bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of high serum levels of CA‐125 in malignant secretory peritoneal mesotheliomas affecting young women. A case report with differential diagnosis and review of the literature
Authors: ALMUDÉVAR BERCERO E. , GARCÍA‐ROSTÁN Y PÉREZ G.MA , GARCÍA BRAGADO F. , JIMÉNEZ C. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Very few cases of diffuse, malignant, peritoneal mesothelioma have been reported in young women. Distinction between peritoneal mesothelioma and serous epithelial tumours, including papillary serous carcinomas and borderline serous tumours, can be difficult. Differential diagnosis based on clinical appearance and imaging techniques is broad and inconclusive, thus the diagnosis must be confirmed by histological examination. Because the vast majority of tumours involving the peritoneal and serosal surfaces are due to primary or metastatic serous epithelial tumours, there is a tendency on the part of pathologists to disregard the possibility of mesothelioma when examining a biopsy or excision specimen. This is especially likely to occur when mesothelioma is associated with highly elevated serum levels of CA‐125, which is the typical tumoral marker of epithelial serous tumours from the ovary. The association between peritoneal mesothelioma and high serum levels of CA‐125 has been reported in the literature only in two cases.Case details:In order to avoid a misdiagnosis of this neoplasm we describe a new case of peritoneal mesothelioma in an 18‐year‐old woman with high serum levels of CA‐125.Conclusions:Besides its clinicopathological characteristics and its histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features, we describe its biological behaviour, which seems to be worst when CA‐125 levels are high.
Enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphomas have a cytotoxic T‐cell phenotype
Authors: DE BRUIN P.C. , CONNOLLY C.E. , OUDEJANS J.J. , KUMMER J.A. , JANSEN W. , MCCARTHY C.F. , MEIJER C.J.L.M. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma (EATCL) is a rare complication of coeliac disease. We investigated whether EATCLs are the neoplastic counterparts of activated cytotoxic T‐cells (CTLs).Methods and results:Eight cases, clinically and histologically defined, were stained with monoclonal antibodies against components of the cytotoxic granules of CTLs, granzyme B and T‐cell restricted intracellular antigen (TIA‐1). It was found that all cases had a cytotoxic phenotype, i.e. expression of TIA‐1 in most of the tumour cells, whereas granzyme B was found in six of eight cases, mostly in a smaller number of tumour cells compared to TIA‐1. Since TIA‐1 and granzyme B are expressed at different stages of activation of CTLs it is hypothesized that differences in expression between granzyme B and TIA‐1 in EATCL represent different stages of activation in which the tumour cells are arrested. Clinically, seven of the eight patients died within 10 months after diagnosis of EATCL.Conclusions:EATCL is a clinicopathological entity with a grim prognosis and with tumour cells representing a unique neoplastic equivalent of CTLs arrested in varying stages of activation.
Erythrophagocytic tumour cells in melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: MONTEAGUDO C. , JORDÁ E. , CARDA C. , ILLUECA C. , PEYDRÓ A. , LLOMBART‐BOSCH A. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Erythrophagocytosis is a characteristic feature of tumour cells in malignant histiocytosis, some leukaemias, lymphomas, and also reactive histiocytes in the haemophagocytic syndrome associated with a variety of infections and neoplasms. It has also been found exceptionally in metastatic malignant epithelial cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes. We present two cases, a cutaneous malignant melanoma and an acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma, in which erythrophagocytosis by tumour cells was demonstrable by both light and electron microscopy.Methods and results:The melanocytic and squamous nature of these cells was supported by the immunohistochemical detection of HMB45, S100, and NKI‐C3 in the former, and cytokeratin and EMA in the latter, and at ultrastructural level by the presence of melanosomes and tonofilaments, respectively.Conclusions:This is, to our knowledge, the first documented report of erythrophagocytic tumour cells in human melanomas and primary carcinomas. Biological considerations apart, this unusual feature can prove to be of value to avoid a misdiagnosis of a variety of haematopoietic malignancies.
