bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Needs of Recently Diagnosed Cancer Patients in Brazil
Authors: Pinto Renata Novaes , Chaves Ana Cristina , Lourenço Maria Theresa , de Jesus Mari Jair 
Published: May 2005

Objective: The communication and disclosure of medical information to cancer patients has been an important issue in oncology, reflecting changes in the physicians' approach when dealing with the patients' ethical right to receive information. The aim of this study was to assess the general and specific information desired by cancer patients regarding their health conditions and to evaluate minor psychiatric symptoms. Method: Two-hundred and ninety-eight patients were examined at an oncological cancer center in São Paulo, Brazil, using a questionnaire designed to investigate patients' preferences about cancer information and evaluate minor psychiatric symptoms. Result: Ninety-five percent of the patients were interested in obtaining information on their health condition, with regard to whether they had cancer (95%), the chances of recovery (89%), and the side effects during treatment (94%). Younger patients tended to show more interest in obtaining information than the elderly. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire classified 25.8% of the sample as a probable psychiatric case, but no correlation was found between Self-Reporting Questionnaire scores and patients' desires for medical information. Conclusion: The majority of patients wished to be informed about their illness condition, and no correlation was found between psychiatric morbidity and desire for information.
Sex Differences in Intrinsic Reading Motivation and Emotional Reading Experience
Authors: Van Der Bolt Lilian , Tellegen Saskia 
Published: May 2005

This article deals with possible differences between boys and girls in the area of reading involvement. Reading involvement emanates from an intrinsic reading motivation: a need to read for affective gratification. The act of reading can be started intentionally and purposefully in order to attain this form of gratification. Perhaps girls differ from boys concerning the frequency with which they mention motives and reasons for the reading for affective gratification. Children may during reading, in connection with text contact, come in close proximity to emotions of a divergent kind and possibly undergo an emotional experience thereby. Perhaps boys and girls also differ from each other in the extent to which they experience emotions during reading. In exploratory research into intrinsic reading motivation and emotional reading experience over 3000 pupils aged nine to seventeen completed a questionnaire. Girls and boys were divided approximately fifty-fifty. From statistical analysis of the research material it appeared that girls more frequently referred to motives which led to intentional use of books for affective gratification than did boys. More than boys, girls used books in order to find relief from boredom and loneliness, to reduce disagreeable tension, to achieve distraction etcetera. During reading, boys as well as girls experienced a great variety of emotions such as fun, anger, and sadness. Both groups were equally caught up by euphoric (pleasant) emotions such as amusement. However, girls were more open to the experience of dysphoric (unpleasant) emotions while reading, such as grief and anger, with the result that they experienced these emotions more frequently than did boys. Also the “neutral” emotions such as interest and curiosity scored higher with girls than with their peers of the other sex.
An Analysis of the Medical Supply Industries
Authors: Turshen Meredeth 
Published: May 2005

Medical supply industries are dominated by widely diversified multinational companies that produce chemicals, pharmaceuticals, computers, cosmetics, and electronic equipment. Of these products, the most profitable group is prescription drugs. This article contains a description of the general structure of the pharmaceutical industry worldwide and the specific details of drug operations in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is of special interest because of its long-standing and partially successful attempt to regulate drug prices. The government's inability to achieve total control is related to the competitive structure of capitalist economy, to the patent system that grants monopoly privileges to drug firms, and to the duplication of research efforts and waste of resources that push up drug costs. The pharmaceutical industry serves the needs of people poorly in developed countries; its impact on underdeveloped countries is much worse. In the Third World, nascent national companies and small local producers of drugs cannot compete with the huge multinationals; the patent system proves to be an imperfect mechanism for the transfer of medical science and technology; and the high cost of imported drugs determines the amount of health care governments can provide for the population. The multinational corporations are now global enterprises that integrate the production of chemicals for many different uses-drugs for human and animal consumption, fertilizers, pesticides, and food additives. Thus the multinationals affect agricultural production and animal husbandry in underdeveloped countries and thereby nutrition as well as the treatment of disease.
Psychosocial Factors and Recurrent Genital Herpes: A Review of Prediction and Psychiatric Treatment Studies
Authors: Longo David , Koehn Kent 
Published: May 2005

