bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Plasticity Changes Competitive Ability Across a Woodland Salamander Hybrid System
Authors: James Emmy , Muñoz Martha M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTemperature mediates performance in ectotherms, affecting their ability to grow, survive, and reproduce. Aggression and evasion are key examples of thermally dependent behaviors that can impact fitness. However, we know relatively little about how the thermal plasticity of such behaviors varies among close relatives and impacts competitive outcomes. Woodland salamanders (Genus: Plethodon) from the Appalachian Mountains are distributed across wide thermal gradients in accordance with latitude or elevation. These plethodontid (lungless) salamanders compete for space and develop hybrid zones where territories overlap among species. Plethodontids tend to exhibit increased aggression at warmer temperatures, suggesting that as temperatures rise, behavioral interactions may be altered in ways that impact hybrid zone dynamics. It is thus far unclear, however, how salamander hybrids, which may encroach on their parent populations and drive competitive exclusion, respond behaviorally to warming. Here, we used staged bouts to examine the effects of temperature on aggression and evasion in the Plethodon shermani and Plethodon teyahalee hybrid system from the southern Appalachians. The behavior of salamanders from parent populations, particularly P. shermani, appears to be more sensitive to thermal changes than that of hybrid individuals. Additionally, evasive behavior was significantly more plastic than aggressive behavior in response to warming. Our results suggest that rising temperatures may increase competition for preferable microhabitats, but the effects on behavior among parental and hybrid salamanders will be asymmetric. Temperature may therefore alter the outcomes of competition, determining which populations can persist under rapid warming.
Equine tongue tumours: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Noll C. , Reyner C. , Dechant J. E. , Omura C. , Dixon P. , Nowak M. , Schulte‐Bahrenberg S. , Fowlie J. , Lang H. M. , Mair T. S. , Prange T. 
Published: February 2025

SummaryBackgroundTumours of the oral cavity in horses are rare, and because they are not easily visible, their diagnosis is often delayed. Different types of equine tongue tumours have been described, but information about clinical signs, treatments and outcomes is very limited.ObjectivesTo identify horses with a confirmed antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour and to document their clinical presentation, treatment and outcome.Study designRetrospective multicentre study.MethodsMedical records (1997–2024) from eight specialty or referral practices were reviewed. Horses met inclusion criteria if an antemortem diagnosis of a tongue tumour was made and confirmed by cytology or histopathology.ResultsThirteen horses met the inclusion criteria. Presenting complaints included one or more of the following: tongue mass (4) or wound (2), difficulty eating (6), external facial swelling (2) and abnormal respiratory noise (2). Tumours were identified as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (5), melanoma (2), mast cell tumour (2), anaplastic carcinoma (1), poorly differentiated carcinoma (1), B‐cell lymphoma (1) and neuroendocrine tumour (1). Seven of 13 horses (54%) underwent surgical treatment. Five of the seven (71%) had no recurrence for ≥1 year, and two were euthanised earlier for reasons other than tumour regrowth. One mast cell tumour responded to conservative treatment. All horses with SCC were euthanised following palliative or no treatment.Main limitationsThe main limitations are the small sample size, a result of the rarity of the condition and the diversity of performed diagnostics and treatments, a consequence of the multicentre study design.ConclusionHorses with tongue tumours frequently present for evaluation of a tongue laceration or mass and biopsy or cytology is required for definitive diagnosis. While the prognosis for lingual SCC was uniformly grave, surgical excision for other types of tongue tumours carried a good long‐term prognosis in this study.
Study of Fatigue Crack Initiation in 316 Stainless Steel
Authors: Benabdeljalil O. , Khan M. K. , Fitzpatrick M. E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCrack initiation in AISI 316 stainless steel has been investigated. Persistent slip bands (PSBs) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). PSBs on the surface of the material increase the surface roughness and result in crack initiation. EBSD data from near the crack initiation region were used to correlate the global and local misorientations of the grains, plastic deformation, and Schmid factor with the fatigue life of specimens. The crack initiation region was found to have the highest misorientations. The region near crack initiation was found to have more plastic deformation, which was severe in specimens loaded with higher stresses. The kernel average misorientation (KAM) and grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) maps from the EBSD data were investigated for specimens that failed at different fatigue cycles. It was found that the interaction of high dislocation density, substructuring, and misorientation of low‐angle grain boundaries in the region of plastic deformation resulted in fatigue crack initiation.
