bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bladder neck mobility is a heritable trait
Authors: Dietz H.P. , Hansell N.K. , Grace M.E. , Eldridge A.M. , Clarke B. , Martin N.G. 
Published: February 2005

Objective  Congenital connective tissue dysfunction may partly be responsible for female pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. We undertook a heritability study to determine whether mobility of the bladder neck, one of the main determinants of stress urinary incontinence, is genetically influenced.Design  Heritability study using a twin model and structural equation modelling.Setting  Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.Population  One hundred and seventy‐eight nulliparous Caucasian female twins and their sisters (46 monozygotic pairs, 24 dizygotic pairs and 38 sisters) aged 18–24 years.Methods  We performed translabial ultrasound, supine and after bladder emptying, for pelvic organ mobility. Urethral rotation and bladder neck descent were calculated using the best of three effective Valsalva manoeuvres.Main outcome measures  Bladder and urethral mobility on Valsalva assessed by urethral rotation, vertical and oblique bladder neck descent.Results  Genetic modelling indicated that additive genes accounted for up to 59% of the variance for bladder neck descent. All remaining variance appeared due to environmental influences unique to the individual, including measurement error.Conclusion  A significant genetic contribution to the phenotype of bladder neck mobility appears likely.
Reducing blood loss at open myomectomy using triple tourniquets: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taylor A. , Sharma M. , Tsirkas P. , Di Spiezio Sardo A. , Setchell M. , Magos A. 
Published: February 2005

Objectives  To evaluate triple tourniquets in controlled conditions and for the first time to investigate the hypothesis that leaving a semi‐permanent tourniquet around the uterine artery reduces post‐operative bleeding from the uterine incisions.Design  A randomised controlled trial.Setting  Two University teaching hospitals.Population  Twenty‐eight patients with symptomatic fibroids and uterine sizes ranging from 14 to 24 weeks of gestation undergoing open myomectomy.Methods  A number 1 polyglactin suture was tied around the cervix to occlude the uterine arteries, and polythene tourniquets were tied around the infundibulopelvic ligament to obstruct the ovarian vessels. At the end of the procedure, the ovarian ties were released but the uterine artery suture remained in situ.Main outcome measures  Intra‐operative blood loss, post‐operative blood loss, blood transfusion rates, operative morbidity, uterine blood flow and ovarian function.Results  There was significantly less blood lost in the tourniquet group than in the control group (difference between means 1870 mL, 95% CI 1159–2580 mL, P < 0.0001; transfusion rates of 7% and 79%, P= 0.0003). The volume in the pelvic drain 20 min post‐operatively and after 48 hours failed to reach statistical significance between the two groups (P= 0.10 and P= 0.165). There were no differences in uterine artery Doppler resistance indices at five days (P= 0.54), six weeks (P= 0.47), three months (P= 0.49) and at six months (P= 0.18). Day two serum FSH concentrations after surgery were unchanged (P= 0.45), compared with baseline values.Conclusions  Triple tourniquets are effective in reducing bleeding and transfusion rates. There appears no obvious adverse effect on uterine perfusion or ovarian function.
Maternal and paternal thrombophilia: risk factors for perinatal mortality
Authors: de Galan‐Roosen Agnes E.M. , Kuijpers Johan C. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Steegers Eric A. , van Beers Wil A. , Ponjee Gabriëlle A. , Merkus Hans M. 
Published: February 2005

Background  Although some paternal components to the predisposition to pre‐eclampsia have been demonstrated recently, it is not known whether such paternal factors play a role to thrombophilia‐related perinatal mortality.Objective  To compare the paternal and maternal contribution to perinatal mortality.Study design  Data from a prospective registry of perinatal mortality in a Dutch healthcare region were used. Between December 1999 and May 2000, the prevalence of thrombophilia was studied in 74 women with a history of perinatal mortality (female cases) and 54 of their male partners (male cases). Seventy‐one healthy unrelated women after uneventful pregnancies only and 66 of their male partners were used as controls.Setting  Obstetric outpatient clinic in a regional hospital (Remierde Graaf Group, Deflt).Methods  Presence of various coagulation abnormalities, hyperhomocysteinaemia and anticardiolipins was investigated.Results  The frequency of antithrombin deficiency (12%vs 0%), increased activated protein C (APC) resistance (32%vs 6%), total protein S deficiency (11%vs 1%) and elevated factor VIII:C activity (43%vs 17%) was significantly higher in female cases compared with controls. In male cases, the frequency of increased APC resistance was significantly higher compared with controls (22%vs 0%). In 30 of the 54 couples with a history of perinatal mortality, more than one thrombophilic abnormality was found (55%) compared with 10 of the 62 control couples (17%).Conclusion  The risk of having thrombophilia is doubled in men who have fathered pregnancies which ended in perinatal death as well as in the mothers of such pregnancies.
Variations in vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy by region and trust in England
Authors: Bottle Alex , Aylin Paul 
Published: February 2005

