bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDICATIONS OF A ΔI=1/2 RULE IN THE STRONG COUPLING REGIME
Authors: ANGUS IAN G. 
Published: November 2004

We will attempt to understand the ΔI=1/2 pattern of the nonleptonic weak decays of the kaons. The calculation scheme employed is the Strong Coupling Expansion of lattice QCD. Kogut-Susskind fermions are used in the Hamiltonian formalism. We will describe in detail the methods used to expedite this calculation, all of which was done by computer algebra. The final result is very encouraging. Even though an exact interpretation is clouded by the presence of irrelevant operators, and questions of lattice artifacts, a signal of the ΔI=1/2 rule appears to be observable. With an appropriate choice of the one free parameter, enhancements greater than those observed experimentally can be obtained. We also point out a number of surprising results which we turn up in the course of the calculation.
Thermal characterization and superconductivity of the Th5−xBaxPb2−0.5xCu5O13+y
Authors: Zhang Yuling , Xie Sishen , Cheng Xiangrong , Li Kesheng , Yang Qiansheng , Ni Yongming , Liu Guirong , Liang Jingkui 
Published: November 2004

We report the phase transition behavior of the samples Th5−xBaxPb2−0.5xCu5O13+y(x=2.75-3.75) between 20°C and 1300°C, and the effect of heat treatment on the superconductivity. The specific heat, DSC and DTA as well as TGA investigations have been performed. The second-order-like transition around 240°C was observed by DTA and Spesific heat determination. The results are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
UPPER CRITICAL FIELD OF HIGH Tc SUPERCONDUCTING OXIDES
Authors: CUI Changgeng , GUO Shuquan , LI Shanlin , CHEN Lie , DONG Cheng , XU Xianting , LIANG Jingkui 
Published: November 2004

Upper critical fields Bc2(T) near Tc have been measured for the samples of Ba2YCu3Ox and Ba2GdCu3Ox. The upper critical field slope (dBc2dT)Tc and the upper critical field Bc2(O) have been calculated by using the least squares filling of straight line and using WHH expression in dirty limit respectively. The results show that Bc2(O) can be reach 114T and 127T for the samples of Ba2YCu3Ox and Ba2GdCu3Ox respectively. It is observed that there is a upwards curvature near Tc in the curves of B(T) vs.T. The main reason might be a proximity type effect in which a small amount of high Tc materials is able to raise the effective Tc of the samples, However such an effect could be suppressed at high field.
QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS ON THE GUTZWILLER APPROXIMATION OF THE HUBBARD MODEL
Authors: LAVAGNA M. 
Published: November 2004

Many experimental results seem to relate the superconducting oxides to the phenomenon of Mott localization in strongly correlated systems. We will give a brief review of the different theories developed until then to treat the Mott localization in the Hubbard model: variational Ansatz of Gutzwiller or RVB Ansatz, leading to fundamentally different ground states. In this context, we propose a new approach which consists to take account of the quantum fluctuations around the mean-field solution provided by the Gutzwiller approximation. We show how to understand the ground state in terms of a resonance (split by the Mott gap in the almost-localized regime) in complete analogy with the Abrikosov-Suhl resonance of the Kondo problem — heavy fermions. Superconductivity appears as induced by the constrained intersite correlations developed by quantum fluctuations around this resonant state.
SPECIFIC HEAT IN MONO-CRYSTAL YBCO: λ-LIKE ANOMALIES AT 90K AND 229K
Authors: Fossheim K. , Nes O. M. , Lægreid T. , Darlington C. N. W , O'Connor D. A. , Gough C. E. 
Published: November 2004

The specific heat, C p , has been measured with high precision in a mono-crystal of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ (YBCO) superconductor in the temperature range 55K-300K. The measurements provide data with a relative resolution Δ C p / C p of approximately 5 · 10−4. The main conclusions are: 1) Close to the superconducting transition the specific heat shows influence of fluctuations. 2) A reversible second order or weakly first order phase transition is found to occur at T o = 229 K .
INTERGROWTH AND OTHER MICROSTRUCTURE FEATURES IN BCSCO SUPERCONDUCTOR
Authors: WEN SHULIN , FENG JINGWEI , LI CHENGEN 
Published: November 2004

