bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum Baseline Clinical Severity Scale Cut Points for Prognosticating Intracerebral Hemorrhage: INTERACT Studies
Authors: You Shoujiang , Zheng Danni , Yoshimura Sohei , Ouyang Menglu , Han Qiao , Wang Xia , Cao Yongjun , Delcourt Candice , Song Lili , Arima Hisatomi , Chen Xiaoying , Liu Chun-Feng , Lindley Richard I. , Robinson Thompson , Anderson Craig S. , Chalmers John ,   for the INTERACT Investigators
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:
The optimal cut point of baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale scores for prognosticating acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown.

METHODS:
Secondary analyses of participant data are from the INTERACT (Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trials) 1 and 2 studies. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to compare the predictive performance of baseline NIHSS and Glasgow Coma Scale scores, ICH score, and max-ICH score. Optimal cut points for predicting 90-day clinical outcomes (death or major disability [defined as modified Rankin Scale scores 3–6], major disability [defined as modified Rankin Scale scores 3–5], and death alone) were determined using the Youden index. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, hematoma volume, and other known risk factors for poor prognosis. We validated our findings in the INTERACT1 database.

RESULTS:
There were 2829 INTERACT2 patients (age, 63.5±12.9 years; male, 62.9%; ICH volume, 10.96 [5.77–19.49] mL) included in the main analyses. The baseline NIHSS score (area under the curve, 0.796) had better prognostic utility for predicting death or major disability than the Glasgow Coma Scale score (area under the curve, 0.650) and ICH score (area under the curve, 0.674) and was comparable to max-ICH score (area under the curve, 0.789). Similar findings were observed when assessing the outcome of major disability. A cut point of 10 on baseline NIHSS optimally (sensitivity, 77.5%; specificity, 69.2%) predicted death or major disability (adjusted odds ratio, 4.50 [95% CI, 3.60–5.63]). The baseline NIHSS cut points that optimally predicted major disability and death alone were 10 and 12, respectively. The predictive effect of NIHSS≥10 for poor functional outcomes was consistent in all subgroups including age and baseline hematoma volume. Results were consistent when analyzed in the independent INTERACT1 validation database.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with mild-to-moderate ICH, a baseline NIHSS score of ≥10 was optimal for predicting poor outcomes at 90 days. Prediction based on baseline NIHSS is better than baseline Glasgow Coma Scale score.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00226096 and NCT00716079.
Palestinian Artists and the Biennial, from “Baghdad 1974: A Summary of the First Arab Biennial of Fine Arts”
Authors: Maraini Toni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1974, Moroccan cultural journal Intégral published a special edition on the first Arab biennial of visual arts, which had just taken place in Baghdad. The two documents translated here come from this special edition, and both of them deal with the Palestinian presence at the landmark exhibition. Moroccan artist Mohamad Chebaa and Italian-Moroccan art historian Toni Maraini each consider Palestine an ideal arena for the development of decolonial “combat art,” but express disappointment with its pavilion's emphasis on folk idioms over images of armed struggle. The introduction to these documents situates them in relation to Moroccan and Palestinian discourses surrounding heritage and colonialism, arguing that the Palestinian context erodes the distinction between “folk” and “combat” art in ways foreign to the Casablanca-based intellectuals.
