bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and prediction of tensile properties of 3D‐printed continuous carbon/Kevlar fiber‐filled composites by coaxial hybrid process
Authors: Liu Peng , Hou Zhanghao , Tian Xiaoyong , Zhu Weijun , Wang Chuanyang , He Jin , Li Dichen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractContinuous hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites (CHFRCs) have excellent mechanical properties, and strong designability, and are widely used in aerospace and other fields. The development of 3D printing technology offers novel directions in the design and manufacture of complicated CHFRC components in aerospace. For this purpose, this study focused on the design and characterization of hybrid continuous fiber‐reinforced composites prepared by 3D printing. The rapid mold‐free integrated manufacturing of hybrid continuous Kevlar/carbon fiber‐reinforced composites was realized by coaxial hybrid 3D printing technology. The regulation and mechanism of tensile properties of 3D‐printed CHFRCs were elucidated. The tensile strengths of 3D‐printed CHFRCs were enhanced by up to 15.3% and 92.4%, respectively, compared to single continuous carbon and Kevlar fiber composites produced by the same process parameter. A new tensile modulus predicting method for 3D‐printed CHFRCs was proposed. It mitigated the influence of complex interfacial characteristics on mechanical property prediction and achieved precise estimation of the tensile modulus of 3D‐printed CHFRCs. This will provide the theoretical support for the application and development of 3D‐printed CHFRCs.Highlights
Mouldless rapid manufacturing of coaxial hybrid fiber composites achieved.
The tensile strength and modulus of the fiber composites are greatly improved.
A new prediction method for the tensile modulus of 3D‐printed composites is proposed.
Investigation on enhancement of filler dispersion and prediction of mechanical behavior of hexagonal boron nitride/epoxy nanocomposites through machine learning and deep learning models
Authors: Varughese Jerrin Joy , M. S. Sreekanth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) based nanocomposites exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal properties for various electronics, automotive, and aerospace applications. The present work gives a novel approach to fabricating hexagonal boron nitride/epoxy nanocomposites using isopropanol and dimethyl ketone as dispersants in two different routes and to predict mechanical characteristics employing deep learning and machine learning models. Nanocomposites were fabricated by employing casting techniques with varying concentrations of hBN, spanning from 0.25 to 1 wt%, utilizing dispersing solvents. The nanocomposites were analyzed for mechanical behavior, highlighting a notable improvement in the mechanical properties at 0.5 wt% isopropanol dispersed hBN. It showcased 61% improvement in tensile strength, 38.41% increase in flexural strength, and 35.80% increase in flexural modulus respectively as compared to the pristine epoxy. The Halpin Tsai analytical model showed agreement with the elastic modulus calculated experimentally. The fractured SEM micrograph supported the improved dispersion of the hBN nanocomposite. Thermal stability of 0.5 wt% isopropanol dispersed hBN/epoxy nanocomposite revealed an improvement by 8°C at 50% degradation as compared to the pristine epoxy. Linear regression, random forest regression, support vector regression, and deep neural network (DNN) were employed to predict values. DNN proved better results by showcasing low prediction loss and high R2 values (0.99468–0.99966).Highlights
hBN/epoxy nanocomposite with isopropanol and dimethyl ketone as dispersants.
0.5% hBN loading in isopropanol exhibited improved mechanical characteristics.
The Halpin Tsai model was employed for evaluating theoretical elastic modulus.
Improved thermal stability and filler dispersion by optimized hBN/epoxy combination.
Deep neural network showed higher R2 value and lower prediction loss.
A 3D viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of carbon nanotube‐reinforced polymers: Constitutive model and experimental characterization
Authors: Yazdanparast Reza , Rafiee Roham 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to the widespread use of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced polymers in various industries, investigating the dynamic mechanical response of these materials under impact loading is of significant importance. A three‐dimensional viscoelastic (VE)–viscoplastic (VP) constitutive model for CNT/epoxy nanocomposites is developed. A proper rheological model is established using the generalized Maxwell model to represent the VE behavior and propose an exponential function to express the elasto‐VP response. Employing an empirical logarithmic relationship to estimate material properties at different strain rates, the VP behavior is modeled based on the overstress concept. The 3D numerical discretization of the proposed rate‐dependent material model is also carried out to develop a user‐defined material model (UMAT) for the commercial finite element (FE) software of Abaqus. The performed FE simulations based on the proposed rate‐dependent constitutive material can properly capture stress relaxation and hysteresis behaviors of the nanocomposites. Comparing the estimated tensile and shear stress–strain curves through developed material models with experimental measurements, an excellent agreement is observed.Highlights
Tensile/shear properties of CNT/epoxy are measured at three strain rates.
