bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent horizons in cosmologically-embedded black holes
Authors: Cadoni Mariano , Pitzalis Mirko , Sanna Andrea P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present exact solutions for the cosmological embedding of a broad class of non-singular black holes and we focus on the behavior of their apparent horizons. The evolution of the latter is analyzed as a function of the cosmological redshift z. We show that its size exceeds that of the event horizon of an isolated black hole and increases monotonically with increasing z. Explicit formulas and numerical results are provided for the specific cases of the Hayward and Fan & Wang non-singular black-hole models. Furthermore, we explore the distinct dynamical roles of the event and apparent horizons, highlighting connection between the latter and the recently identified cosmological mass shift in non-singular black holes.
The Fastest Path to Discovering the Second Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Event
Authors: Shah Ved G. , Foley Ryan J. , Narayan Gautham 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The discovery of a second electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave event represents a critical goal in the field of multi-messenger astronomy. In order to determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal, we perform comprehensive simulations comparing two potential paths forward: continuing the current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) observing run, O4, versus temporarily shutting down the detectors for upgrades before beginning the next observing run, O5. Our simulations incorporate current O4 instrument sensitivities and duty cycles, as well as projected configurations for O5, while accounting for variables such as binary neutron star merger rates, system properties, viewing angles, dust extinction, and kilonova (KN) observables. Our results indicate that a KN discovery would occur

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days (middle 50% interval) sooner in O5 compared to O4, suggesting that extending O4 would lead to faster discovery if the shutdown period between runs is >4 months. Moreover, for 88% of our simulations, continuing O4 results in earlier KN discovery when compared to the expected two-year shutdown between O4 and O5. Given these findings and the critical importance of avoiding a >10 yr gap between first and second electromagnetic counterpart discoveries, we suggest LVK consider extending O4 operations for as long as feasible prior to shutting down for critical upgrades.
Shadow Cast by the Kerr MOG Black Hole under the Influence of Plasma and Constraints from EHT Observation
Authors: yasmeen Saira , Jafarzade Khadije , Jamil Mubasher 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study of black hole (BH) shadows provide crucial insights into the nature of strong gravitational effects and the intricate structure of the spacetime surrounding BHs. In this paper, we explore the shadow of Kerr MOG BH within a plasma environment, investigating how much the presence of plasma influences the characteristics of the observed shadow compared to those in vacuum conditions. Our analysis reveals that the shadow characteristics of M87* and Sgr A* are more compatible with event horizon telescope (EHT) observational data in nonhomogeneous plasma spacetime compared to homogeneous distributions. For small metric deformation parameter $\alpha$, the shadow aligns within $2\sigma$ uncertainty for homogeneous plasma and within $1\sigma$ for nonhomogeneous plasma. Next, we determine the energy emission rate for the Kerr MOG BH and analyze the influence of parameters $\alpha$, $k_o$, $k_\theta$, and $k_r$ on particle emissions in the BH vicinity. We further analyze the deflection angle in the presence of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous plasma profiles. The findings indicate notable differences from the vacuum scenario, underscoring the importance of accounting for plasma effects in studying light propagation around compact objects.&#xD;
New constraints on coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering by the νGeN experiment
Authors: Lubashevskiy Alexey 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The νGeN experiment searches for coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS}) at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant. A 1.41-kg high-purity low-threshold germanium detector surrounded by active and passive shielding is deployed at the minimal distance of 11.1 m allowed by the lifting mechanism from the center of reactor core, utilizing one of the highest antineutrino fluxes among the competing experiments. The direct comparison of the count rates obtained during reactor-ON and reactor-OFF periods with the energy threshold of 0.29 keVee shows no statistically significant difference. New upper limits on the number of CEνNS events are evaluated on the basis of the residual ON-OFF count rate spectrum.
All-optical nonlinear activation functions realized on phase-change photonic integrated circuits with microheaters
Authors: Jiang Jiyuan , Ding Bingxin , Li Shiyu , Zhang Xin , Wang Haihua , Wu Jie , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Zhou , Lian Xiaojuan , Huang Wen , Wang Lei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photonic neural networks have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their ultra-high computational speed, broad bandwidth, and parallel processing capabilities. However, compared to conventional electronic nonlinear activation function (NAF), progress on efficient and easily implementable optical nonlinear activation function (ONAF) was barely reported. To address this issue, we proposed a programmable, low-loss ONAF device based on a silicon micro-ring resonator capped with the Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) thin films, and with indium tin oxide (ITO) used as the microheater. Leveraging our self-developed phase-transformation kinetic and optical models, we successfully simulated the phase-transition behavior of Sb2Se3 and three different ONAFs—ELU, ReLU, and radial basis function (RBF) were achieved according to discernible optical responses of proposed devices under different phase-change extents. Classification results from the Fashion MNIST dataset demonstrated that these ONAFs can be considered as appropriate substitutes for traditional NAF. This indicated the bright prospect of the proposed device for nonlinear activation function in future photonic neural networks.
