bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An embarrassing aura
Authors: Lacazette Laura , Boucher Olivier , Mohamed Ismail , Bouthillier Alain , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a patient with epilepsy who described shame and embarrassment at the beginning of his seizures. Non‐invasive and invasive presurgical investigations led to resection of the polar and ventromedial portions of the right frontal lobe. Following the surgery, the patient continued to have seizures, albeit only nocturnal and with no clear aura. Subsequent removal of the right anterior insula at the junction with the frontal operculum and the posterior orbitofrontal cortex led to seizure freedom, but the patient reported a loss of motivation and stamina and was declared unfit for work. The underlying network of negative moral emotions is briefly discussed.
The epileptogenic zone in pharmaco‐resistant temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement
Authors: Suzuki Hiroharu , Sugano Hidenori , Nakajima Madoka , Higo Takuma , Iimura Yasushi , Mitsuhashi Takumi , Fusegi Keiko , Kakita Akiyoshi , Otsubo Hiroshi , Arai Hajime 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAims. Temporal lobe epilepsy with amygdala enlargement (TLE‐AE) has been considered a subtype of TLE. We evaluated the epileptogenic zone in patients with TLE‐AE, who underwent intracranial video‐EEG (ivEEG) and/or intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) as well as epilepsy surgery.Methods. Eleven patients with TLE‐AE were enrolled and investigated based on seizure profile, volumetric MRI, the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R), the location of seizure onset zone (SOZ) and irritative zone (IZ) based on ivEEG (n=8), the location of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) based on ioECoG (11), surgical procedure, and seizure outcome.Results. The mean age at seizure onset was 34.9 years (range: 23–57). The mean duration of seizures was 5.0 years (range: 1–10). The number of AEDs was 2.3 (range: 1–5). The mean seizure frequency was nine per month (range: 1–30/month). All patients presented with focal impaired awareness seizures with (n=9) and without (2) secondary generalized convulsions. Volumetric MRI analysis showed unilateral enlarged amygdala with statistical significance (p<0.01). None of the patients' hippocampi had any abnormality based on MRI. Pre‐operative mean verbal, visual, and delayed recall scores based on the WMS‐R were over 100. The SOZ and IZ were identified in both the amygdala and hippocampus in seven patients and in only the amygdala in one patient based on ivEEG. IEDs were identified in the hippocampus in six patients and in both the amygdala and hippocampus in four patients based on ioECoG. All 11 patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy, including amygdala resection, with multiple hippocampal transections (dominant hemisphere: seven patients) and resection (non‐dominant hemisphere: three patients). Nine (81.8%) of 11 patients achieved seizure freedom with a mean follow‐up of 26 months (range: 12–47). Post‐operative WMS‐R results did not show any significant deterioration, with a mean follow‐up of 15 months (range: 12–24). The resected amygdala showed no histopathological abnormality.Conclusion. The epileptogenic zone of TLE‐AE involves both the amygdala and hippocampus. ivEEG may be needed to explore the SOZ in normal hippocampus in addition to enlarged amygdala. Amygdala resection and multiple hippocampal transections may control the epileptogenic limbic system and save memory function in patients with TLE‐AE.
Genetic literacy series: clinical application of pharmacogenetics for adverse reactions to antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Zhang Zhongbin , Wu Ye , Tan Nigel CK. , Jiang Yuwu ,   and the ILAE Genetics Commission#
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT
Adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of treatment failure with antiepileptic drugs. Adverse drug reactions are also a major source of morbidity and mortality, and a substantial burden on the use and costs of health care. Recent pharmacogenetic studies have shown that some adverse drug reactions are associated with genetic variants, which has changed how we select antiepileptic drugs for individual patients. This article, beginning with a case of an adverse drug reaction induced by carbamazepine, will answer four key questions about pharmacogenetics of adverse drug reactions: (1) What types of adverse drug reactions can be caused by antiepileptic drugs? (2) What is pharmacogenetics? (3) How does pharmacogenetics play a role in the adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs? and (4) How do we apply pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice? Our goal is to increase awareness of the contributions of genetic variation to adverse drug reactions of antiepileptic drugs.
