bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3-Demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline, a natural xanthone with diuretic and kidney protective properties
Authors: Mariano Luísa Nathália Bolda , Boeing Thaise , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Niero Rivaldo , da Silva Luisa Mota , de Souza Priscila 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The diuretic and kidney protective effect of the 3-demethyl-2-geranyl-4-prenylbellidifoline (DGP) were evaluated in rats.

Methods
The normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received, once a day for 7 days, oral treatment with DGP (0.1 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (10 ml/kg). Urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected for further analysis.

Key findings
The urine and Na+ elimination content were significantly higher in the groups that received DGP. Furthermore, a Ca2+-sparing action was detected in the urine of DGP-treated groups, which was consistent with the reduction in calcium oxalate crystal formation. Relevantly, the treatment did not change the parameters examined in the blood. Concerning the renal analyses, DGP treatment recovered the morphological damages of the kidney corpuscle area of SHR. In addition to the differences observed between the NTR and SHR vehicle groups, DGP augmented the amount of reduced glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase GST while reducing the catalase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity and nitrite levels.

Conclusion
Together, this study displayed the prolonged diuretic action of DGP and its natriuretic, Ca2+-sparing, and antiurolytic effects. The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of DGP were evidenced in SHR kidneys, opening perspectives for further studies regarding the benefits of this xanthone.
Milestones in understanding transport, sensing, and signaling of the plant nutrient phosphorus
Authors: Yang Shu-Yi , Lin Wei-Yi , Hsiao Yi-Min , Chiou Tzyy-Jen 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
As an essential nutrient element, phosphorus (P) is primarily acquired and translocated as inorganic phosphate (Pi) by plant roots. Pi is often sequestered in the soil and becomes limited for plant growth. Plants have developed a sophisticated array of adaptive responses, termed P starvation responses, to cope with P deficiency by improving its external acquisition and internal utilization. Over the past 2 to 3 decades, remarkable progress has been made toward understanding how plants sense and respond to changing environmental P. This review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms that regulate or coordinate P starvation responses, emphasizing P transport, sensing, and signaling. We present the major players and regulators responsible for Pi uptake and translocation. We then introduce how P is perceived at the root tip, how systemic P signaling is operated, and the mechanisms by which the intracellular P status is sensed and conveyed. Additionally, the recent exciting findings about the influence of P on plant-microbe interactions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and prospects concerning the interplay between P and other nutrients and strategies to enhance P utilization efficiency are discussed. Insights obtained from this knowledge may guide future research endeavors in sustainable agriculture.
A pilot oral history of plant synthetic biology
Authors: Joshi Jaya , Hanson Andrew D 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The whole field of synthetic biology (SynBio) is only about 20 years old, and plant SynBio is younger still. Nevertheless, within that short time, SynBio in general has drawn more scientific, philosophical, government, and private-sector interest than anything in biology since the recombinant DNA revolution. Plant SynBio, in particular, is now drawing more and more interest in relation to plants’ potential to help solve planetary problems such as carbon capture and storage and replacing fossil fuels and feedstocks. As plant SynBio is so young and so fast-developing, we felt it was too soon to try to analyze its history. Instead, we set out to capture the essence of plant SynBio's origins and early development through interviews with 8 of the field's founders, representing 5 countries and 3 continents. We then distilled these founders’ personal recollections and reflections into this review, centering the narrative on timelines for pivotal events, articles, funding programs, and quoting from interviews. We have archived the interview recordings and documented timeline entries. This work provides a resource for future historical scholarship.
A century of studying plant secondary metabolism—From “what?” to “where, how, and why?”
Authors: Dixon Richard A , Dickinson Alexandra Jazz 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Over the past century, early advances in understanding the identity of the chemicals that collectively form a living plant have led scientists to deeper investigations exploring where these molecules localize, how they are made, and why they are synthesized in the first place. Many small molecules are specific to the plant kingdom and have been termed plant secondary metabolites, despite the fact that they can play primary and essential roles in plant structure, development, and response to the environment. The past 100 yr have witnessed elucidation of the structure, function, localization, and biosynthesis of selected plant secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, many mysteries remain about the vast diversity of chemicals produced by plants and their roles in plant biology. From early work characterizing unpurified plant extracts, to modern integration of ‘omics technology to discover genes in metabolite biosynthesis and perception, research in plant (bio)chemistry has produced knowledge with substantial benefits for society, including human medicine and agricultural biotechnology. Here, we review the history of this work and offer suggestions for future areas of exploration. We also highlight some of the recently developed technologies that are leading to ongoing research advances.
Follicle stimulating hormone controls granulosa cell glutamine synthesis to regulate ovulation
Authors: Zhang Kai-Hui , Zhang Fei-Fei , Zhang Zhi-Ling , Fang Ke-Fei , Sun Wen-Xing , Kong Na , Wu Min , Liu Hai-Ou , Liu Yan , Li Zhi , Cai Qing-Qing , Wang Yang , Wei Quan-Wei , Lin Peng-Cheng , Lin Yan , Xu Wei , Xu Cong-Jian , Yuan Yi-Yuan , Zhao Shi-Min 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1-KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS.
Wearable Technology to Capture Arm Use of People With Stroke in Home and Community Settings: Feasibility and Early Insights on Motor Performance
Authors: Demers Marika , Bishop Lauri , Cain Amelia , Saba Joseph , Rowe Justin , Zondervan Daniel K , Winstein Carolee J 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objectives of this study were to establish the short-term feasibility and usability of wrist-worn wearable sensors for capturing the arm and hand activity of people with stroke and to explore the association between factors related to the use of the paretic arm and hand.

