bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the delta formation resulting from sediment deposition in Lake Nasser, Egypt: Approach to tracing lake delta formation
Authors: El‐Manadely M. S. , Abdel‐Bary R. M. , El‐Sammany M. S. , Ahmed T. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA major problem encountered by managers of large reservoirs, such as Lake Nasser (located in the south of Egypt), is the continuous deposition of sediments, resulting in a bed‐level increase, a decrease in lake capacity, and the creation of a new delta that might eventually hinder navigation. To investigate the sedimentation problem in Lake Nasser, a series of surveyed cross‐sections were reviewed and samples of suspended sediment and bed material collected. These sets of data were analysed to investigate the progress of the delta formation, the change in its properties in all directions and the corresponding patterns of suspended and deposited sediment particles. Results showed that deposited sediments, characterized by a variable pattern of particle composition, are building up at the lake entrance. Although the expansion of the delta is multidirectional, its accelerated advance towards the High Aswan Dam would depend on the frequent occurrence of high floods following extended drought periods. Based on the calculated deposited sediment volume in Lake Nasser during the period 1964–1998, the lifetime of the dead storage zone allocated for sediment deposition (31 × 109 m3) is estimated at a minimum of 310 years.
Facilitating positive changes in community dementia management through participatory action research
Authors: Chenoweth Lynn , Kilstoff Kathleen 
Published: March 2003

Chenoweth L and Kilstoff K. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1998; 4: 175–188 Facilitating positive changes in community dementia management through participatory action research This paper reports on a participatory action research study which arose out of the initiatives of people caring for clients attending a multicultural dementia day‐care program. Through a democratic decision making process, the day‐care staff and family carers consulted with clients to design, implement and evaluate a new therapy program. The researchers acted as facilitators in this process, with a view to empowering participants at each stage in the action research cycles. What started out as a negative situation for the majority of study participants, evolved to become a satisfying group process and positive outcomes resulted from the therapy program itself. For clients there was the renewal of close personal relationships with family carers, increased alertness and a reduction in some of their distressing symptoms. For the family carers, there arose an awareness of new purposes in the caring role and therefore less distress in their daily lives, for day‐care staff there emerged a re‐conceptualisation of purpose of dementia care programs and the benefits to be gained from community collaboration in program design. The focus of this paper is to describe the action research process, which resulted in positive outcomes for the study participants.
Anorectal physiology and transit in patients with disorders of thyroid metabolism
Authors: Deen Kemal , Seneviratne Suranjith , Silva H 
Published: March 2003

Background: Data on anorectal physiology in patients with disordered thyroid metabolism are lacking. This prospective study was performed to evaluate anorectal physiology in patients with either hyperthyroidism and diarrhoea, or hypothyroidism and constipation in order to assess slow transit in hypothyroid patients. Methods: Thirty patients with hypothyroidism and constipation (24 females, median age 59 years, range 23–80) and 20 patients with hyperthyroidism and diarrhoea (12 females, median age 46 years, range 36–62) were evaluated by anal manometry, rectal balloon sensation and whole‐gut transit markers. Data were compared with anorectal physiology and whole‐gut transit in 22 healthy controls (13 females, median age 51 years, range 24–65). Results: In the hypothyroid patients, maximum resting pressure (MRP) and maximum squeeze pressure (MSP) were similar to controls (patients, median MRP 55 mmHg (18–98); controls, median MRP 41 mmHg (20–105) and patients, median MSP 83 mmHg (39–400); controls, median MSP 88 mmHg (30–230); P > 0.05 for both resting and squeeze pressures). In hyperthyroid patients, median MRP and MSP were significantly lower than controls (patients, MRP 33 mmHg (8–69); controls MRP 41 mmHg (20–105) P = 0.04 and patients, MSP 60 mmHg (26–104); controls, MSP 88 mmHg (30–230); P = 0.03). Threshold sensation for impending evacuation in hypothyroid patients was significantly higher than controls, while in hyperthyroid patients, threshold sensation was significantly lower compared with controls. Maximum tolerable rectal volumes in hypothyroid patients was significantly lower compared with controls, while no significant difference was found between maximum tolerable rectal volumes in hyperthyroid patients and controls. Prevalence of delayed whole‐gut transit in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients was similar to controls. Furthermore, 33% of hypothyroid patients and 40% of hyperthyroid patients experienced symptoms of bowel dysfunction prior to the onset of their thyroid disorder. Conclusions: Patients with altered thyroid function and bowel dysfunction demonstrated abnormalities of anal manometry and rectal sensation.
