bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manufacture of 3D Compact Graphene Oxide Macrostructures
Authors: Liu Siyu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is an important candidate material in the 2D‐material family. A single GO nanosheet comprises a one‐atom‐thick graphene sheet with oxygen‐containing functional groups. The interaction of oxygen groups on GO can help assemble GO nanosheets into macroscopic structures as flat membranes or nonplanar 3D structures. The manufacturing of 3D GO‐based macrostructures is of great interest as many applications require nonplanar structures, but current reviews on fabricating 3D GO‐based macrostructures with compact morphology are limited. This article reviews available methods to manufacture 3D GO‐based compact macrostructures, including molding, origami and kirigami, stimuli‐responsive deformation, and 3D printing. With these methods, the manufactured 3D structures have compact layered morphology under scanning electron microscopy. The compact morphology makes the GO‐based structures achieve high mechanical stiffness and strength to satisfy applications that need excellent mechanical properties. These methods have their advantages and drawbacks, so it is needed to select them carefully for specific applications. The development of processing methods to manufacture 3D macrostructures will enable GO‐based materials to achieve wide real‐life applications.
Integrating Automated Electrochemistry and High‐Throughput Characterization with Machine Learning to Explore Si─Ge─Sn Thin‐Film Lithium Battery Anodes
Authors: Sanin Alexey , Flowers Jackson K. , Piotrowiak Tobias H. , Felsen Frederic , Merker Leon , Ludwig Alfred , Bresser Dominic , Stein Helge Sören 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh‐performance batteries need accelerated discovery and optimization of new anode materials. Herein, we explore the Si─Ge─Sn ternary alloy system as a candidate fast‐charging anode materials system by utilizing a scanning droplet cell (SDC) as an autonomous electrochemical characterization tool with the goal of subsequent upscaling. As the SDC is performing experiments sequentially, an exploration of the entire ternary space is unfeasible due to time constraints. Thus, closed‐loop optimization, guided by real‐time data analysis and sequential learning algorithms, is utilized to direct experiments. The lead material identified is scaled up to a coin cell to validate the findings from the autonomous millimeter‐scale thin‐film electrochemical experimentation. Explainable machine learning (ML) models incorporating data from high‐throughput Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) are used to elucidate the effect of short and long‐range ordering on material performance.
Avoiding causal fraud in the evaluation of clinical benefits of treatments for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liu Kathy Y. , Senn Stephen , Howard Robert 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRecent regulatory approvals of three amyloid‐lowering monoclonal antibody therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have triggered a polarizing debate in the field on the clinical meaningfulness of their reported effects. The question of how to define clinical meaningfulness for any treatment that has a modest effect size is important and will likely be subject to influence from interested stakeholders. We warn of claims of evaluating meaningful within‐individual change from randomized parallel‐group trials of AD treatments, sometimes purportedly assessed by a commonly recognized “responder” analysis approach, and explain why it is likely to mislead and should simply be avoided. The average between‐group difference in score change is where the debate and research efforts should be focused to contextualize and evaluate the clinical meaningfulness of the true treatment effect. The statistical and communication principles we consider and would recommend are applicable to the evaluation of most interventions in medicine.Highlights
Dichotomized outcome analysis approaches purporting to evaluate within‐individual meaningful change are highly likely to mislead.
In our view, the most valid statistical approach to understanding the true treatment effect is to analyze the average between‐group difference in outcome scores.
The average between‐group difference in score change is where the debate and research efforts should be focused to contextualize and evaluate the clinical meaningfulness of the true treatment effect.