Relationship of post-race tracheal mucus scores to performance and the environment in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds
Authors: Hemmerling K. , Sanz M. , Wang Y. , Fisher A. , Sellon D. , Gold J. , Shoemaker S. , Bagshaw J. , Leguillette R. , Bayly W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Post-race tracheal mucus is a common finding in 2-year-old Thoroughbreds without signs of respiratory disease, and its clinical relevance is unclear. We evaluated the relationship between mucus score (0-5) and racing performance, racetrack location, surface and condition and some environmental factors in this age-group of horses. 1,071 post-race videoendoscopies were independently assigned mucus scores by three observers blinded to horse identity, and the consensus score was recorded. Pearson’s Chi-squared independence test and ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test analysed relationships of mucus scores to performance and racetrack environmental variables, respectively. Significance was set at . Tracheal mucus was observed post-racing in 98% of videoendoscopies; 54% had mucus scores ≥3. Race distances (), horses’ race times (), and horses’ speed index () were not associated with mucus score. Lower mucus score was not associated with a better finishing place (). The association between racetrack surface material and mucus score was not significant (). Racetrack location () was associated with mucus score, but no single racetrack factor could be causally linked to this locational association. Neither stall construction material () nor bedding type () had a significant association with mucus score. Orientation of the horse’s stall within a barn (facing inwards vs facing outwards, n = 151) was not significantly associated with mucus score (). There was no combined effect of stall orientation and bedding type on mucus score (orientation and shavings: ; orientation and straw: ). Air quality index (AQI) was related to mucus score () with the likelihood of mucus score ≥2 increasing as AQI worsened (). While these results do not demonstrate an association between mucus score and performance or a cause-and-effect relationship between mucus scores and the racetrack environment, they do justify further investigations of factors influencing mucus scores in 2-year-old racing Thoroughbreds.
Cardiovascular training adaptations in Criollo breed horses: biochemical markers and morphofunctional parameters
Authors: Ribeiro P.F. , Pizzi G.L.B.L. , Silva P.M. , de O. Cavalcanti G.A. , Bruhn F.R.P. , Costa P.P.C. , França R.T. , Holz K. , de Godoy R.F. , Martins C.F. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the cardiovascular morphofunctional and biochemical training adaptations of Criollo breed horses. Thirty-one animals were evaluated, arranged in two groups – untrained horses, used as a control group (n = 17); trained horses, in training for the Freio de Ouro competition (n = 14). The means and standard deviation of echocardiographic, electrocardiographic and biochemical variables were measured and, subsequently, compared between groups of trained and untrained animals using Student’s t test, considering . Trained horses had lower biochemical levels of CK, CKMB and cTnI I when compared to untrained animals. The echocardiographic variables interventricular septum during diastole (IVSd), left ventricular free wall during systole (LVFWs), left ventricular free wall during diastole (LVFWd), left ventricular mass (LVMass), diameter of the aorta (Ao) and diameter of the left atrium (LA) have shown higher values in trained horses compared to untrained. Duration of the T wave was the only electrocardiographic variable that was influenced by training, showing higher values for untrained animals. Therefore, there is influence of training on biochemical variables, in addition to on morphological and functional echocardiographic/electrocardiographic characters in trained Criollo breed horses, characterised by concentric cardiac hypertrophy, when compared to untrained individuals. In addition, a majority of normal sinus heart rhythm was observed in the animals evaluated.
Dewey’s Notion of Intelligent Habit as a Basis for Ethical Assessment of Technology
Authors: Wieczorek Michał 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses how John Dewey’s notion of intelligent habit could contribute to technology ethics. For Dewey, intelligent (i.e., desirable) habits are reflective – arising from inquiry into the appropriate courses of action in each situation – and flexible – easily adaptable to the changing circumstances. We should strive to develop intelligent habits as they are the best tools for the achievement of our goals and are necessary for individual and societal flourishing. I argue that Dewey’s notion of intelligent habit makes it possible to identify the impact of technology on users’ identity and self-determination, advocate for the extension of user choice and malleability of technologies, and analyse the connections between the epistemic dimension of technology and users’ ability to flourish.
Addressing Common Misunderstandings of Somaesthetics
Authors: Bonnet T.J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article reviews and corrects frequent misunderstandings of somaesthetics, the multidisciplinary field of study of the lived body conceived by Richard Shusterman. After responding to an article published in Contemporary Pragmatism, I extend the discussion to cover larger topics of discussion related to somaesthetics and misapprehensions by its critics, including the nature of somatic experience, the role of pleasure, and the relevance of culture. In rectifying mistakes of understanding, it is hoped the effort will foster better understanding and better critique.
