bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A - 178 Development and Psychometric Properties of an Abbreviated Version of the Identi-Fi: a Test of Visual Organization and Recognition
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra M , Iwanicki Sierra 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
There is a growing demand for efficient neuropsychological screening instruments to better triage referrals for more specialized evaluations. In particular, visuospatial problems tend to appear fairly early in Alzheimer’s dementia. The Identi-Fi: A Test of Visual Organization and Recognition is a reliable and valid measure of visual organization ability. Administration and scoring take 15 minutes, which precludes its use as a screening instrument. The current study aimed to create a brief version of the test for use in a standard screening battery.

Method
The normative sample participants (n = 901) and dementia clinical sample participants (n = 25) were administered the Identi-Fi.

Results
Item statistics were examined to develop short versions of the Visual Matching and Visual Recognition subtests with the goal of efficiently differentiating between the normative and dementia groups. Results yielded an 11-item VM (scores ranged from 0–11) and 11-item VR (scores ranged from 0–11) abbreviated subtest. Scores were then used in subsequent ROC curve analyses to determine appropriate cutoff scores with an intent to maximally balance sensitivity and specificity. ROC curve analyses were favorable for both subtests (i.e., AUC ≥ 0.85), with cut scores at ≤7 for VM and ≤ 8 for VR. Sensitivity values ranged from 0.76 to 0.80 and specificity values ranged from.79 to.83 for the measure.

Conclusion
Results provide preliminary evidence of an abbreviated version of the Identi-Fi to assist in dementia screening.
A - 181 Test Fairness and True Peer Norms for English Learners: a Validation Study of the Ortiz Picture Vocabulary Acquisition Test
Authors: Wong Jane Y T 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The Ortiz Picture Vocabulary Acquisition Test (Ortiz PVAT; Ortiz, 2018) incorporates English learners (ELs)’ lifetime exposure to English (LEE) in the assessment of ELs’ English receptive vocabulary. The current study aimed to examine the validity of the test and to provide support for the use of true peer norms that control for differences in LEE among ELs.

Method
An archival community-based dataset (N = 226; ages 2:7 and 18:11) drawn from the New York City metropolitan area was used to assess generalizability of Ortiz PVAT test scores, differences in standard scores obtained via traditional age norms vs. EL norms which account for LEE alongside age, and the predictive value of LEE.

Results
No significant differences in Ortiz PVAT performance was found based on gender or home language group membership, suggesting that the test measures receptive vocabulary in English in a fair manner across those demographic groups. Higher LEE was associated with better performance on the Ortiz PVAT. Significant differences in age-based standard scores with a medium effect size was found between monolingual English speakers and ELs with low or moderate LEE but not when LEE is accounted for using the EL norms. Lastly, an additional 18% of variance in Ortiz PVAT raw scores was accounted for by LEE above and beyond age, and LEE was found to exert more influence on test performance compared to age.

Conclusion
Results added to the existing fairness evidence for the Ortiz PVAT and supported the use of true peer norms to account for differences in LEE.
A - 184 Validity of the Infrequent Patterns of Performance Embedded Performance Validity Indicators in a Mixed Clinical Sample
Authors: Parks Adam , Reinhart Clare , Ecklund-Johnson Eric , Brunette Amanda , Spresser Carrie , Stroescu Ioan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Novel performance validity tests (PVTs) for the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), derived from infrequent patterns of performance (IPOP), were developed to examine invalid memory performance while reducing false positive misclassification. To examine their classification accuracy, these indicators were compared to several existing embedded PVTs in a mixed clinical sample.

Method
A chart review was completed for 75 adult outpatients (Mean Age = 52, Range = 19–85) referred to an academic medical center outpatient clinic for neuropsychological evaluation. Twenty-eight percent of the sample failed the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT), which was used as the criterion to indicate invalid performance. Several established embedded validity indicators were calculated from HVLT-R and BVMT-R scores, including the recognition discrimination index (RDI) and percent retention (PR), as well as the Reliable Digit Span (RDS) validity indicator. Classification statistics, including sensitivity, specific, likelihood ratios, predictive values, and overall accuracy, were calculated and compared.

