bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin,
Kidney Injury Molecular-1, and Angiotensinogen for the Early Diagnosis
and Mortality Prediction of Septic Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Xuelian , Wan Peng , Yu Min , Min Jinyi 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most severe complications of
sepsis. This study was conducted to analyze the role of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated
lipocalin (uNGAL), urinary kidney injury molecular-1 (uKIM-1), and urinary angiotensinogen
(uAGT) in the early diagnosis and mortality prediction of septic AKI.

Methods:
The prospective study enrolled 80 sepsis patients in the ICU and 100 healthy individuals
and divided patients into an AKI group and a non-AKI group. uNGAL, uKIM-1, uAGT, serum
creatinine/procalcitonin/C-reaction protein, and other indicators were determined, and clinical
prediction scores were recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of uNGAL, uKIM-1, and
uAGT in diagnosis and mortality prediction were analyzed by the receiver operator characteristic
(ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC).

Results:
uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were higher in sepsis patients than healthy controls,
higher in AKI patients than non-AKI patients, and higher in AKI-2 and AKI-3 patients
than AKI-1 patients. At 0 h after admission, the combined efficacy of three indicators in septic
AKI diagnosis (ROC-AUC: 0.770; sensitivity: 82.5%; specificity: 70.0%) was better than a single
indicator. At 24 h, uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were higher in sepsis non-survivals
than survivals and higher in septic AKI non-survivals than septic AKI survivals. The combined
efficacy of three indicators in the prediction of sepsis/septic AKI mortality (ROC-AUC:
0.828/0.847; sensitivity: 71.4%/100.0%; specificity: 82.7%/66.7%) was better than a single indicator.

Conclusion:
uNGAL, uKIM-1, and uAGT levels were increased in septic AKI, and their combination
helped the early diagnosis and mortality prediction.
Bioinformatics Insights on the Physicochemical Properties of Hepatitis Virus Envelope Glycoproteins
Authors: Polanco Carlos , Huberman Alberto , Uversky Vladimir N. , Hernández-Lemus E Enrique , Martínez-Garcia Mireya , Castro Martha Rios , Hernández Claudia Pimentel , Buhse Thomas , Vargas-Alarcon Gilberto , Gomez Francisco J. Roldan , Oliva Erika Jeannette López 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Globally, hepatitis B and C infect 400 million people, more than 10 times
the number of people living with HIV. In 2019, it was estimated that 1.1 million people died as a
result of the disease (PAHO/WHO, January 2023).

Objective:
This study aimed to conduct a computational analysis of the proteins that express the hepatitis virus envelope glycoproteins in order to gain insight into their function.

Methods:
Different computational tools were used to calculate the Polarity Index Method 2.0v (PIM
2.0v) profile (previously titled Polarity Index Method profile) and the Protein Intrinsic Disorder Predisposition (PIDP) analyzed for each sequence, in addition to computational tools that made it possible to revise these proteins at the genetic level.

Results:
Both the PIM 2.0v profile and the PIDP profile of various hepatitis B and C virus envelope
glycoproteins were able to reproduce the structural and morphological similarities that they had previously. The presence of certain patterns in each of these profiles made this accomplishment feasible.

Conclusion:
Computational programs could reproduce characteristic PIM 2.0v profiles of the hepatitis B and C virus envelope glycoproteins. This information is useful for a better understanding of this
emerging virus.
Management of Cancer using Photodynamic Therapy: Advancement and
Applications
Authors: Yadav Deepika , Sharma Pramod , Mishra Prem , Malviya Rishabha 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
Photosensitizers (PS) are effective in treating a wide range of tumours using the timetested
technique of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Light has been employed for centuries as a curative
modality due to its efficacy. Since the effects of using certain dyes in conjunction with light irradiation
were first proven around the turn of the 20th century, new PDT methods have been created. Current
research focuses mostly on methods to lessen or eliminate unwanted side effects and enhance the
drug's pharmacokinetic qualities. The FDA's decision to approve PDT as the first drug/device combo
is not surprising, given the widespread curiosity and volume of published material on the subject. In
PDT, light energy is combined with a PS to destroy tumour cells after its activation by light. In comparison
to chemotherapy and/or radiation treatment, PDT often has fewer adverse effects and is safer.
Several different PSs may be used to diagnose tumours, in addition to their therapeutic use. Photodynamic
diagnostics (PDD) is the term used to describe methods like these. In this review, we present a
high-level introduction to the diagnostic and therapeutic uses of PDT in cancer. The need of developing
predictors to determine the response to therapy will be explored in relation to the assessment of
PDT therapeutic effectiveness in the clinic. The use of PDT to treat different tumours will also be
shown through case studies. The potential of combining PDT with other forms of treatment, such as
chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and immunotherapy, to increase efficacy against tumours will also
be highlighted. Results from PDT alone may not be as good as those from PDT combined with other
therapies. It's also possible that lower dosages used in combination therapy will have fewer adverse
effects and provide better outcomes than each individual treatment would. It is possible that the therapeutic
uses of PDT might be broadened by a greater knowledge of the efficacy of PDT in a combination
context in the clinic, as well as the optimisation of such complicated multimodal therapies.
Length of Survival, Outcome, and Potential Predictors in Poor-Grade
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients Treated with
Microsurgical Clipping
Authors: Lambrianou Xanthoula , Tzerefos Christos , Arvaniti Christina , Tasiou Anastasia , Fountas Kostas N. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has been associated
with severe morbidity and high mortality. It has been demonstrated that early intervention is of
paramount importance. The aim of our study is to evaluate the functional outcome and the overall
survival of early microsurgically treated patients.

