bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niobium
Authors: Tvermoes Brooke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNiobium (Nb) has a number of diverse and interesting physical‐chemical properties making it a very versatile transition metal and essential material for several advanced technologies including NMRs, MRIs, and quantum computing. In addition, Nb is an important alloying element for steels and this use consumes 85–90% of the Nb produced today. Nb is also an important constituent in superalloys used for aircraft engines and other high‐temperature applications where a special resistance to heat, abrasion, and corrosion is required. Further, Nb is used in alloys for biomedical applications because of its good biocompatibility, high degree of mechanical strength, and high corrosion resistance. The current data suggest that Nb demonstrates low systemic toxicity potential. Nb given orally is practically nontoxic; with LD50 values ranging from 940 mg/kg bw to >2000 mg/kg bw. Nb is absorbed from the respiratory tract and eliminated through the kidney. The absorption from the GI tract is poor. Nb is distributed to internal organs such as the liver, aorta, and the kidney. Some forms of Nb have an irritant effect on mucous membranes and skin and are classified as skin sensitizers. Multiple Nb compounds have been reported to be negative, with and without metabolic activation, in several differentin vitrogenotoxicity tests. It has been reported that high surface area Nb material, such as five micrometer powder, may autoignite at room temperature.
Association of Weight Loss and Weight Gain With Structural Defects and Pain in Hand Osteoarthritis: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Salis Zubeyir , Driban Jeffrey B. , McAlindon Timothy E. , Eaton Charles B. , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveOur aim was to define the association of weight change (weight loss or weight gain) with the incidence and progression of hand osteoarthritis (OA), assessed either by radiography or by pain, using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.MethodsAmong the 4,796 participants, we selected 4,598 participants, excluding those with cancer or rheumatoid arthritis or a body mass index under 18.5 kg/m2. We investigated the association of weight change with incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA and the development and resolution of hand pain. Using multivariable logistic regression, we investigated the association of weight change from baseline to the 4‐year follow‐up with the incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA at the 4‐year follow‐up. Additionally, multivariable repeated‐measure mixed‐effects logistic regression analyzed the association of weight change with the development and resolution of hand pain across 2‐year, 4‐year, 6‐year, and 8‐year follow‐ups.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were observed between weight change and the investigated outcomes. Specifically, for each 5% weight loss, the odds ratios for the incidence and progression of radiographic hand OA were 0.90 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.67–1.23) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.84–1.00), respectively. Similarly, for each 5% weight loss, the odds ratios for the development and resolution of hand pain at the 8‐year follow‐up were 1.00 (95% CI 0.92–1.09) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.91–1.25), respectively.ConclusionOur study found no evidence of an association between weight change and the odds of incidence or progression of radiographic hand OA over 4 years, nor the development or resolution of hand pain over 8 years.
Pincer Morphology Is Not Associated With Hip Osteoarthritis Unless Hip Pain Is Present: Follow‐Up Data From a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Riedstra Noortje Sophie , Boel Fleur , van Buuren Michiel , Eygendaal Denise , Bierma‐Zeinstra Sita , Runhaar Jos , Agricola Rintje 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the relationship between pincer morphology and radiographic hip osteoarthritis (RHOA) over 2, 5, 8, and 10 years’ follow‐up and to study the interaction between pincer morphology and pain.MethodsIndividuals from the prospective Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee study were drawn. Anteroposterior pelvic and false profile radiographs were obtained. Hips free of definite RHOA (Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] grade 0 or 1) at baseline were included. Pincer morphology was defined as a lateral or anterior center edge angle or both ≥40° at baseline. Incident RHOA was defined as KL ≥ 2 or total hip replacement at follow‐up. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations estimated the associations at follow‐up. Associations were expressed as unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). An interaction term was added to investigate whether pincer morphology had a different effect on symptomatic hips.ResultsIncident RHOA developed in 69 hips (5%) at 2 years’ follow‐up, in 178 hips (14%) at 5 years’ follow‐up, in 279 hips (24%) at 8 years’ follow‐up, and in 495 hips (42%) at 10 years’ follow‐up. No significant associations were found between pincer morphology and incident RHOA (adjusted OR 0.35 [95% CI 0.06–2.15]; adjusted OR 1.50 [95% CI 0.94–2.38]). Significant interactions between pain and anterior pincer morphology in predicting incident RHOA were found at 5, 8, and 10 years’ follow‐up (OR 1.97 [95% CI 1.03–3.78]; OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.35–8.61]).ConclusionNo associations were found between radiographic pincer morphology and incident RHOA at any follow‐up moment. Anteriorly located pincer morphology with hip pain, however, was significantly associated with incident RHOA. This highlights the importance of studying symptoms and hip morphology simultaneously.
