bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of mental distress in adults with and without a history of tuberculosis in an urban Zambian community
Authors: Mainga Tila , Schaap Ab , Scherer Nathaniel , Mactaggart Islay , Shanaube Kwame , Ayles Helen , Bond Virginia , Stewart Robert C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
People with tuberculosis (TB) are susceptible to mental distress. Mental distress can be driven by biological and socio-economic factors including poverty. These factors can persist beyond TB treatment completion yet there is minimal evidence about the mental health of TB survivors. A cross-sectional TB prevalence survey of adults was conducted in an urban community in Zambia. Survey participants were administered the five-item Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-5) mental health screening tool to measure mental distress. Associations between primary exposure (history of TB) and other co-variates with mental distress were investigated using logistic regression. Of 3,393 study participants, 120 were TB survivors (3.5%). The overall prevalence of mental distress (SRQ-5 ≥ 4) in the whole study population was 16.9% (95% CI 15.6%–18.1%). Previous TB history was not associated with mental distress (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.75–1.92, p-value 1.66). Mental distress was associated with being female (OR 1.23 95% CI 1.00–1.51), older age (OR 1.71 95% CI 1.09–2.68) and alcohol abuse (OR 1.81 95% CI 1.19–2.76). Our findings show no association between a previous TB history and mental distress. However, approximately one in six people in the study population screened positive for mental distress.
Investigation of the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation on the pathway of tryptophan/kynurenine in OCD
Authors: Delen Elif , Kucukali Cem Ismail , Karaaslan Zerrin , Yuceer Hande , Punar Seyma , Hakan Mehmet Tolgahan , Yaylim Ilhan , Ozkok Elif 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
Recent studies have shown that the distribution of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway (KP) plays a role in the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We aimed to reveal the relationship between CYP1A1 rs464903 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs10249788 associated with the KP and interferon gamma (IFN γ) and oxidative stress in OCD.

Methods:
In our study, the serum and DNAs of 150 samples, including 100 OCD patients and 50 controls, were used. The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the levels of IFN γ, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tryptophan, and kynurenine were determined by biochemical methods. AhR rs10249788 and cytochrome P450 family CYP1A1 rs4646903, which interact directly with the KP, were analysed by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result:
There were no significant differences between groups in CYP1A1 rs4646903 and AhR rs10249788 while tryptophan and IFN γ were found to be higher in controls (p < 0.001, for both), and TBARS and indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase were found to be higher in OCD (p < 0.001, for both). There were significant correlations between IFN γ and TBARS and GSH-Px (p = 0.028, p = 0.020, respectively) in the OCD group.

Conclusions:
For the first time studied in OCD, it has been shown that IFN γ, tryptophan, oxidative stress parameters, and gene variants of CYP1A1 rs4646903 anAhR rs10249788 are shown effective on the KP.
Multi-locus phylogeny of Bryoria reveals recent diversification and unexpected diversity in section Divaricatae
Authors: Myllys Leena , Pino-Bodas Raquel , Velmala Saara , Wang Li-Song , Goward Trevor 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the genus Bryoria (Parmeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes) has been the subject of considerable phylogenetic scrutiny. Here we used information on six gene regions, three nuclear protein-coding markers (Mcm7, GAPDH and Tsr1), two nuclear ribosomal markers (ITS and IGS) and a partial mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), to examine infrageneric relationships in the genus and to assess species delimitation in the Bryoria bicolor/B. tenuis group in section Divaricatae. For this purpose, phylogenetic analyses and several of the available algorithms for species delimitation (ASAP, GMYC single, GMYC multiple and bPTP) were employed. We also estimated divergence times for the genus using *BEAST. Our phylogenetic analyses based on the combined data set of six gene loci support the monophyly of sections Americanae, Divaricatae and Implexae, while section Bryoria is polyphyletic and groups in two clades. Species from Bryoria clade 1 are placed in an emended section Americanae. Our study reveals that section Divaricatae is young (c. 5 My) and is undergoing diversification, especially in South-East Asia and western North America. Separate phylogenetic analyses of section Divaricatae using ITS produced a topology congruent with the current species concepts. However, the remaining gene regions produced poorly resolved phylogenetic trees and the different species delimitation methods also generated highly inconsistent results, congruent with other studies that highlight the difficulty of species delimitation in groups with recent and rapid radiation. Based on our results, we describe the new species B. ahtiana sp. nov., characterized by its bicolorous, caespitose, widely divergent thallus, conspicuously thickening main stems, well-developed secondary branches, and rather sparse third-order branchlets. Another new lineage, referred to here as B. tenuis s. lat., is restricted to western North America and may represent a new species recently diverged from B. tenuis s. str., though further work is needed.
