bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel interval‐halving framework for automated identification of process trends
Authors: Dash Sourabh , Maurya Mano Ram , Venkatasubramanian Venkat , Rengaswamy Raghunathan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractQualitative process trend representation is an useful approach to model the temporal evolution of sensor data and has been applied in areas such as process monitoring, data compression, and fault diagnosis. However, the sheer volume of real‐time sensor data that needs to be processed necessitates an automated approach for trend extraction. The step of recovering important temporal features is a difficult procedure to automate because of the absence of a priori knowledge about the sensor trend characteristics such as noise and varying scales of evolution. A novel approach is proposed to automatically identify the qualitative shapes of sensor trends using a polynomial‐fit based interval‐halving technique. To estimate the significance of fit‐error, an estimate of the noise obtained from wavelet‐based denoising is used. The procedure identifies the qualitative trend as a sequence of piecewise unimodals or quadratic segments. The least‐order (among constant, first‐order and quadratic) polynomial with fit‐error statistically insignificant compared to noise (as dictated by F‐test) is used to represent the segment. If the fit‐error is large even for the quadratic polynomial, then the length is halved and the process is repeated on the first half segment until fit‐error is acceptable. A constrained polynomial fit is used to ensure the continuity of the fitted data and an outlier detection methodology is used to detect any jump (step) changes in the signal. The whole procedure is recursively applied to the remaining data until the entire data record is covered. Finally, a unique assignment of qualitative shape is made to each of the identified segments. The application of the interval‐halving technique for trend extraction is illustrated on a variety of both simulated and industrial data. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical EngineersAIChE J, 50: 149–162, 2004
Thermal imaging of breathing patterns during CO oxidation on a Pd/glass cloth
Authors: Digilov R. , Nekhamkina O. , Sheintuch M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractInfrared (IR) thermography studies of oscillatory behavior during catalytic oxidation of CO over Pd supported on a glass‐fiber catalytic cloth were conducted in a continuous reactor with feed flowing perpendicular to and through the disk‐shaped catalyst. Typical thermograms of sustained patterns exhibit a hot spot that expands and contracts continuously (a breathing pattern), in a temporal pattern that matched the oscillations in exit CO2 concentration. The oscillations were of the complex relaxation type, with fast (1‐min) oscillations superimposed on the active phase of the long (10–60‐min) cycle. The change in the number of these smaller peaks, with a varying parameter, corresponds to a period‐adding scenario. A model based on a published kinetic (isothermal) oscillator for this reaction, coupled with a solid‐phase enthalpy and gas‐phase mass balances, predicts these main features of the pattern. The novelty of these experimental results lies in the pattern, which is well defined and amenable to a systematic mathematical modeling, in the short period of the fast oscillations, as well as in the catalyst geometry, a disk‐shaped cloth. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 163–172, 2004
Effect of radial temperature profiles on yields in steam cracking
Authors: Van Geem K. M. , Heynderickx G. J. , Marin G. B. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRadial temperature profiles during steam cracking result in radial nonuniformities in the product yields due to radial variations in the concentration of the radicals. The effect of using a 1‐D or a 2‐D reactor model on the calculated product yields is evaluated for the cracking of ethane. With a 2‐D reactor model the simulated ethylene yield decreases. Ethylene formed at the high‐temperature zone near the hot wall diffuses to the center where secondary reactions are favored, generating C3 and C4 olefins. This effect is confirmed by the calculation of a reactor of a Kellogg Millisecond Furnace. In this small‐diameter reactor the 1‐D behavior is more pronounced, resulting in higher ethylene yields at comparable conversions. The effect of the radial gradients on the coking rate calculated with a fundamental kinetic coking model based on elementary reaction steps is even more pronounced. Only when the coke model is coupled to a 2‐D reactor model, a good agreement with the reference data is observed. In order to obtain accurate simulation results the more detailed 2‐D reactor model is required, even if this increases the computational effort. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 173–183, 2004
New design for efficient diesel particulate trap regeneration
Authors: Zheng Haishan , Keith Jason M. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUsing numerical simulations shows that particulate trap regeneration does not occur below a certain critical inlet temperature, 679 K, for a typical diesel exhaust mass flow rate of 0.0523 kg/s. A new bypass design for particulate trap regeneration has been studied, where the exhaust flow is divided into several channels, which results in a smaller flow rate in each particulate filter. This reduces the critical inlet temperature by 20 K to 40 K, depending on the number of channels, and allows for improved regeneration efficiency with low electric energy consumption. In addition, a zero‐order analytical estimate for the ignition time is also developed, given by uig = 2.50/ξ + ln|ri| − 0.344, where uig is a dimensionless ignition time, ri is a reduced temperature, and ξ depends upon feed temperature, flow rate, oxygen concentration, and initial deposit thickness. An optimal design using three bypass channels is obtained by theory and simulation. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 184–191, 2004
