bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition behavior and heat transfer of flame spread over liquid fuel with the influence of a step obstacle in the gas phase
Authors: Yang Shenlin , Hu Peiyuan , Li Ranran , Li Manhou , Xie Quanmin , Li Jingchuan 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe transportation of oil is an important aspect of chemical process safety. In the accidental leakage of oil and related products, the flame spread occurs occasionally when the liquid fuel is activated by a pilot flame. In the potential application of fire prevention, a step obstacle placed above the oil ditch may effectively hinder the flame spread. The effectiveness of the usage of a step obstacle depends on the size of the obstacle and the heat exchange mechanism. Therefore, the investigation of inhibition behavior and heat transfer of liquid flame spread with gas step obstacle is performed. The hot fluids flow inside the channel to carry out the convection heat to the initial cold oils on the opposite of the gas step obstacle. The flame configuration is blocked behind the step obstacle. The flame spread behaviors including flame morphology, inhibition time, and air entrainment are characterized and analyzed. The heat flows of flame radiation and liquid‐phase convection are theoretically calculated, and the primary heat transfer mechanism is determined. This work is helpful for the development of fire safety technology and the establishment of standard specifications for oil transportation.
Hysteresis‐Free, Elastic, and Tough Hydrogel with Stretch‐Rate Independence and High Stability in Physiological Conditions
Authors: Ji Donghwan , Kim Dong‐Yeong , Fan Ziwen , Lee Chang‐Soo , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMany existing synthetic hydrogels are inappropriate for repetitive motions because of large hysteresis, and their mechanical properties in warm and saline physiological conditions remain understudied. In this study, a stretch‐rate‐independent, hysteresis‐free, elastic, and tough nanocomposite hydrogel that can maintain its mechanical properties in phosphate‐buffered saline of 37 °C similar to warm and saline conditions of the human body is developed. The strength, stiffness, and toughness of the hydrogel are simultaneously reinforced by biomimetic silica nanoparticles with a surface of embedded circular polyamine chains. Such distinctive surfaces form robust interfacial interactions by local topological folding/entanglement with the polymer chains of the matrix. Load transfer from the soft polymer matrix to stiff nanoparticles, along with the elastic sliding/unfolding/disentanglement of polymer chains, overcomes the traditional trade‐off between strength/stiffness and toughness and allows for hysteresis‐free, strain‐rate‐independent, and elastic behavior. This robust reinforcement is sustained in warm phosphate‐buffered saline. These properties demonstrate the application potential of the developed hydrogel as a soft, elastic, and tough bio‐strain sensor that can detect dynamic motions across various deformation speeds and ranges. The findings provide a simple yet effective approach to developing practical hydrogels with a desirable combination of strength/stiffness and toughness, in a fully swollen and equilibrated state.
Modification, Structural Characterizations, and Biological Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides: A Review
Authors: Hao Zitong , Dai Shasha , Tan Jiaqi , Gao Yuchao , Sang Yumei , Xue Hongkun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPolysaccharides are another important class of bioactive macromolecules in organisms, in addition to proteins and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have confirmed that polysaccharides have various biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anticancer, and other activities, which have attracted the attention of researchers in the biomedical field. In the past decade, increasing researches have found that sulfation modification can improve many physicochemical properties of polysaccharides, significantly enhance their original biological activities, and even generate new activity. Hence, sulfated polysaccharides have attracted more and more attention. A systematic review of the latest research progress and future development prospects of sulfated polysaccharides is very essential to better understand them. Hence, the study has systematically summarized current knowledge about synthesis, structural characteristics, biological activities, and potential molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides. This review provides some valuable insights and important guidance for the further study of sulfated polysaccharides.
