bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anglo-Romano Common Law on Natural Subjecthood, Lansdowne MS 486 ff. 142–143
Authors: Dudani N. R. W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Together Cæsar and Cotton left an immense trove of English state papers on all matters of subjects. While Cæsar spent much of his lifetime as an officer of state, e.g., Master of the Rolls, they both devised innumerable works of great value. For instance, both he and Cotton expounded upon the issue of the post-nati and other arguments made in the conferences on the union with Scotland in Parliament. With their cessation in 1607, Cæsar undertook his most significant follow-up work: “That neither any General Statute nor Nativity only make a Man (whose Parents were Strangers) to be a Natural Subject in any Country.” Later duplicated by Cotton in Titus, F. IV., the intricacies of its two pages remained long-guarded in the private possession of such great men as Lords, Secretaries of State, and Prime Ministers. Only two centuries after Cæsar commenced its work did it come full circle to the British Museum—itself, ironically, formed from the seized library of Cotton. As for legal precedent, it is unique in that its broad historical scope predated the complexities of England's permanent royal colonies in America. During this period, every regnant—except for Charles I and James II—would assent unto major naturalization or alien statutes during their reign, all of which remained common law throughout England, the Empire, and America until, at the least, 1863.
Synthetic users: insights from designers’ interactions with persona-based chatbots
Authors: Gu (Eric) Heng , Chandrasegaran Senthil , Lloyd Peter 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Personas are hypothetical representations of real-world people used as storytelling tools to help designers identify the goals, constraints, and scenarios of particular user groups. A well-constructed persona can provide enough detail to trigger recognition and empathy while leaving room for varying interpretations of users. While a traditional persona is a static representation of a potential user group, a chatbot representation of a persona is dynamic, in that it allows designers to “converse with” the representation. Such representations are further augmented by the use of large language models (LLMs), displaying more human-like characteristics such as emotions, priorities, and values. In this paper, we introduce the term “Synthetic User” to describe such representations of personas that are informed by traditional data and augmented by synthetic data. We study the effect of one example of such a Synthetic User – embodied as a chatbot – on the designers’ process, outcome, and their perception of the persona using a between-subjects study comparing it to a traditional persona summary. While designers showed comparable diversity in the ideas that emerged from both conditions, we find in the Synthetic User condition a greater variation in how designers perceive the persona’s attributes. We also find that the Synthetic User allows novel interactions such as seeking feedback and testing assumptions. We make suggestions for balancing consistency and variation in Synthetic User performance and propose guidelines for future development.
The Worse than Nothing Account of Harm: A Fallen Hero
Authors: Johansson Jens , Risberg Olle 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Daniel Immerman has recently put forward a novel account of harm, the Worse than Nothing Account. We argue that this account faces fatal problems in cases in which an agent performs several simultaneous actions. We also argue that our criticism is considerably more powerful than another one that has recently been advanced.
On perfect subdivision tilings
Authors: Lee Hyunwoo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
For a given graph

$H$

, we say that a graph

$G$

has a perfect

$H$

-subdivision tiling if

$G$

contains a collection of vertex-disjoint subdivisions of

$H$

covering all vertices of

$G.$

Let

$\delta _{\mathrm {sub}}(n, H)$

be the smallest integer

$k$

such that any

$n$

-vertex graph

$G$

with minimum degree at least

$k$

has a perfect

$H$

-subdivision tiling. For every graph

$H$

, we asymptotically determined the value of

$\delta _{\mathrm {sub}}(n, H)$

. More precisely, for every graph

$H$

with at least one edge, there is an integer

$\mathrm {hcf}_{\xi }(H)$

and a constant

$1 \lt \xi ^*(H)\leq 2$

that can be explicitly determined by structural properties of

$H$

such that

$\delta _{\mathrm {sub}}(n, H) = \left (1 - \frac {1}{\xi ^*(H)} + o(1) \right )n$

