bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 can Alter Lipid Metabolismin of High‐fat Diet Fed SD Rats
Authors: Pu Fangfang , Guo Yue , Wang Shijie , Zhu Hong , Shen Xi , Wu Zixi , Li Ming , He Fang 
Published: November 2023

Background and ObjectiveHigh‐energy or isocaloric fat‐rich diet have been well known to associate with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Fat deposition in the liver has been recognized as one major cause to promote metabolic diseases. Accumulative evidences indicated that the gut microbes might be one of the critical factors to connect high‐fat diet and metabolic diseases positively or negatively. Especially, probiotics, particularly certain lactobacilli could exert a protective effect. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the potential effects of a selected probiotics strain, Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 (N1115) on lipid metabolism in rats undergoing high‐fat diet.MethodsA total of 32 male sprague‐dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups and maintained for 18 weeks: control goup (standard chow), model group (high‐fat diet), low N1115 group (high‐fat diet + heat‐killed N1115 with 1.5×109CFU/mL) and high dose N1115 group (high‐fat diet + heat‐killed N1115 with 7.5×109CFU/mL). Weight and body length were measured weekly. Blood of the tested rats were collected in 0, 5, 10, 18 weeks.Results18‐week high‐fat feeding induced significantly higher hepatic lipid accumulation, and apparently lowered adiponectin production, although no significant difference were found in weight, serum glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol and triglycerides level compared with control. Compared to the model group, N1115 significantly lowered hepatic lipids and increased serum adiponectin, leptin and interleukin (IL)‐6 level. Furthermore, N115 has also significantly lowered expression of the hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) α compared with those in the model group too. Liver histopathological analysis also showed that N1115 ameliorated fat accumulation in the liver.ConclusionsThese results suggest that heat‐killed L. paracasei N1115 may effectively suprrese high‐fat diet induced fat accumulation in liver, thereby producing a beneficial effects when long‐term consumption of high‐fat diet.
Synergistic effect of TC and PE mixtures on regulation of lipolysis in 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation
Authors: Park Soo‐Jeung , Lee Minhee , Kwon Han‐Ol , Kim Hyesook , Lee Dasom , Lee Jeongmin 
Published: November 2023

Abnormal fat accumulation on the body causes chronic disease as obesity that is serious problem in present day society. We investigated the effect of TC and PE mixtures on 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation and expected that synergistic effect of both substance. We experimented 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation for 9 to 15 days. The last day of differentiation experiment, we measured adipogenesis factor, lipolysis factor and TG level through RT‐PCR, western blot and ELISA. The intracellular lipid droplets were dyed through the Oil red O staining. Glycerol release was measured during the experiment of 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation. These result suggest that TC and PE mixtures suppressed lipid accumulatioin and expression of adipogenic transcription factors. Also, TC and PE mixtures regulated lipolitic factors and increased the amount of glycerol release. In conclusion, TC and PE mixtures have regulatory ability of lipolysis on 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation and further studies in mouse models are required.Support or Funding Informationlipolysis
Beet Juice Energy Drink Increases Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Lowers Blood Pressure in Healthy Men
Authors: Sweazea Karen L , Johnston Carol S , Miller Brendan , Gumpricht Eric 
Published: November 2023

The peripheral vasculature is important in the regulation of healthy blood pressure as endothelial cells are a source of a variety of vasoactive factors. One of the most important vasodilatory factors released from these cells is nitric oxide (NO). Production of NO is stimulated both through enzymatic‐dependent mechanisms via NO synthase as well as from dietary intake of nitrate‐containing foods or supplements such as beets or green leafy vegetables that increase NO bioavailability. Therefore, we hypothesized supplementation of a normal diet with daily consumption of a 2‐ounce beet juice energy drink (AMPED NOx; Isagenix International LLC) would increase plasma nitrates and affect cardiovascular parameters compared to a placebo drink (prune juice). Healthy male adults aged 18–40y were recruited to participate in this placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial as men have a greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease than pre‐menopausal women. Furthermore, women were excluded in the current study as fluctuations in progesterone are known to influence vascular reactivity. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, and fasting blood samples were collected and flow‐mediated vasodilation was measured at baseline and after one and two weeks of supplementation. Subjects also completed questionnaires on sleep quality and mood. No changes in sleep quality, mood or anthropometrics were detected following supplementation with AMPED NOx (n=24 subjects) compared to prune juice placebo (n=24 subjects). In contrast, compared to prune juice AMPED NOx significantly increased plasma nitrates and nitrites (p<0.001) while decreasing both systolic (p=0.015) and diastolic (p=0.015) blood pressures after two weeks of supplementation. There was a weak trend for AMPED NOx to increase FMD as compared to prune juice (p=0.086). The hypotensive effect of the supplement was surprising considering the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (116±8 and 64±8 mmHg respectively). In summary, AMPED NOx is a good source of dietary nitrates and an effective strategy to lower blood pressure. Further studies are needed to determine effectiveness in a diseased population.Support or Funding InformationFunding for the study was provided by Isagenix International, LLC.
