bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The translocon protein FtsHi1 is an ATP‐dependent DNA/RNA helicase that prevents R‐loop accumulation in chloroplasts
Authors: Chai Xin , Wang Xiushun , Rong Liwei , Luo Manfei , Yuan Li , Li Qiuxin , He Baoye , Jiang Jingjing , Ji Daili , Ouyang Min , Lu Qingtao , Zhang Lixin , Rochaix Jean‐David , Chi Wei 
Published: December 2023

Summary

R‐loops, three‐stranded nucleic acid structures consisting of a DNA: RNA hybrid and displaced single‐stranded DNA, play critical roles in gene expression and genome stability. How R‐loop homeostasis is integrated into chloroplast gene expression remains largely unknown.

We found an unexpected function of FtsHi1, an inner envelope membrane‐bound AAA‐ATPase in chloroplast R‐loop homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Previously, this protein was shown to function as a component of the import motor complex for nuclear‐encoded chloroplast proteins. However, this study provides evidence that FtsHi1 is an ATP‐dependent helicase that efficiently unwinds both DNA–DNA and DNA–RNA duplexes, thereby preventing R‐loop accumulation. Over‐accumulation of R‐loops could impair chloroplast transcription but not necessarily genome integrity. The dual function of FtsHi1 in both protein import and chloroplast gene expression may be important to coordinate the biogenesis of nuclear‐ and chloroplast‐encoded subunits of multi‐protein photosynthetic complexes.

