bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Perioperative Hypothermia and the Duration of Anesthesia on Postoperative Wound Infection Rate in Clean Wounds: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Beal Matthew W. , Brown Dorothy Cimino , Shofer Frances S. 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To determine the effects of hypothermia and duration of anesthesia on the infection rate in clean wounds in dogs and cats.Study Design—Retrospective clinical study.Sample Population—Seven hundred seventy‐seven dogs and cats undergoing clean surgical procedures.Methods—Records of animals prospectively evaluated for postoperative wound infection were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence of perioperative hypothermia. Body temperatures during the perioperative period and the duration of surgery and anesthesia were recorded. Data were analyzed to identify differences between animals with infected and uninfected wounds and multiple logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate the independent contribution of risk factors to the incidence of postoperative wound infection.Results—No statistically significant differences were found in the analysis of temperature data between animals with infected and uninfected wounds. Duration of anesthesia was significantly greater in animals with wound infections (P= .01). Multiple logistic regression modeling identified duration of anesthesia as a risk factor for postoperative wound infection independent of the duration of surgery.Conclusions—In animals with clean surgical wounds, mild perioperative hypothermia is not a significant risk factor for postoperative wound infection. The duration of anesthesia, however, is a significant risk factor independent of the duration of surgery.Clinical Relevance—To decrease the incidence of postoperative wound infection, the duration of anesthesia should be minimized. Surgical time, as well as the time required for ancillary diagnostic tests while under anesthesia should, therefore, be kept to a reasonable minimum.
Tissue Strength and Wound Morphology of the Equine Linea Alba After Ventral Median Celiotomy
Authors: Chism Patricia N. , Latimer Federico G. , Patton C.S. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Blackford James T. 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To evaluate the tensile strength and wound morphology of the equine linea alba at intervals over 6 months after ventral median celiotomy.Study Design—Linea alba tensile strength and wound morphology were determined at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Linea alba samples from 3 unoperated horses were used as controls.AnimalsEighteen adult horses, weighing 400 to 500 kg, 4 to 15 years old.Methods—Tensile strength and thickness of incised linea alba samples collected at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks after ventral median celiotomy were compared with control linea alba samples. Additional samples were subjectively evaluated for wound morphology, notably collagen morphology.Results—Control linea alba had a mean (±SEM) tensile strength of 484.9 ± 58.3 N and was significantly (P≤ .05) stronger than at 2 weeks (87.7 ± 61.4 N) after surgery. The tensile strength of 4‐week (305.8 ± 61.7 N), 8‐week (465.4 ± 56.5 N), and 16‐week (477.8 ± 57.2 N) samples were not significantly different from control linea alba. At 24 weeks, the tensile strength (721.0 ± 57.9 N) was significantly stronger than control. The 2‐, 4‐, and 8‐week samples were significantly thicker than controls, whereas the 16‐ and 24‐week samples were not different from controls. On microscopy, control samples were characterized by dense mature collagen bundles. At 2 weeks, samples consisted primarily of granulation tissue, whereas at 4 weeks, samples had immature collagen fibers that were not formed into bundles, and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks, all samples had abundant mature collagen fibers formed into bundles.Conclusions—At 8 weeks, incised and sutured equine linea alba had a tensile strength comparable with non‐incised linea alba and was characterized by mature collagen.Clinical Relevance—Based on tensile strength and wound morphology, horses that have had an uncomplicated recovery after ventral median celiotomy should be able to return to controlled exercise as early as 60 days after surgery.
In Vitro Cyclic Biomechanical Properties of an Interlocking Equine Tibial Nail
Authors: McDuffee Laurie A. , Stover Susan M. , Taylor Kenneth T. 
Published: April 2004