Climate Protection and Supply Chain Civil Liability
Authors: Godt Christine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This article explores two issues raised by the EU legislative project of a Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (“csddd”), that of climate change and civil liability. It focuses on environmental issues – and leaves workers´ protection aside. The comparison of the various draft texts of the EU Commission of 23 February 2022, the position of the ep´s Committee on Legal Affairs of 8 November 2022, the Council´s joint statement of 1 December 2022, and the ep´s statement of 1 June 2023 reveals that climate abatement has become an important pillar, next to workers´ protection. The analysis shows how contested the instrument of civil liability in the context of climate change abatement has become. It is most likely that civil liability for the violation of climate change related due diligence obligations will become central to the final package of compromises, and once enacted it may neither be frequent, nor an important legal tool. However, for the understanding of the political momentum, it is important to understand the background of some delegations standpoints, in this case the fierce opposition of the German delegation against civil liability as a tool, and the counter arguments. The analysis also reveals some interesting novelties: Liability would, if causation could be established, extend to ecological damages. The concept of due diligence changes some basic requirements of civil liability, such as the violation of a duty, the addressee of a claim and the procedural set-up. The limitation to large firms is consistent with this concept, and does not appear non-equitable.
Scarabaeidae as human food – A comprehensive review
Authors: Siddiqui S.A. , Ampofo K.A. , Dery E.K. , Eddy-Doh A.M. , Castro-Muñoz R. , Pushpalatha M. , Fernando I. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rising global population and sustainable protein demand have sparked interest in unique food sources. Entomophagy, or insect consumption, presents a solution and Scarab beetles, part of the Scarabaeidae family, offer a novel food option. The comprehensive review underscores their potential as human food, with strong nutrition, low environmental impact, and the ability to ease strain on conventional agriculture. Nutritional analysis reveals rich protein content, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Scarab beetles’ beneficial fatty acid profile and healthy fats position them as a superior protein source to traditional livestock. Scarabaeidae excel in feed conversion, emit fewer greenhouse gases, and require minimal land, establishing them as an ecologically sustainable protein source. Cultural attitudes towards insect consumption vary; history exists in some regions while skepticism prevails in others. Highlighting nutritional advantages, organizing outreach, and introducing processed scarab products could enhance acceptance. The review addresses challenges including mass rearing, processing, allergens, and toxins. Evolving insect-based food regulations require cautious consideration. Success depends on multidisciplinary efforts including nutrition, environmental sustainability, cultural openness, and regulatory alignment. Continued research and collaboration are essential to fully unlock Scarabaeidae’s potential as a sustainable, nutritious food source for our growing global population.
Consumer acceptance of and willingness to pay for animal food products from livestock fed insects in the United States
Authors: Fukuda E.P. , Omana Sudhakaran P. , Drewery M.L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Insects have potential to be integrated into livestock feeding systems to enhance sustainability of food production. However, Western consumers generally oppose insects as food and it is unknown if U.S. consumers will accept animal food products from livestock fed insects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate U.S. consumers’ acceptance of and willingness to pay (WTP) for animal products from livestock fed insects with an emphasis on identifying underlying drivers that shape acceptance. We developed a questionnaire-based survey that was distributed via convenience sampling to adult U.S. consumers (n = 361). A multinomial logit model was used to identify drivers affecting consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed; the dependent variable had three categories representing consumer attitude: supportive, neutral, or opposing. Of respondents, 34% accepted insects as livestock feed, 15% were opposed, and 52% were neutral. Respondents more likely to accept insects as livestock feed were younger (18-24 vs 35-44 years; ), had higher average household income ($50,000-$100,000 vs <$25,000; ), and higher educational attainment (master’s degree vs high school diploma; ). The factors that, if true, would most strongly influence consumer acceptance of insects as livestock feed were: ‘If I knew the insects were healthy for the livestock’ (74% of respondents); ‘If I knew it would not affect the balance of our eco-system’ (66%); and ‘If I knew it would lessen the environmental impact of livestock production’ (61%). For WTP, 21% of respondents were willing to pay less for animal products from livestock fed insects, 72% of were willing to pay the same, and 7% were willing to pay more. Our findings outline demographics of most likely U.S. consumers for animal products from livestock fed insects and indicate that outreach should highlight environmental, animal welfare, and economic benefits of insects as livestock feed to increase U.S. consumer adoption.
