bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXI-13 Growth and Onset of Puberty in Replacement Gilts Fed on Ad Libitum Or Restricted Bases Using an Electronic Sow Feeder
Authors: Niblett Richard T , Williams Kimberly A , Cross Marguerite B , Clapp Alexis L , Estienne Mark J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Replacement gilts are typically fed on an ad libitum basis until approximately 135 kg BW at approximately 200 d of age and are bred between 135 and 160 kg BW during their second estrus. The shift to group-housing of the breeding herd makes it difficult to manage animals individually. Thus, utilization of an electronic sow feeder (ESF) enables caretakers to manage animals individually in group-housing situations, by allotting predetermined amounts of feed. The objective was to determine the effect of feeding level on growth and sexual development in gilts. Crossbred gilts, assumed prepubertal, were moved at 150 d of age to an open pen measuring 44.3 m2 located in a curtain-sided building with partially slatted concrete floors and an ESF (ACCUTEAM, Osborne Industries, Osborne, KS). Gilts were acclimated to the ESF during a 10-d period, during which they received feed on an ad libitum basis. At 160 d of age, gilts were randomly assigned to receive feed on either an ad libitum (AD, n = 18) or restricted (2.73 kg/d; RS, n = 19) basis. Estrus detection was performed for 42 d. Feeding level had no effect on age at puberty (P = 0.23). The pubertal estrus length was similar between treatments (P = 0.23); however, AD gilts exhibited a longer second estrus period (P = 0.05) compared with RS gilts (37.6 vs 30.8 h, SE = 3.6). Estrous cycle length was not affected (P = 0.72) by feeding level. There were no effects of feeding level (P = 0.36) or feeding level x day (P = 0.53) on BW; however, there was an effect of day (P &lt; 0.01), indicative of growing gilts. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding level (P &lt; 0.01, 4.25 vs. 2.68 kg/d, SE = 0.05 for AD and RS, respectively), day (P &lt; 0.01) and feeding level x day (P &lt; 0.01). Total station visits were affected by feeding level x day (P = 0.05). Non-feeding visits were affected by feeding level (P &lt; 0.01, 1.0 vs. 3.7, SE = 0.22) and day (P &lt; 0.01) but not feeding level x day (P = 0.20). Feeding visits were affected by feeding level x day (P &lt; 0.01). Data were then normalized to the 20-d period before second estrus. Feed disappearance was affected by feeding level x day (P &lt; 0.01), with feed disappearance decreasing in AD, but not RS, gilts as they approached estrus. During this 20-d period, BW was affected by feeding level x day (P &lt; 0.01), with AD gilts having improved growth compared with RS gilts. In this study, feeding level did not affect age at puberty; however, utilizing an ESF may augment current estrus detection methods by monitoring feeding behavior.
PSXI-9 Investigation to Characterize the Swine Gut Microbiota at Different Growth Stages Using 16s Rrna Gene High-Throughput Sequencing Data
Authors: Cha Jihye , Choi Soyoung , Lim Jin A , Jung Seul a 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The swine gut microbiota is populated by large and diverse bacterial community that play an essential role in pig intestinal development. Therefore, it is important to characterize the composition of swine gut microbiota and determine which factor shape the composition of the gut microbiota. Our objective was to characterize the swine gut microbiota at the different growth stages using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data from gastrointestinal (GI) samples. First, the samples were collected from different GI tract sections (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, fecal) from a total of 36 piglets at early growth [day (d) 0, 21, 42] stages and then stored in liquid nitrogen for further microbiome analysis. DNA was extracted and subjected to sequencing with an Illumina Miseq sequencer targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequences were processed using the QIIME2 software package. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was used to identify growth stage-associated bacterial genera that were enriched within the total GI tract samples. An LDA score (log10) of 4.0 was used as the cutoff for identifying differentially abundant genera. LEfSe analysis revealed total 18 bacterial features that are stage-specific. Among the more notable genera, Lactobacillus and Prevotella was more abundant at the d 0, Romboutsia, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcus at the d 21, Escherichia_shigella, Staphlylococcus, and Turicibacter at the d 42 stage. Our study may provide a foundation for future studies aimed to manipulate the swine gut microbiota for potential health benefits.
