bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Content in Japanese Language Nursing Textbooks
Authors: Tsujino Kumiko , Tsukahara Masato , Frazier Lorraine , Iino Hidechika , Murakami Kyoko 
Published: November 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the amount of genetic content included in Japanese language nursing textbooks. A total of 222 Japanese nursing textbooks for registered nurses, public health nurses, and nurse midwives published by five publishers in 2001 were evaluated for genetic content. The textbooks were reviewed for content in fundamental knowledge of genetics, genetic diseases, genetic counseling, and nursing care for patients with genetic problems. Results from the review indicated that although information about genetics was found in more than half of the textbooks, descriptions of the roles of nurses in genetic counseling and nursing interventions related mostly to single gene disorders.These findings suggest that not all Japanese nursing textbooks contain genetic content and that they do not include the latest knowledge concerning common diseases and genetic nursing interventions. Although the study did not review other educational methods, based on these findings, nursing educators in Japan should introduce textbooks with genetic information that will prepare registered nurses, public health nurses, and nurse midwives to remain current in genetic concepts and to apply these concepts to their nursing roles through genetic counseling and patient care.
Hydroxyurea‐induced hemolytic anemia in a patient with essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Jabr Fadi I. , Shamseddine Ali , Taher Ali 
Published: November 2004

AbstractHydroxyurea (HU) has been used in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) to reduce the frequency and severity of thrombotic complications of the disease. It acts by causing bone marrow depression, resulting in a decrease in platelet and leukocyte counts and in anemia with megaloblastosis. Herein we report a case of an 80‐year‐old man with ET who developed severe hemolytic anemia requiring multiple packed RBC transfusions while being treated with HU. The hemolysis persisted until discontinuation of the drug. This case suggests hemolysis as a potential side effect of HU and raises the clinical concern that not all HU‐induced anemia is secondary to erythropoiesis depression. With the increasing use of HU in the management of ET, hemoglobinopathy, and other diseases, the importance of monitoring for hemolysis must be further emphasized in these patients. Am. J. Hematol. 77:374–376, 2004 © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determination of iron in blood serum using ﬂow injection with luminol chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Waseem A. , Yaqoob M. , Nabi A. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractA simple and rapid ﬂow injection method is reported for the determination of iron in blood serum after acid digestion with HNO3 and HClO4, based on luminol CL detection in the absence of added oxidant. The detection limit (3 s) was 1.0 nmol/L with a sample throughput of 120/h. The calibration graph was linear over the range 0.001–1.0 µmol/L (r2 = 0.9974), with relative standard deviations (RSD) (n = 4) in the range 3.2–5%. The effect of interfering cations (Ca(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III)) and anions (Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, NO3−, NO2−) were studied using a luminol CL system for Fe(II) determination. The method was applied to normal blood serum and the results (1.32 ± 0.08–1.74 ± 0.05 mg/L) were compared with those from a spectrophotometric reference method (1.34 ± 0.06–1.80 ± 0.10 mg/L), which agree fairly well with the overall reference range in blood. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fireﬂy luciferin as antioxidant and light emitter: the evolution of insect bioluminescence
Authors: Dubuisson Marlène , Marchand Cécile , Rees Jean‐François 
Published: November 2004

