bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of external and internal mass transfer limitation in nitrifying microbial aggregates
Authors: Wilén Britt‐Marie , Gapes Daniel , Keller Jürg 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this article we present a study of the effects of external and internal mass transfer limitation of oxygen in a nitrifying system. The oxygen uptake rates (OUR) were measured on both a macro‐scale with a respirometric reactor using off‐gas analysis (Titrimetric and Off‐Gas Analysis (TOGA) sensor) and on a micro‐scale with microsensors. These two methods provide independent, accurate measurements of the reaction rates and concentration profiles around and in the granules. The TOGA sensor and microsensor measurements showed a significant external mass transfer effect at low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in the bulk liquid while it was insignificant at higher DO concentrations. The oxygen distribution with anaerobic or anoxic conditions in the center clearly shows major mass transfer limitation in the aggregate interior. The large drop in DO concentration of 22–80% between the bulk liquid and aggregate surface demonstrates that the external mass transfer resistance is also highly important. The maximum OUR even for floccular biomass was only attained at much higher DO concentrations (≈8 mg/L) than typically used in such systems. For granules, the DO required for maximal activity was estimated to be >20 mg/L, clearly indicating the effects of the major external and internal mass transfer limitations on the overall biomass activity. Smaller aggregates had a larger volumetric OUR indicating that the granules may have a lower activity in the interior part of the aggregate. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly selective membranes in protein ultrafiltration
Authors: Feins Meredith , Sirkar Kamalesh K. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA new ultrafiltration technique based on a multimembrane stack has been developed to fractionate solutes closer in size than conventionally possible. The technique is illustrated here by obtaining a pure protein product from a binary protein mixture. By employing membranes in series without any gaskets or spacers in‐between, ultrafiltration is carried out to separate two proteins relatively close in molecular weight or size. Flat YM30 regenerated cellulose membranes, all of the same molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) 30,000, are stacked together in the desired number, and ultrafiltration takes place. The membrane rejection of a protein is amplified with each additional membrane, ultimately resulting in a completely rejected species. Complete purification of the more permeable protein may be achieved regardless of the physicochemical condition that may be optimal or suboptimal for selective separation by a single membrane. Two systems, myoglobin and β‐lactoglobulin, as well as myoglobin and α‐lactalbumin were studied, under various operating conditions. The solvent flux reduction encountered when each membrane is added may also be avoided, by operating at increased pressure, while still achieving the desired purification. Cleaning in situ is achievable with reproducible experimental results before and after on‐line cleaning. The results clearly demonstrate that multimembrane stacks can be used for fractionation of proteins that are quite close in molecular weight/size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Encapsulation of crosslinked penicillin G acylase aggregates in lentikats: Evaluation of a novel biocatalyst in organic media
Authors: Wilson Lorena , Illanes Andrés , Pessela Benevides C. C. , Abian Olga , Fernández‐Lafuente Roberto , Guisán José M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe encapsulation of crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) of penicillin G acylase into a very rigid polymeric matrix based on polyvinyl alcohol (LentiKats) has been used successfully to improve the inadequate mechanical properties of CLEA. This encapsulation decreased CLEA activity by only around 40%. As compensation, a significant improvement in the stability of the CLEA in the presence of organic solvents was detected. This could be related to the highly hydrophilic environment inside the LentiKats biocatalysts: Partition experiments showed that the concentration of dioxane inside LentiKats was lower than in the reaction medium. In fact, thermal stability was about the same as in the corresponding CLEA. This permitted great improvement in the reaction rate for thermodynamically controlled synthesis of a model antibiotic (using phenylacetic acid and 7‐amino‐deacetoxycefalosporanic acid). Even more importantly, yields could be improved by using LentiKats‐encapsulated CLEA, very likely by a favorable product/substrate partition. Thus, this very simple technique not only provides an efficient technique for solving the mechanical stability problem associated with CLEA, but also greatly improves the behavior of CLEA in organic media. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of an educational programme designed to improve nurses' assessment and recording of postoperative pain
Authors: Ravaud P , Keïta H , Porcher R , Durand-Stocco C , Desmonts J M , Mantz J 
Published: April 2004

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of an intervention designed to improve postoperative pain assessment and recording by nurses.

