bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out with the Old, In with the Republicans? The Partisan Push of Legislative Term Limits
Authors: Butcher Jordan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLegislative term limits garnered public support because they promised to drain the swamp, removing entrenched incumbents from office. There is often a partisan dimension to this appeal since “the swamp” that is to be “drained” has often been controlled by one party for a lengthy period. However, it remains unclear to what extent term limits realign partisanship within US state legislatures. Using newly available turnover data, this research evaluates how legislative partisanship shifted after the implementation of term limits in state legislatures and continued over 20 years. The initial surge effects of term limits did appear to level the playing field between parties. The passage of term limits reversed party majorities in state legislatures, primarily benefiting newfound Republican majorities. These findings have important implications for current understandings of legislative term limits, as more states revisit these proposals, and provide insight into party trends at the state legislative level.
Term Limits in France and the United States: A Comparative History of Policy Debate and Adoption
Authors: Fevrat Noemi , Kousser Thad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis article seeks to compare the policy histories of the legislative term limits in France and the United States. Both nations debated, initially adopted, and then ultimately rejected imposing term limits during the foundational moments of their democracies. Reemerging in the 1990s in America, proposals to refresh government through such limits have been successful in the states and have failed at the national level. The idea regained prominence in France when Emmanuel Macron supported it during his 2017 presidential election. Although Macron eventually abandoned the proposal, the revival of this debate is an opportunity to draw broad parallels but identify critical differences between the two nations in the philosophical debates over term limits and the ways that leaders have embraced or abandoned them to fulfill their political goals. We show how the idea circulated between the two nations, without a parallel exchange of evidence about its effects.
Applying Rawls’ Theory of Public Reason to Controversies over Parental Surrogacy
Authors: Appel Jacob M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Parental surrogacy remains a highly controversial issue in contemporary ethics with considerable variation in the legal approaches of different jurisdictions. Finding a societal consensus on the issue remains highly elusive. John Rawls’ theory of public reason, first developed in his A Theory of Justice (1971), offers a unifying model of political discourse and engagement that enables reasonable citizens to accept policies that they do not necessarily support at a personal level. The theory established a promising framework for private citizens with distinct moral positions on the subject to find common ground and, in doing so, to negotiate a consensus regarding the degree and nature of regulation that is palatable to all rational citizens.
Public Reason in Times of Corona: Countering Disinformation in the Netherlands
Authors: Buijsen Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Who should decide what passes for disinformation in a liberal democracy? During the COVID-19 pandemic, a committee set up by the Dutch Ministry of Health was actively blocking disinformation. The committee comprised civil servants, communication experts, public health experts, and representatives of commercial online platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn. To a large extent, vaccine hesitancy was attributed to disinformation, defined as misinformation (or data misinterpreted) with harmful intent. In this study, the question is answered by reflecting on what is needed for us to honor public reason: reasonableness, the willingness to engage in public discourse properly, and trust in the institutions of liberal democracy.
Committed leadership: a prerequisite for successful implementation of recovery during the workday
Authors: Ejlertsson Lina , Brorsson Annika 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to explore the role of managers and employees with an assigned responsibility (i.e. inspirers) when integrating recovery-enhancing activities into everyday work in a primary health care setting.

Background:
The possibility of recovery during the workday is essential for employee wellbeing. However, the literature on workplace interventions focusing on recovery is scarce. Especially with regard to the importance of local driving forces, like managers and inspirers.

Methods:
Two focus groups and two individual interviews were conducted in this qualitative interview study. In total, ten managers and inspirers from different primary health care centres were interviewed about their experiences of brief recovery interventions at their workplaces. A semi-structured interview guide was used, and the qualitative analysis was conducted by using systematic text condensation.

Findings:
From a leadership perspective, two themes with promoting factors for recovery interventions were identified. These were structural promoting factors (including authorisation, communication, and integration) and cultural promoting factors (including attitude, support, and open-mindedness). This knowledge can contribute to future workplace environment development with the focus on recovery during the workday. The results also showed several positive effects of integrated recovery, both on an individual and group level. Hence, this study is a valuable addition to the work recovery research, in terms of understanding the importance of investing in recovery at work.
Reclaiming ritual in palliative care: A hermeneutic narrative review
Authors: Butler Chrystabel , Michael Natasha , Kissane David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the potential of incorporating personally meaningful rituals as a spiritual resource for Western secular palliative care settings. Spiritual care is recognized as critical to palliative care; however, comprehensive interventions are lacking. In postmodern societies, the decline of organized religion has left many people identifying as “no religion” or “spiritual but not religious.” To assess if ritual could provide appropriate and ethical spiritual care for this growing demographic requires comprehensive understanding of the spiritual state and needs of the secular individual in postmodern society, as well as a theoretical understanding of the elements and mechanisms of ritual. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive and theoretically informed exploration of these elements through a critical engagement with heterogeneous literatures.

