bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All you Need is Trust? Public Perspectives on Consenting to Participate in Genomic Research in the Sri Lankan District of Colombo
Authors: Jayasinghe Krishani , Chamika W. A. S. , Jayaweera Kaushalya , Abhayasinghe Kalpani , Dissanayake Lasith , Sumathipala Athula , Ives Jonathan 
Published: November 2023

AbstractEngagement with genomic medicine and research has increased globally during the past few decades, including rapid developments in Sri Lanka. Genomic research is carried out in Sri Lanka on a variety of scales and with different aims and perspectives. However, there are concerns about participants' understanding of genomic research, including the validity of informed consent. This article reports a qualitative study aiming to explore the understanding, knowledge, and attitudes of the Sri Lankan public towards genomic medicine and to inform the development of an effective and appropriate process for informed consent in that setting. Purposive sampling was employed. Participants were recruited from a sub-group of the public in Colombo, Sri Lanka who had either consented or refused to donate genetic material for a biobank. Data were collected using face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Conventional content analysis was used. The analysis developed three key themes: a) ‘Scientific literacy’ describes an apparent lack of scientific knowledge that seems to affect a participant’s ability to understand the research, b) ‘Motivation’ describes narratives about why participants chose (not) to take part in the research, despite not understanding it, and c) ‘Trust’ describes how trust served to mitigate the apparent ethical deficit created by not being fully informed. In this article, we argue that informed trust is likely an acceptable basis for consent, particularly in settings where scientific literacy might be low. However, researchers must work to be worthy of that trust and ensure that misconceptions are actively addressed.
AM1172 (a hydrolysis-resistant endocannabinoid analog that inhibits anandamide cellular uptake) reduces the viability of the various melanoma cells, but it exerts significant cytotoxic effects on healthy cells: an in vitro study based on isobolographic analysis
Authors: Marzęda Paweł , Wróblewska-Łuczka Paula , Florek-Łuszczki Magdalena , Góralczyk Agnieszka , Łuszczki Jarogniew J. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite great advances in our understanding of the impact of cannabinoids on human organism, many of their properties still remain undetermined, including their potential antineoplastic effects. This study was designed to assess the anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects of AM1172 (a hydrolysis-resistant endocannabinoid analog that inhibits anandamide cellular uptake) administered alone and in combinations with docetaxel (DOCX), paclitaxel (PACX), mitoxantrone (MTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) on various human malignant melanoma A375, FM55P, SK-MEL 28 and FM55M2 cell lines.

Materials
In the MTT, LDH, and BrdU assays, the potency and safety of AM1172 when administered alone and in combinations with DOCX, PACX, MTX, and CDDP were determined.

Results
The isobolographic analysis revealed that combinations of AM1172 with PACX, DOCX, MTX, and CDDP exerted additive interactions, except for a combination of AM1172 with PACX in primary melanoma A375 cell line, for which synergy was observed (*p<0.05). Nevertheless, AM1172 when administered alone produced cytotoxic effects on healthy human melanocytes (HEMa-LP) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT), which unfortunately limits its potential therapeutic utility.

Conclusions
AM1172 cannot be used separately as a chemotherapeutic drug, but it can be combined with PACX, DOCX, MTX, and CDDP, offering additive interactions in terms of the anti-proliferative effects in various malignant melanoma cell lines.
Optimization of the regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in pear
Authors: Xue Cheng , Guo Suli , Gu Kaidi , Xing Mingjia , Wu Jun 
Published: November 2023

