bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal evaluation of accessibility: higher education web sites
Authors: Hackett Stephanie , Parmanto Bambang 
Published: July 2005

PurposeUsing Internet Archive's Wayback Machine, higher education web sites were retrospectively analyzed to study the effects that technological advances in web design have had on accessibility for persons with disabilities.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sample of higher education web sites was studied for years 1997‐2002. The homepage and pages 1‐level down were evaluated. Web accessibility barrier (WAB) and complexity scores were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine trends in the data and Pearson's correlation (r) was computed to evaluate the relationship between accessibility and complexity.FindingsHigher education web sites become progressively inaccessible as complexity increases.Research limitations/implicationsThe WAB score is a proxy of web accessibility. While the WAB score can give an indication of the accessibility of a web site, it cannot differentiate between barriers posing minimal limitations and those posing absolute inaccessibility. A future study is planned to have users with disabilities examine web sites with differing WAB scores to correlate how well the WAB score is gauging accessibility of web sites from the perspective of the user.Practical implicationsFindings from studies such as this can lead to improved guidelines, policies, and overall awareness of web accessibility for persons with disabilities.Originality/valueThere are limited studies that have taken a longitudinal look at the accessibility of web sites and explored the reasons for the trend of decreasing accessibility.
Internet banking adoption strategies for a developing country: the case of Thailand
Authors: Jaruwachirathanakul Bussakorn , Fink Dieter 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe objective of the paper is to identify the factors that encourage consumers to adopt internet banking services in Thailand and to use the study's findings to develop strategies for banks on how to maximize the rate of adoption.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research with a sample size of 600 achieved by sending questionnaires to 15 people in each of 40 large companies in Bangkok. The study is based on the Decomposed Planned Behaviour.FindingsThe attitudinal factors that appear to encourage the adoption of internet banking in Thailand most are “Features of the web site” and “Perceived usefulness”, while the most significant impediment to adoption is a perceived behavioural control, namely “External environment”. The significant moderating factors are gender, educational level, income, internet experience and internet banking experience, but not age.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, encouragement factors are those that are able to be controlled by banks, while impediment factors are those that are not able to be controlled.Practical implicationsIt is essential for banks to facilitate encouragement and restrict impediment factors. In addition to the direct “push” from internet banks (in respect of the encouragement factors), indirect persuasion should be carried out as a “pull” mechanism (in respect of the impediment factors).Originality/valueThe study identified a number of specific strategies that Thai banks could follow to maximize the adoption of internet banking.
Online shopping, the standard learning hierarchy, and consumers' internet expertise
Authors: Martínez‐López Francisco J. , Luna Paula , José Martínez Francisco 
Published: July 2005

