bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the essential oil of cultivated Salvia sclarea L.
Authors: Pešić Perica Ž , Banković Vladimir M. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe yield and composition in freshly picked material of wild‐growing and cultivated Salvia sclarea L. in Serbia have not been investigated previously. This paper reports the results of investigation of the yield, characteristics and essential oil composition of cultivated S. sclarea L. on the experimental plot of Hisar (Leskovac), through three different phases of herbal development: at full blossom; at seed formation; and at full seed maturity, in all parts of the inﬂorescence. Research material, the region of the inﬂorescence 20–50 cm from the plant top, was picked at 10–11 a.m. The fresh material was immediately distilled with overheated steam by the method of water and steam distillation. Oil yields (% v/w) reached values of about 0.25% in the phase of full blooming, 0.43% in the phase of growing fruit and 0.78–0.83% in the phase of full maturity of the seeds. Physicochemical properties were determined. The essential oil has been tested by GC–MS analysis. The results of the analysis show that the essential oil of S. sclarea L. is dominated by two monoterpenes, linalool and linalylacetate, which mostly determine the oil quality in all the tested phases of development; they constitute 86.07% from total oil mass. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunities for ultra‐high resolution analysis of essential oils using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography: a review
Authors: Shellie Robert , Marriott Philip 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIn comprehensive 2D gas chromatography, the entire sample is simultaneously subjected to analysis on two capillary columns. By using a suitable modulation interface between the primary and secondary columns, hundreds of fast, second‐dimension chromatograms are produced. The data from these chromatograms are treated such that a 3D surface plot or a 2D contour plot of the components' individual retention times, on each column, as well as peak responses, are represented. In a properly tuned comprehensive 2D chromatogram, the individual sample components are spread throughout a 2D separation space, providing a signiﬁcant increase in the probability of resolving a greater number of sample components without increasing the analysis time. Comprehensive 2D–GC has proved useful for high‐resolution conventional essential oil analysis as well as high‐resolution enantioselective essential oil analysis. Combining comprehensive 2D–GC with either a quadrupole or time‐of‐ﬂight mass spectrometer gives a powerful 3D analysis technique, which is extremely effective for complex sample analysis. The present status and opportunities arising from these ultra‐high resolution approaches are discussed herein. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional cerebral blood flow correlations of somatosensory areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in humans during rest: A PET and cytoarchitectural study
Authors: Young Jeremy P. , Geyer Stefan , Grefkes Christian , Amunts Katrin , Morosan Patricia , Zilles Karl , Roland Per E. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe concept of functional connectivity relies on the assumption that cortical areas that are directly anatomically connected will show correlations in regional blood flow (rCBF) or regional metabolism. We studied correlations of rCBF of cytoarchitectural areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in the brains of 37 subjects scanned with PET during a rest condition. The cytoarchitectural areas, delineated from 10 postmortem brains with statistical methods, were transformed into the same standard anatomical format as the resting PET images. In areas 3a, 3b, and 1, somatotopically corresponding regions were intercorrelated. Area 2 was correlated with the dorsal pre‐motor area. These results were in accordance with the somatosensory connectivity in macaque monkeys. In contrast, we also found correlations between areas 3b and 1 with area 4a, and SMA, and among the left and right hand sector of areas 3a, 3b, and 1. Furthermore, there were no correlations between areas 3b, 1, and 2 with SII or other areas in the parietal operculum, nor of other areas known to be directly connected with areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2 in macaques. This indicates that rCBF correlations between cortical areas during the rest state only partly reflect their connectivity and that this approach lacks sensitivity and is prone to reveal spurious or indirect connectivity. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:183–196, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repetition effects elicited by objects and their contexts: An fMRI study
Authors: Tsivilis Dimitris , Otten Leun J. , Rugg Michael D. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEvent‐related fMRI responses were recorded during a recognition memory test for previously studied visual objects. Some studied objects were superimposed on the same context (landscape scenes) as at study, some were superimposed on a different studied context, and some were paired with new contexts. Unstudied objects were paired with either a studied or a new context. Relative to all other stimulus classes, test stimuli where both components were unstudied elicited enhanced responses in lateral and ventral extrastriate visual cortex. This effect, which is analogous to a previously described electrophysiological result obtained with the same experimental procedure, had the same magnitude regardless of whether a test item was composed of one or two studied components, or whether a single studied component was task relevant or task irrelevant. The findings point to the existence of repetition‐sensitive neural mechanisms that operate in a non‐linear manner. Hum. Brain Mapping 19:145–154, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Participation of bone marrow derived cells in cutaneous wound healing
