bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between maternal body mass index and breast milk composition: a systematic review
Authors: Hashemi Javaheri Fatemeh Sadat , Karbin Karim , Senobari Mohammad Amin , Hakim Hakime Ghadiri , Hashemi Mohammad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Context
Breast milk composition is influenced by many factors, ranging from maternal nutritional status to infant sex. Previous studies have explored the relationship between maternal body mass index (BMI) and breast milk composition; however, the findings have been inconsistent and controversial.

Objective
To systematically review the evidence on the association of maternal weight and BMI with breast milk composition.

Data Sources
The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up to May 3, 2023, using the following search strategy: (“maternal weight” OR “maternal BMI” OR “mother’s weight” OR “mother’s BMI”) AND (“maternal milk” OR “human milk” OR “breast milk”).

Data Extraction
A total of 83 publications, involving data from more than 11 310 lactating women, were identified. All extracted data were compiled, compared, and critically analyzed.

Data Analysis
Overall, maternal BMI was associated with higher levels of leptin and insulin, and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk. However, no conclusive associations were found between maternal BMI and the levels of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and other components of breast milk.

Conclusions
This systematic review provides robust evidence supporting a positive correlation between maternal BMI and breast milk concentrations of leptin, insulin, and the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. Nevertheless, disparities in findings are noticeable for other constituents of breast milk. To comprehensively grasp the influence of maternal weight and BMI on breast milk composition, further research endeavors are imperative.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023458667.
Ethylene inhibits photosynthesis via temporally distinct responses in tomato plants
Authors: Mohorović Petar , Geldhof Batist , Holsteens Kristof , Rinia Marilien , Daems Stijn , Reijnders Timmy , Ceusters Johan , Van den Ende Wim , Van de Poel Bram 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Ethylene is a volatile plant hormone that regulates many developmental processes and responses toward (a)biotic stress. Studies have shown that high levels of ethylene repress vegetative growth in many important crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), possibly by inhibiting photosynthesis. We investigated the temporal effects of ethylene on young tomato plants using an automated ethylene gassing system to monitor the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses through time course RNA-seq of a photosynthetically active source leaf. We found that ethylene evokes a dose-dependent inhibition of photosynthesis, which can be characterized by 3 temporally distinct phases. The earliest ethylene responses that marked the first phase and occurred a few hours after the start of the treatment were leaf epinasty and a decline in stomatal conductance, which led to lower light perception and CO2 uptake, respectively, resulting in a rapid decline of soluble sugar levels (glucose, fructose). The second phase of the ethylene effect was marked by low carbohydrate availability, which modulated plant energy metabolism to adapt by using alternative substrates (lipids and proteins) to fuel the TCA cycle. Long-term continuous exposure to ethylene led to the third phase, characterized by starch and chlorophyll breakdown, which further inhibited photosynthesis, leading to premature leaf senescence. To reveal early (3 h) ethylene-dependent regulators of photosynthesis, we performed a ChIP-seq experiment using anti-ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3-like 1 (EIL1) antibodies and found several candidate transcriptional regulators. Collectively, our study revealed a temporal sequence of events that led to the inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene and identified potential transcriptional regulators responsible for this regulation.
Credit Risk Sharing and Credit Market Regulation
Authors: Subramanian Ajay 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
I show how aggregate risk influences credit default swap (CDS) markets and CDS regulation in an analytically tractable general equilibrium framework. For low aggregate risk, the equilibrium with unregulated CDS markets is efficient with bondholders being fully insured. A general efficient allocation can be implemented via transfers alone. For intermediate aggregate risk, a margin requirement on CDS sellers is also necessary to implement the general efficient allocation. If aggregate risk is sufficiently high, unregulated CDS markets break down. A margin requirement on CDS sellers restores equilibrium and efficiency, but it must be maximally stringent and accompanied by constraints on CDS purchases by buyers. (JEL G22, G28, D52)
The Drama of Elections: Election Plays in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Packham Kendra 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This article breaks new literary and historical ground by recovering a rich but forgotten dramatic genre, and its literary and political significance: the eighteenth-century election play. It examines a range of plays which took contemporary elections as a key dramatic subject and setting—including a previously unexplored manuscript work which engages with the culture and politics of Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe—and argues that these plays open new perspectives on the period’s literature and politics, and the vital exchanges between them. Elections fuelled dramatic creativity and culture. Popular politics afforded profitable themes and occasions for comedy, satire, and heroic representations, supplying characters, settings, plots, and spectacle. Such plays, in turn, energized political culture. Election plays were circulated and performed not only when and where elections took place, and, although subject to forms of censorship, they encouraged active political engagement across the social spectrum and across the country in terms of their authors, audiences, and performers. Engaging with popular dramatic forms as well as popular politics, these plays popularized different perspectives, shaped by particular performances and conventions. They contributed to the conceptualization and commercialization of politics, fuelling a market for entertaining representations of the ‘humours’ of elections and a culture in which contested elections were seen as a key aspect of life and debate. At a time when the right—and opportunity—to vote for MPs was highly restricted, election plays both reflected, and helped to fuel and shape, an adversarial, far-reaching culture of elections and electioneering.
Fields of Knowledge under Construction: Pedology and Medico-pedagogical Approaches in France at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Arnaud Sabine 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Examining the work of Georges Paul-Boncour and Jean Philippe, two now almost forgotten physicians active from the turn of the twentieth century on in the medical and educational field of ‘school hygiene’ for so-called abnormal children, this article exemplifies a specific current in psychiatry whose terms first kept oscillating between medico-pedagogical treatment and therapeutic hygiene. I investigate how Paul-Boncour and Philippe’s interest in abnormal children led them to challenge education as a whole. By attempting to individualise education, the two doctors were swimming against the tide of regular schooling, which evaluated children on their ability to fit in with others and fulfil preset expectations. The conflicts between these physicians and their contemporaries (teachers, psychologists, lawyers) attest the emergence of a dimension in psychiatry that was rooted in collaboration with teachers, as doctors and teachers worked together for the full development of ‘pedology’, the scientific study of children’s development.
The testis, eunuchs, and testosterone: a historical review over the ages and around the world
Authors: Morgentaler Abraham , Hanafy Han M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone therapy for men with testosterone deficiency is widely used, yet remains controversial. The rich and fascinating history of the testicles, including human castration, provides a valuable perspective on this important topic.

