bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Umbilical Cord Blood–Derived CD133+ Cells Enhance Function and Repair of the Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Leor Jonathan , Guetta Esther , Feinberg Micha S. , Galski Hanan , Bar Iris , Holbova Radka , Miller Liron , Zarin Parvin , Castel David , Barbash Israel M. , Nagler Arnon 
Published: September 2005

Abstract
The use of adult stem cells for myocardial tissue repair might be limited in elderly and sick people because their cells are depleted and exhausted. The present study was conducted to explore the potential of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) CD133+ progenitor cells for myocardial tissue repair in a model of extensive myocardial infarction (MI). CD133+ progenitor cells were isolated from newborn UCB. Cells (1.2–2 × 106) or saline (control) was infused intravenously 7 days after permanent coronary artery ligation in athymic nude rats. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and 1 month after infusion by echocardiography. Tracking of human cells was performed by fluorescent in situ hybridization for human X and Y chromosomes or by immunostaining for HLA-DR or HLA-ABC. One month after delivery, LV fractional shortening improved by 42 ± 17% in cell-treated hearts and decreased by 39 ± 10% in controls (p = .001). Anterior wall thickness decreased significantly in controls but not in treated hearts. Microscopic examination revealed that the UCB cells were able to migrate, colonize, and survive in the infarcted myocardium. Human cells were identified near vessel walls and LV cavity and were occasionally incorporated into endothelial cells in six of nine cell-treated animals but not in controls. Scar tissue from cell-treated animals was significantly populated with autologous myofibroblasts as indicated by colocalization of HLA-DR and α-smooth muscle actin staining. In conclusion, the present work suggests that, after MI, intravenous delivery of human UCB-derived CD133+ cells can produce functional recovery by preventing scar thinning and LV systolic dilatation.
Nonfatal Injuries Among Middle-School and High-School Students in Guangxi, China
Authors: Chen Guanmin , Smith Gary A. , Deng Shusong , Hostetler Sarah Grim , Xiang Huiyun 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We described nonfatal injuries and calculated injury rates among middle-school and high-school students in Guangxi, China. Methods. Students were selected using multistage randomizing techniques, and nonfatal injuries in 1840 students from February 2002 to January 2003 were monitored with standardized injury forms. Risk factors for injury were identified in multivariate analyses. Results. The annual overall injury rate was 32.3 per 100 students. Boys had a significantly higher injury rate than the girls (34.8 vs 30.3 per 100 students), and a significantly higher proportion of injuries in boys was caused by other students (28.1% vs 19.4%). A higher proportion of injuries in girls (40.7%) occurred at home. For both boys and girls, sports were the most common activities associated with injury. Injuries from falls were the leading cause of injury, and extremities were most frequently injured. Gender, age, ethnicity, and family income levels were identified as significant risk factors for injury in multivariate analyses. Conclusions. Nonfatal injuries in middle-school and high-school students should be recognized as a significant public health concern in China.
Integrating Child Health Information Systems
Authors: Hinman Alan R. , Eichwald John , Linzer Deborah , Saarlas Kristin N. 
Published: September 2005

The Health Resources and Services Administration and All Kids Count (a national technical assistance center fostering development of integrated child health information systems) have been working together to foster development of integrated child health information systems. Activities have included: identification of key elements for successful integration of systems; development of principles and core functions for the systems; a survey of state and local integration efforts; and a conference to develop a common vision for child health information systems to meet medical care and public health needs. We provide 1 state (Utah) as an example that is well on the way to development of integrated child health information systems.
