bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Onset and Duration of Action of Patanol® (Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution 0.1%) Compared to Claritin® (Loratadine 10 mg) Tablets in Acute Allergic Conjunctivitis in the Conjunctival Allergen Challenge Model
Authors: Abelson Mark B. , Welch Donna L. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare the clinical efficacy of Patanol® (olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 0.1%) to Claritin® (loratadine 10 mg) tablets, in the conjunctival allergen challenge model.Methods: This was a randomized, double‐masked, single center, contralateral controlled, antigen challenge model study. The concentration of allergen that elicited a positive response was determined at Visits 1 and 2 (itching ≥2 and redness ≥2 OU). At Visit 3, 29 subjects were randomized into two groups. Fifteen subjects received Claritin® tablet and Patanol® ophthalmic solution 0.1% in one eye and placebo in the contralateral eye. Fourteen subjects received placebo tablet and Patanol® in one eye and placebo in the contralateral eye. One hour after drug administration, subjects were challenged with the antigen that elicited a positive response. At 3, 7, and 10 minutes, itching was subjectively evaluated. At Visit 4, the same procedure was followed as in Visit 3, but antigen challenge occurred 8 hours after drug instillation.Results: Results were analyzed by eye. Eyes treated with Patanol® (concomitant with placebo tablet) had significantly lower ocular itching scores when compared to eyes treated with placebo (concomitant with Claritin®) at 3, 7 and 10 minutes in the onset of action evaluation (p<0.05). Eyes treated with Patanol® (concomitant with placebo tablet) had significantly lower ocular itching scores at 7 minutes and there was a statistical trend (0.05<p<0.1) at 10 minutes in duration of action evaluation.Conclusions: Patanol® therapy was significantly more efficacious than Claritin® in reducing ocular itching related to allergic conjunctivitis.
Transpupillary thermotherapy as an adjunct to ruthenium plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma
Authors: Seregard Stefan , Landau Irène 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To review the Swedish experience using transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) as an adjunct to ruthenium plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma.Methods: A retrospective chart review of 27 patients receiving TTT for juxtapapillary or juxtafoveal growth present at the time of diagnosis, or recurrent growth at the tumour margin, or significant exudation following ruthenium brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma.Results: Follow‐up ranged from 6 to 29 months (median=20 months). Tumour growth regressed completely (n=8), regressed partially (n=11), remain unchanged (n=6) or progressed (n=2). Complications included focal lens opacity with or without associated posterior synechiae (n=3), retinal haemorrhage (n=2) and retinal vein occlusion (n=1). Seventeen patients (63%) maintained or improved visual acuity and 2 eyes were enucleated following combined treatment.Conclusion: Many of the treated eyes would have been enucleated in the past, suggesting that TTT used in combination with ruthenium brachytherapy improves the short term globe salvage rate. Ocular side effects do occur but are usually not significant.
The effect of early steroid treatment after PRK on clinical and refractive outcomes
Authors: Vetrugno Michele , Maino Anna , Quaranta Grazia Maria , Cardia Luigi 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of steroid treatment administered in the first days after excimer laser keratectomy (PRK) on re‐epithelialization time, postoperative pain, haze and refractive outcome.Methods: A randomised, double masked trial was carried out on two groups of patients (40 patients each), who underwent PRK. Group A (steroid group) received 0.1% fluorometholone acetate whereas group B (NSAID group) received 0.5% ketorolac tromethamine until re‐epithelialization was completed. Subsequently, all 80 patients received the same steroid treatment: 0.1% fluorometholone acetate for myopic corrections up to −5 D, or dexamethasone for myopic corrections exceeding –5 D. Both drugs were tapered off over approximately 3 months. Follow‐up examinations were planned at 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery.Results: Re‐epithelialization was completed after three days, without any significant difference between groups. A higher hyperopic shift was shown in the steroid group and a more severe regression was reported in the NSAID group (p<0.001). Haze was significantly reduced in the steroid group (p=0.005), especially for myopic corrections over −5 D (p=0.015). Pain was significantly reduced in the NSAID group (p=0.002).Conclusion: Steroid eyedrops administered in the first days after PRK did not affect re‐epithelialization time. Moreover, a modulation of the inflammatory response in this period appears to reduce haze and myopic regression in high myopic patients.
