bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and Thermal Properties of Thin Film Poly(α‐methylstyrene) Deposited via Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Burkey D.D. , Gleason K.K. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractPlasma‐enhanced (PE) CVD from α‐methylstyrene is a dry method for synthesizing directly patternable sacrificial materials for generating pores or air dielectric layers. Films deposited at low power excitation (40 W) decompose between 65 °C and 75 °C, leave minimal residue following a 400 °C anneal for 2 h, and have spectroscopic signatures of linear poly(α‐methylstyrene) (PaMS) as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Increased plasma excitation power leads to cross‐linking and increased residue after annealing. All films also contain hydroxyl and carbonyl groups after exposure to air. Significant C–O–C inclusion occurs under continuous plasma excitation but not under pulsed‐plasma conditions.
A Kinetic Model for Step Coverage by Atomic Layer Deposition in Narrow Holes or Trenches
Authors: Gordon R.G. , Hausmann D. , Kim E. , Shepard J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractHighly conformal coatings can be deposited inside narrow features, such as holes, using complementary self‐limiting reactions of two vapors with a surface. A simple theory is developed for the conditions needed to deposit coatings with uniform thickness in narrow holes of arbitrary cross section. Two conditions are found to be necessary: 1) certain minimum amounts of vapor must be supplied, and 2) a certain minimum product of vapor pressure and its exposure time at the entrance to the hole. The theory is in good agreement with data from the reaction of hafnium dimethylamide vapor and water vapor to form hafnium dioxide films that are completely conformal in holes with an aspect ratio of 43. The theory provides simple scaling laws to predict the conditions needed to coat holes with other aspect ratios.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of TixSi1–xO2 Films: Precursor Chemistry Impacts Films Composition
Authors: Smith R.C. , Hoilien N. , Dykstra C. , Campbell S.A. , Roberts J.T. , Gladfelter W.L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThin films of composition TixSi1–xO2 were grown by low‐pressure (LP) CVD on silicon (100) substrates using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), [Si(OC2H5)4], and either titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), [Ti(O‐iPr)4], or anhydrous titanium tetranitrate (TN), [Ti(NO3)4], as the sources of SiO2 and TiO2, respectively. The substrate temperature was varied between 300 °C and 535 °C, and the individual precursor delivery rates ranged from 5 sccm to 100 sccm. Under these conditions, growth rates ranging from 0.6 nm min–1 to 90.0 nm min–1 were observed. As‐deposited films were amorphous to X‐rays, and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed no compositional inhomogeneity. Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectrometry revealed that the relative concentration of TiO2 and SiO2 was dependent upon the choice of TiO2 precursor. Possible multi‐precursor deposition scenarios are presented and discussed in relation to the observed variation of film stoichiometry. For the TTIP–TEOS pair, the systematic variation of Ti content with deposition conditions could be accounted for by a growth scenario that limits SiO2 growth to TiO2 sites within the composite film. For the case of TN–TEOS the Ti content remained close to 50 % for all conditions studied. A specific chemical reaction between TN and TEOS prior to film deposition accounts for the observed composition.
The Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Lanthanum Nickelate Electrodes for Use in Ferroelectric Devices
Authors: Lane P.A. , Crosbie M.J. , Wright P.J. , Donohue P.P. , Hirst P.J. , Reeves C.L. , Anthony C.J. , Jones J.C. , Todd M.A. , Williams D.J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractLanthanum nickelate layers have been deposited onto 100 mm diameter silicon/silicon dioxide and (0001) sapphire substrates by liquid‐delivery metal–organic (MO) CVD using the precursors La(thd)3 and Ni(thd)2 (thd = 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and heptane. The LaNiO3 (LNO) was deposited at 630 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere, and the as‐grown layers were highly crystalline and highly (110)‐oriented on Si/SiO2. Electrical resistivity studies were performed and showed a dependence on the La/Ni ratio, the substrate used, and the post‐deposition annealing conditions. A minimum electrical resistivity value of 300 μΩ cm was measured for LNO deposited on (0001) sapphire and rapidly annealed at 750 °C. The resistivity values of the LNO layers deposited onto silicon/silicon dioxide were higher, with a minimum value of 1 mΩ cm. The rapid annealing at 750 °C resulted in cracking of some of the LNO layers deposited onto the silicon substrates. However, the layers that were nickel‐rich withstood the annealing treatment better and showed little evidence of cracking.
