bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Antibodies to Alphaviruses and Discrimination between Antibodies to Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis Viruses in Rabbit Sera using a Recombinant Antigen and Virus‐specific Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Pässler S. , Pfeffer M. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThree arthropod‐borne alphaviruses, western equine encephalitis viruses (WEEV), eastern equine encephalitis viruses (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses are the aetiological agents of a sometimes severe encephalomyelitis in equines and humans in the New World. With regard to the different ecology and epidemiology of these viruses, a method applied in serological screening should be able to distinguish between them as well as other related members of the genus Alphavirus in the American continent. However, this has been hampered in the past by (a) the close antigenic relationship between alphaviruses in traditional serological assays, especially in the routinely used haemagglutination‐inhibition, and (b) the need of biosafety level 3 facilities to grow the viral antigens. An epitope blocking assay using an EEEV glycoprotein E1‐expressing recombinant Sindbis virus and virus‐specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding to the E1 of EEEV (strain NJ/60) and the E1 of Sindbis virus was established using automated flow cytometry. The test was evaluated using sera of infected and vaccinated rabbits. A cut‐off value of 30% inhibition for antigenic complex‐specific seroconversion was found to be sufficient for the detection of the respective infection. By using three different mAbs in parallel, we were able to detect alphavirus genus‐, EEEV‐ and WEEV‐complex‐specific serum antibodies. As this test is based on the inhibition of binding of virus‐specific mAbs, sera of every origin other than mouse can be tested. Thus, this assay may prove useful in the serological screening of a variety of animal species during an outbreak investigation.
Reproductive Losses due toNeospora caninumin a Beef Herd in Argentina
Authors: Moore D. P. , Campero C. M. , Odeón A. C. , Chayer R. , Bianco M. A. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryReproductive losses in a beef herd of 857 heifers with a pregnancy rate of 86.3% are described. After pregnancy testing, 69 abortions were seen during a 3 month period. Before calving season, three heifers had delivered pre‐mature non‐viable calves. Serum samples from 58 of 69 aborted heifers were available for serological tests. In order to compare the seroprevalence in non‐aborted vs. aborted heifers, 214 pregnant animals were bleed during the abortion storm. In addition, blood samples were collected from two heifers with pre‐mature calves and from 16 heifers with their calves prior to colostrum intake. All available serum samples were tested forNeospora caninumantibodies using an indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Fifty‐nine of 290 (20.3%) evaluated heifers were seropositive. Heifers that aborted and heifers with pre‐mature calves were more likely to be seropositive than pregnant heifers and heifers with normal calves [odds ratio (OR), 12.01; 95% CI, 6.18–23.30]. Vaginal mucus from four aborted heifers, and samples from two aborted foetuses and three pre‐mature calves were available. Laboratory tests forTritrichomonas foetus, bacterial and viral isolation, and histological examination were performed. Culture from vaginal mucus and foetal samples were negative. Histological lesions consistent with neosporosis and positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) toN. caninumwere found in one aborted foetus and in one pre‐mature calf. It is the first description of reproductive losses because ofN. caninumin beef herds in Argentina.
Effect of Endobronchial Challenge withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeSerotype 10 of Pigs Vaccinated with Bacterins Consisting ofA. pleuropneumoniaeSerotype 10 Grown under NAD‐Rich and NAD‐Restricted Conditions
Authors: van Overbeke I. , Chiers K. , Donne E. , Ducatelle R. , Haesebrouck F. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe efficacy of two bacterins containing anActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserotype 10 strain was evaluated. The bacterial cells constituting bacterin 1 and 2 were grown under nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐rich (low‐adherence capacity to alveolar epithelial cell cultures) and NAD‐restricted (high‐adherence capacity to alveolar epithelial cell cultures) conditions, respectively. Ten pigs were vaccinated twice with the bacterin 1 and nine pigs with the bacterin 2. Ten control animals were injected twice with a saline solution. Three weeks after the second vaccination, all pigs were endobronchially inoculated with 106.5 colony‐forming units (CFU) of anA. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 10 strain. In the bacterin 1 and 2 group, three and two pigs died after inoculation, respectively. Only two pigs of the control group survived challenge. Surviving pigs were killed at 7 days after challenge. The percentage of pigs with severe lung lesions (>10% of the lung affected) was 100% in the control group, 70% in the bacterin 1 group and 22% in the bacterin 2 group.Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaewas isolated from the lungs of all animals. The mean bacterial titres of the caudal lung lobes were 7.0 × 106 CFU/g in the control group, 6.3 × 105 CFU/g in the bacterin 1 group and 1.3 × 106 CFU/g in the bacterin 2 group. It was concluded that both bacterins induced partial protection against severe challenge. Furthermore, there are indications that the bacterin 2, containingA. pleuropneumoniaebacteria grown under conditions resulting in highin vitroadhesin, induced better protection than the bacterin 1.
