bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring copyrolysis characteristics and thermokinetics of peach stone and bituminous coal blends
Authors: Khoja Asif Hussain , Gohar Hamad , Khan Waqar Ul Habib , Qazi Umair Yaqub , Din Israf Ud , Al‐Anazi Abdulaziz , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad , Mujtaba M. A. , Riaz Fahid , Daood Syed Sheraz 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCopyrolysis, being an active area of research due to its synergistic impact in utilizing diverse fuel resources, including waste materials, like, peach stone (PS), has been the focal point for this study. PS, produced in vast quantities annually and typically intended for landscaping or insulation purposes, is being studied in combination with low‐grade bituminous coal for energy utilization focusing on thermokinetics and synergistic aspects. Coal‐peach stone (C‐PS) blends were formulated at different ratios and subjected to comprehensive characterization techniques, including ultimate analysis (CHN‐S), gross calorific value (GCV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The ultimate analysis revealed an enhancement in carbon and hydrogen content from 45.38% to 68.08% and from 3.89% to 6.96%, respectively. Additionally, a reduction in sulfur and nitrogen content from 0.54% to 0.11% and from 1.16% to 0.42%, respectively, was observed with an increase in the ratio of PS in the C‐PS blends. The GCV of C‐PS blends ranged from 20.75 to 26.01 MJ kg−1. The pyrolysis conditions simulated in TGA are pivotal for evaluating thermokinetics and synergistic effects. The 60C:40PS blend shows a positive synergy index (SI) value of 0.0203% concerning total mass loss (MLT) indicating a favorable condition for bio‐oil generation. Coats–Redfern model‐fitting method reveals that the activation energy (Ea) of C‐PS blends increases in Section II with the addition of PS, and conversely, it decreases in Section III. The Ea for 100PS and 100C was 106.76 and 45.85 kJ mol−1 through (D3) and (F1), respectively, which was improved through the optimal blend 60C:40PS with an Ea of 94.56 and 27.58 kJ mol−1 through (D3) and (F2), respectively. The values obtained from linear regression prove that the kinetic models are effective while the thermodynamic analysis indicates that the pyrolytic behavior of C‐PS blends is characterized as endothermic, nonspontaneous, and capable of achieving thermodynamic equilibrium more rapidly.
Rare diseases in developing countries: Insights from China's collaborative network
Authors: Chen Jishizhan , Li Yihan , Chang Jinke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRare diseases (RDs) are complex conditions and a worldwide healthcare challenge. The healthcare policymakers in developing countries lack templates from countries at the same level of development. This article introduced and discussed the combination of top‐down strategies and bottom‐up interventions in addressing RDs in a developing country, China, as an example. The government leads the formulation of laws, policies, and guidance to coordinate national resources, while local authorities and nongovernment organisations (NGOs) are responsible for policy localisation and complement policy gaps. This article may inspire other developing countries of improving RD healthcare.
Obstacles to treatment retention in opioid use disorder: An international substance use disorder treatment worker survey
Authors: Jones Matthew , Guirguis Amira , Watkins Alan , Bradshaw Ceri , Mohamed Lily , Schifano Fabrizio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionTreatment retention is associated with better outcomes and reduced risk amongst people experiencing opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite this, treatment retention remains low amongst this population.MethodsWe carried out an international cross‐sectional survey of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment service workers. We aimed to understand the barriers to treatment retention in the context of OUD from the provider perspective, identify differences in response preference between professional groups, and describe regional differences in treatment provision.ResultsWe report data from 497 respondents based in the USA and the UK. Personality disorders, low motivation to change and social problems were the most often reported obstacles to retention. Comorbid SUD, hepatitis and HIV were not reported as often as expected. We identified associations between professional groups and response preferences related to comorbid SUD, low motivation, living arrangements and communication difficulties. UK respondents used behavioural treatments more than their US counterparts. US respondents more often reported using objective methods of measuring retention such as urine analysis, compared to their UK counterparts.DiscussionThe findings from this survey suggest that regional differences exist between US and UK based SUD treatment service workers. Personality disorders represented the most often experienced obstacles to treatment retention amongst patients with OUD, with mental health and social problems more often reported than comorbid drug problems or physical health problems. Statistically significant relationships exist between professional group and obstacles reported. These data may be used to identify additional training needs amongst SUD treatment service staff.
