bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lamivudine for the Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation in Hepatitis B s-Antigen Seropositive Cancer Patients Undergoing Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Authors: Yeo Winnie , Chan Paul K.S. , Ho Wing M. , Zee Benny , Lam Kwok C. , Lei Kenny I.K. , Chan Anthony T.C. , Mok Tony S.K. , Lee Jam J. , Leung Thomas W.T. , Zhong Sheng , Johnson Philip J. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose For cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a well described complication resulting in varying degrees of liver damage. The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of the antiviral agent lamivudine in reducing the incidence of HBV reactivation and diminishing morbidity and mortality of cancer patients with chronic HBV infection during chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Two groups were compared in this nonrandomized study. The prophylactic lamivudine group consisted of 65 patients in a phase II study who were treated with lamivudine before and until 8 weeks after discontinuing chemotherapy. The historical controls consisted of 193 consecutive patients who underwent chemotherapy without prophylactic lamivudine. Significant prognosticators for the development of HBV reactivation were determined based on data from the controls. Potential confounding factors were identified between the two groups. The outcomes were compared. Results In the controls, lymphoma and anthracycline usage were factors identified to be associated with reactivation. The two groups were comparable in most baseline characteristics, although in the prophylactic lamivudine group, there were significantly more patients with lymphoma and receiving anthracyclines. In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P < .001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P < .0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P = .0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P = .0029). The reduction in overall mortality was not statistically different. Conclusion Prophylactic lamivudine significantly reduced the incidence of HBV reactivation and the overall morbidity of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Short-Term Impact of Cancer Prevention and Screening Activities on Quality of Life
Authors: Cullen Jennifer , Schwartz Marc D. , Lawrence William F. , Selby Joe V. , Mandelblatt Jeanne S. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose There are few data on the short-term effects of participating in cancer prevention activities, undergoing genetic risk assessment, or having routine screening. The objective of this article is to systematically review existing research on short-term effects of prevention, genetic counseling and testing, and screening activities on quality of life. Methods We conducted a MEDLINE search for original research studies that were published between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2002, and conducted in North America or Western Europe. Data were abstracted and summarized using a standardized format. Results We reviewed 210 publications. Most studies focused on psychological states (anxiety, depression), symptoms, or general health status. One hundred thirty-one studies used 51 previously validated noncancer instruments. Many researchers (12.6%) also added cancer-specific measures, such as perceived cancer risk or symptom indices. Only one study measured satisfaction or quality of provider-client communication. While one report examined lost workdays, no other economic consequences of short-term outcomes were evaluated. Among seven studies that assessed short-term outcomes preferences, only four specifically used time trade-off or linear rating scale methods. No study used standard gamble or willingness-to-pay methods. The overwhelming majority of research indicated that short-term effects were transient. Only two studies linked short-term effects to long-term cancer-related health behaviors such as repeat screening. Conclusion There is considerable heterogeneity in short-term outcome measurement. Clinicians need to be aware of potential for short-term, transient adverse effects. The impact of short-term experiences should to be linked to long-term health status and use of services.
Phase II Study of Ecteinascidin-743 in Advanced Pretreated Soft Tissue Sarcoma Patients
Authors: Yovine A. , Riofrio M. , Blay J.Y. , Brain E. , Alexandre J. , Kahatt C. , Taamma A. , Jimeno J. , Martin C. , Salhi Y. , Cvitkovic E. , Misset J.L. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose A multicenter phase II study evaluating efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743) in pretreated advanced soft tissue sarcoma patients. Patients and Methods Patients received ET-743 1,500 μg/m2 (24-hour intravenous infusion) every 3 weeks (group 1, 26 patients with one to two prior single agents or one previous combination chemotherapy; group 2, 28 patients with three or more prior single agents or two or more previous combination chemotherapies). Results Patients (30 women, 24 men) had a median age of 48 years (range, 22 to 71 years); 41% had leiomyosarcoma (eight of 22 of uterine origin), a median of two involved organs (range, one to four), and 93% had documented progressive disease at study entry. Patients received a median of three cycles (range, one to 20); 28% received six or more cycles. Fifty-two patients were assessable for response (WHO criteria): two partial responses, four minor responses, and nine with stable disease (≥ 6 months). Three patients were rendered tumor free after surgery. Median progression-free survival was 1.9 months (range, 0.69 to 17.90 months); 24% of patients were progression free at 6 months. Median survival was 12.8 months, with 30% of patients alive at 2 years. Four patients withdrew because of treatment-related toxicity. Two treatment-related deaths occurred (renal failure and febrile neutropenia, and rhabdomyolysis and decompensated cirrhosis, respectively) that were probably related to protocol eligibility violations. Reversible grade 3 to 4 AST or ALT occurred in 50% of patients and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred in 61% of patients, with six episodes of febrile neutropenia. Nausea, vomiting, and asthenia were prevalent but mild and manageable. Conclusion With a 4% overall response rate (95% CI, 0.5 to 12.8) and an 11% rate of third-party-verified tumor regression (overall response rate + minor response), ET-743 has a 24% 6-month disease progression control rate, confirming evidence of antitumoral activity and a manageable safety profile in patients experiencing disease progression with pretreated soft tissue sarcoma.
Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy (17 Gy per two fractions) in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Is Comparable to Standard Fractionation for Symptom Control and Survival: A National Phase III Trial
Authors: Sundstrøm Stein , Bremnes Roy , Aasebø Ulf , Aamdal Steinar , Hatlevoll Reidulv , Brunsvig Paal , Johannessen Dag Clement , Klepp Olbjørn , Fayers Peter M. , Kaasa Stein 
Published: February 2004

Purpose To investigate whether the effect of hypofractionated thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) is comparable to more standard fractionated radiotherapy (RT) in advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods A total of 421 patients with locally advanced stage III or stage IV NSCLC tumors were included. Inclusion criteria were inoperable, disease too advanced for curative radiotherapy, and chest symptoms or central tumor threatening the airways. Patients were randomly assigned to three arms: A, 17 Gy per two fractions (n = 146); B, 42 Gy per 15 fractions (n = 145); and C, 50 Gy per 25 fractions (n = 130). Four hundred seven patients were eligible for the study; 395 patients (97%) participated in the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) study. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and EORTC QLQ-lung cancer–specific module (LC13) were used to investigate airway symptom relief and changes in HRQOL. Assessments were performed before TRT and until week 54. Clinicians' assessments of symptom improvement were at 2, 6, and 14 weeks after completion of TRT. The patients were observed for a minimum of 3 years. Results Baseline prognostic data were equally distributed in the treatment groups. Patient compliance with respect to the HRQOL investigation was minimum 74%. HRQOL and symptom relief were equivalent in the treatment arms. No significant difference in survival among arms A, B, and C was found, with median survival 8.2, 7.0, and 6.8 months, respectively. Conclusion Our data indicate that protracted palliative TRT renders no improvement in symptom relief, HRQOL, or survival when compared with short-term hypofractionated treatment in advanced NSCLC.
Prevalence and Predictors of Psychological Distress Among Women With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Norton Tina R. , Manne Sharon L. , Rubin Stephen , Carlson John , Hernandez Enrique , Edelson Mitchell I. , Rosenblum Norman , Warshal David , Bergman Cynthia 
Published: February 2004

Purpose To identify the prevalence of psychological distress among women with ovarian cancer and to examine the association between these symptoms of distress and demographic and medical variables. Patients and Methods Participants were 143 women with ovarian cancer. Forty-eight percent of participants had been diagnosed with advanced-stage disease (stage III or IV) and most (80%) were currently receiving treatment. Psychological distress was assessed with the following measures: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Mental Health Inventory, the Impact of Events Scale, and a questionnaire regarding mental health service use. Results Approximately one fifth of women reported moderate to severe levels of distress, and more than half reported high stress responses to their cancer and its treatment. Most participants (60%) were not using any mental health services or psychotropic medications. There was also evidence to suggest that younger patients, patients with more advanced or recurrent disease, and patients who had more recently been diagnosed with ovarian cancer experienced greater psychological distress. Conclusion These findings indicate that psychological distress and high stress responses to cancer are prevalent among women with ovarian cancer, suggesting they should be carefully evaluated to determine whether treatment for these symptoms is warranted.
Time Course of Tumor Metabolic Activity During Chemoradiotherapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Response to Treatment
Authors: Wieder Hinrich A. , Brücher Björn L.D.M. , Zimmermann Frank , Becker Karen , Lordick Florian , Beer Ambros , Schwaiger Markus , Fink Ulrich , Siewert Jörg Rüdiger , Stein Hubert J. , Weber Wolfgang A. 
