bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the for‐profit human milk industry and nonprofit human milk banking: Time for regulation?
Authors: Shenker Natalie , Linden Jonathan , Wang Betty , Mackenzie Claudia , Hildebrandt Alex Pueyo , Spears Jacqui , Davis Danielle , Nangia Sushma , Weaver Gillian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHuman milk (HM) is a highly evolutionary selected, complex biofluid, which provides tailored nutrition, immune system support and developmental cues that are unique to each maternal–infant dyad. In the absence of maternal milk, the World Health Organisation recommends vulnerable infants should be fed with screened donor HM (DHM) from a HM bank (HMB) ideally embedded in local or regional lactation support services. However, demand for HM products has arisen from an increasing awareness of the developmental and health impacts of the early introduction of formula and a lack of prioritisation into government‐funded and nonprofit milk banking and innovation. This survey of global nonprofit milk bank leaders aimed to outline the trends, commonalities and differences between nonprofit and for‐profit HM banking, examine strategies regarding the marketing and placement of products to hospital and public customers and outline the key social, ethical and human rights concerns. The survey captured information from 59 milk bank leaders in 30 countries from every populated continent. In total, five companies are currently trading HM products with several early‐stage private milk companies (PMCs). Products tended to be more expensive from PMC than HMB, milk providers were financially remunerated and lactation support for milk providers and recipients was not a core function of PMCs. Current regulatory frameworks for HM vary widely, with the majority of countries lacking any framework, and most others placing HM within food legislation, which does not include the support and care of milk donors and recipient prioritisation. Regulation as a Medical Product of Human Origin was only in place to prevent the sale of HM in four countries; export and import of HM was banned in two countries. This paper discusses the safety and ethical concerns raised by the commodification of HM and the opportunities policymakers have globally and country‐level to limit the potential for exploitation and the undermining of breastfeeding.
A good egg: An evaluation of a social and behavior change communication campaign to increase egg consumption among children in Rwanda
Authors: Siegal Kim , Wekesa Brendah , Custer Emily , Gatwaza Thierry H. , Uweh Jane , Niyonshuti Marthe 
Published: October 2023

AbstractChildhood malnutrition, which is endemic in rural areas of low‐income countries, leads to a host of deleterious outcomes such as poor cognitive development, low educational attainment and lower lifetime wages. Promoting the consumption of eggs among young children has emerged as a promising strategy to combat childhood malnutrition, though pathways to scale remain unclear. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of a social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) campaign combined with a program in which rural families purchased chickens on credit (poultry + SBCC; n = 769) relative to an arm in which families only received the poultry intervention (poultry only; n = 750), using a difference‐in‐difference estimation strategy with propensity score matching. The SBCC consisted of radio messages, in‐person training, text message reminders and posters. We found a relatively modest but statistically significant increase in the number of times per week respondents in the poultry + SBCC arm reported feeding eggs to children of 0.28 (p = 0.02) compared to the poultry‐only arm. The increase in egg feeding, however, was more pronounced for boys (0.42, p < 0.01) than for girls (0.14, p = 0.26). In addition, the campaign increased egg feeding more for those who were already feeding eggs to children (0.63, p < 0.01) than those who were not engaging in those practices at baseline (0.26, p < 0.01). However, the difference in these differences was not statistically significant. Future campaigns should ensure higher saturation of messaging and include specific messaging around the importance of feeding girls as well as boys. Campaigns seeking to scale up egg feeding quickly could potentially target the easier‐to‐reach segment of caregivers who already occasionally feed eggs to children though these might not be the neediest group.
