bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target Informed Client Recruitment for Efficient Federated Learning in Healthcare
Authors: Scheltjens Vincent , Momo Lyse Naomi Wamba , Verbeke Wouter , De Moor Bart 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background: Modern machine learning and deep learning methods have been widely incorporated in decision making processes in healthcare in the form of decision support mechanisms. In healthcare, data are abundant but typically not centrally available and, therefore, require some form of aggregation to facilitate training procedures. Aggregating sensitive data poses a significant privacy risk, which is why, both in Europe and the United States, legal frameworks regulate the treatment of such data. Whilst these measures protect the individual behind the data, they pose a significant challenge that results in extensive legal administration related to data sharing efforts. Federated learning (FL) offers a way to mitigate these challenges by allowing to learn models in distributed fashion, eliminating the need to aggregate data for the purpose of training. However, FL comes with a new set of challenges related to communication overhead, client selection and efficiency of the FL training procedure, among others.
Methods: In this work, we extend on a previously proposed client recruitment approach by incorporating knowledge on the local hardware such that it becomes possible to recruit a subset of clients for the federation based on the construct of client-level representativeness, which is expressed in terms of the local target distribution divergence, sample size, and the underlying hardware.
Results: We show that, for prominent, medical regression and classification tasks, the recruitment approach yields results that are on par, or better, compared to the central and federated approaches. The proposed approach requires a mere fraction of the data for training and reduces the training time by a factor of 3-4. In addition, we show that excluded clients can still significantly benefit from the resulting federated model through local fine-tuning.
Conclusions: By expressing the representativeness of clients in function of the deviation in the local target distribution, the sample size and efficiency of the underlying hardware, we are able to define a recruitment approach that yields a subset of clients for the federation resulting in significantly reduced training time, without harming predictive performance, whilst improving the privacy preserving characteristics compared to the standard FL and central approaches.
A Thangka cultural element classification model based on self-supervised contrastive learning and MS-Triplet Attention
Authors: Tang Wenjing , Xie Qing 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Being a significant repository of Buddhist imagery, Thangka images are valuable historical materials of Tibetan studies, which covers many domains such as Tibetan history, politics, culture, social life and even traditional medicine and astronomy. Thangka cultural element images are the essence of Thangka images. Hence Thangka cultural element images classification is one of the most important work of knowledge representation and mining in the field of Thangka, and is the foundation of digital protection of Thangka images. However, due to the limited quantity, high complexity and the intricate textures of Thangka images, the classification of Thangka images is limited to a small number of categories and coarse granularity. Thus a novel fusion texture feature dual-branch Thangka cultural elements classification model based on the attention mechanism and self-supervised contrastive learning has been proposed in this paper. Specifically, to address the issue of insufficient labeled samples and improve the classification performance, this method utilizes a large amount of unlabeled irrelevant data to pre-train the feature extractor through self-supervised learning. During the fine-tuning stage of the downstream task, a dual-branch feature extraction structure incorporating texture features has been designed, and MS-Triplet Attetnion proposed by us is used for the integration of important features. Additionally, to address the problem of sample imbalance and the existence of a large number of difficult samples in the Thangka cultural element data set, the Gradient Harmonizing Mechanism Loss has been adopted, and it has been improved by introducing a self designed adaptive mechanism. The experimental results on Thangka cultural elements dataset prove the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.The source code of our proposed algorithm and the related datasets is available at https://github.com/WiniTang/MS-BiCLR.
Watch the Moon, Learn the Moon: Lunar Geology Research at School Level with Telescope and Open Source Data
Authors: Luke Kevin , Mishra Abhinav , Ghare Vihaan , Chanyal Shaurya , Shukla Priyamvada , Pandey Anushreya , Rane Vaishnavi , Pathan Ashadieeyah , Vaja Parv , Gogate Sai , Tiwari Shreyansh , Singh Jagruti , Dhawda Dhruv 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Science-AI Symbiotic Group at Seven Square Academy, Naigaon was formed in 2023 with the purpose of bringing school students to the forefronts of science research by involving them in hands on research. In October 2023 a new project was started with the goal of studying the lunar surface by real-time observations and open source data. Twelve students/members from grades 8, 9, 10 participated in this research attempt wherein each student filled an observation metric by observing the Moon on various days with a Bresser Messier 150mm/1200mm reflector Newtonian telescope. After the observations were done, the members were assigned various zones on the lunar near side for analysis of geological features. Then a data analysis metric was filled by each of students with the help of Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera's/ LROC's quickmap open access data hosted by Arizona State University. In this short paper a brief overview of this project is given. One example each of observation metric and data analysis metric is presented. This kind of project has high impact for school science education with minimal costs. This project can also serve as an interesting science outreach program for organisations looking forward to popularise planetary sciences research at school level.
Higher Omicron JN.1 Coronavirus Transmission due to Unique 17MPLF Spike Insertion compensating 24LPP, 69HV, 145Y, 211N and 483V deletions in the spike
Authors: CHAKRABORTY ASIT KUMAR 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 Spike protein 24LPP, 69HV, 143VYY, 156FR, 212L deletions, 215EPE and 249RWMD insertions were very well characterized. Changes in spike likely select RBD in a favorable 3-D structure to interact with ACE-2 receptor of human cells for coronavirus entry. Our goal is to characterize the newly spreading JN.1 subvariant and related omicron coronaviruses. BLASTP search found a 17MPLF four amino acid insertion in omicron BA.2.86 subvariant and its precedent JN.1 subvariant which had unique L452S (L455 in Wuhan) spike mutation. The JN.1 variant also contained 2375SGF deletion in ORF1ab, 24LPP, 69HV, 145Y, 211N (208N in BA.2) and 483V (480V in BA.2) deletions in the spike, 31ERS deletion in N-protein and 26nt deletion in 3’-UTR (NC_045512.2). Many unique JN.1 spike mutations (242N = H249N, 261D = A268D, 352T = K360T, 400K = R407K, 442H = P449H, 449W = L456W, 474K = N485K, 480K = A488K and 566V = A574V) might be also important. The BLASTN search with insertion oligo found over 3895 JN.1 related sequences in the NCBI Database and were well distributed in America and Europe but more monopartite JN.1 sequences deposited from Europe. Although, JN.1 acquired the 69HV deletion lately but did not generated from BA.4 or BA.5 lineages and it was solely generated from BA.2.86 variant. Swiss-Model detected a wing structure with basic amino acid in the middle of tripartite spike of JN.1 and important ACE-2 first interacting surface amino acids were changed. The small M protein of JN.1 had D3H, A63T and A104V mutations but Swiss Model showed no gross change in 3-D structure. Further, four JN.1 specific ORF1ab polyprotein mutations were detected: T170I mutation in nsp1 as well as D1600N, K1973R mutations in nsp3 protease and R3821K mutation in nsp6. Astonishingly, after a long journey of XBB.1.5.1 to XBB.1.5.100 subvariants spread, a sudden five amino acids deletion (176EGKEG and180EGKQG in Wuhan) in the spike of XBB.1.5.103 subvariant was found. The ORF8 immune-regulatory protein expression was abolished in all XBB.1 subvariants including XBB.1.5.103 and XBB.1.16.23 as expected due to termination codon mutations (AAA = TAA, CAA = TAA, GGA = TGA). But such ORF8 gene mutation (GGA = TGA) was also found in ongoing dominated JD.1.1, FL.1.5.1, HV.1 and EG.5.1.1 subvariants, derived from XBB.1 lineage. The FL.1.5.1 variant also has 82GHV deletion instead 82GHVMV in the nsp1 protein as well as a 27nt deletion (27887 5’-aac gaa cat gaa att tct tgt ttt ctt-3’) in the ORF7a gene. Partial or no expression of nsp1, ORF7a and ORF8 regulatory proteins cause coronavirus more immune deficient and less pathogenic. The spread of JN.1 has sent an alarm among health officials worldwide. It is worthwhile to see if JN.1 coronavirus goes nsp1 or OR7a deletion and ORF8 termination codon mutation with time lowering pathogenicity.
Determination of the form of a spiral spring in a free state
Authors: Pylypaka Serhii , Volina Tetiana , Hropost Vyacheslav , Babka Vitaliy , Hryshchenko Iryna 
Published: January 2024

