bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lens Finder Map to Check Claimed High-z Galaxies behind SMACS J0723.3-7327
Authors: Chow Alex , Li Sung Kei , Lim Jeremy , Broadhurst Tom , Li Man Cheung Alex , Nianias James , Summers Jake , Windhorst Rogier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The first science image released by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) reveals numerous galaxies in the distant background of the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3-7327. Some have claimed redshifts of up to z ≃ 20, challenging standard cosmological models for structure formation. Here, we present a lens model for SMACS J0723.3-7327 anchored on five spectroscopically confirmed systems at 1.38 ≤ z ≤ 2.21 that are multiply lensed, along with 12 other systems with proposed image counterparts sharing common colors, spectral energy distributions, and morphological features, but having unknown redshifts. Constrained only by their image positions, and where available, redshifts, our lens model correctly reproduces the positions and correctly predicts the morphologies and relative brightnesses of all these image counterparts, as well as providing geometrically determined redshifts spanning 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 6.7 for the 12 candidate multiply lensed galaxies lacking spectroscopic measurements. From this lens model, we create a lens finder map that defines regions over which galaxies beyond a certain redshift are predicted to be multiply lensed. Applying this map to three galaxies claimed to be at 10 ≲ z ≲ 20, we find no image counterparts at locations (with an uncertainty of ∼0.″5) where they ought to be sufficiently magnified to be detectable—suggesting instead that these galaxies lie at z ≲ 1.7–3.2. In lieu of spectroscopy, the creation of reliable lens finder maps for cluster fields is urgently needed to test and constrain redshifts inferred from photometry for a rapidly increasing number of candidate high-z galaxies found with JWST.
Direct T
e-based Metallicities of z = 2–9 Galaxies with JWST/NIRSpec: Empirical Metallicity Calibrations Applicable from Reionization to Cosmic Noon
Authors: Sanders Ryan L. , Shapley Alice E. , Topping Michael W. , Reddy Naveen A. , Brammer Gabriel B. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report detections of the [O iii]λ4364 auroral emission line for 16 galaxies at z = 2.1–8.7, measured from JWST/NIRSpec observations obtained as part of the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science (CEERS) survey program. We combine this CEERS sample with 9 objects from the literature at z = 4−9 with auroral-line detections from JWST/NIRSpec and 21 galaxies at z = 1.4−3.7 with auroral-line detections from ground-based spectroscopy. We derive electron temperature (T
e) and direct-method oxygen abundances for the combined sample of 46 star-forming galaxies at z = 1.4−8.7. We use these measurements to construct the first high-redshift empirical T
e-based metallicity calibrations for the strong-line ratios [O iii]/Hβ, [O ii]/Hβ, R23 = ([O iii]+[O ii])/Hβ, [O iii]/[O ii], and [Ne iii]/[O ii]. These new calibrations are valid over 12+log(O/H) = 7.4−8.3 and can be applied to samples of star-forming galaxies at z = 2−9, leading to an improvement in the accuracy of metallicity determinations at Cosmic Noon and in the Epoch of Reionization. The high-redshift strong-line relations are offset from calibrations based on typical z ∼ 0 galaxies or H ii regions, reflecting the known evolution of ionization conditions between z ∼ 0 and z ∼ 2. Deep spectroscopic programs with JWST/NIRSpec promise to improve statistics at the low and high ends of the metallicity range covered by the current sample, as well as to improve the detection rate of [N ii]λ6585 and thus allow the future assessment of N-based indicators. These new high-redshift calibrations will enable accurate characterizations of metallicity scaling relations at high redshift, improving our understanding of feedback and baryon cycling in the early Universe.
Flares from Space Debris in LSST Images
Authors: Loeb Abraham 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Owing to the exceptional sensitivity of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, we predict that its upcoming LSST images will be contaminated by numerous flares from centimeter-scale space debris in Low Earth Orbits (LEO). Millisecond-duration flares from these LEO objects are expected to produce detectable image streaks of a few arcseconds with AB magnitudes brighter than 14.
Characterization of High-priority Landing Sites for Robotic Exploration Missions in the Apollo Basin, Moon
Authors: Orgel Csilla , Torres Ines , Besse Sebastien , van der Bogert Carolyn H. , Bahia Rickbir , Prissang René , Ivanov Mikhail A. , Hiesinger Harald , Michael Gregory , Pasckert Jan Hendrik , El Yazidi Mayssa , Bradak Balazs , Walter Sebastian H. G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The South Pole–Aitken (SPA) basin is the oldest and largest visible impact structure on the Moon, making it a high priority science site for exploration missions. The 492 km diameter Apollo peak-ring basin is one of the youngest and largest basins within the SPA basin. We selected three regions of interest (ROIs) in the Apollo basin for which the landing and operational hazards are minimized and evaluated their science and in situ resource utilization (ISRU) potential. We examined topography, slope, crater density, rock abundance, geologic mapping, mineralogy, and inferred subsurface stratigraphy within each ROI. The results show that the terrain is safe for landing without precision landing (within a few hundred meters). The mare materials have high ISRU potential with relatively high FeO (∼16–20 wt%) and TiO2 (∼3–10 wt%) contents. Two robotic exploration mission architectures were examined for their scientific potential: (1) lander and rover with a dedicated payload suite and (2) the same architecture with sample return capability. In situ observations can address six of seven National Research Council concepts (1–3, 5–7) and Campaigns 1 and 5 of the European Space Agency’s Strategy for Science at the Moon.
An anterior segment optical coherence tomography study of lower lacrimal punctal stenosis
Authors: Salaheldin Mayar M. , Nada Ossama , Elshinawy Reham F. , Elwan Sheriff 
Published: February 2024

