bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxygen‐Enhanced Biodegradation of Phenoxy Acids in Ground Water at Contaminated Sites
Authors: Tuxen Nina , Reitzel Lotte A. , Albrechtsen Hans‐Jørgen , Bjerg Poul L. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe effects of adding oxygen to anaerobic aquifer materials on biodegradation of phenoxy acid herbicides were studied by laboratory experiments with aquifer material from two contaminated sites (a former agricultural machinery service and an old landfill). At both sites, the primary pollutants were phenoxy acids and related chlorophenols. It was found that addition of oxygen enhanced degradation of the six original phenoxy acids and six original chlorophenols. Inverse modeling on 14C 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxypropanoic acid (MCPP) degradation curves revealed that increasing the oxygen concentrations from <0.3 mg/L up to 7 to 8 mg/L shortened the lag phases (from ∼150 d to 5 to 25 d) and increased first‐order degradation rate constants by 1 order of magnitude (from ∼5 × 10−2 d−1 to up to 30 × 10−2 d−1). Additionally, the degree of MCPP mineralization was increased (30% to 50% mineralized at low oxygen concentrations and 50% to 70% mineralized at high oxygen concentrations, based on 14CO2 recovery). These positive effects on degradation were observed even at relatively low oxygen concentrations (2 mg/L). Furthermore, effects related to the addition of oxygen on the general geochemistry were studied. An oxygen consumption of 2.2 to 2.6 mg O2/g dw was observed due to oxidation of solid organic matter and, to some extent (0.5% to 11% of the total oxygen consumption), water‐soluble compounds such as Fe2+, dissolved Mn, nonvolatile organic carbon, and NH4+. Overall, the results suggest that stimulated biodegradation by addition of oxygen might be a feasible remediation technology at herbicide‐contaminated sites, although oxygen consumption by the sediment could limit the applicability.
Steady‐State Soil Vapor Extraction from a Pressure‐Controlled or Flow‐Controlled Well
Authors: Perina Tomas , Lee Tien‐Chang 
Published: August 2005

AbstractAn analytical solution for steady‐state soil vapor extraction (SVE) is derived for both pressure‐controlled and flow‐controlled well with nonuniform radial flux along the well screen. Since the flow rate and wellhead pressure are not lumped into a single variable, the solutions developed here can predict wellhead pressures required to achieve desired extraction rates. Simulations based on the established P (pressure) or P2 linearization of the governing air flow equation yield practically indistinguishable results for steady SVE. Existing numerical models for ground water flow can therefore be used to represent SVE in the P linearization for more complex vadose zone geometry and heterogeneous soils. The maximum differences between pressure distributions predicted by the nonuniform and uniform flux models occur near the ends of the extraction well screen and diminish with radial distance. Application to field test data indicates that estimates of horizontal and vertical soil‐air permeability by the nonuniform flux model become similar to those obtained with the uniform flux model as the extraction well screen is shortened.
Ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) length variation across the Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Mateos Mariana , Markow Therese A 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe intergenic spacer of the ribosomal genes in eukaryotes (IGS) contains duplications of the core transcription promoter. The number of these duplicated promoters, as measured by the IGS length, appears to be correlated with growth rate and development time in several distantly related taxa. In the present study, we examined IGS length variation across a number of species ofDrosophilato determine the amount of variation in this trait across different evolutionary time scales. Furthermore, we compared the usefulness of two methods commonly used to determine IGS length: Southern Blot Hybridization (SB) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).ResultsOur results show broad variation in IGS length across the genusDrosophila, but closely related species had similar IGS lengths. Our results also suggest that PCR tends to underestimate the true IGS size when the size is greater than 5 kb, and that this degree of underestimation is greater as the IGS size increases.ConclusionBroad variation in IGS length occurs across large evolutionary divergences in the subfamily Drosophilinae. Although average IGS length has been shown to evolve rapidly under artificial selection, closely related taxa generally have similar average IGS lengths. Our comparison of methods suggests that without previous knowledge of the DNA sequence of the IGS and flanking regions, both methods be used to accurately measure IGS length.
Adenocarcinoma in bladder diverticulum, metastatic from gastric cancer
Authors: Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Tamura Taiso , Shimokawa Kuniyasu , Sugiyama Yasuyuki , Adachi Yosuke 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Metastasis to the urinary bladder from gastric cancer is rare. Metastasis to a diverticulum of the bladder from gastric cancer is extremely rare. We report a case of isolated bladder metastasis from gastric cancer and invasion localized to the muscularis propria of the primary site (stomach).

