bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse relationship between patient peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts and collection efficiency for CD34+ cellsin two automated leukapheresis systems
Authors: Heuft Hans‐Gert , Dubiel Mark , Rick Oliver , Kingreen Dorothea , Serke Stefan , Schwella Nimrod 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the CD34 cell collection efficiency (CE) of automated leukapheresis protocols of two blood cell separators (Spectra, COBE [AutoPBSC protocol] and AS104, Fresenius [PBSC‐Lym, protocol]) for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) harvest in patients with malignant diseases.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PBPCs were collected by the Spectra AutoPBSC protocol in 95 patients (123 collections) and the AS104 PBSC‐Lym protocol in 87 patients (115 harvests). Patients underwent a median of one (range, 1‐4) conventional‐volume apheresis procedure of 10.8 L (9.0‐13.9) to obtain a target cell dose of ≥2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg.RESULTS: The median overall CD34 CE was significantly better on the AS104 than on the Spectra: 55.8 percent versus 42.4 percent (p = 0.000). This was also true below (59.2% vs. 50.1%; p = 0.022) and above (51.2% vs. 41.3%; p = 0.001) the preleukapheresis threshold of 40 CD34+ cells per μL needed to collect a single‐apheresis autograft. However, at ≥40 circulating CD34+ cells per μL, both cell separators achieved the target of ≥2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg. The CD34 CE dropped significantly, from 59.2 percent at <40 cells per μL to 51.2 percent at ≥40 cells per μL on the AS104 (p = 0.017) and from 50.1 percent to 41.3 percent on the Spectra (p = 0.033).CONCLUSION: Whereas the CD34 CE was significantly different with the AS104 and the Spectra, the CD34 CE of both machines correlated inversely with peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts, showing a significant decline with increasing numbers of circulating CD34+ cells. Nevertheless, at ≥40 preapheresis CD34+ cells per μL, sufficient hematopoietic autografts of ≥2.5 × 106 CD34+ cells per kg were harvested by a single conventional‐volume (11 L) leukapheresis on both cell separators.
HLA class II antibodies in transfusion‐related acute lung injury
Authors: Kopko Patricia M. , Popovsky Mark A. , MacKenzie Malcolm R. , Paglieroni Teresa G. , Muto Kathryn N. , Holland Paul V. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious, sometimes fatal, complication of transfusion. Granulocyte and HLA class I antibodies present in blood donors have been associated with TRALI. HLA class II antibodies have recently been described in a few cases of TRALI.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Donors involved in TRALI reactions reported to a blood center over an 18‐month period were tested for HLA class I and II antibodies as well as granulocyte antibodies, if HLA antibodies were not identified.RESULTS: HLA class II antibodies were identified, in at least one donor, in 7 (64%) of 11 cases of TRALI. HLA class I antibodies were identified in combination with HLA class II antibodies in 5 of these 7 cases. HLA class I antibodies were exclusively identified in 2 cases. Granuloctye antibodies were identified in 1 case, and no antibodies were identified in another.CONCLUSION: In addition to HLA class I antibodies, HLA class II antibodies are associated with TRALI. Testing of donors for HLA class II antibodies as well as HLA class I and granulocyte antibodies is recommended as part of the investigation of suspected cases of TRALI.
Multicenter evaluation of PCR methods fordetecting CMV DNA in blood donors
Authors: Roback John D. , Hillyer Christopher D. , Drew W. Lawrence , Laycock Megan E. , Luka Janos , Mocarski Edward S. , Slobedman Barry , Smith James W. , Soderberg‐Naucler Cecilia , Todd Deborah S. , Woxenius Susanne , Busch Michael P. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: CMV DNA screening may be a useful adjunct to serologic tests in distinguishing potentially infectious blood donations from those that are “CMV‐safe.” However, there is currently no consensus on the optimal assay method for accurate detection of CMV DNA in donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A blinded multicenter evaluation of seven CMV PCR assays was performed by five laboratories by using coded sets of analytical controls and donor blood samples.RESULTS: Five assays displayed sufficient sensitivity for donor screening, as judged by consistent detection of a minimum of 25 CMV genome equivalents (geq) in analytical controls constructed to contain from 1 to 100 CMV geq in background DNA from 250,000 cells, while the other two assays displayed inadequate sensitivity. Three sensitive assays, two based on nested PCR directed at the UL93 and UL32 regions of the CMV genome and another test (Monitor Assay, Roche), did not detect CMV DNA in samples from any of 20 pedigreed CMV‐seronegative, Western blot‐negative (S–/WB–) donors. Two other assays based on nested PCR occasionally detected CMV DNA in S–WB– samples, and one sensitive nested PCR assay directed at UL123 detected CMV DNA in a large proportion (85%) of S–WB– samples.CONCLUSION: Seven CMV PCR assays currently used for research and/or diagnostic applications displayed marked variations in sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility when applied to coded analytical and clinical control samples containing cellular DNA from the equivalent of 250,000 WBCs. These results will be useful in the selection of assays with performance characteristics appropriate to donor screening objectives. They may also help explain discrepant findings from previous studies that used PCR to determine CMV DNA prevalence in seronegative and seropositive blood donors.
