bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profitability of insect production for T. molitor farms in The Netherlands
Authors: Niyonsaba H.H. , Groeneveld I.L. , Vermeij I. , Höhler J. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. , Meuwissen M.P.M. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Insects are increasingly considered as a relevant alternative protein source in the transition to a more circular economy and more sustainable food production. Understanding the profitability of insect farms is crucial for starting entrepreneurs, established rearers, and third parties. In this study we analysed the revenues and expenses of seven T. molitor farms in the Netherlands, representing approximately a quarter of the total sector. We calculated their gross margin and net present value. Revenues came from the sales of fresh larvae and insect frass, and from extension services. Expenses included investments, and non-allocated and variable expenses. Results cover technical and economic results, and a qualitative description of farm operations. The gross margins and net present values ranged from −180 to 2,030 and from −12,359 to 15,535 EUR/tonne fresh larvae production, respectively. The main determinants of T. molitor farms’ profitability included the sales price of larvae, and its labour and substrate expenses. Our estimates can be used by decision making of farmers, credit providers, and policy makers to support the growth of this still very small, but emerging sector.
Strengthening Relationship between the AO and the Occurrence Frequency of Arctic Daily Warming since the 1980s
Authors: Wang Cen , Ren Baohua , Li Gen , Zheng Jianqiu , Chen Lin , Jiang Linwei 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Recently, the occurrence of Arctic winter daily warming events has attracted substantial attention from the media and scholars alike. Herein, these events are investigated further, particularly in respect of their relation with the Arctic Oscillation (AO). We define a Pacific pattern–Arctic rapid tropospheric daily warming (Pacific-RTDW) event, when the Arctic winter daily warming is triggered by a warm humid air mass that is transported by storms from the North Pacific into the Arctic. An anomalous northwest–southeast dipole pattern at 500-hPa geopotential is identified spanning from the Arctic to the North Pacific and associated with AO. The dipole pattern could favor the occurrence of Pacific-RTDW events because it induces a strong southerly in the middle troposphere, which mid-high-latitude storms may follow into the Arctic. In particular, the correlation between AO and the occurrence frequency of Pacific-RTDW events has strengthened since the early 1980s. This shift is attributed to the intensified Pacific storm-track (PST) activity intensity, which is possibly related to the phase transition of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and has induced stronger synoptic-scale eddy feedbacks to low-frequency flows since this period. Accordingly, stronger feedbacks of the synoptic-scale eddies could provide a favorable condition for the formation of such a dipole pattern associated with the AO, bolstering the connection between AO and Pacific-RTDW events. In contrast, the eddy feedback to the flow is not strong enough and is, therefore, unable to provide favorable conditions before this period due to the comparatively weak PST intensity.

Significance Statement
The Arctic winter daily warming event may lead to more severe cold air outbreaks invading the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. We explored the climatic conditions favorable for the occurrence of Arctic winter daily warming events, thereby revealing that the correlated atmospheric circulation features a northwest–southeast dipole pattern. Additionally, since the early 1980s, the intensified Pacific storm-track activity is believed to have contributed to strengthening of the correlation between the Arctic Oscillation and the occurrence frequency of Arctic winter daily warming events. The findings here are expected to assist in prediction of future Arctic winter daily warming events.
Revisiting the Seasonal Cycle of Rainfall over Central Africa
Authors: Longandjo Georges-Noel T. , Rouault Mathieu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), with its twice-annual passage over central Africa, is considered as the main driver of the rainfall seasonality. In this ITCZ paradigm, high rainfall occurs over regions of large low-level convergence. But recently, this paradigm was challenged over central Africa. Here, we show that a shallow meridional overturning circulation—driven by surface conditions—plays a thermodynamical control on the rainfall seasonality over central Africa. Indeed, due to the local evaporative cooling effect, the foot of the ascending branch of Hadley cells occurs where the temperature is the warmest, indicating a thermal low. This distorts the southern Hadley cell by developing its bottom-heavy structure. As result, both shallow and deep Hadley cells coexist over central Africa year-round. The deep mode is associated with the poleward transport of atmospheric energy at upper levels. The shallow mode is characterized by a shallow meridional circulation, with its moisture transport vanishing and converging in the midtroposphere rather than at lower troposphere. This midtropospheric moisture convergence is also the dominant component that shapes the vertically integrated moisture flux convergence, with little contribution of African easterly jets. This convergence zone thus controls the precipitating convection. Its meridional migration highlights the interhemispheric rainfall contrast over central Africa and outlines the unimodal seasonality. On the other hand, forced by the Congo basin cell, the precipitable water regulates the deep convection from the vegetated surface of Congo basin, acting as a continental sea. This nonlinear mechanism separates the rainfall into three distinct regimes: the moisture-convergence-controlled regime, with convective rainfall exclusively occurring in the rainy season; the local evaporation-controlled regime with drizzle in the dry season; and the precipitable-water-controlled regime, with exponential rainfall increase in the dry season.
Family Atmosphere and Suicidal Ideation in College Students: The Chain Mediation Effect of Attachment and Cognitive Flexibility
Authors: Yang Zhongjing , Pu Rongrong , Zhang Yao , Zhang Yushu , Wu Yan 
Published: December 2023

