bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of Dopamine and the Neurointermediate Lobe of the Pituitary in the Regulation of Prolactin Secretion During Late Pregnancy in Rats
Authors: Andrews Z. B. , Grattan D. R. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe major hypothalamic control over prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland is inhibitory by means of dopamine released from tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurones. We have previously shown a dissociation between activity of TIDA neurones and prolactin secretion during late pregnancy, suggesting involvement of additional regulatory factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of dopamine and the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary in the regulation of prolactin secretion during late pregnancy. To determine whether dopamine maintains inhibition of prolactin during late pregnancy, the D2 receptor antagonist domperidone was administered at 12.00 h on days 18 and 21 of pregnancy. These times are characterized by high and low TIDA neuronal activity, respectively, and low prolactin secretion. Domperidone produced an immediate increase in plasma prolactin compared to vehicle‐treated controls on both days 18 and 21. Thus, dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion is maintained despite reduced TIDA neuronal activity at the end of pregnancy. The contribution of NIL‐derived dopamine in regulating prolactin secretion was then examined by investigating the effect of surgical removal of the NIL. NIL removal produced significantly increased basal prolactin concentrations, indicating that dopamine from the NIL contributes to the suppression of prolactin before the antepartum prolactin surge. Furthermore, NIL removal also completely prevented the antepartum prolactin surge compared to sham‐operated controls, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the NIL supplies a prolactin‐releasing factor to the anterior pituitary to induce the antepartum prolactin surge.
Cumulate‐rich xenolith suite in Late Cenozoic basaltic eruptives, Hepburn Lagoon, Newlyn, in relation to western Victorian lithosphere*
Authors: SUTHERLAND F. L. , HOLLIS J. D. , BIRCH W. D. , POGSON R. E. , RAYNOR L. R. 
Published: October 2004

Cumulate‐textured rocks form 90 vol% of xenoliths erupted with Hy‐normative olivine basalt at Hepburn Lagoon, Victoria. The phreatomagmatic host eruption punched through Late Cenozoic (<3 Ma) hawaiites. More than 80% of the xenoliths are pyroxenites, largely websterites, and contain Al‐ and Ti‐enriched augites (Mg# 0.76–0.87) and orthopyroxene (Mg# 0.75–0.79), ±altered olivine and spinel (Mg# 0.52–0.60). Subordinate gabbros, gabbronorites and norites contain sodic to calcic plagioclase (An45−64). The xenoliths include minor Mg‐rich metaperidotites (olivine Mg# 0.86–0.90) and metapyroxenites and granulites (± altered garnet or spinel). Thermobarometry for the main cumulates suggests subliquidus equilibration between 1000 and 1100°C at ∼1 ± 0.25 GPa, compatible with observed cumulates in cross‐cutting veins in mantle metaperidotites. The re‐equilibrated granulites and mantle metaperidotites yield lower temperatures (840–980°C) than the cumulates. Gabbroic banding in some pyroxenites suggests that a common parental mafic melt was involved. A melt composition was reconstructed by combining websterite and gabbronorite analyses in the observed 8:1 pyroxenite/gabbro ratio. This yields a Hy‐normative parental basaltic melt (Mg# 0.73–0.76), with oceanic basalt trace‐element contents. The overall range in cumulate compositions and in the mantle‐normalised incompatible trace‐element patterns suggests that some parental melts were Ne‐normative. The Hepburn Lagoon xenolith suite is notable for its little‐modified, relatively anhydrous pyroxene‐rich cumulate assemblages, both in the Victorian context and in intraplate basalt settings elsewhere. It differs markedly from more recrystallised and metasomatised mantle–crust columns represented in xenolith suites to the southwest (Bullenmerri) and southeast (The Anakies). This may reflect its position within the Lachlan Fold Belt, between the older Delamerian (west) and Selwyn Block (east) basements.
Facies architecture of the Lewis Ponds carbonate and volcanic‐hosted massive sulfide deposits, central western New South Wales
Authors: AGNEW M. W. , BULL S. W. , LARGE R. R. 
Published: October 2004