Methods
A hermeneutic narrative review, inspired by complexity theory, underpinned by a view of understanding of spiritual needs as a complex mind–body phenomenon embedded in sociohistorical context.

Results
This narrative review highlights a fundamental spiritual need in postmodern post-Christian secularism as need for embodied spiritual experience. The historical attrition of ritual in Western culture parallels loss of embodied spiritual experience. Ritual as a mind–body practice can provide an embodied spiritual resource. The origin of ritual is identified as evolutionary adaptive ritualized behaviors universally observed in animals and humans which develop emotional regulation and conceptual cognition. Innate human behaviors of creativity, play, and communication develop ritual. Mechanisms of ritual allow for connection to others as well as to the sacred and transcendent.

Significance of results
Natural and innate behaviors of humans can be used to create rituals for personally meaningful spiritual resources. Understanding the physical properties and mechanisms of ritual making allows anyone to build their own spiritual resources without need of relying on experts or institutionalized programs. This can provide a self-empowering, client-centered intervention for spiritual care.
Velocity vector estimation in automotive radar networks
Authors: Lopez Fernandez Sergio , Samarasekera A. Chaminda J. , Feger Reinhard , Stelzer Andreas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we develop a method for robust single-cycle measurement velocity vector estimation for automotive radar. Building upon our previous work, we introduce a methodology that leverages spatial diversity for accurate estimation of the velocity vector of targets in the medium to close ranges. We extend our initial conceptual framework, addressing limitations from our first approach and proposing necessary enhancements for real-world applicability. Our improved process excels in target separation, identification, and velocity vector estimation, proving effective across various scenarios and minimizing errors. The system, tested on pedestrians and metal targets, presents a promising avenue for exploring its performance with varying target sizes. Simultaneously, our in-depth study on Doppler-multiplex modulation reveals new relevant constraints, prompting a modulation change for improved response separation. Despite the necessity of increasing module numbers for enhanced performance, our structured approach to target itemization and classification positions our methodology as a valuable framework for future systems, offering a comprehensive solution to diverse challenges in target estimation and classification within the automotive landscape.
Cover crops and fall residual herbicides for managing Italian ryegrass
Authors: de Sanctis Jose H S , Cahoon Charles W , Everman Wesley J , Gannon Travis W , Jennings Katherine M , Taylor Zachary R , Dean Brock A , Forehand Jacob C , Lee James H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
North Carolina growers have long struggled to control Italian ryegrass, and recent research has confirmed Italian ryegrass biotypes resistant to nicosulfuron, glyphosate, clethodim, and paraquat. Integrating alternative management strategies is crucial to effectively control such biotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate Italian ryegrass control with cover crops and fall-applied residual herbicides and investigate cover crop injury from residual herbicides. This study was conducted during the fall/winter of 2021-22 in Salisbury and fall/winter of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Clayton, NC. The study was designed as a 3x5 split-plot, where the main plot consisted of three cover crop treatments (no-cover, cereal rye at 80 kg ha-1, and crimson clover at 18 kg ha-1), and the subplots consisted of five residual herbicide treatments (S-metolachlor, flumioxazin, metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, and nontreated). In the 2021-22 season at Clayton, metribuzin injured cereal rye and crimson clover 65% and 55%, respectively. However, metribuzin injured both cover crops ≤6% in 2022-23. Flumioxazin resulted in unacceptable crimson clover injury with 50% and 38% in 2021-22 and 2022-23 in Clayton and 40% at Salisbury, respectively. Without preemergence herbicides, cereal rye controlled Italian ryegrass 85% and 61% at 24 WAP in 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Clayton and 82% in Salisbury, respectively. In 2021-22, Italian ryegrass seed production was lowest in cereal rye treatments at both locations, except when cover crop was treated with metribuzin. For example, in Salisbury, cereal rye plus metribuzin resulted in 39324 seeds m–2, compared to ≤4386 seeds m–2 from all other cereal rye treatments. In 2022-23, Italian ryegrass seed production in cereal rye was lower when either metribuzin or pyroxasulfone were used PRE (2670 and 1299 seeds m–2, respectively) when compared to cereal rye without herbicides (5600 seeds m–2).
