bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate carcinoma and green tea: PSA‐triggered basement membrane degradation and MMP‐2 activation are inhibited by (−)epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate
Authors: Pezzato Elga , Sartor Luigi , Dell'Aica Isabella , Dittadi Ruggero , Gion Massimo , Belluco Claudio , Lise Mario , Garbisa Spiridione 
Published: July 2004

AbstractProstate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a serine‐protease that, in addition to cleaving semenogelins in the seminal coagulum, is able to cleave extracellular matrix glycoproteins, thereby affecting cell migration and metastasis. We here report some new activities of PSA that deserve careful consideration in the cancer context: degradation of gelatin, degradation of type IV collagen in reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) and activation of progelatinase A (MMP‐2), but not pro‐MMP‐9, in a cell‐free system. Since consumption of green tea has been reported to lower the risk of prostate cancer, we investigated the effects of the major flavanol of green tea, (−)epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), on expression and activity of PSA by prostate carcinoma cells. In addition to restraint of PSA expression, EGCG was found to inhibit in a dose‐dependent manner all the above PSA activities, at concentrations lower than the cytotoxic serine‐protease inhibitor PMSF and close to levels measured in the serum following ingestion of green tea. The activity of PSA was suppressed also by the elastase released by the inflammatory leukocytes. These results highlight new PSA activities, suggest gelatin zymography as a new convenient assay for PSA, propose EGCG as natural inhibitor of prostate carcinoma aggressiveness, but also stimulate further investigation on the role of prostatic inflammation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sun exposure may protect against non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A case‐control study
Authors: Hughes Ann Maree , Armstrong Bruce K. , Vajdic Claire M. , Turner Jennifer , Grulich Andrew E. , Fritschi Lin , Milliken Sam , Kaldor John , Benke Geza , Kricker Anne 
Published: July 2004

AbstractUltraviolet radiation is a hypothesised risk factor for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but no epidemiological study has examined this association using direct measures of sun exposure in individuals. Adults aged 20–74 years living in NSW and ACT, Australia, were the study population. Cases (704 of 829 invited to take part, 85%) were diagnosed January 2000 to August 2001. Controls (694 of 1,136 invited to take part, 61%) were randomly selected from state electoral rolls and frequency‐matched to cases by age, sex and state of residence. A self‐administered questionnaire and telephone interview measured outdoor hours on working and nonworking days and vacations at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 years of age. Logistic regression models of NHL and sun exposure contained the 3 matching variables, ethnicity and sun sensitivity measures as covariates. Contrary to expectations, risk of NHL fell with increasing reported sun exposure hours. Relative to 1.0 for the lowest quarter of total sun exposure hours, the odds ratios (ORs) for successively higher quarters were 0.72 (95% CI 0.53–0.98), 0.66 (0.48–0.91) and 0.65 (0.46–0.91) (ptrend=0.01). The association of sun exposure on nonworking days with NHL was stronger; OR for highest quarter 0.47 (0.34–0.66) (ptrend=0.0001). Risk also fell with sun exposure on vacations; OR for highest quarter 0.60 (0.43–0.85) (ptrend=0.003). These associations appeared strongest in women and in childhood. There was little evident trend in risk with exposure on working day. Our results provide strong statistical evidence for an inverse association between sun exposure and NHL. Increasing evidence that vitamin D may protect against cancer makes UV‐mediated synthesis of vitamin D a plausible mechanism whereby sun exposure might protect against NHL. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between rat colon carcinoma cells and Kupffer cells during the onset of hepatic metastasis
Authors: Timmers Maarten , Vekemans Katrien , Vermijlen David , Asosingh Kewal , Kuppen Peter , Bouwens Luc , Wisse Eddie , Braet Filip 
Published: July 2004

AbstractLiver sinusoids harbor populations of 2 important types of immunocompetent cells, Kupffer cells (KCs) and natural killer (NK) cells, which are thought to play an important role in controlling hepatic metastasis in the first 24 hr upon arrival of the tumor cells in the liver. We studied the early interaction of KCs, NK and CC531s colon carcinoma cells in a syngeneic rat model by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results showed a minority of KCs (19% periportal and 7% pericentral) involved in the interaction with 94% of tumor cells and effecting the phagocytosis of 92% of them. NK cell depletion decreased the phagocytosis of tumor cells by KCs by 33% over a period of 24 hr, leaving 35% of the cancer cells free, as compared to 6% in NK‐positive rats. Surviving cancer cells were primarily located close to the Glisson capsule, suggesting that metastasis would initiate from this region. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deregulation of Stat5 expression and activation causes mammary tumors in transgenic mice
