bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a predictive model for white matter lesions in young- and middle-aged people
Authors: Zhang Renwei , Peng Li , Cai Qi , Xu Yao , Liu Zhenxing , Liu Yumin 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundWhite matter lesion (WML) is an age-related disorder associated with stroke and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and build a predictive model of WML in young- and middle-aged people.MethodsWe performed a second analysis of the data from the Dryad Digital Repository. We selected those people who are &lt;60 years old and randomly divided them into the training group and the validation group. We investigated the risk factors of WML in the training group with logistic regression analysis and built a prediction nomogram based on multivariate logistic regression analysis; finally, the performance of the prediction nomogram was evaluated for discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility.ResultsThere were 308 people in the training group and 723 people in the validation group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the age (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.31–1.70), diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), carotid plaque score (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14–1.50), female gender (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.56–3.30), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.22–3.70) were significantly associated with white matter lesions. The area under the curve value (AUC) of the receiver operating curve (ROC) was 0.734 for the training group and 0.642 for the validation group. The calibration curve and clinical impact curve showed that the prediction nomogram has good accuracy and clinical application value.ConclusionAge, diastolic blood pressure, carotid plaque score, female gender, and metabolic syndrome were risk factors in young- and middle-aged people &lt;60 years old with WML, and the nomogram based on these risk factors showed good discrimination, accuracy, and clinical utility.
Endovascular treatment for basilar artery occlusion: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Li , Yu Ying , Zhou Limei , Xu Ping , Guo Xianbin , Xie Yu , Cai Junxiu , Pan Min , Tang Jie , Gong Qingtao , Su Rong , Lou Yake , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and economic effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) combined with standard medical treatment (SMT) vs. SMT alone in Chinese patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.MethodsWe conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using the results from a meta-analysis comparing EVT and SMT efficacy in Chinese patients with BAO-induced stroke using direct medical costs from the China National Stroke Registry. The meta-analysis’s primary outcome was excellent functional outcome (mRS scores of 0–2), with secondary outcomes being poor functional outcome (mRS scores of 3–5) and death (mRS score of 6). To compare EVT plus SMT’s cost-effectiveness with that of SMT alone, we constructed a combined decision tree and Markov model with a lifetime duration and a 3-month cycle length. The primary cost-effectiveness outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), representing the incremental cost per incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY). EVT was considered cost-effective if the ICER was lower than the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of three times the per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2021 in China; otherwise, it would not be cost-effective.ResultsThe meta-analysis results indicated that EVT could increase the incidence of excellent functional outcomes, with a risk ratio (RR) of 2.23 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.18–4.21), p = 0.01. Simultaneously, EVT reduced the risk of poor functional outcome and mortality in the EVT group, with RRs of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.67–1.03), p = 0.09, and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59–0.85), p = 0.0002, respectively. The study also found that EVT plus SMT resulted in a lifetime effectiveness of 2.15 QALY (3.88 life years) for 32,213 international dollars (Intl.$) per patient with BAO. In contrast, SMT alone achieved an effectiveness of 1.46 QALY (3.03 life years) with a total cost of Intl.$ 13,592 per patient. The ICER was Intl.$ 27,265 per QALY (Intl.$ 22,098 per life-year), which fell below the WTP threshold.ConclusionCompared to SMT, EVT improves the prognosis of BAO-induced stroke. Considering the Chinese healthcare system, adding EVT to SMT proves to be cost-effective for patients with BAO compared to SMT alone.
Case Report: Treatment of the rare B-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma with scalp lesion using rotation flap
Authors: Kim Timothy , Jung Geena , Buckner-Wolfson Emery , Fatemi Ryan , Liriano Genesis , Tal Adit , Wang Yanhua , Tepper Oren , Kobets Andrew 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionLeukemia is the most frequently occurring cancer in children, and lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) is a rare subtype. LBL are lymphoid neoplasms of B or T cell origin and are primarily treated with chemotherapy. Although cure rates among children are excellent, these patients must be monitored for relapse. Cutaneous lesions involving B-cell LBL (B-LBL) are extremely rare and here we present a patient with a worsening B-LBL scalp mass who required radical surgical excision.Case reportA 6-year-old female patient with a history of a nontender scalp mass discovered at approximately 2-3 years of age was evaluated for resection of the nodule due to its size and treatment history. The patient was originally diagnosed with follicular lymphoma by punch biopsy; excision was successfully performed on this 4 cm lesion and upon examination of the skin biopsy did we get a diagnosis of B-LBL. Reconstruction of the scalp was done through the rotation flap method. The patient’s scalp healed well, and adjuvant chemotherapy was continued. There has been no reoccurrence.DiscussionHere we report the rarity of B-LBL cases involving extranodal involvement in the scalp. The most common reconstruction of scalp lesions has been using free flap from the anterolateral thigh (ALT) and latissimus dorsi (LD). Our case used the rotation flap, which has its functional and cosmetic benefits. The importance of monitoring this patient is emphasized due to the dangerous consequences of B-LBL relapse. Ultimately, our successful treatment and care of this rare case can be used as guidance for similar patients in the future.
