bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonographic measurement of thoracic diameters of the early gestating fetus
Authors: Hata T. , Hata K. , Yamane Y. , Osamu T. , Kitao M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractEighty‐two ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 60 of our pregnant patients with regular menstrual cycles and no complications. The pregnancies ranged from 7 to 13 weeks of gestation. Thoracic anteroposterior diameter (ETAPD), transverse diameter (ETTD), cross‐sectional area (ETA) and crown‐rump length (CRL) were measured on each ultrasonogram. A high correlation between CRL and gestational age was firstly confirmed in this study. ETAPD, ETTD and ETA correlated well with the gestational age and CRL, respectively. Correlations between ETAPD/CRL and ETTD/CRL ratios with the gestational age were negative. A positive correlation of ETA/CRL ratio with the gestational age was evident. Ultrasonographic measurement of the thoracic diameters of the fetus in utero should be a useful parameter to evaluate the gestational age and for early detection of growth retardation in utero.
Preventive effect of traditional herbal medicine, shosaiko‐to, on danazol‐induced hepatic damage
Authors: Yaginuma T. , Okamura T. , Takeuchi T. , Nishii O. , Fujimori R. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe incidence of the hepatic damage during treatment with danazol (D), indicated by increased serum GOT, GPT and LDH levels, has been shown to be high especially in Japan. Thus, the preventive effect of the traditional herbal medicine, shosaiko‐to (SS) was investigated in the administration of D and SS for 16 weeks (D + SS group, N = 9) and the pre‐administration of SS for about 4 weeks followed by D and SS for 16 weeks (SS → D + SS group, N = 15). The incidence of serum GOT, GPT and LDH levels of more than normal range during the administration of danazol in the D + SS group was similar to that in the previous study of the administration of D alone. But it was significantly lower in the SS → D + SS group than the D + SS group. The mean levels of serum GOT and GPT were much lower in the SS → D + SS group than the D + SS group throughout the administration of danazol and the difference was significant at 8, 10 and 12 weeks in serum GOT levels and at 4 weeks in serum GPT levels. These results indicate that the pre‐administration of SS has great efficacy in the prevention of danazol‐induced hepatic damage.
Topical testosterone for lichen sclerosus
Authors: Ayhan A. , Urman B. , Yüce K. , Ayhan A. , Gököz A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty‐three patients diagnosed as lichen sclerosus with colposcopic directed biopsy were given topical testosterone as a first line therapy. The overall remission rate was found to be 87.7%; 8.7% of the patients experienced undesirable androgenic side effects. Of the three patients who did not respond satisfactorily to testosterone treatment, two had alcohol injection to the vulva and one had vulvar denervation.
Testicular volume and seminal fluid profile in fertile and infertile males in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Sobowale O.B. , Akiwumi O. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTotal testicular volume (TTV) measured with a metric tape and vernier calliper in 20 men whose wives were 12–20 weeks gestation, and in 48 infertile men was correlated with the height, weight, Ponderal Index (PI), sperm density, and total sperm in the ejaculate. There was a good correlation between TTV by tape and calliper (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). there was a positive linear correlation between TTV and height but not with the other parameters. Giant head spermatozoa were more common in fertile Nigerian males than in fertile Asian or caucasian males (P < 0.001). Giant head sperm and sperm with tail defects occurred in 6.25%, 11.1% fertile and 37.1%, 47.4% infertile men respectively. Spontaneous abortion due to blighted ova were more prevalent in wives whose husbands has > 8% giant head sperm (P < 0.02).
Importance of echographic and endocrine monitoring for the assessment of ovulation by follicle stimulating hormone in polycystic ovarian disease
Authors: Caruso A. , Lanzone A. , Fulghesu A.M. , Apa R. , Guida C. , Mancuso S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSixteen patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) were treated for 39 cycles with pure follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) for the induction of ovulation. At ovulation time human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was administered. Twenty‐one cycles were ovulatory. Twenty‐three were classified as normostimulated (N): six pregnancies and three abortions were observed. In the remaining eight hyperstimulated (H) cycles there were four full‐term pregnancies. Dosage and length of treatment were greater in patients with excess body weight (P < 0.01). H cycles were characterized in respect to N cycles by: (1) higher baseline values of 17‐hydroxy progesterone (17‐OHP) plasma levels and LH/FSH ratios; (2) higher plasma concentrations and rate of increase of 17‐OHP periovulatory levels. E2 plasma levels did not permit a clear differentiation between H and N cycles, and it was not useful for the timely recognition of hyperstimulation. Our data show that a slight controlled degree of ovarian hyperstimulation is beneficial to pregnancy rate and outcome.
