bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Relationship between Character Structures and Mental Toughness of High School and University Students Doing Fencing Sports
Authors: BACAK İbrahim , YILDIZ Ozer 
Published: December 2023

The aim of the research is to examine the relationship between character structures and mental toughness of high school and university students doing fencing sports. Survey model, one of the quantitative research methods, has been used in the study. The sample of the research consisted of 286 active licensed fencing athletes who have competing in the classifications of the Turkish Fencing Federation and studying at high schools and university. As a data collection tool in the study Personal Information Form, Sport Character Scale (SCS) Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) has been used. In the data analysis, independent group t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey HSD multiple comparison test, Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient test have been applied.
As a result of the research; average of sports character scores of high school and university athletes; gender, age, education level, branch and nationality status variables have found to be significantly different. It has been specified that there wasn’t significant difference in the fencing experience period variable. Mental toughness score averages in sports; gender, age, education level, branch, fencing experience period, nationality status have found to be significantly different. It has been determined that there is a low and moderate positive and significant relationship in some sub-dimensions of the Sports Character Scale and Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire.
Ringing in the New Year: Telephone Evaluation and Management Services in 2024
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2023

This article reviews reporting of telephone evaluation and management (E/M) services provided on and after January 1, 2024, including the following:
Telephone E/M codes Brief communication technology-based service codes Modifiers and place of service (POS) codes Anticipation of coding simplification
Coding Review: Care of the Newborn During the Birth Admission
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: December 2023

Care of the newborn during the birth admission may be reported with a range of procedure codes. This article reviews the following:
Care of the normal newborn Care of the sick newborn Consultations
This article also includes examples of reporting care of the normal newborn and care of the ill newborn who does not require intensive or critical care services.
University students’ physical features- reasons, consequences, solutions
Authors: Pop Cristiana Lucretia , Popescu Viorela , Ciomag Rela , Filip Cristina , Nae Cristina 
Published: December 2023

Background and Study Aim. Despite the growing concern about sedentary behaviors among the youth, there has been limited focus on understanding their impact. These behaviors significantly affect students' physical potential, productivity, and overall health. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sedentary lifestyles on students and to assess their awareness and attitudes towards these behaviors. Material and Methods. A mixed method of investigation was applied, combining preliminary quantitative research with a qualitative analysis of results. A total of 247 students were measured and tested: 122 males and 125 females, with an average age of 19.3±0.7. The anthropometric parameter focused on was body mass index. The physical test applied was the standing long jump. Students' responses from narrative essays were the basis of the qualitative analysis. The quantitative data collected through measurements and physical tests were directly compared to standards. Results. It was found that 24.5% of young men are overweight or obese. The performance of women in physical tests was lower than average, bordering on poor. Students provided their insights on these findings. Their narrative essays were qualitatively analyzed and synthesized, focusing on the reasons, consequences, and potential solutions related to this issue. Conclusions. This study adds evidence to the limited literature investigating university students' attitudes, opinions, and contexts that contribute to a decrease in their physical potential. The current generation of university students is unmotivated to consistently devote time and energy to physical activities. The comments and insights from students have provided potentially beneficial information for decision-makers in the domains of health education, overweight prevention, and physical activity promotion.
Pembentukan Karakter Toleransi pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Pembelajaran yang Bervariatif
Authors: Aditya Farninda , Widiatmaka Pipit , Rahnang Rahnang , Purwoko Arief Adi 
Published: December 2023

