bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of novel biomarkers of ferroptosis involved in keloid based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yuan Tian , Meijia Li , Rong Cheng , Jian Yuan , Lijun Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractKeloid is a fibroproliferative disease of unknown aetiology, which has a significant impact the quality of life of patients. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the occurrence and development of fibrosis, but there is still a lack of research related to keloids. The objective of this work was to identify the hub genes related to ferroptosis in keloid to better understand the keloid process. The microarray data (GSE7890 GSE145725, and GSE44270) (23 keloid and 22 normal fibroblast) were analysed via the gene expression comprehensive database (GEO). Only GSE7890 met the FerrDB database. Cell cycle and pathway analysis were performed with gene ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed to differentially expressed genes (DEG). The differential genes were confirmed in other GEO datasets (GSE145725 and GSE44270), and multi‐fibrosis‐gene correlation analysed. To validate these hub genes, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was conducted. A total of 581 DEGs were screened, with 417 genes down‐regulated and 164 genes up‐regulated, with 11 ferroptosis genes significantly up‐regulated in both keloid and normal tissue, and 6 genes are consistent with our findings and are associated with multiple fibrosis genes. The qRT‐PCR results and tissues of normal skin and keloid agreed with our predictions. Our findings provide new evidence for the ferroptosis‐related molecular pathways and biomarker of keloid.
Perianth evolution and implications for generic delimitation in the eucalypts (Myrtaceae), including the description of the new genus, Blakella
Authors: Crisp Michael D. , Minh Bui Q. , Choi Bokyung , Edwards Robert D. , Hereward James , Kulheim Carsten , Lin Yen Po , Meusemann Karen , Thornhill Andrew H. , Toon Alicia , Cook Lyn G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEucalypts (Myrtaceae tribe Eucalypteae) are currently placed in seven genera. Traditionally, Eucalyptus was defined by its operculum, but when phylogenies placed Angophora, with free sepals and petals, as sister to the operculate bloodwood eucalypts, the latter were segregated into a new genus, Corymbia. Yet, generic delimitation in the tribe Eucalypteae remains uncertain. Here, we address these problems using phylogenetic analysis with the largest molecular data set to date. We captured 101 low‐copy nuclear exons from 392 samples representing 266 species. Our phylogenetic analysis used maximum likelihood (IQtree) and multispecies coalescent (Astral). At two nodes critical to generic delimitation, we tested alternative relationships among Arillastrum, Angophora, Eucalyptus, and Corymbia using Shimodaira's approximately unbiased test. Phylogenetic mapping was used to explore the evolution of perianth traits. Monophyly of Corymbia relative to Angophora was decisively rejected. All alternative relationships among the seven currently recognized Eucalypteae genera imply homoplasy in the evolutionary origins of the operculum. Inferred evolutionary transitions in perianth traits are congruent with divergences between major clades, except that the expression of separate sepals and petals in Angophora, which is nested within the operculate genus Corymbia, appears to be a reversal to the plesiomorphic perianth structure. Here, we formally raise Corymbia subg. Blakella to genus rank and make the relevant new combinations. We also define and name three sections within Blakella (Blakella sect. Blakella, Blakella sect. Naviculares, and Blakella sect. Maculatae), and two series within Blakella sect. Maculatae (Blakella ser. Maculatae and Blakella ser. Torellianae). Corymbia is reduced to the red bloodwoods.
English language and literature as an academic subject in China
Authors: Wei Ruan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA brief examination of the history of English as an academic subject in China is given, with focus on the paramount importance China attaches to the teaching and learning of foreign languages and literatures in general and of English language and literature in particular. It is argued that China presents a unique case in human history in which an immense sovereign state has put systematic and sustained efforts into learning a foreign language, formulating unified linguistic policies and enforcing them in a potent manner; and by so doing, has made the external world relatively transparent in a short time, integrating all kinds of new knowledge into its cognitive system and transforming the minds of its population, thus effecting an overall civilizational transformation.
Pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis of phosphorylated signaling proteins in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue
Authors: Nishio Mari , Tsukamoto Shuichi , Kodama Takayuki , Shigeoka Manabu , Koma Yu‐ichiro , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunohistochemistry is primarily employed to visualize the localization of specific molecules in tissue samples. However, there is an increasing need for software‐assisted quantitative assessment. In the present study, we performed inverted blue channel‐based pseudoimmunofluorescence image analysis using original immunohistochemistry images. In human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, various humoral factors promote the phosphorylation of signaling proteins, including protein kinase B (Akt) and/or extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), leading to tumor progression. Our method demonstrated applicability in the analysis of localized signaling proteins in histological sections. Relatively high phosphorylated Akt (p‐Akt) intensity was observed in the cancer‐stroma adjacent (Adj) and noncancerous regions of the superficial layer (SL). Furthermore, localized phosphorylated ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) was observed in the Adj of the SL and invasive front, distinct from the pattern of p‐Akt (Ser473) and p‐Akt (Thr308). In conclusion, pseudoimmunofluorescent immunohistochemistry image analysis is useful for the quantitative assessment and objective interpretation of localized signaling proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The method can also be applied to analyze various immunohistochemistry images from diverse tissues.
