bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a cell surface marker for embryonic rat spinal accessory motor neurons
Authors: Schubert William , Kaprielian Zaven 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe developing mammalian spinal cord contains distinct populations of motor neurons that can be distinguished by their cell body positions, by the expression of specific combinations of regulatory genes, and by the paths that their axons take to exit the central nervous system (CNS). Subclasses of spinal motor neurons are also thought to express specific cell surface proteins that function as receptors which control the guidance of their axons. We identified monoclonal antibody (mAb) SAC1 in a screen aimed at generating markers for specific subsets of neurons/axons in the developing rat spinal cord. During early embryogenesis, mAb SAC1 selectively labels a small subset of Isl1‐positive motor neurons located exclusively within cervical segments of the spinal cord. Strikingly, these neurons extend mAb SAC1‐positive axons along a dorsally directed trajectory toward the lateral exit points. Consistent with the finding that mAb SAC1 also labels spinal accessory nerves, these observations identify mAb SAC1 as a specific marker of spinal accessory motor neurons/axons. During later stages of embryogenesis, mAb SAC1 is transiently expressed on both dorsally and ventrally projecting spinal motor neurons/axons. Interestingly, mAb SAC1 also labels the notochord and floor plate during most stages of spinal cord development. The mAb SAC1 antigen is a 100‐kD glycoprotein that is likely to be the rat homolog of SC1/BEN/DM‐GRASP, a homophilic adhesion molecule that mediates axon outgrowth and fasciculation. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:368–383, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Corticopulvinar connections of areas V5, V4, and V3 in the macaque monkey: A dual model of retinal and cortical topographies
Authors: Shipp S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe connection zones of cortical areas V3, V4, and V5 (MT) with the thalamic pulvinar nucleus in the macaque monkey were identified. A combination of single‐ and dual‐tracer techniques was used to study their topography and to establish whether these zones occupy separate or overlapping pulvinar territories. In each case, the retinotopic distribution of tracer in the pulvinar was charted by reference to its parallel distribution within the maps of cortical areas V1 and V2. Each of the areas V3, V4, and V5 were found to connect with both the 1° and the 2° maps located within the inferior and lateral pulvinar nuclei and to respect the previously identified topographies of these maps. However, V5 connects to a narrow zone lining the rostrolateral margin of the lateral and inferior pulvinar and V4 to a broader zone within the body of these two nuclei, which is adjacent to but separate from the V5 zone; the V3 zone overlaps both. Focal injections into cortex produce columns of pulvinar label whose trajectory defines a line of isorepresentation. The lines of isorepresentation in the 1° and 2° maps are approximately linear and parallel and adopt a rostrolateral to caudomedial axis; in the 1° map, this axis is roughly perpendicular to the facet of the inferior pulvinar that lies adjacent to the lateral geniculate nucleus. The connections of V5 and V4 can be modelled as successive zones along the axis of isorepresentation, with registered visual topographies. The scheme is extended by existing reports that inferotemporal cortex connects to the caudomedial pole of this axis—reflecting an occipitotemporal cortical gradient, in that V1 and other prestriate areas, e.g., V3, connect to the opposite pole. Thus a simple model of the mapped volume in the pulvinar arises, in which a unidimensional cortical topography is represented orthogonally to retinal topography. Adjoining this volume medially, within the inferior and medial pulvinar, is a second, heavier zone of V5 connectivity, which is poorly topographic. Both the medial and the rostrolateral zones of V5 connectivity may overlap with previously identified regions of tectal input to the pulvinar.J. Comp. Neurol. 439:469–490, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An objective incremental formulation for the solution of anisotropic elastoplastic problems at finite strain
Authors: Chatti S. , Dogui A. , Dubujet Ph. , Sidoroff F. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis paper presents an objective formulation for the anisotropic elastic–plastic problems at large strain plasticity. The constitutive equations are written in a rotating frame. The multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient is adopted and the formulation is hyperelastic based. Since no stress rates are present and the incremental constitutive law was formulated in a rotating frame, the formulation is numerically objective in the time integration. Explicit algorithm was proposed and has been optimized with regard to stability and accuracy. The incremental law was integrated in fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC) method to model anisotropic elastic–plastic problems at finite strain. Structural tests are carried out for isotropic and orthotropic materials. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient transformation with Gauss quadrature rule for weakly singular integrals
