bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF AN IN‐LINE RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION METHOD TO CHEMICALLY MODIFIED AND NATIVE CORN STARCH
Authors: DOGAN NIHAN , MCCARTHY MICHAEL J. , POWELL ROBERT L. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The application of an in‐line ultrasonics‐based rheological characterization method for measuring the rheological properties of 6% (w/v) acid‐thinned and native corn starch suspensions and gels was studied. The measurements were performed in steady, laminar pipe flow using a 5 MHz frequency transducer to determine the radial shear rate distribution. Two pressure transducers were used to measure the pressure drop allowing the shear stress distribution to be calculated through the conservation of linear momentum. It was possible to obtain shear viscosity over a range of shear rates, 1–50 1/s, from a single velocity profile. A comparison of the shear viscosity function at different flow rates showed that this method could be a valid method of process rheometry during the manufacturing of starch‐based products. Both ultrasonics and rotational rheometry results showed that acid‐thinned and native corn starch suspensions exhibited Newtonian behavior before heat treatment and non‐Newtonian behavior after heating. Power law consistency index and flow behavior index of the acid‐thinned corn starch gel at 39°C were 0.60 Pa.s

0.68

and 0.68, respectively; whereas those of the native corn starch were 5.90 Pa.s

0.37

and 0.37 at 38C. Their consistency index increased and flow behavior index decreased with cooling and a thermoreversible change in the flow behavior index was observed in the native corn starch after storage.
PERCEPTION OF TEXTURE AND FLAVOR IN SOUPS BY ELDERLY AND YOUNG SUBJECTS
Authors: KREMER STEFANIE , MOJET JOS , KROEZE JAN H.A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The perception of texture and flavor and their interaction effects in white cream soups were studied in 12 young subjects (18–29 years) and 15 elderly subjects (60–84 years). Eight soup samples (2 × 2 × 2 factorial design) were prepared with or without potato starch, with or without mushroom flavor and with water or with milk. The elderly were less sensitive to changes in the flavor profile of the soups than the young, and their perception of creaminess was reduced. Solvent by flavor interaction effects were independent of age, whereas texture by flavor interaction effects were age specific. Besides the intensities of flavor and texture attributes, pleasantness was also assessed. No indication was found that the contribution of texture and flavor to food appreciation was different for the young and for the elderly in the current study. This study supports the assumption that age‐related differences in product perception exist.
RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR AND TIME‐DEPENDENT CHARACTERIZATION OF ICE CREAM MIX WITH DIFFERENT SALEP CONTENT
Authors: KUŞ S. , ALTAN A. , KAYA A. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The effect of salep concentration on the rheological characteristics of ice cream mixes (0.5–1.5% salep content), prepared from nonfat cow's milk and sugar, was studied using a controlled stress rheometer. The flow curves and time‐dependent flow properties of the ice cream mixes were assessed at different temperatures. The ice cream mixes’ samples showed slightly thixotropic behavior, which was reduced as the salep content decreased. The forward and backward measurements of the flow curves of ice cream mixes were modeled with the power law model. The ice cream mixes showed pseudoplastic flow behavior after destruction of the thixotropic structure. In mixes that were first presheared at a high shear rate flow properties could also be described by the power law model. The second‐order structural kinetic, first‐order stress decay and Weltman models were applied to model the time‐dependent flow properties of the ice cream mixes. Among these, the first‐order stress decay model was found to fit well the experimental data.
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF OIL‐IN‐WATER EMULSIONS FORMED WITH MILK PROTEIN CONCENTRATE
Authors: HEMAR Y. , HALL C.E. , SINGH H. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The rheology and the microstructure of emulsions stabilized with milk protein concentrate (MPC) were investigated using different MPC and oil concentrations. Steady‐shear tests showed that the emulsions were Newtonian at low oil concentrations (<20 wt%), whereas they were pseudoplastic and thixotropic at high oil concentrations (>20 wt%). Dynamic rheological measurements demonstrated that these emulsions behaved as weak gels, as indicated by relatively high values of G′ to G″. The rheological behavior of these emulsions was consistent with bridging flocculation mechanisms, whereby more than one droplet is shared by adsorbed casein aggregates/micelles. This was confirmed by confocal microscopy, which showed that these emulsions were aggregated.
