bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of tidal friction on the motion of lithospheric plates and earthquake activity
Authors: Fodor Csilla , Varga Péter , Sneeuw Nico 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper draws attention to the contribution of tidal friction (TF) to plate tectonic processes. Our proposed model supports recent geodetic observations and geodynamic models highlighting exogenous local contributions to plate motions. The TF has a westward effect on lithospheric plates and the lithosphere as a whole. To determine the extent of this effect, we use the asthenospheric viscosity estimated using the Eötvös force. We also show that TF has a detectable impact on the latitudinal distribution of earthquake activity.
Elopement: Evidence‐based mitigation and management
Authors: Marlett Janice E. , Vacovsky Brooke A. , Krug Elizabeth A. , Ha‐Johnson Tina M. , Hill Stacy A. Fisher 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundElopement jeopardizes patient safety, affects the hospital's reputation, and results in financial ramifications. In an academic community hospital, executive leadership approached a team of nurse leaders for expertise following the elopement of a vulnerable patient.Aim of the InitiativeThe team's goal was to identify evidence‐based strategies to mitigate future elopement events. Following an extensive literature review and gap analysis, the organization recognized opportunities pertaining to elopement management, including patient assessment, prevention strategies, and facility‐wide response when events occur. The nurse leader team thoroughly searched current literature to answer the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (i.e., PICO) questions of interest. Following a critical appraisal of 55 articles, 26 were utilized to make practice change recommendations. The body of evidence included a variety of age groups and diagnoses.Implementation PlanAfter the synthesis of the literature, the team provided recommendations to the organization. These recommendations included the assessment of patient‐specific risks and the implementation of elopement prevention measures as fundamental elements for incidence reduction. The team partnered with multidisciplinary stakeholders for the revision of policies, processes, and electronic medical record documentation.OutcomesThe organization monitored elopement events and the duration of each event throughout the phases of implementation. Pre‐implementation data, collected from January to June 2021, demonstrated 34 individual elopement cases lasting an average of 118 min each. In comparison, post‐implementation data collected during the same time frame in 2022 found only 12 events lasting an average of 24 min each.Implications for PracticeThe organization implemented evidence‐based recommendations to standardize the facility's approach to elopement. With structured assessment, precautions, and response, the organization demonstrated a notable decline in the number and duration of elopement events. Hardwiring processes, analyzing data, and adjusting expectations within an evidence‐based framework should assist the organization's drive to further enhance patient safety surrounding elopement events.
Scalar‐valued depth two Eichler–Shimura integrals of cusp forms
Authors: Magnusson Tobias , Raum Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGiven cusp forms and of integral weight , the depth two holomorphic iterated Eichler–Shimura integral is defined by , where is the Eichler integral of and are formal variables. We provide an explicit vector‐valued modular form whose top components are given by . We show that this vector‐valued modular form gives rise to a scalar‐valued iterated Eichler integral of depth two, denoted by , that can be seen as a higher depth generalization of the scalar‐valued Eichler integral of depth one. As an aside, our argument provides an alternative explanation of an orthogonality relation satisfied by period polynomials originally due to Paşol–Popa. We show that can be expressed in terms of sums of products of components of vector‐valued Eisenstein series with classical modular forms after multiplication with a suitable power of the discriminant modular form . This allows for effective computation of .
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Flexible Planar Three-Link Mechanism Using Joint and Piezoelectric Actuators
Authors: Hill Daniel E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a new method of controlling the end effector position and orientation of a flexible planar three-link mechanism. The coupled dynamic model was formulated using a method based on the Udwadia–Kalaba equations of motion for constrained systems. Lyapunov's theory was used to develop a nonlinear control law using piezoelectric actuators and the unconstrained link dynamic models. Numerical simulation was used to demonstrate the system tracking performance of the end effector using a reduced order controller applied to a higher order truth dynamic model.
Vapor Cloud Behavior of Heavier-Than-Air Hydrocarbon Liquid Evaporating From a Microliter Volume Heated Well Cavity
Authors: Shukla Digvijay , Panigrahi Pradipta Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Detailed characterization of the vapor cloud above a well or reservoir is not available in literature irrespective of its several practical importance. This study aims to understand the vapor cloud characteristics and vapor phase transport of a heavier-than-air vapor cloud evaporating from a heated microliter circular reservoir. Evaporation of a heavy hydrocarbon (cyclohexane) and a comparatively lighter fluid (ethanol) is studied. Digital holographic interferometry has been used for the characterization of vapor cloud. Gravimetric analysis is used for measurement of evaporation rate from the reservoir. A flat disk-shaped vapor cloud is observed in both heated and nonheated reservoir cases. This is attributed to the presence of radial outward natural convection. The evaporation rate is underpredicted by the diffusion model at a higher Grashof number, i.e., for well heating. Solutal convection dominates near the interface region and thermal convection effect increases in the region away from the liquid–vapor interface. The mole fraction profile depends on the relative strength of the thermal and solutal Grashof number. Thermal convection effect is stronger in lighter vapor of ethanol compared to that of cyclohexane. Overall, this study shows dominance of solutal convection on the vapor cloud characteristics above both heated and unheated reservoir.
