bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-Assisted Phonon Transport Modulation in Si/Ge Heterostructures Using Neuroevolution Potential Machine Learning Models
Authors: Yue Jincheng , Chen Rongkun , Ma Dengke , Hu Shiqian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reducing thermal boundary resistance (TBR) is critical for enhancing thermal management efficiency and optimizing the performance of electronic and thermoelectric devices. In this study, we employed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations using Neuroevolution Potential (NEP) machine learning models to investigate how embedding nanoparticles in Si/Ge heterostructures impacts TBR. Our results show a significant reduction in TBR, attributed to enhanced phonon density of states matching via resonance, promoting more efficient elastic phonon transport across the interface. However, this approach also leads to a substantial increase in bulk thermal resistance, highlighting a trade-off where overall heat dissipation is compromised. To address this, we propose an alternative strategy of positioning a nanoparticle directly at the interface to modulate interfacial modes, improving phonon transport efficiency without adversely affecting bulk thermal properties. NEMD simulations validate this approach, showing comparable TBR reduction while mitigating the bulk thermal resistance increase observed with the resonance-based embedding method. This study offers valuable insights into resolving interfacial heat dissipation challenges, providing a balanced strategy for optimizing thermal transport efficiency in nanoscale material systems.
Theoretical analysis and simulation verification for measuring the geometric distances between the silicon spheres with the laser interferometer in G measurement
Authors: Huang Tong , Liu Rui-Qi , Li Rui-Jie , Yang Ling-Ling , Zhang Yan-Jie , Mao Qiang-Bing , Li Qing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Newtonian gravitational constant G is one of the most fundamental constants in nature. In G measurement with the angular acceleration feedback method, the largest error comes from the distances between the geometric centers of the source masses. In the on-going experiment, the silicon spheres with a more homogeneous density are used as the source masses. Here a scheme of measuring the geometric distances between the silicon spheres with the laser interferometer is proposed. The measurement principle is analyzed, and the error sources, such as the laser, the sphere, the alignment of optical path, and the environment are evaluated. With this method, the horizontal and vertical geometric distances can be measured with uncertainties of 11 nm and 9 nm, respectively. The simulation is performed to verify the theoretical model of measuring the distance, where the maximum deviation between the simulation result and the theoretical one is only −2.7 nm. When the sphericities of the four silicon spheres are at the level of 0.1 µm, the uncertainty of each distance after considering the sphericity is about 0.1 µm, corresponds to a combined uncertainty of 0.6 ppm for G measurement with the angular acceleration feedback method. This provides an effective method to reduce the measurement uncertainty of geometric distance between the silicon spheres, and makes it possible to measure G with a higher precision.
Existence of structural, electronic and magnetic correlations in Sm2NiMnO6 double perovskite
Authors: Majumder Supriyo , Tripathi Malvika , de Souza D O , Sagdeo A , Olivi L , Singh M N , Pal S , Phase D M , Choudhary R J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coupling between different interactions allows the control of physical aspects in multifunctional materials by perturbing any degrees of freedom. Here, we aim to probe the correlation among structural, electronic, and magnetic observables in Sm2NiMnO6 (SNMO) ferromagnetic insulator double perovskite. Our employed methodology includes thermal evolution of x-ray diffraction, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and bulk magnetometry. The magnetic ordering in SNMO adopts two transitions, at T
C = 160 K due to the ferromagnetic arrangement of Ni–Mn sublattice and at T
d = 34 K because of anti-parallel alignment of polarized Sm paramagnetic moments with respect to Ni–Mn network. Signature of Ni/Mn anti-site disorders are evidenced from short-range structure and magnetization analysis. The long-range as well as short-range crystal structure of SNMO undergo changes across T
C and T
d, observed through temperature dependent variation in Ni/Mn–O bonding characters. Hybridization between Ni, Mn 3d, O 2p electronic states show changes in the vicinity of magnetic transition. The change in crystal environments governs the magnetic response by imposing alteration in metal—ligand orbital overlap. On the other hand, it is observed that application of electric bias causes monotonic reduction in the saturation magnetic moment. By using these experimental methods, we demonstrate how the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties are correlated in SNMO, which makes it a potential platform for technological usage.
