bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban air pollution and asthma in children
Authors: Migliaretti Giuseppe , Cavallo Franco 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between atmospheric pollution and emergency hospital admission for asthma among children resident in Turin in the period 1997–1999, using a case‐control design. On the basis of the primary diagnosis, pediatric patients (< 15 years old) resident in Turin and admitted for asthma were defined as cases (n1 = 1,060); age‐matched patients admitted for causes other than respiratory diseases or heart diseases were defined as controls (n2 = 25,523). Nitrogen dioxide (NO2 in μg/m3) and total suspended particulates (TSP in μg/m3) were considered as indicators of urban air pollution; sex and age of patient, seasonality, temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and day of admission were considered as principal confounders. Statistical analyses were performed using simple and multiple logistic regression models; the association between emergency admission for asthma and exposure was shown as percentage of risk modification for a 10 μg/m3 increment of exposure to each pollutant and relative 95% confidence interval. The number of emergency admissions for respiratory causes rose significantly with increased exposure to each pollutant: 2.8% (95% CI, 0.7–4.9%) and 1.8% (95% CI, 0.3–3.2) for a 10 μg/m3 increment of exposure to NO2 and TSP, respectively. A significant association was found between increased number of hospital emergency admissions for respiratory causes and exposure to principal urban pollutants in Turin. The study confirms the results reported for other Italian and European cities, using a case‐control design. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Celiac disease and pulmonary hemosiderosis in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Hartl Dominik , Belohradsky Bernd H. , Griese Matthias , Nicolai Thomas , Krauss‐Etschmann Susanne , Roos Dirk , Wintergerst Uwe 
Published: June 2004

AbstractWe report on a patient with the hitherto undescribed combination of chronic granulomatous disease, pulmonary hemosiderosis, and celiac disease. The hemosiderosis resolved with a gluten‐free diet and glucocorticosteroid pulse therapy, but the restrictive lung function pattern remained unchanged. Lung function improved markedly by immunosuppression with daily glucocorticosteroid and azathioprine treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 38:344–348. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PHOX2B gene mutation in a patient with late‐onset central hypoventilation
Authors: Trang Ha , Laudier Béatrice , Trochet Delphine , Munnich Arnold , Lyonnet Stanislas , Gaultier Claude , Amiel Jeanne 
Published: June 2004

AbstractCongenital central hypoventilation syndrome, which is related to abnormal autonomic control of breathing and typically manifests at birth, was recently associated with PHOX2B gene mutations. In contrast, central hypoventilation with later onset constitutes a poorly defined group of unknown etiology. Here, we report on the identification of a de novo heterozygous PHOX2B mutation in a patient with central hypoventilation manifesting in childhood. This finding suggests that some of these cases may be genetically determined and allelic to congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004; 38:349–351. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snoring and atopic disease: A strong association
Authors: Chng Seo Yi , Goh Daniel Yam Thiam , Wang Xiao Shan , Tan Teng Nging , Ong Natalie Bee Hwa 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe prevalence and factors associated with snoring and habitual snoring in Asian children are largely unknown. Our objectives were to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with snoring and habitual snoring in preschool and primary school children in Singapore. A self‐response questionnaire on snoring was administered to parents of children aged 4–7 years in randomly selected preschools and primary schools in Singapore. The overall response rate was 91.3% (nt = 11,114). Snoring and habitual snoring were reported in 28.1% and in 6.0% of the children, respectively. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, snoring was significantly associated with male gender, race, atopy (asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis), maternal atopy (allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis), maternal smoking, and breastfeeding. Habitual snoring was significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio (OR), 3.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67–8.42), allergic rhinitis (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 2.06–4.08), atopic dermatitis (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28–2.54), maternal smoking (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.09–4.53), and breastfeeding (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–1.98). Atopy was the strongest risk factor for habitual snoring, and the effect was cumulative. The odds ratio of a child with all three atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis) to have habitual snoring was 7.45 (95% CI, 3.48–15.97). In conclusion, snoring and habitual snoring are common in Asian children. Atopy is strongly associated with snoring and habitual snoring. We suggest that children who are significantly atopic receive additional attention during screening for snoring, habitual snoring, and other features of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smoking habits in adolescents with mild to moderate asthma
Authors: Zimlichman Eyal , Mandel Dror , Mimouni Francis B. , Shochat Tzippora , Grotto Itamar , Kreiss Yitshak 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTo study the impact of mild to moderate asthma on smoking habits in adolescents. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that asthma does not prevent adolescents from smoking. A research questionnaire, filled by a systematic sample of military personnel upon enrolment to service in the Israeli Defense Force (IDF), was analyzed. Conscripts were asked to voluntarily fill (after obtaining a signed informed consent) a research questionnaire about their medical history, and several health related topics including smoking. This database was matched with the military medical profile of the soldier, which includes the patient asthma status. Overall, 38,047 young adults were included in this study. There was a significant increase in the rate of mild to moderate asthma, from the mid‐1980's to date. During the 1980's and early 1990's, asthmatics smoked significantly less frequently (20–22%) than non‐asthmatics (25–27%). In the mid‐ to late‐1990's, the smoking rates increased relatively more in asthmatics, to the point that in the last 8 years of this study, they were found to be almost identical in both groups, at a rate of approximately 30%. The presence of asthma is not a powerful motivating agent to prevent from smoking. It is likely that smoking asthmatic teenagers are at risk for suboptimal lung growth, and as young adults, they will become at greater risk of lung function deterioration. We suggest that primary care physicians, caring for asthma in children, adolescents, and young adults, should explain the particular risks generated by tobacco smoking. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
Authors: Camargos Paulo A.M. , Rodrigues Mary E.S.M. , Lasmar Laura M.L.B.F. 
Published: June 2004

AbstractAsthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) form a well‐recognized comorbidity. This study aims at assessing the efficacy of nasally inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) in their simultaneous treatment. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 78 allergic rhinitis and asthma patients aged 5–17 years. Seventy‐five individuals completed the study. During 8 weeks, 38 subjects received BDP‐CFC aerosol (≥ 500 mcg/day) exclusively via nasal inhalation through a facemask attached to a plastic valved spacer. The control group (37 patients) received 200 mcg/day of aqueous intranasal beclomethasone plus oral inhalation of BDP‐CFC (≥ 500 mcg/day) through a mouthpiece connected to the same spacer. Primary outcomes analyzed in order to assess the response to treatment were clinical scoring for allergic rhinitis and measurements of nasal inspiratory peak flow (NIPF). AR clinical scoring and NIPF did not differ in the two groups at admission or at nearly all follow‐up visits. Nasal inhalation of beclomethasone dipropionate provides AR symptom relief while maintaining control of asthma by delivering it to the lungs. Therefore, this therapeutic strategy might be considered for patients suffering from this comorbidity, especially in low‐resource countries, since it is less expensive than the conventional treatment. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of lufenuron as chemosterilant against Ceratitis capitata in field trials
Authors: Navarro‐Llopis Vicente , Sanchis‐Cabanes Juan , Ayala Ildefonso , Casaña‐Giner Victor , Primo‐Yúfera Eduardo 
Published: June 2004

AbstractTwo field trials in citrus orchards in Turis (Valencia, Spain) and Denia (Alicante, Spain) were performed in order to test the sterilant effect of the insect growth regulator lufenuron against wild medfly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) populations. Two application methods for lufenuron were tested: spraying, in spots, an emulsion of lufenuron in a protein bait, and hanging delta traps that contained a proteinaceous gel with lufenuron (solid bait). The sterilant effect was measured as medfly population reduction, reduction of fruit damage in treated fields, and the number of eggs hatching in punctured fruits. In order to assess the efficacy of lufenuron treatments, we recorded results obtained from two different zones in both trial fields: an outer zone, close to untreated fields, and an inner zone, in the centre of lufenuron treated fields. We observed a minimum sterilant effect in the outer zone and a maximum sterilant effect in the inner one. The maximum sterilant effect was in the inner zone, where a reduction of medfly population of 80.4% in the sprayed field and a reduction of 77.6% in the solid bait field was observed. In addition, the greater the distance from the untreated zones of the treated orchard (inwards), the lower the fruit damage and medfly population level. In this inner zone, fruit punctured by medfly developed significantly fewer larvae (38.8%) than punctured fruits from the outer zone (68.6%). In addition, we recorded the decline in the activity of the lufenuron treatments with time. Lufenuron activity persisted in field for at least 2 weeks with spray applications, and for 3 months with bait gels. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular characterization and inheritance of resistance to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in Lolium rigidum
Authors: Tal Avi , Rubin Baruch 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThe molecular basis and mode of inheritance of resistance to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides were investigated in a biotype of Lolium rigidum Gaud that has been discovered in Israel. Dose‐response experiments at the whole‐plant level have revealed that the resistant biotype was more resistant (6.3‐ to 40‐fold) than the susceptible wild‐type to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides. A 276‐bp genomic DNA encoding the carboxyltransferase domain within the chloroplastic ACCase from resistant and susceptible biotypes were amplified by PCR and analyzed. Sequence comparison revealed that a single isoleucine‐to‐leucine substitution differentiated ACCases from susceptible and resistant biotypes (corresponds to residue 1769 of wheat ACCase, Acc No AF029895). A PCR amplification of specific alleles (PASA) method was developed to detect the allele composition leading to isoleucine–leucine mutation. ACCase extracted from homozygote resistant, heterozygote and homozygote susceptible plants showed IC50 values of 25.8, 5.6 and 0.6 µM, respectively, suggesting that alteration in the ACCase is governed by a co‐dominant gene. The inheritance studies confirmed that the resistance of L rigidum to ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides is governed by a single, nuclear and co‐dominant gene. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Juvenogens as potential agents in termite control: laboratory screening
Authors: Hrdý Ivan , Kuldová Jelena , Wimmer Zdeněk 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPreliminary screening tests of eight juvenogens, fatty acid esters of two parent juvenoid alcohols, showed high juvenilizing effect in the termite Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen). This effect is manifested by differentiation of termite workers into pre‐soldiers, soldiers and/or soldier‐intercastes (‘soldiers’). Juvenogen 9 was tested with five other termite species: Zootermopsis angusticollis Hagen, Kalotermes flavicollis F, Cryptotermes declivis Tsai & Chen, Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud, and R flaviceps Oshima, and showed promising efficacy in force‐feeding (FF) as well as in choice bioassays. In the economically important subterranean termites R santonensis and R flaviceps, after application of 0.5 mg ml−1 in FF experiments ca 57 and 73%, respectively, of workers changed into soldiers. In Zootermopsis angusticollis application of 0.05 mg ml−1 caused differentiation in 62% soldiers, and 57% soldiers differentiated after topical application of 1 µg of the tested compound per termite. Differentiation of excessive soldiers induced by a juvenile hormone‐mimicking compound may cause disruption of the social structure and ultimately the death of the colony. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): cross‐resistance and biochemical resistance mechanisms
Authors: Kim Young‐Joon , Lee Si‐Hyeock , Lee Si‐Woo , Ahn Young‐Joon 
Published: June 2004

