bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Clinical Attachment Level and Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density: Data From Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Pilgram Thomas K. , Hildebolt Charles F. , Dotson Mary , Cohen Sheldon C. , Hauser Jay F. , Kardaris Eugenia , Civitelli Roberto 
Published: February 2005

Background: There are physiological reasons to expect an association between bone mineral density of the spine and hip and attachment loss. To this point, however, most studies have found no correlation.Methods: The 135 patients in this report were part of a randomized controlled trial of estrogen replacement. All patients were in good oral health at entry and received annual oral prophylaxis as part of the study. Standard probing measurements were made with a pressure sensitive probe at 6 sites on each tooth. Bone mineral density was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorbtiometry at the lumbar spine (anterior‐posterior and lateral) and proximal femur (neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, Ward's triangle, and total area). These procedures were performed at baseline and at annual intervals for 3 years.Results: Correlations between cross‐sectional measurements of clinical attachment level and bone mineral density were very weak, and did not approach statistical significance (–0.06 ≤r ≤0.10, 0.15 ≤P ≤0.75). A few somewhat stronger correlations were found between longitudinal changes in bone mineral density and attachment (–0.20 ≤ r ≤–0.02, 0.02 ≤ P ≤0.81). Although the correlations in the longitudinal changes were weak, they were consistently in the direction of greater bone mineral density being associated with less attachment loss.Conclusions: There is no clear association between clinical attachment level and bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur, whether examined on a cross‐sectional or longitudinal basis. Patterns in the data suggest there may be a weak association in the longitudinal changes. J Periodontol 2002;73:298‐301.
A Novel Mutation of the Cathepsin C Gene in Papillon‐Lefévre Syndrome
Authors: Cury Vanessa F. , Costa José E. , Gomez Ricardo S. , Boson Wolfanga L. , Loures Cyro G. , De Marco Luiz 
Published: February 2005

Background: Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome (PLS) is a disorder that involves destruction of the periodontium and abnormal hyperkeratosis of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Mutations of the lysosomal protease cathepsin C gene (CTSC) have been associated with PLS. However, genotypic and phenotypic correlation has not been established. In the present study we investigated the CTSC gene in a Brazilian cohort affected by PLS.Methods: Eight consanguineous members of a kindred with PLS were studied. DNA was extracted and all exons of the gene amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. Mutations were identified by DNA sequencing of the coding region and introns of the CTSC gene.Results: Sequence analysis of CTSC from subjects affected by PLS identified a novel mutation (587T → C) in exon 4, predicted to cause a Leu196Pro amino acid substitution. Three of 3 subjects were homozygous for cathepsin C mutations inherited from a common ancestor. One patient was heterozygous and showed plantar hyperkeratosis without periodontal disease. Two other family members were also heterozygous but did not present palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and/or periodontal disease.Conclusions: This study describes a novel mutation of the cathepsin C gene in a Brazilian kindred with Papillon‐Lefévre syndrome. J Periodontol 2002;73:307‐312.
Efficacy of Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses With and Without Alcohol: A Clinical Study
Authors: Borrajo J.L. Leyes , Varela L. Garcia , Castro G. Lopez , Rodriguez‐Nuñez I. , Figueroa M. Garcia , Torreira M. Gallas 
Published: February 2005