Methods
This cluster randomized clinical trial included two intervals of 3 months each: a preintervention observational study (period 1) followed by a period of intervention (period 2). Six surgical wards were randomly assigned to receive either an experimental intervention, including educational seminars for nurses on pain, pain assessment and the use of a visual analogue scale (n = 3), or standard care (control group; n = 3). The main outcome measures were the percentage of patients in whom pain was assessed, number of pain assessments per patient and postoperative pain intensity scores.

Results
A total of 2278 patients were included. Significant improvements were found in the percentage of patients in whom pain was assessed and the number of daily pain assessments per patient in the intervention group between periods 1 and 2. In contrast, these outcomes were unchanged between the two intervals in wards randomized to standard care. During period 2, pain scores at 48 h were significantly decreased in the intervention wards compared with those in the control group.

Conclusion
An educational programme dedicated to nurses strongly increased the use of regular pain assessment, and may have contributed to a modest improvement in postoperative analgesia.
Posterior laparostomy through the bed of the 12th rib to drain retroperitoneal infection after endoscopic sphincterotomy
Authors: Doglietto G B , Pacelli F , Caprino P , Alfieri S , Tortorelli A P , Mutignani M 
Published: April 2004

Abstract

Background
Duodenal perforation occurs in 0·4–1 per cent of endoscopic procedures. The best therapeutic approach for periampullary injury is controversial; initially the treatment is generally conservative, but sometimes large retroperitoneal infections develop that require surgery.

Methods
Six patients with an extensive retroperitoneal collection and unstable sepsis as a consequence of periampullary duodenal perforation sustained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were treated by right posterior laparostomy through the bed of the 12th rib.

Results
The sepsis was managed effectively by an open posterior approach, resulting in spontaneous closure of the duodenal leak after a mean(s.d.) of 14·5(5·2) days. No hospital death or major complication was recorded. Late incisional hernia developed in one patient.

