bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence rates for oral leukoplakia and lichen planus in a Japanese population
Authors: Nagao Toru , Ikeda Noriaki , Fukano Hideo , Hashimoto Shuji , Shimozato Kazuo , Warnakulasuriya Saman 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Data on the incidence rates of potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity in different populations is meagre. This is the first study to report on the age‐specific incidence of oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus from an industrialized country.Methods:  Annual screening for oral cancer and pre‐cancer was undertaken in Municipal Health Centres in Tokoname city, Japan from 1995 to 1998. A total of 9536 volunteers aged 40–95 years participated in this programme. A cohort of 6340 (67%) subjects attended annual mouth examinations following a negative screen result at entry, allowing 13 072 person‐years of observations. Some associated risk factors (tobacco and alcohol misuse) and health‐related variables were also evaluated.Results:  Over a 4‐year follow‐up period, 18 new oral leukoplakias (all homogenous; 11 idiopathic and seven tobacco‐associated) and 24 oral lichen planus (22 reticular, one erythematous and one ulcerative) were detected at screening and confirmed by re‐examination at specialist units. The age‐adjusted incidence rate for leukoplakia was 409.2 (95% CI: 90.6–727.9) in male and 70.0 (95% CI: 17.9–121.8) in female per 100 000 person‐years observations. For lichen planus, the corresponding rates were 59.7 (95% CI: 7.4–112.1) and 188.0 (95% CI: 96.0–280.1). The age‐adjusted incidence rate for tobacco‐associated leukoplakia in males was almost 12 times compared with female (560.3 vs. 45.2 per 100 000). Age‐specific incidence rates for oral leukoplakia varied by age groups. New oral leukoplakias were more prevalent on gingival/alveolar ridge (33.3%) than in other oral sites, and lichen planus at buccal site (33.3%). Prevalence of smoking habits among those positive for leukoplakia (38.9%) was higher compared with the screen‐negatives (26.4%) but these differences did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.232). Regular drinking was not related to occurrence of either oral leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. In cases with diabetes mellitus, relative risk for oral lichen planus adjusted by logistic regression was 6.4 (95% CI: 2.4–17.6), suggesting an association.Conclusions:  The reported incidence rates for oral leukoplakia in this Japanese population are somewhat higher to those reported from India, the risk habits of the two groups being markedly different. The reported rates for oral leukoplakia and lichen planus allow estimation of service needs in specialist oral medicine clinics and for the training of primary care dentists. A high incidence of idiopathic leukoplakia found in this study raises challenges to the strategy of screening high‐risk populations aimed at conserving resources.
Detection of mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling molecules in ameloblastomas
Authors: Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Ooya Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2005

Background:  To investigate the roles of the apoptosis signaling pathway mediated by mitochondria in oncogenesis and cytodifferentiation of odontogenic tumors, expression of pathway signaling molecules was analyzed in ameloblastomas as well as in tooth germs.Methods:  Tissue specimens of 12 tooth germs, 41 benign ameloblastomas, and five malignant ameloblastomas were examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of cytochrome c, apoptotic protease‐activating factor‐1 (APAF‐1), caspase‐9, and apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF).Results:  The mRNA expression of APAF‐1, caspase‐9, and AIF was detected in all samples of normal and neoplastic odontogenic tissues. Immunohistochemical reactivity for cytochrome c, APAF‐1, caspase‐9, and AIF was detected in both normal and neoplastic odontogenic tissues. Expression of cytochrome c and AIF was evident in odontogenic epithelial cells neighboring the basement membrane, and APAF‐1 and caspase‐9 were detected in most odontogenic epithelial cells. Immunoreactivity for cytochrome c in tooth germs was slightly weaker than that in benign and malignant ameloblastomas. Keratinizing cells in acanthomatous ameloblastomas and granular cells in granular cell ameloblastomas showed a decrease or loss of immunoreactivity for these mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis signaling molecules. Expression of AIF was obviously low in ameloblastic carcinomas.Conclusion:  Expression of cytochrome c, APAF‐1, caspase‐9, and AIF in tooth germs and ameloblastomas suggests that the mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway has a role in apoptotic cell death of normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelium. Expression of these mitochondrial apoptosis signaling molecules might be involved in oncogenesis, cytodifferentiation, and malignant transformation of odontogenic epithelium.
