bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the foxtail millet transcriptome during grain filling
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Suying , Tong Yan , Wei Yangyang , Li Pengtao , Hu Nan , Liu Yuling , Zhao Zilin , Zhao Yongqing , Chen Hongqi , Zhang Baohong , Peng Renhai 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFlag leaf, stem, and grain are all important for endosperm development (grain filling) in cereal crops. However, joint analysis of these three tissues during grain filling is limited. Hence, we employed RNA‐seq to compare the transcription dynamics in flag leaf, stem, and grain at different stages during grain filling. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between different tissues and stages were identified. The number of DEGs was increased from stage 2 to stage 4 in leaf and grain, while the number of DEGs was decreased in the stem. Through WGCNA analysis, genes associated with photosynthesis were specifically changed in flag leaves during grain filling. Lignin and branched chain amino acid synthesis‐related genes were specifically expressed in stem and grain, respectively. The phytohormone signal transduction and sucrose‐starch conversion pathway in stem and grain together promoted the offloading of assimilates from stem to grain and the assimilate accumulation in grain. These results provide new insights for further investigations on molecular regulatory mechanisms among different tissues of grain filling, and also provide a new idea for improvement of yield and quality in cereal crops.
Climate integration into sectoral policies: The case of the Brazilian biofuel policy RenovaBio
Authors: Breviglieri Gustavo Velloso , Yamahaki Camila 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSeeking to derive lessons for future policy processes on how climate change concerns can be integrated into sectoral policies to expedite policy approval, we applied the Multiple Streams Framework to analyze the forces and dynamics at work in the policy process of Brazil's National Biofuel Policy (known as RenovaBio). Based on an analysis of 123 newspaper articles citing “RenovaBio” and eleven semistructured interviews with stakeholders from the fuel sector, the research findings suggest that attaching RenovaBio to the country's climate commitments helped to secure policy approval and decrease public opposition to it. On the other hand, having multiple objectives without a clear priority made policy direction more diffuse and vulnerable to criticisms. We also found that the existence of multiple policy entrepreneurs, in the different stages of the political process and with complementary skills, helped to speed the legislative process.
Impact of public information campaign on citizen behaviors: Vignette experimental study on recycling program in South Korea
Authors: Kim Eunyi , Moon M. Jae , Park Sun‐Young 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis study uses a vignette‐based survey experiment for recycling programs in Korea to examine how different messages of a public information campaign as a policy instrument affect the attitudes and behaviors of citizens. It tests hypotheses based on construal‐level theory, which suggests that people tend to be more affected by abstract messages under distant psychological conditions and by concrete messages under proximal psychological conditions. In contrast to the conventional assumption of construal‐level theory, this study shows that people appear to be more affected by concrete and specific messages (mundane instructions for “how and what to recycle”) than by abstract messages (a noble vision and goal for “why to recycle”) under both distant and proximal conditions.
How much information regarding gingival enlargement can we get from TikTok and YouTube?
Authors: Bengi Vahdi Umut , Saraç Atagün Özlem , Ceylan Şen Seval , Özcan Erkan , Paksoy Tuğçe , Güler Özlem Şebnem 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to evaluate and compare the reliability and quality of the information about gingival enlargements on YouTube and TikTok.MethodsTwo popular video sites, YouTube and TikTok, were searched for gingival enlargement and gingival hyperplasia. The reliability and quality of the first 300 videos for each search term, which is 1200 videos in total, were evaluated by social media video content evaluation tools: Global Quality Score (GQS) for quality and modified DISCERN for reliability.ResultsHealth professionals uploaded 68.6% of the videos on YouTube and 54.5% on TikTok. It was observed that 50% of TikTok videos and 65.9% of YouTube videos were educational. In terms of quality, 2.7% of the videos on YouTube are of excellent quality, while in TikTok there are no videos of perfect quality. TikTok videos had considerably more views, likes, viewing rates, and interaction index scores than YouTube videos (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe videos and pieces of information on YouTube are more reliable and accurate in terms of gingival enlargement when compared to TikTok. Nevertheless, it was discovered that videos on both platforms were of poor reliability and quality in general.
