bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated administration of piribedil induces less dyskinesia than L‐dopa in MPTP‐treated common marmosets: A behavioural and biochemical investigation
Authors: Smith Lance A. , Tel Banu C. , Jackson Michael J. , Hansard Matthew J. , Braceras Rogelio , Bonhomme Céline , Chezaubernard Claire , Del Signore Susanna , Rose Sarah , Jenner Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPiribedil ([1‐(3,4‐methylenedioxybenzyl)‐4‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)piperazine]; S 4200) is a dopamine agonist with equal affinity for D2/D3 dopamine receptors effective in treating Parkinson's disease as monotherapy or as an adjunct to levodopa (L‐dopa). However, its ability to prime basal ganglia for the appearance of dyskinesia is unknown. We now report on the ability of repeated administration of piribedil to induce dyskinesia in drug naïve 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) ‐lesioned common marmosets compared with L‐dopa and its actions on the direct and indirect striatal outflow pathways. Administration of piribedil (4.0–5.0 mg/kg orally) or L‐dopa (12.5 mg/kg orally plus carbidopa 12.5 mg/kg orally twice daily) produced equivalent increases in locomotor activity and reversal of motor deficits over a 28‐day study period. Administration of L‐dopa resulted in the progressive development of marked dyskinesia over the period of study. In contrast, administration of piribedil produced a significantly lower degree and intensity of dyskinesia. Surprisingly, piribedil caused an increase in vigilance and alertness compared to L‐dopa, which may relate to the recently discovered α2‐noradrenergic antagonist properties of piribedil. The behavioural differences between piribedil and L‐dopa are reflected in the biochemical changes associated with the direct striatal output pathway. Administration of L‐dopa or piribedil did not reverse the MPTP‐induced up‐regulation of preproenkephalin A mRNA in rostral or caudal areas of the putamen or caudate nucleus. In contrast, administration of either piribedil or L‐dopa reversed the downregulation of preprotachykinin mRNA induced by MPTP in rostral and caudal striatum. L‐dopa, but not Piribedil, reversed the decrease in preproenkephalin B mRNA produced by MPTP treatment. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
EMG–EMG coherence in writer's cramp
Authors: Cordivari Carla , Lees Andrew J. , Misra V. Peter , Brown Peter 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated the extent to which oscillatory drives to muscle, believed to arise mainly from the motor cortex, are exaggerated and/or fail to react normally to peripheral stimulation in writer's cramp. We used the coherence between active forearm flexor and intrinsic hand muscles as our index of such drives before and after digital nerve stimulation of the dominant hand. The results in 8 patients with writer's cramp were compared with those in eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. We found no significant difference in either the strength of intermuscular coherence or its modulation by cutaneous stimulation between patients and healthy subjects during voluntary flexion of the wrist and extension–abduction of the fingers. Therefore, we were unable to provide evidence for a pervasive disturbance of oscillatory cortical motor outflow in writer's cramp. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Phenotypic variability of DYT1‐PTD: Does the clinical spectrum include psychogenic dystonia?
