bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the dual Ginzburg-Landau theory for holographic superconductors?
Authors: Natsuume Makoto 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Holographic superconductors are holographic duals of superconductors. Macroscopically, a superconductor should be described by the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory. There is ample evidence that the holographic superconductors are described by the standard GL theory, but the exact form of the dual GL theory is little known. We identify the dual GL theory for a class of bulk 5-dimensional holographic superconductors, where numerical coefficients are obtained exactly.
Investigating Ultralow-Emittance Nanobeam Formation Using a Coulomb Crystal
Authors: Yuri Yosuke , Miyawaki Nobumasa , Hosaka Kouichi , Ishii Yasuyuki , Hosoya Seiji , Kashiwagi Hirotsugu , Ito Kiyokazu , Okamoto Hiromi , Narumi Kazumasa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ultraprecise single-ion irradiation is of practical interest for the application of research and development of quantum materials and devices. To achieve this, a single-ion irradiation system, consisting of a linear Paul trap (LPT) and electrostatic bipotential lenses, is being developed at Takasaki Institute for Advanced Quantum Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology. In this paper, we conduct detailed multiparticle simulations on the controlled ejection of single ions from a two-component Coulomb crystal generated in the LPT, followed by the bipotential lens for strong focusing and acceleration of ejected cold ions, to investigate the feasibility of nanobeam formation. Two different schemes, which employ any of a string, planar, or shell crystal, are considered for selective single-ion ejection from the LPT. The present numerical results show that, in both ion ejection schemes, silicon ions sympathetically cooled through laser-cooled calcium ions can be ejected selectively from the LPT with an ultralow-emittance of the order of 10−15 m·rad or less and focused below 10 nm on the target after bipotential acceleration to 100 keV. The ion dynamics and focusing characteristics of the lens system are discussed.
Chemoprevention strategies for precancerous gastric lesions beyond Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Zhang Tai , Tang Xudong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant global health challenge, particularly in high-incidence regions like East Asia. Despite improvements in screening and treatment, the progressive nature of precancerous lesions—such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia—necessitates effective prevention strategies. This review evaluates the role of chemoprevention in GC, focusing on agents designed to target these precancerous lesions. The interventions examined include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), COX-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, vitamins, folic acid, bioactive compounds, traditional herbal medicines and emerging agents like metformin. Additionally, the potential of oxygen radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory agents and pathway-specific inhibitors is explored. While promising, the clinical effectiveness of these agents varies, and significant challenges remain in translating preclinical successes into clinical practice. Large-scale clinical trials are essential to validate these strategies and determine their role in GC prevention, particularly for high-risk populations. Integrating chemoprevention with existing GC management protocols may offer a more comprehensive approach to reducing GC incidence and improving outcomes.
Artificial intelligence model for automatic 3-dimensional reconstruction of ossicular chain and bony labyrinth from high-resolution CT
Authors: Xie Mingwei , Wang Haonan , Yang Zehong , Gao Ming , Shi Guangzi , Liao Xingnan , Luo Zhongqiang , Li Xiaomeng , Shen Jun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of ossicular chain and bony labyrinth based on temporal bone high-resolution CT (HRCT) is useful for diagnosis and treatment guidance of middle and inner ear diseases. However, these structures are small and irregular, making manual reconstruction time-consuming.

Purpose
To develop and validate an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on semisupervised learning for automated 3D reconstruction of ossicular chain and bony labyrinth on HRCT images.

Methods
HRCT images from 304 ears of 152 consecutive patients retrospectively collected from a single center were randomly divided into training (246 ears), validation (28 ears), and internal test (30 ears) cohorts for model development. A novel semisupervised ear bone segmentation framework was used to train the AI model, and its performance was evaluated by Dice similarity coefficients. The trained algorithm was applied to a temporally independent test dataset of 30 ears of 15 patients from the same center for comparison with manual 3D reconstruction for processing time, target volume, and visual assessment of segmentation.

Results
The AI model demonstrated a Dice score of 0.948 (95% CI, 0.940-0.955) for the internal and 0.979 (95% CI, 0.973-0.986) for the temporally independent test sets. In the latter dataset, the AI model required 2% or less processing time of manual 3D reconstruction for each ear (17.7 seconds ± 10.1 vs 1080.5 seconds ± 149.8; P &lt; .001) and had an accuracy comparable to human experts in the volume and visual assessment of segmentation targets (P = .237-1.000). In a subgroup analysis, the model achieved accurate segmentation (Dice scores of 0.98-0.99) across various diseases (eg, otitis media, mastoiditis, otosclerosis, middle and inner ear malformations, Ménière disease).