Relations between discrimination, rejection sensitivity, negative affect, and decrements inproblem‐solvingability following social rejection: An experimental investigation
Authors: López Roberto , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne , Defayette Annamarie B. , Harris Katherine M. , Seibel Lauren , Whitmyre Emma D. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhile negative affect and problem‐solving deficits have been consistently linked to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, the latter are often conceptualized and studied as time‐ and/or context‐invariant. Though requiring additional empirical support, theory suggests that discrimination may strengthen the relation between rejection sensitivity and increases in negative affect as well as declines in problem‐solving abilities following rejection. The aim of the current study was to test this claim using a social rejection paradigm (i.e., Cyberball) with young adults experiencing past‐month suicidal ideation.MethodsThe sample consisted of 50 participants. Lifetime discrimination and rejection sensitivity were assessed prior to Cyberball. Negative affect and problem‐solving abilities were assessed pre‐ and post‐Cyberball. SPSS and the PROCESS macro were used to test relations among variables of interest.ResultsRejection sensitivity predicted greater problem‐solving decrements, but not negative affect, following rejection among individuals who had experienced higher (vs. lower) levels of lifetime discrimination.ConclusionAddressing rejection sensitivity and sources of discrimination within the context of treatment may reduce the impact of social rejection on problem‐solving abilities among young adults at risk for suicide.
Incidence of valganciclovir‐related leukopenia and neutropenia in solid organ transplant recipients at high risk of cytomegalovirus disease
Authors: Belga Sara , Hernandez Cristina , Kabbani Dima , Cervera Carlos 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundValganciclovir (VGCV) prophylaxis is associated with an increased risk of hematologic side effects. We analyzed the impact of VGCV prophylaxis on leukopenia and neutropenia rates and explored risk factors for its occurrence.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of adult cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seronegative solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients of either CMV‐seropositive (CMV D+/R‐) or CMV‐seronegative (CMV D‐/R‐) donors between July 2005 and March 2019. CMV D+/R‐ SOT recipients received 3–12 months of VGCV prophylaxis whereas CMV D‐/R‐ SOT recipients received no VGCV prophylaxis. Competing risk regression was used to calculate risk factors for significant neutropenia (neutrophil count < 1000/μL).ResultsA total of 430 CMV‐seronegative SOT recipients (median age of 52.1 years, 76.5% males) were included, of which 203 (47.2%) were CMV D+/R‐ and 227 (52.8%) CMV D‐/R‐. The unadjusted incidence rate ratio of significant neutropenia attributable to VGCV exposure in the first year post‐transplant was 13.50 (95% confidence interval 7.36–27.11). Acute rejection occurred more frequently in neutropenic patients at 32.5% compared to 19.1% in those without neutropenia (p= .033). On multivariate analysis, VGCV prophylaxis for 1–90 days and 91–180 days versus no VGCV were the strongest risk factors for significant neutropenia with a sub‐distribution hazard ratio of 39.6 (95% CI, 8.57–182.6) and 13.2 (95% CI, 5.46–32.0), respectively.ConclusionsVGCV prophylaxis is limited by high rates of neutropenia. Future prospective studies are needed to assess alternative CMV prophylactic strategies in SOT recipients.image
Representing the World in Language and Thought
Authors: Malt Barbara C. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractInternal representations guide our navigation of the world, while language allows us to share some of what is encoded internally with others. I have been interested in the content of thought, the nature of word meanings and what they reveal about thought, and how thoughts are expressed in words. My work has combined evidence from laboratory experimentation with observation of word use in natural settings, including from people who speak different languages. Some of the ideas guiding the work are these: understanding entities in the world non‐linguistically engages different representations and processes than talking about them; patterns of word use in a language reflect cultural and linguistic history, not only conceptual representations of current speakers; linguistic and non‐linguistic knowledge is therefore at least partially independent, and so language and thought will not always closely parallel one another; the beliefs people express about their concepts and word meanings may not accurately reflect the implicit knowledge they draw on in interacting with and talking about the world; and only by carefully observing actual word use can we understand how word meanings come about and how linguistic knowledge is used to select words for communication.
