bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of temperature and layer height on the structural and mechanical properties of continuous biocomposites by in–nozzle impregnation additive manufacturing
Authors: Wu Xikun , Ginoux Geoffrey , Paux Joseph , Allaoui Samir 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
This study aims to assess the relationships between limit parametric settings of in-nozzle impregnation additive manufacturing, namely, nozzle temperature and layer height, on the micromorphology and induced mechanical properties of continuous flax yarns-reinforced biocomposites.

Design/methodology/approach
The additively manufactured biocomposites with different printing parameters were characterized by X-ray microcomputed tomography and tensile testing to link the process–structure–properties relationships regarding the internal morphologies of yarns, matrix and porosities and tensile properties.

Findings
Several types of morphology were defined regarding fiber, void, raster and interfaces. The results showed a competition between porosity development, coating effect and variation in fiber volume fraction on the biocomposite quality and mechanical performance when simultaneously varying the layer height and the temperature due to rheology-related phenomena and process-induced defects.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has been carried out on the relation between the internal micromorphologies in three directions of continuous biocomposites manufactured by in-nozzle impregnation additive manufacturing and the limit printing parameters. The findings are thought to help manufacturers master this technology for high-end applications.
Towards a sustainable built environment: evaluating alternative water sources for concrete production
Authors: Belur Raju Vidya , Gejjalagere Puttaswamaiah Shivashankara , Singh Atul Kumar 
Published: January 2025

PurposeThis study explores the feasibility of substituting freshwater with alternative water sources such as potable water (PW), harvested rainwater (HRW), stormwater (SW), borewell water (BW) and seawater (Sea W) in concrete manufacturing. The aim is to evaluate the potential of these alternative sources to support sustainable development, reduce environmental impact and conserve freshwater resources in the construction industry.Design/methodology/approachThe research followed established concrete production standards and evaluated the chemical properties of various water sources. Fresh concrete characteristics, including setting time, workability and mechanical properties (compressive, split tensile and flexural strength), were tested at 7, 28 and 90 days. Durability assessments utilized the Volhard assay for chloride content, RCPT for chloride permeability and a physical sulfate attack test. Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) examined the environmental impacts, while an economic analysis assessed cost implications for each water source.FindingsThe results showed only minor differences of 2%–3% in the fresh and mechanical properties of concrete using alternative water sources, with no significant changes in compressive, tensile or flexural strength compared to potable water. The Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) and Nord Test techniques showed that all water sources, except seawater, are suitable for concrete mixing, as they enhance concrete durability due to their very low chloride ion concentrations, which minimize the risk of steel corrosion. The sulfate attack, including mass loss and expansion measurements for various water sources, indicates low susceptibility to except seawater. SEM and EDS HRW and SW also showed denser microstructures compared to Potable Water, indicating the absence of voids or cracks and the formation of ettringite needles, while seawater posed challenges due to high chloride content and corrosion risks. The LCA indicated that SW had the lowest environmental impact, while seawater posed substantial challenges. The economic analysis confirmed SW as the most cost-effective option, with all sources meeting production standards except seawater.Originality/valueThis study provides new insights into the sustainable use of non-potable water sources in concrete manufacturing. It demonstrates the viability of using HRW, SW and BW as alternative water sources to potable water, supporting sustainability goals in construction while conserving vital freshwater resources and reducing environmental impact.
The Academic Job Market for (Financial) Economists
Authors: Kofman Paul 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe notes [These notes reflect a panel discussion on the job markets for Australian PhDs on the occasion of the 2024 PhD Conference in Economics and Business. The author is grateful for the comments by Professor Ken Clements, moderator of the panel and cofounder of the PhD Conference] start with a personal reflection on the job market for PhDs in Economics and Finance. We take a closer look at today's academic job market conditions and draw comparisons with the job market conditions in the corporate, public and not‐for‐profit sectors. We then consider the selection criteria adopted by the recruiters. Followed by advice on how to successfully navigate the academic job market, how to avoid common mistakes, and how to find the perfect match between a candidate and a recruiting school.