An empirical constitutive model is proposed for any arbitrary strain rates
Viscoplastic behavior is captured based on over‐stress concept
A 3D incremental form of a viscoelastic–viscoplastic material model is developed.
Feasibility study on thermo‐mechanical performance of 3D printed and annealed coir fiber powder/polylactic acid eco‐friendly biocomposites
Authors: Bright Brailson Mansingh , Binoj Joseph Selvi , Hassan Shukur Abu , Wong Wai Leong Eugene , Suryanto Heru , Liu Shengjie , Goh Kheng Lim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe enhancement of the mechanical and thermal characteristics of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced by coir fiber powder (CFP) has been investigated by varying the weight percentage (wt%) of the reinforcement and annealing process. CFP/PLA composite filaments with CFP compositions of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% were fabricated. These filaments were used to print CFP/PLA test specimens. The specimens were annealed at 90°C for 120 min in a hot air oven followed by cooling at room temperature. Mechanical, morphological, crystalline, and thermal characterizations were conducted on these specimens. The tensile and flexural strength of neat PLA were observed as 49.7 and 82.4 MPa which decreased by 6.4% and 8.13% respectively for printed composite specimens with 0.5 wt% CFP as reinforcement material. On the other hand, the annealed CFP/PLA composite specimen, with 0.1 wt% CFP as a reinforcement material, demonstrated higher tensile and flexural strength. Specifically, it exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 56.4 MPa and a maximum flexural strength of 92.9 MPa, which are 13.5% and 12.7% higher, respectively, than neat PLA. These strengths are 15.5% and 16.7% higher, respectively, than those of the unannealed CFP/PLA composite specimen with the same wt% of CFP reinforcement. The annealing process increased the crystallinity of composites by enhancing the crystallinity index (63%) and crystalline size (6.7 nm). The high thermal stability of composites (with a glass transition temperature of 256°C) makes them suitable for applications in food and medical packaging.Highlights
Enhancement of thermo‐mechanical characteristics of 3D printed bio‐composites.
Annealing process improved mechanical features of 3D printed bio‐composites.
Annealed composite with 0.1 wt% as reinforcement demonstrated better properties.
SEM and XRD studies confirmed failure mechanisms and crystalline structure.
Thermal and mechanical assets favor its utilization in food wrapping applications.
Compatibility of the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Trichoplusia ni SNPV against the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni: crop plant matters
Authors: Deschodt Pauline S , Cory Jenny S 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial insecticides are an important weapon in insect pest management, but their use is still relatively limited. One approach for increasing their efficacy and use could be to combine different pathogens to increase pest mortality. However, little is known about whether increasing pathogen diversity will improve pest management. Here, we investigated the compatibility of two pathogens for the management of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, T. ni nucleopolyhedrovirus (TniSNPV) and the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, on two crops, tomato and broccoli. The pathogens were applied to individual plants using ultra low volume sprays, alone or in combination, either synchronously or asynchronously. Healthy third‐instar T. ni larvae were introduced to the plants before application and collected by destructive sampling 24 h after the last pathogen application.RESULTSCombined applications did not result in an increase in larval mortality compared to TniSNPV alone, although mortality was generally high. B. bassiana was considerably less effective on broccoli compared to tomato. In both the combined treatments, virus‐induced mortality was approximately 50% lower when applied together with the fungus, while fungus‐induced mortality was not affected by the virus, even when the virus was introduced 24 h before the fungus.CONCLUSIONWhile our results suggest that applying this combination of entomopathogens would not be beneficial for pest management, this study illustrates the need to consider the target crop as an important driver of the efficacy of both single and mixed pathogen applications in the field. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the Pacific Islands: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kharwadkar Sahil , Herath Nipun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDengue, Zika and chikungunya outbreaks pose a significant public health risk to Pacific Island communities. Differential diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping clinical features and limited availability of laboratory diagnostic facilities. There is also insufficient information regarding the complications of these arboviruses, particularly for Zika and chikungunya. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in the Pacific Islands. Based on pooled prevalence estimates, clinical features that may help to differentiate between the arboviruses include headache, haemorrhage and hepatomegaly in dengue; rash, conjunctivitis and peripheral oedema in Zika; and the combination of fever and arthralgia in chikungunya infections. We estimated that the hospitalisation and mortality rates in dengue were 9.90% (95% CI 7.67–12.37) and 0.23% (95% CI 0.16–0.31), respectively. Severe forms of dengue occurred in 1.92% (95% CI 0.72–3.63) of reported cases and 23.23% (95% CI 13.58–34.53) of hospitalised patients. Complications associated with Zika virus included Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS), estimated to occur in 14.08 (95% CI 11.71–16.66) per 10,000 reported cases, and congenital brain malformations such as microcephaly, particularly with first trimester maternal infection. For chikungunya, the hospitalisation rate was 2.57% (95% CI 1.30–4.25) and the risk of GBS was estimated at 1.70 (95% CI 1.06–2.48) per 10,000 reported cases. Whilst ongoing research is required, this systematic review enhances existing knowledge on the clinical manifestations of dengue, Zika and chikungunya infections and will assist Pacific Island clinicians during future arbovirus outbreaks.
