bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The FUT1 and ESR genes – their variability and associations with reproduction in Přeštice Black‐Pied sows
Authors: Horák P. , Urban T. , Dvořák J. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryThe determination of genetic variability by means of molecular genetic markers FUT1 and ESR2, and the evaluation of their associations with reproduction traits in population of Přeštice Black‐Pied sows have been implemented. A lower frequency of the allele FUT1A than the frequency of the allele FUT1G in the FUT1 gene was ascertained. In the ESR2 polymorphism, a higher frequency of the allele ESR2A compared with the allele ESR2B was determined. In the second to sixth litters as well as in the first to sixth litters, a significantly lower number of piglets born alive and number of weaned piglets from sows of the FUT1A/FUT1A genotype was found. Moreover, the homozygotes FUT1G/FUT1G significantly exceeded sows of the FUT1A/FUT1A genotype in the total number of born piglets in the first to sixth litters. No significant effect of the ESR2 polymorphism on reproduction was observed.
Using expected allele number as objective function to design between and within breed conservation of farm animal biodiversity
Authors: Simianer H. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryConservation of genetic diversity in farm animal species can be achieved by preventing extinction of breeds and by reducing genetic drift within breeds. It is suggested to use the expected number of alleles segregating in the species after a given time period as objective function in the design of conservation strategies. A formal approach is presented to predict this quantity based on marker information, accounting for extinction probability of breeds and effective population size within breeds as the major component of genetic drift. Based on this model, relative efficiency of different strategies of diversity conservation can be quantified. Formulas are given to derive the marginal expected number of alleles with respect to genetic drift within population and extinction probability, respectively. The suggested approach is illustrated with an example of 13 European cattle breeds. With the assumed parameters, drift is shown to be the major force leading to loss of alleles, and different breeds are prioritized for activities to reduce risk of extinction and for measures to reduce genetic drift, respectively. Although different aspects of the model need to be further refined, the suggested methodology provides a general and flexible tool to derive the optimum conservation strategy in various scenarios.
Long‐term responses, changes in genetic variances and inbreeding depression from 122 generations of selection on increased litter size in mice
Authors: Holt M. , Meuwissen T. , Vangen O. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryData on mice selected for litter size over 122 generations have been analysed in order to reveal the effect of long‐term selection on responses and changes in variances over a long selection period. Originally, three lines were established from the same base population, namely an H line selected for large litter size, an L line selected for small litter size and a K line without selection. In generation 122, the mean number of pups born alive (NBA) was 22 for the H line and 11 for the K line. Phenotypic response to selection is reduced over generations, but crossing of plateaued lines increased responses and realized heritabilities. Both realized heritabilities and heritabilities from residual maximal likelihood (REML) analyses were, in general, calculated from generation (−1)–44 (period 1), 45–70 (period 2) and 71–122 (period 3) separately. Realized heritabilities were in general smaller than heritabilities estimated from mixed model analysis. An overall estimate of heritability for NBA was found to be 0.19 (±0.01) by REML analysis. Additive variance is constant over all periods in the high line and the control line, but is reduced over periods in the low line. The reduction of additive variance in the low line could probably be explained by changes in gene frequencies. In all lines, environmental variances increased over periods. Inbreeding reduced the mean litter size by 0.72 (±0.10) pups per 10% increase in inbreeding, with substantial variance between periods and lines.
Prediction of random effects in finite mixture models with Gaussian components
Authors: Gianola D. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryPrediction of random effects in finite mixture models with Gaussian distributions is discussed from a non‐Bayesian perspective, assuming that location and dispersion parameters are known. The focus is on calculating the best predictor, that is, the statistic with minimum expected squared prediction error, for several models. Coverage includes mixture sampling models, as well as mixtures for the distribution of the random effects. Longitudinal and cross‐sectional specifications with correlated random effects, such as those arising in animal breeding and genetics, are examined. The best linear predictor and the best linear unbiased predictor are derived for these models as well.
Transcriptional profiling of the hyperthermophilic methanarchaeon Methanococcus jannaschii in response to lethal heat and non‐lethal cold shock
Authors: Boonyaratanakornkit Boonchai B. , Simpson Anjana J. , Whitehead Timothy A. , Fraser Claire M. , El‐Sayed Najib M. A. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: May 2005

