bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Magnitude, Characteristics and Socio-economic Contexts of Witchcraft-Related Eldercides in Kenya
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel Sarpong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany eldercides in African societies are motivated by witchcraft beliefs. Yet, witchcraft-related eldercide remains an understudied criminological subject. The present study explores the scale, features and socio-cultural and economic contexts of witchcraft-related elder homicide in Kenya. A total of 94 media articles reporting the witchcraft-related killings of 136 older people in Kenya between January 2012 and December 2021 were perused. Key information about the victims and perpetrators and the circumstances surrounding each event/eldercide was collected and critically analysed. The data suggest that approximately 75% of witchcraft-related homicide victims in Kenya are 60 years old and above. Most victims were females (mainly widows) of low socio-economic backgrounds. All the cases occurred in rural communities, and the perpetrators were largely young adult males. Arson, slashing with a machete and clubbing/beating were the dominant methods used to kill alleged witches. Most killings were motivated by the belief that the victims caused misfortunes/calamities by witchcraft. However, witchcraft allegations and concomitant killings were sometimes weaponized to obtain the victims’ property/land. Because witchcraft beliefs are deeply entrenched in the culture and philosophy of the Kenyan people, the use of a multifaceted approach may be the most appropriate way of curtailing the problem.
Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe: a roadmap
Authors: Batani Dimitri , Colaïtis Arnaud , Consoli Fabrizio , Danson Colin N. , Gizzi Leonida Antonio , Honrubia Javier , Kühl Thomas , Le Pape Sebastien , Miquel Jean-Luc , Perlado Jose Manuel , Scott R. H. H. , Tatarakis Michael , Tikhonchuk Vladimir , Volpe Luca 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy research. This accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy production. Europe has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally, and the scientific community is eager to engage in this journey. We propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion reactor. The proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes: (i) the physics of laser–plasma interaction and burning plasmas; (ii) high-energy high repetition rate laser technology; (iii) fusion reactor technology and materials; and (iv) reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training programmes. We foresee collaboration with universities, research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser fusion. This project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser, plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and viable virus contamination of hospital emergency department surfaces and association with patient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status and aerosol-generating procedures
Authors: Roberts Scott C. , Barbell Elliana S. , Barber Douglas , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Heimer Robert , Jubanyik Karen , Parwani Vivek , Pettigrew Melinda M. , Tanner Jason M. , Ulrich Andrew , Wade Martina , Wyllie Anne L. , Yolda-Carr Devyn , Martinello Richard A. , Tanner Windy D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmergency departments are high-risk settings for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) surface contamination. Environmental surface samples were obtained in rooms with patients suspected of having COVID-19 who did or did not undergo aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). SARS-CoV-2 RNA surface contamination was most frequent in rooms occupied by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who received no AGPs.
An Author without a Nation: Fictional Renderings of Leopoldo Lugones in Argentine Literature
Authors: López Martínez Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines three novels that use fiction to revise the figure of the Argentine author Leopoldo Lugones: Ricardo Piglia’s Respiración artificial (1980), C. E. Feiling’s Un poeta nacional (1993), and César Aira’s Lugones (2020). These three novels present different portrayals of Lugones, which also mirror their opposing views of the Argentine literary tradition. Piglia, Feiling, and Aira look back at the so-called national poet when self-fashioning themselves as writers and outlining a literary project in a (post)dictatorial scenario. In a cultural field marked by the effects of state terror and neoliberal reform policies, these fictional renderings of Lugones become a means of reflecting on the political past and the future of literature. Ultimately, I argue that Respiración artificial, Un poeta nacional, and Lugones devise a figure of the Argentine author decoupled from the mission of consolidating a national identity that Lugones epitomized for nearly half a century.
Can a Thought's Whole Subject-Matter Be Itself? The Case of Pain
Authors: Goldstick D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEven if it cannot be found elsewhere, it does at least appear that logical infallibility, or incorrigibility, can be found in the belief that one is, or is not, in pain, as well as in the Cogito. But how could the existence of a (true) belief and the existence of the fact believed be the same existence? An answer is proposed. Sometimes a belief can be a desire.
A systematic review of antimicrobial treatment regimens and their outcomes in necrotising otitis externa
Authors: Lodhi Sirat , Timms Sara , Stapleton Emma 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundNecrotising otitis externa is a serious infection with minimal evidence underpinning its management. This review aims to synthesise published evidence of antimicrobial therapies and their outcomes in necrotising otitis externa.MethodsThe review was PROSPERO registered (CRD42022353244) and conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (‘PRISMA’) guidelines. A robust search strategy filtered 28 manuscripts into the final review. Antimicrobial therapy and clinical outcome data were extracted and analysed.ResultsPublished studies are heterogeneous, with high risk of bias and low certainty. Reporting of outcomes is poor and extremely variable. First-line therapy is most commonly in-patient (95 per cent) empiric fluoroquinolone (68 per cent) delivered intravenously (82 per cent). The lack of granular data and poor outcome reporting mean it is impossible to correlate treatment strategies with clinical outcomes.ConclusionRobust, consistent outcome reporting with reference to treatments administered is mandatory, to inform clinical management and optimise future research. Optimal antimicrobial choices and treatment strategies require clarification through prospective clinical trials.
