bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary sulfated polysaccharides extracted fromCaulerpasp. andPadinasp. modulated physiological performance, antibacterial activity and ammonia challenge test in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Jahaniyan Bahnamiri Ahmad , Abedian Kenari Abdolmohammad , Babaei Sedigheh , Banavreh Akbar , Soltanian Siyavash 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNowadays, the use of seaweed derivatives in aquaculture has drawn attention for their potential as an immunostimulant and growth promotor. The sulfated polysaccharide extracted (SPE) from green (Caulerpasp.; SPC) and brown (Padinasp.; SPP) seaweeds with two concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%); nominated in four groups: SPC0.05, SPC0.1, SPP0.05, SPP0.1and control group (free of SPE) were used for juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diet. Fish (N: 150; 8.5 ± 0.2 g) were selected aleatory distributed in 15 circular tanks (triplicate for the group) and fed test diets for 56 days. The outcomes revealed that the supplementation of SPEup to 1 g kg−1failed to show significant differences in the organosomatic indices as compared to the control group. The most inferior protein value of dress‐out fish composition was observed in the fish fed the control diet, which was statistically lower than the SCP0.1group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in other macronutrient composition among the treatments. Total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) had lower trend in the carcass of fish fed SPEsupplemented diets, so that lowest MUFA were observed in SPC0.05group (p < 0.05; 25.22 ± 4.29%). The lowest value of docosahexaenoic acid was observed in the control diet compared to the SPE‐supplemented diets (p < 0.05). The serum alternative complement pathway levels in all treatments tend to promote compared to the control treatment. A similar trend was observed for lysozyme activity. According to the results, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) value were highest in SPC0.05and SPC0.1compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05), while a further elevation of the SPEPadinasp. extracted level (SPP0.1) leads to a decrease in SOD value. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of plasma was indicated not to influence by sulfated polysaccharide extracts in the refrigerated storage. The lowest serum stress indicators were observed in fish fed SPP0.05group postchallenge test. Taken together, our outcomes revealed that SPEof two species of seaweeds bestows benefits in some of the immunity and antioxidant system. Also, notable elevations in HUFA were observed in juvenile rainbow trout fed supplemented with SPE.
Can the annual bycatch per unit effort of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) be used to index the species' relative abundance in the East Sea of Korea?
Authors: Yoo Joon‐Taek , Park Kyum Joon 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVisual line‐transect surveys are widely used to estimate the abundance of cetacean populations; however, this method can be prohibitively expensive. Thus, a less expensive alternative method was investigated in the present study, i.e., whether temporal changes in the bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) of cetaceans could be used to index the changes in their abundance. Specifically, the relationship between the annual BPUE of two main bycatch fisheries and the relative abundance of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) was examined in 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2017 when vessel‐based line‐transect surveys were conducted in the coastal region of the East Sea of Korea. The encounter rate (individuals/km) by study year was significantly correlated with the annual BPUE of set nets. An increase in the density (individuals/km2) of common dolphins, estimated according to a hazard‐rate key function by study year, was associated with an increase in the BPUE of set nets. These results suggest that the annual BPUE of common dolphins could be used to index the species' relative abundance. The BPUE of set nets, which are fixed in coastal regions, reflect the densities of common dolphins in the coastal regions better than that of gill nets used in coastal and offshore regions.