SummaryTemperature shock of the hyperthermophilic methanarchaeon Methanococcus jannaschii from its optimal growth temperature of 85°C to 65°C and 95°C resulted in different transcriptional responses characteristic of both the direction of shock (heat or cold shock) and whether the shock was lethal. Specific outcomes of lethal heat shock to 95°C included upregulation of genes encoding chaperones, and downregulation of genes encoding subunits of the H+ transporting ATP synthase. A gene encoding an α subunit of a putative prefoldin was also upregulated, which may comprise a novel element in the protein processing pathway in M. jannaschii. Very different responses were observed upon cold shock to 65°C. These included upregulation of a gene encoding an RNA helicase and other genes involved in transcription and translation, and upregulation of genes coding for proteases and transport proteins. Also upregulated was a gene that codes for an 18 kDa FKBP‐type PPIase, which may facilitate protein folding at low temperatures. Transcriptional profiling also revealed several hypothetical proteins that respond to temperature stress conditions.
Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale: Danish adaptation and a pilot study for testing psychometric properties
Authors: Muus Ingrid , Ringsberg Karin C. 
Published: May 2005

Background and purpose:  Stroke has an effect on many aspects of quality of life (QoL) and therefore it is important to measure the magnitude of the impact. Items in the American version of the Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SS‐QoL) Scale are developed with help from patients with stroke and include even language impairments.Aims:  To translate and culturally adapt the American SS‐QoL Scale, version 2.0, a stroke‐specific instrument measuring health‐related QoL, into a Danish version, and to perform a pilot testing of the psychometric properties of the instrument.Methods:  The guidelines recommended by Guillemin et al. (J Clin Epidemiol, 46, 1993, 1417) were followed including two independent forward and one back translation, inclusion of laymen, here patients with stroke and their spouses, pretest, and examining selected items with a probing technique. Four couples were included in the pretest, 14 in the pilot study. The patients for pretest and pilot study were selected strategically with regard to interest for participation, experience as stroke survivors, sufficient capacity of language perception and cohabitant status.Results:  In the Danish version instructions were made more distinct and formal than in the original American version. Explanatory examples within the items were excluded. One new item adjusted for Danish conditions replaced one in the original version, and the response categories concerning personality were adjusted for cultural differences. The pilot study resulted in a more explicit formulation of the instructions to mark each item only once and on the same line as the item.Conclusions:  A Danish version of SS‐QoL version 2.0 has been developed and content as well as format has proved relevant and acceptable to patients with stroke including those with impaired language production. The next step is testing the psychometric properties of the instrument.
Recognition of client values as a basis for tailored care: the view of Dutch expert patients and family caregivers
Authors: Schoot Tineke , Proot Ireen , Meulen Ruud ter , de Witte Luc 
Published: May 2005

In the Netherlands confusion is signalled about the introduction of new care concepts like demand‐oriented care. The aim of this article is to explore the phenomenon ‘interaction aimed at care tailored to the client demand’ as seen by expert clients: patients and their family caregivers. Focus interviews were held with expert patients and expert family caregivers of the ‘Dutch Council of the Chronically ill and the Disabled’. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyse the results.Recognition by the professional of client values underlying their demand (uniqueness, comprehensiveness, continuity of life, fairness and autonomy) and underlying the care‐relationship (equality, partnership and interdependence) emerged as central element within the interaction. Feelings of recognition with the client seem to reinforce autonomy, self‐esteem and participation. Recognition was optimally felt in a dialogue. Four professional competencies could be identified related to recognition: attentiveness (ongoing actions to know and understand the patient); responsiveness (active, committed and responsible care guided by respect of patient identity); being a critical partner in care (giving and grounding professional opinion and discuss boundaries); being a developer of client competencies (facilitating and developing client participation within care). The findings offer possibilities to operationalize care concepts aimed at tailored care. Further research aimed at refining and testing the hypothesis developed is recommended.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in the endemic mound spring snail Fonscochlea accepta and cross species amplification in four other hydrobiid snails
Authors: WILMER JESSICA WORTHINGTON , HUGHES JANE M. , MA JING , WILCOX CHRIS 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe identified and characterized nine microsatellite primer pairs from Fonscochlea accepta, a species of hydrobiid snail endemic to artesian mound springs associated with the Great Artesian Basin in arid South Australia. The loci were highly polymorphic, with five to 30 alleles per locus. Gene diversity, estimated as expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.364 to 0.851, and was generally matched by levels of observed heterozygosity (0.373–0.829). Cross‐species amplification trials with four other hydrobiid species associated with these southern mound springs showed that these primers will be useful for genetic analyses of these other endemic snails.
Isolation of microsatellite loci from the common buzzard, Buteo buteo (Aves: Accipitridae)
Authors: JOHNSON PAUL C. D. , FOWLIE MARTIN K. , AMOS WILLIAM 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe isolated 56 common buzzard (Buteo buteo) microsatellite loci from (AC)n‐ and (AAAG)n‐enriched genomic libraries. Eleven loci were tested on 90 individuals from Eastern Westphalia in Germany, yielding two to 17 alleles per locus (average 5.7) and expected heterozygosities ranging from 0.11 to 0.93 (average 0.53). These highly variable microsatellite markers provide a powerful means for investigating population genetic diversity in the common buzzard, a little‐understood aspect of this widespread species.
Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite loci in Crossosoma californicum (Crossosomataceae)
Authors: WALLACE LISA E. , HELENURM KAIUS 
Published: May 2005