CONTRIBUTION OF GLYCEROL, ETHANOL AND SUGAR TO THE PERCEPTION OF VISCOSITY AND DENSITY ELICITED BY MODEL WHITE WINES
Authors: NURGEL CANAN , PICKERING GARY 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACTThe contribution of glycerol, ethanol and sugar to the perception of viscosity and density of model wine (MW) solutions was examined. In study 1, the effects of individual components on perceived viscosity (PV) and perceived density (PD) were studied using 5, 20 or 50 g/L glycerol; 3, 7 or 15% v/v ethanol and 0, 80, 150 or 250 g/L sugar concentrations. In study 2, model ice wine mixtures of 8, 10 or 12% ethanol and 150, 250 or 300 g/L sugar were assessed for PV and PD. The physical viscosity and density of the MWs were also measured in both studies. Across the range of concentrations investigated, sugar influences the perception of viscosity and density the most, ethanol has a moderate effect and the contribution of glycerol is nominal. In model ice wine solutions, PV and PD increased with sugar concentration, but were minimally affected by changes in ethanol concentration. The PV elicited by the model ice wine solutions was well described by a linear model using physical viscosity as the independent variable (r: 0.907). This information may be useful for predicting the sensory properties of the ice wine for quality control purposes.
MICROSTRUCTURE OF BOILED YAM (DIOSCOREA SPP.) AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR ASSESSMENT OF TEXTURAL QUALITY
Authors: OTEGBAYO BOLANLE , AINA JOHNSON , ASIEDU ROBERT , BOKANGA MPOKO 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT The effects of boiling on the microstructure of yams and their association with the textural quality of “boiled yam,” arguably the most common food product from yams, were studied using six varieties with variable cooking qualities from each of the two species, Dioscorea alata L. and D. rotundata Poir. Histological studies on raw yams showed parenchyma cells of both species to be three‐dimensional and polyhedral in shape, with starch granules loosely arranged in D. rotundata but densely packed in D. alata. Generally, there was cell separation and rounding off of cells in cooked yams of D. rotundata varieties, whereas cell separation was only partial with no rounding off in D. alata. Mealy boiled yams showed complete cell separation and the “rounding off” phenomenon, whereas the waxy ones showed partial retention of textural cell integrity. These relative changes in microstructure of yam when boiled could serve as indicators of textural quality in boiled yam.
RHEOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF FORTIFIED YOGURT, WITH FIBER AND CALCIUM
Authors: APORTELA‐PALACIOS A. , SOSA‐MORALES M.E. , VÉLEZ‐RUIZ J.F. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT Yogurt systems were prepared from whole milk, adding 50 mg of calcium/100 mL of yogurt, and three levels of fiber from two wheat‐bran sources. In comparison with a plain yogurt, the presence of fiber and calcium augmented the consistency, diminished the syneresis and the pH was higher. Fiber increased the consistency, and all the formulated samples exhibited a non‐Newtonian response. During 3 weeks of storage time, the consistency reduced (from 2.0 to 0.32 Pa·s

n

), syneresis increased (from 20 to 48%) and pH decreased (from 4.5 to 4.2) as a function of the system formulation.
Mutagenesis Analysis of a Conserved Region Involved in Acetyl Coenzyme A Binding in the Aminoglycoside 6′-
N
-Acetyltransferase Type Ib Encoded by Plasmid pJHCMW1
Authors: Pourreza Atousa , Witherspoon Mavee , Fox Jessica , Newmark Jason , Bui Duyen , Tolmasky Marcelo E. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

Alanine scanning of motif A in the pJHCMW1-encoded aminoglycoside 6′-
N
-acetyltransferase type Ib identified amino acids important for the ability of the enzyme to confer wild-type levels of resistance to kanamycin and amikacin. The replacement of two amino acids, D117 or L120, with alanine residues resulted in complete loss of the resistance phenotype.
Association between Resistance to Erythromycin and the Presence of the Fibronectin Binding Protein F1 Gene,
prtF1
, in
Streptococcus pyogenes
Isolates from German Pediatric Patients
Authors: Haller Maria , Fluegge Kirsten , Arri Sandra Jasminder , Adams Brit , Berner Reinhard 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