Dried beans lower cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin while peas lower blood pressure in adults with mild hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Bell Rhonda C. , Zahradka Peter , Aliani Michel , Liang YuZhu , McCargar Linda J. , Chan Catherine , Ozga Jocelyn , Proctor Spencer , Wishart David , Taylor Carla 
Published: November 2023

Pulses (dried beans, peas, lentils and chickpeas) are healthy foods yet are not regularly consumed in the typical North American diet. Recent meta‐analyses indicate that pulses are effective for lowering blood cholesterol and blood pressure and for glycemic control. Many of these studies have been conducted with beans and there is a relative absence of studies using dried peas. The objective of this multi‐site randomized clinical trial was to compare the effects of consuming foods containing Beans or Peas to Rice (control) on blood cholesterol, glycemia and blood pressure in men and women with mild hypercholesterolemia but not taking any cholesterol‐or glucose‐lowering medications. Participants (n=180, 20–75 years old) consumed the study foods (a selection of 5 items containing 120 g beans or peas or rice per serving) five times per week for 6 weeks as part of their usual diet; the rest of the diet was self‐selected. The study foods were provided frozen and contained either Beans (black, great northern, pinto, navy, mixture of all 4), Peas (yellow, green, mixture of both) or white Rice. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. Participants had a body mass index in the overweight range (~28 kg/m2), mildly elevated LDL‐cholesterol and total cholesterol (~3.8 and ~5.9 mmol/L, respectively), slightly elevated systolic blood pressure (~128/76 mmHg), but fasting glucose (~5.2 mmol/L) and glycated hemoglobin (~5.6%) within normal ranges. Consumption of the study foods for 6 weeks did not alter anthropometric measurements (body mass index, waist or hip circumference). After 6 weeks, the Beans group, but not the Peas group, had significantly lower LDL‐cholesterol (P=0.14) and total cholesterol (P=0.14) compared to the Rice group. Although fasting blood glucose and insulin were unchanged, the Beans group, but not the Peas group, had significantly lower glycated hemoglobin (P=0.05) compared to the Rice group. In contrast, systolic blood pressure was reduced (P=0.05) and there was a trend for lower diastolic pressure (P=0.097) in the Peas, but not the Beans group. In conclusion, regular consumption of pulses in amounts consistent with a food guide serving improved cardiovascular risk factors in people with mild hypercholesterolemia. However, pulse type was important as Beans lowered cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin whereas Peas lowered systolic blood pressure. The benefits for glycemia and blood pressure management were observed in individuals with normal glycated hemoglobin and blood pressure considered prehypertensive. Regular consumption of a mixture of pulses holds promise as a food‐based approach for reducing risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.Support or Funding InformationAlberta Innovates BioSolutions and Alberta Pulse Growers
Dietary Sphingomyelin Attenuates the Inflammatory Effects of an Obesogenic Diet in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Norris Gregory H , Porter Caitlin M , Jiang Christina , Millar Courtney L. , Blesso Christopher N 
Published: November 2023

