bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An exploratory study into cell approaches for intelligence collection from detainees within an English Police Custody Suite
Authors: Stanier Ian , Nunan Jordan , May Brandon 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The value of intelligence gathered from cell approaches in police custody suites remains largely unexplored, presenting a crucial area for research. This study explores the collection of Human Intelligence (HUMINT) and the generation of Source (Covert Human Intelligence Source, CHIS) referrals during cell approaches. Data was collected from 102 cell approaches by which 54 were undertaken by dedicated intelligence officers and 48 by detectives in a police custody suite in England over a 3-month period. Results revealed that detectives, when tasked, were significantly more successful than dedicated intelligence officers in securing intelligence during cell approaches and to make source (CHIS) referrals. A detainee’s willingness to engage was associated with intelligence provision, with revenge and lifestyle as key motivating factors. Detainees were significantly more likely to provide intelligence post-charge rather than pre-charge, though the time of day and detainee age showed no significant correlations with intelligence gathering. This study discussed the importance of optimizing intelligence collection and source referrals during cell approaches.
Leveraging multisource feedback to address diversity, equity, and inclusivity
Authors: Lui Justin K , Duke Jennifer D , Russo Joseph V , Kelm Diana J , Hinkle Laura J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Multisource feedback has long been a recommended tool to assess clinical competencies within graduate medical education. Additionally, incorporating feedback supplied by patients and other members of the healthcare team can provide the framework to bridge perspectives and viewpoints that may be different from their own. This, in effect, can aid in fortifying values in diversity, equity, and inclusivity by developing more knowledgeable, empathetic, and respectful future healthcare providers.
Equivalence of lattice operators and graph matrices
Authors: Yumoto Jun , Misumi Tatsuhiro 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We explore the relationship between lattice field theory and graph theory, placing special emphasis on the interplay between Dirac and scalar lattice operators and matrices within the realm of spectral graph theory. Beyond delving into fundamental concepts of spectral graph theory, such as adjacency and Laplacian matrices, we introduce a novel matrix called an “antisymmetrized adjacency matrix”, specifically tailored for cycle digraphs (T1 lattice) and simple directed paths (B1 lattice). The nontrivial relationship between graph theory matrices and lattice operators shows that the graph Laplacian matrix mirrors the lattice scalar operator and the Wilson term in lattice fermions, while the antisymmetrized adjacency matrix, along with its extensions to higher dimensions, is equivalent to naive lattice Dirac operators. Building upon these connections, we provide rigorous proofs for two key assertions: (i) The count of zero-modes in a free lattice scalar operator coincides with the zeroth Betti number of the underlying graph (lattice). (ii) The maximum count of Dirac zero-modes in a free lattice fermion operator is equivalent to the cumulative sum of all Betti numbers when the D-dimensional graph results from a Cartesian product of cycle digraphs (T1 lattice) and simple directed paths (B1 lattice).
Halving the European farm uses of pesticides: Looking for alternative technologies
Authors: Gohin Alexandre 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
With the Green Deal roadmap, the European Union aims to half the uses and risks of pesticides by the end of this decade. The European Commission (EC) claims that the proposal for pesticides will not disrupt European agri-food production and price. The EC argues that previous assessments of the roadmap provide an upper limit to the effects of the proposal, mostly by ignoring alternative production techniques that rely on integrated pest management principles. Our paper first explains that the general equilibrium approach applied by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) does correctly capture these alternatives, measured implicitly in econometric studies on the price inelasticity of pesticide use. Second, we show that the USDA study significantly underestimates the negative effects of the proposal in terms of agri-food production due to the input taxes rebated as output subsidies. Finally, we show that the underestimation is robust to the other arguments raised by the EC.
Advances in functional coatings on biliary stents
Authors: Yang Kaining , Sun Wenxin , Cui Lanyue , Zou Yuhong , Wen Cuie , Zeng Rongchang 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Biliary stenting is an important interventional method for the prevention and treatment of biliary tract diseases. However, complications, such as postoperative biliary infection and restenosis, frequently occur due to the extensive scope of the biliary system and the complex composition of bile. The combination of coating technology and biliary stents is expected to bring new approaches to the solution of these problems. The cutting-edge advance on functional coatings on biliary stents is reviewed from seven perspectives: anticorrosion, -bacterial, -tumor, stone-dissolving, X-ray visibility, antistent migration and functional composite coatings. The development trend is also discussed. Overall, the performance of the numerous functional coatings for various purposes is generally up to expectations, but the balance between the medications’ effectiveness and their safety needs to be further adjusted. Many contemporary investigations have advanced to the level of animal experiments, offering crucial fundamental assurance for broader human studies. The combination of biliary stents and functional coatings is an innovative idea with great potential for future development.
Development and internal validation of a clinical and genetic risk score for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Wheeler Austin M , Baker Joshua F , Riley Thomas , Yang Yangyuna , Roul Punyasha , Wysham Katherine D , Cannon Grant W , Kunkel Gary , Kerr Gail , Ascherman Dana P , Monach Paul , Reimold Andreas , Poole Jill A , Merriman Tony R , Mikuls Ted R , England Bryant R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
Although clinical and genetic risk factors have been identified for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), there are no current tools allowing for risk stratification. We sought to develop and validate an ILD risk model in a large, multicentre, prospective RA cohort.

