bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Thoughts on Closure: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Fowler Don 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Literary cnt1cs have begun very much to look to their ends. ‘Closure’ has become a central critical concern, as a glance at the items listed under that heading in the MLA International Bibliography since 1981 soon makes clear, and recent years have seen the devotion to the subject of the 1978 issue of Nineteenth Century Fiction and the 1984 issue of Yale French Studies.This interest is not entirely new.
Postcolonial Paradoxes in French Caribbean Writing
Authors: Suk Jeannie 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is the first major study of French Caribbean literature in light of the concept of postcoloniality. Postcolonial theory debates have developed in the anglophone domain, and have not as yet referred prominently to francophone literature. Jeannie Suk investigates how the literature of Martinique and Guadeloupe provides a kaleidescopic view of the paradoxes at the heart of postcoloniality. Through subtle and provocative readings of Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Baudelaire, Freud, and others, she illuminates how the development of French Caribbean literature and debates about négritude, antillanité, and creolité contribute to theories of in-betweenness and incompleteness central to postcolonial modes. In each chapter, lively and detailed analyses of literary and critical texts reveal connections between key thematic, conceptual, rhetorical, and psychic issues that form the interface of Caribbean and postcolonial concerns. The first part paves theoretical ground, focusing on readings of two seminal texts, Césaire’s Cahier d’un retour au pays natal and Glissant’s Discours antillais; the second part concentrates on Maryse Condé’s exemplary work. Lucidly articulating the overlap and interplay of the distance of oceanic crossing, the discontinuities of allegorical signification, and the gap at the heart of trauma, Suk probes the paradoxical dynamic of impossible yet inevitable returns in space, time, and the psyche. She shows how literal and metaphorical “crossings” both produce and impede history and representation. The result is a new framework for understanding the intersection of postcolonial, psychoanalytic, deconstructive, and French Caribbean problems in a language attentive to improbable recurrences across theories and registers. Postcolonial Paradoxes is a major contribution to criticism and theory, of interest to scholars and students of postcolonialism, Caribbean and African diaspora literature, French literature, and psychoanalysis.
Mozart’s Symphonies
Authors: Zaslaw Neal 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
First published in hardback, in 1989, Mozart’s Symphonies is the first serious attempt in any language to survey the entire panorama of Mozart’s symphonic works. Accounting for every symphony associated with Mozart involved the identification and evaluation of nearly a hundred symphonies. Professor Zaslaw placed each symphony in its musical and cultural context, and addressed such questions as how and why the symphonies were written, how they were disseminated, who paid for them, who played them, who listened to them, and what those involved thought of them. The role of the symphony in Mozart’s creative life and his contribution to the genre was also examined. The result is a classic of Mozart scholarship, which offers an outstanding contribution to Mozart literature in this generation. This paperback edition makes that contribution more widely known in this year, the bicentenary of Mozart’s death.
After-Images: Posthumous Portraits of Coleridge
Authors: Paley Morton D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
IT is frequently the case in our culture that the most important posthumous representations are three-dimensional, and this is certainly true of those of Coleridge, beginning with his death mask or masks and culminating in the commemorative bust sculpted by Hamo Thornycroft for Westminster Abbey. ‘Two casts were taken of S. T. C.’s head after death,’ wrote Henry Nelson Coleridge to John Taylor Coleridge on 7 August 1834. This was unusual, as the normal practice was to take a single mask and then make casts from it. James Gillman supervised the making of the masks, and one of them eventually appeared in the collection of the Edinburgh Phrenological Society, which may already have owned the life-mask taken by Spurzheim. That mask is now in the Henderson Trust Collection, University of Edinburgh. Another death-mask, now in the Princeton University Library, has a curious history.
