bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing our understanding of humble leadership in healthcare: a scoping review
Authors: Salehzadeh Reza , Ziaeian Mehran 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
This study aims to advance the understanding of humble leadership (HL) in health care.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents a scoping review to explore and synthesize the existing knowledge in the literature. The search process encompassed three main online databases, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Due to the novelty of the topic of HL in health care and the lack of research in this area, all articles published until the end of February 2023 were considered in this study.

Findings
A total of 18 studies were included. The results showed that in the period of 2019–2023 more attention was paid to HL in health care than in previous years. The research design used in these articles included quantitative (n = 13) and qualitative (n = 5) methods and the statistical population included nurses, hospital employees and health-care department managers. Based on the results obtained, the definition of HL can be divided into two general approaches, including self-evaluation and the way one treats others. In addition, humble leaders in the health-care sector should exhibit certain behavioral characteristics and finally, the results indicated that HL has several positive consequences; however, little attention has been paid to the factors influencing HL in health care.

Practical implications
This research will help practitioners gain a deeper understanding of the various applications of HL in health care.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive research review has yet been conducted on the application of HL in health care.
Application of emerging thermal and nonthermal technologies for improving textural properties of food grains: A critical review
Authors: Mahmood Naveed , Muhoza Bertrand , Kothakot Anjineyulu , Munir Zeeshan , Huang Yuyang , Zhang Yue , Pandiselvam R. , Iqbal Sohail , Zhang Shuang , Li Yang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEmerging nonthermal and thermal food processing technologies are a better alternative to conventional thermal processing techniques because they offer high‐quality, minimally processed food. Texture is important in the food industry because it encompasses several product attributes and plays a vital role in consumer acceptance. Therefore, it is imperative to analyze the extent to which these technologies influence the textural attributes of food grains. Physical forces produced by cavitation are attributed to ultrasound treatment‐induced changes in the conformational and structural properties of food proteins. Pulsed electric field treatment causes polarization of starch granules, damaging the dense outer layer of starch granules and decreasing the mechanical strength of starch. Prolonged radio frequency heating results in the denaturation of proteins and gelatinization of starch, thus reducing binding tendency during cooking. Microwave energy induces rapid removal of water from the product surface, resulting in lower bulk density, low shrinkage, and a porous structure. However, evaluating the influence of these techniques on food grain texture is difficult owing to differences in their primary operation mode, operating conditions, and equipment design. To maximize the advantages of nonthermal and thermal technologies, in‐depth research should be conducted on their effects on the textural properties of different food grains while ensuring the selection of appropriate operating conditions for each food grain type. This article summarizes all recent developments in these emerging processing technologies for food grains, discusses their potential applications and drawbacks, and presents prospects for future developments in food texture enhancement.
Drying of probiotics to enhance the viability during preparation, storage, food application, and digestion: A review
Authors: Wang Anyi , Zhong Qixin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFunctional food products containing viable probiotics have become increasingly popular and demand for probiotic ingredients that maintain viability and stability during processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestions. This has resulted in heightened research and development of powdered probiotic ingredients. The aim of this review is to overview the development of dried probiotics from upstream identification to downstream applications in food. Free probiotic bacteria are susceptible to various environmental stresses during food processing, storage, and after ingestion, necessitating additional materials and processes to preserve their activity for delivery to the colon. Various classic and emerging thermal and nonthermal drying technologies are discussed for their efficiency in preparing dehydrated probiotics, and strategies for enhancing probiotic survival after dehydration are highlighted. Both the formulation and drying technology can influence the microbiological and physical properties of powdered probiotics that are to be characterized comprehensively with various techniques. Furthermore, quality control during probiotic manufacturing and strategies of incorporating powdered probiotics into liquid and solid food products are discussed. As emerging technologies, structure‐design principles to encapsulate probiotics in engineered structures and protective materials with improved survivability are highlighted. Overall, this review provides insights into formulations and drying technologies required to supplement viable and stable probiotics into functional foods, ensuring the retention of their health benefits upon consumption.