Cytocompatibility of mesoporous bioactive glasses doped with cerium and loaded with polyphenols
Authors: Salvatori Roberta , Anesi Alexandre , Cavazzoli Chiara , Zambon Alfonso , Lusvardi Gigliola 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTherapeutic inorganic ions (TIIs) and biomolecules like polyphenols (POLY) can both enhance the properties of mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs), which are promising biomaterials for use in hard and soft tissues. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the excellent antioxidant properties of cerium‐doped MBGs containing polyphenols (Ce‐MBGs‐POLY) and their persistent apatite‐forming ability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the cytocompatibility of MBGs containing POLY and/or cerium. The cytocompatibility is evaluated using MLO‐Y4 cells, Neutral Red (NR) and the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and morphological analyses. The NR and MTT results show that MBG‐POLY and Ce‐MBG‐POLY improve cell viability and proliferation compared with MBG, indicating the beneficial effects of both cerium and polyphenols on cell health. Morphological evaluations using optical and electron microscopes confirmed good cell adhesion and proliferation on the surface of all studied MBGs. MBG‐POLY and Ce‐MBG‐POLY possess not only antioxidant properties and apatite‐forming ability but are also cytocompatible; for this reason, these MBGs may be proposed as innovative materials to promote tissue regeneration and repair.
Multiple optical thermometry and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting based on multicolor emission in Y2GaSbO7:Bi3+,Er3+ phosphor
Authors: Lei Bocheng , Ma Ligan , Zhang Lili , Wei Rongfei , Guo Hai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOptical thermometric and anti‐counterfeiting multifunctional materials hold great promise for practical applications, yet their development continues to encounter considerable challenges. Here, we successfully developed a new Bi3+,Er3+ co‐doped Y2GaSbO7 powder with multicolor luminescence. Through adjusting the excitation wavelengths, emissions in violet, blue, green, and orange are achieved. The phosphor demonstrates remarkable thermochromism due to the distinct temperature‐dependent luminescence of Bi3+ and Er3+, confirmed under irradiation at 312 or 980 nm. By reducing the power of 980 nm laser or increasing the laser‐to‐sample distance, the emitting color can be precisely tuned from gold‒yellow or yellow‒green to orange‒red. These diverse luminescent characteristics enable the creation of a multilevel anti‐counterfeiting system. Moreover, a four‐mode optical thermometry with an optimal relative sensitivity of 1.98% K−1, a high thermal resolution of 0.15 K, and signal reversibility was established using fluorescence intensity ratio and fluorescence decay time. These results disclose that Y2GaSbO7:Bi3+,Er3+ phosphor is a promising candidate for temperature monitoring and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting applications.
A Novel Method by Three Slot Coupling Holes Alternate Working to Improve Microwave Heating Uniformity
Authors: Wu Haoran , Li Dan , Chen Jianjun , Huang Kama , Tang Zhengming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrowave heating is a booming technology in the food industry that has gained attention for its outstanding benefits. However, the problem of uneven heating remains a persistent challenge in practical applications. To solve this problem, this study presents a novel microwave heating method that improves heating uniformity by generating a rotating electric field. However, unlike traditional methods, it does not rely on physical rotation. To illustrate the method succinctly, a structure with three center‐symmetric coupling slots was designed. The cyclic activation of these slots results in an effect similar to a port in rotation, generating a dynamic electric field in the resonant cavity so that the microwave energy is absorbed more uniformly. To validate the proposed method, a corresponding multiphysics field simulation model is developed. The heating process was simulated and analyzed by deeply coupling Maxwell's equations with heat conduction equations. Moreover, a well‐established system was built for physical experimental validation. The results show that the proposed method surpasses the traditional single‐port fixed‐position heating with a 79.3% improvement in heating efficiency and a 17.2% improvement in heating uniformity.