Privacy and security trade‐off in cyber‐physical systems: An information theory‐based framework
Authors: Wu Lihan , Wang Haojun , Liu Kun , Zhao Liying , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the trade‐off between privacy and security in cyber‐physical systems, with the goal of designing a privacy‐preserving mechanism based on information theory. Considering the unreliability of the communication channel, we assume that the private data is vulnerable to eavesdropping and bias injection attacks. To maintain privacy, the system is equipped with a privacy‐preserving mechanism achieved by injecting Gaussian‐type privacy noise into transmitted data, which inevitably leads to degraded detecting performance. Therefore, we investigate the trade‐off between privacy level and detection performance, where the privacy level and the detection performance are measured by mutual information and Kullback–Leibler divergence, respectively. Then, the optimal privacy noise is obtained by solving a convex optimization problem for maximizing the privacy degree and constraining a bound on detection performance degradation. Furthermore, to optimize the detection performance, another convex optimization problem is proposed to minimize both the false alarm rate and the missed alarm rate while guaranteeing a level of the privacy. Finally, a numerical example of the vehicle tracking problem is adopted to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed framework.
Copper Deposition in Polydopamine Nanostructure to Promote Cuproptosis by Catalytically Inhibiting Copper Exporters of Tumor Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chang Jiao , Yin Weimin , Zhi Hui , Chen Shiyu , Sun Jiuyuan , Zhao Yuge , Huang Li , Xue Liangyi , Zhang Xiaoyou , Zhang Tingting , Dong Haiqing , Li Yongyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCuproptosis is an emerging programmed cell death, displaying great potential in cancer treatment. However, intracellular copper content to induce cuproptosis is unmet, which mainly ascribes to the intracellular pumping out equilibrium mechanism by copper exporter ATP7A and ATP7B. Therefore, it is necessary to break such export balance mechanisms for desired cuproptosis. Mediated by diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) coordination, herein a strategy to efficiently assemble copper ions into polydopamine nanostructure (PDA‐DTC/Cu) for reprogramming copper metabolism of tumor is developed. The deposited Cu2+ can effectively trigger the aggregation of lipoylated proteins to induce cuproptosis of tumor cells. Beyond elevating intracellular copper accumulation, PDA‐DTC/Cu enables to break the balance of copper metabolism by disrupting mitochondrial function and restricting the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy supply, thus catalytically inhibiting the expressions of ATP7A and ATP7B of tumor cells to enhance cuproptosis. Meanwhile, the killed tumor cells can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate the immune response. Besides, PDA‐DTC/Cu NPs can promote the repolarization of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs ) to relieve the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). Collectively, PDA‐DTC/Cu presented a promising “one stone two birds” strategy to realize copper accumulation and inhibit copper export simultaneously to enhance cuproptosis for 4T1 murine breast cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of the acid degradation properties of colloidal nanosilica‐based cement pastes
Authors: Muthu Murugan , Sadowski Łukasz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of colloidal nanosilica on the performance of cement paste samples exposed to nitric acid for a continuous period of 28 days. Compressive strength and weight losses in paste samples as a result of this attack were determined to be 66% and 27%. The inclusion of nanosilica up to 6% by weight reduced these sample losses by densifying the microstructure with its pore filling and pozzolanic effects. The addition of nanosilica decreased the flow of cement paste by 30%, but improved compressive and flexural strengths at the end of 28 days by up to 45% and 118%. The acid attack on the cement sample resulted in the formation of a degraded layer surrounding the unaltered core material. X‐ray tomography images showed this zone formation, and the scanning electron microscopy images revealed the degraded microstructure. The results of the x‐ray diffraction and nanoindentation tests confirmed the complete decalcification of the main cement hydrates, including calcium silicate hydrate and portlandite, as a result of acid attack. The results obtained suggest that the incorporation of nanosilica strengthens the microstructure of the cement matrix, thus improving the service life of structural concrete operating in chemical environments.
