bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of child survival practice among caregivers in internally displaced persons' camps in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria
Authors: Ajike Saratu Omagbemi , Oloyede Busola Loveall 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundChild survival remains a major public health challenge in the sub‐Saharan region of Africa, especially Nigeria. The Boko Haram crisis, which has aggravated this, has led to the displacement of many people in the north‐eastern region, including children under five. This study investigated the determinants of child survival practice among caregivers in internally displaced persons' (IDP) camps in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), Nigeria.MethodologyA cross‐sectional design was used to collect data on determinants of child survival practice from 312 caregivers in five purposively selected IDP camps in AMAC using the snowball sampling technique. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistics at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of respondents was 29.6 ± 6.72 years. There was a significant (p < 0.05) relationship between the predisposing, reinforcing, enabling and environmental factors studied and child survival practice. Findings also indicated that all factors were significant (p < 0.05) predictors of child survival practice with the reinforcing factor being the major predictor (ß = 0.38; t = 6.08).ConclusionAttention needs to be paid to all factors, particularly the reinforcing factor of social support in order to promote optimal child survival practice among caregivers in AMAC IDP camps. Collaboration with social work professionals would be an added benefit to enhance social support.
Workplace oral health promotion activities among community‐aged care workers: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Bakri N. N. , Ferguson C. A. , Majeed S. , Thomson W. M. , Oda K. , Bartlett S. , Broadbent J. M. , Smith M. B. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe workplace is an ideal—and priority—setting for health promotion activities. Developing and implementing workplace health promotion interventions, including oral health promotion activities, can help create health‐supporting workplace environments.ObjectiveTo pilot workplace oral health promotion activities among staff working in the aged care sector, report their impact and explore participants' views on the factors that contribute to participation and effectiveness.MethodsThis study comprised three phases: (i) the development and face validation of the resources, (ii) a 3‐h educational session and (iii) five interview sessions with participants 4–6 weeks following the education session. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsEleven community‐aged care workforce were invited to five feedback sessions. Ten participants were female and ranged in age from 18 to 64. All participants gave favourable comments about the content and delivery of the training session and accompanying resources. The participants felt that the benefits of WOHP include improved staff knowledge, awareness and oral care routine, the ability to share (and put into practice) the gained knowledge and information with their dependants, a lower risk of having poor oral health that adversely affects their well‐being and work tasks, and potentially beneficial impacts on the organization's staff roster. Their attendance in the WOHP was facilitated by being paid to attend and scheduling the sessions during work time. Future WOHP suggestions include the possibility of a one‐stop dental check‐up at the workplace or staff dental care discounts from local dental practitioners and combining oral health with other health promotion activities.ConclusionsPlanning and implementing WOHP was deemed acceptable and feasible in this study context and successfully achieved short‐term impacts among community‐aged care workers. Appropriate times and locations, organizational arrangements and a variety of delivery options contributed to successful programme planning and implementation.
Involvement of microglial P2X7 receptor in pain modulation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Gao Lei , Zhang Yaoyuan , Wang Haozhen , Sun Shukai , Wu Li‐an 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain is a rapid response mechanism that compels organisms to retreat from the harmful stimuli and triggers a repair response. Nonetheless, when pain persists for extended periods, it can lead to adverse changes into in the individual’s brain, negatively impacting their emotional state and overall quality of life. Microglia, the resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS), play a pivotal role in regulating a variety of pain‐related disorders. Specifically, recent studies have shed light on the central role that microglial purinergic ligand‐gated ion channel 7 receptor (P2X7R) plays in regulating pain. In this respect, the P2X7R on microglial membranes represents a potential therapeutic target.AimsTo expound on the intricate link between microglial P2X7R and pain, offering insights into potential avenues for future research.MethodsWe reviewed 140 literature and summarized the important role of microglial P2X7R in regulating pain, including the structure and function of P2X7R, the relationship between P2X7R and microglial polarization, P2X7R‐related signaling pathways, and the effects of P2X7R antagonists on pain regulation.ResultsP2X7R activation is related to M1 polarization of microglia, while suppressing P2X7R can transfer microglia from M1 into M2 phenotype. And targeting the P2X7R‐mediated signaling pathways helps to explore new therapy for pain alleviation. P2X7R antagonists also hold potential for translational and clinical applications in pain management.ConclusionsMicroglial P2X7R holds promise as a potential novel pharmacological target for clinical treatments due to its distinctive structure, function, and the development of antagonists.