PurposeFirst, to theoretically justify and empirically test the sequence of effects based on the standard learning hierarchy to explain consumers' online buying‐related responses. Second, to analyse the moderating role that consumers' internet expertise can play on the formation of both their affective and buying‐related responses towards this medium.Design/methodology/approachThis study poses a conceptual model which is tested by means of LISREL. The data used come from a questionnaire applied to American and Spanish internet users. These two countries have been selected taking into account their differences regarding their degree of internet expertise.FindingsThe modelling approach appears to be adequate to explain online consumer behaviour. Moreover, different levels of consumers' internet expertise determines, in general, the predominance of the central or the peripheral route within the formation of their affective and behavioural responses to this medium.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a relevant contribution to the field of consumer behaviour on the internet. It presents an extensive literature review; it introduces new concepts and new relations among them; it successfully adapts classic consumer theories, i.e. the CAB paradigm and the Elaboration Likelihood Model – to the electronic market context; and it has a cross‐national vision.Practical implicationsIt shows how any virtual firm which endeavours to understand consumers' shopping behaviour in its web site should consider these general issues in conjunction with the rest of the specific factors and variables related to it.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies which, on the one hand, theoretically integrates in a model the following concepts: beliefs and attitude towards the internet, trust in internet shopping and online shopping, and on the other, demonstrates that the degree of internet expertise plays an essential role in determining how consumers process and form their affective and buying‐related responses on the internet.
Online grocery retailing: what do consumers think?
Authors: Ramus Kim , Asger Nielsen Niels 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo use the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework to explore in depth the range of beliefs held by consumers about internet shopping in general and internet grocery shopping in particular.Design/methodology/approachSeven focus group interviews, four in the United Kingdom and three in Denmark, were conducted among consumers with different degrees of experience with internet grocery shopping. This diversification of respondents was chosen to capture a broad range of the consumer beliefs that predict intentions to buy groceries online or not. The TPB framework was used to construct the interview guide that was followed in all focus groups.FindingsAn unexpected result of the explorative study was that the seven groups consisting of more or less experienced internet shoppers differed only little in their pool of beliefs (outcome and control beliefs). Beliefs about internet grocery shopping, positive as well as negative, were remarkably congruent across groups. In the minds of consumers, internet grocery shopping is an advantage compared with conventional grocery shopping in terms of convenience, product range and price. Disadvantages, which could act as mental barriers, are, for instance, the risk of receiving inferior quality groceries and the loss of the recreational aspect of grocery shopping.Research limitations/implicationsAn important potential limitation of this research is the choice of focus groups as research methodology, which can prevent the elicitation of certain types of beliefs. If important beliefs concern issues of a more sensitive, personal character they are not likely to be mentioned in a focus group. Another limitation is the explorative nature of the research, which makes it impossible to attach weights to the importance of the elicited beliefs in predicting internet shopping behavior.Practical implicationsThe findings could be used to direct attention to consumer beliefs about internet grocery shopping which have the potential of acting as barriers to this line of e‐commerce.Originality/valueTo shed some light on the role of consumers in an underperforming and understudied branch of internet retailing. Barriers in the consumers' minds to shop for groceries online are identified using an established theoretical framework.
Three trips around the innovation track: an interview with Clayton Christensen
Authors: Knight Daniel J. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeInterviews Professor Clayton Christensen, who has authored or co‐authored three groundbreaking books that together frame the daunting problems that managers must confront when they lead innovation initiatives.Design/methodology/approachStrategy & Leadership contributing editor, Dan Knight, asked Christensen about the finding of his research and its implications for managers.FindingsMost managers are not familiar with Christensen's contention that leading companies fail after only a few decades at the head of the pack because they rely on two conventionally accepted concepts: listen to your best customers and focus investments on the products with high profit margins. Companies that pay exclusive attention to their current top customers and ignore the first minute signals of disruptive forces emerging in their market will not adopt innovation that will make them successful long‐term.Research limitations/implicationsChristensen alludes to his research methodology and suggest that it is superior to that of most observers of the innovation process. A comparative study would be valuable.Practical implicationsChristensen suggests that organizations segment their markets by “customer jobs to be done” in order to identify new growth opportunities. He explains why when you are growing, innovation proves to be a lot easier than when you stop growing. Another nugget: “being a serial disrupter means that on a regular and rhythmic basis you launch new disruptive innovations when you don't really need new growth.”Originality/valueWhile all of Christensen theories have been explained in his books, many managers are likely still unfamiliar with the many practical implications of his unconventional wisdom. The interview serves as a lucid introduction to ideas like managing disruptive innovation.
A leader's guide to creating an innovation culture
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: July 2005

PurposeAdvising top management how to find the right balance between corporate creativity and efficiency in order to turn innovation into commercial reality.Design/methodology/approachThe author interviewed senior corporate managers and reviewed the literature.FindingsInventiveness is required in everything that is done by the company, not just in marketing or in new product development. A key factor in boosting innovativeness is establishing the right organizational climate to nurture the creative potential of employees and make use of their knowledge of customers, competitors, and processes. When leveraging the best innovation practices of other companies look to their philosophy and values.Research limitations/implicationsMore interviews and a study to determine long‐term success factors would be advisable.Practical implicationsKey practices: place people and ideas at the heart of management philosophy; give people room to grow, to try and learn from mistakes; build a strong sense of openness and trust and community; and facilitate the internal mobility of talent.Originality/valueThe author advises innovation leaders on steps they can take to strike the right balance between corporate creativity and efficiency.
Highlights of The Association for Strategic Planning's 2004 conference, “Strategy in a turbulent world”
Authors: Abraham Stan 
Published: July 2005

