bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theme: Thermal and Dynamic Study of Convection-Radiation Coupling in a Closed Enclosure
Authors: Adrien Sanembaye , Amadou Konfé , Karim Toussakoe , Maurice KY Thierry Sikoudouin , Joseph Bathiebo Dieudonné 
Published: December 2023

In this work, we present a two-dimensional study of natural convection in a square air-filled cavity whose two vertical sides are subjected to a temperature difference, while the other two horizontal ones are adiabatic. The numerical method used is that of finite elements used in the COMSOL calculation code. We first studied pure natural convection, by varying the Rayleigh number from to , then its coupling with surface radiation, by varying the emissivity of the cavity surfaces from 0 to 0.6. The results are presented in the form of isotherms, pressure, current etc. It appears from this study that for a Rayleigh number less than 100, the fluid presents a vertical thermal stratification due to heat transfer only by conduction which does not generate any convective flow. The presence of surface radiation does not modify the equations governing fluid movements but only alternates the thermal boundary conditions. The coupling of natural convection and surface radiation occurs only through thermal boundary conditions. The variation in the emissivity of the walls does not influence the temperature isotherms.
LiZn/Li2O Induced Chemical Confinement Enabling Dendrite‐Free Li‐Metal Anode
Authors: Qian Huaming , Li Xiangyang , Chen Qinchuan , Liu Wen , Zhao Zhu , Ma Zhengdong , Cao Yanyan , Wang Jingjing , Li Wenbin , Xu Kaihua , Zhang Kun , Yan Wei , Zhang Jiujun , Li Xifei 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLi metal has been considered as a potential anode candidate for next‐generation high‐energy Li‐metal batteries, even though the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites shortens their cycling lifespan. Herein, a reliable and dendrite‐free Li‐metal anode is fabricated via inducing chemical confinement based on an atomic layer deposited lithiophilic ZnO in situ generating LiZn/Li2O arrays. In a configuration, the arrays consisting of uniformly distributed LiZn and Li2O phases, the lithiophilic Li2O phases with favorable Li diffusion barrier guarantee the preferential Li nucleation and prevent the Li diffusion to some sites with uneven charge accumulation. Furthermore, these functional LiZn/Li2O configurations with satisfied localized free electron distribution can effectively decompose the Li clusters to prevent Li aggregation. Meanwhile, the electron‐conductive LiZn phases ensure efficient electron transfer throughout the configuration. Therefore, the LiZn/Li2O‐derived chemical confinement enables uniform Li deposition. Consequently, the as‐prepared Li‐metal anode presents an overpotential <45 mV at 15 mA cm−2 in the symmetrical cells. Moreover, the preferable cycling stability and rate capability are delivered by the as‐assembled cells with a LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathode. It is believed that the strategy proposed here can be also beneficial to other effective chemical confinement systems for fabricating high‐performance Li metal anode.
Producing a Room Temperature Phosphorescent Film from Natural Wood Using a Top‐Down Approach
Authors: Liu Ruixia , Guo Hongda , Cao Mengnan , Dang Ben , Zhai Yingxiang , Liu Shouxin , Li Shujun , Li Jian , James Tony D. , Chen Zhijun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProducing mechanic robust and sustainable room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) films in a convenient manner is a fundamental requirement but remains challenging. Here, an efficient “top‐down” method for processing natural wood into RTP films is developed. Specifically, natural wood is partially delignified to increase its processability in the first step. After that, the treated wood is converted to W‐film with a tensile strength of 273.6 MPa via mechanical pressing. The lignin units are well confined by cellulose in the W‐film, triggering RTP emission with a lifetime of ≈241.9 ms. Additionally, the W‐film exhibits good processability and energy transfer properties with Rhodamine B (RhB). Therefore, a series of multifunctional afterglow 2D and 3D RTP materials are constructed using W‐film as a building block. This research is expected to result in a convenient and sustainable method for the preparation of RTP films.
