bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population responses to temperature in 12‐year insect time series
Authors: Andow David A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Considerable work has examined the distribution of species under projected climate change, but empirical data are needed to support predicting change in abundance.
I analysed populations of 17 saproxylic beetle species collected twice nightly from mid‐May to mid‐October from 2004 to 2015 at lights in Shizuoka, Japan, to investigate effects of two 100‐year hot summers (2010 and 2013) and correlated changes with June, July and August maximum temperatures. The first analysis examined the effect of heat stress and the second examined how populations tracked changes in temperature.
I hypothesised that the responses would be species‐specific and could be related to interspecific variation in body size, voltinism, primary food source and the strength of density dependence.
Heat stress was associated with population declines of five species during the same year and five other species in the following year. Conifer feeders were more likely to decline during the same year as the heat stress. Only one species tracked variation in maximum June temperature. Larger, later emerging species were more strongly detrimentally affected by high June temperatures than smaller, early emerging species. There was no relation between the response to heat stress and tracking June temperatures across species.
The influence of summer temperature on saproxylic beetles was detectable from relatively short time series and occurred in a species‐specific manner. The effect of heat stress was more readily detected than correlated changes in abundance and temperature. Short time series may help reveal the response of insect populations to changing temperatures.
Evaluating resectoscopy and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system for intermenstrual bleeding associated with cesarean scar defects: A retrospective study of treatment outcomes
Authors: Huang Szu‐Yu , Chen Ying‐Yi , Tsai Ching‐Chang , Lin Hao , Ou Yu‐Che 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAimTo compare and evaluate the efficacy of the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUD) and resectoscopy remodeling procedure for intermenstrual bleeding associated with previous cesarean delivery scar defect (PCDS).MethodsA retrospective comparative study was conducted on patients with PCDS receiving LNG‐IUD (levonorgestrel 20 μg/24 h, N = 33) or resectoscopy remodeling (N = 27). Treatment outcomes were compared over 1, 6, and 12 months. Outcomes in patients with a retroverted or large uterus size, defect size, and local vascularization also were evaluated.ResultsAt 12 months post‐treatment, there were no significant differences between groups in efficacy rate; however, the reduction of intermenstrual bleeding days was higher in the LNG‐IUD group than in the resectoscopy group (13.6 vs. 8.5 days, p = 0.015). Within the first year, both groups experienced a reduction in bleeding days, but the decrease was greater in the LNG‐IUD group. Individuals exhibiting increased local vascularization at the defect site experienced more favorable outcomes in the LNG‐IUD group than the resectoscopy group (p = 0.016), and who responded poorly tended to have a significantly larger uterus in the LNG‐IUD group (p = 0.019). No significant differences were observed in treatment outcomes for patients with a retroverted uterus or large defect in either group.ConclusionsOur findings support that the LNG‐IUD is as effective as resectoscopy in reducing intermenstrual bleeding days associated with PCDS and can be safely applied to patients without recent fertility aspirations. Patients with increased local vascularization observed during hysteroscopy may benefit more from LNG‐IUD intervention than resectoscopy.
Achievement Goal Impacts Students' Preferences for “Personalized Problems” in Computer‐Adaptive Tests
Authors: Goto Takayuki , Kano Kei , Shiose Takayuki 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe contemporary development of psychometric theories and information technologies enables students to work on algorithm‐based personalized tests in classroom settings. This study aims to investigate the relationship between students' achievement goals and what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer‐adaptive tests. We theoretically contrast achievement goals with developing competency through mastery and demonstrating competency through performance goals. We asked elementary and secondary school students to work on a computer‐adaptive test and to complete questionnaires about what they prefer as “personalized problems” in computer‐adaptive tests. The results revealed that while mastery goals positively predicted preference for challenging problems, performance goals positively predicted preference for problems that guaranteed students’ success. Moreover, only the preference for challenging problems positively predicted the intention to take computer‐adaptive tests in the future. These results suggest that simply introducing a computer‐adaptive test into the classroom may not be effective. We discuss how educational technologies should be integrated into human teaching activities.
