bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and location of post‐translational modifications on chromogranin B from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules
Authors: Gasnier Claire , Lugardon Karine , Ruh Olivier , Strub Jean‐Marc , Aunis Dominique , Metz‐Boutigue Marie‐Hélène 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBovine chromoganin B (CGB)/secretogranin I, an acidic protein with a sequence of 626 residues and an isoelectric point of 5.2 is a major member of the chromogranin/secretogranin (CG/Sg) family. The difference between the theoretical molecular mass (76 kDa) and the value estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results from post‐translational modifications (glycosylation, phosphorylation and sulfation) and from the abundance of acidic residues (D 4.6%, and E 16.5%). Although the sequence of CGB is known, the structural analyses of the post‐translational modifications have so far not been carried out. In the present study, using a combination of proteomic techniques including two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, Western blot, high‐performance liquid chromatography purification, enzymatic digestion, sequencing, carbohydrate analysis, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, we have located 18 post‐translational modifications on bovine CGB, isolated from adrenal medulla chromaffin granules. Furthermore, we have identified at the molecular level the presence of a mutation M/V on position 577 of natural CGB. All together these data reflect the complex structure of this protein marker of the neuroendocrine system.
Special Materials in Pyrotechnics: III. Application of Lithium and its Compounds in Energetic Systems
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe application of lithium and its compounds in energetic systems and the behaviour of lithium species in flames is reviewed. Both lithium metal and its compounds and alloys are versatile materials in either oxidizer, fuel and modifier applications for energetic systems. 116 references to the literature are given. For part II see Ref. [1].
Protection of androgen‐dependent human prostate cancer cells from oxidative stress‐induced DNA damage by overexpression of clusterin and its modulation by androgen
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Hara Isao , Gleave Martin E. , Eto Hiroshi 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent studies reported that oxidative stress is one of the major factors associated with the progression of prostate cancer through the accumulation of DNA damage. In the present study, we investigated the effect of oxidative stress on cell injury using androgen‐dependent human prostate cancer LNCaP cells overexpressing clusterin, which has been shown to play crucial roles in the acquisition of resistance to several apoptotic stimuli.METHODSWe introduced clusterin cDNA into LNCaP cells which do not express a detectable level of clusterin expression, and generated a clusterin‐overexpressing cell line (LNCaP/Cl) and a control vector only‐transfected cell line (LNCaP/Co). The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on the LNCaP sublines with and without the addition of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were analyzed using the in vitro mitogenic assay and lipid peroxidation assay, and morphological changes in the LNCaP sublines after H2O2 treatment were examined by staining with Hoechst 33258. The degrees of DNA damage induced by H2O2 into the LNCaP sublines were evaluated by the measurement of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) level.RESULTSH2O2‐induced apoptosis in LNCaP/Cl was significantly suppressed compared with that in LNCaP/Co through the inhibition of membrane damage; however, the measurement of 8‐OHdG level demonstrated that DNA damage was more intensively accumulated in LNCaP/Cl cells than LNCaP/Co cells. Furthermore, DHT suppressed the incidence of apoptotic cell death and enhanced the formation of 8‐OHdG in both LNCaP/Cl and LNCaP/Co cells after H2O2 treatment in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that clusterin may contribute to conferring resistance to oxidative stress‐mediated cellular injury on prostate cancer cells, especially in the presence of androgen. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epothilone induced cytotoxicity is dependent on p53 status in prostate cells