Authors: Iavnilovitch Elena , Cardiff Robert D. , Groner Bernd , Barash Itamar 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMembers of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) family regulate essential cellular growth and survival functions in normal cells and have also been implicated in tumorigenesis. We have studied the potential role of Stat5 in mammary tumorigenesis by targeting Stat5 variants to the mammary gland of transgenic mice using regulatory sequences of the β‐lactoglobulin gene. Mammary‐directed expression of the wild‐type Stat5, constitutively activated Stat5 and carboxyl‐terminally truncated dominant negative Stat5 forms resulted in mammary tumors with incidence rates of up to 22% and latency periods of 8–12 months. Undifferentiated carcinomas most frequently occurred in mice expressing the carboxyl‐terminally truncated Stat5. The more differentiated papillary and micropapillary adenocarcinomas were primarily found in mice overexpressing the native and constitutively active transgenes. Higher levels of translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and cyclin D1 expression but lower levels of activated Stat3 were found in tumors of mice expressing the constitutively active Stat5 when compared to mice expressing the wild‐type or truncated forms. A higher expression of the estrogen receptor (ERα) was observed in carcinomas compared to other phenotypes. The ability of both forms of Stat5, the transactivating form and the dominant negative form, to participate in oncogenesis indicates that there is more than one mechanism by which Stat5 contributes to this process. The transactivation function of Stat5 is involved in the determination of tumors with a more differentiated phenotype. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Promoter hypermethylation of tumor‐related genes in the progression of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Bai Alfa H.C. , Tong Joanna H.M. , To Ka‐Fai , Chan Michael W.Y. , Man Ellen P.S. , Lo Kwok‐Wai , Lee Janet F.Y. , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Leung Wai K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractGene promoter hypermethylation is increasingly recognized to play an important role in cancer development through silencing of gene transcription. This study determined the methylation profiles of primary colorectal cancers and adenomas to elucidate the role of epigenetic changes in different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. We examined the methylation profiles of 47 sporadic colorectal cancers, 36 colonic adenomas from patients without cancer and 34 colonic biopsies from patients without colonic lesions. Paired adjacent dysplasia tissues obtained from 17 cancer patients were also examined. Promoter hypermethylation in 10 tumor‐related genes (APC, ATM, GSTP1, HLTF, MGMT, hMLH1, p14, p15, SOCS‐1 and TIMP‐3) were studied by methylation‐specific PCR. Promoter hypermethylation was frequently detected in more than 40% of colonic cancers and adenomas in APC, ATM, HLTF, MGMT and hMLH1 genes (p < 0.0001 vs. normal). While low level of methylation was detected in p14, p15 and TIMP‐3, there was no methylation detected in GSTP1 and SOCS‐1. The frequencies of methylation were comparable between tumors and adenomas, and advanced and nonadvanced adenoma. In contrast, K‐ras mutation was only detected in advanced adenomas and cancers. Concurrent methylation in ≥ 3 genes was found in 66.7% adenomas and 68.1% cancers but not in normal colonic tissues. Methylation was associated with reduced protein expressions in colorectal adenomas and cancers. Moreover, methylation in ATM was more common in older cancer patients (p = 0.002), but there was no significant association between promoter hypermethylation and other clinicopathologic characteristics of cancer. Our study demonstrated the early and specific involvement of promoter hypermethylation in the colorectal adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Downregulation of rheumatoid arthritis‐related antigen RA‐A47 (HSP47/colligin‐2) in chondrocytic cell lines induces apoptosis and cell‐surface expression of RA‐A47 in association with CD9
Authors: Hattori Takako , von der Mark Klaus , Kawaki Harumi , Yutani Yasutaka , Kubota Satoshi , Nakanishi Tohru , Eberspaecher Heidi , de Crombrugghe Benoit , Takigawa Masaharu 
Published: July 2004