A Study about Tick Vectors of Bovine Theileriosis in an Endemic Region of Iran
Authors: Razmi G. R. , Ebrahimzadeh E. , Aslani M. R. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the population of ticks in infected cattle and to identify the tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic area of Iran from 1998 to 1999. A total of 120 suspected cattle suffering from theileriosis were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of Theileria annulata in blood smears and the presence of any tick species on the body of cattle. In this study, 680 ticks were collected from 107 cattle infected with T. annulata. The prevalence of ticks infesting cattle was 92.35%Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 5.14%H. marginatum marginatum, 1.17%H. asiaticum asiaticum and 1.32%Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The examination of 510 tick salivary glands revealed that 51% of H. a. excavatum and 1.3% of H. a. asiaticum were infected with sporozoites of T. annulata.
Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from the Gall Bladder Samples of Sheep and Identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Ertaş H. B. , Özbey G. , Kılıç A. , Muz A. 
Published: July 2003

AbstractIn this study, 100 gall bladder samples of sheep slaughtered at an abattoir in Elazıgˇ province were examined for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Preston Campylobacter Agar supplemented with 7% horse blood and Preston Selective Supplement (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used for isolation of the agents. Campylobacter spp. were isolated in 66 samples, and they were identified as 34%C. jejuni and 32%C. coli.A multiplex PCR based upon the use of ceuE gene‐specific primers was applied on DNA samples extracted from C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. All C. jejuni and C. coli strains that were positive by culture were also detected to be positive by PCR.This study shows that PCR can be used an alternative, rapid and sensitive test for the identification of C. jejuni and C. coli which threaten human and animal health.
Experimental Infections with Wild and Mutant Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Strains in Rabbits
Authors: Najdenski H. , Vesselinova A. , Golkocheva E. , Garbom S. , Wolf‐Watz H. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryExperimental oral infections of rabbits with a wild‐type Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strain (pIB102), and two null‐mutants (yopK and ypkA) were carried out with the aim to explore the possibility to use mutant strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis as live carrier vaccine strains.The infectious process of the three strains proceed with passing hyperthermia, leucocytosis with granulocytosis, moderate monocytosis and a transient lymphopenia, better demonstrated at mutant strain infections. Short‐term bacterial dissemination into the brain and viscera was observed at yopK infection. An augmented resistance to bactericidal activity of leucocytes at the initial phase of infection was followed by an increased sensitivity discovered earlier in case of yopK strain accompanied by at least 70‐ and 20‐fold, respectively, for ypkA lower virulence for mice. The level of attenuation of yopK was accompanied by significant Yersinia specific IgG and IgM antibody response. Inflammatory foci were found by morphological examination in brain, lung and small intestines after infection with the wild‐type strain, while such foci were only observed in brain and mesenterial lymph nodes after infection with the yopK mutant. After infection with the ypkA mutant foci were found in brain and spleen of the infected animals. Morphological changes in the lymphatic tissue of rabbits infected with mutant strains were consistent with induction of immunogenesis.The data suggest that genetically constructed yopK null‐mutant exhibits characteristics that makes the strain suitable to be used as a live carrier vaccine to deliver heterologous antigens.