Numerous studies have extensively examined the risk factors associated with suicidal ideation (SI). Nevertheless, there has been a dearth of research analyzing the potential positive factors, such as attachment and cognitive flexibility, that might contribute to a reduction in SI and facilitate more effective interventions. This study aimed to investigate the chain-mediating effects of attachment and cognitive flexibility on the family atmosphere and SI. Data were collected from 856 (range = 18–28 years old, 240 males) emerging adults who completed the Family Atmosphere Scale, the Relationship Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Scale, and the Self-rated Ideation of Suicide Scale. The findings revealed that the family atmosphere not only exerted a direct influence on SI but also operated through a chain-mediation mechanism involving fearful attachment and cognitive control flexibility. This study concludes that fearful attachment and cognitive control flexibility may mediate the impact of a negative family atmosphere on SI.
Modelling tamping effectiveness for track geometry longitudinal levelling defects
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro , Teixeira Paulo F. 
Published: December 2023

The geometric recovery achieved with tamping is affected by several factors, including maintenance history, ballast condition, type of tamping, age and configuration of track components, operational speeds, and human factors. In this paper, data from 2,819 defects of longitudinal levelling are analysed considering 66,892 km of inspections carried out on 19 lines of the Portuguese railway network over 10 years. The influence of infrastructure clusters, defect level, ballast age, degradation rate before tamping, and the still little-studied shape of defects on geometry recovery is firstly investigated by analysing relationships between the raw data (scatterplots). A multiple linear regression model is then developed to predict the defect level after tamping, taking into account both the defect level before tamping and its shape, which is modelled through a proxy parameter. It is concluded that track sections where there are singularities (underpasses, culverts, level crossings, bridges, tunnels and viaducts) usually have much shorter maintenance cycles (median values up to 60% lower). Ballast age and degradation rate before tamping did not prove to have a marked influence on geometry recovery. Although the defect level before tamping is found to be the factor that most conditions geometry recovery, thus corroborating the critical importance of timely intervention, its shape also proves to have a significant influence, giving rise to differences in geometry recovery of up to 20% of the defect level before tamping.
Glandular Crowdings in Endometrial Polyps: Clinical Follow-Up and Possible Worrisome Features
Authors: Koç Nermin , Ertürk Coşkun Ayşe Deniz 
Published: December 2023

Introduction Interpretation of changes and premalignant lesions in endometrial polyps can be challenging. We evaluated the clinical course of patients with focal gland crowdings in endometrial polyps via repeat biopsies and searched for possible morphological findings in the initial biopsy that may foresee a premalignant course. Methods Specimens diagnosed as endometrial polyp and focal gland crowding in patients who had a repeat biopsy in a 1-year period were reexamined. Morphological findings in the initial biopsies were recorded. The group whose repeat biopsies were “premalignant or malignant” (Group 1), and the group with “benign” repeat biopsies (Group 2) were compared. Results “Endometrial polyp and gland crowdings” was diagnosed in 115 specimens of which 38 patients had repeat biopsies. Among these 8 (21%) were diagnosed as “endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN)” (Group 1) and 30 (79%) as “benign” (Group 2). Morphological features in the initial biopsies were evaluated; PAX2 loss was 6 of 8 (75%) for Group 1 and 7 of 30 (23%) for Group 2 ( P = .020), and altered epithelial cytological features were present in 5 of 8 (62%) versus 4 of 30 (13%) ( P = .015), both significantly higher in Group 1. Dark intraluminal secretion, intraluminal histiocytes, intraglandular epithelial proliferation, and mean diameter of crowded gland areas were not statistically different between the 2 groups. Conclusion “Focal gland crowdings” in endometrial polyps do carry a risk of EIN in subsequent biopsies. We suggest that the loss/decrease of PAX2 and altered epithelial cytological features in these areas in the initial biopsy are indicative of a premalignant course.
Homoeopathic eye drops in the treatment of mild-to-moderate dry eye disease: Randomised, prospective, multicentre, single-masked study
Authors: Mortemousque B. , Pisella PJ. , Salaun N. , Lemaire N. , Chanel I. 
Published: December 2023

