bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über ein radiales Flüssigkeitsmodell Röntgenstrukturuntersuchung des flüssigen Tetrachlorkolenstoffs
Authors: Reichelt Gert , Weidner Jörg‐Ulrich , Zimmermann Herbert W. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDie Nahordnung in einer Flüssigkeit wie CCl4, bei der zwischen den Teilchen nur schwache Kräfte wirken, kann nicht mit Hilfe eines einfachen Korrelationsgitters bzw. Korrelationsclusters beschrieben werden. Zur Interpretation der Intensität der Röntgenstreustrahlung hat sich em radiales Flüssigkeitsmodell als zweckmäßig erwiesen, in dem die Paarverteilungsfunktion durch Überlagerung eines diskreten und eines kontinuierlichen Anteils gebildet wird.Zur Beschreibung des intermolekularen Anteils der kohärenten Streuintensität von Molekülpaaren werden zwei neue Molekülformamplituden definiert. Sie hängen vorwiegend von der Molekülorientierung, weniger vom Paarabstand ab. Die reduzierte intermolekulare Streuintensität wird nur noch durch Größen bestimmt, die den Molekülpaaren zuzuordnen sind. Insbesondere kann formal die Einführung von Atompaarabständen vermieden werden. Der neu entwickelte Formalismus wurde auf die Rontgenstrukturuntersuchung von CCl4 angewandt. Die Röntgenstreuintensität des flüssigen CCl4 wurde bei 20°C mit Cu‐Kα‐ und Mo‐Kα‐Strahlung im Intervall 5° ≤ 2° ≤ 120° gemessen und auf Polarisation, Absorption, Untergrundstreuung und Schwankung der Primärintensität korrigiert. Die totale reduzierte Intensität läßt sich in einen intra‐ und einen intermolekularen Anteil zerlegen. Durch sorgfältige Behandlung des Skalierungsfaktors gelang es erstmalig, aus Röntgenstreuexperimenten nicht nur die Abstände, sondern auch deren mittlere Schwankungsamplitude in Übereinstimmung mit Elektronenbeugungsdaten und schwingungsspektroskopischen Untersuchungen zu erhalten:
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Bei der Behandlung der intermolekularen Struktur wurden vereinfachend nur zwei Molekülorientierungen, parallel und antiparallel, berücksichtigt. Der diskrete Anteil der Paarverteilungsfunktion läßt sich im radialen Modell durch acht verschiedene Molekülpaare definierter Häufigkeit beschreiben. Abstand und Orientierung der Moleküle sowie die Häufigkeit der Molekülpaare wurden aus der intermolekularen reduzierten Intensität iterativ berechnet. Der R‐Faktor der intermolekularen Struktur beträgt R = 0,14.Aus dem Integral über die gesamte Molekülpaarverteilungsfunktion 1aDt sich die mittlere Reichweite der Wechselwirkung zwischen Zentralmolekül und Nachbarn zu 6,7 A abschätzen. Danach unterliegen ca. 9 CC1,‐Moleküle der orientierenden Wirkung eines Zentralmoleküls. Die Nahordnung reicht damit über den Bereich der ersten Koordinationssphare des Zentralmoleküls hinaus, ein Ergebnis, das sich auch aus der Diskussion der direkten Korrelationsfunktion ergibt.
The Transition Rates Between the Different Ionic States of Polystyrylsodium in Polar Organic Solvents
Authors: Böhm L. L. , Löhr G. , Schulz G. V. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBased on the fact that in polar organic solvents polystyrylsodium exists in three thermodynamicly and kinetically distinguishable ionic states (the contact ion pair, the solvent separated ion pair, the free carbanion), the rate constants for the transitions between these three states were investigated by a novel method in various solvents over a broad range of temperature. This method is based on the analysis of the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene samples produced under kinetically controlled conditions. The formal relations and the experimental methods are described in detail.The results obtained in the solvents tetrahydropyrane (THP), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethoxiethane (DME), reveal that the dissociation of polystyrylsodium proceeds via two clearly distinguishable steps: The first step, the transition of the contact ion pair into the solvent separated ion pair proceeds relatively slowly and is characterized by a small activation energy and an extraordinarily high negative activation entropy. In the sequence THP, THF and DME the corresponding transition rate constants increase each by a factor of some 50, whereas the rate constant for the reverse reaction appear to be almost unaffected in these solvents. – The second step, the dissociation of the solvent separated ion pair into its free ions proceeds rapidly; the association of the ions is found to be almost diffusion controlled in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Physical Adsorption of Fluids at High Temperatures and High Pressures
Authors: Findenegg G. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe asymptotic relation for the one‐particle distribution function of a fluid near a flat surface, obtained by Kuni and Rusanov, is used to calculate the adsorption at the fluid/solid interface. According to this theory the surface excess of the fluid as a function of pressure and temperature is approximately proportional to p2K, where p is the density and K the isothermal compressibility of the bulk fluid. The main features of published adsorption isotherms at high temperatures (T > 2 Tc) of the adsorptive, i.e., the initial increase of the surface excess and its decrease at higher pressures, as well as the temperature dependence of adsorption, are reproduced by this theory.
