bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of heart surgery on magnesium concentrations in pediatric patients
Authors: HOSHINO KENJI , OGAWA KIYOSHI , HISHITANI TAKASHI , KITAZAWA REIKO 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Background
: There have been only a few investigations into the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the magnesium (Mg) concentrations in pediatric patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the postoperative Mg concentrations and their recovery time to pre‐surgical values in pediatric patients undergoing CPB for surgical repair of congenital heart disease. The incidence of dysrhythmia was also determined.
Methods
: Twenty‐seven pediatric patients undergoing open‐heart surgery with CPB were enrolled in this study. Controls were 23 pediatric patients undergoing palliative surgery without CPB. Serum Mg (SMg) concentrations and ionized Mg (iMg) concentrations were measured at four sample points: 24 h before the surgery, immediately after the surgery, 24 h after the surgery and 48 h after the surgery.
Results
: Serum Mg and iMg concentrations were significantly decreased after open‐heart surgery. Immediately after the surgery, the mean SMg concentration was 64.1% and the mean iMg concentration was 68.8% of the pre‐surgical values. The concentration of iMg showed quicker recovery than that of SMg, and returned to normal range 48 h after surgery. However, SMg and iMg concentrations after palliative surgery did not show significant differences from the pre‐surgical values. The incidence of dysrhythmia was almost the same between the two groups; dysrhythmia was observed in two patients in the open‐heart surgery group and in three patients in the palliative surgery group.
Conclusions
: Mg concentrations showed significant decrease after CPB; however, they showed quick recovery and did not increase the incidence of dysrhythmia in pediatric patients.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of mutant hexosaminidase A in a Turkish family
Authors: SİNİCİ İNCİLAY , ÖZKARA H.ASUMAN , TOPÇU MERAL , CİLİV GÖNENÇ 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Background
: Tay‐Sachs disease is a form of monosialoganglioside triaose (GM2) gangliosidosis that results from the mutations in the alpha‐subunit gene of hexosaminidase A. In the B1 variant, the active site of the alpha‐subunit of the enzyme is thought to be affected. In the present study, a patient who had previously been diagnosed as a B1 variant is further analyzed. The patient's parents and brother were also analyzed.
Methods
: Single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing analysis were conducted in all cases. In addition, hexosaminidase A (Hex A) was isolated from leukocyte homogenates of the patient's parents and brother using DE 52 ion‐exchange chromatography, and thermostability analyses of the isolated enzymes were performed.
Results
: Hexosaminidase A of the parents was found to be more thermostable than normal Hex A. DNA sequencing analysis revealed a 12‐bp deletion mutation in exon 10 of the Hex A gene. The patient was a homozygote and the parents were heterozygotes for the mutation, which could also be observed at the DNA double strands by SSCP analysis. These deleted bases are located within the catalytic domain of the alpha‐subunit.
Conclusion
: The 12‐bp deletion mutation in exon 10 of Hex A is responsible for the increased thermostability of the enzyme. Considering this mutation has previously been found in a Turkish Tay‐Sachs patient, the patient in the present study may have another mutation on the Hex B gene that causes decreased thermostability of the enzyme. Thermal inactivation assay may not be sufficient for a correct diagnosis in such unusual cases.
Comparison of different therapy approaches in children with Down syndrome
Authors: UYANİK MINE , BUMIN GONCA , KAYİHAN HÜLYA 
Published: May 2004