Dietary application of Hermetia illucens larvae meal negatively affected the fillet quality and fatty acid metabolism of pearl gentian grouper
Authors: Huang B. , Zhang Y. , Zhang S. , Dong X. , Chi S. , Yang Q. , Liu H. , Deng J. , Tan B. , Xie S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) (BSF) is an insect that can be fed with food waste, and its larval meal is now studied as a feed ingredient to reduce the use of fish meal. However, adding BSF into the feed of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ߻ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ߼) did not give good results. Higher levels of BSF substitution caused disorders of fatty acid metabolism, leads to fatty liver, and caused oxidative damage in the liver. Also, higher levels of BSF substitution reduced percentage of thick myofibers and significantly affected 40 of metabolites, including dodecanoic acid, D-lyxose, D-aspartic acid, and glutathione in the muscle, which did no positive effect on the improvement of fish meat. Therefore, BSF may require further processing, such as degreasing, in order to be better used.
Analytical and numerical characterisation of terminal velocities of Tenebrio molitor larvae in a new, asymmetrical zigzag based separation system
Authors: Baur A. , Batmaz E. , Gatternig B. , Delgado A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Separation of Tenebrio molitor larvae from unwanted residues, like frass, feed or exuviae is a key process step for an industrial scale plant. One method to separate larvae from residues is using a zigzag air classifier. For designing and for an efficient operation of a zigzag air classifier, the terminal velocity is a key parameter to separate larvae from different residues with a high separation sensitivity. In this work, the terminal velocities of different larvae sizes are evaluated analytically, numerically and experimentally. For this, the sizes of 3 week to 12 week old larvae were used to calculate and simulate the terminal velocity. To validate the results, an experiment was carried out and compared with the analytical and numerical data. For this, a model for T. molitor larvae was designed to calculate the surface and volume of a larva to produce equivalent spheres with the same physical properties as a real larva. The results are showing similar curves with terminal velocities from 5 m/s for young larvae (3 weeks old) to 12 m/s for older larvae (12 weeks old). The deviations between each method are 1 m/s for smaller larvae and 1.5 m/s for bigger larvae. In further experiments and simulations, approaches with calculation methods for non-spherical particles are necessary to achieve results closer to reality due to the cylindrical shape of T. molitor larvae.
Does the addition of edible insects affect the formation of acrylamide during bread baking?
Authors: Burešová B. , Kotı́ková Z. , Paznocht L. , Lachman J. , Podhorecká K. , Martinek P. , Kurečka M. , Škvorová P. , Lampová B. , Kouřimská L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effect of insect powder addition on the acrylamide formation in leavened and unleavened wheat bread and on the content of its main precursors in raw material was investigated. The samples under study were prepared form wholemeal wheat flour supplemented with 5, 8, and 12% of field cricket or yellow mealworm powder. The addition of both insects increased the content of reducing sugars and free amino acids, except for asparagine, the limiting factor of acrylamide formation in cereal products, which was lower in the samples with the greatest cricket and mealworm supplementation than in the control wheat flour (242.4 and 177.9 vs 249.6 mg/kg). For unleavened bread, an increase in acrylamide was recorded with the highest share of cricket and mealworm compared to the control (up to 14.03 and 29.52 vs 11.02 μg/kg). Conversely, for leavened bread, the variants most supplemented with cricket and mealworm exhibited the lowest acrylamide content relative to the control (64.84 and 68.78 vs 82.47 μg/kg). It is indicated by the results that the supplementation of bakery products with insects enriches their nutritional value and does not pose a risk of increased acrylamide intake by consumers.
Impact of instant controlled pressure drop texturing on the drying of yellow mealworms
Authors: El Hajj R. , Mhemdi H. , Khashayar S. , Lefrançois V. , Allaf K. , Vorobiev E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Insects are increasingly being evaluated as promising protein sources for the food and feed sectors. However, to be accepted as a viable food source, insects must undergo proper processing. Drying is a crucial step in insect processing, as it inhibits the growth of harmful microorganisms, improves their stability and extends their shelf life. After drying, insects can be further processed into various forms, to make them more socially acceptable as food and feed. During drying, biological materials are prone to shrinking, which usually affects their quality. Shrinkage of dried biological material results in a compact structure and causes a significant reduction in water diffusivity. It is typically escorted with unsatisfactory organoleptic quality and problems with grinding. Therefore, including retexturing and structure-expanding techniques in regular drying procedures is becoming essential. The instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) technique was suggested as a texturing technique for yellow mealworms. DIC treatment successfully overcame shrinkage at treatment conditions of 0.194 MPa/32 s and above, resulting in enhanced water diffusivity of 1,833 and 682% for DIC-treated larvae at 0.45 MPa/25 s, dried at 50 and 60 °C, respectively, as compared to blanched larvae. Furthermore, DIC caused a 125% increase in the specific surface area of the dried meal, and a more uniform particle size distribution, both of which reflect the influence of this pretreatment on grinding and, consequently, the end product’s quality. Finally, experimental data of sorption isotherms at 20, 30, and 40 °C were fitted with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), and Oswin models to represent the sorption behaviour.
Animal performance and meat quality of two slow-growing chicken genotypes fed insects reared on municipal organic waste
Authors: Altmann B.A. , Geisler S. , Morthorst F. , Angeli S. , Bortolini S. , Gauly M. , Hummel J. , Sünder A. , Mörlein D. , Traulsen I. , Ammer S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To keep up with increasing demand for animal protein, alternative protein sources will need to be included in current animal production systems. The efficient growth of Hermetia illucens larvae combined with municipal waste as a substrate has the potential to increase the sustainability of protein feed production. Therefore, this study partially substituted soymeal with H. illucens larval meal (reared on municipal waste) in broiler diets to determine the effect on slow-growing broiler (ISA-JA-757 and Les Bleues) production. Growth and slaughter performance, as well as animal welfare and meat quality parameters were evaluated. No influence of H. illucens larvae meal in the diet was found for weight gain, feed efficiency and slaughter performance. Animal welfare was also not influenced by diet. Fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat was influenced by the inclusion of H. illucens in the broiler diets; however not uniformly across meat cut. Differences between animal genotype and animal sex often influenced parameters under investigation more than diet itself. Overall, H. illucens can be regarded as a suitable protein source in slow-growing broiler diets.
Comparison of oil quality characteristics of Locusta migratoria, Allomyrina dichotoma, and Tenebrio molitor obtained using different extraction methods
Authors: Lee G.E. , Kim Y.J. , Jang H.B. , Cha J.Y. , Choi Y.-S. , Jang H.W. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In preparation of future food shortages, edible insects are receiving more attention as alternative foods. However, research on the fat of edible insects and the newly permitted Locusta migratoria in South Korea has been insufficient. In this study, Soxhlet and three-phase partitioning (TPP) methods were used to extract the oils of L. migratoria, Allomyrina dichotoma, and Tenebrio molitor L., which are permitted as edible insects in South Korea. After measuring the yield of the extracted oils and comparing the difference between the species of edible insects and the extraction methods, the yield of T. molitor was the highest, followed by those of A. dichotoma and L. migratoria. In addition, yields were higher when oils were extracted using the Soxhlet method. The composition of fatty acids and volatile chemicals in the oils was measured using GC-FID and SPME-Arrow-GC-MS, respectively. Volatile concentrations extracted using the Soxhlet method were higher than those obtained using TPP and the major groups in the three oils were acids and pyrazines. The findings of this study can support more intensive research on edible insect oil and food utilisation.