Conclusion
The AI model enables robust, efficient and accurate 3D reconstruction for the small structures such as ossicular chain and bony labyrinth on HRCT images.
Exercising self-control increases responsivity to hedonic and eudaimonic rewards
Authors: Huang Chengli , Zhou Zhiwei , Angus Douglas J , Sedikides Constantine , Kelley Nicholas J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control proposes that irrespective of self-control success, exercising self-control is aversive and engenders negative affect. To countermand this discomfort, reward-seeking behavior may be amplified after bouts of self-control, bringing individuals back to a mildly positive baseline state. Previous studies indicated that effort—an integral component of self-control—can increase reward responsivity. We sought to test and extend the reward responsivity hypothesis by asking if exercising self-control increases a neural marker of reward responsivity [Reward Positivity (RewP)] differentially for hedonic rewards or eudaimonic rewards. We instructed participants (N = 114) to complete a speeded reaction time task where they exercised self-control (incongruent Stroop trials) or not (congruent Stroop trials) and then had the opportunity to win money for themselves (hedonic rewards) or a charity (eudaimonic rewards) while electroencephalography was recorded. Consistent with the reward responsivity hypothesis, participants evinced a larger RewP after exercising self-control (vs. not exercising self-control). Participants also showed a larger RewP for hedonic over eudaimonic rewards. Self-control and reward type did not interactively modulate RewP, suggesting that self-control increases reward responsivity in a domain-general manner. The findings provide a neurophysiological mechanism for the reward responsivity hypothesis of self-control and promise to revitalize the relevant literature.
Spatiotemporal analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: a historical perspective (1994–2018)
Authors: Lopes Carla M D , Cardoso Diogo T , Bezerra Juliana M T , de Araújo Giovanna R , Carneiro Mariângela , Morais Maria H F , Barbosa David S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
In the Americas, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from the zoonotic transmission of Leishmania infantum. VL has a high occurrence rate in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (BH), Minas Gerais, Brazil, and has rapidly spread throughout the municipality since it was first recorded in 1994. This research analysed a historical perspective over 25 y of human VL occurrence in BH.

Methods
An ecological study of reported human VL occurrence from January 1994 to December 2018 in BH was performed. Epidemiological indicators and changes in the spatiotemporal transmission patterns of human VL were analysed throughout the study period.

Results
The average annual incidence of human VL was 3.20 cases per 100 000 inhabitants over the study period. The case fatality rate ranged from 7% to 21%. The proportion of VL/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection was &gt;20% in the years 2012, 2015 and 2018. Human VL was introduced into BH through the East and Northeast regions, expanding to other areas. The coverage areas of the São Miguel Arcanjo and Cafezal health centres (both in the Centro-Sul region of the city) as well as other areas in the Northeast, Northwest, Pampulha, Venda Nova, North, and East regions of the city presented higher relative risks for human VL occurrence.

Conclusions
The study contributes to a better understanding of the disease's epidemiological profile and identifies priority areas for developing control and monitoring actions.
Genome‐wide transcriptome differences associated with perceived discrimination in an urban, community‐dwelling middle‐aged cohort
Authors: Pacheco Natasha L. , Noren Hooten Nicole , Wu Sharon F. , Mensah‐Bonsu Maame , Zhang Yongqing , Chitrala Kumaraswamy Naidu , De Supriyo , Mode Nicolle A. , Ezike Ngozi , Beatty Moody Danielle L. , Zonderman Alan B. , Evans Michele K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDiscrimination is a social adversity that is linked to several age‐related outcomes. However, the molecular drivers of these observations are poorly understood. Social adverse factors are associated with proinflammatory and interferon gene expression, but little is known about whether additional genes are associated with discrimination among both African American and White adults. In this study, we examined how perceived discrimination in African American and White adults was associated with genome‐wide transcriptome differences using RNA sequencing. Perceived discrimination was measured based on responses to self‐reported lifetime discrimination and racial discrimination. Differential gene expression and pathway analysis were conducted in a cohort (N = 59) stratified by race, sex, and overall discrimination level. We found 28 significantly differentially expressed genes associated with race among those reporting high discrimination. Several of the upregulated genes for African American versus White adults reporting discrimination were related to immune function IGLV2‐11, S100B, IGKV3‐20, and IGKV4‐1; the most significantly downregulated genes were associated with immune modulation and cancer, LUCAT1, THBS1, and ARPIN. The most enriched gene ontology biological process between African American and White men reporting high discrimination was the regulation of cytokine biosynthetic processes. The immune response biological process was significantly lower for African American women compared to White women reporting high discrimination. Discrimination was associated with the expression of small nucleolar RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and microRNAs associated with energy homeostasis, cancer, and actin. Understanding the pathways through which adverse social factors like discrimination are associated with gene expression is crucial in advancing knowledge of age‐related health disparities.
Analysis of Delirium Risk Assessment Tools for Prediction of Postoperative Delirium Following Lumbar Spinal Fusion
Authors: Singh Manjot , Sahhar Maxwell , Nassar Joseph E. , Farias Michael J. , Rasquinha Rhea , Kim Jinseong , Diebo Bassel G. , Daniels Alan H. 
Published: January 2025

Study Design.
Retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
Evaluate the utility of Delirium Risk Assessment Score (DRAS), Delirium Risk Assessment Tool (DRAT), and Delirium Elderly At-Risk (DEAR) in patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusions.

