bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel prognostic prediction indicator in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: Naples prognostic score
Authors: Zhu Ning , Lin Shanhong , Cao Chao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAcute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a potentially fatal disease. Early risk stratification is essential to determining appropriate treatment. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of the Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) for 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with APE. In this retrospective analysis, 325 hospitalized patients with APE were divided into Groups 0 (n = 131), 1 (n = 153), and 2 (n = 41) according to the NPS. The primary outcome event was all-cause mortality during 30 days of follow-up from the day of admission. The correlation between NPS, clinical features, and outcomes in each group was evaluated. The patients were divided into two groups, survivor (n = 294) and nonsurvivor (n = 31), according to their prognosis. The results of the comparison between the three NPS groups revealed that patients with older age, faster heart rate, lower systolic blood pressure, low albumin and total cholesterol levels, high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), right heart dilatation, heart failure, malignancy, and lower extremity venous thrombosis had significantly higher 30-day all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for NPS to predict all-cause death within 30 days in patients with APE was 0.780 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.678–0.855), with sensitivity being 80.6% (95% CI = 0.667–0.946) and specificity being 72.1% (95% CI = 0.670–0.772). Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves showed that Group 2 APE patients had the highest risk of all-cause mortality compared with the other two groups (log-rank test, P = 0.0004). Forest plot visualization using the Cox proportional hazard model showed a significant increase in the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality by 239% (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.385 [1.115–10.273], P = 0.031) and 338% (HR = 4.377 [1.228–15.598], P = 0.023), and the trend test showed a statistical difference (P = 0.042). The study concluded that NPS is a novel, reliable, and multidimensional prognostic scoring system with good prediction of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients with APE.
Effect of online intervention mode on breastfeeding results: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Yue , Gao Yutong , Zhu Zhiling , Zhu Lili 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the effect of Internet based intervention model on breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, self-confidence and breastfeeding rate.

Methods
An electronic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, CBM and VIP database was performed using combinations of the keywords “Breastfeeding,” “Breastfeeding, Exclusive,” “Internet,” “Online,” and “Website”. The retrieval period was from their inception to March 31, 2023. Quality appraisal was performed using the Cochrane 5.1 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RevMan5.3 was used for data analysis.

Results
Thirty-two studies were included in the review, with a total of 9514 samples. The results of Meta-analysis showed that, compared with routine nursing, the intervention model based on the Internet can effectively improve breastfeeding knowledge and attitude of pregnant women, improve breastfeeding self-confidence (P < 0.05), and improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the short term (within 6 weeks) and the long-term postpartum (3–6 months) had a positive effect on the rate of exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The Internet breastfeeding intervention model may be an effective intervention to improve the effect of exclusive breastfeeding. In the future, more high-quality, large-sample randomized controlled trials can be carried out to further explore the effect of the Internet intervention model on breastfeeding.
Inflammation and altered metabolism impede efficacy of functional electrical stimulation in critically ill patients
Authors: Jameson T. S. O. , Caldow M. K. , Stephens F. , Denehy L. , Lynch G. S. , Koopman R. , Krajcova A. , Urban T. , Berney S. , Duska F. , Puthucheary Z. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients suffer from acute muscle wasting, which is associated with significant physical functional impairment. We describe data from nested muscle biopsy studies from two trials of functional electrical stimulation (FES) that did not shown improvements in physical function.MethodsPrimary cohort: single-centre randomized controlled trial. Additional healthy volunteer data from patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty.Validation cohort: Four-centre randomized controlled trial.Intervention: FES cycling for 60-90min/day.Analyses: Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of 223 genes underwent hierarchal clustering for targeted analysis and validation.ResultsPositively enriched pathways between healthy volunteers and ICU participants were “stress response”, “response to stimuli” and “protein metabolism”, in keeping with published data. Positively enriched pathways between admission and day 7 ICU participants were “FOXO-mediated transcription” (admission = 0.48 ± 0.94, day 7 = − 0.47 ± 1.04 mean log2fold change;P = 0.042), “Fatty acid metabolism” (admission = 0.50 ± 0.67, day 7 = 0.07 ± 1.65 mean log2fold change;P = 0.042) and “Interleukin-1 processing” (admission = 0.88 ± 0.50, day 7 = 0.97 ± 0.76 mean log2fold change;P = 0.054). Muscle mRNA expression of UCP3 (P = 0.030) and DGKD (P = 0.040) decreased in both cohorts with no between group differences. Changes in IL-18 were not observed in the validation cohort (P = 0.268). Targeted analyses related to intramuscular mitochondrial substrate oxidation, fatty acid oxidation and intramuscular inflammation showed PPARγ-C1α; (P < 0.001), SLC25A20 (P = 0.017) and UCP3 (P < 0.001) decreased between admission and day 7 in both arms. LPIN-1 (P < 0.001) and SPT1 (P = 0.044) decreased between admission and day 7. IL-18 (P = 0.011) and TNFRSF12A (P = 0.009) increased in both arms between admission and day 7. IL-1β (P = 0.007), its receptor IL-1R1 (P = 0.005) and IL-6R (P = 0.001) decreased in both arms between admission and day 7. No between group differences were seen in any of these (all p > 0.05).ConclusionsIntramuscular inflammation and altered substrate utilization are persistent in skeletal muscle during first week of critical illness and are not improved by the application of Functional Electrical Stimulation-assisted exercise. Future trials of exercise to prevent muscle wasting and physical impairment are unlikely to be successful unless these processes are addressed by other means than exercise alone.
Alterations to DNA methylation patterns induced by chemotherapy treatment are associated with negative impacts on the olfactory pathway
Authors: Ho Peh Joo , Khng Alexis Jiaying , Tan Benita Kiat-Tee , Lim Geok Hoon , Tan Su-Ming , Tan Veronique Kiak Mien , Tan Ryan Shea Ying Cong , Lim Elaine Hsuen , Iau Philip Tsau-Choong , Chew Ying Jia , Lim Yi Ying , Hartman Mikael , Tan Ern Yu , Li Jingmei 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment may alter DNA methylation (DNAm) in breast cancer patients.