The Lewis Ponds carbonate and volcanic‐hosted Zn–Pb–Cu–Ag–Au‐rich massive sulfide deposits are located near the western margin of the Hill End Trough in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales. Two stratabound massive sulfide zones, Main and Toms' occur in a tightly folded Upper Silurian succession of marine felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks. Siltstone, mudstone and quartz crystal‐rich sandstone overlie thick, tabular beds of poorly sorted mixed‐provenance breccia, limestone‐clast breccia and pebbly granular sandstone. The sedimentary rocks unconformably overlie a succession of strongly foliated, quartz–plagioclase–phyric dacite. Hydrothermal alteration and deformation have obscured primary textures and contact relationships in the footwall volcanic succession. However, three lithofacies associations were distinguished using phenocryst abundance, overall texture and immobile element compositions. Thick (up to 100 m) conformable or fault‐bound units of poorly sorted limestone‐clast breccia, megabreccia and massive limestone occur throughout the Lewis Ponds host sequence. Clasts vary in size from small pebbles to 10 m‐long boulders and 90 m‐thick lenses. Where primary textures are preserved, the bioclastic limestone contains crinoid fragments, brachiopods, bivalves, solitary corals, volcanic quartz and feldspar crystals and rare Silurian conodonts. Although originally deposited in shallower water, the allochthonous limestone occurs in a host sequence of predominantly siltstone and mudstone. The mixed‐provenance breccia, limestone‐clast breccia, pebbly granular sandstone and quartz crystal‐rich sandstone were deposited on the flanks of a high‐level intrusive dacite centre in a moderately deep, below wave‐base slope environment. Volcanic and sedimentary components originated from multiple source areas at the basin margin and in the adjacent hinterland. The Lewis Ponds host sequence records a transition from coarse‐grained polymictic volcaniclastic breccia and sandstone, upwards into mudstone, siltstone and minor volcanogenic sandstone, indicating deposition in a deepening, more restricted environment as volcanism waned and the basin progressively subsided.
Textural, mineralogical and geochemical variation in the zoned Timbarra Tablelands pluton, New South Wales*
Authors: MUSTARD R. 
Published: October 2004

The Timbarra Tablelands pluton is an extensive (∼550 km2) complexly zoned intrusion forming one of many predominantly monzogranite I‐type plutons, which constitute the Moonbi Supersuite in northern New South Wales, Australia. It comprises an outer rim of Rocky River monzogranite (Zones 1–3), an intermediate zone of Sandy Creek syenogranite (Zones 4A−4C), surrounding a core of Surface Hill syenogranite (Zones 5–7). The suite is calc‐alkaline, high‐K, and varies from mildly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with increasing fractionation. Average Rb/Sr ratios range from 0.4 in the least evolved very coarse‐grained monzogranite (Zone 3) to 46 in the most evolved very fine‐grained biotite microgranite (Zone 6). Trace‐element modelling indicates that the observed compositional variation could have been produced by crystal fractionation. New bulk rock major‐ and trace‐element data for 71 samples are presented, and indicate that a compositional continuum exists that varies between 63 and 78 wt% SiO2. Importantly, there is no systematic chemical variation with spatial distribution of samples from the core of the pluton to its margin, requiring multiple separate pulses of an evolving magma to explain compositional discontinuities. The pluton is interpreted to have been emplaced at mesozonal levels (∼180 ± 60 MPa, 5–10 km depth) and crystallised at temperatures between 620 and 820°C under moderately oxidising conditions (log fO2 = −11.5 to −19). The association of gold–molybdenite mineralisation at Timbarra with moderately oxidised I‐type magmas is consistent with fractionation–redox controls on ore‐element behaviour in magmatic systems in other studies.
Unique marine Permian–Triassic boundary section from Western Australia
Authors: THOMAS B. M. , WILLINK R. J. , GRICE K. , TWITCHETT R. J. , PURCELL R. R. , ARCHBOLD N. W. , GEORGE A. D. , TYE S. , ALEXANDER R. , FOSTER C. B. , BARBER C. J. 
Published: October 2004