AbstractBackground: Children with Down syndrome have sensory integrative dysfunction as a result of limited sensory experience from lack of normal motor control. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of sensory integrative therapy alone, vestibular stimulation in addition to sensory integrative therapy and neurodevelopmental therapy, on children with Down syndrome.Methods: The present study was carried out at the Occupational Therapy Unit, School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation of Hacettepe University. Forty‐five children who were diagnosed as having Down syndrome by the Departments of Paediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics at Hacettepe University were assessed and randomly divided into three groups. Sensory integrative therapy was given to the first group (n=15), vestibular stimulation in addition sensory integrative therapy was given to the second group (n=15) and neurodevelopmental therapy was given to the third group (n=15). All children were evaluated with Ayres Southern California Sensory Integration Test, Pivot Prone Test, Gravitational Insecurity Test and Pegboard Test. The hypotonicity of extensor muscles, joint stability, automatic movement reactions and locomotor skills were tested. Treatment programs were 1.5 h per session, 3 days per week for 3 months.Results: When these groups were compared, statistically significant differences were found in subjects’ performance of balance on right foot‐eyes open, pivot prone position–quality score and locomotor skills‐front tests (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the other tests (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that sensory integration, vestibular stimulation and neurodevelopmental therapy were effective in children with Down syndrome. It was concluded that when designing rehabilitation programs for children with Down syndrome, all treatment methods should be applied in combination, and should support each other according to the individual needs of the child.
Intravenous cyclophosphamide is the drug of choice for steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome
Authors: BİRCAN ZELAL , KARA BÜLENT 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Background
: Steroid dependency is a major problem seen after therapy for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Although there is consensus about the usage of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in frequent relapsers, there is still a controversy concerning its usage in steroid‐dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).
Methods
: In the present study, nineteen children with SDNS were treated with CYC: ten via the intravenous (i.v.) route, and nine via the oral route. Remission was then maintained with prednisolone. Oral CYC therapy consisted of CYC at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 12 weeks. Intravenous (i.v.) CYC therapy consisted of CYC 500 mg/m2 per month (with intravenous 3500 cc/m2 per 24 h one‐third saline hydration) for 6 months.
Results
: The cumulative dose of CYC was 168 mg/kg in the oral group and 132 mg/kg in the IV group. Daily oral CYC dose was 1.96~0.31 mg/kg, whereas i.v. CYC dose was 0.73~0.03 mg/kg. Long‐term complications and side‐effects such as alopecia, infection and hemorrhagic cystitis were not observed in the i.v. CYC treated group. In the long term, the dosage of prednisolone that held remission after CYC, the annualized relapse rates and the subsequent relapse time were significantly better in the i.v. CYC group, and the number of patients in remission for 2 years was significantly higher in the i.v. treated group (P<0.05).
Conclusion
: In SDNS, i.v. CYC has a long lasting effect with lower annualized relapse rates and longer subsequent relapse time with a lower steroid dosage required to maintain remission than oral CYC. The results of the present study showed the safety of the i.v. route, and it is the preferable treatment in noncompliant patients for its long lasting remission and simple and inexpensive follow up.
Factors associated with practice of procedures in pediatric‐related areas among certified pediatricians
Authors: UEHARA RITEI , OKAYAMA MASANOBU , KAJII EIJI , NAKAMURA YOSIKAZU , ETO YOSHIKATSU 
Published: May 2004

Abstract

Background
: Medical care in pediatric‐related areas in which physicians other than pediatricians, such as surgeons, otolaryngologists, ophthalmologists, orthopedists and dermatologists, can also participate is one of the fields of pediatric primary care. Independent factors associated with the practice of specific procedures in pediatric‐related areas by certified pediatricians in Japan were evaluated.
Methods
: Data were collected from a nationwide survey of 1116 pediatricians who were selected by systematic sampling from the list of certificated members of the Japan Pediatric Society. The survey included questions relating to full‐ or part‐time practice, types of practice setting, practice with or without pediatric subspecialty interest, numbers of procedures performed among 15 procedures in pediatric‐related areas, and attitude toward practice of those procedures.
Results
: Of 79% of respondents, 73% were analyzed (n=810). Among 15 procedures in pediatric‐related areas, seven procedures performed by more than 30% of certificated pediatricians were evaluated. In comparison with certified pediatricians who annually performed three or less procedures (n=410), certified pediatricians who annually performed four or more procedures (n=400) were more likely to be young and male, working full‐time and in a general hospital setting, practicing with a pediatric subspecialty interest. In multiple logistic regression analyses, young age (odds ratio [OR]: 0.8 per 10 years of age; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9), positive attitude toward practice (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.6–1.9), male (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.1–2.5), full‐time practice (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.5–6.9), and practice in general hospital setting (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2–2.4) were independently associated with more extensive practice of procedures in pediatric‐related areas.
Conclusions
: A positive attitude toward medical care in pediatric‐related areas is one of the most important factors associated with practice of procedures in these areas. An educational strategy for pediatricians to keep their motivation high for improved medical care in these areas should be planned in Japan.
Influences of a rider on the rotation of the horse–rider system during jumping
Authors: Powers PNR , Harrison AJ 
Published: May 2004

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a rider on the angular momentum and angular velocity of the jumping horse, particularly during the flight phase. Sagittal plane video recordings were digitized of eight horses jumping a vertical fence (1 m high) under two conditions: Loose and Ridden. An experienced rider rode the horses during the Ridden condition. Using appropriate segmental inertial data for the horse and rider, angular momentum and angular velocity were calculated for the Loose and Ridden conditions. Estimates of the various rider effects on angular momentum and angular velocity were obtained by comparison of Loose and Ridden conditions and examination of the contributions of the horse and rider segments to the total angular momentum. The results showed that the rider's effect on angular momentum was significant but that the rider's segmental contribution to the angular momentum of the horse–rider system was minimal. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that the rider had a significant effect on the angular momentum and angular velocity of the horse during the flight phase (P<0.01). However, the rider did not have a significant effect on the transfer of angular momentum during the flight. We concluded that the rider's instruction has a greater influence on the horse's motion than the mechanical transfer between rider and horse.
Report of diffusion‐weighted MRI in two cases with different cerebral hydatid disease
Authors: Kitis O. , Calli C. , Yunten N. 
Published: April 2004

