bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Dual Doping of Sulfur and Copper for Improved Thermoelectric Properties of Silver Selenide Nanomaterials
Authors: Han Yue , Li Xiaohan , Jin Yifang , Wang Xiaolin , Sun Xingnan , An Cheng Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch on flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials has typically focused on conducting polymers and conducting polymer‐based composites. However, achieving TE properties comparable in magnitude to those exhibited by their inorganic counterparts remains a formidable challenge. This study focuses on the synthesis of silver selenide (Ag2Se) nanomaterials using solvothermal methods and demonstrates a significant enhancement in their TE properties through the synergistic dual doping of sulfur and copper. Flexible TE thin films demonstrating excellent flexibility are successfully fabricated using vacuum filtration and hot‐pressing techniques. The resulting thin films also exhibited outstanding TE performance, with a high Seebeck coefficient (S = −138.5 µV K−1) and electrical conductivity (σ = 1.19 × 105 S m−1). The record power factor of 2296.8 µW m−1 K−2 at room temperature is primarily attributed to enhanced carrier transport and interfacial energy filtration effects in the composite material. Capitalizing on these excellent TE properties, the maximum power output of flexible TE devices reached 1.13 µW with a temperature difference of 28.6 K. This study demonstrates the potential of Ag2Se‐based TE materials for flexible and efficient energy‐harvesting applications.
Rational Construction of 3D Self‐Supported MOF‐Derived Cobalt Phosphide‐Based Hollow Nanowall Arrays for Efficient Overall Water Splitting At large Current Density
Authors: Kong Dezhi , Xu Qingguo , Chu Ningning , Wang Hui , Lim Yew Von , Cheng Jinbing , Huang Shaozhuan , Xu Tingting , Li Xinjian , Wang Ye , Luo Yongsong , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient nonprecious bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) in the same electrolyte with a low overpotential and large current density presents an appealing yet challenging goal for large‐scale water electrolysis. Herein, a unique 3D self‐branched hierarchical nanostructure composed of ultra‐small cobalt phosphide (CoP) nanoparticles embedded into N, P‐codoped carbon nanotubes knitted hollow nanowall arrays (CoPʘNPCNTs HNWAs) on carbon textiles (CTs) through a carbonization‐phosphatization process is presented. Benefiting from the uniform protrusion distributions of CoP nanoparticles, the optimum CoPʘNPCNTs HNWAs composites with high abundant porosity exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability for OER in alkaline conditions, as well as for HER in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes, even under large current densities. Furthermore, the assembled CoPʘNPCNTs/CTs||CoPʘNPCNTs/CTs electrolyzer demonstrates exceptional performance, requiring an ultralow cell voltage of 1.50 V to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting (OWS) with favorable stability, even achieving a large current density of 200 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of 1.78 V. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation further reveals that all the C atoms between N and P atoms in CoPʘNPCNTs/CTs act as the most efficient active sites, significantly enhancing the electrocatalytic properties. This strategy, utilizing 2D MOF arrays as a structural and compositional material to create multifunctional composites/hybrids, opens new avenues for the exploration of highly efficient and robust non‐noble‐metal catalysts for energy‐conversion reactions.
Aluminum Halide‐Based Electron‐Selective Passivating Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Kun , Xing Chunfang , Xu Dacheng , Lou Xinliang , Wang Xinyu , Li Kun , Li Wenhao , Mao Jie , Zheng Peiting , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Xinbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExtensive research has focused on developing wide‐bandgap metal compound‐based passivating contacts as alternatives to conventional doped‐silicon‐layer‐based passivating contacts to mitigate parasitic absorption losses in crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. Herein, thermally‐evaporated aluminum halides (AlX)‐based electron‐selective passivating contacts for c‐Si solar cells are investigated. A low contact resistivity of 60.5 and 38.4 mΩ cm2 is obtained on the AlClx/n‐type c‐Si (n‐Si) and AlFx/n‐Si heterocontacts, respectively, thanks to the low work function of AlX. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 19.1% and 19.6% are achieved on proof‐of‐concept n‐Si solar cells featuring a full‐area AlClx/Al and AlFx/Al passivating contact, respectively. By further implementing an ultrathin SiO2 passivation interlayer and a pre‐annealing treatment, the electron selectivity (especially the surface passivation) of AlX is significantly enhanced. Accordingly, a remarkable PCE of 21% is achieved on n‐Si solar cells featuring a full‐area SiO2/AlFx/Al rear contact. AlFx‐based electron‐selective passivating contacts exhibit good thermal stability up to ≈400 °C and better long‐term environmental stability. This work demonstrates the potential of AlFx‐based electron‐selective passivating contact for solar cells.
