bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical correlations between effusive and explosive silicic volcanics in the Saraykent region (Yozgat), central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Gençalioğlu‐Kuşcu Gonca , Floyd Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo main volcanic events are distinguished between Saraykent and Akçakışla in the Yozgat province of central Anatolia: (1) early Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene effusive activity, that produced a sequence of intermediate to felsic ‘basal lavas’; and (2) marginally later Palaeocene explosive activity that formed a series of covering ignimbrite flows. Due to their close temporal and spatial relation, geochemical comparisons were made between the silicic members of the lavas and ignimbrites, to identify chemical groups and their relative petrogenesis.The basal lavas range from calc‐alkaline basaltic andesites to dominant rhyolites. Based on trace element correlations three main geochemical groups were identified: the Akçakışla rhyolites (present as domes); Akçakışla rhyodacites‐dacites (lava flows); and Ozan‐Saraykent rhyolites (lava flows). Large‐ion lithophile elements have been mobile in all the groups, but mainly in the Akçakışla rhyolites. Rare earth element (REE) patterns show marked similarity between the Ozan and Saraykent basal lavas. The Akçakışla dome rhyolites are more fractionated with lower LaN/YbN ratios (c.10), whereas the Akçakışla basal lavas have much higher LaN/YbN ratios (c.30). The chemical coherence and petrographic similarities between the Saraykent and Ozan lavas suggest a single suite related via fractionation.Three geochemical groups were also established for the ignimbrites: Saraykent ignimbrite; Bağlıca ignimbrite‐Toklu‐Kızıldağ crystal tuffs; and Keklikpınar ignimbrite. The ignimbrites, like the basal lavas, display a pronounced depletion in Ba on ORG‐normalized plots. Relative to the basal lavas, chondrite‐normalized patterns for the ignimbrites are different in displaying negative Eu anomalies that indicate feldspar fractionation. The lack of geochemical overlap or coherence between any of the lava and ignimbrite groups suggests that they represent distinct eruptive events and are not related in any simple volcanic development and cogenetic sense.Two geochemical features are common to all the volcanic rock groups: (1) the presence of a Nb‐Ta anomaly, which is generally accepted as a crustal signature; and (2) the relatively low Y abundances which appear characteristic for the region as a whole. These fundamental features of the local silicic volcanism largely reflect source composition and effects. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Types of nursing home residents with self‐destructive behaviours: analysis of the Harmful Behaviours Scale
Authors: Draper Brian , Brodaty Henry , Low Lee‐Fay 
Published: August 2002

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the types of self‐destructive behaviours identified by the Harmful Behaviours Scale (HBS) and the variables associated with them.MethodA cross sectional survey involving 647 residents in 11 nursing homes in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, Australia. The following instruments were used: Harmful Behaviours Scale (HBS); Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale; Functional Assessment Staging Scale; Resident Classification Index; Health of the Nation Outcome Scale; Even Briefer Assessment Scales for Depression; Abbreviated Mental Test Scale; and the suicide item from the Structured Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Diagnosis of dementia was obtained from nursing home records.ResultsLatent class analysis of the HBS identified four groups of residents, described as ‘aggressive resistant’ (34.9%), ‘food refusal’ (26.8%), ‘behaviourally disturbed’ (5.4%) and a ‘non‐symptomatic’ group (33.0%) with little self‐destructive behaviour. The behaviourally disturbed group engages in a widespread combination of direct and indirect self‐destructive behaviours and displays other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. In contrast, the food refusal group whose only behavioural symptom was refusal to eat and drink had the most cognitive impairment and did not show higher levels depression or suicidal ideation.ConclusionsWe have found three groups of residents with self‐destructive behaviours and each group is associated with a different pattern of variables. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile synthesis of 3‐spiroindolines
Authors: Allam Yehia A. , Nawwar Galal A. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCyanoacetyldiazoindol‐2‐one (3), the condensation product of cyanoacetohydrazide with isatin (1), could be cyclized in acidic medium via its CN group and its enolic OH to give cyanomethyloxadiazole‐spiroindoline (4). The presence of the methylcyano side chain could be invested—through oximation, diazotization, or condensation with aldehydes—to form polyfunctional spiroindolines 5, 8–10. Also, a second route for preparing the title compound could be achieved through a nucleophilic attack on position 3 in the isatin derivatives, followed by subsequent ring closure to give 6 and 7. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:207–210, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10020
Phenylhydrazine–borane adduct—characterized in the solid state and in solution
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Giumanini Angelo G. , Gambi Alberto , Verardo Giancarlo , Gilli Gastone , Bertolasi Valerio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe 1:1 phenylhydrazine–borane adduct, obtained from phenylhydrazine and sodium borohydride in acidic solution, was investigated by IR, NMR spectroscopy, and MS spectrometry. Ab initio MO calculations indicated the isomer in which the boron center is attached to the primary amino group as the more stable. This forecast was confirmed by solution‐state 1H, 11B, 13C, and 15N NMR spectroscopy, in agreement with the molecular structure in the solid state determined by X‐ray analysis. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 13:366–372, 2002; Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10049