Keratinization in atypical glandular cell clusters as a cytological clue to endometrioid carcinoma on cervical cytology
Authors: Ng Joanna K. M. , Li Joshua J. X. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionSpecific diagnosis of endometrial carcinomas on cervical cytology is difficult with few useful cytomorphological clues reported. This study reviews a cohort of cervical cytology to investigate the presence of keratinization in atypical glandular cells (AGC), an undescribed cytomorphological clue for identifying endometrial endometrioid carcinomas on cervical cytology.MethodsCervical cytology slides from patients with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma were reviewed for the presence of keratinization associated with AGCs. Corresponding histology slides were reviewed for tumour grading and degree of squamous differentiation.ResultsIn total, 42 cases of cervical cytology specimens from 41 patients were retrieved, including 7 (16.7%) with keratinization associated with AGCs seen and 35 (83.3%) without. Comparison of histologic grading did not demonstrate an association with the presence of keratinization on cytology (p = 0.565). Corresponding histology slides were available for 37 cases. Cytologic and histologic keratinization were associated statistically (p = 0.002). Frank keratinization was seen on histologic slides of five cases, with four also showing cytologic keratinization. Area of squamous differentiation, including squamous morule formation, did not correlate with keratinization on cytologic preparation (p = 0.185).ConclusionHistologic and cytologic keratinization are observed in endometrioid endometrial carcinomas. Such is reflected in cervical cytology by the presence of orangeophilic, rigid and acellular fragments within or associated with AGC clusters. Keratinization, when identified with AGCs, should be regarded as a cytologic clue suggestive of an endometroid carcinoma of endometrial origin.
Designing Systems in a Fine‐Grained and Inclusive Way, by Integrating Service Design within Futures Studies and Foresight
Authors: Peruccon Andy , Simeone Luca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper evaluates the human‐centric, systemic and near future‐driven components of Service Design to understand how they can work within a Future Studies and Foresight (FSF) framework. Expanding on empirical evidence gathered from a case study with renters and shareowners in Danish cooperative housing associations (Andelsboligforeningen), the paper looks at how the application of Service Design – within Future Studies and Foresight (FSF, hereafter) – can facilitate a fine‐grained and inclusive rebuilding of our socio‐technical systems in a way that allows end‐users to understand and engage with them more productively. The paper provides a theoretical reflection on the gestalt emerging from bridging Service Design and FSF and how this can inspire and establish strategic viewpoints on how to co‐design complex systems embedded in different socio‐technical dimensions.
Start‐up Accelerators as Service Design and Business Model
Authors: Møller Jørn Kjølseth 
Published: November 2023

AbstractStartup accelerators offer a range of services to entrepreneurs that enable them to accelerate growth and development in just a few months. Typically, small‐, and medium‐sized, growth‐oriented companies are supported early in their development through offers of education and training, mentoring, consulting, and venture capital. The startup accelerator “Growth Train” of Business Lolland‐Falster – a regional development organization in Denmark, has been the subject of a closer investigation as a service journey and business model. Four distinct factors make accelerators unique: time‐limited, cohort‐based (a standard course for a selected group), mentor‐driven, and typically ends with a ‘demo day’. The analysis of Growth Train is based on Service Design Thinking and theories on Business Models. It contributes to the theoretical understanding of startup accelerators as a service journey for the participating startups where Service‐Design Thinking plays a crucial role in the design of the accelerator. It also explains how the accelerators create value for the selected group of startups. Startup accelerators also represent a Business Model (value proposition) for the managers of the accelerators and the stakeholders in the local business ecosystem. It also offers economic growth and employment for outlying areas like Lolland‐Falster in Denmark.
Biological control of weeds – Context dependency matters
Authors: Lommen Suzanne T. E. , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractInvasive alien plants (weeds) are a growing, worldwide problem. Importation (‘classical’) biological control, using exotic insects, may be a key component in controlling invasive plants. Two‐thirds of plant species targeted worldwide by biocontrol programs experience some level of control, but the success rates are geographically variable and still hard to predict. Better understanding of the interactions of the species involved, and the effects of changing climate, may help to further improve both the efficacy and the predictability of this method. This requires pre‐release studies, as well as post‐release studies that quantify the impact at the population level to validate methodologies and assumptions of pre‐release studies. The 12 original papers of this special issue include pre‐ and post‐release studies on 13 insect species from five orders. The studies cover a wide range of methodologies and altogether they highlight that both target and non‐target impact are highly context dependent. This dedicated issue includes directions for methodological improvements to better assess ecological host ranges of agents and to avoid rejection of safe agents.