This study suggests a mechanical link between protein import and R‐loop homeostasis in chloroplasts of higher plants.
The pediatric anesthesiology publication activity and landscape over the past two decades: A longitudinal scientometric analysis
Authors: Miller Clemens , Dejaco Alexander , Gumz Nora , Nemeth Marcus 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundScientometric analyses characterize the output of research publications using quantitative methods. While it has been reported that the number of publications in anesthesiology has been increasing for years, the global research activity in pediatric anesthesiology and its landscape is largely unknown.AimsTo examine the activity, developmental dynamics, and collaboration landscape of research publications in pediatric anesthesiology over the past two decades.MethodsPubMed and WebOfScience were searched for pediatric anesthesiology publications published between 2001 and 2020. The identified publications were exported into a database, matched, curated, and then assigned to one or more countries according to their affiliation field(s). The primary outcome was the publication activity and its growth rate. Secondary outcomes included the geographical distribution, the evolution of international collaborations (as indicated by articles affiliated with more than one country), and the main sources.ResultsThirty‐four thousand, three hundred and forty‐three pediatric anesthesiology publications were retrieved. The compound annual growth rate over the study period was +7.6%. The highest annual growth rate was +20.6% from 2019 to 2020. Corresponding authors were most often affiliated with USA (32.5%), Germany (5.5%), and China (5.5%). China (+22.9%), Iran (+21.7%), and India (+16.1%) had the highest compound annual growth rates. 6001 (17.5%) articles involved international collaboration, with a compound annual growth rate of +13.1%. The most frequent collaboration was between USA and Canada (716 articles together). The most prominent source was Pediatric Anesthesia (10.0%).ConclusionsPublication activity in pediatric anesthesiology has increased from 2001 to 2020 and has become more geographically diverse. With the volume of international collaborations even outpacing this growth, it is hoped that this will gradually lead to a larger evidence base in pediatric anesthesia.
A potential approach toward the management of sepsis: The extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapy
Authors: Yildiz Abdullah Burak , Copur Sidar , Tanriover Cem , Yavuz Furkan , Vehbi Sezan , Hasbal Nuri Baris , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInfectious diseases are among the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients while systemic inflammatory response syndrome is primarily attributed to the imbalance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Despite the improvements in the antibiotherapy alternatives and diagnostic modalities, the morbidity and mortality rates of sepsis and septic shock are relatively high among patients admitted to the intensive care units. Extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapies are therapeutic approaches for such patient group with promising early results that especially have grown during COVID‐19 pandemic. In this narrative review, our aim is to evaluate the current pre‐clinical and clinical knowledge regarding the use of cytokine filtration systems among patients with septic shock.
Hold your fire! Influence of female legislators on gun legislation in the United States
Authors: Goel Rajeev K. , Nelson Michael A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis article considers the influence of female legislators on gun legislation across U.S. states. Females have behavioral differences with males and likely different exposure to gun‐related violence.MethodUsing data from 1991 to 2020, we estimate the drivers of gun legislation across U.S. states. The dependent variables are alternately the total number of gun laws enacted and 5‐year differences in gun laws.ResultsWe find that female legislators in state houses significantly increase the supply of gun laws. Female senators, on the other hand, were no different from their male counterparts. In other results, states with greater population density had more gun laws, while economic prosperity, race, and the elderly population did not generally have significant effects. Finally, when special interest aspects, involving gun ownership, mass shooting episodes, and states with single‐party control of the legislative and executive branches are considered, mass shootings and single‐party control increase laws, while gun owners have the opposite effect. These findings show significance when 5‐year differences in gun laws are used.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that when it comes to gun legislation and female legislator representation, it matters which chamber of the legislature females are elected to. Furthermore, different interest groups can significantly bear upon gun legislation.
The personalization of the Likud in the era of Netanyahu
Authors: Kenig Ofer , Rahat Gideon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectiveUnder the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud—Israel's most successful political party in the past 50 years—transformed from a highly institutionalized leader party into a personal party. This study explores the personalization of Likud and its various manifestations and analyses the causes of this process and its consequences.MethodsA case study. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis.ResultsAlthough the Likud party leader's formal roles, powers, and authorities did not change significantly, many informal developments enhanced the firm grip Netanyahu held on the party. Netanyahu manipulated leadership contests, and they became uncompetitive; the party's internal institutions were almost nullified and became no more than a rubber stamp to Netanyahu's interests; and Likud's representatives in the Knesset were transformed into a group of submissive cheerleaders.ConclusionsWe conclude that essential, routinized procedures within Likud were abandoned in favor of personalization of decision making; the “value” of the party organization was replaced with that of a single leader as perceived by important internal party actors and the electorate; and that other parties perceived Likud as personalized. On all fronts, the Likud underwent a personalization process. Moreover, the personalization of Likud, the ruling party, contributed to Israel's democratic backsliding.
Homoharringtonine induces apoptosis of mammary carcinoma cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xue , Mei Chen , Liang Zhixuan , Zhi Yan , Xu Haojun , Wang Hongjun , Dong Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMammary tumour is the most common type of tumour in dogs, especially in unneutered female dogs. Homoharringtonine (HHT) is a natural alkaloid that can be used to treat various types of human tumour. However, the inhibitory effect and mechanism of HHT on canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of HHT on CMC in vitro and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. The effects of HHT on the cytotoxicity of CMC U27 cells were evaluated by the cell counting kit‐8, wound healing, and Transwell assays. HHT‐induced apoptosis of U27 cells was detected by JC‐1 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the gene expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) and Bcl‐2 associated X protein (Bax) were analysed using quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), and the protein expression of protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) and mitochondrial apoptosis proteins were determined by western blotting. Furthermore, mammary tumour‐bearing mouse models were established using 4T1 cells to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HHT. It was found that HHT could significantly down‐regulated the protein expression of p‐AKT, p‐mTOR, and Bcl‐2, and up‐regulated the protein expression of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved caspase‐9. In addition, HHT significantly suppressed both tumour volume and mass in mammary tumour mice. In conclusion, HHT damages CMC cells by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis. Such findings lay a theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of CMC and provide more options for clinical medication.
Assessment of owner perceptions of caregiver burden, veterinarian–client relationship and satisfaction with the provider in canine pruritus: An experimental vignette study