Obesity is associated with chronic low‐grade inflammation, characterized by long‐term activation of the innate immune system in a variety of metabolic tissues. Chronic low‐grade inflammation contributes to metabolic dysfunction, driving the associated health consequences of obesity. In rodent models, high fat diet‐induced obesity has been shown to promote inflammation in the distal intestinal tract and surrounding mesenteric adipose tissue. This localized inflammatory response of the intestinal tissues is thought to precede the systemic inflammation and insulin resistance seen with obesity. Finding dietary components that potentially ameliorate intestinal and mesenteric adipose inflammation may attenuate some detrimental effects of obesity. Sphingomyelin (SM) is a common dietary sphingolipid that is consumed predominantly from milk and eggs. Structurally diverse sphingolipids from various sources have shown anti‐inflammatory effects in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. In the current study, C57BL/6J mice (N = 52) were divided into 4 diet groups and fed for 10 weeks either a low fat control diet (10% kcal from fat) (LFD, n = 10), an obesogenic high fat, high cholesterol diet (60% kcal as fat, 0.15% added cholesterol) (HFD, n = 14), or the HFD supplemented with either 0.1% (w/w) egg‐derived SM (HFESM, n = 14) or bovine milk‐derived SM (HFMSM, n = 14). The mice were subsequently analyzed for circulating inflammatory cytokines, mesenteric adipose mRNA and colon mRNA. HFMSM significantly reduced several inflammatory cytokines in serum (IFNγ, IL‐6, TNFα and CCL2), while HFESM reduced circulating CCL2. HFMSM showed lower mRNA expression of macrophage markers in the colon (F4/80, CD68, and CD11c) and increased Glut4 expression in the mesenteric adipose. HFESM reduced markers of macrophages infiltration (CD68 and F4/80) and increased AdipoQ expression in the mesenteric adipose. In summary, this data suggests that dietary SM can partly attenuate obesity‐related inflammation and modulate macrophage markers in the colon and mesenteric adipose in high fat diet‐induced obese mice. More research is warranted to determine if the structurally distinct SM species from milk and egg function through different mechanisms.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the University of Connecticut.
Whey And Casein In Non‐Fat Dairy Milk Protect Against Postprandial Hyperglycemia‐Mediated Dysregulated Arginine Metabolism In Prediabetic Adults
Authors: McDonald Joshua D , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Dey Priyankar , Volek Jeff S , Ballard Kevin D , Bruno Richard S 
Published: November 2023

Greater intakes of dairy are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Ingestion of low‐fat milk compared with carbohydrate‐rich rice milk limits postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH), a predictor of CVD‐related mortality. We hypothesized that acute ingestion of dairy milk proteins would protect against PPH‐mediated increases in lipid peroxidation and dysregulated arginine metabolism. A randomized, cross‐over study was conducted in prediabetic adults (n = 23) who ingested isovolumetric beverages (473 mL) of glucose (75 g; GLU), or glucose with non‐fat milk (MILK), whey protein isolate (WHEY), or sodium caseinate (CASEIN; 16.5 g). Plasma glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde (MDA), arginine (ARG) and its related metabolites [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA); symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), homoarginine (hARG)] that regulate nitric oxide (NO•) biosynthesis were measured to calculate postprandial AUC0–180 min. GlucoseAUC was lower (P<0.05) in MILK, WHEY, and CASEIN compared with GLU, whereas insulinAUC was unaffected (P>0.05). Compared with GLU, MDAAUC was lower in MILK only. Each dairy‐based beverage similarly increased ARGAUC while similarly decreasing ADMA/ARGAUC, SDMA/ARGAUC, and hARG/ARGAUC (P<0.01). GlucoseAUC correlated with MDAAUC (r = 0.36, P<0.01) and each correlated with ADMA/ARGAUC (r = 0.24–0.79 P<0.05) whereas only glucoseAUC correlated with SDMA/ARGAUC (r = 0.24, P<0.05). Whey and casein protect against PPH‐mediated dysregulated ARG metabolism independent of lipid peroxidation. These findings would be expected to decrease NO• bioavailability by competitively inhibiting NO• synthase and ARG availability, transport, and its binding to NO• synthase.Support or Funding InformationSupported by the National Dairy Council.
