bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolar and alveolar lesions in the pathogenesis of crocidolite‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Bowden D. H. , Adamson I. Y. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAsbestosis is generally considered to result in restrictive pulmonary disease associated with interstitial fibrosis. Recently, however, attention has focused upon bronchiolar lesions and concomitant obstruction to air flow. The responses of conducting airways and alveoli were studied over a 20 week period following instillation of crocidolite to mice. The location of the lesions and the sequential inflammatory changes were studied by bronchoalveolar lavage, light and electron miscroscopy; regenerative activity was monitored by autoradiographs. Within 48 h there was multifocal necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium, maximal at bifurcations where longer fibres tend to adhere. Subsequently, intralumenal exudates were overgrown by epithelium and incorporated into the bronchiolar connective tissue where active peribronchiolar granulomas persisted until 20 weeks. Alveolar lesions were located predominantly in peribronchiolar air sacs and at the junctions of bronchioles and alveolar ducts. Focal acute injury of type 1 cells and transepithelial passage facilitated transport of short asbestos fibres to the interstitium where they were phagocytozed by macrophages. Regenerative activity was prompt with active division of type 2 epithelial cells. Biochemically, collagen increased after 4 weeks, when fibrosis was predominantly located in the bronchiolar lumens and in peribronchiolar connective tissue with lesser amounts in the centrilobular alveolar interstitium. The results suggest that the longer fibres induce bronchiolar injury and a more severe fibrotic pattern similar to the recently described changes seen in human asbestosis.
Epithelial membrane antigen in normal and proteinuric glomeruli and in damaged proximal tubules
Authors: Howie A. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEpithelial membrane antigen was detected in normal glomeruli by a polyclonal antiserum to the antigen and by the monoclonal antibodies Ca 1, DAKO‐EMA and HMFG 2, but not HMFG 1, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The antigen was in the form of a thin ring or collar at the junction of glomerulus and tubule. In a series of 47 renal biopsies from patients with proteinuria, the antigen could still be seen in glomeruli, provided that there were adequate numbers of glomeruli in the sections. The main object of study was the glomerular tip lesion, in which tip adhesions were seen to be just adjacent to the patch of epithelial membrane antigen. This suggested that the antigen may be important in pathogenesis of the lesion. Normal proximal tubules did not express epithelial membrane antigen but it was detected on the luminal border of acutely damaged proximal tubules. Thus the distribution of epithelial membrane antigen in the kidney is more complex than was previously thought.
Capillary ATPase inactivation in early myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Yarom Rena , Ungar Henry 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe Wachstcin‐Mcisel ATPase reaction can be used in formalin‐fixed, postmortem material to demonstrate the microvasculaturc in ihe human myocardium. In case of sudden or rapid cardiac dcath, the disappearance of enzymatic activity in capillary walls was observed earlier than older light‐microscopic signs of damage. This was cspecially marked in the subendocardial regions. The staining of capillaries was found to be positive again in the varying stages of organization. Fibrotic scars were devoid of staining. The findings besides being of practical value in the diagnosis of early myocardial necrosis, support the theory that loss of capillary mctabolic and functional integrity occurs early in ischaemia; it promotes the ‘no rcflow’ phenomenon and may contribute towards myofibre necrosis.
Neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenomas
Authors: Van den Ingh Harry F. , Van den Broek Lambert J. , Verhofstad Albert A. J. , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA consecutive series of 218 endoscopically resected colorectal adenomas was investigated for the occurrence of neuroendocrine cells. In 59 per cent of these adenomas argyrophil cells were detected In 8 per cent of the adenomas these cells were numerous and so intricately blended in with the other cell types that they were regarded as an intrinsic part of the tumour. In these adenomas subsequently immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of the neurohormonal peptides glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin as well as serotonin, in a pattern similar to that seen in normal colorectal mucosa. The presence of neuroendocrine cells did not correlate with any clinical or pathological parameter. The occurrence of neuroendocrine cells in colorectal adenomas is in agreement with the unitarian theory of the development of the various epithelial cell types in large bowel mucosa.
