bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofumigation: environmental impacts on the biological activity of diverse pure and plant‐derived isothiocyanates
Authors: Matthiessen John N , Shackleton Mark A 
Published: June 2005

AbstractFour pure isothiocyanates (methyl, 2‐propenyl, benzyl and 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate), hydrolysing tissue of two brassicas rich in either 2‐propenyl or 2‐phenylethyl isothiocyanate, and the methyl isothiocyanate‐generating pesticide metam‐sodium were tested in vapour exposure tests for biological activity against a model soil insect both in vitro and in the presence of three contrasting soils and under four temperatures from 5 to 20 °C. The purpose was to develop an understanding of the factors controlling isothiocyanate release and maintenance in soil in order to identify advantageous attributes to seek in utilising brassicas for isothiocyanate‐based biofumigation. Methyl isothiocyanate, structurally the simplest and the most volatile, was the most biologically active isothiocyanate under all conditions. It was less affected by the presence of soil and by lower temperature than the longer‐chain aliphatic 2‐propenyl isothiocyanate. The activity of the less volatile aromatic isothiocyanates was reduced much more by soil, with a decline up to many thousand‐fold in the presence of soil with high organic matter content at lower temperature. Metam‐sodium closely reflected the methyl isothiocyanate results. The results indicate that brassicas rich in aliphatic isothiocyanates are more likely to have the potential to exert stronger isothiocyanate‐based biofumigation effects than those similarly rich in aromatic isothiocyanates. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Trends in water usage and knowledge of arsenicosis in Bangladesh: findings from successive national surveys
Authors: Caldwell Bruce K. , Smith Wayne T. , Caldwell J. C. , Mitra S. N. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe presence of arsenic in tubewell water has been identified as a major health problem in Bangladesh. The Bangladesh Government, with international assistance, is attempting to mitigate the effects of arsenic by a major programme of tubewell water testing and education about arsenic and how its ingestion can be avoided. In early 2000 the first nationally representative cluster sample survey of water use in Bangladesh found that knowledge of arsenicosis remained low, tubewell water remained the dominant source of rural water, and few people knew if their tubewell was safe from arsenic contamination or alternatively treated it for arsenic. This paper reports on a follow‐up survey of the earlier study population to determine change over two years, and thus for the first time allows a measure of change at the national level. Awareness that there might be something wrong with tubewell water had risen markedly, especially among women respondents. However, there had been only a minor increase in the proportion reporting that they had changed water sources. This indicates a lack of a clear message about the risks involved, and about how to respond to the problem. The health authorities lack good information as to the real dangers involved, and the most appropriate interventions, both in technical terms and in terms of economic and social acceptability. In the absence of such information, the most effective strategy may be to promote more rapid testing of wells and to encourage people to switch wells. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and sulphite oxidase: A defect of molybdenum metabolism or transport?
Authors: Duran M. , Beemer F. A. , v. d. Heiden C. , Korteland J. , de Bree P. K. , Brink M. , Wadman S. K. , Lombeck I. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA child is described who presented in the neonatal period with feeding difficulties, severe neurological abnormalities, lens dislocation of the eyes and dysmorphic symptoms of the head. Routine laboratory investigations revealed a decreased serum urate and a positive sulphite reaction of the urine. Subsequent chromatographic examinations showed xanthinuria and increased excretion ofS‐sulphocysteine and taurine to be present. In addition, high thiosulphate and low sulphate excretions in the urine were observed. Xanthine oxidase deficiency was demonstrated in a jejunal biopsy specimen, whereas the excretion of sulphur containing substances was considered to be characteristic of sulphite oxidase deficiency.This new combination of defects may be the result of malfunctioning of both enzymes, possibly caused by alterations in the essential molybdenum containing active centre of the enzymes, which they share in common.
On the expressive power of CSP refinement
Authors: Roscoe A.W. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract

We show that wide-ranging classes of predicates on the failures-divergences model for CSP can be represented by refinement checks in a general form. These are predicates of a process
P
expressible as
F
(
P
)⊏
G
(
P
), where
F
and
G
are CSP contexts and ⊏ is refinement. We use ideas similar to full abstraction, but achieve a stronger property than that. Our main result is that topologically-closed predicates are precisely those representable when
F
and
G
are both uniformly continuous. We show that sub-classes of predicates such as refinement-closed and distributive ones are represented by special forms of this check.