PurposeTo present the highlights of The Association for Strategic Planning's 2004 conference, “Strategy in a Turbulent World”.Design/methodology/approachS&L Contributing Editor Stan Abraham attended the conference and selected the most interesting presentations for his report.FindingsHighlights include: Dwight Allen, “Globalization at risk,” David La Piana, “Nonprofit organizations,” Peter Bershatsky, “Managing innovation,” and Doug Randall, “Imagine the future.”Research limitations/implicationsThese are conference presentations with various research methodologies.Originality/valueIn his presentation, Dwight Allen suggests that great uncertainty exists as to how international or global trade might develop. Faced with such uncertainty, strategists should undertake scenario planning to develop flexible strategies that can be implemented in a variety of futures.
Strategize on a napkin
Authors: Keidel Robert W. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe author urges managers to pay more respect to the time‐honored tradition of sketching ideas on the back of an envelope or a napkin managers. It is a way to become more skilled at imaginatively using simple yet sophisticated cognitive tools.Design/methodology/approachA number of examples of using images to achieve leaps of learning are cited.FindingsSenior managers often make breakthrough ideas at informal sessions when they sketch their thoughts literally on a napkin.Research limitations/implicationsCrafting strategy on a piece of paper is a creative activity ripe for both exploration and exploitation in all organizations.Practical implicationsManagers should save the napkin on which they have sketched out their bold idea and present it at future sessions for reevaluation.Originality/valueAn entertaining look at how important ideas germinate and get communicated.
Organizational creativity: breaking equilibrium and order to innovate
Authors: Borghini Stefania 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe aim of this paper is twofold: to propose a new theoretical framework to interpret organizational creativity as a process of situated and distributed cognition in a sense‐making perspective; and to identify the system of tools which influences this process.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis developed in the paper is theoretical, as it is rooted in a rich literature review concerning organizational creativity and in the proposal to enrich these studies by applying a cognitive and a sense‐making perspective.FindingsThe paper provides a novel framework as well as new levels of analysis.Originality/valueCompared with previous contributions, the main theoretical thesis is that a firm's creativity is achieved only if some of the well‐established mediating structures that influence creativity are intentionally broken or renewed. This proposal can provide insights for researchers and managers as well.
Knowledge management and business intelligence: the importance of integration
Authors: Herschel Richard T. , Jones Nory E. 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the difference between business intelligence (BI) and knowledge management (KM) and to establish a framework for relating one field to the other.Design/methodology/approachA review of the literature from approximately 1986 through 2004 served as the basis for analysis and comparison of BI and KM. The theoretical scope of the paper is to distinguish between BI and KM to clarify the role of each in a business environment.FindingsBI focuses on explicit knowledge, but KM encompasses both tacit and explicit knowledge. Both concepts promote learning, decision making, and understanding. Yet, KM can influence the very nature of BI itself. Hence, this paper explains the nature of the integration between BI and KM and makes it clear that BI should be viewed as a subset of KM.Originality/valueThis paper establishes a clear distinction between two important fields of study, BI and KM, establishing an expanded role for BI. That is, the role of BI in knowledge improvement. This expanded role also suggests that the effectiveness of a BI will, in the future, be measured based on how well it promotes and enhances knowledge, how well it improves the mental model(s) and understanding of the decision maker(s) and thereby how well it improves their decision making and hence firm performance. The need for the integration of KM and BI is clear.
The knowledge retrieval matrix: codification and personification as separate strategies
Authors: Gammelgaard Jens , Ritter Thomas 
Published: July 2005

