bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyslexia: nature and nurture
Authors: Olson Richard K. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis paper explores the balance of genetic and environmental influences on dyslexia in generally supportive educational environments. Evidence from family studies suggests and research with identical and fraternal twins confirms the presence of strong genetic influences on dyslexia, though the way dyslexia is defined influences the degree of genetic influence. The behavioural genetic evidence is supported with molecular genetic evidence from DNA analyses suggesting regions on several different chromosomes where genes related to dyslexia are likely to be found. The behavioural and molecular genetic analyses are also applied to different component word reading skills (orthographic coding and phonological decoding) as well as to related language skills (phoneme awareness) to better understand the genetic and cognitive pathways to dyslexia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Research on energy expenditure in individuals with eating disorders: A review
Authors: de Zwaan Martina , Aslam Zaheer , Mitchell James E. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractObjectiveThis study reviews the published research on energy expenditure in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED).MethodIndividual studies are reviewed and their results summarized.ResultsThe most consistent finding is a reduction in resting energy expenditure (REE) in patients with AN, which increases with increased energy intake and body weight. Data regarding BN are inconsistent. Three available studies in subjects with BED have not found evidence of changes in energy expenditure corrected for lean body mass compared with obese non‐binge eaters.DiscussionThe ability to measure REE reliably and cost‐effectively may aid in the refeeding of patients with AN in whom REE is reduced. Changes in individuals with BN and BED have yet to be consistently identified. © 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 32: 127–134, 2002.
Blind estimation of modulation schemes according to noise powers in the presence of carrier frequency offset
Authors: Umebayashi Kenta , Kohno Ryuji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA method for identifying modulation schemes is a vital elemental technology of adaptive software‐defined radio that switches its software in response to the environment and the application objective. The problems faced in conventional modulation scheme estimation are synchronization and robustness in a fading environment. In this paper, we address the problem of the degradation in the accuracy of modulation scheme estimation due to the presence of carrier offsets and the fluctuations in the carrier‐to‐noise power ratio (CNR). The former is addressed by implementing offset cancellation that uses the temporal phase difference information in one symbol. The latter is addressed by using the estimates found by a blind noise power estimation algorithm to implement modulation scheme estimation that exhibits excellent estimation accuracy even with a fluctuating CNR. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(12): 76–88, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10001
Improvement of sound deterioration using filter‐and‐sum array for near sound field
Authors: Kobayashi Kazunori , Kiyohara Kenji , Furuya Ken'ichi , Kaneda Yutaka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractUse of a microphone array has been attempted in sound acquisition systems for telecommunication systems. A typical method is the delay‐and‐sum array. This method improves the SN ratio by orienting a sharp beam toward the speaker. Its effect has been widely demonstrated. However, if there are deviations in the location of the speaker and the focal point of the array, the frequency characteristics of the output are degraded. In this paper, in order to resolve this problem of deterioration in the output frequency characteristics, an optimum design method for a filter‐and‐sum array in the near sound field is proposed. This method can be used for the near sound field and does not require increasing the number of microphones. Hence, the method is useful for communications conferencing. In a computer simulation and a real sound field experiment, improvement of the characteristic degradation of the array output is confirmed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 29–37, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10009
A visualization of nonlinear elasticity property of tissues by ultrasound
Authors: Nitta Naotaka , Shiina Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractImaging of tissue elasticity is promising as a technique for visualizing tissue variations such as tumors from the point of view of hardness. Evaluation of the elasticity has hitherto been carried out mainly in the range in which the stress and strain generated within the tissue under infinitesimal deformation are related linearly. Under a finite deformation, such a linear relationship does not hold but a nonlinear phenomenon (strain hardening) takes place, in which Young's modulus increases with the strain. Since such nonlinearity is a property characteristic of the tissue, this paper deals with this nonlinearity and discusses a method of visualizing it and obtaining new information for tissue diagnosis. As a basic study, an experiment is carried out using a phantom containing the gizzard and liver of a fowl. The rate of increase of Young's modulus due to substantial deformation is visualized as a nonlinear parameter. It is found that gelatin and liver, with similar values of Young's modulus, cannot be distinguished by the conventional Young's modulus image but can be distinguished by visualizing the incrementation rate of each Young's modulus. Hence, the nonlinear elastic parameter can be effective for tissue discrimination. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 9–18, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10024
