bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interrelation Between Language, History, and Traditional Ecological Knowledge Within the Nahuat-Pipil Context of El Salvador
Authors: Dohle Ebany 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis chapter looks at the interrelation between Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), language, and historical events within the context of the Nahuat-Pipil language of El Salvador. It deals with what some refer to as Indigenous Knowledge (IK), Traditional Knowledge (TK), or Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), domains that position knowledge within broader contexts and social systems. The approaches and theories applied in this chapter are based on interactions with Indigenous people in western El Salvador from the towns of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Nahuizalco, and Cuisnahuat where Nahuat-Pipil is most widely spoken. The research questions are a response to their specific request to conduct research on TEK, as ‘We are losing this knowledge, and without it we cannot call ourselves Indigenous’ (T. Pedro, personal communication, July 2012). Having established a baseline for understanding the motivations behind Indigenous interest in TEK, it is possible to then focus on the Nahuat-Pipil linguistic repertoire and how TEK is encoded within it. Thus, the investigation turns to the question of the ethnobiological categorization and classification of plants, how this is achieved by speakers of Nahuat-Pipil, and whether cognitive categorization strategies are reflected in the language itself. The investigation then examines folk nomenclature of plants by presenting their internal linguistic composition. The investigation of plant names is used to further inform the documentation efforts of Nahuat-Pipil by adding new focalized materials to the existing range of resources. The theoretical framework and methods employed to collect data for this body of research are interdisciplinary and draw largely upon ethnobotany, anthropology, the collection of oral histories, and sociolinguistics, in addition to my core background as a linguist and language documenter. By seeking to listen to and understand the requests of the language and speech community, this chapter thus aims to investigate how TEK informs the construction of sociocultural identity through language use, and how TEK itself is cognitively, culturally, and linguistically encoded in Nahuat-Pipil.
The time-like minimal surface equation in Minkowski space: low regularity solutions
Authors: Ai Albert , Ifrim Mihaela , Tataru Daniel 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIt has long been conjectured that for nonlinear wave equations that satisfy a nonlinear form of the null condition, the low regularity well-posedness theory can be significantly improved compared to the sharp results of Smith-Tataru for the generic case. The aim of this article is to prove the first result in this direction, namely for the time-like minimal surface equation in the Minkowski space-time. Further, our improvement is substantial, namely by $3/8$
3
/
8
derivatives in two space dimensions and by $1/4$
1
/
4
derivatives in higher dimensions.
Cytotoxicity and immunological impact of Trypanosoma sp. infection on blood parameters of wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Fouad Alamira Marzouk , Abd El-Lateif Rasha S. A. , Abo-Al-Ela Haitham G. , Abdel-Hakeem Sara Salah 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFish trypanosomiasis is a common blood parasitic disease transmitted by aquatic invertebrates, such as leeches. This study aims to shed light on the cytotoxicity of Trypanosoma sp. on erythrocytes and its impacts on the innate immune response (serum lysozyme activity, nitric oxide production, phagocytic activity, serum total protein, and globulin) in wild African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. One hundred catfish were examined using blood smears stained with Giemsa and confirmed with PCR. The prevalence of infection was found to be 10% by microscope detection and 15% by PCR. The morphological identification of Trypanosoma as Trypanosoma mukasai was determined. Additionally, this study included previously undescribed features of Trypanosoma, such as the width of the anterior and posterior body, the length of the posterior pale region, and the number of folds. Various alterations in erythrocytes were observed, totaling 54.57%. Nuclear abnormalities, including fragmented nuclei, eccentric nuclei, and micronuclei, were also reported. Infected fish showed a reduction in serum total protein and globulin levels, while nitric oxide production, lysozyme activity, and phagocytic activity exhibited a significant increase compared to non-infected fish. We believe that our findings will contribute valuable data to the morphological and molecular identification of Trypanosoma sp. in African catfish, as well as their cytotoxic impact.
100 years since the publication of the suramin formula
Authors: Steverding Dietmar , Troeberg Linda 
Published: December 2023

AbstractSuramin was the first drug developed using the approach of medicinal chemistry by the German Bayer company in the 1910s for the treatment of human African sleeping sickness caused by the two subspecies Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienese. However, the drug was politically instrumentalized by the German government in the 1920s in an attempt to regain possession of its former African colonies lost after the First World War. For this reason, the formula of suramin was kept secret for more than 10 years. Eventually, the French pharmacist Ernest Fourneau uncovered the chemical structure of suramin by reverse engineering and published the formula of the drug in 1924. During the Nazi period, suramin became the subject of colonial revisionism, and the development of the drug was portrayed in books and films to promote national socialist propaganda. Ever since its discovery, suramin has also been tested for bioactivity against numerous other infections and diseases. However, sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense is the only human disease for which treatment with suramin is currently approved.
Maßgeschneiderte Sanierungsverfahren für die Tunnelentwässerung – „DrainRepair“ Teil 2: Ergebnisbericht
Authors: Arbeiter Florian , Schachinger Tobias , Wenighofer Robert , Riess Gisbert , Steiner Michael , Batka Vesna Micić , Griebaum Michael , Laufer Viktor , Galler Robert 
Published: December 2023

