bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐k dielectric materials derived from ZSM‐5 zeolite
Authors: Shi Jun Zuo , Sun Tu Lai , Zhou Fu Wei , Zhu Xiao Li , Li Lei , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLow‐k dielectric materials were prepared by sintering ZSM‐5 zeolite powder compacts at temperatures ranged 1200–1300°C, and the microwave dielectric characteristics were investigated together with the structure evolution during sintering. It was failed to obtain ZSM‐5 ceramics by high temperature sintering because the densification could never occur below the tolerable temperature and the ordered porous structure completely collapsed above the tolerable temperature. The structure changed from ZSM‐5 zeolite to SiO2‐Al2O3 glass at 1240°C, and finally to SiO2‐based cristobalite ceramics above 1275°C. A low dielectric constant (2.63‐2.78) combined with low dielectric loss (< 0.0005 at 18 GHz) and small temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (varied from ‐18.6 to ‐8.1 ppm/°C) was achieved in the present materials, and the value of dielectric loss was the lowest one achieved so far in the dielectric materials with a dielectric constant lower than 3. With the structure evolution from ZSM‐5 zeolite to SiO2‐Al2O3 glass and finally to SiO2‐based cristobalite ceramics, the dielectric constant increased from 2.27 to 2.78, while the Qf value indicated a complicated variation tendency, and the higher Qf values were achieved in the amorphous and crystalline states, while significant drop was determined in the partial amorphous state. It should be a great challenge to prepare dense zeolite ceramics without collapse of ordered porous structure, and then the ultra‐low dielectric constant materials with high Q could be expected.
Hacking gender in computer‐supported collaborative learning: The experience of being in mixed‐gender teams at a computer science hackathon
Authors: Kube Dana , Gombert Sebastian , Suter Brigitte , Weidlich Joshua , Kreijns Karel , Drachsler Hendrik 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundGender stereotypes about women and men are prevalent in computer science (CS). The study's goal was to investigate the role of gender bias in computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) in a CS context by elaborating on gendered experiences in the perception of individual and team performance in mixed‐gender teams in a hackathon.DatasetThe dataset of this study was collected at a 3‐day CSCL hackathon aimed at gaining knowledge on designing educational games. We assigned the 28 participants of the hackathon to mixed‐gender groups and asked them to fill out a questionnaire, including collective self‐esteem scales, before the start. During the hackathon, we again asked the participants to complete team progress evaluation surveys individually after each workday. Lastly, we interviewed 11 participants to elaborate on the quantitative findings with qualitative data.MethodologyWe applied an exploratory mixed‐method approach using quantitative survey data at several time points during the hackathon, which was analysed with clustering and descriptive statistics and complemented with qualitative coding of interviews with participants.ResultsThe results demonstrate that social and psychological aspects of gender are important for understanding the outcomes and perceptions of gender in a CS hackathon. The analysis further suggests that collective self‐esteem can be used as a key variable to assess gender differences in CSCL studies, providing explanatory benefits. More broadly, results gave reason to believe that CSCL in the CS domain currently severely fails to account for gender representation. Interviewed participants raised substantial concerns about the underlying gender stereotypes prevalent in communication, team roles, and work division. We provide recommendations for practitioners seeking to create gender‐inclusive and counter‐stereotypical CSCL and wider, critical proposals for how we, as researchers, can assess gender with appropriate methodologies and interventions in computer science education.
A theoretical model for host-controlled regulation of symbiont density
Authors: Whittle Mathilda , Bonsall Michael B. , Barreaux Antoine M. G. , Ponton Fleur , English Sinead 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is growing empirical evidence that animal hosts actively control the density of their mutualistic symbionts according to their requirements. Such active regulation can be facilitated by compartmentalization of symbionts within host tissues, which confers a high degree of control of the symbiosis to the host. Here, we build a general theoretical framework to predict the underlying ecological drivers and evolutionary consequences of host-controlled endosymbiont density regulation for a mutually obligate association between a host and a compartmentalized, vertically transmitted symbiont. Building on the assumption that the costs and benefits of hosting a symbiont population increase with symbiont density, we use state-dependent dynamic programming to determine an optimal strategy for the host, i.e., that which maximizes host fitness, when regulating the density of symbionts. Simulations of active host-controlled regulation governed by the optimal strategy predict that the density of the symbiont should converge to a constant level during host development, and following perturbation. However, a similar trend also emerges from alternative strategies of symbiont regulation. The strategy which maximizes host fitness also promotes symbiont fitness compared to alternative strategies, suggesting that active host-controlled regulation of symbiont density could be adaptive for the symbiont as well as the host. Adaptation of the framework allowed the dynamics of symbiont density to be predicted for other host-symbiont ecologies, such as for non-essential symbionts, demonstrating the versatility of this modelling approach.
