bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Mitos Sejarah di Berbagai Komunitas Lokal: Studi Kasus tentang Perbedaan dan Persamaan dalam Tradisi Lisan
Authors: Koswanto Kiswanto 
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi perbedaan dan persamaan dalam mitos sejarah yang ditemukan dalam tradisi lisan di berbagai komunitas lokal. Mitos sejarah adalah bagian penting dari warisan budaya suatu masyarakat dan memainkan peran signifikan dalam membentuk identitas budaya dan persepsi sejarah kolektif. Dengan membandingkan mitos sejarah dari berbagai komunitas lokal, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola, tema, dan elemen-elemen kunci yang mungkin hadir dalam tradisi lisan mereka. Metode penelitian ini mencakup pengumpulan dan analisis data dari beberapa komunitas lokal yang berbeda, termasuk wawancara dengan para narasumber yang memiliki pengetahuan mendalam tentang mitos sejarah mereka. Analisis komparatif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan dan persamaan dalam cerita-cerita mitos sejarah ini, serta untuk mengeksplorasi konteks budaya, sosial, dan sejarah yang memengaruhi narasi-narasi tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan akan memberikan wawasan yang lebih baik tentang beragam cara masyarakat lokal menggambarkan dan merayakan sejarah mereka melalui tradisi lisan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat membantu dalam memahami bagaimana mitos sejarah dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana untuk mempertahankan identitas budaya dan mendorong pemahaman kolektif tentang sejarah dalam berbagai konteks masyarakat lokal. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini memiliki potensi untuk memberikan kontribusi yang berharga terhadap pemahaman kita tentang pentingnya tradisi lisan dalam melestarikan dan memahami sejarah lokal, serta dalam merawat kekayaan budaya yang beragam dan unik.
Kata kunci: mitos sejarah, tradisi lisan, perbandingan budaya, identitas budaya, komunitas lokal
Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan Pada Masa Gerakan Abdul Qahar Mudzakkar
Authors: SAPUTRO PRADATA ARDI 
Published: January 2024

Sulawesi Selatan memiliki peranan tersendiri dalam sejarah nasional Indonesia. Dapat kita ketahui bahwa kerajaan Gowa merupakan kerajaan besar yang terdapat di Sulawesi Selatan yang meiliki pelabuhan serta armada laut yang kuat. Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar sebagai tokoh dari Makassar mempunyai pasukan yakni komando pasukan seberang yang berhasil mempersatukan kelompok-kelompok gerilya di Sulawesi Selatan bertujuan untuk melawan Belanda yang rencananya akan menguasai kembali wilayah Sulawesi. Berbagai lini kehidupan menjadi terkena dampak pada pemberontakan ini. Kehidupan social dan ekonomi masyarakat pun menerima dampaknya. Wilayah lain sudah bisa berkembang secara ekonomi, Sulawesi Selatan masyarakatnya masih disibukkan dengan gerakan pemberontakan Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan studi dokumen yang relevan. Penelitian ini menggunaan empat tahap yakni pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, menarik kesimpulan, dan penulisan hasil penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui proses lahirnya gerakan Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar, (2) Untuk mengetahui upaya penyelesaian gerakan Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar oleh pemerintah Republik Indonesia, (3) Untuk mengetahui kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Sulawesi Selatan pada masa gerakan Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar.
Glutathione redox system, GSH‐Px activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in tadpoles of R.r.ridibunda and B.viridis
Authors: Cavas Levent , Tarhan Leman 
Published: February 2003