Authors: Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Loi Mario , Valente Enza M. , Ialongo Tamara , Tonali Pietro , Albanese Alberto 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPrimary torsion dystonia (PTD) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders, usually inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with reduced (30–40%) penetrance. The DYT1 gene on chromosome 9q34 is responsible for most cases of early limb‐onset PTD. DYT1‐PTD clinical spectrum is broad, as the disease may present with several degrees of body involvement and severity. We identified an Italian family with 4 members definitely affected by PTD, genetically diagnosed as carriers of the GAG mutation at DYT1 gene. Phenotype was homogeneous when considering the presentation at onset (limb involvement and early onset), the disease progression was variable; in the subjects of the last generation, the disease progressed to a severe, generalized PTD; in the remaining 2 subjects, dystonia presented with writer's cramp or upper body segmental dystonia of mild severity. One family member, carrier of the GAG mutation on DYT1 gene and mother of the most severely affected individual, presented with a clinically established psychogenic movement disorder resembling dystonia initially diagnosed as a severe generalized PTD. Psychogenic movement disorders are among the most controversial and challenging diseases to diagnose, in particular when the affected individual belongs to a family with an inherited movement disorder. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Microstructure of the non‐rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease: Effects of dopaminergic treatment
Authors: Brunner Hans , Wetter Thomas C. , Hogl Birgit , Yassouridis Alexander , Trenkwalder Claudia , Friess Elisabeth 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe investigated non‐rapid eye movement (non‐REM) sleep in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease (PD) who had never previously received dopaminergic medication. There were no significant differences in the conventional sleep parameters between de novo patients with PD and a healthy control group, but the length of stage 1 sleep and the number of awakenings increased significantly upon administration of dopaminergic drugs. Analyzing the quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG), we observed a significant reduction in the low‐delta frequency range and a nonsignificant increase in the sigma frequency range in de novo patients with PD. The dopaminergic medication also nonsignificantly reduced the low‐delta and sigma frequencies, the latter to the level of the controls. Possible mechanisms that may account for the observed differences are discussed. It is suggested that Parkinson's disease as well as the application of dopaminergic drugs exerts a desynchronizing effect on the sleep EEG that is reflected in a disruption of sleep continuity. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
Levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in an autopsy‐proven case of progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Kim Jong‐Min , Lee Ki Hyeong , Choi Yoon‐La , Choe Gi Yeong , Jeon Beom S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIt is common for patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease to develop levodopa‐induced dyskinesia. This report provides what we believe is the first videotape presentation of levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in a patient with progressive supranuclear palsy. To our knowledge, there is only one previous report of an autopsy‐proven case of this kind. © 2002 Movement Disorder Society
An asymptotic‐induced one‐dimensional model to describe fires in tunnels
Authors: Gasser Ingenuin , Struckmeier Jens 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe derive a simple one‐dimensional model for the description of fire events in long vehicle tunnels, which is based on appropriate low‐Mach number asymptotics as well as on averaging procedure along the cross‐section of a tunnel. Turbulent effects are modelled using a phenomenological model. Numerical simulations based on a standard finite‐difference method show the ability of the new model to describe fires in tunnels at least qualitatively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced coupling of light emitters to plastic optical fiber with the use of bulb‐lens antenna systems
Authors: Lazarus M. J. , Ellarby V. , Campbell D. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Helmholtz–Lagrange principle is applied to compare two methods of plastic optical‐fiber coupling from widebeam LEDs. A novel method of improvement is analyzed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 6–9, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10213
A study of microwave thermal emission from a subsurface object
Authors: Ungan Baran U. , Johnson Joel T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA numerical study of microwave thermal emission from a finite‐size buried object is described. Results show that emission from a finite‐size object can exhibit properties similar to emission from a layered (i.e., horizontally infinite) model of the object, including an oscillatory behavior versus frequency. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 9–12, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10214