Epidemiology of endogenous uveitis in north‐eastern Italy. Analysis of 655 new cases
Authors: Mercanti Andrea , Parolini Barbara , Bonora Adriana , Lequaglie Quintino , Tomazzoli Laura 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To report the results of a retrospective analysis among endogenous uveitis patients in the north‐eastern area of Italy.Methods: The authors reviewed a series of 655 new cases treated between October 1986 and December 1993. The incidence of endogenous uveitis was calculated based on a 100,000 patient population.Results: The average incidence was 11.40/100,000. The majority of patients were between the ages of 20 and 70 years (74.43%). A probable diagnosis was determined in 55.57% of cases; anterior uveitis was diagnosed in 58.01% of cases, posterior uveitis in 26.11%, panuveitis in 12.98%, and intermediate uveitis in 2.9% of cases. The authors observed recurrences in 25.49% of cases. While the first cases are almost equally distributed in the various months, the recurrences seem to be significantly more frequent in the cold (from November to February; mean air temperature<8°) and transitional months (October and from March to May; mean air temperature from 8°C to 18°C) than in the warm months (from June to September; mean air temperature >18°C). Respectively p=0.003 and p=0.029.Conclusion: The incidence in this series is lower than in other European and American studies. Despite the high rate of idiopathic cases in this study, the authors support that the presentation of single case experiences may allow improved multi‐centric analysis and a greater understanding of the epidemiology of uveitis.
Mucor endophthalmitis
Authors: Bhansali Anil , Sharma Ashok , Kashyap Ajit , Gupta Amod , Dash R. Jiban 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To report on a case of type 2 diabetes, with eyelid gangrene and endophthalmitis as a presenting manifestation of rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis.Results: CECT head showed proptosis, mucosal thickening in the ethmoid sinus and hypodense lesions in the frontal and occipital lobes. Vitreous tap showed right angle branched aseptate hyphae consistent with mucormycosis.Conclusions: A diabetic patient presenting with sudden loss of vision, eyelid gangrene and endophthalmitis, involvement by an angio‐invasive fungus‐like mucormycosis is an important consideration.
Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in eyes with open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Pohjalainen Tuula , Vesti Eija , Uusitalo Risto J. , Laatikainen Leila 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT. Purpose: To study the effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PHACO IOL) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma medication in open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes.Methods: 38 open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) eyes with cataract underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (PHACO IOL) performed by one surgeon (RJU). None of the patients had prior intraocular surgery. Surgery was performed by scleral incision on 37% and by clear corneal incision on 63%. Patients were re‐examined on the first postoperative day, after one week, 4 months, and in 29 cases 1–3.7 (mean 2.8) years after the operation.Results: The mean preoperative IOP was 18.4±3.3 mmHg with a mean of 1.7 glaucoma medications. On the first postoperative day, the mean IOP rose to 28.2±12.5 mmHg. IOP ≥30 mmHg occurred in 39.5% of the eyes. After one week, IOP had returned to the preoperative level. After 4 months, IOP had further decreased to 16.1±3.8 mmHg (p=0.0027). After a mean follow‐up of 1–3.7 (mean 2.8) years, the average postoperative IOP was 15.1±2.9 mmHg, being significantly (p=0.001) lower than the preoperative IOP with 86% of the patients having a mean of 1.6 drugs on average. The type of incision (scleral vs. corneal) did not affect the postoperative IOP level. Using the criteria of Bigger and Becker (1971) the long‐term IOP control after PHACO‐IOL surgery was improved or unchanged in 86% and worse in 14% of the preoperatively well‐controlled OAG eyes.Conclusions: In OAG eyes PHACO IOL is associated with a significant decrease in IOP with less medication up to 1–3.7 (mean 2.8) years.
