bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Third Harmonic on Zero Line Heating Influence Based on COMSOL
Authors: Li Rui , Zhao Yu , Nie Yunliang , Zhong Chen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the study of zero-line heating fire hazard caused by the third harmonic, the harmonic content in a high harmonic incidence place is measured, and an indoor physical experiment platform is built as well. Based on the experimental platform, the third harmonic heating experiment on zero lines is carried out with different wire diameters. The heating pattern of zero lines under different working conditions is obtained, which could provide a certain experimental basis for electrical fire prevention in public places. Based on the COMSOL multi-physical field coupling simulation software, the third harmonic heating model of zero line is established, and the curve of temperature distribution gradient and zero line temperature is obtained. The comparison between simulation results and experimental results verifies the accuracy of the simulation model. It provides a theoretical method for a reasonable selection of zero-line diameter, arrangement of zero line layout, and prevention of electrical fire.
A Gate Drive Circuit for Dual N-type H-bridge Power Transistors
Authors: Shu Zhixiang , Fan Jiaqi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A new grid driver of a high-side N-type switch tube is designed, which is easy to integrate. The circuit has the characteristics of low cost and fast speed and solves the problem of the unstable output voltage of a high-side switch tube when a low-side switch tube is not working in a traditional bootstrap circuit. The power supply voltage of the circuit is 30 V, including the voltage bias module, a high-level voltage shift circuit module, and a charge pump module. It can meet the driving requirements of a large size and high-side N-type switch tube. In this study, the 0.18 μm MGN process was used for design and simulation. The simulation results show that the grid driver has good driving ability.
A Reference Voltage Circuit Applied in High Precision Delta-Sigma ADC
Authors: Duan Ying , Wang Xiaocha , Duan Quanzhen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A novel reference voltage circuit design which is applied in high-precision Delta-Sigma ADC is implemented. The proposed reference circuit exploits a high-gain class-AB OTA as the error amplifier, which improves the transient response characteristics, ensures loop stability, and does not increase additional power consumption. The design and simulation of the proposed reference voltage circuit are fabricated by SMIC.18 CMOS technology. The simulation results manifest that the temperature coefficient of the bandgap reference is 6.825 ppm/°C in the temperature range from -40°C to 125°C. The transient response of the proposed reference circuit takes about 13 ns to reach the precision demanded by the reference voltage. The Σ-Δ modulator with the designed reference voltage circuit applied has an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 18.1 bits, a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of 111.2 dB, and a signal-to-noise-plus-distortion (SNDR) of 110.9 dB at 1MHz sampling frequency and 625 Hz input signal.
An Optimization Scheme and Circuit for Driving a Stepper Motor with the Index Control Mode
Authors: Lin Yujun , Huang Shengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An optimized control scheme for driving a stepper motor with the index control mode is proposed and analyzed in this paper to control the stepper motor more accurately and effectively. Based on the built-in five-digit digital-to-analog signal converter (DAC), six stepper motor operating modes, namely 1/32 micro steps, 1/16 micro steps, 1/8 micro steps, 1/4 step, 1/2 step, and full step, can be selected. Only four control ports are required for switching of operating mode and motor steering. The simulation results show the optimized circuit can output accurate current signals to control the stepper motor.