Objective— To determine cyclic biomechanical properties of gap osteotomized adult equine tibiae stabilized with an equine interlocking nail (EIN).Study Design— In vitro experimental biomechanical investigation.Sample Population— Thirteen adult equine cadaveric tibiae.Methods— Adult equine tibiae with transverse, midshaft, 1‐cm gap osteotomies, stabilized with an equine interlocking nail, underwent cyclic biomechanical testing in vitro under axial compression, 4‐point bending, and torsion. Different specimens were subjected to different load levels that represented estimated in vivo loads at 2 Hz for 740,000 cycles. Fatigue life and gap strain were calculated.Results— Compression and bending, but not torsional, fatigue life were longer than time necessary for bone healing. Compressive, but not bending or torsional, gap strains were small enough to be compatible with fracture healing by primary bone formation. Gap strains for compressive, bending, and torsional loads were compatible with indirect, or secondary, bone formation.Conclusions— Further modification should be made to the equine interlocking nail to increase bending stiffness and torsional fatigue life.Clinical Relevance— The stainless steel equine intramedullary interlocking nail is unlikely to provide appropriate long‐term stability for fracture healing in adult equine tibiae without modifications in the nail design and material.
The Effect of Changing the Mode of Ventilation on the Arterial‐to‐End‐Tidal CO2Difference and Physiological Dead Space in Laterally and Dorsally Recumbent Horses During Halothane Anesthesia
Authors: Teixeira Neto Francisco J. , Luna Stelio P.L. , Massone Flavio , Thomassian Armen , Vargas José L.R. , Junior José R.S. , D'Utra Beatriz B. , Crocci Adalberto José 
Published: April 2004

Objective—To evaluate the effect of changing the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled on the arterial‐to‐end‐tidal CO2difference [P(a‐et)CO2] and physiological dead space (VD(phys)/VT) in laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane‐anesthetized horses.Study Design—Prospective, experimental, nonrandomized trial.AnimalsSeven mixed breed adult horses (1 male and 6 female) weighing 320 ±11 kg.Methods—Horses were anesthetized in 2 positions—right lateral and dorsal recumbency—with a minimum interval of 1 month. Anesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen for 180 minutes. Spontaneous ventilation (SV) was used for 90 minutes followed by 90 minutes of controlled ventilation (CV). The same ventilator settings were used for both laterally and dorsally recumbent horses. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes during anesthesia. End‐tidal CO2(PetCO2) was measured continuously. P(a‐et)CO2and VD(phys)/VTwere calculated. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance for repeated measures over time, followed by Student‐Newman‐Keuls test. Comparison between groups was performed using a pairedttest;P< .05 was considered significant.Results—P(a‐et)CO2and VD(phys)/VTincreased during SV, whereas CV reduced these variables. The variables did not change significantly throughout mechanical ventilation in either group. Dorsally recumbent horses showed greater P(a‐et)CO2and VD(phys)/VTvalues throughout. PaCO2was greater during CV in dorsally positioned horses.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceChanging the mode of ventilation from spontaneous to controlled was effective in reducing P(a‐et)CO2and physiological dead space in both laterally and dorsally recumbent halothane‐anesthetized horses. Dorsal recumbency resulted in greater impairment of effective ventilation. Capnometry has a limited value for accurate estimation of PaCO2in anesthetized horses, although it may be used to evaluate pulmonary function when paired with arterial blood gas analysis.
Endovascular Stent Graft Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in High‐Risk Patients:
Authors: ALLAQABAND SUHAIL , MORTADA MOHAMMAD E. , TUMULURI RAMAGOPAL , KUMAR ASHOK , BAJWA TANVIR K. 
Published: April 2004

Background: Endovascular stent graft (EVG) repair can be a safe alternative to open surgical repair to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) in high‐risk patients. We report our results with EVG repair in such high‐risk patients at our institution.
Objectives: We wanted to show that EVG repair can be performed successfully and with a low complication rate in patients with serious comorbidities.
Methods: All patients prospectively studied underwent EVG repair of AAA from February 2000 to July 2002.
Results: Of the 60 patients studied, 45 (75%) were high‐risk surgical candidates because of associated comorbidities; their aneurysms ranged from 4.5 to 10 cm (mean: 5.7 ± 1.2 cm). Fifty‐nine of 60 patients (98.3%) were treated successfully. Two (3.3%) who underwent surgical intervention for site‐related complications died from postoperative complications. Hospital stay was <48 hours in 46 (77%) patients.
Conclusion: Our preliminary results show that EVG is safe, feasible, and yields excellent technical success even in patients at high risk for complications. Teamwork between interventional cardiologists and vascular surgeons is advised. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:71–79)
Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Previously Considered “Without Option”:
Authors: LOWE HARRAY C. , OESTERLE STEPHEN N. , HE K.L. , MACNEILL B.D. , BURKHOFF DANIEL 
Published: April 2004