Objectives
This study reviewed the history of testosterone from antiquity to the modern day.

Methods
Primary sources consisted of books and relevant articles, augmented by a MEDLINE search using the key words “testis,” “testicles,” “castration,” “eunuchs,” “testosterone,” and “testicular function.”

Results
An early scientific observation was that castration reduced sexual development and activity, originating with domestication of animals approximately 10 000 years ago. Human castration appears in ancient Egyptian mythology more than 4000 years ago, in Greek mythology from 8th century BCE, and in the Bible. The history of eunuchs in China spanned 2000 years, beginning with the Hsia dynasty (2205-1766 BCE). The concept that the testicles produced some factor responsible for male sexual development and behavior was thus known throughout the world since the beginning of recorded history. Testosterone was isolated and synthesized in 1935 and was soon available as a treatment. Multiple benefits of testosterone therapy were apparent by 1940. Recent large, controlled testosterone studies have conclusively demonstrated sexual and general health benefits, with a strong safety profile.

Conclusion
Testosterone has been a known substance for &lt;1% of the historical timeline, yet knowledge that the testes were responsible for male sexual development and behavior has been known since the beginning of recorded history. Today, modern evidence has demonstrated the importance of normal levels of testosterone for general health as well as sexual function and desire. Yet, testosterone therapy remains controversial. We believe this historical review provides a helpful perspective on this age-old issue.
Nurse Faculty Perceptions of External Factors Affecting Psychological Capital and Leadership Development
Authors: Singh Ashley 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a higher order construct that includes four psychological capacities: hope, efficacy, resiliency, and optimism (known as HERO). PsyCap can be instrumental in navigating workplace challenges; it can be impeded by factors within the environment that may also impact intention to seek leadership development.

