bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From “Green Movement” to “Woman, Life, Freedom”: Continuity and Change in the Evolution of the Protest Movement in Iran
Authors: Khalili Mostafa 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
The “woman, life, freedom” protest movement that started in September 2022 and lasted for several months is arguably the largest set of demonstrations in Iran since the formation of the Islamic Republic. Its most noticeable characteristic compared to the “Green Movement” in 2009, has been the radicalization of slogans and the transformation of the demands from the quest for reform to seeking regime change. This article briefly examines the socio-political processes that triggered the disappointment of the public with top-down reform, resulting in the gradual radicalization of protesters’ demands between those two movements. It is argued that the failure of the reformists to implement sustainable top-down transformation in politics gave rise to the rapid spread of nationwide bottom-up, unorganized forms of resistance. While their forms, aims, and mobilization incentives have been highly diverse, participants converge in perceiving regime change as the only alternative solution.
Innovations amid Gaps between Policy and Practice for Sustainable Development
Authors: Chien Herlin , Lin Shu-ling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
This study asks under what institutional condition or governance structure might the gap between policy and practice be conducive to innovative practices. It examines how social innovations are formed amid gaps between policy and practice to tame a wicked problem and achieve sustainable development. First, data was gathered during the implementation of a livestock wastewater policy in four municipalities in southern Taiwan where livestock wastewater pollution is rampant and presents a wicked problem. Next, the focus narrowed to the governing network, namely metagovernance, ignoring other factors such as the role of the social entrepreneur. The article argues that the gap between policy and practice can be framed as a window of opportunity, with positive connotations for policy implementation innovation. The authors analyze the empirical and showcase how innovations, represented by the heterogeneity of metagovernance, were generated in a recursive manner amid gaps between policy and practice in different localities.
Detection of Vertebral Mass and Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Compression in Computed Tomography With Deep Learning Reconstruction: Comparison With Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction
Authors: Fujita Nana , Yasaka Koichiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Okimoto Naomasa , Konishiike Mao , Abe Osamu 
Published: October 2023

Purpose To compare the impact of deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and hybrid-iterative reconstruction (hybrid-IR) on vertebral mass depiction, detection, and diagnosis of spinal cord compression on computed tomography (CT). Methods This retrospective study included 29 and 20 patients with and without vertebral masses. CT images were reconstructed using DLR and hybrid-IR. Three readers performed vertebral mass detection tests and evaluated the presence of spinal cord compression, the depiction of vertebral masses, and image noise. Quantitative image noise was measured by placing regions of interest on the aorta and spinal cord. Results Deep learning reconstruction tended to improve the performance of readers with less diagnostic imaging experience in detecting vertebral masses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.892-0.966) compared with hybrid-IR (AUC = 0.839-0.917). Diagnostic performance in evaluating spinal cord compression in DLR (AUC = 0.887-0.995) also improved compared with that in hybrid-IR (AUC = 0.866-0.942) for some readers. The depiction of vertebral masses and subjective image noise in DLR were significantly improved compared with those in hybrid-IR ( P < .041). Quantitative image noise in DLR was also significantly reduced compared with that in hybrid-IR ( P < .001). Conclusion Deep learning reconstruction improved the depiction of vertebral masses, which resulted in a tendency to improve the performance of CT compared to hybrid-IR in detecting vertebral masses and diagnosing spinal cord compression for some readers.
Systemic and local complement activation in peritoneal dialysis patients via conceivably distinct pathways
Authors: Faria Bernardo , Gaya da Costa Mariana , Meter-Arkema Anita H , Berger Stefan P , Lima Carla , Pêgo Catia , van den Born Jacob , Franssen Casper FM , Daha Mohamed R , Pestana Manuel , Seelen Marc A , Poppelaars Felix 
Published: October 2023

