bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of new wetness tester for diagnosis of dry mouth in disabled patients
Authors: Kakinoki Yasuaki , Nishihara Tatsuji , Arita Masahiro , Shibuya Koji , Ishikawa Masao 
Published: November 2004

Objectives:  The condition of dry mouth is an influential factor in the incidence of caries, periodontal disease, fungal infections, masticatory dysfunctions and denture function. Bedridden elderly and disabled persons often suffer from oral dryness and the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring the amount of moisture in the oral mucosa for clinical diagnosis of dry mouth in this group.Subjects and methods:  The subjects were 20 elderly bedridden individuals, age range 65–89 years old, living in a nursing home and six healthy laboratory researchers, aged 20–46 years old, used as controls. Tongue dorsum moisture measurements were performed using a newly developed wetness tester (L‐SALIVO®), in which the wet portion was measured after 10 s. Further, clinical diagnosis of dry mouth was carried out using a clinical classification scale of the tongue mucosa (grade range, 0–3).Results:  It was possible to measure tongue dorsum moisture in all subjects with the wetness tester. The average moisture value was 0.1 ± 0.2 mm in elderly subjects with a dry mouth grade of 2 (n = 8) or 3 (n = 12), while the average moisture value in the control subjects was 3.67 ± 1.75 mm with a dry mouth grade of 0 (n = 4) or 1 (n = 2). Tester values and clinical classification showed a positive co‐relationship (r = 0.31, p < 0.05).Conclusions:  Our results show that this new tester could be useful for evaluating oral dryness and diagnosing dry mouth.
Agreement between bicarbonate measured on arterial and venous blood gases
Authors: Kelly Anne‐Maree , McAlpine Ross , Kyle Elizabeth 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective:  This study aims to determine the extent of agreement between venous and arterial bicarbonate for a group of emergency department patients with respiratory or metabolic illness requiring blood gas analysis as part of their evaluation.Methods:  This prospective study of patients who were deemed by their treating doctor to require an arterial blood gas analysis to determine their ventilatory or acid‐base status, compared bicarbonate on an arterial and a venous sample taken as close to simultaneously as possible. Data were analysed using bias (Bland‐Altman) methods. Subgroup analyses were performed for the metabolic, respiratory, chronic obstructive airways disease and acidotic subgroups.Results:  Two hundred and forty‐six patients were entered into the study; 195 with acute respiratory disease and 51 with suspected metabolic derangement. The values of bicarbonate on arterial and venous samples showed close agreement with an average difference between the samples of 1.20 mmol/L (95% limits of agreement being −2.73 to +5.13 mmol/L). Similar agreement was found for all subgroups.Conclusion:  Venous bicarbonate estimation shows a high level of agreement with the arterial value, with acceptably narrow 95% limits of agreement. These results suggest that venous bicarbonate estimation may be an acceptable substitute for arterial measurement.
Cross reactivity between venomous, mildly venomous, and non‐venomous snake venoms with the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Venom Detection Kit
Authors: Jelinek George A , Tweed Charles , Lynch Dania , Celenza Tony , Bush Brian , Michalopoulos Nick 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective:  Studies have noted the relatively common occurrence of positive urine results with the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories Venom Detection Kit (VDK) when testing patients with suspected snakebite who are not envenomed. Possible explanations have been false positive test results or subclinical envenoming. We investigated a third possibility, that there is potential for the venom (or saliva) from mildly venomous and non‐venomous snakes to give a positive reading with the VDK.Methods:  Venoms/saliva from three non‐venomous and seven mildly venomous snake species were tested in the laboratory with the VDK, along with control venoms from four of the five major snake genera (Brown snake, Tiger snake, Death adder and Black snake).Results:  Two of the venom/saliva samples, from Gould's hooded snake (Parasuta gouldii), a mildly venomous snake, and the Black‐headed python (Aspidites melanocephalus), a non‐venomous snake, caused a positive test for the tiger snake genus. There was also cross‐reactivity between black snake venoms and the tiger snake well of the VDK.Conclusions:  This study provides a further possible explanation for ‘false positive’ VDK results, that is venom/saliva presence or absorption from mildly or non‐venomous snakes and cross reactivity with venomous snakes on VDK testing. It has implications for antivenom use should it ever be required for more severe envenoming syndromes from mildly or moderately venomous snakes, and for further research. It reinforces the practice of only using VDK testing in patients who show definite evidence of envenoming.
