bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SILIKA DARI ABU CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT PADA BASIS GIGI TIRUAN RESIN AKRILIK POLIMERISASI PANAS TERHADAP KEKUATAN TRANSVERSAL
Authors: Sari Rangkuti Ayu Mayang , Wahyuni Siti 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK Meskipun resin akrilik polimerisasi panas (RAPP) sekarang menjadi resin akrilik paling populer yang digunakan untuk basis gigi tiruan, kualitas mekaniknya yang buruk membuatnya rentan terhadap retak. Untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekanik terutama kekuatan transversal dapat digunakan abu cangkang sawit yang secara alami mengandung silika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kekuatan transversal pada gigi tiruan RAPP yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan silika 2% dan 5% dari abu cangkang sawit. Sampel penelitian resin akrilik polimerisasi panas dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok (kelompok A tanpa penguat, kelompok B dengan silika 2%, dan kelompok C dengan silika 5%) dan berbentuk persegi panjang dengan ukuran 65x10x2,5 mm sebanyak 33 sampel dengan setiap kelompok berjumlah 11 sampel. Evaluasi kekuatan transversal menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Tes ANOVA dan LSD digunakan untuk menilai data. Kekuatan transversal yang terukur adalah 74,13 ± 7,40 MPa tanpa penguat, 86,10 ± 10,02 MPa dengan silika 2%, dan 98,09 ± 8,52 MPa dengan silika 5%. Hasilnya, jelas bahwa basis gigi tiruan RAPP yang diperkuat dengan silika 5% dari abu cangkang sawit memiliki nilai kekuatan transversal yang lebih besar daripada basis yang diperkuat dengan silika 2%. Kata kunci: akrilik polimerisasi panas, silika, abu cangkang kelapa sawit, kekuatan transversal
Potential Extract Of Red Algae (Gracilaria verrucosa) from Aceh’s Coast Against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Chimisrina Shanti , Andayani Ridha , Afrina Afrina , Yolanda Febby Yustia , Sungkar Suzanna 
Published: October 2023

Dental caries is a disease of hard tooth tissue which is demineralized in hard tissue due to bacterial activity that produce acid. Streptococcus mutans known as the main agent of dental caries. Gracilaria verrucosa red algae is one of many marine products of Aceh’s coast which containing antibacterial compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenols. The aim of this research is to know the antibacterial potency of red algae extract of Gracilaria verrucosa from Aceh’s coast towards Streptococcus mutans by observe Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericicdal Concentration (MBC). Maceration method was used to produce extraction of Gracilaria verrucosa with 96% ethanol as solvent. The extract concentration used for this study was 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The results showed that the growth of S. mutans colonies had started to decrease at concentration of 20% i.e. 995.3 x 104 CFU/ml and the least colony growth occurred at concentration of 100% i.e. 54 x 104 CFU/ml. The conclusion of this research is Gracilaria verrucosa extract has antibacterial potential against S. mutans with MIC is at concentration of 20% whereas MBC is not found.
PENGARUH CUKA APEL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA GIGI PERMANEN
Authors: Soraya Cut , Sunnati Sunnati , Khaliza Siti 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRAK Diskolorasi dapat berdampak pada masalah psikologis dan psikososial. Pemutihan gigi atau bleaching merupakan salah satu cara mengatasi perubahan warna gigi. Bahan pemutih gigi seperti hidrogen peroksida dapat merubah morfologi email dan dapat menghilangkan mineral yang cukup banyak. Adanya akibat dari bahan kimia pemutih gigi ini membuat masyarakat mencari alternatif lain dengan menggunakan bahan alami. Cuka apel salah satu bahan alami yang mengandung asam asetat dan vitamin C yang dapat memberikan efek pemutihan pada gigi. Mengetahui pengaruh cuka apel terhadap perubahan warna gigi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan perendaman gigi pada larutan cuka apel selama 1, 3, dan 5 hari. Perubahan warna gigi diukur menggunakan shade guide. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hanya 12,4% tingkat kepengaruhan cuka apel terhadap perubahan warna gigi. Jika diuji perkelompok, pada kelompok 1 hari tidak terdapat pengaruh cuka apel terhadap perubahan warna gigi sedangkan kelompok 3 hari dan 5 hari terdapat pengaruh cuka apel terhadap perubahan warna gigi. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji regresi linier sederhana. Disimpulkan bahwa cuka sari apel tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemutihan gigi permanen.