Grapevine, stone fruit, and tree nut crop response to simulated tetflupyrolimet drift
Authors: Inci Deniz , Hanson Bradley D. , Al-Khatib Kassim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Off-target rice herbicide drift is historically a concern in California, where susceptible crops such as orchards and vineyards are nearby. Tetflupyrolimet is a potent inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase which provides excellent grass weed control in rice cropping systems. In efforts to steward tetflupyrolimet before its registration in California, this research was conducted to compare the onset of foliar symptoms from tetflupyrolimet applications onto almond, grapevine, peach, pistachio, plum, and walnut. Tetflupyrolimet was applied to these tree and vine crops at fractional rates of 1/200×, 1/100×, 1/33×, and 1/10× of the 125 g ai ha–1 rice use rate. Almond, pistachio, and walnut trees also received the 1× of the rice use rate. Tetflupyrolimet treatments were applied on one side of 3- to 4-yr-old almond, peach, pistachio, plum, and walnut trees and on one side of 25- to 26-yr-old grapevines in 2022 and 2023. Visible injury ratings were carried out weekly to assess symptomology throughout the growing seasons and at leaf out the following springs. Tree trunk diameter was recorded before and after herbicide applications. No injury was observed on any crops tested, regardless of the tetflupyrolimet application rate. In all orchard crops, tree trunk diameter was not affected by tetflupyrolimet treatments. Likewise, grape yield was not reduced even at the 1/10× tetflupyrolimet fractional rate. Since no injury symptoms were recorded, this research suggested that tetflupyrolimet can be safely used at nearby rice fields and might be a target for future registration consideration in orchard and vineyard crops.
Cultivar Response and Weed Control in Peanut with Trifludimoxazin
Authors: Abbott Chad C. , Shay Nicholas J. , Prostko Eric P. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Trifludimoxazin is a new PPO-inhibiting herbicide that is being evaluated for the control of small-seeded annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in several crops. Currently, no information is available regarding peanut cultivar response to trifludimoxazin and its utility in peanut weed control systems. Three unique field experiments were conducted and replicated in time from 2019 through 2022 to determine the response of seven peanut cultivars (AU-NPL 17; FloRun 331; GA-06G; GA-16HO; GA-18RU; GA-20VHO; and TifNV High O/L) to preemergence (PRE) applications of trifludimoxazin and to determine the efficacy of trifludimoxazin at multiple rates and tank-mixtures with acetochlor, diclosulam, dimethenamid-P, pendimethalin, and S-metolachlor for weed management. Cultivar sensitivities to trifludimoxazin were not observed. Peanut density was not reduced by any trifludimoxazin rate. Trifludimoxazin at 75 g ai ha-1 increased leaf necrosis by 18%, peanut stunting by 10%, and reduced yield by 6% when compared to the non-treated control in 2019. However, this rate only increased leaf necrosis by 4%, stunting by 3% to 5%, and had no negative impact on yield in 2020-2021. Generally, peanut injury from PRE applied trifludimoxazin was similar to or less than that observed from flumioxazin at 2 wk after application (WAA). Peanut yield in the weed control study was reduced 11 to 12% when treated with trifludimoxazin at 150 g ha-1 rate (4X) when compared to the 75 g ha-1 rate. However, yield was not different from the flumioxazin treatment. Palmer amaranth control with trifludimoxazin systems was ≥ 91% at 13 WAA, wild radish control was ≥ 96% at 5 WAA, and annual grass control was ≥ 97% at 13 WAA. Peanut is sufficiently tolerant of 38 g ha-1 of trifludimoxazin and when tank-mixed with other residual herbicides provides weed control similar to flumioxazin-based systems.
Habitat Suitability Modeling of Dominant Weed in Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Fields Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Dastres Emran , Sarvestani Ghazal Shafiee , Edalat Mohsen , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Weed infestations have been identified as a major cause of yield reductions in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a vital oil crop that has gained significant prominence in Iran, especially within Fars Province. Weed management using machine learning algorithms has become a crucial approach within the framework of precision agriculture for enhancing the efficacy and efficiency of weed control strategies. The evolution of habitat suitability models for weeds represents a significant advancement in agricultural technology, offering the capability to predict weed occurrence and proliferation accurately and reliably. This study focuses on the issue of dominant weed infestation in rapeseed cultivation, particularly emphasizing the prevalence and impact of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) as the dominant weed species in rapeseed farming in 2023. We collected data on 12 environmental variables related to topography, climate, and soil properties to develop habitat suitability models. Three “machine learning techniques”, including “random forest (RF)”, “support vector machine (SVM)”, and “boosted regression tree (BRT)”, were estimated based on the “receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC)” to model the distribution of A. fatua. Model performance was quantified using the “ROC curve and AUC” metrics to identify the best predictive algorithm. The findings indicated that “Random Forest (RF), boosted regression tree (BRT), and support vector machine (SVM)” models exhibited accuracies of 99%, 97%, and 96% for the habitat suitability of A. fatua, respectively. The Boruta feature selection method identified the slope variable as significantly influential in wild oat habitat suitability modeling, followed by plan curvature, clay, temperature, and silt. This study serves as a case study that highlights the utility of machine learning for habitat suitability predictions when information on multiple environmental variables is available. This approach supports effective weed management strategies, potentially enhancing rapeseed productivity and mitigating the ecological impacts associated with weed infestation.
