bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Rubicon
Authors: Williams J H C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Throughout the middle and late Republican periods (fourth to first centuries BC) the Romans lived in fear and loathing of the Gauls of northern Italy, caused primarily by their collective historical memory of the destruction of the city of Rome by Gauls in 387 BC. By examining the literary evidence relating to the historical, ethnographic, and geographic writings of Greeks and Romans of the period - focusing on invasion and conflict - this book attempts to answer the questions how and why the Gauls became the deadly enemy of the Romans. Dr Williams also examines the problematic notion of the Gauls as 'Celts' which has been so influential in historical and archaeological accounts of northern Italy in the late pre-Roman Iron Age by modern scholars. The book concludes that ancient literary evidence and modern ethnic presumptions about 'Celts' are not a sound basis for reconstructing either the history of the Romans' interaction with the peoples of northern Italy or for interpreting the material evidence.
On the Shoulders of Giants: Intertextuality and Classical Studies
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The tones of David West’s jeremiad will be familiar, at least to British classicists, but as always he articulates what many people undoubtedly feel. ‘Intertextuality’ is a term much used today, both within classics and more widely, but it is indeed not always clear what it brings with it that is novel in comparison with competing terms such as ‘allusion’, and how the reading practices associated with it differ from those traditional within classical studies.
Unmanned Men and Eunuchs of God: Peter Damians Liber Gomorrhianus and the Sexual Politics of Papal Reform
Authors: Scanlon Larry 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Sodomy-that utterly confused category’: for the new field of queer theory, this aside of Michel Foucault is well on its way to becoming a truth universally acknowledged. Like most universal truths, this one is partial-which may explain why it has proved so effective. Foucault proclaims the category of sodomy not simply confused, but utterly confused: with a single interjection he disposes of an entire tradition as mystification and superstition, and dears a wide space for a new historiography. The results of this historiography are already impressive, particularly as regards the early modern period. Alan Bray, Jonathan Goldberg, and a host of younger scholars have begun a wholesale revision of received notions of modern sexuality. Focusing on the term’s manifold ambiguities and broad semantic range, they have demon strated that sodomy could refer to such things as heresy and treason as often as it referred t:o sexual conduct, and that, accordingly, sexuality in early modern culture was inextricably bound up with affairs of state and religious conscience.
Gentle Will is being Roughly Handled: ‘Scylla and Charybdis’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The meaning of the title of the ninth chapter of Ulysses has been interpreted in so many different ways as to seem indeterminable. The principle of the chapter is opposition or fissure, and the fissures spread and are perceptible everywhere. As Len Platt has shown particularly effectively, political and cultural antagonisms are crucial to ‘Scylla’, and the title’s main point of reference is surely the pervasiveness of schism and confrontation in contemporary Irish cultural politics. So, too, the problem of how to steer between contending opponents recurs in Irish writing of the 1890s and 19oos. Joyce evidently had this larger context in mind in composing the chapter. But one paradigmatic instance of major importance to ‘Scylla’ is the Irish literary controversy of the 1890s.
A Look Around: ‘Wandering Rocks’
Authors: Gibson Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In ‘Scylla and Charybdis’, Joyce begins a kind of work on English culture and English discourses that will come to dominate Ulysses. In the next chapter, however, he pauses, steps back, and takes ‘a look around’, as Stephen puts it (ro. 826-7). Stephen is calling Parnell to mind. When others encouraged the latter to enter politics, Parnell initially resisted, saying ‘I must look more around for myself first; I must see a little more how things are going’. So, too, Stephen pauses on the threshold of a momentous decision, of departure and commitment to his Irish art, and Ulysses pauses and surveys the scene before embarking on the political and aesthetic project that constitutes its second half.
Mrs Humphry Ward
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mary Ward (1851-1920) had a furiously active public career, her literary and philanthropic activities transforming her from an eminent Victorian into a pre-eminent Edwardian. The granddaughter of Thomas Arnold, she found herself at the centre of an intellectual and cultural coterie comprising the Arnold, Huxley, and Trevelyan families. Her novel, Robert Elsmere (1888), the first of a series of bestsellers, earned her both unprecedented sums of money and the critical respect of writers such as Henry James. She helped found Somerville College, Oxford, the University's first institution for the higher education of women, and inaugurated a number of play centres for the children of London's working women, despite being a fierce opponent of women's suffrage. As the first female reporter to visit the trenches in 1916, she was instrumental in bringing America into the war. Yet for all her achievements, her private life was overshadowed - often tragically so - by misfortune. Her parents's marriage was seriously affected by her father's religious doubts; she eclipsed her husband, a Times journalist and art critic, while her indolent son frittered away her financial and emotional resources. John Sutherland's fascinating study of the private suffering of this predominantly public person also provides useful insights into the restrictions placed upon women in the late-Victorian-Edwardian era. This title also appears in the Oxford General Books catalogue for Autumn 1990.