The dynamic nature and evolutionary history of subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions
Authors: Mewborn S.K. , Lese Martin C. , Ledbetter D.H. 
Published: November 2004

The organization and evolution of the subtelomeric and pericentromeric regions of human chromosomes exhibit unique characteristics compared to other regions of the genome. As shown in Fig. 1 the functional elements of the centromere and telomere are comprised of highly repetitive DNA sequences, which are responsible for carrying out the main mechanistic duties of these two regions: chromosome segregation and end replication, respectively. The nature of the repeats in these two regions and their function have been reviewed separately and, therefore, will not be discussed in more detail here (Sullivan et al., 1996, 2001; McEachern et al., 2000; Henikoff et al., 2001). Adjacent to these functional element regions, the centromere and telomere regions share an interesting architecture as depicted in Fig. 1. For both pericentromeric and subtelomeric regions, blocks of recent genomic duplications form a zone of shared sequence homologies between certain subsets of human chromosomes. The dynamic nature and evolutionary history of these regions and the unique DNA sequence adjacent to them will be the focus of this review.
Evolutionary breakpoints are co-localized with fragile sites and intrachromosomal telomeric sequences in primates
Authors: Ruiz-Herrera A. , García F. , Giulotto E. , Attolini C. , Egozcue J. , Ponsà M. , Garcia M. 
Published: November 2004

The concentration of evolutionary breakpoints in primate karyotypes in some particular regions or chromosome bands suggests that these chromosome regions are more prone to breakage. This is the first extensive comparative study which investigates a possible relationship of two genetic markers (intrachromosomal telomeric sequences [TTAGGG]n, [ITSs] and fragile sites [FSs]), which are implicated in the evolutionary process as well as in chromosome rearrangements. For this purpose, we have analyzed: (a) the cytogenetic expression of aphidicolin-induced FSs in <i>Cebus apella </i>and <i>Cebus nigrivittatus</i> (F. Cebidae, Platyrrhini) and <i>Mandrillus sphinx</i> (F. Cercopithecidae, Catarrhini), and (b) the intrachromosomal position of telomeric-like sequences by FISH with a synthetic (TTAGGG)n probe in <i>C. apella </i>chromosomes. The multinomial FSM statistical model allowed us to determinate 53 FSs in <i>C. apella</i>, 16 FSs in <i>C. nigrivittatus</i> and 50 FSs in <i>M. sphinx</i>. As expected, all telomeres hybridized with the probe, and 55 intrachromosomal loci were also detected in the <i>Cebus apella</i> karyotype. The χ<sup>2</sup> test indicates that the coincidence of the location of <i>Cebus</i> and <i>Mandrillus</i> FSs with the location of human FSs is significant (<i>P</i> < 0.005). Based on a comparative cytogenetic study among different primate species we have identified (or described) the chromosome bands in the karyotypes of Papionini and <i>Cebus</i> species implicated in evolutionary reorganizations. More than 80% of these evolutionary breakpoints are located in chromosome bands that express FSs and/or contain ITSs.