Objective  To examine variations between regions and hospitals in the proportion of hysterectomies performed abdominally.Design  Analysis of routine hospital data.Setting  All National Health Service hospitals in England.Population  Women aged 18+ hospitalised between April 1998 and March 2001.Methods  Logistic regression, adjusting for age and diagnosis.Main outcome measure  Use of the abdominal rather than the vaginal route.Results  The adjusted proportion of hysterectomies performed abdominally varied from 75–89% between regions, and from 25–99% between hospitals. Diagnosis accounted for nearly a third of the total variation, dwarfing the contributions of age and hospital. About two‐thirds of the variation remained unaccounted for.Conclusion  Despite evidence suggesting that the majority of hysterectomies may be performed vaginally, very few English trust match this.
Identification of microsatellite markers in a neotropical seasonally dry forest tree, Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: CAETANO S. , SILVEIRA P. , SPICHIGER R. , NACIRI‐GRAVEN Y. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNine dinucleotide microsatellites were developed in Astronium urundeuva (Anacardiaceae), a typical tree of the seasonally‐dry tropical forests of South America and characterized on three populations from Paraguay and Argentina. Seven microsatellites were found polymorphic in within population gene diversities ranging from 0.32 to 0.91, and an observed number of alleles varying between four and 20. Despite their relatively low number of alleles, these markers proved valuable tools in detecting genetic structure between three populations in Paraguay and North Argentina.
Isolation of new microsatellite loci from the Green Lizard (Lacerta viridis viridis)
Authors: BÖHME M. U. , BERENDONK T. U. , SCHLEGEL M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractTwelve new microsatellite loci were isolated from the Green Lizard (Lacerta viridis viridis). Primers for 28 loci were designed and 18 of these loci amplified well for 10 individuals of four populations. Twelve of these loci were further characterized for a population in Hungary. The results document the suitability of these identified loci for the characterization of the genetic diversity of the endangered species L. viridis viridis.
Felid sex identification based on noninvasive genetic samples
Authors: PILGRIM K. L. , MCKELVEY K. S. , RIDDLE A. E. , SCHWARTZ M. K. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe developed two tests for sex identification of felids using y‐chromosome deletions in the zinc‐finger and amelogenin regions. These tests provide positive results for both males and females, while reducing the need to co‐amplify microsatellites to test for DNA quality in hair and scat samples. Furthermore, the y‐chromosome deletions are absent in a wide‐range of prey species; thus, when these tests are used on scat samples, potential contamination caused by prey DNA incidentally extracted, is minimized.
New microsatellite markers in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) derived from an enriched genomic library and sequence databases
Authors: PARDO G. B. , CASAS L. , FORTES G. G. , BOUZA C. , MARTÍNEZ P. , CLARK M. S. , SÁNCHEZ L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractScophthalmus maximus is an important commercially aquaculture fish species. We tackle the search for new microsatellites using two different approaches: an enriched partial genomic library and a screening of all turbot DNA sequences deposited in GenBank. Out of 15 genomic library derived loci, five gave working primer pairs, with expected heterozygosities (HE) ranging from 0.13 to 0.91. Out of seven loci derived from database sequences, two amplified successfully with an HE ranging from 0.56 to 0.63. The average allele number of these microsatellites was 5.7 per locus with a range between two and 15.
New polymorphic microsatellite markers for California sea lions (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: HERNANDEZ‐VELAZQUEZ F. D. , GALINDO‐SANCHEZ C. E. , TAYLOR M. I. , DE LA ROSA‐VELEZ J. , COTE I. M. , SCHRAMM Y. , AURIOLES‐GAMBOA D. , RICO C. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNine microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). In addition, two of five loci tested from harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) produced a single, clear band in Z. californianus, as did one out of five loci from grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) and one out of two loci from elephant seal (Mirounga sp.). No locus tested from South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) amplified in Z. californianus. Locus variability was assessed in California sea lions from Los Islotes rookery, Baja California Sur, Mexico. All loci were variable, with allele numbers ranging from three to 12.
