bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Newer Generation
Authors: Perriam Chris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The late 1990s saw a considerable promotion of new film action and a sudden growth of interest in potential sstars as the prime producers of meanings for audiences of contemporary Spanish films (Fotogramas 1994b; Castellano and Costa 1995). This came in the wake of the Almodóvar phenomenon, and in a context of rising numbers of multiplexes and ticket sales, and big mltimedia distribution and exhibition deals (Jordan and Morgan-Tamosunas 1998: 206). In annual upbeat reviews of the state of Spanish cinema in the glossy press, the names of new wave of directors (as partly represented below) are linked to the fame and faces of their actors in a widespread fashion, and the industry is increasingly dependent on key producers (Fotogramas 2000). The public interest, however, is more in groups and generations (that concept so beloved of the Romance languages) of actors than in individuals, at least where film magazines and publicity are concerned (the more general celebrity glossies, leisure, youth, and lesbian and gay magazines continue to idolize the actors one by one).
The Sinfonia da Chiesa, and Salzburg (1766–1767)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although in modern musical life symphonies usually serve as the centre-pieces of orchestral concerts, in concerts of the second half of the eighteenth century, they most often appeared at the beginnings and ends of entertainments at the centres of which were characteristically found vocal and instrumental solos.1 They also served as overtures and entr’actes to operas, plays, oratorios, and cantatas, and, indeed, the terms ‘symphony’ and ‘overture’ were used interchangeably. Although overture (or ‘theatre’) symphonies and concert (or ‘chamber’) symphonies arc the only types dealt with in recent histories of the early symphony,2 there was also a third type: the church symphony. As early as 1713 Mattheson wrote on this subject:
Vienna (I): Orchestra Land (1767–1768)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As the testimony of a well-travelled professional, thoughtfully evaluating music and performances, Charles Burncy’s reports arc especially valuable. The two main theatres in Vienna alternated evenings of activity. Arriving in the Austrian capital on 30 August 1772, Burney learned that the curtain was about to go up at the ‘German’ Theatre (the Kärntnerthortheater), so he proceeded directly there. He reported:
Salzburg III: Serfdom (1779–1780)
Authors: Zaslaw Neal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mozart’s letters between 1775 and 1781 are filled with contumelies against his native city. His bitter harangues are difficult to evaluate objectively, arising as they do out of such emotional subjects as his father’s lack of promotion, his own poor pay, the Archbishop’s policy of treating his musicians as servants rather than professionals (let alone geniuses), and the censorship and factionalism at court. Leopold Mozart, resigned to his plight after years of fruitless struggle, continued to hope for a better position for Wolfgang, who wanted desperately to be done with Salzburg. Wolfgang’s defensive contempt for Salzburg can be understood: a childhood and youth spent as the darling of various courts, opera houses, and cities had prepared him badly for the realities of provincial Salzburg.
Rites of Passage: Cosimo I de’ Medici and the Theatre of Death
Authors: Fenlon Iain 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From printed descriptions and eyewitness accounts, and just occasionally from survivals, it is clear that music of all kinds, from the pealing of church bells and other characteristic features of the soundscape to specially composed polyphony, was a fundamental element in the many varieties of Italian early modern spectacle and display.
Mantua
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The visitor to Mantua may find it hard to believe how great was Monteverdi's success. The town today seems rather forlorn, its huge palace a museum, its present raison d'etre a market for the rich countryside by which it is surrounded. In the later years of the sixteenth century it was very different. Although never destined to be one of the greatest cities of Europe, Mantua was no mere provincial centre. The house of Gonzaga had brought the city to a fine prosperity, and encouraged by a succession of dukes who loved all the outward signs of richness, artists and musicians, actors and poets were glad to accept the bountiful patronage they were offered. Rubens, Tasso and Guarini are only three among many famous names in letters and painting that we find associated with the Mantuan court; and to these can be added a group of musicians just as distinguished.
Venice
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The procurators of St Mark’s had made their choice with great speed. Usually they took their time in choosing a new maestro di cappella, with an interregnum of six months or more. They must have had unusual confidence in Monteverdi’s reputation and demeanour. He was old enough, had experience in administration and was a famous composer. Someone of this stature was very necessary, since Monteverdi’s predecessor had been a failure. Giulio Cesare Martinengo had come to St Mark’s from Udine Cathedral. He left no mark on history as a composer, and worse still, he seems to have had unsatisfactory dealings with the procurators. The account books of the basilica show that he was constantly in debt almost from the moment he set foot in Venice. To pay his creditors he was continually asking for advances on his pay, and eventually died owing the treasurer several months’ salary. To hasten the decline of Venetian music still further, the last of the great older school of composers, Giovanni Gabrieli, had died the year before Monteverdi’s arrival. Given these circumstances, we can understand their welcome of an acknowledged master.