Deposition of Compositionally Graded Mullite/Alumina Coatings from Mixtures of SiCl4, AlCl3, CO2 and H2
Authors: Nitodas S.F. , Sotirchos S.V. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractUsing CVD, compositionally graded coatings of mullite (3 Al2O3·2 SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) were deposited on Si‐coated substrates from mixtures of silicon tetrachloride, aluminum trichloride, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The coatings were compositionally graded, with the Al/Si ratio increasing towards the outer layer of the coatings. The preparation of the coatings was carried out in a vertical, hot‐wall CVD reactor. The results of previous experimental studies on the deposition of aluminosilicate species have been used to identify operating conditions where deposition of coatings with alumina content equal to, or greater than, that corresponding to stoichiometric mullite was possible. The scheme for the preparation of the graded mullite/alumina coatings was based on utilizing the positive effect of decreasing the residence time of the reactive mixture in the reactor, and of increasing the Al/Si ratio in the feed on the incorporation of Al2O3 in the deposit.
Comparison of reagents for shape analysis of fixed cells by automated fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Elliott John T. , Tona Alessandro , Plant Anne L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundCell size and shape have been implicated as potentiators of intracellular signaling events and as indicators of abnormal cell behavior. Automated microscopy and image analysis can provide quantitative information about the size and shape of cultured cells, but it requires that the edge of a cell be clearly identified. Generating adequate contrast at the edge of thin well‐spread cells can be challenging.MethodsWe compared six (five chemically reactive and one lipophilic) fluorescent molecules—5‐chloromethyl fluorescein diacetate (CMFDA, CellTracker green), fluorescein‐5‐maleimide, fluorescein‐5‐isothiocyanate (FITC), 5‐iodoacetamidofluorescein, 5(6)‐carboxy fluorescein‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl ester, and N‐fluorescein‐1,2‐dihexadecanoyl‐sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphoethanolamine—for their effectiveness as stains for automated morphology analysis of fixed cells.ResultsFormaldehyde‐fixed rat aortic smooth muscle cells stained with fluorescein‐5‐maleimide or FITC exhibited an average intensity that was at least twofold greater than cells stained with CMFDA even when subjected to a 25‐fold shorter exposure time. Cell area determined with the higher intensity stains was less sensitive to threshold settings during automated cell morphology analysis.ConclusionA procedure that includes the use of fluorescein‐5‐maleimide or FITC for staining fixed cell provides sensitivity sufficient to permit rapid, automated, morphologic analysis of well‐spread fixed cells. Cytometry Part A 52A:90–100, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukocyte apoptosis in whole blood involves platelet‐dependent coaggregation
Authors: Hartz S. , Menart B. , Tschoepe D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundActivated leukocytes and platelet–leukocyte interaction are involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic and inflammatory events. Because apoptosis is a prerequisite for the successful resolution of an inflammatory response, we investigated the amount of apoptotic peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in whole blood and their possible functional relation with the platelet–leukocyte interaction by a flow cytometric assay using APO 2.7 antibody for the detection of apoptosisMethodsThirty healthy subjects volunteered for the study. PBL apoptosis in seven volunteers was induced by phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate or while standing at rest.ResultsApoptosis was observed in all types of leukocytes (0.7% neutrophils, 1.5% monocytes, and 0.3% lymphocytes). Apoptosis was found predominantly in platelet and leukocyte coaggregates (<1% of nonaggregated leukocytes vs. 9% of platelet and leukocyte coaggregates). This phenomenon was even more pronounced after induction of leukocyte apoptosis in vitro (66% of platelet and leukocyte coaggregates).ConclusionsApoptosis and platelet–leukocyte interaction seemed to be closely related phenomena, and apoptotic leukocytes seemed to trigger adhesion and, hence, activation of platelets. Because platelet–leukocyte interaction is involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events, apoptotic leukocytes may constitute an additional prothrombotic trigger. Cytometry Part A 