bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparel Distribution: Inter-firm Contracting and Intra-firm Organization
Authors: Miwa Yoshiro , Mark Ramseyer J 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
“They’re all the same. None of ‘em are exciting.” The sale of men’s business suits had fallen since 1992 in Japan and that, apparently, was how one industry executive explained it (Senken, 1999: 132). He was surely right, of course, though the explanation bordered on the apocryphal economist’s reason for the long line at the movie theater: the price was too low.
Procedural Law In International Arbitration
Authors: Petrochilos Georgios 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
International arbitration has become the preferred method for the resolution of international commercial disputes, yet the question still remains: What is the procedural law of international commercial arbitral proceedings and what is its relevance? This book comprehensively analyses the relevant legislative practice of all major arbitration venues in the world, as well as the arbitral practice of a number of arbitral institutions. Practitioners will welcome the book’s examination of the fate of awards annulled in their state of origin, ‘stateless’ awards, the procedural regime of arbitrations involving sovereign states, and the human rights considerations in international arbitration.
Introduction: International Banking and the American Challenge in Historical Perspective
Authors: Battilossi Stefano 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Until quite recently, American banks in Europe were largely diplomatic and social outposts for the home concern. They evolved in the early 1900s as courtesy stations where rich aunts could get their checks cashed or have a trust officer help keep an eye on investments. Their nephews and nieces on European tours used the bank, and so did a few vacationing businessmen. Even during a short flurry of business activity in the 1920s a faint aura of afternoon tea and evening dinner-jacket languor clung to these way stations.
United States Banks and Europe: Strategy and Attitudes
Authors: Sylla Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What to Europeans appeared to be a US banking invasion from the 1950s to the 1970s was, from the perspective of the American banks, more in the nature of an escape. US banking leaders during the 1950s and 1960s were ambitious for their institutions and innovative in their strategies and tactics. Ostensibly, they were in a commanding position to give vent to their ambitions. The US economy was the largest around the world; with only three mild and short-lived recessions, it performed admirably throughout the two decades. The US dollar had already replaced the British pound as the world’s international currency, the one the world most desired, especially during the ‘dollar shortage’ of the late 1940s and the 1950s. The dollar was the anchor of the Bretton Woods world monetary system. Moreover, a freer international trading system largely constructed by US statesmen increased world trade, leading to greater demand for international finance.
Culture and Political Community: National, Global, and Cosmopolitan
Authors: Held David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This ‘window’ explores the impact on national culture of the globalization of communications and cultural life. It is in four parts. In the first part, the historical background to the debate about the nature and prospects of national culture is explored. The second and third sections examine the debate in an era of increasing trans border cultural interchange. Two positions are set out: the traditionalist or modern, territorial, state-based conception of the enduring significance of national identity and the cultural globalist position—the view that global popular culture, consumption orientations and hybrid identities are transforming cultural life. These positions are related to the development of political community and, in particular, to accounts about the proper nature and locus of the political good. The fourth and final part draws on aspects of both accounts, and points toward an alternative formulation, which appears a better fit with, and more appropriate to, cultural and political life in the contemporary age.
The Cosmopolitan Perspective: Sociology in the Second Age of Modernity
Authors: Beck Ulrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The cosmopolitan gaze opens wide and focuses—stimulated by the postmodern mix of boundaries between cultures and identities, accelerated by the dynamics of capital and consumption, empowered by capitalism undermining national borders, excited by the global audience of transnational social movements and guided and encouraged by the evidence of worldwide communication (often just another word for misunderstanding) on central themes such as science, law, art, fashion, entertainment and, not least, politics. Worldwide public debate and perception of global ecological danger or global risks of a technological and economic nature (‘Frankenstein food’) have laid open the cosmopolitan significance of fear. And if we needed any proof that even genocide and the horrors of war now have a cosmopolitan aspect, this was provided by the Kosovo war in the spring of 1999 when NATO bombed Serbia in order to enforce the implementation of human rights.
The Class Consciousness of Frequent Travellers: Towards a Critique of Actually Existing Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Calhoun Craig 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Some claim that the world is gradually becoming united, that it will grow into a brotherly community as distances shrink and ideas are transmitted through the air. Alas, you must not believe that men can be united in this way. —Fyodor Dostoevsky (1981: 379) A certain attenuated cosmopolitanism had taken place of the old home feeling. —Thomas Carlyle (1888: 369) Among the great struggles of man—good/evil, reason/unreason, etc.—there is also this mighty conflict between the fantasy of Home and the fantasy of Away, the dream of roots and the mirage of the journey.
