bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of risk factors for sleep‐disordered breathing in dogs
Authors: Niinikoski Iida , Himanen Sari‐Leena , Tenhunen Mirja , Aromaa Mimma , Lilja‐Maula Liisa , Rajamäki Minna M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundBrachycephalic dogs display sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB). The risk factors for SDB remain unknown.ObjectivesTo identify risk factors for SDB. We hypothesized that brachycephaly, increasing severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), excess weight, and aging predispose to SDB.AnimalsSixty‐three privately owned pet dogs were prospectively recruited: 28 brachycephalic and 35 normocephalic (mesaticephalic or dolicocephalic) dogs.MethodsProspective observational cross‐sectional study with convenience sampling. Recording with the neckband was done over 1 night at each dog's home. The primary outcome measure was the obstructive respiratory event index (OREI). Body condition score (BCS) was assessed, and BOAS severity was graded for brachycephalic dogs.ResultsBrachycephaly was a significant risk factor for high OREI value (ratio of the geometric means 5.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2‐9.9; P < .001) but aging was not (1.1, 95% CI 1.0‐1.2; P = .2). Excess weight, defined as a BCS of over 5/9, (3.5, 95% CI 1.8‐6.7; P < .001) was a significant risk factor. In brachycephalic dogs, BOAS‐positive class (moderate or severe BOAS signs) was a significant risk factor (2.5, 95% CI 1.1‐5.6; P = .03).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBrachycephaly decreases welfare in a multitude of ways, including disrupting sleep. Brachycephaly, increasing severity of BOAS and excess weight are risk factors for obstructive SDB.
Aftershock probabilistic seismic hazard analysis based on enhanced Bayesian network considering frequency information
Authors: Liu Chang , Lu Dagang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBayesian network (BN) is an important tool in probabilistic seismic risk analysis (PSRA) due to its holistic nature and powerful probabilistic inference capabilities. However, while the information that can be stored by BN includes variable values, probability distributions, and relationships between variables, it does not involve event quantities. The results obtained from PSRA and probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) are commonly frequency‐related (the number of occurrences per unit time), fundamentally describing event numbers. BN assumes a fixed event number relationship between nodes, but the aftershock counts vary for different mainshock magnitudes. This limitation further restricts its effectiveness in lifespan PSRA for structures. Therefore, this study aims to propose an enhanced BN (EBN) for modeling aftershock PSHA (APSHA) considering frequency information. This paper first introduces the modeling method using BN, including PSHA and a simplified model of APSHA using Båth's law. Next, an EBN that can effectively address frequency issues between the mainshock and aftershocks is presented for modeling APSHA considering the modified Omori's law, while the mathematical principles of both forward and backward inferences for the EBN are elaborated in detail. Then, the article carefully analyzes the utilization of the EBN for APSHA modeling under different scenarios where the information regarding the mainshock is known to varying extents, followed by the extension of the EBN in a time domain to obtain time‐dependent aftershock hazard. Finally, an example of APSHA in a specific location in China is illustrated.
Passive acoustic monitoring and visual sighting survey of cetacean occurrence patterns in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Duporge Isla , Lee Robert , Eweida Ameer , Mackelworth Peter , Ten Sofía , Alghamdi Abdulaziz , Alkhamis Razan , Cochran Jesse , Lee Stephen , Klinck Holger 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe available data on occurrence patterns of cetaceans in the Red Sea area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is very limited. The dearth of information is of pressing conservation concern as the coastline is undergoing rapid development as part of the Kingdom's effort to diversify its national economy. To understand how these developments will impact cetaceans in the region, the first large‐scale acoustic and visual survey in the Kingdom's part of the Gulf of Aqaba and the northeastern Red Sea was undertaken in 2020. The results of the acoustic surveys reveal 3.6 encounters per 100 km of track line of odontocete species with variable distribution across the study area. No baleen whale vocalizations were detected. Through visual surveys, five odontocete species were identified within the study area: Tursiops truncatus, T. aduncus, Stenella attenuata, S. longirostris, and two opportunistic sightings of a single Grampus griseus.