Dyadic Analysis of Cumulative Childhood Trauma and Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Parental Alliance
Authors: Baumann Mathilde , Villeneuve Élise , Bélanger Claude , Paradis Alison , Herba Catherine M. , Godbout Natacha 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCumulative childhood trauma (CCT) increases the risk of relationship difficulties in adulthood. Couples welcoming a new child are particularly prone to relationship distress, and CCT survivors may be especially vulnerable during this period. This study examined the association between CCT and relationship satisfaction and tested the role of parental alliance in this association. A random sample of 1136 different‐gender parental couples completed online self‐report questionnaires. Path analyses guided by the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model revealed that parents' CCT was associated with their own lower relationship satisfaction through their own and their partner's parental alliance in both mothers and fathers. Results also revealed dyadic associations between one parent's CCT and their partner's relationship satisfaction through their own and their partner's parental alliance. These findings support the relevance of couple interventions focusing on the parental alliance to improve relational well‐being in parental couples where one or both partners have experienced CCT.
Family Rituals and Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Parental Burnout
Authors: Lisboa‐Lima Maria , Nguyen Thanh‐Minh , Hasse Inês , Crespo Carla 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFamily rituals are meaningful interactions with benefits for individuals and families. Previous research has linked family ritual meaning with quality of life (QoL), yet the mechanisms that explain this association are not fully known. The present research examined parental burnout, an exhaustion disorder related to parenting, as a mediator in the association between family ritual meaning and QoL. Participants were 109 Portuguese married couples with at least one child up to 18. Partners individually completed the Family Ritual Questionnaire, the Parental Burnout Assessment, and the EUROHIS‐QOL‐8. The results showed that women attributed more meaning to family rituals and reported higher levels of parental burnout than men. Family ritual meaning was negatively associated with parental burnout and positively associated with QoL, for both partners. The mediation analysis showed that family ritual meaning was associated with QoL, directly and indirectly via parental burnout. Findings can contribute to strengthening evidence‐based interventions with families.
Building Bridges or Forging Bonds? Exploring the Role of Social Capital in the Reception of Ukrainian Refugees in Italy
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Ercolano Salvatore , Ippolito Marzia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the immediate aftermath of the invasion of Ukraine, over 6 million Ukrainians fled their country to various European countries, including Italy. Various entities in the country, ranging from third‐sector organizations to private citizens, expressed their interest in hosting these refugees, with significant subnational heterogeneity. What influenced this varying willingness to be hosts? We aim to provide some preliminary answers to this question by investigating the role of social capital in this heterogeneous response, using a quantitative framework. Our results, obtained through a set of regressions using Fractional Probit estimators, suggest that bonding social capital is associated with greater willingness to host, whereas the opposite is true for bridging social capital. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Effect of Plant‐Derived Feed Additives on Enteric Methane Emission, Nutrient Digestibility and Immune Status of Adult Male Goats
Authors: Kumari Neelam , Kala Anju , Agarwal Neeta , Chaturvedi Vishwa Bandhu , Vijayalakshmy Kennady , Chaudhary Lal Chandra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRuminal methanogenesis reduces animal feed utilizing efficiency and is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to climate change. The present study aimed to study the effect of plant secondary metabolites on methane emission, nutrient digestibility and immune status of adult male goats. To fulfil the goal, 20 adult male goats (2.5−3 years of age, body weight [BW] 25.90 ± 1.46 kg) were divided into four groups of five animals. The control was fed a basal diet containing wheat straw and concentrate in a 50:50 ratio without additives. In groups T1, T2 and T3, the basal diet was supplemented with ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) oil @ 0.06% dry matter intake (DMI), bahera (Terminalia belirica) @ 0.8% DMI and combination of ajwain oil and bahera @ 0.06% and 0.8% DMI, respectively. The DMI, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen intake, outgo and nitrogen balance were similar (p > 0.05) in all four groups. Methane emissions (g/kg DDMI) reduced (p < 0.05) by 22.16%, 23.88% and 33.49% in T1, T2 and T3 compared to control. Both cell‐mediated immunity and humoral immune response significantly improved in T3 than other supplemented groups and control. In conclusion, the combination of behera and ajwain oil effectively reduced methane emissions and improved the immune status of adult male goats without affecting nutrient digestibility.