Objective: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the evidence which supports the association between psychosocial factors and genital herpes simplex virus recurrences (HSV), as well as to examine the biological and psychological treatments for disease. Method: Forty-five studies were reviewed from the years 1928 to 1991. Studies were identified via computerized biographic literature search of Psychological Abstracts and Medline. Additional studies were located by inspection of key article reference sections. Studies were included in the review if the sample consisted of recurrent genital herpes sufferers and the design was either correlational or experimental. Cases studies were reviewed if they described HSV psychiatric treatment and provided outcome information. Results: Psychosocial variables are important elements in the prediction, maintenance, and management of recurrent genital herpes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of psychological treatment regimes may be explained via psychoimmunological theory. Conclusions: Psychosocial treatment should be considered as adjunctive therapy for biological treatment of recurrent HSV infections. Future research should address primary prevention of genital herpes and other sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infections.
Psychiatry and Primary Care as Neighbors: From the Promethean Primary Care Physician to Multidisciplinary Clinic
Authors: Paulsen Randall H. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: A successful eight-year experience developing a co-practice model for psychiatry in a primary care practice is described. Methods: The effect on service delivery of specific changes in availability, shared location, and consistency of interdisciplinary relationships are discussed. Results: The following components of successful collaboration were identified: 1) The importance of fiscal organization and leadership factors in creating a successful bridge between psychiatry and primary care. 2) How individual tailoring for the setting (rural vs. urban) affects the collaboration. 3) Adaptations incumbent upon psychiatrists to function well in such settings. 4) The development of a teaching program and training track for medical and psychiatric housestaff in such settings. Conclusions: Making psychiatry accessible at the front line of primary care enhances delivery of care and does not detract from any service.
The Impact of Colonialism on Health and Health Services in Tanzania
Authors: Turshen Meredeth 
Published: May 2005

This article is about the problems of malnutrition and disease in a rural area of an underdeveloped country, Tanzania. The particular way in which health problems were conceptualized during the colonial era, the structure of the medical services established, and the effects of health care on the health status and size of the rural population of Songea District in Tanzania are shown in the article to have been determined by the economic, social, and political requirements of German and British colonial rulers rather than by the health needs of the African population. Colonial economic policy emphasized the production of cash crops for export, whether by African peasant farmers or by European plantation owners. To provide workers for the plantations, a system of labor migration was instituted. Songea District became an area that supplied male workers to other parts of the country, with grave consequences to the health and nutrition of the women and children left behind. Domestic food production was neglected by Africans forced to migrate in search of cash to pay taxes and by those engaged in the cultivation of cash crops. Extensive malnutrition and persistent ill health related to poor diet are thus traced directly to capitalist underdevelopment of the Tanzanian economy and the structural distortions of a dependent relationship between Tanzania and the metropolitan power.
Psychological Distress in Healthy Women with Familial Breast Cancer: Like Mother, like Daughter?
Authors: Baider Lea , Ever-Hadani Pnina , De-Nour Atara Kaplan 
Published: May 2005

Objective: In 1977, the Israel Cancer Association held a one-day conference, on the subject of familial breast cancer, for healthy women with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the psychological distress of a sample of the women who attended. Method: Of the 333 healthy women present at the conference, 230 completed three questionnaires: one on sociodemographic data and the medical history of the first-degree relative(s) (mother and/or sister), and two that measure psychological distress: the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Impact of Events Scale. Sample: The subjects were divided into three categorical groups: those whose mother had breast cancer (group A, N = 176), those whose sister had breast cancer (group B, N = 34), and those whose mother and sister both had the disease (group C, N = 20). In addition, subjects were divided into two groups according to the psychological distress level. Results: Analysis of results (using ANOVA and a Chi square test for categorical variables and both univariate and multivariate procedures for psychological distress assessment) showed elevated levels of distress and persistent intrusive thoughts in all groups, and particularly in group C. Conclusion: There is a need to promote genetic diagnostic and appropriate counseling, notwithstanding the potential risks that genetic counseling poses for such women.
Who Benefits from More Structured Depression Treatment?
Authors: Bush Terry , Rutter Carolyn , Simon Greg , Von Korff Michael , Katon Wayne J. , Walker Edward A. , Lin Elizabeth , Ludman Evette 
Published: May 2005

