bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommend Guideline on Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in China in 2020
Authors: Qu Shuiling , Wang Qian , Wang Xiaoyan , Qiao Yaping , Yao Jun , Li Zhen , Jin Xi , Li Zhixin , Wang Ailing 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
In China, a pilot project for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of the HIV was initiated in 2001. For the PMTCT of HIV, the Chinese government has released versions of the guidelines since 2004. In 2014, the World Health Organization released guidance on global processes and criteria for the validation of elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis. To promote the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B virus in China, the Chinese government updated the Guideline for PMTCT of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B in 2020 (briefly as Guideline-2020). The Guideline-2020 comprises 5 parts: goals, interventions, support measures, duties and cooperation of departments, and definition indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas. Compared with the previous versions, the key points updated in the Guideline-2020 are that the goals are set again, and health education and promotion, the procedure of HIV testing for pregnant women, and the antiretroviral therapy regimen for HIV-positive pregnant women and antiretroviral) prophylaxis regimen for infants are all updated. The antiretroviral prophylaxis regimen as zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine/lopinavir/ritonavir twice per day for 6 weeks is recommended for infants at high exposure risk to HIV, whereas the third antiretroviral therapy regimen as tenofovir-lamivudine-lopinavir/ritonavir is recommended for HIV-positive pregnant women, and indicators for PMTCT of HIV and corresponding calculation formulas are defined.
A 20-Year Study of Intracranial Pyogenic Complications of Sinusitis in Children
Authors: Smiljkovic Mina , Tat Jennifer , Richardson Susan E. , Campigotto Aaron , Cushing Sharon L. , Wolter Nikolaus E. , Dirks Peter , Bitnun Ari 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Intracranial pyogenic complications of sinusitis in children can lead to serious sequelae. We characterize the clinical, epidemiologic and microbiologic characteristics of children with such complications over a 20-year period.

Methods:
Single-center retrospective chart review. Cases were identified based on International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes (ICD)-9 and ICD-10 depending on the year and by reviewing all intracranial microbiologic samples.

Results:
A total of 104 cases of complicated sinusitis were included after review of 1591 charts. Median age was 12 (IQR 9–14); 72 were male (69%). The most frequent complications were epidural empyema (n = 50, 48%), subdural empyema (n = 46, 44%) and Pott’s puffy tumor (n = 27, 26%). 52% (n = 54) underwent neurosurgery and 46% (n = 48) underwent otolaryngologic surgery. The predominant pathogen isolated from sterile site specimens was Streptococcus anginosus (n = 40, 63%), but polymicrobial growth was common (n = 24; 38%). The median duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy was 51 days (IQR 42–80). Persistent neurologic sequelae (or death, n = 1) were found in 24% (n = 25) and were associated with the presence of cerebritis and extensive disease on neuroimaging (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively).

