bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas With or Without Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 511 Patients
Authors: Wan Shuling , Han Guangyu , Huang Xiangqian , Guo Yibing , Chen Jian , Zhou Da , Wu Chuanjie , Ji Xunming , Ding Yuchuan , Meng Ran 
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Recent studies suggest a bidirectional relationship of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with DAVF with or without CVT and to analyze the risk factors for the coexistence of CVT in a DAVF population.

METHODS:
A total of 511 adult patients with DAVF were enrolled consecutively in our hospital from February 2019 through November 2022. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, and imaging characteristics were reviewed in detail. The patients with DAVF were divided into two groups: DAVF with CVT (DAVF-CVT) group and without CVT (DAVF alone) group. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors for the coexistence of CVT and DAVF.

RESULTS:
CVT was found in 19.8% of patients with DAVF. In univariate analysis, compared with the DAVF-alone group, the DAVF-CVT group was more likely to have tinnitus (P = .001), blurred vision (P < .001), visual field loss (P = .001), focal neurological deficits (P = .002), seizures (P = .008), and cognitive impairment (P = .046) and less likely to have spinal cord/brain stem dysfunction (P = .004). In addition, there were significant differences in age (P = .009), sex (P = .019), the occurrence of venous cerebral infarction (P = .001), and DAVF location (P < .001) between the two groups. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that blurred vision, venous cerebral infarction, large sinus DAVF, and multiple DAVF were risk factors for the coexistence of CVT in patients with DAVF, with the odds ratio of 2.416 (95% CI 1.267-4.606, P = .007), 6.018 (95% CI 1.289-28.100, P = .022), 5.801 (95% CI 2.494-13.496, P < .001), and 5.640 (95% CI 2.122-14.989, P = .001), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
CVT occurred in approximately one fifth of patients with DAVF. Blurred vision, venous cerebral infarction, large sinus DAVF, and multiple DAVF may be the risk factors for predicting the coexistence of CVT in patients with DAVF.
Mechanical resilience of the sessile tunicate Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Kwon Younghoon , Singh Shambhavi , Rodriguez Delany , Chau Allison L. , Pitenis Angela A. , De Tomaso Anthony W. , Valentine Megan T. 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate that the sessile tunicate Botryllus schlosseri is remarkably resilient to applied loads by attaching the animals to an extensile substrate subjected to quasistatic equiradial loads. Animals can withstand radial extension of the substrate to strain values as high as 20% before they spontaneously detach. In the small to moderate strain regime, we found no relationship between the dynamic size of the external vascular bed and the magnitude of applied stretch, despite known force sensitivities of the vascular tissue at the cellular level. We attribute this resilience to the presence and mechanical properties of the tunic, the cellulose-enriched gel-like substance that encases the animal bodies and surrounding vasculature.
A human mesenchymal spheroid prototype to replace moderate severity animal procedures in leukaemia drug testing
Authors: Wilson Aaron , Hockney Sean , Parker Jessica , Angel Sharon , Blair Helen , Pal Deepali 
Published: November 2023

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are regarded as gold standard preclinical models in leukaemia research, especially in testing new drug combinations where typically 45-50 mice are used per assay. 9000 animal experiments are performed annually in the UK in leukaemia research with these expensive procedures being classed as moderate severity, meaning they cause significant pain, suffering and visible distress to animal’s state. Furthermore, not all clinical leukaemia samples engraft and when they do data turnaround time can be between 6-12 months. Heavy dependence on animal models is because clinical leukaemia samples do not proliferate in vitro. Alternative cell line models though popular for drug testing are not biomimetic – they are not dependent on the microenvironment for survival, growth and treatment response and being derived from relapse samples they do not capture the molecular complexity observed at disease presentation. Here we have developed an in vitro platform to rapidly establish co-cultures of patient-derived leukaemia cells with 3D bone marrow mesenchyme spheroids, BM-MSC-spheroids. We optimise protocols for developing MSC-spheroid leukaemia co-culture using clinical samples and deliver drug response data within a week. Using three patient samples representing distinct cytogenetics we show that patient-derived-leukaemia cells show enhanced proliferation when co-cultured with MSC-spheroids. In addition, MSC-spheroids provided improved protection against treatment. This makes our spheroids suitable to model treatment resistance – a major hurdle in current day cancer management Given this 3Rs approach is 12 months faster (in delivering clinical data), is a human cell-based biomimetic model and uses 45-50 fewer animals/drug-response assay the anticipated target end-users would include academia and pharmaceutical industry. This animal replacement prototype would facilitate clinically translatable research to be performed with greater ethical, social and financial sustainability.
Identification of informative genes and sub-pathways using Improved Differential Expression Analysis for Pathways (iDEAP) for cancer classification
Authors: Nasarudin Nurul Athirah , Mohamad Mohd Saberi , Zakaria Zalmiyah , O. Sinnott Richard , Al Jasmi Fatma , Al Dhaheri Noura 
Published: November 2023

