bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating sarcopenia in COVID‐19 patients and survivors: Understanding the long‐term consequences, transitioning from hospital to community with mechanisms and interventions for future preparedness
Authors: Shadmand Foumani Moghadam Mohammad Reza , Vaezi Amirmohammad , Jandari Sajedeh , Araste Asie , Rezvani Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused widespread devastation, with millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Although there were efforts made to develop treatments and vaccines for COVID‐19, the coexistence of sarcopenia, a muscle disorder, has been largely overlooked. It is while new variants of this disease (eg, BA.2.86) are challenging the current protocols. Sarcopenia is associated with increased mortality and disability, and shares common mechanisms with COVID‐19, such as inflammation, hormonal changes, and malnutrition. This can worsen the effects of both conditions. Furthermore, survived patients with COVID‐19 who have elevated risk, as well as aging, which increases the process of sarcopenia. Therefore, addressing sarcopenia in patients with COVID‐19 and surviving individuals can be crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long‐term disability. During hospital stays, assessing sarcopenia through indicators like muscle wasting and malnutrition is important. Nutritional interventions, such as malnutrition screening and enteral feeding, play a critical role in preventing sarcopenia in hospitals. Mental health and physical activity evaluations and interventions are also necessary. Even after recovering from COVID‐19, there is a risk of developing sarcopenia, requiring continued monitoring. Nutrition and physical activity considerations are vital for prevention and management, necessitating tailored training programs and diet therapy. Mental health should not be overlooked, with regular screening, and community‐based interventions. Infrastructure should support physical activity, and mental health services must become more accessible. Community engagement through support groups and peer networks can foster resilience and social connection. Efforts are needed to promote healthy diets and ensure access to nutritious foods.
US consumer preferences and attitudes toward seaweed and value‐added products
Authors: Zheng Qiujie , Davis Christopher V. , Noll Anne Langston , Bernier Raymond , Labbe Randy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFood reformulation and the introduction of novel sources of nutrition are considered potential strategies to address poor nutrition and public health issues. Seaweed, a novel food in Western cuisine, is gaining popularity, and seaweed farming in the United States is an emerging and fast‐growing aquaculture segment. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of US consumers' preferences and attitudes toward seaweed and value‐added seaweed products. Specifically, the study focuses on two distinct consumer groups: those who consume seaweed and those who do not. It includes separate analyses for each group to compare their attitudes and examine the characteristics and factors affecting their attitudes. This paper summarizes the different characteristics of seaweed consumers and nonconsumers. The results show that the seaweed consumers' knowledge of seaweed and perceptions of seaweed quality, price, and availability positively affect their intentions to try a new product flavored with seaweed. Nonconsumers have unique reasons for not consuming seaweed, several of which are associated with their intentions to try a new seaweed product [EconLit Citations: D12, Q13].
Ru‐supported Cu nanowire catalyst enabling to suppress C–C coupling for high‐selectivity ethylamine electrosynthesis
Authors: Xing Dong , Dong Lei , Qi Yanbin , Ge Wangxin , Jiang Xiaoli , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Wenfei , Tian Pengfei , Jiang Hongliang , Li Chunzhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical acetonitrile hydrogenation compared with thermocatalytic hydrogenation provides a potential route to produce ethylamine in mild conditions. It is challenging to suppress the C–C coupling for improving ethylamine selectivity. Here, Ru‐supported Cu nanowire catalysts (Ru‐Cu NWs) are designed to achieve nearly 100% specific selectivity of ethylamine without coupling byproducts. In situ vibrational spectroscopy and electron spin resonance results reveal that the Ru‐Cu NWs provide a high active adsorption hydrogen (H*) coverage at the electrified interface so that the imine intermediates are more readily hydrogenated to generate ethylamine, thus suppressing the C–C coupling. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the formation of H* occurs more readily over Ru‐Cu NWs than Cu NWs. Moreover, the presence of Ru changes the potential‐determining step and facilitates the entire hydrogenation process. The strategy and understanding established here can be extended to other electrocatalytic hydrogenation reactions.