Concept and Process of Formation of the Subjective Element of the Customary Rule (opinion juris) of International Law
Authors: Dragiev A. 
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION.Customary international law is the oldest source of International law and has been its main source for centuries. However, even in our time, the importance of custom in International law is preserved – besides and on par with international treaties; this is the other type of its legal norms. The main difference between the two kinds of norm is the unwritten form of custom, but customary and treaty norms have equal legal force.MATERIALS AND METHODS.The documentary basis of the study is international treaties and international customs, resolutions of the UN General Assembly, Statute of the International Court of Justice and its jurisprudence, reports of the International Law Association. The theoretical basis of the article is the works of scholars of international law. The methodological basis of the study is general and particular scientific methods of cognition.RESEARCH RESULTS.The research in the article leads to a conclusion that comprises a definition of international custom, and this is the formulation of it as applicable law in cases before the International Court of Justice: “international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law” (Art. 38 (1) (b) of Statute of the Court). According to this definition, the customary legal rule contains two elements: objective, also material the practice of States, and subjective – the conviction of States that this practice is obligatory, i.e. law. It has been established in International law that the subjective element is termed by the Latin expression “opinio juris sive necessitates” (opinion of law or necessity), and most often the subjective element is briefly called only “opinio juris”. The research reveals as its result that by its nature opinio juris represents a conscious, intentional attitude towards State practice. The will of the State has external manifestations – the consent, acceptance, recognition and conviction of the State.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS.The main conclusions of the research relate to the question of the formation of opinio juris. This formation is a process that is integrated: it simultaneously forms the practice of States and the opinio juris towards it. Opinio juris does not have an autonomous stage or process of formation, nor is it formed only after the practice of the customary law rule has been completely formed. The conclusion from the integrated process is that each act of the relevant practice, which is the same as the previous one, but also as the next one, helps to form the belief that this is the only, and therefore obligatory, manner to perform the practice. Conversely, States' belief that a given practice is obligatory motivates them to perform only that practice.
A Conceptual Analysis of Ethical Challenges to Businesses in an Era of Globalization
Authors: Tyagi P. , Kazieva I. I. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This article deals with the study of ethical challenges and dilemmas that have caught the attention of academicians and researchers globally as a result of the unethical acts of many renowned businesses around the world. Ethics is a highly researched but little understood concept. Globalization has only added to this complex­ity. This research is an attempt to scrutinize the concept of ethics in business context, understand the varying layer, shades and dilemmas of ethics over space and time : a concept that is applicable globally, but varies locally. The aim of the investigation is to assess why despite such emphasis on ethical standards in business, unethical behavior is rampant.Materials and methods: In the course of research, the authors track the evolution of the philosophy and concept of Ethics in various religions like Hinduism, Buddhism and the western world- up to the present times as we understand, practice and teach it today in business context. Results of the study: The study finds that the reason for the current ethical chal­lenge lies in the myopic view towards the concept of business and its goals as well as in the emphasis on understanding ethics as an externally taught or externally imposed behaviour instead of an internally inculcated character. Discussion and Conclusion: For ethical business to be effective, the study con­cludes that it needs to become an innate part of the character of a person and organiza­tions which through a supportive and nurturing environment, including the leader­ship, can internalize it in all aspects of life. Superficial attempts to showcase ethical conduct or enforce it through materialistic incentives will have only shallow and cos­metic results. Any ethical construct or system can not exist and persist in piecemeal and isolation. It needs to be all pervasive and inherent.
