bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duality Based A Posteriori Error Estimator for the Dirichlet Problem
Authors: Repin S. , Sauter S. , Smolianski A. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe present work is devoted to the a posteriori error estimation for 2nd order elliptic problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Using the duality technique we derive a reliable and efficient a posteriori error estimator that measures the error in the energy norm. All the derivations are done on continuous level, and the estimator can be used in assessing the error of any approximate solution which belongs to the Sobolev space H1, independently of the discretization method chosen. In particular, we make no use of the Galerkin orthogonality, which enables us to implement the estimator for measuring the error of the fictitious domain/penalty finite element method. The estimator is easily computable, and the only constant present in the estimator is the one from Friedrichs' inequality; the constant depends solely on the domain geometry, and the estimator is quite non‐sensitive to the error in the constant evaluation. Finally, we show how accurately the estimator captures the local error distribution, thus, creating a base for a justified adaptivity of an approximation.
Reproducible manufacturing of dye‐sensitized solar cells on a semi‐automated baseline
Authors: Späth M. , Sommeling P. M. , van Roosmalen J. A. M. , Smit H. J. P. , van der Burg N. P. G. , Mahieu D. R. , Bakker N. J. , Kroon J. M. 
Published: April 2003

AbstractA fully operational baseline consisting of dedicated equipment to process nanocrystalline dye‐sensitized solar cell devices has been installed at ECN. This baseline focuses on the production of glass/glass devices with dimensions up to 10×10 cm2. Present power conversion efficiencies of 6% obtained for cell areas of 2ċ5 cm2 are successfully translated to 100 cm2 devices with an active area of 68 cm2 by application of identical cell components. The power conversion efficiency with respect to total area was 4%. Processing of a large number of devices in the baseline shows good results in terms of process reliability and yield. The overall yield for a series of 27 devices (10×10 cm2) was 96%, while 84% (22 of the remaining 26 devices) generated a cell efficiency within 7% deviation from the average value (4ċ3%). The reproducibility of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) colloid synthesis has been investigated. The deviation from the average efficiency (4ċ9%) of three batches of colloid was at most 3ċ2%. These results prove that complete device manufacturing of nc‐DSC by a baseline process, starting with colloid synthesis is reproducible for surfaces up to 10×10 cm2. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pierre Favard and Daniel Sandoz
Authors: André Jean 
Published: April 2003

During the fall last year the 6th International Congress on Spermatology was held in Siena. This Congress was subtitled: Comparative Spermatology, 20 years after.Pierre Favard and Daniel Sandoz had in fact participated in the first meeting held in Siena 20 years ago, and had disappeared since, Pierre nearly 2 years before, Daniel only a few months before the onset of the Congress.When we, at the Organizing Committee, were preparing the Congress, we had first asked Daniel Sandoz to evoke the memory of his friend and former boss, Pierre Favard. Of course he accepted this task with devotion, but alas, his illness inerrupted his life before he could do it.As they were both close friends to me, I asked for the privilege of commemorating their personalities. As they had been so close to each other — in their scientific life as well as in their editorial action of this Journal — I chose to let them united in the same praising oration.The text that follows has been pronounced in Siena, on August 30, 1990.
The Cauchy problem for the Schrödinger equation in dimension three with concentrated nonlinearity
Authors: Dell'Antonio Gianfausto , Figari Rodolfo , Teta Alessandro , Adami Riccardo 
Published: April 2003

We consider the Schrödinger equation in

\mathbb{R}^{3}

with nonlinearity concentrated in a finite set of points. We formulate the problem in the space of finite energy

V

, which is strictly larger than the standard

H^1

-space due to the specific singularity exhibited by the solutions. We prove local existence and, for a repulsive or weakly attractive nonlinearity, also global existence of the solutions.

