bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluvoxamine versus fluoxetine in major depressive episode: a double‐blind randomised comparison
Authors: Dalery Jean , Honig Adriaan 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA double‐blind, multinational study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depressive episode; 184 patients were randomised to fluvoxamine (100 mg/day) or fluoxetine (20 mg/day) for 6 weeks. Both drugs were effective and there were no statistically significant differences between them in the area under the curve of change from baseline in the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) total score. However, the percentage of HAMD responders (≥ 50% decrease in HAMD total score) at week 2, the clinical global improvement severity of illness score at week 2 and the depression subscale of the irritability, depression and anxiety scale at weeks 1, 2 and 4, all showed significant advantages for fluvoxamine. During the last 2 weeks, fluvoxamine was significantly more effective in improving the HAMD sleep disturbance scale. Both drugs were well tolerated and there were no marked differences in their side effect profiles which were typical of SSRIs. Fluvoxamine and fluoxetine have similar efficacy and safety profiles in the treatment of major depressive episode; the findings of this study indicate that fluvoxamine may have a faster onset of action with respect to resolution of depressive symptoms and result in a better improvement in sleep quality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tianeptine: a novel strategy of psychopharmacological treatment of children with autistic disorder
Authors: Niederhofer Helmut , Staffen W. , Mair A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractObjectivesMany autistic children have problems of eye contact and expressive language that limit the effectiveness of educational and behavioural interventions. Few controlled psychopharmacological trials have been conducted in autistic children to determine which agents may be effective for these associated features.MethodsTwelve male children (7.3 ± 3.3 years) with autistic disorder, diagnosed by ICD‐10 criteria, completed a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind crossover trial of tianeptine, which lasted for 12 weeks. Subjects were included in the study if their eye contact and expressive language was inadaequate for their developmental level. Subjects had not tolerated or responded to other psychopharmacological treatments (neuroleptics, methylphenidate, clonidine or desipramine).ResultsTeacher ratings on the aberrant behaviour checklist irritability, stereotypy and inappropriate speech factors were lower during treatment with tianeptine than during treatment with placebo. Clinician ratings (children's psychiatric rating scale autism, anger and speech deviance factors; children's global assessment scale; clinical global impressions efficacy) of videotaped sessions were not significantly different between tianeptine and placebo.DiscussionTianeptine were modestly effective in the short‐term treatment of irritability in some children with autistic disorder. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olanzapine treatment of an adolescent girl with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ercan Eyüp Sabri , Copkunol Hakan , Çýkoðlu Sibel , Varan Azmi 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThis case report presents a severe case of anorexia nervosa in a 15‐year‐old female adolescent. The patient suffered from extreme weight loss and agitation that required hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit. The initial treatment consisted of fluoxetine management. Marked improvements, both in weight and psychological adjustment, were observed with the later addition of olanzapine. The findings reported here support previous findings that suggest the beneficial use of olanzapine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diurnal variations in first lapses to smoking for nicotine patch users
Authors: Ussher Michael , West Robert 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAmongst those not using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), first lapses to smoking have been shown to be more common in the afternoons and evenings than the mornings. The present study investigated whether first lapses amongst those using 16 h nicotine patches follow a similar pattern. This is of interest because 16 h patches may not provide sufficient nicotine early in the morning to meet the needs of smokers. 200 male and female smokers attended a cessation programme combining behavioural support and 16 h nicotine patches. During the first 2 weeks of smoking abstinence 70 smokers reported first lapses. The frequency of first lapses was significantly higher in the afternoons (12.00–18.00 h, 30 lapses) and evenings (18.00–24.00, 35 lapses) than in the mornings (24.00–12.00, five lapses, p < 0.001 for both comparisons). There was no detectable difference between the rates of first lapse in the afternoon and evening. In conclusion, abstaining smokers using 16 h nicotine patches are more likely to experience their first lapse in the afternoon or evening rather than in the morning. Despite nicotine patches providing limited nicotine replacement for the first few hours after waking, there is no evidence that this undermines quit attempts by failing to prevent lapses during that time. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of antipsychotic‐induced side effects: Support for the validity of a self‐report (LUNSERS) versus structured interview (UKU) approach to measurement