Methods
Participants in the Veterans Affairs RA (VARA) registry were genotyped for 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ILD was validated through systematic record review. A genetic risk score (GRS) was computed from minor alleles weighted by effect size with ILD, using backward selection. The GRS was combined with clinical risk factors within a logistic regression model. Internal validation was completed using bootstrapping, and model performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).

Results
Of 2386 participants (89% male, mean age 69.5 years), 9.4% had ILD. Following backward selection, five SNPs contributed to the GRS. The GRS and clinical factors outperformed clinical factors alone in discriminating ILD (AUC 0.675 vs 0.635, P &lt; 0.001). The shrinkage-corrected performance for combined and clinical-only models was 0.667 (95% CI 0.628, 0.712) and 0.623 (95% CI 0.584, 0.651), respectively. Twenty percent of the cohort had a combined risk score below a cut-point with &gt;90% sensitivity.

Conclusion
A clinical and genetic risk model discriminated ILD in a large, multicentre RA cohort better than a clinical-only model, excluding 20% of the cohort from low-yield testing. These results demonstrate the potential utility of a GRS in RA-ILD and support further investigation into individualized risk stratification and screening.
Comparative risk of incident and recurrent acute anterior uveitis across different biological agents in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Kwon Oh Chan , Lee Hye Sun , Yang Juyeon , Park Min-Chan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the comparative risk of incident and recurrent acute anterior uveitis (AAU) across different biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) in patients with AS.

Methods
A retrospective nationwide cohort study was conducted on 34 621 patients with AS without a previous history of AAU using a national claims database. Patients were followed-up from 2010 to 2021. The comparative risk of incident and recurrent AAU across different bDMARDs was examined using multivariable time-dependent Cox models and counting process (Anderson–Gill) models, respectively.

Results
The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs for incident AAU (bDMARDs non-exposure as reference) were: adalimumab 0.674 (0.581–0.891), etanercept 1.760 (1.540–2.012), golimumab 0.771 (0.620–0.959), infliximab 0.891 (0.741–1.071) and secukinumab 1.324 (0.794–2.209). Compared with adalimumab exposure, etanercept [aHR 2.553 (2.114–3.083)], infliximab [aHR 1.303 (1.039–1.634)] and secukinumab [aHR 2.173 (1.273–3.710)] exposures showed a higher risk of incident AAU. The aHRs and 95% CIs for recurrent AAU (bDMARDs non-exposure as reference) were: adalimumab 0.798 (0.659–0.968), etanercept 1.416 (1.185–1.693), golimumab 0.874 (0.645–1.185), infliximab 0.926 (0.729–1.177) and secukinumab 1.257 (0.670–2.359). Compared with adalimumab exposure, etanercept exposure [aHR 1.793 (1.403–2.292)] was associated with a higher risk of recurrent AAU.

Conclusion
Our data suggest preference for bDMARDs in the following order: adalimumab/golimumab &gt; infliximab &gt; secukinumab &gt; etanercept (for incident AAU prevention) and adalimumab &gt; golimumab/infliximab/secukinumab &gt; etanercept (for recurrent AAU prevention).
A review of the evidence for the utility of physical activity monitor use in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Rockette-Wagner Bonny , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Few proven therapies exist for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), partly due to the lack of reliable and valid outcome measures for assessing treatment responses. The current core set measures developed by the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies group were developed to standardize assessments of disease activity and treatment effect. None of the current measures address functional improvement in muscle weakness. Therefore, supplemental measures to more objectively assess physical activity levels and fatiguability in free-living settings are needed to assess disease activity more comprehensively. Validated physical activity monitors (PAMs) have the potential to serve as an objective functional outcome measure in clinical trials and observational studies. This review examines the current evidence for the use of body-worn PAMs in clinical settings with IIM patients. A practical overview of methods for PAM use in clinical patient populations (including measurement details and data processing) that focuses on IIM patients is also presented.
Common risk factors in cross-sectional FX options returns
Authors: Zhang Xuanchen , So Raymond H Y , Driouchi Tarik 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We identify a comprehensive list of thirty-eight characteristics for predicting cross-sectional FX options returns. We find that three factors—long-term straddle momentum, implied volatility, and illiquidity—can generate economically and statistically significant risk premia not explained by other return predictors. Meanwhile, the predictability of the other characteristics becomes insignificant after accounting for the FX option three-factor model. The significance of the three factors is confirmed through a series of robustness tests covering different data sources, alternative options strategies, diversification effects, bootstrapping, and omitting crisis years.
Risk of Psychosis Among Individuals Who Have Presented to Hospital With Self-harm: A Prospective Nationwide Register Study in Sweden
Authors: Bolhuis Koen , Ghirardi Laura , Kuja-Halkola Ralf , Lång Ulla , Cederlöf Martin , Metsala Johanna , Corcoran Paul , O’Connor Karen , Dodd Philip , Larsson Henrik , Kelleher Ian 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Recent research showed that young people who presented to hospital with self-harm in Finland had a significantly elevated risk of later psychosis. We investigated the prospective relationship between hospital presentation for self-harm and risk of psychosis in an unprecedentedly large national Swedish cohort.