Solid‐state conformation of the 1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane ring in 2‐dialkylamino‐3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane sulfides
Authors: Kruszynski Rafal , Bartczak Tadeusz J. , Majewski Piotr 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDialkylamino‐3,4‐dimethyl‐5‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane sulfides (where the alkyl is an isopropyl, ethyl or methyl group) was obtained by sulfurization of the respective phospholanes. The structures of these compounds were determined by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Five‐membered rings exist in the envelope conformation in the crystalline state. The planar part of the 1,3,2‐oxazaphospholane rings undergoes twisting with the enlargement of a substituent. The environment of the P atom has the geometry of a distorted tetrahedron. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:146–150, 2001
Synthesis of spiro[3,4‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazole‐5,2′‐1′,2′,3′,4‐tetrahydro‐1′‐naphthalenone]
Authors: Manikandan Santhanaraman , Shanmugasundaram Muthian , Raghunathan Raghavachary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSynthesis of a series of novel spiro[3,4‐diaryl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazole‐5,2′‐1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydro‐1′‐naphthalenone] has been described by the regioselective cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with 2‐arylmethylene‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐1‐naphthalenone. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:463–467, 2001
Can flow cytometrically determined DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction predict regional metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
Authors: Oya Ryoichi , Ikemura Kunio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe value of flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy and S‐phase fraction (SPF) as an indicator of regional metastasis in oral cancer is currently being debated. Intratumoral heterogeneity makes this problem complex.MethodsIntratumoral DNA ploidy heterogeneity and intratumoral SPF variation were examined using multiple specimens from 31 surgically resected specimens taken from patients with oral cancer without preoperative therapy. Flow cytometric analysis of single biopsy specimens from 79 patients with oral cancer was also undertaken to ascertain their value as indicators of regional metastasis.ResultsForty‐five percent (14 of 31) of tumors showed intratumoral ploidy heterogeneity. Intratumoral SPF variation in the 31 tumors ranged from 0.2% to 6.9% (mean, 3.3%). Multivariate analysis showed that a SPF greater than 27% was the most important parameter for predicting regional metastasis.ConclusionsDNA ploidy is heterogeneous within a tumor, whereas SPF is relatively stable and can be correlated with regional metastasis in oral cancer. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The usefulness of cytodiagnosis and DNA cytometry on nasopharyngeal brush smears for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Mao‐huai , Chang Alexander R. , Lo Shik‐yuen 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the usefulness of combining cytodiagnosis and DNA cytometry on nasopharyngeal brush samples for the detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsDNA ploidy analysis was undertaken on 66 nasopharyngeal brush samples that had been previously evaluated cytologically.ResultsCytodiagnosis and ploidy analysis demonstrated a sensitivity of 66% and 55%, respectively. Both techniques had a specificity of 100% for NPC cases that were histologically confirmed. The negative predictive values for cytodiagnosis and ploidy analysis were 29% and 24%, respectively.ConclusionsThe sensitivity and specificity for cytodiagnosis were not improved by the addition of DNA ploidy analysis. Furthermore, combining the two techniques did not confer any significant advantage compared with the use of cytology and DNA ploidy alone. The relatively low negative predictive values are a significant limitation, and combining cytodiagnosis and ploidy analysis on nasopharyngeal brush samples cannot be recommended for the detection of NPC. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 24: 223–227, 2002; DOI 10.1002/hed.10022
The effects of multitasking on quality inspection in advanced manufacturing systems
Authors: Pesante Jose A. , Williges Robert C. , Woldstad Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough the industrial quality inspection task has been extensively studied, the effect of multitasking on the performance of the operator in a hybrid inspection system is still unknown. The experiment described in this article compared the quality inspection performance for participants performing a single task, 3 multiple tasks, and 5 multiple tasks. The results of this research indicate that the performance of the operator in the quality inspection task while multitasking in an advanced manufacturing system will be determined by the interaction between the number of different types of defects that can be presented at the same time in the inspected parts and multitasking. The best performance will be obtained when the load created by additional tasks minimizes the monotony of the quality inspection task without interfering with the processing resources needed for the memorized quality criteria. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Financing indicators for health care decentralization in Latin America: information and suggestions for health planning
