bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANT GROWTH OF MALONAN 1 PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) CUTTINGS ON DIFFERENT PLANTING MEDIA COMPOSITION AND COCONUT WATER DOSAGE
Authors: Hamidah Hamidah , Nugrahini Tutik , Marlina  
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different planting medium compositions and concentrations of coconut water on the growth of pepper cuttings. This research was carried out for 3 months, starting from January to April 2020. This research site is in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Widya Gama University, Mahakam Samarinda.
This research method used a randomized block design with 3 x 4 factorial experiments consisting of 3 replications. The first factor is the planting medium (M) which consists of 3 levels, namely: M0 Control (4 kg), M1 Topsoil + Goat Manure (3: 1) and M2 Topsoil + Goat Manure Fertilizer + Husk Charcoal (2: 1: 1) The second factor is Coconut Water which consists of 4 levels, namely: K0 (control), K1 (150 ml / 500 ml water), K2 (250 ml / 500 ml water) K3 (350 ml / 500 ml water).
The variables analyzed were the number of shoots, plant height, and root length. The results of this study indicate that the best planting medium is found in treatment M2 = Topsoil (2 Kg) + goat manure (1 kg) + rice husk (200 g) and the best concentration of coconut water is found in treatment K3 = (350 ml / 500 ml of water) has the best effect on the growth of the pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Malonan 1

Keywords: Malonan 1, Growing Media, Coconut Water
Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Daun Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Diare
Authors: Tandirogang Nataniel , Paramita Swandari , Yasir Yadi , Yuniati Yuniati , Aminyoto Meiliati , Fitriany Evi 
Published: October 2023

Diare hingga kini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia. Pemberian antibiotik merupakan salah satu upaya penatalaksanaan diare, namun belakangan terkendala masalah adanya resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka upaya pencarian sumber antimikroba baru berbasis tumbuhan obat perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji potensi ekstrak daun karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) yang secara tradisional digunakan etnis Dayak sebagai obat diare. Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak tumbuhan diuji terhadap 5 bakteri standar; Escherichia coli ATCC 35128, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931, Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33291, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, dan Enterobacter cloacae ATCC13047. Pengukuran aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) dan pengukuran minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun M. malabathricum dapat menghambat pertumbuhan seluruh bakteri uji, dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 12,3-16 mm dan MIC sebesar 2,3-13,3 mg/ml. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak daun M. malabathricum berpotensi sebagai antidiare berdasarkan aktivitas antimikrobanya.
Early evidence for inclusion of practice of morning ingestion of water as a lifestyle modification (adjuvant) in management of hypertension in patients of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Rathod Chirag , Sheth Anavi , Tailor Poorva , Rana Himanshu , Godbole Varsha , Shah Ashka 
Published: October 2023

Objectives:
Researches reflecting the role of water in blood pressure (BP) regulation are documented to a lesser degree. A holistic approach, combining standard treatment protocols with lifestyle modifications, serves as the best approach to check the increasing prevalence and coexistence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus. Thus, we aim to access the effects of morning ingestion of water on HTN in diabetic individuals when practiced adjuvant with antihypertensive and oral hypoglycemic medications.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort with 68 patients having diabetes mellitus and HTN, with 34 participants each in the study and control group. The control group followed standard treatment protocol for HTN and diabetes mellitus. Study group in adjuvant to above practiced drinking 0.75–1 L of water altogether (within 5–10 min) in the morning immediately after waking up in a sitting (crossed leg or squatting) position. The changes in BP and other biochemical parameters were recorded.

