bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three cases highlighting possible discrepancies in the interpretation of transgender DXA scores
Authors: De La Torre Sebastian C. , Godar Cassandra M. , Shakir Mohamed K. M. , Hoang Thanh D. 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageFor diagnosis of osteoporosis, a T‐score of ≤−2.5 is recommended for all transgender and gender‐diverse patients aged 50 years or older, regardless of hormonal status. This case series presents 3 transgender individuals younger than 50 years undergoing gender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) who had DXA scores suggestive of osteoporosis. We highlight possible discrepancies in DXA scan interpretations, especially in forearm bone mineral density measurements. We present the baseline (prior to beginning GAHT), 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐up DXA data along with pertinent labs to include 25‐OH vitamin D, calcium, and alkaline phosphatase, for 2 transgender males (assigned female at birth) and 1 transgender female (assigned male at birth) undergoing GAHT who had low Z‐scores and T‐scores suggestive of osteoporosis. Multiple studies have analyzed the BMD data of individuals taking GAHT over time, which identify possible causes for low baseline Z‐scores for transgender females, but less so for transgender males. Other than positional statements, guidelines remain unclear regarding diagnostic approaches to osteoporosis and low Z‐scores in transgender individuals who are premenopausal or under 50 years of age. This case series addresses discrepancies in interpretation that may be encountered by clinicians with baseline and follow‐up DXAs, especially involving the forearm, during the course of GAHT. This highlights the importance of establishing clearer guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and low BMD for chronological age in the transgender population.
Recurrent syncope driven by unique‐variant angina pectoris
Authors: Yang Guang , Lei Yanna , Xin Minglong , Xu Wenhu , Zhao Guangxian , Jin Xueying , Piao Meina , Li Xiang , Cheng Xian Wu 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThe patient's vasospastic variant angina manifested as syncope with asymptomatic ischemic episodes, and repeated 24‐h dynamic electrocardiogram and coronary angiography examinations combined with coronary provocation spasm tests were necessary for its diagnosis and management.
Aurones: Unexplored Visible‐Light Photoswitches for Aqueous Medium
Authors: Berdnikova Daria V. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of synthetically accessible photoswitches showing an efficient performance in aqueous medium has recently become an urgent task due to the rapid progress of photopharmacology and novel biomedical applications. In response to this challenge, in this work, aurone derivatives are introduced as a novel class of efficient visible‐light photoswitches for aqueous medium. In general, aurones exhibit superior performance in water, including significantly higher quantum yields, compared with other indigoid photoswitches (hemithioindigo and hemiindigo). Especially remarkable are the half‐lives of the photoinduced E‐isomers of aurones in water, reaching up to 7 years. Further modification of the aurone scaffold with substituents that increase water solubility does not affect most of the photoswitching characteristics and even improves some them. The highly advantageous property profile of the aurone photoswitches make them a perfect novel platform for the design of light‐controllable systems in the areas requiring photoswitching in aqueous medium.
Patient navigation job roles by levels of experience: Workforce Development Task Group, National Navigation Roundtable
Authors: Varanasi Arti Patel , Burhansstipanov Linda , Dorn Carrie , Gentry Sharon , Capossela Michele A. , Fox Kyandra , Wilson Donna , Tanjasiri Sora , Odumosu Olayinka , Saavedra Ferrer Elba L. 
Published: February 2024

Plain Language Summary

Cancer patient navigators work in diverse settings ranging from community‐based programs to comprehensive cancer centers to improve outcomes in underserved populations by eliminating barriers to timely cancer prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship in a culturally appropriate and competent manner.
This article clarifies the roles and responsibilities of Entry, Intermediate, and Advanced level cancer patient navigators. The competencies described in this article apply to patient navigators, nurse navigators, and social work navigators.
This article provides a resource for administrators to create job descriptions for navigators with specific levels of expertise and for patient navigators to advance their oncology careers and attain a higher level of expertise.
An Indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐based Organic Dye for P‐type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells and Photoelectrochemical H2O2 Production
Authors: Cai Bin , Wrede Sina , Wang Sicong , Kloo Lars , Boschloo Gerrit , Tian Haining 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEfficient photosensitizers are crucial for advancing solar energy conversion and storage technologies. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel organic dye, denoted as YB6, for p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSCs) and photoelectrochemical H2O2 production. YB6 features an extended conjugated π‐bridge derived from indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and exhibits notable advantages: a two‐fold higher molar extinction coefficient at its main absorption peak and a broader absorption as compared to the PB6 dye. In p‐type dye‐sensitized NiO photoelectrochemical cells, the YB6‐based device demonstrated superior performance as compared to the PB6‐based device. It delivered nearly a 50 % higher H2O2 production over 5 hours. Furthermore, when fabricated into p‐DSCs, the YB6‐based device exhibited a 33 % higher power conversion efficiency. This enhancement is caused by suppressed charge recombination from the dye structure, which in turn may be traced to a larger thermodynamic up‐hill process for recombination losses in the YB6‐based system.