Brassinosteroid enhances salt tolerance via S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase and nitric oxide signaling pathway in mangrove Kandelia obovata
Authors: Zeng Lin‐Lan , Song Ling‐Yu , Wu Xuan , Ma Dong‐Na , Song Shi‐Wei , Wang Xiu‐Xiu , Zheng Hai‐Lei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to modulate plant tolerance to various stresses. S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is involved in the plant response to environment stress by fine‐turning the level of nitric oxide (NO). However, whether GSNOR is involved in BR‐regulated Na+/K+ homeostasis to improve the salt tolerance in halophyte is unknown. Here, we firstly reported that high salinity increases the expression of BR‐biosynthesis genes and the endogenous levels of BR in mangrove Kandelia obovata. Then, salt‐induced BR triggers the activities and gene expressions of GSNOR and antioxidant enzymes, thereafter decrease the levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide. Subsequently, BR‐mediated GSNOR negatively regulates NO contributions to the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation and induction of the gene expression related to Na+ and K+ transport, leading to the decrease of Na+/K+ ratio in the roots of K. obovata. Finally, the applications of exogenous BR, NO scavenger, BR biosynthetic inhibitor and GSNOR inhibitor further confirm the function of BR. Taken together, our result provides insight into the mechanism of BR in the response of mangrove K. obovata to high salinity via GSNOR and NO signaling pathway by reducing oxidative damage and modulating Na+/K+ homeostasis.
Causal decision theory, context, and determinism
Authors: McNamara Calum 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe classic formulation of causal decision theory (CDT) appeals to counterfactuals. It says that you should aim to choose an option that would have a good outcome, were you to choose it. However, this version of CDT faces trouble if the laws of nature are deterministic. After all, the standard theory of counterfactuals says that, if the laws are deterministic, then if anything—including the choice you make—were different in the present, either the laws would be violated or the distant past would be changed. And as several authors have shown, it's easy to transform this upshot of the standard theory of counterfactuals into full‐blown counterexamples to CDT. In response to these counterexamples, I argue here that the problem lies, not so much with CDT's guiding idea—that it's the expected causal consequences of your actions that matter for rational decision‐making—but with the fact that the classic formulation of CDT doesn't pay sufficient attention to the context‐sensitivity of counterfactuals. I develop a contextualist version of CDT which better accounts for this context‐sensitivity. And I show that my theory avoids the problems faced by the classic formulation of CDT in determinstic worlds.
Gender and moral language on the presidential campaign trail
Authors: Redlawsk David P. , Nam Jiwon , Walter Annemarie S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPolitical candidates choose to highlight morality in their campaign speeches in various ways. In particular, we expect presidential candidates to highlight moral principles in introducing themselves to voters early in the campaign. However, usage may not be the same across candidates. Existing research suggests that, in general, women focus on different moral values than men. The question is whether such findings in the mass public translate into rhetorical differences between men and women presidential candidates. We know little about whether such gender differences exist, and if so, how they might influence voters. We examine a unique data set of presidential candidate speeches given in Iowa in the 2016 and 2020 nomination campaigns, developing and testing hypotheses about gender, the use of moral language, and its effects on vote outcomes. Using automated text analysis, we find that all else equal, while women candidates do not use more moral language overall, they do emphasize care and fairness more than men, and in doing so, they may be disadvantaging themselves, especially when using language related to fairness.
Holding out for a hero: Linking hiring duration and managerial fit
