bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Following Periodontal Surgery
Authors: Kuru Leyla , Kirby Alun C. , Griffiths Gareth S. , Petrie Aviva , Olsen Irwin 
Published: April 2005

Background: Inflammation of periodontal tissues during postoperative wound healing is mediated by cell surface adhesion molecules. Soluble forms of these antigens have also been identified and shown to be important in immunoregulatory processes, but have previously not been investigated during periodontal repair and regeneration. The present study has examined the presence and possible changes in soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1; CD54) and lymphocyte function‐associated antigen‐3 (sLFA‐3; CD58) in gingival crevical fluid (GCF) following periodontal surgery.Methods: GCF samples were collected from four groups: 1) a guided tissue regeneration (GTR) test; 2) a GTR control, at least one complete tooth unit away from the periodontal defect; 3) a conventional flap (CF) surgery; and 4) a crown lengthening (CL). Sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of sICAM‐1 and sLFA‐3 in the GCF samples.Results: A marked increase in GCF volumes was found in all sites after surgery, although a persistent increase was associated only with the period of membrane retention at the GTR test sites. In addition, sICAM‐1 and sLFA‐3 were found in the GCF of healthy as well as diseased sites prior to treatment and the total amounts of both increased transiently following surgical intervention, especially sLFA‐3. However, the concentrations of these GCF components, particularly sICAM‐1, tended to decrease.Conclusions: The temporal decrease in the concentration of sICAM‐1 and sLFA‐3 in GCF may serve to enhance inflammatory reactions at surgically‐treated periodontal sites, thereby limiting repair and regeneration in the periodontium. These soluble adhesion molecules may thereby be of potential therapeutic value and might also be useful markers for monitoring periodontal wound healing. J Periodontol 2005;76:526‐533.
Implants in Patients Treated for Generalized Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis: A 3‐Year Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Mengel Reiner , Flores‐de‐Jacoby Lavin 
Published: April 2005

Background: The aim of the present prospective longitudinal study of periodontally diseased and periodontally healthy patients was a clinical, microbiological, and radiographic comparison of teeth and implants and an assessment of the implant success rate.Methods: Thirty‐nine partially edentulous patients provided with a total of 150 implants were enrolled in the study. Oral rehabilitation was undertaken in 15 patients treated for generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 12 patients treated for generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), and 12 periodontally healthy patients. The examinations of the teeth and implants were carried out within the framework of a 3‐month recall schedule over a 3‐year period. At each session, clinical parameters for probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), attachment level (AL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were recorded, and the composition of the subgingival microflora determined by dark‐field microscopy. In the periodontally diseased patients, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i.) were detected at teeth and implants by DNA analysis in the first and third years after insertion of the superstructure. Intraoral radiographs of the teeth and implants were taken at baseline, immediately after insertion of the superstructure, and then 1 and 3 years later.Results: The GI and PI at implants and teeth remained below 0.25 and 0.6, respectively, in all patient groups throughout the study period. At the implants and teeth, a slight increase in PD and a continuous attachment loss was recorded in the GAgP patients. The attachment loss was greater at the implants than at the teeth in all groups. The morphological distribution of the microorganisms revealed virtually healthy conditions in all groups. A.a. was detected in two GAgP patients, whereas P.g. and P.i. were found more frequently both in the GAgP and in the GCP patients. Radiographically detected bone loss was higher after 3 years at implants and teeth in the GAgP patients than in the other two groups. The implant success rates recorded were 100% in the periodontally healthy and GCP patients, and 95.7% in the maxilla and 100% in the mandible of the GAgP patients.Conclusions: The results show that oral rehabilitation can be performed with implants in patients treated for generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis. However, slight attachment loss and bone loss were registered at the implants and teeth in the patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005;76:534‐543.
The Effect of Cigarette Smoking on the Severity of Periodontal Disease Among Older Thai Adults
Authors: Torrungruang Kitti , Nisapakultorn Kanokwan , Sutdhibhisal Sanutm , Tamsailom Suphot , Rojanasomsith Kaesarin , Vanichjakvong Ornanong , Prapakamol Suvapa , Premsirinirund Thirapat , Pusiri Thitima , Jaratkulangkoon Orawan , Kusump Sakda , Rajatanavin Rajata 
Published: April 2005