In praise of scribes
Authors: Beal Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1978, addressing some American students, the novelist Kurt Vonnegut Jr talked about what he called ‘darking’ (sic). ‘Clarking, a wholly human enterprise’, he said, ‘is sacred ... Clarking is the most profound and effective form of meditation practiced on this planet ... Why? Because darks, by reading well, can think the thoughts of the wisest and most interesting human minds throughout all history. When darks meditate, even if they themselves have only mediocre intellects, they do it with the thoughts of angels. What could be more sacred than that?’1 By ‘darks’, I take it, Vonnegut means scribes-people, both clerics and laymen, who physically write or copy things for a living, at even the most humble, mechanical level. Though he stops short of saying that it is clerks rather than poets who are the unacknowledged legislators of the world, Vonnegut sees these lowly artisans as the people who have channelled and supported literacy in society and effectively preserved the great ideas of mankind.
The Spectral Jew
Authors: Kruger Steven F 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For medieval Christianity, one historical moment—the moment of Christ’s incarnation—rewrites all of history. The point at which divinity intervenes decisively in human affairs-not just to shape or redirect them but to change them essentially—opens a new future for humanity, and whether this is thought in individual or corporate terms, with attentiveness to the personal consequences of (im)moral behaviour or to the promises and dangers of apocalypse and millennium, it demands a very different relation also to present and past time. The present comes to be intimately connected to both the (past) incarnational moment and the salvific future this makes possible. Indeed, the present becomes a time of Christ’s presence, with the Church and its institutions (and particularly the Eucharist) maintaining the real bodily and spiritual presence of the divine in the world. And there come to be, in essence, two quite different sorts of past time; the first, the everyday past of living human beings, a past lived within the present time instituted by the incarnation; but the second, a past truly past, the past of life before the incarnation, standing outside the framework of a properly Christian history.
The Elsmere Ordeal: 1884-1888
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
DESPITE tepid reviews and sluggish early sales, Mary Ward was stubbornly optimistic about Miss Bretherton’s long-term prospects. Macmillan was less sanguine. On 31 January 1885-just two months after the novel’s publication— they advertised a ‘second edition’ which was manifestly a ruse to clear the unsold bulk of the first printing. Thereafter, the publisher ceased to advertise the work, judging it for trade purposes wholly dead. The author continued to hope. On 5 February 1885, she asked Craik if they were going to reprint soon and if anything were yet known about the American sale: ‘I am very anxious the book should make some impression there.’ In the same letter, she outlined her plans for a next work of fiction—Robert Elsmere as it was to be: ‘I hope I may be able to send you a story next October which will be better worth people’s interest than this one. I have it all planned, and I shall take, all being well, five quiet months in the country to write it.
The Fiction Machine: 1890-1900
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE runaway success of Robert Elsmere inaugurated thirteen years of compar¬ative stability and contentment. This was the 'broad middle plateau of life’ as Mary Ward called it.1 She was over these years an established, highly paid author and an esteemed public person—at last someone 'who counted’. Her image—for all the world like the figure-head of HMS Late Victorian—was photographed and revered by her contemporaries.
The New World: 1908
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BOURCHIER’S treachery was a depressing start to the new year of 1908. An alternative arrangement for the play was cobbled together at desperately short notice. William Ashe would now be performed at Terry’s Theatre in London from April to May. To reduce rehearsal time, actors already familiar with their roles were brought from America, where the play (whose rights had been bought) had been in repertory for some years.
Poetry as Literary Criticism
Authors: O’Neill Michael 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In early October 1979, Stephen Spender sat in a classroom, reading to himself from an anthology as he prepared to teach poetry to some would-be poets. The next day, in Lynchburg, Virginia, he wrote in his journal: ‘The Wild Swans at Coole, Book IX of Paradise Lost, some William Carlos Williams which made me revise my opinion of him. What incredible language, how edible, how delectable, why, I wonder, do I ever read anything but poetry?’ ‘The Bishop Orders his Tomb!’, he went on to exclaim, warming to his theme It is a revealing poem on which to alight since Browning’s lapis-loving prelate, who insists for his epitaph on ‘Choice Latin, picked phrase, Tully’s every word’,2 arouses divided feelings. The Bishop is corruptly but magnificently worldly, embodying the contradictions of the Renaissance; the poem half-allegorizes the tug between ethics and aesthetics and might be said to show that poems are not merely epicurean verbal feasts. But Spender’s joyous savouring reminds us that, in Wallace Stevens’s phrase, ‘It must give pleasure’, even if that ‘pleasure’ often derives, as Harold Bloom suggests, from the way a poet masters ‘the unplea sure of a dangerous situation’.
