bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing university theses in scientific disciplines and the challenge of Arabization
Authors: Deguenati Fadila 
Published: January 2024

During the period of its history, Arabic was unable to absorb the new terminology of science, art and knowledge. Its rich heritage of specialized works in medicine, pharmacy, mathematics and others is proof of this.
Today, the sons of Arabia are fascinated in other languages that they believe are more suited to scientific progress and cultural development, and believe that their language is a poetic language only. In fact, the problem lies not in the Arabic language but in its exclusion from the fields of science, especially in the fields of scientific research. Theses in our Algerian universities (and Arabic in general) are mostly accomplished in languages other than Arabic. this is. We will endeavor to highlight models that reflect the orientation towards writing academic transcripts in scientific disciplines in Arabic. We will start from the problem: Can the Arabic language be a language of specialization and reflect the ideas of university students in scientific disciplines ?
The efforts of Abdel-Rahman Hajj Saleh in the manufacture of digital atlases
Authors: Kadri Saouria 
Published: January 2024

With the age of globalization and computer, it became urgent to keep pace with this development by computerizing the Arabic language in all fields and disciplines; we must find a digital linguistic code as well as a digital dictionary and easy-to-use computer dictionaries, and digital atlases that benefit researchers, as in the other languages that have been computerized.
However, the Arab experiences in this field are almost empty. There is no mention of a digital Arabic atlas and mechanisms.
Through these research papers, we aim to learn how to benefit from this project in the creation of an Arab digital atlas.
The concepts and principles of the modern Hebrew theory of "Abdurrahman Hajj Saleh"
Authors: ATAOUAT Kaouther , BOUAFIA Mouhemed Elssaleh 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article aims to identify the most important concepts and principles underlying modern of elkhalil theory founded by the Arabic scholar. "The sign Abdurrahman Al Hajj Saleh Rahmeh Allah," focused its attention on linguistic heritage and re-read it again. And how did Abdul Rahman Al Haj Saleh re - read it? That's what we're going to talk about in this article. Thus, the theoretical framework came in the following form: a preface in which we talk about the importance of modern Hebron theory and the reason for its name, and then we present its concepts, first with the element of integrity, then individuality, and the limit of the word after that position and the nihilistic sign down to the element of the factor and then a brief conclusion containing the most important results.
Semantics in grammatical and rhetorical thinking and impact that in origins of jurisprudence and interpretation sciences
Authors: Faidi Yahya 
Published: January 2024

This research paper aims to shed light on semantics in Arabic linguistic thinking and to show the connection of these sciences to other sciences close to linguistic filed such as the origins of jurisprudence and interpretation sciences and based on this goal this research revolves around two issues
The first issue is to demonstrate the authenticity of semantics in grammatical and rhetorical thinking by exposing the conceptual link between grammar, rhetoric and semantics as well as identifying a range of semantic issues that have taken over Arabic linguistic thinking. It is the issue of “speech” and meaning, semantic relationships and the division of speech.
The second issue is the relationship between linguistic sciences and doctrinal and interpretative sciences, which we understand, as a concept, in the correlation between semantics and legal sciences, and, in application, in the presentation by of these issues that have occupied the minds of grammatology and rhetoric experts.
At the end of our research, we concluded that Arab grammarians and rhetoricians divided the significance into linguistic and non-linguistic signification. The signifier linguistic sign is divided into signifiant and signified. And the linguistic sign relates to others signs according to semantic relationships and the linguistic sign is used in pragmatic contexts so it becomes information or performance .we also finished that there is a strong relationship between linguistic sciences and origins of jurisprudence and interpretation sciences.
The foundations of the descriptive method in the light of ancient and modern Arabic linguistic studies
Authors: barkat Mebrouk 
Published: January 2024

scholars received through presentation, analysis and application, and others sought to root them in heritage studies.
Among the foundations of the descriptive method that the research will address: the bilingualism of spoken and written language - the unity of time and space for the linguistic material, non-discrimination between languages - the separation of linguistic levels in the study - objectivity.
Finally, we come to a conclusion that summarizes the most important results.
The Maghreb Sociolian Achievement, Ibn Shanab's book on Algerian and Moroccan proverbs, as a model
Authors: Hamel Soumia 
Published: January 2024

Proverbs are part of the language of everyday speech, they cannot be studied outside of their relationship to society and language, the vocabulary of the proverbs is the surrounding area. The proverb carries a value and intellectual content and achieves and achieves them in content, and it shows the image of the social, intellectual and intellectual construction of the linguistic community.
Proverbs is a field of research that attracts various specializations, and it is considered a linguistic and cultural heritage that is relied upon to support sayings and ideas.
Among the first achievements in the study of Algerian and Moroccan proverbs is Ibn Shanab’s book, where its author collected common proverbs between the two countries, and these proverbs reflect an image of the language in circulation and the way of life at the time, and show the thinking of the Maghreb individual during that time period.
This intervention aims to introduce Ibn Shanab’s effort in developing his book, and the methodology he followed in classifying it, without neglecting the reference to the importance of this type of studies in the social and linguistic aspects.
The long vowels in Maghreben dialects
Authors: Belhadi Rachida 
Published: January 2024

