bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical appearance and cosmetic medical treatments: physiological and socio‐cultural influences
Authors: Sarwer David B , Magee Leanne , Clark Vicki 
Published: March 2004

SummaryThis paper reviews the physiological and socio‐cultural literatures on the role of physical appearance in daily life and its potential influence on the decision to pursue cosmetic medical treatments.The role of physical appearance in evolutionary theory is discussed. Physiological theories of beauty, drawn from both animal and human research, are reviewed. Socio‐cultural influences on physical appearance are considered by tracing changes in ideals of beauty over the last century. The paper then reviews the literature concerning the relationship between a person's physical appearance and how they are treated throughout their lives. The growing awareness of this ‘beauty bias’ may influence the decision to alter one's physical appearance through cosmetic procedures.
Matting of hair following use of a new herbal shampoo
Authors: Zawar Vijay P , Mhaskar Sharad T 
Published: March 2004

SummaryAn Indian woman had irreversible entanglement (matting) of scalp hair following the use of a new shampoo. Previous shampoos used were well tolerated. Unaccustomed shampoo is the most likely cause, but the piling of long hair on the top of the head while shampooing and the repeated friction of combing of wet hair might both have facilitated the process of matting.
Host range and host preference of a flea weevil, Orchestes hustachei, parasitizing aphid galls
Authors: TOMISAWA Rie , AKIMOTO Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2004

AbstractAlthough larvae of flea weevils (Curculioninae: Rhamphini) have been known to be leaf miners, larvae of the rhamphine weevil Orchestes hustachei have been found in aphid galls of four Tetraneura species on Ulmus davidiana and in galls of Paracolopha morissoni on Zelkova serrata. This study clarified the feeding habits of O. hustachei larvae and evaluated gall selection by ovipositing females to test the hypothesis of host race formation on their hosts, Tetraneura and Paracolopha galls. When weevil larvae were placed in half‐cut galls, they always fed on aphids rather than on gall tissue. When given gall tissue only, all larvae failed to reach adulthood. The number of aphids surviving in a parasitized gall decreased significantly with the development of the weevil larvae. These results suggest that O. hustachei larvae use aphids as their major food source. In the field, ovipositing females did not discern between four Tetraneura species on U. davidiana, in spite of a large difference in suitability as food. Paracolopha morrisoni was introduced into Hokkaido approximately 100 years ago, together with the host plant Z. serrata. It is probable that P. morrisoni has recently come to be used as a host by O. hustachei in Hokkaido. Host choice experiments using Tetraneura sp. O and P. morrisoni galls indicated that female weevils from Z. serrata preferred P. morrisoni to Tetraneura sp. O galls, while females from U. davidiana selected the two types of gall randomly. On Z. serrata, female weevils selected larger P. morrisoni galls, while on U. davidiana, females did not show a preference for gall size. These results suggest that a host shift to P. morrisoni galls may have led to an initial stage of host race formation between the weevil population using Tetraneura galls on U. davidiana, and that using P. morrisoni galls on Z. serrata.
Oxycephalomyia, gen. nov., and life history strategy of O. styraci comb. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Styrax japonicus (Styracaceae)
Authors: TOKUDA Makoto , NOHARA Machiko , YUKAWA Junichi , USUBA Shigeshi , YUKINARI Masaaki 
Published: March 2004

AbstractA new genus Oxycephalomyia is described to contain the gall midge that was previously known as Asteralobia styraci (Shinji). Oxycephalomyia styraci, comb. nov., produces leaf vein galls on Styrax japonicus (Styracaceae). The adult of O. styraci is redescribed, and its full‐grown larva and pupa are described for the first time. The annual life cycle of the gall midge in northern Kyushu was clarified; the first instars overwinter in the galls on the host plant. However, the galls of O. styraci mature much later in the season than those of other gall midges with a similar life history pattern, and the durations of second and third larval instars are remarkably short. Such a life history pattern is considered to have an adaptive significance in avoiding larval parasitism, particularly by early attackers. The number of host axillary buds as oviposition sites decreased in bearing years and increased in off years, but there was no sign of oviposition site shortage even in bearing years, probably due to the low population density of the gall midge. An unidentified lepidopteran that feeds on galled and ungalled host buds and a Torymus sp. that attacks pupae of O. styraci were recognized as mortality factors of the gall midge.
First record of Baetis taiwanensis Müller‐Liebenau from Japan, with description of the imago and subimago (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
Authors: FUJITANI Toshihito , HIROWATARI Toshiya , KOBAYASHI Norio , TANIDA Kazumi 
Published: March 2004