Neoplaca mirabilis, a new genus and a new epigaeic species containing naphthopyrans from the family Teloschistaceae
Authors: Frolov Ivan V. , Prokopiev Ilya A. , Konoreva Liudmila A. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe production of anthraquinones is a major characteristic of most species in the Teloschistaceae. Other secondary metabolites are quite rare in this family, but some species are known to produce depsides, depsidones, xanthones and usnic acid. A new monotypic genus, Neoplaca, with a new species N. mirabilis, is described from the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae, lacking anthraquinones but containing the naphthopyrans simonyellin and consimonyellin. This is the first time this class of organic compounds has been found in the family Teloschistaceae and the second in the order Teloschistales, where simonyellin has been detected in Brigantiaeaceae. Simonyellin and consimonyellin have also previously been reported in the family Roccellaceae. Neoplaca mirabilis is currently known from the two nearby localities in Yakutia, Russia, where it is common and grows on base-rich soil on exposed south-facing siliceous outcrops. The thallus consists of scattered whitish to greyish, or rarely with pale yellow tinge, squamules 1–4.5 mm diam. and 0.3–1 mm thick with citrine to orange-yellow blastidia produced from their margin; apothecia and pycnidia are unknown. In addition to naphthopyrans, N. mirabilis contains an unidentified brown pigment similar in some features to melanin. The new species is also interesting in that the pigments are apparently located inside the cells of the cortex, not on their surface, where anthraquinones are found in Teloschistaceae.
Statistical learning of phonotactics by children can be affected by another statistical learning task
Authors: Richtsmeier Peter T. , Goffman Lisa 
Published: November 2023

AbstractChildren typically produce high-frequency phonotactic sequences, such as the /st/ in “toaster,” more accurately than the lower frequency /mk/ in “tomcat.” This high-frequency advantage can be simulated experimentally with a statistical learning paradigm, and when 4-year-old children are familiarized with many examples of a sequence like /mk/, they generally produce it more accurately than if they are exposed to just a few examples. Here, we sought to expand our understanding of the high-frequency advantage, but surprisingly, we instead uncovered an exception. Twenty-nine children between 4 and 5 years of age completed a phonotactic statistical learning experiment, but they also completed a separate experiment focused on statistical learning of prosodic contours. The order of the experiments was randomized, with the phonotactic statistical learning experiment occurring first for half of the children. For the children who completed the phonotactic learning experiment first, the results were consistent with previous research and a high-frequency advantage. However, children who completed the phonotactic learning experiment second produced low-frequency sequences more accurately than high-frequency sequences. There is little precedent for the latter effect, but studies of multistream statistical learning may provide some context for unpacking and extending the result.