Conceptual Foundations of Information Modeling Technology in Urban Planning
Authors: Korneeva A. M. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction. For the management of complex urban planning systems, the problems of choosing alternatives and finding effective solutions under conditions of risk and uncertainty in the interaction of many exogenous and endogenous factors are of great theoretical and practical importance. A special place in decision-making is occupied by an integrated approach that allows, based on artificial intelligence models, expert assessment, analytical and computational models, modeling methods and a number of other models and methods, to successfully apply various approaches to decision support, to provide a deeper and more comprehensive account of various factors. , their relationship, act in conditions of semistructured or unstructured information about the control object. In this regard, the problem of creating integrated intelligent decision support systems based on the theory and principles of hybrid artificial intelligence systems, mathematical modeling methods, system analysis, synthesis of control actions, etc. is relevant.The purpose of this article is to clarify the conceptual foundations of information modeling technology in urban planning.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the article used methods of problem analysis, synthsis, scientific approaches to solving the stated problem, classification of hybrid models used in information modeling in urban planning. The materials of the article are the works of scientists on the stated issues.Research results. The article points out that the possibilities of modeling in urban planning are associated with the development of hybrid models, which are models that are built using various methods. The author determined that a hybrid intelligent system is a combination of: analytical models, expert systems, artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, simulation statistical models. The main task in the development of hybrid systems is to best combine different forms of representation and methods of knowledge processing in the decision-making process in the field of urban planning.Discussion and conclusion. The article substantiates the importance of introducing hybrid models for studying the functioning and forecasting the development of urban infrastructure. Approaches to the creation of intelligent information systems for decision support in urban planning based on a combination of analytical methods and models, such as simulation modeling, computational calculations, optimization calculations with soft computing models, such as fuzzy systems, neural networks, genetic solutions of complex weakly structured or unstructured tasks. The creation of such systems will increase the level of managerial decision-making in urban planning, better assess the quality of the housing policy being pursued.
The reasons for the October movement (2019) in Iraq
Authors: Sura Hussien Khuder  , Assist.Prof.Dr. Naser Zien Alabidin Ahmed  
Published: October 2023

This research deals with (the reasons for the October movement (2019) in Iraq) and one of the most important issues in the Iraqi reality، an attempt to know the reasons that led to this and analyze them from all sides، as the research included a fundamental study of the nature of the popular movement ، that the (peaceful) popular movement is guaranteed by the constitution to express the opinions of the people based on the article (38)، and it came as a response to the bad conditions experienced by most of the Iraqi people and the failure of pervious governments to fulfill the promises they made، The Iraqi people belong to the ruling stratum of this country، which has taken turns ruling the country for more than a decade and has not succeeded in meeting the demands of the Iraqi people and providing a stable environment that helps attract investing companies and advance the social and economic reality of the country.
MAKNA DENOTASI DAN KONOTASI DALAM LIRIK LAGU ANAK-ANAK
Authors: Tyasrinestu Fortunata , Jati Kesuma Tri Mastoyo 
Published: October 2023

Lagu anak-anak adalah lagu yang dinyanyikan oleh anak, diciptakan untuk anak-anak, menggambarkan lingkungan dan dunia anak-anak. Kebanyakan lagu anak-anak diciptakan oleh orang dewasa secara sengaja untuk menggambarkan dan mewakili dunia anak-anak. Pada lagu anak-anak dijumpai cirikhas pada diksi. Diksi digunakan oleh pencipta lagu anak untuk memperoleh makna tertentu sehingga diksi tidak hanya sebatas pilihan kata saja akan tetapi juga digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu cerita dan bahkan memberikan makna melalui ungkapan dan gaya bahasa. Diksi merupakan pilihan kata yang berkenaan dengan pemilihan dan pilihan kata. Kosakata anak dan pilihan kata anak menjadi hal yang menarik ketika dikaitkan dengan diksi dalam lagu anak-anak. Anak diharapkan mendapat kosakata yang sesuai dengan perkembangannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan diksi lagu anak-anak dikaitkan dengan makna denotasi dan konotasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan fokus (pada diksi) lagu anak-anak yang sudah dikenal, terutama lagu anak-anak karangan A.T. Mahmud yang berjudul Pelangi, Ambilkan Bulan Bu, Bintang Kejora, Cicak di Dinding, Amelia, Kereta Apiku, Paman Datang, Cemara, Awan Putih, dan Bulan Sabit. Diksi yang diteliti terkait dengan diksi berdasarkan makna, baik makna denotatif dan makna konotatif maupun makna leksikal dalam lagu anak-anak. Telaah ini juga menelusuri fungsi diksi dalam lagu-lagu anak untuk memperindah kalimat dalam lagu anak-anak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketepatan diksi dalam lagu anak-anak merupakan bentuk ekspresi yang hadir dalam gagasan pencipta lagu anak yang dituangkan dalam kata-kata dalam lirik lagu anak. Lagu anak dapat diberikan kepada anak usia sekolah dasar. Penggunaan diksi yang selaras dan tepat dapat membantu anak membangun imajinasi kreativitas ketika mendengar dan mendendangkan kata-kata tersebut. Ekspresi juga ditengarai merujuk pada kesesuaian yang memperlihatkan perasaan yang dapat ditunjukkan melalui pemilihan kata-kata yang tepat. Pemilihan diksi yang tepat dapat memberikan pengetahuan baru dan perspektif baru dalam penciptaan lagu anak-anak, terutama untuk generasi masa milenial saat ini dengan memperhatikan aspek seni dalam keselarasan bunyi dan aspek bahasa dalam keselarasan makna.
