bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOR polyagglutination and Sta glycophorin in one family: relation of NOR polyagglutination to terminal α‐galactose residues and abnormal glycolipids
Authors: Kuśnierz‐Alejska Grazyna , Duk Maria , Stony Jill R. , Reid Marion E. , Wiȩcek Barbara , Seyfried Halina , Lisowska Elwira 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: This report describes the characterization of polyagglutinable red cells (RBCs), identified in two generations of a Polish family.CASE REPORT: Untreated and modified RBCs of the proposita (TS) were tested by serologic methods, using human sera, antibodies, lectins, and inhibitors of agglutination. Moreover, glycophorins were characterized by sodium docecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, and glycolipids were purified, fractionated by thin‐layer chromatography, and detected with Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA‐I, specific for galactose residues) and Griffonia simplicifolia IB4 lectin (GSL‐IB4, specific for Galα1–3Gal‐ structure). Some of the experiments were also performed on RBCs of members of TS's family.RESULTS: Polyagglutination, found in four members of TS's family, was identified as the second case of an earlier described NOR polyagglutination. The polyagglutination was decreased by treating the RBCs with α‐galactosidase and was inhibited by a neutral glycolipid fraction from NOR+ RBCs. Detection of neutral glycolipids of TS's RBCs on the thin‐layer plate by RCA‐I and GSL‐IB4 revealed the presence of components that were not detectable in control RBCs. Moreover, Western blotting of RBC membranes from five family members with glycophorin monoclonal antibodies and agglutination assays with anti‐Sta and anti‐Dantu sera identified the presence of Sta glycophorin in four members of the family, two of whom were NOR+ and two NOR–.CONCLUSION: Our results showed that two rare features of TS's RBCs, NOR polyagglutination and Sta glycophorin, are inherited independently, and that NOR+ RBCs contain neutral glycolipids with an abnormal oligosaccharide structure, most likely terminated with α‐galactosyl residues.
Alteration of red cell aggregability and shape during blood storage
Authors: Hovav Tavor , Yedgar Saul , Manny Noga , Barshtein Gregory 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Storage of blood units (for 35–42 days, depending on the preservative solution) has been reported to induce changes (e.g., reduction of sialic acid level) in red cells that are expected to alter their aggregability.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aggregability of stored red cells was monitored in their autologous plasma and compared to that obtained with washed cells in dextran‐containing buffer throughout the storage period. Red cell aggregability was determined by using a computerized image analyzer of cell flow properties.RESULTS: Blood storage induced changes in red cells that are associated with continuous increase of their aggregability. At the same time, blood storage was associated with a reduction in the level of plasma fibrinogen, the major aggregating agent in plasma. Accordingly, the increased red cell aggregability was observed in red cells stored in dextran‐containing buffer, but not in red cells stored in autologous plasma.CONCLUSION: Because blood transfusion is routinely given to patients with normal or high fibrinogen level, the transfusion of stored red cells has the potential to induce increased aggregation in vivo, depending on the storage period. This should be taken into account when blood transfusion is considered, particularly for patients with microcirculatory disorders.
Length of storage of transfused red cells and postoperative morbidity in patients undergoing coronary artery bypassgraft surgery
Authors: Vamvakas E.C. , Carven J.H. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The transfusion of old red cells (RBCs) may be associated with reduced delivery of oxygen to tissues and an increased risk of transfusion complications. The association of postoperative morbidity with the length of storage of perioperatively transfused RBCs was studied in 268 consecutive patients receiving a blood transfusion for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The postoperative length of hospitalization, the postoperative length of stay in the intensive care unit, and the length of endotracheal intubation after the day of the operation were used as surrogate measures of global postoperative morbidity. The length of storage of the oldest transfused RBC unit, the mean length of storage of the oldest and second oldest RBC units, and the mean length of storage of all RBC units transfused to each patient were tested for association with the three outcome variables. Multiple linear regression analysis and Cox proportional‐hazard analysis were used to adjust for the effects of confounding factors that pertained to each patient's severity of illness and the difficulty of each operation.RESULTS: There were no significant associations after adjustment for the effects of confounding factors.CONCLUSION: This study did not corroborate the previously reported association between transfusion of old RBCs and increased morbidity. However, there is surprisingly little research on the clinical outcomes of the transfusions of old RBCs, and this hypothesis should be investigated further.
