bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical science and human behavior
Authors: Plaud Joseph J. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThe debate between mentalism/cognitivism and behaviorism is analyzed, and it is concluded that behaviorism is the philosophy more closely associated with psychology as a behavioral science, the cognitive approach being more closely aligned with biological science. Specific objections to mentalistic interpretations of behavioral phenomena are detailed, and examples from clinical psychology are used to show the importance of behavioral approaches in applied domains. It is argued that the relation between behavior theory and clinical psychology is critical to the continued advancement of applied psychology. Behavior analysis is offered as a direct, applied extension of behavior theory as well as a highly practical and effective approach for understanding, explaining, and modifying the factors that contribute to and maintain maladaptive behaviors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 1089–1102, 2001.
Outcome of pregnancies in women with uterine leiomyomas identified by sonography in the first trimester
Authors: Benson Carol B. , Chow Jeanne S. , Chang‐Lee Wendy , Hill Joseph A. , Doubilet Peter M. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeWe assessed the outcome of pregnancies in women with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) documented by sonography in the first trimester of pregnancy.MethodsWe collected cases of women who had undergone first‐trimester sonography and had uterine fibroids and singleton pregnancies with documented fetal heartbeats. We compared pregnancy loss rates and modes of delivery in these cases to a maternal‐age–matched and gestational‐age–matched control group of women who had normal uteruses and first‐trimester pregnancies with documented fetal heartbeats. Sonograms in patients with fibroids were reviewed to determine the number of fibroids, their sizes, and their locations. Within the group of patients with fibroids, the pregnancy loss rate was also compared based on the number of fibroids and fibroid size and location.ResultsOur study population consisted of 143 women with leiomyomas, and our control group comprised 715 patients with a normal uterus. Among patients with fibroids, 14.7% of pregnancies resulted from assisted conception; in the control group, 6.4% of pregnancies resulted from assisted conception. The rate of spontaneous pregnancy loss in women with fibroids was almost twice the rate in women with normal uteruses (14.0% versus 7.6%; p < 0.05), and the loss rate was higher in women with multiple fibroids than in women with a single leiomyoma (23.6% versus 8.0%, p < 0.05). The loss rate was not significantly associated with fibroid size or location. The rate of cesarean‐section delivery was higher in patients with fibroids than in patients with normal uteruses (38% versus 28%, p < 0.05).ConclusionsUterine fibroids are associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss. The loss rate is higher in patients with multiple fibroids than with a single fibroid. The cesarean‐section rate is also higher in patients with fibroids than in patients with a normal uterus. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:261–264, 2001.
Impact of intraoperative sonography on resection and cryoablation of liver tumors
Authors: Gaitini Diana , Kopelman Doron , Soudak Michal , Epelman Monica , Assalia Ahmad , Hashmonai Moshe , Engel Ahuva 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeWe retrospectively analyzed the impact of intraoperative sonography (IOUS) on the management of patients referred for resection of liver tumors.MethodsForty patients underwent IOUS with a 7‐MHz curved‐array sector transducer; in selected cases, a 5‐MHz linear‐array transducer attached to a color Doppler unit was also used. The number, size, and location of tumors on IOUS, including tumor proximity to or invasion of major vessels or invasion of the diaphragm, were compared to findings on preoperative imaging studies. The effect of these findings on surgical management was assessed. Unresectable lesions were treated by cryoablation under ultrasound guidance.ResultsIOUS detected preoperatively unsuspected lesions in 7 patients (18%). Metastases suspected on CT arterial portography were ruled out in 2 patients (5%), and indeterminate lesions were diagnosed as cysts by IOUS in 2 other patients (5%). Vascular proximity or vascular or diaphragmatic invasion detected by IOUS rendered lesions unresectable in 4 patients (10%). Cryoablation under IOUS guidance and monitoring was attempted in 11 patients (28%) and performed successfully in 10.ConclusionsIOUS changed the management in 38% of patients and guided cryoablation in 28% of patients. IOUS performed by an experienced sonologist is invaluable for the accurate assessment of liver tumor resectability; the detection of additional, preoperatively unknown lesions; and the guidance of cryoablation of unresectable tumors. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:265–272, 2001.
