bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian disruption reduces MUC4 expression via clock molecule BMAL1 during dry eye development
Authors: Yuan Jin , Zeng Hao , Yang Xue , Liao Kai , Zuo Xin , Liang Lihong , He Dalian , Ju Rong , Wang Bowen 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Circadian disruption, as a result of shiftwork, jet lag and other lifestyle factors, is a common public health problem associated with a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In the present study, we established a chronic jet lag model using a time shift every 3 days method and assessed the effects of circadian disruption on the ocular surface homeostasis. Our results indicated that jet lag increased corneal epithelial defects, cell apoptosis, and proinflammatory cytokine expression. However, there was no significant change in the volume of tear secretion or conjunctiva goblet cells after 30 days for jet lag. At the same time, further analysis of the pathogenic mechanism using RNA sequencing prompted that jet lag caused corneal transmembrane mucin deficiency, specifically MUC4. The crucial role of MUC4 in the pathogenic progression was demonstrated by the protection of corneal epithelial cells and the inhibition of inflammation activation following MUC4 replenishment. Unexpectedly, the genetic ablation of BMAL1 in mice caused MUC4 deficiency and dry eye disease. The underlying mechanism was uncovered in cultured human corneal epithelial cells in vitro, where the silencing of BMAL1 reduced MUC4 and the overexpression of BMAL1 increased MUC4. Furthermore, melatonin, a circadian rhythm restorer, had a therapeutic effect for jet lag-induced dry eye by restoring the expression of BMAL1, which upregulated MUC4. These findings identify a novel dry eye mouse model induced by circadian disruption, shed light on the mechanism and provide a potential clinical treatment.
EHHADH Deficiency Regulates Pexophagy and Accelerates Tubulointerstitial Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jiang Song , Kan Shuyan , Hou Qing , Shi Jinsong , Zhang Mingchao , Xu Feng , Liu Zhihong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Peroxisomal L-bifunctional enzyme (EHHADH) plays a role in the classic peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation pathway;however, the relationship between EHHADH expression and diabetic kidney disease has not been well understood. Here, we found that endogenous EHHADH levels were strongly correlated with the progression and severity of diabetic nephropathy in T2D patients. EHHADH knockout mice exhibited worsened renal tubular injury in diabetic mice. Furthermore, EHHADH is a modulator of pexophagy. In renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in vitro, the knockdown of EHHADH induced a dramatic loss of peroxisomes. The loss of peroxisomes in EHHADH-deficientRTECs was restored by either an autophagic inhibitor 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 both in vitro and in vivo. NBR1 was required for pexophagy in EHHADH-knockdown cells, where the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased, while inhibition of ROS blocked pexophagy. In summary, our findings revealed EHHADH deficiency accelerated renal injury in DKD as a modulator of pexophagy.
Loneliness and close relationships with parents and friends: National representative study of adolescents in Denmark
Authors: Madsen Katrine Rich , Damsgaard Mogens Trab , Petersen Kimberly , Qualter Pamela , Holstein Bjørn E. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background: Loneliness in adolescence is a serious threat to quality of life, and it is important to identify possible predictors. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between loneliness and close relationships with parents and friends in a community sample of adolescents, and whether this association varied by sex, age group, and socioeconomic status.
Methods: The study used data from the Danish arm of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2010, 2014 and 2018 that included nationally representative samples of students in the age groups, 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds (n=10,425). Loneliness was measured by one item and close relationships with parents was measured by the HBSC Ease of Communication Measure. Multilevel logistic regression was applied to study the associations between ease of communication and loneliness. Stratified analysis and interaction analysis tested the modifying effect of sex on the associations.
Results: A large majority (80.1%) of students had close relationships with both parents and friends, 16.3% had close relationships with only one of these parties, and 3.6% with neither any parent nor any friend. The prevalence of loneliness was 6.0%. There was a strong and graded association between loneliness and lack of close relationships. The odds ratios for loneliness were around 8.0 in the groups with the weakest relationships. Stratified analysis showed that girls were more vulnerable to lack of close relationships.
Conclusion: The remarkably strong association between lack of close relationships and loneliness – especially for girls – calls for further studies that explore which aspects of loneliness and which aspects of social relationships drive this association. From an intervention point of view, the study suggests that interventions to fight loneliness should include efforts to strengthen social relations among peers at school.
