bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which statistical formats facilitate what decisions? The perception and influence of different statistical information formats
Authors: Brase Gary L. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractResearch suggesting both a superiority of frequencies over single‐event probabilities and of smaller reference classes over very large reference classes have utilized tasks that vary in computational complexity. The present research sought to simply and directly evaluate if—apart from simplifying statistical inference tasks—frequencies and small reference classes are clearer than other formats. After eliminating possible computational confounds, simple frequencies (based on small reference classes, e.g. 1/3) and to some extent relative frequencies (percentages, e.g. 33%) were perceived as clearer than absolute frequencies (based on very large reference classes, e.g. 90 million Americans) and single‐event probabilities (e.g. 0.33). Concurrently, these different formats were evaluated in terms of their relative influence. Absolute frequencies were relatively more persuasive for smaller magnitudes (e.g. 2.7 million) but less persuasive for larger magnitudes (e.g. 267 million), as compared to analogous presentations. Single‐event probabilities were judged to minimize the significance of information. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What we want to do versus what we think we should do: an empirical investigation of intrapersonal conflict
Authors: O'Connor Kathleen M. , De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Schroth Holly , Barry Bruce , Lituchy Terri R. , Bazerman Max H. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractPeople often feel torn between what they want to do and what they believe they should do. As a result, they experience intrapersonal conflict. For example, people know that they should avoid credit card debt, but they want to splurge on just one more purchase. Following Loewenstein's (1996) temporal perspective to understanding internal conflict and inconsistency, we offer three studies that empirically demonstrate (1) a distinction between the want self and the should self, (2) that behavior is more closely linked to the want self, (3) that the want self is the self that is temporally inconsistent, and (4) that adopting a want versus should perspective can have a significant impact on actual behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental analysis of decision channeling by restrictive information display
Authors: Tabatabaei Manouchehr 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of restrictive information display on decision performance. Specifically the study examines whether two‐channeled and one non‐channeled computerized information display systems result in significant differences in decision accuracy. The two‐channeled information display systems are designed to encourage two general information processing patterns commonly observed in the experimental literature examining multi‐alternative, multi‐attribute choice decisions: information processing by alternative and information processing by attribute. An information display program was developed which used restrictive information display to operationalize the channeled versus non‐channeled manipulation. Channeling was implemented either by displaying information only by alternative or by displaying information only by attribute. The task was an operations scheduling problem that subjects completed under three levels of time pressure. The results indicate statistically significant effects on decision accuracy for both the type of information display and time pressure manipulations. The highest decision accuracy was observed when information was displayed by alternative and when subjects were under highest levels of time pressure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reasons for sequence preferences
Authors: Read Daniel , Powell Melanie 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMuch research shows that when it comes to preferences over sequences of money, such as a monthly paycheck, people do not always maximize present value. Rather, they often choose the lower‐valued of a pair of sequences, especially when it has attractive properties such as an increasing trend. To unearth the reasons for sequence preferences we conducted a verbal‐protocol analysis of choices between money sequences, including lifetime and one‐year earnings and one‐year lottery winnings, as well as lifetime health sequences. Participants thought aloud while choosing between visual representations of sequences. Their verbalizations contained reference to a wide range of previously hypothesized, as well as new, reasons for choice. These reasons were also correlated in sensible ways with the choices made. There was some evidence of solid economic reasoning (which we called maximization), although this was largely restricted to choices for one‐year earnings. More commonly, respondents did not distinguish between earnings and consumption, and thought about money as if they would automatically spend it at the rate it was received. This meant the most frequently given reason was what we called appropriateness—how well the money received at a given point matched the desired consumption at that point. Other common explanations include the expectedness of a sequence (we argue this is mediated by appropriateness), the way that parts of the sequence constitute reference points for other parts, and the ease with which incoming money can be managed (convenience). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral karyotyping identifies recurrent complex rearrangements of chromosomes 8, 17, and 20 in osteosarcomas
