bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearities in phytoplankton groups across temperate high mountain lakes
Authors: Buchaca Teresa , Catalan Jordi 
Published: January 2024

Abstract

High mountain lakes are increasingly recognized as sentinel ecosystems of global change. Monitoring phytoplankton changes or reconstructing their composition from sedimentary records can help identify systemic changes in these lakes and their catchments.

This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of the major phytoplankton groups in high mountain lakes across environmental gradients and identify tipping points in relative dominance. The phytoplankton groups were estimated using pigment‐based chemotaxonomy in 79 lakes in the Pyrenees selected to cover the bedrock and elevation gradients. Fifty‐four environment variables were considered, including in‐lake and catchment descriptors.

Redundancy analyses showed that in‐lake descriptors override the explicative capacity of landscape variables. Generalized additive models and multivariate regression trees showed that water hardness, trophic state and food‐web descriptors were, in this order, the most influential factors determining phytoplankton group dominance. Calcium concentration of about 200 μeq L−1 defined the threshold between soft waters—with chrysophytes and chlorophytes showing a higher affinity for them—and harder waters that favour diatoms and cyanobacteria. Across the trophic gradient, there was a threshold at ~5 μg L−1 of total phosphorus (TP), chrysophytes being dominant below that TP value and cryptophytes above. The dominance of chlorophytes and cryptophytes increased with the density of macrozooplankton. Chrysophytes were significantly lower and diatoms higher in lakes with fish.

