bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Irish English by Recent Migrants
Authors: Diskin-Holdaway Chloé 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents the different ways Irish English has been perceived and portrayed from the twelfth century into the present day. I present these three distinct groups as actors in a triangular relationship where linguists are central in describing observed language variation, analysing language perceptions, and understanding the importance of media representations of language varieties. These three approaches reinforce the notion of Irishness—and more to the point, specific types of Irishness—through sound and vision. The current chapter seeks to examine the through lines between the observations of linguists, the perceptions of non-linguists and the ways that writers access and manipulate these data in crafting believable and authentic texts. The chapter ends with the experimental model of language use, perception, and representation as proposed by the author.
Medicines and other factors causing deaths in English and welsh care homes: five-years of preventing future death reports by coroners
Authors: Irons Malcolm , Auta Asa , Portlock Jane Caroline , Manfrin Andrea 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background
Whilst information has been published on the impact, severity and causes of incidents involving medicines in care homes, it has not been systematically described. This review explored whether coroners’ Preventing Future Death (PFD) reports involving medicines for people living in care homes could add to this evidence base.

Methods
PFD reports made publicly available between 2017 and 2021 classified as ‘care home-related deaths’ were reviewed. Reports describing medicines and/or medicines processes were identified. Contributory factors within these reports were then identified.

Results
Within the timeframe, 156 reports were published, and 25 described medicines (n = 27) or medicines processes (n = 5) concerning people living in care homes. The impact of medicines and/or medicines processes was quantified as no impact (n = 7), contributory (n = 6) and direct (n = 14) per report. Two key themes emerged. Four deaths had an association between their falls risk, prescribed anticoagulants, and the failure of the service to seek timely emergency care following a fall and two deaths concerned endocrine medicines, where people refused insulin or blood sugar monitoring and staff did not seek timely advice.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated PFD reports provide an insight into the potential association between medicines, and other aspects of the person’s care in causing harm.
The Global Transcription Regulator XooClp Governs Type IV Pili System-Mediated Bacterial Virulence by Directly Binding to TFP-Chp Promoters to Coordinate Virulence Associated Functions
Authors: Verma Raj Kumar , Gondu Parimala , Saha Tirthankar , Chatterjee Subhadeep 
Published: December 2023

Type IV pili (TFP) play a crucial role in the sensing of the external environment for several bacteria. This surface sensing is essential for the lifestyle transitions of several bacteria and involvement in pathogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying TFP's integration of environmental cues, particularly in regulating the TFP-Chp system and its effects on Xanthomonas physiology, social behavior, and virulence, remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on investigating Clp, a global transcriptional regulator similar to CRP-like proteins, in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a plant pathogen. Our findings reveal that Clp integrates environmental cues detected through diffusible signaling factor (DSF) quorum sensing into the TFP-Chp regulatory system. It accomplishes this by directly binding to TFP-Chp promoters in conjunction with intracellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP, a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger, thereby controlling TFP expression. Moreover, Clp-mediated regulation is involved in regulating several cellular processes, including the production of virulence-associated functions. Collectively, these processes contribute to host colonization and disease initiation. Our study elucidates the intricate regulatory network encompassing Clp, environmental cues, and the TFP-Chp system, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms that drive bacterial virulence in Xanthomonas spp. These findings offer valuable knowledge regarding Xanthomonas pathogenicity and present new avenues for innovative strategies aimed at combating plant diseases caused by these bacteria. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
The IMPACT (Infection Management Plus Addiction Care Together) Pilot: A Case Series of Combined Contingency Management for Substance Use Disorders and Antibiotic Adherence in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Appa Ayesha , Baral Stefan , Stein Brianna , Knight Kelly , Gandhi Monica , Coffin Phillip , Martin Marlene 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
Psychostimulant-related mortality is rising alongside increasing substance use-related hospitalizations, which are commonly complicated by patient-directed (or “against medical advice”) discharges. Contingency management (CM) is an underused evidence-based treatment for substance use disorders with proven efficacy to support medication adherence. Our objective was to describe feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a novel CM intervention incentivizing both drug use reduction and antibiotic adherence in the hospital setting.

Methods
We conducted a pilot intervention of twice weekly CM for stimulant and/or opioid use disorder and antibiotic adherence conducted on inpatient wards and/or an embedded skilled nursing facility in an urban public hospital. Based on point-of-care urine drug test results and objective antibiotic adherence review, participants earned increasing opportunities to receive incentives. We measured feasibility via number of visits attempted and cost of gift cards dispensed. We evaluated effectiveness via antibiotic completion, discharge type, and participant perception of intervention effectiveness collected via structured survey.

