bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding the mask: Identity in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Higgins Ryan , Stuckey Heather , Snyder Bethany , Costigan Heather , Pomerantz Lauren , Peyrot Mark , Stephens Mark 
Published: January 2024

Abstract Introduction: Developing a healthy sense of professional identity among medical students is an integral aspect of medical education. Despite its importance, addressing professional identity formation (PIF) in medical school has typically been limited to narrative methods. Mask-making represents a complementary visual modality to examine PIF in undergraduate medical education. Methods: 140 students from the Penn State University College of Medicine Class of 2022 participated in a mask-making activity as they transitioned to clinical clerkships. Students expressed their ideal professional self on the outside of the masks and their current sense of self on the inside of the masks. Masks were coded into 31 PIF categories, and data were analyzed using chi-square to identify significant (P < 0.05) differences between self and ideal profiles. Results: Overall, the subdomains Communication skills, Observational Skills, and Relationships had the greatest incongruence between what students perceived as “ideal” and how they saw themselves. Discussion: Mask-making is a modality for self-exploration in the context of identity formation in medical education. Students were able to identify potential areas of growth in their developing professional identities. Our findings suggest arts integration can support holistic student growth and development.
Social theory and science diplomacy
Authors: BERTELSEN Rasmus Gjedssø 
Published: January 2024

This essay discusses the relationship between social theory and science diplomacy for both academic and policy application. This discussion is based on workpackage 2 Power with Science Diplomacy of H2020 Inventing a shared Science Diplomacy for Europe (InsSciDE) and consortium-wide discussions. The outcome of the discussions on theory of science diplomacy is that it is unfeasible to develop one theory of science diplomacy. Science diplomacy practice is rich and wide-ranging. Science diplomacy as a concept continues to be contested and there is no consensus on a definition, which makes for dynamic research and debate. The conceptual instability of science diplomacy complicates defining it. After defining science diplomacy, it remains unclear what about science diplomacy to theorize. Ideal types of science diplomacy practices address the definitional challenge for the time being and allow theorizing which brings order to rich empirical material and links science diplomacy practices to diplomacy analytically rather than normatively. Looking at science diplomacy as an independent, intermediary, or dependent variable contributes to theorizing it.
Acute ischaemic stroke in the context of neurosyphilis: how does antibiotic therapy help, and when should it be given?
Authors: Gomes Santos Pedro , Martins dos Santos Pedro , Abegão Teresa , Rosa Domingos Rita , Varela Ana Verónica , Florêncio André , Fidalgo Ana Paula 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Neurosyphilis (NS) refers to a central nervous system infection caused by Treponema pallidum. In recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of syphilis; however, NS is uncommon compared to the era before the discovery of penicillin. Manifestations are usually non-specific, ranging from asymptomatic cases to syphilitic meningitis, meningovascular syphilis, general paresis and tabes dorsalis. Meningovascular syphilis can cause an inflammatory arteritis of cerebral arteries, leading to vascular occlusion and cerebral infarction. Case description: We report a case of an ischaemic stroke in a patient with several vascular risk factors, presenting with right hemiparesis, hemihypesthesia and dysarthria. Initial computed tomography with angiography of the head and neck was normal; however, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a thalamic and internal capsule infarct. Serum T. pallidum antibodies were positive, as well as a rapid plasma reagin test. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and the patient was treated with ceftriaxone for 14 days due to a penicillin allergy. Discussion and conclusion: Although there is a high prevalence of stroke in patients with NS, this condition is typically underdiagnosed. Untreated NS carries a higher risk of stroke recurrence compared to other risk factors. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential. This case highlights the importance of considering NS in stroke victims, even in older patients with several additional vascular risk factors, to prevent recurrence and other complications.
Supporting self-management for patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases: Utility and acceptability of digital devices
Authors: Althobiani Malik A. , Shuttleworth Rebecca , Conway John , Dainton Jonathan , Duckworth Anna , Da Ponte Ana Jorge , Mandizha Jessica , Lanario Joseph W. , Gibbons Michael A. , Lines Sarah , Scotton Chris J. , Hurst John R. , Porter Joanna C. , Russell Anne-Marie 
Published: January 2024

Introduction
Patients diagnosed with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) use devices to self-monitor their health and well-being. Little is known about the range of devices, selection, frequency and terms of use and overall utility. We sought to quantify patients’ usage and experiences with home digital devices, and further evaluate their perceived utility and barriers to adaptation.

