bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coaxially Electrocentrifugally Spun Ciprofloxacin/Paclitaxel‐Loaded Pullulan/PLGA Core/Sheath Nanofibers and Their In Vitro Cytotoxic Efficacy Toward Melanoma Cells
Authors: Das Kuhelika , Xu Huaizhong , Gu Jincheng , Sakurai Shinichi , Tiwari Vikas , Banerjee Sanjay K. , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of ciprofloxacin (CIP)/paclitaxel (PTX)‐loaded pullulan/poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) core/sheath nanofibers using the highly efficient coaxial electrocentrifugal spinning (ECS) technique. In contrast to conventional coaxial electrospinning, the in‐house developed coaxial ECS setup used in this study effectively tackled the nozzle cleaning issue. In this study, core/sheath nanofibers with varying core‐to‐sheath ratio were fabricated, demonstrating suitable mechanical properties for use in biomedical applications. The primary objective was to determine the effect of core‐to‐sheath ratio on mechanical properties and dual drug release kinetics of the nanofibers. Additionally, the in vitro drug release study demonstrated simultaneous release profiles of CIP from the core and PTX from the sheath. The nanofibers exhibited initial burst release of 6 h, followed by controlled release, making them suitable for targeted therapeutic applications. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated enhanced cytotoxic efficacy of the combination of CIP and PTX toward human melanoma A375 cells. The dual drug‐loaded 23G/1 mm and 21G/1 mm nanofibers demonstrated 65.37% ± 1.96% and 67.82% ± 1.31% melanoma cell viability after 72 h, indicating significant cytotoxicity. This further highlights the possible potentiality of the nanofibers toward melanoma treatment and their application as dual drug delivery systems with tunable drug release properties.
Alginate‐Based Hydrogel Nanocomposites With CuS Nanoparticles Incorporation for NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy of Melanoma and Wound Healing
Authors: Yin Xiuzhao , Fan Taojian , Zheng Nannan , Yang Jing , Ji Tao , Yan Li , He Shuqing , Ai Fujin , Hu Junqing 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCopper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) is a promising and efficient photothermal agent, which is widely utilized for cancer therapy. Thus, hyperstable CuS NPs with strong absorbance in second near infrared (NIR‐II) biowindow were prepared by solvent thermal method, which demonstrated good stability and biocompatibility, with deeper tissue penetration of NIR‐II light for photothermal therapy in comparison to that of first near infrared (NIR‐I) biowindow. Subsequently, CuS@Hydrogel was constructed by incorporation of CuS NPs in Ca2+ ions crosslinked sodium alginate to form three‐dimension hydrogel. CuS NPs are homogeneously dispersed in CuS@Hydrogel nanocomposite with the advantages of good photothermal properties and low toxicity. CuS@Hydrogel can effectively treat postoperative melanoma with wound healing ability through the function of photothermal effect. The photo‐induced thermal effect can efficaciously contribute to the elimination of residual tumor tissue. Furthermore, the hydrogel composite can also accelerate to cure the wound of mice due to the surgical removal of tumor. This novel biofunctional hydrogel platform can provide a significant candidate for the inhibition of local tumor recurrence and skin regeneration after surgical treatment of melanoma.
Development and Application of Utility Operating Metrics for Customer Affordability
Authors: Matichich Mike , Green Zachary , Crea Joe , Berahzer Stacey Isaac , Rothstein Eric P. , Roth Frank 
Published: January 2025

Key TakeawaysA challenging balance must be struck for utilities between providing water for public health and keeping water providers financially afloat with fairness to all ratepayers.Several operating metrics are available to help utilities better address water affordability by analyzing customer financial data in real time.Reporting affordability metrics supports utilities, and the water industry broadly, in identifying struggling communities and responding to key trends affecting them.
