bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the differentiation‐related gene Drg‐1 during mouse skin carcinogenesis
Authors: Gómez‐Casero Elena , Navarro Manuel , Rodríguez‐Puebla Marcelo L. , Larcher Fernando , Paramio Jesús M. , Conti Claudio J. , Jorcano José L. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDifferentiation‐related gene‐1 (Drg‐1) has been identified as a gene whose expression is increased in several processes related to differentiation, but its function is currently unknown. In this report, we show that Drg‐1 was expressed in keratinocytes, this expression being rapidly increased as a result of induction by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) or the presence of an activating form of Ha‐ras. Induction by TPA occurred both in cultured cell lines and primary keratinocytes as well as in mouse skin after a single TPA application. Overexpression of Drg‐1 was also observed in TPA‐induced hyperplastic skin. In agreement, mouse skin papillomas and carcinomas also overexpressed Drg‐1. In addition, Drg‐1 was induced when keratinocytes were forced to differentiate by calcium switch or serum starvation. Analysis of the expression of Drg‐1 during the keratinocyte cell cycle demonstrated relatively high levels of Drg‐1 mRNA in G0, which increased in early G1 and decreased afterwards in late G1/S. In situ analysis showed an accumulation of Drg‐1 in the suprabasal layers of the skin, as well as in the more differentiated areas of mouse skin papillomas. These results suggest that, in addition to being upregulated during keratinocyte differentiation, the Drg‐1 gene might have a complex function in skin tumorigenesis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of tri‐ through heptachlorobiphenyls in water samples by SPME‐GC‐MS‐MS: Comparison of PDMS and PDMS‐DVB coatings
Authors: Landín Pedro , Llompart María , Lourido Mercedes , Cela Rafael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSolid‐phase microextraction technique coupled to gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry–mass spectrometry has been applied to the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls ranging from three to seven chlorine substituents. The behavior of two polymeric coatings, polydimethylsiloxane and polydimethylsiloxane‐divinylbenzene was extensively studied. The influence of experimental parameters as extraction mode (direct and headspace approach), temperature, volume of sample, agitation, and sample time were evaluated. The two fibers were adequate for polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) extraction and analytes could be quantified at the subpicogram per milliliter level with extraction times of 60 min. Nevertheless, comparison of extraction efficiencies showed the advantages of working with the mixed coating, specially for less chlorinated PCBs. Linearity was evaluated for a 200‐fold concentration range from femtogram per milliliter to picogram per milliliter level. The two coatings were applied to the determination of the target analytes in two different matrices. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 275–284, 2001
Use of cyclodextrins for the separation of monoterpene isomers by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Regina A. , Caramão Elina B. , Arce Lourdes , Rios Angel , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method for the determination of monoterpenes such as camphene, α‐pinene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, α‐terpinene, terpinolene and p‐cymene was established. Addition of cyclodextrins (CDs) to the buffer solution permits the separation of these monoterpenes. The separation is dependent on the type of CD, and gamma‐CD was the most effective cyclodextrin, in the method here developed. The method permits low concentrations of monoterpenes to be separated and detected. The addition of an organic solvent (acetonitrile) as modifier in the buffer (10 mM NaH2PO4, 6 mM Na2B4O7, 50 mM SDS, 7 mM de γ‐CD) allowed this separation. The analysis was performed with a positive power supply of 20 kV at a temperature of 25°C. The samples were hydrostatically (5 s) introduced into the anodic end of the capillary and electropherograms were recorded at 200 nm. This method could be highly suitable for the separation and determination of monoterpenes in essential oils of leaves, and the flowers of marjoram and oregano among other real samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 293–299, 2001
Determination of isoelectric point and investigation of immunoreaction in peanut allergenic proteins–rabbit IgG antibody system by whole‐column imaged capillary isoelectric focusing
