bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do Twitter users feel about telehealth? A mixed‐methods analysis of experiences, perceptions and expectations
Authors: Sazon Hannah , Catapan Soraia de Camargo , Rahimi Afshin , Canfell Oliver J. , Kelly Jaimon 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth use has increased considerably in the last years and evidence suggests an overall positive sentiment towards telehealth. Twitter has a wide userbase and can enrich our understanding of telehealth use by users expressing their personal opinions in an unprompted way. This study aimed to explore Twitter users' experiences, perceptions and expectations about telehealth over the last 5 years.MethodsMixed‐methods study with sequential complementary quantitative and qualitative phases was used for analysis stages comprising (1) a quantitative semiautomated analysis and (2) a qualitative research‐led thematic analysis. A machine learning model was used to establish the data set with relevant English language tweets from 1 September 2017 to 1 September 2022 relating to telehealth using predefined search words. Results were integrated at the end.ResultsFrom the initial 237,671 downloaded tweets, 6469 had a relevancy score above 0.8 and were input into Leximancer and 595 were manually analysed. Experiences, perceptions and expectations were categorised into three domains: experience with telehealth consultation, telehealth changes over time and the purpose of the appointment. The most tweeted experience was expectations for telehealth consultation in comparison to in‐person consultations. Users mostly mentioned the hope that waiting times for the consultations to start to be less than in‐person, more telehealth appointments to be available and telehealth to be cheaper. Perceptions around the use of telehealth in relation to healthcare delivery changes brought about by the COVID‐19 pandemic were also expressed. General practitioners were mentioned six times more than other healthcare professionals.Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study found that Twitter users expect telehealth services to be better, more affordable and more available than in‐person consultations. Users acknowledged the convenience of not having to travel for appointments and the challenges to adapt to telehealth.Patient or Public ContributionAn open data set with 237,671 tweets expressing users' opinions in an unprompted way was used as a source for telehealth service users, caregivers and members of the public experiences, perceptions and expectations of telehealth.
HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis services, provision, and delivery in the European treatment network of HIV, hepatitis and global emerging infectious diseases (NEAT ID)
Authors: Liegeon Geoffroy , Duffy Annie , Brooks Caroline , Honour Hannah , Pozniak Anton , Molina Jean Michel ,   the NEAT ID PrEP survey group
Published: December 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted a survey to evaluate HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) practices in a European clinical research network on HIV, hepatitis, and global infectious diseases (NEAT ID).MethodsAn online survey comprising 22 questions was sent via a secure electronic tool to the investigating physician of each of the 342 NEAT ID study centres across 15 European countries in November 2020.ResultsIn total, 50 sites from 12 countries responded (15% response rate). Most sites were in Western Europe, two were in Poland, and one was in Hungary. Of the responding sites, 45 provided PrEP services for a total of 27 416 PrEP users, with 1361 new PrEP initiators each month. These centres supplied PrEP for men who have sex with men (100%), people who inject drugs (84%), sex workers (84%), women (62%), and transgender women (31%). PrEP persistence after 1 year was >90%, 75%–90%, and 40%–75% in 17, 24, and 4 centres, respectively. In total, 32/45 (71%) centres reported strong community‐based organization commitment at their site, and 15/45 (33%) centres developed task‐shifting processes to deliver PrEP through nurses (11/15), pharmacists (5/15), and key‐population peers (2/15). The biggest barriers to implementation of PrEP were low awareness of and knowledge about PrEP (47%), unwillingness to disclose sexual identity or at‐risk behaviour (36%), and lack of administrative support (29%). Of the 45 centres, 32 (71%) have already been involved in PrEP research and 43 (96%) were interested in participating in such studies.ConclusionsThe few NEAT ID centres that responded to the survey showed disparities in PrEP deployment and practices despite a common interest in participating in research in this field.
The link between learner engagement and self‐regulation. A multiple case study
Authors: Mystkowska‐Wiertelak Anna , Bielak Jakub 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe topic of language learners’ engagement, which has enjoyed immense popularity in recent years, emerged more than 20 years ago from the explorations of individual and social variables in task performance. In the domain of second/foreign language acquisition, what has attracted much attention is the relationship between engagement and other approximate concepts, such as motivation, interest, or investment, but little is known about the connection between self‐regulation and engagement. Hence, the present study was undertaken to explore the connection between L2 learners’ engagement and their self‐regulated strategy use. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with two students, labeled by their teachers as highly engaged, and another two, described as disengaged. The results suggest that the two frameworks are interconnected but not fully analogous, with the main difference lying in the conceptualization of the role motivation
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Full‐body skin examination in screening for cutaneous malignancy: a focus on concealed sites and the practices of Australian dermatologists
Authors: Pham James P. , Allen Nicholas , Star Phoebe , Cust Anne E. , Stewart Cameron , Guitera Pascale , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Smith Annika 
Published: December 2023

