bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolites Profile of Extracts and Fractions of Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth by UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS and its Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Hurtado‐Díaz Israel , Ramírez‐Cisneros M. Ángeles , Alvarez Laura , Sánchez‐Carranza Jessica Nayelli , Columba‐Palomares María Crystal , Silva‐Guzmán José Antonio , Cruz‐Sosa Francisco , Bernabé‐Antonio Antonio 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe present study shows the untargeted metabolite profiling and in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of the methanolic leaves extract (MLE) and methanolic stem extract (MSE) of Erythroxylum mexicanum, as well as the fractions from MSE. Using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS), a total of 70 metabolites were identified; mainly alkaloids in the MLE, while the MSE showed a high abundance of diterpenoids. The MSE fractions exhibited differential activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Notably, the hexane fraction (HSF) against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a bactericidal effect. The MSE fractions exhibited cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, with selectivity towards them compared to a noncancerous cell line. Particularly, the HSF and chloroform fraction (CSF) showed the highest cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC‐3) cells, with IC50 values of 19.9 and 18.1 μg/mL and selectivity indexes of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. Both the HSF and ethyl acetate (EASF) fractions of the MSE inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with NO production percentages of 50.0 % and 51.7 %, respectively, at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results indicated that E. mexicanum can be a source of antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti‐inflammatory metabolites.
A case report of torsion of the gravid uterus caused by pelvic adhesion
Authors: Kim Seokyung , Bae Hyun Ji , Lee Eun Ju , Kwak Dong Wook , In Yang Jeong 
Published: January 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn this case, a patient experienced rare uterine torsion during pregnancy, detected by MRI. Diagnosis before Cesarean is helpful to achieve better outcomes, highlighting the importance of attention in high‐risk groups.AbstractUterine torsion during pregnancy is a rare complication and its risk factors and diagnostic modalities have not yet been clearly defined. Here we present a case of uterine torsion due to unexpected pelvic adhesion. A 34‐years‐old primigravida patient underwent an emergency cesarean section for aggravated maternal preeclampsia symptoms at 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Intraoperatively, after the baby was out, it was found that the uterus was rotated about 90 degrees to the right by dense pelvic adhesion in posterior uterine wall. In this patient, a rightward vaginal stretch was represented through a retrospective review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before childbirth. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of uterine torsion during pregnancy with MRI. Diagnosing uterine torsion in advance or paying attention to incisions during operative delivery will lead to better management in this condition and good perinatal outcomes.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ofloxacin in Wastewater Using Mg‐Ni Co‐doped TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Malhotra Mitresh , Garg Alok , Rawat Manish 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the preparation and characterization of Mg‐Ni co‐doped TiO2 and its application in the degradation of the pharmaceutical ofloxacin (OFX) under solar irradiation. A wet impregnation method was used to prepare Mg‐Ni co‐doped TiO2. Characterization, optimization, and kinetic studies revealed that the doped TiO2 material is effective in degrading OFX, with potential applications in water treatment or environmental remediation processes. Ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated that the band gap of TiO2 was reduced due to doping with Mg and Ni. A reduced band gap can enhance the material's photocatalytic properties, which is important for its application in solar‐driven degradation processes. The catalyst dose and OFX concentration for the degradation process were optimized. A catalyst dose of 2 g L−1 and an OFX solution with a concentration of 40 ppm, maintained at pH 5, resulted in the highest degradation efficiency. The degradation process followed first‐order kinetics, suggesting that the rate of degradation increased with increasing doping.
Trifluoromethylated Lithium Borates as Electrolyte Salts for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries with High‐Voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Positive Electrodes
Authors: Takahashi Mikihiro , Mori Katsumasa , Katayama Yu , Tsutsumi Hiromori 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is a promising positive electrode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high working voltage; however, its practical application is hindered by the insufficient oxidation resistance of LIB electrolytes. In this study, we aimed to address this issue by evaluating two trifluoromethylated lithium borate compounds lithium difluoro (perfluoropinacolato) borate (PFP‐F2) and lithium difluoro(2‐hydroxy‐3,3,3,3′,3′,3′‐hexafluoroisobutylato) borate (HHIB‐F2) as electrolyte salts for high‐potential LIBs (4.8 V vs. Li/Li+) with LNMO positive electrodes. In full‐cell tests, the cyclability of LIBs containing these salts is superior (60 °C) to that of the cell with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as the reference electrolyte salt, which is ascribed to the formation of a positive electrode passivation layer that inhibits the oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte salt and solvent in the former case. Moreover, the oxidative decomposition of trifluoromethylated borates at 4.8 V affords a passivation layer on the negative electrode. Thus, the examined borates hold great promise for the commercialization of high‐energy‐density LNMO‐based LIBs, and the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the negative electrode resulting from the oxidative decomposition products of electrolyte salts is a promising new way to enhance the performance of high‐potential positive electrode LIBs beyond existing levels.