Molecule Dipole and Steric Hindrance Engineering to Modulate Electronic Structure of PTCDA/PTA for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution and Antibiotics Degradation
Authors: Yu Weili , Fang Ningjie , Wang Ruobing , Liu Zhaobing , Chu Yinghao , Huang Chenxi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInsufficient charge separation and slow exciton transport severely limit the utilization of perylene‐plane‐based organic photocatalysts. Herein, a novel PTCDA/PTA (perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride/perylenetetracarboxylic acid) is successfully prepared for the first time by the in situ crystallization of PTA on the surface of PTCDA through π–π interaction. The PTCDA/PTA loading with 8%PTCDA showed the optimum photocatalytic performance. The photocatalytic H2 evolution rate reached 45.06 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 1.93‐fold and 4506.00‐fold higher than that of pure PTA and PTCDA. Meanwhile, it also exhibited excellent antibiotics photodegradation activities, in which both the removal efficiency of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl) and ofloxacin (OFL) are more over 90% within 30 min. By modulating the structures of perylene plane, the steric hindrance and internal dipole moments can be precisely tuned. These lead to the change of stacking mode, promoting the degree of π–π stacking and formation of strong internal electric field, while improved the photocatalytic activity. Excited state density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the redistribution of electron‐hole pairs, which obeys a type II mechanism. The proposed photocatalytic mechanism is determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS). Besides, the toxicities of the degradation products are also evaluated. The work provides useful strategy for the design of high‐performance and multifunctional photocatalysts toward water remediation and energy production.
Advances in Microfluidic Technologies in Organoid Research
Authors: Liu Haitao , Gan Zhongqiao , Qin Xinyuan , Wang Yaqing , Qin Jianhua 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrganoids have emerged as major technological breakthroughs and novel organ models that have revolutionized biomedical research by recapitulating the key structural and functional complexities of their in vivo counterparts. The combination of organoid systems and microfluidic technologies has opened new frontiers in organoid engineering and offers great opportunities to address the current challenges of existing organoid systems and broaden their biomedical applications. In this review, the key features of the existing organoids, including their origins, development, design principles, and limitations, are described. Then the recent progress in integrating organoids into microfluidic systems is highlighted, involving microarrays for high‐throughput organoid manipulation, microreactors for organoid hydrogel scaffold fabrication, and microfluidic chips for functional organoid culture. The opportunities in the nascent combination of organoids and microfluidics that lie ahead to accelerate research in organ development, disease studies, drug screening, and regenerative medicine are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the development of advanced microfluidic platforms and modified technologies for building organoids with higher fidelity and standardization are envisioned.
A Fiber Sensor for Long‐Term Monitoring of Extracellular Potassium Ion Fluctuations in Chronic Neuropsychiatric Diseases
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Wang Liyuan , Yang Yiqing , Li HongJian , Huang Xinlin , Liu Ziwei , Yu Sihui , Tang Chengqiang , Chen Jiawei , Shi Xiang , Li Wenjun , Chen Peining , Tong Qi , Yu Hongbo , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe extracellular potassium ion concentration in the brain exerts a significant influence on cellular excitability and intercellular communication. Perturbations in the extracellular potassium ion level are closely correlated with various chronic neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. However, a critical gap persists in performing real‐time and long‐term monitoring of extracellular potassium ions, which is necessary for comprehensive profiling of chronic neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, a fiber potassium ion sensor (FKS) that consists of a soft conductive fiber with a rough surface and a hydrophobic‐treated transduction layer interfaced with a potassium ion‐selective membrane is found to solve this problem. The FKS demonstrates stable interfaces between its distinct functional layers in an aqueous environment, conferring an exceptional stability of 6 months in vivo, in stark contrast to previous reports with working durations from hours to days. Upon implantation into the mouse brain, the FKS enables effective monitoring of extracellular potassium ion dynamics under diverse physiological states including anesthesia, forced swimming, and tail suspension. Using this FKS, tracking of extracellular potassium ion fluctuations that align with behaviors associated with the progression of depression over months is achieved, demonstrating its usability in studying chronic neuropsychiatric disorders from a new biochemical perspective.
