bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Rapid Antigen Tests With Self-Collected vs Health Care Worker–Collected Nasal and Throat Swab Specimens
Authors: Todsen Tobias , Jakobsen Kathrine K. , Grønlund Mathias Peter , Callesen Rasmus E. , Folke Fredrik , Larsen Helene , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Benfield Thomas , Gredal Tobias , Klokker Mads , Kirkby Nikolai , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: December 2023

ImportanceSelf- or health care worker (HCW)–collected nasal swab specimens are the preferred sampling method to perform rapid antigen testing for COVID-19, but it is debated whether throat specimens can improve test sensitivity.ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of self- and HCW-collected nasal vs throat swab specimens for COVID-19 rapid antigen testing.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis per-protocol multicenter randomized clinical trial was conducted from February 15 through March 25, 2022. The participants, individuals aged 16 years or older requesting a COVID-19 test for diagnostic or screening purposes, had 4 specimens collected for individual testing at 1 of 2 urban COVID-19 outpatient test centers in Copenhagen, Denmark.InterventionsParticipants were randomized 1:1 to self-collected or HCW-collected nasal and throat swab specimens for rapid antigen testing. Additional HCW-collected nasal and throat swab specimens for reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used as the reference standard.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was sensitivity to diagnose COVID-19 of a self- vs HCW-collected nasal and throat specimen for rapid antigen testing compared with RT-PCR.ResultsOf 2941 participants enrolled, 2674 (90.9%) had complete test results and were included in the final analysis (1535 [57.4%] women; median age, 40 years [IQR, 28-55 years]); 1074 (40.2%) had COVID-19 symptoms, and 827 (30.9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Health care worker–collected throat specimens had higher mean sensitivity than HCW-collected nasal specimens for rapid antigen testing (69.4% [95% CI, 65.1%-73.6%] vs 60.0% [95% CI, 55.4%-64.5%]). However, a subgroup analysis of symptomatic participants found that self-collected nasal specimens were more sensitive than self-collected throat specimens for rapid antigen testing (mean sensitivity, 71.5% [95% CI, 65.3%-77.6%] vs 58.0% [95% CI, 51.2%-64.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Combining nasal and throat specimens increased sensitivity for HCW- and self-collected specimens by 21.4 and 15.5 percentage points, respectively, compared with a single nasal specimen (both P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial found that a single HCW-collected throat specimen had higher sensitivity for rapid antigen testing for SARS-CoV-2 than a nasal specimen. In contrast, the self-collected nasal specimens had higher sensitivity than throat specimens for symptomatic participants. Adding a throat specimen to the standard practice of collecting a single nasal specimen could improve sensitivity for rapid antigen testing in health care and home-based settings.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05209178
Development and Validation of a Model for Postpancreatectomy Hemorrhage Risk
Authors: Birgin Emrullah , Hempel Sebastian , Reeg Alina , Oehme Florian , Schnizer Annika , Rink Johann S. , Froelich Matthias F. , Hetjens Svetlana , Plodeck Verena , Nebelung Heiner , Abdelhadi Schaima , Rahbari Mohammad , Téoule Patrick , Rasbach Erik , Reissfelder Christoph , Weitz Jürgen , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Distler Marius , Rahbari Nuh N. 
