bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Among Health-Care Workers in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Rostami Soodabeh , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Nokhodian Zary , Kassaian Nazila , Zamani Ali , Tahvilian Zohreh , Nasri Parto , Nasirian Maryam , Ataei Behrooz 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Health-care workers (HCWs) are in the frontline for fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are at higher risk of acquiring the infection. Therefore, the defining immunity status among HCWs helps mitigate the exposure risk. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and also the associated risk factors in the HCWs working in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences COVID-19 referral hospitals.

Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, demographics, COVID-19 symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and health-care details were collected from 200 consenting health workers of COVID-center-hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from 23 October to 21 December 2020. The recombinant SARS-CoV2 nucleocapsid protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based IgM, and IgG antibody tests were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and independent-t-student tests, and P < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
One hundred and forty-one women and 59 men with a mean age of 36.4 ± 7.77 years participated in the study. IgG Ab and IgM Ab were positive in 77 (38.5%) and 12 (6%) of samples, respectively, and both antibodies were detected in 9 (4.5%). Higher ages, direct contact with the patients with COVID-19, muscle pain, loss of taste and smell, fever, and cough were the factors associated with antibody seropositivity against SARS-CoV2.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of HCWs with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is relatively high in Isfahan University referral hospitals. The development of safety protocols and screening and vaccination strategies in the frontline HCWs must be implemented to reduce the burden of infection.
Assessment of Metabolic Risk Factors and Heart-Healthy Lifestyle in Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention after a 6-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Jazi Seyed Mohammad Hashemi , Radmanesh Armina , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Mansouri Asieh 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Mortality due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has dramatically diminished because of performing life-saving interventions. This study aims to assess the metabolic risk factors and heart healthy lifestyle following the first episode of ACS under percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment after the 6-month follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
This is a longitudinal study conducted on 40 patients who underwent PCI because of the first episode of ACS. The patients' information including age, weight, abdominal circumference, smoking, functional capacity, patients' metabolic equivalent of task (METS), and laboratory tests including triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatinine, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and hemoglobin A1C were recorded before discharge and reassessed after 6-month follow-up.

Results:
The patients were dominantly male (92.5%) with an average age of 56.8 ± 7.11 years. Physical activity and functional capacity (METS) significantly improved within 6 months (P = 0.019). BMI significantly improved; however, although the abdominal circumference decreased, it was not significant (P = 0.28). The number of smokers (P = 0.12) and the daily number of smoked cigarettes (P = 0.37) nonsignificantly decreased within 6 months. However, HDL-C (P = 0.013) and LDL-C (P = 0.027) changes were not desirable. TG, FBS, and blood pressure did not statistically significant change (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Although BMI, physical activity, and METS remarkably improved, waist circumference decreased nonsignificantly and lipid profile got worse paradoxically. Although this population is limited for generalization, this study shows that we require further schedules to improve ACS secondary prevention practice in our community.
Comparison of the Effect of Preoperative Oral Tizanidine and Pregabalin on Shoulder Pain in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia
Authors: Sane Shahryar , Sayyadi Shahram , Abbasivash Rahman , Rezaei Seyfollah , Azadfar Ashkan , Salimi Sohrab 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Shoulder pain is considered as the most important and relatively common postoperative cholecystectomy complications that often controls in recovery room by systemic narcotics that may have some side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of premedication with oral tizanidine on shoulder pain relief after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Materials and Methods:
In this double-blinded clinical trial, 75 adults of American Society of Anesthesiologist physiologic state 1 and 2 scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were selected and randomly divided in three groups of T, P, and control groups. Ninety minutes before the induction of anesthesia, patients received either 4 mg tizanidine (T group), 100 mg pregabalin (P group), or orally in 50cc or the same volume of plain water as a placebo (control group). Then, the vital signs, pain intensity, and the need for analgesic were measured during 24 hours and then compared in the groups.

Results:
There was no significant difference in patient characteristics, with respect to age, weight, gender, and duration of anesthesia and surgery between the groups (P > 0.05). The pain intensity and need for analgesic were significantly lower in tizanidine and pregabalin groups than the control group (P < 0.003) vs (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in vital signs characteristics between the groups.

Conclusion:
Oral administration of 4 mg tizanidine and 100 mg pregabalin 90 minutes before laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly relive postoperative shoulder pain and analgesic consumption without any complication.
Chlamydia pneumoniae Seropositivity in the Iranian Patients with the Skin Inflammatory Disorder of Rosacea
Authors: Aghaei Maryam , Aghaei Shahrzad , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad-Ali , Abdellahi Latifeh , Fatemi Naeini Farahnaz , Iraji Fariba , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Hejazi Seyed Hossein 
Published: October 2023

Background:

Rosacea is a skin chronic inflammation with an unknown cause and cure. Environmental and genetic factors could not entirely explain the disease pathogenesis. Recently, infections like Chlamydia pneumoniae are of more attention in the rosacea progression. This study investigated the relationship between the C. pneumoniae seropositivity and the rosacea disorder.