Characterization of new microsatellite loci for the ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta)
Authors: PASTORINI J. , FERNANDO P. , FORSTNER M. R. J. , MELNICK D. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractIn this report we describe the development and characterization of six dinucleotide microsatellite loci for the ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta). The new markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of L. catta and all loci were found to be polymorphic when evaluated by genotyping a minimum of 34 individuals. Mendelian inheritance of each locus was verified using four families of captive ring‐tailed lemurs. The loci presented will facilitate the genetic survey of free‐ranging L. catta, enabling study of their social organization and mating patterns.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kinship, population structure, and mixed‐fishery analyses
Authors: KING TIM L. , EACKLES MICHAEL S. , LETCHER BENJAMIN H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEleven microsatellite DNA loci were identified and characterized for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected from the Penobscot River, Maine, USA and the River Nith, Scotland, UK. The markers revealed high levels of genetic diversity (seven to 48 alleles per locus), heterozygosity (to 100%), and allelic heterogeneity (all comparisons). Considerable differentiation was observed as the genetic distance (chord) between the two collections was 0.680 and the pairwise FST, 0.12, was highly significant. These findings are consistent with patterns of continental‐level differentiation observed previously using an alternate suite of microsatellite loci. Locus‐by‐locus analyses of molecular variance suggested that most markers were suitable for delineating kinships and population genetic structure.
Microsatellite DNA markers for the study of population structure and dynamics in nutria (Myocastor coypus)
Authors: CALLAHAN COLLEEN R. , HENDERSON ANNE P. , EACKLES MICHAEL S. , KING TIM L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractWe document the isolation and characterization of 27 microsatellite DNA markers for nutria, or coypu (Myocastor coypus), an invasive rodent introduced to North America as a domestic furbearer. Markers revealed moderate levels of diversity (averaging 5.0 alleles/locus) and heterozygosity (averaging 46%). Genotypic frequencies at 25 of 27 (93%) markers conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium expectations and no linkage disequilibrium was observed in a M. coypus collection (N = 64) from Maryland, USA. We believe this suite of markers to yield sufficient diversity to resolve patterns of effective migration among subpopulations, breeding structure, and demographics. This information can be instrumental to eradication programs that attempt to prevent recolonization among subpopulations.
Two contrasted P–T–time paths of coronitic metanorites of the French Massif Central: are reaction textures reliable guides to metamorphic histories?
Authors: NICOLLET C. , GONCALVES P. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractMetanorites from two eclogitized metagabbros of the Hercynian French Massif Central preserve coronitic textures of hornblende, garnet, quartz and/or kyanite produced at the expense of the primary magmatic assemblage orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Using a petrogenetic grid in the CFMASH system, two possible P–T evolutions for the origin of the coronas are evaluated. The sequence of reactions involving the formation of Hbl (–Ky) ± Grt and Qtz coronitic assemblages is consistent with an isobaric cooling at high pressure (c. 1–2 GPa) under hydrated conditions. However, this P–T path, inferred by using only petrographical observations, is inconsistent with the geochronological constraints: emplacement of the gabbro at 490 Ma and high‐pressure metamorphism at 410 Ma. In order to reconcile petrographical observations with geochronological constraints, we propose a discontinuous two‐stage evolution involving a change in water activity with time. (1) Emplacement and cooling of the norite at low pressure under anhydrous conditions, at 490 Ma. (2) During the Hercynian orogeny, the norite experienced an increase in pressure and temperature under fluid‐present conditions. Adding water to the system implies a dramatic change in the petrogenetic grid topology, restricting the orthopyroxene–plagioclase assemblage only to high temperatures. Therefore, the breakdown of the unstable magmatic assemblage, through apparent retrograde reactions, occurred along the prograde P–T path which never crossed the equilibrium boundaries of these reactions.
Intracavernosal Irrigation by Cold Saline as a Simple Method of Treating Iatrogenic Prolonged Erection
Authors: Ateyah Ahmed , Rahman El-Nashar Abdel , Zohdy Wael , Arafa Mohammed , Saad El-Den Hatem 
Published: February 2005