Results
The HVLT-R IPOP had a higher overall classification accuracy (72%) compared to the RDI indicator (68%) while maintaining excellent specificity (97%). The BVMT-R IPOP had identical classification accuracy (75%) compared to the RDI and PR indicators with very high specificity (96%). Both indicators were more accurate than RDS (72%).

Conclusions
The HVLT-R and BVMT-R IPOP performance validity indicators produced adequate classification statistics when compared to existing embedded PVTs. Both indicators maintained excellent specificity, which is crucial in reducing false positive classification. Future research will focus on further examining the validity of these indicators in other clinical groups and known groups, including medico-legal populations.
A - 186 Performance Characteristics of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology in a Diverse Community Sample of Social Security Disability Applicants
Authors: Meharg Stephen S , Greenwald Cassie , Calver James D 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Analyze performance characteristics of the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) in a diverse community sample of SSDI applicants.

Method
532 adult SSDI applicants providing research consent were administered the SIMS in conjunction with standard psychodiagnostic, intellectual, and neuropsychological assessments performed in a private practice setting. A broad range of ages and referring diagnoses are represented. Mean age was 42 years (SD = 13), with 56% female and 44% male. Based on the nature of the examination, WAIS (n = 47), WMS (n = 60), and Trail Making Test (n = 50) data were obtained, along with performance validity tests (PVTs) including Reliable Digit Span (n = 182), Dot Counting Test (n = 18), and Test of Memory Malingering (n = 70).

Results
No meaningful age or gender differences emerged across SIMS scores. The mean SIMS Total Score within this population is 22.9 (SD = 10.1). This compares to a suggested manual cutting score of 14–16 for detection of likely noncredible symptom reporting. 69% of this population produced SIMS Total Scores at or above 16, with 45% of the sample scoring 21 or above.

Conclusions
Established studies indicate a roughly 46% base rate of symptom invalidity in SSDI applicants. Standard SIMS cutoff scores when used with this population are likely to overestimate invalidity. Upward adjustment to 21 may be indicated for the SIMS Total Score when attempting to capture a portion of the SSDI population more likely to demonstrate symptom invalidity. Individual subscale performances and correlations with concurrently administered Wechsler scales and PVTs are reported, along with data limitations and additional areas of suggested research.
B - 01 Children with ADHD Demonstrate Cortical Thinning in Multiple Regions Compared to TD Controls
Authors: Bandel Lauren , Kibby Michelle 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often demonstrate functional and volumetric differences compared to typically developing (TD) children. These regions are associated with the deficits commonly seen in ADHD. However, there is limited research on cortical thickness in ADHD, and what does exist is inconsistent in its findings. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine potential differences in cortical thickness between children with ADHD and TD controls.

Method
Participants included 73 children (aged 8–12 years; 50.7% boys, 87.7% White) with ADHD and typically developing controls. It was a community sample. The children completed an MRI scan and a neuropsychological battery as part of a larger, grant-funded project (R03HD048752, R15HD065627). Group differences in cortical thickness were determined using CAT12 software.

Results
A t-test model was used for voxel-wise comparisons of cortical thickness between children with ADHD and TD controls. After aligning the MRI scans, the CAT12 software provides clusters of regions in which cortical thickness differs significantly between groups. Compared with TD controls, children with ADHD demonstrated reduced cortical thickness in three clusters in the left hemisphere and one large cluster in the right hemisphere (p &lt; 0.05; FWE corrected). The clusters included several frontal and parietal regions, along with occipital and temporal regions.