Authors: Badiavas Evangelos V. , Abedi Mehrdad , Butmarc Janet , Falanga Vincent , Quesenberry Peter 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBone marrow has long been known to be a source of stem cells capable of regeneration of the hematopoeitic system. Recent reports, however, have indicated that bone marrow might also contain early stem cells that can differentiate into other organ tissues such as skin. While these studies have illustrated that bone marrow stem cells could find their way to the skin, they have not addressed the dynamics of how bone marrow stem cells might participate in the homeostatis and regeneration of skin. In this report we followed green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled bone marrow transplanted into non‐GFP mice in order to determine the participation of bone marrow stem cells in cutaneous wounds. Our results indicate that there are a significant number of bone marrow cells that traffic through both wounded and non‐wounded skin. Wounding stimulated the engraftment of bone marrow cells to the skin and induced bone marrow derived cells to incorporate into and differentiate into non‐hematopoietic skin structures. This report thus illustrates that bone marrow might be a valuable source of stem cells for the skin and possibly other organs. Wounding could be a stimulus for bone marrow derived stem cells to travel to organs and aid in the regeneration of damaged tissue. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein–Barr virus: Induction and control of cell transformation
Authors: Dolcetti Riccardo , Masucci Maria G. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpes virus, is associated with an increasing number of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. The ability of the virus to establish life‐long persistent infections and induce growth transformation is related to the function of a set of viral proteins that are variously expressed in both normal and malignant cells. Recent evidence indicates that these viral proteins are able to usurp cellular pathways that promote the cell growth and survival, while impairing anti‐viral immune responses. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which EBV induces cell transformation and escapes host immune control provides the rational background for the design of new strategies of intervention for EBV‐related malignancies. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 207–218, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bone morphogenetic protein‐7 reduces the severity of colon tissue damage and accelerates the healing of inflammatory bowel disease in rats
Authors: Maric Ivana , Poljak Ljiljana , Zoricic Sanja , Bobinac Dragica , Bosukonda Dattatreyamurty , Sampath Kuber T. , Vukicevic Slobodan 
Published: June 2003

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is a growth and differentiation factor and belongs to the TGF‐β superfamily of proteins. Previous studies have shown an abundant expression of BMP‐7 in the developing intestine and an association with a perturbed BMP/SMAD downstream signaling leading to a malignant phenotype and inflammation in the gut. In the present study, we have evaluated the effect of systemically administered recombinant human BMP‐7 against trinitrobenzenesulfonic (TNBS) acid induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. The TNBS administered rats treated with BMP‐7 have developed much less severe form of colitis based on macroscopic and histological scoring when administered 1.5 h before or 24 h after colitis induction. Bioavailability studies in healthy rats have revealed that significant portion (3.6%) of i.v. administered BMP‐7 is targeted for BMP‐7 receptors in the stomach and ileum, respectively, suggesting its availability to target tissue upon administration. Immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR analyses have shown elevated expression of pro‐inflammatory (IL‐6, TNF‐β, ICAM‐1) and pro‐fibrogenic (TGF‐β) cytokines, and BMP‐7 treatment significantly reduced their expression in the intestine; among which the suppression of IL‐6 appeared to be the most important. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that BMP‐7 plays an important role in the regulation of anti‐inflammatory response in the adult gut tissue. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 258–264, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatin sphingomyelin changes in cell proliferation and/or apoptosis induced by ciprofibrate
Authors: Albi E. , Pieroni S. , Viola Magni M.P. , Sartori C. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractIt has been shown that neutral‐sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin‐synthase activities are present in chromatin and they modify the sphingomyelin (SM) content. The activity of the first enzyme is stimulated and the second inhibited, when the hepatocytes enter into the S‐phase after partial hepatectomy, thus suggesting that ceramide may have a pivotal role in cell proliferation. An opposite function was attributed to ceramide in hepatocytes which undergo apoptosis after lobular ligature. In order to clarify this point, a model was developed in which the same liver cells undergo proliferation followed by induced apoptosis. To this purpose, the rats were treated for 7 days with ciprofibrate and then left without treatment for 4 days. During the treatment, the peroxisome enzyme markers increase their activity and the number of proliferating cells increases, reaching a maximum after 3 days of treatment, as shown by the number of cells positive for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen. At the same time, the chromatin sphingomyelinase activity reaches the maximum, while a similar increase is not found in the cytoplasm or in the isolated nuclei. On the contrary, SM‐synthase activity is depressed in chromatin, but not in the nuclei in which a peak is shown after 3 days of ciprofibrate treatment. After drug withdrawal, the hepatocytes undergo apoptosis as confirmed by the increase of Bax and tissue transglutaminase (tTGase) expression; the chromatin SM increases as a consequence of an increase of SM‐synthase activity. It can be hypothesised that chromatin SM may have a role in cell duplication by influencing the chromatin structure stability. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 354–361, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Runx1/AML1 hematopoietic transcription factor contributes to skeletal development in vivo
Authors: Lian Jane B. , Balint Eva , Javed Amjad , Drissi Hicham , Vitti Regan , Quinlan Edward J. , Zhang Lina , van Wijnen Andre J. , Stein Janet L. , Speck Nancy , Stein Gary S. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractThe requirement of Runx2 (Cbfal/AML3), a runt homology domain transcription factor essential for bone formation and osteoblast differentiation, is well established. Although Runx2 is expressed in the developing embryo prior to ossification, yet in the absence of Runx2 initial formation of the skeleton is normal, suggesting a potential redundancy in function of Runx family members. Here we addressed expression of the hematopoietic family member Runx1 (AML1/Cbfa2) in relation to skeletal development using a LacZ knock‐in mouse model (Runx1lz/+). The resulting fusion protein reflects Runx1 promoter activity in its native context. Our studies show that Runx1 is expressed by prechondrocytic tissue forming the cartilaginous anlagen in the embryo, resting zone chondrocytes, suture lines of the calvarium, and in periosteal and perichondral membranes of all bone. Runx1 continues to be expressed in these tissues in adult mice, but is absent in mature cartilage or mineralized bone. However, hyaline cartilage outside the bone environment (trachea, xiphoid tissues), and epithelium of many soft tissues (trachea, thyroid, lung, skin) also express Runx1. The robust expression of Runx1 in vivo in chondroblasts at sites of cartilage growth and in osteoblasts at sites of new bone formation, suggests that Runx1 expression may be related to osteochondroprogenitor cell differentiation. This observation is further supported by high expression of Runx1 in ex vivo cultures of marrow stromal cells and calvarial derived osteoblasts from Runx1lz/+ mice. These data indicate that Runx1 may contribute to the early stages of skeletogenesis and continues to function in the progenitor cells of tissues that support bone formation in the adult. J. Cell. Physiol. 196: 301–311, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sonographic measurement of kidney size in geriatric patients
Authors: Akpınar İhsan Nuri , Altun Ersan , Avcu Serhat , Tüney Davut , Ekinci Gazanfer , Biren Tuğrul 
Published: June 2003

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the value of absolute and relative renal length (ARL and RRL, respectively) measurements in determining variations in normal kidney size related to sex, body height, and increasing age among patients older than 60 years.MethodsKidney sizes were prospectively measured sonographically in patients older than age 60 years. Longitudinal renal lengths (ARLs) were measured, and the RRLs were calculated by dividing the ARL by the body height. ARL and RRL measurements were analyzed according to sex, age, and body height.ResultsThe ARLs and RRLs of the left kidney in 236 patients were significantly greater than those of the right kidney (p < 0.05) in both sexes. The ARLs for both kidneys were also significantly greater in men than they were in women (p < 0.05). In contrast, the RRLs for both kidneys were significantly lower in men than they were in women (p < 0.05). Both left and right ARLs decreased significantly with increasing age regardless of sex (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The same was true for left and right RRLs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively).ConclusionsRenal size decreases with increasing age among patients older than 60 years. In our series of geriatric patients, the use of RRLs could not completely eliminate variations related to a subject's height, sex, and age. Therefore, we recommend that the ARL be used for renal measurements in geriatric patients. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 31:315–318, 2003
Effects of endurance training on satellite cell frequency in skeletal muscle of old men
Authors: Charifi Nadia , Kadi Fawzi , Féasson Léonard , Denis Christian 
Published: June 2003

AbstractWe investigated the effects of endurance training on satellite cells, which are a major component of the regenerative capacity of muscles. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 11 men aged between 70 and 80 years who trained for 14 weeks (work load corresponding to 65–95% of peak oxygen consumption, V̇O2 peak). Satellite cells were identified by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant increase in satellite cell number. Additionally, V̇O2 peak, citrate synthase activity, and the area of type IIA fibers were significantly increased. Fiber type distribution and the myonuclear number were not significantly affected. The enhancement of satellite cell frequency and fiber area indicate that endurance training is an efficient strategy to improve muscle function in the elderly. Muscle Nerve 28: 87–92, 2003
Cluster ions of diquat and paraquat in electrospray ionization mass spectra and their collision‐induced dissociation spectra