Psychometric Examination of the Japanese Version of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire1234
Authors: Kashimura Masami , Ishizu Kenichiro , Becerra Rodrigo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEmotion beliefs include beliefs regarding usefulness and controllability of emotions, and they play an important role in emotion regulation. This study developed a Japanese version of the Emotion Beliefs Questionnaire (EBQ‐J) and examined its reliability and validity. A total of 317 participants were surveyed (212 women, 98 men, 7 not indicated; mean age: 20.06 ± 2.84 years). A preliminary survey was conducted with 23 undergraduate students to develop a draft of the Japanese version. The results confirmed the face validity of the measurement. The first cross‐sectional survey examined descriptive statistics, structural validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender differences in measurement scores. The second, short‐term longitudinal and cross‐sectional survey evaluated the test–retest reliability and construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the EBQ‐J had a four‐first‐order‐factor and two‐second‐order‐factor structure. The results were consistent with the original EBQ. The measurement demonstrated good internal consistency, moderate to excellent test–retest reliability, and partially verified construct validity. The EBQ‐J could assess emotion beliefs across positive and negative emotions and explain emotion regulation processes.
The social construction of algorithms: A reassessment of algorithmic management in food delivery gig work
Authors: Heiland Heiner 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAlgorithms are usually regarded as fixed objects. In contrast, the article conceptualises and analyses the (social) construction of algorithmic management. By means of interviews, ethnography and analyses of chats, two allocation algorithms in platform‐mediated courier work are examined. Different levels of algorithm construction are identified and a conceptual framework is developed to analyse the connections between the workers' technological frames, theories and practices. It is shown that the couriers develop theories about the algorithms' mode of operation based on their assumptions and experiences, and that their practices are guided by these theories. As a result, it becomes apparent how workers develop false theories about the algorithms' mechanisms due to their opacity, which effectively disciplines their actions. However, the paper further describes how the ontogenetic nature of algorithms gives workers limited but existing agency in their interactions with technologies.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's dementia and vehicle driving restriction: a scoping review
Authors: de Almeida Wannessa Martins , Quintas Juliana Lima , Trindade Isabela Oliveira Azevedo , Pitta Leonardo Santos Rocha , Louzada Luciana Lilian , Nóbrega Otávio Toledo , Camargos Einstein Francisco 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThere are doubts about vehicle driving restriction for patients with Alzheimer's disease. A scoping review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐ScR) methodology. Relevant databases were searched for articles published between 2000 and 2022 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Articles were included if they specifically addressed driving, risk of accidents, permission or licence to drive a motor vehicle in a context of important cognitive decline, or if addressed traffic legislation on driving and dementia. Twenty‐three articles were selected for full reading, six of which were observational studies and only one with an interventionist method. All articles were carried out in high‐income countries such as the UK, the US, and Australia. As a conclusion, there is no psychometric test in the literature sensitive enough to assess vehicle driving competence in older adults with cognitive deficits. Based on selected studies, there is no robust evidence to make recommendation for or against the cessation of vehicular driving for patients with mild cognitive decline or with mild dementia. In some situations, vehicle driving cessation can impact patients and their families. In addition, legal regulations regarding vehicle driving for older adults and people with dementia are scarce worldwide. Despite the scarcity of studies addressing the theme of vehicle driving in the context of dementia, there is some level of consensual reasoning that patients with moderate to severe dementia should halt driving activities, but the same does not apply for patients with mild levels of cognitive impairment, including mild dementia.
Layered Security Guidance for Data Asset Management in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Ali Milaat Fahad , Lubell Joshua 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Manufacturing industries are increasingly adopting additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to produce functional parts in critical systems. However, the inherent complexity of both AM designs and AM processes renders them attractive targets for cyber-attacks. Risk-based information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) security guidance standards are useful resources for AM security practitioners, but the guidelines they provide are insufficient without additional AM-specific revisions. Therefore, a structured layering approach is needed to efficiently integrate these revisions with preexisting IT and OT security guidance standards. To implement such an approach, this paper proposes leveraging the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s cybersecurity framework (CSF) to develop layered, risk-based guidance for fulfilling specific security outcomes. It begins with an in-depth literature review that reveals the importance of AM data and asset management to risk-based security. Next, this paper adopts the CSF asset identification and management security outcomes as an example for providing AM-specific guidance and identifies the AM geometry and process definitions to aid manufacturers in mapping data flows and documenting processes. Finally, this paper uses the open security controls assessment language (OSCAL) to integrate the AM-specific guidance with existing IT and OT security guidance in a rigorous and traceable manner. This paper’s contribution is to show how a risk-based layered approach enables the authoring, publishing, and management of AM-specific security guidance that is currently lacking. The authors believe implementation of the layered approach would result in value-added, non-redundant security guidance for AM that is consistent with the preexisting guidance.