Cellular proliferation and leukocyte infiltration in the rabbit cornea after photorefractive keratectomy
Authors: Gan Lisha , Hamberg‐Nyström Hélene , Fagerholm Per , Van Setten Gysbert 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To map the proliferative activity of corneal cells during wound healingfollowing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and to compare two markers for proliferation.Methods: PRK, 5‐ mm in diameter with a ‐6 D setting, was performed in one eye of 28 New Zealand White Rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed at time points between 12 hours and three months after surgery. The treated and fellow corneas were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, paraffin embedded, and immunohistochemically stained for proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and at one time point, 1 week, also for Ki‐67.Results: Following initial sliding of the epithelial cells, the proliferative activity in the wound area starts in the leading edge (24 hours) and is spread towards the periphery. The proliferative activity peaks after one week and subsides during the following two weeks. Early (24 hours) proliferative activity is also seen in the limbal epithelium which peaks after three days. The keratocytes express PCNA in the peripheral stroma 48 hours after injury. They then also migrate to repopulate the stroma under the wound area. The expression period lasts 1 week and subsides the following week. Leukocytes are found in the wound as early as 12 hours after injury. The cells disappear around the time of epithelial wound closure, i.e. after 3 days. The two proliferative markers PCNA and KI 67 show a similar distribution after surgery.Conclusion: Epithelial proliferative activity starts earlier after injury, and is preceded by leukocyte presence in the wound. The PCNA expression starts later in the keratocytes but lasts somewhat longer (3 weeks). PCNA expression appears more efficient than Ki‐67 to show proliferative activity of slow cycling cells in the cornea
Strabismus surgery: Fibrin glue versus vicryl for conjunctival closure
Authors: Dadeya Subhash , Ms Kamlesh 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: The aim of present study was to compare the results of conjunctival closure by fibrin glue with vicryl in strabismus surgery.Methods: 19 patients undergoing bilateral symmetrical strabismus surgery were included in this study. Conjunctival incisions were closed with 6–0 vicryl in the right eye and fibrin glue in the left eye.Results: On first post‐operative day 15 out of 19 eyes (78.9%) had well apposed conjunctiva, 3 out of 19 eyes (15.79%) had 1 mm retraction and one out of 19 eyes (5.26%) had 2 mm retraction, which needed suturing, in cases in which fibrin glue was applied. Increased discomfort and excessive watering was noted during the early postoperative period in 8 out of 19 eyes (42.1%), in eyes in which the conjunctiva was closed with 6–0 vicryl, as compared to none in the fibrin glued eyes (p=0.005). However, the difference disappeared after 21 days.Conclusion: Fibrin glue can be used as an alternative to suturing for conjunctival closure following strabismus surgery.
Anterior chamber depth estimation by Scheimpflug photography
Authors: Holmén Jörgen B. , Ekesten Björn , Lundgren Björn 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To obtain a model suitable for evaluation of the anterior chamber depth (ACD) maintaining capacity of viscoelastic substances – a critical parameter in cataract surgery.Methods: ACD was estimated using an anterior segment analysis system (EAS‐1000, Nidek Co Ltd, Japan). Variation was studied as an effect of batch number and eye within batch, storage, globe fixation, globe position, and repeated analyses of Scheimpflug images.Results: Considerable variation in ACD was found between eyes, batches, and as a result of prolonged storage (biological factors). Different IOPs before surgery caused significant alterations in ACD after overfilling with a viscoelastic substance. No significant differences were found when the globe position was altered or when the ACD was re‐estimated repeatedly from the same photograph.Conclusion: Differences due to biological factors are more important than methodological errors caused by the Scheimpflug instrument. To reduce these variations when viscoelastics are evaluated, all measurements should be calculated as % of ACD before surgery and the anterior chamber should be overfilled with a viscoelastic solution.