AbstractInsects are the main group with luminescent species among terrestrial animals. In this paper, we report that ﬁreﬂy luciferin is endowed with antioxidant properties against oxidative and nitrosative stress. The luciferin reduces linoleate peroxidation in acellular tests and increases the viability of mammalian cells exposed to the oxidant tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. Dehydrorhodamine‐based tests indicate that ﬁreﬂy luciferin also scavenges peroxynitrite, whereas parallel tests on cells showed a marked protection of cells subjected to the peroxynitrite generator SIN‐1. Together, these results suggest that ﬁreﬂy luciferin's antioxidant properties could help photocytes coping with the hyperoxidant conditions to which they are submitted during luminous emissions. These data could also suggest that the evolutionary foundation of the bioluminescent system could have been the luciferin, and not the luciferase, ﬁrst serving as a scavenger of oxidants toxic to the cells, then as a light emitting substrate for luciferase precursors. Similarities with the evolutionary scenario proposed for marine bioluminescent organisms relying on coelenterazine suggest that the surprisingly high success rate observed in the independent emergence of bioluminescent animals could reﬂect the ease of transformation of antioxidant mechanisms into light‐producing systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Warum gibt es Großmütter?: Das Paradox der zweiten Lebenshälfte
Authors: Voland Eckart , Chasiotis Athanasios , Schiefenhövel Wulf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNach wie vor ungeklärt ist der evolutionäre Status der Menopause. Ist sie eine biologische Angepasstheit zur Erhöhung des Lebensreproduktionserfolgs (wie ursprünglich angenommen) oder vielmehr eine nicht‐funktionale “Erblast” aus der Stammesgeschichte der Säugetiere (wie neuere Überlegungen nahe legen)? Ist das postmenopausale Überleben eine Art “Nebenprodukt” einer Selektion für prämenopausale Vitalität (“fly‐by”‐Hypothese), oder sind es die innerfamiliären Hilfeleistungen postgenerativer Frauen, die die Evolution der menschlichen Langlebigkeit angetrieben haben (“good‐mother”‐Hypothese und “Großmutterhypothese”)? Übereinstimmend mit soziobiologischer Theorie zeigen neuere Befunde, dass die Hilfeleistungen älterer Frauen für die Familien ihrer Söhne beziehungsweise Töchter unterschiedlich ausfallen. Die Evolution hat ganz offensichtlich nicht die vorbehaltlos hilfsbereite Oma hervorgebracht, sondern eine strategische Akteurin auf der Bühne des sozialen und reproduktiven Geschehens.
Wie Fische Wasser fühlen: Das Seitenliniensystem
Authors: Bleckmann Horst , Mogdans Joachim , Engelmann Jacob , Kröther Sophia , Hanke Wolf 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDas Seitenliniensystem der Fische besteht aus Epidermal‐ und Kanalneuromasten. Fische registrieren mit dem Seitenliniensystem Wasserbewegungen (Epidermalneuromasten) und Druckgradienten (Kanalneuromasten) entlang ihrer Kopf‐ und Körperoberfläche. Mit Hilfe dieser Informationen können sie Feinde, Beutetiere und Artgenossen wahrnehmen und lokalisieren. Die Antworten von primären Seitenlinienneuronen enthalten Informationen über die Dauer, die Frequenz und die Amplitude von Wasserbewegungen. Während Antworten auf Dipolreize vom Epidermalsystem im Fließwasser maskiert werden, antworten Kanalneuromasten unter Still‐ und Fließwasserbedingungen ähnlich gut. Seitenlinieninformationen werden auf allen Ebenen des Zentralnervensystems verarbeitet. Dabei gibt es zumindest auf der Ebene des Nachhirns getrennte Bahnen für das Kanal‐ und Epidermalsystem.
Eukaryotische Zelle: Symbiose statt Endosymbiose?
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: November 2004

AbstractNoch heute werden in vielen Lehrbüchern die DNA‐haltigen Organellen Mitochondrien und Chloroplasten als “semiautonome Endosymbionten” bezeichnet. Neue Berechnungen von DNA‐Sequenzdaten zeigen, dass die eukaryotische Zelle und ihre Charakteristika wie Zellkern, Membransysteme und Mitochondrien [1] vermutlich nicht durch Aufnahme/Endosymbiose entstanden, sondern durch eine Fusion aus Archaea‐ und Bakterien‐Zellen.
Eierpiraten
Authors: Knoll Ulrike 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBislang klang das Geschlechtsleben des Grasfrosches (Rana temporaria) eher unspektakulär: Fest im Griff des Partners stößt das Weibchen im Wasser seine Eier aus, die das Männchen sogleich befruchtet. Doch nach dem Auflösen des Doppeldeckers schlägt manchmal die Stunde von Piraten, die das frische Gelege kapern.
Was Stadt‐ und Waldamseln unterscheidet
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: November 2004

AbstractDie Amsel war zu Anfang des letzten Jahrhunderts noch ausschließlich als ein scheuer Waldvogel bekannt und ist innerhalb weniger Jahrzehnte plötzlich in die Kernbereiche von Städten und Siedlungen vorgedrungen. Damit gilt sie als ein klassisches Beispiel für die Verstädterung von Tierarten, mit der sich auch das Verhalten der Tiere ändert. Biologen konnten nun nachweisen, dass das jahreszeitlich frühe Brüten von Stadt‐Amseln nicht nur umweltbedingt, sondern vermutlich auch genetisch verursacht ist.
Biologie im Planetarium
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: November 2004

