bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential sensitivities of plant and animal mitochondria to the herbicide paraquat
Authors: Vicente Joaquim A. F. , Peixoto Francisco , Lopes M. Ludovina , Madeira Vítor M. C. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractParaquat herbicide is toxic to animals, including humans, via putative toxicity mechanisms associated to microsomal and mitochondrial redox systems. It is also believed to act in plants by generating highly reactive oxygen free radicals from electrons of photosystem I on exposure to light. Paraquat also acts on non‐chlorophyllous plant tissues, where mitochondria are candidate targets, as in animal tissues. Therefore, we compared the interaction of paraquat with the mitochondrial bioenergetics of potato tuber, using rat liver mitochondria as a reference. Paraquat depressed succinate‐dependent mitochondrial Δψ, with simultaneous stimulation of state 4 O2 consumption. It also induced a slow time‐dependent effect for respiration of succinate, exogenous NADH, and N,N,N',N'‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine (TMPD)/ascorbate, which was more pronounced in rat than in potato mitochondria. However, with potato tuber mitochondria, the Δψ promoted by complex‐I‐dependent respiration is insensitive to this effect, indicating a protection against paraquat radical afforded by complex I redox activity, which was just the reverse of to the findings for rat liver mitochondria. The experimental set up with the tetraphenyl phosphonium (TPP+)‐electrode also indivated production of the paraquat radical in mitochondria, also suggesting its accessibility to the outside space. The different activities of protective antioxidant agents can contribute to explain the different sensitivities of both kinds of mitochondria. Values of SOD activity and α‐tocopherol detected in potato mitochondria were significantly higher than in rat mitochondria, which, in turn, revealed higher values of lipid peroxidation induced by paraquat. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:322–330, 2001
A Management Accounting Framework
Authors: Cokins Gary 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAs nonfinancial managers increasingly need to understand their costs, there is confusion about competing cost
measurement methodologies. Should they choose standard costing, actual costing, throughput costing, or project
costing? The author suggests an overarching framework that supports the three purposes of management:
controlling, directing, and planning. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interferon regulatory factor‐1 mediates interferon‐γ‐induced apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Kim Eun‐Joo , Lee Joon‐Mo , Namkoong Sung‐Eun , Um Soo‐Jong , Park Jong‐Sup 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), as one of interferon family that regulates antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory responses, has been implicated for the growth regulation of ovarian cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms are not yet fully defined. To analyze detailed mechanisms, the ovarian cancer cell lines (2774, PA‐1, OVCAR‐3, and SKOV‐3) were treated with IFN‐γ. The growth of 2774 was most effectively suppressed than that of other cells in both time‐course and dose‐dependent experiments. The order of sensitivity in other cells was PA‐1 ≫ OVCAR‐3 > SKOV‐3 (not responded at all). The DNA fragmentation and DAPI staining assays suggested that the IFN‐γ‐mediated cytotoxicity could be triggered by apoptosis. The treatment induced IFN regulatory factor‐1 (IRF‐1) in two IFN‐γ‐sensitive cells (2774, PA‐1), whereas IRF‐1 was not induced in two IFN‐γ‐resistant cells (OVCAR‐3, SKOV‐3). The levels of p53 and p21WAF1 were not strikingly changed in all four cells. Interestingly, the expression of interleukin‐converting enzyme (ICE, or caspase‐1) was increased by the treatment in a kinetically consistent manner to the induction of IRF‐1. However, CD95 (Fas/APO‐1) was not changed. Apoptosis was greatly induced, when IRF‐1 was transiently expressed in PA‐1 without the treatment of IFN‐γ. However, it was repressed when IRF‐1 together with IRF‐2, an antagonist of IRF‐1, were coexpressed. In addition, the effect of IFN‐γ was reduced in the 2774 and PA‐1 cells stably expressing either IRF‐1 antisense or IRF‐2 sense, as shown by the cytotoxicity and FACS analysis. Furthermore, the IFN‐γ‐induced apoptosis was greatly reduced, when inhibitors of ICE were treated into PA‐1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that IRF‐1 directly mediates the IFN‐γ‐induced apoptosis via the activation of caspase‐1 gene expression in IFN‐γ‐sensitive ovarian cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 85: 369–380, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced cartilage tissue engineering by sequential exposure of chondrocytes to FGF‐2 during 2D expansion and BMP‐2 during 3D cultivation
