bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of high‐intensity, high‐frequency, non‐focused ultrasound parallel beams for facial skin laxity
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Biron Julie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundUltrasound energy has been used for dermal rejuvenation to treat fine lines, wrinkles and to lift lax skin. High intensity ultrasound waves induce thermal injury in the dermis, stimulating neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, utility, and safety of a novel ultrasound device that uses high‐intensity, high‐frequency, non‐focused ultrasound parallel beams to lift lax facial skin in the eyebrow, submental, and neck areas.Materials and MethodsFifteen subjects aged 40–69 years were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial. Two treatment sessions were performed with the high‐intensity non‐focused ultrasound parallel beam device followed by 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up visits. Treatment results were assessed by study investigators, evaluating baseline and posttreatment photographs by applying physician global aesthetic improvement scale. Pain was evaluated immediately after each treatment using 0–10 visual analog scale. Any adverse event that occurred during the study period was documented and examined.ResultsFifteen subjects with a mean age of 55 ± 2 years completed the study. Photographs that were taken at baseline and follow‐up visits were compared and examined. An improvement pattern was detected in all treated areas in both follow‐up visits and persisted stably throughout the study. The mean pain score was 5.6 according to the visual analog scale.ConclusionThe novel ultrasound device that uses high‐intensity, high‐frequency, non‐focused ultrasound parallel beam was shown to improve safely and efficiently facial lax skin resulting in eyebrow, submental, and neck skin lift while experiencing tolerable pain.
Acquisition, application, and distribution of health literacy from culturally sensitive type 2 diabetes education among Arabic‐Speaking migrants in Denmark: A longitudinal qualitative analysis
Authors: Andersen Anne Mette Juul , Jervelund Signe Smith , Maindal Helle Terkildsen , Hempler Nana Folmann 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundEffective self‐management of type 2 diabetes requires adequate health literacy (HL) and a supportive network. Diabetes self‐management education and support programmes play a crucial role in improving these factors. However, limited research exists on how such programmes can support health literacy among migrants and facilitate the dissemination of knowledge within their social networks.AimThis study aimed to investigate the perspectives of Arabic‐speaking informants with a migrant background in relation to how their type 2 diabetes‐related health literacy was acquired, applied and distributed within social networks through participation in a culturally sensitive diabetes self‐management education and support (DSMES) programme.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 12 informants during the programme and three to 7 months later, from September 2019 to May 2020. Abductive analysis was applied using HL and distributed health literacy (DHL) theory as frameworks.ResultsThe analysis generated three themes: (1) sources of health information and the development of health literacy; (2) changes towards active self‐management; and (3) distributed health literacy. Prior to programme participation, informants faced challenges in navigating conflicting information from family, friends and social media. After participating in the programme, they reported improvements in HL, particularly in knowledge acquisition. Many became more actively engaged in decision‐making and exhibited improved health behaviours, such as dietary choices. Nonetheless, some informants continued to struggle with choosing appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. Notably, certain informants acted as HL mediators, sharing their newly acquired knowledge within their social networks in Denmark and abroad.ConclusionCulturally sensitive diabetes self‐management education programmes have the potential to enhance HL among migrants, leading to the distribution of relevant diabetes knowledge within their social networks. Future studies should explore how members of migrants' social networks perceive their supportive role in type 2 diabetes management. Programmes can benefit from emphasising critical HL and exploring how participant‐informants effectively communicate diabetes‐related knowledge within their networks to address misinformation and conflicting information.
Modeling multivariate extreme value distributions via Markov trees
Authors: Hu Shuang , Peng Zuoxiang , Segers Johan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMultivariate extreme value distributions are a common choice for modeling multivariate extremes. In high dimensions, however, the construction of flexible and parsimonious models is challenging. We propose to combine bivariate max‐stable distributions into a Markov random field with respect to a tree. Although in general not max‐stable itself, this Markov tree is attracted by a multivariate max‐stable distribution. The latter serves as a tree‐based approximation to an unknown max‐stable distribution with the given bivariate distributions as margins. Given data, we learn an appropriate tree structure by Prim's algorithm with estimated pairwise upper tail dependence coefficients as edge weights. The distributions of pairs of connected variables can be fitted in various ways. The resulting tree‐structured max‐stable distribution allows for inference on rare event probabilities, as illustrated on river discharge data from the upper Danube basin.
How fear of Covid‐19 predicts differential attitudes between nonphysician healthcare workers and other essential occupations
Authors: Ng Gary Ting Tat , Chow Dawn Yi Lin 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe examine two competing hypotheses about how individual differences in fear of Covid‐19 influence attitudes toward nurses, hospital janitors and garbage collectors. On one hand, fear of Covid‐19 can predict less warmth toward nurses because fear may lead to avoidance and contempt. On the other hand, fear of Covid‐19 can predict greater warmth toward nurses because greater fear of Covid‐19 could alternatively imply greater cognizance of the contribution that nurses make, and the risk they undertake. Also, we hypothesize that fear of Covid‐19 does not predict greater warmth toward hospital janitors or garbage collectors. Findings of two studies (cross‐sectional and longitudinal) generally showed that increased fear of Covid‐19 (mainly on the psychological dimension) predicted greater warmth toward nurses, but not toward hospital janitors and garbage collectors. In the pandemic context, it appears that healthcare workers directly involved in patient care are not so much stigmatized, as appreciated, for their risk and contribution. However, other essential workers that are not involved in direct patient care appear less valued.
Monoclonal antibody cetuximab impairs matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cell migration in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro
Authors: Altamura Gennaro , Martano Manuela , Matrone Anna , Corteggio Annunziata , Borzacchiello Giuseppe 
Published: November 2023