Vibrational Relaxation in Liquids; some Applications of the Isotopic Dilution Method
Authors: Woerkom P. C. M. Van , Bieijser J. De , Zwart M. De , Burgers P. M. J. , Leyte J. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe isotopic dilution method is applied to study the influence of intermolecular vibrational relaxation on the IR correlation functions of some absorption bands of CH2Cl2, CHCl3 und CDCl3. The temperature dependent isotopic dilution effect is explained on the basis of intermolecular transition dipole‐transition dipole interaction, modulated by molecular reorientation. For these system a priori separation of independent rotational and vibrational correlation functions is not permitted according to the experimental results.
Angiographic patterns of restenosis after drug‐coated balloon angioplasty for femoropopliteal lesions and 1‐year prognosis after repeat endovascular therapy
Authors: Higashino Naoko , Iida Osamu , Ishihara Takayuki , Hata Yosuke , Toyoshima Taku , Tsukizawa Tomofumi , Nishian Kunihiko , Fujihara Masahiko , Kawasaki Daizo , Mano Toshiaki 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the current study sought to investigate the angiographic patterns of restenosis after drug‐coated balloon (DCB) angioplasty for femoropopliteal (FP) lesions and which repeat endovascular therapy (EVT) for DCB restenosis would provide more freedom from recurrent restenosis.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study included 119 limbs (chronic limb‐threatening ischemia [CLTI]: 55%, lesion length: 136.9 ± 89.6 mm, chronic total occlusion: 25%) of 95 patients (diabetes mellitus: 70%, hemodialysis: 56%) who were diagnosed with DCB restenosis between January 2018 and December 2019. The cases were classified into three groups based on angiographic patterns of restenosis: Class I: focal lesions ≤50 mm, Class II: diffuse lesions >50 mm, and Class III: totally occluded lesions. The DCB restenosis patterns and frequency and predictors of recurrent restenosis after repeated EVT (re‐EVT) were investigated.ResultsThe mean follow‐up duration was 29.8 ± 9.5 months. Groups I, II, and III comprised of 30 (25.2%), 55 (46.2%), and 34 (29.0%) cases, respectively. The overall rate of 1‐year freedom from recurrent restenosis was 58.2%. One‐year rate of freedom from recurrent restenosis after repeat DCB was not statistically different from that after scaffolding (71.1% vs. 74.6%, respectively, p = 0.911); however, it was significantly better than that after noncoated balloon angioplasty (repeat DCB vs. noncoated balloon angioplasty: 71.1% vs. 25.7%, respectively, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that CLTI (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.15, p < 0.001) and re‐EVT with noncoated balloon (HR: 3.16, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with recurrent restenosis; however, Class III pattern of DCB restenosis was not associated with recurrent restenosis (HR: 1.04, p = 0.918).ConclusionsThis study revealed the angiographic patterns of restenosis after DCB therapy for FP lesions and the 1‐year rate of recurrent restenosis after repeat revascularization. Repeat DCB therapy demonstrated acceptable 1‐year recurrent restenosis rates.
