bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing controlled release packaging through smart blending
Authors: LaCoste Amanda , Schaich Karen M. , Zumbrunnen David , Yam Kit L. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractResearchers from Rutgers University and Clemson University have collaborated to develop a concept of using smart blending to generate functional packaging films for the controlled release of active compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants and flavour compounds to extend the shelf‐life of food. In this paper, literature results are reviewed to justify the significance of controlled release packaging (CRP) and the research gaps for further development are identified. A major research gap is the lack of packaging materials that can provide the release of active compounds at rates suitable for a wide range of food packaging applications. Smart blending is a promising technology for bridging this research gap. To fully realize the potentials of smart blending, a systematic approach for developing CRP using smart blending is also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical study of the photochemical reaction mechanism of bicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐ene upon direct photolysis
Authors: Chen Yishan , Wang Yanxia , Ye Song 
Published: February 2005

AbstractAb initio multiconfigurational CASSCF/MP2 method with the 6‐31G* basis set has been employed in studying the photochemistry of bicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐ene upon direct photolysis. Our calculations involve the ground state (S0) and excited states (S1, T1, and T2). The ground‐state reaction pathways corresponding to the formation of the six products derived from bicyclo[4.1.0]hept‐2‐ene via two important diradical intermediates (D1 and D2) were mapped. It was found that there are various crossing points (conical intersections and singlet–triplet crossings) in the regions near D1 and D2. These crossing points imply that direct photolysis can lead to two possible radiationless relaxation routes: (1) S1 → S0, (2) S1 → T2 → T1 → S0. Computation indicates that the second route is not a competitive path with the first route during direct photolysis. The first route is initiated by barrierless cyclopropane bond cleavage to form two singlet excited diradical intermediates, followed by efficient decay to the ground‐state surface via three S1/S0 conical intersections in the regions near the diradical intermediates. All six ground‐state products can be formed via the three conical intersections almost without barrier after the decays. The barriers separating the diradical minima on S1 from the S1/S0 conical intersections were found to be very small with respect to the vertical excitation energy, which can explain why the product distribution is independent of excitation wavelength. Triplet surfaces are not involved in the first route, which agrees with the fact that the product contribution was unchanged by the addition of naphthalene. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Spectral efficiency of distributed MIMO code division multiple access systems over multipath fading channels
Authors: Ni Zhi , Li Daoben 
Published: February 2005

AbstractDistributed multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system is a new architecture for next generation wireless communication systems with distributed multiple antennas. In this paper, an uplink model for multiuser distributed MIMO systems with wideband code‐division multiple‐access (CDMA) technology is presented. We focus on the case where there is no channel state information at the transmitter, but channel state information is assumed at the receiver. The spectral efficiency of the uplink system with single‐user detectors at the base stations under multipath fading channels is investigated carefully. Two cases with different assumptions of interference knowledge are studied in detail. The spreading sequences of the CDMA systems are assumed to employ loosely synchronized (LS) spreading sequences and random spreading sequences respectively. LS spreading sequences exhibit a so‐called interference free window (IFW), where both the auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation of the codes become zero. Therefore LS sequences have the promise of mitigating the effects of inter symbol interference (ISI) and multiple access interference (MAI) in multipath fading channels. It is shown by numerical results that the uplink spectral efficiency of the distributed MIMO‐CDMA system using LS sequences can significantly outperform that of the system using random spreading sequences. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scalable multiple description coding and distributed video streaming in 3G mobile communications
