bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of craniomandibular disorders in elderly Brazilian wearers of complete dentures
Authors: Santos Jarbas F. F. , Marchini Leonardo , Campos Marcia S. , Damião Carlos F. , Cunha Vicente P. P. , Barbosa Célia M. R. 
Published: November 2004

Objective:  Investigate the incidence of symptoms of craniomandibular disorder in elderly Brazilian wearers of full dentures.Design:  In this cross‐sectional study, a questionnaire based on Helkimo's anamnestic index was applied to a group of 65‐year‐olds or older individuals who wear a set of full dentures.Setting:  Interviews were carried out at the dental clinics of the University of Taubaté and the University of Vale do Paraíba, Brazil.Subjects:  From a total of 384 patients, 84 elderly wearers of full dentures were interviewed.Main outcome measures:  The questionnaire identified the most commonly related symptoms of craniomandibular disorders.Results:  The patient's average age was 73.5 years (ranging from 65 to 89 years), 81% of them females. Only 5% reported pain when opening their mouths, and the same percentage complained of temporomandibular joint luxation and a sensation of tired muscles during mastication. Similar rates were found for pain in the temporomandibular joint area (6%), pain in the temporal muscle area (7%), difficulty to move the mandible in the morning (4%) and pain during excursive (protrusive and lateral) movements (8%). The highest rates were found for pain in the masseter muscle area (39%) and articular noises (24%).Conclusion:  The incidence of craniomandibular disorder symptoms was low in this group of elderly wearers of full dentures, except for pain in the masseter (39%) and articular noises (24%).
Impact of socio‐demographic variables, oral hygiene practices, oral habits and diet on dental caries experience of Indian elderly: a community‐based study
Authors: Shah Naseem , Sundaram Karimassery R. 
Published: November 2004

A number of factors influence the caries experience and the pattern of restorative care especially in the older age group.Objective:  To evaluate the dental caries experience and restorative treatment needs of an elderly Indian population and to study the impact of socio‐demographic variables, oral hygiene practices, oral habits and dietary practices on them.Design:  A community‐based study.Setting:  An urban area in the south zone of Delhi and a cluster of four villages in its neighbourhood.Subjects:  A total of 1240 elderly subjects, 716 urban and 524 rural, were included in the study.Results:  Of the 1052 dentate elderly subjects, 676 (64.2%) had decayed teeth (66.7% root caries and 33.3% coronal caries), 69 (6.6%) had filled teeth and 17 (1.6%) had recurrent decay. Restorations were indicated in 233 (22.2%) subjects, endodontic treatment in 51 (4.8%) and extractions in 424 (40.3%). Urban–rural differences in caries experience were statistically significant. Multivariate regression analysis showed that dental caries was associated with literacy level, oral hygiene practices, oral health perception and diet, while previous restorative treatment was correlated only with location (urban–rural) and presence or absence of systemic diseases.Conclusion:  Dental caries prevalence was high amongst the studied elderly population and significant differences were observed in those living in a rural compared with an urban setting. Only a small percentage of elderly had evidence of previous restorative treatment whereas their unmet treatment need was significant.
Priapism as a presentation of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a child
Authors: Werther Rebecca , Oakley Edward , Heath John A 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe report a case of a child who presented to the ED with priapism. This was the initial presentation of T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a child with T‐cell ALL presenting with priapism. This case demonstrates the importance of identifying the underlying cause of priapism, as it directly impacts on both initial and ongoing management.
Specific training in clinical forensic medicine is useful to ACEM trainees
Authors: Young Simon , Wells David , Summers Ian 
Published: November 2004

AbstractObjective:  To assess the effectiveness of a 6‐month rotation in forensic medicine in developing medicolegal and forensic skills for doctors training for a fellowship with the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM).Methods:  Over a period of 6 years 12 trainees undertook a 6‐month rotation with the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM) as a clinical forensic registrar. These 12 trainees were surveyed and asked structured questions regarding their perception of the usefulness of the training and the impact of the rotation on their professional development.Results:  Twelve replies were received (100% response rate). All respondents felt that the term had a major positive influence on their ability to examine victims of physical and sexual assault, obtain forensic specimens and prepare a medicolegal report.Conclusions:  A 6‐month rotation in clinical forensic medicine improves ACEM trainees perceived ability to perform a number of medicolegal tasks without interfering with other areas of professional development.
Teichoic Acid Is an Essential Polymer in
Bacillus subtilis
That Is Functionally Distinct from Teichuronic Acid
Authors: Bhavsar Amit P. , Erdman Laura K. , Schertzer Jeffrey W. , Brown Eric D. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT

Wall teichoic acids are anionic, phosphate-rich polymers linked to the peptidoglycan of gram-positive bacteria. In
Bacillus subtilis
, the predominant wall teichoic acid types are poly(glycerol phosphate) in strain 168 and poly(ribitol phosphate) in strain W23, and they are synthesized by the
tag
and
tar
gene products, respectively. Growing evidence suggests that wall teichoic acids are essential in
B. subtilis
; however, it is widely believed that teichoic acids are dispensable under phosphate-limiting conditions. In the work reported here, we carefully studied the dispensability of teichoic acid under phosphate-limiting conditions by constructing three new mutants. These strains, having precise deletions in
tagB
,
tagF
, and
tarD
, were dependent on xylose-inducible complementation from a distal locus (
amyE
) for growth. The
tarD
deletion interrupted poly(ribitol phosphate) synthesis in
B. subtilis
and represents a unique deletion of a
tar
gene. When teichoic acid biosynthetic proteins were depleted, the mutants showed a coccoid morphology and cell wall thickening. The new wall teichoic acid biogenesis mutants generated in this work and a previously reported
tagD
mutant were not viable under phosphate-limiting conditions in the absence of complementation. Cell wall analysis of
B. subtilis
grown under phosphate-limited conditions showed that teichoic acid contributed approximately one-third of the wall anionic content. These data suggest that wall teichoic acid has an essential function in
B. subtilis
that cannot be replaced by teichuronic acid.
Rubrerythrin from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
Is a Rubredoxin-Dependent, Iron-Containing Peroxidase
Authors: Weinberg Michael V. , Jenney Francis E. , Cui Xiaoyuan , Adams Michael W. W. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT

Rubrerythrin was purified by multistep chromatography under anaerobic, reducing conditions from the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
. It is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 39.2 kDa and contains 2.9 ± 0.2 iron atoms per subunit. The purified protein had peroxidase activity at 85°C using hydrogen peroxide with reduced
P. furiosus
rubredoxin as the electron donor. The specific activity was 36 μmol of rubredoxin oxidized/min/mg with apparent

K
m

values of 35 and 70 μM for hydrogen peroxide and rubredoxin, respectively. When rubrerythrin was combined with rubredoxin and
P. furiosus
NADH:rubredoxin oxidoreductase, the complete system used NADH as the electron donor to reduce hydrogen peroxide with a specific activity of 7.0 μmol of H
2
O
2
reduced/min/mg of rubrerythrin at 85°C. Strangely, as-purified (reduced) rubrerythrin precipitated when oxidized by either hydrogen peroxide, air, or ferricyanide. The gene (PF1283) encoding rubrerythrin was expressed in
Escherichia coli
grown in medium with various metal contents. The purified recombinant proteins each contained approximately three metal atoms/subunit, ranging from 0.4 Fe plus 2.2 Zn to 1.9 Fe plus 1.2 Zn, where the metal content of the protein depended on the metal content of the
E. coli
growth medium. The peroxidase activities of the recombinant forms were proportional to the iron content.
P. furiosus
rubrerythrin is the first to be characterized from a hyperthermophile or from an archaeon, and the results are the first demonstration that this protein functions in an NADH-dependent, hydrogen peroxide:rubredoxin oxidoreductase system. Rubrerythrin is proposed to play a role in the recently defined anaerobic detoxification pathway for reactive oxygen species.
Vibrio cholerae
Strains with Mutations in an Atypical Type I Secretion System Accumulate RTX Toxin Intracellularly
Authors: Boardman Bethany Kay , Fullner Satchell Karla J. 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT

This study shows that the
Vibrio cholerae
RTX toxin is secreted by a four-component type I secretion system (TISS) encoded by
rtxB
,
rtxD
,
rtxE
, and
tolC
. ATP-binding site mutations in both RtxB and RtxE blocked secretion, demonstrating that this atypical TISS requires two transport ATPases that may function as a heterodimer.
The Chemical Chaperone Proline Relieves the Thermosensitivity of a
dnaK
Deletion Mutant at 42°C
Authors: Chattopadhyay Madhab K. , Kern Renée , Mistou Michel-Yves , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Uratsu Sandra L. , Richarme Gilbert 
Published: November 2004

