bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of environmental histories to investigate patterns of larval radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata) growth and selective survival in a large bay of Newfoundland
Authors: Baumann Hannes , Pepin Pierre , Davidson Fraser J.M , Mowbray Fran , Schnack Dietrich , Dower John F 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
We used otolith microstructure analysis to reconstruct the growth histories of larval radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata) collected over a 2-week period in Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. A dynamic 3-dimensional, eddy-resolving circulation model of the region provided larval drift patterns, which were combined with measurements of temperature and zooplankton abundance to assess the environmental history of the larvae. The abundance of juvenile and adult capelin (Mallotus villosus), the dominant planktivorous fish in this area, was monitored using five hydroacoustic surveys. The goal was to determine whether environmental histories are helpful in explaining spatial and temporal differences in larval shanny growth, measured as cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of growth rates. We found evidence for a selective loss of slower growing individuals and recognized considerable spatial differences in the CDF of larval growth rates. Consistent patterns in capelin abundance suggested that faster growing survivors, sampled at the end of the 2-week period, developed in areas of low predator densities. A dome-shaped relationship between temperature and larval growth was observed, explaining a significant but small amount of the overall variability (14%). Effects of experienced prey concentrations on larval growth rates could not be demonstrated.
Development of wild Atlantic salmon stocks in the rivers of the northern Baltic Sea in response to management measures
Authors: Romakkaniemi A , Perä I , Karlsson L , Jutila E , Carlsson U , Pakarinen T 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
Since 1980, the abundance of wild Atlantic salmon has been monitored by means of catch records, adult counts, electrofishing and smolt trapping in six rivers flowing into the northern Baltic Sea. River abundance (spawners, parr and smolts) was compared with implemented large-scale and river-specific management measures and with natural factors potentially affecting abundance. Since the 1980s, the wild stocks have recovered in a synchronous cyclical pattern. The recovery occurred mainly in two jumps, first a sudden increase dating back to around 1990 and a second sharp rise in the late 1990s. River abundance of young salmon commonly rose about 10-fold and approached the previously estimated production capacity in some of the rivers. This positive development may be explained by a decline in fishing pressure together with covarying natural factors influencing survival and growth. The offshore fishery started to decline at the time of the first increase, while the reduction in the total allowable catches together with seasonal restrictions on the coastal fishery strengthened the second increase. Improved natural conditions seem to have increased both survival and escapement during the first rise. Spawners producing the second rise were the offspring of the spawners of the first rise. The outbreak of the M74 mortality syndrome among alevins reduced the abundance of several year-classes that hatched during the first half of the 1990s. In most rivers, the fraction of older and female fish in the spawning run has increased over the period, thereby increasing the reproductive capacity of the populations. No distinct effects of variations in river-specific management regimes were observed. Instead, the results emphasize the role of fisheries management in the open sea as well as in coastal waters, and also of non-human factors in controlling overall abundance of wild salmon in northern Baltic rivers.
Ocean thermal conditions in the post-smolt nursery of North American Atlantic salmon
Authors: Friedland Kevin D , Reddin David G , Castonguay Martin 
Published: July 2003

Abstract
The effect of climate on the post-smolt survival of North American Atlantic salmon is obscure owing to the difficulty in interpreting the only relationships thus far observed between the abundance of these stocks and climate, which focuses on winter conditions. Placing significance on winter post-smolt survival is contrary to conventional thinking that the spring period is more important, because that is when the post-smolts migrate to sea and transition to ocean life takes place. The pre-fishery abundance for North American stocks was compared to thermal conditions in potential post-smolt nursery areas during the period 1982–1999. Pre-fishery abundance was modeled as a reconstruction of one-sea-winter (1SW) and two-sea-winter (2SW) age salmon populations. Cohort abundance was compared to mean temperature and thermal habitat (sea surface area within a given temperature range) in five index areas. Stock size was negatively correlated with mean sea surface temperature during June. Correlations were comparatively stronger between stock abundance and thermal habitat, further asserting that June conditions – the first month at sea for most stocks in the region – may be pivotal to survival. These correlations suggest that post-smolt survival is negatively affected by the early arrival of warm ocean conditions in the nursery area. Hypotheses related to post-smolt migration, predation, and the availability of suitable prey are discussed.