Ultrahochfester Beton für die Instandsetzung und Verstärkung von Brücken
Authors: Schmidt Michael , Leutbecher Torsten , Fehling Ekkehard , Middendorf Bernhard 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEine zunehmende Zahl an Straßenbrücken in Deutschland weist Defizite hinsichtlich Standsicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit auf. Ein Ersatz der Bauwerke durch Neubauten ist kostenintensiv und bindet erhebliche materielle und personelle Ressourcen, die angesichts der Größe der zu bewältigenden Aufgabe in dem notwendigen Umfang kaum zur Verfügung stehen werden. Wie ein Blick in die Nachbarländer zeigt, stellt die Instandsetzung bzw. Verstärkung von Brückenüberbauten mittels dünner bewehrter Deckschichten aus ultrahochfestem Beton (UHFB) eine kostengünstige und dauerhafte Alternative zum Ersatzneubau dar. Die besondere Eignung von UHFB für dieses Einsatzgebiet resultiert aus der Dichtigkeit seines Gefüges und seines Widerstands gegen jede Form chemischen und physikalischen Angriffs, sodass UHFB ohne weitere Schutzmaßnahmen auch im Fahrbahnbereich eingesetzt werden kann. Darin und in seinen mechanischen Eigenschaften unterscheidet sich UHFB grundlegend von normalfestem und hochfestem Beton. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags werden die vielfältigen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von UHFB im Brückenbestand vorgestellt und seine besonderen stofflichen Eigenschaften erläutert. Der vorliegende zweite Beitragsteil behandelt die Herstellung des UHFB, die Bauausführung und die Qualitätssicherung. Wie bei Teil 1 können die Informationen als Grundlage für eine Zustimmung im Einzelfall, für die Entwicklung oder Ergänzung technischer Regelwerke und für die Gestaltung des Bauvertrags genutzt werden.
Antibacterial hydrogel: The sniper of chronic wounds
Authors: Bian Shengtai , Ye Huijun , Wang Pan , Li Changxing , Guo Xutao , Guan Ming , Feng Shilun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChronic wounds are wounds that are difficult to heal or do not follow the normal healing process. These include pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers, and arterial incomplete ulcers. Unlike acute wounds, chronic wounds are often difficult to heal or even do not heal. Its pathogenesis involves many factors; bacterial infection is the main cause of chronic wound. With the increase in population aging, the incidence of chronic wounds has become a critical issue in the current medical and health field. Management of chronic wounds is faced with the problems of long treatment time, difficulty, high cost, repeated attacks and high disability rate, which seriously threaten patients' ability to take care of themselves in normal life and cause a heavy burden to individuals, families and society. Over the past few years, the development of antibacterial hydrogels for the treatment of bacterial infections has received a lot of attention. Since antibacterial hydrogels not only have the mechanical properties of hydrogels, high biocompatibility and adjustable functional structure, but also have excellent antibacterial properties, they may be an ideal dressing to solve the problem of chronic wound healing. This article introduces the types of chronic wounds, their healing characteristics, and the challenges faced in treating chronic wounds. It classifies antimicrobial hydrogels based on their antimicrobial modes and further discusses the advancements in smart antimicrobial hydrogels along with the benefits and obstacles of using antimicrobial hydrogels in the treatment of chronic wounds. This article also explores the development directions of antimicrobial hydrogels for chronic wound management.
In‐line prediction of viability and viable cell density through machine learning‐based soft sensor modeling and an integrated systems approach: An industrially relevant PAT case study
Authors: Suman Sneha , Murr Michaela , Crowe Jacob , Holt Spencer , Morris Jakob , Yongky Andrew , McElearney Kyle , Bolton Glen 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe biopharmaceutical industry is shifting toward employing digital analytical tools for improved understanding of systems biology data and production of quality products. The implementation of these technologies can streamline the manufacturing process by enabling faster responses, reducing manual measurements, and building continuous and automated capabilities. This study discusses the use of soft sensor models for prediction of viability and viable cell density (VCD) in CHO cell culture processes by using in‐line optical density and permittivity sensors. A significant innovation of this study is the development of a simplified empirical model and adoption of an integrated systems approach for in‐line viability prediction. The initial evaluation of this viability model demonstrated promising accuracy with 96% of the residuals within a ±5% error limit and a Final Day mean absolute percentage error of ≤5% across various scales and process conditions. This model was integrated with a VCD prediction model utilizing Gaussian Process Regressor with Matern Kernel (nu = 0.5), selected from over a hundred advanced machine learning techniques. This VCD prediction model had an R2 of 0.92 with 89% predictions within ±10% error and significantly outperformed the commonly used partial least squares regression models. The results validated the use of these models for real‐time in‐line prediction of viability and VCD and highlighted the potential to substantially reduce reliance on labor‐intensive discrete offline measurements. The integration of these innovative technologies aligns with regulatory guidelines and establishes a foundation for further advancements in the biomanufacturing industry, promising improved process control, efficiency, and compliance with quality standards.