Results
Of 13 participants enrolled, most had opioid use disorder (fentanyl in 10/13) and stimulant use disorder (methamphetamine in 7/13). Almost all were receiving treatment for osteomyelitis and/or endocarditis (12/13). Feasibility challenges included competing demands of acute care with variable range of completed visits per participant (1–12 visits). Despite this, antibiotic completion was high (92%, 12/13 participants) with only two patient-directed discharges. Participants described CM as very effective in aiding infection treatment but had greater variability in beliefs regarding CM facilitation of reduced drug use.

Conclusions
Providing CM in the hospital setting may represent an effective approach to improving health outcomes by increasing antibiotic adherence and addressing substance use.
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN A CHILD WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Morikawa Hazuki , Yoshida Tomoyo , Kashizuka Emi , Hayashi Shion , Yokoi Tadashi , Tomita Kaoru , Azuma Noriyuki , Nishina Sachiko 
Published: December 2023

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report a case of Down syndrome with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the treatment outcome.

Methods:

Case report: Main outcome measures include refractive error, fundus examination, optical coherence tomography, OCT angiography, fluorescein angiography, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections.

Results:
A 12-year-old boy with Down syndrome presented at a regular checkup with decreased visual acuity with macular degeneration in the left eye. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.6 in the right eye and 0.1 in the left eye, which decreased from 0.3 one year ago. The refractive error (spherical equivalent) was −5.25 diopters (D) in the right eye and −8.00 D in the left eye. Detailed examinations were performed under general anesthesia. The fundus examination showed macular degeneration with retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, pigmentary changes, and fibrous tissue in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography showed CNV at the macula with edema, and OCT angiography showed spreading CNV above the retinal pigment epithelium at the macula in the left eye. Fluorescein angiography showed hyperfluorescence in the early phase and late dye leakage from the CNV. Intravitreal ranibizumab injections were administered twice within 2 months, and he maintained a visual acuity of 0.1 in the left eye.

Conclusion:
CNV and associated macular degeneration may occur in Down syndrome with high myopia possibly because of the abnormal choroidal structure. In children with Down syndrome, regular fundus examinations with optical coherence tomography are important for early detection and treatment of CNV.
Blood Pressure Regulation in Persons with a Transfemoral Amputation: Effects of Wearing a Prosthesis
Authors: Nishioka Yasuko , Hoekstra Sven , Sawada Koshiro , Nakamura Takeshi , Tajima Fumihiro , Mikami Yasuo 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing a transfemoral prosthesis (FP) on blood pressure regulation in response to postural change.

METHODS
We enrolled seven persons with a transfemoral amputation who underwent a head-up tilt test while wearing an FP (PROS test) and without wearing an FP (control [CON] test). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate variability, and muscle blood flow using near-infrared spectroscopy were measured continuously.

RESULTS
In the CON (no FP) test, SBP decreased from supine to standing positions in all participants (P = 0.001). In contrast, in the PROS (wearing an FP) test, SBP increased (P = 0.001) during the postural change.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that a transfemoral prosthesis increases peripheral vascular resistance in the lower limbs and stimulates the baroreflex, helping to stabilize the circulatory dynamics upon postural change.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Because circulatory dynamics may be hampered in persons with a transfemoral amputation, wearing a prosthesis not only assists in ambulation but can also play a significant role in blood pressure regulation during activities of daily living.
Clinical Characteristics and Detection Sensitivity of Cervical Cancer Screening in Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Chen Yusha , Chen Qiaoyun , Xue Huifeng , Zheng Jinwen , Chen Jiancui , Zheng Xiangqin 
Published: December 2023

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and screening history of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) or vaginal cancer and compare the sensitivity of cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) tests on the cervix against vaginal and cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or cancer.

Methods
This study included patients who underwent colposcopy-directed biopsy and were diagnosed with VaIN or vaginal cancer from February 2013 to November 2022. Clinical information was obtained from the medical records of the department. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS 26.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) using t test, chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.

Results
A total of 1,166 patients were included in this study. The median age of VaIN2+ patients was 50.5 years, whereas VaIN1 reported a median age of 42.1 years old, p < .001. This study reported that VaIN was significantly and positively correlated with cervical lesions (r = 0.244). The high-risk HPV (hr-HPV) detection rate was 88.2% (858/973) in VaIN and 95.2% in VaIN2+. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most prevalent HPV type in VaIN2+, which accounted for 54.9%, followed by HPV58 (19.5%), HPV52 (15.2%), HPV51 (12.2%), and HPV18 (11.0%). The sensitivity of hr-HPV and cytology tests on the cervix for detecting VaIN2+ was 94.7% and 83.4%, respectively. Both tests were not significantly different from detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+.