Authors: Arredondo Armando , Parada Irene 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article presents the results from an evaluative longitudinal study with before–after design. The main objective was to determine the effects of health care decentralization on changes in health financing. Taking into account feasibility, political and technical criteria, three Latin American countries were selected as study populations: Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru. The methodology had two main phases. In the first phase, the study referred to secondary sources of data and documents to obtain information about the following variables: type of decentralization implemented, source of finance, funds of financing, providers, final use of resources and mechanisms for resource allocation. In the second phase, the study referred to primary data collected in a survey of key personnel from the health sectors of each country. Taking into account the changes implemented in the three countries, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each country in financing and decentralization, a rule for decision‐making is proposed that attempts to identify the main financial changes implemented in each country and the basic indicators that can be used in future years to direct the planning, assessment, adjustment and correction of health financing and decentralization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A study on separation behavior of press‐molded glassware from a thermal engineering viewpoint: Correlation of separation forces to the interface temperature between the mold and the glass
Authors: Wakatsuki Hiroshi , Satoh Isao 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper deals with the separation behavior of a press‐molded glassware from the pressing mold surface. Since the separation of the glass from a mold surface affects the transcription of the glass shape from the mold, it is desirable to control the separation behavior in the practical press‐molding of glassware. The separation or sticking of the glass is mainly influenced by thermal pressing conditions in practical molding. Hence, separation forces during the demolding process between glass and mold were measured under various pressing conditions. The results show that, under certain conditions, the glass sticks on the pressing surface of the mold even after the mold is removed from the pressed glass, and that the separation (sticking) force increases with rising initial temperature of glass and mold, increasing the pressing pressure, and with elongation of pressing duration. In order to interpret the obtained results, the separation forces were correlated to the interface temperature between glass and mold at the end of the pressing process. The correlation shows that the sticking force becomes evident when the interface temperature exceeds a certain temperature. Under the experimental conditions, the threshold temperature was about 660 °C, and was slightly lower than the “softening temperature” of the glass used. From the results, it is concluded that the separation behavior of a press‐molded glassware is dominated by the interface temperature between glass and mold at the end of the pressing process. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(8): 660–675, 2001
Effects of an unsteady thermal boundary condition on forced convection heat transfer
Authors: Momose Kazunari , Kimoto Hideo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA numerical analysis based on adjoint formulation of unsteady forced convection heat transfer is proposed to generally evaluate effects of the thermal boundary condition on the heat transfer characteristics. A numerical solution of the adjoint problem enables us to predict the heat transfer characteristics, such as the total heat transfer rate or the temperature at a specific location, when the thermal boundary conditions change arbitrarily with time. Moreover, using the numerical solution of the adjoint problem, we can obtain the optimal thermal boundary conditions in both time and space to maximize the heat transfer at any arbitrary time. Numerical solutions of the adjoint problem in a lid‐driven cavity are presented to illustrate the capability of the present method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(3): 237–247, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10032
Observations of acetone pool boiling behavior under pulsed laser heating
Authors: Jin Ren‐Xi , Liu Deng‐Ying , Hua Shun‐Fang , Zhang Zheng‐Fang , Zhang Chang‐Mei 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe variations of temperature on the surface of a specimen and acetone pool boiling behavior under pulsed laser heating are observed transiently. The effects of laser parameters and tiny metal grains on the temperature of the specimen's surface for acetone pool boiling are studied. It is seen that the pulse duration is the main factor that affects the temperature curve and vapor bubble behavior. When the pulse duration increases, the growth time of large vapor bubbles and their departure diameters decrease, but the growth velocity changes little. The growth velocity of large vapor bubbles is different from that under normal conditions. The period of isothermal growth was not observed, and the growth velocity rises quickly long after the laser pulse. The process of pool boiling turns vehement when the specimen surface is overlain with tiny metal grains. There are a great number of tiny vapor bubbles continuously generated long after the laser pulse, and the tiny vapor bubble's departure diameter is much less than the value calculated by the classical Fritz formula. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 30(4): 259–266, 2001
Intra‐hemispheric dynamics in infant encoding of coloured facial patterns
Authors: Catherwood Di , Freiberg Kate , Green Vanessa , Holt Chris 
Published: August 2002

AbstractColour and facial configuration are both very salient aspects of the visual environment for infants, but may both be selectively processed by the right hemisphere (RHS) and under some conditions may compete for RHS resources. The present investigation assessed the relative potency of facial configuration and colour in the two halves of the visual field for 32 infants (with a mean age of 24 weeks). The infants were familiarized to triads of facial figures presented for 250 ms in the left or right visual field. The faces were all different in colour and facial pattern (expression), but one of them (the target) was shown in an upright orientation while the others (distractors) were inverted. The results of paired‐comparison recognition tests indicated that the displays had been initially parsed in terms of configurational category (upright faces versus inverted non‐faces) in both visual fields, attesting to the primacy of this categorical distinction in both hemispheres. However, the focus for subsequent encoding reflected marked hemispheric discrepancies, with a left visual field (RHS) bias to target colour (comprising the first evidence of this for infants) and a contrary right visual field [left hemisphere (LHS)] advantage for distractor pattern. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial aggregation of urothelial cell carcinoma