Authors: Bayani Jane , Zielenska Maria , Pandita Ajay , Al‐Romaih Khaldoun , Karaskova Jana , Harrison Karen , Bridge Julia A. , Sorensen Poul , Thorner Paul , Squire Jeremy A. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractConventional cytogenetic studies have shown that osteosarcomas (OSs) are often highly aneuploid, with a large number of both structural and numerical chromosomal alterations. To investigate the complexity of OS karyotypes in detail, we applied spectral karyotyping (SKY) to a series of 14 primary OS tumors and four established OS cell lines. A total of 531 rearrangements were identified by SKY, of which 300 breakpoints could be assigned to a specific chromosome band. There was an average of 38.5 breakpoints identified by SKY per primary tumor. Chromosome 20 was involved in a disproportionately high number of structural rearrangements, with 38 different aberrations being detected. Chromosomal rearrangements between chromosomes 20 and 8 were evident in four tumors. FISH analysis using a 20q13 subtelomeric probe identified frequent involvement of 20q in complex structural rearrangements of OS cell lines. Characterization of the structural aberrations of chromosomes 8 and 17 by use of SKY demonstrated frequent duplication or partial gains of chromosome bands 8q23–24 and 17p11–13. Other chromosomes frequently involved in structural alteration were chromosomes 1 (47 rearrangements) and 6 (38 rearrangements). Centromeric rearrangements often involving chromosomes 1, 6, 13, 14, 17, and 20 were present. Four of the 14 primary OS tumors were characterized by nonclonal changes that included both structural and numerical alterations. In summary, OS tumors have a very high frequency of structural and numerical alterations, compounded by gross changes in ploidy. This intrinsic karyotype instability leads to a diversity of rearrangements and the acquisition of composite chromosomal rearrangements, with the highest frequency of alteration leading to gain of 8q23–24 and 17p11–13 and rearrangement of 20q. These findings suggest that specific sequences mapping to these chromosomal regions will likely have a role in the development and progression of OS. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular characterization of a 7p15–21 homozygous deletion in a Wilms tumor
Authors: Sossey‐Alaoui Khalid , Vieira Luís , David Dezso , Boavida Maria G. , Cowell John K. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRecent molecular studies have shown a relatively high rate of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at band 7p15–21 in Wilms tumor. We previously reported that the minimal common region of LOH was located between markers D7S517 and D7S503 in bands 7p15–21. We also reported the identification of one Wilms tumor (GOS44) bearing a homozygous, interstitial deletion at a locus within this region. Homogeneous primary cell cultures have been derived from this tumor and have been used for all the subsequent analyses. Using PCR and a panel of STS markers mapping between D7S517 and D7S503, the physical boundaries of the homozygous deletion were determined to be between D7S638 and D7S644. The deleted region spans approximately 3 Mbp of genomic sequence and includes seven known genes (KIAA0744, KIAA0713, AHR, AGR2, NET6, HSPC028, and DGKB.) as well as five predicted genes with similarities to genes of known function (LOC‐91802, ‐116364, ‐96009, ‐92511, and ‐92512). The proximal breakpoint was found to lie between exon 6 and exon 7 of KIAA0744, and the distal breakpoint lay between exon 17 and exon 18 of DGKB. It is unlikely that a functional fusion gene product was generated as a consequence of the fusion between these two genes, because they are oriented in opposite directions on the chromosome. This is the only reported homozygous deletion recorded so far in Wilms tumor, and it provides the means to identify the tumor‐suppressor gene located in this deletion. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methylation profile of the MLH1 promoter region and their relationship to colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Miyakura Yasuyuki , Sugano Kokichi , Konishi Fumio , Fukayama Noriko , Igarashi Seiji , Kotake Kenjiro , Matsui Takashi , Koyama Yasuo , Maekawa Masato , Nagai Hideo 
Published: December 2002

