bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elite Integration Through Volunteerism: The Case of a New York City Parent-Teacher Association
Authors: Voyer Andrea 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, I examine the case of elite integration through parental involvement in a paradigmatic civil society organisation, namely the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) of a New York City Public Elementary School. On the one hand, PTAs are seen as a classic example of US civic engagement and community-building. On the other hand, research suggests that volunteerism can be a source of social inequality. These two different views demonstrate the issues associated with the integration of civil society elites via PTAs. Through the case of a New York City PTA and its parent volunteers, I show that elite integration through the PTA is enabled by the increased influence of the organisation resulting from policy decisions and economic realities that make PTAs central to school funding and status. These developments centralise the power and influence of parents from the economic and cultural elite and supplant the PTAs’ stated democratic civic goals.
Orbital Roof Fractures
Authors: van der Pol Bram , Rutten Geert-Jan , Gooris Peter J. J. , Bergsma J. Eelco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOrbital roof fractures contribute only to a very limited extent to the number of facial fractures. Apart from a skeletal-orbital fracture, concomitant neurologic and/or ophthalmological injury can be present. Surgical intervention is indicated when specific findings are present. One should be aware of the potential development of late complications. Three illustrative patient cases will be discussed.
Diplopia
Authors: Braaksma-Besselink Yvette , Jellema Hinke Marijke 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBinocular single vision is based upon the fusion of two retinal images, one perceived by each eye, into a single percept. This phenomenon is called fusion, one of the stages of an intricate system of processes taking place in the brain. In order to direct our eyes to a focus of attention, six extraocular muscles per eye—each innervated by three extracranial nerves—control ocular movement. This operating system can be disrupted easily. Orbital diseases may impede the function of these muscles and nerves leading to strabismus and, eventually, (gaze-dependent) diplopia.Orthoptic investigation and diagnosis can help in the treatment of this group of patients. Orthoptic investigation is constructed by several steps which will lead to a full picture of the binocular system, and includes determining ocular deviation, binocular function, and ocular motility.Based upon these results, the orthoptist may provide temporary measures, such as prisms or occlusion to lessen the burden of diplopia. In case of lasting diplopia, strabismus surgery can alleviate part of this diplopia. However, restricted eye movements, incomitant deviation, and severe cyclotorsion may hamper the field of binocular single vision, even despite the availability of various surgical options. Careful explanation and a multidisciplinary treatment of orbital patients is necessary to guide them through the treatment process.
Ex- and Enophthalmos: Case Reports
Authors: Gooris Peter J. J. , Mensink Gertjan , Bergsma J. Eelco 
Published: December 2023