Deficiency of both classical and alternative end‐joining pathways leads to a synergistic defect in double‐strand break repair but not to an increase in homology‐dependent gene targeting in Arabidopsis
Authors: Merker Laura , Feller Laura , Dorn Annika , Puchta Holger 
Published: January 2024

SUMMARYIn eukaryotes, double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are either repaired by homologous recombination (HR) or non‐homologous end‐joining (NHEJ). In somatic plant cells, HR is very inefficient. Therefore, the vast majority of DSBs are repaired by two different pathways of NHEJ. The classical (cNHEJ) pathway depends on the heterodimer KU70/KU80, while polymerase theta (POLQ) is central to the alternative (aNHEJ) pathway. Surprisingly, Arabidopsis plants are viable, even when both pathways are impaired. However, they exhibit severe growth retardation and reduced fertility. Analysis of mitotic anaphases indicates that the double mutant is characterized by a dramatic increase in chromosome fragmentation due to defective DSB repair. In contrast to the single mutants, the double mutant was found to be highly sensitive to the DSB‐inducing genotoxin bleomycin. Thus, both pathways can complement for each other efficiently in DSB repair. We speculated that in the absence of both NHEJ pathways, HR might be enhanced. This would be especially attractive for gene targeting (GT) in which predefined changes are introduced using a homologous template. Unexpectedly, the polq single mutant as well as the double mutant showed significantly lower GT frequencies in comparison to wildtype plants. Accordingly, we were able to show that elimination of both NHEJ pathways does not pose an attractive approach for Agrobacterium‐mediated GT. However, our results clearly indicate that a loss of cNHEJ leads to an increase in GT frequency, which is especially drastic and attractive for practical applications, in which the in planta GT strategy is used.
Postnatal growth restriction alters myocardial mitochondrial energetics in mice
Authors: Visker Joseph R. , Leszczynski Eric C. , Wellette‐Hunsucker Austin G. , McPeek Ashley C. , Quinn Melissa A. , Kim Seong Hyun , Bazil Jason N. , Ferguson David P. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPostnatal growth restriction (PGR) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) potentially due to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) within cardiomyocyte mitochondria. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if PGR impairs cardiac metabolism, specifically OxPhos. FVB (Friend Virus B‐type) mice were fed a normal‐protein (NP: 20% protein), or low‐protein (LP: 8% protein) isocaloric diet 2 weeks before mating. LP dams produce ∼20% less milk, and pups nursed by LP dams experience reduced growth into adulthood as compared to pups nursed by NP dams. At birth (PN1), pups born to dams fed the NP diet were transferred to LP dams (PGR group) or a different NP dam (control group: CON). At weaning (PN21), all mice were fed the NP diet. At PN22 and PN80, mitochondria were isolated for respirometry (oxygen consumption rate, ) and fluorimetry (reactive oxygen species emission, ) analysis measured as baseline respiration (LEAK) and with saturating ADP (OxPhos). Western blotting at PN22 and PN80 determined protein abundance of uncoupling protein 3, peroxiredoxin‐6, voltage‐dependent anion channel and adenine nucleotide translocator 1 to provide further insight into mitochondrial function. ANOVAs with the main effects of diet, sex and age with α‐level of 0.05 was set a priori. Overall, PGR (7.8 ± 1.1) had significant (P = 0.01) reductions in respiratory control in complex I when compared to CON (8.9 ± 1.0). In general, our results show that PGR led to higher electron leakage in the form of free radical production and reactive oxygen species emission. No significant diet effects were found in protein abundance. The observed reduced respiratory control and increased ROS emission in PGR mice may increase risk for CVD in mice.
