bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of gait on, and repeatability of heart rate and heart rate variability measurements in exercising Warmblood dressage horses
Authors: Frippiat T. , van Beckhoven C. , van Gasselt V.J. , Dugdale A. , Vandeweerd J.M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measurement of the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation to the myocardium. Used as an indicator of health, welfare and fitness level, its measurement during exercise has been suggested to be helpful in sport horses. The aims of this study were to assess the within- and between-day repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise, and to evaluate the effect of gait (as a factor of increasing exercise intensity) on HRV. Heart rate (HR), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) between normal heartbeats and the standard deviation of normal (R-R) intervals (SDNN) were assessed during a standardised exercise test (SET) on five consecutive days in a sample of 21 healthy Warmblood dressage horses. All variables showed good between-day repeatability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient), while only RMSSD showed reliable within-day repeatability (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Increase of exercise intensity was significantly associated with increased HR and decreased RMSSD and SDNN, with a negative correlation between HR and the two HRV-measurements. HR and HRV values varied significantly with intensity of exercise (rest, walk, trot, canter and whole SET), though HRV at rest was not different to that at walk, and HRV at trot was not different to that at canter. In conclusion, the results of this study support the use and show the repeatability of time-domain HRV-measurements during exercise in Warmblood dressage horses. Further investigation for use of HRV in other equestrian disciplines, levels and health state is warranted.
Metabolic effects of training endurance horses in a field setting
Authors: Downer M.E. , Hodgson D.R. , Grant B.D. , Davis M.S. , Bayly W.M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Changes in serum biochemistry and skeletal muscle of horses in response to individual endurance rides of varying distance have been reported, as have the effects of submaximal treadmill training. This study evaluated the effects of a controlled field endurance training programme on energy metabolism. Five Arabian horses 6.8 ± 2.0 years (mean ± standard deviation) were trained for 16 weeks over progressively longer distances. The biceps femoris, triceps long head, and semitendinosus muscles were biopsied before and after 4-weekly runs of 10, 20 and 30 miles, respectively, and before and after 10, 20, 30 and 50 miles of a fourth run at the end of the training programme to measure 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities and triglyceride (TG) and glycogen concentrations in those biopsies. Blood samples were obtained simultaneously to measure serum TG, free fatty acid (FFA), glycerol, glucagon, insulin, and cortisol concentrations. Data were analysed using RM-ANOVA for effects of training and distance. was considered significant. Training increased resting glycogen and TG concentrations in the biceps (, ), triceps (, ) and semitendinosus (, ), respectively. Both HAD and SDH activities increased in the biceps femoris (; ) and triceps (; ), respectively, but not in the semitendinosus. There was no training effect detected on serum hormone responses to exercise distance although serum glycerol (), glucagon () and cortisol () concentrations increased with increasing run distance, while insulin concentration decreased (). Glucagon and cortisol concentrations were correlated (r = 0.67; ). Serum TG decreased with exercise but at a slower rate following training, and serum FFA were higher during exercise following training when compared to the partially trained state. Overall, endurance training enhanced peripheral mobilisation of fat and its utilisation by working muscle, and resting muscle glycogen stores increased.
Single bout of a long-duration running treadmill increases myoglobin but not haemoglobin and interleukin 6 levels in mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Yuliastrid D. , Kusnanik N.W. , Purwanto B. , Noordia A. , Purwoto S.P. , Pranoto A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Endurance was essential to perform an activity for as long as possible. Previously, haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate and interleukin (IL)-6 level played a key role in determining endurance. This study aims to analyse the differences in the duration of running a treadmill on the levels of haemoglobin, myoglobin, lactate, and IL-6 in mice (Mus musculus). The mice were forced to run on the treadmill for as long as possible. They were divided into 3 groups, namely Short (n = 12; ≤12.5 min treadmill running), Moderate (n = 12; 12.5-40 min treadmill running), and Long (n = 12; ≥40 min treadmill running). Haemoglobin and lactate levels were evaluated, respectively, using the Quick-check Plus Hb Haemoglobin Testing System and Accutrend® Plus system. Analysis of myoglobin and IL-6 levels used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA, and LSD post-hoc tests with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that only the myoglobin level characterised endurance. Higher myoglobin levels were found at longer duration of running. Haemoglobin, lactate and IL-6 levels did not differ between groups. Based on the results of the study it was concluded that a longer duration of running was found a higher level of myoglobin. Myoglobin but not haemoglobin represented as an essential characteristic for endurance among runners in mice. High-affinity binding between myoglobin and oxygen was essential for oxygen storage in muscle.