Authors: Zheng Ruobin , Zhuang Weihua , Jiang Hai 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a distributed multimedia delivery mobile network for video streaming in 3rd generation (3G) mobile communications. The joint design of layered coding (LC) and multiple description coding (MDC) is employed to address the bandwidth fluctuations and packet loss problems in the wireless network and to further enhance the error resilience tools in MPEG‐4. A new Internet protocol (IP) differentiated services (DiffServ) video marking algorithm is presented to support an unequal error protection of the LC components. Both intra‐RAN (radio access network) handoff and inter‐RAN handoff procedures are discussed, which provide path diversity to combat streaming video outage due to handoff in the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). Computer simulation results demonstrate that: (1) the newly proposed IP DiffServ video marking algorithm is more suitable for video streaming in an IP mobile network as compared with the previously proposed algorithm, and (2) the proposed handoff procedures have better performance in terms of handoff latency, end‐to‐end delay and handoff scalability than that in UMTS. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of the bi‐orthogonal modulation for ultra‐wideband communication systems with multiple access interference
Authors: Morosi Simone , Fantacci Romano , Del Re Enrico , Goratti Leonardo 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThis paper investigates the use of bi‐orthogonal modulations in multiuser communication systems based on ultra wide band impulse radio (UWB‐IR) technology: the communication systems considered herein use Gaussian waveforms in AWGN channel and rely on the utilization of a time‐hopping spreading technique. A hybrid pulse modulation is defined, which is obtained by combining pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and pulse position modulation (PPM) techniques. Particularly, we have compared the bi‐orthogonal system performance to the classical orthogonal one, also in the condition of lack of a general synchronism, possibly caused by the presence of interfering users that belong to a separate network. Moreover, we have taken into account the use of an M‐ary alphabet, in the case of orthogonal and bi‐orthogonal modulation schemes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Duplexing, resource allocation and inter‐cell coordination: design recommendations for next generation wireless systems
Authors: Alexiou A. , Avidor D. , Bosch P. , Das S. , Gupta P. , Hochwald B. , Klein T. E. , Ling J. , Lozano A. , Marzetta T. L. , Mukherjee S. , Mullender S. , Papadias C. B. , Valenzuela R. A. , Viswanathan H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractCoexistence of different access technologies, hierarchical cellular deployment, a wide variety of data services, requirements for transparent operation across different technologies, adaptivity to varying network conditions and mobility and quality of service (QoS) constraints introduce a number of challenges in the design of future generation systems and the specification of new air interfaces, such as efficiency and flexibility in the utilization of spectrum, dynamic resource allocation and exploitation of the multiuser diversity and reconfigurable interference management and inter‐cell coordination. In this paper, three critical issues for the design of next generation systems are addressed: (i) duplexing, (ii) scheduling and resource allocation and (iii) interference and inter‐cell coordination. A number of research directions are presented, which constitute promising potential candidates for next generation systems specification. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thoracic duct cysts: A rare differential diagnosis
Authors: Gottwald Frank , Iro Heinrich , Finke Carsten , Zenk Johannes 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVECysts of the thoracic duct located in the supraclavicular region are uncommon. To date only 12 cases in this topographic area have been described in the literature. Between 1998 and 2002, 5 patients presented to our department with the primary symptom of a palpable soft left‐supracavicular swelling that could be displaced relative to adjacent structures.SETTINGIn each case, sonography showed a hypoechogenic, almost echo‐free, distinctly outlined polycyclic structure with distal echo enhancement at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein. All 5 patients underwent surgery, the cysts were extirpated, and the numerous communicating lymph vessels localized and meticulously ligated. Pathohistologic analysis of the milky, yellowish fluid obtained by intraoperative puncture confirmed the initial suspicion of a thoracic duct cyst in all patients.CONCLUSIONIn the case of left supraclavicular masses, the rare differential diagnosis of a thoracic duct cyst must be considered as a possibility. Sonography as the imaging method of choice is sufficient for primary diagnosis. In addition, a thorax x‐ray should be performed in order to exclude an intrathoracic involvement. Surgical extirpation marks the therapy of choice in treating such cysts.