Helicobacter pylori: Evidence for spouse‐to‐spouse transmission
Authors: Singh V , Trikha B , Vaiphei K , Nain CK , Thennarasu K , Singh K 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Spouse‐to‐spouse transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection still remains controversial.
Methods
: We studied the prevalence of H. pylori infection among spouses of H. pylori‐positive or ‐negative individuals and looked for intraspousal transmission. Twenty‐five couples were studied. Initially, one individual per couple was selected as the index subject. Spouses of these H. pylori‐positive or ‐negative index individuals underwent screening for H. pylori by serology, the rapid urease test and histology. Those couples in whom only one spouse was positive were followed up and H. pylori status was re‐evaluated using the above tests after approximately 1 year in the H. pylori‐negative spouse.
Results
: Of 25 randomly selected index subjects, 18 were H. pylori positive and seven were negative. There was no significant difference in age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of dyspeptic symptoms, duration of marriage and number of children in these index subjects. Spouses of H. pylori‐infected index subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori infection than the spouses of H. pylori‐negative index subjects (83.3 vs 28.5%; P < 0.01). Age, sex, socioeconomic status, dyspeptic symptoms, duration of marriage and number of children were not different in H. pylori‐positive or ‐negative spouses of H. pylori‐positive index subjects. There were five such couples in whom only one spouse was H. pylori positive initially. At follow up, three of these H. pylori‐negative spouses became positive. These findings suggest person‐to‐person transmission or common source exposure within couples.
Metaplastic polyp of the colon develops in response to inflammation
Authors: Higaki Shingo , Akazawa Akiko , Nakamura Hiroki , Yanai Hideo , Yoshida Tomoharu , Okita Kiwamu 
Published: March 2003

Background: The metaplastic polyp of the colon is a non‐neoplastic lesion that is generally identified as white, flat and having a smooth surface. In general, this polyp is small, is less than 5 mm in diameter but is occasionally larger than 5 mm in diameter, and forms a swelling. The aims of the present study were to clarify the factors that determine the morphology of protruding metaplastic polyps. More specifically, we investigated whether the metaplastic polyp forms as a result of an abnormality in cell proliferation or inflammation of the region. Methods: We examined 15 endoscopically resected metaplastic polyps of the colon having a longitudinal diameter of more than 5 mm. To study aspects of cell proliferation, we used proliferating‐cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. For examination of histological changes caused by inflammation, we used α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) staining, in which myofibroblasts are specifically stained. Results: Metaplastic polyps showed significantly higher expression of PCNA, not only in the deep layer, but also in the intermediate and superficial layers, compared with the normal mucosa of the colon. In the protruding metaplastic polyps, anti‐αSMA staining revealed bundle‐like myofibroblasts in the interstitium. Conclusions: The factors responsible for the formation of non‐neoplastic metaplastic polyps larger than 5 mm with a protruding morphology are: an increased number of epithelial cells due to the movement of these cells toward the ductal epithelium in the proliferating zone; and expansion of interstitial tissues due to infiltration of myofibroblasts and other inflammatory cells in response to inflammation.
Efficacy of an implanted drug delivery system for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma using 5‐fluorouracil, epirubicin and mitomycin C
Authors: Seno Hiroshi , Ito Kazuki , Kojima Koichi , Nakajima Nobuaki , Chiba Tsutomu 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: In order to assess the efficacy of repeated hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, we administered HAI therapy using 5‐fluorouracil, epirubicin and mitomycin C, with an implanted drug delivery system.
Methods and Results
: Thirty‐seven patients received HAI therapy with a response rate of 21.6%. The 6‐month and 1‐year survival rates were 67.6 and 29.7%, respectively. Responders to HAI therapy showed significantly longer survival than non‐responders, while patients with mild liver dysfunction tended to survive longer than those with severe dysfunction. Neither tumour thrombosis of the main trunk of the portal vein nor extrahepatic metastases were considered to constitute contraindications for HAI therapy. Catheter‐related trouble occurred in eight patients and biloma in one patient, but other side effects were transient and tolerable. These patients received HAI therapy as outpatients for an average of 79.6% of the entire course of therapy.