A unique marine Permian–Triassic boundary section containing rich oil source rocks has been continuously cored in a petroleum borehole from the Perth Basin of Western Australia. Such sequences, which provide a biostratigraphic and environmental record at the time of the largest extinction event of the past 500 million years, are globally rare, and this is the first to be documented in Australia. Throughout geological history there have been periods of global marine anoxia that commonly resulted in the widespread deposition of petroleum source rocks, most notably in the mid‐Cretaceous and Late Jurassic. An apparent paradox is that, previously, source rocks have not been recognised in association with the Permian–Triassic boundary, despite widespread marine anoxia at this time. The Perth Basin source rocks contain abundant and unusual biomarkers, apparently related to the highly specialised and limited biota that flourished in the aftermath of the end‐Permian extinction event. Local conditions may have favoured source‐rock development, either due to higher productivity resulting from coastal upwelling or through enhanced preservation under strongly anoxic conditions.
Thermodynamic modelling of lode‐gold deposits in Archaean granitoids: Woodcutters and Lady Bountiful mines, Kalgoorlie region, Western Australia
Authors: MASON D. R. 
Published: October 2004

Granitoid rocks host relatively few Archaean lode‐gold deposits, leading to the suggestion in the literature that granitoids may be geochemically less suitable host rocks because of lower Fe content compared with greenstones. Thermodynamic modelling is used to clarify alteration assemblages including gold deposition in two Archaean lode‐gold deposits in the Kalgoorlie district, Western Australia: Woodcutters and Lady Bountiful. Modelling of the Lady Bountiful deposit reproduces the proximal alteration assemblage characterised by sericite–chlorite–carbonate–pyrite at the published fluid composition and P–T conditions (P ∼200 MPa, T ∼300°C). In contrast, modelling of the Woodcutters deposit fails to produce the proximal muscovite–biotite–pyrite alteration assemblage at the published temperature of 270°C, but successfully generates that assemblage at T = 440°C, which is consistent with a reinterpretation of the published fluid‐inclusion data and with known stability of biotite at and beyond middle greenschist conditions. Epidote‐bearing alteration ‘halos’ enclosing the Woodcutters structures are shown to be incompatible with the CO2‐bearing mineralising fluid, and are reinterpreted as having formed at an earlier time from CO2‐poor fluid. Evaluation of the effect of variable abundance of FeOtotal on deposition of native gold and pyrite in Woodcutters granodiorite and monzodiorite indicates that virtually identical abundances of native gold at significant grade are formed in both granitoids, and that maximum deposition of native gold and associated pyrite is achieved in both granitoids at relatively low Fe content (FeOtotal ∼1.0 wt%). These results confirm that most granitoids represent suitable geochemical traps for deposition of lode‐gold mineralisation and therefore represent exploration targets, given the presence of appropriate structures for ingress of mineralising fluid.
Prevalence of Candida dubliniensis among the stored vaginal Candida isolates in a Turkish hospital
Authors: Acikgoz Z. C. , Sancak B. , Gamberzade S. , Misirlioglu M. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryIn this study, 600 stored Candida species, isolated from vaginal samples of immunocompetent women, and phenotypically identified as C. albicans on the basis of a positive germ tube test, were screened for the presence of C. dubliniensis by three phenotypical methods. Only one strain (0.17%) failed to grow at 45 °C, and produced abundant chlamydospores on both the cornmeal‐Tween 80 agar and the Staib agar. This strain was identified as C. dubliniensis by using the ID‐32C kit (bioMerieux Vitek) and confirmed by DNA sequencing of internal transcript spacer (ITS) region.
In vitro susceptibility testing of amorolfine in pathogenic fungi isolated from dermatomycosis patients in China