Era digital memiliki dampak positif dan negatif pada anak usia dini, namun yang sering terlihat ialah dampak negatifnya, mengingat sering menonton sikap intolerasni dari video (Youtube), sehingga hal tersebut berimplikasi pada sikap dan karakter yang selalu membeda-bedakan teman berdasarkan agama, jenis kelamin, ras, kemudian melakukan bullying dan lain-lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui makna karakter toleransi dalam bingkai ke-Indonesia-an dan mengetahui strategi pembentukan karakter toleransi pada anak usia dini melalui metode pembelajaran yang bervariatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan memanfaatkan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter toleransi sangat dibutuhkan di Indonesia mengingat masyarakatnya majemuk, sehingga di dalam menjaga dan merawat persatuan dan kesatuan yaitu dengan karakter toleransi. Karakter toleransi dapat dibentukmelalui berbagai metode pembelajaran dan harus bervariatif, namun kunci utama dalam membentuk karakter tersebut adalah adanya kerja sama atau sinergi antar orang tua dengan guru di pendidikan formal.
Bermain Lempar Tangkap Bola Terhadap Koordinasi Mata dan Tangan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Nurdiansah Nano , Kurnia Aam , Mawaddah Arini Ulfah 
Published: December 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kemampuan bermain lempar tangkap bola, proses bermain lempar tangkap bola terhadap koordinasi mata dan tangan, serta seberapa besar pengaruh kegiatan tersebut terhadap koordinasi mata dan tangan anak kelompok B di RA Sekolah Alam Gaharu. Dasar pemikiran penelitian, melatih dan mengembangkan otot-otot dan bagian tubuh anak yang berefek pada kesehatan dan kebugaran, di mana perkembangan signifikan adalah perkembangan fisik. Permainan melempar bola salah satu permainan yang dapat mengembangkan fisik terutama aspek motorik kasar anak. Metode penelitian menggunakan pre-experimental dengan desain one group pretest-posttest. Subjek penelitian adalah anak kelompok B RA Sekolah Alam Gaharu sebanyak 15 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil menunjukkan keterampilan lempar tangkap bola terhadap koordinasi mata dan tangan anak dengan nilai rata-rata pretest sebesar 47 kategori “kurang” dan posttest sebesar 75 kategori “baik”. Hasil hipotesis menunjukkan nilai Thitung = 11.78 > Ttabel = 1.76 taraf signifikansi 5%. Kesimpulannya terdapat pengaruh bermain lempar tangkap bola terhadap koordinasi mata dan tangan anak kelompok B di RA Sekolah Alam Gaharu.
The Development of a Reflective Language Learning Model: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Asshabi Salman , Rashtchi Mojgan , Siyyari Massood 
Published: December 2023

Background: Several language learning theories exist to explain the language learning process. Reflective learning is one of the models that has received attention and has been employed to explain language learning and teaching.
Purpose: The present study aimed to develop and validate a close-ended reflective language learning instrument to discover EFL learners’ reflective learning strategies while learning a language.
Method: Based on a comprehensive literature review, 358 concepts were extracted for reflective language learning. Then, experts’ opinions on reflective language learning were gathered, leading to the extraction of 50 general themes. After the experts’ approval, the researchers transformed the concepts into statements and constructed the final version of the questionnaire. In the next step, the initial version of the questionnaire was piloted with 100 participants, reducing the number of items to 47. Then, the piloted instrument was administered to a sample of 398 students. The obtained data were entered into SPSS and LISERL for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to run an explanatory factor analysis. Varimax rotation was performed on the underlying construct of the 47-item questionnaire. The result was the removal of four items and forming a 43-item questionnaire. A six-factor model of second language learning encompassing twelve behavioral cognitive items, twelve behavioral evaluative items, six behavioral metacognitive items, six behavioral interactional items, four behavioral reflective journal items, and three behavioral retrospective items was obtained. Then, the researchers performed confirmatory factor analysis to verify the six factors. Finally, a reflective language learning model was developed.
Results: The results showed that the newly developed Reflective Language Learning Questionnaire (RLLQ) was valid and reliable. The model formulated based on the data gathered from the administration of RLLQ also enjoyed acceptable fitness indices.