Methods
Thirty people with chronic stroke were monitored with wrist-worn wearable sensors for 12 hours per day for a 7-day period. Participants also completed standardized assessments to capture stroke severity, arm motor impairments, self-perceived arm use, and self-efficacy. The usability of the wearable sensors was assessed using the adapted System Usability Scale and an exit interview. Associations between motor performance and capacity (arm and hand impairments and activity limitations) were assessed using Spearman correlations.

Results
Minimal technical issues or lack of adherence to the wearing schedule occurred, with 87.6% of days procuring valid data from both sensors. The average sensor wear time was 12.6 (standard deviation [SD] = 0.2) hours per day. Three participants experienced discomfort with 1 of the wristbands, and 3 other participants had unrelated adverse events. There were positive self-reported usability scores (mean = 85.4/100) and high user satisfaction. Significant correlations were observed for measures of motor capacity and self-efficacy with paretic arm use in the home and the community (Spearman correlation coefficients = 0.44–0.71).

Conclusions
This work demonstrates the feasibility and usability of a consumer-grade wearable sensor for capturing paretic arm activity outside the laboratory. It provides early insight into the everyday arm use of people with stroke and related factors, such as motor capacity and self-efficacy.

Impact
The integration of wearable technologies into clinical practice offers new possibilities to complement in-person clinical assessments and to better understand how each person is moving outside of therapy and throughout the recovery and reintegration phase. Insight gained from monitoring the arm and hand use of people with stroke in the home and community is the first step toward informing future research with an emphasis on causal mechanisms with clinical relevance.
What About Fertility? The Unintentional Pro-natalism of a Nordic Country
Authors: Hart Rannveig Kaldager , Holst Cathrine 
Published: January 2024

AbstractCombining high birth rates with gender equality and women’s reproductive choice is often put forward as a Nordic success story. We analyze Norwegian governmental commission reports delivered 1984–2017, tracing how fertility issues are approached in policy-making under shifting demographic conditions. We focus on four key topics—pro-natalism, individual versus societal level effects of policies, socioeconomic differences in fertility, and immigration. We see little or no attention given to the fact that policy effects may vary by class background or preferences. Relatively high fertility is considered positive, but pro-natalist intent is downplayed or absent, even when fertility is falling. We connect these findings to the distinctive Nordic dual earner/care-giver model, a historical legacy of “unintentional” pro-natalism, and features of the commission system. We call for more interchange between demography and institutionalist scholarship and argue that questions of macro-level fertility effects of family policies could be better handled in a more explicit debate.
Comparing the severity of second preeclampsia with first preeclampsia: a multicenter retrospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Zhang Lizi , Bi Shilei , Gong Jingjin , Wang Xinghe , Liang Jingying , Gu Shifeng , Su Minglian , Wang Weiwei , Sun Manna , Chen Jingsi , Zheng Weitan , Wu Junwei , Wang Zhijian , Liu Jianmeng , Li Hong-tian , Chen Dunjin , Du Lili 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
Compare the clinical severity of second preeclampsia with the first preeclampsia.

Methods:
This retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in three teaching hospitals in Guangzhou, where there were a total of 296 405 deliveries between 2010 and 2021. Two consecutive singleton deliveries complicated with preeclampsia were included. Clinical features, laboratory results within 1 week before delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of both deliveries were collected. Univariate analyses were made using paired Wilcoxon tests and McNemar tests. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models were performed to assess the association of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes with second preeclampsia.

