bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peculiarities of the Behavior of Point Defects under the Optoplastic Effect in Copper
Authors: Malinskii T. V. , Rogalin V. E. , Shur V. Ya. , Kuznetsov D. K. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The authors previously discovered a new optoplastic effect and observed it under the action of a nanosecond UV laser pulse irradiation of subcritical intensity. In this paper it is shown that under this effect no micropores arise in the subsurface layer of metal. This proves the statement that swelling of metal under laser impact of moderate (subcritical) intensity occurs due to interstitial atoms migrating to the surface and not due to melting with formation of bubbles. At a abrupt cooling (for ~20 μs) interstitial atoms migrate to the surface by the Schottky mechanism due to abnormal mass transfer and the less mobile vacancies have no time to coagulate with formation of micropores in the time of the process.
Advances in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Morand Eric F , Fernandez-Ruiz Ruth , Blazer Ashira , Niewold Timothy B 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multisystem autoimmune disease that can cause injury in almost every body system. While considered a classic example of autoimmunity, it is still relatively poorly understood. Treatment with immunosuppressive agents is challenging, as many agents are relatively non-specific, and the underlying disease is characterized by unpredictable flares and remissions. This State of The Art Review provides a comprehensive current summary of systemic lupus erythematosus based on recent literature. In basic and translational science, this summary includes the current state of genetics, epigenetics, differences by ancestry, and updates about the molecular and immunological pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. In clinical science, the summary includes updates in diagnosis and classification, clinical features and subphenotypes, and current guidelines and strategies for treatment. The paper also provides a comprehensive review of the large number of recent clinical trials in systemic lupus erythematosus. Current knowns and unknowns are presented, and potential directions for the future are suggested. Improved knowledge of immunological pathogenesis and the molecular differences that exist between patients should help to personalize treatment, minimize side effects, and achieve better outcomes in this difficult disease.
Novel prognostic biomarkers in decompensated cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Juanola Adrià , Ma Ann Thu , de Wit Koos , Gananandan Kohilan , Roux Olivier , Zaccherini Giacomo , Jiménez César , Tonon Marta , Solé Cristina , Villaseca Clara , Uschner Frank E , Graupera Isabel , Pose Elisa , Moreta Maria José , Campion Daniela , Beuers Ulrich , Mookerjee Rajeshawar P , Francoz Claire , Durand Francois , Vargas Victor , Piano Salvatore , Alonso Sonia , Trebicka Jonel , Laleman Wim , Asrani Sumeet K , Soriano German , Alessandria Carlo , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Morales-Ruiz Manuel , Torres Ferran , Allegretti Andrew S , Krag Aleksander , Caraceni Paolo , Watson Hugh , Abraldes Juan G , Solà Elsa , Kamath Patrick S , Hernaez Ruben , Ginès Pere 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundPatients with decompensated cirrhosis experience high mortality rates. Current prognostic scores, including the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), may underperform in settings other than in those they were initially developed. Novel biomarkers have been proposed to improve prognostication accuracy and even to predict development of complications.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on novel urine and blood biomarkers and their ability to predict 90-day mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Secondary outcomes included 28-day and 1-year mortality, and development of acute-on-chronic liver failure, acute kidney injury and other complications. To overcome differences in units, temporal changes in assays and reporting heterogeneity, we used the ratio of means (RoM) as measure of association for assessing strength in predicting outcomes. An RoM>1 implies that the mean biomarker level is higher in those that develop the outcome than in those that do not.ResultsOf 6629 unique references, 103 were included, reporting on 29 different biomarkers, with a total of 31 362 biomarker patients. Most studies were prospective cohorts of hospitalised patients (median Child-Pugh-Turcotte score of 9 and MELD score of 18). The pooled 90-day mortality rate was 0.27 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.29). The RoM for predicting 90-day mortality was highest for interleukin 6 (IL-6) (2.56, 95% CI 2.39 to 2.74), followed by urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) (2.42, 95% CI 2.20 to 2.66) and copeptin (2.33, 95% CI 2.17 to 2.50). These RoMs were all higher than for MELD (1.44, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.46).ConclusionNovel biomarkers, including IL-6, uNGAL and copeptin, can probably improve prognostication of patients with decompensated cirrhosis compared with MELD alone.
Design and performance of the ENUBET monitored neutrino beam
Authors: Acerbi F. , Angelis I. , Bomben L. , Bonesini M. , Bramati F. , Branca A. , Brizzolari C. , Brunetti G. , Calviani M. , Capelli S. , Carturan S. , Catanesi M. G. , Cecchini S. , Charitonidis N. , Cindolo F. , Cogo G. , Collazuol G. , Corso F. Dal , Delogu C. , De Rosa G. , Falcone A. , Goddard B. , Gola A. , Guffanti D. , Halić L. , Iacob F. , Jollet C. , Kain V. , Kallitsopoulou A. , Kliček B. , Kudenko Y. , Lampoudis Ch. , Laveder M. , Legou P. , Longhin A. , Ludovici L. , Lutsenko E. , Magaletti L. , Mandrioli G. , Marangoni S. , Margotti A. , Mascagna V. , Mauri N. , McElwee J. , Meazza L. , Meregaglia A. , Mezzetto M. , Nessi M. , Paoloni A. , Pari M. , Papaevangelou T. , Parozzi E. G. , Pasqualini L. , Paternoster G. , Patrizii L. , Pozzato M. , Prest M. , Pupilli F. , Radicioni E. , Ruggeri A. C. , Saibene G. , Sampsonidis D. , Scian C. , Sirri G. , Stipčević M. , Tenti M. , Terranova F. , Torti M. , Tzamarias S. E. , Vallazza E. , Velotti F. , Votano L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe ENUBET project is aimed at designing and experimentally demonstrating the concept of monitored neutrino beams. These novel beams are enhanced by an instrumented decay tunnel, whose detectors reconstruct large-angle charged leptons produced in the tunnel and give a direct estimate of the neutrino flux at the source. These facilities are thus the ideal tool for high-precision neutrino cross-section measurements at the GeV scale because they offer superior control of beam systematics with respect to existing facilities. In this paper, we present the first end-to-end design of a monitored neutrino beam capable of monitoring lepton production at the single particle level. This goal is achieved by a new focusing system without magnetic horns, a 20 m normal-conducting transfer line for charge and momentum selection, and a 40 m tunnel instrumented with cost-effective particle detectors. Employing such a design, we show that percent precision in cross-section measurements can be achieved at the CERN SPS complex with existing neutrino detectors.
Prosthesis Options for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: DARWISH Ibrahim , IMANI Sahand , BABA Mohammed 
Published: October 2023

