bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics Controlled Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Ge Jinghao , Chen Ran , Ma Yabin , Wang Yunfan , Hu Yingjie , Zhang Lu , Li Fengzhu , Ma Xiaokang , Tsang Sai‐Wing , You Jiaxue , Jen Alex K. Y. , Liu Shengzhong Frank 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells have recently developed rapidly compared to crystalline silicon solar cells. To have an effective way to control the crystallization of perovskite thin films is the key for achieving good device performance. However, a paradox in perovskite crystallization is from the mismatch between nucleation and Oswald ripening. Usually, the large numbers of nucleation sites tend to weak Oswald ripening. Here, we proposed a new mechanism to promote the formation of nucleation sites by reducing surface energy from 44.9 mN/m to 36.1 mN/m, to spontaneously accelerate the later Oswald ripening process by improving the grain solubility through the elastic modulus regulation. The ripening rate is increased from 2.37 Åm ⋅ s−1 to 4.61 Åm ⋅ s−1 during annealing. Finally, the solar cells derived from the optimized films showed significantly improved PCE from 23.14 % to 25.32 %. The long‐term stability tests show excellent thermal stability (the optimized device without encapsulation maintaining 82 % of its initial PCE after 800 h aging at 85 °C) and an improved light stability under illumination. This work provides a new method, the elastic modulus regulation, to enhance the ripening process.
Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric with Afterglow Emission
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Xu , Wang He , Ni Hao‐Fei , Wang Na , Wang Chang‐Feng , Huang Pei‐Zhi , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Teri Gele , Fu Da‐Wei , Zhang Yujian , An Zhongfu , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLuminescent ferroelectrics are holding exciting prospect for integrated photoelectronic devices due to potential light‐polarization interactions at electron scale. Integrating ferroelectricity and long‐lived afterglow emission in a single material would offer new possibilities for fundamental research and applications, however, related reports have been a blank to date. For the first time, we here achieved the combination of notable ferroelectricity and afterglow emission in an organic‐inorganic hybrid material. Remarkably, the presented (4‐methylpiperidium)CdCl3 also shows noticeable antiferroelectric behavior. The implementation of cationic customization and halogen engineering not only enables a dramatic enhancement of Curie temperature of 114.4 K but also brings a record longest emission lifetime up to 117.11 ms under ambient conditions, realizing a leapfrog improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared to reported hybrid ferroelectrics so far. This finding would herald the emergence of novel application potential, such as multi‐level density data storage or multifunctional sensors, towards the future integrated optoelectronic devices with multitasking capabilities.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−SCF3 Coupling of Carbon‐Centered Benzyl Radicals with (Me4N)SCF3
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tian Yu , Liu Xiao‐Dong , Luan Cheng , Liu Ji‐Ren , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Li Zhong‐Liang , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn contrast with the well‐established C(sp2)−SCF3 cross‐coupling to forge the Ar−SCF3 bond, the corresponding enantioselective coupling of readily available alkyl electrophiles to forge chiral C(sp3)−SCF3 bond has remained largely unexplored. We herein disclose a copper‐catalyzed enantioselective radical C(sp3)−SCF3 coupling of a range of secondary/tertiary benzyl radicals with the easily available (Me4N)SCF3 reagent. The key to the success lies in the utilization of chiral phosphino‐oxazoline‐derived anionic N,N,P‐ligands through tuning electronic and steric effects for the simultaneous control of the reaction initiation and enantioselectivity. This strategy can successfully realize two types of asymmetric radical reactions, including enantioconvergent C(sp3)−SCF3 cross‐coupling of racemic benzyl halides and three‐component 1,2‐carbotrifluoromethylthiolation of arylated alkenes under mild reaction conditions. It therefore provides a highly flexible platform for the rapid assembly of an array of enantioenriched SCF3‐containing molecules of interest in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
A Platform Approach to Cleavable Macrocycles for the Controlled Disassembly of Mechanically Caged Molecules
Authors: Saady Abed , Malcolm Georgia K. , Fitzpatrick Matthew P. , Pairault Noel , Tizzard Graham J. , Mohammed Soran , Tavassoli Ali , Goldup Stephen M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInspired by interlocked oligonucleotides, peptides and knotted proteins, synthetic systems where a macrocycle cages a bioactive species that is “switched on” by breaking the mechanical bond have been reported. However, to date, each example uses a bespoke chemical design. Here we present a platform approach to mechanically caged structures wherein a single macrocycle precursor is diversified at a late stage to include a range of trigger units that control ring opening in response to enzymatic, chemical, or photochemical stimuli. We also demonstrate that our approach is applicable to other classes of macrocycles suitable for rotaxane and catenane formation.