52A:117–121, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronology of cellular alterations during 7‐ketocholesterol–induced cell death on A7R5 rat smooth muscle cells: Analysis by time lapse‐video microscopy and conventional fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Zahm Jean‐Marie , Baconnais Sonia , Monier Serge , Bonnet Noël , Bessède Ginette , Gambert Philippe , Puchelle Edith , Lizard Gérard 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundTime‐lapse video microscopy was used to determine whether mitochondrial and nuclear changes (decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, condensation, and/or fragmentation of the nuclei, morphologic features typical of apoptosis) occurring during 7‐ketocholesterol–induced cell death on A7R5 rat smooth muscle cells took place before or after the loss of cell adhesion. In addition, changes in actin organization were followed by conventional fluorescence microscopy.MethodsMorphologic, functional, and spatial changes at the mitochondrial level were investigated with 3,3′‐dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide and/or MitoTracker Red, and nuclear morphology was characterized by staining with Hoechst 33342. Actin fibers, which are major components of the filament network of the cytoskeleton, were visualized with phalloidin linked to fluorescein. The numbers of adherent and nonadherent cells were determined by cell counting.Results7‐Ketocholesterol–induced cell death was associated with a rapid alteration of actin fibers, a loss of intercellular junctions, and cell shape modifications. Analysis of mitochondrial transmembrane potential showed successively a hyperpolarization and a more or less pronounced progressive decrease followed by a dramatic drop associated with an increase in Hoechst 33342 staining, reflecting chromatin condensation and morphologic changes in the nuclei.ConclusionsDuring cell death induced by 7‐ketocholesterol in A7R5 rat smooth muscle cells, the different methods of microscopy allowed us to establish that alterations of actin fibers and mitochondrial dysfunctions occurred before condensation and/or fragmentation of the nuclei, which preceded the loss of cell adhesion. Cytometry Part A 52A:57–69, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA content, chromatin texture and nuclear morphology in benzo[a]pyrene‐transformed human breast epithelial cells after microcell‐mediated transfer of chromosomes 11 and 17
Authors: Mello Maria Luiza S. , de Campos Vidal Benedicto , Lareef Mohamed H. , Hu Yun F. , Yang Xiaoqi , Russo Jose 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundA relation between the changes in DNA content and chromatin supra‐organization and the expression of gradual steps of tumorigenesis has been assessed by image analysis in human breast epithelial cells (MCF‐10F) treated with benzo[a]pyrene (BP) (cell lines BP1, BP1‐E, BP1‐Tras, and others).MethodsBecause abnormal chromosomes 11 and 17 have been associated with neoplastic progression in BP‐transformed MCF‐10F cells, image analysis of Feulgen‐stained tumorigenic BP1‐E cells with the microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer of normal chromosomes 11 and 17 was carried out.ResultsA tendency of DNA amount distribution and nuclear size restoration to values typical of non‐transformed MCF‐10F cells was demonstrated, especially after the transfer of chromosome 17. No reversion in chromatin texture was found after the transfer of chromosome 11 or 17.ConclusionsAlthough the presence of a normal chromosome 17 should be considered among the necessary steps for tumorigenic human breast epithelial cells to recover their normality, a more complex genome balance is required for the entire nuclear chromatin of these cells to recover its totally normal supra‐organization and expression. Cytometry Part A 52A:70–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, Rituxan, on cynomolgus monkey and human B cells in a whole blood matrix
Authors: Vugmeyster Yulia , Howell Kathy , Bakshl Anahid , Flores Clarissa , Canova‐Davis Eleanor 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundCynomolgus monkeys are widely used animal models in biomedical research. The differences between cynomolgus monkey and human B cells are not completely understood. However, these differences are of crucial importance for interpretation of data from studies on new therapeutic agents aimed at B‐cell depletion, such as anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies.MethodsMulticolor fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis of peripheral blood B cells was performed on samples treated ex vivo with the anti‐CD20 therapeutic monoclonal