The Lifetime of Hydroxyl Radical in Realistic Fuel Cell Catalyst Layer
Authors: Lv Xue‐Hui , Xu Xia , Zhao Kuang‐Min , Zhou Zhi‐You , Wang Yu‐Cheng , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe lifetime of hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) in the fuel cell catalyst layer remains uncertain, which hampers the comprehension of radical‐induced degradation mechanisms and the development of longevity strategies for proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, we have precisely determined that the lifetime of ⋅OH radicals can extend up to several seconds in realistic fuel cell catalyst layers. This finding reveals that ⋅OH radicals are capable of carrying out long‐range attacks spanning at least a few centimeters during PEMFCs operation. Such insights hold great potential for enhancing our understanding of radical‐mediated fuel cell degradation processes and promoting the development of durable fuel cell devices.
Dual LC parallel multi‐resonant DC‐DC converter with wide output‐voltage range
Authors: Zhao Qinglin , Shi Yuechang , Ding Hao , Yuan Jing 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAlthough LLC converters have widespread applications due to their advantages of high efficiency, high power density, and soft switching, in wide voltage gain range applications, a large switching frequency range is inevitably required, which may bring difficulties in converter design and efficiency improvement. In this paper, a dual LC parallel multi‐resonant converter (MRC) is introduced. The converter contains two parallel LC resonant branches in the resonant tank, which exhibit the notch filter characteristic on the gain curve. It enables the converter to provide wide voltage gain regulation, soft startup, and overcurrent protection over a limited frequency range. Compared to other five‐element MRCs, since the converter provides different current loops for the fundamental wave and the third harmonic to transmit active power, the circulating reactive energy and stress on the resonant components are reduced. Finally, a detailed design procedure for a 3.3 kW converter prototype with an output voltage range of 250–450 V is provided.
Cochlear dysfunction as an early biomarker of cognitive decline in normal hearing and mild hearing loss
Authors: Medel Vicente , Delano Paul H. , Belkhiria Chama , Leiva Alexis , De Gatica Cristina , Vidal Victor , Navarro Carlos F. , Martín Simon San , Martínez Melissa , Gierke Christine , García Ximena , Cerda Mauricio , Vergara Rodrigo , Delgado Carolina , Farías Gonzalo A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAge‐related hearing loss is an important risk factor for cognitive decline. However, audiogram thresholds are not good estimators of dementia risk in subjects with normal hearing or mild hearing loss. Here we propose to use distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) as an objective and sensitive tool to estimate the risk of cognitive decline in older adults with normal hearing or mild hearing loss.METHODSWe assessed neuropsychological, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and auditory analyses on 94 subjects > 64 years of age.RESULTSWe found that cochlear dysfunction, measured by DPOAEs—and not by conventional audiometry—was associated with Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SoB) classification and brain atrophy in the group with mild hearing loss (25 to 40 dB) and normal hearing (<25 dB).DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest that DPOAEs may be a non‐invasive tool for detecting neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in the older adults, potentially allowing for early intervention.
Cognitive dispersion is related to subtle objective daily functioning changes in older adults with and without cognitive impairment
Authors: De Vito Alyssa N. , Ju Catherine H. , Lee Samuel Y. , Cohen Anael Kuperwajs , Trofimova Alexandra D. , Liu Yan , Eichten Alyssa , Hughes Adriana 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarly detection of cognitive and functional decline is difficult given that current tools are insensitive to subtle changes. The present study evaluated whether cognitive dispersion on neuropsychological testing improved prediction of objectively assessed daily functioning using unobtrusive monitoring technologies. Hierarchical linear regression was used to evaluate whether cognitive dispersion added incremental information beyond mean neuropsychological performance in the prediction of objectively assessed IADLs (i.e., computer use, pillbox use, driving) in a sample of 104 community‐dwelling older adults without dementia (Mage = 74.59, 38.5% Female, 90.4% White). Adjusting for age, sex, education, and mean global cognitive performance, cognitive dispersion improved prediction of average daily computer use duration (R2 Δ = 0.100, F Change, p = 0.005), computer use duration variability (R2 Δ = 0.089, F Change p = 0.009), and average daily duration of nighttime driving (R2 Δ = 0.072, F Change p = 0.013). These results suggest cognitive dispersion may improve prediction of objectively assessed functional changes in older adults without dementia.