Abstract Crossosoma californicum (Crossosomataceae) is a rare shrub species endemic to the California Channel Islands. Previous studies based on allozymes revealed little genetic variability in this plant species. We have isolated 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci from C. californicum. These loci show intermediate levels of variability, averaging 4.2 alleles per locus and expected heterozygosity of 0.376. Two loci did not fit Hardy–Weinberg expectations with significant deficits of heterozygous genotypes consistent with the presence of null alleles or population subdivision.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites loci in the lemon (Citrus limon)
Authors: GOLEIN B. , KOLTUNOW A. M. , TALAIE A. , ZAMANI Z. , EBADI A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThis study reports the isolation and characterization of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci in Citrus. The loci were isolated from two libraries constructed from genomic DNA nonenriched for TC and AC repeats and enriched for AC repeats. These markers yielded four to nine alleles per locus (mean 6.14) in a survey of 32 Citrus cultivars. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.43 to 0.72. The levels of polymorphism found in this study suggest that these microsatellite loci can become an important tool for genetic studies in Citrus.
Isolation of polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers in the satin bowerbird, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus
Authors: BARDELEBEN CAROLYNE , MOORE RACHAEL L. , NICHOLLS JAMES A. , AUSTIN JEREMY J. , ROBSON TIMOTHY E. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe isolated 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers from the satin bowerbird, Ptilonorhynchus violaceus from a genomic library enriched in (AAGG)n repetitive elements and characterized them in 20 individuals. The number of alleles ranged from two to 18 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.15 to 1.00. These markers will be useful for analysing questions concerning parentage, population genetic structure and models of speciation.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci in pheasant coucal (Centropus phasianinus)
Authors: MAURER G. , HALE M. L. , VERDUIJN M. H. , WOLFF K. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractLittle is known about the effect of male parental care and behavioural sex‐role reversal on the mating system of birds because genetic markers for species with these characteristics are lacking. We developed primers for nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in pheasant coucals (Centropus phasianinus). Eight of the primers were also polymorphic in African black coucals (Centropus grillii). Pheasant coucals are of particular interest in the study of evolutionary and behavioural ecology, because their sex‐role reversal and extensive male parental care suggests low levels of extra‐pair fertilizations, yet they have large testes indicating sperm competition.
Isolation and characterization of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the giant white‐tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus)
Authors: CHAND V. , STREATFEILD C. A. , WILSON J. C. , MATHER P. B. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were developed for the giant white‐tailed rat (Uromys caudimaculatus) to aid in assigning paternity and to subsequently investigate their mating system and sex‐biased dispersal characteristics. Twenty‐two primer sets were originally developed and of these, 11 were polymorphic with between five and 10 alleles per locus. In addition, two primer sets designed for Hydromys chyrsogaster also amplified in this species despite an evolutionary divergence of 15 million years (Myr).
Isolation and characterization of 10 microsatellite loci from Iris hexagona (Iridaceae)
Authors: MEEROW ALAN W. , GIDEON MICHAEL , KUHN DAVID N. , SCHNELL RAYMOND J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractTen microsatellite loci isolated from Iris hexagona are described. All these loci are polymorphic, with three to 13 alleles across 24 individuals from a single natural population. Heterozygosity ranged from 0.125 to 0.870. Three loci depart significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in our test population. The test population shows significant heterozygote deficiency in these and two other loci. Three loci exhibit significant linkage disequilibrium. These loci will be utilized to investigate patterns of genetic variation in the species throughout the Florida peninsula.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci for parentage analysis in a rhacophorid tree frog (Chirixalus eiffingeri) with unusual parental care
Authors: CHEN YI‐HUEY , KAM YEONG‐CHOY , YU HON‐TSEN 
Published: May 2005