Conductive Microgel Annealed Scaffolds Enhance Myogenic Potential of Myoblastic Cells
Authors: Casella Alena , Lowen Jeremy , Griffin Katherine H. , Shimamoto Nathan , Ramos‐Rodriguez David H. , Panitch Alyssa , Leach J. Kent 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConductive biomaterials may capture native or exogenous bioelectric signaling, but incorporation of conductive moieties is limited by cytotoxicity, poor injectability, or insufficient stimulation. Microgel annealed scaffolds are promising as hydrogel‐based materials due to their inherent void space that facilitates cell migration and proliferation better than nanoporous bulk hydrogels. Conductive microgels are generated from poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) to explore the interplay of void volume and conductivity on myogenic differentiation. PEDOT: PSS increases microgel conductivity two‐fold while maintaining stiffness, annealing strength, and viability of associated myoblastic cells. C2C12 myoblasts exhibit increases in the late‐stage differentiation marker myosin heavy chain as a function of both porosity and conductivity. Myogenin, an earlier marker, is influenced only by porosity. Human skeletal muscle‐derived cells exhibit increased Myod1, insulin like growth factor‐1, and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 at earlier time points on conductive microgel scaffolds compared to non‐conductive scaffolds. They also secrete more vascular endothelial growth factor at early time points and express factors that led to macrophage polarization patterns observe during muscle repair. These data indicate that conductivity aids myogenic differentiation of myogenic cell lines and primary cells, motivating the need for future translational studies to promote muscle repair.
The Synthesis of (E)‐Vinyl and Alkynyl Sulfones by the Formation of an Electron Donor‐Acceptor Complex Using Thiosulfonates and Sodium Iodide Under Visible Light
Authors: Cao Kun , Zhang Naiyou , Lin Li , Shen Qing , Jiang Hezhong , Li Jiahong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractA method for the synthesis of (E)‐vinyl sulfones and alkynyl sulfones through the cleavage of thiosulfonate promoted by the formation of EDA complexes under visible light irradiation at room temperature without the need for other metal catalysts is described. The mechanism study shows that sodium iodide and thiosulfonate form EDA complexes under visible light irradiation, resulting in a single‐electron transfer cleavage to generate sulfonyl radicals, which then react with olefins or alkynes to produce (E)‐vinyl sulfones or alkynyl sulfones, respectively. This method is applicable to 44 olefin and alkyne substrates, with yields ranging from 38% to 90%, providing a radical synthesis approach for the preparation of sulfonylated compounds.
Mg(II)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation for the Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinoline Motifs: Applications and DFT Studies
Authors: Yang Tao , Qin Yibo , Wang Yaping , Song Fu , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Wang Teng , Zhang Guangwu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractMg‐catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reactions between 2‐aminobenzaldehydes and ynones offered an array of 2‐arylquinoline motifs merged with a CF3‐acyl group. Furthermore, with Mg‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation as the key step, DDD107498, DDD102542, and Hit analogues were assembled. Finally, a computational study of the reaction mechanism was conducted.
Cyclisation of Alkynyl Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Mediated by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Copper(I) Complexes
Authors: Pimpasri Chaleena , Luo Xiurong , Yang Shuai , Díez‐González Silvia 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe cyclisation of alkynyl alcohols and carboxylic acids in the presence of a [Cu(NHC)2]X complex is reported. The reactions were carried out in technical grade toluene in the presence of air with a catalyst that is readily accessible. N‐Heterocyclic carbenes are recognised for stabilising metal centres in a range of oxidation states, and this work further supports that NHCs can also be used as activation sites in air and moisture stable yet active catalysts.
Why Hydrogen Dissociation Catalysts do not Work for Hydrogenation of Magnesium
Authors: Kazaz Selim , Billeter Emanuel , Longo Filippo , Borgschulte Andreas , Łodziana Zbigniew 
Published: December 2023

AbstractProvision of atomic hydrogen by hydrogen dissociation catalysts only moderately accelerates the hydrogenation rate of magnesium. They shed light on this well‐known but technically challenging fact through a combined approach using an unconventional surface science technique together with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The calculations demonstrate the drastic electronic structure changes during transformation of Mg to MgH2, which make fractional hydrogen coverage on the surface, as well as substoichiometric hydrogen content in the bulk energetically unfavorable. Reflecting Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS) is used to measure the surface and bulk plasmon during hydrogen sorption in magnesium. The measurements show that the hydrogenation proceeds via the growth of magnesium hydride without the presence of chemisorbed hydrogen on the metallic magnesium surface exactly as indicated by the calculations. This is due to the low stability of sub‐stoichiometric amounts of chemisorbed H correlating with the unfavorable charge state of Mg. They are merely bound to the unchanged adjacent Mg layers, thereby explaining the failure of classical hydrogenation catalysts, which effectively only hydrogenate Mg in their direct vicinity. The acceleration of hydrogen sorption kinetics in Mg must affect the polarization in the interface between Mg and MgH2 during hydrogenation.