Material and Methods:
Poor-grade aSAH patients admitted at our institution over fifteen years (January
2008 - December 2022) were included in our retrospective study. All participants underwent
brain Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Fisher scale was used to assess the severity of
hemorrhage. All our study participants underwent microsurgical clipping, and their functional outcome
was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). We used logistic regression analysis to
identify any parameters associated with a favorable outcome at 12 months. Cox proportional hazard
analysis was also performed, identifying factors affecting the length of survival.

Results:
Our study included 39 patients with a mean age of 54 years. Thirty of our participants
(76.9%) were Hunt and Hess grade V, while the vast majority (94.9%) were Fisher grade 4. The observed
six-month mortality rate was 48.6%. The mean follow-up time was 18.6 months. The functional
outcome at six months was favorable in 6 patients (16.2%), increased to 23.5% at 12 months.
Our data analysis showed that the age, as well as the employment of temporary clipping during surgery,
affected the overall outcome.

Conclusion:
Management of poor-grade aSAH patients has been dramatically changed. Microsurgical
clipping provides promising results in carefully selected younger patients.
Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency Type-13 with Perinatal Presentation: A Case Report
Authors: Reigada Sílvia , Santos Constança , Ramos Fabiana , Carvalho Sílvia , Ribeiro Joana , Cancelinha Candida , Diogo Luísa 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Polynucleotide phosphorylase is involved in RNA processing in mitochondria.
Biallelic variants in PNPT1 cause mitochondrial RNA import protein deficiency and
heterogeneous clinical manifestations.

Case Report:
The patiest was the first child of remote consanguineous parents, born at 35
weeks by caesarean section due to fetal growth restriction. Apgar index was 9/10/10. Birth
weight, length and head circumference were at 3rd, <3rd and 10th percentiles, respectively. In
the first hours of life, respiratory distress, hypoglycaemia and seizures ensued. She started invasive
mechanic ventilation, phenobarbital and was transferred to ICU. Physical examination
showed minor facial dysmorphisms, brief eye-opening, hypotonia and hyporeflexia. Electroencephalogram
showed immature pattern and multifocal paroxysmal activity. MRI at D8 of life
showed severe reduced brain volume. Normal aminoacid screen was also observed. Expanded
newborn screening was negative. Mitochondrial organic aciduria was seen. WES showed a homozygotic
likely pathogenic variant in the PNPT1 gene. MRI at 6-months showed brain atrophy,
thin corpus callosum, reduced brainstem volume. Bilateral and symmetrical lesions in globi
pallidi, compatible with Leigh síndrome were observed. Currently, at 14 months, no neurodevelopment
progress, dystonia, visual deficit, sensorineural deafness, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
and microcephaly are observed.

Conclusion:
The early and severe Leigh-like presentation of our patient expands the phenotype
spectrum of this disease. As far as we know, this is the first reported case of PNPT1 mutation
with onset in the perinatal period. Moreover, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has not yet been described
in association with mutation of the PNPT1 gene. WES was the key for early diagnosis in
this patient. It should be done in all children with severe clinical presentation of unknown
origin.
An Empirical and Deep Learning Investigation of Working Conditions and
Musculoskeletal Outcomes in Wheat Farmers
Authors: Charan Bairwa Ram , Lal Meena Makkhan , Sharan Dangayach Govind , Jain Rahul , Kumar Jindal Manish 
Published: October 2023

Background:
In developing countries, various farming activities are performed manually
with the help of traditional hand tools. Therefore, agriculture is recognized as one of the risky
occupations

Objective:
This research study aims to identify the critical working conditions of wheat farmers in
Rajasthan state, India.

