bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic drug monitoring of vedolizumab therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Steenholdt Casper , Lorentsen Ruben Due , Petersen Pernille Nørgaard , Widigson Ella SK , Kloft Charlotte , Klaasen Rolf Anton , Brynskov Jørn 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic drug monitoring is effective for optimizing anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapies in inflammatory bowel disease, but for vedolizumab, a gut‐selective leucocyte migration inhibitor, data are scarce.MethodsObservational cohort study including 116 bio‐experienced inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with vedolizumab for active luminal disease. Biobanked trough blood samples (n = 676) covering 96% of patients were analyzed using a drug‐binding immunofluorometric assay. Steroid‐free treatment outcomes were classified by clinical disease activity indices and objective findings, primarily endoscopy.ResultsPatients with clinical remission to vedolizumab induction therapy (37%) had significantly higher trough levels than those without at weeks 6 (mean 34.1 vs 28.0 μg/mL, P = 0.03) and 10 (34.8 vs 27.5 μg/mL, P = 0.01). Optimal thresholds for discrimination were 32.4 μg/mL (AUCROC 0.66, P = 0.04) and 23.5 (AUCROC 0.67, P = 0.01), respectively. This positive association persisted during maintenance phase with 11.9 μg/mL (AUCROC 0.69, P < 0.01) associated with clinical remission (37%) and 15.3 (AUCROC 0.74, P < 0.001) for objective remission (46%). Stratification by temporal evolution of treatment effects revealed higher induction and maintenance vedolizumab levels in persistent and slow responders as compared to secondary or persistent failures. Pharmacokinetics was influenced by rare formation of anti‐vedolizumab antibodies (2%), and to a lesser extent gender and albumin during induction, but not disease severity, concomitant steroids, or thiopurine metabolites. Switching to subcutaneous administrations resulted in 2.3‐fold increase in steady‐state trough levels.ConclusionOur study supports maintaining adequate drug exposure being essential for sustained positive outcomes of vedolizumab and emphasizes individualized, therapeutic drug monitoring‐based treatment regimens. Controlled trials and pharmacokinetic modeling are, however, needed.
What are the barriers and facilitators to advance care planning with older people in long‐term care facilities? A qualitative study
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Wang Ariel , Braybrook Debbie , Ellis‐Smith Clare , Feng Haixia , Gong Ni , Zhou Zhi , Harding Richard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the views and preferences for advance care planning from the perspectives of residents, family members and healthcare professionals in long‐term care facilities.DesignA qualitative descriptive design.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with 12 residents of long‐term care facilities, 10 family members and 14 healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The social ecological model was used to develop implementation recommendations.ResultsWe constructed a conceptual model of barriers and facilitators to advance care planning in long‐term care facilities, drawing upon four dominant themes from the qualitative analysis: (1) The absence of discourse on end‐of‐life care: a lack of cultural climate to talk about death, the unspoken agreement to avoid conversations about death, and poor awareness of palliative care may hinder advance care planning initiation; (2) Relational decision‐making process is a dual factor affecting advance care planning engagement; (3) Low trust and ‘unsafe’ cultures: a lack of honest information sharing, risks of violating social expectations and damaging social relationships, and risks of legal consequences may hinder willingness to engage in advance care planning; (4) Meeting and respecting residents' psychosocial needs: these can be addressed by readiness assessment, initiating advance care planning in an informal and equal manner and involving social workers.ConclusionOur findings show that residents' voices were not being heard. It is necessary to identify residents' spontaneous conversation triggers, articulate the value of advance care planning in light of the family's values and preferences, and respect residents' psychosocial needs to promote advance care planning in long‐term care facilities. Advance care planning may alleviate the decision‐making burden of offspring in nuclear families.Implications for clinical practiceThe evidence‐based recommendations in this study will inform the implementation of context‐specific advance care planning in Asia‐Pacific regions.Patient and Public ContributionPatients and caregivers contributed to the interview pilot and data collection.
