bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon availability affects already large species-specific differences in chemical composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal mycelia in pure culture
Authors: Fransson Petra , Robertson A. H. Jean , Campbell Colin D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough ectomycorrhizal (ECM) contribution to soil organic matter processes receives increased attention, little is known about fundamental differences in chemical composition among species, and how that may be affected by carbon (C) availability. Here, we study how 16 species (incl. 19 isolates) grown in pure culture at three different C:N ratios (10:1, 20:1, and 40:1) vary in chemical structure, using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We hypothesized that C availability impacts directly on chemical composition, expecting increased C availability to lead to more carbohydrates and less proteins in the mycelia. There were strong and significant effects of ECM species (R2 = 0.873 and P = 0.001) and large species-specific differences in chemical composition. Chemical composition also changed significantly with C availability, and increased C led to more polysaccharides and less proteins for many species, but not all. Understanding how chemical composition change with altered C availability is a first step towards understanding their role in organic matter accumulation and decomposition.
Comprehensive Health Assessment for Children in Out-of-Home Care: An Exploratory Study of Service Needs and Mental Health in a Norwegian Population
Authors: Haune Monica , Nissen Alexander , Christiansen Øivin , Myrvold Trine M. , Ruud Torleif , Heiervang Einar R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA comprehensive model for routine multi-disciplinary health assessment for children in out-of-home care was piloted in a Norwegian region. This paper reports on identified service needs and mental disorders among 196 children (0–17 years) receiving the assessment. Cross-sectional data was extracted from assessment reports. Results show needs across a range of services, with a mean of 2.8 recommended services for children aged 0–6 and 3.3 for children aged 7–17. Mental disorders were identified in 50% of younger children, and 70% of older children. For all children, overall service need was associated with mental disorders, in addition to male gender among younger children. Need for specialized mental health services was associated with mental disorders among younger children and increasing age among older children. The high frequency of service needs and mental disorders illustrate the importance of offering comprehensive health assessments routinely to this high-risk child population and necessitates coordinated service delivery.
A Review of Community Health Worker Integration in Health Departments
Authors: Ignoffo Stacy , Gu Shannon , Ellyin Alexander , Benjamins Maureen R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCommunity health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers who bridge the gap between historically marginalized communities, healthcare, and social services. Increasingly, states are developing the CHW workforce by implementing training and certification policies. Health departments (HDs) are primarily responsible for community health through policy implementation and provision of public health services. The two objectives of this study are to explore: (1) state progress in establishing CHW training and certification policies, and (2) integration of CHWs in HD workforces. In this scoping review, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2012 and 2022. We looked for articles that discussed state-level certification and training for CHWs and those covering CHWs working with and for city, county, state, and federal HDs. We excluded studies set outside of the US or published in a language other than English. Twenty-nine studies were included for review, documenting CHWs working at all levels of HDs. Within the included studies, HDs often partner with organizations that employ CHWs. With HD-sponsored programs, CHWs increased preventative care, decreased healthcare costs, and decreased disease risk in their communities. Almost all states have begun developing CHW training and certification policies and are at various points in the implementation. HD-sponsored CHW programs improved the health of marginalized communities, whether CHWs were employed directly by HDs or by a partner organization. The success of HD-sponsored CHW programs and state efforts around CHW training and certification should encourage increased investment in CHW workforce development within public health.
Chemometrics using near-infrared spectra for the quantification of robusta coffee and chicory added as adulterants in roasted arabica coffee