Authors: Li R.‐Y. , Wan Z. , Wang A.‐P. , Shen Y.‐N. , Lu C.‐M. , Li M. , Xi L.‐Y. , Liu W.‐D. , Zeng F.‐Q. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThe antifungal susceptibility of isolates from Chinese dermatomycosis patients to amorolfine was investigated following National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) protocols. In total, 383 isolates were tested, including 132 strains from tinea pedis, 148 strains from tinea corporis/cruris, and 103 strains from onychomycosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amorolfine against dermatophytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 μg ml−1. The MIC50 and MIC90 of amorolfine for Trichophyton rubrum were both equal to 0.04 μg ml−1; for T. mentagrophytes these MICs were 0.04 μg ml−1 and 0.08 μg ml−1 respectively; and for Epidermophyton floccosum they were 0.02 μg ml−1 and 0.04 μg ml−1 respectively. The MIC range of amorolfine against Candida parapsilosis was 0.5–16 μg ml−1. MIC50 and MIC90 for C. parapsilosis were 0.5 and 2 μg ml−1. MIC ranges of amorolfine against Scopulariopsis spp. and Acremonium spp. were 0.5–4 and 2–8 μg ml−1, respectively. Candida albicans, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus flavus required relatively higher concentrations of amorolfine to inhibit their growth (MIC 0.125–64 μg ml−1, MIC50 and MIC90 were 4 and 64 μg ml−1). The results demonstrated that amorolfine is the only topical agent that has such a potent antifungal activity and a broad spectrum against a wide range of pathogenic fungi.
Disseminated Scedosporium apiospermum infection in a previously healthy woman with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Riddell J , Chenoweth C. E. , Kauffman C. A. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryA previously healthy 33‐year‐old female died of disseminated infection with Scedosporium apiospermum in association with Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets (HELLP) syndrome following the delivery of twins. Her postpartum course was complicated by multisystem organ failure managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). She also developed bowel and left lower extremity ischemia requiring surgical resection. Blood cultures yielded S. apiospermum, and histologic findings revealed in vivo adventitious sporulation, an unusual occurrence with this pathogen. Autopsy showed extensive fungal infection of brain, lungs, thyroid, heart, and kidneys.
Oral candidosis and associated Candida species in HIV‐infected Cambodians exposed to antimycotics
Authors: Schmidt‐Westhausen A. M. , Bendick C. , Reichart P. A. , Samaranayake L. P. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryAlthough human immundeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in Southeast Asia, data on oral mycotic flora in this disease in Asians are sparse. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Candida species in HIV‐infected Cambodians with oral candidosis, unexposed (group 1) and exposed to antimycotics (group 2) and a healthy population (group 3). In 161 HIV patients with oral candidosis (group 1: 121 pts; group 2: 40 pts) and in 81 controls (group 3) swab samples of tongue and palate were obtained. Oral candidosis was detected in 100 and 70% of groups 1 and 2 respectively. Candida spp. were isolated from 91 and 100% of groups 1 and 2, respectively, and from 79% of controls. Candida albicans was the most common, with non‐albicans species such as C. tropicalis and C. krusei being notable. Our data indicate that variants of oral candidal infections in HIV disease are similar to those seen in the pre‐HAART era. The particularly high rate of C. krusei isolation in all groups is noteworthy.
Bizarre annular lesion emerging as tinea incognito
Authors: Wacker J. , Durani B. K. , Hartschuh W. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryTinea incognito has first been described in 1968. The term describes a tinea infection whose clinical morphology has been modified by the application of topical corticosteroids. The clinical manifestation can masquerade a number of other dermatoses and leads to misdiagnosis of annular eruptions. We describe a patient who showed a bizarre appearance of annular, inflammatory skin lesions at the umbilical region. Mycological culture yielded Microsporum canis.
Clinical and mycological efficacy of single‐day oral treatment with itraconazole (400 mg) in acute vulvovaginal candidosis
Authors: Urünsak M. , Ilkit M. , Evrüke C. , Urünsak I. 
Published: October 2004

