bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration‐stimulating factor displays HEXXH‐dependent catalytic activity important for promoting tumor cell migration
Authors: Houard Xavier , Germain Stéphane , Gervais Marianne , Michaud Annie , van den Brûle Frédéric , Foidart Jean‐Michel , Noël Agnès , Monnot Catherine , Corvol Pierre 
Published: March 2005

AbstractLike most extracellular matrix (ECM) components, fibronectin (Fn) is proteolyzed generating specific activities. Fibronectin proteinase (Fn‐proteinase) represents such a cryptic activity located in the gelatin‐binding domain (GBD) of Fn and displays a zinc metalloproteinase activity. The migration‐stimulating factor (MSF) is a truncated Fn isoform generated by alternative mRNA splicing and corresponds to the N‐terminal part of Fn that comprises the GBD. We show that several human mammary epithelial cells express MSF and constitutively produce Fn‐proteinase activity. Furthermore, recombinant MSF produced by HEK‐293 and MCF‐7 cells possesses a constitutive Fn‐proteinase activity. Mutating the putative zinc‐binding motif, HEXXH, of the protein abolishes its activity thereby demonstrating its specificity. Using PCR, we showed that MSF is barely expressed in normal breast tissues, whereas its expression is significantly increased in tumors. Furthermore, an association between MSF expression and invasive capacity is observed in various breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Indeed, when stably transfected in non‐invasive MCF‐7 cells, MSF promotes cell migration in a mechanism mostly dependent on its Fn‐proteinase activity. In summary, our study shows that: (i) MSF displays constitutive Fn‐proteinase activity; (ii) MSF expression is induced in human breast cancer; and (iii) MSF confers pro‐migratory activity that depends mostly on its Fn‐proteinase activity. These results suggest that MSF may be involved in tumor progression. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation and prostate cancer prevention in the SU.VI.MAX trial
Authors: Meyer François , Galan Pilar , Douville Pierre , Bairati Isabelle , Kegle Pastelle , Bertrais Sandrine , Estaquio Carla , Hercberg Serge 
Published: March 2005

AbstractRandomized trials have shown, unexpectedly, that supplementation with selenium or vitamin E is associated with a reduction of prostate cancer risk. We assess whether a supplementation with low doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals could reduce the occurrence of prostate cancer and influence biochemical markers. The SU.VI.MAX trial comprised 5,141 men randomized to take either a placebo or a supplementation with nutritional doses of vitamin C, vitamin E, β‐carotene, selenium and zinc daily for 8 years. Biochemical markers of prostate cancer risk such as prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) were measured on plasma samples collected at enrollment and at the end of follow‐up from 3,616 men. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio and related 95% confidence interval of prostate cancer associated with the supplementation and to examine whether the effect differed among predetermined susceptible subgroups. During the follow‐up, 103 cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed. Overall, there was a moderate nonsignificant reduction in prostate cancer rate associated with the supplementation (hazard ratio = 0.88; 95% CI = 0.60–1.29). However, the effect differed significantly between men with normal baseline PSA (< 3 μg/L) and those with elevated PSA (p = 0.009). Among men with normal PSA, there was a marked statistically significant reduction in the rate of prostate cancer for men receiving the supplements (hazard ratio = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.29–0.92). In men with elevated PSA at baseline, the supplementation was associated with an increased incidence of prostate cancer of borderline statistical significance (hazard ratio = 1.54; 95% CI = 0.87–2.72). The supplementation had no effect on PSA or IGF levels. Our findings support the hypothesis that chemoprevention of prostate cancer can be achieved with nutritional doses of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Palifermin reduces diarrhea and increases survival following irinotecan treatment in tumor‐bearing DA rats
Authors: Gibson Rachel J. , Bowen Joanne M. , Keefe Dorothy M.K. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractMucositis is a common side effect of cancer chemotherapy for which there is currently no treatment. Irinotecan is a commonly used effective chemotherapeutic agent, causing severe gastrointestinal mucositis and diarrhea. Previous research suggests that palifermin is potentially antimucotoxic. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether palifermin was effective in ameliorating irinotecan‐induced gastrointestinal mucositis. We also determined the protective effects of single large and multiple small doses of palifermin. Tumor‐bearing DA rats were treated with a single large (10 mg/kg) dose of palifermin 3 days prior to, or multiple small (3 mg/kg day for 3 days) doses of palifermin or vehicle control prior to, receiving 2 doses of 150 mg/kg irinotecan. Animals were killed at 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, or 144 hr after treatment. The primary endpoints were diarrhea and mortality. Gastrointestinal morphometry, histopathology and apoptosis were assessed. Tumor weights and mitoses were measured to ensure palifermin did not promote tumor growth. Data were analyzed using Peritz' F‐test, Student's t‐test and Tukey‐Kramer multiple comparison test. Animals pretreated with palifermin tolerated irinotecan treatment better than control animals with less severe diarrhea (5% in animals receiving 10 mg/kg palifermin, 11% in animals receiving 3 × 3 mg/kg palifermin and 28% in animals receiving irinotecan only) and reduced mortality (2% in animals receiving 10 mg/kg palifermin, 11% in animals receiving 3 × 3 mg/kg palifermin and 28% in animals receiving irinotecan only). Small and large intestinal weights were maintained. Intestinal morphometry was not maintained in palifermin‐pretreated rats despite being increased prior to irinotecan treatment. Palifermin pretreatment did not prevent apoptosis that peaked at 6 hr in the jejunum or colon, but prevented apoptosis at 96 hr in the small intestine. Palifermin pretreatment in both treatment regimens significantly reduces diarrhea and mortality following irinotecan administration without adversely affecting tumor growth. This positive response warrants further investigation, particularly in humans. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity and risk for lung cancer in a Danish cohort