Aims
To assess the lower lacrimal punctal measurements in patients with punctal stenosis versus normal participants using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Patients and methods
The study included 39 puncti of 21 healthy asymptomatic volunteers attending the general and oculoplastic outpatient clinics (group I: control group) and 30 puncti of 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of punctal stenosis defined as the punctal diameter less than 0.3 mm measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy (group II: cases group). The punctal diameter is measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy in all participants. The external punctal diameter, the inner punctal diameter at three depths (100, 200, and 500 μm), the punctal depth and tear meniscus height were measured using AS-OCT.

Results
The internal punctal diameter at 100 μm (239.51±91.14 vs. 168.77±118.07 µm), 200 μm (156.67±75.20 vs. 71.63±76.41 µm), and 500 μm (74.92±60.99 vs. 24.07±34.30 µm) showed statistically significant lower measurements in the cases group compared with the control group. No statistically significant differences were found comparing both groups regarding external punctal diameter otherwise. In the cases group, the punctal diameter measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy had highly significant statistical evidence of positive correlation with the internal punctal diameter at 200 μm.

Conclusion
AS-OCT provides a superior ability to assess the patency of the proximal lacrimal drainage system over the routine slit-lamp examination, especially when the internal punctal diameter is measured at a depth of 200 µm. Further research is required to build consensus on standard terminologies, define the standard measurements, and acquire more extensive normative databases. This would mostly be useful in diagnosis of cases of epiphora with externally nonstenosed puncti and distally patent passages.
Ahmed glaucoma valve augmented with mitomycin C and amniotic membrane as a first intervention in advanced primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Ali Haytham M. , Wagdy Fareed , Tharwat Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

Aim
The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of implantation of an Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) augmented with the use of mitomycin-C (MMC) and preserved amniotic membrane (AM), as a first line of intervention in cases of advanced primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

Patients and methods
Prospective clinical and interventional trial was done on 30 eyes of 24 patients, aged between 6 months and 3 years, with advanced PCG at presentation. AGV (model FP8) implantation augmented with use of MMC and two layers of cryopreserved human AM as a primary intervention.

Results
At all-time intervals (at day 1, 1, 3, and 12 months following surgery), the postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) were significantly lower than the preoperative IOPs (16.83±2.78 mmHg at month 12 compared with a preoperative IOP of 38.29±4.23 mmHg). At all times, the postoperative corneal diameter was not noticeably smaller than the preoperative values (13.79±0.57 mm at month 12 compared with preoperative value of 13.93±0.58 mm).