Primary alveolar soft‐part sarcoma of the mediastinum: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of two cases
Authors: FLIEDER D.B. , MORAN C.A. , SUSTER S. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:Primary alveolar soft part sarcomas originating within the thoracic cavity are rare. The cases herein described highlight the ubiquitous distribution of this neoplasm and the importance of considering this tumour in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumours.Methods and results:Two cases of alveolar soft‐part sarcoma of the mediastinum are presented. The patients are two men of 22 and 23 years of age. Clinically, the patients presented with symptoms of chest pain. One tumour was in the anterior mediastinum while the second tumour was in the posterior mediastinum. Even though the bulk of the tumours were in mediastinal locations, both patients had pulmonary metastases at the time of diagnosis. Histologically, both tumours showed the classic morphology of alveolar soft part sarcoma, i.e. a proliferation of large polygonal cells with round to oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm arranged in a prominent alveolar pattern. Periodic acid–Schiff stains showed the characteristic diastase‐resistant intracytoplasmic crystals. Immunohistochemical studies showed focal myoglobin reactivity in one case, while cytokeratin, vimentin, S100 protein, chromogranin, synaptophysin, neurofilaments, leu‐enkephalin, desmin, smooth muscle actin and muscle‐specific actin were negative in both cases. The patient with the anterior mediastinal tumour died of disease 14 months after diagnosis, and the patient with the posterior mediastinal mass remained well for at least 15 years and was later lost to follow‐up.Conclusions:As has been observed in other anatomic areas, namely soft tissues, alveolar soft part sarcomas may follow an uncertain natural history. Interestingly, in our cases, the tumour in the anterior mediastinum followed a fatal course raising the possibility that the anatomic location of the tumour may have play a role in the behaviour of the tumour.
Multinucleated stromal giant cells of testis
Authors: COYNE J.D. , DERVAN P.A. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:This study documents the frequency of multinucleated stromal giant cells within the interstitium of the testis and looks for possible aetiological reasons for this occurrence.Materials and methods:We examined sections of testes from 150 unselected autopsy cases finding stromal giant cells in 43%. An aetiological association between the occurrence of multinucleated stromal giant cells in this site and hormonal or other pathogenetic influences could not be established.Conclusions:In many instances, this occurrence appears to be an age related phenomenon.
Hepatic stem‐like cells in hepatoblastoma: expression of cytokeratin 7, albumin and oval cell associated antigens detected by OV‐1 and OV‐6
Authors: RUCK P. , XIAO J.‐C. , PIETSCH T. , VON SCHWEINITZ D. , KAISERLING E. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:In a recent study we described a population of small epithelial cells (SEC) in human hepatoblastoma that exhibit ultrastructural features of the oval cells of rodents. Both SEC and oval cells are immunoreactive for cytokeratin 7, a marker of biliary differentiation, and it was postulated that SEC, like oval cells, are closely related to hepatic stem cells. This study was undertaken to investigate whether SEC also exhibit immunolabelling for albumin, a marker of hepatocytic differentiation, and to determine whether other antigens typical of oval cells are detectable in hepatoblastoma.Methods and results:Hepatoblastomas of various subtypes were investigated by electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry with the monoclonal antibodies OV‐1 and OV‐6, which recognize antigens associated with oval cells. Double‐labelling for cytokeratin 7 and albumin was carried out by immuno‐electron microscopy. OV‐1 stained scattered cells in seven of 12 tumours investigated and OV‐6 in nine. On immunoelectron‐microscopic investigation, SEC exhibited labelling for both cytokeratin 7 and albumin.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that antigens associated with oval cells are found in certain cells in hepatoblastoma. SEC, like oval cells, co‐express markers for hepatocytic and biliary differentiation. The findings further support the hypothesis that SEC are closely related to the putative bipotent hepatic stem cell, which, by definition, gives rise to both hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells.