Mid‐Holocene rainfall seasonality and ENSO dynamics over the south‐western Pacific
Authors: Nava‐Fernandez Cinthya , Braun Tobias , Pederson Chelsea L. , Fox Bethany , Hartland Adam , Kwiecien Ola , Höpker Sebastian N. , Bernasconi Stefano , Jaggi Madalina , Hellstrom John , Gázquez Fernando , French Amanda , Marwan Norbert , Immenhauser Adrian , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation dynamics affect global weather patterns, with regionally diverse hydrological responses posing critical societal challenges. The lack of seasonally resolved hydrological proxy reconstructions beyond the observational era limits our understanding of boundary conditions that drive and/or adjust El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability. Detailed reconstructions of past El Niño–Southern Oscillation dynamics can help modelling efforts, highlight impacts on disparate ecosystems and link to extreme events that affect populations from the tropics to high latitudes. Here, mid‐Holocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation and hydrological changes are reconstructed in the south‐west Pacific using a stalagmite from Niue Island, which represents the period 6.4–5.4 ka BP. Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios, trace elements and greyscale data from a U/Th‐dated and layer counted stalagmite profile are combined to infer changes in local hydrology at sub‐annual to multi‐decadal timescales. Principal component analysis reveals seasonal‐scale hydrological changes expressed as variations in stalagmite growth patterns and geochemical characteristics. Higher levels of host rock‐derived elements (Sr/Ca and U/Ca) and higher δ18O and δ13C values are observed in dark, dense calcite laminae deposited during the dry season, whereas during the wet season, higher concentrations of soil‐derived elements (Zn/Ca and Mn/Ca) and lower δ18O and δ13C values are recorded in pale, porous calcite laminae. The multi‐proxy record from Niue shows seasonal cycles associated with hydrological changes controlled by the positioning and strength of the South Pacific Convergence Zone. Wavelet analysis of the greyscale record reveals that El Niño–Southern Oscillation was continuously active during the mid‐Holocene, with two weaker intervals at 6–5.9 and 5.6–5.5 ka BP. El Niño–Southern Oscillation especially affects dry season rainfall dynamics, with increased cyclone activity that reduces hydrological seasonality during El Niño years.
Temporal dynamics in the composition of bird communities along a gradient of farmland restoration
Authors: Haslem Angie , Clarke Rohan H. , Maisey Alex C. , Stewart Alistair , Radford James Q. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRevegetation plantings are a key activity in farmland restoration and are commonly assumed to support biotic communities that, with time, replicate those of reference habitats. Restoration outcomes, however, can be highly variable and difficult to predict; hence there is value in quantifying restoration success to improve future efforts. We test the expectation that, over time, revegetation will restore bird communities to match those in reference habitats; and assess whether specific planting attributes enhance restoration success. We surveyed birds in 255 sites in south‐east Australia, arranged along a restoration gradient encompassing three habitat types: unrestored farmland (paddocks), revegetation plantings (comprising a chronosequence up to 52 years old) and reference habitats (remnant native vegetation). Surveys were undertaken in 2006/2007 and again in 2019, with data used to compare bird assemblages between habitat types. We also determined whether, in the intervening 12 years, bird communities in revegetation had shifted toward reference habitats on the restoration gradient. Our results showed that each habitat contained a unique bird community and that, over time, assemblages in revegetation diverged away from those in unrestored farmland and converged toward those in reference habitats. Two planting attributes influenced this transition: the bird assemblages of revegetation were more likely to have diverged away from those of unrestored farmland (with scattered mature trees) 12 years later if they were located in areas with more surrounding tree cover, and were mostly ungrazed by livestock (compared with grazed plantings). Our results highlight three key ways in which revegetation contributes to farmland restoration: (1) by supporting richer and more diverse bird assemblages than unrestored farmland, (2) by enhancing beta diversity in rural landscapes through the addition of a unique bird community, and (3) by shifting bird assemblages toward those found in reference habitats over time. However, revegetation plantings did not replicate reference habitats by ~40–50 years in our region, and complete convergence may take centuries. These findings have implications for environmental offset programs and mean that effective conservation in farmland environments depends on the retention and protection of natural and seminatural habitats as a parallel management strategy to complement restoration.