Published: February 2004

PurposeTo evaluate the time course of therapy-induced changes in tumor glucose use during chemoradiotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to correlate the reduction of metabolic activity with histopathologic tumor response and patient survival.Patients and MethodsThirty-eight patients with histologically proven intrathoracic ESCC (cT3, cN0/+, cM0) scheduled to undergo a 4-week course of preoperative simultaneous chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy were included. Patients underwent positron emission tomography with the glucose analog fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) before therapy (n = 38), after 2 weeks of initiation of therapy (n = 27), and preoperatively (3 to 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy; n = 38). Tumor metabolic activity was quantitatively assessed by standardized uptake values (SUVs).ResultsMean tumor FDG uptake before therapy was 9.3 ± 2.8 SUV and decreased to 5.7 ± 1.9 SUV 14 days after initiation of chemoradiotherapy (−38% ± 18%; P < .0001). The preoperative scan showed an additional decrease of metabolic activity to 3.3 ± 1.1 SUV (P < .0001). In histopathologic responders (< 10% viable cells in the resected specimen), the decrease in SUV from baseline to day 14 was 44% ± 15%, whereas it was only 21% ± 14% in nonresponders (P = .0055). Metabolic changes at this time point were also correlated with patient survival (P = .011). In the preoperative scan, tumor metabolic activity had decreased by 70% ± 11% in histopathologic responders and 51% ± 21% in histopathologic nonresponders.ConclusionChanges in tumor metabolic activity after 14 days of preoperative chemoradiotherapy are significantly correlated with tumor response and patient survival. This suggests that FDG-PET might be used to identify nonresponders early during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, allowing for early modifications of the treatment protocol.
Gefitinib in Combination With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase III Trial—INTACT 1
Authors: Giaccone Giuseppe , Herbst Roy S. , Manegold Christian , Scagliotti Giorgio , Rosell Rafael , Miller Vincent , Natale Ronald B. , Schiller Joan H. , von Pawel Joachim , Pluzanska Anna , Gatzemeier Ulrich , Grous John , Ochs Judith S. , Averbuch Steven D. , Wolf Michael K. , Rennie Pamela , Fandi Abderrahim , Johnson David H. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE) to standard first-line gemcitabine and cisplatin provides clinical benefit over gemcitabine and cisplatin alone in patients with advanced or metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib has demonstrated encouraging efficacy in advanced NSCLC in phase II trials in pretreated patients, and a phase I trial of gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin showed favorable tolerability. Patients and Methods This was a phase III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in chemotherapy-naive patients with unresectable stage III or IV NSCLC. All patients received up to six cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of the 3-week cycle) plus either gefitinib 500 mg/d, gefitinib 250 mg/d, or placebo. Daily gefitinib or placebo was continued until disease progression. End points included overall survival (primary), time to progression, response rates, and safety evaluation. Results A total of 1,093 patients were enrolled. There was no difference in efficacy end points between the treatment groups: for the gefitinib 500 mg/d, gefitinib 250 mg/d, and placebo groups, respectively, median survival times were 9.9, 9.9, and 10.9 months (global ordered log-rank [GOLrank] P = .4560), median times to progression were 5.5, 5.8, and 6.0 months (GOLrank; P = .7633), and response rates were 49.7%, 50.3%, and 44.8%. No significant unexpected adverse events were seen. Conclusion Gefitinib in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced NSCLC did not have improved efficacy over gemcitabine and cisplatin alone. The reasons for this remain obscure and require further preclinical testing.
Predictors of Sexual Functioning in Ovarian Cancer Patients
Authors: Carmack Taylor Cindy L. , Basen-Engquist Karen , Shinn Eileen H. , Bodurka Diane C. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose To characterize sexual functioning of ovarian cancer patients and identify factors predicting sexual activity, functioning or satisfaction, discomfort, and habit or frequency. Patients and Methods Data were collected on 232 women with epithelial ovarian cancer, 47% of whom were receiving treatment. Results Fifty percent of the patients had engaged in sexual activity in the past month. Of those who were sexually active, 47% reported no or little desire, 80% reported problems with vaginal dryness, and 62% reported pain or discomfort during penetration. Of those who were sexually inactive, reasons included no partner (44.1%), lack of interest (38.7%), physical problems making sex difficult (23.4%), and fatigue (10.8%). Partner factors also were identified, including physical problems (16.2%), lack of interest (15.3%), and fatigue (5.4%). A multivariate model was used to predict sexual activity and included demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors as predictors. Women who were married (P < .001), were younger than 56 years (P < .001), were not receiving active treatment (P < .01), had a longer time since original diagnosis (P = .104), and liked the appearance of their bodies (P = .004) were more likely to be sexually active. Univariate analyses indicated that demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors are significantly associated with sexual functioning or satisfaction, sexual discomfort, and sexual frequency or habit. Conclusion Sexual rehabilitation for ovarian cancer patients should address management of physical and psychologic symptoms and include the patient's partner when appropriate.