p62 bodies: cytosolic zoning by phase separation
Authors: Kurusu Reo , Morishita Hideaki , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cellular zoning or partitioning is critical in preventing macromolecules from random diffusion and orchestrating the spatiotemporal dynamics of biochemical reactions. Along with membranous organelles, membraneless organelles contribute to the precise regulation of biochemical reactions inside cells. In response to environmental cues, membraneless organelles rapidly form through liquid–liquid phase separation, sequester certain proteins and RNAs, mediate specific reactions and dissociate. Among membraneless organelles, ubiquitin-positive condensates, namely, p62 bodies, maintain cellular homeostasis through selective autophagy of themselves to contribute to intracellular quality control. p62 bodies also activate the anti-oxidative stress response regulated by the KEAP1-NRF2 system. In this review, we present an overview of recent advancements in cellular and molecular biology related to p62 bodies, highlighting their dynamic nature and functions.
Pharmacologic Management of Pediatric Burns
Authors: Warren Jontae D , Hughes Kaitlin M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many pediatric patients with burn injuries may be initially treated in a hospital where pediatric specialized care, including resources and trained personnel may be limited. This includes resuscitation in adult emergency departments and inpatient care in mixed adult-pediatric burn units. The intent of this review is to provide a compilation of topics for the adult trained pharmacist or another healthcare practitioner on the management of pediatric patients with burn injuries. This article focuses on several key areas of pharmacologic burn management in the pediatric patient that may differ from the adult patient, including pain and sedation, fluid resuscitation, nutrition support, antimicrobial selection, anticoagulation, and inhalation injury. It is important that all clinicians have resources to help optimize the management of burn injuries in the pediatric population as, in addition to burn injury itself, pediatric patients have different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics affecting which medications are used and how they are dosed. This article highlights several key differences between pediatric and adult patients, providing an additional resource to assist adult-trained pharmacists or other healthcare practitioners with making clinical decisions in the pediatric burn population.
Digital disconnection, digital inequality, and subjective well-being: a mobile experience sampling study
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hao , Hargittai Eszter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Drawing on theories of digital media (non-)use and well-being, this study examines how voluntary disconnection relates to subjective well-being and what role digital skills play in this relationship. We rely on mobile experience sampling methods to link nuanced disconnection practices throughout the day (e.g., putting screen devices away and muting notifications) with momentary experiences of well-being. We collected 4,028 responses from 105 mobile media users over the course of one week. Multilevel regression analyses revealed neither significant within-person effects of disconnection on affective well-being, social connectedness, or life satisfaction, nor a significant moderation effect of digital skills. Exploratory analyses, however, show that effects of disconnection on well-being vary greatly across participants, and that effects are dependent on whether one disconnects in the physical copresence of others. Our study offers a refined perspective on the consequences, or lack thereof, of deliberate non-use of technology in the digital age.
Symptom severity and trajectories among adolescent and young adult patients with cancer
Authors: Harper Andrew , Maseja Nicole , Parkinson Reilly , Pakseresht Mohammadreza , McKillop Sarah , Henning Jan-Willem , Watson Linda , Cuthbert Colleen , Cheung Winson , Fidler-Benaoudia Miranda M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Patients with cancer experience significant symptom burden. We investigated symptom severity in adolescents and young adults (18- to 39-year-olds) during the year following a cancer diagnosis and made comparisons with older adult (those older than 40 years of age) patients with cancer.