Tilt angle and side‐lobe level control of microwave array antennas
Authors: Mognon Vilson Rodrigo , Artuzi Wilson Arnaldo , Descardeci Jose Ricardo 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article describes a new strategy for controlling the tilt angle and side‐lobe level of linear array antennas by using a genetic algorithm. A very simple fitness function for controlling the performance of the array was constructed and is suggested. Simulations show excellent results for directing the main lobe and side‐lobe levels. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 12–14, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10215
Network model for the inverse capacitively fed microstrip element
Authors: Vandenbosch Guy A. E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA network model is presented for the inverse capacitively fed microstrip antenna, consisting of a ground plane, a radiating patch, and a small patch on top, fed by a probe that penetrates the radiating patch. This structure has the advantage that the capacitor can be easily designed and mounted on an existing structure a posteriori. Based on the characteristics of the original antenna, capacitive coupling between the patches allows matching of this antenna. The network model gives full physical insight, is easily implemented, and allows a much faster design than full‐wave models. All formulas necessary to use the model in practice are provided. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 16–19, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10217
Quasi‐static analysis of fringe capacitances for horizontal and vertical annular frills
Authors: Chao Hsueh‐Yung , Chew Weng Cho 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA succinct method is proposed for deriving spectral representation of the fringe capacitances of horizontal and vertical frills. The approach enables fast and accurate calculation of the input admittances of coaxial‐fed antennas. The importance of the fringe capacitance calculation for magnetic frill sources is demonstrated by a variational formulation. Simple formulas are also provided for extracting fringe capacitances of frills with different wire radii and frill widths. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 33: 61–64, 2002; DOI 10.1002/mop.10232
On the dyadic Green's function in the source region embedded in waveguides or cavities filled with a stratified medium
Authors: Słobodzian Piotr M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA relatively simple method of derivation of the Green's function for vertical current sources embedded in uniform waveguides has been described. The question of singularity of the electric dyadic Green's function in the source region has been discussed, and an appropriate form of the singular component, as regards the numerical treatment, has been derived and validated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 93–97, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10526
Determination of complex permittivity and thickness of a single‐layer material using reflection ellipsometry at several angles of incidence
Authors: Sagnard F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn analytic formulation is proposed to obtain both complex permittivity and thickness of a single‐layer material from reflection ellipsometry data obtained at more than two angles of incidence. The principle consists in decoupling the equations that involve both thickness and complex permittivity. The solution is based on multi‐steps numerical processing methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 154–157, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10544
Design and fabrication of a single‐ended gate mixer for a down‐converter in wireless applications
Authors: Yang Dooyeong , Chung You Chung 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA single‐ended gate mixer with a high conversion gain, low dissipated power, wide dynamic range and good isolation factor is designed and tested. The mixer is composed of a hairpin‐line band‐pass filter, an input/output matching circuit, a GaAs MESFET transistor, and a lumped element low‐pass filter to convert the radio frequency (RF) into an intermediate frequency (IF). In the non‐linearity analysis of a GaAs MESFET, the novel method with a harmonic balance technique is used to analyze the operating characteristics of a mixer circuit. The designed mixer outperforms a general mixer for a down converter in wireless applications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 189–193, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10553
Wide band rectangular microstrip antenna using symmetric T‐shaped feed
Authors: Menon Sreedevi K. , Lethakumary B. , Vasudevan K. , Mohanan P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractBandwidth enhancement of a rectangular microstrip antenna using a T‐shaped microstrip feed is explored in this paper. A 2:1 VSWR impedance bandwidth of 23% is achieved by employing this technique. The far‐field patterns are stable across the pass band. The proposed antenna can be used conveniently in broadband communications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 235–236, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10566
2D NMR analysis for unambiguous structural elucidation of phenolic compounds formed through reaction between (+)‐catechin and glyoxylic acid
