bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introductory note to *1930c
Authors: Goldfarb Warren 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This item is, apparently, the lecture Gödel delivered on 6 Septem ber 1930 at the Conference on Epistemology of the Exact Sciences in Konigsberg. In it Gödel presents his completeness theorem for first-order quantification theory, which he had proved in his doctoral dissertation 1929 (these Works, Volume I, pages 60-101) and published as 1930 (Volume I, pages 102-123). A one-paragraph abstract of the lecture was published as 1930a (Volume I, pages 124-125). Further information on the Konigsberg Conference and Godel’s participation in it can be found in the introductory note to 1931a, Volume I, pages 196--199.
Introductory note to *1931’?
Authors: Kleene Stephen C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper gives an excellent overview of the results in 1931 with out entering into the overwhelming amount of detail on which they rest. On the back of the manuscript Gödel wrote “(Vortrag?)” [Lecture?]; we surmise that the paper was intended as a popular treatment of the results of 1931. An early communication by him of only a part of those results took place at Konigsberg on 5-7 September 1930 and is reported in 1931a. At that time he had not yet discovered his sec ond incompleteness theorem (which is described in the last paragraph of *1931?), nor had he yet formulated his undecidable propositions number-theoretically (see these Works, Volume I, page 137).
Lecture [on the] consistency [of the] continuum hypothesis (Brown University) (*1940a)
Authors: Feferman (Editor-in-Chief) Solomon , Dawson John W , Goldfarb Warren , Parsons Charles , Solovay Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If I want to sketch a proof for the consistency of Cantor’s continuum hypothesis, I have a choice between many possibilities. Just recently I have succeeded in giving the proof a new shape which makes it somewhat similar to Hilbert’s program presented in his lecture Uber das Unendliche [1926]. I would like to sketch this proof today because it is perhaps the most perspicuous. But nevertheless I don’t want to omit completely my former proofs, because they contain the heuristic viewpoints.
A proof of Cantor’s continuum hypothesis from a highly plausible axiom about orders of growth ( *1970b)
Authors: Feferman (Editor-in-Chief) Solomon , Dawson John W , Goldfarb Warren , Parsons Charles , Solovay Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Emile Borel (see [Note II, page 117,] of Borel 1898) considers as self evident the fact that the scale of the orders of growth of the functions w ---. w has order type w1, i.e., that there exists a set So of order type w1 of such functions, ordered by the relation “greater from a certain point on”, which, for any function f: w w, contains a function g majorizing f from a certain point on.
[Unsent letter to Alfred Tarski]( *1910c)
Authors: Feferman (Editor-in-Chief) Solomon , Dawson John W , Goldfarb Warren , Parsons Charles , Solovay Robert M 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Many thanks for returning my paper and for your letter of May 19. I am sorry my answer comes so late. But I wanted first to think matters over thoroughly. Unfortunately my paper, as it stands, is no good. I wrote it in a hurry shortly after I had been ill, had been sleeping very poorly and had been taking drugs impairing the mental functions.
The Consequences of Controlling Entry
Authors: Abel Richard L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We can trace the effect of these institutional changes on the size of the profession in several ways. The longest times-series data record law school enrollments (which, of course, are not identical to rates of entry to the profession). The number of students increased most rapidly-almost tenfold-between 1890 and 1930, when academic legal education was displacing apprenticeship, new law schools were opening, and existing schools were expanding (see Table 21). After this growth peaked in 1927, enrollment declined somewhat erratically through the 1930s, dropped dramatically during World War II, and was swollen only briefly by the postwar surge of veterans before it returned to the level of the 1930s, where it remained throughout the 1950s.
Demand Creation: A New Strategy in the Professional Project?
Authors: Abel Richard L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The legal profession’s struggle for market control, which began in earnest in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, was directed almost exclusively toward regulating supply-the production of and by producers of legal services. Lawyers came closest to achieving that goal during the two decades after World War II, when enrollment in ABA-approved schools remained relatively constant, most unapproved schools had closed, and restrictive practices were accepted and enforced.
Circle of Women Artists: Tillie Olsen and Anne Sexton at the Radcliffe Institute
Authors: Middlebrook Diane 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
One Sunday in November 1960, The New York Times carried a front-page story announcing an experimental new program designed to “harness the talents of ‘intellectually displaced women’ “ whose careers had been interrupted.1 The program was to be called The Radcliffe Institute; its founder was Mary Ingraham Bunting, the recently inaugurated president of Radcliffe, the women’s college at Harvard University. The program would make twenty fellowships available to women who wished to return to fulltime intellectual or artistic work. President Bunting devised the program to address what she described as the “climate of unexpectation” in which mature women struggled for professional visibility, once they had stepped off a career path in order to raise a family. The Radcliffe Institute was to be a place where women could make up for lost time, using the facilities of the Harvard libraries and laboratories.
