bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La planification dans un service public : le cas de la RATP
Authors: Bailly Jean-Paul 
Published: January 2024

Planning in a public service : the case of the autonomous enterprise of parisian transports (RATP)

While transporting about 5 million people per day in the Paris region, the RATP could until recently call only upon sectoral plans which were used exclusively in the areas where they were of particular need. The decision to plan ail of the functions of the enterprise resulted in the conception of a plan of enterprise which allows for the information of public authorities, users and even public opinion about its projects, and which puts it in a better position to control its development by spelling out coherently all its main targets. The plan of enterprise is not a legal instrument binding the public authorities and the RATP but it implies prior concertation with each other.
Hence the plan does not replace, nor is it substituted for other types of relations between public enterprise and public authorities, in particular those of a programme agreement type. It is nevertheless more than a simple informative instrument ; it is a real instrument for concertation both as regards public authorities and the RATP and within its own body, since all its ranks (directors, heads of service, division managers, medium level executives) decide on the contents of the plan. A link with national planning can easily be established, at least every fifth year when the national plan is negotiated.
Les entreprises publiques en Pologne
Authors: Krol Henryk 
Published: January 2024

Public companies in Poland
After setting out the main features of the Polish national economy, the author underlines the overall importance of the socialized sector into which integrate the public companies. Mr. Krol puts a great emphasis on economic calculation, management System of public enterprise, based on using profitably trade exchanges, financial exchanges and the contribution of labour with a view to obtaining an economical and efficient management. He comments then on the economic calculation process of enterprise and the internal financial accounts. After a highly rigorous analysis of the legal structures of company executives and the participation procedures of staff in management, the author explains the reforms adopted in Poland after 1973 in order to confer a greater efficiency to the management of public enterprise, and also evokes prospective solutions adopted for the period 1976-1980.
Les entreprises publiques au Maroc
Authors: Claisse Alain 
Published: January 2024

Public companies in Morocco
Moroccan public companies evidence the multiple contrasts of Moroccan society. Located peripherically in a very centralizing State, they make up a parapublic management structure which is meant to implement the promotion of the private sector within the framework of moroccanization of the economy. Invested with a national mission of development, they intend to call widely upon private capital from abroad, because of insufficient domestic private capital. The public companies rely on a large staff, machinery and important financial resources which are managed within a competitive System. They thus establish themselves as autonomous bodies which tend to dispense with the tutorship of the State, and follow their own policies. Their investment capacity and their managerial flexibility make them priority development factors but cause them also to assert an increasing autonomy in front of the State authority.
Les grandes tendances de l’évolution de l’administration publique dans les pays en voie de développement
Authors: Roson Henri 
Published: January 2024

The main tendancies of public administration evolution in the developing countries. Public administration in the developing countries must meet a double challenge which is an unstable international environment and a swift moving society.
Throughout the recent years, some improvements have been reached in the field of planning, financial institutions, and economic and social actions performed by the means of public enterprises.
Nevertheless, the increasing in State undertaking makes necessary deep changes. A new distribution of powers is essential between, on the one hand the central level, bound to forecasting, planning and inspection and, on the other hand, the various decision centers, close to the citizens. The main effort is still to be done in the field of civil servants training.
Le phénomène associatif
Authors: Holleaux André 
Published: January 2024

The associative phenomenon. The associative phenomenon, an ancient tradition in France, but which has considerably progressed over the past twenty years, is analyzed to its full scope, which is considerable since there are several hundred of thousands of registered associations in France. These associations deal with the greatest possible variety of objects, public or private, social, cultural or political ; they fulfil three main functions viz. selection, structuring, and expression of needs, circulation of information, and finally promotion of some particularly motivated citizens by which they implement a genuine democratic approach.
Having thus delineated the complex of issues, the author analyses in detail the interrelations that exist between these multiple associations and administrations which evermore tend to mix and overlap in terms of goals and attitudes.
Réforme et efficacité de l’action administrative
Authors: Moberg Sven 
Published: January 2024

Reformas y eficiencia de la acción administrativa
La concurrencia por los raros recursos económicos se ha avivado entre los sectores públicos y privados de la economía en la mayoría de los países europeos. Eso impone una reforma de la administración central. Por otro lado, la dependencia de los ciudadanos de la administración implica una mejora en los contactos y en la información.
Nuevos métodos habrá que desarrollar en el campo de la política del personal y habrá que introducir formulas de participación sin poner en duda el papel que desempeña el hombre político en el proceso de decisión. Las reformas administrativas debrán constituir un proceso continuo mas bien que esfuerzos en cuando hace falta.
La Réforme de la décentralisation en Belgique
Authors: Delmartino Frank 
Published: January 2024

