bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of dysphagia at risk among older adults in nursing homes: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Li , Hu Zhao , Yang Liu , Xiang Yanhua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTo estimate the prevalence of dysphagia at risk among older adults in nursing homes. Electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Embase for English language, WanFang, VIP and CNKI for Chinese language were systematically searched to identify relevant observational studies published not later than July 4, 2021. Studies conducted in nursing homes and reported dysphagia screening or assessment methods were included. In total, 43 studies involving 56 746 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. The overall pooled crude prevalence of dysphagia at risk was 35.9% (95% CI: 29.0–43.4%), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 99.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in prevalence estimates with respect to study locations, dysphagia assessment staff and representativeness of samples. The prevalence of dysphagia among older adults in nursing homes is relatively high. Routine screening strategy for dysphagia is necessary for older adults in nursing homes.
Unconditioned response to a naturally aversive stimulus is associated with sensitized defensive responding and self‐reported fearful traits in a PTSD sample
Authors: Lewis Michael W. , Bradford Daniel E. , Akman Eylül , Frederiks Kevin , Rauch Scott L. , Rosso Isabelle M. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractUnconditioned responding (UCR) to a naturally aversive stimulus is associated with defensive responding to a conditioned threat cue (CS+) and a conditioned safety cue (CS−) in trauma‐exposed individuals during fear acquisition. However, the relationships of UCR with defensive responses during extinction training, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, and fearful traits in trauma‐exposed individuals are not known. In a sample of 100 trauma‐exposed adults with a continuum of PTSD severity, we recorded startle responses and skin conductance responses (SCR) during fear acquisition and extinction training using a 140 psi, 250‐ms air blast to the larynx as the unconditioned stimulus. We explored dimensional associations of two different measures of UCR (unconditioned startle and unconditioned SCR) with conditioned defensive responding to CS+ and CS−, conditioned fear (CS+ minus CS−), PTSD symptom severity, and a measure of fearful traits (composite of fear survey schedule, anxiety sensitivity index, and Connor‐Davidson resilience scale). Unconditioned startle was positively associated with startle potentiation to the threat cue and the safety cue across both learning phases (CS+ Acquisition, CS− Acquisition, CS+ Extinction Training, CS− Extinction Training) and with fearful traits. Unconditioned SCR was positively associated with SCR to the CS+ and CS− and SCR difference score during Acquisition. Neither type of UCR was associated with PTSD symptom severity. Our findings suggest that UCR, particularly unconditioned startle to a naturally aversive stimulus, may inform research on biomarkers and treatment targets for symptoms of pervasive and persistent fear in trauma‐exposed individuals.
Household grain storage decision in a transitory economy: Market liberalization and off‐farm employment
Authors: Wei Xiaoyun , Gai Qingen , Shi Qinghua 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe grain storage held by rural households, given its significant quantity and crucial role in household operations, plays a vital role in ensuring food security. This paper constructs a theoretical framework that encompasses household decisions regarding off‐farm employment, savings, and consumption, as well as the production, selling, and storage of grain. The theoretical model, driven by motivations of risk aversion and temporal price arbitrage, highlights the importance of market liberalization and off‐farm employment in shaping rural household grain storage decisions. Utilizing household‐level panel data from 2003 to 2020, we empirically validate that both market liberalization and off‐farm employment contribute to the reduction of household grain storage. However, these effects exhibit heterogeneity depending on the scale of household grain production and the specific crops cultivated. Significant impacts of market liberalization are observed among large‐scale producers who have greater exposure to the market. Furthermore, the storage of rice and corn decreases with an increase in off‐farm employment.
Kinetic modeling identifies targets for engineering improved photosynthetic efficiency in potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Solara)
Authors: Vijayakumar Supreeta , Wang Yu , Lehretz Günter , Taylor Samuel , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete , Long Stephen 
Published: November 2023

SUMMARYPotato (Solanum tuberosum) is a significant non‐grain food crop in terms of global production. However, its yield potential might be raised by identifying means to release bottlenecks within photosynthetic metabolism, from the capture of solar energy to the synthesis of carbohydrates. Recently, engineered increases in photosynthetic rates in other crops have been directly related to increased yield – how might such increases be achieved in potato? To answer this question, we derived the photosynthetic parameters Vcmax and Jmax to calibrate a kinetic model of leaf metabolism (e‐Photosynthesis) for potato. This model was then used to simulate the impact of manipulating the expression of genes and their protein products on carbon assimilation rates in silico through optimizing resource investment among 23 photosynthetic enzymes, predicting increases in photosynthetic CO2 uptake of up to 67%. However, this number of manipulations would not be practical with current technologies. Given a limited practical number of manipulations, the optimization indicated that an increase in amounts of three enzymes – Rubisco, FBP aldolase, and SBPase – would increase net assimilation. Increasing these alone to the levels predicted necessary for optimization increased photosynthetic rate by 28% in potato.