Assessment and comparison of thermochemical pathways for the rice residues valorization: pyrolysis and gasification
Authors: Quintero-Naucil Myriam , Salcedo-Mendoza Jairo , Solarte-Toro Juan Camilo , Aristizábal-Marulanda Valentina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass applied to thermochemical routes is postulated as an alternative for the generation of energy from renewable sources. This work aims to compare biorefineries based on two thermochemical routes for the use of raw materials from the rice (husk and straw) production chain in the Department of Sucre-Colombia. Initially, this work analyzes the physicochemical and structural characterization of biomass. Four different scenarios are proposed for the comparison of the valorization from the simulation in Aspen Plus by means of fast pyrolysis and downdraft gasification. The novelty of this work is focused on the identification of the biorefinery with the best techno-economic, energetic, and environmental performance for the generation of electricity and value-added products from rice straw and husk. From an economic perspective, the stand-alone gasification process does not have a positive economic margin, which is an opposite behavior from the pyrolysis process. The biorefinery proposed in scenario 1 (fast pyrolysis of both rice residues) had the best economic and environmental performance with an economic margin of 13.75% and emissions of 2170.92 kgCO2eq/kg for 10 years. However, this scenario was not energetically the best, holding second place due to the feedstock requirements, compared to gasification. The biorefinery scenario 1 has the best performance.
Integration of disamenity costs and equality regarding onshore wind power expansion and distribution into energy system optimization models
Authors: Lohr Clemens , Peterssen Florian , Schlemminger Marlon , Bensmann Astrid , Niepelt Raphael , Brendel Rolf , Hanke-Rauschenbach Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background
Social acceptance of energy infrastructure projects impacts public support for the energy transition and is essential for its sustainability and success. Despite extensive research on the social acceptance of renewable energy, particularly onshore wind power, energy system models have primarily emphasized techno-economic aspects. This focus has created a gap between model results and decision-makers’ needs. In this study, we offer recommendations on how to integrate disamenity costs and the consideration of equality in the distribution, two critical social aspects related to onshore wind power, into the optimization of an energy system. Therefore, we use a spatially distributed model of climate-neutral Germany and test various implementations of these two aspects.
Results
We identify effective linear formulations as model extensions for both aspects, notably outperforming quadratic alternatives, which require longer solution times (+ 50%-115%). Our findings reveal that endogenously considered disamenity costs can reduce the human population’s exposure to wind turbines in model results by -53%. Additionally, by applying the concept of social welfare functions to onshore wind power distribution, we establish a connection with welfare economics, which offers mathematical methods to consider equality in the spatial distribution in energy system models.
Conclusion
Disamenity costs become a predominant factor in the distribution of onshore wind power in energy system optimization models. However, existing plans for onshore wind power distribution in Germany highlight equality as the driving factor. The inclusion of social aspects into energy system models enables the establishment of socially better-accepted wind turbine locations. Neglecting these aspects results in an overestimation of the practical solution space for decision-makers and, consequently, energy system designs.
Enhancing Urban Vitality through Big Data: A Case Study of Yinchuan City Using GWR and GBDT Models
Authors: Lyu Guifen , Angkawisittpan Niwat , Fu Xiaoli , Sonasang Somchat 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Urban vitality, indicative of human activity in spaces, often eludes real-time analysis due to its complex nature. This research, with Yinchuan City as a case study, leverages Baidu heat maps as proxies for urban vitality and employs data from Baidu Street View, POI, and traffic within a 5D framework as independent variables. The study unfolds in phases, initially applying spatial analytics and deep learning to scrutinize built environment variables linked to urban vitality. It then uses ordinary least squares (OLS) to pinpoint influential factors and Moran’s I to assess the spatial autocorrelation of urban vitality. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is employed to explore spatial heterogeneity, while Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) analysis discerns variable importance for strategic planning. Results reveal a significant impact of built environment variables on Yinchuan’s urban vitality, with a noticeable positive autocorrelation and spatial clustering in central urban areas like Xingqing, Jinfeng, and Xixia districts. GWR analysis delineates a pattern of agglomeration in these central areas. Insights from the GBDT model inform priority-setting in planning. Recommendations offered by this study aim to elevate urban management and address urban challenges to enrich the living environment and invigorate urban vitality.
Big mobility data reveals hyperlocal air pollution exposure
disparities in the Bronx, New York City
Authors: Wang An , Testi Iacopo , Paul Sanjana , Mora Simone , Walker Erica , Nyhan Marguerite , Duarte Fabio , Santi Paolo , Ratti Carlo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Recent studies confirm that air pollution disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged populations1-3. Yet, they have not fully explored the effect of personal mobility on population exposure. Our study bridges the existing gap in quantifying mobility-based air pollution exposure across socio-demographic groups. We combine the granular mobility of over 500,000 unique users daily and air pollution data at 100 m resolution to quantify disparities in particulate matter exposure in the Bronx, New York City, a racially diverse and dense urban area. Using individual daily particulate matter exposure rather than population-weighted concentrations, this approach not only reveals the streets with the highest prevalence of air pollution but also how different demographic groups are exposed. We observe significantly different spatial patterns between personal exposure and exposure disparities, where people from Hispanic-majority and low-income neighborhoods are the most severely and disproportionately exposed to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. We reveal that race/ethnicity is a much stronger indicator of exposure disparity than income. The study further demonstrates that within-group variation contributes a major portion of exposure disparities, suggesting more granular mitigation plans are needed to target high-exposure individuals of socially disadvantaged groups in addition to generic air quality improvement.