Dopants Induce Persistent Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Triarylamine Boronate Esters
Authors: Wu Zhu , Bergmann Katrina , Hudson Zachary M. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurely organic materials exhibiting room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are promising candidates for oxygen sensors and information encryption owing to their cost‐effective and environmentally friendly nature. Herein, we report a bimolecular RTP system where DTBU acts as the guest and TBBU serves as the host. In contrast to previously reported results, we find that both pure DTBU and TBBU do not exhibit RTP in the solid state even under N2 atmosphere. A DTBU/TBBU system with a low doping ratio (0.1 mol %) exhibits persistent yellowish‐green afterglow with a lifetime of 340 ms and is highly sensitive to oxygen. A DTBU/TBBU system with a higher doping ratio (10 mol %) maintains a phosphorescence lifetime of 179 ms under air. Applications of DTBU/TBBU at varied doping ratios in both oxygen sensing and information encryption are demonstrated. We propose that the T1 state of TBBU acts as an energy transfer intermediate between Tn and T1 of DTBU, ultimately leading to the generation of persistent RTP. Overall, this work demonstrates the critical importance of material purity in the design of RTP systems, and how an understanding of host–guest doping enables their photophysical properties to be precisely tuned.
Composition and oxidative stability of silflower (Silphium integrifolium) seed oil and its potential as a new source of squalene
Authors: Hwang Hong‐Sik , Liu Sean X. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Singh Mukti , Van Tassel David L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSilphium integrifolium Michx. (silflower), a perennial plant, is of great interest as a potential new oilseed crop due to its long, strong, deep, extensive root systems, which can prevent erosion, capture dissolved nitrogen, and out‐compete weeds eliminating the need for frequent irrigation and herbicide uses. In this study, oil was extracted from unhulled silflower seeds, and its composition and oxidative stability were evaluated. The oil content in unhulled silflower seeds was 15.2% (wt/wt), and its fatty acid composition was similar to that of sunflower oil. The level of total polar compounds (TPC) in the oil was 12.3% (wt/wt), and the content of total phenolics was 1.12 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g oil. Noteworthily, 4.89% squalene was isolated from silflower oil indicating its potential application as an alternative source of squalene. Silflower oil had lower oxidative stability as indicated by the oxidative stability index (OSI) at 110°C and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), presumably due to its high level of chlorophyll (1002.8 mg/kg). Even after a typical refining process involving degumming, alkali refining, and bleaching with Fuller's earth, silflower oil contained 725.5 mg/kg chlorophyll, and its oxidative stability was not improved. Further treatments with bleaching agents including bentonite, sepiolite, and Tonsil® lowered the chlorophyll level to 4.2, 474.5, and 38.5 mg/kg, respectively, and some aspects of oxidative stability were improved and better than those of refined sunflower oil. This study presents the potential of silflower oil as new edible oil and a great plant source of squalene.