Risk profiles of the preterm behavioral phenotype in children aged 3 to 18 years
Authors: Fitzallen Grace C. , Griffin Alison , Taylor H. Gerry , Kirby James N. , Liley Helen G. , Bora Samudragupta 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveCharacterize the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype in children born preterm by identifying distinct profiles based on patterns of symptomatology or severity of the risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety, and determine their associations with child sex, gestational age, and chronological age.MethodsSample comprised 2,406 children born preterm aged 3–18 years with primary caregiver behavioral ratings on the standardized Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Scale, Social Responsiveness Scale, and Preschool Anxiety Scale or Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders.ResultsStatistical fit indices of latent profile analysis supported a 3-profile model as optimal. Using this model, 75% of children born preterm were identified as having low expression, 20% moderate expression, and 5% high expression profiles of the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype described as co-occurring symptomatology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and anxiety. Male children were more likely than females to be categorized in the moderate expression [Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.05–1.59], and high expression profiles (RRR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.17–2.66). Children born extremely preterm were more likely than those born moderate/late preterm to be categorized in the moderate expression (RRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.30–2.19) and high expression profiles (RRR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.31–3.25). Finally, those in the school-age (RRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.32–2.14; RRR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.21–3.13), early adolescence (RRR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.38–2.48; RRR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.53–4.44) and late adolescence (RRR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.38–3.19; RRR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.02–5.08) periods were more likely than those in the preschool period to be categorized in the moderate and high expression profiles, respectively.ConclusionA quarter of children born preterm were at elevated risk for manifesting symptomatology across all three domains of the Preterm Behavioral Phenotype. Findings emphasize accounting for symptom co-occurrence of this phenotype in neurodevelopmental follow-up and psychosocial interventions to optimize child outcomes.
Diagnostic value of α1-MG and URBP in early diabetic renal impairment
Authors: Zhou Yukun , Zhang Yiding , Chen Jiaojiao , Wang Ting , Li Huangmin , Wu Feng , Shang Jin , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: October 2023

Aims/Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is defined as diabetes with impaired renal function, elevated urinary albumin excretion, or both. DKD is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and plays an important role in the cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). About 5% of people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) already have kidney damage at the time they are diagnosed, but other triggers of renal insufficiency, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, glomerular atherosclerosis are often present, making it difficult to define “diabetic kidney disease” or “diabetic nephropathy” precisely in epidemiology or clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify diabetic patients with CKD at an early stage, and evaluate the value of tubular injury markers including α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and Urinary retinol binding protein (URBP) in the development of diabetes to DKD.Materials and methods: We recruited a total of 182 hospitalized patients with T2DM in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February 2018 to April 2023. We collected basic clinical characteristics and laboratory biochemical parameters of the patients. Based on their levels of urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), patients were divided into DM group (UACR≤30 mg/g and eGFR≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 63) and DKD group (UACR&gt;30 mg/g or eGFR&lt;90 mL/min/1.73 m2, n = 119) excluding other causes of chronic kidney disease. We further developed diagnostic models to improve the ability to predict the risk of developing DKD by screening potential risk factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Calibration plots and curve analysis were used to validate the model and clinical usefulness. Next, we screened patients with relatively normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2) to investigate whether tubular injury markers could accurately predict the risk of DKD in patients with normal renal function. We defined the rate of GFR decline as a prognostic indicator of renal function in patients and collected the information of the re-hospitalized DKD patients to determine whether the relevant indicators had an impact on the renal prognosis.Results: The patients with DKD had higher levels of tubular injury markers than patients with DM. URBP, α1-MG, eGFR were statistically different in both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and displayed great predictive power after modeling with an area under curve of 0.987. The calibration curve showed medium agreement. Decision curve showed it would add more net benefits for clinical decision. After adjusting eGFR and serum creatinine (Scr), URBP was demonstrated to be associated with early renal function impairment.Conclusion: Tubular injury markers play an important role in early diabetic renal function impairment.
