bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide induces apoptosis of human acute myelogenous leukemia stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Guzman Monica L. , Rossi Randall M. , Karnischky Lilliana , Li Xiaojie , Peterson Derick R. , Howard Dianna S. , Jordan Craig T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecent studies have described malignant stem cells as central to the initiation, growth, and potential relapse of acute and chronic myelogenous leukemia (AML and CML). Because of their important role in pathogenesis, rare and biologically distinct leukemia stem cells (LSCs) represent a critical target for therapeutic intervention. However, to date, very few agents have been shown to directly target the LSC population. The present studies demonstrate that parthenolide (PTL), a naturally occurring small molecule, induces robust apoptosis in primary human AML cells and blast crisis CML (bcCML) cells while sparing normal hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, analysis of progenitor cells using in vitro colony assays, as well as stem cells using the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) xenograft model, show that PTL also preferentially targets AML progenitor and stem cell populations. Notably, in comparison to the standard chemotherapy drug cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), PTL is much more specific to leukemia cells. The molecular mechanism of PTL-mediated apoptosis is strongly associated with inhibition of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB), proapoptotic activation of p53, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). On the basis of these findings, we propose that the activity of PTL triggers LSC-specific apoptosis and as such represents a potentially important new class of drugs for LSC-targeted therapy.
The effect of montelukast on lung function and exhaled nitric oxide in infants with early childhood asthma
Authors: Straub D. A. , Moeller A. , Minocchieri S. , Hamacher J. , Sennhauser F. H. , Hall G. L. , Wildhaber J. H. 
Published: January 2005

Effective treatment of respiratory symptoms, airway inflammation and impairment of lung function is the goal of any asthma therapy. Although montelukast has been shown to be a possible add-on therapy for anti-inflammatory treatment in older children, its efficacy in infants and young children is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate its effect in infants and young children with early childhood asthma.In a prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study, 24 young children (10–26 months) with wheeze, allergy and a positive family history of asthma consistent with the diagnosis of early childhood asthma were randomised to receive montelukast 4 mg or placebo. The forced expiratory volume in 0.5 seconds (FEV0.5) was measured using the raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and symptom scores were determined.No change was noted in FEV0.5, FeNOor symptom score in the placebo group following the treatment period. In contrast, significant improvements in mean±sdFEV0.5(189.0±37.8 and 214.4±44.9 mL before and after treatment, respectively), FeNO(29.8±10.0 and 19.0±8.5 ppb) and median symptom score (5.5 and 1.5) were noted following treatment with montelukast.In conclusion, montelukast has a positive effect on lung function, airway inflammation and symptom scores in very young children with early childhood asthma.
Overdrive atrial pacing does not improve obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Pépin J-L. , Defaye P. , Garrigue S. , Poezevara Y. , Lévy P. 
Published: January 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of overdrive atrial pacing to reduce sleep apnoea severity.A total of 17 unselected patients (12 males; mean±sdage 71±10 yrs; body mass index 27±3 kg·m−2) who had received permanent atrial-synchronous ventricular pacemakers for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias and not known to have central or obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) were studied. Using a crossover study design, patients were or were not in pacing mode with atrial overdrive (15 beats·min−1faster than mean baseline nocturnal cardiac frequency) for 1 month. Patients were paced only during sleep periods, identified by a specific algorithm included in the pacemaker. Patients underwent three overnight polysomnographic evaluations 1 month apart. The first was performed for baseline evaluation. The patients were then randomly assigned to either 1 night in spontaneous rhythm or to 1 night in pacing mode with atrial overdrive. Two patients refused to continue the study after the first polysomnographic evaluation.OSAS was highly prevalent in this population: 10 of the 15 (67%) patients exhibited an apnoea–hypopnoea index of >30 events·h−1. The nocturnal spontaneous rhythm was 59±7 beats·min−1at baseline, compared to 75±10 beats·min−1with atrial overdrive pacing. The apnoea–hypopnoea index was 46±29 events·h−1in spontaneous rhythm, compared to 50±24 events·h−1with atrial overdrive pacing. Overdrive pacing changed none of the respiratory indices, or sleep fragmentation or sleep structure parameters.In conclusion, atrial overdrive pacing has no significant effect on obstructive sleep apnoea.
Investigation and management of chronic cough using a probability-based algorithm
Authors: Kastelik J. A. , Aziz I. , Ojoo J. C. , Thompson R. H. , Redington A. E. , Morice A. H. 
Published: January 2005