The cluster digging behavior of larvae confers trophic benefits to fitness in insects
Authors: Wu Yujie , Wang Qiang , Yang Weikang , Zhang Sheng , Mao Chuan‐Xi , He Nana , Zhou Shaojie , Zhou Chuanming , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCollective behaviors efficiently impart benefits to a diversity of species ranging from bacteria to humans. Fly larvae tend to cluster and form coordinated digging groups under crowded conditions, yet understanding the rules governing this behavior is in its infancy. We primarily took advantage of the Drosophila model to investigate cooperative foraging behavior. Here, we report that Drosophila‐related species and the black soldier fly have evolved a conserved strategy of cluster digging in food foraging. Subsequently, we investigated relative factors, including larval stage, population density, and food stiffness and quality, that affect the cluster digging behavior. Remarkably, oxygen supply through the posterior breathing spiracles is necessary for the organization of digging clusters. More importantly, we theoretically devise a mathematical model to accurately calculate how the cluster digging behavior expands food resources by diving depth, cross‐section area, and food volume. We found that cluster digging behavior approximately increases 2.2 fold depth, 1.7‐fold cross‐section area, and 1.9 fold volume than control groups, respectively. Amplification of food sources significantly facilitates survival, larval development, and reproductive success of Drosophila challenged with competition for limited food resources, thereby conferring trophic benefits to fitness in insects. Overall, our findings highlight that the cluster digging behavior is a pivotal behavior for their adaptation to food scarcity, advancing a better understanding of how this cooperative behavior confers fitness benefits in the animal kingdom.
Accurate Bayesian inference of sex chromosome karyotypes and sex‐linked scaffolds from low‐depth sequencing data
Authors: Caduff Madleina , Eckel Raphael , Leuenberger Christoph , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe identification of sex‐linked scaffolds and the genetic sex of individuals, i.e. their sex karyotype, is a fundamental step in population genomic studies. If sex‐linked scaffolds are known, single individuals may be sexed based on read counts of next‐generation sequencing data. If both sex‐linked scaffolds as well as sex karyotypes are unknown, as is often the case for non‐model organisms, they have to be jointly inferred. For both cases, current methods rely on arbitrary thresholds, which limits their power for low‐depth data. In addition, most current methods are limited to euploid sex karyotypes (XX and XY). Here we develop BeXY, a fully Bayesian method to jointly infer the posterior probabilities for each scaffold to be autosomal, X‐ or Y‐linked and for each individual to be any of the sex karyotypes XX, XY, X0, XXX, XXY, XYY and XXYY. If the sex‐linked scaffolds are known, it also identifies autosomal trisomies and estimates the sex karyotype posterior probabilities for single individuals. As we show with downsampling experiments, BeXY has higher power than all existing methods. It accurately infers the sex karyotype of ancient human samples with as few as 20,000 reads and accurately infers sex‐linked scaffolds from data sets of just a handful of samples or with highly imbalanced sex ratios, also in the case of low‐quality reference assemblies. We illustrate the power of BeXY by applying it to both whole‐genome shotgun and target enrichment sequencing data of ancient and modern humans, as well as several non‐model organisms.
Exploring the clinical significance of miR‐148 expression variations in distinct subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ji Qun , Du Fengxia , Yu Yangyaxin , Li Ying 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) belongs to chronic functional gastrointestinal diseases featured by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of serum miR‐148 expression in different subtypes of IBS. We enrolled 86 IBS patients and 55 healthy controls. miR‐148 expression levels were assessed in IBS patients classified into IBS‐constipation (IBS‐C), IBS‐diarrhea (IBS‐D), and IBS‐mixed stool pattern (IBS‐M) subtypes. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of miR‐148 in distinguishing among IBS subtypes. Additionally, we analyzed the correlation between miR‐148 expression and clinical characteristics, including IBS symptom severity. miR‐148 expression was highest in IBS‐D (diarrhea) group, followed by IBS‐M and IBS‐C. With the exception of the IBS‐C group, miR‐148 expression was elevated in IBS patients compared to controls. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that serum miR‐148 exhibited higher diagnostic accuracy for discriminating IBS‐C and IBS‐D than IBS‐M. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between serum miR‐148 relative expression and IBS symptom severity system scores. Univariate logistic analysis indicated a positive association between miR‐148 expression and IBS‐D and a negative correlation with IBS‐C. miR‐148 expression exhibits differential patterns among IBS subtypes and holds a potential to distinguish IBS‐C and IBS‐D. Furthermore, miR‐148 expression correlates with the severity of IBS symptoms.
An exploratory study of acute analgesia in tibial shaft fractures: a comparison between Māori and Non‐Māori
Authors: Tan Ruth , Coia Martin , Tay Mei Lin , Baker Joseph F. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPublished research suggests Indigenous peoples are less likely to receive analgesia in acute pain settings however there is limited data on the indigenous New Zealand Māori population. The aim of this exploratory pilot study was to compare management between Māori and non‐Māori for acute fracture pain in a regional trauma centre.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken for 120 patients with isolated tibial shaft fractures presenting at a tertiary level trauma center between 2015 and 2020. Outcome measures reflected the patient journey including type of analgesia charted pre‐hospital, in the ED and on the ward.ResultsOut of 104 matched patients, 48 (46%) were Māori and 65% were male. Fewer Māori received pre‐hospital analgesia compared with non‐Māori (odds ratio 0.29, p = 0.006). Pain scores were similar on arrival to ED (6.1 ± 3.5 versus 5.4 ± 2.7, p = 0.2). Once at hospital, there were similar rates of prescribed analgesia (paracetamol, NSAIDs, synthetics, or opioids) both in ED and the ward. Time to analgesia were also similar for both groups (72 ± 71 min versus 65 ± 63 min, P > 0.9).DiscussionWe found differences in pre‐hospital administration of analgesia between Māori and non‐Māori patients with tibial shaft fractures. However once in hospital although there was a trend towards lower prescribing for Māori, there were no significant differences. Exploring the reasons underpinning this difference and the development of robust analgesic guidelines for tibial shaft fractures may help in reducing this inequity in care, particularly in the pre‐hospital setting.