The earlier madrigals
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The heart of Monteverdi’s music lies in his madrigals. There he tackled and solved what he conceived to be the problems of the composer. It is in his madrigal-books that we can observe his spiritual and technical development from his earliest youth to his old age. Just as Haydn’s soul is laid bare in his string quartets, so is Monteverdi’s in his madrigals; and this fact should make us cautious. No composer works in a medium for fifty years without taking it very seriously. The fact that the madrigal is by its nature a smaller-scale work than an opera or much of the church music does not mean we can dismiss it lightly.
Reputation and influence
Authors: Arnold Denis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘The greatest fame which a man may have on earth.’ With these words Follino coaxed Monteverdi back to Mantua to compose Arianna (see page 17). Was the promise fulfilled? The question is of some importance to a biographer, and the search for an answer has a twofold value. The reputation that a composer had in his lifetime reveals the manner of man which he appeared to be to his contemporaries.
Music and Theatre in France 1600–1680
Authors: Powell John S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
During the course of the 17th century, the dramatic arts reached a pinnacle of development in France; but despite the volumes devoted to the literature and theatre of the ancien régime, historians have largely neglected the importance of music and dance. This study defines the musical practices of comedy, tragicomedy, tragedy, and mythological and non-mythological pastoral drama, from the arrival of the first repertory companies in Paris until the establishment of the Comédie-Française. The dynamic interaction of the performing arts in primarily spoken theatre, cross-fertilized by ballet de cour and imported Italian opera, gave rise to a set of musical conventions that later informed the pastorale en musique and early French pastoral opera. The performance history of four comédies-ballets by Molière, Lully, and Charpentier leads to a discussion of the musical and balletic performance practices of Molière’s theatre and the interconnections between Molière’s last comédie-ballet, Le Malade imaginaire, and Lully’s first opera, Les Festes de l’Amour et de Bacchus.
The Transformed Village: Lucy Broad Wood and Folksong
Authors: Val Dorothy de 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his 1999 series of Reith Lectures on globalization, the sociologist Anthony Giddens reforred briefly to ‘invented tradition’. The term has gained currency since the publication in 1983 of a collction of essays entitled The Invention of Tradition, edited by Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, in which various writers argue that accepted ‘traditions’ such as the Scottish kilt and rituals associated with the British monarchy are largely inventions of the nineteenth century.’ Giddens went further, claiming that all traditions are invented traditions.
The Nation-State and Global Media
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The electronic media pervade our daily being, and yet we hardly have a grip on what radio and television mean to the political geography of modern life. Imagery affects loyalties: that has always been known. What has been less clear is that the structure and capacity of communications and the fate of governments are inextricably inter twined. Throughout the world, the organization of broadcasting and the dissemination of television programmers are changing and often radically. The millions of images that float through the public mind help determine the very nature of national allegiances, attitudes to-wards place, family, government, and state. No wonder that in all locales-developed or undeveloped, democracy or dictatorship, transition society or not-the question of the structuring and future regulation of media is so important.
The Public Sphere
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Government and media are yoked, often tragically, in the architecture of the democratic process. When the curtain went up on post-Soviet society, experts from the West-academics and technicians from political parties-swarmed into the transition states to draft new media laws as part of the shoring-up of the machinery of change. Among their very first steps was the recommendation of specific rules to govern access to the media during elections.1 If democracy was the objective, then its theatrical conventions (how candidates get access to television time, who performs the moderating task, whether debates are man dated) had to be performed well. These experts soon recognized that law and regulation affect not only media’s role in elections, but the entire relationship between broadcasting structures, the modem state, and democratic values. State intervention to establish the infrastructure of modem political life is universal, even though that fact is often denied. What renders the project tragic is the difficulty of properly designing and executing the role of the state so as to render it compatible with the exercise of freedom. For all the brave talk of separating press from the government, issues of state and media are deeply inter twined; and in that intertwining rest the most subtle questions of enhancing opportunities for speech without abridging fundamental freedoms.
Globalism, Television, and Society
Authors: Price Monroe E 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Any essay on imagery in these times is a journey through the crumbling ideological monuments and scarred political landscapes of the late twentieth century: national dreams in tatters as ‘ancient states vanish like morning mists’;1 the shaky founding of new countries searching for old identities; the trash heaps of articulated principles and statutory formulations; the ravages of modem popular culture; the recurring dreams connected to new technologies; and, everywhere, the unnerving, unpredictable competition between cohesion and dispersal, universal and local, modem and fundamental. The great trans formations in media emerge against a field of hulking wrecks-warring civilizations, vanishing habits, the rusting machinery of old technology from which vast changes emerge. Such a moment couples the sad ness of obsolescence with the possibilities of hope.