Results:
A total of 151 women were included in the study. The mean maternal age was 28 and 33 years for the first and second deliveries, respectively. The proportion of preventive acetylsalicylic acid use was 4.6% for the first delivery and 15.2% for the second delivery. No significant differences were observed in terms of blood pressure on admission, gestational weeks of admission and delivery, application of perinatal antihypertensive agents, rates of preterm delivery, and severe features between the two occurrences. However, the rates of heart disease, edema, and admission to the ICU were lower, and hospital stays were shorter in the second preeclampsia compared with the first preeclampsia. Sensitivity analysis conducted among women who did not use preventive acetylsalicylic acid yielded similar results. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the occurrence of second preeclampsia was associated with significantly decreased risks of heart disease, edema, complications, and admission to the NICU, with odds ratios ranging between 0.157 and 0.336.

Conclusion:
Contrary to expectations, the second preeclampsia did not exhibit worse manifestations or outcomes to the first occurrence. In fact, some clinical features and outcomes appeared to be better in the second preeclampsia.
Surgical Approach for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance-Related Ocular Copper Deposition
Authors: Dai Xi , Lee Moon Jeong , Schein Oliver D. , Wenick Adam S. , Oboh-Weilke Aruoriwo M. , Woreta Fasika A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to present the surgical management of a patient with ocular copper deposition associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

Methods:
This is a case report of a 44-year-old man with MGUS who presented to us with bilateral diffuse deposition of copper in the cornea and lens.

Results:
Despite initiating systemic therapy for MGUS, no corneal clearing was observed. A decision was made to proceed with cataract extraction in the left eye given worsening vision. Despite trypan blue staining and a central descemetorhexis, visualization remained too poor to complete phacoemulsification. Pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy to remove the residual lens material and placement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the sulcus with endoillumination was subsequently performed. As vision in the left eye steadily improved postoperatively, cataract surgery was then performed in the right eye. With use of trypan blue, creation of a 6-mm central descemetorhexis, and a retinal light pipe for endoillumination anteriorly to augment visualization, capsulorhexis, phacoemulsification, and insertion of intraocular lens in the bag were completed without difficulty. The patient's vision improved at subsequent follow-ups, reaching a final best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20-1 in the right eye and 20/25-1 in the left eye.

Conclusions:
Ocular copper deposition is a rare manifestation of MGUS. Cataract extraction is challenging, often requiring advanced techniques. Endoillumination is useful to improve visualization through the dense corneal copper deposition.
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Caceres Jose Diego , Venkata Anand 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a syndrome characterized by upper lobe emphysema with lower lobe fibrosis. We aim to bring some clarity about its definition, nature, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.

Recent findings
Although multiple genetic and molecular pathways have been implicated in the development of CPFE, smoking is considered the most prevalent risk factor. CPFE is most prevalent in middle-aged men with more than 40 pack-years of smoking and can be seen in about 8% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Given its nature, it is a radiological diagnosis, better defined by computed tomography (CT). Spirometry can be normal despite severe disease or can have restrictive or obstructive patterns, but the diffusing capacity of the lungs (DLCO) is consistently low regardless of the spirometry pattern. The disease is progressive, with high occurrences of lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension, complications that limit survival. Unfortunately, there is no treatment found to be beneficial other than supportive care and guideline-directed medical therapy.

