bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AI2ES: The NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI for Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography
Authors: McGovern Amy , Ebert‐Uphoff Imme , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Bostrom Ann , Cains Mariana G. , Davis Phillip , Demuth Julie L. , Diochnos Dimitrios I. , Fagg Andrew H. , Tissot Philippe , Williams John K. , Wirz Christopher D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe NSF AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES) focuses on creating trustworthy AI for a variety of environmental and Earth science phenomena. AI2ES includes leading experts from AI, atmospheric and ocean science, risk communication, and education, who work synergistically to develop and test trustworthy AI methods that transform our understanding and prediction of the environment. Trust is a social phenomenon, and our integration of risk communication research across AI2ES activities provides an empirical foundation for developing user‐informed, trustworthy AI. AI2ES also features activities to broaden participation and for workforce development that are fully integrated with AI2ES research on trustworthy AI, environmental science, and risk communication.
Charge Transport in Sub‐Monolayer Networks of a Naphthalene‐Diimide‐Based Copolymer
Authors: Thomas Anupa Anna , Persson Nils E. , Luzio Alessandro , Jiao Xuechen , Jiang Mengting , McNeill Christopher R. , Caironi Mario 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSub‐monolayer networks of the electron‐transporting semiconducting polymer poly([N,N’‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)−2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)) (P(NDI2OD‐T2)) are realized through judicious choice of spin‐coating solvent and control of solution concentration. These sub‐monolayer networks provide a platform to study the effects of surface coverage, network connectivity, and orientational order on charge transport. It is found that charge transport through semiconducting polymer networks depends not only on the coverage/concentration of the material but also on the nature of the conduction paths themselves. Down to 40% surface coverage, current measured in a field‐effect architecture decreases in line with the decrease in surface coverage, but drops precipitously below a surface coverage of 40%. Below 40% surface coverage, there is a marked decrease in network connectivity (quantified through the branching point density) and a decrease in orientational order. Furthermore, an increase in the density of dangling branches (dead ends) is also seen with decreasing surface coverage. Additional supporting data in the form of grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), optical spectroscopy, and charge modulation spectroscopy are presented, which help to establish that long‐range interconnectivity rather than local morphology dominates charge transport in P(NDI2OD‐T2) sub‐monolayers as well as thin films.
Steering C–C Coupling by Hollow Cu2O@C/N Nanoreactors for Highly Efficient Electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ Products
Authors: Meng Xiangfu , Huang Hao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Hu Lin , Tang Haibin , Han Miaomiao , Zheng Fangcai , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction offers a promising pathway to transform renewable electricity into value‐added fuels and feedstocks in the form of chemical energy. However, the *CO intermediates tend to obtain protons or electrons to generate C1 products. The Cu+, an active catalytic site for C2+ products, is easily reduced to Cu0 at cathodic potentials. Herein, a hollow cuprous oxide protected by a thin N‐doped carbon shell (H–Cu2O@C/N) as an efficient nanoreactor to stabilize the Cu+ species and enhance the coverage concentration of *CO on the local catalyst surface under the spatial confinement effect is designed, which efficiently accelerates C–C coupling to generate C2+ products. As a result, H–Cu2O@C/N exhibits an outstanding C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 75.9% with a partial current density of 248.8 mA cm−2 in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer. Density functional theory combined with operando characterizations confirm that the N‐doped carbon layer protects the Cu+ active species from electrochemical reduction, and the high coverage density of *CO from spatial confinement effect lowers the reaction barrier of *CH2CHO, thereby promoting C–C coupling. This work offers invaluable insights into the spatial confinement effect for boosting the steering C–C coupling in Cu‐based catalysts for efficient electroreduction of CO2 to C2+ products.