Rereading Tell Me a Riddle in the Age of Deconstruction
Authors: Rosenfelt Deborah Silverton 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rereading from a Different “Subject Position”
I first read Tell Me a Riddle as a young activist in the optimistic late sixties, and when I wrote about it several years later, I stressed its continuities with the radical literature of the thirties, including Olsen’s own Yonnondio, and its importance in keeping that tradition alive (Rosenfelt 1980, 1981). This essay rereads those stories from a different “subject position,” constituted during years of conservative Republicanism as well as years of deconstruction in academia. The Riddle I read now seems to me more ambiguous, more shadowed, less seamless internally than the text I “produced” then, though no less powerful. Perhaps because the Reagan-Bush era is not unlike the fifties, an era in which a movement that seemed to promise revolutionary change was succeeded instead by an era of reaction, Tell Me a Riddle now seems to me to reveal its embeddedness in the discourses and contradictions of the fifties as strongly as its affiliations, still clear but less univocally affirmed than I once assumed, with the 1930s genre Paula Rabinowitz has defined as women’s revolutionary fiction (see especially Chapter 2). The stories of Tell Me a Riddle invite us to consider what happens textually when the revolutionary consciousness that has informed the literature of a radical social movement survives into a nonrevolutionary era.
Silent Parenting in the Acade1ny
Authors: Coiner Constance 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Tillie Olsen’s Tell Me a Riddle and Silences are virtually unique in American literature for their uncompromising look at the anguish of women who must choose between having children and the need to carry on other serious work. In the 1970s, when many feminists forewent or delayed childbearing. Silences dared to raise the issue of responsibility for children, an issue that has become. in my view, the crucible for the women’s movement. In raising this issue, Olsen entered what in Silences she termed “an almost taboo area; the last refuge of sexism” (202). Today, over a decade since the publication of Silences, responsibility for children remains the last refuge of sexism. the Achilles heel of the women’s movement. Even the women whom the movement has most helped to advance. its educated professionals, have with a sense of deja vu felt that old shock of sudden recognition. that familiar “click”: equal opportunity vanishes around the issue of who will take care of the kids. As a person attempting to parent within the academy. I have experienced such “clicks,” as the following anecdotes will show. When I was a graduate student and my daughter, Ana. was a newborn, I received a note from Tillie Olsen on one of those scraps of paper that are her trademark. “Thieve all the time you can for Ana” was all it said. but I have hung on to that scrap of permission to love my child while working my way into a profession that is often incompatible with the needs of children and parents.
Introduction
Authors: Ramsey Bennett 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This book is about several things, and it seems a courtesy to the reader to explain, at least preliminarily, what they are. First and foremost, the book is about William James, or rather about his writings and his work. What I have attempted to do is present an overall description of the patterns in James’s writings, the manner in which they developed, and the ends to which they led. My purpose is fairly straightforward. I want to provide the reader with a general guide to James’s thought so that specific writings may be encountered with some sense of their place in the body of his work. I also want to advance an argument about the nature of James’s work overall: that it finds its whither and its whence in a developing understanding and an increasingly strong avowal of the human person as a religiously bounded self.
Introduction to the Letters
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Susanna Wesley’s letters give us a better view of the whole person than do her larger theological and educational writings and her devotional journal. Theological and spiritual concerns are never far from the surface in her correspondence (indeed, word for word, they predominate) and so are moments of introspection, but family news and relationships also frequently come up in interesting, though not always explicit, ways. The everyday world at least frames the theological and devotional content of the letters and enables the reader to fill in the life details and sketch more fully the worldview of this remarkable woman.
The Evening Prayers Controversy
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
A dispute in the winter of 1711 / 171 2 over Susanna’s conduct of irregular worship services gives another stunning example of how far a woman’s conscience might oppose both the prerogatives of her husband and priest and the canons of the established church. The story, well known in Methodist legend because of its presumed impact on the nine-year-old John Wesley, ranks with the earlier theological, marital, and political quarrel over who was rightfully king (see chapter 1, the Yar borough and Hickes correspondence, in part I of this volume).
An Age if Reason-and Credulity
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Historians of the early modern and modern periods have for some time noticed the seemingly odd juxtaposition, illustrated frequently in the eighteenth century, of reasonableness and superstition. The Age of Reason, itself a designation that privileges high intellectual history, yields up new insights when the historian of popular culture is permitted to notice elements of the irrational, the emotional, the supernatural, and the magical among the beliefs and behaviors of many (and not just unlettered village and country folk). Such disparate elements are amply represented in the next batch of correspondence.