Methods
A team of expert clinicians and patient partners interested in self-management approaches designed a 48-question cross-sectional electronic survey; specifically targeted at individuals diagnosed with ILD. The survey was critically appraised by the interdisciplinary self-management group at Royal Devon University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust during a 6-month validation process. The survey was open for participation between September 2021 and December 2022, and responses were collected anonymously. Data were analysed descriptively for quantitative aspects and through thematic analysis for qualitative input.

Results
104 patients accessed the survey and 89/104 (86%) reported a diagnosis of lung fibrosis, including 46/89 (52%) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with 57/89 (64%) of participants diagnosed >3 years and 59/89 (66%) female. 52/65(80%) were in the UK; 33/65 (51%) reported severe breathlessness medical research council MRC grade 3–4 and 32/65 (49%) disclosed co-morbid arthritis or joint problems. Of these, 18/83 (22%) used a hand- held spirometer, with only 6/17 (35%) advised on how to interpret the readings. Pulse oximetry devices were the most frequently used device by 35/71 (49%) and 20/64 (31%) measured their saturations more than once daily. 29/63 (46%) of respondents reported home-monitoring brought reassurance; of these, for 25/63 (40%) a feeling of control. 10/57 (18%) felt it had a negative effect, citing fluctuating readings as causing stress and ‘paranoia’. The most likely help-seeking triggers were worsening breathlessness 53/65 (82%) and low oxygen saturation 43/65 (66%). Nurse specialists were the most frequent source of help 24/63 (38%). Conclusion: Patients can learn appropriate technical skills, yet perceptions of home-monitoring are variable; targeted assessment and tailored support is likely to be beneficial.
Effects of preconditioning with heat stress on acute exercise‐induced intracellular signaling in male rat gastrocnemius muscle
Authors: Yoshihara Toshinori , Dobashi Shohei , Naito Hisashi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractHeat stress (HS) induces Akt/mTOR phosphorylation and FoxO3a signaling; however, whether a prior increase in heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) expression affects intracellular signaling following eccentric exercise remains unclear. We analyzed the effects of HS pretreatment on intramuscular signaling in response to acute exercise in 10‐week‐old male Wistar rats (n = 24). One leg of each rat was exposed to HS and the other served as an internal control (CT). Post‐HS, rats were either rested or subjected to downhill treadmill running. Intramuscular signaling responses in the red and white regions of the gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed before, immediately after, or 1 h after exercise (n = 8/group). HS significantly increased HSP72 levels in both deep red and superficial white regions. Although HS did not affect exercise‐induced mTOR signaling (S6K1/ERK) responses in the red region, mTOR phosphorylation in the white region was significantly higher in CT legs than in HS legs after exercise. Thr308 phosphorylation of Akt showed region‐specific alteration with a decrease in the red region and an increase in the white region immediately after downhill running. Overall, a prior increase in HSP72 expression elicits fiber type‐specific changes in exercise‐induced Akt and mTOR phosphorylation in rat gastrocnemius muscle.
Law-and-Economics of Business Judgment Rule in India
Authors: Singh Rahul , Amrit Pratyay 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The article argues that the contours of the ‘business judgment rule’ (hereinafter, ‘the rule’ or ‘the doctrine’) have not been properly delineated and add avoidable transaction costs in terms of business decision-making. On the premise of ‘influence’ existing between Board Directors and countervailing requirements of legal compliance, it becomes imperative to study both components. In the absence of any clear legalese on the latter component incentivizes Directors in two ways – by inhibiting judgment or by incentivizing abuse for a perceived higher probability of economic gain.
Associations of social determinants of health and childhood obesity: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2021 National Survey of Children’s Health
Authors: Batioja Kelsi , Elenwo Covenant , Hendrix-Dicken Amy , Ali Lamiaa , Wetherill Marianna S. , Hartwell Micah 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Context
Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in the United States, with those affected having an increased likelihood of developing chronic diseases at a younger age. Social determinants of health (SDOH) are known to influence overall health. Families who are of low socioeconomic status (SES) have also been shown to be more likely to experience food insecurity.