Objective: This article uses data from two studies that have demonstrated the overall effectiveness of Collaborative Care interventions to evaluate factors associated with poor outcomes overall (general prognostic factors) and factors associated with greater or lesser effects of treatment (differential treatment effects). Methods: Adult primary care patients initiating antidepressant treatment for major depression were randomized to usual care or to Collaborative Care, a structured depression treatment program that included planned, proactive and coordinated care with a health care team and informed, activated patients ( n = 156, mean age = 43, 85% white). Response to treatment was defined as a 50% or greater reduction in depression at four months. Results: High neuroticism and a history of recurrent major depression (3+ episodes) or dysthymia predicted poor outcomes in general. While the magnitude of the intervention effects differed, frequently cited predictors of persistence of depression (age, gender, depression severity, medical and psychiatric comorbidity) were not significantly associated with greater or lesser benefit from Collaborative Care (no differential treatment effects). Results demonstrate the robustness of intervention effects across numerous groups at risk for persistence of depression. Conclusions: These findings suggest that at the time of diagnosis it is not possible to predict who is most likely to benefit from Collaborative Care. Instead, outcomes of treatment should be routinely monitored among depressed patients to ensure optimal response.
The State of Industrial Ill-Health in the United Kingdom
Authors: Clutterbuck R. Charles 
Published: May 2005

Recent health and safety legislation in the United Kingdom comes at a time of economic crisis. The only way of understanding its impact is to look back at the roles of employers, the State, trade unions, workers, and the medical establishment over the past 150 years since the rise of industrial capital. In many ways, issues that were current at the turn of the century—such as the conflict between profits and health, whether to clean up the production process or insulate workers from its hazards, compensation, and employers' liability—are still very much present today, although these issues are often obscured by the notions that there is an identity of interest between management and workers over health and safety and that profits and safety go together. The role of the trade unions in dealing with existing and new hazards of production has historically been ambiguous, yet the need for them to develop an overall policy of prevention has always been obvious. Although they are now part of the governing apparatus, other arms of the State—in particular the civil service—initiate changes in health and safety organization, while trade unions make sure they are enacted. The development of trade-union area health and safety groups represents the most important potential change and may well provide the necessary focus for information and organization to cut through the “concerned” propaganda from management and its safety committees and start the long-awaited cleanup of industry.
One Step Beyond: Tele-Text Processing
Authors: Minniti John C. 
Published: May 2005

In a technically oriented society, scientists and engineers must have up-to-date information available at all times. Because technology is in a constant state of flux, documentation support is often obsolete by the time it is printed. Since the burden of supplying current information rests with technical communicators, it is up to us to explore effective methods of disseminating data before they become obsolete. This article offers one plausible method.
The Student as Consultant
Authors: Rothmel Steven Zachary 
Published: May 2005

The technical writing course has the potential to be one of the most valuable and relevant classes that a student takes, but before his rhetorical skills can improve he must overcome his reluctance to write. The formal technical report, the most challenging and the most rewarding assignment, offers the technical writing teacher a unique opportunity to bring his course to life and to enrich each class member's learning experience. The author has developed an approach to the major report that allows the student to assume the role of a consultant in his field while simultaneously permitting him to feel independent and creative. The inexperienced technical writer must create a realistic situation in which someone would require the technical information he wishes to convey. Placing the student in the role of a consultant makes him more aware of his audience and its needs. This problem-oriented approach effectively increases the writer's liberty to choose an appropriate topic and his responsibility to present it in a coherent and professional manner.
An Idaho Model of Frontier Settlement
Authors: Ostrogorsky Michael 
Published: May 2005

The evolutionary model of westward expansion expounded by Frederick Jackson Turner in 1893 still has adherents among the archaeological community. Although this model may be relevant to an agricultural frontier, such as the Mississippi Valley, settlement of the Rocky Mountain West presents a radically different problem. Based on documentary evidence, a settlement model relevant to the spatially static mining frontier is postulated. Environment played an insignificant role as a determining factor in the society of the mining frontier. More important was the economic correlation to cultural complexity. The model proposed has been corroborated to date by excavation within the Idaho mining frontier.
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Two Case Reports and an Update of the Literature
Authors: Moldavsky Maria , Stein Daniel 
Published: May 2005