Residual effects of composted sewage sludge on nitrogen cycling and plant metabolism in a no-till common bean-palisade grass-soybean rotation
Authors: Silva Mariana Bocchi da , Camargos Liliane Santos de , Teixeira Filho Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto , Souza Lucas Anjos , Coscione Aline Renée , Lavres José , Abreu-Junior Cassio Hamilton , He Zhenli , Zhao Fengliang , Jani Arun Dilipkumar , Capra Gian Franco , Nogueira Thiago Assis Rodrigues 
Published: October 2023

Introduction and aimsIn the context of increasing population and decreasing soil fertility, food security is one of humanity’s greatest challenges. Large amounts of waste, such as sewage sludge, are produced annually, with their final disposal causing environmental pollution and hazards to human health. Sludge has high amounts of nitrogen (N), and, when safely recycled by applying it into the soil as composted sewage sludge (CSS), its residual effect may provide gradual N release to crops. A field study was conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado. The aims were to investigate the residual effect of successive applications of CSS as a source of N in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Estilo)-palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha (A.Rich.) R.D. Webster)-soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation under no-tillage. Additionally, N cycling was monitored through changes in N metabolism; the efficiency of biological N2 fixation (BNF) and its implications for plant nutrition, development, and productivity, was also assessed.MethodsThe experiment consisted of a randomized complete block design comparing four CSS rates (10, 15, 20, and 25 Mg ha-1, wet basis) to a control treatment (without adding mineral or organic fertilizer) over two crop years. Multiple plant and soil analyses (plant development and crop yield, Falker chlorophyll index (FCI), enzymatic, biochemical, 15N natural abundance, was evaluated, root and shoot N accumulation, etc.) were evaluated.Results and discussionResults showed that CSS: i) maintained adequate N levels for all crops, increasing their productivity; ii) promoted efficient BNF, due to the stability of ureide metabolism in plants and increased protein content; iii) increased the nitrate content and the nitrate reductase activity in soybean; iv) affected urease activity and ammonium content due to changes in the plant’s urea metabolism; v) increased N accumulation in the aerial part of palisade grass. Composted sewage sludge can be used as an alternative source to meet crops’ N requirements, promoting productivity gains and N cycling through forage and improving N metabolism.
Validation study of the apathy motivation index in French adults
Authors: Corveleyn Xavier , Corbel Camille , Fabre Roxane , Zeghari Radia , Dujardin Kathy , Robert Philippe , Manera Valeria 
Published: October 2023

ObjectiveApathy is present in many brain disorders, but it is also prevalent to varying degrees in healthy people. While many tools have been developed to assess levels of apathy in pathology, no standardized measure of apathy in healthy people exists.MethodTherefore, this study aimed to validate the French version of the Apathy Motivation Index (f-AMI). The results of 729 participants were analyzed using an exploratory factorial analysis.ResultsPreliminary analyses suggested that the three domains of apathy extracted in the original AMI scale—behavioral activation (BA), social motivation (SM), and emotional sensitivity (ES)—could be found also in the f-AMI. A further exploratory analysis showed that a higher number of factors could be extracted, particularly for women. Specifically, both social and emotional factors could be divided into two sub-factors: (1) social motivation toward strangers or toward an acquaintance and (2) self-directed emotional sensitivity directed toward others. Regarding construct validity, the scores of f-AMI were correlated with the French Dimensional Apathy Scale results. Concerning the divergent validity, emotional sensitivity in apathy is different from depression, anhedonia, and fatigue levels.ConclusionThese results suggest that the f-AMI can be used to assess levels of apathy in healthy adults.
The role of personality traits in mediating the relation between fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety
Authors: Macovei Crenguța Mihaela , Bumbuc Ștefania , Martinescu-Bădălan Fabiana 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionSocial interaction anxiety and fear of negative evaluation have many maladaptive outcomes and, in order to counteract their effects, it is essential to identify those psychological or social factors that make people vulnerable to them. One of these factors is the individual’s personality structure: some personality traits increase the individuals’ vulnerability to symptoms of social anxiety, while others protect them.MethodsThe aim of this paper is to analyse the role of HEXACO personality traits in mediating the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety, in a sample of 352 cadets from the Land Forces Academy of Sibiu. The relationships between these concepts were analysed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in several hypothetical models, two of which were ultimately validated.ResultsIn the first model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism, separately. Furthermore, extraversion, conscientiousness, and altruism play a serial mediating role in the association between the fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety. In the second model, the fear of negative evaluation has an indirect effect on social interaction anxiety through the mediation of social boldness, liveliness, and organization, separately, but not through altruism. Social boldness, liveliness, and organization played a serial mediating role in the relationship between the two constructs, while altruism moderated the relationship between liveliness, organization, and social interaction anxiety.DiscussionAnalysing the relationship between the individuals’ personality traits, social anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation facilitated the identification of ways to cultivate desirable behaviours in social environments typified by compliance, discipline, uniformity, and rigor.