Objectives
Our primary objective was to utilize the National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH) 2021 data to determine the current associations between childhood obesity and SDOH. Secondarily, we estimated the prevalence of select SDOH among children with obesity.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2021 NSCH to extract data related to the SDOH domains. We extracted sociodemographic variables to utilize as controls and constructed logistic regression models to determine associations, via odds ratios, between SDOH and childhood obesity.

Results
Within the binary regression models, children with obesity (≥95th percentile) were more likely than children without obesity to experience SDOH in all domains. After controlling for sociodemographic variables, children with obesity were significantly more likely to experience food insecurity when compared to children without obesity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.39; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–1.17).

Conclusions
In line with the current American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), improving policies for nutrition programs and addressing the lack of access to nutritious foods may alleviate some food insecurity. Ensuring that children have access to sufficient nutritious foods is critical in addressing childhood obesity and thus decreasing risk of chronic disease.
Tribological and thermal characteristics of copper-free brake friction composites
Authors: Sugözü Banu , Erol Ergül , Sugözü İlker 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The effects of zinc, steel, aluminum, and brass materials that can be used instead of copper in brake friction composites on braking performance were investigated in this study. The specimens containing three different ratios of metallic shavings were produced by the dry mixing method. In terms of comparison, a total of 16 specimens were examined by producing the specimen containing copper at the same rates and the specimen containing no metallic chip. The weight loss, specific wear rate, and friction coefficient of the specimens were determined by the brake test results. The hardness and density tests were carried out. Thermal conductivity tests of the specimens were carried out to determine the thermal characteristic of copper. Among the metallic chips used, aluminum and steel wool were found to be good alternatives to copper.
On the existence and numerical simulation of Cholera epidemic model
Authors: Shah Kamal , Ahmad Israr , Shafiullah  , Mukheimer Aiman , Abdeljawad Thabet , Jeelani Mdi Begum 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
A model describing the transmission dynamics of cholera is considered in this article. The concerned model is investigated under the Caputo-Fabrizio fractal fractional derivative. The objective of this article is to study theoretical and numerical results for the model under our consideration. Classical fixed point approach is used to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of solution to the proposed model. Adam’s Bashforth numerical method is utilized for the numerical interpretation of the suggested model. The considered technique is a powerful mathematical tool, that provides a numerical solution for the concerned problem. To discuss the transmission dynamics of the considered model, several graphical presentations are given.
Magnetoacoustics and magnetic quantization of Fermi states in relativistic plasmas
Authors: Iqbal Ahsan , Rasheed Abdur , Fatima Areeb , Perveen Sumera , Ramzan Bilal , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Dispersive characteristics of electromagnetic sound waves with frequencies less than the electron and ion gyro-frequencies are studied herein analytically and numerically at astrophysical scales. Magnetic quantization of Fermi states is concerned with the degenerate relativistic electrons fluid treated by quantum hydrodynamic model (QHD). The quantum features are included from Landau quantized Fermi pressure dependent upon the dc magnetic field, whereas the ions are treated as nondegenerate and classical. The numerical analysis verifies the analytical results. The phase speed of magnetosonic waves for relativistic degenerate plasma typically for white dwarf stars parameters is depicted from the graphical figures. In this manuscript, an overlooked feature of quantization, that is Landau quantization, is mainly focused for magnetoacoustics in plasmas.