Humanitarian Military Intervention
Authors: Seybolt Taylor B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Military intervention in a conflict without a reasonable prospect of success is unjustifiable, especially when it is done in the name of humanity. Couched in the debate on the responsibility to protect civilians from violence and drawing on traditional ‘just war’ principles, the central premise of this book is that humanitarian military intervention can be justified as a policy option only if decision makers can be reasonably sure that intervention will do more good than harm. This book asks, ‘Have past humanitarian military interventions been successful?’ It defines success as saving lives and sets out a methodology for estimating the number of lives saved by a particular military intervention. Analysis of 17 military operations in six conflict areas that were the defining cases of the 1990s-northern Iraq after the Gulf War, Somalia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, Kosovo and East Timor-shows that the majority were successful by this measure. In every conflict studied, however, some military interventions succeeded while others failed, raising the question, ‘Why have some past interventions been more successful than others?’ This book argues that the central factors determining whether a humanitarian intervention succeeds are the objectives of the intervention and the military strategy employed by the intervening states. Four types of humanitarian military intervention are offered: helping to deliver emergency aid, protecting aid operations, saving the victims of violence and defeating the perpetrators of violence. The focus on strategy within these four types allows an exploration of the political and military dimensions of humanitarian intervention and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the four types. Humanitarian military intervention is controversial. Scepticism is always in order about the need to use military force because the consequences can be so dire. Yet it has become equally controversial not to intervene when a government subjects its citizens to massive violation of their basic human rights. This book recognizes the limits of humanitarian intervention but does not shy away from suggesting how military force can save lives in extreme circumstances.
Farewell to constructivism : technology and context-embedded action
Authors: Kallinikos ℱ nnis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If you are asked whether technology influences human behaviour, do not hasten to answer in the affirmative. You may be accused of being determinist, and you could attract a swarm of other, rather derogatory, adjectives. If you express the belief that technology is a distinct realm of social life marked by its own specific rules, practices, and conventions, then you may be looked upon with suspicion and declared as an unforgivable essentialist (e.g. Grint and Woolgar 1997). Easy labelling of this sort is, of course, an old rhetorical strategy that serves purposes other than analytic. Yet the issues raised by these labels are deeply serious. The view that technology is but social, and technological artefacts interpretable and reshapable to the demands of situated agents, has tended to acquire the status of an unquestionable belief, at least as far as the disciplines of information systems and organization studies are concerned. While being originally a sound counter reaction to a simplified conception of technology as descending from engineering, such a belief is misleading, unless qualified in elaborate ways.
Reflections on information systems strategizing
Authors: Galliers Robert D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter has the aim of reflecting on developments in the area of information systems strategy and, more particularly, on the process of information systems strategizing. It does so against the background of something of a hiatus in the treatment of the topic in the Information Systems literature, especially since the heightened interest in this area of research up to the early 1990s. A further motivation arises from the relative paucity of serious reflection on Information Systems issues in much of the Strategic Management and Organizational Behaviour literatures on strategy and strategizing (Orlikowski 2000 being a notable exception). The chapter also aims to take account of key advances in the early twenty-first century in information and communication technologies, knowledge management, and the rapidly-changing nature of the business environment.
Making Time
Authors: Whipp Richard , Adam Barbara , Sabelis Ida 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The essence of time is a common feature in the world of business, yet at the same time is all too often taken for granted. This volume provides a complete overview of some of the key concepts of time and also describes the complexities involved when considering the type of organization as well as its level of globalization. This book will be essential reading for those who want to understand the dynamics of time in organizations and the entire business economy.
Hanging on the Telephone: Temporal Flexibility and the Accessible Worker
Authors: Bell Emma , Tuckman Alan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter we consider the impact of flexible working time arrangements on the UK chemical industry. We focus on annualized hours agreements, which provide managers with a strategy for extending workers’ temporal availability. First, however, and in order to begin to explore some of the consequences of this temporal redefinition of the employment relationship, let us consider the following examples, in which managers describe some of the difficulties encountered in implementing annualized hours.
The Rhythm of the Organization: Simultaneity, Identity, and Discipline in an Australian Coastal Hotel
Authors: Bunzel Dirk 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While the issue of time has recently received increased attention in the field of organization studies, rhythms and their role in the creation of (organizational) identity are issues still to be discovered for the field.1 This chapter, then, attempts both raising awareness of the issue of rhythmicity and illustrating its relevance to organization studies. Accordingly, I will describe aspects of organ izational life at an Australian coastal hotel that seem to convey a sense of the rhythm of the organization.2 Based on this account, I will briefly address the constitution of rhythms and reflect on their role within society, highlighting their socially integrative function.
