bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a transitional care model following hospitalization for heart failure: 3‐year outcomes of the Patient‐Centered Care Transitions in Heart Failure (PACT‐HF) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Averbuch Tauben , Lee Shun Fu , Zagorski Brandon , Mebazaa Alexandre , Fonarow Gregg C. , Thabane Lehana , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsPatients are at high risk of death or readmission following hospitalization for heart failure (HF). We tested the effect of a transitional care model that included month‐long nurse‐led home visits and long‐term heart function clinic visits ‐ with services titrated to estimated risk of clinical events ‐ on 3‐year outcomes following hospitalization.Methods and resultsIn a pragmatic, stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial, 10 hospitals were randomized to the intervention versus usual care. The primary outcome was a composite of all‐cause death, readmission, or emergency department (ED) visit. Secondary outcomes included components of the primary composite outcomes, HF readmissions and healthcare resource utilization. There were 2494 patients (50.4% female) with mean age of 77.7 years. The primary outcome was reached in 1040 (94.2%) patients in the intervention and 1314 (94.5%) in the usual care group at 3 years. The intervention did not reduce the risk of the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.81–1.05) nor the component outcomes overall, although numerically reduced the risk of ED visits in women but not men (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–1.00 vs. HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.80–1.19; sex‐treatment interaction p = 0.23). The uptake of guideline‐directed medical therapy was no different with the intervention than with usual care, with the exception of sacubitril/valsartan, which increased with the intervention (3.3% vs 1.5%; relative risk 6.2, 95% CI 1.92–20.06).ConclusionsMore than 9 of 10 patients hospitalized for HF experienced all‐cause death, readmission, or ED visit at 3 years. A transitional care model with services titrated to risk did not improve the composite of these endpoints, likely because there were no major differences in uptake of medical therapies between the groups.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02112227.
Chemical Recycling of Polycarbonates via Ammonolysis and Polycaprolactones by KOH‐Catalyzed Methanolysis
Authors: Shaikh Tanveer Mahmadalli , Sudalai Arumugam , Cho Kanghee , Jo Changbum 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemical recycling polymer waste is a highly required technology to follow the current carbon‐neutral trend. Here, we present practical recycling methods for poly (bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) and poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL). PC can be converted to bisphenol A and urea with excellent product yield at 80 °C via ammonolysis using ammonium salt (ammonium‐formate or ‐carbonate) instead of liquid ammonia that is usually used in previous PC recycling. PCL can be converted to methyl 6‐hydroxy‐hexanoate monomer with excellent yield at 80 °C via methanolysis catalyzed by KOH.
Cumulative power spectral density‐based damping estimation
Authors: Kim Wonsul , Hwang Jae‐Seung , Kwon Dae‐Kun , Kareem Ahsan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDamping is one of the critical factors in evaluating the performance of a structure under loads resulting from winds, waves, and earthquakes. Due to significant uncertainties associated with the damping mechanism and methods of its evaluation, its accurate estimation remains a challenging task. Therefore, many studies have focused on the development of damping estimation schemes. In this study, a simple yet effective scheme based on “Dynamics 101” for estimating damping in structures that draws upon attributes of the cumulative power spectral density (CPSD) function is proposed. The underlying principle is that the damping ratio can be estimated by comparing the computed CPSD of the modal response derived from measured data with the corresponding theoretical CPSD that is, defined by natural frequency and damping ratio. Unlike the jaggedness often observed in the power spectral density (PSD) that leads to uncertainty in damping estimates, the CPSD is characterized by its smoothness as it stems from the integration of the PSD. Theoretical characteristics of CPSD were utilized for extracting damping, and it was also extended to include non‐classically damped systems. Using numerically simulated data and full‐scale measurements, the validity and efficacy of the proposed scheme have been demonstrated. It is also demonstrated that this simplistic approach, requiring elementary knowledge of dynamics, yields results of the quality that match those of more advanced techniques. This offers an attractive scheme for practical applications with a promise of automation through a simple algorithm or a machine learning‐based environment.
Unveiling the importance of the interface in nanocomposite cathodes for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yin Yanru , Wang Yifan , Yang Nan , Bi Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDesigning a high‐performance cathode is essential for the development of proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs), and nanocomposite cathodes have proven to be an effective means of achieving this. However, the mechanism behind the nanocomposite cathodes' remarkable performance remains unknown. Doping the Co element into BaZrO3 can result in the development of BaCoO3 and BaZr0.7Co0.3O3 nanocomposites when the doping concentration exceeds 30%, according to the present study. The construction of the BaCoO3/BaZr0.7Co0.3O3 interface is essential for the enhancement of the cathode catalytic activity, as demonstrated by thin‐film studies using pulsed laser deposition to simulate the interface of the BCO and BZCO individual particles and first‐principles calculations to predict the oxygen reduction reaction steps. Eventually, the H‐SOFC with a BaZr0.4Co0.6O3 cathode produces a record‐breaking power density of 2253 mW cm−2 at 700°C.