Primary symptoms of severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with acute abdomen, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever: A case report
Authors: Lei Hui , Wang Qiong , Xiong Xue‐min , Hu Shengjuan , Shao Yu , Shao Rongchang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground IntroductionIn recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with pediatric diseases who have severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia, and there has also been an increased attention to serious extrapulmonary complications. However, cases with abdominal pain, acute abdomen, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms have been rarely reported.Case DescriptionA 3‐years‐and‐8‐months‐old male patient diagnosed with pediatric disease was reported with abdominal pain, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms in the present study. No respiratory symptoms were observed throughout the disease. Through computed tomography (CT) scanning, the patient was diagnosed with severe MP pneumonia based on the symptoms of abdominal pain and fever, as well as pulmonary infection, pleural effusion, and retroperitoneal exudation. Laboratory tests supported the diagnosis of MP infection, and the diagnosis was confirmed by severe MP pneumonia. The therapeutic effects of azithromycin were poor, and the symptoms were quickly alleviated with the addition of gamma globulin and methylprednisolone. After discharge, azithromycin sequential therapy was administered. The chest CT was normal at the follow‐up 1‐month later.ConclusionSevere MP pneumonia in patients with pediatric diseases may include abdominal pain, scrotal swelling and pain, and fever as the primary symptoms. Care should be taken to avoid missed diagnoses and misdiagnoses in clinical practice.
Optical genome mapping identifies structural variants in potentially new cancer predisposition candidate genes in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Wagener Rabea , Brandes Danielle , Jung Marie , Huetzen Maxim A. , Bergmann Anke K. , Panier Stephanie , Picard Daniel , Fischer Ute , Jachimowicz Ron D. , Borkhardt Arndt , Brozou Triantafyllia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenetic predisposition is one of the major risk factors for pediatric cancer, with ~10% of children being carriers of a predisposing germline alteration. It is likely that this is the tip of the iceberg and many children are underdiagnosed, as most of the analysis focuses on single or short nucleotide variants, not considering the full spectrum of DNA alterations. Hence, we applied optical genome mapping (OGM) to our cohort of 34 pediatric cancer patients to perform an unbiased germline screening and analyze the frequency of structural variants (SVs) and their impact on cancer predisposition. All children were clinically highly suspicious for germline alterations (concomitant conditions or congenital anomalies, positive family cancer history, particular cancer type, synchronous or metachronous tumors), but whole exome sequencing (WES) had failed to detect pathogenic variants in cancer predisposing genes. OGM detected a median of 49 rare SVs (range 27‐149) per patient. By analysis of 18 patient‐parent trios, we identified three de novo SVs. Moreover, we discovered a likely pathogenic deletion of exon 3 in the known cancer predisposition gene BRCA2, and identified a duplication in RPA1, which might represent a new cancer predisposition gene. We conclude that optical genome mapping is a suitable tool for detecting potentially predisposing SVs in addition to WES in pediatric cancer patients.
Effect of BMI-Discordant Abdominal Tissue Thickness on Fracture Probability: A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Leslie William D. , Binkley Neil , Schousboe John T. , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Kanis John A. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
FRAX, which is used to assess fracture probability, considers body mass index (BMI), but BMI may not reflect individual variation in body composition and distribution. We examined the effect of BMI-discordant abdominal thickness on FRAX-derived fracture probability for major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture. We studied 73,105 individuals, mean age 64.2 years. During mean 8.7 years, 7048 (9.6%) individuals sustained incident MOF, including 2155 (3.0%) hip fractures. We defined abdominal thickness index (ATI) as the difference between abdominal thickness measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and thickness predicted by BMI using sex-stratified regression. ATI was categorized from lower (&lt;−2 cm, −2 to −1 cm) to higher (1–2 cm, &gt;+2 cm) with referent around zero (−1 to +1 cm). Adjusted for FRAX probability, increasing ATI was associated with incident MOF and hip fracture (p &lt; 0.001). For the highest ATI category, MOF risk was increased (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.35) independent of FRAX probability. Similar findings were noted for hip fracture probability (HR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.51). There was significant age-interaction with much larger effects before age 65 years (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.23–1.69 for MOF; 2.29, 95% CI 1.65–3.18 for hip fracture). In contrast, for the subset of individuals with diabetes, there was also increased risk for those in the lowest ATI category (HR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.12–2.65 for MOF; 2.81, 95% CI 1.59–4.97 for hip fracture). Calibration plots across ATI categories demonstrated deviation from the line of identity in women (calibration slope 2.26 for MOF, 2.83 for hip fracture). An effect of ATI was not found in men, but this was inconclusive as the sex-interaction terms did not show significant effect modification. In conclusion, these data support the need to investigate increased abdominal thickness beyond that predicted by BMI and sex as a FRAX-independent risk factor for fracture. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The effect of the home environment on children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kahveci Gul , Caylak Emrah , Kara Donay Nisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is 1% worldwide. Autistic individuals typically have a high level of sensitivity to the various environmental stimuli (smell, noise, light). These stimuli have a positive or negative influence on the person–environment interaction, and an excess of stimuli may create inappropriate or unanticipated behavioral responses (such as a crisis) effecting their well‐being. The Model of Competence, which provides an explanation of the interaction between the individual and the environment, was selected as the conceptual framework to direct this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the opinions and experiences of mothers regarding the influence of the characteristics of the home environment on autistic individuals. A qualitative interpretative description design was utilized for this study's framework. Participants in the study were mothers who have autistic children. The study with focus groups was continued until data saturation was reached. There was a thematic investigation carried out. The findings show that the factors that have an effect on autistic individuals can be categorized into several subsets like sensory, routines, and physical environment. Despite the fact that the home setting is often a secure and consistent environment, these aspects were identified as crucial. Consequently, one should give some thought to the consequences that this could have in other settings where it would be harder to exercise control. The identification of these factors and the impact they have enables a better understanding of the interaction between an autistic individual and their environment and serves to guide professionals in their interventions.
