bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth charts for weight and height of Indian children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bhalla Anil Kumar , Kaur Harvinder , Kaur Rupinder , Panigrahi Inusha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAge and gender specific growth charts for Indian children with Down syndrome (DS) based on longitudinal data have not been published. To establish percentile growth charts for DS children inhabiting northwestern parts of India, body weight and length/height of 1125 (Male: 752, Female: 373) children with DS aged <1 month to 10 years, enrolled from the “Genetics Clinic” were measured at half yearly age intervals in the “Growth Clinic” of the Institute from August 1994 to November 2018. A total of 2089 observations were made on these children using standardized anthropometric techniques and instruments following a prospective mixed‐longitudinal growth research design. Using the LMS method, age and sex‐specific percentile growth charts (<1 month to 10 years) for weight, and length/ height were generated. Unpaired t‐test was used to compare mean growth attainments of study children with those of DS patients representing other population groups as well as their normal Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) counterparts. The 50th percentile growth curves for both weight and length/height of Indian children with DS demonstrated a regular increase. As compared to their normal MGRS and Indian (IAP) counterparts, the children with DS had lower weight and height attainments. The boys and girls with Down syndrome showed short stature (height < 3rd centile) from the age of 1 year till 10 years and also became underweight beyond 5 years. As compared to their normal counterparts, children with Down syndrome exhibited compromised auxological attainments. The use of growth charts presented herein may be used to compare and monitor growth and nutritional status of Indian children with Down syndrome.
Bifunctional Potential Structure Design Breaks Electrolyte Limitations of Zinc Ion Battery
Authors: Gong Shengen , Chao Yunfeng , Yang Fang , Wu Shuangyu , Wang Yifan , Chao Danming , Jia Xiaoteng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are safe and economical for grid applications. However, current ZIBs have limitations in terms of inferior capacity and low output voltage, which are hampered by the electrolyte applicability of the Zn2+ hosts. In this study, we propose a novel organic cathode design strategy with a bifunctional potential region. This polymeric Zn2+ host combines the conjugated polyaniline backbone to tune the molecular surface pH and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox couple for high output voltage and capacity. The polyaniline doped with ferricyanide (PAF) electrode exhibits two forms of charge storage in ZIBs: proton‐assisted Zn2+ doping below 1.2 V (mechanism I), and [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox pair above 1.8 V (mechanism II). Density functional theory calculations and in situ pH experiments demonstrated that the H+ doping process of mechanism I forms a localized pH regulation on the molecular chain surface, providing a favorable reaction environment for mechanism II. The Zn‐polymer battery delivered an outstanding discharge capacity (405.2 mAh g−1) and high output voltage (1.8 V) in the Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte. This study provides a new route for enhancing the structural stability of electrodes and overcoming the electrolyte limitations of ferricyanide in weakly acidic electrolytes.
A High‐Yielding Active Template Click Reaction (AT−CuAAC) for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Nanohoops
Authors: May James H. , Fehr Julia M. , Lorenz Jacob C. , Zakharov Lev N. , Jasti Ramesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) represent an exciting yet underexplored area of research in the context of carbon nanoscience. Recently, work from our group and others has shown that small carbon nanotube fragments—[n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related nanohoop macrocycles—may be integrated into mechanically interlocked architectures by leveraging supramolecular interactions, covalent tethers, or metal‐ion templates. Still, available synthetic methods are typically difficult and low yielding, and general methods that allow for the creation of a wide variety of these structures are limited. Here we report an efficient route to interlocked nanohoop structures via the active template Cu‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (AT−CuAAC) reaction. With the appropriate choice of substituents, a macrocyclic precursor to 2,2′‐bipyridyl embedded [9]CPP (bipy[9]CPP) participates in the AT−CuAAC reaction to provide [2]rotaxanes in near‐quantitative yield, which can then be converted into the fully π‐conjugated catenane structures. Through this approach, two nanohoop[2]catenanes are synthesized which consist of a bipy[9]CPP catenated with either Tz[10]CPP or Tz[12]CPP (where Tz denotes a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety replacing one phenylene ring in the [n]CPP backbone).