AbstractPreviously, we showed that gene expression of the rheumatoid arthritis‐related antigen RA‐A47, which is identical to human heat shock protein (HSP)47, was downregulated in chondrocytes by inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. Associated with this phenomenon, RA‐A47 appeared on the cell surface concomitant with upregulation of metabolic factors related to cartilage destruction. The upregulation of the metabolic factors could be achieved by downregulation of RA‐A47 expression with ra‐a47‐specific anti‐sense oligonucleotide. Here, we show that the enhanced surface expression of RA‐A47 on a chondrocytic cell line, HCS‐2/8 was also a direct result of RA‐A47 downregulation by ra‐a47 anti‐sense oligonucleotide, independent of the cytokine effects. Moreover, cell‐surface expression of CD9, a β1 integrin‐associated transmembrane protein that is involved in cell adhesion and cell motility events, was enhanced in the ra‐a47 anti‐sense oligonucleotide‐treated cells. The CD9 was colocalized with RA‐A47 on the cell surface, where it may have affected integrin signaling. Furthermore, Annexin‐V binding to the cell surface and the level of a number of apoptosis‐related genes including caspase‐9 were increased after ra‐a47 anti‐sense oligonucleotide treatment, suggesting that enhanced surface expression of RA‐A47 and CD9 may be initiating apoptosis. Differential screening using a cDNA gene array showed induction of metallothionein‐III and chemokine receptor CXCR4 and of factors of the Notch signaling pathway by the anti‐sense treatment, but not by TNFα. Thus, here we show for the first time an alternative mechanism of inducing apoptosis by downregulating molecular chaperones, independent of the action of TNFα. The surface‐exposed RA‐A47 may induce autoantibodies and inflammatory reactions in autoimmune disease situations such as rheumatoid arthritis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contribution of mass spectrometry to the study of the Maillard reaction in food
Authors: Fay Laurent B. , Brevard Hugues 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe Maillard reaction or non‐enzymatic browning corresponds to a set of reactions occurring between amines and carbonyl compounds, especially reducing sugars. The Maillard reaction is known to occur in heated, dried, or stored foods and in vivo in mammalian organisms. In food, the Maillard reaction is responsible for changes in colour, flavor, and nutritive value but also for the formation of stabilizing and mutagenic compounds. Because of the complexity of the Maillard reaction, mass spectrometry, coupled or not to separation techniques, is a key tool in this research area and we will review in this article the contribution of mass spectrometry to the understanding of this reaction. Different steps of Maillard reaction will be described and the importance and the role played by mass spectrometry will be highlighted. In addition, different approaches to investigate the Maillard reaction from the formation of Amadori products (early Maillard reaction product) to the flavor and melanoidin production will also be covered. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 24:487–507, 2005
Parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filters with a wide stopband using spur lines
Authors: Sung Y. , Ahn C. S. , Kim Y.‐S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel parallel‐coupled microstrip bandpass filter with a wide stopband. The proposed bandpass filter with spur lines provides a deep and wide stopband because spur lines can provide deep stopband characteristics in some frequency bands. Also, the experimental results show that the transmission coefficients of the proposed filter are lower than −50 dB around the 2nd‐ and 3rd‐harmonic frequencies. This operation can be obtained without increasing its size while the other features are not degraded. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 9–11, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20359
Analytical expression for a composite right/left‐handed transmission line based on the Mittag‐Leffler series expansion
Authors: Fujishige Timothy , Caloz Christophe , Itoh Tatsuo 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn analytical expression for the admittance matrix of a lossy composite right/left‐handed transmission line (CRLH‐TL) based on the Mittag–Leffler series expansion is presented. This expression can be used to model a periodic CRLH‐TL with an expansion truncated to a small number of terms over a prescribed frequency range, which provides the transient response of the line in a faster and more efficient manner than full lumped‐element analysis. A numerical study comparing the admittance parameters calculated using the ideal‐TL infinitesimal model, the lumped‐element model, and the Mittag–Leffler expansion (MLE) is conducted. The transient responses of a CRLH‐TL using the lumped‐element model and the MLE are compared. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 26–29, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20364