Authors: Munyendo Leah , Babor Majharulislam , Zhang Yanyan , Hitzmann Bernd 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRoasted ground coffees are targets of concern regarding intentional adulteration with cheaper foreign materials because, in this form, it may be difficult to detect due to the small particle size and the dark color. Therefore, a significant interest is developing fast, sensitive, and accurate methodologies to quantify adulterants in roasted coffees. This study investigated the potential of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to quantity robusta coffee and chicory in roasted arabica coffee. The adulterated arabica coffee samples were composed of robusta coffee or chicory ranging from 2.5 to 30% in increments of 2.5%. Four regression approaches were applied: gradient boosting regression (GBR), multiple linear regression (MLR), k-nearest neighbor regression (KNNR), and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The first three regression models were performed on the features extracted from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, two classification methods were applied (LDA and KNN). The regression models derived based on LDA-extracted features presented better performances than PCA ones. The best regression models for the quantification of robusta coffee were GBR (pRMSEP of 13.70% and R2 of 0.839) derived based on PCA-extracted features and MLR (pRMSEP of 1.11% and R2 of 0.998) derived based on LDA-extracted features. For the chicory quantification, the same models derived under the same settings as mentioned above also presented the best performances (GBR, pRMSEP = 9.37%, R2 = 0.924; MLR, pRMSEP = 1.54%, R2 = 0.997). The PLSR prediction errors for the quantification of arabica coffee and chicory were 9.90% and 8.09%, respectively. For the classification methods, the LDA model performed well compared to KNN. Generally, some models proved to be effective in quantifying robusta and chicory in roasted arabica coffee. The results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy could be a promising method in the coffee industry and other legal sectors for routine applications involving quality control of coffee.
Enhanced activity of bimetallic Fe-Cu catalysts supported on ceria toward water gas shift reaction: synergistic effect
Authors: Landi Gianluca , Sorbino Giulia , Migliardini Fortunato , Ruoppolo Giovanna , Di Benedetto Almerinda 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWithin the “hydrogen chain”, the hight-emperature water gas shift reaction represents a key step to improve the H2 yield and adjust the H2/COx ratio to fit the constraints of downstream processes. Despite the commercial application of the high-temperature water gas shift, novel catalysts characterized by higher intrinsic activity (especially at low temperatures), good thermal stability, and no chromium content are needed. In this work, we propose bimetallic iron-copper catalysts supported on ceria, characterized by low active phase content (iron oxide + copper oxide < 5 wt %). Fresh and used samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction in hydrogen to relate physicochemical features and catalytic activity. The sample with iron/copper ≈ 1 and 4 wt % active phase content showed the best catalytic properties in terms of turnover frequency, no methane formation, and stability. Its unique properties were due to both strong iron-copper interaction and strong metal-support interaction, leading to outstanding redox behavior.
“Welcoming Spaces”: Migration and New Communities in Marginalised Regions
Authors: Moralli Melissa , Pachocka Marta , Leung Maggi W. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe presence of migration in non-urban areas is mainly related to the paradoxical coexistence of both restrictive migration policies and a proliferation of welcoming initiatives. These initiatives are aimed at (co-)creating “welcoming spaces” and are often driven by older residents and migrant people but can equally be the outcome of initiatives by local governments, NGOs, and businesses. This contribution introduces the potentialities and limits of these initiatives to create hybrid forms of hospitality and prospects to enhance local development. It opens with a reflection on the political relevance of welcoming spaces and their governance from an international and national perspective. Second, it reflects upon the social and narrative significance of welcoming and hospitality. Considering the intersections between the political and the discursive dimension of welcoming spaces, it closes with a recommendation to recognise the collective dimension of hospitality and to create the basis for re-imagining spaces of conviviality in non-urban areas to sustain fairer and more inclusive societies.
Myocardial infarction care in low and high socioeconomic environments: claims data analysis
Authors: Hilt Alexander D. , Umans Victor A. W. M. , Vossenberg Tessel N. E. , Schalij Martin J. , Beeres Saskia L. M. A. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
To date, claims data have not been used to study outcome differences between low and high socioeconomic status (SES) patients surviving ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in the Netherlands.

