bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational risk factors for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Vitturi Bruno Kusznir , Montecucco Alfredo , Rahmani Alborz , Dini Guglielmo , Durando Paolo 
Published: November 2023

ObjectiveWe decided to conduct the first systematic review with meta-analysis to provide the highest level of up-to-date evidence on the occupational risk factors for Multiple Sclerosis.MethodsA systematic, comprehensive literature search was performed in four electronic academic databases. We included any case-control study that enrolled working-age subjects and compared the proportion of MS cases with controls who were not exposed to an occupational risk factor. The primary outcome was the occurrence of MS. The quality assessment was performed with the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Control Studies, developed, and validated by the Joanna Briggs Institute. All the selection process was also carried out by two independent and previously trained researchers.ResultsOverall, the total sample included 19,004 people with MS and 4,164,162 controls. Agricultural workers (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.13–1.83), offshore workers (OR = 3.56, 95% CI 2.74–4.61), and hairdressers (OR = 8.25, 95% CI 1.02–66.52) were associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with MS. In parallel, workers exposed to toxic fumes from oil wells (OR = 16.80, 95% CI 8.33–33.90), low-frequency magnetic fields (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.03–2.72), and pesticides (OR = 3.17, 95% CI = 2.53–3.99) also had an increased likelihood of having MS.ConclusionOur study has the potential to influence more assertive public policies. Nevertheless, future studies on how the occupational setting may contribute to the incidence of MS are highly recommended.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO– CRD42023443257).
Benefits and challenges in the use of RE-AIM for evaluation of a national social work staffing program in the veterans health administration
Authors: Cornell Portia Y. , Hua Cassandra L. , Halladay Christopher W. , Halaszynski Jaime , Harmon Alita , Koget Jennifer , Silva Jennifer W. 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundIn the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Veterans Health Administration (VHA), social workers embedded in primary care teams address social and emotional needs that are associated with health outcomes. The mission of the National Social Work PACT Staffing Program is to improve access to social work services for rural Veterans by supporting additional social work staffing in VA medical centers serving rural areas.MethodsWe obtained data from the VA corporate data warehouse on Veterans’ characteristics and health care use from 2016 to 2022 for all Veterans who received primary care at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) or associated clinic that received funding from the program. We evaluated the program according to RE-AIM constructs as follows: Reach [total number of Veterans who engaged with PACT social work and representativeness with regard to race, rural residence, chronic conditions and health behaviors, and hospital and emergency department (ED) use in the previous 12 months]; Effectiveness (impact of the program on key health care use outcomes which include hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and palliative care); Adoption (number of VA medical centers and outpatient clinics serving rural Veterans that have participated in the program, and number and representativeness of sites eligible for program participation that have not yet received funding); Implementation (adherence to standardized note templates), and Maintenance (permanent social work positions created by the program and continued technical support).ResultsIn 2022, the program engaged with 30,982 Veterans, 65% of whom lived in rural areas. The program increased social work encounters, reduce hospital and emergency department use, and increase use of palliative care services among Veterans. Key elements of implementation include proactive outreach to Veterans with high-risk indicators and assessment for social risk factors using standardized, national note templates. In terms of maintenance, the program continues to provide data and technical assistance to 23 sites and has created 171 permanent social work positions.Conclusions and implicationsThe Social Work PACT Staffing Program demonstrates positive outcomes and program sustainment. The RE-AIM framework was a useful tool to evaluate the program, but additional adaption was needed to fit the program’s needs.
Biomechanical analysis of bridge combined fixation system as a novel treatment for the fixation of type A3 distal femoral fractures
Authors: Liu Jianke , Huang Zhaozhao , Qi Yubin , Long Yuntao , Zhang Yanhui , Liu Na , Zuo Guilai , Wang Wen 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundTo compare the biomechanical parameters of AO/OTA type A3 distal femoral fractures fixed bilaterally with a bridge combined fixation system (BCFS) and lateral locking compression plate + locking reconstruction plate (LCP + LRP).MethodsTwelve A3 distal femoral fracture models with medial cortical defects of the distal femur were created using synthetic femoral Sawbones. BCFS and LCP + LRP were used for bilateral fixation, with six in each group. Axial compression and torsion tests were performed on the two groups of fracture models to determine their stiffness during axial compression and the Torsional stiffness during torsion tests. Axial compression failure tests were performed to collect the vertical loads of the ultimate failure tests.ResultsIn the test conducted on the fixed type A3 distal femoral fracture models, the axial stiffness in the BCFS group (group A) (1,072.61 ± 113.5 N/mm) was not significantly different from that in the LCP + LRP group (group B) (1,184.13 ± 110.24 N/mm) (t = 1.726, P = 0.115), the Torsional stiffness in group A (3.73 ± 0.12 N.m/deg) was higher than that in group B (3.37 ± 0.04 N.m/deg) (t = 6.825, P &lt; 0.001),and the ultimate failure test of type A3 fracture model showed that the vertical load to destroy group A fixation (5,290.45 ± 109.63 N) was higher than that for group B (3,978.43 ± 17.1 N) (t = 23.28, P &lt; 0.05). Notably, intertrochanteric fractures occurred in groups A and B.ConclusionsIn the fixation of type A3 distal femoral fractures, the anti-axial compression of the BCFS group was similar to that of the LCP + LRP group, but the anti-torsion was better.
Treatment of cerebrospinal fluid leakage with prolonged use of subfascial epidural drain and antibiotics in patients of thoracic myelopathy after posterior decompression surgery
Authors: Zhai Jiliang , Guo Shigong , He Da , Zhao Yu 
Published: November 2023

