bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency, bone mineral density and weight in patients with advanced pulmonary disease
Authors: Førli L. , Halse J. , Haug E. , Bjørtuft Ø. , Vatn M. , Kofstad J. , Boe J. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract.Objective.  To study the influence of underweight, body composition and vitamin D deficiency on bone mineral density in patients with advanced pulmonary disease.Design.  Cross‐sectional study with time span for inclusion set at 5 years.Setting.  The clinical work and biochemical analyses were carried out at Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Norway. Analyses for vitamin D metabolites and bone markers were carried out at Aker University Hospital, and bone measurements at Clinic of Osteoporosis.Subjects.  Seventy‐one candidates for lung transplantation (63% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 42 underweight and 29 normal weight) were included.Main outcome measures.  Body composition, bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femur neck, serum concentration of calcidiol and vitamin D intake.Results.  Subnormal calcidiol levels were present in 52% of the underweight patients and 69% of the normal‐weight patients. The resulting models of linear regression showed that for the lumbar spine T scores model, the total variation of 16.7% was explained by group (underweight/normal weight), sex and age. For the femur neck T scores model, the total variation of 20.4% was explained by the interaction of underweight and vitamin D deficiency (with borderline significance) and by arm muscle circumference percentage of standard. In patients with normal calcidiol levels, the median intake of vitamin D was 17 μg in the underweight patients and 11 μg in the normal‐weight patients.Conclusions.  Vitamin D deficiency was common in both underweight and normal‐weight patients, but only in the underweight patients, an association between vitamin D deficiency and reduced femur neck T scores was indicated.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in the elderly: a comparison of creatinine‐based formulae with serum cystatin C
Authors: Wasén E. , Isoaho R. , Mattila K. , Vahlberg T. , Kivelä S.‐L. , Irjala K. 
Published: June 2004

Abstract.Objectives.  To estimate the prevalence of decreased kidney function in an elderly population and to evaluate the impact of using alternative markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), focusing on serum cystatin C (Cys C) and the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study prediction equation.Design and methods. In a cross‐sectional community‐based survey renal function was assessed by serum creatinine (SCreat), Cys C and GFR predicted by the Cockcroft‐Gault (CG) and the MDRD Study formulae. Associations with age, gender and proteinuria were analysed by linear models.Subjects.  A total of 1246 elderly residents in Lieto, Finland, 64–100 years of age.Results.  The prevalence of moderately or severely decreased renal function, estimated by the MDRD Study equation, was 35.7%; the CG formula yielded 58.6%. The profile of Cys C performance, including variation across age groups and level of health status, showed greater similarity to GFR estimated using the MDRD Study equation than to SCreat alone, or GFR estimated using the CG formula. Discordance between high Cys C levels and only mildly decreased GFR estimates was observed in subjects with functional limitations. Microalbuminuria was associated with Cys C levels only (P =0.047).Conclusion.  Prevalence estimates of decreased renal function amongst the elderly vary considerably depending on prediction formula used. Variation in creatinine metabolism amongst elderly comorbid patients and the critical dependence on the SCreat assay and exact calibration, make the use of creatinine‐based formulae to predict GFR questionable in geriatric clinical practice. In this setting, Cys C is a promising alternative.
Ageing and the Diurnal Expression of the mRNAs for Vasopressin and for the V1a and V1b Vasopressin Receptors in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Male Rats
Authors: Kalamatianos T. , Kalló I. , Coen C. W. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractChanges in the function of neuropeptide synthesizing cells within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of the predominant circadian pacemaker, may underlie the disturbance of rhythms observed during ageing. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesized by nearly one‐third of SCN neurones in the rat. This peptide has predominantly excitatory actions within the SCN mediated by V1‐type receptors; the extent to which the V1a and/or V1b receptor subtypes are involved in SCN functions remains to be determined. The present study used isotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry to examine the effects of ageing on expression of mRNAs for AVP and V1a in the SCN and for V1b in the SCN and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of male rats kept under a 12 : 12 h light/dark cycle. Analysis of film autoradiographs from young adult (2–3‐month‐old; n = 40) or aged (19–20‐month‐old; n = 40) animals, at eight time points across the light/dark cycle, revealed an equivalent pattern and amplitude for the diurnal rhythm of AVP mRNA in the SCN of the young adult and aged groups. Both groups also displayed a significant diurnal rhythm in the expression of V1a receptor mRNA; however, the amplitude of this rhythm was reduced in the aged group, due to increased levels during the light phase and early part of night. Although the expression of V1b mRNA did not display a significant diurnal rhythm within the SCN or SON, persistently elevated levels for V1b mRNA were observed in the aged group at both sites.