Authors: Wu Xing‐Zheng , Huang Tiemin , Mullett Wayne M. , Yeung Jupiter M. , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe recently developed whole‐column imaged capillary isoelectric focusing is an advanced technique for the pI determination of proteins. In this study, we initially applied this technique to determine the pI of peanut allergens and its antibody, rabbit IgG. Two main proteins, Ara h I and Ara h II, were found in the peanut allergen solution. Their pI values were determined to be about 4.5–4.7 and 5.1–5.6, respectively. The value of pI for the antibody rabbit IgG was 6.1–6.5. Second, the immunoreaction selectivity of the two main peanut allergenic proteins with antibody rabbit IgG was studied. The CIEF results show that the peanut allergen Ara h II has a larger affinity for binding to the antibody rabbit IgG than Ara h I. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 322–326, 2001
Monitoring of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activity with capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Ban Eunmi , Nam Hui‐Sun , Yu Eunah , Yoo Young Sook 
Published: August 2002

AbstractExtracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), which is an isoform of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), is an important component of various signaling pathways. ERK phosphorylates numerous substrates including myelin basic protein (MBP) and is one of the key components in linking growth factor receptor activation to serine/threonine protein phosphorylation processes. We investigated a rapid and safe method for determining ERK activity using capillary electrophoresis (CE). ERK converts MBP substrate to phosphorylated MBP product. The phosphorylation reactions of MBP by ERK were studied under varied experimental conditions. Reaction mixtures were carried out using MBP substrate and by adding ERK as well as adenosine triphosphosphate (ATP). The CE analysis method was performed in untreated fused‐silica capillary columns of 37 cm×75 μm i.d. and 185 nm wavelength using the 150 mM tris‐phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) as a run buffer. The method of CE provided a very rapid analysis time of less than 10 min and high reproducibility within 5% of RSD% for MBP substrate detection. In this article, ERK reactions were determined from the decrease in MBP substrates using the CE method while the formation of phosphorylated MBP product by ERK reaction was monitored using the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrum (MALDI‐TOF MS) method. These results suggest that CE can be applied to many other enzymatic assays because of its various advantages such as nonradiolabeled substrates usage, short analysis time, and inexpensive expenses. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 332–336, 2001
Identification of thiosteranes in contaminated marine sediments from the Mediterranean Sea by capillary GC‐MS and capillary GC‐AED*
Authors: Louati A. , Elleuch B. , Sandra P. , David F. , Saliot A. , Dagaut J. , Oudot J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA series of unknown cyclic compounds was detected in the capillary GC‐MS analyses of extracts of marine sediments from the Tunisian coast at the Mediterranean sea. Using capillary GC‐atomic emission detection (AED), sulphur was elucidated in their structure. This allowed identification of the solutes as the thiosteranes 5‐α‐cholestane‐3‐β‐thiol, 24‐methyl‐5‐α‐cholestane‐3‐β‐thiol, and 24‐ethyl‐5‐α‐cholestane‐3‐β‐thiol. These sulphur compounds are formed from Δ‐2 sterenes and probably originate from plankton. The presence of these thiols in coastal sediments varies considerably with the location of the sampling points, indicating that they are potential markers for environmental pollution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 90–95, 2001
Evaluation of temperature programming for gradient elution in packed capillary liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection
Authors: Nordström O. , Molander P. , Greibrokk T. , Blomhoff R. , Lundanes E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA miniaturized amperometric detector compatible with temperature‐programmed packed capillary liquid chromatography has been constructed and evaluated. Temperature programming could successfully be used as a tool for retention control, providing gradient action that did not influence the detector performance. A 7‐μm single carbon fiber was utilized as working electrode and detection was performed in a 50‐μm i.d. fused silica detection capillary which also functioned as restriction capillary. Separation of tyrosine, 3‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)alanine, 3‐chloro‐tyrosine and 3‐NO2‐tyrosine was achieved in 6 min using a temperature program from 30°C to 100°C with a ramp of 8°C/min on a 25 cm 0.32 mm i.d. column packed with 3 μm Hypersil ODS. The mobile phase consisted of 50 mM citric acid (pH 3.10)‐methanol (95+ 5, v/v), and the mass limit of detection was in the range 1–5 pg using 1.2 V vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 179–185, 2001
Determination of the free concentration of ropivacaine in plasma by packed capillary liquid chromatography: A comparison of ultrafiltration and microdialysis as sample preparation methods