Dual Barrier‐Penetrating Inhaled Nanoparticles for Enhanced Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapy
Authors: Yang Ming‐Yuan , Han Meng‐Meng , Tang Ling , Bi Yu‐Yang , Li Xue‐Na , Jeong Jee‐Heon , Wang Yi , Jiang Hu‐Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age‐related pulmonary interstitial disease with unclear etiology that poses a serious threat to human health. IPF interventions in clinical settings mainly involve oral medications, such as nintedanib (NIN), which exhibit limited accumulation in the lungs and neglect the epithelial micro‐environment. Inhalation is an efficient route for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. However, the mucus barrier in the trachea and the extracellular matrix (ECM) barrier in the interstitium are the two main obstacles to inhaled therapeutic agent delivery. Therefore, in this study, dual barrier‐penetrating inhaled liposomes (AN‐TR) are constructed utilizing tris‐(2‐carboxyethyl)‐phosphine (TCEP) and l‐arginine to penetrate the mucus and ECM barriers, respectively. This approach facilitates the thorough and uniform distribution of NIN and navitoclax (ABT‐263) across all five lung lobes. Furthermore, ABT‐263 can remove the senescent epithelial cells in the trachea and alveoli, thereby improving the efficiency of NIN for IPF treatment. This study suggests dual barrier‐penetrating inhaled liposomes as efficient noninvasive vehicles for first‐line clinical medications to improve the efficacy of IPF treatment.
Tailoring Non‐Polar Groups of Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Inhibiting Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of Aluminum‐Air Battery
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Gao Zepeng , Li Zhengyu , Zhang Jin feng , Wu Zhong , Hu Wenbin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAluminum‐air battery (AAB) with alkaline‐based aqueous electrolyte have attracted intensive research interests due to high‐capacity density, low cost, and high safety. However, severe hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Al anode in alkaline electrolyte extremely restricts its large‐scale application. In this work, ZnO with a group of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS, denoted as C1, C2, C4, C6, and C8 depending on the length of non‐polar group) are introduced into electrolytes to inhibit HER. It is revealing that capacity density initially increases with C1, C2, or C4, up to 2564 mAh gAl−1 with anodic utilization rate of 86.0%, and then follows by a decline (C6 and C8). The addition of QAS creates “physical‐hydrophobic interface” by non‐polar group owing to its electrophilic property and constructs “chemical‐hydrophobic interface” with polar group by reducing water activity. QAS also promotes the uniform growth of Zn‐based film, as a barrier against H2O. Thus, HER is effectively inhibited to improve the capacity density. With further increasing non‐polar group length (C6 or C8), the bonding status of the film deteriorates with enhanced H2O activity, leading to the recurrence of HER. This work explores the effect of non‐polar groups on inhibiting HER and opens the door to stable anodes for alkaline‐based batteries.
Rolling Stone Gathers Moss: Rolling Microneedles Generate Meta Microfluidic Microneedles (MMM)
Authors: Zhou Qian , Dong Kaiyi , Wei Meng , He Bingfang , Gao Bingbing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMicrofluidic chips play crucial roles while lack satisfactory controllability and comprehensive functionality. Inspired by biological systems, this study proposes a method utilizing rolling microneedles (RMNs) to generate muti‐structured templates, realizing photonic crystal membrane (PC) based meta microfluidic microneedle chip (MMM) for efficient wound management. This approach offers advantages in terms of speed and cost‐effectiveness, achieving dual‐sided permeation and patterned design by directly RMNs at desired locations, serving as both template tools for microneedle fabrication. The integration of RMNs with a PC membrane results in the design of 3D multilayer microfluidic channels, effectively addressing issues related to spontaneous fluid flow. As fluid reaches the PC membrane, it generates distinctive structural colors and exhibits fluorescence enhancement, enabling the monitoring of inflammatory factors in mouse wounds and facilitating efficient wound management. In summary, this preparation method involving RMNs paves the way for the design and fluid control of microfluidic chips. This bioinspired patch holds significant potential not only for wound management but also for areas such as clinical drug delivery and point‐of‐care testing (POCT).