Developmental Stages of Developmental Screening: Steps to Implementation of a Successful Program
Authors: Pinto-Martin Jennifer A. , Dunkle Margaret , Earls Marian , Fliedner Dane , Landes Cynthia 
Published: September 2005

Through the use of 2-stage screening strategies, research studies have shown that autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities can now be detected reliably and with greater validity and in children as young as 18 months of age. Screening and diagnostic practices in the medical and educational arena lag far behind clinical research, however, with the average patient age at time of diagnosis being 3 to 6 years. We discuss the challenges of instituting universal developmental screening as part of pediatric care and present 2 models of existing or planned programs of early screening for autism spectrum disorder and developmental disability (1 in a community-based setting and 1 in a pediatric setting), and discuss the pros and cons of the different strategies.
Restraint Use Among Northwest American Indian Children Traveling in Motor Vehicles
Authors: Lapidus Jodi A. , Smith Nicole H. , Ebel Beth E. , Romero Francine C. 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We sought to estimate motor vehicle passenger restraint use among Northwest American Indian children 8 years old or younger and to determine factors associated with using proper (i.e., age and weight appropriate) passenger restraint systems. Methods. We surveyed vehicles driven by members of 6 tribes in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. Associations between proper restraint and child, driver, and vehicle characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression for clustered data. Results. We observed 775 children traveling in 574 vehicles; 41% were unrestrained. Proper restraint ranged from 63% among infant seat-eligible children to 11% among booster seat-eligible children and was associated with younger child’s age (odds ratio (OR) per year = 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48, 0.75), seating location (OR front vs rear=0.27; 95% CI=0.16, 0.44), driver seat belt use (OR=2.39; 95% CI=1.51, 3.80), and relationship (OR for nonparent vs parent=0.28; 95% CI=0.14, 0.58). More than half of drivers felt children could use an adult seat belt earlier than recommended guidelines, and 63% did not correctly identify whether their tribe had child safety seat laws. Conclusions. Children in these communities are inadequately restrained. Restraint use was exceedingly low among booster-eligible children and children riding with unrestrained adults. Interventions emphasizing appropriate restraint use and enforcement of passenger safety laws could reduce the risk of injury or death in motor vehicle accidents.
Nonfatal Injuries Among US Children With Disabling Conditions
Authors: Xiang Huiyun , Stallones Lorann , Chen Guanmin , Hostetler Sarah G. , Kelleher Kelly 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We investigated the risk of nonfatal injury in US children with disabilities. Disability was defined as a long-term reduction in the ability to conduct social role activities, such as school or play, because of a chronic physical or mental condition. Methods. Among 57 909 children aged 5–17 years who participated in the 2000–2002 National Health Interview Survey, we identified 312 children with vision/hearing disabilities, 711 with mental retardation, 603 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/HD), and 403 with chronic asthma. We compared nonfatal injuries in the past 3 months between children with disabling conditions and those without using injury rates and logistic regression analyses. Results. Compared with children without a disability, a higher percentage of children with disabilities reported nonfatal injuries (4.2% for vision disability, 3.2% for mental retardation, 4.5% for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and 5.7% for asthma vs 2.5% for healthy children). After we controlled for confounding effects of sociodemographic variables, children with disabilities, with the exception of mental retardation, had a statistically significantly higher injury risk than those without disabling conditions. Conclusions. Children with a disabling condition from vision/hearing disability, ADD/HD, or chronic asthma had a significantly higher risk for nonfatal injuries compared with children without a disabling condition. These data underscore the need to promote injury control and prevention programs targeting children with disabilities.
Moving Forward in Fall Prevention: An Intervention to Improve Balance Among Older Adults in Real-World Settings
Authors: Robitaille Yvonne , Laforest Sophie , Fournier Michel , Gauvin Lise , Parisien Manon , Corriveau Hélène , Trickey Francine , Damestoy Nicole 
Published: September 2005

Objectives. We investigated the effectiveness of a group-based exercise intervention to improve balancing ability among older adults delivered in natural settings by staff in local community organizations. Methods. The main component of the intervention consisted of biweekly group-based exercise sessions conducted over 12 weeks by a professional, coupled with home-based exercises. In a quasiexperimental design, 10 community organizations working with older adults offered the intervention to groups of 5 to 15 persons concerned about falls, while 7 organizations recruited similar groups to participate in the control arm of the study. Participants (98 experimental and 102 control) underwent balance assessments by a physiotherapist at registration and 3 months later. Results. Eighty-nine percent of participants attended the 3-month measurement session (n=177). A linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for baseline levels of balance and demographic and health characteristics, the intervention significantly improved static balance and mobility. Conclusion. Structured, group-based exercise programs offered by community organizations in natural settings can successfully increase balancing ability among community-dwelling older adults concerned about falls.