Authors: Ioffe Margarita L. , White Eileen , Nelson Deirdre A. , Dvorzhinski D. , DiPaola Robert S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpothilones are a promising class of drugs in clinical trials of prostate cancer that target the microtubules, similar to taxanes, and induce apoptosis in taxane resistant tumors. The tumor suppressor p53 is one important molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that in some studies predicted tumor sensitivity to paclitaxel. We hypothesized that epothilone induced cytotoxicity would be influenced by the status of p53 in prostate cells.METHODSLNCaP, DU145, and a transformed rat prostate (RP) epithelial cell line with a temperature sensitive mutant p53 (val 135) were studied for the effect of epothilone on cell viability, cell cycle, and cell cycle checkpoint proteins.RESULTSEpothilone had greater cytotoxicity in p53 mutant cancer cells compared to wild type cells. We confirmed our findings by creating a transformed RP epithelial cell line with a temperature sensitive mutant p53 (val 135). Using a tetrazolium (MTT) assay we found that epothilone (100 nM) decreased cell viability in RP cells by 90% with mutant p53 compared to 45% with wild type p53 (P < 0.01). Epothilone induced G2/M arrest in 50% of cells with mutant p53 compared to 25% with wild type p53 (P < 0.01). To begin to understand mechanism of epothilone induced G2/M arrest, we assessed cell cycle checkpoint proteins. We found that the effect to enhance G2/M cell cycle arrest was associated with dephosphorylation of cdc2 in both p53 wild type and p53 mutant RP cells.CONCLUSIONSThese results demonstrate that epothilone is more active against transformed prostate epithelial cells with mutant compared to wild type p53. Epothilone is capable of dephosphorylation of cdc2 in both p53 wild type and mutant cells, which is associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest. These data provide a basis for further study of p53, and the phosphorylation status of cdc‐2, as markers for epothilone sensitivity in clinical studies. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of glutamate analogs that activate the ON bipolar cell
metabotropic glutamate receptor in vertebrate retina
Authors: TIAN NING , SLAUGHTER MALCOLM M. 
Published: April 2004

There are errors in the chemical structures for Figure 1 as it was
originally printed. There should be a carbon atom between the
cyclopropyl ring and the phosphonate in both the trans cyclopropyl AP4
and the cis cyclopropyl AP4. Figure 1 is printed below as it should be.(article appeared in Visual Neuroscience (2003), 20,
231–240)
Patrick Blackett in India: military consultant and scientific intervenor, 1947-72. Part one
Authors: Anderson R.S 
Published: April 2004

Invited to lunch at the Nehru home in January 1947, Patrick Blackett was seated beside the acting Prime Minister. Jawaharlal Nehru knew of Blackett's experience in war and military affairs, and asked him how long it would take ‘to Indianize the military’, meaning both its command structure and its weapons production and supply. He was not yet the Prime Minister and India was not yet an independent nation. Blackett's reply was a challenging one, obliging Nehru to explore two different kinds of strategy and thus two different military set-ups. For the ‘realistic’ strategy Blackett preferred, he told Nehru that Indianization could be completed in 18 months; this would prepare India for conflict with other similar powers in the region. For the unrealistic strategy, in which India would prepare for conflict with major world powers, Blackett predicted it would take many, many years. Nehru liked his approach, and wrote to him soon afterwards to ask Blackett to advise him on military and scientific affairs. From this invitation much followed.
In this paper, the first of two about Patrick Blackett in India, I examine the record from his perspective upon his work with and for the military. He was regularly in touch with military development in India between 1947 and roughly 1965, advising the Chiefs of Staff, the Minister of Defence and the Prime Minister himself. He carried with him the experience and opinions generated from his military career beginning in the First World War, and most particularly his assumptions about the application of science to war from 1935 until he went to India in 1947. He kept informed about military development right through to his last journey to India in 1971, following the end of his term as President of the Royal Society.