Induction of labor and cesarean birth in lower‐risk nulliparous women at term: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Butler Sarah E. , Wallace Euan M. , Bisits Andrew , Selvaratnam Roshan J. , Davey Mary‐Ann 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether induction of labor (IOL) is associated with cesarean birth (CB) and perinatal mortality in uncomplicated first births at term compared with expectant management outside the confines of a randomized controlled trial.MethodsPopulation‐based retrospective cohort study of all births in Victoria, Australia, from 2010 to 2018 (n = 640,191). Preliminary analysis compared IOL at 37 weeks with expectant management at that gestational age and beyond for uncomplicated pregnancies. Similar comparisons were made for IOL at 38, 39, 40, and 41 weeks of gestation and expectant management. The primary analysis repeated these comparisons, limiting the population to nulliparous women with uncomplicated pregnancies and excluding those with a medical indication for IOL. We compared perinatal mortality between groups using Chi‐square tests and multivariable logistic regression for all other comparisons. Adjusted odds ratios and 99% confidence intervals were reported. p < 0.01 denoted statistical significance.ResultsAmong nulliparous, uncomplicated pregnancies at ≥37 weeks of gestation in Victoria, IOL increased from 24.6% in 2010 to 30.0% in 2018 (p < 0.001). In contrast to the preliminary analysis, the primary analysis showed that IOL in lower‐risk nulliparous women was associated with increased odds of CB when performed at 38 (aOR 1.23(1.13–1.32)), 39 (aOR 1.31(1.23–1.40)), 40 (aOR 1.42(1.35–1.50)), and 41 weeks of gestation (aOR 1.43(1.35–1.51)). Perinatal mortality was rare in both groups and non‐significantly lower in the induced group at most gestations.DiscussionFor lower‐risk nulliparous women, the odds of CB increased with IOL from 38 weeks of gestation, along with decreased odds of perinatal mortality at 41 weeks only.
Preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice following distributive actions
Authors: Geraci Alessandra , Cancellieri Uberta Ganucci 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPrior research provided evidence for retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice in adults, but the developmental origins of judgements of immanent justice remain unknown. Both retrospective and prospective judgements were investigated in preschool age, using explicit and implicit measures. In Experiment 1, 2.5‐ and 4‐year‐olds were first shown events in which one agent distributed resources fairly or unfairly, and then they saw test events in which both distributors were damaged by a misfortune. Later, they were presented with a verbal task, in which they had to respond to two questions on evaluation of the deservingness, by using explicit measures. All children were likely to approve of deserved outcomes when deeds and outcomes were congruent (i.e., unfair distributor—misfortune), and only older ones were likely to disapprove when they were incongruent (i.e., fair distributor—misfortune). In Experiment 2, 4‐year‐olds after seeing familiarization events of Experiment 1, were presented with two verbal questions to explore prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using explicit measures. In Experiment 3, 4‐year‐olds were first shown familiarization events of Experiment 1 and listened to respective narratives, then before the outcome was revealed they were assessed with a reaching task to investigate prospective judgements of immanent justice, by using implicit measures. Children reached the image depicting a bad outcome for the unfair distributor, and that illustrated a good outcome for the fair distributor. The results of the last two experiments demonstrated a fine ability to make prospective judgements at 4 years of life, and found that they were to be more prone to apply immanent justice reasoning to positive outcomes following good actions. Taken together, these results provide new evidence for preschoolers' retrospective and prospective judgements of immanent justice.
Prognostic impact of pretreatment cell‐free DNA concentration in newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Fardella E. , Zanirato G. , Magni M. , Caldarelli N. , Chiappella A. , Dodero A. , Ljevar S. , Orsucci L. , Re A. , Usai S. V. , Stefoni V. , Castellino C. , Rossi F. G. , Pinto A. , Carniti C. , Corradini P. 
