bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of the Indian Ocean: Relation to monsoon and ENSO
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. , Kirtman Ben P. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractRecent years have brought renewed interest in Indian Ocean variability and its relationship with both Australasian monsoon variability and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). There is an ongoing debate as to whether the Indian Ocean is entirely a ‘slave’ to ENSO or whether it has its own modes of coupled variability that are independent of ENSO. The objective of this observational study is to document the variability of the Indian Ocean, to examine its relationship to variability in the tropical Pacific, and to investigate the potential influence of the Australasian monsoon on the variability in both basins. Indian Ocean variability is shown to be strongly seasonal and related to ENSO variability. In fact, when seasonality is carefully considered, the link between ENSO and the Indian Ocean becomes quite robust. This does not imply that the Indian Ocean does not have any variability on seasonal‐to‐interannual time‐scales that is independent of ENSO. It does, however, suggest that a preponderance of this variability is related to ENSO variability. Cause and effect is not be determined here. A significant fraction of the variability in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans is related to variations with three centres of action: cold (warm) sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the western Indian Ocean, warm (cold) anomalies in the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans, and cold (warm) anomalies in the eastern Pacific. These three centres of action have a distinct annual march so that the SSTA in the Indian Ocean is of one sign during December to May, and a so‐called dipole structure develops during June to November. The Indian monsoon is shown to be strongly connected to the annual march of this Indo–Pacific SST variability. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Solid‐state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate). III. Thermal stabilities in terms of the vinyl ester end group and acetaldehyde
Authors: Kim T. Y. , Jabarin S. A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), precursors, and solid‐stated samples were evaluated in terms of changing vinyl ester (VE) concentrations. The results obtained through the application of reaction kinetics gave VE contents ranging from 0.7 to 5.5 mmol/kg of PET. As the initial intrinsic viscosity (IV) of the precursor increased, the VE content also increased, representing the different thermal histories of the samples during melt‐phase polymerization. The VE contents decreased as the solid‐state polymerization (SSP) time increased from 0 to 12 h and as the temperature of SSP increased up to 220°C. A series of acetaldehyde (AA) generation experiments were conducted from 270 to 300°C with samples solid‐stated from three precursors with different initial IVs. The rate of AA generation decreased as the final IV of the solid‐stated PET increased, and this showed that the SSP process improved the thermal stability of PET. The AA generation rates of samples that had similar final IVs but were solid‐stated from different IV precursors were also compared. When the heating temperature was low, the amount and rate of AA generation were higher for samples with higher initial precursor IVs. This tendency, however, became less clear as the generation temperatures increased, probably because interference from the dissociation reactions (occurring between the polymer chains to produce VE) increased with increasing temperature. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 228–237, 2003
Atomic force microscopy characterization of ultrathin polystyrene films formed by admicellar polymerization on silica disks
Authors: See Chun Hwa , O'Haver John 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAtomic force microscopy was used to study the characteristics of polymer films formed via admicellar polymerization (the polymerization of monomers solubilized in adsorbed surfactant aggregates). The investigated system included cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB) as a cationic surfactant, styrene, 2,2′‐azobisisobutyrilnitrile as an initiator, and polished silica disk substrates. Our goal was to examine changes in the properties and morphology of the formed polymer films due to changes in the surfactant and monomer feed levels. Normal tapping and phase‐contrast modes in air were used to image the nanoscopic and microscopic morphologies of the polystyrene‐modified silica. The root‐mean‐square roughness of the surface before and after modification was statistically analyzed and compared. The images were captured with loading‐force set‐point ratios of 0.2–0.9, and this allowed us to