bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of use of progesterone to counteract zearalenone toxicosis during early pregnancy in gilts
Authors: Green M. L. , Stouffer D. K. , Scheidt A. B. , Long G. G. , Diekman M. A. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
It has been shown that zearalenone disrupts early pregnancy in swine without altering intrauterine content of estradiol 17β or progesterone, embryo migration, or estradiol-17β synthesis by blastocysts. However, serum concentrations of progesterone were reduced 2 to 3 weeks after mating in gilts that ingested zearalenone. Therefore, progesterone was administered to gilts during early pregnancy to determine whether it could counteract the detrimental actions of zearalenone on embryonic development. Thirty-two crossbred gilts (Hampshire × Chester White × Yorkshire × Duroc) were assigned randomly to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: zearalenone (z); zearalenone plus progesterone (zp); progesterone (p); or control (c). From postmating days 4 to 15, z- and zp-treated gilts were fed 1 mg of z/kg of body weight, and p-treated and c gilts were fed ethanol as vehicle in a cornsoybean diet. On postmating days 3 to 15, p- and zp-treated gilts were injected im with 100 mg of progesterone, and c and z-treated gilts were injected with progesterone carrier (15% ethanol, 15% benzyl alcohol, 70% propylene glycol). Blood was collected from gilts by puncture of the jugular vein daily from days 3 to 15, on alternate days from days 17 to 31, and then twice weekly until the end of the experiment. Fetal development was assessed in z- and zp-treated gilts on postmating day 47.6 ± 2.9 by cesarean section and in p-treated and c gilts at slaughter on postmating days 51.2 ± 3.2. Serum concentrations of progesterone in p-treated gilts were greater on days 7 to 8, 10 to 15, 17, and 19 than in c gilts. Serum concentrations of progesterone were greater on days 8, 10, and 12 in zp-treated than in c gilts. However, serum concentrations of progesterone were lower in zp-treated gilts than in c gilts on postmating days 19 to 31. Serum concentrations of progesterone were lower in z-treated gilts than c gilts on postmating days 15, 17, and 19. At slaughter or cesarean section, viable fetuses were not found in z-treated gilts, but 80% of the c and p-treated gilts had viable fetuses. All z-treated gilts were classified as pseudopregnant because uteri were turgid and the ovaries had functional corpora lutea. Uteri of zp-treated gilts appeared normal. Corpora lutea of pregnancy had regressed by postmating day 35 in 7 of 8 zp-treated gilts. Crown-to-rump length was similar between p-treated and c gilts (94 vs 92 mm). Fetal weight was similar between p-treated and c gilts (70 vs 62 g). These data demonstrate that 100 mg of progesterone/d failed to counteract the adverse effects of 1 mg of z/kg of body weight on early pregnancy in primiparous gilts.
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic features of trypanosomiasis in dogs inoculated with North American Trypanosoma cruzi isolates
Authors: Barr Stephen C. , Holmes Robert A. , Klei Thomas R. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Purebred Beagles were inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from a North American opossum or armadillo (Tc-W), and dog (Tc-D). Although Tc-D established infection in dogs, the dogs did not develop cardiac abnormalities. Dogs inoculated with Tc-W developed acute myocarditis associated with increases in P-R interval, atrioventricular block, depression of R wave amplitude and shifts in mean electrical axis. Echocardiograms were normal during this stage. Three Tc-W-inoculated dogs died during the acute stage. Following the acute stage, 5 of 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs entered an indeterminate stage in which ecg changes were minor and echocardiograms were normal. Progression to the chronic stage in 5 of the 8 Tc-W-inoculated dogs was indicated by development of ventricular-based arrhythmias, mainly ventricular premature contractions, between postinoculation days 60 and 170. In some dogs, ventricular premature contractions were multifocal. Electrocardiographic abnormalities progressively degenerated to various forms of ventricular tachycardia. Worsening ecg coincided with loss of left ventricular function as measured by echocardiography. Mean percent ejection fraction and percentage of fractional shortening decreased to 63% and 52% of control values, respectively. The left ventricular free wall (lvfw) thickness decreased and % septal: % lvfw thickening ratio increased, indicating a relative preservation of septal wall motion and lvfw hypokinesis.