Aim
To evaluate STEMI and NSTEMI care among patients with low and high SES in the referral area of three Dutch percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centres, using claims data as a source.

Methods
STEMI and NSTEMI patients treated in 2015–2017 were included. Patients’ SES scores were collected based on their postal code via an open access government database. In patients with low (SES1) and high (SES4) status, revascularisation strategies and secondary prevention medication were compared.

Results
A total of 2065 SES1 patients (age 68 ± 13 years, 58% NSTEMI) and 1639 SES4 patients (age 68 ± 13 years, 63% NSTEMI) were included. PCI use was lower in SES1 compared to SES4 in both STEMI (80% vs 84%, p < 0.012) and NSTEMI (42% vs 48%, p < 0.002) patients. Coronary artery bypass grafting was performed more often in SES1 than in SES4 in both STEMI (7% vs 4%, p = NS) and NSTEMI (11% vs 7%, p < 0.001) patients. Optimal medical therapy use in STEMI patients was higher in SES1 compared to SES4 (52% vs 46%, p = 0.01) but comparable among NSTEMI patients (39% vs 40%, p = NS). One-year mortality was comparable in SES1 and SES4 patients following STEMI (14% vs 16%, p = NS) and NSTEMI (10% vs 11%, p = NS).

Conclusion
Combined analysis of claims data and area-specific socioeconomic statistics can provide unique insight into how to improve myocardial infarction care for low and high SES patients.
The record and trends of natural disasters caused by gullies in Brazil
Authors: Kuhn Caiubi Emanuel Souza , Reis Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , Lazaretti Andrea Fregolente , Zarfl Christiane , Cabral Victor Carvalho , Grathwohl Peter 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRavines and gullies are advanced stages of linear erosion that occur in many countries, causing economic, social, and environmental impacts. This research aims at analyzing the official record of disasters caused by ravines and gullies in Brazil, with a focus on analyzing the economic impacts. The Brazilian Civil Defense Integrated Information System (S2ID) database was applied in the analysis, combined with a bibliographic review made in the Scopus database. The results obtained from the civil defense database show a growing trend in the number of disasters related to ravines and gullies in the last decade (2011–2020), with 76 cases recorded between January 2013 and May 2019. From these 76 cases, 24 of them were further analyzed to provide information about the socioeconomic impacts. In total, an estimated loss of US$ 54 million was recorded in the considered period. The greatest economic impacts were related to damage to public infrastructure, such as sanitary and sewage water system, buildings and, especially, residential areas in urban perimeters. The spatial distribution of disasters related to linear erosion in Brazil suggests a connection between the development of ravines and gullies and the agricultural frontier of the country, especially in the North and Midwest regions, including the biomes of Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) and Amazon Rainforest, where the greatest changes in land use occurred between the end of the twentieth and the beginning of the twenty-first century. Although the S2ID is an important data base for analyzing the impacts caused by ravines and gullies, the results suggest that the system's records do not account for medium- and long-term impacts.
Social Entrepreneurship Impact in Ten EU Countries with Supportive Regulations
Authors: Fernández-Guadaño Josefina , Diez Raquel Montes 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis research examines the impact of social entrepreneurship (SE) on sustainability and innovation by considering the determining factors of entrepreneurship as identified in the literature. The authors undertake an empirical analysis with structural equation modeling for ten European Union countries with supportive regulations related to SE: Belgium, Holland, Slovenia, Spain, Finland, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, and Romania. The data used is obtained primarily from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor-Specific report on SE (GEM), Eurostat Database, and SDG Index database. The findings show that social and economic factors are positively related to SE. The impact of SE on sustainability and innovation is also found to be positive. SE becomes an important asset by creating economic benefits through innovation and sustainable welfare. This research contributes to the gap in current empirical research. The authors identify reasons for these findings and offer some practical insights to design policies, such as an adequate legal and fiscal framework, to promote social entrepreneurship.
Quantitative imaging of doxorubicin diffusion and cellular uptake in biomimetic gels with human liver tumor cells
Authors: Degerstedt Oliver , O’Callaghan Paul , Clavero Ada Lerma , Gråsjö Johan , Eriksson Olle , Sjögren Erik , Hansson Per , Heindryckx Femke , Kreuger Johan , Lennernäs Hans 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNovel tumor-on-a-chip approaches are increasingly used to investigate tumor progression and potential treatment options. To improve the effect of any cancer treatment it is important to have an in depth understanding of drug diffusion, penetration through the tumor extracellular matrix and cellular uptake. In this study, we have developed a miniaturized chip where drug diffusion and cellular uptake in different hydrogel environments can be quantified at high resolution using live imaging. Diffusion of doxorubicin was reduced in a biomimetic hydrogel mimicking tissue properties of cirrhotic liver and early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (373 ± 108 µm2/s) as compared to an agarose gel (501 ± 77 µm2/s, p = 0.019). The diffusion was further lowered to 256 ± 30 µm2/s (p = 0.028) by preparing the biomimetic gel in cell media instead of phosphate buffered saline. The addition of liver tumor cells (Huh7 or HepG2) to the gel, at two different densities, did not significantly influence drug diffusion. Clinically relevant and quantifiable doxorubicin concentration gradients (1–20 µM) were established in the chip within one hour. Intracellular increases in doxorubicin fluorescence correlated with decreasing fluorescence of the DNA-binding stain Hoechst 33342 and based on the quantified intracellular uptake of doxorubicin an apparent cell permeability (9.00 ± 0.74 × 10–4 µm/s for HepG2) was determined. Finally, the data derived from the in vitro model were applied to a spatio-temporal tissue concentration model to evaluate the potential clinical impact of a cirrhotic extracellular matrix on doxorubicin diffusion and tumor cell uptake.
Graphical abstract
Endovascular treatment of patients with stroke caused by anterior cerebral artery occlusions
Authors: Vos Erik M. , Kappelhof Manon , den Hartog Sanne J. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Emmer Bart J. , Roozenbeek Bob , van Zwam Wim H. , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , van der Worp H. Bart , Uyttenboogaart Maarten , van Es Adriaan C. G. M. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Peeters-Scholte Cacha M. P. C. D. , van den Wijngaard Ido R. ,   the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is uncommon but may lead to significant disability. The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) for ACA occlusions remains uncertain.

