bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEACHING PRE‐COLLEGIATE ANTHROPOLOGY: THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS1
Authors: Rice Marion J. 
Published: May 2005

To identify teachers of pre‐college anthropology, a questionnaire was published in the October 1976 issue of Social Education. Only 50 useable replies were received. The questionnaire therefore did not serve the purpose of Identifying teachers of pre‐college anthropology which might serve as a point of contact for the Committee on Materials and Methods for the Teaching of Anthropology of the Council on Anthropology and Education.Replies of respondents indicate that anthropology is perceived primarily as an upper grade secondary subject, taught as a one‐semester cultural or survey course with regional concentration in the Pacific coast, upper mid‐west, northeast, and Florida. A great variety of materials are used, the most frequently reported materials being those developed by the Anthropology Curriculum Study Project. All teachers responding except one indicated some previous course work in anthropology. Thus the teaching of anthropology appears to be related to teacher preparation in anthropology. The inclusion of anthropology in the preparation program of teachers is recommended.
Social Control and Schooling: Power and Process in Two Kindergarten Settings
Authors: Borman Kathryn 
Published: May 2005

This microanalysis of the social organization of the school investigates the processes of schooling as they make power relations in the classroom explicit. Of focal interest are effects of both teacher social‐control techniques and classroom environmental features upon the socialization of urban American kindergarten children in open and traditional classroom settings. The major independent variable assessed is the set of verbal social‐control strategies and appeals employed by kindergarten teachers in establishing and maintaining social structure. The intervening variable is seen as the context in which socialization occurs, the “milieu‐with‐program.” The primary dependent variable examined is the set of control strategies and appeals employed by kindergarten children in each of the two settings.Measures of variables of interest were taken at the beginning and middle of the 1975‐76 school year. The bulk of the data was gathered in the classroom during the natural course of the school day and includes the following measures: (1) teacher strategies and appeals taken from audiotaped and transcribed protocols and analyzed using socioiinguistic markers, (2) classroom environment measured by analyses of the milieu‐with‐program, (3) children's strategies and appeals taken from protocols and analyzed using socioiinguistic markers.The research provides a sociolinguistic analysis of the impact of educational settings upon the development of children's social control skills, an important subset of communicative skills and one little analyzed in natural settings. The power of the kindergarten classroom teacher to determine amount and type of interaction has been documented; however, very little is known about the sociolinguistic character of such interactions or about the possible effect these interactions might have upon children's interactions with their teacher and peers in the classroom.
Anthropology of the Young1
Authors: Burton Anthony 
Published: May 2005

This article has a double‐barreled purpose: to raise some important questions and to sketch out a conceptual framework for an anthropology of the young. The first part of the article raises the question: Is anthropology of education, through an emphasis on such themes as school ethnography, observational methodology, curricular development, and the schooling of native peoples, moving towards narrowness and specialization? Or to turn the question around: To what extent is the field still based in an anthropology that is general, pan‐human, and evolutionary in scope? The main thesis of the paper is that an anthropology of the young might be a useful move in the latter direction.In the second part of the paper, a conceptual framework for an anthropology of the young is sketched out, in terms of four points: defining the young, describing their cultural patterns, understanding their cultural dependence, and coping ethnographically with the problems of development. The article closes with a brief attempt to argue the advantages of such an approach to professional educators and anthropologists of education.
Three Books by Henry T. Trueba on Educational Anthropology
Authors: Menchaca Martha 
Published: May 2005

Raising Silent Voices: Educating the Linguistic Minorities for the 21st Century Henry T. Trueba.School and Society: Learning Content Through Culture Henry T. Trueba and Concha Delgado‐GaitanSuccess or Failure? Learning and the Language Minority Student Henry T. Trueba
Dialogue and the Transmission of Culture: The Spindlers and the Making of American Anthropology
Authors: SUÁREZ‐OROZCO MARCELO M. 