An Alternating Current Electroosmotic Flow‐Based Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Microfluidic System for Ultrafast Monitoring, Detection of Proteins/miRNAs in Unprocessed Samples
Authors: Xiong Huiwen , Zhu Chenxin , Dai Changhao , Ye Xin , Li Yuanyuan , Li Pintao , Yang Shuang , Ashraf Ghazala , Wei Dacheng , Chen Hui , Shen Huali , Kong Jilie , Fang Xueen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis of acute diseases is restricted by the sensitivity and complex process of sample treatment. Here, an ultrasensitive, rapid, and portable electrochemiluminescence‐microfluidic (ECL‐M) system is described via sandwich‐type immunoassay and surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) assay. Using a sandwich immunoreaction approach, the ECL‐M system employs cardiac troponin‐I antigen (cTnI) as a detection model with a Ru@SiO2 NPs labeled antibody as the signal probe. For miR‐499‐5p detection, gold nanoparticles generate SPR effects to enhance Ru(bpy)32+ ECL signals. The system based on alternating current (AC) electroosmotic flow achieves an LOD of 2 fg mL−1 for cTnI in 5 min and 10 aM for miRNAs in 10 min at room temperature. The point‐of‐care testing (POCT) device demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity for cTnI detection in 123 clinical serum samples. For miR‐499‐5p, it exhibited 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity in 55 clinical serum samples. Continuous monitoring of these biomarkers in rats' saliva, urine, and interstitial fluid samples for 48 hours revealed observations rarely documented in biotic fluids. The ECL‐M POCT device stands as a top‐performing system for ECL analysis, offering immense potential for ultrasensitive, rapid, highly accurate, and facile detection and monitoring of acute diseases in POC settings.
Ultrafast Non‐Equilibrium Phase Transition Induced Twin Boundaries of Spinel Lithium Manganate
Authors: Guo Zhaoxin , Jiang Haoran , Sun Xinyuan , Li Xinbo , Liu Zhedong , Zhang Jingchao , Luo Jiawei , Zhang Jinfeng , Tao Xian‐Sen , Ding Jianxu , Han Xiaopeng , Liu Rui , Chen Yanan , Hu Wenbin 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDefect engineering is demonstrated to be an important factor in enhancing the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries by improving structural stability and ion diffusion. However, conventional synthetic methods have long and complicated processes, making it challenging to effectively and easily introduce defects into electrode materials. In this work, a high‐temperature shock technique (HTS) with an ultrafast heating and cooling process that can quickly introduce twin boundaries (TBs) into phase‐pure spinel LiMn2O4 in seconds is reported. Various ex situ techniques reveal the crystallization mechanism of LiMn2O4 during ultrafast synthesis. LiMn2O4 with TBs exhibits a higher rate performance than that obtained from the traditional method. Additionally, alien elements can be evenly incorporated into LiMn2O4 in seconds, resulting in excellent cycling performance. For instance, 2% Ni‐doped LiMn2O4 shows an initial capacity of 121 mAh g−1 and retention of 86.5% after 500 cycles at 1 C.
Structural and functional damage to neuronal nuclei caused by extracellular tau oligomers
Authors: Sun Xuehan , Eastman Guillermo , Shi Yu , Saibaba Subhi , Oliveira Ana K. , Lukens John R. , Norambuena Andrés , Thompson Joseph A. , Purdy Michael D. , Dryden Kelly , Pardo Evelyn , Mandell James W. , Bloom George S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONNeuronal nuclei are normally smoothly surfaced. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, though, they often develop invaginations. We investigated mechanisms and functional consequences of neuronal nuclear invagination in tauopathies.METHODSNuclear invagination was assayed by immunofluorescence in the brain, and in cultured neurons before and after extracellular tau oligomer (xcTauO) exposure. Nucleocytoplasmic transport was assayed in cultured neurons. Gene expression was investigated using nanoString nCounter technology and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTSInvaginated nuclei were twice as abundant in human AD as in cognitively normal adults, and were increased in mouse neurodegeneration models. In cultured neurons, nuclear invagination was induced by xcTauOs by an intracellular tau‐dependent mechanism. xcTauOs impaired nucleocytoplasmic transport, increased histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 9, and altered gene expression, especially by increasing tau mRNA.DISCUSSIONxcTauOs may be a primary cause of nuclear invagination in vivo, and by extension, impair nucleocytoplasmic transport and induce pathogenic gene expression changes.Highlights
Extracellular tau oligomers (xcTauOs) cause neuronal nuclei to invaginate.