Three compositions of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O superconducting ceramics were studied and characterized by X-ray, EDS and HREM. In addition to the basic lattice structure A1 with unit-cell of 5.41 Å, B = 5.44 Å and c = 30.8 Å, other 3 kinds of perovskite-related structures A0, A3 and A4 were found. Furthermore, a prominent structural phenomenon, the intergrowth between A1 and other perovskite-related structures (A0, A2 and A4) were found in abundance. We had some difficulties isolating pure 120 K phase; the intergrowth may be an obstacle factor.
STRUCTURED HIERARCHICAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: DOTSENKO VIKTOR , TIROZZI BRUNELLO 
Published: November 2004

The spatially structured hierarchical neural network which can store ultrametrically correlated patterns is considered. The patterns belonging to a common ancestor state in the two-level hierarchical tree are supposed to be strongly correlated. The models with both uncorrelated and strongly correlated classes of patterns are considered. In the framework of replica symmetric theory the free energy is calculated and in the low-temperature limit the maximum capacity is found.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES AND DEFECTS IN PHASES EXISTING IN Ba3Y2Cu5O15−x
Authors: LI D.X. , SUI M.L. 
Published: November 2004

Crsytal structures and defects of the phases existing in Ba3Y2Cu5O15−x have been investigated with SAED, CBED and HREM. Sample A was furnace cooled and is a high Tc superconductor whereas sample B is air cooled and not superconducting at 77.35K. Both samples contain predominantly the so called superconducting phase with the space group Pmmm (a=0.386, b=0.389 and c=1.16 nm) and a minor phase, called phase-II with the space group Pbam (a=1.23, b=0.740 and c=0.571 nm). In sample B, the other three minor phases are: phase-III: orthorhombic, a=0.892, b=0.639 and c=0.535 nm; phase-IV: BCC, a=1.82 nm and phase-V: hexagonal, a=b=0.526, c=0.635 nm. The positions of the Ba, Y and Cu atoms can clearly be seen in the structural image viewed along the [100] direction of the superconducting phase. The contrast increment of the bright spots on the basal plane was perhaps related to the oxygen vacancies. Lattice distortion, (010) and [Formula: see text] domain boundaries in the superconducting phase, microdomains and twins in phase-III have been observed. High resolution electron micrographs of both phase-II and phase-IV were also presented. The amount of the superconducting phase and defects in the crystal structure may affect the superconductivity of the Ba3Y2Cu5O15−x oxide significantly, the former being bene-ficial and the latter harmful.
COMPUTER RECOGNITION OF TOTALLY UNCONSTRAINED HANDWRITTEN ZIP CODES
Authors: AHMED PERVEZ , SUEN C. Y. 
Published: November 2004

This paper deals with the application of automatic sorting of envelopes with totally unconstrained handwritten numeric postal ZIP codes and presents a complete model (including preprocessing, feature extraction and classification modules) of a ZIP code reader/sorter. Different recognition methods, including statistical, structural and combined were developed and their performance on real-life ZIP code samples (8540 numerals) were measured. The statistical recognition method was used as a front-end recognizer and predictor of an unknown character. Based on edge classification, a new technique was implemented to define and extract the structural features. In the combined recognition method, unknown characters were identified either by the statistical or structural method. Its recognition reliability was found to be in the interval (96.29%, 95.94%) with substitution and rejection rates between (3.45%, 3.96%) and (2.36%, 7.01%) respectively.
INSIGHT: A DATAFLOW LANGUAGE FOR PROGRAMMING VISION ALGORITHMS IN A RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTATIONAL NETWORK
Authors: SHAPIRO LINDA G. , HARALICK ROBERT M. , GOULISH MICHAEL J. 
Published: November 2004