Kinetics of cellulose conversion at 25 MPa in sub‐ and supercritical water
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuru , Adschiri Tadafumi , Arai Kunio 
Published: January 2004

AbstractExperiments of microcrystalline cellulose conversion in subcritical and supercritical water were conducted at temperatures between 290 and 400°C, a pressure of 25 MPa, and residence times of 0.02–13.1 s using a continuous‐flow‐type microreactor. First, the reaction mechanism of microcrystalline cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water was proposed on the basis of detailed product analyses. Next, the kinetic description of this reaction in subcritical and supercritical water using a grain model was carried out to verify the proposed reaction mechanism and consequently found that the reaction‐rate models were able to express the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose at identical conditions. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 192–202, 2004
PSRK method for gas hydrate equilibria: I. Simple and mixed hydrates
Authors: Yoon Ji‐Ho , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Komai Takeshi , Kawamura Taro 
Published: January 2004

AbstractA thermodynamic model using the predictive Soave‐Redlich‐Kwong (PSRK) group contribution method to calculate the fugacities of all components in the vapor and liquid phases in equilibrium with the coexisting hydrate phase is proposed. Since the PSRK method together with the UNIFAC model takes the gas–gas interaction in the vapor and liquid phases into account, the phase equilibria of mixed gas hydrates can be successfully reproduced. This approach greatly improves upon the accuracy of the modified Huron‐Vidal second‐order (MHV2) model, especially for three‐guest hydrate systems. Based on experimentally determined X‐ray data, an accurate representation for the molar volume of the structure I (sI) hydrate is provided and used for predicting the equilibrium dissociation of methane hydrate at high pressures. Using this correlation, it is possible to reduce noticeable errors in dissociation predictions of high‐pressure hydrate formers. Complete phase behavior, including a new quadruple point, which is predicted to be 272.6 K and 7.55 MPa, for cyclopropane hydrate, is presented by the proposed model calculation. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 203–214, 2004
Effect of pressure on the complete phase behavior of binary mixtures
Authors: Lamm Monica H. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractUsing Gibbs‐Duhem integration and semigrand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, temperature vs. composition phase diagrams for a binary Lennard‐Jones mixture, σ11/σ22 = 0.85 and ϵ11/ϵ22 = 1.6, are calculated at several reduced pressures in order to examine the effects of pressure on complete phase behavior (that is, equilibrium between vapor, liquid, and solid phases). Interference is observed between the vapor–liquid and solid–liquid coexistence regions at the lowest pressure. As the pressure increases, the vapor–liquid coexistence region shifts to higher temperatures, while the solid–liquid coexistence region remains essentially unaffected. Eventually, the vapor–liquid coexistence region lifts off the solid–liquid coexistence region, ending the interference. Pressure vs. temperature projections for binary Lennard‐Jones mixtures at σ11/σ22 = 0.85, 0.9, and 0.95, and ϵ11/ϵ22 = 0.45 and 1.6 are also presented to explore how the three‐phase loci (solid–liquid–vapor and solid–solid–liquid) change with variations in diameter ratio and well‐depth ratio. It is found that as the diameter ratio decreases, the maximum pressure in the solid–liquid–vapor locus decreases and the characteristic shape of the solid–liquid coexistence region changes from peritectic to eutectic. As the well‐depth ratio decreases, the maximum pressure in the solid–liquid–vapor locus increases. For one mixture, σ11/σ22 = 0.9 and ϵ11/ϵ22 = 1.6, a quadruple point of solid–solid–liquid–vapor coexistence is located. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 215–225, 2004
Coupled mesoscale—continuum simulations of copper electrodeposition in a trench
Authors: Drews Timothy O. , Webb Eric G. , Ma David L. , Alameda Jay , Braatz Richard D. , Alkire Richard C. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractCopper electrodeposition in submicron trenches involves phenomena that span many orders of magnitude in time and length scales. In the present work, two codes that simulate electrochemical phenomena on different time and length scales were externally linked. A Monte Carlo code simulated surface phenomena in order to resolve surface roughness evolution and trench in‐fill. A 2‐D finite difference code simulated transport phenomena in the diffusion boundary layer outside the trench. The continuum code passed fluxes to the Monte Carlo code, which passed back a concentration to the continuum code. A numerical instability that arises in the multiscale linked code was suppressed by filtering the concentration data passed from the Monte Carlo code to the finite difference code. The resulting simulation results were self‐consistent for a sufficiently small amount of filtering. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 226–240, 2004
Electric‐field generation by gas–solid combustion