Epitaxially Grown Mechanically Robust 2D Thin Film of Secondary Interactions Led Molecularly Woven Material
Authors: Marvaniya Karan , Dobariya Priyanka , Maurya Ashish , Patel Ketan , Kushwaha Shilpi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMolecularly woven materials with striking mechanical resilience, and 2D controlled topologies like textiles, fishing nets, and baskets are highly anticipated. Molecular weaving exclusively apprehended by the secondary interactions expanding to laterally grown 2D self‐assemblies with retained crystalline arrangement is stimulating. The interlacing entails planar molecules screwed together to form 2D woven thin films. Here, secondary interactions led 2D interlaced molecularly woven material (2°MW) built by 1D helical threads of organic chromophores twisted together via end‐to‐end CH···O connections, held strongly at inter‐crossing by multiple OH···N interactions to prevent slippage is presented. Whereas, 1D helical threads with face‐to‐face O–H···O connections sans interlacing led the non‐woven material (2°NW). The polarity‐driven directionality in 2°MW led the water‐actuated epitaxial growth of 2D‐sheets to lateral thin films restricted to nano‐scale thickness. The molecularly woven thin film is self‐healing, flexible, and mechanically resilient in nature, while maintaining the crystalline regularity is attributed to the supple secondary interactions (2°).
Enhancing Electrode Performance through Triple Distribution Modulation of Active Material, Conductive Agent, and Porosity
Authors: He Renjie , Cai Chuyue , Li Siwu , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for large‐scale energy storage propels the development of lithium‐ion batteries with high energy and high power density. Low tortuosity electrodes with aligned straight channels have proved to be effective in building such batteries. However, manufacturing such low tortuosity electrodes in large scale remains extremely challenging. In contrast, high‐performance electrodes with customized gradients of materials and porosity are possible to be made by industrial roll‐to‐roll coating process. Yet, the desired design of gradients combining materials and porosity is unclear for high‐performance gradient electrodes. Here, triple gradient LiFePO4 electrodes (TGE) are fabricated featuring distribution modulation of active material, conductive agent, and porosity by combining suction filtration with the phase inversion method. The effects and mechanism of active material, conductive agent, and porosity distribution on electrode performance are analyzed by experiments. It is found that the electrode with a gradual increase of active material content from current collector to separator coupled with the distribution of conductive agent and porosity in the opposite direction, demonstrates the best rate capability, the fastest electrochemical reaction kinetics, and the highest utilization of active material. This work provides valuable insights into the design of gradient electrodes with high performance and high potential in application.
A Disposable Thermally Triggered Photonic Crystal Anti‐Counterfeiting Tag with Irreversible Response and Multi‐Step Color Changes
Authors: Wang Jieqiu , Yin Tian , Ge Jianping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThermochromic photonic crystal (PC) is a promising material for anti‐counterfeiting applications, but there are still challenges to further improve the anti‐counterfeiting performance and the practicability in usage. Here, a disposable thermally triggered PC anti‐counterfeiting tag with irreversible response and multi‐step color changes is developed based on the thermochromic Silica/(Polyethylene glycol‐Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate) (SiO2/(PEG‐ETPTA)) double‐layer film. The fast and irreversible thermal response come from the quick melting and infiltration of PEG‐ETPTA into the PCs upon heating. The multi‐step color change at different temperatures originated from the regioselective control of the UV curing degree of the PEG‐ETPTA layer and the resulting thermochromic temperature of the double‐layer film. Therefore, the invisible PC pattern on the tag can be revealed part by part upon heating and became invisible again after overheating, which offered diversified visual effects and enhanced anti‐counterfeiting performances.