Conclusions
: Hepatic arterial infusion therapy proved effective for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in terms of improving survival and outpatient rates.
Effective hepatic artery chemoembolization for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with extensive tumour thrombus through the hepatic vein
Authors: Kashima Yasushige , Miyazaki Masaru , Ito Hiroshi , Kaiho Takashi , Nakagawa Koji , Ambiru Satoshi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Furuya Seiji , Nakajima Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background and Aims
: Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extensive tumour growth through the hepatic vein still has an extremely poor prognosis, even after cancer chemotherapy and/or transarterial embolization. Although aggressive surgical treatments using extracorporeal circulation and liver transplantation have been performed by some authors, the reported results were still unsatisfactory. In this study, we report the favourable result of hepatic artery chemoembolization and subsequent surgical resection in three patients with advanced HCC with extensive tumour thrombus through the hepatic vein.
Methods and Results
: Three irresectable patients with HCC with extensive tumour thrombus through the hepatic vein underwent hepatic artery chemoembolization with aclarubicin, mitomycin C, lipiodol and/or Gelfoam. After the reduction of tumour extent with hepatic artery chemoembolization, two of the three patients underwent surgical resection. These two patients are still alive at 59 and 21 postoperative months, respectively. In the other case, the extent of the tumour and functional reserve of the liver prevented us from performing surgical resection, but the patient is doing well 62 months after the initial treatment.
Conclusions
: Hepatic artery chemoembolization with aclarubicin, mitomycin C, lipiodol and/or Gelfoam might be an effective treatment for irresectable advanced HCC with extensive tumour thrombus into the inferior vena cava or the right atrium through the hepatic vein. Radical surgical resection might be applicable for selected patients without high surgical risk after reducing tumour extent by hepatic artery chemoembolization.
Effect of lafutidine, a novel histamine H2‐receptor antagonist, on monochloramine‐induced gastric lesions in rats: Role of capsaicin‐sensitive sensory neurons
Authors: Umeda Masakazu , Fujita Akinobu , Nishiwaki Hideyuki , Takeuchi Koji 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Lafutidine ((±)‐2‐(furfurylsulfinyl)‐N‐(4‐(4‐(piperidinomethyl)‐2‐pyridyl)oxy‐(Z)‐2‐butenyl)acetamide) is a novel histamine H2‐receptor antagonist and has been shown to exhibit a potent gastroprotective activity in addition to its antisecretory action. In the present study, we examined the effects of lafutidine on the mucosal ulcerogenic and potential difference (PD) responses induced by monochloramine (NH2Cl) in rat stomachs.
Methods
: Oral administration of NH2Cl at 120 mmol/L produced haemorrhagic lesions in the stomach in unanaesthetized rats.
Results
: Lafutidine (3–30 mg/kg), given p.o., showed a dose‐dependent and significant inhibition against damage caused by NH2Cl: the effect was significant at 10 mg/kg or greater but disappeared almost totally in the sensory deafferented animals following capsaicin pretreatment. Likewise, capsaicin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), but not cimetidine (100 mg/kg, p.o.) exhibited a potent protection against NH2Cl‐induced gastric lesions. Topical application of NH2Cl (10 mmol/L) reduced transmucosal PD in ex‐vivo stomachs of anaesthetized rats, but this PD response was also prevented by pre‐exposure to lafutidine, in a dose‐dependent and sensory neuron‐sensitive manner. Mucosal exposure to NH4OH (60 mmol/L) also caused PD reduction in ex‐vivo stomachs made ischaemic by bleeding from the carotid artery (1 mL/100 g bodyweight), resulting in severe gastric lesions. These ulcerogenic and PD responses caused by NH4OH plus ischaemia were attenuated by prior application of lafutidine as well as taurine, a scavenger of NH2Cl. The former effect was, again, dependent on the sensory neurons. Intraluminal capsaicin but not cimetidine was also effective in preventing a PD response to NH2Cl.