Steady‐state errors of an α‐β‐γ filter for radar tracking
Authors: Kosuge Yoshio , Ito Masayoshi , Okada Takamitsu , Mano Seiji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractRadar tracking filters estimate the true values for a target's motion, such as position and speed, using observed values for the target's position. An α‐β filter is a tracking filter for one‐dimensional space using a constant‐velocity linear motion model, and an α‐β‐γ filter is a tracking filter for one‐dimensional space using a uniformly accelerated motion model. Calculation formulas for the steady‐state variance for a target in constant‐velocity linear motion when sufficient time has passed since the initial value calculations have been reported for α‐β filters. However, for α‐β‐γ filters, although computational formulas for the steady‐state variance for a target in uniformly accelerated motion when there is a drive noise indicating vagueness in the motion model derived from the principles of a Kalman filter have been reported, a calculation formula for the steady‐state variance for a target in constant‐velocity linear motion has not been reported. In this paper the authors present a calculation formula for the steady‐state variance for a target in constant‐velocity linear motion for an α‐β‐γ filter. In addition, the authors show the conditions for the gains α, β, and γ for an α‐β‐γ filter that are necessary to have the variance be positive and meaningful. Furthermore, the authors show that this condition is identical to the condition for which the α‐β‐γ filter is stable. Finally, the authors demonstrate that the calculation formula for the variance in the error for an α‐β‐γ filter is an extension of the calculation formula for an α‐β filter. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 65–79, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1129
Dilation and reduction processing in finite topological spaces and its application to inspection of printed boards
Authors: Liu Gang , Kitazawa Mayumi , Eguchi Masayoshi , Fuwa Yasushi , Nakamura Yatsuka 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDilation/reduction processing of binary images has been considered using only certain restricted kinds of neighborhood, such as 5‐ and 9‐neighborhoods. This study intends to overcome the limits of processing in conventional dilation and reduction, and investigates the mathematical properties of dilation and reduction by various neighborhood shapes. Furthermore, the dilation of discrete figures composed of straight lines (digital rectilinear figure) is considered, and a method of dilation reduction by which a digital rectilinear figure can be dilated as far as possible with the same line width (thickness) is proposed. Then, the method is applied to sampled images of a printed circuit board to detect defects, and its effectiveness is demonstrated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(12): 89–100, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.1131
In situ observation of the initial adsorption process of layer‐by‐layer sequential adsorbed polyelectrolyte film using an AFM
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Shiratori Seimei 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate the first observation results of the initial adsorption processes of polyelectrolytes to the substrate in solution by in situ observation using an AFM. The adsorption form of polyelectrolytes was changed by solution pH. It was found that the surface structure was controlled by adsorbing time of polyelectrolytes and strongly affected by both the previously formed under layer and the solution pH. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 1–7, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10016
Error correction for phase detection by recursive algorithm real time DFT
Authors: Funaki Tsuyoshi , Matsuura Kenji , Tanaka Shunsuke 
Published: October 2002

AbstractDiscrete Fourier Transform (DFT) can calculate the phase and amplitude of the AC waveform directly from the sampled data. However, high performance microprocessor is inevitable to implement DFT into real time system, especially when conventional calculation algorithm is applied to high frequency sampling. Applying recursive algorithm to the DFT can drastically reduce the calculation amount. This paper studies about the phase detection error of DFT when recursive algorithm is applied. The proposed error correction method makes it possible to guarantee the correctness of detected phase, which is equivalent to the conventional DFT calculation algorithm. Also, this paper proposes the reset scheme of numerical error accumulation, which is unavoidable for the recursive algorithm applied DFT. The proposed method can guarantee high accuracy with minimum increment of calculation amount. The qualitative correctness estimated from the theoretical equations is confirmed through quantitative study by digital simulation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(1): 8–17, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10036
A detection method of differences of polarization angles between three‐component signals
Authors: Nagano Koji 
Published: October 2002

