bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a high affinity monoclonal antibody against imazapyr and its configuration in a sensitive ELISA suitable for field use
Authors: Siew L. K. , Dessi J. L. , Spoors J. A. , Winger L. , Jennens L. , Self C. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough polyclonal antibodies specific for the herbicide imazapyr have been described and have formed the basis of an immunoassay (at one time commercially available but since withdrawn), it is clear that this molecule has limited immunogenicity. We evaluated various hapten–protein conjugates for their capacity to elicit antibody binding to imazapyr from multiply immunized murine hosts, as assessed by hapten‐competed inhibition of reactivity with hapten conjugated to a heterologous carrier. From one highly reactive individual, we subsequently developed a monoclonal antibody exhibiting a high reactivity to this agrochemical. With this antibody we have been able to configure immunoassays in formats suitable for either laboratory or field use that exhibit both high performance and convenience, such that sensitivities for imazapyr in the range of 1 ng/ml can be achieved. While further testing of this anti‐imazapyr antibody in field conditions is required, the availability of a constant source of immunoreactive immunoglobulin may be important in the development of useful immunoanalytical approaches for the assessment of imazapyr at the point‐of‐need. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 281–287, 2001; DOI 10.1002/fact.10012
Liquid‐sheath‐flow electrospray ionization feasibility study of direct water analysis with the use of high‐resolution ion‐mobility spectrometry
Authors: Matz Laura M. , Clowers Brian H. , Steiner Wes E. , Siems William F. , Hill Herbert H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIon‐mobility spectrometry (IMS) in conjunction with radioactive ionization sources has been employed for field‐portable applications for the past two decades. Recently, electrospray ionization (ESI) sources have been shown as a viable ionization source with IMS instruments, enabling the analysis of many nonvolatile compounds. Introduction of a liquid‐sheath‐flow ESI source enabled the direct analysis of water samples. The ESI source was built with relatively simple lightweight components, making it feasible for use in field applications. A comparison between traditional ESI solvent conditions (water plus organic solvent) and the liquid‐sheath‐flow concept shows the new source to be able to spray water samples directly without prior sample preparation. The novel electrospray ionization source was evaluated with two nonfiltered water samples, one from a snow sample and the other obtained from a local stream. In both cases, 1 ppm of Terbutryn (a widely used herbicide) was easily detected. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 5: 91–96, 2001
Installation Sustainability: Transforming—The Army's Future
Authors: Jones David D. , Messenger Manette , Webster Ron , Stine Rudy 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe U.S. Army faces fundamental challenges in sustaining its large power‐projection platforms over the
next century. Competition for scarce resources, environmental issues, and public concern all combine to create an
increasing number of constraints on military training and the long‐term viability of important Army
installations. Mission sustainment over the long haul must address individual well being, community productivity,
infrastructure, and environment at each of these installations, as an integrated whole. The Army is examining
these sustainability issues, identifying the strategic and installation‐level elements of an integrated
campaign plan for installation sustainability, and the Army's major power‐projection platforms are now
developing long‐term strategic sustainability plans. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
A first‐order volume of fluid convection model in three‐dimensional space
Authors: Kim Seong‐O. , Sim Yoonsub , Kim Eui‐Kwang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo improve the numerical analysis of free surface convections and reconstruction in a three‐dimensional space, a first‐order algorithm is developed based on the volume of fluid (VOF) theory. The methodology applied to the first‐order method (FOM) is to define a first‐order surface as near to the horizontal as possible while satisfying the defined volume fraction of a cell. The developed method is compared against the donor cell method of zeroth‐order through simulation of the transitional and rotational convection of liquid spheres. Although the donor cell method shows relatively good predictions for the sphere of a large diameter, it shows poor performance of large distortions for a sphere of a relatively small diameter. However, the FOM developed in this study always shows quite satisfactory prediction results for free surface convection. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the use of the Galerkin method for 3D numerical modelling of the general circulation: the South Atlantic eperiment