Conclusions
Results are consistent with findings from prior research comparing children with ADHD and TD controls using other neuroimaging methods, which displayed involvement of frontal–parietal and/or frontal-temporal networks. Furthermore, these regions are associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits commonly seen in ADHD, including various aspects of executive dysfunction.
B - 09 Neuropsychological Impacts and Cognitive Effects of Pediatric Leukemia Treatment
Authors: Aronson Rebecca , Stafford Claire , Garcia-Lavin Barbara 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
The current study seeks to investigate the neuropsychological and cognitive late effects of pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) treatment.

Data Selection
A search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted. Google Scholar was searched using keywords including neuropsychology, neuro-cognitive, neuropsychological effects, neuropsychological battery, neuropsychological impacts, cognitive effects, cognitive impacts, pediatric, pediatric leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment, bone marrow transplant, whole brain radiation, whole-body radiation, chemotherapy, cranial radiotherapy, health psychology, and neuropsychological testing. Articles were included if they discussed neuropsychology and ALL. Articles with non-human subjects and case studies were excluded from the study. Fifty-nine studies were included in the study.

Data Synthesis
Treatments for ALL result in impairments in working memory, reduced processing speed, attention deficits, executive functioning deficits, visual–spatial and visuomotor weakness, fine motor weakness, deficits in delayed memory, an initial decline in performance IQ, and a delayed decline in verbal abilities such as attention and reading.

Conclusions
The initial decline in performance abilities following a late decline in verbal abilities seen in patients who have undergone CRT may be due to structural changes in the white and gray matter following CRT treatment. Healthcare providers should attend to patients’ cognitive complaints, particularly as they pertain to patients’ ability to adhere to treatment recommendations and subsequently to their ability to resume attending school or social roles. As patient and parent complaints of cognitive compromise are associated with psychological distress and functional decline, cognitive complaints could justify further in-depth neuropsychological assessment to mobilize comprehensive supportive care or rehabilitative services.
B - 10 The Effect of Gestational Age on Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Devonshire Ashley , Tuinstra Kaitlin , Kuwabara Hana , Durham Peter 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Studies show individuals with comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have poorer emotional, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes. While preterm birth (&lt; 37 weeks) is an identified risk factor for ASD and ADHD, it is important to consider gestational age (ga) as it relates to the development of comorbid ASD/ADHD (ASD/ADHD). The current study aims to understand the relationship between level of prematurity (LoP) and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Method
Participants included 10,711 children/adolescents (52.5% male) from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. LoP was categorized as Extremely Preterm (36 weeks). Chi-square analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between LoP and neurodevelopmental disorder diagnoses as indicated in medical records. Logistic regression was also conducted to analyze the relationship between ga (weeks) and neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosis.

Results
1521 individuals were diagnosed with ASD (n = 537), ADHD (n = 778), or ASD/ADHD (n = 206); ga ranged from 22 to 43 weeks. Results indicated the relationship between LoP and diagnoses was significant, ꭓ2(9, 10,771) = 148.31, p &lt; 0.001. Extremely Preterm individuals were more likely than Full-term individuals to have ASD, ADHD, or ASD/ADHD. It was found that the odds of having a neurodevelopmental disorder decreased by 5.8% per 1-week ga increase (95% CI[−0.069, −0.048]).

Conclusion
Results indicate gestational age is associated with greater risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including comorbid ASD/ADHD. Improved understanding of the association between level of prematurity and comorbid ASD/ADHD diagnoses may help inform early intervention services enhancing children’s outcomes throughout the lifespan.
B - 11 Early Life Traumatic Brain Injury Constrains the Benefits of High Socioeconomic Status on White Matter Microstructure and Language
Authors: Elsayed Nourhan M , Barch Deanna M 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
We examined contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to change in language and white matter microstructure (WMM) during adolescence.