Pregnancy outcome in unmarried teenage nulligravidae in Singapore
Authors: Kurup A. , Viegas O. , Singh K. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSingapore, like other newly industralized countries, has seen a dramatic transformation in the social standards of its population in a particularly short space of time. Unfortunately, this period of development has been accompanied by an escalation in the number of pregnancies to unmarried teenage girls. This paper examines the obstetric and social implications of 150 such pregnancies in younger and older teenagers. Poor intrauterine growth in the younger teenager appears to be the most important adverse obstetric outcome in that mean birthweight was significantly reduced (2738 g compared to 3054 g; P < 0.02). We believe this to be an important explanation for the five‐fold increase in perinatal mortality seen in this group of mothers. Unlike some other reports, we found no significant increase in the incidence of cephalopelvic disproportion, anemia or pregnancy induced hypertension in these mothers. The social implications of teenage pregnancy in Singapore are also examined and recommendations made for methods to curb the problem
Ultrasonic prediction of growth discordancy by intertwin difference in abdominal circumference
Authors: Blickstein I. , Friedman A. , Caspi B. , Lancet M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIntertwin abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) differences were studied in 24 growth‐discordant (⩾15% birth weight difference) and in 32‐growth concordant twin pairs delivered within 2 weeks of the last ultrasonic examination. Both groups were of similar gestational age but differed significantly in the mean twin birth weight and intertwin AC difference (P = 0.01 and P = 0.00009, respectively). A cutoff value (⩾18 mm) for AC difference was found to discriminate significantly (P < 0.0009) between concordant and discordant pairs with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 66.7%, 78%, 69.5% and 75.7%, respectively. These data may suggest that an intertwin difference of 18 mm or more in AC effectively screens for the diagnosis of 15% or more birth weight difference in twin pregnancies.
Supporting breastfeeding: What governments and health workers can do — European experiences
Authors: Helsing E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe International Code of Marketing of Breast‐Milk Substitutes provides health workers with a framework for action in breastfeeding promotion. Countries are to report their efforts to the World Health Organization (WHO). The European Regional WHO Office finds a diversity of practices within its countries. Therefore in 1986, they convened a meeting of health workers' organizations to draw up a strategy for implementation. This paper outlines the elements in the strategy, the reasons why some countries have seen increases in breastfeeding, and the possible ways international organizations can help.
Fetal macrosomia — maternal risks and fetal outcome
Authors: Meshari A.A. , De Silva S. , Rahman I. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwo hundred eighty‐four macrosomic babies of 4000 g or over at birth were compared with an equal number of appropriate weight term infants, to identify maternal risk factors and fetal outcome. Maternal obesity, grand multiparity, diabetes mellitus and post‐maturity were the major maternal risks. Prolonged labor, shoulder dystocia and injury to infant following instrumental delivery for mid‐cavity arrest were the major fetal risks. A protocol for management of fetal macrosomia is proposed.
Computerization of data: a person‐based medical record system
Authors: Savona‐Ventura C. , Grech E.S. , Grech A. , Fenech‐Gonzi P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThe collection and evaluation of obstetric data is essential for assessing the effectiveness of the health and social services in a country. A computerized system in use on a national level is described. The person‐based system aims to include all patients who encounter government medical services, including obstetric and infant data. The scope of the service is to make individual patient records easily available to the practitioner, but is designed to allow statistical analysis of the data.
Study of Norplant® implants in Shanghai: Three‐year experience
Authors: Du M.K. , Zheng H.M. , Chen H.C. , Chow L.P. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA clinical follow‐up study conducted in Shanghai, China confirmed earlier reports that the Norplant® implants, Norplant®‐1 and Norplant®‐2, are both highly effective with high continuation rates. The implants, however, tend to cause menstrual disturbance, spotting and bleeding. The mean hemoglobin value, however, did not change and the blood pressure remained stable. The report of 8 cases of thrombocytopenia among 301 Norplant®‐2 users is a source of concern.