AbstractOn the basis of four case presentations various clinical, functional, and radiological aspects will be highlighted in relation to the axial position of the globe.As shown, there appears to be not always a direct relationship between anatomical changes, variations of the bony orbital volume as diagnosed on the CT scan and the anterior–posterior position of the globe.
Introduction: Unsettled Reflections From Golden Valley, Myanmar
Authors: Palmiano Federer Julia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis book is about the role of nongovernmental (NGO) mediators in promoting “inclusive peace” to negotiating parties in Myanmar’s Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA) negotiations from 2011 to 2015. I analyze how the norm of inclusivity was effectively localized as “all-inclusiveness” (hereafter used without quotation marks) in the NCA negotiations, albeit with unintended consequences. While NGO mediators may have been able to exercise “normative agency” in introducing and promoting the inclusivity norm, they did not have the normative agency to control the outcome of the norm diffusion process. Importantly, the localization of the inclusivity norm as all-inclusiveness centered the discourse on inclusion and exclusion and reified existing identity (ethnic and religious) politics in the country. This had both intended and unintended consequences on the outcome of the NCA process itself. In sum, NGO mediators’ promotion of a more inclusive process counterintuitively contributed to an exclusive outcome of the NCA process. The Myanmar case illustrates the limits of normative agency and the use of mediation processes as a site for norm diffusion, and serves as a cautionary tale for the consequences of promoting international norms without understanding the particular processes of norm diffusion. In this chapter, I lay out a narrative that introduces the main questions this book seeks to address, my main argumentation and approach, ending with a roadmap of the book’s chapters.
Numerical Analysis of the Effect of Rainfall on the Stability of Sandstone-Covered Mudstone Cutting Slopes
Authors: Guo Ying , Du Yating , Shan Wei , Zhang Chengcheng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLandslides caused by rainfall are easily produced when excavating is made in sandstone-covered mudstone strata. The expansion project of the Heishan Village to the Jixi section of the Dan-A Highway is used as an example, this International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) 030 paper studies the formation and damage mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides in sandstone-covered mudstone cutting slopes. The finite element numerical method is used to analyze the stability of the slope for the three different rainfall-influencing factors of rainfall intensity, duration, and rainfall form. The study indicates that the increases in the rainfall time and its intensity will decrease the stability of the cutting slope, and that the effect of rainfall on the slope is lagging behind. When rainfall intensity is 80 mm, rainfall duration is 1 day, and stagnation is 5 h, the slope instability is in the critical state. The front slope toe is the first unstable part in the process of slope instability. Rock and artificial construction are important reasons for this phenomenon.
Landslides in Higher Education Curricula and Beyond
Authors: Mikoš Matjaž 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEducation is a human right and plays a decisive role in capacity building from the pre-school level to professional, under-, and postgraduate university study programmes in higher education institutions and beyond, such as summer schools or as a part of lifelong education for a general audience. It gives us a profession or helps the general population and diverse stakeholders (e.g., policy and decision makers) increase society’s resilience against natural hazards, such as landslides. Thus, education finds a principal place also in numerous international documents accepted by the UN organizations.The article looks at education as a topic of international strategic documents on disaster risk reduction. It uses diverse web tools and databases to assess worldwide efforts in teaching/education on landslides and their disaster risk reduction at higher education levels and beyond. The focus is on the higher education study programmes offering courses on slope stability and landslide mitigation. This topic is widely covered by study programmes in the field of disaster risk management and classical study programmes in civil, geological, geotechnical engineering, as well as in geology and geography. The second cycle covers the landslide topic, i. e. master study programmes and university programmes are prevailing. There is an apparent lack of academic programmes offered as blended programmes or distance learning programmes in disaster risk reduction, including landslide risk. Certificates and diploma levels prevail among academic programmes offered as online courses or continuing education.The web search found a few (summer) schools dedicated to landslide topics and a variety of other open-access material that can be used for education and capacity building, such as blogs, databases, teaching tools, presentations, or video lectures.The International Consortium on Landslides might offer collected information in this article on its web pages under the topic “Educational tools” and then open it up to their members and landslide community to contribute to the content by sending links to elsewhere freely available educational material in landslide disaster risk reduction.
Conceptualizing Scholar-Activism Through Scholar-Activist Accounts
Authors: Bashiri Farzana 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter delves into one of the ways in which scholars strive to make their work matter, namely, through the practice of scholar-activism. It becomes evident that the concept of scholar-activism is multifaceted and lacks a universally established definition. The objective of this chapter is to gain an insider’s understanding of scholar-activism by exploring its conceptualization and intellectual foundations. To achieve this, a conceptual review of literature authored by scholar-activists is conducted, complemented by scientometric analysis of co-wording and co-citation. The findings of this study reveal two key insights. First, the concept of scholar-activism can be viewed as comprising three interconnected components: criticality, active engagement, and normative orientation. These elements inform one another, shaping the overall practice of scholar-activism. Second, the review identifies four primary intellectual influences that underpin scholar-activism: critical geography, feminist thought, popular education, and critical social theory. It becomes apparent that, based on the accounts of scholar-activists in this review, a conceptual reconciliation between scholarship and activism is feasible. Nevertheless, the practical challenges of navigating institutional and contextual barriers to bring about this alignment remain a significant obstacle for scholar-activists, warranting further exploration.
Will the Center Hold? What Research Centers Do to Universities and to Societal Challenges
Authors: Benner Mats , Hylmö Anders 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch centers represent a specific organizational format for linking the traditional university organization with external actors, goals, and processes in time-limited, concentrated efforts of research and collaboration. Yet, the center format contains large variations, and centers act as interfaces between university organizations, societal actors, and research funders in multifaceted ways. In this chapter, we focus analytically on the organizational structuration of universities and the influence of external funding on the steering of work modes and orientations of academic research. We ask what centers do, how they affect universities’ operations, and why some centers are more successful than others in their missions. We address these questions through an analysis of six centers within the 10-year Vinn Excellence and Berzelii center schemes run by the Swedish innovation Agency Vinnova, drawing on interviews, evaluation reports, and a broad range of archival data. We highlight great variations in how universities are influenced by center funding, which is most effective when aligned with internal university strategies. Center success depends on the fit and integration of internal and external ambitions, university strategies, and partner orientations. However, such alignment is merely reinforced, rather than altered, by external center support.
Beyond games: a systematic review of neural Monte Carlo tree search applications
Authors: Kemmerling Marco , Lütticke Daniel , Schmitt Robert H. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe advent of AlphaGo and its successors marked the beginning of a new paradigm in playing games using artificial intelligence. This was achieved by combining Monte Carlo tree search, a planning procedure, and deep learning. While the impact on the domain of games has been undeniable, it is less clear how useful similar approaches are in applications beyond games and how they need to be adapted from the original methodology. We perform a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles detailing the application of neural Monte Carlo tree search methods in domains other than games. Our goal is to systematically assess how such methods are structured in practice and if their success can be extended to other domains. We find applications in a variety of domains, many distinct ways of guiding the tree search using learned policy and value functions, and various training methods. Our review maps the current landscape of algorithms in the family of neural monte carlo tree search as they are applied to practical problems, which is a first step towards a more principled way of designing such algorithms for specific problems and their requirements.
Treatment Landscape of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yu-Wei , Wang Luke , Panian Justine , Dhanji Sohail , Derweesh Ithaar , Rose Brent , Bagrodia Aditya , McKay Rana R. 
Published: December 2023