Method
Data are from 11,876 youth with baseline assessment (T1) and 24-month follow-up (T2) in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (general community sample). TBI data were from the parent-reported Ohio State TBI Identification Method. Language was measured using the NIH-toolbox picture-vocabulary test. TBI cases, with complete data, were nearest-neighbor propensity score matched with non-TBI cases considering handedness, income, race, age, sex, and diffusion tensor imaging quality (N-analyses = 141). WMM in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) was assessed using fractional anisotropy (FA). Analyses were conducted using nested linear models accounting for dependencies, age, sex, and handedness.

Results
TBI was not independently associated with language or WMM at T1 (mean age in months (MA) = 118.8) or T2 (MA = 142.8) (all p &gt; 0.05). TBI and SES interacted in association with T1 UF-FA (p = 0.03, CI = -0.05, −0.02). Low SES youth did not differ in T1 UF-FA. Among high SES youth, those without TBI had higher UF-FA (p = 0.04). A 3-way interaction between SES, TBI and change in UF-FA between T1 and T2 in predicting language emerged (p = 0.01, CI = 0.12, 1.06). Youth with moderate-to-high levels of UF change did not differ in language. For youth with low increases in UF, SES and language were positively associated only in youth without TBI (p = 0.0003).

Conclusion(s)
TBI does not have a direct effect on adolescent WMM or language but interacts with SES and WMM to blunt benefit of SES on language.
B - 13 A Written Stutter: a Case Study of Functional Neurologic Disorder
Authors: Gramling Laura , O'Connell Erin I , Peery Shelley 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Functional neurologic disorder (FND) is a broad diagnostic construct that encompasses many heterogeneous conditions. The defining characteristic of FND is that the affected individual experiences symptoms for which there is no known biological mechanism. Often the symptoms are attributed to psychological factors. FND remains poorly understood, despite increased efforts to elucidate neural and neuropsychological correlates. To date, there have been only a few case studies published on acute onset of dysfluent writing that does not result in dysgraphia and is not associated with a major neurological event (i.e., stroke, or traumatic brain injury).

Methods
A 17-year-old, right-handed, White, cis-gender boy was referred to an outpatient neuropsychology private practice with a complaint of acute onset and progressive dysfluent and effortful writing without dysgraphia. A comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation was undertaken, and the patient’s mother served as a collateral informant.

Results
Performance was grossly within normal limits with mild impairment in fine motor coordination. The patient evidenced a slowed, effortful writing style marked by initial hesitation followed by a smooth fluid motion. Clinical interview and measures of psychological functioning did not reveal any psychiatric conditions.

Conclusions
Parallels are drawn between this dysfluent writing style, which does not cause functional impairment, and a stutter. Neuroanatomical mechanisms are explored.
B - 19 The Role of Neuropsychology in Characterizing an Unidentified Neurodegenerative Disorder: an Adolescent Case Study
Authors: Sakallah Alaa , King Kelly 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
13-year, 9-month-old biracial female with no prior medical history presented with a new onset neurodegenerative disorder following a bullying incident. This case highlights the role of neuropsychology in the characterization of neurodegenerative disorders in a pediatric population.

Method
Patient presented with 4-week history of progressive ataxia, nystagmus, and poor memory. Concern for anoxic brain injury from the bullying led to an MRI showing T2 hyperintensity in the bilateral cerebellar peduncles, pons, and midbrain with a “hot cross bun” sign. A deletion in the EPRS gene was found, known to cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 15; however, this mutation was not thought to explain her condition. She was diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disorder, type unknown, and severe expressive language disorder.

Results
Educational evaluation (age 8) showed low average to average cognitive functioning. Current testing showed intact effort with impaired cognitive functioning and bilateral speeded fine motor dexterity. Expressive and receptive language skills were below average to impaired; speech was slowed and dysarthric. Verbal memory was impaired, but visual memory and executive functioning testing were intact. Parent ratings indicated below average to impaired adaptive functioning. Patient received therapy for the bullying trauma and exhibited no trauma symptoms at this evaluation.