AbstractTotal glutathione (t‐GSH), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, t‐GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were investigated during the development period of a predominantly aquatic amphibian R.r.ridibunda and a predominantly terrestrial amphibian B. viridis. While t‐GSH and GSH showed a similar trend, GSSG concentration increased significantly ( p < 0.05) during the larval stages in R.r.ridibunda larvae. In contrast to R.r.ridibunda larvae, there was no significant ( p>0.05) change between 1 and 5 weeks in the t‐GSH and GSH concentrations of B. viridis. t‐GSH and GSH concentrations of B. viridis larvae became sharply elevated after the fifth week, GSSG levels increased 3.25‐fold during the metamorphosis. The t‐GSH/GSSG ratio fluctuated and the lowest t‐GSH/GSSG ratios were observed at the third week for both species. GSH‐Px activities for both species increased significantly ( p < 0.05) during the growing period. The highest GSH‐Px activities in R.r.ridibunda and B.viridis were observed at the eighth week and they were 3.45 ± 0.17 and 4.1 ± 0.21 IU mg−1, respectively. The membrane LPO levels in the R.r.ridibunda and B. viridis tadpoles significantly ( p < 0.001) decreased from 206 ± 10.3 to 146 ± 7.3 and from 198 ± 9.9 to 23 ± 1.15 nmol MDA g−1 w.w., respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational preferences in diastereomeric(5S)‐methyl‐3‐(o‐aryl)‐2,4‐oxazolidinediones
Authors: Demir Öznur , Doğan İlknur 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe thermally interconvertible diastereomers of the (5S)‐methyl‐3‐(o‐aryl)‐2,4‐oxazolidinediones were synthesized and their conformers studied by 1H NMR and HPLC. The barriers to rotation about the N‐Caryl bond were found to be very much solvent dependent. For the o‐fluoro oxazolidinedione, difference in barriers to rotation in deuterated methanol and deuterated chloroform amounted to 34 kJ/mol. ortho‐Bromo substitution increased the barrier to rotation up to 100 kJ/mol in ethanol, which enabled the analytical separation of the diastereomers and observation of the thermodynamic enrichment of the S‐P conformer by HPLC. In CDCl3 by 1H NMR, on the other hand, a barrier of only 89 kJ/mol was determined. The S‐M and S‐P conformers of the diastereomers of o‐methyl, α‐naphthyl and o‐iodo derivatives have been assigned by NOESY experiments and the kinetic and thermodynamic constants for the interconversion between the S‐M and S‐P conformers were determined. Chirality 15:242–250, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue response to a newly developed calcium phosphate cement containing succinic acid and carboxymethyl‐chitin
Authors: Yokoyama Atsuro , Matsuno Hironobu , Yamamoto Satoru , Kawasaki Takao , Kohgo Takao , Uo Motohiro , Watari Fumio , Nakasu Masanori 
Published: February 2003

AbstractWe developed a new calcium phosphate cement containing succinic acid and carboxymethyl‐chitin in the liquid component. In this study, the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of this new cement were investigated. After mixing, cement in putty form was implanted immediately between the periosteum and parietal bone and in the subcutaneous tissues of rats. In control cement, distilled water was used instead of the liquid component. In addition to histological evaluations, analyses with X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared were performed for the subcutaneously implanted cements. Histological examination showed slight inflammation around the new cement on the bone and in the subcutaneous tissue at 1 week after surgery. At 2 weeks, the cement was partially bound to the parietal bone. The extent of the surface of the new cement directly in contact with the bone increased with time, and most of the undersurface of the new cement bound to the host parietal bone by 8 weeks. Analysis by X‐ray diffraction showed that the new cement in the subcutaneous tissue was transformed into hydroxyapatite by 8 weeks. These results indicate that this new calcium phosphate cement is useful as a bone substitute material. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 491–501, 2003
Suppression of the inflammatory response from adherent cells on phospholipid polymers
Authors: Sawada Shin‐ichi , Sakaki Shujiro , Iwasaki Yasuhiko , Nakabayashi Nobuo , Ishihara Kazuhiko 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThe expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) messenger RNA (mRNA) in macrophage‐like cells cultured on phospholipid polymers was evaluated to determine the extent of the inflammatory response. As phospholipid polymers, poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC)‐co‐n‐butyl methacrylate(BMA)s (PMBs) were synthesized. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and segmented poly(ether urethane) (Tecoflex® 60) were used as reference biomedical polymers. The protein adsorption onto the polymer surfaces from a cell culture medium was determined. The amount of the total protein adsorbed onto the PMBs was lower than that adsorbed onto the reference polymers, and the amount of adsorbed protein decreased with an increase in the MPC units in the PMBs. Human premyelocytic leukemia cell line (HL‐60) was used, and the expression of IL‐1β mRNA was investigated with the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. When HL‐60 cells were cultured on PMBs, the expression of IL‐1β mRNA in the cells was much less than that on the reference polymers. In particular, the expression of IL‐1β mRNA in HL‐60 cells cultured on the PMBs containing more than 10 mol % MPC units was not detected. This corresponded to the reduced amount of adsorbed proteins on the PMB surfaces. These results suggest that the PMBs effectively suppressed the activation and inflammatory response of adherent macrophagelike cells. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 411–416, 2003
Porous polymer scaffolds surface‐modified with arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid enhance bone cell attachment and differentiation in vitro
Authors: Hu Yunhua , Winn Shelley R. , Krajbich Ian , Hollinger Jeffrey O. 
Published: February 2003

