bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined effects of habitat fragmentation and life history traits on specialisation in lichen symbioses
Authors: Berlinches de Gea Alejandro , Verdú Miguel , Villar‐dePablo Mar , Pérez‐Ortega Sergio 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Interactions between organisms are determined by life‐history traits. Ecological strategies regarding species specialisation range from generalist to highly specialised relationships. Although it is expected that habitat fragmentation's effect on species abundance and survival depends on their degree of specialisation and life‐history traits, few studies have delved into the interplay between interaction specialisation, life‐history traits and habitat fragmentation.

Here, we investigate the combined effect of habitat fragmentation, forest structure and life‐history traits (growth form and reproductive mode) on the specialisation of lichen‐forming fungi (mycobionts) toward their photosynthetic partners (photobionts) in lichen symbioses.

We studied mycobiont specialisation in epiphytic lichen communities present in 10 fragments of Quercus rotundifolia forest embedded in an agricultural matrix. Both mycobionts and photobionts were identified DNA barcoding and mycobiont specialisation was measured through interaction parameters calculating the relative number of interactions (normalised degree; ND) and the specialisation of each species based on its discrimination from a random selection of partners (d'). Phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models were used to analyse the effect of patch size as well as the life history traits growth form (crustose, foliose, fruticose) and reproduction mode (sexual vs. asexual) on mycobiont specialisation.

Both mycobiont and photobiont richness along the patch size gradient followed a hump‐back pattern, which was more pronounced in photobionts. Mycobionts forming crustose thalli established the largest number of interactions. Mycobiont specialisation (d') was larger for fruticose and foliose forms and species with vegetative reproduction. Along the gradient of fragment size, the relative number of interactions decreased and the specialisation of mycobionts with vegetative reproduction increased.

Synthesis. The study of mycobiont specialisation towards their photobionts in epiphytic lichen communities in a fragmented Mediterranean forest revealed a complex interaction between species' life history traits and habitat fragmentation. In particular, this interplay had a significant impact on the specialisation of mycobionts. The results show the ability of some species to modulate their specialisation according to habitat conditions, suggesting that some species may be more resilient to abiotic changes than expected.
Limited theoretical and empirical evidence that response diversity determines the resilience of ecosystems to environmental change
Authors: Ross Samuel R. P.‐J. , Sasaki Takehiro 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResponse diversity describes the variation in species' ecological responses to environmental change, where higher response diversity represents a greater variety of species–environment responses. The concept complements the insurance hypothesis that biodiversity increases and stabilizes ecosystem functions because population declines of one species with environmental change are compensated for by opposing responses of others. Accordingly, response diversity is a promising, but still largely untested, candidate mechanism explaining the generally positive relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem stability across a range of systems. In the 10 years since, Mori et al. (2013, Biological Reviews, 88, 349–364) reviewed the relationship between response diversity and ecological resilience (a key dimension of stability), the topic has garnered significant attention. Their review has attracted over 600 citations to date and continues to be well cited. However, in a recent review of empirical work on response diversity, we found fewer than 50 studies empirically measuring what the authors called response diversity. Here we discuss possible reasons for the slow uptake of empirical response diversity research, including lack of standardized methods and heavy data requirements, as well as next steps to achieve a robust framework for empirical research on response diversity and stability, such as by leveraging new methods and coordinating research efforts through interdisciplinarity. By identifying a disconnect between interest in response diversity and theoretical and empirical work on the topic, we hope this article will shed light on the challenges studies of response diversity must overcome, in turn catalyzing new avenues of research on response diversity, ecological stability, and ecosystem functioning.
Public sector innovation for sustainable development goals: A comparative study of innovation types in Thailand and Korea
Authors: Suchitwarasan Chutima , Cinar Emre , Simms Chris , Kim Jae‐Yeon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to compare the focus (strategy, capacity, and operation) and locus (internal and external) of innovation types of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)‐oriented public sector innovation (PSI) in Thailand and Korea and to contribute to the limited understanding of the role of national context in PSI. Our study analysed 263 SDGs‐oriented innovations based on the new typology proposed by Chen et al. The findings identified that the orientation of SDGs‐oriented PSI is more external and policy innovation is the most common type in both countries. These distributions, however, vary depending on the contextual differences in administrative and technological contexts, resulting in SDGs‐oriented PSI in Korea emphasised on strategy focus, whereas Thailand emphasised capacity focus. This also demonstrates a temporality between strategy, capacity, and operations foci in Korea, but Thailand attempted to fill the capacity gap through SDGs‐oriented innovation. Insights from this empirical study can assist public managers in selecting innovation portfolio configurations applicable to their national context.Points for practitioners
In executing public sector innovation, public sector organisations (PSOs) should consider the innovation focus (strategy, capacity, and operation) and the innovation locus (internal and external).