Cross‐training Decisions in Field Services with Three Job Types and Server–Job Mismatch*
Authors: Agnihothri Saligrama R. , Mishra Ajay K. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTTo be cost‐effective, field service managers must balance the high cost of machine downtime with the high cost of cross‐training technicians in multiple skills. We study a field service system with three job types requiring three different skills. Each server has a primary skill, the cost of which is considered sunk, and up to two secondary skills, which is a managerial decision. We model two important characteristics that distinguish field services: server–job mismatch and the ratio of travel time to service time. We use a queueing framework and simulation to study three cross‐training decisions: the number of servers cross‐trained in secondary skills, the number of secondary skills each server should have, and the efficiency in each secondary skill. We find that complete cross‐training is cost‐effective in some field service situations. Typically, efficiency in secondary skills must be close to 100%, but when the probability of mismatch is high and the ratio of travel time to service time is high, efficiency in secondary skills must be less than 100%.
Neural Network Earnings per Share Forecasting Models: A Comparative Analysis of Alternative Methods
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cao Qing , Schniederjans Marc J. 
Published: April 2004

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a comparative analysis of the forecasting accuracy of univariate and multivariate linear models that incorporate fundamental accounting variables (i.e., inventory, accounts receivable, and so on) with the forecast accuracy of neural network models. Unique to this study is the focus of our comparison on the multivariate models to examine whether the neural network models incorporating the fundamental accounting variables can generate more accurate forecasts of future earnings than the models assuming a linear combination of these same variables. We investigate four types of models: univariate‐linear, multivariate‐linear, univariate‐neural network, and multivariate‐neural network using a sample of 283 firms spanning 41 industries. This study shows that the application of the neural network approach incorporating fundamental accounting variables results in forecasts that are more accurate than linear forecasting models. The results also reveal limitations of the forecasting capacity of investors in the security market when compared to neural network models.
Thermal biology of Typhlodromips montdorensis: implications for its introduction as a glasshouse biological control agent in the UK
Authors: Hatherly I. S. , Bale J. S. , Walters K. F. A. , Worland M. R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe recent unexpected local establishment of a non‐native predatory mite, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), in the UK prompted us to undertake this study, which investigated the thermal biology of an alien species Typhlodromips montdorensis (Schicha) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Laboratory and field experiments on its cold tolerance were used to assess its establishment potential outside of glasshouse environments in the UK. Currently, T. montdorensis is being tested as a glasshouse biological control agent against thrips and spider mites, but is not yet licensed for release in the UK. Typhlodromips montdorensis has a developmental threshold of between 10.3 and 10.7 °C, and a thermal budget of between 108.7 and 105.3 degree‐days when estimated by weighted and simple linear regression, respectively. Under outdoor conditions, T. montdorensis could theoretically complete up to six generations a year. The supercooling points of female and larval T. montdorensis were −22 to −24 °C with 100% pre‐freeze mortality apparent in both acute and chronic low temperature exposures. Typhlodromips montdorensis were unable to enter diapause under a selected laboratory regime. No reproduction occurred in the field from November to March, with 100% mortality within 7–14 days of release during this period. It is concluded that T. montdorensis would be a ‘safe candidate’ for introduction as a glasshouse biological control agent in the UK.
Regulation of the Escherichia coliσE‐dependent envelope stress response
Authors: Alba Benjamin M. , Gross Carol A. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryThe Escherichia coliσE‐dependent stress response pathway controls the expression of genes encoding periplasmic folding catalysts, proteases, biosynthesis enzymes for lipid A (a component of lipopolysaccharide or LPS) and other proteins known or predicted to function in or produce components of the envelope. When E. coli is subjected to heat or other stresses that generate unfolded envelope proteins, σE activity is induced. Four key players in this signal transduction pathway have been identified: RseA, an inner membrane σE antisigma factor; RseB, a periplasmic protein that binds to the periplasmic face of RseA; and the DegS and YaeL proteases. The major point of regulation, the interaction between σE and RseA, is primarily controlled by the stability of RseA. Envelope stress promotes RseA degradation, which occurs by a proteolytic cascade initiated by DegS. There is evidence that one σE‐inducing stress (OmpC overexpression) directly activates DegS to cleave RseA. Secondarily, envelope stress may relieve RseB‐mediated enhancement of RseA activity. Additional levels of control upon σE activity may become evident upon further study of this stress response pathway.