Facing neoliberalism in education: How English language teachers enact their critical identities
Authors: Guerrero‐Nieto Carmen Helena , Castañeda‐Trujillo Jairo Enrique 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIn the 1990s, Colombia embraced neoliberalism, and as a result, all public and private institutions and organizations have adhered to its principles. Following this ideology, the national government implemented an educational quality policy intending to standardize processes and measure outcomes to position the country favorably in the global market. These policy actions directly impact schools, further entrenching neoliberalism in education and consequently influencing the practices and identities of teachers. This article centers on the personal experiences of two female English teachers pursuing a master's degree in English teaching. Through semi‐structured narrative interviews and analysis using a narrative‐based analytical framework, the accounts of these teachers reveal the challenges they face due to neoliberal practices, which tend to belittle, exploit, and discredit them. Nevertheless, the narratives also highlight how these teachers overcame their fears and openly expressed their ideas, asserting their critical identities and aligning their actions with the knowledge they gained through their master's studies. Therefore, it can be concluded that despite the disparity between the critical emphasis in teacher education, particularly in public universities, and the expectations placed on educators, the critical identity of these teachers is effectively manifested.
Manganese induces oxidative damage in the hippocampus by regulating the expression of oxidative stress‐related genes via modulation of H3K18 acetylation
Authors: Chen Zhi , Ao Chunyan , Liu Yan , Yang Yue , Liu Ying , Ming Qian , Li Changzhe , Zhao Hua , Ban Jiaqi , Li Jun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProlonged exposure to manganese (Mn) contributes to hippocampal Mn accumulation, which leads to neurodegenerative diseases called manganese poisoning. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear and there are no ideal biomarkers. Oxidative stress is the essential mechanisms of Mn‐related neurotoxicity. Furthermore, histone acetylation has been identified as being engaged in the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the work aims to understand the molecular mechanisms of oxidative damage in the hippocampus due to Mn exposure from the aspect of histone acetylation modification and to assess whether H3K18 acetylation (H3K18ac) modification level in peripheral blood reflect Mn‐induced oxidative damage in the hippocampus. Here, we randomly divided 60 male rats into four groups and injected them intraperitoneally with sterile pure water and MnCl2⋅4H2O (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks, 5 days a week, once a day. The data confirmed that Mn exposure down‐regulated superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level as well as up‐regulated malondialdehyde level in the hippocampus and plasma, and that there was a positive correlation between these indicators in the hippocampus and plasma. Besides, we noted that Mn treatment upregulated H3K18ac modification levels in the hippocampus and peripheral blood and that H3K18ac modification levels correlated with oxidative stress. Further studies demonstrated that Mn treatment decreased the amounts of H3K18ac enrichment in the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and glutathione transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) gene promoter regions, contributing to oxidative damage in the hippocampus. In short, our results demonstrate that Mn induces oxidative damage in the hippocampus by inhibiting the expression of SOD2 and GSTO1 genes via modulation of H3K18ac. In assessing Mn‐induced hippocampal neurotoxicity, oxidative damage in plasma may reflect hippocampal oxidative damage in Mn‐exposed groups.
Potenzialanalyse industrieller Datenanalysen in der Produktion am Beispiel des Kunststoffschweißens
Authors: Beiß Tobias , Klapic Edin , Hardt Tina , Schwenken Jörn , Deuse Jochen 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel beschreibt die Umsetzung der Datenakquise am Beispiel des Heizelementschweißens von Kunststoffen an einer Laborschweißanlage sowie an einer industriellen Produktionsanlage. Die Identifizierung der relevanten Datenquellen und die Verknüpfung des Expertenwissens über den Prozess sind Kernbestandteile der Realisierung. Dazu wurde zunächst er Schweißprozess in die relevanten Prozessphasen eingeteilt. Innerhalb der Phasen wurden wichtige und an der Maschine verfügbare Prozessgrößen identifiziert und mithilfe eines Datensammlers (ARENDAR) über die gesamte Prozesszeit aufgezeichnet. Im Anschluss wurden die Daten mittels KI-Methoden analysiert. Es zeigte sich u. a., dass der Prozessablauf in der Maschine Fehler enthielt. Auch der Prozessablauf war in den ersten Messungen mit falschen Parametern eingestellt, die über die Auswertungen identifiziert und korrigiert werden konnten. In weiteren Versuchsreihen wurden gezielt mit Fehlern präparierte Probekörper geschweißt und die Auswirkungen auf die erfassten Daten untersucht. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass der Prozess sehr robust ist und die automatisierte Erkennung von Fehlern im Prozess im Labormaßstab nicht eindeutig möglich war. Weitere Messungen werden in einem industriellen Szenario durchgeführt, bei dem eine größere Anzahl an Bauteilen als im Labor geschweißt werden kann. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass nur im Zusammenspiel von Datenquellen, Expertenwissen und einer geeigneten Interpretation mittels Data Science Methoden eine erfolgreiche KI-gestützte Inline-Prozessanalyse möglich ist.