AbstractFeline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is characterised by invasive and metastatic behaviour and is poorly responsive to current treatments, hence the need for new therapeutic strategies. FOSCC shares molecular targets with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), among these the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cetuximab is an anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody employed in the therapy of HNSCC and, interestingly, previous work in vitro suggested that it displays cytostatic and cytotoxic properties also against FOSCC. With the present study, we aimed at further investigating the effects of cetuximab on invasion and metastasis pathways proven to be relevant in human patients. To this purpose, FOSCC cell lines SCCF1, SCCF2 and SCCF3 were treated with cetuximab for 48/72 h and subjected to Western blot for matrix metalloproteinases‐2/9 (MMP‐2/9) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers vimentin, E‐, P‐ and N‐cadherin. Treatment with cetuximab resulted in downregulation of MMP‐2/‐9 in all of the three cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, cetuximab downregulated vimentin and P‐cadherin in SCCF1, upregulated E‐cadherin whilst downregulating P‐/N‐cadherins in SCCF2, and impaired P‐/N‐cadherins in SCCF3. An in vitro scratch test also demonstrated that cetuximab delayed cell migration in SCCF3. These data suggest that cetuximab mitigates invasion and metastasis processes by impairing MMPs and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways in FOSCC, indicating that this monoclonal antibody may help to counteract malignant progression and improve the management of locally invasive disease.
Predicting the Mechanical Behavior of Additively Manufactured Mechanical Metamaterials Using Point Cloud Representation Learning
Authors: Ye Zehao , Liu Xin , Peng Bo , Kan Chen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has been widely adopted to produce mechanical metamaterials for load bearing, energy absorption, and other applications in various industries such as aerospace, automotive, and healthcare. However, geometric imperfections largely exist in AM. Since the mechanical behavior of metamaterials is primarily dependent on their geometries, it is critical to evaluate how process-induced geometric imperfections affect the mechanical behavior of fabricated metamaterials. Most of the existing approaches for AM quality control concentrate on the detection of defects and are limited in their ability to assess defect-altered mechanical behavior of finished builds. Some studies leverage destructive tests or numerical methods for mechanical behavior assessment, which are costly and time-consuming, and impractical for high-throughput routine quality control. In this paper, a new machine learning framework is developed to predict the mechanical behavior of fabricated metamaterials based on their as-built geometries (represented as high-resolution point clouds). Specifically, the point cloud is first converted into an image profile, which preserves detailed geometric patterns. then, a deep neural network is constructed to encode salient features of the image profile and associate them with the load-deflection curve of the fabricated metamaterial. The effectiveness of the developed framework is experimentally validated through a case study with auxetic mechanical metamaterial. This work has great potential to be extended for in-process prediction of AM builds’ mechanical behavior based on layer-wise point cloud scanning.
Convolutional Dimension-Reduction With Knowledge Reasoning for Reliability Approximations of Structures Under High-Dimensional Spatial Uncertainties
Authors: Shi Luojie , Zhou Kai , Wang Zequn 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Along with the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing technology, 3D-printed structures and materials have been successfully employed in various applications. Computer simulations of these structures and materials are often characterized by a vast number of spatial-varied parameters to predict the structural response of interest. Direct Monte Carlo methods are infeasible for uncertainty quantification and reliability assessment of such systems as they require a large number of forward model evaluations to obtain convergent statistics. To alleviate this difficulty, this paper presents a convolutional dimension-reduction method with knowledge reasoning-based loss regularization for surrogate modeling and uncertainty quantification of structures with high-dimensional spatial uncertainties. To manage the inherent high-dimensionality, a deep convolutional dimension-reduction network (ConvDR) is constructed to transform the spatial data into a low-dimensional latent space. In the latent space, knowledge reasoning is formulated as a form of loss regularization, and evolutionary algorithms are employed to train both the ConvDR network and a linear regression model as surrogate models for predicting the response of interest. 2D structures with spatial-variated material compositions are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Structural characterization of M8C10, a neutralizing antibody targeting a highly conserved prefusion-specific epitope on the metapneumovirus fusion trimerization interface
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Wen Zhiyun , Chen Qing , Shipman Jennifer M. , Kostas James , Reid John C. , Warren Christopher , Tang Aimin , Luo Bin , O’Donnell Gregory , Fridman Arthur , Chen Zhifeng , Vora Kalpit A. , Zhang Lan , Su Hua-Poo , Eddins Michael J. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major respiratory pathogen worldwide. Here, we report the crystal structure of a neutralizing antibody M8C10 isolated from human B cells that targets the viral fusion protein (hMPV-F) trimerization interface. This is a novel prefusion-specific epitope that is highly conserved across hMPV strains and other related viruses. The interactions between M8C10 and hMPV-F are largely driven by residues on the light chain with most hypermutated light chain residues on or near the interface. This highlights the immune recognition of a buried trimerization interface during the
in vivo
affinity maturation process. In addition,
in vivo
cotton rat challenge studies were performed that show M8C10 provides strong lung protection against hMPV A viral challenge. The hMPV-F:M8C10 Fab structure reported reveals a class of hMPV antibodies in the human immune repertoire with a novel neutralization mechanism, targeting the trimerization interface of hMPV-F antigen.

