bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review on how primary care electronic medical record data have been used for antimicrobial stewardship
Authors: Cheah Ron , Chen Caroline , Capurro Daniel , Manski-Nankervis Jo-Anne , Rozova Vlada , Thursky Karin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective:
This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence from current literature to describe how Electronic Medical Record (EMR) primary care data have been used for antimicrobial stewardship activities internationally.

Design:
Systematic literature review.

Methods:
We searched Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 2013 to September 23, 2023 to retrieve studies that included concepts of “antimicrobial stewardship,” “primary care,” and “electronic medical records.” We used narrative synthesis to classify and interpret results. Data were grouped and tabulated by similar themes and concepts, including strengths, facilitators, barriers, and limitations for antimicrobial stewardship.

Results:
A total of 265 articles were identified from the initial search, of which 34 full-text articles from 10 countries met all criteria and were included in the review. Six categories of EMR data use were identified from the studies, these were for: assessing antimicrobial prescribing quality, measuring the effectiveness of an intervention, analyzing antimicrobial prescribing trends, assessing patient and provider characteristics in prescribing, evaluating novel tools or measures, and measuring specific conditions and outcomes. Facilitators of use of EMR data were generally well-described across the studies reviewed; however, barriers were not. Barriers described were centered around EMR system design and technical challenges in data extraction. Completeness of EMR data was the most consistently described limitation.

