bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial activity of Spirulina platensis on some pathogenic bacteria
Authors: N. H. Al-Asady Israa 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and Aim: Spirulina platensis is a planktonic filamentous cyanobacterium composed of discrete cellular units. Three types of Spirulina have garnered significant attention as possible medicinal agents. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial properties of extract from S. platensis against various bacterial strains.

Materials and Methods: The identification of S. platensis was accomplished by employing both microscopic techniques and genetic investigation of phycocyanin using cPCBA genes. PCR was employed to identify mcyE gene, which is responsible for the production of microcystin, a toxin of S. platensis. The antibacterial efficacy of the crude extract was applied against various pathogenic bacteria. The bioactivity compounds were identified by GC-MS spectrophotometry.

Results: GC mass analysis established the presence of 11 active compounds (N-Methoxy-N-methyl-acetamide, n-Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, Octanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexyl ester, Tridecanoic acid ethyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, Phytol 2-Hexadecen-1-ol, Tetracosane, and 8-Hexadecen-1-ol) in the methanolic crude extract. At varied doses, the hot methanolic crude extract exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial species tested with inhibition zones ranging from 5 to 20 mm.

Conclusion: The study findings demonstrates that the crude extract of Spirulina platensis to be a viable source for the synthesis of drugs that could be safely used as antimicrobials against pathogens.
Assessing the correlation between SNP rs1800795 genotypes to serum Interleukin- 6 levels among COVID-19 patients in Iraq
Authors: M. Utba Nawal , Adnan Abed Tamara , H. Abdulkarem Ali 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and Aim: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces very high-inflammatory responses which is a major cause of COVID-19 disease severity and death. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), among other patient proinflammatory cytokines, especially its genomic polymorphisms that affect the body's immune system, can influence the course of infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and COVID-19 disease in Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 100 Covid-19 infected patients (50 with moderate and 50 with severe infection), and 50 healthy individuals (controls) from Iraq. DNA isolated from blood samples of each participant was subjected to PCR amplification of the SNP rs1800795 fragment of the Interleukin- 6 gene, which was further genotyped for the -174 G/C polymorphism. Serum interleukin- 6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated to assess the correlation between the IL-6 levels and the SNP rs1800795 genotypes.

Results: The levels of IL-6 in sera of moderate and critical COVID-19 groups were significantly higher and increased with intensity of COVID-19 disease. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed the SNP rs1800795 genotypes (GG, GC, and CC) to remain constant in COVID-19 patients and controls. The study also showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for the IL-6 serum levels in association to the three genotypes.

Conclusion: SNP rs1800795 genotypes do not pose a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 in the Iraqi population. Increased age, on the other hand, could be considered a risk factor for COVID-19 outcomes. COVID-19 vaccination is highly efficient in preventing severe COVID-19 infection.
Knowledge, perception, and practice towards scientific research among undergraduate medical students
Authors: Motappa Rohith , R. Sanjay , Shetty Pratham , K. Sarvesh , M. Cristy , M. Sumith , Grishma  , Holla Ramesh 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and Aim: Healthcare practitioners must stay updated with recent advancements and integrate scientific insights into clinical decision-making for evidence-based medicine. Scientific research faces growing challenges in industrialized and developing nations. Medical professionals in developing countries encounter more obstacles in conducting and disseminating research. This study aims to assess medical undergraduates' awareness, attitudes, and barriers to participating in scientific research.

Materials and Methods: The study took place at Kasturba Medical College (MAHE), Mangalore, involving cross-sectional analysis of medical undergraduates in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of the MBBS program. Eligible participants received a questionnaire via Google Forms with explanatory instructions.

Results: Study participants averaged 21.08 years (standard deviation: 1.53), with ages ranging from 18 to 30. An overwhelming majority (80%) understood the research process well. Approximately 58% believed that scientific research should be mandatory in the medical curriculum. Nearly two-thirds agreed that engaging in scientific research enhances subject understanding. Most students (73.19%) saw the demanding course load as the primary deterrent to undergraduate research involvement, while 67.23% cited lack of time as the main obstacle.

