bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of biochar aging in agricultural soil on its wetting properties and surface structure
Authors: Ivanova Natalia , Obaeed Gardoon Luqman Obaeed , Sulkarnaev Farid , Buchkina Natalya , Gubin Alexey , Yurtaev Andrei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiochar wettability and ability to accumulate moisture inside the porous space are crucial for improving soil fertility, regulating soil water balance, and regulating nutrients. However, a long-term interaction of biochar with agricultural soils may drastically alter the wetting properties and, eventually, influence water holding capacity and the structure of soils. In this work, the structure and wetting properties of biochar samples after 6-year long exposure to a sandy loam Spodosol with a crop rotation and mineral fertilizers application were studied. It was found that the elemental composition of the aged biochars was richer and more "soil-like", which is explained by the presence of the mineral crust on the biochar surface. The temporal evolution of biochar in the soil without any mineral fertilizer application resulted in significant improvement of its surface wettability due to the effects of various environmental factors. The lateral surface of biochar after 6-year interaction with the soil changes into a loose porous layer in a form of grooved base filled with adherent mineral soil and clay particles. Contrary, the application of the mineral fertilizer to the soil resulted in decreased wettability of the biochar lateral surfaces due to a decrease in the polar component of surface energy and the crusting of the surface with fine material, which blocks the pore space of the biochar. As a result, water capacity of the biochar from the treatment with the fertilizer decreased compared to the biochar samples collected from the soil without the fertilizer application. The radial biochar surfaces of both types of samples collected from the soil were open vessels filled with soil particles that slow down complete wetting and water absorption. The treatment of the biochar samples with surfactants drastically increased wettability of lateral surface and water absorption capacity of control samples as compared to the samples collected from the soil. The obtained results support the idea that the hydrophilisation of biochar caused by the adhesion of soil particles and treatment of its pore surface with surfactants, can improve the water-holding capacity of the sandy loam Spodosol in the plant-available range of soil water.
Graphical Abstract
Acylated and non-acylated anthocyanins as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents
Authors: Jeyaraj Ethel Jeyaseela , Vidana Gamage Gayan Chandrajith , Cintrat Jean-Christophe , Choo Wee Sim 
Published: November 2023