Correlations between SAR arc intensity and solar and geomagnetic activity
Authors: Lobzin V. V. , Pavlov A. V. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract. We present a study of statistical relationships between SAR arc intensities acquired by the Pacific Northwest Laboratory Photometer Network during 1978-1988 and solar and geomagnetic activity indices Dst, F10.7, and Kp by use of the method of multiple regression analysis. We found significant correlations between intensity and all of the indices involved. In the present work we show for the first time that the partial correlation coefficients depend on the time offset, t, between the time of SAR arc intensity observations and the onset of the geomagnetic storm recovery phase, with the largest correlations being observed when 8 h < t < 16 h. It is also shown that there are significant differences between partial correlation coefficients calculated for SAR arcs associated with strong (Dstmin< -100 nT) and weak (Dstmin>-100 nT) geomagnetic storms. We observe also that the multiple correlation coefficients for strong storms are much larger than for weak ones. We found that the variations in the electron temperature, Te, in the SAR arc region are not mainly produced by variations in the electron density of the ionosphere but are strongly driven by the additional heating of the electron gas due to an interaction of the ring current ions and the plasmaspheric electrons. As a result, variations of Te in the SAR arc region with characteristic time scales from several minutes to several hours are stipulated by time variations of ring current parameters.Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (airglow and aurora) · Ionosphere (ionosphere · atmosphere interactions; ionosphere · magnetosphere interactions)
Psychological consequences of the 1999 earthquake in Turkey
Authors: Tural Ümit , Coşkun Bülent , Önder Emin , Çorapçioǧlu Aytül , Yildiz Mustafa , Kesepara Coşkun , Karakaya Işik , Aydin Mustafa , Erol Ayla , Torun Fuat , Aybar Gaye 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe explored the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its relation to demographic characteristics and other risk factors for developing PTSD in a large sample (N = 910) of earthquake survivors living in tent city. Twenty‐five percent of the sample met DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD assessed with the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Self Test (PTSD‐S). Peritraumatic factors explained the most variance when the risk factors were grouped as demographics, pretraumatic, peritraumatic, and posttraumatic. The study emphasized that PTSD among the earthquake victims was as prevalent in Turkey as after disasters in other developing countries but higher than usually found after disasters in developed countries, and there was a relation between some factors—mostly peritraumatic—and PTSD.
Imagery vividness and perceived anxious arousal in prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD
Authors: Rauch Sheila A. M. , Foa Edna B. , Furr Jami M. , Filip Jennifer C. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present paper examines imagery vividness and anxiety during Prolonged Exposure (PE) for chronic PTSD among 69 female survivors of sexual or nonsexual assault. All participants received between 9 and 12 individual sessions of either PE alone or in combination with cognitive restructuring. As hypothesized, vividness and anxiety ratings from early imaginal exposure sessions were moderately to highly correlated, but these correlations decreased in later sessions. Both subjective distress and vividness decreased significantly with exposure. Greater reductions in subjective distress between the first and last exposure session were related to better outcome. However, contrary to hypothesis, vividness was not related to outcome. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
Are avoidance and numbing distinct PTSD symptom clusters?
Authors: Asmundson Gordon J. G. , Stapleton Jennifer A. , Taylor Steven 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe present the conceptual basis and empirical evidence for considering avoidance and numbing as distinct posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters. The majority of data from factor analytic studies supports the position that avoidance and numbing are distinct symptom clusters. As well, the available data suggest that (a) different treatment modalities have differential effects on reducing avoidance but not numbing, (b) patients with more severe pretreatment numbing have poorer treatment outcomes, (c) avoidance and numbing have different patterns of correlation with depression, and (d) they have different correlations with physiological indices of attention. We conclude that avoidance and numbing are distinct PTSD symptom clusters. This distinction has implications for revising current diagnostic criteria. The recognition of this distinction may lead to advances in understanding and treating PTSD.
Development and psychometric validation of a domestic violence coping self‐efficacy measure (DV‐CSE)
Authors: Benight Charles C. , Harding‐Taylor Alexandra S. , Midboe Amanda M. , Durham Robert L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractPsychometric properties of a Domestic Violence Coping Self‐Efficacy Measure were examined. Two hundred eighty three women assaulted within the past 6 months were recruited. Internal reliability of the measure was very good (α = .97). Principle components factor analysis indicated one primary factor accounting for 56% of the variance. The measure was positively associated with optimism, adaptive coping, and healthy psychological functioning, and negatively associated with trauma‐related distress, negative mood, and maladaptive coping. A small positive association with social desirability was found. This measure may have significant clinical utility in helping survivors by indicating areas where individuals feel especially vulnerable or empowered.
Preliminary evaluation of a video‐based intervention for older adult victims of violence
Authors: Acierno Ron , Rheingold Alyssa A. , Resnick Heidi S. , Stark‐Riemer Wendy 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study evaluated a brief, video‐based intervention for older adults designed to: provide psychological education regarding common reactions to crime: offer information about healthy coping strategies to manage crime‐related symptomatology: and increase awareness of effective safety planning strategies. Following reporting to police, 116 older adult crime victims were randomly assigned to receive either standard advocate‐based services plus the video‐based intervention or standard advocate services alone. Results indicated that older adult victims assigned to the video condition and assessed later that day exhibited greater awareness of crime‐related symptoms, healthy coping strategies, and safely planning strategies than did the older adult victims assigned to standard practice of care. However, despite knowledge gains, and in contrast to our predictions, no differences on measures of anxiety or depression were evident between the treatment conditions at 6‐week follow up.
