bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of duvelisib and moxifloxacin: greenness metric assessment and application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats
Authors: Othman Weam M , Al-Zoman Nourah Z , Darwish Ibrahim A , Almomen Aliyah , Farid Nehal F , Abdallah Fatma F , Saad Samah S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Duvelisib (DUV) is a potent anticancer drug whereas Moxifloxacin (MOX) is an antimicrobial drug with anti-proliferative potency against cancerous cells, which is empirically administered in cancer treatment. DUV and MOX combination is commonly prescribed to combat infections in patients while they are under chemotherapy treatment. This study describes, for the first time, the development of a simple and green synchronous spectrofluorimetric (SSF) method for the simultaneous estimation of DUV and MOX in plasma. DUV and MOX were quantified at 273 and 362 nm, respectively without interference between each other at Δλ of 120 nm. The experimental variables influencing fluorescence intensities were thoroughly investigated and the optimum conditions were established. At pH 3.5, the optimum synchronous fluorescence intensity (SFI) was achieved in water solvent by using sodium acetate buffer solution. Calibration curves for DUV and MOX, correlating the SFI with the corresponding drug concentration, were linear in the range of 50–1000 ng mL−1 for both drugs, with good correlation coefficients. The method was extremely sensitive, with limits of detection of 24 and 22 ng mL−1, and limits of quantitation of 40 and 45 ngmL−1 for DUV and MOX, respectively. The SSF method was validated according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for validation of analytical procedures, and the validation parameters were acceptable. The proposed SSF method was applied to the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies in rats’ plasma after single concurrent oral administration of both drugs. The results of the study revealed that caution should be taken with DUV dose when concurrently administered with MOX. The greenness of SSF method was assessed by three different metric tools namely Analytical Eco-scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness Calculator. The results confirmed that SSF method is an eco-friendly and green analytical approach. In conclusion, the proposed SSF method is a valuable tool for pharmacokinetic/bioavailability studies and therapeutic drug monitoring of simultaneously administered DUV and MOX.
Solution-processed graphene films for electrochemical monitoring of extracellular nitric oxide released by breast cancer cells
Authors: Butler Derrick , Sankhe Chinmay S , Khamsi Pouya Soltan , Gomez Esther W , Ebrahimi Aida 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular function, immune response, and intercellular signaling. However, due to its short lifetime, real-time detection of NO is challenging. Herein, an electrochemical sensor based on fibronectin-modified, solution-processed graphene ink for NO detection is developed using a facile fabrication method involving spin-coating and hot-plate annealing. The sensor is first electrochemically characterized with a NO donor, spermine NONOate, exhibiting a dynamic range of 10–1000 μM. The fibronectin-functionalized graphene supports the attachment and growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, as confirmed by optical microscopy. Extracellular NO production is stimulated using the amino acid L-arginine. NO production results in morphological changes to the adhered cells, which are reversible upon the addition of the NO synthase antagonist Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The production of NO is also confirmed using real-time amperometric measurements with the fibronectin-functionalized graphene sensors. While this work focuses on NO detection, this potentially scalable platform could be extended to other cell types with envisioned applications including the high-throughput evaluation of therapeutics and biocompatible coatings.
Quantum optical induced-coherence tomography by a hybrid interferometer
Authors: Kim Eun Mi , Lee Sun Kyung , Lee Sang Min , Kang Myeong Soo , Park Hee Su 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Quantum interferometry based on induced-coherence phenomena has demonstrated the possibility of undetected-photon measurements. Perturbation in the optical path of probe photons can be detected by interference signals generated by quantum mechanically correlated twin photons propagating through a different path, possibly at a different wavelength. To the best of our knowledge, this work demonstrates for the first time a hybrid-type induced-coherence interferometer that incorporates a Mach–Zehnder-type interferometer for near-visible photons and a Michelson-type interferometer for infrared (IR) photons, based on double-pass-pumped spontaneous parametric down-conversion. This configuration enables IR optical measurements via the detection of near-visible photons and provides methods for optimizing the quality of measurements by identifying photon pairs of different origins. We theoretically identify that the induced-coherence interference visibility is approximately the same as the heralding efficiency between twin photons along the relevant spatial modes, and experimentally maximize the visibility by setting up a common reference spatial mode for IR photons. Applications to both time-domain and frequency-domain quantum optical induced-coherence tomography for three-dimensional test structures are demonstrated. The results prove the feasibility of practical undetected-photon sensing and imaging techniques based on the presented structure.