examine the stability of the polystyrene films. In the first series, for which the feed ratio of C16TAB to styrene was kept constant and the total feed concentration was varied, a uniform layer of a polystyrene film was observed along with some nanometer‐size aggregates at high feed concentrations of both C16TAB and styrene. These droplets eventually agglomerated with the film beneath and formed larger macrodroplets in a ring arrangement. At lower concentrations, droplets and holes were observed that eventually agglomerated to form a bicontinuous thin film. In the second experimental series, the concentration of C16TAB was kept constant, and the feed ratio of C16TAB to styrene was varied. A smooth thin film was observed at high concentrations of styrene. This film could be deformed and/or removed to expose the silica surface beneath. At lower styrene loadings, the polystyrene film became unstable and formed dropletlike aggregates, possibly because of either the uneven adsolubilization of the styrene monomer within the admicelle or the dewetting effect during washing and drying. The structure of the polystyrene film formed on a smooth silica disk was very dependent on the amount of the surfactant fed to the system; this contrasted with the results on precipitated silica. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 36–46, 2003
Caenorhabditis elegans—applications to nematode genomics
Authors: Gregory William F. , Parkinson John 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe complete genome sequence of the free‐living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was published 4 years ago. Since then, we have seen great strides in technologies that seek to exploit this data. Here we describe the application of some of these techniques and other advances that are helping us to understand about not only the biology of this important model organism but also the entire phylum Nematoda. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards interoperability in genome databases: the MAtDB (MIPS Arabidopsis thaliana database) experience
Authors: Schoof Heiko 
Published: April 2003

AbstractIncreasing numbers of whole‐genome sequences are available, but to interpret them fully requires more than listing all genes. Genome databases are faced with the challenges of integrating heterogenous data and enabling data mining. In comparison to a data warehousing approach, where integration is achieved through replication of all relevant data in a unified schema, distributed approaches provide greater flexibility and maintainability. These are important in a field where new data is generated rapidly and our understanding of the data changes. Interoperability between distributed data sources allows data maintenance to be separated from integration and analysis. Simple ways to access the data can facilitate the development of new data mining tools and the transition from model genome analysis to comparative genomics. With the MIPS Arabidopsis thaliana genome database (MAtDB, http://mips.gsf.de/proj/thal/db) our aim is to go beyond a data repository towards creating an integrated knowledge resource. To this end, the Arabidopsis genome has been a backbone against which to structure and integrate heterogenous data. The challenges to be met are continuous updating of data, the design of flexible data models that can evolve with new data, the integration of heterogenous data, e.g. through the use of ontologies, comprehensive views and visualization of complex information, simple interfaces for application access locally or via the Internet, and knowledge transfer across species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdigitating dendritic reticulum cell tumor of lymph nodes: Case report with differential diagnostic considerations
Authors: Ylagan Lourdes R. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Kraus Madeleine 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA 66‐yr‐old man with a history of interdigitating reticulum cell tumor (IDRCT) presented with an enlarging right cervical lymph node suspicious of recurrent disease. He reported no fevers or night sweats and was otherwise asymptomatic at the time of the fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). FNA of the lymph node showed a spindle cell lesion with plump, at times deeply convoluted, large nuclei, coarsely granular chromatin, with one or two distinct nucleoli, intimately associated with mature‐appearing lymphocytes. A cell block was made and immunohistochemistry was carried out. Immunopositivity for vimentin, S‐100, and CD68 and immunonegativity for CD21 and AE1/AE3 were noted. This case report is the first to illustrate the FNA cytomorphology of IDRCT and to discuss the cytologic differential diagnosis of this rare tumor type in lymph nodes. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003;28:278–281. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of novel thia‐oxadiazolophanes