Arterial puncture phlebotomy in whole‐blood donors
Authors: Newman Bruce H. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: An arterial puncture during whole‐blood phlebotomy is a rare event. A series of arterial punctures was evaluated to determine the clinical findings and the incidence of complications.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Arterial punctures reported by staff between January 1, 1999, and February 28, 2001, were evaluated. Follow‐up interviews were done with the phlebotomy nurses to determine what the clinical findings were and what the incidence of complications was.RESULTS: Twelve cases of arterial punctures were identified from 410,000 blood donations (0.0029%; 1/34,000). Eleven cases had a fast blood‐flow rate of <4 minutes; 9 units (75%) were bright red; and in 4 cases (33%), the needle was pulsating. One case was diagnosed because the donor developed a brachial artery pseudoaneurysm 3 days after donation. Four hematomas occurred, for an occurence rate of 33 percent (0.35% in the general donor population). There was also an association with newly trained staff.CONCLUSION: Fast blood‐flow rate is the most common clinical feature after an arterial puncture. Bright red blood is usually, but not always, present, and a pulsating needle is sometimes present. Hematoma is a relatively common complication, and brachial artery pseudoaneurysms are rare, although one case was seen in this study.
Exposure to allogeneic plasma and risk of postoperative pneumonia and/or wound infection in coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Authors: Vamvakas Eleftherios C. , Carven Joan H. 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: A relationship may exist between the immunomodulatory effects of allogeneic blood transfusion and the volume of transfused allogeneic plasma and/or the number of transfused plasma‐containing units. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The records of 416 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operations at the Massachusetts General Hospital were reviewed. Exposure to allogeneic plasma in units of transfused RBCs, platelets, FFP, and cryoprecipitate was recorded, and diagnoses of postoperative pneumonia and wound infection were made by CDC criteria. The association between postoperative infection and exposure to allogeneic plasma was calculated by logistic regression analyses adjusting for the effects of confounding factors that related to severity of illness, difficulty of operation, and risk of postoperative pneumonia. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy‐four patients received (mean ± SE) 636.2 ± 64.3 mL of allogeneic plasma, contained in 8.5 ± 0.7 units of blood components. Sixty‐four patients (15.4%) developed pneumonia and/or wound infection, and 54 (13.0%) developed pneumonia. Patients who did (n = 64) or did not develop infection received 956.6 ± 180.6 and 321.3 ± 39.6 mL of plasma, respectively (p<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, the volume of transfused allogeneic plasma was not associated with postoperative pneumonia and/or wound infection (p = 0.24), pneumonia (p = 0.21), or wound infection (p = 0.74). Similarly, the number of transfused plasma‐containing units was not associated with these outcomes (p = 0.08, p = 0.08, and p = 0.46, respectively). CONCLUSION: A relationship between the exposure to allogeneic plasma and the risk of postoperative pneumonia and/or wound infection was not detected in this study population.
