bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Rehabilitation Interventions in Patients at Risk of Poorer Outcomes Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karimijashni Motahareh , Yoo Samantha , Barnes Keely , Lessard‐Dostie Héloïse , Dabbagh Armaghan , Ramsay Tim , Poitras Stéphane 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThis systematic review evaluated the efficacy of postoperative rehabilitation for patients at risk of poorer outcomes after total knee arthroplasty.MethodsSix databases were searched, and only randomised controlled trials were included. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and appraised the quality of the studies.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included. Insufficient evidence supports cognitive behavioural therapy for patients with kinesiophobia, while continuous passive motion may not be effective for range of motion deficits. The impact of exercise therapy on functional recovery is conflicting; however, longer durations tend to be more effective for older patients and those with functional limitations. Limited evidence suggests that exercise may not alleviate pain. Outpatient exercise therapy improves health‐related quality of life more than home‐based programs for older patients and those with functional limitations. The efficacy of other rehabilitation aspects remains inconclusive due to high heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures, and high or unclear risk of bias in most studies.ConclusionWhile limited evidence suggests benefits for specific rehabilitation interventions, there is insufficient data to assess the efficacy of most interventions on postoperative recovery in those at risk of poorer outcomes. More robust evidence is needed to guide clinical practice and standardise outcome measures.Trail RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42022355574
Tetra‐needle like ZnO whisker doped graphene composites for radar/infrared compatible stealth properties
Authors: Guo Xingcheng , Zhou Xinghai , Gao Yuan , Qian Yongfang , Wang Gang , Lyu Lihua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe combination of radar stealth and infrared (IR) stealth technology has emerged as the main focus of contemporary stealth technology research due to the diversification of detector functions and increased detection accuracy. In this paper, Tetra‐needle like ZnO whisker/graphene(T‐ZnOw/G) composites with excellent radar/IR stealth performance were prepared by simple physical mixing. T‐ZnOw had excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing properties due to its special tetragonal needle like and could improve the impedance matching of the composites by mixing with an appropriate amount of graphene, which enhances the interfacial polarization and improves the EMW absorption performance of the composite material. Upon adjusting the mass ratio of T‐ZnOw/G/paraffin composites, it was discovered that when T‐ZnOw/G the ratio was set at 1:4, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) was −41.30 dB. Additionally, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 3.36 GHz, and the impedance matching was as high as 0.98. The radar cross sections (RCS) of T‐ZnOw/G/paraffin composites were less than −10 dBm2, indicating that the composites had some radar absorbing stealth. In IR stealth, due to the low emissivity of T‐ZnOw and the thermal camouflage ability of graphene, the temperature difference between T‐ZnOw/G/epoxy resin composite and the surrounding environment was only 2.5°C after 5 min of IR radiation at 80°C heating platform, and it had certain thermal camouflage ability on the human body, electronic equipment, and tank model. The materials demonstrated excellent radar and IR compatible stealth ability, providing a new idea for the realization of multiple stealth technology composite materials.Highlights
Development of radar/infrared (IR) compatible stealth composites.
T‐ZnOw needle contact graphene had excellent EMW absorption properties.
CST simulation simulates the stealth material RCS.
IR stealth application of stealth materials in different devices.
