bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Official Statistics and Assessment of the State of the Fight against Crime in 2012–2022
Authors: Maslov V. A. 
Published: January 2024

Taking into account enormous importance of reliable initial criminological information for criminal policy, the paper examines the issue of reflecting an objective picture of the fight against crime in official statistics. Using the method of statistical analysis, the author examines: the number of registered crimes in Russia (2012–2022); reported cases of administrative offenses in courts of general jurisdiction (2012–2022); the number of convicts in Russia, the number of individuals with criminal history on record or with an outstanding conviction, their share in © Маслов В. А., 2024the total number of convicts, the structure and proportion of convicts in the context of committed crimes (2012– 2022); the number and proportion of convicted persons in correctional colonies for adults, depending on the age at the time of the crime, as well as taking into account the repetition of imprisonment (2012–2021); crimes of persons serving their sentences in educational colonies for minors (2012–2021). A number of the studied indicators are presented in the form of diagrams for clarity. Attention is paid to reducing the number of registered crimes while increasing appeals to the internal affairs bodies. The paper highlights as a matter of concern the fact of a consistently high proportion of grave and especially grave crimes in the crime structure, the fact of an increase in both short-term (up to 1 year) and long-term (over 10 years) terms of imprisonment of persons serving sentences in correctional colonies for adults. Attention is focused on the problems of a disproportionate decrease in the number of persons held in educational colonies for minors convicted of rape, an increase in the proportion of minors convicted of murder. In conclusion, the author provides a number of recommendations for the correct work with information relevant to the fight against crime, highlights the most important statistical trends, both positively and negatively characterizing the criminal situation in Russia.
Experimental and numerical investigation of heat transfer enhancement in double coil heat exchanger
Authors: NAJM Ali , D.J. AZZAWI Itimad , A. KARIM Abdul Mun'em 
Published: January 2024

In the current work, a substantial research and cost-effective strategy has been conducted to enhance the thermal efficiency of shell and coil heat exchangers, and geometrical modifica-tion is one technique to improve the exchange of thermal energy between two or more fluids. Therefore, experimental and numerical analysis across a shell and single/double coil heat ex-changer at constant temperatures of 36 °C for cold water and 65 °C for hot water are studied. Various coil pitches (baseline pitch, P-2P-P and 2P-P-2P) and mass flow rates (1 L/min for hot water and 2, 4, 6, and 8 L / min for cold water) were studied. The present experimental results for single and double coil heat exchangers were in good agreement with previous research’s numerical study, with an error rate of 9% and 5%, respectively. Moreover, the numerical find-ings revealed that modifying the double coil pitch improves the heat transfer rate by 10% com-pared to a baseline case. Following the encouraging simulation findings, improving the heat exchanger’s performance by utilizing more than one pitch for the same coil is a novel method that has not yet been reported. Therefore, when comparing the modified pitch of a double coil heat exchanger to a conventional coil under the same conditions (400
A comparative analysis of retrospective records of antibiotic usage in patients before and after surgery in a tertiary care government hospital in Delhi
Authors: Arora Tarun , Bhowmick Samya , Singh Jasbir 
Published: January 2024