A total of 301 German pediatric group A streptococcus isolates were screened for the presence of macrolide resistance and the fibronectin binding protein F1 gene (
prtF1
) encoding an adhesin and cell invasiveness protein. The
prtF1
gene was present significantly more often among macrolide-resistant isolates. The majority of these were not clonally related.
In Vitro Activity of an Oral Streptogramin Antimicrobial, XRP2868, against Gram-Positive Bacteria
Authors: Eliopoulos G. M. , Ferraro M. J. , Wennersten C. B. , Moellering R. C. 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT

The comparative in vitro potency of XRP2868, a new oral semisynthetic streptogramin antibiotic, was evaluated against gram-positive bacteria. XRP2868 inhibited all staphylococci at ≤1 μg/ml and all nonpneumococcal streptococci at ≤0.25 μg/ml and was fourfold more potent than quinupristin-dalfopristin against
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Enterococcus faecium
.
Cooperative Uptake of Microcin E492 by Receptors FepA, Fiu, and Cir and Inhibition by the Siderophore Enterochelin and Its Dimeric and Trimeric Hydrolysis Products
Authors: Strahsburger Erwin , Baeza Marcelo , Monasterio Octavio , Lagos Rosalba 
Published: June 2005

ABSTRACT
Microcin E492 uptake by FepA, Fiu, and Cir is cooperative, with FepA being the main receptor. No TonB-mediated interaction with the ferric catecholate receptors is needed for microcin to exert action at the cytoplasmic membrane. Microcin E492 uptake by the receptors is inhibited by the dimer and trimer of dihydroxybenzoylserine.
STUDY OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL ELASTOMERS
Authors: GONG X. L. , ZHANG X. Z. , ZHANG P. Q. 
Published: June 2005

Magnetorheological elastomers' mechanical property is greatly influenced by the microstructure of magnetizable particles embedded in the rubber matrix. When synthesizing magnetorheological elastomers, usually the mixture is cured in the presence of a magnetic field and particles are arranged in chainlike or columnar structure after the crosslink, in order to get remarkable effect controlled by the magnetic field. However curing under the magnetic field will face some problems, e.g. the preparation will become not convenient. In this paper magnetorheological elastomers are prepared in various volume fractions in the absence of a magnetic field. Their dynamic viscoelastic properties are tested by a system designed by ourselves. Their microstructures are observed by scan electronic microscope. Finally the inherent relation is revealed between the magnetoviscoelasticity and the distribution of particles in the matrix as well as the components of the mixture and the chemical technique. A kind of typical microstructure is found to be relative to the magnetoviscoelasticity of magnetorheological elastomers prepared in the absence of a magnetic field. This study also provides a guide when designing and preparing this kind of smart materials.
SUGGESTION OF THE MAGNET SOLIDIFICATION FLUID (MSF), AND APPLICATION TO A BASE-ISOLATION SYSTEM
Authors: SUGIMOTO NOBORU , KIYOTA TAKANORI , SASAKI TAKUMI 
Published: June 2005

In this paper, we suggest the new intelligent fluid applying MR fluid, and new base-isolation system using that new intelligent fluid. At first, new intelligent fluid suggested in this paper as MSF (Magnet Solidification Fluid) consist of some magnetic fluid and special particles. The most remarkable characteristic of the MSF is that this fluid gives stable and optional yield sharing stress by gathering the properties of containing materials. By the way, in the region where the earthquake often occurs, buildings and industrial equipments must be provided for earthquakes. Then, fuse property is considered as the most anticipative idea for base-isolation system at present. That is, base-isolation system holds an upper structure by stable holding force at usual condition or slight earthquake. On the other hand, when a severe earthquake occurs, it releases holding force and insulates transfer of excitation force of earthquake at the isolation layer of system by yielding relative displacement between ground and an upper structure. According to such idea, we developed new base-isolation system utilizing characteristic of MSF.
STRUCTURAL INSTABILITY AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF THE (Nd, Gd, Ce)2CuO4 SYSTEM
Authors: POP A. V. , PELSHENKE C. , COZAR O. 
Published: June 2005