Endoscopic CSF rhinorrhea closure: Our experience in 267 cases
Authors: Kirtane Milind V. , Gautham K. , Upadhyaya Shraddha R. 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVESThe advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have made it the procedure of choice for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR). To analyze the efficacy of endoscopic closure of CSFR was the objective of the present study.METHODSWe treated 267 patients with CSFR endo‐scopically. Diagnosis was achieved with the help of CT with or without cisternography, MRI, beta‐2 transferrin levels. Fascia lata and fat were used to plug the defects. The patients were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months.RESULTSCSFR was successfully plugged in 258 patients. Nine patients required revision surgery. Six could be plugged successfully endoscopically and 2 patients by a neurosurgical approach.CONCLUSIONSIn our experience with 267 patients of endoscopically treated CSFR, the results of achieving the closure was 96.63% in the first instance and 98.88% after revision surgery.SIGNIFICANCEThe transnasal endoscopic approach has excellent results in the treatment of CSFR. We recommend it as the optimum surgical approach for both primary and revisional surgical management of CSFR.
Curcumin: A new radio‐sensitizer of squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Khafif AVI , Hurst Robert , Kyker Kimberly , Fliss Dan M. , Gil ZIV , Medina Jesus E. 
Published: February 2005

PURPOSECurcumin, a potential chemopreventive agent, was found to inhibit cancer cells in S/G2M phases of the cell cycle, when radiation is more effective. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether curcumin can sensitize squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells to the ionizing effects of irradiation.METHODSCurcumin (3.5 μM) was added for 48 hours to an SCC cell line prior to irradiation. Cell growth (counts) and colony‐formation (colonogenic assay) were examined after radiation.RESULTSIncubation with curcumin only (3.75 μM) for 48 hours did not decrease the number of cells or the ability to form colonies in the absence of radiation. However, in plates that were exposed to 1–5 Gy of radiation, cell counts dropped significantly if pretreated with curcumin with a maximal effect at 2.5 Gy (where the cell counts dropped from 1240 to 1017, P < 0.001). The colonogenic assay revealed a significant decrease in the ability to form colonies following pretreatment with curcumin in all radiation doses (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSGiven the appropriate doses, curcumin exhibits radio‐sensitizing effects on SCC cells in vitro.
Trends in otolaryngology research during the period 1995‐2000: A bibliometric approach
Authors: Cimmino Marco A. , Tiziana Maio , Ugolini Donatella , Borasi Filippo , Mela Giuseppe S. 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the distribution and scope of papers published in the world in otolaryngology (ORL) journals and to compare the impact of this research among different countries.METHODSPapers published in the 29 ORL journals screened by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI, Philadelphia, PA, USA) in the 6‐year period 1995–2000 were considered. The journal impact factor (IF), the source country population, and gross domestic product (GDP) were recorded. All key words, both those assigned by the authors and those attributed by ISI, were identified and their frequency was calculated using a special‐purpose program.RESULTSThe total number of papers in the ORL literature during the period 1995–2000 increased from 2036 to 3705. A percentage varying between 47.7% (1995) and 36.1% (2000) was published by EU authors whereas the USA accounted for a percentage varying between 28.1% (1995) and 38.8% (2000). In 2000, the leading countries were the USA, the EU, Japan, Canada, and Australia. In Europe the UK (28.5% of papers), Germany (26.2%), Italy (7.2%), Sweden (5.8%), France (5.5%), and the Netherlands (4.9%) showed a very good performance trend. In the same year, the mean IF of EU papers was 0.8 in comparison with 1.1 for Australia and the USA and 0.9 for the world. In 1997, 1341 key words attributed by the authors and 696 attributed by ISI appeared in the ORL literature. Less than a tenth of them were cited more than twice. The leading key words were “cancer” for disease and “surgery” for treatment.CONCLUSIONSBibliometric findings are useful to follow research trends. Our data show high scientific production of relatively small countries. Dispersion of key words should be avoided and journal editors should promote their standardization.
Three‐layer repair of nasoseptal defects
Authors: Schultz‐Coulon Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: February 2005

PURPOSEThis article demonstrates technique and results of a 3‐layer repair of nasoseptal defects using bilateral bipedicled advancement flaps and an autogenous cartilage graft.METHODAfter an extensive bilateral elevation of the mucosa from the entire septum, the nasal dome and the nasal floor bipedicled advancement flaps are created. The mucosal defects are sutured and an autogenous cartilage graft is interposed between the sutured mucosal flaps.RESULTSUntil now this technique has been applied in 403 patients. The success rate (complete closure) was 92.5%. Thirty‐four patients redeveloped defects; 28 were <5 mm and did not cause complaints.CONCLUSIONResults show that the described technique is a most reliable method with the following advantages: 1 stage procedure, no visible scars, high success rate, and low complication rate. In case of an incomplete closure, the redeveloped defect will generally be considerably smaller than the original one and asymptomatic.