A MOSFET subdivision, MOSFET-only subthreshold voltage and current reference for LDO applications
Authors: Yu Gang , Duan Quanzhen , Zhou Baozeng , Huang Shengming 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper proposes a MOSFET-only voltage and current reference circuit, which can simultaneously provide a 2 V reference voltage and 300 nA reference current. This design is mainly used in a low-power Low-Dropout Regulator (LDO) project, after simulation verification, which works well in LDO applications. The circuit is performed by SMIC.18 CMOS technology and simulation with the Cadence platform, with different threshold voltage MOSFET circuit design. The whole circuit works in the subthreshold area, and the overall circuit consists of the start-up circuit, the current reference circuit, the voltage reference circuit, the MOSFET subdivision circuit, and the current mirror output circuit. The circuit has the characteristics of high precision and low power consumption, with a layout size of only 0.015 mm2. Under a temperature range of -30 to 70 °C and a power voltage of 3.3 V, the simulation and post-simulation temperature coefficients (TC) of the circuit are 5.4 ppm/°C and 19.4 ppm/°C, respectively. The post-simulation output reference voltage at room temperature is 2.0008 V, and the working power voltage within the circuit error range is 3.2 V to 3.4 V. Excluding the current mirror output circuit part of the Current-Quiescent (IQ) being 530 nA, the power consumption is 1.75 μW when the supply voltage is 3.3 V, and the design goal is reached.
Life Prediction of TMR Current Sensor under Accelerated Degradation Test
Authors: Long Zhaozhi , Li Wenting , Liu Shaobo , Liu Yi , Yang Ning , Miao Yunxin , Jiang Xiping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sensors are an important component of smart grids. This paper proposes an accelerated degradation test plan for magnetoresistive sensors and establishes a life prediction model based on performance degradation trajectories. Firstly, the structure and working principle of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) current sensor are explained, and the performance degradation parameter is selected. Secondly, the Arrhenius model and basic concepts of accelerated degradation testing are introduced. Then, taking a certain model of the TMR current sensor as an example, the experiment is designed and the platform is constructed to obtain the performance degradation trajectory, and thus the life prediction is carried out.
Protection for AC transmission line between DFIG wind farm and MMC station
Authors: Yang Wei , Mei Xueao , Sun Bin , Liu Liqun , Lai Youfu , Yan Zhao , Chen Songwei , Han Lulu , Zuo Danni 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The characteristics of power electronic controlled sources are reflected at both ends of the AC line applied to the integration of long-distance wind farms into the MMC-HVDC converter station, and the fault characteristics of the system have undergone fundamental changes. For the doubly-fed wind power AC transmission line with a modular multilevel converter, the short-circuit current characteristics provided by the power supply at both ends of the line lead to the inadaptability of longitudinal differential protection. In view of the significant difference in the complexity of the short-circuit current component provided by the doubly-fed wind power and the converter at both ends of the AC transmission line, a line pilot protection idea based on the complexity of the current component is proposed. The complexity of the current component is characterized by singular entropy theory, and then the singular entropy algorithm and its scheme for pilot protection are constructed. A refined electromagnetic transient model of MMC-HVDC for doubly-fed wind farms is built in PSCAD for simulation verification. The simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly and reliably identify various types of internal and external faults, and solve the problem of incorrect action of traditional protection in this scenario. In addition, the scheme is not affected by fault type, location, or transition resistance.
The Improved Coordinated Control Method of Islanding and Grid-Connected Operations for DC Microgrids
Authors: Li Mingyue , Fang Wei , Kang Guohang 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The DC microgrid plays an essential role in realizing smart power supply systems for the DC loads. It combines various distributed generations and transmits the power to the loads or the utility grid through the DC bus. It attaches great importance to energy management because of the load and photovoltaic power fluctuations. This paper proposes an improved coordinated control based on the characteristics of various distributed generations and utility grids. The proposed method can realize the stabilization of bus voltage when the system switches between multiple operating modes in grid-connected and island mode due to the change of energy. Compared with the present ways, the proposed method provides a further optimization on the design of charging for energy storage units in the grid-connected mode and the current sharing with the backup storage units in the islanded mode which is conducted by SoC balancing droop control. Finally, the DC microgrid simulation platform is built to verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Communication performance optimization of coal mine goaf LoRa AD hoc network sensor system based on tree topology
Authors: Yang Ning 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Real-time accurate monitoring of goaf gas, temperature, and other parameters is of key significance for the prevention and control of spontaneous coal combustion in the goaf. In this paper, a tree network and communication protocol for LoRa technology are proposed to solve the problems of small communication coverage and short endurance of the traditional goaf wireless monitoring system. In this paper, a geometric topology structure is designed for wireless sensor nodes to find relay nodes through the path loss model, and an energy-saving optimization algorithm routing scheme is designed. In addition, LoRa AD hoc network experiment platform and upper computer system are developed and designed. Through numerical analysis and experimental results in coal mines, it is proved that the proposed method significantly reduces the energy consumption of the whole network. The coverage radius is increased by 300% compared with the traditional star wireless sensor system, which makes the endurance time and communication quality have higher reliability.