AbstractThis study was designed to determine if the surface modification of porous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds would enhance osteogenic precursor cell (OPC) attachment, growth, and differentiation. A covalently grafted amino group (−NH2), poly(L‐lysine) (PLL), and the peptide arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) were selected for the evaluation. The hypothesis was that surface modification would have a positive impact on cell–substratum interactions. The experiment was performed by OPC cells being placed on PLA films and scaffolds modified with NH2, PLL, or RGD in tissue culture media. OPC attachment to PLA films was assessed after 24 h of incubation. The growth and differentiation of the adherent OPCs on porous PLA scaffolds were assessed after 14 and 28 days for alkaline phosphatase (APase) activity and calcium levels, both of which increase as OPCs differentiate into mature bone cells. All assays were accomplished in triplicate, and data were tested with post hoc orthogonal contrasts (i.e., Fisher's least significant difference) at p ≤ 0.05. The PLA film surface‐modified with RGD showed better OPC cell attachment than the other films. The cells on the PLA scaffolds surface‐modified with RGD also exhibited an increase in APase activity and calcium levels in comparison with those on other scaffolds. This difference was apparent at both time intervals and was especially evident in the tissue culture media containing an osteogenic supplement. The results of this study indicate that modifying the surface of PLA polymer scaffolds with RGD enhances bone cell attachment and differentiation and may improve their ability to regenerate bone tissue more efficiently in wound models. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 64A: 583–590, 2003
Prevalence and correlation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in Taiwanese women
Authors: Chen Gin‐Den , Lin Tzu‐Li , Hu Suh‐Woan , Chen Yi‐Ching , Lin Long‐Yau 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAimsWe randomly sampled a community‐based, healthy population to evaluate the prevalence and correlation of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder. We also assessed the influences of these conditions on quality of life and associated risk factors.MethodsOf the 1,581 women sampled (2.92% of registered female residents aged 20 years and older), 1,253 (79.1%) women were successfully interviewed by using the Bristol Female Urinary Tract Symptoms Questionnaire (r=0.87, P<0.05) and the Questionnaire of Impact index regarding the impact on quality of life (r=0.91, P<0.05).ResultsA total of 53.7% of the women sampled suffered from urinary incontinence and related symptoms. The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and mixed incontinence, mutually exclusive of each, was 18.0%, 18.6%, and 17.1%, respectively, from the patients' perceptions. Judging by the criteria of the International Continence Society, the prevalence of the above three conditions was 4.3%, 2.4%, and 1.8%, respectively. Of the women who perceived storage symptoms, 21.1% experienced frequency, 12.6% had urgency, 25.5% had nocturia, and 9.1% had urge incontinence. The occurrence of stress urinary incontinence increased with age up to 65 years old (25% in 50–65‐year‐old cohort), and the number of overactive bladder conditions significantly increased in the elderly women (over 65 years old, 39.3%). Approximately two thirds of the incontinent women had restricted their social activities (due to worrying about wetting or leakage and no toilet facilities available), and approximately 19% of the incontinent women had an affected sexual life. However, only 27.1% of the women with urinary incontinence and related symptoms in this study had reported seeking medical services to solve these problems.ConclusionsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in Taiwanese women is similar to that of Western women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:109–117, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quest for standardisation of electrical sensory testing in the lower urinary tract: The influence of technique related factors on bladder electrical thresholds
Authors: De Wachter Stefan , Wyndaele Jean Jacques 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to determine the influence of technique‐related factors on bladder electrical thresholds in order to establish more standardisation in electrical sensory testing in the lower urinary tract (LUT).MethodsIn 51 young healthy volunteers, electrical thresholds were determined in the bladder by using different techniques described in the literature. Within an individual, thresholds were repeatedly determined in the bladder while varying the position of the stimulating electrodes and the intravesical volume.ResultsThe height of bladder electrical thresholds is influenced by the position of the stimulating electrodes and the volume of the intravesical fluid at the time of the examination. By filling the bladder, the sensitivity of the bladder toward electrical stimulation can be increased.ConclusionsAlthough the techniques to test electrical sensitivity have already proven to be a valuable tool in diagnosing the presence of neuropathy in the LUT, its full scope can only be evaluated after standardisation. Therefore, it is proposed that the position of the stimulating electrodes and the bladder volume at the time of the examination should be outlined in studies and standardised. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:118–122, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in renal hemodynamics and urodynamics in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate infusion: Role of free radicals
Authors: Huang Ho‐Shiang , Ma Ming‐Chieh , Chen Jun , Chen Chau‐Fong 
Published: February 2003