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid leakage (CSFL) is a prevalent and vexing complication associated with spine surgery. No standard protocol is available guiding CSFL management, especially for thoracic CSFL. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of prolonged use of subfascial epidural drain and antibiotics to treat CSFL after posterior thoracic decompression surgery.MethodsFifty-six patients with an average age of 52.3 years (24–76 years), who underwent thoracic decompression with CSFL (group A) and 65 patients with an average age of 54.9 years (25–80 years) without CSFL (group B) were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in group A had prolonged use of subfascial drainage and antibiotics and patients in group B were treated with conventional methods. The surgical results and rate of wound related complications was compared between the two groups.ResultsThe average subfascial drainage time was 7.0 ± 2.7 days (2–16 days) and 3.8 ± 1.4 days (2–7 days) in group A and B, respectively. Higher occupation rate (&gt;49%), presence of dural ossification and higher MRI grade (&gt;2) were more likely to presented with CSFL. In group A, four patients (7.1%) presented with deep wound infection and were successfully managed with wound debridement or intravenous antibiotics. In group B, one patient (1.5%) had a superficial wound infection and was treated with antibiotics. No patients presented with wound dehiscence, wound exudation or CSF fistulation.ConclusionThe occupation rate of ossified mass and presence of dural ossification were the major risk factors of CSFL. No significant difference in infection rates was observed between the patients in group A and B.
Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Bartonella sp., Coxiella sp., and hemoplamas in pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile: first report of Bartonella henselae in a wild ungulate species
Authors: Hidalgo-Hermoso Ezequiel , Sepúlveda-García Paulina , Cabello Javier , Celis Sebastian , Valencia Carola , Ortiz Carolina , Kemec Ignacio , Moreira-Arce Dario , Orsola Miguel , Canales Nivia , Garnham Antonio , Vera Frank , Muller Ananda 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionRecent evidence shows a high diversity of infectious agents in wildlife that represent a threat to human, domestic, and wild animal health. In Chile, wild populations of the most common cervid species, pudu (Pudu puda), have been reported as hosts for novel pathogens such as Mycoplasma ovis-like and a novel ecotype of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this group and other intracellular bacteria that might have cervids as hosts would enlighten their population relevance. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp., hemotropic mycoplasmas, and Coxiella burnetii in pudus from Chile.MethodsThe DNA was extracted from the blood samples of 69 wild free-ranging and 30 captive pudus from Chile. A combination of real-time (nouG gene for Bartonella and IS1111 element for C. burnetii) and conventional PCR (16S rRNA for hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. and rpoB, gltA, and ITS for Bartonella spp.) was used for pathogen screening and molecular characterization.ResultsDNA of Bartonella spp. was detected in 10.1% [95% CI (5.2–18.2%)] samples, hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. in 1.7% [95% CI (0.08–10.1%)], and C. burnetii in 1.0% [95% CI (0.05–6.3%)] samples. Two sequenced samples were identified as Mycoplasma ovis-like, and one free-ranging pudu was positive for C. burnetii. While one captive and two free-ranging pudus were positive for Bartonella henselae, one wild pudu was co-positive for B. henselae and Bartonella sp., similar to Bartonellae identified in ruminants.DiscussionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. henselae in wild ungulate species, and C. burnetii and Bartonella spp. in wild ungulate species in South America. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the potential role of pudu as reservoirs of infection and identify the sources for disease transmission among humans and wild and domestic animals.
Dynamics of the nasopharyngeal microbiome of apparently healthy calves and those with clinical symptoms of bovine respiratory disease from disease diagnosis to recovery
Authors: Centeno-Martinez Ruth Eunice , Klopp Rebecca N. , Koziol Jennifer , Boerman Jacquelyn P. , Johnson Timothy A. 
Published: November 2023

IntroductionBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial disease complex in which bacteria in the upper respiratory tract play an important role in disease development. Previous studies have related the presence of four BRD-pathobionts (Mycoplasma bovis, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica) in the upper respiratory tract to BRD incidence and mortalities in the dairy and beef cattle industry, but these studies typically only use one time point to compare the abundance of BRD-pathobionts between apparently healthy and BRD-affected cattle. The objective of this study was to characterize the longitudinal development of the nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiome from apparently healthy calves, and in calves with clinical signs of BRD, the microbiota dynamics from disease diagnosis to recovery.MethodsDeep nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all calves immediately after transport (day 0). If a calf was diagnosed with BRD (n = 10), it was sampled, treated with florfenicol or tulathromycin, and sampled again 1, 5, and 10 days after antibiotic administration. Otherwise, healthy calves (n = 20) were sampled again on days 7 and 14. Bacterial community analysis was performed through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.ResultsThe NP microbiome of the healthy animals remained consistent throughout the study, regardless of time. The NP microbiota beta diversity and community composition was affected by tulathromycin or florfenicol administration. Even though BRD-pathobionts were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in BRD-affected animals, no difference was observed in their relative abundance between the BRD-affected and apparently healthy animals. The abundance of BRD-pathobionts was not predictive of disease development while the relative abundance of BRD pathobionts was unique to each BRD-affected calf. Interestingly, at the end of the study period, the genera Mycoplasma was the most abundant genus in the healthy group, while Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus in the animals that recovered from BRD.DiscussionThis study highlights that injected antibiotics seem to improve the NP microbiome composition (higher abundance of Lactobacillus and lower abundance of Mycoplasma), and that the relative abundance of BRD-pathobionts differs between individual calves but is not strongly predictive of BRD clinical signs, indicating that additional factors are likely important in the clinical progression of BRD.
Association of Sedentary Lifestyle with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Adults with Reduced Kidney Function
Authors: Chuang Min-Hsiang , Wang Hung-Wei , Huang Yun-Ting , Ho Chung-Han , Jiang Ming-Yan 
Published: November 2023

Key Points

Nearly half of individuals with reduced kidney function had sedentary lifestyle, defined as more than 6 hours of sitting a day.Non-Hispanic White individuals and individuals with younger age, obesity, and with diabetes were more likely to have sedentary lifestyles.Spending more than 6 hours a day sedentary increases the future risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular diseases in individuals with reduced kidney function.