Effects of exercise and training on plasma and blood volumes in Thoroughbreds and endurance horses
Authors: Israel J. , Leguillette R. , Parry B.W. , Hodgson D.R. , Grant B.D. , Bayly W.M. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Exercise-and training-induced changes in plasma (PV) and blood volumes (BV) have been well documented in racehorses but not in endurance horses. We aimed to determine and compare the effects of training and exercise on BV and PV in Thoroughbred racehorses and endurance horses. Six endurance horses underwent a 4-month training program under saddle and 11 Thoroughbreds completed a racehorse-appropriate interval training program for 3-4 months on a racetrack. PV and BV were measured before and after training at rest and post-exercise using the indocyanine green dilution technique. For the Thoroughbreds, exercise consisted of a 1000 m breeze on a racetrack. The endurance horses completed rides of 10, 20 and 30 miles during training and 50 miles when fully trained. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney test and paired t test, with significance set at . Although absolute PV and BV were greater in Thoroughbreds, mass-specific PV and BV were mostly greater in endurance horses. Untrained endurance horses had a greater mass-specific PV and BV at rest (PV: 65 ± 4.1 vs 54 ± 5.7 ml/kg, ; BV: 101 ± 8.0 vs 83 ± 8.8 ml/kg; ) and a greater PV (60 ± 3.8 vs 44 ± 4.8 ml/kg; ) but not BV (108 ± 2.0 vs 112 ± 14.3 ml/kg) after exercise. Training induced an increase in resting PV and BV to 73 ± 4.3 and 116 ± 14.1 ml/kg, respectively, in endurance horses (), and an increase in PV and BV after 30 miles endurance exercise (PV: 60 ± 3.8 vs 80 ± 15.8 ml/kg; ; BV: 108 ± 2.0 vs 139 ± 26.5 ml/kg; ). Resting and post-exercise PV and BV increased following training in the Thoroughbreds: resting PV = 57 ± 5.1 ml/kg (), resting BV = 89 ± 8.3 ml/kg (); post-exercise PV = 49 ± 4.8 ml/kg (), post-exercise BV = 112 ± 14.3 ml/kg (untrained) vs 124 ± 18.2 ml/kg (trained), ). PV increased in response to exercise in endurance horses but decreased in Thoroughbreds. Endurance horses had smaller absolute PV and BV but greater mass-specific resting PV and BV than Thoroughbreds.
The impact of high-intensity interval training and alternate-day fasting on glucose metabolism in rats on a high-fat diet
Authors: Banitalebi H. , Nasiri E. , Bazgir B. , Abbasi B. , Samadi A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The effect of lifestyle modifications in the form of exercise training and fasting intervention on glucose metabolism in subjects on a high-fat diet is not completely understood. The present study aimed to examine the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum levels of C-peptide, fructosamine, and glucose in rats under a high-fat diet. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were initially fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, then randomised into the following four groups: HIIT, ADF, HIIT + ADF, and control (CON). The HIIT and ADF interventions were conducted 3 days per week for 6 weeks. The HIIT induced a significant reduction in serum fructosamine levels compared to other groups (), as well as there was a significant reduction in serum glucose levels compared to the ADF and HIIT + ADF groups (). ADF and HIIT + ADF did not cause any significant changes in fructosamine, glucose, and C-peptide serum levels compared to the CON group (). In subjects under a high-fat diet, HIIT but not ADF or HIIT + ADF may be associated with favourable improvements in glucose metabolism markers.