Published: December 2023

ImportancePostpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) due to postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a life-threatening complication after pancreatoduodenectomy. However, there is no prediction tool for early identification of patients at high risk of late PPH.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a prediction model for PPH.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective prognostic study included consecutive patients with clinically relevant POPF who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy from January 1, 2009, to May 20, 2023, at the University Hospital Mannheim (derivation cohort), and from January 1, 2012, to May 31, 2022, at the University Hospital Dresden (validation cohort). Data analysis was performed from May 30 to July 29, 2023.ExposureClinical and radiologic features of PPH.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAccuracy of a predictive risk score of PPH. A multivariate prediction model—the hemorrhage risk score (HRS)—was established in the derivation cohort (n = 139) and validated in the validation cohort (n = 154).ResultsA total of 293 patients (187 [64%] men; median age, 69 [IQR, 60-76] years) were included. The HRS comprised 4 variables with associations: sentinel bleeding (odds ratio [OR], 35.10; 95% CI, 5.58-221.00; P &amp;lt; .001), drain fluid culture positive for Candida species (OR, 14.40; 95% CI, 2.24-92.20; P &amp;lt; .001), and radiologic proof of rim enhancement of (OR, 12.00; 95% CI, 2.08-69.50; P = .006) or gas within (OR, 12.10; 95% CI, 2.22-65.50; P = .004) a peripancreatic fluid collection. Two risk categories were identified with patients at low risk (0-1 points) and high risk (≥2 points) to develop PPH. Patients with PPH were predicted accurately in the derivation cohort (C index, 0.97) and validation cohort (C index 0.83). The need for more invasive PPH management (74% vs 34%; P &amp;lt; .001) and severe complications (49% vs 23%; P &amp;lt; .001) were more frequent in high-risk patients compared with low-risk patients.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective prognostic study, a robust prediction model for PPH was developed and validated. This tool may facilitate early identification of patients at high risk for PPH.
Interlayer Coupling Limit in Artificially Stacked MoS2 Homojunctions
Authors: Arias‐Muñoz Juan C. , Kaaripuro Henri , Zhang Yi , Das Susobhan , Fernandez Henry A. , Sun Zhipei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInterlayer interactions are one of the crucial parameters of two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials‐based junctions. Understanding the limits of interlayer coupling and defining the “maximum building block thickness” in artificially stacked 2D layered materials are key tasks that hold significant importance, not only in fundamental physics, but also in practical applications such as electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics. Here, the interlayer coupling limits are optically investigated of a model 2D layered semiconductor, MoS2, revealing the evolution of distinct interaction mechanisms between layers via artificial stacking. As the total thickness increases, a reduction in the stacking angle influence on the properties of the homojunctions is reflected in the photoluminescence and second harmonic generation responses. The results show that the effective coupling limit for vertically stacked 2D metamaterials resides in three‐layer flakes. The findings pave the way to advanced and complex devices of 2D superlattices for photonics and optoelectronics.
Molecular Revealing the High‐stable Polycyclic Azine Derivatives for Long‐Lifetime Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries
Authors: Zhang Mengqi , Li Tianyu , Liu Xianghui , Zhang Changkun , Li Xianfeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSoluble organic molecules with diverse and highly tunable structures are receiving more and more attention as redox‐active materials for aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). However, the undesirable parasitic reactions of redox‐active molecules restrict their practical application. Herein, a general molecular stabilization strategy is proposed by introducing amino groups on 3,7‐positions of polycyclic azine derivatives (phenothiazine and phenoxazine compounds) to effectively enhance the redox activity and electrochemical stability of molecules. The theoretical calculation and a series of electrochemical analyses revealed that the 3,7‐substituted amino groups serving as the redox active sites can stabilize the intermediate radicals by delocalizing the electron density in the acidic solution, preventing nucleophilic/electrophilic attack. As a result, the designed 3,7‐bis‐((2‐hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)phenothiazin‐5‐ium bromide not only achieved the remarkable electrochemical cycling performance in the flow cell with an ultra‐low‐capacity fade rate of 0.00029% per cycle for 18000 cycles (62 days) and but also delivered a stable high capacity of 47 Ah L−1 (with capacity fade 0.0056% per cycle, 0.077% per day) under ambient condition. Such finding undoubtedly provides a guidance to design stable redox‐active molecules for AOFBs.