Simulating the effects of kinship and postmarital residence patterns on mitochondrial DNA diversity in mortuary contexts
Authors: Figueiro Gonzalo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesWe explore the observable outcome in mtDNA diversity of different kinship systems and associated postmarital residence patterns in the archeological record, using simulations at the intrapopulation level.Materials and MethodsFour kinship systems were simulated from a set of variable fertility and mortality scenarios. Initial conditions consisted of six clusters of variable size and a random number of assigned haplotypes, with individuals migrating between groups and reproducing for 15 generations. Each 15‐generation span was simulated 500 times to obtain representative intrasite mtDNA diversity distributions for each kinship system. Additional simulations were devised to consider the effect of migration and different rates of adherence to kinship norms.ResultsMatrilineal kinship generates low male and female haplotype diversities that are statistically indistinguishable from each other, while female diversity in bilateral kinship with matrilocality is significantly lower than that observed in male diversity. Furthermore, mtDNA diversity generated by patrilineal kinship is very high. The effect of noncompliance with kinship rules is low; migration has a considerable impact on diversity, eventually obscuring the effect of kinship practices.DiscussionThe results of the simulations can be applied to ancient mtDNA data from archeological contexts, as exemplified with data from two studies. On a broader scale, the kinship system followed by the sampled population, can lead to either over‐ or underestimation of mtDNA population diversity. The results of the simulations can be used in the design of inferential frameworks to discern kinship scenarios in the archeological record, based on mtDNA and other types of evidence.
Fully automated measurement of plasma Aβ42/40 and p‐tau181: Analytical robustness and concordance with cerebrospinal fluid profile along the Alzheimer's disease continuum in two independent cohorts
Authors: Bellomo Giovanni , Bayoumy Sherif , Megaro Alfredo , Toja Andrea , Nardi Giovanna , Gaetani Lorenzo , Blujdea Elena R. , Paolini Paoletti Federico , Wojdaƚa Anna Lidia , Chiasserini Davide , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Verberk Inge M. W. , Teunissen Charlotte , Parnetti Lucilla 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFor routine clinical implementation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers, fully automated random‐access platforms are crucial to ensure reproducible measurements. We aimed to perform an analytical validation and to establish cutoffs for AD plasma biomarkers measured with Lumipulse.METHODSTwo cohorts were included. UNIPG: n = 450 paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/plasma samples from subjects along the AD‐continuum, subjects affected by other neurodegenerative diseases, and controls with known CSF profile; AMS: n = 40 plasma samples from AD and n = 40 controls. Plasma amyloid β (Aβ)42, Aβ40, and p‐tau181 were measured with Lumipulse. We evaluated analytical and diagnostic performance.RESULTSLumipulse assays showed high analytical performance. Plasma p‐tau181 levels accurately reflected CSF A+/T+ profile in AD‐dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐AD, but not in asymptomatic‐AD. Plasma and CSF Aβ42/40 values were concordant across clinical AD stages. Cutoffs and probability‐based models performed satisfactorily in both cohorts.DISCUSSIONThe identified cutoffs and probability‐based models represent a significant step toward plasma AD molecular diagnosis.
Using blood transcriptome analysis for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and patient stratification
Authors: Zhong Huan , Zhou Xiaopu , Uhm Hyebin , Jiang Yuanbing , Cao Han , Chen Yu , Mak Tiffany T. W. , Lo Ronnie Ming Nok , Wong Bonnie Wing Yan , Cheng Elaine Yee Ling , Mok Kin Y. , Chan Andrew Lung Tat , Kwok Timothy C. Y. , Mok Vincent C. T. , Ip Fanny C. F. , Hardy John , Fu Amy K. Y. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBlood protein biomarkers demonstrate potential for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. Limited studies examine the molecular changes in AD blood cells.METHODSBulk RNA‐sequencing of blood cells was performed on AD patients of Chinese descent (n = 214 and 26 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively) with normal controls (n = 208 and 38 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively). Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and deconvolution analysis identified AD‐associated gene modules and blood cell types. Regression and unsupervised clustering analysis identified AD‐associated genes, gene modules, cell types, and established AD classification models.RESULTSWGCNA on differentially expressed genes revealed 15 gene modules, with 6 accurately classifying AD (areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve [auROCs] > 0.90). These modules stratified AD patients into subgroups with distinct disease states. Cell‐type deconvolution analysis identified specific blood cell types potentially associated with AD pathogenesis.DISCUSSIONThis study highlights the potential of blood transcriptome for AD diagnosis, patient stratification, and mechanistic studies.HighlightsWe comprehensively analyze the blood transcriptomes of a well‐characterized Alzheimer's disease cohort to identify genes, gene modules, pathways, and specific blood cells associated with the disease.Blood transcriptome analysis accurately classifies and stratifies patients with Alzheimer's disease, with some gene modules achieving classification accuracy comparable to that of the plasma ATN biomarkers.Immune‐associated pathways and immune cells, such as neutrophils, have potential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
