bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of accounting method and sampling depth to estimate changes in soil carbon stocks
Authors: Raffeld Anna M. , Bradford Mark A. , Jackson Randall D. , Rath Daniel , Sanford Gregg R. , Tautges Nicole , Oldfield Emily E. 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
As interest in the voluntary soil carbon market surges, carbon registries have been developing new soil carbon measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols. These protocols are inconsistent in their approaches to measuring soil organic carbon (SOC). Two areas of concern include the type of SOC stock accounting method (fixed-depth (FD) vs. equivalent soil mass (ESM)) and sampling depth requirement. Despite evidence that fixed-depth measurements can result in error because of changes in soil bulk density and that sampling to 30 cm neglects a significant portion of the soil profile’s SOC stock, most MRV protocols do not specify which sampling method to use and only require sampling to 30 cm. Using data from UC Davis’s Century Experiment (“Century”) and UW Madison’s Wisconsin Integrated Cropping Systems Trial (WICST), we quantify differences in SOC stock changes estimated by FD and ESM over 20 years, investigate how sampling at-depth (> 30 cm) affects SOC stock change estimates, and estimate how crediting outcomes taking an empirical sampling-only crediting approach differ when stocks are calculated using ESM or FD at different depths.

Results
We find that FD and ESM estimates of stock change can differ by over 100 percent and that, as expected, much of this difference is associated with changes in bulk density in surface soils (e.g., r = 0.90 for Century maize treatments). This led to substantial differences in crediting outcomes between ESM and FD-based stocks, although many treatments did not receive credits due to declines in SOC stocks over time. While increased variability of soils at depth makes it challenging to accurately quantify stocks across the profile, sampling to 60 cm can capture changes in bulk density, potential SOC redistribution, and a larger proportion of the overall SOC stock.

Conclusions
ESM accounting and sampling to 60 cm (using multiple depth increments) should be considered best practice when quantifying change in SOC stocks in annual, row crop agroecosystems. For carbon markets, the cost of achieving an accurate estimate of SOC stocks that reflect management impacts on soils at-depth should be reflected in the price of carbon credits.
Enhancing osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells through rosuvastatin loaded niosomes optimized by Box-Behnken design and modified by hyaluronan: a novel strategy for improved efficiency
Authors: Sadeghi Ghadi Zaynab , Asadi Amin , Pilehvar Younes , Abasi Mozhgan , Ebrahimnejad Pedram 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBone tissue engineering necessitates a stem cell source capable of osteoblast differentiation and mineralized matrix production. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a subtype of mesenchymal stem cells from human teeth, present such potential but face challenges in osteogenic differentiation. This research introduces an innovative approach to bolster DPSCs’ osteogenic potential using niosomal and hyaluronan modified niosomal systems enriched with rosuvastatin. While rosuvastatin fosters bone formation by regulating bone morphogenetic proteins and osteoblasts, its solubility, permeability, and bioavailability constraints hinder its bone regeneration application. Using a Box-Behnken design, optimal formulation parameters were ascertained. Both niosomes were analyzed for size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and other parameters. They displayed average sizes under 275 nm and entrapment efficiencies exceeding 62%. Notably, niosomes boosted DPSCs’ cell viability and osteogenic marker expression, suggesting enhanced differentiation and bone formation. Conclusively, the study underscores the potential of both niosomal systems in ameliorating DPSCs’ osteogenic differentiation, offering a promising avenue for bone tissue engineering and regeneration.
Graphical Abstract
SRT-Server: powering the analysis of spatial transcriptomic data
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Spatial resolved transcriptomics (SRT) encompasses a rapidly developing set of technologies that enable the measurement of gene expression in tissue while retaining spatial localization information. SRT technologies and the enabled SRT studies have provided unprecedent insights into the structural and functional underpinnings of complex tissues. As SRT technologies have advanced and an increasing number of SRT studies have emerged, numerous sophisticated statistical and computational methods have been developed to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of SRT data. However, despite the growing popularity of SRT studies and the widespread availability of SRT analysis methods, analysis of large-scale and complex SRT datasets remains challenging and not easily accessible to researchers with limited statistical and computational backgrounds.