The object of research. This article deals with a spiral spring made of tape material with a rectilinear cross-section.
Investigated problem. If one end of a metal ruler is pinched, and a certain force is applied to the other end, it will bend under the action of the generated moment. The magnitude of the moment depends on the applied force and the length of the ruler. Therefore, the amount of deflection will increase with the increase of these parameters, and the shape of the ruler may take the spiral form. After the termination of the external load, the ruler will regain its original shape, that is, it will become straight. However, such spiral springs do not exist in practice. For compact sizes, the spring in its free state also has a spiral shape. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to find the elastic axis of a tape spiral spring in a free state, which under the action of a concentrated force takes a given shape.
The main scientific results. The shape of the spiral spring in the free state is determined, which under the action of the applied force acquires the desired shape, which does not lead to the occurrence of frictional forces between adjacent coils.
The area of practical use of research results. Spiral springs are widely used. One example is mechanical clock movements and measuring devices, in which the determination of indicators depends on the applied force that "unwinds" or "twists" the spring.
Innovative technological product. The paper calculates the elastic axis of a spiral spring in a free state according to its given final shape, taking into account the moment that arises as a result of the applied force at the end of the spring. For this, the nonlinear theory of absolutely elastic bending using the methods of differential geometry of curved lines as a function of the own length of the arc of the spring axis is applied.
The scope of application of the innovative technological product. The results obtained in the study can be used in the manufacture of spiral springs for various purposes, as well as for the accumulation of potential energy in the absence of other sources
Investigating The Transient Thermal Aeraulic Conditions of The ‘Sabat’ Space in Traditional Mediterranean Cities
Authors: Smail Sabah , Djenane Moussadek , Zemmouri Noureddine 
Published: January 2024