Conclusions:
Our study highlights the range of uses of EMR data in supporting AMS in primary care internationally, and its strengths, facilitators, and barriers to use.
Generic stabilizers for simple algebraic groups acting on orthogonal and symplectic Grassmannians
Authors: Rizzoli Aluna 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider faithful actions of simple algebraic groups on self-dual irreducible modules and on the associated varieties of totally singular subspaces, under the assumption that the dimension of the group is at least as large as the dimension of the variety. We prove that in all but a finite list of cases, there is a dense open subset where the stabilizer of any point is conjugate to a fixed subgroup, called the generic stabilizer. We use these results to determine whether there exists a dense orbit. This in turn lets us complete the answer to the problem of determining all pairs of maximal connected subgroups of a classical group with a dense double coset.
Abelian supplements in almost simple groups
Authors: Costantini Mauro , Lucchini Andrea , Nemmi Daniele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLet G be an almost simple group with socle
$G_0$
. In this paper we prove that whenever
$G/G_0$
is abelian, then there exists an abelian subgroup A of G such that
$G=AG_0$
. We propose a few applications of this structural property of almost simple groups.
A cone conjecture for log Calabi-Yau surfaces
Authors: Li Jennifer 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe consider log Calabi-Yau surfaces
$(Y, D)$
with singular boundary. In each deformation type, there is a distinguished surface
$(Y_e,D_e)$
such that the mixed Hodge structure on
$H_2(Y \setminus D)$
is split. We prove that (1) the action of the automorphism group of
$(Y_e,D_e)$
on its nef effective cone admits a rational polyhedral fundamental domain; and (2) the action of the monodromy group on the nef effective cone of a very general surface in the deformation type admits a rational polyhedral fundamental domain. These statements can be viewed as versions of the Morrison cone conjecture for log Calabi–Yau surfaces. In addition, if the number of components of D is no greater than six, we show that the nef cone of
$Y_e$
is rational polyhedral and describe it explicitly. This provides infinite series of new examples of Mori Dream Spaces.
Synthetically generated text for supervised text analysis
Authors: Halterman Andrew 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Large language models are a powerful tool for conducting text analysis in political science, but using them to annotate text has several drawbacks, including high cost, limited reproducibility, and poor explainability. Traditional supervised text classifiers are fast and reproducible, but require expensive hand annotation, which is especially difficult for rare classes. This article proposes using LLMs to generate synthetic training data for training smaller, traditional supervised text models. Synthetic data can augment limited hand annotated data or be used on its own to train a classifier with good performance and greatly reduced cost. I provide a conceptual overview of text generation, guidance on when researchers should prefer different techniques for generating synthetic text, a discussion of ethics, a simple technique for improving the quality of synthetic text, and an illustration of its limitations. I demonstrate the usefulness of synthetic training through three validations: synthetic news articles describing police responses to communal violence in India for training an event detection system, a multilingual corpus of synthetic populist manifesto statements for training a sentence-level populism classifier, and generating synthetic tweets describing the fighting in Ukraine to improve a named entity system.
Scholar Activism: When Our Bodies Stand by Our Ideas
Authors: Picq Manuela L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Should it feel good to get an award for scholar activism? As well-intentioned the recognition of my activism is, it misses the point of what activism is by singling out one person, especially a scholar. The danger with claiming scholar activism as heroic is twofold. First, it makes activists exceptional, implying that society may rely on exceptional individuals instead of valuing the collective work. Second, it glorifies the activism of scholars, as if it were more valuable than that of others while ignoring the hierarchies that empower and protect academia. Instead, we must normalize scholar activism, sharing the load and using our bodies as shields. We’ll join the work of activism in constellation and value the power of emotions, embodying our ideas as we grow into activist scholars.
Early Holocene interaction of aeolian, alluvial, and lacustrine processes in a dune-dammed valley in the central Nebraska Sand Hills
Authors: Mahoney Gosia , Mandel Rolfe D. , Hanson Paul R. , Fritz Sherilyn C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The stratigraphic record of the Early Holocene in the Nebraska Sand Hills suggests dry climatic conditions and periods of sustained aeolian activity, which resulted in several well-documented instances of sand dunes blocking river drainages in the western Sand Hills. Here, we present evidence that drainage blockage by migrating sand dunes also occurred in the central Sand Hills, where precipitation is higher and dune morphology differs. The South Fork Dismal River valley contains a sequence of aeolian, alluvial, and lacustrine sediments that record a gradual rise of the local water table following a sand dune blockage of the river valley around 11,000 years ago. After the initial development of a wetland, a lake formed and persisted for at least 2000 years. Increased groundwater discharge due to a warm, moist climate in the region after 6500 years ago likely caused the breaching of the dune dam and eventually resulted in the decline of the local water table. Through a careful examination of the intricate relationships between ground water, surface water, and sand movement in a dune field setting, we discuss the hydrologic system's complex response to climate change. We use diatoms to reconstruct the lacustrine environment and optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating to provide chronological control, based on a careful evaluation of the strengths and limitations of each method in varied depositional environments.
Exit Polls in Canada: A Methodological Note
Authors: Bodet Marc André , Laflamme Lydia , Brie Evelyne , Ouellet Catherine 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite their numerous advantages, exit polls are not a common tool in the study of Canadian electoral behaviour. In this methodological note, we use data from two pilot projects to test small-scale exit polls’ accuracy when estimating party support. We mobilize exit-polling data collected in the 2018 Quebec provincial election (four voting locations) and the 2019 federal election in Quebec (two voting locations). We focus on chance error and bias error in small samples. Results obtained using parametric linear models suggest that small sample exit polls achieve relatively precise estimations. We do find, however, that right-of-the-centre parties’ vote share tends to be underestimated. These findings shed light on the strengths and shortcomings of small-scale exit polls in Canada.
What Happened to Nancy Jackson? A Riddle of Race and Resistance on the Southern Frontier
Authors: Walker Anders 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In 1788, Andrew Jackson acquired an enslaved woman named Nancy. According to most accounts, Nancy followed Jackson from Jonesborough, Tennessee to Nashville and lived out the rest of her days at the Hermitage. Except she did not. A close review of the legal record suggests that Nancy never made it to Nashville and either left Jackson somewhere along the Wilderness Road or died at his hands trying to escape. Her act of resistance, this article posits, may have profoundly affected Jackson's views of race and sex on the southern frontier.
Southern Revival: Mario Costa, Operetta and Neapolitan Song
Authors: Rindom Ditlev 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Naples suffered a significant loss of political and economic power following Italian unification, a decline seemingly echoed by the collapse of its opera buffa tradition. Yet Naples played a central role in generating an Italian operetta tradition across entertainment venues both old and new, with canzone napoletana becoming a key feature of operettas composed (and performed) across Italy. This article explores the crucial contribution of Naples and the Neapolitan song tradition to the development of Italian operetta, focusing particularly on composer Mario Costa. Neapolitan operetta, I argue, reveals the complex interplay between regional, national and international practices and discourses in constructions of ‘native’ Italian operetta, while exposing the generic and aesthetic ambiguity of Italian operetta within shifting hierarchies and changing repertoires c.1900. At the same time, the study of key figures such as Costa can revise and reorientate musical narratives of Liberal Italy that have typically focused on opera, the Giovane Scuola and the North.
Evaluation of an updated educational intervention on nutritional care to prevent undernutrition among older adults in primary health care
Authors: Berggren Erika , Sandlund Christina , Samuelsson Liisa , Lundh Lena 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate district nurses’ perceived and factual knowledge about nutritional care after an updated and expanded educational intervention. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the outcomes of the revised and the original educational intervention.

Background:
In-depth knowledge of nutritional care is a prerequisite to supporting older adults’ well-being and health. District nurses’ actual knowledge of the nutrition care process, older adults’ need for food, and palliative care in diverse phases of disease is therefore of utmost importance. An updated and expanded educational intervention meeting these needs was evaluated.