Position control performance analysis of linear actuator in swashplate-controlled electro hydrostatic actuation system
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Mandal Nimai Pada 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The position control of an energy efficient electrohydraulic actuation system is a decisive characteristic of its performance. In position control applications, a servo valve and/or variable displacement pump are vital to control the position of the linear actuator. In this open-loop control experimental work, the position of a linear actuator having a stroke length of 0.2 m is controlled by a swashplate-controlled electro hydrostatic actuation system. LabVIEW is used to create the control algorithm, and the National Instrument compact-RIO controller is used to control the voltage supply. The National Instruments controller processes sinusoidal and square demand signals at frequencies of 1/16, 1/12, 1/8, and 1/4 Hz. Open-loop control performance is predominantly dependent on the appropriate tuning of the voltage supply. Control performance is evaluated using the parameters integrated absolute error, integrated square error, integrated time absolute error, and integrated time square error. In comparison to square demand, it has been found that sinusoidal demand offers better position control accuracy, and square demand also offers appropriate control accuracy only at lower frequencies (1/16 Hz).
Breaking the Bonds of Segregation
Authors: Jenkins Destin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article uncovers the financial knowledge and bond market campaigns of the paradigmatic non-violent revolution of the twentieth century—the civil rights movement. It builds on an interpretation made by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during the early 1960s: segregation was a national problem because it was financed through a network of bankers across the country who specialized in the business of debt; certified by prominent bond attorneys in New York City, Chicago, and elsewhere; and because investors from around the country collected tax-exempt interest payments from indebted southern segregated municipalities.
By weaving the internal memos, protest ephemera, and legal strategies of civil rights activists together with the credit assessments, scheduled bond offerings, and perspectives of financiers, this article reconstructs the attempts to politicize bond market transactions and efforts to place the economic certainty of segregation in doubt. In so doing, it offers a fresh perspective on the so-called classic phase of the civil rights movement (1954–1965). More generally, it raises powerful questions about the dilemmas of investment-focused campaigns, and how finance capital compounds the difficulties of organizing against authoritarian regimes.
Grandmaternal body mass index in early pregnancy and risk of grandoffspring stillbirth: a nationwide, 3-generation cohort study
Authors: Villamor Eduardo , Cnattingius Sven 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
We investigated the association between maternal grandmaternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and grandoffspring stillbirth risk in a Swedish population-based 3-generation cohort of 176 908 grandmothers (F0), 197 579 mothers (F1), and 316 459 grandoffspring (F2) born 1997-2016. There were 998 stillbirths (risk, 3.2 per 1000 births). Compared with grandmaternal BMI 18.5-24.9, adjusted relative risks (RRs) of grandoffspring stillbirth for BMIs of 25.0-29.9 and ≥30.0 were, respectively, 1.41 (95% CI, 1.15-1.72) and 1.62 (95% CI, 1.14-2.30). RRs for corresponding maternal (F1) BMI categories were, respectively, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.06-1.65) and 1.77 (95% CI, 1.39-2.25). Maternal BMI mediated only 19% of this relationship. Grandmaternal preeclampsia and maternal small-for-gestational age (SGA) birth were related to increased F2 stillbirth risk but did not mediate the association between grandmaternal BMI and grandoffspring stillbirth risk. To explore whether this association was explained by factors shared within families, we studied the relationship of maternal full sisters’ BMI and stillbirth risk in 101 368 pregnancies. Stillbirth RRs for full sisters’ BMI 25.0-29.9 and ≥30.0 compared with 18.5-24.9 were, respectively, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.51-1.13) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.55-1.40). In conclusion, grandmaternal overweight and obesity were associated with grandoffspring stillbirth. This association is not fully explained by shared familial factors.
Integrating multi-omics data to analyze the potential pathogenic mechanism of CTSH gene involved in type 1 diabetes in the exocrine pancreas
Authors: Song Zerun , Li Shuai , Shang Zhenwei , Lv Wenhua , Cheng Xiangshu , Meng Xin , Chen Rui , Zhang Shuhao , Zhang Ruijie 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet beta cells. Despite significant advancements, the precise pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown. This work integrated data from expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies with Genome wide association study (GWAS) summary data of T1D and single-cell transcriptome data to investigate the potential pathogenic mechanisms of the CTSH gene involved in T1D in exocrine pancreas. Using the summary data–based Mendelian randomization (SMR) approach, we obtained four potential causative genes associated with T1D: BTN3A2, PGAP3, SMARCE1 and CTSH. To further investigate these genes’roles in T1D development, we validated them using a scRNA-seq dataset from pancreatic tissues of both T1D patients and healthy controls. The analysis showed a significantly high expression of the CTSH gene in T1D acinar cells, whereas the other three genes showed no significant changes in the scRNA-seq data. Moreover, single-cell WGCNA analysis revealed the strongest positive correlation between the module containing CTSH and T1D. In addition, we found cellular ligand–receptor interactions between the acinar cells and different cell types, especially ductal cells. Finally, based on functional enrichment analysis, we hypothesized that the CTSH gene in the exocrine pancreas enhances the antiviral response, leading to the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of an inflammatory microenvironment. This process promotes β cells injury and ultimately the development of T1D. Our findings offer insights into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of T1D.