AbstractMethylation of the MLH1 promoter region has been suggested to be a principal mechanism of gene inactivation in sporadic microsatellite instability (MSI)–positive colorectal carcinoma. Recently, we have shown a novel methylation profile of the MLH1 promoter region (i.e., full, partial, and no methylation), among which full methylation was strongly associated with MSI. In this study, to confirm whether methylation requires the involvement of both alleles, we studied the MLH1 promoter region concerning the methylation profile and allelic loss. Furthermore, we studied correlations of methylation profiles with genetic alternations such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the TP53 locus and KRAS mutation. Eighty‐eight tumors were classified as full (n = 14), partial (n = 26), and no methylation (n = 48). Full methylation was observed in 78% (14/18) of high‐frequency MSI, in which all CpG sites in the promoter region were methylated. Full methylation differed significantly from partial methylation regarding absence of TP53 LOH (0/12) and KRAS mutation (0/14). In cases with full methylation, we could show biallelic methylation by use of a single‐base nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter. However, this did not accompany LOH of the MLH1 locus. In contrast, there were no significant differences in molecular features between partial and no methylation, except for low frequencies of LOH of the MLH1 locus (P = 0.02). In conclusion, biallelic extensive methylation of the MLH1 promoter region plays a significant role in gene inactivation and is independent of KRAS mutation and TP53 LOH. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel chromosomal inversion at 11q23 in infant acute myeloid leukemia fuses MLL to CALM, a gene that encodes a clathrin assembly protein
Authors: Wechsler Daniel S. , Engstrom Lars D. , Alexander Brian M. , Motto David G. , Roulston Diane 
Published: December 2002

AbstractRearrangements involving the MLL gene at chromosome band 11q23 are common in infant acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs). We recently encountered an infant patient with rapidly progressive AML whose leukemic cells harbored a previously undescribed MLL rearrangement involving an inversion of 11q [inv(11)(q14q23)]. We used panhandle PCR to determine that this rearrangement juxtaposed the MLL (Mixed‐Lineage Leukemia) gene to the CALM (Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid leukemia) gene at 11q14–q21. The CALM protein participates in recruitment of clathrin to internal membrane surfaces, thereby regulating vesicle formation in both endocytosis and intracellular protein transport. Intriguingly, CALM has been identified in other cases of AML as a translocation partner for the AF10 gene, which has independently been found to be an MLL partner in AML. We identified the MLL‐CALM fusion transcript (but not the reciprocal CALM‐MLL transcript) in leukemia cell RNA by RT‐PCR. The predicted 1803 amino acid MLL‐CALM fusion protein includes amino‐terminal MLL domains involved in transcriptional repression, and carboxy‐terminal CALM‐derived clathrin‐binding domains. The genomic breakpoint in MLL is in the 7th intron (within the breakpoint cluster region); the corresponding CALM breakpoint is in the 7th CALM intron. In contrast, breakpoints in CALM‐AF10 translocations lie in the 17th–19th CALM introns (30 kb downstream); also, in these translocations, CALM provides the 5′ end of the fusion transcript. Together with its previously recognized association with AF10 in AML, the identification of CALM as an MLL fusion partner suggests that interference with clathrin‐mediated trafficking pathways may be an underappreciated mechanism in leukemogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusion of the NUP98 gene and the homeobox gene HOXC13 in acute myeloid leukemia with t(11;12)(p15;q13)
Authors: Panagopoulos Ioannis , Isaksson Margareth , Billström Rolf , Strömbeck Bodil , Mitelman Felix , Johansson Bertil 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe NUP98 gene at 11p15 is known to be fused to DDX10, HOXA9, HOXA11, HOXA13, HOXD11, HOXD13, LEDGF, NSD1, NSD3, PMX1, RAP1GDS1, and TOP1 in various hematologic malignancies. The common theme in all NUP98 chimeras is a transcript consisting of the 5′ part of NUP98 and the 3′ portion of the partner gene; however, apart from the frequent fusion to different homeobox genes, there is no apparent similarity among the other partners. We here report a de novo acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;12)(p15;q13), resulting in a novel NUP98/HOXC13 fusion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses, by the use of probes covering NUP98 and the HOXC gene cluster at 12q13, revealed a fusion signal at the der(11)t(11;12), indicating a NUP98/HOXC chimera, whereas no fusion was found on the der(12)t(11;12), suggesting that the translocation was accompanied by a deletion of the reciprocal fusion gene. Reverse transcription‐PCR and sequence analyses showed that exon 16 (nucleotide 2290) of NUP98 was fused in‐frame with exon 2 (nucleotide 852) of HOXC13. Neither the HOXC13/NUP98 transcript nor the normal HOXC13 was expressed. The present results, together with previous studies of NUP98/homeobox gene fusions, strongly indicate that NUP98/HOXC13 is of pathogenetic importance in t(11;12)‐positive acute myeloid leukemia. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel genes with somatic frameshift mutations within coding mononucleotide repeats in colorectal tumors with high microsatellite instability