A Clinical Practice‐Based Comparison of Conventional and Individualized Dosing Strategies for Therapeutic Enoxaparin
Authors: Damiani Anthony , De Menezes Caceres Viviane , Roberts Greg , Coddo Jessica , Scarfo Nicholas , Willliams Desmond B. , Tharmathurai Vinosshini , Tadros Rami , Fitzgerald Stephen , O'Connell Alice , Kaur Sandhu Amrit , Vanlint Andrew , Mangoni Arduino A. , Hofmann Dirk , Bony Hosam , Faunt Jeff , Boey Jir Ping , Farinola Nicholas , Wells Rachel , Hedger Stephen , Hewage Udul , Sharma Yogesh , Jabbar Zuhair , Thomas Josephine , Flabouris Katerina , Gilbert Toby , Thompson Campbell , Russell Patrick 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo understand differences in anti‐factor‐Xa levels produced by two different dosing strategies (conventional and individualized) for therapeutic enoxaparin in a cohort of hospital inpatients. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study over a two‐ and a half‐year period for inpatients with stable renal function and on therapeutic enoxaparin. Anti‐factor‐Xa levels were taken 3–5 h after enoxaparin administration and a minimum of 48 h of dosing. The final analysis included 278 patients from five hospitals: conventional dosing was used for 141, while 137 were given an unconventional dose, that is, individualized for their renal function and weight. Out‐of‐range levels were frequent (35% to 40% of all inpatients). After adjustment for age, renal function, and body mass index (BMI), the conventional group was more likely to experience above‐range levels (> 1.0 IU/mL; OR 2.50 [95% CI 1.38–4.56], p < 0.003) than the individualized group. Individualized dosing was independently associated with higher odds of a below‐range anti‐Xa level (< 0.5 IU/mL) compared to conventional dosing (OR 2.27 [95% CI 1.07–4.76], p = 0.03). Within the conventional group, above‐range levels were significantly and independently associated with decreasing renal function (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.004) and with increasing BMI (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, p = 0.02). No such associations were seen with an individualized approach. Clinical event rates were low and not different between groups (p > 0.24). Conventional therapeutic dosing of enoxaparin exposed people with obesity or renal impairment to more frequent above‐range anti‐factor‐Xa levels; individualizing the dose could improve this but might expose people to subtherapeutic levels. More research is needed.
Dihydrotanshinone I Attenuates Diet‐Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Up‐Regulation of IRG1
Authors: Xiang Yang , Kuang Ge , Gong Xia , Xie Huang , Lin Yan , Zhang Xijian , Chen Zhongpei , Wan Jingyuan , Li Zhenhan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, but effective therapeutic drugs are still lacking. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS), a natural product isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has been shown to have ameliorative effects on NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of DHTS on NAFLD and its mechanism. A model of NAFLD and DHTS treatment was established using a Western diet to observe the effect of DHTS on NAFLD, which were detected by immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and other experiments. The mechanism was further explored by constructing immune responsive gene 1 (IRG1) knockout mice, RNA sequence, and molecular docking. The results revealed that DHTS significantly improved diet‐induced metabolic disorders in mice, notably alleviating liver inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Further analysis revealed that the intervention of DHTS was associated with the activation of IRG1. Subsequent experiments confirmed that IRG1 gene deletion reversed the above protective effects of DHTS in NAFLD. Mechanistically, DHTS enhanced the antioxidant nuclear factor–erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway through IRG1/itaconate and blocked the oxidative stress response in the liver. In addition, DHTS also inhibited the activation of NACHT‐, leucine‐rich repeat (LRR)–, and pyrin domain (PYD)–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome via IRG1/itaconate, blocking the inflammatory amplification effect in the liver. The study suggests that DHTS may be a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD, which exerts protective regulatory effects mainly through the IRG1/itaconate molecular pathway.
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Fatty Acids Composition Investigation of Natural Lipids: A Multidisciplinary Workshop
Authors: Pekov Stanislav I. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleTeaching mass spectrometry essentials is usually connected with one of the basic courses for undergrads. Thus, specific previous knowledge is required from students. However, the necessity of teaching mass spectrometry essentials to students of different academic specializations and multidisciplinary groups can arise in every academic group. A specific workshop is needed to address such a demand.MethodsThe presented workshop consisted of several thematic parts: assembling an ambient ionization ion source using improvised materials, preparing biological samples for analysis, data acquisition, and interpretation of data to solve a simple problem from the real world.ResultsThe first part of the work consisted of assembling an ambient ionization setup and obtaining mass spectra of substances from standard solutions, natural mixtures, and biological fluids such as saliva. The second half of the workshop consists of analyzing the composition of fatty acids of natural and artificial fats using the same ion source. The identification of oils is a simple model problem that makes the workshop attractive for attendees with different backgrounds.ConclusionsThe workshop provides students with practical skills that are highly valuable in fundamental and applied mass spectrometry. Students familiarize themselves with the basic concepts, instrument use, and mass spectra interpretation. They achieve basic hands‐on experience in experimentation procedures and the practice of using mass spectrometry to solve problems related to real life.