Evidence for a functional cardiac interaction between losartan and angiotensin‐(1–7) receptors revealed by orthostatic tilting test in rats
Authors: Matos de Moura Marina , Augusto Sousa dos Santos Robson , Antônio Peliky Fontes Marco 
Published: February 2005

Studies have shown that the angiotensin II (Ang II) AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, accentuates the orthostatic hypotensive response in anesthetized rats, and there is evidence indicating that this effect is not exclusively mediated by AT1 receptors.
We investigated whether the pronounced orthostatic cardiovascular response observed in losartan‐treated rats involves an interference with angiotensin‐(1–7) (Ang‐(1–7)) receptors.
Urethane‐anesthetized rats were submitted to orthostatic stress (90° head‐up tilt for 2 min). Intravenous injection of losartan (1 mg kg−1, n=9) significantly accentuated the decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by head‐up tilt (−33±6% after losartan vs −15±8% control tilt). This effect was accompanied by a significant bradycardia (−8±3% after losartan vs −3±3% control tilt). Another AT1 antagonist, candesartan, did not potentiate the decrease of MAP and did not change the cardiac response induced by head‐up tilt. Strikingly, administration of the Ang‐(1–7) antagonist, A‐779 (10 nmol kg−1, n=5), totally reversed the bradicardiac effect caused by losartan and this effect was accompanied by a tendency towards attenuation of the hypotensive response caused by losartan.
These findings indicate that the marked orthostatic cardiovascular response is specific for losartan, and that it may be due, in part, to an interaction of this antagonist with Ang‐(1–7) receptors, probably at the cardiac level.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 755–760. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706039
Activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor reduces bronchoconstriction and microvascular leakage in a rabbit model of gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: D'Agostino Bruno , Marrocco Giuseppina , De Nardo Marilisa , Calò Girolamo , Guerrini Remo , Gallelli Luca , Advenier Charles , Rossi Francesco 
Published: February 2005

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous peptide ligand for a specific G‐protein coupled receptor, the N/OFQ peptide receptor (NOP). The N/OFQ‐NOP receptor system has been reported to play an important role in pain, anxiety and appetite regulation. In airways, N/OFQ was found to inhibit the release of tachykinins and the bronchoconstriction and cough provoked by capsaicin.
Here we evaluated the effects of NOP receptor activation in bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage induced by intraesophageal (i.oe.) hydrochloric acid (HCl) instillation in rabbits. We also tested the effects of NOP receptor activation in SP‐induced plasma extravasation and bronchoconstriction.
In anesthetized New Zealand rabbits bronchopulmonary function (total lung resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn)) and airway microvascular leakage (extravasation of Evans blue dye) were evaluated.
Infusion of i.oe. HCl (1 N) led to a significant increase in bronchoconstriction and plasma extravasation in the main bronchi and trachea of rabbits pretreated with propranolol, atropine and phosphoramidon.
Bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage were inhibited by N/OFQ (3–30 μg kg−1 i.v.) in a dose‐dependent manner. The NOP receptor agonist [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ mimicked the inhibitory effect of N/OFQ, being 10‐fold more potent, UFP‐101, a peptide selective NOP receptor antagonist, blocked the inhibitory effects of both agonists.
Under the same experimental conditions, N/OFQ and [Arg14,Lys15]N/OFQ did not counteract the bronchoconstriction and airway microvascular leakage induced by substance P.