The Economics of ‘Tagging’ as Applied to the Optimal Income Tax, Welfare Programs, and Manpower Planning
Authors: Akerlof By George A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The advantages of a negative income tax are easy to describe. Such a tax typically gives positive work incentives to even the poorest persons. With some forms of the negative income tax there are no incentives for families to split apart to obtain greater welfare payments. Furthermore, individuals of similar income are treated in similar fashion, and therefore it is fair and also relatively cheap and easy to administer.
Introduction: How to Resume the Task of Tracing Associations*
Authors: Latour Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The argument of this book can be stated very simply: when social scientists add the adjective ‘social’ to some phenomenon, they designate a stabilized state of affairs, a bundle of ties that, later, may be mobilized to account for some other phenomenon. There is nothing wrong with this use of the word as long as it designates what is already assembled together, without making any superfluous assumption about the nature of what is assembled. Problems arise, however, when ‘social’ begins to mean a type of material, as if the adjective was roughly comparable to other terms like ‘wooden’, ‘steely’, ‘biological’, ‘economical’, ‘mental’, ‘organizational’, or ‘linguistic ’.
Introduction to Part II: Why is it so Difficult to Trace the Social?
Authors: Latour Bruno 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It should be the simplest thing in the world. We are all bound by social interactions; we all live in a society; and we are all cultural animals. Why do these ties remain so elusive? In the preceding pages, one reason has been offered up as an explanation. The adjective ‘social’ designates two entirely different phenomena: it’s at once a substance, a kind of stuff, and also a movement between non-social elements. In both cases, the social vanishes. When it is taken as a solid, it loses its ability to associate; when it’s taken as a fluid, the social again disappears because it flashes only briefly, just at the fleeting moment when new associations are sticking the collective together. Although it seemed at first sight that the subject matter of social sciences was easy to locate thanks to the massive and ubiquitous evidence of the social order, it now appears that it’s just the opposite: there is nothing more difficult to grasp than social ties.
Joint Ventures: Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives
Authors: Kogut Bruce 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The study of joint ventures has attracted increasing interest in the popular press and academic literature. Though joint ventures are an important alternative to acquisitions, contracting, and internal development, the literature has not been consolidated and analysed. This chapter provides a critical review of existing studies and new data in order to establish current theoretical and empirical directions. In particular, a theory of joint ventures as an instrument of organizational learning is proposed. In this view a joint venture is used for the transfer of organizationally embedded knowledge which cannot be easily blueprinted or packaged through licensing or market transactions.
International Joint Ventures
Authors: Parkhe Arvind 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Back in 1966, General Motors Corporation boldly declared in its annual report that “Unified ownership for coordinated policy control of all of our operations throughout the world is essential for our effective performance as a worldwide corporation.” That was then. Today, virtually all companies, including former corporate loners such as GM, are forsaking their emphasis on unified ownership in favor of joint ventures, which represent combined ownership and shared control. With the growing globalization of business, such joint ventures are often international in scope. The trend toward international joint ventures, already conspicuous during the 1980s (Hergert and Morris, 1988), further accelerated during the 1990s. Cross-border transactions, mainly international joint ventures, reached record levels in 1993, climbing by almost 20% from 1992 and three times from 1990 levels (Knecht, 1994).
Information Asymmetry, Adverse Selection, and Joint Ventures: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Balakrishnan Srinivasan , Koza Mitchell P 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A joint venture is a special mechanism for pooling complementary assets owned by separate firms.1 In most joint ventures the parent firms combine part or all of their assets into a legally separate unit and agree to share the profits from the venture. Like the more typical common stock company, this unit is usually free to raise additional capital, enter into contracts, buy and sell goods and services, hire employees, and the like. In matters of policy making and control, however, the joint venture is more like a partnership.
Do Firms Learn to Create Value? The Case of Alliances
Authors: Anand Bharat N , Khanna Tarun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Alliances create value (Chan et al., 1997; McConnell and Nantel, 1985).1 Yet, there is widespread recognition of the difficulty inherent in this process of value creation, as evidenced by the large fraction of firms that fail to do so, by the numerous academic publications highlighting the failure of alliances (see, for example, Kogut, 1989), and by the wisdom among practitioners.2 What, then, drives value creation in alliances? Our empirical analysis points to two important factors: a firm’s experience in managing alliances, and the existence of persistent firm-specific differences in the ability (or inability) to create value through alliances.