GAD65‐Ab encephalitis and subtle focal status epilepticus
Authors: Goudot Mathilde , Frismand Solène , Hopes Lucie , Verger Antoine , Joubert Bastien , Honnorat Jérôme , Tyvaert Louise 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAims. To delineate common epilepsy features associated with the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD65‐Ab).Methods. Three consecutive cases of GAD65‐Ab encephalitis patients, followed in our neurological department, were investigated with regards to clinical semiology and EEG.Results. These patients presented new‐onset subtle ictal clinical features. Patients 1 and 2 described prolonged and transitory feelings of “déjà vu ‐ déjà vécu” and a “dreamy state”. Patient 3 was admitted for subsequent transient aphasia events followed by paroxysmal behavioural disturbances.Epileptic origin of the symptoms was confirmed using either a standard EEG (observation of temporal status epilepticus in one case) or a prolonged EEG (focal epileptiform activity during an asymptomatic period for two patients). All patients suffered from clinical focal status epilepticus. Patients 1 and 2 presented with temporo‐mesial seizures in agreement with the definition for limbic encephalitis, whereas Patient 3 presented with neocortical (lateral temporal and frontal lobe) seizures arguing for a non‐limbic encephalitis. A high level of GAD65‐Ab was found in cerebral spinal fluid, confirming a diagnosis of epilepsy associated with GAD65‐Ab encephalitis.Conclusion. Encephalitis seems to be a frequent neurological syndrome associated with GAD65‐Ab disorders. Epilepsy may be more frequent and severe than currently suggested, as ictal semiology may be subtle for these outpatients in whom standard EEG is commonly falsely reassuring. Subtle focal status epilepticus is a particular semiology of the GAD65‐Ab encephalitis spectrum.
Paroxysmal non‐epileptic events in infancy: five cases with typical features
Authors: Nagy Eszter , Hollody Katalin 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTThe differential diagnosis of paroxysmal non‐epileptic events in early childhood is one of the most challenging tasks in paediatrics, and may be difficult even for specialized child neurologists. Parents are usually concerned by every unusual movement of their children and consult paediatric general practitioners immediately. We investigated five infants/toddlers (aged 1–30 months) referred by their general practitioners with a suspicion of epilepsy. None of them were ultimately shown to have epilepsy. Our aim was to determine the main reasons for referral and describe, through images and video, the typical features of five non‐epileptic paroxysmal events (benign neonatal sleep myoclonus, jitteriness, shuddering attack, paroxysmal tonic upgaze, and infantile masturbation). The review of these events reveals the significance of the circumstances within the history of the patients. A detailed history is of considerable help in the differentiation of epileptic paroxysmal events from non‐epileptic events, avoiding unnecessary investigations. Video‐EEG examination is necessary only in cases when epilepsy is strongly suspected. [Published with video sequences].
Perampanel‐induced hair curling in a patient with epilepsy associated with Pitt Hopkins syndrome
Authors: Calle‐Lopez Yamile , Kotagal Prakash , Knight Elia Pestana 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTAntiepileptic drug side effects are frequent, 42% of them corresponding to cosmetic changes. The most frequent effects are weight gain, gingival hyperplasia, and hair loss. Hair changes in texture or colour are rarely reported in the literature. We present a case of hair curling after the introduction of perampanel. A 13‐year‐old girl with genetically confirmed Pitt‐Hopkins syndrome with uncontrolled seizures, while on treatment with levetiracetam and valproic acid, was started on perampanel, reaching seizure control. After a few weeks of the introduction of the new antiepileptic drug, she developed hair curling. Hair curling is a rare cosmetic side effect, reported mainly in patients under valproic acid treatment. Perampanel is a recently introduced pharmaceutical molecule with no prior reports of hair changes as a side effect. There is no clear explanation for this side effect, but it should be discussed with patients taking valproate whenever perampanel is added to the treatment.