Authors: Martirosyan K. S. , Filimonov I. A. , Luss Dan 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThe combustion of metal particles may generate a temporal electrical field due to a difference in the electrochemical potential across the growing oxide shell, which usually is a mixed ionic electronic conductor. A novel measurement technique enables simultaneously measurement of the temporal electrical field and temperature generated by a planar reaction wave during highly exothermic gas–solid reactions. The voltage formed after the rate of the temperature rise reached its maximum value, but before the temperature attained its maximum. For both simple (TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO) and complex oxides (LiMn2O4, SrFe12O19, PbFe12O19, BaTiO3) the voltage grew to its maximum value within 0.2–0.6 s, irrespective of the distance between the measuring probes. The decay of the voltage signal was slower than its rise. Increasing the distance between the measuring probes increased the period during which the voltage decayed. The difference between the time at which the temperature attained its maximum and the electrical signal vanished depended on both the distance between the two probes, and on the difference in time at which the voltage and temperature attained their maximum. Changing the exothermicity of the reaction (by dilution of the reactant mixture) can shift the time of the voltage decay relative to that at which the maximum temperature occurs. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 241–248, 2004
Viscous drag of deformed vesicles in optical trap: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Foo J. J. , Liu K. K. , Chan V. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractTraditionally, Stokes' Law is applied in the calculation of the maximum drag force induced by optical trap on a rigid sphere under hydrodynamics flow. Experimental results show that the spherical phospholipid vesicle, traveling in liquid medium, is significantly deformed by hydrodynamics force, and, thereby, the drag force may deviate from that of a rigid sphere. Thus, it is critical to elucidate whether a discrepancy exists in the calculated drag force when the trapped vesicle is deformed under flow. In this study, optical tweezers is applied to interrogate the shape deformation of a moving unilamellar vesicle, and a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package is used to calculate the drag force and wall stress distribution on the vesicle surface. The results show that shear stress distributions are reduced for a deformed vesicle in the liquid medium. The drag force deviation approaches 22.2% even for a slightly deformed vesicle. Overall, this study provides new insights into the mechanics of suspending cellular entities under flow and interpretation of drag force of a deformable liposome. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J. 50:249–254, 2004
Simultaneous manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL)
Authors: Sokol Lubomir , Agosti Steven J. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractWe report a unique case of 83‐year‐old Caucasian male with the initial simultaneous manifestation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL). The patient presented with absolute lymphocytosis in the blood, asymptomatic generalized lymphadenopathy, and mild splenomegaly. The diagnosis of CLL was suggested from the blood film, but subsequent flow cytometric (FC) analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) revealed two distinct abnormal clones of mature B cells. A small subpopulation (7%) of lymphoid cells expressed CD20, CD11c, FMC‐7, CD103, CD25, and kappa surface light chain, consistent with HCL. The larger subpopulation (75%) of lymphoid cells expressed CD19, CD20, CD23, CD5, and lambda light chain, consistent with CLL. The expression of different immunoglobulin light chains on the circulating CLL (lambda) and HCL (kappa) cells suggested two, independent, malignant B‐cell clones. Interestingly, FC analysis of bone marrow (BM) cells done 6 months later revealed bright lambda light chain expression on the HCL cells. Despite administration of several different courses of chemotherapy, the HCL subpopulation was not eliminated from the BM but remained stable between 7% and 10% of total BM lymphoid cells. The CLL, responsible for most of clinical symptoms in our patient, responded to combination chemotherapy with fludarabine and cytoxan, and later to monotherapy with rituximab. Am. J. Hematol. 75:107–109, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new type of autosomal recessive spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda
Authors: Leroy J.G. , Leroy B.P. , Emmery L.V. , Messiaen L. , Spranger J.W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractRepeated occurrence of a hitherto unrecognized form of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SED tarda) has been studied in two independent families. Because parental consanguinity was also present in one family, autosomal recessive inheritance is proposed. The onset was in late childhood. The slowly evolving disorder shared several features of the already known types of SED tarda. The radiographic abnormalities were limited to the spine and proximal femora. The patients' hands were normal. The entity described is set apart not only from the X‐linked and autosomal‐dominant forms of SED tarda but also from the already delineated autosomal recessive types by significant clinical and radiographic differences. Final genotypic characterization must await the results of genetic linkage studies and of appropriate molecular genetics investigations. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening adherence in BRCA1/2 families is associated with primary physicians' behavior