Effect of upper extremity kinesio tape application on hand function, wrist joint position and grip strength in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy
Authors: Yılmaz D.A. , Yıldız M. , Yıldırım M.S. , Karaoğlu B. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Although kinesio taping (KT) is frequently used in musculoskeletal disorders, there is not enough data on the effectiveness of holistic KT application on the upper extremity in spastic hemiparetic children. Our study aims to evaluate the effect of KT application on spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength in these patients. Twenty patients diagnosed with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, aged 5-17 years, who were trained and treated in a private educational institution, were included in the study. Between November 2021 and January 2022, in addition to neurodevelopmental therapy for 12 weeks, KT was applied from the lateral epicondyle region to the end of the metacarpals, with 15-25% tension, to the dorsal face of the hand, with the taping direction facilitation technique (starting direction is the origin of the muscle). Spasticity, range of motion, dexterity and hand grip strength were evaluated as pre-test and post-test. It was determined that the mean score difference between the pre-test and post-test range of motion (ROM) shoulder abduction, ROM supination, ROM wrist flexion, ROM wrist extension and hand grip strength of the individuals was statistically significant (). It was determined that the individuals’ pre-test-post-test Jebsen hand function test (JHFT) Writing, JHFT card flipping, JHFT small objects, JHFT nutrition simulation, JHFT backgammon checkers stamps, JHFT large light objects, JHFT total score average difference was statistically significant (). These results indicate that KT application positively affects upper extremity functions in the rehabilitation of hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Longitudinal studies are recommended in patients with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Lessons learned from 16 editions of the World Mycotoxin Forum 50 years after the first international conference on mycotoxins
Authors: Krska R. , Elliott C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
On-going research and interdisciplinary networking among scientists and stakeholders are still needed for the development of affordable and practical tools for farmers and food processors to efficiently manage the risk of mycotoxin contamination along food and feed chains. In order to facilitate appropriate actions, thematic interlaboratory projects have been initiated, professional networking-organisations have been founded, dedicated journals have been started and mycotoxin conferences have been organised. The World Mycotoxin Forum (WMF) has established itself as a leading international networking conference series on mycotoxins where food and feed industry representatives meet with representatives from government, food authorities, food and feed industry and with people from universities and other research institutions from around the world. The WMF has gradually moved from food and feed related technological topics to international and regulatory issues and to mitigation strategies based on fungal and plant genetics, big data based decision support tools and sustainable solutions in view of climate change. Over all these years, the conclusions made from each WMF have been summarised by the general conference chair(s) as the ‘top 5 lessons learned’ on the last day of each conference. 50 years after the first international conference on mycotoxins organised by IPUAC in 1972, this article has compiled all ‘top 5 lessons learned’ presented at the 16 editions of the WMF and joint WMF/IUPAC events organised between 2001 and 2022. Since the first international conference on mycotoxins, much progress has been made in the prevention, reduction and control of mycotoxins. However, continuous attention and further efforts are still needed in order to tackle the complex issues of mycotoxin contamination especially in view of climate change and other global challenges on the horizon.
Effect of two larval diets on the reproductive parameters of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae)
Authors: Abellán M. , Ruano F. , Rojo S. , Martı́nez-Sánchez A. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Deep understanding of the optimal reproductive and biological parameters is necessary to obtain the maximum egg production in captive rearing of Musca domestica, the common housefly. The effect of larval diet is explored in this study, using two different media: poultry manure and an artificial medium based on cereals mixed with meat. The preimaginal mortality and development time, with other reproductive parameters that indirectly affect adult fecundity as: ovary and wing size, fluctuating asymmetry, and cuticular hydrocarbon composition, were analysed. The results show that poultry manure was related with better efficacy values, lower larval mortality rate, and a sex-dependent effect in fecundity. Asymmetry fluctuation and different hydrocarbon composition was detected in females. The females from larvae that grew on manure presented bigger ovaries and oocytes, but a smaller number of ovarioles per ovary. Their morphological asymmetry was also lower; and the cuticular hydrocarbon composition was distinct from the rest of the adults, with more alkanes and less alkenes than males or females related with the artificial diet. As conclusion, the effect of larval substrate on the survival and fecundity parameters is evident. The implications for the mass production of the house fly as animal feed are also indicated.
Limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) proteins: structure-function relationship
Authors: Xie S.Y. , Wang X.L. , Zhou Y. , Ma L. , Hou Y. , Soladoye O.P. , Zhang Y.H. , Fu Y. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In order to explore the impacts of limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification on the structure, functional properties, allergenicity, and volatile compounds of silkworm pupae protein, the crude silkworm pupae protein was firstly extracted by alkaline-solution method, followed by Alcalase-treated limited hydrolysis for 10-30 min. Xylose was subsequently added and reacted for 1 h at 95 °C. Afterwards, the structure, functionality, allergenicity, and volatile compounds before and after modification were analysed. The molecular weight of modified silkworm pupae protein was remarkably decreased. The solubility was improved from 4.7 to 28.6%. The foaming ability was elevated by 21%. The in vitro digestibility was elevated by 34.0-44.4%. Furthermore, the abundance of six potential allergic proteins was remarkably reduced. In addition, the contents of off-flavour compounds in modified silkworm pupae proteins substantially decreased. Overall, limited hydrolysis combined with glycation modification can improve the functionality and flavour of silkworm pupae protein, while reduce the allergenicity.