Neoplasia versus hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Heegaard Steffen , Larsen Jens Nicolai Brink , Fledelius Hans Callø , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose: To present the clinical and histopathological characteristics of two different tumor‐like lesions of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).Methods: Two cases of tumor‐like lesions of the RPE were identified in the files of the Eye Pathology Institute. The clinical characteristics and the light‐ and electron microscopical morphology of the lesions were compared and the diagnoses were re‐evaluated applying modern immunostainings.Results: Clinically, both adenoma and tumor‐like hyperplasia of the RPE may present with prominent retinal feeder arterioles. The lesions are hypofluorescent in the filling phases and have multiple hyperfluorescent zones in the late phase in fluorescein angiography. They show high internal reflectivity by A‐scan and appear as solid tumors by B‐scan ultrasonography. Histologically, the two presented lesions of the RPE are different. The first is an adenoma of the vacuolated subtype. The other lesion is a hyperplasia of the RPE disclosing a tubular morphology. The pathologically active cells in both cases were positive for the reaction with antibodies against: cytokeratin, NSE, vimentin, S‐100, HMB‐45, desmin and SMA. However, only the adenoma was sporadic melan‐A positive.Conclusion: Adenomas and tumor‐like hyperplastic lesions of the RPE are very rare lesions. They share many morphological and immunohistological characteristics. Of the presented cases only the RPE adenoma is sporadic melan‐A positive.
A clinicopathological study of venous loops and reduplications in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Bek Toke 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To study possible causes of the gradual venous occlusion that precedes the formation of venous loops and reduplications in diabetic retinopathy using histopathological techniques.Methods: Casts of the retinal vascular system from six eyes of five diabetic patients were used to identify venous loops and reduplications. Subsequently the lesions were studied by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cellular and non‐cellular components previously shown to be disturbed in the diabetic retina.Results: In all eyes the venous abnormalities identified on the casts were accompanied by abnormal wall partitions dividing the venous lumen. These partitions consisted of a double layer of flat cells displaying immunoreactivity to von Willebrand factor and actin (endothelial cells), but not to glial fibrillary acid protein or S‐100 protein (glial cells), CD3, CD20, CD68, or neutrophil elastase (leucocytes). Neutrophile granulocytes adhering to the walls of larger retinal venules were unrelated to the venous partition and to capillary occlusion in the adjacent retinal areas.Conclusions: Venous loops and reduplications are associated with partitions of the larger retinal venules consisting of a double layer of endothelial cells anchored to a thin basement membrane. An elucidation of the factors distinguishing this endothelial cell proliferation from preretinal new vessel formation may be important for understanding the pathophysiology of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Age‐related maculopathy: pathogenetic features and new treatment modalities
Authors: Algvere Peep V. , Seregard Stefan 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.A considerable amount of new information on putative pathogenetic mechanisms in age‐related maculopathy and degeneration has emerged in recent years. This comprises experimental studies on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and rod photoreceptor ageing, lipofuscin accumulation, the roles of oxidative stress and free radical formation, as well as antioxidants and other defensive mechanisms operating against environmental factors and ageing.The current application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin marks a new era in the treatment of subfoveal classical choroidal neovascularization. Several new treatment modalities, such as transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for inhibition of neovascularization, have emerged and are undergoing multicentre clinical trials. A period of dynamic development in this field has commenced.