Modeling of photonic band gap waveguide couplers
Authors: Nagpal Yogita , Sinha R.K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe co‐directional coupling between two photonic band gap (PBG) waveguides is studied. The designs of PBG waveguide couplers with different lattice arrangements are presented and their coupling characteristics are studied. Further, their application in the design of ultra‐short optical multiplexer de‐multiplexers (MUX‐DEMUXs) has been investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 47–50, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20371
A novel wideband coplanar‐fed monopole antenna
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhong S. S. , Chen Sheng‐Bing 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA new T‐shaped monopole antenna with a CPW feed line is presented. The theoretical analysis is based on the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. The novel antenna is designed, fabricated, and then measured. The measured results, which agree with the numerical calculations very well, are given. The measured bandwidth of the antenna is approximately 116% for VSWR ≤ 2.0. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 50–52, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20372
Tensor product derivative matching for wave propagation in inhomogeneous media
Authors: Zhao Shan , Wei G. W. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractWe propose a tensor product derivative matching (TPDM) method to restore the accuracy of high‐order finite difference time‐domain (FDTD) schemes of computational electromagnetics (CEM) with material interfaces in two spatial dimensions (2D). By making use of fictitious points, the TPDM method locally enforces the physical‐jump conditions at material interfaces in a preprocessing stage to arbitrarily high orders of accuracy in principle, based on a structured grid. The proposed method encompasses a variety of schemes of different orders in a single code. In fact, numerical orders from 2 to near 16 are confirmed in the present study. To the best of our knowledge, such high orders have not been reported in the literature for CEM problems involving material interfaces. The limitation and applicability of the present scheme are also analyzed in detail. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 69–77, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20378
Nonsplit dual‐stage EDFA operating in the C‐ plus L‐band
Authors: Sinivasagam V. , Singh R. D. , Abushagur M. A. G. , Dimyati K. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractThe feasibility of a dual‐stage erbium‐doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) design for operation in both the C‐band and the L‐band is studied. The design is comprised of nonsplit single‐pass amplification at both bands, thus eliminating the need for band multiplexing and demultiplexing in an individual band‐amplification design. The results show that the amplifier provides continuous homogeneous gain ranging from 1530 to 1605 nm with an average gain of 19.7 dB at −30‐dBm input signal power. A minimum gain variation of 9.5 dB was achieved for this entire range, which includes the standard 1530‐nm‐region gain peak in a silica‐based EDF and without the assistance of any gain‐flattening devices. The noise figure was below 7.4 dB for the entire C‐ plus L‐band region for a minimum of 5.3 dB at 1570 nm, with signal power of −30 dBm. This C‐ plus L‐band EDFA provides an average output power of 6.1 dBm at −10 dBm input signal power. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 82–84, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20381
A GaInP/GaAs HBT micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications
Authors: Wang C. Y. , Lu S. S. , Meng C. C. , Lin Y. S. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractA GaInP/GaAs HBT micromixer for 2.4/5.2/5.7‐GHz multiband WLAN applications is demonstrated. Our experimental results show that the input return loss |S11| is below −25 dB from DC to 10 GHz with power‐conversion gains of 11.7, 11.9, and 11.5 dB at frequencies of 2.4, 5.2, and 5.7 GHz, respectively. The wideband matching characteristic makes the micromixer very suitable for multiband applications. Input P1dB is −4 dBm and IIP3 is 2.36 dBm. Port‐to‐port isolation is also quite satisfactory. In addition, the single‐to‐differential input stage in the Gilbert micromixer eliminates the need for common‐mode rejection. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 87–89, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20383
A posteriori error estimation and adaptive computation of viscoelastic fluid flow
Authors: Ervin Vincent J. , Ntasin Louis N. 
