bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground subsidence and polygon development due to thermokarst in the Lena-Aldan interfluve, eastern Siberia, revealed by satellite remote sensing data
Authors: Abe Takahiro , Iijima Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThermokarst development is a topographic change in the landscape that is commonly associated with permafrost degradation in ice-rich permafrost regions. The Lena-Aldan interfluvial area in Central Yakutia in eastern Siberia has undergone extensive thermokarst development in the last three decades, particularly in the vicinity of settlements. Despite the negative effects of thermokarst development on the inhabitants of these settlements, no quantitative observation methods have been developed to investigate the surface displacement due to thermokarst development over entire towns. This study utilized interferometric synthetic aperture radar to reveal ground-surface displacement associated with thermokarst near the settlements of selected towns. The findings showed that significant subsidence was detected in disturbed areas (farming and abundant arable land) near the towns. The magnitude of subsidence in the Tyungyulyu and Mayya areas was less than that in Churapcha and Amga. Polygon density in a defined area in each town was examined using high-resolution optical images. The polygon density in Churapcha was considerably lower than that in Mayya, whereas polygonal texture in some areas in Tyungyulyu and Amga was unclear. Spatial frequency analysis using satellite optical images showed clear differences in averaged spectrum models between well-developed and less-developed polygons, which may reflect trough depths and density of vegetation between polygons. Satellite-based subsidence maps and statistics describing polygon development may be useful for evaluating both initial and subsequent stages of thermokarst development.
Robotic distal gastrectomy plus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: optimal resection for simultaneous gastric cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreatic body
Authors: Ito Sunao , Sagawa Hiroyuki , Fujita Kohei , Saito Masaki , Harata Shinnosuke , Hayakawa Shunsuke , Saito Kenta , Tanaka Tatsuya , Morimoto Mamoru , Ogawa Ryo , Takahashi Hiroki , Matsuo Yoichi , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Organ-preserving surgery has recently gained increasing attention. However, performing the surgery for duplicated gastric and distal pancreatic tumors is difficult because of procedural complexity and concerns of remnant gastric necrosis. We present the first case of simultaneous robotic distal gastrectomy plus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy in a patient with overlapping gastric cancer and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm.

Case presentation
A 78-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric cancer in the middle stomach and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreatic body. Radical cure surgery was performed using the da Vinci Xi robotic system. Conventional distal gastrectomy was initially completed using near-infrared ray guidance when transecting the stomach. After dividing the pancreas, the parenchyma of the distal pancreas was detached from the splenic artery and vein; multiple branches from these splenic vessels were dissected. Indocyanine green imaging confirmed sufficient blood flow in the splenic vessels and perfusion of the remnant stomach. Ultimately, gastrointestinal reconstruction was performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful.

Conclusions
The robotic distal gastrectomy plus spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy procedure was safely performed. Compared to the total gastrectomy plus distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy procedure, this technique may improve the quality of dietary life, reduce weight loss, and prevent complications associated with splenectomy.
Improved synthesis of 6-bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine for clinical use
Authors: Okamura Toshimitsu , Kikuchi Tatsuya , Ogawa Masanao , Zhang Ming-Rong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), an energy-dependent efflux pump, is expressed widely in various tissues and contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes. 6-Bromo-7-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]7m6BP) is expected to be useful for the assessment of MRP1 activity in the human brain and lungs. However, the radiochemical yield (RCY) in the synthesis of [11C]7m6BP was low, limiting its clinical application, because the methylation of the precursor with [11C]CH3I provided primarily the undesired isomer, 6-bromo-9-[11C]methylpurine ([11C]9m6BP). To increase the RCY of [11C]7m6BP, we investigated conditions for improving the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity of the methylation reaction.

Results
[11C]7m6BP was manually synthesized via the methylation of 6-bromopurine with [11C]CH3I in various solvents and at different temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate for 5 min. Several less polar solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity from 1:1 to 2:1, compared with the conventionally used solvents for the alkylation of 6-halopurines, acetone, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide. However, a higher temperature (140 °C or 180 °C) was needed to progress the 11C-methylation in the less polar solvents, and the manual conditions could not be directly translated to an automated synthesis. [11C]Methyl triflate ([11C]CH3OTf) was thus used as a methylating agent to increase the conversion at a lower temperature. The 11C-methylation using [11C]CH3OTf at 100 °C proceeded efficiently in THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt with maintenance of the improved selectivity. Starting from 28 to 34 GBq [11C]CO2, [11C]7m6BP was produced with 2.3–2.6 GBq for THF, 2.7–3.3 GBq for AcOEt, and 2.8–3.9 GBq for 2-MeTHF at approximately 30 min after the end of bombardment (n = 3 per solvent). The isolated RCYs (decay corrected) for THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt were 24–28%, 29–35%, and 22–31% (n = 3), respectively.