Evaluation of accuracy of pulse oximetry in dogs
Authors: Jacobson John D. , Miller Matthew W. , Matthews Nora S. , Hartsfield Sandee M. , Knauer Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
The accuracy of a pulse oximeter was evaluated over a wide range of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, using 2 probes (finger probe and ear probe) and 2 monitoring sites (tongue and tail) in anesthetized dogs The arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SaO2) measured directly with a multiwavelength spectrophotometer was compared with saturation estimated by pulse oximetry (SpO2). Linear regression analysis of the pooled data from 399 simultaneous measurements of SpO2 and SaO2 indicated a highly significant correlation of SpO2 with SaO2 (r = 0.97; P ≤ 0.0001). Although the mean difference (± sd) between SpO2 and SaO2 for pooled data was small (- 0.06 ± 6.8%), SpO2 tended to underestimate high SaO2 values (≥ 70%) and to overestimate low SaO2 values (< 70%). When SaO2 values were ≥ 70%, the ear probe applied to the tail was less accurate (produced a significantly greater SpO2-SaO2 difference) than the ear probe on the tongue, or the finger probe at either site. When SaO2 values were ≤ 50%, the finger probe applied at the tail was more accurate (produced significantly smaller SpO2-SaO2 differences) than the ear probe at either site. When SaO2 values were ≤ 70%, high arterial carbon dioxide tension (≥ 60 mm of Hg) was associated with greater overestimation of SaO2.
Incidence of localized feline leukemia virus infection in cats
Authors: Hayes Kathleen A. , Rojko Jennifer L. , Mathes Lawrence E. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Anecdotal descriptions of atypical FeLV infections, wherein standard clinical elisa or immunofluorescence testing fails to detect active infections, suggest that an unknown proportion of FeLV-infected cats may go undetected. In this study, 127 viremic and nonviremic cats experimentally inoculated with FeLV were evaluated at necropsy for atypical expression of FeLV antigen. Results from viremic cats were in accordance with results of earlier studies on the pathogenesis of FeLV infection in cats, wherein antigen was found in lymphoid and epithelial tissues. Differences in time course or tissue distribution of viral antigen in some cats appeared to be attributable to the challenge virus preparations, consisting of cell-free tumor homogenate or infectious plasma. It was discovered that 5 of 19 of the FeLV challenge-exposed cats that were nonviremic had FeLV-specific antigens in select tissues (bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, and small intestine) 6 to 75 weeks after inoculation. These results indicated an additional category of possible outcomes for cats exposed to FeLV. Localized FeLV infection, as described here, may explain the discordance between clinical disease and laboratory testing for FeLV.
Effect of ivermectin on the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in naturally infested rabbits
Authors: Bowman Dwight D. , Fogelson Melissa L. , Carbone Lawrence G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
We examined the efficacy of ivermectin in the control of ear mites (Psoroptes cuniculi) in rabbits. The study involved 40 female and 35 male rabbits that were known to be naturally infested with ear mites. After a period of acclimation to the animal care facilities, the rabbits were ranked on the visual appearance of any ear lesion and the number of mites on glycerin-dipped ear swabs. The rabbits were then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups; vehicle only (group 1), 50 µg of ivermectin/kg of body weight (group 2), 100 µg of ivermectin/kg (group 3) and 200 µg of ivermectin/kg (group 4). The rabbits were treated by SC injections on day 0 and day 14 of the trial; thus, the total dose of ivermectin given to groups 1 through 4, was 0, 100, 200, or 400 µg/kg, respectively. The study ended 2 weeks after the last treatment. Ear lesions of the treated rabbits improved significantly (P<0.001). By 28 days after the first treatment, the mean number of mites on the ear swabs (both ears) was 57.5 for untreated rabbits and 9.1, 0.5, and 2.5, respectively, for rabbits in groups 2, 3, and 4. The mean number of mites recovered from the ears of the untreated rabbits at necropsy was 24,297. For groups 2, 3, and 4, the mean number of mites recovered from the ears was 5,352, 96, and 96, respectively. The efficacy of treatment with a total dose of 100 µg/kg was 77.96%, with 200 µg/kg was 99.61%, and for 400 µg/ kg was 99.61%.