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on the severity of periodontitis in a crosssectional study of older Thai adults.Methods: The study population consisted of 1,960 subjects (age 50 to 73 years old). All subjects received both medical and dental examinations. Periodontal examinations, including plaque score, probing depth, and clinical attachment level, were done on all teeth present in two diagonal quadrants. Sociodemographic characteristics and smoking status were obtained by questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regression was used to address the association between cigarette consumption and mean clinical attachment level.Results: In this study population, 48.7% were non‐smokers, 14.4% were current smokers, and 36.9% were former smokers. Current smokers had higher percentage of sites with plaque, deeper mean probing depth, and greater mean clinical attachment level than former smokers and non‐smokers. The odds of having moderate and severe periodontitis for current smokers were 1.7 and 4.8 times greater than non‐smokers, respectively. Former smokers were 1.8 times more likely than non‐smokers to have severe periodontitis. Quitting smoking reduced the odds of having periodontitis. For light smokers (<15 packyear), the odds for severe periodontitis reverted to the level of non‐smokers when they had quit smoking for ≥10 years. For moderate and heavy smokers (≥15 packyear), the odds of having severe periodontitis did not differ from those of non‐smokers when they had quit smoking for ≥20 years.Conclusions: There was a strong association between cigarette smoking and the risk of periodontitis among older Thai adults. Quitting smoking appears to be beneficial to periodontal health. J Periodontol 2005;76:566‐572.
Periodontal Conditions in an Elderly Japanese Population Influenced by Smoking Status and Serum Immunoglobulin G2 Levels
Authors: Nakashima Keisuke , Kobayashi Takao , Yoshihara Akihiro , Fujiwara Jun , Miyazaki Hideo , Kowashi Yusuke 
Published: April 2005

Background: A Japanese population residing in the same area may be suitable for evaluation of the association among IgG subclass levels, smoking status, and periodontal disease due to similar racial and environmental factors, as these factors can interact to influence serum IgG subclass levels. The present cross‐sectional investigation attempted to examine the influence of serum IgG subclass levels and smoking status on periodontal condition in a population of elderly Japanese subjects.Methods: Elderly individuals (N = 451, age, 71 years) residing in Niigata City, Japan participated in the present study. Clinical evaluations, which consisted of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and calculus, and serological determinations including serum IgG subclass levels and anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae IgG subclass titers were conducted. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires regarding smoking status and were then divided into one of three groups: never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker.Results: Distributions of the number of teeth did not differ significantly across the groups. The proportion of sites with CAL ≥4 mm (%CAL4) in current smokers was significantly higher in comparison with never smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that %CAL4 was influenced by number of teeth, serum IgG2 levels, gender, and smoking status (R2 = 0.253, P <0.001). The effect of IgG2 was greater than that of smoking status. Distribution of IgG2 was not significantly different across the three groups.Conclusion: These data indicate that serum IgG2 levels influences periodontal conditions in an elderly Japanese population independent of smoking status. J Periodontol 2005;76:582‐589.
Modulating the Effects of Diabetes on Osseointegration With Aminoguanidine and Doxycycline
Authors: Kopman Jeffrey A. , Kim David M. , Rahman Suraiya S. , Arandia Jason A. , Karimbux Nadeem Y. , Fiorellini Joseph P. 
Published: April 2005