AbstractI describe a new method of detecting differences of polarization angles, azimuth and elevation angle, between two three‐component signals. The differences of polarization angles are calculated directly from nine cross‐correlations between two three‐component signals. I compare the performance of this method to a conventional method based on a polarization filter, which uses Principal Component Analysis, in a computer simulation. When data length is shorter than a period of a sinusoidal signal, which is used as a signal in the simulation, the new method shows both less dispersion and less bias of errors than the polarization filter does. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(1): 45–53, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10044
A novel strategy for a high‐power utility interactive inverter with a series active filter
Authors: Saito Makoto , Shimizu Toshihisa 
Published: October 2002

AbstractHigh‐power utility interactive inverters used for large‐capacity energy storage systems are composed of multiple connected inverters, in order to realize high efficiency and high performance of the harmonic elimination characteristic simultaneously. Some disadvantages of multiple connected inverters, such as harmonic current flowing from an inverter unit to the other one, and increase of the number of inverter units, cannot be overcome easily.This paper presents a novel strategy for a high‐power utility interactive inverter, which is composed of a large power with low‐switching‐frequency PWM inverter (high‐power PWM inverter), an LC passive filter, and a series active filter (series AF). Because harmonic components contained in the utility line current are absorbed by the series AF, the switching frequency of the PWM inverter can be selected to about 1 kHz. In addition because the power capacity and the output voltage of the series AF can be suppressed lower than 10% of the power capacity and the output voltage of PWM inverter, low‐voltage and high‐speed power devices can be applied to the series AF. Consequently, high power, high efficiency, and high harmonics elimination performance can be realized without increasing the number of inverter units. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 57–66, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10048
An over‐current withstanding design of superconducting power cables
Authors: Ishigohka Takeshi , Kurahashi Kiyoshi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn a design of HTS power cables, the over‐current withstanding design is very important. In a conventional case, when one of the 2‐circuit power cables failed, the other cable should transport the previous total power continuously. If we adopt this idea also in case of superconducting power cables, the rating current should be decided carefully. In this paper, the authors show a fundamental idea for a short‐time withstanding over‐current design of HTS power cables. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 34–40, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10051
Field test of a 70‐MW‐class superconducting generator in the mode of a synchronous condenser
Authors: Imai Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kanamori Yasuo , Kusafuka Hiroshi , Shibuya Masatoyo , Nagamura Hidehiro , Miyaike Kiyoshi , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Nishijima Kenichi 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn order to study the basic performance of the superconducting generator in an actual electric power system, a quick response excitation‐type generator was connected to the 77‐kV commercial power grid of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. In the test, the model machine was operated as a rotary condenser supplying about leading 40 M Var to the electric power system. In the tests, the model machine operated stably. The results show that the superconducting generator has effects for stabilizing voltage fluctuations of electric power systems and also for reducing shunt reactor. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 17–24, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10053
A novel analytical approach for a vector‐controlled, adjustable‐speed synchronous machine
Authors: Chin Tung‐Hai , Nakano Motomu , Zeng Guang 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA novel approach for operation analysis of a vector control synchronous machine has been described. To draw the vector diagram under adjustable speed operation, the concept of normalized voltage has been introduced. It is to divide the voltage value by angular frequency of the machine, then the voltage vectors, which contain angular frequency immanently, will not change their length under adjustable speed operation, and the vector diagram will keep its size unchanged for the whole speed range. Also, reactance drop locus and its accompanying yardstick circle for determining current phase angle, in corresponding to the variation of the given armature current vector, were deduced. Then, the operation of the machine for the whole adjustable speed range can be represented in single diagram. As the accompanying matters, the methods for calculating the operating characteristics of maximum torque control and 100% power factor control were shown. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 141(2): 48–56, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10058
The role of the European Parliament in forest environment issues
Authors: Hasanagas Nikolaos D. , Shoesmith Robert 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThis article deals with the potential influence of European parliamentarism on environmental policy in forested areas. It is addressed as much to policy analysts and parliamentary theorists as to those most directly involved therein, for example international lobbyists and policy‐makers. The relative powers of the European Parliament, Council of Ministers and Commission and assorted interest groups (forestry and environmental activists) will be considered through the analysis of documents and expert interviews. The gradual extension of the European Parliament's power (co‐operation and co‐decision procedures) in combination with the parliamentary functions (control, legislation, election, articulation and communication) will be described where relevant to forest environment policy, in particular to competition, harmonization, internal markets, industry, research, land use, energy and development. The optimal lobbying terrains and prospects of environmental interest groups are also examined and the potential influence of the European Parliament on the implementation of such policy is explored. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Discrimination of a low‐status outgroup: the role of ingroup threat