The influence of partial substitution of Nd by Gd and Ce on the Nd 2 CuO 4n-type superconductor was studied by using X-ray diffraction measurements. For x = 0.15 Ce the maximum value of critical transition temperature Tc was obtained. The influence of Gd concentration on the lattice parameters and unit-cell volume was studied in the optimal doped sample (x = 0.15 Ce ) and in the samples with 0≤x≤0.2 Ce . The relation between structural parameters and critical transition temperature was evidenced. The transition from the structural normal phase to the distortion phase was evidenced above y = 0.75 Gd in the optimal Ce -doped sample.
Mast Cell Tryptase in Mast Cell Granules Enhances MCP-1 and Interleukin-8 Production in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kinoshita Makoto , Okada Masaharu , Hara Masatake , Furukawa Yutaka , Matsumori Akira 
Published: June 2005

Objective—Recent studies have highlighted the pathogenetic importance of chronic inflammation in cardiovascular disorders such as congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis. Mast cells release a wide variety of immune mediators that may initiate inflammatory responses, whereas endothelial cells (ECs) play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by secreting cytokines. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of mast cells as an activator of ECs.Methods and Results—ECs harvested from human umbilical cord veins were stimulated with mast cell granules (MCGs) prepared from sonicated human leukemic mast cells. The supernatants and total RNA from cells were collected. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor remained unchanged up to 24 hours. In contrast, levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-8 increased significantly within 6 hours. Northern blot analysis revealed an increase in MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression in MCG-treated ECs. Induction of these chemokines was attenuated by antitryptase neutralizing antibody. Furthermore, MCP-1 and IL-8 were induced in ECs by incubation with human mast cell tryptase, but not with chymase.Conclusions—These results indicate that the production of MCP-1 and IL-8 in ECs was induced by MCG and amplified by tryptase.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Thunderstorm Events that Produce Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Interior Southeastern United States
Authors: Murphy Mark S. , Konrad Charles E. 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning data are used in this study to trace the daily patterns of thunderstorms in time and space across the topographically diverse southeastern United States. Four reoccurring patterns of thunderstorms (i.e., local, multilocal, regional, and widespread) are identified on the basis of the size of the region of CG lightning as well as the spatial pattern of the flashes within this region. To identify these patterns, hourly maps of CG flashes are produced over five summer seasons (June–August) and used to identify thunderstorm events on all days in which at least one CG lightning is observed. Thunderstorm events are defined by a temporally and spatially clustered hourly pattern of lightning flashes. The spatial pattern of lightning associated with each event is examined during the hour in which the flash density is the highest and is used to classify the event. The geographical and temporal patterns of each thunderstorm type are described. Also, flash densities are calculated at spatial scales ranging from 1- to 100-km radial distance. Over half of the identified thunderstorm events in the study were confined to the local scale and contained relatively few flashes. They were most common early in the morning and in the mountainous portions of the study area. Widespread events, on the other hand, showed a dense coverage of flashes within a given hour over a majority of the area. Although they occurred much less frequently (i.e., once every 8 days across most locales), they were responsible for the highest number of CG lightning flashes in the study region; furthermore, they produced the highest flash densities, both at the local and regional scale. A radar echo classification revealed that these events were not tied to mesoscale convective systems, but rather to the early afternoon development of numerous convective cell clusters and lines across the study area.
A Grid- and Subgrid-Scale Radiation Parameterization of Topographic Effects for Mesoscale Weather Forecast Models
Authors: Müller Mathias D. , Scherer Dieter 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
Complex topography significantly modifies radiation fluxes at the earth’s surface. As spatial resolutions of mesoscale weather forecast models increase, terrain effects on radiation fluxes induced by slope aspect, slope angle, sky view factor, and shadowing also gain importance. A radiation parameterization scheme is hence designed to better represent these topographic influences to improve weather forecasts.
The grid- and subgrid-scale radiation parameterization scheme allows computation of radiation fluxes for each weather forecast model grid cell by considering arbitrarily fine resolved topography without degrading the model’s computational performance. The proposed scheme directly computes mean fluxes for each model grid cell based on flux computations at full spatial resolution of a digital elevation model covering the model domain. Thus the scheme does not require a problematic computation of averaged topographic properties such as aspect angles. Furthermore, the scheme has a nonlocal computation of sky view restriction and shadowing effects.
Case studies with the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) at resolutions of 4 and 2 km, respectively, and the parameterization based on a 1-km resolved elevation model, showed that effects of this parameterization are significant and result in better temperature forecasts in complex terrain. Rms and mean error of 2-m temperature forecasts are generally improved by 0.5 to 1 K. At night, the consideration of restricted sky view leads to a temperature increase between 0.5 and 1.5 K along valleys. During clear-sky daytime, this warming is of the same magnitude for grid cells containing slopes exposed to the sun. Under overcast conditions, rms error is reduced by 0.2 to 0.5 K. In wintertime, shadows reduce temperatures in valleys by 0.5 to 3 K during daytime.
Evaluation of Large-Eddy Simulations via Observations of Nocturnal Marine Stratocumulus
Authors: Stevens Bjorn , Moeng Chin-Hoh , Ackerman Andrew S. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Chlond Andreas , de Roode Stephan , Edwards James , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Jiang Hongli , Khairoutdinov Marat , Kirkpatrick Michael P. , Lewellen David C. , Lock Adrian , Müller Frank , Stevens David E. , Whelan Eoin , Zhu Ping 
Published: June 2005