Starting Lines in Scottish, Irish, and English Poetry
Authors: Stafford Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Why should a poem begin with a line from another poem? Is an eighteenth-century epigraph working in the same way as a post-modern quotation? And how are the dynamics of the new text and the source affected by issues of nationhood, language, history, and cultural tradition? Are literary ideas of originality and imitation, allusion and influence inherently political if the poems emerge from different sides of a border or of a colonial relationship? Taking as a framework the history of relations between Ireland, England, and Scotland since the 1707 Union, the book explores such questions through a series of close readings. Textual encounters singled out for detailed discussion include Burns's use of Shakespeare, Coleridge's reference to 'Sir Patrick Spens', James Clarence Mangan's adaptation of Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ciaran Carson's quotation from John Keats, Seamus Heaney's meditation on Henry Vaughan, and the evolution of 'The Homes of England' from Felicia Hemans to Noel Coward.
The Homes of England
Authors: Stafford Fiona 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
traditions wrecked beyond recognition. From the opening sentence, ‘I was born into a generation that still took light music seriously’, to the concluding images of ‘the cheaper outpourings of Tin Pan Alley … dinned into [the public's] ears interminably by the B.B.C.’, the sense of the larger change beyond the personal detail is only too apparent. The modest assertions of the essay are infused neither with outrage, sentiment, nor nostalgia, however, and strike the reader more with an air of detached observation. Coward presents himself as part of the generation who witnessed the virtual annihilation of English culture during the First World War and were afterwards simply ‘too tired’ to do much about it.
‘Friendships Faultie Guile’
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
At the crisis of ‘The Legend of Cambel and Telamond, or of Friendship’ Spenser inserts an epic simile that perfectly evokes the repetitive violence of an interminable conflict between equally matched opponents. The story purports to be a continuation of Chaucer’s Squire’s Tale and may therefore claim to be, in Spenserian terms, quintessentially ‘English’, but the choice of imagery has a dislocating effect:
Merlin, Erceldoune, Nixon: A Tradition of Popular Political Prophecy
Authors: Coote Lesley , Thornton Tim 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The discourse of prophecy was used widely in medieval England, in order to express points of view on a variety of subjects. Prophecies may be theological or eschatological, astrological or ‘magical’, but the subject of political prophecy is public affairs, or ‘politics’ in the traditional sense of the word. The grammatical and syntactic structures used convey the impression of annalistic truth, producing what might be described as ‘future history’.
Bulldozing the Middle Ages: The Case of John Lydgate’
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1549 the Duke of Somerset, then Lord Protector in the childhood of Edward VI, destroyed buildings in different parts of London in order to produce materials for the construction of his own palace, Somerset House. He chose a site on the Strand, and pulled down both a parish church and the inns of the bishops of Chester and Worcester, making ‘leuell ground’. The destroyed buildings produced insufficient materials, whereupon the Duke attempted to pull down the parish church of St Margaret in Westminster. The demolition gang, however, fled when the parishioners arrived to protect their church, armed with ‘bows and arrows, staves and clubs’.
Paranoid Modernism
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The early twentieth century notoriously saw an unprecedented wave of experiment in the arts. So intense was this activity that one can without exaggeration speak of a will to experiment (to 'make it new'). Where did that will to experiment come from? Why did it so insistently take the forms it took? Looking specifically at Modernism in England, David Trotter seeks answers in the careers of three novelists writing in the first decades of the century: Ford Madox Ford, D. H. Lawrence, and Wyndham Lewis. The context he proposes for their work is that of contemporary understandings of the function and value of expertise, and of the dilemmas peculiar to those possessing it. There is a certain madness about the expert's pursuit of expertise, and about his or her disappointment if expertise fails to yield adequate social recognition. The early psychiatric literature identified this madness as paranoia, and the textbooks and case-histories find an uncanny echo in Modernist fiction. In the obstinacy of their will to experiment, Ford, Lawrence, and Lewis wrote about, and lived, paranoia. To understand that obstinacy in its professional and psychiatric contexts is to approach from a new and unexpected angle the preoccupations with gender and with the politics of culture which currently characterize the study of Modernism. The energies it shook loose in their writing are energies which, evading absorption into the 'postmodern', continue to shape Western society and culture to this day.
Introduction
Authors: Dimmick Jeremy , Simpson James , Zeeman Nicolette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Iconoclasm is always an acknowledgement of the power of the image. Many of the chapters in this volume explore the consequences of the intense and mutually defining relationship between the love of images and their destruction. They do so, for the most part, in terms of the historical, social, political, devotional, and textual theories and practices of the later medieval and early modern period. During this period the image becomes the focus of extreme and often violent forms of contestation.
