bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do private firms invest more in environmental protection under political control? Evidence from China
Authors: Guo Chu-Yu , Wen Jiandong , Hu Hui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
For the first time, this study investigates the environmental performance outcomes of integrating local political committees into private firms. Using a nationwide survey of Chinese private firms, we find that the involvement of local party committees significantly bolsters corporate environmental investment. This finding remains consistent across various samples, alternative measures of the dependent variable, and different estimation methodologies. Notably, the influence of local party committees on pro-environmental practices is more pronounced in firms with lower family ownership, in regions with weaker environmental regulations, and where the owner is also the Party secretary. This study reveals local party committees as key mediators between government and firms, enhancing corporate engagement in environmental initiatives. It advocates for policies promoting collaboration between government and private firms, particularly emphasizing the strategic placement of party committees in firms with specific ownership and leadership characteristics to maximize environmental investment.
Federalism, Decentral Governance, and Joint Decision-Making: Bad News for the Implementation of International Environmental Agreements?
Authors: Müller Gómez Johannes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
There is a lingering myth in the international compliance literature that domestic multilevel structures have a negative impact on the fulfilment of international commitments. This article argues that this literature has failed to understand multilevel structures as a multi-layered concept. Instead of viewing multilevel governance as a one-dimensional concept or a mere system of veto-players, I propose to study the effects of the individual components, i.e., federalism, decentral governance, and joint decision-making. I test the plausibility of this approach by analyzing the implementation of the Ramsar Wetlands Convention. My findings debunk the myth about the negative effects of multilevel structures on the implementation of international agreements. I show that states in which subnational decision-makers can act autonomously from the central level are better placed to produce implementation measures in the area of environmental conservation.
A Randomized Trial Assessing the Effect of Exercise on Residents’ Podcast Knowledge Acquisition and Retention
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , Cooney Robert , Haas Mary R.C. , King Andrew , Fung Cha-Chi , Riddell Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurposePodcasts are commonly used by residents as part of their learning, with many listening concomitantly with other activities (e.g., driving and exercise). The effects of exercise on learning are controversial, with some suggesting potential benefit and others suggesting impaired learning. This study examined whether exercise influences knowledge acquisition and retention among resident physicians listening to a podcast while exercising versus those with undistracted listening.MethodThis multicenter, randomized, crossover trial assessed emergency medicine residents across 5 U.S. institutions from September 2022 to January 2023. Residents were randomized to a group that listened to one 30-minute podcast while seated or a group that listened to a 30-minute podcast while engaging in 30 minutes of continuous aerobic exercise, with stratification by site and postgraduate year. Within 30 minutes of completing the podcast, they completed a 20-question multiple-choice test. They subsequently crossed over to the other intervention and listened to a different 30-minute podcast followed by another 20-question test. Each podcast focused on emergency medicine–relevant journal articles that had not been covered in journal club or curriculum at any sites. Residents also completed a 40-question delayed recall test with separate questions on both podcasts at 30 days.ResultsNinety-six residents were recruited for the study, with 95 (99.0%) completing the initial recall portion and 92 (97.0%) completing the delayed recall tests. No statistically significant differences were found between the exercise and seated cohorts on initial recall (74.4% vs 76.3%;d= −0.12; 95% CI, −0.33 to 0.08;P= .12) or delayed recall (52.3% vs 52.5%;d= −0.01; 95% CI, −0.22 to −0.19;P= .46).ConclusionsExercising while listening to podcasts did not appear to meaningfully affect knowledge acquisition or retention at 30 days when compared with listening while seated and undistracted.
Characterizing Negative Online Reviews of Spine Surgeons
Authors: Artz Nicolas , Dalton Jonathan , Ramanathan Rahul , Lin Ryan T. , Sadhwani Shaan , Como Christopher J. , Oyekan Anthony , Tang Yunting Melissa , Li Vivian , Nwankwo Josephine , Lee Joon Y. , Shaw Jeremy D. 
Published: February 2024

