bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nizhny Novgorod City Widows’ Home at End of 19th — Early 20th Century: Activities in Education and Healthcare
Authors: Tikhovodova A. V. 
Published: October 2023

This article examines the activities of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home named after Blinovy and Bugrovy at the end of the 19th — early 20th century. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing entrepreneurial activity and private initiative in the field of charity in modern Russia, the emergence of numerous charitable organizations and foundations, and the need to familiarize oneself with historical experience. An overview of various directions of activity of the Nizhny Novgorod City Public Widows’ Home is provided, based on its charter and reports. The educational activities of primary and vocational schools opened at the Widows’ Home are examined, along with the quantitative, social, and age composition of students, as well as the sources of material assistance provided to them. The article extensively covers the allocation of funds for education, sources and forms of donations. The medical services provided to the residents are characterized, including the number of visits by paramedics and doctors, types of diseases, levels, and causes of child and adult mortality. The article highlights the universality of the institution’s work, which combines various areas of activity within its framework. The author concludes that the second half of the 19th — early 20th century was a period of private initiative in social security with significant support from local self-government bodies.
Legislation on German Colonies Near St. Petersburg in 18th — Early 19th Centuries (Complete Collection of Laws of Russian Empire)
Authors: Cherkasyanova I. V. 
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of laws about German colonies near St. Petersburg, published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire. The documents from 1763 to 1803 are studied. The relevance of the work is determined by the state of historiography on Russian Germans in the Northwest. A review and analysis of the texts of laws are carried out, historical information contained in the texts is analyzed, missing documents that were used in practice are identified. The names of officials mentioned in the laws are revealed. It is stated that the corpus of laws for research is divided into acts related to all foreign colonists in Russia and acts regulating the life of St. Petersburg colonies. It is noted that laws related to suburban colonies are divided into two groups: documents of “northern” colonies founded in the 18th century and “coastal” colonies that emerged in the first decade of the 19th century. Laws about “northern” colonies are considered, which relate to the admission and placement of colonists, their internal structure, economic development, size of land grants, state debt, and its repayment. It is established that from the end of the 18th century, the topic of colonists leaving for the city and forming a layer of craftsmen and merchants from among them arises. German colonies; St. Petersburg colonists; legislation; Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire; St. Petersburg; Tsarskoe Selo; Oranienbaum; patrimonial and state lands.
Semiotics of Vaccination Adver-tising in Media Discourse
Authors: Donskova Yu. V. , Kurilova A. D. , Makhno O. A. 
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to analyze the verbal and visual means in advertising COVID-19 vaccination. The task is to examine the peculiarities of semiotics in vaccination advertising based on campaigns from different countries around the world, identify successful advertising strategies, and discover the reasons for communicative failures. The study analyzes the techniques of combining visual and verbal narratives in creolized advertising texts. It emphasizes that it is the visual narrative that appeals to the subconscious, which often contributes to the recipient’s necessary post-communicative action. The article examines the tactics of argumentation used in vaccination advertising (including appeals to authority, values such as health, love, freedom, etc.), studies the semiotics of the visual elements involved in argumentation. The article also analyzes the semiotics of color signals in advertising discourse, revealing their influence on the recipient’s subconscious. Examples of using semantic signs taken from other semantic domains, such as election campaigns and road sign systems, are separately considered in vaccination campaigns. The creativity of these techniques is noted, but the danger of visual disconnect with slogans and communicative failure is also indicated. The conclusion is drawn that advertising appealing to positive feelings of social responsibility, comfort, and well-being is more effective than advertising using threat-based argumentation.
Processes of Lexical Archaiza-tion and Neologization in Modern Yakut Language
Authors: Skryabina A. A. 
Published: October 2023

The process of redistribution between the active and passive vocabulary of modern Yakut language is being examined. The reasons for the archaization of vocabulary are identified, outdated words are classified by type and lexical-semantic groups, and a layer of lexical innovations is also identified. The material for the study consisted of lexical units from literary works, periodicals, and Yakut language dictionaries. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive examination and classification of layers of outdated vocabulary, neologisms, and de-archaized Yakut language vocabulary. The distribution of Yakut language archaisms into 14 lexical-semantic groups has been carried out. It has been proven that neologisms arise in the Yakut language through changes in the meaning of existing words, through the infusion of other language stocks, and through the activation of derivation processes based on their own means. It has been revealed that the process of de-archaization in the Yakut language is associated with the revival of traditional foundations of material and spiritual culture of the Yakuts. The results of the study confirm the systemic nature of changes in the lexical composition of the language, as well as their interrelation between phenomena of archaization, de-archaization, and neologization.
Evaluation of a Patient Education Game Design Activity
Authors: Porter Andrea , Kim Olivia , Abraham Olufunmilola 
Published: October 2023