Infectious Inequity: How the Gut Microbiome and Social Determinants of Health May Contribute to Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Reveles Kelly R , Strey Kelsey A , Abdul-Mutakabbir Jacinda C , Mendoza V Mateo , Carreno Joseph J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Infectious diseases are a leading contributor to death in the United States, and racial differences in clinical outcomes have been increasingly reported. Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a growing public health concern, as it causes nearly half a million infections per year and considerable excess hospital costs. Concurrent with other infectious diseases, recent literature denotes racial disparities in CDI incidence rates, mortality, and associated morbidity. Of note, investigations into CDI and causative factors suggest that inequities in health-related social needs and other social determinants of health (SDoH) may cause disruption to the gut microbiome, thereby contributing to the observed deleterious outcomes in racially and ethnically minoritized individuals. Despite these discoveries, there is limited literature that provides context for the recognized racial disparities in CDI, particularly the influence of structural and systemic barriers. Here, we synthesize the available literature describing racial inequities in CDI outcomes and discuss the interrelationship of SDoH on microbiome dysregulation. Finally, we provide actionable considerations for infectious diseases professionals to aid in narrowing CDI equity gaps.
Advancements in Novel Live Biotherapeutic Products for Clostridioides difficile Infection Prevention
Authors: Lavoie Thomas , Appaneal Haley J , LaPlante Kerry L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The profound impact of the human microbiome on health and disease has captivated the interest of clinical and scientific communities. The human body hosts a vast array of microorganisms collectively forming the human microbiome, which significantly influences various physiological processes and profoundly shapes overall well-being. Notably, the gut stands out as an exceptional reservoir, harboring the most significant concentration of microorganisms, akin to an organ in itself. The gut microbiome's composition and function are influenced by genetics, environment, age, underlying conditions, and antibiotic usage, leading to dysbiosis and pathogenesis, such as Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Conventional CDI treatment, involving antibiotics like oral vancomycin and fidaxomicin, fails to address dysbiosis and may further disrupt gut microbial communities. Consequently, emerging therapeutic strategies are focused on targeting dysbiosis and restoring gut microbiota to advance CDI therapeutics. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating recurrent CDI by transferring processed stool from a healthy donor to a recipient, restoring gut dysbiosis and enhancing bacterial diversity. Moreover, 2 newer Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved live biotherapeutic products (LBP), namely, Fecal Microbiota Live-JSLM and Fecal Microbiota Spores Live-BRPK, have shown promise in preventing CDI recurrence. This review explores the role of the gut microbiota in preventing and treating CDI, with an emphasis on gut-based interventions like FMT and fecal microbiota-based products that hold potential for gut restoration and prevention of CDI recurrence. Understanding the microbiome's impact on CDI prevention and treatment offers valuable insights for advancing future CDI therapeutics.
Effectiveness and Implementation of an EnhanceFitness Physical Activity Intervention Specifically in Adults With Arthritis: A RE-AIM Evaluation
Authors: Jones Dina L , Eicher Jennifer L , Fang Wei , Hootman Jennifer M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study evaluated the effectiveness of the evidence-based, EnhanceFitness (EF) physical activity (PA) intervention in improving arthritis symptoms, physical and mental function, and PA in adults with arthritis.

Research Design and Methods
This was a community-based, randomized, controlled effectiveness trial that switched to a nonrandomized controlled trial. Participants were sedentary/low-active adults, aged ≥18 years, with self-reported physician-diagnosed arthritis, who were assigned to an immediate or delayed group (12-week, wait-list control group). Classes were held thrice weekly for 12 weeks at 17 community sites in 4 urban and 5 rural West Virginia counties. Data were collected at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. The RE-AIM Framework evaluated EF’s: (1) reach (enrollment); (2) effectiveness (outcomes); (3) adoption (proportion of sites/instructors that delivered EF); (4) implementation (attendance, fidelity, adverse events, and satisfaction); and (5) maintenance (EF continuation). Outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression.

Results
There were 323 adults with a mean age of 68.3 years (range 27–95). Reach was 74%; site and instructor adoption rates were 100% and 55%, respectively; attendance (1.8 sessions per week) and fidelity were good; injury rate was low (3.8%); participants were highly satisfied and experienced improvements in arthritis symptoms and physical function; and 27% of instructors and 18% of sites continued EF.