Prevalence of the use of oral nutritional supplements among acute inpatients at risk of malnutrition and associated patient characteristics
Authors: Papier Irena , Chermesh Irit , Mashiach Tanya , Gruenwald Ilan , Banasiewicz Tomasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo provide a snapshot of the current use of oral nutritional supplements, its association with inpatient characteristics, and with a focus on the role of nursing monitoring of food intake and implementing nutritional interventions for patients with low intake.DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe study collected data from a hospital database regarding oral nutritional supplement initiation and variables of patients hospitalised in internal medicine departments, who did not receive enteral or parenteral nutrition.ResultsOf the 5155 admissions, 1087 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (47% female; mean age, 72.4 ± 14.6 years; mean length of stay, 14.6 ± 11.4 days). Sufficient food intake reporting was noted in 74.6% of the patients; of these 17% had decreased intake. Oral nutritional supplements and non‐oral nutritional supplements groups did not differ in terms of sex, age, length of stay, Charlson Comorbidity Index, proportion of nursing reports, and absence of intake monitoring. Oral nutritional supplements were initiated in 31.9% of patients with a Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 and in 34.6% with decreased food intake. On multivariable analysis, hypoalbuminemia (adjusted odds ratio, 3.70), decreased food intake (adjusted odds ratio, 3.38), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.10), and age <70 years (adjusted odds ratio, 1.56) were significantly associated with oral nutritional supplements use.ConclusionThe prevalence of oral nutritional intervention was suboptimal in patients at risk of malnutrition during acute hospitalisation, although decreased food intake and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥2 independently increased the probability of oral nutritional supplements initiation.Relevance in clinical practiceUnderstanding the clinical practice and nursing impact of care management in relation to nutritional intervention can assist in reviewing and improving patient care.Implications for the profession and/or patient care Impact (Addressing)This study informs clinical management and influences nursing practice standards related to assessing, monitoring, and managing malnutrition risk.ImpactThe study impacts the quality of care for patients at risk of malnutrition.Reporting MethodWe adhered to the STROBE Checklist for cohort studies.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Seasonal acclimation of energy and water balance in desert‐dwelling rodents of South America
Authors: Cavieres G. , Bozinovic F. , Coronel‐Montigel M. , Dacar M. A. , Sassi P. L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSeasonal changes in environmental conditions may induce reversible physiological adjustments in organisms. We studied the acclimatization for multiple stressors in energy expenditure and water balance in Galea leucoblephara, a diurnal hystricognath rodent native to South America that experiences significant changes in temperature, precipitation, and food availability among seasons. We conducted a field study in the Monte Desert of Mendoza, Argentina, where we evaluated adult individuals' physiological status during two contrasting seasons in terms of climate and primary productivity. Reduced temperature, rainfall, and primary productivity during winter were associated with a decrease of 70% in basal metabolic rate (BMR), 30% in total evaporative water loss (TEWL), and 9% in body mass (Mb). In contrast, higher water availability, high temperature, and primary productivity during summer, induced significant increases in energy expenditure and evaporative water loss. As expected, the proportion of dietary items consumed by G. leucoblephara varied seasonally, resulting in a more diverse diet during summer. Our results illustrate how G. leucoblephara can cope with high seasonal contrasts in water availability, temperature, and food availability by modifying its physiological performance. Our data provide support for the hypothesis of physiological flexibility in energetic traits and water balance in response to the environmental challenges of the Monte Desert.
Nursing workforce plays a significant role in reducing COVID‐19 deaths worldwide: A cross‐sectional analysis of data from 178 countries
Authors: You Wenpeng , Donnelly Frank 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWorldwide, the role of nursing workforce in reducing COVID‐19 case fatality ratio (CFR) is analyzed with scatter plots, Pearson's r and nonparametric, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models. The potential confounders, median age, health expenditure, physician density, and urbanization were incorporated for calculating the independent role of nursing workforce in protecting against COVID‐19 CFR. The study findings suggested that (1) the nursing workforce inversely and significantly correlates with COVID‐19 CFR; (2) this relationship remained independent of the confounding effects of each individual confounder or their combination; (3) Nursing workforce was the only variable identified as a significant contributor for reducing COVID‐19 CFR, when it was incorporated into stepwise regression model with health expenditure, median age, physician density, and urbanization for analyzing their individual predicting effects on COVID‐19 CFR. A strong message for the health authorities is that, although in shortage, nursing workforce showed their significant role in reducing COVID‐19 deaths worldwide. This study highlights that the role of nursing workforce should be incorporated into population health research.
Ethical considerations for the nursing care of Transgender patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Gilmore John P. , Dainton Marissa , McEvoy Natalie L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThere is more discussion than ever surrounding the health and care needs of Transgender communities. However, there is limited research on the care of Transgender patients in the Intensive Care Unit which can contribute to knowledge gaps, inconsistencies and uncertainties surrounding health care practices. This article is not intended to address all of the specific needs of Transgender patients in ICU, but to explore the ethical considerations for caring for a Transgender woman in the ICU. In doing so, this article will explore some specific considerations around gender affirming care, challenging discrimination, physiological changes, and systems change to enhance care.