The state of point‐of‐care ultrasound training in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs in the United States: A survey assessment
Authors: O'Brien Elizabeth M. , Guris Rodrigo Daly , Quarshie William , Lin Elaina E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasound is an invaluable bedside tool for anesthesiologists and has been integrated into anesthesiology residency training and board certification in the United States. Little is known about point‐of‐care ultrasound training practices in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs.AimsTo describe the current state of point‐of‐care ultrasound education in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs in the United States.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey study distributed to 60 American Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education‐accredited pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs. Two programs were in their initial accreditation period and were excluded due to lack of historical data. Program directors or associate program directors were invited to complete this 23‐item survey.ResultsThirty‐three of fifty‐eight programs (57%) completed the survey. Of those, 15 programs (45%) reported having a point‐of‐care ultrasound curriculum. Programs with ≤3 fellows per year were less likely to have an ultrasound curriculum compared to programs with ≥4 fellows per year (30% programs 0–3 fellows/year vs. 69% programs ≥4 fellows/year, odds ratio 0.19 [95% confidence intervals 0.04–0.87]; p = .03). Program directors and associate program directors rated point‐of‐care ultrasound training as highly valuable to fellows' education. Barriers to use most commonly included lack of experience (64%), lack of oversight/interpretive guidance (58%), and lack of time (45%). Programs without point‐of‐care ultrasound training had significantly higher odds of listing lack of ultrasound access as a primary barrier (50% programs without vs. 13% programs with, odds ratio 6.5, [95% confidence intervals 1.3–50]; p = .04).ConclusionsThis observational survey‐based study suggests that fewer than half of pediatric anesthesia training programs in the United States offer point‐of‐care ultrasound education. Additional research is needed to optimize this education and training in pediatric anesthesia fellowship programs.
Counterfactual Decision Theory Is Causal Decision Theory
Authors: Gallow J. Dmitri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe role of causation and counterfactuals in causal decision theory is vexed and disputed. Recently, Brian Hedden (2023) argues that we should abandon causal decision theory in favour of an alternative: counterfactual decision theory. I argue that, pace Hedden, counterfactual decision theory is not a competitor to, but rather a version of, causal decision theory – the most popular version by far. I provide textual evidence that the founding fathers of causal decision theory (Stalnaker, Gibbard, Harper, Lewis, Skyrms, Sobel, and Joyce) all endorse counterfactual decision theories. I additionally discuss why these theories came to be called ‘causal’, rather than ‘counterfactual’. And I argue that, properly understood, causal decision theory escapes Hedden's objections.
Does insecure attachment lead to psychosis via dissociation? A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Puckett Joseph , Sood Monica , Newman‐Taylor Katherine 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposeInsecure attachment may constitute a vulnerability factor for psychosis, and dissociation may be a key mechanism in the development of auditory hallucinations specifically. While there is good evidence for the role of these processes in isolation, it is unclear whether dissociation accounts for the association between insecure attachment and psychosis. This systematic review takes a theory‐driven approach to examine proposed causal relationships across the clinical and nonclinical literature.MethodsWe searched five databases (PubMeD, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ETHOS) for published and unpublished research examining attachment, dissociation and psychosis. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the quality of all included studies.ResultsWe identified 242 potential articles and included 13 in the final review (2096 participants). We found that (1) disorganised attachment was consistently associated with dissociation and inconsistently associated with voices and paranoia, (2) dissociation was associated with voices and paranoia, and these links were stronger in clinical samples, and (3) dissociation played a role in the impact of insecure attachment on voice hearing and paranoia in clinical groups.ConclusionsThis is the first review to synthesise the research examining attachment, dissociation, and psychosis. The evidence is consistent with proposed causal hypotheses and raises conceptual and measurement issues, for example, the need to clarify the relative contributions of different insecure attachment styles, and utilise behavioural/observational measures to strengthen study designs. Most importantly, we need experimental and longitudinal studies to confirm causal links and targets for treatment.
