bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A molecular classification system for estimating radiotherapy response and anticancer immunity for individual breast cancer patients
Authors: Zhang Jiaxuan , Li Long , Shang Haotian , Feng Zhaoyan , Chao Tengfei 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveRadiotherapy is a cornerstone of breast cancer therapy, but radiotherapy resistance is a major clinical challenge. Herein, we show a molecular classification approach for estimating individual responses to radiotherapyMethodsConsensus clustering was adopted to classify radiotherapy-sensitive and -resistant clusters in the TCGA-BRCA cohort based upon prognostic differentially expressed radiotherapy response-related genes (DERRGs). The stability of the classification was proven in the GSE58812 cohort via NTP method and the reliability was further verified by quantitative RT-PCR analyses of DERRGs. A Riskscore system was generated through Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and verified in the GSE58812 and GSE17705. Treatment response and anticancer immunity were evaluated via multiple well-established computational approaches.ResultsWe classified breast cancer patients as radiotherapy-sensitive and -resistant clusters, namely C1 and C2, also verified by quantitative RT-PCR analyses of DERRGs. Two clusters presented heterogeneous clinical traits, with poorer prognosis, older age, more advanced T, and more dead status in the C2. The C1 tumors had higher activity of reactive oxygen species and response to X-ray, proving better radiotherapeutic response. Stronger anticancer immunity was found in the C1 tumors that had rich immune cell infiltration, similar expression profiling to patients who responded to anti-PD-1, and activated immunogenic cell death and ferroptosis. The Riskscore was proposed for improving patient prognosis. High Riskscore samples had lower radiotherapeutic response and stronger DNA damage repair as well as poor anticancer immunity, while low Riskscore samples were more sensitive to docetaxel, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel.ConclusionOur findings propose a novel radiotherapy response classification system based upon molecular profiles for estimating radiosensitivity for individual breast cancer patients, and elucidate a methodological advancement for synergy of radiotherapy with ICB.
Febrile seizure in children with COVID-19 during the Omicron wave
Authors: Xu Pu , Chen Xuelian , Zhou Jianguo , Zhou Wenhao , Wang Laishuan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of febrile seizure in children with COVID-19.MethodsThis study is a single-center retrospective cohort study. The cases included febrile seizures in children with COVID-19 admitted to the Renji Hospital from April 7th, 2022 to June 2nd, 2022. We compared children with and without febrile seizures in their clinical characteristics such as sex, age, symptoms, seizure manifestation, COVID-19 severity, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results. The children with febrile seizures were followed up by telephone and outpatient service about one month after the nucleic acid turned negative and discharged from the hospital.ResultsA total of 585 cases of children with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. There were 15 children (1.8%) with febrile seizures, age from six months to three years old, nine boys (60.0%) and six girls (40.0%). The manifestations of febrile seizures were all generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The median nucleic acid negative conversion time was 11 (IQR:10.75,13) days. Our first comparison involved comparing children without underlying diseases; there was no significant difference in sex, COVID-19 severity, and clinical manifestations, but there was an age difference (2 vs. 1.3, P = 0.047). There was no difference in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative time between the two groups (11d vs. 13d, P = 0.128). One child had new clinical manifestations during the follow-up, but his EEG and MRI were normal.ConclusionFebrile seizure may be children's primary neurological manifestation of COVID-19. It may occur in children with no history of epilepsy and is not associated with severe illness. The long-term neurological outcomes of these children should be followed up.
Neurocognitive impairment in females with breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors: a pharmacovigilance study using the World Health Organization’s database
Authors: Prevost Rachel , Chretien Basile , Minoc Elise-Marie , Dolladille Charles , Da-Silva Angélique , Nehme Ahmad , Joly Florence , Lelong-Boulouard Véronique , Bastien Etienne 
Published: October 2023

Importance: Endocrine therapies (ETs) and inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases-4/6 (iCDK4/6s) are a standard treatment in breast cancer. However, data on potential neurocognitive impacts remain inconsistent for ET and are scarce for iCDK4/6s.Objective: To evaluate whether ET and iCDK4/6s are associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI).Methods: We used observational, real-world cases of NCI from the World Health Organization’s database VigiBase® to perform disproportionality analysis. Cases were defined as any symptom of NCI in females treated with ETs or iCDK4/6s. The study period was from the date of the first adverse event reported in VigiBase® with iCDK4/6s (1 January 2014) until the date of data extraction (16 March 2022). In our primary analysis, we calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) adjusted for age to identify a potential association between NCI and individual ETs in isolation or in combination with iCDK4/6s. We also performed subgroup analyses by the NCI class.Results: We identified 2.582 and 1.943 reports of NCI associated with ETs and iCDK4/6s, respectively. NCI was significantly associated with each ET [anastrozole: n = 405, aROR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.37–1.67); letrozole: n = 741, aROR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.27–1.47); exemestane: n = 316, aROR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.22–1.53); tamoxifen: n = 311, aROR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12–1.40); and fulvestrant: n = 319, aROR = 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06–1.33)] and only with palbociclib for iCDK4/6s [n = 1,542, aROR = 1.41 (95% CI: 1.34–1.48)].Conclusion: These findings suggest that in females treated for breast cancer, all ETs may be associated with NCI. However, amongst iCDK4/6s, NCI may be specific to palbociclib. NCI most frequently involved learning and memory as well as language. Neurocognitive impact of treatments requires better consideration and management.