Molecular basis of Cromer blood group antigens
Authors: Lublin D.M. , Kompelli S. , Storry J.R. , Reid M.E. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The Cromer blood group system consists of 10 antigens located on decay‐accelerating factor (DAF). Previous molecular genetic analysis has determined the basis for four of these antigens. The present study was undertaken to identify the mutations that determine the remaining antigens.STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: Existing or new data were used to localize each Cromer system antigen to a specific short consensus repeat (SCR) domain of DAF. The exon encoding that SCR domain was amplified by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on genomic DNA obtained from individuals of that Cromer phenotype, and the DNA product was subjected to DNA sequence analysis.RESULTS: The Tca/Tcc polymorphism is due to an R18P amino acid substitution in SCR1 of DAF. The Es(a+)/Es(a–) polymorphism is due to an I46N mutation in SCR1 of DAF. The WESb/WESa polymorphism is due to an L48R mutation in SCR1 of DAF. The UMC+/UMC– polymorphism is due to a T216M substitution in SCR4 of DAF.CONCLUSIONS: With information from previous reports and the findings of this study, the molecular genetic basis of all known alleles of the Cromer blood group system has been elucidated. Single amino acid substitutions are responsible for 9 of the 10 antigens (all except the multiple‐epitope antigen IFC).
The utility of ≤3‐day‐old whole‐blood platelets in reducing the incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Kelley D.L. , Mangini J. , Lopez‐Plaza I. , Triulzi D.J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) to platelet transfusions have been linked to the presence of cytokines in supernatant plasma. Cytokine concentration is directly related to WBC content and storage time. This study evaluated the effect of limiting the storage time of random‐donor platelet concentrates on the FNHTR rate.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: FNHTR rates were calculated retrospectively for single‐donor apheresis platelet (SDP) and pooled random‐donor platelet (PP) transfusions given during three consecutive 5‐month study periods (November 1995 to February 1997) to patients on a single hematology/oncology/bone marrow transplant unit. Transfusion practice policies were: Baseline Period, SDPs preferred; Study Period A, PPs preferred; and Study Period B, ≤3‐day‐old PPs preferred. FNHTR rates were calculated from physicians' interpretations of reported reactions and the total number of SDP and PP transfusions in each period. SDPs were collected on two cell separators. All platelet components were filtered at issue in the laboratory by WBC‐reduction filters.RESULTS: FNHTR rates for PP transfusions were: baseline, 11.1 percent (3/27); Study Period A, 4.6 percent (22/481); and Study Period B, 1.1 percent (3/282). The rates for SDP transfusions were 0.15 percent (1/650), 0.75 percent (2/267), and 0.36 percent (1/273), respectively. The FNHTR rate for ≤3‐day‐old PPs was significantly less than the rate for older PPs (p = 0.0086 for Study Period A vs. Study Period B), and was not significantly different than that for SDPs (p = 0.33 for PPs vs. SDPs in Study Period B).CONCLUSION: Limiting transfusion of PPs to those stored ≤3 days is an effective strategy in reducing the rate of FNHTR and results in an FNHTR rate comparable to that seen with SDPs.