Fine-scale linkages between the diving behaviour of Antarctic fur seals and oceanographic features in the southern Indian Ocean
Authors: Lea Mary-Anne , Dubroca Laurent 
Published: July 2003

AbstractDiving activity, foraging locations and pup provisioning behaviour of 10 female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) were examined with respect to a range of oceanographic parameters (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll distribution and bathymetry) at the Kerguelen Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean in February 2000. A multivariate analysis of the environmental parameters at each of the nightly foraging locations indicated the existence of two ecoregions within the foraging range of the seals. Five seals actively foraged in oceanic waters (1870 m) with relatively warm surface water (5.4°C) to the north and east of the colony (ecoregion 1), while four others travelled to the southeast (ecoregion 2) to waters typical of the surface expression of the Polar Front (3.7°C) located over the continental shelf break (597 m). Only one seal foraged in both regions. Diving behaviour, parameterised on a nightly basis using seven variables, clearly differed between regions, with the diving activity in the warmer ecoregion 1 being characterised by deep dives (55 m), and relatively little time spent diving (47%). Conversely, dives within ecoregion 2 were, on average, to shallower depths (34.5 m), and proportionately more time was spent diving (54%). Despite differences in environmental conditions encountered and associated differences in diving activity, the foraging success of mothers, in terms of daily pup mass gain per foraging cycle, was similar in both ecoregions. The study highlights the use of multivariate analysis in categorising the foraging zones and behaviour of Antarctic fur seals.
Are gap junction membrane plaques implicated in intercellular vesicle transfer?
Authors: Gruijters W.T.M. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractGap junction channels are concentrated in specialised plaques of plasma membrane where cells are in close apposition. In this communication evidence is provided showing that these specialised regions of membrane also provide a site for vesicular transfer between cells. Vesicle distribution in eye lenses was found to generally reflect the reported distribution of gap junction membrane plaques. In certain areas of the lens gap junction membrane plaques and vesicles could be seen to form combined, complex structures. Ultrastructure of the vesicle and gap junction membrane plaque complexes was consistent with the vesicles moving through membrane plaques from one lens fibre cell to the next. To investigate whether transport of substances was consistent with intercellular vesicle transfer, transport of various markers was investigated. Time course experiments showing the rate of uptake of various markers into the lens did not show dramatic differences for molecules smaller or larger then gap junction pores formed by connexons. While considered as a primary intercellular transport mechanism in the lens, connexon pores were not the sole agent mediating the observed transport. Other reported mechanisms of intercellular transport in the lens can only account for the movement of relatively small molecules. Vesicular transport may therefore be a major form of transport into the outer lens layers for larger molecules. Implicit in these observations is a new hypothesis for intercellular vesicle movement via gap junction membrane plaques. Intercellular vesicle movement could possibly provide a path for large molecules associated with intact vesicles to be transported into the eye lens tissue.