Machine vision systems used in industrial applications must execute their algorithms in real time to perform such tasks as inspecting a wire bond or guiding a robot to install a part on a car body moving along a conveyer. The real time speed is achieved by employing simple-minded algorithms and by designing parallel architectures and parallel algorithms for some tasks. The majority of the work on parallel architectures has been limited to architectures that support image processing, but not mid- or high-level vision In order for more complex vision algorithms to execute in real time, a more flexible architecture is needed. Our conceptual approach to the problem is a reconfigurable computational network. Each configuration of the network implements an algorithm or class of algorithms A high-level language expresses the algorithms in a relational form that can be easily translated to the specification for a configuration. The language must be able to encode low-, mid-, and high-level vision algorithms and to efficiently handle not only pixel data, but also higher level structures. In this paper we describe a dataflow language called INSIGHT, which we have designed to meet these needs, and give several examples of parallel machine vision algorithms expressed in the language.
A PARALLEL ARCHITECTURE FOR AI NONLINEAR PLANNING
Authors: LEE SUKHAN , CHUNG KYUSIK 
Published: November 2004

This paper presents a resource-level conflict detection and conflict resolution scheme which is combined with a state-level backward planning algorithm and provides efficient conflict detection and global conflict resolution for nonlinear planning. The scheme keeps track of the usage of individual resources during planning, and constructs a Resource-Usage Flow (RUF) structure (based on which conflict detection and resolution is accomplished). The RUF structure allows the system to perform minimal and nonredundant operations for conflict detection and resolution. Furthermore, resource-level conflict detection and resolution facilitates problem decomposition in terms of resources, thereby providing easy implementation in a parallel and distributed processing environment. Performance analysis indicates that the proposed architecture has a speed-up factor of the average depth of a plan network, D(Na), compared to the distributed NOAH, where Na (the total number of action nodes at the completion of planning) and D(Na) are considerably larger than the number of resources involved in planning as well as the number of initial goal states.
EXPERT SYSTEM APPROACH USING GRAPH REPRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS FOR VARIABLE-STROKE INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE DESIGN
Authors: SHEN STEWART N. T. , CHEW MENG-SANG , ISSA GHASSAN F. 
Published: November 2004

Even though AI technology is a relatively new discipline, many of its concepts have already found practical applications. Expert systems, in particular, have made significant contributions to technologies in such fields as business, medicine, engineering design, chemistry, and particle physics. This paper describes an expert system developed to aid mechanical engineering designers in the preliminary design of variable-stroke internal-combustion engines. Variable-stroke engines are more economical in fuel consumption but their design is particularly difficult to accomplish. With the traditional design approach, synthesizing the mechanisms for the design is rather difficult and evaluating the mechanisms is an even more cumbersome and time-consuming effort. Our expert system assists the designer by generating and evaluating a large number of design alternatives represented in the form of graphs. Through the application of structural and design rules obtained from design experts to the graphs, good quality preliminary design configurations of the engines are promptly deduced. This approach can also be used in designing other types of mechanisms.
Arabic Poetry in West Africa: An Assessment of the Panegyric and Elegy Genres In Arabic Poetry of the 19th and 20th Centuries In Senegal and Nigeria
Authors: Abdullah Abdul-Samad 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article explores the form and content of West African Arabic poetry, with particular reference to Nigeria and Senegal. It analyses several key poetic features of this region of West Africa, with the focus on nineteenth and twentieth century poetry. The historical context is both the period of European colonisation and the pre-colonial period. The article suggests that Arabic poetry was a much older tradition in the region, that it was in no sense challenged by colonial rule, and that strong religious commitment is visible in its content. This study surveys the key influence of Arabian poetry on West African Arabic poetry. It analyses relevant texts and highlights the importance of a number of signi ficant issues relating to this area of study in the research of West African Islamic literature. The study also explores the extent of the intellectual in fluence of Islam. This is evidenced by the irrefutable presence of Arabisation at a time of Islamic penetration, as de fined by the distinctive Islamic character of West African Arabic poetry.
"Besotted with the Bright Lights of Imperialism":? Arab Subjectivity Constructed Against New York's Many Faces
Authors: Hartman Michelle 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis article reads symbolism and imagery related to New York City in Yūsuf Idrīs's New York 80, Adūnīs's Qabr min ajl New York, and Radwā 'Āshūr's Al-Rihla, to advance two interrelated arguments about the formulation of a positive, modern Arab subjectivity. Firstly, though all of the texts criticize the United States and set up an opposition between the Arab self and the US other, none of the texts merely inscribes a simplistic self-other dichotomy. Analyzing this allows a more complex notion of Arab subjectivity to emerge. Secondly, gendered symbolism and imagery are manipulated in these texts and thus gender analyses are crucial to exploring the articulations of Arab subjectivity in these works.
African Christianity in the Jewish State: Adaptation, Accommodation and Legitimization of Migrant Workers' Churches, 1990-2003
Authors: Sabar Galia 
Published: November 2004