Doppler sonography of the penile cavernosal artery: Comparison of intraurethral instillation and intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Joh Young Duk , Huh Jin Do , Choi Seong 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeWe compared the Doppler sonographic findings in the penile cavernosal artery (arteria profunda penis) after intraurethral instillation and intracorporeal injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to evaluate the hemodynamic changes during drug‐induced erection.MethodsTwenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled in the study. Ten subjects (intraurethral group) were examined with Doppler sonography of the penile cavernosal artery after intraurethral administration of 1 mg of PGE1. The remaining 10 subjects (intracorporeal group) underwent Doppler sonography of the cavernosal artery after intracorporeal injection of 5 μg of PGE1. The peak systolic velocity, minimal diastolic velocity, and resistance index were determined at 5‐minute intervals for 30 minutes following administration of PGE1 in both groups. The results were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe peak systolic velocity in the intraurethral group increased progressively from a mean of 31.1 cm/second at 5 minutes to 65.6 cm/second at 30 minutes after intraurethral administration of PGE1. In the intracorporeal group, the mean peak systolic velocity ranged from 44.1 to 83.2 cm/second, reached a maximum at 10 minutes, and then decreased continuously through 30 minutes after intracorporeal injection of PGE1. The mean peak systolic velocities were significantly higher in the intracorporeal group at 10 and 15 minutes (p ≤ 0.05); the mean minimal diastolic velocities were significantly lower in the intracorporeal group at 15, 20, and 25 minutes (p ≤ 0.05); and the mean resistance indices were significantly higher in the intracorporeal group at all time points except 5 minutes (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsThe intracorporeal injection of PGE1 produced a greater vasoactive response in the cavernosal artery than did intraurethral instillation. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:273–278, 2001.
Intraoral sonographic evaluation of parapharyngeal space tumors
Authors: Rebol Janez , Takač Iztok , Bumber Željko 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe performed transcutaneous (external) sonography and then intraoral sonography to evaluate 3 parapharyngeal space tumors (1 vagal paraganglioma, 1 pleomorphic adenoma, and 1 carcinoma arising in a pleomorphic adenoma). All 3 patients had medial displacement of a tonsil. In all cases, we could measure the size and see the borders of the tumors and their relation to other structures on intraoral sonography. Intraoral sonography is useful for differentiating between unilaterally enlarged and medially displaced tonsils. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:302–305, 2001.
Rectus sheath hematoma in pregnancy
Authors: Humphrey Rachel , Carlan S. J. , Greenbaum Lennard 
Published: October 2004

AbstractAlthough spontaneous hemorrhage into the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle is uncommon in pregnancy, rectus sheath hematomas (RSHs) should be considered in patients who present with an acute onset of abdominal pain in the latter half of pregnancy or the immediate postpartum period. Both sonography and CT are useful in diagnosing RSHs. We report a case of pregnancy‐associated RSH initially suspected of being a degenerating leiomyoma or torsed ovary. Sonography showed a large mass of mixed echogenicity with no internal vascularity. CT confirmed that the lesion was suprafascial. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:306–311, 2001.
Gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic findings in intratesticular varicocele
Authors: Atasoy Çetin , Fitoz Suat 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeWe studied the gray‐scale and color Doppler sonographic findings in intratesticular varicoceles in 7 testes in 5 patients.MethodsThe study group comprised 5 infertile men referred for scrotal sonography and found to have intratesticular varicocele. Patients were examined at rest and during Valsalva's maneuver in supine and standing positions. A diagnosis of intratesticular varicocele was made when intratesticular veins visible on gray‐scale sonography showed retrograde flow on color Doppler sonography either spontaneously or during Valsalva's maneuver. The maximum diameter of dilated intratesticular veins and the predominant site of venous dilatation (mediastinum testis versus subcapsular) were recorded.ResultsSeven testes in 5 patients harbored visibly enlarged intratesticular veins that showed retrograde flow either spontaneously or during Valsalva's maneuver. The condition was bilateral in 2 patients and left‐sided in 3 patients. The largest intratesticular vein measured less than 2.0 mm in diameter in 3 testes and was 2.0 mm or larger in 4 testes. In all affected testes, there was some degree of subcapsular venous dilatation, which in 3 testes was even more prominent than venous dilatation in the mediastinum testis. All intratesticular varicoceles were accompanied by extratesticular varicoceles.ConclusionsA threshold value of 2.0 mm seems inadequate for the diagnosis of intratesticular varicocele because obviously variceal venous structures with retrograde flow on color Doppler sonography may be smaller than 2.0 mm in diameter. Contrary to the previous descriptions of the entity, subcapsular veins may be affected to a greater degree than mediastinal veins in intratesticular varicocele. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:369–373, 2001.