High‐Performance Wearable Organic Photodetectors by Molecular Design and Green Solvent Processing for Pulse Oximetry and Photoplethysmography
Authors: Du Zhifang , Luong Hoang Mai , Sabury Sina , Jones Austin L. , Zhu Ziyue , Panoy Patchareepond , Chae Sangmin , Yi Ahra , Kim Hyo Jung , Xiao Steven , Brus Viktor V. , Manjunatha Reddy G. N. , Reynolds John R. , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWhite‐light detection from the visible to the near‐infrared region is central to many applications such as high‐speed cameras, autonomous vehicles, and wearable electronics. While organic photodetectors (OPDs) are being developed for such applications, several challenges must be overcome to produce scalable high‐detectivity OPDs. This includes issues associated with low responsivity, narrow absorption range, and environmentally friendly device fabrication. Here, an OPD system processed from 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MeTHF) sets a record in light detectivity, which is also comparable with commercially available silicon‐based photodiodes is reported. The newly designed OPD is employed in wearable devices to monitor heart rate and blood oxygen saturation using a flexible OPD‐based finger pulse oximeter. In achieving this, a framework for a detailed understanding of the structure–processing–property relationship in these OPDs is also developed. The bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films processed from 2‐MeTHF are characterized at different length scales with advanced techniques. The BHJ morphology exhibits optimal intermixing and phase separation of donor and acceptor moieties, which facilitates the charge generation and collection process. Benefitting from high charge carrier mobilities and a low shunt leakage current, the newly developed OPD exhibits a specific detectivity of above 1012 Jones over 400–900 nm, which is higher than those of reference devices processed from chlorobenzene and ortho‐xylene.
Hydrogen Transport Between Layers of Transition Metal‐Dichalcogenides
Authors: Eren Ismail , An Yun , Kuc Agnieszka B. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHydrogen is a crucial source of green energy and is extensively studied for its potential usage in fuel cells. The advent of 2D crystals (2DCs) has taken hydrogen research to new heights, enabling it to tunnel through layers of 2DCs or be transported within voids between the layers, as demonstrated in recent experiments by Geim's group. In this study, it investigates how the composition and stacking of transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) layers influence the transport and self‐diffusion coefficients (D) of hydrogen atoms using well‐tempered metadynamics (WTMetaD) simulations. The findings show that modifying either the transition metal or the chalcogen atoms significantly affects the free energy barriers (ΔF) and, consequently, the self‐diffusion of hydrogen atoms between the 2DC layers. In the polytype (2H stacking), MoSe2 exhibits the lowest ΔF, while WS2 has the highest, resulting in the largest D for the former system. Additionally, hydrogen atoms inside the (or 3R) polytype encounter more than twice lower energy barriers and, thus, much higher diffusivity compared to those within the most stable stacking. These findings are particularly significant when investigating twisted layers or homo‐ or heterostructures, as different stacking areas may dominate over others, potentially leading to directional transport and interesting materials for ion or atom sieving.
Human biology and the study of precarity: How the intersection of uncertainty and inequality is taking us to new extremes
Authors: Hoke Morgan K. , Long Anneliese M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInequality represents an extreme environment to which humans must respond. One phenomenon that contributes to this growing extreme is precarity or the intersection of uncertainty and some form of inequality. While precarity has an important intellectual history in the fields of sociology and sociocultural anthropology, it has not been well studied in the field of human biology. Rather human biologists have engaged with the study of closely related concepts such as uncertainty and resource insecurity. In this article, we propose that human biology take on the study of precarity as a novel way of investigating inequality. We first provide a brief intellectual history of precarity which is followed by a review of research on uncertainty and resource security in human biology which, while not exhaustive, illustrates some key gaps that precarity may aid us in addressing. We then review some of the pathways through which precarity comes to affect human biology and health and some of the evidence for why the unpredictable nature of precarity may make it a unique physiological stress. A case study based on research in Nuñoa, Peru provides an important example of how precarity can elucidate the influences of health in an extreme setting, albeit with insights that apply more broadly. We conclude that precarity holds important potential for the study of human biology, including helping us more effectively operationalize and study uncertainty, encouraging us to explore the predictability of resources and stressors, and reminding us to think about the intersectional nature of stressors.