Authors: Yun Beong In 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe superiority of the use of non‐linear transformations, in numerical evaluation of the weakly singular integrals, has been recently demonstrated. In this paper, we propose a new non‐linear transformation containing a parameter which has most properties of the sigmoidal transformation. The sigmoidal behaviour of the present transformation, ΩEm(b;x) is governed not only by the order m but also by the parameter b≠0. It is shown that the presented transformation together with the Gauss–Legendre quadrature rule can better the asymptotic truncation error of the approximation effectively by controlling the value of b.Comparison of the present method with a well‐known sigmoidal transformation, in numerical examples, shows that more accurate evaluation of weakly singular integrals can be obtained so long as the number of integration points is moderately large. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of parallel preconditioners for adaptive hp FEM discretization of incompressible flows
Authors: Bauer Andrew C. , Patra Abani K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdaptive hp finite element (FEM) approximations of incompressible flow make special demands on parallel solution algorithms. We report here on the performance of standard algebraic preconditioning techniques for the efficient solution of such problems. We employ a Schur complement scheme to eliminate the ‘bubble’ degrees of freedom associated with the velocity field, thus removing the zeros from the diagonals and enabling the use of standard algebraic techniques. Using new data management strategies and the PETSc library of iterative solvers for linear systems, numerical results for Jacobi, Block Jacobi and Additive Schwartz preconditioners are presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Balancing Neumann‐Neumann methods for incompressible Stokes equations
Authors: Pavarino Luca F. , Widlund Olof B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBalancing Neumann‐Neumann methods are introduced and studied for incompressible Stokes equations discretized with mixed finite or spectral elements with discontinuous pressures. After decomposing the original domain of the problem into nonoverlapping subdomains, the interior unknowns, which are the interior velocity component and all except the constant‐pressure component, of each subdomain problem are implicitly eliminated. The resulting saddle point Schur complement is solved with a Krylov space method with a balancing Neumann‐Neumann preconditioner based on the solution of a coarse Stokes problem with a few degrees of freedom per subdomain and on the solution of local Stokes problems with natural and essential boundary conditions on the subdomains. This preconditioner is of hybrid form in which the coarse problem is treated multiplicatively while the local problems are treated additively. The condition number of the preconditioned operator is independent of the number of subdomains and is bounded from above by the product of the square of the logarithm of the local number of unknowns in each subdomain and a factor that depends on the inverse of the inf‐sup constants of the discrete problem and of the coarse subproblem. Numerical results show that the method is quite fast; they are also fully consistent with the theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parallel versions of Stone's strongly implicit algorithm
Authors: Reeve J. S. , Scurr A. D. , Merlin J. H. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn this paper, we describe various methods of deriving a parallel version of Stone's Strongly Implicit Procedure (SIP) for solving sparse linear equations arising from finite difference approximation to partial differential equations (PDEs). Sequential versions of this algorithm have been very successful in solving semi‐conductor, heat conduction and flow simulation problems and an efficient parallel version would enable much larger simulations to be run. An initial investigation of various parallelizing strategies was undertaken using a version of high performance Fortran (HPF) and the best methods were reprogrammed using the MPI message passing libraries for increased efficiency. Early attempts concentrated on developing a parallel version of the characteristic wavefront computation pattern of the existing sequential SIP code. However, a red‐black ordering of grid points, similar to that used in parallel versions of the Gauss–Seidel algorithm, is shown to be far more efficient. The results of both the wavefront and red‐black MPI based algorithms are reported for various size problems and number of processors on a sixteen node IBM SP2. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing the distribution of large data sets in theory and practice