Identifying peristaltic pacemaker cells in the upper urinary tract
Authors: Grainger Nathan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractUrine expulsion from the upper urinary tract is a necessary process that eliminates waste, promotes renal filtration and prevents nephron damage. To facilitate the movement of urine boluses throughout the upper urinary tract, smooth muscle cells that line the renal pelvis contract in a coordinated effort to form peristaltic waves. Resident pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis are critical to this process and spontaneously evoke transient depolarizations that initiate each peristaltic wave and establish rhythmic contractions. Renal pacemakers have been termed atypical smooth muscle cells due to their low expression of smooth muscle myosin and poor organization of myofilaments compared to typical (or contractile) smooth muscle cells that perform peristalsis. Recent findings discovered that pacemaker cells also express the tyrosine kinase receptor PDGFRα, enabling their identification and purification amongst other renal pelvis cell types. Improved identification methods have determined that the calcium‐activated chloride channel, ANO1, is expressed by pacemaker cells and may contribute to spontaneous depolarization. A greater understanding of pacemaker and peristaltic mechanisms is warranted since aberrant contractile function may underlie diseases such as hydronephrosis, a deleterious condition that can cause significant and irreversible nephron injury.
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Turning Region Heat Transfer in Five, Stationary and Rotating, Multipass Channels With Various Aspect Ratios
Authors: Chen I-Lun , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This work summarizes studies that experimentally investigated the effect of rotation on heat transfer in the 180 deg tip and hub turns of cooling channels with various aspect ratios (ARs). The studied AR ranges from 1:4 to 4:1, which is the typical range within turbine blades. In addition to the smooth surface case (baseline case), the cases with 45 deg angled ribs and turning vanes are also included in this work. For several designs, the effect of channel orientation with respect to the angle of rotation is also investigated. This work covers a wide range of Reynolds and buoyancy numbers. The rib turbulators are found to have higher heat transfer enhancement and larger disturbance on the flow impingement on the tip and hub walls in channels with a wider aspect ratio. The rotational effect is reduced by the presence of ribs and turning vanes, and it is also reduced in the blade-shaped channels with the angled rotation feature. The tip wall heat transfer is increased by rotation due to the pumping effect from the centrifugal force; however, the hub wall heat transfer is reduced. The effect of rotation is most prominent in the first pass of the channels and is gradually mitigated in the following pass after the turns. This work provides stationary and rotational heat transfer coefficients in the tip and hub turning regions in blades, and heat transfer correlations for a variety of cooling channel designs are generated, which is of benefit to the gas turbine community.
Microneme-located VP2 in
Eimeria acervulina
elicits effective protective immunity against infectious bursal disease virus
Authors: Yu Ying , Tang Xinming , Duan Chunhui , Suo Jingxia , Crouch Colin , Zhang Sixin , Liu Xianyong , Liu Jie , Bruton Beth , Tarpey Ian , Suo Xun 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Using transgenic
Eimeria
spp. to deliver exogenous antigens is a viable option for developing multivalent live vaccines. Previous research revealed that the location of antigen expression in recombinant
Eimeria
dictates the magnitude and type of immune responses. In this study, we constructed genetically modified
Eimeria acervulina
that expressed VP2 protein, a protective antigen from infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), on the surface or in the microneme of sporozoites. After vaccination, VP2-specific antibody was readily detected in specific pathogen-free chickens receiving transgenic
E. acervulina
parasites expressing VP2 in microneme, but animals vaccinated with which expressing VP2 on surface failed to produce detectable antibody after two times immunizations. Moreover, the bursal lesion of microneme-located VP2 transgenic
E. acervulina
immunized chickens was less severe compared with un-immunized animals after IBDV challenge infection. Therefore, genetically modified
E. acervulina
that express IBDV-derived VP2 in micronemes are effective in inducing specific antibody responses against VP2, while parasites that have VP2 expression on cell surface are not suitable. Thus, the use of
Eimeria
parasites as vaccine vectors needs to consider the proper targeting of exogenous immunogens. Our results have implications for the design of other vector vaccines.
