bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Fatigue Crack Closure in Steel Under High‐Density Pulsed Current
Authors: Nakayama Shota , Sugeno Yutaro , Kambayashi Tomoto , Hosoi Atsushi , Furukawa Yuichi , Tomita Takashi , Kawada Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed at clarifying the mechanism of effectively healing fatigue cracks in steel; austenitic stainless steel, SUS304; and hot work tool steel, SKD61, using high‐density pulsed current. The results show that the current concentration occurred at the crack tip for SUS304, and crack closure was observed near the fatigue crack tip. On the other hand, crack closure was observed at the notch tip in SKD61. The fatigue crack closure phenomena were verified by finite element analysis, revealing that contact pressure was applied behind the crack tip owing to local bending deformation associated with residual stress near the crack tip. For effective crack healing, it is necessary to bond the interface leveraging compressive stress and Joule heat generated at the crack tip during current application.
Efficacy of Rifabutin‐Based Helicobacter pylori Eradication Regimen in Korea With High Prevalence of Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Kim Yuri , Lee Jeong Hoon , Na Hee Kyong , Jung Kee Wook , Ahn Ji Yong , Kim Do Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAs the antibiotic resistance and treatment failure rates of Helicobacter pylori are rising, the need for rescue therapy with rifabutin for H. pylori eradication (HPE) is also increasing. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the efficacy, resistance status, and adverse events in patients receiving rifabutin‐based HPE.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2020 and December 2022, 3006 patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with H. pylori culture tests. Of these, culture results were successfully obtained from 1792 patients, who were subsequently enrolled in our study. The medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed, and their clinical features and outcomes assessed.ResultsAmong the 1792 patients, 14 (0.8%) were rifabutin‐resistant. A total of 665 (37.1%) patients had multidrug‐resistant (MDR) H. pylori infections. Patients with rifabutin‐resistant H. pylori infections had a significantly higher rate of tuberculosis treatment history (2.8% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.001) and MDR H. pylori infections (49.6% vs. 85.7%, p < 0.001) than those in the rifabutin‐susceptible H. pylori group. Among the 45 patients who received the rifabutin‐based HPE regimen, 44 (97.8%) had MDR H. pylori infection, and 35 (77.8%) underwent rifabutin‐based HPE as a third‐line treatment or beyond. A total of 31 (68.9%) showed successful eradication. Nineteen (42.2%) patients experienced at least one symptom of adverse events; however, the severity of side effects was mild, and no patient discontinued treatment because of this.ConclusionsThe rifabutin‐based HPE regimen could be an effective and safe treatment method. It is particularly considered a viable therapeutic option for patients who require HPE but have previously failed to respond to multiple HPEs.
Improvement in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Among Adults Receiving Semaglutide: A Population‐Based Propensity‐Score‐Adjusted Analysis
Authors: Ness Asaf , Levi Zohar , Belfer Rachel Gingold , Dickman Ram , Boltin Doron 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists delay gastric emptying and are used for the treatment of diabetes (DM) and obesity. Successful treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection depends upon a precise dosing schedule. We aimed to examine the impact of GLP‐1 drugs on antibiotic treatment for H. pylori.MethodsAdults with a new diagnosis of H. pylori infection who received treatment between 2014 and 2023 were identified in the Clalit Health Services database. Subjects were divided into groups based on diagnoses of DM and obesity, and exposure to GLP‐1 drugs. A 1:2 propensity‐score matched dataset was used to determine the effect of GLP‐1 drugs on eradication success.ResultsWe identified 426 individuals who received, and 36,436 who did not receive GLP‐1 drugs. Eradication among those who did and did not receive GLP‐1 drugs was 86.6% and 83.7%, respectively (p = 0.059 across subgroups). Eradication among those who received semaglutide was 93.8% (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.32–5.83, p = 0.007). Eradication in subjects who received dulaglutide (88.6%) or liraglutide (81.4%) was not significantly changed. When applying a propensity‐score‐adjusted analysis, eradication remained significantly increased among individuals who received semaglutide (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.24–6.74, p = 0.014). Additional independent predictors of successful eradication included male sex, high socioeconomic status, quadruple therapy, and older age (p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionsCo‐administration of semaglutide and antibiotics for H. pylori infection is associated with an increased likelihood of successful eradication.