Method:
Data were collected through the survey conducted on 75 randomly selected wheat farmers
of Rajasthan. The survey questionnaire gathered information related to demographic, occupational,
and musculoskeletal discomfort faced by the farmers. In addition, a deep learning-based
posture detection study of the workers was performed to assess the postural risks through a rapid
upper limb assessment score.

Result:
The collected data were analyzed further for fruitful insights. The survey outcomes
showed that awkward posture (41%) and repetitive movement (35%) were the most reported reasons
for the severe risks of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers. The posture evaluationbased
study outcomes showed that approximately 51% of subjects lie in the action category 4,
which shows the higher level of risks in the activities performed by farmers.

Conclusion:
It is suggested to apply the principles of physical ergonomics in the agriculture sector
and spread awareness among the farmers about the agriculture risks associated with farming
activities.
Review of Patent Preparation of Medical Tracheal Stents
Authors: Bao Yudong , Wang Siyuan , Zhan Yang 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The trachea is an important part of the respiratory system, which is tubular.
The upper part of the trachea connects to the throat, and its lower left and right branches lead
to the lungs. The foreign body, compression of organs, and destruction of the tracheal ring can
cause trachea stenosis. Mild tracheal stenosis can cause difficulty breathing, while severe tracheal
stenosis can lead to death from respiratory failure, seriously endangering patients' quality of life.
Tracheal stents are a prosthesis that addresses tracheal lumen obstruction or stenosis and maintains
the diameter and patency of the lumen structure by providing internal support in resistance to
external pressure to relieve patients' symptoms.

Objective:
This paper reviews the preparation methods of tracheal stents with various structures
and similar vascular stents in recent years, looks for the deficiencies of existing preparation methods
of tracheal stents, and finds new preparation methods to solve the functional defects of existing
tracheal stents.

Methods:
Review the preparation patents of tracheal and vascular stents in recent years, and then
analyze their advantages and disadvantages to find the improvement ideas of current tracheal
stents to provide a direction for the future development of tracheal stent preparation technology.

Results:
Through the analysis and discussion of the existing technology, the existing problems
and the future development direction of the tracheal stent preparation technology are found.

Conclusion:
A complete set of stent preparation technology for children should be designed for
smaller stents, focusing on developing better-performance composite materials, and the new preparation
technology should focus on the composite of various existing preparation technologies. In
the future, we should pay attention to developing the preparation technology for tissue engineering
stents.
A Review on Sustainability Improvements in 3D Printing Materials
Authors: Du Jiaye , Chi Yuanying , Gao Kaiye , Peng Rui 
Published: October 2023

Background:
As the ecological environment deteriorates, manufacturing and construction, as major industries that consume energy and cause environmental degradation, urgently need
a new technology that is more efficient and sustainable. 3D printing has become a suitable choice
for the manufacturing and construction industries to solve sustainability problems and environmental pollution problems due to its lower material consumption and no need for templates.

Objective:
Through the analysis of the research status of sustainable improvement of 3D printing
materials, scattered research is reviewed, valuable conclusions are extracted from representative
studies, and future research directions are predicted.

Methods:
Researches on sustainable improvement of 3D printing materials are compared and
summarized, sustainable materials that can be used to replace existing materials are described, and
the performance changes of samples after material improvement are summarized.

Results:
By tracking the impact of the substitution of various sustainable materials on the sample,
the main problems in the current study are analyzed, including the degradation of sample performance and increased cost. On the premise of solving the above problems, the sustainable improvement of 3D printing materials in the future is prospected.

Conclusion:
Improving the sustainability of 3D printing materials can help improve the environmental benefits of 3D printing. Therefore, this article has compared and summarized previous
studies, described the available sustainable materials, and summarized the impact of various types
of material substitution on samples. Considering the shortcomings of existing research, a more
comprehensive evaluation of sample performance, specific quantitative assessment of environmental benefits, and expansion of indicators for evaluating environmental benefits are the key research directions in the future.
Dual Role of Pregnane X Receptor in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Xu Yuan , An Ziming , Wang Shufei , Ni Yiming , Zhou Mingmei , Feng Qin , Gou Xiaojun , Xu Meiling , Qi Ying 
Published: October 2023

