bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro effects of an Er:YAG laser, a GaAlAs diode laser, and scaling and root planing on periodontally diseased root surfaces: A comparative histologic study
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Sculean Anton , Berakdar Mohammad , Szathmari Ludwig , Georg Thomas , Becker Jürgen 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe aim of the present histologic study was to compare the in vivo and in vitro effects of an erbium: yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser (ERL), combined with a fluorescent calculus detection system, a diode laser (DL) and scaling and root planing (SRP) on periodontally diseased root surfaces.Study Design/Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four single rooted teeth, considered for extraction due to severe periodontal destruction, were included in the study. Prior to extraction all mesial root surfaces were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: (1) ERL combined with a calculus detection system with fluorescence induced by 655 nm InGaAsP DL radiation (160 mJ/pulse and 10 pulses/second under water irrigation) (ERL), or (2) GaAlAs DL (1.8 W, pulse/pause relation 1:10), or (3) SRP using hand instruments. Immediately after extraction, all distal root surfaces were treated with the same instruments under standardized conditions. For light microscopic investigation, a plastic embedding technique was used to cut the undecalcified roots into 30 μm thick crossections. The following parameters were recorded by on blind examiner: remaining debris, root surface morphology, and thermal side effects.ResultsRoot surfaces instrumented with both, ERL in vivo and DL in vitro exhibited no detectable surface alterations. In contrast, ERL scaling in vitro and SRP in vivo/in vitro produced superficial microchanges in root cementum. However, irradiation with DL in vivo caused severe damages to the root surface (i.e., crater formation). There were no signs of thermal side effects in all laser treated groups. ERL provided subgingival calculus removal on a level equivalent to that provided by SRP. DL was unsuitable for calculus removal, since macroscopic inspection revealed the presence of large amounts of subgingival calculus.ConclusionsThe present in vivo results showed that (i) ERL, combined with a fluorescent calculus detection system, provided a selective subgingival calculus removal on a level equivalent to that provided by SRP, and (ii) DL, using this power output, was unsuitable for calculus removal and altered the root surface in an undesirable manner. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:359–366, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wavelength and average power density dependency of the surface modification of root dentin using an MIR‐FEL
Authors: Heya Manabu , Sano Shu , Takagi Nobuhiko , Fukami Yuko , Awazu Kunio 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurface modification of root dentin by mid‐infrared (MIR) pulsed‐laser irradiation is one of the candidates for a novel, non‐invasive treatment to prevent root surface caries. To modify root dentin effectively and non‐invasively it is essential to estimate quantitatively and qualitatively the laser parameters, such as the wavelength and power density, required for surface modification. The key aspect is to bring about effective surface modification of the root dentin while minimizing the unwanted removal of the underlying dentin.Study Design/Materials and MethodsUsing a tunable, MIR Free Electron Laser with λ = 8.8–10.6 μm, we have investigated macroscopically the extent of the surface modification (morphological and chemical changes) of root dentin. We have obtained experimental results related to the ablation depth, the MIR absorption spectrum, and the elemental chemical composition.ResultsThe observations showed that the surface modification of root dentin was inclined toward well‐recrystallized HAp‐like material, leading to an increase in the acid resistance and dentinal tubule sealing. The laser parameters, at which efficient surface modification without enhanced ablation occurred, were estimated to be approximately in the wavelength region around λ = ∼9.0 or ∼9.7 μm and in the average power density region of ∼10–20 W/cm2 (resulting in total energy density and peak power density regions of ∼1–2 kJ/cm2 and ∼0.67–1.2 kW/cm2).ConclusionsThe surface modification of root dentin strongly depends on the laser parameters applied. We conclude that the optimum wavelengths for laser treatment of root surface caries are λ = ∼9.0 or ∼9.7 μm, corresponding to the absorption peak due to P‐O stretching. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:349–358, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transurethral endoscopic treatment of upper urinary tract tumors using a holmium:YAG laser