New expressions for the Aharonov–Bohm phase and consequences for the fundamentals of quantum mechanics
Authors: Kholmetskii Alexander , Yarman Tolga , Missevitch Oleg 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We focus on new expressions for the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) phase proposed recently by C. Marletto and V. Vedral (Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 040401 (2020)) and by our team (A. L. Kholmetskii et al., Ann. Phys., 434, 168627 (2021)). We emphasize the mismatch between the standard expression for the electric component of the AB phase and the expression by Marletto and Vedral for this component, which, as we show, has fundamental roots and indicates the need to use different expressions for the Hamiltonian of the radiative component and bound component of the electromagnetic (EM) field. We further show that the corrected expression for the AB phase of Marletto and Vedral and our expression for the AB phase do not coincide with its standard representation through the potentials of EM field (Y. Aharonov, D. Bohm, Phys. Rev. 115 (1959) 485) and contain additional terms, which straightforwardly allow to re-express the AB phase via electric and magnetic fields instead of scalar and vector potentials. The recognition of the field-dependent origin of the AB effect also requires to re-express the Hamiltonian of a charged particle through the EM field, which we show can be done in the only possible way. We discuss the physical meaning of the AB effect with the primary role of the EM field and also discuss some general quantum mechanical implications.
Molecular level interaction, electrons excitation properties, solvent effect using IEFPCM investigation, topological surface, and docking analysis of 4-pyrrolidin-2-yl-pyridine
Authors: Barathan Uma , Selvaraj Selvakumari , Kadaikunnan Shine , Abbas Ghulam , Sambantham Muthu 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Optimisation of molecular geometry of the headline compound, 4-pyrrolidin-2-yl-pyridine (4P2YLP) was achieved theoretically exercising Density Functional Theory using B3LYP standard approach utilising basis set, 6-311++G(d,p). Using Gaussian 09, HOMO–LUMO analysis was achieved to comprehend the chemical activity and electronic properties of the heading compound. The least HOMO–LUMO gap was obtained for gas phase (5.6486). Bonding interlinkage of the fragments is accomplished by Natural Bonding Orbitals (NBO), as steadiness and chemical reactivity depend on the border molecular orbitals. The nucleophilic & electrophilic spots along with 3D charge transmission areas are determined using the Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP). Multiwfn 3.8 software with Pauli Repulsion (PR) & electron localization has been used to conduct ELF and LOL research. While LOL simply displays the most closely spaced orbitals overlapping, ELF displays the electron pair density. Non-linear response properties are analysed in a variety of solvents. The dipole moment (1.9039), polarizability (3.23017E-23 esu) & first order hyperpolarizability (1.51981E-30 esu) of water are the highest values among the selected solvents. Different solvents endured UV–Vis analysis employing TD-DFT technique and the absorption of maximum wavelength is accomplished. Fructose 5-dehydrogenase inhibitor activity by docking is investigated using molecular modelling procedures.
Isolation and Molecular Screening of Fungus as Agents in Cellulolytic Transformation Materials from Symbiotic Lichen
Authors: Rahardiyan Dino , Moko Emma Mauren 
Published: January 2024