316L stainless milling behaving mechanism in enamel coatings: A strategy for mechanical and corrosion improvement
Authors: Hong Hao , Li Wensheng , Li Cuixia , Yu Lei , Zhang Ting , Qi Xiaohan , Tang Shang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo achieve corrosion resistance and mechanical robustness properties simultaneously, 316L stainless steel powder was employed as mill additives in SiO2–B2O3–Na2O–SrO slurry system enamel coating. The sintering process, gases consuming, microstructure, interface adhesion, and corrosion mechanism of the prepared enamel coatings were investigated. The results indicated that during sintering, 316L powder reduced coatings porosity by forming internal carbides through the Cr‐poor reaction of carbon‐containing gases adsorption in the pores due to its low‐carbon activity. Additionally, the powder partially dissolved into the enamel coating matrix, contributing to a significant enhancement in the coating's mechanical properties through its own ductility and toughness. Moreover, the peeling of the gel layer from the enamel coating surface was slowed in acidic environments, thereby enhancing the enamel coatings' long‐term resistance to acid corrosion.
Thermal decomposition and non‐isothermal kinetics of microcrystalline magnesite
Authors: Li Si , Sun Dan , Yin Ziyang , Wang Anxiu , Yu Canjun , Wang Yihan , Feng Runtang , Ma Chengliang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe thermal decomposition (TD) of magnesite is crucial for its high‐value applications, and understanding its reaction mechanisms requires establishing accurate kinetic models. This research investigates the TD kinetics of microcrystalline magnesite under varying heating rates (HRs) using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC) analysis. Kinetic parameters were derived using the Coats–Redfern (CR), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods. The influence of HRs on the decomposition process and the resulting MgO morphology was analyzed. The results demonstrated that as HRs increased, the decomposition and reaction rate curves shifted to higher temperatures, necessitating elevated temperatures for similar levels of decomposition. The mean activation energy () was calculated to be 162.45 kJ/mol, with a strong linear correlation between the and pre‐exponential factor, suggesting robust kinetic compensation. The TD followed a two‐dimensional phase boundary mechanism with cylindrical symmetry. “Original shape pseudomorphs” were found to significantly affect the microstructure, particle size variation, and kinetic behavior of the decomposition products. These findings provide important insights for the industrial processing of microcrystalline magnesite.
Phase formation in the CaO–Al2O3–ZnO system as an analogue to CaO–Al2O3–MgO in spinel containing refractories
Authors: Ramteke Rajat Durgesh , Hemrick James G. , Mahapatra Manoj K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, gahnite (ZnAl2O4) is gaining attraction as a potential refractory ceramic because of the similarity of its structure and properties with those of magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel refractories. Formation of MgO and hibonite solid solution (CaMgxAl12−xO19−0.5x; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.18), CAM‐I (Ca2Mg2−3xAl28+2xO46 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), and CAM‐II (CaMg2−3xAl16+2xO27, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) phases with platelet and interlocking microstructure in the CaO–Al2O3–MgO ternary system significantly enhances the high temperature mechanical properties of refractory castables. The CaO–Al2O3–ZnO ternary system has been studied, for the first time to our knowledge, in a selected compositional range with reference to the CaO–Al2O3–MgO system from 1650°C to 1700°C. The formation of ZnO and hibonite solid solution (CaZnxAl12−xO19−0.5x; 0 < x < 0.18), CAZ‐I (Ca2Zn2−3xAl28+2xO46; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), and CAZ‐II (CaZn2−3xAl16+2xO27; 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) phases with platelet and interlocking morphology have been found. The crystal structures and lattice parameters of ZnO and hibonite solid solution, CAZ‐I, and CAZ‐II are comparable, respectively, with MgO and hibonite solid solution, CAM‐I, and CAM‐II. Furthermore, CAZ‐I and CAZ‐II phases also form due to reaction between hibonite (CaO·6Al2O3) and ZnAl2O4.