Conclusions
Human papillomavirus 16 is the dominant HPV type in vaginal precancer lesions. Cervical cancer screening has similar sensitivity for VaIN2+ as for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+, with hr-HPV testing showing higher sensitivity than cytology.
Inflammatory Markers and Fatigue in Individuals With Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Lee Jung Eun , Nguyen Huong Q. , Fan Vincent S. 
Published: December 2023

Background
Fatigue, a prevalent complex symptom among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is considered an important clinical indicator of disease severity. However, the underlying mechanisms of COPD-related fatigue are not fully understood.

Objectives
This analysis explored the relationships between peripheral inflammatory markers and COPD-related fatigue in people with moderate to severe COPD.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal observational study of individuals with COPD examining the biological causes and functional consequences of depression. The data used in this study were collected at baseline. Systemic inflammation markers included C-reactive protein (CRP) and three pro-inflammatory cytokines consisting of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. COPD-related fatigue was self-reported using the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire. Covariates included age; gender; smoking status; disease severity; symptoms of depression, anxiety, and pain; and social support. Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted.

Results
The sample included 300 adults living with COPD; 80% were male, and the average age was 67.6 years. Modest correlations were found between two systemic inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-8) and COPD-related fatigue. CRP was the only inflammatory marker significantly associated with fatigue symptoms after adjusting for covariates in multivariable analyses. Depression, pain, and education level were also significant predictors of COPD-related fatigue.

Discussion
The findings suggest that altered immune response based on CRP may contribute to COPD-related fatigue. Management of depression and pain may work as an effective treatment strategy for COPD-related fatigue. Further longitudinal studies with a broader range of inflammatory markers and multidimensional measures of fatigue symptoms are warranted.
Introduction to a special issue on big data and pain
Authors: Baskozos Georgios 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This special issue comprised 7 articles from leaders in the field that focus on “big pain data”, the large datasets and the associated methods for data analysis that are currently emerging in pain research. This collection of articles highlights the power and potential as well as points of caution that multi-disciplinary research utilising big data and their associated methods and interpretations present for pain research.
A Rare Case of Thyroid Sarcoidosis
Authors: Nazerani-Zemann Tina , Pernthaler Birgit , Abete Luca , Wienerroither Valerie Fanny , Gstettner Christian 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Thyroid sarcoidosis is a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis, an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in various organs. The diagnosis of thyroid sarcoidosis is challenging because of its nonspecific symptoms and the absence of specific biomarkers. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of neck swelling, dysphonia, and dysphagia, and suspected nodule in her left thyroid.
Life-Threatening Involvement of Bilateral Pulmonary Arteries in Behçet Disease on FDG PET
Authors: Hou Naifeng , Fan Chengzhong , Shen Guohua 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 29-year-old man with Behçet disease exhibiting lower-limb swelling and dyspnea underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT. The imaging revealed bilateral pulmonary artery involvement, and pulmonary artery aneurysms and mural thrombus were confirmed by CT pulmonary angiography. This case underscores the utility of 18F-FDG PET in identifying life-threatening vasculitis complications in Behçet disease.
Serial Migration of Iatrogenic Microembolus on 18F-FDG PET/CT Images
Authors: Han Yeon-Hee , Jeong Hwan-Jeong , Lim Seok Tae 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
A 51-year-old woman who had a history of partial nephrectomy underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT image for a routine health checkup. Focal intense FDG avidity without any anatomical correlation on CT was detected in the lung. On the delayed image after 20 minutes, the focal activity migrated to a more peripheral portion. An iatrogenic microembolus is a rare but crucial false-positive finding that nuclear physicians should be aware of. Our case emphasizes the importance of meticulous FDG injection and cautious interpretation. In addition, delayed PET/CT imaging through wet reading can aid in diagnosing and help prevent unnecessary investigations.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in trauma: Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery, Surgical Infection Society Europe, World Surgical Infection Society, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, and World Society of Emergency Surgery guidelines
Authors: Coccolini Federico , Sartelli Massimo , Sawyer Robert , Rasa Kemal , Ceresoli Marco , Viaggi Bruno , Catena Fausto , Damaskos Dimitrios , Cicuttin Enrico , Cremonini Camilla , Moore Ernest E. , Biffl Walter L. , Coimbra Raul 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT
Trauma is a complex disease, and the use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in trauma patients is common practice. However, considering the increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, AP use should be questioned and limited only to specific cases. Antibiotic stewardship is of paramount importance in fighting resistance spread. Definitive rules or precise indications about AP in trauma remain unclear. The present article describes the indications of AP in traumatic lesions to the head, brain, torso, maxillofacial, extremities, skin, and soft tissues endorsed by the Global Alliance for Infection in Surgery, Surgical Infection Society Europe, World Surgical Infection Society, American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, and World Society of Emergency Surgery.
Electroconvulsive Therapy Across Nations
Authors: Rohde Paul , Noorani Rachel , Feuer Elyssa , Lisanby Sarah H. , Regenold William T. 
Published: December 2023