Orienting Group Directed Cascade Borylation for Efficient One‐Shot Synthesis of 1,4‐BN‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Narrowband Organic Emitters
Authors: Wu Lin , Huang Zhongyan , Miao Jingsheng , Wang Shuni , Li Xinyao , Li Nengquan , Cao Xiaosong , Yang Chuluo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract1,4‐BN‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have emerged as very promising emitters in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) due to their narrowband emission spectra that may find application in high‐definition displays. While considerable research has focused on investigating the properties of these materials, less attention has been placed on their synthetic methodology. Here we developed an efficient synthetic method for 1,4‐BN‐doped PAHs, which enables sustainable production of narrowband organic emitting materials. By strategically introducing substituents, such as methyl, tert‐butyl, phenyl, and chloride, at the C5 position of the 1,3‐benzenediamine substrates, we achieved remarkable regioselective borylation in the para‐position of the substituted moiety. This approach facilitated the synthesis of a diverse range of 1,4‐BN‐doped PAHs emitters with good yields and exceptional regioselectivity. The synthetic method demonstrated excellent scalability for large‐scale production and enabled late‐stage transformation of the borylated products. Mechanistic investigations provided valuable insights into the pivotal roles of electron effect and steric hindrance effect in achieving highly efficient regioselective borylation. Moreover, the outstanding device performance of the synthesized compounds 10 b and 6 z, underscores the practicality and significance of the developed method.
Catalytic and Base‐free Suzuki‐type α‐Arylation of Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyls via a Cyclic Iodonium Ylide Strategy
Authors: Liang Mingxuan , He Mengling , Zhong Zhiqing , Wan Bei , Du Qingfeng , Mai Shaoyu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo date, it remains challenging to achieve a general and catalytic α‐arylation of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls, particularly ubiquitous heteroaromatic ones. In most cases, the preparation of their medically significant arylated derivatives requires multistep synthetic sequences. Herein, we introduce a new, convenient strategy involving the conversion of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls to cyclic iodonium ylides (CIYs), followed by rhodium‐catalyzed α‐arylation with arylboronic reagents via carbene coupling. This approach is mild, operationally simple, base‐free, biocompatible, and exhibits broad substrate scope (>100 examples), especially with respect to various heteroaromatic 1,3‐dicarbonyls and ortho‐substituted or base‐sensitive arylboronic acids. Importantly, owing to the excellent compatibility with various arylboronic acids or boronate esters (ArBpin, ArBneop, or ArBF3K), this method allows the late‐stage installation of heterocyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl motifs in highly complex settings. The utility of this transformation is further demonstrated through significantly simplifying the synthesis of several bioactive molecules and natural products.
Synthesis ofC21‐C41fragment of the reported structure ofNeaumycin B
Authors: Choi Eun Gyeong , Kim Eun Bi , Lee Duck Hyung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStereoselective synthesis of the C21‐C41fragment4of the reported structure of Neaumycin B(1), a 28‐membered macrolide compound with 19‐chiral centers and 6,6‐spiroketal structure, has been described. C21‐C27fragment5was synthesized from the commercially available(S)‐Roche ester7using stereoselective allylation and Brownanti‐crotylation as key steps. C28‐C41fragment6was constructed from chiral oxazolidinone auxiliary13using Evanssyn‐aldol reaction, diastereoselective epoxidation, and(S)‐CBS reduction as key steps. Finally, boron‐mediated acetate aldol reaction of5and6led to the synthesis of C21‐C41fragment4for the reported structure of Neaumycin B (1).
Correlation of GABA+ levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and circulating follicular helper T cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Duan Yinghui , Rui Qianyun , Yang Yang , Tian Jingluan , Cao Shugang , Zhu Feng , Duan Xiaoyu , Gao Hanqing , Ji Xiaopei , Xiao Xinyi , Li Yonggang , Xue Qun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) associated with cognitive impairment (CI) is acknowledged. However, the underlying pathogenesis and involvement of the immune system remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the alterations in immune cells, cytokines, and GABA+ levels in NMOSD patients with cognitive deficits.MethodsThirty‐eight NMOSD patients and 38 healthy controls (HCs) were included. NMOSD patients were stratified as NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP groups. The difference in cognitive functions, Tfh and cytokines, and GABA+ levels were assessed, and their correlations were calculated.ResultsNMOSD‐CI patients showed worse performance on all cognitive tests, and the percentage of circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) was significantly elevated. The frequency of cTfh was positively and negatively correlated with Stroop‐A and AVLT long‐delayed scores, respectively. IL‐21 was remarkably higher in NMOSD‐CI and NMOSD‐CP. The level of GABA+ in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly decreased in NMOSD‐CI and was proved positively and negatively correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the frequency of circulating Tfh cells, respectively.ConclusionIn NMOSD‐CI patients, all cognitive domains were impacted, , while GABA+ levels in mPFC were decreased. GABA+ levels in NMOSD‐CI were negatively correlated with the frequency of cTfh, suggesting the underlying coupling mechanism between immune responses and neurotransmitter metabolism in CI in NMOSD patients.