Design.Retrospective review.Objective.Characterize negative reviews of spine surgeons in the United States.Summary.Physician rating websites significantly influence the selection of doctors by other patients. Negative experiences are impacted by various factors, both clinical and nonclinical, geography, and practice structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and categorize negative reviews of spine surgeons in the United States, with a focus on surgicalversusnonsurgical reviewers.Methods.Spine surgeons were selected from available online professional society membership directories. A search for reviews was performed on Healthgrades.com, Vitals.com, and RateMDs.com for the past 10 years. Free response reviews were coded by complaint, and qualitative analysis was performed. χ2and Fisher exact tests were used to compare categorical variables, and multiple comparisons were adjusted with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. A binary logistic regression model was performed for the top three most mentioned nonclinical and clinical complaint labels. AP-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results.A total of 16,695 online reviews were evaluated, including 1690 one-star reviews (10.1%). Among one-star reviews, 64.7% were written by nonsurgical patients and 35.3% by surgical patients. Nonclinical and clinical comments constituted 54.9% and 45.1% of reviews, respectively. Surgeons in the South had more “bedside manner” comments (43.3%,P<0.0001), while Northeast surgeons had more “poor surgical outcome” remarks compared with all other geographic regions (14.4%,P<0.001). Practicing in the South and Northeast were independent predictors of having complaints about “bedside manner” and “poor surgical outcome,” respectively.Conclusion.Most one-star reviews of spine surgeons were attributed to nonsurgical patients, who tended to be unsatisfied with nonclinical factors, especially “bedside manner.” However, there was substantial geographic variation. These results suggest that spine surgeons could benefit from focusing on nonclinical factors (bedside manner), especially among nonoperative patients, and that regional nuances should be considered in delivering spine care.Level of Evidence.Level— 5
“A Caregiver’s Marriage”: The Impact of Blood Cancer on the Spousal Connection
Authors: Mullis M. Devyn , Wollney Easton N. , Bylund Carma L. , Campbell-Salome Gemme , Wright Kevin B. , Sae-Hau Maria , Weiss Elisa S. , Rajotte Michelle , Fisher Carla L. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Spouses are the most common type of cancer caregiver and a primary source of support across the cancer continuum. While studies show that cancer can impact caregivers’ health outcomes, less is known about how blood cancer impacts the spousal relationship.

Objective:
We sought to examine the impact of blood cancer on the relational connection of married couples from the perspective of the spousal caregiver.

Interventions/Methods:
We thematically analyzed transcripts of in-depth interviews with caregivers of a spouse diagnosed with a blood cancer.

Results:
Caregivers (n = 27) identified positive and negative relational impacts related to physical intimacy, emotional intimacy, marital roles, discordance between spouses in coping, and a disrupted relational future.

Conclusions:
Spousal caregivers must navigate ongoing relational impacts across the care continuum. These relational effects illustrate how cancer jointly impacts diagnosed individuals and their caregiving spouses, altering their relational connection, roles, and future as a couple. While marital bonds can become strengthened after cancer, it also challenges couples and how they typically relate, which may be informed by gendered norms in some marital relationships.

Implications for Practice:
To provide better support, educational resources and interventions are needed to help couples prepare for and address challenges with intimacy, gender roles, discordant communication and coping preferences, managing discussions about their future, and coping with uncertainty.

What Is Foundational:
To support individuals living with blood cancer and their caregiving spouses, their needs must be understood from a family-centered or relational perspective to better facilitate psychosocial adjustment during and after cancer treatment.
A Comparison of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma Immunohistochemistry and Diagnostic Gene Expression-Profiling Assay in Challenging Melanocytic Proliferations
Authors: Casillas Austin C. , Muhlbauer Aaron , Barragan Victor A. , Jefferson Itisha , Speiser Jodi J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Most melanocytic tumors are classified as benign or malignant based on clinical morphology, histology, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. A subset of more challenging cases with ambiguous features may require further evaluation with established ancillary diagnostic molecular studies, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism array, to increase diagnostic certainty. More recently, a diagnostic gene expression-profiling (GEP) assay and an IHC stain for the detection of PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma) have been developed. The use of PRAME IHC has been validated in cases of unequivocal and ambiguous melanocytic proliferations via comparing results with fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or single nucleotide polymorphism array. A study comparing performance metrics of PRAME IHC and diagnostic GEP has not been previously published. Herein, we evaluated the use of PRAME IHC in 55 melanocytic tumors with challenging histomorphology by comparing the results with diagnostic GEP and final histomorphologic diagnosis. Intertest agreement occurred in 88% of cases. PRAME IHC supported the final diagnosis in 89% of cases with a sensitivity of 79%, specificity of 95%, and positive predictive value of 88.2%. GEP agreed with the final diagnosis in 88% of cases with a sensitivity of 65%, 97% specificity, and positively predicted melanoma in 91.7% of cases. Because the results of this study align with past publications evaluating the performance metrics of PRAME IHC, showing it to be as sensitive as and more cost effective than all other ancillary molecular tests, we propose the use of PRAME IHC as the optimal first-line diagnostic tool for ambiguous melanocytic proliferations.
Pesticide exposure, birth size, and gestational age in the ISA birth cohort, Costa Rica
Authors: van Wendel de Joode Berna , Peñaloza-Castañeda Jorge , Mora Ana M. , Corrales-Vargas Andrea , Eskenazi Brenda , Hoppin Jane A. , Lindh Christian H. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To examine associations of prenatal biomarkers of pesticide exposure with birth size measures and length of gestation among newborns from the Infants’ Environmental Health (ISA) birth cohort, Costa Rica.