Background: Literature investigating the long-term outcomes of prosthesis options for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty is scarce, with most reports combining indications and underlying pathologies in analyses. In this study, we aim to compare silicone, pyrocarbon and metal prostheses in PIP joint arthroplasty for primary degenerative osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A review of scientific literature published between 1990 and 2021 was conducted. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Relevant studies were screened and the appropriate data was extracted. An evaluation of clinical outcomes (range of motion [ROM] and pain), complications (reoperation) and survival rates for each prosthesis was performed. Results: Twelve studies were included for analysis with a total of 412 PIP joints. ROM was 66.6°, 55.8° and 46.4° for metal, silicone and pyrocarbon implants, respectively. Silicone implants had the best pain score on the visual analogue scale (1.2) followed by the pyrocarbon (2.6) and metal (3.9) groups. Complication rates were lowest in silicone implants (11.3%) compared to 18.5% in pyrocarbon and 22.4% in metal prostheses. Survival did not differ significantly amongst the three groups. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that for patients with primary degenerative OA, PIP joint arthroplasty using a silicone prosthesis can provide greater pain relief with lower complication rates compared to other implant options. Level of Evidence: Level III (Therapeutic)
Aggf1
Specifies Hemangioblasts at the Top of Regulatory Hierarchy via
Npas4l
and mTOR-S6K-Emp2-ERK Signaling
Authors: Yang Zhongcheng , Guo Di , Zhao Jinyan , Li Jia , Zhang Rui , Zhang Yidan , Xu Chengqi , Ke Tie , Wang Qing K. 
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND:
Hemangioblasts are mesoderm-derived multipotent stem cells for differentiation of all hematopoietic and endothelial cells in the circulation system. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood.

METHODS:

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (type II CRISPR RNA-guided endonuclease) editing was used to develop
aggf1

−/−

and
emp2

−/−

knockout zebra fish. Whole-mount in situ hybridization and transgenic Tg(
gata1
-EGFP [enhanced green fluorescent protein]), Tg(
mpx
-EGFP), Tg(
rag2
-DsRed [discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein]), Tg(
cd41
-EGFP), Tg(
kdrl
-EGFP), and Tg(
aggf1

−/−

;
kdrl
-EGFP) zebra fish were used to examine specification of hemangioblasts and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), hematopoiesis, and vascular development. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were used for expression analysis of genes and proteins.