Urolithin a Partially Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced for Microcistyn‐lr in C6 Cells
Authors: Von Sulzback Brasil Allana , Castro Caurio Aline , Ramos Boldori Jean , Rosa Rodrigues Nathane , Schmidt Luana , Casagrande Denardin Cristiane , Rossini Augusti Paula 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrocystin‐LR (MIC–LR) is a toxin which the mechanism of intoxication involves oxidative stress. Urolithin A (URO‐A) is a metabolic product from the colonic fermentation of ellagic acid with antioxidant potential. This study aimed to evaluate the putative protective effect of URO‐A against MIC–LR toxicity in C6 cells. C6 cells were incubated with MIC–LR (1 and 10 μM) and/or URO‐A (3, 30, 60 and 100 μM) for 24 h. MIC–LR induced reactive species (RS) generation, depletion of total thiol (SH) groups, and survival loss when compared with the control group. Also, at 10 μM, MIC–LR induced CAT activity inhibition. URO‐A caused CAT activity inhibition and showed a trend to increase RS generation (60 and 100 μM) per se. URO‐A at 3 μM completely attenuated the RS generation and the impairment in SH groups caused by MIC–LR. Our results demonstrated that URO‐A might offer a protective effect against toxicity caused by MIC–LR in glial cells by restoring the levels of RS and thiol groups.
Drug‐coated balloon therapy for in‐stent restenosis in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis: A single‐arm observational study
Authors: Lei Jiahao , Pu Hongji , Zhang Linjie , Zeng Chenlin , Peng Zhaoxi , Wu Zhaoyu , Jiang Yihong , Wang Ruihua , Lu Xinwu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IFDVT) causes severe symptoms and affect the quality of life to a great extent. Endovascular thrombectomy and stent implantation have been a feasible strategie to alleviate the signs and symptoms of IFDVT. However, venous in‐stent restenosis (ISR) has become an emerging non‐negligible problem.MethodsTo evaluate the histological characteristics of venous ISR, neointima of arterial and venous ISR patients were collected and examed. To explore the effect of drug‐coated balloon (DCB) on venous ISR lesions, we conducted a single‐center retrospective case series study involving IFDVT patients with ISR after venous stenting who were treated with paclitaxel‐coated balloon dilatation.ResultsWe found a collagen‐rich matrix but not elastin, as well as fewer cells and less neovascularization in venous intimal hyperplasia compared with neointima in arteries. Thirteen IFDVT patients were involved in the study, with average preoperative stenosis degree of 87.69% ± 13.48%. After intervention, the stenosis degree was significantly reduced to 14.6% ± 14.36% immediately (p < 0.0001) and to 16.54% ± 15.73% during follow‐up (p < 0.0001). During follow‐up, the VEINES‐QOL scores (p < 0.0001), VEINES‐Sym scores (p < 0.0001), and Villalta scores (p = 0.04) of patients was improved significantly compared with those before intervention. No major adverse events were observed.ConclusionsThe use of DCB may have a positive effect in the treatment of venous ISR by targeting intimal hyperplasia. Moreover, the application of DCB dilatation in IFDVT stenting patients with ISR is deemed safe and effective.
Classic pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Prete Marcella , Racanelli Vito , Leone Patrizia , Favoino Elvira , Perosa Federico 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessagePyoderma gangrenosum is a rare inflammatory ulcerative skin disease of unknown etiology. We report an image of a patient with pyoderma gangrenosum who presented right leg ulcers with violaceous margins, histologically characterized by mono‐ and polynuclear cell infiltrates. The patient was successfully treated with cyclosporin A.
