bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientists Invent New Hypotheses, Do Brains?
Authors: Fresco Nir , Elber‐Dorozko Lotem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHow are new Bayesian hypotheses generated within the framework of predictive processing? This explanatory framework purports to provide a unified, systematic explanation of cognition by appealing to Bayes rule and hierarchical Bayesian machinery alone. Given that the generation of new hypotheses is fundamental to Bayesian inference, the predictive processing framework faces an important challenge in this regard. By examining several cognitive‐level and neurobiological architecture‐inspired models of hypothesis generation, we argue that there is an essential difference between the two types of models. Cognitive‐level models do not specify how they can be implemented in brains and include structures and assumptions that are external to the predictive processing framework. By contrast, neurobiological architecture‐inspired models, which aim to better resemble brain processes, fail to explain important capacities of cognition, such as categorization and few‐shot learning. The “scaling‐up” challenge for proponents of predictive processing is to explain the relationship between these two types of models using only the theoretical and conceptual machinery of Bayesian inference.
Risankizumab: Mechanism of action, clinical and translational science
Authors: Pang Yinuo , D'Cunha Ronilda , Winzenborg Insa , Veldman Geertruida , Pivorunas Valerie , Wallace Kori 
Published: January 2024

AbstractRisankizumab is a high‐affinity neutralizing anti‐interleukin (IL)‐23 monoclonal antibody marketed in over 40 countries across the globe to treat several inflammatory diseases, such as plaque psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and Crohn's disease (CD). This paper reviews the regulatory approval, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics (PKs)/pharmacodynamics, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy and safety data for risankizumab, focusing on the three main approved indications. Risankizumab binds to the p19 subunit of IL‐23 and inhibits IL‐23 from interacting with the IL‐23 receptor and subsequent signaling. Biomarker data obtained following treatment with risankizumab in multiple indications provided supportive evidence for downstream blockade of IL‐23 signaling associated with disease pathology. The PKs of risankizumab is linear and time‐independent, consistent with typical IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, across all evaluated indications. Risankizumab exhibited positive exposure‐response relationships for efficacy with no apparent exposure‐dependent worsening in safety. Immunogenicity to risankizumab had no major clinical consequences for either efficacy or safety. Efficacy and safety of risankizumab have been established in PsO, PsA, and CD in the pivotal clinical trials where superior benefit/risk profiles were demonstrated compared to placebo and/or active comparators. Moreover, safety evaluations in open‐label extension studies following long‐term treatment with risankizumab showed stable and favorable safety profiles consistent with shorter‐term studies. These data formed the foundation for risankizumab's marketing approvals to treat multiple inflammatory diseases across the globe.
Pooled analysis of routine safety parameters observed in healthy participants at baseline and following placebo administration in early phase clinical studies
Authors: Duncan Kelly E. , Li Runcheng , Maganti Lata , Kumar Amit , Stoch S. Aubrey , Walford Geoffrey A. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPhase I trials inform on the initial safety profile of a new molecule and impact whether further development is pursued or not. Understanding the effect of non‐pharmacological factors on the variability of routine safety parameters could improve decision making in these early clinical trials, helping to separate signals related to the new molecule from background “noise.” To understand the impact of non‐pharmacological factors on routine safety parameters, we evaluated pooled safety data from over 1000 healthy participants treated with placebo in phase I trials between 2009 and 2018. The phase I participants were predominantly men, less than or equal to 50 years, White, and non‐Hispanic; and approximately an equal proportion had body mass index in the normal and overweight/obese range. Following administration of placebo, vital signs, electrocardiogram, and laboratory parameters remained near predose baseline values. Large changes from baseline were observed for many safety parameters, but these occurred in a relatively small number of participants. At least one adverse event (AE) occurred in 49.7% of participants receiving placebo in single ascending dose (SAD) studies and in 72.4% of participants receiving placebo in multiple ascending dose (MAD) studies, with headache being the most commonly reported AE (18.7% in SAD and 28.3% in MAD studies). Overall, these analyses are consistent with non‐pharmacological factors having a small impact on routine safety parameters in a phase I trial. The provided supplemental data may be used to contextualize the magnitude and frequency of abnormal safety values and AEs observed in phase I trials.
