bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic usefulness of deep learning methods for Helicobacter pylori infection using esophagogastroduodenoscopy images
Authors: Kang Daesung , Lee Kayoung , Kim Jinseung 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsWe aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for detecting Helicobacter pylori infection in patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Campylobacter‐like organism tests.MethodsWe categorized a total of 13,071 images of various gastric sub‐areas and employed five pretrained DCNN architectures: ResNet‐101, Xception, Inception‐v3, InceptionResnet‐v2, and DenseNet‐201. Additionally, we created an ensemble model by combining the output probabilities of the best models. We used images of different sub‐areas of the stomach for training and evaluated the performance of our models. The diagnostic metrics assessed included area under the curve (AUC), specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.ResultsWhen training included images from all sub‐areas of the stomach, our ensemble model demonstrated the highest AUC (0.867), with specificity at 78.44%, accuracy at 80.28%, positive predictive value at 82.66%, and negative predictive value at 77.37%. Significant differences were observed in AUC between the ensemble model and the individual DCNN models. When training utilized images from each sub‐area separately, the AUC values for the antrum, cardia and fundus, lower body greater curvature and lesser curvature, and upper body greater curvature and lesser curvature regions were 0.842, 0.826, 0.718, and 0.858, respectively, when the ensemble model was used.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the DCNN model, designed for automated image analysis, holds promise for the evaluation and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection.
Comparison of the management of gastric variceal bleeding techniques
Authors: Ilyas Fariha , Ali Hassam , Patel Pratik , Shah Nairuti , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Giammarino Alexa , Satapathy Sanjaya K 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackground and AimManaging gastric variceal (GV) hemorrhage is more complicated than managing esophageal variceal (EV) bleeding, resulting in significantly higher morbidity and mortality. We aim to compare the outcomes of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), transhepatic intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and balloon‐occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) in the management of GV bleeding.MethodsWe utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2016 to December 2019 to include adult patients with GV hemorrhage.ResultsOur study identified 7160 hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of GV hemorrhage who underwent the interventions of interest. EVL was performed in 69.83%, TIPS in 8.72%, and BRTO in 4.88%. Patients with liver cirrhosis had a higher frequency of undergoing BRTO (68.6%), followed by TIPS (64.0%) and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) + TIPS (63.7%) (P < 0.001). Patients with cirrhosis secondary to alcoholism had a higher prevalence of TIPS (62.4%), followed by EGD + TIPS (69.4%) and BRTO (52.9%) (P < 0.001). Overall, the inpatient mortality was 6.5%. Overall inpatient mortality was highest in the TIPS cohort (8.8%), followed by BRTO (7.1%), EGD + TIPS (6.5%), EVL (6.2%), and EGD + BRTO (2.8%) (P < 0.001); However, the Kaplan–Meier graph showed endoscopy with BRTO had the most favorable 30‐day survival, trailed by TIPS alone and BRTO alone.ConclusionEVL remains a prominent therapeutic strategy. Remarkably, the combination of endoscopy with BRTO shows promising 30‐day survival outcomes. Considering these observations, although EVL holds its primacy, it is essential to further explore the potential benefits of combined therapies in larger studies to ascertain the best treatment strategies.
Novel synthesis of 11C‐labeled imidazolines via Pd(0)‐mediated 11C‐carbomethoxylation using [11C]CO and arylborons
Authors: Ishii Hideki , Minegishi Katsuyuki , Nagatsu Kotaro , Nengaki Nobuki , Zhang Ming‐Rong 
Published: November 2023

A labeling technique was developed for the imidazoline I2 receptor ligand 2‐(3‐fluoro‐tolyl)‐4, 5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazole (FTIMD) using Pd(0)‐mediated 11C‐carbomethoxylation with [11C]CO, followed by imidazoline ring formation with ethylenediamine‐trimethylaluminium (EDA‐AlMe3). To achieve this, [11C]CO was passed through a methanol (MeOH) solution containing 3‐fluoro‐4‐methylphenylboronic acid (1), palladium (II) acetate (Pd [OAc]2), triphenylphosphine (PPh3), and p‐benzoquinone (PBQ). The mixture was then heated at 65°C for 5 min. EDA was introduced into the reaction mixture, and MeOH was completely evaporated at temperatures exceeding 100°C. The dried reaction mixture was combined with an EDA‐AlMe (1:1) toluene solution and heated at 145°C for 10 min. Portions of the reaction mixture were analyzed through high‐performance liquid chromatography, resulting in [11C]FTIMD with 26% (n = 2) decay‐corrected radiochemical yield (RCY). This method could be utilized for various arylborons to produce [2‐11C]imidazolines 4a–h with RCYs ranging from low to moderate. Notably, [2‐11C]benazoline was obtained with a moderate RCY of 65%. The proposed technique serves as an alternative to the Grignard method, which uses [11C]CO to generate a [2‐11C]‐labeled imidazoline ring.