The fact that such contestation pre-dates the Reformation is attested by all the chapters in this book.
The Idol of the Text
Authors: Zeeman Nicolette 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Seeing’ is a characteristic mode of the medieval ‘imaginative’—that is, rhetorical, ‘inventive’, or ‘poetical’—text. In the later Middle Ages the metaphor of sight is used to characterize a number of kinds of understanding, but it is particularly used to characterize a number of kinds of understanding, but it is particularly prevalent in the context of the ‘imaginative’ text This text is often discribed as an image, ‘seen’ in the mind.
The term imaginativus, in fact, bridges later medieval theories of sensation, knowledge, and textuality. The ‘imaginative power’ (vis imaginativa) is part of most schemas of the ‘inner senses’, the semi-rational and hypothetical powers that mediate between sensory and intellectual understanding and do preliminary comparative and combinative mental work. These powers receive and use data from all the senses, but the inner ‘images’ they use and produce tend to be described in visual terms.
‘Et que est huius ydoli materia? Tuipse’: Idols and Images in Walter Hilton
Authors: Watson Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One of the opportunities offered by the quantities of English religious prose surviving from the period between 1370 and 1420 is that of seeing how many different ideological positions could be developed out of the core of themes, images, and anxieties common to that charged cultural moment. However violently some of these prose texts assert that there are only two such positions, orthodox and heretical, and however necessary it has been for scholars to use terms like these to build working models of the intellectual configurations and alliances that structured people’s thinking, analysis of any single group of texts complicates this model, and an intensive comparative study of a single issue can undermine it altogether. Even if the range of possibility narrowed after 1400, as certain topics (such as disendowment and eucharistic theology) came to operate as boundary markers for groups determined to identify themselves as the true Church, intellectual individualism remained, to a greater extent than is often appreciated, a hallmark of the vernacular writing of the period.
The Iconoclast’s Desire: Deguileville’s Idolatry in France and England
Authors: Camille Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this chapter I wish to return to some of the images that I discussed in The Gothic Idol (1989). They appear in the French and English versions of Le Pelerinage de la vie humaine, written by the fourteenth-century Cistercian Guillaume de Deguileville. This, along with its two sequels, Le Pelerinage de lame and Le Pelerinage jhesuchrist, was among the most popular and influential vernacular works of the Later Middle Ages, extant in many manuscripts and often lavishly illuminated for royal and princely patrons. A modern English translation of the first recension of the Pelerinage de la vie humaine has since appeared, along with editions of the Middle English prose versions.
Joseph Conrad: Entropolitics and the Sense of Terror
Authors: Houen Alex 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
An act of terrorism in the name of government; a work of destruction so expressive it is incomprehensible; an event so strategic that it appears to be insane. It is a matter of a phantom event. This paradoxical state of affairs is precisely what Pry ,Y Councilor Warmth, the Chandelier d 4mbassade at the London embassy of a ‘great power’, in votes as a means of sorting out the affairs of state ,within England in his meeting with Adolf Vero, agent provocateur. ‘vat is required at present is not writing, but the b1inging to light of a distinct, a signify cant fact’, in order to exacerbate national ‘unrest’.1 The central terrorist action of The Secret Agent (1907), based on the actual self detonation of the Anarchist Martial Bourdon in Greenwich in 1894, is thus prefigured as state ‘propaganda par le fait’- ‘propaganda by deed’, as it is translated in English, though it could equally be rendered ‘propaganda by fact’.’
History of Universities
Authors: Brockliss Laurence 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Volume XII of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, conference reports, and bibliographical information, which makes this annual publication such an indispensable book for the historian of higher education. Its contributions range widely geographically, chronologically, and in subject matter. Volume XII includes articles on medieval collegiate statutes, Renaissance psychology, philosophy in nineteenth century German universities, and women academics in Britain, and is, as always, a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.
The Teaching of Philosophy at German Universities in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Schneider* Ulrich Johannes 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
As early as the middle of the nineteenth century German universities were recognized as a significant, i.e., dangerous, institution for philosophy. In 1851, in his essay Über die Universitatsphilosophie, Arthur Schopenhauer attacked the prevailing approach to philosophy from the lecturing-desk, which he considered harmful in general, that is harmful to philosophical thought. Shortly afterwards Friedrich Nietzsche followed suit and became particularly irritated that civil servants were involved in the realm of the free and independent spirit: ‘consequently, genuine philosophy becomes misunderstood and passed over in silence’.2 Since the nineteenth century, critics of the ‘paid philosophers’ have not been silent, at least where they have found an audience. Outside Germany, this was and still is particularly applicable in France.