Published: May 2005

The American Cultural Dialogue and Its Transmission: George and Louise Spindler with Henry Trueba and Melvin D. WilliamsInterpretive Ethnography and Education: At Home and Abroad Edited by George Spindler and Louise SpindlerEducation and Cultural Process: Anthropological Approaches Edited by George Spindler
Studies of electron transfer dynamics in particle‐surface interactions
Authors: Esaulov Vladimir A. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA review of recent work on electron transfer processes leading to neutralization of positive ions and formation of negative ions is presented. Experiments were performed on simple jellium‐like metal surfaces, transition metals, and specific characteristics of electronic band structure were investigated for some cases, revealing differences in electron transfer processes between surfaces of the same element. It was shown that electronegative adsorbates like oxygen and chlorine provoke strong changes in electron transfer rates, which are akin to promotion and poisoning of reactions at surfaces. The results of experiments on Auger neutralization of He+ ions on Ag surfaces and H− and F− formation on Ag and Pd surfaces are presented and compared with recent theoretical treatments of these processes. The effect of adsorbates is illustrated by the example of chlorine adsorption on silver. Directions where further theoretical effort would considerably advance the understanding of these phenomena are delineated.
Adsorption and nonadiabatic processes in the photodesorption of molecular oxygen from the reduced TiO2 (110) surface
Authors: De Lara‐Castells María Pilar , Mitrushenkov Alexander O. , Roncero Octavio , Krause Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractWe review the adsorption and desorption of molecular oxygen on a reduced TiO2 (110) surface. This system is known to play a fundamental role in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Periodic calculations are performed with the objective of characterizing the variety of stable species of O2 that are known to exist on the TiO2 surface. The implications of our results for recent experiments are discussed. We also consider a direct optical excitation mechanism for the ultraviolet (UV) light‐desorption process and model the most stable O2/TiO2‐x system as a cluster. High‐level ab initio calculations of the excited states and interaction matrix elements are performed using different orbitals, separately optimized for the target states. The nonadiabatic and dipole‐moment couplings are calculated directly from the correlated wave functions by a special transformation to bi‐orthonormal (dual) orbital sets to preserve their structure. The method used for the electronic structure calculations is described in detail. Finally, the effect of the electronic coupling in the UV‐photodesorption dynamics is analyzed in detail.
Mixed quantum—classical treatment of reactions at surfaces with electronic transitions
Authors: Bach Christian , Carbogno Christian , Gross Axel 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe reliable high‐dimensional theoretical description of reactions at surfaces with electronic transitions still represents a considerable challenge since the electrons have to be treated quantum mechanically. A full quantum treatment of both electrons and nuclei is computationally not feasible at the moment. Therefore we propose a mixed quantum—classical approach for the simulation of reactions at surfaces with electronic transitions. In this method, the nuclear motion is described classically while the electrons are treated quantum mechanically. Still the feedback between nuclei and electrons is taken into account self‐consistently. The computational efficiency of this method allows a more realistic multidimensional treatment of electronically nonadiabatic processes at surfaces. We will discuss two recent applications of this approach. First we will address the charge transfer in the scattering of I2 from a diamond surface. As a second example we present dynamical simulations of the laser‐induced desorption of NO from NiO(100).
Movements of Lake Trout in U.S. Waters of Lake Superior, 1973–2001
Authors: Kapuscinski Kevin L. , Hansen Michael J. , Schram Stephen T. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
We analyzed tag–recapture data for lake trout Salvelinus namaycush from the U.S. waters of Lake Superior to determine whether (1) mean movement distance varied among management units, (2) mean movement distance and recapture percentage differed between spawning and nonspawning recapture seasons, (3) percentages of movements to the east and west were similar, and (4) movement distance varied with body length, sex, origin, age, or time at liberty. Mean distance moved by lake trout varied among management units. Mean movement distance was lower for fish recaptured during the spawning season than for fish recaptured during the nonspawning season for three of four tagged populations, and the spatial distribution of recapture percentages differed between recapture seasons. On average, lake trout recaptured during the nonspawning season traveled 42 km while at liberty. Lake trout tagged in two of six management units emigrated to the east and west in equal percentages, but lake trout did not emigrate from the tagging unit to other management units at equal percentages. Movement distance varied significantly with time at liberty for lake trout tagged in one management unit, but did not vary significantly with length, age, time at liberty, sex, or origin for those tagged in other management units. Lake Superior fishery managers can use our results to account for lake trout movements between management units when calculating sustainable harvest levels with catch-at-age modeling.