Discovery of indole analogues from Periplaneta americana extract and their activities on cell proliferation and recovery of ulcerative colitis in mice
Authors: Xie Yuchen , Liang Siwei , Zhang Yifan , Wu Taoqing , Shen Yongmei , Yao Shun , Li Jing 
Published: October 2023

Background: As an important medicinal insect, Periplaneta americana (PA) has been applied for the treatment of wounds, burns, and ulcers with fewer side effects and a reduced recurrence rate, which provides great potential for developing new drugs based on its active constituents.Materials and methods: The main chromatographic peaks determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the PA concentrated ethanol-extract liquid (PACEL) were separated, purified, and identified by semi-preparative LC, mass spectrum, and 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis. The biological activities of the identified compounds were investigated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method based on in vitro human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and in vivo experiments based on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse model. Furthermore, RT-qPCR of six genes related to inflammation or intestinal epithelial cell proliferation was employed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the indole analogues recovering UC in mice.Results: Five indole analogues were purified and identified from PACEL, including tryptophan (Trp), tryptamine (pa01), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrogen-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (pa02), (1S, 3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrogen-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (pa03), and (1R, 3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrogen-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (pa04), among which the pa02 and pa04 were reported in PA for the first time. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that PACEL, Trp, and pa02 had promoting HSF proliferation activity and intragastric administration of them could alleviate symptoms of weight loss and colon length shortening in the UC mice. Although recovery activity of the compound pa01 on the colon length was not as obvious as other compounds, it showed anti-inflammatory activity in histological analysis. In addition, The RT-qPCR results indicated that the three indole analogues could alleviate DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (MMP7, IL1α) and down-regulating BMP8B expression.Conclusion: This study reported the isolation, purification, structure identification, and biological activity of the active indole analogues in PACEL. It was found for the first time that the PA extract contained many indole analogues and Trp, which exhibited good proliferation activity on HSF fibroblasts as well as anti-UC activity in mice. These indole analogues probably are important components related to the pharmacological activity in PA.
Elements of cultural scripts of trauma sequelae among trauma victims in East Africa
Authors: Mutuyimana Celestin , Maercker Andreas 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundAs a new, unifying approach to mapping the cultural expressions of trauma sequelae, cultural scripts of trauma sequelae are empirically investigated here for the first time in a primarily qualitative study. Elements of Cultural Scripts of Trauma (CST) include the typical symptoms and appraisals of changes of those who have experienced traumatic events. These elements refer to the value orientations in the given culture.AimsTo identify post-traumatic cultural scripts’ elements and their groupings, as expressed by trauma survivors from the East African population, and to explore the cultural values that serve as a reference to such scripts’ elements.MethodsSemi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted in nine focus groups of trauma survivors and trauma experts. Grounded theory was the basis for the content analysis, and MAXQDA was used for coding and grouping. Semi-quantitative analyses of the frequency of groupings followed.ResultsThe study extracted 270 elements of the cultural scripts of trauma. Three stages of cultural scripts’ elements were identified including unspeakable, heart wounds and painful scars and growth. The reported elements are only those in the three last stages and they are grouped into six categories, such as cognitive appraisals, worldview, interpersonal relationships, body-related, positive changes and changes in family interest and management, while the elements of the first stages are not codable as the survivors do not yet get the words of their expressions. The cultural values that served as a reference consisted of holding the sadness, Christianity, community reputation, solidarity, social connectedness, social cynicism, and reproductiveness, among others.DiscussionThis comprehensive study with participants from several countries in East Africa collected a large number of elements of cultural scripts of trauma for this regional area. Notably, these elements were based mostly on man-made traumas, such as the genocide against the Tutsis in Rwanda. Further steps in the CST investigation are subject to future studies, such as a more systematic investigation of the relationship with cultural values and the temporal relationships within the scripts.