Background: Pathway-based analysis primarily focuses on sub-pathway-based analysis, which aids in understanding biological reactions. Several studies have found abnormalities in pathways caused by certain regions based on the etiology of diseases. The Differential Expression Analysis for Pathways (DEAP) method is one such sub-pathway-based analysis method, that identifies a local region perturbed by complex diseases based on larger pathway data. However, the method has low performance in identifying informative pathways and sub-pathways. Methods: In this paper we propose an improved DEAP (iDEAP) method for enhanced identification of perturbed sub-pathways that achieves higher performance in the detection of differentially expressed pathways. Firstly, a search algorithm adapted from the Detect Module from Seed Protein (DMSP) algorithm was implemented as part of the DEAP method to search for informative sub-pathways. Secondly, the relation among sub-pathways was taken into account by averaging the maximum absolute value for the DEAP score for the reaction among sub-pathways to support the efficient identification of informative pathways. Three gene expression data sets were applied to this research. Results: The proposed improved method shows a better performance over the previous methods. In fact, when the identified genes from the results were assessed using 10-fold cross validation to classify cancer based on accuracy, the improved method shows higher accuracy for colorectal cancer (90%) and breast cancer (94%). Conclusions: This shows that the proposed method effectively identifies informative genes related to the targeted phenotype. A biological validation was also conducted on the top five significant pathways and selected genes based on biological literature. The results from this analysis will be useful especially in the medical field for disease detection. In 10 years and beyond, computational biology will become ever more entwined with biomedical research and medicine.
Reaching for Yield and the Cross Section of Bond Returns
Authors: Chen Qianwen , Choi Jaewon 
Published: November 2023

Reaching for yield, which we define as an investor preference for higher-yield bonds at a given rating or for higher-rated bonds at given yields, is associated with inflated valuation and thus negatively predicts risk-adjusted returns. Controlling for ratings, alphas are lower for higher-yield bonds, whereas, controlling for yields, alphas are lower for safer-looking, higher-rated bonds. Future bond returns are particularly low when current interest rates are low and demand from yield-reaching investors increases. These bonds experience more frequent downgrades and defaults, suggesting that they are riskier despite their high valuation. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The e-companion and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4920 .
Experiences of hospice dementia care: A qualitative study of bereaved carers and hospice clinicians
Authors: Bosco A. , Di Lorito C. , Dunlop M. , Booth A. , Alexander D. , Jones S. , Underwood B. R. , Todd C. , Burns A. 
Published: November 2023

Background
Nearly 50 million people worldwide have dementia and the increasing numbers requiring end-of-life and palliative care, has led to national efforts to define standards of care for this patient group. Little research, however, has been done to date about the experience of hospice care for people with dementia accessing these services. This study explores the views of hospice dementia care for bereaved carers of people with dementia and hospice clinicians.

Methods
We used purposive sampling for participant recruitment. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with bereaved carers and hospice clinical staff. Interviews were audio recorded and the transcriptions were analysed through thematic analysis. A total of 12 participants were interviewed from one service in the Northwest region in the UK. All were female and white British.

Results
Participants described their experience of hospice dementia care in three main themes: Pre-access to service, roles and responsibility within hospice care, ease and difficulty of last period of end-of-life care.