Purpose: To present MRI findings in two cases of cerebral hydatid disease with an emphasis on diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) findings of Echinococcus granulosus (EG) versus Echinococcus alveolaris (EA). Results: EG lesions were isointense with cerebrospinal fluid in all sequences including DWI. On DWI, EA lesions remained hypointense on b=1000 s/mm2 diffusion‐weighted images. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of EG and EA lesions were completely different from each other, 2.88±0.24×10−3 s/mm2 and 1.33±0.15×10−3 s/mm2, respectively. Conclusion: The ADC values could not be used to discriminate from other differential diagnoses.
YAdumper: extracting and translating large information volumes from relational databases to structured flat files
Authors: Fernández José M. , Valencia Alfonso 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Summary: Downloading the information stored in relational databases into XML and other flat formats is a common task in bioinformatics. This periodical dumping of information requires considerable CPU time, disk and memory resources. YAdumper has been developed as a purpose-specific tool to deal with the integral structured information download of relational databases. YAdumper is a Java application that organizes database extraction following an XML template based on an external Document Type Declaration. Compared with other non-native alternatives, YAdumper substantially reduces memory requirements and considerably improves writing performance.
Availability: YAdumper is freely available.
Class discovery and classification of tumor samples using mixture modeling of gene expression data—a unified approach
Authors: Alexandridis Roxana , Lin Shili , Irwin Mark 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Motivation: The DNA microarray technology has been increasingly used in cancer research. In the literature, discovery of putative classes and classification to known classes based on gene expression data have been largely treated as separate problems. This paper offers a unified approach to class discovery and classification, which we believe is more appropriate, and has greater applicability, in practical situations.
Results: We model the gene expression profile of a tumor sample as from a finite mixture distribution, with each component characterizing the gene expression levels in a class. The proposed method was applied to a leukemia dataset, and good results are obtained. With appropriate choices of genes and preprocessing method, the number of leukemia types and subtypes is correctly inferred, and all the tumor samples are correctly classified into their respective type/subtype. Further evaluation of the method was carried out on other variants of the leukemia data and a colon dataset.
Supplementary information: The program implementing the method and additional details and figures are at http://www.stat.ohio-state.edu/~statgen/PAPERS/DNC-MIX.html.
The database of epoxide hydrolases and haloalkane dehalogenases: one structure, many functions
Authors: Barth Sandra , Fischer Markus , Schmid Rolf D. , Pleiss Jürgen 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
Summary: The epoxide hydrolases and haloalkane dehalogenases database (EH/HD) integrates sequence and structure of a highly diverse protein family, including mainly the Asp-hydrolases of EHs and HDs but also proteins, such as Ser-hydrolases non-heme peroxidases, prolyl iminopetidases and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde hydrolases. These proteins have a highly conserved structure, but display a remarkable diversity in sequence and function. A total of 305 protein entries were assigned to 14 homologous families, forming two superfamilies. Annotated multisequence alignments and phylogenetic trees are provided for each homologous family and superfamily. Experimentally derived structures of 19 proteins are superposed and consistently annotated. Sequence and structure of all 305 proteins were systematically analysed. Thus, deeper insight is gained into the role of a highly conserved sequence motifs and structural elements.
Availability: The EH/HD database is available at http://www.led.uni-stuttgart.de
Work Life and Social Fulfillment: Does Social Affiliation at Work Reflect a Carrot or a Stick?*
Authors: Hodson Randy 
Published: April 2004

Objectives.Work life and home life appear to be in increasing competition for scarce time and attention. Does the workplace offer a social haven for people? And if so, for whom is it most attractive? Or does the increasing affiliation with work life result from heightened job insecurity, which demands that employees focus on work in order to keep their jobs?Methods.In this article we analyze a unique data set incorporating all book‐length workplace ethnographies (N=149) to address these questions. This data set provides rich measures of social life at work and related correlates.Results.We find that rich social lives are common at work and that these correlate strongly with fulfillment, pride, and meaning in work. Well‐paid employees are much more likely to experience a rich social life at work than are lower‐level employees. Job security appears to be a relative constant, unrelated to the richness of social life on the job. Men are more socially involved at work than women, reflecting their greater average involvement in work life relative to family life. This relationship, however, does not hold net of controls, suggesting that it reflects underlying differences in the jobs men and women hold.Conclusions.These findings suggest a bifurcated labor force in which upper‐status employees reap both greater material and greater social rewards from their jobs and, as a result, are more drawn to work, and to workaholism, than lower‐status workers.
Ideological Centrism and the Electoral Fortunes of U.S. Senate Candidates*
Authors: Gershtenson Joseph 
Published: April 2004