The pathophysiology and management of depression in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Vu Tony , Smith Julian A. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundDepression is common in the cardiac surgery population. This contemporary narrative review aims to explore the main pathophysiological disturbances underpinning depression specifically within the cardiac surgery population. The common non-pharmacological and pharmacological management strategies used to manage depression within the cardiac surgery patient population are also explored.MethodsA total of 1291 articles were identified through Ovid Medline and Embase. The findings from 39 studies were included for qualitative analysis in this narrative review.ResultsDepression is associated with several pathophysiological and behavioral factors which increase the likelihood of developing coronary heart disease which may ultimately require surgical intervention. The main pathophysiological factors contributing to depression are well characterized and include autonomic nervous system dysregulation, excessive inflammation and disruption of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. There are also several behavioral factors in depressed patients associated with the development of coronary heart disease including poor diet, insufficient exercise, poor compliance with medications and reduced adherence to cardiac rehabilitation. The common preventative and management modalities used for depression following cardiac surgery include preoperative and peri-operative education, cardiac rehabilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, religion/prayer/spirituality, biobehavioral feedback, anti-depressant medications, and statins.ConclusionThis contemporary review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to depression following cardiac surgery and the current management modalities. Further studies on the preventative and management strategies for postoperative depression in the cardiac surgery patient population are warranted.
Preschool-based mother-child emotional preparation program improves emotional connection, behavior regulation in the home and classroom: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Welch Martha G. , Ludwig Robert J. , Hane Amie A. , Austin Judy , Markowitz Elizabeth S. , Jaffe Marc E. , Myers Michael M. 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionBased on the theory that increasing emotional connection and reducing emotional stress between mother and child at home will reduce dysregulated behavior in the classroom, we tested a novel family-based school intervention aimed at facilitating mother-child emotional connection. This question has gained great importance following the COVID-19 pandemic, as child mental health has been declared a national emergency.MethodsSubjects were randomized into two groups; one (Control: n = 32) receiving the standard curriculum in a large community-based preschool education program, and another (MCEP) receiving the standard curriculum plus the Mother Child Emotional Preparation Program (MCEP: n = 30). Two to eight MCEP mother-child pairs participated in eight elective weekly 2-h group sessions over a 16-week period. During the 2-h sessions, the pairs were engaged in face to face calming sessions. At 6 months post-enrollment, we assessed mother-child emotional connection on the Welch Emotional Connection Screen (WECS). In addition, mothers and teachers completed validated questionnaires and instruments.ResultsWe found that the percentage of MCEP mother-child pairs who became emotionally connected at 6 months was five-fold higher than Control pairs (47.4%, vs. 8.3% p = 0.004, effect size = 0.44). Also at six months, MCEP children had fewer behavioral symptoms (p = 0.024)) (effect size &gt;0.5); fewer autism symptoms (p = 0.048) (effect size = 0.53); fewer emotional symptoms (p = 0.01) (effect size &gt;0.76); better personal, social skills (p = 0.045) (effect size = 0.51); better executive function (p = 0.032) (effect size = 0.59). Importantly, teachers reported MCEP children showed more improved behavior in the classroom, compared to controls.DiscussionThis trial was retrospectively registered in the clinicaltrial.gov registry (NCT02970565) on April 9, 2019.
Biofortification of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with zinc and manganese lead to improve the grain yield and quality in sandy loam soil
Authors: Dhaliwal Salwinder Singh , Sharma Vivek , Shukla Arvind Kumar , Behera Sanjib Kumar , Verma Vibha , Kaur Manmeet , Singh Prabhjot , Alamri Saud , Skalicky Milan , Hossain Akbar 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionMicronutrients particularly Zn and Mn play a vital role in agricultural plants as well as human beings. Categorization of existing genotypes in wheat toward Zn and Mn application is extremely important to select the most efficient Zn as well as Mn genotype with higher yield and quality.MethodsIn this study, the differentiation of 14 genotypes was done for nutrient use efficiency characteristics through two methods to identify the most efficient Zn and Mn wheat genotypes. The categorization of genotypes was done based on efficiency and responsiveness under control and Zn + Mn treated conditions.Results and discussionThe mean values of plant growth parameters, crop yield, nutrient concentration (Zn, Mn, N, P and K), quality parameters (crude fiber and protein content) and nutrient utilization efficiency were considerably greater in Zn + Mn treated plots signifying the higher response of traits toward Zn and Mn application. The interaction between genotype and Zn + Mn indicated that the application of Zn + Mn significantly affected the studied genotypes for different characteristics. The results of the study indicated that genotypes PBW-824, BWL-8855, PBW-872, PBW-869 and PBW Zn1 were efficient in terms of crop yield. Based on the quality parameters, genotypes PBW-824 and PBW-869 were the highest ranked among the studied genotypes. The identified Zn + Mn efficient genotypes would be valuable resources for higher crop production along with improved wheat grain quality.