Objectives: The present study assesses clinical outcomes in patients from the Potential Angina Class Improvement From Intramyocardial Channels (PACIFIC) trial of percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization (PTMR) who had previously been considered “no‐option,” but who subsequently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for continuing symptoms.
Background: Patients with advanced symptomatic coronary artery disease who are not candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or PCI comprise an important group, for which no established treatment is currently available. These patients have been described as having “no option,” and are currently targeted for various experimental therapies. One such proposed therapy, PTMR, was recently examined in the PACIFIC trial. A subgroup of patients in this trial subsequently underwent PCI, although to initially qualify for the study they had previously been considered as unsuitable for PCI and as having “no option.” The therapeutic benefit of PCI for patients of this type is unknown.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on data obtained from all subjects of the PACIFIC study who underwent PCI within the 12‐month follow‐up period.
Results: Ten subjects originally randomized to PTMR and 11 subjects from the medical treatment group underwent PCI. Most had undergone at least one prior PCI and at least one CABG, and there was a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Despite excellent immediate procedural success, PCI resulted in only modest, statistically nonsignificant increases in mean exercise duration, small improvements in angina status, and no significant improvements in quality of life.
Conclusions: These data suggest that PCI provides only marginal—if any—symptomatic benefit in these patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2004;17:87–91)
Pretreatment attrition and dropout in an outpatient clinic for anxiety disorders
Authors: Issakidis C. , Andrews G. 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  Treatment attrition represents a considerable problem for efficient delivery of care for mental disorders. The present study examined rates and predictors of pretreatment attrition and dropout from outpatient treatment for anxiety disorders.Method:  The influence of clinical, demographic, clinician and system variables on pretreatment attrition (treatment refusal or non‐attendance) and dropout were analysed in a consecutive sample of 731 clients treated at an anxiety disorders clinic in Sydney.Results:  Pretreatment attrition was common (30.4%) but dropout once clients had commenced treatment was rare (10.3%). Milder pretreatment symptoms were associated with treatment dropout and comorbid depression or depressive symptoms were associated with higher probability of both pretreatment attrition and dropout. Demographic, clinician and system influences were present but less important.Conclusion:  Targeting of individuals with comorbid anxiety and depression may reduce treatment attrition rates among individuals with anxiety disorders presenting for treatment.
Attachment security and parental bonding in adults with obsessive‐compulsive disorder: a comparison with depressed out‐patients and healthy controls
Authors: Myhr G. , Sookman D. , Pinard G. 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  This study examines concurrent associations of attachment security, psychopathology and recollections of early parental interactions, in adults with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, and in healthy controls.Method:  Thirty‐six out‐patients with OCD, 16 depressed out‐patients and 26 controls were asked to fill out the Revised Adult Attachment Scale and the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).Results:  OCD and depressed groups were more insecure than controls. The depressed group recalled less caring mothers than the OCD group, while the OCD group was indistinguishable from controls on PBI measures. Married status was associated with greater security, but also with recollections of greater parental control, and lower maternal care.Conclusion:  OCD and depressed groups demonstrated greater attachment insecurity than controls. No clear relationship emerged between security and PBI recollections. The PBI may not measure aspects of early interactions essential for later attachment security, or recollections may be biased according to diagnosis or attachment style.
Novel antipsychotics in bipolar and schizoaffective mania
Authors: Mensink G. J. R. , Slooff C. J. 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  Novel antipsychotics are increasingly used in the treatment of bipolar and schizoaffective mania. This paper presents an overview of the controlled studies in this field.Method:  Using cross‐references, a computerized search was performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE psychiatry covering the period 1990–2002.Results:  Olanzapine and risperidone, added to mood stabilizers, and olanzapine as monotherapy enjoy the most evidential support in terms of efficacy and side‐effect profile for their use in acute bipolar mania. The use of modern antipsychotics in bipolar prophylaxis and in both the short‐ and long‐term treatment of schizomania has not been widely studied yet.Conclusion:  More controlled trials are still needed comparing modern antipsychotics as monotherapy and adjunctive to mood stabilizers with conventional antipsychotics, lithium, anticonvulsants and with each other in short‐term and, especially, maintenance treatment of (schizo)mania. Partly based on controlled studies, olanzapine, risperidone and other modern antipsychotics could become preferable for these indications.
Mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period: development of a biopsychosocial model
Authors: Ross L. E. , Sellers E. M. , Gilbert Evans S. E. , Romach M. K. 
Published: April 2004

