bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Common Bacteria Blight Disease Detection Model for Common Bean Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Senbato Assefa , Ayalew Tsion 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In many farm locations in Ethiopia, common bacterial blight (CBB), one of the common bean's known diseases, impacts the crop, lowers yield by up to 45 percent of the production, and also has an impact on seed quality. Recently, many researchers have tried to overcome this disease by conducting field surveys, crop management activities, crop rotation, chemical treatment, proper cultural practices, and integrated disease management. However, this method is a very tedious, time-consuming, and costly technique that requires more experts. To overcome these issues, a modern deep learning approach is proposed for the early detection of common bean disease. The three main phases are followed for the proposed approach. Firstly, the collection of healthy and diseased common bean images with the help of domain experts from different agricultural research centers is done. Then the design of a modern convolutional neural network that can detect and classify the input image as diseased or healthy is done. Lastly, the designed model is trained and evaluated. During the classification, the designed model is assessed against the performance of two pre-trained models (VGG16 and InceptionV3) to accurately detect the common bean disease. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using a dataset that contains total images of 3,135 with two classes of healthy and common bacterial blight disease. We have used data augmentation techniques to generate more images to fit the proposed model. Based on our experimental results, the best performance is achieved using a proposed model with a classification accuracy of 98.2% for early detection of common bacterial blight disease on a common bean leaf. The result of this study can help farmers and domain experts by detecting CBB disease at an early stage for the necessary treatments.
Vinpocetine Exerts Neuroprotective Effects via Downregulating α-Syn in Rotenone-induced Cellular Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ji Meng , Xu Ji-Hua , Mi He-Yin , Jiang Peng , Li Yue 
Published: October 2023

Objective:
Vinpocetine (Vinp), a derivative of alkaloid vincristine with anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant effects, has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Its role and mechanisms, however, are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to
investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of Vinp on PD cells.

Methods:
SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Vinp and then with rotenone to induce a cellular model
of PD. The proliferation level and apoptosis rate of SH-SY5Y cells after different treatments were
detected by MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Western blot was used to determine the
relative protein expression of α-Synuclein (α-Syn) in differently treated cells. Additionally, commercial kits and ELISA were used to determine oxidative stress-related indicators (superoxide dismutase
[SOD], malondialdehyde [MDA], and reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and inflammatory factors
(tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin-5 [IL-5], and interleukin-1β [IL-1β]) in SH-SY5Y cells
after different treatments, respectively.

Results:
Vinp at different concentrations (5, 10, and 50 µM) had no significant effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. For rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells, Vinp pretreatment
could significantly reduce α-Syn expression, increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis, oxidative stress (downregulation of ROS and MDA levels and upregulation of SOD activity) and inflammation (increased levels of TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-1β). In contrast, overexpression of α-Syn in SHSY5Y cells with Vinp pretreatment and rotenone induction partially reversed the aforementioned
protective effects of Vinp, causing a decrease in proliferation, an increase in apoptosis rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Conclusion:
Vinp exerted neuroprotective effects by downregulating α-Syn to promote proliferation,
inhibit apoptosis, and inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation in rotenone-induced SH-SY5Y cells.
The Analytical Scheme on the Inertial Drag for Buoyancy-driven Nanofluid Flow Under Convective Thermal Surface with the Soret Effect
Authors: Pattnaik P.K. , Panda Subhajit , Mishra S.R. , Nayak Krushna K.P.N. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
The two-dimensional mixed convection of nanofluid over a vertical expanding surface is analysed in the current discussion. The expanding surface is embedded in a permeable medium.

Methods:
In advance, Darcy Forchheimer inertial drag is considered along with the influence of Brownian and thermophoresis, which enriches the study. The novelty of the study is due to the mass concentration along with the role of volume concentration in the flow phenomena. The proposed model is designed in association with a characterizing parameter, which is attained by the use of appropriate similarity conversion. Further, the system of first-order differential equations is resolved by employing a shooting-based numerical method, in particular, the Runge-Kutta fourth-order technique.

Results:
The simulated results for the said parameters and their behaviour are deployed through graphs and in tabular form.

Conclusion:
The physical description of each parameter is deliberated briefly. Finally, the important outcomes of the proposed study reported a remarkable hike in the temperature profile that is observed for the enhanced thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Further, the shear rate also increases for the enhanced mixed convection parameter.
Root Silicon Amendment Enhances Barley’s Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in the Field
Authors: Sakr Nachaat , Kurdali Fawaz 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Silicon (Si) amendment plays an important role in enhancing the resistance of several plant species to diverse pathogens. To date, a few studies have focused on how Si application helps barley, a higher Si absorber and accumulator monocot, to resist fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB), which reduces the quality and safety of harvested products worldwide. However, no study has ever been conducted to demonstrate Si's ability to suppress FHB development in barley heads under uncontrolled climatic conditions.

