bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Surface‐Modified Microelectrode Arrays for the Electrochemical Detection of Dihydrogen Phosphate
Authors: Berduque Alfonso , Herzog Grégoire , Watson Yvonne E. , Arrigan Damien W. M. , Moutet Jean‐Claude , Reynes Olivier , Royal Guy , Saint‐Aman Eric 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPlatinum and gold microelectrode arrays (MEAs), fabricated on silicon substrates with different geometric characteristics, were surface‐modified by the potentiostatic electropolymerization of the pyrrole‐ferrocene derivative Py(CH2)3NHCOFc, in the case of the platinum MEAs, and chemisorption of the thiol‐functionalized ferrocene HS(CH2)6N+(CH3)2Fc, in the case of the gold MEAs. Cyclic voltammetry of these MEAs was typical of thin film behavior. The modified MEAs were investigated for the detection of the dihydrogen phosphate mono‐anion in non‐aqueous media via differential pulse voltammetry. This was based on electrostatic interaction and/or hydrogen‐bonding between the target anion and the amide‐ferrocene or ammonium‐ferrocene functionalized electrode surfaces. A decrease in the ferrocene (Fc) oxidation peak current with a concomitant increase in the peak current of a new peak at lower potentials was observed when the concentration of the dihydrogen phosphate was increased.
Parental occupation and Ewing's sarcoma: Pooled and meta‐analysis
Authors: Valery Patricia C. , Williams Gail , Sleigh Adrian C. , Holly Elizabeth A. , Kreiger Nancy , Bain Chris 
Published: February 2005

AbstractEtiologic data on Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are limited, with only 5 case‐control studies reported. Interesting associations, particularly related to parental occupation, have been noted, but results are somewhat inconsistent. We conducted a pooled analysis of 3 case‐control studies to assess the overall associations between parental occupation and ESFT. The pooled analysis provided data on parental occupational exposure on 199 cases of ESFT and 1,451 controls. The pooled odds ratio for the periconception and gestation periods were 2.3 (95% CI = 1.3–4.1) for children whose fathers had worked on farms and 3.9 (95% CI = 1.6–9.9) for those whose mothers had farmed. For the periconception and gestation periods, there was a 3.5‐fold increased risk for those with both parents having farmed and a doubling of risk for those with at least one parent having farmed; pattern of increasing risk with increasing number of years of postnatal parental exposure to farms was seen. No other occupational group (or more narrowly defined occupations) had other than minor inconsistent associations with the occurrence of ESFT. In addition, we conducted a meta‐analysis of farm occupation (a main risk factor) including all 4 case‐control studies that collected required information to consider parental occupation. Results of the meta‐analysis were consistent with those from the pooled analysis. This collaborative analysis of available individual data on parental occupation and ESFT in the offspring provides evidence supporting the hypothesis of an association between ESFT and parental occupation in farming. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The development of a physiological simulation system for the human circulatory system coupling macro and micro models
Authors: Asami Ken'ichi , Kitamura Tadashi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a physiological simulation model which couples macro and micro models of the biological circulatory system. The macro model for the circulatory system is composed of modules for physiological functions such as neural activity, hormonal adjustment, and body temperature control, and provides a mathematical representation of comprehensive knowledge of systemic circulation physiology. The micro model of the circulatory system, on the other hand, uses differential equations to describe hemodynamics with the heart as a pump, and calculates the systemic hemodynamics produced by heart pulsations in millisecond time steps. An electrical circuit model is constructed for the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems, in which the time‐varying elasticity of the ventricular muscle corresponds to a variable capacitor. By connecting the macro and micro models through common variables, a simulation which combines macroscopic and microscopic hemodynamics is produced, making it possible to investigate the response of the pulsatile blood flow as various parameter values of the whole circulation system are varied. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(3): 27–41, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20135
Enhancing supply chain operations through effective classification of warranty returns
Authors: Gary Teng S. , Ho S. Michael , Shumar Debra 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo show that handling warranty returns is essential in a supply chain for product/process improvement and that the major step in resolving warranty return problems is to correctly classify the returned parts and identify the problem(s).Design/methodology/approachDemonstrates two classification processes that separate available warranty returned parts into correct categories.FindingsThe result of these two processes provides pertinent parties in the supply chain more accurate warranty failure information, so the companies involved can precisely pin‐point the source of the failure cause in the products and improve the product's design and manufacturing. Meanwhile, it also resolves potential conflicts in a supply chain and assigns responsibility to the right party to cover incurred warranty repair cost. Its applications can enhance quality and reliability management in a supply chain and streamline the reverse logistics operations in the chain.Originality/valueThis paper offers companies an effective procedure in reducing wrongly classified warranty returns and makes root cause analysis of warranty returns more efficient.
Energy consideration of the T(x) model of hysteresis
Authors: Takacs Jeno 
Published: February 2005