holds for all

$n$

and

$H$

unless

$\mathrm {hcf}_{\xi }(H) = 2$

and

$n$

is odd. When

$\mathrm {hcf}_{\xi }(H) = 2$

and

$n$

is odd, then we show that

$\delta _{\mathrm {sub}}(n, H) = \left (\frac {1}{2} + o(1) \right )n$

.
New approaches to the architectural design, amenities, and function of macella: typologies, scale, and the Macellum Magnum
Authors: Hanson J. W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, scholars have drawn particular attention to the existence in the ancient world of permanent, specialized market buildings, macella or μάκɛλλοι, which offered dedicated facilities for the processing and sale of luxury commodities such as fish and meat. However, important questions remain about the typologies, architecture, and “end-users” of these structures. Here, I outline a basic model for how the total and average wealth and traffic of settlements increases with estimated populations, before exploring the relationships between the total footprints and wider architectural characteristics of macella and estimated populations of sites. This reveals that there is a series of relationships between these measures that are not only consistent with wider theoretical and empirical expectations, but also have the potential to alter dramatically our understanding of macella by revealing the connections between the sizes and capacities of these structures and the wealth, connectivity, and integration of settlements.
Clastogenic Effect of TrenimonR on in Vitro Chromosomes of Phenotypically Healthy Subjects with Morphologically Abnormal Caryotype
Authors: Meist Hannes 
Published: January 2025

The effect of a given concentration of TrenimonR (6 × 20−8 mol/1) on the lymphocytes of 11 healthy subjects with morphologically abnormal karyotype was analysed in vitro. The research included 6 subjects with balanced translocations, one of them with a centric fusion. Of the remaining 5 subjects, 2 had a duplication in the paracentric region, 1 showed an inversion, and 2 had a marker chromosome.In the group with morphologically abnormal chromosomes a higher sensibility to the influence of TrenimonR was found as compared with a control group with morphologically normal karyotype. The subjects with an atypical karyotype had 36 to 65% aberrations, the control group 28%. A localization of the breaks showed no increased aberration rates in the morphologically abnormal chromosomes.
Twins in Nature, Science, and Society
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: January 2025

Signor Presidente della Repubblica Italiana,Signor Sindaco,Signor Ministro,Eccellenza Rev.ma,Signori Ambasciatori,Signor Preside della Facoltà Medica dell'Università di Roma,Onorevoli Autorità, Congressisti di 30 Nazioni, Gemelli e Amici dei Gemelli,Nel settembre del 1953 veniva inaugurato in Roma l'Istituto di Genetica Medica e di Gemellologia Gregorio Mendel.Per i vent'anni dell'Istituto Mendel abbiamo aperto la celebrazione con il Congresso Internazionale di Neurogenetica ed ora la chiudiamo con il Primo Congresso Internazionale di Studi Gemellari. La Neurogenetica come specializzazione della Genetica Medica e gli Studi Gemellari come espressione scientifica della Gemellologia inquadrano bene il significato del lavoro che l'Istituto Mendel va sviluppando, e la vostra presenza, cosí autorevole, significativa e cordiale, dona il più ambito coronamento civico, scientifico e umano al ricordo della nostra fondazione.Noi vi ringraziamo con semplicità ma con schiettezza e rispettosamente ringrazio il Capo dello Stato per il prestigio della sua carica e della sua persona, ed anche perché proviene da una regione italiana, la Campania, che batte il record per la frequenza dei gemelli nella popolazione (25‰). Come ringrazio sentitamente il Sindaco che ci permette di aprire il Congresso in Campidoglio, luogo che ha il potere, come nessun altro al mondo, di evocare e sublimare quella singolare condizione umana che consiste nella gemellità: l'essere gemelli. Qui vi è la lupa che dà il suo latte ai gemelli dimostrando che la fiera è pietosa più della donna che espone i suoi figli alla morte. Qui sono Romolo e Remo che il mito esalta come fondatori di città, Romolo di Roma e Remo di Siena.
Genetic Studies of the Offspring of Identical Twins - A Model for the Analysis of Quantitative Inheritance in Man
Authors: Nance Walter E. 
Published: January 2025