Authors: Bak Helle , Christensen Jane , Thomsen Birthe Lykke , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Loft Steffen , Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole 
Published: March 2005

AbstractPhysical activity might reduce the risk for lung cancer by various mechanisms, but the evidence is inconclusive. We therefore examined the relationship between physical activity and risk for lung cancer in a large population‐based Danish cohort with detailed information about number of hours per week spent on specific physical activities as well as lifetime smoking patterns. Between 1993 and 1997, a total of 57,053 persons aged 50–64 years agreed to participate in the cohort. After exclusions of persons with cancer diagnosis before invitation and persons for whom data regarding study variables were missing, 26,070 men and 28,352 women remained for study. By 31 December 2002, lung cancer had been diagnosed in 194 men and 175 women. A questionnaire registered average number of hours per week spent on each of 6 types of leisure time physical activity. Level of occupational physical activity was registered in 5 categories. Cox's proportional hazard model stratified according to age at entry (1‐year intervals) was adjusted for smoking, school education, possible occupational exposure to lung carcinogens and intake of fruit and vegetables. No significant association was found between number of hours per week spent on 6 types of physical activity during leisure time and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for lung cancer. For each type of activity, the IRR of lung cancer was lower for active compared to nonactive women, whereas for men lower IRRs were only observed for sports and gardening. Higher levels of occupational physical activity had no protective effect; the lowest IRR was found for sitting work. Our study shows no convincing protective effect of physical activity on lung cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of the gender of children on expenditure patterns in rural China: a semiparametric analysis
Authors: Gong Xiaodong , van Soest Arthur , Zhang Ping 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe analyse expenditure patterns for rural China, focusing on differences between families with boys and girls. The sample includes more than 5000 nuclear families from 19 Chinese provinces. Following the existing literature, we estimate Engel curves for food and for alcohol, a typical adult good. We use a flexible, partially linear specification and allow for endogeneity of total expenditures. The results are similar to those of other studies, not providing much evidence of gender differentials. We then focus on the decision to send a child to school and on the budget share spent on educational goods. Using both parametric and semiparametric estimates, we find evidence that boys are more often sent to school and that expenditures on a boy that goes to school are larger than for a school‐going girl of the same age. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and forecasting stock returns: exploiting the futures market, regime shifts and international spillovers
Authors: Sarno Lucio , Valente Giorgio 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a vector equilibrium correction model of stock returns that exploits the information in the futures market, while allowing for both regime‐switching behaviour and international spillovers across stock market indices. Using data for three major stock market indices since 1989, we find that: (i) in sample, our model outperforms several alternative models on the basis of standard statistical criteria; (ii) in out‐of‐sample forecasting, our model does not produce significant gains in terms of point forecasts relative to more parsimonious alternative specifications, but it does so both in terms of market timing ability and in density forecasting performance. The economic value of the density forecasts is illustrated with an application to a simple risk management exercise. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Walk or wait? An empirical analysis of street crossing decisions
Authors: Das Sanghamitra , Manski Charles F. , Manuszak Mark D. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe examine the behaviour of pedestrians wishing to cross a stream of traffic at signalized intersections. We model each pedestrian as making a discrete crossing choice by comparing the gaps between vehicles in traffic to an individual‐specific ‘critical gap’ that characterizes the individual's minimal acceptable gap. We propose both parametric and nonparametric approaches to estimate the distribution of critical gaps in the population of pedestrians. To estimate the model, we gather field data on crossing decisions and vehicle flows at three intersections in New Delhi. The estimates provide information about heterogeneity in critical gaps across pedestrians and intersections, and permit simulation of the effect of changes in traffic light sequences on pedestrian crossing behaviour and waiting times. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semiparametric three‐step estimation methods for simultaneous equation systems