These results suggest that bronchoconstriction and airway plasma extravasation induced by i.oe. HCl instillation are inhibited by activation of prejunctional NOP receptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 813–820. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706066
An electrophysiological study of excitatory purinergic neuromuscular transmission in longitudinal smooth muscle of chicken anterior mesenteric artery
Authors: Khalifa Maisa , El‐Mahmoudy AbuBakr , Shiina Takahiko , Shimizu Yasutake , Nikami Hideki , El‐Sayed Mossad , Kobayashi Haruo , Takewaki Tadashi 
Published: February 2005

The object of the present study was to clarify the neurotransmitters controlling membrane responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the longitudinal smooth muscle cells of the chicken anterior mesenteric artery.
EFS (5 pulses at 20 Hz) evoked a depolarization of amplitude 19.7±2.1 mV, total duration 29.6±3.1 s and latency 413.0±67.8 ms. This depolarization was tetrodotoxin (TTX)‐sensitive and its amplitude was partially decreased by atropine (0.5 μM); however, its duration was shortened by further addition of prazosin (10 μM).
Atropine/prazosin‐resistant component was blocked by the nonspecific purinergic antagonist, suramin, in a dose‐dependent manner, indicating that this component is mediated by the neurotransmitter adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP).
Neither desensitization nor blocking of P2X receptor with its putative receptor agonist α,β‐methylene ATP (α,β‐MeATP, 1 μM) and its antagonist pyridoxalphosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonic (PPADS, up to 50 μM), had significant effect on the purinergic depolarization. In contrast, either desensitization or blocking of P2Y receptor with its putative agonist 2‐methylthioATP (2‐MeSATP, 1 μM) and its antagonist Cibacron blue F3GA (CBF3GA, 10 μM) abolished the purinergic depolarization, indicating that this response is mediated through P2Y but not P2X receptor.
The purinergic depolarization was inhibited by pertussis toxin (PTX, 600 ng ml−1). Furthermore, it was significantly inhibited by a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U‐73122 (10 μM), indicating that the receptors involved in mediating the purinergic depolarization are linked to a PTX‐sensitive G‐protein, which is involved in a PLC‐mediated signaling pathway.
Data of the present study suggest that the EFS‐induced excitatory membrane response occurring in the longitudinal smooth muscle of the chicken anterior mesenteric artery is mainly purinergic in nature and is mediated via P2Y purinoceptors.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 830–839. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706076
Vasotocin and vasopressin stimulation of the chloride secretion in the human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o‐
Authors: Bernard Karen , Bogliolo Stéphanie , Ehrenfeld Jordi 
Published: February 2005

Effects of neuropeptides of the vasopressin family on Cl− secretion have not yet been reported in lung. Using the 16HBE14o‐ bronchial epithelial cell line, we investigated their action on Cl− secretion.
In symmetrical Cl− solutions, basolateral application of arginine vasotocin (AVT), oxytocin or isotocin induced a transient Isc stimulation (Ipeak), whereas arginine vasopressin (AVP) did not. The effects of different Cl− channel blockers and of a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor suggest that CFTR is involved in Ipeak. The calcium‐activated K+ channel (SK4) and the Cl−/HCO−3 exchanger favor the driving force for AVT‐mediated Cl− secretion. The antagonists of V1a (SR49059)‐ and V1b (SSR149415)‐receptors blocked Ipeak, while SR121463B, a V2 receptor antagonist, did not. These results point to the stimulation of a V1‐like receptor mediating Ipeak and presenting an efficacy order, AVT>oxytocin>isotocin≫AVP.
When a serosal to mucosal Cl− gradient was applied, AVT and AVP both stimulated Isc according to a biphasic profile, Ipeak being followed by a plateau phase (Iplateau). The pharmacology of Iplateau suggests that CFTR channels are involved and that Na+/K+/2Cl− is the only transporter associated with Iplateau. dDAVP, a V2 receptor agonist‐induced Iplateau with the same potency as AVP, suggesting the involvement of V2 receptors in the AVP‐induced Iplateau. V2 receptors are present on both opposite membranes, while V1‐like receptors are mainly expressed on the basolateral membranes. RT–PCR experiments show the expression of V1a, V1b, V2 and vasopressin‐activated calcium‐mobilizing (VACM) receptors mRNAs.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2005) 144, 1037–1050. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706103