Advisor to the Holy Club
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The “method” instilled by Susanna Wesley, both in her rectory home-school and in correspondence, became an early form of “Methodism” in the autumn of 1729. It was then that her son John returned to Oxford to take up his duties as a tutor and was pulled into a small circle of undergraduates (his brother Charlesand a couple of his friends) who met from time to time to read devotional works together. Under his leadership the group grew into a “shifting network” of Oxonians who engaged in various pious and charitable activities and earned for themselves such nicknames as Supererogation Men, the Holy Club, and Methodists. More serious notoriety came in August 1732 with the death of William Morgan, one of the original members; his demise, as well as the mental and physical symptoms at tending his illness, was attributed to the ascetic excesses of Oxford Methodist discipline.
A Widow and a Supportive Critic of Revival
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Society (Susanna would have said Providence) appointed a further set of roles for her in her old age. Her husband, Samuel, died on 25 April 1735, necessitating her departure from the Epworth rectory and a kind of itinerancy among her children: Emily in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire; Samuel Jr. in Tiverton, Devon (he was to die prematurely less than five years after his father); Patty and her husband, Westley Hall, in Wooten Rivers, Wiltshire, and Fisherton near Salisbury, before moving to London; and finally John at his newly renovated headquarters, the Foundery, a stone’s throw from her birthplace. Widowhood forced this further dependence on her, but it also opened up new vistas-new locations; new people; new challenges; and a new religious perspective to wrestle with, one sponsored by her two increasingly famous younger sons.
Last Letters
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
By the end of 1739 Susanna Wesley had moved into what was to be her final home, her son John’s newly acquired and renovated Methodist headquarters, the Foundery. There her last four extant letters (and doubtless a number of others that haven’t survived) were written. Not always in the best of health, Susanna never the less continued to be a lively correspondent. To the familiar themes of her sons’ work and her own spiritual and temporal condition are added here a hint of her role in the community at the Foundery and a unique perspective on her personality in a letter to the countess of Huntingdon.
“But What Do You Think?”
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Susanna Wesley organized much of this chapter in question-and-answer format, not uncommon among authors of her day and certainly a convenient way to arrange an internal conversation. However, as in the first two of three entries on fasting (127 and 128), the device also pushes her to explore her own mind and to justify her position in debate with competing ones. “What do you think of fasting?” and “Why do you think it is not a moral virtue?” are questions that, whatever answers they produce, affirm her thought process and its results.
“Bend the Whole Force of the Mind in a Serious Use of the Ways and Means of Religion”
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Two approaches dominate this chapter, the last set of entries in the first half of Susanna Wesley’s earliest journal. One might be styled theoretical (though the term is relative since the practical is never far, even from her speculative theology) and involves her engagement with current religious thought, primarily that of Blaise Pascal. The other, clearly practical, emerges in ruminations on her struggles with temptation. Susanna Wesley’s fascination with Pascal was one she shared with numerous other Englishmen and Englishwomen. As is evident from meditations 131-135 and 138-139, she had access to Basil Kennett’s 1704 translation of the Pensees, which she pondered and plundered for her journal. See Blaise Pascal, Thoughts on Religion, and Other Subjects . . . (London: A. & J. Churchil, R. Sare, J. Tonson, 1704). In general she seems to have keyed into Pascal’s sense of paradox, typified in his analysis of humanity as both most excellent and most miserable (see 131) and as midway between infinity and nothing (135). Other Pascalian ideas claim her attention, as well-for instance, the insufficiency of metaphysical proofs of God’s existence for ordinary people (133); the usefulness of “the habit of believing” (134); the regulation of passions and amusements (139).
“The Most Blest and Happy Day”
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This score of uncharacteristic entries occupies some 36 pages, beginning at the back of the same notebook that contains all the diary reprinted to this point. They are uncharacteristic in that they break the normal routine of morning, noon, and evening meditations by including special sabbath reflections and others with a more occasional focus, such as a solemn vow, a sermon she has read, and a series of scripture citations that have for one reason or another intrigued her. In addition, quite a few dates are scattered throughout the pages (nearly as many in 36 pages as in the previous 192), beginning with a flyleaf notation (“S.W 1709”) and continuing through 27 November 1727 (entry 172), covering the time period of the previous entries and apparently extending well past them. Though there are a number of more representative meditations in this chapter, it seems likely that Susanna Wesley used the back end of the notebook primarily for special times and needs.
Introduction to the Writings
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
as any reader of her letters and journals will affirm, Susanna Wesley was fully /I capable of sustained theological essays. Her’s was a facile pen, her favorite topic was “practical divinity,” and more than a few of her letters or longish journal entries might easily pass for publishable essays. Length, subject matter, and even genre alone, therefore, do not necessarily warrant the creation of a third category of her writings.
