bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediator caused induction of a human bradykinin B1 receptor minigene: Participation of c‐Jun in the process
Authors: Yang Xionghu , Taylor Linda , Yu Jun , Fenton Matthew J. , Polgar Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe bradykinin B1 receptor (BKB1R) gene is expressed in selected tissues such as lung and kidney. In these tissues it is expressed at a very low level until induced by inflammatory mediators. Our aim has been to understand the mechanism of this regulatory process. A human BKB1R minigene was constructed. It contained a 1.8 kb promoter, the entire exon I, 1.5 kb of intron I, the entire exon II and intron II, and the luciferase gene as a reporter. Transient transfection of the minigene into SV40‐transformed IMR90 cells (IMRSV) resulted in a promoter activity which was activated by the mediators, lipopolysaccharide and (LPS) desArg10‐kallidin. In contrast, these mediators did not induce the activity of the 1.8 kb promoter construct alone. Thus, motifs exclusive of the promoter such as 5′‐UTR and/or intron regions are required for mediator‐induced expression of this gene. Promoter activities of both the minigene and the 1.8 kb promoter construct were enhanced in a dose‐dependent manner upon cotransfection with c‐Jun. Furthermore, cotransfecting c‐Jun with the minigene achieved the maximal promoter activity with no further increase in response to mediators. Conversely, the induction of the minigene promoter activity by mediators was abolished upon cotransfection with a dominant negative mutant of c‐Jun. Other experiments suggest that multiple AP‐1 sites are interactive with the c‐Jun upregulation of this gene. Taken together, these results point to c‐Jun as a key intermediary in the activation of the expression of this gene by mediators. However, participation of motifs outside of the promoter are necessary to obtain this inducible expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 163–170, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Heat shock factor‐4 (HSF‐4a) is a repressor of HSF‐1 mediated transcription*
Authors: Zhang Yan , Frejtag Wojciech , Dai Rujuan , Mivechi Nahid F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHeat shock transcription factors (HSFs) regulate the expression of heat shock proteins and other molecular chaperones that are involved in cellular processes from higher order assembly to protein degradation and apoptosis. Among the human HSFs, HSF‐4 is expressed as at least two splice variants. One isoform (HSF‐4b) possesses a transcriptional activation domain, but this region is absent in the other isoform (HSF‐4a). We have recently shown that the HSF‐4a isoform represses basal transcription from heterologous promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that HSF‐4a and HSF‐4b have dramatically different effects on HSF‐1‐containing nuclear bodies, which form after heat shock. While the expression of HSF‐4b colocalizes with nuclear granules, the expression of HSF‐4a prevents their formation. In addition, there is a concurrent reduction of HSF‐1 in the nucleus, and there is reduction in its DNA binding activity and in HSE‐dependent transcription of a reporter gene. To better understand the mechanism by which HSF‐4a represses transcription, we inducibly expressed HSF‐4a in cells and found that HSF‐4a binds to the heat shock element (HSE) during attenuation of the heat shock response. Thus HSF‐4a is an active repressor of HSF‐1‐mediated transcription. This repressor function makes the HSF‐4a isoform unique within the HSF family. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 692–703, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High dose of dexamethasone upregulates TCR/CD3‐induced calcium response independent of TCR ζ chain expression in human T lymphocytes*
Authors: Nambiar Madhusoodana P. , Enyedy Edith J. , Fisher Carolyn U. , Warke Vishal G. , Tsokos George C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGlucocorticoids are very potent anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that modulate cellular immune responses, although, the molecular mechanisms that impart their complex effects have not been completely defined. We have previously demonstrated that dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid, biphasically modulates the expression of TCR (T cell receptor) ζ chain in human T cells. At 10 nM, it induced the expression of TCR ζ chain whereas at 100 nM, it inhibited its expression. In parallel to the upregulation of TCR ζ chain, the TCR/CD3‐mediated [Ca2+]i response was enhanced in 10 nM Dex‐treated cells. However, at 100 nM, Dex treatment enhanced TCR/CD3‐mediated [Ca2+]i response without the induction