Brown and Paracardial Adipose Tissue Characteristics Influenced by High Fat, High Sucrose Diet and Thermoneutral Temperature in Pregnancy
Authors: Dellschaft Neele , Perez Gabriela , Aldiss Peter , Albustanji Layla , Budge Helen , Symonds Michael 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionTransgenerational programming of obesity may play a significant role in the increase of childhood obesity. Brown fat, a thermogenic tissue abundant in early postnatal life that is retained into adulthood could be a target organ to prevent obesity due to its high energy expenditure. Brown fat is less abundant with obesity and its activation is reduced in a warm environment. It is not known how these factors interact during pregnancy.MethodsFemale rats were raised on a low fat (L) diet or a high fat, high sucrose diet (H) and housed at either a cool (20°C) or thermoneutral temperature (27°C) from 4 weeks of age, and 6 females of each group were tissue sampled at 10 weeks of age. The remaining females were mated and sampled at either 10d (mid‐gestation, n=6) or 19d gestation (late‐gestation, n=6). Analysis of the tissues collected for this study are ongoing. Gene expression and histological appearance of brown and white adipose tissues was determined.ResultsAnimals fed the H diet had greater white fat mass, but a similar body weight than those fed L, irrespective of rearing temperature. Brown fat mass was higher in H females at 20°C at all time points but diet made no difference at thermoneutrality. Whilst leptin expression in brown fat was not changed in unmated females, it was higher in both groups of females at 27°C at 10d gestation, but only raised in H dams at 27°C at 19d gestation, suggesting a ‘whitening’ of the tissue, although UCP1 expression was unchanged at any time point.Paracardial adipose tissue mass in non‐pregnant females followed a similar pattern to the other adipose tissues. Both diet and temperature had a significant impact on histological appearance (Figure below), suggesting a stronger thermogenic capacity when reared in a cool temperature and fed an L diet.ConclusionsDiet has a strong influence on body composition which is modulated by housing temperature. We now aim to demonstrate the interaction of environmental temperature with excess fat mass on beige fat thermogenic capacity through pregnancy as well as fetal adaptations to these challenges.Support or Funding InformationThis work was supported by a EU‐CASCADE fellowship.
Tart Cherry Juice Reduces Systolic Blood Pressure in Older Adults
Authors: Chai Sheau C , Davis Kristina , Wright Regina S , Kuczmarski Marie F , Zhang Zugui , Lee Krystal , Luo Jing 
Published: November 2023

Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Common treatments for high blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemia include medications, but there is question as to whether natural sources may be adequate to improve CVD risk factors. Studies have suggested that age‐associated cardiovascular conditions may be ameliorated by the antioxidants in tart cherry juice. Hence, a randomized placebo‐controlled trial was conducted to evaluate whether older adults consuming 16 fluid ounces (fl. oz) of tart cherry juice daily would reduce CVD risk factors including lipid profiles, glucose, BP, body weight and waist circumference when compared to a group consuming 16 fl. oz. of placebo daily for 12 weeks. Thirty‐seven (N=37) generally healthy older adults between the ages of 65–80 years were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the tart cherry group or placebo group and were blinded to their group assignment. Fasting blood samples, BP and waist circumference data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks. Dietary intake and physical activity were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using a nonparametric one‐way ANOVA with Wilcoxon in SAS Version 9.2. Our findings indicate that older adults who consumed 16 fl. oz. tart cherry juice for 12 weeks had significantly lower systolic BP compared to individuals who consumed placebo (P<0.0089). Lipid profiles were not altered by tart cherry juice or placebo. Daily consumption of tart cherry juice does not negatively impact body weight and blood glucose. In conclusion, daily incorporation of tart cherry juice into the diet reduced systolic BP in older adults and could be a plausible intervention for improved cardiovascular health in older adults.Support or Funding InformationCherry Marketing Institute
The Antioxidant Activity of Pistachios Reduces Cardiac Tissue Injury of Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) In Diabetic Streptozotocin (STZ)‐Induced Hyperglycaemic Rats
Authors: Di Paola Rosanna , Fusco Roberta , Gugliandolo Enrico , Campolo Michela , Carughi Arianna , Mandalari Guiseppina , Cuzzocrea Salvatore 
Published: November 2023