Functional and structural significance of the inner‐arm‐dynein subspecies d in ciliary motility
Authors: Yamamoto Ryosuke , Kon Takahide 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMotile cilia play various important physiological roles in eukaryotic organisms including cell motility and fertility. Inside motile cilia, large motor‐protein complexes called “ciliary dyneins” coordinate their activities and drive ciliary motility. The ciliary dyneins include the outer‐arm dyneins, the double‐headed inner‐arm dynein (IDA f/I1), and several single‐headed inner‐arm dyneins (IDAs a, b, c, d, e, and g). Among these single‐headed IDAs, one of the ciliary dyneins, IDA d, is of particular interest because of its unique properties and subunit composition. In addition, defects in this subspecies have recently been associated with several types of ciliopathies in humans, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and multiple morphologic abnormalities of the flagellum. In this mini‐review, we discuss the composition, structure, and motor properties of IDA d, which have been studied in the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and further discuss the relationship between IDA d and human ciliopathies. In addition, we provide future perspectives and discuss remaining questions regarding this intriguing dynein subspecies.
Epidemiology of cervical cancer in Iran in 2016: A nationwide study of incidence and regional variation
Authors: Anjam Majoumerd Alireza , Hosseini Saeed , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad Hossein , Roshandel Gholamreza , Rahmanian Vahid , Hazar Narjes 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is a common, and fatal cancer in women worldwide. This cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women after breast, colorectal, and lung cancer.AimsThis study aims to investigate the age‐standardized incidence rate (ASR) and the geographical distribution of Cervical Cancer in Iran.MethodsThis study was designed as a descriptive cross‐sectional investigation. The study sample comprised all individuals registered as cervical cancer patients in the National Cancer Registry system in 2016. The crude rate and ASR for each province were computed independently. Furthermore, we employed ArcMap10.5 software and geographic information system to conduct an analysis of the gathered data. In order to ascertain the spatial distribution and clustering of cervical cancer incidence, we utilized Moran's I, which measures spatial autocorrelation.ResultsWe studied a total of 808 cases of cervical cancer with a median age to be 52.19 years (IQR≈1.35). Among these cases, 685 (84.7%) were diagnosed based on the pathological reports with morphological verification, while 81 patients (10.1%) were clinically identified, and 42 cases (5.2%) were diagnosed using the death certificate‐only method. Squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 61% of all cases (n = 497). The ASR of cervical cancer in Iran was 1.90 per 100 000 populations. The provincial ASR ranged from 0.29 to 5.03 per 100 000, with the highest rates observed in Golestan (5.03), East Azerbaijan (4.07), and Ilam (3.72). We found no clustering patterns in the distribution of provincial crude, age‐specific, and age‐standardized incidence rates (p > .05).ConclusionThe incidence of cervical cancer in Iran was lower than the global average, and we did not identify any significant disparities in the incidence rates among the provinces. Although there were differences in incidence rates among the areas, these were not clustered. It is crucial to remember that cervical cancer is still a major public health issue in Iran, and in order to lessen the disease's burden, national initiatives to enhance screening, early identification, and access to efficient treatment should continue to be top priorities.
