bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiogram of uropathogens and associated risk factors among asymptomatic female college students in Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Reda Berhanu Kebede , Molla Genet , Gedefie Alemu , Gebretsadik Daniel , Tilahun Mihret , Belete Melaku Ashagrie , Shibabaw Agumas 
Published: November 2023

Background
Asymptomatic urinary tract infection (asymptomatic bacteriuria and asymptomatic candiduria) may not be routinely detected in sexually active non-pregnant female population at the initial and reversible stages. This is mainly due to the fact that most women may not feel compelled to seek medical attention.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, and factors associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), and antibiogram of the uropathogen isolates among asymptomatic female college students.

Methods
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at selected colleges in Dessie from January 2021–March 2021. A total of 422 reproductive age (15 to 49 years) non-pregnant female students were included. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics data were collected using structured questionnaires. Ten mLs of freshly voided mid-stream urine specimen was collected, transported and processed according to the standard operating procedures. Data were coded and entered for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22.0. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and p-values <0.05 with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered statistically significant.

Result
The overall prevalence of UTI was 24.6%. The prevalence of asymptomatic UTI bacteriuria and candiduria was 57 (13.5%) and 47 (11.1%), respectively. The predominant uropathogens were Staphylococcus saprophyticus 24 (23.1%), followed by Candida tropicalis 23 (22.1%), Candida albican 10 (9.6%), Candida krusei 9 (8.7%) and Escherichia coli 8 (7.7%). Gram negative bacterial isolates showed a higher level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 24 (92.3%). Gram positive bacterial uropathogens showed high level of resistance to penicillin 28 (96.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 23 (79.3%). Gram positive bacterial isolates were sensitive to norfloxacin, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin, accounting for 24 (82.7%), 20 (69.0%), and 19 (65.5%), respectively. Multidrug resistance was seen in 50 (87.7%) of bacterial uropathogens. Factors identified for acquisition of UTI were frequency of sexual intercourse (≥3 per week) (AOR = 7.91, 95% CI: (2.92, 21.42), and genital area washing habit (during defecation (AOR = 5.91, 95%CI: (1.86, 18.81) and every morning (AOR = 6.13, 95%CI: (1.60, 23.45)).

Conclusion
A significant prevalence of uropathogens, and high resistance of bacterial isolates to the commonly prescribed drugs were detected. Therefore, routine UTI screening, regular health education on the risk of asymptomatic infectious diseases for reproductive age group females, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be practiced to avoid the progression of an asymptomatic infection into a symptomatic UTI.
Comparison of vaginal microbiota between women with inflammatory bowel disease and healthy controls
Authors: Bar Ofri , Sudhof Leanna S. , Yockey Laura J. , Bergerat Agnes , Moriel Nadav , Andrews Elizabeth , Ananthakrishnan Ashwin N. , Xavier Ramnik J. , Yassour Moran , Mitchell Caroline M. 
Published: November 2023

Background
The gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are perturbed in both composition and function. The vaginal microbiome and its role in the reproductive health of women with inflammatory bowel disease is less well described.

Objective
We aim to compare the vaginal microbiota of women with inflammatory bowel disease to healthy controls.

Methods
Women with inflammatory bowel disease enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study provided self-collected vaginal swabs. Healthy controls underwent provider-collected vaginal swabs at routine gynecologic exams. All participants completed surveys on health history, vulvovaginal symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms, if applicable. Microbiota were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Associations between patient characteristics and microbial community composition were evaluated by PERMANOVA and Principal Components Analysis. Lactobacillus dominance of the microbial community was compared between groups using chi-square and Poisson regression.

Results
The cohort included 54 women with inflammatory bowel disease (25 Ulcerative colitis, 25 Crohn’s Disease) and 26 controls. A majority, 72 (90%) were White; 17 (31%) with inflammatory bowel disease and 7 (27%) controls were postmenopausal. The composition of the vaginal microbiota did not vary significantly by diagnosis or severity of inflammatory bowel disease but did vary by menopausal status (p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in Shannon Diversity Index between healthy controls and women with IBD in premenopausal participants. There was no difference in proportion of Lactobacillus dominance according to diagnosis in premenopausal participants. A subgroup of postmenopausal women with Ulcerative colitis showed a significant higher alpha diversity and a lack of Lactobacillus dominance in the vaginal microbiome.