Prevalence of circulating Treponema pallidum DNA and RNA in blood donors with confirmed‐positive syphilis tests
Authors: Orton Sharyn L. , Liu Hsi , Dodd Roger Y. , Williams Alan E. ,   ARCNET Epidemiology Group
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND: Although there have been no well‐documented cases of transfusion‐transmitted syphilis in more than 30 years, serologic tests for syphilis (STS) continues to be required for donated blood. Previously, the methods for detecting viable spirochetes were dependent on the use of the rabbit infectivity test. DNA PCR and RNA RT‐PCR were applied to assess the presence of Treponema pallidum DNA or RNA in blood donors with confirmed‐positive results in STS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This case series describes T. pallidum DNA and RNA testing of platelet concentrates prepared from blood donors with reactive results in an automated treponemal screening test and positive test results in the fluorescent treponomal antibody absorption test. The first DNA test was specific for the T. palladium polA gene. The second DNA test was a multiplex PCR using a T. pallidum 47‐kDa gene target. The RT‐PCR for RNA used T. pallidum 16S rRNA as a template for production of a cDNA target. RESULTS: One hundred sixty‐nine samples (including rapid plasma reagin [RPR]+ and RPR–) tested for T. pallidum DNA and/or RNA were negative. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of demonstrable T. pallidum DNA or RNA suggests that blood donors with confirmed‐positive results in STS are unlikely to have circulating T. pallidum in their blood and that that their blood is unlikely to be infectious for syphilis.
Detecting bacteria in platelet concentrates by use of reagent strips
Authors: Werch J.B. , Mhawech Paulette , Stager C.E. , Banez E.I. , Lichtiger Benjamin 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Iatrogenic infection of immunosuppressed or immunocompromised hosts secondary to receipt of blood components containing bacteria may result in serious adverse outcomes. Measurement of pH and glucose by use of inexpensive reagent strips has been proposed as a practical means of screening for bacteria in platelet concentrate (PC) units. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Glucose and pH were measured in 3093 PC units by use of reagent strips (Multistix, Bayer Corp.) to screen for bacterial content. Any PC classified by the reagent strip method as containing bacteria was subsequently cultured to confirm the presence and quantity of bacteria present. RESULTS
: Thirty of 3093 PC units were classified as containing bacteria by the reagent strip method. Two of the 30 PC units positive by the reagent strip method were also positive by standard bacterial culture technique.

Bacillus cereus
was isolated from both units.
CONCLUSION
: Screening PC units by the reagent strip method resulted in 9.7 units per 1000 being wasted, but prevented two patients from receiving a PC unit containing

B. cereus.
Hemovigilance network in France: organization and analysis of immediate transfusion incident reports from 1994 to 1998
Authors: Andreu Georges , Morel Pascal , Forestier François , Debeir Joëlle , Rebibo Danielle , Janvier Gérard , Hervé Patrick 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : Hemovigilance networks have been introduced in several countries to improve knowledge of blood transfusion‐related morbidity and mortality. The general organization of the French network and its results from 1994 through March 1999 are presented here. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : The hemovigilance network relies on blood transfusion centers and hospital correspondents, who analyze unexpected and untoward blood transfusion‐related effects and transmit a Transfusion Incident Report (TIR) to a national database (Transfusion Incident Reports Electronic Data Management [GIFIT]). RESULTS : As of March 1, 1999, the GIFIT database contained 24,234 TIRs related to incidents that occurred from the start of the hemovigilance network until December 31, 1998. The network was not fully implemented until 1996; but the reporting rate seems to have since stabilized at approximately 7000 per year (2.5 reports per 1000 blood components). The highest reporting rate is observed with platelet concentrates (4.02/1000), followed by RBCs (1.71/1000) and FFP (0.34/1000). Bacterial contamination quickly appeared as a major cause of morbidity and mortality (185 cases and 18 fatalities). However, a general trend of reduction in this type of incident was observed over time, which can be attributed to adoption of several preventive measures. In contrast, major ABO mismatchings during RBC transfusion remained at a constant rate throughout this period and accounted for six fatalities. After the implementation of universal WBC reduction, some incidents known to be related to WBCs, such as nonhemolytic febrile transfusion reactions (NHFTR) and HLA immunization, were dramatically reduced. CONCLUSION : Hemovigilance is an important tool not only to analyze blood transfusion incidents, but also to measure the effects of new processes or corrective actions at a national level.