Authors: Lambert T. J. R. , Cock N. , Alcock S. J. , Kelly D. L. , Conley R. R. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractA self‐report measure of antipsychotic side effects (LUNSERS) was compared with that of an established semi‐structured interview (UKU side effect rating scale). The validity and the ability of the LUNSERS to determine false positives by use of an internal ‘red herring’ subscale were assessed. ‘Red herring’ items are those which do not directly relate to known antipsychotic side effects. In an open study, 29 patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder from inpatient and outpatient settings within an Australian metropolitan mental health service were assessed for antipsychotic‐induced side effects using both the LUNSERS and UKU. The LUNSERS and UKU were similar in their overall assessment of antipsychotic side effects (total score correlation of 0.58) and were correlated on a wide array of individual side effect items. Correlations between total scores and individual items were higher for those patients scoring low on the LUNSERS ‘red herring’ items compared with both those with high ‘red herring’ scores and the sample as a whole. Several LUNSERS items were identified as potentially problematic, requiring further explanation or supplementation with direct questioning. The ‘red herring’ scale appears to enable detection of patients that may be over‐reporting symptomatology. The LUNSERS is a valuable self‐report measure of antipsychotic side effects, particularly in cases where red herring scores are low. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topiramate in benzodiazepine withdrawal
Authors: Cheseaux Michel , Monnat Martine , Zullino Daniele F. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThere is an increasing interest in anticonvulsants for the treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms. The new anticonvulsant compound topiramate seems to be an especially promising drug for this indication. It acts, among others, as an AMPA antagonist, which may be responsible in part for its anticonvulsant efficacy, but may also modulate the withdrawal‐induced activation of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus, which are related to some behavioural effects of benzodiazepine withdrawal. A case is presented of a rapid benzodiazepine‐withdrawal treated successfully with topiramate. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol and/or benzodiazepine use in injured road users
Authors: Kurzthaler Ilsemarie , Wambacher Markus , Golser Karl , Sperner Gernot , Sperner/Unterweger Barbara , Haidekker Alexander , Pavlic Marion , Kemmler Georg , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang 
Published: July 2003

AbstractBlood samples of all patients (269) involved in a traffic accident and admitted to the Emergency Room of the University Hospital of Trauma Surgery in Innsbruck were analysed for alcohol and benzodiazepines. The large majority were drivers (55%) followed by passengers (19.7%), cyclists (12.6%) and pedestrians (12.3%).Alcohol was obviously the most commonly found drug in all groups (drivers: 36.9%; passengers: 15.1%; cyclists: 29.4%; pedestrians: 18.2%), with a mean BAC (blood alcohol concentration) high above the legal limit at the time of the study in Austria of 0.8 g/l (drivers: 1.49 ± 54 g/l; passengers: 1.52 ± 71 g/l; cyclists: 1.72 ± 51 g/l; pedestrians: 1.67 ± 25 g/l). The percentage of alcohol users was highest in drivers. Concerning BAC levels no significant differences were found between the groups.The most commonly detected benzodiazepine was diazepam. Benzodiazepine consumption (drivers: 8.1%; passengers: 5.7%; cyclists: 8.8%; pedestrians: 3%) as well as plasma levels (drivers: 68.7 ± 62.6 μg/l; passengers: 61.0 ± 69.3 μg/l; cyclists: 135.7 ± 118.3 μg/l; pedestrians: 18 μg/l) were nearly equal in all groups.Concerning alcohol or benzodiazepine use, females showed lower frequencies of both alcohol and benzodiazepine positive blood samples. The frequency of alcohol use was higher in patients ≤ 60 years of age. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preference of insomniac patients between a single dose of zolpidem 10 mg versus zaleplon 10 mg
Authors: Allain Hervé , Bentué‐Ferrer Danièle , Breton Stéphanie Le , Polard Elisabeth , Gandon Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWe assessed the preference of insomniac patients between a single dose of 10 mg zolpidem or zaleplon, respectively, administered in random order on two consecutive nights. Fifty‐three patients (mean age 52.2 years, 51% females) with a history of recurrent episodes of insomnia and currently complaining of difficulties in falling asleep were included into a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study by 12 general practitioners. After each night, the patients were asked to fill in a sleep questionnaire and visual analogue scales (VAS) to subjectively assess both the quality of sleep (in the morning) and the quality of the day (in the evening). After the second study night, patients' self‐assessed preference was established through a drug preference questionnaire. 62% of patients preferred zolpidem, while 38% preferred zaleplon (p = 0.08). The quality of sleep items getting to sleep and quality of sleep were significantly more improved after zolpidem (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively). On the VAS, subjective sleep quality was significantly better after zolpidem (p < 0.0001). Diurnal awakeness and quality of day life were satisfying in both groups, without significant difference. The subjective total duration of sleep was 8.0 h for zolpidem and 8.1 h for zaleplon (n.s.). Safety was good and similar between the two drugs. Insomniac patients tended to prefer zolpidem to zaleplon on both nocturnal and diurnal assessments. These results provide additional information for the physician's choice, based on the patient's preference for a given drug. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements
Authors: Gruber Ronald P. , Block Richard A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractThe effects of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements were evaluated in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled experiment. After taking either 200 mg caffeine or a placebo, participants touched a 17‐sided polygon for 15 s. Then they verbally estimated the number of angles and the duration. Participants in the prospective group were told in advance they would be making a duration estimate, whereas those in the retrospective group were not told. Caffeine reduced duration estimates in the prospective condition but not in the retrospective condition. The effect of caffeine on very long duration comparisons (the past year compared with a year at one‐half and one‐quarter of one's age) was also evaluated, but none was found. The findings do not support the hypothesis that caffeine affects duration experience by increasing the internal clock rate as a result of its dopamine D2 agonist properties. The hypothesis that caffeine produces its effect by enhancing memory was considered and rejected. The most parsimonious explanation is that caffeine increased arousal level, which led to a narrowing of the focus of attention to the most salient task. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term efficacy and therapeutic drug monitoring of sertraline in major depression
Authors: Mauri Massimo C. , Fiorentini Alessio , Cerveri Giancarlo , Volonteri Lucia S. , Regispani Francesca , Malvini Lara , Boscati Luigi , Baido Rosita Lo , Invernizzi Giordano 
Published: July 2003

AbstractMaintenance treatment for depression should be considered as a chronic disease management programme. Several studies have reported that sertraline (SRT) can be useful in preventing relapses and recurrent episodes of major depression.Twenty‐three outpatients, 14 males and 9 females, affected by major depressive disorder, recurrent (DSM‐IV criteria) were included. The patients were prescribed 25–150 mg of SRT for 12 months and were evaluated at baseline (T0), after 15 days (T0.5), 30 days (T1), 6 months (T6) and 12 months (T12) by using the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS), Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HRS‐A) and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRS‐D). Plasma samples for SRT level determination were collected at T0.5, T1, T6 and T12. There was a positive relationship between SRT oral dose and drug plasma levels. Lower plasma levels, 25–50 ng/ml, were adequate for clinical maintenance treatment.Our data suggest that SRT seems to be effective and well tolerated at low dosages both in the acute and maintenance treatment of recurrent depression. Monitoring the SRT plasma level, even though not strictly necessary from a clinical point of view, can be useful in optimizing treatment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐dimensional hydraulic flood modelling using a finite‐element mesh decomposed according to vegetation and topographic features derived from airborne scanning laser altimetry
Authors: Cobby David M. , Mason David C. , Horritt Matthew S. , Bates Paul D. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAirborne scanning laser altimetry (LiDAR) is an important new data source that can provide two‐dimensional river flood models with spatially distributed floodplain topography for model bathymetry, together with vegetation heights for parameterization of model friction. Methods are described for improving such models by decomposing the model's finite‐element mesh to reflect floodplain vegetation features such as hedges and trees having different frictional properties to their surroundings, and significant floodplain topographic features having high height curvatures. The decomposition is achieved using an image segmentation system that converts the LiDAR height image into separate images of surface topography and vegetation height at each point. The vegetation height map is used to estimate a friction factor at each mesh node. The spatially distributed friction model has the advantage that it is physically based, and removes the need for a model calibration exercise in which free parameters specifying friction in the channel and floodplain are adjusted to achieve best fit between modelled and observed flood extents. The scheme was tested in a modelling study of a flood that occurred on the River Severn, UK, in 1998. A satellite synthetic aperture radar image of flood extent was used to validate the model predictions. The simulated hydraulics using the decomposed mesh gave a better representation of the observed flood extent than the more simplistic but computationally efficient approach of sampling topography and vegetation friction factors on to larger floodplain elements in an undecomposed mesh, as well as the traditional approach using no LiDAR‐derived data but simply using a constant floodplain friction factor. Use of the decomposed mesh also allowed velocity variations to be predicted in the neighbourhood of vegetation features such as hedges. These variations could be of use in predicting localized erosion and deposition patterns that might result in the event of a flood. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical descriptions of channel networks and their shapes on non‐vegetated hillslopes in Kemmerer, Wyoming
Authors: Raff D. A. , Smith J. L. , Trlica M. J. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractErosion prediction tools are essential for many different aspects of land management. In this paper we examine the applicability of scaling relationships developed for river networks for the description of hillslope erosion channel networks. Eight erosion channel networks were studied on mine spoil sites in Kemmerer, Wyoming. We analysed these networks using well‐known geomorphological relationships such as Horton's laws and Melton's law. An analysis of the erosion channel hydraulic geometry described by a series of power functions was also conducted. We found that the network geometry resembles larger river networks, and that the cross‐sectional shapes of individual erosion channels exhibit statistical characteristics of their larger river counterparts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal and spatial variation of annual rainfall on the island of Crete, Greece