Conclusions
Menopausal status had a larger impact on vaginal microbial communities than inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis or severity.
Reliability of maximal respiratory nasal pressure tests in healthy young adults
Authors: de Lima Jackson C. C , Resqueti Vanessa R. , Marcelino Ana Aline , da Fonsêca Jéssica Danielle M. , Paz Ana Lista , Dias Fernando A. Lavezzo , Otto-Yañez Matias , Fregonezi Guilherme A. F. 
Published: November 2023

Introduction
Sniff nasal inspiratory (SNIP) and expiratory pressure (SNEP) may complement the assessment of respiratory muscle strength. Thus, specifying their reliability is relevant to improving the clinical consistency of both tests.

Objective
To assess the reliability of SNIP and SNEP in healthy young adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included self-reported healthy aged 18 to 29 years. SNIP was performed using a plug to occlude one nostril, while SNEP was conducted using a facemask. Participants performed 20 SNIP and SNEP maneuvers with 30-second intervals in between. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum detectable change (MDC) assessed the reliability of SNIP and SNEP. Analyses were conducted between the highest peak pressure and the first reproducible maneuver in men and women.

Results
The total sample comprised 32 participants: 16 men and 16 women. The ICC, SEM, and MDC for SNIP maneuvers were 0.994 (95%CI 0.988 to 0.997), 1.820 cmH2O, and 5.043 cmH2O, respectively. For SNEP, these parameters were 0.950 (95%CI 0.897 to 0.976), 6.03 cmH2O, and 16.716 cmH2O. The SNIP and SNEP in men showed ICC of 0.992 (95%CI 0.977 to 0.997) and 0.877 (95%CI 0.648 to 0.957), SEM of 2.07 and 7.66 cmH2O, and MDC of 5.74 and 21.23 cmH2O. In women, SNIP and SNEP presented ICC of 0.992 (95%CI 0.977 to 0.997) and 0.957 (95%CI 0.878 to 0.985), SEM of 1.15 and 6.11 cmH2O, and MDC of 3.19 and 16.95 cmH2O. Also, 60% of the highest SNIPs occurred among the 11th and 20th maneuvers in men and women. In men, 55% of the highest SNEPs occurred among the 11th and 20th maneuvers; this value was 50% in women.

Conclusion
SNIP and SNEP showed excellent reliability. The reliability of SNIP and SNEP in men was good and excellent, respectively, whereas both tests had excellent reliability in women. Also, women reached the highest peak pressure faster than men in both tests.
Diet-derived antioxidants and osteoporosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Haitao , Chen Lanlan , Yuan Chaofeng , Yang Hongqun , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Zuo Jianlin 
Published: November 2023

Background
Antioxidants can prevent osteoporosis, but the association between serum antioxidants and the cause of osteoporosis remains unknown. We aimed to utilize Mendelian randomization (MR) to determine whether genetically predicted serum levels of diet-derived antioxidants can affect the risk of osteoporosis, to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of antioxidants.

Methods
Genetic variants associated with diet-derived antioxidants were selected from the genome-wide association studies. A total of 12,946 osteoporosis cases and 506,624 healthy controls were obtained from UK Biobank (UKB) and Genetic Factors of Osteoporosis (GEFOS) consortia. We implemented a two-sample MR design and performed several sensitivity analyses to evaluate the causal relationship.

Results
In UKB, the genetically predicted higher β-carotene (OR = 0.863, p = 7.37 × 10−6, power = 100%) and γ-tocopherol (OR = 0.701, p = 0.021, power = 5%) had an inverse relationship with osteoporosis. However, only the association of serum β-carotene passed FDR correction. In GEFOS, there were no significant diet-derived antioxidants. The direction of the association of β-carotene with osteoporosis (OR = 0.844, p = 0.106, power = 87%) was consistent with that in the UKB dataset. A fixed-effects meta-analysis confirmed that β-carotene (OR = 0.862, p = 2.21 × 10−6) and γ-tocopherol (OR = 0.701, p = 2.31 × 10−2) could decrease the risk of osteoporosis. To reduce exclusion limit bias, we used total body bone mineral density, lumbar spine bone mineral density and femoral neck bone mineral density as surrogates and found that the genetically elevated circulating β-carotene level could increase total body BMD (beta = 0.043, p-value = 8.26 x 10−5, power = 100%), lumbar spine BMD (beta = 0.226, p-value = 0.001, power = 100%) and femoral neck BMD(beta = 0.118, p-value = 0.016, power = 100%).