Retrieval of Sea Surface Temperature from Space, Based on Modeling of Infrared Radiative Transfer: Capabilities and Limitations
Authors: Merchant Christopher J. , Le Borgne Pierre 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The retrieval (estimation) of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from space-based infrared observations is increasingly performed using retrieval coefficients derived from radiative transfer simulations of top-of-atmosphere brightness temperatures (BTs). Typically, an estimate of SST is formed from a weighted combination of BTs at a few wavelengths, plus an offset. This paper addresses two questions about the radiative transfer modeling approach to deriving these weighting and offset coefficients. How precisely specified do the coefficients need to be in order to obtain the required SST accuracy (e.g., scatter &lt;0.3 K in week-average SST, bias &lt;0.1 K)? And how precisely is it actually possible to specify them using current forward models? The conclusions are that weighting coefficients can be obtained with adequate precision, while the offset coefficient will often require an empirical adjustment of the order of a few tenths of a kelvin against validation data. Thus, a rational approach to defining retrieval coefficients is one of radiative transfer modeling followed by offset adjustment. The need for this approach is illustrated from experience in defining SST retrieval schemes for operational meteorological satellites. A strategy is described for obtaining the required offset adjustment, and the paper highlights some of the subtler aspects involved with reference to the example of SST retrievals from the imager on the geostationary satellite GOES-8.
Improving Wind Profiler–Measured Winds Using Coplanar Spectral Averaging
Authors: Schafer Robert , Avery Susan K. , Gage Kenneth S. , Johnston Paul E. , Carter D. A. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
A method is presented that increases the detectability of weak clear-air signals by averaging Doppler spectra from coplanar wind profiler beams. The method, called coplanar spectral averaging (CSA), is applied to both simulated wind profiler spectra and to 1 yr of archived spectra from a UHF profiler at Christmas Island (1 October 1999–30 September 2000). A collocated 50-MHz wind profiler provides a truth for evaluating the CSA technique.
In the absence of precipitation, it was found that CSA, when combined with a fuzzy logic quality control, increases the height coverage of the 1-hourly averaged UHF profiler winds by over 600 m (two range gates). CSA also increased the number of good wind estimates at each observation range by about 10%–25% over the standard consensus method.
A Wireless Network for Collection and Synthesis of Mobile Mesoscale Weather Observations
Authors: Ziegler Conrad L. , Kennedy Douglas , Rasmussen Erik N. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
This paper reports the development of a wireless network of instrumented vehicles and aircraft for the real-time collection and synthesis of their mobile weather observations in mesoscale field experiments. The mobile digital network (MDN) utilizes 900-MHz radio frequency modem technology, enabling real-time data transmissions at up to 115 kbit s−1 across a domain of about 40 km on a side. The effective throughput of the network of multiple mobile units is about 40 kbit s−1 due to overhead from data quality checking and acknowledgment that data have been received. After gathering data from mobile observing platforms at a centrally located mobile command post, both image products and data are then uplinked via geostationary satellite at about 80 kbit s−1 and served to the Internet. The first application of the MDN was to mobile field observations obtained during the International H2O Project (IHOP).
Meteosat and GOES-East Imager Visible Channel Calibration
Authors: Le Borgne Pierre , Legendre Gérard , Marsouin Anne 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
As a preliminary step to solar irradiance calculations, the Centre de Météorologie Spatiale (CMS) has developed a pragmatic approach to calibrate the visible channels of Meteosat and GOES-East imagers. The responsivity of the Meteosat visible channel has been monitored with three desert targets from 1989 to 2002. The annual degradation rate has been estimated to 1.8% for Meteosat-4, 1.4% for Meteosat-5, and 1.9% for Meteosat-7. A reference calibration coefficient for Meteosat-7 has been derived from a comparison with Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data in summer 1998. Meteosat and GOES-East data corresponding to homogenous pixels along longitude 37.5°W and around 1200 LST have been compared on a monthly basis, leading to a calibration of GOES-East visible channel. GOES-8 data have been processed from June 1998 to December 2002 and the annual degradation rate obtained during this period is 4.0%. GOES-12 data have been processed from April to August 2003. During this short period, no degradation rate can be estimated but only a mean value of the calibration coefficient, which corresponds to a 7% increase of the prelaunch coefficient.
Sensitized Photoluminescence of Eu3+ and Gd3+-Doped Y3Al5O12 Phosphors Prepared via a Reverse Microemulsion Process
Authors: Lu Chung-Hsin , Huang Chien-Hao 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Europium-ion and gadolinium-ion codoped Y3Al5O12 phosphors were synthesized via a reverse microemulsion process. The emission intensity and quantum yield of Y3Al5O12: Eu3+ depend on the codoping concentration of gadolinium ions. The significant enhancement in the luminance and quantum yield via codoping of Gd3+ ions imply efficient energy transfer from Gd3+ ions to Eu3+ activators. The microemulsion-derived Y3Al5O12: Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphors with small particle sizes and enhanced luminescence efficiency are demonstrated to hold application potential for flat panel displays.