Analysis of Turkish Economy from Macroeconomic and Socio-political Perspective (1923-2023)
Authors: ÇELİK Eşref Uğur 
Published: October 2023

The evaluation of economies provides an idea about the direction of countries and determines their international reputations. Economic evaluations hold significant importance for this reason. Evaluations often utilize macroeconomic indicators like real growth rate, unemployment rate, and inflation rate. On the other hand, to honestly evaluate economies, a long-term perspective is required, and it is vital to maintain continuity and have a broad scope. During this process, many factors, such as developments in the external world, geography, language, religion, ethnicity, and customary practices, can have an impact, in addition to macroeconomic factors. However, none of these (except for macroeconomic factors) have as much impact on the development of economies as the institutional factors that form the basis of the socio-political structure. As property rights, freedom of expression, press freedom, judicial independence, and equality of opportunities in the economic, social, and political fields expand in a country; experts anticipate that institutional quality will increase and positively impact economic operations. Findings indicate the necessity of conducting macroeconomic and socio-political performance measurements to evaluate the Turkish economy properly. For 1924-2023, a macroeconomic performance index (MPI) has established for measuring macroeconomic performance, and a socio-political performance index (SPI) for measuring socio-political performance.
The findings obtained from the studies reveal that in Türkiye, more than ensuring only macroeconomic stability is necessary to achieve satisfactory and lasting economic success. Compromising fundamental rights, freedoms, and socio-economic justice (e.g., income distribution) has achieved stability, but only with temporary effects. The development structure and macroeconomic gains solidify the economic outlook through socio-political developments.
Return to Face-to-Face Classrooms in Higher Education: Students Experiences in Chile, Venezuela, and Ecuador
Authors: Lobos Karla , Cobo-Rendón Rubia , Sáez Fabiola , Mella Javier , Cisternas Nataly 
Published: October 2023

Emergency remote teaching (ERE) triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to higher education institutions worldwide. Although it had several negative consequences, it also enabled advances in the integration of technology into the teaching and learning process. The purpose of this study was to examine and characterize the key elements of the process of returning to face-to-face courses. The study was based on a mixed quantitative and qualitative design. 631 students from Chile, Venezuela, and Colombia were surveyed about their experiences returning to face-to-face classes (in terms of virtual tools, their feelings, and their expectations for academic success). The survey also included questions about the lockdown caused by the pandemic, specifically regarding instructional and didactic design, participation in online sessions, and the role of faculty during the pandemic. Descriptive and correlative analyses were performed to examine relationships among variables. Qualitative data were analyzed within a hermeneutically-oriented framework. Our analyses show that virtual classrooms or learning management systems (LMS) continued to be used after the pandemic. However, their use is strongly associated with a more traditional approach to teaching; LMSs and virtual classrooms are primarily used as filing locations and for receiving and storing homework assignments and assessments. In terms of interaction, qualitative analyses have shown that relationships with faculty and between students are better in face-to-face classes and that there is not much difference in perceptions of collaborative work in online learning compared to face-to-face classes. Finally, students' expectations of academic success are low in the short term, while they are higher in the long term. Students also indicated that it is important to them that teachers take care about the didactic design of the course, including strategies that encourage interaction and participation in both synchronous and asynchronous sessions. In addition, students mentioned that teachers should incorporate strategies to promote academic motivation, self-regulation, and a safe environment. An important finding of this study is that students prefer a blended learning format when comparing online and face-to-face instruction. This article also provides recommendations for the new post-pandemic education scenario. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-017 Full Text: PDF