AbstractBackgroundFull‐body skin examination (FSE) is a vital practice in the diagnosis of cutaneous malignancy. Precisely how FSE should be conducted with respect to concealed site inclusion remains poorly elucidated.ObjectiveTo establish the approach of Australian dermatologists to concealed site examination (CSE).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed consisting of an online self‐administered 11‐question survey delivered to fellows of the Australasian College of Dermatologists.ResultsThere were 237 respondents. Anogenitalia was the least often examined concealed site (4.6%), and 59.9, 32.9, and 14.3% reported always examining the scalp, breasts, and oral mucosa, respectively. Patient concern was the most frequently cited factor prompting examination, while many cited low incidence of pathology and limited chaperone availability as the main barriers to routine examination of these sites.ConclusionMost Australian dermatologists do not routinely examine breasts, oral mucosal, or anogenital sites as part of an FSE. Emphasis should be made on identifying individual patient risk factors and education regarding self‐examination of sensitive sites. A consensus approach to the conduct of the FSE, including concealed sites, is needed to better delineate clinician responsibilities and address medicolegal implications.
Comparative analysis of volatile components of fresh and dried Tuber indicum truffles with different extraction methods
Authors: Ma Yanmei , Feng Na , Zhou Shuai , Han Wei , Zhang Jingsong , Xiong Haikuan 
Published: December 2023

SummaryTuber indicum Cook&Massee (T. indicum) is mainly distributed in China, and it is also the truffle species with the largest yield China. Investigation and utilisation of its volatile components is still limited. By using headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the volatile components of fresh and dried T. indicum were compared in this study. It was found that after hot‐air drying of T. indicum, 73 components were retained in the truffles, and the remaining components changed during the drying process. The relative contents of alcohols and aldehydes in the dried truffles decreased by approximately 40% and 83%, respectively, while the relative contents of acids and esters increased by approximately 14 times and 5.5 times respectively. The drying process severely disrupts the flavour of the truffles. In advance, three extraction methods (steam distillation, Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2 fluid extraction [CO2‐SFE]) were performed on dried and fresh T. indicum, and their volatile components were compared. The results indicated that the alkanes extracted from fresh and dried truffles by steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction accounted for 30%–48%, while a richer variety of compounds were extracted from the two truffles by CO2‐SFE, with acids, esters and alcohols together amounting to approximately 70% in quantity, and they exceeded 95% in relative content. A richer variety of volatile compounds was extracted, and more fatty acids which yielded greasy, creamy, sweet and mushroomy aromas were enriched by CO2‐SFE compared to steam distillation and Soxhlet extraction. Therefore, CO2‐SFE extraction is a suitable method for extracting volatile components from T. indicum.
Development of microencapsulated dried Bacillus sp. 63‐11 with enhanced shelf stability and bioactivity for use as a food supplement
Authors: Khullar Gauri , Karami Zohreh , Prakitchaiwattana Cheunjit 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThe impact of drying processes and encapsulation techniques of Bacillus sp. 63‐11 was explored in relation to the stability and bioactive properties of microencapsulated particles. Modified starch (MS) or maltodextrin (MD) were evaluated using freeze drying (FD) or hot‐air drying (HD) protocols. The HD‐dried cells showed significantly improved viability and appearance when compared to FD. HD‐MD cells exhibited 2 log CFU higher viability, lower contamination, and deeper pigmentation than HD‐MS, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance as compared to fresh cells during storage, enhanced it's probiotic potential. HD‐MD cells also exhibited dose‐dependent antibiotic susceptibility, strong antagonistic activities and consistently high antioxidant activity, i.e., Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity at 0.4 g mL−1. Additional shelf‐life testing in five food models for 90 days revealed remarkable bio‐preservative potential, particularly in high‐fat models. The study highlights the impact on probiotic potential and bioactivity of hot air‐dried encapsulated Bacillus species.
Impact of protein blend formulation and extrusion conditions on the physical properties of texturised pea protein‐extended beef burgers
Authors: Chan Elyssa , Sinaki Nasibe Y. , Rodas‐González Argenis , Tulbek Mehmet , Koksel Filiz 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the physical properties of pea‐based texturised vegetable proteins (TVPs) and TVP function as a meat extender (20%–40% w/w) in beef burgers. TVPs were produced with varying protein blend formulas (PBFs) (70%, 76%, 82% protein on a dry basis), extrusion screw speeds (350–450 r.p.m.) and feed moisture contents (FMCs) (38% and 42%, db). Increasing PBF raised TVP hydration time and integrity index, while FMC and screw speed had no discernable trend on these properties. A select group of TVPs were applied as extenders in beef burgers which were tested for their cooking properties and textural quality. Higher FMC lowered total cooking loss (TCL) for some burgers but overall did not impact burger cooking properties or texture. Increasing the extension level reduced TCL and change in burger diameter (CBD). TVPs produced at the lowest PBF and higher FMC studied had the greatest potential in meat extender applications, as they decreased TCL and CBD while maintaining comparable texture to burgers without TVP addition. These lower protein TVPs with enhanced cooking quality can be economically advantageous for the vegetarian and flexitarian applications of plant‐based extenders.
Naturalizations have led to homogenization of the Malesian flora in the Anthropocene
Authors: Holmes Rachael , Pelser Pieter , Barcelona Julie , Tjitrosoedirdjo Sri Sudarmiyati , Wahyuni Indah , van Kleunen Mark , Pyšek Petr , Essl Franz , Kreft Holger , Dawson Wayne , Wijedasa Lahiru , Kortz Alessandra , Hejda Martin , Berrio Juan Carlos , Siregar Iskandar , Williams Mark 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAimWorldwide, floras are becoming homogenized at global scales, but regional patterns vary. Here, we present the first assessment for the Malesian phytogeographical region in terms of the timing of introductions, direction, magnitude and drivers of floristic change due to alien plant naturalizations.LocationMalesian phytogeographic region, including Southeast Asia and the Pacific.TaxonTracheophyta (vascular plants).MethodsWe compiled data on first records of naturalized plants in Malesia to investigate temporal trends in the rate and origin of introductions. We then calculated β‐diversity (including turnover and nestedness) for the native, naturalized and Anthropocene (native + naturalized) floras for each pair of island groups (36 pairs), and a homogenization index for the native and Anthropocene floras, using presence/absence data for 31,580 plant species. Mantel tests were used to investigate the geographic, climatic and anthropogenic correlates of dissimilarity and homogenization.ResultsAround 75% of all naturalized species documented to date were already reported for the first time within Malesia prior to 1950. This has led to homogenization between the historic (native) and contemporary (Anthropocene) floras for all island group pairs. Turnover was the most important process for driving compositional dissimilarity between island groups in Malesia in the native and Anthropocene floras, but homogenization resulted from decreases in nestedness and turnover. Differences in average taxonomic homogenization for island groups were associated with differences in their level of anthropogenic modification.Main ConclusionsThis study improves current understanding of the direction and drivers of floristic homogenization in one of the world's most diverse tropical regions. Alien plant introductions carry a long historical legacy in Malesia, and naturalizations of these plants have led to overall taxonomic homogenization of the region's flora. Expected increases in the magnitude of human modification, without appropriate policy, will likely lead to further reductions in the floristic uniqueness of island groups.
The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and haemoglobin A1c and the moderating role of glycaemic status in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: López‐Cepero Andrea , Pérez Cynthia M. , González‐Lorenzo Keyla , Suárez Erick , Ramos Alberto R. , Teng Yanping , Avilés‐Santa M. Larissa 
Published: December 2023

SummaryThis study investigated the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among Hispanics/Latinos in the United States and assessed whether this relationship was moderated by glycaemic status. This was a cross‐sectional analysis of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos cohort. The sample consisted of 13,394 participants with valid measures of obstructive sleep apnea, HbA1c, and study covariates. Obstructive sleep apnea was assessed with the apnea–hypopnea index and categorised as obstructive sleep apnea if the apnea–hypopnea index was ≥5 events/h. HbA1c measures were obtained through fasting blood samples. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h post‐load plasma glucose (2h‐PG) and use of antihyperglycaemic medications were used to define glycaemic status (i.e., normoglycaemia [FPG < 5.6 mmol/L (< 100 mg/dL) and 2h‐PG < 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL)], prediabetes [FPG 5.6‐6.9 mmol/L (100‐125 mg/dL), and/or 2h‐PG 7.8‐11.0 mmol/L (140‐199 mg/dL)], diabetes without treatment [FPG > 7.0 mmol/L (≥ 126 mg/dL) and/or 2h‐PG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L (≥ 200 mg/dL)], and diabetes with treatment. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate adjusted least square means. Overall, 25.9% of the sample had obstructive sleep apnea and 49.2% had normal glycaemic levels, 36.1% had prediabetes, 6.5% diabetes without receiving treatment, and 8.3% diabetes and undergoing treatment for it. Participants with obstructive sleep apnea had significantly higher adjusted mean HbA1c (adjusted mean [standard error] 5.85 [0.03)]) than those without (5.70 [0.02)]; p < 0.001). Models stratified by diabetes status showed that the association between obstructive sleep apnea (versus not) and higher HbA1c was only for participants with normal glycaemic status (adjusted mean [standard error] 5.27 [0.01] versus 5.30 [0.01]; p = 0.013) and prediabetes (5.59 [0.01] versus 5.66 [0.01]; p < 0.001). In conclusion, obstructive sleep apnea was associated with higher HbA1c in a diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States. This association was present only for participants with normal glycaemic status or with prediabetes. Studies are needed to further understand the clinical implications of the association between obstructive sleep apnea and HbA1c according to glycaemic status.
How gradients of climate and soil determine Mediterranean annual‐rich dryland vegetation
Authors: von Lampe Friedemann , Link Roman Mathias , Bergmeier Erwin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractQuestionsDryland annual plant communities constitute the most species‐rich small‐scale vegetation in the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, the composition and diversity of these units and the factors controlling their variation are still insufficiently understood. Therefore, we investigated species composition and richness patterns in relation to important environmental gradients provided by climate and soil.LocationCentral Crete, Greece.MethodsThe study is based on 82 plots of 4 m2sampled at altitudes between 11 and 1400 m a.s.l. We conducted vegetation relevés and soil analyses. We used generalised additive models to model species richness and community characteristics along the studied gradients. We then performed distance‐based redundancy analysis to determine the main environmental factors influencing species composition. To determine species of diagnostic value for bedrock types, we applied an indicator species analysis. Correlation tests were used to test the performance of the South Aegean Plant Indicator Values on our dataset.ResultsWe recorded 347 taxa (species and subspecies) of 43 plant families, and mean species numbers of 47.2 ± 12.5 per plot. While overall species richness varied only slightly along the analysed environmental gradients, significant changes were observed for relative proportions of species from different life forms and families. Soil pH and elevation had the highest influence on the variation in species composition (21.0% explained). We found 22 species indicative of calcareous rock and 24 species indicative of lime‐deficient rock types. The South Aegean Plant Indicator Values were relatively strongly correlated with environmental variables.ConclusionsResults indicate considerable species turnover both along climatic (elevation) and soil gradients, highlighting the special importance of soil pH. The data provided by our study are expected to supply relevant ecological background information for a pending classification of East Mediterranean annual‐rich vegetation.
Impacts of climate timescale on the stability of trait–environment relationships
Authors: Famiglietti Caroline A. , Worden Matthew , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Konings Alexandra G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary

Predictive relationships between plant traits and environmental factors can be derived at global and regional scales, informing efforts to reorient ecological models around functional traits. However, in a changing climate, the environmental variables used as predictors in such relationships are far from stationary. This could yield errors in trait–environment model predictions if timescale is not accounted for.

Here, the timescale dependence of trait–environment relationships is investigated by regressing in situ trait measurements of specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and wood density on local climate characteristics summarized across several increasingly long timescales.

We identify contrasting responses of leaf and wood traits to climate timescale. Leaf traits are best predicted by recent climate timescales, while wood density is a longer term memory trait. The use of sub‐optimal climate timescales reduces the accuracy of the resulting trait–environment relationships.

This study concludes that plant traits respond to climate conditions on the timescale of tissue lifespans rather than long‐term climate normals, even at large spatial scales where multiple ecological and physiological mechanisms drive trait change. Thus, determining trait–environment relationships with temporally relevant climate variables may be critical for predicting trait change in a nonstationary climate system.
Plant hormones mediate the interaction between oak acorn germination and rodent hoarding behaviour
Authors: Li Ying , Yang Xifu , Feng Enping , Zhao Kunming , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: December 2023

Summary

The interaction between animals and plants for seed dispersal and predation has received much attention; however, the underlying physiological mechanisms driving the responses of both seeds and animals remain unclear.

We conducted a series of behaviour and physiology experiments to examine the role of plant hormones in regulating seed germination and rodent hoarding behaviour in the Quercus variabilis and Leopoldamys edwardsi systems.

We found that acorns that were partially consumed by rodents had increased gibberellin (GA) levels and shortened germination time. Rodents preferred scatter‐hoarded abscisic acid (ABA)‐treated and intact acorns but consumed germinated and GA‐treated acorns; such treatment differences disappeared for inactivated acorns by boiling water. Moreover, we found that seven potential compounds may be linked to seed germination and rodent hoarding behaviour.

Our results indicate that acorns of oak showed rapid germination when facing predation risk, while rodents could identify the germination status of seeds for hoarding; GA and ABA may play an important role in regulating seed germination of oak and hoarding behaviour of rodents.
The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis targets the maize corepressor RELK2 to modulate host transcription for tumorigenesis
Authors: Huang Luyao , Ökmen Bilal , Stolze Sara Christina , Kastl Melanie , Khan Mamoona , Hilbig Daniel , Nakagami Hirofumi , Djamei Armin , Doehlemann Gunther 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic fungus that causes tumor formation on all aerial parts of maize. U. maydis secretes effector proteins during penetration and colonization to successfully overcome the plant immune response and reprogram host physiology to promote infection.
In this study, we functionally characterized the U. maydis effector protein Topless (TPL) interacting protein 6 (Tip6). We found that Tip6 interacts with the N‐terminus of RELK2 through its two Ethylene‐responsive element binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motifs. We show that the EAR motifs are essential for the virulence function of Tip6 and critical for altering the nuclear distribution pattern of RELK2.
We propose that Tip6 mimics the recruitment of RELK2 by plant repressor proteins, thus disrupting host transcriptional regulation. We show that a large group of AP2/ERF B1 subfamily transcription factors are misregulated in the presence of Tip6.
Our study suggests a regulatory mechanism where the U. maydis effector Tip6 utilizes repressive domains to recruit the corepressor RELK2 to disrupt the transcriptional networks of the host plant.