Imaging Hadrian in Britain between Coinage and Sculpture: A New Digital Approach to the Study of Roman Imperial Portraiture
Authors: Calomino D. , Bologna F. , Wilson P.F. , Donnelly M. , Williams M.A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach to an old problem, the provincial reception of the image of Roman emperors. Applying 3D computer modelling, we captured the portrait features of Hadrian as represented on coinage minted for the British province, produced a 3D model from a coin and compared it with the bronze head of Hadrian found in London. The aim was to test the possibility, previously posited by other scholars, that the London portrait might have been produced by an artisan who used coin portraits of the emperor as his main – if not only – model. More generally, the paper examines the dependencies of coinage and sculpture on shared models and applies new technology to Roman portrait studies.
The computational and the representational language-of-thought hypotheses
Authors: Chalmers David J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There are two versions of the language-of-thought hypothesis (LOT): Representational LOT (roughly, structured representation), introduced by Ockham, and computational LOT (roughly, symbolic computation) introduced by Fodor. Like many others, I oppose the latter but not the former. Quilty-Dunn et al. defend representational LOT, but they do not defend the strong computational LOT thesis central to the classical-connectionist debate.
Putting relating at the core of language-of-thought
Authors: De Houwer Jan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Propositional representations are units of information with a relational content. Their relational nature allows for the six distinctive properties of language-of-thought representations. Putting relating at the core of language-of-thought also fits well with the idea that thinking and reasoning are instances of relational behavior. These propositional and behavioral perspectives can be combined within a functional-cognitive framework.
Linguistic structure and the languages-of-thought
Authors: Dupre Gabe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Quilty-Dunn et al. adopt a methodology for psychology connecting behavioral capacities to the format of the mental systems underlying them. This methodology opens up avenues connecting linguistic theory to comparative psychology. On the assumption that language structures thought, identifying the formal structure of human language can generate hypotheses connecting distinctively human cognitive traits to the distinctive structures of human language.
Processing to learn noncanonical word orders: Exploring linguistic and cognitive predictors of reanalysis in early L2 sentence comprehension
Authors: Hopp Holger , Schimke Sarah , Gastmann Freya , Öwerdieck David , Poarch Gregory J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo test the contributions of processing to L2 syntax learning, this study explores (cross-) linguistic and cognitive predictors of sentence reanalysis in the L2 comprehension of relative clauses among low-intermediate L1 German adolescent learners of L2 English. Specifically, we test the degree to which L2 comprehension is affected by L2 proficiency, reanalysis ability in a related, earlier-acquired L2 structure (questions), reanalysis ability of relative clauses in the L1, cognitive control, and cognitive capacity. In visual-world eye-tracking experiments, 141 adolescent German-speaking L2 learners of English selected target pictures for auditorily presented questions and relative clauses in the L1 and in the L2. The results showed a strong subject preference for L2 relative clauses. Learners’ L2 proficiency and their processing of object questions in the L2 predicted reanalysis for object relatives in eye movements, reaction times, and comprehension accuracy. In contrast, there was no evidence that cognitive control or working memory systematically affected the processing of object relatives. These findings suggest that linguistic processing outweighs cognitive processing in accounting for individual differences in low-intermediate L2 acquisition of complex grammar. Specifically, learners recruit shared processing mechanisms and routines across grammatical structures to pave a way in the acquisition of syntax.
Co-Production and Structural Oppression in Public Mental Health
Authors: Wilde Alana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCo-production, in the field of mental health, aims to bring together academic and clinical researchers and those with lived experience. Often, research projects informed by this methodology involve the meeting of opposing attitudes, whether to the legitimacy of psychiatry, determinants of mental ill health, or the most appropriate interventions. This has meant that whilst some have reported positive experiences of co-production, many people with lived experience of mental ill health, sometimes referred to as ‘experts by experience’ (EbE), report harms which have taken place or been perpetuated during co-produced research projects. In the literature, nearly always, this is understood as a kind of epistemic injustice in Miranda Fricker's sense. In this paper, I argue that whilst Fricker's view does provide a plausible explanation of what's at play, we can gain more insight into the structural factors which exclude EbE by applying a framework of epistemic oppression. By highlighting the systemic and structural factors which work to keep certain knowers and their contributions out of our collective epistemic resources, we begin to understand the enormity of the task required to redress injustices in our knowledge production systems.