Authors: Chande M. S. , Godbole A. A. , Sajithkumar C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe novel thia‐1,3,4‐oxadiazolophanes were synthesized regioselectively from 1,4‐bis(5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐oxadiazol‐2‐yl)butane and various 1,ω‐dihaloalkanes in presence of potassium hydroxide. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:273–275, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10141
Allylation of aldiminomercaptotriazinones using allyl halides and allylmetal compounds
Authors: El‐Shehawy Ashraf A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractAllylation of 4‐amino‐3‐mercapto‐6‐methyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5‐one (1) and its arylideneamino derivatives 5 was performed through two different methods. Reaction of 1 and 5 with allylic bromides 2 in the presence of sodium ethoxide afforded a mixture of S‐ and N‐allylated products. Treatment of arylimines 5 with allylic zinc bromides 9 and triallylborane reagents 12 did not affect the hetero‐ring opening but the CN bond of the lateral chain underwent the addition reaction yielding the C‐allylated products 10. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:280–287, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10144
Modifications of polypropylene surface properties by He+ ion implantation
Authors: Brun C. , Fromm M. , Berger F. , Delobelle P. , Takadoum J. , Beche E. , Chambaudet A. , Jaffiol F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA polypropylene (PP) modified by ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR) was treated in vacuo by α particles (with an energy of 400 keV) with fluences that varied from 1011 to 1016 He+ cm−2. Samples were investigated with attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact‐angle measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, swelling, nanoindentation, and friction techniques. After treatment, new chemical groups (carbonyl and vinyl bonds) appeared at the PP/EPR surface. These chemical modifications led to changes in the surface free energy of PP/EPR. Irradiation also modified the PP/EPR structure because crosslinking occurred after treatment for fluences above or equal to 5 × 1014 He+ cm−2. Moreover, the PP melting temperature and enthalpy were greatly decreased for fluences above or equal to 1014 He+ cm−2. The surface mechanical properties were also changed after treatment. Indeed, the friction coefficient decreased, whereas the hardness and Young's modulus drastically increased, after irradiation at higher fluences. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1183–1191, 2003
Entanglement and properties
Authors: Ghirardi G. , Marinatto L. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractVarious topics concerning the entanglement of composite quantum systems are considered with particular emphasis concerning the strict relations of such a problem with the one of attributing objective properties to the constituents. In particular we will focus our attention to composite quantum systems composed of identical constituents, with the purpose of dealing with subtle issues, which have never been adequately discussed in the literature, originating from the true indistinguishability of the subsystems involved.
Acaricidal activity of Uvaria Versicolor and Uvaria Klaineana (Annonaceae)
Authors: Akendengue B. , Ngou‐Milama E. , Bourobou‐Bourobou H. , Essouma J. , Roblot F. , Gleye C. , Laurens A. , Hocquemiller R. , Loiseau P. , Bories C. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThree Uvaria species, namely U. klaineana, U. mocoli and U. versicolor were tested in vitro against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the European house dust mite. The most active extracts were the Uvaria versicolor stems crude methanol and hexane extracts with EC50 values of 0.095 g/m2 and 0.12 g/m2, respectively. The bioassay‐guided fractionation of the hexane extract led to the isolation of benzyl benzoate (1) which exhibited an EC50 value of 0.045 g/m2. A new ﬂavanone, versuvanone (2), and the known oxoaporphine liriodenine (3) were also isolated from this species and showed EC50 values > 1.5 g/m2. A weak acaricidal activity (0.85 g/m2) was observed for the dichloromethane extract of Uvaria klaineana, due to the presence of benzyl benzoate. Uvaria mocoli was inactive. The structures of compounds were elucidated using 2D‐NMR techniques. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crown gall – a plant tumour with biological activities
