bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital‐based norovirus surveillance in children <5 years of age from 2017 to 2019 in India
Authors: Giri Sidhartha , Chhabra Preeti , Kulkarni Ruta , Reju Sudhabharathi , Sabapathy Satheesh Kumar , Selvarajan Sribal , Varghese Tintu , Kalaivanan Maheshwari , Dorairaj Priyadharishini , Kalrao Vijay , Mankar Sanjay , Sangamnerkar Mukund , Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar , Srikanth Padma , Kang Gagandeep , Vinjé Jan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAfter the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine into the Universal Immunization Program in India in 2016, relatively few studies have assessed the prevalence and epidemiological patterns of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among hospitalized children ≤5 years of age. We used a uniform protocol to recruit children with AGE as well as standardized testing and typing protocols. Stool specimens from children with AGE younger than 5 years of age admitted to six hospitals in three cities in India were collected from January 2017 through December 2019. Norovirus was detected by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) followed by typing positive specimens by conventional RT‐PCR and Sanger sequencing. Norovirus was detected in 322 (14.8%) of 2182 specimens with the highest rate in 2018 (17.6%, 146/829), followed by 2019 (14.4%, 122/849) and 2017 (10.7%, 54/504). Rotavirus vaccine status was known for 91.6% of the children of which 70.4% were vaccinated and 29.6% not. Norovirus positivity in rotavirus‐vaccinated children was 16.3% and 12% in unvaccinated children. GII.4 Sydney[P16] (39.3%), GII.4 Sydney[P31] (18.7%), GII.2[P16] (10%), GI.3[P13] (6.8%), GII.3[P16] (5.9%), and GII.13[P16] (5%) accounted for 85.8% (188/219) of the typed strains. Our data highlight the importance of norovirus in Indian children hospitalized with AGE.
Epitope delimitation: A new method for defining epitopes of human IgG‐reactive antigenic peptides based on rabbit‐recognized epitope motifs
Authors: Tang Hai‐Ping , He Ya‐Ping , Wang Jian , Zhan Jian‐Min , Lian Wen‐Bo , Xue Feng , Wang Li , Li Yijie , Zhang Ailian , Zhang Fuchun , Xu Chen , Li Jinyao , Xu Wan‐Xiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe use of precise epitope peptides as antigens is essential for accurate serological diagnosis of viral‐infected individuals, but now it remains an unsolvable problem for mapping precise B cell epitopes (BCEs) recognized by human serum. To address this challenge, we propose a novel epitope delimitation (ED) method to uncover BCEs in the delineated human IgG‐reactive (HR) antigenic peptides (APs). Specifically, the method based on the rationale of similarities in humoral immune responses between mammalian species consists of a pair of elements: experimentally delineated HR‐AP and rabbit‐recognized (RR) BCE motif and corresponding pair of sequence alignment analysis. As a result of using the ED approach, after decoding four RR‐epitomes of human papillomavirus types 16/18‐E6 and E7 proteins utilizing rabbit serum against each recombinant protein and sequence alignment analysis of HR‐APs and RR‐BCEs, 19 fine BCEs in 17 of 22 known HR‐APs were defined based on each corresponding RR‐BCE motifs, including the type‐specificity of each delimited BCE in homologous proteins. The test with 22 known 16/20mer HR‐APs demonstrated that the ED method is effective and efficient, indicating that it can be used as an alternative method to the conventional identification of fine BCEs using overlapping 8mer peptides.