Authors: Koivisto Pernilla , Bergström Sara K. , Markides Karin E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this study, ultrafiltration and microdialysis have been compared as sample preparation methods to separate the free fraction of ropivacaine from the protein bound in 150 μL plasma. A liquid chromatographic system with packed capillary columns (0.2 mm internal diameter) was used to enhance sensitivity when analyzing the small sample volumes obtained after the ultrafiltration and the microdialysis. The microdialysis was performed with probes of our own construction, and to save analysis time, the microdialysis sampling was coupled on‐line to the liquid chromatographic system. The reduction of back pressure in the microdialysis outlet tube and in the injector was found to be essential. The free fraction obtained with each method was equivalent: both gave a free fraction of 6%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 13: 197–201, 2001
Bilateral internal globus pallidus stimulation for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis
Authors: Parkin Simon , Aziz Tipu , Gregory Ralph , Bain Peter 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThree patients with spasmodic torticollis (ST) obtained substantial benefit from bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) stimulation. Progressive improvement in ST occurred over several months but residual cervical dystonia remained. These results corroborate those obtained by Krauss et al. on three patients with ST. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Involvement of the motor cortex in pseudochoreoathetosis
Authors: Timmermann Lars , Gross Joachim , Schmitz Frank , Freund Hans‐Joachim , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe pathophysiological background of involuntary movements in pseudochoreoathetosis is unclear. We therefore recorded in four patients with pseudochoreoathetosis and in six age‐matched controls cortical activity with a whole‐head magnetoencephalography (MEG) system and surface EMGs from hand muscles. Subjects performed the following tasks: 1) rest, and 2) constant finger stretch during forearm elevation; controls additionally simulated pseudochoreoathetotic finger movements. During rest, the patients showed involuntary finger movements associated with excessive MEG‐EMG coherence at frequencies between 6 and 20 Hz, whereas coherence in controls simulating pseudochoreoathetotic movements did not exceed noise level (P< 0.02). During finger stretch, MEG‐EMG coherence in patients was similar to that of controls. Cortical sources of MEG‐EMG coherence in patients were localized in the contralateral motor cortex. We conclude that pseudochoreoathetosis is associated with pathologically increased corticomuscular coherence and thus differs, neurophysiologically, from voluntarily simulated pseudochoreoathetotic movements. The enhanced MEG‐EMG coherence in pseudochoreoathetosis probably reflects a pathologically strong motor cortical drive of spinal motorneurons after deafferentation. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Fast orthostatic tremor in Parkinson's disease mimicking primary orthostatic tremor
Authors: Apartis E. , Tison F. , Arné P. , Jedynak C.P. , Vidailhet M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractLeg tremor during standing is a rare feature in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). Tremor during standing usually has a low frequency (range, 4–6 Hz), similar to PD rest tremor frequency, and is improved by levodopa. We describe three cases of fast orthostatic tremor (FoT) of legs and trunk mimicking primary orthostatic tremor (OT) in patients treated with levodopa for PD. Asymmetrical akinetorigid syndrome was accompanied by a rest tremor in two cases. We obtained electrophysiological parameters by electromyographic (EMG) polygraphic recording after 16 hours withdrawal of antiparkinsonian treatment and at the maximal effect of levodopa in order to investigate the effect of dopaminergic stimulation upon such cases of orthostatic tremor in PD. Electrophysiological parameters of orthostatic tremor, especially frequency (range 14–18 Hz), were similar to that seen in POT. Severity of tremor was independent of seriousness and duration of PD. Levodopa had no effect either on the handicap due to OT or on the amplitude and frequency of the EMG OT activity. In contrast, mild improvement of OT was obtained with benzodiazepines in two cases and parkinsonian syndrome was levodopa‐sensitive. These findings suggest that FoT in PD would not be directly controlled by the dopaminergic system. However, increased rhythmicities in basal ganglia or in cerebello‐thalamic loops at the rapid frequencies range seen in PD could favor the emergence of a primary orthostatic tremor‐like tremor in PD patients. © 2001 Movement Disorder Society.