P‐N Bonds‐Mediated Atomic‐Level Charge‐Transfer Channel Fabricated between Violet Phosphorus and Carbon Nitride Favors Charge Separation and Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Yan , Ma Ming , Zhao Xuewen , Zhang Jinying , Zhang Fuxiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeterostructures are widely employed in photocatalysis to promote charge separation and photocatalytic activity. However, their benefits are limited by the linkages and contact environment at the interface. Herein, violet phosphorus quantum dots (VPQDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are employed as model materials to form VPQDs/g‐C3N4 heterostructures by a simple ultrasonic pulse excitation method. The heterostructure contains strong interfacial P‐N bonds that mitigate interfacial charge‐separation issues. P‐P bond breakage occurs in the distinctive cage‐like [P9] VPQD units during longitudinal disruption, thereby exposing numerous active P sites that bond with N atoms in g‐C3N4 under ultrasonic pulse excitation. The atomic‐level interfacial P–N bonds of the Z‐scheme VPQDs/g‐C3N4 heterostructure serve as photogenerated charge‐transfer channels for improved electron‐hole separation efficiency. This results in excellent photocatalytic performance with a hydrogen evolution rate of 7.70 mmol g−1 h−1 (over 9.2 and 8.5 times greater than those of pure g‐C3N4 and VPQDs, respectively) and apparent quantum yield of 11.68% at 400 nm. Using atomic‐level chemical bonds to promote interfacial charge separation in phosphorene heterostructures is a feasible and effective design strategy for photocatalytic water‐splitting materials.
Carbon Dots with Spatially‐Mediated‐N/S‐Co‐Doping Enabling One‐Year Stable Lubricant with Oil Leakage Detection Capability
Authors: Xue Shenghua , Cui Yuhong , Jin Guangkai , Wang Hongyue , Liu Shujuan , Ye Qian , Wang Hongqiang , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe dispersion stability of nano‐lubricating additives is crucial for the shelf life of lubricant and its practical applications. Nitrogen–sulfur co‐doped carbon dots (N,S@CDs) via a one‐step hydrothermal method with nitropyrene and thiourea as raw materials are hereby presented. The N and S elements are selectively distributed throughout the entire carbon skeleton with a doping amount of 22.6 at%. The as‐synthesized N,S@CDs exhibit excellent dispersion stability in PEG200 and maintain stability for over one year. The experiment results indicate that N,S@CDs significantly improve the anti‐wear and friction reduction properties of PEG200, while the friction coefficient is reduced from 0.25 to 0.09 with 1.5 wt% N,S@CDs addition, and the wear volume, depth, and width are reduced by 68%, 52%, and 57%, respectively. The good lubrication performance is attributed to N,S@CDs excellent dispersion stability, enhanced filling and polishing effects, and complex tribochemical reactions caused by heteroatom doping to form a stable protective film on the worn surface. Furthermore, the as‐prepared N,S@CDs exhibit intrinsic fluorescence intensity in PEG200 with the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 12.5% and remain fluorescent stable during the long‐term friction process, therefore the N,S@CDs have a potential application prospect in non‐destructive detection of oil leakage via fluorescence labeling method.
In‐Plane Topological‐Defect‐Enriched Graphene as an Efficient Metal‐Free Catalyst for pH‐Universal H2O2 Electrosynthesis
Authors: Mou Zhixing , Mu Yuewen , Liu Lijia , Cao Daili , Chen Shuai , Yan Wenjun , Zhou Haiqing , Chan Ting‐Shan , Chang Lo‐Yueh , Fan Xiujun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient metal‐free catalysts to directly synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through a 2‐electron (2e) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for substituting the traditional energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. Here, in‐plane topological defects enriched graphene with pentagon‐S and pyrrolic‐N coordination (SNC) is synthesized via the process of hydrothermal and nitridation. In SNC, pentagon‐S and pyrrolic‐N originating from thiourea precursor are covalently grafted onto the basal plane of the graphene framework, building unsymmetrical dumbbell‐like S─C─N motifs, which effectively modulates atomic and electronic structures of graphene. The SNC catalyst delivers ultrahigh H2O2 productivity of 8.1, 7.3, and 3.9 mol gcatalyst−1 h−1 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes, respectively, together with long‐term operational stability in pH‐universal electrolytes, outperforming most reported carbon catalysts. Theoretical calculations further unveil that defective S─C─N motifs efficiently optimize the binding strength to OOH* intermediate and substantially diminish the kinetic barrier for reducing O2 to H2O2, thereby promoting the intrinsic activity of 2e‐ORR.