Case presentation
A 90-year-old female presented with nausea and vomiting that was diagnosed as gastric cancer, the patient also had intermittent hematuria. Pelvic computed tomography identified an abnormally thickened area in the bladder wall that was diagnosed as a diverticulum of the bladder. A biopsy of the bladder wall revealed well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma metastatic from gastric carcinoma.

Conclusion
Almost all cases of bladder metastasis from gastric cancer had peritoneal dissemination. This particular presentation of bladder metastasis from gastric cancer, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
Catheter-related septic thrombophlebitis of the great central veins successfully treated with low-dose streptokinase thrombolysis and antimicrobials
Authors: Volkow Patricia , Cornejo-Juárez Patricia , Arizpe-Bravo Ana Berta , García-Méndez Jorge , Baltazares-Lipp Enrique , Pérez-Padilla Rogelio 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
Septic thrombophlebitis is an iatrogenic life-threatening disease associated with use of central venous devices and intravenous (IV) therapy. In cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, vein resection or surgical thrombectomy in large central venous lines is time-consuming, can delay administration of chemotherapy, and therefore can compromise tumor control. Experience with thrombolysis has been published for catheter-related thrombosis but for septic thrombosis, this experience is scarce.

Results
We describe three patients with cancer and septic thrombophlebitis of central veins caused by Staphylococcus aureus treated with catheter removal, thrombolysis, and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. In our reported cases, an initial bolus of 250,000 international units (IU) of streptokinase administered during the first h followed by an infusion of 20,000–40,000 IU/h for 24–36 h through a proximal peripheral vein was sufficient to dissolve the thrombus. After thrombolyisis and parenteral antibiotic for 4–6 weeks the septic thrombosis due to Staphylococcus aureus solved in all cases. No surgical procedure was needed, and potential placement of a catheter in the same vein was permitted.

Conclusion
Thrombolysis with streptokinase solved symptoms, cured infection, prevented embolus, and in all cases achieved complete thrombus lysis, avoiding permanent central-vein occlusion.
Analysis of blood coagulation in mice: pre-analytical conditions and evaluation of a home-made assay for thrombin-antithrombin complexes
Authors: Sommeijer Dirkje W , van Oerle René , Reitsma Pieter H , Timmerman Janneke J , Meijers Joost CM , Spronk Henri MH , ten Cate Hugo 
Published: August 2005

Abstract

Background
The use of mouse models for the study of thrombotic disorders has gained increasing importance. Methods for measurement of coagulation activation in mice are, however, scarce. The primary aim of this study was to develop a specific mouse thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) ELISA for measurement of coagulation activation and to compare it with two commercially available assays for human TAT complexes. In addition, we aimed to improve methods for mouse plasma anticoagulation and preparation.

Methods and results
First, for the measurement of TAT-complexes in plasma a mouse specific TAT-ELISA was developed using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against mouse thrombin and rat antithrombin, respectively. This ELISA detected an increase in TAT levels in a mouse model of endotoxemia. Two commercial human TAT ELISAs appeared to be less specific for mouse thrombin-rat antithrombin complexes.
Second, to prevent clotting of mouse blood sodium citrate was either mixed with blood during collection in a syringe or was injected intravenously immediately prior to blood collection. Intravenous sodium citrate completely inhibited blood coagulation resulting in plasma with consistently low TAT levels. Sodium citrate mixed with blood during collection resulted in increased TAT levels in 4 out of 16 plasma samples. Third, heparinase was added to plasma samples after in vivo injection of different heparin doses to test its neutralizing effect. Heparinase neutralized up to a 20 U of heparin/mouse and resulted in accurate APTT and factor VIII determinations.