Striking differences in frost hardiness and inability to cold acclimate in two Mougeotia species (Zygnematophyceae) from alpine and lowland habitats
Authors: Permann Charlotte , Stegner Matthias , Roach Thomas , Loacker Valentina , Lewis Louise A. , Neuner Gilbert , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractZygnematophyceae, a class of freshwater green algae, exhibit distinctive seasonal dynamics. The increasing frequency of cold snaps during the growing season might challenge the persistence of some populations. The present study explored the frost hardiness of two Mougeotia species isolated from different elevations and habitats. Additionally, a phylogenetic (rbcL sequence), ultrastructural and physiological characterization was performed. Both species, grown under standard culture conditions and cold acclimated cultures (+4°C), were exposed to freezing temperatures down to −9°C. Furthermore, ultrastructural‐, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐ and photosynthetic pigment analysis were performed on cells exposed to −2°C, with and without induced ice nucleation. The alpine M. disjuncta showed a higher frost hardiness (LT50 = −5.8°C), whereas the lowland M. scalaris was susceptible to ice. However, frost hardiness did not improve after cold acclimation in either species but rather decreased significantly in M. disjuncta (LT50 = −4.7°C). Despite darkness, prolonged sub‐zero temperatures or freezing induced the activation of the xanthophyll (VAZ) cycle in M. scalaris. Our results demonstrate that frost hardiness varies within the genus Mougeotia and that the VAZ cycle can be activated in the dark under subzero temperature‐ and freezing stress but does not necessarily increase frost hardiness. As highly frost hardy cell types are usually formed at the end of the growing season, the ability of young cells to survive ice formation in the upper subzero temperature range represents a crucial survival strategy in populations exposed to late spring frosts.
Suggested blood donor deferral strategy regarding hepatitis B infections in China
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Rui , Guo Jin , He Liu , Liu Zhengmin , Qin Qianqian , Zhang Jing , Wu Shuo , Huang Liqin , Ge Hongwei , Liu Zhong 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivity in individual immunologic and nucleic acid tests (NAT) tests does not represent the true infectious status of the blood donor. This study discusses the use of confirmatory tests to determine when deferral of blood donors is appropriate.MethodsHBsAg or HBV NAT reactive samples were confirmed via a neutralisation test. All the HBsAg reactive but neutralisation test negative samples were subjected to further anti‐HBc testing. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the best threshold value using signal‐to‐cut‐off ratios of two HBsAg enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay reagents.ResultsOf the 780 HBV reactive samples collected, there were 467 HBsAg reactive but HBV DNA negative samples, of which 65 (13.92%) and 402 (86.08%) were neutralisation test positive and negative, respectively. Of the 402, 91 samples (30% of tested samples) were anti‐HBc reactive. HBV DNA positive specimens negative by virus neutralisation were >80% HBcAg positive. A screening strategy was proposed for Chinese blood collection agencies.ConclusionThese findings suggest that adopting a screening algorithm for deferring HBV reactive blood donors based on HBsAg and NAT testing followed with HBsAg S/CO consideration and HBcAg testing can be both safe and feasible in China.
Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Novel Adiabatic Swirl-Flow Separation Apparatus in Air–Water Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Thyagarajan Ashok , Ren Gangchen , Banerjee Debjyoti , Dhir Vijay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Experiments were performed for determining the efficacy of a swirl-flow apparatus for phase separation of a premixed two-phase air–water mixture. In the experiments gas and liquid flow rates were parametrically varied. The goal of this study was to determine the ideal operating conditions for phase separation of an adiabatic mixture and to serve as a benchmark for future desalination experiments involving separation of vapor-saline water two-phase mixture generated by flash evaporation. The novel swirl-flow apparatus enables the formation of a stable air core (lighter fluid) in the middle of the separator tube due to centrifugal force induced by strategically injecting the two-phase mixture tangentially into the tubular test section. Separated air is removed by tapping into the air core using a retrieval tube that is mounted in the center of the test section. Conditions under which maximum phase-separation efficiency is obtained in the swirl-flow apparatus were identified and a correlation for the phase-separation efficiency is proposed for the range of experimental conditions explored in this study.