Authors: Harari Joseph , Giarolla Emanuel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA linear three‐dimensional hydrodynamical numerical model, with the application of the Galerkin Method for the vertical dependence, is here presented. The spherical coordinate system is used, in order to allow large‐scale simulations. The equations and mathematical development of the model are shown in detail, together with the boundary and initial conditions, and the sequence of equations' solution. The model is applied to the South Atlantic Ocean, for estimating typical seasonal circulations, and the results are summarized in maps of currents at surface and 1000 m depth, and in transport values of the Brazil Current between 30°S and 40°S. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified quasi‐two‐dimensional model for gain optimization in carbon dioxide gasdynamic lasers (GDL)
Authors: Bahrampour A. R. , Farrahi R.‐M. , Radjabalipour M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper a simplified quasi‐two‐dimensional model for small signal gain optimization in gasdynamic laser is introduced. In order to obtain a homogeneous medium with maximum optical gain in the active medium, by nozzle shape formation, the shock occurrence position is controlled and is postponed to some point behind the laser active medium. Then the method of calculus of variation is used to find the supersonic part of the nozzle of a gasdynamic laser with maximum gain in the active medium. The interesting result is that the supersonic part of such a nozzle consists of a wedge as the accelerating part of the nozzle, a smooth surface for the uniformization, and finally a channel for the relaxation of the medium. (The middle section is characterized as the geometrical locus of points whose characteristic curves are concurrent at a certain point.) It is also shown that, overlooking a minor difference in the gain, the nozzle can be chosen to be a shock free one with the ultimate optical uniformity. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting UK industrial production over the business cycle
Authors: Simpson Paul W. , Osborn Denise R. , Sensier Marianne 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper examines the information available through leading indicators for modelling and forecasting the UK quarterly index of production. Both linear and non‐linear specifications are examined, with the latter being of the Markov‐switching type as used in many recent business cycle applications. The Markov‐switching models perform relatively poorly in forecasting the 1990s production recession, but a three‐indicator linear specification does well. The leading indicator variables in this latter model include a short‐term interest rate, the stock market dividend yield and the optimism balance from the quarterly CBI survey. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive models of unknown or infinite lag order
Authors: Kim Jae H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent studies on bootstrap prediction intervals for autoregressive (AR) model provide simulation findings when the lag order is known. In practical applications, however, the AR lag order is unknown or can even be infinite. This paper is concerned with prediction intervals for AR models of unknown or infinite lag order. Akaike's information criterion is used to estimate (approximate) the unknown (infinite) AR lag order. Small‐sample properties of bootstrap and asymptotic prediction intervals are compared under both normal and non‐normal innovations. Bootstrap prediction intervals are constructed based on the percentile and percentile‐tmethods, using the standard bootstrap as well as the bootstrap‐after‐bootstrap. It is found that bootstrap‐after‐bootstrap prediction intervals show small‐sample properties substantially better than other alternatives, especially when the sample size is small and the model has a unit root or near‐unit root. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allelic loss and gain, but not genomic instability, as the major somatic mutation in primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhao Yan , Liu Xiaoming , Wang Lu , Wu Chungen , Zhang Weiling , Liu Wanqing , Zhang Pingping , Cong Wenming , Zhu Yuanrong , Zhang Lisheng , Chen Saijuan , Wan Dafang , Zhao Xintai , Huang Wei , Gu Jianren 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTo identify genetic abnormalities in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed microsatellite analysis (MSA) on 60 Chinese HCC specimens. Utilizing a semi‐quantitative MSA and 292 highly polymorphic markers spanning all 22 autosomes, we found that somatic allelic imbalance (AI) occurred frequently in HCC. To evaluate the nature of the AI, comparative genomic hybridization was performed on 20 HCC specimens. The combined use of these two methods revealed frequent allelic loss on 17p, 9p21–p23, 4q, 16q21–q23.3, 13q, 8p21–p23, and 6q24–q27, whereas there was frequent allelic gain on 1q, 17q, and 8q24. The region with the highest incidence of genomic imbalance was 17p13 (65%), followed by 9p21–p23 (55%), 4q (35–51%), 16q21–q23.3 (52%), 17p12 (49%), 13q (39–46%), 8p21–p23 (41–45%), 8q24 (41%), and 1q32 (40%). In addition, aberrations of 19p13.3, 16p13.3, 13q33–q34, 9q13–31, and 7q were reported for the first time. The presence of a close correlation of 17p13 deletion with abnormalities of some other loci implies that 17p13 could play a crucial role in oncogenesis. Interestingly, microsatellite instability was rarely seen in our patients, in contrast to that observed in European HCC samples. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonrandom distribution of interspersed repeat elements in the BCR and ABL1 genes and its relation to breakpoint cluster regions
Authors: Jeffs Aaron R. , Wells Elisabeth , Morris Christine M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe Philadelphia translocation, t(9;22)(q34;q11), is the microscopically visible product of recombination between two genes, ABL1 on chromosome 9 and BCR on chromosome 22, and gives rise to a functional hybrid BCR‐ABL1 gene with demonstrated leukemogenic properties. Breakpoints in BCR occur mostly within one of two regions: a 5 kb major breakpoint cluster region (M‐Bcr) and a larger 35 kb minor breakpoint cluster region (m‐Bcr) towards the 3′ end of the first BCR intron. By contrast, breakpoints in ABL1 are reported to occur more widely across a >200 kb region which spans the large first and second introns. The mechanisms that determine preferential breakage sites in BCR, and which cause recombination between BCR and ABL1, are presently unknown. In some cases, Alu repeats have been identified at or near sequenced breakpoint sites in both genes, providing indications, albeit controversial, that they may be relevant. For the present study, we carried out a detailed analysis of genomic BCR and ABL1 sequences to identify, classify, and locate interspersed repeat sequences and to relate their distribution to precisely mapped BCR‐ABL1 recombination sites. Our findings confirm that Alu are the most abundant class of repeat in both genes, but that they occupy fewer sites than previously estimated and that they are distributed nonrandomly. r‐Scan statistics were applied to provide a measure of repeat distribution and to evaluate extremes in repeat spacing. A significant lack of Alu elements was observed across the major and minor breakpoint cluster regions of BCR and across a 25‐kb region showing a high frequency of breakage in ABL1. These findings counter the suggestion that occurrence of Alu at BCR‐ABL1 recombination sites is likely by chance because of the high density of Alu in these two genes. Instead, as yet unidentified DNA conformation or nucleotide characteristics peculiar to the preferentially recombining regions, including those Alu elements present within them, more likely influence their fragility. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and site formation at Konispol Cave, Southwest Albania
Authors: Schuldenrein Joseph 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRecent geoarchaeological investigations at Konispol Cave (Epirus), Albania concluded nearly a decade of interdisciplinary human ecological investigations. Questions of site formation, cave history, and environmental change were examined through microstratigraphic study and sedimentological analysis. Artifacts and occupation layers from Upper Paleolithic through Iron Age times were preserved in three discrete sediment complexes. Sedimentology supplemented by micromorphology isolated the principal characteristics of the sediment complexes. The chronology and site formation history was characterized sequentially by: (1) initial deposition and/or pedogenesis of basal sediment; (2) sheetflow, spring discharge, and ponding in the cavern; (3) rockfall, roof attrition, and solution weathering; (4) episodic flushing and reworking of allogenic sediment; (5) human activities; (6) autogenic reworking and diagenesis of human debris and slope sediment. The changing history of the cave is linked to regional paleoenvironmental and land use signals in Epirus and the greater Aegean from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the late Holocene. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel reporter strain to follow Cre‐mediated recombination in T and NK cells