AbstractConventional breeding in pears is inefficient due to a long juvenile phase and self-incompatibility. Genetic transformation offers a promise to expedite the breeding process. However, the frequencies of regeneration and genetic transformation in most Pyrus spp. are relatively low. This study investigated various factors influencing regeneration and genetic transformation using leaves from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim “Shanli” and P. communis L. “Conference” as explants. The optimum regeneration medium for “Shanli” and “Conference” was NN69 containing 3.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 0.3 mg L−1 indolybutyric acid (IBA) for the former or 1.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 0.5 mg L−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) for the latter. Sectioning the leaves from 30-day-old plantlets transversely and placing them with their abaxial side facing downward could significantly improve the regeneration ratio in both accessions. Moreover, a two- or four-week culture under the dark was beneficial for the regeneration of “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. The optimal infection time was 12 and 8 min, while the time of the delayed screening test was two and one day for “Shanli” and “Conference” respectively. Moreover, a coculture of two days was recommended for both accessions. Post-transformation, the optimal concentrations of antibiotics were 16 mg L−1 kanamycin (Kan), 150 mg L−1 timentin (Tim), and 300 mg L−1 cefotaxime (Cef). The optimized regeneration and transformation system can be an effective alternative for either gene function analysis or genetic improvement in pear.
Agrochemical exposure-induced seed microbiome response in barley
Authors: Wang Lan , Fang Hongda , Xue Zhao , De Ji , Guo Xiaofang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThe seed microbiota has great potential for enhancing agricultural practices and promoting sustainable plant growth. However, excessive and improper application of agrochemicals may have unforeseen effects on the seed microbiota, posing potential risks to crop health and even ecological integrity. Despite this, the impact of agrochemicals on seed microbiota in domesticated crops remains largely unexplored. Here, we aimed to analyze the effects of four common agrochemicals on the seed microbiome of highland barley in Tibet using high-throughput sequencing. Community diversity analysis suggests that the differences in seed microbial groups under different agrochemical treatments are not significant. Interestingly, we found that the key microbial taxa in barley seeds responded distinctly to specific agrochemicals. Lactobacillus spp. were identified as positive biomarkers in response to tebuconazole and lambda-cyhalothrin due to an increase in relative abundance as a probiotic. Conversely, Leuconostoc and Helicobacter were recognized as positive biomarkers upon exposure to pydiflumetofen, attributed to a notable reduction in the abundance of pathogens. Collectively, our findings have revealed the unique responsiveness of seed microbial taxa to agrochemical exposure. Further mechanistic insights into the responsiveness of these microbial biomarkers to agrochemicals may establish a foundational framework for microbiome-targeted verification of agrochemical application, ensuring food safety throughout the cultivation of Tibetan barley.
Functional, eco-friendly, and starch-based nanocarriers with sustained release of carvacrol for persistent control of tomato gray mold
Authors: Shang Wenxuan , Xiong Qiuyu , Xie Zhengang , Cheng Jingli , Yu Bin , Zhang Haonan , Su Yehua , Zhao Jinhao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractCarvacrol (Car) is a promising botanical fungicide. However, the volatile and easily oxidizable characterization of Car hinders its practical application. Herein, an eco-friendly, starch-based nanopesticide (Car@ACS) was successfully constructed by encapsulating of Car within acetylated corn starch, enabling sustained release to prolong its efficacy. In vitro release experiments showed that the release of Car from commercial carvacrol soluble concentrate (Car SL) was 98.4% within 4 h, while that of Car@ACS released 36% within 4 h and 79% within 48 h, demonstrating the endowed sustained release property of the starch nanoparticles. Meanwhile, in vitro antimicrobial activity experiments revealed the fungicidal ability of the prepared Car@ACS and carvacrol technical (Car Tech) with the same concentration of active ingredient to be comparable Botrytis cinerea. In the 7-day pot experiment, the efficacy of the Car@ACS group (56.9%) against B. cinerea was significantly greater than that of the Car SL group (33.3%). In addition, the Car@ACS formulation improved the foliar retention of Car compared to Car SL in hydrophilic cucumber and hydrophobic peanut leaves. Finally, biosafety tests indicated that Car@ACS did not significantly affect the germination or growth of tomato seedlings. Therefore, the advantages of long-lasting disease control properties, improved foliar retention and eco-friendliness indicate that Car@ACS has significant potential to facilitate the application of volatile botanical fungicides.
The epidemiology of cephalosporin allergy labels in pediatric primary care
Authors: Joerger Torsten , Taylor Margaret G. , Palazzi Debra L. , Gerber Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Background:
Recent studies have sought to understand the epidemiology and impact of beta-lactam allergy labels on children; however, most of these studies have focused on penicillin allergy labels. Fewer studies assess cephalosporin antibiotic allergy labels in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with, and impact of cephalosporin allergy labels in children cared for in the primary care setting.