METHOD
A descriptive, qualitative study guided by Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology sought to explore faculty perceptions of the external factors of workload, organizational support, organizational resources, and incentive on PsyCap and intent to seek leadership development.

RESULTS
Analysis uncovered three themes: reset button, driving factors for seeking leadership development, and faculty as leaders.

CONCLUSION
External factors can either hinder or promote PsyCap and intent to seek leadership development. Constructs within PsyCap are critical for nursing faculty to achieve a “reset.” Organizations should offer resources or support to further foster PsyCap.
Potassium Leak Channels and Mitochondrial Complex I Interact in Glutamatergic Interneurons of the Mouse Spinal Cord
Authors: Woods Christian B. , Predoi Beatrice , Howe Miranda , Reczek Colleen R. , Kayser Ernst-Bernhard , Ramirez Jan-Marino , Morgan Philip G. , Sedensky Margaret M. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Volatile anesthetics induce hyperpolarizing potassium currents in spinal cord neurons that may contribute to their mechanism of action. They are induced at lower concentrations of isoflurane in noncholinergic neurons from mice carrying a loss-of-function mutation of the Ndufs4 gene, required for mitochondrial complex I function. The yeast NADH dehydrogenase enzyme, NDi1, can restore mitochondrial function in the absence of normal complex I activity, and gain-of-function Ndi1 transgenic mice are resistant to volatile anesthetics. The authors tested whether NDi1 would reduce the hyperpolarization caused by isoflurane in neurons from Ndufs4 and wild-type mice. Since volatile anesthetic behavioral hypersensitivity in Ndufs4 is transduced uniquely by glutamatergic neurons, it was also tested whether these currents were also unique to glutamatergic neurons in the Ndufs4 spinal cord.

Methods
Spinal cord neurons from wild-type, NDi1, and Ndufs4 mice were patch clamped to characterize isoflurane sensitive currents. Neuron types were marked using fluorescent markers for cholinergic, glutamatergic, and γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated (GABAergic) neurons. Norfluoxetine was used to identify potassium channel type. Neuron type–specific Ndufs4 knockout animals were generated using type-specific Cre-recombinase with floxed Ndufs4.

Results
Resting membrane potentials (RMPs) of neurons from NDi1;Ndufs4, unlike those from Ndufs4, were not hyperpolarized by 0.6% isoflurane (Ndufs4, ΔRMP –8.2 mV [–10 to –6.6]; P = 1.3e-07; Ndi1;Ndufs4, ΔRMP –2.1 mV [–7.6 to +1.4]; P = 1). Neurons from NDi1 animals in a wild-type background were not hyperpolarized by 1.8% isoflurane (wild-type, ΔRMP, –5.2 mV [–7.3 to –3.2]; P = 0.00057; Ndi1, ΔRMP, 0.6 mV [–1.7 to 3.2]; P = 0.68). In spinal cord slices from global Ndufs4 animals, holding currents (HC) were induced by 0.6% isoflurane in both GABAergic (ΔHC, 81.3 pA [61.7 to 101.4]; P = 2.6e-05) and glutamatergic (ΔHC, 101.2 pA [63.0 to 146.2]; P = 0.0076) neurons. In neuron type–specific Ndufs4 knockouts, HCs were increased in cholinergic (ΔHC, 119.5 pA [82.3 to 156.7]; P = 0.00019) and trended toward increase in glutamatergic (ΔHC, 85.5 pA [49 to 126.9]; P = 0.064) neurons but not in GABAergic neurons.

Conclusions
Bypassing complex I by overexpression of NDi1 eliminates increases in potassium currents induced by isoflurane in the spinal cord. The isoflurane-induced potassium currents in glutamatergic neurons represent a potential downstream mechanism of complex I inhibition in determining minimum alveolar concentration.