Conclusions:
Intracranial complications of sinusitis continue to cause significant morbidity in children. Polymicrobial infections are common, which reinforces the need for broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy and cautious adjustment of the antibiotic regimen based primarily on sterile site cultures. The association of neurologic sequelae with the presence of cerebritis and extensive intracranial involvement on neuroimaging suggest that delayed diagnosis may be a contributor to adverse outcome.
Comparison of the analgesic effects of “superficial” and “deep” repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with central neuropathic pain: a randomized sham-controlled multicenter international crossover study
Authors: Bouhassira Didier , Jazat-Poindessous Frédérique , Farnes Nadine , Franchisseur Claire , Stubhaug Audun , Bismuth Julie , Lefaucheur Jean-Pascal , Hansson Per , Attal Nadine 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
We directly compared the analgesic effects of “superficial” and ‘deep” repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the primary motor cortex in patients with central neuropathic pain. Fifty-nine consecutive patients were randomly assigned to active or sham “superficial” (using a figure-of-8 [F8]-coil) or “deep” (using a Hesed [H]-coil) stimulation according to a double-blind crossover design. Each treatment period consisted of 5 daily stimulation sessions and 2 follow-up visits at 1 and 3 weeks after the last stimulation session. The primary outcome was the comparison of the mean change in average pain intensity over the course of the treatment (group × time interaction). Secondary outcomes included neuropathic symptoms (NPSI), pain interference, patient global impression of change (PGIC), anxiety, depression, and catastrophizing. In total, 51 patients participated in at least one session of both treatments. There was a significant interaction between “treatment” and “time” (F = 2.7; P = 0.0024), indicating that both figure-8 (F8-coil) and H-coil active stimulation induced significantly higher analgesic effects than sham stimulation. The analgesic effects of both types of coils had a similar magnitude but were only moderately correlated (r = 0.39, P = 0.02). The effects of F8-coil stimulation appeared earlier, whereas the effects of H-coil stimulation were delayed, but tended to last longer (up to 3 weeks) as regards to several secondary outcomes (PGIC and total NPSI score). In conclusion, “deep” and “superficial” rTMS induced analgesic effects of similar magnitude in patients with central pain, which may involve different mechanisms of action.
Efficacy and safety of eliapixant in diabetic neuropathic pain and prediction of placebo responders with an exploratory novel algorithm: results from the randomized controlled phase 2a PUCCINI study
Authors: Bouhassira Didier , Tesfaye Solomon , Sarkar Arnab , Soisalon-Soininen Sari , Stemper Brigitte , Baron Ralf 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Phase 2a of the PUCCINI study was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter, proof-of-concept study evaluating the efficacy and safety of the selective P2X3 antagonist eliapixant in patients with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04641273). Adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus with painful distal symmetric sensorimotor neuropathy of >6 months' duration and neuropathic pain were enrolled and randomized 1:1 to 150 mg oral eliapixant twice daily or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in weekly mean 24-hour average pain intensity score at week 8. In total, 135 participants completed treatment, 67 in the eliapixant group and 68 in the placebo group. At week 8, the change from baseline in posterior mean 24-hour average pain intensity score (90% credible interval) in the eliapixant group was −1.56 (−1.95, −1.18) compared with −2.17 (−2.54, −1.80) for the placebo group. The mean treatment difference was 0.60 (0.06, 1.14) in favor of placebo. The use of a model-based framework suggests that various factors may contribute to the placebo-responder profile. Adverse events were mostly mild or moderate in severity and occurred in 51% of the eliapixant group and 48% of the placebo group. As the primary endpoint was not met, the PUCCINI study was terminated after completion of phase 2a and did not proceed to phase 2b. In conclusion, selective P2X3 antagonism in patients with DNP did not translate to any relevant improvement in different pain intensity outcomes compared with placebo. Funding: Bayer AG.
What is new in mediastinal staging?
Authors: Schwalk Audra J. , Niroula Abesh , Schimmel Matthew 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
Appropriate staging is of utmost importance in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as the pathologic stage dictates both overall prognosis and appropriate therapeutic pathways. This article seeks to review the current recommendations for mediastinal staging of NSCLC and available modalities to achieve this. Landmark publications pertaining to recent advancements in NSCLC treatments are also highlighted and the role of specific bronchoscopic modalities for tissue acquisition are reviewed.

Recent findings
Recent advancements in the treatment of NSCLC have made accurate mediastinal staging more important than ever. Guidelines and recommendations outlining patients that warrant invasive mediastinal staging are available and a systematic approach should be utilized when sampling is performed. Ensuring the adequacy of tissue for the growing number of molecular biomarkers that must be tested has been the focus of many recent studies.

Summary
Appropriate mediastinal staging is crucial for the management of patients with NSCLC as is obtaining adequate tissue for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. EBUS-TBNA is sufficient for the diagnosis of nonsmall cell and small cell lung carcinomas, but EBUS-guided intranodal forceps and cryobiopsy may provide more optimal specimen for patients with benign disease, such as sarcoidosis, or in cases of lymphoma. Further studies are necessary to better delineate the role of these techniques in the diagnosis and staging of mediastinal diseases before they become the primary diagnostic modalities.
Impact of junior doctor strikes on patient flow in the emergency department: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ravioli Svenja , Jina Raeesa , Risk Omar , Cantle Fleur 
Published: October 2023

Background and importance
Healthcare worker strikes are a global phenomenon. Mortality and morbidity seem to be unaffected by doctor strikes, but there is little evidence on the impact on emergency department (ED) flow and patient characteristics. In March and April 2023, two consecutive UK junior doctor strikes occurred.

Objectives
This study investigated the impact of junior doctor strikes on ED patient flow. Additionally, variation in patient presentations was compared between non-strike and strike days.

Design, setting and participants
This cross-sectional study was conducted at King’s College Hospital ED, a university hospital in London. All ED attendances during the 72- and 96-hour strike actions were compared with the corresponding non-strike days of the previous week.

Outcome measures and analysis
National key performance indicators (KPIs) were analysed and compared between non-strike and strike days. Patients’ demographics, acuity and diagnoses were compared. Outcome measures included number of 4-hour breaches, number of patients admitted or discharged and ED mortality. Staff seniority was categorised into levels for analysis.