Abstract Baetis taiwanensis is recorded from Japan, and its imagoes and subimagoes are described for the first time. We provide diagnostic characters which are useful to distinguish B. taiwanensis from an allied species, Baetis sahoensis, in imago, subimago and nymph. We reveal that the line drawings of B. taiwanensis and Nigrobaetis tatuensis were inadvertently interchanged in the original description.
Distribution and composition of colony founding associations of a subterranean termite,Reticulitermes kanmonensis
Authors: KITADE Osamu , HAYASHI Yoshinobu , KIKUCHI Yoshitomo , KAWARASAKI Satoko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractWe investigated distribution and sexual composition of founding associations ofReticulitermes kanmonensis, the Japanese subterranean termite, which occurs only in the Kanmon area. These properties are discussed in relation to body size and mitochondrial genotype of the dealates. The founding colonies showed a highly aggregated distribution with a ‘hot spot’ of colony founding; however, mitochondrial haplotypes of the dealates suggested random mating. Monogamous colonies were predominant, but solitary colonies and colonies with two females and/or males also occurred. Paired dealates tended to be larger than solitary founders, suggesting that both sexes were under sexual selection related to body size.
Diversification Discount or Premium? New Evidence from the Business Information Tracking Series
Authors: Villalonga Belén 
Published: March 2004

ABSTRACTI use the Business Information Tracking Series (BITS), a new census database that covers the whole U.S. economy at the establishment level, to examine whether the finding of a diversification discount is an artifact of segment data. BITS data allow me to construct business units that are more consistently and objectively defined than segments, and thus more comparable across firms. Using these data on a sample that yields a discount according to segment data, I find a diversification premium. The premium is robust to variations in the sample, business unit definition, and measures of excess value and diversification.
Optimal Diversification: Reconciling Theory and Evidence
Authors: Gomes Joao , Livdan Dmitry 
Published: March 2004

ABSTRACTIn this paper we show that the main empirical findings about firm diversification and performance are consistent with the maximization of shareholder value. In our model, diversification allows a firm to explore better productive opportunities while taking advantage of synergies. By explicitly linking the diversification strategies of the firm to differences in size and productivity, our model provides a natural laboratory to investigate several aspects of the relationship between diversification and performance. Specifically, we show that our model can rationalize the evidence on the diversification discount (Lang and Stulz (1994)) and the documented relation between diversification and productivity (Schoar (2002)).
An Examination of Long‐Term Abnormal Stock Returns and Operating Performance Following R&D Increases
Authors: Eberhart Allan C. , Maxwell William F. , Siddique Akhtar R. 
Published: March 2004

ABSTRACTWe examine a sample of 8,313 cases, between 1951 and 2001, where firms unexpectedly increase their research and development (R&D) expenditures by a significant amount. We find consistent evidence of a misreaction, as manifested in the significantly positive abnormal stock returns that our sample firms' shareholders experience following these increases. We also find consistent evidence that our sample firms experience significantly positive long‐term abnormal operating performance following their R&D increases. Our findings suggest that R&D increases are beneficial investments, and that the market is slow to recognize the extent of this benefit (consistent with investor underreaction).
News Arrival, Jump Dynamics, and Volatility Components for Individual Stock Returns
Authors: Maheu John M. , McCurdy Thomas H. 
Published: March 2004