Background: The current knowledge of wound healing around implant surfaces is quite limited, particularly as it relates to the effects of systemic diseases such as diabetes. The purpose of our research is to histologically evaluate the effects of aminoguanidine and doxycycline in the modification of peri‐implant wound healing around endosseous implants in diabetic rats.Methods: Thirty‐two Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four different treatment groups. One group served as the non‐diabetic control, while diabetes was induced in other groups. Titanium plasma‐sprayed (TPS) implants were placed in the femora of each animal 2 weeks following diabetic induction. One group of diabetic rats was given aminoguanidine via intraperitoneal injection, and another given doxycycline via oral gavage for 28 days beginning on the day of implantation. The third group of diabetic rats received no medication (controls). All animals were sacrificed following 28 days of healing.Results: The results were measured by marrow bone‐toimplant contact (MBIC) between the groups. Values for MBIC were greater for the non‐diabetic control group than the diabetic control group (P <0.001). Aminoguanidine‐treated diabetic animals had a significantly greater MBIC than the diabetic control group (P <0.01). Diabetic animals receiving doxycycline did not differ significantly from the diabetic control group (P >0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study using a rat model con‐ firm previous reports that diabetes inhibits osseointegration, as defined by MBIC. In addition, this study demonstrates that the detrimental effects of diabetes on osseointegration can be modified using aminoguanidine systemically. However, systemic administration of doxycycline only slightly enhances osseointegration. J Periodontol 2005;76:614‐620.
Preferential oxidation (PrOx) in a thin‐film catalytic microreactor: Advantages and limitations
Authors: Ouyang X. , Bednarova L. , Besser R. S. , Ho P. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSilicon microreactors with Pt/Al2O3 thin‐film wall catalyst were adopted for kinetic studies of CO preferential oxidation (PrOx). The activity of this catalyst was compared to that of other catalyst systems based on similar formulation. Internal and external mass‐transport and heat‐transport limitations of the microreactor were examined and comparisons were made to minimized packed‐bed reactors (m‐PBRs). We found that at lower temperatures (<220°C), the microreactor shows negligible mass‐ and heat‐transport resistance, implying direct access to intrinsic kinetics. However, external mass transport begins to play a significant role in limiting overall reaction rates above 220°C for PrOx. A microkinetic reaction model for PrOx was used for the study of reaction pathways and the analysis of surface intermediate species, which are difficult to study experimentally. Reaction mechanisms are discussed with these modeling results as a guide. Afterward, the results of a separate, nonisothermal reactor model using the finite‐difference method are discussed to understand differences in performance of the microreactor and m‐PBRs with respect to the CO conversion vs. temperature characteristic. As a result, we discovered that the temperature gradients in m‐PBRs favor the reverse water–gas shift (r‐WGS) reaction, thus causing a much narrower range of permissible operating temperatures compared to that of the microreactor. Accordingly, the extremely efficient heat removal of the microchannel/thin‐film catalyst system eliminates temperature gradients and efficiently prevents the onset of the r‐WGS reaction. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Processing and characterization of biodegradable soy plastics: Effects of crosslinking with glyoxal and thermal treatment
Authors: Vaz Cláudia M. , van Doeveren Patrick F. N. M. , Yilmaz G. , de Graaf Leontine A. , Reis Rui L. , Cunha António M. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractProcessing and modification routes to produce and to improve properties of biodegradable plastics from soy isolate were studied. Soy isolate, acid‐treated and crosslinked soy were subsequently compounded, extruded, and injection molded. Acetic acid and glyoxal were examined concerning their suitability for acid treating and crosslinking of soy, and their effect on the final properties of the obtained materials. Heat treatment was also used as a possible methodology to crosslink the protein structure. The molded specimens were tested in terms of their tensile properties and solubility at different pHs, and were also evaluated for the degree of crosslinking and molecular weight distributions. The obtained plastics were rigid and brittle with stiffness ranging from 1436 MPa for soy, to 1229 MPa for glyoxal crosslinked soy, up to 2698 MPa for heat‐treated soy. The differences in stiffness were discussed in terms of the crosslinking efficiency and spatial distribution. The solubility profiles were studied as a function of the pH of the immersion solutions and the crosslinking degree of each material. A reduction in protein solubility with decreasing pH was observed, with a minimum between pH 4 and 5 and a resolubilization of the protein at pHs lower than pH 4 and greater than 8. Higher levels of crosslinking resulted in a decrease of the solubility and an aggregation of the protein molecules. The soy plastics proved to be very versatile materials with potential to be used in applications where quite demanding performances are expected, such as in the biomedical field. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 604–610, 2005
Crosslinking of cotton cellulose in the presence of serine and glycine. I. Physical properties and reaction kinetics
Authors: Yao Wei‐Hua , Chen Jui‐Chin , Hu Mei‐Shan , Teng Ming‐Yu , Huang Po‐Hsiung , Lin Jian‐Min , Chen Cheng‐Chi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractSerine and glycine were used to combine with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) as crosslinking agents to study the physical properties of the crosslinked fabrics and the reaction kinetics, and find that the bound nitrogen is in the series of DMDHEU ≫ DMDHEU‐serine > DMDHEU‐glycine at the same resin concentration. The results also show that the wet crease recovery angle (WCRA) value of the treated fabrics for the three crosslinking agent systems is in the series of DMDHEU‐serine > DMDHEU‐glycine > DMDHEU alone at a given dry crease recovery angle (DCRA). The DCRA values of the treated fabrics for DMDHEU alone are higher than those for DMDHEU‐α‐amino acids for a given value of tensile strength retention (TSR). WCRA values for the various treated fabrics is in the rank of DMDHEU‐serine > DMDHEU alone > DMDHEU‐glycine at the same TSR. Rate constants for the various crosslinking agents are in the series of DMDHEU‐glycine > DMDHEU‐serine > DMDHEU alone at the given heated temperatures. Energies needed to crosslink and the values of enthalpies and entropies of activation are all DMDHEU‐glycine > DMDHEU‐serine > DMDHEU alone. Infrared ray (IR) spectra strongly suggest the reaction between DMDHEU and serine and the reaction between the hydroxyl group (cellulose) and serine can occur in the pad‐dry‐cure process, but only a little for the latter. The reaction between the functional groups of serine and the aluminum ion to form a complex also confirm with IR spectrum. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 595–603, 2005
Molecular‐imprinted nylon membranes for the permselective binding of phenylalanine as optical‐resolution membrane adsorbents
Authors: Takeda Kohei , Abe Masanori , Kobayashi Takaomi 
Published: April 2005