IMPORTANCE
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections worldwide and can develop severe symptoms in high-risk populations such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. There are no approved hMPV vaccines or neutralizing antibodies available for therapeutic or prophylactic use. The trimeric hMPV fusion F protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies in human sera. Understanding the immune recognition of antibodies to hMPV-F antigen will provide critical insights into developing efficacious hMPV monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.
A live-cell ergosterol reporter for visualization of the effects of fluconazole on the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
Authors: Serrano Antonio , Basante-Bedoya Miguel A. , Bassilana Martine , Arkowitz Robert A. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Ergosterol, an essential plasma membrane amphipathic lipid, is a major component of the fungal plasma membrane. Most fungal pathogens are susceptible to azole drugs that target ergosterol biosynthesis, and resistance/tolerance to azoles is increasingly problematic.
Candida albicans
is the most prevalent etiology of candidiasis, and, in this fungal pathogen, ergosterol-rich sub-domains are likely to include sphingolipids, as well as specific membrane proteins, such as multidrug transporters. To investigate the dynamics of ergosterol during the cell cycle and whether drug treatment affects these dynamics in this opportunistic pathogen, we adapted the D4H (domain 4 of the perfringolysin O bacterial toxin) reporter for studying sterol-rich membrane domains. We show that D4H provides a direct readout for the cellular effects of fluconazole and that highly polarized ergosterol is not critical for budding or filamentous growth.

IMPORTANCE

Ergosterol is a critical membrane lipid in fungi. In
Candida albicans
, this essential plasma membrane amphipathic lipid is important for interactions with host cells, in particular, host immune responses. Here, we use a live-cell reporter for specifically visualizing ergosterol and show that apical enrichment of this sterol is not critical for budding and filamentous growth in this human fungal pathogen. Our results highlight that this live-cell reporter is likely to be a useful tool in the analyses of azole resistance and tolerance mechanisms, including alterations in drug targets and upregulation of efflux activities.
Diversity and Evolution of Mitochondrial Translation Apparatus
Authors: Baleva Mariya V. , Piunova Ulyana E. , Chicherin Ivan V. , Levitskii Sergey A. , Kamenski Piotr A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evolution of mitochondria has proceeded independently in different eukaryotic lines, which is reflected in the diversity of mitochondrial genomes and mechanisms of their expression in eukaryotic species. Mitochondria have lost most of bacterial ancestor genes by transferring them to the nucleus or eliminating them. However, mitochondria of almost all eukaryotic cells still retain relatively small genomes, as well as their replication, transcription, and translation apparatuses. The dependence on the nuclear genome, specific features of mitochondrial transcripts, and synthesis of highly hydrophobic membrane proteins in the mitochondria have led to significant changes in the translation apparatus inherited from the bacterial ancestor, which retained the basic structure necessary for protein synthesis but became more specialized and labile. In this review, we discuss specific properties of translation initiation in the mitochondria and how the evolution of mitochondria affected the functions of main factors initiating protein biosynthesis in these organelles.
Unusual case of sodium valproate-induced hyperammonaemia encephalopathy
Authors: Ranjith Shristhi , Abeysundera Hesitha , Jeyaranjan Hilary 
Published: November 2023