Objective. The Downsian model of electoral competition with its individual‐level assumption of proximity voting by individuals implies that candidates in two‐party systems should perform better in elections when they adopt platforms more closely mirroring preferences of average constituents. Since extant analyses do not place candidates and constituents on a common ideological metric, they do not directly test the electoral consequences of proximity to voters. This study provides a direct test.Methods. I use the NES Senate Election Study to locate candidates and constituents on a common ideological metric and use ordinary least squares regression models to analyze the effects of candidate positioning on electoral outcomes.Results. Although stiff electoral competition may make it more likely that candidates gain votes by locating near average citizens, candidate proximity does not generally have a meaningful effect on Senate elections.Conclusions. Insignificant electoral benefits from ideological centrism may help explain candidate divergence in elections and has important implications for the nature of representation.
In Search of True Public Arts Support
Authors: Brooks Arthur C. 
Published: May 2004

Most of the debate over government arts support focuses on direct subsidies to nonprofit arts organizations. In this article, however, I show that a much larger amount of public sector money comes from indirect aid, in the form of tax revenues forgone on tax‐deductible contributions by individuals. Specifically, every dollar in direct federal arts funding is accompanied by about $14 in indirect aid. Analysis of the 1996 General Social Survey shows that private givers and supporters of direct government aid fit different demographic profiles, meaning that direct and indirect funding owe to distinct constituencies. These findings lead to a number of implications for nonprofit and public arts managers.
It is sometime proper for the state to encourage and protect dishonorable but useful professions, without those who exercise them being more highly considered for that.Jean‐Jacques Rousseau1
The household knights of Edward I in Ireland*
Authors: Hartland Beth 
Published: May 2004

Abstract
This article examines how the employment of household knights strengthened the communication network between Dublin and Westminster, and suggests that the deployment of household knights who were intimates of the king in Ireland shows that Edward I was more interested in his lordship than is usually acknowledged. Detailed analysis also reveals that the knights retained of ‘the king's household’ in Ireland in the mid twelve-seventies were not justiciar's knights, as is usually assumed, but members of an Irish-based royal household. This discovery challenges assumptions about the personal nature of the bond between a king and the knights of his household.
Spreading of post‐transcriptional gene silencing along the target gene promotes systemic silencing
Authors: García‐Pérez Rubén Darío , Houdt Helena Van , Depicker Anna 
Published: May 2004

SummaryTransitive silencing and grafting‐induced gene silencing phenomena were combined to investigate whether a primary target β‐glucuronidase (gus) gene could promote the generation of systemic transitive silencing signals. Tobacco plants with hemizygous or homozygous silencer locus and in trans silenced primary target were used as a source of post‐transcriptionally silenced rootstocks and tobacco plants with or without a secondary target locus as scion source. The silencer locus harbored two identical neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII)‐containing T‐DNAs, integrated as an inverted repeat. The primary target locus carried a gus gene with homology to the transcribed region of the nptII gene only in the 3′ untranslated region, whereas the secondary target locus had two or more copies of a gus gene without homology to transcribed sequences of the silencer locus. The upstream region of the initially targeted sequences of the in trans silenced gus gene could induce the production of a systemic signal. This signal was capable of triggering post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of the secondary target gus genes in the scion. In addition, the induction of systemic silencing was strikingly dosage dependent for the silencer as well as the primary target loci in the rootstock. Moreover, in the scions, the secondary target gus genes had to be present to generate detectable amounts of short interfering RNAs.
A recessive mutation in the RUB1‐conjugating enzyme, RCE1, reveals a requirement for RUB modification for control of ethylene biosynthesis and proper induction of basic chitinase and PDF1.2 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Larsen Paul B. , Cancel Jesse D. 
Published: May 2004

SummaryBy screening etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings for mutants with aberrant ethylene‐related phenotypes, we identified a mutant that displays features of the ethylene‐mediated triple response even in the absence of ethylene. Further characterization showed that the phenotype observed for the dark‐grown seedlings of this mutant is reversible by prevention of ethylene perception and is dependent on a modest increase in ethylene production correlated with an increase in 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACO) activity in the hypocotyl. Molecular characterization of leaves of the mutant revealed severely impaired induction of basic chitinase (chiB) and plant defensin (PDF)1.2 following treatment with jasmonic acid and/or ethylene. Positional cloning of the mutation resulted in identification of a 49‐bp deletion in RCE1 (related to ubiquitin 1 (RUB1)‐conjugating enzyme), which has been demonstrated to be responsible for covalent attachment of RUB1 to the SCF (Skpl Cdc 53 F‐box) ubiquitin ligase complex to modify its activity. Our analyses with rce1‐2 demonstrate a previously unknown requirement for RUB1 modification for regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and proper induction of defense‐related genes in Arabidopsis.