bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and investigation of crack evaluation in metal tube based on magnetic field analysis method
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Shu Lin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an analytical model of eddy current testing of a metal tube has been proposed to evaluate circumferential cracks from the signals of the magnetic field. First, based on Maxwell’s equations in time-harmonic form, magnetic vector potential equations for each region of space are built under two different configurations of the bobbin probe and the encircling probe respectively. Next, the magnetic vector potentials are solved by imposing conditions at the interface. Then, series expressions of the radical and axial magnetic induction intensities have been obtained. In addition, based on the proposed modeling, the influences of cracks at different locations on the surface magnetic field have been analyzed. The results have shown that the radial magnetic induction intensity increases while the axial magnetic induction intensity decreases for the internal and external cracks with the same shape and size on the surface of the metal tube. Moreover, the magnetic induction intensity has shown much more sensitive property to external cracks than it has done to internal cracks for the encircling probe. However, for the bobbin probe, the magnetic induction intensity has demonstrated almost the same sensitivity in detection for both internal and external cracks in the metal tube. The researching results have important theoretical and practical significance for understanding the physical process of eddy current testing, optimizing parameters of the experimental system and building the inversion model.
Influence of Vanadium substitution on electronic, thermoelectric and optical response of Cu2O
Authors: Malik Muhammad Kamran Tahir , Fakhr-e-Alam M , Aslam Shamim , Qureshi Muhammad Tauseef , Yunus Ghazala , Al Elaimi Mahmoud , Saleem Murtaza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cu2O semiconductor attained much research interest due to excellent electronic and optical response. In this work, Vanadium-doped Cu2O compositions were studied for electronic, thermoelectric, and optical response using density functional theory. The thin films were experimentally fabricated using the chemically derived spin coating method. The x-ray diffraction analysis revealed the growth of crystalline thin films with cubic structure having space-group 224-Pn-3m. The scanning electron micrographs exhibit the uniform grain growth with well-defined grain boundaries for pure Cu2O films. Density of states spectra display the maxima for O-2p and Cu-3d while V-3d states occupied the conduction band. The value of the experimental band gap for pure Cu2O is estimated as 2.02 eV and found to decrease with V-doping. The Seebeck coefficient and specific heat are found to increase with the increment in V-doping content due to thermal fluctuations. A steady increase is observed in real epsilon with the increase in energy and dopant concentration.
Demonstration of transient CHI startup using a floating biased electrode configuration
Authors: Kuroda K. , Raman R. , Onchi T. , Hasegawa M. , Hanada K. , Ono M. , Nelson B.A. , Rogers J. , Ikezoe R. , Idei H. , Ido T. , Nagata M. , Mitarai O. , Nishino N. , Otsuka Y. , Zhang Y. , Kono K. , Kawasaki S. , Nagata T. , Higashijima A. , Shimabukuro S. , Niiya I. , Sekiya I. , Nakamura K. , Takase Y. , Ejiri A. , Murakami S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Results from the successful solenoid-free plasma startup using the method of transient coaxial helicity injection (transient CHI) in the QUEST spherical tokamak (ST) are reported. Unlike previous applications of CHI on HIT-II and on NSTX which required two toroidal insulating breaks to the vacuum vessel, QUEST uses a first of its kind, floating single biased electrode configuration, which does not use such a vacuum break. Instead, the CHI electrode is simply insulated from the outer lower divertor plate support structure. This configuration is much more suitable for implementation in a fusion reactor than the previous configurations. Transient CHI generated toroidal currents of 135 kA were obtained. The toroidal current during the formation of a closed flux configuration was over 50 kA. These results bode well for the application of transient CHI in a new generation of compact high-field STs and tokamaks in which the space for the central solenoid is very restricted.
Determination of Hydrodynamic Coefficients of Atmospheric Diving Suit
Authors: Chen Ken , Du XinGuang , Cao Yang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Atmospheric Diving Suit (ADS) is commonly featured with complex configurations and great difficulty in accurate control. To achieve a satisfying control effect, it is necessary to establish a hydrodynamic formula for ADS. This paper employs the model test method to obtain the ADS hydrodynamic coefficients, providing the foundation for ADS hydrodynamic formula. A 1:1 scale hydrodynamic test model of ADS is designed and machined, and then the hydrodynamic test is carried out. The hydrodynamic coefficients correlated with vertical motion are obtained through a vertical towing test, revealing the hydrodynamic characteristics of the ADS.