Efficient feature fusion network for small objects detection of traffic signs based on cross-dimensional and dual-domain information
Authors: Tao Hongfeng , Huang Zuojun , Wang Yue , Qiu Jier , Vladimir Stojanovic 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The objectives in traffic sign detection and recognition scenario are predominantly small, which frequently result in missed and erroneous detection due to their limited information content and complex environment. To address these problems, this paper proposes a new network architecture cross-dimensional and dual-domain feature fusion-you only look once (CDFF-YOLO) which is integrated of various modules. For the purpose of overcoming the difficulty in extracting information from small objects, the Multi-dimension Spatial information Fusion module in the network are used to extract feature sequences at different dimensions by superposition. So as to address the issue of the loss of detail information of small objects, embed the Multi-branch Perceptual Attention module into the C2f module to capture feature information and enhance the global-local feature information exchange. In order to solve the issue of uneven illumination and occlusion in the detection scene. The DFF module is employed to transform and fuse the extracted small object feature information from the Space-to-depth convolution at the frequency and spatial domains, thereby enhancing the network’s capability to reconstruct and fuse feature information in dual-domains. The experimental data on the TT100K dataset demonstrate that the enhanced algorithm exhibits an increase of 3.7% in mAP@50, 4.8% in mAP@50:95, and a 4.5% and 3.7% rise in the average precision and average recall for small objects, respectively. Additionally, the frames per second remains 157. The improved algorithm also performs well on the CCTSDB dataset. It is evident that the CDFF-YOLO algorithm has the capacity to markedly enhance the detection efficacy of traffic signs, while maintaining optimal detection speed.
Integrated proprioceptive piezoelectric actuators for miniature robots and devices
Authors: Kabutz Heiko , Jayaram Kaushik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Piezoelectric motors have become a promising technology for the actuation of miniature robots. In this paper, we propose a novel integrated approach to measuring the deflection of piezoelectric actuators, by adding a thin film polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a dedicated sensor layer in a ceramic actuator laminate (PZT-5 H) to enable proprioception. We leverage our unique femtosecond laser micromachining process to pattern PVDF without altering its dielectric characteristics and validate this experimentally, including quantifying the changes with temperature and laser processing parameters, to develop a high-fidelity process for manufacturing proprioceptive actuators. The advantage of our approach lies in the requirement of minimal changes to the existing design process or fabrication workflow. To support the experimental results of actuator position tracking using the proposed approach, we derive first-principles-based theoretical expressions for modeling sensor and actuator functions and show that these predictions are in close alignment with experimental measurements. We then integrate the sensory actuators into a leg mechanism to demonstrate the use of proprioception capabilities for leg motion tracking, the detection of leg collisions with environmental obstacles and other surface interactions. Together, these experiments demonstrate the exciting potential of integrated proprioceptive sensing for robotic mechanisms by enabling servomotor-like functionality into traditional piezoelectric actuators, making them capable of closed-loop control in the near future. We conclude by examining possible limitations of this current method with potential mitigation strategies and emphasizing promising future prospects such as onboard closed-loop feedback control. We expect that the integration of PVDF sensors into actuators will enable the next generation of terrain-adaptive robots to adjust their movement to environmental changes, such as varying their gait in response to different ground surfaces.