Conclusions
Despite the unclear diagnosis, this patient experienced a significant decline in motor and speech/expressive language skills due to an unidentified neurodegenerative disorder. Neuropsychological evaluation also confirmed impacts on intelligence and receptive language and ruled out trauma and psychiatric contributions. This case highlights the role of neuropsychology in multidisciplinary work-up of an unidentified neurodegenerative condition.
B - 24 Neuropsychological Profile of a Child with ASD, ADHD, and Psychotic Features
Authors: Uy Naomi G , Weiss Erica , McGinley John , Stimmel Marnina , Bronshteyn Diana , Masur David , Facchini Ronda 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and psychotic traits, although highly comorbid, have rarely been studied in children. Existing research indicates that impulsivity, comprehension difficulties, and inflexibility are overlapping symptoms within the ASD and ADHD populations. Adult research shows high comorbidity estimates between ASD and psychosis. Here we describe the neuropsychological profile of a 14-year-old boy with diagnoses of ASD and ADHD with psychotic features. We highlight the value of comprehensive and flexible neuropsychological assessment while integrating detailed testing, behavioral observations, and collateral report.

Methods
Medical history of this child included late-term and breech birth with his first Apgar score at expected level and his second score falling below expected level. Delayed acquisition of developmental milestones, learning difficulties, speech difficulties, anxiety, and hyperactivity, were reported. Auditory hallucinations triggered by stress were observed during evaluation. Comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation requires nonstandard exploration of cognitive domains and time-limited testing sessions to acquire robust estimates of functioning.

Results
Overall cognitive abilities were in the borderline range with highly variable academic performances (extremely low to average). All performances were grossly below age level and were significantly impacted by auditory hallucinations but were consistent with the diagnoses of ASD and ADHD.

Conclusion
This case of a boy with ASD, ADHD, and auditory hallucinations demonstrates the diagnostic overlap among these conditions and the necessity for flexible neuropsychological testing, detailed behavioral observations and caregiver report in the assessment of overlapping clinical features. Multiple sources of data are required to identify patterns in symptomatology to inform differential diagnosis and comorbidities.
B - 25 Examining Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Performance by Primary and Testing Language
Authors: Carlton Jacquelyn , Hromas Gabrielle , Davis Jeremy 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Objective
Previous research has identified that MMSE scores vary by education raising concern that examinees with lower educational level may be inaccurately identified as cognitively impaired. Most studies, however, used the English MMSE and may not generalize to Spanish speakers. We compared MMSE scores in primary Spanish-speakers tested in English (S-E) with primary Spanish-speakers tested in Spanish (S-S).

Method
This project involved secondary analysis of de-identified National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center data. Cases with visit one MMSE data and demographics were included if the primary language was Spanish yielding a sample of S-S (n = 1514) and S-E (n = 346) participants. Coarsened exact matching derived a subset of S-E and S-S participants matched on age, education, and Clinical Dementia Rating global score (n = 630).

Results
In the overall sample, groups were not different in age, but education was lower in S-S (M = 9.2; SD = 5.1) than S-E (M = 12.9; SD = 5.1; p &lt; 0.001) participants. MMSE scores were lower in S-S (M = 22.4, SD = 7.1) than S-E participants (M = 23.7, SD = 6.2; p = 0.002). More S-S participants (45%) had an abnormal (&lt; 24) MMSE compared to S-E participants (38%; p = 0.02). In the matched sample, MMSE scores were not significantly different between S-S (M = 24.4; SD = 6.0) and S-E (M = 23.9; SD = 6.1; p = 0.30) participants, and rates of abnormal MMSE scores were not significantly different between S-S (32%) and S-E (37%; p = 0.16) participants.

Conclusions
Overall sample MMSE scores differed by test administration language groups, but group differences were not observed in the matched subset. Consistent with other research, educational level is associated with MMSE scores in Spanish-speakers regardless of test administration language.