Implementing a Standardized Phase‐of‐Care Craniotomy Education Program
Authors: Watford Christina , Fencl Jennifer 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTLeaders at a community hospital in the southeastern United States sought to add a craniotomy program to meet the needs of the local patient population. Perioperative and critical‐care nurses required specific knowledge and skills to care for patients undergoing craniotomy procedures. The facility's education team applied adult learning theories and an innovation diffusion framework when developing an evidence‐based craniotomy education program. A clinical nurse specialist conducted a gap analysis and readiness assessment to determine the nurses’ knowledge, skills, and competence to care for patients; attitudes and behaviors toward implementation of the new program; and preferred learning methods. The three‐tiered phase‐of‐care education program included didactic learning sessions, shadowing experiences, hands‐on experience with equipment, and simulation sessions. The program focused on effective collaboration and care transitions. Nurses were satisfied with the program, and they continue to participate in ongoing quarterly simulation sessions with case study scenarios to enhance their skills.
Preparation of Cu(OH)2/Cu2S arrays for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu Xiangchao , Qiao Fen , Liu Yanzhen , Liu Wenjie 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCu(OH)2 has the advantages of ease of structural regulation, good conductivity, and relatively low cost, making it a suitable candidate material for use as an electrocatalyst. However, its catalytic efficiency and stability still need to be improved further. Therefore, Cu(OH)2/Cu2S was successfully prepared on copper foam (CF) using the in situ growth and hydrothermal method. The structural characterization showed that sulfidation treatment induced transformation of Cu(OH)2/CF from smooth nanorods into a coral‐like structure, which exposed more active sites of Cu(OH)2/Cu2S and enhanced the performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Compared with Cu(OH)2, Cu(OH)2/Cu2S showed better alkaline HER performance, especially when the vulcanization concentration was 0.1 M, the overpotential of Cu(OH)2/Cu2S was 174 mV, and the reaction kinetics was 64 mv dec−1 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. In this work, the morphology and electronic structure of copper‐based metal sulfide electrocatalysts were adjusted by sulfide treatment, which provided a new reference for improving HER performance.
‘It's a sanity restorer’: Narcotics anonymous (NA) as recovery capital during COVID‐19 in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Mappledoram Meghan , Blake Denise , McGuigan Kathryn , Hodgetts Darrin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractNarcotics Anonymous has flourished globally across 143 countries as a key community response to problematic substance use, despite disruptions, including the COVID‐19 pandemic. This research sought to understand how the Aotearoa New Zealand Narcotics Anonymous (NA) community engaged with NA meetings online during the 2020–2021 COVID‐19 pandemic. During in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews, 11 NA members shared their stories of addiction, abstinence‐based recovery, experiences of NA and managing pandemic restrictions. A narrative analysis identified four tropes particularly relating to how community members managed during the pandemic: responding via technology; maintaining recovery connections; creating opportunities; and consistency. Each trope showcases how NA members were able to connect online and garner support for their abstinence‐based recoveries and, more generally, during unprecedented times. In addition, the NA members in this research narrated the opportunities the pandemic restrictions created for them, such as engaging with the NA programme in new ways and improving their quality of life. Members of NA were able to maintain their psychological, physical, spiritual and community wellbeing during the COVID‐19 pandemic primarily due to existing recovery capital—peer‐based support and the principles of the 12‐steps of NA. The implications are that access to peer‐based communities and salient recovery identities are pivotal during ordinary and extraordinary times. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Structural insights into the semiquinone form of human Cytochrome P450 reductase by DEER distance measurements between a native flavin and a spin labelled non‐canonical amino acid
Authors: Bizet Maxime , Byrne Deborah , Biaso Frédéric , Gerbaud Guillaume , Etienne Emilien , Briola Giuseppina , Guigliarelli Bruno , Urban Philippe , Dorlet Pierre , Kalai Tamas , Truan Gilles , Martinho Marlène 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe flavoprotein Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is the unique electron pathway from NADPH to Cytochrome P450 (CYPs). The conformational dynamics of human CPR in solution, which involves transitions from a “locked/closed” to an “unlocked/open” state, is crucial for electron transfer. To date, however, the factors guiding these changes remain unknown. By Site‐Directed Spin Labelling coupled to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy, we have incorporated a non‐canonical amino acid onto the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domains of soluble human CPR, and labelled it with a specific nitroxide spin probe. Taking advantage of the endogenous FMN cofactor, we successfully measured for the first time, the distance distribution by DEER between the semiquinone state FMNH• and the nitroxide. The DEER data revealed a salt concentration‐dependent distance distribution, evidence of an “open” CPR conformation at high salt concentrations exceeding previous reports. We also conducted molecular dynamics simulations which unveiled a diverse ensemble of conformations for the “open” semiquinone state of the CPR at high salt concentration. This study unravels the conformational landscape of the one electron reduced state of CPR, which had never been studied before.