Biomimetic Nano‐Cancer Stem Cell Scavenger for Inhibition of Breast Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis after FLASH‐Radiotherapy
Authors: Suo Meng , Shen Hanchen , Lyu Meng , Jiang Yi , Liao Xiaoming , Tang Wei , Pan You , Zhang Tianfu , Ning Shipeng , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCompared to conventional radiotherapy (RT), FLASH‐RT delivers ultra‐high dose radiation, significantly reducing damage to normal tissue while guaranteeing the effect of cancer treatment. However, cancer recurrence and metastasis frequently occur after all RT due to the existence of intractable cancer stem cells (CSCs). To address this, a biomimetic nanoplatform (named TAFL) of tumor‐derived exosome fusion liposomes is designed by co‐loading aggregation‐induced emission photothermal agents, TPE‐BBT, and anti‐cancer drugs, aspirin, aiming to clear CSCs for inhibiting cancer recurrence and metastasis after FLASH‐RT therapy . Aspirin released in TAFL system triggered by laser irradiation can induce apoptosis and DNA damage of 4T1 CSCs, comprehensively downregulate their stemness phenotype, and inhibit their sphericity. Furthermore, the TPE‐BBT mediated mild‐photothermal therapy can alleviate the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, inhibit the DNA repair of CSCs, which further amplifies the effect of aspirin against CSCs, therefore reduces the effective dose of aspirin, making TAFL more biologically safe. In vivo experimental results demonstrated that decreased CSCs population mediated by TAFL system treatment significantly inhibited tumor recurrence and metastasis after FLASH‐RT therapy. In summary, this TAFL system provides a new idea for the future clinical application of FLASH‐RT therapy.
Highly Efficient Solar‐Light‐Driven Photodegradation of Metronidazole by Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Nanocubes Showing Enhanced Catalytic Performances
Authors: Lushaj Edlind , Bordin Matteo , Akbar Kamran , Liccardo Letizia , Barroso‐Martín Isabel , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Vomiero Alberto , Moretti Elisa , Polo Federico 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEnvironmental pollution is a complex problem that threatens the health and life of animal and plant ecosystems on the planet. In this respect, the scientific community faces increasingly challenging tasks in designing novel materials with beneficial properties to address this issue. This study describes a simple yet effective synthetic protocol to obtain nickel hexacyanoferrate (Ni‐HCF) nanocubes as a suitable photocatalyst, which can enable an efficient photodegradation of hazardous anthropogenic organic contaminants in water, such as antibiotics. Ni‐HCF nanocubes are fully characterized and their optical and electrochemical properties are investigated. Preliminary tests are also carried out to photocatalytically remove metronidazole (MDZ), an antibiotic that is difficult to degrade and has become a common contaminant as it is widely used to treat infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms. Under simulated solar light, Ni‐HCF displays substantial photocatalytic activity, degrading 94.3% of MDZ in 6 h. The remarkable performance of Ni‐HCF nanocubes is attributeto a higher ability to separate charge carriers and to a lower resistance toward charge transfer, as confirmed by the electrochemical characterization. These achievements highlight the possibility of combining the performance of earth‐abundant catalysts with a renewable energy source for environmental remediation, thus meeting the requirements for sustainable development.
Atomic Imaging of the Pb Precipitation in Lead‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Liu Yusheng , Ma Mengmeng , Zhang Xuliang , Song Bin , Chen Xiao , Wei Fei , Yuan Jianyu , Shen Boyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe lead iodide (PbI2) in lead‐halide perovskite (LHP) is both a positive additive for material properties and a site for the formation of device defects. Therefore, atomic‐level detection of PbI2 and its derived Pb structures are crucial for understanding the performance and stability of the LHP material. In this work, the atomic imaging of the LHP, PbI2, and Pb lattices is achieved using low‐dose integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Combining it with the traditional high‐angle annular dark field (HAADF)‐STEM, the Pb precipitation in different LHPs (CsPbI3, CsPbBr3, and FAPbI3) and under different conditions (light, air, and heat) can be investigated in real space. Then, the features of Pb precipitation (positions and sizes) are visually revealed under different conditions and the stabilities of different LHPs. Meanwhile, the pathway of Pb precipitation is directly imaged and confirmed by the iDPC‐STEM during an in situ heating process, supporting the detailed mechanism of Pb precipitation. These results provide the visual evidence for analyzing atomic Pb precipitation in LHPs, which helps better understand the structure‐property relation induced by Pb impurity.