AbstractThis paper examines the role of African Initiated Churches (AICs) in the lives of African migrant laborers in Israel. Its aim is to attain a deeper understanding of religion and church affiliation among African migrant laborers in Israel from the perspective of the Africans themselves. It traces the creation and development of the AICs in Israel, including the various services and activities that the churches provided for their members in the social, economic and political arenas. It argues that the African churches in Israel occupied a particularly large and central place in their members' lives compared to migrant churches in other western diasporas, taking on roles of other traditional social, economic, political and civil actors in Africa. The paper examines the AICs' multiple adaptations to unique conditions in Israel and to the needs of their membership. Though many of the patterns identified are similar to those found in other diaspora communities, certain features of Israel and its society, mainly those connected to the Jewish identity of the State of Israel and the limited civic horizon open to non-Jews, made for substantial differences. These features forced Africans to create their own Afro-Christian space to fulfill their needs and became the key anchors in the spiritual, emotional and practical lives of the African migrants in Israel. Finally this article argues that the churches became the main space for the production of a sense of belonging within the Israeli civic context, in spite of the fact that the migrants' religious identities and institutions were not used as vehicles for recognition or channels for gaining legitimacy in Israel's public sphere.
The QME AERI LBLRTM: A Closure Experiment for Downwelling High Spectral Resolution Infrared Radiance
Authors: Turner D. D. , Tobin D. C. , Clough S. A. , Brown P. D. , Ellingson R. G. , Mlawer E. J. , Knuteson R. O. , Revercomb H. E. , Shippert T. R. , Smith W. L. , Shephard M. W. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has led to significant improvements in longwave radiative transfer modeling over the last decade. These improvements, which have generally come in small incremental changes, were made primarily in the water vapor self- and foreign-broadened continuum and the water vapor absorption line parameters. These changes, when taken as a whole, result in up to a 6 W m−2 improvement in the modeled clear-sky downwelling longwave radiative flux at the surface and significantly better agreement with spectral observations. This paper provides an overview of the history of ARM with regard to clear-sky longwave radiative transfer, and analyzes remaining related uncertainties in the ARM state-of-the-art Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM).
A quality measurement experiment (QME) for the downwelling infrared radiance at the ARM Southern Great Plains site has been ongoing since 1994. This experiment has three objectives: 1) to validate and improve the absorption models and spectral line parameters used in line-by-line radiative transfer models, 2) to assess the ability to define the atmospheric state, and 3) to assess the quality of the radiance observations that serve as ground truth for the model. Analysis of data from 1994 to 1997 made significant contributions to optimizing the QME, but is limited by small but significant uncertainties and deficiencies in the atmospheric state and radiance observations. This paper concentrates on the analysis of QME data from 1998 to 2001, wherein the data have been carefully selected to address the uncertainties in the 1994–97 dataset. Analysis of this newer dataset suggests that the representation of self-broadened water vapor continuum absorption is 3%–8% too strong in the 750–1000 cm−1 region. The dataset also provides information on the accuracy of the self- and foreign-broadened continuum absorption in the 1100–1300 cm−1 region. After accounting for these changes, remaining differences in modeled and observed downwelling clear-sky fluxes are less than 1.5 W m−2 over a wide range of atmospheric states.
Observations and Numerical Simulations of Inertia–Gravity Waves and Shearing Instabilities in the Vicinity of a Jet Stream
Authors: Lane Todd P. , Doyle James D. , Plougonven Riwal , Shapiro Melvyn A. , Sharman Robert D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The characteristics and dynamics of inertia–gravity waves generated in the vicinity of an intense jet stream/ upper-level frontal system on 18 February 2001 are investigated using observations from the NOAA Gulfstream-IV research aircraft and numerical simulations. Aircraft dropsonde observations and numerical simulations elucidate the detailed mesoscale structure of this system, including its associated inertia–gravity waves and clear-air turbulence. Results from a multiply nested numerical model show inertia–gravity wave development above the developing jet/front system. These inertia–gravity waves propagate through the highly sheared flow above the jet stream, perturb the background wind shear and stability, and create bands of reduced and increased Richardson numbers. These bands of reduced Richardson numbers are regions of likely Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and a possible source of the clear-air turbulence that was observed.
Initiation of Precipitation Episodes Relative to Elevated Terrain
Authors: Ahijevych D. A. , Davis C. A. , Carbone R. E. , Tuttle J. D. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
The western and central United States experience a pronounced diurnal cycle in rainfall during the warm season. Over the higher terrain west of 105°W, most precipitation occurs in the afternoon, whereas the central United States experiences more nocturnal events. This coherent phase transition between the Rocky Mountains and the U.S. Great Plains is well defined for all warm seasons between 1996 and 2003, provided that the rainfall observations are remapped relative to the elevated terrain in the western United States prior to north–south averaging. Due to the westward shift of the Continental Divide north of 42°N and its intersection with the warm season storm track for 2002, the diurnal coherence greatly improves after remapping the 2002 rainfall observations. This speaks to the long-range influence of orography on precipitation frequency and suggests that the primary east–west corridor of precipitation for an individual warm season intersects the cordillera over a fairly narrow latitude range.
Surface Fluxes and Ocean Coupling in the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: November 2004