Photochemical Shield Enabling Highly Efficient Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Jin Run‐Jun , Lou Yan‐Hui , Huang Lei , Wang Kai‐Li , Chen Chun‐Hao , Chen Jing , Hu Fan , Wang Zhao‐Kui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOxygen is difficult to be physically removed. Oxygen will be excited by light to form free radicals which further attack the lattice of perovskite. The stabilization of α‐FAPbI3 against δ‐FAPbI3 is the key to optimize perovskite solar cells. Herein, the simple molecule, benzaldehyde (BAH) is adopted. The photochemical shield will be established in perovskite layer. Moreover, heterogeneous nucleation induced by BAH enhances the crystallization of α‐FAPbI3. Consequently, the stability of device is improved significantly. The target device maintains 95% of original power conversion efficiency after 1500 h under air conditions and light‐emitting diode light. The power conversion efficiency increases from 23.21% of pristine device to 24.82% of target device.
Spatial Structure Design of Thioether‐Linked Naphthoquinone Cathodes for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc–Organic Batteries
Authors: Sun Qi‐Qi , Du Jia‐Yi , Sun Tao , Zhuang Zhen‐Bang , Xie Zi‐Long , Xie Hai‐Ming , Huang Gang , Zhang Xin‐Bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganic electrode materials (OEMs) have gathered extensive attention for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their structural diversity and molecular designability. However, the reported research mainly focuses on the design of the planar configuration of OEMs and does not take into account the important influence of the spatial structure on the electrochemical properties, which seriously hamper the further performance liberation of OEMs. Herein, this work has designed a series of thioether‐linked naphthoquinone‐derived isomers with tunable spatial structures and applied them as the cathodes in AZIBs. The incomplete conjugated structure of the elaborately engineered isomers can guarantee the independence of the redox reaction of active groups, which contributes to the full utilization of active sites and high redox reversibility. In addition, the position isomerization of naphthoquinones on the benzene rings changes the zincophilic activity and redox kinetics of the isomers, signifying the importance of spatial structure on the electrochemical performance. As a result, the 2,2′‐(1,4‐phenylenedithio) bis(1,4‐naphthoquinone) (p‐PNQ) with the smallest steric hindrance and the most independent redox of active sites exhibits a high specific capacity (279 mAh g−1), an outstanding rate capability (167 mAh g−1 at 100 A g−1), and a long‐term cycling lifetime (over 2800 h at 0.05 A g−1).
DLP‐Printable Porous Cryogels for 3D Soft Tactile Sensing
Authors: Cafiso Diana , Bernabei Federico , Lo Preti Matteo , Lantean Simone , Roppolo Ignazio , Pirri Candido Fabrizio , Beccai Lucia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree‐Dimensional (3D) printed porous materials hold the potential for various soft sensing applications due to their remarkable flexibility, low density, and customizable geometries. However, developing versatile and efficient fabrication methods is crucial to unlock their full potential. A novel approach is introduced by combining Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing and freeze‐drying to manufacture deformable cryogels featuring intricate morphologies. Photocurable hydrogels based on Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)Polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), Polyethylene glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) and Ethylene Glycol (EG) are successfully printed and lyophilized. In this way, porous cryogels with tailorable properties are achieved. Microporosity varies from 68% to 96%, according to the chemical composition. Ultra‐soft cryogels with a compressive modulus of 0.13MPa are fabricated by adding a reactive diluent. As a result of the cryogelation process, which effectively removes water from the hydrogels, microporous structures with details as fine as 100 µm are obtained. The achieved freedom of design is exploited to fabricate resistive force sensors with a honeycomb lattice morphology. The sensitivity and the working range of the sensors can be tailored by tuning the size of the cells, paving the way for sensors with programmable architectures that can meet diverse requirements.