Chronic cough is a common and distressing symptom. A novel algorithm has been developed for the management of chronic cough, in which an assessment of clinical probability of disease determines the need to proceed to investigation.In this study, the performance of this algorithm in clinical practice was prospectively evaluated. A total of 131 consecutively referred patients (86 females) whose principal presenting symptom was a cough of duration >8 weeks were studied. Their age (median (range)) was 60 (16–88) yrs and cough duration 5.9 (0.2–65) yrs.A cause of cough was established in 93% of cases. The most frequent diagnoses were asthma (24% of cases), gastro-oesophageal disease (22%), post-viral cough (8%), bronchiectasis (8%) and interstitial lung disease (8%). Primary pulmonary disease was significantly more likely in patients with a productive cough and in patients with an abnormal chest radiograph. Only a small proportion (<8%) of patients had multiple causes of cough. The probability of treatment started on the basis of a high clinical suspicion of either asthma, gastro-oesophageal disease or rhinitis being successful was 74%. Overall, 26% of the patients were managed successfully without the need for any form of investigation other than chest radiography and spirometry.Use of the algorithm resulted in identification of the cause of cough and successful treatment in the large majority of cases. It is concluded that this protocol has the potential to improve management by providing a structured approach, reducing the number of investigations performed, and minimising unnecessary delays in treatment.
Increased proviral load in HTLV-1-infected patients with rheumatoid arthritis or connective tissue disease
Authors: Yakova Maria , Lézin Agnès , Dantin Fabienne , Lagathu Gisèle , Olindo Stéphane , Jean-Baptiste Georges , Arfi Serge , Césaire Raymond 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Background
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) proviral load is related to the development of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and has also been shown to be elevated in the peripheral blood in HTLV-1-infected patients with uveitis or alveolitis. Increased proliferation of HTLV-1-infected cells in, or migration of such cells into, the central nervous system is also seen in HAM/TSP. In the present study, we evaluated the proviral load in a cohort of HTLV-1-infected patients with arthritic conditions.

Results
HTLV-1 proviral load in the peripheral blood from 12 patients with RA and 6 patients with connective tissue disease was significantly higher than that in matched asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers, but similar to that in matched HAM/TSP controls. HAM/TSP was seen in one-third of the HTLV-1-infected patients with RA or connective tissue disease, but did not account for the higher proviral load compared to the asymptomatic carrier group. The proviral load was increased in the synovial fluid and tissue from an HTLV-1-infected patient with RA, the values suggesting that the majority of infiltrated cells were HTLV-1-infected. In the peripheral blood from HTLV-1-infected patients with RA or connective tissue disease, HTLV-1 proviral load correlated with the percentages of memory CD4+ T cells and activated T cells, and these percentages were shown to be markedly higher in the synovial fluid than in the peripheral blood in an HTLV-1-infected patient with RA.

Conclusions
These biological findings are consistent with a role of the retrovirus in the development of arthritis in HTLV-1-infected patients. A high level of HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and their accumulation in situ might play a central role in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-associated inflammatory disorders. Alternatively, the autoimmune arthritis, its etiological factors or treatments might secondarily enhance HTLV-1 proviral load.
Adolescents and young adults with 22qll deletion syndrome: psychopathology in an at-risk group
Authors: Baker Kate D. , Skuse David H. 
Published: January 2005