Effectiveness of a manual test at the beginning of dental school
Authors: Zitzmann Nicola U. , Dalla‐Vecchia Ramona L. , Beiner Bettina , Steinberg Carin , Benkeser Svenja M. , Amato Julia 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThis study analysed whether the SAZAMED (Self‐assessment for dentistry studies) manual test conducted as an exercise or examination in the first year of dental studies, and the official aptitude test for medical studies (EMS), can predict future performance of dental students.Materials and MethodsStudents enrolled in the dental curriculum at the University of Basel between 2009/10 and 2019/20 were categorized: Group A conducted the SAZAMED in the third bachelor year (BA) and second master year (MA), group B practiced in the first and third BA and second MA and group C had to pass the test in the first BA with repetition in the third BA and second MA. SAZAMED comprised (i) wire bending, (ii) modelling sphere and cube, (iii) drawing mirror‐inverted and (iv) indirect drawing over a mirror. Comparative variables were the EMS per cent rank and test scores in practical‐clinical examinations in the third BA and the second MA.ResultsData were available from 329 students over the 10‐year period. Repeaters and dropouts had poorer performance in the first BA SAZAMED than students who did not (p < 0.001). Among the four SAZAMED exercises, mirror‐inverted drawing was the strongest predictor of future student performance. The official aptitude test EMS correlated with the third BA certificate (p = 0.012), but failed to predict repeaters and dropouts.ConclusionSince academic success was associated with significantly better scores on the first BA SAZAMED, it is considered a predictor and recommended in addition to the official EMS to identify students in need of intervention programmes or who should choose a different field of study.
Cross‐efficiency evaluation of the data envelopment analysis with conflict behaviour and beneficial relationship perspectives
Authors: Zhuang Hua , Luo Xueying 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn data envelopment analysis, cross‐efficiency evaluation stands out as a valuable tool for ranking the effectiveness of decision‐making units (DMUs). However, existing research commonly assume that DMUs are randomly classified as either collaborators or opponents of the evaluated DMUs. Unfortunately, few studies have considered the presence of conflict behaviour and beneficial relationships among DMUs during cross‐efficiency evaluation. To address this research gap, this study proposes an innovative approach. Firstly, the proposed framework incorporates an interval cross‐efficiency environment to accommodate the inherent uncertainty and fuzziness in the efficiency scores of DMUs. Secondly, two definitions, namely task conflict cross‐efficiency and relationship conflict cross‐efficiency, are introduced by combining the characteristics of the interval cross‐efficiency matrix with conflict behaviour. To measure the strength of the conflict between DMUs, a novel measurement method is proposed, forming the foundation for constructing two cross‐efficiency secondary programming models based on conflict behaviour. Thirdly, the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is employed to measure the strength of beneficial relationships among DMUs. Subsequently, two cross‐efficiency secondary programming models are developed based on beneficial relationships. To obtain the final scores, the efficiency scores of the four models are integrated using the Shannon entropy method. Finally, two illustrative applications are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
Leverage ratio, risk‐based capital requirements, and risk‐taking in the United Kingdom
Authors: Fatouh Mahmoud , Giansante Simone , Ongena Steven 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe assess the impact of the leverage ratio capital requirements on the risk‐taking behaviour of banks both theoretically and empirically. Conceptually, introducing binding leverage ratio requirements into a regulatory framework with risk‐based capital requirements induces banks to re‐optimise, shifting from safer to riskier assets (higher asset risk). Yet, this shift would not be one‐for‐one due to risk weight differences, meaning the shift would be associated with a lower level of leverage (lower insolvency risk). The interaction of these two changes determines the impact on the aggregate level of risk. Empirically, we use a difference‐in‐differences setup to compare the behaviour of UK banks subject to the leverage ratio requirements (LR banks) to otherwise similar banks (non‐LR banks). Our results show that LR banks did not increase asset risk, and slightly reduced leverage levels, compared to the control group after the introduction of leverage ratio in the UK. As expected, these two changes led to a lower aggregate level of risk. Emperical results indicate that credit default swap spreads on the 5‐year subordinated debt of LR banks decreased relative to non‐LR banks post leverage ratio introduction, suggesting the market viewed LR banks as less risky, especially during the COVID 19 stress.