Tidal gradients, fine‐scale homing and a potential cryptic ecotype of wild spawning pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha)
Authors: May Samuel A. , Shedd Kyle R. , Rand Peter S. , Westley Peter A. H. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe homing behaviour of salmon is a remarkable natural phenomenon, critical for shaping the ecology and evolution of populations yet the spatial scale at which it occurs is poorly understood. This study investigated the spatial scale and mechanisms driving homing as depicted by spawning site‐choice behaviour in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Molecular pedigree analyses of over 30,000 adult spawners in four streams revealed that pink salmon exhibit fine‐scale site fidelity within a stream, returning to within <100 m of their parents. Homing behaviours were driven in part by a salinity gradient between intertidal and freshwater environments, with individuals incubated in freshwater environments more than twice as likely to spawn upstream of tidal influence than those incubated in the intertidal. Our findings challenge the traditional view that pink salmon populations are genetically and phenotypically homogenous due to their short freshwater residency as juveniles and high rates of dispersal as returning adults (i.e. straying). This study has important implications for rates of inbreeding, local adaptation and gene flow within populations, and is particularly relevant to the management of salmon hatcheries, given the high incidence of hatchery‐origin pink salmon, reared in freshwater hatchery environments, that stray into wild populations of Prince William Sound.
Ancient DNA is preserved in fish fossils from tropical lake sediments
Authors: Muschick Moritz , Jemmi Eliane , Lengacher Nicholas , Hänsch Stephanie , Wales Nathan , Kishe Mary A. , Mwaiko Salome , Dieleman Jorunn , Lever Mark Alexander , Salzburger Walter , Verschuren Dirk , Seehausen Ole 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTropical freshwater lakes are well known for their high biodiversity, and particularly the East African Great Lakes are renowned for their adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes. While comparative phylogenetic analyses of extant species flocks have revealed patterns and processes of their diversification, little is known about evolutionary trajectories within lineages, the impacts of environmental drivers, or the scope and nature of now‐extinct diversity. Time‐structured palaeodata from geologically young fossil records, such as fossil counts and particularly ancient DNA (aDNA) data, would help fill this large knowledge gap. High ambient temperatures can be detrimental to the preservation of DNA, but refined methodology now allows data generation even from very poorly preserved samples. Here, we show for the first time that fish fossils from tropical lake sediments yield endogenous aDNA. Despite generally low endogenous content and high sample dropout, the application of high‐throughput sequencing and, in some cases, sequence capture allowed taxonomic assignment and phylogenetic placement of 17% of analysed fish fossils to family or tribe level, including remains which are up to 2700 years old or weigh less than 1 mg. The relationship between aDNA degradation and the thermal age of samples is similar to that described for terrestrial samples from cold environments when adjusted for elevated temperature. Success rates and aDNA preservation differed between the investigated lakes Chala, Kivu and Victoria, possibly caused by differences in bottom water oxygenation. Our study demonstrates that the sediment records of tropical lakes can preserve genetic information on rapidly diversifying fish taxa over time scales of millennia.
L‐glutathione 1% promotes neuroprotection of nitrergic neurons and reduces the oxidative stress in the jejunum of rats with Walker‐256‐bearing tumor
Authors: de Oliveira Ana Paula , Perles Juliana Vanessa Colombo Martins , de Souza Sara Raquel Garcia , Sestak Sabrina Silva , da Motta Lima Fabiana Galvão , Almeida Gustavo Henrique Doná Rodrigues , Cicero Lídia Rodrigues , Clebis Naianne Kelly , Guarnier Flávia Alessandra , Blegniski Fernanda Pascoal , Vasconcelos Roseane Carvalho , Araújo Aurigena Antunes , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Moreira Lucas Stafuza , Sehaber‐Sierakowski Camila Cavicchioli , Zanoni Kassio Papi Silva , Zanoni Jacqueline Nelisis 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimsOur main goals were to investigate the effects of L‐glutathione (1%) treatment in Walker‐256 tumor‐bearing rats by analyzing immunoreactive neurons (IR), responsive to the nNOS enzyme and 3‐Nitrotyrosine, in their jejunum myenteric plexus. Moreover, the oxidative state and inflammatory process in these animals were investigated.MethodsFour experimental groups were utilized: control (C), control treated with L‐glutathione (CGT), Walker‐256 tumor‐bearing rats (TW), and Walker‐256 tumor‐bearing rats treated with L‐glutathione (TWGT). After 14 days of tumor inoculation, the jejunum was collected for immunohistochemical techniques and assessment of oxidative status. Plasma was collected to evaluate oxidative status and measure cytokines.ResultsThe TW group exhibited a decrease of reduced glutathione in their jejunum, which was prevented in the L‐glutathione treated TWGT group. TW animals presented pronounced oxidative stress by increasing levels of lipoperoxidation in their jejunum and malondialdehyde in their plasma; however, the L‐glutathione treatment in TWGT group was not able to avoid it. The total antioxidant capacity was altered in groups TW and TWGT, yet the last one had a better index in their plasma. The IL‐10, and TNF‐α levels increased in TWGT animals. The nNOS‐IR neuron density decreased in the jejunum myenteric plexus of the TW group, which was avoided in the TWGT group. The nNOS +3‐Nitrotyrosine neurons quantification did not show significative alterations.ConclusionThe treatment with L‐glutathione (1%) imposed an important defense to some parameters of oxidative stress induced by TW‐256, leading to neuroprotection to the loss in the nNOS‐IR neuron density.