CD44 expression is up‐regulated in the deep zone of osteoarthritic cartilage from human femoral heads
Authors: OSTERGAARD K. , SALTER D.M. , ANDERSEN C.B. , PETERSEN J. , BENDTZEN K. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:The objective of this study was to detail the topographical and zonal distribution of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage.Methods and results:Immunohistochemistry utilizing well characterized anti‐CD44 antibodies (clones A3D8, Bric 235, 2C5) was performed on cryostat and paraffin sections of human articular cartilage from macroscopically normal (n = 18) and osteoarthritic (n = 11) femoral heads. Samples for cryostat sections were obtained from 12 topographically different sites. Sections were divided into zones (superficial, middle, deep) and the CD44 staining scored. Chondrocytes in normal articular cartilage and cartilage from osteoarthritic femoral heads stained positive for CD44 in both cryostat and paraffin sections. Normal cartilage showed a significant decrease in CD44 staining in the deep zone as compared to the superficial zone (P < 0.05). However, cryostat sections of residual cartilage from osteoarthritic femoral heads showed increased CD44 staining in the deep zone as compared to normal articular cartilage. The CD44 staining showed no topographical variation in either the normal cartilage or the osteoarthritic residual cartilage.Conclusions:CD44 expression displays a distinct zonal variation in normal articular cartilage which is lost in osteoarthritic cartilage due to an up‐regulated expression in the deep zone. CD44 expression does not exhibit topographical variation.
Reproducible and highly sensitive detection of the broad spectrum epithelial marker keratin 19 in routine cancer diagnosis
Authors: KWASPEN F.H.L. , SMEDTS F.M.M. , BROOS A. , BULTEN H. , DEBIE W.M.H. , RAMAEKERS F.C.S. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:In this study the recently developed keratin 19 antibody RCK108 is biochemically and immunohistochemically characterized. Its applicability as a keratin marker in routinely processed histological tissue specimens is assessed.Methods and results:The keratin 19 antibody RCK108 antibody was tested on normal and malignant routinely formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens. It stains most, although not all, glandular epithelia and showed (focal) reactivity in the basal cell compartment of stratified epithelia. It was found to react with most epithelial tumours, including adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and endocrine tumours of various origins.Conclusions:Its reproducible and highly sensitive staining characteristics make RCK108 a useful antibody to be applied as a broad epithelial marker for carcinoma detection in routinely processed paraffin sections. As such, RCK108 is a specific reagent for practically all epithelial tumours. A few types of epithelial malignancies, known not to contain keratin 19, were negative for RCK108. Therefore the antibody is also useful in some narrow differential diagnostic considerations such as cholangiocellular carcinoma (RCK108 positive) vs. hepatocellular carcinoma (RCK108 negative). Another important feature of this antibody is that it shows very little reactivity in mesenchymal tissues, or mesenchymally derived tumours, as is frequently described for other keratin antibodies. A few leiomyosarcomas showed sporadic reactivity.
bcl‐2 and p53 immunophenotypes in pre‐invasive, early and advanced oesophageal squamous cancer
Authors: PARENTI A.R. , RUGGE M. , HORNG SHIAO Y. , RUOL A. , ANCONA E. , BOZZOLA L. , NINFO V. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:An inverse correlation between bcl‐2 and p53 expression has been reported in several types of epithelial tumour. The role of bcl‐2 and p53 in the development of oesophageal squamous carcinoma has yet to be established. The expression of bcl‐2 and p53 proteins has been evaluated in the multistage oesophageal tumorigenesis, which progresses from normal mucosa to dysplasia (squamous intraepithelial lesion, SIL), to invasive early and advanced oesophageal squamous cancer.Methods and results:Sixty‐four cases of squamous oesophageal cancer, coexisting with SIL in 18 cases, were immunohistochemically analysed for any overexpression of bcl‐2 and p53 proteins. Any association of bcl‐2 and p53 protein expression with patient survival was also analysed. We observed bcl‐2 expression that decreased significantly during the progression of oesophageal carcinogenesis. A decreasing frequency in the expression of bcl‐2 in advanced oesophageal squamous cancer coincided with frequent p53 overexpression. bcl‐2 expression was correlated with patient survival by univariate analysis. The association disappeared after adjusting for tumour stage. p53 overexpression showed no association with patient survival by either univariate or multivariate analysis.Conclusions:The down‐regulation of bcl‐2 and up‐regulation of p53 in advanced oesophageal squamous cancer suggest that bcl‐2 and p53 proteins may interact in the progression of oesophageal squamous cancer.
Immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and epidermal growth factor receptor in human breast carcinoma analysed by computer image analyser: correlation with histological grade and metastatic behaviour
Authors: OKAMURA K. , KOBAYASHI I. , MATSUO K. , KIYOSHIMA T. , YAMAMOTO K. , MIYOSHI A. , SAKAI H. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical localization of cathepsin D (CD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) in 65 cases of breast carcinoma in Japanese women and traditional prognostic factors such as histological grade, lymph node status, mitotic rate and clinical stage, in order to possibly identify some indicator(s) that may be specifically associated with prognosis.Methods and results:Serial sections of 5‐μm thick were cut from the archival formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue blocks, and processed for CD, PCNA and EGF‐R immunostaining. The results were analysed by computer‐based image analysis system. All samples showed a positive immunoreaction for cathepsin D in both the parenchyma and stroma. However, the staining area and intensity varied from cell to cell in the parenchyma and stroma as well as among samples. Subsequently, the evaluation of immunostaining for CD was separately performed in both the parenchyma and stroma (CDpar and CDstr, respectively) and the combination of both components (CDtotal). PCNA and EGF‐R showed positive immunostaining almost exclusively in the parenchymal component of the carcinoma tissue specimens. CDtotal significantly correlated with the histological grade, PCNA index (PI), mitotic rate (MR), EGF‐R and lymph node metastasis. Significant correlation was also demonstrated between CDpar and the histological grade, EGF‐R and lymph node metastasis, or between CDstr and MR, EGF‐R and lymph node metastasis. EGF‐R correlated highly with the histological grade, MR score, lymph node metastases and recurrence‐free survival.Conclusions:Both the CD parameters and EGF‐R are valuable indicators for predicting the biological behaviour of human breast carcinoma.
Value of thrombomodulin immunostaining in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma: a comparative study with carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: ORDÓÑEZ N.G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a surface glycoprotein involved in the regulation of intravascular coagulation that has been reported to be expressed in a variety of tumours. We investigated TM expression in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and compared the value of TM immunostaining with that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for differentiating TCC from other tumours with which it may be confused.Methods and results:Immunostaining was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections using the avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex method. TM immunoreactivity was observed in 80 of 91 primary (51/58 urinary bladder, 10/12 renal pelvis, 3/3 ureter, 15/15 prostate, 1/3 ovary), and 18 of 20 metastatic TCCs expressed this marker. Only 37 of the 91 primary (23/58 urinary bladder, 4/12 renal pelvis, 1/3 ureter, 9/15 prostate, 0/3 ovary) and six of the 20 metastatic TCCs reacted for CEA. In order to evaluate the practical utility of TM immunostaining in surgical pathology, 30 adenocarcinomas of the prostate, 18 of the bladder, 12 of the colon, and 22 renal cell carcinomas were also stained for these markers. CEA reactivity was obtained in 12 of 30 adenocarcinomas of the prostate, 12 of 18 of the bladder, and 12 of 12 of the colon, but in none of the 22 renal cell carcinomas. Only three of the 18 adenocarcinomas of the bladder showed focal TM reactivity, but no staining for this marker was observed in any of the other types of tumours.Conclusions:TM is a more sensitive marker than CEA for TCC and, because it has a more restricted reactivity with other tumours, TM has more practical value in separating TCCs from adenocarcinomas of the prostate, colon and bladder, and renal cell carcinomas than CEA.
Immunophenotypic heterogeneity of hyalinizing trabecular tumours of the thyroid
Authors: PAPOTTI M. , RIELLA P. , MONTEMURRO F. , PIETRIBIASI F. , BUSSOLATI G. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:We studied 12 cases of hyalinizing trabecular tumour of the thyroid gland (HTT) with the aim of reviewing the cytological, histological and immunophenotypic features and of investigating the relationships of HTT with other thyroid neoplasms.Methods and results:Eleven patients were female and one male, aged 8–74 years (median 58). Ten cases had a benign behaviour, while two cases were locally aggressive. Of the latter, one developed distant metastases and the other is a recent case. All patients are alive 6–311 months after diagnosis. Cytologically, HTT was characterized by hypercellular smears with aggregates of roundish cells having features of papillary carcinoma (nuclear grooves, vacuoles) and fragments of fibrous tissue. Histologically, prominent nesting, trabecular growth patterns and a hyaline stroma (partly positive for laminin and collagen type IV) were found. One case was associated with a papillary microcarcinoma. Two additional cases had extensive areas of papillary carcinoma. In one of these, hyalinized papillary stalks were observed. All tumours contained thyroglobulin but not calcitonin. High molecular weight cytokeratin (a marker of papillary carcinoma) was focally positive in 4/12 cases only and thyroperoxidase (a marker of follicular adenomas, but not of papillary carcinoma) was found in 3/12 cases.Conclusions:The immunophenotypic profile and the morphological features suggest that HTTs are an heterogeneous group of tumours, some of them probably representing variants of papillary carcinoma with hyalinized stroma.