Stability and convergence of optimum spectral non‐linear Galerkin methods
Authors: Yinnian He , Yanren Hou , Kaitai Li 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur objective in this article is to present some numerical schemes for the approximation of the 2‐D Navier–Stokes equations with periodic boundary conditions, and to study the stability and convergence of the schemes. Spatial discretization can be performed by either the spectral Galerkin method or the optimum spectral non‐linear Galerkin method; time discretization is done by the Euler scheme and a two‐step scheme. Our results show that under the same convergence rate the optimum spectral non‐linear Galerkin method is superior to the usual Galerkin methods. Finally, numerical example is provided and supports our results. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A singularly perturbed problem of photon transport in a time‐dependent region
Authors: Riganti R. , Salvarani F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe paper is devoted to the numerical study of a singularly perturbed transport linear integro‐differential equation, in a time‐dependent domain with slab geometry. After a brief summary on existence and uniqueness results for such a model, we test the error between the exact solution and its quasi‐static approximation, which satisfies a simpler equation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arrayed helical antennas (AHA) with low SAR for personal telephone handsets
Authors: Hong Soo‐Won , Park Myeong‐Seok , Oh Hak‐Tae , Park Cheon‐Seok 
Published: August 2002

AbstractArrayed helical antennas (AHA) for personal telephone handsets have been developed for both low‐SAR and omnidirectional radiation patterns, where the AHA has two helical antennas along the direction of the width on the top of personal telephones. A comparison of the SAR value between the AHA and a conventional helical antenna (CHA) demonstrates that the SAR value of the AHA is 35% less than that of the CHA. Good performance of the radiation patterns and the VSWR of the AHA are also shown by using the experimental measurements. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 284–287, 2001.
BEF made of coupled microstrip‐line λ/4 resonators
Authors: Miyake H. , Awai I. , Tsuchiyama M. , Yamaguchi H. , Ishizaki T. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe present paper proposes a new design method of a miniatrized combline BEF. The degradation of the BEF characteristics due to close placement of the resonators is canceled with the aid of a capacitor between them. Simulation and experimental results based on the proposed design method are also presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 327–329, 2001.
Analysis of three‐dimensional MMIC by spectral–pseudospectral domain technique
Authors: Chen R. S. , Wang D. X. , Yung Edward K. N. , Wu Ke 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, a spectral–pseudospectral domain technique is presented for the full‐wave analysis of a three‐dimensional MMIC. This technique combines the advantages of pseudospectral method of lines with those of spectral‐domain analysis. In conjunction with the cavity‐resonance technique, it enables one to efficiently extract the s‐parameters of three‐dimensional planar circuits. To demonstrate the generality and validity of the proposed method, numerical analyses are performed for several structures such as microstrip resonators, planar transmission‐line steps, and a parallel coupled‐line filter. The convergence behaviors are provided for line discretization based on the pseudospectral strategy and finite difference (FD), respectively. The calculated results are compared with those published in previous literature. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 340–345, 2001.
An analysis of diffractive lenses at millimeter wavelengths
Authors: Dou W. B. , Wan C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe fields in the focal space of two types of a phase‐only diffractive lens, which is illuminated by a plane wave, are analyzed with the FDTD method and the Stratton–Chu formula. Both oblique and perpendicular incidence are considered. The diffraction efficiency is calculated. The results of experiments carried out to verify the correctness of the calculation are presented. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 396–401, 2001.