In conjunction with full-sib and parental observations, half-sib analysis permits an estimation of the genetic and environmental variance as well as a partitioning of the genetic variance into its additive, dominance and epistatic components. The offspring of identical twins are a unique class of human half-sibs who provide an unusual opportunity to resolve and measure several additional potentially important sources of human variation including maternal effects, the influences of common environmental factors and assortative mating.The genetic model thus developed for the analysis of quantitative inheritance in man has been applied to the analysis of total ridge count and birth weight, confirming the existence of a major additive genetic effect on ridge count and a significant maternal effect on birth weight.
Psychological Follow-up Study of Twins from Birth to Five Years
Authors: De Coster W. , Lerou J. , Dutoit C. , De Zutter M. , Derom R. , Thiery M. , Vandierendonck A. 
Published: January 2025

Classical psychological twin studies have yielded in part equivocal and sometimes contradictory results. Besides the complexity of the problem, the delicate character of the diagnosis, and the rudimentary tools which were used, several other factors are underlying this situation: (1) insufficient systematization of the set-up and the careless design of the investigations; (2) lack of follow-up studies; (3) uncertain diagnosis of zygosity; in MZ twins no attention to the age of the ovum at the time of cleavage; (4) lack of consideration for antenatal and perinatal influences; (5) no attention to the typical circumstances linked to the twin situation. All this makes it difficult to balance nature against nurture on the basis of comparison between MZ twins, DZ twins, and singletons. Interactions may also appear between the effect of twinning and other factors such as the socioeconomic circumstances. A new investigation was therefore started where, besides the twins, a group of matched control singletons was constituted. The follow-up study is now completed up to the age of 5 years in 13 MZ and 20 DZ twin pairs (+ controls, that is to say, 99 children).The children were observed and subjected to psychological tests at the age of 6 months and of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years.
Embryonic Determination of Brain Programming Asymmetry - A Neglected Element in Twin-Study Genetics of Human Mental Development
Authors: Boklage Charles E. 
Published: January 2025

Departures from the usual human brain asymmetry, manifested in unusual laterality of motor dominance and/or speech representation, seem to have some genetic basis, and have been found associated with: schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism, dyslexia, dysphasia, autism, and mental retardation. This can also derive from embryonic disturbances, as evidenced by excessive association with: first births, late births, birth difficulties, and twinning. MZ twins develop from embryos which have often split after at least some commitments to the cellular development of bilateral symmetry have been made. The effects of such a split are visibly recorded in mirror-imaging, in tooth emergence patterns, in shapes of mouth, nostrils, eyes, and ears, in hairwhorl placement and pattern. Brainfunction laterality is also found to be subject to mirror-imaging.Data from the 1972 publication of the Gottesman and Shields genetic twin study of schizophrenia serve to illustrate the power of the neglected embryonic discriminator: Fully one-third of their MZ schizophrenic sample {nearly ten times the best population estimate) were characterized as lefthanded or ambidextrous. If the sample is divided between pairs with and without any sign of laterality disturbance, the results are very strikingly altered. The pairs with no sign of laterality disturbance are 88% concordant, whereas unusual laterality pairs are 24% concordant. Several severity indicators are in excess, by ratios of 2 to 10-fold, among the RH pairs. Nuclear subtypes are (2.5) times as frequent, and schizoid premorbid personalities are twice as frequent, among the RH pairs.
Etudes Gemellaires Dans La Genetique Clinique: Le “Clinical Cotwin Method”
Authors: Gedda L. 
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this review is to bring out the clinical value of a twin pair, when a disease strikes one or both partners. A “Clinical Cotwin Method” is thus described.In the case of concordant disease in MZ twins, the points of interest suggested by this method are the study of (1) the etiopathogenesis of the disease; (2) the genetic variability in the manifestation of such disease; (3) the variability of expression of the morbid genotype; and (4) the chronogenetic variability, that is, the possible difference between times of onset of disease, of its symptoms, and of its outcome. In the case of discordant disease in MZ twins, either one twin is ill and the other healthy, or else, twins have two different diseases. In the first case, the clinician finds an excellent basis of comparison in the healthy twin, which allows him to extend his knowledge of the morbid phenotype and to discover minimal symptoms which would otherwise go unobserved. In the case of two different diseases which strike MZ twins simultaneously, comparative analysis of the general symptoms is possible, which allows a deeper knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of the morbid processes. DZ twins also are of high scientific interest because their semiequivalent genotypes have simultaneous times of departure. This situation differs from that of full sibs and that of half sibs; it is also very useful to analyze the disease that DZ twins face in the same physical time. Both twin care and scientific research can be greatly helped by hospital department of twins, as well as outpatient departments or consultants for occasional and routine visits.
The Threefold Cord of Mothers of Twins Clubs
Authors: Maxey Joyce E. 
Published: January 2025