Summary
CPFE is best described as a clinical and radiological syndrome where smokers are particularly at greater risk. Although simplistic, the earliest definition based chiefly on radiographic findings can identify a patient population with similar physiology. The most recent consensus proposes the definition based on mainly radiological findings with impaired gas exchange.
Which Symptoms Bridge Symptoms of Depression and Symptoms of Eating Disorders?
Authors: Meier Marieke , Summers Berta J. , Buhlmann Ulrike 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Depression is a common comorbid mental illness in eating disorders (EDs). Network theory focuses on interactions between symptoms, but findings from network analyses of EDs and depression need to be replicated to make reliable claims about the nature of symptomatic interplay. We used cross-sectional data of 366 online-recruited participants with clinically elevated ED symptomatology and constructed a regularized partial correlation network with ED and depression symptoms. To determine each symptom's influence, we calculated expected influence (EI) and bridge EI to identify symptoms that bridged symptoms of depression and ED. Concerns that others see one eat, fear of weight gain, and fear of loss of control over eating were especially important among the ED symptoms. Loss of interest and feeling sad were the key depression symptoms. Eating in secret and low self-esteem emerged as potential bridge symptoms between clusters. These findings regarding bridge symptoms partially overlap with prior network analyses in nonclinical and clinical samples. Future studies that investigate symptom interplay via a longitudinal design to deduce causality are needed.
Symptoms and Main Differences Between a Psychopath and a Sociopath
Authors: Spytska Liana 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The research relevance is predefined by the fact that, in modern psychology and psychiatry, the concepts of psychopathy and sociopathy are combined and interchanged. These are two concepts that describe different etiologies of the same mental health condition. The research aims to describe in detail the main manifestations and characteristics of personality disorders (psychopathy and sociopathy) in psychiatry and psychology. The research analyzes the main features and manifestations of sociopathy and psychopathy. It examines the work of psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons in helping sociopaths and psychopaths. The study also explores the challenges of treating antisocial personality disorders and identifies internal and external factors that influence the development of these conditions. In addition, the article emphasizes the behavioral differences between sociopaths and psychopaths, proposes various methods for integrated therapy, diagnoses the main aspects of these disorders, and highlights the importance of psychiatric care and psychotherapeutic interventions. The research is of theoretical and practical value for psychologists, psychoanalysts, and physicians who can help people with these pathologies of personal development.
Vaccinations in patients diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder receiving an immunosuppressive agent: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Loflin Betty , Upchurch Linda , Palokas Michelle , Christian Robin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Immunosuppressed patients face increased health risks due to infections such as influenza or COVID-19. Scientific evidence supports improved health-related outcomes in this patient population, such as reduced hospitalizations, with up-to-date vaccinations. The project setting, a community-based rheumatology clinic, did not have a vaccination record specific to the needs of immunosuppressed patients, which may have led to suboptimal immunization status in these patients.

Objective:
This project aimed to promote evidence-based practices regarding the use of vaccinations in patients diagnosed with autoimmune disorders receiving immunosuppressive agents.

Methods:
This project used the JBI evidence implementation framework to promote best practices regarding vaccination. Two audit criteria were identified using a JBI evidence summary. Baseline audits identified gaps between the evidence and current practice. Barriers to best practice were then identified, and strategies implemented. Post-implementation audits measured changes in compliance.

Results:
Baseline audits revealed 67% compliance with the two best practices. Barriers included a lack of provider awareness of the current vaccination recommendations for immunosuppressed patients and a lack of customizable vaccine records. Strategies to address these barriers included educating providers about current national vaccination recommendations and implementing a new patient vaccination history intake form. Post-implementation audits revealed 83% compliance, a 16% increase from baseline.

Conclusions:
This evidence-based implementation project enhanced best practices by educating providers and implementing an updated patient vaccination history form. Recommendations included improved compliance with the use of the new form and assessing the effectiveness and usability of a customizable electronic form that interfaced with the clinic's electronic medical records.
Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes for Differential Expression duringXenopus laevisInner Ear Development
Authors: Virk Selene M. , Trujillo-Provencio Casilda , Serrano Elba E. 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe genes involved in inner ear development and maintenance of the adult organ have yet to be fully characterized. Previous genetic analysis has emphasized the early development that gives rise to the otic vesicle. This study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap and identify candidate genes that are expressed as the auditory and vestibular sensory organs continue to grow and develop until the systems reach postmetamorphic maturity.MethodsAffymetrixmicroarrays were used to assess inner ear transcriptome profiles from threeXenopus laevisdevelopmental ages where all eight endorgans comprise mechanosensory hair cells: larval stages 50 and 56, and the post-metamorphic juvenile. Pairwise comparisons were made between the three developmental stages and the resulting differentially expressedX.laevisProbe Set IDs (Xl-PSIDs) were assigned to four groups based on differential expression patterns. DAVID analysis was undertaken to impart functional annotation to the differentially regulated Xl-PSIDs.ResultsAnalysis identified 1510 candidate genes for differential gene expression in one or more pairwise comparison. Annotated genes not previously associated with inner ear development emerged from this analysis, as well as annotated genes with established inner ear function, such asoncomodulin,neurod1,andsp7. Notably, 36% of differentially expressed Xl-PSIDs were unannotated.ConclusionsResults draw attention to the complex gene regulatory patterns that characterizeXenopusinner ear development, and underscore the need for improved annotation of theX. laevisgenome. Outcomes can be utilized to select candidate inner ear genes for functional analysis, and to promoteXenopusas a model organism for biomedical studies of hearing and balance.