Abstract Chirixalus eiffingeri is an arboreal breeding rhacophorid frog with unique parental care behaviours. We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellites as genetic makers for parentage analysis to resolve the ecology of parental care. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from two to 17. The observed and expected heterozygosities averaged 0.433 and 0.656, respectively. Total exclusionary probability of these loci is 0.984 when no parental genotypes are known, and is 0.999 when one of the parental genotypes is known. The results indicate that the 11 markers should provide sufficient resolution for inferring genetic parentage in C. eiffingeri.
Novel polymorphic microsatellites for the red‐legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) and cross‐species amplification in Alectoris graeca
Authors: GONZALEZ E. G. , CASTILLA A. M. , ZARDOYA R. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe red‐legged partridge, Alectoris rufa, is an endemic species of the southwestern Mediterranean, and the most popular game bird in the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 27 microsatellite loci was isolated from an enriched genomic library of A. rufa. Six perfect GT microsatellites were characterized and optimized in 45 individuals of A. rufa. All loci revealed high levels of polymorphism with a number of alleles that ranged from three to 13. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.2 to 0.6. Cross‐species amplification showed that all loci were also polymorphic in rock partridge, Alectoris graeca. The new markers will be useful in determining hybridization between both species of Alectoris.
Comorbidity of physical and mental disorders and the effect on work‐loss days
Authors: Buist‐Bouwman M. A. , de Graaf R. , Vollebergh W. A. M. , Ormel J. 
Published: May 2005

Objective:  To examine the association between physical and mental disorders and the separate and joint effect of physical and mental disorders on work‐loss.Method:  Data was derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. This was a general population study in which 7076 adults, aged between 18 and 64 years, were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Medically treated physical disorders and work‐loss were assessed using self‐reports.Results:  All physical disorders, except injury caused by accident, were significantly related to anxiety and mood disorders, but only weakly related to substance use disorders. Both physical and mental disorders were significantly related to work‐loss; mental disorders more so than physical disorders. Physical–mental (PM) comorbidity leads to a mainly additive increase in work‐loss.Conclusion:  PM comorbidity is very common in the general population and leads to a greater absenteeism from work than pure disorders that also cause personal and social problems.
A review of studies describing the use of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease dementia
Authors: Maidment I. D. , Fox C. , Boustani M. 
Published: May 2005

Objective:  To review the literature relating to the use of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors in Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD).Method:  MEDLINE (1966 – December 2004), PsychINFO (1972 – December 2004), EMBASE (1980 – December 2004), CINHAL (1982 – December 2004), and the Cochrane Collaboration were searched in December 2004.Results:  Three controlled trials and seven open studies were identified. Efficacy was assessed in three key domains: cognitive, neuropsychiatric and parkinsonian symptoms.Conclusion:  Cholinesterase inhibitors have a moderate effect against cognitive symptoms. There is no clear evidence of a noticeable clinical effect against neuropsychiatric symptoms. Tolerability including exacerbation of motor symptoms – in particular tremor – may limit the utility of cholinesterase inhibitors.
Does it make sense to do repeated surveys? – the Lundby Study, 1947–1997
Authors: Nettelbladt P. , Bogren M. , Mattisson C. , Öjesjö L. , Hagnell O. , Hofvendahl E. , Toråker P. , Bhugra D. 
Published: May 2005

Objective:  To describe the Lundby Study and the difficulties in doing repeated surveys.Method:  Best‐estimate consensus diagnoses have been used since 1957 together with DSM‐IV and ICD‐10 in 1997.Results:  The Lundby population consisting of 3563 probands was investigated in 1947, 1957 and 1972. Sufficient information was available for 98–99%. In 1997–2000 a fourth field investigation was carried out. Attrition rate for the interviews was 13% (238/1797). About 36% (1030/2827) had died between 1972 and 1997, but data from registers, case notes and key‐informants for the period 1972 and 1997 completed the information for 94% (2659/2827). The population has followed the same pattern of development as many rural populations in Sweden since the 1940s. Multiple sources of information are preferable in longitudinal studies in order to tackle the problem of changing diagnostic systems.Conclusion:  Low attrition rates over 50 years and reasonable diagnostic uniformity make comparisons over time justifiable.
Handedness in schizophrenia: a quantitative review of evidence
Authors: Dragovic M. , Hammond G. 
Published: May 2005

Objective:  The prevalence of various anomalous handedness subtypes in schizophrenia patients remains ambiguous. Although current literature favours the notion that the shift in lateral preferences seen is because of an increase of mixed‐handedness, several studies suggest that exclusive left handedness is more prevalent than in the general population.Method:  Over 40 studies with reported prevalence data on various handedness subtypes in a schizophrenia population were evaluated by meta‐analysis. Combined odds ratios for the three common handedness subtypes (left, mixed, and right) were separately calculated.Results:  Each of the three atypical hand dominance patterns were significantly greater in schizophrenia patients than in control subjects, showing that the leftward shift in handedness distribution is not entirely because of an increase in mixed‐handedness alone.Conclusion:  An increase of exclusive left‐handedness is at variance with the prevailing assertion that the handedness shift in schizophrenia patients is because of a diffuse and bilateral hemispheric insult.