Objective:  Women are vulnerable to mood changes during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We set out to empirically test the hypothesis that biological and psychosocial variables interact to result in this vulnerability.Method:  Using structural equation modeling techniques, we developed an integrative model of perinatal mood changes from clinical, psychosocial, hormone and mood data collected from 150 women in late pregnancy and at 6‐weeks postpartum.Results:  In the prenatal model, biological variables had no direct effect on depressive symptoms. However, they did act indirectly through their significant effects on psychosocial stressors and symptoms of anxiety. The same model did not fit the postpartum data, suggesting that different causal variables may be implicated in postpartum mood.Conclusion:  This model demonstrates the importance of considering both biological and psychosocial variables in complex health conditions such as perinatal mood disorders.
FORMATION OF NOVEL RARE-GAS MOLECULES IN LOW-TEMPERATURE MATRICES
Authors: Gerber R.B. 
Published: April 2004

▪ Abstract  Progress in the study of a new class of chemically bound compounds of noble-gas atoms is reviewed. The focus is on rare-gas molecules of the form HNgY, where Ng is a noble-gas atom and Y is an electronegative group, prepared by photolysis of HY in the rare-gas matrix. Other related types of new molecules of noble-gas atoms are discussed as well. Topics discussed in this review include: (a) The nature of bonding and the energetic stability of the compounds. (b) The vibrational spectroscopy of the molecules, and its role in identification of the species. (c) The mechanism and dynamics of photochemical formation of HNgY in the matrix, and the pathways for thermal and infrared (IR)-induced decomposition. Specifically, attention is given to the issue of “direct” formation following photolysis of HY versus “delayed” formation involving H atom diffusion. (d) Molecules of the lighter rare gases Ar, Ne, and He, focusing on the experimentally prepared HArF and on theoretical predictions suggesting the existence of other molecules. (e) The most-recently discovered photochemically induced insertion compounds of Ng into hydrocarbons, such as HXeCCH. (f) Clusters of HNgY with other molecules. The possible existence of neat aggregates and crystals of HNgY. The reviewed state-of-the-art suggests this field is at an early stage of development with major open questions bearing on the surprising properties of the molecules and on the formation mechanisms. These are part of the challenge for the future.
A Real-Time Eulerian Photochemical Model Forecast System: Overview and Initial Ozone Forecast Performance in the Northeast U.S. Corridor
Authors: McHenry John N. , Ryan William F. , Seaman Nelson L. , Coats Carlie J. , Pudykiewicz Janusz , Arunachalam Sarav , Vukovich Jeffery M. 
Published: April 2004