The difficulty of Maghreb dialects is a stereotype for many non-Maghribans; and Our research aims to remove them. In fact, these dialects are Arabic but it differs from other Arabic dialects by a set of characteristics Like a lot of sculpting, using long vowels, and facilitating The hamza letter… In addition to the characteristics that distinguish each dialect from its Maghrebian sisters.
Our research will attempt to analyze the phenomenon of long vowels in Western Algerian dialects; In fact, the choice of the region limits the examples presented in the research folds only; All dialects of the Islamic Maghreb share this characteristic. What are the types of long vowels in the Maghreb dialects? What is the reason for their abundance in these dialects?
In order to answer these questions, it is necessary first to define the long vowels and enumerate their types, then to refer to the long vowels resulting from facilitating the The hamza letter, and then to search for the reasons for the large number of tides among Maghribans.
The manifestations of the policy of Arabization in Algeria and its implications for the teaching of the Arabic language
Authors: Cherrak Soumia 
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate the issue of Arabization policy and the extent of its repercussions on the teaching of the Arabic language, and its positive and negative effects. Its linguistic education, and the importance of the study lies in the importance of the repercussions it deals with, as it receives great attention these days, and the policy of Arabization is one of the important issues for educational institutions, and accordingly the study seeks to clarify the importance and value of this research.
Therefore, this study seeks to research the concept of Arabization, then discuss its importance, the motives of the Arabization policy, and its stages in the Algerian school, and then analyze some of the Arabized terms in the books of the third year of secondary school for all people, with an attempt to provide some solutions to overcome the phenomenon and exploit it positively.
Formulating of gaols within levels of Simpson's Taxonomy for teaching communicative language- American Headway 1 Student book
Authors: N hib Mohammed 
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on Simpson' taxonomy in in psychomotor, that emphasizes on the progression of mastery of a skill from observation to invention.
The study aims to observe whether American Headway 1 Student book applied levels of this Taxonomy in his activities to teach communicative english language.
One of the most important findings is that the book uses four expressions to formulate gaols of practicing communicative english: listen, repeat, ask and answer.
La crise du désarmement liée au conflit en Ukraine
Authors: Lavorel Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Soumission à Epi-revel
The march 2014 Annexation of Crimea by Russia, and the growing of the conflict in the east of ukrainian territory exacerbated tensions between United States and Russia These events are factors of weakening of the disarmament process in Europe. Beyond the single european frame, ukrainian crisis inducies also a weakening of international mechanism of non proliferation and contributes to display the limits of security guarantees between states
International audience
L’annexion de la Crimée par la Russie en mars 2014 et l’intensification du conflit dans l’est du territoire ukrainien n’ont fait qu’exacerber les tensions entre les gouvernements russe et américain. Ces évènements concomitants sont autant de facteurs de fragilisation du processus de désarmement en Europe. Au-delà du seul cadre européen, la crise ukrainienne a également provoqué une fragilisation des mécanismes internationaux de non-prolifération et elle a contribué à mettre en exergue les limites des garanties de sécurité entre les États.
Le Sommet de la Haye sur la sécurité nucléaire (mai 2014)
Authors: Lavorel Sabine 
Published: January 2024

Soumission à Epi-revel
Après avoir évoqué la genèse de ce processus et les précédents sommets, présente le déroulement et les résultats de la Conférence de mai 2014, puis aborde les perspectives d’avenir de ce processus.
International audience
After evocation of the genesis of this process and previous summits, presents the development and the results of May 2014 Conference, then take up future prospects of the process
Retour sur la Stratégie de sureté maritime de l’Union européenne
Authors: Balmond Louis 
Published: January 2024

Soumission à Epi-revel
The object of the European Maritime Security Strategy, dated 2014,is to present choices and mecanisms intended to protect european interests in maritime field, face threat against freedom of navigation and environnemental risks. The approach is cross sectoral and covers internal and external aspects of European union security.
La Stratégie de Sureté Maritime lancée en 2014 a pour but de formuler les choix et les méthodes destinés à préserver les intérêts de l’Union européenne dans le domaine maritime mondial face aux menaces pesant sur la liberté de navigation et aux risques environnementaux. L’approche retenue est intersectorielle et couvre les aspects internes et externes de la sécurité de l’Union.
International audience
Reversal of cholestatic liver disease by the inhibition of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 signaling
Authors: Cao Huiling , Chen Lin , Zeng Ziyang , Wu Xianfeng , Lei Yuhao , Jia Wen , Yue Guang , Yi Bin , Li Yu-jie , Shi Yuan 
Published: January 2024

Aims
The objective of this study is to examine the impact of inhibiting Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) on liver inflammation, fibrogenesis, and changes of gut microbiome in the context of cholestasis-induced conditions.