Wind‐Wave Momentum Flux in Steep, Strongly Forced, Surface Gravity Wave Conditions
Authors: Tan Peisen , Savelyev Ivan , Laxague Nathan J. M. , Haus Brian K. , Curcic Milan , Matt Silvia , Zappa Christopher J. , Mehta Sanchit , Wray Sydney 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe airflow separation from the water surface strongly impacts the coupling between wind and waves. To visualize the airflow and quantify the potential airflow separation's effect on the momentum transfer from wind to the wave, we conducted colocated sampling of air pressure, airflow, and water elevation under a range of wind and wave conditions in the laboratory. The experiments were conducted in the SUrge‐STructure‐Atmosphere INteraction (SUSTAIN) facility at the University of Miami. Three background wave conditions were subjected to wind forcing ( 5–16 m ) to investigate the effects of wave amplitude, frequency, and wind forcing on the airflow regime and momentum transfer. We found the wind forcing shifts the phase of the wave‐induced pressure fluctuations, enhancing the momentum transfer. An increase in wave amplitude or frequency also enhances the aerodynamic sheltering and the momentum transfer. The airflow‐derived pressure based on the nonseparated sheltering (NSS) hypothesis accounts for more than 90% of the momentum transfer until potential airflow separation. We found that the potential airflow separation over the waves' leeward face, which is not accounted for by the NSS hypothesis, leads to an underestimate in momentum transport of more than 30% than the actual value of momentum transport obtained from pressure measurements. Our wave growth rate is consistent with the revisited Miles theory that incorporates the wave‐induced Reynolds stress. The results of this work help explain the wave growth mechanism and inform the development of wind input functions for numerical wave models that account for airflow separation.
Revisiting the Contributions of Surface Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes to the Outer Spiral Rainbands of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Ji Dong , Qiao Fangli 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe separate effects of the sensible heat flux (SHF) and latent heat flux (LHF) on the outer spiral rainbands of tropical cyclones (TCs) have not received sufficient attention. This study examines the separate contributions of the SHF and LHF to the outer spiral rainbands of TCs via a series of sensitivity experiments using the three‐dimensional cloud‐resolving Weather Research and Forecasting model. The results indicate that removing the outer SHF suppresses the activity of the outer spiral rainbands and results in a stronger and smaller‐scale TC, whereas decreasing the outer LHF by the same amount has only a slight impact on the outer spiral rainbands. Further investigations indicate that the positive radial gradient of the potential temperature at the cold‐pool outer edge is crucial for the strength of outer spiral rainbands. The strong positive radial gradient of the potential temperature gives rise to a negative radial gradient of the horizontal pressure at the cold‐pool outer edge, and thus an outward radial pressure gradient force. As a result, strong outflow exists near the cold‐pool outer edge, producing horizontal convergence and eventually lifting air to generate new convective cells. Distinct from the LHF, the SHF directly modulates the potential temperature immediately outside the cold pool and thus the radial gradient of the potential temperature at the cold‐pool outer edge. Removing the outer SHF leads to a significantly lower potential temperature outside the cold pool, which is averse to the formation of a larger radial gradient of the potential temperature at the cold‐pool outer edge.
Closing the Circulation Budget
Authors: Morris F. , Robinson C. M. , Reeder M. , Schwendike J. , Parker D. J. , Bain C. L. , Short C. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCirculation budgets can identify physical processes underpinning tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective vortices, and other weather systems where there are interactions across scales. It is unclear, however, how well these budgets close in practice. The present study uses the rapid intensification of Tropical Cyclone Nepartak (2016) as a case study to quantify the practical limitations of calculating circulation budgets using standard reanalyzes and numerical weather model data. First, we evaluate the circulation budget with ERA5. The budget residual can be reduced considerably by including contributions to circulation changes from subgrid‐scale momentum transports, and reduced further with 24‐hr smoothing, which dampens the discontinuous effects of data assimilation. Second, using a high‐resolution Met Office Unified Model simulation, we examine how the choice of the path used (the domain boundary) affects the budget closure. Third, the truncation errors associated with numerical differentiation in time and space are investigated. The circulation budget improves as the model data are analyzed with more frequent time output intervals, and as the output grid spacing decreases. For the tropical convective examples evaluated here, the column mean budget residuals increase by up to 50% as the output intervals increase from 5 min to 3 hr. Errors also increase if the data are regridded to a coarser horizontal grid spacing and when convection straddles the domain boundary. A key result is that the circulation budget need not close for physical inferences made about the circulation and its evolution to be meaningful, thus validating the use of the technique in prior studies.