Conclusion
AGV augmented with the use of MMC and AM can be considered as a secure and reliable approach for management of cases of advanced PCG, without additional risks compared with other techniques.
The use of anti-glaucoma medications following pediatric glaucoma surgery: a report on efficacy and trends in Cairo University
Authors: Salem Fatma , Gawdat Ghada , El Sayed Yasmine , Esmael Amanne 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To identify the pattern(s) in using antiglaucoma medications following glaucoma surgery in children and compare their efficacies.

Methods
Retrospective chart review of patients (≤12 years) receiving glaucoma surgery from January 2013 to December 2020. Partially responsive patients needing antiglaucoma medications to attain an Intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least 18 mmHg were divided into three groups: (A) received beta-blocker (β-Blockers); (B) received Prostaglandin analogues and (C) received fixed β-Blocker+ Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) preparation. Data included demographics, clinical characteristics, IOP (before, after 1 month, and at last follow-up), and surgeries. Successful treatment attained IOP less than or equal to 18 mmHg on last follow-up. Side effects were recorded.

Results
Totally 200 eyes of 152 patients were included, (61%) presented within the first month of life, 54% were males, 31.6% had bilateral disease and (82.2%) had primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Pre-treatment IOP was significantly higher in group C (P=0.009). The most common procedure performed was trabeculotomy (P=0.014). After a mean follow-up period of 20.12 months, all three groups showed a significant reduction in the IOP (P≤0.001), with the highest percent reduction attained in group C (43.7% vs. 33.4% and 33.1% in groups A and B, respectively) P=0.001. Final success rates were 41.2%, 83.3%, and 82.2% for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Dry eye was the most common side effect (32 eyes) mainly occurring in group A (21.6%).

Conclusions
The most frequently used antiglaucoma medications following partially successful surgery are CAI+β-Blocker combinations. They seem to have the most potent effect and are usually used as a first line the higher the initial IOP is.
Effect of intracameral injection of ceftazidime on corneal endothelium by specular microscope after uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Authors: Khodair Aya A.I. , Ghoraba Mouhamed Elsaadany , Elseht Rabab M. , Tadros Dina 
Published: February 2024

Background
Loss of endothelial cells is inevitable after cataract surgery. Therefore, it is critical to protect the corneal endothelium during cataract surgery to reach good visual outcomes afterward. Maintenance of corneal clarity depends on the good function of healthy endothelial cells in addition to an intact pumping system intended to remove fluid from the corneal stoma.

Purpose
Our study aimed to assess changes in the corneal endothelium using specular microscopy, after intracameral injection of ceftazidime in uncomplicated phacoemulsification and compared with a placebo. The changes were measured preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively.

Patients and methods
Our prospective cohort study comprised 40 eyes from 35 patients diagnosed with cataract, all of whom underwent uncomplicated phacoemulsification for cataract extraction.

Results
Endothelial cell density significantly decreased postoperatively compared with preoperative values in both groups. Central thickness of the cornea, coefficient of variation, and visual acuity significantly increased postoperatively compared to preoperative values in both groups. Endothelial cell density showed a significant decrease postoperatively with a P value equal to 0.01 for group A (placebo group) and 0.02 for group B (ceftazidime group). Central thickness of the cornea, coefficient of variation, and visual acuity showed significant increases postoperatively with a P value equal to 0.026, 0.005, and 0.001 for group A and 0.001, 0.034, and 0.001 for group B, respectively.

Conclusion
Ceftazidime can be considered safe for corneal endothelium when used intracamerally during phacoemulsification cataract surgery for prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis.
Study on the Prognosis Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment in Patients with Diabetic Neuropathy – A Nationwide, Population-based Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ting-Shuo , Li Peng-Fei , Huang Chia-Luen , Ho Li-Ju , Kuo Feng-Chih , Su Sheng-Chiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the common chronic complications, leading to limb disability and increased risks of hospitalization and mortality. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been commonly applied in Taiwan as an adjunctive treatment to ameliorate diabetes-associated chronic complications, including neuropathy.