Synthesis. The relative abundance of phytoplankton groups in temperate high mountain lakes responds in a nonlinear way to the hardness of the water in the range 20–1195 Ca2+ μeq L−1 and the trophic state in the range 0.94–19 TP μg L −1. The thresholds across water hardness and trophic state gradients coincide with studies based on other organisms, pointing to a robust typology for mountain lakes that should be considered when selecting global change sentinel lakes and anticipating abrupt transitions across these thresholds.
Sensory processing in children with Paediatric Acute‐onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Authors: Newby Michelle J. , Lane Shelly J. , Haracz Kirsti , Tona Janice , Palazzi Kerrin , Lambkin David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research indicates that children with Paediatric Acute‐onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) experience sensory reactivity differences that impact occupational performance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in sensory reactivity in these children across two different time points; during exacerbation and during remission, using the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) Home‐Form. The study also sought to investigate whether children with PANS experience sensory differences during remission periods, when compared with SPM Home‐Form norms.MethodsA two‐period bidirectional case‐crossover design was used, and an online assessment was conducted to measure sensory reactivity. Parents of children aged 4.6 to 13.1 years with a diagnosis of PANS were recruited from various sites across Australia, USA, England, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, and New Zealand. The SPM Home‐Form was used to measure sensory reactivity at two time points, when PANS was in remission (T‐R) and in exacerbation (T‐E). Study entry was permitted at either T‐E or T‐R. Participant exacerbation status was monitored over a maximum 12‐month period, and a follow‐up SPM Home‐Form was sent when a change in exacerbation status was indicated. A linear mixed model was used to assess the difference between SPM Home‐Form norm‐referenced scores during exacerbation and remission.ResultsThe study included 82 participants, with 80 providing data at study entry, and 27 providing data at follow‐up. Results showed a statistically significant decline in performance across the SPM Home‐Form domains of Hearing, Social Participation, Planning and Ideas, and Total Sensory Systems T‐scores during exacerbation when compared with remission data. Results also demonstrated atypical sensory reactivity across Vision, Hearing, Touch, Balance and Motion, and Total Sensory Systems domains during periods of remission compared with SPM Home‐Form norms.ConclusionThis study found that children with PANS experience significant sensory reactivity differences during exacerbation and remission across multiple sensory domains, with a decline in performance during exacerbation. Where there are occupational performance challenges, occupational therapists should consider administering sensory assessments so that effective intervention plans addressing the unique sensory reactivity needs of children with PANS can be developed.
The effect of negative gearing and capital gains tax reform on home ownership
Authors: Warlters Michael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe article investigates the home ownership effects of abolishing deductions for negative gearing losses and halving the capital gains tax discount under Australian income tax laws. Home ownership evolves according to the balance of annual purchases and sales by owner‐occupiers and investors. This transaction‐based perspective on home ownership implies an important role for average holding periods, which determine the share of established homes sold each year. The tax change is estimated to increase the owner‐occupied share of the private dwelling stock by 4.7%, of which 2.1 percentage points are attributable to shorter investor holding periods.
Labour, the Unions and Proportional Representation
Authors: Herbert Cameron Rhys 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe Labour Party's support will likely be crucial to any major change of the voting system in the UK. While Labour has supported first past the post for most of its existence, a resolution was passed at the 2022 party conference calling for Labour to include in its manifesto a commitment to change the voting system to proportional representation after the next election. This resulted from an effective campaign by activists to change the party's policy on electoral reform. The position of the trade unions, often perceived to be conservative on constitutional issues, was particularly important. This article focusses on the campaign to change the opinion of the British trade union movement. It outlines the British trade union movement's historic reservations about electoral reform and then analyses the grassroots effort behind this movement, focussing on the organisation of Make Votes Matter, Labour for a New Democracy, and Politics for the Many. The article concludes by offering insights into the potential long‐term consequences of this campaign and its potential impact on the ideological direction of the Labour Party.
Action‐time‐controlled tabletop gamification improves physician‒nurse collaborative emergency room evacuation training
Authors: Wang Po‐Hua , Chang Hung‐Chieh , Hong Ming‐Yuan , Lin I‐Chen , Chen Szu‐Yin , Chi Chih‐Hsien , Chuang Chia‐Chang , Kao Chia‐Lung , Lin Chih‐Hao 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis article is an example of Lessons from the Field highlighting the practical implementation of a novel time‐controlled mechanism in the gamification of emergency department evacuation training via tabletop exercise. Tabletop exercise is one of the most common drill types for disaster preparedness. It is easy to use, effective, and low in cost, but it has some shortcomings. For example, its lack of authenticity is often criticized. We add a time‐control mechanism to the tabletop exercise and use settings similar to real events in an attempt to increase the authenticity of the tabletop exercise and the learning effect. We completed a 3‐h tabletop gamification of emergency room evacuation, which included a time control mechanism. Medical staff in our emergency department were asked to join this tabletop training. We evaluated the effectiveness of the time‐control tabletop exercise through the results of the pretest and posttests and feedback from the participants. A total of 97 emergency medical staff from the Emergency Department of Cheng Kung University Hospital, including 64 nurses, 29 emergency doctors and four nurse practitioners, participated in this tabletop exercise. After experiencing the time‐control tabletop exercise, the participants significantly improved their approach to mass casualty incidents, their method for evacuating patients, and their triage skills. The correct answer rate for the pretest and post‐test rose from 68.75% to 94.33% with statistically significant. The feedback from the participants also showed that the time‐control tabletop exercise was interesting and could increase learning motivation. The time‐control mechanism had a positive impact on the learning effect. It increased the reality of tabletop exercises, promoted participants' learning motivation, and improved their performance on the test.
‘Because it matters’
Authors: Bayley Brendan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBasic economic logic, which often simplifies assessments and explanations of agricultural policy issues, is vitally important in communicating with policy‐makers. Resources are limited, and there is a premium on getting decisions at least approximately right first time. Examples from southern Africa illustrate the importance of parity pricing, and its links to household food security (Lesotho), price risk, the emergence of an agricultural futures market, and its central role in allocating scarce agricultural resources (South Africa). Insights derived from an appreciation of parity pricing are relevant in other national contexts and also help explain how international grain markets operate. The parity pricing concept provides a framework for sense‐checking complicated debates relating to two issues that have been prominent in recent years; first, whether and to what extent speculation in futures markets has been a driver of agricultural price spikes, and second, how far indirect land use change (ILUC), triggered by the use of agricultural feedstocks to produce renewable energy, is a material issue. These issues are likely to be of heightened importance in the face of climate change. Each emphasises that agricultural economics matters, and that it matters that we get the economics right.
Implication of intestinal microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia: A systematic review
Authors: Palma‐Ordóñez Juan Francisco , Moreno‐Fernández Ana María , Ramírez‐Tejero Jorge Antolín , Durán‐González Elena , Martínez‐Lara Antonio , Cotán David 
Published: January 2024