AbstractNylon 6, nylon 6,6, and terephthalic phenylene polyamide (TPPP) were functionalized by phase‐inversion molecular imprinting to add L‐phenylalanine recognition ability. Formic acid containing 20 wt % nylon and 8 wt % L‐phenylalanine was used as the solvent for the cast solution of the imprinting process. The resultant porous membranes behaved as membrane adsorbents that separated the L/D mixture of the substrate. The imprinted nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 presented high selectivity to the L‐form substrate with respect to the TPPP membranes, but the imprinted TPPP membranes showed higher binding capacity with 0.57 μmol/g for L‐phenylalanine. The apparent partition coefficients of L‐ and D‐forms by the imprinted membranes were 6.8, 4.2, and 1.7 for nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and TPPP, respectively. The separation manner of the L‐ and D‐forms from the mixture was also confirmed by membrane filtration under 1.5 kgf/cm2 of applied pressure. The imprinted nylon 6, nylon 6,6, and TPPP membranes had separation factors of L‐ and D‐phenylalanines of 1.1, 1.1, and 1.2, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 620–626, 2005
Chain structure and mechanical properties of polyethylene/polypropylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene)in‐reactor alloys synthesized with a spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst by gas‐phase polymerization
Authors: Fu Zhisheng , Xu Junting , Zhang Yanzhong , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2005

