bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of oscillatory mixing on the injectability of three acrylic and two calcium‐phosphate bone cements for vertebroplasty
Authors: Baroud G. , Matsushita C. , Samara M. , Beckman L. , Steffen T. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInjecting acrylic and, increasingly, calcium‐phosphate cements into the porous bone structure is an emerging procedure, referred to as vertebroplasty, for the augmentation of osteoporotic vertebrae. Despite the benefits of vertebroplasty, it has limitations. The limitations of interest in this study are the injectability of bone cements and their mixing variability (i.e., low reproducibility of resulting viscosity). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of oscillatory versus manual mixing on cement viscosity and mixing variability. Five cements are tested: (a) Vertebroplastic™, (b) DP‐Pour™, (c) Antibiotic Simplex®, (d) chronOS Inject™, and (e) Biopex™. Compared to manual mixing, oscillatory mixing significantly decreased the mean viscosity and the mixing variability, which was inferred from the coefficient of variation. For example, under oscillatory mixing, the viscosity and the variability for Vertebroplastic decreased to one‐third of the corresponding values for manual mixing. Similar results were obtained for the other cements. The decrease in viscosity is attributed to the pseudo‐plastic behavior of bone cements. The decrease in the variability of cement viscosity was attributed to greater dispersive mixing of the cement components under oscillatory mixing. The decrease in viscosity eases the injection by reducing the pressure required. The decrease in the variability of cement viscosity increases reproducibility of the cement injection. Oscillatory mixing appears to have the potential to contribute to improving vertebroplasty. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 68B: 105–111, 2004
Are primary cultures realistic models of prostate cancer?
Authors: Peehl Donna M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractPrimary cultures fill a unique niche among the repertoire of in vitro model systems available to investigate the biology of the normal and malignant human prostate. This review summarizes some of the properties of primary cultures, with special emphasis on two questions: are primary cultures from adenocarcinomas really comprised of cancer rather than normal cells, and do primary cultures faithfully retain characteristics of cells of origin? © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cholesterol and prostate cancer
Authors: Freeman Michael R. , Solomon Keith R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractCholesterol is a neutral lipid that accumulates in liquid‐ordered, detergent‐resistant membrane domains called lipid rafts. Lipid rafts serve as membrane platforms for signal transduction mechanisms that mediate cell growth, survival, and a variety of other processes relevant to cancer. A number of studies, going back many years, demonstrate that cholesterol accumulates in solid tumors and that cholesterol homeostasis breaks down in the prostate with aging and with the transition to the malignant state. This review summarizes the established links between cholesterol and prostate cancer (PCa), with a focus on how accumulation of cholesterol within the lipid raft component of the plasma membrane may stimulate signaling pathways that promote progression to hormone refractory disease. We propose that increases in cholesterol in prostate tumor cell membranes, resulting from increases in circulating levels or from dysregulation of endogenous synthesis, results in the coalescence of raft domains. This would have the effect of sequestering positive regulators of oncogenic signaling within rafts, while maintaining negative regulators in the liquid‐disordered membrane fraction. This approach toward examining the function of lipid rafts in prostate cancer cells may provide insight into the role of circulating cholesterol in malignant growth and on the potential relationship between diet and aggressive disease. Large‐scale characterization of proteins that localize to cholesterol‐rich domains may help unveil signaling networks and pathways that will lead to identification of new biomarkers for disease progression and potentially to novel targets for therapeutic intervention. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Independent sets and 2‐factors in edge‐chromatic‐critical graphs
Authors: Grünewald Stefan , Steffen Eckhard 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn 1968, Vizing made the following two conjectures for graphs which are critical with respect to the chromatic index: (1) every critical graph has a 2‐factor, and (2) every independent vertex set in a critical graph contains at most half of the vertices. We prove both conjectures for critical graphs with many edges, and determine upper bounds for the size of independent vertex sets in those graphs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 113–118, 2004
Weakening arcs in tournaments
Authors: Hanson Denis , Moon John W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA weakening arc of an irreducible tournament is an arc whose reversal creates a reducible tournament. We consider properties of such arcs and derive recurrence relations for enumerating strong tournaments with no such arcs, one or more such arcs, and exactly one such arc. We also give some asymptotic results on the numbers of such tournaments, among other things. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 142–162, 2004
Toughness, minimum degree, and spanning cubic subgraphs