Aim:
We aimed to investigate whether the clinical treatment of DN combined with TCM can reduce the associated hospitalization and mortality using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.

Methods:
We selected 1,152 patients with DN who received TCM treatment as the study cohort group, and 4,940 patients with DN who did not receive TCM treatment from Taiwan NHIRD were further matched 1:1 for sex, age, and index year as the comparison cohort group. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to compare hospitalization and mortality during a mean follow-up period of 15 years.

Results:
A total of 687/225 enrolled patients (29.82%/9.77%) had hospitalization/mortality, including 298/97 in the TCM group (25.87%/8.42%) and 389/128 in the comparison group (33.77%/11.11%). Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed a lower rate of hospitalization and mortality for patients in the TCM group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of 0.434, 95 confidence interval [CI] =0.172–0.798, P < 0.001; adjusted HR of 0.689, 95 CI = 0.372–0.981, P = 0.039). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of hospitalization and mortality in the study and comparison cohort groups was significantly different (log-rank P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the application of TCM might be beneficial for patients with DN to lower the risks of hospitalization and mortality; however, further prospective cohort studies are still required to confirm our observations.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Zika Virus Infections Imported into Taiwan between 2016 and 2021
Authors: Hsieh Chi-Jeng , Wu Wen-Tung , Lin Ming-Hsun , Lin Hung-Che , Sung Yueh-Feng , Yu Chia-Peng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus that has resurfaced. It has been confirmed to cause microcephaly and Guillain–Barré syndrome. The number of Zika virus infections in South America has increased considerably since 2015.

Aim:
This study confirmed the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of Zika virus infections imported into Taiwan.

Methods:
Patients with travel history to areas at risk of Zika virus infections and had their blood, urine, or saliva samples tested positive for Zika virus through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction by the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control were included in this study.

Results:
Taiwan reported its first case of Zika virus infection in January 2016, and it has reported 26 cases as of December 2021. Most of the patients were men (76.9%, 20/26), aged 20–59 years (73.1%, 19/26), and lived in Northern Taiwan (73.1%, 19/26). Most of the cases were reported in summer and autumn (76.9%, 20/26). The 26 patients included one 4-year-old girl and three teenage boys aged 15–19 years; 22 patients were from Southeast Asia, three patients were from the Americas, and one patient was from Africa.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to report on the epidemiological characteristics of Zika virus infections imported into Taiwan between 2016 and 2021. These findings can aid policymakers and clinical experts in developing prevention and control measures targeting Zika virus infections, which cause severe illness and imposes a considerable burden on the population.
What is the Current Picture of Secondhand Smoke Exposure among Never-smoker Adolescents in Indonesia?
Authors: Warouw Tati Suryati , Indriasih Endang , Raharni Raharni , Tarigan Ingan Ukur , Siahaan Selma , Faisal Debri Rizki , Kusnali Asep , Suratri Made Ayu Lely , Yulianti Anni , Sholikhah Hidayad Heny , Putro Gurendro , Rachmawati Tety , Rachmat Basuki , Nurlinawati Iin , Susianti Novia 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:Although Indonesia is not a signatory to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, 84% of local governments have adopted Smoke-Free Areas (SFAs) as a national policy. This study examines exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in adolescents who have never smoked after 8 years of SFA implementation.Methods:We used data from the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a cross-sectional research design to find 6121 students from 148 schools in 30 provinces in Indonesia who met the research inclusion criteria. To identify risk factors regarding SHS exposure, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.Results:Although the local government had adopted an SFA policy, 61.1% of adolescents aged 11–17 years, especially middle and high school students, have relatively high exposure to SHS. School environments had the highest prevalence of SHS exposure (50.5%), followed by public places (49.9%) and at home (46.2%). A significant risk factor for exposure to SHS in the school environment is observed in teachers smoking inside school buildings (odds ratio [OR] =4.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.81–4.89); exposure to SHS at home and in public place (OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 2.93–3.70), and exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship on offline and online media (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.70–2.52).Conclusion:SFA policies must be evaluated and strengthened before they can be implemented to reduce smoking-related illnesses and economic losses. In addition, it is important to educate families and society about implementing SFA in school environments, public places, and at home.
The Association between Mobile Game Addiction and Mental Health Problems and Learning Outcomes among Thai Youths Classified by Gender and Education Levels
Authors: Phetphum Chakkraphan , Keeratisiroj Orawan , Prajongjeep Atchara 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Youth are increasingly playing mobile games, which are distinct from traditional games, but there is limited research investigating the causal relationship between mobile game addiction and mental health problems in Thailand. This study investigated the association between mobile game addiction and depression, loneliness, and social anxiety as well as academic performance.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 3427 students in Thailand from May to September 2022, using a 5-part self-report questionnaire. A multistage random sampling was performed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The prevalence of mobile game addiction among Thai youth was 22.2% (95% confidence interval = 20.9–23.7), which was higher among females (25.6%) than males (17.9%) with P < 0.001 and higher among high school students (25.6%) than vocational (20.6%) and undergraduate students (20.0%) with P = 0.001. According to the SEM analysis, mobile game addiction was significantly associated with depression (β = 0.36, P < 0.001), loneliness (β = 0.31, P < 0.001), social anxiety (β = 0.28, P < 0.001), and grade point average mediated by social anxiety (β = 0.10, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The model depicting the causal relationship between mobile game addiction, depression, loneliness, social anxiety, and academic performance is consistent with empirical data. The identification of a substantial group of addicted mobile gamers and the addiction effects on mental health issues supports efforts by all stakeholders to prevent youth from becoming game addicted as well as treat addicted gamers.
Delta-shocks as limits of vanishing viscosity for a nonhomogeneous hyperbolic system
Authors: Li Shiwei 
Published: February 2024

