bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethylenediamine Alkoxylates and Their Use as Adjuvants in Glyphosate Formulations
Authors: Elsik CM , Stridde HM 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
N-phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate) is firmly established as the preeminent herbicide of choice in a wide range of applications for the crop protection industry. It is well known that the efficacy of glyphosate can be enhanced with the use of surfactant adjuvants. Surfactants based on amine chemistry seem to work especially well, and an adjuvant that has found widespread use in glyphosate is the tallowamine ethoxylate. While tallowamine ethoxylates provide excellent efficacy, they also have several limitations. They raise irritancy concerns and limit the maximum loading of glyphosate in the formulation concentrate.
It has been found recently that ethylenediamine alkoxylates can be used as effective adjuvants in glyphosate formulations. Specifically, they can be used in blended adjuvants for several functions. They allow a higher glyphosate loading over that provided by tallowamine ethoxylates alone. They also reduce the toxicity profile of the glyphosate formulation significantly. Ethylenediamine alkoxylates have passed EPA inert reassessment and are listed on the new 40CFR 180.960 “Polymers; Exemptions from the Requirement of a Tolerance.” This paper will discuss the utility of this new class of glyphosate surfactants.
Effects of Proposed Well-Graded Aggregate Gradations on Frost Durability of Concrete
Authors: Dilek U , Leming ML 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
More stringent gradation requirements than found in ASTM C 33 are sometimes specified to provide a more well-graded particle size distribution, presumably reducing voids, improving workability, thereby reducing water demand, and requiring less cement. Little information is available regarding the effects of gradation on frost durability. A two-phase study examined the effects of selected aggregate gradations on water demand, selected mechanical properties, and deicer salt scaling resistance. In the first phase, the effects of the “8-to-18” combined aggregate gradation, using crushed stone and natural sand, were examined. In the second phase, the effects of fine aggregate gradation were examined for manufactured sands with different angularities. This study found that water demand and deicer salt scaling were both compromised using the “8-to-18” approach. Little, if any, real difference in water demand and scaling resistance between well-graded and uniformly graded manufactured sands was found, however, angularity did have a significant effect.
Adhesive Bonding and Performance Testing of Bonded Wood Products
Authors: Frihart CR 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Despite the importance of durable wood bonds, the factors that lead to durability are not well understood, and the internal forces exerted upon the bondline are often overlooked. Durability requires that the bonded assembly resist dimensional changes of wood with fluctuation of wood moisture levels. Both bonding and bond breaking steps need to be understood at cellular and nanoscale, in addition to the larger spatial scales normally examined. With both internal and external forces being significant, interphase and bulk adhesive properties need to be better understood. Systematic studies of the bonding process, the forces upon the bondline, and the locus of failure using different types of adhesives and wood species should improve our ability to design wood adhesives. Modifications of wood surfaces, along with spectroscopic and microscopic analyses, are important tools to understand bond formation and failure.
Characterizing Dynamic Fracture Behavior of Adhesive Joints under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading
Authors: Simón JC , Johnson E , Dillard DA 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
An experimental evaluation of the dynamic fracture properties of an automotive epoxy is presented. Pronounced stick-slip behavior was observed in both quasi-static and impact tests of aluminum and composite adherends bonded with this adhesive. An experimental technique for conducting low speed impact of adhesively bonded automotive composite joints is presented. Based on the use of a modified drop tower, mode I, II, and mixed mode values for critical energy release rate were determined to create a fracture envelope for the composite/epoxy system. Because load measurements are erratic and unreliable at higher test rates, displacement-based relationships were used to quantify these energy release rates. Displacement data were collected with an imaging system that utilizes edge detection to determine displacement profiles, end displacements, and opening displacements where applicable. Because of the resolution of the image-based approach being used, determining crack length experimentally is difficult. As a result, numerical methods based on edge detection algorithms were developed to objectively determine the crack length based on the available experimental data in mode I, II, and mixed mode I/II configurations.
Rapid Determination of Sulfur in Liquid Hydrocarbons for At-Line Process Applications Using Combustion/Oxidation and UV-Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Tarkanic S , Crnko J 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
With the reduction in sulfur levels in gasoline and diesel products, it is necessary to have a method available which can precisely and accurately measure the very low levels of sulfur in these fuels. ASTM test method D 5453, Sulfur by Combustion and Ultraviolet Fluorescence (UVF), is a laboratory-based technology that has been widely used in the industry for such purposes for more than a decade. An on-line/at-process version of this technique is described which can complete a fast analysis in less than one minute. Thus, near real-time data can be obtained when refineries and terminals need to make rapid determinations of sulfur levels for process control and pipeline distribution decisions involving the new generation “clean” hydrocarbon fuels. Particularly discussed is the advantage gained for decision making involving detection of transport boundaries and related custody transfer issues.
Wear Behavior of Niobium Boride Coatings
Authors: Ingole S , Liang H , Usta M , Bindal C , Ucisik AH 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Boride coatings on corrosion resistant refractory metals are potentially used as implanting materials. In this research, we investigated wear mechanisms of boride coatings on pure niobium using a pin-on-disk tribometer. Surface morphology studied using scanning electron microscope shows the compressed boride layer with indistinguishable regions such as coating intermediate transition layer and the substrate. The surface analysis after wear tests was conducted using an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that the boride coating underwent deformation wear, and debris formed and accumulated at both ends of the track due to adhesion.
Determination of Crushing Strength of Cenospheres
Authors: Bartake PP , Singh DN 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Cenospheres are being used in various industrial applications mainly due to their low density, high crushing strength and good thermal and electrical insulation properties. However, for better and most effective usage of cenospheres as a filler material, it is essential to determine their crushing characteristics. With this in view, efforts were made to develop a methodology which can be employed for determining crushing strength of cenospheres easily. Details of the methodology are presented in this technical note, and its efficiency has been demonstrated by conducting pycnometric studies on cenospheres.
Fatigue Testing of Bone Cements — Comparison of Testing Arrangements
Authors: Soltész U , Schäfer R , Jaeger R , Gopp U , Kühn K-D 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Bone cements are a common tool for the fixation of high load bearing endoprostheses. One of the most important requirements for their safe function is sufficient strength under long-term loading conditions. Therefore, fatigue investigations are being performed increasingly in addition to the usual characterization by quasistatic tests. Meanwhile, such fatigue testing methods are also discussed by the responsible ISO-committee. Three testing procedures are considered: a 4-point-bending arrangement, a pure tensile test with flat tapered specimens, and a uniaxial tension/compression test with cylindrical tapered samples. Until now, a direct comparison of these three methods has not been conducted. The aim of this study is to compare the three procedures with respect to their applicability for the assessment of the fatigue properties of bone cements. Whereas tension/compression leads to uncertainties in the interpretation of the results, it turns out that bending and pure tension deliver consistent evaluations. With respect to practicability, simplicity, and costs, the bending test method, which is already standardized for the quasistatic testing of bone cements, is the preferred fatigue testing method.
Organohydrogel‐Based Soft SEMG Electrodes for Algorithm‐Assisted Gesture Recognition
Authors: Xu Yixin , Deng Lianjun , Lu Yuyao , Zhang Jianhuan , Xu Zhouyi , Xu Kaichen , Zhang Chentao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEpidermal electronics that can monitor physiological signals such as surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals attract widespread attentions in personalized healthcare, human–machine interfaces (HMI) and virtual/augmented reality (AR/VR). However, conventional electromyographic electrodes suffer from skin discomfort, susceptibility to motion artifact interference, and short service lifetime. Here, an organohydrogel‐based sEMG electrode endows with high conductivity, low modulus and long‐term stability is developed by doping partially reduced graphene oxide (pRGO) into highly cross‐linked organohydrogel network. The as‐fabricated polyacrylamide/sodium alginate/tannic acid/partially reduced graphene oxide (PAM/SA/TA/pRGO) organohydrogel possesses farewell conductivity (4.22 S m−1) while preserving tissue‐like compliance (Young's modulus ≈32 KPa), excellent stretchability (≈600%), high adhesion as well as superior anti‐drying properties. In addition, a stretchable sEMG electrode for long‐term reliable service is fabricated via immobilizing the organohydrogel electrodes onto a flexible very high bond (VHB) substrate. As a result, the integrated electrodes show high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) (35.15 db) comparable to that of the commercial electrodes. Furthermore, with assistance of deep learning, the proposed sEMG electrodes obtain high identification accuracy of 97.11% in distinguishing sophisticated gestures. This system can be further exploited for real‐time tele‐operations and offers broad prospects in human–machine immersive interactive application.
Electro‐field alignment in a novel metal–organic framework for benchmark separation of ethylene from a ternary gas mixture
Authors: Wang Lingmin , Zhang Yan , Zhang Peixin , Liu Xing , Xiong Hanting , Krishna Rajamani , Liu Junhui , Shuai Hua , Wang Pengxiang , Zhou Zhenyu , Chen Jingwen , Chen Shixia , Deng Shuguang , Wang Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne‐step separation of C2H4 from ternary gas mixtures containing acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) represents a great challenge in chemical industry. Herein, we report the electro‐field alignment in a novel anion‐pillared MOF (SIFSIX‐TEPE‐Cu) for benchmark C2H4 separation from C2H2/CO2/C2H4 gas mixtures. The semi‐cage cavities featuring capped facets generated negative potentials along anion pillars and compensatory positive‐charged electro‐fields along organic ligands (TEPE) that facilitate specific recognitions of C2H2 and CO2 over C2H4. As a result, SIFSIX‐TEPE‐Cu exhibits high adsorption capacities for C2H2 (123 cm3 g−1) and CO2 (65 cm3 g−1) at 1.0 bar and 298 K. Notably, the record‐high C2H2 uptake (78 cm3 g−1) at 0.01 bar and remarkable C2H2/C2H4 selectivity (615.2) renders benchmark trace C2H2 removal ability. Dynamic breakthrough experiments demonstrate the benchmark productivity for high‐purity C2H4 (>99.995%) of 194.7 mol kg−1 and 5.96 mol kg−1 from binary C2H2/C2H4 (1/99, v/v) and ternary C2H2/CO2/C2H4 (1/9/90, v/v/v) gas mixtures.
Zinc ion Batteries: Bridging the Gap from Academia to Industry for Grid‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Sailin , Zhang Ruizhi , Wang Cheng , Mao Jianfeng , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Chaofeng , Zhang Shilin , Guo Zaiping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractZinc ion batteries (ZIBs) exhibit significant promise in the next generation of grid‐scale energy storage systems owing to their safety, relatively high volumetric energy density, and low production cost. Despite substantial advancements in ZIBs, a comprehensive evaluation of critical parameters impacting their practical energy density (Epractical) and calendar life is lacking. Hence, we suggest using formulation‐based study as a scientific tool to accurately calculate the cell‐level energy density and predict the cycling life of ZIBs. By combining all key battery parameters, such as the capacity ratio of negative to positive electrode (N/P), into one formula, we assess their impact on Epractical. When all parameters are optimized, we urge to achieve the theoretical capacity for a high Epractical. Furthermore, we propose a formulation that correlates the N/P and Coulombic efficiency of ZIBs for predicting their calendar life. Finally, we offer a comprehensive overview of current advancements in ZIBs, covering cathode and anode, along with practical evaluations. This Minireview outlines specific goals, suggests future research directions, and sketches prospects for designing efficient and high‐performing ZIBs. It aims at bridging the gap from academia to industry for grid‐scale energy storage.
Recombinant production of a highly efficient photolyase from Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Torres‐Obreque Karin , Gonçalves Felipe Gobbi , Ferraro Rafael Bertelli , Fuentes‐León Fabiana , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins , Costa‐Silva Tales Alexandre , Monteiro Gisele , Perego Patrizia , Rangel‐Yagui Carlota de Oliveira 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight can damage DNA, inducing mutagenesis and eventually leading to skin cancer. Topical sunscreens are used to avoid the effect of UV irradiation, but the topical application of DNA repair enzymes, such as photolyase, can provide active photoprotection by DNA recovery. Here we produced a recombinant Thermus thermophilus photolyase expressed in Escherichia coli, evaluated the kinetic parameters of bacterial growth and the kinetics and stability of the enzyme. The maximum biomass (𝑋𝑚𝑎𝑥) of 2.0 g L−1 was reached after 5 h of cultivation, corresponding to 𝑃X = 0.4 g L−1 h. The µ𝑚𝑎𝑥 corresponded to 1.0 h−1. Photolyase was purified by affinity chromatography and high amounts of pure enzyme were obtained (3.25 mg L−1 of cultivation). Two different methods demonstrated the enzyme activity on DNA samples and very low enzyme concentrations, such as 15 µg mL−1, already resulted in 90% of CPD photodamage removal. We also determined photolyase kM of 9.5 nM, confirming the potential of the enzyme at very low concentrations, and demonstrated conservation of enzyme activity after freezing (‐20°C) and lyophilization. Therefore, we demonstrate T. thermophilus photolyase capacity of CPD damage repair and its potential as an active ingredient to be incorporated in dermatological products.
Unlocking Quercetin's Neuroprotective Potential: A Focus on Bee‐Collected Pollen
Authors: Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Arserim‐Uçar Dılhun Keriman , Materska Małgorzata , Sawicka Barbara , Skiba Dominika , Milinčić Danijel D. , Pešić Mirjana B. , Pszczółkowski Piotr , Moradi Donya , Ziarati Parisa , Bienia Bernadetta , Barbaś Piotr , Sudagıdan Mert , Kaur Preetinder , Sharifi‐Rad Javad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the quest to evade side effects associated with synthetic drugs, mankind is continually exploring natural sources. In recent decades, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) have surged dramatically compared to other human diseases. Flavonoids, naturally occurring compounds, have emerged as potential preventers of NDD development. Notably, quercetin and its derivatives demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties in the fight against NDDs. Recognizing bee‐collected pollen (BP) as a well‐established excellent source of quercetin and its derivatives, this review seeks to consolidate available data on the prevalence of this flavonoid in BP, contingent upon its botanical and geographical origins. It aims to advocate for BP as a superb natural source of “drugs” that could serve as preventative measures against NDDs. Examination of numerous published articles, detailing the phenolic profile of BP, suggests that it can be a great source of quercetin, with an average range of up to 1000 mg/kg. In addition to quercetin, 24 derivatives (with rutin being the most predominant) have been identified. Theoretical calculations, based on the recommended dietary intake for quercetin, indicate that BP can fulfil from 0.1 to over 100 % of the requirement, depending on BP's origin and bioaccessibility/bioavailability during digestion.
Fragment‐Based Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Aminoisoindole‐Derived Furin Inhibitors
Authors: Lange Roman W. , Bloch Konstantin , Heindl Miriam Ruth , Wollenhaupt Jan , Weiss Manfred S. , Brandstetter Hans , Klebe Gerhard , Falcone Franco H. , Böttcher‐Friebertshäuser Eva , Dahms Sven O. , Steinmetzer Torsten 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA 1H‐isoindol‐3‐amine was identified as suitable P1 group for the proprotein convertase furin using a crystallographic screening with a set of 20 fragments known to occupy the S1 pocket of trypsin‐like serine proteases. Its binding mode is very similar to that observed for the P1 group of benzamidine‐derived peptidic furin inhibitors suggesting an aminomethyl substitution of this fragment to obtain a couplable P1 residue for the synthesis of substrate‐analogue furin inhibitors. The obtained inhibitors possess a slightly improved picomolar inhibitory potency compared to their benzamidine‐derived analogues. The crystal structures of two inhibitors in complex with furin revealed that the new P1 group is perfectly suited for incorporation in peptidic furin inhibitors. Selected inhibitors were tested for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and a furin‐dependent influenza A virus (SC35M/H7N7) in A549 human lung cells and demonstrated an efficient inhibition of virus activation and replication at low micromolar or even submicromolar concentrations. First results suggest that the Mas‐related G‐protein coupled receptor GPCR‐X2 could be a potential off‐target for certain benzamidine‐derived furin inhibitors.
An Indole‐based Chromofluorogenic Probe for Detection of Trivalent Al3+, Ga3+, In3+ and Fe3+ Ions
Authors: Heena  , Yadav Vikas , Saini Saakshi , Roy Partha , Layek Samar , Goswami Tapas , Kumar Sushil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn easily synthesizable indole‐derived chromofluorogenic probe InNS has been demonstrated for recognition of trivalent metal ions (i. e., Al3+, Ga3+, In3+ and Fe3+). Both UV‐Vis and emission spectral studies have been employed to assess the cation sensing ability of InNS in semi‐aqueous medium. This probe exhibited a chromogenic response for these metal ions, and the related change was accompanied with the appearance of a new absorption near 376 nm. An obvious color change from pale yellow to dark yellow could also be noticed upon addition of the aforementioned metal ions to the probe's solution. Distinctively from the UV‐Vis analysis, the fluorescence behavior of InNS was completely different; it displayed a ‘turn‐on’ fluorescence response for only Al3+ among all the studied cations. The detection limit and the association constant (Ka) for Al3+ were determined to be 12.5 nM and 6.85×106 M−1, respectively. A potential 1 : 1 binding mode of Al3+‐InNS has been established based on Job's plot, 1H NMR and DFT analyses. The reversibility experiment was conducted using strongly chelating EDTA ion, and a corresponding logic gate has been devised. In terms of practical applications, the InNS has been utilized to detect Al3+ in human breast carcinoma (MCF‐7) cell lines displaying promising ‘turn‐on’ bioimaging experiments.
Green Molecular Transformation in Dual Catalysis: Photoredox Activation of Vitamin B12 Using Heterogeneous Photocatalyst
Authors: Shichijo Keita , Shimakoshi Hisashi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis concept focuses on dual‐catalysis using metal complexes and heterogeneous photocatalysts. Vitamin B12 derivatives are sophisticated metal complexes that facilitate enzymatic reactions in the biological systems. The B12 enzymes inspired reactions catalytically proceed in dual‐catalyst systems of B12 derivatives and heterogeneous photocatalysts, such as titanium oxide (TiO2) and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), under light irradiation. The cobalt ions in B12 derivatives are effectively reduced by photoexcited photocatalysts, producing low‐valent Co(I) species. The photoinduced nucleophilic Co(I) species react with an alkyl halide to form an organometallic complex with a Co−C bond. The Co−C bond dissociates during photolysis to generate alkyl radicals. Based on this mechanism, dual‐catalysis effectively promotes various light‐driven organic syntheses and light‐driven dehalogenation reactions of toxic alkyl halides. The trends of the dual‐catalyst system and recent progress in this field are discussed in this concept.
The frequency and phenological stage of foliar application of nutrients and biostimulant can increase sugarcane yield and biomass and bioenergy productions
Authors: Hervatin Cleber de Morais , Prado Filho Anibal Pacheco de Almeida , Momesso Letusa , Jacomassi Lucas Morais , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe impacts of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production include an extensive area of cultivation, high use of technology, and the generation of by‐products that must be utilized. Achieving higher productivity while reducing the expansion of cultivation is challenging. A potential strategy for increasing sugarcane yields and productivity is the foliar application of nutrients and biostimulants at different stages of sugarcane growth. The present study assessed the impact of the foliar application of nutrients (N, B, Cu, and Zn) and a growth regulator as biostimulant (indole butyric acid, gibberellic acid, and kinetin) on sugarcane metabolism, stalk and sugar production, and quality. Field experiments were performed at 17 sites during four growing seasons (2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2019–2020, and 2020–2021) using sugarcane with three harvest times (early, mid‐late, and late harvests). The treatments were as follows: (i) no foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients (control), (ii) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at the vegetative stage (VS) of sugarcane, (iii) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at the maturation stage (MS) of sugarcane, and (iv) foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients at both the vegetative and maturation stages (VMS). Foliar application did not increase ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase activity but increased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Peroxidase and catalase activities were higher, >100% and 45%, respectively, in VMS, whereas superoxide dismutase activity increased by 54% in MS compared with control. Consistent with these results, sugarcane had low hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in VMS. In addition, the plant biometric parameters were highest in VMS, which sugarcane produced 105, 92, and 86 Mg stalk h−1 in early, mid‐late, and late harvest seasons, respectively. In summary, the foliar application of the biostimulant and nutrients efficiently promoted the growth, productivity, and quality of early, mid‐late, and late harvest seasons. The positive effects of foliar application on the enzymatic and physiological responses of sugarcane can be achieved when applications are performed in both the VMS in all harvest seasons.