Conclusions
We observed that genetically predicted serum β-carotene could elevate BMD and prevent osteoporosis.
Factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test in Lifelines
Authors: Sidorenkov Grigory , Vonk Judith M. , Grzegorczyk Marco , Cortés-Ibañez Francisco O. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) can affect anyone, however, it is often mixed with other respiratory diseases. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with SARS-COV-2 positive test.

Methods
Participants from the Northern Netherlands representative of the general population were included if filled in the questionnaire about well-being between June 2020-April 2021 and were tested for SARS-COV-2. The outcome was a self-reported test as measured by polymerase chain reaction. The data were collected on age, sex, household, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, quality of life, fatigue, symptoms and medications use. Participants were matched on sex, age and the timing of their SARS-COV-2 tests maintaining a 1:4 ratio and classified into those with a positive and negative SARS-COV-2 using logistic regression. The performance of the model was compared with other machine-learning algorithms by the area under the receiving operating curve.

Results
2564 (20%) of 12786 participants had a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The factors associated with a higher risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test in multivariate logistic regression were: contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2, ≥1 household members, typical SARS-COV-2 symptoms, male gender and fatigue. The factors associated with a lower risk of SARS-COV-2 positive test were higher quality of life, inhaler use, runny nose, lower back pain, diarrhea, pain when breathing, sore throat, pain in neck, shoulder or arm, numbness or tingling, and stomach pain. The performance of the logistic models was comparable with that of random forest, support vector machine and gradient boosting machine.

Conclusions
Having a contact with someone tested positive for SARS-COV-2 and living in a household with someone else are the most important factors related to a positive SARS-COV-2 test. The loss of smell or taste is the most prominent symptom associated with a positive test. Symptoms like runny nose, pain when breathing, sore throat are more likely to be indicative of other conditions.
INTERACTION OF PECTIN WITH THE ANTIBACTERIAL DRUG NITROXOLINE
Authors: Khvan Alla Mikhaylovna , Abdurazakov Askar Sheralievich 
Published: November 2023

The process of macromolecular complexation of natural polymer pectin with nitroxoline, which has antibacterial activity, was studied in order to increase the solubility of the drug and, consequently, its therapeutic efficiency. By potentiometric titration it has been shown that in dilute aqueous solutions in a wide range of slightly acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH medium, the electrostatic binding of nitroxoline with pectin occurs. In the most optimal for medical preparations neutral region pH 7 the conversion depth of this reaction was calculated. The depth of conversion of pectin carboxyl groups ɵ1 for various studied ratios P : NOC=10 : 1, 5 : 1, 3 : 1 is 0.052, 0.076, and 0.095, respectively. The corresponding values of the conversion depth for nitroxoline ɵ2 are somewhat larger and amount to 0.52, 0.38, 0.32, respectively, for the studied ratios. That is, the calculation shows that not all reactive carboxyl groups of pectin and amino groups of the medicinal substance participate in electrostatic interaction.
By the viscometry method it has been established the decrease of the pectin solution viscosity in the presence of nitroxoline. This indicates that electrostatic bonding of the low molecular weight medicinal substance NOC leads to the hydrophobization of the pectin macromolecule.
Comparative data, obtained by the method of derivatographic analysis, indicate, that the thermal characteristics of the studied complex of nitroxoline with pectin differ from the thermal parameters of the initial components and is thermally more stable. This confirms the formation of the product of chemical interaction - the complex of pectin with NOC.
Pathogenicity of Botryodiplodia theobromae on Sandalwood Stems and Its in Vitro Inhibition by Trichoderma spp.
Authors: Wolagole Sane , Simamora Agnes Virginia , Hahuly Mayavira Veronica 
Published: November 2023