Résumé

On considère l’équation de Schrödinger avec une nonlinéarité concentrée en un nombre fini de points. On formule le problème dans l’espace

V

d’énergie finie, qui contient strictement l’espace standard

H^1

, à cause de la singularité spécifique des solutions. On prouve des résultats d’existence locale et même, pour une nonlinéarité répulsive ou faiblement attractive, l’existence globale des solutions.
Precipitation of Lysozyme Nanoparticles from Dimethyl Sulfoxide Using Carbon Dioxide as Antisolvent
Authors: Muhrer Gerhard , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: April 2003

AbstractThe protein lysozyme has been precipitated as amorphous nanoparticles from a DMSO solution using dense carbon dioxide as antisolvent, by applying the so‐called gas antisolvent recrystallization technique in a 400‐mL precipitator. The objective is to investigate the possibility of tuning the particle properties by changing the key process parameters, namely, antisolvent addition rate, initial solute concentration, and temperature. It is shown that none of these operating parameters has a major effect on the average particle size or the particle size distribution. The former is mostly between 200 and 300 nm and exhibits no evident trend. The latter is always unimodal and rather narrow and exhibits increasing agglomeration at higher temperature and initial solute concentration. Up to 75% of the protein activity measured in the starting crystalline material is retained by the precipitated amorphous nanoparticles. The present experimental results compare well with data about the same system obtained in a different experimental setup, which were previously reported in the literature, thus pointing at the reproducibility and robustness of GAS antisolvent recrystallization. Moreover, these are consistent with the theoretical understanding of gas antisolvent recrystallization as achieved by using a recently developed model of the process.
Predictors of posttraumatic stress reactions in Norwegian U.N. peacekeepers 7 years after service
Authors: Mehlum Lars , Weisæth Lars 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA sample of 1,624 Norwegian veterans from the UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) was investigated on average 6.6 years after service, completing a questionnaire focusing on stress exposure and posttraumatic stress reactions. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (measured by the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale [PTSS‐10]) was 5% overall, but 16% in the subgroup of personnel having been prematurely repatriated from UNIFIL. Multiple regression analyses showed that the following variables made separate and significant contributions to the explained variance of the PTSS‐10: Service stress exposure, perceived lack of meaningfulness with respect to the military mission, and stressful life‐events in life after service. These factors explained 25% (overall sample) and 37% (repatriated sample) of the variation in the posttraumatic symptom score.
Partner Influences and Gender‐Related Factors Associated with Noncondom Use Among Young Adult African American Women
Authors: Wingood Gina M. , DiClemente Ralph J. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe examined the partner influences and gender‐related correlates of noncondom use among African American women. The prevalence of noncondom use was 45.3%. Women whose sexual partners were noncondom users were four times more likely to believe that asking their partner to use a condom implied he was unfaithful, three times as likely to have a partner who resisted using condoms, three times more likely to receive AFDC, twice as likely to be sexually nonassertive, three times more likely to believe that it was not difficult to find an “eligible” African American man, and three times as likely to have had one sexual partner. HIV prevention tailored towards African American women should address these partner influences and gender‐related factors.
Timing of HIV Interventions on Reductions in Sexual Risk Among Adolescents