Hepatic polypeptide nutrient solution improves high‐cholesterol diet‐induced rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Yingying , Wang Jianan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Ting , Qi Xingzhong , Hou Lei , Ma Zhihong , Xu Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHepatic polypeptide nutrient solution (HP) is a mixture of hepatoprotective peptides derived from fresh porcine liver with various effects. However, the role and mechanisms of HP in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still not well understood. We investigated the effects of HP NAFLD rats induced by high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were provided with HCD for 4 weeks and then received HP or metformin after 2 weeks of HCD feeding. The study found that HP reduced cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats with NAFLD (all p < .05). Histopathological examination also showed that HP improved the liver lesions induced by the HCD diet. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses of NAFLD rats treated with HP were also improved. In addition, it was discovered that HP triggered the activation of AMPK and decreased the expression of SREBP‐1c and FAS while enhancing the expression of PPAR α and CPT‐1 in liver. These findings indicated that HP might have therapeutic potential for NAFLD, possibly via activating AMPK signaling pathway.
Evaluation of the physical, antioxidant, and organoleptic properties of biscuits fortified with edible flower powders
Authors: Sik Beatrix , Ajtony Zsolt , Lakatos Erika , Gál Laura Hanna , Székelyhidi Rita 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFoods enriched with plants have gradually become an area of increasing research interest because plant ingredients may offer several positive effects on human health and the body. The aim of our study was to develop biscuits fortified with three different types of edible flowers (marigold, lavender, and rose) and examine their physical and antioxidant characteristics, as well as consumer acceptability. The antioxidant properties and characterization of biscuits highlighted that edible flowers may cause increased total polyphenol and total flavonoid yields, as well as DPPH radical scavenging activities. Concerning biscuits fortified with rose petals, the total monomer anthocyanin content was also raised. In addition, the results showed that the antioxidant properties of biscuits increased with increasing concentration (from 2.5% to 5.0%) of edible flowers. Despite this, the consumer acceptability results clearly showed that the addition of marigold and lavender at a concentration of 5.0% caused significantly decreased overall acceptance. We found that the fortification step may increase the spread ratio, which is an important quality attribute of biscuits. We found slight variations in the diameter, thickness, and baking loss parameters of fortified biscuits compared to the control. All in all, the best results were obtained when the biscuits were fortified with rose petals at a concentration of 5%.
Large‐scale investigation of white matter structural differences in bilingual and monolingual children: An adolescent brain cognitive development data study
Authors: Ronderos Juliana , Zuk Jennifer , Hernandez Arturo E. , Vaughn Kelly A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmerging research has provided valuable insights into the structural characteristics of the bilingual brain from studies of bilingual adults; however, there is a dearth of evidence examining brain structural alterations in childhood associated with the bilingual experience. This study examined the associations between bilingualism and white matter organization in bilingual children compared to monolingual peers leveraging the large‐scale data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Then, 446 bilingual children (ages 9–10) were identified from the participants in the ABCD data and rigorously matched to a group of 446 monolingual peers. Multiple regression models for selected language and cognitive control white matter pathways were used to compare white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) values between bilinguals and monolinguals, controlling for demographic and environmental factors as covariates in the models. Results revealed significantly lower FA values in bilinguals compared to monolinguals across established dorsal and ventral language network pathways bilaterally (i.e., the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior frontal‐occipital fasciculus) and right‐hemispheric pathways in areas related to cognitive control and short‐term memory (i.e., cingulum and parahippocampal cingulum). In contrast to the enhanced FA values observed in adult bilinguals relative to monolinguals, our findings of lower FA in bilingual children relative to monolinguals may suggest a protracted development of white matter pathways associated with language and cognitive control resulting from dual language learning in childhood. Further, these findings underscore the need for large‐scale longitudinal investigation of white matter development in bilingual children to understand neuroplasticity associated with the bilingual experience during this period of heightened language learning.
A Scalable and Chromatography‐Free Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene]‐2‐amine, a new Hole Transport Material for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Aeschi Yves , Beck Thorsten M. , Berens Ulrich , Ernst Alexander 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe title triarylamine N,N‐bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene]‐2‐amine is a new hole transport material for organic solar cells. After investigating different discovery approaches (Schemes 1 + 2), a multi gram‐scale synthetic sequence was developed (Scheme 4). The key intermediate 2‐bromo‐9‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐9H‐fluorene was accessible from 2‐bromo‐9‐fluorenone by either the sequence Grignard reaction, Et3SiH/BF3 reduction or by direct arylation of the corresponding 2‐bromo‐9‐fluorenol. Alkylation at C(9) of 2‐bromo‐9‐(2,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐9H‐fluorene with methallyl chloride and cyclization by an intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts alkylation led to the key building block 2‐bromo‐3′,3′,4′,7′‐tetramethyl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[fluorene‐9,1′‐indene] (Scheme 4). A Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling was employed (Scheme 3 + 4) for the assembly of the final triarylamines. The developed gram‐scale synthesis of the title compound is scalable and chromatography‐free with an overall yield >25 % over 5 steps.