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in renal hemodynamic and urodynamic parameters in rats with chronic hyperoxaluria and after acute oxalate challenge. We also evaluated the possible association between free radical (FR) production, hyperoxaluria, and calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi formation.MethodsChronic hyperoxaluria was induced by adding 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) to the drinking water of male Wistar rats. After 7, 21, and 42 days of treatment, urinary biochemistry, oxalate levels, and lipid peroxides were measured. Kidney calculi were examined by polarizing microscopy. In the second part of the experiments, 1, 10, 20, and 30 mg kg−1 hr−1 oxalate was infused, by means of an intrarenal arterial catheter (IRA), into normal rats sequentially. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) infusion by means of IRA, in addition to oxalate, was also performed to check its influence on the altered renal function after oxalate infusion. In both the acute and chronic groups, renal blood flow (RBF), cortical microvascular blood flow (CMVBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow (UV), and urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) were measured, and chemiluminescence (CL) was examined in the renal venous blood.ResultsLevels of urinary lipid peroxides and enzymuria had increased since day 7, and increased the size of numbers of CaOx crystals in the kidney were noted beginning on day 21, but elevated CL was detectable only on day 7 after 0.75% EG treatment. Decreased UV and UNaV were noted in the 42‐day EG group, although the 24‐hr creatinine clearance values were normal in all experimental groups. On the other hand, RBF, GFR, and CMVBF were attenuated with elevated FR when the oxalate concentration was higher than 10 mg kg−1 hr−1 in the acute oxalate infusion group. With SOD pretreatment, the decreased RBF, GFR, and CMVBF could be reversed at 10 mg kg−1 hr−1 of oxalate, and be partially reversed at 20. FR also could be reduced significantly at 10 and 20 mg kg−1 hr−1 of oxalate.ConclusionsDecreased urine flow and sodium excretion were the main renal functions affected by chronic hyperoxaluria. However, that only the 42‐day EG group had a decreased tubular function cannot be fully explained by the persistent tubular enzymuria and increased lipid peroxides that began on day 7 after EG treatment. With acute oxalate infusion, the major insult to renal function was renal hemodynamics. Pretreated SOD could reverse the attenuated hemodynamics and reduce the elevated FR partly, which suggested that FR is responsible for oxalate toxicity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 22:176–182, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Science after Stalin: Forging a New Image of Soviet Science
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin 
Published: February 2003