PurposeThe paper sets out to develop the T(x) model, based on well known principles and using the free energy of the ferromagnetic binary system as a starting point.Design/methodology/approachWith the inclusion of the coercive and the intermolecular forces the model fully describes the hysteretic process for both major and minor loops, with exchange field between adjacent magnetic moments.FindingsThe paper formulates the dependence of the hysteretic system's normalised free energy on parameters such as the temperature, coercivity, other magnetic and materials properties of the ferromagnetic medium.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental verification will still be needed as to the accuracy of the model and the applicability to the various magnetic materials.Practical implicationsThe paper provides an easy mathematical and visual method to present the energy state and its variation of the magnetic materials during magnetisation, including non‐saturation conditions. It has a great value to people engaged in theoretical research in magnetism.Originality/valueSo far free energy calculations were only possible for major hysteresis loops. The T(x) model, as presented here, is applicable to the calculation of the free energy flow of any symmetrical minor loops as well.
The Canadian National Site Licensing Project and the logic model
Authors: Hoffman Ellen 
Published: February 2005

PurposeTo determine whether Canada's university research capacity could be increased in quantity, breadth and depth of published scholarly information available to academic researchers, especially through the use of e‐journals and cooperatively negotiated pricing and licensing of them.Design/methodology/approachEvaluates the three‐year demonstration project funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation known as the Canadian National Site Licensing Project (CNSLP). This project used surveys and a logical model method, which integrates inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes and impacts into an account of how a program is fulfilling its objectives.FindingsDemonstrates that CNSLP has successfully found a new model for negotiating and licensing electronic information to expand information available to researchers. It also identified that over 80 percent of respondents surveyed believe that e‐journal access has had a significant impact on their ability to conduct research.Originality/valueBoth illustrates a model to provide greater access to e‐journals and shows that greater access to electronic information increases use of peripheral literature.
Innovation projects in Israeli incubators
Authors: Kahane Bernard , Raz Tzvi 
Published: February 2005

PurposeBased on an Israeli innovation incubators program, aims to describe a procedure to define relevant categories in order to reduce the complexity of representing the population of projects supported by an innovation program in a meaningful way.Design/methodology/approachProvides a concise description of the Israeli innovation incubators program and presents the characteristics of the data available. Introduces the analysis methodology and describes in detail its application to the specific data set and the classification scheme that it induces. Discusses the information that can be obtained based on this classification, and outlines some policy implications. Concludes with remarks regarding possible applications and extensions of the methodology.FindingsFinds that the classification induced by the iterative category exclusion (ICE) procedure can serve as the basis for more sophisticated analysis using statistical tools such as regression analysis. Once the relevant categorization is obtained, it becomes easier to collect meaningful data about incubator performance for analysis at various levels of aggregation. The ICE procedure has the advantage that it does not give a priori preference to any category or to any relationship between categories, and does not require a priori identification of the categories that are to be kept and those that are to be deleted. Further, it does not need to classify categories under headings such as “scientific and technological” on the one side, and “sector applications” on the other. Both are seen as equal from the beginning to the end and thus avoid any bias in the process. The subjectivity inherent in the selection process is reduced, perhaps even eliminated. The same values provided the basis for the identification and quantification of overlap and proximities between the final categories, throwing some light on their mutual dependencies and interactions and leading to a level of representation from which strategic assessment and thinking can start.Originality/valueThe core principle of ICE is to eliminate categories that do not convey sufficient information to justify the additional complexity. This principle is universal and can be applied to a wide variety of situations that suffer from too much data and not enough information.
Nitric oxide emission from tobacco leaves and cell suspensions: rate limiting factors and evidence for the involvement of mitochondrial electron transport
Authors: Planchet Elisabeth , Jagadis Gupta Kapuganti , Sonoda Masatoshi , Kaiser Werner M. 
Published: February 2005