Profound ionized hypomagnesemia induced by therapeutic plasma exchange in liver failure patients
Authors: Kamochi Masayuki , Aibara Keiji , Nakata Koichi , Murakami Masahiro , Nandate Koichiro , Sakamoto Hisahiro , Sata Takeyoshi , Shigematsu Akio 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND
: Various adverse effects, including cardiac arrest, have been induced by plasma exchange (PE). Electrolyte derangement is frequently observed. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of PE on the serum ionized magnesium (Mg
2+ ) concentration in acute liver failure patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
: Seven liver failure patients requiring PE were enrolled in this study. PE was performed 21 times in total. Blood samples were drawn before PE and serially after the start of the PE. Serum Mg
2+ was measured by the ion‐ selective electrode method. RESULTS
: After PE was started, Mg
2+
concentrations began to fall significantly. The low Mg
2+
blood concentration continued during PE. After PE, the Mg
2+
level recovered to about 80 percent of the control value within 2 hours in six patients. However, in one patient, the Mg
2+ concentration was still low even at 2 hours after PE. This patient complained of chest discomfort during PE and ECG analysis showed sporadic supraventricular premature contractions. CONCLUSION : Profound ionized hypomagnesemia was induced by PE in liver failure patients.
Residual WBC subsets in filtered prestorage RBCs
Authors: Ariga Hiromichi , Lee Tzong‐Hae , Laycock Megan E. , Mohr Beth A. , Kalish Leslie A. , Yomtovian Roslyn , Gernsheimer Terry , Busch Michael P. ,   Viral Activation Transfusion Study
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : New‐generation RBC filters reduce WBC concentrations by 4 to 5 logs and may prevent or decrease transfusion complications such as HLA alloimmunization, nonhemolytic febrile reaction, and transfusion‐transmitted infections. The residual level of WBC subsets may influence efficacy of WBC reduction for preventing various complications. This study analyzed subsets of residual WBCs in WBC‐reduced RBC components prepared for a large, multicenter prospective study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : The Viral Activation Transfusion Study (VATS) assessed the impact of WBC reduction in HIV‐1‐infected patients undergoing RBC transfusion. WBC‐reduced RBC from 11 clinical sites with variable filtration practices were sorted into “low,”“middle,” and “high” groups based on residual WBC concentration. Subsets were isolated from units by immunocapture (anti‐CD4‐, anti‐CD8‐, anti‐CD15‐, and anti‐CD19‐coated magnetic beads) and quantified by PCR amplification. RESULTS : After validation studies confirming test methodology, 105 VATS WBC‐reduced RBC samples were analyzed. Concentrations of subsets in low and middle residual WBC groups were very low in contrast to relatively high concentrations in the high group. Although highly significant differences were identified between the middle and high groups for total WBCs and all subsets, no single subset predominated. CONCLUSION : These results suggest that overall efficacy of WBC filtration correlates with removal of WBC subsets.
Trehalose ameliorates the cryopreservation of cord blood in a preclinical system and increases the recovery of CFUs, long‐term culture‐initiating cells, and nonobese diabetic‐SCID repopulating cells
Authors: Zhang Xiao Bing , Li Karen , Yau Kwai Heung , Tsang Kam Sze , Fok Tai Fai , Li Chi Kong , Lee Shuk Man , Yuen Patrick Man Pan 
Published: March 2003

BACKGROUND : The cryopreservation of HPCs in DMSO has been practiced by cord blood (CB) banks worldwide. Inevitably, some detriment to biologic function occurs as the result of freezing injuries and DMSO toxicity. Trehalose, a disaccharide, is a natural cryoprotectant in organisms capable of surviving extreme dehydration and cold. The objective of this study was to establish the cryopreservation of CB under preclinical conditions using trehalose as a supplement to DMSO. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : In a preclinical protocol, the effects of 5‐percent trehalose with 10‐percent DMSO or 5‐percent DMSO on the cryopreservation of CB MNCs or nucleated cells (NCs) were further evaluated. The read‐out system consisted of a panel of HPCs: early progenitors (CFU‐GEMM, long‐term culture‐initiating cells [LTC‐IC]) and committed progenitors (CFU‐GM, CFU/BFU‐E, CFU‐megakaryocyte [CFU‐MK]). The homing and engraftment capacity of these cells were assessed in nonobese diabetic (NOD)‐SCID mice. RESULTS : Trehalose increased the recoveries of CFU‐GM, CFU/BFU‐E, CFU‐GEMM, and LTC‐IC by over 7.25 percent (mean), 11.9 percent, 19.2 percent, and 12.9 percent, respectively, when compared with those in paired CB samples cryopreserved in 10‐percent DMSO. Freezing and thawing reduced the yields of CFU‐MK by 35.5 percent (mean) and 28.4 percent in MNC and NC samples, respectively, and the inclusion of 5‐percent trehalose significantly retrieved these progenitor cells to over 90 percent of fresh samples. The improved recovery of functional HPLs was reflected by their multilineage engraftment in NOD‐SCID mice. CONCLUSION : Trehalose at 5 percent significantly ameliorates the cryopreservation of CB progenitor cells at a preclinical protocol. The increased recoveries of these cells might potentially improve the engraftment outcomes of CB transplants.