Authors: Bauer D. , Niessen T. , Schmeichel E. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractDegree conditions on the vertices of a t‐tough graph G (1 ≤ t < 3) are presented which ensure the existence of a spanning cubic subgraph in G. These conditions are best possible to within a small additive constant for every fixed rational t ∈[1,4/3)∪[2,8/3). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 119–141, 2004
s‐Regular cubic graphs as coverings of the complete bipartite graph K3,3
Authors: Feng Yan‐Quan , Kwak Jin Ho 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA graph is s‐regular if its automorphism group acts freely and transitively on the set of s‐arcs. An infinite family of cubic 1‐regular graphs was constructed in [10], as cyclic coverings of the three‐dimensional Hypercube. In this paper, we classify the s‐regular cyclic coverings of the complete bipartite graph K3,3 for each ≥ 1 whose fibre‐preserving automorphism subgroups act arc‐transitively. As a result, a new infinite family of cubic 1‐regular graphs is constructed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 101–112, 2004
Characterization of graphs with hall number 2
Authors: Eslahchi Changiz , Johnson Matthew 
Published: December 2003

AbstractHall's condition is a simple requirement that a graph G and list assignment L must satisfy if G is to have a proper L‐colouring. The Hall number of G is the smallest integer m such that whenever the lists on the vertices each has size at least m and Hall's condition is satisfied a proper L‐colouring exists. Hilton and P.D. Johnson introduced the parameter and showed that a graph has Hall number 1 if and only if every block is a clique. In this paper we give a forbidden‐induced‐subgraph characterization of graphs with Hall number 2. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 45: 81–100, 2004
Isoform‐specific knockout of FE65 leads to impaired learning and memory
Authors: Wang Baiping , Hu Qubai , Hearn Mark G. , Shimizu Kimiko , Ware Carol B. , Liggitt Dennis H. , Jin Lee‐Way , Cool Bethany H. , Storm Daniel R. , Martin George M. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractFE65 is a multimodular adapter protein that is expressed predominantly in brain. Its C‐terminal phosphotyrosine interaction domain (PID) binds to the intracellular tail of the β‐amyloid precursor protein (βPP), a protein of central importance to the pathogenesis of dementias of the Alzheimer type. To study the physiological functions of FE65, we generated a line of FE65 knockout mice via gene targeting. By Western analysis with a panel of FE65‐specific antibodies, we demonstrate that the 97‐kDa full‐length FE65 (p97) was ablated in the mutant mice, and that a previously undescribed FE65 isoform with apparent molecular mass of 60 kDa (p60) was expressed in both wild‐type and mutant mice. p60 had a truncated N‐terminus and was likely to be generated through alternative translation. Expressions of the two isoforms appeared to be brain region distinct and age dependent. The p97FE65–/– mice were viable and showed no obvious physical impairments or histopathological abnormalities. However, p97FE65–/– and p97FE65+/– mice exhibited poorer performances than wild‐type mice on a passive avoidance task when tested at 14 months (P < .05). p97FE65–/– mice at 14 months also exhibited impaired hidden‐platform acquisition (P < .05) and a severe reversal‐learning deficit (P < .002) but normal visual‐platform acquisition in the Morris water maze tests. Probe trials confirmed impairments in p97FE65–/– mice in relearning of new spatial information, suggesting a hippocampus‐dependent memory‐extinction deficit. Reduced secretion of Aβ peptides was observed in primary neuronal cultures of hybrids of p97FE65–/–/βPP transgenic (Tg2576) mice. These studies suggest an important and novel function of FE65 in learning and memory. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic structure, cochlear expression, and mutation screening of KCNK6, a candidate gene for DFNA4
Authors: Mhatre Anand N. , Li Jiang , Chen Arthur F. , Yost C. Spencer , Smith Richard J.H. , Kindler Christoph H. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractKCNK6 encodes a tandem pore domain potassium channel, TWIK‐2, that maps to chromosome 19. Both STS and linkage maps established KCNK6 as a positional candidate gene for DFNA4, a form of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss. Identification and characterization of Kcnk6 expression within the mammalian cochlea established the gene as a functional candidate for DFNA4. Identification of Twik‐2 expression in the mouse cochlea was initially established via RT‐PCR assay of cochlear RNA. Subsequent immunoblot analysis of cochlear homogenate yielded a distinct 35‐kDa band corresponding to the calculated molecular weight of the mouse Twik‐2. Immunohistochemical studies localized Twik‐2 expression in the cochlea predominantly within the stria vascularis. This vascular tissue borders the cochlear duct and is a critical regulator of potassium concentration in the endolymph. Genomic structure of TWIK‐2 was subsequently determined and shown to consist of three coding exons with splice acceptor and donor sites in accordance with the consensus GT‐AG rule. Two separate DFNA4 families were screened for KCNK6 sequence alterations. No mutations were found, thus excluding TWIK‐2 as the DFNA4 candidate disease gene. Nevertheless, expression of Twik‐2 within the stria vascularis suggests a potential role for this protein as one of the terminal components of the potassium ion‐recycling pathway that contributes toward its reabsorption into the endolymph. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design of a modified meander‐type microstrip patch antenna in the 5‐GHZ band