Conclusion
Rapid response teams delivering hospice home care could represent a better option to inpatient care and may be preferred by patients. This type of service, however, may require joined-up care with other community services, and this type of care needs to be considered and planned. Future studies should evaluate this type of community care.
A review of green hydrogen production by renewable resources
Authors: Hassan Qusay , Algburi Sameer , Sameen Aws Zuhair , Salman Hayder M. , Al-Jiboory Ali Khudhair 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the burgeoning field of green hydrogen production through the utilization of renewable resources. As the global demand for clean and sustainable energy escalates, green hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution, garnering significant attention due to its potential to decarbonize various sectors. The study encapsulates a thorough exploration of the key methodologies employed in harnessing renewable sources such as wind, solar, and hydroelectric power for hydrogen generation. The analysis encompasses both technological aspects and environmental implications, shedding light on efficiency, scalability, and feasibility. Moreover, the review evaluates the economic viability and policy frameworks that underpin the integration of green hydrogen into existing energy systems. By synthesizing findings from a multitude of research endeavors, this study underscores the current advancements, challenges, and future prospects in the realm of green hydrogen production. Ultimately, this review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of sustainable energy pathways but also provides insights that can guide the evolution of green hydrogen technologies toward a more environmentally conscious and energy-abundant future.
Anisotropic honeycomb stack metamaterials of graphene for ultrawideband terahertz absorption
Authors: Liu Xueying , Xie Yinong , Qiu Jinlin , Chen Wei , Liu Yineng , Zhu Jinfeng 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Graphene aerogels have implied great potential for electromagnetic wave absorption. However, the investigation of their design for broadband absorption in the terahertz (THz) range remains insufficient. Here, we propose an anisotropic honeycomb stack metamaterial (AHSM) based on graphene to achieve ultrawideband THz absorption. The absorption mechanism is elucidated using the effective medium method, offering deeper physics insights. At low THz frequencies, the impedance matching from the air to the AHSM can be improved by reducing the chemical potential of graphene for high absorption. There is a suppression of absorption at the intermediate frequencies due to constructive interference, which can be avoided by shortening the sizes of honeycomb edges. With the aim to elevate absorption at high frequencies, one can increase the stack layer number to enhance multiple reflections and destructive interference within the metastructure. Based on the above principles, we design an AHSM that achieves a broadband absorbance of over 90 % from 1 THz to 10 THz. This absorption can tolerate a wide range of incident angles for both TE and TM wave excitations. Our research will provide a theoretical guide to future experimental exploration of graphene aerogels for THz metamaterial absorber applications.
Decellularized extracellular matrix as a promising biomaterial for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration
Authors: Luo Rong , Hu Ruonan , Xu Jiawei , Yu Peiyun , Wu Xinyu , Zhe Man , Liu Ming , Xing Fei , Xiang Zhou , Zhou Changchun , Fan Yujiang , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The emergence of tissue engineering provides an alternative therapeutic strategy for various regeneration. It is the crucial step for choosing an ideal scaffold to support the cellular behaviors of various functional cells. Various biomaterials have been found or synthesized and applied to tissue repair. Among these biomaterials, as a natural-derived material, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from cells, tissues, and organs is attracting more and more interest due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to mimic a microenvironment similar to extracellular matrix. More and more researchers utilized dECM derived from cells, tissues, and organs to fabricate tissue-engineered scaffolds to repair musculoskeletal tissues, since the bioactive molecules of dECM, such as fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins, could provide various bioactive cues for tissue regeneration and remodeling. The physiochemical properties of dECM can be enhanced by changing decellularization and modification techniques. In addition, dECM can act as carriers of drugs, factors, or exosomes, delivering agents to injured tissues and promoting tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, we conduct this review to discuss the current status and challenges of dECM in repairing the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, the fabrication and modification of dECM were also discussed in our study.
Helium Optically Pumped Magnetometers Can Detect Epileptic Abnormalities as Well as SQUIDs as Shown by Intracerebral Recordings
Authors: Badier Jean-Michel , Schwartz Denis , Bénar Christian-George , Kanzari Khoubeib , Daligault Sébastien , Romain Rudy , Mitryukovskiy Sergey , Fourcault William , Josselin Vincent , Le Prado Matthieu , Jung Julien , Palacios-Laloy Augustin , Romain Carron , Bartolomei Fabrice , Labyt Etienne , Bonini Francesca 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMagnetoencephalography based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) has been shown to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment decision for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Still, its use remains limited because of several constraints such as cost, fixed helmet size, and the obligation of immobility. A new generation of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), could overcome these limitations. In this study, we validate the ability of helium-based OPM (4He-OPM) sensors to record epileptic brain activity thanks to simultaneous recordings with intracerebral EEG [stereotactic EEG (SEEG)]. We recorded simultaneous SQUIDs-SEEG and 4He-OPM-SEEG signals in one patient during two sessions. We show that epileptic activities on intracerebral EEG can be recorded by OPMs with a better signal-to noise ratio than classical SQUIDs. The OPM sensors open new venues for the widespread application of magnetoencephalography in the management of epilepsy and other neurologic diseases and fundamental neuroscience.
Low Glycolysis Is Neuroprotective during Anoxic Spreading Depolarization (SD) and Reoxygenation in Locusts
Authors: Wang (王宇扬) Yuyang , Little Alexander G. , Aristizabal Maria J. , Robertson R. Meldrum 
Published: November 2023