Schmidt's syndrome: A rare cause of puberty menorrhagia
Authors: Sharma J.B. , Tiwari S. , Gulati N. , Sharma S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSchmidt's syndrome, also known as polyglandular deficiency syndrome, is the presence of Addison's disease and hypothyrodism in a single patient. It is usually associated with other autoimmune disorders like vitiligo, diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis. A rare case of an 18‐year‐old girl having Schmidt's syndrome and vitiligo who presented with puberty menorrhagia is reported. A brief review of the literature is also given.
Elevated peritoneal fluid luteinizing hormone and prolactin concentrations in infertile women with endometriosis
Authors: Chew P.C.T. , Peh K.L. , Loganath A. , Gunasegaram R. , Ratnam S.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractIn this study, we compared (Mann‐Whitney U‐test) the peritoneal fluid FSH, LH and PRL levels, measured by RIA, at the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in women with (n = 43; age 25–44 years) and with no evidence of endometriosis (n = 35; age 25–39 years) who were considered as controls. Both follicular and luteal phase FSH concentrations of women with endometriosis were not statistically different (n = 22 vs 18; 0.32–5.8 vs 0.50–8.2 IU/l, P = 0.247; n = 13 vs 14; 0.6–6.5 vs 0.66–6.7 IU/l, P = 0.604) compared to their respective controls. In contrast to FSH, the concentrations of LH at follicular (n = 19 vs 17; 3.1–34.2 vs 2.3–12.2 IU/l, P = 0.01) and luteal (n = 17 vs 15; 2.1–95.4 vs 1.3–17.9 IU/l, P = 0.02) phases of the test group was significantly elevated at both phases of the cycle. With respect to differences in PRL concentrations at follicular phase no significant change (n = 21 vs 16; 1030–5800 vs 1305–4650 mIU/l; P = 0.255) was observed. The greatest difference in luteal PRL concentrations (P = 0.007) was obtained between the women with endometriosis and controls (n = 17 vs 17; 1895–8600 vs 1041–5000 mIU/l). The results suggest that disordered synchronization of neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling LH and PRL may be the underlying abnormality causing infertility in our group of patients with endometriosis
Unicornuate uterus
Authors: Crowther M.E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTrue unicornuate uterus is a rare anomaly which is often associated with renal tract anomalies, and may predispose to infertility and pregnancy complications. Three additional cases are reported here. One of the women had associated bony and cardiac anomalies, although there was no good evidence that these were part of a syndrome. The diagnosis in each case was made incidentally during the surgical investigation of abdominal pain, which in one case was caused by an ectopic pregnancy, itself a rare occurrence with unicornuate uterus.
Ritodrine‐induced agranulocytosis
Authors: Muro M. , Shono H. , Oga M. , Ito Y. , Hirai M. , Sugimori H. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractThis is the first reported case of development of agranulocytosis induced by continuous intravenous infusion of a large quantity of ritodrine hydrochloride for tocolysis. It is suspected that the pathophysiological mechanism is a dose‐related toxic reaction and a cell loss maturation process of myelocytes.
Vulvar pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: McCalmont C.S. , Leshin B. , White W.L. , Greiss F.C. , Jorizzo J.L. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractPyoderma gangrenosum is an idiopathic dermatologic disease manifested by painful cutaneous ulceration. The ulcers are characterized by their undermined, violaceous borders and necrotic tissue at the ulcer base. The lesions may have an unusual response to physical manipulation known as pathergy, a phenomenon that is manifested by rapid progression following debridement. Pyoderma gangrenosum is frequently associated with systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic active hepatitis and hematologic malignancies. Conservative wound care and systemic corticosteroids are usually effective therapy. We report the second case in the gynecologic literature of a patient with vulvar pyoderma gangrenosum.