SuPAR, biomarkers of inflammation, and severe outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19: The International Study of Inflammation in COVID‐19
Authors: Vasbinder Alexi , Padalia Kishan , Pizzo Ian , Machado Kristen , Catalan Tonimarie , Presswalla Feriel , Anderson Elizabeth , Ismail Anis , Hutten Christina , Huang Yiyuan , Blakely Pennelope , Azam Tariq U. , Berlin Hanna , Feroze Rafey , Launius Christopher , Meloche Chelsea , Michaud Erinleigh , O'Hayer Patrick , Pan Michael , Shadid Husam R. , Rasmussen Line Jee Hartmann , Roberts Donald A. , Zhao Lili , Banerjee Mousumi , Murthy Venkatesh , Loosen Sven H. , Chalkias Athanasios , Tacke Frank , Reiser Jochen , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. , Eugen‐Olsen Jesper , Pop‐Busui Rodica , Hayek Salim S. ,   ISIC investigators
Published: January 2024

AbstractSevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome. The biomarkers of inflammation best suited to triage patients with COVID‐19 are unknown. We conducted a prospective multicenter observational study of adult patients hospitalized specifically for COVID‐19 from February 1, 2020 to October 19, 2022. Biomarkers measured included soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, procalcitonin, ferritin, and D‐dimer. In‐hospital outcomes examined include death and the need for mechanical ventilation. Patients admitted in the United States (US, n = 1962) were used to compute area under the curves (AUCs) and identify biomarker cutoffs. The combined European cohorts (n = 1137) were used to validate the biomarker cutoffs. In the US cohort, 356 patients met the composite outcome of death (n = 197) or need for mechanical ventilation (n = 290). SuPAR was the most important predictor of the composite outcome and had the highest AUC (0.712) followed by CRP (0.642), ferritin (0.619), IL‐6 (0.614), D‐dimer (0.606), and lastly procalcitonin (0.596). Inclusion of other biomarkers did not improve discrimination. A suPAR cutoff of 4.0 ng/mL demonstrated a sensitivity of 95.4% (95% CI: 92.4%–98.0%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 92.5% (95% CI: 87.5%–96.9%) for the composite outcome. Patients with suPAR < 4.0 ng/mL comprised 10.6% of the cohort and had a 0.8% probability of the composite outcome. Applying this cutoff to the validation cohort yielded a sensitivity of 93.8% (90.4%–96.7%) and NPV of 95.5% (93.1%–97.8%) for the composite outcome. Among commonly measured biomarkers, suPAR offered stronger discriminatory ability and may be useful in triaging low‐risk patients with COVID‐19.
One dose versus two doses of COVID‐19 vaccine for the prevention of breakthrough infections among people previously infected with SARS‐Cov‐2
Authors: Guo Fangjian , Adekanmbi Victor , Hsu Christine D. , Polychronopoulou Efstathia , Berenson Abbey B. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractStudies have suggested the effectiveness of COVID‐19 vaccines in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection among those previously infected. However, it is not yet clear if one dose of the vaccine is enough to prevent breakthrough infections compared to two doses. Using data from Optum deidentified COVID‐19 Electronic Health Record (EHR) data set, we assessed breakthrough infection risks in individuals previously infected, comparing those with one vaccine dose to those with two doses. Propensity scores were applied to mitigate confounding factors. Follow‐up spanned 6 months, beginning 2 weeks postvaccination. Among 213 845 individuals, those receiving one vaccine dose had a significantly higher breakthrough infection risk than the two‐dose group (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.54–1.85). This pattern was observed across genders, racial/ethnic groups, age categories, and vaccine types. This study reveals a substantial disparity in the risk of breakthrough infections between individuals receiving one versus two doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine, suggesting that a single dose may not provide adequate protection against reinfection.
