bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
56.1: Novel LC Alignment Method using Diamond Like Carbon Film and Ion Beam Alignment
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshiki , Kato Yoshimine , Saitoh Yukito , Sakai Kazumi , Satoh Hiroyuki , Wako Kazuhiro , Odahara Shuichi , Toshifumi Nakamura , Nakagaki Johji , Nakano Hiroki , Chaudhari P. , Lacey James , Doyle James , Galligan Eileen , Lien Shui‐Chih Alan , Callegari Alessandro , Hougham Gareth , Andry Paul S. , John Richard , Lu Minhua , Cai Chen , Purushothman James Speidell Sampath , Ritsko John , Samant Mahesh , Stohr Joachim 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel LC alignment method has been developed. In this, the conventional polyimide film and cloth rubbing have been replaced by a diamond‐like‐carbon film and an ion beam respectively. The novel method has been used in pilot‐line manufacturing to produce super high quality panels: 15″ TN mode and 22″ IPS mode. These panels will be demonstrated, and the advantage of new method will be discussed.
56.3: Development of One Drop Fill Technology for AM‐LCDs
Authors: Kamiya Hiroyuki , Tajima Ken , Toriumi Kohichi , Terada Kazuo , Inoue Hiroshi , Yokoue Toshinobu , Shimizu Nobuo , Kobayashi Takeshi , Odahara Shuichi , Hougham Gareth , Cai Chen , Glownia James H. , von Gutfeld Robert J. , John Richard , Lien Shui‐Chih Alan 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new cell process for TFT‐LCDs which integrates the liquid crystal (LC) injection with the glass substrate assembly process has been developed and has similarities to that previously reported for passive LCDs. In this process LC is applied in droplets directly onto the glass substrate, and results in reduced LC waste, reduction of fabrication time, and overall process simplification. With this technology, we fabricated 22 inch diagonal, high‐resolution products and achieved better cell gap uniformity and fast (16.7 ms) time response for the in‐plane switching (IPS) mode LCDs.
12.2: A Conformable Electronic Ink Display using a Foil‐Based a‐Si TFT Array
Authors: Chen Y. , Denis K. , Kazlas P. , Drzaic P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe have fabricated prototype lightweight electronic ink displays on a conformable active‐matrix array sheet. The active matrix arrays were built using amorphous silicon thin film transistors and capacitors on a stainless steel foil substrate. These prototype displays possess a resolution of 40 dpi, with 52×64 pixels (active area 1.3 inch × 1.6 inch) on a 1.8 inch × 2.0 inch stainless steel substrate. The display possesses an ink on paper appearance, with wide‐viewing angle and good contrast ratio.
4.4: Polymer‐Stabilized FLCDs Exhibiting V‐ and Half‐V EO Characteristics
Authors: Kobayashi S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe electrooptic characteristics and the switchability of newly developed polymer‐stabilized(PS) FLCDs exhibiting V‐ and Half‐V(H‐V) characteristics have been investigated with FETs using FLC materials where FLC media are stabilized by both side‐chain and main‐chain polymers. The appearance of V or H‐V characteristics in the PS‐FLCD is shown to depend on the FLC material and the photocuring conditions. Color‐sequential LCD systems using both V and H‐V‐FLCDs will be discussed.
14.2: Novel Device Structure of MIM Cathode Array for Field Emission Displays
Authors: Sagawa M. , Kusunoki T. , Suzuki M. , Tsuji K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new device structure of an MIM‐cathode array with the passivation layer has been developed for FED. This design makes possible self‐patterning of the top electrode. As the results, high emission current density of 80mA/cm2 was successfully obtained in the 1.5′(3.8‐cm)‐diameter, 60 × 60 pixels cathode array.
14.4L: Late‐News Paper: Thin Film Edge‐Emitter Field Emission Flat Panel Display
Authors: Kastalsky Alex , Shokhor Sergey , Hou Jack , Naar Sylvain , Abanshin Nikolai , Gorfinkel Boris 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNew approach in FED technology based on edge emission from a thin carbon film is presented. Planar technology is employed to provide efficient electron emission and high brightness in the structure with the effective cathode‐to‐anode spacing of about 1 μm. Alpha‐numerical displays of different colors are demonstrated with the luminance up to 28,000 cd/m2 at voltages around 300 V and phosphor luminous efficiency of ∼ 5–6 lm/W for blue‐green color.