Methods
We performed DNAm analysis in 125 breast cancer patients with blood drawn before and after chemotherapy, using the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. DNAm changes of 588,798 individual CpGs (including 41,207 promoter regions) were evaluated using linear regression models adjusted for monocyte proportion. Gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) were conducted to identify key Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with chemotherapy. Results were validated in a separate cohort of breast cancer patients who were treated (n = 1273) and not treated (n = 872) by chemotherapy (1808 blood, 337 saliva).

Results
A total of 141 differentially methylated CpGs and 11 promoters were significantly associated with chemotherapy after multiple testing corrections in both the paired sample and single time point analyses. GSEA of promoter regions (pre-ranked by test statistics) identified six suppressed biological processes (p < 4.67e−8) related to sensory perception and detection of chemical stimuli, including smell perception (GO:0007606, GO:0007608, GO:0009593, GO:0050906, GO:0050907, and GO:0050911). The same six biological processes were significantly suppressed in the validation dataset (p < 9.02e−14). The KEGG pathway olfactory transduction (hsa04740) was also found to be significantly suppressed (ppaired-samples = 1.72e−9, psingle-timepoint-blood = 2.03e−15 and psingle-timepoint-saliva = 7.52e−56).

Conclusion
The enrichment of imprinted genes within biological processes and pathways suggests a biological mechanism by which chemotherapy could affect the perception of smell.
The chromatin landscape of the euryarchaeon Haloferax volcanii
Authors: Marinov Georgi K. , Bagdatli S. Tansu , Wu Tong , He Chuan , Kundaje Anshul , Greenleaf William J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Archaea, together with Bacteria, represent the two main divisions of life on Earth, with many of the defining characteristics of the more complex eukaryotes tracing their origin to evolutionary innovations first made in their archaeal ancestors. One of the most notable such features is nucleosomal chromatin, although archaeal histones and chromatin differ significantly from those of eukaryotes, not all archaea possess histones and it is not clear if histones are a main packaging component for all that do. Despite increased interest in archaeal chromatin in recent years, its properties have been little studied using genomic tools.

Results
Here, we adapt the ATAC-seq assay to archaea and use it to map the accessible landscape of the genome of the euryarchaeote Haloferax volcanii. We integrate the resulting datasets with genome-wide maps of active transcription and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and find that while H. volcanii promoters exist in a preferentially accessible state, unlike most eukaryotes, modulation of transcriptional activity is not associated with changes in promoter accessibility. Applying orthogonal single-molecule footprinting methods, we quantify the absolute levels of physical protection of H. volcanii and find that Haloferax chromatin is similarly or only slightly more accessible, in aggregate, than that of eukaryotes. We also evaluate the degree of coordination of transcription within archaeal operons and make the unexpected observation that some CRISPR arrays are associated with highly prevalent ssDNA structures.

Conclusions
Our results provide the first comprehensive maps of chromatin accessibility and active transcription in Haloferax across conditions and thus a foundation for future functional studies of archaeal chromatin.
A gist on an obscure neoplasm in Ghana: gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Yorke Joseph , Brenu Samuel Gyasi , Awoonor-Williams Ronald , Tabiri Stephen , Seidu Anwar Sadat , Yamoah Francis Akwaw , Akpaloo Joseph , Der Edmund Muonir , Adjei Ernest , Okyere Isaac , Ihekanandu Kenneth Kelechi , Bonsu Ernest Bawuah Osei , Kyei Ishmael , Mensah Samuel , Adinku Michael Ofoe , Yorke Dennis Afful , Agyapong Akwasi Opoku , Aitpillah Francis Somiah-Kwaw , Agyei Martin Kofi , Oppong-Nkrumah Nana Akosua , Annan Kwasi Dadzie , Ellis Theodora-Ann Fremponma , Danso Patrick , Buckman Tonnies Abeku , Acheampong Emmanuel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour is a rare but potentially curable tumour of the gastrointestinal tract accounting for up to 1% of all gastrointestinal tumours. The discovery of Imatinib mesylate, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor has improved the chances even for unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic diseases.