Background22q11 deletion syndrome is associated with high rates of psychiatric morbidity, especially schizophrenia. If common neurodevelopmental trajectories characterise 22q11 deletion syndrome and idiopathic schizophrenia, then similar ‘premorbid’ features would be predicted.AimsTo define psychopathology in adolescents and young adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome.MethodIndividuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome (n=25) and age- and IQ-matched comparison participants (n=25), along withtheir parents/carers, completed standardised semi-structured assessments.ResultsPsychiatric disorders were more prevalent among those with the syndrome and included attention deficit, depression and anxiety; nearly half reported transient psychotic experiences. Inappropriate emotionality and disrupted social behaviour were also common. Poor functional adjustment was associated with schizotypal symptoms and was more marked in older individuals.Conclusions22q11 deletion syndrome is associated with significant psychopathology prior to adulthood. Double the proportion expected to develop schizophrenia reported psychotic phenomena. These findings imply a continuum of developmental disruption in 22q11 deletion syndrome, associated with declining mental health in early adulthood.
Existential needs of people with psychotic disorders in Pôrto Alegre, Brazil
Authors: Wagner Luciane C. , King Michael 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundNeeds for care in service users with schizophrenia are often defined by professionals and focus on basic needs for health and social care rather than broader existential issues.AimsTo examine the perceptions of users and formal and informal carers of the needs of people with non-affective psychosis.MethodA qualitative study was conducted involving focus groups of service users and informal and formal carers in a major Brazilian city Results Existential needs were the most important theme for people with psychotic disorders. Informal and formal carers mainly regarded such needs as secondary to needs for health, housing, leisure and work. Carers usually reduced the existential questioning of the ill person to symptoms or the result of a privation such as lack or failure of medication and its consequences.ConclusionsWe require an approach to service users wherein respect and understanding are prized as the first needs from which all others will naturally follow. We also need to give greater priority to existential issues in validated schedules that measure needs in clinical work and research.
St John's wort for depression
Authors: Linde Klaus , Berner Michael , Egger Matthias , Mulrow Cynthia 
Published: January 2005

BackgroundExtracts of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) are widely used to treat depression. Evidence for its efficacy has been criticised on methodological grounds.AimsTo update evidence from randomised trials regarding the effectiveness of Hypericum extracts.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 double-blind randomised controlled trials that compared clinical effects of Hypericum monopreparation with either placebo or a standard antidepressant in adults with depressive disorders.ResultsLarger placebo-controlled trials restricted to patients with major depression showed only minor effects over placebo, while older and smaller trials not restricted to patients with major depression showed marked effects. Compared with standard antidepressants Hypericum extracts had similar effects.ConclusionsCurrent evidence regarding Hypericum extracts is inconsistent and confusing. In patients who meet criteria for major depression, several recent placebo-controlled trials suggest that Hypericum has minimal beneficial effects while other trials suggest that Hypericum and standard antidepressants have similar beneficial effects.
Are psychiatrists real doctors? A survey of the medical experience and training of psychiatric trainees in the west of Scotland
Authors: Robinson Laura 
Published: January 2005

