bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Suicide Faces
Authors: Heller Michael , Haynal Veronique 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As far as psychiatry is concerned, suicide is the major cause of mortality. Unfortunately suicide is difficult to prevent, as its prediction is unreliable. Indeed, neither the categories of “people at risk” as defined by studies ranging from sociology to neurophysiology nor the clinical questionnaires allow to predict satisfactorily an attempt. Therefore, clinicians remain somewhat at a loss when faced with a first attempt or even with a reattempt. Yet clinical practice has shown that some experienced therapists, probably following their intuition, are able to predict suicidal risks with a smaller error margin than their colleagues (Motto, 1991). What do these therapists rely upon? What semiology elements do they perceive even though they are unable to explain them? We propose the hypothesis that most of the cues that subtend this intuition are provided by the suicidal patients’ nonverbal behavior.
Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Policy:On Balancing Science, Applications, and Advocacy
Authors: Rubenstein Daniel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Planet Earth is at risk. Rapid population growth, degradation of landscapes, extinction of species, and the pollution of air and water is creating a crisis for the biosphere whose unprecedented proportions are only just being defined, let alone understood. With respect to biodiversity alone, our efforts at eliminating species far outstrip our abilities for estimating the magnitude of the carnage we are inflicting. If ecology is the science concerned with the relationship of organisms to each other and their environment and conservation biology is the study of how to conserve and manage biological diversity, then behavioral ecologists have much to offer. Because behavioral ecology is about how ecology shapes behavior, it can help define conservation problems more precisely and show how understanding the function, or survival value, of behavior can help eliminate some of these environmental problems.
How to Choose an Instrument
Authors: Toff Nancy 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Selecting an instrument is an important decision, but it should not be a frightening one. It does not require the wisdom of Solomon, but it may require the patience of Job. It requires some research, an ability to wade through the jargon of manufacturers’ catalogs, and decisiveness about what you want (as opposed to what a salesman is promoting) in terms of quality, price, and availability. On the following pages, I’ll discuss setting a budget, how to distinguish necessary features from optional ones, and how to test potential instruments. In Appendix B, you’ll find a list of flute manufacturers and their addresses, should you want to get information on particular brands. In general, I will not recommend particular manufacturers, though I will discuss various aspects of their product lines. Keep in mind that different players have different needs. So I’ll supply the information, but you’ll have to make the decisions.
Preemption
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A theory of causation should tell us just what the nature of the causal relation is between particular events. Theories that are “generalist” require that causally connected particular events instantiate types of events that are suitably related (at the type level). But type-level relations cannot exhaust the nature of token causation, and even the generalist must acknowledge a “singularist” component. A “singularist” relation is a relation between events the realization of which does not depend on what happens elsewhere in the world. Spatial and temporal relations are possible candidates for this component, but there are other options. As indicated, the main purpose of this study is to provide an account of the singularist component of causation. Although I will make a working generalist assumption (to the effect that causally connected events instantiate lawfully connected types), only the nature of the singularist component will receive attention here.
Causal Relata
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In chapters 1 and 2, I argued for a mechanistic theory, but I did not give an argument for a nonexplanatory theory of causation. In this chapter I argue that a theory of causation should not be explanatory—direct causes should not be thought of as exemplifying properties in virtue of which they bring about their effects. This brings us to the question of the nature of causal relata. On some accounts of causal relata, but not others, causation is explanatory. The first part of this chapter concerns itself with an argument against explanatory theories. My argument for this conclusion is predicated on a certain logical feature of the causal relation: its transitivity.
Qualitative Persistence
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The main conclusion of chapter 3 is that concrete events are not causal relata and that tropes are to be preferred over exemplifications of universals. This preference, however, is conditional on two further claims: that there are tropes and that tropes can persist over time. Given that the existence of tropes cannot be taken for granted, this conditional argument must be followed by an argument for tropes as such. And given that the preference for tropes is partly based on the anticipation of an account of causation in terms of persistence—specifically,of trope persistence—an argument for the possibility of trope persistence is called for. Fortunately, both of these argumentative requirements can be satisfied by a single argument.
The Alphabet of Causation
Authors: Ehring Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As we have seen, the preemption pairing problem demands a singularist component in a theory of causation. Causes and their direct effects must be connected by a process or relation the realization of which does not depend on what happens in other regions or on how other token events of the same type are related. Spatio-temporalism furnishes a singularist component, but spatio-temporalism cannot handle the pre­ emption pairing problem. A non-spatio-temporalist persistence-based account is needed. But transference theory is not sufficiently general, tied as it is to certain empirical assumptions, and Castaneda’s theory, although less empirically based, is too vague. There is, however, another way of working up a persistence view. The results of chapter 4 provide a basis for exploring a theory based on trope persistence.