Apoptosis occurs more frequently in intraductal carcinoma than in infiltrating duct carcinoma of human breast cancer and correlates with altered p53 expression: detected by terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl‐transferase‐mediated dUTP‐FITC nick end labelling (TUNEL)
Authors: HARN H.‐J. , SHEN K.L. , YUEH K.C. , HO L.I. , YU J.C. , CHIU S.C. , LEE W.H. 
Published: November 2003

Aims:We examined the relationship between apoptosis and three different major stages of human breast carcinoma: intraductal carcinoma (DCIS), infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) and metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes. We also determined the correlation between apoptosis and oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and p53.Methods and results:The study investigates the extent of apoptosis in 63 breast carcinomas by in‐situ end‐labelling, in formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐processed tissue sections. The 63 breast carcinomas, included 22 DCISs, 26 IDCs, three infiltrating lobular carcinomas (ILC) and 12 metastatic lymph nodes. The apoptotic labelling index was higher in DCIS than IDC and metastatic carcinoma (P < 0.001, P < 0.007, respectively). By immunohistochemistry, we also analysed p53, ER and PR. Apoptosis correlated significantly with p53 (r = 0.748, P = 0.0004) in IDC. Also, ER correlated significantly with PR (r = 0.629, P = 0.00001). No apparent correlation was found between the apoptosis and ER or PR.Conclusion:Our data suggest that not only does apoptosis differ between intraductal carcinoma and infiltrating carcinoma but also it might be regulated by altered p53 expression.
The phylogenetic relationshipsof seven European Ips (Scolytidae, Ipinae) species
Authors: Stauffer C. , Lakatos F. , Hewitt G. M. 
Published: November 2003

In Central Europe seven Ips species are characterized by differences in morphology, structure of galleries, host specificity and aggressiveness. These species were analysed by allozyme markers and by sequencing 567 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, in order to define their phylogenetic relationships. Orthotomicus erosus and Tomicus minor were taken as outgroup species. The data revealed high inter‐specific and low intra‐specific sequence divergence. Plotting the observed sequence divergence caused by transversions (Tv) and transitions (Ts) and the level of saturation for Ts and Tv of each codon position showed that the third positions were highly saturated by multiple substitutions. Maximum parsimony analysis produced two groups: (1) I. typographus, I. cembrae, I. amitinus, I. duplicatus and I. acuminatus; (2) I. mannsfeldi, I. sexdentatus and the two outgroups. In all analyses the species of the first cluster were put together and I. typographus and I. cembrae, and I. mannsfeldi and O. erosus emerged as sister pairs.The data do not support a common ancestor for the seven European Ips species. The eight‐spined bark beetles (except I. mannsfeldi) and I. acuminatus formed a monophyletic group. The close relationship of I. mannsfeldi and O. erosus supports the latter belonging to the genus Ips as proposed by Wood (1982) and Escherich (1923). However, more genetic markers and more species of the genera Orthotomicus and Pityokteines have to be analysed to resolve the phylogenetic positions of I. sexdentatus and I. mannsfeldi within the tribe Ipini.
An in‐vitro evaluation of sealer placement methods
Authors: KAHN F. H. , ROSENBERG P. A. , SCHERTZER L. , KORTHALS G. , NGUYEN P. N. T. 
Published: November 2003

SummarySuccessful root canal therapy is dependent upon obturating the root canal system. A critical component of the filling procedure is sealer placement. This in vitro study investigated the efficacy of six methods of sealer placement using clear plastic blocks with simulated curved canals instrumented to the apex using a stepback technique. After sealer placement and setting, the blocks were cross‐sectioned at 2 mm intervals from midcanal to apex. The sections were evaluated with a stereo operating microscope at × 6 magnification for placement of an evently distibuted layer of sealer around the prepared canal walls. The lentulo spiral and the Max‐i‐Probe Delivery System were the most effective means of sealer placement, followed by ultrasonic and sonic files. The least effective methods were the paper point and the K file.