Authors: Brantner A. H. , Asres K. , Chakraborty A. , Tokuda H. , Mou X. Y. , Mukainaka T. , Nishino H. , Stoyanova S. , Hamburger M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractPetroleum ether, acetone, 80% MeOH and water extracts of crown gall, a plant tumour, obtained from Eucalyptus globulus tree were screened for cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiinﬂammatory, embryotoxic, antitumour‐promoting and antimicrobial activities.In terms of bioactivity the 80% MeOH extract was most effective followed by the acetone extract. The petroleum ether extract showed weak to moderate cytotoxic activity in dose‐dependent manner against PC12 cells, mouse L ﬁbroblasts and 1321N1 glia cells, whereas the hydroalcohol extract had no or a weak cytotoxic effect. The 80% MeOH extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Based on the in vitro HET‐CAM assay all the extracts were effective against inﬂammation. The extracts did not show any embryotoxic effect at the concentrations tested. Antitumour‐promoting activity (100% inhibition; 100 µg/mL) was observed in the 80% MeOH and acetone extracts. In the antimicrobial screening all extracts displayed predominantly antifungal activity against Candida sp. The extracts also showed various levels of antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, Ps. aeruginosa, Bac. subtilis and Staph. epidermidis.From the results of the investigations it can be concluded that crown gall is a valuable plant tumour tissue having interesting biological activities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cDNA cloning, biochemical and phylogenetic characterization of β‐ and β′‐subunits of Candida albicans protein kinase CK2
Authors: Zelada Alicia , De Souza Flávio S. J. , Walz Katherina , Giasson Luc , Passeron Susana 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe have previously reported that Candida albicans protein kinase CK2 is composed of two distinct catalytic (α‐ and α′‐) and two distinct regulatory (β‐ and β′‐) subunits. We report here the isolation of two cDNAs clones, CaCKB1 and CaCKB2, encoding C. albicans β‐ and β′‐subunits, respectively. The predicted β‐ and β′‐proteins have calculated molecular masses of 34 kDa and 31 kDa and show all major features conserved in β‐subunits of other organisms, including the N‐terminal autophosphorylation site, the internal acidic region and a potential metal‐binding motif. The deduced amino acid sequence of C. albicans β‐subunit displays 48% identity with that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and has an unusually long C‐terminal acidic region containing a putative autophosphorylation site. C. albicans β′ shows 54% sequence identity with its S. cerevisiae homologue. Semi‐quantitative RT–PCR analyses indicate that the mRNAs corresponding to both subunits are present in similar amounts in the yeast and hyphal forms of the fungus. To evaluate the biochemical properties of C. albicans β‐ and β′‐subunits, both proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Experiments performed in vitro indicate that both recombinant subunits reconstitute a fully functional holoenzyme when incubated with stoichiometric amounts of human recombinant α‐subunit, as judged by their ability to abolish basal phosphorylation of calmodulin by human recombinant α‐subunit and the reversion of the inhibitory effect by polylysine. In addition, both regulatory subunits can be phosphorylated by human recombinant α subunit. Phylogenetic analysis of β‐ and β′‐proteins of C. albicans and other organisms shows that the CKB gene duplication occurred before the split of the ascomycete and basidiomycete lineages. cDNA sequences of C. albicans CKB1 (Accession No. AF0599060) and CKB2 (Accession No. AY172319) have been deposited in the GenBank database. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer response to service and product quality: A study of motor vehicle owners
Authors: Archer N.P. , Wesolowsky G.O. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThere is currently much interest in the idea of integrated quality management for durable products, extending from the product design, development and manufacturing process and through the ownership cycle of the product. We have carried out a logit analysis of events pertaining to a critical incident model which demonstrates how quality in both the product and its supporting services, as well as the interactions between these factors, can affect owner intentions regarding future purchases. The model was evaluated through a study of 659 motor vehicle owners. Two of our specific conclusions are: (1) our data suggests that owners tend to have a tolerance towards negative vehicle incidents, but negative service incidents can harm owner perceptions of both the dealer and the manufacturer, and (2) positive critical incidents can counteract negative critical incidents. Proactively creating positive service incidents and avoiding negative service incidents can help improve customer loyalty to the service agent and counteract negative vehicle incidents which affect loyalty to the manufacturer. We also suggest that the results from this study may be generalizable to service and product quality management for other types of equipment.