Depletion of Oestrogen Receptor‐β Expression in Magnocellular Arginine Vasopressin Neurones by Hypovolaemia and Dehydration
Authors: Somponpun S. J. , Sladek C. D. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractOestrogen receptor (ER)‐β expression correlates inversely with osmotic control of arginine vasopressin (AVP) release such that cellular dehydration induced by 72 h of 2% saline consumption depletes ER‐β in the magnocellular AVP neurones in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). The current studies were performed to determine whether other pathways that stimulate AVP release, such as hypovolaemia, also regulate ER‐β expression in these nuclei, and to evaluate the time course of the change in ER‐β expression during water deprivation and subsequent rehydration. ER‐β expression was evaluated immunocytochemically. In rats made hypovolaemic with a subcutaneous injection of 40% polyethylene glycol (PEG), a significant depletion of ER‐β in both SON and magnocellular PVN (P ≤ 0.001) was evident 8 h post PEG injection. ER‐β was also significantly depleted following 20 h and 26 h of water deprivation in SON (P = 0.003) and magnocellular PVN (P < 0.001). Six hours of rehydration in rats that had been water deprived for 26 h induced recovery of expression that was statistically significant, although not complete (P ≤ 0.015 in PVN). Thus, for the first time, the present studies demonstrate that haemodynamic in addition to osmotic influences are capable of regulating ER‐β expression in the magnocellular system, and that the combination of these factors induced by a physiological manipulation (e.g. 20 h of water deprivation) can eliminate ER‐β expression. Because ER‐β has been shown to mediate inhibition of AVP secretion in explants of the hypothalamic‐neurohypophyseal system, these data suggest that down‐regulation of ER‐β may contribute to stimulated AVP release during hypovolaemic states such as fluid deprivation and haemorrhage.
Primary hereditary ichthyoses in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al‐Zayir Ahmad A. , Al‐Amro Alakloby Omar M. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Of 10,455 new dermatology patients seen at the Dermatology Clinic of King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between January 1990 and December 1995, the epidemiologic and demographic features of 71 patients, each with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of one specific type of primary hereditary ichthyosis (PHI), have been reviewed.Objective  To study and document the epidemiologic and demographic profiles of patients with PHI in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.Methods  From the outpatient department dermatology logbooks, 71 patients with PHI, from 10,455 new cases with different dermatologic problems seen during the 5‐year period, were included in this study. Using specially designed protocol forms, epidemiologic and demographic data were extracted from the medical records of the patients, entered into a computer, and analyzed using the SPSS program.Results  Seventy‐one patients with PHI, 44 males and 27 females (ratio, 1.63 : 1), were seen at our Dermatology Clinic between January 1990 and December 1995. The occurrence rate of PHI in our clinic is 0.67%, i.e. approximately 7 per 1000 new cases. The clinical pattern of PHI was as follows: 31 patients (44.7%) with ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), 12 (16.9%) with X‐linked recessive ichthyosis (XLRI), four (5.6%) with lamellar ichthyosis (LI), three (4.2%) with bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (BIE), and 21 (29.6%) with nonbullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBIE). IV was most common, followed by NBIE. Parental consanguinity was high (approximately 85%), and the family history was positive in 53 of the 71 cases (75%).Conclusions  This preliminary study has attempted to document the epidemiologic patterns of PHI patients in Saudi Arabia and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of its kind in this country. We found a high rate of parental consanguinity, a high percentage of patients with a positive family history, and many siblings affected by the severest forms of PHI, namely NBIE, BIE, and LI, which accounted for 39.4% of all cases of PHI.