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is major problem in most of countries worldwide. Antimicrobial Stewardship program (AMSP) encourages both government and private hospitals in country to bring out guidelines regarding antimicrobial usage and hospital infection control (HIC). However, it is still in nascent stage. A retrospective study to generate lacking data about usage of antibiotics in inpatient settings in a government hospital.
Methods: Retrospective records of antibiotic usage in adult patients before and after surgery admitted in department of surgery, LHMC and Smt. Sucheta Kriplani hospital, New Delhi. The prescribed doses were converted to a number as per WHO defined daily dose (DDD) of each antibiotic and presented as per ATC/DDD methodology.
Results: The records of 121 patients admitted between June 2021 to February 2022 were retrieved. Ceftriaxone, was the leading choice of antibiotic both pre and post operatively, while co-amoxyclav was second most preferred antimicrobial. Mean ± SD for DDD pre-op and post-op was 3.345±1.602 with p<0.001 which was highly significant. Mean ± SD for average duration of stay pre-op and post-op was 3.041±1.179 with p<0.01 which was significant. Only 16 patients had complications before, during or after the procedure which prolonged their stay in hospital. There were no procedure related deaths till last follow up.
Conclusions: Guidelines for selection of proper antimicrobial usage in peri-operative period were not consistent. We advocate evidence-based pre-operative and post-operative antibiotic prophylaxis practices and rational antibiotic usage depending on prevailing antibiogram.
Periconceptional folic acid intake: a one year survey among mothers of patients with myelomeningocele in a regional neurosurgical centre in Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Daibu Usman , Lasseini Ali , Usman Babagana , Babagana Mohammed , Muhammad Koko Aliyu , Jinjiri Ismail Nasiru , Bala Shehu Bello 
Published: January 2024

Background: Management of myelomeningocele, the most common neural tube defect in our environment, is quite challenging, and the outcome is usually less pleasing to parents/caregivers. Periconceptional folic acid ingestion reduces the incidence, especially in developed countries with mandated policies for folic acid fortification of staple foods. Awareness of preventive role of folic acid and periconceptional intake has not been studied in our centre. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the proper intake of folic acid in preventing Myelomeningocele among mothers of patients with myelomeningocele.
Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto state, Nigeria over 12 months period after obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent. Data of mothers of patients with myelomeningocele who presented to the neurosurgical outpatient clinic of our facility was entered into a well-designed proforma. Data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, and results were presented in tables and pie chart.
Results: Fifty-four mothers were recruited. The most common age range was 20-35 years (70%), with a mean age of 23.8 years±5.49 SD. Nineteen (35%) out of 54 mothers had heard prior information about folic acid, and only 16 (30%) were aware of its appropriate time of intake in preventing myelomeningocele. None of the mothers ingested folic acid in the periconceptional period.
Conclusions: There was poor awareness and knowledge of the appropriate timing of folic acid intake in preventing Myelomeningocele in our centre.
Patterns in flexor zone V injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Menedal Akshata , Attokaren Roshjo Roshan , T. M. Sheeja Rajan , Rajasubramanya Priyavrata , D. S. Aabha , Chandran Aswathy 
Published: January 2024

Background: Volar cut injuries to the wrist that range from simple to complex full house and are commonly encountered by plastic surgery residents. In this study we aim to recognize common clusters of structures injured together, to decipher patterns in presentation and to assert the role of superficial tendons in protecting the nerves, vessels and the deeper tendons in the flexor compartment.
Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study analyzing 322 patients with acute Zone V injuries. The patients were profiled based on demographic factors and etiology of injury. Detailed analysis of morphology of injury, structures involved was done and grouped into six common injury patterns.
Results: Majority of subjects were in the age group 21 to 30 years (33.9%), 81.1% were males and 18.9% were females. Both the sides flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus and flexor digitorum superficialis were commonly injured structures. Most common etiology was cutting tools. The median number of structures injured in cutting injuries was 3, in deliberate self-harm was 3, in Power tool was 6, in Shard injuries was 5 structures. Distribution of injuries was pattern 1 (98.2%), pattern 2 (36.2%), pattern 3 (40.5%), pattern 4 (80.1%), pattern 5 (15.6%) and pattern 6 (21.5%). Pattern 1 was seen commonly in all etiologies whereas power tools were responsible for serious pattern 6 types of injuries.
Conclusions: Cut injury to wrist occurs as clusters of specific structures and these patterns need to be looked for during surgical repair of hand. Superficial tendons have a role in protecting deeper tendons and neurovascular structures.
Immunohistochemical analysis of cdx2 and its correlation with histopathological parameters of gastric enteric and colorectal epithelial malignancies
Authors: G Roopashree , Kumar M Pavan , D Vani , G Nataraju 
Published: January 2024