Clinical and molecular features in a cohort of Middle Eastern patients with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Bergson Shir , Daniely Daniel , Bomze David , Mohamad Janan , Malovitski Kiril , Meijers Odile , Briskin Valeria , Bihari Ofer , Malchin Natalia , Israeli Shirli , Mashiah Jacob , Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora , Avitan‐Hersh Emily , Eskin‐Schwartz Marina , Allon‐Shalev Stavit , Sarig Ofer , Sprecher Eli , Samuelov Liat 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) features skin and mucosal fragility due to pathogenic variants in genes encoding components of the cutaneous basement membrane. Based on the level of separation within the dermal‐epidermal junction, EB is sub‐classified into four major types including EB simplex (EBS), junctional EB (JEB), dystrophic EB (DEB), and Kindler EB (KEB) with 16 EB‐associated genes reported to date.MethodsWe ascertained a cohort of 151 EB patients of various Middle Eastern ethnic backgrounds.ResultsThe cohort was comprised of EBS (64%, 97/151), DEB (21%, 31/151), JEB (12%, 18/151), and KEB (3%, 5/151). KRT14 and KRT5 variants were most common among EBS patients with 43% (42/97) and 46% (45/97) of EBS patients carrying mutations in either of these two genes, respectively. Truncal involvement was more common in KRT14‐associated EBS as compared to EBS due to KRT5 mutations (p < .05). Mutations in COL17A1 and laminin 332‐encoding genes were identified in 55% (10/18) and 45% (8/18) of JEB patients. Scarring alopecia, caries, and EB nevi were most common among JEB patients carrying COL17A1 mutations as compared to laminin 332‐associated JEB (p < .05). Abnormal nails were evident in most DEB and JEB patients while poikiloderma was exclusively observed in KEB (p < .001).ConclusionsEB patients of Middle Eastern origin were found to feature specific phenotype–genotype correlations of relevance to the diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients in this region.
Sector attraction and the role of job information: Evidence from a conjoint experiment
Authors: Lee Ivan P. , Jilke Sebastian 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAre public and private employees different? And is this difference due to the fact that different people are attracted to work for government rather than companies? It has been proposed that individuals with certain characteristics, such as having high levels of risk aversion or public service motivation (PSM), are more likely to self‐select into public service. This study argues that this sector attraction effect depends on the amount of job‐related information available to job seekers at different stages of the job search process. We test our hypotheses using a three‐stage conjoint experimental design. The employment sector only matters to job seekers when little direct information is provided. Once more job‐related information is available to them, it diminishes. This effect is especially strong for people with high levels of PSM. These findings suggest that the sector attraction effect is situational, which has important implications for theory and practice of public sector attraction.