Background
Individuals with CKD tend to have sedentary behavior and decreased physical activity; both are independent predictors of mortality in general population. While physical inactivity correlates to adverse health outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function, it is unclear whether this relationship remains significant for sedentary behavior. Our study purpose was to evaluate the association of sedentary lifestyle with mortality risk in individuals with renal insufficiency.

Methods
The study population were adult participants of 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or self-reporting receiving dialysis (N=1419). Sedentary lifestyle was defined as sedentary time >6 hours per day. Outcome of interest was all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)–related or cancer-related mortality.

Results
We observed that non-Hispanic White individuals and individuals with younger age and higher educational level were more likely to have sedentary lifestyle. During a median follow-up of 99 (interquartile range, 70–128) months, a total of 458 participants died (3.98 deaths per 1000 person-months); 120 died from CVD and 92 from cancer, respectively. The crude analysis showed that individuals with sedentary lifestyle have higher risk of all-cause and CVD-related but not cancer-related mortality compared with the nonsedentary population. After adjusting for potential confounders, we showed that all-cause mortality and CVD-related mortality were 1.64-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.26 to 2.12) and 1.66-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 2.67) higher, respectively, in the sedentary population compared with the nonsedentary population. Similar results were observed in the sensitive analyses, in which we excluded individuals with dialysis, eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, or mobility disability.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that sedentary lifestyle correlated to greater risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality among individuals with reduced kidney function. Interventions targeting the individuals with risky behaviors may have practical importance for public health.
Peran Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler dalam Upaya Menggali Potensi Siswa di SDIT Cordova Samarinda
Authors: Khairani Misbahul , Susanto Susanto , Muyasaroh Muyasaroh 
Published: November 2023

<p>Kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang diadakan dibanyak sekolah-sekolah untuk mengembangkan potensi, bakat, minat, kemampuan, kepribadian, kerja sama, dan kemandirian peserta didik secara optimal. Hal ini mengacu pada Permendikbud RI Nomor 62 Tahun 2014. Demikian pula di SDIT Cordova Samarinda yang telah cukup lama memfasilitasi siswanya dengan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di sekolah. Atas dasar adanya kegiatan ini maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui lebih jauh apa saja jenis kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SDIT Cordova Samarinda, kemudian potensi apa saja yang dapat digali melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SDIT Cordova Samarinda, Serta bagaimana peran kegiatan ekstrakurikuler dalam upaya menggali potensi siswa di SDIT Cordova Samarinda.<strong> </strong>Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif (descriptive reserch) dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yang mana dimaksudkan untuk eksplorasi dan klarifikasi mengenai suatu fenomena dan kenyataan yang terjadi yaitu dengan jalan mendeskripsikan sejumlah variabel yang berkenaan dengan masalah yang diteliti.<strong> </strong>Dilihat dari hasil observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa jenis kegiatan ada empat belas jenis kegiatan ekstrakurikuler yang ada di sekolah SDIT Cordova Samarinda yang memiliki peran dalam menggali potensi siswa yaitu latihan biola, menari, taekwondo putra/putri, basket, thifan putra/putri, dokter kecil, seni baca al-Qur’an, futsal, English club, melukis, catur, serta teater. Sedangkan potensi yang digali melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler terdapat tiga potensi, yaitu: a) Potensi Fisik siswa yang digali melalui melalui kegiatan ekstrakulikuler di SDIT Cordova yaitu olah raga seperti futsal, basket Thifan putra dan putri serta tekwondo. Hal ini menjaga stamina fisik atau jasmani siswa lebih sehat dan kuat sehingga lebih produktif dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran setiap harinya, b) Potensi Intelektual siswa yang digali melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SDIT Cordova yaitu Englis Club dan Catur. Dengan memperkuat kecerdasan dan kemampuan siswa dalam berfikir. c) Potensi Khusus/Bakat. Kemampuan khusus atau bakat yang digali melalui kegiatan ekstrakurikuler seperti: teater, melukis, menari, dan seni baca Al-Qur’an. <strong><em></em></strong></p><p> </p>
Effect of Loan Management Practices on Non-Performing Loans for Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya
Authors: Omondi Kennedy , Muchiri Renson 
Published: November 2023