Investigating the effect of natural fermentation in modifying the physico‐functional, structural and thermal characteristics of pearl and finger millet starch
Authors: Gupta Rishibha , Gaur Smriti 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, millets are often considered an emerging crop for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, millets can be exploited as an alternative source of starch which has many applications ranging from food, packaging, bioplastics, and others. However, starch is seldom used in its native form and is more often modified to enhance its functional properties. In literature, many traditional millet‐based food recipes often incorporate a fermentation step before cooking. Therefore, using this traditional knowledge fermentation has been explored as a potential method for modifying millet starch.RESULTSPearl millet (PM) and finger millet (FM) flour were allowed to naturally ferment for 24 h followed by starch extraction. Compared to native (N) starch, water/oil holding capacity and least gelation concentration of fermented (F) starch decreased with no significant change in swelling power. The solubility, paste clarity and in vitro digestibility of starch were significantly affected by fermentation. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data indicates that after fermentation, crystallinity increased while the A‐type crystalline structure remained intact. Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed no deletion or addition of any new functional groups. Thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the enthalpy of gelatinization of PM starch decreased while that of FM starch increased after fermentation.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that 24 h natural fermentation had a significant impact on functional properties of starch without altering the structural architecture of starch granules. Therefore, fermentation can be further explored as a low‐cost alternative for starch modification. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Controlled Degradation and Erosion of Polyrotaxane Solids via the Formation of Multivalent Hydrogen Bonding in Water
Authors: Tanaka Kiyotaka , Ooya Tooru 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBiodegradable polyrotaxanes (PRXs) are important scaffolds for the development of biomaterials. However, the degradation behavior of PRXs constructed via physical crosslinking remains largely unexplored. Herein, a degradable PRX exhibiting physical hydrogen bonds as crosslinks between α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) as the cyclic molecules is synthesized by introducing hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) containing numerous terminal 1,2‐diols into the α‐CDs with an incorporation ratio of HPG (HPG/PRX) varying from 2 to 19 via anion ring‐opening polymerization of glycidol. Rheological analysis by a frequency sweep test reveals that a typical HPG‐PRX forms hydrogels by physical crosslinking via hydrogen bonding, whereas a low branched degree of HPG in HPG‐PRX weakens the physical crosslinking. The obtained gels recover their original shape upon pulling and releasing, which is consistent with a pulley effect. Degradation and erosion tests in water show that increasing the molecular weight of the introduced HPG changes the degradation behavior from bulk degradation to surface erosion. Owing to its controllable degradation or erosion by tuning the rate of water ingress according to the number of hydrogen bonds and the branched degree, this HPG‐modified PRX paves the way for the development of new biodegradable/erodible gels.
Mean values as nondominated multicriterial points
Authors: Podinovski Vladislav V. , Nelyubin Andrey P. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce new notions of mean values based on ideas of multicriteria optimization. The distances between the current point to all points in the sample are regarded as elements of a vector estimate. Such vector estimates are usually scalarized, for example, by taking the sum of all components. In contrast, we introduce preference relations on the set of all such vectors, based on the information about the preferences of the decision maker who could be a statistician, analyst or researcher. Such preference relations reflect the distances between points, including the case in which all distances are equally important. We define the mean values as the points whose corresponding vector estimates are nondominated with respect to the defined preference relation, and investigate their properties. Such mean values turn out to be multi‐valued. We further explore the relationship between the new notions of mean values with their conventional definitions and suggest computational approaches to the calculation of the suggested new means. We also outline generalisations of the suggested approach to the case of multidimensional data.
Customer concentration and company risk‐taking: Effective contract or managerial power?
Authors: Zu Yafei , Zheng Que , Qiao Mengyao , Zeng Xiangfei 
Published: November 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between customer concentration and company risk‐taking and its underlying application scopes. The results show that customer concentration is positively related to company risk‐taking. Additional analyses discuss the moderating effect of customer concentration on company risk‐taking from the perspectives of managers' characteristics and directors' characteristics. The view of effective contract is supported by all these results. This paper not only theoretically clarifies the underlying theoretical relationship between customer concentration and company risk‐taking but also provides empirical application situations for companies to design incentive contract and adjust risk‐taking level.
