bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Large-Area Polarized-Light Microscopy
Authors: Hoover Brian G , Ornelas-Rascon Cesar H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article describes the elevation of polarized-light microscopy (PLM) to a technique for quantitative large-area material characterization in the Microscopy Today Innovation Award-winning CrystalViewTM laser PLM. CrystalView is enabled by narrow-band laser illumination, bistatic design, and strict qualification of polarization optics, resulting in accurate polarization imaging over an instant field-of-view (FOV) that exceeds 2 cm2. This FOV is effectively demonstrated by the critical concept of seamless stitching, which confirms low error and is then applied to obtain even larger effective FOVs with industrial utility. Linear combinations of image irradiances, known as polarization features, are related to physical material properties, for instance, crystal orientation, through the combination of Mueller matrix polarimeter design and classical electrodynamics. While CrystalView is applicable to any reflective or transmissive material that exhibits PLM contrast, in this article it is demonstrated for orientation imaging of hexagonal and cubic metal polycrystals, titanium and stainless-steel alloys respectively, the latter printed by laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) and reliant, for texture imaging, on chemical etching that can also reveal phase structure.
Thinking Outside the Box in Making Cryo-EM More Accessible for Everyone
Authors: Berensmann Heather Rose , Humphreys Theo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The iterative nature of grid screening for single-particle analysis often requires a microscope that efficiently bridges the gap between sample preparation and high-resolution data collection. However, such a system is often specialized solely for cryogenic applications and may present substantial financial barriers. Enhancing the versatility of a thermionic TEM to support both room-temperature and cryogenic-temperature applications can provide more laboratories with greater accessibility to cryo-electron microscopy equipment. Through the experimental evaluations of Hitachi’s innovative retractable cold finger design, coupled with Simple Origin’s transfer holder and SerialEM, Hitachi’s HT7800 TEM was shown to be an effective screening tool in multiple environments.
Holistic Tri-Service Military Pathology: A Proposed Paradigm for Consolidation
Authors: Smith Nathaniel E , O’Connell William , Johnson Rebecca , Leonard George 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Historically, military anatomic pathology (AP) services have been significantly compartmentalized, with each branch independently executing its laboratory support mission. The result is redundant and costly duplication of nearly identical services in close geographic proximity. The duplication of AP services disperses the overall caseload, resulting in pathologist diagnostic acumen atrophy, excessive support personnel requirements, inadequate utilization of subspecialty expertise, and overall lower-quality patient care. Unlike many medical specialties, implementing AP services does not require direct patient interaction and is principally not as time-sensitive as other clinical laboratory testing. The practice of AP is conducive to a more consolidatory paradigm to achieve economies of scale. Pathology service unification would also afford the stationing of predominantly subspecialists at tertiary care centers to handle higher caseloads. Larger groups of pathologists increase patient safety enhancing peer-to-peer and subspeciality quality assurance processes during case review. Conversely, the nature of clinical pathology services requires a more widespread presence—even at the smaller, auxiliary