Tb‐doped X–B–Al (X = Li/Na/K/Sb) magneto‐optical glass: Performance optimization and information encryption applications
Authors: Wang Jin , Zhao Xudong , Wu Dong , Lu Ping , Zhao Xiujian , Xu Yinsheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMagneto‐optical (MO) glass, which has been garnering increasing interest for its light rotation capability, often faces challenges related to valence variations, resulting in suboptimal MO performance. The composition of the glass matrix and the specifics of the melting process are crucial in determining the glass network structure and cation valence state distribution. This has led to the exploration to enhance network connectivity and introduce more Tb3+ ions to boost the MO performance. In this study, alkali metal oxides (Li2O/Na2O/K2O) were introduced to modify the glass network structure and lower melting characteristics accordingly. Particularly noteworthy is the advantage offered by K2O that lowers free electron density and melting temperature. Through meticulous control of the alkali metal oxide content and the melting temperature, a groundbreaking Verdet constant of 113.87 rad/(T m) at 650 nm for the 40T5K glass was accomplished. Furthermore, the MO glasses have been successfully applied in the encryption and decryption of one‐dimensional text and two‐dimensional images, thereby exhibiting the utility of this innovative material in information security applications.
Single‐Cell Transcriptomic Reveals the Involvement of Cell–Cell Junctions in the Early Development of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Dingchen , Lin Miao , Wang Ruobing , Huang Xiaoran , Liang Yaowen , Wang Xiran , Chen Yuge , Gao Yunfei , Guo Huiming , Liang Huiying , Li Xin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the changes in endothelial cell–cell junctions and microvascular abnormalities in the progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), as well as their potential as early biomarkers, remains unclear. Here, we analysed single‐nucleus RNA‐sequencing data from the left ventricles of 44 health donors and HCM patients. First, we observed that endothelial cell–cell junctions were significantly altered in HCM vascular endothelial cells (ECs), including tight junctions, gap junctions and adherens junctions, especially in capillary ECs. The proposed pseudo‐timing analysis predicted that endothelial cell–cell junctions abnormalities occurred in the early stages of HCM. Second, we verified that endothelial cell–cell junctions disorders occur at early stages of HCM disease progression in two time‐series single‐nucleus datasets of mice. The expression of eight cell–cell junction genes showed an initial increase in the early stage, followed by a slight decrease in the middle stage, and a sharp increase in the later stage. Subsequently, cell communication and transcription factor analysis were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, an early HCM prediction model was developed and independently validated using three mRNA datasets comprising 204 health individuals and HCM patients for the eight genes panel, the accuracy was 0.81 [0.63–0.98]. Finally, we validated this panel in HCM tissues. This study demonstrated in humans and mice that eight cell–cell junction genes were significantly elevated in the early stages of HCM and may be potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of HCM.
Anti‐Inflammatory Resveratrol Protects Mice From Early Mortality After Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Yu Wei , Sun Yimeng , Ye Xinyu , He Yu , Huang Xin , Wang Fuhao , Lu Yi , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe occurrence of inflammation subsequent to haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with an elevated risk of transplant‐related mortality (TRM). However, the duration of inflammation and the potential efficacy of anti‐inflammatory agents in reducing TRM remain uncertain. We performed a comprehensive investigation to examine the post‐transplantation alterations of inflammatory mediators and to ascertain the correlation between inflammation level and TRM through the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, ELISAs and cytometric bead array. The findings revealed that the 30‐day interval following transplantation is characterised by the most pronounced inflammatory response in both human and murine subjects, thereby elevating the risk of TRM. The inflammation is primarily caused by myeloid bias during haematopoietic reconstitution, which is a commonly overlooked aspect in clinical transplantation, additionally, a lesser extent of irradiation‐induced injury. The administration of the anti‐inflammatory agent resveratrol has the potential to reduce systemic inflammation and TRM by suppressing the NOD‐like receptor signalling pathway and slowing down granulocyte implantation in HSCT mice. This approach did not impair the differentiation potential of haematopoietic stem cells. These findings demonstrate that the 30‐day post‐transplant period represents an opportunity to facilitate HSCT colonisation, mitigate transplant‐related adverse effects, and potentially reap the benefits of anti‐inflammatory treatments.
