bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unsatisfactory Detection of an in vivo Haemolytic Anti‐Vel by the Gel Test
Authors: Neppert J. , Bartz L. , Clasen C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: A patient experienced a severe haemolytic transfusion reaction. Neither the haemolytic property nor the specificity of the causative antibody had been sufficiently recognised when performing a microcolumn gel test. Materials and Methods: Subsequent to the transfusion reaction, the serological property and specificity of the causative antibody were analysed. Tube and gel test methods were compared, as were various reagent red cell specimens and their constituents. Results: A haemolytic anti‐Vel was detected in the tube test. In contrast, the particular commercial gel test kit used did not reveal the haemolytic property or specificity of the antibody. Our experiments suggest that this was apparently due to the presence of EDTA in the low ionic strength saline solution of the test kit. Conclusion: In rare cases life‐threatening haemolytic activity of an irregular blood group antibody may be undetected by a commercial microcolumn gel test kit in which EDTA is a constituent.
Clinical Evaluation of Transfusion of Prestorage‐Leukoreduced Apheresis Platelets
Authors: Ogawa Y. , Wakana M. , Tanaka K. , Oka K. , Aso H. , Hayashi M. , Seno T. , Ishida T. , Nomura S. , Fukuhara S. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractWith increased use of platelet concentrate (PC) in recent years, adverse reactions to PC transfusion have received much clinical attention. Most of these reactions stem from white blood cells (WBC) contaminating the transfused PC. Several are thought to be preventable by removing WBC before PC storage. Methods: We routinely filtered apheresis PC either during collection or immediately afterwards and monitored various indicators of platelet quality during storage. After transfusion to patients, transfusion efficacy and the type, severity, and frequency of posttransfusion side effects were compared with those of a control group in which PC was filtered at the bedside. Results: Prestorage‐filtered PC contained an average of 3.1±0.7×1011 platelets and 0.9±1.2×106 contaminating leukocytes. Messurement of platelet function and metabolic indicators revealed normal values throughout the storage period. CD62 measurement revealed no undue platelet activation after filtration or during the storage period. Cytokine, histamine, bradykinin, and complement levels showed no significant increase after filtration or during storage. Transfusion efficacy and overall side effect incidence rates were similar for the prestorage‐and bedside‐filtered groups, but reactions of the bedside‐filtered group included serious reactions such as breathing difficulties and shock. No serious reactions were noted in the prestorage‐filtered group. Conclusion: Filtering PC before storage has no adverse effect on PC quality and may reduce the severity of post transfusion side effects.
Prevention of Cytokine Accumulation in Platelets Obtained with the COBE Spectra Apheresis System
Authors: Palmer D. S. , Aye M. T. , Dumont L. , Dumont D. , McCombie N. , Giulivi A. , Rutherford B. , Trudel E. , Hashemi‐Tavoularis S. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions frequently accompany platelet trasfusions and may be due to accumulation of cytokines mediating inflammation during storage of platelet concentrates (PCs). We wished to determine whether PCs collected using the COBE® spectra™ Apheresis System (Version4) were sufficiently leukocyte reduced (LR) to limit cytokine accumulation during storage. Materials and Methods: Cytokine accumulation‐interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐ and release of platelet α‐granule ‐ P‐selectin, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), platelet‐derived growth factor AB (PDGF‐AB), von Willebrand factor (vWf)‐ or dense granule (serotonin) markers were investigated during a 7‐day storage period comparing apheresis‐collected, LR PCs (LR PCs) and random donor platelets prepared from whole blood (WB). Results: Leukocyte counts were reduced 99.95% comparing LR PCs (5.7×105/1) and WB PCs (1.09×109/1). Little or no accumulation of leukocyte‐derived cytoknies was observed in LR PCs during storage in contrast to WB PCs. A reduction in the release of platelet α‐granule proteins, such as P‐selectin, TGF‐β1 and PDGF‐AB, was observed on day 0 for LR PCs compared to WB PCs with little or no difference observed from day 3 to 7. Plasma vWf levels were higher in LR PCs compared to WB PCs on days 0–7. Conclusion: Leukocyte levels in PCs collected with the COBE Spectra Apheresis System are sufficiently low to limit cytokine production during 7 days of storage.