Opinion StatementThe treatment landscape of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has evolved significantly over the past three decades. Active surveillance and tumor ablation are alternatives to extirpative therapy in appropriately selected patients. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging noninvasive alternative to treat primary RCC tumors. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly improved the overall survival of advanced RCC, and now the ICI-based doublet (dual ICI-ICI doublet; or ICI in combination with a vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ICI-TKI doublet) has become the standard frontline therapy. Based on unprecedented outcomes in the metastatic with ICIs, they are also being explored in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting for patients with high-risk disease. Adjuvant pembrolizumab has proven efficacy to reduce the risk of RCC recurrence after nephrectomy. Historically considered a radioresistant tumor, SBRT occupies an expanding role to treat RCC with oligometastasis or oligoprogression in combination with systemic therapy. Furthermore, SBRT is being investigated in combination with ICI-doublet in the advanced disease setting. Lastly, given the treatment paradigm is shifting to adopt ICIs at earlier disease course, the prospective studies guiding treatment sequencing in the post-ICI setting is maturing. The effort is ongoing in search of predictive biomarkers to guide optimal treatment option in RCC.
Using a workbook to support cognitive behavioural therapy with young people: a survey of psychological practitioners
Authors: Redburn James , Hayes Ben 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Practitioners have mixed views about the value of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) manuals, with some preferring to work based on professional judgement. The workbook represents a compromise, providing guidance and resources without prescribing standardised procedures. Workbooks have not previously been widely addressed in the CBT literature. This exploratory study analysed how practitioners use a CBT workbook (Think Good – Feel Good, TGFG) to support therapeutic work with young people (YP). Practitioners (n=238) completed an online survey about how TGFG is used and how it supports CBT. A convergent mixed-methods design was pursued. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed using content analysis, descriptive statistics, and chi-squared tests before themes were defined to summarise the dataset. When deciding whether to use TGFG, practitioners consider a YP’s presenting difficulty, level of understanding, motivation, and availability of systemic support. Practitioners use TGFG inside and outside the therapeutic space to plan sessions, revise CBT concepts, and complete worksheets (particularly those with a cognitive focus). Practitioners use TGFG flexibly and pragmatically (combining it with other therapeutic approaches), and they adapt resources to suit a YP’s understanding and interests. TGFG appears to be a widely used resource for practitioners across the range of experience.

Key learning aims

(1)
To expand upon the concept of the workbook as a therapeutic adjunct within the CBT literature.

(2)
To explore how a popular CBT workbook is useful to practitioners, how it is typically used, and the breadth of usage.

(3)
To consider whether and how workbooks are used flexibly by practitioners.

