bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno-economic analysis of production of octane booster components derived from lignin
Authors: Ng Zi Wei , Yeoh King Yee , Hafyan Rendra Hakim , Putranto Aditya , Horri Bahman Amini , Zein Sharif H. , Rhamdhani MAkbar , Aziz Muhammad , Butar Ivan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive process for production of an environmentally friendly octane booster (acetophenone) from lignin is presented, along with a detailed techno-economic analysis. Recognizing that much of the prior research on octane boosters has been confined to experimental lab-level investigations, this study develops comprehensive process design to unravel the intricacies of large-scale acetophenone production. The acetophenone production process involves catalytic hydrogenolysis, which also yields phenol as a valuable side product. Based on the process flow diagram, mass and energy balances were developed, revealing significantly improved yields and purity of acetophenone compared to industry standards, reaching 0.74 kg acetophenone per kg of lignin and 99 wt%. In the techno-economic analysis, calculations involving fixed capital investment (FCI), operating costs, and working capital were conducted based on a feed of 100 kg/h of dry lignin. The results indicate FCI at 2.72 million USD, operating costs at 1.09 million USD per year, and working capital at 0.57 million USD. Assuming a 20-year operational lifespan, the payback period is estimated at 6.09 years, as depicted by the cumulative cash flow diagram. Moreover, techno-economic analysis demonstrates a net present value (NPV) of 3.24 million USD at a 10% discount rate, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.73%, and a return on investment (ROI) of 34.39%. These positive outcomes underscore the robust profitability of the proposed acetophenone production plant derived from lignin. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis on the IRR indicates that increasing the production capacity could further enhance profitability, reaffirming the feasibility of the plant’s operation. Crucially, this study highlights the potential for sustainable and economically viable production of acetophenone, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to toxic octane boosters and advancing the development of sustainable fuel additives.

Graphical Abstract
Evolution of tribo-magnetization during sliding of ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Gao Fumin , Zhang Laibin , Zhou Jin , Xiong Yi , Wu Jing , Fan Jianchun 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSliding-induced subsurface microstructure evolution is believed to be decisive for determining the friction and wear performance of metallic contacts as well as the development of tribo-magnetization. This expects to develop a new prediction method of wear state by elucidating the correlation between subsurface microstructure evolution and corresponding magnetic domain changes. Herein, subsurface microstructure evolution including crystal and magnetic domain under tribological action is investigated experimentally. Our results demonstrate that dislocation mediated plastic deformation decisively influences microstructural changes during tribological contact, further determining the magnetic domain structure. Specifically, sliding-induced plastic deformation causes an increase in the width of magnetic domains, but depth-dependent derived microstructure formed under severe plastic deformation such as the refined grains and sub-grains, in turn, promoted the refinement of magnetic domains and their discontinuity, forming depth-dependent magnetic domain structure. These results are helpful to clarify the evolution of tribo-magnetization and the pinning effect of dislocations on magnetic domains.
Experimental study on the feasibility of alternative materials for tilting pad thrust bearings operating in transition to mixed friction
Authors: Wasilczuk Michał , Wodtke Michał 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn hydrodynamic bearings traditional bearing alloys: Babbitts and bronzes are most frequently utilized. Polymer sliding layers are sometimes applied as a valuable alternative. Hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, which are also considered for certain applications may show some advantages, as well. Although material selection is of secondary importance in a full film lubrication regime it becomes important in mixed friction conditions, which is crucial for bearings with frequent starts and stops. Experimental research aimed at studying the performance of fluid film bearings in the specific operating regime, including the transition to mixed friction, is described in the paper. The tests were carried out on four tilting pad bearings of different material compositions: Steel/bronze, DLC/steel, steel/polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and steel/Babbitt. The tests comprised stopping under load and reproduction of the Stribeck curve by decreasing rotational speed to very low values, and observing the changes of friction force during the transition to mixed friction regime. Analysis of the transition conditions and other results showed clear differences between the tested bearings, illustrating the feasibility of less popular material compositions for bearings operating in specific conditions. More specifically, the DLC/steel bearing was demonstrating superior performance, i.e. lower friction, transition to mixed friction occurring at higher load, and more stable performance at start-stop regime over the other tested bearings.