Linear IgA dermatosis with IgA and IgG autoantibodies to the 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180): evidence for a distinct subtype
Authors: Metz Brandie J. , Ruggeri Sun Young , Hsu Sylvia , Reed Jon A. , Ghohestani Ali S. , Uitto Jouni , Ghohestani Reza F. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Autoantibodies in linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) disease (LAD) are reported to be of IgA class and directed against a 97–120 kDa epidermal antigen.Methods  We report a 39‐year‐old woman with clinical features of LAD and with circulating IgA and IgG autoantibodies to the 180 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP180).Results  Histopathology of lesional skin revealed a subepidermal blister with mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin showed linear deposits of IgA along the dermal–epidermal junction. The antigen specificity of the patient's circulating antibodies was determined by Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) using various antigen sources, including cultured human keratinocytes, dermal protein lysates, and purified laminin‐5, as well as proteins corresponding to BP180, the 230 kDa bullous pemphigoid antigen (BP230), laminin‐5 subunits, and collagen IV α1–α6 chains. IgA and IgG antibodies in the patient's serum were directed against BP180, and no IgA or IgG reactivity was found against the other skin antigens.Conclusions  These data provide evidence for the presence of a subtype of LAD with dual IgA and IgG autoimmune response to BP180.
Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: report of a case with a review of the literature
Authors: Nanda Soni , Rajpal Monika , Reddy Belum S. N. 
Published: May 2004

AbstractA sporadic case of cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome occurring in an 18‐year‐old girl is reported, with a brief review of pertinent literature, for its rarity and clinical interest. She had a characteristic cranio‐facial appearance, a wide range of ectodermal defects, dystrophic nails and teeth, palmo‐plantar keratoderma, typical short, coarse, unruly hair, pulmonic stenosis and mild mental retardation. She had no history of consanguinity and genetic studies did not reveal any abnormality.
Residual skin cancer after preoperative biopsy: evaluation by Mohs micrographic surgery
Authors: Alcalay Joseph , Alkalay Ronen , Hazaz Bilha 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Some patients are referred for Mohs surgery with no or minimal clinical evidence of skin cancer at the biopsy site.Objective  To determine the incidence of residual skin cancer at biopsy sites during Mohs micrographic surgery.Methods  We evaluated all patients that underwent Mohs surgery for basal cell and squamous cell carcinomata in one year. The study was carried out prospectively. Debulking was done using a no. 15 blade at the clinical borders of the tumor or biopsy site. All specimens were sectioned at the middle and cut to the periphery at 20‐µm intervals.Results  Seven hundred and forty‐one patients underwent operations. In 390 patients, a biopsy was performed prior to surgery. A total of 351 patients were biopsied as prestaged (chemocheck) during surgery. Ninety‐nine (25%) of the preoperatively biopsied patients showed no residual tumor in the debulking specimen or the first layer. Of these 99 patients, 84 had basal cell carcinoma and 15 had superficial or in situ squamous carcinoma.Conclusions  In this study, preoperative biopsy for diagnosis of skin cancer of the face was curative in 25% of patients, despite pathologic diagnosis of incompletely excised tumor. However, as the majority of preoperatively biopsied patients showed residual tumor, Mohs micrographic surgery is indicated in all patients with incomplete removal of skin cancer of the head and neck.
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community‐acquired pyoderma
Authors: Umashankar Nagaraju , Bhat Gopalkrishna , Kuruvila Maria , Ganesh S. Pai , Jayalakshmi  , Ravindra P. Babu 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground  Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important nosocomial pathogen. It can also cause community‐acquired infections. Indian reports about MRSA in community‐acquired infections are rare.Aim  To evaluate the rate of MRSA in community‐acquired pyoderma and the nasal colonisation with S. aureus in such patients.Methods  Two hundred and fifty patients with community‐acquired pyoderma, who attended outreach camps around Mangalore, south India between January 2000 and July 2001, were studied. Swabs collected from the skin lesions and anterior nares were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey's agar. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was performed using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion, agar dilution, and agar screen.Results  Of 250 pyoderma cases, S. aureus was isolated from 202 (80.8%) patients. Twenty‐two (10.9%) S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant, 179 (88.6%) were resistant to penicillin, and 114 (56.4%) were resistant to erythromycin. S. aureus colonization in the anterior nares was observed in 136 (54.4%) cases, 11.8% of which were MRSA. Antibiograms of clinical isolates of S. aureus matched with nasal isolates in 99 (49%) cases.Conclusion  The emergence of MRSA in the community is a warning. A high nasal carriage rate may contribute to recurrent pyoderma. A correct antimicrobial policy and the avoidance of inappropriate antimicrobial usage are mandatory to reduce the spread of MRSA in the community.