Background: Game-based learning has been used in pharmacy education settings with the instructor developing a game for students to play to enhance learning. However, there is a paucity of data about health sciences students designing a game themselves to further their understanding of a complex topic. The purpose of this study was to describe and assess a game design activity focused on patient education of anticoagulants in a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory setting.
Innovation: Second-year pharmacy students enrolled in a pharmacotherapy skills laboratory course worked in teams in a one-hour active learning activity to design a game intended to educate patients about their medication. A pre/post analysis of student attitudes about game-based learning and the activity, as well as knowledge, was conducted.
Findings: The large majority of students (80.5%) agreed that the activity was an effective way to develop patient education strategies. Through the survey and free-response questions, students reported that the game design activity facilitated positive group collaboration and allowed students to take the perspective of their patients. Students also requested additional time to complete the activity. Knowledge assessment scores of key patient education points increased from 66.5% prior to the activity to 71.5% one week following the activity (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The game design activity served as a novel teaching method for pharmacy students to actively learn about anticoagulant medications while developing an innovative patient education strategy. Although there was an increase in knowledge scores, students highlighted the impact on group collaboration and taking the perspective of their patients.
Qualitative Assessment of a Human Trafficking Module Intervention in Pharmacy Education
Authors: Palombi Laura , Kosobuski Lucas , Lee Jungeun , Westberg Sarah , Chen Nathan , Le Sherry , Van Loon Amy 
Published: October 2023

Description of the Problem: Human trafficking is a critical public health threat in the United States, yet education on human trafficking for pharmacy students has not been evaluated despite pharmacists being the most accessible health care professionals.
Description of the Innovation: To evaluate the most valuable aspects of an introductory module on human trafficking, pharmacy students participated in a human trafficking module, and their perception of human trafficking was evaluated after the module. Content on human trafficking was delivered through an asynchronous online presentation followed by a synchronous Zoom class discussion. Fifty-three third-year pharmacy students from the Women’s Health elective in the fall semester of 2020 at the University of Minnesota - College of Pharmacy were included. Consensual Qualitative Research methodology was used for qualitative data analysis.
Critical Analysis: Students’ perceptions of the value of this learning module was evaluated through consensual qualitative research. The findings suggest the module held significant value for students to better understand human trafficking and the role of pharmacists.
Implications: A hybrid model on human trafficking involving discussions, case examples, and questions posed by students was found to have a positive impact on their knowledge on human trafficking. The results of this study will provide direction for future modules, classes, or adaptations to the curriculum on human trafficking for pharmacy students and may prove beneficial for other health care professionals.
Impact of an interdisciplinary patient care model and routine screening on clinical outcomes in patients with hepatitis C
Authors: Lam Vincent , Dimaculangan Christine 
Published: October 2023

Testing for hepatitis C in hospital emergency departments (ED) and linkage to care to clinics have been reported to provide the most opportunity for screening patients and facilitating continuum of care. Treatment model initiatives have expanded to include telehealth services and open treatment capacity to non-physician providers, such as pharmacists. This study’s objective is to assess the impact of implementing automated routine screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and a clinical pharmacist into the interdisciplinary care model on HCV diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

This retrospective cohort study compared outcomes in a pre-intervention and post-intervention group. Patients were screened and diagnosed with HCV at Jersey City Medical Center (JCMC) and completed linkage to care at JCMC Center for Comprehensive Care. Interventions were the implementation of automated routine HCV screening in the ED and addition of a clinical pharmacist to the interdisciplinary patient care model. Primary Endpoints analyzed the number of patients who have achieved sustained virologic response after 12 weeks of treatment (SVR12) and patients who have completed treatment with no reported record of SVR12. Secondary Endpoints analyzed the number of patients lost to follow-up, appointment type, time spent in appointments, and clinical pharmacist specialist interventions. Data was collected as categorical variables and chi-squared tests assessed if there were differences between the two samples.

Data was collected from 46 patients in the pre-intervention group and 37 patients in the post-intervention group. Patients consisted of mostly males. Ages ranged from 27 to 83 years old. Race and ethnicities included Black, White, Asian, and Other.