Conclusion: Compared to early-stage students, those further along in their medical education displayed greater familiarity with research and a stronger inclination toward scientific research pursuits.
Exploring dental graduates' knowledge and attitudes towards maternal oral health and its relationship to maternal and child health
Authors: P. Nayak Prajna , Bhandary Meghna , John Merrin  Elza 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and Aim: Pregnancy is a critical period in women's lives and presents complex physiological changes that can influence oral health and vice versa. Integrating education on maternal oral health into dental curricula can help ensure comprehensive care for both pregnant women and their children by equipping dental graduates with the knowledge and skills to address the unique oral health challenges faced by expectant mothers. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes of graduating dental students regarding maternal oral health and its impact on both mothers and infants.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a dental college in southern India. 100 graduating dental students completed a structured questionnaire.

Results: 95% of students acknowledged the influence of maternal oral health on both mothers and infants, and 12% displayed a high level of knowledge. However, the average mean score obtained was 63.58% and knowledge gaps were observed in areas such as drug interactions, early childhood caries, and reducing oral bacterial load in expectant mothers. Despite this, 91% believed paediatric dentists should be part of perinatal care teams to promote maternal oral health awareness.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of education and integrating dental professionals in prenatal and antenatal care for improved oral health outcomes.
Role of Q-heterochromatin and thermal conductivity of the human body in the development of obesity
Authors: Akhunbaev Stalbek , Uzakov Orozaly , Vityala Yethindra 
Published: November 2023

Introduction and Aim: Obesity, commonly known as a complex multifactorial disease, has emerged as a significant medical and societal issue in recent decades. The objective of this study is to assess if there is a significant impact of Q-heterochromatin (Q-HR) and thermal conductivity (k) in the body on the risk of obesity.

Methods: This prospective analytical cohort study included 300 individuals from both genders aged 35.24 4.21 years who do not have oncological, hormonal, or other forms of diseases that predispose to morbid obesity.

Results: In obese individuals, the temperature distribution in the peripheral and central parts of the body has a high level of variability relative to the control. In the main group, Q HR has a clear gradient from 0 to 2, and the average numerical parameter is 1.21 0.11, which is more than twice as low as in the control group (2.94 0.14). In obese individuals, the chromatin concentration decreased with increasing temperature gradient (X2 = -16.8; p0.001).

Conclusion: The level of Q-HR is considerably lower in obese people compared to the control group. When compared to the control, obese people had a higher k between the central and peripheral sections. The level of Q-HR and k were shown to be inversely correlated.
Single-Use Wearable Wireless Sensors for Vital Sign Monitoring
Authors: Clark Michelle , Bailey Sharon 
Published: November 2023

What Is the Issue?
The monitoring of vital signs is a key component of patient care. Metrics such as heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation allow health care staff to monitor the well-being of their patients.
What Is the Technology?
Single-use, wearable devices for vital sign monitoring have a variety of designs that are embedded with sensors that allow for continuous monitoring. They transmit data wirelessly to a base unit within a health care setting or a home.
What Is the Potential Impact?
For patients in the hospital, single-use wearable monitors can allow for fewer interruptions to rest. For patients leaving the hospital, the wearable monitors can allow for peace of mind and earlier discharge because the individual continues to be monitored remotely. In out-of-hospital settings, vital sign monitoring can signal when a person should seek additional care. The potential impacts may extend to caring for older adults at home.
What Else Do We Need to Know?
This Horizon Scan summarizes information regarding the effectiveness, safety, cost, and other considerations should there be a broad implementation of emerging wearable devices for the remote measurement of vital signs.
VERIFIKASI METODE UJI ANGKA ENTEROBACTERIACEAE PADA PRODUK SUSU DAN ANALOGNYA SESUAI SNI ISO 21528-2:2017
Authors: Hamidi Fakhmi Rooslan , Octavianingtyas Dian Indah , Nadawati Inis , Ekawati Evy Ratnasari 
Published: November 2023