Background: Despite several advantages compared to haemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains an underused dialysis technique due to its high technique failure rate related to membrane fibrosis and peritonitis events. Previous work has suggested a harmful role for the complement system in these processes, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive examination in PD. Methods: Plasma levels of C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), Properdin, Factor D, C3d/C3-ratio and soluble membrane attack complex (sC5b-9) were determined in PD patients ( n = 55), HD patients ( n = 41), non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients ( n = 15) and healthy controls ( n = 14). Additionally, C1q, MBL, Properdin, Factor D and sC5b-9 levels were assessed in the peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). In a subgroup, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase were measured in the PDF. Results: PD patients had significantly higher systemic levels of sC5b-9 compared to healthy controls, CKD and HD patients ( p < 0.001). Plasma levels of C1q and C3d/C3-ratios were significantly associated with systemic sC5b-9 levels ( p < 0.001). Locally, sC5b-9 was detected in the PDF of all PD patients, and levels were approximately 33% of those in matched plasma, but they did not correlate. In the PDF, only Properdin levels remained significantly associated with PDF sC5b-9 levels in multivariate analysis ( p < 0.001). Additionally, PDF levels of sC5b-9 positively correlated with elastase, MPO and MMP-2 levels in the PDF ( p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our data reveal both systemic and local complement activation in PD patients. Furthermore, these two processes seem independent considering the involvement of different pathways and the lack of correlation.
Effect of a Home-Based Simplified Tai Chi Exercise Program on Sleep Quality, Daytime Sleepiness, Quality of Life, and Psychological Well-Being in Egyptian Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Ibrahim Fatma M. , Fadila Doaa E. , Elshatarat Rami A. , Ibrahim Ateya M. , Abd Elmawla Doaa A. 
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are common among older adults and can have detrimental effects on their overall well-being. Tai Chi exercise has shown promise in improving sleep quality, quality of life (QoL), and psychological well-being in various populations. Objective: To investigate the effect of a home-based simplified Tai Chi exercise program on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, QoL, and psychological well-being in Egyptian older adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was employed, with 152 participants aged 60 years and above assigned to either an experimental group ( n = 87) or a control group ( n = 65). Thecontrol group received a health education program to improve their sleeping quality and life-style, while the experimental group received a similar health education program and Tai Chi exercise training program. The participants in the experimental group were instructed to perform 3 months Tai Chi exercise. Data on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, QoL, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression symptoms were collected at baseline, and one month, and 3 months post-intervention using validated questionnaires. Repeated measures ANOVA was done to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention programsover 3 time periods. Results: The results showed significant improvements in sleep quality ( p < .001), QoL ( p < .005), GAD ( p < .005), and depression symptoms ( p < .005) post-interventions. Also, there were significant difference in the effectiveness of the intervention programs between both the experimental and control groups. The experimental group exhibited greater improvements compared to the control group. Conclusion: The findings support the beneficial effects of a home-based simplified Tai Chi exercise program on sleep quality, QoL, and psychological well-being in Egyptian older adults. These results have important implications for promoting healthy aging and improving overall well-being in this population. Further research is recommended to validate these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms of Tai Chi exercise on the outcomes of interest.
Autistic adults’ experiences of financial wellbeing: Part II
Authors: Pellicano Elizabeth , Hall Gabrielle , Ying Cai Ru 
Published: October 2023

Financial wellbeing is an important component of people’s overall wellbeing, reflecting the capacity to live a comfortable and fulfilling life. Yet virtually nothing is known about this topic for autistic people. This study addressed this gap using a two-phase sequential mixed-methods design. Here, we report on findings from the Phase 2 qualitative study. In this study, 21 autistic participants were purposively selected based on the status of their financial wellbeing, including 12 people with high, and 9 with low, financial wellbeing, and interviewed by an autistic researcher. We identified four themes through reflective thematic analysis. Having access to a stable income made an enormous difference to people’s financial wellbeing. Participants emphasised how their broader social supports, especially family support, shaped their financial wellbeing. Yet, planning financially was often challenging, especially for people who had insufficient money to meet their basic needs. Nevertheless, our participants reported a strong drive to stay in control and avoid unnecessary risk. Our findings revealed how much money matters in autistic people’s lives. Future research should investigate the ways in which autistic people could secure more reliable incomes and identify the most effective ways to support them to achieve financial resilience. Lay abstract Money matters in people’s lives. It helps to meet people’s basic needs (food, clothes, shelter) and live the lives they want to. When people talk about ‘financial wellbeing’, they mean how much you feel in control over day-to-day finances and how much freedom you have to make choices to enjoy life. We don’t know what autistic people think about these things. That’s why we did our study. We spoke to 21 autistic adults (24–69 years) about how they felt about their financial situation. We deliberately spoke to people who had told us previously they felt ‘financially well’ or ‘financially unwell’ so we could hear a range of opinions. Autistic people told us financial wellbeing meant having enough money to pay for their basics needs, to have a safety net for unexpected bills and not having to worry about money now or in the future. But many felt that good financial wellbeing was not possible for them. They often did not have a stable income to cover day-to-day expenses. This limited the choices they could make. Despite these challenges, autistic people told us they worked hard to budget and save money when they could – because feeling financial insecure was just too stressful, especially when they could not rely on family or friends for support. It made them feel mentally unwell. Our study shows there are many factors that influence autistic people’s financial wellbeing. We need more research to help us understand how autistic people can be supported to achieve financial security.
Narcotic offences and drug use disorders among young refugees in Norway
Authors: Europa Ryan T. , Eide Ketil , Hjern Anders , Manhica Helio , Dunlavy Andrea 
Published: October 2023