Main results
There was increased ED patient flow during strike days with a significantly shorter total time in department in March [240 min (IQR 155–469) vs. 286 min (IQR 198.5–523.5), P < 0.001] and in April [222.5 min (IQR 147–351) vs. 251.5 min (IQR 174–443), P < 0.001]. Time to first clinician, treatment, and decision to admit were all shorter during both strike actions. Number of attendances, acuity, diagnoses, admission, discharge, and mortality rates were similar during strike and non-strike days. Staffing numbers were lower or equivalent on strike days but level of seniority was higher (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The improved KPIs and increased patient flow during strike days, while multifactorial, seem largely attributed to the higher number of senior staff. Patient presentations and outcomes were unaffected by junior doctor strike action.
Traumatic injuries of the immature hip and pelvis
Authors: Moore David , Gnap Rose , Monsell Fergal 
Published: October 2023

Purpose of review
The pelvis and hip account for 0.3--4% of fractures of the immature skeleton, and generally result from high energy trauma. These fractures range in severity from apophyseal avulsions to complete disruptions of the pelvic ring. The purpose of this article is to review the presentation, diagnosis, treatment and complications of these injuries in order to inform clinicians involved in their management. There is a lack of evidence-based management protocols for fractures of the immature pelvis largely due to their rarity and lack of robust scientific literature on the topic.

Recent findings
Computed tomography/MRI is essential as up to 30% of pelvis and 70% of acetabular fractures are not identified on initial radiographs. A sub-optimal outcome is common in unstable fractures treated conservatively and adequate reduction and surgical stabilization is often required to avoid long-term morbidity.

Summary
A coordinated approach involves resuscitation and temporary stabilization with planned definitive fixation. It is generally accepted that these injures should be managed in paediatric trauma centres. Whilst injuries vary in pattern and severity, we present an overview that considers the evaluation and treatment of the paediatric patient with pelvic and hip fractures to ensure that these injuries are identified promptly and treated by surgeons familiar with contemporary management algorithms.
Effectiveness of Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Ruolin , Liu Yu , Xue Rui , Wang Ying , Zhao Fuyun , Chen Lu , Liu Jun-E 
Published: October 2023

Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common adverse effect in patients with breast cancer (BC) during treatment. Patients experiencing CIPN develop neuropathic symptoms, which could lead to the modification or discontinuation of chemotherapy. Nonpharmacological interventions can be simple and safe, but evidence of their effectiveness in patients with BC experiencing CIPN is currently insufficient.

Objective
To compare and rank the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions for CIPN in patients with BC.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of randomized controlled trials registered from database inception until October 2022 in 7 databases. We assessed studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and evaluated the risk of bias. Network meta-analysis was conducted using Stata SE 17.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas).

Results
A total of 13 studies involving 9 nonpharmacologic interventions and comprising 571 participants were included. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that cryotherapy (standard mean difference, −1.22; 95% confidence interval, −2.26 to −0.17) exerted significant effects versus usual care. Cryotherapy (surface under the cumulative ranking area [SUCRA]: 0.74) was associated with the highest likelihood of effectively alleviating CIPN in patients with BC, followed by exercise (SUCRA: 0.62) and self-acupressure (SUCRA: 0.59).

Conclusions
Cryotherapy was the most effective nonpharmacologic intervention for alleviating CIPN in patients with BC. Large-scale studies are required to verify the present findings.

Implications for Practice
This study provides evidence regarding the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions for CIPN. Physicians and nurses could incorporate cryotherapy into clinical practice to alleviate CIPN in patients with BC.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Nurse-Led Auricular Acupressure on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Among Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Jung Mi Sook , Kim Mijung , Sohn Eun Hee , Lee Jin Sun 
Published: October 2023

Background
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major symptom of distress among chemotherapy-treated cancer survivors. Although various interventions have been attempted, there is no criterion-standard treatment.

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of auricular acupressure (AA) in improving peripheral neuropathy symptoms in breast cancer patients undergoing taxane-based treatment.

Methods
A total of 51 eligible participants were enrolled and randomly allocated (1:1) to AA or sham control groups. The intervention was performed weekly for 3 weeks using different ear points, depending on the group. The Total Neuropathy Score was used to measure CIPN objectively. The Numerical Rating Scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy-20 were used to measure the subjective symptoms of CIPN. Outcomes were compared between groups by time interaction using generalized estimating equations based on the intention-to-treat principle.

Results
Only 1 participant dropped out because of nausea and mild fever. The results of generalized estimating equations showed significant improvement in Numerical Rating Scale scores on the hands and feet and total Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy-20 in the experimental group compared with the sham control group (all Ps < .05). Although the experimental group showed a greater reduction in Total Neuropathy Score scores than the sham control group, no significant differences were found.