Pharmacognostic characterization of Dicleptera chinensis by scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and analytical techniques
Authors: Sarfraz Mehak , Alam Fiaz , Din Kinza Muhammad , Malik Shazia , Quddoos Atifa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDicleptera chinensis J. (Acanthaceae) has been employed in traditional medicinal systems for treating various ailments. It has been used as an anti‐inflammatory, wound healing, diuretic, and detoxifying agent in different regions of the world. This study determines several pharmacognostic standards, which are useful to ensure safety, efficacy, and purity of D. chinensis. Different parts of the plant were examined through a scanning electron microscope and light microscope, and cross‐section images revealed several useful botanical features of the plant. The color, size, odor, shape, and surface characteristics of plant parts were also examined macroscopically. Pharmacognostic standardization parameters including ash values, loss on drying, swelling index, hemolytic index, and foaming index were determined in accordance with WHO guidelines. Heavy metal analysis was executed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer which depicted the presence of heavy metals and trace elements within the acceptable range. Qualitative phytochemical tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and so forth of plant extract were also performed, which showed the valuable amount of these phytochemicals useful for medicinal purposes. Preliminary phytochemical tests provide an indication for major phytoconstituents classes present in the plant. These quantitative and qualitative microscopic features are helpful in establishing the pharmacopeia standards of plant. Assessment of various pharmacognostic features such as morphology of various plant parts explained along with physicochemical and phytochemical analysis could be very helpful for future research.Research Highlights
Pharmacognostic standardization is employed as reported evidence for correct identification of D. chinensis.
Structures identified by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy serve as diagnostic features of plant.
Important secondary metabolites present in the plant suggest the need for further exploration through advanced metabolomics and other analytical techniques.
Associations between COVID‐19 therapies and inpatient gastrointestinal bleeding: A multisite retrospective study
Authors: Wiedel Noah A. , Sayles Harlan , Larson Jessica , Wardian Jana L. , Hewlett Alexander , McClay James , Ge Jin , Anzalone Alfred Jerrod ,   The N3C consortium
Published: October 2023

AbstractLittle data is available regarding the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding in adults hospitalized with COVID‐19 infection and the influence of patient comorbidities and demographics, COVID‐19 therapies, and typical medications used. In this retrospective study, we utilized the National COVID Cohort Collaborative to investigate the primary outcome of the development of gastrointestinal bleeding in 512 467 hospitalized US adults (age >18 years) within 14 days of a COVID‐19 infection and the influence of demographics, comorbidities, and selected medications. Gastrointestinal bleeding developed in 0.44% of patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Comorbidities associated with gastrointestinal bleeding include peptic ulcer disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 10.2), obesity (aOR 1.27), chronic kidney disease (aOR 1.20), and tobacco use disorder (aOR 1.28). Lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding was seen among women (aOR 0.76), Latinx (aOR 0.85), and vaccinated patients (aOR 0.74). Dexamethasone alone or with remdesivir was associated with lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (aOR 0.69 and aOR 0.83, respectively). Remdesivir monotherapy was associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (aOR 1.25). Proton pump inhibitors were more often prescribed in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding, likely representing treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding rather than a risk factor for its development. In adult patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, the use of dexamethasone alone or in combination with remdesivir is negatively associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. Remdesivir monotherapy is associated with increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio at admission can predict the prognosis of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: He Shan , Han Qunying , Wang Xiaoyun , Zhang Xiaoge , Li Na , Liu Zhengwen 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly indicators are needed to predict the prognosis of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) has been shown to be related to mortality risk of patients with various diseases. This study evaluated the prognostic value of APRI and other inflammatory scores in HFRS patients. Data of hospitalized HFRS patients from a tertiary hospital in northwest China were collected and the inflammatory scores such as APRI and neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (NLR) were calculated at the day of patient admission. Independent factors related to the survival of patients were determined by multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the predictive value, and area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for quantification. Of the 317 HFRS patients included in study, 15 patients died. Age (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.16, p = 0.001), NLR (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.19, p = 0.01), and APRI (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.10, p = 0.001) were quantitative objective factors independently associated with the survival of patients. APRI had an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–1.00, p < 0.001) for predicting the prognosis of patients, with a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 86.8%. The performance of APRI was better than that of age or NLR. Patients with an APRI ≥ 6.15 had significantly decreased survival compared with those with an APRI < 6.15. In conclusion, this simple index APRI calculated at admission can serve as a biomarker to identify HFRS patients at risk of poor prognosis.