Authors: Wightman G. Breck 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough prolonged executive vacancies are often viewed negatively, decision‐makers often extend the hiring duration in an attempt to identify the right fit. What is the relationship between the hiring duration and the level of fit in the new hire? Using the presidential hires of elite colleges and universities in the United States between 2005 and 2019, this study identifies the effects of executive search and vacancy durations on managerial fit. Findings indicate a nonlinear relationship between search duration and fit; longer searches lead to less fit in the short‐term, but this effect diminishes after roughly 77 weeks. Surprisingly, this effect is also dampened over time by longer vacancy duration, which acts as a moderator between search duration and fit. Thus, to the extent that decision‐makers are concerned about fit and short‐term performance, steps should be taken to reduce search duration as much as possible, unless a long vacancy is likely to be incurred.
Characterisation of topographical, biomechanical and maturation properties of corneocytes with respect to anatomical location
Authors: Évora Ana S. , Zhang Zhibing , Johnson Simon A. , Adams Michael J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Stratum Corneum (SC) is the first barrier of the skin. The properties of individual cells are crucial in understanding how the SC at different anatomical regions maintains a healthy mechanical barrier. The aim of the current study is to present a comprehensive description of the maturation and mechanical properties of superficial corneocytes at different anatomical sites in the nominal dry state.Materials and methodsCorneocytes were collected from five anatomical sites: forearm, cheek, neck, sacrum and medial heel of 10 healthy young participants. The surface topography was analysed using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The level of positive‐involucrin cornified envelopes (CEs) and desmoglein‐1 (Dsg1) were used as indirect measures of immature CEs and corneodesmosomes, respectively. In addition, AFM nanoindentation and stress‐relaxation experiments were performed to characterise the mechanical properties.ResultsVolar forearm, neck and sacrum corneocytes presented similar topographies (ridges and valleys) and levels of Dsg1 (13–37%). In contrast, cheek cells exhibited circular nano‐objects, while medial heel cells were characterized by villi‐like structures. Additionally, medial heel samples also showed the greatest level of immature CEs (32–56%, p < 0.001) and Dsg1 (59–78%, p < 0.001). A large degree of inter‐subject variability was found for the Young's moduli of the cells (0.19–2.03 GPa), which was correlated with the level of immature CEs at the cheek, neck and sacrum (p < 0.05).ConclusionIt is concluded that a comprehensive study of the mechanical and maturation properties of corneocytes may be used to understand the barrier functions of the SC at different anatomical sites.
Framing, responsiveness, serviceability, and normativity: Categories of perception teachers use to relate to students' mathematical contributions in problem‐based lessons
Authors: Herbst Patricio , Brown Amanda , Chazan Daniel , Boileau Nicolas , Stevens Irma 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe contribute to the understanding of teacher noticing by focusing on what a teacher may notice in students' mathematical contributions in the context of problem‐based lessons. Complementing approaches to research on noticing that focus on individual teachers' perceptual, cognitive, or situated skills, this conceptual article offers four categories of perception as examples of affordances available in the practice of teaching mathematics through problems. These include (1) the familiar instructional situations available to frame the problem, and the possibility to see student's work as (2) responsive to the problem, (3) serviceable for the knowledge at stake, and (4) normative with respect to the instructional situation used to frame the problem. The article shows examples of how teachers recognize responsiveness, serviceability, and normativity of student contributions and calls for research that can further uncover how such recognition may matter in the practice of teaching.
Virtual Model Development of the Load Application System of a Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench for Hybrid Test Applications