Isolation and characterization of a gene for a repetitive proline rich protein (OsPRP) down‐regulated during submergence in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Akiyama Takashi , Pillai M. Arumugam 
Published: July 2003

Differential screening was performed on a cDNA library made from RNAs isolated from rice seedlings (variety Yukihikari) grown in submergence condition. A cDNA clone (OsPRP) encoding a repetitive proline‐rich protein of 358 amino acids and molecular weight of 39 kDa was obtained. The C‐terminal region of OsPRP contains proline (P) residues (40%), and high levels of glutamic acid (E) and lysine (K). The N‐terminus was free from proline residues. Sequence analysis indicated that 40 distinct PEPK repetitive sequence motifs were present in the sequence along with other repetitive motifs. Furthermore, four phosphorylation sites were predicted from the sequence. The domain structure of OsPRP was compared with proline‐rich proteins from other monocot species. The N‐terminus of OsPRP is highly hydrophobic indicating the presence of a signal peptide. Southern blot data indicate that in the Yukihikari genome OsPRP is most likely encoded by a single gene. The expression of OsPRP was relatively uniform in the young seedlings. However, tissue‐specific expression of OsPRP indicated that shoot tissue accumulates more mRNA, and the root has relatively low expression. In addition, OsPRP expression is regulated by various environmental factors and is down‐regulated under submergence stress. Exogenous application of growth hormones, namely abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and ethephon caused significant repression of the OsPRP transcript. The nucleotide sequence reported in this paper has been reported to the NCBI, GenBank under accession number AF 337054.
Early detection of implant healing process using resonance frequency analysis
Authors: Huang Haw‐Ming , Chiu Ching‐Lai , Yeh Ching‐Ying , Lin Che‐Tong , Lin Li‐Hsiang , Lee Sheng‐Yang 
Published: July 2003

Abstract:In this study,in vitroandin vivomodels were adopted for assessing the application of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) in the early detection of implant stability. In thein vitrotests, RF values of implants placed in bone block with predrilled cavities of 3.75 and 5.0 mm were measured and compared. Stone was used to fill the inter‐space between implants and the bone blocks. Our results showed that poor initial stability conditions contributed to a lower initial RF (IRF) value (5.41±0.32 kHz) and a longersimulatedhealing period (41 min) than that of well‐fitted conditions (9.63±0.34 kHz for IRF, 14 min for thesimulatedhealing period,P<0.05). To validate suchin vitrotests, animal models were also performed. Implants were placed in the left tibias of six rabbits using a general surgery procedure. The modal testing method was used to test the RF values of the implants. The RF values of the implants increased significantly (P<0.05) during the healing period and reached a plateau when the implant–bone interface was united. The variations of RF values of the testing implants showed a similar trend to the results ofin vitrotests, i.e., implants with higher initial RF values had shortersimulatedhealing times. Based on these findings, we concluded that RFA is a reliable and accurate method for early assessment of the osseointegration process.
Hard tissue reaction to dual acid‐etched titanium implants: influence of plaque accumulation. A histological study in humans
Authors: Kohal Ralf J. , Bächle Maria , Emmerich Dominik , Beschnidt Sven M. , Strub Jörg R. 
Published: July 2003

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate histologically, histometrically, and histomorphometrically the influence of plaque accumulation on the peri‐implant hard tissues.Material and methods: Twelve fully edentulous subjects were selected for this investigation. Four to five standard titanium screw implants were placed interforaminally. Two small custom‐made screw implants were incorporated in the region of the former first molar, one in each lower quadrant. One month after abutment connection, plaque control was terminated randomly at one of the custom‐made implants and continued at the other implant. The custom‐made implants and the surrounding tissue were harvested after different time points of plaque accumulation (7, 21, or 90 days). Thus, according to the plaque control program and implant removal time, there were six groups each with four implants for investigation. After histologic processing of the biopsies, histologic, histometric, and histomorphometric analyses were performed.Results: Four of the 24 implants were unavailable for analysis. One implant was mobile at abutment connection and another implant was mobile 2 weeks after abutment connection; both implants had to be removed. The bone around two implants was destroyed during the removal with the trephine bur; therefore, these two implants could not be evaluated histologically either. No differences in the histologic appearance of the peri‐implant bone between the different groups could be observed. Histomorphometrically, the implant surface in contact with mineralized bone as a fraction of the implant surface (measured from the buccal to the lingual implant shoulder) varied between 59% and 73%. The implant surface in contact with mineralized bone from the first bone‐to‐implant contact buccally to the first bone‐to‐implant contact lingually varied between 80.6% and 91.5%. The values for the distance from the implant shoulder to the first bone‐to‐implant contact, i.e. peri‐implant bone loss, varied from 1.1 to 2.2 mm. No statistically significant differences could be found between any of the evaluated variables.Conclusions: This clinical investigation is the first to evaluate the hard tissue reactions to different plaque accumulation periods. Within the limits of this experiment, it can be concluded that the bone reaction toward the different plaque accumulation periods and in the different plaque control/accumulation groups were similar. It can be further concluded that the observed bone loss is rather attributed to the establishment of the biologic width than to plaque accumulation.