Platinum Thin Film with a Highly Ordered Mesostructure by Contact Plating
Authors: Yamauchi Yusuke , Yokoshima Tokihiko , Momma Toshiyuki , Osaka Tetsuya , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
By a contact plating technique using a galvanic reaction between Al and Au in the presence of Pt complex, we have for the first time succeeded in the formation of a highly ordered mesostructured Pt film on a Au surface by reduction of Pt ions in the presence of lyotropic liquid crystals.
Formation of [Cu(η2-H2)]+ Species in MFI-type Zeolite and Resulting H–D Exchange Reaction with Hydrogen on Brønsted Acid Sites at 300 K
Authors: Kuroda Yasushige , Okamoto Takae , Mori Toshinori , Yoshikawa Yuzo 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
We examined the adsorption feature of the CuMFI sample for H2 adsorption and found a specific interaction between Cu+ exchanged in MFI and H2 even at 300 K, the formation of η2-type H2-adsorbed species in MFI-type zeolite; it caused H–D exchange reaction with hydrogen on Brønsted acid sites even at 300 K.
Aminopropyl–Glucose Sequentially Grafted Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite as a Novel Boron Adsorbent
Authors: Yasui Masataka , Ikeda Masataka , Takimiya Kazuo , Ohshita Joji , Yamanaka Shoji , Inumaru Kei 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Aminopropyl groups and glucose molecules were sequentially grafted on mesoporous silica (ca. 5 nm in diameter) to synthesize a glucamine group analogue in the nanospaces. The grafted nanocomposite material showed a high capacity for adsorption of boric acid/borate from water.
Pathway to Insoluble Aggregates on the Refolding of a Single-chain Fv Antibody: Morphological Changes of Aggregated Protein on Refolding
Authors: Umetsu Mitsuo , Ashish Kumar , Tsumoto Kouhei , Kumagai Izumi 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In vitro aggregated single-chain Fv antibody (scFv) was analyzed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscope images. The spectroscopic results demonstrate that the formation of β-strands is a first trigger to the off-pathway toward insoluble aggregates, which is independent of redox condition; however, the morphology of the insoluble aggregates is strongly influenced by the environment in which scFv is aggregated.
Efficient Acetalization of Epoxy Rings on a Fullerene Cage
Authors: Shigemitsu Yasuo , Kaneko Masayoshi , Tajima Yusuke , Takeuchi Kazuo 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Fullerene epoxides react with benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of a pyridinium hexafluoroantimonate to give corresponding 1,3-dioxolane derivatives of [60]fullerene in excellent yields. The activation energy for the reaction of fullerene monoepoxide with benzaldehyde was determined to be 112.7 kJ mol−1. This result shows that fullerene epoxides undergo the stepwise SN1-like acetalization reaction.
The Impact of Advancing Technology on Marketing and Academic Research
Authors: Shugan Steven M. 
Published: November 2004

Academic research in marketing often and rightfully tends to either build on well-established past research topics or follow well-established practices in industry. However, as technology advances, it might be possible to foresee some more enduring trends and focus research on future issues rather than on past issues.One approach would be to study emerging technologies with rapidly declining costs. Each of these emerging technologies spawns myriad applications that have the potential to dramatically impact existing markets. Interesting research topics include the study of the impact of these applications on different market participants (e.g., final consumers, the seller, the seller of complementary services, intermediaries, information providers, competitors, other industries). Research topics also include the optimal structure for products and services, given these new applications, as well as which intermediary should offer particular services. Research topics also include the interactive ability to rapidly customize marketing strategy by identifying individuals at particular points in time and under particular demand conditions. Five of these technologies include enhanced search services, biometrics and smart cards, enhanced computational speed, M-commerce, and GPS tracking.