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Omer , Nejad Amir R. , Pedersen Eilif 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The existing nacelle testing methods require continuous improvements to satisfy the ever-increasing demands for testing modern wind turbines. One way to achieve this goal is to use advanced simulation techniques to undertake hybrid testing, in which experiments and simulations are combined to push the boundaries of nacelle testing even further. To do so requires the development of a virtual model of the test bench featuring the true test bench dynamics and functionalities. This contribution presents the development of a virtual model of the complete nontorque load application system of a nacelle test bench at Fraunhofer IWES. The model development methodology is explained and the impact of different levels of modeling depth of the hydraulic system model is investigated. It is concluded that modeling of friction and valve dynamics is necessary as they have significant influence on the generated loads. These findings can help in the development of virtual models of nacelle test benches and pave the way for performing hybrid testing for wind turbine nacelles.
Effect of Power-Law Fluids Flow Structures on Germicides Disinfection Through Taylor–Couette Configuration
Authors: Hasballaoui Feriel , Khali Samir , Nebbali Rachid , Zidane Abderrahmane 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Fluid disinfection involving ultraviolet (UV) rays is a promising method due to its easy implementation and low cost compared to other methods. In the present work, fluid disinfection in a Taylor–Couette configuration operating with power-law fluids with different absorbance coefficients, and fluence rates were simulated using the lattice Boltzmann Method. The effects of operating parameters such as Taylor and axial Reynolds numbers, power-law index behavior, and fluence rate were analyzed. Results show that the required UV dose decreases for an increase in absorbance coefficient, while it grows for increasing power-law indexes. For Ta = 120 and Re = 3, the disinfection reaches 82.3% for pseudo-plastic fluids and is complete for dilatant fluids. Considering different absorbance coefficients, it was observed that α=0.4 leads to complete disinfection regardless of the fluid. For α=0.5, fluid disinfection is complete for the dilatant fluid only. A value of 0.6 leads to partial disinfection (≈90%) for all fluids.
Mutations in S2 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike strongly influence its conformation, fusogenicity, and neutralization sensitivity
Authors: Kumar Sahil , Delipan Rathina , Chakraborty Debajyoti , Kanjo Kawkab , Singh Randhir , Singh Nittu , Siddiqui Samreen , Tyagi Akansha , Jha Vinitaa , Thakur Krishan G. , Pandey Rajesh , Varadarajan Raghavan , Ringe Rajesh P. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 has a remarkable ability to respond to and evolve against the selection pressure by host immunity exemplified by the emergence of Omicron lineage. Here, we characterized the functional significance of mutations in Omicron (BA.1 and BA.5) spike. By systematic transfer of mutations in wild type (WT) spike, we assessed neutralization sensitivity, fusogenicity, and TMPRSS2-dependence for entry. The data revealed that the mutations in both S1 and S2 complement to make Omicron a highly resistant variant. Strikingly, the mutations in Omicron S2 modulated the neutralization sensitivity to N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain antibodies, but not to S2-specific neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that the mutations in S2 were primarily acquired to gain resistance to S1-antibodies. Although all six mutations in S2 appeared to act in concert, D796Y showed the greatest impact on neutralization sensitivity and rendered the WT virus >100-fold resistant to S309, COVA2-17, and 4A8. The S2 mutations greatly reduced the antigenicity to neutralizing antibodies due to reduced exposure of epitopes. In addition to the effect on potency, S2 mutations increased antigenic heterogeneity of Omicron spike protein and neutralization of pseudoviruses plateaued below 100%. In terms of the entry pathway, S1 or S2 mutations only partially altered the entry phenotype of WT, and both sets of mutations were required for a complete switch to the endosomal route and loss of syncytia formation. In particular, N856K and L981F in Omicron BA.1 compromised fusion capacity which helps explain why subsequent Omicron variants lost them in order to regain fusogenicity.