ABSTRACT

Since, like other osmolytes, proline can act as a protein stabilizer, we investigated the thermoprotectant properties of proline in vitro and in vivo. In vivo, elevated proline pools in
Escherichia coli
(obtained by altering the feedback inhibition by proline of γ-glutamylkinase, the first enzyme of the proline biosynthesis pathway) restore the viability of a
dnaK
-deficient mutant at 42°C, suggesting that proline can act as a thermoprotectant for
E. coli
cells. Furthermore, analysis of aggregated proteins in the
dnaK
-deficient strain at 42°C by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis shows that high proline pools reduce the protein aggregation defect of the
dnaK
-deficient strain. In vitro, like other “chemical chaperones,” and like the DnaK chaperone, proline protects citrate synthase against thermodenaturation and stimulates citrate synthase renaturation after urea denaturation. These results show that a protein aggregation defect can be compensated for by a single mutation in an amino acid biosynthetic pathway and that an ubiquitously producible chemical chaperone can compensate for a defect in one of the major chaperones involved in protein folding and aggregation.
DISCRIMINATIVE NONLINEAR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION FOR IMPROVED CLASSIFICATION
Authors: DOLSON MARK 
Published: November 2004

Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks have been used extensively for classification tasks. Typically, the MLP network is trained explicitly to produce the correct classification as its output. For speech recognition, however, several investigators have recently experimented with an indirect approach: a unique MLP predictive network is trained for each class of data, and classification is accomplished by determining which predictive network serves as the best model for samples of unknown speech. Results from this approach have been mixed. In this report, we compare the direct and indirect approaches to classification from a more fundamental perspective. We show how recent advances in nonlinear dimensionality reduction can be incorporated into the indirect approach, and we show how the two approaches can be integrated in a novel MLP framework. We further show how these new MLP networks can be usefully viewed as generalizations of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) and of subspace methods of pattern recognition. Lastly, we show that applying these ideas to the classification of temporal trajectories can substantially improve performance on simple tasks.
SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION WITH AN ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER
Authors: WU X. M. , WONG J. Y. , STURK M. , RUSSELL D. L. 
Published: November 2004

Various control strategies for a semi-active suspension system with an electrorheological (ER) damper were studied using computer simulation techniques, as well as experimentally using a quarter-car model test facility. The control strategies examined included those primarily designed for enhancing ride comfort and for improving road holding. It was found that the strategies designed for enhancing ride comfort do not necessarily provide improved road holding characteristics, and vice versa. Consequently, various composite control strategies for improving both ride comfort and road holding were investigated. Experimental investigations showed that the damping characteristics of an electrorheological damper depend not only on the electrical field strength but also on the frequency of excitation. For the electrorheological fluid used in the study, the equivalent damping ratio decreases significantly with the increase in the frequency of excitation. This is primarily due to the fact that the shear ratio of the fluid used, which is the ratio of the shear strength at a given electrical field strength to that without applied electrical field, decreases with the increase in the shear rate. This behavior must be taken into account in the development of electrorheological dampers. Furthermore, at high frequencies, the duration of the applied voltage with any of the control strategies examined is very short. As a result, there is little difference in the measured performance of the semi-active suspension with different control strategies examined over a wide range of frequency. To achieve the potential of an ER fluid damper, improvements in the mechanical behavior of ER fluids are a key factor.
A WAVE APPROACH TO PATTERN RECOGNITION (WITH APPLICATION TO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION)
Authors: BIKTASHEV VADIM , KRINSKY VALENTIN , HAKEN HERMANN 
Published: November 2004

The possibility of using nonlinear media as a highly parallel computation tool is discussed, specifically for image classification and recognition. Some approaches of this type are known, that are based on stationary dissipative structures which can “measure” scalar products of images. In this paper, we exploit the analogy between binary images and point sets, and use the Hausdorff metrics for comparing the images. It does not require the measure at all, and is based only on the metrics of the space whose subsets we consider. In addition to Hausdorff distance, we suggest a new “nonlinear” version of this distance for comparison of images, called “autowave” distance. This distance can be calculated very easily and yields some additional advantages for pattern recognition (e.g. noise tolerance). The method was illustrated for the problem of machine reading (Optical Character Recognition). It was compared with some famous OCR programs for PC. On a medium quality xerocopy of a journal page, in the same conditions of learning and recognition, the autowave approach resulted in much fewer mistakes. The method can be realized using only one chip with simple uniform connection of the elements. In this case, it yields an increase in computation speed of several orders of magnitude.
MATCHED FIELD SOURCE LOCALIZATION WITH A HORIZONTAL LINE ARRAY
Authors: CHAPMAN N. R. , YEREMY M. L. 
Published: November 2004