ABSTRACTThis paper models components of the return distribution, which are assumed to be directed by a latent news process. The conditional variance of returns is a combination of jumps and smoothly changing components. A heterogeneous Poisson process with a time‐varying conditional intensity parameter governs the likelihood of jumps. Unlike typical jump models with stochastic volatility, previous realizations of both jump and normal innovations can feed back asymmetrically into expected volatility. This model improves forecasts of volatility, particularly after large changes in stock returns. We provide empirical evidence of the impact and feedback effects of jump versus normal return innovations, leverage effects, and the time‐series dynamics of jump clustering.
Option Pricing on Stocks in Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: Subramanian Ajay 
Published: March 2004

ABSTRACTWe develop an arbitrage‐free and complete framework to price options on the stocks of firms involved in a merger or acquisition deal allowing for the possibility that the deal might be called off at an intermediate time, creating discontinuous impacts on the stock prices. Our model can be a normative tool for market makers to quote prices for options on stocks involved in such deals and also for traders to control risks associated with such deals using traded options. The results of tests indicate that the model performs significantly better than the Black–Scholes model in explaining observed option prices.
Computation of exhaust mixing noise using large-eddy simulation turbulence modeling and Lighthill's acoustic analogy
Authors: Schein David Brian 
Published: March 2004

This research involves computational study of free, heated jet flow and resultant far-field sound performed using large-eddy simulation (LES) and Lighthill's acoustic analogy. A subgrid-scale model for small-scale compressible turbulence was developed using a combination of the popular Smagorinsky model and a deductive model. An existing software package for compressible flow field computation was substantially modified to perform temporal LES and aerosound simulations. Cases studied extend to large Reynolds number (Re), high subsonic (compressible) flow with realistic geometries more representative of aircraft engine exhausts than typically considered using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Flow-field fluctuations are stored over a period of time and used to calculate rms turbulence within the computational domain. The far-field sound and directivity is computed using the time-derivative form of Lighthill's source-integral result formulated in terms of quadrupole sources from the simulated flow field, which is integrated in time and contains the fluctuations set up by the time-varying stress tensor. A simulation for a WR19–4 turbofan engine exhaust (Re&gt;106 based on exist velocity and diameter) is presented, and propagated jet noise results are compared with experimental acoustic data.
Thesis advisor: William C. Meecham
Copies of this thesis written in English can be obtained from
Mental illness in people who kill strangers: longitudinal study and national clinical survey
Authors: Shaw Jenny , Amos Tim , Hunt Isabelle M , Flynn Sandra , Turnbull Pauline , Kapur Navneet , Appleby Louis 
Published: March 2004

AbstractObjectives To establish changes over time in the frequency of homicides committed by strangers, and to describe the personal and clinical characteristics of perpetrators of stranger homicides.Design Longitudinal study and national clinical survey.Participants People convicted of homicide in England and Wales between 1996 and 1999 and whether the victim was known to the perpetrator.Setting England and Wales.Main outcome measure Characteristics of perpetrators of homicides according to whether victims were strangers or not.Results Stranger homicides increased between 1967 and 1997, both in number and as a proportion of all homicides. No increase was found, however, in the number of perpetrators placed under a hospital order after homicide, whether all homicides or stranger homicides only. 358 of 1594 (22%) homicides were stranger homicides. In these cases the perpetrator was more likely to be male and young. The method of killing was more likely to be by hitting, kicking, or pushing (36% (130 of 358) for victims who were strangers to the perpetrator compared with 14% (145 of 1074) for victims who were known). Perpetrators were less likely to have a history of mental disorder (34%, n = 80 ν 50%, n = 142), a history of contact with mental health services (16%, 37 of 234 ν 24%, 200 of 824), and psychiatric symptoms at the time of the offence (6%, n = 14 ν 18%, n = 143). They were more likely to have a history of drug misuse (47%, n = 93 ν 37%, n = 272); alcohol (56%, n = 94 ν 41%, n = 285) or drugs (24% n = 44 ν 12%, n = 86) were more likely to have contributed to the offence.Conclusions Stranger homicides have increased, but the increase is not the result of homicides by mentally ill people and therefore the “care in the community” policy. Stranger homicides are more likely to be related to alcohol or drug misuse by young men.
POSITIVE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Authors: PARK CHAN-KYOO , KIM WOO-JE , LEE SANGWOOK , PARK SOONDAL 
Published: March 2004