AbstractNatural products have served as an essential source of medicinal compounds in drug discovery, with their high abundance in nature and structural complexity being beneficial for various biological activities. Anthocyanins are a natural food colourant that belongs to the flavonoid group of compounds responsible for the colour of various fruits, vegetables, and flowers. There has been a growing interest in these compounds, especially for their health benefits. Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, making the prognosis for bacterial infection treatment rather difficult. The discovery of alternative agents and treatment approaches is needed. Many in vitro and some in vivo studies demonstrated the potential effects of anthocyanins or their fraction from various natural sources to prevent and treat bacterial infections and biofilm formation. This review reports the recent literature and focuses on the potential role of anthocyanins and their acylation or functional groups for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and their use as potential antibiotic substitutes or adjuvants. Their possible mechanism of action and prospects of their uses are also discussed.
Optimal performance of a tontine overlay subject to withdrawal constraints
Authors: Forsyth Peter A. , Vetzal Kenneth R. , Westmacott Graham 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe consider the holder of an individual tontine retirement account, with maximum and minimum withdrawal amounts (per year) specified. The tontine account holder initiates the account at age 65 and earns mortality credits while alive, but forfeits all wealth in the account upon death. The holder wants to maximize total withdrawals and minimize expected shortfall at the end of the retirement horizon of 30 years (i.e., it is assumed that the holder survives to age 95). The holder controls the amount withdrawn each year and the fraction of the retirement portfolio invested in stocks and bonds. The optimal controls are determined based on a parametric model fitted to almost a century of market data. The optimal control algorithm is based on dynamic programming and the solution of a partial integro differential equation (PIDE) using Fourier methods. The optimal strategy (based on the parametric model) is tested out of sample using stationary block bootstrap resampling of the historical data. In terms of an expected total withdrawal, expected shortfall (EW-ES) efficient frontier, the tontine overlay dramatically outperforms an optimal strategy (without the tontine overlay), which in turn outperforms a constant weight strategy with withdrawals based on the ubiquitous four per cent rule.
A comparative analysis of public transport accessibility to hospitals in Córdoba (2019–2023): Where are we now?
Authors: Martinazzo Lucila 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the mobility restrictions governments imposed to prevent its spread changed the cities’ ways of living. Transport systems suffered the consequences of the falling travel demand, and readjustments were made in many cities to prevent the complete shutdown of services. In Córdoba, the second largest city in Argentina, the Municipality dictated route cuts and reduced frequencies to sustain the buses and trolleys system. In 2022, Martinazzo and Falavigna assessed potential accessibility to hospitals before (2019) and during the pandemic (2021). Overall, the study indicated that average travel times increased by 20% and that the gap between less vulnerable and more vulnerable population quintiles reached almost 8 points. In this paper, potential accessibility to public hospitals in 2022 and 2023 is calculated using Martinazzo and Falavigna’s (2022) work as a baseline to compare, considering that neither cutting the services during the pandemic nor recovering the service after the pandemic the Municipality performed an accessibility assessment. The main results showed that, despite the system having almost recovered its extension by 2023, it maintained the regressive tendency between less vulnerable and more vulnerable population quintiles, as the difference in average travel time between these two groups reached up to 14 min, while the cumulative opportunities measure for the high-income groups was up to 68% higher than the most vulnerable households.
Mortality Surveillance During Winter Storm Uri, United States – 2021
Authors: Hanchey Arianna , Jiva Sumera , Bayleyegn Tesfaye , Schnall Amy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective:
On February 12, 2021, Winter Storm Uri hit the United States. To understand the disaster-related causes and circumstances of death, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) activated media mortality surveillance.

Methods:
The team searched the internet daily for key terms related to Uri and compiled the information into a standardized media mortality surveillance database to conduct descriptive statistics.

Results:
Between February 12 and March 2, 2021, the accessed media reported 136 Uri-related deaths from nine states. Most decedents were male (39%) and adults (62.5%). Exposure to extreme temperatures (47.1%) was the most common cause of death. Among indirect deaths, motor vehicle collision (12.5%), and carbon monoxide poisoning (7.4%) represented the top two circumstances.

Conclusion:
This was the first time CDC activated media mortality surveillance for a winter storm. Media mortality surveillance is useful in assessing the impact of a disaster and provides timely data for an all-hazards response approach.
-definability at higher cardinals: Thin sets, almost disjoint families and long well-orders
Authors: Lücke Philipp , Müller Sandra 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Given an uncountable cardinal

$\kappa $

, we consider the question of whether subsets of the power set of

$\kappa $

that are usually constructed with the help of the axiom of choice are definable by

$\Sigma _1$

-formulas that only use the cardinal

$\kappa $

and sets of hereditary cardinality less than

$\kappa $

as parameters. For limits of measurable cardinals, we prove a perfect set theorem for sets definable in this way and use it to generalize two classical nondefinability results to higher cardinals. First, we show that a classical result of Mathias on the complexity of maximal almost disjoint families of sets of natural numbers can be generalized to measurable limits of measurables. Second, we prove that for a limit of countably many measurable cardinals, the existence of a simply definable well-ordering of subsets of

$\kappa $

of length at least

$\kappa ^+$

implies the existence of a projective well-ordering of the reals. In addition, we determine the exact consistency strength of the nonexistence of

$\Sigma _1$

-definitions of certain objects at singular strong limit cardinals. Finally, we show that both large cardinal assumptions and forcing axioms cause analogs of these statements to hold at the first uncountable cardinal