clinics throughout the military health system. Clinical pathology services would also benefit from additional triservice cooperation including standardization of quality management processes, increased resource sharing, exchange, and cooperative contingency planning. Laboratory directorships also benefit from consolidating expertise, where pathologists could be physically located at a central site with remote oversight of laboratory services. Here, we propose a holistic triservice consolidation plan for military pathology to optimize resource utilization and ultimately realize the overarching strategic plan for military medicine set forth by the Defense Health Agency.
The Romantic-Virtuosic Sentence in Liszt’s B Minor Sonata, or, Positive Feedback as Formal Accelerator
Authors: Smith Kenneth 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
The classical sentence (Schoenberg’s ‘Satz’), or ‘Bar form’ (Alfred Lorenz), have long been discussed in music theoretic terms. Existing studies of the sentence in Romantic music have focused on the music of Wagner or Liszt’s symphonic poems, but study of Liszt’s pianism is perhaps even more revealing because it allows us to consider the sentence in energetic terms as a formal accelerator, a coefficient of Liszt’s virtuosity. To appreciate the extent of the sentence’s dramatic energy, this article borrows from the meta-discipline of cybernetics, which concerns systems of control and communication through feedback loops. Feedback loops, particularly the ‘positive feedback’ that leads to a system’s collapse, speaks to the dialectic between virtuosity and form. Exploring Liszt’s B minor Sonata, I examine sentences which, under Liszt’s control, become forces of ‘positive feedback’, constantly breaking the phrase structures apart under their own weight.
Antagonistic roles by the conserved nuclear poly(A)-binding proteins PABPN1 and ZC3H14 in nuclear RNA surveillance
Authors: Latour Mélodie , Kwiatek Lauren , Landry-Voyer Anne-Marie , Bachand François 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Most eukaryotic genomes are transcribed pervasively, thereby producing an array of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in addition to protein-coding mRNAs. A large fraction of these lncRNAs is targeted by polyadenylation-dependent decay via the poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) and the RNA exosome. Yet, how PABPN1 contributes to nuclear RNA surveillance by facilitating lncRNA turnover by the RNA exosome remains largely unclear. Here, we show that PABPN1 is important for the nuclear retention of polyadenylated lncRNAs, such that PABPN1 loss of function allows target lncRNAs to evade nuclear decay, leading to cytoplasmic accumulation. Interestingly, we found that another nuclear PABP, ZC3H14, functions antagonistically to PABPN1 and the poly(A)-tail exosome targeting (PAXT) connection in the control of nuclear lncRNA turnover. Collectively, our findings disclose the critical interplay between two conserved nuclear PABPs, PABPN1 and ZC3H14, in RNA surveillance via the control of nuclear RNA export.
Nuclear NAD+ Synthase NMNAT1 Contributes to Nuclear Atypia and Promotes Glioma Growth
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Zhu Yi , Canic Tijana , Diaz-Perez Zoraida , Gultekin Sakir Humayun , Zhai R Grace 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Glioma is a malignant primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and short survival. NAD+ is critical for cancer growth, however, clinical trials targeting NAD+ biosynthesis had limited success, indicating the need for mechanistic characterization. Nuclear atypia, aberrations in the size and shape of the nucleus, is widely observed in cancer and is often considered a distinctive feature in diagnosis, however, the molecular underpinnings are unclear.