Repression of miR-764-5p by enhancing IGF1R and cochaperone CHIP expression in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulates cardioprotective effects in Aging-Spontaneously Hypertensive rats model
Authors: Huang Chih-Yang , Barik Parthasarathi , Kuo Wei-Wen , Kuo Chia-Hua , Hsieh Dennis , Day Cecilia , Daddam Jayasimharayalu , Chen Michael , Padma V. Vijaya , Shibu Marthandam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression is marked by increased misfolded proteins and reduced growth factor receptor activity. Evidence links the co-chaperone CHIP and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) to stem cell dynamics and function through miR-764-5p in rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) remains largely unknown. We observed that short-term hypoxia (6 h) downregulated miR-764-5p in rADSCs, while normoxia conditions led to miR-764-5p upregulation, targeting the 3' UTR region of IGF1R and STUB1/CHIP. qRT-PCR confirmed altered mRNA expression. Overexpression of anti-miR-764-5p enhanced rADSC survival via CHIP and IGF1R upregulation, while miR-764-5p mimic increased ROS generation and apoptosis. HIF1α transcription factor downregulated miR-764-5p under short-term hypoxia. Administering rADSCsanti−miR−764−5p in aging-spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) via tail-vein injection demonstrated cardioprotective effects, reducing cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis and it could be the potential to act as a regenerative medicine. In conclusion, suppressing miR-764-5p enhances IGF1R expression and CHIP activity in rADSCs, mitigating cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling in the aging-SHR model.
Gut microbiota-dependent increase in phenylacetic acid induces endothelial cell senescence during aging
Authors: Beer Jürg , Saravi Seyed Soheil Saeedi , Pugin Benoit , Constancias Florentin , Thomas Aurélien , Gludic Sylvain Le , Allemann Meret , Karsai Gergely , Lee Pratintip , Menni Cristina , Attaye Ilias 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence plays a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in aging population. Gut microbiota alterations are emerging as significant factors present in cellular senescence associated with aging. However, little is known about how aging-related changes in gut microbiota are causally implicated in EC senescence. Here we show that gut microbiota-dependent phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its derivative, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), are elevated in a human aging cohort (TwinsUK, n=7,303) and in aged mice. Metagenomic analyses revealed a marked increase in the abundance of PAA-producing microbial pathways (PPFOR and VOR), which were positively associated with the abundance of Clostridium sp. ASF356, higher circulating PAA concentrations, and endothelial dysfunction in old mice. We found that PAA potently induces EC senescence and attenuates angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PAA increases mitochondrial H2O2 generation, which aggravates IL6-mediated HDAC4 translocation and thereby upregulates VCAM1. In contrast, exogenous acetate, which was reduced in old mice, rescues the PAA-induced EC senescence and restores angiogenic capacity through markedly alleviating the SASP and epigenetic alteration. Our studies provide direct evidence of PAA-mediated crosstalk between aging gut microbiota and EC senescence and suggest a microbiota-based therapy for promoting healthy aging.
Microstructure of the Silk Fibroin-based Hydrogel Scaffolds Derived from the Orb-web Spider Trichonephila clavata
Authors: Sun Yan , KU Bon-jin , Moon Myung-Jin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Due to the unique properties of the silk fibroin (SF) from silkworm the SF-based hydrogels recently received significant attention for various biomedical applications. However, researches regarding the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks have been comparatively restricted due to shortage of collection and preparation of naïve silk materials. Therefore, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics of hydrogel scaffolds derived from two types of woven silk glands – major ampullate gland (MAG) and tubuliform gland (TG) - in the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata and compared them with those of silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel scaffold extracted from the cocoon of the insect silkworm Bombyx mori. Our FESEM analysis revealed that the SF hydrogel has high porosity, translucency, and a loose upper structure, with attached SF fibers providing stability. The MAG hydrogel displayed even higher porosity, elongated fibrous structures, and improved mechanical properties, while TG hydrogel showed increased porosity, ridge-like or wall-like structures, and stable biocapacity is formed by physical cross-linking. The distinct microstructural characteristics of MAG and TG hydrogels are expected to provide advantages in the selection of tailored substrates to support specific cell types for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Acquired amphotericin B resistance and fitness trade-off compensation in Candida auris