The explore/exploit trade‐off: An ecologically valid and translational framework that can advance mechanistic understanding of eating disorders
Authors: Hagan Kelsey E. , Aimufua Ivieosa , Haynos Ann F. , Walsh B. Timothy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe explore/exploit trade‐off is a decision‐making process that is conserved across species and balances exploring unfamiliar choices of unknown value with choosing familiar options of known value to maximize reward. This framework is rooted in behavioral ecology and has traditionally been used to study maladaptive versus adaptive non‐human animal foraging behavior. Researchers have begun to recognize the potential utility of understanding human decision‐making and psychopathology through the explore/exploit trade‐off. In this article, we propose that explore/exploit trade‐off holds promise for advancing our mechanistic understanding of decision‐making processes that confer vulnerability for and maintain eating pathology due to its neurodevelopmental bases, conservation across species, and ability to be mathematically modeled. We present a model for how suboptimal explore/exploit decision‐making can promote disordered eating and present recommendations for future research applying this framework to eating pathology. Taken together, the explore/exploit trade‐off provides a translational framework for expanding etiologic and maintenance models of eating pathology, given developmental changes in explore/exploit decision‐making that coincide in time with the emergence of eating pathology and evidence of biased explore/exploit decision‐making in psychopathology. Additionally, understanding explore/exploit decision‐making in eating disorders may improve knowledge of their underlying pathophysiology, informing targeted clinical interventions such as neuromodulation and pharmacotherapy.Public Significance StatementThe explore/exploit trade‐off is a cross‐species decision‐making process whereby organisms choose between a known option with a known reward or sampling unfamiliar options. We hypothesize that imbalanced explore/exploit decision‐making can promote disordered eating and present preliminary data. We propose that explore/exploit trade‐off has significant potential to advance understanding of the neurocognitive and neurodevelopmental mechanisms of eating pathology, which could ultimately guide revisions of etiologic models and inform novel interventions.
An Aspergillus flavus strain from bee bread of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) displays adaptations to distinctive features of the hive environment
Authors: Bush Daniel S. , Calla Bernarda , Berenbaum May R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAspergillus fungi are ubiquitous inhabitants of colonies of the western honey bee (Apis mellifera), where they interact with bees in associations ranging from parasitism to possible mutualism. Aspergillus Flavi fungi are frequently found in bee bread (pollen processed for longterm storage) and are thought to contribute to food preparation, processing, preservation, and digestion. Conditions in the hive are challenging for fungi due, in part, to xeric and acidic properties of bee bread and the omnipresence of propolis, an antimicrobial product manufactured by bees from plant resins. We used quantitative and qualitative assays to determine whether A. flavus isolated from bee bread demonstrates tolerance for hive environmental conditions in terms of temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, and propolis exposure. Comparisons made use of three strains of A. flavus: a fungal biocontrol product not known from beehives (AF36), a strain isolated from bee bread (AFBB) in hives from central Illinois, and a pathogenic strain from a honey bee colony displaying symptoms of stonebrood (AFPA). Strain AFBB displayed higher tolerance of acidic conditions, low matric potential (simulating xeric substrate), and propolis exposure than did other strains. A genomic comparison between this new strain and the reference NRRL‐3357 showed that AFBB, like AF36, might be blocked from carrying out aflatoxin biosynthesis. Sequence comparisons also revealed several missense variants in genes that encode proteins regulating osmotolerance and osmotic pressure in Aspergillus spp., including SakA, SskB, GfdA, and TcsB/Sln1. Collectively, results of our laboratory assays and genetic analyses are consistent with the suggestion that the strain isolated from bee bread is adapted to the bee bread environment and may have persisted due to a coevolutionary relationship between Aspergillus and A. mellifera. This finding bolsters recent concerns about the effects of fungicide use near bee colonies and broadens the ecological importance of highly adaptable fungal strains.