Materials and Methods:
We aimed at a cohort of 100 patients with the rosacea disorder (60 active and 40 inactive) and from 100 sex- and age-matched healthy controls in Isfahan and determined the immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG antibodies titers to C. pneumoniae in the serum using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The groups were compared using the analysis of variance procedure at the significant level of P < 0.05, statistically.

Results:
The mean of IgG in the controls was significantly higher than the levels in both the active and the inactive rosacea patients (p < 0.022). Also, the titer of serum IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls was different, compared with the active (p < 0.019) and the inactive (p < 0.02) rosacea patients. In addition, the median titer of serum IgG (not IgM) to C. pneumoniae in the females with the inactive rosacea disorder was lower than the active rosacea disorder (p < 0.019) and controls women (p < 0.008). Furthermore, the serum level of IgG or IgM to C. pneumoniae in the controls males was higher than the males with the rosacea disorder (p < 0.05) and (p < 0.02), alternatively.

Conclusion:

C. pneumoniae seropositivity in the rosacea patients and controls was insignificant.
Determinants of Weight Disorders in Two- Year- Old Children in Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Vard Bahareh , Deylam Sahand , Riahi Roya , Kelishadi Roya 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Considering the importance of weight disorders in childhood and its impact until adulthood, this study was conducted to assess the determinants of weight disorders in 2-year-old Iranian children.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 among on 2300 children registered in Comprehensive Health Centers of Isfahan, Iran. Weight disorders, including underweight and overweight were defined according to the standardized National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts. Demographic data including gender, birth weight, maternal educational levels and occupation, duration of breastfeeding and the age of beginning complementary food were gathered.

Results:
In the present study, 750 children (i.e., 32.6%) had weight disorders. Among them, 53.6% were underweight, 26.3% were overweight, and 12.9% were obese, 7.2%had severe underweight. Female gender, university education of mothers and higher levels of socio-economic status significantly increased the chance of overweight by 14.79%, 22.28%, 27.33% and 24.48%, respectively. Although with the increase in the duration of breastfeeding and the increase of family members, overweight, respectively, decreased by 0.86 and 0.93 fold, but it was not statistically significant. There was an inverse, significant relationship between the duration of breastfeeding with overweight versus underweight.

Conclusion:
Underweight and overweight were the two most common weight disorders among 2-year- children, respectively. Control of modifiable risk factors for weight disorders in early life should be underscored in the primary health care system.
Comparison of Volume Support, Volume-Assured Pressure Support, and Spontaneous Modes in Postoperative Early Extubated Patients
Authors: Abbasi Saeed , Alikiaii Babak , Kashefi Parviz , Haddadzadegan Navid 
Published: October 2023

Background:
This study aimed to compare respiratorily, arterial blood gas (ABG), and hemodynamics parameters among patients undergoing surgery who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), using three ventilation modes, including volume-assured pressure support (VAPS), volume support (VS), and spontaneous modes.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and thirty-two patients were randomly assigned into three groups of VAPS, VS, and spontaneous modes utilizing randomized block procedure. Patients were followed between 12 and 30 h until extubation. Respiratory parameters including; peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), static compliance, resistance, rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), and P 0.1(P0.1 correlates with respiratory drive and is defined as the negative pressure measured at the airway opening 100 ms after the initiation of an inspiratory effort), along with ABG parameters including; pH level, PaCO2,HCO3,PaO2/FiO2 ratio, extra hydrogen ion, and hemodynamics parameters including; mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 3 h and compared among groups.

Results:
All studied parameters in three groups improved during the study. PIP, Resistance, PH, HCO3, extra hydrogen ion, PCo2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mean arterial blood pressure were similar among the three groups in most of the time points (P > 0.05). In most of the time points, RSBI (from 92.7 to 55.4), P 0.1 (from 6.8 to 1.7) in the VAPS group, static compliance (from 55.3 to 55.7) in the VS group, and heart rate (from 108.5 to 90.1) in spontaneous groups were significantly better than other modes (P < 0.05). Changes in RSBI, P 0.1, PCo2, HCO3, and heart rate during the study were significantly different among studied groups (P < 0.05). The length of stay in the ICU in patients who underwent VAPS was significantly shorter than the other modes.