Authors: Carolus Hans , Sofras Dimitrios , Boccarella Giorgio , Sephton-Clark Poppy , Romero Celia Lobo , Vergauwen Rudy , Yazdani Saleh , Pierson Siebe , Jacobs Stef , Vandecruys Paul , Wijnants Stefanie , Meis Jacques , Berg Pieter van den , Rybak Jeffrey , Cuomo Christina , Dijck Patrick Van 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Candida auris is an emergent human fungal pathogen of growing concern due to common drug resistance to all major antifungal drug classes. Although resistance to amphotericin B (AMB) has been detected in 30 to 60% of clinical isolates of C. auris, mechanisms of AMB resistance remain poorly characterized. Here we present a large-scale investigation of how AMB resistance can be acquired through genetic adaptation. We typed 441 in vitro and in vivo evolved C. auris lineages from four AMB-susceptible clinical strains of different clades. We show a great diversity of acquired resistance responses with resistance magnitude- and strain-dependent fitness trade-offs. Genotyping and membrane sterol analyses of selected lineages show four major types of membrane sterol alterations. Using a novel, plasmid-based CRISPR-Cas9 allele editing method and Cas9-RNP meditated gene deletions, we show that AMB resistance can be acquired through variation in several sterol biosynthesis regulators including ERG6, NCP1, ERG11, ERG3, HMG1, ERG10 and ERG12. Additionally, we show how aneuploidies in chromosomes 4 and 6 emerge during AMB resistance evolution. By leveraging fitness trade-off phenotyping and mathematical modelling of the in vivo environment during treatment, we evaluated the potential of different mechanisms to establish resistant infections and discover a mechanism of fitness trade-off compensation. Variation in CDC25 substantially enhanced the capacity to establish a resistant infection and may have played a role in facilitating the sole documented clinical case of acquired AMB resistance during treatment in C. auris. In summary, our findings show that fitness trade-off compensation along with several sterol modulating mechanisms of acquired AMB resistance represent a potential risk for AMB treatment failure in the clinic.
Spatial Phenotyping of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma and T-cell/Histiocyte-Rich Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: NATKUNAM YASODHA , Younes Sheren , Subramanian Ajay , Khan Anum , Zhao Shuchun , Binkley Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is a rare lymphoma with sparse tumor B-cells and a favorable prognosis. Variant growth patterns of NLPHL, however, show advanced stage, progression to T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL) and a worse prognosis. We studied the spatial configuration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of NLPHL and THRLBCL using highplex imaging to capture single-cell parameters including spatial localization in 20 patient samples of NLPHL and THRLBCL. Our findings show distinct spatial configurations and TME composition that differ among typical and variant NLPHL, and THRLBCL. Tumor B-cell size and content was lowest in typical NLPHL, followed by variant NLPHL, and highest in THRLBCL, whereas an opposite trend characterized TME B-cells. Typical NLPHL showed abundant helper T-cell subsets, while THRLBCL showed abundant cytotoxic T-cells and monocytes. Spatial analysis further revealed specific interactions typical of NLPHL patterns and THRLBCL. CD4/CD8 double-positive T-cells were detected in all NLPHL but not in the majority of THRLBCL, and were found to be spatially distant from tumor B-cells and TFH-rosettes. We conclude that our results provide valuable insights into immunoarchitectural configurations that inform differences in biologic behavior and could aid in the development of future therapeutics for patients affected by this spectrum of lymphomas.
Aspect and root trench effect of Eucalyptus globulus boundary plantation on barley yield and soil physicochemical properties in the Gumer district, Central highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Ameha Neway , Asfaw Zebene 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The expansion of Eucalyptus globules boundary plantation (EGBP) along farm boundaries considered to have effects on yield of underneath crops. Tree root pruning or trench is a potential tool for managing belowground competition. We evaluated aspect and trench distance effect of EGBP on barley yield and soil physicochemical properties in Gummer woreda, central Ethiopia. Two months before sowing, on one side of each aspect of EGBP trenches were prepared at distances of 0.5m, 1m and 1.5m using split-split plot design with three replications. At 1.5m trench distance, the North faced field showed 20.4%to 31.2% additional yield variation respectto South, East and West faced fields. Also 15.2% to 43% additional yield was observed as the field distance from EGBP increased from 3m to 12m. Relative to un-trenched field, trenched fields showed 31.9% to 73.4%additional yield variations. Regarding to soil physicochemical properties, aspect of EGBP had no significant effect. However, except for texture, pH and extractable potassium, trench showed a significant difference on soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available Phosphors and CEC status. Relative to un-trenched fields of 6m and 9m, 1.5 m trenched field of 3m field distance showed 48 % and 15% additional yield variations. That means root trench minimized on average 24% of the field distance effect of EGBP on barley yield. Therefore, root pruning at 1.5m distance from EGBP using 0.5m x 0.5 m trench is an applicable and advisable method that will help farmers to maximize barley yield with higher land-use efficiency.