Effects of the Extent and Duration of Seasonal Flood Pool Inundation on Recruitment of Threadfin Shad, White Crappies, and Largemouth Bass in Hugo Reservoir, Oklahoma
Authors: Boxrucker Jeff C. , Summers Greg L. , Gilliland Eugene R. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of the extent and duration of seasonal flooding (meters above normal pool) on recruitment indices for threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense, white crappies Pomoxis annularis, and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in Hugo Reservoir, Oklahoma. We used simple linear regression to examine the relations between seasonal pool elevation exceedence duration (number of days for which elevation exceeded target values) and (1) mean monthly (June–September) estimates of age-0 threadfin shad abundance in midwater trawls; (2) white crappie abundance estimates from May and June trawl samples and November trap-net samples; and (3) fall electrofishing samples of age-0 largemouth bass. Due to the large number of relations tested, we could not discount the possibility that a significant positive relation between threadfin shad trawl catches in July–September and winter exceedence duration (≥123.8 m) occurred by chance. No relation was found between elevation and age-0 white crappie catch in trawls or trap nets. Summer exceedence duration (≥123.8 m) was positively related to largemouth bass recruitment. The results of this study indicated that a water level management plan that calls for holding water in the flood pool during summer would enhance recruitment of largemouth bass in Hugo Reservoir.
Movement of Black Crappies and Bluegills among Interconnected Lakes in Minnesota
Authors: Parsons Bradford G. , Reed Jeffrey R. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The movement of fish among interconnected lakes has been documented for highly mobile species; however, little information is available for black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus and bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. We assessed emigration of black crappies from 4 lakes and bluegills from 2 lakes within a chain of 16 lakes in west-central Minnesota by comparing the proportion of angler returns of T-bar anchor tags reported from lakes other than the one in which the fish were tagged. Over a 3-year period, black crappie angler tag returns from nonorigin lakes ranged from 6% to 23% in the four lakes. Annual emigration rates of black crappies ranged from 0% to 92%. For bluegills, the 3-year emigration rate was 9% from Le Homme Dieu Lake and 14% from Victoria Lake, with annual rates ranging from 3% to 36%. We found no evidence that the size of bluegills or black crappies at tagging affected the likelihood of emigration and no evidence that movement upstream or downstream was preferred. Fisheries managers should not consider bluegill and especially black crappie populations in connected lakes to be isolated.
Seasonally Dependent Movement of Lake Trout between Two Northern Idaho Lakes
Authors: Venard Jacob A. , Scarnecchia Dennis L. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
The diel and seasonal movements of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush between Upper Priest Lake and Priest Lake, Idaho, were studied in 2000. Gill nets were used to capture and detect fish movements between the lakes. Lake trout were caught in the outlet of Upper Priest Lake and in the Thorofare (the narrow channel connecting the two lakes) primarily in the spring and fall, when water temperatures were cool. No lake trout were caught when the water temperature exceeded 15°C. Lake trout were primarily caught at night (94%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that nighttime lake trout catch per unit effort (CPUE) was significantly higher at lower lake surface water temperatures than at higher temperatures (P &lt; 0.01). Daytime lake trout CPUE was significantly higher at low Priest Lake surface temperature than high temperature and at high Thorofare depth than at low depth (P &lt; 0.01). Nighttime CPUE was significantly higher than daytime CPUE (P &lt; 0.01). These results indicate that warm summer water temperatures function as a natural thermal barrier to movement between the lakes in July and August, and that it may be necessary to block lake trout movements between the two lakes at other times to effectively control the population in Upper Priest Lake.