Novel percutaneous intervention technique for obstructed coronary artery after valve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Mitsui Kentaro , Takagi Kensuke , Kakuta Takashi , Noguchi Teruo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractValve‐in‐valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement (valve‐in‐valve TAVR) increases the risk of coronary obstruction. Although the coronary protection strategy is widely used, the use of the bailout technique after coronary obstruction is limited. Hence, we report a simple bailout technique for coronary obstruction after valve‐in‐valve TAVR. An 82‐year‐old woman presented with structural valve deterioration. The left anterior descending coronary artery had 90% stenosis. After TAVR, the prosthetic valve shifted close to the ascending aorta wall, consequently impairing coronary flow. The wire crossed with the Judkins right guiding catheter (JR) reference to the en‐face and perpendicular views. Using the guide‐extension catheter, the JR contacted the contralateral ascending aorta as a backup catheter. After a balloon was dilated between the prosthetic valve and aorta, JR engaged into the coronary artery with excellent backup. This novel “Whisker pole guiding technique” is useful, even after valve‐in‐valve TAVR.
Rapid transesophageal atrial pacing for balloon aortic valvuloplasty in neonates and infants: A new technique for balloon stabilization
Authors: Meliota Giovanni , Lombardi Maristella , Vairo Ugo 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBalloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) is preferred by most centers over surgery for the treatment of congenital valve stenosis, due to its less invasive nature and faster recovery time. A variety of techniques have been employed to induce a transient cardiac standstill and reduce longitudinal balloon displacement during valve dilatation. Rapid right ventricular (RV) pacing is an effective method to stabilize the balloon during aortic valvuloplasty and it is regularly used in older children and adults. Despite the evidence of its feasibility and efficacy, its use in neonates and infants is still not widespread globally as it is associated with certain drawbacks in this population. We report the use of a new technique to achieve balloon stabilization during BAV in neonates and infants. Four patients with severe congenital aortic valve stenosis were treated with percutaneous BAV using rapid transesophageal atrial pacing. Rapid atrial pacing was performed in asynchronous modality at a rate which resulted in a drop of the systemic arterial pressure by 50%. The balloon was inflated only after the set pacing rate was reached. The pacing was continued until the balloon was completely deflated. No ventricular arrhythmia occurred. Fluoroscopy time was not influenced by transesophageal pacing. Mild aortic regurgitation developed in only one case. Rapid transesophageal atrial pacing was safe and allowed a significant relief of left ventricular obstruction while minimizing aortic regurgitation. Compared to RV pacing, it does not require additional vascular access. Moreover, transesophageal pacing is not at risk of cardiac or vascular perforation and ventricular arrhythmias.
Strategy of Controlling Ru Particles Size for Regulating Cleavage Rate of C−C and C−O Bonds of Biomass Polyols to Enhance the Yield of Methane
Authors: Gu Chun , Yu Weiqiang , Zhao Hanqing , Shi Song , Che Penghua , Xu Jie , Gao Jin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA series of porous silica were prepared by alkyl‐trimethyl‐ammonium bromide with different carbon chain lengths (PS‐n, n corresponds to the carbon chain length). These templates carried out precise structure regulation of porous silica. The Ru particles supported on porous silica behaved in precisely controlled size according to the pore diameter. When used in the hydrogenolysis of biomass polyols, a higher methane yield was achieved over Ru/PS‐16. This result can be explained by the higher C2/C3 over Ru/PS‐16 than others.
The pipeline flow of capsules: Part 2: Theoretical analysis of the concentric flow of cylindrical forms
Authors: Charles M. E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPredictions of capsule velocity and pressure gradient accompanying capsule flow are made for an idealised system in which a long cylindrical capsule moves concentrically with respect to the pipe.The capsule velocity always exceeds the average velocity, for example, by 22% for laminar conditions and 3% for turbulent conditions, when the ratio of the capsule diameter to the pipe diameter is 0.8.The pressure gradient accompanying capsule flow is related to the pressure gradient which would exist if the fluid alone flowed in the pipe at the same average velocity as the combined flows for different combinations of laminar and turbulent conditions. For each combination only a moderate increase in pressure gradient is predicted provided the diameter ratio does not exceed about 0.9. In the particular case of turbulent flow in the capsule‐free system and laminar flow in the annulus between the capsule and the pipe a decrease in pressure gradient of as much as 20% is predicted.A regime of instability is predicted in which neither laminar nor turbulent flow is stable in the annulus.