Authors: Rauch Felix , Kurmann Christian , Stricker Thomas M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMulticasting large amounts of data efficiently to all nodes of a PC clusteris an important operation. In the form of a partition cast it can be used to replicate entire software installations by cloning. Optimizing a partition cast for a given cluster of PCs reveals some interesting architectural tradeoffs, since the fastest solution does not only depend on the network speed and topology, but remains highly sensitive to other resources like the disk speed, the memory system performance and the processing power in the participating nodes. We present an analytical model that guides an implementation towards an optimal configuration for any given PC cluster. The model is validated by measurements on our cluster using Gigabit‐ and Fast‐Ethernet links. The resulting simple software tool, Dolly, can replicate an entire 2 GB Windows NT image onto 24 machines in less than 5 min. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosomal imbalances in primary and metastatic melanomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Balázs Margit , Ádám Zsuzsa , Treszl Andrea , Bégány Ágnes , Hunyadi János , Ádány Róza 
Published: August 2002

AbstractCharacteristic genetic changes underlying the metastatic progression of malignant melanoma is incompletely understood. The goal of our study was to explore specific chromosomal alterations associated with the aggressive behavior of this neoplasm. Comparative genomic hybridization was performed to screen and compare genomic imbalances present in primary and metastatic melanomas. Sixteen primary and 12 metastatic specimens were analyzed. We found that the pattern of chromosomal aberrations is similar in the two subgroups; however, alterations present only in primary and/or metastatic tumors were also discovered. The mean number of genetic changes was 6.3 (range 1–14) in primary and 7.8 (range 1–16) in metastatic lesions. Frequent losses involved 9p and 10q, whereas gains most often occurred at 1q, 6p, 7q, and 8q. Distinct, high‐level amplifications were mapped to 1p12–p21 and 1p22–p31 in both tumor types. Amplification of 4q12–q13.1, 7q21.3‐qter and 8q23‐qter were detected only in primary tumors. The 20q13‐qter amplicon was present in a metastatic tumor. The number of genetic alterations were significantly higher in primary tumors which developed metastases within one year after the surgery compared to tumors without metastasis during this time period. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with centromeric and locus‐specific probes was applied to validate CGH results on a subset of tumors. Comparison of FISH and CGH data gave good correlation. The aggressive behavior of melanoma is associated with accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Chromosome regions, which differ in the primary and metastatic lesions, may represent potential targets to identify metastases‐related chromosomal alterations. Cytometry (Comm. Clin. Cytometry) 46:222–232, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: A cytologic dilemma. Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Chang Andrea , Bassett Lawrence , Bose Shikha 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAdenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare benign tumor made up of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. The cytologic features of this lesion are not well defined. This report describes the cytologic features of a case of adenomyoepthelioma characterized by hypercellularity and the presence of many atypical epithelial cells, leading to the erroneous diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. Review of the cytology literature shows that this condition frequently mimics the cytologic features of a number of benign and malignant breast lesions, thus representing not only an important potential pitfall in the diagnosis of carcinoma but also a differential diagnosis to consider in a variety of breast lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:191–196; DOI 10.1002/dc.10073 © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of “proximal‐type” epithelioid sarcoma
Authors: González‐Peramato Pilar , Jiménez‐Heffernan José A. , Cuevas Jesus 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe cytologic and immunocytologic findings in a case of recurrent “proximal‐type” epithelioid sarcoma (ES) of the vulva are presented. This is a recently described neoplasm that differs clinically and morphologically from conventional ES. Cytologic smears showed a dissociated population of large, atypical neoplastic cells with bi‐ and multinucleated cells, abundant cytoplasm, and rhabdoid‐like morphology. Due to its different clinical management it must be differentiated from metastatic carcinoma and melanoma. From a practical perspective, its differentiation from other epithelial‐like sarcomas is less important. In conclusion the cytopathologic findings of “proximal‐type” ES show a good correlation with histopathology, permitting the diagnosis of recurrences and metastases. When accompanied by adequate clinical information and ancillary studies, a specific preoperative recognition seems possible. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:122–125. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utility of additional slides from residual Preservcyt™ material in difficult ThinPrep® gynecologic specimens: A prospective study of 58 cases
Authors: Hoerl H. Daniel , Wagner Joanne L. , De Las Casas Luis E. , Shalkham John E. , Hafez G. Reza , Kurtycz Daniel F.I. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThinPrep® purportedly increases the sensitivity of cervicovaginal cytology for detecting abnormal squamous and glandular cells. The value of additional slides from residual Preservcyt™ material to characterize difficult lesions is unknown. Fifty‐eight cases were studied to determine the utility of additional slides for diagnosis and to assess cellular uniformity. In 32 (55%), repeat slides helped make a definitive diagnosis, including 18 atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS) reclassified as low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) (13), high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) (4), or endometrial adenocarcinoma (1); 5 LGSIL reclassified as HGSIL; 3 atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance (AGUS) reclassified as LGSIL (1) or HGSIL (2); 2 LGSIL?HGSIL classified as LGSIL; and 4 cases confirmed as LGSIL (2) or HGSIL (2). Results were compared to follow‐up clinical information, including subsequent cervicovaginal samples and biopsies. The number of abnormal cells was similar between slides in most cases. We conclude that, while ThinPreps prepared from the same vial have similar numbers of abnormal cells, additional slides can be helpful for diagnosis in select cases. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2001;25:141–147. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of monocyte/macrophage cell populations in effusions: A comparative study using flow cytometric immunophenotyping and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Risberg Bjørn , Davidson Ben , Nielsen Søren , Dong Hiep P. , Christensen Jette , Johansen Preben , Asschenfeldt Pia , Berner Aasmund 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to compare the efficiency of immunophenotyping using flow cytometry (FCM) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) in the detection of macrophages in serous effusions. Cytoblock sections from 90 effusions were stained for the monocyte/macrophage marker CD14, using ICC. Fresh‐frozen samples of all cases were analyzed for CD14 expression, using FCM. Epithelial, lymphoid, and mesothelial cell populations were identified using antibodies against Ber‐EP4, CD45, and N‐cadherin, respectively. Results were compared with clinical parameters and morphological diagnosis. Thirty‐nine specimens were cytologically diagnosed as malignant, containing tumor cells of nonhematologic origin, whereas 46 were interpreted as benign. Two additional specimens were diagnosed as indeterminate or suspicious for malignancy, and 3 specimens contained lymphoma cells. CD14‐positive cells were detected in 85/90 (94%) of effusions using FCM, and in all 90 specimens using ICC. The percentage of CD14‐positive cells was highly variable, but in some specimens was as high as 76% using FCM and 85% using ICC. A good association was observed between the two methods in the detection of CD14‐positive cells (P < 0.001). The presence of macrophages in effusions showed an association with female gender, using both FCM (P = 0.002) and ICC (P = 0.011), but none with effusion site, patient age, clinical and cytological diagnosis, or presence of Ber‐EP4‐positive cells (P > 0.05). The presence of Ber‐EP4‐positive cells showed a strong association with the cytological diagnosis of malignancy (P < 0.001). In conclusion, macrophages are a significant cell population in effusions, of both benign and malignant etiology, due to both their size and their possible confusion with cancer cells. Both FCM and ICC aid in the recognition of these cells, and thus provide an effective tool for the identification of different cell populations in effusions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 25:214–219, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor development for the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Peterson J. Thomas , Li Hua 
Published: August 2002