Synaptic devices based on silicon carbide for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Ye Boyu , Liu Xiao , Wu Chao , Yan Wensheng , Pi Xiaodong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the increasing demand for massive data storage and processing, brain-inspired neuromorphic computing systems based on artificial synaptic devices have been actively developed in recent years. Among the various materials investigated for the fabrication of synaptic devices, silicon carbide (SiC) has emerged as a preferred choices due to its high electron mobility, superior thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal stability, which exhibits promising potential for neuromorphic applications in harsh environments. In this review, the recent progress in SiC-based synaptic devices is summarized. Firstly, an in-depth discussion is conducted regarding the categories, working mechanisms, and structural designs of these devices. Subsequently, several application scenarios for SiC-based synaptic devices are presented. Finally, a few perspectives and directions for their future development are outlined.
Ion-modulation optoelectronic neuromorphic devices: mechanisms, characteristics, and applications
Authors: Meng Xiaohan , Gao Runsheng , Zhu Xiaojian , Li Run-Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The traditional von Neumann architecture faces inherent limitations due to the separation of memory and computation, leading to high energy consumption, significant latency, and reduced operational efficiency. Neuromorphic computing, inspired by the architecture of the human brain, offers a promising alternative by integrating memory and computational functions, enabling parallel, high-speed, and energy-efficient information processing. Among various neuromorphic technologies, ion-modulated optoelectronic devices have garnered attention due to their excellent ionic tunability and the availability of multidimensional control strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent progress in ion-modulation optoelectronic neuromorphic devices. It elucidates the key mechanisms underlying ionic modulation of light fields, including ion migration dynamics and capture and release of charge through ions. Furthermore, the synthesis of active materials and the properties of these devices are analyzed in detail. The review also highlights the application of ion-modulation optoelectronic devices in artificial vision systems, neuromorphic computing, and other bionic fields. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions for the development of optoelectronic neuromorphic devices are discussed, providing critical insights for advancing this promising field.
Real-time control of a hearing instrument with EEG-based attention decoding
Authors: Hjortkjær Jens , Wong Daniel D E , Catania Alessandro , Märcher-Rørsted Jonatan , Ceolini Enea , Fuglsang Søren A , Kiselev Ilya , Di Liberto Giovanni , Liu Shih-Chii , Dau Torsten , Slaney Malcolm , de Cheveigné Alain 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Enhancing speech perception in everyday noisy acoustic environments remains an outstanding challenge for hearing aids. Speech separation technology is improving rapidly, but hearing devices cannot fully exploit this advance without knowing which sound sources the user wants to hear. Even with high-quality source separation, the hearing aid must know which speech streams to enhance and which to suppress. Advances in EEG-based decoding of auditory attention raise the potential of neurosteering, in which a hearing instrument selectively enhances the sound sources that a hearing-impaired listener is focusing their attention on. Here, we present and discuss a real-time brain–computer interface system that combines a stimulus–response model based on canonical correlation analysis for real-time EEG attention decoding, coupled with a multi-microphone hardware platform enabling low-latency real-time speech separation through spatial beamforming. We provide an overview of the system and its various components, discuss prospects and limitations of the technology, and illustrate its application with case studies of listeners steering acoustic feedback of competing speech streams via real-time attention decoding. A software implementation code of the system is publicly available for further research and explorations.
Erbium Determination in Wrought Aluminum Alloys via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry
Authors: Liu Pan , Zhang Jianhao , Yuan Xiaodong , Zhang Yi , Zhang Lijuan , Liu Guoyuan , Zhang Xinyao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Erbium-containing advanced aluminum alloys, such as 5E61, 5E83 and 7E75, have received widespread attention aluminum industrial chains due to their better comprehensive performance, including strength, plasticity, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Then a rapid quantitative requirement for erbium content with a weight fraction of 0.08% to 0.30% has been proposed. Unfortunately, there is a lack of relevant analysis method both domestically and internationally. In order to solve the trouble, a method for determination of erbium in aluminum alloy was studied and established based on plasma optical emission spectrometry. The optimized conditions were as below: radio frequency power of 1.2 kW, atomized gas flow of 0.80 L•min−1, plasma gas flow of 12.5 L•min−1. The axial observation mode and 369.625 nm analysis line were selected. Sample of 0.10 g was accurately weighed to dissolve with high-purity water of 5.0 mL, hydrochloric acid of 5.0 mL and nitric acid of 1.0 mL. Then diluted to 100 mL. The calibration curve was established by the matrix matching with high-purity aluminum, which was a linear equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limit of quantification was 0.0014%. The optimized method was applied to determine the actual samples, with the relative standard deviations were no more than 2.4%, and the recovery rates of erbium were from 96% to 101%. The determination results of the simulated sample were consistent with the theoretical value. The work provided a rapid quantitative method for microalloying erbium determination in aluminum alloys, that would be beneficial for the research and application of erbium-containing advanced aluminum alloys.