Development and initial evaluation of a treatment integrity measure for low-intensity group psychoeducational interventions
Authors: Gosling Jonah , Simmonds-Buckley Melanie , Kellett Stephen , Duffy Daniel , Olenkiewicz-Martyniszyn Katarzyna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground:Despite the importance of assessing the quality with which low-intensity (LI) group psychoeducational interventions are delivered, no measure of treatment integrity (TI) has been developed.Aims:To develop a psychometrically robust TI measure for LI psychoeducational group interventions.Method:This study had two phases. Firstly, the group psychoeducation treatment integrity measure-expert rater (GPTIM-ER) and a detailed scoring manual were developed. This was piloted by n=5 expert raters rating the same LI group session; n=6 expert raters then assessed content validity. Secondly, 10 group psychoeducational sessions drawn from routine practice were then rated by n=8 expert raters using the GPTIM-ER; n=9 patients also rated the quality of the group sessions using a sister version (i.e. GPTIM-P) and clinical and service outcome data were drawn from the LI groups assessed.Results:The GPTIM-ER had excellent internal reliability, good test–retest reliability, but poor inter-rater reliability. The GPTIM-ER had excellent content validity, construct validity, formed a single factor scale and had reasonable predictive validity.Conclusions:The GPTIM-ER has promising, but not complete, psychometric properties. The low inter-rater reliability scores between expert raters are the main ongoing concern and so further development and testing is required in future well-constructed studies.
Mayo normative studies: regression-based normative data for ages 30–91 years with a focus on the Boston Naming Test, Trail Making Test and Category Fluency
Authors: Karstens Aimee J. , Christianson Teresa J. , Lundt Emily S. , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Fields Julie A. , Kremers Walter K. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Vemuri Prashanthi , Jack Clifford R. , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Stricker Nikki H. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractObjective:Normative neuropsychological data are essential for interpretation of test performance in the context of demographic factors. The Mayo Normative Studies (MNS) aim to provide updated normative data for neuropsychological measures administered in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA), a population-based study of aging that randomly samples residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from age- and sex-stratified groups. We examined demographic effects on neuropsychological measures and validated the regression-based norms in comparison to existing normative data developed in a similar sample.Method:The MNS includes cognitively unimpaired adults ≥30 years of age (n = 4,428) participating in the MCSA. Multivariable linear regressions were used to determine demographic effects on test performance. Regression-based normative formulas were developed by first converting raw scores to normalized scaled scores and then regressing on age, age2, sex, and education. Total and sex-stratified base rates of low scores (T < 40) were examined in an older adult validation sample and compared with Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS) norms.Results:Independent linear regressions revealed variable patterns of linear and/or quadratic effects of age (r2 = 6–27% variance explained), sex (0–13%), and education (2–10%) across measures. MNS norms improved base rates of low performance in the older adult validation sample overall and in sex-specific patterns relative to MOANS.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate the need for updated norms that consider complex demographic associations on test performance and that specifically exclude participants with mild cognitive impairment from the normative sample.
Speaking the same language – a scoping review to identify the terminology associated with social prescribing
Authors: Newstead Simon , Elliott Megan , Cavanagh Dawn , Tetlow Sion , Wallace Carolyn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Aim:
To identify the social prescribing-related terminology within the peer-reviewed literature of the UK and the grey literature from Wales.

Background:
Social prescribing has seen a period of development that has been accompanied by a proliferation of related terminology and a lack of standardisation in the manner in which it is employed. This creates barriers to engagement and impairs communication, both between professionals and members of the public. The Wales School for Social Prescribing Research and Public Health Wales committed to the development of a glossary of terms for social prescribing, to facilitate the clarification and standardisation of the associated terminology. Here, we describe the first step in that process.

Method:
A scoping review of the peer-reviewed UK literature and Welsh grey literature was conducted. The titles and abstracts of 46,242 documents and the full text of 738 documents were screened. Data were charted from 205 documents. Data capture included terminology, the location within the UK of the research or intervention described in the article, and the perspective from which the article was authored. A general inductive approach was used to categorise the terms by theme.

Findings:
This research serves to highlight the breadth and diversity of the terminology associated with social prescribing. Results demonstrate aspects of shared commonality and clear distinction between the terminology from the two literature sources. The greatest contributions of terms were from articles that examined research and/or interventions in England and that were authored from the perspective of health or health and social care. The research indicates that nation- and sector-specific terms may not be adequately represented in the literature at large. Looking forward, it will be important to ensure that social prescribing terminology within the UK literature is culturally relevant and accurately reflects the terminology used by the workforce who encounter and deliver social prescribing.