AbstractMatrix metalloprotease inhibitor (MMPi) drug discovery initially focused on the therapeutic use of these compounds as antineoplastic and antiarthritis agents to reduce metastases and joint matrix degradation, respectively. However, increased MMP expression has been shown to occur after myocardial ischemia (MI) and during progressive heart failure (HF). Inhibition of MMP activity has been shown to limit left ventricular aneurysm, slow atherosclerotic plaque progression, and reduce left ventricular dilation after MI in mice as well as preserving left ventricular geometry and function in several animal HF models. A growing literature indicates that MMPi treatment may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment for a variety of cardiovascular diseases, especially prevention of heart failure. The objective of this article is to define the role of MMPs in HF, identify which MMPs are upregulated, and outline potential limitations of MMPi therapy in this disease. Drug Dev. Res. 55:29–44, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Fredholm Bertil B. , Arslan Giulia , Halldner Linda , Kull Björn , Schulte Gunnar , Ådén Ulrika , Svenningsson Per 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis overview will focus on recent data from our laboratory. The four cloned human adenosine receptors stably transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells were studied with respect to signaling via cyclic AMP and mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases. Adenosine acted as a full agonist at all the adenosine receptors when increases (A2A or A2B receptors) or decreases (A1 and A3 receptors) in cyclic AMP accumulation were studied. Adenosine was approximately equipotent at A1, A2A, and A3 receptors, but approximately 50 times higher concentrations were needed at A2B receptors. The potency of adenosine was such that levels encountered under basal physiological conditions (30–300 nM) were sufficient to activate all but the A2B receptors. Inosine was a low‐efficacy agonist at A1 and A3 receptors but was inactive at A2A and A2B receptors. Thus, adenosine is the most important agonist and the only one at A2A and A2B receptors. When MAP kinase signaling was examined, adenosine was equipotent at all the four receptors, and significant activation was noted at 100 nM adenosine. The potency of adenosine is dependent not only on the type of receptor but also on receptor number. Thus, high potency of adenosine is seen only where the receptor is expressed abundantly. These and other results are reviewed and discussed in relation to agonist and antagonist effects in vivo. In particular, we summarize recent data that show that adenosine tonically activates A2A receptors in the basal ganglia. Some aspects of the use of adenosine A2A receptor antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson disease also are highlighted. Drug Dev. Res. 52:274–282, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological characterization of the rat brain P2Y1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells: Ca2+ signaling and receptor regulation
Authors: Vöhringer Christian , Reiser Georg 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe increasing number of ATP‐ and UTP‐sensitive membrane receptors identified by cloning represent either ligand‐activated ion channels (P2X) or G‐protein‐coupled receptors (P2Y). Adenosine, ATP, and UTP have potential application in the management of pain, cancer, and some cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and are also involved in inflammatory processes in the brain. Therefore, P2Y receptors seem to be promising therapeutic targets. Multiple P2Y receptor subtypes, classified pharmacologically, are mainly linked to activation of phospholipase C (PLC). The present study further characterizes the rat brain P2Y1 wild‐type receptor (rP2Y1‐wt) and the eGFP‐tagged receptor (rP2Y1‐eGFP) stably expressed in HEK293 cells, thus shedding light on receptor regulation. Both receptors were analyzed by measuring Ca2+ responses in single cells. The rP2Y1‐eGFP receptor was coupled to Ca2+ release like the rP2Y1‐wt receptor. Experiments using the PLC inhibitor U73122 confirm the functional activation of PLCβ through rP2Y1‐eGFP activation. The P2Y1‐selective agonists 2‐MeSADP and 2‐MeSATP were most potent at the heterologously expressed receptors. We found a ligand selectivity typical for P2Y1 receptors (2‐MeSADP = 2‐MeSATP > ADP > ATPαS, ATP >> UTP). Fluorescence microscopy and Ca2+ measurements confirm that the rP2Y1‐eGFP receptor during homologous desensitization is subjected to processes leading to agonist‐induced internalization. The kinetics of receptor resensitization were also examined. Therefore, rP2Y1‐eGFP expressing cells are suitable to determine the physiological P2Y1 receptor signaling pathway and can be a helpful tool to identify drugs acting at P2Y1 receptors as possible therapeutic targets. Drug Dev. Res. 53:172–179, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.