Numerical Investigations of Near Surge Operating Conditions in a Two-Stage Radial Compressor With Refrigerant Gas
Authors: Cravero Carlo , Marsano Davide , Sishtla Vishnu , Halbe Chaitanya , Cousins William T. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Modern compressor design targets require high performance and a wide operating range in order to reduce the environmental impact. To understand the fluid dynamics mechanisms that trigger instability, studying the system at the stability limit is required. In this work, a two-stage back-to-back centrifugal compressor for refrigerant applications has been simulated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques using unsteady calculations in different operating points close to surge. These models have been validated by comparing numerical performance with experimental data. An in-depth fluid dynamics analysis combined with the monitoring of several pressure signals, postprocessed with FFT, identified different flow phenomena in the two stages toward the surge limit. The key role of the volute that induces a stronger upstream counterpressure in the first stage has been highlighted. This effect causes the formation of high entropy (low momentum) rotating cells in the diffuser that involve a higher channel portion with respect to the flow structure in the second diffuser. This phenomenon affects the upstream flow conditions at the impeller. In addition, the interaction between the inlet guide vane (IGV) and the inducer has been analyzed, observing that in the second stage, due to the flow nonuniformity after the intermediate compressor pipe, non-negligible separations occur. Starting from the peaks detected in the FFT analysis of the pressure signals, all the above flow mechanisms have been detected and discussed.
A Study on Quantities Driving Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul for Hybrid-Electric Aeroengines
Authors: Schuchard Lukas , Bień Maximilian , Ziaja Karl , Blanken Norman , Göing Jan , Friedrichs Jens , di Mare Francesca , Ponick Bernd , Mailach Ronald 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Hybrid-electric propulsion for commercial aircraft is currently a key industry interest. Consequently, publications on its design and performance estimation are manifold. However, models addressing characteristics of maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) are virtually unavailable—even though direct maintenance costs (DMC) represent a significant part of direct operating costs (DOC) in commercial aviation. Detailed analysis of hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion degradation and maintenance scenarios must integrate both methods of sizing and design as well as operational factors for conventional and electric subsystems, as operator-specific utilization strongly influences MRO. Accordingly, a holistic engine analysis model is currently being developed using the example of an Airbus A320 aircraft, taking into account flight mission, engine performance, degradation, and MRO. This paper presents an implementation of hybridization into the gas turbine thermodynamic cycle calculation for parallel hybrid-electric (PHE) engine architectures with 2 and 5 MW electric motors, and the approach necessary for resizing hybridized gas turbine components. Turbomachinery loading throughout representative short-haul missions is analyzed for conventional and hybrid-electric configurations based on the V2500 high-bypass turbofan engine, whereby unknown or uncertain boundary conditions are considered in a probabilistic sensitivity study. As a result, MRO-driving quantities such as engine performance parameters, atmospheric conditions, and ingested aerosols can be compared. The findings suggest that DMC related to the gas turbine may be considerably lowered through hybridization, as it allows for reduced peak temperatures and more uniform gas turbine operation. However, these gains are at least partially offset by additional components' DMC. For electrical machines, bearings and the stator winding insulation are life-limiting, where the latter becomes increasingly dominant for higher power densities associated with high current densities and copper losses. Thermo-mechanical stresses are considered as driving mechanisms in power electronic systems degradation. Consequently, powerful lightweight machines must be balanced against tolerable thermal and electrical loads to achieve suitable service life.
Improving a Centrifugal Compressor's Performance at Low Mass Flow Rates by Adding an Acoustic Resonator
Authors: Renz Andreas , Bär Katharina , Becker Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Acoustic resonators are widely used to dampen the sound radiation of centrifugal compressors of automobile turbochargers. Their advantages are simplicity, robustness, ease of integration, and acoustic tunability. Interestingly, some resonators mounted to the inlet side improved compressor performance at low mass flow rates significantly. In this paper, this phenomenon was investigated experimentally by an extensive study of resonator geometries on a turbocharger test rig and numerically by uRANSs of selected compressor resonator configurations near the surge limit. A detailed description is given on how the resonator can limit the disturbance of the incoming flow and improve the impeller's operating conditions by ingesting the backflow coming from the blade tips. The backflow's kinetic energy and angular momentum are greatly reduced inside the resonator before the fluid flows back into the inlet duct. Concluding, design guidelines for a resonator geometry, which improve performance as an addition to its acoustic properties, are shared.