Fibers of Glass
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The difference between glass rods and glass fibers is merely a matter of diameter. Anyone who can be trusted with a chemistry set can draw a fiber easily from a glass rod. Hold the two ends of a rod several inches long and put the middle in a hot flame. The heat softens the glass, melting the rigid solid into a thick, viscous liquid. After the rod becomes flexible, pull the two ends apart while removing the rod from the flame. The molten glass stretches into a long, tapered thread, which solidifies almost instantly as air cools it. Although the material remains glass, the thin filament is flexible and seems much less brittle than the rod.
A Critical Insight
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heinrich Lamm and C. W. Hansell lacked not merely resources but one crucial bit of inspiration. They didn’t realize that light was leaking be- tween bare glass fibers where they touched each other. The solution was disarmingly simple: cladding the light-carrying fiber with a transparent material that had a lower refractive index. However, like most other critical insights, it’s obvious only in hindsight. Two decades after Hansell and Lamm, the idea sprouted separately in the fertile minds of two very different men. One was an eminent professor, a maker and shaker in mid-century American science. The other was a Danish inventor laboring in a small home workshop.
Breakthrough
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
From his first-floor office at the Corning Sullivan Park Research Center, Bob Maurer could see the clear and compelling logic in making fibers from compound glasses. The materials were well known, and the technology for handling them was well developed. Removing the impurities that absorbed light seemed a straightforward matter of purifying raw materials. The approach was so logical that everyone was doing it, including companies with resources far greater than the Corning Glass Works. It was a race Corning seemed doomed to lose.
A Demonstration for the Queen (1970–1975)
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The low-loss optical fiber and the room-temperature semiconductor laser made 1970 a very good year for fiber-optic communications. Although both developments would prove crucial, at the time it was painfully obvious that neither was ready for practical use. The fibers were far too brittle; the lasers were too shortlived.
Submarine Cables
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the 1960s, it took a wild-eyed optimist like Alec Reeves to see a future for fiber optics in one of the toughest jobs for any cable—crossing the ocean depths to link continents. Yet by the mid-1970s, optical fibers were the last hope of salvaging an aging submarine cable industry besieged by rapid advances in satellite communications.
Epilogue
Authors: Hecht Jeff 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
I ended the hardcover edition of this book with fiber optics a dramatic success. Fiber networks had spread across the globe. Pioneers like Kao, Hock- ham, Miller, Maurer, Keck, Schultz, and Snitzer were collecting well-deserved awards. When the Nobel Committee decided to award the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physics for the foundations of information and communication technology, they split it between optics and electronics. Integrated-circuit inventor Jack Kilby shared the prize with the developers of the heterostructures vital for practical semiconductor lasers, Zhores Alferov and Herbert Kroemer.
The Possum, the Hag, and the Rhinestone Cowboy: The burlesque abjection of the white male
Authors: Ching Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hard country galaxy glows with dimly christened stars. Counter to whatever logic glamour possesses, hard country singers use such pejorative stage names as Ol’ Hank (Hiram “Hank” Williams, 1923–1952), the Hag (ex-convict Merle Haggard, 1937–), and the Possum (George Jones, 1931–). Alvis Edgar Owens (1929–), better known as Buck Owens, changed his first name to match that of his Okie family’s mule. Johnny Cash, known as “the man in black,” evokes bad guys and mourners.1 Donald Lytle achieved stardom as Johnny Paycheck, a name borrowed “from a not-so-prize fighter who lasted less than one humiliating round with Joe Louis.”2 When they decide to preserve their given names, hard country stars stick with the fence-post plain or the downright unflattering: Ernest Tubb (1914– 1984), Hank Thompson (1925–), John Anderson (1954–), or David Allan Coe (1939–)—it rhymes with John Doe. Kentucky-born Dwight Yoakam (1956–) even shares his (real) last name with the hillbillies of Al Capp’s comic strip back-water, Dogpatch.3 Waylon Jennings’s (1937–) first name immediately suggests a downbeat approach (wailing). In contrast, mainstream country announces itself with reassuringly evocative monikers such as George Strait and Alabama.
