years of follow‐up, with an average follow‐up of 4.4 years per enrollment per person (STD = 3.4). This novel approach identified up to 13 distinct patterns including 88 756 episodes of “stable” pattern (42.1%) with an average follow‐up of 11.2 months, 29 140 episodes of “increasing” pattern (13.8%) with an average follow‐up of 6.0 months, 13 201 episodes of ≤10% dose reduction (6.3%) with an average follow‐up of 10.4 months, 7286 episodes of 11%–20% dose reduction (3.5%) with an average follow‐up of 5.3 months, 4457 episodes of 21%–30% dose reduction (2.1%) with an average follow‐up of 4.0 months, and 9903 episodes of >30% dose reduction (4.7%) with an average follow‐up of 2.6 months.ConclusionsA novel approach was developed to identify 13 distinct opioid use patterns using each individual's longitudinal dispensing data and these patterns can be used in examining overdose risk during the time that these patterns are ongoing.
Synergistic effect between molybdenum back contact and CIGS absorber in the degradation of solar cells
Authors: Debono Adèle , L'Hostis Hortense , Rebai Amelle , Mysliu Erlind , Odnevall Inger , Schneider Nathanaelle , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Erbe Andreas , Volovitch Polina 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe stability of molybdenum (Mo) back contact and Cu (InxGa(1‐x)Se2(CIGS) absorber layers interfaces relevant for CIGS‐based solar cells was investigated using accelerated aging test, considering humidity and temperature daily variations as well as atmospheric pollution. Different configurations of sputtered Mo and co‐evaporated CIGS layers deposited on soda lime glass with or without ALD‐Al2O3 encapsulation were investigated. They were exposed for 14 days to 24 h‐cycles of temperature and humidity (25°C at 85% RH and 80°C at 30% RH) with and without solution of the pollutant salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4) deposited as drops on the sample to mimic marine, industrial, and rural atmospheric conditions, respectively. ALD‐Al2O3 encapsulation failed to protect the samples against the pollutants regardless of configuration. The evolution of the films was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Unencapsulated Mo degraded forming a mixture of oxides (MoO2, MoO3, and Mo8O23). Unencapsulated CIGS on glass substrates was not altered, whereas dark spots were visible at the surface of Mo/CIGS configurations. Further characterization evidenced that even though the Mo layer was buried, its corrosion products were formed on top of CIGS. Mo corrosion products and copper selenide, Cu2‐xSe, were identified in dark spots. Their formation and evolution were further investigated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. A speculative mechanism explaining the interplay of molybdenum and CIGS layers during aging is proposed. In place of Mo oxides, detected on the open surface of bare Mo, soluble molybdates are expected in confined environment where alkalinity locally increases. The molybdate ions may then react with sodium ions accumulated at the grain boundaries of CIGS, forming Na2MoO4. The latter could form Na2Mo2O7 during drying because of pH decrease by atmospheric CO2 adsorption. High pH in confined zone, combined with relatively high temperature, is also believed to lixiviate gallium into soluble tetragallates [Ga (OH)4]2−, which could precipitate into Ga2O3 with pH decrease leaving Ga depleted Cu2‐xSe.