Methods
We carried out high-resolution immunohistochemical analyses on glioma tissue samples from 19 patients to analyze the expression of NAD+ synthase nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT1), and its correlation with nuclear atypia in gliomas. Utilizing a Drosophila model of glial neoplasia, we investigated the genetic role of nuclear NMNAT in glioma growth in vivo, elucidating the cellular mechanisms of NMNAT1 in promoting nuclear atypia and glioma growth.

Results
In low-grade glioma and GBM, higher transcription level of NMNAT1 is correlated with poorer disease-free survival. Samples of high-grade gliomas contained a higher percentage of glial cells enriched with NMNAT1 protein. We identified a specific correlation between nuclear NMNAT1 protein level with nuclear atypia. Mechanistic studies in human glioma cell lines and in vivo Drosophila model suggest that NMNAT1 disrupts the integrity of the nuclear lamina by altering the distribution of lamin A/C, and promotes glioma growth.

Conclusions
Our study uncovers a novel functional connection between the NAD+ metabolic pathway and glioma growth, reveals the contribution of the NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme NMNAT1 to nuclear atypia, and underscores the role of nuclear NMNAT1 in exacerbating glioma pathology.
Refugee Resettlement: A Durable Solution at a Crossroads
Authors: Fee Molly , Darrow Jessica , Howsam Scholl Jess , Cureton Ashley , Gonzalez Benson Odessa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The future of refugee resettlement stands at a crossroads. This Special Issue brings together an interdisciplinary and international group of scholars to tackle questions and dilemmas central to the durable solution of third country resettlement. The original articles in this Special Issue engage with the policy and practice of resettlement, taking stock of traditional approaches and future possibilities. Drawing on the experiences and voices of arriving refugees, service providers, and civil society partners, these papers examine key developments in the resettlement landscape over the past ten years. Each article takes on a distinct issue or problem, from racialization and incorporation to private sponsorship and notions of success, and is set against the backdrop of critical socio-political shifts to refugee admissions over the last decade. As a cohesive compilation, this Special Issue addresses entrenched problems and creative solutions in both the policy and practice of refugee resettlement.
Effects of a botanical feed additive blend of capsicum oleoresin, clove and garlic essential oils on growth performance and fecal dry matter in nursery pigs
Authors: Kim Ty H , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Gebhardt Jordan T , Knauer Mark T , van de Ligt Christiaan P A , Wall Emma H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a botanical-derived feed additive containing capsicum oleoresin, clove and garlic essential oils (CCG; Fytera Start, Selko, Indianapolis, IN) in nursery pigs fed with or without pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu. In Exp. 1, 756 pigs (Duroc × Landrace/Large White composite (Smithfield Premium Genetics), initially 7.8 ± 0.09 kg) were used in a 40-d study to determine the effects of CCG level on growth performance of nursery pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu. In Exp. 2, 340 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 6.1 ± 0.08 kg) were used in 38-d study to determine the effect of CCG in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu on growth performance and fecal dry matter (DM). For both experiments, pigs were randomly allotted to pens which were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. There were 9 pigs per pen and 21 pens per treatment in Exp. 1 and 5 pigs per pen and 17 pens per treatment in Exp. 2. Dietary treatments in Exp. 1 were corn-soybean meal based with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu and included either 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg of CCG. Dietary treatments in Exp. 2 were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of CCG (none or 100 mg/kg) and nutritional or pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu. All Exp. 2 diets contained 110 mg/kg of Zn and 16.5 mg/kg of Cu from the trace mineral premix. For both experiments, pharmacological levels of Zn were added at 3,000 and 2,000 mg/kg in phase 1 and 2, respectively and Cu was added at 250 mg/kg in all phases. For Exp. 1, overall average daily gain (ADG) increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to increase (linear, P &lt; 0.10) as CCG increased from 0 to 100 mg/kg. For Exp. 2, there was a CCG × Zn/Cu interaction observed for overall ADG and ADFI (P &lt; 0.05) where CCG numerically increased ADG and ADFI in pigs fed nutritional levels of Zn and Cu; but reduced ADG and ADFI in pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu. There was a Zn/Cu × day interaction (P = 0.001) for fecal DM, in which there was no difference (P &gt; 0.10) in fecal DM on d 10, but pigs fed pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu had lower (P &lt; 0.001) fecal DM on d 21 compared to pigs fed nutritional levels of Zn and Cu. In summary, when included in diets with pharmacological levels of Zn and Cu, feeding increasing levels of CCG increased ADG in Exp. 1 but did not improve performance in Exp 2.
Measuring Well-Being Influencers: Development and Validation of the WISH Inventory
Authors: Higgins K. Elliott , Wingert Theodora , Duggan Elizabeth W. , Mansolf Maxwell , Hernandez Carcamo Jose , Park Christine 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Improving healthcare professional well-being and reducing burnout requires improving work ecosystems and cultures. Current well-being metrics focus on distal outcomes within individuals (e.g., professional fulfillment or burnout). In this study, we developed and evaluated the performance of an inventory measuring perceptions of modifiable workplace dimensions—termed influencers—that shape healthcare professionals' well-being.

Methods:
A core team developed the Well-Being Influencers Survey for Healthcare (WISH), an inventory designed to measure these systemic, occupational well-being influencers (e.g., leadership support, psychological safety, working conditions). Following content validation and refinement, 223 healthcare professionals from an academic department of anesthesiology completed WISH alongside established well-being measures, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Professional Fulfillment Index (PFI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), PROMIS short forms for meaning, purpose, and life satisfaction, as well as standard items of affective commitment (AC, a measure of engagement) and a standard item assessing intention to leave (ITL). Factor analysis was used to assess WISH’s internal structure, while correlation and regression analyses assessed its criterion-related validity using the above established measures.