Digital device viewing behaviour in children
Authors: Richards Josh , Jaskulski Matt , Rickert Martin , Kollbaum Pete 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionHabitual viewing behaviour is widely believed to be an important contributing factor to the onset and progression of myopia and may be task dependent. The purpose of this study was to quantify the habitual viewing distance of children performing five different tasks on a smartphone digital device.MethodsThe real‐time viewing distance in 38 children with their habitual correction was measured using software (MyopiaApp) on a handheld (Google Pixel 3) device. Five tasks were performed in a randomised sequence: playing a game, watching video in a light (680 lux) and dark (5.5 lux) environment and reading small (8 pt) and large (16 pt) text. ANCOVA statistical analysis was used to evaluate the effect of task, group (myope vs. non‐myope) and arm length on the median relative viewing distance.ResultsArm length was not correlated with viewing distance in any of the tasks, and there was no significant difference in viewing distance between any of the tasks. Specifically, a two‐way mixed ANCOVA indicated that task, refractive group (myopic vs. non‐myopic), age and arm length, as well as all two‐way interactions were not significantly associated with viewing distance. Overall, 60% of the total variance in viewing distance was accounted for by individual differences.ConclusionsThe average handheld viewing distance was similar across a variety of everyday tasks in a representative sample of myopic and emmetropic children. Neither arm length, age nor refractive group were associated with viewing distance in any of the tasks. Importantly, myopic children of a given size did not hold the smartphone digital device at a different distance for any task than their equally sized non‐myopic peers. However, both groups exhibited high inter‐individual variability in mean viewing distance, indicating some subjects performed all tasks at further distances while other subjects used at nearer distances.
A rapid and scalable approach to build synthetic repetitive hormone‐responsive promoters
Authors: Fernandez‐Moreno Josefina‐Patricia , Yaschenko Anna E. , Neubauer Matthew , Marchi Alex J. , Zhao Chengsong , Ascencio‐Ibanez José T. , Alonso Jose M. , Stepanova Anna N. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAdvancement of DNA‐synthesis technologies has greatly facilitated the development of synthetic biology tools. However, high‐complexity DNA sequences containing tandems of short repeats are still notoriously difficult to produce synthetically, with commercial DNA synthesis companies usually rejecting orders that exceed specific sequence complexity thresholds. To overcome this limitation, we developed a simple, single‐tube reaction method that enables the generation of DNA sequences containing multiple repetitive elements. Our strategy involves commercial synthesis and PCR amplification of padded sequences that contain the repeats of interest, along with random intervening sequence stuffers that include type IIS restriction enzyme sites. GoldenBraid molecular cloning technology is then employed to remove the stuffers, rejoin the repeats together in a predefined order, and subclone the tandem(s) in a vector using a single‐tube digestion–ligation reaction. In our hands, this new approach is much simpler, more versatile and efficient than previously developed solutions to this problem. As a proof of concept, two different phytohormone‐responsive, synthetic, repetitive proximal promoters were generated and tested in planta in the context of transcriptional reporters. Analysis of transgenic lines carrying the synthetic ethylene‐responsive promoter 10x2EBS‐S10 fused to the GUS reporter gene uncovered several developmentally regulated ethylene response maxima, indicating the utility of this reporter for monitoring the involvement of ethylene in a variety of physiologically relevant processes. These encouraging results suggest that this reporter system can be leveraged to investigate the ethylene response to biotic and abiotic factors with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Integrated full‐length transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the defence response of melon to gummy stem blight
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Wei Xiaoying , Mo Changjuan , Wei Minghua , Li Yaqiong , Fan Yuxin , Gu Xiaojing , Zhang Xuejun , Zhang Yongbing , Kong Qiusheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGummy stem blight (GSB), a widespread disease causing great loss to cucurbit production, has become a major threat to melon cultivation. However, the melon–GSB interaction remains largely unknown. Here, full‐length transcriptome and widely targeted metabolome were used to investigate the defence responses of resistant (PI511089) and susceptible (Payzawat) melon accessions to GSB pathogen infection at 24 h. The biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and MAPK signalling pathway were specifically enriched for differentially expressed genes in PI511890, while carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were specifically enriched in Payzawat. More than 1000 novel genes were identified and MAPK signalling pathway was specifically enriched for them in PI511890. There were 11 793 alternative splicing events involving in the defence response to GSB. Totally, 910 metabolites were identified in Payzawat and PI511890, and flavonoids were the dominant metabolites. Integrated full‐length transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed eriodictyol and oxalic acid were the potential marker metabolites for GSB resistance in melon. Moreover, posttranscription regulation was widely involved in the defence response of melon to GSB pathogen infection. These results not only improve our understanding on the interaction between melon and GSB, but also facilitate the genetic improvement of melon with GSB resistance.