Refractive change during hyperbaric oxygen therapy. A clinical trial including ultrasound oculometry
Authors: Fledelius Hans C. , Jansen Erik C. , Thorn Jens 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To record changes in refraction and refractive parameters associated with a standard hyperbaric oxygen treatment protocol consisting of a 95 min session at > 95% oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres (ATA) given daily Monday to Friday, to a total of 30 sessions.Patients and methods:  Seventeen of the 26 patients included were able to attend for ophthalmic assessment at time zero (to) and after 20 treatments (t20). Thirteen patients also had a post‐treatment follow‐up. Most patients were being treated for osteoradionecrosis after radiotherapy of ENT cancers, and drop‐outs for the eye exam were common. Refraction was determined subjectively and by refractometry, before and after tropicamide 1% eyedrops. Refractive parameters were assessed by keratometry and by A‐scan axial ultrasound measurement.Results: Results are given for the 17 patients with to and t20 assessments. The induced refractive change ranged from 0 to 1.5 D. When observed, refractive changes were myopic in nature. The shift averaged 0.58 D according to the refractometer and 0.49 D as subjectively assessed, with corresponding median change values being 0.62 and 0.39 D. The differences between 0 D and these values, although small, were statistically highly significant.Conclusions: The refractive changes associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy were smaller than the literature had led us to expect. No significant change in axial eye length measurements was found, and keratometry readings reflected only minimal change, although this was statistically significant on a 0.05 level. Therefore it is most likely that lens changes, whether in internal refractive indices or curvatures, accounted for the transitory shift towards more myopic/less hyperopic values.
Long‐term outcome of trabeculectomy in terms of intraocular pressure
Authors: Ehrnrooth Pia , Lehto Ilkka , Puska Päivi , Laatikainen Leila 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To evaluate the outcome, long‐term results and contributing prognostic factors of trabeculectomy in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) and to compare the results in primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and exfoliation glaucoma (EG).Methods:  This study involved retrospective evaluation of 138 consecutive patients (138 eyes) with either POAG or EG. All patients had undergone primary trabeculectomy performed by the same surgeon between November 1994 and August 1996. Only one eye per patient was included. Operations performed with the use of antimetabolites were excluded. All patients were aged over 40 years and were white. Follow‐up for all subjects lasted at least 2 years. Successful control of IOP was defined as achieving IOP ≤ 21 mmHg without medication (complete success) or with a single topical medication (qualified success). Success rates were determined using the Kaplan‐Meier survival curve, and risk factors were analysed with proportional hazards regression.Results:  According to the Kaplan‐Meier survival curve, success rates (complete or qualified) were 82% at 1 year, 70% at 2 years, 64% at 3 years and 52% at 4 years. A total of 63% were complete successes at 1 year, 54% at 2 years, 45% at 3 years and 40% at 4 years. Complete success rates were significantly better in the POAG group than in the EG group. Proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the presence of EG and early postoperative IOP > 30 mmHg decreased the possibility of complete success, while a cataract operation performed during follow‐up improved it.Conclusion:  The IOP‐reducing effect of trabeculectomy decreases gradually. After 4 years, 52% of operated eyes had IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with or without a single topical medication. Diagnosis of EG implied a worse long‐term outcome for trabeculectomy in terms of IOP.
Radius and asphericity of the posterior corneal surface determined by corrected Scheimpflug photography
Authors: Dubbelman Michiel , Weeber Henk A. , Van Der Heijde Rob G. L. , Völker‐Dieben Hennie J. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACT.Purpose:  To obtain the shape of the posterior corneal surface in a healthy population, using Scheimpflug photography corrected for distortion due to the geometry of the Scheimpflug imaging system and the refraction of the anterior corneal surface.Methods:  The posterior corneas of 83 subjects, ranging in age from 16 to 62 years, were measured in the vertical meridian using corrected Scheimpflug photography. The aspherical shape of the anterior Corneal surface was also determined in conjunction with the correction of Scheimpflug images.Results:  The average radius of the anterior corneal surface was 7.87 ± 0.27 mm (SD), while the average radius of the posterior corneal surface was 6.40 ± 0.28 mm (SD). The ratio between the posterior and the anterior radius of curvature was 0.81 ± 0.02. The asphericity of the anterior and the posterior corneal surfaces was 0.82 ± 0.18 and 0.62 ± 0.27, respectively. The asphericity of the posterior corneal surface decreased significantly with age. The posterior/anterior asphericity ratio is also dependent on age and was 0.98 ± 0.17 at 16 years of age and 0.53 ± 0.30 at 62 years of age.Conclusion:  Corrected Scheimpflug photography is an appropriate technique for measuring the radius and asphericity of the posterior corneal surface. The asphericity of the posterior corneal surface changes with age.