Application of Deep Learning to Solar and Space Weather Data
Authors: Moon Yong-Jae , Lee Harim , Son Jihyeon , Sung Suk-Kyung , Yi Kangwoo , Jeong Hyun-Jin , Park Eunsu , Ji Eun-Young , Cho Il-Hyun , Lawrance Bendict , Lim Daye , Shin Gyungin , Lee Sujin , Rahman Sumiaya , Kim Taeyoung 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this review, we introduce our recent applications of deep learning to solar and space weather data. We have successfully applied novel deep learning methods to the following applications: (1) generation of solar farside/backside magnetograms and global field extrapolation based on them, (2) generation of solar UV/EUV images from other UV/EUV images and magnetograms, (3) denoising solar magnetograms using supervised learning, (4) generation of UV/EUV images and magnetograms from Galileo sunspot drawings, (5) improvement of global IRI TEC maps using IGS TEC ones, (6) one-day forecasting of global TEC maps through image translation, (7) generation of high-resolution magnetograms from Ca II K images, (8) super-resolution of solar magnetograms, (9) flare classification by CNN and visual explanation by attribution methods, and (10) forecasting GOES solar X-ray profiles. We present major results and discuss them. We also present future plans for integrated space weather models based on deep learning.
Study of Ionospheric behaviour during the intense geomagnetic storms in 24th solar cycle over different Latitudes and Longitudes
Authors: Malvi Bhupendra , Tripathi Sharad C. , Purohit P. K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn analysis of geomagnetic disturbances and global ionospheric electron density perturbations during the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic storm is presented in this paper. GPS observations from worldwide IGS stations are used and analysed through GPS-TEC analysis application developed by Gopi Seemala to get VTEC profiles. The St. Patrick’s geomagnetic storm covers the interval of 15-23 March 2015, when transient solar eruptions (a prolonged C9-class solar flare and associated CMEs on 15 March) and a strong geomagnetic storm during 16-18 March (Dst dropped to -223 nT) were reported. This geomagnetic storm led to complex effects on the ionosphere. The global maps have been created after analysing VTEC profiles at Low, Mid and High-latitudes over different longitudinal sectors. Major features of the positive and negative ionospheric storm development are observed in Asian, European and American Low, Mid and High-latitudes.
Gender and Political Seniority: Three Measures
Authors: Muriaas Ragnhild , Stavenes Torill 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article offers an innovative way of understanding gender balance in parliaments. Motivated by research documenting how newcomers are disadvantaged during their first term in office, while senior members enjoy certain privileges, we want to find out how common women are among senior members of parliaments. We launch an institutional approach comprising three seniority measures to study gender gaps in political endurance to find out whether, where, and when men are more likely than women to be parliamentary seniors. Our analysis using data from seven countries in Western Europe and two countries in North America (1965–2020) shows very high gender gaps across the three measures. Thus, despite an increased level of female representation, women still constitute a small part of the exclusive group of senior members of parliament. Our findings extend the research documenting that women and men largely have equally long parliamentary careers, emphasizing the need to understand gender balance in multidimensional terms.
Stress Constraints From Shear‐Wave Analysis in Shallow Sediments at an Actively Seeping Pockmark on the W‐Svalbard Margin
Authors: Singhroha Sunny , Schramm Bettina , Plaza‐Faverola Andreia , Domel Przemyslaw , Dannowski Anke , Cooke Frances , Bünz Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMechanisms related to sub‐seabed fluid flow processes are complex and inadequately understood. Petrophysical properties, availability of gases, topography, stress directions, and various geological parameters determine the location and intensity of leakage which change over time. From tens of seafloor pockmarks mapped along Vestnesa Ridge on the west‐Svalbard margin, only six show persistent present‐day seepage activity in sonar data. To investigate the causes of such restricted gas seepage, we conducted a study of anisotropy within the conduit feeding one of these active pockmarks (i.e., Lunde Pockmark). Lunde is ∼400–500 m in diameter, and atop a ∼300–400 m wide seismic chimney structure. We study seismic anisotropy using converted S‐wave data from 22 ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) located in and around the pockmark. We investigate differences in symmetry plane directions in anisotropic media using null energy symmetries in transverse components. Subsurface stress distribution affects fault/fracture orientations and seismic anisotropy, and we use S‐wave and high‐resolution 3D seismic data to infer stress regimes in and around the active seep site and study the effect of stresses on seepage. We observe the occurrence of changes in dominant fault/fracture and horizontal stress orientations in and around Lunde Pockmark and conclude minimum (NE‐SW) and maximum (SE‐NW) horizontal stress directions. Our analysis indicates a potential correlation between hydrofractures and horizontal stresses, with up to a ∼32% higher probability of alignment of hydrofractures and faults perpendicular to the inferred minimum horizontal stress direction beneath the Lunde Pockmark area.