Integration der Kundenmeinung ins Geschäftsmodell
Authors: Frey Michael 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungKundenfeedback ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für jedes Geschäftsmodell, da es wertvolle Einblicke in die Bedürfnisse, Wünsche und Probleme der Kunden bietet, die bei der Verbesserung von Produkten, Dienstleistungen und der allgemeinen Kundenerfahrung hilfreich sein können. Darüber hinaus kann eine positive Kundenbewertung das Vertrauen und die Glaubwürdigkeit eines Unternehmens erhöhen und somit langfristig zum Geschäftserfolg beitragen. Es ist jedoch mit hohem Aufwand verbunden Kundenfeedback zu erfassen, da es eine sorgfältige Planung und Umsetzung erfordert, um die Qualität und Relevanz der Rückmeldungen sicherzustellen und die richtigen Informationen zu sammeln. Das vorliegende Kapitel beschreibt die prototypische Umsetzung des in im Forschungsprojekt AKKORD entwickelten Konzepts zur digitalen Kollaborationsmöglichkeiten und Geschäftsmodellen anhand des Beispiels der teilautomatischen Integration von Kundenfeedback in ein bestehendes Geschäftsmodell. Ziel des vorliegenden Anwendungsfalls ist es, aus frei im Internet zugänglichen Quellen Meinungen zu Produkten und Dienstleistungen in unstrukturierter Weise zu erfassen und mit Hilfe von Techniken der natürlichen Sprachverarbeitung in eine strukturierte Form zu bringen, um anhand der darin enthaltenen Informationen das jeweils vorliegende Geschäftsmodell weiterzuentwickeln. Der dazu entwickelte Prototyp verwendet im Kern eine Sentiment-Analyse, um die jeweilige Stimmung des Verfassers der Produktbewertung zu extrahieren.
Re-envisioning Women’s Empowerment: A Maqasid Approach to Understanding Women’s Status and Rights in Islam
Authors: Abdelgafar Basma I. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLike other human rights treatises, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has elicited moral-religious responses from both state and non-state actors, especially in predominantly Muslim societies. The reactions are divided, with supporters and opponents using selective traditional arguments. This paper suggests that the Islamic response lacks a comprehensive approach and is fragmented, relying on partialistic views of the Shariah and offers to adopt a new maqasid methodology (NMM) to examine the status and rights of women in Islam. The paper challenges the focus on inequality as the main cause of injustice and argues that empowering women involves recognizing their relationship with their Creator as well as their relationships to their own selves, other individuals and groups, and all other creatures. The dominance of two policy positions (full acceptance or acceptance with reservations) that assume or neglect these deeper issues is inadequate and does not reflect the potential of an Islamic perspective. The Islamic perspective has yet to be fully explored and cannot endorse positions that view women in conflict with men or that are based on false premises.