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) is a highly prevalent chronic disease. About 4.7% of the world's population suffers from generalized pain and hypersensitivity, in addition to a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms. The etiopathogenesis of this disease is multifactorial, which makes its diagnosis and treatment challenging. Recently, the increase in the number of studies on microbiota has provided new data that can help to understand the onset and development of FM. An updated systematic review of the causes of FM has been carried out in this work. Particularly in the last decade, research has focused on the gut–brain axis, which has emerged as a crucial mechanism for microbiota‐host crosstalk. In FM patients, quantitative imbalances of the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) and bacterial metabolites with differential relative abundance have been found, especially short‐chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides. Furthermore, the microbiota has been found to indirectly influence host neurotransmitter mechanisms, mainly through the serotonin precursor, glutamate, and gamma‐aminobutyric acid. Thus, all these mechanisms and their influence on the etiopathogenesis of FM are discussed in this review.
Factors associated with prolonged progression‐free survival of patients treated with first‐line afatinib for advanced epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chiu Li‐Chung , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Wang Chin‐Chou , Ko How‐Wen , Kuo Scott Chih‐Hsi , Ju Jia‐Shiuan , Tung Pi‐Hung , Huang Allen Chung‐Cheng , Yang Cheng‐Ta 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the factors associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) (>36 months) of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations treated with first‐line afatinib.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of data of patients with advanced EGFR‐mutated NSCLC receiving first‐line afatinib at two tertiary care referral centers, Linkou and Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, in Taiwan between June 2014 and April 2022.ResultsThe data of 546 treatment‐naïve EGFR‐mutated advanced NSCLC patients were analyzed. Median PFS and overall survival were 14.5 months and 27.2 months, respectively. The PFS of 462 patients (84.6%) was less than 36 months and of 84 patients (15.4%) was more than 36 months. The PFS > 36 months group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with uncommon mutations (p = 0.002). The PFS ≤36 months group had significantly higher incidences of bone, liver, and adrenal metastases (all p < 0.05) and a higher rate of multiple distant metastases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that liver metastasis was negatively and independently associated with prolonged PFS (adjusted odds ratio = 0.246 [95% CI: 0.067–0.908], p = 0.035). The median overall survival of the PFS >36 months group was 46.0 months and that of the PFS ≤36 months group was 22.9 months (log‐rank test, p < 0.001).ConclusionsWe found that EGFR‐mutated NSCLC patients receiving first‐line afatinib were prone to shorter PFS if they had distant organ metastasis, especially liver metastasis.
Efficacy and safety of 40 mg osimertinib administered every other day for non‐small cell lung cancer harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor mutation: A single‐center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Otsuki Ayumu , Inoshima Naoki , Tochigi Kentaro , Ito Hiroyuki , Nakashima Kei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractOsimertinib is a first‐line or adjuvant therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. However, owing to the adverse events associated with treatment, certain patients cannot maintain a daily regimen of 80 or 40 mg. In this study, we examined the efficacy of 40 mg of osimertinib administered every other day. In this single‐center, retrospective study, we evaluated patients with NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation in whom treatment was initiated with 40 mg osimertinib every other day at our institution between May 2016 and June 2023. The major outcome was the duration of administering 40 mg osimertinib every other day. Six patients with NSCLC were evaluated. The median duration of 40 mg osimertinib intake every other day was 12.6 months. Four of the six patients weighed below 50 kg, and four experienced weight loss. Additionally, four of the six patients had severe renal impairment upon receiving 40 mg osimertinib every other day. Thus, our findings suggest the efficacy of administering 40 mg osimertinib every other day in patients with low bodyweight, weight loss, or severe renal impairment.
A histological study of the protracted dismantling of the spent (Sertoli‐only) shark spermatocyst post‐spermiation: Insight from species with or without testis‐associated lymphomyeloid tissue
Authors: McClusky Leon Mendel , Nielsen Julius 
Published: January 2024

AbstractSertoli cells of sharks are non‐permanent components of the spermatocyst that they share exclusively with only one germ cell stage. After spermiation, all Sertoli cells, and thus the whole spent cyst, are disposed of in an area adjacent to the spermatozoal spermatocysts, that is, the resorption zone (RZ). Differences in the histology and magnitude of the RZ of the mature blue shark and Greenland shark correlate with differences in how spent cysts are dismantled. In the blue shark's RZ, the spent cyst's Sertoli nuclei were synchronously and stepwise fragmented into pyknotic bodies that were eventually resorbed in a whorl in the RZ interstitium. Conversely, cyst dismantling in the Greenland shark, that also lacked a spatially definitive RZ, revealed redundancy. One mode entailed the sloughing of the bulky Sertoli nuclei through an indistinct cyst–ductule transition area into its attached collecting ductule. A second mode entailed the asynchronous, progressive fragmentation of the bulky Sertoli nuclei into membrane‐enclosed pyknotic bodies. Both these modes solely entailed an internally coordinated demise of the spent cyst and whose basal lamina remained intact almost right to the end. Whatever the underlying mechanisms of these differences, these findings nonetheless reveal species‐specificity in the clearing up of the elasmobranch testicular parenchyma after the completion of a round of spermiogenesis. One consideration is the blue shark's expansive immune cell augmented RZ, that adjoins the animal's bone marrow equivalent tissue. The notable finding of a second conspicuous Sertoli cell type in the Greenland shark's spent cysts is also discussed.
Associations of drusen location with risk factors and incidence of late age‐related macular degeneration in the Alienor study
Authors: Sénéclauze Arnaud , Le Goff Mélanie , Cougnard‐Grégoire Audrey , Korobelnik Jean‐François , Rougier Marie‐Bénédicte , Delyfer Marie‐Noëlle , Delcourt Cécile , Gattoussi Sarra 
Published: January 2024