Deposit taking SACCOs have contributed to financial deepening and increased financial inclusion in Kenya because they improve social and economic welfare of members. However, the sector has seen several institutions collapsing. Current studies on non-performing loans for Saccos have focused on credit management practices such as credit scoring systems and repayment enforcement practices that are specific to banks and this do not align with the goal of Sacco’s business models. This study seeks to include the practice of using guarantors and its efficacy in control of non-performing loans relative to the mainstream practices established by financial institutions like banks. The main purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between loan management practices and non-performing loans for deposit taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya. The study has three specific objectives; to determine the effect of credit scoring systems on non-performing loans for deposit taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya, to assess the effect of guarantorships requirements on non-performing loans for deposit taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya and to find out the effect of repayment enforcement practices on non-performing loans for deposit taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Kenya. This study is anchored on three theories: lender-based theory of collateral, informal finance theory and financial intermediation theory. This study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of this study was all deposit taking SACCOs in Kenya. A sample of 44 deposit taking SACCOs within Nairobi County was selected. This study collected primary data by use of a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics such as averages and standard deviations and inferential statistics in a regression model by use of SPSS. Presentation of data was done using tables and graphs. Results were reported using robust standard errors model. Findings showed that credit scoring systems, guarantorship requirements and repayment enforcement practices had a negative and insignificant effect on non-performing loans for deposit taking Saccos in Kenya. This means that all loan management components examined in this study better loan performance. It is recommended that SACCOs need to lay more emphasis on establishing robust and apt frameworks for mitigating non-performing loans other than those credit scoring systems, guarantorship requirements and repayment enforcement practices this has insignificant effect on non-performing loans.
MENGANALISIS KESULITAN GURU DALAM MENGHADAPI PESERTA DIDIK PADA TAHAP MEMBACA DAN MENULIS PERMULAAN DI KELAS RENDAH SDN 064037
Authors: Kalisa Dwi Putri  , Patra Aghtiar Rakhman  , , Nana Hendra Cipta  
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana guru dalam menghadapi kesulitan yang dialami oleh peserta didik, pada tahap membaca dan menulis permulaan pada kelas rendah di Sekolah Dasar 064037. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Serta dalam pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik wawancara. Keterampilan membaca dan menulis pemahaman merupakan salah satu jenis keterampilan yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik terutama pada peserta didik pada kelas rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa bagaimana cara guru dalam mengatasi kesulitan yang dialami oleh peserta didik kelas rendah pada tahap membaca dan menulis permulaan di Sekolah Dasar.
THE ROLE OF DUOLINGO APPLICATION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024
Authors: Shinta Shofia Ananda  , Arso Setiaji  , Indri Kustantinah  
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
Learning is essential; we must comprehend technology in today's fast-paced technological society. Regarding education, it is very simple for us to learn a new language using our cell phones. Duolingo is a language-learning program that allows students to learn English through translation, comparing, dictation, fill-in-the-blank, speaking, listening, multiple choice, and competition. Therefore, this research analyses the implementation of Duolingo in language learning and its potential for facilitating the full development of the English language. The study discovered that using the Duolingo application was highly successful at strengthening students' interest in learning English: two classes, each containing 30 students who participated. Two groups, the experimental class and the control class, are involved in this investigation. Based on this study, Duolingo is an app where any newcomer can begin learning an additional language because it encourages them to keep learning.
Keywords: Duolingo application; Vocabulary, Educational Language Tool