AbstractPlanetarien waren bislang eine Domäne der Astronomie. Nun ermöglichen technische Innovationen die ansprechend aufbereitete Vermittlung von Erkenntnissen aus anderen Wissenschaftsdisziplinen. Mit der multimedialen Veranstaltung “Faszination Regenwald” ist in Kiel erstmals für den deutschsprachigen Raum ein rein biologisches Thema unter einer Sternenkuppel inszeniert worden.
Accumulation of hRad9 protein in the nuclei of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Maniwa Yoshimasa , Yoshimura Masahiro , Bermudez Vladimir P. , Yuki Takeshi , Okada Kenji , Kanomata Naoki , Ohbayashi Chiho , Hayashi Yoshitake , Hurwitz Jerard , Okita Yutaka 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDDNA damage sensor proteins have received much attention as upstream components of the DNA damage checkpoint signaling pathway that are required for cell cycle control and the induction of apoptosis. Deficiencies in these proteins are directly linked to the accumulation of gene mutations, which can induce cellular transformation and result in malignant disease.METHODSUsing 48 sets of tumor tissue specimens and peripheral normal lung tissue specimens from 48 patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) who underwent surgery, the authors investigated the expression of hRad9 protein, a member of the human DNA damage sensor family, using immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses.RESULTSImmunohistochemical analysis detected the accumulation of hRad9 in the nuclei of tumor cells in 16 tumor tissue specimens, (33% of tumor tissue specimens examined). Western blot analysis also revealed elevated levels of phosphorylated hRad9 protein in NSCLC cells that was accompanied by the detection of phosphorylated Chk1, a protein kinase that regulates the downstream signaling of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Furthermore, strong expression of hRad9 was correlated with an increase in Ki‐67 expression index in the tumor cells that were examined.CONCLUSIONSThe findings made in the current study suggest that Rad9 expression may play an important role in cell cycle control in NSCLC cells and may influence NSCLC cell phenotype. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Gemcitabine, 5‐fluorouracil, and leucovorin in advanced biliary tract and gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Alberts Steven R. , Al‐Khatib Hani , Mahoney Michelle R. , Burgart Lawerence , Cera Peter J. , Flynn Patrick J. , Finch Tom R. , Levitt Ralph , Windschitl Harold E. , Knost James A. , Tschetter Loren K. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDGemcitabine has broad activity in a variety of solid tumors including biliary tract carcinomas. The authors evaluated 6‐month survival, response, and toxicity associated with a combination of gemcitabine, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), and leucovorin (LV) in patients with unresectable or metastatic biliary tract or gallbladder adenocarcinoma (ACA).METHODSA 4‐week course included 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes on Days 1, 8, and 15, 25 mg/m2 LV by intravenous push, and 600 mg/m2 5‐FU by intravenous push after LV.RESULTSForty‐two patients were enrolled in 6 months, 35 of whom had metastatic disease. Patients with biliary tract ACA included 24 with hepatic disease (19 patients had intrahepatic disease and 5 patients had extrahepatic disease) and 4 with disease in the ampulla of Vater. All patients were evaluable and received a median of 4 courses of treatment (range, 1–21 courses). Commonly occurring severe toxicity (NCI CTC Grade 3 or worse) included: dyspnea (four patients), nausea (four patients), fatigue (seven patients), thrombocytopenia (six patients), emesis (four patients), and diarrhea (four patients). Five partial responses (9.5%) occurred, 3 of which were sustained for ≥ 8 weeks. No treatment‐related deaths occurred. Thirty‐two patients had disease progression and 38 died after a median follow‐up of 20 months (range, 1.4–24 months). The median time to disease progression was 4.6 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.4–6.6%). The median survival period was 9.7 months (95% CI, 7–12%).CONCLUSIONSThis combination regimen was manageable in patients with advanced biliary tract and gallbladder ACA. Of 42 patients, 24 (57%) survived ≥ 6 months, satisfying the primary end point of the trial. The length of survival suggested that gemcitabine, 5‐FU, and LV had benefit equivalent to gemcitabine alone. Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Phase II trial of irinotecan plus celecoxib in adults with recurrent malignant glioma
Authors: Reardon David A. , Quinn Jennifer A. , Vredenburgh James , Rich Jeremy N. , Gururangan Sridharan , Badruddoja Michael , Herndon James E. , Dowell Jeannette M. , Friedman Allan H. , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the current study, the authors report a Phase II trial of irinotecan (CPT‐11), a topoisomerase I inhibitor active against malignant glioma (MG), with celecoxib, a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, among MG patients with recurrent disease.METHODSPatients with MG at any type of recurrence received CPT‐11, administered as a 90‐minute intravenous infusion on Weeks 1, 2, 4, and 5 of each 6‐week cycle plus celecoxib, which was administered continuously at a dose of 400 mg twice a day. CPT‐11 was given at a dose of 350 mg/m2 for patients receiving enzyme‐inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and at a dose of 125 mg/m2 for those patients not receiving EIAEDs. Assessments were performed after every cycle. The primary endpoint was radiographic response and the secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and therapeutic safety.RESULTSThirty‐four of the 37 patients enrolled in the current study (92%) were diagnosed with recurrent GBM and 3 patients (8%) were diagnosed with recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). Twenty‐one patients were receiving EIAEDs and 16 patients were not. The median follow‐up time was 76.9 weeks. Concomitant CPT‐11 plus celecoxib was found to be well tolerated and safe. Hematologic toxicities of ≥ Grade 3 (according the second version of the Common Toxicity Criteria of the National Cancer Institute) reportedly complicated 8.6% of treatment courses. Grade 3 diarrhea, the most commonly reported nonhematologic toxicity, occurred with equal frequency (8%), regardless of whether the patient was receiving EIAED. Six patients (16%), all whom were diagnosed with recurrent GBM, achieved an objective radiographic response whereas an additional 13 patients (35%) achieved stable disease. The median PFS was 11.0 weeks and the 6‐month PFS was reported to be 25.1%. The median OS was 31.5 weeks.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study confirm that CPT‐11 plus celecoxib can be safely administered concurrently at full dose levels, and that this regimen has encouraging activity among heavily pretreated patients with recurrent MG. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
The correlation between fatigue, physical function, the systemic inflammatory response, and psychological distress in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Brown Duncan J. F. , McMillan Donald C. , Milroy Robert 
Published: November 2004