Authors: Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Gwadz Marya , Fernandez M. Isa , Srinivasan Shobha 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExamined the effectiveness of an HIV intervention program among 151 adolescents ages 13 to 24 years who were randomly assigned to (a) seven sessions of 1.5 hr each (10.5 hr); (b) three sessions of 3.5 hr each (10.5 hr); or (c) a no‐intervention condition. Using cognitive‐behavioral intervention strategies, social skills and HIV‐related beliefs, perceptions, and norms were targeted in both the three‐ and seven‐session, small‐group intervention conditions. Regression analysis indicated that over 3 months, the number of unprotected risk acts and the number of sexual partners were lower in the seven‐session condition compared to the other conditions. Factors mediating risk acts changed in a complex manner: For example, perceived vulnerability increased for those with initially lower vulnerability scores among youths in the seven‐session condition compared to others. Self‐approval of condom use was also higher for those with initially low scores in the seven‐session compared to the three‐session condition. Self‐efficacy for risk avoidance and condom use was significantly higher in the three‐session condition for those with initially low scores compared to other groups. On the role‐play measure, those with higher baseline scores in the low‐pressure situation improved significantly only in the three‐session intervention; in the high‐pressure situation, the participants reported significantly higher scores in the seven‐session intervention, and those with higher scores improved the most. Results suggest the importance of multisession HIV intervention programs to be delivered with fidelity in community settings.
Ecology, Community, and AIDS Prevention
Authors: Hobfoll Stevan E. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractI explore the role that may be played by an ecological view of AIDS prevention and AIDS‐related social concerns. The study of AIDS risk behavior and interventions designed to prevent AIDS have challenged Health Psychology's typically individualistic perspective. Issues of empowerment, psychological sense of community, interpersonal ties, resources, and culture are central to an understanding of risky sexual behavior and helping people to guard themselves from the threat of AIDS. However, despite Community Psychology's historical expertise in these areas, the field has only recently become involved in AIDS prevention efforts. I outline how resource‐based, ecological theories may prove more helpful in addressing the AIDS pandemic than the individual, cognitive theories that have typically been adopted. Sexual behavior and associated risk are tied not simply to people's personal behavior and thoughts but to the likelihood of disease exposure in their ethnic group, the power and choices associated with power in that group, and the alternative means available of meeting their overall sexual, romantic, economic, and social goals. As such, AIDS research and intervention must simultaneously address the individual, social, and cultural spheres if insights that can translate to meaningful change can be expected to occur.
Factors Influencing Condom Use Among African American Women: Implications for Risk Reduction Interventions
Authors: St. Lawrence Janet S. , Eldridge Gloria D. , Reitman David , Little Connie E. , Shelby Millicent C. , Brasfield Ted L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractExamined factors associated with condom use in a community‐based sample of 423 sexually active African American women. Measures were selected to reflect the components in prevailing models of health behavior. Condom users were higher on AIDS health priority, prevention attitudes, stage of change, behavioral intentions, reported more frequent and comfortable sexual communication with partners, perceived greater partner and peer approval for condom use, and reported that peers also used condoms. Women in exclusive relationships evidenced earlier stage of change, lower intentions to use condoms, fewer peers who engaged in preventive behaviors, perceived themselves to have lower risk, and had lower rates of condom use, higher education, and family income. Women in fluid relationships were at particularly high risk, with lower rates of condom use relative to women not in a relationship and greater sexual risk for HIV. Implications for HIV‐risk reduction interventions with African American women are discussed.
Self‐Efficacy to Use Condoms in Unmarried Latino Adults
Authors: Marín Barbara Vanoss , Tschann Jeanne M. , Gómez Cynthia A. , Gregorich Steve 
Published: March 2003