A Resource Optimization for Two-Step Random Access in 5G New Radio
Authors: Liu Jichao , Zhao Xu , Wang Yubo , Liu Hao , Zhang Yubing , Wang Xin , Gan Jie , Li Dejian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a resource optimization method for the 2-step random access (RA) procedure in the 5th generation new radio (5G NR). In 2-step RA, the MsgA includes a sequence as a preamble on the physical random access channel (PRACH) and uplink payload on the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The mapping between PRACH slots and PUSCH slots is specified by system configuration parameters. The network reserves the corresponding PUSCH resource fixedly, regardless of the random access occasion (RO) occupancy rate and the uplink data traffic request. It deprives the uplink scheduling resource efficiency in cases of some RO unoccupied. To achieve higher utilization efficiency, this paper studies the reusing of the PUSCH slots and occasions fixed to RACH in MsgA. By detecting the preambles in RO before the corresponding PUSCH slots, the network acquires the occupancy of the RO. Then the PUSCH occasion (PO) in reserved PUSCH can be released, which conforms to the RO detection result. The release of the previously reserved PUSCH occasions can be rescheduled and reused by the user equipment (UE) for uplink data transmission. Hence more wireless resources can be scheduled in contrast to the existing allocation of uplink share channel in 2-step type random access. It suggests that using the method improves the efficiency of resource utilization.
Air-Ground Cooperative Access Algorithm for UAV-assisted Wireless Networks in Transmission Lines
Authors: Tu Chao , Zhao Kai , Tu Weizheng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
To reduce the energy consumption of wireless network communication in the transmission line scenario and improve the service life of the network, this paper proposes an air-ground cooperative access algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the communication energy consumption of the base station serving transmission line nodes. Firstly, the user rate contribution weight provided by the air-ground base station is optimized, and then the air-ground coordinated power allocation is realized according to the optimal weight. The simulation results show that the proposed air-ground cooperative access algorithm achieves a reduction in energy consumption of over 50% compared to the traditional single base station access method.
Design of a High PSRR Low-pressure Bandgap Reference Source with Curvature Compensation
Authors: Liu Junchao , Wang Xiaocha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Based on the NUVOTON 0.35 μm BCD process, a low voltage bandgap reference with an input voltage of 5 V and output voltage of 0.6 V is designed in this paper. The traditional low-voltage bandgap reference output voltage has a large temperature coefficient and poor ability to suppress power supply fluctuations. In this paper, a circuit with high order compensation is proposed to reduce the temperature coefficient of the circuit, and a pre-regulated circuit is used to increase the power supply rejection ratio. The simulation results are at -30 °C∼130 °C. The output voltage of reference voltage is 947.5 μV, the temperature coefficient is 9.58 ppm/°C, and the power suppression ratio is -104.62 dB, which meets the design requirements of the power management chip.