Injection of free radical generators causes premature onset of tissue damage in malaria‐infected mice
Authors: Clark I. A. , Mackie E. J. , Cowden W. B. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLymphoid and liver damage docs not usunlly occur in Plasmodium vinekei ‐infected mice until parasitaemias reach 70–80 per cent and the mice arc showing signs of illness. We rcport here that these chinges cann be induced in mice of healthy appearance and lower parasitaemia by injccting divicine or tertiary‐butyl hydroperoxide, two generators of free oxygen radicals. The same or larrger doses of these radical generators did nol induce this tissue damage in normal mice. Phagocytic leukocytes are activated in P. vinckie‐infected mice, and secretion by these cells of toxic oxyen metabolites has ben suggested to be part of this process. Additive effects of these free redicals and those generated from diviene and t‐butyl hydroperoxide could account for the increased susceptibility of parasitized mice to tissue damage by these agents.
Splenic arteriolar hyalin in children
Authors: Lindley Roger P. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSections from 447 children's spleens were examined for arteriolar hyalin. Hyalin is not found in the first year of life, but by the fifth year of life 60 percent of cases show it. The positive cases include a wide variety of pathological conditions. The development of arteriolar hyalin in the spleen is age dependent, occurs early in life, and is not a pointer to any particular pathological condition.
Genomic rearrangements of the c‐myc proto‐oncogene in human malignant lymphomas
Authors: Jack A. S. , Gardner Susan J. , Mills K. I. , Goyns M. H. , Lee F. D. , Birnie G. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSouthern blot analysis of EcoRI‐digested DNAs was used to study the genomic configuration of the human proto‐oncogene c‐myc in tissue samples from a series of 28 human malignant T‐cell and B‐cell lymphomas. Rearrangements of c‐myc were found in 12 (43 per cent) of the cases. In all but one of these the intensities of the hybridization signals from the aberrant c‐myc‐homologous fragments were much less than that from the 13 Kbp germ‐line fragment, suggesting that only a subpopulation of the cells in the tumour carried rearranged myc gene sequences. No relationship was found between the rearrangement of c‐myc and cell lineage or differentiation stage, though non‐germ‐line c‐myc‐homologous DNA fragments were more commonly found in tumours classed as high‐grade according to National Cancer Institute criteria.
The ‘grey area’ between small cell and non‐small cell lung carcinomas. Light and electron microscopy versus clinical data in 14 cases
Authors: Mooi Wolter J. , Van Zandwijk Nico , Dingemans Koert P. , Koolen M. G. J. , Wagenvoort C. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied 14 lung tumours which on light microscopy had posed difficulties on classification as either small cell or non‐small cell carcinomas. The light and electron microscopical features were compared with patient follow‐up data. Electron microscopy showed neuroendocrine granules in 12 cases, and adeno‐and squamous cell differentiation but no neuroendocrine granules in the remaining two cases. The latter two cases showed prolonged patient survival (both patients alive after 21/2 and 2 years, respectively). Ten of the cases with neuroendocrine granules showed a rapid course of disease (death between 2½ weeks and 15 months after diagnosis) and marked initial response to multiagent chemotherapy. Thus, the clinical impression of these cases was that of small cell carcinoma. The remaining two cases with neuroendocrine granules showed a more protracted course, with death after 1½ and 2½ years. These two tumours did not show the light microscopical features of atypical carcinoid. The results illustrate the value of electron microscopy in predicting clinical behaviour of carcinomas difficult to place into small cell or non‐small cell carcinoma groups. They also point to the existence of neuroendocrine carcinomas other than carcinoids with a more protracted course than small cell carcinomas.