Skin‐Interfaced Bifluidic Paper‐Based Device for Quantitative Sweat Analysis
Authors: Deng Muhan , Li Xiaofeng , Song Kui , Yang Hanlin , Wei Wenkui , Duan Xiaojun , Ouyang Xiaoping , Cheng Huanyu , Wang Xiufeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe erratic, intermittent, and unpredictable nature of sweat production, resulting from physiological or psychological fluctuations, poses intricacies to consistently and accurately sample and evaluate sweat biomarkers. Skin‐interfaced microfluidic devices that rely on colorimetric mechanisms for semi‐quantitative detection are particularly susceptible to these inaccuracies due to variations in sweat secretion rate or instantaneous volume. This work introduces a skin‐interfaced colorimetric bifluidic sweat device with two synchronous channels to quantify sweat rate and biomarkers in real‐time, even during uncertain sweat activities. In the proposed bifluidic‐distance metric approach, with one channel to measure sweat rate and quantify collected sweat volume, the other channel can provide an accurate analysis of the biomarkers based on the collected sweat volume. The closed channel design also reduces evaporation and resists contamination from the external environment. The feasibility of the device is highlighted in a proof‐of‐the‐concept demonstration to analyze sweat chloride for evaluating hydration status and sweat glucose for assessing glucose levels. The low‐cost yet highly accurate device provides opportunities for clinical sweat analysis and disease screening in remote and low‐resource settings. The developed device platform can be facilely adapted for the other biomarkers when corresponding colorimetric reagents are exploited.
Sex differences in brain atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Oltra Javier , Habich Annegret , Schwarz Christopher G. , Nedelska Zuzana , Przybelski Scott A. , Inguanzo Anna , Diaz‐Galvan Patricia , Lowe Val J. , Oppedal Ketil , Gonzalez Maria C. , Philippi Nathalie , Blanc Frederic , Barkhof Frederik , Lemstra Afina W. , Hort Jakub , Padovani Alessandro , Rektorova Irena , Bonanni Laura , Massa Federico , Kramberger Milica G. , Taylor John‐Paul , Snædal Jon G. , Walker Zuzana , Antonini Angelo , Dierks Thomas , Segura Barbara , Junque Carme , Westman Eric , Boeve Bradley F. , Aarsland Dag , Kantarci Kejal , Ferreira Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSex influences neurodegeneration, but it has been poorly investigated in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated sex differences in brain atrophy in DLB using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODSWe included 436 patients from the European‐DLB consortium and the Mayo Clinic. Sex differences and sex‐by‐age interactions were assessed through visual atrophy rating scales (n = 327; 73 ± 8 years, 62% males) and automated estimations of regional gray matter volume and cortical thickness (n = 165; 69 ± 9 years, 72% males).RESULTSWe found a higher likelihood of frontal atrophy and smaller volumes in six cortical regions in males and thinner olfactory cortices in females. There were significant sex‐by‐age interactions in volume (six regions) and cortical thickness (seven regions) across the entire cortex.DISCUSSIONWe demonstrate that males have more widespread cortical atrophy at younger ages, but differences tend to disappear with increasing age, with males and females converging around the age of 75.Highlights
Male DLB patients had higher odds for frontal atrophy on radiological visual rating scales.
Male DLB patients displayed a widespread pattern of cortical gray matter alterations on automated methods.