Regulation timing in the states: The role of divided government and legislative recess
Authors: Bark Tracey , Bell Elizabeth , Ter‐Mkrtchyan Ani 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBureaucratic rulemaking is a key feature of American policymaking. However, rulemaking activities do not occur uniformly, but fluctuate throughout the year. We consider three mechanisms to explain these changes in rule volume, each of which produces unique expectations for rulemaking during periods of divided government and legislative recess. To test these expectations, we leverage an original dataset including all rules proposed by bureaucratic agencies in three U.S. states from 2004 to 2013 matched with data tracking periods of divided government and legislative recess. We find that state bureaucracies publish significantly more proposed rules during periods of divided government or a split legislature and are most productive in the months immediately following legislative recess. These results underscore the importance of bureaucratic policymaking and improve our understanding of the balance of power between branches of state governments.
Project Safe Guard: Challenges and opportunities of a universal rollout of peer‐delivered lethal means safety counseling at a US military installation
Authors: Stanley Ian H. , Anestis Michael D. , Bryan Craig J. , Moceri‐Brooks Jayna , Baker Justin C. , Buck‐Atkinson Jessica , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Johnson Megan , Hunter Kyleanne , Johnson Rachel L. , Xiao Mengli , Betz Marian E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe US Department of Defense recommends lethal means safety counseling (LMSC) to promote firearm injury prevention via secure storage of personal firearms. We describe the rollout of a universal, peer‐delivered adaptation of Project Safe Guard (PSG)—a brief, single‐session LMSC discussion—at a US Space Force installation.MethodProgram evaluation data were collected via anonymous, voluntary, and online surveys. Of approximately 862 eligible active‐duty service members and embedded civilians, 324 completed the preprogram survey and 68 and 37 completed the 1‐ and 2‐month follow‐ups, respectively.ResultsAt preprogram, 69.1% agreed that peer‐delivered LMSC is appropriate. After rollout, 100% of the 222 firearm locking devices available to service members were requested from the on‐base Violence Prevention Integrator. The effectiveness of PSG was indeterminable due to the low survey response rates.ConclusionsDespite strong preprogram support for peer‐delivered LMSC and behavioral indicators of secure firearm storage (e.g., firearm locking device requests), several challenges limited the uptake and evaluability of the PSG program in this naturalistic environment, including military survey fatigue and competing mission priorities. Additional work is needed to determine the effectiveness of peer‐delivered LMSC in a military context. Sustained base support and military‐civilian collaborations will be critical.
The Virtual Hope Box mobile application: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Gerner Jessica L. , Tucker Raymond P. , Moscardini Emma H. , Bagge Courtney L. , Reger Mark A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Virtual Hope Box (VHB) mobile application is an adapted version of the conventional hope box intervention that is used in several evidence‐based treatments for suicide behaviors. The VHB is an award‐winning app developed by a collaboration between the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs. Multiple studies have assessed the utility and effectiveness of the VHB for use in suicide prevention, but no reviews of the literature have been conducted.MethodsAuthors performed a review of the literature using PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, and PubMed. 15 articles were ultimately included.ResultsResults were categorized into three areas: (1) efficacy and effectiveness, (2) feasibility, awareness, and usage in high‐risk populations, and (3) implementation approaches to increase use among patients and providers. Existing evidence for the VHB supports its feasibility and acceptability, especially among military and veteran populations. Only one study investigated effectiveness in a randomized control trial. Although the VHB developers have disseminated the app nationally, low adoption rates among veteran patients and VA providers remain. Studies found that educational implementation strategies can improve utilization rates.ConclusionsFuture research should examine suicide behaviors as outcomes, approaches to incorporating the VHB into treatment, and a range of populations.
Sistematización teórica, dogmática y normativa de la noción de acceso a la justicia para consumidores en relación con el uso los online dispute resolution en el comercio electrónico
Authors: Martínez-Cárdenas Betty , Buendía Paloma , Ojeda Nicolás 
Published: February 2024

Los objetivos de este artículo son, primero, revisar los alcances teóricos y debates referidos al “acceso a la justicia”, para plantear un concepto de derecho a la autocomposición del conflicto para los consumidores; y, segundo, sistematizar los estándares que dotan de contenido normativo al derecho fundamental al acceso a la justicia de los consumidores en el marco del derecho internacional privado y el derecho comparado en los reglamentos que establecen principios para el uso de Online Dispute Resolution, ODR, y en los cuerpos legislativos vigentes sobre la materia. Para ello, con la ayuda del método de derecho comparado, hemos analizado los instrumentos internacionales que tratan de estandarizar los principios que deberían regir estas plataformas para el comercio internacional y, en particular, para el comercio electrónico. El estudio concluye con algunas recomendaciones para la integración de estos principios en cualquier legislación nacional que considere hacerlo.