Sources of variation in the feeding ecology of the piked spurdog (Squalus megalops): implications for inferring predator–prey interactions from overall dietary composition
Authors: Braccini J. Matías , Gillanders Bronwyn M. , Walker Terence I. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Sources of variation in dietary composition were examined in the piked spurdog (Squalus megalops). The species is an opportunistic predator that consumes a wide range of prey items. When importance of prey was measured by weight or occurrence, S. megalops preyed largely on molluscs and teleosts. However, when number of prey was considered, the main items were crustaceans. A bootstrap analysis showed that considerable variability can be expected in the importance of prey items in the species' overall diet. Regional, seasonal, and ontogenetic differences in dietary composition were found, but there were no differences between mature and immature sharks or between males and females. The spatial and temporal variation in diet exhibited by S. megalops and the intrinsic natural variability of the dietary composition of this opportunistic predator suggest that studies that infer predator–prey interactions from overall diet are likely to miss information on the ecological relationships among species and thus account for only part of these interactions.
Second-generation antipsychotics: are their similarities greater than their differences?
Authors: Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe move towards the use of second-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia has provoked much discussion over how to differentiate between the various second-generation agents available on the market. The aim of this review is to provide information that may help clinicians in the decision-making process. The results of comparative studies on general efficacy measures (such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS]) and comparative studies on cognition do not clearly favour one second-generation agent over another. However, some differences between second-generation agents have become apparent from studies which have examined specific symptoms such as hostility, suicidal ideation and depression/anxiety. There are also differences between second-generation agents with regard to specific aspects of tolerability. For example, in a number of studies olanzapine is associated with fewer extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) than risperidone, but treatment with risperidone or amisulpride is associated with less weight gain and somnolence. Some studies have investigated the results of switching patients from one antipsychotic agent to another. They have generally reported a successful switch to a second-generation agent.Overall, there is not enough scientific evidence available to clearly favour one second-generation antipsychotic agent over another in terms of general efficacy or tolerability. Therefore, clinicians must make an individualised treatment decision, and select the most appropriate antipsychotic agent for each patient.
The role of fractures and lipids in the seed coat in the loss of hardseededness of six Mediterranean legume species
Authors: ZENG L. W. , COCKS P. S. , KAILIS S. G. , KUO J. 
Published: June 2005

Changes in the seed coat morphology of 12 annual legumes were studied using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). The seeds of Biserrula pelecinus L. cv. Casbah, Ornithopus sativus cv. Cadiz, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. spumosum L., T. subterraneum L. cv. Bacchus Marsh, Trigonella balansae Boiss. & Reuter., Trigonella monspeliaca L. and Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa Dorthes (morthes.) were examined by ESEM after exposure to field conditions for 6 months, while those of Medicago polymorpha L. cv. Circle Valley, Trifolium clypeatum L., T. glanduliferum Boiss., T. lappaceum L., T. spumosum L., and T. subterraneum L. cv. Dalkeith, were examined after 2 years' exposure. The entry of water into seeds was followed by covering various parts of the seed coat with petroleum jelly and soaking the treated seeds in dyes.As the seeds softened over time, more and larger fractures appeared on the seed coat. Water entered the seed either through fractures, over the seed coat as a whole or through the lens. It is hypothesized that the formation of fractures occurs after physicochemical changes in the seed coat, probably associated with changes in the amount and nature of seed coat lipids.The newly matured whole seeds of M. polymorpha cv. Circle Valley, T. clypeatum, T. glanduliferum, T. lappaceum, T. spumosum, and T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith were analysed for lipid content in 1997. The seed coats of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum were separated from the cotyledons and examined in detail for lipid content.The lipid content of whole seeds ranged from 48 (T. lappaceum) to 167 mg/g (T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith). Total lipid of the whole seeds of T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. glanduliferum declined by about 9 mg/g over 2 years, while in T. spumosum it declined by about 17 mg/g.In contrast, the major fatty acids in the seed coat declined by 0·67 mg/g over the 2 years. Change in seed coat lipids showed a marked similarity to changes in hardseededness for both T. subterraneum cv. Dalkeith and T. spumosum. The results strongly suggest that seed softening is associated with loss of lipids in the seed coat, because lipids have physical characteristics that are altered at temperatures experienced in the field.