Authors: Matsuoka Kei , lida Shizuka , Tomiyasu Katsuro , Inoue Michiro , Noda Shinshi 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe feasibility of treating upper urinary tract tumors with a holmium:YAG (Ho:YAG) laser in transurethral endoscopy was examined.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThirty‐three treatments were performed on 30 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral carcinomas. After vaporization and coagulation eliminated the tumors, the surrounding mucosa was fully coagulated. Postoperative follow‐up consisted of urinary cytology once a month, cystoscopy every 3 months, excretory pyelography every 6 months, and uretero‐pyeloscopy every 6–12 months.ResultsThe recurrence rate after the first treatment was 86% in the imperative indication group. The tumor‐free rate (median follow‐up, 37 months) in the imperative indication group was 57%. In the elective indication group, those values were 20 and 95% (median follow‐up, 33 months), respectively.ConclusionsTransurethral endoscopic treatment of upper urinary tract tumors using Ho:YAG laser can be a useful method on limited cases identified into specific treatments groups combined with a strict follow‐up. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:336–340, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autofluorescence characteristics of healthy oral mucosa at different anatomical sites
Authors: de Veld Diana C.G. , Skurichina Marina , Witjes Max J.H. , Duin Robert P.W. , Sterenborg Dick J.C.M. , Star Willem M. , Roodenburg Jan L.N. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAutofluorescence spectroscopy is a promising tool for oral cancer detection. Its reliability might be improved by using a reference database of spectra from healthy mucosa. We investigated the influence of anatomical location on healthy mucosa autofluorescence.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSpectra were recorded from 97 volunteers using seven excitation wavelengths (350–450 nm), 455–867 nm emission. We studied intensity and applied principal component analysis (PCA) with classification algorithms. Class overlap estimates were calculated.ResultsWe observed differences in fluorescence intensity between locations. These were significant but small compared to standard deviations (SD). Normalized spectra looked similar for locations, except for the dorsal side of the tongue (DST) and the vermilion border (VB). Porphyrin‐like fluorescence was observed frequently, especially at DST. PCA and classification confirmed VB and DST to be spectrally distinct. The remaining locations showed large class overlaps.ConclusionsNo relevant systematic spectral differences have been observed between most locations, allowing the use of one large reference database. For DST and VB separate databases are required. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:367–376, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of linearly polarized 0.6–1.6 μM irradiation on stellate ganglion function in normal subjects and people with complex regional pain (CRPS I)
Authors: Basford Jeffrey R. , Sandroni Paola , Low Phillip A. , Hines Stacy M. , Gehrking Jade A. , Gehrking Tonette L. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStellate ganglion blocks are an effective but invasive treatment of upper extremity pain. Linearly polarized red and near‐infrared (IR) light is promoted as a safe alternative to this procedure, but its effects are poorly established. This study was designed to assess the physiological effects of this latter approach and to quantitate its benefits in people with upper extremity pain due to Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I (CRPS I, RSD).Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis was a two‐part study. In the first phase, six adults (ages 18–60) with normal neurological examinations underwent transcutaneous irradiation of their right stellate ganglion with linearly polarized 0.6–1.6 μm light (0.92 W, 88.3 J). Phase two consisted of a double‐blinded evaluation of active and placebo radiation in 12 subjects (ages 18–72) of which 6 had upper extremity CRPS I and 6 served as “normal” controls. Skin temperature, heart rate (HR), sudomotor function, and vasomotor tone were monitored before, during, and for 30 minutes following irradiation. Analgesic and sensory effects were assessed over the same period as well as 1 and 2 weeks later.ResultsThree of six subjects with CRPS I and no control subjects experienced a sensation of warmth following active irradiation (P = 0.025). Two of the CRPS I subjects reported a >50% pain reduction. However, four noted minimal or no change and improvement did not reach statistical significance for the group as a whole. No statistically significant changes in autonomic function were noted. There were no adverse consequences.ConclusionsIrradiation is well tolerated. There is a suggestion in this small study that treatment is beneficial and that its benefits are not dependent on changes in sympathetic tone. Further evaluation is warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:417–423, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradable Phosphorylcholine Polymer Hydrogels Cross‐Linked with Vinyl‐Functionalized Polyphosphate
Authors: Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Komatsu Shinpei , Narita Tadashi , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA vinyl‐functionalized polyphosphate (PIOP) was synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of 2‐isopropyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane and 2‐(2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphoroyloxyethyl methacrylate) with triisobutylaluminum as an initiator. The number‐averaged molecular weight of the PIOP was 1.2 × 104. The average number of vinyl groups in the PIOP is 2.20. Transparent hydrogels were prepared by the radical polymerization of 2‐methacryroyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine with PIOP as a cross‐linking reagent. These hydrogels may have many applications in the biomedical field because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility.Synthetic route of PIOP.magnified imageSynthetic route of PIOP.