Results
Here, we present SRT-Server, the first webserver designed to carry out comprehensive SRT analyses for a wide variety of SRT technologies while requiring minimal prior computational knowledge. Implemented with cutting-edge web development technologies, SRT-Server is user-friendly and features multiple analytic modules that can perform a range of SRT analyses. With a flowchart-style interface, these different analytic modules on the SRT-Server can be dragged into the main panel and connected to each other to create custom analytic pipelines. SRT-Server then automatically executes the desired analyses, generates corresponding figures, and outputs results—all without requiring prior programming knowledge. We demonstrate the advantages of SRT-Server through three case studies utilizing SRT data collected from two common platforms, highlighting its versatility and values to researchers with varying analytic expertise.

Conclusions
Overall, SRT-Server presents a user-friendly, efficient, effective, secure, and expandable solution for SRT data analysis, opening new doors for researchers in the field. SRT-Server is freely available at https://spatialtranscriptomicsanalysis.com/.
Mild behavioral impairment in early Alzheimer’s disease and its association with APOE and BDNF risk genetic polymorphisms
Authors: Matuskova Veronika , Veverova Katerina , Jester Dylan J. , Matoska Vaclav , Ismail Zahinoor , Sheardova Katerina , Horakova Hana , Cerman Jiri , Laczó Jan , Andel Ross , Hort Jakub , Vyhnalek Martin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been commonly reported in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but rarely using biomarker-defined samples. It is also unclear whether genetic polymorphisms influence MBI in such individuals. We thus aimed to examine the association between the cognitive status of participants (amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI-AD) vs cognitively normal (CN) older adults) and MBI severity. Within aMCI-AD, we further examined the association between APOE and BDNF risk genetic polymorphisms and MBI severity.

Methods
We included 62 aMCI-AD participants and 50 CN older adults from the Czech Brain Aging Study. The participants underwent neurological, comprehensive neuropsychological examination, APOE and BDNF genotyping, and magnetic resonance imaging. MBI was diagnosed with the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C), and the diagnosis was based on the MBI-C total score ≥ 7. Additionally, self-report instruments for anxiety (the Beck Anxiety Inventory) and depressive symptoms (the Geriatric Depression Scale-15) were administered. The participants were stratified based on the presence of at least one risk allele in genes for APOE (i.e., e4 carriers and non-carriers) and BDNF (i.e., Met carriers and non-carriers). We used linear regressions to examine the associations.

Results
MBI was present in 48.4% of the aMCI-AD individuals. Compared to the CN, aMCI-AD was associated with more affective, apathy, and impulse dyscontrol but not social inappropriateness or psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, aMCI-AD was related to more depressive but not anxiety symptoms on self-report measures. Within the aMCI-AD, there were no associations between APOE e4 and BDNF Met and MBI-C severity. However, a positive association between Met carriership and self-reported anxiety appeared.

Conclusions
MBI is frequent in aMCI-AD and related to more severe affective, apathy, and impulse dyscontrol symptoms. APOE and BDNF polymorphisms were not associated with MBI severity separately; however, their combined effect warrants further investigation.
Protective effects of SCFAs on organ injury and gut microbiota modulation in heat-stressed rats
Authors: Yang Zhan , Tang Chengliang , Sun Xuewei , Wu Zihan , Zhu Xiaojing , Cui Qian , Zhang Ruonan , Zhang Xinrui , Su Yunxin , Mao Yinghua , Wang Chunhui , Zheng Feng , Zhu Jin 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This research was conducted to investigate the potential of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in protecting organs from heat stress-induced injuries and gut microbiota modulation.

Methods
Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to various groups including a control group, a room temperature training group, a hyperthermia training group, SCFAs pretreatment group, and recipients received feces from the HT group. After strenuous training at high temperatures, the levels of plasma enzymes AST, ALT, BUN, and Cr were evaluated. The changes in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites were detected using 16S rRNA sequencing and GC–MS methods. Pathological examination of colon and liver tissues was conducted, and immunohistochemical techniques were employed to assess intestinal barrier function.