Evaluation of food μPADs with the new tech perspectives and future prospects
Authors: Okutan Arslan Nagihan , Trabzon Levent 
Published: October 2023

AbstractFood microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (µPADs) are powerful tools to create total analysis systems and have long been demonstrated to be useful for safety and quality applications. Thanks to new technological innovations food µPADs offer exciting new possibilities. This review introduces how µPADs are obtained from chromatography, filter, or office papers and detect analytes from a food sample. We introduce the most current developments in the use of µPADs with an emphasis on paper types, adapted new technologies, and detection limits. Classifications are also made on food µPADs according to applied innovations and adapted novel technologies. In the first section, simple forms of µPADs for the detection of pathogen, mycotoxin, pesticides, and other food components are discussed with technical details. Then, we introduce multisensing approaches for high throughput analysis and a concise summary will be given. In the case of three‐dimensional (3D) µPADs, the use of 3D is discussed and compared to 2D µPADs in terms of its advantageous with the example of a food colorant test device. In the following section, smartphone adoption to µPADs is introduced in detail with eight different assay examples. Centrifugal platform for nickel assay is demonstrated as an enabling approach with shortened assay times by rotational velocity. The potential of user‐friendly hybrid devices is also summarized in the last part. Finally, we present an outlook to underline the opportunities created by smartphone‐based and intelligent µPADs for food safety and quality with real success perspectives
Co‐treatment with the seed of Carthamus tinctorius L. and the aerial part of Taraxacum coreanum synergistically suppresses Aβ25–35‐induced neurotoxicity by altering APP processing
Authors: He Mei Tong , Kim Ji Hyun , Cho Eun Ju 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAccumulation of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) induces neurotoxicity, which is the primary risk factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β‐ (BACE) and γ‐ (PS1, PS2) secretases is a critical step in the amyloidogenic pathway. The induction of neuronal apoptosis by Aβ involves increased expression of B‐cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl‐2)‐associated X (Bax) and decreased Bcl‐2 expression. The seed of Carthamus tinctorius L. (CTS) and the aerial part of Taraxacum coreanum (TC) are traditional herbs used to treat several neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of co‐treatment with CTS and TC on Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. CTS, TC, and the co‐treatment (CTS + TC) were added to Aβ25–35‐treated SH‐SY5Y cells. CTS + TC synergistically increased cell viability and inhibited reactive oxygen species production. CTS + TC resulted in significant downregulation of BACE, PS1, PS2, and APP, as well as the 99‐aa C‐terminal domain of APP, compared with either CTS or TC alone. Compared with the single herbs, co‐treatment with CTS and TC markedly decreased the expression of Bax and increased the expression of Bcl‐2, consistent with its anti‐apoptotic effects. These findings suggest that co‐treatment with CTS and TC may be useful for AD prevention.
Effect of hydroxytyrosol, Moringa, and spirulina on the physicochemical properties and nutritional characteristics of gluten‐free brownies
Authors: Peñalver Rocío , Martínez‐Zamora Lorena , Lorenzo José Manuel , Ros Gaspar , Nieto Martínez Gema 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBrownies, enriched with fiber and Moringa oleifera, hydroxytyrosol (HXT), and spirulina (encapsulated and nonencapsulated), and dietary fiber using psyllium were elaborated. For that, a commercial control (CTRL) and an experimental control (CTRL) (without antioxidants) were compared. Color, nutritional composition, pH, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, as well as sensory properties were evaluated. The results showed the brownies developed with psyllium and the different extracts increased total dietary fiber compared to CTRL Commercial and CTRL, with E‐spirulina (14.93 g/100 g) and Moringa (11.91 g/100 g) being the most prominent samples. However, with regard to soluble fiber, the highest content of NE‐spirulina and the lowest content of HXT were observed. In addition, brownies enriched with extracts showed higher antioxidant capacity and higher phenolic compounds than controls, with HXT standing out at 299.25 μM Trolox/g in ABTS, 1470.08 μM Trolox/g in DPPH, and 18.15 μM Trolox/g in FRAP. However, a high level of phenolic compounds was found in E‐Spirulina (604.71 mg/L). In reference to fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (70%) were the predominant fatty acids, followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (19%) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (10%). Glutamic acid and asparagine were the predominant amino acids. As for mineral content, N‐spirulina and E‐spirulina were the brownies with the highest iron bioaccessibility; Si, Na, B, Al, P, Fe, Zn, Bi, Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, Rb, S, and Sr being the most abundant elements in the brownies of this study. In addition, the HXT and Moringa samples scored higher in overall acceptability compared to the controls. The findings suggest that the incorporation of psyllium, quinoa flour, and antioxidant extracts in brownies could be a viable approach to produce a healthy brownie enriched with fiber, antioxidants and, therefore, considering the nutritional, physicochemical, and organoleptic characteristics, HTX is the ideal compound to enrich bakery products.