Positive sensitivity analysis (PSA) is a sensitivity analysis method for linear programming that finds the range of perturbations within which positive value components of a given optimal solution remain positive. Its main advantage is that it is applicable to both an optimal basic and nonbasic optimal solution. The first purpose of this paper is to present some properties of PSA that are useful for establishing the relationship between PSA and sensitivity analysis using optimal bases, and between PSA and sensitivity analysis using the optimal partition. We examine how the range of PSA varies according to the optimal solution used for PSA, and discuss the relationship between the ranges of PSA using different optimal solutions. The second purpose is to clarify the relationship between PSA and sensitivity analysis using an optimal basis, and the relationship between PSA and sensitivity analysis using the optimal partition. We show that sensitivity analysis using the optimal partition is a special case of PSA, and its properties can be derived from the properties of PSA. The comparison among the three sensitivity analysis methods will lead to a better understanding of the difference among sensitivity analysis methods.
Can We Sell a Virtual Object in a Virtual Society? (E-commerce Evaluations in PAW^2, A Personal Agent-Oriented Virtual Society
Authors: Matsuda Kouichi 
Published: March 2004

In view of the latest developments in computer and network technology, research organizations and companies have proposed several distributed systems that realize a 3D multiuser virtual shared environment. Within that framework, we have developed PAW^2 (Personal Agent World), a personal agent-oriented virtual society that built upon the avatar-and-text-communication Community Place system and exposed it to the Internet. PAW^2 is a virtual society that improves upon existing virtual environments by providing autonomous personal agents that interact with users in a virtual environment with a social infrastructure. It is publicly accessible on the Internet. In this paper, we report and discuss the results of e-commerce evaluations of the use of PAW^2 on the Internet. The underlying hypothesis for these evaluations was that defining the value of a virtual object in a virtual society makes it possible for that object to be sold for money like real goods. The evaluation consisted of selling a virtual item to approximately eighty thousand registered PAW^2 users over a period of approximately two months. The results of the evaluations showed that, in a virtual society, a virtual object that adds functions to a personal agent and can be used as an avatar accessory can be sold like real goods.
Effects of Handling Real Objects and Self-Avatar Fidelity on Cognitive Task Performance and Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments
Authors: Lok Benjamin , Naik Samir , Whitton Mary , Brooks Frederick P. 
Published: March 2004

Immersive virtual environments (VEs) provide participants with computer-generated environments filled with virtual objects to assist in learning, training, and practicing dangerous and/or expensive tasks. But does having every object being virtual inhibit the interactivity and level of immersion? If participants spend most of their time and cognitive load on learning and adapting to interacting with virtual objects, does this reduce the effectiveness of the VE? We conducted a study that investigated how handling real objects and self-avatar visual fidelity affects performance and sense of presence on a spatial cognitive manual task. We compared participants' performance of a block arrangement task in both a real-space environment and several virtual and hybrid environments. The results showed that manipulating real objects in a VE brings task performance closer to that of real space, compared to manipulating virtual objects. There was no signifi-cant difference in reported sense of presence, regardless of the self-avatar's visual fidelity or the presence of real objects.
Flowrate and heat transfer considerations for oxidation catalysts
Authors: McCullough G , Douglas R , Spence S , Cunningham G 
Published: March 2004