How donanemab data address the coverage with evidence development questions
Authors: Klein Eric G. , Schroeder Krista , Wessels Alette M. , Phipps Adam , Japha Maureen , Schilling Traci , Zimmer Jennifer A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) established a class‐based National Coverage Determination (NCD) for monoclonal antibodies directed against amyloid for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with patient access through Coverage with Evidence Development (CED) based on three questions. This review, focused on donanemab, answers each of these CED questions with quality evidence. TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ registration trials are presented with supporting literature and real‐world data to answer CED questions for donanemab. TRAILBLAZER‐ALZ registration trials demonstrated that donanemab significantly slowed cognitive and functional decline in amyloid‐positive early symptomatic AD participants, and lowered their risk of disease progression while key safety risks occurred primarily within the first 6 months and then declined. Donanemab meaningfully improved health outcomes with a manageable safety profile in an early symptomatic AD population, representative of Medicare populations across diverse practice settings. The donanemab data provide the necessary level of evidence for CMS to open a reconsideration of their NCD.Highlights
Donanemab meaningfully improved outcomes in trial participants with early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease.
Comorbidities in trial participants were consistent with the Medicare population.
Co‐medications in trial participants were consistent with the Medicare population.
Risks associated with treatment tended to occur in the first 6 months.
Risks of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities were managed with careful observation and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring.
A case of repeated Kounis syndrome after anaphylactic shock: A note for disease management
Authors: Kawaguchi Satoshi , Kuroshima Tatsuki , Namba Ryo , Satou Hiroki , Kashiwagi Riku , Abe Ai , Okada Motoi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundKounis syndrome (KS) is an underdiagnosed disease. The management of the disease remains elusive because of its infrequency.Case PresentationA 78‐year‐old man with anaphylactic shock was admitted to our hospital 2 h after multiple bee stings. After recovering from an anaphylactic reaction, he presented with chest pain with ST elevation. We diagnosed him with KS. After a continuous intravenous infusion of vasodilators, his chest pain and ST elevation improved. However, chest pain with ST‐segment elevation recurred the next day. Coronary angiography revealed severe stenosis in the middle left anterior descending coronary artery, and drug‐eluting stents were implanted. The patient was discharged on foot after treatment for heart failure.ConclusionKS, in which anaphylaxis and acute coronary syndrome occur simultaneously, can recur repeatedly after an initial anaphylactic reaction; however, it could be delayed or it could present simultaneously with the anaphylactic reaction. Therefore, long‐term observation is important.
Supramolecular Genome Editing: Targeted Delivery and Endogenous Activation of CRISPR/Cas9 by Dynamic Host‐Guest Recognition
Authors: Li Bowen , Li Qing , Qi Zidan , Li Zhiyao , Yan Xiaojie , Chen Yuan , Xu Xiaojie , Pan Qi , Chen Yuxuan , Huang Feihe , Ping Yuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe synthesize supramolecular poly(disulfide) (CPS) containing covalently attached cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), which is exploited not only as a carrier to deliver plasmid DNA encoding destabilized Cas9 (dsCas9), but also as a host to include trimethoprim (TMP) by CB[7] moieties through the supramolecular complexation to form TMP@CPS/dsCas9. Once the plasmid is transfected into tumor cells by CPS, the presence of polyamines can competitively trigger the decomplexation of TMP@CPS, thereby displacing and releasing TMP from CB[7] to stabilize dsCas9 that can target and edit the genomic locus of PLK1 to inhibit the growth of tumor cells. Following the systemic administration of TMP@CPS/dsCas9 decorated with hyaluronic acid (HA), tumor‐specific editing of PLK1 is detected due to the elevated polyamines in tumor microenvironment, greatly minimizing off‐target editing in healthy tissues and non‐targeted organs. As the metabolism of polyamines is dysregulated in a wide range of disorders, this study offers a supramolecular approach to precisely control CRISPR/Cas9 functions under particular pathological contexts.
