bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsomedial articular fracture of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone in Standardbred racehorses: Seven cases (1978-1990)
Authors: Ross M. W. , Martin B. B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seven Standardbred horses, all pacers, with a mean age of 2.9 years (range, 2 to 4 years), had dorsomedial articular fracture of the proximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Fracture caused acute, unilateral, severe lameness after training or racing. Lameness was abolished by midcarpal joint anesthesia in 4 horses. Six horses had a palpable bony swelling, which caused signs of pain. Radiography revealed a nondisplaced, articular, oblique fracture extending distad toward the dorsomedial cortex for a mean distance of 28 mm (range, 15 to 40 mm). In all horses, chronic periosteal proliferative changes, seen near the distal aspect of the fracture, corresponded to palpable bony exostoses and were associated with the medial attachment of the extensor carpi radialis tendon.
In 1 horse, internal fixation followed by a 6-month rest resulted in a successful outcome. All other horses were given 3 months' rest without surgery and were not lame. Five horses raced successfully and lowered the lifetime race records, 1 horse was sound and trained successfully, but died of colic, and 1 horse was not lame in early training.
Examination of Koch's postulates for Borrelia burgdorferi as the causative agent of limb/joint dysfunction in dogs with borreliosis
Authors: Wasmoen Terri L. , Sebring Randal W. , Blumer Barbara M. , Chavez Lloyd G. , Chu Hsien-Jue , Acree William M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Borrelia burgdorferi has been implicated as the causative agent of borreliosis in dogs, which is characteristically a limb/joint disorder, but can be associated with multiple-organ dysfunction. Attempts to reproduce this disease by inoculating dogs with B burgdorferi have not been successful. In the study of this report, B burgdorferi from Ixodes dammini ticks was used to induce signs of limb/joint dysfunction, fever, anorexia, depression, and systemic infection in dogs. A pure culture of this bacterium from the blood of an infected dog has been used to fulfill Koch's postulates for B burgdorferi as the causative agent of limb/joint dysfunction associated with borreliosis in dogs.
Effect of repeated collection of multiple endometrial biopsy specimens on subsequent pregnancy in mares
Authors: Watson E. D. , Sertich P. L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Endometrial biopsy specimens (4 or 5 on each occasion) were collected from 7 mares 2, 3, or 4 times over a 50-day period prior to breeding. Four of the collection days were within 6 days of breeding. Six of the 7 mares were diagnosed as pregnant by use of ultrasonography at day 14 after ovulation. This pregnancy rate was the same as that achieved by these mares when they were bred at estrus before the start of the study. It appeared that repeated collection of multiple endometrial biopsy specimens from genitally normal mares did not adversely affect pregnancy rate.
Risk factors, clinical signs, and survival in cats with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 74 cases (1985-1989)
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Gallo Anna Marie , Kurzman Ilene D. , Cowen Peter 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Population characteristics, risk factors, and survival characteristics were evaluated in 74 cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hc) seen at North Carolina State University veterinary teaching hospital from 1985 to 1989, and compared with 82 clinically normal cats. The mean (± sd) age of cats with HC was 6.5 (4.0) years. Neutered males were at significantly greater risk (odds ratio 3.1) than neutered females. Breed, body weight, or coat color were not determined to be risk factors for hc. Tricolor cats were significantly underrepresented, probably reflecting the male predisposition for hc and not a true risk reduction associated with coat color. Forty-one cats were without clinical signs of heart disease (murmur and/or gallop sound only), 24 were in congestive heart failure, and 9 had systemic arterial embolism, 3 of which had concomitant congestive heart failure.
The median survival time for 61 cats with HC, for which survival information could be obtained and that were not euthanatized on day 1, was 732 days. Survival was not affected by age at diagnosis, breed, body weight, or sex. However, clinical signs were important in determining prognosis; cats with heart rates < 200 beats/min survived significantly longer (median survival > 1,830 days) than those with heart rates ≥ 200 beats/min (median survival = 152 days). Cats without clinical signs (median survival > 1,830 days) survived longer than those with clinical signs, and cats in heart failure survived a median of 92 days, compared with 61 days for those with systemic arterial embolism. Analysis of survival revealed no significant difference between the 2 groups of cats with clinical signs; however, all cats with embolism and only 60% of cats with heart failure were dead 6 months after diagnosis.