Authors: Yoon Joong‐Han , Jeong Gyey‐Teak , Kang Moon‐Kyou , Lee Hwa Choon , Kwak Kyung‐Sup 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper, the characteristics of a modified meander‐type antenna for broadband impedance bandwidth are investigated in the 5‐GHz band. The design is based on a modified meander‐line width in a finite‐sized ground with coaxial SMA feeding. The modified meander‐type microstrip patch antenna is able to achieve an impedance bandwidth of about 1.0 GHz or 17.5% for a VSWR of less than 2. Radiation patterns are broad across the pass band. The gain is measured 7.3–9.5 dBi. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 181–183, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11322
Determination of complex permittivity with neural networks and FDTD modeling
Authors: Eves E. Eugene , Kopyt Paweł , Yakovlev Vadim V. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA simple novel cavity‐independent method of determination of dielectric properties of arbitrarily shaped materials is presented. Complex permittivity is reconstructed using a neural networking procedure matching the measured and FDTD‐modeled frequency characteristics of the reflection coefficient. High accuracy and practical suitability are demonstrated through numerical testing and determination of dielectric properties of fresh and saline water at 915 MHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 183–188, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11323
Combline filters using periodically loaded resonators
Authors: Shen Guohua , Budimir Djuradj 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel combline filter using periodically loaded resonators. A resonator with a periodic N‐disk mounted onto its inner conductor is used as novel combline resonator. A significantly improvedQfactor is achieved within the same volume of the conventional combline resonator. An example of a two‐pole combline filter is designed. Simulation and experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 189–191, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11324
Analysis and determination of coupling efficiency and misalignment tolerances between a laser diode and a conically lensed fiber
Authors: Faidz A. R. , Mishra V. N. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this paper, we present a simple analysis, utilising the ABCD transformation matrix method, to analyze and determine the coupling efficiency and misalignment tolerances between a laser diode and a conically lensed fibre. The calculated and measured results, that is, the coupling efficiencies and transverse misalignments, were compared for microlenses etched at 20, 30, and 40 min. The calculated results agree well with the measured values. The angular misalignments are also calculated to determine their tolerances. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 191–195, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11325
Edge instability elimination of GaAs/ALGaAs MQW avalanche transit time oscillators by p+ substrate
Authors: Meng C. C. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe p+ substrate plays an important role on the edge stability of p+n multiquantum well avalanche transit time devices. The p+n multiquantum well avalanche transit time devices on n+ substrate easily burn out along the device edge at low breakdown current. The same structure on p+ substrate can have the desired band diagram on device edge to eliminate edge burn‐out and CW operation is thus achieved at 100.3 GHz. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 196–197, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11326
Development of EQM (engineering qualified model) local oscillator for KA‐band satellite transponder
Authors: Ryu Keun‐Kwan , Lee Moon‐Que , Yom In‐Bok , Lee Seong‐Pal 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA low‐phase‐noise engineering qualified model (EQM) local oscillator (LO) has been developed for a Ka‐band satellite transponder. A voltage controlled dielectric resonator oscillator (VCDRO) is designed using a high‐impedance inverter coupled with a dielectric resonator to improve the phase‐noise performances. This EQM LO was made as an environmental experiment for space application and applied to a Ka‐band satellite transponder of the EQM level. The LO has harmonic suppression characteristics above 53 dBc and output power of 14.0 dBm ± 0.17 dB over the temperature range of −15–+65°C. The phase noise characteristics are exhibited as −102.33 dBc/Hz at 10 KHz and −114.33 dBc/Hz at 100‐KHz offset frequencies, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 198–200, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11327
3D‐FDTD‐PML analysis of left‐handed metamaterials
Authors: Correia Davi , Jin Jian‐Ming 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe increasing interest in negative‐index metamaterials requires a formulation capable of a full analysis of wave propagation in such materials. Since two‐dimensional (2D) problems have been largely explored in the literature, the natural step is a three‐dimensional (3D) formulation of a metamaterial. In this work, we present a simulation of a left‐handed metamaterial using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method in conjunction with perfectly matched layers (PMLs). First, we develop a PML to work with a Drude medium model. Then we apply our formulation to a 3D domain and compare our results with 2D problems. Finally, we simulate a dipole on the top of a metamaterial slab, presenting the field distribution in three different directions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 201–205, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11328
Proposed OCDMA encoders and decoders based on silica‐on‐silicon integrated optics