of TCR ζ chain expression. Because the classical transcriptional model of glucocorticoid action cannot account for the effects of high dose of Dex, here we studied alternative mechanisms of action. We show that, increased and more sustained TCR/CD3‐mediated [Ca2+]i response was also observed in 100 nM Dex‐treated cells in the presence of actinomycin D or cycloheximide suggesting that cellular transcription and/or de novo protein synthesis are not required for the induction. The TCR/CD3‐mediated hyper [Ca2+]i response in 100 nM Dex‐treated cells was readily reversible by short‐term culture in steroid‐free medium. RU‐486, a competitive antagonist of Dex, inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i response suggesting that the effect of Dex is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptor. Although the lipid‐raft association of the TCR ζ chain was not significantly increased, high‐dose of Dex increased the amount of ubiquitinated form of the TCR ζ chain in the cell membrane along with increased levels of actin. Fluorescence microscopy showed that high‐dose of Dex alters the distribution of the TCR ζ chain and form more distinct clusters upon TCR/CD3 stimulation. These results suggest that high dose of Dex perturbs the membrane distribution of TCR ζ chain leading to more functional signaling clusters that result in increased TCR/CD3‐mediated [Ca2+]i response independent of TCR ζ chain expression. J. Cell. Biochem. 83: 401–413, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ab initioconformational studies on diols and binary diol‐water systems using DFT methods. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding and 1:1 complex formation with water
Authors: Klein Roger A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractStudies on the conformational equilibrium for the following diols, ethane‐1,2‐diol (12EG, CAS 107‐21‐1), 2R‐D‐(−)‐propane‐1,2‐diol (12PG, CAS 4254‐14‐2), (2S,3S)‐L‐(+)‐butane‐2,3‐diol (L23BD, CAS 19132‐06‐0), and (2S,3R)‐meso‐butane‐2,3‐diol (m23BD, CAS 5341‐95‐7), are described using Gaussianab initiocalculations involving density functional theory (DFT) methods. We also report in this article results on the stability and conformation for the 1:1 water‐diol complex formed by ethane‐1,2‐diol, propane‐1,2‐diol, and L‐ andmeso‐butane‐2,3‐diol. The relative stability of the intramolecular (internal) hydrogen bond in a range of diols (n= 2 to 6), based onab initiogeometry optimization and determination of the O…H distance,dOH, and OH…O angle, θ, increases through the sequence 1,2 ≈ 2,3 < 1,3 < 1,4 ≈ 1,5 ≈ 1,6, as judged from the bond linearity and O…H separation. Quantum mechanical and topological analysis of possible intramolecular hydrogen bonding in this complete series of diols provides convincing evidence for this in diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by three or more carbon atoms, that is, in (n,n+m) diols form≥ 2, but not for ethane‐1,2‐diol or other vicinal diols, which do not satisfy Popelier's topological and electron density criteria based on the AIM theory of Bader. Based on these criteria it is unlikely that vicinal diols are in fact capable of forming an intramolecular hydrogen bond, in spite of geometric and spectroscopic data in the literature suggesting otherwise. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 585–599, 2002
Simulated pain on the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised
Authors: McGuire Brian E. , Shores E. Arthur 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study investigated whether a pain clinical sample and pain simulators could be distinguished by their responses on the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R). Fifty patients with a pain condition completed the SCL‐90‐R under normal instructions while 20 students responded under instructions to feign a pain disorder to obtain compensation but to attempt to avoid detection. Pain patients obtained generalized elevations, with the highest scores on Depression, Obsessive‐Compulsive, and Somatization. The simulators exceeded the pain group on all clinical scales of the SCL‐90‐R, tending to greatly overestimate the degree of psychological distress in pain patients. Simulators had extreme elevations and were more likely to obtain a T score greater than 70 on each of the clinical scales. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive power values, and optimal diagnostic cutoff scores for the clinical scales are reported. The recommended Positive Symptom Total (PST) cutoff score for “faking bad” in the SCL manual had poor specificity. The SCL‐90‐R warrants further study as an aid to identifying pain simulation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1589–1596, 2001.