Cognitive trajectories: exploring the predictive role of subjective cognitive decline and awareness of age-related changes for cognitive functioning
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Cosentino Stephanie , Chapman Silvia , Ballard Clive , Brooker Helen , Corbett Anne , Stephan Blossom C. M. 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundWe investigated whether aspects of subjective cognitive aging, including awareness of age-related gains and losses in cognition (AARC-gains, AARC-losses) and subjective cognitive decline (SCD), predict change in objective cognitive function as measured by verbal reasoning (VR) and working memory (WM).MethodsWe used longitudinal data for 3,299 cognitively healthy UK residents aged 65+. We used data on AARC and SCD assessed in 2019, and cognitive tasks assessed in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We used latent growth curve modeling, latent class growth analysis, and growth mixture modeling.ResultsFor VR, multiple growth trajectories were not evident. Mean VR at baseline was 37.45; this remained stable over time. Higher AARC-gains in cognition (mean intercept = −0.23; 95%CI: −0.31; −0.16), higher AARC-losses in cognition (mean intercept = −0.37; 95%CI: −0.46; −0.28), and lower SCD (mean intercept = 2.92; 95%CI: 2.58; 3.58) were associated with poorer VR at baseline. A three-class growth mixture model–class varying best represented trajectories of WM. In Class 1 (N = 182) mean WM at baseline was 31.20; this decreased by 2.48 points each year. In Class 2 (N = 119) mean WM at baseline was 23.12; this increased by 3.28 points each year. In Class 3 (N = 2,998) mean WM at baseline was 30.11; and it remained stable. Higher AARC-gains (Odds Ratio = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.03; 1.14) and AARC-losses (Odds Ratio = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.04; 1.16) in cognition predicted greater likelihood of being in Class 2 than Class 3.ConclusionAlthough both higher AARC-gains and AARC-losses indicate poorer concurrent cognition, higher AARC-gains may be a resource that facilitates future cognitive improvement.
Nutrition, stress, and healthcare use during pregnancy are associated with low birth weight: evidence from a case–control study in West Ethiopia
Authors: Feyisa Bikila Regassa , Mulatu Yosef , Fentahun Firehiwot , Biru Bayise , Atlantis Evan 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundLow Birth Weight (LBW) remains a major public health concern globally, especially in lower and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular there is limited evidence regarding maternal factors associated with low birth weight. This study aimed to identify the maternal factors associated with low birth weight among neonates born in public health facilities in the west Wollega zone, West Ethiopia.MethodsWe used a case–control study design and selected participant mothers with a newborn using the delivery database from three public hospitals and five health centers, between March 2022 and April 2022. Cases were identified using a newborn birth weight of &lt;2,500 grams. Controls were identified using a newborn birth weight of ≥2,500 grams. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and chart review were used for data collection. Model fitness was assessed by Hosmer and Lemenshow goodness-of-fit test, including multi-collinearity checks. Candidate predictor variables were selected (using a value of p &lt;0.25 in bivariable logistic regression models) for multivariable logistic regression to quantify the association between independent variables and LBW, expressed using Odds Ratios (OR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Mean and Standard Deviation (SD), all such values.ResultsA total of 324 mothers with their newborns (81 cases and 243 controls) were eligible for inclusion. The mean age of participants was 27.9 years (SD 6.4) in cases and 25 years (SD 3.9) in controls. Mean birth weight was 2,128 grams (SD 1,697) in cases and 2,988 grams (SD 378) in controls. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, lack of nutritional counseling (OR = 2.4; 95%CI: 1.24–4.72), maternal middle upper arm circumference of &lt;23 cm (OR = 3.1; 95%CI: 1.64–5.91), maternal stress during pregnancy (OR = 2.8; 95% CI:1.23–6.36), and antenatal follow up less than four visits (OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.12–6.82) were independently associated with LBW.ConclusionIn this study, lack of nutritional counseling, maternal undernutrition, maternal stress during pregnancy, and antenatal follow-up visits less than recommended were associated with LBW. Special attention should be given to promoting antenatal care and counseling mothers on nutrition and relaxation to prevent stress during pregnancy.