Applicability and contribution of the new ILAE 2017 classification of epileptic seizures and epilepsies∗
Authors: Legnani Mariana , Bertinat Andrés , Decima Rodrigo , Demicheli Elisa , Higgie Juan R. , Preve Federico , Braga Patricia , Bogacz Alicia , Scaramelli Alejandro 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim
. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical applicability of the 2017 ILAE classification of seizures and epilepsies through the analysis of a sample of 100 outpatients with a diagnosis of epilepsy.

Methods
. All clinical charts were reviewed applying both the 1981/1989 and 2017 classifications of seizures and epilepsies, respectively. For most focal seizures, descriptors were required to include all the relevant clinical information. The reclassification of complex partial seizures into focal seizures with impaired awareness with a motor / non‐motor onset allowed the inclusion of features of topographic value, although the chronological sequence of awareness impairment was lacking.

Results
. The use of the term “focal to bilateral tonic‐clonic” reduced the number of seizures classified as generalized tonic‐clonic seizures (GTCS) by 19%. A subset of GTCS (35%) and absence seizures (12.5%) were reclassified as seizures of unknown onset. Most focal symptomatic epilepsies (92%) were reclassified as focal structural epilepsies, while 27% of idiopathic generalized and 7% of focal cryptogenic epilepsies merged into the category of “epilepsies of unknown type”.

Conclusion
. Major strengths of the new classification are simplicity and the role of the category “unknown onset” to avoid forced categorization. A section assigned to uncertainty reinforces the need for further ancillary studies and periodic diagnostic re‐evaluation.
Benign spasms of infancy: a mimicker of infantile epileptic disorders*
Authors: Ghossein Jamie , Pohl Daniela 
Published: January 2024

ABSTRACTBenign spasms of infancy (BSI), previously described as benign non‐epileptic infantile spasms or benign myoclonus of early infancy, are non‐epileptic movements manifesting during the first year of life and spontaneously resolving in the second year of life. BSI are characterized by spasms typically lasting 1–2 seconds, involving, to varying degrees, the head, neck, trunk, shoulders and upper extremities. Ictal and interictal EEG recordings are normal. BSI are not associated with developmental regression and do not require treatment. Distinction between BSI and infantile epileptic disorders, such as epileptic spasms or myoclonic epilepsy of infancy, can be challenging given the clinical similarities. Moreover, interictal EEGs can be normal in all conditions. Epileptic spasms and myoclonic epilepsy require timely treatment to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. We describe a six‐month‐old infant presenting with spasm‐like movements. His paroxysms as well as a positive family history for epileptic spasms were in keeping with a likely diagnosis of West syndrome. Surprisingly, ictal video‐EEG did not reveal epileptiform activity, and suggested a diagnosis of BSI. We emphasize that ictal video‐EEG is the gold standard for classification of infantile paroxysms as epileptic or non‐epileptic, thereby avoiding over‐treatment for BSI and facilitating timely targeted treatment of infantile epilepsies. [Published with video sequences]
Interstitial lung disease in patients with systemic scleroderma: approaches to predicting lesion volume
Authors: Khorolsky D. V. , Klimenko A. A. , Pershina E. S. , Babadaeva N. M. , Kondrashov A. A. , Shostak N. A. , Mikheeva E. P. , Mezenova M. P. , Zhilyaev E. V. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To determine the factors that contribute to the prediction of the volume of pulmonary lesion in patients with systemic scleroderma (SSc).Materials and methods. The analysis included patients with SSc observed in the Registry of Myositis, systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease (REMISSIS), who underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs. For the immunological characteristic, all patients were tested for anti-topoisomerase (anti-Scl-70), and anti-centromeric (anti-CENP-B) antibodies, and anticentromere antibodies (anti-Pm-Scl).Results. The study included 79 patients with SSc. There was 94.9 % women. Average age – 64.4 ± 11.5 years. Signs of interstitial lung disease (ILD), according to HRCT were detected in 50 patients. The largest extent of lung injury was noted in patients with SSc sine scleroderma (32.7 ± 29.3 %), a smaller extent in patients with diffuse form SSc (16.9 ± 17.1 %) and the lowest in patients with limited SSc (8.5 ± 14.2 %). In addition to the type of disease, the extent of lung injury in patients with SSc-ILD was statistically significantly higher in patients with arthralgia, dyspnea and the presence of antibodies to topoisomerase I and combined autoantibodies. Also, a statistically significant feedback was established with all indicators of the test with a 6-minute walk and forced vital capacity and a direct relationship with indicators of pulmonary artery systolic pressure. When evaluating the correlation between the extent of lung injury and the degree of dyspnea according to Borg, it was found that in patients who assessed dyspnea less than 3 points, the extent of lung injury was less than 25 %. Due to the high degree of correlation, a regression formula was created for the dependence of the extent of lung injury on the distance in the test with a 6-minute walk: extent of lung injury = (52.7–0.1) × distance 6MWT. A multivariate model was also obtained for predicting the extent of lung injury in SSc, in which the patient’s immunotype, distance in the 6-minute walk test, saturation after the 6-minute walk test, and the presence of dyspnea became the most effective.
Search for predictors of methotrexate toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Devald I. V. , Myslivtsova K. Y. , Khodus E. A. , Ignatova G. L. 
Published: January 2024

Aim. To determine prognostic markers of methotrexate (MT) toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methods. The study included 294 patients with RA who were prescribed MT at a dose of 10 to 25 mg per week for the first time as basic anti-inflammatory therapy (BPVT). The following adverse events (AEs) were recorded: hepatotoxicity, toxicity from the gastrointestinal tract, blood system. Qualitative parameters were considered as possible predictors of MT intolerance: gender, obesity, smoking, systemic manifestations, as well as rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), intake of glucocorticosteroids (GCS), form of administration of MT; and quantitative: age of RA onset, baseline disease activity according to DAS28 (Disease Activity Score 28) and HAQ (Health Assessment Questionnaire), MT dose. Statistical processing was performed by one-factor methods using Pearson’s χ2 test with Yates correction, Fisher’s exact two-tailed test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Student’s t-test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by binary logistic regression.Results. In a univariate analysis, significant results were obtained for hepatotoxicity: a direct correlation with the use of corticosteroids at the onset (odds ratio (OR) 2.0; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.8, p = 0.03), inversely correlated with MT tablet intake (OR 0.5, 95 % CI 0.2–0.95, p = 0.03). According to the results of multivariate analysis, hepatotoxicity was recorded more often when taking GCS in the debut 2.01 times (95 % CI 1.02–3.96, p = 0.043), and in the presence of ACCP – 3.16 times (95 % CI 1.06–9.45, p = 0.039); and less frequently when taking tableted MT by 2.62 times (95 % CI 0.17–0.84, p = 0.017). Gastrointestinal toxicity tends to be associated with a younger age of RA onset (p = 0.06) and greater RA HAQ activity at onset (p = 0.07).Conclusions. Hepatotoxicity is more expected in patients seropositive for ACCP and GCS treatment in the onset of RA, but is less common when taking MT tablets. AEs from the gastrointestinal tract are associated with a younger age of onset of the disease and a greater degree of activity according to the HAQ index.