For SDGs‐oriented innovation, mission and policy innovation should introduce the necessary strategies in the public services before capacity and operation focus.
Public managers and practitioners should adopt an innovation portfolio approach to develop and introduce a variety of innovation types.
Public managers should consider their national context to select the configuration of their innovation portfolios.
Stratigraphy, palaeogeography and evolution of the lower Nanaimo Group (Cretaceous), Georgia Basin, Canada
Authors: Girotto Kristian , Dashtgard Shahin E. , Huang Chuqiao , MacEachern James A. , Gibson H. Daniel , Cathyl‐Huhn Gwyneth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe Cretaceous lower Nanaimo Group in the Georgia Basin, Canada comprises multiple depositional phases with distinct depocentres that accumulated in a tectonically active forearc basin setting. Basal coarse‐clastic strata are preserved in paleotopographic depressions and grade upwards into coal‐bearing coastal plains and shallow‐marine deposits. Coal‐bearing and shallow‐marine strata grade laterally into and are overlain by, regionally extensive mudstones and turbidites deposited in deep water. A glauconitic sandstone bed within the deep‐water strata is interpreted as a condensed section and underlies a major disconformity that developed during a pause in the deposition of the lower Nanaimo Group. A second major coarse‐clastic succession occurs hundreds of metres above the glauconite bed in the central Georgia Basin and comprises conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and coal deposited in continental depositional environments. The shift in sedimentation from the northern Georgia Basin to the central Georgia Basin is interpreted to record the emergence of an island (Nanoose Uplift) in the central Georgia Basin that acted as a major sediment source to the adjacent depocentres. The stratigraphic break between the coal‐bearing coarse‐clastic strata in the northern Georgia Basin and the significantly younger coal‐bearing coarse‐clastic strata in the central Georgia Basin indicates that the lower Nanaimo Group was deposited in distinct depocentres. Between the older, coarse‐clastic strata in the north and younger, coarse‐clastic strata in the central Georgia Basin, we hypothesize that a major deepwater canyon system (Qualicum Canyon) existed and transferred sediment from the semi‐restricted Georgia Basin to the Pacific Ocean to the west. Development of the Qualicum Canyon and exposure of the Nanoose Uplift during deposition of the younger, central coarse‐clastic strata suggests that syntectonic activity drove basin uplift and erosion and this occurred throughout the deposition of the lower Nanaimo Group.
“Fighting the invisible system”: A grounded theory study of the experiences of child protection social workers in England
Authors: Brazil Charlie , Nolte Lizette , Rishworth Barbara , Littlechild Brian 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis article reports on an exploration of social workers' perspectives on the social policy and agency processes that shape their experiences of working in child protection services. A qualitative constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed, and 17 qualified social workers and managers were recruited. Social workers described working within an oppressive system, balancing unrealistic demands placed on them, and struggling to restore balance and hope. They shared how this filtered into the work they do with families and the role that relationality and peer support has in surviving the work.
When young people age out of care: Foster care in a life course and network perspective
Authors: Oterholm Inger , Höjer Ingrid 
Published: November 2023

AbstractResearch highlights the importance of supportive relations for young people leaving care. Foster carers give an important contribution to such support. However, there is less knowledge about foster carers' views about the relational contact after the young person has aged out of care. This article explores foster carers' perspectives building on interviews with foster carers from both Norway and Sweden about their views on relational continuity. Life course and network theory are used as theoretical lenses to understand the opportunities and challenges for further contact both with cares and extended foster family. Findings suggest that foster carers have a lifelong perspective, still the relationship can be uncertain and some result in breaks. Viewed from a life course perspective, the relationships can also be renewed, and foster carers and other members of the foster family seem to be important sources of support for young people with a care background.
Evaluation of route choice for walking commutes to school and street space optimization in old urban areas of China based on a child‐friendly orientation: The case of the Wuyi Park area in Zhengzhou
Authors: Haotian Han , Jing Huang , Xinfeng Jia , Jiantao Zhang , Jianwei Guo 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWalking to school promotes the health of school‐aged children. The safety and comfort of the walking environment are lacking in China due to the prioritization of motorized traffic. This paper focuses on the choice of walking routes for school‐aged children commuting in old urban areas of China. A walking route choice model is constructed by combining a weighted Voronoi diagram and the closest facility analysis in ArcMap. The walking route choices of school‐aged children from home to school and the flows along routes are analysed. Based on the model results, targeted design suggestions for updating existing street spaces are proposed.