Authors: Martin Ivan , Suetterlin R. , Baschong W. , Heberer M. , Vunjak‐Novakovic G. , Freed L.E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBovine calf articular chondrocytes, either primary or expanded in monolayers (2D) with or without 5 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2), were cultured on three‐dimensional (3D) biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds with or without 10 ng/ml bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2). Chondrocytes expanded without FGF‐2 exhibited high intensity immunostaining for smooth muscle α‐actin (SMA) and collagen type I and induced shrinkage of the PGA scaffold, thus resembling contractile fibroblasts. Chondrocytes expanded in the presence of FGF‐2 and cultured 6 weeks on PGA scaffolds yielded engineered cartilage with 3.7‐fold higher cell number, 4.2‐fold higher wet weight, and 2.8‐fold higher wet weight glycosaminoglycan (GAG) fraction than chondrocytes expanded without FGF‐2. Chondrocytes expanded with FGF‐2 and cultured on PGA scaffolds in the presence of BMP‐2 for 6 weeks yielded engineered cartilage with similar cellularity and size, 1.5‐fold higher wet weight GAG fraction, and more homogenous GAG distribution than the corresponding engineered cartilage cultured without BMP‐2. The presence of BMP‐2 during 3D culture had no apparent effect on primary chondrocytes or those expanded without FGF‐2. In summary, the presence of FGF‐2 during 2D expansion reduced chondrocyte expression of fibroblastic molecules and induced responsiveness to BMP‐2 during 3D cultivation on PGA scaffolds. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of relativistic density functional methods applied to actinide species AcO22+ and AcF6 for Ac = U, Np
Authors: García‐Hernández Maite , Lauterbach Christa , Krüger Sven , Matveev Alexei , Rösch Notker 
Published: August 2002

AbstractA two‐component relativistic density functional method based on the Douglas‐Kroll‐Hess transformation has been applied to the actinyls and hexafluorides of U and Np. All‐electron scalar relativistic calculations as well as calculations including spin‐orbit interaction have been compared to results obtained with a pseudopotential approach. In addition, several exchange‐correlation potentials have been applied to examine their performance for the bond lengths and vibrational frequencies of the title compounds. The calculations confirm the well‐known accuracy of the LDA approach for geometries and frequencies, which is corroborated for the hexafluorides where gas phase experimental data are available. Comparison with results of accurate wave function based methods provides further confirmation of this finding. Gradient‐corrected functionals tend to overestimate bond lengths and underestimate frequencies also for actinide compounds. The results obtained with Stoll‐Preuss (small core) effective core potentials agree very well with those of all‐electron calculations, while calculations with Hay‐Martin large core pseudopotentials are somewhat less accurate. For all molecules and properties considered, spin‐orbit effects have been found negligible concomitant with the closed‐shell electronic structure of the U(VI) compounds and the open‐shell situation of the Np(VI) compounds with a single valence f electron. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 834–846, 2002
Multiple grid methods for classical molecular dynamics
Authors: Skeel Robert D. , Tezcan Ismail , Hardy David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPresented in the context of classical molecular mechanics and dynamics are multilevel summation methods for the fast calculation of energies/forces for pairwise interactions, which are based on the hierarchical interpolation of interaction potentials on multiple grids. The concepts and details underlying multigrid interpolation are described. For integration of molecular dynamics the use of different time steps for different interactions allows longer time steps for many of the interactions, and this can be combined with multiple grids in space. Comparison is made to the fast multipole method, and evidence is presented suggesting that for molecular simulations multigrid methods may be superior to the fast multipole method and other tree methods. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 673–684, 2002