15.2: Development of an UXGA Display System by a Digital Packet Video Link
Authors: Hanari Jun , Watanabe Manabu , Okazaki Atsuo , Mamiya Johji , Sugiuchi Yoh , Yamauchi Kazushi , Futami Toshio , Kasai Naruhiko 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the development an UXGA Display system by using a trial Digital Packet Video(PV) Link for a next‐generation interface(I/F). We already presented the basic idea and performance about this system. Then, we can apply this system for a QUXGA display, and then we can decrease the data transfer rate from PC to LCD. So we can solve the problem of I/F by this system, we propose the Digital PV Link as a standard for the next generation I/F of high density displays.
15.3: Color Error Diffusion: Accurate Luminance from Coarsely Quantized Displays
Authors: Klompenhouwer Michiel A. , de Haan Gerard 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA video signal should use as many bits (gray levels) as possible, to obtain sufficient amplitude resolution for high quality images. However, (digital) displays use a limited number of bits. We propose a modification to the error diffusion algorithm that enables a decrease in the number of bits, without a decrease in luminance accuracy.
16.2: Bistable Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals Display with Permanent Grayscales and Fast Switching
Authors: Xie Z. L. , Meng Z. G. , Ng K. W. , Tang B. Z. , Wong Man , Kwok H. S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractPermanent grayscales in a π bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display have been demonstrated. This display can be switched between −22.5° and 157.5° twist states by means of a combination of strong in‐plane electric fields and vertical electric field for creating both the planar anchoring breaking and an electro‐hydrodynamic flow. The switching of the twist states during the Frederiks transition is sufficiently inhomogeneous such that domains of −22.5° twisted and 157.5° twisted states are formed. The ratio of these domains can be controlled by the vertical electric field. Fast switching of 1 ms was achieved for gray scales. These grayscales have very long lifetime.
5.1: Invited Paper: History and Status of Organic Light Emitting Device (OLED) Technology for Vehicular Applications
Authors: Mahon Janice K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWith the drive to convey much more information in today's vehicles to both driver and passenger, organic light emitting device (OLED) technology has begun to capture the attention of automotive systems designers and engineers. OLED displays are bright, emissive devices that offer excellent color gamut, wide viewing angle and high contrast. Passive matrix (PM) monochrome and multi‐color OLEDs have been introduced in products including an automotive audio console and cellular telephone. In the near future, full‐color, high‐resolution active matrix (AM) OLEDs with excellent power efficiency, particularly through the use of new high‐efficiency phosphorescent materials, will also be available. Finally, continued progress toward meeting more rigorous requirements, for thermal stability and extended lifetimes, including those of the automotive environment, are foreseen. Moreover, recent technological advances such as display flexibility and transparency have created exciting new ways to integrate OLEDs into vehicles. In this paper, we discuss the status of OLED technology, highlighting some of the key features and performance measures that are most important to the automotive designer and engineer.
17.1: Invited Paper: Direction of Low‐Temperature p‐Si Technology
Authors: Kanzaki Koichi , Sakamoto Masanori 
Published: January 2005

AbstractLow temperature p‐Si technology road map is proposed and discussed focusing on the evollution of TFT performance and integration density. Integration of DAC and control circuits will realize lighter‐weight and lower cost display, where, higher resolution and larger display size require higher TFT performance. While, higher integration density enables multi‐bits(∼ 8bits) memories in pixels and significantly reduces the driving power consumption. Another key is the combination of OLED, which will replace LCD and become the main stream flat panel technology.
17.2: Invited Paper: Wide Aspect FPM with Calibrated High Information Content Display
Authors: Evanicky D. E. , Medina O. I. , Daeda B. , Mendelson J. D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractEach year the Society awards the Display of the Year Award to several display devices that exhibit leading edge technology or innovative solutions to an information display need. The following paper provides a summary of the Silicon Graphics 1600SW™ Flat Panel Monitor, the recipient of the 1999 Silver Display of the Year award presented in May 2000. Addressing the explosion of computer graphics usage makes the need for accurate image reproduction obvious. The SGI 1600SW can change its spectral emission characteristics through the use of an embedded measuring device and independent color temperature control. Its optical features, white balance adjustment, the ergonomics of its wide aspect ratio and high information content display, and the development of its digital interface will be described.