Introduction To compare the efficacy and safety of a homeopathic eye drop medicinal product (Homeoptic®) with 0.9% sodium hydrochloride eye drops (Larmabak®) in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eye disease (DED). Methods Prospective, single-masked, observer-blinded, multicentre study on adult patients. Non-inferiority primary endpoint of the relative change between treatment groups in a composite Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score covering five symptoms of DED, namely pain, itching, sensation of dry eye, impression of foreign body presence and burning, after 30 days of treatment. Details of all Adverse Events (AEs) were recorded and analysed. Results Ninety three patients were randomised to each treatment arm. At Day 30, the mean VAS symptom score was 26.0 ± 18.8 in the Homeoptic® group and 32.8 ± 21.2 Larmabak® group. Homeoptic® was demonstrated to be non-inferior to Larmabak®: the mean treatment difference of −7 being below the 10 mm upper limit of the 95% CI ([-12.9; −1.0]) pre-set as significant. The superiority of Homeoptic® over Larmabak® was then established with detection of a significant difference between the two treatment groups (p = 0.022). Significant differences between the treatment groups in favour of Homeoptic® were also detected in isolated VAS scores for the symptoms dry eye sensation ( p = 0.009) and burning ( p = 0.004). Results of ocular surface staining tests to estimate corneal and conjunctival damage as well as patient satisfaction were also significantly in favour of Homeoptic®. No new safety concerns were identified. Conclusion Homeoptic® is more effective than Larmabak® at relieving the symptoms of DED and constitutes an effective treatment for mild-to-moderate DED.
Predictive power of isolated high home systolic blood pressure for cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: KAMOGAWA-HBP study
Authors: Hosomi Yukako , Ushigome Emi , Kitagawa Nobuko , Kitagawa Noriyuki , Tanaka Toru , Hasegawa Goji , Ohnishi Masayoshi , Tsunoda Sei , Ushigome Hidetaka , Nakamura Naoto , Asano Mai , Hamaguchi Masahide , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: December 2023

Aims/Introduction Isolated high home systolic blood pressure (IHHSBP) is a risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no study has shown an association between IHHSBP and CVD in diabetes. We examined the association between IHHSBP and CVD in type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 1082 individuals with type 2 diabetes, aged 20 to 90 years, without a history of macrovascular complications. Home blood pressure (HBP) was measured three times every morning and evening for 14 days. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between IHHSBP and CVD incidence. Results With the normal HBP group as the reference, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for CVD was 1.58 (1.02–2.43) in the IHHSBP group. Correcting for antihypertensive medication use did not change HR. Based on sex, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for CVD was 1.25 (0.74–2.13) in males and 2.28 (1.01–5.15) in females. Conclusions In individuals with type 2 diabetes, those with IHHSBP had a higher HR for cardiovascular disease than those with normal HBP. But, Isolated high home diastolic blood pressure and high HBP were not. The association between IHHSBP and CVD was stronger in females than in males.
Prevalence and Predictors of Subclinical Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in a Health System
Authors: Nagori Aditya , Segar Matthew W. , Keshvani Neil , Patel Lajjaben , Patel Kershaw V. , Chandra Alvin , Willett DuWayne , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is characterized by subclinical abnormalities in cardiac structure/function and is associated with a higher risk of overt heart failure (HF). However, there are limited data on optimal strategies to identify individuals with DbCM in contemporary health systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of DbCM in a health system using existing data from the electronic health record (EHR). Methods: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with available data on HF risk in a single-center EHR were included. The presence of DbCM was defined using different definitions: (1) least restrictive: ≥1 echocardiographic abnormality (left atrial enlargement, left ventricle hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction); (2) intermediate restrictive: ≥2 echocardiographic abnormalities; (3) most restrictive: 3 echocardiographic abnormalities. DbCM prevalence was compared across age, sex, race, and ethnicity-based subgroups, with differences assessed using the chi-squared test. Adjusted logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate significant predictors of DbCM. Results: Among 1921 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of DbCM in the overall cohort was 8.7% and 64.4% in the most and least restrictive definitions, respectively. Across all definitions, older age and Hispanic ethnicity were associated with a higher proportion of DbCM. Females had a higher prevalence than males only in the most restrictive definition. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, higher systolic blood pressure, higher creatinine, and longer QRS duration were associated with a higher risk of DbCM across all definitions. Conclusions: In this single-center, EHR cohort, the prevalence of DbCM varies from 9% to 64%, with a higher prevalence with older age and Hispanic ethnicity.
A cross-sectional assessment of burnout presence among pharmacy professionals at Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Ranabhat Rama , Giri Anil , Sapkota Binaya , Shrestha Rajeev , Shrestha Sunil 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Burnout is a significant concern among healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, as it can lead to adverse effects on their well-being, job satisfaction, and patient care delivery. However, no previous study was conducted among pharmacy professionals in Nepal to assess their burnout cases. This study aimed to evaluate burnout presence and explore its associated factors among pharmacy professionals in Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy professionals of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The validated Burnout Assessment Tool measured burnout across multiple domains. Data on demographic and work-related characteristics were also collected. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data and identify significant associations among the variables. Results: Most participants were in the age group of 21–30 (64.7%), had a graduate degree (47.3%), and worked in hospital pharmacy settings (49.1%). Exhaustion was the most common (39.7%) burnout experienced, while mental distance and emotional and cognitive impairment were reported in one-fourth of the participants. Alternatively, only one in five participants showed secondary symptoms of burnout. Gender, working hours, exercise frequency, and substance abuse were significantly associated with burnout domains. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among pharmacy professionals in Nepal. The findings highlight the significance of addressing burnout in this crucial healthcare sector, with gender, exercise frequency, and substance use emerging as notable contributors. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions and support systems to promote the well-being of pharmacy professionals and ensure the continued delivery of high-quality healthcare services in Nepal.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early termination of ophthalmology clinical trials: A cross-sectional analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov
Authors: Kakkilaya Akash , Hooda Karan , Kalva Praneeth , Dasara Harshith , Janssen Christopher , Vasireddy Satvik , Ahmed Arbab , Khan Salman , Kooner Karanjit 
Published: December 2023