Sex differences in gray matter measures in DLB tended to disappear with increasing age.
Uniformly Distributed Mixed Matrix Membranes via a Solution Processable Strategy for Propylene/Propane Separation
Authors: Su Yafei , Li Dongyang , Shan Meixia , Feng Xiaoquan , Gascon Jorge , Wang Yong , Zhang Yatao 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAggregation of filler particles during the formation of mixed matrix membranes is difficult to avoid when filler loadings exceed a 10–15 wt %. Such agglomeration usually leads to poor membrane performance. In this work, using a ZIF‐67 metal–organic framework (MOF) as filler along with surface modification of Ag4tz4 to improve processability and selective olefin adsorption, we demonstrate that highly loaded with a very low agglomeration degree membranes can be synthesized displaying unmatched separation selectivity (39) for C3H6/C3H8 mixtures and high permeability rates (99 Barrer), far surpassing previous reports in the literature. Through molecular dynamics simulation, the enhanced compatibility between ZIF‐67 and polymer matrix with adding Ag4tz4 was proven and the tendency in gas permeability and C3H6 selectivity in the mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were well explained. More importantly, the membrane showed a wide range of pressure and temperature resistance, together with remarkable long‐term stability (>900 h). The modification method might help solve interface issues in MMMs and can be extended to the fabrication of other fillers to achieve high performance MMMs for gas separation.
Enantioselective Hydrophosphination of Terminal Alkenyl Aza‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Sinnema Esther G. , Ramspoth Tizian‐Frank , Bouma Reinder H. , Ge Luo , Harutyunyan Syuzanna R. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a Mn(I)‐catalysed methodology for the enantioselective hydrophosphination of terminal alkenyl aza‐heteroarenes. The catalyst operates through H−P bond activation, enabling successful hydrophosphination of a diverse range of alkenyl‐heteroarenes with high enantioselectivity. The presented protocol addresses the inherently low reactivity and the commonly encountered suboptimal enantioselectivities of these challenging substrates. As an important application we show that this method facilitates the synthesis of a non‐symmetric tridentate P,N,P‐containing ligand like structure in just two synthetic steps using a single catalytic system.
Origin of Stability and Activity Enhancements in Pt‐based Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts via Defect‐Mediated Dopant Adsorption
Authors: Sawant Kaustubh J. , Zeng Zhenhua , Greeley Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPlatinum alloys are highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acidic conditions. However, these alloys are susceptible to metal loss through leaching and degradation, leading to reduced catalyst stability and activity. Recently, it has been shown that doping with oxophilic elements can significantly alleviate these problems, with a prominent example being Mo‐doped Pt alloys. Here, to achieve atomic scale understanding of the exceptional activity and stability of these alloys, we present a detailed density functional theory description of the dopants’ structures and impact on electrocatalyst properties. Beginning with the Mo/Pt system, we demonstrate that Mo can be stabilized in the form of low‐dimensional oxyhydroxide moieties on Pt defects. The resulting structures enhance stability and activity via distinct physical processes, with the Mo moieties both directly inhibiting Pt dissolution at defects and indirectly enhancing ORR activity by generation of strain fields on surrounding Pt terraces. We then generalize these analyses to other metal dopant elements, and we demonstrate that similar low‐dimensional oxyhydroxide structures control the electrocatalytic properties through an intricate interplay of the structures’ acid stability, intrinsic activity for the ORR, and ability to induce ORR‐promoting strain fields on Pt.
Metal‐Free Activation of Molecular Oxygen by 9‐Fluorenone‐Based Porous Organic Polymers for Selective Aerobic Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yinwei , Feng Xiao , Cao Jieqi , Zheng Xiaoxia , Gong Xinbin , Yu Weiqiang , Wang Min , Shi Song 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOxygen activation is a critical step in heterogeneous oxidative processes, particularly in catalytic, electrolytic, and pharmaceutical applications. Among the various catalysts available for photocatalytic O2 activation, homogeneous aryl ketones are at the forefront. To avoid the degradation and deactivation of aryl ketones, 9‐fluorenone‐based porous organic polymers were designed and regulated by doping them with co‐monomers. The obtained heterogeneous photocatalyst showed good performance in O2 activation, and its performance was better than that of homogeneous 9‐fluorenone. The obtained heterogeneous photocatalyst showed good reusability. We believe that the presented method and findings represent an important step toward designing catalysts tailored for specific tasks.
