bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Electrically Small Monopole and Slotted Array Antenna Design for Next-Generation Microwave and mm-wave Wireless Systems
Authors: Kamruzzaman M.M , Annadurai C , Nelson I , Nirmala Devi K , Ramkumar Raja Manoharan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a novel co-design approach for wireless applications, integrating mm-wave and microwave technologies. The design features two antennas where a slotted waveguide array is fabricated using 3D-printing technology with an AlMg10Si alloy resonating at mm-wave frequency band, while a printed monopole antenna resonating at microwave frequency band shares a common ground plane with the slotted waveguide array. The electrically small printed monopole is realized on an FR4 substrate, is suitable for WLAN bands, and achieves ease of integration with the antenna at the Ka-band owing to the low profile. The co-design approach is particularly advantageous for wireless applications as it enables the seamless integration of different frequency bands, enhancing system versatility and performance. The antenna achieves dual frequency band operation covering the Impedance bandwidth of 15.27% (5.08-5.92) and 14.56% (26.48-30.64) at microwave and Ka-band frequencies, respectively. The innovative use of materials and advanced fabrication techniques also underscores the design's potential for diverse high-performance wireless applications.&#xD;
Impact of bivariate gaussian potentials on quantum walks for spatial search
Authors: de L Marquezino Franklin , Santos Raqueline A M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quantum search algorithms are crucial for exploring large solution spaces, but their robustness to environmental perturbations, such as noise or disorder, remains a critical challenge. We examine the impact of biased disorder potentials modeled by a bivariate Gaussian distribution function on the dynamics of quantum walks in spatial search problems. Building on the Ambainis-Kempe-Rivosh (AKR) model for searching on a two-dimensional grid, we incorporate potential fields to investigate how changes in standard deviation and normalization of the bivariate Gaussian function impact the performance of the search algorithm. Our results show that the quantum walk closely mirrors the AKR algorithm when the standard deviation is small but exhibits a rapid decay in success probability as the standard deviation increases. This behavior demonstrates how the bivariate Gaussian can effectively model a noisy oracle within the AKR algorithm. Additionally, we compare the AKR-based model with an alternative quantum walk model using a Hadamard coin and standard shift. These findings contribute to understanding the robustness of quantum walk search algorithms, and provide insights into how quantum walks can be applied to optimization algorithms.
Confronting new NICER mass-radius measurements with phase transition in dense matter and twin compact stars
Authors: Li Jia Jie , Sedrakian Armen , Alford Mark 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The (re)analysis of data on the X-ray emitting pulsars PSR J0030+0451
and J0740+6620, as well as new results on PSR J0437-4715 and J1231-1411,
are confronted with the predictions of the equation of state (EoS)
models allowing for strong first-order phase transition for the mass-radius
(M-R) diagram. We use models that are based on a covariant density
functional (CDF) EoS for nucleonic matter at low densities and a quark
matter EoS, parameterized by the speed of sound, at higher densities.
To account for the variations in the ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 obtained
from different analyses, we examined three scenarios to assess their
consistency with our models, focusing particularly on the potential
formation of twin stars. We found that in two scenarios, where the
ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 and J0437-4715 with masses close to
the canonical mass ∼ 1.4 M
⊙ are significantly separated,
our models allow for the presence of twin stars as a natural explanation
for potential differences in the radii of these stars.
A global fit of non-relativistic effective dark matter operators including solar neutrinos
Authors: Avis Kozar N.P. , Scott Pat , Vincent A.C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We perform a global fit of dark matter interactions with nucleons
using a non-relativistic effective operator description, considering both direct detection and
neutrino data. We examine the impact of combining the direct detection experiments CDMSlite,
CRESST-II, CRESST-III, DarkSide-50, DarkSide-50-S2-Only, LUX, LZ, PandaX-II, PandaX-4T, PICO-2L,
PICO-60, SIMPLE, XENON100, and XENON1T along with neutrino data from IceCube, ANTARES, DeepCore,
and Super-Kamiokande. While current neutrino telescope data lead to increased sensitivity
compared to underground nuclear scattering experiments for dark matter masses above 100 GeV, our
future projections show that the next generation of underground experiments will significantly
outpace solar searches for most dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering interactions.