c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA Expression in Activated Cord and Adult Lymphocytes: An Analysis by Northern Hybridization
Authors: DePalma L. , Brown E. , Baker R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: To further analyze the neonatal immune response to an antigenic challenge such as blood transfusion, c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA expression were analyzed in twelve in‐vitro‐stimulated normal cord blood and ten in‐vitro‐stimulated normal adult peripheral blood lymphocyte samples. Materials and Methods: Lymphocyte samples were stimulated by either the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the monoclonal antibody αCD3. Proliferation rate and Northern blot hybridization were employed. Results: Cord lymphocytes revealed a greater proliferation rate with PHA and αCD3 than adult lymphocytes (p=0.0081 and 0.0023, respectively). In addition, Northern blot analysis of cord and adult samples revealed similar maximal increases in c‐fos (99±15 and 126±11%, p=0.0126) and c‐jun (123±9 and 185±38%, p=0.0291) mRNA expression, respectively, as early as 15 min postαCD3 stimulation. Adult lymphocytes showed an equivalent increase in mRNA expression of c‐fos and c‐jun (140±25 and 155±31%) at 30 min post‐PHA stimulation, while cord lymphocyte maximum c‐fos and c‐jun expression (82±6 and 142±12%) occurred at 15 min post‐PHA stimulation (c‐fos, p=0.0354; c‐jun, p=0.0112). Conclusion: Although cord lymphocyte proliferation rates were significantly greater than those of adult lymphocytes following stimulation, lymphocyte activation, as analyzed by c‐fos and c‐jun mRNA expression, appears similar in both cord and adult samples. We conclude that cord lymphocyte activation exhibits an adult‐type profile.
Intrapatient Comparison of an Intermittent and a Continous Flow Cell Separator for the Collection of Progenitor and Stem Cells from the Blood
Authors: Beretta Fabrizio , van den Bosch Sabine , Castelli Damiano , Cavalli Franco , Ghielmini Michele 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Continuous‐flow and intermittent‐flow blood cell separators (CFCS and IFCS) are both used to collect stem cells from the blood to rescue patients undergoing myeloablative treatment for cancer. Materials and Methods: We designed a study to compare the collection efficiency of the two systems. The continous‐flow Cobe Spectra and the intermittent‐flow Haemonetics MCS‐3P were used to collect cells on consecutive days from 9 patients mobilised with G‐CSF with or without chemotherapy. Blood obtained before leukapheresis and the leukapheresis product were analysed for their content of red and white cells, platelets, CD34‐positive cells, GM‐CFC, CFC‐E, and BFU‐E. An extraction ratio was calculated. Results: We found that the CFCS extracted about 4 times more mononuclear cells per unit time, 3 times more CD34‐positive, and 4 times more clonogenic cells than the IFCS. The subject acceptability of the two systems was similar. Conclusion: The CFCS is a more efficient system for stem cell collection. IFCS requires a longer harvesting time for the same result.
Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease and the Risk from Blood or Blood Products
Authors: Will R. G. , Kimberlin R. H. 
Published: December 2004

AbstractThe occurrence of iatrogenic cases of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) and the isolation of infectivity in some laboratory transmission studies in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies raises the possibility that CJD might be accidentally transmissible through blood or blood products. Epidemiological evidence, although not conclusive, does not suggest that classical CJD is transmitted through this route. However, new variant CJD (nvCJD) might pose greater risks of accidental transmission of infection and mechanisms to reduce the theoretical risk are under consideration. The theoretical risks from CJD and nvCJD must be balanced against the establised therapeutic benefits of blood and blood products.
Erythrocytes and Proinflammatory Mediators in Wound Drainage
Authors: Mottl‐Link S. , Russlies M. , Klinger M. , Seyfarth M. , Ascherl R. , Gradinger R. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: Retransfusion of shed blood collected after operation has become popular, but recent reports of side effects led to a search for possible causes. Materials and Methods: In a randomized study of 28 patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, shed blood was collected in Solcotrans, Orth Evac, and ordinary Redon drainage. Osmotic fragility was measured and electron‐microscopic pictures of erythrocytes from selective samples were taken. Serotonin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and histamine were measured with enzymelinked immunosorbent assays. Results: Higher osmotic fragility of erythrocytes collected with Solcotrans appeared to be due to ACD which was used only with that system. Serotonin concentrations did not differ significantly. However, there was a great increase in histamine (Solcotrans 477.7, Orth‐Evac 344.0, Redon drainage 453.1 nmol/ml) and PGE2 (Solcotrans 1,908.3, Orth‐Evac 1,225.0, Redon drainage 2,666.7 μg/ml) in shed blood compared with venous blood (histamine 9.5 nmol/l, PGE2 4.2 μg/ml). Conclusion:Unwashed wound drainage blood collected after operation contains levels of proinflammatory mediators that can account for the reported side effects.
Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro Quality of Apheresis‐Collected RBC Stored for 42 Days
Authors: Holme S. , Dean Elfath M. , Whitley P. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: New technological developments make it possible to collect red blood cells (RBCs) by apheresis, which allows for better product consistency and has the potential for improved RBC quality. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the quality and consistency of units of RBCs collected by apheresis using the MCS+® machine (Haemonetics Corp., Braintree, Mass., USA). Materials and Methods: Two studies were performed. In study 1 (n = 10), using containers and CP2D/AS‐3 solutions from Medsep Corp. (Covina, Calif. USA), one‐unit apheresis RBCs were compared to manually collected RBCs in a random crossover design. In study 2 (n = 12), 6 subjects had one unit collected, while the remaining 6 subjects had two units of RBCs collected with comparison to previously manually collected RBCs from the same donors. Haemonetics containers and solutions were used in study 2. Results: Low RBC volume variability was found for the apheresis collections with a standard deviation of only 6 ml difference between actual and target volumes. Combining the data from the two studies (n = 21 pairs), at 42 days of storage, the apheresis units showed slightly lower hemolysis (0.44±0.26 vs. 0.61±0.50%), lower supernatant potassium levels (50±3 vs. 53±3 mEq/l), and improved tolerance to osmotic shock (47±3 vs. 49±3%) as compared to manual units (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in RBC ATP (3.0±0.6 vs. 2.9±0.5 μmol/g Hb) or in 24‐hour percent recoveries (81±6 for apheresis vs. 81±4% for apheresis red cells). Apheresis RBC quality was not affected by the manufacturer (Haemonetics vs. Medsep) of solutions and containers. Conclusions: RBC units collected by apheresis demonstrated low variability in volume of RBC mass collected, and showed similar RBC properties as compared to manually collected RBCs after processing and after 42 days of storage.
A Stable Reagent System for Screening and Identifying Red Blood Cell Irregular Antibodies: Application to Commercial Antibodies
Authors: Million L. , Pellerin C. , Marchand‐Arvier M. , Vigneron C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Objective: Development of a new solid‐phase system for screening and identifying irregular red cell antibodies. Materials and Methods: Red blood cell membranes were prepared by a semi‐automated procedure in which the hemolysate solution was passed through a hollow‐fiber system. The membranes were fixed to the solid phase (microtiter plates) by centrifugation and incubated with 8% fat‐free milk. Antibodies added to the microtiter plate were detected by antihuman antibodies adsorbed onto yellow latex particles. Results: The system had good sensitivity (titer <1); 97% of anti‐D samples were detected. The detection system was stable for 6 months at 4°C. Conclusion: This stable‐antigen solid‐phase system readily detects and identifies red cell antibodies that are important in transfusion.
Detection of HIV‐1 RNA in Two Consecutive Blood Donations Screened Negative for HIV Antibodies
Authors: Burin des Roziers Nicolas , Coste Joliette , Courouce Anne‐Marie , Bibollet‐Ruche Frédéric , Guillard Alain , Nasr Olivier 
Published: December 2004

Abstract Background and Objectives: An unusual serological pattern of HIV‐1 seroconversion in a blood donor is described. The seroconversion panel was used to investigate the sensitivity of existing screening assays. Materials and Methods: A volunteer blood donor who had given blood 79 times was diagnosed anti‐HIV‐1‐antibody‐positive. The heteroduplex mobility assay identified a subtype B HIV‐1 strain. The frozen plasmas from the last four blood donations had been kept at −30°C. They were thawed and aliquoted for subsequent testing. Results: The last two blood donations contained HIV‐1 RNA, 2,800 copies/ml (October 26) and 170 copies/ml (November 23). Weak anti‐p24 antibodies were detected by Western blot in the October 26 sample, and a clear p24 reactivity along with a faint gp 160 reactivity was oberved on November 23. HIV p24 antigen was undetectable in both samples. Out of 13 screening assays, only 6 gave positive results on the November sample and 7 negative results which were obtained by 1 competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and 6 of the 9 sandwich EIAs. Conclusion: Most sandwich EIAs gave prolonged false‐negative results in the present case. p24 antigen testing was negative and would not have reduced the risk of HIV transmission.