Improvements for the implementation of RDMA on FPGA devices
Authors: Vasile M. , Vasile C. , Iancu V. , Ulmamei A. , Mărtoiu S. , Stoicea G. , Boukadida N. , Bîră C. , Hobincu R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
RDMA communication can be a good solution for many communication use cases, such as in data acquisition systems and any other system requiring high bandwidth and low latency. Multiple options for an RDMA-based communication system have already been tested, such as profiling based on message size and message count, using multiple simultaneous clients for FPGA-based RDMA senders, or streaming data over RDMA links for software senders. Now, all of these are being put together in a system supporting streaming of data from a FPGA-based system over an RDMA link to one or more clients and new features are being added.
Gold nanoparticles/Cu decorated metal-organic frameworks for synergistic photodynamic/ferroptosis cancer therapy
Authors: Zhao Hongchao , Zhu Hengcheng , Du Yang , He Mu , Ding Mao , Cheng Fan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds promise for cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) via photosensitizers (PSs) activated by specific wavelengths of light. However, the poor water solubility of PSs and the tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by high glutathione (GSH) levels and hypoxia, limit its efficacy against hypoxic tumors. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel nano-reactor, Zr(Cu)-MOF@Au@DHA, to augment PDT-ferroptosis therapy. By incorporating Cu²⁺ into the porphyrin ring of PCN-224 and decorating it with gold nanoparticles, we enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of the metal-organic framework (MOF). Additionally, dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was loaded onto the nano-reactor to boost the ferroptosis sensitivity of bladder cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirm that under laser irradiation, Zr(Cu)-MOF@Au@DHA significantly elevates oxidative stress, depletes GSH, and triggers DHA release, sensitizing tumor cells to ferroptosis and enhancing PDT-ferroptosis therapy for bladder cancer. This innovative nano-platform integrates near-infrared light-triggered PDT with chemotherapy to induce ferroptosis, addressing critical limitations in bladder cancer treatment.&#xD;
Exhaled Carbon Monoxide: Variations Due to Collection Method and Physiology
Authors: Arbabi Shahriar , Smith Eric , Fondriest Jacob J , Akeno Nagako , Franco Robert S , Cohen Robert M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) is relevant to understanding normal physiology and disease states but has been limited by deficiencies in valid sampling protocols, accurate and feasible measurement methods, and the understanding of normal physiological variation. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare the three collection methods for eCO and (2) to gain a better understanding of patterns of normal variation by obtaining repeated daily and weekly measurements. We compared three techniques to sample eCO: continuous breathing (ConB), breath-holding (BrH), and short rebreathing (SrB). We used a Carbolyzer mBA-2000 instrument that involves an electrochemical method to quantify CO, with the final value corrected for ambient CO. In Phase I, we compared ConB with BrH in 10 healthy non-smokers (5 male, five female). On day 1, the eCO was determined from 0730 to 1700 (11 samples), and the first four morning time points were repeated on days 7, 14, and 21. ConB had a lower eCO than BrH, and eCO2 was frequently below the threshold of 4.6% compatible with inadequate alveolar sampling. The eCO measured by the ConB and BrH methods increased during the day and showed week-to-week variability. In Phase II, we compared the BrH and SrB techniques by collecting prebreakfast samples weekly for four weeks in 30 healthy non-smokers (15 male,15 female). Comparing the SrB vs. the BrH method, SrB was the easier for the participants to perform, generated higher eCO (~0.5 ppm), and produced higher eCO2 levels (5.2% ± 0.3 vs. 5.0% ± 0.2); Importantly, Phase II study revealed that week-to-week changes in prebreakfast fasting eCO for individual participants were ≥1.0 ppm in ~37%. This variability complicates the interpretation of the relationship between small changes in eCO and the underlying physiological or disease states.