Soil saprophages as an emerging global source of micronutrients
Authors: Gongalsky K.B. , Korobushkin D.I. , Baratova L.A. , Bastrakov A.I. , Degtyarev M.I. , Gorbunova A.Yu. , Ksenofontov A.L. , Lapa S.A. , Lebedev I.M. , Zaitsev A.S. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
‘Hidden hunger’ occurs in humans and livestock and stems from deficiencies in microelements, essential amino acids, and vitamins. Triggered by insufficient intake of micronutrients in food and feed, even when macronutrients are abundant, hidden hunger can result in the development of serious diseases and pathological conditions. Finding sufficient micronutrients is often challenging because they are either obtained from limited external natural sources or synthesised de novo. Soil-dwelling saprophages comprise one of the largest proportions of zoomasses on Earth but remain surprisingly overlooked as a potential micronutrient source. To assess their nutritional content concerning micronutrients, we selected 31 invertebrate species obtained from natural ecosystems of European Russia or widely cultivated species originating mainly from tropical regions. They belong to major soil saprophage taxa: cockroaches (Blattodea), beetle (Coleoptera) larvae and imagoes, springtails (Collembola), millipedes (Diplopoda), fly (Diptera) larvae, earthworms (Haplotaxida), woodlice (Isopoda), crickets (Orthoptera). We assessed their proteinogenic amino acid, microelement, and vitamin composition. Taxonomic differences in the composition and ratio of micronutrients were determined and we identified specific taxa naturally enriched with micronutrients for future consideration as potential candidates for incorporation into food and feed supplements to alleviate hidden hunger in livestock and humans.
Standardising black soldier fly larvae feeding experiments: an initial protocol and variability estimates
Authors: Deruytter D. , Gasco L. , Yakti W. , Katz H. , Coudron C.L. , Gligorescu A. , Frooninckx L. , Noyens I. , Meneguz M. , Grosso F. , Bellezza Oddon S. , Biasato I. , Mielenz M. , Veldkamp T. , Van Loon J.J.A. , Spranghers T. , Vandenberg G.W. , Oonincx D.G.A.B. , Bosch G. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
There is a growing interest in the ability of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) to convert low-value organic residues into high-value products. This leads to more publications with conversion data for various organic resources. However, these results are rarely comparable between laboratories due to differences in study protocols. This hinders comparisons among studies, the use of results in practice, and overall advancement in BSFL conversion research. Therefore, a standardised research protocol was developed for nursing, rearing and harvesting of BSFL for feed assessment. The utility of this protocol, was assessed via an international ring test with 9 partners. One batch of Gainesville diet (wheat bran (50%), alfa-alfa (30%) and maize (20%)) was produced and distributed among the partners to avoid dietary variations. Five-day-old BSFL larvae were used for the growth trial with six replicates per partner. Average larval weight was assessed after 3 days, 7 days, and harvest (>10% prepupae). Total yield and frass were recorded, and samples were chemically analysed to allow the quantification of the conversion efficiency. The results were used to calculate the within and between partner variability of the protocol. The results indicate that for the biological parameters (average weight, yield and density) the within partner variability was 24% and the between partner variability was 60%. For the assessed chemical parameters (N, fat, ash, P, K, pH), both the within and between variability was lower (respectively 9 and 28%). The results of this study give a first indication of the variability that can be expected within and between BSFL feeding experiments for different parameters and can therefore serve as guideline when developing a new experimental designs, assess standard operating procedures and other applications. The protocol can be used as first basis for future feed experiments, improving the comparability of results.
The COLOSS BEEBOOK – an example of standard methods in insect research
Authors: Facchini E. , Dietemann V. , Ellis J.D. , Evans J.D. , Neumann P. , Carreck N.L. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Honey bees play an essential role in modern agriculture as farm animals and crop pollinators, and they contribute to one third of our diet. Over the last few decades, managed honey bees have faced large-scale losses worldwide. Various causes include the spread of pathogens and parasites, habitat loss and loss of forage, pesticide use, and climate change. Many scientists investigated these issues worldwide separately and independently, often using different methodologies, and this approach might lead to conflicting and sometimes erroneous findings. To provide global and sustainable solutions, a group of bee scientists established COLOSS, a non-profit association for the prevention of honey bee COlony LOSSes. Its mission is to investigate the causes of declining bee health and find effective means to improve the well-being of bees. COLOSS comprises various Core Projects and Task Forces focusing on specific topics identified by the association to receive priority attention. Among the core projects, the COLOSS BEEBOOK is a unique venture aiming to provide a standardised methods manual for studying the honey bee. The project’s goal has been to create a comprehensive collection of established methods and techniques for honey bee research, with the aim of making studies conducted by different groups across the world more comparable. The resulting practical manual contains over 2,000 standardized methods across all fields of honey bee research. It is definitive, but evolving, research manual. There is a strong need for standardisation in the fast-growing field of edible insect farming and research. The COLOSS BEEBOOK stands as a testament to the achievements that can be made when researchers collaborate towards a common goal, and it can serve as an inspiration for the establishment of standardized methods for the mass rearing of edible insects.