Methods
We included patients treated with EVT and compared patients with ACA occlusions with patients who had internal carotid artery (ICA) or proximal (M1/M2) middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions from the MR CLEAN Registry. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score (mRS). Secondary outcomes were functional independence (mRS 0–2), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, delta-NIHSS (baseline minus NIHSS score at 24–48 h), and successful recanalization (expanded thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (eTICI) score 2b-3). Safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), periprocedural complications, and mortality.

Results
Of 5193 patients, 11 (0.2%) had primary ACA occlusions. Median NIHSS at baseline was lower in patients with ACA versus ICA/MCA occlusions (11, IQR 9–14; versus 15, IQR 11–19). Functional outcome did not differ from patients with ICA/MCA occlusions. Functional independence was 4/11 (36%) in patients with ACA versus 1949/4815 (41%) in ICA/MCA occlusions; median delta-NIHSS was − 1 (IQR − 7 to 2) and − 4 (IQR − 9 to 0), respectively. Successful recanalization was 4/9 (44%), versus 3083/4787 (64%) in ICA/MCA occlusions. Mortality was 3/11 (27%) versus 1263/4815 (26%). One patient with ACA occlusion had sICH; no other complications occurred.

Conclusion
In this cohort ACA occlusions were uncommon. Functional outcome did not differ between patients with ACA occlusions and ICA/MCA occlusions. Prospective research is needed to determine feasibility, safety, and outcomes of EVT for ACA occlusions.
A higher-order life crafting scale validation using PLS-CCA: the Italian version
Authors: Ingusci Emanuela , Angelelli Mario , Sternativo Giovanna Alessia , Catalano Alessia Anna , De Carlo Elisa , Cortese Claudio G. , Demerouti Evangelia , Ciavolino Enrico 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this study, we highlight Life Crafting Scale (LCS) factor structure and model specifications by using partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) and confirmatory composite analysis (CCA), with a sample of Italian students ($$n=953$$

n
=
953

). From the validation results obtained through PLS-CCA, we identify the emergence of both the reflective nature of the scores of the LCS subscale and an alternative measurement model of the LCS scores as a second-order reflective–reflective model.
Characterization of a circular arc electron source for a self-neutralizing air-breathing plasma thruster
Authors: Taploo Anmol , Soni Vikas , Solomon Halen , McCraw Marshall , Lin Li , Spinelli Jake , Shepard Steven P. , Solares Santiago D. , Keidar Michael 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe paper presents an enhanced version of an arc electron source designed for air ionization applications in a self-neutralizing air-breathing plasma thruster. The arc electron source is specifically suited for the air-breathing plasma thruster, as it allows precise control of mean electron energy levels. This paper focuses on the ionization aspects of air-breathing thrusters through the development of axially magnetized arc electron sources. The sources consist of a circular and coaxial configuration of a metallic arc plasma source coupled with a positively biased grid to extract electrons and control mean electron energy. The average mean electron energy of electrons in the arc electron source is regulated by adjusting the bias voltage of the grid within the range of 0 V – 300 V. To investigate the behavior of ion current density and electron density concerning pressure and mean electron energy, the current probe and magnetic filter were utilized. It was demonstrated that the circular electron source leads to enhanced ionization of airflow by achieving plasma densities greater than 1018 m−3. By utilizing a high-speed camera for the circular arc electron source, the arc spot was seen to move azimuthally due to the magnetic field. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and a conductance measurement system were employed for the coaxial arc electron source to examine the deposition and conductance of the electron extraction grid. While the grid underwent deposition of about 600 microns, the conductance was observed to increase/saturate with time and bias voltage, indicating an electrically “self-healing material”.
Measuring HL in adolescent students: a preliminary report on the development of a task- and skills-based assessment instrument for use in educational settings
Authors: Sercu Lies 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHealth Literacy (HL) refers to personal competencies for accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying health-relevant information in order to make sound decisions in everyday life that promote the prevention of bad and maintenance of good health. Schools are seen as promising intervention settings for promoting these skills in adolescents. School testing that reflects health-related tasks that students need to complete in daily life stands the best chance of promoting growth in HL. Testing can facilitate the transfer of learning, i.e. the application of previous learning in the solution of novel problems in different contexts. This study presents a newly developed performance-based instrument for the measurement of HL knowledge and skills in adolescents in a school-based context, as well as the results of a validation study. The instrument aims to measure adolescents’ generic HL and takes account of competency-based principles of education. The results of the validation study prove the reliability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, and construct validity (expert panel and factor analysis) of the newly designed instrument. The study also demonstrates that the instrument can distinguish between weaker and stronger students.