Results:
WISH showed expected relationships with established well-being measures, and outperformed established metrics in predicting AC and ITL after adjusting for those measures and/or covariates. Factor analysis indicated that most WISH variance reflects a single common factor, supporting the use of an instrument-level score. Unique variance at the influencer level highlights the added value of examining influencer scores.

Conclusions:
WISH fills a key gap in healthcare professional well-being improvement science by assessing causal factors of well-being and burnout, rather than the conditions themselves. Here, we established initial validity of this unique inventory and further reinforce the relevance of system-level and cultural factors in influencing healthcare professionals’ well-being. WISH is well suited to assist healthcare professional well-being improvement efforts driven by system-improvement mindsets.
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Medications Alter Outcomes of Spine Surgery
Authors: Wiener Joshua M. , Sanghvi Parshva A. , Vlastaris Katelyn , Mroz Thomas , Belding Jonathan , Kaelber David C. , Olson Thomas , Francis Kevin P. , Adams John S. , Bernthal Nicholas , Sheppard William L. 
Published: February 2025

Study Design.
retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To investigate the relationship between perioperative Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and postoperative outcomes after spinal fusion in obese and diabetic patient populations.

Summary of Background Data.
GLP-1 RAs have been shown to be beneficial when used perioperatively in clinical orthopaedic arthroplasty literature. Minimal evidence exists showing efficacy with respect to spinal fusion.

Materials and Methods.
This retrospective, multi-center study accessed the TriNetX platform, using the research database to identify diabetic patients who underwent spinal fusion between 2008 and 2022. Cohorts were created based on Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and GLP-1 RA usage. Propensity score matching was employed to create balanced cohorts utilizing BMI, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), surgical intervention, as well as other demographic characteristics. Orthopedic outcomes were compared between GLP-1 RA users and non-users. The primary outcomes included post-operative infection, readmission, revision surgery, and quality of life metrics.

Results.
After matching, the study cohort consisted of 2,263 patients, with 1,560 classified as obese. GLP-1 RA use was associated with significantly reduced post-operative infection rates (obese: HR=0.168 (0.086, 0.328), not obese: HR=0.250 (0.102, 0.612)), fewer revisions (obese: HR=0.505 (0.368, 0.693), not obese: HR=0.439 (0.272, 0.708)), decreased postoperative readmission rates (obese: HR=0.283 (0.243, 0.329), not obese: HR=0.241 (0.193, 0.301)), and reduced mobility abnormalities (obese: HR=0.355 (0.230, 0.549), not obese: HR=0.508 (0.269, 0.959)). No significant differences were observed in rates of fracture rates between GLP-1 RA users and non-users.

Conclusions.
GLP-1 RA use in spinal fusion patients was associated with improved post-operative outcomes, including lower infection rates, fewer revisions, and better quality of life metrics. These findings suggest that GLP-1 RAs may be a valuable adjunctive therapy in managing surgical outcomes in diabetic and obese patients undergoing spinal fusion. Further prospective and animal-based studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.
Panax notoginseng polysaccharides: A review focusing on the extraction, isolation, structural characterization, biological activities and applications
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Zhao Yuheng , Wang Mengyao , Tian Xiaojin , Cui Dianxin , Wang Qilong , Li Xue , Wu Honghua , Yang Wenzhi 
Published: February 2025