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Martin John , Updegraff John , Hillier Andrew , Gober Margaret 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundComplicated treatments for skin disease are linked to owner‐caregiver burden and poorer perception of the veterinarian–client relationship, regardless of disease severity.Hypotheses/ObjectivesUsing experimental vignettes, we explored the impact on owner perception of the interaction of treatment complexity and skin disease outcomes. We hypothesised that: (i) vignette conditions involving injection therapy would result in lower burden, better veterinary–client relationship and greater satisfaction relative to multimodal therapy conditions; (ii) the vignette condition of injection therapy with a completely effective outcome would be superior to all other conditions; (iii) ineffective vignette conditions would be inferior to all other conditions; and (iv) the vignette condition injection with a mostly effective outcome would be similar or superior to the multimodal therapy with a completely effective outcome condition.ParticipantsThree hundred and nine owners of pruritic dogs recruited from a general veterinary practice, pet‐related podcast, or social media dog allergy group.Materials and MethodsParticipants were presented with six counterbalanced online vignettes representing three levels of treatment effectiveness (Completely Effective, Mostly Effective, Ineffective) and two treatment regimens (Multimodal, Injection). Measurements of participant perceptions of caregiver burden, veterinarian–client relationship and satisfaction were recorded.ResultsInjection with perfect outcome was superior to other conditions (p < 0.001). Conditions with poor effectiveness were inferior (p < 0.001). Comparison of Injection with a mostly effective outcome to Multimodal treatment with perfect outcome yielded small‐to‐medium effects of preference for the latter in veterinarian–client relationship and satisfaction (p < 0.01); no difference was observed for caregiver burden. When good effectiveness was assured, injection was preferred (p < 0.001).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOwners preferred a Completely Effective outcome and were prepared to select the Injection regimen or Multimodal therapy to achieve this; Injection was preferred when effectiveness was assured.
The use of the evidence‐based practice process by experienced registered nurses to inform and transform clinical practice during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A longitudinal national cohort study
Authors: Rudman Ann , Boström Anne‐Marie , Wallin Lars , Gustavsson Petter , Ehrenberg Anna 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, many registered nurses (RNs) worked on the frontline caring for severely ill patients. They did so with limited knowledge of how to treat and prevent the disease. This extreme situation puts pressure on RNs to find evidence on which to base the care of their patients.AimsTo examine: (1) the extent to which evidence‐based practice (EBP) process was applied by Swedish RN cohorts 15–19 years after graduation during the pandemic, (2) whether there was any change to their EBP process from pre‐pandemic to late pandemic, (3) the relationship between RNs' use of the EBP process and the duration of exposure to work situations severely affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic, and (4) whether level of education, position and care setting were associated with the extent of RNs' EBP process.MethodsIn 2021, the level of EBP activities was investigated among 2237 RNs 15–19 years after graduation. The scale used to measure EBP consisted of six items of the EBP process. Unpaired t‐tests or one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the analysis.ResultsRNs used the EBP process to a moderate extent to inform and transform their clinical practice. There was a minor but significant decrease in practicing the EBP process from pre‐pandemic to late in the pandemic. RNs who were most affected by the pandemic scored higher on the scale than less‐affected colleagues. RNs in nonclinical positions reported more EBP activities, as did RNs in management positions. RNs working in outpatient settings reported more EBP activities than their colleagues in hospitals.Linking Evidence to ActionIt is imperative that RNs hone their skills in EBP if they are to be prepared for future healthcare crises. Healthcare providers have a duty to facilitate the development of EBP and, in this regard, RNs in clinical positions in hospitals need particular support.
The effect of a mindfulness‐based intervention on stress overload, depression, and mindfulness among nurses: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alfurjani Aida M. , Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A. , Alhawatmeh Hossam N. , Hall Lynne A. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundNurses experience various health‐related issues due to the nature of their work.AimThis study aimed to examine the effect of a mindfulness‐based intervention on stress overload, depression and mindfulness among nurses. A secondary objective was to examine the role of the setting (i.e., in and out of the hospital as a natural setting) on mindfulness‐based intervention effectiveness.MethodsA randomized controlled trial with three groups' pretest–posttest design was used in this study. A total of 195 nurses were recruited—65 intervention‐inside hospital, 60 intervention‐outside hospital, and 63 control. The mindfulness‐based intervention was delivered by a certified mindfulness practitioner over 4 weeks in Jordan. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire, the Stress Overload Scale Short, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale‐Revised, and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed a statistically significant effect of the intervention on the linear combination of the dependent variables V = 0.44, F[6, 368] = 17.56, p < .001. Follow‐up analyses showed that a mindfulness‐based intervention significantly decreased stress overload, depression, and increased mindfulness levels among nurses in intervention groups compared with the control group. In addition, conducting a mindfulness‐based intervention outside the hospital has a better effect on mindfulness levels than the inside hospital.Linking Evidence to ActionThe effect of a mindfulness‐based intervention on stress overload, depression, and mindfulness should be considered when planning for nurses' well‐being and the quality of care provided. Nurse managers are encouraged to use the study's findings to promote nurses' well‐being.
SMT-738: a novel small-molecule inhibitor of bacterial lipoprotein transport targeting Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Breidenstein E. B. M. , Khan N. , Duffy T. , Coward C. , Avis T. , Abdulle O. , Li C.-M. , Mason C. S. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CREs) are described by the Centers for Disease Control as an urgent threat, and there is a critical need for new therapeutic agents able to treat infections caused by these pathogens. Herein, we describe the microbiological profile, the mechanism f action, and the
in vitro
safety as well as the pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD profile of SMT-738, a small molecule belonging to a new chemical class. SMT-738 is active against Enterobacterales [including multi-drug-resistant
Escherichia coli
with 90% of isolates having a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC
90
) of 1 µg/mL and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
2 µg/mL] and inactive against a broad panel of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. SMT-738 displays rapid bactericidal activity (2–4 h) and has a low propensity for resistance development (less than ~10
−9
). Characterization of resistant mutants following exposure to SMT-738 identified mutations within the lipoprotein transport complex (LolCDE), a clinically unexploited and essential bacterial molecular target in Gram-negative bacteria. SMT-738 has a promising
in vitro
toxicology profile. Furthermore, PK studies demonstrated that when dosed intravenously, SMT-738 maintained exposure levels across infection sites (bloodstream/urinary tract/lung). Proof-of-concept studies across multiple murine
in vivo
infection models (bloodstream/pneumonia/urinary tract) demonstrated that SMT-738 significantly reduced the bacterial burden compared to baseline and vehicle control. SMT-738 represents a promising novel drug candidate being developed to address clinically challenging serious life-threatening infections caused by highly resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
including CRE.
Seasonal trends in lysogeny in an Appalachian oak-hickory forest soil
Authors: Jacoby Melaina L. , Hogg Graham D. , Assaad Madeleine R. , Williamson Kurt E. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Since 1989, investigations into viral ecology have revealed how bacteriophages can influence microbial dynamics within ecosystems at global scales. Most of the information we know about temperate phages, which can integrate themselves into the host genome and remain dormant via a process called lysogeny, has come from research in aquatic ecosystems. Soil environments remain under-studied, and more research is necessary to fully understand the range of impacts phage infections have on the soil bacteria they infect. The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of different prophage-inducing agents and to elucidate potential temporal trends in lysogeny within a soil bacterial community. In addition to mitomycin C and acyl-homoserine lactones, our results indicated that halosulfuron methyl herbicides may also be potent inducing agents. In optimizing chemical induction assays, we determined that taking steps to reduce background virus particles and starve cells was critical in obtaining consistent results. A clear seasonal trend in inducible lysogeny was observed in an Appalachian oak-hickory forest soil. The average monthly air temperature was negatively correlated with inducible fraction and burst size, supporting the idea that lysogeny provides a mechanism for phage persistence when temperatures are low and host metabolism is slower. Furthermore, the inducible fraction was negatively correlated with both soil bacterial and soil viral abundance, supporting the idea that lysogeny provides a mechanism for temperate phage persistence when host density is lower. The present study is the first of its kind to reveal clear seasonal trends in inducible lysogeny in any soil.