Matched field source localization performance is investigated for a source in aft endfire of a horizontal line array operating in a deep water environment. Simulations are used to investigate the performance for ideal conditions and in the presence of noise. In particular, the effects of uncertainty in experimental geometry and mismatch in sound speed profile are considered. It is shown that the performance is sensitive to the vertical tilt of the array for relatively small tilt angles of less than 5º. However, the horizontal array is robust to mismatch in the gradient of the sound speed profile at the bottom of the water column. The results of the simulations are interpreted in terms of the characteristics of acoustic propagation in the environment.
Wine Production, Marketing and Consumption in the Ottoman Crimea, 1520-1542
Authors: Halenko Oleksander 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis effort to estimate the amount of wine production in the Southern Crimea in the sixteenth century opens a window into the ways of accommodation of viticulture, wine production and wine commerce by the Ottoman Empire in a province with a predominantly Christian population. The terminology invented by the Ottomans to denote the taxes levied on viticulture reveals their highly sophisticated rationalistic approach, by which they settled the contradiction between the Islamic prohibition of wine and their practical interest in such a lucrative business, while tax rates developed on this basis granted a signi ficant tax break to Muslim viticulturers. The data of two extant Ottoman tax-registers for the Crimea show that such ingenious fiscal policy stimulated both Muslim investment in this business and conversion of local Christian peasants to Islam. Also, through data on the taxation of wine commerce, estimations of prices and tax rates for marketed wine were suggested. Cet essai d'estimer la quantité de vin produit en Crimée du sud au XVI e siècle ouvre en fait des perspectives sur l'adaptation de la viticulture, de la production et du commerce du vin par les Ottomans dans une province ayant une population principalement chretienne. La terminologie utilisée par les Ottomans pour la levée de taxe sur la viticulture révèle une approche rationnelle très so fistiquée, grace à laquelle avaint été résolue la contradiction existant entre la prohibition islamique du vin et l'intèrêt pratique pour une occupation lucrative. L'imposition qui s'est développée sur cette base accordait aux viticulteurs musulmans des allégements fiscaux signi ficatifs. Les données des deux registres de taxe existants montrent qu'une telle politique fiscale ingenieuse a apparement stimulé à la fois les investissements musulmans dans ce domaine et la conversion des paisans chrétiens locaux a l'islam. À travers les informations sur l'imposition du commerce du vin, des estimations de prix et de niveax d'imposition sur le vin mis en vente sont égalem, ent suggerés.
Vishwakarma Craftsmen in Early Medieval Peninsular India
Authors: Ramaswamy Vijaya 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article situates Vishwakarma craftsmen in the socio-economic milieu of early medieval Peninsular India. It seeks to analyse the dynamics of social change among craft groups with particular reference to the smiths, masons and carpenters constituting the Vishwakarma community. This is attempted by locating the dynamics of social change within the processes of temple building and urbanism in the Chola-Pallava period. The essay looks afresh at concepts like caste, guild and community in the speci fic context of technological and economic changes and craft mobility. In so doing the article cuts across conceptual categories in the light of empirical evidence. The study is based on epigraphic evidence, essentially from the Tamil country. Le présent article situe les artisans Vishwakarma dans le milieu socio-économique au début de la période médiévale de l'Inde péninsulaire. Il cherche à analyser la dynamique du changement social parmi les groupes d'artisans plus particulièrement les forgerons, maçons et menuisiers / ébénistes, bref ceux qui constituent la communauté Vishwakarma. Ce travail est effectué en situant la dynamique de l'évolution sociale au sein des divers processus de la construction des temples durant la période Chola-Pallava. L'article propose un nouveau regard sur les concepts tels que caste, association/corps de métier et communauté dans le contexte des progrès technologiques et économiques ainsi que la mobilité de l'artisanat. Cet essai va à l'encontre des catégories conceptuelles à la lumière des preuves empiriques. L'étude est basée sur des preuves épigraphiques du pays de Tamil Nadu.
Assistenzformen zur Erleichterung kontinuierlichen Weiterlernens (Assistance to Facilitate Continuous Learning)
Authors: Vogt Thomas , Kunze Stefan 
Published: November 2004