Extensive inflammatory nevus comedonicus involving half of the body
Authors: Kirtak Necmettin , Inaloz H. Serhat , Karakok Metin , Erguven H. Gulcin , Ozgoztasi Orhan 
Published: May 2004

Nevus comedonicus is an uncommon variant of adnexal hamartoma without known cause. It usually occurs on the face, neck and chest and appears as groups of closely arranged dilated follicular openings with keratin plugs. We report extensive inflammatory nevus comedonicus in a 14‐year‐old boy involving half of his body, limited by the midline, with suppuration and residual scarring. The lesions first appeared at 3 years of age and worsened at the start of puberty. The clinical features, etiopathology, histopathology and treatment options of nevus comedonicus are briefly reviewed in the light of the literature.
Immunohistochemical study of serotonin in lesions of psoriasis
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Li Guiming , Xiang Jihu , Yin Daochun , Chi Ridong 
Published: May 2004

AbstractObjective  To study the role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods  Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of serotonin in the lesions of patients with psoriasis.Results  Expression of serotonin was significantly stronger in the prickle cells, sweat gland cells, sebaceous gland cells, and hair roots of the lesions in the progressive stage of psoriasis than in the static stage. There was no difference in serotonin expression between the vulgaris type and the pustular type. No expression of serotonin occurred in the specimens of normal skin.Conclusion  Serotonin probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis and activity of psoriasis.
Potential for protein deposition and threonine requirement of modern genotype barrows fed graded levels of protein with threonine as the limiting amino acid
Authors: Thong H. T. , Liebert F. 
Published: May 2004

SummaryThe study was conducted to estimate the actual genetic potential for daily protein deposition of growing barrows [genotype: Piétrain × (Duroc × Landrace)]. Twenty‐four pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 43.7 ± 0.7 kg were used in a N‐balance study. Semi‐purified diets with graded levels of crude protein (45.8, 94.2, 148.0, 198.9, 255.5 and 300.2 g/kg DM) were used, based on a constant mixture of wheat, soya bean protein concentrate and potato protein concentrate as protein sources. The amino acid pattern of the diets was according to the ideal amino acid ratio for growing pigs (Wang and Fuller, 1989), with the exception of threonine (adjusted as limiting amino acid).N‐balance data were used to estimate daily N‐maintenance requirement (NMR = 446 mg N/BW/day) by regression method and the theoretical maximum of daily N‐retention (PDmaxT = 3115 mg N/BW/day) based on N‐utilization model of Gebhardt (1966) using program Mathematica 3.0. The results indicate that PDmaxT of pigs under study is much higher than results from earlier studies with older genotypes. In summary, pigs of modern genotype have a very high genetic potential for daily protein deposition and these actual data are important basic informations for estimation of amino acid requirement within the model used. Threonine requirement data depending on threonine efficieny and protein deposition (8.96, 10.45 and 12.22 g/day for 130, 145 and 160 g daily protein deposition; 50 kg body weight) are discussed.
Requirement of true ileal digestible threonine of growing and finishing pigs
Authors: Ettle T. , Roth‐Maier D. A. , Bartelt J. , Roth F. X. 
Published: May 2004

SummaryNinety‐six crossbred barrows and gilts were used to investigate the optimum supply of true ileal digestible threonine for growing (approximately 35–65 kg body weight) and finishing (approximately 65–110 kg body weight) pigs. For this purpose, according to a bifactorial arrangement in the grower as well as in the finisher phase four dietary threonine levels were combined with two dietary levels of lysine. Measurement criteria were body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate and carcass characteristics. In the grower stage at the lower lysine level daily gain increased numerically (p < 0.1) and the feed to gain ratio decreased significantly with an increasing dietary true ileal digestible threonine concentration. Increasing the true ileal digestible lysine concentration of the diet from 7.8 to 9.2 g/kg increased average daily gain in the grower stage significantly from 815 to 855 g and decreased the feed to gain ratio significantly. In finishing pigs, daily gain and feed to gain ratio were significantly improved by an increasing dietary true ileal digestible threonine concentration from 821 to 902 g and from 3.14 to 2.94 kg/kg, respectively, but not by the differing lysine supply. As in the grower stage, barrows consumed more feed than gilts at similar growth rates and this resulted in a significantly reduced feed to gain ratio in gilts compared with barrows.The requirements of true ileal digestible threonine for optimize both, daily gain and feed to gain ratio, as derived by the broken‐line model were 10.3 g/animal and day for growing and 10.7 g/animal and day for finishing pigs respectively.