$\omega _1$

.
The American public's attitudes over how judges use legal principles to make decisions
Authors: Rivero Albert H. , Stone Andrew R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe investigate the American public's attitudes over an integral component of judicial behavior: the legal principles judges employ when making decisions. Our theoretical perspective argues that political preferences shape individuals’ attitudes over how judges apply legal principles, mirroring ideological divisions expressed by political elites and judges. Using an original battery of questions, we find high support across all Americans for the use of certain, well-established legal principles, but stark differences in how liberals and conservatives evaluate the use of more controversial principles. In a survey experiment, we find that agreement (disagreement) between an individual's attitudes over the use of legal principles and the reasoning contained in a Supreme Court opinion is associated with increased (decreased) support for the Court decision.
Evaluating methods for examining the relative persuasiveness of policy arguments
Authors: McDonald Jared , Hanmer Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSurvey researchers testing the effectiveness of arguments for or against policies traditionally employ between-subjects designs. In doing so, they lose statistical power and the ability to precisely estimate public attitudes. We explore the efficacy of an approach often used to address these limitations: the repeated measures within-subjects (RMWS) design. This study tests the competing hypotheses that (1) the RMWS will yield smaller effects due to respondents' desire to maintain consistency (the “opinion anchor” hypothesis), and (2) the RMWS will yield larger effects because the researcher provides respondents with the opportunity to update their attitudes (the “opportunity to revise” hypothesis). Using two survey experiments, we find evidence for the opportunity to revise hypothesis, and discuss the implications for future survey research.
An exploratory investigation of interactions between syllabic prominence, initial geminates, and phrasal boundaries in Pattani Malay
Authors: Burroni Francesco , Maspong Sireemas , Pittayaporn Pittayawat , Kochaiyaphum Pimthip 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis study investigates interactions among relative syllabic prominence, initial geminates (IGs), and prosodic boundaries in Pattani Malay (PM) against a background of previous analyses claiming that IGs are moraic and trigger a ‘stress shift’ or the linking of a pitch accent to the initial syllable. We conducted an acoustic study with fourteen PM speakers, producing singleton–IG minimal pairs in naturalistic sentences. Our results show that the presence of IGs is not associated with the hypothesized phonological changes. Instead, it is associated with moderate increases in the duration of initial syllables, the intensity of the initial syllable vowels, and the f0 of the initial and final syllable vowels. On the other hand, the presence of a phrase-final prosodic boundary correlates with more drastic changes: in phrase-final position, final syllables exhibit final lengthening and falling contours of f0 and intensity, while, in the phrase-medial position, no lengthening is observed and f0 contours are rising. Furthermore, the effects of IGs are strongest in the phrase-final position, suggesting interactions between IGs and prosodic boundaries. Taken together, results cast doubts on the claim that IGs are moraic and associated with categorical differences in syllabic prominence profiles in PM and show that IG effects are modulated by prosodic boundaries.
Crossed wires: Understanding policy feedback in varying policy environments
Authors: Torres Rachel , Yao Jielu , Maltby Elizabeth , Rocha Rene , Udani Adriano 
Published: November 2023