Results:
For the study group (n = 34), repeated measured analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant lowering of systolic BP (SBP): F (2, 66) = 17.17, P ≤ 0.0001 and diastolic BP (DBP): F (2, 66) = 7.31, P = 0.0014. Moreover, post hoc analysis with Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons found that the mean difference was statistically significant for baseline and end of 2 months – SBP: (14 [95% confidence interval, CI 8.23–19.77] mmHg, P < 0.001) and DBP: (6.35 (95% CI 2.22–10.48) mmHg, P < 0.01). The SBP and DBP at baseline versus the end of 2 months were 143.76 (13.40) versus 129.76 (14.27) mmHg and 84.35 (12.01) versus 78 (8.90) mmHg, respectively. In the study group, regression in the stage of HTN was observed where ten of 15 patients and 11 of 19 patients recovered from Stage I and Stage II HTN, respectively. Furthermore, 67.6% of the study group achieved a target BP of <140/90 mmHg at the end of 2 months.

Conclusion:
The practice of morning ingestion of water does affect BP regulation and this practice can be a new potential lifestyle modification adjuvant with standard treatment guidelines for management of HTN in patients of diabetes mellitus.
CREMATION GRAVES IN THE SOUTHWESTERN AND SOUTHERN CRIMEA OF THE ROMAN PERIOD. STATUS UPDATE OF THE ISSUE
Authors: Свиридов А.Н. 
Published: October 2023

Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния изученности кремационных погребений Юго-Западного и Южного Крыма первой половины I тыс. н. э. Первоначально в работе приводятся сведения о дискуссии в научной литературе по вопросам происхождения, этнической интерпретации и хронологии обряда кремации в указанных регионах. Рассматриваются две отчасти противоположные концепции относительно происхождения этого обряда. Первая основывается на миграционной теории появления кремаций не ранее середины III в. и связывается с кругом мигрантов – германских (славянских, с точки зрения некоторых исследователей) племен. В соответствии со второй концепцией, кремационные погребения характерны для местного населения, попавшего под влияние римской традиции из Херсонеса. Далее в статье обсуждаются новейшие открытия кремационных захоронений Юго-Западного и Южного Крыма. Подчеркивается, что новые данные могут уточнить сложившееся представление о характере возникновения этого обряда в регионе. Полученные за последние годы материалы поднимают вопрос о необходимости новой типологии кремационных погребений, уточнения дат и культурно-исторического контекста каждого из типов.
The paper analyzes the current state of knowledge on cremation graves in the southwestern and southern Crimea dating to the first half of the first millennium AD. The paper reports on the discussion concerning the issues of the origin, ethnic interpretation and chronology of the cremation rite in the studied regions. It reviews two partially opposite concepts relating to the origin of this rite. The first concept is based on the mi gration theory according to which cremations did not appear until the middle of the third century and are linked to migrants such as Germanic (Slavic as some researchers believe) populations. The second concept states that cremation graves are characteristic of the local population which was influenced by the Roman tradition from Chersoneses. The paper also provides an overview of the latest discoveries of cremation graves in the southwestern and southern Crimea. It emphasizes that the new data can provide an opportunity to clarify our knowledge on when and how this rite appeared in the region. The data obtained in recent years bring up an issue of a need to have a new typology of cremation graves, clarify the dates and the cultural and historical context of each type of such graves.
THE STUDY OF THE GOLDEN DECORATION ON ORNAMENTS FROM SATAN, KOPA, BOZINGEN, NURKEN, TASHIK, AKIMBEK CEMETERIES (CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN) BY THE RFA METHOD
Authors: Блинов И.А. , Ломан В.Г. 
Published: October 2023