Authors: Es‐Safi Nour‐Eddine , Le Guernevé Christine , Cheynier Véronique , Moutounet Michel 
Published: October 2002

AbstractVarious phenolic compounds were synthesized in an aqueous–alcoholic solution containing (+)‐catechin and glyoxylic acid which was used as a model of fruit‐derived food browning that usually occurs during aging. After purification by semi‐preparative HPLC, the isolated compounds were subjected to homo‐ and heteronuclear proton and carbon NMR analysis including COSY, TOCSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC techniques. These experiments allowed the structural elucidation and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of the isolated compounds. The strategies followed for the assignment of all proton and carbon resonances in addition to the linkage site determination are discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR studies on 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐4‐phenyl]‐(2H)phthalazin‐1‐one
Authors: Wang Tianzhi , Cheng Lin , Zhang Tao , Yuan Hanzhen , Mao Shizhen 
Published: October 2002

AbstractAn unsymmetrical heterocyclic diamine, 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐4‐[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐4‐phenyl]‐(2H)phthalazin‐1‐one, was synthesized. Its 1H and 13C NMR spectra were completely assigned by utilizing the two‐dimensional heteronuclear 13C–1H multiple‐bond coherence (HMBC) spectroscopy, and heteronuclear 13C–1H one‐bond correlation spectroscopy, homonuclear shift correlation spectroscopy (H,H‐COSY) and rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY). The structure of the compound was shown to be the phthalazinone rather than the phthalazine ether from cross peaks and chemical shifts of the protons. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 13C NMR study of the methylol derivatives of 2,4′‐ and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethanes found in resol phenol–formaldehyde resins
Authors: Fisher Thomas H. , Chao Ping , Upton Cindy G. , Day Anthony J. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA total of 13 of the 16 possible methylol derivatives of 2,4′‐ and 4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethane have been synthesized, isolated, and identified. These compounds are found as intermediates in the cure process of resol phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resins. Analysis of the 13C NMR spectra (in acetone‐d6) of these compounds provided a way to evaluate the seven methylolphenol ring types (methylol derivatives of 2‐hydroxyphenyl and 4‐hydroxyphenyl rings) found in typical resol PF resins using the ipso carbon region from 150 to 160 ppm. A simple diagnostic test was developed using the chemical shift values of the methylol methylene carbon atoms to identify the presence of intermediates containing either a 2‐hydroxyphenyl or a 4‐hydroxyphenyl ring. Using these data it is now possible to analyze the major components in extracted prepreg PF resins. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H, 13C, and 15N NMR analysis of Tröger's base and of some of its [15N1] labelled precursors
Authors: Salort Francisca , Pardo Carmen , Elguero José 
Published: October 2002

AbstractOne‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra of Tröger's base, (±)‐2,8‐dimethyl‐6H,12H‐5,11‐methanodibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine labelled on one of the nitrogen atoms, have been used to determine the chemical shifts, coupling constants, and Δ13C(15N) isotope shifts. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Valosine containing protein is a substrate of cAMP—Activated boar sperm tyrosine kinase
Authors: Geussova Gizela , Kalab Petr , Peknicova Jana 
Published: October 2002

AbstractPreviously we reported that treatment of boar sperm with cAMP‐elevating drugs induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a triton‐insoluble 93 kDa protein (p93). We have isolated p93 by preparative SDS electrophoresis and blotting from urea‐extracted boar sperm and identified it as a valosine containing protein (VCP) by mass spectrometry and microsequencing. With the use of antibodies to VCP and phosphotyrosine (pY) we found that both p93 and VCP are poorly extractable with triton and are solubilized in > 6 M urea. Furthermore, VCP and p93 overlap on one and two dimensional (1 and 2D) electrophoretic gels, supporting the identity of p93 as a tyrosine‐phosphorylated population of VCP. According to immunofluorescence, VCP is localized along the entire sperm tail, in the posterior ring, distal equatorial segment, and postacrosome. In addition, 9–12% sperm contained VCP in the acrosome. The cAMP‐elevating treatment did not alter VCP localization but induced tail tyrosine phosphorylation in 15% sperm cells. In those sperm, VCP and pY colocalized in connecting piece and posterior ring. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 366–375, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant methylation patterns at the two‐cell stage as an indicator of early developmental failure