Authors: Rodríguez‐Póo Juan M. , Sperlich Stefan , Fernández Ana I. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method for estimating a structural model of labour supply in which hours of work depend on (log) wages and the wage rate is considered endogenous. The main innovation with respect to other related estimation procedures is that a nonparametric additive structure in the hours of work equation is permitted. Though the focus of the paper is on this particular application, a three‐step methodology for estimating models in the presence of the above econometric problems is described. In the first step the reduced form parameters of the participation equation are estimated by a maximum likelihood procedure adapted for estimation of an additive nonparametric function. In the second step the structural parameters of the wage equation are estimated after obtaining the selection‐corrected conditional mean function. Finally, in the third step the structural parameters of the labour supply equation are estimated using local maximum likelihood estimation techniques. The paper concludes with an application to illustrate the feasibility, performance and possible gain of using this method. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discrete choice modelling in airline network management
Authors: Grammig Joachim , Hujer Reinhard , Scheidler Michael 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe task of airline network management is to develop new flight schedule variants and evaluate them in terms of expected passenger demand and revenue. Given the industry's trend towards global cooperation, this is especially important when evaluating the potential synergies with alliance partners. From the econometric point of view, this task represents a discrete choice modelling problem in which one has to account for a large number of dependent alternatives. In this paper we discuss the applicability of recently proposed approaches and introduce a new multinomial probit specification designed for the airline network management task. The superior performance of the new model is demonstrated in a real‐world application using airline bookings data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in serum α2u‐globulin levels in castrated male rats treated with testosterone propionate in a Hershberger assay
Authors: Takeyoshi Masahiro , Mitoma Hideo , Yamasaki Kanji 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe Hershberger assay has been proposed as a candidate screening test method for the detection of androgenic and anti‐androgenic chemicals and is being validated presently under the test guideline programme of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Rat α2u‐globulin is male rat‐specic protein appearing in their serum and urine, and the protein is known to be induced by androgens. We investigated the usefulness of measuring serum α2u‐globulin levels as a parameter for the androgenic activity of chemicals tested in the Hershberger assay. The serum α2u‐globulin level was measured after the administration of testosterone propionate at dosages of 0, 20, 100 or 500 µg kg−1 day−1 for ten consecutive days in the castrated male rats. The ventral prostate, balbocavernosus[sol ]levator ani muscles, glans penis and Cowper's gland were collected and weighed. Although all the androgen‐responsive organ weights were increased signicantly at dosages of 100 and 500 µg kg−1 day−1, the serum α2u‐globulin level was increased signicantly only at a dosage of 500 µg kg−1 day−1. These results show that the serum α2u‐globulin level may be a useful biomarker for detecting androgenic activity caused by test chemicals, but it is less sensitive than the organ weights of androgen‐responsive tissues in the Hershberger assay. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficiency of magnetic liposomal transforming growth factor‐beta 1 in the repair of articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model
Authors: Tanaka Haruyuki , Sugita Takashi , Yasunaga Yuji , Shimose Shouji , Deie Masataka , Kubo Tadahiko , Murakami Teruo , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of a magnetic liposomal delivery system of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 in the treatment of articular cartilage defects in a rabbit model. Articular cartilage defects were created in the patellar groove of rabbits, and a permanent magnet or a nonmagnetic alloy was implanted in the defect site. Magnetic liposomal drugs, prepared by the conventional film method and sonication, were injected into the defect site 1 week after surgery. First, the efficacy of the magnetic liposomal delivery system was evaluated by using a model compound fluorescence‐labeled dextran 40,000 (FD‐40). Then, the therapeutic efficiency of magnetic liposomal TGF‐β1 was evaluated by cartilage histological scoring at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery. The injected magnetic liposomal FD‐40 accumulated at the target site where a permanent magnet had been implanted. The histological score showed that the injection of magnetic liposomal TGF‐β1 under magnetic force was significantly effective in the repair of the defect site over 12 weeks after surgery. Injection of TGF‐β1 into the cartilage defect was effective as a magnetic liposomal preparation under magnetic force, resulting in acceleration of the cartilage repair, probably because of the desirable accumulation of TGF‐β1 at the target site. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 255–263, 2005
Osteocalcin enhances bone remodeling around hydroxyapatite/collagen composites