Drawing hard lines: Buck Owens, Dwight Yoakam, and the Bakersfield Sound
Authors: Ching Barbara 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Buck Owens, like Bocephus, made it his mission to expand hard country’s borders. Any other approach, he would argue, is only “assembly-line music.” Not that his music isn’t assembly-line; he willingly admits that many of his songs sound alike, and he repeatedly refers to that sound as a kind of machine, a “freight train” or a “hydromatic.” But his music isn’t only assembly-line music; at the same time that he openly discusses his standard formula, Owens also proudly notes the many lines he crossed.1 What separated him from his Nashville competitors is that he copied, even parodied, himself with wondrously successful machines of his own devising.
Why Do public teaching hospitals privatize?
Authors: Gage Larry S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A growing crisis faces many urban public teaching hospitals today. It is influenced by many factors and often takes different forms in different communities. What is certain, however, is that public teaching hospitals face the same fiscal and competitive pressures that confront the entire hospital industry in America today, while also bearing the unique burdens that result from their safety–net mission and governmental status.
Locating Javanese Oral Narratives
Authors: Berman Laine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the previous chapter I compared the Labovian structural paradigm to the Javanese social structure of relative rights and obligations as a foundation from which to illustrate the constraints the social order imposed on story design. This chapter advances the social focus by defining the structural features particular to Javanese narrative and showing how and where they appear in actual stories. The following stories are examples of what I suggest are four Javanese indexes of a narrative: (1) past-time adverbials, (2) reported speech, (3) shifting speech levels, and (4) text boundary indexicals.
Status, Gender, and the Management of Information
Authors: Berman Laine 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores issues of gender and access to information in relation to participation. In keeping with the themes of participation and responsibility, we explore discursive styles as they emerge visa-visa speaker’s alignment to the main protest narrative. Participants’ alignments appear on a much broader scale than that which we have already seen. In the previous chapter, there is full acceptance of the narrative, which includes all the hierarchical implications of topic uptake and development, to the point of negating one’s own relational identity. Here we see what the other end of the scale looks like, that is, full rejection of the narrative. Rejection within the Javanese matrix of refinement is not a direct negation of specifically uttered turns or topics; rather it appears as silence: the lack of participation in the discourse. As the conversation develops, refusing a part in the narrative is interpreted as refusing to be aligned with the consequences of the discourse. We see how the factory women are acting quite alone in their protest, not because of the wrongfulness of their case or even the way in which they proceed, which is well within the bounds of legal acceptance.
The Consort
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The newlyweds spent the winter months of1887-88 in a small flat in New York, three flights up, but with a splendid view over Central Park at 92d Street. In the spring they moved to a house in Englewood, New Jersey, then still a rural community a few miles north of New York City. Use of that pleasant place, for two years, had been one of their wedding gifts. It cannot have been convenient for a young lawyer to undertake a daily commute to his office in Pine Street, very nearly at the southern tip of Manhattan. The summer found Ruth at Forty Acres, where her husband was able to visit before their return to Englewood in the fall for the expected arrival of their first child, Hannah, born in January 1889.
Letters from Harvard
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On a sunny day in September 1911, with high hopes and with a composer’s absolute confidence he would not savor again for many years to come, Harvard freshman Roger Sessions moved into lodgings at 41 Hawthorne Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Being very much younger than his fellow undergraduates, he was to live off campus during his first two years at the university; and in order to shield the lone fourteen-year-old from worldly temptations in his newly independent life, his older sister, Nan, newly graduated from Radcliffe (Harvard’s then separate college for women), was installed in his apartment as well, “with an elderly maid to look after them both:’ Shortly after their arrival, the young composer received an important invitation. He was to call on a longtime family friend, Mrs. Wilmerding, a lady of means with considerable influence in Boston’s musical circles.
Summer of 1929
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The great glacier of Les Diablerets, a few miles east of the far end of Lake Geneva, owes its name to devils and demons who haunt its peak and have, from time immemorial, inflicted serious mischief on villagers in the valley below and on their sheep grazing on its high pastures. According to local lore, these spooks quarrel noisily, chase one another around the peak, and delight in rolling huge boulders against the Qyille du Diable, the Devil’s Bowling Pin, at the summit. Whenever they miss, those boulders come crashing down into the valley of Derborence on the far slopes of the mountain.
Berlin Interlude
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There had been a productive pattern to Sessions’ years in Rome. During the winter season he worked slowly but steadily on three major works: the Piano Sonata, the Violin Concerto, and another symphony: “These three works are my big job for the winter, & I shan’t leave Rome till I have finished them.” He did finish the sonata (“I am letting it go along slowly & easily & I think it will come out splendidly”), made solid progress on the concerto, and decided to abandon the symphony. Lesser tasks included the orchestration of his Black Maskers Suite and a number of smaller works, most of which he later disowned as exercises: “I have learned to produce much more quickly than I used to or [was] able to, & have turned out innumerable short things in the last year-not, however, most of them good enough to keep, as they were written for practice.”