Objectives and Methods: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSP) may significantly hamper the normal development of children. Our aim was to describe the first two Israeli children who fit this diagnosis. Results: Case #1 was diagnosed at the age of seven months with failure to thrive, severe recurrent vomiting, and recurrent unexplained fever. Medical tests performed were normal. No improvement was noted following prolonged treatment, which included several surgical interventions. Case #2 was hospitalized at the age of four years because of recurrent convulsive episodes. Medical examinations performed were normal, and there was no improvement in the reported seizure disorder despite continuous treatment. In both cases, MSP was suspected because of a persistent illness that could not be explained by adequate medical basis, and because the symptoms and signs occurred only in the mother's presence. A confrontation was made, leading to rapid deterioration of the hitherto devoted relationship of the mother of case #1 with her child, and of the previous cooperative relationship of both mothers with the medical staff. Removal of both children from their families ensued, with considerable improvement within a brief period, which continued in a one- to two-year follow-up period. Conclusions: The study reviews the required diagnostic criteria for MSP and possible treatment options.
Female Sexual Side Effects Associated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: A Descriptive Clinical Study of 33 Patients
Authors: Shen Winston W. , Hsu Jeffrey H. 
Published: May 2005

Objective: After the advent of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on the U.S. market in 1988, American psychiatrists have been faced with more choices of antidepressants for the treatment of depression. The prescribing of SSRIs has been increasing in popularity because they are easily titrated by the physicians and tolerated by patients. However, the SSRI use is frequently associated with female sexual dysfunction. The aim of this study was to describe these SSRI-associated female sexual side effects. Methods: In a retrospective series, clinic records of 110 female SSRI-treated outpatients were reviewed for loss of or decreased libido, orgasmic disturbances (anorgasmia or delayed orgasm), as well as clinical management patterns to alleviate sexual side effects. Results: Twenty-one fluoxetine-, nine paroxetine-, and five sertraline-treated cases with female sexual inhibition were identified. The fates of SSRI-associated sexual adverse effects and clinical managements of restoring these side effects were described. Conclusions: With some limitations in interpreting the data, the findings of this study suggest that SSRI-associated female sexual dysfunction occurs at a higher rate than we previously thought, equal potentials in implicating female sexual side effects among three SSRIs, and the absence or the low incidence of female sexual adverse effects from bupropion, and that these side effects can be managed by waiting for a spontaneous remission, dosage reduction of SSRIs, substitution with bupropion and other antidepressants, or the use of an antidote.
Ego-Supportive Care in Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Abramson Ronald , Block Bernard 
Published: May 2005

Open heart surgery has been shown to have a rate of occurrence of postoperative psychopathological phenomena (9 percent-57 percent) many times greater than that of general surgery (1/1500). These phenomena result from an interplay of organic, environmental, psychological, and social factors which act on the integrative and coping capacity of the ego. Treatment is accomplished through support of the ego by: 1) establishment of a relationship, 2) reassurance, 3) environmental support, 4) consultative relationships with staff, 5) ventilation of feelings, 6) medical measures in support of somatic function, and 7) anti-anxiety drugs. Such supportive measures are usually effective in bringing about a rapid remission of these psychopathological phenomena.
The Need for the Psychological Study of Clinical Death
Authors: Pandey Carol 
Published: May 2005

“Why dost thou not tell us what happened in the beyond?” And all grew silent, startled by the question. It was as if it occurred to them only now that for three days Lazarus had been dead, and they looked at him, anxiously awaiting his answer. But Lazarus kept silence. For three days had he been dead; thrice had the sun risen and set, but he had been dead; children had played, streams had murmured over pebbles, the wayfarer had stirred up the hot dust in the highroad … but he had been dead. And now he was again among them; he touched them, he looked at them … looked at them! And through the black discs of his pupils, as through darkened glass, stared the unknowable Beyond.
Depression in Children and Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis: Case Studies
Authors: Elgudin Larissa , Kishan Sunil , Howe Don 
Published: May 2005

Objective: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessively inherited multi-system disorder of children and adults characterized by the obstruction and infection of airways presenting as a wide variety of symptoms. It has varying degrees of psychological impact on patients and their families, requiring numerous adjustments in their life styles. Newer sophisticated medical treatments of cystic fibrosis has led to an increase in life expectancy; however, the same kind of progress has not been made in the psychological interventions available to treat emotional disturbances. Method: We report three cases of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis who were diagnosed with depression and treated with a combination of antidepressant medications and other psychosocial interventions. Results and Conclusions: Two of the three cases suggest that treatment with antidepressant medications has a positive influence on psychological outcomes. We further propose clinical studies to test efficacy, safety, and long-term effects of these medications in patients with cystic fibrosis.