Harnessing cell aggregates for enhanced adeno‐associated virus manufacturing: Cultivation strategies and scale‐up considerations
Authors: Ladd Brian , Gräslund Torbjörn , Chotteau Véronique 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe possibility to produce recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) by adherent HEK293T cells was studied in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) culture of cell aggregates. A proof‐of‐concept of rAAV production was successfully demonstrated in a process where single cells were first expanded, then cell aggregates were formed by dilution into a different medium 1 day before triple plasmid transfection was conducted. An alternative approach for the STR inoculation using a seed taken from a high cell density perfusion (HCDP) culture was also investigated. It was, however, found that the spent medium of the HCDP inhibited the transfection of HEK293T cell aggregates, which was confirmed when testing with single‐cell suspension culture. The formation of aggregates in shaken multi‐well plates was also investigated to develop a screening system using the average power input as a scale‐down criterion, which revealed that cell aggregates could be generated in 12‐well plates, however with a larger size than in a STR. Taking into account the reported higher rAAV production of adherent cells in comparison with single cells for triple‐plasmid transfection, HEK293T cell aggregates can possibly surpass single‐cell suspension in space–time rAAV yield. The formation of HEK293T cell aggregates in a STR system offers a promising approach for scaling up and intensifying rAAV production by triple‐plasmid transfection, in comparison with traditional 2D scale‐up methods.
In silico optimization of a challenging bispecific antibody chromatography step
Authors: Bencze Zsófia , Hahn Tobias , Kornmann Henri , Graf Pia , Trunzer Tatjana 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMechanistic modeling of chromatographic steps is an effective tool in biopharma process development that enhances process understanding and accelerates optimization efforts and subsequent risk assessment. A relatively new model for ion exchange chromatography is the colloidal particle adsorption (CPA) formalism, which promises improved separation of material and molecule‐specific parameters. This case study demonstrates a straightforward CPA modeling workflow to describe an ion exchange chromatography polishing step of a knobs‐into‐holes construct bispecific antibody molecule. An adapted Yamamoto method was used to calculate charge and equilibrium parameters at three pH values. The remaining model parameters, binding kinetics, and effective mass transfer coefficients were determined via inverse fitting. The model was created from six experiments in total, tested on model parameter uncertainty, and evaluated on its power to predict changes in the biomolecule's retention behavior when variations in elution salt concentration occur. Finally, a three‐step‐gradient experiment was optimized, separating the desired bispecific antibody from its low and high molecular weight impurities, achieving a monomer yield of 68% and purity of 96%. Testing the model against a different load composition demonstrated its ability to extrapolate. An in silico one‐factor‐at‐time and two‐parameter screening of the optimized method identified the salt concentration to elute weaker binding impurities as a critical process attribute, while deviations in the buffer pH had a minor influence.
A design space for the filtration of challenging monoclonal antibodies using Planova™ S20N, a new regenerated cellulose virus removal filter
Authors: Inoue Asami , Murakami Satoshi , Futamura Akika , Watanabe Naoto , Masuda Yumiko 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVirus removal by filtration is a crucial step in ensuring the safety of therapeutic antibodies and other biopharmaceutical products by mitigating the risk of endogenous and adventitious viral contamination. However, there are monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that are difficult to filter effectively using virus removal filters (i.e., challenging mAbs), necessitating the creation of guidelines for designing suitable filtration conditions for these challenging molecules. This study presents a filtration design space for filtration conditions using a new regenerated cellulose membrane filter with a representative challenging mAb. The filter demonstrated that filtration throughput is adaptable across a wide range of conditions for low to medium mAb concentrations, indicating its suitability for introduction into platform processes for related biopharmaceutical products.