AbstractPrevious scholarship has shown that experience with public policies can affect citizens’ willingness to participate in politics. However, few studies have examined whether the effect of experience with policy is moderated by existing policy environments. We focus on the impact of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) and examine how it affects foreign-born Latinos’ political orientation and behavior. We find a relationship between enrollment in DACA and political orientation and that the effect on participation is moderated by the intensity of enforcement in an immigrant’s county of residence.
Disentangling the trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and partnership problems in the transition to parenthood and their impact on child adjustment difficulties
Authors: Ray J. K. , Stürmlinger L. L. , von Krause M. , Lux U. , Zietlow A.-L. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMaternal perinatal depression (PND) and partnership problems have been identified to influence the development of later child adjustment difficulties. However, PND and partnership problems are closely linked which makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the exact transmission pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate to what extent PND symptoms and partnership problems influence each other longitudinally and to examine the influence of their trajectories on child adjustment difficulties at the age of three. Analyses were based on publicly available data from the German family panel “pairfam”. N = 354 mothers were surveyed on depressive symptoms and partnership problems annually from pregnancy (T0) until child age three (T4). Child adjustment difficulties were assessed at age three. Results of latent change score modeling showed that partnership problems predicted change in PND symptoms at T0 and T3 while PND symptoms did not predict change in partnership problems. Child adjustment difficulties at age three were predicted by PND symptoms, but not by partnership problems. Partnership problems predicted externalizing, but not internalizing symptoms. Results underline the effects of family factors for the development of child adjustment difficulties and emphasize the importance of early interventions from pregnancy onwards
An Introduction to Patents for Legal Information Professionals
Authors: Hanratty Niamh 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLegal information professionals can play a vital role when it comes to patents, whether that's through undertaking research to assist in infringement cases or by assisting in providing due diligence information by conducting searches to identify a company's patent portfolio. But those doing patent research need to know how to identify patents, how to determine their status and how to investigate the litigation history of patents. Niamh Hanratty, of Bird & Bird, explains how all this is done.
Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling During High‐Intensity Long‐Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA)
Authors: Milan S. E. , Mooney M. K. , Bower G. , Fleetham A. L. , Vines S. K. , Gjerloev J. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractHigh‐Intensity Long‐Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) intervals are driven by High Speed solar wind Streams (HSSs) during which the rapidly‐varying interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) produces high but intermittent dayside reconnection rates. This results in several days of large, quasi‐periodic enhancements in the auroral electrojet (AE) index. There has been debate over whether the enhancements in AE are produced by substorms or whether HILDCAAs represent a distinct class of magnetospheric dynamics. We investigate 16 HILDCAA events using the expanding/contracting polar cap model as a framework to understand the magnetospheric dynamics occurring during HSSs. Each HILDCAA onset shows variations in open magnetic flux, dayside and nightside reconnection rates, the cross‐polar cap potential, and AL that are characteristic of substorms. The enhancements in AE are produced by activity in the pre‐midnight sector, which is the typical substorm onset region. The periodicities present in the intermittent IMF determine the exact nature of the activity, producing a range of behaviors from a sequence of isolated substorms, through substorms which merge into one‐another, to almost continuous geomagnetic activity. The magnitude of magnetic fluctuations, dB/dt, in the pre‐midnight sector during HSSs is sufficient to produce a significant risk of Geomagnetically Induced Currents.
Constraining Changes in Surface Dust Thickness on Mars Using Diurnal Surface Temperature Observations From EMIRS