Assessing Family Caregiver Readiness for Hospital Discharge of Patients With Serious or Life‐Limiting Illness Using Electronic Health Record (EHR) and Self‐Reported Data
Authors: Griffin Joan M. , Holland Diane E. , Vanderboom Catherine E. , Kaufman Brystana G. , Gustavson Allison M. , Ransom Jeanine , Mandrekar Jay , Dose Ann Marie , Ingram Cory , Fong Zhi Ven , Wild Ellen , Weiss Marianne E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess how patient and caregiver factors influence caregiver readiness for hospital discharge in palliative care patients.Study Setting and DesignThis transitional care study uses cross‐sectional data from a randomized controlled trial conducted from 2018 to 2023 testing an intervention for caregivers of hospitalized adult patients with a serious or life‐limiting illness who received a palliative care consult prior to transitioning out of the hospital.Data Sources and Analytical SampleCaregiver readiness was measured with the Family Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (n = 231). Caregiver demographic, intra‐ and interpersonal factors were self‐reported. Patient demographic, comorbidity score, and risk score for complicated discharge planning were extracted from electronic health records. Stepwise regression models estimated variance explained (r2) in caregiver readiness for patient hospital discharge.Principal FindingsPatient demographics and complexity were not statistically associated with caregiver readiness for discharge. Caregiver depressive symptoms, poor caregiver‐patient relationship quality, and fewer hours spent caregiving prior to hospitalization explained 29% of the variance in caregiver readiness.ConclusionsReliance on patient data may not be sufficient for explaining caregiver readiness for discharge. Assessing caregiver factors may be a better alternative for identifying caregivers at risk for low discharge readiness and those in need of additional support.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov on November 13, 2017, (No. NCT03339271)
Can Digitalization Improve China's Food Security?
Authors: Yin Jing‐Hua , Song Hai‐Ying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAs global food security continues to be extremely challenging, countries are seeking optimal solutions for the sustainable development of their agriculture and food systems under environmental and resource pressures. This study explores whether and how digitalization facilitates or hinders China's food security. Based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Bank, and United Nations E‐Government survey, we assess digital transformation in terms of digital infrastructure, competition, innovation, and digital governance using the entropy method. Specifically, we use ordinary least‐squares and robust and ridge regressions to estimate the impact of digitalization on food security in China during 2000–2021. The results indicate that digitalization improves food security through production and transaction enablement. Namely, digital infrastructure and competition significantly contribute to food availability, accessibility, and utilization. In addition, digital innovation experiences synergies with other digital indicators to improve food security. However, digital governance decreases food sustainability because of premature digital governance, as well as a lack of digital talent, investment, and technical support. Thus, to increase food security, it is essential to upgrade the digital infrastructure, accelerate digital innovation, cultivate digital talents, improve digital governance, and make full use of digital enabling in production as well as the market.
Physical Exercise Decreases Complement‐Mediated Synaptic Loss and Protects Against Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Microglial Tmem9‐ATP6V0D1 in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Li Shiyin , Li Mingyue , Li Ge , Li Lili , Yang Xiaofeng , Zuo Zejie , Zhang Liying , Hu Xiquan , He Xiaofei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPhysical exercise is known to slow synaptic neurodegeneration and cognitive aging in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The benefits of physical exercise are related to reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and increased synaptic plasticity. Yet little is known about the mechanisms that mediate these effects. Here, we show that physical exercise down‐regulated the microglial Tmem9 protein, inhibited C1q activation, and decreased C1q‐dependent microglial synapse engulfment, eventually ameliorating cognitive impairment in 5xFAD mice. Furthermore, using oAβ cultured‐BV2 in vitro, we show that downregulation of microglial Tmem9 was sufficient to restrain complement activity and decrease microglia‐mediated synaptic loss, whereas overexpression of microglial Tmem9 tended to promote complement activation and induced synaptic loss, abolishing exercise‐associated protection. Finally, we show that microglial Tmem9 contributed to complement activation by regulating ATP6V0D1, a vesicular (H+) ATP‐dependent proton pump (V‐ATPase) subunit that regulates V‐ATPase assembly. Together, our results demonstrate that exercise is a potential treatment for AD patients. In an AD mouse model, it decreased the levels of microglial Tmem9 to inhibit the activation of complement, alleviated complement‐dependent synaptic loss, and eventually ameliorated emotional and cognitive disorders.
Open government data and firm value: A quasi‐natural experiment from China
Authors: Lan Fei , Lan Shiqi , Gong Yukai 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Chinese government is actively promoting the utilisation of open government data (OGD) to unlock the intrinsic value of data assets. This study considers the establishment of local OGD platforms as a quasi‐natural experiment. We conducted our research using a sample of China's A‐share listed firms from 2007 to 2021 and employed the staggered difference‐in‐difference (DID) model to examine the impact of OGD on firm value. The empirical analysis reveals a significant positive effect of the establishment of OGD platforms on firm value, which is achieved by alleviating financing constraints, promoting corporate risk‐taking, and enhancing resource allocation efficiency as well as talent agglomeration. Heterogeneity analysis shows that OGD has a more pronounced impact on the value of firms operating in highly competitive industries, firms with weak internal controls, and firms located in non‐central cities. The findings presented in this paper provide valuable insights for promoting the deep integration of government data with enterprise management.