The reform of decentralization in Belgium
Recent developments of the Belgian territorial administration reflect the constitutional problems that have arisen in Belgium since the 1970 reform which reorganized the State by setting up three autonomous regions according to the cultural duality of the country, viz Flanders, Wallonia, and the bilingual region of Brussels.
The regionalization of the State is followed up by another reform movement which aims at strengthening the local administrative level of municipalities : the association and federation of communes. There are hence at present five administrative levels : State, region, province, association-federation of communes, commune.
This reform, which is still provisional, allows for a complex administrative organization, at times rather incoherent, comprising too many levels of decision-making with often rather vague or ill-defined terms of reference. This has brought about a trend towards simplification of institutions leading some critics to advocate an increase in powers, according to relevant matters, either at the central (State or region) or at the local level. Without contesting the good reasons for such a criticism, the author is neverthe-less reluctant to endorse such a position which would imply that the existence of the intermediary administrative level (the traditional provinces) would be open to question, whereas he feels that it has a role to play in that this is the adequate level to handle a number of managerial tasks.
Planification et réforme administrative en France
Authors: Ménier Jacques 
Published: January 2024

Planning and administrative reform in France
Planning, just like administrative reform, is a rationalization exercice, a purposeful action. Hence administrative reform and planning have things in common although no relationship has so far been established between them. Planning in France has resulted from considerations that have nothing to do with administrative reform. Its targets and its responsible bodies are therefore rather specific, yet its scope of action overlaps in many instances with that of administrative reform. Since planning is implemented through administrative channels, it acts upon this machinery and therefore contributes to its reform. Planning has to rely on a well-adjusted administrative machinery to become effective. Planning intervenes to transform administration on various levels : it contributes to reorganization, coordination, and adjustment of administration to its environment. By introducing various and important changes into administration, planning could have played a vital part in administrative reform. That this did not happen is mainly due to the fact that planning itself, despite its initial basic intent, remained quite limited in scope and unable to develop ail its potentialities.
Pour une politique administrative
Authors: Ménier Jacques 
Published: January 2024

For an administrative policy. Everywhere Administration is facing a crisis, a fact which may be explained by the fast evolution of societies and the increasing number of demands put on the State. The Administration also evolves but not always coherently and more often than not fails to adjust to the new needs or to maintain its stability.
The control and the organization of this evolution, ie. by meeting in time social requirements while ensuring the necessary continuity, have so far been looked after by administrative reforms. What about other channels ? For instance calling upon and improving the tools now available in terms of forecasting, planning and programming with a view to implementing what could be called an "administrative policy" so as to constantly reconcile the administrative change with social change.
L’administration rurale
Authors: Monfraix Jean , Seiller Jean-François 
Published: January 2024

Rural administration

The authors analyse the place and rôle of administration in rural areas. They survey administration of rural space, administration and agriculture, administration and rural development.
Even though the specificity of administration for rural people seems rather more difïicult to circumscribe, it is nevertheless a stifï reality. The final finding is that administrative action is looked for and expected in rural areas.
Mécanismes administratifs et juridiques au service du développement rural intégré : situation actuelle et possibilités d’avenir, en Inde, en Malaisie et aux Philippines
Authors: Payad Aurora T. 
Published: January 2024

Administrative and legal arrangements for integrated rural development : present status and future prospects

The author analyses the arrangements for integrated development in three countries with different political Systems : Malaysia for the French System, India for the British system and the Philippines, whose type of government represents a spécial case.
After defining “integrated rural development” as “a séries of measures meant to translate over the longer term permanently changes into reality in respect of rural areas”, the author spells out the necessary legal and administrative arrangements. The concrete analysis of each case seems to show that a country’s political System has little bearing on the efficiency of IRD programmes. The best IRD approach would hence be, according to the author, “an alternative solution to individual endeavours aiming at concentrating simply on food production as an end in itself”.
Observations sur les structures des universités
Authors: Boulouis Jean 
Published: January 2024

Algunas observaciones sobre la estructura universitaria.
Depués de evocar las estructuras universitarias preexistentes a la Ley del 12 de noviembre de 1968, llamada ley de orientación de la educación superior, el autor hace algunas observaciones sobre la estructura actual.
Comprueba que a pesar del intento inicial del legislador, la rigidez anterior no ha sido substituida por la flexibilidad, ni el ajuste permanente. Paradójicamente, parece más fuerte que anteriormente, visto que por una parte sólo la universidad podrá cambiarla y que, más dependiente de las UER que al revés, se queda con lo anterior. En lo que toca a los órganos, parece que las concepciones logradas corresponden de muy lejos a las previstas por el legislador. En conclusión, consta que no se puede «orientar» a la educación superior como se «orienta» a la agricultura o al urbanismo. La universidad se orienta por su lado y lo que importa de saber es en qué medida y en qué condiciones se lo permitirá.
L’Administration d’une université britannique
Authors: Ridley Frederick F. 
Published: January 2024