Aims: We examined the patterns of healthcare utilisation for drug use disorders (DUDs) and charges related to narcotics among young refugees in Norway considering the role of sex, country of origin and condition of arrival (accompanied versus unaccompanied minors). Methods: Based on national registers, sex-stratified Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios to assess the risk of being charged with a narcotics offence and the use of healthcare services related to DUDs. The sample consisted of 15,068 young refugees and 573,241 young Norwegians born in Norway to two Norwegian-born parents. All of the young people in the sample were born between 1983 and 1994. The follow-up period was from January 2008 to December 2015. Results: Compared with their Norwegian peers, both male and female refugees showed either a similar or lower risk of receiving healthcare for DUDs. However, male refugees showed an increased risk of being charged with a narcotic offence, except those from Afghanistan and the former Yugoslavia. Accompanied male refugees were at a higher risk of being charged, while unaccompanied male refugees showed a lower risk. Conclusions: Young male refugees generally had a higher risk of being charged for narcotic offences while showing a similar risk of receiving healthcare for DUDs compared to Norwegian-born young people. However, young men from Afghanistan and the former Yugoslavia deviated from this pattern. This may be partially explained by the length of time spent in Norway. The results add support to previous qualitative studies suggesting that punitive drug policies may disproportionately affect men from minority groups. Further research controlling for parental household-level factors is warranted.
Association of diabetes with coronary artery calcium in South Asian adults and other race/ethnic groups: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis and the mediators of atherosclerosis in South Asians living in America study
Authors: Premyodhin Ned , Fan Wenjun , Arora Millie , Budoff Matthew J , Kanaya Alka M , Kandula Namratha , Palaniappan Latha , Rana Jamal S , Younus Masood , Wong Nathan D 
Published: October 2023

Purpose South Asian (SA) persons have increased risks for diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We examined whether the association of DM with subclinical atherosclerosis assessed by coronary artery calcium (CAC) differs in SA versus other ethnic groups. Methods We studied adults from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America studies without ASCVD. CAC was examined among those normoglycemic, pre-DM and DM. Logistic regression examined pre-DM and DM with the odds of any CAC > 0 and CAC ≥ 100. Results Among 7562 participants, CAC > 0 and CAC ≥ 100 in those with DM was highest in non-Hispanic White (NHW) (80% and 48%) and SA (72% and 41%) persons. Adjusted Ln (CAC + 1) was highest in NHW (3.68 ± 0.21) and SA (3.60 ± 0.23) ( p < .01) DM patients. SA and NHW adults with DM (vs normoglycemic) had highest odds of CAC > 0 (2.13 and 2.27, respectively, p < .01). For CAC ≥ 100, SA and Chinese adults had the highest odds (2.28 and 2.27, respectively, p < .01). Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin were most strongly associated with CAC among SA. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus most strongly relates to any CAC in SA and NHW adults and CAC ≥ 100 in SA and Chinese adults, helping to explain the relation of DM with ASCVD in these populations.
Less Invasive Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation Is Safe and Feasible in Patients With Smaller Body Surface Area
Authors: Hack Madelaine , Wood Katherine L. , Bjelic Milica , Paic Frane , Vidula Himabindu , Cheyne Christina , Chase Karin , Tallman Mark , Bernstein Wendy , Wyrobek Julie A. , Alexis Jeffrey D. , Gosev Igor 
Published: October 2023