Design of Light, Small, and High-precision Digital Servo Clock for LEO Constellation
Authors: Jiang Li , Yan Xu , Xu Wei , Zhao Hancheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Modern low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems have placed increasingly stringent requirements on spaceborne time-frequency systems in the fields of constellation autonomous management, distributed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, and navigation time service. Admittedly, the original high-stability constant-temperature crystal oscillator and high-stability temperature-compensated crystal oscillator can no longer comply with the indicator requirements of clock source frequency characteristics and clock synchronization accuracy. Likewise, traditional satellites use atomic clocks (rubidium atomic clocks and cesium atomic clocks). On account of their inherent characteristics, the ground receiving system needs to observe and count the clock parameter characteristics for a long time after the satellite enters orbit and frequently modify the future working state parameters. The features of being expensive and bulky increase the operation and maintenance costs of the ground system and the complexity of engineering implementation. In this paper, a kind of light and small high-precision digital servo clock based on the deep coupling of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is designed for the LEO satellite constellation. The tame clock is deeply coupled with the GNSS navigation receiver, and the high precision time-frequency difference between the local clock frequency source and GNSS is obtained by using the carrier and pseudo-range measurement information of visible satellite and carrier phase measurement information of the receiver. It not only utilizes the short-term high stability of OCXO but also employs the long-term time-frequency maintenance ability of GNSS so that the tamed OCXO is locked in GNSS for a long time, which can achieve frequency calibration of local clock sources and long-term output to various space-borne systems. The system is small in size and low in power consumption, with output frequency stability better than 3E-13 (10000 s), accuracy better than ±2E-13, and timing accuracy better than ±10 ns, which is comparable to the key technical indexes of spaceborne miniaturized rubidium clocks, in line with the current demand of miniaturization, low power consumption, and low cost of LEO constellations.
An Average Speed of Sound Method for Underwater Positioning Based on Time of Arrival
Authors: Zhao Rongyang , Yang Zhongqiang , Ge Songwei , Wang Mingjuan , Wang Yazhou 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article uses the distance and sound spread time of each monitoring base station in the underwater positioning system, calculates the effective sound speed of the sound wave to the base station, and proposes a TOA underwater positioning method based on the average speed. The influence of small underwater sound changes the system positioning accuracy, reducing system positioning errors. Simulation experiments show that compared with the traditional fixed sound velocity method, this method has higher positioning accuracy and lower error. The positioning effect in a long baseline underwater positioning system is less dependent on the number of monitoring base stations. The cumulative probability of positioning error within 5 m can reach 70%, and the cumulative probability of error within 10 m can reach over 95%.
Numerical Study of Self-propulsion Resistance of KCS Based on CFD
Authors: Han Shuo , Yang Linjia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to conduct self-propulsion tests to evaluate vessel resistance. We conducted self-propulsion calculations on the Korea Research Institute of Vessels and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship (KCS) at a model scale, directly discretizing the propeller and rudder. We used the overset grid method, which allows the propeller to rotate arbitrarily during the calculation process, and used the volume of fluid (VOF) method for multiphase flow to handle the free surface effect. The accuracy of the computational results was verified by comparison with existing experimental data.
Triple-energy virtual monochromatic imaging with a photon-counting detector for reducing metal artifacts in half-beam dental computed tomography
Authors: Lee M. , Lee H. , Lee S. , Kim W. , Lim Y. , Cho H. , Cha B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Dental computed tomography (DCT) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in modern dental care. However, the presence of metal artifacts from dental restorations or implants often compromises the image quality. This study introduces and evaluates a novel technique, triple-energy virtual monochromatic imaging (TEVM), which employs a photon-counting detector (PCD) to enhance image quality. TEVM synthesizes images captured at three distinct energy levels to produce a virtual monochromatic image (VMI) with improved contrast and sharpness, particularly in areas affected by metal artifacts. We compared the efficacy of TEVM in mitigating metal artifacts using half-beam dental and endodontic CT with that of conventional methods. The results indicate that TEVM significantly reduces metal artifacts and improves image quality. In addition, this technique minimizes the need for repeated scans, thereby reducing radiation exposure. In conclusion, TEVM combined with PCD offers a promising avenue for overcoming the challenges posed by metal artifacts in dental and endodontic CT, thereby enhancing both diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
Influence of high fluence heavy ion irradiation on the performance of single crystal diamond detectors
Authors: Wang X. , Li Z. , Li R. , Lu Z. , Chen C. , Liu F. , Ma S. , Wu G. , Li H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Radiation detectors based on diamond are highly favored for
particle physics research due to their superior radiation
hardness. In this work, the performance of single crystal diamond
detectors under high fluence heavy ion radiation has been
investigated. After irradiation by Fe13+ and Xe20+ ion