xcTauOs alter nucleocytoplasmic transport, chromatin structure, and gene expression.
The most upregulated gene is MAPT, which encodes tau.
xcTauOs may thus drive a positive feedback loop for production of toxic tau.
Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of 1,2‐Diketones Catalyzed by Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Liu Ting , Meng Wei , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric reduction of 1,2‐diketones for the synthesis of optically active 1,2‐diols, especially 1,2‐anti‐diols, remains a formidable challenge. In this paper, we describe the first highly stereoselective hydrosilylation of unsymmetrical vicinal diketones with PhSiH3 by using a chiral frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyst, giving a variety of 1,2‐diaryl‐1,2‐anti‐diols in high yields with excellent d.r. values and up to 97 % ee. The chiral FLP catalyst exhibits the ability to control regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselectivites concurrently.
Highly Selective Ammonia Oxidation on BiVO4 Photoanodes Co‐catalyzed by Trace Amounts of Copper Ions
Authors: Wu Lei , Li Qianqian , Dang Kun , Tang Daojian , Chen ChunCheng , Zhang Yuchao , Zhao Jincai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractHigh‐efficient photoelectrocatalytic direct ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR) conducted on semiconductor photoanodes remains a substantial challenge. Herein, we develop a strategy of simply introducing ppm levels of Cu ions (0.5–10 mg/L) into NH3 solutions to significantly improve the AOR photocurrent of bare BiVO4 photoanodes from 3.4 to 6.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE, being close to the theoretical maximum photocurrent of BiVO4 (7.5 mA cm−2). The surface charge‐separation efficiency has reached 90 % under a low bias of 0.8 VRHE. This AOR exhibits a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.8 % with the water oxidation reaction (WOR) being greatly suppressed. N2 is the main AOR product with FEs of 71.1 % in aqueous solutions and FEs of 100 % in non‐aqueous solutions. Through mechanistic studies, we find that the formation of Cu−NH3 complexes possesses preferential adsorption on BiVO4 surfaces and efficiently competes with WOR. Meanwhile, the cooperation of BiVO4 surface effect and Cu‐induced coordination effect activates N−H bonds and accelerates the first rate‐limiting proton‐coupled electron transfer for AOR. This simple strategy is further extended to other photoanodes and electrocatalysts.
Effect of supercritical nitrogen content on the weld lines and mechanical properties of microcellular injection molded double gate PP/Al parts
Authors: Li Xi‐jue , Zuo Ze‐mian , Mi Hao‐Yang , Chen You‐fu , Wang Ju‐wei , Gu Lai‐fa , Dong Bin‐bin , Liu Chun‐tai , Shen Chang‐yu 
Published: December 2023

AbstractInjection molding products made of aluminum flakes and polymer blends exhibit a distinctive esthetic effect. However, during the filling process, the melt flows in different directions converge and collide, resulting in the flop effect of the aluminum flake and consequent weld line formation. Herein, microcellular injection molding (MIM) was employed to fabricate polypropylene/aluminum flakes (PP/Al) composite foamed parts with distinct weld lines using supercritical nitrogen (scN2) as the physical blowing agent. The scN2 content has a significant effect on cell diameter and cell density. When the scN2 content was 0.6%, the weld line width of the foamed part was 13.03 μm, while it was 30.41 μm for the solid counterpart due to the expansion and rupture of cells in the flow front during filling. Moreover, the orientation of Al flakes was mostly along the flow direction for the foamed parts, while it was generally aligned perpendicular to the flow direction for solid parts in the weld line region. In addition, the flexural modulus of foamed parts was increased by 29% compared with the solid parts, although the tensile strength was reduced by 18% due to the alignment of Al flakes and the stress concentration on the cell walls. Therefore, this work provides insight into the improvement of flexural property and the mitigation of weld lines for injection molded composite parts using MIM.
