bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a Spectacle of Her(self): The Greek Courtesan and the Art of the
Present
Authors: Davidson James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is the year 345 b.c., or thereabouts. A woman is on trial, the courtesan (hetaira) Phryne. She is accused of impiety, of introducing a new god, Isodaites, and if proven guilty, she will be condemned to death. The good news is that she is defended by Hyperides. Hyperides is one of the best advocates around and he has produced one of his best speeches for the occasion. Bits of it survive. The bad news is that the judges seem unconvinced nevertheless. Hyperides tries a desperate measure: “He led Phryne herself into view, tore off her underclothes, exposed her breasts and finished his speech with a pitiful finale. He filled the jurors with religious awe and stopped them from condemning to death Aphrodite’s representative and attendant, as they indulged their feelings of compassion.”
The Masculine Arts of the Ancient Greek Courtesan Male Fantasy or Female Self-representation?
Authors: Faraone Christopher A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The literature and vase paintings of ancient Greece represent courtesans in a variety of poses and social situations, raising the hope that for this very small group of women we may have enough evidence to talk about their lives in some detail. This hope is, however, repeatedly dashed by scholars who rightly worry about the difficulty of hearing real female voices in male-authored texts or seeing real women’s lives represented clearly in paintings commissioned and executed by males.
Taffanel
Authors: Blakeman Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The French flute player and conductor Paul Taffanel (1844-1908) was an extraordinary virtuoso and a major figure in fin-de-siècle Parisian musical life. Based on a treasure trove of private documents of Taffanel’s previously unpublished letters and papers, Taffanel: Genius of the Flute recounts the rich story of his multi-faceted career as a player, conductor, composer, teacher, and leader of musical organizations. As a player, Taffanel had a rare vision of the flute as a serious, expressive instrument and his name sits at the center of the extraordinary lineage of flutists. At a crucial moment in the flute’s history —after it had been completely remodeled by Theobald Boehm —Taffanel had far-ranging influence, creating the modern French school of playing which has since been widely adopted throughout the world, and re-establishing the instrument in the mainstream of music. Taffanel was also an inspiring teacher at the Paris Conservatoire, to whom many modern flutists can trace their roots. Taffanel also pioneered a renaissance in playing and composing chamber music for wind instruments. He founded the Société de musique de chambre pour instruments à vent (Society of Chamber Music for Wind Instruments) in 1879, reviving the wind ensemble music of Mozart and Beethoven, and stimulating the composition of many new works, among them Gounod’s Petite symphonie. The ensemble broke the dominance of piano and strings in recital and chamber music and fostered many of the canonic works in that repertoire. Although foremost a flutist and teacher, Taffanel was also an important opera and orchestra conductor, virtually without rival in Paris. From 1890, he served as chief conductor at the Paris Opera and the Society des concerts du Conservatoire (Paris Conservatory Orchestra) - the first time a flutist, rather then a string player, had been appointed to such key positions. At the Opéra he was charged with all new productions and gave notable French premieres of various Wagner operas and Verdi’s Otello. At the Société des concerts he championed contemporary French composers, particularly his great friend Saint-Saëns, and gave the world premiere of Verdi’s Sacred Pieces. Beyond his work as a performer, teacher and conductor, Taffanel was a fluent composer for the flute and wind quintet, a formidable administrator of several musical organizations, and was a major personality in Parisian musical life. Blakeman expertly places Taffanel’s story in the rich political and cultural backdrop of the time, evoking Conservatoire intrigues, the Société des concerts, and Taffanel’s relationships with various musicians and major composers. Blakeman details the circumstances surrounding landmark commissions, performances, and repertoire, and weaves the details from Taffanel’s correspondence with first-person interviews and flute lore. What emerges is a portrait of an all-round musician who was also a modest and genial man.
Last Words on the Flute
Authors: Blakeman Edward 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Pen-and-ink portrait — Giraud,” wrote Taffanel in his Notes biographiques for August 1894. This cartoon-like color sketch was one of a series that the artist Charles Giraud made of personnel connected with the Paris Opéra. He depicted Taffanel standing on a chair (an allusion to his short stature), slightly stooped, with pince-nez and a rather serious expression, a baton in one hand, and a flute (one-keyed!) supported on his chin and tucked under his other arm (see fig. 20). It neatly sums up how audiences in the 1890s would have seen Taffanel, for however important his career as a conductor was, he remained first and foremost the flute player of his generation to those who had heard him. Even Saint-Saëns, commenting on a performance of his Requiem conducted by Taffanel at the Société des concerts in 1899, concluded his letter with a cartoon drawing of a flute player (see fig. 21).