Skeletal muscle disorders associated with selenium deficiency in humans
Authors: Chariot Patrick , Bignani Olivier 
Published: May 2003

AbstractSkeletal muscle disorders manifested by muscle pain, fatigue, proximal weakness, and serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation have been reported in patients with selenium deficiency. The object of this report was to review the conditions in which selenium deficiency is associated with human skeletal muscle disorders and to evaluate the importance of mitochondrial alterations in these disorders. A systematic literature review using the Medline database and Cochrane Library provided 38 relevant articles. The main conditions associated with selenium deficiency fell into three categories: (1) insufficient selenium intake in low soil‐selenium areas; (2) parenteral or enteral nutrition, or malabsorption; and (3) chronic conditions associated with oxidative stress, such as chronic alcohol abuse and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. In low soil‐selenium areas, reversibility of muscle symptoms was similar after selenium supplementation and placebo administration, suggesting a role for other factors in the development of disease. In parenteral or enteral nutrition, or malabsorption, muscle symptoms improved after selenium supplementation in 18 of 19 patients (median delay: 4 weeks). The reason that only a minority of selenium‐deficient patients present with skeletal muscle disorders is unclear and is possibly related to cofactors, such as viral infections and drugs. Prospective studies of selenium‐deficient myopathies would be useful in critically ill patients, alcohol abusers, and HIV‐infected patients. Muscle Nerve 27: 662–668, 2003
Autonomic dysfunction in peripheral nerve disease
Authors: Low Phillip A. , Vernino Steven , Suarez Guillermo 
Published: May 2003

AbstractAutonomic neuropathies are inherited or acquired neuropathies in which autonomic nerve fibers are selectively or disproportionately affected. Generally, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers are both affected but there are exceptions. Acquired cases can be autoimmune; due to diabetes, amyloidosis, drugs, or toxins; or idiopathic. Autoimmune autonomic neuropathy is often subacute, sometimes associated with a neoplasm, and associated with high titers of antibody to ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in about half of the severe cases. The molecular basis of inherited autonomic neuropathies is better known, including recent identification of the loci and genes of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies types I, III, and IV. The inherited amyloid neuropathies are due to mutations of three proteins: transthyretin, apolipoprotein A1, and gelsolin. Non‐invasive autonomic testing complements clinical and electrophysiological characterization of the autonomic neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 27: 646–661, 2003
Needle EMG of abductor hallucis and peroneus tertius in normal subjects
Authors: Boon Andrea J. , Harper C. Michel 
Published: May 2003

AbstractNormal values for standard concentric‐needle electromyography (EMG) of the abductor hallucis (AH) and peroneus tertius (PT) muscles have not been established to date, yet both are potentially useful muscles in the diagnosis of length‐dependent peripheral nerve disorders. Forty‐three normal asymptomatic subjects stratified by age underwent a standard set of nerve conduction studies and concentric‐needle examination to exclude asymptomatic disease and develop normal values for the AH and the PT for various EMG parameters. Fibrillation potentials were observed in the AH in 21% of normal subjects (10% < 60 years old, 30% > 60 years old); 19% of subjects were unable to voluntarily activate the AH. All subjects could activate the PT regardless of age. No fibrillation potentials were observed in subjects < 60 years of age, whereas 9% of those older than 60 years had mild fibrillation potentials in the PT. The PT is a useful muscle in the evaluation of length‐dependent peripheral neuropathy and other peripheral nerve disorders of the lower extremities, on the basis of ease of motor unit potential activation and analysis, and relative infrequency of fibrillation potentials in normal subjects. Muscle Nerve 27: 752–756, 2003
Motor unit number estimation in the evaluation of focal conduction block