Comprehensive analysis of the circular RNA expression profile and circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network in the goat skin with divergent wool curvature
Authors: Su Yingxiao , Zhao Zhanqiang , Liu Zhanfa , Li Xiaobo , Chen Qian , Pu Yabin , Jiang Lin , He Xiaohong , Ma Yuehui , Zhao Qianjun 
Published: December 2023

AbstractWool curvature is one of the most valuable characteristics of Zhongwei goat fur. As the goats grow, the curvature progressively diminishes, which has a substantial impact on the quality and market value of wool. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA and play vital roles in animal growth and development. However, the expression and function of circRNAs in the wool curvature of Zhongwei goats are unclear. In our study, we conducted circRNA expression profiling of Zhongwei goat skin exhibiting divergent curvature wool phenotypes at two developmental stages using the RNA‐seq. In total, 12,682 circRNAs and 158 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs) were identified. KEGG analysis illustrated that host genes of DE circRNAs were significantly enriched in the signaling pathways of Ras, JAK/STAT5, and cAMP, which might affect wool curvature. We further validated five circRNAs using qRT‐PCR, which were consistent with the sequencing results. Functional verification assay demonstrated that circRNA8782 regulated fibroblast proliferation. In addition, we constructed a regulatory competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and predicted circRNA3173‐miR‐16b‐5p‐IGF1 axes involved in the regulation of wool curvature. Our result will provide the foundation for uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of underlying wool curvature patterns in goats.
Magnetic hydroxyapatite nanobelt‐stem cell hybrid spheroids for remotely patterning bone tissues
Authors: Hao Min , Wang Wenhan , Kumar Anil , Kamaruddin Wan Hairul Anuar , Saidin Syafiqah , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Claverie Jerome , Liu Hong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe low survival rate and poor differentiation efficiency of stem cells, as well as the insufficient integration of implanted stem cells, limit the regeneration of bone defects. Here, we have developed magnetic ferroferric oxide‐hydroxyapatite‐polydopamine (Fe3O4‐HAp‐PDA) nanobelts to assemble mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into a three‐dimensional hybrid spheroid for patterning bone tissue. These nanobelts, which are featured by their high‐aspect ratio and contain Fe3O4 nanospheres with a PDA coating, can be manipulated by a magnetic field and foster enhanced cell‐nanobelt interactions. This strategy has been demonstrated to be effective for both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, enabling remote manipulation of stem cell spheroids and efficient spheroid fusion, which in turn accelerates osteogenic differentiation. Consequently, this methodology serves as an efficient and general tool for bone tissue printing and can potentially overcome the low survival rate and poor differentiation efficiency of stem cells, as well as mismatched interface fusion issues.
A dynamic framework to align company climate reporting and action with global climate targets
Authors: Christy Anna , Elnahass Marwa , Amezaga Jaime , Browne Anthony , Heidrich Oliver 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThere are global aspirations to reach net zero emissions, which triggered the development of standards, guidance and tools to measure and manage climate action across countries, sectors and companies. However, carbon accounting inaccuracies, ambiguous emissions disclosures and unambitious climate targets are hampering these aspirations. This paper reports on the disparity between high‐level guidance and practical implementation of carbon accounting and reporting at company level. By conducting a systematic literature analysis and focussing on the English Water sector, we utilise case study data from Northumbrian Water Limited (NWL), to identify limitations in the current guidance and frameworks. The results indicate the necessity for enhanced alignment in high‐level guidance, particularly regarding the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the Science‐Based Target Initiative. It is evident that clarity and consistency from high‐level resources are essential for climate mitigation. This paper shows, depending on the sector and company types, that different benefits are gained from using the available resources. We propose a carbon measurement and management process for the English Water sector (and beyond) to reach net zero targets and make recommendations for decision makers. This helps to understand best practices of carbon accounting and reporting and to make effective investment decisions. Consequently, we advocate for policy interventions to improve the standardisation of carbon accounting models. Harmonising international regulatory frameworks and standards is needed, which will empower organisations to effectively assess, manage and reduce their carbon footprints.