Authors: Wurtz Olivier , Pophillat Matthieu , Schmitt‐Verhulst Anne‐Marie , Guerder Sylvie 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The Cre‐loxP system permits the generation of mouse models in which the fate of a cell can be followed through time. Such approach is of great value in immunology because it may allow lineage studies and the dissection of the contribution of specific effector T cells to long‐term memory responses or autoimmune responses. An essential component of such a strategy is the development of appropriate reporter strains of mice in which the inducible reporter molecule is not immunogenic and is well expressed at the cell surface of T cells. We describe here a novel reporter strain of mice that is designed to fulfill these criteria and show that this strain permits the monitoring of Cre‐mediated recombination in both T cells and NK cells. genesis 32:287–292, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A vestigial:scalloped TEA domain chimera rescues the wing phenotype of a scalloped mutation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Srivastava Ajay , MacKay Julie O. , Bell John B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: The development of the Drosophila wing requires both scalloped and vestigial functions. Using a fusion between full‐length Vestigial and the Scalloped TEA domain, the fusion protein can rescue scalloped wing mutations because within wing development, Scalloped and Vestigial cooperatively act as a transcription complex. Scalloped provides the necessary DNA binding function via the TEA domain and Vestigial promotes the activation of target genes. We also demonstrate that the putative nuclear localization signal contained in the TEA domain of Scalloped is likely responsible for the nuclear localization of Vestigial. The fusion protein is also capable of activating a known target gene of the native complex and thus represents a tool that will be helpful in rapidly identifying target genes of the Sd/Vg complex that are involved in wing differentiation. The functionality of the fusion suggests that only the TEA domain of Scalloped is critical for wing development and the rest of the protein (about 70%) is dispensable. This result is novel and should stimulate further studies of sd in other tissues in view of the fact that scalloped is a vital gene in Drosophila. genesis 33:40–47, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of Cephalothorax, the Tribolium ortholog of Sex combs reduced
Authors: Curtis Carmelle D. , Brisson Jennifer A. , DeCamillis Mark A. , Shippy Teresa D. , Brown Susan J. , Denell Robin E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Sex combs reduced (Scr), a Hox gene located in the Antennapedia complex of Drosophila melanogaster, is required for the proper development of the labial and first thoracic segments. The Tribolium castaneum genetically defined locus Cephalothorax (Cx) is a candidate Scr ortholog based on the location of Cx in the beetle Homeotic complex and mutant effects on the labial and first thoracic segments. To address this hypothesis, we have cloned and characterized the Tribolium ortholog of Scr (TcScr). The transcription unit is less complex and encodes a smaller protein than Scr. The predicted amino acid sequence of the Tribolium protein shares motifs with orthologous proteins from multiple species. In addition, we have analyzed the TcScr expression pattern during embryonic development. TcScr is expressed in parts of the maxillary, labial, and first thoracic segments in a pattern similar to but not identical to Scr. Furthermore, TcScr RNA interference results in a phenocopy of the Cephalothorax (Cx) mutant phenotype in which the labial palps are transformed into antennae and the head and first thoracic segment are fused. All of the available results indicate that Cx is the Tribolium ortholog of Scr. genesis 30:12–20, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiomyopathy in mice with paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 12
Authors: Villar A.J. , Carlson E.J. , Gillespie A.M. , Ursell P.C. , Epstein C.J 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSummary: Mice inheriting both copies of MMU12 either maternally or paternally demonstrate imprinting effects. Whereas maternal uniparental disomy 12 (matUPD12) fetuses are growth retarded and die perinatally, paternal UPD12 (patUPD12) fetuses die during late gestation and exhibit placentomegaly and skeletal muscle maturation defects. To examine further the developmental consequences of UPD12, we intercrossed mouse stocks heterozygous for Robertsonian translocation chromosomes (8.12) and (10.12). We report that at 13.5–14.5 dg patUPD12 hearts exhibit increased ventricular diameter, thinner, less compact myocardium, and deep intertrabecular recesses when compared to controls. These data provide evidence for cardiac failure, a lethal condition, and suggest a role for an imprinted gene(s) in normal heart development. genesis 30:274–279, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characteristics of genetic markers and maps for cost‐effective genome screens using diallelic markers