Kilogram‐Scale Synthesis of 4‐Chloro‐6‐(6‐methoxypyridin‐ 3‐yl)pyrimidine through a Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Using Micellar Catalysis
Authors: Isley Nicholas A. , Gallou Fabrice 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA scalable and environmentally benign protocol for a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling in water using vitamin E derived surfactant TPGS‐750‐M is reported. The protocol is the most simple and standard for such transformations under micellar catalysis that has been amply utilized within our own research and development portfolio over the last decade. The impact of the synthetic procedure is reenforced by green Process Mass Intensity and Total Carbon Release metrics.
Practical Applications of a Nausea and Vomiting Model in the Clinical Development of Additional Doses of Dulaglutide
Authors: Tang Cheng Cai , Lim Jean , Loo Li Shen , Jung Heike , Konig Manige , Tham Lai San 
Published: October 2023

AbstractDulaglutide 3.0 and 4.5 mg weekly doses were approved for additional glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and 0.75 or 1.5 mg weekly doses of dulaglutide. Effects such as nausea and vomiting are commonly reported with dulaglutide and other glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist therapies. Based on a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model‐informed approach, a stepwise dose‐escalation scheme with 4‐week intervals between dose increments was suggested to mitigate gastrointestinal events for dulaglutide. These gastrointestinal events are dose dependent and attenuate over time with repeated dosing. A Markov chain Monte Carlo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic joint model was developed using AWARD‐11 data (N = 1842) to optimize dulaglutide dose escalation to 3.0 and 4.5 mg to mitigate gastrointestinal events. Model simulations evaluated probabilities of nausea and vomiting events for various dosing scenarios in patients needing higher doses for additional glycemic control. The model indicated that patients may dose escalate from 1.5 to 3.0 mg, then 4.5 mg weekly after at least 4 weeks on each dose. No clinically meaningful differences in nausea or vomiting events were expected when patients escalated to 3.0 or 4.5 mg following initiation at 0.75 or 1.5 mg dulaglutide. Based on the findings of this model, a minimum 4‐week duration at each dose before escalation was appropriate to reduce gastrointestinal events of dulaglutide, consistent with observed gastrointestinal events data from the AWARD‐11 study and supporting the currently recommended dose‐escalation regimen of dulaglutide doses of 3.0 and 4.5 mg for additional glycemic control.
Enhancing microbial desalination cell performance for water desalination and wastewater treatment: experimental study and modelling of electrical energy production in open and closed‐circuit modes
Authors: Ali Qahtan Adnan , Alhares Hasanain Saad , Abd‐almohi Hussein H. , M‐Ridha Mohanad J. , Mohammed Sabah J. , Jabbar Zaid H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial desalination cell (MDC) is a new technology in the use of electrical energy for water desalination and wastewater treatment.RESULTSOpen circuit (OC) and closed circuit (CC) modes were successfully simulated with initial TDS concentrations of 10 g/L and 10–15 g/L, respectively (an external resistance of only 150 Ω was applied for CC). After 160 h of operation, the maximum OC voltage, desalination efficiency and COD removal efficiency were 809 mV, 32.2% and 79.2%, respectively. The maximum voltage was also obtained when the external resistances were 150 Ω (423.4 and 438 mV) for the initial NaCl concentrations (10 and 15 g/L) in the central chamber, respectively. Moreover, the maximal desalting and COD removal efficiencies after 24 h run‐time were (30% and 28%) and (24% and 25%) for initial NaCl concentrations (10 or 15 g/L) in the central chamber, respectively. Maintaining pH (8.61, 7.01) to (7.85, 7.8) in anode and cathode chambers was studied. This research accurately depicted microbial desalination's efficiency in generating OC voltages and CC electrical energy via Box–Behnken Design Distribution (BBD). Investigated factors’ interactions (initial salt/COD concentrations, time) on CC system's energy efficiency. Resulted in peak productivity at (1.85 mW), OC reaching (1100 mV).CONCLUSIONFinally, the research paper gave exciting results in improving the efficiency of the microbial desalination cell to increase the ability to produce electrical energy and desalinate water. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).