Authors: Cadinu Mara , Reggiori Cinzia 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn the present study it was predicted that a threat to the ingroup by a high‐status outgroup would lead its members to increase the level of derogation of a lower‐status outgroup. Two experimental groups of psychologists were informed about the opinions (positive or negative) allegedly held by medical doctors regarding clinical psychologists whereas participants in the control condition did not receive any feedback. Later, all participants were asked to judge psychologists, social workers (low‐status outgroup), and medical doctors along professional and personality dimensions. As predicted, compared to participants in the positive feedback and in the control conditions, negative feedback participants increased derogation toward social workers but not toward medical doctors along the professional traits relevant to the feedback. Results are interpreted in the context of Downward Comparison Theory (Wills, 1981). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of geomorphology citations in the last quarter of the 20th century
Authors: Dorn Ronald I. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThree hundred and twenty‐eight geomorphology articles published in the last quarter of the 20th century were cited 20 or more times in Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) indices, as of 15 May 2001. At the close of the 20th century, well‐cited geomorphology is highly multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary with the most dominant fields being in biological, civil engineering, earth science, geography, geological, and soils disciplines. The very strong English‐language bias of well‐cited journal articles creates a geographical bias in study site selection, which may in turn bias geomorphic theory. Water‐based research (fluvial processes and landforms, riparian, drainage basin) dominates well‐cited papers, with the ‘hottest’ subfield in the 1990s being riparian research with a biological emphasis. Over 90 journals publish well‐cited papers, but Earth Surface Processes and Landforms hosts the largest number of well‐cited papers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parallelization of a vorticity formulation for the analysis of incompressible viscous fluid flows
Authors: Brown Mary J. , Ingber Marc S. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA parallel computer implementation of a vorticity formulation for the analysis of incompressible viscous fluid flow problems is presented. The vorticity formulation involves a three‐step process, two kinematic steps followed by a kinetic step. The first kinematic step determines vortex sheet strengths along the boundary of the domain from a Galerkin implementation of the generalized Helmholtz decomposition. The vortex sheet strengths are related to the vorticity flux boundary conditions. The second kinematic step determines the interior velocity field from the regular form of the generalized Helmholtz decomposition. The third kinetic step solves the vorticity equation using a Galerkin finite element method with boundary conditions determined in the first step and velocities determined in the second step. The accuracy of the numerical algorithm is demonstrated through the driven‐cavity problem and the 2‐D cylinder in a free‐stream problem, which represent both internal and external flows. Each of the three steps requires a unique parallelization effort, which are evaluated in terms of parallel efficiency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional evidence from microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer of myeloid leukemia suppressor genes on human chromosomes 7 and 11
Authors: Wilding Jennifer , Meijne Emmy , Haines Jackie , Moody John , Edwards Alan , Newbold Robert F. , Parris Chris , Cox Roger , Silver Andrew 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe long arm of human chromosome 7 between 7q22 and 7q36 has been identified as a region harboring one or more tumor‐suppressor genes (TSGs) inactivated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Additional TSGs mapping to other chromosomes may well be involved in the etiology of this disease. For example, experiments using a mouse model system have indicated the possible presence of an AML TSG at 11p11–12. Microcell‐mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) has been used to introduce human chromosomes 7 and 11 into a murine myeloid leukemia cell line. A proportion of MMCT hybrid clones containing either whole chromosome 7 or fragments of chromosome 11 showed a significant delay in leukemogenic onset when injected into syngeneic mice. Screening of hybrid clones did not associate any human microsatellite markers with decreased leukemogenic potential in vivo. However, preliminary evidence was obtained of allelic loss at chromosomal regions homologous with human 7q22 in murine F1 hybrid AMLs. Our data provide functional evidence of AML‐associated TSGs localized to human chromosomes 7 and 11 in support of previously published studies on cytogenetic and allelic losses associated with AML development. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.