bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Striga as a Constraint to Cereal Production in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Role of Host Plant Resistance
Authors: Rich Patrick J. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview on the biology of the parasitic weeds of the genus Striga, specifically S. asiatica and S. hermonthica, and their impact on three cereal staples of sub-Saharan Africa, maize, rice and sorghum. Host plant resistance to Striga mitigates the yield losses to these crops. Improvement of Striga resistance in these three crops is discussed including the possibility of expanding resistance sources through mutagenesis.
Anther Culture of Rice for Haploidy Induction and Accelerated Development of Striga Resistant Germplasm
Authors: Şen Ayşe , Beşer Necmi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDoubled haploidy is the fastest way of achieving completely homozygous plants in one generation. It shortens the time required for the development of mutant varieties allowing rapid response against threats to sustainable food production caused by changing climate and stresses due to emerging pests like Striga. In this chapter, we describe step-by-step protocols to obtain doubled haploid rice with fixed novel mutant variants by anther culture from gamma ray irradiated M1 populations to accelerate mutation breeding for resistance to Striga in rice.
Histological Analysis of Striga Infected Plants
Authors: Muttaqin Mafrikhul , Cui Songkui , Yoshida Satoko 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPost-attachment resistance can be verified by observing the infection and growth rates of Striga attached to host roots. These protocols explain how to infect Striga hermonthica on host roots using rhizotron chambers, a semi-in vitro system that allows one to observe Striga infection without disturbing the host's roots. Sectioning parasitic attachments and subsequent histological methods are also described, which allow closer investigations of the extent to which the Striga haustoria penetrate host tissues. Such observations can reveal whether any mechanical resistance exists in the host. These histological methods help further characterize resistance mechanisms in rice or sorghum.
Unterstützung für Familien mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil
Authors: Bienioschek Stefanie , Nolkemper Daria , Schroth Jennifer , Behr Joachim , Heinze Martin , Ziegenhain Ute , Schmauss Max , Kölch Michael 
Published: December 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland besteht ein Hilfs- und Versorgungssystem für Familien, das sich aus verschiedenen Sektoren speist und vielfältige Angebote aufweist.

Fragestellung
Erfassung der in Anspruch genommenen Unterstützungsangebote, Ermittlung kindbezogener Faktoren, die mit der Inanspruchnahme in Zusammenhang stehen, sowie der elterlichen Wünsche nach Hilfe.

Material und Methode
Befragung von 160 (teil-)stationär in psychiatrischen Kliniken aufgenommenen Eltern in einem mündlichen Interview mittels standardisierter und teilstandardisierter Fragebögen.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass nichtprofessionelle Hilfe durch Familie und Freunde sowie ambulante Hilfen des fünften Sozialgesetzbuches (SGB V) am meisten in Anspruch genommen werden. Familien, in denen die Kinder als stärker auffällig eingeschätzt werden, nehmen mehr hochschwellige Hilfen in Anspruch als Familien mit Kindern, die weniger auffällig bewertet werden. Regionale Unterschiede gibt es insbesondere bei der Inanspruchnahme hochschwelliger Hilfen aus dem achten Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB VIII).

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass Familien mit einem psychisch erkrankten Elternteil Hilfen erhalten und intensive Hilfen auch gerade bei stärker belasteten Familien ankommen. Jedoch gibt es regionale Unterschiede bei der Inanspruchnahme von und dem Wunsch nach Unterstützung.
Club cell protein (CC16) in serum as an effect marker for small airway epithelial damage caused by diesel exhaust and blasting fumes in potash mining
Authors: Neumann Savo , Casjens Swaantje , Hoffmeyer Frank , Rühle Katrin , Gamrad-Streubel Lisa , Haase Lisa-Marie , Rudolph Katharina K. , Giesen Jörg , Neumann Volker , Taeger Dirk , Pallapies Dirk , Birk Thomas , Brüning Thomas , Bünger Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Objective
The effect marker club cell protein (CC16) is secreted by the epithelium of the small respiratory tract into its lumen and passes into the blood. Increased amounts of CC16 in serum are observed during acute epithelial lung injury due to air pollutants. CC16 in serum was determined as part of this cross-sectional study in underground potash miners on acute and chronic health effects from exposures to diesel exhaust and blasting fumes.