Bifurcations and global dynamics of a predator–prey mite model of Leslie type
Authors: Yang Yue , Xu Yancong , Rong Libin , Ruan Shigui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study a predator–prey mite model of Leslie type with generalized Holling IV functional response. The model is shown to have very rich bifurcation dynamics, including subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations, degenerate Hopf bifurcation, focus‐type and cusp‐type degenerate Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations of codimension 3, originating from a nilpotent focus or cusp of codimension 3 that acts as the organizing center for the bifurcation set. Coexistence of multiple steady states, multiple limit cycles, and homoclinic cycles is also found. Interestingly, the coexistence of two limit cycles is guaranteed by investigating generalized Hopf bifurcation and degenerate homoclinic bifurcation, and we also find that two generalized Hopf bifurcation points are connected by a saddle‐node bifurcation curve of limit cycles, which indicates the existence of global regime for two limit cycles. Our work extends some results in the literature.
Lifting the lid on manipulative website contents: A framework mapping contextual and informational feature combinations against associated social cognitive vulnerabilities
Authors: MacLean Piers , Cahillane Marie , Smy Victoria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWebsite contents can be designed to influence individual and group decision‐making for social, political or financial gain. A novel working theoretical framework was developed to provide insights into where website contents have been designed to exploit common cognitive vulnerabilities (CVs) amongst audiences; a form of social cognitive hacking. A literature synthesis on CVs, website content design and credibility identified features on a context credibility (CC) dimension that were mapped against features on an information validity (IV) dimension. Alignment of CC and IV feature pairings with CVs enables evaluation and interpretation of nuanced website content for identification of attempted influence undetectable by machine algorithms. Subjective responses to prompts about features on each dimension generate pairs of numerical values. The value pairs indicate within a quad‐graph the possible presence and extent of CV exploitation. Each value pair can be traced to the underlying CC‐IV features and CVs being targeted. External prima facie assessment suggests the framework can form the basis for standardised human analysis of website contents. Application of the framework provides insights into what and how feature combinations may be manipulated for CV exploitation. It has potential for application in fields such as intelligence analysis, education, and marketing.
A cross‐sectional pilot household study of Schistosoma mansoni burden and associated morbidities in Lake Albert, Uganda
Authors: Dee Dominic P. , Lam Germain , Edielu Andrew , Anguajibi Victor , Webb Emily L. , Wamboko Aidah , Mawa Patrice A. , Friedman Jennifer F. , Simpson Hope , Bustinduy Amaya L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesSchistosomiasis is persistent in Lake Albert, Uganda, but local data are limited. This study aims to describe the local burden of moderate‐to‐heavy infection and associated morbidity in all ages and identify factors associated with these outcomes to guide further research.MethodsThis cross‐sectional pilot study was conducted in July–August, 2022 in four village sites (Walukuba, Rwentale, Kyabarangwa and Runga) of the Praziquantel in Preschoolers (PIP) trial. Residents (approximately four per household) of any age of households of PIP participants were eligible, but individuals <10 years were only enrolled if no older individuals were available. Socio‐demographic information, household location, single stool Kato‐Katz and hepatic ultrasound results were obtained for a convenience sampled subset of trial households. The primary outcome, moderate‐to‐heavy infection (≥100 eggs per gram of faeces), was analysed using mixed‐effects logistic regression, with a household random effect. Univariate analyses were used for the secondary outcome, periportal fibrosis (Niamey protocol ultrasound image pattern C–F).ResultsOf 243 participants with a median age of 22 (interquartile range 12–33) years from 66 households, 49.8% (103/207 with a Kato‐Katz result) had moderate‐to‐heavy infection and 11.2% (25/224 with ultrasound data) had periportal fibrosis. Moderate‐to‐heavy infection clustered by household (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.11) and, in multivariable analysis, varied by village (Walukuba vs. Kyabarangwa adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.71), was highest in participants aged 10–15 years (vs. 5–9 years aOR 6.14, 95% CI 1.61–23.38) and lower in those reporting praziquantel treatment in the past year (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18–0.88).ConclusionsIn this setting, schistosome infection and morbidity are pervasive in all age groups. More intensive interventions are needed, for example more frequent praziquantel treatment, under investigation in the PIP trial and improved water and sanitation. More research is needed to understand local treatment barriers and optimal control strategies.