Results
The findings indicate that SCFAs hold the potential for mitigating liver and colon damage caused by heat stress. With the intervention of SCFAs, there were observable changes in the structure and metabolites of the intestinal microbiota, as well as improvements in intestinal barrier function. Further support for the benefits of SCFAs was found through fecal microbiota transplantation, which demonstrated that modified gut microbiota can effectively reduce organ damage.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that SCFAs, as metabolites of the gut microbiota, have a valuable role to play in regulating gut health and mitigating the harmful effects of heat stress.
From obscurity to urgency: a comprehensive analysis of the rising threat of duck circovirus
Authors: Lei Xinnuo , Wang Anping , Zhu Shanyuan , Wu Shuang 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDuck circovirus (DuCV) is a small, nonenveloped, single-stranded DNA virus with immunosuppressive effects on ducks that leads to slow growth and elevated mortality following mixed infections. Its infection manifests as feather loss, slow growth, swelling of respiratory tissue, and damage to immune organs in ducks. Although single infections with DuCV do not cause noticeable clinical symptoms, its ability to compromise the immune system and facilitate infections caused by other pathogens poses a serious threat to duck farming. Given the prevalence of this disease and the increasing infection rates in recent years, which have resulted in significant economic losses in duck farming and related sectors, research and control of DuCV infection have become especially important. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the current understanding of DuCV, serving as a reference for subsequent research and effective control of the virus. We focus mainly on the genetics and molecular biology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, and pathology of DuCV. Additionally, topics such as the isolation and culture of the virus, vaccines and antiviral therapies, diagnostics, and preventative measures are discussed.
Study on spatial form evolution of traditional villages in Jiuguan under the influence of historic transportation network
Authors: Lin Zurui , Liang Yuan , Liu Xiaohui 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Traditional villages are China's cultural heritage resources; they carry rich historical and cultural information and have important historical significance and cultural value. Studying their spatial forms can suggest new ideas for the protection of traditional villages. The spatial configuration of traditional villages is shaped by a complex interplay of natural geography, socio-economic factors, transportation infrastructure, and essential facilities. Various developmental scenarios lead to diverse spatial development patterns, each demonstrating unique dynamic characteristics throughout its evolution. This article focuses on the exploration of the spatial morphology of Jiuguan Village, located along the Jingxing Ancient Post Road. By using kernel density analysis, space syntax, spatial form index, and so on, the spatial form of Jiuguan Village was studied from three aspects: public facilities clustering degree, road system, and spatial form index. Through a hierarchical approach involving points, lines, and planes, our study unveils the multifaceted influence of transportation factors on the village's historical development and its dynamic adaptive attributes within the context of traditional village spatial morphology. The results indicated that the location advantage of traffic is the driving force behind land expansion. Secondly, the areas with high traffic accessibility tend to be public spaces in villages. Third, the change in the transportation market will lead to a change in village land use functions. Finally, the renewal of transportation modes will change the spatial scale of the village. This research offers a deeper comprehension of the historical context surrounding traditional villages and provides a scientifically guided framework for heritage preservation and sustainable village development.
Advances of radiolabeled GRPR ligands for PET/CT imaging of cancers
Authors: Ma Yuze , Gao Feng 
Published: January 2024

AbstractGRPR is a type of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor that belongs to the bombesin protein receptor family. It is highly expressed in various cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and so on. As a result, molecular imaging studies have been conducted using radiolabeled GRPR ligands for tumor diagnosis, as well as monitoring of recurrence and metastasis. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive overview of relevant literature from the past two decades, with a specific focus on the advancements made in radiolabeled GRPR ligands for imaging prostate cancer and breast cancer.
Get Back, a person-centred digital programme targeting physical activity for patients undergoing spinal stenosis surgery—a study protocol of a randomized feasibility study
Authors: Karlsson Emelie , Hanafi Rikard , Brisby Helena , Fors Andreas , Kemani Mike , Hedman Håkan , Nijs Jo , Lundberg Mari 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Spinal stenosis is the most common reason for elective spine surgery, and the cardinal symptom is leg pain and discomfort when walking. Patients with spinal stenosis have a decreased level of physical activity and thereby an increased risk of poor health. Get Back is a person-centred digital programme that strives to support patients being physically active after surgery. The aim is to explore if Get Back, in its present format (referred to as Get Backfeasibility), is feasible and contributes to detectable change in variables related to intervention content.

Methods
Thirty patients planned for decompression surgery due to central lumbar spinal stenosis who present with low physical activity, pain catastrophizing or fear of movement, will be included in a randomized feasibility study. All patients will be randomly allocated to either Get Backfeasibility or usual physical therapy. Get Backfeasibility aims to increase the patient’s physical activity level by combining a person-centred and cognitive behavioural approach. It comprises 10 video and telephone sessions led by a physical therapist over 12 weeks (pre/postoperatively). Outcomes are treatment fidelity (treatment dose, adherence, and content), process feasibility (recruitment, intervention use, and acceptability of measurements and intervention), and variables related to the intervention content (steps per day, physical activity level, pain catastrophizing, fear of movement, and general self-efficacy). Treatment fidelity and feasibility data will be assessed during the full study period (12 weeks). Physical activity, physical capacity, and patient-reported outcomes will be assessed digitally at baseline (2 weeks preoperatively) and 11–12 weeks postoperatively. Variables related to the intervention content will be monitored weekly through a digital application. Feasibility data will be analysed descriptively and inferentially using a nonparametric approach, data from repeated measures will be displayed graphically and data from telephone interviews will be analysed using content analysis with a descriptive manifest approach.