ABSTRACT

Aims and Methods
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aspiration and irrigation of the corpora cavernosa with cold saline as a simple outpatient method for treating prolonged penile erection after intracavernous injection of vasoactive agents.

Results
Aspiration and irrigation was needed in 70 out of 122 cases with iatrogenic priapism in whom cooling of the penis and perineum failed to achieve detumescence. According to the temperature of the saline used, patients were randomized into four different groups: A, B, C, and D with a saline temperature 10, 15, 20, and 37°C, respectively.

Main Outcome
We used a significantly larger volume of saline in groups C and D compared to group A. On the other hand there was no significant difference in the volume of saline used between groups A and B. Complete detumescence was achieved in 24/25 (96%) of cases in group A compared to 9/15 (60%) of cases in group D.

Conclusion
We recommend corporal aspiration and irrigation with 10°C saline for patients with prolonged penile erection who failed to respond to the noninvasive measures using ice-cold compresses and physical exercise.
STEADY VORTICES IN ARTERIAL FLOWS
Authors: SLAWOMIRSKI MARIUSZ R. , PALLOTTI GIOVANNI , PETTAZZONI PAOLO 
Published: February 2005

Many authors describe the movement in veins and arteries applying the Poisseuille flow pattern, according to which all streamlines are parallel to the walls of vessels, and the blood flow rate is proportional to the pressure drop. The presence of vortices may imply two-dimensional stress state in the wall of the vessel. It may be suggest that the additional stress may increase the probability to injure the cells of endothelium. The progressive development of atheroma sedimentation in the vicinity of bifurcations of arteries confirms the hypothesis mentioned above.
Old Persian in Athens Revisited (Ar. Ach. 100)
Authors: Willi Andreas 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Old Persian line in Aristophanes' Acharnians (100) is commonly believed to contain nothing but comic gibberish. Against this view, it is argued here that a responsible reconstruction of an Old Persian original is possible if one takes into account what we nowadays know about late fifth-century Old Persian. Moreover, the result, whose central element is the Persian verb for 'writing',fits in with both general considerations on linguistic realism in drama and the historical reality of diplomatic interaction between Greece and Persia during the Peloponnesian War.
'Eκπυ´ρωσιζ and the goodness of god in Cleanthes
Authors: Salles Ricardo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe εκπυ´ρωσιζ, or world's con flagration, followed by the restoration of an identical world seems to go against the rationality of the Stoic god. The aim of this paper is to show that Cleanthes, the second head of the School, can avoid this paradox. According to Cleanthes, the con flagration is an inevitable side-effect of the necessary means used by god to sustain the world. Given that this side-effect is contrary to god's sustaining activity, but unavoidable, god's rationality requires the restoration of an identical world once the con flagration subsides. The paper also deals with the relation between Cleanthes and other early Stoics on the topic of con flagration. In particular, Cleanthes' position seems to diff er from Chrysippus'. For in contrast with the Cleanthean god, who causes the con flagration as a side-effect only, the Chrysippean god, according to an in fluential interpretation put forward by Jaap Mansfeld, causes the con flagration as his ultimate cosmological goal.
Triton X-100-Assisted Assembly of 5-nm Au Nanoparticles by DNA Hybridization
Authors: Yang Jun , Lee Jim Yang , Too Heng-Phon , Chow Gan-Moog , Gan Leong M 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This report describes a Triton X-100-assisted method to assemble small Au nanoparticles by DNA hybridization. The non-specific adsorption of oligonucleotides, which is most prevalent on small Au nanoparticle surface and interferes with the hybridization of complementary sequences, is overcome by shielding the Au nanoparticle with a Triton X-100 layer. Amine-modified oligonucleotides, but not thiol-modified oligonucleotides, are able to penetrate the X-100 shell to enable the hybridization of complementary DNA sequences.
Molecular Design of Sweet Tasting Compounds Based on 3β-Amino-3β-deoxy-18β-glycyrrhetinic Acid: Amido Functionality Eliciting Tremendous Sweetness