Determination of Cetane Numbers Via Chemical Kinetic Mechanism
Authors: Schmidt Marleen , Schlichting Samuel , Melder Jens , Methling Torsten , Köhler Markus , Huber Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Minimizing global warming is a major task of todays' society. For air transport, sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) produced from renewable sources are a promising key solution. While electric flight is intriguing for short distances, SAF are required for mid- and long-distance flights and in addition, enable fuel design strategies to minimize environmental effects. The qualification and approval for SAF are standardized in the ASTM D4054, which include fuel properties as an essential part. Among others, lean blow-out (LBO) limits are a key performance parameter. The experimental determination of LBO is very time-consuming and cost-effective. The LBO of a specified engine is highly dependent on the fuel properties affecting evaporation, mixing, and ignitability. Therefore, prediction tools are desired to identify early promising SAF for decreasing the certification cost. Due to the correlation between LBO and derived cetane numbers (DCN), a tool for the prediction of the DCN is presented in this study. The DCN model uses chemical kinetic ignition delay time (IDT), simulated in a constant volume combustion chamber based on the ASTM D6890 standard, and seven representative physical properties of a fuel. A high agreement of the predicted DCN to the literature DCN with root-mean-square errors of 4.7 and correlation coefficients of 0.95 was found.
An Updated Panorama of Blood-Flow-Restriction Methods
Authors: Scott Brendan R. , Girard Olivier , Rolnick Nicholas , McKee James R. , Goods Paul S.R. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Exercise with blood-flow restriction (BFR) is being increasingly used by practitioners working with athletic and clinical populations alike. Most early research combined BFR with low-load resistance training and consistently reported increased muscle size and strength without requiring the heavier loads that are traditionally used for unrestricted resistance training. However, this field has evolved with several different active and passive BFR methods emerging in recent research. Purpose: This commentary aims to synthesize the evolving BFR methods for cohorts ranging from healthy athletes to clinical or load-compromised populations. In addition, real-world considerations for practitioners are highlighted, along with areas requiring further research. Conclusions: The BFR literature now incorporates several active and passive methods, reflecting a growing implementation of BFR in sport and allied health fields. In addition to low-load resistance training, BFR is being combined with high-load resistance exercise, aerobic and anaerobic energy systems training of varying intensities, and sport-specific activities. BFR is also being applied passively in the absence of physical activity during periods of muscle disuse or rehabilitation or prior to exercise as a preconditioning or performance-enhancement technique. These various methods have been reported to improve muscular development; cardiorespiratory fitness; functional capacities; tendon, bone, and vascular adaptations; and physical and sport-specific performance and to reduce pain sensations. However, in emerging BFR fields, many unanswered questions remain to refine best practice.
Globalisation of industry-sponsored clinical trials for breast, lung and colon cancer research: trends, threats and opportunities
Authors: Payedimarri Anil Babu , Mouhssine Samir , Aljadeeah Saleh , Gaidano Gianluca , Ravinetto Raffaella 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveBreast, lung, colon cancers are the ‘big killers’ in oncology. Access to innovative treatments lags behind in low-income and middle-income countries. We investigated the geographic distribution of industry-sponsored trials; and whether results were reported in clinical trial registries.Methods and analysisWe conducted a search in ClinicalTrials.gov by: (i) study type: interventional; (ii) condition: breast, lung, colon cancer; (iii) phases: I–IV; (iv) funder: industry. Trials registered as of 30 June 2018 were extracted; for completed trials, a second extraction was performed on 30 September 2022.ResultsWe included 4177 trials. Phase I–IV trials involving only high-income countries were 3254/4177 (77.9%), while 923/4177 (22.1%) trials included at least one site in middle-income countries (MICs). Most phase III trials (416/688; 60.5%) involved MICs, including only lower MICs (6/416, 1.4%), only upper MICs (225/416, 54.1%) and lower and upper MICs (185/416, 44.5%). Phase IV trials involved MICs in 45/89 (50.6%) cases. Phase I and II trials included MICs in smaller proportions (72/950, 7.6% and 390/2450, 15.9%, respectively). No trials were run in low-income countries (LICs). Among completed trials, 430 out of 1854 (23.2%) involved MICs. Results had not been entered in the registry in 63.4% (1176/1854) of trials overall and 49.5% (213/430) of trials involving MICs.ConclusionTrials for breast, lung and colon cancers are increasingly delocalised to countries likely unable to get access to innovative medicines. Furthermore, LICs are not hosting any industry-sponsored trials. Measures are needed to ensure benefit-sharing for trials countries; to improve transparency and to stimulate research addressing the needs of LICs.