Jonson and the Tother Youth
Authors: Donaldson Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN a short play for puppets written towards the end of his life, George Bernard Shaw addressed a question that had exercised him on and off throughout much of his career: was his genius equal, or perhaps superior, to that of Shakespeare? Throughout the play two very talkative and opinionated puppets named Shakes and Shav vigorously debate this issue, which Shakes at the outset proposes might be settled by means of a fist-fight. As a young man, Shaw had rather fancied himself as a boxer, having taken instruction from the celebrated Ned Donnelly, Professor of Boxing at the London Athletic Club; yet his puppet-self, Shav, proves rather less competent than his creator, being felled in the opening seconds of the play by a straight left from the untutored Shakes. By the count of nine, how ever, Shav is on his feet again, talking powerfully, scoring a number of mean body-blows, until the play, like a dialectical issue that can never be fully resolved, ends in an exhausted draw. Shaw was entranced by boxing, which he regarded as a sort of paradigm of capitalist enter prise. In Shakes versus Shav he appears to offer boxing also as a sort of paradigm of literary history, in which famous pairs of writers, challengers and defenders, may be ranked in contest against each other, and watched vying for supremacy, thwacking each other to the canvas. In his preface to the play Shaw was at pains, however, to point out that his contest with Shakespeare was entirely a friendly fight, in no way tainted by ‘mere professional jealousy’.
Gathering and Losing the Self Jonson and Biography
Authors: Donaldson Ian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IN 1919 Gregory Smith began his study of Ben Jonson in the English Men of Letters series with these confident words:
We know more of Jonson than any of the great writers of his age. There are no mysteries, or at least great mysteries, in his literary career, and the bio grapher is not driven, with the Shakespearians, to conjectural reconstruction from the shards of record and anecdote. Even his personality stands forth fresh and convincing beside the blurred portrait of Marlowe, or Shake speare, or Fletcher. For this fuller knowledge we are indebted to Jonson himself. Half a dozen years later, in the biographical essay that opens the first volume of the Oxford Ben Jonson, C. H. Herford expressed an even stronger belief in the immediate accessibility and legibility of Ben Jonson’s character. ‘The personality of Jonson’, he wrote, ‘detaches itself from the crowd of literary contemporaries with a distinctness by no means wholly due to the fact that our knowledge of it happens to be unusually full and dear.’ For there was also, so Herford believed, ‘something potent and distinctive in the ethos of the man.’ ‘Almost every sentence he wrote, however derivative in substance, carries an unmistakable relish of the man-is, in a greater or less degree, a document of the Jonsonian temperament and the Jonsonian will.,
Saving Lives: Kenneth Tynan and the Duties of Dramatic Criticism
Authors: Stokes John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Speaking behind their backs Laurence Olivier would call theatre critics ‘bastards’, though he cared enough about their presence to aim a blow at James Agate when, in 1945, he returned late to his seat at a Vivien Leigh first night. Olivier knew as well as anyone else that without a critical notice a production soon dies. According to Richard Eyre, a successor of Olivier’s as Director of the Royal National Theatre, critics are ‘the only people in our world who pay no penalty for failure’,2 his resentment at their relative security reinforcing his belief that the pleasures and displeasures of critics are fundamentally dissimilar from those of anyone else in an audience.
What We Don’t Talk About When We Talk About Poetry: Some Aporias of Literary Journalism
Authors: Perloff Marjorie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Grub Street and the Ivory Tower: as earlier essays in this book have demonstrated, the worlds of literary journalism and literary scholarship have been, for at least the past two centuries, much more closely allied than is commonly thought. But what about the third term in the equation, the literary itself? Specifically, how does ‘literary journalism’ confront the poetry written in its own time, along with the scholarly reception and theorization of that poetry? Writing about poetry and poetics has for a long time occupied an anomalous place in the larger humanistic discourse in which it is embedded. Take, for example, two long reviews that appeared just a few months apart in The Times Literary Supplement. The first is a review by Richard Sennett of four books on contemporary architectural theory (18 September 1992, 3-4), the second, one by Glyn Maxwell of eight books on contemporary poetry and poetics (29 January 1993, 9-IO).