There is limited information about sodium valproate-induced hyperammonaemia encephalopathy (VPAIHE). The aim of this case report is to provide medical practitioners with a greater awareness of the possible development of hyperammonaemia due to sodium valproate use and its associated complications.This paper describes a middle-aged man with a history of bipolar affective disorder who was admitted with a manic relapse secondary to medication non-compliance. His admission was complicated by an intensive care unit admission to manage medical compromise in the context of sodium VPAIHE.
Untreated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and subsequent risk of cervical cancer: population based cohort study
Authors: Lycke Kathrine Dyhr , Kahlert Johnny , Petersen Lone Kjeld , Damgaard Rikke Kamp , Cheung Li C , Gravitt Patti E , Hammer Anne 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
To describe the long term risk of cervical cancer in women with untreated (that is, undergoing active surveillance) or immediately treated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2).

Design
Nationwide population based historical cohort study.

Setting
Danish healthcare registries.

Participants
Women with CIN2 diagnosed in 1998-2020 and aged 18-40 years at diagnosis, who had either active surveillance or immediate treatment with large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ). Women with a previous record of CIN2 or worse or LLETZ were excluded.

Main outcome measure
A Weibull survival model for interval censored time-to-event data was used to estimate the cumulative risk of cervical cancer. Inverse probability treatment weighting was used to adjust estimates for age, index cytology, calendar year, and region of residence.

Results
The cohort included 27 524 women with CIN2, of whom 12 483 (45%) had active surveillance and 15 041 (55%) had immediate LLETZ. During follow-up, 104 cases of cervical cancer were identified—56 (54%) in the active surveillance group and 48 (46%) in the LLETZ group. The cumulative risk of cervical cancer was comparable across the two groups during the active surveillance period of two years. Thereafter, the risk increased in the active surveillance group, reaching 2.65% (95% confidence interval 2.07% to 3.23%) after 20 years, whereas it remained stable in the LLETZ group at 0.76% (0.58% to 0.95%).

Conclusions
Undergoing active surveillance for CIN2, thereby leaving the lesion untreated, was associated with increased long term risk of cervical cancer compared with immediate LLETZ. These findings show the importance of continued follow-up of women having active surveillance.
Evaluating clinical outcomes and prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Lee Nerissa Hoi Ching , Kiddle Steven J , Chandankhede Shardul , Agrawal Shubh , Bean Daniel M , Hunt Phillip R , Parker Victoria E R , Greasley Peter J , Ambery Philip 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveCirrhosis describes the end-stage of chronic liver disease. Irreversible changes in the liver cause portal hypertension, which can progress to serious complications and death. Only a few studies with small sample sizes have investigated the prognosis of cirrhosis with portal hypertension. We used electronic healthcare records to examine liver-related outcomes in patients with diagnosed/suspected portal hypertension.DesignThis retrospective observational cohort study used secondary health data between 1 January 2017 and 3 December 2020 from the TriNetX Network, a federated electronic healthcare records platform. Three patient groups with cirrhosis and diagnosed/suspected portal hypertension were identified (‘most severe’, ‘moderate severity’ and ‘least severe’). Outcomes studied individually and as a composite were variceal haemorrhage, hepatic encephalopathy, complications of ascites and recorded mortality up to 24 months.ResultsThere were 13 444, 23 299, and 23 836 patients in the most severe, moderate severity and least severe groups, respectively. Mean age was similar across groups; most participants were white. The most common individual outcomes at 24 months were variceal haemorrhage in the most severe group, recorded mortality and hepatic encephalopathy in the moderate severity group, and recorded mortality in the least severe group. Recorded mortality rate was similar across groups. For the composite outcome, cumulative incidence was 59% in the most severe group at 6 months. Alcohol-associated liver disease and metabolic-associated steatohepatitis were significantly associated with the composite outcome across groups.ConclusionOur analysis of a large dataset from electronic healthcare records illustrates the poor prognosis of patients with diagnosed/suspected portal hypertension.