Conclusions
The use of THF, 2-MeTHF, and AcOEt improved the [11C]7m6BP/[11C]9m6BP selectivity in the methylation reaction, and the improved method provided [11C]7m6BP with sufficient radioactivity for clinical use.
Preliminary monosodium glutamate-induced changes in mammary gland receptors and gene expression, water channel, oxidative stress, and some lactogenic biomarkers in lactating rats
Authors: Emmanuel Nachamada Solomon , Bako Ibrahim Gaya , Malgwi Ibrahim Samaila , Tanko Yusuf , Eze Ejike Daniel , Umar Hajara Ali , Aliyu Munira , Muhammad Abdulmalik , Mohammed Aliyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Changes induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) can negatively impact milk production and secretion, among other adverse effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG consumption on receptor gene expression and quantification of hormones and receptors, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers and other lactogenic parameters in lactating animals. Twenty-four female Wistar rats, nine weeks of age, were randomly assigned to four groups, each containing six rats, at parturition. The rats in groups II, III, and IV were given varying doses of monosodium glutamate (MSG); while, group I was given distilled water and served as the control. The experimental period lasted two (2) weeks.

Results
The groups administered with MSG showed a significant decrease in mammary PRLR gene expression (p < 0.05), as well as a marked reduction (p < 0.05) in mammary PRLR, OXT receptor, AQP-3, brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT), and pituitary SOD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in reactive oxygen species levels in the serum and mammary gland homogenates, erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and elevated (p < 0.05) brain and pituitary MDA levels in the MSG-administered groups compared to the control group. Daily milk yields were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the MSG-administered groups between days 10 and 14 of lactation.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that prolonged consumption of MSG could interfere with lactation-associated functions via increased ROS production, reduced antioxidants, decreased AQP-3, mammary prolactin and oxytocin receptors, and prolactin receptor mRNA in lactating Wistar rats.

Graphical Abstract
Differing radiation exposure in scrub technicians and rotating staff in Cardiac catheterization laboratory: occupation matters
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Nasir , Javed Maleeha , Adnan Ghufran , Khan Maria , Nizar Zeenat , Shah Izat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiation exposure is a significant hazard associated with invasive Cardiology, with most studies based on primary operator exposure. This prospective, observational study aimed to find out over lead radiation exposure as effective dose acquired by non-physician staff comprising scrub technicians and rotating staff in the cath laboratory. Effective dose (ED) measured per procedure via Raysafe i2®dosimeter badges worn by both rotating staff and scrub technicians over lead aprons along with dose area product (DAP), fluoroscopy time (FT) and procedure time (PT) in minutes was collected prospectively over forty-six invasive Cardiology procedures.ResultsThis study shows that rotating staff acquire higher ED in comparison with their scrub technician colleagues in diagnostic, interventional and electrophysiology cases. However, a statistically significant difference in radiation exposure of both staff groups was demonstrated in diagnostic and interventional Cardiology procedures, withpvalues of 0.04 and 0.01, respectively.ConclusionsThese findings highlight occupational role and mobility around fluoroscopic sources as major factors in radiation exposure, which should be addressed within current radiation protection practices.
Corporate social responsibility marketing; a way to firm performance; an empirical study: case of Egypt
Authors: El-Menawy Sara Mohamed Abdelaziz , El-Sayed Nehad Hosny Yusuf 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aims to clarify the impact that CSR marketing has on the firm performance. Benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility Marketing Activities Employed by Companies Explored through Website, Google Search, Annual Report, and Egyptian CSR Reports. This study employs exploratory and qualitative data acquired through several research methodologies to explore the benefits of Corporate Social Responsibility Marketing Activities Employed by Companies. The collected data are then used to develop an updated and critically analyzed explanatory framework, which establishes the link between financial performance and CSR marketing. The results indicate that the link between CSR and financial performance is strong. The study also provides relevant practical implications for organizations in developing nations, such as Egypt. It shows that adopting and implementing CSR programs can help companies gain competitive advantage. The significance of this study lies in its provision of empirical evidence regarding the influence of marketing practices related to environmental, social, and governance factors on the financial performance of Egyptian companies, specifically in relation to the sustainability index.
Research on quantitative inversion characterization of high-definition electrical imaging logging in oil-based mud based on backpropagation neural network and multiple population genetic algorithm-Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
Authors: Gao Jianshen , Ma Ya-Ni , Jiang Liming , Lu Chunli , Shi Juncheng 
Published: February 2024