Methods
This study sought to document the clinical and pathological characteristics of GISTs from two tertiary hospitals in Ghana that have undergone immunohistochemistry confirmation between 2014 and 2021.

Results
The median age of the subjects was 50 years with most of them (28.0%) being above 61 years. There were more females than males (64.0% vs. 36.0%). Abdominal mass and abdominal pain made up the majority of the clinical presentations. The majority of the subjects had partial gastrectomy (32.0%) which was followed by wedge resection (28.0%). Appendectomy and sleeve gastrectomy were the least performed procedures (8% each). Four of the 25 patients (16.0%) had resections of involved contiguous organs done with splenectomy being the most common procedure. The majority of GISTs were found in the stomach (68.0%) followed by the appendix (12.0%) and small bowel (12.0%). Gastrointestinal bleeding (55.8%) and abdominal pain (38.5%) were the most reported symptoms. Free resection margins were observed in 84.0% of the subjects and only 3/25 (12.0%) experienced tumour recurrence.

Conclusion
GIST is a potentially curable tumour that once was obscure but currently gaining popularity. Surgical resection offers the hope of a cure for localized disease while targeted therapies is a viable option for recurrent, metastatic, or unresectable tumours.
Safety and effectiveness of the Canadian food ladders for children with IgE-mediated food allergies to cow’s milk and/or egg
Authors: Chomyn Alanna , Chan Edmond S. , Yeung Joanne , Cameron Scott , Chua Gilbert T. , Vander Leek Timothy K. , Williams Brock A , Soller Lianne , Abrams Elissa M. , Mak Raymond , Wong Tiffany 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Food ladders are tools designed to facilitate home-based dietary advancement in children with food allergies through stepwise exposures to increasingly allergenic forms of milk and egg. Several studies have now documented safety and efficacy of food ladders. In 2021, we published a Canadian adaptation of the previously existing milk and egg ladders originating in Europe using foods more readily available/consumed in Canada. Our study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting food ladder use and provides safety and effectiveness data for our Canadian adaptation of the milk and egg ladders.

Methods
Surveys were distributed to families of children using the Canadian Milk Ladder and/or the Canadian Egg Ladder at baseline, with follow up surveys at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using REDCap and descriptive and inferential statistics are presented.

Results
One hundred and nine participants were started on milk/egg ladders between September 2020 and June 2022. 53 participants responded to follow up surveys. Only 2 of 53 (3.8%) participants reported receiving epinephrine during the study. Severe grade 4 reactions (defined according to the modified World Allergy Organization grading system) were not reported by any participants. Minor cutaneous adverse reactions were common, with about 71% (n = 10/14) of respondents reporting cutaneous adverse reactions by 1 year of food ladder use. An increasing proportion of participants could tolerate most foods from steps 2–4 foods after 3, 6, and 12 months of the food ladder compared to baseline.

Conclusion
The Canadian food ladders are safe tools for children with cow’s milk and/or egg allergies, and participants tolerated a larger range of foods with food ladder use compared to baseline.
Generalizable attention U-Net for segmentation of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement in breast DCE-MRI
Authors: Nowakowska Sylwia , Borkowski Karol , Ruppert Carlotta M. , Landsmann Anna , Marcon Magda , Berger Nicole , Boss Andreas , Ciritsis Alexander , Rossi Cristina 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Development of automated segmentation models enabling standardized volumetric quantification of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) from native volumes and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) from subtraction volumes of dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI. Subsequent assessment of the developed models in the context of FGT and BPE Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)-compliant classification.

Methods
For the training and validation of attention U-Net models, data coming from a single 3.0-T scanner was used. For testing, additional data from 1.5-T scanner and data acquired in a different institution with a 3.0-T scanner was utilized. The developed models were used to quantify the amount of FGT and BPE in 80 DCE-MRI examinations, and a correlation between these volumetric measures and the classes assigned by radiologists was performed.

Results
To assess the model performance using application-relevant metrics, the correlation between the volumes of breast, FGT, and BPE calculated from ground truth masks and predicted masks was checked. Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.963 ± 0.004 to 0.999 ± 0.001 were achieved. The Spearman correlation coefficient for the quantitative and qualitative assessment, i.e., classification by radiologist, of FGT amounted to 0.70 (p < 0.0001), whereas BPE amounted to 0.37 (p = 0.0006).