Computation of the physio‐chemical properties and data mining of large molecular collections
Authors: Cheng Ailan , Diller David J. , Dixon Steven L. , Egan William J. , Lauri George , Merz Kenneth M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVery large data sets of molecules screened against a broad range of targets have become available due to the advent of combinatorial chemistry. This information has led to the realization that ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicity issues are important to consider prior to library synthesis. Furthermore, these large data sets provide a unique and important source of information regarding what types of molecular shapes may interact with specific receptor or target classes. Thus, the requirement for rapid and accurate data mining tools became paramount. To address these issues Pharmacopeia, Inc. formed a computational research group, The Center for Informatics and Drug Discovery (CIDD).* In this review we cover the work done by this group to address both in silico ADME modeling and data mining issues faced by Pharmacopeia because of the availability of a large and diverse collection (over 6 million discrete compounds) of drug‐like molecules. In particular, in the data mining arena we discuss rapid docking tools and how we employ them, and we describe a novel data mining tool based on a 1D representation of a molecule followed by a molecular sequence alignment step. For the ADME area we discuss the development and application of absorption, blood–brain barrier (BBB) and solubility models. Finally, we summarize the impact the tools and approaches might have on the drug discovery process. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 172–183, 2002
Comparison of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition with university students
Authors: Bell Nancy L. , Lassiter Kerry S. , Matthews T. Darin , Hutchinson Melody B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Third Edition (PPVT‐III) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS‐III) using 40 adults who ranged in age from 18 to 41 (mean age of 22 years). Participants were administered the PPVT‐III and WAIS‐III in counterbalanced fashion to control for order effects. Results revealed that the PPVT‐III score was related to the WAIS‐III Verbal IQ (VIQ) and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores but unrelated to the Performance IQ (PIQ) score. In addition, analyses indicated that, while there were no significant differences between the PPVT‐III score and WAIS‐III mean FSIQ and PIQ scores, the PPVT‐III mean score was significantly lower than the WAIS‐III VIQ. Further analysis indicated that the PPVT‐III adequately estimated WAIS‐III FSIQ and VIQ scores for participants who were classified as Average or High Average on the WAIS‐III. However, for participants in the Superior range, the PPVT‐III tended to underestimate FSIQ and VIQ scores by approximately 10 points. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 417–422, 2001.
Naming and verbal memory skills in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Reading Disability
Authors: Rashid Fontina L. , Morris Mary K. , Morris Robin 
Published: August 2002

AbstractResearch suggests that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Reading Disability (RD) can be differentiated based on their performance on measures of naming and verbal memory. It is not known whether this same pattern characterizes adults with these disorders. In this study, adults with and without ADHD and RD were compared on naming and verbal memory abilities. Results did not support the hypothesis that adults with ADHD and RD are significantly different from each other, or from a contrast group, on naming and verbal memory measures after controlling for Full‐Scale IQ (FSIQ). These results were replicated across two sets of classification criteria used to identify diagnostic groups. Factors that could account for the inconsistency in research findings with children and adult subjects are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Clin Psychol 57: 829–838, 2001.