Quantifying the Water Quality Impacts of Cropland Farming in China: A Satellite Data Approach
Authors: Tang Chuan , Guo Yifeng , Feng Lian 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe compile a unique satellite‐derived panel dataset to investigate the impacts of cropland coverage on the outbreak of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in China between 2003 and 2019. Our results indicate that a 1% increase in cropland leads to a 0.5% increase in the size of HABs in lakes larger than 20 km2. The increase in cropland not only affects the size of HABs but also significantly prolongs their duration on average. Furthermore, we provide evidence of a diminishing legacy effect of cropland on HAB area over time and a nonlinear relationship between cropland area and HABs. Fertilizer leakage from cropland shapes the entire pollution mechanism, with farming practices that require elevated fertilizer posing significantly greater impacts on water quality. While the nationwide fertilizer reduction policy implemented in 2015 successfully dampens HABs in nonreservoir lakes during the initial three years, its long‐term effects remain uncertain. This study highlights the potential of satellite imagery data for economic analyses of nutrient pollution in China.
Structural and evolutionary insights into the functioning of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors
Authors: Hendrickson Wayne A. , Gong Zhen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe neuroendocrine system that comprises the glycoprotein hormones (GpHs) and their receptors is essential for reproduction and metabolism. Each GpH hormone is an αβ heterodimer of cystine‐knot proteins and its cognate receptor is a G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) distinguished by a large leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR) extracellular domain that binds the hormone and a class A GPCR transmembrane domain that signals through an associating heterotrimeric G protein. Hence, the receptors are called LRR‐containing GPCRs—LGRs. The vertebrate GpHs and LGRs have co‐evolved from homologs in the earliest metazoan animals, including sponges and comb jellies, but these are absent from unicellular organisms and plants. The two GpH subunits and accompanying LGR receptor of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are representative of the invertebrate evolutionary predecessors of human GpH proteins and their receptors, for example follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and the FSH receptor (FSHR). Atomic structures of the human GpHs and their receptors, which have been determined by X‐ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM), inform the evolutionary process and provide a mechanistic understanding of the transmission of biochemical signals of hormone binding at the cell surface to the elicitation of second messengers such as cyclic AMP in the cytoplasm. There is compelling biochemical and cellular evidence for the importance of receptor dimers in GpH signaling in cells; yet, all of the human receptors are monomeric as defined beautifully by cryo‐EM. Fortunately, the LGR of C. elegans is a stable dimer and its structure, when analyzed in the context of structural information from the human counterparts, predicts a hypothetical model for functionally relevant dimeric associations of the human GpH receptors.
Living donor uterus transplant research project in Singapore: Progress of the first case
Authors: Tan Hak Koon , Kee Terence Y. S. , Tan Bien Keem , Dahm‐Kähler Pernilla , Kvarnström Niclas , Nadarajah Ravinchandran , Chew Khong Yik , Tan Ban Hock , Ho Tew Hong , Tan Lay Kok , Tan Yin Ru , Thangaraju Sobhana , Wong Loong Tat , Lee John S. E. , Lim Leslie E. C. , Wong Shing Lih , Ng Lay Guat , Law Yan Mee , Lim Crystal , Jeyaraj Prema Raj , Poopalingam Ruban , Brännström Mats 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionTo report the progress of the human living uterus transplant research project in Singapore.Material and MethodsThe uterus transplant research project began in 2012 with a collaboration between the Swedish and Singapore teams. Ethics approval was obtained from the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board, the SingHealth Transplant and the Singapore General Hospital Biomedical Ethics Committee to perform 5 uterus transplant procedures in a collaborative multi‐site research study at the Singapore General Hospital. Regulatory approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health, Singapore. A suitable recipient–donor pair was identified. The living donor was the perimenopausal mother‐in‐law of the recipient who had Mayer–Rokitansky–Kuster–Hauser syndrome. They underwent the requisite matching process as well as robust medical, psychiatric and psychosocial assessments. The recipient then underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment resulting in 6 frozen blastocysts. Preparations were made for the transplant surgery on 25 November 2023 in Singapore General Hospital, aided by the 3 Uterus transplant experts from the Swedish Team, for whom temporary registration was granted by the Singapore Medical Council.ResultsThis first uterus transplant procedure involved an operative time of 10 h and 30 min for the donor. The synchronized recipient surgery lasted 6 h and 20 min. Surgery was by midline laparotomy in both the living donor and recipient. The total warm ischemic time of the graft was 45 min, and the cold ischemic time was 1 h 45 min (total ischemic time 2 h 30 min). The patient's first menstruation occurred 38 days after the uterus transplant procedure. Cytomegalovirus infection was detected 6 weeks postoperatively for which she was aggressively treated. Serial cervical biopsies showed no rejection and Doppler ultrasound of the transplanted uterus showed good uterine blood flow.ConclusionsTo date the Living Donor Uterus Transplant Research Project in Singapore has progressed with a uterus transplant surgery involving a living donor performed by a multidisciplinary team. The recipient had a menstrual period 38 days postoperatively. Further study of the outcomes from this procedure will inform the safety and efficacy of uterus transplant in the Singapore context.