MET overexpression in ovarian cancer via CD24‐induced downregulation of miR‐181a: A signalling for cellular quiescence‐like state and chemoresistance in ovarian CSCs
Authors: Kwon Ji Eun , Jang Yeonsue , Yun Bo Seong , Kang Suki , Kim Yon Hee , Kim Baek Gil , Cho Nam Hoon 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIncreased expression of CD24 and MET, markers for cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs), are each associated with ovarian cancer severity. However, whether CD24 and MET are co‐expressed in ovarian CSCs and, if so, how they are related to CSC phenotype manifestation remains unknown. Our immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the co‐expression of CD24 and MET was associated with poorer patient survival in ovarian cancer than those without. In addition, analyses using KM plotter and ROC plotter presented that the overexpression of CD24 or MET in ovarian cancer patients was associated with resistance to platinum‐based chemotherapy. In our miRNA transcriptome and putative target genes analyses, miR‐181a was downregulated in CD24‐high ovarian cancer cells compared to CD24‐low and predicted to bind to CD24 and MET 3'UTRs. In OV90 and SK‐OV‐3 cells, CD24 downregulated miR‐181a expression by Src‐mediated YY1 activation, leading to increased expression of MET. And, CD24 or MET knockdown or miR‐181a overexpression inhibited the manifestation of CSC phenotypes, cellular quiescence‐like state and chemoresistance, in OV90 and SK‐OV‐3 cells: increased colony formation, decreased G0/G1 phase cell population and increased sensitivity to Cisplatin and Carboplatin. Our findings suggest that CD24‐miR‐181a‐MET may consist of a signalling route for ovarian CSCs, therefore being a combinatory set of markers and therapeutic targets for ovarian CSCs.
Bridging bytes and biopsies: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT and histopathologists in pathology diagnosis and collaborative potential
Authors: Oon Ming Liang , Syn Nicholas L , Tan Char Loo , Tan Kong‐Bing , Ng Siok‐Bian 
Published: November 2023

Background and aimsChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot developed by the OpenAI research laboratory which is capable of analysing human input and generating human‐like responses. Early research into the potential application of ChatGPT in healthcare has focused mainly on clinical and administrative functions. The diagnostic ability and utility of ChatGPT in histopathology is not well defined. We benchmarked the performance of ChatGPT against pathologists in diagnostic histopathology, and evaluated the collaborative potential between pathologists and ChatGPT to deliver more accurate diagnoses.Methods and resultsIn Part 1 of the study, pathologists and ChatGPT were subjected to a series of questions encompassing common diagnostic conundrums in histopathology. For Part 2, pathologists reviewed a series of challenging virtual slides and provided their diagnoses before and after consultation with ChatGPT. We found that ChatGPT performed worse than pathologists in reaching the correct diagnosis. Consultation with ChatGPT provided limited help and information generated from ChatGPT is dependent on the prompts provided by the pathologists and is not always correct. Finally, we surveyed pathologists who rated the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT poorly, but found it useful as an advanced search engine.ConclusionsThe use of ChatGPT4 as a diagnostic tool in histopathology is limited by its inherent shortcomings. Judicious evaluation of the information and histopathology diagnosis generated from ChatGPT4 is essential and cannot replace the acuity and judgement of a pathologist. However, future advances in generative AI may expand its role in the field of histopathology.
Probiotic Bacillus spp. enhance TLR3‐mediated TNF signalling in macrophages
Authors: Winther Katrine Damgaard , Boll Erik Juncker , Sandvang Dorthe , Williams Andrew R. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractProbiotics have been reported to have immunomodulatory properties in the context of infectious disease and inflammation, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we aimed to determine how different probiotic bacterial strains modulated macrophage function during TLR3 stimulation mimicking viral infection. We screened 14 different strains for their ability to modulate TNF‐α, IL‐6 IL‐10, IFN‐α, IFN‐β and IFN‐γ secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages with or without poly(I:C) stimulation. Seven strains were selected for further analysis using primary porcine alveolar macrophages. In‐depth transcriptomic analysis on alveolar macrophages was conducted for two strains. Most strains induced a synergistic effect when co‐incubated with poly(I:C) resulting in increased levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α secretion from RAW 264.7 cells. This synergistic effect was found to be TLR2 independent. Only strains of Bacillus spp. could induce this effect in alveolar macrophages. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the increased TNF‐α secretion in alveolar macrophages after co‐incubation with poly(I:C) correlated with significant upregulation of TNF and IL23A‐related pathways. Collectively, our data show that probiotic bacteria possess strain‐dependent immunomodulatory properties that may be harnessed to enhance innate immune responses to pathogens.