Enhanced dispersal capacity in edge population individuals of a rapidly expanding butterfly
Authors: Dederichs Anaïs , Fischer Klaus , Michalik Peter , Beaulieu Michaël 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNatural range shifts offer the opportunity to study the phenotypic and genetic changes contributing to colonization success. The recent range shift of the Southern small white butterfly (Pieris mannii) from the South to the North of Europe offers a prime example to examine a potential dispersal syndrome in range‐expanding individuals. We compared butterflies from the core and edge populations using a multimodal approach addressing behavioral, physiological, and morphological traits related to dispersal capacity. Relative to individuals from the core range (France), individuals from the edge (Germany) showed a higher capacity and motivation to fly, and a higher flight metabolic rate. They were also smaller, which may enhance their flight maneuverability and help them cope with limited resource availability, thereby increasing their settlement success in novel environments. Altogether, the behavioral, physiological, and morphological differences observed between core and edge populations in P. mannii suggest the existence of a dispersal syndrome in range‐expanding individuals. Whether these differences result from genetic and/or phenotypic responses remains, however, to be determined.
Application of lidar to assess the habitat selection of an endangered small mammal in an estuarine wetland environment
Authors: Hagani Jason S. , Takekawa John Y. , Skalos Shannon M. , Casazza Michael L. , Riley Melissa K. , Estrella Sarah A. , Barthman‐Thompson Laureen M. , Smith Katie R. , Buffington Kevin J. , Thorne Karen M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLight detection and ranging (lidar) has emerged as a valuable tool for examining the fine‐scale characteristics of vegetation. However, lidar is rarely used to examine coastal wetland vegetation or the habitat selection of small mammals. Extensive anthropogenic modification has threatened the endemic species in the estuarine wetlands of the California coast, such as the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris; SMHM). A better understanding of SMHM habitat selection could help managers better protect this species. We assessed the ability of airborne topographic lidar imagery in measuring the vegetation structure of SMHM habitats in a coastal wetland with a narrow range of vegetation heights. We also aimed to better understand the role of vegetation structure in habitat selection at different spatial scales. Habitat selection was modeled from data compiled from 15 small mammal trapping grids collected in the highly urbanized San Francisco Estuary in California, USA. Analyses were conducted at three spatial scales: microhabitat (25 m2), mesohabitat (2025 m2), and macrohabitat (~10,000 m2). A suite of structural covariates was derived from raw lidar data to examine vegetation complexity. We found that adding structural covariates to conventional habitat selection variables significantly improved our models. At the microhabitat scale in managed wetlands, SMHM preferred areas with denser and shorter vegetation and selected for proximity to levees and taller vegetation in tidal wetlands. At the mesohabitat scale, SMHM were associated with a lower percentage of bare ground and with pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica) presence. All covariates were insignificant at the macrohabitat scale. Our results suggest that SMHM preferentially selected microhabitats with access to tidal refugia and mesohabitats with consistent food sources. Our findings showed that lidar can contribute to improving our understanding of habitat selection of wildlife in coastal wetlands and help to guide future conservation of an endangered species.
Quantifying the direct and indirect relationships linking the environment, seagrass, and their associated fauna
Authors: Millot Jade , Grall Jacques , Toumi Chirine , Maguer Marion , Boyé Aurélien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFoundation species such as seagrasses modulate critical ecosystem processes, promote biodiversity, and structure community spatial and temporal dynamics. Hence, they play a key role in mediating the response of biodiversity to environmental changes. The breadth of their contribution to biodiversity maintenance and the potential cascading effects of their alteration remain unclear as we lack a comprehensive understanding of the intricate mechanisms governing their response to environmental changes and that of their associated fauna. Indeed, the mechanisms involved are often studied in isolation or at scales that only provide incomplete representations of the complex functioning of these ecosystems. This study aimed to clarify the direct and indirect relationships linking the environment, seagrass, and their associated faunal assemblages, using structural equation modeling (SEM). To this end, we review the literature to derive theoretical models of the functioning of seagrass ecosystems and test them using long‐term monitoring data covering 14 years of nine different Zostera marina seagrass beds across 500 km of coastline. We show that contradictory relationships and ambiguities regarding seagrass–biodiversity relationships emerge from the currently available literature (covering experimental, observational, and modeling studies). The SEM approach allowed us to clarify these direct and indirect relationships and resolve most ambiguities. In particular, we show that seagrass mediates the effect of the environment on its associated communities. However, this mediating effect is different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, for epifauna and infauna. Unexpectedly, the diversity of benthic macrofauna appeared to be controlled and promoted by the biomass rather than by the shoot density of the seagrass beds. We also provide quantitative estimates for the direct and cascading pathways linking seagrass biodiversity to environmental changes. Overall, by synthesizing, clarifying, and quantifying the multiple relationships linking a foundation species such as seagrass to its environment and associated biodiversity, we contribute to a better understanding of seagrass meadows functioning and help predict the potential consequences of foundation species alteration on their associated fauna.