Methods:
We included 386 singleton liveborn newborns with data on birth size measures, length of gestation, and maternal urinary biomarkers of chlorpyrifos, synthetic pyrethroids, mancozeb, pyrimethanil, and 2, 4-D during pregnancy. We associated biomarkers of exposure with birth outcomes using multivariate linear regression and generalized additive models.

Results:
Concentrations were highest for ethylene thiourea (ETU, metabolite of mancozeb), median = 3.40; p10–90 = 1.90–6.79 µg/L, followed by 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP, metabolite of chlorpyrifos) p50 = 1.76 p10–90 = 0.97–4.36 µg/L, and lowest for 2,4-D (p50 = 0.33 p10–90 = 0.18–1.07 µg/L). Among term newborns (≥37 weeks), higher prenatal TCP was associated with lower birth weight and smaller head circumference (e.g., β per 10-fold-increase) during the second half of pregnancy = −129.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −255.8, −3.5) grams, and −0.61 (95% CI = −1.05, −0.17) centimeters, respectively. Also, among term newborns, prenatal 2,4-D was associated with lower birth weight (β per 10-fold-increase = −125.1; 95% CI = −228.8, −21.5), smaller head circumference (β = −0.41; 95% CI = −0.78, −0.03), and, during the second half of pregnancy, with shorter body length (β = −0.58; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.07). Furthermore, ETU was nonlinearly associated with head circumference during the second half of pregnancy. Biomarkers of pyrethroids and pyrimethanil were not associated with birth size, and none of the biomarkers explained the length of gestation.

Conclusions:
Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos and 2,4-D, and, possibly, mancozeb/ETU, may impair fetal growth.
Intravenous iron in patients with iron deficiency and heart failure: a review of modern evidence
Authors: Gale Stormi E. , Willeford Andrew , Sandquist Katherine , Watson Kristin 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Iron deficiency is common in patients with heart failure, affecting up to half of ambulatory patients and an even greater percentage of patients admitted for acute decompensation. Iron deficiency in this population is also associated with poor outcomes, including worse quality of life in addition to increased hospitalizations for heart failure and mortality. Evidence suggests that patients with iron deficiency in heart failure may benefit from repletion with IV iron.

Recent findings
In this review, we outline the etiology and pathophysiology of iron deficiency in heart failure as well as various iron formulations available. We discuss evidence for intravenous iron repletion with a particular focus on recent studies that have evaluated its effects on hospitalizations and mortality. Finally, we discuss areas of uncertainty and future study and provide practical guidance for iron repletion.

Summary
In summary, there is overwhelming evidence that intravenous iron repletion in patients with iron deficiency in heart failure is both beneficial and safe. However, further evidence is needed to better identify which patients would most benefit from iron repletion as well as the ideal repletion strategy.
Recurrent GATA3 P409Afs*99 Frameshift Extension Mutations in Sweat-gland Carcinoma With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Goto Keisuke , Kiniwa Yukiko , Kukita Yoji , Ohe Shuichi , Hiraki Tsubasa , Hishima Tsunekazu , Takai Toshihiro , Honma Keiichiro 
Published: February 2024

Sweat-gland carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (SCAND) was recently proposed as a new cutaneous adnexal neoplasm with neuroendocrine differentiation; however, its genetics are not well known. Herein, we performed clinicopathologic and genetic analyses of 13 SCAND cases and 5 control cases of endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSGC). The SCAND group included 11 males and 2 females with a median age of 68 years (range, 50 to 80 y). All SCAND lesions occurred in the ventral trunk or genital area. Of the 13 SCAND cases, 9 and 5 exhibited lymph node and distant metastases, respectively. Three (23.1%) patients with SCAND died of the disease. In contrast, neither metastasis nor mortality was confirmed in the EMPSGC cases. Immunoexpression of the androgen receptor, c-Myb, and MUC2 was limited in SCAND, whereas EMPSGC frequently expressed these immunomarkers. GATA3 P409Afs*99 extension mutations were detected in 7 (53.8%) of the 13 SCAND cases, using Sanger or panel sequencing. All 7 SCAND cases with GATA3 mutations were located in the genital, inguinal, or lower abdominal regions, whereas 5 of the other 6 SCAND cases were located in the anterior upper to mid-trunk. No GATA3 mutations were detected in the EMPSGC cases (0/5, 0%). These clinicopathologic and genetic findings support SCAND as a tumor entity distinguishable from EMPSGC. In addition, the characteristic frameshift extension mutations in GATA3 contribute to the establishment of the tumor-type concept of SCAND.
Single-Center, Long-Term Experience with Mentor Contour Profile Gel Implants: What Can We Learn after 21 Years of Follow-Up?
Authors: Martin del Yerro Jose L. , Bengoa Sara D. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
The difficulty in obtaining long-term data with the use of breast implants is well known. The majority of available data are from multicenter studies with different surgical techniques, and different implants.