Relationship between sonographic and pathologic findings in epidermal inclusion cysts
Authors: Lee Hak Soo , Joo Kyung Bin , Song Ho Taek , Kim Yong Soo , Park Dong Woo , Park Choong Ki , Lee Won Mi , Park Yong Wook , Koo Ja Hong , Song Soon Young 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the sonographic findings in epidermal inclusion cysts and related them to the pathologic findings.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the sonograms and pathology specimens of 24 patients with pathologically proven epidermal inclusion cysts. We evaluated the lesions for shape, size, internal echogenicity, posterior sound enhancement, and presence of color Doppler signals. We classified the masses into 5 sonographic types according to their internal echogenicity. The relationship between the sonographic types and the pathologic findings was examined.ResultsThe masses were ovoid or spherical in 17 cases (71%), lobulated in 5 (21%), and tubular in 2 (8%). The longest diameter ranged from 1 to 6 cm (mean, 3.1 cm). Twenty‐three cases (96%) were associated with posterior sound enhancement. Color Doppler signals were absent in 20 cases, but some vascularity was noted in 4 ruptured epidermal cysts, in areas of granulation tissue. The most common sonographic type was a hypoechoic lesion with scattered echogenic reflectors (10 cases). Sonographic findings were related to the lamellation of keratin debris and the granulation tissue secondary to rupture. Most cases with a lobulated configuration (4 of 5) or color Doppler signals (4 of 4) were ruptured cysts.ConclusionsEpidermal inclusion cysts most often appeared sonographically as a hypoechoic mass containing variable echogenic foci without color Doppler signals. Ruptured epidermal cysts, however, may have lobulated contours and show color Doppler signals, mimicking a solid mass. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:374–383, 2001
Endoscopic sonography in the diagnosis of gallbladder wall lesions in patients with gallstones
Authors: Muguruma Naoki , Okamura Seisuke , Ichikawa Soichi , Tsujigami Koji , Suzuki Masaharu , Tadatsu Masaya , Kusaka Yoshihiro , Okita Yoshio , Yano Mitsuyasu , Ito Susumu 
Published: October 2004

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic sonography (EUS) in the detection of gallbladder wall lesions in patients with and without gallstones.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records, sonograms, and sonographic reports of 62 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder wall lesions evaluated by EUS. We assessed the accuracy of EUS in diagnosing gallbladder wall lesions in the presence or absence of gallstones and on the basis of the size and number of stones and the size of the gallbladder wall lesions. We also evaluated the effect of acoustic shadowing. The EUS results were compared with the histopathologic results.ResultsEUS correctly diagnosed the gallbladder wall lesions in 17 (71%) of 24 patients with gallstones and in 34 (89%) of 38 patients without gallstones. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS was 86% in patients with gallbladder wall lesions smaller than 20 mm and 79% in patients with gallbladder wall lesions 20 mm or larger. The diagnostic accuracy was 75% in patients with gallstones smaller than 5 mm and 67% in patients with stones 5 mm or larger. The accuracy was 67% in patients with 1–5 stones and 83% in patients with 6 or more stones. None of these differences was statistically significant. Acoustic shadowing did not affect the diagnostic accuracy of EUS.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of EUS for gallbladder wall lesions is not affected by the presence of gallstones. However, better diagnostic criteria must be established based on larger studies, and technical refinements of the equipment are needed to increase the accuracy of EUS in the diagnosis of gallbladder wall lesions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:395–400, 2001.