A multi‐cohort study of longitudinal and cross‐sectional Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Xie Long , Das Sandhitsu R. , Li Yue , Wisse Laura E. M. , McGrew Emily , Lyu Xueying , DiCalogero Michael , Shah Ujashi , Ilesanmi Ademola , Denning Amanda E. , Brown Chris A. , Cohen Jesse , Sreepada Lasya , Dong Mengjin , Sadeghpour Niyousha , Khandelwal Pulkit , Ittyerah Ranjit , Ravikumar Sadhana , Sadaghiani Shokufeh , Hrybouski Stanislau , de Flores Robin , Gibson Eli , Yushkevich Paul A. , Wolk David A. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe generalizability of neuroimaging and cognitive biomarkers in their sensitivity to detect preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and power to predict progression in large, multisite cohorts remains unclear.METHODLongitudinal demographics, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive scores of 3036 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults (amyloid beta [Aβ]‐negative/positive [A–/A+]: 1270/1558) were included. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal cognition and medial temporal lobe (MTL) structural measures were extracted. Cross‐sectional MTL tau burden (T) was computed from tau positron emission tomography (N = 1095).RESULTSWe found cross‐sectional tau and longitudinal structural biomarkers best separated A+ CU from A– CU. A–T+ CU had significantly faster neurodegeneration rate compared to A–T– CU. MTL tau was significantly correlated with MRI and cognitive biomarkers regardless of Aβ status. MTL tau, MRI, and cognition provided complementary information about disease progression.DISCUSSIONThis large multisite study replicates prior findings in CU older adults, supporting the utility of neuroimaging and cognitive biomarkers in preclinical AD clinical trials and normal aging studies.Highlights
We investigated neuroimaging and cognitive biomarkers in 3036 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants.
Medial temporal lobe (MTL) tau and longitudinal MTL atrophy best separate amyloid beta positive (A+) CU from amyloid beta negative (A–) CU.
A– tau positive (T+) CU had a significantly faster neurodegeneration rate compared to A–T– CU.
MTL tau correlated with structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognition regardless of amyloid beta status.
Combined baseline MTL tau, MRI, and cognition best predict Alzheimer's disease progression.
Offspring education and cognitive health: A comparison between Hispanic and White older adults in the United States
Authors: Meza Erika , Romero Karla Renata Flores , Allen Isabel E. , González Hector M. , Glymour M. Maria , Torres Jacqueline M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe compared the relationship between offspring education and cognitive health outcomes among Hispanic and White adults.METHODSWe used data from Hispanic and White (1998–2018) United States (US) Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants (n = 17,484). We assessed cognitive function and decline using episodic memory scores in linear mixed models and incident cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) or probable dementia using the Langa‐Weir 27‐point‐scale in Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSHigher offspring education (> 12 years) was associated with higher baseline cognitive scores and faster cognitive decline. Higher offspring education was also linked to a reduced risk of CIND or probable dementia, particularly among Hispanic participants. Among Hispanic participants, associations with cognitive decline but not incident CIND or probable dementia were of larger magnitude for foreign‐born versus US‐born participants.DISCUSSIONWe found limited evidence of heterogeneity in the association between offspring education and cognitive aging by Hispanic ethnicity and nativity.Highlights
Higher offspring education was associated with higher baseline cognitive scores regardless of ethnicity or nativity.
We found some evidence of an association between higher offspring education and faster cognitive decline, though this association varied by ethnicity and nativity.
Higher offspring education was associated with a reduced risk of incident CIND or dementia for Hispanic and White participants but of slightly larger magnitude for Hispanic participants.
HC‐A solution limb perfusion alleviates liver damage induced by limb ischemia–reperfusion injury in pigs
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Ni Weixiang , Cai Qinglong , Ji Huitao , Du Junhao , Hong Weixuan , Fang Junwei , Wang Lie , Qi Yafeng , Xiao Chunhong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to explore a feasible method for alleviating limb ischemia–reperfusion injury (LI/RI) through the use of a high‐concentration citrate solution (HC‐A solution) for limb perfusion (LP).MethodsEighteen pigs were divided into three groups: the Sham group, LI/RI group, and HCA group. The Sham group underwent exposure of the iliac artery and vein. The LI/RI group underwent tourniquet placement and clamping of the iliac artery and vein to simulate LI/RI. The HCA group received HC‐A solution LP for 30 min through the left iliac artery below the level of blood flow occlusion based on the LI/RI group. Oxidative stress markers and inflammatory response markers were compared among the three groups.ResultsCompared to the LI/RI group, the HCA group showed significantly lower levels of serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and significantly greater activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) or in muscle MDA, SOD, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 between the HCA group and the LI/RI group (p > 0.05). Compared to the LI/RI group, MDA, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels in the liver were significantly lower in the HCA group (p < 0.05), while SOD activities were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Histopathological examination revealed reduced skeletal muscle and liver damage in the HCA group compared to the LI/RI group.ConclusionsHC‐A solution LP can alleviate liver damage caused by LI/RI in pigs.