Методом РФА исследован золотой декор медных украшений из могильников центрального Казахстана. Показано, что золото легировали серебром и медью. На основании различия состава золотых изделий сделан вывод, что древние мастера имели доступ к разным источникам сырья. Близость состава золота из разных погребений могильника Сатан указывает на длительное функционирование некоторых источников сырья. Сходство составов золота в могильниках Бозинген и Акимбек, принадлежащих алакульской и федоровской культурам соответственно, объясняется связями между их сообществами. В то же время отмечаемое сходство составов золота из центрального Казахстана и других регионов Евразии демонстрирует, скорее, возможные ошибочные выводы при их сопоставлении.
Gold decoration of copper ornaments obtained from the cemeteries of Central Kazakhstan was studied by the RFA method. It is shown that gold was alloyed with silver and copper. Based on differences in the composition of the gold decorations analyzed, it was concluded that ancient craftsmen had access to various raw material deposits. The similarity of the compositions of gold from different burials in the cemetery of Satan indicates the long-term functioning of some sources of raw materials. The similarity of the gold compositions in the Bosingen and Akimbek burial grounds attributed to the Alakul 266 КСИА. Вып. 271. 2023 г. and Fedorovka cultures respectively, is explained by contacts between the communities that have left these cemeteries. At the same time, the similarity of compositions of gold from Central Kazakhstan and other regions of Eurasia is noted. It implies that rather erroneous conclusions can be drawn from the results of comparing compositions of gold.
N. Ya. MERPERT AND MODERN ISSUES OF STUDYING THE ENEOLITHIC-BRONZE AGE OF THE CIRCUMPONTIC REGION (NEWS FROM THE CONFERENCE)
Authors: Мельник В.И. 
Published: October 2023

C 29 ноября по 1 декабря 2022 г. в Институте археологии РАН была проведена Всероссийская конференция с международным участием «Энеолит и бронзовый век циркумпонтийского региона: культурные процессы и взаимодействия (к 100-летию со дня рождения Н. Я. Мерперта)». Тематически основные блоки докладов были связаны с освещением деятельности и научного творчества Н. Я. Мерперта, с археологическими исследованиями на территории Ближнего Востока и Балкан, а также других территорий циркумпонтийского региона. Здесь обсуждались вопросы хронологии, выделения культурных групп, реконструкции технологий и хозяйственной деятельности, комплексного археологического исследования, смысловой интерпретации изучаемых объектов эпохи энеолита-бронзы.
The All-Russian Conference with international participation on ‘the Eneolithic and the Bronze Age of the Circumpontic region: cultural processes and interaction’ (on the centenary of the birth of N. Ya. Merpert) was held in the Institute of Archaeology, RAS, in November 29 – December 1, 2022. Thematical papers presented at the conference sessions focused on the activity and scientific work of N. Ya. Merpert, archaeological excavations in the Middle East and the Balkans as well as other areаs of the Circumpontic region. The conference participants discussed issues relating to chronology, identification of cultural groups, reconstruction of technology and economic activity, comprehensive archaeological studies, conceptual interpretation of the studied objects from the Eneo lithic – Bronze Age period.
Критический разбор методики расчета индекса качества городской среды
Authors: Ростислав К.В. 
Published: October 2023

На индексе качества городской среды завязано достижение национальной цели России до 2030 г., освоение бюджетных средств в рамках федерального проекта «Формирование комфортной городской среды». Однако методика расчета этого индекса делает невозможным осмысленное сравнение городов и их состояния в разные годы, так как баллы, получаемые за разные индикаторы, оцениваются лишь по 1-му и 3-му квартилю значений индикатора в один год и в одной группе городов не всегда ясного состава. В итоге усложняется интерпретация динамики индекса, становятся допустимыми случаи, когда за лучшее возможное значение индикатора никто не может получить наибольший балл, а за худшее – наименьший. Без устранения изъянов методики невозможно оценить достижение целевых показателей национального проекта, как и эффективность расходования бюджетных средств.
Академик П.А. Минакир – дело и время
Authors: Аганбегян А.Г. , Крюков В.А. 
Published: October 2023

В августе этого года ушел из жизни наш уважаемый коллега, соратник и единомышленник Павел Александрович Минакир (02.12.1947–03.08.2023) – крупнейший специалист по проблемам пространственного развития, глубокий знаток экономики и социальных процессов, происходящих на Дальнем Востоке. Павел Александрович длительное время возглавлял Институт экономических исследований Дальневосточного отделения РАН, а также на протяжении ряда лет был главным редактором журнала «Пространственная экономика», близкого нам по духу и по подходу к анализу и рассмотрению проблем российской экономики и ее регионов. Тематическая подборка настоящего номера «ЭКО», раскрывающая современное состояние и перспективы социально-экономического развития этого макрорегиона, подготовлена ведущими сотрудниками данного института. Мы считаем, что продолжение дела жизни Павла Александровича будет лучшей формой уважения к его памяти.
Membangun Masa Depan Melalui Manajemen Keuangan Pendidikan yang Efektif
Authors: Aslindah Andi , Mulawarman Widyatmike Gede 
Published: October 2023