IMPORTANCE

The Omicron subvariants have substantially evaded host-neutralizing antibodies and adopted an endosomal route of entry. The virus has acquired several mutations in the receptor binding domain and N-terminal domain of S1 subunit, but remarkably, also incorporated mutations in S2 which are fixed in Omicron sub-lineage. Here, we found that the mutations in the S2 subunit affect the structural and biological properties such as neutralization escape, entry route, fusogenicity, and protease requirement.
In vivo
, these mutations may have significant roles in tropism and replication. A detailed understanding of the effects of S2 mutations on Spike function, immune evasion, and viral entry would inform the vaccine design, as well as therapeutic interventions aiming to block the essential proteases for virus entry. Thus, our study has identified the crucial role of S2 mutations in stabilizing the Omicron spike and modulating neutralization resistance to antibodies targeting the S1 subunit.
Observation of a quality improvement initiative to contextually adapt and use Robson classification in real time to collect data around CS delivery and to develop strategies to reduce CS rate
Authors: Kumari Prabha , Singh Mahtab , Sinha Shailja , Ranjan Rajeev , Sharma Parul , Maitra Camelia , Bansal Shalini 
Published: October 2023

The rising trend in caesarean section (CS) rate is a global concern and, in this hospital too, it rose from 21.5% in 2010 to 32.6% in 2018. The team followed the point of care quality improvement methodology and conducted a series of Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles to contextually modify and adapt Robson classification into the existing workflow to improve the process of documentation and data collection for CS in the first 6 months (January 2019–June 2019) and then to use these data to develop strategies to reduce CS rate below 30% in the next 18 months.To evaluate the impact of developed strategies, the team plotted the data on Statistical Process Control (XmR) chart. The baseline mean CS rate was 32.6%. The team observed a shift in the CS rate data twice, between April 2020 and December 2020 and between August 2021 and February 2021 with the mean 27.8% and 28.9%, respectively. October 2021 onwards, the team also observed a sustained reduction in the CS rate in women undergoing CS who had one previous CS. The mean CS rate reduced from 94% to 86%.The reductions in the CS rate were not sustained and followed by an increase again. The project highlighted the complexity of the factors related to CS delivery and the multidimensional barriers of sustaining the reduction in the CS rate. This is a well-sustained ongoing QI intervention and the team is further working on identifying the underlying factors to improve the efficacy of the interventions to sustain the reduction in the CS rate.This hospital represents the general population of North India seeking care in public healthcare facilities. Therefore, despite being a single-centre study, the population served and interpretations drawn from this study are generalisable to other hospitals with similar settings.
Shadow, quasinormal modes, greybody bounds, and Hawking sparsity of loop quantum gravity motivated non-rotating black hole
Authors: Jha Sohan Kumar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider loop quantum gravity (LQG) motivated 4D polymerized black hole and study shadow, quasinormal modes, and Hawking radiation. We obtain analytical expressions of photonsphere radius and shadow radius and study their qualitative and quantitative nature of variation with respect to the LQG parameter $$\alpha $$
α
. We also show shadows of the black hole for various values of $$\alpha $$
α
. Our study reveals that both radii increase with an increase in the parameter value. We, then, study quasinormal modes for scalar and electromagnetic perturbations using the 6th order WKB method. Our study reveals that the LQG parameter impacts quasinormal modes. We observe that the oscillation of gravitational wave (GW) and decay rate decrease as $$\alpha $$
α
increases. At the same time, the error associated with the 6th order WKB method increases with an increase in $$\alpha $$
α
. The ringdown waveform for electromagnetic and scalar perturbations is shown. We also study greybody bounds, power spectrum, and sparsity of Hawking radiation. Greybody bounds for electromagnetic perturbations do not depend on $$\alpha $$
α
. For scalar perturbation, greybody bounds increase as the LQG parameter increases, but the variation with $$\alpha $$
α
is very small. The peak of the power spectrum as well as total power emitted decrease as we increase the value of $$\alpha $$
α
. Also, the sparsity of Hawking radiation gets significantly impacted by quantum correction. Finally, we obtain the area spectrum of the black hole. It is found to be significantly different than that for the Schwarzschild black hole.
Acoustic Target Strength of Jellyfish, Nemopilema nomurai, Measured at Multi-Frequency and Multi-Orientation
Authors: Yang Hang , Cheng Jing , Tang Taolin , Chen Jun , Li Guodong 
Published: October 2023

The jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai occupies an important position in the Northwest Pacific ecosystem, and monitoring its biomass is necessary to ensure the protection of fishery resources and the safety of offshore industrial production. The acoustic method has been proposed for jellyfish flux estimation and bloom warning, in which the target strength (TS) of the jellyfish is a crucial parameter. However, varied swimming orientations of jellyfish aggregation result in different backscatter strengths. The acoustic echo characteristics in horizontal swimming orientations and multi-frequency broadband signals are yet to be revealed. This study aims to obtain the TS of jellyfish in various orientations and to comprehensively investigate the jellyfish acoustic echo features at various frequency broadband sounds. In an anechoic tank, we used wide-band echosounder and 70 kHz, 120 kHz, and 200 kHz split-beam transducers to measure the TS of jellyfish swimming omnidirectionally. The results show a difference of approximately 4 dB in the jellyfish’s normalized TS at 70 kHz (frequency range: 45 kHz to 95 kHz) and 200 kHz (frequency range: 160 kHz to 260 kHz) center frequency. The normalized TS of jellyfish varies by around 8 dB between horizontal and vertical swimming orientations. For jellyfish swimming horizontally, the TS and bell diameter have the following least squares fits:

T

S

D
70
k
H
z

=
20

log

D
−
89.36

r

2

=
0.83

;

T

S

D
200
k
H
z

=
20

log

D
−
93.85

r

2

=
0.83

. The swimming orientation has significant effects on TS estimation and model construction.