Methods:
A study-specific questionnaire about nutritional care was used before and after the educational intervention. Participants (n = 118) were district nurses working in primary health care in Region Stockholm. Additionally, a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was used to assess differences in learning outcomes of the revised intervention compared with the original intervention.

Findings:
District nurses who completed the questionnaire had worked in health care for about 18 years and as district nurses for 5 years after their specialist examination. After the revised educational intervention, significant improvements were found in all statements concerning perceived challenges and actions related to nutritional care, while questions about factual knowledge showed significant improvements in three of the four questions.
Comparison between the revised and the original intervention revealed no differences in most areas of perceived challenges and actions related to nutritional care. Additionally, in half of the areas assessed, factual knowledge improved more after the revision than after the original educational intervention, including the maximum length of overnight fast and the type of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) that should be prescribed.

Conclusion:
The intervention was successful in increasing knowledge about nutritional care, nutritional counselling, food adaptation, and prescribing ONS in an individually tailored way. In-depth knowledge supports usability in clinical practice. Nevertheless, we need to follow-up and understand how increased knowledge about undernutrition and ONS prescription are implemented in primary health care when caring for older adults’ desires and needs.
ELders AT Ease (ELATE): a description of adapting cognitive behaviour therapy for treating mental health issues in nursing homes
Authors: Koder Deborah , Bhar Sunil , Armstrong Renee , Joffe Ryan , Silver Mark , Linossier Jenny , Collins Rebecca , Dunkerley Sofie , Waloszek Joanna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite high levels of depression and anxiety, there is relatively little attention to psychological treatment approaches to mental health issues for older adults living in nursing homes. Recent studies support the use of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) in this population and here we aim to highlight how CBT can be successfully adapted and implemented with beneficial results. The ELders AT Ease (ELATE) program is a unique service delivery model illustrating delivery of CBT with older adults living in nursing homes. The six modules forming the program, based on CBT, are described. A systems wide approach to delivery is emphasised and illustrated through two clinical case descriptions. Innovative mental health programs can have positive benefits for both residents and staff and support the use of CBT in this vulnerable and under-served client group.

Key learning aims

(1)
Knowledge of the content and application of CBT for older adults living in nursing homes.

(2)
Understanding of CBT session structure as applied to older adults living in nursing homes.

(3)
Recognising and utilising specific strategies to highlight a systemic approach as central to implementing CBT strategies, such as behavioural activation and reminiscence, with considered involvement by staff and family.
Holy day surveys and political attitudes in Israel
Authors: Ridge Hannah M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Researchers regularly use large survey studies to examine public political opinion. Surveys running over days and months will necessarily incorporate religious occasions that can introduce variation in public opinion. Using recent survey data from Israel, this study demonstrates that giving surveys on religious occasions (e.g., the Sabbath, Hannukah, Sukkot) can elicit different opinion responses. These effects are found among both religious and non-religious respondents. While incorporating these fluctuations is realistic in longer-term surveys, surveys fielded in a short window inadvertently drawing heavily on a holiday or holy day sample may bias their findings. This study thus urges researchers to be cognizant of ambient religious context when conducting survey studies.
Subduction‐Related Volcanic Activity as a Proxy for Global Subduction Flux Over the Past Billion Years, and Its Correlation With Geomagnetic Superchrons
Authors: Besse Jean , Gallet Yves 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe investigate the frequency of subduction‐related volcanic events over the past billion years. Our analysis reveals distinct peaks and troughs interpreted as significant fluctuations in global subduction flux. This approach has the advantage of being independent of paleogeographic reconstructions. However, it does not provide information on the spatial distribution of thermal heterogeneities at the core‐mantle boundary. This likely explains why the long‐term evolution of global subduction flux does not correlate in any simple way with the frequency of geomagnetic polarity reversals throughout the Phanerozoic. As an additional parameter, we suggest focusing on how variations in the Earth's inertia, due to changing subduction configurations over time, influence the thermal conditions at the core‐mantle boundary and, consequently, the magnetic reversal frequency.
Diurnal timing of physical activity in relation to obesity and diabetes in the German National Cohort (NAKO)
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Weber Andrea , Bamberg Fabian , Baurecht Hansjörg , Berger Klaus , Bohmann Patricia , Brenner Hermann , Brummer Julian , Dörr Marcus , Fischer Beate , Gastell Sylvia , Greiser Karin Halina , Harth Volker , Hebestreit Antje , Heise Jana-Kristin , Herbolsheimer Florian , Ittermann Till , Karch André , Keil Thomas , Kluttig Alexander , Krist Lilian , Michels Karin B. , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Nauck Matthias , Nimptsch Katharina , Obi Nadia , Pischon Tobias , Pivovarova-Ramich Olga , Schikowski Tamara , Schmidt Börge , Schulze Matthias B. , Steindorf Karen , Zylla Stephanie , Leitzmann Michael F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Physical activity supports weight regulation and metabolic health, but its timing in relation to obesity and diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to assess the diurnal timing of physical activity and its association with obesity and diabetes.