17.4: Invited Paper: Image Processor Architecture Enables Smart LCD™ Design Integrating LCD Panel with Display Controller Electronics
Authors: Greenberg Robert , Michel Tamara , Kim Sang‐Soo , Seouk Jun H. , Kim Joseph , Park Jin‐Ho 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSmart LCD™ is an emerging concept in the display industry that means all the LCD Monitor system electronics are integrated into the LCD panel module resulting in LCD modules with more common analog or digital interface connectors (DSUB15/DVI) and required control electronics. The benefits to system integrators and OEMs using LCD display technology is to eliminate the separate, uniquely designed, controller board by moving the “intelligence” into the panel, thus dramatically reducing the effort and cost necessary to integrate LCD display technology into monitors and systems using displays. The ImageProcessor Architecture, combining a highly integrated “system‐on‐a‐chip” IC and complete software environment, is a unique enabling technology for this exciting new trend.
17.5:Invited Paper: Eyewear Platforms For Miniature Displays
Authors: Spitzer M. B. , Zavracky P. M. , Crawford J. , Aquilino P. , Hunter G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe use of eyewear as a platform for mobile display systems is gaining acceptance, owing to the high degree of miniaturization that is now possible in optics, electronics, and microdisplays. Eyewear offers unique features for display integration. This paper will review important aspects of eyewear display design and provide a progress report on eyewear display development.
5.2: Automotive LCD Backlighting Issues and Solutions
Authors: Weindorf P. , Milne G. , Anderson D. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA number of backlighting issues face developers of vehicular LCD's. User comfort, safety and backlight life can be addressed through the design of automatic luminance control circuits. Additionally, extended temperature performance must be assured. Design issues and solutions for backlights in vehicular display applications are discussed.
19.1: Invited Paper: Xe Discharge Backlights for LCDs
Authors: Mikoshiba Shigeo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMercury‐free, Xe fluorescent lamps are becoming more and more important for LCD backlights, not only from the environmental point of view but for attaining high picture quality. The paper explains underlying limitations assessed to the Xe glow discharges and introduces various Xe backlights with a stress on a flat discharge lamp.
19.3: Optimized LCD Backlight for Outdoor and High Brightness Applications
Authors: Blanchard Randall 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA high intensity backlight for use with large LCD panels has been developed. It supports the performance and environmental requirements of a display intended for outdoor applications. It uses an inductively coupled electrodeless fluorescent lamp. The backlight lamp has a lifetime of 100,000 hours with instant starting at −40°C and a stable light output over a 70°C temperature span. The backlight design has been optimized for luminance uniformity and efficiency within a display depth of 6″. A wide format 22″ LCD display with this backlight technology provides an image brightness of 1,200 cd/m2 from a single 150‐watt lamp.
5.3: LCD Projection Image Source for Head‐Up Display
Authors: Brown Robert D. , Modro David H. , Greer Michael R. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the performance requirements, design, and fabrication of a LCD projection image source for use in a wide field of view head‐up display (HUD) optical system. The LCD projector replaces the commonly used CRT, with the intended benefits of lower cost, multicolor, improved raster brightness, and digital interface. Predicted and measured results are reported, with descriptions of the key technical challenges.
20.3: Super‐High Luminance Light‐Source Device with Carbon Nanotube Emitter
Authors: Yotani Junko , Uemura Sashiro , Nagasako Takeshi , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Yamada Hiromu , Ezaki Tomotaka , Saito Yahachi , Ando Yoshinori , Zhao Xinluo , Yumura Motoo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been attracting considerable attention as field emitters. An excellent performance of carbon‐nanotubes as field‐emitters was demonstrated using a high‐voltage FED element at Society for Information Display (SID) in 1998 where a lighting element for outdoor large size display and a flat panel were presented with the screen printed nanotube cathode. After that, we reported experimental results of a light source tube which was able to be emitted luminous flux of more than 1000lm in prospect at International Display Workshops'00 (IDW'00).In this paper, we described a light‐source device which performed super‐high luminance with special multi‐walled nanotubes (MWNTs) called nanografiber (NGF) as field emitters. The electrodes passed through electrons was improved for more uniform landing to the phosphor screen. X‐ray shield and cooling for phosphor screen were investigated for a practical use and life‐time confirmation. The device was experimentally applied to one of projection displays with liquid crystal display (LCD) as light sources.NGF cathodes have been tested under dc driving condition with high current and high anode voltage(25–30kV) against high voltage ion bombardment. The degradation of phosphors has been tested to maintain super‐high luminance under high density electron irradiation and efficient cooling.