Retention of American Indian and Alaska Native participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set
Authors: Conniff Kyle R. , Grill Joshua D. , Gillen Daniel L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe number of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) elders is expected to double by 2060. Thus it is imperative to retain AI/AN participants in longitudinal research studies to identify novel risk factors and potential targets for intervention for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in these communities.METHODSThe National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center houses uniformly collected longitudinal data from the network of National Institute on Aging (NIA)–funded Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). We used logistic regression to quantify participant retention at 43 ADRCs, comparing self‐identified AI/AN participants to non‐Hispanic White (NHW) participants, adjusting for potential confounding factors including baseline diagnosis, age, sex, education, and smoking.RESULTSThe odds of AI/AN participant retention at the first follow‐up visit were significantly lower than those for NHW participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.599; 95%: 0.46–0.78; p < 0.001).DISCUSSIONThese results suggest the need for improved strategies to retain AI/AN participants, perhaps including improved researcher–community relationships and community engagement and education.Highlights
American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) research participants were retained to the first follow‐up appointment at lower rates than non‐Hispanic White (NHW) participants.
AI/AN participants are retained at lower rates than NHW participants for long‐term follow‐up.
The majority of AI/AN participants were not retained to the second follow‐up visit.
Whole‐Body Muscle Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 81 Patients with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Seo Incheol , Kang Minsung , Park Jin‐Mo , Seok Hung Youl , Kim Sohyeon , Park Jin‐Sung 
Published: December 2023

ObjectiveSpinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is characterized by slow, progressive bulbar and limb muscle weakness; however, the pattern of progression of muscle fat infiltration remains unclear. We assessed the progression of muscle involvement in 81 patients with SBMA using whole‐body muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), alongside clinical and laboratory findings.MethodsThis prospective study included patients with genetically confirmed SBMA who underwent whole‐body muscle MRI. We analyzed muscle fat infiltration and the pattern of involved muscles using cluster analysis, visualizing the sequential progression of fat infiltration. Muscle clusters demonstrated correlation with clinical scales and laboratory findings. Additionally, linear regression analysis was performed to identify the MRI section most strongly associated with 6‐minute walk test (6MWT).ResultsWe included 81 patients with SBMA (age = 54.3 years). After categorizing the patients into 6 clusters based on the pattern of muscle fat infiltration, we observed that muscle involvement began in the posterior calf and progressed to the posterior thigh, pelvis, trunk, anterior thigh, medial thigh, anterior calf, and upper extremity muscles. These muscle clusters correlated significantly with disease duration (τ = 0.47, p < 0.001), 6MWT (τ = −0.49, p < 0.001), and serum creatinine level (τ = −0.46, p < 0.001). The whole‐body MRI indicated the thigh as the section most significantly correlated with 6MWT.InterpretationWe used whole‐body muscle MRI to determine the sequential progression of the fat infiltration in SBMA. Our findings may enable the identification of objective and reliable imaging outcome measures in the study of the natural history or future clinical trials of SBMA. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:596–606
Analysis of highly frequent point mutations in glycoprotein C, glycoprotein N, and nucleoprotein of CCHFV
Authors: Kaushal Neha , Baranwal Manoj 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCrimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is classified among top 10 priority pathogens by World Health Organization. CCHFV belongs to Bunyaviridae family and negative sense ssRNA genome composed of three RNA segments: L, M, and S. RNA viruses show higher mutation rate as compared to DNA viruses. To gain deeper understanding of impact of point mutations in CCHFV M and S segment, mutation profiling, homology modeling, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation were performed. Structural glycoproteins (glycoprotein C [Gc] and glycoprotein N [Gn]) of CCHFV are important for host–virus interaction and genome packaging, whereas CCHFV nucleoprotein (NP) is crucial for viral replication. Hence, current study is focused on evaluation of eight mutations in structural glycoproteins (Gc: 7 and Gn: 1) of M segment and seven mutations in NP of S segment. All these mutations were highly frequent, with mutation frequency between 0.81 and 1.0 and found to be persistent in the recent strains of CCHFV. Solubility analysis predicted that selected point mutations reduce solubility of Gc protein and increase solubility of Gn and NP proteins. MD simulation study deciphered that A1046V and G1158E in Gc protein, I778T in Gn protein, and H195R in NP protein displayed large deviation and fluctuation, and affected intramolecular interactions. In conclusion, we observed that point mutations could impact structure, stability, and host–virus interaction of protein, and might lead to evolution of new strains for better survival and drug resistance.
New pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles with AIE characteristics for detection of dichloromethane and chloroform
Authors: Yu Shuning , Li Shaoling , Xie Zhixin , Liu Wei , Islam Md. Monarul , Redshaw Carl , Cao Mei Juan , Chen Qing , Feng Xing 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThree new pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole derivatives containing methoxyphenyl, pyrene or tetraphenylethylene (TPE) units (compounds 1–3) have been designed, synthesized and fully characterized. The aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties of compounds 1–3 were tested in different water fraction (fw) of tetrahydrofuran (THF). The pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole derivative 3 containing TPE units exhibited typical AIE features with an enhanced emission (∼32‐fold) in the solid state versus in solution; compounds 1 and 2 exhibited an aggregation‐caused quenching effect. In addition, the steric and electronic effects of the peripheral moieties on the emission behavior, both in solution and in the solid state, have been investigated. Moreover, pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole 1 exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for dichloromethane and chloroform solvents, with the system displaying a new emission peak and fast response time under ultraviolet irradiation.
A case of Behçet's disease with unusual cardiovascular complications
Authors: Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena , Rakotonirina Lalao Nomenjanahary , Ravelonjatovo Mirantosoa Fabiola , Andrianjanaka Nofihinina Joharisantatra , Habib Nouraly , Randriamihangy Narindrarimanana Avisoa 
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical MessageBehçet's disease should be suspected in young adults who present with heart failure and/or vascular lesions. Cardiac involvement and mesenteric artery aneurysm are rare but should be recognized because of their severity.
PROTOCOL: Effectiveness of home‐based interventions to prevent child neglect: A systematic review
Authors: Li Yanfei , Li Rui , Li Meixuan , Bing Zhitong , Li Xiuxia , Yang Kehu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows. The objectives of the present study are to answer the following questions: (1) What types of home‐based interventions are currently being studied to prevent child neglect? (2) How effective are the different home‐based interventions for preventing child neglect? (3) What are the causes of heterogeneity among included studies and their impact on study effects?
Effect of pulp capping materials on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Bakr Mahmoud M. , Shamel Mohamed , Raafat Shereen N. , Love Robert M. , Al‐Ankily Mahmoud M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesMigration and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is a vital and key factor in the success of reparative dentin formation for maintenance of pulp vitality. Pulp capping materials are used to stimulate DPSCs to induce new dentin formation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the response of DPSCs to four commercially available pulp capping materials: a bioactive bioceramic (Material 1), a nonresinous ready‐to‐use bioceramic cement (Material 2), a bioactive composite (Material 3), and a biocompatible, dual‐cured, resin‐modified calcium silicate (Material 4).Materials and MethodshDPSCs were isolated and cultured from freshly extracted teeth and were then characterized by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation. Discs prepared from pulp capping materials were tested with hDPSCs and MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, cell migration assay and odontogenic differentiation assay was performed. Expression of osteogenic markers (osteopontin, RUNX family transcription factor 2, osteocalcin) and the odontogenic marker (dentin sialophosphoprotein) was detected using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.ResultsMaterials 1, 2, and 3 generated more cell viability than Material 4. Furthermore, Material 4 showed the least wound exposure percentage, while Material 3 showed the highest percentage. Enhanced mineralization was found in hDSCPs cultured with Material 3, followed by Material 1, and then Material 2, while Material 4 revealed the least calcified mineralization.ConclusionsThe results of this study were inconclusive regards contemporary bioceramic materials designed for vital pulp therapy as they have different effects on hDPSC. Further testing for cytotoxicity using live‐dead staining, animal experiments, clinical trials, and independent analyses of these biomaterials is necessary for clinicians to make an informed decision for their use.