Methods:
Cephalosporin allergy labels were reviewed among children in a dual center, retrospective, birth cohort who were born between 2010 and 2020 and followed in 90 pediatric primary care practices. Antibiotic prescriptions for acute otitis media were compared in children with and without cephalosporin allergies.

Results:
334,465 children comprised the birth cohort and 2,877 (0.9%) were labeled as cephalosporin allergic during the study period at a median age of 1.6 years. Third-generation cephalosporins were the most common class of cephalosporin allergy (83.0%). Cephalosporin allergy labels were more common in children with penicillin allergy labels than those without (5.8% vs. 0.6%). Other factors associated with a cephalosporin allergy label included white race, private insurance, presence of a chronic condition, and increased health care utilization. Children with third-generation cephalosporin allergy labels received more amoxicillin/clavulanate (28.8% vs. 10.2%) and macrolides (10.4% vs. 1.9%) and less amoxicillin (55.8% vs. 70.9%) for treatment of acute otitis media than non-allergic peers p < 0.001.

Conclusions:
One in 100 children is labeled as cephalosporin allergic, and these children receive different antibiotics for the treatment of acute otitis media compared to non-allergic peers.
Are Folks Purists or Pragmatic Encroachers? New Discoveries of Relation between Knowledge and Action from Experimental Philosophy
Authors: Wu Su 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The relation between knowledge and action has been a lengthy debate in philosophy which traces back to Descartes and Locke. Purism holds that the practical factors related to action are fundamentally independent of the standard of knowledge, while pragmatic encroachment argues that practical considerations about action can impact judgments about knowledge. This traditional debate was put front and center recently by discussions on some knowledge attribution cases and relevant empirical studies. This paper reports three empirical studies based on three pairs of classic knowledge attribution cases on Chinese participants. The results indicate that folk's understanding of knowledge is more compatible with purism and suggest a conversational implicature account of the connection between judgments about knowledge and action.
The impact of mental health literacy intervention on in-service teachers’ knowledge attitude and self-efficacy
Authors: Bichoualne Azziz , Oubibi Mohamed , Rong Yu 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Mental health literacy (MHL) is an essential component in the process of de-stigmatization, promoting mental health, and supporting people struggling with mental illness. Today, as the number of people suffering from mental illnesses is nearly 450 million people worldwide, the importance of having a teacher-training program that incorporates MHL in its curriculum has become paramount. This study is a quasi-experimental pre–post research that uses the MHL program as an intervention. The sample included 36 (n = 36) high school in-service teachers from 11 schools. The participants took an online training program for 6 weeks. The evaluations were used before and after the training to assess their mental health knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. The data were analyzed using the paired sample t-test. The findings revealed a significant level of improvement in relation to the teachers’ MHL knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy after the training. The study findings reveal the effectiveness of MHL training in improving in-service teachers’ knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in relation to mental health. The study’s limitations and future study recommendations are discussed.
Developing knowledge-based psychotherapeutic competencies in non-specialist providers: A pre-post study with a nested randomised controlled trial of a coach-supported versus self-guided digital training course for a problem-solving psychological intervention in India
Authors: Mathur Sonal , Weiss Helen A. , Neuman Melissa , Leurent Baptiste , Field Andy P. , Shetty Tejaswi , J. James E. , Nair Pooja , Mathews Rhea , Malik Kanika , Michelson Daniel , Patel Vikram 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
We evaluated a digital learning programme for non-specialists to develop knowledge-based competencies in a problem-solving intervention for adolescents to examine the overall impact of training on knowledge-based competencies among learners; and to compare the effects of two training conditions (self-guided digital training with or without coaching) in a nested parallel, two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial. Eligible participants were 18 or older; fluent in Hindi or English; able to access digital training; and had no prior experience of delivering structured psychotherapies. 277 participants were enrolled from 31 March 2022 to 19 June 2022 of which 230 (83%) completed the study. There was a significant increase in competency score from pre-training (Mean = 7.01, SD = 3.29) to post-training (Mean = 8.88, SD = 3.80), 6 weeks after the pre-training assessment. Knowledge competency scores showed larger increase among participants randomised to the coaching arm (AMD = 1.09, 95% CI 0.26–1.92, p = 0.01) with an effect size (d) of 0.33 (95% CI 0.08–0.58). More participants completed training in the coaching arm (n = 96, 69.6%) compared to the self-guided training arm (n = 56, 40.3%). In conclusion, a coach-supported remote digital training intervention is associated with enhanced participation by learners and increased psychotherapeutic knowledge competencies.
Digital generation of super-Gaussian perfect vortex beams via wavefront shaping with globally adaptive feedback
Authors: Ma Rui , Luo Ke Hai , He Jing Song , Zhang Wei Li , Fan Dian Yuan , Gomes Anderson S. L. , Liu Jun 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