Authors: Ijichi So , Tamagaki Seizo 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A series of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-based, sweet tasting compounds has been prepared, where anionic NHCO(CH2)nCO2K side chains are attached to the 3β-C position of the GA skeleton through an amide linkage. As compared with the corresponding ester-linking compounds, these amido-linking ones, except that of n = 0, elicit 13 to 25 times increase in sweetness. The sweetness enhancement is due probably to the proton donation capability of the amido NH group which would render the binding of these compounds to the taste bud cell receptor advantageous.
Photochemical Immobilization of Protein on Inner Wall of Microchannel
Authors: Nakajima Hizuru , Ishino Satomi , Masuda Hironori , Shimosaka Takuya , Nakagama Tatsuro , Hobo Toshiyuki , Uchiyama Katsumi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A novel strategy for patterning several kinds of proteins in a specific position of a microchannel is presented. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are covalently immobilized on a polystyrene microchannel surface through a photoreactive crosslinker with an azide group at one end and a succinimide group at the other by UV irradiation. The activities of HRP and ALP are evaluated using Amplex Red and Fluorescein diphosphate, respectively. The fluorescence has been observed only at the enzyme-immobilized position.
Alkylation of Nonbridging Thiolato Groups in an S-bridged CoIIIPdIICoIII Trinuclear Complex: Control of Geometrical Isomerism by Tuning Trans Influence Due to Sulfur Donors
Authors: Chikamoto Yu , Hirotsu Masakazu , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Konno Takumi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The methylation of two terminal nonbridging thiolato groups in syn-[Pd{Co(aet)3}2]2+ (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) was accompanied by the syn-to-anti isomerization, while the benzylation proceeded with retention of the syn configuration. The molecular structures of two alkylated CoIIIPdIICoIII complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography.
A Strategy to Protect Al2O3-based PFC Decomposition Catalyst from Deactivation
Authors: Xu Xiu-Feng , Jeon Jong Yeol , Choi Mi Hwa , Kim Hee Young , Choi Won Choon , Park Yong-Ki 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
γ-Al2O3 is one of the most active catalysts for hydrolytic decomposition of PFCs but it has been suffered from deactivation. The main reason for the deactivation was the transformation of catalytically active γ-phase into an inactive α-phase by the HF produced during the decomposition of PFCs. To prohibit the phase transformation, structure modifiers such as ZnAl2O4 and AlPO4 were strongly required, which resulted in a remarkable catalyst durability.
Application of the Criegee Rearrangement in Singlet Oxygen Reaction: A High Yield of Diosone from the Photooxygenation of Pseudodiosgenin Diacetate
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zeng Zhang-Hua , Liu Yong-Yong , Cheng Xue-Xin , Wang Xue-Song , Zhang Bao-Wen 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Photochemically generated singlet oxygen adds selectively to C20–C22 rather than C5–C6 double bond of pseudodiosgenin diacetate 1 to give diosone 4, an important intermediate for preparation of many steroidal drugs, and ene product 3 at room temperature. 3 was separated and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR as well as IR. When pyridine and acetic anhydride were presented, the Criegee rearrangement of 3 can yield 4, as a result, leading to a high collection yield (80% in acetonitrile) of 4.
Marked Inhibitory Effects of Extracts from Barley-Koji Miso Encapsulated in Hybrid Liposomes on the Growth of Human Stomach Tumor Cells in Vitro
Authors: Kadota Yutaka , Ibuki Taiki , Goto Koichi , Matsumoto Yoko , Ueoka Ryuichi 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
A remarkably high inhibitory effect of extracts from barley-koji miso with ethanol encapsulated in hybrid liposomes on the growth of human stomach tumor cells in vitro was obtained. Furthermore, it is suggested that ethyl linolenate should be an important antitumor agent among extracts from barley-koji miso.
Stereoselective Synthesis of δ-Amino-β′-Hydroxy-β,γ-Unsaturated Esters by the Samarium(II) Iodide-mediated Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes with γ,δ-Aziridiny-α,β-Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Ogawa Yasuyuki , Kuroda Kiichi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
δ-Amino-β′-hydroxy-β,γ-unsaturated esters were stereoselectively synthesized by the aldol reaction of aldehydes with samarium enolates generated by aziridine-fragmentation of γ,δ-aziridinyl-α,β-unsaturated esters using two moles of samarium(II) iodide.