Gold‐catalyzed endo‐selective Ring‐opening of Epoxides and its Application in Construction of Poly‐ethers
Authors: Wu Kehuan , Kang Kaiwen , Liu Dan , Zhang Chiyue , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Miaocheng , Li Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractTetrahydropyran and tetrahydropyran‐fused poly‐ethers scaffolds are found in many classes of natural products and medicinally relevant small molecules. Here we describe a catalytic system for 6‐endo selective ring‐opening of epoxides by Au(I) or Au(III) catalyst that provides rapid access to various tetrahydropyran‐derived motifs. It also could efficiently construct the subunits of marine ladder‐like poly‐ethers through emulating the Nakanishi's hypothesis on the biosynthesis of these toxins. The synthetic utility of this method is also demonstrated in the preparation of the tricyclic core of tetrahydropyran‐containing macrolide natural products lituarines A−C.
Preparation of SnO2@graphite Anode based on the Oriented Deposition Methodology with Superior Electrode Behavior for Li Ion Battery
Authors: Jin Peng , Zhang Xilu , Li Long , Ma Xinlong , Chong Yiting , Pruksawan Sirawit , Wang Fuke 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSnO2‐based anode materials are deemed to be one of the most prospective anode materials for Li ion batteries (LIBs) with higher theoretical capacity as compared to conventional graphite. However, the weak electrical conduction and large volume expansion limit its application in eVeryday life. Here, a simple and low‐cost oriented deposition methodology is developed to prepare SnO2@graphite composite, which is obtained based on the redox reaction mechanism between SnSO4 and graphite. SnO2 nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the carbon layer of graphite. The close anchoring of SnO2 in graphite effectively inhibits the volume expansion of SnO2 during lithiation/delithiation processes, and good combination state between them guarantees the excellent electrical conductivity of the composite. As anode for LIBs, SnO2@graphite electrode delivers superior reversible capacity and provides an improved rate capability compared to graphite electrode. Benefiting from the tight combination of SnO2 and graphite, the Li ion diffusion coefficient of SnO2@graphite electrode is almost twice that of graphite electrode. Pairing with LiFePO4 cathode, the SnO2@graphite/LiFePO4 full cell exhibits higher energy/power densities by comparison with graphite/LiFePO4. Besides, this advanced SnO2@graphite composite material with superior anode behavior can be mass produced by the reported methodology.