Allergen sensitization patterns: Allergic rhinitis with multimorbidity versus alone—A real‐world study
Authors: Li Ya‐Ting , Ye Qi‐Qing , Lu Ya‐Xin , Yang Ke‐Xin , Zhang Ping‐Ping , Chen Chang , Zhou Min , Feng Pei‐Ying , Chen Zhuang‐Gui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) multimorbidity may need to be considered a specific disease because of distinct clinical and immunological differences from AR alone. Allergic multimorbidity often involves polysensitization, where allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a significant role.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore differences in allergen IgE sensitization patterns between AR alone and AR multimorbidity.MethodsA real‐world case‐control study was conducted with patients diagnosed with AR. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed the associations between AR multimorbidity and allergen sensitivity, allergen‐specific IgE levels, and the count of positive allergens.ResultsA cohort of 2275 patients with AR was included, of which 1100 (48.4%) presented with AR alone, while 1175 (51.6%) exhibited AR multimorbidity. Patients with AR multimorbidity had a more diverse allergen profile than those with AR alone. An increased number of positive ingested allergens had a higher odds ratio (OR) for AR multimorbidity compared with inhaled allergens (1.46 vs. 1.96) across all phenotypes. Sensitization to allergens and their allergen‐specific IgE levels, including dust mites, cat dander, and milk (p < 0.05), were associated with AR multimorbidity. In children, cat and dog dander were significant allergens associated with AR multimorbidity (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAllergen sensitization patterns in AR multimorbidity differ from those in AR alone. Polysensitization, particularly to ingested allergens, increases the risk of allergic multimorbidity. The risk of allergic multimorbidity also increases with specific allergen positivity and higher allergen‐specific IgE levels.
Systematic Review on 1,2,3‐Oxadiazoles, 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles, and 1,2,5‐Oxadiazoles in the Antimycobacterial Drug Discovery
Authors: Kučerová‐Chlupáčová Marta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTuberculosis remains a leading global health threat, exacerbated by the emergence of multi‐drug‐resistant strains. The search for novel therapeutic agents is critical in addressing this challenge. This review systematically summarizes the potential of oxadiazole derivatives as promising candidates in antimycobacterial drug discovery. We focus on various classes of oxadiazoles, especially 1,2,3‐oxadiazoles, 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles, and 1,2,5‐s in structure‐activity relationship studies are discussed, emphasizing the mechanisms of antimycobacterial action. Additionally, the synergistic potential of 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles in enhancing the efficacy of existing tuberculosis treatment with ethionamide is also discussed. By integrating insights from recent research, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of oxadiazoles in the fight against tuberculosis, paving the way for future investigations and the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
Form and load transfer aspects of foundation systems: Case‐based implementation and adaptation for buildings
Authors: Eslami Abolfazl , Ebrahimipour Amirhossein , Imani Meysam , Imam Reza , Mo Pinqiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConventionally, foundations have been classified as shallow or deep in routine civil engineering practice. However, due to recent developments, two other approaches, semi‐deep and ground modification foundations, are now available, complicating foundation categorization. Accordingly, a new concept for foundation categorization is introduced in this paper based on insights into the theory of structure analysis. Based on the form aspect, foundation systems can be categorized as one‐dimensional (linear), two‐dimensional (planar), and three‐dimensional (volumetric). Based on the load transfer aspect, foundations can also be categorized as vector‐acting (piles), section or surface‐acting (rafts and shells), and block‐acting (piled rafts). As a step toward implementing this new categorization scheme, a database of 22 cases has been compiled, symbolizing novel introduced foundation systems. This compilation involves structures such as offshore jackets, high‐rise buildings, towers and storages, and diverse geomaterials. Among them, a few have been selected for detailed evaluation, emphasizing influential factors in foundation selection, comprising superstructure, subsoil condition, foundation system, circumferential conditions, and supplementary considerations, that is, constructional and sustainability‐based issues. Lessons learned from experience and these knowledge‐based cases have described for foundation selection and implementation. Geotechnical and practical aspects with critical components have been realized as major performance assessment and comparison factors. Foundation systems have been compared and ranked using the improved analytic hierarchy process approach. Finally, four categories of buildings, from low‐rise to towers and four prevailing levels of soil strength, from soft to very hard, have been considered to propose a perspective for building substructure implementation, adapted via relevant cases. Overall, the introduced categorization is recognized as an efficient algorithm for the experimentation of appropriate foundations for specific structures and subsoil conditions.