First relapse in older adults with multiple myeloma: Creating new pathways in uncharted territory
Authors: Wildes Tanya M. 
Published: January 2025

Treatment options for older adults with relapsed multiple myeloma are constrained by the toxicities of existing treatments, the ageing‐associated vulnerabilities that may increase the risk of poor treatment tolerance and patient preferences for treatments that do not impair their function or cognition. The study by Toussea et al. epitomizes approaches to designing trials specifically for more vulnerable older adults and moves the field forward with a regimen of great interest for older adults experiencing their first relapse.Commentary on: Touzeau et al. Iberdomide, Ixazomib and Dexamethasone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma at first relapse. Br J Haematol 2025 (Online ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/bjh.19978.
Effects of Isoproterenol Administration in Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Patel Puja A. , Parsia Zachary N. , Aberra Tsion , Tillman Nayrana , Mathias Martin , Johnson Adam Newell Bohn , Girish Akanksha , Deb Brototo , Valdiviezo Carolina , Kaiser Christy , Srichai Monvadi B. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study evaluated the safety and efficacy of isoproterenol administration as an adjunct for achievement of target heart rate (HR) during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE).BackgroundIn DSE, optimal accuracy is achieved when a target HR of 85% of maximal predicted heart rate (MPHR) is attained. Although rarely studied, intravenous isoproterenol has been used as an adjunct therapy to dobutamine and atropine to increase chronotropic response during pharmacologic stress testing.MethodsWe identified 5569 DSE studies during which 264 received isoproterenol at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital from August 2011 to March 2023. Of the studies receiving isoproterenol, we collected clinical and echocardiographic parameters from each study to assess the effects of isoproterenol administration, including downstream events.ResultsIn 264 examinations with isoproterenol, 169 (64%) achieved 85% MPHR. Among these, 103 (39%) developed premature ventricular contractions, 79 (30%) developed symptoms including nausea/vomiting in 44 (17%), and chest pain in 15 (6%). There was a hypertensive response to stress in 53 studies (20%) and a hypotensive response in 37 studies (14%). There was no significant increase in 30‐day and 1‐year death when compared to studies that did not receive isoproterenol.ConclusionsIsoproterenol can effectively be used as an adjunctive agent in DSE to achieve the requisite hemodynamic stress for evaluation of ischemia, with a similar rate of side effects and complications compared to dobutamine and atropine stress testing.
Evaluating Statistical Distributions for Equivalent Conduit Flow in Suffusion Model of Cohesionless Gap‐Graded Soils
Authors: Huang Zhe , Zhang Bangwen , Xu Haijue , Bai Yuchuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSuffusion is a typical form of internal erosion and a major cause of the degradation and failure of hydraulic structures. Suffusion‐induced particle movement is a random process because of the statistical distribution of pore flows in soil. However, few studies have focused on the application of the statistical distribution of pore flow in the suffusion model. This study evaluates four statistical distributions of conduit flows to equate pore flow in calculating the soil particles movement rate in the suffusion model for cohesionless gap‐graded soils. Multiple experimental data are collected to comprehensively evaluate the four distribution‐based models with multiple variable changes during suffusion. The results show that the uniform distribution of the equivalent conduit flows is more accurate and reliable for gap‐graded soils than the other three distributions are. Compared with previous studies, this article directly provides an applicable statistical distribution of pore flows, which simplified calculation steps and improved efficiency by explicitly calculating the particle movement velocity. Moreover, the uniform distribution has a concise formula; thus, it is recommended to estimate suffusion in unstable gap‐graded soil. The accurate evaluation of statistical conduit flow is critical for the suffusion model because of its complete synchronicity with the particle movement rate. More attention should further be paid to the statistical distribution of pore flows, as the uniform distribution‐based model may also generate deviations during the later period of the simulation.