Abstract
Mathematical modelling was used to investigate regulation of symbiont density by hosts.
Disclosing a Random Walk
Authors: KREMER ILAN , SCHREIBER AMNON , SKRZYPACZ ANDRZEJ 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACTWe examine a dynamic disclosure model in which the value of a firm follows a random walk. Every period, with some probability, the manager learns the firm's value and decides whether to disclose it. The manager maximizes the market perception of the firm's value, which is based on disclosed information. In equilibrium, the manager follows a threshold strategy with thresholds below current prices. He sometimes reveals pessimistic information that reduces the market perception of the firm's value. He does so to reduce future market uncertainty, which is valuable even under risk‐neutrality.
Comparison of Long‐term Follow‐Up of n‐HA PA66 Cage and PEEK Cage of Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Multi‐level Degenerative Lumbar Diseases: A Stepwise Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Li Qiujiang , Gao Qingyang , Wang Lei , Liu Limin , Yang Huiliang , Song Yueming 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivePrevious studies have confirmed that the nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide‐66 (n‐HA/PA66) cage is an ideal alternative material for degenerative lumbar disease (DLD) comparable to the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) cage due to its similar radiographic fusion, subsidence rate, and clinical results. However, these studies were restricted to one‐level surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze the long‐term clinical and radiologic outcomes between n‐HA PA66 cage and PEEK cage for patients with multi‐level degenerative lumbar diseases (DLDs).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent multi‐level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) from June 2010 to December 2016 with a minimum 6‐year follow‐up. Matched‐pair analysis was performed using a 1‐to‐1 closest neighbor approach to match patients who received an n‐HA PA66 cage with those who received a PEEK cage. Clinical outcomes and radiographic evaluations were compared between the two groups. The independent student's t‐test and χ2‐test were applied to compare the differences between groups.ResultsAt the end of the propensity score matching (PSM) analysis, 48 patients from n‐HA/PA66 group were matched to 48 patients in the PEEK group. No significant difference was observed in cage subsidence and bony fusion except for adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). The occurrence of ASD was 14.58% (7/48) in the n‐HA/PA 66 group, which was significantly less than that in the PEEK group (33.33% [16/48]) (p = 0.031). Although the intervertebral space height (IH), segmental angle (SA) and lumbar lordosis (LL) significantly increased after surgery in both groups, there was no significant difference at any time point after surgery (p > 0.05). The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores significantly improved in both groups at 3m postoperative, 1y postoperative and at final follow‐up. However, there were no significant differences in the VAS and ODI score at any time point (p > 0.05). The total complications and re‐admission rate were not different between the two groups.ConclusionOverall, our data suggest that the outcomes of n‐HA/PA66 cage group are comparable to those of the PEEK cage group, with a similar high fusion rate and low cage subsidence rate as PEEK cages, except its lower rate of ASD occurrence.
LAMP‐based detection of Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia polystroma and Monilinia fructicola in latently infected apple fruit
Authors: Poniatowska Anna , Michalecka Monika , Puławska Joanna 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrown rot in apples is caused by fungi belonging to the genus Monilinia and occurs annually in orchards with varying severity. The symptoms of the disease on apple fruits may occur during harvest and can also develop much later in storage. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it is very important to be able to test a sample of asymptomatic apples before putting them in storage or sending them to distant markets. Thus, there is a need to develop a quick and sensitive method of detecting disease causal agents in asymptomatically infected fruit. For this purpose, a procedure for DNA isolation from the skin of apples was developed, and a set of primers for the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction was designed based on a fragment of the hsp60 gene encoding heat shock protein 60 of Monilinia fungi that are pathogenic to apple: M. fructigena, M. fructicola and M. polystroma. The method was validated by reactions with DNA from infected apple fruit exhibiting brown rot symptoms and DNA from infected apple fruit without visible brown rot symptoms (latent infection). To increase the sensitivity of detection before the LAMP reaction, preamplification of the target DNA was carried out. The sensitivity of detection in the LAMP assay for the DNA of all three tested species of fungi was 2 pg. The DNA preamplification significantly increased the sensitivity of Monilinia DNA detection to 0.1 pg. This study shows that the developed LAMP method can be used to detect Monilinia fungi in asymptomatically infected apples.
Grapevine Pinot gris virus in Germany: From where did the virus come, and when?