Peripheral odontogenic tumor: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases. General features and hamartomatous lesions
Authors: Ide F. , Obara K. , Mishima K. , Saito I. , Horie N. , Shimoyama T. , Kusama K. 
Published: September 2005

Background:  Peripheral odontogenic tumors (POT), either neoplastic or hamartomatous, are rare. This study briefly summarizes the general features of POT and selectively reviews the histomorphologic spectrum of under‐recognized hamartomatous lesions that we have designated peripheral odontogenic hamartomas (POH) in order to shed more light into the pathogenesis of POT.Methods:  Archival material accessioned at our institutions between 1970 and 2004 was systematically searched to identify examples of POT/POH.Results:  Among 39 660 biopsies, we retrieved 25 cases of ‘classical’ POT and five cases of ‘unique’ POH. Odontogenic fibroma and ameloblastoma were by far the most common. Of POH, two purely epithelial lesions showed multiple strands of basaloid rests [odontogenic gingival epithelial hamartoma (OGEH)] and a conglomerate of polyhedral epithelium, ghost cells and concentric calcifications (calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor‐like hamartoma), respectively. OGEH and peripheral squamous odontogenic tumor (PSOT) deserve to be a related entity. In two types of mixed POH, ectomesenchymal elements appeared juxtaposed to the squamous lining (gingival cyst‐like organoid hamartoma) and ghost cells aggregated in the enamel organ of a microdont (peripheral odontoma). None of POH exhibited continuity with the surface epithelium.Conclusion:  On the basis of this relatively limited series of cases, POH, to conceptualize a unified histogenetic source, are speculated to arise from the soft‐tissue remnants of dental lamina. Gingival rests of Serres seem to retain the ability to pursue epithelial–ectomesenchymal interactions that are necessary leading to odontoma formation.
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Concentrations in Infertile Women Achieved Pregnancy Following IVF‐ET
Authors: Shibahara Hiroaki , Suzuki Tatsuya , Ayustawati  , Kikuchi Kumiko , Hirano Yuki , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: August 2005

ProblemMatrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) play important roles throughout various stages of pregnancy, including embryo implantation, trophoblastic invasion, placentation in early gestation, and cervical dilatation in later gestation, and feto‐maternal membrane lysis. It would be beneficial if assessment of serum concentrations of MMP and TIMP could predict successful implantation following in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). This study was performed to compare serum MMP and TIMP concentrations between patients with and without the establishment of pregnancy following ET.Method of studyTen patients who conceived and 10 patients who did not after IVF‐ET were entered in the present study. Only intra‐uterine single pregnancies with uneventful courses to term were included in the study subjects. Blood samples were obtained at 7, 14 and 21 days after oocyte retrieval. Serum concentrations of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, and TIMP‐1 were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. These variables were compared with estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and βhCG levels in the patients’ sera. Clinical pregnancies were diagnosed only when fetal heartbeat was visualized on ultrasound.ResultsThere were no significant differences in serum MMP concentrations between the pregnant group and the non‐pregnant group. However, serum TIMP‐1 concentrations on Days 14 and 21 in the pregnant group were significantly higher than those in non‐pregnant group [Day 14: 223.1 ± 11.9 versus 177.5 ± 20.6 ng/mL (P = 0.004); Day 21: 215.4 ± 27.8 versus 181.5 ± 27.4 ng/mL (P = 0.03)]. Serum TIMP‐1 concentrations were also correlated with serum E2 and P4 levels (P < 0.0001), but not with those of the MMPs. None of MMP nor TIMP‐1 were correlated with serum βhCG level.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that the patients who successfully conceived after IVF‐ET showed significantly higher levels of TIMP‐1 at 14 and 21 days after IVF‐ET, but not at day 7; further work will be required to determine if serum TIMP‐1 can be used to improve prediction of pregnancy outcome in these patients.