Normal adaptation of pulmonary arterial intima to extrauterine life in the pig: Ultrastructural studies
Authors: Hall Susan M. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAdaptation of the pulmonary arterial intima was studied in injected lung specimens of 34 Large White pigs. Each type of pre‐ and intra‐acinar artery was studied separately using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Determination of the endothelial surface/volume ratio and volume densities of (1) endothelium and subendothelium. (2) endothelial cytoplasmic organelles and (3) subendothelial connective tissue elements yielded 6832 measurements which comprised a computerized database. At birth, endothelial cell morphology changed more rapidly and to a greater extent in peripheral than in proximal arteries. Endothelial surface/volume ratio increased (p < 0.0001). Fetal surface projections, junctional interdigitations and overlap became less evident. Adaptational changes were complete in three weeks. Between three weeks and adulthood a reduction in endothelial surface/volume ratio suggested cell growth. In the subendothelium the volume density of collagen and basement membrane and elastin increased (p<0.001). The internal elastic lamina, immature in all arteries at birth increased in thickness and integrity until in the adult, only in small muscular arteries did gaps between elastin profiles ensure frequent contact between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. At all ages regional differences in endothelial cell morphology were evident.
The occurrence and clinicopathological significance of serotonin immunoreactive cells in large bowel carcinoma
Authors: Arends Jan W. , Wiggers Theodore , Verstijnen Kees , Bosman Fred T. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractWe studied the incidence, clinicopathological relevance and prognostic significance of serotonin immunoreactive cells in a clinically well‐documented series of 300 large bowel cancer patients. Serotonin immunoreactive cells were detected in 8 per cent of the carcinomas, occurring either as focal clusters (4.7 per cent) or as occasional single cells (3.3 per cent). Both types frequently displayed presence of mucin and/or immunoreactivity for secretory component as well. In respect of localization, stage of tumour extension and histological grade tumours with serotonin immunoreactivity showed no significant differences in comparison with carcinomas lacking this feature. In terms of survival, however, the tumours with serotonin immunoreactivity demonstrated a more aggressive clinical course in comparison with tumours without these cells. This phenomenon reached borderline statistical significance. It is therefore concluded that the study of serotonin immunoreactivity in large bowel carcinomas enables the identification of a subpopulation of colorectal carcinomas with a relatively poor prognosis.
Identification of histiocytic reticulum cells by the immunohistochemical demonstration of factor XIII (F‐XIIIa) in human lymph nodes
Authors: Nemes Zoltán , Thomázy Vilmos , Ádány Róza , Muszbek László 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMorphologically and enzyme histochemically distinguishable tissue macrophages and stromal cells of human reactive lymph nodes were characterized by the cytoplasmic presence of the subunit A of factor XIII and by the expression of surface antigenic determinants reacting with monoclonal antibodies directed against monocyte/macrophage populations (Mo 1, Leu M3) and HLA‐DR antigens. The distribution of F‐XIIIa positive cells was studied on formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections with immunoperoxidase techniques. The immunophenotype was established on cryostat sections with double immunofluorescence. α‐Naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) reaction was carried out on these cryostat sections to identify tissue macrophages. The antibody against F‐XIIIa detected histiocytes in both intra‐and extra‐sinusoidal locations which were ANAE +, Mo 1 +, Leu M3 + and HLA‐DR–. F‐XIIIa was also present in fibroblast‐like mesenchymal cells with the following phenotypic characteristics: ANAE–, Mo 1 +, Leu M3+ and HLA‐DR+. The anti F‐XIIIa antibody did not stain lymphoid cells, granulocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The immunohistochemical detection of F‐XIIIa works on formaldehyde‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections. The most promising application seems to be the identification of histiocytes in lymphoid and histiocytic proliferations.
Determination of steroid hormone‐dependency of tumours utilizing tissue sections. Survey of histochemical techniques and their application in surgical pathology
Authors: De Goeij Ton F. P. M. , Bosman Fred T. , Berns Els M. J. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe growth of neoplasms originating from steroid hormone target tissues may be hormone‐dependent. It has been clearly demonstrated that the oestrogen and/or progestagen receptor status predicts the response to endocrine treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer. However steroid receptor determination in tumour cytosols has several limitations, which can partly be resolved by (immuno) histochemical detection of steroid hormone‐responsive tumour cells. A variety of histochemical techniques including autoradiography of tritiated steroids, immunohistochemistry with antibodies to steroid hormones, histochemistry with fluorescent ligands of low molecular weight and fluorochrome‐ or enzyme‐labelled macromolecular probes are discussed. It is concluded that there is as yet no substantial evidence that these methods visualize steroid receptors or detect steroid hormone‐responsiveness of tumour cells. On the other hand, immunohistochemical demonstration of oestrogen receptors with monospecific antibodies seems validated and indications have been obtained that this information is clinically relevant. Recent developments suggest that immunocytochemistry of receptors and specific hormone‐induced proteins, flow cytometric analysis and probably hybridocytochemistry in the future will help to improve management of steroid hormone‐dependent tumours.