ArgumentPost-Stalinist reforms resulted in dramatic changes in the ways of operation of Soviet science: one can say that they altered the very understanding of what science was, or should be, in the socialist society. A new vision came about as a result of political and rhetorical efforts of scientists, who pushed forward their various, often conflicting, agendas acting in accordance with specific rules of Soviet polity. The most visible part of the reform came with the 1961 administrative reorganization of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The related series of changes, however, was much broader and comprehensive, modifying the relationships between science and ideology, politicians and academic researchers, and establishing the very division between fundamental and applied research, which had been strongly rejected during the preceding Stalinist period.
Overproduction of Polypeptides Corresponding to the Amino Terminus of the F-Box Proteins Cdc4p and Met30p Inhibits Ubiquitin Ligase Activities of Their SCF Complexes
Authors: Dixon Cheryl , Brunson Lee Ellen , Roy Mary Margaret , Smothers Dechelle , Sehorn Michael G. , Mathias Neal 
Published: February 2003

ABSTRACT

Ubiquitin ligases direct the transfer of ubiquitin onto substrate proteins and thus target the substrate for proteasome-dependent degradation. SCF complexes are a family of ubiquitin ligases composed of a common core of components and a variable component called an F-box protein that defines substrate specificity. Distinct SCF complexes, defined by a particular F-box protein, target different substrate proteins for degradation. Although a few have been identified to be involved in important biological pathways, such as the cell division cycle and coordinating cellular responses to changes in environmental conditions, the role of the overwhelming majority of F-box proteins is not clear. Creating inhibitors that will block the in vivo activities of specific SCF ubiquitin ligases may provide identification of substrates of these uncharacterized F-box proteins. Using
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
as a model system, we demonstrate that overproduction of polypeptides corresponding to the amino terminus of the F-box proteins Cdc4p and Met30p results in specific inhibition of their SCF complexes. Analyses of mutant amino-terminal alleles demonstrate that the interaction of these polypeptides with their full-length counterparts is an important step in the inhibitory process. These results suggest a common means to inhibit specific SCF complexes in vivo.
The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the Free-Will Problem
Authors: Bobzien Susanne 
Published: February 2003

AbstractIn this paper I argue that the "discovery" of the problem of causal determinism and freedom of decision in Greek philosophy is the result of a mix-up of Aristotelian and Stoic thought in later antiquity; more precisely, a (mis-)interpretation of Aristotle's philosophy of deliberate choice and action in the light of Stoic theory of determinism and moral responsibility. The (con-)fusion originates with the beginnings of Aristotle scholarship, at the latest in the early 2nd century A.D. It undergoes several developments, absorbing Epictetan, Middle-Platonist, and Peripatetic ideas; and it leads eventually to a concept of freedom of decision and an exposition of the "free-will problem" in Alexander of Aphrodisias' On Fate and in the Mantissa ascribed to him.
MsGC-β3 forms active homodimers and inactive heterodimers with NO-sensitive soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits
Authors: Morton David B. , Anderson Esther J. 
Published: February 2003

SUMMARY
Soluble guanylyl cyclases are typically obligate heterodimers, composed of a single alpha and a single beta subunit. MsGC-β3, identified in the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, was the first example of a soluble guanylyl cyclase that exhibited enzyme activity without the need for coexpression with additional subunits. Subsequent studies have revealed that the mammalian β2 subunit also shares this property. Using a combination of gel filtration chromatography, coprecipitation and site-directed mutagenesis we show that, as predicted, MsGC-β3 forms active homodimers. We also demonstrate that MsGC-β3 is capable of forming heterodimers with the nitric oxide (NO)-sensitive guanylyl cyclase subunits MsGC-α1 and MsGC-β1. These heterodimers, however, show no enzyme activity and, like mammalian β2 subunits, act in a dominant negative manner when combined with the NO-sensitive subunits to disrupt their activation by NO. In addition,we show that the unique C-terminal domain of MsGC-β3 is not necessary for enzyme activity and might act as an auto-inhibitory domain.