Aims and MethodA questionnaire was sent to 122 psychiatric trainees in the west of Scotland to clarify the extent to which trainees provide physical healthcare to their in-patients and to establish trainees' views on the need for further training.ResultsAlmost all of the 65 respondents were expected to provide emergency care, and a large majority dealt with physical health problems on a regular basis. Few respondents had received any formal training in physical health care problems since entering psychiatry.Clinical ImplicationsThe results of the questionnaire suggest that psychiatric trainees are currently providing a considerable amount of physical healthcare for psychiatric in-patients. Clarifying the medical experiences and training of psychiatric trainees may help to inform future debate as to the appropriate management of physical healthcare for psychiatric patients.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolites
Authors: Wakihara Toru , Okubo Tatsuya 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Zeolites have been widely utilized in industry and in household products, for example as adsorbents, ion-exchangers, and catalysts, and have attracted considerable attention as host materials for various nanotechnology applications. Recent developments in analytical methods have enabled detailed studies on the crystallization mechanism of zeolites. The purpose of this review is to give a survey of recent progress in hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zeolites.
Chemical Recycling of Polycarbonate to Raw Materials by Thermal Decomposition with Calcium Hydroxide/Steam
Authors: Yoshioka Toshiaki , Sugawara Katsuya , Mizoguchi Tadaaki , Okuwaki Akitsugu 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
We investigated the influence of the decomposition conditions (temperature: 500, 700, 900 °C, steam concentration: 0, 35, 86 vol %, Ca(OH)2/PC molar ratio: 0 or 5) on polycarbonate (PC). Without steam and Ca(OH)2 the liquefaction yield was 57 wt % (low and high boiling products 14, 43 wt %, respectively), the gasification yield 12 wt %, and the carbonization yield 31 wt % at 500 °C. At a steam concentration of 86 vol %, 84 wt % liquids (low and high boiling products 17, 67 wt %, respectively), 1 wt % gases and 15 wt % residues were observed. The amount of low boiling products increased from 17 to 31 wt %, and the amount of high boiling products decreased from 67 to 49 wt % when Ca(OH)2 was added at a steam concentration 86 vol %. At this time, the yield of phenol in the low boiling fraction increased from 15 to 74 mol % (20 wt % of all products).
The First S-Bridged CoIIICdIICoIII and CoIIICdII2CoIII Structures Controlled by Chirality of Mono(thiolato)-Type Cobalt(III) Units
Authors: Aridomi Takashi , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Igashira-Kamiyama Asako , Konno Takumi 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
Treatment of the racemic Δ/Λ-[Co(aet)(en)2]2+ (aet = 2-aminoethanethiolate) with CdII in the presence of excess Cl− in water gave ΔΛ-[CdCl4{Co(aet)(en)2}2]2+ (ΔΛ-[1]2+), while the corresponding reaction using the optically active Λ-[Co(aet)(en)2]2+ produced ΛΛ-[Cd2Cl7{Co(aet)(en)2}2]+ (ΛΛ-[2]+). The crystal structures of these complexes were determined by X-ray crystallography.
DNA-photocleaving Activities of Water-soluble Carbohydrate-containing Nonionic Homooxacalix[3]arene·[60]fullerene Complex
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Ejima Akinori , Nishiguchi Koji , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Matsumoto Takahiro , Hatano Tsukasa , Shinkai Seiji , Goto Masahiro 
Published: January 2005

Abstract
A new water-soluble carbohydrate-containing “nonionic” homooxacalix[3]arene (2) was synthesized. 2 could solubilize [60]fullerene (C60) into water and the resultant complex acted as an efficient DNA photocleaving reagent.
Concurrent bacteraemia and malaria in febrile Nigerian infants
Authors: Ayoola Omolola O , Adeyemo Adebowale A , Osinusi Kikelomo 
Published: February 2005

In the tropics, febrile illnesses are often presumed to be due to malaria, because of its endemicity, and treatment can lead to delay in diagnosis or failure to detect severe infections such as bacteraemia. This study sought to determine the prevalence of bacteraemia and malaria parasitaemia in febrile post-neonatal infants (age 1-12 months) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, and the bacterial aetiological agents of bacteraemia in the infants. Therefore, 102 infants aged 1-12 months who presented with fever with a negative history of antimicrobial use in the week prior to presentation were evaluated and had blood cultures done for the detection of aerobic organisms by standard methods and blood films for malaria parasites. Bacteraemia was found in 38.2% of the infants, malaria parasitaemia was found in 46.1%. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli (35.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (33.3%) and Klebsiella spp. (10.3%). Febrile children should be investigated for the presence of bacterial infection even if the blood film for malaria parasites is positive. Where laboratory facilities are not available, consideration should be given to the use of both anti-malarial therapy and empiric antibiotic therapy in the management of febrile infants, depending on the clinician's judgement.
Drawing Shadows to Stone
Authors: Lee Molly 
Published: January 2005