Resident training in interventional pathology: Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and rapid on site evaluation—5 years of teaching experience in a single university hospital
Authors: Torres‐Rivas Héctor‐Enrique , Fernández Fernández Luis Manuel , González Gutiérrez María de la Paz , Berríos Hernández Mario Luis , Pérez Fontán José Fernando , Chandra Ashish , Caputo Alessandro , Dávila Lemos Ana Belén , Villar Zarra Karen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite the established role of the interventional pathologist, their diagnostic performance is difficult to establish. At least in Spain training of pathology residents in ultrasound‐guided interventional procedures for specimen collection is limited or absent in most institutions. We present our teaching experience in the instruction of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) to pathology residents in a tertiary‐level hospital.Materials and MethodsThe training of pathology residents who rotated through the interventional unit of the pathology department and the application of ultrasound‐guided FNA and rapid on‐site evaluation (U‐ROSE) was documented over 5 years. The training period was broken down into learning phases and included the number of ultrasound‐guided FNA performed, anatomical location, and their diagnostic performance, among other aspects.ResultsNineteen (19) pathology residents were trained in U‐ROSE, and performed a total of 4003 procedures, with a mean of 211 per resident. In 53% of cases only one pass was required for an adequated sample. The specimen was diagnostic in more than 97% of cases. The most frequently sampled anatomical sites were the thyroid gland (n = 2347), followed by lymph node (n = 667), soft tissues (n = 663) and salivary glands (n = 322).ConclusionThe results support the training programme followed by pathology residents in learning U‐ROSE, which is essential to lay the foundations for the future interventional pathologist.
Act generously when others do so: Majority influence on young children's sharing behavior
Authors: Chai Qiao , Yin Jun , Shen Mowei , He Jie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractChildren's sharing behavior is profoundly shaped by social norms within their society, and they can learn these norms by directly observing how most others share in their immediate environment. Here we systematically investigated the impact of majority influence on the sharing behavior of young Chinese children through three studies (N = 336, 168 girls). Four‐ and 6‐year‐olds were allowed to choose 10 favorite stickers and had an opportunity to engage in anonymous sharing. Before making the sharing decision, children were assigned to one of two conditions: watching a video in which three peers all shared 8 out of 10 stickers (i.e., the majority sharing condition) or making their decisions without watching the video (i.e., the control condition). Results showed that both the 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children shared more stickers in the majority sharing condition than in the control condition (Studies 1 & 2). Moreover, the influence of the majority had a stronger effect compared to the influence of a single role model. Children shared more stickers after observing three peers sharing, compared to watching one peer sharing three times (Study 2). Furthermore, children were less likely to copy the majority's non‐sharing behavior when it came to giving away stickers without prosocial outcomes, which was particularly evident among 4‐year‐olds (Study 3). The results reveal that majority influence uniquely shapes children's sharing behavior and that children selectively follow the majority based on whether the behavior exhibits prosocial attributes. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/8qNNhf9754I?si=7YfpaFpcD_IjlXjJResearch Highlights
Observing a majority of three peers’ unanimous generous sharing promoted sharing behavior in both 4‐ and 6‐year‐olds.
The influence of three peers on children's sharing was stronger than that of one peer sharing three times.
Four‐year‐olds, but not 6‐year‐olds, did not copy the non‐sharing behavior of the majority as it did not lead to prosocial outcomes.