Bleomycin reduces
Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae
infection in honey bees with some evident host toxicity
Authors: Parrella Parker , Elikan Annabelle B. , Kogan Helen V. , Wague Fatoumata , Marshalleck Corey A. , Snow Jonathan W. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Microsporidia cause disease in many beneficial insects, including honey bees, yet few pathogen control tools are available for protecting these important organisms against infection. Some evidence suggests that microsporidia possess a reduced number of genes encoding DNA repair proteins. We hypothesized that microsporidia would thus be susceptible to treatment with DNA-damaging agents and tested this hypothesis using a novel, rapid method for achieving robust and homogenous experimental infection of large numbers of newly emerged honey bees with one of its microsporidia pathogens,
Vairimorpha
(
Nosema
)
ceranae
. In carrying out these experiments, we found this novel
V. ceranae
inoculation method to have similar efficacy as other traditional methods. We show that the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin reduces
V. ceranae
levels, with minimal but measurable effects on honey bee survival and increased expression of midgut cellular stress genes, including those encoding SHSP. Increased expression of
UpdlC
suggests the occurrence of epithelial regeneration, which may contribute to host resistance to bleomycin treatment. While bleomycin does reduce infection levels, host toxicity issues may preclude its use in the field. However, with further work, bleomycin may provide a useful tool in the research setting as a potential selection agent for genetic modification of microsporidia.

IMPORTANCE

Microsporidia cause disease in many beneficial insects, yet there are few tools available for control in the field or laboratory. Based on the reported paucity of DNA repair enzymes found in microsporidia genomes, we hypothesized that these obligate intracellular parasites would be sensitive to DNA damage. In support of this, we observed that the well-characterized DNA damage agent bleomycin can reduce levels of the microsporidia
Vairimorpha
(
Nosema
)
ceranae
in experimental infections in honey bees. Observation of slightly reduced honey bee survival and evidence of sublethal toxicity likely preclude the use of bleomycin in the field. However, this work identifies bleomycin as a compound that merits further exploration for use in research laboratories as a potential selection agent for generating genetically modified microsporidia.
Independent and combined effects of calorie restriction and AICAR on glucose uptake and insulin signaling in skeletal muscles from 24-month-old female and male rats
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Zheng Amy , Thorley Dominic , Arias Edward B. , Cartee Gregory D. 
Published: January 2024

We assessed the effects of two levels of calorie restriction (CR; eating either 15% or 35% less than ad libitum, AL, food intake for 8 weeks) by 24-month-old female and male rats on glucose uptake (GU) and phosphorylation of key signaling proteins (Akt; AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK; Akt substrate of 160 kDa, AS160) measured in isolated skeletal muscles that underwent four incubation conditions (without either insulin or AICAR, an AMPK activator; with AICAR alone; with insulin alone; or with insulin and AICAR). Regardless of sex: (1) neither CR group versus the AL group had greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles; (2) phosphorylation of Akt in insulin-stimulated muscles was increased in 35% CR versus AL rats; (3) prior AICAR treatment of muscle resulted in greater GU by insulin-stimulated muscles, regardless of diet; and (4) AICAR caused elevated phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase, an indicator of AMPK activation, in all diet groups. There was a sexually dimorphic diet effect on AS160 phosphorylation, with 35% CR exceeding AL for insulin-stimulated muscles in male rats, but not in female rats. Our working hypothesis is that the lack of a CR-effect on GU by insulin-stimulated muscles was related to the extended duration of the ex vivo incubation period (290 min compared to 40–50 min that was previously reported to be effective). The observed efficacy of prior treatment of muscles with AICAR to improve glucose uptake in insulin-stimulated muscles supports the strategy of targeting AMPK with the goal of improving insulin sensitivity in older females and males.
Quantum system ascribed to the Oppenheimer–Snyder model of massive stars
Authors: Góźdź Andrzej , Ostrowski Jan J. , Pȩdrak Aleksandra , Piechocki Włodzimierz 
Published: January 2024

AbstractWe quantize the Oppenheimer–Snyder model of black holes using the integral quantization method. We treat spatial and temporal coordinates on the same footing at both the classical and quantum levels. Our quantization resolves or smears the singularities of the classical curvature invariants. Quantum trajectories with bounces can replace singular classical trajectories. The considered quantum black hole may have finite bouncing time. As a by-product, we obtain the resolution of the gravitational singularity of the Schwarzschild black hole at the quantum level.