RESULTS:

Knockout of
aggf1
impaired specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs, hematopoiesis, and vascular development in zebra fish. Expression of
npas4l
/
cloche
—the presumed earliest marker for hemangioblast specification—was significantly reduced in
aggf1

−/−

embryos and increased by overexpression of
aggf1
in embryos. Overexpression of
npas4l
rescued the impaired specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs and development of hematopoiesis and intersegmental vessels in
aggf1

−/−

embryos, placing
aggf1
upstream of
npas4l
in hemangioblast specification. To identify the underlying molecular mechanism, we identified
emp2
as a key
aggf1
downstream gene. Similar to
aggf1
,
emp2
knockout impaired the specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2). Mechanistic studies showed that
aggf1
knockdown and knockout significantly decreased the phosphorylated levels of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and p70 S6K (ribosomal protein S6 kinase), resulting in reduced protein synthesis of Emp2 (epithelial membrane protein 2), whereas mTOR activator MHY1485 (4,6-dimorpholino-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine) rescued the impaired specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs and development of hematopoiesis and intersegmental vessels and reduced Emp2 expression induced by
aggf1
knockdown.

CONCLUSIONS:

These results indicate that
aggf1
acts at the top of
npas4l
and becomes the earliest marker during specification of hemangioblasts. Our data identify a novel signaling axis of Aggf1 (angiogenic factor with G-patch and FHA domain 1)-mTOR-S6K-ERK1/2 for specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs, primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, and vascular development. Our findings provide important insights into specification of hemangioblasts and HSPCs essential for the development of the circulation system.
In female degus, reunions are less variable when relationships are new
Authors: Thatcher Amber , Insel Nathan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
When establishing new peer relationships, animals may explore different modes of interaction, testing-out dominance roles, reciprocation of affiliation, and responses to investigation. This exploration is potentially risky, as higher variability may be counterproductive to establishing expectations and trust. There is therefore a tradeoff between exploration within a new social relationship and maintaining predictable, ‘safe’ behaviours, raising questions about how animals differ in how they engage with strangers. The Chilean degu offers an opportune case study to investigate novel social situations, as females form relationships relatively rapidly with unrelated peers. We presented degu dyads with a series of 20 min ‘reunion’ sessions and found that session-to-session variability in stranger females is, in fact, lower than in cagemates, and lower than stranger or cagemate males. Reduced variability was observed only after an initial social exposure, suggesting it was a feature of new relationships rather than novelty. There was no evidence that groups differed in predictability of behaviours within a reunion. It is known that in the wild, female degus differ from males by readily forming cooperative relationships with unrelated individuals. The data therefore raise the possibility that animals predisposed to cooperation might also show reduced behavioural variability across encounters with new individuals. This work offers new results and methods for considering strategies animals use to cope with social uncertainty.
Murmurs and Miracles
Authors: Padgett Isaiah C. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores how early Pentecostals read, interpreted, and utilized the character of Miriam within the Old Testament. Despite the prominent focus upon masculine Old Testament figures within pentecostal history, the reception of feminine figures within Pentecostalism is less clear. As such, this article seeks to uncover how Miriam the prophetess was presented and interpreted within early pentecostal literature, with the emphasis on such subjects as divine healing, dancing, support for women in ministry, faithfulness, and murmuring. These interpretations of Miriam demonstrate positive and negative appraisals of her character and reflect her multifaceted reception within Pentecostalism. Finally, this article concludes with a summary of these interpretations and a call for continued reflection upon historic readings within pentecostal history.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Windfarms in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: Who Should Have Obligations?
Authors: Seta Makoto 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
After almost two decades of discussions and negotiations, the legally binding instrument on biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (‘BBNJ’) was adopted on 19 June 2023, of which Environment Impact Assessment (‘EIA’) is one of the key pillars. Given that EIA in the new instrument is proposed with a view to the conservation and sustainable use of marine life in areas beyond national jurisdiction, flag States should mainly have an obligation to regulate EIA by applying their domestic legislation. However, for some activities involving many vessels, marine structures, and cables, EIA by flag States may not work effectively. EIAs for offshore windfarm activities may be particularly difficult. Against this background, this study explores how international legal rules should regulate EIAs of offshore windfarms established in areas beyond national jurisdiction. In particular, this study considers which States should have EIA obligations from the perspective of both lex lata and lex ferenda.
Regulating Online Hate Speech through the Prism of Human Rights Law: The Potential of Localised Content Moderation
Authors: Hatano Ayako 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This article explores whether international human rights standards can provide insights into the following questions: who can and should define what constitutes ‘hate speech’ for online moderation, and how can hate speech be detected and moderated on social media platforms? Regarding who should moderate hateful content, the article underscores the responsibility of social media companies, in reference to international human rights law and principles on business and human rights. This paper advocates for a multistakeholder approach where companies work in partnership with and under the monitoring of state actors, civil society and other relevant stakeholders. Given the complexity of what constitutes hate speech, the article proposes the localisation of terms of service and guidelines of social media companies. This approach, in line with human rights standards, enables the meaningful involvement of local experts and civil society groups in formulating, implementing and monitoring online community rules. Addressing the question of how social media companies can detect and moderate hate speech, the article argues that a globally standardised approach reliant on AI content moderation is limited in detecting contextual nuances of hate speech. Drawing from international human rights tools like the Rabat Plan of Action, the article suggests that social media companies should consider diverse local contexts for better interpretation and effective detection, with qualified human moderators with local knowledge and oversight boards with local expertise. By taking a human-centered, localised approach to content moderation and collaborating with relevant stakeholders, businesses can contribute to creating a digital space that upholds fundamental rights, prevents harm, and encourages inclusivity and diversity.
A Decision Tree Analysis on Symptom Experience of Asian American Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Yi Jee-Seon , Chee Wonshik 
Published: October 2023