Predicting Single Neuron Responses of the Primary Visual Cortex with Deep Learning Model
Authors: Deng Kaiwen , Schwendeman Peter S. , Guan Yuanfang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractModeling neuron responses to stimuli can shed light on next‐generation technologies such as brain‐chip interfaces. Furthermore, high‐performing models can serve to help formulate hypotheses and reveal the mechanisms underlying neural responses. Here the state‐of‐the‐art computational model is presented for predicting single neuron responses to natural stimuli in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. The algorithm incorporates object positions and assembles multiple models with different train‐validation data, resulting in a 15%–30% improvement over the existing models in cross‐subject predictions and ranking first in the SENSORIUM 2022 Challenge, which benchmarks methods for neuron‐specific prediction based on thousands of images. Importantly, The model reveals evidence that the spatial organizations of V1 are conserved across mice. This model will serve as an important noninvasive tool for understanding and utilizing the response patterns of primary visual cortex neurons.
Hyaluronidase‐Responsive Bactericidal Cryogel for Promoting Healing of Infected Wounds: Inflammatory Attenuation, ROS Scavenging, and Immune Regulation
Authors: Liu Menglong , Ding Rui , Li Zheng , Xu Na , Gong Yali , Huang Yong , Jia Jiezhi , Du Haiyan , Yu Yunlong , Luo Gaoxing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWounds infected with multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasingly threatening public health and challenging clinical treatments because of intensive bacterial colonization, excessive inflammatory responses, and superabundant oxidative stress. To overcome this malignant burden and promote wound healing, a multifunctional cryogel (HA/TA2/KR2) composed of hyaluronic acid (HA), tannic acid (TA), and KR‐12 peptides is designed. The cryogel exhibited excellent shape‐memory properties, strong absorption performance, and hemostatic capacity. In vitro experiments demonstrated that KR‐12 in the cryogel can be responsively released by stimulation with hyaluronidase produced by bacteria, reaching robust antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR‐PA), and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. Furthermore, the synergetic effect of KR‐12 and TA can efficiently scavenge ROS and decrease expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α & interleukin (IL)−6), as well as modulate the macrophage phenotype toward the M2 type. In vivo animal tests indicated that the cryogel can effectively destroy bacteria in the wound and promote healing process via accelerating angiogenesis and re‐epithelialization. Proteomic analysis revealed the underlying mechanism by which the cryogel mainly reshaped the infected wound microenvironment by inhibiting the Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling pathway and activating the Janus kinase‐Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT6) signaling pathway. Therefore, the HA/TA2/KR2 cryogel is a promising dressing candidate for MDR bacteria‐infected wound healing.
Exceptional Magnetocaloric Responses in a Gadolinium Silicate with Strongly Correlated Spin Disorder for Sub‐Kelvin Magnetic Cooling
Authors: Yang Ziyu W. , Zhang Jie , Liu Bo , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Lu Dabiao , Zhao Haoting , Pi Maocai , Cui Hongzhi , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Pan Zhao , Shen Yao , Li Shiliang , Long Youwen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of magnetocaloric materials with a significantly enhanced volumetric cooling capability is highly desirable for the application of adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators in confined spatial environments. Here, the thermodynamic characteristics of a magnetically frustrated spin‐7/2 Gd9.33[SiO4]6O2 is presented, which exhibits strongly correlated spin disorder below ≈1.5 K. A quantitative model is proposed to describe the magnetization results by incorporating nearest‐neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnetic and dipolar interactions. Remarkably, the recorded magnetocaloric responses are unprecedentedly large and applicable below 1.0 K. It is proposed that the S = 7/2 spin liquids serve as versatile platforms for investigating high‐performance magnetocaloric materials in the sub‐kelvin regime, particularly those exhibiting a superior cooling power per unit volume.