Discussion and Implications
EnhanceFitness was safe and effective in improving arthritis symptoms and physical function in sedentary/low-active adults with arthritis, across the adult age spectrum, under real-world conditions, in both urban and rural communities.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00526201
Insights on the 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake, Turkey, from InSAR: fault locations, rupture styles and induced deformation
Authors: Kobayashi Tomokazu , Munekane Hiroshi , Kuwahara Masaki , Furui Haruna 
Published: December 2023

SUMMARY
We successfully detected widely distributed ground displacements for the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, earthquakes by conducting interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) analyses using a ScanSAR observation mode. Major deformation extended approximately 350 and 150 km along the southern and northern strands bifurcating in the west of the East Anatolian Fault, produced by the main shock and the largest aftershock. The deformation map reveals that the ruptures propagated on the Erkenek, Pazarcık and Amanos segments on the southern strand and the Çardak segment on the northern strand. The fault plane of the northern strand bends approximately 45° at both edges with Z-shaped crank geometry. The bending fault at the western edge runs just along the Çardak segment but does not reach the Savrun segment, while at the eastern edge it deviates from known active faults such as Sürgü, Malatya faults and Doğansehır fault zone. A 3-D displacement map demonstrates that almost pure left-lateral fault motions were distributed along the two strands, with little vertical deformation. The moment magnitudes estimated from the slip distribution model were 7.82 and 7.66 for the southern and northern strands, respectively, with the Erkenek and Çardak segments having the largest released seismic moments on each strand, corresponding to approximately 31 and 57 per cent of the total, respectively. The Coulomb Failure Function change values indicate that the main shock can promote the largest aftershock with a standard value of the effective friction coefficient. Additionally, the unclamping effect controlled by the frictional property of the rock was a key factor in pulling the trigger of the seismic event on the northern strand. The historically accumulated and released seismic energies were imbalanced for the Pazarcık and Erkenek segments, suggesting that the 2023 event does not support a simple characteristic earthquake model; rather, it may be consistent with a supercycle model, in which the slip remnants from the characteristic earthquakes have been historically accumulated as coupling on a fault and released as huge earthquakes at longer intervals.
Second screening and trust in professional and alternative media: the mediating role of media efficacy
Authors: Cheng Zicheng , Yang Yin , Gil de Zúñiga Homero 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the media convergence landscape, consumption of traditional, well-established media is increasingly combined with newer digital and online platforms such as blogs, podcasts, and social media, which has changed the way news users engage with media content. This study examines the relationship between hybrid media use—specifically, second screening—and trust in both professional and alternative media. Drawing on a two-wave U.S. panel data, first, we find that the second screening positively predicts individuals’ belief in the media’s ability to help them comprehend complex political matters, known in the literature as media efficacy. Furthermore, second screening is positively associated with alternative media trust but is not significantly related to trust in professional media. However, media efficacy positively mediates the connection between second screening and trust in both alternative and professional media. By delivering valuable information to help the public understand intricate political topics, the second screening promotes news media trust.
Utility of a Pediatric Psychosocial Screener in an Outpatient Burn Clinic
Authors: Williford Desireé N , Jackson Carrie B , Durkin Kristine , Langholz Ariana , Aballay Ariel , Duncan Christina L 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Psychosocial concerns are common among youth who sustained a burn injury. Detecting psychosocial distress early is essential to ensure appropriate treatment and referrals. Thus far, research has focused largely on the long-term outcomes of pediatric burn survivors. The current quality improvement initiative details the implementation and outcomes of brief, pragmatic screening to assess psychosocial concerns among pediatric burn survivors in an outpatient setting. A primary caregiver completed an age-appropriate psychosocial screener for youth aged 4-10 years (n = 69), while patients aged 11-17 years (n = 72) completed a self-report screener. Total scores were used to categorize patients as acute risk (i.e., emotional concerns requiring immediate attention), moderate risk (i.e., elevated symptoms, but no immediate safety concerns), or low risk (i.e., endorsing few to no symptoms). Patients with acute risk were evaluated by medical staff to determine the need for immediate psychiatric intervention or social services referrals. Patients with moderate risk met with the on-site psychology team during their clinic visit or were contacted by telephone within 1 week. Patients in the low-risk category warranted no additional follow-up post-screening. Most patients scored in the low-risk category (n = 120; 85%), while 11% (n = 16) and 4% (n = 5) endorsed symptoms consistent with moderate and acute risk, respectively. Results demonstrate the utility of implementing pediatric psychosocial screening in an outpatient burn clinic, the importance of detecting psychosocial concerns in this context, and usage of referrals to address concerns. Findings also shed light on key caveats of psychosocial screening, barriers to accessing psychosocial support, and the potential benefits of embedded psychological support during medical visits.