Authors: Potočnik Uroš , Glavač Damjan , Ravnik‐Glavač Metka 
Published: December 2002

AbstractWe have systematically retrieved genes with coding mononucleotide repeats from sequence databases and analyzed them for mutations in tumors with high levels of microsatellite instability (MSI‐H). We found somatic frameshift mutations in 7/13 genes previously not analyzed in MSI‐H tumors. According to the frequency of mutations in MSI‐H tumors, these genes could be divided into genes with high coding mononucleotide repeat instability (CMRI‐H) and genes with low coding mononucleotide instability (CMRI‐L). CMR‐H genes were mutated in more than 9/38 and CMRI‐L in less than 4/38 of MSI‐H tumors. Four genes in our study were CMRI‐H and could thus possibly play a role in the development of MSI‐H tumors: TFE3 (9/38), TEF4 (12/38), RGS12 (11/38), and TCF1 (12/38). Our results suggest that systematic identification of genes with CMR in the sequence databases and determination of mutation frequency in MSI‐H tumors might be a powerful tool for identification of new molecular targets in the development of MSI‐H tumors. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion mapping on the long arm of chromosome 7 in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes
Authors: Gruszka‐Westwood Alicja M. , Hamoudi Rifat , Osborne Lucy , Matutes Estella , Catovsky Daniel 
Published: December 2002

AbstractSplenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a low‐grade lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly and circulating villous lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. It is considered to be the leukemic form of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). The genetic basis of this lymphoma type remains unknown. Conventional cytogenetic studies have identified frequent structural abnormalities of chromosome 7, in the form of translocations, mainly unbalanced, and 7q deletions. In this current study, we undertook deletion mapping of the long arm of chromosome 7 in a series of cases with SLVL. Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used in the first instance, followed by a study of loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The common area of deletion identified by FISH spanned from the YAC clone HSC7E1289 (mapping to 7q32.1) to in between YACs HSC7E195 and HSC7E648 (7q32–3). By application of 50 microsatellite markers mapping to the FISH‐CDR and to areas of deletion reported in other studies, four distinct hotspot loci were identified, with abnormalities present in 29–55% cases. In three of them, both LOH and biallelic deletions were found. The LOH in the majority of patients was noncontiguous. The presence of a high incidence of abnormalities in the established hotspot areas and in particular the finding of biallelic deletions is indicative of the existence of genes important for the pathogenesis of SLVL in these areas. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative comparison of the expression of EVI1 and its presumptive antagonist, MDS1/EVI1, in patients with myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vinatzer Ursula , Mannhalter Christine , Mitterbauer Margit , Gruener Helga , Greinix Hildegard , Schmidt Helmut H. , Fonatsch Christa , Wieser Rotraud 
Published: December 2002

AbstractThe EVI1 gene in chromosome band 3q26 exhibits a number of properties consistent with a role as an oncogene, and its expression is activated in most myeloid leukemia patients with, as well as in a minority of patients without, 3q26 rearrangements. A splice variant of this gene, MDS1/EVI1, acts as its antagonist at least in some tissue culture assays. We established real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTQ‐RT‐PCR) assays for these mRNA variants to compare their expression levels in a quantitatively reliable manner. EVI1 was overexpressed to highly variable extents in all patients with, as well as in 14% of patients without, 3q26 rearrangements. In some of these samples, MDS1/EVI1 was also transcribed at elevated levels compared to those of healthy controls. However, although the induction of MDS1/EVI1 was comparable to, or higher than, that of EVI1 in three of five samples with a normal EVI1 locus, this was true for only two of 13 patients with a 3q26 aberration. We further provide preliminary evidence that the RTQ‐RT‐PCR assay may be useful for disease monitoring in patients overexpressing EVI1. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Confusion assessment method in the diagnostics of delirium among aged hospital patients: Would it serve better in screening than as a diagnostic instrument?