The role of firm‐to‐firm relationships in exporter dynamics
Authors: Rigo Davide 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of firm‐to‐firm relationships in export market dynamics, documenting the following stylized facts for French exporters. First, exporters grow in a foreign market by expanding their customer base; the average French exporter doubles its number of buyers after 8 years. Second, sales to existing customers remain the predominant source of growth in a foreign market, with long‐lasting relationships contributing to most export values. Third, as a mechanism driving firms' growth in a relationship, prices fall as a relationship ages. Fourth, I exploit the Brexit referendum as a quasi‐natural experiment to examine how firm‐to‐firm relationships adjust in response to changes in market access. I find that French exporters with long‐lasting relationships in the UK are less affected by the referendum shock and exhibit higher exchange rate pass‐through. Overall, these findings indicate that long‐lasting relationships represent a crucial margin for export market growth and in shielding exporters from changing market conditions.
A rare case of severe tricuspid regurgitation caused by TIPS stent migrating into the right atrium
Authors: Seçkin Göbüt Özden , Ünlü Serkan , Özgül Seçkin , Moral Kenan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a common, effective and reliable treatment modality for portal hypertension. Migration of the TIPS stent into the right atrium is a rare and fatal complication.Case presentationWe report a case of severe tricuspid regurgitation caused by a stent migrating into the right atrium in a patient hospitalized with refractory ascites due to cirrhosis.DiscussionIn this case, it is noteworthy that secondary stenting, which is necessary especially in cases of occlusion, significantly increases the risk of migration.ConclusionAlthough a rare complication, intracardiac stent migration should be considered in patients with a history of TIPS in the presence of a new heart murmur and signs of arrhythmia.
Prediction of fatigue limit stress in C/SiC composites: Effect of stochastic load spectrum
Authors: Li Longbiao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUnder cyclic‐fatigue loading, stochastic loading may occur and affect the fatigue limit stress (FLS) in C/SiC composites. In this paper, the FLSs in different C/SiC composites were predicted considering stochastic loading spectrums. Damage mechanisms of interface wear and fibers failure were considered in the global load sharing criterion to determine the fracture life and fiber's failure probability in three different stochastic loading spectrums, that is, constant, increasing and decreasing stochastic stress spectrum. Experimental FLS and fatigue life degradation rate were predicted using the developed micromechanical approach, and the effect of cyclic duration under stochastic spectrums on the FLS was analyzed. Relationships among the FLS, life degradation rate, stochastic spectrum, and cyclic duration were established.
Clinical characteristics of the well‐defined upper eyelid vascular network pattern in patients with rosacea
Authors: Peng Yiran , Wang Ben , Mao Mengping , Li Ji , Shi Wei , Zhao Huimin , Huang Ziyang , Zhao Zhixiang , Huang Chuchu , Jian Dan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundRosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms and physical signs, which still lacks objective laboratory tests or imaging tests.ObjectivesTo propose and evaluate the upper eyelid network pattern in rosacea.MethodsParticipants included patients diagnosed with rosacea, other facial erythematous skin diseases, and normal controls, all of whom underwent full‐face imaging utilizing the VISIA® system software. According to these images, researchers evaluated the condition of the upper eyelid vascular network, developed the grading scale and then compared the difference of distribution in the three groups.ResultsThe occurrence rate of upper eyelid vascular network in rosacea was significantly higher than that in other facial erythematous skin diseases (84.3 vs. 32.0%, P < 0.001) and normal controls (84.3 vs. 28.0%, P < 0.001). The upper eyelid vascular network pattern was proposed (none [no clearly reticular vessels], mild [10–50% area of reticular vessels], moderate‐to‐severe [>50% area of reticular vessels]). Moderate‐to‐severe grade was defined as well‐defined upper eyelid vascular network pattern, which was specific to patients with rosacea (rosacea vs. other facial erythematous skin diseases, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.814, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.899–8.670) (rosacea vs. heathy controls, aOR = 12.628, 95% CI: 8.334–19.112). The severity of the well‐defined pattern had no significant association with age, duration, and phenotypes of rosacea (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe well‐defined upper eyelid vascular network pattern specifically appeared in patients with rosacea, which could be a possible clue to the diagnosis of rosacea.