AbstractPurposeTo test the hypothesis that central drusen location is strongly linked with known Age‐related Macular Degeneration (AMD) risk factors and risk of incident late AMD.MethodsThe Alienor study is a prospective population‐based cohort study of residents of Bordeaux, France, followed from 2009 to 2017. On retinal photographs, we defined central drusen as at least one soft drusen (>63 μm) within 500 μm from fovea and pericentral drusen as at least one drusen 500–3000 μm from fovea, in the absence of any central drusen. Late AMD (atrophic and/or neovascular) was diagnosed using multimodal imaging. In total, 481 eyes were included in the analysis: 160 central and 321 pericentral. We investigated associations with systemic (age, sex, smoking, medical prescriptions, plasma concentrations of lipids and nutrients, UV exposure, blood pressure), ocular (retinal thickness, cataract extraction) and genetic risk scores (GRS).ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression central drusen were associated with smoking (OR, 2.95 for smoking more than 20 pack‐years, p = 0.02), HDL‐cholesterol (OR, 1.57 for 1 standard deviation (SD) increase, p = 0.0048), pulse pressure (OR, 0.77 for 1 SD increase, p = 0.04), Age‐Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) GRS (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11–1.83) and complement GRS (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15–2.10). In Cox modelling, the central location of drusen (at baseline or during the follow‐up) was associated with a 4.41‐fold increased risk (95% CI,1.98–9.81) for an incident late AMD.ConclusionCentral drusen were strongly associated with AMD risk factors and incident late AMD, suggesting that it represents a key marker for AMD progression.
How should the liver be approached in patients with severe abdominal wall varices?
Authors: Fukami Yasuyuki , Saito Takuya , Osawa Takaaki , Suzuki Kenta , Komatsu Shunichiro , Sano Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlthough liver resection in patients with abdominal wall varices (AWV) is rare, we should have a special surgical strategy for the liver in such cases. We report our experience of approaching the liver in a patient with severe AWV. The patient was a 77‐year‐old man who had undergone inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement for a pulmonary embolism 10 years prior. Severe AWV due to complete IVC obstruction appeared 3 years ago. The patient was diagnosed with intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct and referred to our hospital. Although it was difficult to see the small AWV, it was necessary to avoid bleeding due to AWV injury. The ports were inserted while confirming the AWV with indocyanine green (ICG) imaging, and laparoscopic left hepatectomy was performed. Our approach to the liver using abdominal wall ICG imaging might be a standard strategy to avoid severe AWV injury.
How many houses should one own?: A subsidiarity and distributist‐based critique of real estate investors accumulation of houses
Authors: Gustafson Andrew 
Published: January 2024

AbstractDistributivism holds that private property should be widely distributed among as many as possible and that such a distribution best serves the common good. This paper applies a distributist approach rooted in subsidiarity to the contemporary issue of the unaffordability of single‐family homes and the impact of investors buying up more single‐family homes, increasing their own wealth at the expense of typical home buyers. Here, we will first consider multiple factors in the housing “crisis,” then highlight the impact of investors on the market. Second, we will consider a critique and analysis of the situation from a distributist perspective, rooted in principles of private property, solidarity, dignity, and subsidiarity (particularly turning to G.K. Chesterton's view on the importance of home). Due consideration is given to some objections to such a distributist critique, with response. Finally, several examples of proposals and implemented practices are provided to discourage this growing trend concerning the concentration of ownership of housing by investors and to better enable homeownership by families.
Therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in chronic inflammatory diseases: A snapshot of laboratories and applications across Europe
Authors: Skrede Silje , Bogavac‐Stanojević Nataša , Dreesen Erwin , Nielsen Elisabet , Zaninotto Martina , Mulleman Denis 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action ENOTTA (The European Network on Optimising Treatment with Therapeutic Antibodies in chronic inflammatory diseases) was launched in 2022. To pave the way for harmonization of analytical methods for quantitation of serum levels of therapeutic antibodies in research and clinical settings, ENOTTA recently performed an online survey mapping laboratories in the field. The survey, which contained 30 questions surrounding therapeutic drug monitoring of relevant drugs and anti‐drug antibodies, was distributed via the ENOTTA and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory networks. Among 63 respondents across Europe, 45 reported analytical activity, with a range of utilized methods. Future engagement of as many sites as possible will enable comparison of methodologies and facilitate progress in the field.