Objective: Smaller body surface area (BSA) frequently precludes patients from left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. We sought to investigate the clinical outcomes in patients with small BSA undergoing less invasive LVAD implantation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 216 patients implanted with HeartMate 3 LVAD (Abbott, Chicago, IL) via less invasive surgery at our institution. Patients were dichotomized based on their preimplant BSA for comparison between small BSA (≤1.8 m2) and normal/large BSA (>1.8 m2). We analyzed patient perioperative characteristics and outcomes. Results: In our study, small BSA was found in 32 patients (14.8%), while 184 patients (85.2%) had normal/large BSA. Women were more prevalent in the small BSA group (50.0% vs 13.0%, P < 0.001). Preoperative and intraoperative data showed comparable results. Major complications and hospital length of stay did not differ by BSA group. Patients with smaller BSA had significantly decreased pump parameters at discharge, including LVAD flow (4.11 ± 0.49 vs 4.60 ± 0.54 L/min, P < 0.001) and pump speed (5,200 vs 5,400 rpm, P < 0.001). Survival to discharge and within 6 months after implantation were similar between the groups. Conclusions: Our study results suggest that less invasive HeartMate 3 implantation can be safely performed and demonstrates equivalent outcomes in patients with smaller body habitus. Randomized trials are required to confirm our data.
A randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of the abridged illness management and recovery program for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Wong Raymond Hung Kei , Wing Cheong Au Raymond , Wai Lan Chan , Pi Fan Chiu , Chiu Frank Pi Fan , Chu Mann Man Keung , Chung Lung Kong Thomas , Lo Ada Wai Yu , Mak Donald Chi Shing , Wong Justina KP , Yam Sharifa YP 
Published: October 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an abridged version of the Illness Management and Recovery Programme (AIMR) that was modified and developed in Hong Kong through a mult-centre randomized controlled trial for patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods This study was implemented in 10 occupational therapy departments, psychiatric day hospitals of 7 Hospital Authority clusters in Hong Kong. A total of 211 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was recruited and randomized into either the experimental or the control condition. In the control group, the subjects went through conventional occupational therapy programmes. In the experimental group, the subjects went through an additional 10-session programme of AIMR. Participants were measured at baseline, completion of the AIMR, and 3-month after the AIMR programme. Measures include the expanded version of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-E), the client version of the Illness Management and Recovery Scale (IMRS), the Snyder Hope Scale, the Social and Occupational and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), the WHO Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), and the Chinese Version of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (C-SWEMWBS). Results Both the experimental and control cohorts had comparable clinical and socio-demographic characteristics except years of education and duration of illness. These two variables were entered as covariates in the linear mixed model which showed that the experimental group had significantly higher improvement than the control group in terms of illness management (F = 4.82; p = .03; Cohen’s d = .45), functional (F = 10.65; p = .001; Cohen’s d = .58), and hope (F = 5.52; p = .02; Cohen’s d = .08) measures after the completion of treatment. Conclusion The results supported the effectiveness of the AIMR programm which would be important in the recovery oriented practices in psychiatry.
Long-term impact of add-on sequential triple combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: real world experience
Authors: Deshwal Himanshu , Weinstein Tatiana , Salyer Rachel , Thompson Jesse , Cefali Frank , Fenton Rebecca , Bondarsky Eric , Sulica Roxana 
Published: October 2023

Background: Sequential triple combination therapy is recommended for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients who are not at therapeutic goal on dual therapy, but long-term data on efficacy and safety is scarce. Objective: To assess the long-term impact of sequential triple combination therapy in patients with PAH who are not at goal on dual combination therapy. Study Design and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of consecutive PAH patients on a stable dual therapy regimen who remained in intermediate- or high-risk category and were subsequently initiated on sequential triple combination therapy. We studied interval change in functional, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters, REVEAL 2.0 risk category and ERS/ESC 2022 simplified four-strata risk category. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of successful risk reduction (achievement or maintenance of REVEAL 2.0 low-risk category). Kaplan–Meier survival curves were created to assess the effect of risk reduction on survival. Results: Out of 414 PAH patients seen in our program, 55 patients received add-on sequential triple combination regimen and had follow-up hemodynamic data. The mean age was 57 years, with 85% women. The most common etiology of PAH was idiopathic/heritable (41.8%). Most patients were WHO functional class III (76.4%), and 34.5% of patients were in high-risk category (REVEAL 2.0). On a median follow-up of 68 weeks, there was a significant improvement in WHO Functional Class ( p < 0.001), six-minute walk distance (35 m) with 61.8% of patients achieving low-risk status by REVEAL 2.0, and a 28% of patients’ improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance. Female gender was identified as a strong predictor of successful risk reduction, whereas Hispanic ethnicity estimated right atrial pressure on echocardiogram and pericardial effusion predicted lower probability of risk reduction. Patients who achieved or maintained low-risk status had significantly improved survival. Conclusion: Add-on sequential triple combination therapy significantly increased functional, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic parameters with improvement in risk category and survival.
Enhanced Bioactivity of Botanical Acaricidal Compound-Scopoletin Encapsulated by Polydopamine and Cellulose Nanocrystals Against Carmine Spider Mite
Authors: Wang Keke , Zhang Shuai , Liu Jiawei , Huang Jin , Zhang Yongqiang 
Published: October 2023

Background Scopoletin (Sco) is a botanical acaricidal compound isolated and purified from Artemisia annua. Self-assembled nanostructured materials with tailored properties could aid efficient acaricide delivery. Methods The botanical natural product Sco was coated on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polydopamine (PDA) to enhance its acaricidal bioactivity. Sco@PDA-CNCs, a new biological base acaricidal agent, were prepared through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Result Sco@PDA-CNCs exhibited a stronger acaricidal effect than pure Sco. At 48 h after treatment, the median lethal concentration of Sco@PDA-CNCs against carmine spider mites was 24.36 mg/L and that of pure Sco was 92.21 mg/L. The toxicity value of Sco@PDA-CNCs had increased by 3.8-fold relative to that of pure Sco. Sco@PDA-CNCs exhibited sustained release characteristics and continued to release Sco even at 7 days after application. Conclusion Results revealed that Sco@PDA-CNCs not only have good slow-release properties, but they can also improve acaricidal efficiency well.