Conclusion: The questionnaire could be used in future studies. Researchers interested in reflective language learning, language teachers intending to follow reflective practices in their classes, and syllabus designers believing that reflection promotes learning can employ RLLQ.
Lingua-Cultural Identity in Translation: 'We' vs 'I' Cultures
Authors: Ponton Douglas , Ozyumenko Vladimir , Larina Tatiana 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The influence of culture on translation has been a prominent feature of translation studies in recent decades. The place of cultural knowledge in the formation and development of a translator’s cultural competence, however, remains debatable. This paper argues that, in addition to general knowledge of a target culture (history, geography, literature, traditions, artefacts, etc.), it is crucial to be aware of the most important components of its deep culture, i.e., its social organization and worldview, which in turn have a major impact on identity. The study further develops the notion of I-culture vs We-culture and their respective identities. We suggest that an awareness of such cultural factors should form part of translators’ essential knowledge about language and their professional training.
Purpose: The study aims to reveal linguistic and discursive manifestations of lingua-cultural identity in translating a Russian text into English. We explore nuances in the use of the pronouns we, our vs. I, my as well as some other markers of we-identity vs I-identity in the original Russian text of Vladimir Putin’s speech at the Valday discussion club meeting (2021), and how these were translated into English in the translation text.
Method: Selection of a text containing sufficient examples; close reading to identify lexico-grammatical features; comparison of source text and translation; analysis of examples; drawing conclusions. The texts were subjected to contrastive lexico-grammatical, pragmatic, and discourse analysis. Sociolinguistic and cultural studies were used to interpret the results.
Results: The findings suggest that a Russian text could express a more collective mindset than its English translation, which shows traces of what may appear a more personal/subjective focus. The study highlights the role of deep culture in discursive practices and demonstrates the relevance and effectiveness of an interdisciplinary approach to translation studies.
Conclusion: The study confirms the fact that manifestation of lingua-cultural identity can be observed at all levels of language, as well as in communicative strategies, and discursive practices. The task of how to accurately render these nuances in translation is a taxing one that requires a comprehensive understanding of the role of deep culture in discursive practices.
Academic Integrity: Author-Related and Journal-Related Issues
Authors: Raitskaya Lilia , Tikhonova Elena 
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Author-related and journal-related metrics have long been the target for manipulations on part of some researchers, journals, and occasionally countries, eager to rank higher or get other benefits. Games played with metrics are abundant and may be triggered by rigid “publish-or-perish” national or university policies and consequent pursuit for benefits. In addition, new technologies make headway to unprecedented schemes in research production and promotion. The JLE Editors aim to inform JLE readers of their stance on the current revision of the JLE ethical guidelines for authors, editors, and reviewers in response to the new challenges.
Basic Concepts Related to Academic Integrity: The key concepts related to academic integrity are commented on, including some particulars about academic integrity, plagiarism, academic misconduct, fabrication and falsification of data, peer review manipulations, citation manipulations, and predatory journals.
Revisions in the JLE Editorial Policy on Authorship: With the ChatGPT entering the realm of science, the technology caused a heated debate over the ethical aspects of Artificial Intellect (AI) generated submissions to scholarly journals. The JLE editors share a rather popular stance that submissions cannot be subject to ChatGPT generation or revision.
Conclusion: The JLE has been revising its ethical guidelines as of authorship, including the limits for ChatGPT uses in submissions. The JLE editors apprise all stakeholders of the revised guidelines that cover the use of generative pre-trained transformers in submission generation.
Organising Rhetorical Components in Verbal Presentation of Scientific Research Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Ivanova Marina , Mekeko Nataliya , Arupova Nadezhda 
Published: December 2023