ZusammenfassungZur Sanierung beschädigter Drainagerohre in Tunnelbauwerken wurde im VIF-2019 Projekt „DrainRepair-das CIPP“ („Cured in Place Pipe“) bzw. Liner-Verfahren hinsichtlich Einsetzbarkeit und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten untersucht. Dabei wurde nachgewiesen, dass bei korrekter Auswahl der Materialien äußerst resistente und langlebige Systeme für die Sanierung von Tunneldrainagerohre möglich sind.Die Liner wurden dafür dem instrumentierten Durchstoßversuch, Hochdruckspültests und Alterungsversuchen unterzogen. Abschließend wurde ein optimierter Liner auf einer Länge von ca. 85 m in einer Drainage in der Forschungseinrichtung der Montanuniversität Leoben, „Zentrum am Berg“, installiert.Für die zukünftige Ausschreibung wurden konkrete Anforderungen an das gewünschte „Neurohr“ nach erfolgter Instandsetzung formuliert
Assessment of agricultural water protection strategies at a catchment scale: case of Finland
Authors: Hietala Reija , Virkkunen Henri , Salminen Jani , Ekholm Petri , Riihimäki Juha , Laine Päivi , Kirkkala Teija 
Published: December 2023

AbstractFor decades, water quality monitoring programmes, agri-environment schemes and environmental permits for animal farms have targeted a decrease in agricultural loads. These have been supplemented with more recent policies related to nutrient recycling and a circular economy. However, eutrophication of surface water bodies remains a widespread problem. In this paper, we focus on the nutrient loading and recycling in the catchment of Eurajoki River, Finland. We statistically examine the generation of nutrient loading and its variation on a sub-catchment scale. We extend this examination to the factors behind the loading and estimate the impact of nutrient recycling on it. Our analysis reveals shortcomings in the availability and collection of data on the agricultural nutrient loadings and the parcel-specific data on the presence and application of manure and fertilisers. Nine sub-catchments were responsible for roughly half of the TP loading from the 46 sub-catchments studied. To reveal such hot spots and to better target agricultural water protection measures, we recommend short-term water quality sampling campaigns. Judging from our data, the rate of manure recycling is not high enough to reduce the regional P surplus to manageable levels. Therefore, we suggest facilitated collaboration between animal and crop farms to decrease the nutrient surplus. We also propose setting up a national database containing parcel-specific information, for example, on soil P content, manure and fertiliser application, agricultural practices and the presence of acid sulphate soils. We also suggest an independent soil fertility sampling to provide valid baseline soil P data for field parcels.
Free-living colonies of native honey bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) in 19th and early 20th century Sweden
Authors: Niklasson Mats , Svensson Emil , Leidenberger Sonja , Norrström Niclas , Crawford Elizabeth 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Little information exists on the history and ecology of free-living colonies of European honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Europe, including its dark north-western subspecies (Apis mellifera mellifera). Our aim was to investigate the presence of colonies of free-living, native honey bees (A. m. mellifera) during the last two centuries in Sweden. For this we examined systematic interviews of beekeepers (176 answers from 158 questionnaires) performed in the years 1928–1981, with information dating back to the early 1800s. An overwhelming majority of answers (96%) confirmed the past presence of free-living colonies of honey bees in Sweden. While some stated that free-living colonies were simply absconded swarms from managed hives, the majority of interviewees (69%) believed that free-living colonies were of a truly wild origin. A decreasing trend in first-hand accounts of free-living colonies suggests that free-living populations underwent a dramatic decline at the end of the 19th century. This was also expressed in words by many interviewees, who in 14 cases stated that the loss of old forests and tree-cavity nest sites at the end of the 1800s was the primary cause of the decline. Direct accounts of perennial, free-living colonies, combined with detailed descriptions of the collection of large free-living colonies and/or wild honey, is strong evidence of free-living honey bees being well adapted to winter survival. These accounts contradict the officially supported view that the honey bee is a recently imported, domesticated, non-native species in Sweden. The results give a scientific underpinning and provide inspiration for the restoration of native forests which could facilitate populations of free-living colonies of A. m. mellifera exposed to natural selection. This could potentially lead to its return as a fully wild species. In an uncertain future, allowing for a natural lifestyle could increase resilience and reinstate characteristics that are otherwise lost in honey bees due to the increasing effects of artificial trait selection.