Methods
Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and diesel particulate matter were measured in 672 workers at a German potash mining site on a person-by-person basis over an early shift or midday shift, together with CC16 serum concentrations before and after the respective shift. CC16 concentrations and CC16 shift-differences were evaluated with respect to personal exposure measurements and other quantitative variables by Spearman rank correlation coefficients. CC16 shift-differences were modeled using multiple linear regression. Above-ground workers as reference group were compared to the exposed underground workers.

Results
Serum concentrations of CC16 were influenced by personal characteristics such as age, smoking status, and renal function. Moreover, they showed a circadian rhythm. While no statistically significant effects of work-related exposure on CC16 concentrations were seen in never smokers, such effects were evident in current smokers.

Conclusion
The small airways of current smokers appeared to be vulnerable to the combination of measured work-related exposures and individual exposure to smoking. Therefore, as health protection of smokers exposed to diesel exhaust and blasting fumes, smoking cessation is strongly recommended.
2023 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of nausea and vomiting following multiple-day chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy, and breakthrough nausea and vomiting
Authors: Rapoport Bernardo Leon , Herrstedt Jørn , Snow Rebecca Clark , Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Saito Mitsue , Navari Rudolph M. , Smit Teresa 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This review is an update of the MASCC/ESMO 2015 recommendations for the prophylaxis of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting induced by multiple-day chemotherapy, high-dose chemotherapy, and breakthrough nausea and vomiting.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed from June 1, 2015, through February 1, 2023.

Results
We identified 56 references (16 were duplications or invalid), leaving 40 manuscripts for this search. The panel classified level I evidence (three manuscripts) and level II evidence (14 manuscripts). High-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplant were discussed in four of these manuscripts, and multiple-day chemotherapy treatment in 15. Some manuscripts covered both topics. Additionally, a search for breakthrough nausea and vomiting resulted in 12 “hits.” No new relevant studies were identified.