HPC viability measurement: trypan blue versus acridine orange and propidium iodide
Authors: Mascotti K. , McCullough J. , Burger S.R. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A reliable, validated method for rapidly determining HPC viability is essential for clinical cell engineering.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A fluorometric cell viability assay using acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) was compared to the current standard, trypan blue (TB) exclusion. Viable cells stained with AO/PI fluoresce green under darkfield fluorescence microscopy, while nonviable cells fluoresce orange. Mixtures of fresh and heat‐killed bone marrow were prepared and used as viability standards for evaluation of both assays. The frequency of CFU‐GM was determined for each specimen.RESULTS: Cell viability measured by AO/PI was extremely linear, with measured and predicted viability in agreement from 0 to 100 percent of the viable cells and a coefficient of regression (r2) of 0.9921. The predicted‐viability regression line fell within the 95% CI for AO/PI‐measured viability. The coefficient of regression for TB‐measured viability was 0.9584, with the predicted‐viability regression line almost entirely outside the 95% CI. TB overestimated the percentage of viable cells, particularly below the 50‐percent level. CFU‐GM frequency correlated better with cell viability measured by AO/PI (r2 = 0.979) than with that measured by TB (r2 = 0.930).CONCLUSIONS: The AO/PI viability assay is a rapid, highly linear, functionally correlated assay that is superior to conventional viability measurement by TB exclusion.
Inactivation of WBCs in RBC suspensions by photoactive phenothiazine dyes: comparison of dimethylmethylene blue and MB
Authors: Skripchenko A.A. , Wagner S.J. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The transfusion of blood components containing WBCs can cause unwanted complications, which include virus transmission, transfusion‐associated GVHD, alloimmunization, febrile reactions, and immunomodulation. Phototreatment with 4 μM of dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and 13 J per cm2 of white light irradiation has previously been shown to be an effective way to inactivate different models of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses in RBC suspensions, with minimum damage to RBCs. The present study compares WBC photoinactivation in buffy coat after DMMB or MB phototreatment under virucidal conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Buffy coat diluted to 30‐percent Hct was treated with the dye and white light. Isolated WBCs were assayed for cell proliferation and viability by an assay using a tetrazolium compound, limiting dilution analysis, DNA fragmentation, and flow cytometry assays.RESULTS: DMMB and 2.5 J per cm2 of light phototreat‐ment can inactivate T cells to the limit of detection by limiting dilution analysis (>4.76 log reduction). No WBC proliferation activity was observed after DMMB and 3.8 J per cm2 of light. DNA degradation after DMMB phototreatment was light dependent. In addition, DMMB phototreatment induced apoptosis in WBCs. In contrast, MB phototreatment under virucidal conditions did not cause significant changes in the viability of WBCs. Neither DNA degradation nor signs of apoptosis were observed after MB phototreatment.CONCLUSION: DMMB phototreatment inactivates T‐lymphocytes, the cells that cause GVHD.
RBC antibody persistence
Authors: Schonewille Henk , Haak Hans L. , Van Zijl Annette M. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A person exposed to foreign blood group antigens may produce antibodies. The persistence of antibodies varies among people and among antibodies. A study was performed to investigate the persistence of clinically significant RBC alloantibodies over a period of 20 years.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective examination was performed of all records of RBC antibodies in the transfusion laboratory computer database from 1978 through 1997. Records of patients who underwent at least one antibody investigation after an antibody had been detected were studied. The study included all antibodies against the Rh, K, Fy, Jk, and MNs blood group systems. An antibody was regarded as not persistent if, after previous detection, the screening or panel studies became negative for the antibody under study. Anti‐D due to RhIg administration was excluded.RESULTS: An analysis was performed of 480 records consisting of 593 antibodies that fulfilled the criteria. Median antibody follow‐up was 10 months (range, 1‐240). In 137 patients, 153 (26%) antibodies became undetectable over the course of time. After initial negative screening investigations, 310 antibodies were formed. The antibodies that were still detectable had a median follow‐up of 7 months (range, 1‐193). A patient's age, sex, and antibody specificity were of no influence on the length of time that antibodies were detectable. Antibodies detected with a more sensitive screening technique were less persistent (p = 0.0002). For 28 patients, detection of antibodies was highly irregular.CONCLUSIONS: About 25 percent of all antibodies became undetectable over the course of time. The antibody screening technique used, rather than the antibody specificity, affected these results. To prevent delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions, precise antibody documentation is of great importance.