Changes in cycling economy and fractional utilization of V̇O2peak during a 40‐min maximal effort exercise test with acute hypobaric hypoxia corresponding to 2800 m of altitude
Authors: Oberholzer Laura , Aamaas Nikolai Søndersrød , Hallén Jostein 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPeak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) declines by ~7% per 1000 m of increasing altitude, whereas exercise performance seems reduced to a lesser extent. For example, 800–10 000 m track and field performances are decreased by 0.4%–2.4% above 1000 m as compared to below and some studies show similar drops in cycling performance. A greater decline in V̇O2peak than in endurance performance with altitude suggests a higher fractional utilization of V̇O2peak (%V̇O2peak). Therefore, we hypothesized that the %V̇O2peak is higher with acute hypoxic exposure than near sea level.MethodsSixteen lowlanders (8 women, age: 31 ± 7 years [mean ± SD], body mass: 68 ± 8 kg, V̇O2peak: 60 ± 8 mL min−1 kg−1) underwent cycling testing in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber on 6 test days, three conducted at 300 m and three at 2800 m of acute altitude. At both altitudes, V̇O2peak was determined, and during a 40‐min all out maximal effort time trial (TT), mean power output (MPO) and mean V̇O2 (%V̇O2peak) were assessed.ResultsV̇O2peak decreased by 11.2 ± 3.0% (p < 0.001), while MPO during the TT declined by 10.7 ± 3.1% (p < 0.001) at 2800 m as compared to 300 m. During the TT, %V̇O2peak was higher at altitude, corresponding to 75.9 ± 4.5% at 300 m and 78.8 ± 4.2% at 2800 m (p = 0.011), and cycling economy (mL O2 kJ−1) was poorer (+3.4 ± 2.7%, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe %V̇O2peak was higher during a cycling TT at 2800 m of altitude than near sea level, while cycling economy was poorer. This resulted in a similar reduction in performance and V̇O2peak. Future studies should address the physiological mechanisms underlying the elevated %V̇O2peak.
Influence of a football match on landing biomechanics and jump performance in female football players
Authors: Miralles‐Iborra Aaron , Elvira Jose L. L. , Del Coso Juan , Hernandez‐Sanchez Sergio , Pino‐Ortega Jose , Moreno‐Pérez Victor 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the acute effect of a competitive football match on jump performance and kinematic parameters during jump landing in semiprofessional female football players. Twenty‐two semiprofessional players (20 ± 3 years) underwent a drop jump task for a posterior video analysis of the landing phase. These measurements were obtained at (1) baseline, (2) after, and (3) 48 h after a competitive football match. A one‐way ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to detect differences over the time. There was a main effect of time for maximal knee flexion angle during drop landing (p = 0.001). In comparison with baseline, maximal knee flexion angle was reduced immediately post‐match and was still reduced 48 h after the match (63.4 ± 8.6 vs 57.0 ± 11.7 vs 48.9 ± 19.1, p ≤ 0.038). There was also a main effect of time for drop jump height (p < 0.001). Drop jump height was reduced immediately post‐match and remained low 48 h after the match in comparison with baseline (27.3 ± 3.6 vs 24.5 ± 2.8 ~ 25.5 ± 3.0 cm, p ≤ 0.002). There was a main effect of time on hip flexion angle during landing (p = 0.001), but the pairwise comparison revealed that this variable was not affected immediately post‐match but was lower 48 h after the match than at baseline (50.1 ± 10.1 ~ 50.8 ± 13.2 vs 38.1 ± 17.8 °, p ≤ 0.005). A competitive football match worsened jump performance and several landing biomechanical parameters in female football players, which were still decreased in comparison with baseline even 48 h after the match.
Clitic placement at the syntax‐phonology interface: A case study of Berber*
Authors: El Hankari Abdelhak 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBerber1 clitics are argued to follow the main verb but may appear in a position preceding the verb in the presence of a Complementiser, Negation or Tense. However, there are cases involving a subset of these categories yet the clitics still follow the verb. In this article, it is argued that neither syntax nor phonology alone can handle the full range of clitic alternations. Instead, the placement of these clitics is claimed to involve both syntax and phonology. It is argued that these clitics undergo syntactic movement from a lower position to the left of the verb for licensing purposes. However, clitics in some syntactically well‐formed positions may still be ill‐formed due to prosodic considerations. Assuming copy theory of movement, the variable positioning of clitics is attributed to the spell‐out of different copies in the movement chain, thus obviating the need for phonological movement.