This article reports on the first implementation of a real-time Eulerian photochemical model f o recast system in the United States. The forecast system consists of a tripartite set of one-way coupled models that run routinely on a parallel micro process or supercomputer. The component models are the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), the Sparse-Matrix Operator Kernel for Emissions (SMOKE) model, and the Multiscale Air Quality Simulation Platform—Real Time (MAQSIPRT) photochemical model. Though the system has been run in real time since the summer of 1998, forecast results obtained during August of 2001 at 15-km grid spacing over New England and the northern mid-Atlantic—conducted as part of an “early start” NOAA air quality forecasting initiative—are described in this article.The development and deployment of a real-time numerical air quality prediction (NAQP) system is technically challenging. MAQSIP-RT contains a full photochemical oxidant gas-phase chemical mechanism together with transport, dry deposition, and sophisticated cloud treatment. To enable the NAQP system to run fast enough to meet operational forecast deadlines, significant work was devoted to data flow design and software engineering of the models and control codes. The result is a turnkey system now in use by a number of agencies concerned with operational ozone forecasting.Results of the chosen episode are compared against three other models/modeling techniques: a traditional statistical model used routinely in the metropolitan Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, area, a set of publicly issued forecasts in the northeastern United States, and the operational Canadian Hemispheric and Regional Ozone and NOx System (CHRONOS) model. For the test period it is shown that the NAQP system performs as well or better than all of these operational approaches. Implications for the impending development of an operational U.S. ozone forecasting capability are discussed in light of these results.
Assessing Outcome in Community Mental Health Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Measures
Authors: Parker Gordon , O'Donnell Maryanne , Hadzi-Pavlovic Dusan , Proberts Miriam 
Published: April 2004

Background: We undertook a twelve-month intervention study for community mental health patients using a number of measures administered at baseline and at twelve months. Overall improvement in that sample allowed for comparative analyses of the key measures in terms of their ability to measure and to predict outcome. Aims: To assess and compare the usefulness of each of the measures in predicting outcome status. Methods: A patient-rated quality of life (QOL) questionnaire, the DSM-III-R Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), the Life Skills Profile (LSP) and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) were compared and evaluated in a sample of seventy-nine patients. Results: The LSP appeared to measure disability only, while the HoNOS and the GAF assessed composite symptoms and general functioning. The HoNOS was identified as the most distinctive predictor of outcome. Conclusions: The utility of the HoNOS as an overall service measure is supported, while properties and likely utility of other measures in outcome studies are detailed.
The Goals and Method of the Andalusian Case Register for Schizophrenia
Authors: Küstner Berta Moreno , Varo Carmen Rosales , Gonzalez Francisco Torres 
Published: April 2004

Background: Psychiatric case registers have been acknowledged as a valuable source of data, a long time ago. However, a growing interest exists in data on service utilization by patients belonging to groups with a related diagnosis to enable adequate planning of health resources. Aims: The aims of the Andalusian Case Register for Schizophrenia are to determine the prevalence of schizophrenia of those cared for by the public network of mental health services and to describe their pattern of care. Methods: Cases included on the Register are those persons resident in South Granada area with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders. The agencies which sent the information to the Register are all the mental health facilities in the catchment area. Conclusions: The Register is a flexible instrument to use for epidemiological research and mental health care planning.
Family Type and Criminal Behaviour of Male Offspring: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Sauvola Anu , Koskinen Outi , Jokelainen Jari , Hakko HelinÄ , JÄRvelin Marjo-Riitta , RÄSÄNEN Pirkko 
Published: April 2004

Background: Unstable family environment during childhood is known to predispose to juvenile delinquency. Aims: This study explored whether childhood family structure is associated with violent behaviour of adult offspring. Methods: We used a large, unselected general population birth cohort ( n = 5589 males) linked with the national crime registers (up to the age of 32 years). The Ministry of Justice provided information on registered offences for all subjects. A logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between family type and criminality (violent and non-violent crimes). Results: We found that single-parent family “at birth” (adj. OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.8-7.0) and “all time” (up to the age of 14 years) (adj. OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.5-10.6) were risk factors for violent offences of an adult offspring. Also parental death (adj. OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.6) and divorce (adj. OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.6-3.7) doubled the risk for violence. Non-violent offences were associated only with parental death and divorce. Conclusions: A single-parent family of origin is strongly associated with later violent criminality of male offspring. Further studies are needed to explore the psychosocial aspects of single-parent family environment which may promote the vulnerability to violent offending in adulthood.