Anti-interference Technology of Multi-type Data Acquisition and Transmission Based on HPLC
Authors: Shi Zhan , Li Bo , Deng Xiaozhi , Yang Zhihua , Wang Xiuzhu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With the development of the social economy, electricity consumption increases rapidly. A large amount of real-time electricity consumption data plays an important role in analyzing the power grid business. Monitoring power consumption performance through electricity consumption data is also an important indicator to improve power grid performance. By analyzing the characteristics of HPLC channels, such as capacitance characteristics, frequency loss characteristics, signal-to-noise ratio characteristics, line icing, and noise interference, the critical values of data transmission distortion caused by the characteristics of each channel were summarized. On this basis, it is concluded that suitable filters and amplifiers should be selected to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the transmission quality of HPLC signals. Therefore, an anti-interference technology for data transmission based on HPLC is proposed. Finally, the application advantages and existing problems of HPLC technology in three-stream integration data acquisition and transmission are further explored.
Symmetries of the squeeze-driven Kerr oscillator
Authors: Iachello Francesco , Cortiñas Rodrigo G , Pérez-Bernal Francisco , Santos Lea F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We study the symmetries of the static effective Hamiltonian of a driven superconducting nonlinear oscillator, the so-called squeeze-driven Kerr Hamiltonian, and discover a remarkable quasi-spin symmetry su(2) at integer values of the ratio

η
=
Δ

/

K

of the detuning parameter Δ to the Kerr coefficient K. We investigate the stability of this newly discovered symmetry to high-order perturbations arising from the static effective expansion of the driven Hamiltonian. Our finding may find applications in the generation and stabilization of states useful for quantum computing. Finally, we discuss other Hamiltonians with similar properties and within reach of current technologies.
On a diffusion which stochastically restarts from moving random spatial positions: a non-renewal framework
Authors: da Silva Telles Timóteo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We consider a diffusive particle that at random times, exponentially distributed with parameter β, stops its motion and restarts from a moving random position Y(t) in space. The position X(t) of the particle and the restarts do not affect the dynamics of Y(t), so our framework constitutes in a non-renewal one. We exhibit the feasibility to build a rigorous general theory in this setup from the analysis of sample paths. To prove the stochastic process X(t) has a non-equilibrium steady-state, assumptions related to the confinement of Y(t) have to be imposed. In addition we design a detailed example where the random restart positions are provided by the paradigmatic Evans and Majumdar’s diffusion with stochastic resettings (Evans M and Majumdar S 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett.
106 160601), with resetting rate β

Y
. We show the ergodic property for the main process and for the stochastic process of jumps performed by the particle. A striking feature emerges from the examination of the jumps, since their negative covariance can be minimized with respect to both rates β and β

Y
, independently. Moreover we discuss the theoretical consequences that this non-renewal model entails for the analytical study of the mean first-passage time (FPT) and mean cost up to FPT.
Electrical impedance tomography for pulmonary function monitoring without dorsal electrodes
Authors: Park Hyoungchul , Kwon Hyeuknam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive technology that can visualize conductivity changes inside human body in real time using multiple surface electrodes. For convenience of wearing and application, if no electrodes are attached to the back, a commonly used image reconstruction approach produces poor images of dorsal region. In this study, we developed a special current injection and voltage measurement pattern to well reconstruct the conductivity distribution inside the body even in the absence of dorsal electrodes. The proposed method has proven through numerical and phantom experiments.