A Neo-Aristotelian Approach to a Unified Theory of Physics
Authors: Kakkuri-Knuuttila Marja-Liisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The core task of this paper is to demonstrate the heuristic merits of the Aristotelian philosophy of science as compared with the strict empiricism in constructing and justifying a unified theory of physics. The impetus for the study was the question of whether the success of the Dynamic Universe (DU) theory as a candidate for such a unification could be explained by energy as its basic notion (Suntola, T. 2018a, 2018b, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024), while the other unificatory attempts (string theories, inflation theory, and loop quantum gravity), all based on the notion of force, appear to fail. DU’s reliance on Aristotle’s methodology of first principles and his potentiality-actuality metaphysics soon invited to explore DU’s Aristotelian presuppositions as an explanatory ground for its seeming success. A major weakness of empiricism is its rejection of metaphysical reflection, necessary for the revolutionary paradigm change in the unification project. While the empiricist negative stand towards metaphysics is based on its narrow conception of basis of knowledge and logical reasoning and the principle of methodological unity, Aristotelian solutions to these problems are difficult to refute. The Stagirite’s methodology of Saving the Appearances (SA), little known outside Aristotle scholarship, exposes ways of expanding the knowledge basis to make room for metaphysical knowledge. SA is valuable to our purposes here also by yielding a heuristic model for the discovery and justification of a unified theory of physics. Aristotle’s argument for the reality of potentiality in the form of an inference from a fact of life to its necessary presuppositions illustrates how to expand the empiricist premises-conclusion notion of logic. To specify the object of physics, the Aristotelian genus-species structure of reality exposes that the definition of the genus proximum constitutes the highest first principle of a theory. Applying Aristotle’s metaphysical notions of change and motion (dunamis, substance–attribute, matter-form), the genus proximum in DU turns out to be mass as prime substance, mass defined as the substance for the expression of energy. To conclude, I shall point to the need for modifying the Aristotelian metaphysical categories to allow room for the holism in DU. Having studied the heuristic principles underlying the DU theory, the paper contributes both to the emerging studies of the Meta-Empirical argument forms in physics and the recent Neo-Aristotelian approach in the philosophy of physics.
Empowering human-like walking with a bio-inspired gait controller for an under-actuated torque- driven human model
Authors: Amini Samane , Kardan Iman , Seth Ajay , Akbarzadeh Alireza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human gait simulation plays a crucial role in providing insights into various aspects of locomotion, such as diagnosing injuries and impairments, assessing abnormal gait patterns, and developing assistive and rehabilitation technologies. To achieve more realistic gait simulation results, it's essential to use a comprehensive model that accurately replicates the kinematics and kinetics of human movement. The human skeletal models in OpenSim software provide anatomically accurate and anthropomorphic structures, enabling users to create personalized models that accurately replicate individual human behavior. However, these torque-driven models encounter challenges in stabilizing unactuated degrees of freedom of pelvis tilt during forward dynamic simulations. Adopting a bio-inspired strategy that ensures human balance with a minimized energy expenditure during walking, this paper addresses a gait controller for a torque-deriven human skeletal model to achieve a stable walking. The proposed controller employs a nonlinear model-based approach to calculate a balance-equivalent control torque and utilizes the hip-ankle strategy to distribute this torque across the lower-limb joints during the stance phase. To optimize the parameters of the trajectory tracking controller and the balance distribution coefficients, we used a forward dynamic simulation interface established between MATLAB and OpenSim. The simulation results show that the torque-driven model achieves a natural gait, with joint torques closely aligning with the experimental data. The robustness of the bio-inspired gait controller is also assessed by applying a range of external forces on the skeletal model to investigate its response to disturbances. The robustness analysis demonstrates the quick and effective balance recovery mechanism of the proposed bio-inspired gait controller.