Topology Optimization Using Neural Networks With Conditioning Field Initialization for Improved Efficiency
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Joglekar Aditya , Burak Kara Levent 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We propose conditioning field initialization for neural network-based topology optimization. In this work, we focus on (1) improving upon existing neural network-based topology optimization and (2) demonstrating that using a prior initial field on the unoptimized domain, the efficiency of neural network-based topology optimization can be further improved. Our approach consists of a topology neural network that is trained on a case by case basis to represent the geometry for a single topology optimization problem. It takes in domain coordinates as input to represent the density at each coordinate where the topology is represented by a continuous density field. The displacement is solved through a finite element solver. We employ the strain energy field calculated on the initial design domain as an additional conditioning field input to the neural network throughout the optimization. Running the same number of iterations, our method converges to a lower compliance. To reach the same compliance, our method takes fewer iterations. The addition of the strain energy field input improves the convergence speed compared to standalone neural network-based topology optimization.
Artificial Neural Networks Application on Average and Stagnation Nusselt Number Prediction for Impingement Cooling of Flat Plate With Helically Coiled Air Jet
Authors: Fawaz H. E. , Osama Mostafa M. , Maghrabie Hussein M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to estimate the average and stagnation Nusselt numbers for turbulent flow for impingement cooling of a flat plate with a helically coiled air jet, a new artificial neural network (ANN) model is presented in the present study. A new dataset of stagnation and average Nusselt numbers as a function of Reynolds number (Re) varied from 5000 to 30,000, nozzle plate spacing ratio changed from 2 to 8, and jet helical angles of 0 deg, 20 deg, 30 deg, 40 deg, and 60 deg was created based on an experimental investigation. The ANN structure is composed of three layers with hidden neurons of 14–10–8. The training process comprises feed-forward propagation of the selected input parameters, back-propagation with biases and weight adjustments, and loss function evaluation for the training and validation datasets. The activation function of the output layer is a linear function, and the rectified linear unit activation function is utilized in the hidden layers. The adaptive moment estimation algorithm is employed to minimize the loss function to accelerate the ANN training. To prevent an increase in training time caused by the marked discrepancy in the gradients of loss function considering the values of the weights, the “MinMax” normalization strategy was used. For the ANN model, the mean absolute percent error values were 2.35% for the average Nusselt number and 2.52% for the stagnation Nusselt number. According to the comparison of projected data with the outcomes of earlier experiments, the derived model’s performance was validated and the findings showed outstanding accuracy.
Late surfactant administration after 48 hours of age in preterm neonates with respiratory insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Solís-García Gonzalo , Elias Sara , Dunn Michael , Jasani Bonny 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically review and meta-analyse the effect of late surfactant administration versus placebo in reducing the incidence of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants.DesignPubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched until 30 May 2023, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing administration of surfactant after 48 hours of age versus placebo in preterm ventilator-dependent neonates. The primary outcome was incidence of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA). Secondary outcomes included incidence of BPD at 36 weeks PMA, pre-discharge mortality, use of postnatal steroids, post-discharge respiratory support, treatment with steroids or hospitalisation prior to 1-year corrected age.ResultsPooled analyses of four RCTs (N=850) showed no statistically significant difference between groups in the incidence of death or BPD at 36 weeks’ PMA (relative risk (RR) 0.99; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.10; Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE): moderate). Late surfactant administration significantly decreased the need for post-discharge respiratory support prior to 1-year corrected age (two RCTs; N=522; RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.89; GRADE: low). Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the groups.ConclusionsAdministration of late surfactant does not improve the rates of death or BPD at 36 weeks when administered to preterm infants with prolonged respiratory insufficiency. Additional adequately powered trials are needed to establish the efficacy of late surfactant therapy in preterm infants.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023432463.
Survey-identified experiences of prediagnosis and diagnosis process among patients with COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease and bronchiectasis
Authors: Zhang Xiubin , Ellis Andrew , Quint Jennifer K , Bottle Alex 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionDiagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis and interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be convoluted, and limited data exist on understanding the experience of diagnosis from a patient perspective.AimTo investigate a patient’s ‘route to diagnosis’, particularly focusing on the time prior to seeking healthcare, and perceived experiences of the diagnostic pathway.MethodsAn online survey was distributed via the UK Taskforce for Lung Health and member mailing lists to patients as well as the website and social media accounts from 23 May 2022 to 5 July 2022. Analysis was descriptive; χ2tests were performed to make comparisons across diseases.ResultsThere were 398 valid responses (COPD=156, asthma=119, ILD=67 and bronchiectasis=56). While only 9.2% of respondents who were eventually diagnosed with asthma had not heard of their disease, the corresponding percentages for COPD, ILD and bronchiectasis were 34.0%, 74.6% and 69.6%, respectively. 33.9% of people with bronchiectasis believed their delayed diagnosis was due to the health professionals’ lack of expertise or knowledge—24.4% for asthma, 19.2% for COPD and 17.9% for ILD.People with COPD were more likely (37.2%) and patients with asthma less likely (10.9%) to report they did not know the signs of potential lung disease (p<0.001). People with COPD were more likely to report that they did not appreciate the severity or urgency of the situation (58.3%) than people with asthma (32.8%), ILD (43.3%) or bronchiectasis (28.6%, p<0.001). The proportion of patients reporting that they were being initially treated for another lung condition was higher in people with bronchiectasis (44.6%) and lower in people with asthma (8.4%, p<0.001).ConclusionsPerceived reasons for diagnostic delay can help health professionals promote early diagnosis and management. Patients’ limited knowledge of respiratory diseases also played a factor, indicating the necessity to promote patients’ knowledge to encourage earlier help seeking.