Implications for insect conservation
Our results present strong evidence for populations of free-living colonies of A. m. mellifera in the recent past, which calls for a revised look at its conservation status and management. Allowing and supporting free-living colonies of this subspecies should be evaluated as a method for conservation.
Towards industrial biological hydrogen production: a review
Authors: Teke G. M. , Anye Cho B , Bosman C. E. , Mapholi Z. , Zhang D. , Pott R. W. M. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractIncreased production of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly needed. Amidst other strategies, one promising technology that could help achieve this goal is biological hydrogen production. This technology uses micro-organisms to convert organic matter into hydrogen gas, a clean and versatile fuel that can be used in a wide range of applications. While biohydrogen production is in its early stages, several challenges must be addressed for biological hydrogen production to become a viable commercial solution. From an experimental perspective, the need to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production, the optimization strategy of the microbial consortia, and the reduction in costs associated with the process is still required. From a scale-up perspective, novel strategies (such as modelling and experimental validation) need to be discussed to facilitate this hydrogen production process. Hence, this review considers hydrogen production, not within the framework of a particular production method or technique, but rather outlines the work (bioreactor modes and configurations, modelling, and techno-economic and life cycle assessment) that has been done in the field as a whole. This type of analysis allows for the abstraction of the biohydrogen production technology industrially, giving insights into novel applications, cross-pollination of separate lines of inquiry, and giving a reference point for researchers and industrial developers in the field of biohydrogen production.
Top Five Stories of the Cellular Landscape and Therapies of Atherosclerosis: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives
Authors: Pan Qi , Chen Cheng , Yang Yue-jin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by impairment and apoptosis of endothelial cells, continuous systemic and focal inflammation and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is documented as the traditional cellular paradigm. However, the mechanisms appear much more complicated than we thought since a bulk of studies on efferocytosis, transdifferentiation and novel cell death forms such as ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and extracellular trap were reported. Discovery of novel pathological cellular landscapes provides a large number of therapeutic targets. On the other side, the unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of current treatment with lipid-lowering drugs as the cornerstone also restricts the efforts to reduce global AS burden. Stem cell- or nanoparticle-based strategies spurred a lot of attention due to the attractive therapeutic effects and minimized adverse effects. Given the complexity of pathological changes of AS, attempts to develop an almighty medicine based on single mechanisms could be theoretically challenging. In this review, the top stories in the cellular landscapes during the initiation and progression of AS and the therapies were summarized in an integrated perspective to facilitate efforts to develop a multi-targets strategy and fill the gap between mechanism research and clinical translation. The future challenges and improvements were also discussed.
X-ray Imaging of Two-Phase Flow Regimes in a Liquid Metal Swirling Downward Flow With Side Wall Gas Injection
Authors: Timmel K. , Shevchenko N. , Fujita K. , Tsukaguchi Y. , Eckert S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe formation and behavior of gas bubbles is experimentally investigated in a liquid metal downward pipe flow, a configuration that largely corresponds to the situation in a submerged entry nozzle (SEN) in the continuous casting process in steel making. The experimental mockup is operated at room temperature using the ternary alloy GaInSn as model fluid. Argon gas is injected through an orifice located in the SEN wall. The gas distribution in the pipe is visualized by means of the X-ray radiography. The set-up is completed by an electromagnetic stirrer, which is used to create a swirling flow in the tube. Depending on the volume flow rates of the gas and the liquid metal, as well as the intensity of the swirl flow generated by the stirrer, 4 flow regimes are observed: (1) the formation of an almost stationary gas pocket in the region below the injection point without any electromagnetic stirring, (2) a twisted void zone along the side wall, (3) a straight void zone in the center of the pipe, and (4) a bubble chain in the core of the pipe flow. The experiments reveal that the wetting conditions at the inner SEN wall have a decisive influence on the resulting flow regime.
Effects of thinning on the understory light environment of different stands and the photosynthetic performance and growth of the reforestation species Phoebe bournei
Authors: Su Shicheng , Jin Nianqing , Wei Xiaoli 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLight levels determine regeneration in stands and a key concern is how to regulate the light environment of different stand types to the requirements of the understory. In this study, we selected three stands typical in south China (a Cryptomeria japonica plantation, a Quercus acutissima plantation, and a mixed stand of both) and three thinning intensities to determine the best understory light environment for 3-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings. The canopy structure, understory light environment, and photosynthesis and growth indicators were assessed following thinning. Thinning improved canopy structure and understory light availability of each stand; species composition was the reason for differences in the understory light environment. Under the same thinning intensity, the mixed stand had the greatest light radiation and most balanced spectral composition. P. bournei photosynthesis and growth were closely related to the light environment; all three stands required heavy thinning to create an effective and sustained understory light environment. In a suitable understory light environment, the efficiency of light interception, absorption, and use by seedlings was enhanced, resulting in a higher carbon assimilation the main limiting factor was stomatal conductance. As a shade-avoidance signal, red/far-red radiation is a critical factor driving changes in photosynthesis and growth of P. bournei seedlings, and a reduction increased light absorption and use capacity and height: diameter ratios. The growth advantage transformed from diameter to height, enabling seedlings to access more light. Our findings suggest that the regeneration of shade-tolerant species such as P. bournei could be enhanced if a targeted approach to thinning based on stand type was adopted.
Exploring the Relationship between Capacity to Love and Well-being: A Comparative Study of Emerging Adults and Middle-aged Adults
Authors: Fernandes Maria Inês , Sousa Claúdia , Conde Ana Rita , Silva Frederico , Ferreira Maria José 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLove is a complex construct of undeniable importance for human beings and an area of research that has progressed over the past decades. The capacity to love, specifically, refers to the capacity for involvement, investment, and maintenance of a committed romantic relationship, resulting from complex developmental processes that begin in childhood and continue to be shaped throughout development. Despite its relevance, there is still little evidence of its relationships with indicators of positive human functioning. This study examines the link between the capacity to love and emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Furthermore, it delves into potential differences in the capacity to love based on life cycle stages (emerging adulthood and midlife) and gender. The research involved 535 participants, with 282 (52.7%) falling under the emerging adulthood category (18–25 years) and 253 (47.3%) classified as middle-aged adults (45–65 years). Multivariate variance analyses indicate emerging adults demonstrate a greater capacity to love in all dimensions except acceptance of loss, grief, and jealousy. Concerning gender, there were no significant differences. Prediction models indicate that age and acceptance of loss and grief are significant and positive predictors of all types of well-being, and basic trust is a significant and positive predictor of emotional well-being. Overall, this research sheds light on the vital role the capacity to love plays in human well-being and emphasizes the need for interventions that focus on nurturing and developing this aspect of human relationships.
The Shifted Wave Equation on Non-flat Harmonic Manifolds
Authors: Brammen Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWe solve the shifted wave equation $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\partial ^2}{\partial t^2}\varphi (x,t)=(\Delta _x+\rho ^2)\varphi (x,t) \end{aligned}$$