Reevaluating the Benefits of Folic Acid Fortification in the United States: Economic Analysis, Regulation, and Public Health
Authors: Grosse Scott D. , Waitzman Norman J. , Romano Patrick S. , Mulinare Joseph 
Published: September 2005

Before a 1996 US regulation requiring fortification of enriched cereal-grain products with folic acid, 3 economic evaluations projected net economic benefits or cost savings of folic acid fortification resulting from the prevention of pregnancies affected by a neural tube defect. Because the observed decline in neural tube defect rates is greater than was forecast before fortification, the economic gains are correspondingly larger. Applying both cost–benefit and cost-effectiveness analytic techniques, we estimated that folic acid fortification is associated with annual economic benefit of $312 million to $425 million. The cost savings (net reduction in direct costs) were estimated to be in the range of $88 million to $145 million per year.
Polymorphism of the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene: A factor in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in a Spanish population
Authors: Carreira Patricia E. , Gonzalez‐Crespo Maria R. , Ciruelo Elena , Pablos Jose L. , Santiago Begoña , Gomez‐Camara Agustin , Gomez‐Reino Juan J. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether an interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) polymorphism is associated with disease susceptibility and/or severity in a Spanish population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsAn 86‐bp variable‐number tandem repeat polymorphism within IL1RN intron 2 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction in genomic DNA obtained from 247 unrelated patients with RA (group A) and 287 healthy control subjects. The polymorphism analysis was repeated in a second group of 194 patients with RA (group B). Clinical information from patients in group A was used to compare activity and severity data in patients stratified according to the different alleles or genotypes. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to determine the strength of the association of the different alleles or genotypes with RA activity or severity.ResultsIn the control group, the allelic frequencies were 76% for IL1RN*1 (4 repeats), 21% for IL1RN*2 (2 repeats), 3% for IL1RN*3 (5 repeats), and 0.3% for IL1RN*4 (3 repeats). In group A patients with RA, both the frequency (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.1–1.96, P = 0.007) and carriage rate (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.2, P = 0.01) of allele IL1RN*2 were significantly increased. The increased frequency of IL1RN*2 was confirmed in group B patients with RA (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.1–1.97, P = 0.01). In patients with RA, homozygosity for IL1RN*2 was associated with an increased number of affected articular areas during the first year of followup but not with other parameters of disease activity or severity.ConclusionOur results suggest that IL1RN has a role in determining susceptibility to RA in the Spanish population.