Putative pemphigus‐like reaction to oral fluralaner in a dog
Authors: Dalmau Annabel , Ordeix Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 9‐month‐old mixed‐breed dog developed generalised pustular dermatitis, accompanied by lethargy and hyperthermia, 7 days after oral fluralaner administration. Dermatopathological and microbiological evaluations were consistent with a pustular acantholytic dermatitis. A 4‐month course of immunosuppressive therapy resulted in complete remission of lesions, which did not recur after therapy was withdrawn.
Trends in category and grade for therapeutic plasma exchange in the latest guideline on therapeutic apheresis by the American Society for Apheresis: Hurdles in pursuing evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Kim Han Joo , Chung Yousun , Kim Hyungsuk , Hwang Sang‐Hyun , Oh Heung‐Bum , Ko Dae‐Hyun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe Writing Committee of American Society for Apheresis released the ninth edition of guidelines for therapeutic apheresis in 2023. Categories have been a part of the guidelines since the first edition, and the grading system was introduced in the fifth edition, with updates in every new edition. In this study, we investigated the category and grade change trends through the latest five editions, focusing on therapeutic plasma exchange, to suggest future directions as part of evidence‐based medicine.Materials and MethodsCategories and grades for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) were collected and analysed from the fifth through ninth editions. We aligned classification changes to the ninth edition's clinical context and compared its categories and grades with those introduced in the guideline.ResultsAmong 166 total indications in the ninth edition, 118 included TPE procedure, either as a sole treatment or as one of the therapeutic apheresis techniques. The total number of indications changed, but Category III remained predominant throughout the editions. Similarly, Grade 2C consistently emerged as the most prevalent grade. Notably, 24 cases had grade changes. Of the 16 cases with evidence quality changes, the quality weakened in six and improved in 10. Evidence levels were not improved throughout the study period for 102 clinical conditions.ConclusionTo address gaps in evidence quality, international collaboration is imperative to establish comprehensive large‐scale studies or randomized controlled trials. This will refine the use of therapeutic apheresis, including TPE, to foster evidence‐based advancements in clinical practice.
Acoustic Emission in Ceramic Matrix Composites
Authors: Tulshibagwale Nikhil , Brodnik Neal , Muir Caelin , Hilmas Ashley , Kiser James D. , Smith Craig E. , Almansour Amjad S. , Presby Michael J. , Daly Samantha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The integration of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) into safety-critical applications, such as turbine engines and aerospace structures, necessitates a sound understanding of their expected damage evolution under in-service conditions and real-time health-monitoring methods to assess their damage state. The measurement of acoustic emissions (AEs), the transient elastic waves emitted during damage formation, offers an enhanced capability for evaluating damage evolution and structural health in CMCs due to its high sensitivity, accurate temporal resolution, and relative ease of use compared to other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Recent advances in numerical simulation methods and data-driven model development, in combination with improved multimodal experimental characterization methods and sensor hardware, are rapidly advancing AE to a mature technique for damage quantification. This review discusses the fundamental principles of acoustic emissions, provides practical guidelines on their experimental characterization and analysis, and offers perspectives on the current state-of-the-art.