Association between Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID-19 and Long-Term Sleep and Circadian Sleep–Wake Disorders
Authors: Henríquez-Beltrán Mario , Benítez Iván , Belmonte Thalía , Jorquera Jorge , Jorquera-Diaz Jorge , Cigarroa Igor , Burgos Matías , Sanhueza Rocio , Jeria Claudia , Fernandez-Bussy Isabel , Nova-Lamperti Estefania , Barbé Ferrán , Targa Adriano , Labarca Gonzalo 
Published: October 2023

Current studies agree on the impact of sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. However, research on the duration of this impact is scarce. In this study, we evaluate the impact of ARDS on the sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm of COVID-19 survivors twelve months after hospital discharge. This is a prospective study including COVID-19 survivors with and without ARDS during hospitalization. Data was collected four and twelve months after hospital discharge. The interventions included one-week wrist actigraphy and a home sleep apnea test (HSAT), and evaluations were conducted according to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and insomnia severity index (ISI). Fifty-two patients were evaluated (ARDS = 31 and non-ARDS = 21); they had a median age of 49.0 [39.0;57.2] years and 53.8% were male. After twelve months, 91.3% presented poor sleep quality, 58.7% presented insomnia, 50% presented daytime somnolence, and 37% presented comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA). No significant improvement was observed in relation to sleep or the circadian rest–activity rhythm between four and twelve months. A tendency of poor sleep quality, insomnia, daytime somnolence, and COMISA was observed. Finally, there was no significant impact on the circadian rest–activity rhythm between four and twelve months or between the groups.
DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF ENGLISH IN MIXED-ABILITY GROUPS
Authors: Chukhno O. 
Published: October 2023

The ultimate goal of pedagogical education is to prepare specialists who possess a sufficient level of professional competence and are able to teach successfully at school. To achieve this goal, it should be taken into account that students in one academic group may differ in a number of characteristics, such as their cultural and social background, motivation, learner styles, level of academic performance in different subjects, etc. The study aims to set out guidelines for developing professional skills of future teachers of English while working in mixed-ability groups.
The analysis of students’ academic performance in the courses of methodology and General English leads to the conclusion that the levels of professional skills in one academic group may differ considerably from student to student and that the acquisition of these skills is in many cases affected by students’ level of language command, but the impact in question is not limited to this factor.
The study also outlines the particularities of teaching methodology in comparison with teaching English to ordinary learners. In the process of teaching methodology, it is recommended; 1) to consider students’ level of communicative competence; 2) to identify the reasons for the discrepancy between students’ levels of communicative and professional skills and to take these data into account while developing the course; 3) to use differentiated instruction explicitly; 4) to adapt the process and product of teaching (but not the content) to the students’ needs; 5) to delegate responsibility for differentiation to students; 6) to use all modes of interaction (whole-class activities, individual work, work in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups). Following these guidelines by methodology teachers may increase the chances for pre-service teachers of English to acquire all the professional skills stated in the educational program by the end of Year 4.
Further research in this field involves: 1) developing the algorithm of teacher actions in planning and using differentiated instruction while teaching the course of methodology to pre-service teachers of English; 2) working out a set of activities for teaching the course of methodology to pre-service teachers of English and verifying the effectiveness of these activities via conducting a pedagogical intervention.
METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS TO ASSESSING THE TRAINING OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS OF SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF UKRAINE
Authors: Larin V. , Hmyria V. , Romanovskyia L. 
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the main aspects of training of PhD graduates in the scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The authors analyze the regulatory framework for improving the professional competence of scientific personnel of scientific institutions in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. The national security of Ukraine is an integral part and priority goal of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, which accordingly determines the main factors of stable development of society. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has created the conditions for the emergence of a hybrid form of warfare using the information space, which has forced the creation of new approaches to ensuring and maintaining the national security of the state. In this case, an important role is played by weapons and military equipment, which requires constant updating. Therefore, in order to timely take into account and forecast the production of weapons and military equipment, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine needs graduates of the adjunct program who are able to conduct basic research in the field of defense. The issue of training PhD graduates in the modern conditions of the contemporary educational process should focus on the ability to make decisions in a state of uncertainty. In today's conditions, the future model of education provides for the possibility of choosing a solution that can be modeled as a situation of choosing the best solution from a set of equivalent, random solutions.
The level of education of a PhD candidate will be higher, the wider the chosen field of activity and field of knowledge, as well as the ability to design solutions in an uncertain situation, which will allow them to have a wider range of possible decision-making methods. Therefore, the introduction of a system of training PhD candidates through adjuncture will create prerequisites for further implementation of measures that will ensure the development of science in the system of higher military education.