Forgiveness and romantic relationships in college: Can it heal the wounded heart?
Authors: Rye Mark S. , Pargament Kenneth I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of two versions of a six‐week group forgiveness intervention for college women who had been wronged in a romantic relationship. Participants (N = 58) were randomly assigned to a secular, religiously integrated, or no‐intervention comparison condition. Participants completed a variety of forgiveness and mental health measures at one‐week pretest, one‐week posttest, and six‐week follow‐up. Participants in both intervention conditions improved significantly more than did those in the comparison condition on two measures of forgiveness and a measure of existential well‐being. Program effects were maintained at six‐week follow‐up. Contrary to hypotheses, there were no differential treatment effects when comparing participants in the secular and the religiously integrated conditions. Participants generally rated the programs favorably. Forgiveness strategies utilized by participants also were examined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 419–441, 2002.
Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Osman Augustine , Hoffman Joseph , Barrios Francisco X. , Kopper Beverly A. , Breitenstein Joseph L. , Hahn Susan K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine further the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in samples of adolescents, ages 14 to 18 years. The BAI is a 21‐item self‐report measure of anxiety severity. The BAI total score differentiated between the inpatient and high‐school adolescents. In the psychiatric inpatient sample, girls obtained higher anxiety‐severity scores than boys; no gender differences were obtained for the BAI total score in the high‐school sample. Confirmatory factor analyses did not provide adequate fit for the two‐
factor oblique BAI models to the separate male and female psychiatric inpatient data. Principal axes with varimax and promax rotations initially identified a four‐factor solution in the separate male and female inpatient participants. However, second‐order analyses of the primary factors provided stronger support for a single‐factor structure in each sample. Estimates of reliability for the BAI were adequate in samples of psychiatric inpatient and high‐school adolescents. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the BAI was investigated separately in the male and female inpatient samples. Overall, the BAI showed acceptable psychometric properties in these populations. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 58: 443–456, 2002.
Factorial structure of the Perceived Neighborhood Scale (PNS): A test of longitudinal invariance
Authors: Martinez M. Loreto , Black Maureen , Starr Raymond H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis article analyzes the invariance of the factor structure of the Perceived Neighborhood Scale (PNS)—a measure of neighborhood perceptions for parents of young children—across two waves of data. Scale items were theoretically derived to represent four dimensions of neighborhood context: social embeddedness, sense of community, satisfaction with neighborhood, and fear of crime. The longitudinal invariance of the factor structure of the scale was confirmed by testing the goodness‐of‐fit of four nested models. Results from longitudinal confirmatory factor analytic models (a) provide support for the hypothesized scale structure, (b) demonstrate convergent validity, and (c) demonstrate nonmetric and strict metric invariance. In addition, correlation analyses examining the associations between neighborhood characteristics and scale scores indicated external validity. Both sense of community and satisfaction with neighborhood were significantly associated with parental sense of efficacy. Findings are discussed in light of the implications for longitudinal research with children and the effects of neighborhood characteristics on parenting and the development of preschool children. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IGF‐I mediates the stimulatory effect of high phosphate concentration on osteoblastic cell proliferation
Authors: Kanatani Masanori , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Kano Junichi , Chihara Kazuo 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough high concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi) are known to have a distinct anabolic effect on bone structure and metabolism, the precise mechanism by which phosphate possesses anabolic effect on bone formation has not been elucidated. The present study was performed to examine the effects of an increase in extracellular Pi concentration ([Pi]e) on the proliferation of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. Increase in [Pi]e(2–4 mM) dose‐dependently stimulated DNA synthesis. Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, did not affect high [Pi]e‐induced DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis first increased affer a 3 h exposure to 4 mM [Pi]e and its stimulatory effect was observed in a time‐dependent manner up to 24 h. On the other hand, DNA synthesis was significantly but partially blocked by cycloheximide, suggesting that this stimulatory effect of high [Pi]e was at least in part dependent on new protein synthesis. There is recent evidence that MG3T3‐E1 cells constitutively produce and secrete insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and possess IGF‐I receptors. IGF‐I antiserum (1:10,000 to 1:100) significantly but partially blocked the stimulatory effect of [Pi]e (4 mM) on DNA synthesis in a concentration‐dependent manner. A neutralizing IGF‐I antibody as well as IGF‐I receptor antibody also significantly but partially blocked DNA synthesis stimulated by high [Pi]e in a concentration‐dependent manner, indicating that IGF‐I at least in part mediated the high [Pi]e‐induced effect. Actually, high [Pi]e significantly increased the secretion of immunoreactive IGF‐I into the medium as well as the expression of IGF‐I mRNA. Present findings indicate that an increase in [Pi]e stimulated DNA synthesis partly via an increase in IGF‐I action. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 306–312, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autocrine TGFβ signaling mediates vitamin D3 analog‐induced growth inhibition in breast cells
Authors: Yang Limin , Yang Junhua , Venkateswarlu Srinivas , Ko Tien , Brattain Michael G. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, we address whether TGFβ signaling mediates vitamin D3 analog‐induced growth inhibition in nonmalignant and malignant breast cells. Normal mammary epithelial cells (184), immortalized nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells (184A1 and MCF10A), and breast cancer cells (early passage MCF7: MCF7E) were sensitive to the inhibitory effects of vitamin D3 analogs (EB1089 and MC1288) while late passage MCF7 breast cancer (MCF7L) cells were relatively resistant. A similar pattern of sensitivity to TGFβ was observed with these cells. Thus, the sensitivity to the vitamin D3 analogs correlated with the sensitivity to TGFβ. MCF7L TGFβRII‐transfected cells, which have autocrine TGFβ activity, were more sensitive to EB1089 than MCF7L cells. TGFβ neutralizing antibody was found to block the inhibitory effects of these analogs. These results are consistent with the idea that autocrine TGFβ signaling mediates the anti‐proliferative effects of the vitamin D3 analogs in these cells. The expression of TGFβ isoforms and/or TGFβ receptors was induced by the analogs in the vitamin D3 and TGFβ sensitive cells. Vitamin D3 analogs did not induce TGFβ or TGFβ receptor expression in the resistant MCF7L cells. Therefore, EB1089 induces autocrine TGFβ activity through increasing expression of TGFβ isoforms and/or TGFβ receptors. In addition, EB1089 induced nuclear VDR protein levels in the sensitive 184A1 cells but not in the resistant MCF7L cells. 184A1 cells were more sensitive to EB1089‐induced VDR‐dependent transactivation than MCF7L cells as measured by a luciferase reporter construct containing the VDRE, indicating a defect of VDR signaling in MCF7L cells. Smad3, a TGFβ signaling mediator, coactivated VDR‐dependent transactivation in 184A1 cells but not in MCF7L cells. These results indicate that Smad3 coactivates VDR to further enhance TGFβ signaling and vitamin D3 signaling in the sensitive 184A1 cells. The results also indicate that Smad3 is not of itself sufficient to coactivate VDR in TGFβ/vitamin D3 resistant MCF7L cells and other factors are required. We found that the PI 3‐kinase pathway inhibitor LY29004 inhibited the synergy of TGFβ and EB1089 on VDR‐dependent transactivation activity. This indicates that the crosstalk between TGFβ and vitamin D signaling is also PI 3‐kinase pathway dependent. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of a gas–liquid separator on the hydrodynamics and circulation flow regimes in internal‐loop airlift reactors
Authors: Klein Jaroslav , Godo Štefan , Dolgoš Ondrej , Markoš Jozef 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe role of the gas–liquid separator on hydrodynamic characteristics in an internal‐loop airlift reactor (ALR) was investigated. Both gas holdup and liquid velocity were measured in a 30 dm3 airlift reactor with two different head configurations: with and without an enlarged separator. A magnetic tracer method using a neutrally buoyant magnetic particle as flowfollower was used to measure the liquid velocity in all sections of the internal‐loop airlift reactor. Average liquid circulation velocities in the main parts of the ALR were compared for both reactor configurations. At low air flow rates the separator had no influence on gas holdup, circulation velocity and intensity of turbulence in the downcomer and separator. At higher superficial air velocities, however, the separator design had a decisive effect on the hydrodynamic parameters in the downcomer and the separator. On the other hand, the gas holdup in the riser was only slightly influenced by the separator configuration in the whole range of air flow. Circulation flow regimes, characterising the behaviour of bubbles in the downcomer, were identified and the effect of the separator on these regimes was assessed.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Dendrimers: a review of their appeal and applications