CH4/air combustion in a microscale recirculating heat exchanger: Sizing design using the heat transfer approach
Authors: Mohan Sooraj , Dinesha P. , Rosen Marc A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrocombustors are microscale combustion devices that can be used to power microelectromechanical systems. Many combustor configurations are reported in the literature and, among them, combustion in a microscale recirculating heat exchanger is a feasible option. In this work, a simple, double‐channel, recirculating heat exchanger is considered. The novelty of the present work lies in the heat transfer analysis approach to design a microcombustor. A combustor is designed using thermal resistance networks for a premixed fuel containing a methane–air mixture in stoichiometric ratio. The length of the combustor is designed based on the position of the combustion flame. Computational fluid dynamics is utilized to validate the theoretical results. The analysis is carried out for adiabatic and nonadiabatic conditions. The combustor lengths for adiabatic and nonadiabatic (ceramic) combustors vary from 39 to 242 mm and 49 to 276 mm, respectively, for variations in the mass flow rate of the premixed gases from 6 to 10 mg/s. A minimum limiting flow rate of 6 mg/s was identified. The average error in the maximum combustion gas temperatures between the theoretical and CFD results obtained in this work is 4.2%. The theoretical approach presented can be suitably applied to more complex geometries involving multichannels and variations in geometrical properties.
Hermeneutical justice as the foundation of cosmopolitan literacy in a post‐truth age
Authors: Choo Suzanne S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTwo concepts characterize the zeitgeist of the 21st century. The first is the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which provides a positivistic vision of societal transformation caused by the explosion and fusion of technologies. The second is post‐truth, in which objective facts have become less influential than appeals to emotion or personal belief. The concurrent visibility of both concepts suggests their interconnection. Indeed, digital porosity, exacerbated by technological advancements, is a catalyst for post‐truth. Given this climate, cosmopolitan literacies are fundamental to promoting ethical ways of living and relating to diverse others. In this paper, I argue that what is foundational to cosmopolitan literacies is hermeneutical justice. Without hermeneutical justice, all communicative practices are liable to post‐truths and misinformed acts of justice. I begin by explaining the concept of hermeneutical justice and proceed to discuss its implications for cosmopolitan literacy practices.
Caliper, contrast enhanced‐ultrasound or laser speckle contrast imaging: Techniques to follow mice melanoma growth
Authors: Mellinger Adélie , Hersant Jeanne , Bourreau Clara , Lecoq Simon , Deveze Eva , Clere Nicolas , Henni Samir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to morphological characteristics, metastatic melanoma is a cancer for which vascularization is not a diagnostic criterion. Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) are two imaging techniques that will be explored in this study, which aims to confirm these two techniques for monitoring tumor vascularization. B16F10 cells were xenografted to C57BL/6 mice treated with anti‐PD1 or 0.9% NaCl. Tumor volume was measured daily while CEUS and LSCI were performed weekly. LSCI and CEUS analyses showed a decrease in tumor perfusion in both groups of mice. Although both CEUS and LSCI are useful for measuring tumor volume, LSCI appears to be more robust and effective for monitoring tumor microcirculation. Non‐invasive investigations are needed to better predict tumor vascularization: CEUS and LSCI have a good applicability in a mice model.
Assessing the efficacy of a 100 ps Nd:YAG laser for tattoo removal in a minipig model
Authors: Baleisis Justinas , Rudys Romualdas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a minipig model, we evaluated the efficacy of the 100 ps Nd:YAG laser in the removal of tattoo pigments, specifically blue, green, red, and yellow. We observed distinct pigment responses to 532/1064 nm wavelengths at various energy settings. Through a combination of clinical, spectroscopic, and histological methods, we found the 532 nm wavelength to be most effective in disrupting all colors, with notable results for green and yellow at 0.4 J/cm2 and red at 0.72 J/cm2. The 1064 nm wavelength reduced pigment in yellow (1.51 J/cm2), green (1.35 J/cm2), and blue (1.11 J/cm2) tattoos, but was surpassed by the 532 nm in efficiency. Our data underscores the crucial interplay between pigment traits and laser settings in tattoo removal. We advocate for tailored treatment strategies, integrating pigment hue and laser wavelength, to enhance removal outcomes.