The survival, function, and hemolysis of human RBCs stored at 4°C in additive solution (AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5) for 42 days and then biochemically modified, frozen, thawed, washed, and stored at 4°C in sodium chloride and glucose solution for 24 hours
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Pivacek Linda E. , Cassidy George P. , Ragno Gina 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A study was done to assess the quality of RBCs stored at 4°C in AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5 for 42 days before biochemical modification and freezing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: RBCs were stored at 4°C for 42 days in AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5 and then biochemically modified with pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine solution (Rejuvesol), frozen with 40‐percent (wt/vol) glycerol, and stored at –80°C for at least 2 months. The RBCs were deglycerolized by the use of a cell washer (Haemonetics 115), and stored for 24 hours at 4°C in a 0.9‐percent sodium chloride and 0.2‐percent glucose solution before the autologous transfusion.RESULTS: The mean freeze‐thaw‐wash recovery process produced RBC recovery values of 85 percent, with the mean 24‐hour posttransfusion survival at 75 percent, and the mean index of therapeutic effectiveness at 64 percent for the RBCs stored at 4°C in AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5 for 42 days before biochemical modification and freezing. All the units exhibited normal or slightly higher than normal 2,3 DPG levels after deglycerolization and postwash storage at 4°C for 24 hours.CONCLUSION: RBCs stored in AS‐1, AS‐3, or AS‐5 at 4°C for 42 days and then biochemically modified with pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine and glycerolized, frozen, washed, and stored at 4°C for 24 hours before autologous transfusion had acceptable in vitro and in vivo measurements.
Isolation of an IgG anti‐B from a human Fab‐phage display library
Authors: Chang Tylis Y. , Siegel Don L. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: ABO incompatibility is a common cause for mild hemolysis in the newborn, ranging from 1 in 30 to 1 in 150 births. Fortunately, hemolysis requiring transfusion is rare and restricted to blood group O mothers, because blood group A and B individuals make poor IgG anti‐B and anti‐A responses. No human IgG ABO antibody sequences have been reported, in part because of the difficulty in obtaining human IgG hybridomas. Phage‐display technology may be able to circumvent these difficulties, but its application to carbohydrate antigens is poorly studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A human IgG1 phage‐display Fab library was constructed from splenocytes derived from a nonhyperimmunized blood group O person, and panned against group B RBCs.RESULTS: After five rounds of panning, essentially all phage bound to group B RBCs. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a single monoclonal IgG1λ phage, FB5.7, revealed a highly mutated VH4 family heavy chain, and a nearly germline VL7 family λ light chain. The Fab agglutinated group B, but not group A, random‐donor RBCs. However, group B ELISA reactivity could be inhibited by soluble B‐trisaccharide, soluble A‐trisaccharide, galactose, and N‐acetyl galactosamine. Similarly, galactose and N‐acetyl galactosamine were able to inhibit group B RBC agglutination.CONCLUSION: FB5.7 is the first human IgG ABO MoAb described. Alhough it behaves serologically like a group B‐specific antibody, it demonstrates interaction with both the A and B epitopes. Phage‐display technology can be used to better define the relationship between antibody genotype and phenotype in anti‐carbohydrate responses in nonhyperimmunized hosts, and thus to improve our understanding of the composition of the antibody repertoire.
PCR screening for common weak D types shows different distributions in three Central European populations
Authors: Müller Thomas H. , Wagner Franz F. , Trockenbacher Andreas , Eicher Nicole I. , Flegel Willy A. , Schönitzer Diether , Schunter Friedrich , Gassner Christoph 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: DNA sequencing showed RHD mutations for all weak D phenotypes investigated in a study from Southwestern Germany. Molecular classification of weak D offers a more reliable basis than serotyping and is relevant for optimal D transfusion strategies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sequence‐specific primers were designed to detect weak D types 1 to 5 and the partial D phenotype HMi in a modular set for conventional PCR analysis. Alternatively, all reactions were multiplexed into a single tube, and the products were identified after automated capillary electrophoresis by their size and fluorescence. Weak D phenotype samples from 436 donors in the Tyrol (Austria) and Northern Germany were investigated by PCR.RESULTS: More than 90 percent of the weak D types identified by PCR represented type 1, 2, or 3. The distribution among the common types varied between the Tyrol and Northern Germany (p<0.0001). Three new RHD alleles were identified.CONCLUSION: A PCR method of detecting the common weak D types was validated. This PCR system introduces a simple and rapid tool for routine DNA typing of weak D samples. The results confirmed that all weak D phenotype samples identified by current serologic criteria carry altered D proteins.