Liquid biofuel powering the sustainable transport with a low-carbon emission: a review
Authors: Tao Junyu , Chen Chao , Wang Jian , Li Jian , Zhou Shengquan , Chen Chen , Yan Beibei , Guo Wei , Cheng Zhanjun , Chen Guanyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Energy consumption from transport has been increasing at a fast rate and become a major sector, which takes 29% of total global energy demand. Since transport energy consumption primarily relies on fossil fuels, it has resulted in serious carbon emissions and environmental degradation. Moreover, the volatility prices of fossil fuel and unstable international security have attracted keen interest for many developing and industrialized countries looking for sustainable and clean alternatives. Liquid biofuels, including but not limited to bioethanol, biodiesel, bio-jet fuel, are considered as the most promising alternative and more expansive role in powering sustainable transport, for its carbon neutral and low-emissions properties. Liquid biofuels contribute 4% of transport in 2020 and have been foreseen to continuously grow. Liquid biofuels can be produced by diverse technologies and commercialized in various ways, easy-adapt to technical and policy challenges. Major challenges include technical bottleneck, initial and operational cost, byproduct treatment, and associated environmental concern. This paper critically reviews: (1) Categories and production of different liquid biofuels; (2) Application scenarios of liquid biofuels; (3) Environmental impact assessment of liquid biofuels; (4) Opportunities and challenges of liquid biofuels; (5) Future perspectives. Each type of liquid biofuel requires specific production processes and has a strong correlation with biomass raw materials. Liquid biofuels find extensive applications in transportation, aviation, and other functional domains. In addition, the life cycle assessment of liquid biofuels is carried out from the numerous aspects of raw materials, pretreatment, production process, and application. Furthermore, this study analyzes the related policies, highlighting the challenges associated with the unstable supply of clean energy, raw materials, and quality control. Finally, the future perspectives of liquid biofuels were presented. This comprehensive review aims to provide a systematic understanding of liquid biofuels, covering their production and applications from multiple perspectives, while offering insights into future developments.
Structural, morphological, optical and biomedical applications of Berberis aristata mediated ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Sharma Deepak , Chauhan Ankush , Verma Ritesh , kumari Swati , Thakur Pankaj , Mahajan Ambrish K , Kumar Vinod , Sharma Mamta 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Herein, we prepared the zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using Berberis aristata plant extract as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of pure hexagonal wurtzite structure for both the samples with P4mm space group. The crystallite size reduces from 21.313 nm to 18.179 nm with the Scherrer technique with doping of Ag ions on ZnO NPs, while the Williamson Hall (WH) approach likewise demonstrates a decrease in crystallite size from 26.602 nm to 21.522 nm. The lattice strain increases from 0.0031 to 0.0064, indicating the presence of Ag-ions in the crystal lattice of ZnO NPs. For both samples, the metal-oxygen bond formation is supported by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. For ZnO, the peak in the UV-visible spectrum is approximately around 365 nm, but for Ag-ZnO, two peaks are observed around 235 nm and 360 nm. With the Ag doping, the bandgap increases from 3.01 eV to 3.02 eV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs show the formation of crystalline particles and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) pictures show the formation of aggregated NPs with a spherical shape. Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrate the chemical purity of both the samples. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was highest against Staphylococcus aureus i.e., 15 ± 0.53 mm, whereas, for Ag-ZnO NPs the highest activity was against Salmonella typhi i.e., 19 ± 0.53 mm.
Next-generation phenotyping: introducing phecodeX for enhanced discovery research in medical phenomics
Authors: Shuey Megan M , Stead William W , Aka Ida , Barnado April L , Bastarache Julie A , Brokamp Elly , Campbell Meredith , Carroll Robert J , Goldstein Jeffrey A , Lewis Adam , Malow Beth A , Mosley Jonathan D , Osterman Travis , Padovani-Claudio Dolly A , Ramirez Andrea , Roden Dan M , Schuler Bryce A , Siew Edward , Sucre Jennifer , Thomsen Isaac , Tinker Rory J , Van Driest Sara , Walsh Colin , Warner Jeremy L , Wells Quinn S , Wheless Lee , Bastarache Lisa 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Phecodes are widely used and easily adapted phenotypes based on International Classification of Diseases codes. The current version of phecodes (v1.2) was designed primarily to study common/complex diseases diagnosed in adults; however, there are numerous limitations in the codes and their structure.

Results
Here, we present phecodeX, an expanded version of phecodes with a revised structure and 1,761 new codes. PhecodeX adds granularity to phenotypes in key disease domains that are under-represented in the current phecode structure—including infectious disease, pregnancy, congenital anomalies, and neonatology—and is a more robust representation of the medical phenome for global use in discovery research.

Availability and implementation
phecodeX is available at https://github.com/PheWAS/phecodeX.