Lipid extraction of high‐moisture sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones by supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Kniepkamp Kai , Errico Massimiliano , Yu Miao , Roda‐Serrat Maria Cinta , Eilers Jelle‐Geert , Wark Michael , van Haren Rob 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) stones are the major byproduct of the cherry industry and the efficient management of this biowaste can lead to achieving the food processing sustainability aimed at by the modern food industry. Despite its significant content of lipids, the valorization of cherry stone waste as feedstock for lipid extraction appears to be limited due to the high moisture content. This study explores the primary factors that affect the yield of lipid extraction using Soxhlet, Randall and supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction methods, with a particular emphasis on yield optimization for green extraction technologies (scCO2).RESULTSThe investigation revealed an increased lipid extraction yield for scCO2 from 7.4 for dry crushed stones to 20.6 g per 100 g dry weight when the cherry kernels are separated. The high initial moisture content affected all three extraction methods, but mostly impacted the scCO2 extraction, resulting in the co‐extraction of an aqueous phase. Lipid and aqueous yield could be manipulated by time, temperature and pressure. However, no observable influence on the composition of fatty acid methyl esters was detected.CONCLUSIONNumerous approaches are shown to enhance the lipid yield from cherry stone waste, depending on the desired outcome. When dealing with wet samples, Randall extraction proves to be the most effective method. On the other hand, scCO2 extraction presents distinct advantages, such as the extraction of food‐grade lipids and the co‐extraction of a unique aqueous phase, which comes at the expense of a reduced lipid yield. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Decrypting solvent‐free microwave as a dual green extraction: studying simultaneous extraction of essential oil and phenolics from the same biomass – valorization and outperforming traditional approaches
Authors: Mukherjee Souvik , Chouhan Kavi Bhushan Singh , Mandal Vivekananda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current research work focuses on the sustainable utilization of plant biomass so that two separate classes of phytocompounds (volatile and non‐volatile principles) can be extracted from the same biomass simultaneously. The hydro‐diffusion and gravity variant of solvent‐free microwave‐based extraction (MHG‐SFME) was attempted for the extraction of Piper betle L. essential oil (PBEO).RESULTSThe threat of milky emulsion has been exemplified for the first time which is likely to occur when the biomass temperature exceeds a critical value (85 °C). A microwave power level of 255 W with 25 min of extraction time produced PBEO with eugenol content 123% more than that obtained with steam distillation (SD). The said optimal MHG‐SFME conditions returned PBEO with the highest phenolic (20.8 mg GAE g−1 of oil) and eugenol (657.57 μg g−1) contents. PBEO showed better thermal behavior when compared to the EO obtained from SD.CONCLUSIONThe proposed method was capable of retaining non‐volatile principles, as the retention of total phenolics in biomass after MHG‐SFME was found to be 95%, indicating reusability of the biomass for the extraction of non‐volatile principles. In contrast, the retention factor of phenolics content for SD was found to be 17.7% only. Real‐time evidence in the form of chemo‐microscopy and scanning electron microscopy was generated to understand the retention of phenolics and ultrastructural changes upon microwave exposure. Complete glandular rupture was evident in the biomass subjected to MHG‐SFME while the oil glands appeared squeezed for the biomass which underwent SD. Complete profiling of phenolics and flavonoid principles of the leftover biomass was carried out. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Exploring software navigation tools for liver tumour angiography: a scoping review
Authors: Brunskill Nathan , Robinson John , Nocum Don , Reed Warren 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionLiver cancer presents a growing global health concern, necessitating advanced approaches for intervention. This review investigates the use and effectiveness of software navigation in interventional radiology for liver tumour procedures.MethodsIn accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines, a scoping review was conducted of the literature published between 2013 and 2023 sourcing articles through MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase. Eligible studies focused on liver cancer, utilised cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), and employed software for intervention. Twenty‐one articles were deemed eligible for data extraction and analysis.ResultsCategorised by type, software applications yielded diverse benefits. Feeder detection software significantly enhanced vessel identification, reducing non‐target embolisation by up to 43%. Motion correction software demonstrated a 20% enhancement in image quality, effectively mitigating breathing‐induced motion artefacts. Liver perfusion software facilitated efficient tumour targeting while simultaneously reducing the occurrence of side effects. Needle guide software enabled precise radiofrequency ablation needle placement. Additionally, these software applications provided detailed anatomical simulations. Overall, software integration resulted in shorter procedures, reduced radiation exposure and decreased contrast media usage.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the innovative yet relatively underexplored role of software navigation for liver tumour procedures. The integration of software applications not only enhances procedural efficiency but also bolsters operator confidence, and contributes to improved patient outcomes. Despite the current lack of uniformity and standardisation, these software‐driven advancements hold significant promise for transforming liver tumour interventions. To realise these benefits, further research is needed to explore the clinical impact and optimal utilisation of software navigation tools in interventional radiology.