antibody, Rituxan, in a whole blood matrix.ResultsIn contrast to humans, cynomolgus monkeys had two distinct B‐cell subsets, CD20highCD40lowCD21− and CD20lowCD40highCD21+. These B‐cell subsets had a 2.5‐fold difference in the EC50 for Rituxan binding and differed significantly in their in vitro susceptibility to Rituxan depletion. Human B cells were similar to the CD20lowCD40highCD21+ cynomolgus monkey B cells with regard to their EC50 for Rituxan and response to Rituxan in a whole blood matrix assay. CD21 was upregulated, whereas CD40 was downregulated at incubation with Rituxan in the CD20lowCD40highCD21+ monkey and human B cells in a concentration‐dependent manner.ConclusionsThese findings have direct implications for in vivo studies of therapeutic agents that target B cells in cynomolgus monkeys and for extrapolation of the results to humans. In addition, our data are consistent with the model in which CD20, CD21, and CD40 exist in a supramolecular complex that is affected by anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Cytometry Part A 52A:101–109, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measuring containment of viable infectious cell sorting in high‐velocity cell sorters
Authors: Perfetto Stephen P. , Ambrozak David R. , Koup Richard A. , Roederer Mario 
Published: March 2003

AbstractBackgroundWith the advent of high‐speed sorters, aerosols are a considerable safety concern when sorting viable infectious materials. We describe a four‐part safety procedure for validating the containment.MethodsThis procedure includes aerosol containment, physical barriers, environmental controls, and personal protection. The Aerosol Management System (AMS) produces a negative pressure within the sort chamber, where aerosols are forced through a HEPA filter. Physical barriers include the manufacturer's standard plastic shield and panels. The flow cytometer was contained within a BSL‐3 laboratory for maximum environmental control, and the operator was protected by a respiratory system. Containment was measured by using highly fluorescent Glo‐Germ particles under the same conditions as the cell sort.ResultsEscaping aerosols were vacuumed for 10 min onto a glass slide and examined. With the AMS active and the cytometer producing the maximum aerosols possible, Glo‐Germ particles remained within the sort chamber. Measurements taken directly outside the door averaged fewer than one particle per slide, and those taken at 2 ft away and on top of the sorter were completely negative.ConclusionsWith this monitoring system in place, aerosols can be efficiently measured, thus reducing the risk to the operator while sorting viable infectious cells. Cytometry Part A 52A:122–130, 2003. Published 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anxiolytic effects of acute tryptophan depletion in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Kaye Walter H. , Barbarich Nicole C. , Putnam Karen , Gendall Kelly A. , Fernstrom John , Fernstrom Madelyn , McConaha Claire W. , Kishore Anita 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveRecent studies have raised the question as to whether a dysregulation of the neurotransmitter serotonin may contribute to the alterations in mood seen in anorexia nervosa (AN). People with AN tend to be anxious, obsessional, perfectionistic, and harm avoidant. These traits are premorbid and persist after recovery. It has been suggested that increased activity of brain serotonin systems could contribute to this pathologic condition. Dieting in AN, which serves to reduce plasma levels of tryptophan (TRP), may serve to reduce symptoms of dysphoric mood.MethodFourteen women currently symptomatic with AN (ILL AN), 14 women recovered from AN (REC AN), and 15 healthy control women (CW) underwent acute tryptophan depletion (ATD). Measures of psychological state were self‐assessed at baseline and hourly after ATD to determine whether ATD would reduce negative mood.ResultsILL AN and REC AN had significantly higher mean baseline TRP/LNAA (tryptophan/large neutral amino acids) ratios compared with CW. In contrast to placebo, the ATD challenge demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in the TRP/LNAA ratio for ILL AN (−95%) and REC AN (−84%) compared with CW (−70 %). Both the ILL AN and REC AN had a significant reduction in anxiety on the ATD day compared with the placebo day.DiscussionThese data demonstrate that a dietary‐induced reduction of TRP, the precursor of serotonin, is associated with decreased anxiety in people with AN. Restricting dietary intake may represent a mechanism through which individuals with AN modulate a dysphoric mood. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 257–267, 2003.