Empowering Women Through Public Sector Employment in Qatar: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Naguib Rabia , Aref Ahmed 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIntegrating women into the workforce is considered as part of the economic progress formula and modernization process leading to women’s empowerment. While this process has been internally driven in Western societies, it is globally imposed through policy diffusion, raising challenges for policy-makers to adapt the prevailing models to local cultures. Given the dearth of empirical studies in the context of Arab Gulf countries, this chapter offers compelling insights and qualitative evidence of women’s employment in Qatar. It focuses on the public sector as it represents the main employer of women providing many benefits and opportunities while presenting some constraints and challenges. Using an integrative multi-level lens and a culturally sensitive approach results from 50 in-depth semi-structured interviews with civil servants are analyzed to identify factors affecting women’s economic empowerment. The findings highlight the complexity of determining specific factors and provide policy recommendations based on women’s opinions and conveyed voices.
Silver isotope analysis and systematics of native gold from the Rajapalot Co-enriched gold deposit, Finnish Lapland
Authors: Tepsell J. , Lahaye Y. , Molnár F. , Rämö O.T. , Cook N. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSilver is probably the closest isotopic proxy to track monoisotopic gold and has been shown to have great potential to yield new information on the origin and enrichment processes of gold. This study describes the development of a tailored analytical protocol for accurate analysis of Ag isotopes and provides the first Ag isotope data for the Paleoproterozoic Rajapalot Au-Co deposit, Finnish Lapland. Six native Au samples yield ε109Ag values (relative to NIST SRM 978a) from −6.8 to +2.1 and are within the range of Ag isotopic compositions reported for native Au samples. The mean of the analyzed Au samples is ε109Ag = −3.8 ± 1.7 (2SD) with most of the samples with negative ε109Ag values (−6.7 to −2.0); one sample has a positive ε109Ag value of +2.1 ± 0.5. Silver isotope fractionation in the Rajapalot Au deposit was likely associated with physicochemical processes related to deposition and/or re-mobilization of the ore rather than with source region inheritance. It is suggested that redox reactions involving Ag+ ↔ Ag0 phase change primarily account for the isotopic differences within the deposit. Our results also suggest that the Rajapalot Au-Co deposit was formed via multistage ore-forming processes and/or that the primary ore was re-mobilized, which caused isotope fractionation along fluid pathways. Silver isotope variation within a deposit may mark a fractional crystallization trend with the lightest isotopic composition representing the earliest precipitate. Hence, Ag isotopes show potential as an isotopic vectoring tool in search of Au-enriched domains.
A new conceptual model of global ocean heat uptake
Authors: Gregory Jonathan M. , Bloch-Johnson Jonah , Couldrey Matthew P. , Exarchou Eleftheria , Griffies Stephen M. , Kuhlbrodt Till , Newsom Emily , Saenko Oleg A. , Suzuki Tatsuo , Wu Quran , Urakawa Shogo , Zanna Laure 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe formulate a new conceptual model, named “MT2”, to describe global ocean heat uptake, as simulated by atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) forced by increasing atmospheric CO$$_{2}$$

2

, as a function of global-mean surface temperature change T and the strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC, M). MT2 has two routes whereby heat reaches the deep ocean. On the basis of circumstantial evidence, we hypothetically identify these routes as low- and high-latitude. In low latitudes, which dominate the global-mean energy balance, heat uptake is temperature-driven and described by the two-layer model, with global-mean T as the temperature change of the upper layer. In high latitudes, a proportion p (about 14%) of the forcing is taken up along isopycnals, mostly in the Southern Ocean, nearly like a passive tracer, and unrelated to T. Because the proportion p depends linearly on the AMOC strength in the unperturbed climate, we hypothesise that high-latitude heat uptake and the AMOC are both affected by some characteristic of the unperturbed global ocean state, possibly related to stratification. MT2 can explain several relationships among AOGCM projections, some found in this work, others previously reported: $$\bullet $$
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Ocean heat uptake efficiency correlates strongly with the AMOC. $$\bullet $$
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Global ocean heat uptake is not correlated with the AMOC. $$\bullet $$
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Transient climate response (TCR) is anticorrelated with the AMOC. $$\bullet $$
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T projected for the late twenty-first century under high-forcing scenarios correlates more strongly with the effective climate sensitivity than with the TCR.