Simultaneous extrapolation of RCS in both angular and frequency domains based on AWE technique
Authors: Tong Chuangming , Hong Wei , Yuan Naichang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe radar cross section (RCS) of a target is dependent on frequency as well as angle. The method of moments (MoM) in conjunction with the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) technique is applied to predict the monostatic RCS of an arbitrarily shaped two‐dimensional cylinder in both the frequency and angular domains simultaneously. The electric‐field integral equation (EFIE) of the cylinder is solved using the MoM to obtain the equivalent current on the cylinder. In the AWE technique, the equivalent current at a given frequency and angle is expanded in the desired frequency and angle band in a binomial Taylor's series. The binomial Taylor's series coefficients are then matched via the Pade approximation to a rational function. Using the rational function, the current is obtained at any frequency and angle within the interesting frequency and angular range, which is in turn used to calculate the RCS of the cylinder. The use of this method for extrapolation of the RCS has at least two significant advantages: one being the obtained RCS analytical formulas, and the other being a significant decrease in the amount of time required for modeling problems with large computational domains. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 290–293, 2002.
A gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (GC–EDFA) for WDM optical packet‐switching system
Authors: Yang C. R. , Hwang H. Y. , Hong H. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe use of dual‐stage gain‐clamped erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (GC–EDFA) having a pump laser diode and 16‐channel wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) of 0.8 nm spacing in the C‐band of 1545–1560 nm wavelength was demonstrated in a burst packet‐mode optical switching system through an experimental setup. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 316–319, 2002.
Singular behavior of the Berenger and leaky‐modes series composing the 2D Green's function for the microstrip substrate
Authors: Rogier Hendrik , De Zutter Daniël 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe singular behavior of the modal expansions is examined in Berenger and leaky modes for the Green's functions GA and GV of a 2D microstrip substrate. When the excitation point approaches the source point, and both are lying in the microstrip substrate, the Green's function exhibits a singularity that corresponds to the open configuration without a perfectly matched layer. This observation remains valid when one or both points are lying on the substrate–air interface, unless GA is being considered for a nonmagnetic (μr = 1) substrate. In the latter case a different singularity is obtained when both excitation point and source point are lying on the interface. That singularity is of a higher order and depends on the characteristics of the PML. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 87–93, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10244
Stable actively mode‐locked fiber‐ring laser with a large dispersion cavity
Authors: Ying Hua , Jinlong Yu , Xiaohong Ma , Yongshi Chen , Enze Yang 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe performance of an actively mode‐locked fiber‐ring laser with large dispersion cavity is described. The laser output characteristics remain stable for long periods of time without external adjustment. The very stable, transform‐limited optical pulses at a repetition rate of 10 GHz were obtained successfully in this laser over wavelengths ranging from 1530 to 1556 nm. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 126–128, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10251
Corrections to “Time‐domain electric‐field integral equation with central finite difference”
Authors: Jung Baek Ho , Sarkar Tapan Kumar 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOriginally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 429–435, 2001 © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., 33: 148, 2002. DOI 10.1002/mop.10257
A low‐profile, bent and shorted planar monopole antenna with reduced backward radiation for mobile phones
Authors: Yeh Shih‐Huang , Chen Yen‐Yu , Wong Kin‐Lu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBy bending a planar monopole into an inverted‐U shape and short‐circuiting one end to the ground, a novel low‐profile monopole antenna with reduced backward radiation is obtained. The proposed antenna is easily fed by using a capacitively coupled feed, and is suitable for applications in mobile phones for providing reduced radiation toward the user's head. A prototype of the proposed antenna for DCS operation (1710–1880 MHz) is constructed, and measured and simulated results are presented. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 146–147, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10258
A double frequency 180° lumped‐element hybrid
Authors: Giannini Franco , Scucchia Lucio 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this letter design formulas for the development of an unusual 180° hybrid working at two distinct frequencies are provided. In particular, the design formulas of a lumped‐element rat race are considered. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 247–251, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10288