Prepositions as Probes
Authors: Kayne Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, I will argue that some prepositions (and, by extension, some postpositions) are probes, in the sense of Chomsky’s (1998, 1999, 2001) recent work. The particular case I will take up here is that of dative prepositions preceding subjects in French (and Italian) causatives. If the conclusion is correct for these, it will carry over to dative prepositions preceding subjects in causatives in other languages, as well as to parallel cases with postpositions.
Childbirth and Infant Care
Authors: Gregg Gary S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Studies in many MENA societies show that mothers throughout the region traditionally followed “pediatric” models of infant care broadly similar to those of many preindustrial societies. Adapted to improving the chances of survival in conditions of high fertility and infant mortality, this type of infant care entails nearly constant maternal caretaking, nursing on demand and to sooth distress, and dampening rather than eliciting excitement. This differs from “pedagogic” models typical of industrialized societies, which encourage face-to-face interaction, protoconversations, exploration, and excitement—all of which appear to be adapted to preparing infants for schooling.
Effectiveness of TBI Rehabilitation Programs
Authors: High Walter M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As in many areas of medicine, rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has historically been guided as much by compassion and common sense as by hard scientific evidence. If persons were too injured or weak to feed themselves, the community fed them. If they were too injured or weak to stand by themselves, the community helped them up. If they could not bathe themselves, the community bathed them. If they could not go to the bathroom, the community helped them. If they could not work, the community supported them. Helping people after they have become injured or sick no doubt precedes recorded history. People who have become incapacitated from brain injuries have been helped since before hospitals existed, and some people in the community have been better than others at helping injured and sick people longer than medical schools have been granting medical degrees.
Therapy for Emotional and Motivational Disorders
Authors: Prigatano George P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The nature of higher integrative or cerebral functions is not purely cognitive. These functions reflect a natural integration of both thinking and feeling to maximize adaptive problem solving (Chapman & Wolff, 1959; Prigatano, 1999). Disturbances in affect are as common after traumatic brain injury (TBI) as cognitive deficits (Borgaro & Prigatano, 2002; Newcombe, 2001; Prigatano & Wong, 1999; Oddy et al., 1985). This outcome is to be expected given the neuropathologic lesions common among this patient group (Gentry, 2002).
Children with Cognitive, Behavioral, Communication, and Academic Disabilities
Authors: Ylvisaker Mark 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Relatively little high-quality evidence is available that addresses interventions for children and adolescents with cognitive, academic, social, and or behavioural disorders associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, important intervention themes can be derived from the available research with this population combined with research with (nominally) different disability populations as well as non-disability populations. This synthesis of research findings across populations is the primary goal of this chapter. Following a summary of existing pediatric TBI evidence reviews, a description of issues related to TBI as a disability category, and a discussion of the concept of evidence in clinical decision making, the chapter reviews relevant evidence related to assessment and to cognitive, educational, social skills, and behavioural interventions, as well as family and teacher training and support. The chapter ends with a list of areas for future research.
Multicultural Perspectives
Authors: Uomoto Jay M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a biopsychosocial phenomenon that encompasses biological, psychological, interpersonal, cultural, and community perspectives. These realms interact with each other in conceptualizing the experience of any given person with TBI. The sociocultural context in which a TBI occurs is likely to affect both the process of rehabilitation and the long-term outcome of survivors of this injury. The causes, incidence, and prevalence rates, and the rehabilitation of the person with TBI, all can be examined from a multicultural perspective. The goal of this chapter is to examine the relevant literature on multicultural aspects of TBI and provide directions for further research that has potential import for both rehabilitative and preventive efforts.
Over There-and Back
Authors: Kennedy David M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The methodical Foch at first intended to press the exhausted Germans back along the five-hundred-mile front that stretched from Flanders to the upper Rhine. The American role in this grinding operation would be to remove the German salient behind Saint-Mihiel, a thorn that had festered for nearly four years in the French flank, then to sweep farther east to Metz, on the Moselle River, and finally to inflame the long-silent front from Metz and Nancy to Switzerland. This assignment well suited Pershing’s tactical preferences.