AbstractBACKGROUNDFunctional disability is reported frequently in fatigued cancer patients, but little is known about the correlation between fatigue and objective physical function. In addition, from previous work, the systemic inflammatory response and psychological distress appear to be related to fatigue.METHODSThirty‐eight patients with metastatic or locally advanced lung carcinoma and 15 age‐matched and gender‐matched, healthy controls completed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue scale, a visual analogue weakness score, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. Hemoglobin concentrations, C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, creatine kinase concentrations, white blood cell count, body composition, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), grip strength, and chair‐rise time also were measured in both groups. The cancer patients were then grouped into tertiles on the basis of fatigue scores.RESULTSThe cancer patients had greater fatigue compared with the control group (P < 0.001). They also weighed less, had lower hemoglobin and creatine kinase levels and higher CRP levels, and had lower KPS, poorer grip strength, longer chair‐rise times, and increased HAD scale scores (all P < 0.01). KPS and chair‐rise time were correlated strongly (r2 = 0.565; P < 0.001). With increasing fatigue, KPS was lower, and chair‐rise time and HAD scale scores were greater (P < 0.01). On multiple regression analysis, only KPS, weakness, and HAD scale scores were correlated independently with fatigue (r2 = 0.570; P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSObjective physical function (as measured by chair‐rise time) in patients with advanced lung cancer was poorer with increasing fatigue. Results of the current study suggest that fatigue is not a result primarily of weight loss or anemia but is related to KPS and psychological distress. [See editorial on pages 213–5, this issue.] Cancer 2005. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Quantitative analysis of neuronal morphologies in the mouse retina visualized by using a genetically directed reporter
Authors: Badea Tudor Constantin , Nathans Jeremy 
Published: November 2004