The Final ‘Memorial of my Own Principles’: Dryden’s Alter Egos in his Later Career
Authors: Reverand Ii Cedric D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
With modern scholarship over the last thirty years or so being more attentive to what Thomas H. Fujimura has aptly called ‘the personal element‘ in Dryden‘s poetry, we have become more alert to the ways in which he used alter egos in his poems to help him work through his frustrations, defend himself, and express his values. We have also become more alert to a recurrent Dryden concern, which often appeared when he addressed other artists, namely the power of art, of particular interest to him because he regarded his role as a public poet in a classical sense, as vates, meaning both bard and prophet, empowered with special authority to comment and criticize. One of the most telling examinations of this issue occurs in his ode to Anne Killigrew (1686), where Dryden, having recently converted to Catholicism, takes stock of his career to this point and rebukes himself for stooping to write obscene plays when he might have had nobler poetic ambitions.
The New Woman and the Wandering Jew
Authors: Parsons Deborah L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The trope of the male fiâneur can encompass an urban cultural field, populated with figures that vary from the literary bohemian, the tourist, the exile, and the rag-picker to the institutions of state power. The stretched boundaries of this cultural space are equally permeable to other figures, however. Adrian Rifkin notes of the years after the 1914-18 war that ‘a new stratum of single women, who learn their own circuits in the rounds of work and pleasure’ enter the city and ‘hide, so to speak, in this man-made space, while their pleasures represent a real displacement of its values’.1 For the city of spectacle and consumption patrolled by the male fiâneur also provided the necessary conditions for women’s greater access to public urban space. I would locate the timing of this phenomenon earlier than Rifkin, however, beginning in the late nineteenth century with the rise of the New Woman.
Licence Taken Borrowed Prurience and the First Whitefriars Company
Authors: Bly Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The first Whitefriars company, or the ‘King’s Revels’, was a short lived failure: a boys’ company that survived just over a year, leaving behind it a flotilla of lawsuits and prison terms for debt. Its eight known plays are tawdry and imitative. Two were revived from earlier performances and four were composed by playwrights/ shareholders who had written, at most, one other play. Those plays which are conclusively accepted as written for the Whitefriars repertory are Lording Barry’s Ram Alley (16w), John Day’s Humour out qf Breath (1608), Gervase Markham and Lewis Machin’s The Dumb Knight (1608),John Mason’s The Turke (1609), and Edward Sharpham’s Cupid’s Whirligig (1607).1 The quarto editions of these five plays boast of performances ‘by the Children of the Kings Reuels’.2 In addition, I follow Harold Hillebrand in maintaining thatJohn Day’s Law Tricks (1608) was part of the Whitefriars repertory.