Drawing Shadows to Stone: Photographing North Pacific Peoples (1897‐1902). American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, November 14, 1997‐ March 1, 1998.Drawing Shadows to Stone: The Photography of the Jesup North Pacific Expedition, 1897‐1902. Laurel Kendall. Barbara Mathé. and Thomas Ross Miller. with Stanley A. Freed. Ruth S. Freed. and Laila Williamson. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1997, and Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. 112 pp., 97 illust.
Late-Onset Septicemia in a Norwegian National Cohort of Extremely Premature Infants Receiving Very Early Full Human Milk Feeding
Authors: Rønnestad Arild , Abrahamsen Tore G. , Medbø Sverre , Reigstad Hallvard , Lossius Kristin , Kaaresen Per I. , Egeland Thore , Engelund Inger E. , Irgens Lorentz M. , Markestad Trond 
Published: February 2005

Objectives. To investigate the occurrence of and risk factors for late-onset septicemia (LOS) in a national cohort of extremely premature infants who received very early full human milk feeding.
Methods. A prospective study of all infants born in Norway in 1999 and 2000 with gestational age of &lt;28 weeks or birth weight of &lt;1000 g was performed. Extensive clinical information, including data on feeding practices and episodes of septicemia, was collected on predefined forms. LOS was defined as growth of bacteria or fungi in blood cultures in conjunction with clinical symptoms consistent with systemic infection occurring after day 6 of life. Cox regression models, including models allowing for time-dependent covariates, were applied in the analysis of LOS.
Results. Of 464 eligible infants, 462 (99.6%) were enrolled and 405 (87.7%) survived until day 7. LOS was diagnosed for 80 (19.7%). The predominant pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Candida spp. Case fatality rates associated with septicemia were 10% in general and 43% for Candida spp septicemia. Necrotizing enterocolitis or bowel perforation was diagnosed for 19 infants (4%). Enteral feeding with human milk was initiated within the third day for 98% of patients, and 92% were receiving full enteral feeding (FEF) with human milk within the third week. Both high Clinical Risk Index for Babies scores and an umbilical venous catheter in situ at 7 days of age significantly predicted LOS. However, the overall most influential risk factor for LOS was the number of days without establishment of FEF with human milk, with an adjusted relative risk of 3.7 (2.0–6.9) for LOS if FEF was not established within the second week of life.
Conclusions. The incidence and case fatality rate of septicemia for this cohort of extremely preterm infants were lower than values in comparable studies. The main difference, compared with other studies, was the feeding practice, and the data suggest that very early FEF with human milk significantly reduces the risk of LOS among extremely premature infants.
Influence of Research Center on Overall Survival Outcomes at Each Phase of Treatment
Authors: Morris Harold F. , Ochi Shigeru 
Published: February 2005

Background: Clinical studies of dental implants tend to fall into two broad categories. Efficacy studies apply strict exclusion criteria under carefully controlled conditions to produce a narrow range of results. Effectiveness studies more closely model real‐world treatment environments, with a more diverse patient sample and broader range of provider skills. In this multi‐center study of more than 2,900 dental implants, study centers were grouped by implant survival scores in an attempt to draw attention to the influence of confounding variables associated with the treatment environment.Methods: Thirty‐two study centers were ranked by implant survival scores at uncovering and assigned to three performance groups. Centers whose overall scores were within approximately one standard deviation of the mean were placed in the middle (70%) performance group (MPG). The remaining centers were placed in either the top (15%) performance group (TPG) or the lower (15%) performance group (LPG). Overall survival and survival by phase of treatment were recorded for each of six implant designs in each of the three performance groups.Results: From implant placement to 36 months, the TPG achieved survival rates from 100% (for 3 designs) to 95.5% (for one design), with an average of 97% for all designs. Increased variations in survival (97.2% to 73%) occurred in the MPG, with larger variations (96.4% to 48%) in the LPG. The HA‐coated cylinder recorded consistently high survival scores (over 95%) in all performance groups and all phases of treatment. Failures for other designs in the MPG and LPG were concentrated in the healing period (placement to uncovering), except for the commercially pure titanium screw, which had the most failures between uncovering and prosthesis loading.Conclusions: Implant design and treatment environment both play an important role in implant survival. Two design characteristics appear to enhance survival: 1) a surgical protocol involving minimal instrumentation at placement, and 2) hydroxyapatite (HA) coating. The HA‐coated press‐fit cylinder design was the least affected by the center's performance. Ann Periodontol 2000;5:129‐136.