Discussion
The results will provide information on whether Get Back in its present format is feasible and can be evaluated for effectiveness in a larger randomized controlled trial, for patients with a low physical activity level and a high fear of movement who are undergoing decompression surgery.

Trial registration
Registered at ClinicalTrails.gov 04/08/2023, registration no. NCT05806593.
Investigating relationships between community of inquiry perceptions and attitudes towards reading circles in Chinese blended EFL learning
Authors: Teng Yilian , Yin Zhuhui , Wang Xia , Yang Hanyu 
Published: January 2024

AbstractLittle research has been conducted to investigate relationships between students’ community of inquiry (CoI) perceptions and their attitudes towards reading circles (ARC). To bridge the gap this quantitative research reports a cohort of Chinese students’ perceptions of CoI and its prediction for their attitudes towards reading circles (RC) in English as a Foreign Language learning. The researchers administered and collected 202 valid questionnaires. They analyzed the correlations between CoI and ARC dimensions, did regression analyses and came up with insightful findings. It’s found that, concerning CoI, students have more positive perceptions of teaching and cognitive presences than of social presence. Meanwhile teaching presence, cognitive presence, social presence of CoI and usefulness, affect, and behavior of ARC are closely correlated. CoI teaching presence and cognitive presence are significant predictors for usefulness and behavior of ARC, while the combination of the three CoI presences predicts affect of ARC. Investigating the relationships between a longstanding CoI framework and a fledging ARC scale provides great implications for Chinese blended EFL teaching, especially in reading courses.
Evaluation of potential association of metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese PCOS women
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Kaur Maninder 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome is an escalating endocrinal and reproductive disorder among women of reproductive age and is considered the foremost health burden. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to estimate the potential association of metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese PCOS women. A total of 250 PCOS women ranging in age from 18 to 45 years and living in the Chandigarh Capital Region were selected from the OPD, PGIMER, Chandigarh, (North India). Rotterdam Criteria (2003) was employed to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome among women.

Results
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) as assessed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATP III) was found to be 30% (4% in non-obese and 26% in obese) in PCOS women. Waist circumference > 88 cm is the most prevalent feature in PCOS women (67.2%) followed by HDL < 50 mg/dL (56.8%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis exhibited that visceral adiposity index (VAI) was a significant determinant of metabolic syndrome in obese (OR = 1.17, p < 0.01) and non-obese (OR = 1.2, p < 0.01) PCOS women. Results of ROC analysis further established visceral adiposity index as a potential determinant in metabolic syndrome in both the groups of PCOS women. In obese PCOS women, the W/H ratio also depicted accuracy in predicting metabolic syndrome risk.

Conclusions
Visceral adiposity index is a significant tool to assess the metabolic syndrome in both groups, i.e., obese and non-obese. However, the waist/hip ratio can be considered as a predictive tool in obese women only. Thus, it could be used as a significant and inexpensive tool in clinical practices for early detection of metabolic syndrome in PCOS women.
Pediatric anterior thoracic wall reconstruction: a successful case of extensive resection and repair
Authors: Valdez García Izchel , Barraza Tinajero Alfa Guadalupe , Carrillo Ibarra Nayely , Brenes Guzmán Sofia 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Background
Thoracic tumors are a challenge for pediatric surgeons. They comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms classified based on histological variety, location, presentation, biological behavior, treatment response, and prognosis. Primary tumors of the thoracic wall in children and adolescents are sporadic, accounting for only 1–2% of all pediatric thoracic neoplasms, with two-thirds of them being malignant.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 16-year-old male patient with osteoblastic osteosarcoma localized in the right anterior rib cage. The patient underwent extensive tumor resection using titanium bars.

Conclusion
Thoracic reconstruction following extensive resection in pediatric cancer patients has been underexplored and poorly described. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated to be feasible, particularly considering the 5-year survival rate of 60% following tumor resection. This approach helps prevent anatomical and physiological complications that may arise without reconstruction. We report a successful single-stage resection and thoracic reconstruction case in a pediatric patient. This case underscores the importance of considering reconstruction in patients with thoracic tumors, as it can contribute to improving prognosis and preventing associated complications.