Authors: Ben Mansour Karima , Gibbs Adrian J. , Meßmer Noemi , Fuchs René , Wetzel Thierry , Winterhagen Patrick 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGrapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV) isolates were obtained from German vineyards to investigate their diversity. Phylogenetic and dating analyses of these and GPGV genes and genomes available in GenBank showed that the virus probably diverged from grapevine berry inner necrosis virus (GINV) in wild and cultivated Vitis species, notably Vitis coignetiae, growing in North‐east Asia around 3500 years ago. GPGV probably infected the Eurasian grape (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) when those cultivars were first taken to China during the Han Dynasty (226 BCE–220 CE). GPGV then spread to Europe around 1800 CE, probably via the dissemination of infected plants, and from there, eventually spread worldwide. German isolates were only found in all parts of the post‐1800 CE phylogeny. The German isolates were genetically more diverse, for both MP and CP genes, than those of other European populations, suggesting that the initial stages of the GPGV invasion of Europe were in Germany, not Italy. We discuss the likely North‐east Asian origin of both GPGV and GINV, and the possible coincidences of phylogenetic date estimates with changes to European and world viticulture practices.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus sp. BSE01 alleviates salt toxicity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by conserving ionic, osmotic, redox and hormonal homeostasis
Authors: Basu Sahana , Kumari Surbhi , Subhadarshini Pritee , Rishu Aniket Kumar , Shekhar Shashi , Kumar Gautam 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoil salinity leading to sodium toxicity is developing into a massive challenge for agricultural productivity globally, inducing osmotic, ionic, and redox imbalances in plants. Considering the predicted increase in salinization risk with the ongoing climate change, applying plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an environmentally safe method for augmenting plant salinity tolerance. The present study examined the role of halotolerant Bacillus sp. BSE01 as a promising biostimulant for improving salt stress endurance in chickpea. Application of PGPR significantly increased the plant height, relative water content, and chlorophyll content of chickpea under both non‐stressed and salt stress conditions. The PGPR‐mediated tolerance towards salt stress was accomplished by the modulation of hormonal signaling and conservation of cellular ionic, osmotic, redox homeostasis. With salinity stress, the PGPR‐treated plants significantly increased the indole‐3‐acetic acid and gibberellic acid contents more than the non‐treated plants. Furthermore, the PGPR‐inoculated plants maintained lower 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid and abscisic acid contents under salt treatment. The PGPR‐inoculated chickpea plants also exhibited a decreased NADPH oxidase activity with reduced production of reactive oxygen species compared to the non‐inoculated plants. Additionally, PGPR treatment led to increased antioxidant enzyme activities in chickpea under saline conditions, facilitating the reactive nitrogen and oxygen species detoxification, thereby limiting the nitro‐oxidative damage. Following salinity stress, enhanced K+/Na+ ratio and proline content were noted in the PGPR‐inoculated chickpea plants. Therefore, Bacillus sp. BSE01, being an effective PGPR and salinity stress reducer, can further be considered to develop a bioinoculant for sustainable chickpea production under saline environments.
Nucleic acid amplification‐based methods for diagnosis of shrimp viral diseases
Authors: Lee Yoonhang , Vijayan Jasna , Roh HyeongJin , Park Jiyeon , Lee Ju‐Yeop , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Kim Hyoung Jun , Kim Wi‐Sik , Dhar Arun K. , Park Chan‐Il , Kim Do‐Hyung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractViral diseases are one of the constraints affecting the sustainability of the shrimp farming industry worldwide. The common causes of viral infections include white spot syndrome virus, infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus, hepatopancreatic parvovirus, Penaeus monodon nudivirus, decapod iridescent virus 1, Taura syndrome virus, yellow head virus, infectious myonecrosis virus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus. Accurate diagnostic methods are necessary for preventing the spread of these transboundary diseases. Many molecular diagnostic methods for shrimp viral diseases have been developed and are currently in use, including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification PCR, recombinase polymerase assay and real‐time PCR. Although the World Organization for Animal Health (founded as OIE) recommends several PCR methods for shrimp disease diagnosis, there has been a lack of efforts to comparatively evaluate the performance of the available methods, resulting in a significant knowledge gap. Therefore, in this review, we compare various PCR assays and commercial PCR‐based diagnostic kits that have been developed and/or published previously, and discuss pros and cons of each of these methods. Our objective of this review is to offer enhanced clarity and a comprehensive overview of molecular diagnostic methods for shrimp viral diseases. This endeavour would serve as an important resource for researchers engaged in relevant studies and professionals within the shrimp‐farming industry, providing valuable guidance and insights.