POLISH SPACES OF BANACH SPACES: COMPLEXITY OF ISOMETRY AND ISOMORPHISM CLASSES
Authors: Cúth Marek , Doležal Martin , Doucha Michal , Kurka Ondřej 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe study the complexities of isometry and isomorphism classes of separable Banach spaces in the Polish spaces of Banach spaces, recently introduced and investigated by the authors in [14]. We obtain sharp results concerning the most classical separable Banach spaces.We prove that the infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space is characterized as the unique separable infinite-dimensional Banach space whose isometry class is closed, and also as the unique separable infinite-dimensional Banach space whose isomorphism class is
$F_\sigma $
. For
$p\in \left [1,2\right )\cup \left (2,\infty \right )$
, we show that the isometry classes of
$L_p[0,1]$
and
$\ell _p$
are
$G_\delta $
-complete sets and
$F_{\sigma \delta }$
-complete sets, respectively. Then we show that the isometry class of
$c_0$
is an
$F_{\sigma \delta }$
-complete set.Additionally, we compute the complexities of many other natural classes of separable Banach spaces; for instance, the class of separable
$\mathcal {L}_{p,\lambda +}$
-spaces, for
$p,\lambda \geq 1$
, is shown to be a
$G_\delta $
-set, the class of superreflexive spaces is shown to be an
$F_{\sigma \delta }$
-set, and the class of spaces with local
$\Pi $
-basis structure is shown to be a
$\boldsymbol {\Sigma }^0_6$
-set. The paper is concluded with many open problems and suggestions for a future research.
Optimization and Validation of Soil Frozen‐Thawing Parameterizations in Noah‐MP
Authors: Yang Kai , Yang Jintao , Zhaoye Pinghan , Zhang Feimin , Zhang Guo , Wang Chenghai 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWater‐heat transport in frozen soil influences the energy and water exchanges between land and atmosphere. However, frozen soil water‐heat transport simulation biases remaining in land surface model (LSM) result in uncertainties of climate model performance. In this study, the biases of the Noah with multi‐parameterization (Noah‐MP) land surface model in simulating soil water‐heat transport in freeze‐thaw (FT) process were investigated. On this basis, three parameterizations that were effective in other LSMs were implemented into Noah‐MP to optimize its performance. The results show that Noah‐MP still exhibits biases in simulating soil temperature and moisture in FT process. Even with various combinations of current parametrizations, the soil water–heat coupling relationship simulated by Noah‐MP does not align with observations. Nevertheless, the implementation of a virtual temperature parameterization, a liquid water‐dependent soil permeability parameterization, and modifications to soil hydraulic and thermal properties through considering the influences of organic matter and gravel, led to improvements in soil moisture and temperature simulations during both completely frozen and thawing periods. These enhancements resulted in a reduction of bias by approximately 20%–50%, and the simulated soil water–heat coupling relationship with implemented parameterizations closely matches observations. Global simulations further validate the improvements brought about by the implemented frozen‐thawing parameterizations in Noah‐MP.
Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosols Impacts on West African Monsoon Precipitation Using GeoMIP Models
Authors: Bonou Frédéric , Da‐Allada Casimir Yelognisse , Baloitcha Ezinvi , Alamou Eric , Biao Eliezer Iboukoun , Zandagba Josué , Obada Ezéchiel , Pomalegni Yves , Irvine Peter James , Tilmes Simone 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStratospheric Aerosol Geoengineering (SAG) is proposed to offset global warming; however, the use of this approach can an impact on the hydrological cycle. We used simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (G3 simulation) to analyze the impacts of SAG on precipitation (P) and to determine its responsible causes in West Africa and Sahel region. CMIP5 historical data were first validated, the results obtained are consistent with observational data. Under the Representative Concentration Pathway scenario RCP4.5, a slight increase is found in the West Africa Region relative to present‐day climate. The dynamic processes especially, the monsoon shifts are responsible for this precipitation change. Under RCP4.5, during the monsoon period, reductions in P are 0.86%, 0.80% relative to the present‐day climate in the Northern and Southern Sahel, respectively, while precipitation is increased by 1.04% in the West African Region. Under SAG, we find a 3.71% decrease of precipitation in the West African Region while the precipitation decrease is 17.4% and 8.47% respectively in the North Sahel and South Sahel. This decrease in monsoon precipitation is mainly explained by changes in dynamics, which lead to weakened monsoon circulation and a shift in the distribution of monsoon precipitation. This result suggests that SAG deployment to balance all warming can be harmful to rainfall in WAR if the amount of SO2 to be injected into this tropical area is not taken into consideration.