Complete genome sequence of the bacterium
Desemzia incerta
isolated from the dorsal skin of a Yucatan pig
Authors: Wei Monica , Knight Simon A. B. , Flowers Laurice , Walsh Jasmine , Grice Elizabeth 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

We have shown previously that an isolate of
Desemzia incerta
from porcine skin has antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. We present here the complete
D. incerta
genome containing one circular chromosome and five circular plasmids.
Metabolomics insights into the polyketide-lactones produced by
Diaporthe caliensis
sp. nov., an endophyte of the medicinal plant
Otoba gracilipes
Authors: Charria-Girón Esteban , Marin-Felix Yasmina , Beutling Ulrike , Franke Raimo , Brönstrup Mark , Vasco-Palacios Aida M. , Caicedo Nelson H. , Surup Frank 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Plants of the genus
Otoba
have been the basis for the treatment of tropical diseases in indigenous communities of countries like Colombia. Despite the lack of knowledge about their bioactive principles, endophytic fungi derived from medicinal plants are a prolific source of innovative chemistry. We systematically investigated the secondary metabolite production of a previously undescribed species of
Diaporthe
, herein introduced as
Diaporthe caliensis
sp. nov., using different metabolomics approaches together with classical chemical screening. To get an outline of the chemical space produced by this fungus, an exploratory molecular networking (MN) analysis was undertaken. A major molecular family was found to contain the known 10-membered lactone phomol (
1
), together with other putative congeners as compound
3
. After isolation by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, we confirmed phomol (
1
) as the main reason for the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract. The unknown absolute configuration of
1
was determined by the synthesis of α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl (MTPA)-esters and chemical degradation experiments. Moreover, caliensolides A (
2
) and B (
3
) were isolated, and their structures were elucidated as novel butenolides structurally unrelated to
1
. Overall, the initial MN analysis incorrectly clustered compounds
1
and
3
within a single molecular family, despite evident differences in chemical structures and biosynthetic origin. Contrariwise, the unsupervised substructure discovery algorithm MS2LDA provided a deeper understanding of the fragmentation patterns and correctly clustered the polyketide-lactones produced by
D. caliensis
sp. nov. Our findings encourage the exploration of Colombian fungal diversity, which as demonstrated here could result in the discovery of new natural products.

IMPORTANCE
The integration of metabolomics-based approaches into the discovery pipeline has enabled improved mining and prioritization of prolific secondary metabolite producers such as endophytic fungi. However, relying on automated untargeted analysis tools might lead to misestimation of the chemical complexity harbored in these organisms. Our study emphasizes the importance of isolation and structure elucidation of the respective metabolites in addition to deep metabolome analysis for the correct interpretation of untargeted metabolomics approaches such as molecular networking. Additionally, it encourages the further exploration of endophytic fungi from traditional medicinal plants for the discovery of natural products.
European Glaucoma Society research priorities for glaucoma care
Authors: Azuara-Blanco Augusto , McCorry Noleen , Tatham Andrew J , Georgoulas Stelios , Founti Panayiota , Schweitzer Cedric , Meier-Gibbons Frances , Denis Philippe , Tuulonen Anja , Johannesson Gauti , Martínez de la Casa José María , Prokosch Verena , Giannoulis Dimitrios A , Abegão Pinto Luis , Garway-Heath David , Topouzis Fotis 
Published: November 2023

Background/AimsThe goal of health research is to improve patients care and outcomes. Thus, it is essential that research addresses questions that are important to patients and clinicians. The aim of this study was to develop a list of priorities for glaucoma research involving stakeholders from different countries in Europe.MethodsWe used a three-phase method, including a two-round electronic Delphi survey and a workshop. The clinician and patient electronic surveys were conducted in parallel and independently. For phase I, the survey was distributed to patients from 27 European countries in 6 different languages, and to European Glaucoma Society members, ophthalmologists with expertise in glaucoma care, asking to name up to five research priorities. During phase II, participants were asked to rank the questions identified in phase I using a Likert scale. Phase III was a 1 day workshop with patients and clinicians. The purpose was to make decisions about the 10 most important research priorities using the top 20 priorities identified by patients and clinicians.ResultsIn phase I, 308 patients and 150 clinicians were involved. In phase II, the highest-ranking priority for both patients and clinicians was ‘treatments to restore vision’. In phase III, eight patients and four clinicians were involved. The top three priorities were ‘treatments to stop sight loss’, ‘treatments to restore vision’ and ‘improved detection of worsening glaucoma’.ConclusionWe have developed a list of priorities for glaucoma research involving clinicians and patients from different European countries that will help guide research efforts and investment.