Opening new brokerage opportunities while closing existing ones: The Tertius Iungens orientation as a source of network advantage
Authors: Kauppila Olli‐Pekka , Bizzi Lorenzo , Obstfeld David 
Published: September 2023

SummaryOrganizational members face a motivational dilemma in influencing the social relationships of others: The organization benefits from high connectedness among employees, but personal advantages accrue to those who occupy brokerage positions between disconnected others. In this study, we draw on the organizational paradox perspective to argue that the reconciliation of these contrasting objectives lies in recognizing one's agency to facilitate connectedness (closing) within a social structure and the search for new connections (opening) as mutually supportive. Across two field studies, we examine how individuals' advantageous position in an organizational network emerges from the interplay between a tertius iungens orientation to join others in collaboration and network building to open new brokering opportunities. In Study 1, analyses of a sample of two‐wave, cross‐lagged panel data show that a tertius iungens orientation contributes to the number of outgoing ties to other actors via network building. Study 2 uses a network survey to add that a tertius iungens orientation is positively associated with incoming ties from others and network brokerage, and again, these relationships are mediated by network building. Overall, our results indicate that by increasing connectedness in their organizational social network, individuals simultaneously activate opening behaviors that facilitate the expansion of their network, thereby revitalizing their structurally advantageous position.
The nexus between firm‐supply‐chain relationships and the potential for tourism development: A case study approach
Authors: Alonso Abel Duarte , Vu Oanh Thi Kim , O'Brien Seamus , Tran Thanh Duc , Nguyen Trung Thanh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis exploratory study examines the importance of firm‐supply chain relationships for tourism development. Based upon prior observations, two firms seeking to boost their tourism offerings and operating in a popular Vietnamese tourist destination were selected. Semi‐structured face‐to‐face and online interviews were conducted and complemented by on‐site visits, and firm information. Various salient dimensions emerged from the data analysis. The ‘performance catalyst’ and ‘detectable value adding’ dimensions underscore the supply chain's benefits, while the ‘discerning relations’ dimension highlights deeper relationships through mutual support, building trust, or demonstrating care. Conceptually, the study proposes a framework with associated theoretical and practical implications.
More the merrier!! Understanding the effect of available content choices over willingness to pay for over‐the‐top subscriptions
Authors: Gupta Shaphali , Shrivastava Pooja , Gupta‐Rawal Soniya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAround the globe, the trend of cutting cable cords in favor of over‐the‐top media platforms has been rising tremendously. Further, the influx of different content is disrupting media consumption behavior. Underpinning the choice theory, this study investigates the effect of the availability of content choices on over‐the‐top platforms on users' subscription intention. Insights from the triangulation of marketplace evidence and interviews reveal that the availability of content choices leads to the willingness to pay for the content, which further leads to the subscription intention. The conceptual framework suggests that content affinity, reviews, and recommendations play a moderating role in suggested relationships. The three experimental studies validate that the role of content choices on subscription intention is mediated by the higher willingness to pay for the content only in the absence of negative platform‐related reviews and recommendations. Further, this study presents content strategies and suggested matrices for practitioners and paves the way for academicians to explore digital adoptions using choice theory for future research.