bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is a randomised controlled trial of take home naloxone distributed in emergency settings likely to be feasible and acceptable? Findings from a UK qualitative study exploring perspectives of people who use opioids and emergency services staff
Authors: Sampson Fiona C , Hughes Jane , Long Jaqui , Buykx Penny , Goodacre Stephen W , Snooks Helen , Edwards Adrian , Evans Bridie , Jones Jenna , Moore Chris , Johnston Sasha 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective Distribution of take-home naloxone (THN) by emergency services may increase access to THN and reduce deaths and morbidity from opioid overdose. As part of a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of distribution of THN kits and education within ambulance services and Emergency Departments (EDs), we used qualitative methods to explore key stakeholders’ perceptions of feasibility and acceptability of delivering the trial.Methods: We undertook semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 26 people who use opioids and with 20 paramedics and ED staff from two intervention sites between 2019 and 2021. Interviews and focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using Framework Analysis.Results People using opioids reported high awareness of overdose management, including personal experience of THN use. Staff perceived emergency service provision of THN as a low-cost, low-risk intervention with potential to reduce mortality, morbidity and health service use. Staff understood the trial aims and considered it compatible with their work. All participants supported widening access to THN but reported limited trial recruitment opportunities partly due to difficulties in consenting patients during overdose. Procedural problems, restrictive recruitment protocols, limited staff buy-in and patients already owning THN limited trial recruitment. Determining trial effectiveness was challenging due to high levels of alternative community provision of THN.Conclusions Distribution of THN in emergency settings was considered feasible and acceptable for stakeholders but an RCT to establish the effectiveness of THN delivery is unlikely to generate further useful evidence due to difficulties in recruiting patients and assessing benefits.
Cloud-based application for generate spatial and statistical data about environmental fragility and land cover
Authors: Vianna Luiz Fernando Novaes , Zambonim Fábio Martinho 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mainly occurring in tropical forests, deforestation is a worldwide environmental threat, particularly considering associated factors of climate change and loss of biodiversity. The Brazilian MapBiomas project developed a free and open-source platform to monitor Brazilian land cover changes since 1985. To increase its analytic power with respect to land cover changes, we developed an Environmental Fragility Mapping System (EFMS), using Google Earth Engine (GEE). Environmental fragility (EF) analysis has its origins in ecodynamics, and it is composed of potential environmental fragility (PEF) and emergent environmental fragility (EEF), arising from the effects of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes on PEF. The main advantage of EF analysis over LULC analysis is its flexibility in evaluating multiple scenarios for different aspects of environmental challenges. In EFMS, we calculate three environmental fragility indexes: (i) potential fragility index (PFI), (ii) land cover fragility index (LCFI), and (iii) emergent fragility index (EFI). Combined with LULC change analysis from the MapBiomas Project, EFMS can provide spatial analysis and generate maps and data for environmental management.
Reliable callus-induced plantlet regeneration from leaf explants of Lagerstroemia speciosa and genetic fidelity assessment through ISSR markers
Authors: Wu Bin , Zhang Nicholas S , Dixon Benjamin , Sierra Ivan , Kan Sofya , Layton Alanna , Gu Mengmeng , Pooler Margaret R , Duan Hui , Qin Hongmin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia sp.) is the top-selling flowering tree in the U.S. However, threats from arthropod pests, including the recently emerged crapemyrtle bark scale (CMBS; Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae), severely jeopardize the aesthetic and production attributes of crapemyrtle. A tropical species, L. speciosa (L.) Pers. (“Queen's Crapemyrtle”) exhibits partial resistance to CMBS and other pests, but conventional breeding to incorporate the characteristics of L. speciosa into existing hybrids remains challenging. Recognizing the potential of tissue culture in facilitating molecular breeding, but also the possibility of undesirable somaclonal variations from in-vitro organogenesis, we utilized leaf explants of L. speciosa to develop a callus-induced regeneration protocol and assessed genetic fidelity of regenerated plantlets using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Using woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L 6-BA achieved 97.9% callus induction. Shifting the growth regulators to 10.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA resulted in 32.4% of callus explants differentiating into adventitious buds. Finally, nodal segment proliferation (94.6%) and new shoot growth was maximized by using WPM supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.02 mg/L NAA. Explants rooted 100% using half-strength WPM supplemented with 0.2 mg/L IBA, and acclimatization survival was 98.3%. The ISSR primer analysis revealed 98.7% monomorphic markers, confirming the genetic integrity of the regenerated plantlets. We describe a reliable callus-induced regeneration system for L. speciosa, which will facilitate future molecular breeding and biotechnology to enhance cold hardiness, pest resistance, and other desired traits in this important genus.