The Riemann problem for a

2\times 2

hyperbolic system of conservation laws with time-dependent damping is discussed. Making use of the variable substitution method, we construct six kinds of Riemann solutions including rarefaction wave, contact discontinuity, shock wave as well as delta-shock. Under suitable generalized Rankine–Hugoniot relation and entropy condition, both existence and uniqueness of delta-shock solution are established. Because of the appearing of the damping, the Riemann solutions are no longer self-similar. All wave curves are monotonic and have convexity-concavity. Moreover, by employing the vanishing viscosity method, we introduce a time-dependent viscous system to prove the stability of the solutions containing the delta-shocks.
On the completed hull of non-degenerate inner product spaces
Authors: Hofmann Timo 
Published: February 2024

Motivated by applications to general QFT, the completed hulls of non-degenerate inner product spaces

E, (\,{\cdot}\,,{\cdot}\,)

are considered. In order to decide whether or not

\smash{\tilde{E}}

endowed with the continuously extended inner product

(\,{\cdot}\,,{\cdot}\,)^{\sim}

is non-degenerate, the concept of c-linked l.c. topologies

\tau

is introduced, and it is shown that

\tilde{E}, (\,{\cdot}\,,{\cdot}\,)^{\sim}

is non-degenerate if and only if

\tau

is c-linked to some minimal majorant. Further, the concepts of quasi-decomposable inner product spaces and quasi-decomposition norms are introduced, and it is shown that

\tilde{E}, (\,{\cdot}\,,{\cdot}\,)^{\sim}

is a Krein space.
On the radius of analyticity for a Korteweg–de Vries–Kawahara equation with a weak damping term
Authors: Boukarou Aissa , da Silva Daniel Oliveira 
Published: February 2024

We consider the Cauchy problem for an equation of Korteweg–de Vries–Kawahara type with initial data in the analytic Gevrey spaces. By using linear, bilinear and trilinear estimates in analytic Bourgain spaces, we establish the local well-posedness of this problem. By using an approximate conservation law, we extend this to a global result in such a way that the radius of analyticity of solutions is uniformly bounded below by a fixed positive number for all time.