Molecular markers and determinants of prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Gopalkrishnan Rahul V. , Kang Dong‐chul , Fisher Paul B. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAlthough intensely studied, the molecular and biochemical determinants of prostate cancer development and progression remain ill‐defined. Moreover, current markers and methodologies cannot distinguish between a tumor that will remain indolent and not impinge on patient survival, versus a tumor with aggressive traits culminating in metastatic spread and death. Once prostate cancer is confirmed the most significant threat to a patient's survival and quality of life involves tumor metastasis. Radical surgery notwithstanding, prostate cancer accounts for 10% of all cancer‐related deaths primarily arising through development of metastasis. Metastasis markers demonstrating an acceptable level of reliability are an obvious necessity if disproportionate and costly treatment is to be avoided and a reasonably accurate determination of clinical prognosis and measure of successful response to treatment is to be made. Therapeutic strategies that specifically inhibit metastatic spread are not presently possible and may not become available in the immediate future. This is because, while localized tumorigenesis has been relatively amenable to detection, analysis and treatment, metastasis remains a relatively undefined, complex and underexplored area of prostate cancer research. New findings in the field such subclasses of genes called metastasis suppressors and cancer progression suppressors, have opened up exciting avenues of investigation. We review current methodological approaches, model experimental systems and genes presently known or having potential involvement in human prostate cancer metastasis. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of the V3 variant of versican alters arterial smooth muscle cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation in vitro
Authors: Lemire Joan M. , Merrilees Mervyn J. , Braun Kathleen R. , Wight Thomas N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractVersican is an extracellular matrix proteoglycan produced by many cells. Although versican is generally known as a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), the smallest splice variant, V3, consists only of the amino‐ and carboxy‐terminal globular domains and is therefore predicted to be a small glycoprotein, lacking CS chains. The large size, negative charge, and ability of versican variants to form pericellular coats with hyaluronan are responsible for many of its effects. V3, lacking the large size and high charge density, but retaining the hyaluronan‐binding domain of the larger isoforms, may have different effects on cell phenotype. To determine whether V3 alters cell phenotype, Fisher rat arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), which express the larger CSPG versican splice forms (V0 and V1) were retrovirally transduced with the rat V3 cDNA. Northern analysis for versican RNAs confirmed that cells transduced with V3 retrovirus, but not cells tranduced with the empty vector, expressed RNA of the size expected for V3/neor bicistronic RNA. V3 overexpressing cells were more spread on tissue culture plastic, had a smaller length‐to‐breadth ratio and were more resistant to release from the culture dish by trypsin. Interference reflection microscopy of sparsely plated cells showed larger areas of close contact between the V3 expressing cells and the coverslip, in comparison to control cells. Focal contacts in the periphery of V3 expressing cells were larger. Growth and migration studies revealed that V3 transduced cells grow slower and migrate a shorter distance in a scratch wound assay. The increased adhesion and the inhibition of migration and proliferation resulting from V3 overexpression are the opposites of the known and predicted effects of the other variants of versican. V3 may exert these effects through changes in pericellular coat formation, either by competing with larger isoforms for hyaluronan‐binding, or by altering other components of the pericellular matrix. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 38–45, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional analysis of mouse hepatocytes differing in DNA content: Volume, receptor expression, and effect of IFNγ
Authors: Martin Nicola C. , McCullough Christian T. , Bush Peter G. , Sharp Linda , Hall Andrew C. , Harrison David J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractPolyploidy and binuclearity are characteristics of the mammalian liver. Increasing polyploidisation occurs with age and after administration of various drugs and chemicals. This study was designed to examine the function of ploidy by addressing several questions: (1) Does the increase in size of polyploid hepatocytes have any physiological function by altering surface receptor expression such as intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54) or IFNγR? and (2) Do polyploid cells respond differently to inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ)? We have developed a method to accurately measure the volume of live isolated hepatocytes using confocal microscopy and image analysis. Using flow cytometry, we have shown that the expression of ICAM‐1 increases with increasing DNA content and IFNγR is not detectable on isolated mouse hepatocytes. Diploid (2n), tetraploid (4n) and octoploid (8n) hepatocytes were found to be equally susceptible to IFNγ‐induced apoptosis in vitro. Although the function of polyploidy remains unanswered, we have described some of the characteristics of polyploidy in isolated hepatocytes and in vitro. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 138–144, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of cell proliferation by Smad proteins