Retinal degeneration in primates raised on a synthetic human infant formula
Authors: Sturman John A. , Wen Guang Y. , Wisniewski Henryk M. , Neuringer Martha D. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA degeneration of the retinal cone photoreceptor cells, but not of the rod photoreceptor cells, is present in rhesus monkeys raised from birth for 26 months on a commercially available human infant protein hydrolyzate formula. This degeneration is associated with a selective decrease in plasma taurine concentration, and is entirely prevented by supplementing the formula with taurine. A reduced conedominated ERG was present at 10 months, but not at 18 or 26 months. These results suggest that the implications of the reduced taurine concentrations in human infants fed synthetic formulas containing little or no taurine should be reconsidered, since adverse effects on the visual system may only be detectable at the ultrastructural level.
In vivo uptake of heterologous alphafetoprotein and serum albumin by ependymal cells of developing chick embryos
Authors: Moro Ricardo , Fielitz Walter , Esteves Adriana , Grunberg José , Uriel José 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe in vivo uptake by neuroepithelial cells of rat serum proteins injected into the mesencephalic cavity of developing chicken was demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods. It was found that 48 h after inoculation, rat alphafetoprotein (AFP) and serum albumin (SA) localize in the same places as do chicken AFP and SA. No labelling was present for rat or chicken IgG. We also present evidence showing that chicken ovalbumin, which is not normally found inside ependymal cells is not internalized even when injected into the cerebrospinal fluid at 30‐fold its physiological concentration. The existence of transient specific receptors which could be responsible for this protein uptake is proposed. The possible implications in relation to developmental biology are discussed.
Muscarinic receptor regulation in the sympathetically innervated avian expansor secundariorum
Authors: Rush R. A. , Crouch M. F. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractWe sought to examine further the regulation of muscarinic receptors in the developing expansor secundariorum, a smooth muscle of the avian wing. [3H]Quinuclidinyl benzilate binding was used as a measure of muscarinic receptors present in the muscle, which gradually decline in density from hatch during the following few weeks. Receptor loss can be prevented by denervation of the muscle immediately after hatch, but receptor density is not recovered by denervation in older birds. As the major innervation is provided by sympathetic, noradrenergic fibres with no evidence of a cholinergic input, the action of several pharmacological agents known to affect noradrenergic transmission was examined. Reserpine partially prevented the early receptor decline but phenoxybenzamine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium did not significantly affect receptor density. The muscle was also immobilized by tenotomy, since this unique muscle is attached to the shoulder by a long, discrete tendon. Tenotomy significantly retarded the normal developmental receptor loss. It is suggested that in this muscle, muscarinic receptor density is regulated by noradrenergic nerves, possibly by a mechanism involving the transmitter, noradrenaline.
Viability of locus coeruleus cultures in the fourth ventricle of the adult rat
Authors: Multon M.F. , McRae‐Degueurce A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractBoth tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase immunocytochemistry indicated the survival of catecholamine neurons and processes in 7‐day‐old organotype cultures of the locus coeruleus. Cultures of this age were transplanted in the 4th ventricle of adult rats via the cisterna magna. Two months after transplantation microscopic observations revealed that the transplant developed with a defined neural organization. Following tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry, immunoreactive cells were identified within the transplants. These results indicate that organotype cultures of the locus coeruleus survive within the 4th ventricle of adult rats.
Cerebellar DNA and tissue water changes in the brain of diabetes insipidus brattleboro rats are already present at birth
Authors: Boer G.J. , Dozy M.H. , Uylings H.B.M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractHomozygous (HOM) Brattleboro rat newborns, congenitally lacking vasopressin, weighed less than heterozygous controls born from HOM females and reared as 9‐pup litters. Whole brain and specific brain regions (cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata and colliculi but not the cerebellum) were also reduced in weight. Decreased tissue water content was observed in the regions affected in weight. In the cerebellum, on the other hand, a 20% lower DNA content was measured, which points to a prenatal origin for the impaired cerebellar neurogenesis which is known to exist postnatally.