Novel Employment of Lactate Dehydrogenase Release from Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells (PAEC) as a Quantitative Marker of Cytotoxic Activity in Thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from Human Faecal Isolates, Poultry and Environmental Sources
Authors: Millar B. C. , McCarron M. , Murphy P. G. , Moore J. E. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryThe aim of this study was to employ a novel cytotoxicity assay based on primary porcine aortic endothelial cells in combination with a lactate dehydrogenase release assay to quantitatively determine differences in cytotoxin production between Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari and urease‐positive thermophilic campylobacters (UPTC), isolated from human faeces, animals and environmental sources. Campylobacter isolates totalling 34 and comprising of C. jejuni (n = 24) C. coli (n = 5) and UPTC (n = 4) and C. lari (n = 1) were analysed. The cytotoxic response ranged from 32.15 to 64.47% and 33.08 to 59.41%, for C. jejuni from chicken and human isolates, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in cytotoxic response between C. jejuni isolated from humans and chicken isolates (50.78% versus 50.55% cytotoxicity, respectively). However, there was a difference in response between C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chickens (50.78% versus 33.22% cytotoxicity, respectively). The greatest cytotoxic response was obtained with the UPTC group of organisms examined (n = 4 isolates) (mean cytotoxic response = 57.11% cytotoxicity. Employment of this cytotoxin assay may help identify virulent strains in poultry that could potentially proceed to cause clinical problems for humans and thus intervention measures targeted at the reduction or elimination of such specific strains, may be sought.
Equine Viral Arteritis in a Newborn Foal: Parallel Detection of the Virus by Immunohistochemistry, Polymerase Chain Reaction and Virus Isolation
Authors: Szeredi L. , Hornyák Á. , Dénes B. , Rusvai M. 
Published: July 2003

SummaryA 4‐days‐old foal died after a short course of respiratory syndrome and fever. Large areas of the alveoli, bronchioles and bronchi were partly or completely filled by hyaline membranes. Pronounced oedema and mild interstitial pneumonia were present and, in the small muscular arteries, fibrinoid necrosis and vasculitis or perivasculitis could be seen. Vasculitis was found in several other organs, and it was most severe in the thymus. The virus was detected in the lung, kidney and spleen using virus isolation and in the lung and spleen using polymerase chain reaction. The virus was also detected in several organs and cell types using both N protein‐specific monoclonal antibody and horseradish peroxidase‐labelled equine arteritis virus‐specific equine IgG.
Warts are not merely blemishes on the skin: A study on the morbidity associated with having viral cutaneous warts
Authors: Ciconte Antoinette , Campbell Jan , Tabrizi Sepehr , Garland Suzanne , Marks Robin 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYEighty‐five people aged 2–76 years with 250 common and plantar warts were followed prospectively for 9 months. The majority (57; 67%) had one to two warts. Of the 54 subjects who had a past history of warts, 41 (75.9%) had sought treatment for them. Twenty‐four (58.5%) said that treatment had been unsuccessful; 22 (53.7%) experienced pain during their treatment; 14 (34.1%) said that treatment had been inconvenient; nine (22%) required multiple treatments; and eight (19.5%) said the treatment resulted in the development of scars. The quality‐of‐life assessment related to their current warts revealed that 81.2% were moderately to extremely embarrassed by them; 70.5% were moderately to extremely concerned about negative appraisal by others for having them; 24.7% said that it was moderately to extremely difficult to play sport because of their warts. Moderate to severe discomfort from their warts occurred in 51.7% of people and 35.4% said they had moderate to severe pain. During the 9‐month study period, 27 (31.8%) of the participants had at least one wart regress spontaneously with 49 (19.6%) of the 254 warts regressing during that time. These data confirm the impression that a wart is not merely a blemish on the skin. Warts have the potential to cause considerable morbidity at times; this should be taken into account when a patient asks for treatment.