Characterizing biological variability in livestock blood cholinesterase activity for biomonitoring organophosphate nerve agent exposure
Authors: Halbrook Richard S. , Shugart Lee R. , Watson Annetta P. , Munro Nancy B. , Linnabary Robert D. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A biomonitoring protocol, using blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity in livestock as a monitor of potential organophosphate nerve agent exposure during the planned destruction of US unitary chemical warfare agent stockpiles, is described. The experimental design included analysis of blood ChE activity in individual healthy sheep, horses, and dairy and beef cattle during a 10- to 12-month period. Castrated and sexually intact males, pregnant and lactating females, and adult and immature animals were examined through at least one reproductive cycle. The same animals were used throughout the period of observation and were not exposed to ChE-inhibiting organo-phosphate or carbamate compounds. A framework for an effective biomonitoring protocol within a monitoring area includes establishing individual baseline blood ChE activity for a sentinel group of 6 animals on the bases of blood samples collected over a 6-month period, monthly collection of blood samples for ChE-activity determination during monitoring, and selection of adult animals as sentinels. Exposure to ChE-inhibiting compounds would be suspected when all blood ChE activity of all animals within the sentinel group are decreased > 20% from their own baseline value. Sentinel species selection is primarily a logistical and operational concern; however, sheep appear to be the species of choice because within-individual baseline ChE activity and among age and gender group ChE activity in sheep had the least variability, compared with data from other species. This protocol provides an effective and efficient means for detecting abnormal depressions in blood ChE activity in livestock and can serve as a valuable indicator of the extent of actual plume movement and/or deposition in the event of organophosphate nerve agent release.
Treatment by digital amputation of subungual squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 21 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: O'Brien Maura G. , Berg John , Engler Stephen J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Malignant digital tumors were diagnosed in 62 dogs during a 1-year period. Twenty-one (33.9%) of the dogs had subungual squamous cell carcinoma. Each of these dogs had involvement of single digits. Sixteen (76.2%) of the dogs with squamous cell carcinoma were large-breed dogs, and 15 (71.4%) had predominantly black coats. Labrador Retrievers (n = 5,23.8%) and Standard Poodles (n = 3,14.3%) were the most commonly represented purebreeds. None of the dogs had evidence of metastases prior to treatment. All 21 tumors were treated by amputation of the involved digit. Histologic evidence of neoplastic bone invasion was found in 15 of the 21 amputated digits (71.4%). Local tumor recurrences were not observed. Only 1 dog developed documented metastatic disease; this dog was euthanatized because of pulmonary metastases 5 months after surgery. At the time of this report, 9 dogs (42.9%) were alive with no evidence of disease (median, 26 months after surgery), and 11 dogs (52.4%) had died or were euthanatized (median, 20 months after surgery). The cause of death in 7 dogs was known to be unrelated to squamous cell carcinoma, and the cause of death in 4 dogs was unknown. The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 76.2% and 42.9%, respectively.
Hypoplasia of the trachea in dogs: 103 cases (1974-1990)
Authors: Coyne Bonnie E. , Fingland Roger B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A multi-institutional retrospective study of 103 dogs in which hypoplasia of the trachea was diagnosed was conducted. Bulldogs (55%) and Boston Terriers (15%) were most commonly affected. Age at diagnosis ranged from 2 days to 12 years, with a median of 5 months. Hypoplasia of the trachea was diagnosed more frequently in males (66%) than females (34%). Congenital anomalies in dogs with hypoplasia of the trachea included elongated soft palate (n = 44), stenotic nares (n = 23), cardiac defects (n = 12), and megaesophagus (n = 10). Ratios between tracheal lumen diameter and depth of the thoracic inlet or width of the third rib did not correlate with dyspnea. Of 42 dogs reexamined >6 months after diagnosis, 25 (60%) were clinically normal. The remaining 17 were dyspneic and 15 (88%) had concurrent respiratory or cardiovascular disease that could account for their clinical signs. Hypoplasia of the trachea appears to be tolerated well in the absence of concurrent respiratory or cardiovascular disease.
Treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in cats by use of mandibulectomy and radiotherapy: Seven cases (1987-1989)
Authors: Hutson Christina A. , Willauer Curtis C. , Walder Emily J. , Stone Jay L. , Klein Mary K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Seven cats with squamous cell carcinoma involving the mandible were treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Surgery consisted of hemimandibulectomy or combined rostral and hemimandibulectomy, gastrostomy tube placement, and submandibular lymph node excisional biopsy. Radiotherapy (orthovoltage or 60Co) commenced 2 weeks after surgery. Histologically, the tumor invaded surgical margins in 6 of 7 cats. Nerve infiltration was histologically identified in 2 cats. All cats had stage-3 disease with radiographic evidence of mandibular bone involvement. Age ranged between 8 and 16 years (median, 10 years). Hypercalcemia (2), feline immunodeficiency virus (2), and hyperthyroidism (1), were detected in cats prior to treatment. Survival after surgery,) was a median of 14 months (range = 3 to 36 months, mean = 15 months). Six cats were euthanatized because of recurrence of disease at 3, 7, 9, 16, 21, and 36 months. One cat was euthanatized at 14 months because of an unrelated disease. Complications of tongue lagging, drooling after meals, mandibular drift, maxillary ulceration, and alopecia of the jaw developed in a few cats. Radiation at the primary site and regional lymph nodes after surgery of curative intent extended survival in cats with mandibular squamous cell carcinoma.
Lens-induced uveitis in dogs: 151 cases (1985-1990)
Authors: der Woerdt Alexandra van , Nasisse Mark P. , Davidson Michael G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
During a 5-year period, phacolytic uveitis was diagnosed in 202 eyes of 151 dogs admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital. The diagnosis of phacolytic uveitis was based on the finding of a cataractous lens and anterior uveitis, unassociated with other identifiable causes of uveal inflammation. The most commonly affected breeds were the Toy and Miniature Poodle (35%) and the American Cocker Spaniel (19%). The mean age was 7.0 years for all breeds, 5.1 years for the Cocker Spaniel, and 9.0 years for the Poodle breeds. Evidence of cataract resorption was visible in 72% of the eyes. Fifty-one dogs were affected bilaterally and 100 dogs unilaterally. The mean interval between recognition of the cataract and the onset of lens-induced uveitis (liu) was 17 months; mean times of 25 and 11 months were seen in the Poodle breeds and American Cocker Spaniel, respectively. The mean age of dogs requiring > 1 revisit before the inflammation had subsided was 5.5 years. Complications, referable to the uveitis, were seen in 14% of eyes, the most important of which were glaucoma (16 eyes) and phthisis bulbi (9 eyes). Lens extraction surgery was done on 50 liu-affected eyes, and on 35 normal eyes in liu-affected animals. The 2- and 6-month success rates for liu-affected eyes were 78 and 39%, respectively, and for normal eyes in liu-affected animals were 85 and 71%, respectively.
On the basis of findings, we suggest that liu develops sooner after the onset of cataract formation in young dogs, and implies that their response to medical treatment is worse when compared with that in older dogs. It is probable that higher concentrations of lenticular α-crystallin protein, along with faster cataract resorption in the lens of young dogs, account for this decreased responsiveness to anti-inflammatory treatment, because T-cell tolerance to α-crystallin is more easily terminated than to other lens proteins. The observation that normal eyes of liu-affected dogs retained a good prognosis following lens extraction surgery suggests that local, rather than systemic, immune factors are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of canine liu.
Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1983-1988)
Authors: Post Gerald , Patnaik Amiya K. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Nonhematopoietic hepatic neoplasms (n = 25) were diagnosed in 21 cats during a 5.5-year period. Thirteen of the neoplasms were benign bile duct adenomas and 12 were malignant, 6 of which were bile duct adenocarcinomas. All cats were ≥ 10 years old, and 14 were male. Main clinical signs were anorexia and lethargy, and 15 of 21 cats had hepatomegaly. All 21 cats were feline leukemia virustest negative. Although there was a trend toward high activities of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, neither clinical signs nor enzyme activity were specific for diagnosis of hepatic neoplasia in the cats of this study.