On Inclusion of Covariates in Model Based Dose Finding Clinical Trial Designs
Authors: Ollier Adrien , Mozgunov Pavel 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThere is a growing number of Phase I dose‐finding studies that use a model‐based approach, such as the CRM or the EWOC method to estimate the dose‐toxicity relationship. It is common to assume that all patients will have similar toxicity risk given the dose regardless of patients' individual characteristics. In many trials, however, some patients' covariates (e.g., a concomitant drug assigned by a clinician) might have an impact on the dose‐toxicity relationship. In this work, motivated by a real trial, we evaluate an impact of taking into account (or omitting) some patients' covariates on the individual target dose recommendations and patients' safety in Phase I model‐based dose‐finding study. We investigate several variable penalisation criteria and found that, for continuous and binary covariates, omitting a prognostic covariate leads to a drastically low proportion of correct selections and an increase of overdosing. At the same time, including a covariate can lead to good operating characteristics in all scenarios but can sometimes slightly decrease the proportion of good selections and increase the overdosing. To tackle this, we propose to use a Bayesian Lasso Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) and Spike‐and‐Slab BLRM. We have found that the BLRM coupled to the Bayesian LASSO and the BLRM with Spike‐and‐Slab are on average better appropriate to consider variable inclusion.
A Win–Win Strategy to Fabricate Multifunctional Doping Materials from Cationic Dyes and Negatively Charged Biomass (Cellulose Nanocrystals)
Authors: Zhao Zhonghua , Cao Yasong , Huang Haowen , Xu Jiatong , Shen Richao , Zeng Cheng , Lv Jiawei , Lei Ziqiang , Ma Hengchang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIf optical probes with different sensitivity could be performed simultaneously in their hard states (e.g., film), soft states (e.g., gel), and solution states, their sensing accuracy could be enhanced due to the highly mutual calibration. The biomass of cellulose nanocrystals is less compatible with commonly used organo‐fluorescent dyes and require chemical modification to improve their application performance, but this leads to the less‐effective material cost. In this work, depending on the electrostatic attractions between the negatively charged polymer matrix with cationic dyes, the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)‐based emissive membranes were prepared by vacuum filtration method. Then, the resulting materials were transformed into hydrogels, or dispersed into water solutions, or further absorbed into commercially available polymer spheres and filter papers, resulting in the optical devices with different states. It is worth mentioning that this preparation process does not require chemical modification of cellulose nanocrystals or the addition of organic dispersants, thus greatly reducing the material cost. Finally, the sensing behaviors toward several important stimuli, such as temperature, pollutants like Cr (VI) and pH changes, were successfully carried out. Overall, our research works highlighted a processable way to fabricate fluorescent, water‐dispersible, portable, long‐time‐storable, cost‐effective sensors to meet versatile application requirements.
Internal Nanocavity Regulation of Embedded Rare Earth Up‐Conversion Nanoparticles for H2O2 Production Operable at Up to 780 nm
Authors: Chong Ben , Ou Honghui , Xu Baorong , Jin Yu , Kou Song , Li He , Yang Guidong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSemiconductor photocatalysts embedded with rare earth upconversion nanoparticles (REUPs) are a promising strategy to improve their photoresponse range, but their photocatalytic performance within the near‐infrared (NIR) region is far from satisfactory. Here, a method is reported to improve the photocatalytic activity by adjusting the nanocavity of upconversion nanoparticles inside a semiconductor. Two types of CdS embedded with NaYF4:Yb,Er photocatalysts with core‐shell structure (no cavity) (NYE/CdS) and yolk‐shell structure (empty cavity) (NYE@CdS) are synthesized by different methods. Experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that the yolk‐shell structure NYE@CdS can enhance the local fluorescence‐induced electric field within the hollow cavity, and realize more effective energy transfer from REUPs to CdS. Notably, the H2O2 production performance of NYE@CdS reaches 0.33 mmol g−1 h−1 under NIR light irradiation (λ > 780 nm), exceeding most of the reported photocatalysts. This research will provide new ideas for the design of high‐efficiency photocatalysts for H2O2 production.