Introduction Stollenwerck’s Panorama, 1815
Authors: Wilentz Sean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1815, Peter Stollenwerck, a New York watchmaker, put on display in his shop a panorama of a manufacturing and commercial city by the sea, a fantasy of a city like his own Manhattan (Plate 1). It was something of a cultural event. Although panoramas (or dioramas) of historical scenes had been a familiar New York entertainment for years, Stollenwerck’s was the first in America in which the figures actually moved and in which the artist tried to represent the ordinary clamor of a contemporary expanding city. In such urban busyness, another artisan, Walt Whit man, would later find the poetry of the self and the democratic mass. Stollenwerck, a craftsman working during the twilight of the American Enlightenment, was more literal; like the first photographers (whom the dioramists anticipated), he was interested in exactness, in reproducing city life as perfectly as possible, omitting only the most intimate of scenes. Here, lured to the back of Stollenwerck’s shop, patrons could see them selves as they could not in the window reflections at street level, as part of a comprehensible order, of a rational (if not necessarily divine) design, coming and going in harmonious balance, all part of the pleasing spectacle.
Subterranean Radicals
Authors: Wilentz Sean 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Labor radicalism slipped into a political netherworld in the late 1830s and early 1840s. Labor’s spokesmen, a motley collection of street-comer socialists, Fourierists, trade unionists, land reformers, and so-called shirtless Democrats, won only a few isolated victories. Even their most promising projects were doomed, in the long run, to neglect, deflection, or co-optation. Simply by staying together, however, the diverse groups of subterranean radicals kindled some of the ideas of the 1830s and added a few new ones of their own. While they toyed with what historians have generally dismissed as utopian panaceas, and while some appeared to retreat from the confrontations of the 1830s, they also repeated the argument that the roots of privilege, corruption, and “wage slavery” were located in prevailing property relations. After 1845, their efforts to remind New Yorkers that theirs was still a city of economic inequality and exploitation, combined with the struggles of the city’s new Irish and German workers, began to move the labor question back to the center of popular awareness.
Communication, Context, and Community: Integrating the Standards in the Greek and Latin Classroom
Authors: Gruber-Miller John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Latin is a language, Dead as dead can be: First it killed the Romans; Now it’s killing me. —Anonymous The Forum and the Agora were alive with the sounds of commerce, the speeches of politicians, the noise of gossip. —Richard Gascoyne et al., Standards for Classical Language Learning Anyone who has studied Latin long enough has heard the first quotation. For those of us who teach Greek and Latin, it sets off a little voice inside of us that says, How can anyone think that Latin or Greek is dead? What could be more interesting than exploring the cultures, history, politics, and society of the Greeks and Romans through their own words? We might respond with words similar to those of the second quotation. Latin and Greek were heard and spoken, read and written. They were languages in which people expressed their deepest emotions: joy, fear, anger, love, satisfaction, grief. They were languages in which people talked about relationships with family members, obligations to friends, interactions with strangers, and duties to the gods. In fact, they are languages that still communicate ideas, feelings, thoughts, and arguments.
Language Acquisition and Teaching Ancient Greek Applying Recent Theories and Technology
Authors: Morrell Kenneth Scott 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In more than one state and school district, teachers of ancient Greek and Latin are having to confront the issue of proficiency and articulate learner outcomes that will serve to measure the effectiveness of their curricula (New York State Education Department; Sienkiwicz et al.). What may have been a simple, clear objective for a teacher of any foreign language, currently spoken or otherwise, to “teach students a language,” is suddenly not so clear at all. We are discovering that what we teach, what students learn, and what they actually acquire may be three entirely different things, although they are certainly related as aspects of some particular “language.” The following discussion attempts to clarify and simplify both the objectives and outcomes by situating the teaching of ancient Greek in the context of recent theories of second language acquisition (SLA). My goal is to outline some of the basic theories concerning the ways we acquire and use languages and then present a number of ideas about how teachers of ancient Greek can productively adapt their approaches in keeping with those theories. Because reading ancient texts represents the one language skill emphasized by all curricula for ancient Greek, this chapter will focus primarily on reading comprehension and conclude with some observations about the use of authentic texts.
Cavell’s “Romanticism” and Cavell’s Romanticism
Authors: Critchley Simon 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Romanticism is a persistent theme in Stanley Cavell’s work that has assumed in creasing prominence in his later writings, in particular In Quest of the Ordinary (1988) and This New Yet Unapproachable America (1989). As one would expect from Cavell, the trajectory of his recovery of romanticism is singular: it leads from his abiding interest in the procedures of ordinary language philosophy, in particular Austin, back to the recovery of an American romantic tradition in Emerson and Thoreau, and forward into a strongly perfectionist reading of Wittgenstein and Heidegger, where these twin peaks of twentieth-century philosophy are seen “as showing philosophy to be [possible] as a continuation of romanticism” (NYUA, 5).