This paper presents the results of a study into the effects of flowrate and heat transfer in oxidation catalysts. The analysis was performed using a validated two-dimensional catalyst model, which has been designed to predict the behaviour of an oxidation catalyst during transient warm-up and light-off conditions. It is only during the simulation of transient conditions that the true effects of changes to the flowrate and heat loss to the substrate and surrounding materials can be observed. In addition, the two-dimensional design of the model used allows the reaction intensities to be viewed throughout the catalyst and gives the opportunity to examine these effects in both the radial and axial directions. The study has shown that the heat loss from the upstream section of exhaust pipe not only reduces the rate of increase of the feed gas temperature but also removes heat from the outer edges of the catalyst and delays the onset of reactions in these areas. Consequently, the importance of insulating the upstream exhaust pipe and the catalyst housing is demonstrated. It is also shown that increasing the thermal conductivity of the substrate reduces the light-off temperature by transporting heat to the cooler regions more rapidly. Increasing the void fraction of the substrate also has a signiflcant effect on the light-off temperature as less heat is absorbed from the feed gas. Finally, it is shown that increasing the flowrate, or space velocity, of the gas increases the resulting light-off temperature. For the conditions simulated, it was seen that increasing the flowrate by one order of magnitude increased the light-off temperature by only 13 °C. However, emissions breakthrough was seen to occur at a space velocity around 164 000 h 1.
Near optimal LQR performance for uncertain first order systems
Authors: Luo L. , Miller D. E. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractIn adaptive control, the objective is to provide stability and acceptable performance in the face of significant plant uncertainty. However, often there are large transients in the plant output and the control signal can become excessively large. Here, we consider the first order case with the plant parameters restricted to a compact set; we show how to design a (linear time‐varying) adaptive controller which provides near optimal LQR performance. This controller is periodic with each period split into two parts: during the Estimation Phase, an estimate of the optimal control signal is formed; during the Control Phase, a suitably scaled estimate of this signal is applied to the system. We demonstrate the technique with a simulation and discuss the benefits and limitations of the approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blastic NK‐cell‐like lymphoma with T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Yuan , Atkins Robert C. , Feusner James H. , Rowland Jon M. 
Published: March 2004

AbstractBlastic natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma is very rare but has been recently classified as a distinct entity in WHO classification. However, the classification remains controversial, and the clinicopathologic spectrum is not completely understood. We report a unique case of cutaneous CD4+ CD56+ malignancy with a typical clinical presentation and immunophenotype of blastic NK‐cell lymphoma in a 15‐year‐old Guamanian girl. The skin was the only site involved by the lymphoma. Molecular study showed clonal T‐cell receptor γ gene rearrangement. The patient has been disease‐free till now (more than 12 months following bone marrow transplant). This case may represent a tumor at an early stage of a common developmental pathway for T‐cells and NK‐cells. Am. J. Hematol. 75:251–253, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelodysplastic syndrome with central diabetes insipidus manifesting hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration
Authors: Nakamura Fumihiko , Kishimoto Yuui , Handa Tomoyuki , Arai Yukihiro , Mitani Kinuko 
Published: March 2004

AbstractCentral diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare but recognized complication of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is caused by leukemic infiltration to the hypothalamo‐neurohypophyseal system. In rare patients in whom a wide region of the hypothalamus is involved, central DI results in hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration. Typical DI symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, and marked thirst are concealed in these cases, because the hypothalamic “thirst center” cannot send thirst stimuli to the cerebral cortex. Herein we describe a patient with MDS developing into AML, who presented with hypodipsic hypernatremia and dehydration. A diagnosis of central DI was made on the ground of a low level of serum anti‐diuretic hormone (ADH) despite high serum osmolality. A magnetic resonance imaging study revealed attenuation of a physiological “bright spot” of the neurohypophysis. An induction course chemotherapy including regular‐dose cytarabine and daunorubicin produced a rapid improvement of hypernatremia. The bone marrow aspirate after two courses of chemotherapy showed complete remission. At that point, ADH release and the “bright spot” were recovered. In order to correctly diagnose central DI in association with hematological malignancies, we should not overlook this atypical type of DI. Am. J. Hematol. 75:213–216, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.