Design and development of a multi‐epitope vaccine for the prevention of latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Jiang Fan , Wang Lingling , Wang Jie , Cheng Peng , Shen Jing , Gong Wenping 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundLatent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) often progresses to active tuberculosis, necessitating the development of novel vaccine to prevent LTBI. In this study, we aimed to design a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) vaccine that could elicit a potent immune response to prevent LTBI.MethodsWe used bioinformatics and immunoinformatics techniques to develop a multi‐epitope vaccine (MEV) called C624P. The vaccine contained six cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), two helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and four B‐cell epitopes derived from six antigens associated with LTBI and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis region of difference. We added Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists and PADRE peptide to the MEV to enhance its immunogenicity. We then analyzed the C624P vaccine's physical and chemical properties, spatial structure, molecular docking with TLRs, and immunological features.ResultsThe C624P vaccine displayed good antigenicity and immunogenicity scores of 0.901398 and 3.65609, respectively. The vaccine structure was stable, with 42.82% α‐helix content, a Z‐value of −7.84, and a favored Ramachandran plot area of 85.84% after majorization. Molecular docking analysis showed that the C624P vaccine could bind tightly to TLR2 (−1011.0 kcal/mol) and TLR4 (−941.4 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the C624P vaccine effectively stimulated T and B lymphocytes, resulting in high levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN‐γ and IL‐2.ConclusionsThe C624P vaccine represents a promising MEV for preventing LTBI. The vaccine's good antigenicity, immunogenicity, stability, and ability to activate immune responses suggest its effectiveness in preventing LTBI. Our study demonstrated the utility of bioinformatics and immunoinformatics techniques in designing safe and effective tuberculosis vaccines.
Effect of tin spectral filtration on organ and effective dose in CT colonography and CT lung cancer screening
Authors: Fong Grant , Herts Brian , Primak Andrew , Segars Paul , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2023

AbstractBackgroundStudies of tin spectral filtration have demonstrated potential in reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality for unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scans. The extent of dose reduction, however, was commonly measured using the change in the scanner's reported CTDIvol. This method does not account for how tin filtration affects patient organ and effective dose.PurposeTo investigate the effect of tin filtration on patient organ and effective dose for CT Lung Cancer Screening (LCS) and CT Colonography (CTC).MethodsA previously‐developed Monte Carlo program was adapted to model a 96‐row CT scanner (Somatom Force, Siemens Healthineers) with tin filtration capabilities at 100 kV (100Sn) and 150 kV (150Sn). The program was then validated using experimental CTDIvol measurements at all available kV (70–150 kV) and tin‐filtered kV options (100Sn and 150Sn). After validation, the program simulated LCS scans of the chest and CTC scan of the abdomen‐pelvis for a population of 53 computational patient models from the extended cardiac‐torso family. Each scan was performed using three different spectra: 120 kV, 100Sn, and 150Sn. CTDIvol‐normalized organ doses and DLP‐normalized effective doses, commonly referred to as dose conversion factors, were compared between the different spectra.ResultsFor all LCS and CTC scans, CTDIvol‐normalized organ doses and DLP‐normalized effective doses increased with increasing beam hardness (120 kV, 100Sn, 150 Sn). For LCS, relative for 120 kV, conversion factors for 100Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 9%, with organ dose increases of 8% to lung, 5% to breast, 15% to thyroid, and 3% to skin. Conversion factors for 150Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 20%, with organ dose increases of 16%, 18%, 26%, and 12% to these same organs, respectively. For CTC, relative for 120 kV, conversion factors for 100Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 12%, with organ dose increases of 9% to colon, 10% to liver, 11% to stomach, and 4% to skin. Conversion factors for 150Sn produced a median increase in effective dose of 21%, with organ dose increases of 16%, 17%, 19%, and 10% to these same organs, respectively.ConclusionsResults show that dose conversion factors are greater when using tin filtration and should be considered when evaluating tin's potential for dose reduction.