Ramadan intermittent fasting and its association with health-related indices and exercise test performance in athletes and physically active individuals: an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Trabelsi Khaled , Ammar Achraf , Boukhris Omar , Boujelbane Mohamed Ali , Clark Cain , Romdhani Mohamed , Washif Jad Adrian , Aziz Abdul Rashid , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Glenn Jordan M , Chamari Karim , Chtourou Hamdi , Jahrami Haitham 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published systematic reviews, with/without meta-analyses, examining associations between Ramadan fasting observance (RO), health-related indices and exercise test performances in athletes and physically active individuals.DesignOverview of systematic reviews with assessment of reviews’ methodological quality.Data sourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SciELO.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSystematic reviews with/without meta-analyses examining associations of RO with health-related indices and exercise performances in athletes and physically active individuals.ResultsFourteen systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of observational studies, with low-to-critically-low methodological quality, were included. Two reviews found associations between RO and decreased sleep duration in athletes and physically active individuals. One review suggested athletes may experience more pronounced reductions in sleep duration than physically active individuals. One review found associations between RO and impaired sleep quality in athletes and physically active individuals. RO was associated with decreased energy, carbohydrate and water intake in adult-aged athletes, but not adolescents. One review suggests RO was associated with athletes’ increased feelings of fatigue and decreased vigour. No association was found between RO and athletes’ lean mass or haematological indices. RO was unfavourably associated with changes in athletes’ performance during high-intensity exercise testing.ConclusionContinuance of training during RO could be associated with athletes’ mood state disturbances, decreased sleep duration and performance decline during high-intensity exercise testing, while preserving lean mass. However, careful interpretation is necessary due to the low-to-critically-low methodological quality of the included reviews.
Financing networks of care: a cross-case analysis from six countries
Authors: Villalobos Dintrans Pablo , Wang Huihui , Roder-DeWan Sanam 
Published: November 2023

ObjectivesDescribe experiences of countries with networks of care’s (NOCs’) financial arrangements, identifying elements, strategies and patterns.DesignDescriptive using a modified cross-case analysis, focusing on each network’s financing functions (collecting resources, pooling and purchasing).SettingHealth systems in six countries: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the USA.ParticipantsLarge-scale NOCs.ResultsCountries differ in their strategies to implement and finance NOCs. Two broad models were identified in the six cases: top-down (funding centrally designed networks) and bottom-up (financing individual projects) networks. Despite their differences, NOCs share the goal of improving health outcomes, mainly through the coordination of providers in the system; these results are achieved by devoting extra resources to the system, including incentives for network formation and sustainability, providing extra services and setting incentive systems for improving the providers’ performance.ConclusionsResults highlight the need to better understand the financial implications and alternatives for designing and implementing NOCs, particularly as a strategy to promote better health in low- and middle-income settings.
Supplementation with fortified balanced energy–protein during pregnancy and lactation and its effects on birth outcomes and infant growth in southern Nepal: protocol of a 2×2 factorial randomised trial
Authors: Erchick Daniel J , Lama Tsering P , Khatry Subarna K , Katz Joanne , Mullany Luke C , Zavala Eleonor , LeClerq Steven C , Christian Parul , Tielsch James M 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionMany women in low and middle-income countries enter pregnancy with low nutritional reserves with increased risk of fetal growth restriction and poor birth outcomes, including small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and preterm birth. Balanced energy–protein (BEP) supplements have shown reductions in risk of stillbirth and SGA, yet variations in intervention format and composition and limited evidence on the impact of BEP during lactation on growth outcomes warrant further study. This paper describes the protocol of the Maternal Infant Nutrition Trial (MINT) Study, which aims to evaluate the impact of a fortified BEP supplement during pregnancy and lactation on birth outcomes and infant growth in rural Nepal.Methods and analysisMINT is a 2×2 factorial, household randomised, unblinded, efficacy trial conducted in a subarea of Sarlahi District, Nepal. The study area covers six rural municipalities with about 27 000 households and a population of approximately 100 000. Married women (15–30 years) who become pregnant are eligible for participation in the trial and are randomly assigned at enrolment to supplementation with fortified BEP or not and at birth to fortified BEP supplementation or not until 6 months post partum. The primary pregnancy outcome is incidence of SGA, using the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, among live born infants with birth weight measured within 72 hours of delivery. The primary infant growth outcome is mean length-for-age z-score at 6 months using the WHO international growth reference.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA (IRB00009714), the Committee on Human Research IRB at The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA (081739), and the Ethical Review Board of the Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal (174/2018).Trial registration numberNCT03668977.
Does injury risk increase when youth athletes start to study at a sports high school?
Authors: Ekenros Linda , Fridén Cecilia , von Rosen Philip 
Published: November 2023

Background/aimThe injury risk is high in adolescent elite athletes. However, little is known about how the injury risk changes when young talented athletes start studying at a sports high school. The primary aim was therefore to explore the risk of injury when the athlete starts to study at a sports high school. A secondary aim was to identify risk factors for injury.MethodsA total of 489 athletes (age 15–16 years) were followed for 20 weeks, including 10 weeks before and 10 weeks after the athlete had started to study at a sports high school. Substantial injury was monitored in adolescent elite athletes using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that the mean difference (md) in injury prevalence was significantly (p=0.001) higher across the 10 weeks after school had started (md 3.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 5.8), compared with the 10 weeks before. Female athletes had significantly (p<0.001) higher injury prevalence (md 6.4%; 95% CI 3.0 to 9.8) across the 10 weeks after school had started, whereas male athletes (md 0.9%; 95% CI −1.8 to 3.6) had not (p=0.530). Three significant (p<0.05) risk factors were identified; previous injury within the past 12 months (OR 3.23), higher training volume (OR 0.97) and lower well-being (OR 0.71).ConclusionsOur results provide supporting evidence for increased injury risk in female adolescent elite athletes after the athletes had started to study at a sports high school.
Addition of aspirin to venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis safely decreases venous thromboembolism rates in trauma patients
Authors: Lammers Daniel , Scerbo Michelle , Davidson Annamaria , Pommerening Matthew , Tomasek Jeffrey , Wade Charles E , Cardenas Jessica , Jansen Jan , Miller Charles C , Holcomb John B 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundTrauma patients exhibit a multifactorial hypercoagulable state and have increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Despite early and aggressive chemoprophylaxis (CP) with various heparin compounds (“standard” CP; sCP), VTE rates remain high. In high-quality studies, aspirin has been shown to decrease VTE in postoperative elective surgical and orthopedic trauma patients. We hypothesized that inhibiting platelet function with aspirin as an adjunct to sCP would reduce the risk of VTE in trauma patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study of prospectively collected data from all adult patients admitted to an American College of Surgeons Level I Trauma center from January 2012 to June 2015 to evaluate the addition of aspirin (sCP+A) to sCP regimens for VTE mitigation. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the potential benefit of adjunctive aspirin for symptomatic VTE incidence.Results10,532 patients, median age 44 (IQR 28 to 62), 68% male, 89% blunt mechanism of injury, with a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 12 (IQR 9 to 19), were included in the study. 8646 (82%) of patients received only sCP, whereas 1886 (18%) patients received sCP+A. The sCP+A cohort displayed a higher median ISS compared with sCP (13 vs 11; p<0.01). The overall median time of sCP initiation was hospital day 1 (IQR 0.8 to 2) and the median day for aspirin initiation was hospital day 3 (IQR 1 to 6) for the sCP+A cohort. 353 patients (3.4%) developed symptomatic VTE. Aspirin administration was independently associated with a decreased relative hazard of VTE (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.88; p=0.01). There were no increased bleeding or wound complications associated with sCP+A (point estimate 1.23, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.2, p=0.50).ConclusionIn this large trauma cohort, adjunctive aspirin was independently associated with a significant reduction in VTE and may represent a potential strategy to safely mitigate VTE risk in trauma patients. Further prospective studies evaluating the addition of aspirin to heparinoid-based VTE chemoprophylaxis regimens should be sought.Level of evidenceLevel III/therapeutic.
Penetrating chest injury secondary to an improvised home-made marble airgun: a case report
Authors: Japzon John Kristoffer Manicani , Mokamad-Romancap Halima O 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundAn improvised air gun with marble bullets, locally known as “Jolen Gun”, is a type of home-made gun using Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes and compressed air. It is mainly being used as a hunting tool in Central Mindanao. This “non-lethal” weapon has the potential in causing serious harm. There has been several incidents of minor injuries from this type of weapon in our institution but this is the first documented case of an improvised marble air-gun causing significant injury to the patient.Case reportA child was brought to a rural tertiary center after being shot in the chest using an improvised gun with marble as bullet. On evaluation, the patient had a single gunshot wound approximately 2cm x 2cm in size on the posterior chest at the right paravertebral area of the 4th thoracic vertebra. There was no exit wound noted. Chest CT done showed a rounded radiopaque foreign body seen in the right upper lung field with gunshot fracture involving the posterior aspect of the 4th rib. There was also pulmonary contusion of the right upper lobe and a fluid density at the right posterior pleural space attributed to a hemothorax. Open thoracotomy, removal of foreign body, repair of lung injury and debridement was done. Patient had an unremarkable post-operative course and was subsequently discharged.ConclusionAfter extensive search of both local and international literatures, this appears to be the first case involving a penetrating chest injury from an improvised marble air-gun which has been treated successfully. Although this is a low-energy type of weapon, it still has the potential to cause significant harm to the body. Relevant laws should be made to against the use of this type of weapon to prevent similar injuries in the future.