Are Block Nets Necessary?: Movement of Stream-Dwelling Salmonids in Response to Three Common Survey Methods
Authors: Peterson James T. , Banish Nolan P. , Thurow Russell F. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Fish movement during sampling may negatively bias sample data and population estimates. We evaluated the short-term movements of stream-dwelling salmonids by recapture of marked individuals during day and night snorkeling and backpack electrofishing. Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were captured in sufficient numbers to evaluate instream movements and the influence of stream habitat on movement. Salmonids moved upstream more often than downstream, which suggests that fish fled in response to sampling procedures. Fish movement rates were related to sampling method and stream habitat characteristics. The proportion of bull trout (mean total length, 148 mm) moving upstream from a 50-m reach was 28% for day snorkeling, 25% for night snorkeling, and 18% for single-pass electrofishing. The likelihood of rainbow trout movement upstream during sampling declined as the percentage of rubble substrate increased. Rainbow trout (mean total length, 139 mm) traveled short distances; 67% of mobile rainbow trout traveled 25 m, whereas 59% of mobile bull trout traveled more than 50 m. Our results suggest that fish movement out of sample sites during sampling may negatively bias abundance estimates and positively bias estimates of detection probability. We suggest that block nets are necessary to ensure population closure when estimating population abundance for stream-dwelling salmonids. We further caution that, when fish flee in response to sampling, observations of habitat use may only apply to the proportion of fish that remained stationary and that were observed.
The Influence of Circle Hooks on the Capture Efficiency and Injury Rate of Walleyes
Authors: Jones Thomas S. 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
In fisheries managed with conservative regulations, catch-and-release mortality may contribute over one-half of the total fishing mortality. Popular angling literature suggests that circle hooks reduce hooking mortality by reducing the incidence of deep hooking. Anglers fished for walleyes Sander vitreus with circle hooks and octopus hooks (J-hooks) to explore differences in hook efficiency and injury rate. The strike-specific injury rate (SSIR) was defined as the product of four performance ratings: hooking efficiency (H), retention efficiency (R), deep-hooking rate (D), and internal injury rate (I). The H of circle hooks was significantly less than that of octopus hooks. Values of R, D, and I did not differ significantly between circle hooks and octopus hooks, although all three proportions were lower for circle hooks. The circle hook SSIR was 0.12 injuries/strike and was significantly lower than the octopus hook SSIR of 0.27 injuries/strike. Assuming that hooking mortality is proportional to the rate of internal injury of landed fish (D × I), fishing mortality for walleye fisheries could be lowered by the use of circle hooks. Hooking efficiency, which was important in reducing SSIR, is often overlooked in traditional hooking mortality studies that focus on the survival of released fish. Anglers may be unwilling to accept regulations requiring circle hooks if they perceive that the hooks reduce catch rates while not reducing D and I
Single- versus Multiple-Pass Boat Electrofishing for Assessing Smallmouth Bass Populations in Virginia Rivers
Authors: Odenkirk John , Smith Scott 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
A depletion electrofishing study was conducted on two Virginia rivers to estimate the density and biomass of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu. Population estimates generated by a maximum likelihood analysis (MLM) were compared with those derived by the Leslie method. Also, population size structures from depletion samples were compared with those from single-pass surveys. Adult smallmouth bass were successfully depleted in three to five runs at most sites, and estimates averaged 386/km (SE = 132) and 47/ha (SE = 17) on the Rappahannock River and 265/km (SE = 90) and 38/ha (SE = 20) on the James River. Age-0 population estimates averaged 221/km (SE = 60) and 28/ha (SE = 14) on the Rappahannock River and 248/km (SE = 88) and 31/ha (SE = 14) on the James River. Capture probability was highest (mean = 0.40) for adult bass on the Rappahannock River and lowest (mean = 0.17) for age-0 bass on the James River. Population estimates based on the Leslie method, which regressed catch per effort on cumulative catch (lagged for one run), were greater than those generated by MLM, but the differences were relatively consistent and averaged 25%. Single-pass runs provided biased estimates of size structure at two of four Rappahannock River sites based on total length comparisons of stock size fish and structural indices (more large fish were captured by depletion electrofishing); however, little size selectivity bias existed between methods on the James River. This study suggests that smallmouth bass densities can be successfully estimated from sample reaches within large Virginia rivers and provides cautious optimism that single-pass electrofishing adequately describes smallmouth bass population size structure in some Virginia rivers.