Synchronization of estrus in dairy goats treated with prostaglandin F at various stages of the estrous cycle
Authors: Nuti L. C. , Bretzlaff K. N. , Elmore R. G. , Meyers S. A. , Rugila J. N. , Brinsko S. P. , Blanchard T. L. , Weston P. G. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Dairy goats were given im injections of 125 μg of cloprostenol sodium on day 6 of the estrous cycle (prostaglandin F [pgf] 6, n = 22) or day 12 of the estrous cycle (pgf 12, n = 26). Mean ± se hours from injection to onset of behavioral estrus and proportion of goats responding were 46 ± 4.2 (range, 12 to 88 hours) and 95% and 48 ± 2.9 (range, 34 to 68 hours) and 100% for groups pgf 6 and pgf 12, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in mean time to onset of estrus, but variances about the means were different. Of the does in groups pgf 6 and pgf 12, 67 and 85%, respectively, had signs of onset of estrus between 36 and 60 hours after administration of pgf. Mean (± se) hours from injection to time of peak concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) were 62 ± 3.1 and 64 ± 2.1 for groups pgf 6 and pgf 12, respectively. Of the does in groups pgf 6 and pgf 12, 86 and 100%, respectively, had lh peaks. Of the does in groups pgf 6 and pgf 12, 68 and 77%, respectively, had peak concentrations of lh between 48 and 72 hours after administration of pgf. All does in groups pgf 6 and pgf 12 had concentrations of progesterone ≥ 1.0 ng/ml on the day of administration of pgf. Concentrations decreased to < 1.0 ng/ml by 48 hours after injection in all does except 1 in group pgf 6. Prostaglandin was equally effective for induction of estrus on day 6 or day 12 of the estrous cycle in dairy goats, but resulted in a more predictable time to estrus when injection was done on day 12.
In vivo isolation of Salmonella choleraesuis from porcine neutrophils
Authors: Roof Michael B. , Kramer Theodore T. , Kunesh Jerry P. , Roth James A. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
Seventy-five pigs from 4 facilities were examined for Salmonella choleraesuis by use of bacteriologic culture of feces, blood, wbc (buffy coat), mononuclear leukocytes, and neutrophils. The organism was isolated from 0 of 75 fecal samples, compared with isolation from 39 of 75 purified neutrophil preparations. Of the pigs that did not have Salmonella isolated from feces or blood, but had S choleraesuis isolated from neutrophils, 6 were further examined. These pigs from 2 groups again had culture performed at least 3 successive times to test for repeatability and to determine optimal number of neutrophils required for Salmonella isolation. These same pigs were euthanatized and necropsied. Nineteen tissue specimens from each pig were obtained for culture, but S choleraesuis was isolated only from neutrophil samples. Results indicate that neutrophils may contribute to the carrier state in pigs and should be cultured when attempting to identify S choleraesuis carrier swine.
Analgesia and behavioral responses of dogs given oxymorphone-acepromazine and meperidine-acepromazine after methoxyflurane and halothane anesthesia
Authors: Sawyer Donald C. , Rech Richard H. , Adams Thomas , Durham Robert A. , Richter Marlee A. , Striler Elaine L. 
Published: January 2024

Summary
This study was designed to test analgesia, duration, and cardiovascular changes induced by meperidine (mep) and oxymorphone (oxy) following methoxyflurane (mof) and halothane (hal) anesthesia. Eight healthy dogs were given atropine and acepromazine, and anesthesia was induced with thiamylal and maintained with 1.5 minimal alveolar concentration of mof or hal for 1 hour during controlled ventilation. Eight treatments were given with each anesthetic: 3 with mep (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, iv), 3 with oxymorphone (oxy; 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, iv), and 2 placebos with sterile water. Test drugs were given at the end of anesthesia when early signs of recovery were evident. Minimal threshold stimulus/response nociception was assessed by use of an inflatable soft plastic colonic balloon. Blood pressures and pulse rate were measured with a noninvasive monitor. Meperidine and oxy were found to be effective analgesics and could be reversed with naloxone. Intravenous administration of 2.0 mg of mep/kg provided analgesia for 36 ± 6 minutes and 39 ± 15 minutes after mof and hal, respectively. In contrast, oxy was effective at all 3 doses with effects of iv administration of 0.2 mg of oxy/kg lasting 154 ± 13 minutes and 152 ± 12 minutes, after mof and hal, respectively. Analgesia could not be demonstrated after anesthesia for acepromazine, mof, or hal. Blood pressure was not changed by either anesthetic nor was it influenced by mep or oxy. Pulse rate was significantly depressed by the higher doses of oxy following hal, but was not changed by mep following either anesthetic. This study demonstrated the longer duration of analgesia of oxy. In addition, we could not find that analgesia was provided by either mof or hal following recovery from anesthesia.
Managerial risk factors of intramammary infection with Streptococcus agalactiae in dairy herds in Ohio
Authors: Bartlett Paul C. , Miller Gay Y. , Lance Susan E. , Hancock Dale D. , Heider Lawrence E. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Dairy herds in Ohio were selected by stratified random sampling for participation in a disease-monitoring study to relate Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary prevalence to herd management and environmental conditions. Of 48 herds studied, 27 herds had at least 1 cow infected with this pathogen. Management and environmental conditions were assessed by direct observation as well as by an interview with the dairy producers. One-way anova or χ2 analysis, with presence or absence of Streptococcus agalactiae as the dependent variable, was used to test each of 70 independent variables. Variables found significant at P < 0.20 were further evaluated by use of logistic regression. Our sample size permitted only 4 independent variables to be simultaneously evaluated by logistic regression. The most predictive risk factors were identified as poor teat and udder hygiene, poor environmental sanitation, large herd population, and use of a shared washcloth for premilking cleaning of teats and udders.
Use of a biological extract of Serratia marcescens to decrease doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression in dogs
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Elmslie Robyn E. , Cecchini Marie , Walters Lisa M. , Pearson Frederick C. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
Fifteen dogs were given doxorubicin, iv, at a dosage of 30 mg/m2 of body surface. A commercially available biological extract of Serratia marcescens (besm) was administered sc to 9 of these dogs (0.04 mg/kg of body weight every third day, n = 2; 0.08 mg/kg every other day, n = 2; and 0.08 mg/kg daily, n = 5), beginning the day after administration of doxorubicin, in an attempt to find an optimal dosage and schedule of administration of besm to reduce the duration and severity of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Nine additional dogs were randomized into 3 groups of 3 dogs to receive 1 of the following dosages of besm sc: 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 mg/kg. Serum was harvested immediately prior to treatment and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours from this latter group of dogs for subsequent analysis of canine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) by enzyme immunoassay. Increasing the dosage and schedule of administration of besm reduced the duration and severity of doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression. Neutrophil counts of the group of dogs given besmdaily at a dosage of 0.08 mg/kg and the controls were evaluated statistically. The neutrophil count increased significantly (P < 0.05) above pretreatment values in besm-treated dogs after day 7. Median neutrophil counts of the besm-treated dogs were never significantly lower than pretreatment values, whereas the median counts of the dogs treated with doxorubicin alone were significantly below normal for 6 days (days 7-12). The median counts decreased below normal (< 3,000 cells/μl) for 1 day in the dogs given besm and doxorubicin, and for 3 days in the dogs that were given only doxorubicin. Four of the 6 dogs not treated with besm and none of those given besm developed serious neutropenia (< 1,500/μl). There was an increase in canine g-csf 4 to 6 hours after besm was administered to dogs at dosages of 0.16 and 0.32 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate that besm is capable of reducing the duration and severity of doxorubicin-induced myelosuppression, and that this may be at least partially mediated by g-csf.