Objective: To study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the early termination of ophthalmology clinical trials. Methods: On June 10, 2022, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov and identified clinical trials pertaining to eye diseases. We included trials last updated between January 1, 2020 and June 8, 2022, as ones possibly impacted by the pandemic. We selected all interventional trials in any stage and country that were “recruiting,” “active, not recruiting,” “enrolling by invitation,” “suspended,” “terminated,” “completed,” or “withdrawn” and excluded trials that had been completed or discontinued before 2020, had incomplete data, trials in which the eye was not the primary focus of the trial (e.g., Chediak-Higashi syndrome, myasthenia gravis). The following trial-level characteristics were collected: location, trial status, enrollment count, ocular condition, sponsors, intervention purpose, trial phase (I–IV), randomization, number of arms, and reasons for discontinuation. In addition to calculating descriptive statistics, we assessed whether trial characteristics differed between ophthalmology clinical trials canceled due to COVID-19 and those canceled for other reasons. Results: Following the screening, 2280/12,679 (18%) ophthalmology clinical trials were retained. Of these, 142 (6.2%) were discontinued between January 1, 2020 and June 8, 2022. Moreover, 34 out of 142 (23.9%) ophthalmology clinical trials were discontinued due to COVID-19. These trials were more likely to be sponsored by academic medical centers (26/34, 76.5% vs 57/108, 52.8%, p = 0.03) and were not assigned to a specific study phase, indicating they were not investigational new drugs (22/34, 64.7% vs 46/108 42.6%, p = 0.003). Conclusions: COVID-19-related trial discontinuations were more likely to be reported by academic medical centers and associated with trials investigating fully approved drugs, medical devices, procedures, diagnostic imaging, and behavioral changes. Further investigation of these characteristics may lead to a more robust and resilient understanding of the causes of early termination of these clinical trials.
Anatomic Assessment of L1-S1 Neuroforaminal Dimensions Using Computed Tomography in 1,000 Patients: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Nguyen Kai , Razzouk Jacob , Brandt Zachary , Carlson Patricia , Vyhmeister Ethan , Bouterse Alex , Wycliffe Nathaniel , Cheng Wayne , Danisa Olumide 
Published: December 2023

Objectives While the radiographic criteria for diagnosing central lumbar stenosis are well described, criteria for diagnosing neuroforaminal stenosis (NFS) are unclear. Prior research has utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize neuroforaminal dimensions (NFDs). However, this approach has inherent limitations that can adversely impact measurement accuracy. Existing literature on the use of computed tomography (CT) to investigate normal NFDs is limited. The purpose of the present study was to describe normal lumbar NFDs that would aid in the establishment of objective quantitative criteria for the diagnosis of NFS. Methods This study evaluated CT imaging of 494 female and 506 male subjects between 18 and 35 years of age to determine normal NFDs, specifically the sagittal anteroposterior width, craniocaudal height, and area. Statistical analyses were performed to assess differences in NFDs according to variables including sex, height, weight, body mass index, and ethnicity. Results Without differentiating between sides or disc levels, mean NFDs were 8.71 mm for sagittal anteroposterior width, 17.73 mm for craniocaudal height, and 133.26 mm2 for area (n = 10,000 measurements each). Male subjects had larger NFDs than females at multiple levels. Asian and Caucasian subjects had larger NFDs than Hispanic and African American subjects at multiple levels. There were no associations between NFDs and anthropometric factors. Conclusions The present study describes normal lumbar NFDs in young, healthy patients. NFDs were influenced by sex and ethnicity but not by anthropometric factors.