Methods
The cholestatic liver injury model was developed by common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups, sham operation, CBDL group and JTE-013 treated CBDL group. Biochemical and histological assessments were conducted to investigate the influence of S1PR2 on the modulation of fibrogenic factors and inflammatory infiltration. We conducted an analysis of the fecal microbiome by using 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum bile acid composition was evaluated through the utilization of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques.

Results
In the BDL rat model, the study findings revealed a significant increase in serum levels of conjugated bile acids, accompanied by an overexpression of S1PR2. Treatment with the specific inhibitor of S1PR2, known as JTE-013, resulted in a range of specific effects on the BDL rats. These effects included the improvement of liver function, reduction of liver inflammation, inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis, and suppression of NETosis. These effects are likely mediated through the TCA/S1PR2/NOX2/NLRP3 pathway. Furthermore, the administration of JTE-013 resulted in an augmentation of the diversity of the bacterial community’s diversity, facilitating the proliferation of advantageous species while concurrently inhibiting the prevalence of detrimental bacteria.

Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that the administration of JTE-013 may have a beneficial effect in alleviating cholestatic liver disease and restoring the balance of intestinal flora.
Effects of restoration years on soil nitrogen and phosphorus in inland salt marshes
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Wan Daiji , Yang Jian , Liu Jiping , Yong Zhicheng , Ma Chongya 
Published: January 2024

Inland salt marsh wetlands have very important ecological functions in semi-arid areas. However, degradation and soil desertification have impacted these areas, making it necessary to study the impact of wetland restoration years on the soil quality of salt marsh wetland. We used remote sensing methods, field surveys, and inquiries to examine the seasonal profile effects of two-, four-, and six-year restoration periods on total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) in P. australis and S. triqueter wetland natural states. Our results showed that soil TN in P. australis wetland in restored conditions was higher than that in natural conditions. The average soil TP of the S. triqueter wetlands at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers was 0.36 g/kg, 0.31 g/kg, 0.21 g/kg, and 0.17 g/kg s in September, respectively. The soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland increased slightly over the entire growing season. The restoration years had a great influence on the soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland from May to July. The soil TN in the P. australis wetland was almost restored to its natural condition in each layer during the six-year restoration period. The soil TP of the S. triqueter wetland was higher in the restored two-year period and showed a decreasing trend with an increased soil depth. Our conclusions can significantly guide the restoration of inland salt marsh wetlands.
A novel non-invasive nociceptive monitoring approach fit for intracerebral surgery: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Ruemmler Robert , Moravenova Veselina , Al-Butmeh Sandy , Fukui-Dunkel Kimiko , Griemert Eva-Verena , Ziebart Alexander 
Published: January 2024

Background
Measuring depth of anesthesia during intracerebral surgery is an important task to guarantee patient safety, especially while the patient is fixated in a Mayfield-clamp. Processed electro-encephalography measurements have been established to monitor deep sedation. However, visualizing nociception has not been possible until recently and has not been evaluated for the neurosurgical setting. In this single-center, retrospective observational analysis, we routinely collected the nociceptive data via a nociception level monitor (NOL®) of 40 patients undergoing intracerebral tumor resection and aimed to determine if this monitoring technique is feasible and delivers relevant values to potentially base therapeutic decisions on.

Methods
Forty patients (age 56 ± 18 years) received total intravenous anesthesia and were non-invasively connected to the NOL® via a finger clip as well as a bispectral-index monitoring (BIS®) to confirm deep sedation. The measured nociception levels were retrospectively evaluated at specific time points of nociceptive stress (intubation, Mayfield-positioning, incision, extubation) and compared to standard vital signs.

Results
Nociceptive measurements were successfully performed in 35 patients. The largest increase in nociceptive stimulation occurred during intubation (NOL® 40 ± 16) followed by Mayfield positioning (NOL® 39 ± 16) and incision (NOL® 26 ± 12). Correlation with BIS measurements confirmed a sufficiently deep sedation during all analyzed time points (BIS 45 ± 13). Overall, patients showed an intraoperative NOL® score of 10 or less in 56% of total intervention time.

Conclusions
Nociceptive monitoring using the NOL® system during intracerebral surgery is feasible and might yield helpful information to support therapeutic decisions. This could help to reduce hyperanalgesia, facilitating shorter emergence periods and less postoperative complications. Prospective clinical studies are needed to further examine the potential benefits of this monitoring approach in a neurosurgical context.