SummaryQuantitative data on nitric oxide (NO) production by plants, and knowledge of participating reactions and rate limiting factors are still rare. We quantified NO emission from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) wild‐type leaves, from nitrate reductase (NR)‐ or nitrite reductase (NiR)‐deficient leaves, from WT‐ or from NR‐deficient cell suspensions and from mitochondria purified from leaves or cells, by following NO emission through chemiluminescence detection. In all systems, NO emission was exclusively due to the reduction of nitrite to NO, and the nitrite concentration was an important rate limiting factor. Using inhibitors and purified mitochondria, mitochondrial electron transport was identified as a major source for reduction of nitrite to NO, in addition to NR. NiR and xanthine dehydrogenase appeared to be not involved. At equal respiratory activity, mitochondria from suspension cells had a much higher capacity to produce NO than leaf mitochondria. NO emission in vivo by NiR‐mutant leaves (which was not nitrite limited) was proportional to photosynthesis (high in light +CO2, low in light −CO2, or in the dark). With most systems including mitochondrial preparations, NO emission was low in air (and darkness for leaves), but high under anoxia (nitrogen). In contrast, NO emission by purified NR was not much different in air and nitrogen. The low aerobic NO emission of darkened leaves and cell suspensions was not due to low cytosolic NADH, and appeared only partly affected by oxygen‐dependent NO scavenging. The relative contribution of NR and mitochondria to nitrite‐dependent NO production is estimated.
Homogeneous Ice Nucleation in Subtropical and Tropical Convection and Its Influence on Cirrus Anvil Microphysics
Authors: Heymsfield Andrew J. , Miloshevich Larry M. , Schmitt Carl , Bansemer Aaron , Twohy Cynthia , Poellot Michael R. , Fridlind Ann , Gerber Hermann 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
This study uses a unique set of microphysical measurements obtained in a vigorous, convective updraft core at temperatures between −33° and −36°C, together with a microphysical model, to investigate the role of homogeneous ice nucleation in deep tropical convection and how it influences the microphysical properties of the associated cirrus anvils. The core and anvil formed along a sea-breeze front during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL–FACE).
The updraft core contained two distinct regions as traversed horizontally: the upwind portion of the core contained droplets of diameter 10–20 μm in concentrations of around 100 cm−3 with updraft speeds of 5–10 m s−1; the downwind portion of the core was glaciated with high concentrations of small ice particles and stronger updrafts of 10–20 m s−1. Throughout the core, rimed particles up to 0.6-cm diameter were observed. The anvil contained high concentrations of both small particles and large aggregates.
Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the air sampled in the updraft core was mixed with air from higher altitudes that descended along the upwind edge of the cloud in an evaporatively driven downdraft, introducing free-tropospheric cloud condensation nuclei into the updraft below the aircraft sampling height. Farther downwind in the glaciated portion of the core, the entrained air contained high concentrations of ice particles that inhibit droplet formation and homogeneous nucleation.
Calculations of droplet and ice particle growth and homogeneous ice nucleation are used to investigate the influence of large ice particles lofted in updrafts from lower levels in this and previously studied tropical ice clouds on the homogeneous nucleation process. The preexisting large ice particles act to suppress homogeneous nucleation through competition via diffusional and accretional growth, mainly when the updrafts are &lt; 5 m s−1. In deep convective updrafts &gt; 5–10 m s−1, the anvil is the depository for the small, radiatively important ice particles (homogeneously nucleated) and the large ice particles from below (heterogeneously or secondarily produced, or recycled).
Information Theory and Predictability for Low-Frequency Variability
Authors: Abramov Rafail , Majda Andrew , Kleeman Richard 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA predictability framework, based on relative entropy, is applied here to low-frequency variability in a standard T21 barotropic model on the sphere with realistic orography. Two types of realistic climatology, corresponding to different heights in the troposphere, are used. The two dynamical regimes with different mixing properties, induced by the two types of climate, allow the testing of the predictability framework in a wide range of situations. The leading patterns of empirical orthogonal functions, projected onto physical space, mimic the large-scale teleconnections of observed flow, in particular the Arctic Oscillation, Pacific–North American pattern, and North Atlantic Oscillation. In the ensemble forecast experiments, relative entropy is utilized to measure the lack of information in three different situations: the lack of information in the climate relative to the forecast ensemble, the lack of information by using only the mean state and variance of the forecast ensemble, and information flow—the time propagation of the lack of information in the direct product of marginal probability densities relative to joint probability density in a forecast ensemble. A recently developed signal–dispersion–cross-term decomposition is utilized for climate-relative entropy to determine different physical sources of forecast information. It is established that though dispersion controls both the mean state and variability of relative entropy, the sum of signal and cross-term governs physical correlations between a forecast ensemble and EOF patterns. Information flow is found to be responsible for correlated switches in the EOF patterns within a forecast ensemble.
Spider Peripheral Mechanosensory Neurons Are Directly Innervated and Modulated by Octopaminergic Efferents
Authors: Widmer Alexandre , Höger Ulli , Meisner Shannon , French Andrew S. , Torkkeli Päivi H. 
Published: February 2005