Authors: Dykes Graham M 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDendrimer chemistry is one of the most fascinating and rapidly expanding areas of modern chemistry. This review attempts to uncover the appeal of these structurally‐perfect branched macromolecules. The three intriguing regions of a dendritic molecule are discussed: the multifunctional surface, the tailored sanctuary within the branches, and the encapsulated core. The advantages of dendritic structures for property modification, and their potential applications in very diverse areas are illustrated. The exciting merger of dendrimer chemistry with self‐assembly offers new, stimulating avenues for exploration. Consequently, self‐assembling dendrimers comprise a major section of this article.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry
Activity‐related, dynamic neuron‐glial interactions in the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system
Authors: Miyata Seiji , Hatton Glenn I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMagnocellular neurons located in the supraoptic nucleus send their principal axons to terminate in the neurohypophysis, where they release vasopressin and oxytocin into the blood circulation. This magnocellular hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system is known to undergo dramatic activity‐dependent structural plasticity during chronic physiological stimulation, such as dehydration and lactation. This structural plasticity is accompanied not only by synaptic remodeling, increased direct neuronal membrane apposition, and dendritic bundling in the supraoptic nucleus, but also organization of neurovascular contacts in the neurohypophysis. The adjacent glial cells actively participate in these plastic changes in addition to magnocellular neurons themselves. Many molecules that are possibly concerned with dynamic structural remodeling are highly expressed in the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system, although they are generally at low expression levels in other regions of adult brains. Interestingly, some of them are highly expressed only in embryonic brains. On the basis of function, these molecules are classified mainly into two categories. Cytoskeletal proteins, such as tubulin, microtubule‐associated proteins, and intermediate filament proteins, are responsible for changing both glial and neuronal morphology and location. Cell adhesion molecules, belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily proteins and extracellular matrix glycoproteins, also participate in neuronal–glial, neuronal–neuronal, and glial–glial recognition and guidance. Thus, the hypothalamo‐neurohypophysial system is an interesting model for elucidating physiological significance and molecular mechanisms of activity‐dependent structural plasticity in adult brains. Microsc. Res. Tech. 56:143–157, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic intrathecal infusions after spinal cord injury cause scarring and compression
Authors: Jones Leonard L. , Tuszynski Mark H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIntrathecal infusions are used in a number of rodent studies to deliver substances to the injured spinal cord. Whereas this method has been successful in certain paradigms, two potential limitations of this model have not been extensively reported: (1) scar formation at the catheter tip, which can lead to infusion failure, and (2) damage to the spinal cord caused by the catheter itself. Thus, the purpose of the present study was threefold: (1) to determine intrathecal infusion efficiency over 14 days following spinal cord injury; (2) to examine possible secondary damage caused by intrathecal tubing; and (3) to explore whether alternative protocols that avoid such damage are effective. Adult Fischer 344 rats were subjected to spinal cord lesions at T7, followed by placement of an intrathecal catheter attached to an Alzet minipump. Seven or 14 days following injury and catheter placement, tube patency was evaluated by diffusion of Evans Blue dye from the minipump. Results indicate that infusion was efficient 7 days following injury but was markedly reduced after 14 days. Further, histology and immunocytochemistry 14 days after injury demonstrated compression damage to the cord where the tubing rested. Alternative protocols, including intrathecal infusions through metal cannulae, or “drip” infusions directly over the lesion, did not improve delivery. These data suggest that results from rodent studies using infusion from catheters placed adjacent to lesion sites may be attributable to acute or subacute effects of the delivered substance. Future rodent studies using intrathecal infusions should include rigorous evaluation of infusion efficiency and possible secondary tissue damage. Microsc. Res. Tech. 54:317–324, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.