Authors: Goddard Katrina A.B. , Wijsman Ellen M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractNew technologies for genotyping diallelic markers (SNPs) were recently developed that may be lower in cost, and more easily automated than microsatellite markers (STRPs). The reduction in genotyping costs resulting from such automation may significantly impact the overall cost of studies of complex traits, which generally require large sample sizes. Use of multiple SNPs in linkage analysis can recapture the linkage information otherwise lost with such markers. Here we derive a measure of the multilocus polymorphic information content (MPIC) in the context of linkage analysis for a cluster of SNPs, and we explore the characteristics of uniform vs. clustered SNP maps, relative to STRP maps. Issues addressed in comparing the map structures include the information content for clustered or single markers, and map accuracy. To be cost‐effective, SNPs should have a common allele frequency between 0.5–0.75. No more than five loci per cluster are needed. Some linkage disequilibrium between loci in a cluster is tolerable. In the ideal case, a uniformly spaced SNP map is more cost‐effective than one composed of clustered loci. However, the genotyping cost per marker for diallelic markers can be at most 60% of the genotyping cost per marker for STRPs. The consequences of using clustered vs. uniform SNP maps are considered in the context of map inaccuracy and use of multipoint vs. pairwise linkage analysis. Overall, when marker information, map accuracy, and flexibility of analysis are jointly considered, an optimal solution may be use of maps with 2–3 SNPs per cluster. Genet. Epidemiol. 22:205–220, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allele sharing and allelic association I: Sib pair tests with increased power
Authors: Lazzeroni Laura C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAffected sib pair data contain information about allele sharing and allelic association. Either of these features can point to the presence of a risk‐related gene. This study introduces the elliptical sib pair test, a generalization of traditional sib pair tests. The proposed test can be implemented using any of three strategies, the choice of which depends on the anticipated combination of sharing and association. The elliptical sib pair test can achieve substantial gains in power relative to traditional tests for likely alternative hypotheses at little or no cost for other alternatives. The proposed test is valid under most models of genetic risk, disease etiology, and genotype‐haplotype distributions. This study also provides new insight into the trade‐off between tests of allelic association and tests of allele sharing. Genet. Epidemiol. 22:328–344, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining trait locus position from multipoint analysis: Accuracy and power of three different statistics
Authors: Greenberg David A. , Abreu Paula C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPrevious work using two‐point linkage analysis showed that performing a lod score (LOD) analysis twice, once assuming dominant and once assuming recessive inheritance, and then taking the larger of the two values (designated MMLS) usually has more power to detect linkage than any other method tested. Using computer simulation for a variety of complex inheritance models, we demonstrated power for the MMLS comparable with analysis assuming the true model. However, reports in the literature suggested that the MMLS approach might fail to detect linkage using multipoint analysis due to genetic model misspecification. Here, we tested the robustness of the MMLS approach under multipoint analysis. We simulated data under complex inheritance models, including heterogeneity, epistatic, and additive models. We examined the expected maximum LOD, LOD assuming heterogeneity (HLOD), and nonparametric linkage statistics and the corresponding estimated position in a chromosomal interval of 10 markers with 10% recombination between markers. The mean estimates of position were generally good for all three statistics except when heterogeneity existed, where the LOD and the NPL did not perform as well as the HLOD. The MMLS approach was as robust using multipoint as using two‐point linkage analysis. LOD and/or the HLOD generally had more power to detect linkage than NPL across a variety of generating models, even after correcting for the multiple tests. For finding linkage to one locus of several contributing to disease expression, assuming the dominant and recessive models with reduced penetrance is a good approximation of the mode of inheritance at that locus. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:299–314, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.