Conclusion
These procedures and reagents for plasma preparation and coagulation testing will improve studies on thrombotic disorders in mice.
Strengthening Medicare: Will increasing the bulk-billing rate and supply of general practitioners increase access to Medicare-funded general practitioner services and does rurality matter?
Authors: Day Susan E , Alford Katrina , Dunt David , Peacock Stuart , Gurrin Lyle , Voaklander Don 
Published: August 2005

AbstractBackgroundRecent increases in the bulk-billing rate have been taken as an indication that the Federal government'sStrengthening Medicareinitiative, and particularly the bulk-billing incentives, are 'working'. Given the enduring geographic differences in the supply of general practitioners (GPs) it is timely to reconsider the impact that this increase in the provision of 'free care' will have on access to Medicare-funded GP services in rural and urban areas of Australia. Utilisation has been modelled as two different stochastic processes: the decision to consult and the frequency of consultation.ResultsIn the decision to consult model the supply of FFS GPs is a more important predictor of utilisation than the bulk-billing rate. Paradoxically the modelling predicts that ceteris paribus increases in either GP supply or the bulk-billing rate appear to have perverse effects in some areas by decreasing utilisation. In the frequency of consultation model, GP density is not a predictor and increasing the bulk-billing rate will unambiguously increase the frequency of consultation across all areas. In both models, the positive impacts associated with changes in supply and cost are constrained outside the inner metropolitan area by reduced geographic accessibility to Medicare-funded GP services. The modelling also shows that people are more likely to consult a GP in areas of high socioeconomic disadvantage, although socioeconomic status is not a predictor of frequency of consultation.ConclusionBulk-billing rates and the supply of FFS GPs are important features of the Australian health care system that are, potentially, amenable to policy manipulation. The implications of this research are that government policies designed to achieve similarity in these characteristics across geographic areas will not result in equity of access because they fail to address problems caused by geographic inaccessibility in rural and remote areas. Attempting to increase bulk-billing rates in some of these areas may, in fact, reduce access to FFS GP services.
Effect of aqueous acetic, oxalic and carbonic acids on the adsorption of americium onto α-alumina
Authors: Alliot Cyrille , Bion Lionel , Mercier Florence , Vitorge Pierre , Toulhoat Pierre 
Published: August 2005

SummaryThe prediction of the migration for radionuclides in geologic media requires a quantitative knowledge of retardation phenomena. For this purpose, the sorption of Am(III) onto a model mineral — α-alumina — is studied here, including the effects of groundwater chemistry: pH and concentrations of small organic ligands (acetate, oxalate and carbonate anions). This work presents some experimental evidences for the synergic sorption mechanism of americium–ligand cationic complexes onto the alumina. As its anionic complexes were not sorbed, Am(III) cations were desorbed as a result of the formation of anionic complexes in the aqueous phase. By using the ion-exchange theory, and a corresponding restricted set of parameters — exchange capacities and thermodynamic equilibrium constants — the whole set of sorption experiments of Am(III) cationic species onto the α-alumina was modelled in various chemical conditions.
Fluoxetine-Resistance Genes inCaenorhabditis elegansFunction in the Intestine and May Act in Drug Transport
Authors: Choy Robert K M , Kemner John M , Thomas James H 
Published: August 2005