PurposeProposes that multinational companies (MNCs) establish virtual communities of practice, i.e. intranet‐based collaborative forums, and thereby benefit from a combination of codification and personification strategies in order to solve knowledge retrieval problems for the knowledge worker.Design/methodology/approachBased on an overview of the problems related to retrieval (i.e. individual decoding and interpretation of knowledge), a literature review on individual memory, databases, social capital and virtual communities of practice reveals a knowledge retrieval means matrix, paying respect to retrieval processes.FindingsVirtual communities of practice are suggested as a strategy for internationally‐operating corporations that cannot develop regular face‐to‐face contact between employees, but still need some degree of personification for efficient knowledge transfers.Research limitations/implicationsBeing a conceptual paper, quantitative/qualitative integration will enrich the debate further. Also, the very narrow focus on firms' information systems excludes important aspects such as knowledge creation, transfer stickiness, and application of retrieved knowledge.Practical implicationsThe knowledge retrieval means matrix is a useful instrument for managers to map and further develop their organizations for better utilization of the organizational memory.Originality/valueThe combined tripartition of virtual communities, the combination of codification and personalization, and knowledge retrieval is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, presented for the first time.
The role of diverse institutional agendas in the importation of convergence policy into the Indian communications sector
Authors: Menon Siddhartha 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe primary purpose of this paper is to explore the importation of the convergence idea into the Indian regulatory and institutional context.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives of this paper were largely achieved by utilizing textual or policy document analysis. This methodological technique involves an analysis of primary and some secondary sources including: statements from policy makers and direct quotations from policy documents. In theoretical terms, this inquiry is grounded in institutionalism.FindingsBarriers to achieving real convergence are not merely a function of perceptual flaws in regulatory measures or shortcomings of the industries involved, but are endemic to unrealistic conceptualizations of the phenomenon in the literature.Research limitations/implicationsMore quantitative metrics could be added. However, if more quantitative methods are added the paper needs to be re‐written to accommodate them. Also a comparative perspective could be added, but then again the paper would have to be re‐designed.Practical implicationsThis paper offers numerous concrete and practical applications for those in government and industry who are struggling with the convergence issue. For policymakers it provides insights for how governments and consultants may impact the progress of convergence. The paper also illustrates structural factors that industry will face in India in rolling out converged or multi‐media services.Originality/valueConvergence in the Indian case is greatly under researched. While there has been considerable research into regulatory issues of the nation's telecommunications and broadcast industries, few if any studies have addressed convergence among distinct mediated communication forms. Inquiry into role the regulatory role of consultant firms is particularly lacking.
Do we need broadband? Impacts of broadband in Korea
Authors: Lee Heejin , Oh Sangjo , Shim Yongwoon 
Published: July 2005

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the widely‐held assumption that broadband infrastructure will bring social and economic benefits.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines the impacts of broadband in Korea, a country with the highest penetration rate of broadband. The current status of broadband in Korea is examined, followed by an assessment of its impact on electronic commerce, overall economic effects and new business opportunities.FindingsThere is evidence of positive impacts of broadband development in Korea. Most importantly, broadband internet not only provides a driving force for new businesses for related industries, but also forms a springboard for future infrastructure in the network economy.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper focuses on positive impacts, which are largely anecdotal, and does not seek to assess negative impacts.Originality/valueThere has been little research into the socio‐economic benefits of broadband. In addition, the paper provides a snapshot of development in South Korea.
A CSR framework due to multiculturalism: the Swiss Re case
Authors: Sachs Sybille , Rühli Edwin , Mittnacht Veronika 
Published: July 2005

PurposeOwing to the fact that the concept of “CSR orientation in different cultural settings” is still quite unexplored, both in CSR theory and in empirical research the paper aims to contribute to the question of how corporations can deal with different CSR orientations when they perform their activities in different cultural settingsDesign/methodology/approachTheoretically, the analysis is based on two well‐known corporate social responsibility (CSR) approaches: first, reference is made to Carroll who reflects the economic paradigm as the basic layer of a pyramid in all cultural settings as economic responsibility and, on the opposite side, to Kang and Wood who give priority to moral and social responsibilities aligned to the difference of cultural settings. Based on the comparison of these theories in addition to a qualitative case study in the reinsurance industry some practical insights will be provided into and managerial implications developed regarding how to respond to the challenges of corporate responsibility due to multiculturalism.FindingsIt is claimed that corporations which follow a CSR understanding corresponding to the pyramid of Kang and Wood are better prepared to deal with differences regarding CSR orientation in different cultures compared with corporations that are based on the thinking of Carroll's pyramid.Originality/valueChanging societal concerns and different local expectations across various countries, in the context of instantaneous world‐wide communication, have strongly increased the exposure of corporations to external criticism and challenge. These effects are intensified for large multinational firms, where complex interactions among distant and diverse constituencies have become commonplace. Broad societal concerns challenge the core strategies of corporations and require strategic responses. But this important strategic challenge response process cannot be analyzed within the traditional views of the firm. Therefore, a paradigm shift is asked in corporate responsibility.