Concentration of Adiponectin in Peritoneal Fluid is Decreased in Women with Endometriosis
Authors: Takemura Yuri , Osuga Yutaka , Harada Miyuki , Hirata Tetsuya , Koga Kaori , Yoshino Osamu , Hirota Yasushi , Morimoto Chieko , Yano Tetsu , Taketani Yuji 
Published: August 2005

ProblemAdiponectin is a novel adipocytokine of extreme importance for the metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that adiponectin suppresses inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis, which are central pathogenic factors for endometriosis. We addressed the possibility that adiponectin is implicated in endometriosis.Method of studyWe measured concentrations of adiponectin in peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with (n = 54) or without (n = 26) endometriosis using specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAdiponectin concentrations in PF of women with endometriosis were significantly lower than those of women without endometriosis. With respect to the stages of the disease, the concentrations of adiponectin in women with stage III/IV endometriosis were significantly lower compared to those in women without endometriosis and with stage I/II endometriosis. Body mass index were comparable among the groups.ConclusionsThese findings imply that adiponectin may be an anti‐endometriotic factor, possibly due to its anti‐inflammatory, anti‐angiogenic, and anti‐fibrotic properties.
Immunity, Inflammation and Infection in Post‐partum Breast and Formula Feeders
Authors: Groer Maureen Wimberly , Davis Mitzi W. , Smith Kathlene , Casey Karyn , Kramer Valerie , Bukovsky Eva 
Published: August 2005

ProblemLittle is known about immunological recovery in post‐partum women and if lactational status affects immunocompetence. Many physiological changes occur, such as uterine involution and recovery of non‐pregnant immune status. These changes may also affect susceptibility to disease.MethodThe study compared immune and inflammatory activation markers (serum cytokines, Epstein Barr viral antibody titer, neopterin, c‐reactive protein (CRP), lymphocyte subset percentages, ex vivo cytokine production, lymphocyte proliferation, salivary Immunoglubulin A (sIgA) in exclusively breastfeeding (EB) and exclusively formula feeding (EF) women at 4–6 weeks post‐partum, and control (C) women.ResultsEBs had higher ratios of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ)/interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) than EFs, and post‐partums were higher than Cs. Both IFN‐γ and IL‐10 were significantly higher in post‐partums compared to controls. Post‐partums also had higher proinflammatory cytokines, CRP and neopterin, salivary IgA and fewer infection symptoms. There were also differences in lymphocyte subsets.ConclusionsThe post‐partum period is oriented towards heightened and activated innate and specific immune defenses, with breastfeeding providing a boost in these phenomena.
Immunological Characterization of Superantigen‐induced Intrauterine Fetal and Newborn Death
Authors: Takei Eriko , Tamauchi Hidekazu , Maruyama Hiroko , Nakanishi Kuniaki , Ishikawa Masakazu , Unno Nobuya , Habu Sonoko 
Published: August 2005

ProblemThe present study characterizes the immunological responses induced by superantigen and the underlying pathological mechanism using T‐cell receptor‐transgenic mice (TCR‐Tg) to enable the ligand toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1) to induce a cytokine storm.Method of studyThree kinds of pregnant mice which could respond to TSST‐1 at various levels were injected with TSST‐1 on gestation day 17.5 and then the incidence of fetal/newborn death, production of cytokines including serum interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) and the histological status of the placenta were examined on day 18.5.ResultsThe incidence of fetal/newborn death and the concentrations of cytokines such as IL‐2 were higher in TCR‐Tg mother than those in other strains of mice. Pathological examinations revealed that the placenta was congestive and apoptotic in TCR‐Tg mice.ConclusionsSuperantigen injection into pregnant mice appears to increase the incidence of fetal/newborn death through an IL‐2‐dependent immunological pathway.
Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: Multiple Perspectives of Discharge Readiness
Authors: Turrell Sheri L. , Davis Ron , Graham Heather , Weiss Iris 
Published: September 2005

PROBLEM:  Little is known about the conditions that must be in place to help adolescent patients and their families gain the confidence needed to continue recovery at home, following the adolescents’ hospitalization for anorexia nervosa.METHODS:  Beliefs about discharge readiness were obtained through an open‐ended questionnaire following the patients’ first weekend pass home from an in‐patient unit. The perceptions of patients, parents, and registered nurses were obtained using parallel versions of a questionnaire.FINDINGS:  An examination of the responses revealed four themes; medical stability, education, psychological changes, and community resource planning, that were common to all respondents, as well as themes specific to adolescents and to nurses.CONCLUSIONS:  The findings suggest that each group of respondents has unique discharge readiness needs and that registered nurses have an important role to play in helping patients and families make the transition home as successful as possible. Implications for nursing practice are highlighted.
EFFECT OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE ON THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF SOLUTE FROM SUGAR BEET TISSUE PRETREATED BY A PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: EL‐BELGHITI KAMAL , RABHI ZIED , VOROBIEV EUGENE 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT In this article, the centrifugal aqueous extraction of solute from sugar beet tissue is investigated at ambient temperature after a pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment. Two kinds of samples of fresh sugar beet were used: a sample with a determined discoid shape and gratings. Both samples were pretreated by a PEF with 250 rectangular pulses of 100 µS each. The PEF intensity was fixed at 940 V/cm for the disk samples and 670 V/cm for gratings. The pretreated samples were placed in distilled water at ambient temperature with a water‐to‐solid ratio equal to 3 and subjected to different centrifugal accelerations. The centrifugal field significantly enhanced the kinetics of extraction from the electrically pretreated tissues of sugar beet. However, the increase of centrifugal acceleration was only effective up to a certain value (5430 × g for disk samples and 600 × g for gratings). The centrifugal extraction can be assumed to proceed in two stages: a first rapid washing followed by a slow diffusion stage. A two‐exponential kinetics model taking into account these two stages was applied and correctly described the centrifugal extraction from beet samples (disks and gratings).
A Multiscale Investigation of Ground Water Flow at Clear Lake, Iowa
Authors: Simpkins William W. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractGround water flow was investigated at Clear Lake, a 1468‐ha glacial lake in north‐central Iowa, as part of a comprehensive water quality study. A multiscale approach, consisting of seepage meters (and a potentiomanometer), Darcy's law, and an analytic element (AE) model, was used to estimate ground water inflow to and outflow from the lake. Estimates from the three methods disagreed. Seepage meters recorded a median‐specific discharge of 0.25 μm/s, which produced a lake inflow rate between 90,750 and 138,200 m3/d, but no detectable outflow. A wave‐induced Bernoulli effect probably compromised both inflow and outflow measurements. Darcy's law was applied to 11 zones around the lake, producing inflow and outflow values of 10,500 and 5000 m3/d, respectively. The AE model, GFLOW, coupled with the parameter estimation model, UCODE, simulated ground water flow in a 700‐km2 region using 31 hydraulic head and base flow measurements as calibration targets. The model produced ground water inflow and outflow rates of 14,300 and 9200 m3/d, respectively. Although not a substitute for field data, the model's ability to simulate ground water flow to the lake and the region, estimate uncertainty for model parameters, and calculate a lake stage and associated lake water balance makes it a powerful tool for water quality management and an attractive alternative to the traditional methods of ground water/lake investigation.