Enterobacteriaceae is a group of bacteria that inhabit the digestive tract of humans and animals, capable of causing nosocomial infections and potentially contaminating food products. Dairy products and their analogs are one of the routine food samples tested at the Testing Laboratory of the Balai Besar POM in Surabaya, whose quality and safety must be maintained for consumption by the public. One of the guarantees for the quality of test results is a test method that has been validated and verified. In this study, verification of the Enterobacteriaceae number test method was carried out with reference to SNI ISO 21528-2:2017. The results of the method verification were declared eligible, for the accuracy parameter, which was 102,26%, while for the precision parameter, it was 0,71% I. the sample group that was given the contamination (S+C) and 0,91% in the positive control group (K). It that be concluded that this method can be used in the Testing Laboratory of the Balai Besar POM in Surabaya.Keywords: Method verifications, Enterobacteriaceae, dairy products and their analogs, accuracy, precision.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Ethanol dan N-Hexan Daun Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Authors: Octavianus Gland Konay , Chamid Abdul , Herawati Dheasy 
Published: November 2023

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease transmitted by the bite of a female Aedes aegypti mosquito infected with the dengue virus. The essential oil contained in lemon grass has antioxidant activity and contains active compounds that are toxic as larvicides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness, and the effective concentration of the Ethanol and N-Hexan extracts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon ciratus) leaves. The research subjects were 300 instar III Aedes aegypti larvae containing 25 larvae at each concentration with each concentration group namely 30 ppm, 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, and 50 ppm, which were observed for 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours. From the results of the ethanol extract of citronella leaves (Cymbopogon ciratus) using graded concentrations Aedes aegypti larvae can die at high concentrations of 50 ppm and can kill 14 Aedes aegypti larvae. Whereas in the N-Hexan extract of lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon ciratus) using graded concentrations Aedes aegypti larvae can die at high concentrations of 50 ppm which can kill 11 Aedes aegypti larvae. Lemongrass leaves (Cymbopogon ciratus) are effectively used as natural larvicides. Effective concentrations are 35 ppm, 40 ppm, 45 ppm, 50 ppm for 24 hours. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Lemongrass (Cymbopogon ciratus) leaves.
Analisa Perbandingan Hasil Trombosit Pada Alat Hematologi Analyzer Metode Impedance dan Metode Optik Pada Kasus Anemia Hipokrom Mikrositer (Berdasarkan Indeks Eritrosit)
Authors: Rosida Maulina , Raharjo Budiono , Wijaya Halik 
Published: November 2023

Platelets have an important role in hemostasis, namely the formation and stabilization of platelet plugs. There are several methods in the counting of platelets. They can be carried out in a direct and an indirect manner. The direct method can be carried out in an automatic and automatic way. The automatic method uses an hematology analyzer which functions to measure and examine blood cells in blood samples. Counting the number of platelets is done automatically by two methods, namely optical and impedance which have different principles. The optical method is based on cell size and morphology, while impedance is based on cell size only. Hypochrome is a condition where the Hb concentration is less than normal so that the central achromia widens (> 1/3 of the cell) and there is a decrease in the color of the erythrocytes, namely an increase in the diameter of the central pallor above normal so that it looks paler. Microcyte is a condition where the cell size is smaller than normal. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the number of platelets in the hematology analyzer using the impedance method and the optical method in the case of microcytic hypochromic anemia (based on erythrocyte index) with a descriptive analytical research design. The test used is the paired t-test with a total sample of 30 samples. The results of platelets using the impedance method have an average of 339.37 * 103 / uL with a standard deviation of 120.294. The results of platelets using the optical method have an average of 314.70 * 103 / uL with a standard deviation of 113.569. A significant value of 0.000 significant value of (sig. < 0.05) can be concluded that there is a difference between the results of platelets on the hematology analyzer using the impedance method and the optical method in cases of microcytic hypochromic anemia (based on erythrocyte index). Keywords : Trombosit, Hipokrom Mikrositer, Hematology analyzer, Impedance, Optik.
HTLV, DOENÇA NEGLICIADA, POR QUÊ?
Authors: Souza Pedro Henrique Cardoso de , Dourado Vitória Portela , Santos Ana Cláudia Souza dos , Andrade Ikaro Alves de , Aquino Daniela Sant’Ana de 
Published: November 2023