Authors: Wolfe Chris A. , Edwards Christopher S. , Smith Michael D. , Christensen Philip R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractDiurnal surface temperature data collected from the Emirates Mars Infrared Spectrometer have been used to characterize dust redistribution on Mars following a regional dust storm in January 2022. A comparative temporal analysis is conducted pre‐ and post‐dust storm to estimate net changes in surface dust thickness at Syrtis Major, Isidis Planitia, Tyrrhena Terra, Hesperian Planum, and Elysium Planitia. By leveraging data from a numerical thermal model, we relate differences in observed surface temperature to changes in the thickness of the surface dust layer. We describe the methodology for estimating net changes in surface dust thickness, including a description of the thermophysical model employed, provide a sensitivity analysis with respect to local time and surface properties, and discuss the implications of our findings. Surface temperature differences suggest both dust deposition and removal, with some regions experiencing a net removal as high as 340 μm, while other regions experienced net deposition reaching up to 120 μm. Visible‐wavelength imagery from the Emirates Exploration Imager, which is more sensitive to changes in surface dust distribution, is incorporated in our analysis to provide additional context. When the area of each region of interest is accounted for, we find that the dust storm had the potential to remove and/or deposit more than 1.51 × 109 and 1.20 × 109 kg, respectively, suggesting that dust reservoirs are capable of transporting vast quantities of dust over short timescales.
Insight Into Geological Evolution of the Mesosiderite Parent Body From Olivine Alteration and Merrillite Pb‐Pb Age in Dong Ujimqin Qi
Authors: Chen Jingyou , Wang Ying , Zhang Ai‐Cheng , Liao Shiyong , Li Shaolin , Beard Sky , Zhu Meng‐Hua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMesosiderites are thought to be created by a catastrophic impact that mixes the silicate crust with the metallic core of a differentiated asteroid(s). The metal‐silicate mixing event greatly affects the subsequent geological evolution of the mesosiderite parent body. To gain a better understanding of this mixing event, we carried out studies on olivine alteration and merrillite Pb‐Pb thermochronology in the Dong Ujimqin Qi mesosiderite. The primary olivine in this meteorite has been altered through sulfidation reactions, leading to the formation of troilite‐orthopyroxene intergrowths. This alteration likely took place during metal‐silicate mixing, as the mixing environment can provide favorable chemical and thermal conditions for this reaction. Phosphate‐chromite veins crosscutting the troilite‐orthopyroxene intergrowths indicate a secondary alteration process likely induced by subsequent impacts. Additionally, the metal‐silicate mixing event likely contributed to the occurrence of abundant merrillites at the boundary between silicates and Fe‐Ni metals, as supported by the distinctly depleted incompatible elements resulting from the redox reaction between metals and adjacent silicates. The ion microprobe analyses for these merrillites yielded a Pb‐Pb age of 4,064 ± 120 Ma, which is interpreted as the record of the Pb isotopic closure of merrillite during prolonged cooling associated with the deep burial. Our two‐stage cooling model suggests that the mesosiderite parent body's burial potentially started around 4.52 Ga, which is consistent with the Sm‐Nd, Ar‐Ar, and Pb‐Pb thermochronological records in mesosiderites.
eIF4E phosphorylation mediated LPS induced depressive-like behaviors via ameliorated neuroinflammation and dendritic loss
Authors: Gong Qichao , Li Weifen , Ali Tahir , Hu Yue , Mou Shengnan , Liu Zizhen , Zheng Chengyou , Gao Ruyan , Li Axiang , Li Tao , Li Ningning , Yu Zhijian , Li Shupeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe translational defect has emerged as a common feature of neurological disorders. Studies have suggested that alterations between opposing and balanced synaptic protein synthesis and turnover processes could lead to synaptic abnormalities, followed by depressive symptoms. Further studies link this phenomenon with eIF4E and TrkB/BDNF signaling. However, the interplay between the eIF4E and TrkB/BDNF signaling in the presence of neuroinflammation is yet to be explored. To illuminate the role of eIF4E activities within LPS-induced neuroinflammation and depression symptomology, we applied animal behavioral, biochemical, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, we sought to determine whether eIF4E dysregulated activities correlate with synaptic protein loss via the TrkB/BDNF pathway. Our results showed that LPS administration induced depressive-like behaviors, accompanied by neuroinflammation, reduced spine numbers, and synaptic protein dysregulation. Concurrently, LPS treatment enhanced eIF4E phosphorylation and TrkB/BDNF signaling defects. However, eFT508 treatment rescued the LPS-elicited neuroinflammation and depressive behaviors, as well as altered eIF4E phosphorylation, synaptic protein expression, and TrkB/BDNF signaling. The causal relation of eIF4E with BDNF signaling was further explored with TrkB antagonist K252a, which could reverse the effects of eFT508, validating the interplay between the eIF4E and TrkB/BDNF signaling in regulating depressive behaviors associated with neuroinflammation via synaptic protein translational regulation. In conclusion, our results support the involvement of eIF4E-associated translational dysregulation in synaptic protein loss via TrkB/BDNF signaling, eventually leading to depressiven-like behaviors upon inflammation-linked stress.