20.4: Printable Triode Structure Carbon Nanotubes Field Emission Display
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Chung , Chang Yu‐Yang , Sheu Jyh‐Rong , Ho Jia‐Chong , Liao Jane‐Hway , Cheng Hua‐Chi , Hsiao Ming‐Chun , Han Cheng‐Xian , Huang Shin‐Mao , Wang Wen‐Chun 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA 4‐inch, 64×256 pixels, diode structure carbon nanotubes (CNT) field emission displays have been fabricated after screen printing and vacuum sealing process. The design and process for CNT‐emitters arrays of triode structure were studied and developed. The dielectric layer and gate electrode were fabricated by printing on cathode plate.
21.1: Electro‐optical Characterization of Reflective LCDs
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Laur Jürgen , Neumeier Jürgen 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe concept of the BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is applied to analyze, characterize and understand the reflective properties of LCDs and their components in more detail. BRDFs are measured in the plane of light incidence with a goniometric apparatus (“in‐plane BRDF”) while the full 2‐dimensional BRDF is measured with a conoscopic device. BRDF‐curves of typical reflective LCDs clearly show the individual contributions of the first surface (unwanted reflections) and the component from the reflector, which is modulated by the LC‐cell and is thus carrying the information to be displayed. The effect of anti‐glare coatings on the front polarizer surface is analyzed via BRDF measurements.Based on the acquired BRDF data we explain the function of a device for diffuse reflective illumination that can be considered as the correspondence to the “dark‐room condition” in the case of transmissive LCDs since it is designed to effectively avoid disturbing unwanted reflections from the first display to air interface and, at the same time assuring illumination over a wide solid angle (up to 70°).
21.3: NIST Colorimetric Calibration Facility for Displays — Part 2
Authors: Manoocheri Farshid , Brown Steven W. , Ohno Yoshi 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDevelopment of a calibration facility for spectroradiometric, colorimetric, and goniometric measurements of displays, display colorimeters, and spectroradiometers has been completed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). An overview of the facility and results of the characterization measurements are presented. The results show that the facility is capable of measuring colors of sources with an expanded uncertainty 0.001 for chromaticity (x,y) and 1 % for luminance (Y). The new calibration services from NIST are designed to reduce the uncertainty of color measurements using commercial instruments to a level approaching that of the NIST reference instrument.
22.1: PH‐VAN System Design for High Contrast Rub‐Free Microdisplays
Authors: Anderson James E. , Gandhi Jignesh , Stefanov Michael E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractIf circular polarizers are incorporated into a microdisplay system, a Vertically Aligned Nematic (VAN) cell design with perfect homeotropic alignment can be used. This alignment is easy to achieve and removes the rubbing step from the manufacturing process. Perfect Homeotropic VAN (PH‐VAN) cells have the performance advantage of ultra high contrast.
22.3: Diffuse Renditions of Spatially Pixelated and Temporally Multiplexed H‐PDLCs for Full Color Reflective Displays
Authors: Fontecchio Adam K. , Qi Jun , Escuti Michael J. , Amimori Ichiro , Crawford Gregory P. , Faris Sadeg 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report on incorporating a diffuse film into our spatial and angular multiplexing techniques to form Diffuse Holographically‐formed Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals (DHPDLC) using a single holographic exposure thus creating wide viewing angle multicolor reflective displays. Our work has resulted in a device with an increased viewing cone for wide viewing angle applications.