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of single‐day oral treatment with itraconazole in acute vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC). Vaginitis was demonstrated by both detection of yeast cells and pseudohyphae formation on microscopic examination of vaginal discharge and mycological culture as well as by the clinical signs and symptoms. Clinical and mycological examinations of the 52 patients were performed before, 1 week (short‐term) and 4 weeks (long‐term) after single‐day oral treatment with itraconazole 200 mg b.i.d. The causative yeast fungi were: Candida albicans (76.9%), C. glabrata (9.6%), C. kefyr (9.6%) and C. krusei (3.9%), respectively. In short‐ and long‐term examinations, clinical cure rates were found to be 61.5% and 90.4%, and mycological cure rates were 63.5% and 90.4%, respectively. Itraconazole was found to be 95.0% effective with C. albicans and 75.0% with other Candida species. It is concluded that treatment of acute VVC with itraconazole is safe and effective in the long‐term.
Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis treated with terbinafine
Authors: Aste Nicola , Pau Monica 
Published: October 2004

SummaryTinea capitis is a disease found throughout the world. It frequently affects children and only rarely adults, usually post‐menopausal women. Numerous dermatophytes of the genus Microsporum and Tricophyton can cause tinea capitis and griseofulvin is still today the treatment of choice. To study the effectiveness and tolerability of terbinafine treatment in tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis we treated 26 patients – 22 children and four women – for a period of 12 weeks. Dosage adopted was 62.5 mg day−1 in patients weighing less than 20 kg, 125 mg day−1 in those weighing between 20 and 40 kg, and 250 mg day−1 in patients weighing more than 40 kg. Clinical and mycological healing was achieved in 22 patients (84.6%), tolerability was excellent and in no cases were side effects or abnormal results in blood chemistry tests observed.
Recombinant protein and DNA vaccines derived from hsp60 Trichophyton mentagrophytes control the clinical course of trichophytosis in bovine species and guinea‐pigs
Authors: Milan Raska , Alois Rybnikar , Josef Chumela , Jana Belakova , Evzen Weigl 
Published: October 2004

SummaryHeat shock proteins (hsp) were identified in many infectious agents as immunodominant antigens with a protective effect. Immunization of laboratory animals by selected representants of hsp60, hsp70 and hsp90 isolated from several pathogens induced protective host immunity and significantly reduced clinical manifestation of infection. The present study involves preparation of a recombinant protein vaccine and a DNA vaccine. Both vaccines were derived from the hsp60 of the dermatophyte, Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Challenge trials with evaluation of the protective effect of vaccination were performed on calves and guinea‐pigs. Both vaccination procedures reduced, in statistically significant fashion, the clinical course of skin mycosis in calves experimentally inoculated with the dermatophyte, T. mentagrophytes. In experiments with guinea‐pigs, increased protection was only seen with DNA vaccination. After DNA vaccine application, no paravaccination side‐effects (granulomas at the injection site, changed total state of the animal) were observed. Only vaccination with the recombinant protein in calf's experiment induced specific serum antibodies. This observation indicates that antibodies are not associated with protection. In summary, DNA vaccine hsp60 is the most promising for prevention of bovine trichophytosis.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated glomerulonephritis in Taiwanese
Authors: HUNG PEIR‐HAUR , CHIANG WEN‐CHIH , CHEN YUNG‐MING , LIN SHUEI‐LIONG , LIN WEI‐CHOU , TSAI TUN‐JUN , CHEN WAN‐YU 
Published: October 2004

SUMMARY:Aims:  This retrospective study defined the clinical features and outcome of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated glomerulonephritis in 18 seropositive Taiwanese patients (11 male, seven female; median age 64 years; range 21–82 years) with biopsy‐proven pauci‐immune necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis.Results:  Fourteen patients had a diagnosis of systemic vasculitis including 10 with microscopic polyangiitis and four with Wegener's granulomatosis; the remaining four had only glomerulonephritis. At onset, 100% of the systemic vasculitis patients had pulmonary lesions with or without haemoptysis, and 29% presented with seizure in the absence of a defined brain lesion. Median serum creatinine concentration was 362.4 µmol/L (range 61.9–857.5 µmol/L) and dialysis therapy was needed in six patients. During follow up (median 16.5 months; range 2–72 months), treatment included cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids (n = 8) or corticosteroids alone (n = 7). In some patients, treatment improved (n = 4) or stabilized (n = 4) renal function. But chronic dialysis was needed in the other 10 patients. Follow‐up death occurred because of sepsis (n = 3) and haemorrhage (n = 2). Patient survival rates were 78% (1 year) and 72% (5 years). Renal survival rates were 56 and 39% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Of the candidate clinical and pathological parameters, chronic glomerular lesions in renal biopsy were the only determinant of poor renal outcome (P = 0.006).Conclusion:  Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated glomerulonephritis should be considered in nephritic patients with extrarenal manifestations, especially pulmonary infiltrate, unexplained seizure, and fever of an unknown origin in Taiwanese patients. Renal biopsy should be performed before initiating immunosuppressive therapy because the most common cause of mortality was sepsis.