Authors: Ten Dijke Peter , Goumans Marie‐José , Itoh Fumiko , Itoh Susumu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family members which include TGF‐βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological responses on a large variety of cell types. TGF‐β family members initiate their cellular responses by binding to distinct receptors with intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity and activation of specific downstream intracellular effectors termed Smad proteins. Smads relay the signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus, where they affect the transcription of target genes. Smad activation, subcellular distribution, and stability have been found to be intricately regulated and a broad array of transcription factors have been identified as Smad partners. Important activities of TGF‐β are its potent anti‐mitogenic and pro‐apoptotic effects that, at least in part, are mediated via Smad proteins. Escape from TGF‐β/Smad‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis is frequently observed in tumors. Certain Smads have been found to be mutated in specific types of cancer and gene ablation of particular Smads in mice has revealed increased rate of tumorigenesis. In late stage tumors, TGF‐β has been shown to function as a tumor promoter. TGF‐β can stimulate the de‐differentiation of epithelial cells to malignant invasive and metastatic fibroblastic cells. Interestingly, TGF‐β may mediate these effects directly on tumor cells via subverted Smad‐dependent and/or Smad‐independent pathways. J. Cell. Physiol. 191: 1–16, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cdc7 kinase complex: A key regulator in the initiation of DNA replication
Authors: Masai Hisao , Arai Ken‐Ichi 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDNA replication results from the action of a staged set of highly regulated processes. Among the stages of DNA replication, initiation is the key point at which all the G1 regulatory signals culminate. Cdc7 kinase is the critical regulator for the ultimate firing of the origins of initiation. Cdc7, originally identified in budding yeast and later in higher eukaryotes, forms a complex with a Dbf4‐related regulatory subunit to generate an active kinase. Genetic evidence in mammals demonstrates essential roles for Cdc7 in mammalian DNA replication. Mini‐chromosome maintenance protein (MCM) is the major physiological target of Cdc7. Genetic studies in yeasts indicate additional roles of Cdc7 in meiosis, checkpoint responses, maintenance of chromosome structures, and repair. The interplay between Cdc7 and Cdk, another kinase essential for the S phase, is also discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 190: 287–296, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hsp90: Chaperoning signal transduction
Authors: Richter Klaus , Buchner Johannes 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHsp90 is an ATP dependent molecular chaperone involved in the folding and activation of an unknown number of substrate proteins. These substrate proteins include protein kinases and transcription factors. Consistent with this task, Hsp90 is an essential protein in all eucaryotes. The interaction of Hsp90 with its substrate proteins involves the transient formation of multiprotein complexes with a set of highly conserved partner proteins. The specific function of each component in the processing of substrates is still unknown. Large ATP‐dependent conformational changes of Hsp90 occur during the hydrolysis reaction and these changes are thought to drive the chaperone cycle. Natural inhibitors of the ATPase activity, like geldanamycin and radicicol, block the processing of Hsp90 substrate proteins. As many of these substrates are critical elements in signal transduction, Hsp90 seems to introduce an additional level of regulation. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study on the enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic methyl ibuprofen ester
Authors: Madhav M Venu , Ching C B 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe hydrolysis of racemic methyl ibuprofen ester in the presence of lipase from Candida rugosa was investigated in shake flasks. Experiments were performed to study the effect of temperature, pH and shaking speed on the reaction rate. Different hydrophobic co‐solvents were screened for the highest reaction rate and the presence of enzyme inhibition by substrate and products was examined. A kinetic expression was then proposed to describe the reaction. Kinetic parameters were determined for the optimum operating conditions and the proposed model was verified with the experimental results. Next, this reaction was scaled up to a fed batch stirred tank reactor. Batch reactor and fed batch reactor configurations were compared for better conversions. The effects of aqueous phase hold‐up, substrate concentration and feed flow rate on the conversion of the reaction were also studied. Higher conversions were obtained in a fed batch reactor when compared with the batch reactor. In the fed batch reactor, increased conversions were observed with lower feed flowrates and high aqueous phase hold‐up.© 2001 Society of Chemical Industry