Oxygen‐Activated Boron Nitride for Selective Photocatalytic Coupling of Methanol to Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Liang Jianli , Song Qianqian , Zhang Huabin , Liu Zheyang , Li Yang , Jiang Zhifeng , Lou Xiong Wen (David) , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe controllable photocatalytic C−C coupling of methanol to produce ethylene glycol (EG) is a highly desirable but challenging objective for replacing the current energy‐intensive thermocatalytic process. Here, we develop a metal‐free porous boron nitride catalyst that demonstrates exceptional selectivity in the photocatalytic production of EG from methanol under mild conditions. Comprehensive experiments and calculations are conducted to thoroughly investigate the reaction mechanism, revealing that the OB3 unit in the porous BN plays a critical role in the preferential activation of C−H bond in methanol to form ⋅CH2OH via a concerted proton‐electron transfer mechanism. More prominent energy barriers are observed for the further dehydrogenation of the ⋅CH2OH intermediate on the OB3 unit, inhibiting the formation of some other by‐products during the catalytic process. Additionally, a small downhill energy barrier for the coupling of ⋅CH2OH in the OB3 unit promotes the selective generation of EG. This study provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and can serve as a guide for the design and optimization of photocatalysts for efficient and selective EG production under mild conditions.
Development of Mannosylated Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Cancer Vaccine with High Antigen Presentation Efficiency and Immunomodulatory Capability
Authors: Lei Jiaqi , Qi Shaolong , Yu Xinyang , Gao Xiaomin , Yang Kai , Zhang Xueyan , Cheng Meiqi , Bai Bing , Feng Yunxuan , Lu Meixin , Wang Yangfan , Li Hongjian , Yu Guocan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInsufficient accumulation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs)‐based mRNA vaccines in antigen presenting cells remains a key barrier to eliciting potent antitumor immune responses. Herein, we develop dendritic cells (DCs) targeting LNPs by taking advantage of mannose receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Efficient delivery of mRNA to DCs is achieved in vitro and in vivo utilizing the sweet LNPs (STLNPs‐Man). Intramuscular injection of mRNA vaccine (STLNPs‐Man@mRNAOVA) results in a four‐fold higher uptake by DCs in comparison with commercially used LNPs. Benefiting from its DCs targeting ability, STLNPs‐Man@mRNAOVA significantly promotes the antitumor performances, showing a comparable therapeutic efficacy by using one‐fifth of the injection dosage as the vaccine prepared from normal LNPs, thus remarkably avoiding the side effects brought by conventional mRNA vaccines. More intriguingly, STLNPs‐Man@mRNAOVA exhibits the ability to downregulate the expression of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 on T cells due to the blockade of CD206/CD45 axis, showing brilliant potentials in promoting antitumor efficacy combined with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
Li+ Kationen aktivieren NiFeOOH für die Sauerstoffentwicklung in Natrium‐ und Kaliumhydroxid
Authors: van der Heijden Onno , Eggebeen Jordy J. J. , Trzesniowski Hanna , Deka Nipon , Golnak Ronny , Xiao Jie , van Rijn Maartje , Mom Rik V. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDie Effizienz der Elektrolyse wird durch die träge Sauerstoffentwicklung (OER) verringert. Neben den Katalysatoreigenschaften hängt die elektrokatalytische Aktivität auch von der Interaktion des Elektrokatalysators mit dem Elektrolyten ab. Hier zeigen wir, dass die Zugabe kleiner Mengen Li+ zu eisenfreien NaOH‐ oder KOH‐Elektrolyten NiFeOOH für die OER aktiviert, verglichen mit monokationischen Elektrolyten. Außerdem blieb der aktivierte Zustand erhalten, wenn zu reiner NaOH zurück gewechselt wurde. Wichtig ist, dass wir zeigen, dass der Ursprung der Aktivierung durch Li+‐Kationen in erster Linie nicht‐kinetischer Natur ist, da sich der Beginn der OER für den gemischten Elektrolyten nicht ändert und die Tafelsteigung bei niedriger Stromdichte in beiden Elektrolyten ~30 mV/dec beträgt. Der Anstieg der Tafelsteigung bleibt jedoch bei steigenden Stromdichten in Gegenwart von Li+ geringer. Basierend auf elektrochemischen Quarzkristall‐Mikrowaagen‐ und In situ‐Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie‐Messungen zeigen wir, dass diese Verringerung der nichtkinetischen Effekte auf eine verstärkte Interkalation von Natrium, Wasser und Hydroxid zurückzuführen ist. Diese verstärkte Elektrolytpenetration erleichtert die OER, insbesondere bei höheren Stromdichten und bei erhöhter Katalysatorbeladung. Unsere Arbeit zeigt, dass gemischte Elektrolyte, in denen verschiedene Kationen unterschiedliche Rollen einnehmen können, eine einfache und vielversprechende Strategie zur Verbesserung der OER‐Raten darstellen.