Conclusions
The recommendations for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplants and patients undergoing multiple-day cisplatin were updated. For patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy for stem cell transplant, a combination of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with dexamethasone and aprepitant is recommended. Olanzapine could be considered part of the antiemetic regimen. Patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin should receive a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist plus dexamethasone plus aprepitant plus olanzapine. For patients experiencing breakthrough nausea and vomiting, the available evidence suggests using a single dose of olanzapine daily for 3 days.
Normal-beta exponential stochastic frontier model: Maximum simulated likelihood approach
Authors: Nigusie Misgan Desale 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the beta exponential distribution as a distribution function of inefficacy score in a stochastic frontier model. The beta exponential distribution is a three-parameter distribution, and it is more flexible than commonly used probability density functions in a stochastic frontier model (SFM). This new model, a “Normal-Beta Exponential SFM”, nests another five SFMs. This paper presents a simulated log-likelihood function and simulated inefficiency estimator of a normal-beta exponential SFM, a closed form log-likelihood function and closed form inefficiency estimator of a normal-weighted exponential SFM, and an empirical study using a normal-beta exponential SFM. In our empirical study, we have used a likelihood ratio test to compare the performance of SFMs and a normal-beta exponential SFM fits the data better than other nested special case SFMs. Furthermore, the empirical result shows that parameters of a normal-beta exponential SFM can be estimated with less standard error or high certainty than a normal-gamma SFM.
Stakeholder Pressures and Decarbonization Strategies in Mittelstand Firms
Authors: Block Jörn H. , Sharma Pramodita , Benz Lena 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis study examines the influence of stakeholder pressures and family ownership on strategic decarbonization choices of German Mittelstand firms. It distinguishes between symbolic strategies focusing on compensating CO2-emissions and substantive strategies directed toward reducing carbon emissions. The relative pressure exerted by internal and external stakeholders on these strategic choices is examined. Data from 443 manufacturing firms reveal that overall stakeholder pressures increase the pursuit of decarbonization strategies. Internal stakeholders pressures are associated with increased reliance on substantive decarbonization strategies both in family-owned and non-family-owned firms. Pressure from external stakeholders are associated with increased reliance on both substantive and symbolic decarbonization strategies only in non-family-owned firms. No effect of external pressures was found in family-owned firms. Implications for theory, management practice, and policy makers are discussed.
Adaptation of Betula pendula Roth., Pinus sylvestris L., and Larix decidua Mill. to environmental stress caused by tailings waste highly contaminated by trace elements
Authors: Świątek Bartłomiej , Kraj Wojciech , Pietrzykowski Marcin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe seedlings of some tree species can successfully develop in areas polluted by heavy metals. Research on such species is important in order to explore the possibility of introducing tree species for the permanent biological stabilization and reclamation of post-flotation tailings, especially after the final recycling of trace metals, but where concentrations remain much higher than in natural soils. To better understand the adaptation and reaction of Betula pendula Roth., Pinus sylvestris L., and Larix decidua Mill. seedlings to heavy metals pollution caused by tailings waste highly contaminated by trace elements: 1) the relationships between the concentration of heavy metals in the soil substrate, the efficiency of heavy metal ions accumulation in plant organs, and the biometric parameters of the seedlings; and 2) the threshold content of heavy metals in the roots above which the plant physiological response is triggered was determined. We assume that there are certain limit concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and fine roots, which depend on the tree species and beyond which the plant responds strongly to stressThe obtained results showed that Betula is a suitable species for the phytostabilization of post-flotation tailings due to its rapid growth rate and production of root biomass. The accumulation of metals in Betula roots was found to be much greater than in Pinus and Larix. Despite the high concentrations of heavy metals in the prepared substrates, there was only a slight transfer of these elements to the aboveground parts of the plant. At high soil concentrations, the heavy metals adversely affected the cellular and physiological processes of plants. In plants growing in such conditions, the activity of the antioxidant system depended both on the species and organ of the plant, as well as on the type and metal concentration.
Measuring magnetic susceptibility of particulate matter collected on filters
Authors: Górka-Kostrubiec Beata , Werner Tomasz , Karasiński Grzegorz 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe magnetic susceptibility (κ) of particulate matter (PM) is a useful tool in estimation concentration of iron-rich particles and provides useful information on the emission sources and pathways of spread of PM in the atmosphere. However, there is currently no established protocol for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of PM collected on filters used in standard monitoring of PM concentration. This paper presents a step-by-step process for collecting PM on filters in automatic samplers and measuring their κ. The procedure outlines requirements for data quality, measurement uncertainty, exposure time and conditions, and the amount of material collected on the filters. The study analyzed a 2-year dataset of magnetic susceptibility measurements by MFK-1 kappabridge (Agico, Czech Republic) for PM10 and PM2.5 collected at two locations, Warsaw and Cracow, in Poland using low-volume PM samplers. By strictly following the procedure for conditioning filters, measuring magnetic susceptibility and mass of PM, the study found that it is possible to obtain repeatable data with good measurement accuracy and acceptable errors. This makes magnetic susceptibility an additional reliable parameter for tracking of emission sources of iron-rich particles. Successful implementation of this magnetic method as a standard procedure for monitoring PM in addition to the PM mass collected on filters could be used to analyze sources of emission of Fe-particles and their contribution to the PM mass, especially in urban and industrial environments.
Coverage, Trends, and Inequalities of Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health Indicators among the Poor and Non-Poor in the Most Populous Cities from 38 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Blumenberg Cauane , Costa Janaina Calu , Ricardo Luiza I. , Jacobs Choolwe , Ferreira Leonardo Z. , Vidaletti Luis Paulo , Wehrmeister Fernando C , Barros Aluisio J. D. , Faye Cheikh , Boerma Ties 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization is likely to be associated with suboptimal access to essential health services. This is especially true in cities from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where urbanization is outpacing improvements in infrastructure. We assessed the current situation in regard to several markers of maternal, newborn, and child health, including indicators of coverage of health interventions (demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods, at least four antenatal care visits (ANC4+), institutional birth, and three doses of DPT vaccine[diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus]) and health status (stunting in children under 5 years, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates) among the poor and non-poor in the most populous cities from 38 SSA countries. We analyzed 136 population-based surveys (year range 2000–2019), contrasting the poorest 40% of households (referred to as poor) with the richest 60% (non-poor). Coverage in the most recent survey was higher for the city non-poor compared to the poor for all interventions in virtually all cities, with the largest median gap observed for ANC4+ (13.5 percentage points higher for the non-poor). Stunting, neonatal, and under-5 mortality rates were higher among the poor (7.6 percentage points, 21.2 and 10.3 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively). The gaps in coverage between the two groups were reducing, except for ANC4, with similar median average annual rate of change in both groups. Similar rates of change were also observed for stunting and the mortality indicators. Continuation of these positive trends is needed to eliminate inequalities in essential health services and child survival in SSA cities.
Multi-objective parameter optimization for stacking and sintering of screen-printed magnetic sheets
Authors: Schmidt Alexander , Wieprecht Nico , Weinrich Tim , Franke Jörg , Kuehl Alexander 
Published: December 2023