Conclusion
The technique of posterior laparostomy through the bed of the 12th rib provided adequate debridement and drainage of upper and lower parts of the retroperitoneal space involved by infection following periampullary duodenal perforation. Good control of retroperitoneal sepsis and duodenal secretions resulted in spontaneous closure of the duodenal leak, avoiding the need for more complex intra-abdominal procedures.
Late stent thrombosis (> 1 year) following clopidogrel withdrawal after brachytherapy treatment: Need to assess aspirin resistance?
Authors: Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Angiolillo Dominick J. , Bernardo Esther , Sabaté Manel 
Published: April 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient presenting with late thrombosis of a stent 15 months after being treated with intracoronary brachytherapy. It occurred 17 days after clopidogrel withdrawal while maintaining treatment with aspirin. At the time of stent thrombosis, evaluation of platelet aggregation was performed, revealing a suboptimal response to aspirin. Pathophysiological insights of aspirin resistance and clinical implications are reviewed. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:39–42. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myocardial resistance assessed by guidewire‐based pressure‐temperature measurement: In vitro validation
Authors: Aarnoudse Wilbert , van den Berg Petra , van de Vosse Frans , Geven Maartje , Rutten Marcel , van Turnhout Mark , Fearon William , De Bruyne Bernard , Pijls Nico 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBy injecting a few cubic centimeters of saline into the coronary artery and using thermodilution principles, mean transit time (Tmn) of the injectate can be calculated and is inversely proportional to coronary blood flow. Because microvascular resistance equals distal coronary pressure (Pd) divided by myocardial flow, the product Pd · Tmn provides an index of myocardial resistance (IMR). In this in vitro study in a physiologic model of the coronary circulation, we compared IMR to true myocardial resistance (TMR) at different degrees of myocardial resistance and at different degrees of epicardial stenosis. Absolute blood flow was varied from 42 to 203 ml/min and TMR varied from 0.39 to 1.63 dynes · sec/cm5. Inverse mean transit time correlated well to absolute blood flow (R2 = 0.93). Furthermore, an excellent correlation was found between IMR and TMR (R2 = 0.94). IMR was independent on the severity of epicardial stenosis and thus specific for myocardial resistance. Thus, using one single guidewire, both fractional flow reserve and IMR can be measured simultaneously as indexes of epicardial and microvascular disease, respectively, enabling separate assessment of both coronary arterial and microvascular disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004; 62:56–63. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endovascular repair of a giant carotid pseudoaneurysm with the use of Viabahn stent graft
Authors: Gupta Kamal , Dougherty Kathy , Hermman Heinz , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA 72‐year‐old woman presented with a large pulsatile anterior right neck mass with compressive symptoms of dysphagia and hoarseness. This was due to a large (6 cm by 4 cm) postcarotid endarterectomy pseudoaneurysm of the right common carotid artery. Successful endovascular exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm was performed with a Viabahn stent graft with significant decrease in the size on follow‐up. Other endovascular options such as coil embolization and thrombin injection are also discussed. It is important to exclude infection as the cause of postendarterectomy pseudoaneurysm before considering endovascular repair over surgical repair. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:64–68. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The NUGGET study: NIR ultra gold‐gilded equivalency trial
Authors: Reifart Nicolaus , Morice Marie‐Claude , Silber Sigmund , Benit Edouard , Hauptmann K.E. , de Sousa Eduardo , Webb John , Kaul Upendra , Chan Charles , Thuesen Leif , Guagliumi Giulio , Cobaugh Michael , Dawkins Keith 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis study should clarify whether the gold‐coated NIROYAL stent is equivalent to the stainless steel NIR stent. Patients were randomized to either NIR stent (n = 298) or a NIROYAL stent (n = 305). The primary endpoint was the minimum lumen diameter of the target lesion at 6 months postprocedure. Secondary endpoints focused on clinical events. At 30 days, adverse events were similar in both groups. At 6 months, the minimal lumen diameter was 1.83/1.64 mm (P < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.08–0.30) and the angiographic restenosis rate was 20.6%/37.7% (P < 0.001; 95% CI = −24.7 to −9.3) for NIR/NIROYAL. The 6‐month MACE rates were NIR 7.4% and NIROYAL 10.5% (95% CI = −7.7 to 1.4). Compared to stainless steel stent, the NIROYAL stent demonstrated a smaller minimal lumen diameter, a higher late loss (i.e., higher neointimal hyperplasia in spite of a significantly better initial gain), with higher restenosis and similar MACE rates at 6 months. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:18–25. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladed balloon angioplasty for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