Criterion Validity of Accelerometers in Determining Knee-Flexion Angles During Sitting in a Laboratory Setting
Authors: Wu Yanlin , O’Brien Myles W. , Peddle Alexander , Daley W. Seth , Schwartz Beverly D. , Kimmerly Derek S. , Frayne Ryan J. 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Device-based monitors often classify all sedentary positions as the sitting posture, but sitting with bent or straight legs may exhibit unique physiological and biomechanical effects. The classifications of the specific nuances of sitting have not been understood. The purpose of this study was to validate a dual-monitor approach from a trimonitor configuration measuring knee-flexion angles compared to motion capture (criterion) during sitting in laboratory setting. Methods: Nineteen adults (12♀, 24 ± 4 years) wore three activPALs (torso, thigh, tibia) while 14 motion capture cameras simultaneously tracked 15 markers located on bony landmarks. Each participant completed a 45-s supine resting period and eight, 45-s seated trials at different knee flexion angles (15° increment between 0° and 105°, determined via goniometry), followed by 15 s of standing. Validity was assessed via Friedman’s test (adjusted p value = .006), mean absolute error, Bland–Altman analyses, equivalence testing, and intraclass correlation. Results: Compared to motion capture, the calculated angles from activPALs were not different during 15°–90° (all, p ≥ .009), underestimated at 105° (p = .002) and overestimated at 0°, as well as the supine position (both, p < .001). Knee angles between 15° and 105° exhibited a mean absolute error of ∼5°, but knee angles <15° exhibited larger degrees of error (∼10°). A proportional (β = −0.12, p < .001) bias was observed, but a fixed (0.5° ± 1.7°, p = .405) bias did not exist. In equivalence testing, the activPALs were statistically equivalent to motion capture across 30°–105°. Strong agreement between the activPALs and motion capture was observed (intraclass correlation = .97, p < .001). Conclusions: The usage of a three-activPAL configuration detecting seated knee-flexion angles in free-living conditions is promising.
Understanding the first injury in athletics and its effect on dropout from sport: an online survey on 544 high-level youth and junior athletics (track and field) athletes
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Mosser Constance , Chapon Joris , Depiesse Frédéric , Palmer Debbie 
Published: January 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the first injury and to investigate whether it plays a role in altering athletics’ sustainable practice.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using an exploratory survey on the first injury and its consequences on athletics practice. In 2021, we asked all high-level athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics (FFA) under 18 years, under 20 years and under 23 years categories between 2007 and 2021.ResultsOut of 6560 emails sent by FFA, 544 athletes responded, and 93.6% (n=510) reported experiencing at least one injury during their career. The first injury occurred at a mean age of 17.5±3.3 years after 6.1±4.1 years of athletics practice. The main locations of the first injury were the posterior thigh (28.9%), the ankle (16.5%) and the knee (12.6%), and the principal reported injury types were muscle (37.7%), tendon (17.5%) and ligament (15.5%). More than a third of injured athletes (36.7%) reported experiencing ongoing symptoms or sequelae after their first injury, and about half (48.5%) experienced recurrences. About 20% had stopped athletics at the time of the survey, with injury problems the primary cause of athletes dropping out (46.2%), including the first injury (9.4%).ConclusionsInjuries played an important role in altering sustainable athletics practice, with injury accounting for about 50% of all reported dropouts and the first injury accounting for about 10% of all reported causes. Our results provide evidence to target the prevention of the first injury, which could be considered the origin of the ‘vicious circle’ of injuries.
Rights, Conflicts, and the Mechanics of Claims
Authors: Sinclair Thomas 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
There is a distinction between two different ways in which people’s interests might figure as inputs into the reasoning that determines verdicts of moral permissibility and impermissibility. Their interests may receive a certain priority in that reasoning, as for example the interests of the people whose lives are at stake in the famous Bystander example should. Or they may not, as for example the interests in spectacle that people watching on the sidelines might have should not.
A theory of rights needs to make sense of this distinction. One of the chief attractions of Alec Walen’s theory of rights in The Mechanics of Claims and Permissible Killing in War is that it promises to do so, thanks to the concept of a claim that it introduces and the structural role this concept plays in the theory. However, I argue here that the substantive content of the mechanics of claims – in particular, a principle Walen calls the ‘welfare principle’ – privileges welfare interests to a degree that threatens to undermine the theory’s advantages. I consider and reject some ways of modifying the welfare principle so as to avoid this implication, suggesting that their failure raises much deeper questions of moral theory that must be confronted if the mechanics of claims is to make good on its promise.