Methods
We cross-sectionally analyzed hip-worn accelerometry data from 61,116 participants aged 20–75 in the German National Cohort between 2015 and 2019. We divided physical activity into sex- and age-standardized quartiles of total morning (06:00–11:59), afternoon (12:00–17:59), evening (18:00–23:59), and nighttime (00:00–06:00) physical activity. Using multivariable logistic regression, we estimated associations of physical activity timing with obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and diabetes (self-reported or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). We accounted for sex, age, study region, education, employment, risky alcohol use, smoking, night shift work, and sleep duration.

Results
High afternoon (top vs. bottom quartile, OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.33–0.38) and evening physical activity (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42–0.48) showed lower obesity odds than high morning activity (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66–0.76), whereas nighttime activity increased obesity odds (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.48–1.68). Associations were similar for diabetes, with the lowest odds for afternoon (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.42–0.53), followed by evening (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.50–0.62) and morning activity (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71–0.89), and higher odds for nighttime activity (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29–1.58). Findings were not modified by employment status, night shift work, and sleep duration.

Conclusions
Our cross-sectional findings require longitudinal corroboration but suggest afternoon and evening activity provide greater metabolic health benefits than morning activity, while nighttime activity is discouraged.
Non-invasive assessment of intracranial compliance in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: an MRI-ICP study
Authors: Sassani Matilde , Mitchell James L. , Yiangou Andreas , Davies Nigel , Sawlani Vijay , Mollan Susan P. , Wagshul Mark E. , Sinclair Alexandra J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background/objectives
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disease which threatens vision and causes disabling headaches, affecting women of childbearing age with obesity. It is characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP), measured invasively either with lumbar punctures or intracranially-inserted monitors. There is an unmet clinical need to develop non-invasive means to assess ICP. This study aims to utilise the MRI-ICP imaging technique to measure intracranial compliance index and assess its suitability as surrogate biomarker of ICP.

Subjects/methods
Nine IIH patients and ten age, sex, and body mass index matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent lumbar puncture, visual assessments, detailed headache phenotyping, and MRI-ICP scans to calculate intracranial compliance index at baseline. Following treatment, patients were invited to attend a one-year visit when all assessments were repeated.

Results
There was significant (p = 0.017) reduction in intracranial compliance index in IIH (mean = 1006.0 cc/mmHg/cm, SD = ± 384.6 cc/mmHg/cm) compared to controls (mean = 1493.0 cc/mmHg/cm, SD = ± 411.8 cc/mmHg/cm), inversely correlating with lumbar puncture opening pressure (r = −0.502, p = 0.029). A significant inverse correlation between compliance index and headache disability was also found (r = −0.458, p = 0.049) and a trend for an association between lower compliance index and increased frequency of headaches (r = −0.430, p = 0.066). This latter became significant (p = 0.018) after accounting for use of analgesics. Following successful treatment, compliance index was increased in all patients at one year (mean of differences = 380.7 cc/mmHg/cm, p = 0.031).

Conclusions
This is the first study to apply the MRI-ICP technique longitudinally in IIH. It illustrates reduced intracranial compliance index in IIH, correlating with opening pressure and headache disability and ameliorating with treatment.
The closing longevity gap between battery electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles in Great Britain
Authors: Nguyen-Tien Viet , Zhang Chengyu , Strobl Eric , Elliott Robert J. R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Electric vehicles are increasingly being adopted in Great Britain and other parts of the world, driven by the perception that they offer a cost-effective alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles while reducing emissions. However, a key element that underpins this perception is the longevity of electric vehicles, which remains relatively under researched. Here we show that although early battery electric vehicles (BEVs) exhibited lower reliability than internal combustion engine vehicles, rapid technological advancements have allowed newer BEVs to achieve comparable lifespans, even under more intensive use. Longevity is also found to be impacted by engine size, location and make of vehicle. We provide parameter estimates for life mileage that can be used to update life cycle assessment and total cost of ownership studies of different vehicle powertrains. Our results also shed light on BEV diffusion patterns, fleet replacement strategies and end-of-life treatment planning, including the increasingly important debate around BEV battery recycling and second-life options.