Methods
All Albertan residents diagnosed with a first primary neoplasm at 18 years of age or older between April 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019, and who completed at least 1 electronic patient-reported outcome questionnaire were included. Symptom severity was assessed using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-revised. Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic modeling, and mixed logistic regression modeling were used to describe symptom severity, identify risk factors, and assess symptom trajectories, respectively.

Results
In total, 473 and 322 adolescents and young adults completed a patient-reported outcomes questionnaire at diagnosis and 1 year after diagnosis, respectively. Adolescent and young adult patients with cancer reported high levels of tiredness, poor well-being, and anxiety. Important risk factors included metastatic disease, female sex, treatment types received, and age at diagnosis. Symptom severity varied by clinical tumor group, with those diagnosed with sarcoma having the worst scores for all symptoms at diagnosis and patients with intrathoracic or endocrine tumors having the worst scores for all symptoms at 1 year after diagnosis. Statistically significant differences in symptom severity over the 1-year period were observed between adolescents and young adults and older adults—specifically, the odds of having moderate to severe symptoms were statistically significantly greater among adolescents and young adults with respect to pain, tiredness, nausea, depression, anxiety, and poor well-being (all P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of adolescents and young adults experience moderate to severe symptoms during the year following diagnosis. Modifying existing supportive services and developing interventions based on the needs of adolescent and young adult patients with cancer could aid symptom control.
A phase II clinical trial of frameless, fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for brain metastases
Authors: Garg Amit K , Hernandez Mike , Schlembach Pamela J , Bowers John R , McAleer Mary F , Brown Paul D , Gopal Ramesh , Wiederhold Lee , Swanson Todd , Shah Shalin J , Li Jing , Ferguson Sherise D , Philip Nancy V , DeGracia Lilybeth , Bloom Elizabeth S , Chun Stephen G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Stereotactic radiation therapy yields high rates of local control for brain metastases, but patients in rural or suburban areas face geographic and socioeconomic barriers to its access. We conducted a phase II clinical trial of frameless, fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy for brain metastases in an integrated academic satellite network for patients 18 years of age or older with 4 or fewer brain metastases. Dose was based on gross tumor volume: less than 3.0 cm, 27 Gy in 3 fractions and 3.0 to 3.9 cm, 30 Gy in 5 fractions. Median follow-up was 10 months for 73 evaluable patients, with a median age of 68 years. Median intracranial progression-free survival was 7.1 months (95% confidence interval = 5.3 to not reached), and median survival was 7.2 months (95% confidence interval = 5.4 to not reached); there were no serious adverse events. Outcomes of this trial compare favorably with contemporary trials, and this treatment strategy provides opportunities to expand stereotactic radiation therapy access to underserved populations.
Black-White disparities in colorectal cancer outcomes: a simulation study of screening benefit
Authors: Rutter Carolyn M , Nascimento de Lima Pedro , Maerzluft Christopher E , May Folasade P , Murphy Caitlin C 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe US Black population has higher colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates and worse CRC survival than the US White population, as well as historically lower rates of CRC screening. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results incidence rate data in people diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 45 years, before routine CRC screening is recommended, were analyzed to estimate temporal changes in CRC risk in Black and White populations. There was a rapid rise in rectal and distal colon cancer incidence in the White population but not the Black population, and little change in proximal colon cancer incidence for both groups. In 2014-2018, CRC incidence per 100 000 was 17.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3 to 19.9) among Black individuals aged 40-44 years and 16.6 (95% CI = 15.6 to 17.6) among White individuals aged 40-44 years; 42.3% of CRCs diagnosed in Black patients were proximal colon cancer, and 41.1% of CRCs diagnosed in White patients were rectal cancer. Analyses used a race-specific microsimulation model to project screening benefits, based on life-years gained and lifetime reduction in CRC incidence, assuming these Black–White differences in CRC risk and location. The projected benefits of screening (via either colonoscopy or fecal immunochemical testing) were greater in the Black population, suggesting that observed Black–White differences in CRC incidence are not driven by differences in risk. Projected screening benefits were sensitive to survival assumptions made for Black populations. Building racial disparities in survival into the model reduced projected screening benefits, which can bias policy decisions.
Opportunities, challenges, and future directions for simulation modeling the effects of structural racism on cancer mortality in the United States: a scoping review
Authors: Jayasekera Jinani , El Kefi Safa , Fernandez Jessica R , Wojcik Kaitlyn M , Woo Jennifer M P , Ezeani Adaora , Ish Jennifer L , Bhattacharya Manami , Ogunsina Kemi , Chang Che-Jung , Cohen Camryn M , Ponce Stephanie , Kamil Dalya , Zhang Julia , Le Randy , Ramanathan Amrita L , Butera Gisela , Chapman Christina , Grant Shakira J , Lewis-Thames Marquita W , Dash Chiranjeev , Bethea Traci N , Forde Allana T 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Structural racism could contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality via its broad effects on housing, economic opportunities, and health care. However, there has been limited focus on incorporating structural racism into simulation models designed to identify practice and policy strategies to support health equity. We reviewed studies evaluating structural racism and cancer mortality disparities to highlight opportunities, challenges, and future directions to capture this broad concept in simulation modeling research.

Methods
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Articles published between 2018 and 2023 were searched including terms related to race, ethnicity, cancer-specific and all-cause mortality, and structural racism. We included studies evaluating the effects of structural racism on racial and ethnic disparities in cancer mortality in the United States.

Results
A total of 8345 articles were identified, and 183 articles were included. Studies used different measures, data sources, and methods. For example, in 20 studies, racial residential segregation, one component of structural racism, was measured by indices of dissimilarity, concentration at the extremes, redlining, or isolation. Data sources included cancer registries, claims, or institutional data linked to area-level metrics from the US census or historical mortgage data. Segregation was associated with worse survival. Nine studies were location specific, and the segregation measures were developed for Black, Hispanic, and White residents.

Conclusions
A range of measures and data sources are available to capture the effects of structural racism. We provide a set of recommendations for best practices for modelers to consider when incorporating the effects of structural racism into simulation models.
Population simulation modeling of disparities in US breast cancer mortality
Authors: Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Schechter Clyde B , Stout Natasha K , Huang Hui , Stein Sarah , Hunter Chapman Christina , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Jayasekera Jinani , Gangnon Ronald E , Hampton John M , Abraham Linn , O’Meara Ellen S , Sheppard Vanessa B , Lee Sandra J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Populations of African American or Black women have persistently higher breast cancer mortality than the overall US population, despite having slightly lower age-adjusted incidence.