AbstractMeasures of self‐efficacy to use condoms can clarify the barriers to condom use Latinos encounter. A 20‐item scale, that differed slightly for men and women, and was based on extensive elicitation interviews, was used in a random digit dial household survey of 1,600 unmarried Latino adults in 10 states with large Latino populations. Self‐efficacy was related to condom use for both men and women. Factor analyses revealed five correlated factors: Regular Partner, Impulse Control, Partner Resistance, STD Thoughts, and Condom Discussion. Both men and women reported lowest self‐efficacy for impulse control and using condoms with a regular partner. Less‐educated men and women had lower self‐efficacy to discuss condoms, to manage partner resistance, to use condoms with a regular partner, and to control impulses, but there were few other demographic differences in self‐efficacy. The scale can be helpful in the design and evaluation of HIV prevention.
HIV Prevention with Male Prostitutes and Patrons of Hustler Bars: Replication of an HIV Preventive Intervention
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Klotz David , Eckholdt Haftan M. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe core objectives of this study were to document the process by which a community‐based organization replicated and adapted an experimentally developed intervention to its own use and to explore the effectiveness of that HIV prevention program for male prostitutes and other patrons in New York City “hustler” bars. The intervention model employed was based on previous research with gay men (Kelly, St. Lawrence, Diaz, et al., 1991; Kelly, St. Lawrence, Stevenson, et al., 1992) and inspired by diffusion of innovation theory (Rogers, 1995). The effects of the current intervention were assessed on a sample of 1,741 male prostitutes and bar patrons. Analyses indicated significant reductions in paid, unprotected sexual intercourse and oral sex following the intervention. Analyses further indicated that the data were partially consistent with the program's model, which specified that norms were the putative mediator of behavior change in the intervention. Also, the intervention's effects varied by bar and by participants' race/ethnicity. Data support the utility of the intervention model for an urban sample of men at high risk for HIV infection. The importance of exploring the mechanisms that underlie the intervention is discussed.
The prevalence of PTSD following the violent death of a child and predictors of change 5 years later
Authors: Murphy Shirley A. , Johnson L. Clark , Chung Ick‐Joong , Beaton Randal D. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn this study, we examined the violent death bereavement trajectories of 173 parents by following them prospectively for 5 years after their children's deaths by accident, suicide, homicide, or undetermined causes. Using latent growth curve methodology, we examined how the initial level of PTSD and the rate of change over time were influenced by 9 predictors: the deceased children's causes of death, parents' gender, self‐esteem, 3 coping strategies, perceived social support, concurrent levels of mental distress, and an intervention offered in early bereavement. Six of the nine factors predicted initial levels of PTSD: however, only parents' gender and perceived social support predicted change in PTSD over the 5‐year time. Five years postdeath, 3 times as many study mothers (27.7%) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and twice as many study fathers (12.5%) met diagnostic criteria for PTSD compared with the normative samples.
Newborn screening compared to clinical identification of biochemical genetic disorders
Authors: Waisbren S. E. , Read C. Y. , Ampola M. , Brewster T. G. , Demmer L. , Greenstein R. , Ingham C. L. , Korson M. , Msall M. , Pueschel S. , Seashore M. , Shih E. , Levy H. L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractA group of 28 patients with inherited metabolic disease (homocystinuria galactosaemia, maple syrup urine disease and biotinidase deficiency) diagnosed by screening were compared with a group of 17 similar patients identified clinically. The rate of hospitalization was similar for the two groups. The patients diagnosed clinically showed a higher incidence of mental retardation and their parents experienced greater stress and found greater difficulty in meeting their child's needs.
Psychopathology and sexual trauma in childhood and adulthood
Authors: Thompson Kevin M. , Crosby Ross D. , Wonderlich Stephen A. , Mitchell James E. , Redlin Jennifer , Demuth Gail , Smyth Joshua , Haseltine Beth 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis study evaluates the occurrence of psychopathology among 97 women who (1) experienced sexual abuse in childhood only, (2) were raped in adulthood only, (3) experienced both childhood sexual abuse and rape in adulthood, or (4) experienced no sexual trauma. Women were recruited from advertisements and assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview forDSM‐IV(SCID‐I/P) and the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale Self‐Report. Women who reported sexual trauma were significantly more likely to exhibit psychopathology than controls. Being sexually victimized in childhood and raped in adulthood was associated with a particular risk for substance dependence.
Deoxyuridine accumulation in urine in thymidine phosphorylase deficiency (MNGIE)