AbstractA field colony of the Two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch), resistant to fenpyroximate was further selected with fenpyroximate 5SC for 20 generations at a selection pressure of 30–50% mortality (designated as FR‐20 strain). Resistance and cross‐resistance levels of the FR‐20 strain to 18 acaricides were determined using a spray method. The FR‐20 strain was extremely resistant to fenpyroximate [resistance ratio (RR) 252]. The strain exhibited extremely strong positive cross‐resistance to acrinathrin (RR 196), and high levels of resistance to benzoximate (RR 55) and propargite (RR 64). Moderate levels of cross‐resistance (RR 11–40) to abamectin, fenbutatin oxide, fenpropathrin, pyridaben, pyridaben + bifenthrin and tebufenpyrad were observed. The FR‐20 strain showed low levels of resistance (RR < 10) to azocyclotin, bromopropylate, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + bifenthrin, chlorfenapyr + pyridaben, dicofol, fenazaquin and milbemectin. Synergist experiments with different metabolic inhibitors revealed that piperonyl butoxide had the greatest effect on the efficacy of fenpyroximate, followed by iprobenfos and triphenyl phosphate. In a comparative assay with detoxifying enzymes, the FR‐20 strain showed 2.5‐fold higher activity in p‐nitroanisole‐O‐demethylation, and 2.5‐ and 2.2‐fold higher activities in α‐ and β‐naphthyl acetate hydrolysis, respectively. These results suggested that enhanced activities of both mixed‐function oxidases and esterases likely contribute to the fenpyroximate resistance of the FR‐20 strain of T urticae. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Growth and pathogenicity of isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against the parasitic mite, Psoroptes ovis: effects of temperature and formulation
Authors: Brooks Alexandra J , de Muro M Aquino , Burree E , Moore D , Taylor MA , Wall R 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPsoroptes mites (Acari: Psoroptidae) are important ectoparasites of mammals, and are of particular economic significance as the agents of mange in sheep. To be effective against mites, putative fungal biocontrol agents must be able to operate at the relatively high temperatures and humidities found at the sheep skin surface. To consider this, the growth rates of different isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) were compared and the pathogenicity of these isolates against Psoroptes derived from rabbits (Psoroptes ovis Hering, syn P cuniculi) were evaluated at temperatures between 28 °C and 40 °C, and when formulated in either Tween 80 or silicone oil. For this study four multi‐conidia, arthropod‐derived, isolates of M anisopliae were used: from the USA, France, Denmark and Brazil. One single‐conidia culture derived from the US isolate was also included in the investigation. Fungal growth was higher at the lower temperatures and none of the isolates grew at 40 °C. The growth of the US and single‐conidia isolate declined markedly with temperature. In contrast, the Danish, French and Brazilian isolates grew almost as well at 32 °C and 35 °C as at 28 °C and 30 °C. The French and Brazilian isolates showed some growth at 37.5 °C but the Danish and US isolates did not. The number of fatal infections which resulted from exposure of mites to the fungal isolates was also strongly influenced by temperature. At 30 °C all isolates gave between 70 and 90% infection. The number of infections declined with increasing temperature and no infections were seen at 40 °C. However, the French and Danish isolates of M anisopliae gave higher numbers of infections than the other isolates at elevated temperatures. When formulated in silicone oil, significantly higher levels of infection were obtained than when formulated in Tween 80, even at the relatively high temperature of 37.5 °C. It is suggested that high‐temperature adapted isolates of M anisopliae formulated in silicone oil offer good candidates as control agents under the conditions found at the sheep skin surface. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving the persistence of a formulation of the avian repellent cinnamamide, for the protection of autumn‐sown oilseed rape
Authors: Cotterill Jane V , Nadian Allan K , Cowan David P 
Published: June 2004