The nonadherence and risk factors of eradication failure by sequential therapy as first‐line anti‐Helicobacter pylori treatment in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Lee Chun‐Te , Wu Chung‐Tai , Chang Wei‐Lun , Yang Er‐Hsiang , Hsieh Ming‐Tsung , Chen Wei‐Ying , Sheu Bor‐Shyang , Cheng Hsiu‐Chi 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe eradication rates of sequential therapy are high in clinical trials; however, the adherence for follow‐up or the patient population in a real‐world setting might be different from those in trails. This study investigates the effectiveness of sequential therapy in a real‐world setting and the factors that lead to treatment failure.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients receiving sequential therapy as a first‐line anti‐Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment in a real‐world setting were reviewed. The age adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (age‐CCI) and baseline variety of medications were reviewed to determine factors correlated with nonadherence for post‐treatment testing and H. pylori eradication failure.ResultsA total of 1053 patients were reviewed. A total of 579 patients receiving sequential therapy were included in the analyses. Among them, 462 received post‐treatment testing and were placed into the follow‐up group. Thus, the post‐treatment testing rate was 79.8%. Stroke was an independent factor of nonadherence for post‐treatment testing. In the follow‐up group, the eradication failure rate was 8.2%. Female sex (odds ratio [OR] 2.41 [95% CI 1.16–5.03], p = 0.02) and age‐CCI ≥2 (OR 3.16 [1.05–9.48], p = 0.04) were independent factors of H. pylori eradication failure. The eradication failure rates were 14.4%, 7.8%, 7.1%, and 3.1% for the females with age‐CCI ≥2, females with age‐CCI <2, males with age‐CCI ≥2, and males with age‐CCI <2 subgroups, respectively (p = 0.027).ConclusionsIn a real‐world setting, the adherence rate of post‐treatment testing for sequential therapy as a first‐line anti‐H. pylori treatment was found to be suboptimal. Female sex and age‐CCI ≥2 were independent factors of eradication failure.
The role of exosomes in cancer‐related programmed cell death
Authors: Li Xin , Jing Zuoqian , Li Xuejie , Liu Lei , Xiao Xiang , Zhong Yifan , Ren Zihan 
Published: November 2023

SummaryCancer arises from the growth and division of uncontrolled erroneous cells. Programmed cell death (PCD), or regulated cell death (RCD), includes natural processes that eliminate damaged or abnormal cells. Dysregulation of PCD is a hallmark of cancer, as cancer cells often evade cell death and continue to proliferate. Exosomes nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of cells carrying a variety of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, to have indispensable role in the communication between cells, and can influence various cellular processes, including PCD. Exosomes have been shown to modulate PCD in cancer cells by transferring pro‐ or antideath molecules to neighboring cells. Additionally, exosomes can facilitate the spread of PCD to surrounding cancer cells, making them promising in the treatment of various cancers. The exosomes' diagnostic potential in cancer is also an active area of research. Exosomes can be isolated from a wide range of bodily fluids and tissues, such as blood and urine, and can provide a noninvasive way to monitor cancer progression and treatment response. Furthermore, exosomes have also been employed as a delivery system for therapeutic agents. By engineering exosomes to carry drugs or other therapeutic molecules, they can be targeted specifically to cancer cells, reducing toxicity to healthy tissues. Here, we discussed exosomes in the diagnosis and prevention of cancers, tumor immunotherapy, and drug delivery, as well as in different types of PCD.
Most individuals with diabetes‐related foot ulceration do not meet dietary consensus guidelines for wound healing
Authors: Donnelly Hailey R. , Clarke Erin D. , Collins Clare E. , Collins Rebecca A. , Armstrong David G. , Mills Joseph L. , Tehan Peta E. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe inaugural expert consensus and guidance for Nutrition Interventions in Adults with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) have been welcomed by clinicians internationally. This short report aimed to determine how the macronutrient and micronutrient status of individuals living with DFU compared to the American Limb Preservation Society Nutrition Interventions in Adults with DFU expert consensus and guidance. Descriptive analysis was conducted as a secondary analysis of an existing dataset. Mean (SD) dietary intake, the proportion meeting the nutrition recommendations and the proportion exceeding the upper limit (UL) for specific vitamins and minerals were reported. Most individuals with DFU do not meet current consensus guidelines for optimal dietary intake for wound healing, with inadequacies evident for fibre, zinc, protein, vitamin E and vitamin A. Future iterations of the consensus guideline should consider using evidence‐informed recommendations for clinical practice, with the inclusion of all nutrients that are essential for wound healing in DFU.
Temperature effects on electrical resistivity of selected ceramics for high‐temperature packaging applications
Authors: Deucher Thomas M. , Okojie Robert S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe report the results of the characterization of the electrical resistivity of selected ceramic materials, namely aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon nitride (Si₃N₄), beryllium oxide (BeO), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), and non‐ceramic silicon dioxide (SiO2), which are candidates for packaging silicon carbide (SiC) sensors and electronics that can operate at temperatures beyond 800°C. Samples of these materials were thermally cycled twice to 1200°C in nitrogen while the bulk and surface resistivities were measured in situ. Although the resistivity values of all samples dropped with increasing temperature, BeO maintained the relatively highest bulk and surface resistivity values at 1200°C of 28 and 34 kΩ cm, respectively, while AlN had the lowest values at 6.8 and 0.64 kΩ cm. In terms of viability for packaging SiC sensors for >800°C operation, AlN and Si₃N₄ are the choice candidates due to their lowest mismatches in the coefficient of thermal expansion with SiC. However, the relative resistivity stability of Si₃N₄ over AlN makes it a promising candidate, even with its lower thermal conductivity relative to AlN.