Organización administrativa de una universidad inglesa.
Basándose en la descripción de la organisación administrativa y del funcionamiento de la universidad de Liverpool, el autor saca las características más destacadas de la estructura administrativa de las universidades británicas. Se apoya ante todo sobre convenios y menos sobre normas escritas, sobre todo en lo que toca la distribución del poder ; el personal de enseñanza constituye el eje de la administración central universitaria. La toma de decisión resulta más bien de concesiones mútuas y de adaptaciones sucesivas que de un planeamiento de conjunto. En fin, el sistema universitario garantiza la libertad de enseñanza y de la investigación, lo que arriesga de crear problemas de adaptación en periodo de crisis financiera.
Organisation et gestion de la recherche industrielle
Authors: Vieillard-Baron Bertrand 
Published: January 2024

Organization and management of industrial research.
General remarks on industrial research targets aiming at innovation, in respect of which Western countries have fallen behind Japan, the author shows how these issues are dealt with in the framework of an industrial multiple concem, such as Creusot-Loire.
This paper seems to indicate that industrial research is experiencing a wind of change. Downstream piloting and strategies based exclusively on the concepts of management and marketing have proved insufficient. A novel trend is taking shape which seeks no longer to develop only advanced technological products but also to spearhead traditional areas.
I. Le contrôle fiscal dans les états en développement : l’exemple de la Haute-Volta
Authors: Stein Olivier 
Published: January 2024

Técnicas tributarias y desarrollo económico. Este tema se trata a través de la experiencia tributaria en Alta Volta.
Presentando las razones justificando la verificación tributaria y relatando en particular la multiplicación de las empresas africanas fuera del circuito tributario normal, lo que hace que no pueden sustituirse a las empresas europeas para contribuir a las rentas públicas, expone el autor varias medidas tendiente a imponer contribuciones a mayores partes de la población, para indicar que no basta a crear nuevos impuestos o controlar sistemáticamente franquicias alegadas si se deja fuera del «circuito tributario normal» entes productoras — oficiales o no — que se sustrayen a toda imposición.
Le régime juridique et fiscal des mesures d’encouragement aux investissements dans les pays en voie de développement : les codes des investissements
Authors: Corfmat François 
Published: January 2024

El régimen jurídico y tributario de las medidas promotoras de inversiones en los países en vías de desarrollo.
Relatando las principales medidas promotoras tributarias en materia de inversiones, tales como resultan de los códigos inversionistas de los países de Africa de habla francesa, cuestiona el autor de la eficiencia económica de las ventajas concedidas u obtenidas. Comprobando que en ciertos casos las ventajas de éste índole arriesgan de producir efectos negativos al plano económico, trata el autor de determinar cuales habrían de ser las condiciones idóneas para que sirvan de estimulo tributario para inversiones y nota tres imperativos :
— la necesidad de bien escoger los sectores económicos a privilegio
— la necesidad de bien escoger proyectos viables
— la necesidad de una valoración del coste de las exenciones para el Estado.
Nationalisations : les conditions du succès
Authors: Boublil Alain 
Published: January 2024

Nacionalizaciones — condiciones para su éxito.
Salir de las incertidumbres internacionales del fin de siglo, condicionar la política económica para soltar Francia de la crísis, instrumentar un traslado en las relaciones de producción, todo eso se espera de las nacionalizaciones. ¿Pero cualas son las condiciones para su éxito, ya que se necesitará algún tiempo para juzgar lo obtenido, pués sería poco serio trastornar de repente las empresas visadas sin otro motivo ?
Constan cuatro mayores : la selección de los hombres, la determinante evolución de las estructuras industriales y bancarias, el papel desempeñado por el Estado-accionista y, en fin, la relación : administración — empresas públicas.
Les entreprises publiques industrielles en Autriche
Authors: Grünwald Oskar , Meissl Renate 
Published: January 2024

The austrian State industry — a substantial part of the public sector.
On the basis of an outline of the public sector, the specific role and evolution of the ÖIAG concern (Oesterreichische Industrieverwaltungs AG) is underlined. The concern controls eight large State industry corporations with a number of affiliates. It is a holding company which in its present shape dates back to a 1970 Statute. Over the past ten years or so it has undertaken to develop and coordinate an overall policy for the whole of State industry and has thus been able to establish its altogether 35-years old sway as a steady and efficient form of management. The concern has developed its own style of management displayed as compulsory which does not admit of centralists or State intervention in operational matters.
The success scored so far will not spare State industry the enormous difficulties to be expected during the forthcoming years. Already for 1981, the consolidated results will be largely mortgaged by expected heavy losses in the steel industry and poor results of the alu-manufacturers.
L’efficacité des entreprises publiques en Inde
Authors: Bras Jean-Philippe 
Published: January 2024