High-intensity vortex beams with tunable topological charges and low coherence are highly demanded in applications such as inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and optical communication. However, traditional optical vortices featuring nonuniform intensity distributions are dramatically restricted in application scenarios that require a high-intensity vortex beam owing to their ineffective amplification resulting from the intensity-dependent nonlinear effect. Here, a low-coherence perfect vortex beam (PVB) with a topological charge as high as 140 is realized based on the super-pixel wavefront-shaping technique. More importantly, a globally adaptive feedback algorithm (GAFA) is proposed to efficiently suppress the original intensity fluctuation and achieve a flat-top PVB with dramatically reduced beam speckle contrast. The GAFA-based flat-top PVB generation method can pave the way for high-intensity vortex beam generation, which is crucial for potential applications in ICF, laser processing, optical communication and optical trapping.
Analysis of mid-spatial frequency wavefront distortions from a liquid-cooled flash-lamp pumped Nd:phosphate laser amplifier
Authors: Dalbies Pierre-Marie , Cavaro Sandy , Bordenave Edouard , Blanchot Nathalie , Moreau Julien G. , Neauport Jérôme 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMid-spatial frequency wavefront deformation can be deleterious for the operation of high-energy laser systems. When fluid cooled high-repetition-rate amplifiers are used, the coolant flow is likely to induce such detrimental mid-spatial frequency wavefront deformations. Here, we describe the design and performance of a 90 mm × 90 mm aperture, liquid-cooled Nd:phosphate split-slab laser amplifier pumped by flash-lamps. The performance of the system is evaluated in terms of wavefront aberration and gain at repetition rates down to 1 shot per minute. The results show that this single cooled split-slab system exhibits low wavefront distortions in the medium to large period range, compatible with a focus on target, and despite the use of liquid coolant traversed by both pump and amplified wavelengths. This makes it a potential candidate for applications in large high-energy laser facilities.
Animacy effects in the English genitive alternation: comparing native speakers and EFL learner judgments with corpus data
Authors: Dubois Tanguy , Grafmiller Jason , Paquot Magali , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent years have seen a heightened interest in the interface between language use and cognition in language learners. In this study, we investigate this interface further by conducting a rating task experiment on the intuitions of 25 native speakers and 101 low–intermediate to advanced learners of English as a Foreign Language regarding the acceptability of the genitive variants (the beauty of nature/nature’s beauty) in different contexts. These ratings were then compared against existing corpus-based statistical models that predict which variant is most likely in spoken language use with two mixed-effects linear regression models. The first model focused on the animacy of the possessor in particular, which has been found to have a different effect on native speakers and EFL learners in language use, whereas the second model tested how the ratings relate to the predictions as a whole. Results show that there is a larger discrepancy between language use and intuitions of low-proficiency learners compared to native speakers, which is partially because animate, collective, and inanimate possessors affect the intuitions and the language use of learners differently.
Tomato and lemon extracts synergistically improve cognitive function by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in aged mice
Authors: Yoon Kyeong-No , Cui Yidan , Quan Qing-Ling , Lee Dong Hun , Oh Jang-Hee , Chung Jin Ho 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBrain ageing, the primary risk factor for cognitive impairment, occurs because of the accumulation of age-related neuropathologies. Identifying effective nutrients that increase cognitive function may help maintain brain health. Tomatoes and lemons have various bioactive functions and exert protective effects against oxidative stress, ageing and cancer. Moreover, they have been shown to enhance cognitive function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of tomato and lemon ethanolic extracts (TEE and LEE, respectively) and their possible synergistic effects on the enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice. The molecular mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of TEE and LEE were investigated. For the in vivo experiment, TEE, LEE or their mixture was orally administered to 12-month-old mice for 9 weeks. A single administration of either TEE or LEE improved cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice to some extent, as determined using the novel object recognition test and doublecortin immunohistochemical staining, respectively. However, a significant enhancement of cognitive function and neurogenesis in aged mice was observed after the administration of the TEE + LEE mixture, which had a synergistic effect. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 2B, postsynaptic density protein 95, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation also synergistically increased after the administration of the mixture compared with those in the individual treatments. In conclusion, compared with their separate treatments, treatment with the TEE + LEE mixture synergistically improved the cognitive function, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in aged mice via the BDNF/TrkB/ERK signalling pathway.
Threshold graphs maximise homomorphism densities
Authors: Blekherman Grigoriy , Patel Shyamal 
Published: November 2023