Event or catastrophe in biogeosciences
Authors: Babin Claude 
Published: May 2005

Abstract
Catastrophism is back again into the biogeosciences since the recent hypotheses regarding the mass extinctions but its use has led to some immoderate language. So it would be better to use, according to H. Tintant, the word event. Catastrophe and catastrophism have an anthropocentric echo which doesn’t fit in with the scientific vocabulary.
Enhanced fluidization of nanoparticles in an oscillating magnetic field
Authors: Yu Qun , Dave Rajesh N. , Zhu Chao , Quevedo Jose A. , Pfeffer Robert 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSome experimental observations on the fluidization characteristics of nanoparticles in the form of agglomerates with magnetic assistance are presented. The nanoagglomerates consist of Degussa Aerosil® R974 fumed silica, with a primary particle size of 12 nm. An oscillating AC magnetic field is used to excite large (mm size) permanent magnetic particles mixed in with the nanoparticle agglomerates, and the fluidization behavior of the nanoagglomerates, including the fluidization regime, the minimum fluidization velocity, the bed pressure drop, and the bed expansion are investigated. It is shown that, with the aid of an oscillating magnetic field at low frequencies, the bed of nanoparticle agglomerates can be smoothly fluidized, and the minimum fluidization velocity is significantly reduced. In addition, channeling or slugging of the bed disappears and the bed expands uniformly without bubbles, and with negligible elutriation. The bed expansion and the minimum fluidization velocity depend on the mass ratio of magnetic particles to nanoparticles, and the intensity and frequency of the oscillating magnetic field. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Epigenetik – ein Epizentrum der Genregulation: Histone und histonmodifizierende Enzyme
Authors: Biel Markus , Wascholowski Veit , Giannis Athanassios 
Published: May 2005

AbstractDie Bekämpfung von Tumorerkrankungen durch die Entwicklung neuer Therapien ist eine der größten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Die Entschlüsselung des menschlichen Genoms hat zu Erkenntnissen hinsichtlich der molekularen Grundlagen körperlicher Fehlfunktionen geführt, sodass in vielen Fällen ein Zusammenhang zwischen fehlerhaften Genen und den resultierenden Krankheitsbildern hergestellt werden konnte. Die Modulation epigenetischer Mechanismen ermöglicht es, den Phänotyp einer Zelle zu beeinflussen, ohne ihren Genotyp zu ändern. So wichtig oder schädlich der Informationsgehalt eines einzelnen Genes auch ist – zur Entfaltung seiner Wirkung muss es aktiv abgelesen werden. Hierbei sind epigenetische Mechanismen maßgeblich eingebunden, und die Transkriptionsrate eines Gens ist direkt vom Modifikationsmuster der umgebenden Histonproteine sowie vom Methylierungsmuster der DNA abhängig. Diese Vorgänge beruhen auf Enzymen und sollten daher durch spezifische Modulatoren gezielt beeinflussbar sein. Sicherlich stehen alle Informationen schon in Form eines Vier‐Buchstaben‐Codes auf der DNA geschrieben – die Epigenetik beschreibt die Kunst, zwischen den Zeilen zu lesen.