Conclusions
: These results suggest that lafutidine, but not cimetidine, protects the stomach against NH2Cl, whether occurring endogenously or administered exogenously and that this action may be mediated by capsaicin‐sensitive sensory neurons.
Ethanol intake preceding Helicobacter pylori inoculation promotes gastric mucosal inflammation in Mongolian gerbils
Authors: Suzuki Hidekazu , Mori Mikiji , Seto Koichi , Nagahashi Shoichi , Kawaguchi Chizuko , Kai Akemi , Akiba Yasutada , Suzuki Masayuki , Suematsu Makoto , Miura Soichiro , Ishii Hiromasa 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Mongolian gerbils have been reported to be a suitable model for Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric mucosal injury, including gastric cancer. Although ethanol is known to be one of the harmful substances in the gastric mucosa, the relationship between ethanol and H. pylori infection remains unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of ethanol treatment prior to H. pylori inoculation on associated gastric mucosal injury.
Methods
: Male Mongolian gerbils were used for the study. Helicobacter pylori was orally inoculated after 15 h fasting (Hp group). Thirty minutes prior to H. pylori inoculation, a group of gerbils was orally treated with 40% ethanol (20 mL/kg; E + Hp group). Another group of animals was treated either with H. pylori culture media alone (controls) or with 40% ethanol plus culture media (E group). Gerbils were killed 2, 4 or 12 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. Helicobacter pylori infection was confirmed by both histological examination and serological tests. Mucosal damage was evaluated histologically according to the modified Sydney system.
Results
: Although in the controls and E group no significant change to the gastric mucose was observed, persistent H. pylori infection was seen in the mucosa and mucosal leucocyte infiltration and severe epithelial damage was observed in the Hp and E + Hp groups after 4 weeks. The histological scores for polymorphonuclear cell infiltration and myeloperoxidase activity were higher in the E + Hp group at 4 weeks than in the Hp group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
: Ethanol intake preceding H. pylori inoculation could promote the progression of gastric mucosal inflammation in Mongolian gerbils.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Effects of end‐to‐side portacaval shunt and distal splenorenal shunt on systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Luca Angelo , García‐Pagán Juan C , De Lacy Antonio M , Escorsell Angels , Feu Fausto , Visa Josep , Bosch Jaime 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: Patients with cirrhosis exhibit splanchnic, peripheral and pulmonary vasodilation, which are thought to play a role in increasing portal pressure, promoting sodium retention and determining arterial hypoxaemia. The present study investigated whether these abnormalities are influenced by portal hypertension or by portal systemic shunting.
Methods
: Sixty‐one patients with cirrhosis who had haemodynamic measurements before and after end‐to‐side portacaval shunt (n = 30) or distal splenorenal shunt (n = 31) were evaluated.
Results
: End‐to‐side portacaval shunts were more effective than distal splenorenal shunts in decompressing the portal system (portocaval pressure gradient 3.2 ± 2.5 vs splenocaval gradient 6.5 ± 3.2 mmHg, P < 0.0001), because of a greater shunt blood flow (33 ± 12 vs 21 ± 12 mL/min per kg, P < 0.005). Azygos blood flow and hepatic blood flow decreased significantly after both surgical shunts. However, end‐to‐side portacaval shunts caused a greater decrease in peripheral resistance than distal splenorenal shunts (–23 ± 18 vs–11 ± 27%, P < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were significantly reduced after an end‐to‐side portacaval shunt (–7 ± 10%, P < 0.001 and –14 ± 33%, P < 0.004, respectively), but not after splenorenal shunt.