AbstractScreen printing enables the production of very thin magnetic sheet laminations in near net shape geometry. This minimizes material waste in production and simultaneously reduces losses during machine operation and in-creases geometric design freedom. The subsequent sintering process step is particularly relevant, since the geometrical and magnetic properties are defined, and relevant process costs are caused by the heat treatment. This paper presents the requirements of the debinding and sintering process for magnetic sheets and identifies relevant influencing factors to achieve defined product specifications in multiple iterations, using design of experiments. It focuses on the influencing factors furnace atmosphere, sintering temperature, holding time and stacking height and their impact on the magnetic and geometric properties of sintered magnetic sheets.
Magnetic Co-doped 1D/2D structured γ-Fe2O3/MoS2 effectively activated peroxymonosulfate for efficient abatement of bisphenol A via both radical and non-radical pathways
Authors: Xu Junge , Wang Dong , Hu Die , Zhang Ziwei , Chen Junhong , Wang Yingmu , Zhang Yifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIron-based catalysts have been widely used to treat refractory organic pollutants in wastewater. In this paper, magnetic Co-γ-Fe2O3 was synthesized by a facile tartaric acid-assisted hydrothermal method, and Co-γ-Fe2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite catalyst was obtained via in situ growth of MoS2 nanosheets on Co-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite catalysts were used to decompose bisphenol A (BPA) by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was shown that only 0.15 g/L catalyst and 0.5 mmol/L PMS degraded 10 mg/L of BPA (99.3% within 10 min) in the pH range of 3–9. PMS was activated due to redox cycling among the pairs Co(III)/Co(II), Fe(III)/Fe(II), and Mo(VI)/Mo(IV). Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that both radical and non-radical pathways were involved in BPA degradation, in which active radical sulfate radical and non-radical singlet oxygen were the main reactive oxygen species. Ten intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry, and three possible BPA degradation pathways were proposed. The toxicity of several degradation intermediates was lower, and Co-γ-Fe2O3/MoS2 exhibited excellent reusability and could be magnetically recovered.
Simple solutions first—energy savings for domestic hot water through flow restrictors
Authors: Cabrera Daniel J. , Njem Njem Hulda , Bertholet Jean-Luc , Patel Martin K. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDomestic hot water production is the second most important energy use in the European residential sector, nowadays accounting for 14% of the sector’s total final energy consumption. Despite its importance, the energy efficiency improvement rates for domestic hot water are lower than for other residential energy services, hence calling for energy-saving measures. One key measure is to install flow restrictors. Their advantages are the low upfront cost, easy installation, and suitability for integration into energy efficiency programs. Focusing on flow restrictors, this paper presents different methods for quantifying the energy savings using ex-ante and ex-post approaches: deemed savings (DES), dedicated measurements (DMs), and monthly and yearly billing analysis (SMBA and ABA). These methods were tested using information based on measurements (water flow, temperatures), historical billing analysis, a survey among inhabitants, and interviews with field experts. While measurements made at individual faucets or showerheads show significant water savings (20% and 33% respectively), energy savings associated with hot water production in the boiler (final energy) are significantly lower (around 10%) but far from being negligible. The main reasons for the difference are thermal losses related to hot water distribution in central heating systems, usages not affected by flow restrictors, and inhabitants removing them. We conclude that flow restrictors offer promising potential for short- to medium-term implementation. Given the simplicity of this solution, we recommend including it systematically in energy efficiency programs, as well as implementing a ban on fixtures with flow rates beyond a predefined level.
Diagnosis and management of mediastinal extragonadal germ cell tumors
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Paffenholz Pia , Pfister David 
Published: December 2023

SummaryExtragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCT) are rare and comprise only 2–3% of all testicular germ cell tumors. The majority of EGCT are located in the mediastinum, followed by the retroperitoneum. Although histologically similar to germ cell tumors (GCT), EGCT have distinct histological patterns which result in a biologically aggressive variant of GCT with the need for interdisciplinary care in highly specialized centers. The majority of mediastinal EGCT harbor teratoma or yolk sac tumor elements. Treatment usually consists of a combination of systemic cytotoxic therapy and aggressive postchemotherapeutic surgery. First-line treatment for extragonadal seminomas and nonseminomas consists of three and four cycles of PEB or PEI, respectively. In patients with significantly elevated markers, a personalized approach based on adequate marker decline can be used, and in poor-risk patients, first-line high-dose chemotherapy might be discussed. Postchemotherapeutic surgery remains an integral part of the multidisciplinary treatment for nonseminomatous EGCT and it is of utmost importance that all residual masses, independent of size and location, are resected completely. Residual masses in seminomatous EGCTs rarely harbor vital cancer and might be followed by serial imaging studies or FDG-PET/CT. The prognosis of nonseminomatous EGCT is poor, with 5‑year overall survival rates of 17%, 60–70%, and 90% for poor, intermediate, and excellent prognosis, respectively. Prognosis for seminomatous EGCT is excellent, with 5‑year overall survival rates of 95% and 88% for good and intermediate prognosis, respectively. Salvage chemotherapy consists of high-dose chemotherapy or targeted therapy in very selected patients.
Sport als middel om sociale kwetsbaarheid te verkleinen: waar zit de kracht?
Authors: Verkooijen Kirsten 
Published: December 2023

SamenvattingSport kan als middel dienen om sociale kwetsbaarheid te verkleinen. Een gangbare redenering is dat mensen in een sportcontext vaardigheden leren die ze vervolgens buiten de sportcontext kunnen inzetten. Deze vaardigheden vormen daarom vaak de kern in onderzoek naar de maatschappelijke impact van sport. De vraag is of een nauwe focus op vaardigheden terecht is. Volgens minder instrumentele visies op persoonlijke ontwikkeling speelt emotie een essentiële rol in de persoonlijke groei. Daarnaast benadrukt de theorie over existentieel leren en salutogenese het belang van niet-instrumentele leerervaringen voor persoonlijke ontwikkeling. Dit vraagt om meer aandacht voor deze processen in sport-als-middelonderzoek.