The Musical Idea II
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the spring of 1996, Edward T. Cone, one of Roger Sessions’ earliest students and most eloquent disciples, gave a lecture at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore. Titled “The Silent Partner;’ the lecture was to feature, in the best Sessions tradition, the listener’s active role in completing the composer’s and performer’s work with a truly attentive ear.
Teacher
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sessions joined the Princeton faculty in 1935, accepted the offer of a full professorship at the University of California at Berkeley in 1945, and returned to Princeton as William Shubael Professor of Music in 1953. Following his retirement from the university in 1965, he taught young composers in Buenos Aires and returned for a year to Berkeley as Ernest Bloch Visiting Professor in 1966. From 1967 until the end of his life in 1985, he taught composition at Juilliard in New York.
Dallapiccola
Authors: Prausnitz Frederik 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Europe to which Sessions returned in 1951 was altogether different, of course, from the continent in crisis that he had left nearly two decades before. In the two countries he had known best, Italy and Germany, physical signs of appalling destruction still marked ruined cities and the paths of contending armies could be gauged in the grim remnants of what was left by the side of the road. It was the more astonishing, therefore, that cultural life not only flourished everywhere but also functioned in a much healthier way than the feverish fervor of denial with which a grand cultural tradition in a dying age had embraced its doom in the Berlin of 1933.
What’s the Difference? Reflections on Gender and Research in Village India
Authors: Babiracki Carol M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1974, coincidently about a year before I first heard of a field called ethnomusicology, Edward Ives wrote the following in a manual on field research. About setting up the initial interview, he said, “There are two questions that students often ask at about this point. The first, and by far the more common, frequently comes out something like this: ‘Do you think it’s going to make a difference that I’m a girl when I go talk to Mr. Bilodeau about lumbering? ’ My answer is usually, ‘Of course it’s going to make a difference, but I can’t tell you what kind of difference’:’ Ives goes on to say a bit later, “Just about every time I have predicted how the man/woman of it would work out in some particular case, I have been wrong, which means that I have stopped predicting” (1980:37). This may be the wisest statement that I’ve come across concerning the difference that gender makes in field research, although it probably wasn’t the answer the student was looking for.
Selecting Partners: Questions of Personal Choice and Problems of History in Fieldwork and Its Interpretation
Authors: Noll William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An enormous ethnographic literature exists from Eastern Europe consisting of literally thousands of monographs and articles in the multiple languages of the area, with fieldwork and its interpretation beginning in the early nineteenth century. In my definition of fieldwork, I include gathering, reading, and interpreting historic and contemporary ethnographic literature produced by others working in the same region where I am conducting fieldwork. My intent in this chapter is to examine the implications of incorporating into my fieldwork process selected materials from this vast body of historic and continuing ethnographic literature of several Eastern European countries. When researching areas where there is a substantial ethnographic literature, I believe it is appropriate and necessary for con temporary fieldworkers to listen to the voices of living and deceased ethnographers along with the voices of local performers and other community members of the region being studied.
“Eating Chitterlings Is like Going Slumming” Soul Food and Its Discontents
Authors: Witt Doris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Readers of Tom Wolfe’ s Radical Chic and Mau-Mauing the Flak Catchers ( 1970) will It perhaps recall that the March 1970 issue of Vogue magazine carried a column by Gene Baro on “Soul Food:’ Published four years after chants of “black and white together” had given way to demands for “Black Power” (Sitkoff 199), and two years after the Black Panthers unveiled the slogan “Off the Pigs” at Huey Newton’ s trial (Heath 64-66), the column begins with a quasi-religious fantasy of interracial gastronomy: The cult of Soul Food is a form of Black self-awareness and, to a lesser degree, of white sympathy for the Black drive to self-reliance.
“Pork or WomEn” Purity and Danger in the Nation of Islam
Authors: Witt Doris 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In fall of 1995, several of the most successful African American male rap starslee T, lee Cube, Chuck D, 2Pac, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and others-joined forces to release an album called One Million Strong. Intended as a show of support for the October 1995 Million Man march in Washington, D.C., the album demonstrated an important connection between Louis Farrakhan’ s Nation oflslam (NOI), sponsor of the march, and numerous black hip-hop artists.