Orbital neoplasms in cats: 21 cases (1974-1990)
Authors: Gilger Brian C. , McLaughlin Susan A. , Whitley R. David , Wright James C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common neoplasm found in a review of case records of 21 cats with histopathologically confirmed orbital neoplasms. Other neoplasms found were lymphosarcoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, adenocarcinoma, fibrosarcoma, chondroma, and hemangiosarcoma. Three (14%) neoplasms were primary, 15 (71%) were secondary, invading the orbit from adjacent tissues, and 3 (14%) were a manifestation of multicentric disease. The most common clinical sign was exophthalmia, followed by chronic epiphora, enophthalmia, and strabismus. Mean survival time after diagnosis was 1.9 months. Ten cats were euthanatized at the time of diagnosis because of extensive disease. Mean survival time of the other 11 cats was 4.3 months. Skull radiography was helpful in diagnosing orbital neoplasms in 8 of 11 cats that had invasion of the orbit by adjacent neoplasms.
Effects of environment and management on mortality in preweaned dairy calves
Authors: Lance Susan E. , Miller Gay Y. , Hancock Dale D. , Bartlett Paul C. , Heider Lawrence E. , Moeschberger Melvin L. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Forty-eight herds participating in the 1988/1989 Ohio National Animal Health Monitoring System dairy project were monitored for 1 year to determine the effects of environment and management on mortality in preweaned calves. Environmental factors were evaluated by veterinarians during monthly visits to the herds. Management procedures were measured through the use of a questionnaire administered near the end of the project. Mortality in preweaned calves was calculated for each herd by using data from project records on calf mortality and animal inventory, which were collected monthly by veterinarians. Relationships between the management/environment variables and calf mortality were examined by use of analysis of covariance. Herd size, days on a nipple feeder, navel disinfection, type of housing, and whether each calf observed with diarrhea was treated with antibiotics were the variables that had an impact on herd mortality. These variables explained approximately 39% of the variation in mortality among herds.
Ionized calcium concentration in horses with surgically managed gastrointestinal disease: 147 cases (1988-1990)
Authors: Dant Andrew J. , Snyder Jack R. , Spier Sharon J. , Sullivan Kent E. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Packed cell volume, total plasma protein, serum sodium, potassium, and ionized Ca2+ concentrations, and blood pH were determined at the time of admission and following surgery in 147 horses with acute abdominal crisis. Horses were allotted to 3 categories on the basis of the surgical lesion: (1) nonstrangulating obstruction of the ascending or descending colon (category A, n = 76), (2) strangulating and nonstrangulating infarction of the cecum or ascending colon (category B, n = 37), and (3) strangulating and nonstrangulating infarction of the small intestine (category C, n = 25). Horses with low serum ionized Ca2+ concentration following surgery were given 23% calcium gluconate (100 to 300 ml) IV to effect, and ionized Ca2+ concentration was determined following treatment.
The serum ionized Ca2+ concentrations of horses in categories A, B, and C before and after surgery were lower than our normal laboratory reference range. Prior to surgery, serum ionized Ca2+ concentration measured from horses in category B and C was lower than that in horses in category A. There was no difference in ionized Ca2+ concentration in serum samples obtained before surgery in horses from category B and C, and in serum samples obtained following surgery. There was a decrease in ionized Ca2+ concentration during surgery in horses in category A. There was no change between preoperative and postoperative ionized Ca2+ concentration in the samples obtained from horses in category B and C. After calcium gluconate administration, all horses with low serum ionized Ca2+ after surgery had concentrations within our normal range.
Measurement of serum ionized Ca2+ in horses with an acute abdominal crisis is recommended. If concentrations are low, calcium gluconate diluted in fluids and administered iv to effect appears to provide an effective method of treatment.