Zusammenfassung
Softwareanwendungen sind komplexe Systeme. Selbst erfahrene Anwender nutzen selten die ganze Leistungsfähigkeit eines Systems. Es ist wünschenswert, dass Nutzern nicht nur ein leichter Einstieg in ein System geboten wird, sondern dass sie auch in ihrem alltäglichen Umgang dabei unterstützt werden, kontinuierlich mehr über das System zu lernen. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht, wie Nutzer, die ein System bereits kennen, unterstützt werden können, um das angebotene Potential an Funktionalität besser auszuschöpfen. Dazu wird eine neue Klassifikation anwenderunterstützender Systeme vorgestellt, die v.a. die Entwicklung neuer Ansätze für die Unterstützung von Nutzern erleichtern soll. Der Office-Assistent von Microsoft wird als bekanntester Lösungsversuch betrachtet, und es wird eine praktische Umsetzung zeitverzögerter Nutzungshinweise für eine High-Traffic-Website beschrieben.
Ermittlung von Assistenzwünschen von Fahrern mit Hilfe der Methode Nutzer-Mock-Up (Finding out Drivers′ Requirements for Assistance by Means of User-Mock-Ups)
Authors: Enigk Holger , Polkehn Knut 
Published: November 2004

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird das Nutzer-Mock-Up als eine Methode des Benutzer-(Fahrer-)orientierten Entwurfs von Fahrerassistenzsystemen vorgestellt. Nach der Darstellung von Zielen und Konsequenzen des Einsatzes von Assistenzsystemen wird ein fahrerorientierter Ansatz zur Entwicklung von Fahrerassistenzsystemen beschrieben, der die Gestaltung von Assistenzsystemen im Rahmen der psychologischen Tätigkeitsgestaltung betrachtet. Die Methode „Nutzer-Mock-Up” kann schon im Vorfeld von Entwurfsentscheidungen der Erfassung von Vorstellungen der Nutzer dienen, so dass diese bereits in frühen Phasen der Entwicklung in den Entscheidungsprozess einbezogen werden.
Ist Sprachinteraktion heute schon intuitiv? (Is Speech Interaction Intuitive Today?)
Authors: Peissner Matthias 
Published: November 2004

Zusammenfassung
In einer empirischen Studie werden die Akzeptanz und Usability (Gebrauchstauglichkeit) von telefonbasierten Sprachapplikationen in Deutschland untersucht. Eine umfangreiche telefonische Befragung liefert Daten zur Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Sprachapplikationen. Detaillierte Erkenntnisse zur Gebrauchstauglichkeit aktueller Systeme und zu den relevanten Qualitätsaspekten der sprachlichen Benutzungsschnittstelle stammen aus Usability-Tests mit sechs ausgewählten deutschen Sprachapplikationen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Studie.
Barrierefreiheit im WWW (Web Accessibility)
Authors: Weber Harald , Mund Markus E. , Leidermann Frank , Zink Klaus J. 
Published: November 2004

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag dokumentiert den aktuellen Diskussionsstand zum Themenbereich Barrierefreiheit, bezogen auf die Nutzung von Web-Angeboten. Ausgehend einerseits von gesetzlichen Vorgaben, andererseits von einem modifizierten Verständnis von Usability, wird das Konzept Barrierefreiheit, wie es zur Zeit primär durch die Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) des World Wide Web Konsortiums (W3C) geprägt ist, auch bzgl. Vollständigkeit und Weiterentwicklungsbedarf beleuchtet.
Self-reciprocal redundant vector stars
Authors: Gómez-Rodriguez A. , Aragón J. L. , Torres M. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
In this work it is shown that a star of M vectors in Rn (M > n) is self-reciprocal, in the sense that it coincides with its Mackay generalized reciprocal star, if and only if it forms an eutactic star. We also show that eutactic stars behave in ways that resemble the behavior of orthonormal sets. A characterization of eutactic stars based on the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse is presented.