Cities are already experiencing the effect of climate change on their seasonal conditions, especially in the Mediterranean region where significant temperature increases are being observed. Walkability is an essential factor influenced by the global warming impacts and could significantly reshape the course of its magnitude. The current study is a part of a large research investigating the influence of transient thermal aeraulic conditions of ‘Sabat’ space, a traditional urban in-between space, on pedestrians’ walking experience in Mediterranean cities. The aim is to investigate the potential of Sabat in supporting a positive walking experience. The novel ‘thermal walk’ method was carried out to capture the dynamic pedestrian sensations, simultaneously, with mobile micrometeorological within two preselected walking routes in Algiers’ Casbah. This paper reports the mobile meteorological measurement of the ‘Casbah walk’ with the aim of exploring the potential of Sabat in generating transient thermal aeraulic conditions. The measurement campaigns were carried out for five days in late December (2022). The campaigns involved a total of 16 assessment points of covered (Sabat) and non-covered stops using a set of portable weather station TESTO 480. Results revealed the potential of Sabat in generating transient thermal aeraulic conditions within the street, and the significance of air temperature and shade in channeling wind inside Sabats. Air temperature, mean radiant temperature and relative humidity significantly differ between Sabats and non-covered spaces. The wind speed recorded the largest variation. Important spatial transitions may result in abrupt thermal aeraulic transients. Although current results are limited to warm winter conditions, findings contribute to a better understanding of the use of shade and wind patterns in mitigating prolonged heat exposure and highlight the potential of Sabat space, a traditional sustainable device, in creating restorative conditions for walking activity.
Selenomethionine Suppress the Progression of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid
Cancer via LncRNA NONMMUT014201/miR-6963-5p/Srprb Pathway
Authors: Pan Rongfang , Zhao Junyu , Yao Jinming , Gao Yanyan , Liao Lin 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is a special type of thyroid
cancer that threatens the life of the patients. Unfortunately, there are no effective treatments for
PDTC right now, so it is urgent to search for new efficacious drugs. This experiment was designed
to elucidate the effects of selenomethionine (SeMet) on PDTC in vitro and vivo.

Methods:
A xenograft animal model was used to assay the volume and weight of PDTC. LncRNA
NOMMMUT014201 expression was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Real-time
quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In vitro experiments were carried on in WRO cells. The Cell Counting
Kit-8 assay was performed to test the effect of SeMet on the proliferation of cells. And the migration
and invasion of WRO cells by the wound-healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion
assays. The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. In addition, genes related to proliferation,
migration, invasion and apoptosis were detected through qRT-PCR and Western Blot.

Results:
SeMet inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of
WRO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Then vivo, SeMet significantly suppressed the volume
and weight of PDTC. And SeMet downregulated the expressions of Ki67, PCNA, MMP2,
MMP9 and BCL2, but upregulated that of BAX and Cleaved-Caspase 3. Moreover, SeMet upregulated
the level of LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 both vivo and in vitro. In addition, repression
of LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 removed the inhibition effect of SeMet on WRO cell
growth significantly (p<0.05). Further investigation showed that LncRNA NOMMMUT014201
downregulated the expression of miR-6963-5p in PDTC cells, but miR-6963-5p inhibited the
level of Srprb. In addition, sh-LncRNA NOMMMUT014201 enhanced the proliferation, migration
and invasion but inhibited the apoptosis of WRO cells. However, inhibited miR-6963-5p or
overexpressed Srprb relieved the effects of sh-LncRNA NOMMMUT014201on WRO cells.

Conclusion:
Collectively, SeMet inhibits the growth of PDTC in a dose-dependent manner
through LncRNA NONMMUT014201/miR-6963-5p/Srprb signal pathway, thus suggesting that
SeMet might be a potential drug for PDTC treatment.
Optogenetics: Illuminating the Future of Hearing Restoration and
Understanding Auditory Perception
Authors: Singh Namit Kant , Ramamourthy Balaji , Hage Neemu , Kappagantu Krishna Medha 
Published: January 2024