Authors: Milman Boris L. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractCluster ions such as [Cat+X+nM]+ (n = 0–4); [Cat‐H+nM]+ (n = 1–3); and [2(Cat‐H)+X+nM]+ (n = 0–2), where Cat, X, and M are the dication, anion, and neutral salt (CatX2), respectively, are observed in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry of relatively concentrated solutions of diquat and paraquat. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) reactions of the clusters were observed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), including deprotonation to form [Cat‐H]+, one‐electron reduction of the dication to form Cat+., demethylation of the paraquat cation to form [Cat‐CH3]+, and loss of neutral salt to produce smaller clusters. The difference in acidity and reduction power between diquat and paraquat, evaluated by thermodynamical estimates, can rationalize the different fractional yields of even‐electron ([Cat‐H]+ and its clusters) and odd‐electron (mostly Cat+.) ions in ESI mass spectra of these pesticides. The [Cat+n · Solv]2+ doubly charged cluster ions, where n ≤ 2 and Solv is the solvent molecule (methanol and/or water), are only observed as very weak peaks in precursor ion CID spectra of the Cat2+ salt cation at low collision energy. The presence of an anion and a solvent molecule in a cluster is assumed to be related to existence of tight and loose ion pairs, respectively, in multiply charged droplets/ions formed by ESI. The results emphasize again the role of solution chemistry concepts such as acidity/basicity, redox power, and ion‐pair formation, for ESI. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequencing of bacitracin A and related minor components by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Govaerts Cindy , Li Chunlan , Orwa Jennifer , Van Schepdael Ann , Adams Erwin , Roets Eugène , Hoogmartens Jos 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA selective reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) method is described for the characterization of related compounds in commercial bacitracin samples. Mass spectral data for these polypeptide antibiotics were acquired on a LCQ ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization probe operated in the positive and negative ion mode. The LCQ ion trap is ideally suited for the sequencing of those linear side‐chain cyclized peptides because it provides on‐line LC/MSn capability. Using this method bacitracin A, 1‐epibacitracin A, bacitracins B1, B2, B3 and bacitracin F were sequenced and previous sequencing was confirmed. Bacitracins C1, C2, C3, D, H2 and H3 were resolved chromatographically and their ring portion was sequenced for the first time. Four components not described in the literature (1‐epibacitracin B1, 1‐epibacitracin B2, 1‐epibacitracin C1 and H4) were sequenced completely for the first time. The main advantage of this hyphenated LC/MSn technique is the characterization of the related substances without time‐consuming isolation and purification procedures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New generation of polycapillary lenses: manufacture and applications
Authors: Bjeoumikhov A. , Langhoff N. , Wedell R. , Beloglazov V. , Lebed'ev N. , Skibina N. 
Published: June 2003

AbstractA polycapillary x‐ray lens is an effective element for radiation control. However, owing to the influence of several factors (efficiency of radiation capture by the capillary, absorption of radiation during its propagation through the capillary, etc.), a photon energy exists at which the lens has a maximum efficiency. The value of this energy is mainly determined by the diameter of the individual capillaries. In this paper, a new generation of polycapillary lenses with a combined structure is proposed. The developed lens consists of structures with different channel sizes and glass types. Capillary channels with larger sizes transport radiation of lower energies more effectively and capillary channels with smaller sizes transport radiation of higher energies more effectively. A comparison of the characteristic parameters of conventional lenses with a homogeneous structure and of new lenses with a combined structure was carried out. Examples of applications of these new lenses are given. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral lichen planus and intake of drugs metabolized by polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes
Authors: Kragelund C , Thomsen CE , Bardow A , Pedersen AM , Nauntofte B , Reibel J , Torpet LA 
Published: June 2003

Objective:  To study if patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) had a medication profile different from that of a control group without oral mucosal lesions. It was hypothesized that OLP lesions might result from poor drug metabolism (PM) because of genetic variation of the major cytochrome P450‐enzymes (CYPs with a PM‐risk).Subjects and methods:  Dental records of 172 OLP patients were reviewed in this cross‐sectional study and 152 sex‐ and age‐matched subjects served as controls. The measures for the drug profiles were medicine type (ATC‐code), mono‐ and polypharmacy, CYP‐enzyme metabolism pattern, and medicine with a potential to induce lichenoid drug eruptions.Results:  Fifty per cent of the OLP patients consumed daily medications as compared with 59% of the controls. The OLP patients more frequently consumed medicines metabolized by CYPs with a PM‐risk (P = 0.03). Furthermore, they consumed more medicine with an inhibitory effect on one or more CYPs than the controls (P = 0.01).Conclusion:  Confounders like sex, age, systemic diseases, drug distribution into the therapeutic classes, and polypharmacy were similar in the two groups; but the OLP patients consumed more drugs metabolized by CYPs with a PM‐risk. The results argue for further investigation of associations between OLP, medication intake and the CYP‐enzyme metabolic pathways.