Authors: Fairbanks L. D. , Marinaki A. M. , Carrey E. A. , Hammans S. R. , Duley J. A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractWe report the presence of the unusual nucleoside deoxyuridine in the urine of a patient with mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) (MIM 603041) due to thymidine phosphorylase (TP:EC 2.4.2.4) deficiency. Thymidine, uracil and thymine were also elevated. We propose that inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by TMP leads to the accumulation of dUMP which may be degraded to deoxyuridine or metabolised to dUTP. Incorporation of dUTP into mtDNA may explain the multiple deletions characteristic of TP deficiency.
Assessment of psychological functioning in adolescent earthquake victims in Colombia using the MMPI‐A
Authors: Scott Ronald L. , Knoth Russell L. , Beltran‐Quiones Monica , Gomez Nelson 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe earthquake that hit Armenia, Colombia, on January 25, 1999, dramatically impacted the lives of thousands of people, including children and adolescents. This study used the Hispanic MMPI‐A to clinically assess for ongoing psychopathology in a group of 59 adolescent earthquake victims. Their scores on the basic, content, and supplementary scales of the instrument were compared to those of a control group of 62 Colombian adolescents with similar socioeconomic, educational, and ethnic backgrounds. The results showed no clinically significant elevations for the earthquake victims indicating that the disaster had not resulted in diagnosable psychopathology. When compared to controls, earthquake victims showed significant elevations on D, Pt, and Sc indicating that they were mildly affected (but within the normal range) by the earthquake. The results are discussed in the context of cultural factors and the contemporary disaster and resiliency literature.
Emotional experiencing in women with posttraumatic stress disorder: Congruence between facial expressivity and self‐report
Authors: Wagner Amy W. , Roemer Lizabeth , Orsillo Susan M. , Litz Brett T. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe congruence between facial expressivity and self‐report of emotion was examined among 11 women with sexual assault‐related PTSD and 8 women without PTSD, under both a neutral and a sexual assault prime condition. The PTSD group demonstrated some incongruities in emotional responding. Although the PTSD group was as facially expressive as the control group, they reported more arousal to the emotional stimuli. Further, an inverse relationship between negative facial expressivity and self‐report to negative stimuli was found for some variables for the PTSD group only, such that the less expressions they showed facially, the more negative they reported feeling. However, the overall pattern of results suggests fewer significant relationships between expression and experience than predicted.
Cognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women with PTSD: Preliminary findings
Authors: Kubany Edward S. , Hill Elizabeth E. , Owens Julie A. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper describes a treatment‐outcome study of Cognitive Trauma Therapy for Battered Women (CTT‐BW) with PTSD. Derived from psychological learning principles. CTT‐BW emphasizes the role of irrational beliefs and evaluative language in chronic PTSD. CTT‐BW includes trauma history exploration, PTSD psychoeducation, stress management, psychoeducation about dysfunctional self‐talk and self‐monitoring of self‐talk, exposure to abuse reminders, Cognitive Therapy for Trauma‐Related Guilt (E. S. Kubany & F. P. Manke, 1995), and modules on assertiveness, managing contacts with former partners, self‐advocacy strategies, and avoiding revictimization. Thirty‐seven ethnically diverse women were assigned to Immediate or Delayed CTT‐BW. PTSD remitted in 30 of 32 women who completed CTT‐BW. Gains were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. CTT‐BW was efficacious across ethnic backgrounds. Issues related to disseminability of CTT‐BW are discussed.
Genetic Counseling, Reproductive Behavior and Future Reproductive Intentions of People with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)
Authors: Ponder Maggie , Murton Frances , Hallowell Nina , Statham Helen , Green Josephine , Richards Martin 
Published: March 2003

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is a complex and variable inherited disorder. The complexity and variability present particular difficulty for genetic counseling. Thirty‐three people with NF1 of reproductive age were interviewed about their experience of genetic counseling, their past reproductive behavior and future intentions. One third reported having had no genetic counseling or not having it until after their first child. In part, this may be due to delay in diagnosis but also indicates poor access to genetic services. Only three people had ever been offered prenatal genetic testing and only one had accepted. Although testing is still technically difficult, the greatest deterrent to uptake of prenatal testing for NF1 is the variability of the disorder. However, six of the 17 people planning future pregnancies would want a test with a view to termination if necessary. Others would welcome testing in order to be prepared but not to terminate. We discuss some of the factors which influence reproductive decision making for people with NF1 and some of the difficulties in genetic counseling in such a variable and complex disorder.