Three‐year retrospective review of superficial radiotherapy for skin conditions in a Perth radiotherapy unit
Authors: Thom Graham A , Heywood Janelle M , Cassidy Barry , Freund Jerry M 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYWestern Australia has only two superficial radiotherapy units, one of which is located at Fremantle Hospital, and run by the radiation oncologists of Perth Radiation Oncology Centre. A 3‐year retrospective review was undertaken of all patients who underwent treatment at this unit from 1999 to 2001. Patients were identified from the unit's log book, and data was collected from their files. For malignant skin conditions, 369 lesions were treated in 259 patients over the study period. The patients' median age was 76 years. A wide variety of conditions were treated, but the most common diagnoses were basal cell carcinoma (237 lesions) and squamous cell carcinoma (92 lesions), most commonly located in the head region. The most frequently used treatment schedule was 36 Gy in six fractions over a 3‐week period. Where radiotherapy was administered as primary treatment, the diagnoses had been biopsy‐proven in only 53% of cases. Fifty‐four patients underwent treatment of benign skin disease over the study period; most commonly keloid scars (41 patients) followed by warts (six patients). We conclude that superficial radiotherapy has a distinct role in dermatology, particularly for skin carcinomas around the nose and eyes, which cannot presently be superseded by electron beam therapy.
Compound tincture of benzoin: A common contact allergen?
Authors: Scardamaglia Laura , Nixon Rosemary , Fewings John 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYThe results of patch testing to compound tincture of benzoin in 477 patients performed at the Contact Dermatitis Clinic at the Skin and Cancer Foundation in Melbourne during 1999 are presented. There have been fewer than 30 reported cases of contact allergy from compound tincture of benzoin, and none in the last decade. Our results showed 45 out of the 477 patients had a positive reaction to compound tincture of benzoin, which was the third most common allergen in our series. Of these 45 patients, 14 had strong positive reactions, but only two definitely recalled exposure to compound tincture of benzoin and these were clinically relevant. Twenty‐eight of these patients had cross‐reactions to similar allergens (fragrance mix, balsam of Peru, colophony and tea tree oil). Of the 14 patients with a strong positive reaction to compound tincture of benzoin, 11 had at least one other positive cross‐reaction to the above allergens. This may explain the high frequency of reaction to compound tincture of benzoin found in our study.
Three patients with orbital xanthogranuloma and non‐progressive haematological abnormalities
Authors: Tang WK , Lee KC , Chong LY 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYOrbital xanthogranuloma is a rare dermatological condition characterized by its bilateral and rather symmetrical subcutaneous granulomatous infiltration around the eyes. It shares morphological similarities with other xanthogranulomatous diseases such as juvenile or adult type xanthogranuloma, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma and cutaneous infiltration in Erdheim–Chester disease, and should be differentiated from them. Three elderly Chinese patients with this condition were found to have underlying haematological abnormalities: normochromic normocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia or eosinophilia. Their skin lesions remained localized and associated haematological abnormalities stable for up to 7 years. Haematological abnormalities were also reported in previous cases and this finding is unlikely to be coincidental; however, its clinical significance remains unknown.
Rare association of xanthoma disseminatum with skeletal involvement
Authors: Khandpur Sujay , Manchanda Yashpal , Sharma Vinod K , Singh Manoj K , Tandon Nikhil 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYA ten‐year‐old boy presented with a 2.5‐year history of painful shoulder and hip joints, 1.5 years of yellow‐brown papules and plaques on the face, flexures and trunk, and 6 months of polyuria and polydipsia. Skin biopsy revealed histological and immunohistochemical features typical of xanthoma disseminatum. Lytic bone lesions were seen in the femur and pelvis and sclerotic changes in the humerus on X‐ray. Diabetes insipidus was also diagnosed
Erdheim–Chester disease
Authors: Opie Kimble M , Kaye Joey , Vinciullo Carl 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYA 38‐year‐old man presented with numerous dermal nodules, similar to xanthoma disseminatum, that were histologically consistent with his diagnosis of Erdheim–Chester disease, a non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Other cutaneous manifestations of this disease include eyelid xanthelasma, pretibial dermopathy and pigmented lesions of the lips and buccal mucosa. The histological diagnosis of Erdheim–Chester disease was originally made on the patient's retroperitoneal tissue, obtained at a laparotomy for surgical treatment of a presumed phaeochromocytoma, and confirmed by the pathognomonic long bone X‐ray findings of this disease.