Stroke reduction by cerebral embolic protection devices in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Authors: Heuts Samuel , Gabrio Andrea , Veenstra Leo , Maesen Bart , Kats Suzanne , Maessen Jos G , Walton Antony S , Nanayakkara Shane , Lansky Alexandra J , van 't Hof Arnoud W J , Vriesendorp Pieter A 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesThe use of cerebral embolic protection (CEP) during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been studied in several randomised trials. We aimed to perform a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised CEP trials, focusing on a clinically relevant reduction in disabling stroke.MethodsA systematic search was applied to three electronic databases, including trials that randomised TAVI patients to CEP versus standard treatment. The primary outcome was the risk of disabling stroke. Outcomes were presented as relative risk (RR), absolute risk differences (ARDs), numbers needed to treat (NNTs) and the 95% credible intervals (CrIs). The minimal clinically important difference was determined at 1.1% ARD, per expert consensus (NNT 91). The principal Bayesian meta-analysis was performed under a vague prior, and secondary analyses were performed under two informed literature-based priors.ResultsSeven randomised studies were included for meta-analysis (n=3996: CEP n=2126, control n=1870). Under a vague prior, the estimated median RR of CEP use for disabling stroke was 0.56 (95% CrI 0.28 to 1.19, derived ARD 0.56% and NNT 179, I2=0%). Although the estimated posterior probability ofanybenefit was 94.4%, the probability of aclinically relevant effectwas 0–0.1% under the vague and informed literature-based priors. Results were robust across multiple sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThere is a high probability of a beneficial CEP treatment effect, but this is unlikely to be clinically relevant. These findings suggest that future trials should focus on identifying TAVI patients with an increased baseline risk of stroke, and on the development of new generation devices.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023407006.
Postoperative Hirschsprung’s associated enterocolitis (HAEC): transition zone as putative histopathological predictive factor
Authors: Duci Miriam , Santoro Luisa , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Loss Greta , Mescoli Claudia , Gamba Piergiorgio , Fascetti Leon Francesco 
Published: November 2023

AimsHirschsprung’s-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is the most severe complication of Hirschsprung disease (HD), and its pathogenesis is still unknown. Length of transition zone (TZ) interposed between aganglionic and normal bowel has been poorly explored as predictor for postoperative HAEC (post-HAEC). This study aimed to identify potential predictive factors for post-HAEC, with a particular focus on histopathological findings.MethodsData from Hirschsprung patients treated in a single Italian centre between 2010 and 2022 with a follow-up >6 months were collected. Thorough histopathological examination of the resected bowel was conducted, focusing on length of TZ and aganglionic bowel.The degree of inflammatory changes in ganglionic resected bowel was further obtained. Ultra-long HD, total colonic aganglionosis and ultra-short HD were excluded. Bivariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed.ResultsThirty-one patients were included; 5 experienced preoperative HAEC (pre-HAEC) and later post-HAEC (16.1%), further 10 patients developed post-HAEC (total post-HAEC 48.38%). Pre-HAEC-history and a TZ<2.25 cm correlated with an early development of post-HAEC. Multivariate analysis identified a TZ<2.25 cm as an independent post-HAEC predictive factor (p=0.0096). Inflammation within the ganglionic zone and a TZ<2.25 cm correlated with higher risk of post-HAEC (p=0.0074, 0.001, respectively). Severe post-HAEC more frequently occurred in patients with pre-HAEC (p=0.011), histological inflammation (p=0.0009) and short TZ (p=0.0015).ConclusionsThis study suggests that TZ<2.25 cm predicts the risk of post-HAEC. Preoperative clinical and histopathology inflammation may predispose to worst post-HAEC. Readily available histopathological findings might help identifying patients at higher risk for HAEC and implementing prevention strategies.