beams with a high particle fluence of
1.2 × 1015 cm-2, the properties of unirradiated and
irradiated intrinsic single crystal chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
diamond detectors are compared by means of the spectroscopic energy
resolution, charge collection efficiency (CCE), mobility-lifetime
(μτ) product and time response using a 241Am alpha
(α) particle source. The experimental results of the
unirradiated sample with respect to I-V dark current levels, showed
an ohmic behaviour of the Al and Cr/Au contact, CCE of 100%, fast
response with a rise time of 750 ps and a fall time of 600 ps as
well as drift velocities of 6.67 × 104 m/s and
4.72 × 104 m/s for holes and electrons respectively. In
the case of the irradiated samples, the CCE, μτ product and
time response pulse amplitude of holes and electrons were all
degraded, indicating that high density trappings for both kinds of
carriers were created under the diamond crystal surface and the
trapping probability of holes and electrons was equal, which was
different from the previous reports in the literature where only
higher trapping probability of holes were observed under heavy ions
irradiation. In particular, the spectroscopic performance as well as
μτ product of holes and electrons in Fe13+ irradiated
sample decreased more than those in Xe20+ irradiated sample,
which implied that the recombination of electrons and holes
increased in Fe13+ irradiated sample with greater penetration
depth than that in Xe20+ irradiated sample when radiation
fluence was up to 1015 cm-2, despite the lower density of
lattice vacancies in Fe13+ irradiated sample. Moreover, the
rise time of holes was slightly different, but the drift velocity
was basically the same as that of the unirradiated sample, and so
was that of the electrons. Anyway, the presented results showed that
the diamond detectors irradiated by heavy ions at a high fluence of
1015 cm-2 still retained their good spectroscopic and
very fast time response properties.
All linear symmetries of the
SU(3)
tensor multiplicities
Authors: Briand Emmanuel , Rosas Mercedes , Trandafir Stefan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The

S
U
(
3
)

tensor multiplicities are piecewise polynomial of degree 1 in their labels. The pieces are the chambers of a complex of cones. We describe in detail this chamber complex and determine the group of all linear symmetries (of order 144) for these tensor multiplicities. We represent the cells by diagrams showing clearly the inclusions as well as the actions of the group of symmetries and of its remarkable subgroups.
To test or to not test: A retrospective cross-sectional study on potentially inappropriate use of pathology testing in South Australian hospitals
Authors: Banker Twisha R , Gillam Marianne H , O’Loughlin Peter , Rankin Wayne , Ryan Richard , Caruso Connie , Roughead Elizabeth E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To measure rates of potentially inappropriate pathology testing in the hospital setting.

Methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study in hospital setting from July 2021 to December 2021. We examined 3 potentially inappropriate uses: overordering, selection errors, and unnecessary repeat testing. Overordering included vitamin D and lipids (rarely required in acute hospital care). Selection error was the ratio of iron studies to standalone ferritin requests. Unnecessary repeats included any repeat vitamin D, lipids, iron, or ferritin in an episode of care or C-reactive protein (CRP) repeated within 3 days and N-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) within 7 days and repeated previously abnormal CRP and NT-proBNP tests. Costs of inappropriate tests were estimated using the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedules.

Results
Among 55,904 test requests, 15% (n = 8120) were potentially inappropriate. Vitamin D was frequently ordered (n = 4498), as were lipids (n = 2872). Ratio of iron studies to standalone ferritin was 36. Of 19,233 repeat CRPs, 36% (n = 6947) were within 3 days and 62% (n = 179) of repeat NT-proBNPs were within 7 days of the first test. For initially abnormal tests, 89% of CRPs and 97% of NT-proBNPs remained abnormal. Inappropriate test costs accounted for 12% to 30% of costs.

Conclusions
Frequent potential inappropriate use and selection of pathology tests was observed in South Australian hospitals.
Benchmarking of local genetic correlation estimation methods using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhang Yiliang , Zhang Yunxuan , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Local genetic correlation evaluates the correlation of additive genetic effects between different traits across the same genetic variants at a genomic locus. It has been proven informative for understanding the genetic similarities of complex traits beyond that captured by global genetic correlation calculated across the whole genome. Several summary-statistics-based approaches have been developed for estimating local genetic correlation, including $\rho$-hess, SUPERGNOVA and LAVA. However, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of these methods to offer practical guidelines on the choices of these methods. In this study, we conduct benchmark comparisons of the performance of these three methods through extensive simulation and real data analyses. We focus on two technical difficulties in estimating local genetic correlation: sample overlaps across traits and local linkage disequilibrium (LD) estimates when only the external reference panels are available. Our simulations suggest the likelihood of incorrectly identifying correlated regions and local correlation estimation accuracy are highly dependent on the estimation of the local LD matrix. These observations are corroborated by real data analyses of 31 complex traits. Overall, our findings illuminate the distinct results yielded by different methods applied in post-genome-wide association studies (post-GWAS) local correlation studies. We underscore the sensitivity of local genetic correlation estimates and inferences to the precision of local LD estimation. These observations accentuate the vital need for ongoing refinement in methodologies.