:Gastrointestinal tract cancers have become the leading causes of death worldwide. In India, the incidence of gastrointestinal carcinomas is increasing due to urbanization, change in food habits and life style. According to National Cancer Registry, gastro-intestinal carcinomas are more common in men than women and more commonly seen in elderly age group. CDX2 is a caudal type Homeo-box gene, encoding a transcription factor that plays an important role in differentiation, proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. CDX2 is often deregulated in cancer and might have oncogenic and tumour suppressor potential.1) To know the expression of CDX2 in gastric, enteric and colo-rectal epithelial. malignancies. 2) To observe and analyse the staining pattern in various grades and stages of tumour.The resected specimens of gastric, enteric and colo-rectal carcinomas were collected from the Department of Pathology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, during the year December 2019 to May 2021. Standard protocol for grossing and histopathological techniques were followed by immunohistochemical staining with CDX2 antibody. Expression of CDX2 marker and its staining pattern in various grades and stages of tumour were recorded and compared with patient’s clinicopathological parameters.A total of 67 cases of Gastrointestinal carcinomas were taken for the study. Positive CDX2 expression was seen in 58 out of 67 cases but the intensity of expression varied. There was significant statistical correlation between the CDX2 expression and histopathological grade (p value &#60;0.05).The present study showed consistent expression of CDX2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas. The CDX2 expression decreased with increase in grade of the carcinoma.Therefore, CDX2 can be used as one of the prognostic indicators in intestinal variants gastrointestinal carcinoma.
Evaluation of expression of immunohistochemical markers high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK) and alpha-methylacyl coa racemose (AMACR) in prostatic needle biopsies and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) specimen – A one year observational study
Authors: Kapoor Raghav , Bannur Hema Basappa 
Published: January 2024

In view of increasing incidence of Prostate cancer with age, its early detection and management is of utmost importance. Digital rectal examination, clinical picture and USG findings are non-specific. In prostatic lesions having a suspicious morphology, IHC staining (HMWCK and AMACR) is done to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. Absence of myoepithelial layer (HMWCK negative) along with cytoplasmic granular staining in glands (AMACR positive) is consistent with malignant diagnosis.To evaluate the utility of IHC markers HMWCK and AMACR in resolving morphologically suspicious foci on Prostatic needle core biopsies and TURP specimens.Observational StudyA total of 30 cases of prostatic lesions were studied. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed. Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and IHC staining (HMWCK and AMACR) was done in all 30 cases.Data collected was analyzed using appropriate statistical test.A total of 30 cases including 19 cases prostatic needle core biopsies and 11 cases of TURP specimens were included in our study. Histopathological diagnosis included 1 case each of Adenosis, Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and Transitional cell metaplasia; 9 cases of BPH with suspicious foci, 4 cases of LGPIN, 3 cases of HGPIN and 11 cases Prostatic adenocarcinoma. In 5 cases including 3 cases of BPH with suspicious foci and 1 case each of adenosis and AAH, the diagnosis was changed to Prostatic Adenocarcinoma after IHC analysis. We conclude that IHC staining should be done in cases where routine H&E sections have an ambiguous morphology. HMWCK along with AMACR is a good marker combination to differentiate Benign from Malignant lesions.
Correlation of RBC indices and RBC histogram obtained by automated hematology analyser with peripheral smear in the diagnosis of anemia
Authors: Thomas Rose Maria , Chavan S Sateesh 
Published: January 2024

: The impact of early diagnosis and management of anemia on patient outcome has been tremendous. Although conventional microscopic examination of blood using peripheral smear is unequivocal, the advent of automated hematology analyzer has revolutionized the field of clinical hematology and its practice. This study highlights the efficiency and utility of specific parameters obtained by hematology analyzer and its comparison with peripheral smear in the diagnosis of anemia, also determines the sensitivity of the same.: 501 Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid blood samples collected at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka during one and half years from February 2021 to August 2022, were run on the Sysmex 6-part automated hematology analyzer and simultaneous peripheral smears were prepared and stained using Leishman stain based on standard operating procedures. The histogram and peripheral smear findings were noted.: Among the 501 cases, there were 269(53.7%) cases of Normocytic Normochromic Anemia in which 82.9% showed normal curve, 145(28.9%) cases of Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia in which 92.4% showed shift to left, 31(6.2%) cases of Dimorphic Anemia in which 61.3% showed normal curve contrary to the expected double peak, 24(4.8%) cases of Macrocytic Anemia in which 83.3% showed shift to right, 23(4.6%) cases of Pancytopenia in which 39.1% showed normal curve and 9 cases of Normocytic Hypochromic Anemia. : The Automated hematology Analyzer provides highly valuable information with limited sample and is an essential tool in diagnosis, classification and management of anemia.
Improvement of a well bottomhole zone treatment applying a spent sulfuric acid solution
Authors: Khabibullin Marat Ya. 
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Caused by the need to ensure highly efficient distribution of spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone. The proposed method increases the efficiency of this process by growth of efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous limestone reservoirs in the wellbore zone. Aim. To develop and propose a method for using spent sulfuric acid solutions during acid treatment of a production well bottomhole zone, a methodology for its application. The essence of the method is that to increase the efficiency of production wells exploiting terrigenous reservoirs, solutions of sulfuric acid or its derivatives, in particular spent sulfuric acid, are used as an acid reagent. Objects. It was revealed that the surface activity of spent sulfuric acid in fresh water at the interface with hydrocarbon liquids is significantly greater than the activity of solutions of commercial hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. Based on physical and chemical studies, it has been established that spent sulfuric acid solutions can be used in acid treatment of the bottomhole zone of wells to increase formation fluid production. Solutions of hydrochloric (HCl) and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, as well as waste – spent sulfuric acid, were used as experimental liquids. Compared to commercial acids, the spent sulfuric acid solutions have the greatest ability to interact in carbonate rocks. Methods. Models of porous medium were created in experimental columns, which were pipes made of organic glass with a length of 0.5 m and a diameter of 0.025 m. The manufactured model of the porous medium was evacuated and saturated with fresh water, after which the water permeability was determined, then the water was replaced with acid solutions. After a certain time for the acid to react with the carbonates of the porous medium, the water permeability was again determined. The experiments were carried out at room temperature and a pressure gradient of 0.05...0.2 MPa/m. Moreover, after completion of the treatment of the near-wellbore zone in order to prevent the deposition of sediments formed in the pores as a result of the interaction of acid with carbonates, the well is put into operation after an eight-hour holding period with large depressions in the near-wellbore zone. Results. Visual observations shown that water filtration through the porous medium at high pressure gradients leads to a large removal of sediments from the porous medium. This is the consequence of an increase in the porous medium permeability after treating it with a 15% solution of waste sulfuric acid. Thus, laboratory experiments shown that the use of spent sulfuric acid solutions under certain conditions can increase well productivity.
Optimization of Heat Pump Drying Process for Schefflera heptaphylla Leaves by the Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Tan , Nhi Nguyen Thi Uyen , Thang Tran Dinh , Huyen Nguyen Thi 
Published: January 2024

Background: Schefflera heptaphylla is a species of plant living in the forest, containing numerous bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. The efficient extraction of these bioactive compounds from the plant while minimizing losses is a currently highlighted issue. Methods: In this research, the impact of three variables: drying time (min), drying air velocity (m/s) and drying air temperature (oC) on the reactions, including loss of total phenolic (TPCL), total flavonoid content loss (TFCL) and moisture content (MC) investigation of Schefflera heptaphylla leaves was conducted using the central complex design (CCD) within the framework of the methodology reaction surface method (RSM). Result: The optimal conditions obtained from the response surface method were 48°C, 1.9 m/s and 600 min. The experimental values at the optimal conditions of TPCL, TFCL and MC are 17.22±0.20%, 14.83±0.15% and 8.47±0.12%, respectively. Crude fiber content, moisture content, total ash and total fat content of raw materials have been identified.
OS VACILOS DO COLONIZADOR: transferências de vilas e aldeias no Maranhão
Authors: ASSUNÇÃO MATTHIAS RÖHRIG 
Published: January 2024