Electrical imaging logging in oil-based mud (OBM) has been developed for some time and is gradually playing an important role in the description of deep carbonate and shale reservoirs. Quantitative characterization of reservoir rock parameters such as resistivity is one of the most innovative developments in this field. The development of this technology needs to address and resolve four core issues: a wide range of parameter variations, removal of mud-cake influence in low-resistivity formations, dielectric rollover in high-resistivity formations, and multifrequency dielectric dispersion effects. To address the aforementioned issues, the joint use of a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and the multiple population genetic algorithm (MPGA)-Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm for high-resolution quantitative imaging is developed. First, the numerical simulation is used to calculate the well-logging response data under the influence of multiple parameters, thereby establishing a forward response database. Then, within the forward response database, the instrument response function is fitted using BPNN, to compress the data volume. Next, based on the fitted response function, an inversion method for three parameters, including reservoir rock resistivity, permittivity, and plate standoff, is established using the LM algorithm optimized with MPGA. The results indicate that the use of a three-layer BPNN enables rapid and accurate calculation of the electrical imaging logging response in OBM. The calculation of a single point only requires 0.1 ms with an accuracy of more than 99%. The MPGA-LM algorithm exhibits stronger stability and improved inversion accuracy, with a single point inversion time of only 2 ms, and contributes to the high-definition quantitative description of electrical imaging logging in OBM, which is important in characterizing formation structures, distinguishing formation fractures, etc.
Probing the angular distribution of terrestrial cosmic-ray nuclei
Authors: Sedrati R. , Attallah R. , Bouchachi D. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Understanding how atmospheric cosmic-rays are distributed on Earth is crucial for simulating cosmic-ray setups and detectors for rare-event detection. The accuracy and reliability of such simulations and experiments depend on obtaining this information. This study focuses on analyzing the impact of key parameters in the PARMA model on the angular distributions of terrestrial cosmic-ray nuclei. These parameters include geomagnetic cut-off rigidity, atmospheric depth and solar activity. Moreover, angular distributions of various particles, including protons, electrons, neutrons, and muons, were systematically calculated over relevant rigidities, solar modulations, and altitudes. For this purpose, the latest version of the Excel-based Program for calculating Atmospheric Cosmic-ray Spectrum EXPACS (v.4.13), which relies on updated experimental data, was used. The results of the calculations showed clear trends in the angular distributions of all cosmic-ray species as a function of the model parameters. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of cosmic rays in our solar system. Moreover, they can contribute to developing more accurate models for predicting the distribution of cosmic rays on the Earth's surface.
Pair production by electromagnetic fields in a modified Robertson-Walker universe
Authors: Sogut Kenan , Salti Mustafa , Aydogdu Oktay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relativistic quantum dynamics of the spinless particles in a Robertson-Walker (RW) spacetime in the framework of gravity's rainbow (RG) when homogeneous electromagnetic fields exist. Exact solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation (KGE) are obtained and the amount of the created pairs is calculated by employing the Bogoliubov transformation method (BTM). The effects of homogeneous electromagnetic fields interacting with gravitational fields on particle production rate are discussed.
The Diagnostic Odyssey in Children and Adolescents With X-linked Hypophosphatemia: Population-Based, Case–Control Study
Authors: Boardman-Pretty Freya , Clift Ashley Kieran , Mahon Hadley , Sawoky Nadine , Mughal M Zulf 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare genetic disorder causing renal phosphate wasting, which predicates musculoskeletal manifestations such as rickets. Diagnosis is often delayed.

Objective
To explore the recording of clinical features, and the diagnostic odyssey of children and adolescents with XLH in primary care electronic healthcare records (EHRs) in the United Kingdom.

Methods
Using the Optimum Patient Care Research Database, individuals aged 20 years or younger after January 1, 2000, at date of recorded XLH diagnosis were identified using Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED)/Read codes and age-matched to 100 controls. Recording of XLH-related clinical features was summarized then compared between cases and controls using chi-squared or Fisher's exact test.