The abundance of lignocellulosic waste makes it a potential source for advanced biomaterials through various transformation processes. Lignocellulosic biomass transformation to advanced biomaterials involves enzymes from extracellular metabolites of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulose. This research was to molecularly screen fungi found in symbiotes of lichen endemic to trees growing in North Minahasa (North Sulawesi) with lignocellulolytic transformation enzymes. Molecular screening was conducted from identified fungi isolates based on partial genetical analysis on the locus of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the fungi’s ribosomal DNA. Fungi isolates screening identified Trichoderma koningiopsis (isolate HZA8 and isolate HZA6), Penicillium sumatraense (strain CBS 127365 and strain CBS 130380), Trichoderma hamatum (isolate PAN12-45 and isolate PAN12-05), Aspergillus aculeatus (strain A1.9 18S), Aspergillus aculeatus (isolate XSD-74), Trichoderma reesei (strain S2606 and isolate 5A14). Molecular identification and BLAST homology of potentially lignocellulolytic fungi isolates rDNA indicated that isolate KB2 had close relationship with Trichoderma reesei at 100% degree of closeness and an index of cellulolytic activity of 1.19. While isolate KB3 appeared closely related to Aspergillus aculeatus at 99.83% degree of closeness and an index of cellulolytic activity of 1.57. Therefore, the potential of developing bioprocess industries in general and in particular is most probable.
EL ENFOQUE DE LA ACTIVIDAD FÍSICO-DEPORTIVA PARA PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD INTELECTUAL EN LA FUNDACIÓN PRODIS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LOS VALORES DEL IDEARIO OLÍMPICO
Authors: Martín Domínguez Andrea , Calle Molina María Teresa 
Published: January 2024

La presente publicación tiene como base el trabajo de investigación realizado para el Trabajo Fin de Máster (TFM) llevado a cabo durante las prácticas curriculares correspondientes al Máster Universitario en Actividades Físicas y Deportivas para la Inclusión Social de Personas con Discapacidad cursado en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). Estas prácticas se realizaron durante los meses de febrero a mayo de 2023 en la Fundación Prodis.
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron, en primer lugar, conocer la utilización de la Actividad Física y el Deporte en las líneas de actuación de la Fundación Prodis, y demostrar, por otra parte, la similitud y paralelismo con el ideario, las motivaciones y las prácticas que estuvieron en la creación del Olimpismo, para concluir que, si bien el ideario olímpico no se manifiesta explícitamente en su documentación y acciones que desarrolla, si se evidencia como una realidad viva en los propósitos y las actividades físicas y el deporte que en dicha fundación llevan a cabo.
El diseño metodológico de la investigación partió de un proceso de recogida de información mediante el Análisis Documental de documentos de la Fundación Prodis, Observaciones de sus actividades y entrevistas a profesionales que prestan en ella sus servicios y fueron previamente identificados y categorizados como fuentes primarias. Después, se realizó la triangulación de las informaciones y los datos obtenidos. El resultado supone una clara exposición de los fundamentos a partir de los cuales la fundación desarrolla sus actividades, una muestra de las mismas, de su cuidadoso y minucioso funcionamiento con la evidencia en el desarrollo de los valores de solidaridad, responsabilidad social y contribución para un mundo más justo. Y, como se ha mencionado, encuentran su paralelismo con el ideario del olimpismo utilizando igualmente como instrumento la actividad físico-deportiva
LA INCLUSIÓN DE PERSONAS CON DISCAPACIDAD EN LA MODALIDAD DEPORTIVA DEL SALVAMENTO Y SOCORRISMO
Authors: Tobajas Zamarreño Nagore , Sanz Arribas Ismael 
Published: January 2024

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es conocer la opinión de deportistas, árbitros y técnicos de salvamento y socorrismo sobre la participación inclusiva de las personas con discapacidad en este deporte y en los diferentes estamentos federativos. Para la investigación y consecución de este objetivo se ha realizado un cuestionario abierto a 6 deportistas, 6 técnicos deportivos y 6 árbitros de salvamento y socorrismo.
Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que la mayoría de las personas consultadas están a favor de la participación inclusiva de las personas con discapacidad en la modalidad deportiva de salvamento y socorrismo, así como en los estamentos arbitral y técnico de este deporte. Sin embargo, advierten que esta participación puede verse comprometida por la falta de instalaciones y materiales adaptados. Además, se han identificado testimonios que hacen pensar que las personas consultadas no han recibido formación relacionada con la discapacidad.
En definitiva, se recomienda la elaboración de un informe que identifique y ofrezca soluciones a las dificultades o barreras detectadas. En ese sentido, se propone diseñar un plan formativo que mejore la preparación de todas las personas que trabajan y participan en el desarrollo y la promoción del salvamento y socorrismo.