AbstractTwo polyethylene/polypropylene/poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene) in‐reactor alloy samples with a good polymer particle morphology were synthesized by sequential multistage gas‐phase polymerization with a spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst. The alloys showed excellent mechanical properties, including both toughness and stiffness. With temperature‐gradient extraction fractionation, both alloys were fractionated into five fractions. The chain structures of the fractions were studied with Fourier transform infrared, 13C‐NMR, and thermal analysis. The alloys were mainly composed of polyethylene, polyethylene‐b‐polypropylene block copolymer, and polypropylene. There also were minor amounts of an ethylene–propylene segmented copolymer with very low crystallinity and an ethylene–propylene random copolymer. The block copolymer fraction accounted for more than 44 wt % of the alloys. The coexistence of these components with different structures was apparently the key factor resulting in the excellent toughness–stiffness balance of the materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 640–647, 2005
Optimization of the coordination–insertion ring‐opening polymerization of poly(p‐dioxanone) by programmed decreasing reaction temperatures
Authors: Esteves L. M. , Márquez L. , Müller A. J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe optimization of the synthesis of poly(p‐dioxanone), by ring‐opening polymerization with tin II bis(2‐ethylhexanoic acid) as the catalyst, was conducted by a new method in which programmed decreasing reaction temperatures were employed. The results were compared with those obtained for polymerization reactions performed at constant temperatures in the 80–180°C range. In the novel method, the temperature was gradually reduced, as the reaction proceeded, to maintain a maximum polymerization rate and monomer conversion as the monomer was consumed. The experiments performed at constant temperatures confirmed previous reports that the bulk polymerization of 1,4‐dioxan‐2‐one is an equilibrium polymerization reaction. With increasing polymerization temperature, the initial rate of polymerization increased, but the monomer conversion, reaching equilibrium, decreased. High conversions were obtained at low temperatures and long reaction times. Therefore, reducing the reaction temperature, to ensure working conditions that guaranteed the maximum polymerization rate and monomer conversion, could optimize the polymerization process. These conditions were calculated under the assumption of equilibrium polymerization reaction kinetics. With our proposed method, a 71% conversion was achieved in half the time needed when the polymerization was performed at a constant temperature of 120°C. Similarly, a 78% conversion was obtained with our proposed method in only a third of the time employed when the reaction was carried out at a constant temperature of 80°C. Our method guarantees high conversions in shorter times and a gradual reduction of the polymerization temperature. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 659–665, 2005
Shh signaling in limb bud ectoderm: Potential role in teratogen‐induced postaxial ectrodactyly
Authors: Bell Sheila M. , Schreiner Claire M. , Goetz John A. , Robbins David J. , Scott William J. 
Published: April 2005

AbstractA variety of teratogens induce the loss of postaxial forelimb structures when administered during mid‐gestation to the mouse. Previous studies demonstrated that teratogen exposure is associated with a reduction in zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) ‐related polarizing activity without a noticeable loss of Shh expression. Herein, we quantitatively confirm that expression of Shh, Ptch1, and Gli3 are unaltered by teratogen exposure and demonstrate that sonic hedgehog (Shh) translation is unaffected. Examination of the polarizing response of host chick wings to teratogen‐exposed ZPA tissue revealed an induced growth response and ectopic induction of Fgf4, Bmp2, Ptch1, and Gli1 expression similar to control ZPA tissue. Control ZPA tissue altered the fate of cells destined to die in the anterior necrotic zone, whereas cell death ensued in hosts receiving teratogen‐exposed grafts. Immunohistochemical studies localized Shh protein in the mouse limb to the posterior mesoderm and overlying ectoderm. We postulate that teratogen exposure alters the ability of Shh to signal to the ectoderm and present microarray and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction data, indicating that Shh signaling could occur in the limb bud ectoderm. Developmental Dynamics 233:313–325, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Challenges of gas chromatography–high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for simultaneous analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other halogenated persistent organic pollutants in environmental samples
Authors: Čajka Tomáš , Hajšlová Jana , Kazda Radek , Poustka Jan 
Published: April 2005

AbstractThe potential of a gas chromatographic method employing high‐resolution time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometry was evaluated for detection of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the environmental matrices represented by fish and river sediment. Two ionisation techniques, viz. electron ionisation (EI) and negative ion chemical ionisation (NICI), the latter with methane as a reagent gas, were used in this study. While the instrumental lowest calibration levels (LCLs) obtained in EI were in the range from 1 to 5 pg, their values ranged between 10 to 250 fg in NICI mode. This enhancement in detectability of target analytes enabled identification/quantification of even minor PBDE congeners, and consequently, improved characterisation of particular sample contamination patterns. In addition, this method allowed estimation of the PCB levels in examined samples. CB 153 was used as a contamination marker in this study.