Effect of Ultrafine Cement Mineral Phase C4AF on the Properties of PVDF Composite Films
Authors: Guo Han , Zhang Zhaocai , Zhu Yu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe development of intelligent buildings requires energy harvesting technology, especially smart piezoelectric materials. This paper mainly explores the possibility of applying polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a piezoelectric energy storage material in building structures. In order to make PVDF piezoelectric energy storage materials suitable for the cement‐based materials, the cement mineral phase tetracalcium aluminate (C4AF) as filler and PVDF as matrix are used to prepare ultrafine C4AF‐PVDF composite films. The mechanical properties, crystal structure, thermal behavior, electrochemical behavior, and morphology of C4AF‐PVDF composite films are characterized. The results show that a small amount of C4AF can be uniformly dispersed in the PVDF matrix and fill the pores, which not only maintains the good toughness of the PVDF film but also promotes the nucleation and crystallization of the film. Meanwhile, the conceptual model developed in this paper shows the mechanism of C4AF on PVDF film in macro and microstructures, explains, and analyzes the influence of C4AF on the PVDF film matrix from the level of nucleation and crystallization. This paper can provide reference value for the application of cement‐based mineral phase materials combined with PVDF in the field of intelligent buildings for piezoelectric energy harvesting.
Preparation and Properties of Fluorine‐Free and Organo‐Soluble Polyesterimides and the Films With Good Optical Transparency and Thermal Stability
Authors: Ren Xi , Li Duanyi , He Zhibin , Wang Ruixuan , Yang Changxu , Han Shujun , Yu Haifeng , Liu Jingang 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFluorine‐free, fully aromatic polyimide (PI) films, characterized by the excellent optical transparency and high‐temperature endurance, have been successfully synthesized through either homopolymerization or copolymerization of an ester‐containing diamine, 2‐(4‐aminobenzoate)‐5‐aminobiphenyl (ABABP) and two distinct dianhydrides: 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]propane dianhydride (BPADA) and 9,9‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]fluorene dianhydride (BPFPA). Owing to the good solubility of the developed PI‐I to PI‐V resins in polar aprotic solvents, particularly in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), the synthesis process was performed through a two‐stage chemical imidization technique. The polymer solutions of PI‐I to PI‐V in DMAc were fabricated into films that showed exceptional optical clarity, featured with the ultraviolet cutoff wavelength (λ) below 375 nm, the light transmission at 450 nm (T450) surpassed 80%, the b* values (CIE indices) below 4.5, and the turbidity percentage (haze values) under 0.5%. Despite the fact that a higher molar concentration of BPFPA components in the dianhydride segments led to a decline in the optical characteristics of the films, the thermal resistance was concurrently enhanced. The resulting copolymerized PI films exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) over 264.9°C, along with the coefficients of linear thermal expansion (CTE) values of 56.7 ~ 65.9 ppm/K in temperature range of 50 ~ 200°C.