Study Design
We used inpatient and outpatient healthcare registers to identify all individuals born between 1981 and 1993 who were alive and living in Sweden on their 12th birthday and who presented to hospital one or more times with self-harm. We compared them with a matched cohort, followed up for up to 20 years, and compared the cumulative incidence of psychotic disorders. Furthermore, we examined whether the strength of the relationship between hospital presentation for self-harm and later psychosis changed over time by examining for cohort effects.

Study Results
In total, 28 908 (2.0%) individuals presented to hospital with self-harm without prior psychosis diagnosis during the follow-up. For individuals who presented to hospital with self-harm, the cumulative incidence of diagnosed psychosis was 20.7% at 20 years follow-up (hazard radio = 13.9, 95% CI 13.3–14.6, P-value &lt;5 × 10−308). There was no evidence of a dilution of the effect over time: while the incidence of hospital self-harm presentation increased, this did not result in an attenuation over time of the strength of the relationship between hospital self-harm presentation and subsequent psychosis.

Conclusions
Individuals who present to hospital with self-harm in their teens and 20s represent an important risk group for psychosis prediction and prevention.
The Discrimination and Anomaly in the Property Rights of Indian Women
Authors: Suswaram Aditya 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The proviso of section 10 of the Transfer of Property Act of 1882, is a regressive law restraining women of certain religions from alienating property received from an inter-vivos transaction. This paper highlights this aspect of the statute and calls for reform in the property rights of such women, as the proviso violates the Indian Constitutional guarantee of preventing gender and religion-based discrimination. Further, the proviso creates an anomaly in the property interest of women who fall within the ambit of both section 10 and the Indian Succession Act. This paper also argues that the mere deletion of the impugned proviso will not address the issue of patriarchy and secure the welfare of women. Dowry is one such example discussed in this paper, which persists despite statutes aimed at eradicating it. The reasons for the existence of section 10, as given by the English Judges of the colonial past, continue to plague Indian women even today. On the contrary, a woman’s absolute interest in property would make her susceptible to dowry abuse, consequently perpetuating the practice of dowry demands. Therefore, in addition to legal reform, this paper advocates increasing efforts in sensitizing society to bring about real change.
Better Regulation and its Evolution in the Hellenic Legislative and Parliamentary System
Authors: Fitsilis Fotios , Theodorakopoulos Georgios 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the state-of-play in law-making in Greece especially following the adoption of law 4622/2019 aiming at establishing a culture of principles and means for enhancing the quality of laws. The revised model for new legislation, as well as the approach taken for the transformation of existing laws into the new model, the so-called codification process, are presented. In this framework, the role of the Hellenic Parliament is discussed and its position vis-à-vis other regulatory authorities is highlighted. The ongoing legislative modernization activities are approached under the light of digital tools and services that are being developed to further advance law-making processes in Greece.
The 2023 SSSP Presidential Address Recycled: The Emergence and Re-emergence of Social Problems
Authors: Jackson Shirley A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This presidential address uses an autoethnographic approach to social problems to give the audience an opportunity to reflect upon the ways in which social problems exist, morph, wane, and return. Looking back over the social problems we have encountered over our lives as individuals and as social scientists, how might we work not only to identify but solve problems? Social problems are difficult to solve, since problems change with the times as well as with the social, political, and economic climate. The past is the present and the present is the past. The fact that the same problems reemerge time and time again shows they are significant enough to require not only our attention but also potential solutions. We should prepare our students to identify those problems that are most compelling and persistent, encouraging them and ourselves to apply a confluence of sociology, social work, economics, political science, urban studies, history in a search for solutions. We must move from the sidelines to participate not only in the study of society and its social problems but in finding solutions.
Racial Exclusion by Bureaucratic Omission: Non-Enumeration, Documentary Dispossession, and the Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar
Authors: Cheong Amanda R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