The Avoidance of Stanley CavelI
Authors: Stewart Garrett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stanley Cavell, professor emeritus of aesthetics and the theory of value at Harvard, though a philosopher by training and appointment, has sent to print in the last three and a half decades some of the most passionate and commanding essays on literary aesthetics and literary value to be found anywhere in the postwar critical canon. Over this achievement there is little if any dispute. Despite the accolades, then, why has this work been to a discernible extent overlooked in the discussions that stand most to gain from engaging it? Such was the broad question that led to my embarking on this essay. In the commissioning editor’s more specific terms, I was asked to consider “any hesitancy in the literary response to Cavell’s work, as well as what has really been useful.” The more precise the formulation, the more disturbing the question.
North and West of Reconstruction:Studies in Political Economy
Authors: Richardson Heather Cox 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1898, Elizabeth Cady Stanton thought back over the events of Reconstruction and recalled how the emancipation of southern slaves had required a broad reworking of American government and citizenship. All inhabitants of the nation—men and women; black, white, Indian, and immigrant; North, South, and West—had to reconsider what it meant to be an American. “The reconstruction of the South,” she wrote, “involved the reconsideration of the principles of our Government and the natural rights of man. The nation’s heart was thrilled with prolonged debates in Congress and State legislatures, in the pulpits and public journals, and at every fireside on these vital questions.”1 The question of the nation’s political economy was a critical one in the postwar years, for the nation had to work out a number of central problems in American society. The war had secured the triumph of free labor throughout the United States, but how that would actually play out in everyday life was unclear. It was inevitable that the establishment of free labor would require the involvement of the newly powerful government, but how and to what extent was also unclear. At the same time, the war had guaranteed that the Plains West would be settled by eastern Americans, but how free labor and the government would operate in the new region was, once again, unclear.
International Adoption Medicine
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Since 1989, American families have adopted more than 167,000 children from other countries. These children usually reside in institutional care prior to adoption. Some have been exposed prenatally to alcohol, drugs, tobacco, or other substances. The children live in crowded conditions, sometimes with poor hygiene, inadequate nutrition, and limited numbers of caregivers. They come from countries with many endemic infectious diseases. At adoption, the children are frequently malnourished, developmentally delayed, and show signs of previous emotional and physical neglect. After arrival in the United States, children may not receive the recommended specialized medical attention for international adoptees. Some practitioners fail to recognize the unique needs of this group of children and are unaware of the recommendations to address these needs. Although many children thrive and do well after adoption (Figs. 1–1 to 1–3), some children have behavior problems, learning disabilities, psychological disorders, or emotional disturbances. Management of these problems must address the child’s possible prenatal exposures, early experience in institutional care, and the emotional impact of being adopted.
Prenatal Drug Exposure
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of prenatal exposure to illicit drugs among international adoptees is unknown. Impoverished birth mothers who relinquish their children may lack the financial resources to purchase drugs. It is equally plausible to speculate that maternal drug abuse increases the likelihood of child relinquishment. In other circumstances, birth mothers hoping for a specific gender child (i.e., a male in China or India) may be unlikely to abuse drugs during the pregnancy. In the United States, it is estimated that about 11% of newborns are affected to some degree by prenatal substance exposure (including drugs and/or alcohol). Among children residing in U.S. foster care, a group with sociologic and demographic similarities to abandoned children in other countries, it is estimated that about 70% of those in the system for at least 17 months have substance-involved parents.
Prenatal Exposure To Maternal Smoking
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Accurate information about birth mothers’ tobacco use during pregnancy is rarely available for international adoptees. Like prenatal exposure to illicit drugs or alcohol, maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to many problems in the fetus, infant, and child. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has long-term effects on the child’s attention, behavior, and cognition in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Some effects may persist to adulthood. Such problems are common among international adoptees, although the causes are multifactorial. This section surveys the epidemiology of smoking among women in sending countries. The long term neurobehavioral effects on offspring after maternal smoking during pregnancy are reviewed. The effects of environmental tobacco smoke on other organ systems have been reviewed.
Micronutrient Deficiencies
Authors: Miller Laurie C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Micronutrients are essential for the healthy development of young children. Micronutrient deficiencies, common throughout the world, impair growth, development, behavior, and health. Because most micronutrient deficiencies accompany protein-energy malnutrition and environmental deprivation, it is difficult to isolate the effects of single-nutrient deficiencies. Some occur in the absence of malnutrition and may be overlooked. Internationally adopted children have many risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies (Table 11–1). However, precise diagnosis may be difficult or impossible after their arrival in the United States. By then most children have already enjoyed several weeks of improved nutrition in the care of their adoptive parents while awaiting completion of legal proceedings in their birth country. Nonetheless, some micronutrient deficiencies have long-lasting effects on growth, behavior, or cognition.