Asymptomatic norovirus infection during outbreaks in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Jun , Ji Zhen‐hao , Zhang Shao‐bai , Yang Zu‐rong , Sun Xue‐qiang , Zhang Hui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAcute gastroenteritis outbreaks may be caused by the excretion of norovirus (NoV) from asymptomatic individuals. Despite numerous studies involving asymptomatic NoV infection during outbreaks in China, a comprehensive assessment of its role has not been conducted, which is critical for emergency management. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NoV infection during outbreaks in China. We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wanfang, and China Weipu, between January 1, 1997 and June 19, 2023. The retrieved articles and their references underwent screening, which utilized polymerase chain reaction‐based assays for the detection of NoV in asymptomatic individuals during outbreaks that occurred in China. The primary summary data were the prevalence of asymptomatic NoV infection in outbreaks. We generated pooled estimates of asymptomatic prevalence in the population as a whole and in subgroups by using random‐effect models. Of the 97 articles included, the pooled asymptomatic prevalence of NoV among 5117 individuals in outbreaks was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.1–21.3). The asymptomatic prevalence of NoV GII (17.1%, 95% CI: 12.9–21.5) was similar to that of NoV GI (22.0%, 95% CI: 12.8–32.4). However, the proportion of asymptomatic individuals involved in NoV GII (57.44%) was significantly higher than that of NoV GI (5.12%), and NoV GII (75.26%) was reported much more frequently than NoV GI (14.43%) in the included articles. Meta‐regression analysis of 11 possible influencing factors (geographic region, setting, season, sample type, genotype, transmission route, occupation, age, per capita income, study quality, and cases definition) showed that the source of heterogeneity might be related to the outbreak settings, per capita income, and study quality (p = 0.037, 0.058, and 0.026, respectively). Of particular note was the asymptomatic prevalence peaked in preschoolers (27.8%), afterward, it fell into trough in elementary and junior school children (10.5%), before the second peak located in adults (17.8%), and the elderly (25.2%). Prevalent genotypes reported include GII.4, followed by GII.17, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, and so forth. The estimated asymptomatic prevalence of NoV during outbreaks in China was as high as 17.6%, with NoV GII dominating. In addition, genetic subtypes of NoV in outbreaks should be detected whenever possible. The role of asymptomatic individuals in NoV outbreaks cannot be ignored. This knowledge will help governments develop public health policies and emergency response strategies for outbreaks, assess the burden, and develop vaccines.
SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP12 utilizes various host splicing factors for replication and splicing regulation
Authors: Yang Li , Zeng Xiao‐Tao , Luo Rong‐Hua , Ren Si‐Xue , Liang Lin‐Lin , Huang Qiu‐Xia , Tang Ying , Fan Hong , Ren Hai‐Yan , Zhang Wan‐Jiang , Zheng Yong‐Tang , Cheng Wei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a crucial element in the replication and transcription of RNA viruses. Although the RdRps of lethal human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), SARS‐CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanism of the catalytic subunit NSP12, which is involved in pathogenesis, remains unclear. In this study, the biochemical and cell biological results demonstrate the interactions between SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP12 and seven host proteins, including three splicing factors (SLU7, PPIL3, and AKAP8). The entry efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 considerably decreased when SLU7 or PPIL3 was knocked out, indicating that abnormal splicing of the host genome was responsible for this occurrence. Furthermore, the polymerase activity and stability of SARS‐CoV‐2 RdRp were affected by the three splicing factors to varying degrees. In addition, NSP12 and its homologues from SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV suppressed the alternative splicing of cellular genes, which were influenced by the three splicing factors. Overall, our research illustrates that SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP12 can engage with various splicing factors, thereby impacting virus entry, replication, and gene splicing. This not only improves our understanding of how viruses cause diseases but also lays the foundation for the development of antiviral therapies.
First detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) from urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Park Kyungmin , Kim Jongwoo , Noh Juyoung , Kim Kijin , Yang Eunyoung , Kim Seong‐Gyu , Cho Hee‐Kyung , Byun Kwan Soo , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Young‐Sun , Shim Jung Ok , Shin Minsoo , Kim Won‐Keun , Song Jin‐Won 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, poses a significant public health concern worldwide. Recently, rat HEV (Rocahepevirus ratti genotype C1; HEV‐C1) has been reported to cause zoonotic infections and hepatitis in humans. Human infections with HEV‐C1 are considered to be underestimated worldwide due to limited knowledge of transmission routes, genome epidemiology, and the risk assessment of zoonosis associated with these viruses. A total of 186 wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected from the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2011 and 2021. The prevalence of HEV‐C1 RNA was 8 of 180 (4.4%) by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. We first reported three nearly whole‐genome sequences of HEV‐C1 newly acquired from urban rats in the ROK. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Korea‐indigenous HEV‐C1 formed an independent genetic group with those derived from R. norvegicus rats in other countries, indicating geographical and genetic diversity. Our findings provide critical insights into the molecular prevalence, genome epidemiology, and zoonotic potential of Rocahepevirus. This report raises awareness of the presence of Rocahepevirus‐related hepatitis E among physicians in the ROK.