Exploring the impact of cold plasma treatment on the antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, phenolic profile, and bioaccessibility of fruits and fruit juices
Authors: Zargarchi Sina , Hornbacher Johann , Afifi Sherif M. , Saremnezhad Solmaz , Günal‐Köroğlu Deniz , Capanoglu Esra , Esatbeyoglu Tuba 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, cold plasma (CP) has emerged as a promising preservation technology for fruit products. Several CP sources include dielectric barrier discharge, plasma jets, corona discharges, micro‐discharges, glow discharges, and gliding arc discharges. However, the effects of these different types of CP on the chemical compounds of fruits and juices are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize (I) the current knowledge on the use of CP for the preservation and processing of fruits and juices; (II) the diverse types of CP sources and explore their applications within a scientific context; (III) the physicochemical transformations that take place in fruits and juices following CP treatment; and (IV) the changes observed in antioxidant activity, vitamin C content, phenolic compounds, and their bioaccessibility. Numerous studies have explored CP's influence on microbial contamination, shelf life, enzymes, and various physicochemical changes. This review uniquely centers its attention on the impact of CP on bioactive phenolic compounds, their bioaccessibility, vitamin C content, and antioxidant activity in different types of fruits and fruit juices. Additionally, this review delves into the assessment of selected sensory properties, notably color, which is an important parameter for consumer acceptance. By focusing on these particular aspects, we aim to provide a targeted and comprehensive analysis of CP's effects on essential nutritional and quality attributes of fruits and fruit juices, distinct from the broader spectrum covered in the existing literature.
Correlation of Hydrogen and Methane Production to Rice Carbohydrate Malabsorption In Burmese (Myanmar) Children
Authors: Bolin T. D. , Myo‐Khin  , Soe‐Aung  , Genge J. R. , Duncombe V. M. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryRice carbohydrate malabsorption is common in Burmese village children and adults and may contribute to diminished growth. Its diagnosis depends on a rice breath hydrogen test, which has limitations. Almost 20% of Burmese children under age 5 produce methane, compared with less than 7% of children in Africa and Hong Kong. If an increased carbohydrate load in the colon due to rice malabsorption provides increased substrate for methanogenic bacteria in the left colon, higher fasting breath methane concentrations might be a simpler method of diagnosing rice malabsorption. We tested breath hydrogen and methane over a 4‐h period and did anthropometric measurements in 142 subjects, 79 children, and 63 adults. Seventy percent of children were rice‐malabsorbers. Methane production occurred in 20% of children under 5 years of age and increased to 60% of adults. There is an association of rice malabsorption with reduced length. There was not correlation between rice malabsorption and breath methane, and the concentration of breath methane does not, therefore, indicate rice absorption status and cannot replace rice breath hydrogen tests.
Thiamine, Riboflavin, Folate, and Vitamin B12 Status of Infants with Low Birth Weights Receiving Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Friel James K. , Andrews Wayne L. , Long David R. , Herzberg Gene , Levy Ryna 
Published: February 2024

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to monitor the vitamin status of 14 low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infants (<1,750 g birth weight) at 2 weeks and an additional four infants at 3 weeks who were receiving an enteral formula providing 247 μg/100 kcal thiamine, 617 μg/100 kcal riboflavin, 37 μg/100 kcal folate, and 0.55 μg/100 kcal vitamin B12. The mean birth weight of the 18 infants was 1,100 ± 259 g, and mean gestational age was 29 ± 2 weeks. Weekly blood, 24‐h urine collections, and dietary intake data were obtained. For thiamine, red blood cell (RBC) transketolase activity was within the normal range for all infants. For riboflavin, RBC glutathione reductase activity was normal for all infants except one. We calculated from intake and urinary excretion data that these infants require 225 μg/100 kcal thiamine and 370 μg/100 kcal riboflavin, respectively. Mean plasma folate levels were 21 ± 11 ng/ml at 2 weeks and 18 ± 5 ng/ml at 3 weeks. RBC folate levels were 455 ± 280 ng/ml at 2 weeks and 391 ± 168 ng/ml at 3 weeks. All folate blood values were normal, except for one subject with an elevated level (59 ng/ml). Vitamin B12 plasma values were 737 ± 394 pg/ml at 2 weeks and 768 ± 350 pg/ml at 3 weeks, and all values were normal except for three infants with elevated values. In conclusion, appropriate vitamin status was maintained during this short observational period, during administration of this enteral formula; however, riboflavin concentrations in the enteral feed may be excessive.