Retrospective Evaluation of Commonly Used Equations to Predict Energy Expenditure in Mechanically Ventilated, Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Alexander Earnest , Susla Gregory M. , Burstein Aaron H. , Brown Dennis T. , Ognibene Frederick P. 
Published: November 2004

Study Objective. To determine which of four commonly used equations to estimate energy expenditure is precise and unbiased compared with energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry.Design. Retrospective, observational study.Setting. Adult medical intensive care unit in a research hospital of the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Patients. Seventy‐six adult, mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients.Intervention. Indirect calorimetry reports generated by the National Institutes of Health Critical Care Medicine Department's Metabolic Cart Consult Service were reviewed. Bias and precision of resting energy expenditure (REE) estimated by equations were computed using mean prediction error (ME) and root mean squared prediction error (MSE). Equations were considered precise if the 95% confidence interval for MSE was within 15% of the measured energy expenditure (MEE) determined by indirect calorimetry. Equations were considered unbiased if the 95% confidence interval for ME included zero. Paired t tests were used to compare estimated REE values for each predictive equation with MEE values determined by indirect calorimetry. Data were stratified into regions of bias using classification and regression tree analysis, as well as visual inspection of estimated REE‐versus‐MEE curves for each equation.Measurements and Main Results. The Harris‐Benedict equation multiplied by an activity factor of 1.2 was unbiased and precise. The Ireton‐Jones equation was precise but biased. The American College of Chest Physicians' consensus recommendation was biased and imprecise. The Harris‐Benedict equation without an activity factor also demonstrated bias and imprecision.Conclusions. The Harris‐Benedict equation multiplied by an activity factor of 1.2 is suitable for predicting REE and may be used in the absence of indirect calorimetry.
The effects of source and type of feedback on child witnesses' metamemory accuracy
Authors: Allwood Carl Martin , Jonsson Anna‐Carin , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of feedback on the accuracy (realism) of 12‐year‐old children's metacognitive judgments of their answers to questions about a film clip. Two types of judgments were investigated: confidence judgments (on each question) and frequency judgments (i.e. estimates of overall accuracy). The source of feedback, whether it was presented as provided by a teacher or a peer child, did not influence metacognitive accuracy. Four types of feedback were given depending on whether the participant's answer was correct and depending on whether the feedback confirmed or disconfirmed the child's answer. The children showed large overconfidence when they received confirmatory feedback but much less so when they received disconfirmatory feedback. The children gave frequency judgments implying that they had more correct answers than they actually had. No main gender differences were found for any of the measures. The results indicate a high degree of malleability in children's metacognitive judgments. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Mobility and Decay Kinetics of Charge Carriers in Discotic Hexabenzocoronenes
Authors: Piris J. , Debije M. G. , Watson M. D. , Müllen K. , Warman J. M. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the mobility and decay kinetics of charge carriers in discotic hexa‐peri‐hexabonzocoronene derivatives has been measured using the pulse‐radiolysis time‐resolved microwave conductivity technique (PR‐TRMC). For both the racemic and chiral dimethyloctyl, and the isomeric n‐decyl substituted derivatives, the mobility decreases at the crystalline solid (K)–liquid crystalline (Col) transition from 0.5±0.1 to 0.30±0.05 cm2 V–1 s–1 with the transition temperature ca. 30 °C lower for the branched chain compounds. The charge recombination kinetics are similar for the branched chain isomers in the Col phase but a faster decay is found for the racemic compound in the K phase. The fact that the mobility values for an asymmetrically substituted butylanthraquinone (C4 AQ) derivative are a factor of 2–3 lower than for the fully hexakis‐alkyl substituted compounds is attributed to the similar intracore mobilities for holes and electrons in the latter materials and the electron localization on the AQ moiety in the former. Charge recombination is found to be orders of magnitude faster in the Col phase of the C4 AQ derivative than in the K phase, this is attributed to the motional freedom of the AQ– group in the liquid‐crystalline phase.