Effect analysis of lauromacrogol foam injection under ultrasonic guidance for pediatric superficial lymphatic malformation
Authors: Li Keyao , Zhou Bin , Huang Wenya , Luo Yongqi , Liu Jinqiao , Wei Zhu , Zhang Litao 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound guided lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy in the treatment of children’s superficial lymphatic malformation.
Methods Retrospectively analyzing 64 pediatric patients (36 male, 28 female), aged 3 months to 14 years, who underwent lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy with ultrasonic guidance for superficial lymphatic malformation at Hunan Children's Hospital from March 2018 to November 2022, the study grouped patients into 18 macrocystic, 40 microcystic, and 6 mixed types. Pre-sclerotherapy evaluations included local ultrasound, blood routine, liver and kidney function, and coagulation tests. The surface anesthetic lidocaine cream was applied 30 minutes prior, followed by ultrasound-guided lymphatic malformation area localization, cyst fluid extraction, and lauromacrogol foam injection (lauromacrogol: air = 1:3; single dose < 20 ml) to fill the cyst cavity, with retention of the lauromacrogol stock solution (< 2 ml). Assessing drug dispersion in the cyst cavity via ultrasound and confirming high-echo gas filling, the follow-up period ranged from 3 to 12 months, with evaluations on clinical manifestations, imaging data, treatment efficacy, and complications.
Results The children received treatment 2-6 times, with an average of 4 treatments per case. A total of thirty-three cases(51.56%) achieved complete remission, while twenty-eight(43.75%) cases showed significant improvement. Three cases failed to respond and subsequently underwent surgical resection. The overall efficacy rate was determined to be 95.31%. Early edema occurred in five cases, localized skin pigmentation in one case, thrombotic superficial vein inflammation in two cases, and transient cough in one case. None of the children experienced serious complications such as allergic reactions, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, skin necrosis or discoloration, chest tightness or other cardiopulmonary issues.
Conclusions The utilization of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy with lauromacrogol represents a secure and efficacious approach for managing lymphatic malformations in pediatric patients.
Anomalous optical resonance on supramolecularly chiral metaspheres with a swirl topology
Authors: Yamamoto Yohei , Oki Osamu , Lin Wenbo , Nakayama Sota , Yamagishi Hiroshi , Sasaki Fumio , Iwamoto Satoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The optics of topological structures have progressed, with the expectation of unprecedented spatiotemporal control of light. Micrometre-scale spheres with a mesoscopic molecular order, as represented by liquid crystalline (LC) droplets, occupy a unique position owing to the prominent appearance of a nontrivial topological surface. However, because of the lack of material rigidity, comprehensive studies on the optical impacts arising from topological spherical textures have not yet been achieved. Here, we show mechanically and optically robust chiral polymer microspheres with mesoscopic supramolecular swirl textures that display anomalous optical resonance behaviours. Spatially resolved hyperspectral camera imaging reveals that the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) on the metasphere surface are azimuthally anisotropic and localize along a diagonal path in an asymmetric manner. Reconstructed polarized fluorescence microscope images clearly visualize the swirl arrangement of polymers at the surface, which explains the azimuthally selective WGMs and their wavelength dependency. These findings expand two-dimensional metasurface studies to quasi-three-dimensional non-Euclidean planes and open up the possibility of anisotropic control of light and directional radiation of WGM lasers.
Real life data and outcome of FOLFIRINOX use in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients in general hospitals in the Netherlands
Authors: Haberkorn B. , Hoogendijk Lotte , Loosveld Olaf , Thijs A. M.J. , Verstijnen J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Pancreatic cancer is one of the five most common causes of cancer mortality in developed countries. In patients with metastatic disease, the most frequent treatment used is FOLFIRINOX, which is associated with moderate toxicity which could influence quality of life. The efficacy of FOLFIRINOX in a general population in the Netherlands hasn’t been subject of research before and therefore this research has been set up in order to investigate what the real-life benefits of FOLFIRINOX are in a population with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) treated in a general hospital in the Netherlands.