Abstract
Sensitivity of tropical intraseasonal variability to mixed layer depth is examined in the modified National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model 2.0.1 (CAM), with relaxed Arakawa–Schubert convection, coupled to a slab ocean model (SOM) whose mixed layer depth is fixed and geographically uniform, but varies from one experiment to the next. Intraseasonal west Pacific precipitation variations during boreal winter are enhanced relative to a fixed-SST (infinite mixed layer depth) simulation for mixed layer depths from 5 to 50 m, with a maximum at 20 m [interestingly, near the observed value in the regions where the Madden– Julian oscillation (MJO) is active], but are strongly diminished in the 2-m depth simulation. This nonmonotonicity of intraseasonal precipitation variance with respect to mixed layer depth was predicted by Sobel and Gildor using a highly idealized model. Further experiments with the same idealized model help to interpret results derived from the modified NCAR CAM.
A sensitivity study shows that the convection–surface flux feedback [wind-induced surface heat exchange (WISHE)] is important to the intraseasonal variability in the CAM. This helps to explain the behavior of the 2-m SOM simulation and the agreement with the idealized model. Although intraseasonal SST variations are stronger in the 2-m SOM simulation than in any of the other simulations, these SST variations are phased in such a way as to diminish the amplitude of equatorial latent heat flux variations. Reducing the mixed layer depth is thus nearly equivalent to eliminating WISHE, which in this model reduces intraseasonal variability. The WISHE mechanism in the model is nonlinear and occurs in a region of mean low-level westerlies.
Since a very shallow mixed layer is effectively similar to wet land, it is suggested that the mechanism described here may explain the local minimum in MJO amplitude observed over the Maritime Continent region.