Materials and Methods:
This 2-year field study elucidated the effect of multiple Si applications at 1.7 mM via roots in two barley cultivars, Arabi Aswad (AS moderately resistant) and Arabi Abiad (AB moderately susceptible), to control four Fusarium species with diverse pathogenicity. The incidence of FHB (DI type I resistance), severity of FHB (DS type II), and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK type III) were also tested to describe the nature of the Si-enhanced barley resistance.

Results:
Si treatment at 1.7 mM under soil culture decreased FHB development by enhancing all resistance types measured in the present research. DI, DS, and FDK were reduced by 18.7%, 20.3%, and 20.2%, respectively, in Si-Fusarium-inoculated treatments relative to fungal-inoculated controls. Si absorption in barley strengthened the defense system measured by type I and type II on AB to a level comparable to AS not amended with Si. Irrespective of the barley cultivar, however, Si resulted in a quasi-similar reduction of FDK. Importantly, Si treatment at 1.7 mM decreased the damage of FHB in previous analyses conducted on AS and AB under in vitro and growth chamber environments, showing that Si enhanced the expression of resistance to FHB infection in seedlings and adult barley plants.

Conclusion:
All of these results are promising outcomes for the application of Si as a safe and effective method against Fusarium species. This study provides new insights into the potential of multiple Si applications at 1.7 mM via roots for boosting barley’s resistance to FHB with a bright prospect for Si use in barley cultivation under field conditions.
The Production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A by Aspergillus Strains Isolated from Rice: Under In vitro Conditions
Authors: Nazarizadeh Hasan , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad , Pourreza Javad 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Rice supplies a significant proportion of nutritional needs around the world. The fungal species that cause severe contamination of rice grains have created a major challenge to ensuring food safety.

Methods:
Thus, This study adopts an appropriate local method using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for the production of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin-A in Aspergillus flavus (NRRL strain 2999) and A. acrasus (NRRL strain 7431), receptively.

Results:
Promising early results suggest that an optimum protocol for the production of mycotoxin includes a temperature of 28°C for 21 d incubation. The average levels of A. flavus and A. acrasus were 625 and 482.67 μg/g, respectively, by comparing the fluorescence with the standard. As a result, a new and rapid method using PDA as a culture medium and TCL was developed to produce mycotoxins in rice from the Persian market.

Conclusion:
This study provides a novel (optimum) mechanistic approach concerning mycotoxins production from fungal species that could improve quality and ascertain its safety either in the field or in storage.
Tooth Color Differences between Digital Photography and Spectrophotometer in both Genders: An In vivo Study
Authors: Moazam Ryhana Mohammad Zakir Hiyat , Ghani Zuryati Ab , Ahmad Wan Muhamad Amir W. , Halim Mohamad Syahrizal , Jamayet Nafij Bin , Rawas Matheel Zohir AL. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Tooth color is one of the most concerning issues in cosmetic dentistry. Different lighting, materials, and genders have influenced tooth color, hence, influencing the esthetic appearance. Knowing the differences between different materials to measure tooth color and differences in tooth color between genders could help in better understanding and choosing artificial tooth color.

Objective:
This study aims to compare two color-measuring methods, spectrophotometer and standardized digital photography, and gender differences in terms of tooth color.

Methods:
An evaluation of 300 vital maxillary central and lateral incisors was carried out on 150 adult participants. Tooth color was measured using the CIEL*a*b* color system on digital photography images and the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. The settings for digital photography were standardized, and the reliability of the method was tested. An independent sample t-test was used to compare the two color-measuring methods and gender differences in terms of tooth color, with a significant level set at p = 0.05.

Results:
There were statistically significant differences between Vita Easyshade Spectrophotometer and digital photography in all color spaces (L*, a*, and b*) for central and lateral incisors. There was a significant difference between males’ and females’ L* color space in digital photography for central (p = 0.04) and lateral (p = 0.05) incisors. The reliability of the digital photography method used in this study was high.

Conclusion:
Tooth colors were found to be lighter and more yellowish in VITA Easyshade compared to the digital camera. Females had lighter teeth compared to males in digital photography. The digital photography method showed excellent reliability.
Association of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Gene Polymorphisms with Gnetic Susceptibility of Psoriatic Arthritis in Kuwaiti Arab Patients
Authors: Al-Awadhi Adel M. , Haider Mohammad Z. , Al-Awadi Aminah M. , Kalarikkal Anita K. , Sukumaran Jalaja , Hasan Eman AH , Bartella Youssef A. 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritic disease in which joint inflammation occurs with psoriasis. It results from a complex interplay between genetic, immunological and environmental factors. In PsA, the activation of T cells is considered as a crucial step in the disease process. The T-lymphocytes affect the proliferation of epidermal skin cells and result in abnormal differentiation. Altered cytokine networks have been shown to play a central role in the pathogenesis of PsA. Psoriasis is characterized by Th-1 type cytokine pattern in which there is a marked variation in the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-13 (IL13) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This study investigated the association of IL6, IL13 and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms with genetic susceptibility of PsA in Kuwaiti patients.