Strain-Induced Surface Interface Dual Polarization Constructs PML-Cu/Bi12O17Br2 High-Density Active Sites for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Zhang Yi , Guo Fangyu , Di Jun , Wang Keke , Li Molly Meng-Jung , Dai Jiayu , She Yuanbin , Xia Jiexiang , Li Huaming 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe insufficient active sites and slow interfacial charge transfer of photocatalysts restrict the efficiency of CO2 photoreduction. The synchronized modulation of the above key issues is demanding and challenging. Herein, strain-induced strategy is developed to construct the Bi–O-bonded interface in Cu porphyrin-based monoatomic layer (PML-Cu) and Bi12O17Br2 (BOB), which triggers the surface interface dual polarization of PML-Cu/BOB (PBOB). In this multi-step polarization, the built-in electric field formed between the interfaces induces the electron transfer from conduction band (CB) of BOB to CB of PML-Cu and suppresses its reverse migration. Moreover, the surface polarization of PML-Cu further promotes the electron converge in Cu atoms. The introduction of PML-Cu endows a high density of dispersed Cu active sites on the surface of PBOB, significantly promoting the adsorption and activation of CO2 and CO desorption. The conversion rate of CO2 photoreduction to CO for PBOB can reach 584.3 μmol g−1, which is 7.83 times higher than BOB and 20.01 times than PML-Cu. This work offers valuable insights into multi-step polarization regulation and active site design for catalysts.
Longitudinal Negotiation, Navigation Processes, and School Success in High School: A Two-Wave Latent Transition Approach
Authors: Kassis Wassilis , Dueggeli Albert , Govaris Christos , Kassis Maria , Dittmar Miriam , Aksoy Dilan , Favre Céline Anne 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBy combining person-centered analysis with latent transition analysis (LTA) and adapting a navigation and negotiation perspective, we examined the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents’ depression and anxiety levels as well as their adaptation and success in high school. Focusing on the navigation (individual adaptation) and negotiation (social adaptation) factors that contribute to school success, our data from a longitudinal study in Switzerland (wave 1 in autumn 2020, grade eight [n = 315]; wave 2 in spring 2021, grade eight [n = 257]) revealed four patterns: students with high levels in both dimensions (“thriving”), students with low levels in both dimensions (“demanding”), students with low negotiation but moderate to high navigation (“unsupported bloomers”), and students with high negotiation but low navigation (“encouraged non-achievers”). The “thriving” pattern had about three times more students than the “encouraged non-achiever” pattern did and about five times more students with a lower depression/anxiety profile than the “demanding” pattern did. Parental involvement and reading comprehension were identified as crucial factors in students’ academic achievement, with parental involvement being significantly associated with the “unsupported bloomers” pattern, suggesting that parents can compensate for the lack of teacher academic support and recognition and it can contribute to students’ academic success. Adolescents with high navigation and negotiation resources had higher reading comprehension scores compared to those with lower navigation and negotiation resources. Reading comprehension significantly influenced grades in language subjects and mathematics. The study emphasized the importance of individual and social adaptation factors in promoting academic success and personal growth in high school.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in a Crohn’s disease patient treated with biological therapy
Authors: Lawgaly Sami A. , Summad Sahar 
Published: January 2024

AbstractA 55-year-old Libyan woman with Crohn's disease was evaluated for persistent skin ulceration at Benghazi Medical Center, Benghazi-Libya. During the initial visit, she was treated with intravenous antibiotics with no improvement. Pyoderma gangrenosum was considered and she received systemic steroids but she did not improve. Surprisingly, after the skin biopsy, leishmania skin infection was diagnosed and she was started on anti-leishmania therapy after which she showed a great improvement in her skin lesions.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Mistral Cardioplegia Heat Exchanger for Myocardial Solutions in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Condello Ignazio , Nasso Giuseppe , Fiore Flavio , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
The heat exchangers are composed of two pathways, one for the perfusate (blood or cardioplegia mixture) and one for water. These pathways are separated by material that allows efficient thermal exchange between the fluids. The role of the heat exchanger for the temperature transfer on cardioplegic solution through the delivery system is fundamental for metabolic myocardial preservation and protection in cardiac surgery procedures. The system allows for a user defined, variable concentration of warm, tepid or cold solution to be delivered. In this context we present a retrospective analysis on Mistral Cardioplegia Heat Exchanger and delivery system disposable (Eurosets, Srl, Medolla, Italy) in terms of effectiveness and efficiency during myocardial protection techniques.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study we collected 100 cardiac surgery procedures involved the use of Mistral Cardioplegia Heat Exchanger and disposables delivery systems for cardioplegic solutions. Fifty patients used the Mistral Cardioplegia Heat Exchanger, for Blood cardioplegic solution, managed with the temperature of 28 (°C), twenty-five used closed delivery system and twenty-five with soft shell reservoir delivery system; Fifty patients used the Mistral Heat Exchanger, for Crystalloid cardioplegic solution managed with the temperature of 4 (°C), twenty-five were used closed delivery system and twenty-five with soft shell reservoir delivery system. We evaluated the performance in terms of thermal exchange, between the set value and the expected temperature value during the myocardial solution administration in relation to the flow, hematocrit and pressure in the various delivery systems for the blood and crystalloid solution and in terms safety relative at the incidence of adverse event.