The performance of public corporations in India.
To assess performance, reliable and fixed criteria are needed. This prerequisite is not easily met in India, where the relations between the State and public corporations are not well-defined, the latter being subjected to unorthodox and often contradictory pressures and interventions.
Despite this handicap, Indian public enterprise has largely contributed to national development, often at a pace unparalleled by the private sector. To improve performance, besides getting a clearer definition of the State-public enterprise relations, a manpower adjustment policy will have to be evolved and implemented by public corporations. Historically, their style has been alien to managerial concepts; therefore, the training of officers and executive staff constitutes a priority task. not well-defined, the latter being subjected to unorthodox and often contradictory pressures and interventions.
Despite this handicap, Indian public enterprise has largely contributed to national development, often at a pace unparalleled by the private sector. To improve perfor¬ mance, besides getting a clearer définition of the State-public enterprise relations, a manpower adjustment policy will hâve to be evolved and implemented by public cor¬ porations. Historically, their style has been alien to managerial concepts ; therefore, the training of officers and executive staff constitutes a priority task.
L’administration et le marché du travail : les expériences allemande, britannique et française
Authors: Baudrillart Wenceslas 
Published: January 2024

Administration and the labour market : the german, british and french case.
The unease resulting from the growing number of jobless is prompting a number of reactions similar in nature ; the key concepts are applied with variable weighting in the three countries under study. The author discusses in the following the “global approaches” (allocation, job supply, training) and the “selective approaches” (trouble shooting, regional policies, ...).
Whatever the policies adopted, they appear extremely costly and in many respects to reach the limits of efficiency. All doubts arising therefrom culminate in an ultimate query : what is the actual point of no return of the labour situation in our present society ? For it is no longer indicated to talk about possible thresholds, beyond which a given percentage of jobless would become intolerable.
Le problème de la réforme municipale au Venezuela
Authors: Moderne Franck 
Published: January 2024

El problema de la reforma municipal al Venezuela.
Es difícil hoy día de predecir el porvenir de la institución municipal en el Venezuela. La ley de 1.978 que el autor analiza en éste árticulo ha sido contestada, apenas adoptada, y queda sin aplicación en muchos aspectos. La estructura administrativa aún no está adaptada a las múltiples tareas que deben atender las comunas. La formación del personal, la modernización de los mayores servicios públicos, el planeamiento local, la mejora del sistema fiscal, una mayor atención a los problemas del urbanismo constituye un amplio programa que necesita muchos esfuerzos y paciencia. El hecho es que el Venezuela, como se sabe, dispone de los recursos necesarios para realizar esta difícil tarea de decentralización.
Le modèle occidental d’administration
Authors: Timsit Gérard , Delmas-Marty Mireille 
Published: January 2024

The western model of administration.
The author delineates a model of western administration through the concept of relative integration (regarding the European countries and the United States) by analyzing the modalities thereof by different countries. Relative integration designates a certain type of relations between the factors composing the model under a double aspect : political and administrative agencies on one part and administrative and economie agencies on the other. The relations of subordination/separation, while bringing about subordination of agencies, and the cohesion and unity of the System, prevent by maintaining the separation of agencies a total subordination of administrative agencies to political bodies, as well as of administrative agencies among themselves. In this sense, relative integration shows a clear distinction with absolute integration (cf. socialist countries) and with disintegration (cf. developing countries). From the general characteristics of the western model of administration, two variants may be distinguished :
— restricted relative integration designating a strongly centralized and hierarchicized type of administration, as exemplifled by the case of France ;
— generalized relative integration linking up with administrations characterized on the contrary by decentralization, dispersion, and a pronounced autonomy of their administrative structures.
La politique de l’État à l’égard des personnels des communes (1884-1939)
Authors: Thoenig Jean-Claude 
Published: January 2024

State policy with regard to the commons (1884-1933).
Why do French local govemmental bodies depend so strongly on the State ? State intervention is it a historie or cultural fatality, the result of Parisian tyrants or perverted bureaucrats ? In fact, the first falling back upon the State goes back to the beginnings of the 20th century as a resuit of workers’ unions within the framework of the defence of the interests of local govemmental employees : local representative, local govemmental employees and the govemment came to a deal during the first part of this century. Two periods may be distinguished : a first larger controlling policy of the State with respect to mayors up to the years 1934/35 and thereafter up to the end of the Third Republic, when increasing centralization is being felt, the State tightening its grip, directive policy turning constrictive.