Genomic Insights Into a Strong Biofilm‐Forming Enterococcus faecalis MTR_EFS01 Strain Isolated From a Shrimp in Bangladesh
Authors: Ullah Md. Ashek , Islam Md. Saiful , Rana Md. Liton , Hassan Jayedul , Rahman Md. Tanvir 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalis is known for its ability to form strong biofilms and its role as an opportunistic pathogen. In this study, we screened and characterized a multidrug‐resistant (MDR) and strong biofilm‐forming E. faecalis isolate obtained from a shrimp sample to determine its genetic diversity, molecular epidemiology, and underlying factors associated with antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs). The E. faecalis MTR_EFS01 strain was isolated using culturing, staining, and biochemical tests and MALDI‐TOF methods. The MDR profile of the strain was determined through the disk diffusion test. The complete genomic sequence of E. faecalis MTR_EFS01 was obtained using the Illumina NextSeq2000 platform. The de novo assembly of the E. faecalis MTR_EFS01 genome revealed a total length of 2,862,301 bp with 80.0 × coverage. This genome comprised 38 contigs, a G + C content of 37.4%, and identified two CRISPR arrays, seven prophages, and 55 RNA genes. The E. faecalis MTR_EFS01 strain was classified as ST862 with a high pathogenicity index of 0.896. The strain harbored eight ARGs conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and MDR efflux pumps. Furthermore, 27 VFGs were identified in this strain, linked to antiphagocytosis, adherence, biofilm formation, enzymes, and immune invasion. Metabolic functional analysis revealed that our strain had 243 subsystems, with the most abundant genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acids and derivatives, and protein metabolism. The findings in this study underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, research, and collaborative efforts to address the growing threat of MDR and biofilm‐forming pathogens in diverse settings.
Graphene Oxide‐Assisted Tapered Microfiber Super‐Sensor for Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens
Authors: Liu Ren , Song Tianhuan , Chen Xiaolin , Yu Zhiheng , Yang Cunliang , Zhang Xianchao , Huang Fengli , Jia Hao , Feng Jijun , Wang Yujiong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is one of the most widespread infectious diseases, with nearly 2 billion people infected globally. We present an innovative approach for the real‐time detection of TB antigens Mpt64 and Ag85B using DNA aptamers in combination with a graphene oxide (GO)‐assisted optical microfiber super‐sensor. The high surface‐to‐volume ratio and superior properties of the GO layer significantly enhance the microfiber's fixation capabilities. To validate the clinical applicability of this sensing method, we employed the optical sensor to successfully detect Mpt64 and Ag85B in serum samples within 10 s, achieving limits of detection of 4.23 × 10⁻²⁰ M and 3.11 × 10⁻¹⁹ M, respectively. Due to the high conservation of Mpt64 and Ag85B in human and bovine MTB strains, our detection system can be used to identify MTB in both humans and bovine. These results demonstrate the sensor's high sensitivity for quantifying MTB particles, enabling rapid identification of infected individuals or bovine. Overall, the optical microfiber sensor system offers a promising platform for diagnosing MTB due to its straightforward detection scheme and potential for miniaturization.
A Dive Into Yeast's Sugar Diet—Comparing the Metabolic Response of Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, and Maltose Under Dynamic Feast/Famine Conditions
Authors: Verhagen Koen Johannes Anthonius , Pardijs Ilse Henrike , van Klaveren Hendrik Matthijs , Wahl Sebastian Aljoscha 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobes experience dynamic conditions in natural habitats as well as in engineered environments, such as large‐scale bioreactors, which exhibit increased mixing times and inhomogeneities. While single perturbations have been studied for several organisms and substrates, the impact of recurring short‐term perturbations remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to repetitive gradients of four different sugars: glucose, fructose, sucrose, and maltose. Due to different transport mechanisms and metabolic routes, nonglucose sugars lead to varied intracellular responses. To characterize the impact of the carbon sources and the dynamic substrate gradients, we applied both steady‐state and dynamic cultivation conditions, comparing the physiology, intracellular metabolome, and proteome. For maltose, the repeated concentration gradients led to a significant decrease in biomass yield. Under glucose, fructose, and sucrose conditions, S. cerevisiae maintained the biomass yield observed under steady‐state conditions. Although the physiology was very similar across the different sugars, the intracellular metabolome and proteome were clearly differentiated. Notably, the concentration of upper glycolytic enzymes decreased for glucose and maltose (up to −60% and −40%, respectively), while an increase was observed for sucrose and fructose when exposed to gradients. Nevertheless, for all sugar gradient conditions, a stable energy charge was maintained, ranging between 0.78 and 0.89. This response to maltose is particularly distinct compared to previous single‐substrate pulse experiments or limitation to excess shifts, which led to maltose‐accelerated death in earlier studies. At the same time, enzymes of lower glycolysis were elevated. Interestingly, common stress‐related proteins (GO term: cellular response to oxidative stress) decreased during dynamic conditions.