Results
The patients with St. Thomas blood cardioplegia solution at 28 °C (set value) Vs the patients with crystalloid Custodiol HTC ® solution at 4 °C (set value) reported a mean value for the cardiopulmonary bypass time of: 93 ± 12 Vs 140 ± 17 (min.); the cross-clamp time was: 65 ± 8 Vs 109 ± 15 (min.); the expected temperature value (°C) during blood cardioplegia for closed blood delivery system Vs soft shell reservoir delivery system was: 28 ± 0.91 Vs 28 ± 0.1, p-value = 0.91; the expected temperature value (°C)during crystalloid Custodiol HTC ® solution for closed delivery system Vs soft shell reservoir delivery system was: 4 ± 0.97 Vs 4 ± 0.13, p-value = 0.97. No adverse event was reported in both groups and subgroups.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggested that the Mistral Cardioplegia Heat Exchanger and delivery systems disposable for cardioplegia (Eurosets, Srl, Medolla, Italy) were effectiveness and efficiency in the management of myocardial protection techniques in terms of temperature and delivery. The systems used were safety and not reported adverse event during the procedures.
Life in a fishbowl: Space and environmental enrichment affect behaviour of Betta splendens
Authors: Oldfield Ronald G , Murphy Emily K 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The public has expressed growing concern for the well-being of fishes, including popular pet species such as the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). In captivity, male Bettas behave aggressively, often causing injuries and death if housed together. As a result, they are typically isolated in small fishbowls, which has been widely criticised as cruel. To investigate the impact of keeping Bettas in these conditions, we recorded the behaviour of individual males in containers of different sizes that were either bare or enriched with gravel, large rocks, and live plants. When male Bettas were housed individually in small bowls (0.5 L) they spent less time swimming than they did when they were kept in larger aquaria (10, 38, and 208 L). Fish that were kept in enriched containers exhibited more instances of swimming. To determine if two male Bettas housed together might coexist peacefully if given enough space and cover from plants and large rocks, we quantified the behaviour of pairs of male Bettas in bare or enriched aquaria of different sizes (10, 38, 208, 378 L). Fish performed fewer approaches and aggressive displays, but not attacks, and more bouts of foraging, when in larger aquaria. This study shows that the small fishbowls typically used in pet stores suppress swimming behaviour in male Bettas and at least a 10-L aquarium is required to ensure full expression of swimming behaviour. Furthermore, even the use of very large aquaria cannot guarantee peaceful cohabitation between two males.
Selecting for Masculinity: Women’s Under-Representation in the Republican Party
Authors: KARPOWITZ CHRISTOPHER F. , MONSON J. QUIN , PREECE JESSICA R. , ALDRIDGE ALEJANDRA 
Published: January 2024

The gap between women’s representation in the Democratic and Republican parties has grown significantly in the last three decades. We argue existing explanations undervalue voters’ contributions to this trend by focusing on voter responses to candidate sex rather than candidate gender. We theorize that Republican voters (especially the most conservative) prefer masculine candidates in intraparty and entry-level elections. Because sex and gender are correlated, this limits the number of Republican women who advance through the political pipeline. Experimental vignettes from two rounds of the Cooperative Congressional Election Study (N = 2,000) and two large surveys of Republicans (N > 10,000) show that Republican (but not Democratic) voters penalize candidates with “feminine” self-presentation regardless of the candidate’s sex. Original data on the self-presentation of Republican candidates for entry-level office (N = 459) confirm Republican candidates often present themselves in gender-stereotypical ways. In short, voters play an underappreciated role in the partisan gap in women’s representation.
Petty's instruments: the Down Survey, territorial natural history and the birth of statistics
Authors: Komel Svit 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWilliam Petty's work has usually been regarded as an epistemic break in the history of statistical and politico-economic thought. In this paper, I argue that Petty's statistical notions stemmed from the natural-historical techniques he originally implemented to manage the Down Survey. Following Bacon, who viewed the description of trades as a paramount branch of natural history, Petty approached the art of surveying itself as an object of natural-historical analysis. He partitioned the surveying work into individual tasks and implemented a meticulous division of labour, employing hundreds of disbanded soldiers as surveyors and using questionnaires to calibrate the responses of his ‘instruments’, as he called his specialized workers. By borrowing these methods from natural history to organize surveying work, Petty was able to conceptualize Ireland as a political body defined by tables of aggregate data. I then compare the Down Survey with John Graunt's observations on the bills of mortality to show that both are representative of a particular style of natural history, aimed at describing the natural and political state of a circumscribed territory. I close by considering other manifestations of ‘territorial natural history’, indicating a continuity between this research tradition and the appearance of statistics in the British Isles.