ROR1 expression in mature B lymphoid neoplasms by flow cytometry
Authors: de Sousa Flávia Arandas , Millan Nádila Magalhães , Correia Rodolfo Patussi , da Costa Vaz Andressa , Schimidell Daniela , Miyamoto Priscila Carmona , Passaro Marilia Sandoval , Nogueira Bruna Garcia , Souto Elizabeth Xisto , Bacal Nydia Strachman , Bento Laiz Camerão 
Published: January 2024

AbstractImmunophenotyping by flow cytometry is an integral part of the diagnosis and classification of leukemias/lymphomas. The expression of ROR1 associated with chronic B lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is well described in the literature, both in its diagnosis and in the follow‐up of minimal residual disease (MRD) research, however, there are few studies regarding the expression pattern of ROR1 in other subtypes of mature B lymphoid neoplasms. With the aim of evaluating the expression of ROR1 and associating it with the expression of other important markers for the differentiation of mature B lymphoid neoplasms (MBLN), 767 samples of cases that entered our laboratory for immunophenotyping with clinical suspicion of MBLN were studied. ROR1 expression is predominant in CD5+/CD10− neoplasms. Overall, positive ROR1 expression was observed in 461 (60.1%) cases. The CD5+/CD10− group had a significantly higher proportion of ROR1 positive samples (89.9%) and more brightly expressed ROR1 than the other groups. Our results highlight the importance of evaluating ROR1 expression in the diagnosis of MBLN to contribute to the differential diagnosis, and possibly therapy of mainly CLL, and indicate that this marker could be considered as a useful addition to immunophenotypic panels, particularly for more challenging cases.
Variance reflects resilience to disturbance along a stress gradient: Experimental evidence from coastal marshes
Authors: Wang Yinhua , Guo Hongyu , Alber Merryl , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractQuantifying ecosystem resilience to disturbance is important for understanding the effects of disturbances on ecosystems, especially in an era of rapid global change. However, there are few studies that have used standardized experimental disturbances to compare resilience patterns across abiotic gradients in real‐world ecosystems. Theoretical studies have suggested that increased return times are associated with increasing variance during recovery from disturbance. However, this notion has rarely been explicitly tested in field, in part due to the challenges involved in obtaining long‐term experimental data. In this study, we examined resilience to disturbance of 12 coastal marsh sites (five low‐salinity and seven polyhaline [=salt] marshes) along a salinity gradient in Georgia, USA. We found that recovery times after experimental disturbance ranged from 7 to >127 months, and differed among response variables (vegetation height, cover and composition). Recovery rates decreased along the stress gradient of increasing salinity, presumably due to stress reducing plant vigor, but only when low‐salinity and polyhaline sites were analyzed separately, indicating a strong role for traits of dominant plant species. The coefficient of variation of vegetation cover and height in control plots did not vary with salinity. In disturbed plots, however, the coefficient of variation (CV) was consistently elevated during the recovery period and increased with salinity. Moreover, higher CV values during recovery were correlated with slower recovery rates. Our results deepen our understanding of resilience to disturbance in natural ecosystems, and point to novel ways that variance can be used either to infer recent disturbance, or, if measured in areas with a known disturbance history, to predict recovery patterns.
Fire sparks upslope range shifts of North Cascades plant species
Authors: Wilson Rachel N. , Kopp Christopher W. , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke , Angert Amy L. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAs ongoing climate change drives suitable habitats to higher elevations, species ranges are predicted to follow. However, observed range shifts have been surprisingly variable, with most species differing in rates of upward shift and others failing to shift at all. Disturbances such as fires could play an important role in accelerating range shifts by facilitating recruitment in newly suitable habitats (leading edges) and removing adults from areas no longer suited for regeneration (trailing edges). To date, empirical evidence that fires interact with climate change to mediate elevational range shifts is scarce. Resurveying historical plots in areas that experienced climate change and fire disturbance between surveys provides an exciting opportunity to fill this gap. To investigate whether species have tended to shift upslope and if shifts depend on fires, we resurveyed historical vegetation plots in North Cascades National Park, Washington, USA, an area that has experienced warming, drying, and multiple fires since the original surveys in 1983. We quantified range shifts by synthesizing across two lines of evidence: (1) displacement at range edges and the median elevation of species occurrences, and (2) support for the inclusion of interactions among time, fire and elevation in models of species presence with elevation. Among species that experienced fire since the original survey, a plurality expanded into new habitats at their upper edge. In contrast, a plurality of species not experiencing fire showed no evidence of shifts, with the remainder exhibiting responses that were variable in magnitude and direction. Our results suggest that fires can facilitate recruitment at leading edges, while species in areas free of disturbance are more likely to experience stasis.