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Oral anti-coagulants use in Chinese hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lin Jing , Long Deyong , Jiang Chenxi , Sang Caihua , Tang Ribo , Li Songnan , Wang Wei , Guo Xueyuan , Ning Man , Sun Zhaoqing , Yang Na , Hao Yongchen , Liu Jun , Liu Jing , Du Xin , Morgan Louise , Fonarow Gregg C. , Smith Sidney C. , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Zhao Dong , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng ,   On behalf of CCC-AF investigators
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background:
Oral anti-coagulants (OAC) are the intervention for the prevention of stroke, which consistently improve clinical outcomes and survival among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The main purpose of this study is to identify problems in OAC utilization among hospitalized patients with AF in China.

Methods:
Using data from the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-Atrial Fibrillation (CCC-AF) registry, guideline-recommended OAC use in eligible patients was assessed.

Results:
A total of 52,530 patients with non-valvular AF were enrolled from February 2015 to December 2019, of whom 38,203 were at a high risk of stroke, 9717 were at a moderate risk, and 4610 were at a low risk. On admission, only 20.0% (6075/30,420) of patients with a diagnosed AF and a high risk of stroke were taking OAC. The use of pre-hospital OAC on admission was associated with a lower risk of new-onset ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack among the diagnosed AF population (adjusted odds ratio: 0.54, 95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.68; P <0.001). At discharge, the prescription rate of OAC was 45.2% (16,757/37,087) in eligible patients with high stroke risk and 60.7% (2778/4578) in eligible patients with low stroke risk. OAC utilization in patients with high stroke risk on admission or at discharge both increased largely over time (all P <0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that OAC utilization at discharge was positively associated with in-hospital rhythm control strategies, including catheter ablation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 11.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.04–13.47; P <0.001), electronic cardioversion (adjusted OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.65–3.51; P <0.001), and anti-arrhythmic drug use (adjusted OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.38–1.53; P <0.001).

Conclusions:
In hospitals participated in the CCC-AF project, >70% of AF patients were at a high risk of stroke. Although poor performance on guideline-recommended OAC use was found in this study, over time the CCC-AF project has made progress in stroke prevention in the Chinese AF population.Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02309398.
Family Planning Experiences and Challenges of Mohs Fellowship Trainees
Authors: Kuo Alyce M. , Dusza Stephen W. , Minkis Kira , Pugliano-Mauro Melissa , Stevenson Mary , Yu Siegrid , Lee Erica H. 
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND
There is a paucity of literature describing family planning challenges faced by Mohs fellows.

OBJECTIVE
To characterize perceptions about and experiences with family planning, fertility, lactation, and parental leave and identify ways to support parental health and family planning for Mohs fellows.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A voluntary, anonymous survey was distributed to Mohs surgeons who recently completed fellowship.

RESULTS
In total, 116 Mohs surgeons completed the survey. Their mean age was 34.5 years old, and more were female (n = 81, 69.8%) than male (n = 35, 30.2%). Most had children before completion of their Mohs training (n = 73, 62.9%). The most significant barrier to having children during fellowship was “loss of education or training time.” Over 20% (n = 23) of respondents or their partner had experienced infertility. Half of the 20 respondents (n = 10) who breastfed or pumped did not have a convenient place to do so.