Criteria for the selection of experiences and content in midwifery education
Authors: Okafor C. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractSelection of content and learning experiences for any educational endeavor is based on the aim and objectives for setting up the program, and the competencies required of graduates of the school To exclude those experiences that will lead to skill in the management of obstetric emergencies, and at the same time expect midwives to function independently in rural communities is a negation of basic curriculum planning principles. The range of experiences available to the contemporary curriculum planner in the health field is infinite. However, due to the changing nature of societal needs in the health field, and the rapid obsolescence of previously held assumptions about health care services and the role of midwives. selection of experiences requires creativity and well defined criteria for judgment. Those suggested in this paper are validity, comprehensiveness, pattern, balance, relevance, and continuity. The six criteria are discussed to show the relevance of each to some of the current weaknesses in midwifery education in Nigeria.
Pelvic surgery, reproductive factors and risk of ectopic pregnancy: a case controlled study
Authors: Michalas S. , Minaretzis D. , Tsionou Ch. , Maos G. , Kioses E. , Aravantinos D. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA case controlled study among 361 women with surgically treated ectopic pregnancy and 420 women delivered at term was designed, aiming at characterization of the association among previous pelvic operations, selected reproductive factors and ectopic pregnancy. All types of previous pelvic operations increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy from a 2‐fold increase for appendectomy to a 9‐fold increase for ectopic pregnancy, if maternal age, parity, history of spontaneous and induced abortions and history of infertility is controlled. This study suggests that a previous pelvic operation may increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Nonsurgical treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Tulandi T. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractExpectant management and medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy either systemically or locally are reviewed. Because of the risks of tubal rupture, this nonsurgical management should be done with utmost care. To date, surgical removal of an ectopic pregnancy remains the method of choice and this can be safely done by laparoscopy. Alternate treatments should be carefully evaluated in clinical trials.
Risk factors for maternal mortality: Results of a case‐control study conducted in Conakry (Guinea)
Authors: Thonneau P. , Touré B. , Cantrelle P. , Barry T.M. , Papiernik E. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To assess the risk factors of maternal mortality in an urban area of West Africa (Conakry, capital of Guinea). Method: A case‐control study where 102 maternal deaths were compared with 338 control women who had given birth and survived, during 1 year (from July 1, 1989 to June 30, 1990). Result: Of all the socio‐demographic variables studied, only a low family income (R = 2.6; 1.1–6.5) was found to be a risk factor for maternal death In the obstetrical part of the survey, neither parity nor the number or location of pre‐natal consultations constituted risk factors. However, the presence during pregnancy or delivery of signs of infection (R = 3.7; 1.4–9.8), anemia (R = 2.1; 1.1–4.1), hypertension (R = 19.8; 5.8–67.8) and dystocia (R = 9.0; 3.7–21.5) were found to be the main predictive risk factors of maternal death. The maternal mortality risk was multiplied by 12 if the woman had had a cesarean section, and by 4 in the case of complications in the post‐partum period. Conclusion: To achieve substantial reductions in maternal mortality levels, work must be done on these specific risk factors, and future programs must urgently be concentrated on a higher standard of pre‐natal monitoring, obstetrical emergency facilities and training of obstetrical staff.
Cervical carcinoma in young patients: Clinical and pathological variables
Authors: Mariani L. , Iacovelli A. , Vincenzoni C. , Diotallevi F.F. , Atlante M. , Lombardi A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractTwenty‐five (10.2%) out of 243 untreated patients with invasive cervical carcinoma were 35 years old or younger. When matching the clinical and pathological variables between the younger and the older women, the former were characterized by a higher rate of Stage IB disease (P = 0.10), G3 and G4 tumors (P = 0.25), bulky lesions (P = 0.05) and node metastases (P = 0.50). In spite of this poorer pathological profile, both the 5‐year diseasefree survival rate (75%) and survival according to stage of the younger women were similar to those reported in larger series, regardless of the patients' age. No modification of the standard therapy is therefore required in younger patients.