IMPORTANCE
Lysogeny is a relationship in which certain viruses that infect bacteria (phages) may exist within their bacterial host cell as a segment of nucleic acid. In this state, the phage genome is protected from environmental damage and retains the potential to generate progeny particles in the future. It is thought that lysogeny provides a mechanism for long-term persistence for phages when host density is low or hosts are starved—two conditions likely to be found in soils. In the present study, we provide the first known evidence for a seasonal trend in lysogeny in a forest soil. Based on clear relationships observed between lysogeny, temperature, and soil microbial abundance, we find support for previous hypotheses regarding the factors governing lysogeny.
RND multidrug efflux transporters: similar appearances, diverse actions
Authors: Pos Klaas Martinus 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

In a recent study by Inga V. Leus, Sean R. Roberts, Anhthu Trinh, Edward W. Yu, and Helen I. Zgurskaya (J Bacteriol, 2023,
https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00217-23
), it was found that the clinically relevant resistance–nodulation–cell division (RND)-type AdeABC antibiotic efflux pump from
Acinetobacter baumannii
exhibits close communication between its antibiotic binding sites. Alterations in one of them can have far-reaching impacts on the drug translocation pathway. These insights could reshape our understanding of RND-type efflux pump mechanisms.
Flankophile: a bioinformatic pipeline for prokaryotic genomic synteny analysis
Authors: Thorn Alix Vincent , Aarestrup Frank M. , Munk Patrick 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Analysis of flanking region sequences can be useful when comparing mobile prokaryotic sequences from different bacterial isolates or metagenomes. Here, we report a new bioinformatics tool, a pipeline called Flankophile, which can analyze flanking regions and sequence variants. The main feature of Flankophile is that it visualizes flanking region synteny and sequence variants in publication-ready plots with distance trees, gene annotations, and metadata. Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to human health, and surveillance of the spread of antimicrobial resistance is essential. The study of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) is an obvious use case for Flankophile due to the typically diverse genetic context of the genes. Flanking sequences offer a stronger epidemiological signal than the gene sequence alone. To demonstrate Flankophile, we applied it to 2,057 sequenced bacterial isolates and 273 metagenomes from humans and pigs in Denmark and compared the ARGs found in each host reservoir. Gene variant results showed that just ca. 4% of all unique ARG variants found (
N
= 1,052) were detected in samples from both humans and pigs. Flanking region analysis of ARG variants frequently detected in this study showed multiple examples of genes where the entire 3,000-base pair flanking region was identical in samples from both hosts but also cases where no overlap was observed, and the clustering showed a complete separation of the samples from pigs and the samples from humans.

IMPORTANCE
The Flankophile pipeline enables the analysis and visualization of flanking regions of prokaryotic sequences of interest on large data sets in one step and in a consistent manner. A specific tool for flanking region analysis with automated visualization has not been developed before, and Flankophile will make flanking region analysis easier and accessible to more people. Flankophile will be especially useful in the field of genomic epidemiology of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes. Here, information from flanking region sequences can be instrumental in rejecting or supporting the possibility of a recent common source of the same resistance gene found in different samples.