Female Subjectivity in Gary Cooper que estás en los cielos (Miró, 1980)
Authors: Morgan Rikki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pilar Miró already had a reputation as a controversial film-maker by the time she released her third feature film Gary Cooper que estás en los cielos (1980). La petición (1976) had subverted the norms of period drama with its exploration of power and sadism and female sexuality and El crimen de Cuenca (1979) had broached the inflammatory themes of institutional corruption and police torture in bold realist mode. Eager readings of this latter film as a metaphor for the present provoked the threat of a military court martial against which Miró was still battling as she filmed her next feature. Continuing a number of themes which had already emerged in her earlier work, Gary Cooper was another high-risk project, charting unknown territory in a number of ways.
Julio Medem’s Vacas (1991):Historicizing the Forest
Authors: Santaolalla Isabel c. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When the 30-year-old Julio Medem decided to put his medical career and psychiatric training on standby and embark on a creative adventure called Vacas (1991), he could hardly anticipate the immediate critical and box-office success the film would enjoy both in Spain and abroad. The film received over twenty international awards, its director was hailed by many as a new promise of Spanish cinema, and his name linked to those of a number of other young directors and actors, referred to as ‘the new crop of Spanish cinema’, whose ‘young flesh and fresh blood’ were making ‘the miracle’ of Spanish cinema in the I99os possible (Cristobal 1994: 20-3; Castellano and Costa 1995: 16).
Ruskin’s Multiple Writing: Fors Clavigera
Authors: Birch Dinah 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For many of Ruskin’s readers, and also for those who know him largely by reputation, Fors Clavigera is a baffling text. Serially published from 1871 to 1884, and nominally addressed to ‘the workmen and labourers of Great Britain, it is the most substantial publication of Ruskin’s Oxford years—600,000 words of radical and innovative prose. In form, purpose, method of production, and range of reference it is notoriously hard to categorize. Of all Ruskin’s major works, Fors Clavigera has attracted the slightest body of interpretative response. Its early critics were inclined to see it as mental disintegration on an impressive scale.
Introducing Child Victims: The Problem of Child Abuse
Authors: Morgan Jane , Zedner Lucia 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest, both nationally and internationally, in victims of crime. Indeed, the past twenty years have seen the emergence both of victim studies and of services for victims.1 During this period the nature of victimization and its extent have received widespread publicity.2 A great deal is now known about the effects of crime on victims, the needs that may arise from victimization, and the reaction of various agencies to those needs. There has been a growing recognition that the legal response and intervention by helping professions may make a significant contribution to the overall impact of crime. As a result, demands have been made for the criminal justice system to be more sensitive to the needs and rights of victims. In 1990 the government published a Victim’s Charter, which suggests that more should be done to help the victim. It sets out for the first time how victims of crime should be treated and what
Hard Man: Jimmys Story
Authors: Hobbs Dick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The day his father died, Jimmy spent the day vomiting. He was in the first three months of a four-year sentence for grievous bodily harm, and his body had yet to adapt to the rigours of prison cuisine. I come off the hospital wing, and the screw says that I’m wanted in the principal’s office. I just tells him that I ain’t going nowhere. I couldn’t fucking move, felt so fucking rank. So he says ‘All right, your father’s dead.’ That’s all he was going to say. That was that. He weren’t having a go, nothing like that. He just thought that was the right thing to do, like telling me last night’s football. Never took it in at first like, I just lie there retching. Then the geezer I’m banged up with comes in with a fucking great plate of some shit they was serving up. Geezer’s out of Watford or Cheshunt or somewhere. Starts whacking this stuff down his neck with a spoon, and all the time he’s talking to me. But I don’t, I can’t, hear him, all I can see is this white stuff ... some fucking slimy shit slobbering all over his mouth.
Buck the Market: Crime, Pleasure, and Gentlemen of Leisure
Authors: Hobbs Dick 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
He that makes his pleasure be his business will never make his business be a pleasure. But some people can at least try. It is important that we are not carried away with the seductive, and at times hackneyed, tendency to view all serious crime as a highly rational activity, driven purely by commercial imperatives. We should consider carefully the pursuit of pleasure that not only provides the spur to engage in a criminal career, but also drives many individuals to gain sufficient levels of competence and consistency to maintain a life-style which for non criminals can only be aspired to at designated times, within regulated spaces, and with highly restrained moral and material resources.
The American Bankruptcy Preference Law: Perceptions of the Past, the Transition to the Present, and Ideas for the Future
Authors: Shanker* Morris G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many who read this paper will not be familiar with the American bankruptcy preference law. For the benefit of these persons, I have been asked to set out a ‘brief’ overview of that law. This, unfortunately, is a nearly impossible assignment. American bankruptcy preference law is a highly complex matter regarding which volumes (both treatises and scholarly articles) have been and still are being written. So, uninitiated, realize that this overview can give only a superficial idea of what American preference avoidance law is all about; and remember the adage that a little knowledge can be dangerous.