Fabrication of CoPcMWCNTs nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Balogun Sheriff A , Thole Dina , Teffu Daniel M , Masekela Daniel , Modibane Kwena D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The advancement of sophisticated materials for supercapacitors is essential for improving energy storage efficiency, especially in scenarios that demand high power density and extended cycle life. In this study, we synthesized CoPcMWCNTs nanocomposite and investigated its supercapacitive properties. The nanomaterials fabrication was successfully confirmed using EDX, XRD, SEM, FTIR, and UV–visible spectroscopy techniques. Electrochemical techniques such as galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to determine the power density, specific capacitance, cycling stability, and energy density of the fabricated materials. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of CoPc and fMWCNTs, the hybrid supercapacitor exhibited a lower charge transfer resistance (Rct) of 0.11 kΩ, high specific capacitance of 508.67 F cm−2, lower phase angle of 32°, high power density of 700 mW cm−2, and high energy density of 138.48 mWh cm−2. The findings emphasize the potential of CoPcMWCNTs nanocomposite for high-energy applications and long-term cycling performance, hence contributing to the advancement of next-generation supercapacitors.
High-rate continuous-variable measurement device-independent quantum key distribution with finite-size security
Authors: Hajomer Adnan A E , Andersen Ulrik L , Gehring Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Building scalable and secure quantum networks requires advanced quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that support multi-user connectivity. Continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD, which eliminates all detector side-channel attacks, is a promising candidate for creating various quantum network topologies-such as quantum access networks and star-type topologies-using standard technology and providing high secure key rates. However, its security has so far only been experimentally demonstrated in asymptotic regimes with limited secret key rates and complex experimental setups, limiting its practical applications. Here, we report an experimental validation of a CV MDI-QKD system, achieving a secure key rate of 2.6 Mbit s−1 against collective attacks in the finite-size regime over a 10 km fiber link. This is achieved using a new system design, incorporating a locally generated local oscillator, a new relay structure, a real-time phase locking system, and a well-designed digital-signal-processing pipeline for quantum state preparation and CV Bell measurements at a symbol rate of 20 MBaud. Our results set a new benchmark for secure key exchange and open the possibility of establishing high-performance CV MDI-QKD networks, paving the way toward a scalable quantum network.
Hybrid-Trefftz finite element model of smart doubly curved laminated composite shells
Authors: Ray M C , Dwibedi Subhasankar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel smart hybrid-Trefftz finite element (HTFE) model has been developed for the analysis of smart doubly curved (DC) laminated composite shells integrated with a

d

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macro fiber composite piezoelectric layer acting as the distributed actuator. The substrates of these smart shells include symmetric and antisymmetric spherical, paraboloid, and hyperboloid laminated shells. This HTFE model avoids the complex task of deriving the particular solutions for simultaneous governing partial differential equations (PDEs) of the element domain. The Trefftz functions here are constructed in straightforwardly manner from a finite number of free-field exact solutions of the homogeneous simultaneous governing PDEs of the element domain, without transforming them into a single governing equation. Exact solutions for the smart DC shells have also been derived here for validating the HTFE model. It is found that the HTFE model of smart DC shells accurately predicts the passive and active responses of the substrate DC laminated composite shells.
NMFProfiler: a multi-omics integration method for samples stratified in groups
Authors: Mercadié Aurélie , Gravier Éléonore , Josse Gwendal , Fournier Isabelle , Viodé Cécile , Vialaneix Nathalie , Brouard Céline 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
The development of high-throughput sequencing enabled the massive production of “omics” data for various applications in biology. By analyzing simultaneously paired datasets collected on the same samples, integrative statistical approaches allow researchers to get a global picture of such systems and to highlight existing relationships between various molecular types and levels. Here, we introduce NMFProfiler, an integrative supervised NMF that accounts for the stratification of samples into groups of biological interest.

Results
NMFProfiler was shown to successfully extract signatures characterizing groups with performances comparable to or better than state-of-the-art approaches. In particular, NMFProfiler was used in a clinical study on atopic dermatitis (AD) and to analyze a multi-omic cancer dataset. In the first case, it successfully identified signatures combining known AD protein biomarkers and novel transcriptomic biomarkers. In addition, it was also able to extract signatures significantly associated to cancer survival.

Availability and implementation
NMFProfiler is released as a Python package, NMFProfiler (v0.3.0), available on PyPI.