A novel enzyme, citryl‐CoA synthetase, catalysing the first step of the citrate cleavage reaction in Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK‐6
Authors: Aoshima Miho , Ishii Masaharu , Igarashi Yasuo 
Published: April 2004

SummaryWe attempted to purify ATP citrate lyase (ACL) from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus by following the citrate‐, ATP‐ and CoA‐dependent formation of an acyl‐CoA species that was detected as hydroxamate. However, citryl‐CoA rather than acetyl‐CoA was found, indicating that the purified enzyme was a novel citryl‐CoA synthetase (CCS) rather than ACL. Because the reaction catalysed by CCS corresponds to the first half of that mediated by ACL, CCS may be responsible for citrate cleavage in H. thermophilus. Thus, a novel citrate cleavage pathway, which does not involve ACL, appears to exist in this organism. Citryl‐CoA synthetase is composed of two different polypeptides: a large β subunit of 46 kDa and a small α subunit of 36 kDa. The corresponding genes were cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two subunits of CCS display significant similarity to those of succinyl‐CoA synthetase (SCS) in the database. As a comparison, SCS was also purified from H. thermophilus and the corresponding genes were cloned and sequenced. Citryl‐CoA synthetase and SCS were homologous, but showed different substrate specificity. The deduced amino acid sequences of the CCS subunits show similarity to part of the ACL sequence. The evolutionary relationship between CCS, SCS and ACL is discussed.
Stress‐directed adaptive mutations and evolution
Authors: Wright Barbara E. 
Published: April 2004

SummaryComparative biochemistry demonstrates that the metabolites, complex biochemical networks, enzymes and regulatory mechanisms essential to all living cells are conserved in amazing detail throughout evolution. Thus, in order to evolve, an organism must overcome new adverse conditions without creating different but equally dangerous alterations in its ongoing successful metabolic relationship with its environment. Evidence suggests that stable long‐term acquisitive evolution results from minor increases in mutation rates of genes related to a particular stress, with minimal disturbance to the balanced and resilient metabolism critical for responding to an unpredictable environment. Microorganisms have evolved specific biochemical feedback mechanisms that direct mutations to genes derepressed by starvation or other stressors in their environment. Transcription of the activated genes creates localized supercoiling and DNA secondary structures with unpaired bases vulnerable to mutation. The resulting mutants provide appropriate variants for selection by the stress involved, thus accelerating evolution with minimal random damage to the genome. This model has successfully predicted mutation frequencies in genes of E. coli and humans. Stressed cells observed in the laboratory over hundreds of generations accumulate mutations that also arise by this mechanism. When this occurs in repair‐deficient mutator strains with high rates of random mutation, the specific stress‐directed mutations are also enhanced.
Leaf beetle grazing does not induce willow trichome defence in the coppicing willow Salix viminalis
Authors: Dalin Peter , Björkman Christer , Eklund Karin 
Published: April 2004

Abstract  1 Willows are frequently attacked and defoliated by adult leaf beetles (Phratora vulgatissima L.) early in the season and the plants are then attacked again when new larvae emerge. The native willow Salix cinerea has previously been shown to respond to adult grazing by producing new leaves with an increased trichome density. Subsequent larval feeding was reduced on new leaves. This type of induced plant response may reduce insect damage and could potentially be utilized for plant protection in agricultural systems.2 Here, we investigated if the willow species most commonly used for biomass production in short rotation coppice, Salix viminalis, also responds to adult beetle grazing by increasing trichome density. Larval performance and feeding behaviour on plants previously exposed to adult beetles was compared with that on undefoliated control plants in a greenhouse.3 We found an overall decrease in trichome density within all the plants (i.e. trichome density was lower on new leaves compared to that for older basal leaves on S. viminalis). However, leaves of beetle defoliated plants had a higher trichome density compared to control plants. Larval growth and feeding was not affected by this difference between treatments. Larvae appeared to remove trichomes when feeding on S. viminalis, a behaviour that might explain the lack of difference between treatments.