Evolving disorder and chaos enhances the wave speed of elastic waves
Authors: Ahumada M , Trujillo L , Marín J F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Static or frozen disorder, characterised by spatial heterogeneities, influences diverse complex systems, encompassing many-body systems, equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of matter, intricate network topologies, biological systems, and wave-matter interactions. While static disorder has been thoroughly examined, delving into evolving disorder brings increased intricacy to the issue. An example of this complexity is the observation of stochastic acceleration of electromagnetic waves in evolving media, where noisy fluctuations in the propagation medium transfer effective momentum to the wave. Here, we investigate elastic wave propagation in a one-dimensional heterogeneous medium with diagonal disorder. We examine two types of complex elastic materials: one with static disorder, where mass density randomly varies in space, and the other with evolving disorder, featuring random variations in both space and time. Our results indicate that evolving disorder enhances the propagation speed of Gaussian pulses compared to static disorder. Additionally, we demonstrate that the enhanced speed effect also occurs when the medium evolves chaotically rather than randomly over time. The latter establishes that evolving randomness is not a unique prerequisite for observing the enhanced transport of wavefronts, introducing the concept of chaotic speed enhancement of waves in complex media.
Corrigendum: Observation and modelling of asymmetric loading on large offshore wind turbines in wake conditions (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2767 092092)
Authors: Bernard V , Andersen S J , Murcia Leon J P , Beaudet L , Verelst D , Iliopoulos A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Optimizing gamma radiation shielding in Pr3+ doped boro-tellurite glasses: a study of attenuation properties and performance
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Verma Neetu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A series of Pr3+ doped boro tellurite glass samples are synthesized using melt quenching technique and investigated for their potential in gamma ray shielding applications. The amorphous nature of prepared samples is confirmed through X-Ray diffraction technique. The shielding characteristics of prepared glass samples were assessed by determining various parameters, including the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) across the energy range of 15 keV to 15 MeV. The significant decrease in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) for all the prepared samples indicates their enhanced radiation attenuation capabilities. Furthermore, it was observed that LAC values are nearly consistent in the energy range from 1.5 MeV<E<15 MeV, for all the prepared samples, demonstrating its independence from the atomic number of the sample. Additionally, HVL values decreases in the energy range from 8 MeV -15 MeV for all the prepared samples which underscores its exceptional efficacy in radiation shielding. This significant reduction in HVL indicates that the Pr3+- doped glass provides superior attenuation of gamma radiation, making it an excellent choice for applications where effective radiation protection is critical. A sharp peak at 40KeV is observed in Zeff graph showing the dominance of Te absorption edge. The higher values of Zeff at 0.6 MeV for all the prepared samples in this study are evident compared to those reported for lead borate, lead silicate, and lead phosphate in the literature. The current study highlights the effectiveness of the prepared samples as gamma radiation shielding materials.
Tribological behavior investigation of enset/sisal hybrid reinforced composites
Authors: Bekele A E , Lemu H G 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Easy availability, biodegradability and exceptional performance of natural fibers are among the attractive factors for their wide utilization. However, several factors such as fiber type, shape and size of fibers, fiber-matrix ratios, reinforcement orientation with respect to the loading direction, preparation method and type of treatment used highly influence their performance. The present study investigates the tribological behavior of polyester composites developed by hybridizing two locally available inexpensive plant fibers: enset and sisal. Both woven and unidirectional 5 wt% alkali treated hybrid fibers with 1:1 ratio was used to develop the hybrid composite using hand lay-up and compression molding. The tribological property was tested using pin-on-disc tribo-testing machine. The wear condition was studied in dry condition by varying the applied load (10, 20 and 30 N) and sliding speed (0.5, 1 and 1.5 m/s). Analysis of the morphology of the worn surface was conducted using 3D microscopy scanning electron microscopy images. The coefficient of friction and the wear rate results indicate the suitability of the selected hybrid composite for use as frictional material such as brake applications.
Finite element modeling and analysis of lightning protection poles using electrically conductive concrete
Authors: Yu X M , Cai W X , Wang P F 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to study the load-bearing performance of electrically conductive concrete lightning protection poles, a finite element model of electrically conductive concrete lightning protection poles was established and the deformation capacity and load-bearing performance of the poles were analyzed using ABAQUS software. The results show that the use of prestressed reinforcement can significantly improve the bending capacity and ultimate deformation of the pole. Increasing the reinforcement ratio and outer diameter of lightning protection poles can improve the bending load capacity, but increasing the wall thickness has limited effect on enhancing the bending load capacity of lightning protection poles. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the technical application of electrically conductive concrete lightning protection poles.