Tujuan Tulisan ini menyajikan tentang pentingnya membangun masa depan dalam mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas melalui penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang efektif. Salah satu standar untuk meningkatkan Pendidikan yang efektif di Indonesia adalah standar pembiayaan. Kemampuan pembiayaan merupakan salah satu faktor kunci keberhasilan praktik-praktik penyelenggaraan pendidikan di sekolah. Dalam konteks ini keuangan merupakan sumber dana yang sangat diperlukan sekolah sebagai alat untuk melengkapi berbagai sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran di sekolah, meningkatkan kesejahteraan guru, layanan dan pelaksanaan program supervisi. Metodologi atau Pendekatan - yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menelaah dan/atau mengekplorasi beberapa Jurnal, buku, dan dokumen-dokumen (baik yang berbentuk cetak maupun elektronik) serta sumber-sumber data dan atau informasi lainnya yang dianggap relevan dengan kajian.Temuan dalam kajian ini adalah manajemen keuangan pendidikan dapat dimaknai sebagai suatu aktivitas yang mengatur keuangan sekolah melalui fungsi-fungsi manajemen mulai dari perencanaan, pembukuan, penggunaan keuangan atau pembelanjaan, pencatatan, pengawasan serta pertanggungjawaban yang diharapkan akan tercipta tata kelola keuangan sekolah yang efektif dan efisien dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Untuk itu dalam pelaksanaanya, kepala sekolah, bendahara dan staf dituntut untuk senantiasa berpegang teguh pada prinsip-prinsip manajemen keuangan yakni: (1) transparan, (2) akuntabilitas, (3) efektif (4) efisien.
Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Research on its Impact and Organizational Implications
Authors: Siagian Mauli 
Published: October 2023

The present study offers a thorough bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature pertaining to the subject of "Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management". The objective of this study is to examine the influence of transformational leadership within the context of human resource management (HRM) and its consequences for organizations. By employing a bibliometric methodology, a comprehensive dataset comprising peer-reviewed articles, conference papers, and other scholarly publications was compiled through data collection from diverse academic databases. The analysis elucidates the trends and patterns observed in the research, encompassing aspects such as the frequency of publications, growth patterns, and the extent of collaboration among authors and institutions. The study focused on the identification and comprehensive analysis of key themes and sub-topics pertaining to the concept of transformational leadership within the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). Moreover, the present study examines the spatial distribution of scholarly research and underscores the areas that have made the most noteworthy contributions. The results of this study illustrate the escalating fascination with transformational leadership in the field of human resource management (HRM) over time, suggesting its expanding significance in the realm of organizational leadership methodologies. This study investigates the effects of transformational leadership on different human resource management (HRM) functions, including employee motivation, job satisfaction, and performance. It aims to provide insights into the beneficial impact of transformational leadership on organizational outcomes.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership; Human Resource Management; Organizational Implications
MITIGASI RISIKO RANTAI PASOK TEMPE KEDELAI DI WILAYAH BOGOR, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Sari Wiranti Suwarti , Mulyati Heti , Fahma Farah 
Published: October 2023