AbstractIn a previous pilot field trial on autumn‐sown oilseed rape (Brassica napus L), a suspension concentrate formulation of the avian repellent cinnamamide, using Acronal 4D (50 g litre−1) as the sticker, was shown to reduce damage by woodpigeons (Columba palumbus L). However, the persistence of cinnamamide on rape leaves was poor. This paper describes the development of a weather‐resistant formulation by the inclusion of a more effective sticker. In vitro studies were used to investigate wash‐off of cinnamamide, which was identified as being the major mechanism of loss in the field. Rainfastness of cinnamamide was assessed by washing deposits on glass slides and rape leaves using a ‘rain‐washing machine’. A number of stickers were evaluated and the effect of sticker concentration, ageing of deposits, freezing and intermittent washing on rain‐fastness was investigated. None of the candidate stickers showed increased rainfastness compared to Acronal 4D. However, two of the stickers, Crovol T40 G and Emoleo L1, when combined with Acronal 4D in small amounts, did reduce wash‐off compared with Acronal 4D alone. Freezing led to an increase in wash‐off of cinnamamide, but inclusion of Emoleo L1 with Acronal 4D reduced this effect. Increasing the concentration of the sticker was also shown to improve the rainfastness; doubling the concentration of Acronal from 50 to 100 g litre−1 halved the wash‐off of cinnamamide. © Crown copyright 2004. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated pest management approach for a new pest, Lacanobia subjuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Washington apple orchards
Authors: Doerr Michael D , Brunner Jay F , Schrader Lawrence E 
Published: June 2004

AbstractBioassays of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote and Robinson) larvae established baseline LC50 values and identified the potential of reduced‐risk, organophosphate replacement and naturally derived insecticides (eg chloronicotinyls, spinosyns, oxadiazines, insect growth regulators, microbial insecticides and particle films) to control this pest. The toxicities of these products were compared with those of organophosphate, carbamate, chlorinated cyclodiene and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides used in the management of lepidopteran pests in Washington apple orchards. Field trials were conducted comparing candidate insecticides to conventional alternatives. Several new insecticides (eg spinosad, methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb and an aluminosilicate particle film) proved to be effective for the management of L subjuncta. We summarize the goals and challenges of developing an integrated pest management program for new and resurgent pests as insecticide tools continue to change, and propose a hypothesis for the sudden increase in pest status of L subjuncta based on organophosphate tolerances. The role of novel insecticides with unique modes of action in resistance management and the encouragement of biological control are also discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Delphastus catalinae and Coleomegilla maculata lengi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as biological control agents of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Lucas Éric , Labrecque Claude , Coderre Daniel 
Published: June 2004

AbstractPredation efficacy and compatibility of the predatory lady beetles Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake and Delphastus catalinae (Horn) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) were studied in laboratory on glabrous fuchsia (Fuchsia hybrida Voss cv Lena Corolla) and pubescent poinsettia plants (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd ex Klotzch cv Dark Red Annette Hegg). On glabrous plants (fuchsia), fourth‐instar and adults of C maculata were the most efficient, both against whitefly eggs and pupae. On pubescent plants (poinsettia), the larger stages of C maculata were negatively affected and less efficient than adults of D catalinae. The presence of plant structure did not affect the voracity of either predator species. Finally, the simultaneous use of both predator species generated inter‐specific competition. These results provide recommendations for biological control of whitefly in horticultural greenhouses. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: 1. Influence of xenobiotic dose on the uptake of three model compounds applied in the absence and presence of surfactants into Chenopodium album, Hedera helix and Stephanotis floribunda leaves
Authors: Forster W Alison , Zabkiewicz Jerzy A , Riederer Markus 
Published: June 2004

AbstractThis study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence of surfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm−2) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm−2) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24 h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b·A. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry