bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in prothrombotic genes and their impact on ischemic stroke in a Sardinian population
Authors: Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Nitsch Dorothea , Gigante Bruna , Zanda Bastianina , Stanzione Rosita , Evangelista Anna , Pirisi Angelo , Rosati Giulio , Volpe Massimo , Rubattu Speranza 
Published: May 2005

SummaryGenetic factors are involved in the individual predisposition to develop ischemic stroke (IS). In the present study we tested the role of the Factor VII G10976A and –C122T polymorphisms on the susceptibility to develop IS in a genetically homogenous and clinically well ascertained case-control study including 294 cases (median age 75 years; 176 males/118 females) and 286 controls (median age 73 years; 163 males/123 females) in Sardinia, Italy. In addition, we carried out an exploratory analysis with respect to other frequently studied polymorphisms of haemostatic factor genes: Factor II G20210A, Factor V G1691A,, Fibrinogen α-chain Thr312Ala, Fibrinogen β-chain –C148T, Factor XIII G185T, GPIIb/IIIa T1565C. Among all the genes tested, FVII –C122T showed a significant, independent contribution to IS predisposition both in crude and adjusted analyses (crude OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.09–2.10, P=0.013; adjusted OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.09, P=0.028, respectively). Haplotype analyses revealed a conserved population structure with high linkage disequilibrium between both FVII mutations tested. Blood levels of FVII had an inverse relationship with the polymorphism involved. Apart from genetic influence, there was a significant role for hypertension (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.19–2.43, P=0.003), hypercholesterolemia (OR=2.21, 95% CI 1.38–3.54, P=0.001) and atrial fibrillation (OR=1.66, 95% CI 1.06–2.58, P=0.026) on IS occurrence. In summary, we describe evidence for a possible direct association of FVII gene molecular variants with the occurrence of IS in a genetically homogenous human sample.
Eddy-Induced Heat Transport in the Subtropical North Pacific from Argo, TMI, and Altimetry Measurements
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Basin-scale heat transport induced by mesoscale oceanic eddies is estimated by combining satellite-derived sea surface height and temperature [temperature data are from the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)] data with Argo float temperature–salinity data. In the North Pacific Ocean subtropical gyre, warm (cold) temperature anomalies of mesoscale eddies are found to be consistently located to the west of high (low) SSH anomalies. The phase misalignment between the temperature and velocity anomalies, however, is largely confined to the seasonal thermocline, causing most of the eddy-induced heat transport to be carried in the surface 200-m layer. By establishing a statistical relationship between the surface and depth-integrated values of the eddy heat transport, the basin-scale eddy heat transport is derived from the concurrent satellite SSH/SST data of the past six years. In the Kuroshio Extension region, the meandering zonal jet is found to generate oppositely signed eddy heat fluxes. As a result, the zonally integrated poleward heat transport associated with the Kuroshio Extension is at a level O(0.1 PW), smaller than the previous estimates based on turbulent closure schemes. Large poleward eddy heat transport is also found in the subtropical North Pacific along a southwest–northeast-tilting band between Taiwan and the Midway Islands. This band corresponds to the region of the subtropical front, and it is argued that the relevant temperature field for identifying this band in the turbulent closure scheme models should be that averaged over the seasonal thermocline.
A Series of Zonal Jets Embedded in the Broad Zonal Flows in the Pacific Obtained in Eddy-Permitting Ocean General Circulation Models
Authors: Nakano Hideyuki , Hasumi Hiroyasu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA series of zonal currents in the Pacific Ocean is investigated using eddy-permitting ocean general circulation models. The zonal currents in the subsurface are classified into two parts: one is a series of broad zonal flows that has the meridional pattern slanting poleward with increasing depth and the other is finescale zonal jets with the meridional scale of 3°–5° formed in each broad zonal flow. The basic pattern for the broad zonal flows is similar between the coarse-resolution model and the eddy-permitting model and is thought to be the response to the wind forcing. A part of the zonal jets embedded in each zonal flow is explained by the anomalous local wind forcing. Most of them, however, seem to be mainly created by the rectification of turbulent processes on a β plane (the Rhines effect), and zonal jets in this study have common features with the zonally elongated flows obtained in previous modeling studies conducted in idealized basins. The position of zonal jets is not stable when the ocean floor is flat, whereas it oscillates only within a few degrees under realistic bottom topography.
Self-defence among Innocent People
Authors: Øverland Gerhard 
Published: May 2005

AbstractI explain the asymmetry between innocent aggressors and their (innocent) victims, and attempt to separate justified and unjustified defensive force when both parties are innocent. I propose the principle of initiating behaviour, which states that: ‘In order for one person to be justified in using defensive force the other party must initiate the apparently threatening behaviour, but the defendant’s interpretation of that behaviour, as being threatening, would have to be reasonable.’ We can thereby maintain the view that there is a significant relation between an act being justified and which party ought eventually to be given priority in a conflict situation. If we know that an act is justified, we know that we have to give preference to its agent when there is a choice between imposing equal harm on him or her and his or her victim.
Investigation of factors responsible for cell line cytoplasmic expression differences
Authors: Finn Jonathan D , Wong Tabitha , Cullis Pieter R 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
Previous work has described a novel cytoplasmic expression system that results in a 20-fold increase in the levels of gene expression over a standard CMV-based nuclear expression system, as compared with a 2–3 fold increase seen with previous similar systems. While this increase was seen with BHK and Neuro-2a cells, further studies revealed that some cell lines, such as COS-7, demonstrated relatively poor levels of cytoplasmic expression. The objective of this study was to determine what factors were responsible for the different expression levels between BHK (a high expressing cell line) and COS-7 (a low expressing cell line).

Results
The main findings of this work are that the individual elements of the cytoplasmic expression system (such as the T7 RNAP gene and Internal Ribosome Entry Sequence) are functioning similarly in both cell types. Both cell types were found to have the same amount of cytosolic nuclease activity, and that the cells appeared to have differences in the intra-cellular processing of DNA -cationic lipid complexes.

Conclusion
After exploring many factors, it was found that differences in the intra-cellular processing of the DNA-cationic lipid complex was the most probable factor responsible for the difference in cytoplasmic gene expression.
Characterisation and application of a bovine U6 promoter for expression of short hairpin RNAs
Authors: Lambeth Luke S , Moore Robert J , Muralitharan Morley , Dalrymple Brian P , McWilliam Sean , Doran Timothy J 
Published: May 2005

Abstract

Background
The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in animals to achieve double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) has recently emerged as a powerful method of sequence-specific gene knockdown. As DNA-based expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) for RNAi may offer some advantages over chemical and in vitro synthesised siRNA, a number of vectors for expression of shRNA have been developed. These often feature polymerase III (pol. III) promoters of either mouse or human origin.

Results
To develop a shRNA expression vector specifically for bovine RNAi applications, we identified and characterised a novel bovine U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoter from bovine sequence data. This promoter is the putative bovine homologue of the human U6-8 snRNA promoter, and features a number of functional sequence elements that are characteristic of these types of pol. III promoters. A PCR based cloning strategy was used to incorporate this promoter sequence into plasmid vectors along with shRNA sequences for RNAi. The promoter was then used to express shRNAs, which resulted in the efficient knockdown of an exogenous reporter gene and an endogenous bovine gene.

Conclusion
We have mined data from the bovine genome sequencing project to identify a functional bovine U6 promoter and used the promoter sequence to construct a shRNA expression vector. The use of this native bovine promoter in shRNA expression is an important component of our future development of RNAi therapeutic and transgenic applications in bovine species.
Single-feature polymorphism discovery in the barley transcriptome
Authors: Rostoks Nils , Borevitz Justin O , Hedley Peter E , Russell Joanne , Mudie Sharon , Morris Jenny , Cardle Linda , Marshall David F , Waugh Robbie 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA probe-level model for analysis of GeneChip gene-expression data is presented which identified more than 10,000 single-feature polymorphisms (SFP) between two barley genotypes. The method has good sensitivity, as 67% of known single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were called as SFPs. This method is applicable to all oligonucleotide microarray data, accounts for SNP effects in gene-expression data and represents an efficient and versatile approach for highly parallel marker identification in large genomes.
Enantiopreferential DNA Binding: [{(5,6-dmp)2Ru}2(μ-bpm)]4+ Induces a B-to-Z Conformational Change on DNA
Authors: Uma Maheswari Palanisamy , Rajendiran Venugopal , Palaniandavar Mallayan , Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan , Subramanian Venkatesan 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [{(5,6-dmp)2Ru}2(μ-bpm)]4+ (5,6-dmp = 5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline; bpm = 2,2′-bipyrimidine) was synthesized and the meso (ΔΛ) and rac (ΔΔ, ΛΛ) diastereoisomers separated using cation-exchange chromatography, and characterized using CHN analysis as well as UV–visible and 1H NMR spectra. The rac form was interacted with calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) and certain selected dodecanucleotides, like poly d(GC)12 and poly d(AT)12 and the hexanucleotide d(GTCGAC)2. Absorption, emission and circular dichroic spectral techniques, DNA melting studies and viscometry were used to monitor the interactions. Induced biphasic CD signals due to exciton coupling between dinuclear complexes bound on the DNA nanotemplate and the complexes free in solution were observed in the UV region. In contrast, the mononuclear analogue rac-[Ru(5,6-dmp)2(bipy)]2+ did not show any biphasic CD signal upon an interaction with DNA under identical conditions. An increase in the ionic strength of the buffer and a decrease in the length of the DNA lowered the extent of exciton coupling. Also, the complex preferentially bound to GC, rather than the AT sequence, as revealed from the higher intensity of the biphasic CD signal for the former. An equilibrium dialysis experiment unambiquously revealed the preferential binding of ΔΔ-enantiomer to CT DNA, and also its potential, interestingly, to induce a B-to-Z conformational change on DNA. The latter was confirmed by the 31P NMR spectra of poly d(GC)12 bound to the dinuclear complex. A DNA binding model involving the partial insertion of one of the 5,6-dmp ligands of the large dinuclear complex (ΔΔ-enantiomer) between the DNA base pairs in the minor groove was suggested using molecular modeling; this model is preferred over one involving simple, electrostatic groove binding. This is supported by viscometry studies, which indicate an enhancement in the relative viscosity of CT DNA upon an interaction with the dinuclear complex.
Direct Oxidation of Methane by Pd–Ni Bimetallic Catalyst over Lanthanum Chromite Based Anode for SOFC
Authors: Nabae Yuta , Yamanaka Ichiro , Takenaka Sakae , Hatano Masaharu , Otsuka Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Steady generation of electricity with dry CH4 fuel, 150 mW·cm−2 at 1073 K and 360 mW·cm−2 at 1173 K, was successfully performed by a low loading of Pd–Ni bimetallic catalyst on a lanthanum chromite based porous-composite anode for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). The amounts of carbon deposition were quite small under the open and closed circuit conditions. The electrocatalytic activity of the Pd–Ni catalyst was significantly higher than that of Pd or Ni catalysts.
Analysis of Titanium Dental Implants Surrounding Soft Tissue Using X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Analysis
Authors: Uo Motohiro , Asakura Kiyotaka , Yokoyama Atsuro , Tamura Kazuchika , Totsuka Yasunori , Akasaka Tsukasa , Watari Fumio 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis was applied for the analysis of titanium (Ti) in the human oral mucosa in contact with Ti dental implants from two different patients. Metallic Ti and an oxide (anatase) were detected. The metallic Ti was distributed in particulate form, which would be debris formed by the abrasion during the operation of implantation. The possibility of using XAFS for the analysis of the chemical state of rarely contained elements in biological tissue was suggested.
Cyclization of o-Functionalized α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes: Synthesis of Isoquinoline Derivatives Bearing Fluorinated One-Carbon Units
Authors: Mori Takashi , Iwai Yu , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
α-Trifluoromethylstyrenes with a formimidoyl, an N-hydroxyformimidoyl, or a tosylamidomethyl group at the ortho position undergo intramolecular addition or SN2′-type substitution at the trifluoromethylvinyl moiety, leading to a variety of isoquinoline derivatives bearing 4-trifluoromethyl, 4-difluoromethyl, and 4-difluoromethylene groups.
Partial Ring Hydrogenation of Naphthols over Supported Metal Catalysts in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent
Authors: Mine Eiichi , Haryu Eiji , Arai Kunio , Sato Takafumi , Sato Osamu , Sasaki Akiyoshi , Rode Chandrashekhar V , Shirai Masayuki 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Selective ring hydrogenation of naphthols to tetrahydronaphthols and tetralones proceeded at 323 K over a charcoal supported rhodium catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide.
Artificial Fibular Muscles with 20% Strain Based on Polypyrrole–Metal Coil Composites
Authors: Hara Susumu , Zama Tetsuji , Tanaka Noboru , Takashima Wataru , Kaneto Keiichi 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A fibrous polypyrrole Pt/Ir-coil composite actuator, prepared electrochemically from a methyl benzoate solution of tetra-n-butylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TBATFSI), exhibited 20% electrochemical strain in propylene carbonate/water solution of LiTFSI. The artificial muscle fibre based on TFSI-doped PPy–Pt/Ir coil composite has reached the same level of natural muscle’s strain.
Cr(salen)-catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Allylstannane to Aldehydes
Authors: Shimada Yuya , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Cr(salen) complex 3 was found to be an efficient catalyst for asymmetric addition of allyltributylstannane to non-branched aliphatic aldehydes, giving the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in a highly enantioselective manner. For example, its addition to 3-phenylpropanal and 6-phenoxyhexanal proceeded with 92 and 94% ees, respectively, under atmospheric pressure.
Molybdenum- and Rhenium-catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclopropanemethanols to Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Maeda Yasunari , Nishimura Takahiro , Uemura Sakae 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Molybdenum- and rhenium-complexes work as affective catalysts for isomerization of a variety of cyclopropanemethanols into the corresponding tetrahydrofurans in good to high yields. The reaction may proceed via 1) [3,3]sigmatropic rearrangement involving an oxo metal cyclopropanemethanolate accompanied by the C–C bond cleavage and 2) the metal-catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of the initially produced homoallylic alcohols.
The Unbearable Lightness of Wartime Cuisine
Authors: marin alma 
Published: May 2005