23.3: A Novel Photoaddressable Electronic Paper Utilizing Cholesteric LC Microcapsules and Organic Photoconductor
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Kobayashi H. , Kakinuma T. , Hikichi T. , Hiji N. , Ishii T. , Harada Y. , Koshimzu M. , Maruyama K. , Niitsu T. , Suzuki T. , Tsuda D. , Arisawa H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel photoaddressable electronic paper has been developed. It has a spatial light modulator (SLM) structure that consists of microencapsulated cholesteric liquid crystal and an organic photoconductive layer between flexible plastic thin films. An A6‐ size prototype E‐Paper sheet exhibits greater than 20% reflectivity, a 4:1 contrast ratio and a wide viewing angle. Images transferred by the projection of a 2D image with a 200 ms electrical pulse exhibit nonvolatility without power and excellent stability against deformation of the sheet.
23.4: A Liquid Crystal Fresnel Zone Device and Its Light Focusing Properties
Authors: Ren Hongwen , Zhang Ligong , Xuan Li , Chen Ming , Huang Ximin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA novel light‐focus device was fabricated and demonstrated. The device consists of two glass substrates and one liquid crystal (LC) layer. Each indium tin oxide electrode coated on the two inner substrate surfaces of the device was etched into Fresnel zone patterns. In field‐off state, the transmission is uniform and light is not focused. In field‐on state, a 2π phase difference between adjacent zones can be adjusted. Then the device becomes a Fresnel phase zone plate and acts as a lens. Moreover, for getting transmission independent of light polarization direction, the LC layer was treated by twist of 180° along the normal of substrate surfaces.
24.1: Invited Paper: Pursuit of Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Dawson R. M. A. , Kane M. G. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe promise of organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays is becoming a reality as demonstrated by the passive matrix OLED displays already in the market. The passive matrix architecture cannot support the high resolutions expected by the consumer due to the currents required to perform the high degree of multiplexing. The gap between expectation and performance is driving continued development of active matrix OLED (AMOLED) displays that do support the required high information content formats. Pixel‐to‐pixel uniformity across a large area is a key consideration for AMOLED displays fabricated using thin film transistor technologies. Transistor technologies including a‐Si:H, poly‐Si, crystalline Si, and organics will be reviewed with respect to application to AMOLED displays.
24.2 Direct View Active Matrix VGA OLED‐on‐Crystalline‐Silicon Display
Authors: Sanford James L. , Schlig Eugene S. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the pixel and array circuitry, which includes a CMOS SRAM cell and a precision current source at each pixel, of a direct view VGA active matrix OLED‐on‐crystalline‐silicon display, developed jointly by IBM Research Division and eMagin Corporation. The display has applications for low‐power personal information appliances such as a computer wristwatch. The display obtains data and control signals directly from the memory bus of the appliance's processor.
L‐3: Late‐News Paper: Autostereoscopic Display for Image, Film, and Video Applications
Authors: Just Dieter , Runge Hartmut 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA new autostereoscopic display is presented that allows one or several observers to view a three‐dimensional object scene from different angles. The observers need no viewing aids, e.g. goggles or head‐trackers. The viewed perspective changes when an observer moves his head or changes his position relative to the object scene. The display is conceptually simple and does only require two key components.
26.1: Simple and Accurate Optical Reflection and Phase Compensation Methods for Reflective LCD Cell Gap
Authors: Ong Hiap L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe developed two fast, simple, and accurate optical methods for reflective LCD cell‐gap measurements. One method uses optical reflection, while the other uses optical phase compensation. They have higher accuracy, simpler setup and procedure, and lower cost than the present optical interference method. The typical measurement accuracy is about 0.05, 0.1, and 0.3um respectively, for phase compensation, optical reflection, and optical interference methods.
26.2: A Two‐Dimensional and Hyperfine Measurement Method of Cell Parameter Distributions in the Reflective LC Cell by Using a Stokes Parameter Method
Authors: Kawamura Marenori , Sato Susumu 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe propose a two‐dimensional (2D) measurement method for precisely determining cell parameter distributions in reflective LC displays. The hyperfine 2D cell thickness distribution can easily and rapidly be determined by measuring Stokes parameters of the LC cells for each pixel of a CCD camera.
26.4: Assembly of Reflective PDLC Microdisplays
Authors: Bruyneel Filip , De Smet Herbert , Vanfleteren Jan , Van Calster André 
Published: January 2005

AbstractDifferent methods for the filling and the assembly of reflective PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) microdisplays with a 4 μm cell gap are evaluated. The filling of the vias in the microdisplay and the stability of the cell gap after the curing of the PDLC are important parameters for displays with a high brightness.