Diabetes mellitus represents one of the most important risk factors for the development of heart pathology. By itself it represents a source of vascular and heart dysfunction through formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can compromise the recovery from cardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death occurring after prolonged ischemia of the coronary arteries. Restoring blood flow is the first intervention after a heart attack, although the process of restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium could induce additional injury. This phenomenon, termed myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (MI‐R) injury, is characterized by the formation of oxygen radicals. Pistachios are excellent sources of antioxidants, such as lutein, β‐carotene, and γ‐tocopherol in addition to selenium, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. Pistachios have important glucose‐ and insulin‐lowering effects and can improve the inflammatory profile by downregulating both the expression and the circulating levels of several metabolic risk markers.The present study evaluates the antioxidant properties of pistachios treatment on the inflammatory process associated to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) in diabetic rats.Left anterior descending (LAD) ligation has been used to induced MI‐R injury in diabetic rats. Occlusion of coronary artery was prolonged for 30 min followed by 2 h reperfusion. Rats were pre‐treated with either raw or roasted salted pistachios (30 mg/kg) 18h prior to the experimental procedure.Here we demonstrated that treatment with raw pistachios reduced myocardial tissue injury (I/R 3.5±0.3 vs raw pistachios 2.0±0.2 p ≤0.05), neutrophil infiltration (I/R 35.0±3.0 vs raw pistachios 22.0±2.0 p ≤0.05), adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, (I/R 7.0±0.3 vs raw pistachios 3.0±0.2 p ≤0.05) P‐selectin (I/R 5.0±0.1 vs raw pistachios 2.0±0.1 p ≤0.05)) expression, pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, I/R 11.0±2.0 vs raw pistachios 4.0±0.2 p ≤0.05)IL‐1β (I/R 12.0±0.2 vs raw pistachios 6±0.2 p ≤0.05)) production, nitrotyrosine and PAR formation, NF‐kB expression (I/R 23361.6 ± 3656.0 vs raw pistachios 1911.95 ± 770.0 p ≤0.05)) and apoptosis (Bax, (I/R 29235.2 ± 3394.0 vs raw pistachios 2301.37 ± 869.1 p ≤0.05)) Bcl‐2) activation. The effect of raw pistachios was higher compared with roasted pistachios.This data have clearly showed a modulation of the inflammatory process, associated with MI‐R injury, following administration of pistachios.Support or Funding InformationThis work was funded by the American Pistachio Growers (CA, US).
Anti‐atherogenic Effect of T0901317 Nanovesicles in THP‐1 Derived Macrophages
Authors: LIU JIE , Li Chuan , Wang Shu 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Intimal macrophages are determinant cells in the atherosclerotic lesion formation by facilitating cholesterol accumulation and increasing the inflammatory response in blood vessel walls. T0901317 can prevent and dramatically regress atherosclerosis by increasing cholesterol efflux and inhibiting inflammatory response via activating macrophage liver X receptors (LXR) . However its side effects including hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis hinder its application in clinics. We have successfully made T0901317 encapsulated nanovesicles (Tnano) and ligand‐incorporated Tnano (LTnano). Nanovesicles without T0901317 is Vnano, ligand Vnano is LVnano. This target ligand has a high binding affinity to macrophage scavenger receptor CD36. The object of the project is to investigate the anti‐atherogenic effect of LTnano in macrophages.MethodsWe used THP‐1 derived macrophages in this study. CD36 siRNA and Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent were used to knock down the CD36 in these macrophages. Scrambled SiRNA were used as a control. Fluorescence 1‐Oleoyl‐2‐[12‐[(7‐nitro‐2‐1,3‐benzoxadiazol‐4‐yl)amino]dodecanoyl]‐sn‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphocholine (NBD) were used to label all nanovesicles. THP‐1 derived macrophages and CD36 knockdown macrophages were treated with NBD‐labeled nanovesicles at 37 °C for 2 hours. After washing, cell nuclei were stained with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI). Macrophage binding and uptake of nanovesicles were observed under an EVOS® fluorescence microscope. To investigate the cholesterol lowering effect, THP‐1 derived macrophages were treated with Tnano, LTnano, free T0901317 at 1μM and controls (Vnano, LVnano, PBS). Total cholesterol and free cholesterol were measured using a HPLC method. Cholesterol ester was calculated as the difference between total and free cholesterol. Gene expression of scavenger receptors and some cytokines were measured using real time PCR.ResultsLTnano had a higher binding affinity to macrophages than Tnano. CD36 knockdown diminished LTnano binding to and uptake by macrophages. LTnano also decreased macrophage total and free cholesterol content compare to free T0901317 or Tnano. LTnano increased the mRNA levels of ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 1 and ATP‐binding cassette sub‐family G member 1 . Expression of LXR, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin 6, macrophage scavenger receptor 1, scavenger receptor class B member 1, CD36 will be determined.ConclusionsLTnano targeted macrophages via their CD36 binding sites. LTnano decreased macrophage total and free cholesterol content, which correlated with increased expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Additional anti‐atherogenic mechanisms are under investigation.Support or Funding InformationGrant Funding Source: NIH 1R15AT007013‐01