Pregnancy and successful delivery in a patient with triple heart valve prosthesis
Authors: Furui T. , Kurauchi O. , Oguchi H. , Nomura S. , Mizutani S. , Tomoda Y. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA 42‐year‐old patient had a history of rheumatic fever in childhood. At 37 years of age, she underwent a triple heart valve replacement; thereafter, she was followed with the administration of warfarin and methyldigoxin. Her third pregnancy occurred with the last menstruation on 12 March 1990. At the 30th gestational week, she was admitted to the Nagoya University Hospital for the control of anticoagulation and rest. She delivered by cesarean section a healthy male infant weighing 2070 g at 34 weeks of gestation. The postoperative course was uneventful. This report shows that a patient with a three heart valve prosthesis tolerated pregnancy well under intense medical supervision.
Immunohistochemical studies of the uterine cervix after CO2 laser conization
Authors: Miyako J. , Iwanari O. , Kitao M. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractOBJECTIVE: To investigate the process of the maturation of cervical epithelium after CO2 laser conization. METHOD: Specimens from the uterine cervix (248) resected from 31 premenopausal females who had hysterectomy after CO2 laser conization were studied with 2 kinds of anti‐keratin monoclonal antibodies (PKK‐1, KL‐1). RESULT: (i) The epithelium covered stroma after 4–6 weeks. (ii) In the normal S‐C junction, KL‐1 was localized to the middle and upper layers, and PKK‐1 to the basal layer. (iii) The staining patterns of KL‐1 and PKK‐1 in the S‐C junctions after conization could be classified into 4 groups according to localization and staining intensity. (iv) The S‐C junction appeared normal in all specimens 7 weeks after conization. CONCLUSION: The regenerating epithelium covered the stroma within 4–6 weeks, but resolution of squamous epithelial metaplasia only occurred 7 weeks after conization.
Primary twin ovarian pregnancy
Authors: Tuncer R. , Sipahi T. , Erkaya S. , Akar N.K. , Bayşar N.S. , Erçevik S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractA 20‐year‐old‐woman, gravida II, para I, was admitted to the hospital with vaginal bleeding 17 weeks after her last menstrual period. Her pelvic examination was found to be compatible with 3.5 months of pregnancy by the attending physician. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an empty uterus and two dead fetuses with biometric data consistent with 14 weeks of pregnancy located in the left ovarian region. She was subjected to an explorative laparotomy and an intact gestational sac including the left ovary with normal tubes was observed; a unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was carried out. Histologic studies confirmed a twin ovarian pregnancy. Although rare, ovarian pregnancy should be considered when approaching a case of ectopic pregnancy. Early diagnosis is generally based on ultrasonographic findings. Advanced cases with unruptured sac and multiple gestations may also be present.
External four‐channel tocography during delivery
Authors: Spätling L. , Fallenstein F. , Danders R. , Hasenburg A. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: A four‐channel tocographic technique was developed in order to improve present knowledge of spatial uterine motility. Method: Fifty‐four women were monitored during labor. Four pressure transducers were attached in a square around the umbilicus. Results: The origin of uterine contractions was generally determined to be in the upper right segment of the uterus. The rate of operative deliveries was decreased in the case of predominant upper right origin of labor. Most of the contractions with clear propagation patterns originated on the upper right side, continued to the left and then spread to the lower right part of the uterus. The highest relative intensity was also measured on the upper right side. Conclusion: Predominant upper right origin of labor may be important for unassisted or spontaneous delivery.
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus
Authors: To W.W.K. , Ngan H.Y.S. 
Published: April 2004

AbstractObjective: To review the prognostic factors of Chinese women with mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus. Method: A retrospective review of 21 cases of malignant mixed Müllerian tumors of the uterus treated during the 10‐year period from 1980 to 1990. Results: All patients except one were postmenopausal. The incidence of previous pelvic irradiation was 9.5%. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding. One‐third of patients yielded an abnormal cervical smear. Treatment included surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the majority of patients. Prognosis was poor with only three long‐term survivors, all with stage‐I homologous tumors with superficial myometrial invasion. The survival rate for stage‐I and ‐II disease at 2 years was 50% and for more advanced disease extending beyond the uterus was 0%. The survival rate for all stages at 5 years was 14.3%, and the cumulative probability of survival at 5 years was 0.165. Conclusion: The most important prognostic factors appear to be the extent of tumor involvement at the time of diagnosis and the depth of myometrial invasion.