Local, State and National are the threefold cord that binds us together at Mothers of Twins Clubs. Local, State and National share a mutual responsibility and interdependence with one another. This threefold cord helps us to grow and develop our potential for the benefit of all. It is cooperation between the three levels that unites us and though each serves in different ways, each is vital to the full scope of Mothers of Twins Clubs.On the Local level we realize that research is the responsibility of every member and some clubs have research participation as a requirement of membership. Researchers could insure greater participation if they would issue periodic progress reports. Though we realize research is a long, slow process, we are often asked, “Why fill out forms if we never hear what is done with them?”. Mothers of Twins Clubs are glad to make time for research if they are made to feel it is worthwhile. Since some clubs belong to State or National, while others belong to State and National and still others belong to neither State or National, research work on the Local level has different outlets. The prime concern of the Local Mothers of Twins Club however is to learn to raise our twins as individuals while respecting the bonds and blessings of twinship.The bridge of States is loosely knit with great resources still untapped for research. The growing number of State groups and the ever changing needs of Locals require the combined efforts of State Mothers of Twins Clubs to participate in Interstate communications and cooperation. There are 20 State groups in the U.S.A., representing over 303 clubs and over 9275 members. Most of the State groups have their own Research Chairman and Twin Registry. Those States without a Research Chairman are for the most part new groups and plan to participate in research when they are able. Even now State Mothers of Twins Club is being worked on by a group in Canada. Since more mothers can attend a State Convention, interest and enthusiasm for research on the State level is high among mothers of twins.
A Dream Come True: The Illinois Organization of Mothers of Twins Clubs
Authors: Dojutrek Jane 
Published: January 2025

The dream began when an exuberant mother of identical twin girls engaged the help of a mother of identical twin boys to assist her in contacting already formed mothers of twins clubs (MOTC) throughout the state of Illinois. Their dream and their purpose then – and the purpose of the Illinois Organization of Mothers of Twins Clubs, Inc. (IOMOTC) now — was to join together socially and educationally member clubs throughout the state of Illinois and to exchange information pertaining to the rearing, development and recognition of the individuality of twins as may be forthcoming from parents, doctors, educators and other appropriate sources. The 16 charter clubs and 2 members-at-large became organized on October 20, 1962… thus a dream came true.Today IOMOTC boasts a membership of 27 clubs and 1 member-at-Iarge for a total of 556 members and a voluntary executive board of 8 officers and 16 chairmen. All member clubs are self-governing. IOMOTC is noncommercial, nonpartisan, nonprofit and nonsectarian. Two sister clubs have the smallest membership (8 members each) and two clubs tie for the largest (48 members each). A bimonthly newsletter, Illinois State Saga, is available to all mothers of multiple births at a nominal cost. As part of their dues benefits, each member club receives copies of Saga. The second vice-president is always available to help either by mail, phone, or in person, any MOT's wishing to start a club or just wanting to join a club close to her home. Officers and chairmen are often invited to visit local clubs. This is valuable in bringing members up-to-date in the latest goings on in “state”.
Supertwin Records
Authors: Lauve Helen Kirk 
Published: January 2025