Objectives
We aimed to characterize worldwide electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) practice and compare practice across nations and global regions.

Method
Our anonymous survey was open on SurveyMonkey.com from January to June 2022. We sent invitations to providers identified using a Medicare provider database, an advanced PubMed search function, and professional group listservs. Participants were instructed to submit one survey per ECT site. Response frequencies were pooled by global region and compared using nonparametric methods.

Results
Responses came from 126 sites, mostly in the United States (59%, n = 74), Europe (18%, n = 23), Canada (10%, n = 12), and South/East Asia (6%, n = 8). With some exceptions, sites were broadly consistent in practice as indicated by: a likely shift internationally from bitemporal to right unilateral electrode placement; predominant use of pulse widths <1 ms; preference for seizure threshold titration over age-based dosing methods; widespread availability of continuation/maintenance ECT (97%); and frequent use of quantitative outcome measures for depressive symptoms (88%) and cognitive adverse effects (80%).

Conclusions
This is the first, published survey that aimed to characterize worldwide ECT practice. With some exceptions, responses suggest a concordance in practice. However, responses were primarily from the Global North. To obtain a truly worldwide characterization of practice, future surveys should include more responses from the Global South.
Parallelisms and deviations: two fundamentals of an aesthetics of poetic diction
Authors: Menninghaus Winfried , Wagner Valentin , Schindler Ines , Knoop Christine A. , Blohm Stefan , Frieler Klaus , Scharinger Mathias 
Published: December 2023

Poetic diction routinely involves two complementary classes of features: (i) parallelisms, i.e. repetitive patterns (rhyme, metre, alliteration, etc.) that enhance the predictability of upcoming words, and (ii) poetic deviations that challenge standard expectations/predictions regarding regular word form and order. The present study investigated how these two prediction-modulating fundamentals of poetic diction affect the cognitive processing and aesthetic evaluation of poems, humoristic couplets and proverbs. We developed quantitative measures of these two groups of text features. Across the three text genres, higher deviation scores reduced both comprehensibility and aesthetic liking whereas higher parallelism scores enhanced these. The positive effects of parallelism are significantly stronger than the concurrent negative effects of the features of deviation. These results are in accord with the hypothesis that art reception involves an interplay of prediction errors and prediction error minimization, with the latter paving the way for processing fluency and aesthetic liking.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Women’s autonomy, neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana
Authors: Achana Fabian Sebastian , Tanle Augustine , Doku David Teye 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundEight years to the set deadline for the 2030 SDGs, child mortality remains a major health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Child survival is greatly influenced by household circumstances and mother’s healthcare choices. Notwithstanding tremendous investment in women empowerment in Ghana, there is limited empirical evidence on whether women’s autonomy translates into better child mortality outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association between women’s autonomy and neonatal, infant and under-five mortality in the Upper East Region of Ghana.MethodsData were obtained from a randomized cluster household survey among 15-49 years old women in seven districts in the Upper East Region. Data analysis was restricted to 3,243 women who reported ever having given birth. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we constructed an autonomy index categorized into least, moderate, and high autonomy based on responses to six questions regarding household decision-making. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association of women’s autonomy status and mortality outcomes.ResultsAttaining secondary education or higher was significantly associated with infant mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.39, CI= 0.16, 0.94) and under-five mortality (aOR= 0.39, CI= 0.18-0.87). Also, maternal age was significantly associated with neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality, while living in rural setting was significantly associated with lower risk of neonatal (aOR= 0.38, CI=0.19-0.75) and under-five (aOR= 0.63, CI= 0.48-0.83) mortality. However, we found that compared to women with least autonomy, infants of those with moderate autonomy (aOR= 1.76, CI 1.07-2.89) and high autonomy (aOR= 1.75; CI= 1.04- 2.93) were significantly more likely to die.ConclusionIn this study setting, women’s autonomy was not predictive of child mortality. Interventions that aim to improve child mortality should pay attention to community and family level factors that promote increase utilization of essential early childhood interventions.