Regulating Charge Distribution in Porphyrin‐Based Polymer for Achieving Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to CH4 or C2H6
Authors: Guan Guo‐Wei , Zheng Su‐Tao , Zhang Li‐Ping , Liu Si‐Chao , Li Yi‐Tao , Jiang Yu , Ni Shuang , Fu Jia , Duan Pei‐Gao , Yang Qingyuan , Yang Qing‐Yuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into products such as CH4 and C2H6 poses a significant challenge due to the lengthy reaction steps and the high energy barrier involved. In this study, both benzothiadiazole (BTD) and hydroxyl groups (‐OH) are introduced into cobalt‐based polymerized porphyrinic network (PPN) through a C‐C coupling reaction. This modification of orbital energy levels that strengthens the ability of gain electrons and facilitates the charge transfer in PPN. Hydroxyl group largely enhances the ability for light response, while thiadiazole unit tunes the molecular orbital to proper energy level. By this way, BTD‐DBP‐PPN(Co) achieves the capability for CO2 conversion to CH4 and C2H6 under the irradiation of light. Co active site is introduced to reduce the energy barrier and facilitate the charge transfer. The reaction pathway for C2H6 production has been studied for further mechanism explanation. Overall, a series of cobalt‐based porphyrin centers with a donor–acceptor (D‐A) structure are designed and synthesized to enhance CO2 reduction performance and achieve the formation of C2 products under 300‐W Xe lamp irradiation.
Enhancing Diabetic Oral Wound Healing with miR‐132 Delivered Through Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructures
Authors: Zhou Qiangqiang , Zhou Mengqi , Yang Guofeng , Sui Xin , Li Changyi , Xu Huaxing , Liu Yuehua , Wei Xiaoling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOral mucosal injuries are commonly caused by factors such as trauma, infection, or inflammation, especially in diabetic patients where healing is difficult and significantly affects quality of life. In this study, a nanocarrier system based on DNA tetrahedrons (TDN) is developed, which serve as ideal vectors due to their excellent intracellular uptake and drug delivery capabilities. By efficiently delivering miR132 into cells, the proliferation and migration of human oral mucosal fibroblasts (HOMFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are regulated, along with the modulation of inflammation and antioxidant processes. In the oral wound model of diabetic rats, the miR@TDN system effectively and stably delivers miR132 to the injured mucosa. By regulating the inflammatory response, promoting blood vessel regeneration, and enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, significant improvement in cellular repair function and acceleration of the wound healing process are observed. These findings provide a new strategy and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of oral mucosal injuries.
Visible‐Light Photo‐Iniferter Polymerization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Direct Integration with Nanotransducers
Authors: Di Giulio Tiziano , Asif Muhammad Ibrar , Corsi Martina , De Benedetto Giuseppe Egidio , Malitesta Cosimino , Haupt Karsten , Barillaro Giuseppe , Gonzato Carlo , Mazzotta Elisabetta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) have gained prominence as synthetic receptors, combining simplicity of synthesis with robust molecular recognition akin to antibodies and enzymes. One of their main application areas is chemical sensing. However, direct integration of MIPs with nanostructured transducers, crucial for enhancing sensing capabilities and broadening MIPs sensing applications, remains limited. This limitation mainly arises from the need for precise control over the MIP features (such as thickness) during deposition on nanostructured transducers. This work explores the potential of depositing MIPs directly onto nanostructured transducers via controlled radical photopolymerization, focusing on nanoporous silica (PSiO2) with pore sizes of 40 nm and aspect ratio exceeding 100 as an interferometric optical nanotransducer. Leveraging the covalent attachment of a photo‐iniferter agent onto the PSiO2 surface, we achieved effective control over the polymerization process, resulting in the deposition of thin and uniform MIP layers on PSiO2. As a case study, we developed an MIP‐based PSiO2 optical sensor for propranolol, used as the template molecule, showcasing excellent linearity, a low detection limit, and efficacy in real matrices such as tap water. The results further demonstrate the sensor selectivity for the target molecule, along with its reusability and stability for at least 60 days.