Development of intrahepatic arterial shunts in a transplanted liver: A potential pitfall for Doppler sonography
Authors: Wolf Rinze , Porte Robert J. , van der Vliet Ton M. , Kok Theodorus 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe describe the hemodynamic features and anatomic basis of false‐negative Doppler sonographic findings compared with angiographic findings in a 42‐year‐old woman after orthotopic liver transplantation complicated by hepatic artery thrombosis. Complete common hepatic artery thrombosis was demonstrated by Doppler sonography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) on the first postoperative day. A thrombectomy was performed. DSA on the third day after transplantation again showed occlusion of the left hepatic artery. No perfusion was observed in the left hepatic lobe. Liver function remained normal. Doppler sonography on days 8, 10, and 16 after transplantation demonstrated arterial blood flow in both the right and left lobes of the liver, suggesting patent left and right hepatic arteries. Repeat DSA revealed that the arterial flow in the left lobe depended on large, intrahepatic shunts originating from the right hepatic artery. Apparently, shunts can develop within a few days in a transplanted liver from radiologically undetectable structures into vessel‐like channels capable of supplying the entire left hepatic lobe. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:406–410, 2001.
Sonographic diagnosis of pancreatic islet cell tumor: Value of intermittent harmonic imaging
Authors: Ding Hong , Kudo Masatoshi , Onda Hirokazu , Nomura Hideaki , Haji Seiji 
Published: October 2004

AbstractWe describe a case of nonfunctioning islet cell tumor of the pancreas diagnosed preoperatively by intermittent harmonic power Doppler imaging and digital subtraction gray‐scale harmonic imaging and the use of the contrast agent SH U 508A (Levovist). Hypervascularity and tumor perfusion were clearly demonstrated with both harmonic imaging techniques in the early arterial phase. Sonographic findings were confirmed by other modalities and by histopathologic examination. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:411–416, 2001.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of Klippel‐Trénaunay‐Weber syndrome with cardiac failure
Authors: Zoppi Maria Angelica , Ibba Rosa Maria , Floris Marcella , Putzolu Monica , Crisponi Giangiorgio , Monni Giovanni 
Published: October 2004

AbstractThis report describes the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of a case of Klippel‐Trénaunay‐Weber syndrome. The sonographic appearance of this disorder was characterized by the presence of multiple distorted cystic areas involving the right leg and abdomen and cardiomegaly with early fetal heart failure. Despite the prenatal detection of the extensive cutaneous and visceral involvement, the infant died soon after birth of high‐output cardiac failure and Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 29:422–426, 2001.
Fan‐type theorem for path‐connectivity
Authors: Hu Zhiquan , Tian Feng , Wei Bing , Egawa Yoshimi , Hirohata Kazuhide 
Published: October 2004

AbstractFor a connected noncomplete graph G, let μ(G):=min{max {dG(u), dG(v)}:dG(u, v)=2}. A well‐known theorem of Fan says that every 2‐connected noncomplete graph has a cycle of length at least min{|V(G)|, 2μ(G)}. In this paper, we prove the following Fan‐type theorem: if G is a 3‐connected noncomplete graph, then each pair of distinct vertices of G is joined by a path of length at least min{|V(G)|−1, 2μ(G)−2}. As consequences, we have: (i) if G is a 3‐connected noncomplete graph with $\mu(G)> {{|V(G)|}\over {2}}$, then G is Hamilton‐connected; (ii) if G is a (s+2)‐connected noncomplete graph, where s≥1 is an integer, then through each path of length s of G there passes a cycle of length≥min{|V(G)|, 2μ(G)−s}. Several results known before are generalized and a conjecture of Enomoto, Hirohata, and Ota is proved. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 39: 265–282, 2002 DOI 10.1002/jgt.10028
Comparative ultrastructure of the root system in Rhizocephalan barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala)