Compositional convection in the presence of a magnetic field. II. Cartesian plume
Authors: Eltayeb I.A , Hamza E.A , Jervase J.A , Krishnan E.V , Loper D.E 
Published: June 2005

The analysis of part I, dealing with the morphological instability of a single interface in a fluid of infinite extent, is extended to the case of a Cartesian plume of compositionally buoyant fluid, of thickness 2
x
0
, enclosed between two vertical interfaces. The problem depends on six dimensionless parameters: the Prandtl number,
σ
; the magnetic Prandtl number,
σ
m
; the Chandrasekhar number,
Q
c
; the Reynolds number,
Re
; the ratio,
B
v
, of vertical to horizontal components of the ambient magnetic field and the dimensionless plume thickness. Attention is focused on the preferred mode of instability, which occurs in the limit
Re
≪1 for all values of the parameters. This mode can be either
sinuous
or
varicose
with the wavenumber vector either
vertical
or
oblique
, comprising four types. The regions of preference of these four modes are represented in regime diagrams in the (
x
0
,
σ
) plane for different values of
σ
m
,
Q
c
,
B
v
. These regions are strongly dependent on the field inclination and field strength and, to a lesser extent, on magnetic diffusion. The overall maximum growth rate for any prescribed set of the parameters
σ
m
,
Q
c
,
B
v
, occurs when 1.3<
x
0
<1.7, and is sinuous for small
σ
and varicose for large
σ
. The magnetic field can enhance instability for a certain range of thickness of the plume. The enhancement of instability is due to the interaction of the field with viscous diffusion resulting in a reverse role for viscosity. The dependence of the helicity and
α
-effect on the parameters is also discussed.
Radio frequency identification and food retailing in the UK
Authors: Jones Peter , Clarke‐Hill Colin , Comfort Daphne , Hillier David , Shears Peter 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThis paper aims to offer an outline of the characteristics of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and briefly discusses some of its perceived benefits and challenges for food retailers in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws material largely from trade and practitioner sources and illustrates general themes with specific retail examples.FindingsThe paper suggests that RFID has the potential to offer food retailers a wide range of benefits throughout the supply chain including tighter management and control of the supply chain, reductions in shrinkage, reduced labour costs and improved customer service while also facilitating compliance with traceability protocols and food safety regulations. At the same time food retailers will need to address a number operational and strategic challenges and consumer privacy concerns before they can fully realise these benefits.Originality/valueThis paper provides a brief and accessible outline of the RFID developments in food retailing which will interest non‐specialists working in and in association with this sector of the retail marketplace.
Implementing value‐transparency in supply relations
Authors: Lamming Richard , Zhang Jian , Caldwell Nigel , Phillips Wendy 
Published: June 2005

PurposeTo explore and identify the strategic approaches firms may follow in their pursuit of value transparency (VT) in inter‐organisational relations in supply networks.Design/methodology/approachThrough the use of game theory an understanding of the difficulties of co‐operation and information transfer is developed. Game theory and marginal analysis facilitate an advanced application of VT.FindingsWhile the article acknowledges the limitations of prescriptive precision in strategy matters, it is not proposed that firms would follow any single part of the outlined strategies. However, through rational analysis of the strategic options presented it may be possible to foresee potential negative outcomes, and through structuring undesirable scenarios managers may be able to reduce the risk of their occurrence.Practical implicationsA model is proposed that aids firms in the selection of supply partners for VT and VT modes. Recognising that certain conditions will be more likely to support a more rapid and extensive adoption of VT, the paper identifies the role that aspects of organisations' economic environments may play.Originality/valueThe article acknowledges the limitations of modelling and game theory‐based approaches but suggests that through considering the interests and benefits of the other party, practical insights may be developed and the likely outcomes of various scenarios considered.
The rise of the furniture manufacturing industry in Western North Carolina and Virginia
Authors: Cater John James 
Published: June 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand better the formation of an industry and the movement toward agglomeration by examining the development of the furniture manufacturing industry of Western North Carolina and Virginia.Design/methodology/approachIn this general review, the initiation and growth of the furniture industry is traced, applying the theory of agglomeration and noting isomorphic tendencies and the primacy of the search for legitimacy among constituents.FindingsThe paper finds first of all, the pioneering efforts of Thomas Wrenn in High Point brought the industry to the region. An initial wave of furniture manufacturers followed closely behind Wrenn as the industry gained legitimacy and status in North Carolina. Important elements in building the industry included the establishment of the Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association and the Southern Furniture Market in High Point. A second wave of furniture producers arrived on the scene after the First World War. This group benefited from cooperative actions of the survivors of the first wave and brought the Western North Carolina and Virginia area to the forefront of the furniture manufacturing industry in the USA. Finally, the paper comments on the current state of the industry in relation to the threat of foreign competition.Originality/valueThe furniture industry is not alone in the need to understand the impact of globalization. Practitioners and researchers alike should be aware of the costs to stakeholder groups, such as employees and local communities.