Conduction tissue in the transplanted human heart
Authors: Stovin P. G. I. , Hewit S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractEleven orthotopically transplanted human hearts have been examined at retransplantation or necropsy. They were selected to cover the period up to 3 years after transplantation. The recipient SA node was examined in six, the donor SA node in eight and the AV conduction tissue in all eleven. Each of these areas has been examined by serial sectioning. All the conduction tissue is discretely involved in rejection and this involvement is no more severe than in the adjacent myocardium. In the AV tissue there is a tendency for the peripheral parts to be more frequently involved than the proximal. There is little evidence of permanent structural damage to the AV tissues by recurrent episodes of mild to moderate rejection. In the atrial nodes there is about a 50 per cent chance of surgical or procurement damage to both the recipient and the the donor tissue.
Associated expression of HLA class I and class II antigens on melanoma cells in surgically removed metastases
Authors: Van Duinen S. G. , Ruiter D. I. , Ferrone S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractMalignant transformation of melanocytes and further neoplastic progression may be associated with qualitative and/or quantitative changes in expression of HLA class I and class II antigens. Since previous immunohistochemical studies of surgically removed melanoma lesions have suggested a relationship in the expression of HLA class I and class II antigens, we have investigated the expression of these antigens at the single cell level. Double immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections of melanoma metastases and immunoelectron microscopic double labelling of melanoma cell suspensions prepared from three of these lesions has detected three HLA phenotypes on the large majority of melanoma cells: either both HLA class I and class II antigens, neither HLA antigen or only HLA class I antigens. In four out of the 11 lesions a few melanoma cells were found to express HLA class II antigens and to lack HLA class I antigens. A relationship was also found in the level of expression of HLA class I and class II antigens, as estimated by the intensity of staining with monoclonal antibodies. The level of expression of HLA class II antigens appeared to be similar to or lower than that of HLA class I antigens on the large majority of melanoma cells. This coordinated heterogeneity in the expression of HLA class I and class II antigens by melanoma cells may have implications in the interactions of tumour cells with the host's immune system.
Class II major histocompatibility complex and organ specific autoimmunity in man
Authors: Foulis A. K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractT helper lymphocytes only recognize the antigen to which they are directed if it is ‘presented’ to them by a cell expressing the same class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen as themselves. Since the target cells of most organ specific autoimmune diseases do not normally express class II MHC proteins on their surface, any cell specific surface antigens they possess may never have been presented, and therefore immunological tolerance to them may not exist. The target cells in several organ specific autoimmune diseases have been shown to express class II MHC aberrantly and this expression may have allowed presentation of such cell specific surface antigens to potentially autoreactive T helper lymphocytes. It has therefore been proposed that aberrant expression of class II MHC antigens may be an initiating factor in certain autoimmune diseases.
DNA flow cytometry of histological material from dysplastic lesions of human gastric mucosa
Authors: Macartney James C. , Camplejohn Richard S. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractDNA flow cytometry has been carried out on histologically processed human gastric tissue showing varying grades of gastric dysplasia, intramucosal carcinoma and regenerative changes. No cases of DNA aneuploidy were encountered in cases showing regenerative changes or mild or moderate dysplasia. DNA aneuploidy was found in 5/7 cases of severe dysplasia and 3/11 cases of intramucosal cancer. Irregularities of the G0/G1 peak were encountered in a further 18 samples including normal and regenerative gastric mucosa. However these were not thought to indicate DNA aneuploidy. The interpretation of these abnormalities and the affect on the frequency with which DNA aneuploidy is reported in pathological lesions is discussed.