Abstract:
Hearing loss is a prevalent sensory impairment significantly affecting communication
and quality of life. Traditional approaches for hearing restoration, such as cochlear implants, have
limitations in frequency resolution and spatial selectivity. Optogenetics, an emerging field utilizing
light-sensitive proteins, offers a promising avenue for addressing these limitations and revolutionizing
hearing rehabilitation. This review explores the methods of introducing Channelrhodopsin-
2 (ChR2), a key light-sensitive protein, into cochlear cells to enable optogenetic stimulation. Viral-
mediated gene delivery is a widely employed technique in optogenetics. Selecting a suitable viral
vector, such as adeno-associated viruses (AAV), is crucial in efficient gene delivery to cochlear
cells. The ChR2 gene is inserted into the viral vector through molecular cloning techniques,
and the resulting viral vector is introduced into cochlear cells via direct injection or round window
membrane delivery. This allows for the expression of ChR2 and subsequent light sensitivity in targeted
cells. Alternatively, direct cell transfection offers a non-viral approach for ChR2 delivery.
The ChR2 gene is cloned into a plasmid vector, which is then combined with transfection agents
like liposomes or nanoparticles. This mixture is applied to cochlear cells, facilitating the entry of
the plasmid DNA into the target cells and enabling ChR2 expression. Optogenetic stimulation using
ChR2 allows for precise and selective activation of specific neurons in response to light, potentially
overcoming the limitations of current auditory prostheses. Moreover, optogenetics has broader
implications in understanding the neural circuits involved in auditory processing and behavior.
The combination of optogenetics and gene delivery techniques provides a promising avenue for
improving hearing restoration strategies, offering the potential for enhanced frequency resolution,
spatial selectivity, and improved auditory perception.
Recent Advancements in Bioelectronic Medicine: A Review
Authors: Das Sudipta , Ghosh Baishali , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Nayak Amit Kumar 
Published: January 2024

:
Bioelectronic medicine is a multidisciplinary field that combines molecular medicine,
neurology, engineering, and computer science to design devices for diagnosing and treating diseases.
The advancements in bioelectronic medicine can improve the precision and personalization of illness
treatment. Bioelectronic medicine can produce, suppress, and measure electrical activity in excitable
tissue. Bioelectronic devices modify specific neural circuits using electrons rather than pharmaceuticals
and uses of bioelectronic processes to regulate the biological processes underlining various diseases.
This promotes the potential to address the underlying causes of illnesses, reduce adverse effects,
and lower costs compared to conventional medication. The current review presents different
important aspects of bioelectronic medicines with recent advancements. The area of bioelectronic
medicine has a lot of potential for treating diseases, enabling non-invasive therapeutic intervention by
regulating brain impulses. Bioelectronic medicine uses electricity to control biological processes,
treat illnesses, or regain lost capability. These new classes of medicines are designed by the technological
developments in the detection and regulation of electrical signaling methods in the nervous
system. Peripheral nervous system regulates a wide range of processes in chronic diseases; it involves
implanting small devices onto specific peripheral nerves, which read and regulate the brain signaling
patterns to achieve therapeutic effects specific to the signal capacity of a particular organ. The potential
for bioelectronic medicine field is vast, as it investigates for treatment of various diseases, including
rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, hypertension, paralysis, chronic illnesses, blindness, etc.
Real-world Study on the Effect of PARPi as Maintenance Therapy on
Platinum Sensitivity after First- and Second-line Chemotherapy in
Patients with Recurrent High-grade Serous Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Guo Yanglong , Chen Xi , Tang Xuedong , Pan Shan , Zhu Tao , Zhang Yingli 
Published: January 2024

Background:
This study investigated the effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors
(PARPi) as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy on platinum sensitivity
in patients with recurrent high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (rHGSOC).

Methods:
This study retrospectively analyzed 172 patients with rHGSOC treated at Zhejiang Cancer
Hospital and Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2017 and December
2021. The 1st-PARPi group comprised patients who received a PARPi as maintenance therapy
after first-line chemotherapy (n=23), and the 1st-control group comprised those who did not (n =
105). Similarly, the 2nd-PARPi group comprised patients not given a PARPi in their first-line
treatment (n = 30), and the 2nd-control group comprised those who were given a PARPi (n = 89).

Results:
Among the 23 patients in the 1st-PARPi group and the 105 patients in the 1st-control
group, nine and 99 were platinum-sensitive, and 14 and six were platinum-resistant, respectively
(hazard ratio [HR]: 14.46, P < 0.0001). Among the 30 patients in the 2nd-PARPi group and 89 patients
in the 2nd-control group, 10 and 71 were platinum-sensitive, and 20 and 18 were platinumresistant,
respectively (HR: 4.37, P < 0.0001). Age, stage, residual tumor, the courses of platinumbased
chemotherapy, and breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations were not associated with platinum
sensitivity when using a PARPi as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy.

Conclusion:
Patients with rHGSOC using a PARPi were more likely to be platinum-sensitive and
develop platinum resistance independent of PARPi duration. Care should be taken when using a
PARPi as maintenance therapy after first- and second-line chemotherapy.