Amino Acid Residues in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Glycoprotein Critical for Its Incorporation into Virions
Authors: Song Chisu , Micoli Keith , Bauerova Helena , Pichova Iva , Hunter Eric 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Assembly of an infectious retrovirus requires the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein complex during the process of particle budding. We have recently demonstrated that amino acid substitutions of a tyrosine residue in the cytoplasmic domain block glycoprotein incorporation into budding Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) particles and abrogate infectivity (C. Song, S. R. Dubay, and E. Hunter, J. Virol. 77:5192-5200, 2003). To investigate the contribution of other amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain to the process of glycoprotein incorporation, we introduced alanine-scanning mutations into this region of the transmembrane protein. The effects of the mutations on glycoprotein biosynthesis and function, as well as on virus infectivity, have been examined. Mutation of two cytoplasmic residues, valine 20 and histidine 21, inhibits viral protease-mediated cleavage of the cytoplasmic domain that is observed during virion maturation, but the mutant virions show only moderately reduced infectivity. We also demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of the M-PMV contains three amino acid residues that are absolutely essential for incorporation of glycoprotein into virions. In addition to the previously identified tyrosine at residue 22, an isoleucine at position 18 and a leucine at position 25 each mediate the process of incorporation and efficient release of virions. While isoleucine 18 may be involved in direct interactions with immature capsids, antibody uptake studies showed that leucine 25 and tyrosine 22 are part of an efficient internalization signal in the cytoplasmic domain of the M-PMV glycoprotein. These results demonstrate that the cytoplasmic domain of M-PMV Env, in part through its YXXL-mediated endocytosis and intracellular trafficking signals, plays a critical role in the incorporation of glycoprotein into virions.
Differential Restriction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac by TRIM5α Alleles
Authors: Ylinen Laura M. J. , Keckesova Zuzana , Wilson Sam J. , Ranasinghe Srinika , Towers Greg J. 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT
Primate lentiviruses have narrow host ranges, due in part to their sensitivities to mammalian intracellular antiviral factors such as APOBEC3G and TRIM5α. Despite the protection provided by this innate immune system, retroviruses are able to transfer between species where they can cause disease. This is true for sooty mangabey simian immunodeficiency virus, which has transferred to humans as HIV-2 and to rhesus macaques as SIVmac, where it causes AIDS. Here we examine the sensitivities of the closely related HIV-2 and SIVmac to restriction by TRIM5α. We show that rhesus TRIM5α can restrict HIV-2 but not the closely related SIVmac. SIVmac has not completely escaped TRIM5α, as shown by its sensitivity to distantly related TRIM5α from the New World squirrel monkey. Squirrel monkey TRIM5α blocks SIVmac infection after DNA synthesis and is not saturable with restriction-sensitive virus-like particles. We map the determinant for TRIM5α sensitivity to the structure in the capsid protein that recruits CypA into HIV-1 virions. We also make an SIV, mutated at this site, which bypasses restriction in all cells tested.
Mutagenesis Analysis of the rGTP-Specific Binding Site of Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
Authors: Cai Zhaohui , Yi MinKyung , Zhang Chen , Luo Guangxiang 
Published: September 2005

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is the virus-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) essential for HCV RNA replication. An earlier crystallographic study identified a rGTP-specific binding site lying at the surface between the thumb domain and the fingertip about 30 Å away from the active site of the HCV RdRp (S. Bressanelli, L. Tomei, F. A. Rey, and R. De Francesco, J. Virol
76:
3482-3492, 2002). To determine its physiological importance, we performed a systematic mutagenesis analysis of the rGTP-specific binding pocket by amino acid substitutions. Effects of mutations of the rGTP-specific binding site on enzymatic activity were determined by an in vitro RdRp assay, while effects of mutations on HCV RNA replication were examined by cell colony formation, as well as by transient replication of subgenomic HCV RNAs. Results derived from these studies demonstrate that amino acid substitutions of the rGTP-specific binding pocket did not significantly affect the in vitro RdRp activity of purified recombinant NS5B proteins, as measured by their abilities to synthesize RNA on an RNA template containing the 3′ untranslated region of HCV negative-strand RNA. However, most mutations of the rGTP-specific binding site either impaired or completely ablated the ability of subgenomic HCV RNAs to induce cell colony formation. Likewise, these mutations caused either reduction in or lethality to transient replication of the human immunodeficiency virus Tat-expressing HCV replicon RNAs in the cell. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the rGTP-specific binding site of the HCV NS5B is not required for in vitro RdRp activity but is important for HCV RNA replication in vivo.