Background.
Surgical interventions can place patients at risk for postoperative delirium (POD), an acute and often severe cognitive impairment associated with poor outcomes. However, common risk assessment tools have not been validated in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Methods.
Adults who underwent posterior lumbar fusion were queried using PearlDiver. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, and delirium occurrence within 7 days of surgery were extracted. Delirium risk scores were calculated using DRAS (15 points total; threshold 5 points), DRAT (8 points total; threshold 3 points), and DEAR (5 points total; threshold 2 points) scales. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and optimal risk scores maximizing Youden’s Index were established for each measure.

Results.
Among 37,119 patients, 70 patients (0.2%) developed POD. The mean age was 60.1 y, 56.6% were female, and mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2.1. POD patients had lower mean age and percent female sex, but higher mean CCI and percent medical comorbidities (all P<0.05). ROC curve analyses revealed that a DRAS score of 5 (Sensitivity=62.9%, Specificity=63.9%), DRAT score of 3 (Sensitivity=31.4%, Specificity=81.0%), and DEAR score of 2 (Sensitivity=40.0%, Specificity=82.9%) maximized the Youden’s Index value. Patients above these thresholds were 6.0, 2.0, and 3.2 times more likely to develop POD after posterior lumbar fusion, respectively.

Conclusion.
Delirium risk assessments tools were found to be useful in stratifying patients at high risk of POD following posterior lumbar fusion. Specifically, patients above the pre-defined thresholds were 2 to 6 times more likely to develop delirium postoperatively. Careful stratification of patients’ risk of delirium using highly sensitive and specific tools like DRAS may guide preoperative surgical planning and postoperative management plans.

Level of Evidence.
IV.
Long-term Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Ventral Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse Using Biologic Graft Prosthesis: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lonne Michael L. R. , Cao Amy M. Y. , Jenkin Ashley , Convie Liam J. , Stevenson Grant E , Moloney Jayson M. , Stevenson Andrew R. L. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
Minimally invasive ventral rectopexy has widely become the preferred prolapse procedure. However there have been recent concerns regarding the safety of permanent synthetic mesh in the pelvis. Biologic grafts have also been commonly used as an alternative prosthesis, but data on their safety and the longevity of the prolapse repair have been lacking.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the short and long-term safety and efficacy of biologic grafts in minimally invasive ventral rectopexy.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cohort study using data from a prospectively collected database.

SETTINGS:
Single surgeon at a single tertiary hospital in Australia.

PATIENTS:
There were 366 patients with minimum 6 months follow-up undergoing minimally invasive ventral rectopexy using a biologic graft between January 1, 2008, and October 5, 2023.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Overall recurrence, complications and functional outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 57 patients (15.6%, n = 57) experienced a recurrence during the study period, with a median follow up time of 35.5 months (range, 6-183 months). Of these, 17 (4.6%) were full thickness recurrence. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence rates were 2.0%, 6.0% and 16.0% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence for patients who presented with a full thickness prolapse compared to those with other indications (16.8% vs 14.2%, p=0.29). Overall, there were a total of 34 complications which occurred in 29 (7.9%) patients. 19 patients (5.2%) required a return to theatre. There were no graft related complications or long-term pelvic pain. 98% of patients had symptomatic improvement and were satisfied with their outcome.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective study and generalizability of the results from single surgeon experience. Late recurrences may have been missed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Minimally invasive ventral rectopexy using a biological graft is both safe and effective, offering acceptable short- and long-term recurrence rates and overall complications with no graft related morbidity. See Video.
Extracorporeal Life Support Organization 2024 Guideline for Early Rehabilitation or Mobilization of Adult Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Ramsey Stephen , Shehatta Ahmed Labib , Ramanathan Kollengode , Shekar Kiran , Brodie Daniel , Diaz Rodrigo , Roberts Abigail , Cruz Sherene , Hodgson Carol , Zakhary Bishoy 
Published: January 2025

Disclaimer:
This Extracorporeal Life Support Organization guideline describes early rehabilitation or mobilization of patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The guideline describes useful and safe practices put together by an international interprofessional team with extensive experience in the field of ECMO and ECMO rehabilitation or mobilization. The guideline is not intended to define the delivery of care or substitute sound clinical judgment. The guideline is subject to regular revision as new scientific evidence becomes available.
Noncardiac chest computerized tomography scan as a predictor for plaque presence in coronary artery
Authors: Regev-Avraham Zipi , Rozenfeld Ina , Hussein Osamah , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Halabi Majdi 
Published: January 2025

Background
Coronary artery calcium, a marker of coronary atherosclerosis, is often identified on noncoronary chest computed tomography (CT). We wanted to evaluate the correlation between the presence of coronary plaques in coronary artery catheterization and coronary calcifications as shown in noncardiac chest CT.