Efficacy of therapeutically administered gepotidacin in a rabbit model of inhalational anthrax
Authors: Hilliard Jamese J. , Jakielaszek Charles , Mannino Frank , Hossain Mohammad , Qian Lian , Fishman Cindy , Demons Samandra , Hershfield Jeremy , Soffler Carl , Russo Riccardo , Henning Lisa , Novak Joseph , O'Dwyer Karen 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacillus anthracis
is a Gram-positive Centers for Disease Control and Prevention category “A” biothreat pathogen. Without early treatment, inhalation of anthrax spores with progression to inhalational anthrax disease is associated with high fatality rates. Gepotidacin is a novel first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic that inhibits bacterial DNA replication by a distinct mechanism of action and is being evaluated for use against biothreat and conventional pathogens. Gepotidacin selectively inhibits bacterial DNA replication via a unique binding mode and has
in vitro
activity against a collection of
B. anthracis
isolates including antibacterial-resistant strains, with the MIC
90
ranging from 0.5 to 1 µg/mL.
In vivo
activity of gepotidacin was also evaluated in the New Zealand White rabbit model of inhalational anthrax. The primary endpoint was survival, with survival duration and bacterial clearance as secondary endpoints. The trigger for treatment was the presence of anthrax protective antigen in serum. New Zealand White rabbits were dosed intravenously for 5 days with saline or gepotidacin at 114 mg/kg/d to simulate a dosing regimen of 1,000 mg intravenous (i.v.) three times a day (TID) in humans. Gepotidacin provided a survival benefit compared to saline control, with 91% survival (
P
-value: 0.0001). All control animals succumbed to anthrax and were found to be blood- and organ culture-positive for
B. anthracis
. The novel mode of action,
in vitro
microbiology, preclinical safety, and animal model efficacy data, which were generated in line with Food and Drug Administration Animal Rule, support gepotidacin as a potential treatment for anthrax in an emergency biothreat situation.
TRIM56-mediated production of type I interferon inhibits intracellular replication of
Rickettsia rickettsii
Authors: Cheng Ruxi , Zhou Chunyu , Zhao Mingliang , Zhang Shan , Wan Weiqiang , Yu Yonghui , Wen Bohai , Jiao Jun , Xiong Xiaolu , Xu Qin , OuYang Xuan 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia rickettsii
(
R. rickettsii
), the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), is the most pathogenic member among
Rickettsia
spp. Previous studies have shown that tripartite motif-containing 56 (TRIM56) E3 ligase-induced ubiquitination of STING is important for cytosolic DNA sensing and type I interferon production to induce anti-DNA viral immunity, but whether it affects intracellular replication of
R. rickettsii
remains uncharacterized. Here, we investigated the effect of TRIM56 on HeLa and THP-1 cells infected with
R. rickettsii
. We found that the expression of TRIM56 was upregulated in the
R. rickettsii
-infected cells, and the overexpression of TRIM56 inhibited the intracellular replication of
R. rickettsii
, while
R. rickettsii
replication was enhanced in the TRIM56-silenced host cells with the reduced phosphorylation of IRF3 and STING and the increased production of interferon-β. In addition, the mutation of the TRIM56 E3 ligase catalytic site impairs the inhibitory function against
R. rickettsii
in HeLa cells. Altogether, our study discovers that TRIM56 is a host restriction factor of
R. rickettsii
by regulating the cGAS-STING-mediated signaling pathway. This study gives new evidence for the role of TRIM56 in the innate immune response against intracellular bacterial infection and provides new therapeutic targets for RMSF.

IMPORTANCE

Given that
Rickettsia rickettsii
(
R. rickettsii
) is the most pathogenic member within the
Rickettsia
genus and serves as the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, there is a growing need to explore host targets. In this study, we examined the impact of host TRIM56 on
R. rickettsii
infection in HeLa and THP-1 cells. We observed a significant upregulation of TRIM56 expression in
R. rickettsii
-infected cells. Remarkably, the overexpression of TRIM56 inhibited the intracellular replication of
R. rickettsii
, while silencing TRIM56 enhanced bacterial replication accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of IRF3 and STING, along with increased interferon-β production. Notably, the mutation of the TRIM56’s E3 ligase catalytic site did not impede
R. rickettsii
replication in HeLa cells. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the role of TRIM56 as a host restriction factor against
R. rickettsii
through the modulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.