Authors: Naoum S. , Tsanis I. K. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractAnnual rainfall records from the island of Crete in Greece were used with the aid of a geographical information system (GIS) to study the temporal and spatial rainfall characteristics. The GIS was used to produce a digital elevation model, delineate watersheds and estimate the areal rainfall from a network of raingauges by using different interpolation schemes. The rainfall–elevation correlation was significant, suggesting an orographic type of precipitation for the island. The rainfall records for the majority of the stations were found to fit the normal distribution. Deviation from normal for the rest of the records was attributed to the wettest year of 1977–1978. The year 1989–1990 was the driest, and most rainfall records showed a decrease in rainfall over 30 years with higher negative rainfall gradients at the higher elevations. Frequency analysis of the rainfall records was used to estimate areal rainfall for the island of Crete and its main watersheds for return periods of 2, 5 and 10 years. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy metal concentrations during storm events in a rehabilitated industrialized catchment
Authors: Blake W. H. , Walsh R. P. D. , Barnsley M. J. , Palmer G. , Dyrynda P. , James J. G. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractWater quality data collected on a fortnightly or monthly basis are inadequate for assessment and modelling of many water quality problems as storm event samples are underrepresented or missed. This paper examines the stormflow dynamics of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn) in the Nant‐y‐Fendrod stream, South Wales, which has been affected by 250 years of metal smelting, followed by 35 years of landscape rehabilitation measures. For storm events of contrasting (very dry and very wet) antecedent conditions in May 2000 and February 2001, respectively, temporal changes in streamwater heavy metal concentrations above and below an in‐line flood detention lake are analysed. At the upstream site, peaks in total metal concentration were recorded on the rising limb for Pb (0·150 mg l−1) and Cu (0·038 mg l−1) but on the falling limb for Zn (1·660 mg l−1) and Cd (0·006 mg l−1) in the summer 2000 storm event, yielding clockwise and anticlockwise hysteretic loops respectively. In contrast, metal concentrations, although high throughout the winter storm event, were diluted somewhat during the storm peak itself. The Pb and Cu appear to be supplied by quickflow processes and transported in close association with fine sediment, whereas Zn and Cd are delivered to the channel and lake by slower subsurface seepage in dissolved form. In the winter 2001 event, antecedent soil moisture and shallow groundwater levels were anomalously high and seepage sources of dissolved metals dominated. Downstream of the lake, Pb and Cu levels and suspended sediment were high in the summer storm, but low in the winter storm, suggesting retention with deposition of fine sediment in the lake during the latter. In the winter storm, Zn and Cd levels were higher downstream than upstream of the lake, perhaps because of additional seepage inputs from the surrounding slopes, which failed to have an impact during summer. An understanding of the complex interplay of antecedent soil moisture and the dynamics of subsurface seepage pathways in relation to the three‐dimensional distribution of sources is important in modelling heavy metal fluxes and levels in contaminated urban catchments. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimation of water renewal times for the middle and lower sections of the Yellow River
Authors: Liu Lüliu , Yang Zhifeng , Shen Zhenyao 
Published: July 2003

AbstractReplacement of water in a given hydrological component is one of the effects of the hydrological cycle. We introduce the concept of renewal time to express the rate of water replacement in a specific reach of a river. Based on stream‐flow data from the 1990s, a simple formula is used to estimate renewal times for several reaches in the middle and lower sections of the Yellow River (Huanghe) in China. These estimates reveal the following trends: (i) renewal times are shortest during the May–October period and (ii) annual renewal times tend to decrease when moving downstream from the middle to lower reaches. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of suspended particulate matter concentration from turbidity measurements: particle size effects and calibration procedures
Authors: Pfannkuche J. , Schmidt A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractMeasurements of suspended particulate matter concentration and turbidity point towards the possibility of a site‐specific algorithm (SPM), relating SPM to nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). In this paper regression models are presented that account for changes in the relationship of SPM and NTU as a result of changes in particle properties. The models have been developed by the use of daily measurements of SPM concentration and a continuous record of turbidity for the period from June 1996 to February 2001 in the River Elbe, a major river in the eastern part of Germany.The effect of changes in the particle properties with increasing water discharge was taken into account by varying the slope of a linear regression equation according to a logistic function. Water discharge, Q, was defined to be the only variable of this function—as an adequate substitute of the parameter bottom shear stress, which cannot be measured directly. Measurements of flow velocity in the River Elbe show that bottom shear stress is related almost linearly to water discharge up to bankful discharges.Regression models with slopes varying continuously with hydraulic parameters may account for the effects resulting from changes of particle characteristics and thus may have some advantages compared with models with a constant slope or models calibrated for different seasons. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.