Seismic Cycle in Bituminous Dolostones (Monte Camicia Thrust Zone, Central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Chinello Miriana , Bersan Elena , Fondriest Michele , Tesei Telemaco , Gomila Rodrigo , Di Toro Giulio 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSeismic ruptures often propagate along fault zones cutting km‐thick sequences of carbonates (e.g., Wenchuan Mw 7.8, 2008, China; L’Aquila Mw 6.1, 2009, Italy). As a consequence, fault rock assemblages may record the seismic cycle under a wide range of loading conditions, temperatures (>1,000°C during co‐seismic slip), and fluid‐rock interactions. The Monte Camicia Thrust Zone in the Italian Central Apennines is exhumed from ∼3 km depth. We studied the seismic cycle recorded by a network of faults cutting bituminous dolostones in the footwall of the Monte Camicia Thrust. These faults accommodate up to several meters of displacement. Slip zones are mm‐ to cm‐thick and bounded by ultra‐polished (“mirror‐like”) surfaces independently of their displacement. At the microscale, deformation is accommodated by cataclasis and pressure‐solution in carbonates, and viscous flow in the foliated bitumen. Some of the faults with displacements >0.10 m have multiple slip zones, separated by “mirror‐like” surfaces, and include clasts of foliated bitumen and fragments of older slip zones sealed by calcite precipitation. We conclude that (a) slip zones record post‐ to inter‐seismic (foliated bitumen) and co‐seismic (fragments of bitumen) deformation in a fluid‐rich environment (calcite precipitation) and (b) mirror‐like surfaces formed during all phases of the seismic cycle.
A 6.2 Ma‐Long Record of Major Explosive Eruptions From the NW Pacific Volcanic Arcs Based on the Offshore Tephra Sequences on the Northern Tip of the Emperor Seamount Chain
Authors: Ponomareva V. V. , Portnyagin M. V. , Bubenshchikova N. V. , Zelenin E. A. , Derkachev A. N. , Jicha B. , Gorbarenko S. A. , Cook E. , Garbe‐Schönberg D. , Hoernle K. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe present a continuous ∼6.2 Ma long record of explosive activity from the Northwest Pacific volcanic arcs based on a composite tephra sequence derived from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 882A and 884B, and core MD01‐2416 on the Detroit Seamount. Geochemical fingerprinting of tephra glass using major and trace element analyses and correlations of tephra layers between the three cores allowed the identification of 119 unique tephras, suggesting eruptions of magnitude (M) of 5.8–7.8. Age estimates for all the identified eruptions were obtained with the help of published and further refined age models for the studied cores, direct 40Ar/39Ar dating of four ash layers, and Bayesian age modeling. The glass compositions vary from low‐ to high‐K2O basaltic andesite to rhyolite and exhibit typical subduction‐related affinity. The majority of the tephras originated from Kamchatka, only a few tephras—from the neighboring Kuril and Aleutian arcs. The glass compositions revealed no temporal trends but made it possible to identify their source volcanic zones in Kamchatka and, in some cases, to determine their source eruptive centers. Our data indicates episodes of explosive activity recorded in the Detroit tephra sequence at ∼6,200, 5,600–5,000, 4,300–3,700 ka, and almost continuous activity since ∼3,000 ka. Within the latter episode, the most active intervals can be identified at 1,700–1,600, 1,150–1,050, and 600–50 ka. Geochemically fingerprinted and dated Detroit tephra sequence form a framework for dating and correlating diverse paleoenvironmental archives across the Northwest Pacific and for studies of geochemical evolution of the adjacent volcanic arcs.