Penelitian dilaksanakan untuk menentukan patogenisitas Botryodiplodia theobromae dalam menginfeksi batang cendana dan menguji kemampuan 10 isolat Trichoderma spp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dua isolat B. theobromae secara in vitro. Uji patogenisitas dilakukan dengan menginokulasi potongan isolat B. theobromae pada batang cendana. Uji antagonis dilakukan menggunakan metode kultur ganda dengan 10 isolat Trichoderma spp. dan dua isolat B. Theobromae sebagai kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil uji patogenisitas membuktikan bahwa B. theobromae menyebabkan gejala penyakit dimulai pada hari ke 30 setelah inokulasi. Hasil uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa isolat-isolat Trichoderma spp. mampu menghambat pertumbuhan dua isolat B. theobromae melalui antibiosis dan kompetisi. Penghambatan terbaik terhadap B. theobromae Bt01 dicapai oleh T. viride TVJKS (53.20%), sedangkan penghambatan terbaik terhadap B. theobromae Bt02 dicapai oleh T. hamatum THAK (53.26%).
Rising adoption of artificial intelligence in scientific publishing: evaluating the role, risks, and ethical implications in paper drafting and review process
Authors: Carobene Anna , Padoan Andrea , Cabitza Federico , Banfi Giuseppe , Plebani Mario 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
In the rapid evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI), scientific publishing is experiencing significant transformations. AI tools, while offering unparalleled efficiencies in paper drafting and peer review, also introduce notable ethical concerns.

Content
This study delineates AI’s dual role in scientific publishing: as a co-creator in the writing and review of scientific papers and as an ethical challenge. We first explore the potential of AI as an enhancer of efficiency, efficacy, and quality in creating scientific papers. A critical assessment follows, evaluating the risks vs. rewards for researchers, especially those early in their careers, emphasizing the need to maintain a balance between AI’s capabilities and fostering independent reasoning and creativity. Subsequently, we delve into the ethical dilemmas of AI’s involvement, particularly concerning originality, plagiarism, and preserving the genuine essence of scientific discourse. The evolving dynamics further highlight an overlooked aspect: the inadequate recognition of human reviewers in the academic community. With the increasing volume of scientific literature, tangible metrics and incentives for reviewers are proposed as essential to ensure a balanced academic environment.

Summary
AI’s incorporation in scientific publishing is promising yet comes with significant ethical and operational challenges. The role of human reviewers is accentuated, ensuring authenticity in an AI-influenced environment.

Outlook
As the scientific community treads the path of AI integration, a balanced symbiosis between AI’s efficiency and human discernment is pivotal. Emphasizing human expertise, while exploit artificial intelligence responsibly, will determine the trajectory of an ethically sound and efficient AI-augmented future in scientific publishing.
Factors influencing diagnostic accuracy among intensive care unit clinicians – an observational study
Authors: Bergl Paul A. , Shukla Neehal , Shah Jatan , Khan Marium , Patel Jayshil J. , Nanchal Rahul S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnostic errors are a source of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, contextual factors influencing clinicians’ diagnostic performance have not been studied in authentic ICU settings. We sought to determine the accuracy of ICU clinicians’ diagnostic impressions and to characterize how various contextual factors, including self-reported stress levels and perceptions about the patient’s prognosis and complexity, impact diagnostic accuracy. We also explored diagnostic calibration, i.e. the balance of accuracy and confidence, among ICU clinicians.

Methods
We conducted an observational cohort study in an academic medical ICU. Between June and August 2019, we interviewed ICU clinicians during routine care about their patients’ diagnoses, their confidence, and other contextual factors. Subsequently, using adjudicated final diagnoses as the reference standard, two investigators independently rated clinicians’ diagnostic accuracy and on each patient on a given day (“patient-day”) using 5-point Likert scales. We conducted analyses using both restrictive and conservative definitions of clinicians’ accuracy based on the two reviewers’ ratings of accuracy.

Results
We reviewed clinicians’ responses for 464 unique patient-days, which included 255 total patients. Attending physicians had the greatest diagnostic accuracy (77–90 %, rated as three or higher on 5-point Likert scale) followed by the team’s primary fellow (73–88 %). Attending physician and fellows were also least affected by contextual factors. Diagnostic calibration was greatest among ICU fellows.