This study’s results show the positive impact on implementation of routine screening, telehealth services, and an interdisciplinary team approach to HCV diagnosis and management. Given the timeframe, it also shows the potential positive impact on these interventions during a global pandemic.
Community Health Center 340B Program: A Qualitative Study of the Experiences of Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Wagner Ariela , Whitner Jangus , Williams Ariel , Hirt Kristina , Miracle Tessa , Valentino Alexa 
Published: October 2023

Background: The 340B Drug Pricing Program provides discounted drug prices to safety-net entities which help stretch scarce resources to expand comprehensive services and treat more vulnerable patients. The program has received criticism questioning whether the original intentions are being accomplished.
Objective: This qualitative study aimed to understand lived experiences of patients accessing high-cost injectable diabetes medication(s) through a 340B Prescription Cash Discount Program (PCDP) provided at a community health center.
Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi-structured individual interviews. We invited patients ≥18 years old with diabetes for >1 year who utilized the 340B PCDP to fill an injectable diabetes medication at least twice between 3/1/2020-3/1/2021 to participate. Trained personnel interviewed ten participants in 11/2021-2/2022 and completed thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews.
Results: Themes included 340B feedback, benefits of 340B, consequences of being without 340B, community pharmacy experience, and use of other services. Participants deemed the 340B program as a “lifesaver.” Perceived benefits of the program included improved diabetes control and savings that made their prescriptions more affordable. Consequences of being without the program include that medication was too expensive to take as prescribed and rationing/skipping doses. Participants were pleased with the accessibility of the network of contract pharmacies and described benefiting from services supported by 340B savings.
Conclusions: Recent criticisms question whether the 340B program accomplishes its original intentions of stretching scarce federal resources to help safety-net entities expand services and treat more patients. This study provides insight into the personal impact of the 340B program on underserved patients with chronic disease accessing high-cost medication(s). Findings highlight crucial strengths of the program from the patient perspective, which policymakers and other stakeholders should consider to provide support for the continuation of these services.
Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Bullying among Pharmacy Practice Faculty in the United States
Authors: Klein Kristin , Dittmar Emma , Vordenberg Sarah 
Published: October 2023

Objective: To identify the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying among pharmacy practice faculty in the United States.
Methods: Members of the Pharmacy Practice section of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy were invited to complete an online survey about the frequency with which they experienced negative workplace behaviors in the communication, humiliation, manipulation, discrimination, and violence domains as well as workplace bullying in the previous 12 months. Independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to investigate associations between workplace bullying and pharmacy practice faculty demographic and employment characteristics.
Results: Participants (n=256) reported a median of 6 negative behaviors in the workplace, most often in the communication and humiliation domains. A total of 50 (19.5%) reported experiencing workplace bullying. The most common impacts of workplace bullying included increasing their stress level (n=44/49, 89.8%), negative effects on their emotional health (n=42/49, 85.7%), and job dissatisfaction (n=40/49, 81.6%). Female participants more frequently reported workplace bullying (n=43/196, 21.9%) compared to male participants (n=4/56, 7.1%; p=0.012). Individuals who identified as white were less likely to report workplace bullying (n=40/233, 17.2%) compared to individuals of all other races (n=8/19, 42.1%; p=0.008).
Conclusion: Most pharmacy practice faculty reported experiencing some degree of negative workplace behaviors during the past 12 months. Additional strategies are needed to create inclusive work environments with transparent, actionable policies when workplace bullying occurs.

Treatment of human subjects: IRB exemption granted
Uptake and Utilization of the COVID-19 Alert App within a University Community in New York
Authors: Park Taehwan , Awah Deion , Doshi Nancy , Castor Chimene , Ravenell Joseph , Gousse Yolene 
Published: October 2023

The rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic elicited a swift response to control the virus ubiquitous within the United States. Expanded telehealth and health informatics became critical components of the pandemic response. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization of the COVID-19 New York (NY) Alert App and identify the perceived benefits and limitations of the App. A cross-sectional design was employed to collect data by using questionnaires with closed-ended questions. The survey was developed and administered during March through April 2021. The study found that the highest rated benefit from using the COVID-19 NY Alert App was receiving alerts about being in close proximity to individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Results showed that ineffective (insufficient and inappropriate) usage was the highest rated potential challenge for using the App. Study subjects were likely to download this Alert App when they perceived more benefits and less barriers to using the App. Findings from this study can help improve utilization of the App and inform development of similar tele-education tools. The study illuminated considerations for health information applications in scaling-up traditional COVID-19 tracing efforts and may facilitate the design of similar emergency preparedness health technology.
Cost-Effectiveness of a Hypothetical Gene Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease: A Markov Simulation Analysis
Authors: Kieu Thuy Chinh , Look Kevin 
Published: October 2023