Published: January 2024

SummaryPeripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) have a poor prognosis and, to date, there are no reliable predictive biomarkers of response. In this work we explored the prognostic impact of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) concentration in 75 newly diagnosed patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. Pre‐treatment cfDNA was strongly associated with clinical risk factors and was identified as a superior predictor for shorter progression‐free survival in multivariable analysis, outweighing canonical risk parameters. Furthermore, we identified a cfDNA value above which survival worsens. In conclusion, pre‐treatment cfDNA concentration represents an easily usable predictive biomarker that is highly associated with survival of PTCL patients.
The fear factor—Snakes in Africa might be at an alarming extinction risk
Authors: Farooq Harith , Geldmann Jonas 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSnakes in Africa are responsible for over 20,000 deaths annually, their indiscriminate killing. As a result, snakes are vulnerable to human population increases even at low intensities. Thus, the predicted doubling of Africa's population by 2050 is likely to pose a disproportionate threat to snakes compared to other taxa. Here we quantify the current and future overlap of snake distributions and human population density under three scenarios of population growth. We find that by 2050, on average, 71% of snake ranges of conservation concern will overlap with areas occupied by ten or more people per km2, a 22% increase from 2020. In addition, the number of Least Concern species with most of their range within areas with high human population density will more than double, likely increasing the number of threatened species over the next decades. Our results call for immediate policy action targeting people's perceptions and fears of snakes, and incorporating snakes directly into development and conservation plans to reduce the impact of future urban expansions across Africa.
What is the risk of overcollecting for translocation? An opportunistic assessment of a wingless grasshopper
Authors: Kearney Michael R. , Yagui Hiromi , Hoffmann Ary A. , Phillips Ben L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTranslocation is an increasingly used tool in conservation management, but there is a risk that source populations are overcollected. The risk depends critically on the detection probability and the source population size. We quantified this risk for a wingless grasshopper population in a patch of remnant habitat in suburban Melbourne that was condemned to be cleared for housing development. We collected ∼2000 grasshoppers in five samples spread over 1 month and used the results to estimate the initial population size (∼3400) with high confidence. Despite our perception of substantially depleting the population, we removed only an estimated 60%, and this relatively high fecundity (∼50 eggs per lifetime) annual species had recovered by the following year to near its original density. Wild‐to‐wild translocation is likely to be a low‐cost and effective strategy in the conservation of many invertebrates, and our findings highlight the feasibility of using natural source populations.
Effects of age and disease duration on the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi in Asian people with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of the LixiLan‐O‐AP and LixiLan‐L‐CN trials
Authors: Yang Wenying , Guo Xiaohui , Lauand Felipe , Li Lingyu , Fang Hexin , Du Qin , Kang Lei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of age and disease duration on the efficacy and safety of iGlarLixi versus insulin glargine 100 units/ml (iGlar) or lixisenatide (Lixi) alone in Asian people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on oral antidiabetic drugs (LixiLan‐O‐AP) or basal insulin ± oral antidiabetic drugs (LixiLan‐L‐CN).Materials and MethodsIn this post hoc analysis, the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) changes were assessed from baseline to week 24 (LixiLan‐O‐AP) or 30 (LixiLan‐L‐CN) in subgroups defined by baseline age (<65, ≥65 years) and duration of T2D. The proportion who achieved the composite of HbA1c <7% (<53.0 mmol/mol) without weight gain and without symptomatic hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose ≤3.9 mmol/L) and the incidences of hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal disorders were also analysed.ResultsHbA1c reductions were consistently greater with iGlarLixi versus iGlar or Lixi across all subgroups, including participants aged ≥65 years and those with T2D for ≥15 or ≥20 years. Greater proportions of participants achieved HbA1c <7% (<53.0 mmol/mol) without weight gain or hypoglycaemia with iGlarLixi versus iGlar or Lixi, regardless of age or T2D duration. Hypoglycaemia incidence was similar with iGlarLixi versus iGlar across most subgroups; the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders was lower with iGlarLixi versus Lixi in all subgroups.ConclusionsiGlarLixi showed consistent efficacy and safety across all age and disease duration subgroups in Asian people with uncontrolled T2D, including older individuals and those with longstanding disease.
Dynamic preferential trade agreement formation and the role of political economy
Authors: Chi Eric Conglin , Yildiz Halis Murat 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUsing a dynamic preferential trade agreement (PTA) formation model, we show that political biases in exporting and import‐competing sectors substantially impact the extent of PTA formation. While both exclusion and free riding incentives constrain the expansion to global free trade in a free trade agreement (FTA) game, only the former incentive arises in a customs union (CU) game. When we endogenize the choice between FTAs and CUs, the tension between the flexibility benefit of FTAs and the coordination benefit of CUs reveals that FTAs always serve as PTA building blocks while CUs may serve as PTA building or stumbling blocks.