Background: Plaque control is the main method for preventing periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine digluconate mouthrinse is widely recognized as helping to maintain plaque control. Most of these mouthrinses contain alcohol, making them impractical for many patients, including those with oral mucosal hypersensitivity. Mouthrinses without alcohol might cause fewer side effects, but also be less efficient. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse without alcohol against one with 11% ethanol and a placebo.Methods: This a double‐blind, parallel group study with 96 patients who tested 3 mouthrinses containing 1) chlorhexidine digluconate 0.12% sodium fluoride 0.05%, and ethanol 11% (group 1; CHX‐A); 2) the same solution without alcohol (group 2; CHX‐NA); and a placebo (group 3; P). Plaque and bleeding indexes were recorded in all patients prior to treatment and at 14 and 28 days.Results: There were significant differences in plaque, gingivitis, and papilla bleeding indexes in both chlorhexidine rinses compared to placebo, but no differences between the 2 CHX products.Conclusions: In this study, the alcohol‐free rinse was as effective as one containing alcohol in controlling plaque and reducing gingival inflammation. Therefore, it would seem that its use can be recommended in all patients, but especially in patients for whom the use of alcohol is contraindicated. J Periodontol 2002;73:317‐321.
Application of Enamel Matrix Derivative in Autotransplantation of an Impacted Maxillary Premolar: A Case Report
Authors: Ninomiya Masami , Kamata Nobuyuki , Fujimoto Ryoichi , Ishimoto Tomoko , Suryono  , Kido Jun‐ichi , Nagayama Masaru , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: February 2005

Background: The success of tooth transplantation or replantation depends on the viability of periodontal ligament in the planted tooth. Mechanical injury to periodontal tissues frequently results in dental root resorption and dental ankylosis, which leads to the failure of transplantation or replantation. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been recently used to induce periodontal regeneration. In this report, we show a clinical case of EMD application in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth.Methods: An impacted second premolar was found in the right maxilla of a 16 year‐old girl. The tooth was inversely impacted and the dental root was incomplete. When transplantation was carried out, EMD was applied to the periodontal tissues of the extracted premolar. The tooth was fixed at the correct position and the clinical condition was followed for evaluation for 6 months.Results: Radiographs after 3 months exhibited new bone formation surrounding the transplanted tooth. After 6 months, considerable growth of dental root was evident, periodontal ligament‐like radiolucency appeared, the vital reaction of the planted tooth was detected, and there were no signs of root resorption or ankylosis.Conclusion: Short‐term results from this case indicate that EMD application was effective in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth and that EMD might contribute to the growth of dental root and to the prevention of ankylosis.J Periodontol 2002;73:346‐351.
Root Surface Morphological Changes After Focused Versus Defocused CO2 Laser Irradiation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
Authors: Barone A. , Covani U. , Crespi R. , Romanos G.E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Many studies have observed damages to root surfaces treated by CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam. The morphologic changes observed were always associated with temperature increase induced by high energy release.Methods: The purpose of this study was to analyze by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the effects of CO2 laser in 2 different modes on root surfaces. Study samples consisted of 30 extracted single‐rooted periodontally compromised human teeth. Root specimens were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group A (12) treated with CO2 laser in continuous mode with a focused beam of 0.8 mm; group B (12) treated with CO2 laser in pulsed mode with defocused beam of 4 mm; and group C (6), untreated controls.Results: Group A (continuous mode) showed severe damages to dentin surfaces such as craters and fissures. Group B (defocused mode) did not result in any damages to the root surfaces, showing flat and smooth surfaces with apparent fusion of the smear layer and dentinal tubules almost completely sealed. The untreated control group was characterized by irregular and amorphous surfaces with several shallow depressions.Conclusions: Although both laser modes resulted in changes to the treated root surface specimens, the changes resulting in a smooth surface from use of defocused pulsed beam may present an advantage in periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2002;73:370‐373.
Comparison of Clinical, Radiographic, Histometric Measurements Following Treatment With Guided Tissue Regeneration or Enamel Matrix Proteins in Human Periodontal Defects
Authors: Windisch Péter , Sculean Anton , Klein Filip , Tóth Vilmos , Gera István , Reich Elmar , Eickholz Peter 
Published: February 2005