Conclusions
Generalizable algorithms for FGT and BPE segmentation were developed and tested. Our results suggest that when assessing FGT, it is sufficient to use volumetric measures alone. However, for the evaluation of BPE, additional models considering voxels’ intensity distribution and morphology are required.

Critical relevance statement
A standardized assessment of FGT density can rely on volumetric measures, whereas in the case of BPE, the volumetric measures constitute, along with voxels’ intensity distribution and morphology, an important factor.

Key points
• Our work contributes to the standardization of FGT and BPE assessment.
• Attention U-Net can reliably segment intricately shaped FGT and BPE structures.
• The developed models were robust to domain shift.

Graphical Abstract
Tracking of moving human in different overlapping cameras using Kalman filter optimized
Authors: Yousefi Seyed Mohammad Mehdi , Mohseni Seyed Saleh , Dehbovid Hadi , Ghaderi Reza 
Published: November 2023

AbstractTracking objects is a crucial problem in image processing and machine vision, involving the representation of position changes of an object and following it in a sequence of video images. Though it has a history in military applications, tracking has become increasingly important since the 1980s due to its wide-ranging applications in different areas. This study focuses on tracking moving objects with human identity and identifying individuals through their appearance, using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classification algorithm. The Kalman filter is an important tool in this process, as it can predict the movement trajectory and estimate the position of moving objects. The tracking error is reduced by weighting the filter using a fuzzy logic algorithm for each moving human. After tracking people, they are identified using the features extracted from the histogram of images by ANN. However, there are various challenges in implementing this method, which can be addressed by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) for feature selection. The simulations in this study aim to evaluate the convergence rate and estimation error of the filter. The results show that the proposed method achieves better results than other similar methods in tracking position in three different datasets. Moreover, the proposed method performs 8% better on average than other similar algorithms in night vision, cloud vision, and daylight vision situations.
Endoscopic surgery versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy in locally advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A multicenter, case-matched comparison
Authors: Liu Yibin , Huang Nan , Gao Junxiao , He Bin , Huang Hongming , Wan Liangcai , Cai Qinming , Zhu Zhenchao , Zhou Suizi , Wang Jing , Wang Xiaohui , Qiu Qianhui , Han Fei 
Published: November 2023

Background The management of locally advanced recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (rNPC) is challenging. The objective of our study was to compare salvage endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in clinical outcomes and complications of locally advanced rNPC. Methods Patients with histologically confirmed rNPC in rT3-4N0-3M0 stages were retrospectively enrolled between January 2013 and December 2019 in this multicenter, case-matched study. The baseline clinicopathological characteristics of patients were balanced by propensity score matching between the ENPG and IMRT groups. ENPG was performed in patients with easily or potentially resectable tumors. The oncological outcomes as well as treatment-related complications were compared between two groups. Results A total of 176 patients were enrolled and 106 patients were matched. The ENPG group (n = 53) and the IMRT group (n = 53) showed comparable outcomes in the 3-year overall survival rate (68.4% vs. 65.4%, P = 0.401), cancer-specific survival rate (80.9% vs. 74.4%, P = 0.076), locoregional failure-free survival rate (36.6% vs. 45.3%, P = 0.076), and progression-free survival rate (27.5% vs. 32.3%, P = 0.216). The incidence of severe treatment-related complications of patients in the ENPG group was lower than that in the IMRT group (37.7% vs. 67.9%, P = 0.002). The most common complications were post perioperative hemorrhage (13.2%) in ENPG group and temporal lobe necrosis (47.2%) in IMRT group, respectively. Conclusion Salvage ENPG exhibits comparable efficacy but less toxicities than IMRT in carefully screened patients with locally advanced rNPC, which may be a new choice of local treatment. Graphical Abstract
Unlocking teachers’ potential: MOOCLS, a visualization tool for enhancing MOOC teaching
Authors: Hmedna Brahim , Bakki Aicha , Mezouary Ali El , Baz Omar 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are revolutionizing online education and have become a popular teaching platform. However, traditional MOOCs often overlook learners' individual needs and preferences when designing learning materials and activities, resulting in suboptimal learning experiences. To address this issue, this paper proposes an approach to identify learners' preferences for different learning styles by analyzing their traces in MOOC environments. The Felder–Silverman Learning Style Model is adopted as it is one of the most widely used models in technology-enhanced learning. This research focuses on developing a reliable predictive model that can accurately identify learning styles. Based on insights gained from our model implementation, we propose MOOCLS (MOOC Learning Styles), an intuitive visualization tool. MOOCLS can help teachers and instructional designers to gain significant insight into the diversity of learning styles within their MOOCs. This will allow them to design activities and content that better support the learning styles of their learners, which can lead to higher learning engagement, improved performance, and reduction in time to learn.