Panax notoginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine containing various constituents, including the saponins, polysaccharides, polyacetylenes, and amino acids, etc. It has beneficial functions, such as the anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and anti-aging effects. Among these, P. notoginseng polysaccharides (PNPs) have been exploited because of their extensive pharmacological effects, being ranked as one of the current research hotspots, especially for the functional foods and medical practice. In this review, the literature related to PNPs in the past 20 years was surveyed and analyzed using both the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases. The visualization diagram shows that current studies on PNPs mainly focus on the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, and structural characterization. In addition, the extraction, separation, purification, chemical analysis, structural characteristics, bioactivities, and applications of PNPs are outlined, in detail, aimed to provide valuable information for the further study, development, and utilization regarding PNPs.
Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A151.
Pathogenesis of Ectopic Inner Foveal Layers (EIFL) and Its Impact on Visual Recovery after Epiretinal Membrane Peeling
Authors: Mafi Mostafa , Govetto Andrea , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Prasad Pradeep , Bousquet Elodie , Voichanski Shilo , Feo Alessandro , Sarraf David 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
To determine the pathoanatomical alteration of ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) and its relationship to visual recovery after epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling surgery.

Methods:
Clinical charts and tracked spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of patients diagnosed with stage 3 and 4 ERM were reviewed and analyzed preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Central macular thickness (CMT) and EIFL thickness were measured at these time points. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for analysis and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The study cohort consisted of 54 eyes of 54 patients, 27 of whom were female. The mean age was 69.2 years. The mean Snellen VA improved from 20/50 preoperatively to 20/35 at 3 months (P<0.001) and remained 20/35 at 6 months, significantly better than preoperative levels (P=0.002). The mean preoperative EIFL thickness was 169.15 µm and decreased to 95.70 µm at 3 months (P = 0.001) and 90.95 µm at 6 months (P = 0.02). Similarly, CMT reduced from 510.00 µm preoperatively to 444.56 µm at 3 months (P < 0.001) and 415.50 µm at 6 months (P < 0.001). Reduction in EIFL thickness was significantly correlated with improvement in log-MAR VA (P =0.02) 6 months after surgery.

Conclusion:
ERM peeling results in reduced EIFL thickness, restoration of the normal foveal pit structure, and a corresponding improvement in visual acuity. Reduction in EIFL thickness is correlated with visual improvement.
Evaluating Short-Course Antibiotic Therapy for Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bolormaa Erdenetuya , Kang Cho Ryok , Choe Young June , Yoo Young , Lee Jue Seong , Park Ji Young , Choe Seung Ah , Tansarli Giannoula S. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: February 2025

Background:
The optimal duration of antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether short-course antibiotic therapy (≤6 days) is associated with poor clinical outcomes compared with long-course antibiotic therapy (>7 days) in children with CAP.

Methods:
A comprehensive search was conducted across databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and KoreaMed. Studies comparing the efficacy and safety of short-course with long-course antibiotic regimens in children with CAP were eligible. We assessed the risk of bias using the RoB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Study characteristics such as publication year, country, setting, study design and antibiotic regimens were recorded. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for clinical outcomes, including clinical cure, treatment failure, total adverse events, serious adverse events, relapse and hospitalization. The primary outcomes were clinical cure and treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included total and serious adverse events, relapse and hospitalization rates.

Results:
Seventeen studies comprising 155,944 children met the inclusion criteria, with 15 of these studies being randomized controlled trials. There were no significant differences between short-course and long-course treatments in clinical cure [21,156 patients; RR, 1.01 (95% CI, 0.97–1.05); P = 0.73; I² = 81%], treatment failure [28,942 patients; RR, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.51–1.51); P = 0.64; I²= 94%] or total adverse events [24,446 children; RR, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.61–1.44); P = 0.77; I² = 90%]. However, short-course treatment was associated with fewer serious adverse events [4194 patients; RR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79–0.99); P = 0.04; I² = 11%]. Relapse rates were nominally lower with short-course treatment compared with long-course treatments (5.5% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.04). This difference was primarily observed in the subgroup analysis comparing 5-day treatments to ≥10-day treatments. Hospitalization rates were similar between the two groups [122,607 patients; RR, 1.20 (95% CI, 0.85–1.68); P = 0.29; I² = 0%].

Conclusions:
Short-course antibiotic treatment is as effective as long-course treatment for pediatric CAP in terms of clinical cure and treatment failure while resulting in fewer serious adverse events.