Machine Learning Aids Rapid Assessment of Aftershocks: Application to the 2022–2023 Peace River Earthquake Sequence, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Li Jinji , Rojas-Parra Jesús , Salvage Rebecca O. , Eaton David W. , Innanen Kristopher A. , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Sun Wenhan 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
The adoption of machine learning (ML) models has ignited a paradigm shift in seismic analysis, fostering enhanced efficiency in capturing patterns of seismic activity with reduced need for time-consuming user interaction. Here, we investigate automated event detection and extraction of seismic phases using two widely used ML models: EQTransformer and PhaseNet. We applied both the models to four weeks of continuous recordings of aftershocks using a temporary array following the 30 November 2022, ML 5.6 earthquake near Peace River, Alberta, Canada. Both the tools identified &gt;1000 events over the recording period. The aftershocks are located in close proximity to the ML 5.6 mainshock as well as to wastewater disposal operations that were ongoing at the time. Both the methods reveal an aftershock distribution that was not identified by the regional network; however, we find that events detected by PhaseNet have smaller event location errors and better depict subtle fault structures at depth, despite identifying ∼200 events less than EQTransformer. Our results highlight the advantages of using ML models for rapid detection and assessment of seismicity following felt events, which is important for rapidly assessing seismic hazard potential and risk.
The Effectiveness of Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment regarding Reducing Hopelessness and Anxiety of Working Children in Yazd city
Authors: Mahdvar Elahe , Choobforoushzadeh Azadeh , Mohammad panah Azra , Shirovi Elahe 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The phenomenon of working and street children is one of the problems that plagues most big cities. Working children means children and teenagers who, according to social laws, under the age of 18 engage in activities to earn money. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment regarding reducing hopelessness and anxiety of working children in Yazd City.
Method: The method of the current research was semi-experimental, and its design was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a four-week follow-up. The statistical population included working children in the age group of 8 to 12 who were covered by the welfare management of Yazd city in the spring of 2019. The study sample included 30 working children who were placed randomly in 2 control and experimental groups using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included Kazdin's Children’s Hopelessness Scale and Spence's Children’s Anxiety Scale. The experimental group received 8 one and half an hour sessions of treatment based on commitment and acceptance, but the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data analysis was done using analysis of covariance test and SPSS software.
Results: The results of the present study, according to the analysis of covariance, showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly reduced the level of frustration and anxiety in working children (p<0/05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the treatment based on commitment and acceptance has been able to reduce hopelessness and anxiety of working children. It is suggested to organize psychological interventions and trainings with the help of relevant organizations in order to improve working children’s mental health and reduce their anxiety and frustration.
Investigating the Factors Related to the Reduction of Salt Consumption in Women in Southern Iran: Application of ،ranstheoretical Model
Authors: Pourjalil Farzaneh , Homayuni Atefeh 
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Reducing salt consumption in population is one of the easiest, most efficient and cost-effective ways to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors related to the reduction of salt consumption using transtheoretical model among women in southern Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 on women of 18-59 who visited comprehensive health centers in Bastak city. A total number of 452 subjects were selected using convenient sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire with three sections: demographic information, a researcher-made questionnaire based on transtheoretical model constructs, and salt consumption reduction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, Pearson's correlation and regression analysis with SPSS software (v. 22).
Results: The results showed that participants were between 18 and52 with a mean of 35/51±10/13. 23/5% of the participants were in pre-contemplation stage, 21/7% in the contemplation stage, 20/8% in preparation stage, 11/3% in action stage, and 22/8% in maintenance stage. Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that there were significant positive relationships between cognitive processes (r= 0/44, p<0/01), behavioral processes (r= 0/54, p<0/01), self-efficacy (r=0/43, p<0/01) , decision balance (r= 0/37, p<0/01), and salt consumption reduction behavior; but, there was a significant negative correlation between temptation and salt consumption reduction behavior (r=-0.34, p<0/01). Moreover, regression analysis results revealed that age, counter conditioning, self-efficacy, raising awareness, decision balance, helping relationships, and temptation can predict 38/1% of the total variance in salt consumption reduction behavior (p<0/05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, self-efficacy, temptation, cognitive and behavioral change processes, and advantages and disadvantages of salt reduction play a major role in salt consumption reduction behavior. It is suggested that these variables be taken into account in developing and implementing educational interventions.