Methods:
The genotypes of IL6 gene (-174G/C; rs1800795), IL13 gene (R130Q; rs20541) and TNF-alpha gene (-308A/G’ rs1800629) polymorphisms were detected in 113 Kuwaiti PsA patients and were compared to that in 104 healthy controls. The PsA patients were diagnosed on the basis of the presence of inflammatory arthritis with psoriasis with no rheumatoid factor in the serum. The genotypes for IL6, IL13 and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods and were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Results:
The frequency of IL6 gene (-174G/C; rs1800795) and TNF-alpha gene (-308A/G’ rs1800629) polymorphisms manifested a statistically significant difference between Kuwaiti PsA patients and controls. However, the frequency of IL13 gene (R130Q; rs20541) polymorphism did not show a significant difference between Kuwaiti PsA patients and the controls.

Conclusion:
Our data show an association of two cytokine gene polymorphisms in IL6 gene (-174G/C; rs1800795) and TNF-alpha gene (-308A/G’ rs1800629) with PsA in Kuwaiti patients highlighting their significant contribution to genetic susceptibility of this chronic disease possibly along with other factors.
Corn Field Management for Wintering Waterfowl on Eastern Long Island, New York
Authors: Flores Aidan J. , Schummer Michael L. 
Published: October 2023

Aim:
A novel corn field management program to feed wintering waterfowl was investigated.

Background:
Decreased food availability for waterfowl on the Atlantic coast may necessitate novel management.

Methods:
Standing sections of corn were chopped using a brush hog once every two weeks after the close of waterfowl hunting season on Long Island, New York, February – March 2018 and 2019. Corn was sampled to determine initial yield and waterfowl and other wildlife use, corn depletion, and relationships between depletion and energy needs of waterfowl were determined.

Results:
The mean (± SE) initial yield was 5,156.0 ± 1,306.7 kg/ha. Canada geese accounted for 54% of all waterfowl use and mallards were twice as abundant at corn fields than American black ducks. Fields averaged 4.08 ± 0.20 ha, but ~50% less corn could have been planted to meet the energy needs of waterfowl in this study. However, 27% of sections chopped in the first two weeks were depleted to zero or near zero, whereas sections chopped in the last two weeks had 1,954.9 ± 1,309.9 kg/ha of corn.

Conclusion:
More corn could have been chopped early in winter and less as spring approached to meet the seasonal energy needs of waterfowl. Waterfowl using corn fields could gain fitness advantages, but a better understanding of diets, body condition, and seasonal stress, as well as the use of corn fields relative to other habitats by individual Canada geese and ducks, are needed. Results provide guidance on the delivery of corn planting and chopping programs to feed wintering waterfowl in the northeastern United States.
A Narrative Review of Morquio Syndrome: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type IV
Authors: Robart Andrew C.W. , Alexander Abbey F. J. , Al-Mehiawi Adil , Abuallut Ismael , Hazon Nir Shoham 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Morquio Syndrome or Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV (MPS IV) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of certain lysosomal enzymes involved in the breakdown of mucopolysaccharides. The deficiency results in proteoglycan accumulation, particularly keratan sulfate in various tissues in the body. Morquio Syndrome is classified into two subtypes: Morquio A and Morquio B, which are distinguished by the specific enzyme deficiency involved, with Morquio A being more prevalent. Morquio Syndrome commonly affects the eyes with 46.7% of diagnosed patients experiencing ocular symptoms related to the disorder.

Objective:
To perform a comprehensive review of the existing literature and summarize the ophthalmological manifestations of Morquio Syndrome.

Methods:
A methodical literature search was conducted, including papers with abstracts discussing ophthalmology or ocular pathology of “Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV” or ” Morquio Syndrome.” Twelve relevant articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Seven of the articles consisted of case reports, collectively reporting on forty-one patients with Morquio Syndrome, primarily Morquio A. The outcome of the narrative review is an overview of the existing literature on ocular presentations of Morquio Syndrome and a summary of case report findings.