Methods
The data used in this study was collected by patient records leading to a noninterventional retrospective cohort study. Ninety-two patients, over 18 years of age, diagnosed with mPC between the years 2015 and 2022 and treated with FOLFIRINOX at Maasstad hospital in Rotterdam, Amphia hospital in Breda or Catharina hospital in Eindhoven were included in the study. Kaplan-Meier models were used in order to represent survival outcomes
Results
Results showed, a median overall survival of 228 days (IQR118-351) and a median progression-free survival of 122 days (IQR 72–209). Only 14.1% (n = 13) completed the full first-line treatment and 50% (n = 46) of patients stopped treatment before or during cycle 6. Toxicity is highest, grade 3, after the first cycle but remains high for grade 1 and 2 during all treatment cycles.
Conclusion
Survival rates for patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with FOLFIRINOX were worse in our study population than in comparative studies
Opportunities and barriers for promoting biodiversity in Danish beef production
Authors: Ejrnaes R. , Dalby L , Bladt J. , Søndergaard S. , Dümke L. , Fløjgaard C. , Bruun L. , Ejrnaes D. , Moeslund J. E. , Bruun H. H. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Despite being a key process in ecosystems, natural grazing is rare, whereas abandonment and overgrazing frequently results in loss of threatened species. Here, we evaluate a biodiversity-promotion strategy of a Danish beef producing company involving nature conservation by livestock grazing. Using field surveys, a national biodiversity map and interviews with livestock farmers, we evaluate the potential nature conservation by farmers committed to a conservation grazing scheme. We found that most farmers practiced summer-grazing, primarily grazed areas of low conservation value, and with stocking rates far above carrying capacity. We conclude that a conservation grazing beef brand will only have real value for threatened and habitat-typical species if committed and held accountable to a scientifically informed grazing scheme. Our results point to agricultural traditions, regulations, and economic incentives as responsible for the observed obstruction of a beneficial natural grazing practice. Hence, the results of this study call for a critical and scientifically informed approach to future land-sharing policies.
Global research trends on temperature management in critical ill: a visualization analysis
Authors: Meng Chang , Wang Shufang , Bai Ying , Sun Jing , Chen Lijuan , Li Jie , Miao Guobin , Liu Peng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Temperature management has been shown to be important in different diseases, and our study analyzes the research trends and future directions of temperature management in critically ill patients.
Methods
Literatures in our study were searched from the Web of Science core collection database (WoSCC), timeline was confined from the earliest time of the database to the latest time of literature search (October 22, 2023). R-studio and Citespace were used to perform the visualization analysis.
Results
A total of 529 publications from the WoSCC were analyzed. According to our research, there has been a rapid increase in publications since 2013. The largest number of articles produced by corresponding authors in the United States is as high as 161. Resuscitation had the highest number of publications among journals worldwide, with 23 publications representing 4.59% of all publications. Most of the keywords were related to cardiac arrest, critical care, hypothermia, targeted temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia. Latest burst words are neuron specific enolase, prognostication, septic shock and ambient temperature. This suggests that there may be more groundbreaking reports in these directions.
Conclusions
Temperature management is crucial in the clinical treatment of critically ill patients. Future studies should analyze more aspects of specific implementation in different diseases that can be controlled by temperature management target temperature, treatment timing, induction mode, induction speed, duration, rewarming mode and speed.
Assessment of causal associations among gut microbes,plasma metabolites and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Du Wei , Wu Xiao wei , Wu Jing , Zhang Bing yu , Chen Liang sheng , Yi Xue 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
BACKGROUND: A collection of interstitial lung disorders, particularly in elderly individuals, with an uncertain cause is known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A growing body of research indicates that the causes of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may include the multifaceted interaction of gut microbes and plasma metabolites. However,uncertainty exists regarding the causative link between idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, plasma metabolites, and gut microbes.
METHODS:Based on GWAS database,two-sample MR analysis was used to identify gut microbes and plasma metabolites that influence the risk of developing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Sensitivity analysis was used in order to assess the robustness of the results. At last, reverse MR was employed to explore reverse causation.
RESULTS:The development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis may be influenced genetically by nine different gut microbes (family.Bacteroidaceae, genus.Bacteroides, genus.Senegalimassilia, etc.) and thirteen different plasma metabolites (glucose, 2-aminobutyrat, aspartylphenylalanine, etc.). Additionally, changes in 10 plasma metabolites and 9 gut microbes may result from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSION:We have established a causal association between gut microbes, plasma metabolites, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis for the first time with this research. Our research contributes to advancing both clinical therapies and public health strategies that will effectively reduce the incidence and social burden of IPF.