Study on Dispersion Technology of Pigment Powder and Its Interaction Based on Octenyl Succinate Starch and Arabic Gum Complex
Authors: Chen Qin , Chen Xingyu , Song Shiqing , Yao Lingyun , Wang Huatian , Zhao Di , Sun Min , Liu Qian , Yu Chuang , Feng Tao 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTHigh concentrations of pigment powders present significant challenges for dispersion stability in cosmetic formulations, the dispersion of iron oxide yellow paste may lead to flocculation, reducing its stability. This study employed octenyl succinate starch (OSA starch) and Arabic gum (AG) as composite wall materials to encapsulate iron oxide yellow and to optimize the dispersion system for water‐soluble pigment powders. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of a well‐structured microcapsule, significantly smaller than the original iron oxide yellow particles. Accelerated stability tests indicated that the microcapsule structure enhanced system stability, with improved performance observed at higher OAF solution concentrations. The contact angle measurements, which were consistently below 90°, demonstrated that the microcapsule structure enhanced the wettability and hydrophilicity of the OAF solution, thereby improving skin adhesion. The encapsulation of iron oxide yellow using OSA starch and AG underscores the potential application of natural hydrocolloids and modified starches in the cosmetics industry.
Investigations on the shear load‐bearing behavior of functionally graded concrete beams with mineral hollow spheres
Authors: Strahm Benedikt , Haufe Carl Niklas , Blandini Lucio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe technology of functionally graded concrete (FGC) enables a significant reduction in the mass of concrete components while maintaining all structural and functional requirements through a targeted design of the interior of components. The present work deals with the principle of meso‐gradation, where spherical mineral hollow bodies are placed in the structure to create cavities where the level of principal stresses of the load‐bearing component is low. Within the scope of this work, the shear resistance of FGC components is investigated experimentally, analytically, and numerically on full‐scale beams. As a result, an analytical design approach for the shear resistance of voided slabs is validated, demonstrating the applicability of the approach for structural elements. The load‐bearing behavior observed in the experiments was in good agreement with the numerical simulations. This allows the applied numerical model to be used for FGC components with other hollow body diameters or varying concrete covers, reducing the necessity for costly large‐scale experiments. The findings highlight the potential benefits of using FGC in terms of reducing mass while increasing the recycling rate and therefore minimizing the environmental footprint of concrete structures. The analytical design model and experimental results provide useful guidance for the design and construction of such elements in structural engineering applications.
Can Molecular Systems Learn?
Authors: Kaygisiz Kübra , Ulijn Rein V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch across various disciplines shows the benefits of learning and memory for gaining functionality and improving performance. It is increasingly clear that learning and memory can be found in both physical and virtual systems, from intelligent life forms to machines, simple organisms, and even designed chemical systems. We are interested in understanding to what extent physical embodiments of these processes can be synthesized and engineered from the bottom up by using molecular components. In this perspective, we raise and attempt to answer conceptual questions about supramolecular systems as the smallest units capable of learning. We define learning as a process where a complex system of interacting components modifies itself in response to an applied stress or stimulus, resulting in structural changes and information gain. We highlight the potential of systems chemistry and molecular networks to design systems that meet this definition by encoding, decoding, and storing information as memory within the system′s composition. Understanding the physical basis of molecular memory and learning could inform the development of materials and chemical systems that autonomously acquire new properties in response to their environment. This could also provide insights for next‐generation computing and physical, rather than virtual, learning systems.