On Educating My Family
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Arguably the most influential of Susanna Wesley’s writings, this essay in the form of a letter was written to her son John at his request in early 1732. Dealing with the household regimen and the early education of her ten children who survived infancy, it has become something of a classic statement of evangelical child-rearing practices. Though not her earliest extended piece on education, we have placed it first in this section as an indication of her methodology and rationale. Anticipating its composition in a letter to her son John in February 1732, she outlined the project with her own blend of modesty and forthrightness:
Obedience to the Laws of God A Brief (Unfinished) Exposition on the Ten Commandments
Authors: Charles Wallace 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This essay, a sequel to Susanna Wesley’s exposition of the Creed, exists only as an incomplete rough draft.Although it had been planned as part of the extended catechetical project that took on new urgency after the rectory fire of 1709, and although she promised her daughter Suky that it would quickly follow the explication of the Creed, it appears to have been no farther along than we see it here by spring 1711. A journal entry in late May of that year, seemingly designed to help strenthen her resolve to get on with her work, implies that the piece was still unfinished.
The Era Of Cooperative Competition, 1911–1933: Trade And Labor Associations, Political Majorities, And Speech Rights
Authors: Peritz Rudolph J R 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The two decades between 1911 and 1933 were a time of accelerating, some­ times cataclysmic, change in the economic, political, and cultural currents of everyday life in America. The First World War produced the most evident upheaval, not only in the physical and economic ravages of war but also in its political aftermath. In the United States, the Great War stands as the great divide between an earlier era of progressive politics and a decade of conservative Republican administrations. If the 1930s are recalled as the decade of the Great Depression, the twenty years preceding it should be remembered, much as we view the 1960s, as an era of turmoil-of tyrannies, resistances, and excesses. Not only World War I and its international aftermath, but also the first women’s movement in America, urban race riots and a revival of the Ku Klux Klan, labor uprisings, repression of dissident speech, the burlesque of Prohibition, and an anti-immigrant nativism betray any effort to portray those years in harmonious terms.
Introduction
Authors: Jankowski Gene F , Fuchs David C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this book we examine certain aspects of the way constantly advancing developments in communications technology have interacted with the lives, habits, needs, and interests of the American people in the past, and how the two are apt to be related in the future. Our particular focus is on television. At this time, billions of dollars are being invested, and vast new alliances are being formed involving telephone companies, cable systems, computer businesses, publishers, and motion picture studios in the belief that the future of communications is to be found in the conjunction of the telephone, the television set, and the computer. The expectation is that all of the services these organizations now offer separately will be combined in a single appliance that will be a movie theater, stereo, printer, telephone, mailbox, library, classroom, playroom, diary, checkbook, calendar, television screen, or any combination of these.
A Brief History of Broadcasting
Authors: Jankowski Gene F , Fuchs David C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There never has been a personality as dominant in the industry as Arthur Godfrey was in the 1950s and ‘60s. He had two TV shows in the top ten as well as a two-hour weekday program carried on both radio and television. Gene once received an opportunity to fly to Buffalo with Godfrey, an expert pilot who flew his own plane everywhere. On the way back, after Godfrey had finished charming the local citizens, Gene noticed a pat­ tern in the radio conversation as they flew in and out of various flight control sectors. It went like this: “Rochester, this is Mike One at five thousand feet.” “Right, Mike One, you’re clear.” “Thanks Rochester.” “Good night, Mister Godfrey.” Every single air traffic controller knew that Mike One was Arthur Godfrey. Gene asked him how this could be. “Every Christmas,” he said, “I send out thousands of grease pencils to the controllers-that’s how they mark their radar scopes-with a note of appreciation signed ‘From you friend, Arthur Godfrey.’” It was a perfect illustration of Godfrey the performer and Godfrey the salesman, the one interchangeable with the other.
Television and Washington
Authors: Jankowski Gene F , Fuchs David C 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Three factors-news, an activity; Washington, a place; and the trust of the public-compose what we term the credibility triangle. Washington is both the chief source of news and the regulatory power for television. Broadcasters report on Washington, more often than not in a manner not wholly agreeable to those in power, and are at the same time beholden to it for their licenses and for the rules that govern their business. On the other hand, television is regarded as pivotal in the process that is of greatest interest in Washington: getting elected. So there is both dependency and contention in the relationship; it is both confrontational and collegial. What tends to keep these two contradictory factors in place is the presence of a third factor. Neither government nor news can function without an underpinning of public trust, and a large measure of that trust is invested in the public’s perception of how the two relate­ how the press treats the government and how the government treats the press.