Analisis Dan Pengembangan Strategi Dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing HonestDocs Sebagai Perusahaan Startup Di Era Industry 4.0
Authors: Pramestyani Embriana Dinar 
Published: October 2023

Salah satu platform e-commerce telemedicine di Indonesia yang turut andil sebagai perusahaan startup digital berbasis kesehatan adalah HonestDocs (HD). HD dikembangkan sebagai dampak dari perkembangan teknologi di era revolusi industri 4.0. Perubahan perilaku konsumen pengguna layanan kesehatan digital dan banyaknya kompetitor membuat HD harus menetapkan strategi yang lebih baik di pasar telemedicine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi existing yang digunakan oleh perusahaan startup HD di platform e-commerce dan menganalisis strategi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan daya saing HD sebagai perusahaan startup di era industry 4.0. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Responden survei terdiri dari 241 orang (57,66%) perempuan dan 177 orang (42,34%) laki-laki, sedangkan wawancara dilakukan kepada stakeholder HD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi existing yang digunakan oleh perusahaan startup HD terletak pada aspek sumber daya manusia, keuangan, tata kelola perusahaan, dan pemasaran. Sedangkan analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa HD berada pada posisi kuadran IV dimana memiliki kelemahan dan ancaman yang berarti, sehingga strategi yang sesuai untuk disarankan ke HD adalah strategi W-T/strategi defensif. Strategi defensif diimplementasikan dengan melakukan penguatan dan positioning serta branding HD yang tidak hanya berfokus di Jabodetabek dan pulau Jawa saja.
Düzce İli Fındık Bahçelerinde Tarımsal Uygulamalar ve Üreticilerin Pestisit Kullanım Durumu
Authors: BATUR Tuba , ARSLAN Zübeyde Filiz , ALTIN Nedim 
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Düzce ili fındık bahçelerinde tarımsal uygulamaların ve pestisitler ile ilgili sorunların belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür.
Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 2022-2023 yıllarında Düzce ilinde yürütülmüştür. Düzce Merkez ve ilçelerinde (Akçakoca, Cumayeri, Çilimli, Gölyaka, Kaynaşlı ve Yığılca) ikamet eden 30 üretici ile yüz yüze görüşülerek anket çalışması yapılmıştır. İlçelerdeki anket sayıları, fındık üretim alanı ve miktarı dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Üreticilere fındık bahçelerindeki tarımsal yapı ve uygulamalar, üreticilerin demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik durumları, pestisit uygulama durumları ile pestisitler ile ilgili bilinç düzeyleri hakkında 48 soru sorulmuştur ve elde edilen sonuçlar oransal olarak hesaplanmıştır.
Araştırma Bulguları: Çalışma sonucunda, üreticilerin pestisit seçiminde ve dozuna karar vermede ilaç bayilerinden ve Tarım ve Orman İl/İlçe Müdürlükleri’nden bilgi aldıkları, pestisitin etkili maddesinin ve fiyatının tercihlerinde önemli olduğu, bitki koruma etmenleriyle mücadelede sürekli aynı pestisitleri uygulamadıkları, zararlı ve hastalıklar görülmeden ilaçlamaya başladıkları, pestisitleri tavsiye edilen dozda uyguladıkları, son ilaçlama ile hasat zamanı arasındaki bekleme süresine uydukları, pestisitleri uygularken koruyucu kıyafet ve maske kullandıkları ancak kalibrasyon yapmadıkları, bazı pestisitleri karıştırarak uyguladıkları, bitki koruma etmenleriyle mücadelede çoğunlukla kimyasal mücadeleyi tercih ettikleri saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, Düzce ili fındık üreticilerinin bahçelerindeki tarımsal zararlılarla mücadelede pestisit uygulamayı tercih ettikleri, pestisitler ile ilgili temel bilgilere sahip olmalarına rağmen pestisit uygulamaları konusunda bazı hataları olduğu kanısına varılmıştır. Üreticilere yönelik eğitimler verilerek mevcut sorunların azaltılması ve üretim kalitesinin artırılması sağlanmalıdır.