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic parameters with the histometric findings following 2 different regenerative procedures in humans.Methods: Fourteen advanced intrabony defects at teeth scheduled for extraction were randomly treated as follows: 8 with guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using bioabsorbable barriers and 6 with an enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD). Standardized radiographs, probing depths (PD), and attachment levels (CAL) at baseline and 6 months after therapy were evaluated and compared to the histometric measurements made following the removal of teeth and surrounding tissues 6 months after the surgery.Results: Significant PD reductions (GTR: –5.62 mm; EMD: –5.00 mm) and CAL gains (GTR: 3.87 mm; EMD: 2.67 mm) were observed in both groups. Six months after surgery, minor resorptions of the alveolar crest (AC) (GTR: 0.40 mm; EMD: 0.33 mm) and bony gain at the bottom of the defects (GTR: 0.47 mm; EMD: 1.05 mm) were observed radiographically. No statistically significant differences in the change of clinical and radiographic parameters between the GTR and EMD groups were found. Histometrically, significant amounts of new connective tissue attachment (i.e., cementum with inserting collagen fibers) were observed in both groups (GTR: 2.29 mm; EMD: 1.81 mm). Bone regeneration was found to be significant only in the GTR group (GTR: 1.93 mm; EMD: 0.78 mm). However, the study lacked statistical power for determining equivalence between the groups.Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that at 6 months after GTR or enamel matrix protein derivative therapy, formation of new cementum and bone may be histometrically demonstrated. Except for the formation of new bone, no statistically significant differences between both therapies could be seen for clinical, radiographic, and histometric results 6 months after surgery. J Periodontol 2002;73:409‐417.
In Vivo Ultrasonic Debridement Force in Bicuspids: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ruppert Martin , Cadosch Johann , Guindy Joseph , Case Douglas , Zappa Urs 
Published: February 2005

Background: Hand instruments lead to application of excessive forces, resulting in extensive root substance removal. Ultrasonic debridement primarily removes accretions from root surfaces. However, there is a lack of information on procedural aspects of ultrasonic debridement. The purpose of the present study was to assess the forces applied by different therapists during ultrasonic root surface debridement of bicuspids in periodontal patients in vivo.Methods: Ten dentists and 10 dental hygienists each debrided 1 aspect of a bicuspid with moderate chronic periodontitis using an ultrasonic curet. The forces applied were recorded using a piezo‐electric receiver built into the handle of the ultrasonic curet, an electronic transducer, and an analogous writer. The force recordings were converted from millivolts into Newtons N). Mean positive and negative forces were calculated for each therapist, and t tests were used to assess differences in these forces between dentists and dental hygienists.Results: The results showed that the mean positive force applied by dentists was 1 .OO N (range 0.53 to 1.34 N). The cor‐responding mean value for dental hygienists was 0.77 N (range 0.20 to 1.22 N). The mean root debridement time was 110.2 seconds (range 38 to 165 seconds) for dentists and 90.8 secconds (range 38 to 244 seconds) for dental hygienists. The mean percentage of total debridement time used for positive force application by dentists was 76.1%, and for dental hygienists 63.9%. Negative forces impacting on the periodontal soft tissues were also recorded. These negative forces reached a mean of 0.16 N for dentists and 0.31 N for dental hygienists.Conclusions: From these observations, it may be concluded that application of ultrasonic debridement therapy is highly sub‐jective, and that dentists and dental hygienists may not be adequately trained to use these instruments optimally. J Periodontol 2002;73:418‐422.
Nicotine Modulation of In Vitro Human Gingival Fibroblast β1 Integrin Expression
Authors: Snyder Harold B. , Caughman Gretchen , Lewis Jill , Billman Michael A. , Schuster George 
Published: February 2005