Model of collective violence—Structural and psychological antecedents of pogrom violence
Authors: Winiewski Mikołaj Henryk , Bulska Dominika 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a multidimensional approach to collective violence. Stemming from the literature on collective violence and intergroup relations, a sociostructural model is proposed, functionally connecting the structure of intergroup relations with the variety of collective violence. Three archival databases on anti‐Jewish pogroms in Poland and the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries are used to demonstrate the variability of types of pogrom violence and its relations with social structure. The results are discussed in light of various intergroup threat theories.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: A proof‐of‐concept for mechanisms of change and target engagement
Authors: Burton‐Murray Helen , Becker Kendra R. , Breithaupt Lauren , Gardner Elizabeth , Dreier Melissa J. , Stern Casey M. , Misra Madhusmita , Lawson Elizabeth A. , Ljótsson Brjánn , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive‐behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; CBT‐AR) theoretically targets three prototypic motivations (sensory sensitivity, lack of interest/low appetite, fear of aversive consequences), aligned with three modularized interventions. As an exploratory investigation, we: (1) evaluated change in candidate mechanisms in relationship to change in ARFID severity, and (2) tested if assignment (vs. not) to a module resulted in larger improvements in the corresponding mechanism.MethodMales and females (N = 42; 10–55 years) participated in an open trial of CBT‐AR.ResultsDecreases in scaled scores for each candidate mechanism had medium to large correlations with decreases in ARFID severity—sensory sensitivity: −0.7 decrease (r = .42, p = .01); lack of interest/low appetite: −0.3 decrease (r = .60, p < .0001); and fear of aversive consequences: −1.1 decrease (r = .33, p = .05). Linear mixed models revealed significant weekly improvements for each candidate mechanism across the full sample (ps < .0001). There were significant interactions for the sensory and fear of aversive consequences modules–for each, participants who received the corresponding module had significantly larger decreases in the candidate mechanism than those who did not receive the module.DiscussionSensory sensitivity and fear of aversive consequences improved more if the CBT‐AR module was received, but lack of interest/low appetite may improve regardless of receipt of the corresponding module. Future research is needed to test target engagement in CBT‐AR with adaptive treatment designs, and to identify valid and sensitive measures of candidate mechanisms.Public SignificanceThe mechanisms through which components of CBT‐AR work have yet to be elucidated. We conducted an exploratory investigation to test if assignment (vs. not) to a CBT‐AR module resulted in larger improvements in the corresponding prototypic ARFID motivation that the module intended to target. Measures of the sensory sensitivity and the fear of aversive consequences motivations improved more in those who received the corresponding treatment module, whereas the lack of interest/low appetite measure improved regardless of if the corresponding module was received.
Bryophytes enhance nitrogen content in decaying wood via biological interactions
Authors: Oishi Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAn increase in the nitrogen (N) content in coarse woody debris (CWD) facilitates its decomposition, affecting the cycling of N and other nutrients in forest ecosystems. Bryophytes may increase the N content by transferring the N in bryophyte tissues to the underlying CWD. This study examined whether and how bryophytes increase N content in the underlying CWD using N‐stable isotope ratios (δ15N) as tracers for N sources. The N content and δ15N values in CWD with bryophytes were significantly higher than those in CWD without bryophytes. However, the δ15N values in CWD with bryophytes differed significantly from those in bryophytes on CWD, demonstrating that the N in bryophytes did not cause the increase in N content in CWD. The analyses using δ15N further indicated that the high N content in CWD with bryophytes may be attributed to increased N supply from wood‐decomposing fungi and N‐fixing bacteria. This increase in N content may result from the enhanced moisture content in CWD beneath bryophytes, which facilitates the activity of wood‐decomposing fungi and N‐fixing bacteria. Notably, the influence of bryophytes on the N content in CWD differed between bryophyte life forms: bryophytes that form dense mats increased the N content in CWD, whereas those with loose mats decreased the N content. This difference can be explained by the greater humidity experienced by CWD with bryophytes forming dense mats than that experienced by CWD with bryophytes forming loose mats. Given that the N content in CWD affects the decay processes, the results highlight the importance of biological interactions associated with bryophytes in forest ecosystems.
The costs of chronic pain—Long‐term estimates
Authors: Stubhaug Audun , Hansen Johan Liseth , Hallberg Sara , Gustavsson Anders , Eggen Anne Elise , Nielsen Christopher Sivert 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is a condition with severe impact on many aspects of life, including work, functional ability and quality of life, thereby reducing physical, mental and social well‐being. Despite the high prevalence and burden of chronic pain, it has received disproportionally little attention in research and public policy and the societal costs of chronic pain remain largely unknown. This study aimed to describe the long‐term healthcare and work absence costs of individuals with and without self‐identified chronic pain.MethodsThe study population were participants in two Norwegian population health studies (HUNT3 and Tromsø6). Participants were defined as having chronic pain based on a self‐reported answer to a question on chronic pain in the health studies in 2008. Individuals in the study population were linked to four national register databases on healthcare resource use and work absence.ResultsIn our study, 36% (n = 63,782) self‐reported to have chronic pain and the average years of age was 56.6. The accumulated difference in costs between those with and without chronic pain from 2010 to 2016 was €55,003 (CI: 54,414–55,592) per individual. Extrapolating this to the entire population suggests that chronic pain imposes a yearly burden of 4% of GDP. Eighty per cent of the costs were estimated to be productivity loss.ConclusionInsights from this study can provide a greater understanding of the extent of healthcare use and productivity loss by those with chronic pain and serve as an important basis for improvements in rehabilitation and quality of care, and the education of the public on the burden of chronic pain.SignificanceThis was the first study to estimate the economic burden associated with chronic pain in the general population using linked individual‐level administrative data and self‐reported survey answers. We provide calculations showing that annual costs of chronic pain may be as high as €12 billion or 4% of GDP. Findings from this study highlight the need for a greater understanding of the substantial healthcare use and productivity losses among individuals with chronic pain.