Authors: Tinley Susan T. , Houfek Julia , Watson Patrice , Wenzel Lari , Clark Mary Beth , Coughlin Susan , Lynch Henry T. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractThis study provides an assessment of long‐term breast and ovarian cancer screening behaviors and the variables associated with adherence with screening among women with or at 50% for having a BRCA1/2 mutation. Participants in the study included 112 women (33 mutation carriers and 79 at 50% risk). Data was collected through a mailed questionnaire, which included items to assess screening behaviors in the last 2 years, risk perception, cancer specific distress, adherence determinants, specific barriers, and cancer history. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and non‐parametric tests to describe bivariate associations and regression analysis. Adherence rates were 72% for annual mammography, 21% for semi‐annual clinical breast exam (CBE), 29% for monthly breast self‐exam (BSE), and 19% for annual transvaginal ultrasound (US). Only one participant was adherent with semi‐annual CA125. Variables that had a significant association (P < 0.05) with at least one screening modality included: a lack of time, marital status, education, cancer history, provider concern, perceived screening utility, confidence in ability to overcome barriers, cancer specific distress, and risk perception. Primary physician behavior, either in terms of screening recommendations or screening performance in the case of CBE, had significant independent association with adherence to mammography, CBE, and US screening recommendations. The results of this study highlight the essential role that primary physicians play in supporting their very high‐risk patients' adherence. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda: A novel SEDL mutation in a Jewish Ashkenazi family and clinical intervention considerations
Authors: Bar‐Yosef Udy , Ohana Eric , Hershkovitz Eli , Perlmuter Sarit , Ofir Rivka , Birk Ohad S. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractX‐linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT; MIM 313400) is a late onset progressive skeletal disorder, which manifests in childhood and is characterized by disproportionate short stature with a short trunk, barrel chest and absence of systemic complications. We found a single‐nucleotide deletion in position 613 of the SEDL gene in two brothers of Jewish‐Ashkenazi ancestry afflicted with the disease. This is the first description of SEDL mutations in a Jewish family. Following this finding, an eight‐month old second cousin of the brothers, who had yet no clinical or radiological signs of the disease, was found to carry the deletion. Another relative, 24‐years old, carrying the same mutation was 1.61 m tall and had only minimal signs of the disease. These findings raise the dilemma of pre‐natal counseling in SEDL and the need for exploring means of early intervention in pre‐symptomatic cases. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A dyslexia susceptibility locus (DYX7) linked to dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) region on chromosome 11p15.5
Authors: Hsiung Ging‐Yuek R. , Kaplan Bonnie J. , Petryshen Tracey L. , Lu Shao , Field L. Leigh 
Published: January 2004

AbstractDyslexia is a disability in acquiring reading and spelling skills that is independent of general intelligence and educational opportunity, and is highly heritable. It is known that dyslexia often co‐occurs with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the 7‐repeat allele of the 48‐bp tandem repeat in exon 3 of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) has been implicated in ADHD. We, therefore, investigated DRD4 as a candidate gene for dyslexia by testing for linkage and association with 14 markers at and around the DRD4 locus on chromosome 11p15.5. Using 100 families having at least two siblings affected with dyslexia, model‐free linkage analysis revealed evidence for linkage to the DRD4‐exon 3 repeat (two‐point MFLOD = 2.27, P = 0.001) and to HRAS located just proximal to DRD4 (two‐point MFLOD = 2.68, P = 0.0004). Evidence for linkage was maximal between DRD4 and HRAS (three‐point MFLOD = 3.57, P = 0.00005). However, linkage disequilibrium analysis showed no significant evidence for association between dyslexia and DRD4 or HRAS. In particular, dyslexic subjects showed no significant increase of the DRD4 7‐repeat allele associated with ADHD. It is possible that other DRD4 variants, not in strong linkage disequilibrium with the exon 3 repeat polymorphism, or alternatively, another gene very closely linked to DRD4, may influence susceptibility to dyslexia. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association and transmission analysis of the FMR1 IVS10 + 14C‐T variant in autism
Authors: Vincent John B. , Thevarkunnel Sandy , Kolozsvari Debbie , Paterson Andrew D. , Roberts Wendy , Scherer Stephen W. 
Published: January 2004

AbstractEvidence from the high male to female ratio of individuals with autism as well as suggestive linkage data have implicated the possible involvement of X chromosomal loci in the aetiology of autism. Studies of the FMR1 gene on Xq27 have shown that occasionally individuals, and particularly females, with the [CGG] repeat expansion and methylation mutation may present with autistic symptoms. However, molecular studies suggest that such mutations are not a major cause of autism. Previously, we have screened autism probands for mutations in regions of the FMR1 gene downstream of the [CGG] repeat and identified an intronic variant in the FMR1 gene, IVS10 + 14C‐T, which was present at a significantly higher frequency in autistic individuals compared to controls individuals. We have now investigated this variant in a further 136 autism families and 186 control individuals. We have established that the variant is significantly more frequent among East Asian individuals within our affected and control groups (P < 0.0001) and although we observed a trend of higher transmission frequency of the rare allele to affected individuals, there was no significant evidence in either family‐based or case/control association studies for this variant in autism (P > 0.05). © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.