The world has always been imperfect. I just didn't pay much attention, like so many people who go about their lives ignoring atrocities, war, hunger as if such things happened only in books or films. And even when I found myself in the middle of the chaos of war, for a long time I thought that I would awaken into a beautiful spring morning and realize it was all a bad dream.
In those years, my life spun around one word: survival. That meant coping with existence without water, electricity, and with very little food; queuing in lines for hours under incessant shell and sniper fire to get basic things that are normally taken for granted.
Bonding Corneal Tissue: Applications of Photoactivated Diazopyruvoyl Cross‐linking Agent
Authors: Timberlake George T. , Yousef Abraham L. , Chiles Stacy R. , Moses Rachel A. , Givens Richard S. 
Published: May 2005

ABSTRACTPhotoactivated bis‐diazopyruvamide—N,N′‐bis(3‐diazopyruvoyl)‐2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis‐(ethylamine), (DPD)—was previously shown to bond materials containing type I collagen. However, tensile strength of bonded collagenous tissue (∼78% water) was low compared with that of dehydrated collagenous gelatin (∼14% water). Here we investigated the role of water in corneal tissue bond strength and in bonding corneal tissue to glass. Bonding corneal tissue to glass may be of value in surgically anchoring keratoprostheses to corneas to alleviate problems with extrusion. Bovine corneal samples were lyophilized for various times resulting in tissue hydrations of zero (no water content) to ∼3.7 (normal water content). The lyophilized corneal tissue was bonded to solid gelatin sheets, to other corneal samples and to glass using 0.3M DPD in chloroform. Control runs used chloroform only. Samples were irradiated with 100 or 200 J of 320–500 nm light. Strong bonds formed with all three materials when corneal tissue hydration was 1. No bonds or extremely weak bonds formed when tissue hydration levels were 1. No bonding occurred with chloroform alone. Formation of strong bonds only occurs with hydration levels 1 because corneal collagen fibrils are tightly packed and close enough to cross‐link with the 1.78 nm long DPD.
Higher frequency of uncommon 1.5–2 Mb deletions found in familial cases of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Fernández Luis , Lapunzina Pablo , Pajares Isidora López , Criado Germán Rodríguez , García‐Guereta Luis , Pérez Jesús , Quero José , Delicado Alicia 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFamilial 22q11.2 deletions have been reported as a 6%–28% of the total affected cases of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (del22q11.2). Different deletion genotypes have been described for this disorder, with a predominant 3 Mb deletion present in 90% of the cases, a less common 1.5–2 Mb deletion in 8%, and atypical smaller deletions in 2%. We have studied 15 cases of del22q11.2 from 6 families (two of them three‐generation families) that were previously diagnosed through FISH. We have sized the deleted region by allele genotyping of 12–16 polymorphic markers in all cases, and we have found three families affected with the 1.5–2 Mb deletion, two affected with the 3 Mb deletion, and one in which the deletion size could not be determined. This predominance of the smaller 1.5–2 Mb deletions in our familial cases differs from the minor frequency observed in sporadic cases of del22q11.2. This finding suggests that small deletions are more linked to familial inheritance than large ones, possibly due to psychosocial or biological factors associated with differences in the phenotype. Deletion sizing on routine diagnosis may help characterizing the inheritability of 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unstable Robertsonian translocations der(13;15)(q10;q10): Heritable chromosome fission without phenotypic effect in two kindreds
Authors: Perry Jo , White Sue M. , Nouri Sara , Bain Sharon M. , Hutchinson Rhonda G. , La Phung , Northrop Emma , Eyre Helen J. , Pertile Mark D. , Hocking Trudy A. , Thompson Elizabeth M. , Yu Sui , Choo K.H. Andy , Slater Howard R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractRobertsonian translocations (RTs) are amongst the most common chromosome abnormalities, but being essentially balanced are not usually associated with phenotypic abnormality. Despite being dicentric, RTs are almost always transmitted stably through cell division without chromosome breakage. We have investigated spontaneous fission of der(13;15)(q10;q10) chromosomes in eight individuals from two unrelated kindreds with a view to assessing clinical significance and to seek an explanation for the peculiar heritable instability displayed by these chromosomes. In Family 1, fission products were observed in five members in three generations. The instability was observed in cells derived from chorionic villus and lymphocytes. In Family 2, the same phenomenon was observed in amniocytes from two separate pregnancies and maternal blood lymphocytes. Detailed FISH analysis of these RTs showed them to be dicentric with an unremarkable pericentromeric structure. Notably, combined immunofluoresence and FISH analysis showed the presence of the centromere‐specific proteins CENP‐A and CENP‐E, consistent with functional dicentricity in >75% of cells analyzed. The fission products are, therefore, presumed to be the result of sporadic, bipolar kinetochore attachment, anaphase bridging with resultant inter‐centromeric breakage in a small proportion of mitoses. None of the eight carriers shows phenotypic abnormality and therefore, for prenatal counseling purposes, there appears to be no increased specific risk associated with this phenomenon. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Highest Bond Order Between Heavier Main‐Group Elements in an Isolated Compound? Energetics and Vibrational Spectroscopy of S2I4(MF6)2 (M: As, Sb).
Authors: Brownridge Scott , Cameron T. Stanley , Du Hongbin , Knapp Carsten , Koeppe Ralf , Passmore Jack , Rautiainen J. Mikko , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural Diversity of Sheets in Rubidium Uranyl Oxoselenates: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Rb2 [(UO2)(SeO4)2(H2O)] (H2O), Rb2 [(UO2)2(SeO4)3 (H2O)2](H2O)4, and Rb4 [(UO2)3(SeO4)5(H2O)].
Authors: Krivovichev Sergey V. , Kahlenberg Volker 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Quaternary Thorium Chalcophosphates: Cs4Th2P6S18 and Rb7Th2P6Se21.
Authors: Chan Benny C. , Hess Ryan F. , Feng Patrick L. , Abney Kent D. , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
First Nickel(II) Cation Inclusion within the Mixed‐Valence Polyoxomolybdate Capped with Four NiII(en)(H2O) Groups: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of [MoV8MoVI4O30 (μ2‐OH)6 (NiIIO4){NiII(en) (H2O)}4].
Authors: Cui Xiao‐Bing , Zheng Shou‐Tian , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinoline to 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline.
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Yukio , Numata Kaori , Sasaki Gaku 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Candida rugosa Lipase‐Mediated Enantioselective Acetylation Studies on (.+‐.)‐3‐Arylmethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1‐benzopyran‐4(H)‐ones.
Authors: Trikha Smriti , Kumar Rajesh , Dhawan Ashish , Poonam Poonam , Prasad Ashok K. , Cholli Ashok L. , Olsen Carl E. , Watterson Arthur C. , Parmar Virinder S. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Allylation of Aldehydes Using Cerium(III) Chloride: Simple Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Kondaji G. , Reddy J. Shyam Sunder 
Published: May 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.