Conclusions
: These results show that end‐to‐side portacaval shunts, despite normalizing portal pressure, worsen the peripheral and pulmonary vasodilatation. The splenorenal shunt that maintained a higher portal pressure, caused less peripheral vasodilatation and did not enhance pulmonary vasodilatation. These findings suggest that portal systemic shunting is more important than increased portal pressure in determining peripheral vasodilatation in cirrhosis.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
CASE REPORT: Acute encephalitis immediately prior to acute onset of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Chuganji Yoshimichi , Yaginuma Masakimi , Momoi Masaru , Tanaka Takehiko 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA 34‐year‐old male presented with acute viral encephalitis of unknown aetiology with subsequent acute onset of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although the neurological syndrome improved after administration of acyclovir, jaundice appeared. Neurological complications of HCV infections have rarely been described. In this case report, we discuss the close relationship between neurological syndromes and HCV infection. In the future, we hope that further discussion of clinical cases will determine whether or not the HCV produces neurological manifestations.© 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd
Role of energy metabolism in drug‐induced acute gastric mucosal injuries in humans
Authors: Sasahara Katsuyuki , Uchida Yoshihito , Matsuda Kazuya , Kawabata Hidehiro , Nishioka Mikio 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Background
: In various drug‐induced gastric mucosal injuries, it has been speculated that changes in gastric mucosal energy metabolism differ according to the cause of injury. This study was conducted to investigate the role of energy metabolism in two drug‐induced gastric mucosal injuries in humans.
Methods
: The subjects were patients with acute gastric mucosal injury due to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or steroids, and normal controls. Two sets of tissue specimens from the antrum and corpus of the stomach were obtained. One specimen from each area was used for histological analysis and the other was stored in liquid nitrogen. The stored tissues were homogenized. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) were measured by the luciferin–luciferase method.
Results and Conclusions
: In the NSAID group, the ATP levels and the total adenine nucleotide (TAN) levels in both the antrum and corpus were significantly lower than in the control group. In the steroid group, no significant differences were observed in either the ATP or TAN levels. The NSAID decreased energy metabolism in the entire stomach while the steroid had a negligible effect on energy metabolism.
Mast cell stabilization prevents ethanol‐induced rat gastric mucosal injury: Mechanisms of protection
Authors: Kalia N , Bardhan Kd , Reed Mwr , Jacob S , Brown Nj 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
Introduction
: We previously demonstrated that 60% ethanol increased macromolecular leakage and induced lesion formation in areas of permanent flow stasis within gastric mucosal vessels. Mast cells and their mediators have been implicated in acute mucosal injury. Fluorescent in vivo microscopy was used to assess the effects of ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer, and pyrilamine, a histamine (H1)‐receptor antagonist, on ethanol‐induced rat gastric mucosal injury.
Methods
: Experiments were carried out on anaesthetized rats pretreated orally with ketotifen (1 mg/kg) or pyrilamine (30 mg/kg). Fluorescein isothiocyanate–bovine serum albumin (FITC‐BSA; 0.2 mL/100 g), a marker for quantitating macromolecular leakage was administered intra‐arterially. Ethanol (60%) or distilled water was applied topically to the gastric mucosa. Macromolecular leakage of FITC‐BSA, vessel diameters and leucocyte activity were quantified using image analysis.
Results
: Pretreatment with ketotifen or pyrilamine, followed by ethanol, caused no change in macromolecular leakage compared with controls. Both compounds prevented blood flow stasis in all areas and no lesion formation was observed. However, increased leucocyte activity and increases in vessel diameter were observed following pretreatment with ketotifen and pyrilamine, respectively.
Conclusions
: The data suggest that vasoactive substances released from mast cells may be involved in the aetiology of ethanol‐induced gastric mucosal damage. The prevention of these normal physiological responses to injury may lead to the employment of other microcirculatory mechanisms of defence.
Endoscopic pancreatic sphincter balloon dilation for effective retrieval of pancreatic duct stone
Authors: Suga T , Kawa S , Horiuchi A , Nakamura N , Mukawa K , Akamatsu T , Kiyosawa K 
Published: March 2003

AbstractTo facilitate pancreatic stone retrieval, four patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic stones underwent endoscopic pancreatic sphincter balloon dilation (EPSBD) rather than pancreatic sphincterotomy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy combined with endoscopic removal was carried out in three patients. Stone removal following EPSBD was completely successful in all four patients. Patients showed no severe complications during the dilation procedure. In one patient, to prevent pancreatitis, an endoscopic nasopancreatic drain was placed for 1 week after EPSBD. Compared with pancreatic sphincterotomy, EPSBD can be performed safely in patients with chronic pancreatitis to assist in the extraction of pancreatic duct stones. Use of the EPSBD procedure in cases of chronic pancreatitis provides a useful approach to improve endoscopic clearance of pancreatic duct stones.