Chemical modification of linoleic acid via catalytic epoxidation of corn oil: A sustainable approach
Authors: Kasmin Nur Daniesya , Azmi Intan Suhada , Nurherdiana Silvana Dwi , Yusof Fahmi Asyadi Md , Jalil Mohd Jumain 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEpoxidized corn oil is of great interest because they are derived from sustainable, renewable natural resources and are environmentally friendly. There is a lack of extensive research on optimizing process parameters for the epoxidation of corn oil, which serves as the raw material. In this study, the epoxidation of corn oil was carried out by reacting formic acid and hydrogen peroxide, employing an in situ peracids mechanism. The findings revealed that the optimal reaction conditions for producing epoxidized corn oil with the highest oxirane content were a catalyst type of sulfuric acid, reaction temperature of 35°C, a molar ratio of formic acid to linoleic acid of 1:1, and a molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to linoleic acid of 1.75:1. By employing these optimal conditions, the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane was achieved at 82%. After 100 iterations, the reaction rate constant based on optimized epoxidized corn oil production was obtained as follows:  = 0.13 mol L−1 min−1,  = 37.07 mol L−1 min−1, and  = 10.00 mol L−1 min−1. The findings validated the kinetic model by showing good agreement between the simulation and experimental data.
A review of recent control techniques of drooped inverter‐based AC microgrids
Authors: Issa Walid , Sharkh Sulieman , Abusara Mohammad 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs the penetration of distributed generation (DG) systems in the grid is increasing, the challenge of combining large numbers of DGs in the power systems has to be carefully clarified and managed. The control strategy and management concept of the interconnected systems should be flexible and reliable to handle the various types of DGs. This can be suitably met by microgrids. This paper introduces the microgrid structure and elements and states the main objectives that should be achieved by the microgrid controllers and each DG controller in both operation modes (grid‐connected and island mode). It also presents the challenges of having multiple DG units in a microgrid in terms of accurate power control/sharing, voltage and frequency regulation, power management between DGs, different renewable energy sources integration and deployment, seamless mode transfer, and the modeling issues. The centralized and decentralized control techniques as potential solutions have been discussed and compared by highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each. Furthermore, the recent control techniques for drooped alternating current microgrids and the main proposed solutions and contributions in the literature have been exposed to finally overcome the droop control limitations and obtain a flexible and smart distributed power system.
Child and adolescent foraging: New directions in evolutionary research
Authors: Pretelli Ilaria , Crittenden Alyssa N. , Dounias Edmond , Friant Sagan , Koster Jeremy , Kramer Karen L. , Mangola Shani M. , Saez Almudena Mari , Lew‐Levy Sheina 
Published: January 2024

AbstractYoung children and adolescents in subsistence societies forage for a wide range of resources. They often target child‐specific foods, they can be very successful foragers, and they share their produce widely within and outside of their nuclear family. At the same time, while foraging, they face risky situations and are exposed to diseases that can influence their immune development. However, children's foraging has largely been explained in light of their future (adult) behavior. Here, we reinterpret findings from human behavioral ecology, evolutionary medicine and cultural evolution to center foraging children's contributions to life history evolution, community resilience and immune development. We highlight the need to foreground immediate alongside delayed benefits and costs of foraging, including inclusive fitness benefits, when discussing children's food production from an evolutionary perspective. We conclude by recommending that researchers carefully consider children's social and ecological context, develop cross‐cultural perspectives, and incorporate children's foraging into Indigenous sovereignty discourse.
Bromelia longipedicellata and Bromelia stellata (Bromeliaceae): Two new species from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Monteiro Raquel Fernandes , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTwo new species of Bromelia L. (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae) endemic to the Amazon are described, increasing to 16 the number of species recorded from the Brazilian part of the biome. Bromelia longipedicelata is characterized by a lax inflorescence emerging from the leaf rosette, primary bracts ovate with entire margins, floral bracts linear‐lanceolate, shorter than the pedicel, flower 5.8–8 cm long, sepals elliptic and rounded, and petals ca. 60 mm long. Bromelia stellata has a floccose leaf sheath, inflorescence embedded in the leaf rosette, floral bract linear and completely tomentose, sepal linear‐elliptic, asymmetric, lepidote to pannose, and apex acute‐attenuate. Detailed descriptions, comparisons with similar species, illustrations, and comments on their etymologies, distributions, habitats, conservation status, and morphology are provided. An identification key to the Bromelia species of the Brazilian Amazonia is also presented.