Conclusions:
VAPS mode with better effects or at least as effective as VS and spontaneous modes could be select as the best mode of ventilation in postoperative early extubated patients admitted to ICU.
The Effects of 4-Week Aerobic Exercise on the Levels of CCL2, CCL5, and Their Respective Receptors in Female BALB/C Mice Suffering from Breast Cancer
Authors: Esmailiyan Mehrnoosh , Kargarfard Mehdi , Esfarjani Fahimeh , Vaseghi Golnaz , Haghjooy Javanmard Shaghayegh , Amerizadeh Atefeh 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The studies reported that chemokines Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) have tumor-promoting roles in breast cancer (BC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise (AE) on chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 and their relative receptors in animal model of human BC.

Materials and Methods:
BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups included cancer control (CC) and three other groups. The total duration of the experiment was 14 weeks, including 2 weeks of familiarization of mice with treadmills and three of 4-week periods of experiment. Tumor inoculation and formation were performed in the second 4-week period. Group 1 received AE in the first 4-week, Group 2 received AE in the second 4-week and Group 3 in the third 4-week.

Results:
The CCL2 was reduced significantly in Groups 1, 2, and 3 compared to control (F3,12 = 4705, P = 0.0001). In terms of CCL5, a significant decrease was seen only between Group 3 and control. Western blot results showed a significant reduction in C-C chemokine receptor Type 2 (CCR2) between Group 1 versus CC and Group 2 versus CC (F3,20 = 1.812, P = 0.004). In terms of C-C chemokine receptor Type 5 (CCR5) a significant decrease was observed between Group 2 versus control and Group 3 versus control (F3,20 = 273.3, P = 0.042), (P = 0.004).

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that 4-week AE significantly reduces the chemokines CCL2 and CCL5 and their respective receptors levels CCR5 and CCR2 in different stages, and it may have an inhibitory effect on tumor growth.
Construction and Periplasmic Expression of a Bispecific Tandem scFv for Dual Targeting of Immune Checkpoints
Authors: Rashti Amirreza , Akbari Vajihe 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Immune checkpoints are molecules that act as regulators of immune system pathways. However, some tumor cells can express the ligands of immune checkpoints to escape from antitumor immune responses. Some agents, such as antibodies, can inhibit these checkpoints that prevent the immune system from targeting and killing cancer cells. The aim of this study was to express a novel bispecific tandem scFv in periplasmic space of Escherichia coli for simultaneous targeting of two immune checkpoints, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1).

Materials and Methods:
The bispecific tandem scFv was constructed based on the variable regions gene of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. The optimum codon for expression in E. coli was chemically synthesized and subcloned in periplasmic expression plasmid. After transformation, the effect of cultivation conditions on periplasmic expression of the protein in E. coli BL21(DE3) was evaluated. Then, the bispecific tandem scFv was purified and its binding ability to cells expressing PD-1 and CTLA-4 was evaluated.

Results:
Expression of tandem scFv with a molecular weight of 55 kDa was verified by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting analysis. The best condition for soluble periplasmic expression was obtained to be incubation with 0.5 mM isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside at 23°C. The protein was successfully purified using affinity chromatography with a final yield of 4.5 mg/L. Binding analysis confirmed the bioactivity of purified the tandem scFv.

Conclusion:
This bispecific tandem scFv could be a potential candidate to cancer immunotherapy, although more biological activity assessments are still required to be carried out.
Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells Reveal a Polyploid Phenotype with Remarkable Activation of Nuclear Processes
Authors: Adibi Rezvan , Moein Shiva , Gheisari Yousof 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Tumor recurrence as one of the main causes of cancer death is a big barrier to cancer complete treatment. Various studies denote the possible role of therapeutics in tumor relapse. Cisplatin as one of the generally used chemotherapy agents is supposed to be the source of therapy resistance through formation of polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which PGCCs promote tumor relapse are not fully understood.

Materials and Methods:
In this study, we performed experimental and bioinformatic investigations to recognize the mechanisms related to cisplatin resistance. A2780 and SCOV-3 cell lines were treated with cisplatin for 72 hours and were evaluated for their morphology by fluorescent microscopy and DNA content analysis. Furthermore, a microarray dataset of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells was re-analyzed to determine the significantly altered genes and signaling pathways.

Results:
Although cisplatin led to death of considerable fraction of cells in both cell lines, a significant number of survived cells became polyploid. On the other hand, our high throughput analysis determined significant change in expression of 1930 genes which mainly related to gene regulatory mechanisms and nuclear processes. Besides, mTOR, hypoxia, Hippo, and 14-3-3 signaling pathways previously shown to have role in PGCCs were determined.