Impact of graph energy on a measurement of resilience for tipping points in complex systems
Authors: Edwards Christine M. , Nilchiani Roshanak Rose , Miller Ian M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocieties depend on various complex and highly interconnected systems, leading to increasing interest in methods for managing the resilience of these complex systems and the risks associated with their disruption or failure. Identifying and localizing tipping points, or phase transitions, in complex systems is essential for predicting system behavior but a difficult challenge when there are many interacting elements. Systems may transition from stable to unstable at critical tipping‐point thresholds and potentially collapse. One of the suggested approaches in literature is to measure a complex system's resilience to collapse by modeling the system as a network, reducing the network behavior to a simpler model, and then measuring the resulting model's stability. In particular, Gao and colleagues introduced a methodology in 2016 that introduces a resilience index to measure precariousness (the distance to tipping points). However, those mathematical reductions can cause information loss from reducing the topological complexity of the system. Herein, the authors introduce a new methodology that more‐accurately predicts the location of tipping points in networked systems and their precariousness with respect to those tipping points by integrating two approaches: (1) a new measurement of a system's topological complexity using graph energy (created based on molecular orbital theory) and; (2) the resilience index method from Gao et al. This new approach is tested in three separate case studies involving ecosystem collapse, supply chain sustainability, and disruptive technology. Results show a shift in tipping‐point locations correlated with graph energy. The authors present an equation that corrects errors introduced as a result of the model reduction, providing a measurement of precariousness that gives insight into how a complex system's topology affects the location of its tipping points.
Recent developments in the management of ascites in cirrhosis
Authors: Lan Tian , Chen Ming , Tang Chengwei , Deltenre Pierre 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, advances have been made for treating ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Recent studies have indicated that several treatments that have been used for a long time in the management of portal hypertension may have beneficial effects that were not previously identified. Long‐term albumin infusion may improve survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites while beta‐blockers may reduce ascites occurrence. Transjugular intrahepatic porto‐systemic shunt (TIPS) placement may also improve survival in selected patients in addition to the control with ascites. Low‐flow ascites pump insertion can be another option for some patients with intractable ascites. In this review, we summarize the latest data related to the management of ascites occurring in cirrhosis. There are still unanswered questions, such as the optimal use of albumin as a long‐term therapy, the place of beta‐blockers, and the best timing for TIPS placement to improve the natural history of ascites, as well as the optimal stent diameter to reduce the risk of shunt‐related side‐effects. These issued should be addressed in future studies.
Ultrasound study of natural progression of ovarian endometrioma
Authors: Knez J. , Bean E. , Nijjar S. , Mavrelos D. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the natural progression of ovarian endometrioma in women who are managed expectantly.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of 83 women with evidence of ovarian endometrioma who were managed expectantly between April 2007 and May 2022. The study was conducted in the Department of Women's Health, University College London Hospitals and The Gynecology Ultrasound Centre, London, UK. We searched our ultrasound clinic databases to identify women aged 18 years or older with evidence of ovarian endometrioma who were managed expectantly for ≥ 6 months. All women attended for a minimum of two ultrasound scans performed by a single expert ultrasound operator. In addition to patient demographics, we recorded the number, mean diameter and location of each cyst. The cyst growth rate was expressed as annual change in the mean diameter.ResultsA total of 1922 women who attended our gynecology clinic during the study period were found to have evidence of moderate or severe endometriosis on pelvic ultrasound examination. Of those, 83 women had evidence of ovarian endometrioma and were managed expectantly. The median age of women was 39 (range, 26–51) years at the initial visit. Each woman had at least two ultrasound scans performed by a single expert operator at a minimum interval of ≥ 6 months. Of 83 women diagnosed with endometrioma, 50 (60% (95% CI, 49–71%)) had a single cyst and the remainder had multiple cysts. The median number of endometriomas per patient was 1 (range, 1–5) and the median follow‐up time was 634 (range, 187–2984) days. A total of 39/83 (47% (95% CI, 36–58%)) women experienced an overall reduction in size of cysts, in 18/83 (22% (95% CI, 13–32%)) the cysts increased in size and in 26/83 (31% (95% CI, 22–42%)) women, no meaningful change in size was observed. The median change in mean cyst diameter per woman during the study period was −2.7 (range, −57.7 to 39.3) mm, with a median annual regression rate of −1.7 (range, −24.6 to 42.0) mm/year/woman. Overall, when compared with the initial visit, cysts were significantly smaller at follow‐up (median diameter, 22.3 (range, 6.7–77.0) mm vs 18.5 (range, 5.0–72.0) mm; P = 0.009). We did not identify any clinical characteristics that could reliably predict the chance of endometrioma progression.ConclusionsIn the majority of women with an ultrasound diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma, the cysts do not increase in size significantly over time and they could be managed expectantly. This evidence may help clinicians when counseling asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic women about management of ovarian endometrioma. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.