Evaluation of rhinoscopy and rhinoscopy-assisted mucosal biopsy in diagnosis of nasal disease in dogs: 119 cases (1985-1989)
Authors: Lent S. E. Forbes , Hawkins E. C. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
The case records of 149 dogs examined from 1985 to 1989 with clinical signs of nasal disease were reviewed. Gross rhinoscopy was performed in 119 dogs, and rhinoscopy-assisted pinch biopsy was performed in 109. Rhinoscopy was performed by use of a 2.7-mm rigid fiberoptic endoscope. Mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained with rhinoscopic guidance by use of a 2 × 3-mm biopsy forcep. Gross, cytologic, and histologic findings are summarized. Ninety-four of 119 cases could be evaluated on the basis of diagnostic and follow-up criteria established by the authors. The diagnostic success rate of gross rhinoscopy with rhinoscopy-assisted biopsy was 83% (78 of 94 evaluated cases). Protracted hemorrhage was a complication in 2 of 109 cases in which rhinoscopy-assisted biopsy was performed. It was concluded that rhinoscopy with rhinoscopy-assisted biopsy contributes important diagnostic information in dogs with nasal disease without the relative invasiveness, expense, and risk of surgery.
Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in horses
Authors: Fischer A. T. , Vachon A. M. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy was successfully performed in 15 standing or recumbent horses. In 3 horses, owners believed that castrations had been performed, but the horses had retained stallion-like behavior. Successful removal of undescended testes in these horses stopped this behavior. Laparoscopy offered excellent visualization of the structures of the vaginal ring and facilitated removal of the abdominally located testis. The internal and external inguinal rings were not invaded, thus the chance of serious complications that may result during open cryptorchidectomy procedures was minimized.
Serum haptoglobin concentration in swine naturally or experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Hall William F. , Eurell Thomas E. , Hansen Richard D. , Herr Leslie G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations were measured in swine that were naturally or experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. In swine from a specific-pathogen-free herd, mean serum concentration of Hp (± SD) was 5.79 ± 1.06 mg of cyanmethemoglobin-binding capacity (CHBC/dl. Serum Hp concentrations in paired samples were measured at 7-day intervals in 40 swine randomly selected from a conventional herd that was experiencing an acute episode of pneumonia and deaths caused by A pleuropneumoniae serotype-5 infection. Day-0 and -7 serum Hp concentrations were 24.58 ± 1.38 and 23.10 ± 1.12 mg of CHBC/dl, respectively, with no significant difference between these measurements. In a second conventional herd with a history of chronic infection with A pleuropneumoniae serotype 5, serum concentrations of Hp measured in paired samples obtained 6 days apart were 12.36 ± 0.81 and 18.63 ± 0.76 mg of CHBC/dl, respectively, and were significantly (P < 0.05) different from each other. Twenty-nine 12-week-old conventional swine were challenged intranasally with A pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 (n = 19) and serotype 5 (n = 10). Serum Hp concentration increased from prechallenge concentrations of 7.49 ± 1.38 and 15.10 ± 1.22 mg of CHBC/dl, respectively, to 41.01 ± 1.35 and 22.37 ± 1.78 mg of CHBC/dl, respectively, 72 hours after challenge. For these 29 swine, serum Hp concentration was positively correlated with rectal temperature (r = 0.34; P < 0.001) during the immediate postchallenge period.
Results of surgical management of portosystemic shunts in dogs: 20 cases (1985-1990)
Authors: Lawrence Darien , Bellah Jamie R. , Diaz Ricardo 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Serum bile acid (SBA) values were obtained in 20 dogs, 2.5 to 60 months (mean, 18.6 months) after surgery for occlusion of a congenital portosystemic shunt. The SBA values obtained after food was withheld were significantly (P < 0.005) reduced at follow-up, compared with preoperative values. In 85% of the dogs (17/20), response to surgery was graded by the owners as excellent or good, although most dogs had abnormal SBA values at follow-up. Significant difference in clinical results or follow-up SBA values was not found in dogs that had complete or partial occlusion of the shunting vessel. Correlation between clinical results and SBA values also was not detected. Dogs that were > 2 years old at the time of diagnosis and surgery had a significantly (P = 0.012) poorer clinical result than that of dogs < 1 year old.