Genomic consequences associated with Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation of plants
Authors: Thomson Geoffrey , Dickinson Lauren , Jacob Yannick 
Published: October 2023

SUMMARYAttenuated strains of the naturally occurring plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer virtually any DNA sequence of interest to model plants and crops. This has made Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation (AMT) one of the most commonly used tools in agricultural biotechnology. Understanding AMT, and its functional consequences, is of fundamental importance given that it sits at the intersection of many fundamental fields of study, including plant‐microbe interactions, DNA repair/genome stability, and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Despite extensive research and use of AMT over the last 40 years, the extent of genomic disruption associated with integrating exogenous DNA into plant genomes using this method remains underappreciated. However, new technologies like long‐read sequencing make this disruption more apparent, complementing previous findings from multiple research groups that have tackled this question in the past. In this review, we cover progress on the molecular mechanisms involved in Agrobacterium‐mediated DNA integration into plant genomes. We also discuss localized mutations at the site of insertion and describe the structure of these DNA insertions, which can range from single copy insertions to large concatemers, consisting of complex DNA originating from different sources. Finally, we discuss the prevalence of large‐scale genomic rearrangements associated with the integration of DNA during AMT with examples. Understanding the intended and unintended effects of AMT on genome stability is critical to all plant researchers who use this methodology to generate new genetic variants.
Physiological and psychological stress response of blood donors during the blood donation process
Authors: Kaur Arshpreet , Kaur Ravneet , Sood Tanvi , Malhotra Anita , Arun Priti , Mittal Kshitija , Kaur Paramjit , Kaur Gagandeep , Prakash Kiran 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood donation can be a potentially stressful event, leading to the activation of an acute stress response. Knowing and identifying potential stressors could help in optimizing the donation experience. The present study aimed to measure the physiological and psychological stress changes before, during and after blood donation.Materials and MethodsPhysiological and psychological stress response was assessed in 70 blood donors. To evaluate physiological stress response, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), beat‐to‐beat BP and lead II electrocardiogram were recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was calculated using the available software. Psychological stress response was assessed using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory scale.ResultsA significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure was observed in the pre‐donation period (p < 0.001). Among the time‐domain parameters, SDSD (standard deviation of differences between adjacent respiratory rate intervals) and RMSSD (root mean square of the successive differences) were significantly lower during the post‐donation period (p < 0.005, p < 0.007, respectively). Among the frequency‐domain parameters, LF nu (relative power of the low‐frequency band in normalized units), HF nu (relative power of the high‐frequency band in normalized units) and LF% (relative power of the low‐frequency band in percentage) were significantly lower before donation compared to during donation (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.012, respectively). LF nu, LF% and LF/HF ratio were also significantly lower during donation compared to after donation (p < 0.05, p < 0.016 and p < 0.042, respectively). Baroreflex sensitivity was also statistically higher during the pre‐donation period. State score was significantly higher among the blood donors during the pre‐donation period.ConclusionPhysiological and psychological stress is experienced by blood donors during the pre‐donation period. A pre‐donation informative conversation should be carried out with each blood donor and potential stressors should be identified in each.
The uniqueness theorem for Gysin coherent characteristic classes of singular spaces
Authors: Banagl Markus , Wrazidlo Dominik J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe establish a general computational scheme designed for a systematic computation of characteristic classes of singular complex algebraic varieties that satisfy a Gysin axiom in a transverse setup. This scheme is explicitly geometric and of a recursive nature terminating on genera of explicit characteristic subvarieties that we construct. It enables us, for example, to apply intersection theory of Schubert varieties to obtain a uniqueness result for such characteristic classes in the homology of an ambient Grassmannian. Our framework applies in particular to the Goresky–MacPherson ‐class by virtue of the Gysin restriction formula obtained by the first author in previous work. We illustrate our approach for a systematic computation of the ‐class in terms of normally nonsingular expansions in examples of singular Schubert varieties that do not satisfy Poincaré duality over the rationals.