Background: The rhetorical structure of various genres of written scientific communication has been extensively covered in articles by contemporary researchers from different countries. However, the rhetorical structure of oral scientific presentations accompanying the presentation and defence of graduation theses, scientific research, and others has not received the same level of detailed study and attention. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of presenting conducted research significantly influences the degree and depth of its further acceptance by the readership.
Purpose: to summarise the literature on the rhetorical structure of verbal presentation of scientific research results accompanied by a presentation.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a search of the Scopus bibliographic databases on March 2nd, 2023, and carried out a related grey literature search on March 27th, 2023. We screened the titles and abstracts of the retrieved records. From these records, we extracted demographic characteristics related to the rhetorical structure of oral presentations representing scientific research results. Following this, we extracted passages from empirical studies that described empirically derived moves and steps in speeches during oral presentations. These moves and steps were summarised and presented in the form of a universal matrix for the oral presentation of scientific research results.
Results: In the result of the search request 63 articles were found. Having screened all the papers we revealed that only 11 of them met our predetermined inclusion criteria. All these papers were journal research articles. It is worth stating that the majority of the studies were dedicated to rhetorical structure in written presentation of scientific research outcomes and there is a lack of papers related to moves and steps of verbal presentation of scientific research outcomes.
Conclusion: This systematic scoping review identified the moves and steps highlighted by authors in the reviewed articles within the oral speech accompanying the presentation of scientific research results to an audience. This matrix can be used to construct a more effective oral presentation of scientific research outcomes. Limitations of the work include the restriction to English language articles and the fact that the methodological quality of the articles included in our extraction was not assessed.
Menekan Oksidasi Sosis Daging Sapi yang Disimpan pada Suhu Ruang dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.)
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Amrullah Amir Husaini Karim , Harahap Ahmad Saleh 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan ekstrak daun senduduk sebagai antioksidan sosis daging sapi selama penyimpanan suhu ruang. Sebanyak 40 g bubuk daun senduduk dimaserasi dalam air destilata (1:4; b/v) selama 24 jam pada suhu kamar, disaring, kemudian di-freeze dry. Lima perlakuan diaplikasikan, yaitu kontrol yang mengandung daging sapi, minyak nabati, susu skim bubuk, tepung tapioka, garam, fosfat, es, dan bumbu-bumbu (P1); formula kontrol ditambah dengan butylated hydroxytoluene 0,01% (P2), formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 0,5% (P3), formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 0,75% (P4), dan formula kontrol ditambah ekstrak daun senduduk 1% (P5). Variabel yang diamati adalah susut masak, daya mengikat air, aktivitas antioksidan, nilai Tio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun senduduk menurunkan susut masak sosis dan tanpa memengaruhi karakteristik daya mengikat air. Penambahan ekstrak daun senduduk mampu meningkatkan daya hambat terhadap radikal bebas dan kapasitas antioksidan serta menekan nilai TBARS. Selama penyimpanan suhu pada ruang hingga 10 jam, aktivitas antioksidan mengalami penurunan tetapi tidak memengaruhi nilai TBARS. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah penggunaan ekstrak daun senduduk hingga 1% dari berat daging dapat menekan oksidasi yang setara dengan butylated hydroxytoluene 0,01% pada sosis selama penyimpanan suhu ruang 10 jam. (Reducing oxidation in beef sausage during room temperature storage by adding senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) leaf extract) ABSTRAK. This study aimed to evaluate the use of senduduk leaf extracts as an antioxidant beef sausage during room temperature storage. A-40 g powder was macerated with distilled water (1:4; w/v) for 24 h at room temperature, filtered, and then was freeze-dried. Five treatments were employed including control containing beef, vegetable oil, skimmed milk powder, tapioca, salt, phosphate, ice, and seasons (P1); control added butylated hydroxytoluene 0.01% (P2); senduduk leaf extract 0.5% (P3); senduduk leaf extract 0.75% (P4); and senduduk leaf extract 1% (P5). Variables observed were cooking loss, water holding capacity, antioxidant activity, and Tio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed the addition of senduduk leaf extract could decrease the cooking loss without any effect on the water-holding capacity of the sausages. The addition of senduduk leaf extract increase the scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity and reduced TBARS value of the sausages. During storage, the antioxidant activity of the sausages diminished with no affect the TBARS value. It could be concluded that the addition of senduduk leaf extract 1% could retard lipids oxidation of the sausage and the capability was equal to butylated hydroxytoluene 0.01 during 10 hours of storage.
Kualitas Telur Ayam Ras Petelur Cokelat (Hibrida) Isa Brown yang Dipelihara di Kandang Closed House dan Open House
Authors: Rastina Rastina , Azhari Azhari , Ferasyi T. Reza , Iskandar Cut Dahlia , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Muttaqien Muttaqien , Sukma Yoana , Ayuti Siti Rani 
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT. Kualitas telur sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem pemeliharaan, ayam petelur dapat dipelihara dengan perkandangan closed house dan open house. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) yang dipelihara di kandang closed house dan open house. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 160 butir telur yang terdiri dari kandang closed house dan open house, telur yang digunakan berumur 5 hari. Parameter yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah berat telur, kantung udara, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh pada berat telur pada kandang closed house adalah 66,42 ± 4,006 dan kandang open house 66,04 ± 3,669, kantung udara pada telur closed house adalah 0,52 ± 0,093 cm dan kandang open house adalah 0,56 ± 0,078 cm, indeks kuning telur pada kandang closed house adalah 0,45 ± 0,038 dan kandang open house adalah 0,40 ± 0,044, haugh unit telur pada kandang closed house adalah 85,72 ± 8,889 dan kandang open house adalah 76,17 ± 8,664. Dari hasil uji t-independent bahwa kualitas telur pada kandang closed house dan open house yang terdiri dari berat telur, kantung udara, indeks kuning telur dan haugh unit menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata pada taraf (α) 0,05. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya perbedaan kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) isa brown yang dipelihara di kandang closed house dengan kualitas telur ayam ras petelur cokelat (hibrida) isa brown yang dipelihara di kandang open house. (Quality of eggs brown layings hens (hybrid) reared in closed house and open house) ABSTRAK. The quality of eggs is greatly influenced by the maintenance system, laying hens can be raised with closed house and open house. This study aimed to determine the differences in the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in closed house and open house cages. The sample used was 160 eggs kept in closed house cages and open house, Used eggs used were 5 days old. The parameters examined in this study were egg weight, air bag, yolk index and haugh unit. The results obtained from the weight of eggs in Closed House cages were 66,42 ± 4,006 and the Open House was 66,04 ± 3,669 the air sacs of eggs reared in Closed House were 0.52 ± 0.093 cm and the Open House is 0.56 ± 0.078 cm, the egg yolk index in the Closed House is 0.45 ± 0.038 and the Open House is 0,40 ± 0.044, Haugh unit of eggs reared in Closed House were 85,72 ± 8,889 and Open House were 76.17 ± 8,664. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in closed house cages with the quality of eggs of brown laying hens (hybrids) raised in Open House cages.