Immunocytochemical demonstration and significance of p21 ras family oncogene product in benign and malignant breast disease
Authors: Candlish W. , Kerr I. B. , Simpson H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been suggested that the immunocytochemical demonstration of the p21 ras oncogene product is a useful marker of malignancy in breast disease1. We have studied the reactivity of a series of specimens of benign and malignant breast disease with the anti ras p21 monoclonal antibody Y13‐259, and shown widespread positive staining in both benign and malignant (including metastatic) disease as well as in adjacent ‘normal’ epithelium. In addition some staining of stromal cells as well as nerve fibres was observed. Our results suggest that the presence of ras p21 protein as demonstrated by this antibody is not a useful marker of malignancy or of proliferating epithelium but is rather a normal feature of certain cell types.
Nuclear DNA content in breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Nesland Jahn M. , Pettersen Erik O. , Fosså Sophie D. , Høsie Johan , Johannessen Jan Vincents 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSixty‐one breast carcinomas (54 infiltrating ductal carcinomas and seven infiltrating lobular carcinomas) were immunostained with anti‐NSE and analysed with respect to nuclear DNA content. Nine of the 23 NSE‐positive breast carcinomas were diploid, five were triploid, six tetraploid and three pentaploid. Twenty‐one of the 38 NSE‐negative tumours were diploid, 10 were triploid, seven tetraploid, and none were pentaploid. Three of the eight histologically grade 1 tumours in the NSE‐positive group were aneuploid, whereas all the six grade I tumours in the NSE‐negative group were diploid. The results show that a proportion of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation are aneuploid and that aneuploid tumours that are grade I histologically are found in the NSE‐positive group and not in the NSE‐negative group.
Effects of injury and repair of the pulmonary endothelium on lung metastasis after bleomycin
Authors: Adamson Ian Y. R. , Young Linda , Orr F. William 
Published: June 2005

AbstractAcute endothelial injury induced by bleomycin has been shown to enhance the localization and metastasis of circulating tumour cells. In the present study we wished to determine whether increased metastases to the lung is related to the degree of endothelial damage as indicated by morphology and protein leakage to alveoli and whether the progression to repair with pulmonary fibrosis also effects metastatic tumour growth. C57b1/6 mice were injected with a single intravenous dose of bleomycin (120 mg/kg). After 5 days, severe enothelial injury was demonstrated by morphology and by increased levels of protein in lung lavage fluid. When [131I]‐iododeoxyuridine labeled syngeneic fibrosarcoma cells were injected intravenously at this time, a 9‐fold increase in their localization was detected 24 h later in bleomycin‐treated lungs compared with saline controls. By electron microscopy tumour cells were observed at sites of denuded vascular basement membrane. There was also a significant increase in the number of gross metastases which developed subsequently and in the percentage of lung occupied by tumour in the bleomycin group. Animals examined 10 days after bleomycin showed less endothelial damage and a smaller increase in tumour cell localization and metastases. At 21 days, when endothelial structure and alveolar protein levels had returned to normal, and at 6 weeks, when there was focal fibrosis, no increase in tumour cell localization or metastases was found. It is concluded that damage to the pulmonary endothelium is a key factor in enhancing the trapping of circulating tumour cells and increasing metastatic tumour growth after bleomycin.
Lesions of the renal papilla induced by paracetamol
Authors: Henry M. A. , Tange J. D. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe acute nephrotoxic effects of paracetamol in the uninephrectomized homozygous Gunn rat are different from those of aspirin. Both compounds induce renal papillary necrosis but paracetamol produces accumulation of non‐cellular material in the interstitial space, less damage to interstitial cells, more damage to tubular epithelium, and more severe necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules. In both cortex and papilla only a small fraction of the cells at risk are affected. It is concluded that the findings are consistent with a synergistic nephrotoxic effect between the two compounds, but that the lesions are not sufficiently severe for the natural history of analgesic nephropathy to be wholly explicable by such synergism.