Sodomy in the Literary Terrain: Readers and Reading Pleasures
Authors: Bly Mary 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In 1992 Gregory Bred beck looked at sonnets written by Richard Barn field and by William Shakespeare, trying ‘to find a place for the sodomite within . . . the linguistic practices of the culture of early modern England’.1 He forges an elegant link between the possibility of a self-conscious sodomite and the practice of reading homoerotic verse. In this chapter, I propose, similarly, to examine the ‘linguistic practices’ of a particular literature in order to reconstruct its original readers.2 I am looking for the tracks of a literary community, a group of writers who shared an interest in depictions of homoerotic pleasure, in order to discern and reconstruct a community of readers, using early modern writers as a resource to discern early modern readers. The textual transactions I address in this chapter-reading, creation,
Physick, Verse, and Female Subjectivity
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The handful of poems on medical themes discussed in this chapter exemplify with sometimes painful clarity the contradictions of Barker’s position as a learned woman who identified with, but was excluded from, men’s communities of learning. That these poems exhibit considerable intellectual confusion might almost go without saying. Female identification with a male point of view, as Adrienne Rich has observed, results in ‘synapses in thought, denials of feeling, wishful thinking, a profound sexual and intellectual confusion’ in which ‘many women engage ... and from which no woman is permanently and utterly free’-features of what Rich calls ‘doublethink’.I In the last chapter we saw Barker using sociable verse to gain admission to a kind of Cambridge of the mind. Here we shall see her using poetic fantasy to claim belonging with the medical establishment, a mode of investment in male interests that would prove even less possible to sustain.
Catholicism, ‘our holy King’, and St-Germain
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Jane Barker left behind two considerable bodies of verse. The first, the coterie verse preserved in Poetical Recreations (1688), shows a young woman engaged in sociable verse exchange with a network of male friends as a way of sustaining her self-image as a woman of intellectual and literary attainment. The second, occasional and political verse written for the most part during Barker’s fifteen years of exile (1689-1704) at the Stuart court at St-Germain-en-Laye to circulate within the exile community, is the subject of the present chapter. Bitter, righteous, fiercely pro-Stuart, the St-Germain poems offer a picture of a devoted Jacobite of middle years, a Catholic convert and political exile, who sought recognition at the Stuart courtin-exile and, what is more extraordinary, felt herself obliged and authorized to compose a substantial verse-history intended to expose the ‘madness and mallice’ of the times.
A Jacobite Novelist
Authors: King Kathryn R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The next two chapters explore features of the prose fictions Barker published in the literary market-place between 1713 and 1725. The emphasis of the present chapter upon their religio-political aspects departs sharply from existing approaches, which tend to concentrate upon gender-and-genres themes in relation to feminist paradigms of female authorship or to pursue the meanings of Barker’s autobiographical self-inscriptions.
Unpopularizing Shakespeare: A Short History
Authors: Lanier Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We so routinely associate Shakespeare with high culture that we easily forget this association is hardly natural. Shakespeare’s special status in the literary canon springs from a complex history of appropriation and reappropriation, through which his image and works have been repeatedly recast to speak to the purposes, fantasies, and anxieties of various historical moments. The process of reinvention that has given us our Shakespeare is complex and by no means inevitable.
A Will to Reinvent: Biography and Mythology
Authors: Lanier Douglas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When we picture Shakespeare, what first comes to mind is the image captured in Martin Droeshout’s engraving for the 1623 First Folio, which has become the most famous image of an author ever produced. It is a strange portrait. Unlike other frontispiece images of its day, Shakespeare appears without the classicizing or allegorical paraphernalia that place him in a specific intellectual tradition and announce his status as poet.
Slavery and Romantic Poetry
Authors: Wood Marcus 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Blake’s engagement with Atlantic slavery is now generating a veritable subdiscourse within Romantic studies. These debates focus on two loci that are seen to constitute Blake’s most direct treatment of slavery. The first are the engravings which Blake made for Captain John Stedman’s Narrative of a Five Years Expedition Against the Revolted Negroes of Surinamand the second is The Visions of the Daughters of Albion.1 Yet, as with Austen, Percy Shelley, and Charlotte Brontë, the critique of slavery that Blake generated is one that does not fall into any easy polemical category. Blake never preached a narrow political agenda, and he does not produce straightforward propaganda on slavery.2
‘Kubla Khan’ and the Theory of the Earth
Authors: Mckusick James C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the development of Coleridge’s lyric poetry within the historical and intellectual contexts of geological theory. Previous critics, most notably John Livingston Lowes in The Road to Xanadu (1927), have commented extensively on Coleridge’s acquaintance with Thomas Burnet’s Telluris theoria sacra (first published in 1681), a work of speculative theology that sought to reconcile the present appearance of the earth’s surface with the Biblical account of the Deluge.