Background: Smoking is clearly a high‐risk behavior for the development of periodontal disease, and nicotine is the major vasoactive component in tobacco. Integrins are a large family of homologous transmembrane adhesion proteins serving as the principal receptors on animal cells to bind and communicate with many extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. This study's aim was to evaluate nicotine's effects on β1 integrin expression as a function of either 1) the generalized effects on RNA/protein synthesis or 2) as a specific modulation of β1 integrin synthesis.Methods: Pooled human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured in nicotine concentrations commonly seen in smokers (0.025 to 0.8 μM), and relative incorporation of [35S]methionine into newly synthesized protein or [3H]uridine into newly synthesized RNA was measured. Cultures were harvested at various times, and duplicate cell aliquots were homogenized and fractionated to obtain cell membraneenriched preparations or solubilized to obtain whole cell lysates. Radiolabeled RNA and proteins were quantitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation and liquid scintillation spectrometry. β1 integrin subunits were detected by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting, and the relative intensities of reactive bands were quantitated by scanning densitometry.Results: After 17 hours of exposure, 0.4 and 0.8 μM nicotine resulted in a dose‐dependent increase in β1 integrin in whole cell lysates, and a decrease in β1 integrin in the corresponding membrane‐enriched fractions. There was also a statistically significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in radiolabeled proteins in culture. Although there appeared to be a mild, generalized reduction in radiolabeled RNA in nicotine‐treated cultures compared to controls, a 1‐way analysis of variance showed no statistical significance between values.Conclusions: Our results suggest that nicotine may induce an altered compartmentalization process in which β1 integrin molecules are produced, but are not appropriately transferred to the membrane. Nicotine effects on cellular protein synthesis and its modulation of β1 integrin expression may impair gingival fibroblast ability to adhere to and communicate with one another and with the extracellular matrix, which could impair wound healing and/or exacerbate periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2002;73:505‐510.
Fcγ Receptor Genes as Risk Markers for Localized Aggressive Periodontitis in African‐Americans
Authors: Fu Yali , Korostoff Jonathan M. , Fine Daniel H. , Wilson Mark E. 
Published: February 2005

Background: Receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (FcγRs) play a crucial role in host defense against bacterial infection by linking humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses. Allelic variants of certain FcγRs have been shown to differ relative to their biologic activity. Thus, genes encoding allotypes with diminished activity have been suggested as potential risk factors for infectious diseases. The goal of this study was to determine whether specific FcγRIIa, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb alleles and/or genotypes could be used to predict susceptibility to localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) in an African‐American population.Methods: Whole blood or saliva was obtained from 48 LAgP and 67 periodontally‐healthy African‐American subjects. DNA was prepared from each sample. FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa genotyping was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA with allele‐specific primers followed by allelespecific restriction digestion of the products. FcγRIIIb genotyping was done by allele‐specific PCR.Results: There was a statistically significant over‐representation of the FcγRIIIb‐NA2 allele in LAgP patients compared to controls (P = 0.024). Relative to the FcγRIIIb‐NA1/NA2 and homozygous NA1/NA1 genotypes, the prevalence of the FcγRIIIb NA2/NA2 genotype was higher in the LAgP group relative to the control population. Individuals expressing this genotype appeared at greater risk for developing LAgP (odds ratio 2.271, 95% confidence interval: 1.005 to 5.132). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the FcγRIIa H/R or FcγRIIIa‐158 F/V genotypes nor their allelic frequencies between the LAgPpatients and controls.Conclusions: These data suggest that the FcγRIIIb NA2 allele and/or NA2/NA2 genotype may represent risk markers for susceptibility to LAgP in African‐Americans. J Periodontol 2002;73:517‐523.
Oral Hygiene Practices and Periodontitis in Health Care Professionals
Authors: Merchant Anwar , Pitiphat Waranuch , Douglass Chester W. , Crohin Constant , Joshipura Kaumudi 
Published: February 2005