Effect of molecular structure on ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer thermal degradation and stability
Authors: Da Xiaoling , Deng Zhaoyi , Wu Tong , Cao Ya , Xiang Ming , Yang Feng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractTo study the effect of molecular structure on ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) thermal stability during processing, EVOH samples with different molecular weights and comonomer distributions were prepared by solubility fractionation from two different commercial materials, and then, the structure features of samples were characterized by 1H‐NMR, viscometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and, especially, successive self‐nucleation and annealing. Their thermal stabilities were further analyzed by isothermal oxygen treatment and thermogravimetry. Attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV were used to obverse the structural changes in samples (the formation of chromogenic groups: CO and CC). According to the results of isothermal oxygen treatment at 200°C, at the same ethylene content, low‐molecular‐weight samples have worse thermal stability, which were extremely easy to yellowing and form insoluble gel. To investigate the structure differences between the low‐molecular‐weight samples, it was found that long vinyl alcohol segments may not worsen the thermal stability in the conditions of the same ethylene content. But samples with a uniform distribution of ethylene segments and a certain length of ethylene segments will have better thermal stability, which makes it more difficult to form carbonyl even diketene conjugation structure.
An Open‐Air Palladium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective O‐Glycosylation of Glycals via in‐situ Generation of gem‐Disubstituted Methanols from p‐Quinone Methides
Authors: Azeem Ms. Zanjila , Dubey Ms. Shashiprabha , Islam Mr. Sk Areful , Mandal Pintu Kumar 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe devised a palladium‐catalyzed α‐stereoselective glycosylation that incorporates oxygen via in‐situ generation of gem‐disubstituted methanols from p‐quinone methides to access 2,3‐unsaturated gem‐diarylmethyl O‐glycosides under open‐air atmosphere at room temperature. Advantages of this environmentally friendly strategy include the absence of additives and ligands, using water as the green source of oxygen, mildest, operationally simple, exhibiting a wide functional group tolerance, and compatibility with a variety of glycal progenitors in appreciable yields. A mechanistic study has been verified via H218O labeling, which validates that water (moisture) is a sole source of oxygen.
Command filter‐based finite‐time adaptive tracking control for MIMO dynamic systems with external disturbances and prescribed performance constraints
Authors: Wang Zhechen , Jia Yingmin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates command filter‐based finite‐time stability of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) dynamic systems with prescribed performance constraints and external disturbances. A novel finite‐time differentiator is introduced into command filter‐based control scheme, which improves transient performance of each subsystem. Meanwhile, disturbance observers are utilized to eliminate negative effects on control system caused by external disturbances. Furthermore, featured with a selected performance function, it can be guaranteed that tracking errors remain in prescribed performance region. Stability analysis of the proposed controller is presented by using a Lyapunov function including transformed filter errors, parameter errors of neural networks, and observed errors of lumped disturbances. Effectiveness of proposed control method is verified by a numerical example and a practical system of inverted pendulums, respectively.
Das γ‐Verfahren zur Berechnung nachgiebig verbundener Biegeträger aus beliebig vielen Einzelquerschnitten: doppelsymmetrische Querschnitte
Authors: Zhu Jianzhong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractNachgiebig verbundene Trägerquerschnitte aus beliebig vielen Einzelquerschnitten mit doppelsymmetrischem Aufbau weisen antimetrische Normalspannungsverteilung und symmetrische Schubspannungsverteilung auf. Die Symmetrieeigenschaften werden in diesem Beitrag ausgenutzt, um einfache Formeln zur Bestimmung der einzelnen γ‐Werte zu entwickeln. Für nachgiebig zusammengesetzte Biegeträger mit doppelsymmetrischen Querschnitten aus bis zu neun Einzelquerschnitten werden Formeln angegeben.