Authors: Shi W. , Haaf T. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe fertilized mouse egg actively demethylates the paternal genome within a few hours after fertilization, whereas the maternal genome is only passively demethylated by a replication‐dependent mechanism after the two‐cell stage. This evolutionarily conserved assymetry in the early diploid mammalian embryo may have a role in methylation reprogramming of the two very different sets of sperm and egg chromatin for somatic development and formation of totipotent cells. Immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against 5‐methylcytosine (MeC) showed that the incidence of abnormal methylation patterns differs between mouse two‐cell embryos from superovulated females, nonsuperovulated matings, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It also depends on embryo culture conditions and genetic background. In general, there was a good correlation with the number of embryos (from the same experiment) which did not develop in vitro up to the blastocyst stage. Thus, aberrant genome‐wide DNA methylation in early embryos may be an important mechanism contributing to the high incidence of developmental failure in mammals. Similar to the situation in abnormally methylated embryos from nuclear transfer, it may cause a high incidence of pregnancy loss and abnormal phenotypes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 329–334, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging cortical anatomy by high‐resolution MR at 3.0T: Detection of the stripe of Gennari in visual area 17
Authors: Barbier Emmanuel L. , Marrett Sean , Danek Adrian , Vortmeyer Alexander , van Gelderen Peter , Duyn Jeff , Bandettini Peter , Grafman Jordan , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe brain can be parcellated into numerous anatomical and functional subunits. The classic work by Brodmann (Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde in ihren Prinzipien dargestellt auf Grund des Zellenbaues. Leipzig: Barth; 1909) identified areas of the cerebral cortex based on histological differences. An alternative to his cytoarchitectonic approach is the myeloarchitectonic approach. MRI has excellent white/gray matter contrast in the brain due to the presence of myelin, and thus seems uniquely suited for in vivo studies of cortical myeloarchitecture. Here it is demonstrated that the stripe or stria of Gennari can be consistently detected in human occipital cortex.T1‐weighted images obtained at 3T from six of 10 normal volunteers, with resolutions of 350 × 350 × 600 μ, clearly demonstrate this myelin‐rich intracortical layer. It is concluded that the striate cortex (area 17 of Brodmann) of the human brain can be delineated in vivo onT1‐weighted images, potentially enabling detection of specific cortical boundaries within individual brains. Magn Reson Med 48:735–738, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GABA X2 multiplet measured pre‐ and post‐administration of vigabatrin in human brain
Authors: Hanstock Christopher C. , Coupland Nicholas J. , Allen Peter S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis work demonstrates, in solution and in human brain at 3 tesla, that the X2‐multiplet of the A2M2X2 proton spin system of GABA at 2.315 ppm can be readily resolved from that of the overlapping background, particularly the glutamate multiplet, i.e., the PQ multiplet of the glutamate AMNPQ spin system. Prior to experiment, the values of the stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence parameters TE and TM that maximized the GABA‐X2 discrimination from its background (i.e., 168 ms and 28 ms, respectively) were determined numerically. The determination was made by calculating the spectral response of all contributing metabolites to the STEAM sequence throughout TE/TM space. A baseline GABA concentration (mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the mean) of 0.78 ± 0.04 mM was estimated from spectra acquired from a 3 × 3 × 3 cm3 volume in the parieto‐occipital cortex of eight normal control subjects. Five of the eight control subjects were also studied 24 hr post‐administration of a single dose of 50 mg.kg–1 vigabatrin. Four of the five showed increases in GABA in the range of 15–120% of their baseline level. Magn Reson Med 48:617–623, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic stimulation of sacral roots for assessing the efferent neuronal pathways of lower urinary tract
Authors: Rodic Biljana , Schläpfer Andri , Curt Armin , Knapp Peter , Dietz Volker , Schurch Brigitte 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe value of sacral magnetic stimulation (SMS) in neurophysiological evaluation of the sacral efferent pathways of the lower urinary tract was assessed during urodynamic examination in 10 men with chronic suprasacral spinal cord injury (SCI) and in 7 healthy volunteers. Investigated parameters included latency and amplitude of the urodynamic pressure response of the external urethral sphincter and detrusor to different stimulation strengths (50–100%) and single or repetitive (20 and 30 Hz) stimuli. Following SMS, reproducible external urethral sphincter pressure responses (mean latency, 13 ms) were recorded in all subjects. In contrast, a detrusor pressure increase was recorded only in SCI patients after repetitive SMS, with a latency of 1–2 s. This implies the appearance of a polysynaptic spinal reflex due to changes in organization of the sacral micturition reflex after SCI. The method of SMS may be helpful for the evaluation of cases in which urodynamic studies remain inconclusive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Muscle Nerve 26: 486–491, 2002