Comparison of group and individual cognitive‐behavioral therapy for patients with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Chen Eunice , Touyz Stephen W. , Beumont Pierre J.V. , Fairburn Christopher G. , Griffiths Rosalyn , Butow Phyllis , Russell Janice , Schotte David E. , Gertler Robert , Basten Christopher 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThe clinical effectiveness of group and individual cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimia nervosa (BN) was compared.MethodSixty BN patients from hospitals and general practitioners in Sydney, Australia, were allocated randomly to group or individual CBT. Forty‐four completed treatment (n = 22 in group CBT and n = 22 in individual CBT). Patients were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at 3 and 6 months follow‐up with the Eating Disorder Examination‐12 and self‐report questionnaires examining weight and shape attitudes (Eating Disorder Inventory‐2), social adjustment (Socail Adjustment Scale‐Modified), self‐esteem (Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale), and general psychopathology (Symptom Checklist 90R).ResultsThe effects of group and individual CBT were equivalent on most measures. However, a significantly greater proportion of individual CBT patients than group CBT patients were abstinent from bulimic behaviors at posttreatment, but not at follow‐up.DiscussionThis has implications for the delivery of cost‐effective and clinically effective treatment for BN. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 241–254, 2003.
The nature of body image disturbance in patients with binge eating disorder
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the distinction between body dissatisfaction and self‐evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight, and their longitudinal relationships to depressive symptomatology and self‐esteem in patients with binge eating disorder (BED).MethodNinety‐seven patients with BED completed measures tapping these constructs at baseline and again 4 weeks later.ResultsChange in body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with both change in depressive symptomatology and change in self‐esteem over time, whereas change in self‐evaluation was significantly correlated only with change in self‐esteem. In addition, change in shape concern, but not change in weight concern, was significantly correlated with change in self‐esteem only.DiscussionThese findings suggest that self‐evaluation unduly influenced by body shape is a more useful indicator for BED than body dissatisfaction or self‐evaluation unduly influenced by weight. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 333–341, 2003.
Genetic and environmental contributions to obesity and binge eating
Authors: Bulik Cynthia M. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating is present in a substantial proportion of obese individuals. A tendency toward obesity has been identified as a risk factor for eating disorders such as bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The purpose of this article was to determine the extent of overlap between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the liability to obesity and binge eating.Research MethodIn a population‐based sample of 2163 female twins, we conducted bivariate twin modeling to explore the relation between the genetic and environmental risk factors for obesity and binge eating.ResultsBivariate twin modeling revealed substantial heritability for obesity (0.86: 95% CI, 0.77–0.94), moderate heritability for binge eating (0.49: 95% CI, 0.38–0.61), and a modest genetic correlation of +.34 (95% CI, 0.19–0.50) between the two traits.ConclusionsBoth binge eating and obesity are heritable conditions, and there seems to be only modest overlap in the genetic risk factors that increase liability to each condition. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 293–298, 2003.
A longitudinal examination of patterns in girls' weight concerns and body dissatisfaction from ages 5 to 9 years
Authors: Davison Kirsten Krahnstoever , Markey Charlotte N. , Birch Leann L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the development of girls' weight concerns and body dissatisfaction from ages 5 to 9 years and how change and continuity in these constructs from age 5 to 7 years is associated with girls' eating attitudes, dietary restraint, and dieting status at age 9.MethodsWeight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status were assessed for 182 girls when they were 5, 7, and 9 years old, and their eating attitudes, dietary restraint, and dieting status were assessed when they were 9.ResultsGirls tended to maintain their rank in weight concerns and body dissatisfaction across ages 5 to 9 years, and associations among girls' weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status increased with age. In addition, positive associations were found between changes in girls' weight concerns, body dissatisfaction, and weight status across ages 7 to 9. Finally, girls' who reported high weight concerns or high body dissatisfaction across ages 5 to 7 reported higher dietary restraint, more maladaptive eating attitudes, and a greater likelihood of dieting at age 9, independent of their weight status.ConclusionGirls' reported weight concerns and body dissatisfaction across middle childhood showed consistency over time, were systematically related to their weight status, and predicted their dietary restraint, eating attitudes, and the likelihood of dieting at age 9. These results reflect patterns identified among adolescent girls and women. © 2003 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 33: 320–332, 2003.