Background: One in 3 adults in the United States has periodontitis, yet there are few widely applied methods for its prevention. Few studies have assessed oral hygiene practices related to periodontitis.Methods: There were 533 participants in this study (14.8% male dentists; 13.7% male non‐dentist health care professionals; and 71.5% female nurses), all of whom are enrolled in ongoing cohort studies in the United States which have inquired about their oral hygiene practices and whether they have professionally diagnosed periodontitis. We studied the relationship between oral hygiene practices and periodontitis, controlling for potential confounders.Results: The participants were 69 years old on average, 84.2% white, 12.4% current smokers, and 8.3% diabetic. Seventy percent of the dentists and nurses brushed at least twice a day compared to 56% of the other health professionals. Two‐thirds of the nurses, 56.3% dentists, and 36.4% other health professionals flossed at least once daily. Persons brushing twice daily were as likely to have periodontitis as those brushing once or less daily (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64 to 2.10); persons flossing less than once a day were as likely to have periodontitis as those who flossed daily (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.63 to 2.13) after controlling for profession, age, gender, smoking, diabetes, coronary heart disease, history of periodontal surgery, and number of teeth present.Conclusions: People who reported better oral hygiene practices did not report less periodontitis, after controlling for potential confounders. Oral hygiene practices were not associated with periodontitis in this population. J Periodontol 2002;73:531‐535.
Pain Experienced by Patients During Periodontal Maintenance Treatment
Authors: Karadottir Hildur , Lenoir Lettie , Barbierato Barbara , Bogle Mary , Riggs Matt , Sigurdsson Thorarinn , Crigger Max , Egelberg Jan 
Published: February 2005

Background: The aims of this study were to assess the degree of pain experienced by patients during probing and debridement and to determine whether the pain responses could be predicted by the patient's age, gender, percentage of sites ≥4 mm deep, and responses to a questionnaire on dental anxiety.Methods: Prior to the maintenance procedures, 26 adult patients completed an anxiety questionnaire. Subsequently, measurements of probing depths were performed. The patients activated a tallying device at each probe entry that evoked pain (pain frequency). Pain levels for each quadrant were also assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS). Following probing, the same protocol was repeated during instrumentation (debridement).Results: Most patients showed low pain responses to both probing and instrumentation as evaluated by both methods of measurement. However, using arbitrary thresholds of pain frequency ≥50% and VAS ≥40 mm, approximately 15% of the patients had a painful experience. Stepwise multiple regression analyses disclosed that significant portions of the pain levels could be predicted by gender and the patients' answers to 2 of the dental anxiety questions.Conclusions: Recognition of patients who are likely to experience pain during periodontal treatment can be facilitated by the use of 2 questions on dental anxiety and the VAS response to probing during examination. J Periodontol 2002;73:536‐542.
Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on the Differentiation of C2C12 Cells
Authors: Ohyama Mariko , Suzuki Naoto , Yamaguchi Yoko , Maeno Masao , Otsuka Kichibee , Ito Koichi 
Published: February 2005

Background: Although enamel matrix derivative (EMD) can initiate de novo cementum and bone formation by stimulating and inducing differentiation of mesenchymal cells in the periodontal ligament, the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of EMD on the differentiation of pluripotential mesenchymal cells.Methods: A typical pluripotential mesenchymal cell line, C2C12, was used to clarify the effect of EMD on cell differentiation. The cells were cultured in 5% serum‐containing medium to induce cell differentiation, either with or without the addition of EMD. Differentiation to myoblasts was analyzed by immunostaining of desmin and type II myosin heavy chains. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity. Furthermore, to verify the cell lineage after culture with EMD, mRNA expression of cellular phenotypespecific markers characterizing osteoblasts (ALPase and osteocalcin), chondroblasts (type X collagen), myoblasts (desmin and MyoD), and adipocytes (lipoprotein lipase) was studied using semiquantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: C2C12 cells cultured in differentiation medium without EMD altered their phenotype to myoblasts, exhibiting positive reactions to desmin and myosin heavy chains by immunological analysis. However, the cells cultured in the presence of EMD were strongly inhibited from developing into myoblasts, and showed high ALPase activity that was approximately 2 to 4 times greater than that of the vehicle. The mRNA expression of ALPase, osteocalcin, and type X collagen was increased markedly by the EMD‐stimulated medium, whereas the expression of desmin, MyoD, and lipoprotein lipase was drastically decreased.Conclusions: Our study provides clear evidence that EMD converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 cells into the osteoblast and/or chondroblast lineage. J Periodontol 2002;73:543‐550.