Real‐world reported adverse events related to systemic immunomodulating therapy in patients with atopic dermatitis: Results from the TREAT NL (TREatment of ATopic eczema, the Netherlands) registry
Authors: Musters A. H. , van Lookeren F. L. , van der Gang L. F. , Middelkamp‐Hup M. A. , Bosma A. L. , Jessurun N. T. , Lapeere H. , Nguyen A. L. , Ouwerkerk W. , de Schepper S. , Gerbens L. A. A. , Spuls P. I. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the (long‐term) safety of systemic immunomodulating therapies in atopic dermatitis (AD) generated by real‐world data is sparse.ObjectivesTo describe real‐world reported adverse drug reactions (AEs) related to systemic immunomodulating therapy in patients with AD and to compare the incidence rates of AEs with the Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPCs).MethodsWe conducted an observational prospective multi‐centre cohort study, using the TREAT NL registry. All severe AEs, AEs of special interest and serious AEs in adult and paediatric patients on systemic immunomodulating treatment (ciclosporin, methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolic acid, dupilumab, tralokinumab, baricitinib and upadacitinib) were assessed. Incidences rates of all (potentially) drug‐related AEs were standardized in patient years and compared to the cumulative incidences in the associated SmPCs.ResultsWe collected 422 patient years of safety data from 266 patients, of whom 129 (48.5%) reported a total of 224 (potentially) drug‐related AEs. Compared to dupilumab's SmPC, higher incidence rates were found for four AEs (reported ≥5 times): eosinophilia, blepharitis, dry eyes and head and neck erythema (i.e. dupilumab facial redness). A higher incidence rate of fatigue was found in patients on oral methotrexate in our cohort compared to the SmPC. Two new drug‐related AEs (reported ≥5 times) were found in patients on dupilumab, including non‐infectious conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction.ConclusionsReal‐world reported AEs captured in AD patient registries can add information on the estimated incidence of AEs and benefit clinical decision aids. Future studies using data derived from the TREAT NL registry combined with data from other registries within the TREAT Registry Taskforce will provide more information on (rare) AEs associated with immunomodulating therapy in AD patients.
Cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein as a cause of psoriasis: Results from bidirectional Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhou Qiujun , Jin Xiaoliang , Li Hui , Wang Qionglin , Tao Maocan , Wang Jinhui , Cao Yi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an inflammatory disease that affects many people. However, the causal effect of lipid metabolism on psoriasis has not yet been verified. This study aimed to identify the genetic relationship between serum lipid levels and psoriasis.MethodsBidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyse the causal relationship between cholesterol and psoriasis. The outcome of the forward causality test was psoriasis. In the analysis of reverse causality, psoriasis was exposed, and 79 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were detected in the genome‐wide association study (GWASs) database from the IEU GWASs Project. MR‐Egger regression, inverse variance‐weighted, weighted median, weighted mode and simple mode were used for the MR analyses.ResultsThe level of triglyceride, lipase member N, chylomicrons, extremely large very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, cholesterol esters in large HDL, cholesterol esters in medium HDL and cholesterol esters in medium VLDL have not affected the development of psoriasis. However, total cholesterol, total free cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, cholesterol esters in large VLDL and cholesterol esters in medium LDL were unidirectional causal effects on psoriasis.ConclusionBidirectional two‐sample MR analysis indicated that high levels of total cholesterol, total free cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, cholesterol esters in large VLDL and cholesterol esters in medium LDL are genetic risk factors for psoriasis.
Factors and presenting symptoms associated with intestinal spirochaetosis in men who have sex with men: A systematic review
Authors: Rabuszko Lucy , Chessell Callum , Llewellyn Carrie , Richardson Daniel 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe transmission dynamics and presenting symptoms of intestinal spirochaetosis (Brachyspira pilosicoli, Brachyspira aalborgi) are poorly understood but is seen more frequently in men who have sex with men (MSM) where sexual transmission may occur. We aimed to systemically review the literature to define the factors and presenting symptoms associated with intestinal spirochaetosis in MSM. We systematically searched three bibliographical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus) for manuscripts written in English up to November 2022. The primary author conducted an initial screen and three authors conducted independent reviews to determine the final eligible manuscripts. We only included manuscripts where there were specific data on factors and presenting symptoms associated with intestinal spirochaetosis in MSM. Fifteen manuscripts published between 1981 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria that included 188 MSM. Sexually transmitted intestinal spirochaetosis in MSM was associated with—living with HIV (including having a low CD4 count <200 mm3), having a concomitant sexually transmitted infection, a history of a sexually transmitted infection, co‐infection with intestinal parasites; and sexual behaviour including oro‐anal sexual contact, oro‐genital contact, fisting, condom‐less anal sex, receptive anal sex, multiple non‐regular sexual partners and increased number of lifetime sexual partners. The presenting symptoms of MSM with intestinal spirochaetosis were diarrhoea, abdominal pain, constitutional symptoms and proctitis, including rectal pain, rectal bleeding rectal discharge, flatulence and tenesmus. We have highlighted some biological and behavioural factors and presenting symptoms associated with intestinal spirochaetosis in MSM which provide insight for clinicians, guidelines and future public health control strategies.