Evaluation of hemostatic analytes after use of hypertonic saline solution combined with colloids for resuscitation of dogs with hypovolemia
Authors: Zoran Debra L. , Jergens Albert E. , Riedesel Dean H. , Johnson Gary S. , Bailey Theodore B. , Martin Stephen D. 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The effects of hypertonic saline solution (htss) combined with colloids on hemostatic analytes were studied in 15 dogs. The analytes evaluated included platelet counts, one-stage prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, von Willebrand's factor antigen (vWf:Ag), and buccal mucosa bleeding times. The dogs were anesthetized, and jugular phlebotomy was used to induce hypovolemia (mean arterial blood pressure = 50 mm of Hg). Treatment dogs (n = 12) were resuscitated by infusion (6 ml/kg of body weight) of 1 of 3 solutions: htss combined with 6% dextran 70, 6% hetastarch, or 10% pentastarch. The control dogs (n = 3) were autotransfused. Hemostatic analytes were evaluated prior to induction of hypovolemia (baseline) and then after resuscitation (after 30 minutes of sustained hypovolemia) at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 6 and 24 hours.
All treatment dogs responded rapidly and dramatically to resuscitation with hypertonic solutions. Clinically apparent hemostatic defects (epistaxis, petechiae, hematoma were not observed in any dog. All coagulation variables evaluated, with the exception of vWf:Ag, remained within reference ranges over the 24-hour period. The vWf:Ag values were not statistically different than values from control dogs, and actual values were only slightly lower than reference ranges. Significant (P ≤ 0.04) differences were detected for one-stage prothrombin time, but did not exceed reference ranges. The results of this study suggested that small volume htss/colloid solutions do not cause significant alterations in hemostatic analytes and should be considered for initial treatment of hypovolemic or hemorrhagic shock.
Potential use of simple manganese salts as antioxidant drugs in horses
Authors: Singh Raj K. , Kooreman Karin M. , Babbs Charles F. , Fessler John F. , Salaris Steven C. , Pham JoAnn 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARY
The scavenging of superoxide radicals by endogenous and therapeutically administered superoxide dismutases may prevent superoxide-mediated oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation, membrane lysis, and cell death in a wide variety of normal and pathologic states. Simple inorganic manganous salts such as MnCl2 also have superoxide dismutase-like activity and are extremely inexpensive, compared with enzymatic superoxide dismutase preparations. In this study, we explored the use of Mn salts as antioxidant drugs. We used the percentage of inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by superoxide as a measure of the amount of superoxide dismutase-like activity. We found concentration-related increases in superoxide scavenging activity in simple buffer solutions upon addition of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μM MnSO4. To determine whether Mn salts can inhibit oxidative damage in tissues, we used an in vitro model of lipid peroxidation in ischemic and reoxygenated rat liver slices. Concentrations of 10, 100, and 1000 μmoles MnCl2/L of buffer significantly decreased indicators of lipid peroxidation believed to be initiated by intracellular superoxide. We then determined the effectiveness of MnCl2 as a superoxide scavenger in conscious horses by measuring the superoxide scavenging ability of equine plasma before and during intravenous infusions of 1.0 L volumes of 0.9% slaine solution containing 0, 12.5, or 25 mM MnCl2. Plasma Mn concentrations, which were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, increased as a function of time and dose. Intravenously administered MnCl2 concomitantly produced dose-related increases in superoxide scavenging ability of equine plasma at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the onset of infusion, compared with preinfusion control values. Heart rate and blood pressure of the treated horses, which were monitored to measure toxicity of MnCl2, gradually increased in both treatment groups. Clinical adverse effects of MnCl2 administration included defecation, pawing, hyperexcitability, flank watching, and sweating. The results of this study indicate that simple Mn salts may scavenge superoxide radicals in vivo with minimal adverse reactions and at a trivial cost.