Could a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies lead to more informed treatment choices in patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction due to an acontractile or underactive detrusor? ICI‐RS 2023
Authors: Sinha Sanjay , Everaert Karel , Kheir George Bou , Roberts Neil , Solomon Eskinder , Belal Mohammed , Selai Caroline , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Spicchiale Claudia Fede , Wein Alan , Abrams Paul 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe underlying pathophysiology behind a diagnosis of acontractile or underactive detrusor at invasive urodynamics is very heterogeneous. Lack of etiological classification currently limits the possibility of stratifying therapy.MethodsThis subject was discussed at a think‐tank on the subject at the International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society held in Bristol, June 2023. This manuscript is a result of those deliberations and the subsequent discussions of the think‐tank.ResultsThere are challenges in defining abnormalities of detrusor contraction with resultant implications for available evidence. Pathology at any level of the neuromuscular pathway can impair or prevent a detrusor voiding contraction. Attempts have been made to identify clinical markers that might predict an underactive detrusor but strong supporting evidence is lacking. Hence, a holistic approach to phenotyping requires specialized neuro‐imaging as well as physiological investigations. Several general measures can help individuals with an abnormal detrusor contraction. The search for a molecule to enhance the detrusor voiding contraction remains elusive but there are promising new candidates. Neuromodulation can help select individuals but data is not well stratified by underlying etiology. Manipulation of central neurotransmitters might offer an alternate therapeutic option.ConclusionsA better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies behind an abnormality of the detrusor voiding contraction is needed for improving management. Towards this goal, the think‐tank proposes a classification of the underactive detrusor that might help in selecting and reporting more well‐defined patient cohorts.
Numerical design optimization of real size complex steel space frame structures using a novel adaptive cuckoo search method
Authors: Carbas Serdar , Tunca Osman 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIn this study, real size complex steel space frame structures are numerically designed to achieve optimal design weight. For this aim, standard cuckoo search algorithm is rectified through a newly proposed adaptive method over two fundamental algorithmic parameters of alien egg probability detection (Pa) and step size control (α) to overcome incompetency of trapping into local optima. Besides, to strengthen exploitation phase of newly proposed algorithm, it is boosted with greedy selection (GS). So, novel algorithm has more promising exploration and exploitation capabilities. An 8‐story, 1024‐member and a 20‐story, 1860‐member real size complex steel space frame structures are selected as design examples. Also, initially to verify the supremacy of novel algorithm, a well‐known welded beam is optimized as a benchmark structural design problem. Afterwards, the steel space frame structures are optimally designed via novel algorithm. Since ready steel section lists are utilized as selection pool for design variables, discrete programming problem is come into existence. The dead, live, snow, and wind design loads acting on frame structures are calculated in direction of ASCE 7‐05 provisions. Furthermore, the structural design constraints are determined from LRFD‐AISC specifications. Eventually, the newly proposed adaptive cuckoo search algorithm boosted with GS presents outstanding algorithmic performance.
An explicit pseudo‐energy conservative scheme for contact between deformable solids
Authors: Dirani Nadine , Monasse Laurent 
Published: November 2023

AbstractWe extend the work of Marazzato et al. [Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng, 121:5295‐5319] on elastodynamics to the treatment of contact. To that end, we propose adequate handling of boundary conditions, either through the resolution of local problems on each of the face displacement unknowns or through interpolation from nearest neighbours. Adapting the time‐integration strategy adopted in Marazzato et al. [Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 347:906‐927], it is possible to conserve both momentum and a pseudo‐energy exactly. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the accuracy of contact treatment and the energy conservation of the system.
Application of gas chromatography in the analysis of phytocannabinoids: An update (2020–2023)
Authors: Nahar Lutfun , Gavril Georgiana‐Luminita , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: November 2023

AbstractIntroductionCannabinoids are a group of compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors. They possess pharmacological properties like that of the plant Cannabis sativa. Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the popular chromatographic techniques that has been routinely used in the analysis of cannabinoids in different matrices.ObjectiveThe article aims to review the literature on the application of GC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids published during the period from January 2020 to August 2023.MethodologyA thorough literature search was conducted using different databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, GC, quantitative, qualitative, and quality control. From the search results, only the publications that incorporate the GC analysis of phytocannabinoids were reviewed, and papers on synthetic cannabinoids were excluded.ResultsSince the publication of the review article on GC analysis of phytocannabinoids in early 2020, several GC‐based methods for the analysis of phytocannabinoids have appeared in the literature. While simple 1D GC–mass spectrometry (MS) and GC–flame ionisation detector (FID) methods are still quite common in phytocannabinoids analysis, 2D GC‐MS and GC‐MS/MS are increasingly becoming popular, as these techniques offer more useful data for identification and quantification of phytocannabinoids in various matrices. The use of automation in sample preparation and the utilisation of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols have become a norm in phytocannabinoids analysis. Pre‐analyses have been found to incorporate different derivatisation techniques and environmentally friendly extraction protocols.ConclusionsGC‐based analysis of phytocannabinoids, especially using GC‐MS, remains one of the most preferred methods for the analysis of these compounds. New derivatisation methods, ionisation techniques, mathematical models, and computational approaches for method optimisation have been introduced.