Evaluating the impact of lifestyle changes: A scenario-based analysis for Europe’s residential buildings sector
Authors: Andreou Andreas , Fragkos Panagiotis , Filippidou Faidra , Zisarou Eleftheria , Avgerinopoulos Georgios , Pietzcker Robert Carl , Hasse Robin , Rosemann Ricarda 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Evidence suggests that lifestyle changes are a crucial aspect in the design of decarbonisation strategies towards the achievement of Paris Agreement’s goals. However, most mitigation scenarios developed with Integrated Assessment and Energy System Models often lack a reliable representation of lifestyle changes, therefore modelled pathways overlook the intricate interplay between the impacts of behavioural change and climate policy instruments. This study addresses this critical gap by introducing methodological improvements in leading sectoral energy models (PRIMES-BuiMo, EDGE-Buildings) to simulate more accurately the effect of potential lifestyle transformations in households. The improved models were used to develop scenarios for the residential sector of the European Union up to 2050, considering two different climate targets and three distinct assumptions about the adoption rate and intensity of lifestyle changes. The findings reveal that lifestyle transformations can lead to substantial reductions in energy use and CO2 emissions of households. Important cost reductions, especially for fuel expenses, resulting from lifestyle changes could help mitigate the risk of energy poverty for vulnerable households in the decarbonisation context. A decomposition analysis of energy savings by behavioural measure showcases the benefit to incorporate lifestyle changes with high mitigation potential such as thermostat set-point adjustments and dwellings downsizing in ambitious climate targets. Showcasing the pivotal role of lifestyle changes in achieving low-carbon futures signals the need for policy to address the drivers and key barriers of demand-side transitions.&#xD;
Assessing the effectiveness of small vessel pollution control regulation on water quality in the Yangtze River
Authors: Jiang Kaile , Liang Shuangbo , Wang Fuping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ship pollution research has focused mostly on marine and air pollution, but there is a lack of studies on inland vessel pollution control policies. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the “Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution from Inland Vessels under 400 Gross Tons” implemented on the Yangtze River in China. Utilizing a Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), ordered probit models, and an S-learner approach, the study compares water quality data from five weeks before and after the policy’s introduction. Robustness and heterogeneity tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the findings. The results show significant drops in the permanganate index (CODMn), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total phosphorus (TP) within three weeks before the regulation took effect, mainly due to early actions by authorities and ship operators. T-tests reveal average decreases of 29.9%, 36.6%, 49.1%, and 9.7% for CODMn, NH3-N, TP, and total nitrogen (TN) in the first five weeks after implementation. Long-term findings show a steady decrease in CODMn, while TN and NH3-N rise again after ten weeks. Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD) and ordered probit models confirm stable improvements in water quality measures. Provincial comparisons reveal heterogeneous outcomes in water pollution control, with Jiangsu and Hunan achieving the most significant improvements. An S-learner analysis shows notable reductions in CODMn, NH3-N, and TP, but its effect on TN is uncertain, similar to the T-test results. By assessing inland vessel pollution control regulation, this study fills a crucial gap in environmental policy studies. The application of multiple analytical methods provides robust evidence of the policy’s effectiveness and offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to improve water quality in inland waterways.
A neglected area: Elementary school EFL education and teacher self-efficacy
Authors: Ferguson Peter , Leeming Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most students begin learning foreign languages in elementary school, and yet little research is conducted in this area. This mixed-methods study investigated teacher self-efficacy (TSE) among 138 classroom elementary teachers in Japan tasked with teaching English as a foreign language (EFL). Policymakers promote EFL in their schooling systems, but with a lack of specialist EFL teachers, many classroom teachers must conduct lessons. This study began by developing a measure of TSE specially designed for elementary school teachers who teach EFL, and then investigating factors that predict TSE. Rasch analysis was used for initial validation, and a regression model was constructed to determine predictors of TSE. Results suggested the questionnaire was unidimensional, and the regression showed that English teaching experience was the strongest predictor of TSE, with study of English outside of formal education also a significant predictor. Interview data with eight participants revealed teachers were confident about teaching the content, but expressed apprehensions about their EFL teaching skills, being a role model for learning, and that certain contextual factors affected their engagement with the subject.
NPM: Latent Batch Effects Correction of Omics data by Nearest Pair Matching
Authors: Zito Antonino , Martinelli Axel , Masiero Mauro , Akhmedov Murat , Kwee Ivo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Batch effects (BEs) are a predominant source of noise in omics data and often mask real biological signals. BEs remain common in existing datasets. Current methods for BE correction mostly rely on specific assumptions or complex models, and may not detect and adjust BEs adequately, impacting downstream analysis and discovery power. To address these challenges we developed NPM, a nearest-neighbor matching-based method that adjusts BEs and may outperform other methods in a wide range of datasets.

Results
We assessed distinct metrics and graphical readouts, and compared our method to commonly used BE correction methods. NPM demonstrates ability in correcting for BEs, while preserving biological differences. It may outperform other methods based on multiple metrics. Altogether, NPM proves to be a valuable BE correction approach to maximize discovery in biomedical research, with applicability in clinical research where latent BEs are often dominant.

Availability
NPM is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/bigomics/NPM) and on Omics Playground (https://bigomics.ch/omics-playground). Computer codes for analyses are available at (https://github.com/bigomics/NPM). The datasets underlying this article are the following: GSE120099, GSE82177, GSE162760, GSE171343, GSE153380, GSE163214, GSE182440, GSE163857, GSE117970, GSE173078, GSE10846. All these datasets are publicly available and can be freely accessed on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.