O elevado número de transferências de vilas e povoados no Maranhão colonial e oitocentista decorre de várias causas. Uma delas é a inadequação dos locais escolhidos para implantação dos núcleos urbanos a serem desenvolvidos, como, por exemplo, às margens de rios submetidos às enchentes. Se transferências resultaram de um meio ambiente hostil aos planos e intentos dos colonizadores, eram também causadas pela hostilidade dos nativos da terra, que se opunham à sua escravização. Quando capturados ou “resgatados” pelos colonos, ou descidos para aldeias missionárias, os indígenas eram não somente forçados a trabalhar, mas eram vítimas também de epidemias, com as bexigas (varíola). Grande mortandade, por sua vez, levou ao abandono de vilas ou a sua transferência. Finalmente, disputas locais entre elites provocavam mudanças apenas da territorialização e das insígnias do poder municipal, sem implicar necessariamente uma transferência de assentamento. O artigo explora esses temas baseado principalmente no caso das vilas e povoados do Maranhão oriental, a região entre o oceano e os rios Itapecuru e Parnaíba até a altura de Caxias.
Multi-wavelet method for solving time-space fractional Schrödinger equation
Authors: Kawala A. M. , Abdelaziz H. K. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a wavelet method to obtain a numerical solution to the time-space fractional Schrödinger equation. With Caputo fractional derivatives, two dimensional Legendre wavelets and their operational matrix with the collocation method are utilized to solve the coupled nonlinear time-space fractional Schrödinger system. Convergence and error analysis of the proposed method are discussed, and two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the simplicity and high accuracy of the proposed techniques.
Mathematics Subject Classi cation: 65N35 26A33 35R11 65T60
An Overview of the Archaeological, Radiocarbonic and Palaeoclimatic Record at the Iberian Peninsula During the Middle to Upper Paleolithic Transition
Authors: Mayya Seba Sultan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The Iberian Peninsula is an important region for the study of the transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic (MUPT). Broadly speaking, this transition refers to the period in which anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens, AMH) first appear in the archaeological record of Palaeolithic Europe, as well as the subsequent extinction of Neanderthals in Europe. The Iberian Peninsula is an important region for the study of the causes of the replacement of Neanderthals by Anatomically Modern Humans, as it was one of the last places where these Neanderthals lived. Many theories have been proposed to explain the disappearance of Neanderthals. They range from competition with Homo sapiens to environmental factors such as climate change. Here we investigate the link between the displacement of Neanderthals by AMH populations and climate change by providing an overview of the archaeological and climatic record in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Transition (MUPT). Through the use of a relational database (combining archaeological information and radiocarbon dates), Summed Probability of Calibrated Radiocarbon Dates (SPCD), palaeoenvironmental records, GIS and spatial modelling, this study examines the timing of the dispersal of the last Neanderthals and the occurrence and distribution of AMH and their population fluctuations in Iberian periods of climate change. This research is still under investigation.
Optimizing Solar Energy Utilization: A Comparative Study of SAPV Direct Coupling and MPPT Control in Standalone PV Systems
Authors: Nataraj Chandrasekharan , G Karthikeyan , G Jaya Bharathi , Duraikannan Shankar 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Solar energy, a prominent renewable source, has reached an installed capacity of 71.78 GW in India. This research explored the load demands of the computer center at an engineering college in Tanjore, Tamil Nadu, India. The computer center at the engineering college has an annual energy requirement of 260,552 kWh/Year. Consequently, the research focused on the planning and implementation of a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system, assessing it against the institution's total annual energy consumption. The performance ratio and losses of the SAPV system with both direct coupling and an MPPT charge controller was compared. This comparative analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two solar photovoltaic control methods—SAPV direct coupling and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control—in optimizing energy harvesting from solar panels.