Biallelic variants in GTF3C3 encoding a subunit of the TFIIIC2 complex are associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes in humans and zebrafish
Authors: Abdel-Hamid Mohamed S , Paimboeuf Adeline , Zaki Maha S , Figueiredo Fernanda , Abdel-Ghafar Sherif F , Maher Sabrina , Friðriksdóttir Rún , Sulem Patrick , Högnason Hákon Björn , Hallgrímsdóttir Sigrún , Rojas Catarina Falleiros N , Kok Fernando , Suri Mohnish , Alves César Augusto P F , Houlden Henry , Maroofian Reza , Patten Shunmoogum A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
POLR3 (RNA polymerase III) transcribes essential non-coding RNAs, a process regulated by transcription factors TFIIIB and TFIIIC. Although germline variants in TFIIIC subunit genes have been described in a few patients with neurodevelopmental disorders, the associated pathogenesis and clinical spectrum are not yet well defined. Herein, we describe the identification of biallelic variants in GTF3C3, which encodes a key component of the TFIIIC subunit, in four patients from three unrelated families of different ethnicities collected through GeneMatcher. The patients exhibited microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and distinctive dysmorphic facies that appear recognizable in very young children. Their brain imaging showed brain atrophy with predominant cerebellar involvement, as well as hypoplasia of the frontal lobes and one patient had moderate to severe simplified gyral pattern. Seizures were observed in half of the patients. Exome/genome sequencing revealed four different GTF3C3 variants including three missense (p.Cys172Gly, p.Val427Phe, p.Ala509Thr) and one nonsense variant (p.Arg717Ter). Missense variants were not present in known genetic databases and occurred in highly conserved residues. Knockout (KO) of the GTF3C3 ortholog in zebrafish recapitulated the key clinical symptoms including microcephaly, brain anomalies, and seizure susceptibility. We also observed reduced POLR3 target gene expression in the zebrafish KO model. This study describes a new neurodevelopmental syndrome in humans and zebrafish associated with biallelic GTF3C3 variants and underscores the need for further research into the biological impacts of variants in TFIIIC-linked genes and their contribution to POLR3-related pathologies.
Endovascular management of a giant aortic arch aneurysm diverticulum: a case report
Authors: Sultan Sherif , Acharya Yogesh , Ibrahim Riyad , Parodi Juan Carlos , Wijns William , Soliman Osama 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Thoracic aortic diverticulum, or Kommerell’s aneurysm, is a developmental outpouching at the anteromedial aspect of the thoracic aorta, specifically at the site of the aortic isthmus, with an incidence of up to 9% in adults. It represents a notable anatomical variation that, over time, undergoes aneurysmal dilatation, posing the risk of rupture.

Case summary
We present a 66-year-old male initially referred with a 7.35 cm giant thoracic aortic arch diverticulum (TAD). It was initially discovered incidentally as a 2.1 cm type 3 Salomonowitz; however, it subsequently increased to 7.36 cm following the third COVID-19 infection with cytokine storm. He underwent a right-to-left carotid necklace C-shaped configuration cross-over bypass using an 8 mm ringed Dacron silver graft. Six weeks post-bypass, the patient underwent a successful repair of TAD using the NEXUS-Endospan-Artivion system (Artivion™, GA 30144, USA), employing a double inner branch to the innominate and left subclavian artery through a single groin approach. Postoperatively, he recovered fully without any neurological or cardiovascular issues with no signs of endoleaks, graft migration, or separation.

Discussion
The saccular nature of the aneurysm at the arch reveals a distinctive set of challenges, mainly the low wall shear stress, which exposes their malignant potential, emphasizing the crucial need for intervention, especially when surpassing the critical 30 mm threshold. This premiere marks a significant milestone by introducing the ‘IDEALIST’ Artivion/Endospan Nexus, which pioneers a total endovascular approach post-CE marking, ushering in a new era in aortic arch interventions.