Primary treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: outcome related to remission pretransplant
Authors: Andersen Niels S. , Pedersen Lone , Elonen Erkki , Johnson Anna , Kolstad Arne , Franssila Kaarle , Langholm Ruth , Ralfkiær Elisabeth , Åkerman Måns , Eriksson Mikael , Kuittinen Outi , Geisler Christian H. ,   for the Nordic Lymphoma Group
Published: July 2003

Abstract:Objectives: The aim of the first Nordic mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) protocol was to study the clinical significance of an augmented CHOP induction chemotherapy followed by high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to examine the prognostic significance of stem cell contamination rates in newly diagnosed patients with MCL.Patients and methods: Forty‐one newly diagnosed patients below 66 yr were enrolled and given three series of an augmented CHOP regimen. Responders underwent stem cell mobilization with a fourth course of CHOP, stem cell harvest and ASCT. Stem cell purging was optional in the protocol and followed the routine of each participating centre. The number of tumour cells in the reinfused autografts was estimated by flow cytometry or quantitative PCR.Results: Induction therapy led to complete remission (CR) in 11 of 41 patients (27%), partial remission (PR) in 20 of 41 patients (49%) and no response in nine patients (22%), whereas one patient was not evaluable. Twenty‐seven of the 31 responders underwent ASCT and 24 achieved or maintained a CR. The overall and failure‐free 4‐yr survival on intention‐to‐treat basis were 51% and 15%, respectively. Among the transplanted patients, a significantly increased failure‐free (P < 0.03) and overall survival (P = 0.03) was noted among patients transplanted in CR compared with PR, respectively. By contrast, reinfusion of highly variable numbers of tumour cells with the autografts (range 0.71–80 × 106 tumour cells), did not affect outcome.Conclusion: In MCL, an important strategy to improve the outcome will be to intensify the induction chemotherapy.
Gelatinases (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9), TIMP‐1 expression and the extent of neovascularization in aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Kuittinen Outi , Apaja‐Sarkkinen Meeri , Turpeenniemi‐Hujanen Taina 
Published: July 2003

Abstract:Objectives:  The present study was carried out to clarify the role of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and ‐9 (MMP‐2 and MMP‐9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and the extent of neovascularization in the clinicopathologic behavior of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas.Methods:  Paraffin‐embedded histologic sections from 57 patients with aggressive non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas were stained with MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and factor VIII antibodies to correlate the expression of these markers to the clinical disease characteristics.Results:  Strong MMP‐9 staining was found to be an adverse prognostic factor among patients with aggressive B‐cell lymphomas, the probabilities for 5‐yr disease‐free survival being 73%, 63%, 50%, and 0% in patients with grades 0, 1, 2, and 3 staining, respectively. Among the patients with strong (grades 2 and 3) MMP‐9 staining, however, positivity for TIMP‐1 indicated a trend toward a more favorable prognosis. TIMP‐1 expression also correlated with the immunoblastic and anaplastic lymphoma subtypes. The expression of the proteins for MMP‐2 and factor VIII had no independent prognostic role. None of the study parameters correlated with disease stage, the occurrence of extranodal infiltrates, the occurrence of bulky tumor, or the IPI scores.Conclusions:  Positivity for MMP‐9 immunoreactive protein is an independent sign of an unfavorable prognosis in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. This is not mediated through influences in tumor dissemination or neovascularization indicating it to carry other important biological functions.