From the exemplum virtutis to the Apotheosis: Hercules as an Identification Figure in Portraiture: An Example of the Adoption of Classical Forms of Representation
Authors: Pollerofß Friedrich 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, the classical figure most frequently depicted in art is without doubt the demigod Hercules.’ In his role as a paragon of virtue, the hero is primarily employed either in religious or moral allegories, or else in connection with politics. From the fourteenth century onwards he is to be found in a republican context (Florence), although in palaces and castles he serves to indicate the power or virtue of a particular prince. The early modem period furnishes evidence for this ‘figurative system of the masked prince’, as Sabatier has called it, from a variety of countries and artistic genres.
The Demise of Royal Mythologies
Authors: Burke Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ifwe wish to analyse the representations of rulers between the thirteenth and the eighteenth centuries, we might be well advised to adopt the term ‘royal myth’. A myth may be defined as a story with a symbolic meaning (such as the triumph of good over evil), in which the characters, whether heroes or villains, are portrayed larger than life. Republics too had their myths (analysed by Thomas Fröschl in the following chapter). All the same, early modern princes were easier to mythologize in the sense that they could be compared-and frequently were compared-with the gods and heroes of the Greeks and Romans, such as Jupiter, Apollo, and Hercules (discussed by Friedrich Pollero β, above, Chapter 2).
The Legacy of Rome
Authors: Jenkyns Richard 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The very idea of this book is a legacy from Rome, for the Romans were the first people to make their inheritance from another culture central to their own civilization. All Roman art and literature lie under the shadow of Greece. Their classic poets advertise the fact. Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive and brought the arts to rustic Latium, says Horace (Epistles 2. I. I 56 f.). The greatest of the Romans made the crushing weight of the Greek achievement central to his masterwork: at the midpoint of the Aeneid Virgil has the shade of Anchises, from Elysium, announce to the Romans, yet unborn, that they must be forever inferior in some of the noblest of the arts and sciences: ‘Excudent alii spirantia mollius aera ... ‘.
Rhetoric
Authors: Kennedy George A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rhetoric in the widest sense is the study and control of the power of words in human society. The classical Greeks were the first to conceive of rhetoric as an art and to make it a part of the formal education of a citizen, but through most of the history of Western civilization the basic rhetorical texts have been Latin treatises, handbooks, and speeches by, or attributed to, Cicero (106-43 BC), Quintilian (c.AD 40-95), and other Roman writers. Quintilian recognized Cicero as his greatest inspiration, and it is not too much to regard the Western rhetorical tradition as essentially Ciceronian: in its concept of the statesman as orator, in its theoretical categories and terminology, and in its artistic and stylistic values. But from later Antiquity until the Renaissance the authoritative texts were not what we might think of as Cicero’s major writings on rhetoric: the urbane dialogue On the Orator and the elegant treatises called Brutus and Orator.
Three Senses of Belonging on the Khantaika
Authors: Anderson David G 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE MOST CONSPICUOUS result of the reforms to Soviet state socialism has been the eruption of claims to self-determination and territorial autonomy, and in the end, the crumbling of the union altogether. The strength of social movements organized around nationality in this former socialist state are paradoxical along several dimensions. First, such groundswells of political activity contradicted with resounding emphasis the reigning models of state and society which portrayed the Soviet Union as a seamless, although atomized, whole. Second, the success of national identity as a political discourse directly contradicted official communist ideology which proclaimed the unity of peoples along class dimensions and not dimensions of nationality. Third, although modernist theories predict nationalism in societies organized by strong states promoting standard literacy through a mass media, they cannot account for the development of multiple national identities within a single modern state let alone within specific local segments of a state. This ethnography of belonging to a nationality, a territory, and a kollektiv) in a relatively isolated Arctic state farm allows us to understand the diverging tendencies within Soviet state-building which continue to contribute to its unravelling.
Objective Human Goods
Authors: Moore Andrew 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
What is well-being? This question is central to two books and many papers James Griffin has published in the last ten years. A key part of his answer is given by the following ‘profile of prudential values’: Accomplishment is the achievement of something that itself has substantial value. Autonomy is choosing one’s own course and making something of one’s life according to one’s own lights. Liberty is the absence of obstacles to action; minimum material provision is ‘limbs and senses that work, the minimum material goods to keep body and soul together, freedom from great pain and anxiety’ (WB 67). Understanding is the responsive grasp of important facts about ourselves and our place in the world. Enjoyment is pleasing, satisfying, or fulfilling experience. Deep personal relations are those (of love and affection between fairly mature persons’ (VJ 53).