AbstractData from the first research flight (RF01) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study are used to evaluate the fidelity with which large-eddy simulations (LESs) can represent the turbulent structure of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The initial data and forcings for this case placed it in an interesting part of parameter space, near the boundary where cloud-top mixing is thought to render the cloud layer unstable on the one hand, or tending toward a decoupled structure on the other hand. The basis of this evaluation consists of sixteen 4-h simulations from 10 modeling centers over grids whose vertical spacing was 5 m at the cloud-top interface and whose horizontal spacing was 35 m. Extensive sensitivity studies of both the configuration of the case and the numerical setup also enhanced the analysis. Overall it was found that (i) if efforts are made to reduce spurious mixing at cloud top, either by refining the vertical grid or limiting the effects of the subgrid model in this region, then the observed turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the layer can be reproduced with some fidelity; (ii) the base, or native configuration of most simulations greatly overestimated mixing at cloud top, tending toward a decoupled layer in which cloud liquid water path and turbulent intensities were grossly underestimated; (iii) the sensitivity of the simulations to the representation of mixing at cloud top is, to a certain extent, amplified by particulars of this case. Overall the results suggest that the use of LESs to map out the behavior of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in this interesting region of parameter space requires a more compelling representation of processes at cloud top. In the absence of significant leaps in the understanding of subgrid-scale (SGS) physics, such a representation can only be achieved by a significant refinement in resolution—a refinement that, while conceivable given existing resources, is probably still beyond the reach of most centers.
Finescale Topography and the MC2 Dynamics Kernel
Authors: Girard Claude , Benoit Robert , Desgagné Michel 
Published: June 2005

Abstract
The Canadian Mesoscale Compressible Community (MC2) model provided daily forecasts across the Alps at 3-km resolution during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) field phase of 1999. Among the results of this endeavor, some have had an immediate impact on MC2 itself as it increasingly became evident that the model was spuriously too sensitive to finescale orographic forcing. The model solves the Euler equations of motion using a semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian scheme in an oblique terrain-following coordinate. To improve model behavior, typical approaches were tried at first. These included a generalization of the coordinate transformation to make the terrain influence decay much more quickly with height as well as the introduction of nonisothermal basic states to diminish the amplitude of numerical truncation errors. The concept of piecewise-constant finite elements was invoked to reduce coding arbitrariness. But it was later pointed out that the problem was very specific and due to a numerical inconsistency. The true height of model grid points is fixed and known in height-based coordinates. Nevertheless, it was discovered that for this semi-Lagrangian scheme to be consistent, the departure height is an unknown that must be obtained in the same manner as the other unknowns.