Beyond the classroom: The transformative experience of short rural immersion programs for health professional students: A narrative review
Authors: Nyaradi Anett , Solomons Terena , McNaught Keith 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundRural areas house nearly half the global population yet face a significant shortage of skilled health professionals, exacerbating health inequities. Short‐term rural immersion programs offer a cost‐effective approach to exposing health professional students to the unique challenges of rural healthcare. Transformative learning theory is well suited to examining how these programs foster critical reflection and perspective shifts in students.ObjectivesTo explore the potentially transformative impact of short‐term (<6 weeks) rural immersion programs on health professional students through the lens of transformative learning theory.MethodsThis review synthesised findings from various studies on the impact of rural immersion programs. Comprehensive searches were conducted across multiple databases, identifying 17 studies published between 2001 and 2024. Data extraction and thematic synthesis were guided by Mezirow's transformative learning framework, identifying key patterns and insights through an iterative process.ResultsRural immersion programs deepen students' understanding of the unique health needs of rural and remote communities. These experiences promote personal and professional growth, enhance critical thinking, problem‐solving abilities, cultural competence and social accountability and foster a commitment to serving underserved populations. The collaborative role of the community, student cohort and academic staff in facilitating transformative learning is emphasised.ConclusionShort‐term rural immersion programs offer invaluable and transformative educational opportunities that extend beyond traditional learning environments.
Invasive Mould Infections Following Combat‐Related Injuries—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hoffman Tomer , Haviv Yael , Cohen Amir , Nesher Lior , Schlaeffer‐Yosef Tal , Azulay Hovav , Brosh‐Nissimov Tal , Amit Sharon , Gazit Zeala , Tribble David R. , Ben‐Ami Ronen , Yahav Dafna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAvailable data on combat wound‐related invasive mould infections (IMIs) are limited.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of IMIs in casualties of a recent conflict.Patients/MethodsA retrospective study including hospitalised patients with combat‐related injuries, fulfilling criteria for wound‐related IMI based on Trauma Infectious Disease Outcomes Study definitions. Patient and injury characteristics, management and outcomes are described and compared to previous cohorts. Mould isolates and susceptibility testing results, including the novel agent manogepix, are reported.ResultsOverall, 31 patients (69 mould isolates) were included—resulting in an IMI incidence rate of 1.9%. Blast was the most common injury mechanism (71%), with limb amputations and abdominoperineal injuries in 35% and 45%, respectively. Mould cultures, obtained mostly from lower extremities wounds (62%), were positive in all patients. Most (68%) had poly‐mould infections, with Aspergillus and Fusarium species predominating. Overall, non‐susceptibility rates of > 50% to newer azoles and 38% to amphotericin B reflected the high proportion of Fusarium spp., A. terreus and A. flavus, with the lowest azole minimal inhibitory concentrations demonstrated with posaconazole. Manogepix displayed good in‐vitro activity against all isolates, except for Mucorales species. Two patients (6.5%) died of disseminated IMIs and 19% required amputations. Patients with Mucorales had poorer outcomes (40% mortality/amputation vs. 19% for non‐Mucorales).ConclusionsCombat wound‐related IMIs are uncommon but carry significant morbidity and mortality. High susceptibility rates to manogepix were observed. Further studies are needed to evaluate optimal surgical approaches and the role of antifungal susceptibility testing in this setting.