Results
In total, 261 XLH cases were identified; 99 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 84/99 had at least 1 XLH-related clinical feature recorded in their primary care EHR. Clinical codes for rickets, genu varum, and low phosphate were recorded prior to XLH diagnosis in under 20% of cases (median of 1, 1, and 3 years prior, respectively). Rickets, genu varum, low phosphate, nephrocalcinosis, and growth delay were significantly more likely to be recorded in cases.

Conclusion
This characterization of the EHR phenotypes of children and adolescents with XLH may inform future case-finding approaches to expedite diagnosis in primary care.
Association Between Race and Short-Term Outcomes Across 3988 Consecutive Single-Level Spinal Fusions
Authors: Borja Austin J. , Karsalia Ritesh , Chauhan Daksh , Gallagher Ryan S. , Malhotra Emelia G. , Punchak Maria A. , Na Jianbo , McClintock Scott D. , Marcotte Paul J. , Yoon Jang W. , Ali Zarina S. , Malhotra Neil R. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Race has implications for access to medical care. However, the impact of race, after access to care has been attained, remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to isolate the relationship between race and short-term outcomes across patients undergoing a single, common neurosurgical procedure.

METHODS:
In this retrospective cohort study, 3988 consecutive patients undergoing single-level, posterior-only open lumbar fusion at a single, multihospital, academic medical center were enrolled over a 6-year period. Among them, 3406 patients self-identified as White, and 582 patients self-identified as Black. Outcome disparities between all White patients vs all Black patients were estimated using logistic regression. Subsequently, coarsened exact matching controlled for outcome-mitigating factors; White and Black patients were exact-matched 1:1 on key demographic and health characteristics (matched n = 1018). Primary outcomes included 30-day and 90-day hospital readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits, reoperations, mortality, discharge disposition, and intraoperative complication.

RESULTS:
Before matching, Black patients experienced increased rate of nonhome discharge, readmissions, ED visits, and reoperations (all P < .001). After exact matching, Black patients were less likely to be discharged to home (odds ratio [OR] 2.68, P < .001) and had higher risk of 30-day and 90-day readmissions (OR 2.24, P < .001; OR 1.91, P < .001; respectively) and ED visits (OR 1.79, P = .017; OR 2.09, P < .001). Black patients did not experience greater risk of intraoperative complication (unintentional durotomy).

CONCLUSION:
Between otherwise homogenous spinal fusion cohorts, Black patients experienced unfavorable short-term outcomes. These disparities were not explained by differences in intraoperative complications. Further investigation must characterize and mitigate institutional and societal factors that contribute to outcome disparities.
Robust Charging Network Planning for Metropolitan Taxi Fleets
Authors: Godbersen Gregor , Kolisch Rainer , Schiffer Maximilian 
Published: February 2024

We study the robust charging station location problem for a large-scale commercial taxi fleet. Vehicles within the fleet coordinate on charging operations but not on customer acquisition. We decide on a set of charging stations to open to ensure operational feasibility. To make this decision, we propose a novel solution method situated between the location routing problems with intraroute facilities and flow refueling location problems. Additionally, we introduce a problem variant that makes a station sizing decision. Using our exact approach, charging stations for a robust operation of citywide taxi fleets can be planned. We develop a deterministic core problem employing a cutting plane method for the strategic problem and a branch-and-price decomposition for the operational problem. We embed this problem into a robust solution framework based on adversarial sampling, which allows for planner-selectable risk tolerance. We solve instances derived from real-world data of the metropolitan area of Munich containing 1,000 vehicles and 60 potential charging station locations. Our investigation of the sensitivity of technological developments shows that increasing battery capacities shows a more favorable impact on vehicle feasibility of up to 10 percentage points compared with increasing charging speeds. Allowing for depot charging dominates both of these options. Finally, we show that allowing just 1% of operational infeasibility risk lowers infrastructure costs by 20%. Funding: This work was partially funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Project 277991500]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2022.0207 .
Job interviews: how to be your best
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: February 2024

There is fierce competition for jobs as a healthcare assistant (HCA) or assistant practitioner (AP), so it is important to be well prepared for the interview process. Nowadays, job interviews can be conducted in person or online; in either case, the candidate needs to dress and act professionally, and to attend in good time, to impress the interviewer/s. Where the interview is being held online, it is the candidate's responsibility to make sure, in advance, that the technology works. Look at the job specification to ensure you have the skills needed. Practice your answers with a friend/colleague in advance.