AbstractMigratory locusts enter a reversible hypometabolic coma to survive environmental anoxia, wherein the cessation of CNS activity is driven by spreading depolarization (SD). While glycolysis is recognized as a crucial anaerobic energy source contributing to animal anoxia tolerance, its influence on the anoxic SD trajectory and recovery outcomes remains poorly understood. We investigated the effects of varying glycolytic capacity on adult female locust anoxic SD parameters, using glucose or the glycolytic inhibitors 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) or monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Surprisingly, 2DG treatment shared similarities with glucose yet had opposite effects compared with MIA. Specifically, although SD onset was not affected, both glucose and 2DG expedited the recovery of CNS electrical activity during reoxygenation, whereas MIA delayed it. Additionally, glucose and MIA, but not 2DG, increased tissue damage and neural cell death following anoxia-reoxygenation. Notably, glucose-induced injuries were associated with heightened CO2output during the early phase of reoxygenation. Conversely, 2DG resulted in a bimodal response, initially dampening CO2output and gradually increasing it throughout the recovery period. Given the discrepancies between effects of 2DG and MIA, the current results require cautious interpretations. Nonetheless, our findings present evidence that glycolysis is not a critical metabolic component in either anoxic SD onset or recovery and that heightened glycolysis during reoxygenation may exacerbate CNS injuries. Furthermore, we suggest that locust anoxic recovery is not solely dependent on energy availability, and the regulation of metabolic flux during early reoxygenation may constitute a strategy to mitigate damage.
Establishing the Roles of the Dorsal and Ventral Striatum in Humor Comprehension and Appreciation with fMRI
Authors: Prenger Margaret , Gilchrist Madeline , Van Hedger Kathryne , Seergobin Ken N. , Owen Adrian M. , MacDonald Penny A. 
Published: November 2023

Humor comprehension (i.e., getting a joke) and humor appreciation (i.e., enjoying a joke) are distinct, cognitively complex processes. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigations have identified several key cortical regions but have overlooked subcortical structures that have theoretical importance in humor processing. The dorsal striatum (DS) contributes to working memory, ambiguity processing, and cognitive flexibility, cognitive functions that are required to accurately recognize humorous stimuli. The ventral striatum (VS) is critical in reward processing and enjoyment. We hypothesized that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively. We investigated the engagement of these regions in these distinct processes using fMRI. Twenty-six healthy young male and female human adults completed two humor-elicitation tasks during a 3 tesla fMRI scan consisting of a traditional behavior-based joke task and a naturalistic audiovisual sitcom paradigm (i.e.,Seinfeldviewing task). Across both humor-elicitation methods, whole-brain analyses revealed cortical activation in the inferior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus, and the middle temporal gyrus for humor comprehension, and the temporal cortex for humor appreciation. Additionally, with region of interest analyses, we specifically examined whether DS and VS activation correlated with these processes. Across both tasks, we demonstrated that humor comprehension implicates both the DS and the VS, whereas humor appreciation only engages the VS. These results establish the role of the DS in humor comprehension, which has been previously overlooked, and emphasize the role of the VS in humor processing more generally.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumorous stimuli are processed by the brain in at least two distinct stages. First, humor comprehension involves understanding humorous intent through cognitive and problem-solving mechanisms. Second, humor appreciation involves enjoyment, mirth, and laughter in response to a joke. The roles of smaller subcortical brain regions in humor processing, such as the DS and VS, have been overlooked in previous investigations. However, these regions are involved in functions that support humor comprehension (e.g., working memory ambiguity resolution, and cognitive flexibility) and humor appreciation (e.g., reward processing, pleasure, and enjoyment). In this study, we used neuroimaging to demonstrate that the DS and VS play important roles in humor comprehension and appreciation, respectively, across two different humor-elicitation tasks.
Administrative law as a determinant of public health
Authors: Thomson Stephen 
Published: November 2023

AbstractAdministrative law comprises the rules, values, and processes by which government and regulatory decision-making is subject to administrative monitoring, review, and accountability. It impacts public health in two ways: through the design, powers, and processes of institutions that enforce administrative law; and through the substantive rules of administrative law. Yet despite its fundamental regulation of the way in which public health decisions are made, insufficient research has been conducted on administrative law as a determinant of public health. Administrative law and public health operate as siloed academic disciplines with very little cross-disciplinary collaboration, engagement, or understanding. This results in major, untapped research opportunities exploring how administrative law could contribute to an optimized model of planetary health in both higher income and lower-middle income countries. Put simply, a holistic, global view of the determinants of public health must take due account of the accountability rules and controls that regulate how public health, and other, decisions are made. This commentary is a call to action to better understand how administrative law mechanisms, such as judicial review, administrative tribunals, ombudsmen, information commissioners, public auditors, and human rights monitors, can be designed or redesigned to better promote sustainable public health outcomes.