Efficiency of Leukocyte Removal by Filters Made of Superfine Glass Fiber Membranes
Authors: Yuanguo Zou , Qijun Sun , Aihua Li , Fangfang Yao , Zhengfang Hu , Zhen Li , Wenrong Ma 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
To demonstrate the application of leukocyte removal filters made of a new type of filter material – superfine glass fiber – for depleting leukocytes in SAGM red cell suspensions and preventing nonhemolytic transfusion reactions. Materials and Methods: The extent of leukocyte depletion and red cell recovery was based on cell counts. Trace leukocytes were counted in a 50‐μl Nageotte counting chamber or by using a flow cytometer. The chemical stability of the glass fiber membranes was studies by plasma emission spectrometer and by measuring the ion content and weighing nonvolatile matter in water extract. The structural stability of the glass fiber membranes was studied by a micropore‐filter membrane method. Results: Leukocyte removal filters made of superfine glass fiber membranes removed more than 99.0% of leukocytes in SAGM red cell suspensions prepared from 400 ml whole blood. Red cell recovery exceeded 90%, and the total number of residual leukocytes was less than 5 × 106. A water extract of the glass fiber membranes contained only traces of Si4+ and Ca2+ and less than 2 mg/100 ml of nonvolatile matter. No broken or loose fibers were found in the filters. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the web structure of the glass fiber membranes was instrumental in trapping and holding leukocytes. Conclusion: A filter made of glass fiber membranes is effective in leukocyte depletion.
A Very‐High‐Purity von Willebrand Factor Preparation Containing High‐Molecular‐Weight Multimers
Authors: Barington Karina A. , Kærsgaard Per 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
We investigated largescale production of very‐high‐purity von Willebrand factor (vWf) containg high‐molecular‐weight vWf multimers, using chromatography alone. Materials and Methods: Factor VIII (FVIII)‐containing vWf was produced by intial separation of vWf from plasma by gel filtration followed by two ion exchange steps. two virus inactivation steps were incorporated in the process. Results: The process resulted in FVIII‐containing vWf preparations with a mean specific activity of 82 U vWf:collagen‐binding activity per milligram protein (excluding added albumin) and with almost intact vWf multimer distributions. Conclusion: Very‐high purity, double virus‐inactivated vWf preparation containing high molecular weight multimers were obtained on a production scale.
Search for the Sialic Acid‐Independent Receptor on Red Blood Cells for Invasion by Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Soubes Sandrine C. , Reid Marion E. , Kaneko Osamu , Miller Louis H. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:

Plasmodium falciparum uses multiple red blood cell (RBC) receptors and parasite ligands to invade RBCs. One pathway uses a sialic acid‐independent protein or carbohydrate for invasion. The present study searches for this RBC receptor. Materials and Methods: We determined whether antigennegative and null RBCs (including PNH cells that lack all glycosylphosphatidyl inositol‐linked proteins) could be invaded after neuraminidase treatment. We used two P. falcipa clones for the study: one that requires sialic acid for invasion and was an indication of removal of sialic acid and a second clone that can invade neuraminidase‐treated RBCs. Results: All neuraminidase‐treated variant RBCs in this study were invaded. Conclusion: This study indicates that some molecule other than those studied (e.g., a carbohydrate) is the receptor for the sialic acid‐independent pathway. This powerful tool for the identification of receptors for microorganisms should be used more extensively.
Prevalence of GBV C/HGV RNA and GBV C/HGV Antibodies in French Volunteer Blood Donors: Results of a Collaborative Study
Authors: Mercier B. , Barclais A. , Botte C. , Cantalube J.F. , Coste J. , Defer C. , Gautreau C. , Giannoli C. , Halfon P. , Lepot I. , Loiseau P. , Martial J. , Montcharmont P. , Merel P. , Ouzan D. , Ravera N. , Follana J. , Césaire R. , Janot C. , Lemaire J.M. , De Micco P. , Vezon G. , Férec C. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Posttransfusion hepatitis still occurs at an incidence of about 1 in 118,000 for HBV and 1 in 220,000 for HCV. This collaborative study aimed to determine the prevalence of a novel flavivirus, GBVC/HGV, even though its role in transfusion‐associated hepatitis is uncertain. Materials and Methods: GBVC/HGV RNA was detected by PCR using either the Boehringer detection kit or by primers previously described. HGV antibodies were detected by a serological assay from Boehringer. Results: The observed GBVC/HGV RNA frequency was 3.4%. HGV antibodies occurred in 9.5% of donors. Conclusion: In our study, 12.9% of the donors had been in contact with the GBVC/HGV virus.