Maternal antibody responses to the 52‐kd SSA/RO p200 peptide and the development of fetal conduction defects
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Buyon Jill P. , Ikeda Keigo , Nozawa Kazuhisa , Argyle Dionne A. , Friedman Deborah M. , Chan Edward K. L. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo identify a finer level of antibody specificity for risk of congenital heart block (CHB) than reactivity to 52‐kd SSA/Ro (Ro 52).MethodsSerum from mothers enrolled in the Research Registry for Neonatal Lupus and the observational PR Interval and Dexamethasone Evaluation (PRIDE) study was evaluated for reactivity against peptide aa200‐239 of Ro 52 (p200), recently reported to be associated with a higher risk of CHB.ResultsThe majority of 156 Ro 52–positive sera tested were reactive with p200 (>3 SD above control), irrespective of the clinical status of the child. Optical density (OD) values of p200 did not differ significantly among mothers of children with CHB (mean ± SD 0.187 ± 0.363), mothers of children with rash (mean ± SD 0.176 ± 0.356), and mothers of children without neonatal lupus (mean ± SD 0.229 ± 0.315). Reactivity against p200 was found in 80 of 104 mothers of children with CHB (77%), 24 of 30 mothers of children with rash (80%), and 21 of 22 mothers who delivered healthy children and had no children with neonatal lupus (95%) (P not significant for all comparisons). Sera from 4 mothers of children with CHB with varied p200 titers (OD range 0.025–1.818) bound to the surface of nonpermeabilized apoptotic, but not proliferating, human fetal cardiocytes. In 32 Ro 52–positive women who completed the PRIDE study (22 with no child with neonatal lupus, 7 with a child with CHB, and 3 with a child with rash) in whom p200 levels were determined during pregnancy, the correlation between level of p200 (OD range 0.000–1.170) and maximal fetal PR interval (range 115–168 msec) was not significant (ρ = 0.107, P = 0.58).ConclusionReactivity to p200 is a dominant but not uniform anti–Ro 52 response in women whose children have CHB. Since exposure to this antibody specificity was observed with a similar frequency in children without CHB born to mothers with anti–Ro 52, additional factors are necessary to convert risk to disease expression.
Differential acoustic properties of early cartilage lesions in living human knee and ankle joints
Authors: Hattori Koji , Takakura Yoshinori , Ishimura Masao , Tanaka Yasuhito , Habata Takashi , Ikeuchi Ken 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveAlthough numerous studies have been performed to determine whether there are histologic, biochemical, biomechanical, and metabolic differences between knee and ankle cartilage, none have investigated the presence of such differences in living human cartilage. We previously developed an ultrasonic evaluation system for articular cartilage that analyzes the A‐mode echogram using wavelet transformation. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the acoustic properties of living human cartilage differ between knee and ankle joints.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients were subjected to ultrasonic evaluation under arthroscopy. After arthroscopic grading, the cartilage was measured using an ultrasonic probe. Two quantitative parameters were used, i.e., the maximum magnitude and the echo duration at the 95% interval of the maximum magnitude.ResultsIn intact cartilage, the maximum magnitude and echo duration did not differ between the knee and the ankle. In lesional cartilage, in contrast, the maximum magnitude was higher, and the echo duration was shorter, in the ankle than in the knee. These differences were statistically significant.ConclusionUltrasound findings could be used to judge the degree of early cartilage degeneration in vivo on the basis of objective data such as the maximum magnitude and echo duration. Because we were unable to quantitatively analyze the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the cartilage in this study, our biochemical and biomechanical findings are based only on qualitative assessment. Nevertheless, the results indicate that this ultrasonic evaluation system may be useful for elucidating the processes of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.
Association between the abnormal expression of matrix‐degrading enzymes by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes and demethylation of specific CpG sites in the promoter regions
Authors: Roach Helmtrud I. , Yamada Norikazu , Cheung Kelvin S. C. , Tilley Simon , Clarke Nicholas M. P. , Oreffo Richard O. C. , Kokubun Shoichi , Bronner Felix 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether the abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 3, 9, and 13 and ADAMTS‐4 by human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes is associated with epigenetic “unsilencing.”MethodsCartilage was obtained from the femoral heads of 16 patients with OA and 10 control patients with femoral neck fracture. Chondrocytes with abnormal enzyme expression were immunolocalized. DNA was extracted, and the methylation status of the promoter regions of MMPs 3, 9, and 13 and ADAMTS‐4 was analyzed with methylation‐sensitive restriction enzymes, followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification.ResultsVery few chondrocytes from control cartilage expressed the degrading enzymes, whereas all clonal chondrocytes from late‐stage OA cartilage were immunopositive. The overall percentage of nonmethylated sites was increased in OA patients (48.6%) compared with controls (20.1%): 20% versus 4% for MMP‐13, 81% versus 47% for MMP‐9, 57% versus 30% for MMP‐3, and 48% versus 0% for ADAMTS‐4. Not all CpG sites were equally susceptible to loss of methylation. Some sites were uniformly methylated, whereas in others, methylation was generally absent. For each enzyme, there was 1 specific CpG site where the demethylation in OA patients was significantly higher than that in controls: at −110 for MMP‐13, −36 for MMP‐9, −635 for MMP‐3, and −753 for ADAMTS‐4.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that altered synthesis of cartilage‐degrading enzymes by late‐stage OA chondrocytes may have resulted from epigenetic changes in the methylation status of CpG sites in the promoter regions of these enzymes. These changes, which are clonally transmitted to daughter cells, may contribute to the development of OA.