Tetradentate Pt(II) Complexes with Bulky Carbazole Moieties for High‐Efficiency and Narrow‐Emitting Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Cheong Kiun , Han Seung Won , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBlue tetradentate Pt(II) complexes, Pt‐tBuCz and Pt‐dipCz, are synthesized by introducing carbazoles with bulky substituents for improving the rigidity and inhibiting intermolecular interactions of phosphorescent emitter. tert‐Butyl and 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl groups are substituted as the blocking groups at 3 position of the carbazole in Pt‐tBuCz and Pt‐dipCz, respectively. These new phosphorescent emitters exhibit a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) and a high horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio. Pt‐dipCz demonstrates a small FWHM of 24 nm, a high emitting dipole orientation ratio of 81%, and a high photoluminescence quantum yield value of 94%. As a result, the Pt‐tBuCz and Pt‐dipCz devices exhibited external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 23.7% and 25.0% with small FWHMs of 25 and 22 nm, respectively. For the Pt‐dipCz device, the small FWHM and high EQE of >20% are maintained even at a doping concentration of 20 wt%. Furthermore, phosphor‐sensitized organic light‐emitting diodes fabricated using Pt‐dipCz as a sensitizer achieved a high EQE of 31.4% with an FWHM of 18 nm. This result indicates that the 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl group is a effective blocking group for Pt(II) complexes to develop highly efficient, color stable, doping concentration resistant, and efficiently sensitizing blue phosphors.
Transformer oil‐based Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid flow configured by a porous rotating disk with hall current
Authors: Paul Ashish , Patgiri Bhagyashri , Sarma Neelav 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present work examines the 3D, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic, mixed convective, and Darcy‐Forchheimer Casson /transformer oil ternary hybrid nanofluid flow configured by a porous rotatory disk. This research work takes into account the influences of hall current, thermophoresis, heat absorption/generation, Brownian motion, joule heating, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, activation energy, and velocity slip condition. The administrative partial differential equations (PDEs) that expound the problem are modified into a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by imposing a similarity conversion, which is further solved numerically by adapting the worthy bvp4c scheme. The velocity, thermal, and mass profiles are delineated through graphs, and the features of skin friction coefficient, heat, and mass transmission are also explicated thoroughly via tables. One significant observation of this research is that the Casson parameter weakens transversal velocity whereas a reverse tendency is noticed against the radial velocity. Our obtained outputs affirm that Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid has respectively 10.93 % and 8.86% higher heat deliverance rate when compared to Casson nanofluid and Casson hybrid nanofluid. Besides, the Casson ternary hybrid nanofluid has respectively 33.68 % and 27.52% higher mass deliverance rate when compared to the Casson nanofluid and Casson hybrid nanofluid. Also, the sturdy values of the Casson parameter lessen the skin friction coefficient. The inferences derived from our research may advantageously be used in rotating types of machinery, medical equipment, gas turbine rotators, etc.
Emerging role of complement in COVID-19 and other respiratory virus diseases
Authors: Xiao Mark T. , Ellsworth Calder R. , Qin Xuebin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe complement system, a key component of innate immunity, provides the first line of defense against bacterial infection; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that it may also engender severe complications in the context of viral respiratory disease. Here, we review the mechanisms of complement activation and regulation and explore their roles in both protecting against infection and exacerbating disease. We discuss emerging evidence related to complement-targeted therapeutics in COVID-19 and compare the role of the complement in other respiratory viral diseases like influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. We review recent mechanistic studies and animal models that can be used for further investigation. Novel knockout studies are proposed to better understand the nuances of the activation of the complement system in respiratory viral diseases.