Special ones? The effect of head coaches on football team performance
Authors: Bryson Alex , Buraimo Babatunde , Farnell Alex , Simmons Rob 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUsing data from professional football leagues in four countries, we assess the effects on team performances following head coach turnover, distinguishing between voluntary and involuntary exits. We use entropy balancing to deal with the endogeneity of coach departures, by reweighting pre‐departure covariates to obtain a comparable control group. Results reveal little, if any, positive effect from either type of turnover, though some longer‐term benefits are possible if teams experience no subsequent turnover. We discuss how these findings fit with previous literature and theory, and discuss the wider practical implications.
We know a lot about little and little about a lot: A contextualized scoping review on injury prevention in alpine ski racing
Authors: Bonell Monsonís Oriol , Spörri Jörg , Warsen Marit , Bolling Caroline , Gouttebarge Vincent , Verhagen Evert 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur goal was to summarize and contextualize the available literature on alpine ski racing injury epidemiology, injury etiology, injury prevention measures, injury prevention context, and implementation issues.Materials and MethodsWe searched four electronic databases using predetermined search terms. We included original studies that assessed injury, injury risk factors, and injury mechanisms, and assessed and reported the effect of an injury prevention measure in alpine ski racing. Two authors independently conducted title–abstract screening, and one performed the full‐text review. For data synthesis and categorization, we used the Translating Research into the Injury Prevention Practice framework and a modified and adapted version of the Haddon matrix.ResultsOf the 157 included studies, most corresponded to injury epidemiology and etiology, whereas few studies encompassed injury prevention measure development, implementation and evaluation. Preventive interventions targeting equipment, rules and regulations, course design and snow preparation were the most prevalent in the literature. Furthermore, various contextual factors in the current literature have been found, including gender, competition level, countries and federations, and time periods within a season.ConclusionsWe provided an in‐depth and comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the alpine ski racing context. We know a lot about little and little about a lot across all the areas associated with injury prevention in such context. The limitations in the literature yield a road map for designing future injury prevention studies to address the key gaps identified. A more comprehensive context‐driven approach throughout all stages of injury prevention would benefit the ultimate implementation of effective preventive strategies.
Gender and institutions moderate the relationship between conditional cash transfers and political participation
Authors: Williams Neil S. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the last 25 years, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have become popular assistance policies across Latin America, Africa, and Asia for combating poverty and building human capital. Despite some success in reaching these goals, questions remain about the wider political effects of CCTs on individuals and communities, especially when considering gendered relationships and the institutions in the countries where CCTs are in place.ObjectiveI investigate the relationship between cash transfers and political participation, while also considering the importance of moderating forces such as gender, program enforcement, and compulsory voting.MethodsI use data from AmericasBarometer sourced from the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) and a series of multilevel models to examine the association between CCTs and a wide set of participatory indicators.ResultsI show CCTs to be robustly associated with higher levels of participation broadly conceived. Results also demonstrate gender and institutional features such as enforced conditions and compulsory voting can attenuate the positive effects of transfers, depending on the form of participation considered.ConclusionOverall, CCTs tend to be strongly associated with political participation. However, CCTs may also reinforce gendered norms of political participation and engagement. Furthermore, the potentially negative associations regarding the enforcement of program conditions are valuable to consider when evaluating the downstream, democratic potential of cash transfer programs.
Effect of soil management practice on soil phosphorus dynamics: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Ying , Hao Yun , Liu Zhuqing , Yang Fan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) is pivotal for crop health and growth. We collated a dataset spanning 65 studies from 19 countries to quantify the effects of both natural and anthropogenic factors on P dynamics (dataset provided). Our meta‐analysis encompassed five variables: the type of fertilizer (chemical or organic fertilizer), tillage practices (tillage or no‐till), land use (cultivated or forest), soil texture (either loam soil or sandy loam soil) and soil depth (surface or subsurface). The interplay between soil management strategies, especially those encompassing fertilizer application and tillage, and soil phosphorus dynamics is well established. Our quantitative data suggests the use of organic fertilizers relates to a significant 82% increase in soil Olsen‐P content. Additionally, while the no‐till method has resulted in only a slight 1.6% increase in Total‐P, it has brought about a remarkable 60% increase in organic phosphorus, especially NaHCO3‐Po, in contrast to conventionally tilled soils. Further, we found that the concentrations of Total‐P and Olsen‐P in surface loam soils is elevated, being 24.8% and 1023.6% higher, respectively, compared with subsurface loam soils. In sandy loam soils, these values are 35.3% and 872.2% higher, respectively. These meta‐analysis data highlight how soil management practices can cause variation in P species in soil. They not only underscore potential strategies for refined phosphorus use in diverse farming contexts but also pave the way for further research focusing on agricultural P management.