Methods:
The authors provide retrospective 10-year study data (2001 to 2011) with Mentor Contour Profile Gel implants after a mean of 13 years of follow-up, in the first single-center study of such size and length. This study included 835 patients with 1674 Mentor implants across 6 surgery types, all of them performed with a consistent surgical technique developed by the senior author (J.L.M.Y.). Long-term complication rates were analyzed. For the safety analysis, Kaplan-Meier risk rates were calculated.

Results:
A total of 85% of the patients had long-term follow-up data (at least 7 years). The overall complication rate was 13.2%. The reoperation rate was 12.3%, being just 6.2% caused by complications. The 21-year Kaplan Meier cumulative incidence rate was 1.7% for capsular contracture and 5.1% for implant rupture. The periareolar approach and having a previous capsular contracture were found to be risk factors to develop a new capsular contracture. Low-height, high-projected implants had a significant higher risk of implant rotation. No breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma or breast implant illness cases were found; 89.2% of the patients reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery and the implant.

Conclusion:
With a consistent surgical technique, these 21-year follow-up data of the Mentor Contour Profile Gel implants reaffirm the very strong safety profile of these implants, and continued patient satisfaction with them.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Lower Third Soft Tissue Changes After Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Reategui Alvaro , Mier Alexa , Khetpal Sumun , Lopez Joseph , Steinbacher Derek 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Triple jaw surgery, inclusive of a LeFort osteotomy, bilateral sagittal split osteotomy, and genioplasty, is used to maximize functional and esthetic outcomes for patients. This is achieved through the procedure’s measurable effects on the craniofacial skeleton but is also influenced by the soft tissue changes that occur as a result of the procedure. This study aims to characterize the three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue changes of triple jaw surgery.

Methods:
Patient demographics were collected along with pre and postoperative 3D images (3D VECTRA photosystem, Canfield, Fairfield, NJ). Orolabial anthropometric measurements were performed using Mirror (Canfield Scientific Inc., Fairfield, NJ).

Results:
Forty-eight 3D data sets were included. The male/female ratio was 0.6, with a mean age of 23.4 years. Significant postoperative decreases (P<0.001) were seen in the mean absolute distance from the lower lip to S-line and distance from lower lip to H-line. In female patients, upper vermilion fullness, lower lip height, lower vermilion fullness, distance from lower lip to S-line, and absolute distance from lower lip to H-line were found to fall within ideal norms postoperatively. In male patients, lower lip height, lower vermilion fullness, distance from lower lip to S-line, and absolute distance from lower lip to H-line were found to fall within ideal norms postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Triple jaw surgery has a significant soft tissue impact and can transform some orolabial measurements to conform to ideal norms.
Spring-Assisted Surgery of Unilambdoid Craniosynostosis
Authors: Mellgren Jonas , Maltese Giovanni , Tarnow Peter , Bhatti-Søfteland Madiha , Kölby Lars , Säljö Karin 
Published: February 2024

Craniosynostosis is traditionally treated with extensive cranial vault reconstructions (CVRs). Although less invasive techniques, such as endoscopic strip craniectomy with postoperative helmet therapy, have been successful, they also present difficulties. An alternative method is distraction osteogenesis using either manually controlled devices or specially designed springs. In this study, the authors provide the first comparison of spring-assisted surgery (SAS) with CVR for the treatment of unilambdoid synostosis (ULS). Fourteen consecutive patients (8 CVR and 6 SAS) treated for ULS at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 2005 and 2018 were included. Skull shape and deviations were evaluated using previously defined measurement points on 3-dimensional computed tomography scans preoperatively, at spring removal, and at 3 years of age. Posterior and middle cranial fossa (PCF and MCF, respectively), skull-base cant, facial twist, and mastoid bulge (MB) were measured, and clinical data were obtained from chart reviews. The results indicated that at the 3-year follow-up, PCF, MCF, and MB improved in both groups, with no significant difference in outcome observed between methods. In the SAS group, duration of operation [61±27 min (mean±SD)] and perioperative bleeding (3.5±2.8 mL/kg body weight) were both significantly lower relative to the CVR group (P<0.05). These findings showed that both SAS and CVR resulted in similar improvements in treating ULS, although neither produced complete normalization of skull shape. The results suggest that early diagnosis and operation allow less extensive SAS to be performed without adversely affecting the results.