Authors: Jillapalli Devanand , Bradshaw Deborah Y. , Shefner Jeremy M. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTemporal dispersion and phase cancellation limit the utility of amplitude reduction in compound muscle action potential (CMAP) as a measure of focal conduction block but may not affect motor unit number estimation (MUNE). Hence, MUNE offers the potential of a specific measure of conduction block. We investigated the role of MUNE in 11 patients with ulnar neuropathy and conduction block at the elbow and also in 8 normal subjects. MUNE failed to detect motor unit dropout in the patient group because reduced values for surface‐recorded motor unit potentials (SMUPs) were obtained at proximal locations, suggesting that focal compression selectively damages larger motor axons, an hypothesis that has support from animal studies. We conclude that, because MUNE is affected by the physiological characteristics of functional axons surviving the underlying pathological process, the utility of MUNE is limited to diseases in which the expected pathology affects motor axons uniformly. Muscle Nerve 27: 676–681, 2003
Myokymia, neuromyotonia, dermatomyositis, and voltage‐gated K+ channel antibodies
Authors: Oh Shin J. , Alapati Anjaneyulu , Claussen Gwen C. , Vernino Steven 
Published: May 2003

AbstractA young woman presented with facial myokymia in association with dermatomyositis. There was no evidence of peripheral neuropathy. Needle electromyography showed prominent myokymic discharges and brief neuromyotonic discharges in addition to many small‐amplitude, short‐duration motor unit potentials. Myokymia and dermatomyositis both responded to immunosuppressive treatment. The presence of antibodies to voltage‐gated potassium channels and the association with dermatomyositis indicated an autoimmune cause for myokymia, which may have been due to reversible peripheral nerve hyperexcitability. Muscle Nerve 27: 757–760, 2003
Respiratory insufficiency in desminopathy patients caused by introduction of proline residues in desmin c‐terminal α‐helical segment
Authors: Dagvadorj Ayush , Goudeau Bertrand , Hilton‐Jones David , Blancato Jan K. , Shatunov Alexey , Simon‐Casteras Monique , Squier Waney , Nagle James W. , Goldfarb Lev G. , Vicart Patrick 
Published: May 2003

AbstractMutations in desmin gene have been identified in patients with cardiac and skeletal myopathy characterized by intracytoplasmic accumulation of desmin‐reactive deposits and electron‐dense granular aggregates. We characterized two new desminopathy families with unusual features of adult‐onset, slowly progressive, diffuse skeletal myopathy and respiratory insufficiency. Progressive reduction of respiratory muscle strength became clinically detectable between the 3rd and the 8th years of illness and led to recurrent chest infections and death in one of the patients. Novel mutations, A357P and L370P, predicted to introduce proline residue into a highly conserved α‐helical region of desmin, were identified. Proline is known to disrupt the α‐helix. In addition, the A357P mutation distorts a unique stutter sequence that is considered to be critically important for proper filament assembly. Functional assessment in two cell‐lines, one of which does and the other of which does not constitutively produce type III intermediate filaments, demonstrated the inability of mutant desmin carrying either the A357P or the L370P mutation to polymerize and form an intracellular filamentous network. The results of this study indicate that respiratory insufficiency is an intrinsic feature of disease associated with specific desmin mutations; in some patients, respiratory weakness may present as a dominant clinical manifestation and a major cause of disability and death. Muscle Nerve 27: 669–675, 2003
Ankle kinematics to evaluate functional recovery in crushed rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Varejão Artur S.P. , Cabrita António M. , Meek Marcel F. , Bulas‐Cruz José , Filipe Vitor M. , Gabriel Ronaldo C. , Ferreira António J. , Geuna Stefano , Winter David A. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractPeripheral nerve researchers frequently use the rat sciatic nerve crush model in order to test different therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this study was to determine the sequence of changes after an axonotmetic injury by means of a biomechanical model of the foot and ankle, and compare them with walking track analysis, over a fixed period of time. A kinematic analysis program was used to acquire ankle motion data for further analysis. Although repeated measures analysis of variance showed significant cumulative changes induced by the crush lesion for both ankle kinematic parameters and sciatic functional index, post‐hoc multiple comparisons by the Student‐Neuman‐Keuls test revealed significant differences between week 0 and week 8 only for ankle kinematics. These results are of importance in showing the superiority of ankle kinematics in detecting small biomechanical deficits related to hyperexcitability of the plantarflexor muscles, in contrast with walking track analysis, which showed full motor functional recovery 8 weeks after the crush lesion. Muscle Nerve 27: 706–714, 2003
Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging
Authors: Hodges P.W. , Pengel L.H.M. , Herbert R.D. , Gandevia S.C. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractTo investigate the ability of ultrasonography to estimate muscle activity, we measured architectural parameters (pennation angles, fascicle lengths, and muscle thickness) of several human muscles (tibialis anterior, biceps brachii, brachialis, transversus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis, and obliquus externus abdominis) during isometric contractions of from 0 to 100% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Concurrently, electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured with surface (tibialis anterior only) or fine‐wire electrodes. Most architectural parameters changed markedly with contractions up to 30% MVC but changed little at higher levels of contraction. Thus, ultrasound imaging can be used to detect low levels of muscle activity but cannot discriminate between moderate and strong contractions. Ultrasound measures could reliably detect changes in EMG of as little as 4% MVC (biceps muscle thickness), 5% MVC (brachialis muscle thickness), or 9% MVC (tibialis anterior pennation angle). They were generally less sensitive to changes in abdominal muscle activity, but it was possible to reliably detect contractions of 12% MVC in transversus abdominis (muscle length) and 22% MVC in obliquus internus (muscle thickness). Obliquus externus abdominis thickness did not change consistently with muscle contraction, so ultrasound measures of thickness cannot be used to detect activity of this muscle. Ultrasound imaging can thus provide a noninvasive method of detecting isometric muscle contractions of certain individual muscles. Muscle Nerve 27: 682–692, 2003
Toxoplasmic myositis as a presenting manifestation of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia
Authors: Plonquet Anne , Bassez Guillaume , Authier François‐Jérôme , Dray Jean Marc , Farcet Jean Pierre , Gherardi Romain K. 
Published: May 2003

AbstractToxoplasma gondii encysts in skeletal muscle. Although only rarely found at muscle biopsy, this parasite has previously been regarded as a possible cause of polymyositis. We report a case of biopsy‐proven toxoplasmic myositis in a non–HIV‐infected patient that led to recognition of idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL), a rare condition typically associated with opportunistic infections. Interestingly, the CD25+ subset that corresponds to the CD4+ regulatory T cells controlling autoimmune processes was lacking. Steroid and antiprotozoal therapy led to recovery. Muscle Nerve 27: 761–765, 2003
Breakdown of adenine nucleotide pool in fatiguing skeletal muscle in McArdle's disease: A noninvasive 31P‐MRS and EMG study
Authors: Zange Jochen , Grehl Torsten , Disselhorst‐Klug Catherine , Rau Günter , Müller Klaus , Schröder Rolf , Tegenthoff Martin , Malin Jean‐Pierre , Vorgerd Matthias 
Published: May 2003

AbstractEnergy metabolism and electrical muscle activity were studied in the calf muscles of 19 patients with proven McArdle's disease and in 25 healthy subjects. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and surface electromyography (S‐EMG) were performed during two isometric muscle contractions of 3 min at 30% maximum voluntary contraction, one performed during normal perfusion and the other during applied ischemia. After about 1 min of ischemic muscle contraction in diseased muscle a significant acceleration in phosphocreatine breakdown was observed, along with a significant decrease in adenosine triphosphate. During both contractions the absence of glycolysis was shown by a significant alkalinization. Furthermore, in patients we observed a greater increase in the S‐EMG amplitude than in control subjects. We conclude that early on during moderate exercise, a small number of muscle fibers reach metabolic depletion, indicated by a reduction in the adenine nucleotide pool. An increasing number of motor units, which are still in a high‐energy state, are continuously recruited to compensate for muscle fatigue. This functional compartmentation may contribute to the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve 27: 728–736, 2003