Detecting Forest‐Wetland Changes in Northwestern Canada's Discontinuous Permafrost Region Using Landsat Trend Analysis
Authors: Carpino Olivia , Wright Stephanie , Guo Jiaao , van der Sluijs Jurjen , Connon Ryan , Quinton William 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRapid circumpolar warming has led to accelerated permafrost thaw that has induced extensive landscape change in northwestern Canada. In northwestern Canada's discontinuous permafrost zone, forest‐dominated peatland landscapes, which were largely underlain by permafrost, are transitioning to treeless, wetland‐dominated landscapes that are permafrost‐free. Previous studies that focused on permafrost thaw‐induced landscape transitions in boreal peatlands have used aerial photographs and/or high‐resolution satellite images acquired only at end nodes or decadal intervals across each study's time frame. This study uses a dense near‐annual resolution of mosaicked Landsat imagery to determine if changes can be detected to peatland landscapes over a 37‐year period for 10 study sites across a latitudinal transect through the southern Northwest Territories and northern British Columbia, Canada. Tasselled cap (TC) transformations (brightness, greenness and wetness) are applied to the Landsat imagery and compared with forest cover changes (1970–2010) derived from high resolution areal imagery to visually assess the performance of this method in revealing forest‐wetland changes driven by permafrost thaw. While methods based on Landsat TC trends have been successfully applied in northwestern Canada with forest fires and mass wasting, this study explores pixel trends as well as time series for more gradual thaw‐induced changes across peat plateaus, collapse scar wetlands and channel fens. This study demonstrates that TC transformations can be used to determine differing brightness, greenness and wetness trajectories for individual landcovers within permafrost peatlands (i.e., forest, collapse scar wetland and fen). However, the subtle and non‐monotonic landcover and hydrologic changes resulting from decades of permafrost thaw can be more challenging to detect. At the regional scale, widespread spectral greening was observed that was not solely indicative of forest cover or density increases, whereby TC trends were not consistent with expected permafrost thaw‐induced landscape changes. This work suggests that TC transformations may be limited in use for assessing broad‐scale effects of gradual permafrost thaw processes that occur at high temporal and spatial frequencies.
Influence of Pond System on Surface Temperature and Urban Cooling
Authors: Nguyen Quang‐Viet , Thi Viet Huong‐Do 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA greener city is an emerging tendency for urban managers to deal with ongoing urbanization and climate change. One natural‐based solution gaining prominence is the incorporation of blue spaces, such as ponds, to regulate microclimates and alleviate urban heat island effects. The study focuses on investigating the inherent properties of a pond system, including morphological characteristics and environmental indicators that influence pond surface temperature (PST). Additionally, the study explores the cooling effects of the pond system, examining both the extent and intensity of cooling. To conduct this analysis, data on land surface temperature and land use/land cover types are extracted from Landsat‐8 and Sentinel‐2 images, respectively. The study, encompassing 709 ponds, reveals that the perimeter edge predominantly influences the PST (β = −0.857) while the area and shape ratio moderately affect the PST (β = 0.259 and 0.296, respectively). Moreover, mean elevation demonstrates a reducing effect on the PST (β = −0.214). The study utilizes polynomial regression and the concept of the first turning point to identify two critical cooling indicators of the pond system. Consequently, the cooling extent is defined at 140 m and the intensity at 2.7°C. These indicators offer valuable insights into the inherent properties influencing PST and contribute to the understanding of cooling mechanisms in the pond system. The implications of these findings extend to urban planning, particularly in the realm of blue space design, where the evidence presented can guide strategies to tackle the impacts of urbanization and climate change.