Molecular Engineering of Electrosprayed Hydrogel Microspheres to Achieve Synergistic Anti‐Tumor Chemo‐Immunotherapy with ACEA Cargo
Authors: Deng Youming , Li Jiayang , Tao Ran , Zhang Ke , Yang Rong , Qu Zhan , Zhang Yu , Huang Jinjian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMolecular engineering of drug delivering platforms to provide collaborative biological effects with loaded drugs is of great medical significance. Herein, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)‐ and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐targeting electrosprayed microspheres (MSs) are fabricated by loading with the CB1 agonist arachidonoyl 2′‐chloroethylamide (ACEA) and producing ROS in a photoresponsive manner. The synergistic anti‐tumor effects of ACEA and ROS released from the MSs are assessed. ACEA inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling and altered tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating CB1 to induce tumor cell death. The MSs are composed of glycidyl methacrylate‐conjugated xanthan gum (XGMA) and Fe3+, which form dual molecular networks based on a Fe3+‐(COO−)3 network and a C═C addition reaction network. Interestingly, the Fe3+‐(COO−)3 network can be disassembled instantly under the conditions of lactate sodium and ultraviolet exposure, and the disassembly is accompanied by massive ROS production, which directly injures tumor cells. Meanwhile, the transition of dual networks to a single network boosts the ACEA release. Together, the activities of the ACEA and MSs promote immunogenic tumor cell death and create a tumor‐suppressive TME by increasing M1‐like tumor‐associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells. In summation, this study demonstrates strong prospects of improving anti‐tumor effects of drug delivering platforms through molecular design.
Asymmetric Molecular Adsorption and Regioselective Bond Cleavage on Chiral PdGa Crystals
Authors: Merino‐Diez Nestor , Amador Raymond , Stolz Samuel T. , Passerone Daniele , Widmer Roland , Gröning Oliver 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHomogenous enantioselective catalysis is nowadays the cornerstone in the manufacturing of enantiopure substances, but its technological implementation suffers from well‐known impediments like the lack of endurable catalysts exhibiting long‐term stability. The catalytically active intermetallic compound Palladium‐Gallium (PdGa), conserving innate bulk chirality on its surfaces, represent a promising system to study asymmetric chemical reactions by heterogeneous catalysis, with prospective relevance for industrial processes. Here, this work investigates the adsorption of 10,10′‐dibromo‐9,9′‐bianthracene (DBBA) on the PdGa:A() Pd3‐terminated surface by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). A highly enantioselective adsorption of the molecule evolving into a near 100% enantiomeric excess below room temperature is observed. This exceptionally high enantiomeric excess is attributed to temperature activated conversion of the S to the R chiral conformer. Tip‐induced bond cleavage of the R conformer shows a very high regioselectivity of the DBBA debromination. The experimental results are interpreted by density functional theory atomistic simulations. This work extends the knowledge of chirality transfer onto the enantioselective adsorption of non‐planar molecules and manifests the ensemble effect of PdGa surfaces resulting in robust regioselective debromination.
On the Role of Bimetal‐Doped BaCoO3−𝛿 Perovskites as Highly Active Oxygen Electrodes of Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Kim Dongyeon , Jeong Incheol , Ahn Sejong , Oh Seeun , Im Ha‐Ni , Bae Hohan , Song Sun‐Ju , Lee Chan‐Woo , Jung WooChul , Lee Kang Taek 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProtonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) hold great promise as an energy conversion and storage technology at lower temperatures (400–650 °C). However, the sluggish reaction kinetics at the oxygen electrode hinder the electrochemical activity of PCECs. Herein, a series of bifunctional oxygen electrodes based on bimetal‐doped BaCoO3‐𝛿 (BCO) are reported. Doping hampers hexagonal perovskite formation and transforms BCO into cubic perovskite, improving water uptake and hydration abilities. Density functional theory calculations highlight the effects of phase transformation on the proton transport properties of oxygen electrodes. Notably, PCECs incorporating the bimetal‐doped electrodes exhibit maximum power densities of 3.15 W cm−2 (650 °C) and 2.25 W cm−2 (600 °C) in fuel cell mode, as well as a current density of 4.21 A cm−2 at 1.3 V (650 °C) in electrolysis cell mode, setting record‐high values. The findings provide insights into the rational design of bifunctional oxygen electrodes for high‐performance PCECs.