<p>Tempe adalah produk pangan asli Indonesia dengan kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi dan harga yang terjangkau. Jumlah konsumsi dan permintaan tempe diperkirakan akan terus bertambah seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan gaya hidup sehat di masyarakat. Namun demikian, rantai pasok tempe masih menghadapi cukup banyak permasalahan baik yang berasal dari faktor internal maupun eksternal, khususnya di wilayah Bogor. Studi ini bertujuan merumuskan tindakan mitigasi untuk menghindari atau mengurangi dampak risiko kritis yang telah teridentifikasi. Dalam menentukan mitigasi risiko rantai pasok, metode <em>Analytical Hierarchy Process </em>(AHP) digunakan. Hasil analisis AHP menunjukkan bahwa mitigasi risiko rantai pasok tempe kedelai di wilayah Bogor diprioritaskan untuk menjamin ketersediaan pasokan dan kestabilan harga kedelai bagi para pengrajin, sehingga penambahan sumber pasokan kedelai impor maupun pemanfaatan kedelai lokal perlu dilakukan. Selain itu, penerapan kebijakan pengaturan harga kedelai dan peningkatan peran asosiasi pengrajin tempe-tahu menjadi mitigasi risiko dalam jangka pendek. Sedangkan, peningkatan kerjasama dengan berbagai pihak dan produksi kedelai lokal menjadi mitigasi risiko jangka menengah dan panjang.</p>
VERIFIKASI METODE DETEKSI PORCINE BERDASARKAN SNI ISO/TS 20224-3: 2020 PADA MATRIKS GELATIN
Authors: Dewantoro Auraga , Safarrida Anna , Rahmasari Dianti , Nuraeni Umi , Susmiarni Rika Dwi , Damacena Rosalin , Amin Muhammad Malhan 
Published: October 2023

<p>Kebutuhan gelatin untuk memenuhi bahan baku pada produk pangan, farmasi, dan kesehatan terus meningkat. Namun, tingginya impor gelatin yang didominasi membuat kekhawatiran terkait status kehalalan produk gelatin. Salah satu metode deteksi <em>porcine </em>secara molekuler adalah teknik amplifikasi DNA menggunakan <em>qPCR </em>(<em>quantitative polymerase chain reaction</em>). Badan Standardisasi Nasional (BSN) telah mengadopsi salah satu metode potensial terkait deteksi molekuler identifikasi <em>porcine </em>(babi), yaitu SNI ISO/TS 20224-3:2020 dengan lingkup spesies <em>Sus sucrofa </em>dan <em>Sus sucrofa domesticus.</em> Penggunaan metode tersebut belum teridentifikasi untuk penggunaan pada sampel gelatin, sehingga kebutuhan verifikasi metode SNI ISO/TS 20224-3:2020 diperlukan sebagai metode acuan yang terstandar dalam deteksi <em>porcine</em>. Penelitian ini berhasil memverifikasi metode SNI ISO/TS 20224-3:2020 pada sampel gelatin berat 200mg. Kurva amplifikasi <em>real time PCR </em>menggunakan primer spesifik babi menunjukkan bahwa matriks standar gelatin babi teramplifikasi dengan nilai Cq rata-rata 34.56±0.53, dan sampel daging babi teramplifikasi dengan nilai Cq sebesar 18.79±0.28, sedangkan kontrol negatif (daging sapi) tidak menunjukkan kurva amplifikasi. Korelasi data konsentrasi DNA matriks standar gelatin babi, daging babi, dan daging sapi dengan data hasil amplifikasi <em>real time </em>PCR, menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar konsentrasi DNA maka semakin kecil nilai Cq. Sebaliknya, semakin kecil konsentrasi DNA maka semakin besar nilai Cq.Dengan demikian, kandungan DNA porcine semakin tinggi dengan semakin rendahnya nilai Cq.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
ARAM MANUKYAN’IN RUS ERMENİ BASININDA YER ALAN 1916 TARİHLİ BİR RÖPORTAJI ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
Authors: DOĞAN Şahin 
Published: October 2023

Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın başlamasından kısa bir süre sonra Kafkas cephesinde vuku bulan Ermeni olaylarının başta Kafkasya cephesi olmak üzere genel olarak Osmanlı’nın askerî operasyonları üzerinde olumsuz etkileri oldu. Bu olaylar içerisinde en önemli gelişmelerden biri Ermenilerin 1915 yılında Van’da çıkardıkları isyandı. Bu isyanın çıkmasını ve neticede Van’ın ele geçirilerek Ruslara teslim edilmesini sağlayan Taşnak mensubu Aram Manukyan’dı. Aram Manukyan, 19 Mart 1879’da Yelizavetpol Guberniyası’nın Zengezur kazasına bağlı Zeyva köyünde doğmuş, Osmanlı ile bağı olmayan Karabağlı bir Ermeniydi. Rus idaresindeki Kafkas bölgesinde işlediği suçlar nedeniyle ceza alınca Osmanlı topraklarına sığındı. Aram, Osmanlı topraklarına gelip burada Ermeni isyanlarının hazırlığını yapan en önemli Taşnaksutun mensuplarından biri oldu. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Van isyanının başına geçti ve Van şehrini Ruslara teslim etti. Ruslar kendisini Van valisi tayin etti. Ancak Van’ın tekrar Türklerin eline geçmesiyle Rusya tarafına geçmek zorunda kaldı. Aram Manukyan daha sonra Ermenistan’ın kurulmasında da önemli görevler üstlendi.
Aram Manukyan söz konusu dönemde Ermeni olaylarının gelişiminde çok önemli roller oynamış ve bizzat olayların içinde yer almış bir kişi olarak önem arz etmektedir. Bu makalede söz konusu Aram Manukyan’ın Petrograd’da yapılmış ve 1916 yılı Kasım ayında Armyane i Voyna dergisinde yayınlanmış bir röportajı çerçevesinde İttihat terakki ile görüşmeler, Ermeni meselesi, Van isyanı ve o günlerden bakınca Ermenilerin geleceği gibi konulara ilişkin görüşleri değerlendirilmiştir.
AVRASYA BOZKIR GÖÇEBELERİNDE ASKERİ YAPI
Authors: AKCAN Ayten 
Published: October 2023

Eski Çağ döneminden bugüne kadar olan süreç düşünüldüğünde Avrasya bozkırlarında yaşayan göçebe toplumların neredeyse hepsinin militarist bir yapıya sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Macaristan’dan Kuzey Çin’e kadar olan bu coğrafyanın bozkırlarında var olan göçebe toplulukların askeri yapılanmalarında, savaş stratejilerinde aynı zamanda askeri sanat anlayışlarında ve kullandıkları silahlarda dikkati çekecek benzerliklerin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Zira özellikle bu bölgede tüm askeri yenilikler oldukça hızlı bir şekilde bölgeye yayılır ve aynı hızla uygulama sahasına getirilirdi. Çünkü bu coğrafyada geç kalmak ya da yavaşlamak er geç yenilgiye uğramakla karşılık bulurdu. Elbette temel noktalarda birleşen askeri yapının bazı yerlerde farklılıklar oluşturduğu da görülmektedir. Fakat bu farklılıkların esas sebebi, o bölgede yaşayan halkların etno-kültürel özelliklerinden ve bu bölge yakınlarında var olan yerleşik düşmanların askeri ve politik teşkilat yapılarına göre şekil alma durumdan kaynaklanmaktadır.
Eski Çağ, Orta Çağ ve çağdaş tarih araştırmacılarının birçoğu bozkırdaki göçebelerin; yaşayışlarını, dünyayı nasıl algıladıklarını, özellikle savaş taktiklerini, yaptıkları savaşları yani askeri yapılanmalarını araştırmışlar ve bu konuya büyük ilgi göstermişlerdir. Fakat bu konular araştırılırken sorulması gereken birkaç sorunun cevabı hakkında yeteri sayıda çalışmanın yapılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Özellikle daha detaylı incelenmesi gereken konulardan biri, Avrasya’da var olan göçebelerin -bilhassa Türk göçebelerin- yetersiz kaynak, az sayı da insan gücü ve sınırlı finansal güç ile yüzyıllardır neden bu kadar güçlü olduklarıdır. Cevabın önemli bir kısmı kanaatimce, Avrasya bozkırlarında yaşayan halkların ve burada oluşturulan askeri yapının Dünya askeri tarihinde nerede durduğunun tam olarak anlaşılmasında yatmaktadır.