AbstractAn alkaline phosphatase (AP) reporter has been used to visualize detailed morphologies for all major classes of retinal neurons in the adult mouse. The analysis was performed on retinas in which AP expression was activated by Cre‐mediated DNA recombination in a small fraction of cells. Recombination was controlled pharmacologically and, to a first approximation, appears to have occurred randomly. The morphologies of 794 inner retinal neurons have been analyzed by measuring arbor area, stratification level, and neurite branching patterns. When analyzed in this multidimensional parametric space, the cells can be clustered into subgroups by visual inspection and by using the Ward's and K‐means algorithms. One application of this cell morphology data set and cluster analysis is as a standard for comparison with the retinas of genetically altered mice. This work illustrates the utility and feasibility of genetically directed marking methods for large‐scale surveys of neuronal morphology. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:331–351, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Commissural propriospinal connections between the lateral aspects of laminae III–IV in the lumbar spinal cord of rats
Authors: Petkó Mihály , Veress Gábor , Vereb György , Storm‐Mathisen Jon , Antal Miklós 
Published: November 2004

AbstractIt has been established that there is a strong functional link between sensory neural circuits on the two sides of the spinal cord. In one of our recent studies we provided a morphological confirmation of this functional phenomenon, presenting evidence for the presence of a direct commissural connection between the lateral aspects of the dorsal horn on the two sides of the lumbar spinal cord. By using a combination of neural tracing and immunocytochemical detection of neural markers like vesicular glutamate transporters, glutamic acid decarboxylase, glycine transporter, and met‐enkephalin (which are characteristic of various subsets of excitatory and inhibitory neurons), we investigated here the distribution, synaptic relations, and neurochemical characteristics of the commissural axon terminals. We found that the cells of origin of commissural fibers in the lateral aspect of the dorsal horn were confined to laminae III–IV and projected to the corresponding area of the contralateral gray matter. Most of the commissural axon terminals established synaptic contacts with dendrites. Axospinous or axosomatic synaptic contacts were found in limited numbers. We demonstrated that interactions among commissural neurons also exist. More than three‐fourths of the labeled axon terminals were immunostained for glutamic acid decarboxylase and/or glycine transporter, but none of them showed positive immunoreaction for met‐enkephalin and vesicular glutamate transporters. The results indicate that there is a substantial reciprocal commissural synaptic interaction between the lateral aspects of laminae III–IV on the two sides of the lumbar spinal cord and that this pathway may transmit both inhibitory and excitatory signals to their postsynaptic targets. J. Comp. Neurol. 480:364–377, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reporting sick: are sporting events contagious?
Authors: Thoursie Peter Skogman 
Published: November 2004

AbstractMoral hazard is easy to justify theoretically but difficult to detect empirically. Individuals may report sick due to illness as well as for moral hazard reasons. Potential abuse of the sickness insurance system in Sweden is estimated by comparing the change between the number of men and women who report sick during a popular sporting event and a preceding time period. Difference‐in‐differences estimates provide clear evidence that the number of men who reported sick increased in order to watch the sporting event on television. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A structural dynamic analysis of retirement behaviour in the Netherlands
Authors: Heyma Arjan 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis study focuses on determinants of elderly labour force participation and retirement decisions in the Netherlands. This is analysed by a dynamic programming model for the simultaneous choice of retirement age and route, which includes social insurance and private pensions, eligibility conditions for early retirement, lifecycle wage and health profiles, and layoffs. Special attention is given to opportunities for and the effect of participation policies. Results show that institutional structures of benefit and pension programmes are prime determinants of retirement, particularly eligibility conditions and potential substitution between exit routes, and that dynamic aspects are relevant for understanding retirement behaviour. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retirement behaviour of Dutch elderly households
Authors: Mastrogiacomo Mauro , Alessie Rob , Lindeboom Maarten 
Published: November 2004

AbstractWe specify and estimate retirement models for singles and married couples and estimate these on data from the Dutch Socio‐Economic Panel. We perform some simulations and find strong effects of retirement options in determining the retirement behaviour within different household types. Model estimates are used to simulate the effect of relevant retirement policies across subgroups. We find that the disadvantageous treatment of the old age pension in the Netherlands for married households with two earners has unintended perverse effects on the labour market behaviour of couples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.