Authors: Sugiyama Hisashi , Veldtman Gruchen R. , Norgard Gunnar , Lee Kyong‐Jin , Chaturvedi Rajiv , Benson Lee N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTreatment for peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis is challenging, and conventional balloon angioplasty has not proved to be universally effective. Evaluated was the efficacy of bladed balloon (BB) dilation to address vessels resistant to conventional high‐pressure (10–15 atm) balloon angioplasty (BA). Thirty‐one procedures were performed on 14 children with age range 1 month to 15 years. The diameter of the BB ranged from 3 to 8 mm. After BB dilation, all children had subsequent conventional BA (balloon size range, 3–10 mm). The minimal lumen diameter (MLD) before and after the procedure, whether there was a waist at initial BA, and BB diameter‐to‐MLD ratio before the procedure were measured. A > 50% increase in MLD was considered successful. Four children had Williams syndrome, two children Alagille syndrome, five children Fallot's tetralogy, and three miscellaneous lesions. The resistant stenosis was located in the right central pulmonary artery in 6, right branch pulmonary artery in 7, left central pulmonary artery in 6, and left branch pulmonary artery in 12 lesions. Median BB diameter was 253% (117–440%) of the MLD and increased from 2.0 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 0.8 mm (P < 0.0001), with a mean increase of 73% ± 62%. There was an inverse relationship between the MLD before and increase after the procedure (r = 0.75; P < 0.001). The BB diameter‐to‐MLD ratio before procedure was significantly associated with the increase in MLD (r = 0.70; P < 0.001). After the procedure, 18 of the 31 procedures were considered successful. In all successful procedures, the BB diameter was greater than twice the MLD before the procedure. Comparing children with Williams and Alagille syndrome with the remaining eight children, there were no significant differences in the increase in MLD. A small aneurysm and thrombus were noticed in two and three children, respectively, but no fatal complications were reported. BB angioplasty is effective for resistant peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis when conventional BA fails. The diameter of the BB should be larger than twice the minimal luminal diameter of the stenotic lesion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;62:71–77. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Versatile Polypeptide Platform for Integrated Recognition and Reporting: Affinity Arrays for Protein–Ligand Interaction Analysis
Authors: Enander Karin , Dolphin Gunnar T. , Liedberg Bo , Lundström Ingemar , Baltzer Lars 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA molecular platform for protein detection and quantification is reported in which recognition has been integrated with direct monitoring of target‐protein binding. The platform is based on a versatile 42‐residue helix–loop–helix polypeptide that dimerizes to form four‐helix bundles and allows site‐selective modification with recognition and reporter elements on the side chains of individually addressable lysine residues. The well‐characterized interaction between the model target‐protein carbonic anhydrase and its inhibitor benzenesulfonamide was used for a proof‐of‐concept demonstration. An affinity array was designed where benzenesulfonamide derivatives with aliphatic or oligoglycine spacers and a fluorescent dansyl reporter group were introduced into the scaffold. The affinities of the array members for human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) were determined by titration with the target protein and were found to be highly affected by the properties of the spacers (dissociation constant Kd=0.02–3 μM). The affinity of HCAII for acetazolamide (Kd=4 nM) was determined in a competition experiment with one of the benzenesulfonamide array members to address the possibility of screening substance libraries for new target‐protein binders. Also, successful affinity discrimination between different carbonic anhydrase isozymes highlighted the possibility of performing future isoform‐expression profiling. Our platform is predicted to become a flexible tool for a variety of biosensor and protein‐microarray applications within biochemistry, diagnostics and pharmaceutical chemistry.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Multiporphyrinic Interlocked Structures: The Effect of Copper(I) Coordination in the Central Site
Authors: Flamigni Lucia , Talarico Anna Maria , Chambron Jean‐Claude , Heitz Valérie , Linke Myriam , Fujita Norifumi , Sauvage Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPhotoinduced processes have been determined in a [2]catenane containing a zinc(II) porphyrin, a gold(III) porphyrin, and two free phenanthroline binding sites, Zn–Au+, and in the corresponding copper(I) phenanthroline complex, Zn–Cu+–Au+. In acetonitrile solution Zn–Au+ is present in two different conformations: an extended one, L, which accounts for 40 % of the total, and a compact one, S. In the L conformation, the electron transfer from the excited state of the Zn porphyrin to the gold–porphyrin unit (k = 1.3×109 s−1) is followed by a slow recombination (k = 8.3×107 s−1) to the ground state. The processes in the S conformation cannot be clearly resolved but a charge‐separated (CS) state is rapidly formed and decays with a lifetime on the order of fifty picoseconds. In the catenate Zn–Cu+–Au+, the zinc–porphyrin excited state initially transfers energy to the CuI–phenantholine unit, producing a metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) excited state localized on the copper complex with a rate k = 1.4×109 s−1. From this excited state the transfer of an electron to the gold–porphyrin unit takes place, producing the CS state Zn–Cu2+–Au., which decays with a lifetime of 10 ns. The results are discussed in comparison with the closely related [2]rotaxane, in which a further charge shift from the copper center to the zinc–porphyrin unit leads to the fully CS state. Even in the absence of such full charge separation, it is shown that the lifetimes of the CS states are increased by a factor of about 2–2.5 over those of the corresponding rotaxanes.