Comparison of the effect of hot and cold compresses on post‐operative urinary retention in older patients: A clinical trial study
Authors: Mirzaei Tayebeh , Roudbari Farkhondeh , Ravari Ali , Mirzaei Sakineh , Hassanshahi Elham 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrinary retention is a common post‐operative complication in the older patients. The use of hot and cold compresses can be considered a safe and non‐invasive method to relieve urinary retention. In this study, the effects of these two methods are compared. In this randomised clinical trial study, 52 older patients with urinary retention underwent general surgery in two groups underwent local intervention of hot and cold water compresses. After the intervention, success in relieving retention and the exact duration of urine flow were measured and recorded. The mean age of the hot compress group was 69.38 ± 7.82 and the cold compress group was 68.96 ± 7.28 years and the majority of both groups were male. The mean duration of post‐operative urinary retention was not significantly different between the two groups. Urinary retention was eliminated in 46.2% of patients in the hot compress group and 53.8% in the cold compress group without the need for catheterization. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.782). The duration of urination after compression did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Due to very little research on the use of cold compresses in relieving urinary retention, the findings of this study showed that the success rate of cold compresses in relieving retention was slightly higher than hot compresses. Therefore, this type of compress can also be used to relieve retention.
Setting new priorities for nursing research: The updated Swiss Nursing Research Agenda—a systematic, participative approach
Authors: Stadtmann Manuel P. , Bischofberger Iren , Balice‐Bourgois Colette , Bianchi Monica , Burr Christian , Fierz Katharina , de Goumoëns Véronique , Kocher Agnes , Kunz Stefan , Naef Rahel , Bachmann Annie Oulevey , Schubert Maria , Schwendimann René , Simon Michael , Waldboth Veronika , Zanon‐Di Nardo Dave , Nicca Dunja , Zigan Nicole 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo identify current key areas for nursing research in Switzerland, we revised the Swiss Research Agenda for Nursing (SRAN) initially published in 2008.BackgroundBy developing a research agenda, nursing researchers internationally prioritize and cluster relevant topics within the research community. The process should be collaborative and systematic to provide credible information for decisionmakers in health care research, policy, and practice.Sources of EvidenceAfter a participative, systematic, and critical evaluation within and outside of the Swiss Association for Nursing Science, the updated SRAN 2019–2029 defines four research priorities (new models of care, nursing care interventions, work and care environment, and quality of care and patient safety) and four transversal themes (organization of research, research methodologies, research in health care policy and public health perspectives).ConclusionAdding to other national nursing research agendas, the categories are organized in a framework of key research priorities and transversal themes. They relate to the importance of global and local foci of research as well as challenges in health care services and policy systems. The agenda is an important prerequisite for enhancing the influence of nursing research in Switzerland and provides guidance for the next decade.Implications for Nursing PracticeThe revised agenda ensures that research projects target key knowledge gaps and the discipline's core questions in respective countries.Implications for Health PolicyNursing research should inform and influence health policy on all institutional and political levels. Therefore, the integration of public health perspectives in research is one of the most important new aspects of SRAN 2019–2029.