Hylobius pine weevils adult host selection and antifeedants: feeding behaviour on host and non‐host woody scandinavian plants
Authors: Månsson Per E. , Schlyter Fredrik 
Published: April 2004

Abstract  1 We searched for antifeedant activity in predomonantly non‐host woody plants to find new compounds for seedling protection of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) against feeding by pine weevil Hylobius abietis. In total, 38 species from 25 families were compared in choice and no‐choice tests.2 In choice tests with Empetrum, Juniperus, Ledum, Populus, Betula, Evonymus, Sorbus, Salix, Myrica and Pinus, the weevils preferred Pinus to all others. In no‐choice tests with the same species, the insects removed a similar or even greater area of the bark in three of 10 species than Pinus. The results were clearly different between the test modes.3 In experiment 4, the areas of outer and inner bark (phloem) removed were quantified separately.The weevils removed significantly less of both outer and inner bark in Ilex, Evonymus, Populus, Syringa, Taxus, Tilia, Viburnum, Lonicera and Sorbus than Pinus.4 Large areas of outer bark were removed in Juglans, Fraxinus, Sambucus, Aesculus, Quercus, Corylus, Fagus, Salix, Alnus and Acer. However, in the latter cases the insects stopped when reaching the inner bark. Thus, certain plant species have the outer bark removed by the insects but possessed an inner bark with antifeedant qualities.
Worsening of soft tissue calcifications in a hemodialysis patient following parathyroidectomy
Authors: Butman Michael P , Goodman William 
Published: April 2004

AbstractHemodialysis patients with soft tissue calcifications present unique challenges to nephrologists who play an integral role in their long‐term management. Although disorders of soft tissue calcification are rare in the general population, calciphylaxis and tumoral calcinosis are encountered in up to 4% of the end‐stage renal disease population. Although they are both associated with the deposition of calcium in the soft tissue, they are distinct entities that differ markedly in respect to their clinical presentation, morbidity, and mortality. It is therefore exceedingly important that the nephrologist be aware of these disorders, be able to recognize them, and be able to differentiate them from each other to diagnose and treat patients appropriately. To achieve this it is necessary that the nephrologist be familiar with the diagnostic tools and the treatment modalities that are available. A case of a patient with soft tissue calcifications is presented followed by an overview of these disorders including a comparison of the clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and histologic findings, as well as treatment.
Remote monitoring in nocturnal home hemodialysis 2003
Authors: Hoy Christopher 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOver the past several years there has been growth in the number of dialysis units performing remote monitoring in nocturnal home hemodialysis, there has been growth in the technical options available for remote monitoring, and there have been more creative approaches to overcoming previous limitations. This article will review this growth and the diverse factors driving the innovations internationally.
Six years' experience with short daily hemodialysis: Do the early improvements persist in the mid and long term?
Authors: Traeger Jules , Galland Roula , Delawari Ehsan , Arkouche Walid , Hadden Richard 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObservational studies from several groups have shown consistent beneficial effects in patients treated with short daily hemodialysis (SDHD). The cardiovascular and nutritional changes appear during the first few months after the initiation of SDHD. An extensive review of 17 patients from a group of 36 ESRD patients treated for up to 6 years with SDHD was undertaken to compare the clinicobiologic results during the initial period of standard hemodialysis (3 × 4 hr/week) and the short daily hemodialysis period at 1 year (SDHD1) and subsequent years (SDHD2). The statistical analysis of the clinicobiologic data clearly shows that the initial favorable results obtained during the first year of SDHD do persist in the mid and long term, which shows the more physiologic nature of this dialytic approach. The amelioration of left ventricular hypertrophy is of particular interest, showing a regression of ventricular dilation during the first year followed by a reduction of interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness during the subsequent years.