My fascinating yet productive hobby began only with details of the delivery of quadruplets in my home city. The quadruplets were delivered by one of my psysician-employers and, because of predelivery contacts with the mother who was a member of my church, a scrap book about the quadruplets was started. Through outside pursuits, correspondence, detailed study and research this single scrap book has developed into what is believed to be the most extensive collection of authentic data and photographs of twins and supertwins in the world.Files are kept as authentic as possible, yet by no means are internationally complete. Unfortunately, all multiple births are not recorded in medical, or public, registers and/or literature and some are never registered as multiple births due to circumstances surrounding the birth. A set of quadruplets about whom I have many news items from birth to age one year comes to mind… although the quadruplet birth was recorded by articles in newspapers, medical archives have no record of it because the physician expired before he formally recorded the birth in medical literature. Some births are recorded individually not indicating a multiple birth and others are lost because of a stillborn infant or a macerated fetus accompanying a live birth. Even parents are not always informed of the birth of a macerated fetus that accompanies a live birth.
Bibliography on Prenatal and Natal Influences in Twins
Authors: Price Bronson 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe author agrees with earlier writers that most of the differences observed in monozygotic pairs are due to unusual or extreme environmental factors acting before or during the twins' birth. Although they are typical of development in twins, these environmental factors can hardly be considered typical of development in other individuals. This point, as a review of the literature shows, is often overlooked by those who study twins in the childhood or adult age ranges. As a result the inferences drawn from twin differences are frequently mistaken, or at least quite exaggerated so far as the significance of postnatal influences in non-twins is concerned. At the same tihe, if allowance is made for the environmental biases peculiar to twin studies, the findings may be said to establish more about the importance of heredity in the medical and behavior sciences than most investigators have thought. In the author's opinion the largest single source of bias is the mutual circulation that exists during prenatal development of the majority of monozygotic pairs. Data on that circulation's difference-producing effects are reviewed and related to studies of mature twins. Effects of lateral inversions (asymmetry reversals) and of “natal” factors (chiefly conditions of delivery) are also reviewed, and methods of judging the importance of all three of the biasing conditions are outlined. Need for obtaining systematic and complete information about the natal factors is stressed.
EARLY WARNING PREDICTION WITH AUTOMATIC LABELLING IN EPILEPSY PATIENTS
Authors: ZHANG PENG , GAO TING , GUO JIN , DUAN JINQIAO , NIKOLENKO SERGEY 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Early warning for epilepsy patients is crucial for their safety and well being, in particular, to prevent or minimize the severity of seizures. Through the patients’ electroencephalography (EEG) data, we propose a meta learning framework to improve the prediction of early ictal signals. The proposed bilevel optimization framework can help automatically label noisy data at the early ictal stage, as well as optimize the training accuracy of the backbone model. To validate our approach, we conduct a series of experiments to predict seizure onset in various long-term windows, with long short-term memory (LSTM) and ResNet implemented as the baseline models. Our study demonstrates that not only is the ictal prediction accuracy obtained by meta learning significantly improved, but also the resulting model captures some intrinsic patterns of the noisy data that a single backbone model could not learn. As a result, the predicted probability generated by the meta network serves as a highly effective early warning indicator.
Before and Besides Werktreue: (Re)inventing Operatic Staging at the 1930s Maggio Musicale Fiorentino
Authors: VELLA FRANCESCA 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article examines the role played by the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino as a kind of cultural laboratory for experiments in operatic staging in 1930s Italy. Founded in 1933, Florence's opera and arts festival was a key testing ground for ‘modern’ approaches both to set and costume design and to opera direction, two areas in which northern Europe (especially Germany) is normally held to have led the way, and through which the Maggio helped to reinvent Italian mise-en-scène as an act of independent, artistic creation. Setting the festival's overall project in the context of 1930s aesthetic, philosophical, and cultural debates about theatre, opera, and cinema, and drawing on a rich archive of as-yet-unexplored primary source materials, the article retraces an intellectual and cultural history of Italian staging c. 1930 that resonates productively with several present-day critical and scholarly concerns: from changing attitudes to the nineteenth-century operatic canon, to the early stirrings of Regietheater, to the intertwining histories of opera and film.