Abstract:
The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising worldwide in parallel with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD
refers to a spectrum of liver abnormalities with a variable course, ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH), eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Pregnane X receptor (PXR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily,
plays a prominent part in the regulation of endogenous metabolic genes in NAFLD. Recent studies have suggested that PXR has therapeutic
potential for NAFLD, yet the relationship between PXR and NAFLD remains controversial. In this review, PXR is proposed to play a dual role in
the development and progression of NAFLD. Its activation will aggravate steatosis of the liver, reduce inflammatory response, and prevent liver
fibrosis. In addition, the interactions between PXR, substance metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver
were elucidated. Due to limited therapeutic options, a better understanding of the contribution of PXR to the pathogenesis of NAFLD should
facilitate the design of innovative drugs targeting NAFLD.
Maprotiline Prompts an Antitumour Effect by Inhibiting PD-L1 Expression in
Mice with Melanoma
Authors: Liang Lirui , Li Yang , Jiao Yang , Zhang Chunjing , Shao Mingguang , Jiang Hanyu , Wu Zunge , Chen Haoqi , Guo Jiaming , Jia Huijie , Zhao Tiesuo 
Published: October 2023

Background::
Research has revealed that the expression of PD-L1 is significantly upregulated in tumour cells and that the binding of programmed cell death
protein 1 (PD-1) to programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibits the response of T cells, thereby suppressing tumour immunity. Therefore,
blocking PD-L1/PD-1 signalling has become an important target in clinical immunotherapy. Some old drugs, namely, non-anticancer drugs, have
also been found to have antitumour effects, and maprotiline is one of them. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant that has been widely used to
treat depression. However, it has not yet been reported whether maprotiline can exert an antitumour effect on melanoma.

Objective::
This study aimed to investigate the antitumour efficacy of maprotiline in mice with melanoma.

Methods::
In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish a tumour-bearing animal model. After treatment with maprotiline, the survival rate of
mice was recorded daily. The expression of relevant proteins was detected by Western blotting, the proportion of immune cells was detected by
flow cytometry, and the infiltration of immune cells in tumour tissue was detected by immunofluorescence staining.

Results::
Maprotiline was found to inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16 cells while increasing cell apoptosis. Importantly, treatment with
maprotiline decreased the expression of PD-L1 and increased the proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and NK cells in the spleen. It also
increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumour tissue.

Conclusion::
Our research findings suggest that maprotiline enhances the antitumour immune response in mouse melanoma by inhibiting PD-L1 expression.
This study may discover a new PD-L1 inhibitor, providing a novel therapeutic option for the clinical treatment of tumours.
An Efficient Image Captioning Method Based on Beam Search
Authors: Jaiswal Tarun , Pandey Manju , Tripathi Priyanka 
Published: October 2023

Background:
An image captioning system is a crucial component in the domains of
computer vision and natural language processing. Deep neural networks have been an increasingly
popular tool for the generation of descriptive captions for photos in recent years.

Objective:
On the other hand, these models frequently have the issue of providing captions that
are unoriginal and repetitious. Beam search is a well-known search technique that is utilized for
the purpose of producing descriptions for images in an effective and productive manner.

Method:
The algorithm keeps track of a set of partial captions and expands them iteratively by
choosing the probable next word throughout each step until a complete caption is generated. The
set of partial captions, also known as the beam, is updated at each step based on the predicted
probabilities of the next words. This research paper presents an image caption generation system
based on beam search. In order to encode the image data and generate captions, the system is
trained on a deep neural network architecture.

Results:
This architecture brings together the benefits of CNN with RNN. After that, the beam
search method is executed in order to provide the completed captions, resulting in a more diverse
and descriptive set of captions compared to traditional greedy decoding approaches. The experimental
outcomes indicate that the suggested system beats existing image caption generation techniques
in terms of the precision and variety of the generated captions.

Conclusion:
This demonstrates the effectiveness of beam search in enhancing the efficiency of
image caption generation systems.
The Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their
Secretome on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ataei Atefe , Azizi Majid , Hajisadeghi Samira , Madani Mojan , Khorami Mozhgan , Hassantash Sahar , Saeidpour Masouleh Sahand , Barati Ghasem 
Published: October 2023

:
Oral cancers are prevalent in the human population, particularly in
unindustrialized countries. In 90 % of oral cancers, the tumors arise from squamous
cells, which is called oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Despite new treatment
strategies, the morbidity and mortality rates are still high. Current treatment options
including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are not effective in the treatment of
the tumor. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered one of the
leading strategies in cancer treatment. However, the field of MSC therapy in OSCC is
immature and ongoing studies are being conducted in experimental and pre-clinical
studies. Here, we reviewed these studies to figure out whether the use of MSCs could
be worthwhile in OSCC therapy or not. Both native and engineered MSCs as well as
their secretome have been used in the treatment of OSCC. It seems that genetically
modified MSCs or their secretome could inhibit the tumorigenesis of OSCC. However,
further pre-clinical studies are required to come to a conclusion.