∂
2

∂

t
2

φ

(
x
,
t
)

=

(

Δ
x

+

ρ
2

)

φ

(
x
,
t
)

on a non-compact simply connected harmonic manifold with mean curvature of the horospheres $$2\rho >0$$

2
ρ
>
0

. We give an explicit representation of the solution as the inverse dual Abel transform of the spherical means of their initial conditions using the local injectivity of the Abel transform and symmetry properties of the spherical mean value operator. Furthermore, we investigate the shifted wave equation using the Fourier transform on harmonic manifolds of rank one. Additionally, we obtain a result analogous to the classical Paley–Wiener theorem and use it to show an asymptotic Huygens principle as well as asymptotic equidistribution of the energy of a solution of the shifted wave equation under assumptions on the Harish–Chandra type $$\textbf{c}$$
c
-function.
Mathematical models for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering different aspects of the charging process
Authors: Cataldo-Díaz Cristian , Linfati Rodrigo , Escobar John Willmer 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (E-VRPTW), considering the battery’s state of charge ($$SoC$$

SoC

) and the recharging process's linearity and non-linearity. We compare two proposed models: the first assumes a linear charging process, and the second evaluates the impact generated by including the non-linearity of the battery recharging process. The non-linear model considers the limitation of the state of charge and restricts the deep battery discharge during movement. Additionally, the effect of overload on the supplied energy process has been evaluated to extend the batteries' useful life. The models are tested on instances commonly used in the literature. The obtained results verify that including the non-linearity recharging process reduces the total time of the routes. Indeed, by accessing the upper sections of the recharge curve ($$> 85\% \; SoC$$

>
85
%

S
o
C

, the more significant degradation), autonomy is obtained to avoid unnecessary visits to stations. In addition, including the option to carry out a fast recharge could reduce the total time, even reducing the number of vehicles necessary to carry out the delivery tasks and the maximum time defined by each route.