Uncertainty in surrogate decision‐making about end‐of‐life care for people with dementia: An integrative review
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Cho Jeonghyun , Shin Sungmin , Kim Sang Suk 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo describe uncertainty in surrogate decision‐making regarding end‐of‐life care for people with dementia using Mishel's reconceptualized uncertainty in illness theory.DesignIntegrative literature review using Whittemore and Knafl's approach.Data SourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science were searched using terms such as uncertainty/unpredictability, decision‐making/advance care planning/end‐of‐life care planning, surrogate/family/caregiver/proxy and dementia. The search was initially conducted on 28 September 2021 and updated on 31 July 2023.Review MethodsThrough systematic screening, 20 research articles were included in the analysis. Content related to uncertainty in surrogate decision‐making regarding end‐of‐life care was extracted and analysed, focusing on the reconceptualized uncertainty in illness theory.ResultsFirst, surrogate uncertainty exists in various areas of surrogate decision‐making regarding end‐of‐life care. Second, antecedents of surrogate uncertainty include numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Third, surrogates exhibited some negative psychological responses to uncertainty but continually processed and structured their uncertainty through certain approaches, leading them to grow as decision‐makers. Finally, research‐based evidence on surrogates' processing of uncertainty and shifts to new life perspectives remains limited.ConclusionSurrogates' uncertainty in decision‐making regarding end‐of‐life care for people with dementia is well characterized using the reconceptualized uncertainty in illness theory. Healthcare providers should help surrogates manage their uncertainty in surrogate decision‐making more constructively throughout the dementia trajectory.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe findings highlight the importance of assessing how surrogates process uncertainty and gauging how to help them process uncertainty and transition to new life perspectives.ImpactThis review contributes to healthcare professionals' understanding of surrogates' uncertainty in end‐of‐life care planning for people with dementia, especially what they are uncertain about, what influences their uncertainty and how they process it.Reporting MethodThis study adheres to the PRISMA reporting guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
First clinical data on artificial intelligence‐guided catheter ablation in long‐standing persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Bahlke Fabian , Englert Florian , Popa Miruna , Bourier Felix , Reents Tilko , Lennerz Carsten , Kraft Hannah , Martinez Alex Tunsch , Kottmaier Marc , Syväri Jan , Tydecks Madeleine , Telishevska Marta , Lengauer Sarah , Hessling Gabriele , Deisenhofer Isabel , Erhard Nico 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite advanced ablation strategies and major technological improvements, treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging and the underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. This study analyzed the multiple procedure outcome and safety of catheter ablation of spatiotemporal dispersions (DISPERS) detected by artificial intelligence (AI)‐guided software in patients with long‐standing persistent AF.Methods and ResultsThe Volta VX1 software was used for 50 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for persistent AF. First, high‐density mapping (78% biatrial) with a multipolar mapping catheter was performed. In addition to pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), ablation of DISPERS was performed aiming at homogenizing, dissecting, isolating, or connecting DISPERS areas to nonconducting anatomical structures. Follow‐up contained regular visits at our outpatient clinic at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months including 7‐day Holter electrocardiograms. Patients were mainly suffering from long‐standing persistent AF (mean AF duration 50.30 ± 54.28 months). Following PVI, ablation of left atrial and right atrial DISPERS areas led to AF cycle length prolongation (mean of 162.0 ± 16.6 to 202.2 ± 21.6 ms after) and AF termination to atrial tachycardia (AT) or sinus rhythm (SR) in 12 patients (24%). No stroke or pericardial effusion occurred; major groin complications (pseudoaneurysm n = 1, atrioventricular fistula n = 1) were detected in two patients. After a blanking period of 6 weeks, recurrence of any atrial arrhythmia was documented in 26 patients (52%). The majority of patients presented with organized AT (n = 15) while AF was present in n = 9 patients and AT/AF was observed in n = 2 patients. Twenty‐two patients underwent reablation. During a mean follow‐up of 363.14 ± 187.42 days and after an average of 1.46 ± 0.68 procedures, 82% of patients remained in stable SR.ConclusionDISPERS‐guided ablation using machine learning software (the Volta VX1 software) in addition to PVI in long‐standing persistent AF ablation resulted in high long‐term success rates regarding AF and AT elimination. Most arrhythmia recurrences were reentrant AT. After a total of 1.46 ± 0.68 procedures, freedom from AF/AT was 82%. Despite prolonged procedure times complication rates were low. Randomized studies are necessary to evaluate long‐term efficacy of dispersion‐guided ablation using AI.