Hidradenitis suppurativa with and without draining tunnels: A real‐world study characterizing differences in treatment and disease burden
Authors: Ingram J. R. , Marzano A. V. , Prens E. , Schneider‐Burrus S. , Warren R. B. , Keal A. , Jha R. , Hernandez Daly A. C. , Kimball A. B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, neutrophilic skin disease associated with a considerable clinical burden. In more severe disease, subepidermal draining tunnels may form.ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical profile of patients with moderate–severe HS with and without draining tunnels, and the clinical and health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) burden of draining tunnels.MethodsData were drawn from the Adelphi HS Disease Specific Programme™, a cross‐sectional survey with retrospective data collection, across the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom between November 2020 and April 2021. Patients were aged ≥10 years and had HS. Clinical outcomes, recorded by physicians, comprised patient demographics and HS characteristics, symptoms and treatment. HR‐QoL measures included patient and physician survey questions, and validated HR‐QoL instruments.ResultsOf the 580 patients with moderate–severe HS, 46% had draining tunnels. Patients with draining tunnels had more abscesses, inflammatory nodules and scarring than those without. Patients with draining tunnels were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to be treated with biologics (41% vs. 27%), but often patients with tunnels who were eligible for biologics had not received them. Patients with draining tunnels experienced significantly more inflammation/redness (73% vs. 63%), drainage from lesions (62% vs. 40%) and pain on sitting (48% vs. 37%) than those without (p < 0.05). Draining tunnels were also significantly associated with low mood/depression (30% vs. 18%), sleep disturbance (28% vs. 19%) and fatigue (28% vs. 18%) versus no tunnels (p < 0.05). Physicians agreed that patients with draining tunnels experienced a negative impact of disease compared to those without. This was reflected in patient‐reported surveys and HR‐QoL instruments.ConclusionsPatients with moderate–severe HS and draining tunnels experience greater clinical and HR‐QoL burden than those without, emphasizing the importance of tunnels in disease impact.
Comparing the somatic growth and swimming kinematics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, Linnaeus) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus, Linnaeus) larvae
Authors: Bjelland Reidun , Durif Caroline M. F. , Browman Howard I. , Skiftesvik Anne Berit , Cresci Alessandro , Johannesen Edda 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAtlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) are found on both sides of the North Atlantic and often their spawning overlaps in time and space. Yet, haddock has a much more variable recruitment than cod in areas where they are sympatric, a difference that is consistent across ecosystems. At the larval stages, differences in feeding behavior have consequences for growth and survival, potentially contributing to the differences in recruitment between these species. We tested whether haddock displayed different swimming behavior to cod under abundant food conditions, while also comparing their growth every 7 days until 38 days post hatching (dph). Swimming kinematics were quantified from the three‐dimensional trajectories of larvae filmed in an aquarium at 11, 21, and 32 dph. Cod swam faster than haddock starting at 21 dph. Differences in swimming speed between species were consistent with body morphology. Haddock was heavier than cod at a given age and body length. At 11 dph, haddock exhibited longer pauses and wider horizontal and vertical turn angles than cod, indicating a moderately larger visual search field compared to cod. Longer pause duration indicates that haddock are searching for prey for longer periods than cod at 11 dph. The differences in prey search disappeared at 21 and 32 dph. The differences in feeding and swimming behavior reported here could play an important role for survival, with consequences for the recruitment of these species.