Frequency of Consumption of Food Groups and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Genetically Informative Twin Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Zavos Helena M. S. , Riddleston Laura , Jayaweera Kaushalya , Dissanayake Lasith , Jabir Sameeha , Pannala Gayani , Hotopf Matthew , Siribaddana Sisira , Sumathipala Athula , Rijsdijk Frühling V. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) globally have undergone rapid urbanisation, and changes in demography and health behaviours. In Sri Lanka, cardio-vascular disease and diabetes are now leading causes of mortality. High prevalence of their risk factors, including hypertension, dysglycaemia and obesity have also been observed. Diet is a key modifiable risk factor for both cardio-vascular disease and diabetes as well as their risk factors. Although typically thought of as an environmental risk factor, dietary choice has been shown to be genetically influenced, and genes associated with this behaviour correlate with metabolic risk indicators. We used Structural Equation Model fitting to investigate the aetiology of dietary choices and cardio-metabolic phenotypes in COTASS, a population-based twin and singleton sample in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire (N = 3934) which assessed frequency of intake of 14 food groups including meat, vegetables and dessert or sweet snacks. Anthropometric (N = 3675) and cardio-metabolic (N = 3477) phenotypes were also collected including weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides. Frequency of consumption of most food items was found to be largely environmental in origin with both the shared and non-shared environmental influences indicated. Modest genetic influences were observed for some food groups (e.g. fruits and leafy greens). Cardio-metabolic phenotypes showed moderate genetic influences with some shared environmental influence for Body Mass Index, blood pressure and triglycerides. Overall, it seemed that shared environmental effects were more important for both dietary choices and cardio-metabolic phenotypes compared to populations in the Global North.
Chest Computed Tomography Characteristics of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Auto-antibodies Against Type I Interferons
Authors: Lafont Rapnouil Baptiste , Zaarour Youssef , Arrestier Romain , Bastard Paul , Peiffer Bastien , Moncomble Elsa , Parfait Mélodie , Bellaïche Raphaël , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Mekontso Dessap Armand , Mule Sébastien , de Prost Nicolas 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Patients with auto-antibodies neutralizing type I interferons (anti-IFN auto-Abs) are at risk of severe forms of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The chest computed tomography (CT) scan characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients harboring these auto-Abs have never been reported.

Methods
Bicentric ancillary study of the ANTICOV study (observational prospective cohort of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure between March 2020 and May 2021) on chest CT scan characteristics (severity score, parenchymal, pleural, vascular patterns). Anti-IFN auto-Abs were detected using a luciferase neutralization reporting assay. Imaging data were collected through independent blinded reading of two thoracic radiologists of chest CT studies performed at ICU admission (± 72 h). The primary outcome measure was the evaluation of severity by the total severity score (TSS) and the CT severity score (CTSS) according to the presence or absence of anti-IFN auto-Abs.

Results
Two hundred thirty-one critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in the study (mean age 59.5 ± 12.7 years; males 74.6%). Day 90 mortality was 29.5% (n = 72/244). There was a trend towards more severe radiological lesions in patients with anti-IFN auto-Abs than in others, not reaching statistical significance (median CTSS 27.5 (21.0–34.8) versus 24.0 (19.0–30.0), p = 0.052; median TSS 14.5 (10.2–17.0) versus 12.0 (9.0–15.0), p = 0.070). The extra-parenchymal evaluation found no difference in the proportion of patients with pleural effusion, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, or thymal abnormalities in the two populations. The prevalence of pulmonary embolism was not significantly different between groups (8.7% versus 5.3%, p = 0.623, n = 175).

Conclusion
There was no significant difference in disease severity as evaluated by chest CT in severe COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure with or without anti-IFN auto-Abs.