Valence Tautomerism Induced Proton Coupled Electron Transfer:X−H Bond Oxidation with a Dinuclear Au(II) Hydroxide Complex
Authors: Hess Kristopher M. , Leach Isaac F. , Wijtenhorst Lisa , Lee Hangyul , Klein Johannes E. M. N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report the preparation and characterization of the dinuclear AuII hydroxide complex AuII2(L)2(OH)2 (L=N,N′‐bis (2,6‐dimethyl) phenylformamidinate) and study its reactivity towards weak X−H bonds. Through the interplay of kinetic analysis and computational studies, we demonstrate that the oxidation of cyclohexadiene follows a concerted proton‐coupled electron transfer (cPCET) mechanism, a rare type of reactivity for Au complexes. We find that the Au−Au σ‐bond undergoes polarization in the PCET event leading to an adjustment of oxidation levels for both Au centers prior to C(sp3)−H bond cleavage. We thus describe the oxidation event as a valence tautomerism‐induced PCET where the basicity of one reduced Au−OH unit provides a proton acceptor and the second more oxidized Au center serves as an electron acceptor. The coordination of these events allows for unprecedented radical‐type reactivity by a closed shell AuII complex.
Photokatalytische CO2 Reduktion mit CO2‐bindenden Enzymen
Authors: Terholsen Henrik , Huerta‐Zerón Hilario Diego , Möller Christina , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeuartige Konzepte zur Nutzung von Kohlendioxid sind erforderlich, um eine kreislauforientierte Kohlenstoffwirtschaft zu erreichen und Umweltprobleme zu minimieren. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, sind Photo‐, Elektro‐, thermische und Biokatalyse die Schlüsselwerkzeuge, die vorzugsweise in wässrigen Lösungen eingesetzt werden. Dennoch gibt es nur wenige katalytische Systeme, die in Wasser effizient arbeiten. Hier stellen wir eine allgemeine Strategie zur Identifizierung von Enzymen vor, die für die CO2‐Reduktion geeignet sind und zwar auf der Grundlage von Strukturanalysen für potenzielle Kohlendioxid‐Bindungsstellen und anschließenden Mutationen. Wir entdeckten, dass die Phenolsäure‐Decarboxylase aus Bacillus subtilis (BsPAD) die wässrige photokatalytische CO2‐Reduktion in Gegenwart eines Ruthenium‐Photosensibilisators und Natriumascorbat selektiv zu Kohlenmonoxid‐Bildung ermöglicht. Mit modifizierten Varianten von BsPAD wurden TONs von bis zu 978 und Selektivitäten von bis zu 93 % (wobei die gewünschte CO‐ gegenüber der H2‐Erzeugung bevorzugt wurde) erreicht. Durch Mutationen im Bereich des aktiven Zentrums von BsPAD wurden die Umsatzzahlen für die CO‐Erzeugung weiter verbessert. Dabei zeigte sich, dass der Elektronentransfer geschwindigkeitsbegrenzend ist und durch mehrstufiges Tunneln erfolgt. Die Allgemeingültigkeit dieses Ansatzes wurde durch die Verwendung von acht anderen Enzymen bewiesen, die alle die gewünschte Aktivität zeigten, was unterstreicht, dass eine Reihe von Proteinen zur photokatalytischen CO2‐Reduktion in der Lage ist.