Vestibular Suppressant Utilization and Subsequent Falls Among Patients 65 Years and Older With Dizziness in the United States
Authors: Marmor Schelomo , Karaca‐Mandic Pinar , Adams Meredith E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFalls pose a significant public health threat to older adults. Due to potential fall risk, guidelines recommend against the routine prescription of several medications commonly used for vestibular suppression, including meclizine and benzodiazepines.AimsWe aimed to determine the factors associated with vestibular suppressant utilization among patients with dizziness ≥ 65 years of age and subsequent falls.Methods and ResultsA retrospective longitudinal database of US commercial insurance and Medicare beneficiaries was used to study medical claims data (January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2015). Of 190,348 individuals ≥ 65 years old who presented with dizziness, 60,658 (32%) filled a vestibular suppressant prescription (27% anti‐emetics, 73% anxiolytics), of which 20,448 were women (34%) within a month after their dizziness diagnosis. Of those individuals using suppressants, 8% experienced a fall resulting in a medical encounter within 60 days of filling the prescription. After adjusting for sociodemographics and comorbidity, individuals with dizziness who received vestibular suppressants were more likely to experience recorded fall incidents (hazard ratio (HR) 3.33, confidence interval (CI) 1.93–5.72, p < 0.0001), than those who did not receive vestibular suppressants.ConclusionsAlthough vestibular suppressants may provide immediate relief from symptoms during an acute vestibular crisis, use is incongruent with guideline‐concordant care for most vestibular diagnoses and is also potentially counterproductive and injurious. Multi‐faceted interventions that engage clinicians and patients are needed to improve the value of care for patients with vestibular disorders to de‐implement the routine use of suppressants for dizziness.
Exploring the value ecosystem of digital product passports
Authors: Gieß Anna , Möller Frederik 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDigital product passports (DPPs) are an emerging digital technology that advances the circular economy (CE) by facilitating inter‐organizational data sharing and life‐cycle management of products. This paper investigates DPP value ecosystems, articulated through the e3‐value modeling language, to address the research question: How to model the value ecosystem of digital product passports as boundary objects by identifying and analyzing the relevant actors, their needs, and the connections between them? Utilizing a systematic literature review, secondary data collection from active DPP instances, and gray literature, we construct a comprehensive e3‐value model. The model delineates the interactions and value flows among key stakeholders, including manufacturers, suppliers, consumers, end‐of‐life actors, and regulatory authorities. A specific application of the model is demonstrated through the battery passport, mandated by the EU Battery Regulation. The findings suggest that DPPs enhance transparency, regulatory compliance, and sustainable practices by providing detailed product lifecycle data. The study underlines the necessity for clear data‐sharing guidelines and highlights the multifaceted roles of DPPs in supporting a CE.
Postnatal development in a specialized bird: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of pelvic girdle morphological changes in Rhea americana (Aves, Palaeognathae)
Authors: Picasso Mariana B. J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe greater rhea (Rhea americana) is the largest bird in South America. It is flightless and cursorial, with a precocial postnatal development. This study aims to describe the postnatal morphological changes in the pelvic girdle of Rhea americana, focusing on ontogenetic scaling and gross anatomy to provide insight into the potential relationship between structure and function in cursorial birds. The pelves of 18 specimens representing four postnatal stages, were studied. Gross anatomical observations and staining methods were used to identify bone and cartilage, providing detailed information about qualitative morphological changes. Quantitative changes were assessed through linear regression analysis using pelvic linear dimensions and body mass to determine allometric growth patterns. The pelvic girdles of immature specimens are characterized by unfused bones, including the vertebrae synsacrales and the medial borders of the ilia, and small cartilaginous areas at the caudal end of the ilium, ischium, pubis, antitrochanter and tuberculum preacetabulare. These immature traits persisted until the most advanced juvenile stages were studied, indicating the slow postnatal growth typical of precocial birds. Similar to other precocial birds, the greater rhea exhibits large bone areas in its pelvic girdle, providing the mechanical strength necessary for locomotion from hatching. The pelvic dimensions showed a combined pattern of allometric and isometric growth related to hindlimb function and body support. The positive allometric growth of the ilium contributed to its increasing verticalization and narrowing, providing an increased dorsoventral surface area for the attachment of the powerful proximal hindlimb muscles. In contrast, the isometric growth of the intertrochanteric width helps in the uniform distribution of loading caused by body mass, providing adequate stability and support.