Conclusions
Additional studies are needed to better understand how contextual factors influence different clinicians’ diagnostic reasoning in the ICU.
Generalized Euclidean operator radius
Authors: Alomari Mohammad W. , Sababheh Mohammad , Conde Cristian , Moradi Hamid Reza 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce the f-operator radius of Hilbert space operators as a generalization of the Euclidean operator radius and the q-operator radius. The properties of the newly defined radius are discussed, emphasizing how it extends some known results in the literature.
BV capacity and perimeter in abstract Wiener spaces and applications
Authors: Liu Guiyang , Wang He , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is devoted to introducing and
investigating the bounded variation capacity and the perimeter
in the abstract Wiener space X, thereby discovering some related
inequalities. Functions of bounded variation in an abstract Wiener
space X have been studied by many scholars. As the continuation of this research, we define the corresponding BV capacity

cap
H

⁡

(
⋅
)

{\operatorname{cap}_{H}(\,\cdot\,)}

(now called abstract Wiener BV capacity) and
investigate its properties. We also investigate some properties
of sets of finite γ-perimeter, with γ being a Gaussian measure.
Subsequently, the isocapacitary inequality associated with

cap
H

⁡

(
⋅
)

{\operatorname{cap}_{H}(\,\cdot\,)}

is presented and we are able to show that it is
equivalent to the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. Finally, we
prove that every set of finite γ-perimeter in X has mean
curvature in

L
1

⁢

(
X
,
γ
)

{L^{1}(X,\gamma)}

.
The noncausal/causal alternation in Kagulu, an East Ruvu Bantu language of Tanzania
Authors: Dom Sebastian , Bar-el Leora , Kanijo Ponsiano Sawaka , Petzell Malin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper explores the formal correspondences between the members of verb pairs participating in the noncausal/causal alternation in Kagulu, a Bantu language from Tanzania. Our investigation shows that Kagulu has a predominance of equipollent verb pairs, with the anticausative and causative correspondences following close behind. We argue that, diachronically, the causative correspondence was much more prominent than it is in present-day Kagulu. However, due to morphophonological changes triggered by the historical causative suffix *-i, a significant number of verb pairs that are diachronically causative can be synchronically reanalyzed as equipollent. This study highlights the complexity of diachronic morphology in synchronic analyses of comparative-typological phenomena such as the noncausal/causal alternation, and contributes to the growing body of research on noncausal/causal verb pairs in African languages.
Preliminary data on cytotoxicity and functional group assessment of a herb–mineral combination against colorectal carcinoma cell line
Authors: Jayakumar Remya , Dash Manoj Kumar , Gulati Saumya , Pandey Akanksha , Trigun Surendra Kumar , Joshi Namrata 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The invasive screening methods and the late stage diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) are contributing for the devastative prognosis. The gradual shift of the disease pattern among younger generations requires the implementation of phytochemicals and traditional medicines. Arkeshwara rasa (AR) is a herb–mineral combination of Tamra bhasma/incinerated copper ashes and Dwigun Kajjali/mercury sulphide levigated with Calotropis procera leaf juice, Plumbago zeylanica root decoction and the decoction of three myrobalans (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellerica, Emblica Officinalis decoction)/Triphala decoction.

Methods
The SW-480 cell line was checked for the cytotoxicity and the cell viability criteria with MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) assay revealed the depth of apoptosis affected cells in the fluorescent images. The FTIR analysis exhibited the graphical spectrum of functional groups within the compound AR.

Results
The IC50 from the 10−7 to 10−3 concentrations against SW-480 cells was 40.4 μg/mL. The staining of AO/EtBr was performed to visualize live and dead cells and it is evident from the result that number of apoptotic cells increases at increasing concentration of AR. The single bond with stretch vibrations of O–H and N–H are more concentrated in the 2,500–3,200 cm−1 and 3,700–4,000 cm−1 of the spectra whereas, the finger print region carries the O–H and S=O type peaks.

Conclusions
The AR shows strong cyto-toxicity against the SW-480 cells by inducing apoptosis. It also modulates cellular metabolism with the involvement of functional groups which antagonizes the strong acids. Moreover, these effects need to be analyzed further based in the in vivo and various in vitro models.