Autophagy core protein BECN1 is vital for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice
Authors: Ke Lu , Lin Xinyi , Luo Yuchuan , Tao Siming , Yan Chang , He Yifeilong , Wu Yingjie , Liu Ning , Qin Yinghe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMammalian spermatogenesis is a highly complex multi-step biological process, and autophagy has been demonstrated to be involved in the process of spermatogenesis. Beclin-1/BECN1, a core autophagy factor, plays a critical role in many biological processes and diseases. However, its function in spermatogenesis remains largely unclear. In the present study, germ cell–specific Beclin 1 (Becn1) knockout mice were generated and were conducted to determine the role of Becn1 in spermatogenesis and fertility of mice. Results indicate that Becn1 deficiency leads to reduced sperm motility and quantity, partial failure of spermiation, actin network disruption, excessive residual cytoplasm, acrosome malformation, and aberrant mitochondrial accumulation of sperm, ultimately resulting in reduced fertility in male mice. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy was observed in the testes of germ cell–specific Becn1 knockout mice, which may contribute to impaired spermiogenesis and reduced fertility. Collectively, our results reveal that Becn1 is essential for fertility and spermiogenesis in mice.
The pathobiology of psychomotor slowing in psychosis: altered cortical excitability and connectivity
Authors: Lefebvre Stephanie , Gehrig Gwendolyn , Nadesalingam Niluja , Nuoffer Melanie G , Kyrou Alexandra , Wüthrich Florian , Walther Sebastian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Psychomotor slowing is a frequent symptom of schizophrenia. Short-interval intracortical inhibition assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation demonstrated inhibitory dysfunction in schizophrenia. The inhibitory deficit results from additional noise during information processing in the motor system in psychosis. Here, we tested whether cortical inhibitory dysfunction was linked to psychomotor slowing and motor network alterations.
In this cross-sectional study, we included 60 patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing determined by the Salpêtrière Retardation Rating Scale, 23 patients without slowing and 40 healthy control participants. We acquired single and double-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation effects from the left primary motor cortex, resting-state functional connectivity and diffusion imaging on the same day. Groups were compared on resting motor threshold, amplitude of the motor evoked potentials, as well as short-interval intracortical inhibition. Regression analyses calculated the association between motor evoked potential amplitudes or cortical inhibition with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity from the left primary motor cortex and fractional anisotropy at whole brain level and within major motor tracts.
In patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing, we observed lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials, while the short-interval intracortical inhibition/motor evoked potentials amplitude ratio was higher than in healthy controls, suggesting lower cortical inhibition in these patients. Patients without slowing also had lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials. Across the combined patient sample, cortical inhibition deficits were linked to more motor coordination impairments. In patients with schizophrenia and psychomotor slowing, lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials were associated with lower fractional anisotropy in motor tracts. Moreover, resting-state functional connectivity between the primary motor cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex and the cerebellum increased with stronger cortical inhibition. In contrast, in healthy controls and patients without slowing, stronger cortical inhibition was linked to lower resting-state functional connectivity between the left primary motor cortex and premotor or parietal cortices.
Psychomotor slowing in psychosis is linked to less cortical inhibition and aberrant functional connectivity of the primary motor cortex. Higher neural noise in the motor system may drive psychomotor slowing and thus may become a treatment target.
Syntax intervention in American Sign Language: an exploratory case study
Authors: Ofori-Sanzo Kimberly , Geer Leah , Embry Kinya 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This case study describes the use of a syntax intervention with two deaf children who did not acquire a complete first language (L1) from birth. It looks specifically at their ability to produce subject–verb–object (SVO) sentence structure in American Sign Language (ASL) after receiving intervention. This was an exploratory case study in which investigators utilized an intervention that contained visuals to help teach SVO word order to young deaf children. Baseline data were collected over three sessions before implementation of a targeted syntax intervention and two follow-up sessions over 3–4 weeks. Both participants demonstrated improvements in their ability to produce SVO structure in ASL in 6–10 sessions. Visual analysis revealed a positive therapeutic trend that was maintained in follow-up sessions. These data provide preliminary evidence that a targeted intervention may help young deaf children with an incomplete L1 learn to produce basic word order in ASL. Results from this case study can help inform the practice of professionals working with signing deaf children who did not acquire a complete L1 from birth (e.g., speech-language pathologists, deaf mentors/coaches, ASL specialists, etc.). Future research should investigate the use of this intervention with a larger sample of deaf children.