Conclusion
Auricular acupressure is an effective and safe nurse-led intervention for managing CIPN symptoms in breast cancer patients.

Implications for Practice
The findings help nurses to integrate AA easily and usefully into nursing care, contributing to managing symptoms of CIPN in cancer patients and survivors.
Aligning Simulation-Based Education With Didactic Learning in Prelicensure Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Weeks Karen , Herron Elizabeth , Buchanan Holly 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Research has shown there is a gap between academia and practice. Nursing stakeholders support the use of the clinical judgment model in developing competency for practice.

Purpose:
This study analyzed the effectiveness of simulation-based education on the development of clinical judgment and explored new graduate nurses' perceptions of their preparation for practice.

Methods:
A longitudinal, explanatory, mixed-methods design with survey points at onset and end of the intervention and interviews 6 months postgraduation.

Results:
The Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) was utilized for the pre- and posttest surveys. Two-tailed Mann-Whitney 2-sample rank sum tests were conducted and analyzed for all items on the SET-M. Significant differences were seen in pre- and posttest responses for 12 of the 19 SET-M survey items.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study support the deliberate alignment of didactic and practical teaching strategies to strengthen practice performance and bridge the gap.
Trigeminal neuropathy presenting secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: O'Neill Francis , De Stefano Gianfranco , Pridgeon Mike , Bhargava Deepti , Marshall Anne , Marshall Andrew , Frank Bernhard 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
A 58-year-old woman presented to a multidisciplinary facial pain clinic in October 2021 complaining of a constant pain in the right side of her face since contracting coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 18 months earlier. The pain extending from the right temple down to her right cheek extraorally and including the maxillary teeth and right side of tongue intraorally. This was accompanied by anosmia, diplopia on lateral gaze, and dizziness.

Methods:
Clinical examination was supplemented with several neurophysiological tests to confirm the diagnosis including an MRI brain scan, quantitative sensory testing, electrophysiological blink reflex testing, corneal confocal microscopy, and pain and short-form anxiety and depression questionnaires.

Results:
Quantitative sensory testing showed unilateral loss of perception in thermal and mechanical sensibility and bilateral hyperalgesia indicating central sensitization. Bilateral corneal confocal microscopy showed an abnormally reduced corneal nerve fibre length on the right side. MRI, blink reflex, and masseter inhibitory testing findings were normal.

Conclusion:
This case study is the first case of trigeminal neuropathy related to SARS-CoV-2 infection reported in the literature. It also discusses the successful management of the patient's trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Brief Report: Social Factors Associated With Trajectories of HIV-Related Stigma and Everyday Discrimination Among Women Living With HIV in Vancouver, Canada: Longitudinal Cohort Findings
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Shannon Kate , Braschel Melissa , Krüsi Andrea , Norris Candice , Zhu Haoxuan , Deering Kathleen 
Published: October 2023

Introduction:
Women living with HIV (WLHIV) experience stigma rooted in social inequities. We examined associations between social factors (food insecurity, housing insecurity, violence, sexual minority identity, and substance use) and HIV-related stigma and Everyday Discrimination trajectories among WLHIV.

Methods:
This community-based open longitudinal cohort study with WLHIV living in and/or accessing HIV care in Metro Vancouver, Canada, plotted semiannual averages (2015–2019) of recent (past 6-month) HIV-related stigma and Everyday Discrimination. We examined distinct trajectories of HIV-related stigma and Everyday Discrimination using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and baseline correlates of each trajectory using multinomial logistic regression.

Findings:
Among participants (HIV-related stigma sample: n = 197 participants with n = 985 observations; Everyday Discrimination sample: n = 203 participants with n = 1096 observations), LCGA identified 2 distinct HIV-related stigma and Everyday Discrimination trajectories: sustained low and consistently high. In multivariable analysis, concurrent food and housing insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–4.12) and physical/sexual violence (AOR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.22–5.42) were associated with higher odds of the consistently high (vs. sustained low) HIV-related stigma trajectory. Sexual minority identity (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.49–5.45), concurrent food and housing insecurity (AOR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.38–5.08), and noninjection substance use (less than daily vs. none) (AOR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.03–4.07) were associated with higher odds of the consistently high (vs. sustained low) Everyday Discrimination trajectory.

Conclusions:
Social inequities were associated with consistently high HIV-related stigma and Everyday Discrimination among WLHIV. Multilevel strategies can address violence, economic insecurity, intersecting stigma, and discrimination to optimize health and rights among WLHIV.