Background: Mainly due to their cultural attitudes toward symptoms and breast cancer, Asian American breast cancer survivors tend to suffer from symptoms and often delay in getting treatments, information, and support. To improve their symptom management, it would be important to determine risk groups among them. Decision tree analyses reportedly help determine risk groups by identifying the characteristics that are directly associated with target health outcomes. Objective: Using a decision tree analysis, this study aimed at identifying the characteristics that were closely linked to the symptom experience of Asian American breast cancer survivors. Methods: This was a part of a parent randomized controlled trial among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Only the data from 135 women at the pre-test were included. Multiple instruments were used to collect the data: the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form, the Cancer Behavior Inventory, the PRQ-2000, the Perceived Isolation Scale, and the Supportive Care Needs Survey-Short Form 34. The data were analyzed using latent profile analysis and decision tree analyses. Results: Two most frequently found profiles included the low symptom experience profile (72.6%) and the high symptom experience profile (27.4%). The high symptom experience profile was predicted by 2 combined characteristics; (a) high psychological needs for help (over 60.00 points), and (b) low psychological needs for help (cut point = 60.00), high perceived barriers (cut point = 1.62), and high social isolation (social support) (cut point = 2.33). Conclusions: These characteristics linked to Asian American breast cancer survivors with high symptom experience need to be considered in future intervention development.
Efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP in migraine prevention. GRADE tables elaborated by the ad hoc working group of the International Headache Society
Authors: Aleksovska Katina , Hershey Andrew D. , Deen Marie , de Icco Robert , Lee Mi Ji , Diener Hans-Christoph 
Published: October 2023

Objectives Grading of Recommendations, Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tables were created using a standardized and independent assessment of the efficacy and side effects of treatments with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or the CGRP receptor for the prevention of migraine. We hope to provide support for author groups writing national or regional treatment or management guidelines for migraine prevention. Methods We formulated patient/population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) questions for the efficacy and safety of mAb against CGRP or the CGRP-receptor for the prevention of migraine attacks. We performed a systematic literature research for randomized studies with eptinezumab, erenumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab and a pooled analysis was done, using RevMan 5.4 software. For dichotomous outcomes we used risk ratio, and for continuous outcomes we used the mean difference to compare and summarize the evidence between groups. The evidence across studies, for each outcome, except serious adverse events, was assessed using GRADE evidence tables. Additionally, we report the serious adverse effects in the tables of the characteristics of the studies. Results All mAb are superior to placebo for the reduction in monthly migraine days (days in which a headache consistent with migraine occurred) in participants with episodic and chronic migraine. There are no major differences between the mAb. Conclusions The GRADE evidence summary tables provided will support author groups to write treatment guidelines for the prevention of migraine with mAb.
Physical Activity, Sleep, and Screen Time in Children and Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Friel Ciarán P. , Diaz Keith M. , Rupp Kristie 
Published: October 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic led to unprecedented changes in people’s lifestyles across the United States, but the extent to which the pandemic affected health behaviors of children and adolescents (i.e., physical activity, screen-time, and sleep) is not well understood. These behaviors hold particular significance because of their association with health outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether engagement in health behaviors changed from pre-pandemic (2019) to during the pandemic (2020). Methods The combined 2019-2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) was used to inform this study. The NSCH is an annual survey designed to provide national estimates of key indicators of childhood health and well-being. Physical activity (number of days/week with >60 min of activity), screen-time (hours/day of TV viewing and computer use), and sleep (hours/day) were assessed by parental report. Adjusted binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the association between survey year and health behaviors. Results Children and adolescents were 36% more likely to be physically inactive in 2020 compared to 2019. Additionally, children and adolescents were 14% more likely to meet sleep guidelines and 39% less likely to meet screen-time guidelines in 2020 compared to 2019, independent of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty level. Children (6-13 year) and adolescents (14-17 years) were 10% and 15% less likely to get below the recommended amount of sleep in 2020 compared to 2019, respectively. Conclusion Prevalence of meeting sleep guidelines increased among children and adolescents in 2020 but decreased for physical activity and screen-time. Initiatives targeting activity and screen-time may be urgently needed. Whether rates of these health behaviors return to pre-pandemic levels over the next few years should be closely assessed.