AbstractFluoxetine (Prozac) is one of the most widely prescribed pharmaceuticals, yet important aspects of its mechanism of action remain unknown. We previously reported that fluoxetine and related antidepressants induce nose muscle contraction of C. elegans. We also reported the identification and initial characterization of mutations in seven C. elegans genes that cause defects in this response (Nrf, nose resistant to fluoxetine). Here we present genetic evidence that the known nrf genes can be divided into two subgroups that confer sensitivity to fluoxetine-induced nose contraction by distinct pathways. Using both tissue-specific promoters and genetic mosaic analysis, we show that a gene from one of these classes, nrf-6, functions in the intestine to confer fluoxetine sensitivity. Finally, we molecularly identify nrf-5, another gene in the same class. The NRF-5 protein is homologous to a family of secreted lipid-binding proteins with broad ligand specificity. NRF-5 is expressed in the intestine and is likely secreted into the pseudocoelomic fluid, where it could function to transport fluoxetine. One model that explains these findings is that NRF-5 binds fluoxetine and influences its presentation or availability to in vivo targets.
CBT1 Interacts Genetically With CBP1 and the Mitochondrially Encoded Cytochrome b Gene and Is Required to Stabilize the Mature Cytochrome b mRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ellis Timothy P , Schonauer Melissa S , Dieckmann Carol L 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Mutation of a CCG sequence in the 5′-untranslated region of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in destabilization of the message and respiratory deficiency of the mutant strain. This phenotype mimics that of a mutation in the nuclear CBP1 gene. Here it is shown that overexpression of the nuclear CBT1 gene, due to a transposon insertion in the 5′-untranslated region, rescues the respiratory defects resulting from mutating the CCG sequence to ACG. Overexpressing alleles of CBT1 are allelic to soc1, a previously isolated suppressor of cbp1ts-induced temperature sensitivity of respiratory growth. Quantitative primer extension analysis indicated that cbt1 null strains have defects in 5′-end processing of precursor cytochrome b mRNA to the mature form. Cbt1p is also required for stabilizing the mature cytochrome b mRNA after 5′ processing.
Activation of an Alternative, Rec12 (Spo11)-Independent Pathway of Fission Yeast Meiotic Recombination in the Absence of a DNA Flap Endonuclease
Authors: Farah Joseph A , Cromie Gareth , Davis Luther , Steiner Walter W , Smith Gerald R 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Spo11 or a homologous protein appears to be essential for meiotic DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation and recombination in all organisms tested. We report here the first example of an alternative, mutationally activated pathway for meiotic recombination in the absence of Rec12, the Spo11 homolog of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Rad2, a FEN-1 flap endonuclease homolog, is involved in processing Okazaki fragments. In its absence, meiotic recombination and proper segregation of chromosomes were restored in rec12Δ mutants to nearly wild-type levels. Although readily detectable in wild-type strains, meiosis-specific DSBs were undetectable in recombination-proficient rad2Δ rec12Δ strains. On the basis of the biochemical properties of Rad2, we propose that meiotic recombination by this alternative (Rec*) pathway can be initiated by non-DSB lesions, such as nicks and gaps, which accumulate during premeiotic DNA replication in the absence of Okazaki fragment processing. We compare the Rec* pathway to alternative pathways of homologous recombination in other organisms.
Evidence of Meiotic Crossover Control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Through Mec1-Mediated Phosphorylation of Replication Protein A
Authors: Bartrand Amy J , Iyasu Dagmawi , Marinco Suzanne M , Brush George S 
Published: August 2005

Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is the major single-stranded DNA-binding protein in eukaryotes, essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. During mitosis and meiosis in budding yeast, RPA becomes phosphorylated in reactions that require the Mec1 protein kinase, a central checkpoint regulator and homolog of human ATR. Through mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, we have now identified a single serine residue in the middle subunit of the RPA heterotrimer that is targeted for phosphorylation by Mec1 both in vivo and in vitro. Cells containing a phosphomimetic version of RPA generated by mutation of this serine to aspartate exhibit a significant alteration in the pattern of meiotic crossovers for specific genetic intervals. These results suggest a new function of Mec1 that operates through RPA to locally control reciprocal recombination.
Nitrate‐ and Nitrite‐Assisted Conversion of an Acetonitrile Ligand Into an Amidato Bridge at an {Mo2(Cp)2(μ‐SMe)3} Core: Electrochemistry of the Amidato Complex [Mo2(Cp)2(μ‐SMe)3{μ‐η1,η1‐OC(Me)NH}]+
Authors: Le Hénanf Marc , Le Roy Christine , Pétillon François Y. , Schollhammer Philippe , Talarmin Jean 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTreatment of [Mo2(Cp)2(μ‐SMe)3(MeCN)2]+ (1+) with NO3– or NO2– results in the conversion of one terminally bound acetonitrile ligand into an amidato bridge. The reaction produces [Mo2(Cp)2(μ‐SMe)3{μ‐η1,η1‐OC(Me)NH}]0/+ (20/+) and involves the formation of an intermediate, which was detected by cyclic voltammetry but which could not be isolated, and which likely arises from the substitution of the NOx anion for one MeCN ligand. The electrochemical behaviour of 2+ was studied by cyclic voltammetry in THF and MeCN. The reduction of 2+ in the presence of acid (HBF4/H2O or HBF4/Et2O) in these solvents leads to the release of the amidate bridge. Controlled‐potential electrolysis of 2+ in MeCN in the presence of acid produces 1+ quantitatively; the charge consumed (>1 F mol–1 of 1+) indicates that electrons are also used to reduce protons. This was confirmed by the formation of 2+ (in variable amounts depending on the conditions) on treating 2 with acid. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Self‐Assembly of 1‐D Coordination Polymers Using Organometallic Linkers and Exhibiting Argentophilic Interactions AgI···AgI
Authors: Moussa Jamal , Boubekeur Kamal , Amouri Hani 
Published: August 2005