Results:
Forty-one different patients were identified from the included case reports, and forty patients were included as they presented with ocular pathology related to Morquio Syndrome. Corneal opacification was the most common presentation where twenty-seven patients had significant corneal opacification and seven patients had slight corneal opacification. Small, gray, spherical, dust-like opacities that dispersed among the stroma were most commonly seen in cases with corneal opacification. Other ocular presentations included decreased visual acuity, astigmatism, lens opacities, and glaucoma.

Conclusion:
Morquio syndrome, a rare genetic disorder, exhibits multiple ocular symptoms, with corneal opacification being the most common. While most research has concentrated on Morquio A, the more severe subtype, there's limited information on Morquio B, highlighting a need for more comparative studies. As the syndrome remains incurable, exploring new treatment avenues and understanding the reasons behind these ocular manifestations can significantly improve the quality of life for Morquio patients.
NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: A POTENTIAL NEW MEAN OF ASSESSING MULTICOMPONENT POLYHERBAL FORMULATION ON WAY BEFORE AND AFTER EXTRACTION
Authors: Maji Jayanta Kumar 
Published: October 2023

Objective:Traditional polyherbal medicine and their preparations have been widely used for the thousands of years in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects or dissatisfaction with the results of synthetic drugs. To establish a real time sustainable identification system of polyherbal powder and extract in favor of near infrared-spectroscopy & powder microscopy. To apply the multivariate chemometrics technique PCA, HCA for discrimination both class of multicomponent polyherbal powder and extract by the fundamental attribution of integrity and fuzziness. Â Materials and Method:The authenticated individual herbal, polyherbal pulverized powders & the dry extracts were sifted through eighty meshes. The samples were subjected to NIR spectral detection from 750 to 2500 nm at the interval of 1 nm. The powder microscopy of polyherbal powder, for identification was carried out by following routine procedure.Â Results:Original NIR spectra of polyherbal formulation containing heart-leaved moonseed, Indian Kino, Indian Liac, Ram's horn, Fenugreek, black berry powder and extract showed characteristic hydroxyl hump peaking at about 2200 nm by naked eye. Discrimination of different sample class was also possible through the first order derivative transformation in context relative intensity of NIR sensitive registered generic CH, OH and NH functional group on some wavelength region. The principal component analysis is able to differentiate among samples as a function on PC scores.Conclusion: Chemometric method PCA and HCA is established as a reference library which significantly influences real time quality monitoring of uncontrolled natural variation plant kingdom.Â NIR analysis is useful because a sample may be rapidly tested without destroying its integrity.
Perubahan Perilaku Mantan Preman melalui Pendekatan Religi Pada Pencak Silat Kebatinan
Authors: Ruyadi Yadi , Fadillah Annisa , Azis Abdul 
Published: October 2023

Padepokan Sapu Jagat Sukabumi memiliki keterbukaan dalam menerima anggota seperti mantan preman agar konsisten dalam melakukan perubahan ke arah yang lebih religius. Padepokan Sapu Jagat menggunakan pendekatan religi yang terkandung pada Pencak Silat Kebatinan agar menjadikan mantan preman yang layak untuk kembali bergabung menjadi anggota masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendekatan religi dalam mengubah perilaku mantan preman yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk memperdalam makna mengenai pendekatan religi yang diterapkan melalui Pencak Silat Kebatinan. Adapun metode studi kasus digunakan untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena pertaubatan mantan preman. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara kepada 14 informan yang pernah terlibat aksi kejahatan. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi NVivo untuk melakukan proses koding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Padepokan Sapu Jagat Sukabumi menjadi wadah bagi mantan preman memperbaiki diri dan mempelajari nilai-nilai spiritual melalui Pencak Silat Kebatinan. Hal ini kemudian menjadikan mantan preman yang bertaubat dan menjalankan kehidupan sesuai ketentuan nilai dan norma agama yang sejalan dengan aturan masyarakat.

Padepokan Sapu Jagat Sukabumi has an openness in accepting members such as former thugs so that they are consistent in making changes to a more religious direction. Padepokan Sapu Jagat uses the religious approach contained in Pencak Silat Kebatinan to make former thugs worthy of rejoining society. This study aims to find out the religious approach in changing the behavior of ex-thugs for the better. This study uses a qualitative approach to deepen the meaning of the religious approach applied through Pencak Silat Kebatinan. The case study method is used to explore the phenomenon of repentance of former thugs. Data collection was carried out by observation, documentation and interviews with 14 informants who had been involved in criminal acts. Data analysis uses the NVivo application to carry out the coding process. The results showed that Padepokan Sapu Jagat Sukabumi became a place for former thugs to improve themselves and learn spiritual values through Kebatinan Pencak Silat. This then makes former thugs repent and lead a life according to the provisions of religious values and norms that are in line with societal rules. Thus, the religious approach can be an alternative method in regulating its followers to obey and adhere to religious provisions.