(4)
To encourage practitioners across the range of experience to reflect on how workbooks support planning and delivery of therapeutic interventions.
Polarimetric Retrieval of Raindrop Size Distribution: Double‐Moment Normalization Approach and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Shin Kyuhee , Kim Kwonil , Song Joon Jin , Lee GyuWon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRetrieving raindrop size distribution (DSD) is essential to understanding precipitation processes. Conventional approaches based on polarimetric radar (e.g., polynomial regression) struggle to accurately capture the inherent nonlinearity between DSD parameters and radar measurables. In contrast, machine learning (ML) algorithms offer a promising solution as it effectively models the complex non‐linear relationship. We have developed an ML algorithm to retrieve DSD parameters using polarimetric radar variables in a framework of double‐moment normalization. The potentially stable and invariant double‐moment normalized DSD enables the applicability of the algorithm in any climatic regime or any precipitation system. To improve the robustness of the model to measurement noises, we employed training samples with random noise. All ML algorithms outperformed the conventional method, with the random forest being the best model. This study highlights the effectiveness of the developed algorithm as a tool for understanding the DSD characteristics from polarimetric radar measurements.
Facile band gap tuning in graphene–brucite heterojunctions
Authors: Ulian Gianfranco , Valdrè Giovanni 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe zero band gap of pure graphene is a well-known issue that limits some specific applications of graphene in opto- and microelectronics. This led to several research studies in the so‐called van der Waals composites (known as heterostructures, or heterojunctions), where two monolayers of different materials are stacked and held together by dispersive interactions. In this paper, we introduced and considered a single layer of brucite Mg(OH)2, an overlooked 2D material that can be easily produced by exfoliation (like graphene from graphite), for the creation of the heterojunction. First principles simulations showed that brucite/graphene composites can modify the electronic properties (position of the Dirac cone with respect to the Fermi level and band gap) according to the crystallographic stacking and the presence of point defects. The present work represents then an important step forward in understanding and finding new ways to design two-dimensional materials with tailored electronic and physical properties.
The molecular subtypes and clinical prognosis characteristic of tertiary lymphoid structures-related gene of cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Li Juan , Chen Gang , Luo Yang , Xu Jin , He Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDespite the remarkable efficacy of PD-1-associated immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cutaneous melanoma (CM), the inconsistency in the expression of PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1, and resulting variability in the effectiveness of immunotherapy, present significant challenges for clinical application. Therefore, further research is necessary to identify tumor-related biomarkers that can predict the prognosis of immunotherapy. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been recognized as a crucial factor in predicting the response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors, including CM. However, the study of TLSs in CM is not yet comprehensive. Gene expression profiles have been shown to correlate with CM risk stratification and patient outcomes. In this study, we identified TLS-related genes that can be used for prognostic purposes and developed a corresponding risk model. The impact of TLS-related genes on clinicopathological characteristics, immune infiltration and drug susceptibility was also explored. Our biological function enrichment analysis provided preliminary evidence of related signaling pathways. Our findings provide a new perspective on risk stratification and individualized precision therapy for CM.
A survey of suicide literacy in Japanese school teachers
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Foo Jerome Clifford , Sasaki Tsukasa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSchool teachers are in a unique position to recognize suicide-related problems in their students and to appropriately support them; teachers may need high levels of suicide literacy. However, few studies have examined current levels of suicide literacy in teachers. This study aimed to investigate suicide literacy in school teachers. Teachers (n = 857) from 48 Japanese schools (primary and junior-/senior-high) answered a self-administered questionnaire assessing (a) knowledge about suicide, (b) intention to ask about students’ suicidal thoughts/plans, and (c) attitudes towards talking to students with mental health problems. The average proportion of correct answers to the knowledge questions (10 items) was 55.2%. Over half of the teachers knew that suicide is a leading cause of death in adolescents (55.0%), and that asking about suicidality is needed (56.2%). Half of the teachers intended to ask students about their suicidal thoughts (50.2%) and fewer intended to ask about experiences of planning suicide (38.8%). Most of the teachers (90.4%) agreed with the idea that talking to students with mental health problems was a teacher’s responsibility. Intention to ask about students’ suicidal thoughts/plans were higher in teachers in their 20s (vs. 40s–60s) and working at junior-/senior-high schools (vs. primary schools). Suicide literacy in Japanese school teachers was observed to be limited. However, teachers felt responsibility for helping students with mental health problems. The development and implementation of education programs may help improve teachers’ suicide literacy, which, in turn, could encourage effective helping behaviors of teachers for students struggling with suicidality.