Authors: Aben Katja K.H. , Witjes J. Alfred , Schoenberg Mark P. , Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa Christina , Verbeek André L.M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A.L.M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractUrothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is not considered to be a familial disease. Familial clustering of UCC was described in several case reports, however, some with an extremely early age at onset suggesting a genetic component. Epidemiological studies yielded inconsistent evidence of familial UCC, possibly because of low power and the inability to adjust for strong confounding. In our study the existence of a familial subtype of UCC was evaluated, as well as familial clustering of UCC with other types of cancer. A population‐based family case‐control study was performed including patients newly diagnosed with UCC of the bladder, ureter, renal pelvis or urethra, between January 1995 and December 1997, in the southeastern part of the Netherlands. Information on the patients' first‐degree relatives was collected by postal questionnaire and subsequent telephone calls. The patients' partners filled out a similar questionnaire on their relatives. All reported occurrences of UCC were verified using medical records. Disease occurrence among case‐relatives and control‐relatives was compared to obtain the familial risk. Random effect proportional hazards regression analyses were used to calculate this familial risk while adjusting for age, gender and smoking behavior. In 95 families of the 1,193 patients and in 36 families of the 853 partners at least 1 relative was diagnosed with UCC. This yielded an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3–2.7). An increased risk was also found for cancer of the hematolymphopoietic system (hazard ration = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.1) among case‐relatives. These results indicate that UCC has a familial component with an almost 2‐fold increased risk among first‐degree relatives of patients with UCC, which cannot be explained by smoking. Future segregation analyses may indicate whether this clustering can be attributed to genetic susceptibility. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Market based debt reduction agreements: a case study on Mexican and Polish Brady bonds
Authors: Barbone Luca , Forni Lorenzo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper analyzes some aspects of the workings of the Brady bond (restructured Less Developed Countries debt) market. It concentrates on the effects of the December 1994 Mexican crisis on the risk assessment (as measured by the stripped spread) of Poland, another Brady country. The main findings are: (i) over the sample period, the unit root hypothesis on the risk premium (measured by the stripped spread) of Mexico and Poland cannot be rejected; this is consistent with the idea that the risk premium reflects new information accruing to the market; (ii) comovements in stripped spreads between Mexico and Poland were stronger during the period of the Peso crisis: we do not reject the null of cointegration for the year that includes the crisis (July 1994–July 1995), but we do reject the null for the year starting 6 months after the crisis (July 1995–July 1996); (iii) the crisis has had a strong permanent effect on the risk assessment of Mexico with respect to the one of Poland (550 basis points circa). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constrained total least‐squares computations for high‐resolution image reconstruction with multisensors
Authors: Ng Michael K. , Koo Jaehoon , Bose N. K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMultiple undersampled images of a scene are often obtained by using a charge‐coupled device (CCD) detector array of sensors that are shifted relative to each other by subpixel displacements. This geometry of sensors, where each sensor has a subarray of sensing elements of suitable size, has been popular in the task of attaining spatial resolution enhancement from the acquired low‐resolution degraded images that comprise the set of observations. With the objective of improving the performance of the signal processing algorithms in the presence of the ubiquitous perturbation errors of displacements around the ideal subpixel locations (because of imperfections in fabrication), in addition to noisy observation, the errors‐in‐variables or the total least‐squares method is used in this paper. A regularized constrained total least‐squares (RCTLS) solution to the problem is given, which requires the minimization of a nonconvex and nonlinear cost functional. Simulations indicate that the choice of the regularization parameter influences significantly the quality of the solution. The L‐curve method is used to select the theoretically optimum value of the regularization parameter instead of the unsound but expedient trial‐and‐error approach. The expected superiority of this RCTLS approach over the conventional least‐squares theory‐based algorithm is substantiated by example. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 35–42, 2002
Intensity‐based image matching for regular firearms
Authors: Murthy S.S. , Mazumdar C. , Rao M.S. , Pal A.K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper reports the digitized image matching of intensity‐based signals generated by the POLIVIEW imaging system for regular firearms. The POLIVIEW imaging system transforms nonlinearized models into linearized models by applying a differential matching method. This paper also discusses the performance of the computer program for determining the peaks of the histograms generated and their threshold segmentation for matching. This method can be used to generate corroborative evidence in solving crimes. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 12, 68–72, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10011