Magnetic Investigations and 151Eu Moessbauer Spectroscopy of MYbSi4N7 with M: Sr, Ba, Eu.
Authors: Hoeppe Henning A. , Trill Henning , Kotzyba Gunter , Mosel Bernd D. , Poettgen Rainer , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ae[Be2N2]: Nitridoberyllates of the Heavier Alkaline‐Earth Metals.
Authors: Somer Mehmet , Yarasik Alper , Akselrud Lev , Leoni Stefano , Rosner Helge , Schnelle Walter , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Synthesis of γ‐Perfluoroalkyl(aryl) Butyrolactones via Organoboranes.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Padiya Kamlesh J. , Rauniyar Vivek , Reddy M. Venkat Ram , Brown Herbert C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tail‐Tied Ligands: An Immobilized Analogue of (R)‐2‐Piperidino‐1,1,2‐triphenylethanol with Intact High Catalytic Activity and Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Pericas Miquel A. , Castellnou David , Rodriguez Israel , Riera Antoni , Sola Lluis 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Approach to the Synthesis of Strained Cyclic Systems. Part 1. Iminocyclobutenes and Iminothietanes from 1,3‐Dilithio‐3‐phenylpropyne and Methyl Isothiocyanate.
Authors: Tarasova O. A. , Brandsma L. , Nedolya N. A. , Afonin A. V. , Ushakov I. A. , Klyba L. V. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Zirconium‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling of Terminal Alkynes and Vinyl Bromides: Selective Synthesis of Cyclobutene and 1,3‐Diene Derivatives.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Rodriguez Felix , Alvarez‐Rodrigo Lucia , Fananas Francisco J. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis to Preparation of Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Martin Scott W. , Romine Jeffrey L. , Chen Ling , Mattson Gail , Antal‐Zimanyi Ildiko A. , Poindexter Graham S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium—Tris(3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Dienes to Dialdehydes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with High Activity.
Authors: Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Fujisawa Shinya , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Arai Masahiko 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α‐Fluoroacrylonitriles: Horner—Wittig Synthesis and Conversion into 2‐Fluoroallylamines and C‐(1‐Fluorovinyl)nitrones.
Authors: van Steenis Jan Hein , van den Nieuwendijk Adrianus M. C. H. , van den Gen Arne 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation of a Series of Chalcogenolate‐Bridged Diruthenium Complexes and Their Catalytic Activities Toward Propargylic Substitution Reactions.
Authors: Nishibayashi Yoshiaki , Imajima Hiroaki , Onodera Gen , Hidai Masanobu , Uemura Sakae 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reactivity of Benzophenone O‐Vinyloxime.
Authors: Zaitsev A. B. , Shmidt E. Yu. , Vasil'tsov A. M. , Mikhaleva A. I. , Morozova L. V. , Ushakov I. A. , Afonin A. V. , Il'icheva L. N. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Conformational Features of N,N′‐Disubstituted Ketene Aminals.
Authors: Shi Yan , Zhang Jing , Grazier Nyeemah , Stein Philip D. , Atwal Karnail S. , Traeger Sarah C. , Callahan Sharon P. , Malley Mary F. , Galella Michael A. , Gougoutas Jack Z. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A General Method for the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Sterically Hindered Aryl Chlorides: Synthesis of Di‐ and Tri‐ortho‐substituted Biaryls in 2‐Propanol at Room Temperature.
Authors: Navarro Oscar , Kelly Roy A. III , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐Aryl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and 1‐Aryl‐9,10‐anthraquinone Derivatives by Cycloaddition of 1‐(Dimethoxyphenyl)‐3‐trimethylsiloxy‐1,3‐butadienes to 1,4‐Benzoquinones and 1,4‐Naphthoquinones.
Authors: Nechepurenko I. V. , Shul'ts E. E. , Tolstikov G. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Endoperoxidation of 9,10‐Bis(1‐hydroxyalkyl)anthracenes and Successive Formation of 9,10‐Anthraquinone under Grignard Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Kuroda Shigeyasu , Oda Mitsunori , Syumiya Hiroki , Shaheen Shah M. I. , Miyatake Ryuta , Nishikawa Teruhiko , Yoneda Akiko , Tanaka Tokiko , Mouri Masaru , Kyogoku Mayumi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Derivatives of 1‐(9‐Alkyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)‐4‐carboxy‐2‐pyrrolidinones.
Authors: Sapiyanskaite B. , Mickevicius V. , Mikulskene G. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 1,3‐Dialkylimidazolium and 1,3‐Dialkylbenzimidazolium Salts.
Authors: Starikova O. V. , Dolgushin G. V. , Larina L. I. , Ushakov P. E. , Komarova T. N. , Kopyrev V. A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antihypertensive Activity of 1‐(2‐Thiazolyl)‐3,5‐disubstituted ‐2‐Pyrazolines.
Authors: Bagheri Maryam , Shekarchi Maryam , Jorjani Masoumeh , Ghahremani Mohammad Hossein , Vosooghi Mohssen , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: April 2004

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.