Umbilical cord blood progeny cells that retaina CD34+ phenotype after ex vivo expansion have less engraftment potential than unexpanded CD34+ cells
Authors: Xu Ruiling , Reems Jo Anna 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Because of the limitation of cell numbers associated with cord blood harvests, there is a need to determine the efficacy of using ex vivo‐expanded cord blood cells in a transplantation setting. In this study, limiting‐dilution analysis was used in nonobese diabetic mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) to compare the engraftment potential of progeny cells expressing the CD34+ phenotype after expansion with that of uncultured CD34+ cells.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Cord blood CD34+ cells were cultured in Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium supplemented with 10‐percent fetal calf serum (FCS) and IL‐6, SCF, megakaryocyte growth and development factor, and Flt3 ligand. The resulting ex vivo‐expanded products were assessed for total numbers of nucleated cells, CD34+ cells, and CFUs and long‐term culture‐initiating cell activity. The engraftment potentials of cultured progeny CD34+ cells and uncultured CD34+ cells were determined by using NOD/SCID mice.RESULTS: After 14 days of culture, total nucleated cell counts increased over input values by 180 ± 59‐fold, CD34+ cell numbers by 44 ± 13‐fold, CFU activity by 23 ± 5‐fold, and long‐term culture‐initiating cell activity by 20 ± 6‐fold (mean ± SD; n = 6). The frequency of SCID‐repopulating cells (SRC) in mice transplanted with uncultured products was 1 per 20,000 CD34+ cells (95% CI, 1:10,000‐1:38,000) and that in mice receiving ex vivo‐expanded products was 1 per 418,000 progeny CD34+ cells (95% CI, 1:158,000‐1:1,100,000). Taken together, these data indicated that, after 2 weeks of culture, there was a modest twofold increase in the total number of SRCs. However, the levels of human CD45 cell engraftment in NOD/SCID recipients of progeny CD34+ cells were significantly lower than those in mice receiving equivalent numbers of uncultured CD34+ cells (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord blood progeny cells retaining a CD34+ phenotype after ex vivo expansion have less engraftment potential than do unexpanded CD34+ cells.
A novel, automated method of temperature cycling to produce cryoprecipitate
Authors: Rock Gail , Berger Rachel , Lange John , Tokessy Melanie , Palmer Douglas S. , Giulivi Antonio 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Cryoprecipitate continues to find wide application in transfusion practice. Current AABB standards call for a minimum of 80 units (U) of factor VIII and 150 mg of fibrinogen per bag of cryoprecipitate. However, individual cryoprecipitates can vary greatly in content, with as many as 20 different factors known to affect the yield.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma was processed in a new, rapid, automated device (CryoSeal, Thermogenesis) with computer‐controlled temperature cycling to produce cryoprecipitate.RESULTS: In repeat runs (n = 20), the automated procedure yielded a product containing 184 mg of fibrinogen and 158 U of factor VIII in 55 minutes. Additional studies using plasma pools to compare the quality of the machine‐generated products to those of traditionally prepared cryoprecipitate showed comparative recoveries of 182 and 187 mg of fibrinogen and 172.1 and 129.7 U of factor VIII and no significant difference in the levels of plasminogen, protein C, or protein S.CONCLUSION: The new system offers an automated method of cryoprecipitate production in which the steps involved in temperature cycling are initiated sequentially, producing within 1 hour a preparation that is equivalent to standard cryoprecipitate.