Historicist Readings of The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Authors: Roe Nicholas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In his influential essay ‘The Meaning of The Ancient Mariner‘, Jerome McGann exposed the pervasive ‘uniformity of approach’' in nineteenth- and twentieth-century readings of this poem, arguing that critics have consistently interpreted The Ancient Mariner according to the same Christian framework of beliefs endorsed by Coleridge himself.
Arms and the Woman
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Faerie Queene presents itself as a sort of magic ‘mirrhor’ in which England’s ‘dread’ sovereign is invited to ‘behold thy face, | And thine owne realmes in the lond of Faery, |And in this antique Image thy great auncestry’ (2 Proem 4). This ‘mirrhor’ repeatedly assures her that its lady queen is ‘fairest of all’, and even that she herself may be regarded as a ‘mirrour of grace and Maiestie divine’ (r Proem 4). The ‘poet historical’ has, it seems, found timeless truth in the contemplation of a unique political icon, ‘like as two mirrours by opposd reflexion, | Doe both expresse the faces first impression’.
‘Salvage Nacion’
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Long before the composition of The Faerie Queene, Ireland was constructed as an ‘allegorical’ space, a precinct of monstrosity and ‘otherness’ precariously perched on the edge of the known world. AB Marina Warner reminds us, however, ‘monsters’ are made not born, and Spenser was fully aware of the mind’s capacity to create illusory terrors: ‘why make ye such Monster of your mind?’ (3. 2. 40), Glauce asks the adolescent Britomart whose subsequent experience in the House of Busirane is related to the ‘phastasies’ of ‘wavering wemens wit’ (3. 12. 26). The ‘monsters’ of colonial poetics are equally indebted to hidden demons.
Sins of Difference
Authors: McCabe Richard A 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It has recently been argued that ‘The Legend of Temperaunce’ is not greatly concerned with Ireland, that its principal focus, as the proem suggests, is on the New World. But this is to insist upon a distinction that Elizabethan commentators laboured to obscure. To conquer Ireland, according to Sir William Herbert, was to facilitate ‘our vast enterprises in the Atlantic and West Indies’. Pynes Moryson expressed the matter even more succinctly when he described Ireland as ‘this famous Iland in the Virginian Sea’. When it came to the business of settling colonists there ‘no lesse Cautions were to be observed for uniting them and keeping them from mixing with the other, then if these newe Colonyes were to be ledd to inhabitt among the barbarous lndians’.
Introduction: Ireland’s Alhambra
Authors: Sewell Frank 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The need to focus, at length, on these four poets has forced me to omit others who could have been included: Máire Mhac an tSaoi, Eoghan Ó Tuairisc, Michael Davitt, Liam Ó Muirthile and Biddy Jenkinson, to name bur a few.
One of Whom? Lord Jim and ‘Ability in the Abstract’
Authors: Trotter David 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
For historians of English literary culture, one text above all has brought into focus the issue I addressed in the final section of the previous chapter: the issue of the relation between Modernist experiment and tum-of-the-century popular romance. That text is Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim (1900). In what is probably the most influential study of the novel to have been published in the last twenty years or so, Frederic Jameson observes that the novel’s method combines an avant-garde ‘practice of style’ with the ‘diversion and distraction’ an Edwardian reader would have expected to find in a nautical yarn by R. M. Ballantyne or Frederick Marryat. In Jameson’s fornmla, Lord Jim is part Proust, part Robert Louis Stevenson: it combines an austere Modernism with the ‘commercialized cultural discourse’ characteristic, in his view, of a ‘media society’.