Octopamine is a chemical relative of noradrenaline providing analogous neurohumoral control of diverse invertebrate physiological processes. There is also evidence for direct octopaminergic innervation of some insect peripheral tissues. Here, we show that spider peripheral mechanoreceptors are innervated by octopamine-containing efferents. The mechanosensory neurons have octopamine receptors colocalized with synapsin labeling in the efferent fibers. In addition, octopamine enhances the electrical response of the sensory neurons to mechanical stimulation.Spider peripheral mechanosensilla receive extensive efferent innervation. Many efferent fibers in the legs ofCupiennius saleiare GABAergic, providing inhibitory control of sensory neurons, but there is also evidence for other neurotransmitters. We used antibody labeling to show that some efferents contain octopamine and that octopamine receptors are concentrated on the axon hillocks and proximal soma regions of all mechanosensory neurons in the spider leg. Synaptic vesicles in efferent neurons were concentrated in similar areas.Octopamine, or its precursor tyramine, increased responses of mechanically stimulated filiform (trichobothria) leg hairs. This effect was blocked by the octopamine antagonist phentolamine. The octopamine-induced modulation was mimicked by 8-Br-cAMP, a cAMP analog, and blocked by Rp-cAMPS, a protein kinase A inhibitor, indicating that spider octopamine receptors activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP concentration.Frequency response analysis showed that octopamine increased the sensitivity of the trichobothria neurons over a broad frequency range. Thus, the major effect of octopamine is to increase its overall sensitivity to wind-borne signals from sources such as flying insect prey or predators.
A48G polymorphism in the D1 receptor genes associated with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Severino Giovanni , Congiu Donatella , Serreli Claudia , De Lisa Roberto , Chillotti Caterina , Del Zompo Maria , Piccardi Maria Paola 
Published: February 2005

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence point to a role for dopamine in mood disorders and, in particular, in bipolar disorders. In line with a considerable amount of evidence, the dopamine D1 receptor gene (DRD1) is considered to be a good candidate gene for bipolar disorders. Several studies did not find any association between bipolar 1 patients and DRD1. In this study, we investigate a possible association between BP disorder and −48A/G polymorphism of the DRD1. We genotyped 107 bipolar 1 patients and 129 healthy control subjects of exclusively Sardinian descent. A statistically significant difference in genotype (χ2 = 6.29, df = 2, P = 0.042) and allele (χ2 = 5.46, df=1, P = 0.019; OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.08–2.16) frequencies was found, suggesting an association between the DRD1 gene and bipolar I disorder (BP I) in the Sardinian population. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of RS‐8359, a selective and reversible MAO‐A inhibitor, by species‐dependent drug‐metabolizing enzymes
Authors: Takasaki Wataru , Yamamura Mayumi , Nozaki Akiko , Nitanai Takashi , Sasahara Kunihiro , Itoh Kunio , Tanaka Yorihisa 
Published: February 2005

AbstractRS‐8359, (±)‐4‐(4‐cyanoanilino)‐5,6‐dihydro‐7‐hydroxy‐7H‐cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine selectively and reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A). After oral administration of rac‐RS‐8359 to rats, mice, dogs, monkeys, and humans, plasma concentrations of the (R)‐enantiomer were greatly higher than were those of the (S)‐enantiomer in all species studied. The AUC(R) to AUC(S) ratios were 2.6 in rats, 3.8 in mice, 31 in dogs, and 238 in monkeys, and the (S)‐enantiomer was almost negligible in human plasma. After intravenous administration of RS‐8359 enantiomers to rats, the pharmacokinetic parameters showed that the (S)‐enantiomer had a 2.7‐fold greater total clearance (CLt) and a 70% shorter half‐life (t1/2) than those for the (R)‐enantiomer but had no difference in distribution volume (Vd). No significant difference in the intestinal absorption rate was observed. The principal metabolites were the 2‐keto form, possibly produced by aldehyde oxidase, the cis‐diol form, and the 2‐keto‐cis‐diol form produced by cytochrome P450 in rats, the cis‐diol form in mice, RS‐8359 glucuronide in dogs, and the 2‐keto form in monkeys and humans. Thus, the rapid disappearance of the (S)‐enantiomer from the plasma was thought to be due to the rapid metabolism of the (S)‐enantiomer by different drug‐metabolizing enzymes, depending on species. Chirality 17:135–141, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assignment of absolute configuration of 3‐hydroxy β‐lactams by the NMR “mix and shake” method
Authors: Yang Yan , Kayser Margaret M. , Hooper Donald 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe absolute configurations of several 3‐hydroxy β‐lactams were assigned by the NMR “mix and shake” methodology developed by Riguera and co‐workers. The results from the NMR study correlated perfectly with the absolute configurations obtained from X‐ray crystallographic structure analyses and chiral‐phase HPLC data. Chirality 17:131–134, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Mosher's method for absolute configuration assignment and resolution of 2‐hydroxypyrrolizidinones
Authors: Cordero Franca M. , Pisaneschi Federica , Salvati Maria , Valenza Silvia , Faggi Cristina , Brandi Alberto 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDerivatization of racemic 2‐hydroxypyrrolizidinones with S‐(+)‐α‐methoxy‐α‐trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride (MTPA‐Cl) was successfully used for enantiomer separation and absolute configuration assignment. Chirality 17:149–153, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.