Investigating the corrosion rate and hardness of mild steel jointed by arc and CO2 welding processes
Authors: Mugwagwa L. , Pita M. , Lebea L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Corrosion is the degradation of materials, usually metals, owing to chemical reactions with the environment which results in a functional failure of components. This research paper investigates the corrosion rate and hardness of mild steel jointed by Arc and CO2 welding processes. Mild steel samples with double V-grooves were prepared prior to CO2 and arc welding processes. In this study, corrosion experiments were conducted to determine the corrosion rate of both samples, namely, weight loss and linear polarization method. Furthermore, the hardness test was conducted on welded samples according to the ASTM E384 standard. The results show that CO2 welding process produced the hardest weld of 193.3 HV, which was 26.4% harder than the arc welding process. The lowest corrosion rate was obtained for the sample welded by CO2 welding process and was reported to be 0.1817 mg/cm2.h.
Amplified summer wind stilling and land warming compound energy risks in Northern Midlatitudes
Authors: Zhang Gan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wind energy plays a critical role in mitigating climate change and meeting growing energy demands. However, the long-term impacts of anthropogenic warming on wind resources, particularly their seasonal variations and potential compounding risks, remain understudied. Here we analyze large-ensemble climate simulations in high-emission scenarios to assess the projected changes in near-surface wind speed and their broader implications. Our analyses show robust wind changes including a decrease of wind speed (i.e. stilling) up to ∼15% during the summer months in Northern Midlatitudes. This stilling is linked to amplified warming of the midlatitude land and the overlying troposphere. Despite regional and model uncertainties, robust signals of warming-induced wind stilling will likely emerge from natural climate variations in the late 21st century under the high-emission scenarios. Importantly, the summertime wind stilling coincides with a projected surge in cooling demand, and their compounding may disrupt the energy supply-demand balance earlier. These findings highlight the importance of considering the seasonal responses of wind resources and the associated climate-energy risks in a warming climate. By integrating these insights into future energy planning decisions, we can better adapt to a changing climate and ensure a reliable and resilient energy future.
Numerical investigation of indirect parallel PVT solar systems using MATLAB/simulink
Authors: Saidi Sirine , Brahim Taoufik , Jemni Abdelmajid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, an original numerical investigation of indirect parallel photovoltaic/thermal system integration using Matlab/Simulink is carried out. The added value is to evaluate the potential use of integrated PVT (Photovoltaic-Thermal) solar systems in residential applications and the possibility of controlling and investigating their performance to optimize the results under weather conditions throughout the year. A substantial number of annual simulations have been conducted to encompass the best performance using each control, with an emphasis on two configurations of cooling approaches. Results show that an optimal mass flow rate of about 0.0125 kg/s for both collector and storage tank pumps was found. For the direct cooling method, results reveal an increase in overall system efficiency of the order of 41.4%. In addition, the paper compares the PVT system with a stand-alone PVT collector, and the results indicate that integrated PVT leads to a relative improvement in electrical and thermal efficiency of about 7.89% and 24.62%, respectively.
Forecasting the electricity usage in single-family housings of a case study via kho-kho optimization algorithm
Authors: Guo Jun , Chen Maoyuan , Li Yuyang , Feng Sibo , Fu Guangyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, the consumption of energy has increased on an unprecedented scale, so it is of primary importance to forecast energy use via designing energy usage simulation systems. The challenge of energy management within buildings can have implications for energy management at a broader scale (national power grid). Furthermore, the application of various algorithms may enhance the comprehension of these dynamics. In this paper, a kho-kho-based Optimization Algorithm Numerical Moment Matching (kho-kho-NMM) method is employed for predicting the electricity usage in a set of single-family dwellings using the key features. Hence, for the residences that illustrate the systematic characteristics of the database, a group of indices including their correlated weights is obtained. The DesignBuilder software is used for developing the modeling of energy. By integrating these procedures, the buildings’ energy performance is evaluated in a case study, Toronto in Iowa. This method is able to be employed for making a small set of usual dwellings in order to demonstrate the energy performance in a far larger set of residences. A significant aspect of this research is its concentrated examination of private housing databases, positing that there are fundamental differences in energy consumption behaviors between residential and commercial structures. This can lead to identifying systematic relationships and reduces the complexity of calculations by focusing on a limited set of specialized housing types for energy behavior analysis within extensive datasets. The outcomes depict that the forecasted electricity usage within a year is 10,315 kWh being in 4% of the experimental data. What is more, the mean bias error (MBE) of the forecasted electricity usage over a month is 2.2% and the Deviation Constant with residuals (the Root Mean Square Error (DC-RMSE)) is 10.6%. Overall, the research findings can result in achieving a a methodology under virtually less calculation that can result in the outcomes’ conserved efficacy whenever the computing period and cost are decreasing.