O HTLV é um vírus progressivo, que pode causar disfunções diversas se tiver seu tempo de incubação sem interrupção por algum tratamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi informar a importância da divulgação do vírus. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, onde foram pesquisados artigos científicos nas plataformas Scielo e Google Acadêmico, nos períodos de 2013 a 2023. Os problemas causados pelo HTLV podem ser irreversíveis. A sintomatologia da doença não é específica, portanto, não evidencia a ação do agente tornando difícil o diagnóstico. É um vírus que o organismo humano tem dificuldade para combater, por conta dele destruir as células de defesa de proteção, podendo fazer estragos e deixar o organismo vulnerável para outros agentes patológicos. Apesar de não ter preferência pelas pessoas, o HTLV atinge grande parte da população mundial, sendo o Brasil o país com maior número de casos entre os países do mundo. Da família do HIV, muito conhecido por todos, o tipo HTLV-I, atinge mais pessoas do que o próprio HIV e também outras doenças conhecidas como a tuberculose e hepatite C. Por ser uma doença que causa vulnerabilidade aos seres humanos a diversas doenças, onde muitas delas, a ciência ainda não elucidou por completo, é salutar que profissionais de saúde em geral tenham conhecimento para que possam passar informações corretas para seus pacientes, e ter diagnósticos mais efetivos e certeiros. Tudo isso contribui para que nenhuma doença se espalhe a ponto de matar milhares e deixar dezenas de pessoas sequeladas e doentes no mundo todo.
SOCIOTERMINOLOGIA DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL POPULAR DA REGIÃO VALE DO ACARÁ-PA
Authors: Silva Vitório Gonçalves da , Lima Alcides Fernandes de 
Published: November 2023