This article traces the bureaucratic bases of the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar. I draw on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Rohingya activists to elucidate the political struggles and competing archival logics surrounding their disenfranchisement and displacement. I explain a curious shift in the past decade in Myanmar’s approach to managing the Rohingya population, whereby longstanding strategies of legally-encoded racial exclusion gave way to moves to withhold and contract the state’s administrative reach: 1) the repudiation of the Rohingya category in the 2014 census; and 2) the dispossession of documents leading up to the 2015 elections. I develop the concept of “bureaucratic omission” to reveal an alternative mode by which the state’s symbolic power can be accumulated and exercised. In the wake of new claims-making pressures during Myanmar’s short-lived democratic opening, state officials nullified Rohingyas’ claims for recognition as citizens by depriving them of the material evidence to support these claims. In response, Rohingya activists invoked this same epistemic power of documents, leveraging archival sources and documentary vestiges to build their own historical counternarratives of indigenous belonging. By protagonizing stateless Rohingyas, I provide insight into top-down administrative efforts to un-make race and into how minorities can contest these omissions.
Optimal Therapeutic Strategy of Bone Marrow-Originated Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells for ALS
Authors: Kim Seung Hyun , Oh Ki-Wook , Noh Min-Young , Kwon Min-Soo 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by selective and progressive neurodegenerative changes in motor neural networks. Given the system complexity, including anatomically distributed sites of degeneration from the motor cortex to the spinal cord and chronic pro-inflammatory conditions, a cell-based therapeutic strategy could be an alternative approach to treating ALS. Lessons from previous mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) trials in ALS realized the importance of 3 aspects in current and future MSC therapy, including the preparation of MSCs, administration routes and methods, and recipient-related factors. This review briefly describes the current status and future prerequisites for an optimal strategy using bone-marrow-originated MSCs to treat ALS. We suggest mandatory factors in the optimized therapeutic strategy focused on advanced therapy medicinal products produced according to Good Manufacturing Practice, an optimal administration method, the selection of proper patients, and the importance of biomarkers.
Examining the taxonomic distribution of tetracycline resistance in a wastewater plant
Authors: Ochman Howard , Quandt Erik M , Gottell Neil , Gilbert Jack A 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Microbial communities serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and facilitate the dissemination of these genes to bacteria that infect humans. Relatively little is known about the taxonomic distribution of bacteria harboring ARGs in these reservoirs and the avenues of transmission due to the technical hurdles associated with characterizing the contents of complex microbial populations and the assignment of genes to particular genomes. Focusing on the array of tetracycline resistance (Tcr) genes in the primary and secondary phases of wastewater treatment, 17 of the 22 assayed Tcr genes were detected in at least one sample. We then applied emulsion, paired isolation, and concatenation PCR (epicPCR) to link tetracycline resistance genes to specific bacterial hosts. Whereas Tcr genes tend to vary in their distributions among bacterial taxa according to their modes of action, there were numerous instances in which a particular Tcr gene was associated with a host that was distantly related to all other bacteria bearing the same gene, including several hosts not previously identified. Tcr genes are far less host-restricted than previously assumed, indicating that complex microbial communities serve as settings where ARGs are spread among divergent bacterial phyla.
Microbial threats and sustainable solutions for molluscan aquaculture
Authors: Kunselman Emily , Wiggin Kara , Diner Rachel E , Gilbert Jack A , Allard Sarah M 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Aquaculture is responsible for producing almost half of the world’s seafood. As the global climate changes and population continues to increase, we must prepare for increased disease in aquatic animals, a risk compounded by high-density aquafarms that are necessary to keep up with demand. This review will highlight major microbial threats to aquaculture and current and alternative solutions to these threats with consideration for the accessibility of the proposed solutions. Molluscs are ideal for sustainable aquaculture because they require less inputs than most other protein sources, and through filter feeding, they improve local ecosystem health. However, they are also plagued by microbial diseases, and rising water temperatures will only exacerbate this problem by enhancing pathogen survival, range, and growth. At the same time, microbial treatments hold great promise for reducing disease burden and increasing yield and food safety. In order to combat threats to sustainable aquaculture, it is critical to monitor and predict microbial behavior in coastal water and animal populations, explore sustainable microbial treatment options such as probiotics and phage therapy, reduce reliance on antimicrobials, and develop mitigation strategies through partnership with mollusc farmers, government regulators, industry, academic researchers, and indigenous peoples.