The Psychology of Curiosity: A Review and Reinterpretation
Authors: Loewenstein George 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The genesis of this paper was a gripe. A few years before writing it I had become interested in the phenomenon of curiosity. I read all the literature on curiosity that I could get my hands on, came up with my own “information gap” theory, and ran a series of studies to test the theory. I then submitted the resulting paper for publication, with disastrous results. Curiosity as a topic of study was ‘off the map’ in psychology at that point, and had been for decades, so the editor must have had trouble identifying appropriate reviewers. He must have decided that ‘intrinsic motivation’ was the closest topic to curiosity that people were actively researching. At least that was my inference, based on a series of reviews, the main gist of which seemed to be that my theory was crap, that the right theory was based on the concept of intrinsic motivation, and that I obviously didn’t know anything about the topic of curiosity.
Part of the Solution: Emerging Workforce Intermediaries in the United States
Authors: Dresser Laura , Rogers Joel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Faced with the unsettling changes in competitive practice, work organization, and workforce demographics explored throughout this volume, many in Europe look to the United States as a model for labor-market ‘flexibility’ in responding to them. As used conventionally in policy circles, ‘flexibility’ carries the positive connotation of agile firm and broader labor-market adjustment to changing market demands and opportunities, an adjustment that may be painful to some but is good for the broader society. The most thoughtful US observers are less impressed with flexibility, however, at least as exercised here, since here it has largely been one-sided, negative, and evidenced less social invention than lacunae—in particular the distinctive absence in the United States of effective constraints on employer discretion to lower employment, restructure work, withdraw employment security, or otherwise alter wage or benefit norms in ways generally unfavorable to labor.
The Netherlands: Old Emigrants—Young Immigrant Country
Authors: Ours Jan C Van , Veenman Justus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In the course of the twentieth century the Netherlands changed from an emigrant to an immigrant country. After the Second World War in terms of immigration there are three distinct periods. The first period is characterized by the decolonization of Indonesia, as a consequence of which Moluccans and Dutch-Indonesian people came to the Netherlands. The second period is that of manpower recruitment, during which mainly Turks and Moroccans arrived. In this period the independence of Surinam also caused a large immigration. The final period of immigration is mainly connected to family re-unification and to (political) refugees and asylum seekers.
Europeans in the Antipodes: New Zealand’s Mixed Migration Experience
Authors: Winkelmann Rainer 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The stagnation of real wages and rising unemployment rates for many types of workers since the late 1970s have led governments around the world to adopt policies to increase worker education. These policies were supported by arguments that emphasized the adverse role of an alleged relative decline in immigrants’ education levels in generating those outcomes and rising income inequality more generally. Governments in many countries responded by changing their immigration policies in order to improve the skill levels of immigrants. New Zealand is a prime example. As soon as the arguments about an increasing demand for ‘skilled’ workers began to emerge, this traditional immigration country swiftly changed the focus of its immigration policy away from a country-of-origin principle towards attracting more highly skilled migrants.
Legal Certainty and Protection of Legitimate Expectations
Authors: Tridimas Takis 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The principle of legal certainty expresses the fundamental premise that those subject to the law must know what the law is so as to be able to plan their actions accordingly. The affinity of the principle with the rule of law is evident. In Black Clawson Ltd v Papierwerke AG, Lord Diplock stated that ‘the acceptance of the rule of law as a constitutional principle requires that a citizen, before committing himself to any course of action, should be able to know in advance what are the legal consequences that will flow from it’. In some ways, legal certainty is even more important than equality. A group of persons which knows that it will be discriminated against by public authorities can plan its actions accordingly so as to alleviate the adverse effects of such discrimination. The principle acquires particular importance, inter alia, in economic law. Economic and commercial life is based on advance planning so that clear and precise legal provisions reduce transaction costs and promote efficient business. Legal certainty may thus be seen as contributing to the production of economically consistent results.
Political Accountability
Authors: Tomkins Adam 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In both the political and the legal contexts, it is with the accountability of the Crown’s government that we are primarily concerned. This is not to say that public law is not also concerned with questions of the account- ability of other constitutional actors. The accountability of Parliament, of the armed forces, of the police, and of the security and secret intelligence services, among others, are all weighty topics within public law, and our focus on governmental accountability is not meant to deny the importance of these issues. To concentrate on the accountability of the executive may be justified in three ways. First, the sheer centrality to public law of executive accountability makes it an essential component of any account of the subject.