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition causing significant health and economic burden. With limited therapeutic options, clinical trials have been investigating Alzheimer’s disease treatment using more novel approaches, including gene therapy. However, there is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of such treatments.
Objectives: This research aims to explore the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical gene therapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease at varying degrees of severity.
Methods: A Markov model with a 20-year time horizon was constructed for simulated cohorts with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, assigned to receive either standard of care or a one-time gene therapy administration. Varying costs of care due to disease severity and treatment efficacy were utilized to determine the effect of those variables at different willingness-to-pay thresholds.
Results: Under the initial assumption that the hypothetical gene therapy grants a 30% risk reduction in disease progression and entry into institutional care, the maximum cost-effective price for gene therapy is $141,126 per treatment using the threshold of $150,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). By increasing the treatment effectiveness to 50%, cost-effective price nearly doubled at each willingness-to-pay threshold (e.g., $260,902 at the $150,000/QALY threshold).
Conclusion: Despite being cost-effective at a very high price, the hypothetical gene therapy for AD would still need to be priced considerably lower than other approved gene therapies on the market. Thus, a comprehensive pharmacoeconomic assessment remains critical in pricing innovative therapy and determining coverage for patients in need.
Assessing a Medication Safety and Disposal Educational Program using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Frenzel Oliver , Steig Jayme , Hodges Alyssa 
Published: October 2023

Background: Self-medication practices continue to grow due to reclassification of prescription to OTC status and self-care information on the internet, however unintended injuries and inappropriate use of medications continue to challenge healthcare providers during the provision of patient care. Pharmacists have an integral role in pharmacovigilance and patient education activities to ensure safe medication use, storage, and disposal practices.
Objectives: The objective of this medication safety and disposal educational program was to provide comprehensive informational support to the community coupled with an assessment using the Health Belief Model (HBM) to gauge participants’ perceived behavior change.
Methods: The HBM was selected to assess the understanding of the community members' benefits and barriers to safe medication practices. The HBM posits that health behaviors are influenced by perceptions of a diseases’ severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers to health practices, perceived benefits of health practices, self-efficacy, and cues to action. An 8 item pre/post survey following the HBM constructs was developed which used a 5 point Likert scale.
Results: A total of 25 senior participants attended the educational program. Twenty-three pre/post surveys were completed (RR=92%). Five items revealed a statistically significant change from pre to post-educational content including understanding risk of herbal/OTC products (p=0.021), improved awareness of medication disposal methods (p=0.044), comprehension of OTC ‘Drug Facts’ information (p=0.004), understanding OTC label information to prevent medication interactions and side effects (p=0.008), and routinely reviewing expiration dates on medications and disposing of these properly (p=0.019).
Conclusion: This study suggests a comprehensive approach which covers a wide range of medication safety topics and disposal practices can successfully improve the knowledge and skill of community participants and potentially improve medication harm reduction practices.
Profil Metabolit Sekunder dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Fraksi Etanol Akar Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer)
Authors: Yudiane I Putu Agus , Gama Sabaniah Indjar , Ahmad Islamudin 
Published: October 2023

Kalimantan merupakan pulau terbesar kedua di Indonesia yang dikenal dengan keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat setempat. Potensi yang telah di data saat ini belum menunjukkan potensi tumbuhan obat hutan Kalimantan secara keseluruhan. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat dan memiliki bioaktivitas adalah bajakah yang dalam bahasa Dayak berarti akar. Bajakah mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari fraksi etanol akar bajakah dan untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas dari akar bajakah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi maserasi, fraksinasi kromatografi cair vakum (KCV), pencarian profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), serta identifikasi senyawa metabolit sekunder. Hasil identifikasi ekstrak metanol akar bajakah mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder antara lain alkaloid, fenol, terpenoid, flavonoid, dan saponin dengan rendemen sebesar 2,87%. Fraksi etanol positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, dan saponin dengan rendemen 43,5%. Untuk profil KLT dengan pemisahan terbaik pada kombinasi eluen Etil asetat:Metanol (1:3) dengan nilai rf 0,72 yang setelah diidentifikasi positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder fenol, dan flavanoid serta memiliki potensi aktivitas antioksidan yang ditandai dengan adanya noda berwarna kuning pada plat KLT