Decreased Hemolysis and Lipid Peroxidation in Blood during Storage in the Presence of Nicotinic Acid
Authors: Arun P. , Padmakumaran Nair K.G. , Manojkumar V. , Deepadevi K.V. , Lakshmi L.R. , Kurup P.A. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
There is increase in lipid peroxidation with consequent increase in hemolysis when blood is stored in di‐(2‐ethyl hexyl)phthalate (DEHP) plasticized bags. Studies carried out by us and others have indicated the ability of red cells to synthesize NAD+ from added nicotinic acid. Apart from the role of NAD+ in glycolysis, NADPH is required for reduction of oxidized glutathione to its reduced form by glutathione reductase. Reduced glutathione is an important antioxidant, which protects cell membrane from oxidative damage. Reduced glutathione is also involved in the regeneration of vitamin E, another important membrane antioxidant. In view of these, a study was undertaken to find out the effect of addition of nicotinic acid to the citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose‐adenine (CPDA) solution on lipid peroxidation and integrity of red cells when whole blood is stored in DEHP plasticized bags. Materials and Methods: Blood was collected in Penpol blood storage bags (which is a DEHP plasticized bag) in CPDA solution in the presence and absence of nicotinic acid. Various parameters of lipid peroxidation and membrane stability – level of malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated dienes, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, plasma Hb and K+, levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) were studied in the blood samples after various periods. Results: Plasma Hb and K+ concentrations were significantly lower in the presence of added nicotinic acid both after 28 and 42 days. Concentration of MDA and conjugated dienes was lower and the levels of reduced glutathione and vitamin E higher in the presence of nicotinic acid. ATP levels were not significantly different, but 2,3‐DPG levels were higher. pH of the blood was nearer to 7.0 in the presence of nicotinic acid, while leaching out of DEHP into the blood was significantly lower. Conclusion: Inclusion of nicotinic acid in the CPDA solution has a beneficial effect in that (1) it reduces plasma Hb and K+; (2) reduces lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant protection; (3) maintains pH nearer to 7.0, and (4) decreases the leaching out of DEHP into the blood.
Preparation of Leukodepleted Platelet Concentrates from Pooled Buffy Coats: Prestorage Filtration with Autostop™BC
Authors: Pietersz R.N.I. , van der Meer P.F. , Steneker I. , Hinloopen B. , Dekker W.J.A. , van Zanten A.P. , Reesink H.W. 
Published: December 2004

Abstract
Background and Objectives:
Our requirements for leukocyte‐depleted platelet concentrates (LD‐PC) for an adult patient are: platelets >240×109, leukocytes <5×106, volume of 150–400 ml; and at the end of storage a pH between 6.8 and 7.4 and presence of the swirling effect. Our aim was to develop a standardized, semiautomated method for the production of LD‐PC, by pooling of buffy coats (BC), and prestorage leukoreduction by filtration. Materials and Methods: Whole blood was collected in Top and Bottom systems, and separated automatically with the Compomat™ G3 equipment into a red cell concentrate, a plasma and a BC. Subsequently, a pool of 5 BC was made, and 200 g plasma from one of the donors was added. Then, after soft spin centrifugation, the platelet rich plasma was leukocyte depleted by filtration using the Autostop™ BC filter, and stored in a 1,000 ml polyolefin platelet storage bag. Results: BC (n = 60) had a volume of 51±2 ml (mean ± SD) with a hematocrit of 0.44±0.03 I/I and contained 80±5% of the platelets and 74±12% of the leukocytes of the whole blood. Routinely prepared LD‐PC (n = 15,037) contained a median of 341×109 platelets (range 49‐599×109), with only 104/15,037 (0.7%) containing fewer than 240×109 platelets; the median volume was 263 ml (range 134‐373 ml). In 118/917 (13%) LD‐PC leukocytes were observed in the Nageotte hemocytometer, but only twice exceeding 1×106 leukocytes per unit, and none exceeding 5×106 (median <0.6×106; range <0.6‐1.41×106). Storage experiments of the LD‐PC (n = 12) revealed adequate oxygenation and maintenance of pH and swirling effect up to 9 days. Conclusions: This method warrants with 99% confidence that LD‐PC contain more than 240×109 platelets; with 97.5% confidence that 100% of the LD‐PC contain <5×106 leukocytes, and with 95% confidence that more than 99% of the LD‐PC contain fewer than 1×106 leukocytes; these LD‐PC can be stored satisfactorily for up to 9 days.