The genus Termitomyces: Outline, phylogeny, and divergence times estimation with description of a new edible species from Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Hussain Shah , Al-Kharousi Moza , Al-Owaisi Arwa A. , Al-Maqbali Dua'a , Al-Muharabi Marwa A. , Al-Shabibi Zahra , Al-Balushi Abdullah H. , Saady Nadiya Al , Velazhahan Rethinasamy , Rashan Loay , Al-Sadi Abdullah M. , Al-Yahya'ei Mohamed N. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

The termite cultivated mushroom genus Termitomyces belongs to the family Lyophyllaceae (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). In this study, we presented a phylogeny of Termitomyces based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α). The ancestral age of Termitomyces was estimated around 23 million years. Molecular clock analyses also indicate the presence of two clades, each clade with approximate stem age of 18 million years. We think that these clades can be treated for the infrageneric classification of Termitomyces. Furthermore, we also described a new species in the genus, Termitomyces dhofarensis from Dhofar region, located in southern Oman. The new species is edible. Local people collect it for generations for food and even trade it in the local markets. The species is described here based on a combination of morphological features of basidiomata and multigene phylogenetic analyses. The divergence time is estimated to be around 1.2 million years for Termitomyces dhofarensis. This is the first report of the genus from Arabian Peninsula.
The Value of Adjunctive Left Atrial Posterior Wall Isolation on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Lianfeng , Geng Yu , Liu Yuanwei , Lv Tingting , Zhang Ping 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Although pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The left atrium posterior wall is an arrhythmogenic substrate that contributes to the development of AF. It remains unclear whether additional left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI) beyond PVI is beneficial in AF patients. This study evaluated the impact of PWI on clinical outcomes of AF patients.
Methods
PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies comparing the outcomes of AF with and without PWI. The efficacy outcomes were recurrence of all atrial arrhythmia (AA), atrial fibrillation (AF), and atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT). The safety outcomes were mainly focused on procedural adverse events.
Results
A total of 16 studies (7 RCTs, 3 prospective study and 6 retrospective analysis) with 3340 patients with AF were included (1550 patients in PVI with PWI group and 1790 in PVI alone group). 12 studies included persistent atrial fibrillation patients, 3 studies with paroxysmal AF patients and 1 study with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF concurrently. Mean follow-up was 16.56months. In AF patients, adjunctive PWI obviously reduced the recurrence of all atrial arrhythmias (RR 0.78 [95% CI 0.64–0.95], I²=79%, P=0.01) and the recurrence of AF (RR 0.68 [95% CI 0.53–0.88], I²=75%, P=0.004); Meanwhile, adjunctive PWI was not associated with substantially lower recurrence of atrial flutter (AFL)/atrial tachycardia (AT) (RR 1.23 [95% CI 0.94–1.60], I²=49%, P=0.12) .The incidence of procedural adverse events between the PVI only and PWI+PVI was similar (RR 1.19 [95% CI 0.80–1.79], I²=0%, P=0.39). In subgroup analyses, the benefit of adjunctive PWI compared with PVI only was more significant in persistent AF group and cryoballoon ablation group. Notably, adjunctive PWI with radiofrequency ablation may induce a slight increase of recurrent AFL/AT compared with PVI only (RR 1.56 [95% CI 1.02–2.39], I²=30%, P=0.04).
Conclusions
In patients with AF, adjunctive PWI was associated with decreased recurrence of AF and atrial arrhythmias compared with PVI alone without an increased risk of procedural adverse events, especially in persistent AF patients. Cryoballoon ablation seemed more suitable for PWI compared with radiofrequency ablation. More RCTs are needed to verify the conclusion.
Gastric microecology changes in sepsis patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a report of 2 cases and literature review
Authors: Fu Fangjie , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhengying , Ji Peng , Zhang Zhongwei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Sepsis, characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from an uncontrolled response to infection, can impact various systems of the body, including the digestive system. Prior research has identified sepsis as a significant risk factor for gastrointestinal bleeding. However, there is limited reporting on the gastric microecology of individuals with sepsis complicated by gastrointestinal bleeding. This paper presents the cases of two patients, shedding light on this issue. The first case was a 29-year-old female who developed sepsis during perioperative liver transplantation, while the second case features a 34-year-old female with acute pancreatitis complicated by septic shock. Both patients underwent gastroscopy following gastrointestinal bleeding, revealing evident gastric mucosal injuries. Notably, the second patient exhibited suppurative gastritis. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of gastric juice from these two patients unveiled microecological alterations in the stomach. The sequencing results indicated a substantial presence of pathogenic sequences, underscoring the role of direct gastric mucosal injury due to infection as a significant contributor to gastrointestinal bleeding. This study not only introduces a novel approach to pinpoint the causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in sepsis but also provides valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.