Fungal dysbiosis and decreased tear mucin at the conjunctiva in patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors: Asao Kazunobu , Hashida Noriyasu , Motooka Daisuke , Tsukamoto Teruhisa , Nakamura Shota , Maruyama Kazuichi , Nishida Kohji 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the differences in the fungal microbiome between patients with conjunctival mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and healthy controls using metagenomic analysis.Methods and analysisThis case-control study was conducted at Osaka University Hospital in Osaka, Japan, from April 2015 to March 2022. Twenty-five consecutive patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma and 25 healthy volunteers were included. Metagenomic analysis using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)1 deep sequencing and hierarchical clustering was performed to investigate differences in the fungal microbiome. To assess tear environmental change, we measured tear mucin concentrations using ELISA.ResultsDetailed analyses showed fungal dysbiosis and changes in β-diversity within the conjunctiva of patients with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Hierarchical clustering revealed that the participants could be divided into three clusters according to theMalasseziaabundance: cluster I (Malasseziaabundance above 70%), cluster II (Malasseziaabundance 25%–70%) and cluster II (Malasseziaabundance below 25%). Most patients were included in cluster I, whereas most of healthy controls were included in cluster III. The differences were significant. Tear mucin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with MALT compared with healthy controls.ConclusionThe metagenomic analysis using ITS1 deep sequencing was useful for identifying the differences in commensal fungi between patients with MALT lymphoma and healthy individuals. The increased prevalence of theMalasseziagenus and the decreased levels of tear mucin can lead to an allergic response of the conjunctiva, resulting in the pathogenesis associated with conjunctival MALT lymphoma. Therefore, it may be beneficial to initiate treatment when a high abundanceMalasseziais detected.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 mutation attenuates response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic urothelial carcinoma by driving immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: Song Yuxuan , Peng Yun , Qin Caipeng , Wang Yulong , Yang Wenbo , Du Yiqing , Xu Tao 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy holds promise in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC). Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation drives T-cell-depleted microenvironment in UC, which led to the hypothesis that FGFR3 mutation might attenuate response to ICB in patients with metastatic UC. The study aims to compare prognosis and response between patients with FGFR3-mutated and FGFR3-wildtype metastatic UC after ICB therapy, and decode the potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsBased on the single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 trial, IMvigor210, we conducted a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis. After a 1:1 ratio PSM method, 39 patients with FGFR3-mutated and 39 FGFR3-wildtype metastatic UC treated with atezolizumab were enrolled. A meta-analysis through systematical database retrieval was conducted for validation. In addition, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on three FGFR3-mutated and three FGFR3-wildtype UC tumors and analyzed 58,069 single cells.ResultsThe PSM analysis indicated FGFR3-mutated patients had worse overall survival (OS) in comparison to FGFR3-wildtype patients (HR=2.11, 95% CI=(1.16 to 3.85), p=0.015) receiving atezolizumab. The median OS was 9.2 months (FGFR3-mutated) versus 21.0 months (FGFR3-wildtype). FGFR3-mutated patients had lower disease control rate than FGFR3-wildtype patients (41.0% vs 66.7%, p=0.023). The meta-analysis involving 938 patients with metastatic UC confirmed FGFR3 mutation was associated with worse OS after ICB (HR=1.28, 95% CI=(1.04 to 1.59), p=0.02). Single-cell RNA transcriptome analysis identified FGFR3-mutated UC carried a stronger immunosuppressive microenvironment compared with FGFR3-wildtype UC. FGFR3-mutated UC exhibited less immune infiltration, and lower T-cell cytotoxicity. Higher TREM2+ macrophage abundance in FGFR3-mutated UC can undermine and suppress the T cells, potentially contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Lower inflammatory-cancer-associated fibroblasts in FGFR3-mutated UC recruited less chemokines in antitumor immunity but expressed growth factors to promote FGFR3-mutated malignant cell development. FGFR3-mutated UC carried abundance of malignant cells characterized by high hypoxia/metabolism and low interferon response phenotype.ConclusionsFGFR3 mutation can attenuate prognosis and response to ICB in patients with metastatic UC. FGFR3-mutated UC carries a stronger immunosuppressive microenvironment in comparison with FGFR3-wildtype UC. Inhibition of FGFR3 might activate the immune microenvironment, and the combination of FGFR inhibitor targeted therapy and ICB might be a promising therapeutic regimen in metastatic UC, providing important implications for UC clinical management.