Este estudo é um recorte de uma de dissertação de mestrado que consiste na elaboração de um glossário socioterminológico da construção civil popular na região Vale do Acará, situada no nordeste paraense, compreendida pelos municípios de Concórdia do Pará, Acará, Tomé Açu, Tailândia, Baião e Mocajuba. O objetivo é documentar os termos pertencentes aos usos de domínio especializado e do universo sociocultural dessa área do conhecimento humano de grande relevância econômica e social. O trabalho está ancorado nos princípios da Socioterminologia fundamentada por Gaudin (1993a e 1993b) e Faulstich (1995b, 1998a e 2001), dentre outros estudiosos da área como, Lima (2010), Rodrigues (2015), Costa (2009), passando pelos caminhos da Terminologia de Wüster (1998), Barros (2004), Krieger e Finatto (2004), Biderman (2001), Cabré (1995) dentre outros. O corpus é constituído de 22 horas de entrevistas (gravadas em áudio) incluindo a observação não participante (primeira fase metodológica) e entrevista não estruturada (segunda fase metodológica) que contou com o auxílio e aplicação do questionário terminológico composto por 341 questões relacionadas ao universo sociolinguístico da cultura em foco, com a participação de 18 profissionais da área em estudo. A composição dos dados ainda contempla 826 fichas terminológicas de anotação in loco e para a elaboração dos verbetes do glossário foi utilizado o software Lexique Pro (VERSÃO 2.8). O resultado é apresentado em forma de glossário terminológico composto por 472 termos, sendo 352 termos e 120 variantes.
Precipitation reconstructions for Paris based on the observations by Louis Morin, 1665–1713 CE
Authors: Pliemon Thomas , Foelsche Ulrich , Rohr Christian , Pfister Christian 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. This paper presents a precipitation reconstruction that is based on the continuous observations by Louis Morin in Paris from 1665–1713. Morin usually recorded precipitation intensity and duration three times each day (sometimes up to six times) when it snowed or rained. The continuity of his observations can be calculated considering all measurements and observations (e.g., temperature, cloud cover), where on 98.7 % of all days between February 1665 and July 1713 at least one entry per day is noted. To convert these observations to common units, we calibrated them with a multiplicative interacting model using Philippe and Gabriele-Philippe de la Hire's instrumental measurements from Paris. The two series of measurements by de la Hire (father and son) and observations by Morin overlap from 1688–1713. To test the quality of the reconstruction, we analyzed it with the de la Hire's measurements, proxy data, an internal analysis of Morin's measurements of different climate variables, and modern data. Thus, we assess the reliability of the precipitation reconstructions based on Morin's data as follows. We have moderate confidence regarding the exact quantities of daily, seasonal, and annual precipitation totals. We have low confidence regarding exceptionally high precipitation amounts, but we have high confidence in the indices of an impact analysis (i.e., dry days, wet days, consecutive dry days, consecutive wet days); in monthly frequencies of rainfall; and in interannual, interseasonal, and interdecadal variability. Rainy seasons with precipitation totals greater than 250 mm occurred in MAM 1682, JJA 1682, SON 1687, JJA 1697, and JJA 1703. Furthermore, compared to other DJF seasons, the winter of 1666/1667 slightly stands out with a precipitation total of 214.6 mm. Dry seasons with precipitation totals less than 60 mm occurred in SON 1669, DJF 1671/1672, and DJF 1690/1691. An impact analysis shows no abnormalities regarding consecutive dry days or wet days in MAM. In JJA a longer dry period of 31 days appeared in 1686 and a dry period of 69 d appeared in DJF 1671/1672.
Geomorphic indicators of continental-scale landscape transience in the Hengduan Mountains, SE Tibet, China
Authors: Gelwick Katrina D. , Willett Sean D. , Yang Rong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Landscapes are sculpted by a complex response of surface processes to external forcings, such as climate and tectonics. Several major river captures have been documented in the Hengduan Mountains, leading to the hypothesis that the region experiences exceptionally high rates of drainage reorganization driven by horizontal shortening and propagating uplift. Here we determine the prevalence, intensity, and spatial patterns of ongoing drainage reorganization in the Hengduan Mountains and evaluate the relative time scales of this transience by comparing drainage divide asymmetry for four geomorphic metrics that operate at different spatial and temporal scales. Specifically, we calculate the migration direction and the divide asymmetry index (DAI) drainage divide asymmetry in catchment-restricted topographic relief (CRR), hillslope gradient (HSG), normalized channel steepness (ksn), and normalized channel distance (χ). ksn and χ are both precipitation-corrected to account for the strong precipitation gradient across the region. The different spatial scales of these geomorphic metrics allow us to establish the relative timescales of observed landscape transience in the Hengduan Mountains, where local scale metrics measure short-term change and integral quantities measure long-term disequilibrium. We find a high incidence of strongly asymmetric divides in all metrics across the Hengduan Mountain region. Although the magnitude of asymmetry varies significantly between metrics, possibly due to a combination of metric-specific thresholds and varying proxy relationships with erosion rate, a majority of divides agree on divide migration direction. Agreement in divide migration direction indicates active landscape response when asymmetry is high and a state of quasi-equilibrium when asymmetry is low. Disagreements between the integral quantity, χ, and the other geomorphic metrics can be explained by different timescales of the underlying geomorphic processes, with χ reflecting a long-term response and CRR, HSG, and ksn capturing short-term perturbations to catchment structure. These perturbations include various transient mechanisms, such as differential tectonic uplift or erodibility, glacial alteration, and river captures. Our work confirms the high incidence of drainage reorganization across the Hengduan Mountains and highlights both transient and stable areas in the landscape with high resolution. We also offer valuable insights on the application of geomorphic metrics that can be generalized and applied to the study of landscape transience and drainage divide asymmetry in other settings.