Conclusion:
Taken together, results of this study demonstrated some key biological mechanisms related to cisplatin-resistant polyploid cancer cells.
Is Chronic Kidney Disease, a Predictor of in-Hospital Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients?
Authors: Moeinzadeh Firouzeh , Raeisi Vahideh , Babahajiani Media , Mortazavi Mojgan , Pourajam Samaneh , Seirafian Shiva , Shirzadi Mohammad , Taheri Shahram , Salahi Mehrdad , Mansourian Marjan , Toghyani Arash , Zamani Zahra 
Published: October 2023

Background:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important comorbidity in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients considering its high prevalence. We aimed to figure out the relationship between CKD and COVID-19 mortality in this study.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 116 CKD patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 147 control subjects confirmed with COVID-19 were studied. Data regarding demographics, sign and symptoms, laboratory findings, and chest computed tomography were collected. Association between CKD and in-hospital mortality were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusted for confounders.

Results:
Mortality rate was significantly higher in CKD than non-CKD (30.17 vs 4.76, P < 0.001) COVID-19 patients. Multivariate logistic regression showed that CKD was significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality in the total sample (Odds ratio (OR) = 8.64, confidence interval (CI): 3.67–20.35) and gender subgroups (females: OR = 4.77, CI: 1.38–16.40, males: OR = 13.43, CI: 3.85–46.87) (P < 0.05) of COVID-19 patients in the crude model. Whereas, the correlation did not remain significant in the fully adjusted model in the total sample (OR = 1.70, CI: 0.35–8.19) and gender subgroups (females: OR = 1.07 CI: 0.06–19.82, males: OR = 0.87, CI: 0.07–10.33) (P > 0.05) of COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion:
This study suggested an independent association between CKD and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, more intensive surveillance of COVID-19 patients with CKD is to be warranted.
Examination of the Topical Effect of the Combination of Plantago ovata and Vinegar on the Improvement of Rural Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani Mohammad , Emtiazy Majid , Lotfi Mohammad Hassan , Mousavi Mehrdad 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The present study aimed at investigating the topical effect of the combination of Plantago ovata and vinegar on the improvement of rural cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The present randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed on 42 patients with rural skin leishmaniasis. In the case group, in addition to injecting glucantime into the lesion according to the latest national instructions, a combination of P. ovata and vinegar was applied topically twice a day for 8 weeks. In the control group, only glucantime injection into the lesion was performed for 8 weeks according to the latest national guidelines. At the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks after the intervention, the lesion area and improvement were evaluated and recorded.

Results:
The results of the present study indicated the lesion area in the case group with the mean of 0.35 ± 0.39 cm and 0.18 ± 0.27 cm in the 8th and 12th weeks, respectively was significantly less than that of the control group with the mean of 0.64 ± 0.78 cm and 0.56 ± 0.44, respectively (P < 0.05). Twelve weeks after the intervention, 84.1% of the lesions in the case group and 65.9% of the lesions in the control group were completely improved (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the present study, the improvement of leishmaniasis lesion with the topical application of the combination of P. ovata and vinegar was significantly more than that of the control group in the 8th and 12th weeks after the intervention.
Evaluation of the Relative Frequency of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Recurrent Breast Cancer Compared with Patients with Nonrecurrent Breast Cancer
Authors: Eshraghi Samani Reza , Safaee Masoumeh , Nematollahi Pardis , Amraei Babak 
Published: October 2023

Background:
The roles of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in breast cancer and breast lymphoma by transfecting EBV DNA have been indicated in different studies, but few investigations have been conducted on its roles in recurrence of breast cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate the roles of EBV in recurrent breast cancer tissue.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed in 2020–2021 in Isfahan on patients with breast cancer. The study population consisted of 30 tissue samples from recurrent breast cancer and 30 samples from nonrecurrent breast cancer. We collected demographic data of patients including age using a checklist. Other collected data were type of cancer, stages of cancer, tumor size in greatest dimension, lymph node involvements, and presence of metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated all of the pathology samples from both groups for the presence of DNA of EBV and compared the data of both groups.

Results:
The DNA of EBV was positive in 8 patients of the relapsed group (26.6%) and 7 patients in the nonrelapsed patients (23.3%). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding positive DNA of EBV (P = 0.39). There were no significant differences between two groups of positive DNA of EBV with and without recurrent breast cancer regarding type of cancer (P = 0.63), stage of cancer (P = 0.19), tumor size in greatest dimension (P = 0.31), mean lymph node involvement (P = 0.27), number of lymph node involvement (P = 0.43), and metastasis (P = 0.69).

Conclusion:
EBV might have no significant role in recurrence of breast cancer.