Caribbean Marine Heatwaves, Marine Cold Spells, and Co‐Occurrence of Bleaching Events
Authors: Cetina‐Heredia P. , Allende‐Arandía M. E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMarine heatwaves (MHWs) and Cold Spells (marine cold spells (MCSs)) are events of extreme positive and negative temperature anomalies, that last 5 days or longer. These events have been diagnosed across oceans from sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and recognized to affect ecosystems' health worldwide. Some studies have focused on the extent, evolution, and drivers of specifically intense and long‐lasting regional MHW events. Although extreme temperature anomalies could lead to coral bleaching, mortality, and ecosystems' shift from healthy to barren reefs, no studies have focused on MHWs and MCSs in the Caribbean Sea. This study characterizes them in the Caribbean Sea, explores simultaneous thermal‐stress and coral response, and reveals prevailing environmental conditions during their occurrence. We use four decades of SSTs observed daily and a recently published database of worldwide coral bleaching events. We found bleaching events occurring simultaneously with both MCSs and MHWs, often with extreme events of mild intensity and typical duration. We find a positive long‐term trend in MHWs' frequency, consistent not only with global warming, but also with the Atlantic Meridional Mode. There is a clear seasonal signal with MHWs occurring more often in summer and MCSs in autumn‐winter. Our results suggest MHWs and MCSs development is related to El Niño/La Niña conditions, respectively. Finally, we identify intense extreme temperature events that span large areas as candidates for future studies on their dynamics. Our results are relevant for the development of MHWs and MCSs forecasts applied to conservation strategies and ecosystem‐based management of marine resources, particularly in reef systems.
Implicit Algorithm for Threshold Stream Power Incision Model
Authors: Braun Jean , Deal Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present an O(n) complexity and implicit algorithm for the two‐dimensional solution of the stream power incision model (SPIM) enriched by a discharge threshold term and taking into account variability in rainfall and thus discharge. The algorithm is based on the formulation developed by Deal et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jf004393) and the generalization of the FastScape algorithm (Braun & Willett, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.10.008) where the slope is approximated by first‐order accurate finite difference. We consider a variety of discharge thresholds that vary in their dependence on channel slope. The algorithm requires finding the root of a non‐linear equation using a Newton‐Raphson iterative scheme. We show that the convergence of this scheme is unconditional, except for a narrow range of model parameters where the threshold increases with the slope and for low discharge variability. We also show that the rate of convergence of the iterative scheme is directly proportional to the slope exponent n in the SPIM. We compare the algorithm to analytical solutions and to numerical solutions obtained using a higher‐order finite difference scheme. We show that the accuracy of the FastScape algorithm and its generalization presented here is comparable to other schemes for values of n > 1. We also confirm that the FastScape algorithm and its generalization to variable discharge + threshold conditions does not need to satisfy the CFL condition and provides an accurate solution for both small and very long time steps. We finally use the new algorithm to quantify how the existence of an erosional threshold strongly affects the length of the post‐orogenic decay of mountain belts.
A deformability-based biochip for precise label-free stratification of metastatic subtypes using deep learning
Authors: Hua Haojun , Zou Shangjie , Ma Zhiqiang , Guo Wang , Fong Ching Yin , Khoo Bee Luan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCellular deformability is a promising biomarker for evaluating the physiological state of cells in medical applications. Microfluidics has emerged as a powerful technique for measuring cellular deformability. However, existing microfluidic-based assays for measuring cellular deformability rely heavily on image analysis, which can limit their scalability for high-throughput applications. Here, we develop a parallel constriction-based microfluidic flow cytometry device and an integrated computational framework (ATMQcD). The ATMQcD framework includes automatic training set generation, multiple object tracking, segmentation, and cellular deformability quantification. The system was validated using cancer cell lines of varying metastatic potential, achieving a classification accuracy of 92.4% for invasiveness assessment and stratifying cancer cells before and after hypoxia treatment. The ATMQcD system also demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing cancer cells from leukocytes (accuracy = 89.5%). We developed a mechanical model based on power-law rheology to quantify stiffness, which was fitted with measured data directly. The model evaluated metastatic potentials for multiple cancer types and mixed cell populations, even under real-world clinical conditions. Our study presents a highly robust and transferable computational framework for multiobject tracking and deformation measurement tasks in microfluidics. We believe that this platform has the potential to pave the way for high-throughput analysis in clinical applications, providing a powerful tool for evaluating cellular deformability and assessing the physiological state of cells.