Danaparoid for heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: an analysis of treatment failures
Authors: Kodityal Sandeep , Manhas Amit H , Udden Mark , Rice Lawrence 
Published: July 2003

Abstract:Background: Patients with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) (with or without thrombosis) require alternative anticoagulation because of their extreme risk of new thromboembolic complications. The first effective agent for this purpose may be danaparoid, a less‐sulfated low molecular weight heparinoid. Recently, direct thrombin inhibitors have been used.Objective: Five HIT patients, who developed new thromboembolic complications while receiving danaparoid, were analyzed to consider possible reasons for treatment failure and to promulgate strategies that improve efficacy.Results: Three patients had acute HIT, one had recent HIT, and one with remote HIT was re‐exposed to heparin during heart surgery. Danaparoid was started as intravenous bolus and infusion in one patient, and as 1250 units subcutaneously twice daily in four patients. The new complications that emerged on danaparoid were new venous thrombi in three patients (one with pulmonary emboli), lower extremity arterial thrombosis in one, myocardial ischemia in one, thromboembolic cardiovascular accidents in one, and fatal bowel necrosis in one (two patients suffered more than one complication). Platelet counts did not improve or worsened in four, improved partially in the other, and parameters of disseminated intravascular coagulation failed to improve in one patient. Four patients responded relatively dramaticaly when direct thrombin inhibitors were substituted. Possible reasons for danaparoid failure include that: 1) no treatment is expected to completely prevent complications, 2) antithrombin III consumption can blunt efficacy in some patients, 3) low or intermediate doses may be insufficient, and 4) there was clinically significant cross‐reactivity of the pathogenic HIT antibodies.Conclusions: It is emphasized that the possibility of clinically significant antibody cross‐reactivity and that low or intermediate dosage may be inadequate when using danaparoid in therapy of HIT. The latter problem probably extrapolates to other anticoagulants used for HIT.
The war between the malaria parasite and the immune system: immunity, immunoregulation and immunopathology
Authors: ARTAVANIS-TSAKONAS K , TONGREN J E , RILEY E M 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYThroughout history malaria has proved to be a significant threat to human health. Between 300 and 500 million clinical cases occur each year worldwide, approximately 2 million of which are fatal, primarily in children. The vast majority of malaria-related deaths are due to infection with Plasmodium falciparum; P. vivax causes severe febrile illness but is rarely fatal. Following repeated exposure to infection, people living in malaria endemic areas gradually acquire mechanisms to limit the inflammatory response to the parasite that causes the acute febrile symptoms (clinical immunity) as well as mechanisms to kill parasites or inhibit parasite replication (antiparasite immunity). Children, who have yet to develop protective immune mechanisms are thus at greater risk of clinical malaria, severe disease and death than adults. However, two epidemiological observations indicate that this is, perhaps, an oversimplified model. Firstly, cerebral malaria – a common manifestation of severe malaria – typically occurs in children who have already acquired a significant degree of antimalarial immunity, as evidenced by lower mean parasite densities and resistance to severe anaemia. One potential explanation is that cerebral malaria is, in part, an immune-mediated disease in which immunological priming occurs during first infection, eventually leading to immunopathology on re-infection. Secondly, among travelers from nonendemic areas, severe malaria is more common – and death rates are higher – in adults than in children. If severe malaria is an immune-mediated disease, what might be priming the immune system of adults from nonendemic areas to cause immunopathology during their first malaria infection, and how do adults from endemic areas avoid severe immunopathology? In this review we consider the role of innate and adaptive immune responses in terms of (i) protection from clinical malaria (ii) their potential role in immunopathology and (iii) the subsequent development of clinical immunity. We conclude by proposing a model of antimalarial immunity which integrates both the immunological and epidemiological data collected to date.