Methods
A retrospective case–control study consisting of cases (N = 63) and controls (N = 29), aged 18–70 years old, residing in northern Israel and treated in the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of Ziv Medical Center, between January 2020 and November 2022. All participants underwent coronary catheterization and noncoronary CT scans in the 5 years before the catheterization procedure. Data were taken from the participants’ electronic files while considering the potential of cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
The 92 participants had a mean age of 60.1 ± 10.3 years old. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted to age, sex, and hyperlipidemia showed that calcified coronary artery as shown on a previous noncardiac CT scan was positively and significantly associated with increasing risk of coronary plaque as presented in coronary catheterization: odds ratio = 5.93 (95% confidence interval: 1.85–19.07, P < 0.01) and was also associated with male sex who were more likely to have plaque on coronary catheterization than females: odds ratio = 3.77 (95% confidence interval: 1.29–11.32, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Coronary calcifications on a previous noncoronary CT scan and sex are positively and significantly associated with coronary plaque risk as present in coronary catheterization. Coronary evaluation on CT scans is important for early detection of coronary disease. Early treatment can avoid coronary disease complications and increase patient survival.
Evaluation of Proposed New Measures for the Hospital CAHPS Survey
Authors: Elliott Marc N. , Beckett Megan K. , Hambarsoomian Katrin , Lehrman William G. , Giordano Laura A. , Goldstein Elizabeth , Brown Julie 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Since its 2006 launch, the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey has become the most used hospital patient experience survey, included in public reporting and accountability systems. Responding to emerging evidence of possible gaps in survey content, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services undertook extensive efforts to develop and test new HCAHPS measures.

Objectives:
Describe the development and testing of new HCAHPS measures.

Research Design:
Activities supporting the development and refinement of survey items and measures included 4 patient focus groups, 27 cognitive interviews, and a 12-member technical expert panel. Psychometric testing of proposed survey items and measures used data from a 2021 large-scale randomized experiment.

Results:
Patient focus groups, cognitive testing, psychometric analyses, and a technical expert panel supported the addition of 2 new multi-item measures (Care Coordination and Restfulness of Hospital Environment), a new single-item measure (Information about Symptoms), and the placement of one current HCAHPS item (Quietness) within one of the new composite measures. All proposed measures had strong psychometric properties, including good construct validity and hospital-level reliabilities that ranged from 0.73 for the Information about Symptoms standalone measure to 0.87 for Restfulness of Hospital Environment. Cronbach alpha for the 3 new or modified composite measures ranged from 0.74 to 0.76.

Conclusions:
The new content would broaden HCAHPS by adding new aspects of care that are important to patients. The public reporting of the new measures and their role in payment may support hospital quality improvement efforts.
A case of obstructive shock and transient ischemic attack from intracardiac metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Chenna Venkata Sai Harshabhargav , Olaniyi Seyi , Arowolo Seun Adeola , Varghese Jeffrin John , Khan Misbah Kamal , Tabassum Sara , Balushi Jubran Al , Alameddine Selim , Kaur Parvinder 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Cancer-associated stroke (CAS) is a serious complication in cancer patients, particularly those with lung cancer. This case highlights a 76-year-old male with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed obstructive shock and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to intracardiac metastasis.

Case presentation:
The patient, with a history of coronary artery disease, chronic atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea, was diagnosed with stage IIIB squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Imaging revealed a tumor thrombus in the left atrium, extending from the right lower lobe of the lung via the pulmonary vein. The patient presented with hemodynamic instability and a fall. A TIA with right facial droop and left pronator drift developed, which resolved within six hours. Given his poor performance status (ECOG 3), he was started on palliative radiation therapy and discharged to hospice care.

Clinical discussion:
Intracardiac metastasis is a rare complication of lung cancer, leading to severe hemodynamic issues and neurological events like stroke. In this case, the tumor thrombus caused obstructive shock and increased the risk of ischemic stroke. Cancer-associated stroke is more common in patients with thoracic malignancies, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to manage these complex cases.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach in managing cancer-associated strokes, particularly in patients with advanced lung cancer. Palliative care is essential for symptom management and improving quality of life. Further research is needed to explore targeted treatments for cancer-associated thrombosis.