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Guo , Wen Yumei , Li Ping 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA new scheme is proposed for fixed and tunable optical code‐division multiple‐access (OCDMA) encoders and decoders, which can be implemented by using silica‐on‐silicon integrated optics to achieve both low loss and compactness. The feasible architectures for OCDMA encoder/decoder are discussed, and the conceptual design is also presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 205–209, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11329
Magnetic wall from slotted screens and a ground plane
Authors: Sauviac B. , Simovski C. R. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractIn this work we study the potential to decrease the resonant frequency of a high‐impedance surface (HIS) formed by a periodically slotted screen and a metal ground plane for the case in which the structure's horizontal period and vertical thickness are fixed. The slotted screens, whose slits are shaped as Jerusalem crosses (JCs) have been studied in the literature as uniplanar photonic band‐gap (PBG) structures for surface waves and as the HIS (when the ground plane is added). We modify the geometry of the slit for the fixed period and show that this leads to a certain decrease in the resonant frequency, which means that the proposed structure can be used as a magnetic wall at lower frequencies. Also, we show that our modification allows the structure thickness for a fixed grid period and resonant frequency to decrease by 30%. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 209–211, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11330
Improved predistorter for GaAs FET power amplifier
Authors: Lo Wai Keung , Chan Wing Shing , Li Chung Wai 
Published: December 2003

AbstractLinearization of the gate‐source capacitance in a GaAs FET, realized by using a varactor diode, tends to offer limited improvement. This paper presents a method to allow more flexibility due to the addition of a resistor in series with the linearizing varactor diode. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 211–213, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11331
Using tunable coherent reflectometry to optimize ER‐doped L‐band amplifiers
Authors: Costa e Silva M. B. , von der Weid J. P. , Margulis W. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThe use of tunable coherent reflectometry is an efficient technique to characterize doped‐fiber amplifiers. This technique is used to perform tests with EDF in the L band, thus permitting the determination of optimum length. The results confirm that some known structures increase the small‐signal gain by adding a seed signal in a single pump‐fiber amplifier. The analyzed fiber presented 23.5‐dB flat gain from 1570 to 1600 nm, which was obtained by introducing a flat ∼100% Bragg grating covering the C‐band before the Er‐doped fiber in a single pump/pass configuration. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 213–216, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11332
Characterization and fabrication of InGaAsP/InP deep‐etched micro‐waveguides
Authors: Beaurain A. , Dupont S. , Li H. W. , Vilcot J. P. , Legrand C. , Harari J. , Constant M. , Decoster D. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractInGaAsP/InP micro‐waveguides are fabricated by a deep (>3 μm) Reactive Ion Etching. The devices losses are measured by the Fabry–Perot technique for guide width contained between 10 μm and 0.5 μm. The measured losses range from 2 dB/mm to 14 dB/mm. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 216–218, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11333
Ku‐band printed quadrifilar helical antenna with integrated feeding network
Authors: Letestu Y. , Sharaiha A. 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThis paper presents an integrally formed printed quadrifilar helical antenna (PQHA) and balun‐fed network combination for satellite communication systems in Ku‐band. At this frequency band, we demonstrate that the antenna can be simply realized and will demonstrate good radiation characteristics. Analysis of this antenna is achieved by the FDTD method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 219–221, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11334
A new reflection coefficient modulus method for broadband matching problems
Authors: Su Tao , Liang Changhong , Shi Yan 
Published: December 2003

AbstractThere are many engineering problems currently in practice in which the phase of reflection coefficient is unknown or varies. This paper presents a reflection coefficient theory for lossless broadband matching networks and describes its limitations and band inequalities. An example matching problem is given in the end of the paper. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 221–224, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11335
Physical modeling of a novel barrier‐enhanced quantum‐well photodetector device for optical receivers
Authors: Tait Gregory B. , Nabet Bahram 
Published: December 2003

AbstractA novel barrier‐enhanced InGaAs/InAlAs quantum‐well MSM photodetector with recessed electrodes is shown to be a promising high‐sensitivity, high‐speed device for optical receivers. Carrier transport simulations indicate very low, dark current at 10−6 A/m and electrical 3‐dB bandwidth at 50 GHz for a 1‐μm finger‐gap device. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 224–227, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11336
Reducing the effects of ambient noise light in an indoor optical wireless system using polarizers
Authors: Lee Seong‐Ho 
Published: December 2003

AbstractTwo linear orthogonal polarizers are used to reduce the effects of ambient noise light in an indoor optical wireless receiver. Using a differential detector coupled with orthogonal polarizers, the interference arising from a fluorescent lamp driven by electronic ballasts is reduced by about 15 dB. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 228–231, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11337