Authors: Laurila J. V. , Pitkala K. H. , Strandberg T. E. , Tilvis R. S. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractBackgroundThe Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is an easy, four‐step algorithmic diagnostic test developed to detect delirium.ObjectiveTo determine how sensitive and specific the CAM is in diagnosing delirium when compared with fully operationalized criteria of delirium according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) editions III, III revised, and IV, and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th edition.MethodsA cross‐sectional study with blinded assessments was performed on consecutive elderly patients (>70 years) (n=81) in two acute geriatric hospitals in Helsinki, Finland. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and positive and negative predictive values of CAM were assessed with the DSM‐III, DSM‐III‐R, DSM‐IV, and ICD‐10 criteria of delirium used as reference standards.ResultsSensitivity rates of the CAM were proved to be only moderate (0.81–0.86) against all formal criteria of delirium. The specificity rates were lower (0.63–0.84), and far less than reported in previous studies using global assessment of the reference standard. Instead of the DSM‐III‐R, from which it is derived, the CAM seems more concordant with the DSM‐IV criteria of delirium. The likelihood ratio for a positive CAM test was 5.06 and for a negative test 0.23, when compared with the DSM‐IV.ConclusionThe CAM seems to be an acceptable screening instrument for delirium, but the diagnosis should be ensured according to the formal criteria of delirium, preferably by the DSM‐IV. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Apathy Inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Robert P. H. , Clairet S. , Benoit M. , Koutaich J. , Bertogliati C. , Tible O. , Caci H. , Borg M. , Brocker P. , Bedoucha P. 
Published: December 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study was designed to establish the validity and reliability of the apathy inventory (IA), a rating scale for global assessment of apathy and separate assessment of emotional blunting, lack of initiative, and lack of interest.MethodInformation for the IA can be obtained from the patient or from a caregiver. We evaluated 115 subjects using the IA, consisting of 19 healthy elderly subjects, 24 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), 12 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 60 subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD).ResultsInternal consistency, item reliability, and between–rater reliability were high. A test–retest reliability study demonstrated that caregiver responses to IA questions were stable over short intervals. A concurrent validity study showed that the IA assesses apathy as effectively as the Neuro Psychiatric Inventory apathy domain. In the caregiver‐based evaluation, AD subjects had significantly higher scores than controls, both for global apathy score and for the lack of interest dimension. When the AD patients were subdivided according to diagnostic criteria for apathy, apathetic patients had significantly higher scores than non apathetic patients. With the patient‐based evaluations, no differences were found among the AD, MCI and control groups. The scores in the patient‐based evaluations were only higher for the PD group versus the control subjects. The results also indicated that AD patients had poor awareness of their emotional blunting and lack of initiative.ConclusionsThe IA is a reliable method for assessing in demented and non‐demented elderly subjects several dimensions of the apathetic syndrome, and also the subject's awareness of these symptoms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.