Reticulocytes bearing C4d as biomarkers of disease activity for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Chau‐Ching , Manzi Susan , Kao Amy H. , Navratil Jeannine S. , Ruffing Margie J. , Ahearn Joseph M. 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveThere is an urgent need for biomarkers with which to monitor disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We recently showed that abnormal levels of C4d, an activation‐derived fragment of complement component C4, are deposited on the surface of erythrocytes from patients with SLE. This study focused on reticulocytes, the youngest and shortest‐lived erythrocytes (lifespan 24–48 hours), with the objective of testing our hypothesis that when reticulocytes emerge from the bone marrow, they are immediately exposed to and acquire C4d at levels proportionate to the extent of complement activation at that time, thereby reflecting disease activity in SLE.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 156 patients with SLE, 140 patients with other diseases, and 159 healthy controls. Levels of C4d on the surface of reticulocytes were examined using a 2‐color flow cytometric assay. The results were analyzed for correlations with SLE disease activity.ResultsA wide range of increased levels of reticulocyte C4d was specifically detected in SLE patients. These levels fluctuated in SLE patients and correlated with clinical disease activity, as determined by the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus: National Assessment (SELENA) version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM). Specifically, in cross‐sectional analyses, patients with reticulocyte C4d levels in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile had significantly higher SELENA–SLEDAI (P = 0.00002) and SLAM (P = 0.02) scores. Longitudinal observation demonstrated that the reticulocyte C4d levels changed in relation to the clinical course in individual patients.ConclusionThese findings support our hypothesis that C4d‐bearing reticulocytes may serve as biomarkers of disease activity in patients with SLE.
Association between PADI4 and rheumatoid arthritis: A replication study
Authors: Ikari Katsunori , Kuwahara Mahito , Nakamura Takahiro , Momohara Shigeki , Hara Masako , Yamanaka Hisashi , Tomatsu Taisuke , Kamatani Naoyuki 
Published: September 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 gene (PADI4) was recently reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a Japanese population. The presence of a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in intron 3 of PADI4 provided the strongest evidence of this association. Moreover, functional haplotypes that affect stability of transcripts were identified. However, subsequent research failed to confirm the observed association in a UK population. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the association of PADI4 with RA, using a series of population‐based samples from subjects with the same ethnic background as the subjects in the original study.MethodsDNA samples were obtained from 1,230 Japanese RA patients and 948 ethnically matched controls. Genotyping was performed using 5′ allele discrimination assays. All samples were genotyped for 3 SNPs on PADI4 (padi4_94, padi4_104, and padi4_102), which comprised the reported haplotypes. Chi‐square testing was performed for a case–control study and the PENHAPLO program was used for haplotype estimation.ResultsAll tested SNPs were found to show significant differences in frequency between cases and controls (P = 0.010–0.0008), which confirmed the association observed in the original study. Odds ratios calculated for allele frequencies were 1.23, 1.21, and 1.36 in padi4_94, padi4_104, and padi4_102 respectively.ConclusionReplication of association in individual samples strongly suggests that PADI4 is a true susceptibility gene for RA.