CONCLUSION
This study elucidates trainee perceptions and gaps in parental support for Mohs fellowship trainees. In addition, barriers to implementing a universal family planning policy in Mohs surgery are discussed.
The Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor d (Mrgprd) mediates pain hypersensitivity in painful diabetic neuropathy
Authors: George Dale S. , Jayaraj Nirupa D. , Pacifico Paola , Ren Dongjun , Sriram Nikhil , Miller Rachel E. , Malfait Anne-Marie , Miller Richard J. , Menichella Daniela Maria 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common and intractable complications of diabetes. Painful diabetic neuropathy is characterized by neuropathic pain accompanied by dorsal root ganglion (DRG) nociceptor hyperexcitability, axonal degeneration, and changes in cutaneous innervation. However, the complete molecular profile underlying the hyperexcitable cellular phenotype of DRG nociceptors in PDN has not been elucidated. This gap in our knowledge is a critical barrier to developing effective, mechanism-based, and disease-modifying therapeutic approaches that are urgently needed to relieve the symptoms of PDN. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of DRGs, we demonstrated an increased expression of the Mas-related G protein–coupled receptor d (Mrgprd) in a subpopulation of DRG neurons in the well-established high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model of PDN. Importantly, limiting Mrgprd signaling reversed mechanical allodynia in the HFD mouse model of PDN. Furthermore, in vivo calcium imaging allowed us to demonstrate that activation of Mrgprd-positive cutaneous afferents that persist in diabetic mice skin resulted in an increased intracellular calcium influx into DRG nociceptors that we assess in vivo as a readout of nociceptors hyperexcitability. Taken together, our data highlight a key role of Mrgprd-mediated DRG neuron excitability in the generation and maintenance of neuropathic pain in a mouse model of PDN. Hence, we propose Mrgprd as a promising and accessible target for developing effective therapeutics currently unavailable for treating neuropathic pain in PDN.
Increased risk of persistent neuropathic pain after traumatic nerve injury and surgery for carriers of a human leukocyte antigen haplotype
Authors: Miclescu Adriana , Rönngren Clara , Bengtsson Mats , Gordh Torsten , Hedin Anders 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
It is not known why some patients develop persistent pain after nerve trauma while others do not. Among multiple risk factors for the development of persistent posttrauma and postsurgical pain, a neuropathic mechanism due to iatrogenic nerve lesion has been proposed as the major cause of these conditions. Because there is some evidence that the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system plays a role in persistent postsurgical pain, this study aimed to identify the genetic risk factors, specifically among HLA loci, associated with chronic neuropathic pain after traumatic nerve injuries and surgery in the upper extremities. Blood samples were taken to investigate the contribution of HLA alleles (ie, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DPB1) in a group of patients with persistent neuropathic pain (n = 70) and a group of patients with neuropathy without pain (n = 61). All subjects had intraoperatively verified nerve damage in the upper extremity. They underwent bedside clinical neurological examination to identify the neuropathic pain component according to the present grading system of neuropathic pain. Statistical analyses on the allele and haplotype were conducted using the BIGDAWG package. We found that the HLA haplotype A*02:01-B*15:01-C*03:04-DRB1*04:01-DQB1*03:02 was associated with an increased risk of developing persistent neuropathic pain in the upper extremity (OR = 9.31 [95% CI 1.28-406.45], P < 0.05). No significant associations were found on an allele level when correcting for multiple testing. Further studies are needed to investigate whether this association is on a haplotypic level or if certain alleles may be causing the association.
Identifying Barriers and Facilitators to Veterans Affairs Whole Health Integration Using the Updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research
Authors: Kimpel Christine C. , Myer Elizabeth Allen , Cupples Anagha , Roman Jones Joanne , Seidler Katie J. , Rick Chelsea K. , Brown Rebecca , Rawlins Caitlin , Hadler Rachel , Tsivitse Emily , Lawlor Mary Ann C. , Ratcliff Amy , Holt Natalie R. , Callaway-Lane Carol , Godwin Kyler , Ecker Anthony H. 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Veterans Affairs (VA) implemented the Veteran-centered Whole Health System initiative across VA sites with approaches to implementation varying by site.

Purpose:
Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we aimed to synthesize systemic barriers and facilitators to Veteran use with the initiative. Relevance to healthcare quality, systematic comparison of implementation procedures across a national healthcare system provides a comprehensive portrait of strengths and opportunities for improvement.

Methods:
Advanced fellows from 11 VA Quality Scholars sites performed the initial data collection, and the final report includes CFIR-organized results from six sites.

Results:
Key innovation findings included cost, complexity, offerings, and accessibility. Inner setting barriers and facilitators included relational connections and communication, compatibility, structure and resources, learning centeredness, and information and knowledge access. Finally, results regarding individuals included innovation deliverers, implementation leaders and team, and individual capability, opportunity, and motivation to implement and deliver whole health care.

Discussion and implications:
Examination of barriers and facilitators suggest that Whole Health coaches are key components of implementation and help to facilitate communication, relationship building, and knowledge access for Veterans and VA employees. Continuous evaluation and improvement of implementation procedures at each site is also recommended.