Authors: Rammelt Stefan , Neumann Mirjam , Hanisch Uwe , Reinstorf Antje , Pompe Wolfgang , Zwipp Hans , Biewener Achim 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe effect of osteocalcin (OC), an extracellular bone matrix protein, on bone healing around hydroxyapatite/collagen composites was investigated. Cylindrical nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite implants of 2.5‐mm diameter containing 2.5% biomimetically mineralized collagen type I were inserted press‐fit into the tibial head of adult Wistar rats. To one implant group, 10 μg/g OC was added. Six specimens per group were analyzed at 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. After 14 days, newly formed woven bone had reached the implant surface of the OC implants whereas a broad fibrous interface could still be observed around controls. Woven bone was formed directly around both implant groups after 28 days and had been replaced partially by lamellar bone around the OC implants only. No significant differences in total bone contact were seen between both groups after 56 days. The higher number of phagocytosing cells and osteoclasts characterized immunohistochemically with ED1, cathepsin D, and tartate‐resistant alkaline phosphatase around the OC implants at the early stages of bone healing suggests an earlier onset of bone remodeling. The earlier and increased expression of bone‐specific matrix proteins and multifunctional adhesion proteins (osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, CD44) at the interface around the OC implants indicates that OC may accelerate bone formation and regeneration. This study supports the observations from in vitro studies that OC activates both osteoclasts and osteoblasts during early bone formation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 73A: 284–294, 2005
Electrostatic energies and forces computed without explicit interparticle interactions: A linear time complexity formulation
Authors: Petrella Robert J. , Karplus Martin 
Published: March 2005

AbstractA rapid method for the calculation of the electrostatic energy of a system without a cutoff is described in which the computational time grows linearly with the number of particles or charges. The inverse of the distance is approximated as a polynomial, which is then transformed into a function whose terms involve individual particles, instead of particle pairs, by a partitioning of the double sum. In this way, the electrostatic energy that is determined by the interparticle interactions is obtained without explicit calculation of these interactions. For systems of positive charges positioned on a face‐centered cubic lattice, the calculation of the energy by the new method is shown to be faster than the calculation of the exact energy, in many cases by an order of magnitude, and to be accurate to within 1–2%. The application of this method to increase the accuracy of conventional truncation‐based calculations in condensed‐phase systems is also demonstrated by combining the approximated long‐range electrostatic interactions with the exact short‐range interactions in a “hybrid” calculation. For a 20‐Å sphere of water molecules, the forces are shown to be six times as accurate using this hybrid method as those calculated with conventional truncation of the electrostatic energy function at 12 Å. This is accomplished with a slight increase in speed, and with a sevenfold increase in speed relative to the exact all‐pair calculation. Structures minimized with the hybrid function are shown to be closer to structures minimized with an exact all‐pair electrostatic energy function than are those minimized with a conventional 13‐Å cutoff‐based electrostatic energy function. Comparison of the energies and forces calculated with the exact method illustrate that the absolute errors obtained with standard truncation can be very large. The extension of the current method to other pairwise functions as well as to multibody functions, is described. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 26: 755–787, 2005
Interactions between the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Liverpool Land coastal ice cap during the last two glaciation cycles
Authors: Adrielsson Lena , Alexanderson Helena 
Published: March 2005

AbstractThe sedimentary record from the Ugleelv Valley on central Jameson Land, East Greenland, adds new information about terrestrial palaeoenvironments and glaciations to the glacial history of the Scoresby Sund fjord area. A western extension of a coastal ice cap on Liverpool Land reached eastern Jameson Land during the early Scoresby Sund glaciation (≈the Saalian). During the following glacial maximum the Greenland Ice Sheet inundated the Jameson Land plateau from the west. The Weichselian also starts with an early phase of glacial advance from the Liverpool Land ice cap, while polar desert and ice‐free conditions characterised the subsequent part of the Weichselian on the Jameson Land plateau. The two glaciation cycles show a repeated pattern of interaction between the Greenland Ice Sheet in the west and an ice cap on Liverpool Land in the east. Each cycle starts with extensive glacier growth in the coastal mountains followed by a decline of the coastal glaciation, a change to cold and arid climate and a late stage of maximum extent of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of rapid sea‐level rise on mangrove deposit erosion: application of taraxerol and Rhizophora records
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hyun , Dupont Lydie , Behling Hermann , Versteegh Gerard J. M. 
Published: March 2005

AbstractWe investigated a well‐dated marine sediment core from the tropical SE Atlantic covering the last 25 kyr, applying taraxerol and Rhizophora pollen as organic geochemical and palynological proxies for mangrove, respectively. Taraxerol records are positively correlated with Rhizophora pollen records, showing an enhanced supply of mangrove materials into deep‐sea environments during the last deglaciation (Termination I). Sedimentation rates peaked during Meltwater Pulses 1A and 1B, which were associated with the maxima of taraxerol and Rhizophora pollen. This study supports the view that mangrove input was dominantly controlled by erosion of mangrove‐rich shelf sediments during the transgressions. Whether reworked materials were penecontemporaneous or from much older deposits formed during previous sea‐level cycles is discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.