Changes in plasma non‐esterified fatty acids, glucose and α‐amino nitrogen and their relationship with body weight and plasma growth hormone in growing buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Mondal M. , Prakash B. S. 
Published: May 2004

SummaryA study was undertaken to investigate the changes of plasma non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose and α‐amino nitrogen and their relationship with age, body weight (BW) and plasma growth hormone (GH) in growing buffaloes. For the purpose, six growing female Murrah buffalo calves of 6–8 months of age were selected on the basis of their BW and fed according to Kearl standard (Nutrient Requirements of Ruminants in Developing Countries, International Feedstuffs Institute, Utah State University, Utah, USA, 1982, p. 89) for growing buffaloes (target growth rate 500 g/day) to meet energy and protein requirement of the animals. Blood samples collected at fortnight intervals for 1 year were analysed for plasma NEFA, glucose, α‐amino nitrogen and GH. The animals were also weighed at fortnight intervals. Plasma NEFA and glucose levels were found to decrease (p < 0.01) with age. Unlike plasma NEFA and glucose, plasma α‐amino nitrogen level increased (p < 0.01) as the buffaloes become older. Plasma NEFA and glucose concentrations in growing buffaloes were found to be positively correlated with plasma GH (r = 0.379 and 0.420 respectively), but these were non‐significant (p > 0.01). However, plasma NEFA and glucose showed a good correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.780 and 0.652 respectively) with plasma GH per 100 kg live weight. Plasma α‐amino nitrogen exhibited non‐significant (p > 0.01) negative correlation (r = −0.295) with plasma GH but a negative correlation (p < 0.01; r = −0.641) with GH per 100 kg BW. So, plasma metabolites showed a definite pattern of change during growth and these have a significant (p < 0.01) correlation with plasma GH per 100 kg BW than GH.
Effect of exercise on the mobilization of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma of sled dogs
Authors: Raila J. , Stohrer M. , Forterre S. , Stangassinger M. , Schweigert F. J. 
Published: May 2004

SummaryFasting dogs do transport vitamin A (VA) in plasma not only as retinol but predominantly as retinyl esters. Contrary to retinol, nothing is known concerning the effects of athletic performance on plasma retinyl ester concentrations. The aim of this study was therefore to examine whether physical stress because of exercise and modification of the oxidative stress by supplementation ofα‐tocopherol influences the concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma of sled dogs. The study was carried out on 41 trained adult sled dogs, which were randomly assigned into two groups. One group (19 dogs) was daily substituted with 50 mgdl‐α‐tocopheryl acetate per kilogram body weight and the control group (22 dogs) was maintained on a basal diet during 3 months prior to exercise. The plasma concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters,α‐tocopherol and triglycerides were measured immediately before, directly after and 24 h after exercise. The supplementation ofα‐tocopheryl acetate had no effect on plasma retinol and retinyl ester concentrations at any measurement time point. However, retinyl ester levels doubled in the non‐supplemented group immediately after the race (p < 0.001), whereas in the supplemented group similar high levels were observed not until 24 h post‐racing (p < 0.001). The high levels of retinyl esters were paralleled to some extent by an increase in plasma triglyceride concentrations, which were significantly higher 24 h post‐racing than immediately before (p < 0.001) and after exercise (p < 0.001) in both groups. The increase in retinyl ester concentrations might be indicative of their mobilization from liver and adipose tissue. Whether plasma retinyl esters can be used as an indicator for the extent of nutrient mobilization during and post‐exercise in sled dogs remains to be elucidated.