Methods
Three Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network simulation teams modeled cancer mortality disparities between Black female populations and the overall US population. Model inputs used racial group–specific data from clinical trials, national registries, nationally representative surveys, and observational studies. Analyses began with cancer mortality in the overall population and sequentially replaced parameters for Black populations to quantify the percentage of modeled breast cancer morality disparities attributable to differences in demographics, incidence, access to screening and treatment, and variation in tumor biology and response to therapy.

Results
Results were similar across the 3 models. In 2019, racial differences in incidence and competing mortality accounted for a net ‒1% of mortality disparities, while tumor subtype and stage distributions accounted for a mean of 20% (range across models = 13%-24%), and screening accounted for a mean of 3% (range = 3%-4%) of the modeled mortality disparities. Treatment parameters accounted for the majority of modeled mortality disparities: mean = 17% (range = 16%-19%) for treatment initiation and mean = 61% (range = 57%-63%) for real-world effectiveness.

Conclusion
Our model results suggest that changes in policies that target improvements in treatment access could increase breast cancer equity. The findings also highlight that efforts must extend beyond policies targeting equity in treatment initiation to include high-quality treatment completion. This research will facilitate future modeling to test the effects of different specific policy changes on mortality disparities.
Incidence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt Based on Time in a Deployed Environment
Authors: Hall Andrew , Qureshi Iram , Meyer Eric G , Currier Glenn W , Castaneda Rebecca , Cardin Sylvain 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Knowing when suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempt (SA) is most likely to occur in a deployed environment would aid in focusing prevention efforts. This study aims to determine when evacuation for SA and SI is most likely to occur based on the absolute and relative number of months in a deployed setting.

Materials and Methods
This is a case–control study of active-duty military personnel evacuated from the U.S. Central Command area of responsibility for SI or an SA between April 1, 2020, and March 30, 2021. The arrival month and expected departure month were identified for all the included evacuees. The month of evacuation and proportion of completed deployment were compared. Secondary outcomes of mental health diagnosis or need for a waiver was also examined.

Results
A total of 138 personnel evacuated for SI or attempted suicide during the 12-month study period were included in the analysis. Evacuations occurring during month 3 of deployment were significantly higher (P &lt; .0001) than those during other months. The 30% and 50% completion point of deployment had statistically higher frequencies of evacuations for SI/SA (&lt;.0001). A secondary analysis revealed that 25.4% of the individuals had a documented preexisting behavioral health condition before deployment (P &lt; .0001).

Conclusion
Specific points along a deployment timeline were significant predictors for being evacuated for SI and SA.
Portable Single-Exposure Dual-Energy X-ray Detector for Improved Point-of-Care Diagnostic Imaging
Authors: Karim Karim S , Tilley II Steven 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dual-energy subtraction (DES) imaging is well known to reduce anatomical noise and enable material classification. The current approaches to DES imaging have trade-offs, such as motion artifacts, low sensitivity because of losses in a mid-filter, and lack of portability. Recently, a portable triple-layer flat-panel detector (FPD) was proposed for use in single-shot DES imaging that can provide improved sensitivity and removal of motion artifacts in a point-of-care setting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of such a detector. Various image quality metrics and clinical images are provided.

Materials and Methods
An FDA-cleared single-exposure DES FPD consisting of three stacked sensors was used for all measurements. This detector generates three images per exposure: A digital radiography (DR) image, i.e., as would be produced with a conventional detector, and two DES images, bone and soft tissue. To evaluate DR image quality, detective quantum efficiency (DQE) and modulation transfer function were measured for multiple radiation quality beams. Digital radiography and DES images obtained from this FPD were evaluated in previously reported fixed and portable clinical studies. Digital radiography and DES images from case studies are presented for qualitative assessment.

Results
Modulation transfer function and DQE were measured across multiple radiation quality beams for the DR image. The DES images showed good tissue separation and uniformity with no visible motion or alignment artifacts. The DES images, when read in conjunction with the DR image, resulted in increased reader confidence and revealed abnormalities or details that were sometimes overlooked in the DR image.

Conclusions
The proposed panel produces high-quality DR images as indicated by the DQE and modulation transfer function. The DES images have been shown to improve sensitivity in clinical applications and increase reader confidence. This detector can enable DES in portable or otherwise difficult applications, opening new doors for improved patient care.