Trial registration
German trial registry, registration number DRKS00029120.
XYA-2: a marine-derived compound targeting apoptosis and multiple signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Guan Xiaoqing , Li Yun , Guan Xiaodan , Fan Linfei , Ying Jieer 
Published: January 2024

Background
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and fatal disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis for patients. This study aimed to investigate the impact of XYA-2 {N-(3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)-2-aza-2-deoxychaetoviridin A}, a nitrogenated azaphilon previously reported from a deep-sea-derived fungus on the progression of pancreatic cancer cells.

Methods
The inhibitory effects of XYA-2 on cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed using various assays. The CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were employed to evaluate cell proliferation, clonogenic potential, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, respectively. Moreover, we employed RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses to uncover the underlying mechanism by which XYA-2 influences pancreatic cancer cells. The revealed mechanism was subsequently validated through qRT-PCR.

Results
Our results demonstrated that XYA-2 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, XYA-2 exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, XYA-2 was found to regulate the expression of genes involved in multiple cancer-related pathways based on our RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the potential of XYA-2 as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Addressing the Challenges of Medical Social Workers in Nigeria: A Study of Hospital-based Care Dynamics
Authors: Enemaku Omeche 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Many social workers in Nigeria found it difficult to handle work-related stress, which resulted in frustration and reduced efficiency, a situation which undermined the relevance of the profession in the management of healthcare in Nigeria. This study therefore assessed the challenges medical social workers faced in hospital-based healthcare, using University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Faith Mediplex Hospital, and Uselu Psychiatric Hospital, all in Benin City.
Study design: Survey design was adopted for this study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted using University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Faith Mediplex Hospital, and Uselu Psychiatric Hospital as case studies. The study was conducted between March 2022 to March 2023.
Methodology: Using simple random technique, 108 respondents who were staff of the hospitals under study were selected for the study. Data were collected through the administration of questionnaire to the selected respondents.
Results: The study found that medical social workers were poorly recognized in the hospitals and they were assigned non-social work tasks. The study also found that they work in very poor conditions, were poorly remunerated and their programmes in hospitals do not attract government funding. Above all, the study revealed that medical social workers go through series of discrimination from other medical professionals in the course of carrying out their duties.
Conclusion: Policy makers in the health sector must ensure that health care reform legislation includes social workers among the professionals eligible to provide care coordination. Also, medical doctors and other medical professionals should see medical social workers as team players working towards the same goal; patient’s safety. Medical doctors should in most cases consider recommendations from medical social workers.
Effect of Organic Sources of Nutrients on Growth and Flowering of Spray Chrysanthemum
Authors: Sarkar Sampa , Sarkar Indrajit , Sarkar Dipayan , Maitra Soumen , Chatterjee Ranjit 
Published: January 2024

Aims: Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) also known as “Queen of the East” is one of the most imperative and the oldest flowering plant which is grown all over the world. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers improve soil health by increasing soil microorganisms and it helps the easy uptake of nutrients when crop is required to make it from unavailable form to available form. The present study was conducted to identify the best organic sources of nutrients for quality flower production of Chrysanthemum var. Aparajita.
Experimental Design: The experiment was laid out in RCBD (Randomized Completely Block Design) where treatments comprised with control and application of enriched FYM, enriched Vermicompost, enriched poultry manures as well as spraying with seaweeds extract singly and/or in combination as per the treatment.
Place and Duration of the Experiment: The present investigation was carried out at Instructional Farm, Department of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in the year of 2018-2020. The place is situated in Terai Region of West Bengal at 260 19 N latitude and 890 23 E longitude.
Results: The results revealed that application of enriched FYM @ 12.5t/ha+ enriched vermicompost @ 2.5t/ha + Seaweeds extract spraying @ 3 ml/l (T11) recorded maximum plant height (46.19 cm), plant spread (E-W: 26.54 cm and N-S: 26.72 cm), production of more number of primary branches (7.25) and leaves per plant (105.33), minimum days taken to first flower bud initiation (68.13 days) and first flower full blooming (10.11 days), more number of flowers per plant (35.16), vase life (14.55 days) in tap water, maximum Gross return (Rs. 517957.00 per ha) and B:C ratio (1:2.53) while minimum was recorded in control (T1) as compare to other treatments.
Conclusion: Based on the experiment, it had been concluded that application of enriched FYM @ 12.5t/ha+ enriched vermicompost @ 2.5t/ha + Seaweeds extract spraying @ 3 ml/l in combination was the best for organic cultivation of spray Chrysanthemum in the Terai region of West Bengal which was also economically viable for poor and marginal farmers of West Bengal.