Randomized Phase II Study of Multiple Dose Levels of CCI-779, a Novel Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Atkins Michael B. , Hidalgo Manuel , Stadler Walter M. , Logan Theodore F. , Dutcher Janice P. , Hudes Gary R. , Park Young , Liou Song-Heng , Marshall Bonnie , Boni Joseph P. , Dukart Gary , Sherman Matthew L. 
Published: February 2004

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of CCI-779, a novel mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced refractory renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods Patients (n = 111) were randomly assigned to receive 25, 75, or 250 mg CCI-779 weekly as a 30-minute intravenous infusion. Patients were evaluated for tumor response, time to tumor progression, survival, and adverse events. Blood samples were collected to determine CCI-779 pharmacokinetics. Results CCI-779 produced an objective response rate of 7% (one complete response and seven partial responses) and minor responses in 26% of these advanced RCC patients. Median time to tumor progression was 5.8 months and median survival was 15.0 months. The most frequently occurring CCI-779–related adverse events of all grades were maculopapular rash (76%), mucositis (70%), asthenia (50%), and nausea (43%). The most frequently occurring grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hyperglycemia (17%), hypophosphatemia (13%), anemia (9%), and hypertriglyceridemia (6%). Neither toxicity nor efficacy was significantly influenced by CCI-779 dose level. Patients were retrospectively classified into good-, intermediate-, or poor-risk groups on the basis of criteria used by Motzer et al for a first-line metastatic RCC population treated with interferon alfa. Within each risk group, the median survivals of patients at each dose level were similar. Conclusion In patients with advanced RCC, CCI-779 showed antitumor activity and encouraging survival and was generally well tolerated over the three dose levels tested.
Five Decades of Operations Management and the Prospects Ahead
Authors: Chopra Sunil , Lovejoy William , Yano Candace 
Published: February 2004

Operations and Supply Chains is the current title for a department that has evolved through several different titles in recent years, reflecting its evolving mission from a focus on classical operations research at the time of ORSA's founding 50 years ago toward an embrace of a broader body of theory. Throughout this evolution, the focus on applied problems and the goal of improving practice through the development of suitable theory has remained constant The Operations and Supply Chains Department promotes the theory underlying the practice of operations management, which encompasses the design and management of the transformation processes in manufacturing and service organizations that create value for society. Operations is the function that is uniquely associated with the design and management of these processes. The problem domains of concern to the department have been, and remain, the marshalling of inputs, the transformation itself, and the distribution of outputs in pursuit of this value-creating end. Over the past 50 years the department has had a variety of titles, reflecting an evolving understanding of the boundaries of the operations function. In this article we celebrate past accomplishments, identify current challenges, and anticipate a future that is as exciting and opportunity-rich as any our field has seen.
Heat transfer to fine powders in a bubbling fluidized bed with sound assistance
Authors: Huang DeShau , Levy Edward 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMost of the published research on heat transfer in a fluidized bed is focused on Geldart type B and D particles, while there is little information available on heat transfer to fine powders (Geldart group C). Previous studies of fine powder fluidization with sound assistance have shown that stable bubbling can be achieved with sound assistance. In this study, experiments were performed to measure bubble behavior and heat‐transfer coefficients around a horizontal tube in a fine powder fluidized bed with sound assistance. Two types of data are presented as functions of excess air velocity and sound pressure level—average and local heat‐transfer coefficients and bubble frequency, packet residence time, and the fraction of the particle packet contact time. A packet renewal model with a gas film at the tube surface is proposed to explain the heat‐transfer data. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 302–310, 2004
Rate‐based nonisothermal LLX model and its experimental validation
Authors: Sanpui Debjit , Singh Manish K. , Khanna Ashok 
Published: February 2004

AbstractMost of the current open literature handles liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) using equilibrium and/or isothermal models. However, in most industrial applications, the assumption of equilibrium and isothermal operation is not reasonable. A rate‐based nonequilibrium model for both the mass and energy transfer in LLX during the three distinct stages of drop formation—drop, fall or rise, and drop coalescence—has been developed. These three hydrodynamic phenomena affect the mass transfer between dispersed and continuous phases for which a parallel–parallel mass‐transfer resistance model has been incorporated. Because of the very large number of computations associated with repeated calculations of mass‐transfer coefficients a local model has been proposed. We have compared our rate‐based simulator with two other commercial simulators and our bench‐scale experiments have been done for toluene–acetone–water and methyl isobutyl ketone–acetic acid–water systems. Stagewise mass and energy transfer and the hydrodynamics features have been compared between the experimental and the simulation runs. Relative‐error square analysis (for the concentration profiles) shows that our simulation results are two orders of magnitude better in comparison to other commercial simulators. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 368–381, 2004