Published: July 2004

AbstractIn this article, we develop a posteriori error estimates for finite element (FE) approximations of viscoelastic fluid flows governed by differential constitutive laws of Giesekus and Oldroyd‐B type. We use the general framework developed by Verfürth for constructing residual based a posteriori error estimates for nonlinear equations. Numerical experiments using adaptive computations demonstrating the effectiveness of these error estimates are then presented for three examples. The first two examples are problems with known solutions and the third example is, a benchmark problem, the channel flow with a cylindrical obstacle problem. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2005
Thermal decomposition, combustion and fire‐retardancy of polyurethanes—a review of the recent literature
Authors: Levchik Sergei V , Weil Edward D 
Published: July 2004

AbstractAn overview is presented of the literature on thermal decomposition, combustion and fire‐retardancy of polyurethane (PU) elastomers, PU‐based coatings, rigid and flexible PU foams. A brief overview of the structure of PU polymeric networks is helpful for a better understanding of the thermal decomposition and combustion phenomena. Literature sources were mostly taken from the publications of 1995 and later; however, for a basic description of the structural and thermal decomposition principles, older publication have also been cited. New developments in the efficient halogen‐containing additives and reactive copolymers are described. However, major progress in the area of flame‐retardant PUs in recent years is found in the field of phosphorus‐ or silicon‐containing products, especially reactive ones. Inorganic additives remain of great interest, especially in PU‐based intumescent coatings. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Modification of the air–water interface by a chitosan adsorption process. Effect on an amphiphilic polymer monolayer
Authors: Gargallo Ligia , Leiva Angel , Urzúa Marcela , Alegría Luz , Miranda Beatriz , Radić Deodato 
Published: July 2004

AbstractMonolayer formation by poly[(maleic anhydride)‐alt‐(stearyl methacrylate)] (MA‐alt‐StM) on aqueous subphases, with and without chitosan, was studied by the Langmuir technique. Chitosan (CS) modified considerably the shape of the MA‐alt‐StM isotherms on water. To explain this behavior, the surface activity properties of chitosan at the air–solution interface were studied. The variations of the interfacial tension, γint, with chitosan concentration and temperature, were also determined. The results were discussed in terms of the modification of the air–water interface owing to the presence of chitosan in the subphase and the surface activity. It was found that the standard free energy of adsorption, $\Delta\ G_{{\rm ads}}^{0}$, values were dependent on the degree of acetylation (DA) over the DA range being studied. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermoplastic elastomers from rubber and recycled polyethylene: chemical reactions at interphases for property enhancement
Authors: Grigoryeva Olga , Fainleib Alexander , Starostenko Olga , Tolstov Alexander , Brostow Witold 
Published: July 2004

AbstractRecycled low density polyethylene (R‐LDPE) has been reactively compatibilized with butadiene rubber (BR) by using small additions of reactive polyethylene copolymers and reactive BRs to produce thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs). TPEs were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), rheology measurements, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and mechanical testing. WAXS results show that the presence of BR and reactive modifiers does not completely prevent the crystallization of R‐LDPE during the TPE formation. Depression of the melting point has been found in all cases. Also in all cases, compatibility is provided by formation of interfacial layers. The best mechanical characteristics are obtained for R‐LDPE + BR blends compatibilized with poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) (PE‐co‐AA) and polybutadiene terminated with isocyanate groups (PB‐NCO) for PB‐NCO = 7.5 wt% per PB and COOH/NCO ratio = 1/1. The stress at break and elongation at break are respectively improved by 31 % and 63 %. The PB‐NCO modifier participates in co‐vulcanization with BR in the rubber phase and reacts at the interface with the PE‐co‐AA dissolved in the polyolefin phase. As a result, the amorphous phase of R‐LDPE is dissolved by the rubber phase and a morphology with dual phase continuity is formed, assuring an improvement of mechanical properties of TPEs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry