bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic issues for adolescents and adults with ADHD
Authors: Wasserstein Jeanette 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric syndrome once thought to disappear with maturation. Current data indicate that ADHD remains “hidden” in many of the grownups who had it as children. Adult prevalence rates range from 1% to 6% of the population. Research suggests the core childhood symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity shift with development, perhaps transforming into more overt difficulties in executive functions and affect regulation. ADHD is also usually nestled with other comorbid psychiatric conditions, especially in adolescents and adults, further complicating diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses how to recognize and diagnose ADHD in older patients. Key points include core symptoms present during childhood, appropriate family history in this strongly genetic condition, management of comorbidity, and the evolving role of diagnostic testing. Other medical causes for similar symptoms are considered. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 535–547, 2005.
Treating adolescent girls and women with ADHD: Gender‐Specific issues
Authors: Quinn Patricia O. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), commonly diagnosed in males, is often a “hidden disorder” in girls and women. This lack of recognition can be partially explained because the symptoms are less overt in females. In addition, coexisting disorders in females are often different from those seen in males who have ADHD. Higher rates of anxiety, mood, and substance disorders, as well as learning disabilities, often complicate the picture. Thus, clinicians are challenged with disentangling the symptoms of ADHD from symptoms of these coexisting conditions. In addition, fluctuating hormone levels may affect ADHD symptoms and treatment in females. Only with gender‐sensitive diagnosis and treatment will the public health concern posed by the underdiagnosis of ADHD in females be addressed. This case report of a 23‐year‐old female illustrates the specific difficulties with the gender‐sensitive aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in females. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 579–587, 2005.
Pharmacotherapy of adult ADHD
Authors: Dodson William W. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlthough attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been officially recognized as persisting into adulthood for more than 25 years, only recently has the condition been studied in adults. There is great syndromatic continuity between childhood and adult ADHD, and thus much of the medication management of adults with ADHD can be based on the experience gained from treating children and adolescents. Stimulant medications remain the treatment of choice and are generally as effective in adults as they are in children. Several extended‐release delivery systems that improve convenience and compliance have become available. Several second‐line medications are also reviewed. The medications must be fine‐tuned to the needs of the individual patient in regard to the dose and timing of dose that achieve optimal therapeutic benefit. Medication adjustment must be done by trial and error because no parameter yet identified predicts the molecule or dose that will provide optimal performance. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 589–606, 2005.
Psychosocial treatments for ADHD in teens and adults: A practice‐friendly review
Authors: Murphy Kevin 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAlthough stimulant medication is a cornerstone of treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), numerous nonpharmacological treatments can be employed in combination with medication to assist in the lifelong management of the disorder. A multimodal treatment combining psychoeducation, medication, psychotherapy, compensatory behavioral/self‐management skills, technological tools and devices, coaching, advocacy, and reasonable school or workplace accommodations is probably the most comprehensive and effective. This article describes a variety of psychosocial treatments that are commonly used for adolescents and adults suffering from ADHD. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol/In Session 61: 607–619, 2005.
Water‐saturated three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession for fast abdominal fat quantification
Authors: Peng Qi , McColl Roderick W. , Wang Jihong , Chia Jonathan M. , Weatherall Paul T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare the performance of a novel water‐saturated b‐SSFP sequence with that of a conventional T1‐weighted turbo spin echo (T1W TSE) sequence for abdominal fat quantification.Materials and MethodsA water‐saturated, segmented, three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state free precession (b‐SSFP) sequence and a traditional T1W TSE sequence were both employed on phantom and human studies. For phantom studies, a dual‐layered phantom with known internal/external oil volumes was imaged using the two sequences. Images obtained by the two sequences were both processed using a computer‐aided semiautomatic program for oil volume quantification. For human studies, six volunteers were scanned axially, centered at L2–L3 levels. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR)fat, contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR)fat‐muscle, CNRfat‐large bowel, and CNRfat‐small bowel were calculated on hand‐drawn regions of interest (ROIs), and averaged over all six slices for each subject. Statistical analyses were then performed to determine the SNR and CNR differences between images obtained by the two techniques.ResultsThe phantom studies show that water‐saturated b‐SSFP offers a significantly closer estimation of true oil volumes compared with that of T1W TSE (P < 0.0001), as well as a more accurate internal/external volume ratio (P = 0.0001). In human studies, three‐dimensional water‐saturated b‐SSFP images demonstrated higher CNR than that of T1W TSE (P < 0.0005), and very close SNRfat (P = 0.045).ConclusionThe proposed three‐dimensional water‐saturated b‐SSFP sequence can generate high quality fat‐only abdominal images with high CNR and SNR in shorter scan duration than the conventional T1W TSE approach. As images generated by this sequence suffer from no flow artifacts, and are less sensitive to bulk, respiratory, and bowel motion, three‐dimensional water‐saturated b‐SSFP is a faster and more robust method for improving abdominal fat quantification using MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:263–271. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Measurement of cervical spinal cord cross‐sectional area by MRI using edge detection and partial volume correction
Authors: Tench Christopher R. , Morgan Paul S. , Constantinescu Cris S. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo detail a procedure to accurately measure upper cervical cord cross‐sectional area (CSA), using MRI, by correcting for partial volume averaging (PVA), and to assess the usefulness of the procedure for measuring cervical cord atrophy rates in longitudinal studies.Materials and MethodsAnalysis of errors associated with measuring CSA in the presence of PVA is given. A numerical phantom image is produced, including simulated acquisition noise, to assess accuracy of the method in idealized conditions, and to verify the results of the error analysis. A phantom, consisting of 11 rods of known CSA, was scanned 10 times and measurement accuracy assessed. A total of 10 normal subjects were scanned twice to assess the reproducibility under experimental conditions.ResultsThe measurement error for the numerical phantom increased with increased simulated acquisition noise, as predicted by the analysis. Measurement of the plastic phantom revealed a systematic overestimate in CSA due to limited scanner accuracy of 3.15%. The scan–rescan error for the CSA of the cervical spine in the 10 normal subjects was 0.55%.ConclusionCorrecting for PVA allows accurate measurement of the upper cervical cord CSA and accurate measurement of a standard phantom to guard against scanner drift in longitudinal studies of cord CSA. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:197–203. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preoperative evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous tumors performed by pancreatic magnetic resonance imaging and correlated with surgical and histopathologic findings
Authors: Pilleul Frank , Rochette Anne , Partensky Christian , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Bernard Pierre , Valette Pierre‐Jean 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the location, type of ductal involvement, and malignant transformation of intraductal papillary mucinous (IPM) pancreatic tumors made in a preoperative routine exam.Materials and MethodsA total of 24 patients with histologic confirmation of IPM tumor (IPMT) were included in this study. The MR images obtained in operation patients were retrospectively assessed. Two radiologists who were unaware of the initial interpretations of the images independently analyzed the MRI studies and characterized the type of lesions, location, and signs of malignant transformation. Interobserver agreement was determined with weighted kappa statistics. After consensus of both radiologists, the observer performances for the MRI interpretations were compared with surgical and histologic results using weighted kappa statistics and Fisher test.ResultsAt macroscopic examination, lesions were of combined type in 17 cases and of branch duct type in seven cases. At histologic analysis, three cases were classified as benign, three as borderline tumors, and 18 as carcinomas (eight in situ, 10 invasive). The lesions were located mainly in the head or uncinate process (N = 16) or were diffuse or multifocal (N = 2). Excellent agreement was found between the interpreters (0.90) in the evaluation of ductal involvement, good in the evaluation of lesion location (0.80) and in the diagnosis of malignant transformation (0.74). The correlation between MRI and histopathologic results was excellent in the evaluation of ductal involvement (0.90, sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 94%) and moderate in the evaluation of lesion location (0.57, sensitivity = 87%, specificity = 56%) and in the diagnosis of malignant transformation (0.60, sensitivity = 83%, specificity = 83%).ConclusionMRI is an effective method of characterizing IPMT in preoperative practice. The predictive sign of IPM pancreatic tumor malignancy at MRI included only the presence of solid mass or mural nodules. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:237–244. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of relative forced expiratory volume of one second with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging parameters in healthy subjects and patients with lung cancer
Authors: Plathow Christian , Fink Christian , Sandner Alexandra , Ley Sebastian , Puderbach Michael , Eichinger Monika , Schmähl Astrid , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo assess relative forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1/vital capacity (VC)) in healthy subjects and patients with a lung tumor using dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) parameters.Materials and MethodsIn 15 healthy volunteers and 31 patients with a non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma stage I (NSCLC I), diaphragmatic length change (LE1) and craniocaudal (CC) intrathoracic distance change within one second from maximal inspiration (DE1) were divided by total length change (LEtotal, DEtotal) as a surrogate of spirometric FEV1/VC using a true fast imaging with steady‐state precession (trueFISP) sequence (TE/TR = 1.7/37.3 msec, temporal resolution = 3 images/second). Influence of tumor localization was examined.ResultsIn healthy volunteers FEV1/VC showed a highly significant correlation with LE1/LEtotal and DE1/DEtotal (r > 0.9, P < 0.01). In stage IB tumor patients, comparing tumor‐bearing with the non‐tumor‐bearing hemithorax, there was a significant difference in tumors of the middle (LE1/LEtotal = 0.63 ± 0.05 vs. 0.73 ± 0.04, DE1/DEtotal = 0.66 ± 0.05 vs. 0.72 ± 0.04; P < 0.05) and lower (P < 0.05) lung region. Stage IA tumor patients showed no significant differences with regard to healthy subjects.ConclusiondMRI is a simple noninvasive method to locally determine LE1/LEtotal and DE1/DEtotal as a surrogate of FEV1/VC in volunteers and patients. Tumors of the middle and lower lung regions have a significant influence on these MRI parameters. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:212–218. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A semiautomated technique for evaluation of uterine peristalsis
Authors: Kido Aki , Nishiura Masahide , Togashi Kaori , Nakai Asako , Fujiwara Toshitaka , Kataoka Milliam Lika , Koyama Takashi , Fujii Shingo , Asada Naoki 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the capability of a newly developed semiautomatic analysis technique for evaluation of uterine peristalsis in comparison with visual assessment.Materials and MethodsCine magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained from 16 normal volunteers in periovulatory phase. Sixty‐eight studies were evaluated by both visual evaluation and by a semiautomated computer assisted software. The software was developed by applying an automated contour tracking method and enables objective analysis of frequency, amplitude, velocity, and direction. Assessments were based on: 1) the recognition of peristalsis, 2) peristaltic direction and frequency, and 3) the way of recognizing peristaltic direction. The data obtained by both modalities were compared with those of previously reported ultrasound (US) findings.ResultsUterine peristalsis was identified in all studies by both objective and visual analyses. There was no significant difference in the identification of peristalsis, recognition of peristaltic directions, or peristaltic frequency (P > 0.05). Data were well in accordance with those in US literature. Peristaltic direction was recognized either by configuration change in the endometrium or by conduction of low signal intensity in the subendometrial myometrium and there was statistically no difference.ConclusionEvaluation of uterine peristalsis by the semiautomatic analysis accorded well with the results obtained visual assessments and previous US findings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:249–257. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Real‐time cine MRI of ventricular septal motion: A novel approach to assess ventricular coupling
Authors: Francone Marco , Dymarkowski Steven , Kalantzi Maria , Bogaert Jan 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate in real‐time, the effects of respiration in ventricular septal motion and configuration in normal volunteers and cardiac patients. Real‐time cine MRI studies, using the steady‐state free precession (SSFP) technique, were performed in the cardiac short‐axis during operator‐guided deep inspiration and expiration in normal volunteers (N = 6), and in patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP; N = 6), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM; N = 4), chronic cor pulmonale (N = 5), and pericardial effusion. The respiratory effects on septal position and configuration during early ventricular filling were visually assessed. Results were compared with the short‐axis breath‐hold cine MRI studies, obtained at end‐inspiration. In CP patients, onset of inspiration led to a leftward inversion in four of six patients and flattening of the septum in two of six patients during early ventricular filling. Septal abnormalities progressively disappeared during the following heartbeats. A similar pattern was found in one of six patients with pericardial effusion. The above pattern was absent in RCM patients. Although septal flattening during early inspiration was also found in two of six normal volunteers, flattening was minimal compared to that in CP patients. In all cor pulmonale patients, septal flattening or inversion was present, but this was not influenced by respiratory motion. Real‐time cine MRI is a promising technique for determining the influence of respiration on septal motion and might be helpful in differentiating between different causes of impaired ventricular filling. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:305–309. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of free radical scavenger (tempol) on intrarenal oxygenation in hypertensive rats as evaluated by BOLD MRI
Authors: Li Lu‐Ping , Li Belinda S. Y. , Storey Pippa , Fogelson Laura , Li Wei , Prasad Pottumarthi 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo demonstrate a differential response following administration of a free radical scavenger, tempol, in kidneys of hypertensive compared to normotensive rats.Material and MethodsData were obtained in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, N = 5). Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY, N = 6) were used as normotensive controls.ResultsConsistent with prior reports, SHRs show a significant response to tempol (R2*decreased from 40.56 ± 0.66 second−1 to 28.58 ± 0.6 second–1 in medulla, P < 0.05), while WKY rats exhibit a minimal change (R2* measuring 22.36 ± 4.38 second–1 pre‐tempol and 21.57 ± 4.78 second–1 post‐tempol, in medulla). The post‐tempol R2* in SHR was found to be comparable to pre‐tempol values in WKY rats, suggesting an improved medullary oxygenation in SHRs.ConclusionBased on both baseline R2* values and the differential effect of the free radical scavenger on renal medullary oxygenation, BOLD MRI can distinguish hypertensive from normal kidney in rats. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:245–248. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous arterial spin labeling using a train of adiabatic inversion pulses
Authors: Moffat Bradford A. , Chenevert Thomas L. , Hall Daniel E. , Rehemtulla Alnawaz , Ross Brian D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPurposeTo develop a simple and robust magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence for the quantitative measurement of blood flow in the brain and cerebral tumors that has practical implementation advantages over currently used continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) schemes.Materials and MethodsPresented here is a single‐coil protocol that uses a train of hyperbolic secant inversion pulses to produce continuous arterial spin inversion for perfusion weighting of fast spin echo images. Flow maps of normal rat brains and those containing a 9L gliosarcoma orthotopic tumor model conditions were acquired with and without carbogen.ResultsThe perfusion‐weighted images have reduced magnetization transfer signal degradation as compared to the traditional single‐coil CASL while avoiding the use of a more complex two‐coil CASL technique. Blood flow measurements in tumor and normal brain tissue were consistent with those previously reported by other CASL techniques. Contralateral and normal brain showed increased blood flow with carbogen breathing, while tumor tissue lacked the same CO2 reactivity.ConclusionThis variation of the CASL technique is a quantitative, robust, and practical single‐coil method for measuring blood flow. This CASL method does not require specialized radiofrequency coils or amplifiers that are not routinely used for anatomic imaging of the brain, therefore allowing these flow measurements to be easily incorporated into traditional rodent neuroimaging protocols. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;21:290–296. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateglacial and early Holocene palaeoclimatic reconstruction based on glacier fluctuations and equilibrium‐line altitudes at northern Folgefonna, Hardanger, western Norway
Authors: Bakke Jostein , Dahl Svein Olaf , Nesje Atle 
Published: February 2005

AbstractNorthern Folgefonna (c. 23 km2), is a nearly circular maritime ice cap located on the Folgefonna Peninsula in Hardanger, western Norway. By combining the position of marginal moraines with AMS radiocarbon dated glacier‐meltwater induced sediments in proglacial lakes draining northern Folgefonna, a continuous high‐resolution record of variations in glacier size and equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) during the Lateglacial and early Holocene has been obtained. After the termination of the Younger Dryas (c. 11 500 cal. yr BP), a short‐lived (100–150 years) climatically induced glacier readvance termed the ‘Jondal Event 1’ occurred within the ‘Preboreal Oscillation’ (PBO) c. 11 100 cal. yr BP. Bracketed to 10 550–10 450 cal. yr BP, a second glacier readvance is named the ‘Jondal Event 2’. A third readvance occurred about 10 000 cal. yr BP and corresponds with the ‘Erdalen Event 1’ recorded at Jostedalsbreen. An exponential relationship between mean solid winter precipitation and ablation‐season temperature at the ELA of Norwegian glaciers is used to reconstruct former variations in winter precipitation based on the corresponding ELA and an independent proxy for summer temperature. Compared to the present, the Younger Dryas was much colder and drier, the ‘Jondal Event 1’/PBO was colder and somewhat drier, and the ‘Jondal Event 2’ was much wetter. The ‘Erdalen Event 1’ started as rather dry and terminated as somewhat wetter. Variations in glacier magnitude/ELAs and corresponding palaeoclimatic reconstructions at northern Folgefonna suggest that low‐altitude cirque glaciers (lowest altitude of marginal moraines 290 m) in the area existed for the last time during the Younger Dryas. These low‐altitude cirque glaciers of suggested Younger Dryas age do not fit into the previous reconstructions of the Younger Dryas ice sheet in Hardanger. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for an extreme climatic event on Achill Island, Co. Mayo, Ireland around 5200–5100 cal. yr BP
Authors: Caseldine C. , Thompson G. , Langdon C. , Hendon D. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractA range of detailed palaeoenvironmental analyses carried out on a series of three peat profiles from Achill Island, Co. Mayo, western Ireland, reveal evidence for an extreme climatic event, probably a storm or series of storms, around 5200–5100 cal. yr BP that caused the deposition of an extensive layer of silt across blanket peat. This event followed a period of relatively dry climate during which Neolithic communities expanded in the region. There was a subsequent period of continuing dry conditions allowing extensive colonisation of the peat by Pinus before a shift to wetter conditions characteristic of the later Holocene. The extreme climatic event is possibly linked to human abandonment of the area comparable to that observed from the work on the internationally significant Céide Fields in the same region. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pheochromocytoma and functional paraganglioma syndrome: No longer the 10% tumor
Authors: Elder Elisabeth Edström , Elder Grahame , Larsson Catharina 
Published: February 2005

AbstractPheochromocytomas and abdominal paragangliomas are catecholamine‐producing tumors of the sympathetic nervous system, while head and neck paragangliomas are non‐secreting tumors of parasympathetic origin. Recent developments in clinical and molecular research on these tumor forms have significantly clarified their genetic backgrounds and challenged the view of “pheochromocytoma as the 10% rule tumor.” Firstly, a larger proportion of these tumors are today discovered in normotensive patients during imaging carried out for other reasons than suspicion of pheochromocytoma. Secondly, although the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors remains a challenge, the risk of malignancy well exceeds the classical 10% in patients with extra‐adrenal disease, and/or carriers of germ‐line SDHB mutations. Finally, up to a third of patients carry a germ‐line mutation in a gene predisposing to pheochromocytoma and/or paraganglioma. Identification of a constitutional mutation in RET, VHL, SDHD, or SDHB has implications for clinical screening and follow‐up for both the patient and for relatives at risk who can be identified by screening for the same mutation. Genetic testing in apparently sporadic cases is therefore regarded as beneficial, especially in patients diagnosed before 50 years of age, and in patients with bilateral, multifocal, malignant and/or extra‐adrenal disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2005;89:193–201. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.