Wells' syndrome following thiomersal‐containing vaccinations
Authors: Koh Karen J , Warren Lachlan , Moore Lynette , James Craig , Thompson Geoffrey N 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYA 3½‐year‐old boy presented on three occasions with painful, itchy, oedematous plaques on his limbs. On two occasions he had received hepatitis B vaccination 11–13 days previously, and on the third occasion received triple antigen (DTP) vaccination 10 days earlier. Skin biopsy revealed a prominent infiltrate of eosinophils involving the entire thickness of the dermis. In addition there were prominent ‘flame figures’ consisting of eosinophilic necrotic collagen surrounded by granular basophilic debris. The clinical and histological pictures were consistent with Wells' syndrome. The eruption settled on the second and third occasions with 0.1% mometasone furoate cream. Subsequent patch testing showed 2+ reaction to preservative thiomersal at 96 hours. This is the first description of Wells' syndrome with typical clinical and histopathological features associated with thiomersal in two different vaccines.
Hand, foot and mouth disease in an immunocompromised adult treated with aciclovir
Authors: Faulkner Catherine F , Godbolt Amanda M , DeAmbrosis Brian , Triscott Joe 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYA 27‐year‐old man, immunosuppressed from recent chemotherapy for metastatic Ewing's sarcoma, presented with a 1‐week history of a painful, pruritic, papulovesicular eruption on the hands and feet. A diagnosis of hand, foot and mouth disease was made based on histology, detection of Enterovirus ribonucleic acid by polymerase chain reaction on a swab from a vesicle, and a four‐fold increase in Enterovirus antibody levels. At no stage however, were there lesions in the mouth. Another unusual feature in this case was a prolonged course, presumably as a result of immunosuppression. After 3½ weeks he was commenced on oral aciclovir 200 mg five times daily, with subsequent resolution of all lesions within 5 days. There may be a role for systemic aciclovir in some patients with hand, foot and mouth disease.
Truncal lesions do not exclude a diagnosis of Gianotti–Crosti syndrome
Authors: Chuh Antonio AT 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYA boy aged 2 years and 10 months had a pruritic eruption and low‐grade fever for 1 week. Examination revealed discrete erythematous papules and papulovesicles on his buttocks and extensor surfaces of four limbs. Several papules were also present on his back. No lymphadenopathy and no hepatosplenomegaly were noted. Investigations failed to identify a single viral aetiology. Topical calamine lotion and a sedating oral antihistamine to be taken at night were prescribed. The truncal lesions subsided in 3 weeks. Complete remission of all lesions was seen after 6 weeks. Although most patients with Gianotti–Crosti syndrome only have the typical acrally distributed eruption, additional truncal lesions, if few in number, do not exclude the diagnosis.
Two cases of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis associated with parasitic infestations
Authors: Opie Kimble M , Heenan Peter J , Delaney Thomas A , Rohr James B 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYTwo patients presented with papular eruptions that could not be diagnosed clinically. Biopsies of these lesions showed eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF). Both cases were subsequently found to have infestations: one as a result of cutaneous larva migrans was successfully treated with ivermectin and the other caused by scabies mites was successfully treated with topical pyrethrin. The two cases of EPF presented emphasize the need for careful clinicopathological correlation to determine the cause.
Occupational contact dermatitis to hydrangea
Authors: Rademaker Marius 
Published: July 2003

SUMMARYTwo female commercial hydrangea growers, from separate nurseries, presented with similar hand and facial dermatitis. Both had a hand dermatitis affecting particularly the first three fingers and backs of both hands and complained of a recurrent facial dermatitis affecting the forehead, around both the eyes and bridge of nose. They related their dermatitis to their work. Patch tests confirmed allergy to all components of hydrangeas including petal, leaf and stem. Avoidance resulted in resolution of their dermatoses. Allergy to hydrangeas has been reported previously although infrequently.