Authors: Bresciani José , Høeg Jens T. 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRhizocephalan barnacles are parasites of Crustacea. They lack even the rudiments of an alimentary canal, but infiltrate their hosts with a nutrient‐absorbing system of rootlets. We review the ultrastructure of the rootlets using light microscopy, SEM, and TEM in nine species from five families, representing both suborders of the Rhizocephala: from the Kentrogonida Peltogaster paguri, P. curvatus, Peltogasterella sulcata, Cyphosaccus norvegicus (Peltogastridae); Lernaeodiscus porcellanae (Lernaeodiscidae); and Sacculina carcini (Sacculinidae); and from the Akentrogonida Clistosaccus paguri (Clistosaccidae); Chthamalophilus delagei, and Boschmaella japonica (Chthamalophilidae). With the exception of Chthamalophilus delagei, the root system of the investigated species shares numerous apomorphies at the ultrastructural level and displays at all levels specializations that maximize the surface area. The rootlets consist of a cuticle, an epidermis and a subjacent layer of axial cells that often, but not always surround, a central lumen. The rootlets are at all times enclosed in a less than 0.5 μm thick cuticle, which is never molted. The cuticle consists of an inner homogeneous layer with a slightly fibrous structure and an outer, less than 15‐nm thick electron‐dense layer, from which numerous microcuticular projections extend into the hemolymphatic space of the host. The microcuticular projections consist of the outer electron‐dense layer and sometimes a core of the more translucent homogeneous layer. They vary among the species from being simple in Sacculina carcini to exhibiting complex branching patterns in Peltogasterella sulcata and Cyphosaccus norvegicus. Beneath the cuticle the epidermal plasma membrane is thrown into irregularly shaped projections. The epidermal cells are joined by long septate junctions and exhibit the characteristics of a transporting epithelium. Experiments with acid phosphatase revealed activity both in the epidermis and among the microcuticular projections. The projections may therefore form a domain that is important in absorption and extracellular digestion of nutrients from the host. The axial cells contain abundant endoplasmic reticulum and seem to convert absorbed carbohydrates into lipid, which is stored in large droplets. Subepidermal muscle cells cause sinuous movements of the rootlets, but it remains unknown how nutrients are transported along the rootlets towards the external reproductive body. In C. delagei the single, bladder‐shaped rootlet lacks both the apical projections in the epidermis, the electron‐dense cuticle layer, and the microcuticular projections. We review previous studies on the rhizocephalan root system and discuss functional and phylogenetic aspects of the morphology. J. Morphol. 249:9–42, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cypris metamorphosis, injection and earliest internal development of the Rhizocephalan Loxothylacus panopaei (Gissler). Crustacea: Cirripedia: Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae
Authors: Glenner Henrik 
Published: October 2004

AbstractRhizocephala is a group of crustaceans that exclusively parasitizes other crustaceans. It is taxonomically placed within the class Cirripedia, the barnacles, with which it shares a unique larval type, the cyprid. The main objective of the cyprid is to find and irreversibly attach to a suitable substratum and initiate metamorphosis. In the presumed sister group to Rhizocephala, the true barnacles or Thoracica, metamorphosis leads to a juvenile filter‐feeding version of the adult organism. In Rhizocephala the female cyprid settles on the integument of a crustacean and undergoes metamorphosis into a kentrogon that possesses a hollow cuticular‐tube structure, the stylet, which penetrates the integument of the host and acts as a guide tube for the prospective internal parasite. The first, hitherto unknown endoparasitic stage of a rhizocephalan, the vermigon, was recently discovered (Glenner and Høeg [1995] Nature 377:147–150) and its migration through the hemolymph of the host, as well as its internal development, was described in Glenner et al. ([2000] Mar Biol 136:249–257). The present article provides detailed information on kentrogon and vermigon formation, the injection process, and the succeeding developmental stages up to the stage of the earliest primordium reported from the literature. The anlage of the ovary is traced back to the free‐swimming cypris stage and it is implied that the mesoderm and ectoderm of the endoparasite are already differentiated in the cyprid. J. Morphol. 249:43–75, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.