Brain structural and functional abnormalities in patients with tension‐type headache: A systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Parsaei Mohammadamin , Taebi Morvarid , Arvin Alireza , Moghaddam Hossein Sanjari 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTension‐type headache (TTH) stands as the most prevalent form of headache, yet an adequate understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains elusive. This article endeavors to comprehensively review structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies investigating TTH patients, to gain valuable insights into the pathophysiology of TTH, and to explore new avenues for enhanced treatment strategies. We conducted a systematic search to identify relevant articles examining brain MRI disparities between TTH individuals and headache‐free controls (HFC). Fourteen studies, encompassing 312 diagnosed TTH patients, were selected for inclusion. Among these, eight studies utilized conventional MRI, one employed diffusion tensor imaging, and five implemented various functional MRI modalities. Consistent findings across these studies revealed a notable increase in white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in TTH patients. Furthermore, the potential involvement of the specific brain areas recognized to be involved in different dimensions of pain perception including cortical regions (anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, anterior and posterior insular cortex), subcortical regions (thalamus, caudate, putamen, and parahippocampus), cerebellum in TTH pathogenesis was identified. However, no significant association was established between TTH and intracranial abnormalities or total intracranial volume. In conclusion, these findings support the hypotheses regarding the role of central mechanisms in TTH pathophysiology and offer probable brain regions implicated in these mechanisms. Due to the scarce data on the precise role of these regions in the TTH, further preclinical and clinical investigations should be done to advance our knowledge and enhance targeted therapeutic options of TTH.
Assessing brain integrity in patients with long‐term and well‐functioning metal‐based hip implants
Authors: Taleb Shahnaz , Varela‐Mattatall Gabriel , Allen Abbigail , Haast Roy , Khan Ali R. , Kalia Vishal , Howard James L. , MacDonald Steven J. , Menon Ravi S. , Lanting Brent A. , Teeter Matthew G. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractProduction of metal debris from implant wear and corrosion processes is now a well understood occurrence following hip arthroplasty. Evidence has shown that metal ions can enter the bloodstream and travel to distant organs including the brain, and in extreme cases, can induce sensorial and neurological diseases. Our objective was tosimultaneously analyze brain anatomy and physiology in patients with long‐term and well‐functioning implants. Included were subjects who had received total hip or hip resurfacing arthroplastywith an implantation time of a minimum of 7 years (n = 28) and age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 32). Blood samples were obtained to measure ion concentrations of cobalt and chromium, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment was performed. 3T MRI brain scans were completed with an MPRAGE sequence for ROI segmentation and multiecho gradient echo sequences to generate QSM and R2* maps. Mean QSM and R2* values were recorded for five deep brain and four middle and cortical brain structures on both hemispheres: pallidum, putamen, caudate, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, inferior temporal, and cerebellum. No differences in QSM or R2* or cognition scores were found between both groups (p > 0.6654). No correlation was found between susceptibility and blood ion levels for cobalt or chromium in any region of the brain. No correlation was found between blood ion levels and cognition scores. Clinical significance: Results suggest that metal ions released by long‐term and well‐functioning implants do not affect brain integrity.
Humalite enhances the growth, grain yield, and protein content of wheat by improving soil nitrogen availability and nutrient uptake
Authors: Rathor Pramod , Rouleau Vianne , Gorim Linda Yuya , Chen Guanqun , Thilakarathna Malinda S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe application of synthetic chemical inputs in current agricultural practices has significantly increased crop production, but their use has caused severe negative consequences on the environment. Humalite is an organic soil amendment that is rich in humic acid and found in large deposits in southern Alberta, Canada. Humic products can enhance nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants by reducing nutrient losses and enhancing bioavailability in the soil.AimHere, we evaluated the effects of different humalite rates in the presence of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) at recommended rates on soil nitrogen availability, wheat growth, grain yield, seed nutritional quality, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under controlled environmental conditions.MethodsA series of studies were conducted by applying five different rates of humalite (0, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 kg ha−1) with NPK at recommended rates. Soil nitrogen availability and shoot and root growth parameters were recorded at flowering stage. NUE was calculated based on the grain yield at maturity stage.ResultsPlants grown in the presence of humalite augmented root morphological parameters (root length, volume, and surface area), plant biomass (shoot and root), and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, and S) compared to the plants supplied with recommended fertilizer alone. Furthermore, humalite application significantly increased grain yield (14%–19%), seed protein content (23%–30%), and NUE (14%–60%) compared to the fertilizer application alone.ConclusionThese findings suggest that humalite can be used as an organic soil amendment to reduce synthetic fertilizer application and improve plant growth and yield while enhancing fertilizer use efficiency.