AbstractTreatment of the organometallic linkers [Cp*M(η4‐benzoquinone)] [M = Rh, LRh, (1a); M = Ir, LIr (1b)] with excess AgOTf provided the novel 1‐D coordination polymers of the formula {[Ag3(LM)2(CH3CN)2(OTf)][LM](OTf)2}n (2a,b). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies carried out on 2a and 2b showed that these polymers exhibit, as an outstanding feature, the presence of d10···d10 argentophilic interactions between the silver atoms. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The C‐terminal Ca2+‐binding domain of SPARC confers anti‐spreading activity to human urothelial cells
Authors: Delostrinos Catherine F. , Hudson Amber E. , Feng Waldo C. , Kosman Jeffrey , Bassuk James A. 
Published: August 2005

AbstractThe anti‐spreading activity of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been assigned to the C‐terminal third domain, a region rich in α‐helices. This “extracellular calcium‐binding” (EC) domain contains two EF‐hands that each coordinates one Ca2+ ion, forming a helix‐loop‐helix structure that not only drives the conformation of the protein but is also necessary for biological activity. Recombinant (r) EC, expressed in E. coli, was fused at the C‐terminus to a His hexamer and isolated under denaturing conditions by nickel‐chelate affinity chromatography. rEC‐His was renatured by procedures that simultaneously (i) removed denaturing conditions, (ii) catalyzed disulfide bond isomerization, and (iii) initiated Ca2+‐dependent refolding. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies demonstrated that rEC‐His exhibited a Ca2+‐dependent conformation that was consistent with the known crystal structure. Spreading assays confirmed that rEC‐His was biologically active through its ability to inhibit the spreading of freshly plated human urothelial cells propagated from transitional epithelium. rEC‐His and rSPARC‐His exhibited highly similar anti‐spreading activities when measured as a function of concentration or time. In contrast to the wild‐type and EC recombinant proteins, rSPARC(E268F)‐His, a point substitution mutant at the Z position of EF‐hand 2, failed to exhibit both Ca2+‐dependent changes in α‐helical secondary structure and anti‐spreading activity. The collective data provide evidence that the motif of SPARC responsible for anti‐spreading activity was dependent on the coordination of Ca2+ by a Glu residue at the Z position of EF‐hand 2 and provide insights into how adhesive forces are balanced within the extracellular matrix of urothelial cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and denial of sexual abuse in a male psychiatric inpatient population
Authors: Lab Damon D. , Moore Estelle 
Published: August 2005

AbstractWhile the link between sexual abuse and psychiatric morbidity is well established, there are only a few studies that have investigated the prevalence of sexual abuse in male psychiatric populations and these studies have typically employed designs that ignore methodological issues specific to male sexual abuse. The present study aims to contribute to this research using as methodologically sound approach as possible. Seventy‐four male inpatients were interviewed using a questionnaire (J. N. Briere, 1992) about childhood sexual experiences. Approximately one third reported incidents that met this study's criteria for sexual abuse. Many of these men did not label such experiences as “sexual abuse.” The results suggest that mental health professionals need to be aware that many of their male patients may have a history of sexual abuse and that potential minimization or denial of it is a barrier to disclosure.