Similarities and Differences in Resting‐State Brain Activity Changes of Distinct Chronic Pain Types
Authors: Chen Xiaofei , Tang Ruoyu , Jin Yihan , Wu Liqiang , Liang Yidan , Xu Kuanghui , He Ping , Guo Yun , Li Jie 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore neural similarities and differences between visceral and somatic pain by comparing spontaneous brain activity in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsTwenty eight IBS patients, 21 TMD patients, and 28 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting‐state fMRI and behavioral assessments. The correlations between fMRI metrics such as the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and clinical manifestations were further analyzed.ResultsCompared with HC, both patient groups demonstrated increased ALFF in right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), insula, medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed), precentral gyrus (PreCG), and increased ReHo in right SFGmed and left supplementary motor area (SMA). Compared with IBS patients, TMD patients exhibited reduced ALFF in right SFGmed and insula, increased ALFF in right PHG and PreCG, decreased ReHo in right SFGmed and left lingual gyrus, and increased ReHo in left SMA. Both patient groups exhibited enhanced right PHG‐related FC in left precuneus and right cingulate gyrus, and right insula‐related FC in left superior temporal gyrus and right paracentral lobule. Specifically, IBS patients showed higher FC between right PHG and orbitofrontal cortex than TMD patients, which was negatively correlated with mood and gastrointestinal symptoms. Mediation analysis revealed that pain in TMD and gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS mediated these relationships.ConclusionVisceral and somatic pain share abnormal activity in multiple brain networks. Abnormalities in affective region present potential neuroimaging markers for pain disorders, with depression in somatic pain linked to pain intensity and in visceral pain to gastrointestinal symptoms.
Long‐Term in vivo Observation of Maize Leaf Xylem Embolism, Transpiration and Photosynthesis During Drought and Recovery
Authors: Allen Brendan S. , Stewart Jared J. , Polutchko Stephanie K. , Ocheltree Troy W. , Gleason Sean M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlant water transport is essential to maintain turgor, photosynthesis and growth. Water is transported in a metastable state under large negative pressures, which can result in embolism, that is, the loss of function by the replacement of liquid xylem sap with gas, as a consequence of water stress. To avoid experimental artefacts, we used an optical vulnerability system to quantify embolism occurrence across six fully expanded maize leaves to characterize the sequence of physiological responses (photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, whole‐plant transpiration and leaf inter‐vein distance) in relation to declining water availability and leaf embolism during severe water stress. Additionally, we characterize the recovery of leaf function in the presence of sustained embolism during a 6‐day recovery period. Embolism formation occurred after other physiological processes were substantially depressed and were irreversible upon rewatering. Recovery of transpiration, net CO2 assimilation and photosystem II efficiency were aligned with the severity of embolism, whereas these traits returned to near pre‐stress levels in the absence of embolism. A better understanding of the relationships between embolism occurrence and downstream physiological processes during stress and recovery is critical for the improvement of crop productivity and resilience.
Artemisinin pressure in field isolates can select highly resistant
Plasmodium falciparum
parasites with unconventional phenotype and no K13 mutation
Authors: Paloque Lucie , Mathieu Luana , Laurent Marion , Coppée Romain , Blandin Stéphanie , Campagne Pascal , Augereau Jean-Michel , Musset Lise , Benoit-Vical Françoise 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Artemisinin resistance, which poses a serious threat to malaria control efforts, is monitored in the field by delayed parasite clearance in patients, elevated parasite survival rate in the ring-stage survival assay, and mutations in the
Plasmodium falciparum kelch13
gene. However, sporadic cases of artemisinin-resistant malaria do not meet all of these criteria, highlighting that our understanding of artemisinin resistance is still incomplete. Here, we selected for artemisinin resistance
in vitro
in nine
P. falciparum
field isolates from Africa, Asia, and South America. Artemisinin pressure selected highly resistant parasites in all lineages, but only one acquired a validated
pfkelch13
mutation. Phenotypic tests evidenced an unconventional response of selected parasites that can be artemisinin-resistant only at an advanced ring age, making them undetectable by the standard “0–3 h” test used to monitor resistance. These results highlight the need for broader approaches to artemisinin resistance monitoring.