The National Security Black Box
Authors: Deeks Ashley S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 1 explains why U.S. national security operations are generally less regulated and harder to oversee than other governmental activities, which is a problem for a democratic system. Even with traditional checks imposed by Congress and the courts, much that happens inside the national security arena remains a black box to outside observers. However, there are a burgeoning set of nontraditional secrecy surrogates, including foreign allies, technology companies, and U.S. states that can help chisel away at the black box nature of U.S. national security. The chapter shows how all of these actors can help reduce the opacity of the national security black box but cannot eliminate it.
The Algorithmic Black Box
Authors: Deeks Ashley S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 2 introduces basic concepts associated with AI, including machine learning and deep neural networks, and explains why AI tools are often considered “black boxes.” It considers why we are seeing a significant escalation in the use of these tools in national security settings, especially by the United States and China, and what advantages they provide over basic automation. The chapter identifies the most common critiques of AI, including a lack of transparency about how the systems work, a lack of accountability for their use, and the embedding of biases in algorithms due to flawed training data. The chapter then describes what we know about the current state of AI/ML tools at work within U.S. government agencies. The chapter argues that algorithmic black boxes, which are opaque both to the democratic public and to their governmental users, complicate our pursuit of the public law values of legality, competency, accountability, and justification.
The Double Black Box
Authors: Deeks Ashley S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chapter 3 brings together the concerns raised in Chapters 1 and 2 to illustrate how national security AI doubles down on the legality, transparency, efficacy, and accountability challenges that already attach independently to national security decisions and to the use of AI—thus creating a “double black box.” The chapter shows why the nontransparency of national security decisions due to classification will be amplified by the nontransparency of code. It argues that the difficulties in identifying executive branch errors and holding those officials accountable for unlawful national security decisions will be amplified by the challenges of deciding who is responsible for algorithmic errors. And it illustrates why both traditional and nontraditional overseers will struggle to understand advanced technologies. It uses a case study on cyber autonomy to illustrate the double black box. It concludes that the double black box poses real difficulties for democracies that seek to further legal compliance, provide sufficient oversight to executive actors, and hold the government accountable for its mistakes.
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Rat PASMCs Reveals the Underlying Mechanism for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Hou Jie , Liu Ke , Zhang Meng-Jie , Xu Xiao-He , Meng Fang-Fang , Wang Chen-Chen , Yang Ou , Zhao Lu-Ling , Wang Meng-Wei , Zhou Yun-Feng , Pang Xiao-Bin , He Yang-Yang , Kou Jie-Jian , Xie Xin-Mei , Zhang Hong-Da , Shi Jun-Zhuo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a kind of pulmonary vascular lesion characterized by vasoconstriction and reshaping of small pulmonary arteries, ultimately resulting in increased pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, and eventually leading to right ventricular failure and death. This study was aimed to construct a platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB)-induced rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) model and conduct a combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to identify proliferation-related targets, thereby enhancing understanding of the pathogenesis underlying PAH.

METHODS
Rat PASMCs were isolated and cultured in the presence or absence of PDGF-BB for 24 hours. Cells were collected for transcriptomics and metabolomics investigations.

RESULTS
A total of 1288 differentially expressed genes (572 up-regulated and 716 down-regulated) were identified in PDGF-BB-treated rat PASMCs compared to control cells. Subsequently, Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that 791 enriched GO terms were significantly enriched in PDGF-BB treated cells. Similarly, 294 differential metabolic pathways were enriched in PDGF-BB treated cells according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). It turned out that 7219 gene sets were more enriched in PDGF-BB treated cells. In addition, a total of 28 secondary differential metabolites were identified in PDGF-BB-treated rat PASMCs compared to control cells (p-value &lt; 0.05 and VIP &gt; 1).

CONCLUSIONS
We speculate that Mylk, Pla2g4a, Gucy1b1, Adcy8, Adcy4, Gucy1a2, Col3a1, and Plcb4 are potential targets for the treatment of PAH.