International survey of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula: ISRAF survey
Authors: Kordzadeh Ali ,   ISRAF Collaborators, Mohaghegh Vahaj , Inston Nicholas 
Published: January 2024

Aims: The objective of this survey was to encompass the full scope of international practice, entailing all technical, non-technical, preoperative stratification and functional maturation (FM) of RCAVF. Methods: The survey contained n = 19 questionnaires with n = 46 variables completed by n = 85 providers from n = 21 nations across n = 5 continents. The numerical values were subjected to mean with standard error whereas the nominal data to a non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis & Spearman correlation test) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The test of homogeneity, & probability was reported 95% confidence intervals (CI) alongside error plots. Furthermore, a decision and higher attribute tree model was constructed based on current survey for higher FM in RCAVF. Results: FM is independently associated with volume of surgeon per year (procedures performed) ( p < 0.01) [High Volume: 73% (95% CI, 68–77%) versus Average volume: 63% (95% CI, 59–66%) vs Low volume: 56% (95% CI, 51–61%)]. FM increased by 8% with every 20 more procedures per group of surgeons on end point of FM. Amongst continents: Australia, America, Asia and South America demonstrated higher FM to Africa & Europe ( p < 0.05). UK possessed a lower FM 58% (95% CI, 48–68%) in comparison to the world & Europe respectively [65% (95% CI, 61–70%) vs 61% (95% CI, 58–-65%)]. There was a positive causal link between angle of anastomosis at 30–76° ( p < 0.01), longitudinal & S-shaped incision & arteriotomy length of 3 & 4 mm to higher FM ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: FM in RCAVF is independently & incrementally associated with the volume of surgeon per year. There is a diverse inclusion, exclusion and technical approach in RCAVF creation. This survey advocates the importance of international collaboration and/or registry in assimilation, consolidate and development of consensus.
Early work experiences, social inclusion and transition to adulthood: The voice of care-experienced young adults
Authors: Soyez Veerle , Gilligan Robbie , Arnau-Sabatès Laura , Johansson Helena , Hojer Ingrid , Pazlorova Hana , Sjöblom Yvonne , Stoddart Jill 
Published: January 2024

Summary It is widely recognised that young people in out-of-home care are often involved in a complex process of culminating disadvantage and exclusion. Investing in the core ingredients of social inclusion (participation and interpersonal relationships) while still in care can counterbalance ongoing exclusion processes. In this article, we explore how early work experiences (before the age of 18) can play a role in this. Findings A thematic analysis was performed on interview data from 74 young adults in six countries. Several elements promote community participation (gaining financial autonomy, gaining a feeling of independence, and being able to contribute as a worker) and help to develop a sense of belonging (striving for normality and building long-lasting social connections). Early work experiences also contribute to personal growth (building capabilities and shaping the future). Applications This article highlights how early work experiences have the potential to promote social inclusion for out-of-home care-experienced young people and serve as gateway experiences for both educational and work trajectories. Entry into the world of work should not be postponed until the age of 18. Caregivers can play a role in motivating young people to work while still being in care and helping them to find a job. The experiences gained during these early work experiences can also have a place in the care process.
Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Second-Line Treatment Options for Advanced Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhao Luqing , Zhao Zhiting , Yan Xiaoqi , Hu Xiao , Feng Jifeng , Yu Shaorong 
Published: January 2024

Objective As monotherapy such as topotecan has reached a plateau of effectiveness, new second-line treatments based on experience have been used in clinical application. This study compared the efficacy and safety of different second-line treatments for advanced small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods A total of 380 patients with advanced SCLC were screened selectively in the retrospective study. Adverse events and patient responses were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0 and Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors v1.1. The progression-free survival (PFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method or Cox survival regression model and compared using the log-rank test. Results In the platinum-resistant group, disease control rate (DCR) and median PFS (mPFS) were prolonged in the combination group versus single-agent group (DCR: 49.24% vs 24.39%, P = .004; mPFS: 3.73 vs 1.90 months, P < .001). Grade 3/4 toxicity was similar between the 2 groups ( P = .683). The mPFS did not differ among single-agent groups ( P = .380). No significant difference was observed in mPFS of different combination therapy groups ( P = .170). In terms of platinum-based chemotherapy, the DCR and mPFS were prolonged in irinotecan-platinum group versus taxol-platinum group (DCR: 56.14% vs 9.09%, P = .004; mPFS: 3.87 vs 1.93 months, P = .012). Grade 3/4 toxicity was similar between the 2 groups ( P = .614). The mPFS was prolonged in the chemotherapy plus immunotherapy group versus single-agent chemotherapy group ( P = .003). In the platinum-sensitive group, the mPFS did not differ between the combination group and single-agent group ( P = .200). The mPFS did not differ among different single-agent groups ( P = .260) or combination groups ( P = .150). There was no difference in mPFS among different platinum-based chemotherapy groups ( P = .830). Conclusions For patients with platinum-resistant SCLC, combination therapy has shown better efficacy and acceptable toxicity profile than monotherapy. Among combination therapies, irinotecan–platinum has shown better efficacy than taxol–platinum. For patients with platinum-sensitive SCLC, the efficacy of different single-agent or combination therapies was similar.