The effects of landscape fascination on subjective well‐being and revisit intention: Evidence from agritourism destinations
Authors: Dat Le Thanh , Wu Homer C. , Li Tzu‐Ning , Huang Wen‐Shiung , Liou Gwo‐Bao , Hsieh Chi‐Ming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study adopted the reasonable person model (RPM) in the context of agritourism to identify tourists' preferences for features of agricultural landscapes; to examine the effects of agritourism landscape's fascination on subjective well‐being and destination attachment, which in turn influence tourists' loyal behaviors; and to investigate the moderating effects of farm types. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were combined to obtain 1118 usable samples. The results validated the RPM by identifying the predictive power of landscape fascination, subjective well‐being, and destination attachment on tourists' destination loyalty. Managerial implications for enhancing visitors' retentions in Taiwan were discussed.
Performance of noninvasive seromarkers in predicting liver fibrosis among MAFLD patients with or without viral hepatitis
Authors: Huang Chung‐Feng , Liang Po‐Cheng , Wang Chih‐Wen , Jang Tyng‐Yuan , Hsu Po‐Yao , Tsai Pei‐Chien , Wei Yu‐Ju , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Lin Yi‐Hung , Huang Chao‐Kuan , Dai Chia‐Yen , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of noninvasive seromarkers in predicting liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) patients with or without viral hepatitis is elusive. The AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) were assessed in 871 MAFLD patients who received elastography in a viral hepatitis‐endemic area. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve increased substantially with increasing fibrotic stage across the three biomarkers. APRI (AUROC range 0.73–0.80) and FIB‐4 (AUROC range 0.66–0.82) performed better than NFS (AUROC range 0.63–0.75). When patients were divided into viral and non‐viral MAFLD groups, a better AUROC of APRI (range 0.76–0.80) and FIB‐4 (range 0.68–0.78) than NFS (range 0.62–70) existed only in viral MALFD but not in non‐viral MAFLD. Regarding the NFS, the AUROC was higher in non‐viral MAFLD (range 0.69–0.86) and outperformed viral MAFLD at all fibrotic stages. The accuracy in predicting liver fibrosis increased with the advancement of liver disease for the three biomarkers. NFS exerted better diagnostic accuracy in non‐viral than in viral MAFLD patients across different fibrotic stages. The best accuracy was 91.1% using the cutoff value of −9.98 for the NFS in predicting liver cirrhosis in non‐viral MAFLD patients. The APRI and FIB‐4 performed better than the NFS in predicting liver fibrosis in MAFLD as a whole. The suboptimal performance and accuracy of the NFS existed only in viral MAFLD patients. Caution should be taken when assessing the NFS in MAFLD patients with viral hepatitis.
Complex Refraction Metasurfaces for Locally Enhanced Propagation Through Opaque Media
Authors: Perea‐Puente Sinuhé , Rodríguez‐Fortuño Francisco J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces with linear phase gradients can redirect light beams. Controlling both phase and amplitude of a metasurface is proposed to extend Snell's law to the realm of complex angles, enabling a non‐decaying transmission through opaque media with complex refractive indices. This leads to the discovery of non‐diffracting and non‐decaying solutions to the wave equation in opaque media, in the form of generalized cosine and Bessel‐beams with a complex argument. While these solutions present nonphysical exponentially growing side tails, this is addressed via a windowing process, removing the side tails of the field profile while preserving significant transmission enhancement through an opaque slab on a small localized region. Such refined beam profiles may be synthesized by passive metasurfaces with phase and amplitude control at the opaque material's interface. The findings, derived from rigorous solutions of the wave equation, promise new insights and enhanced control of light propagation in opaque media.