Semperula wallacei (Mollusca, Veronicellidae) um hospedeiro natural recém-descoberto de Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Angiostrongylidae) na Bacia do Pacífico
Authors: Mendonça C.L.F. , Caldeira R.L. , Carvalho O.S. , D’ávila S. , Gomes S.R. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874) is a species of terrestrial slug that occurs in southeast China and the Pacific Basin and is the only species of its genus that occurs beyond the Oriental region and to the east of Wallace’s line in the Australian region, where it has probably been introduced. In this study, we report for the first time S. wallacei as an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) based on histological and molecular analyses of slugs from Tuamasaga, Samoa, deposited at the Medical Malacological Collection (Fiocruz-CMM). DNA was obtained from the deparafinized tissues scraped from specimen slides. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) targeted to the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were carried out using the restriction enzyme Cla I. The RFLP profile observed for our larval specimen of S. wallacei was identical to the profile previously established for A. cantonensis, demonstrating that S. wallacei can be naturally infected with A. cantonensis and is likely to be an intermediate host for this parasitic nematode species in the field. The potential for geographical range expansion of S. wallacei in the Pacific Basin, its small size, and the general role of veronicellids as crop pests and hosts of nematodes, indicate the significance of S. wallacei as an invasive species in the Pacific Basin. Our work also highlights the importance of biological collections for investigating the environmental impact of invasive species on agriculture, public health, and biodiversity conservation.
The Global Shape, Gravity Field, and Libration of Enceladus
Authors: Park R. S. , Mastrodemos N. , Jacobson R. A. , Berne A. , Vaughan A. T. , Hemingway D. J. , Leonard E. J. , Castillo‐Rogez J. C. , Cockell C. S. , Keane J. T. , Konopliv A. S. , Nimmo F. , Riedel J. E. , Simons M. , Vance S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn order to improve our understanding of the interior structure of Saturn's small moon Enceladus, we reanalyze radiometric tracking and onboard imaging data acquired by the Cassini spacecraft during close encounters with the moon. We compute the global shape, gravity field, and rotational parameters of Enceladus in a reference frame consistent with the International Astronomical Union's definition, where the center of the Salih crater is located at −5° East longitude. We recover a quadrupole gravity field with J3 and a forced libration amplitude of 0.091° ± 0.009° (3‐σ). We also compute a global shape model using a stereo‐photoclinometry technique with a global resolution of 500 m, although some local maps have higher resolutions ranging from 25 to 100 m. While our overall results are generally consistent with previous studies, we infer a thicker 27–33 km mean ice shell, a thinner 21–26 km mean ocean thickness, and a mean core density range of 2,270–2,330 kg/m3.
High Salinity Shelf Water production rates in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea from high-resolution salinity observations
Authors: Miller Una Kim , Zappa Christopher J. , Gordon Arnold L. , Yoon Seung-Tae , Stevens Craig , Lee Won Sang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHigh Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) formed in the Ross Sea of Antarctica is a precursor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), a water mass that constitutes the bottom limb of the global overturning circulation. HSSW production rates are poorly constrained, as in-situ observations are scarce. Here, we present high-vertical-and-temporal-resolution salinity time series collected in austral winter 2017 from a mooring in Terra Nova Bay (TNB), one of two major sites of HSSW production in the Ross Sea. We calculate an annual-average HSSW production rate of ~0.4Sv(106m3s−1), which we use to ground truth additional estimates across 2012–2021 made from parametrized net surface heat fluxes. We find sub-seasonal and interannual variability on the order of$$0.1$$0.1$${Sv}$$Sv, with a strong dependence on variability in open-water area that suggests a sensitivity of TNB HSSW production rates to changes in the local wind regime and offshore sea ice pack.
Reprogramming mechanism dissection and trophoblast replacement application in monkey somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Liao Zhaodi , Zhang Jixiang , Sun Shiyu , Li Yuzhuo , Xu Yuting , Li Chunyang , Cao Jing , Nie Yanhong , Niu Zhuoyue , Liu Jingwen , Lu Falong , Liu Zhen , Sun Qiang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSomatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) successfully clones cynomolgus monkeys, but the efficiency remains low due to a limited understanding of the reprogramming mechanism. Notably, no rhesus monkey has been cloned through SCNT so far. Our study conducts a comparative analysis of multi-omics datasets, comparing embryos resulting from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with those from SCNT. Our findings reveal a widespread decrease in DNA methylation and the loss of imprinting in maternally imprinted genes within SCNT monkey blastocysts. This loss of imprinting persists in SCNT embryos cultured in-vitro until E17 and in full-term SCNT placentas. Additionally, histological examination of SCNT placentas shows noticeable hyperplasia and calcification. To address these defects, we develop a trophoblast replacement method, ultimately leading to the successful cloning of a healthy male rhesus monkey. These discoveries provide valuable insights into the reprogramming mechanism of monkey SCNT and introduce a promising strategy for primate cloning.