AbstractGiven a fixed graph
$H$
and a constant
$c \in [0,1]$
, we can ask what graphs
$G$
with edge density
$c$
asymptotically maximise the homomorphism density of
$H$
in
$G$
. For all
$H$
for which this problem has been solved, the maximum is always asymptotically attained on one of two kinds of graphs: the quasi-star or the quasi-clique. We show that for any
$H$
the maximising
$G$
is asymptotically a threshold graph, while the quasi-clique and the quasi-star are the simplest threshold graphs, having only two parts. This result gives us a unified framework to derive a number of results on graph homomorphism maximisation, some of which were also found quite recently and independently using several different approaches. We show that there exist graphs
$H$
and densities
$c$
such that the optimising graph
$G$
is neither the quasi-star nor the quasi-clique (Day and Sarkar, SIAM J. Discrete Math. 35(1), 294–306, 2021). We also show that for
$c$
large enough all graphs
$H$
maximise on the quasi-clique (Gerbner et al., J. Graph Theory 96(1), 34–43, 2021), and for any
$c \in [0,1]$
the density of
$K_{1,2}$
is always maximised on either the quasi-star or the quasi-clique (Ahlswede and Katona, Acta Math. Hung. 32(1–2), 97–120, 1978). Finally, we extend our results to uniform hypergraphs.
Stage‐Slope‐Discharge Relationships Upstream of River Confluences Revealed by Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Liu Jun , Bauer‐Gottwein Peter , Frias Monica Coppo , Musaeus Aske Folkmann , Christoffersen Linda , Jiang Liguang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWith increasing coverage, density, and accuracy of the global inland water altimetry record, remote sensing observations of water surface elevation (WSE) and water surface slope (WSS) are becoming available for the world's rivers. In steady, uniform flows, WSS is invariable, while there is a unique one‐to‐one relationship between WSE and discharge, the rating curve. While the assumptions of steady uniform flow are appropriate for many rivers, they are violated upstream of river confluences. We present a simple analytical hydraulic model of river confluences using the theory of steady, gradually varied flow. We apply the model to four river confluences in the Mississippi‐Missouri river system. We determine the spatial extent of the backwater‐affected zones and map WSE‐discharge and WSS‐discharge relationships. We show that coincident measurements of WSE and WSS from new satellite altimetry missions effectively constrain discharge estimates from space in the backwater‐affected zones upstream of river confluences.