A Rise in Reactive Criminal Thinking Over the Course of a 10‐Week Prison‐Based Programme Predicts Increased Criminal Propensity: Testing the Exportation Hypothesis
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe importation model holds that inmate behaviour is a function of behaviours and thought patterns offenders bring with them into prison from the community. It may also be that offenders export behaviours and thought patterns they develop or refine in prison when they return to the community.AimsThe purpose of this study was to determine whether an increase in reactive criminal thinking in prisoners predicts recidivism following release.MethodsA sample of 282 male prisoners housed in a medium security federal facility completed the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) at the beginning and end of a 10‐week therapy group and were eventually released back to the community.ResultsThe results of a Cox proportional hazards survival analysis revealed that prisoners who experienced a rise in reactive criminal thinking over the course of the 10‐week group were significantly more likely to recidivate than prisoners who did not display an increase in reactive criminal thinking, controlling for several factors, including prior arrests.ConclusionsThese results indicate that growth in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration portends poor outcomes upon release from prison. This suggests that a lack of critical thinking, potentially attributable to a rise in reactive criminal thinking during incarceration, may interfere with a person's ability to reintegrate safely and effectively into society once they are released from prison.
Commissural Alignment in SAPIEN 3 Valves: Impact on Gradient and Mortality at Follow‐Up
Authors: Unzue Leire , Antón Belén Díaz , Laderas Adrián Peláez , Polo Lorena Martín , Vázquez Jose María Castellano , Rodrigo Francisco José Rodríguez , Jimenez Francisco Javier Parra , Fernández‐Friera Leticia , Mestre Rodrigo Teijeiro , Fernández Eulogio García 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundCommissural misalignment (CMA) has demonstrated to difficult future coronary access in self‐expandable prosthesis and has been related with subclinical leaflet thrombosis and a potential increase in valve gradients and aortic regurgitation at follow‐up.AimsThe aim of our study was to assess the commissural alignment of the balloon expandable SAPIEN 3 valve (Edwards Lifesciences) and to evaluate its impact on transvalvular gradient and mortality at 5 years of follow‐up.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with SAPIEN 3 prosthesis guided with intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with a minimal follow‐up of 5 years were included. Commissural alignment between the prosthesis and the native valve was measured by TEE by two independent cardiologists using a standardized 3‐cusp view pre and post‐valve deployment. CMA was defined as a neocommissure deviation > 30° compared with native commissures. Echocardiographic gradients and clinical events were recorded during follow‐up and compared between groups.ResultsOne hundred and five patients (54% male, mean age 80.4 years) were included; 63 (40%) were classified as “aligned” (CMA < 30°) and 42 (60%) as “misaligned” (CMA > 30°). Patients with CMA > 30° presented smaller aortic annulus (23.8 vs. 20.7, p < 0.01) and received smaller valves. There was a slight increase of mean transvalvular gradient during follow‐up (9.2−10.3 mmHg, p < 0.05), without significant differences between groups. Mortality rate was 16.2% at 1 year and 49.5% at 5 years; and not related to commissural alignment.ConclusionsSignificant CMA is present in 40% of patients treated with SAPIEN 3 valves, however, we didn't find a significant association between CMA and gradient increase or mortality during long‐term follow‐up.