Survival of the Fittest or the Fattest? Exit and Financing in the Trucking Industry
Authors: Zingales Luigi 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the impact that capital market imperfections have on the natural selection of the most efficient firms by estimating the effect of the prederegulation level of leverage on the survival of trucking firms after the Carter deregulation. Highly leveraged carriers are less likely to survive the deregulation shock, even after controlling for various measures of efficiency. This effect is stronger in the imperfectly competitive segment of the motor carrier industry. High debt seems to affect survival by curtailing investments and reducing the price per ton‐mile that a carrier can afford to charge after deregulation.
What Are the Research Standards for Full Professor of Finance?
Authors: Fishe Raymond P. H. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTBased on a sample of 126 recently promoted faculty, different standards for full professor are observed between top 20 finance departments and lower ranked departments. Full professors affiliated with a top 20 department place an average of 1 out of 3 articles in either Journal of Finance, Review of Financial Studies, or Journal of Financial Economics compared to 1 out of 6 articles for professors at lower‐ranked schools. Total citations and cites per year are also significantly different between top‐ and lower‐ranked departments, but total articles and articles per year are not significantly different between these two groupings.
The Persistence of IPO Mispricing and the Predictive Power of Flipping
Authors: Krigman Laurie , Shaw Wayne H. , Womack Kent L. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThis paper examines underwriters' pricing errors and the information content of first‐day trading activity in IPOs. We show that first‐day winners continue to be winners over the first year, and first‐day dogs continue to be relative dogs. Exceptions are “extra‐hot” IPOs, which provide the worst future performance. We also demonstrate that large, supposedly informed, traders “flip” IPOs that perform the worst in the future. IPOs with low flipping generate abnormal returns of 1.5 percentage points per month over the first six months beginning on the third day. We show that flipping is predictable and conclude that underwriters' pricing errors are intentional.
The Expiration of IPO Share Lockups
Authors: Field Laura Casares , Hanka Gordon 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTWe examine 1,948 share lockup agreements that prevent insiders from selling their shares in the period immediately after the IPO (typically 180 days). While lockups are in effect, there is little selling by insiders. When lockups expire, we find a permanent 40 percent increase in average trading volume, and a statistically prominent three‐day abnormal return of −1.5 percent. The abnormal return and volume are much larger when the firm is financed by venture capital, and we find that venture capitalists sell more aggressively than executives and other shareholders. We find limited support for several hypotheses that may explain the abnormal return, but no complete explanation.
Banking Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Growth: International Evidence from Industry Data
Authors: Cetorelli Nicola , Gambera Michele 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the empirical relevance of banking market structure on growth. There is substantial evidence of a positive relationship between the level of development of the banking sector of an economy and its long‐run output growth. Little is known, however, about the role played by the market structure of the banking sector on the dynamics of capital accumulation. This paper provides evidence that bank concentration promotes the growth of those industrial sectors that are more in need of external finance by facilitating credit access to younger firms. However, we also find evidence of a general depressing effect on growth associated with a concentrated banking industry, which impacts all sectors and all firms indiscriminately.
The Price of Options Illiquidity
Authors: Brenner Menachem , Eldor Rafi , Hauser Shmuel 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of illiquidity on the value of currency options. We use a unique dataset that allows us to explore this issue in special circumstances where options are issued by a central bank and are not traded prior to maturity. The value of these options is compared to similar options traded on the exchange. We find that the nontradable options are priced about 21 percent less than the exchange‐traded options. This gap cannot be arbitraged away due to transactions costs and the risk that the exchange rate will change during the bidding process.