bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome in patients with hip fracture from 2008 to 2018, and the significance of hand-grip strength – a cross-sectional comparative study
Authors: Probert Noelle , Andersson Åsa G. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Incidence of hip fracture is estimated to rise, increasing demands on healthcare. Our objective was to compare patients with hip fracture, a decade apart, regarding surgical characteristics and functional outcome in relation to morbidity. A secondary aim was to analyse postoperative hand-grip strength (HGS) in relation to walking ability 4 months postoperatively.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional comparative study of patients with hip fracture, included in 2008 (n = 78) and 2018 (n = 76) at Örebro University Hospital. Patient-data (age, gender, morbidity, fall-circumstances, fracture, surgical characteristics, and length of stay) were collected from medical records. HGS was measured postoperatively. Data on functional outcome in terms of housing, walking ability and need of walking aids at 4 months postoperatively was collected from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register RIKSHÖFT. Statistical analyses adapted were hypothesis tests and regression analysis.

Results
Patients in 2018 presented a significantly higher morbidity than patients in 2008 and there were significant differences in adapted surgical methods. Functional outcome at 4-months postoperatively was analysed by logistic regression where Cohort 2018 was associated with higher odds of independent walking ability (OR 5.7; 95%CI 1.9–17.2) and not needing any walking aids (OR 5.1; 95%CI 1.9–17.2). Postoperative HGS was higher among patients in 2018 and a multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between HGS and walking ability at 4 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
This study supports the since previously reported development in hip fracture surgery in Sweden while also presenting that functional outcome seems to have improved despite a concomitant increase in morbidity. Results suggest an improvement in postoperative HGS, predicting walking ability at 4 months postoperatively.
Rapid prototyping of models for COVID-19 outbreak detection in workplaces
Authors: Abell Isobel , Zachreson Cameron , Conway Eamon , Geard Nicholas , McVernon Jodie , Waring Thomas , Baker Christopher 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly case detection is critical to preventing onward transmission of COVID-19 by enabling prompt isolation of index infections, and identification and quarantining of contacts. Timeliness and completeness of ascertainment depend on the surveillance strategy employed. This paper presents modelling used to inform workplace testing strategies for the Australian government in early 2021. We use rapid prototype modelling to quickly investigate the effectiveness of testing strategies to aid decision making. Models are developed with a focus on providing relevant results to policy makers, and these models are continually updated and improved as new questions are posed. Developed to support the implementation of testing strategies in high risk workplace settings in Australia, our modelling explores the effects of test frequency and sensitivity on outbreak detection. We start with an exponential growth model, which demonstrates how outbreak detection changes depending on growth rate, test frequency and sensitivity. From the exponential model, we learn that low sensitivity tests can produce high probabilities of detection when testing occurs frequently. We then develop a more complex Agent Based Model, which was used to test the robustness of the results from the exponential model, and extend it to include intermittent workplace scheduling. These models help our fundamental understanding of disease detectability through routine surveillance in workplaces and evaluate the impact of testing strategies and workplace characteristics on the effectiveness of surveillance. This analysis highlights the risks of particular work patterns while also identifying key testing strategies to best improve outbreak detection in high risk workplaces.
Effect of the smartphone application on caesarean section in women with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled trial in China
Authors: Feng Yi , Shi Cuixia , Zhang Chengyan , Yin Chenghong , Zhou Li 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
The rate of caesarean section (CS) is increasing worldwide. While a CS can be life-saving when medically indicated, it can cause adverse health effects for both women and children. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of the smartphone application, which aims to control the gestational weight gain, on the rate of CS in overweight and obese women.

Methods
Overweight and obese primiparas (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2) with age between 20 and 40 years old were recruited at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, and randomly assigned into the intervention group (143 cases) and the control group (138 cases). The intervention group applied the smartphone application (App) to control gestational weight gain in addition to the usual care, and the control group received the usual care. Primary outcome was cesarean section (CS) rate. Secondary outcomes included gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, and macrosomia.

Results
There was a significant difference in CS rate, with 53.3% in the intervention group and 65.4% in the control group (P = 0.044). The difference still exists in the overweight subgroup (32.6% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.04), but disappears in the obesity subgroup (63.0% vs. 69.1%, P = 0.381). The median of gestational weight gain (GWG) of the intervention group is 8.5 kg (IQR 5.5, 11.0), which is significantly less than that of the control group (median 10.0 kg, IQR [6.0, 14.0], P = 0.008). The intervention group has significantly lower rate of postpartum hemorrhage (5.19%) than the control group (12%) (P = 0.045). There were no significant differences between the groups in gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, neonatal asphyxia, and macrosomia.

Conclusion
The smartphone assisted weight control may help reduce CS rate. The effects of the smartphone application might be via the management of gestational weight gain.

Trail registration
This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number is ChiCTR2300068845 (retrospectively registered, 01/03/2023).
The relationship between kinaesthesia, motor performance, physical fitness and joint mobility in children living in Nigeria
Authors: Anieto Ebuka Miracle , Anieto Ijeoma Blessing , Ituen Oluwakemi Adebukola , Naidoo Niri , Ezema Charles I. , Smits-Engelsman Bouwien 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to determine the relationship between kinaesthesia, motor performance, fitness, and joint mobility in children.

Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving children from two primary schools in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. The Beighton criteria were used to measure joint mobility. Motor performance, fitness, and kinaesthesia were measured in all the children. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the outcomes.

Results
A total of 91 children (51.6% girls) participated in the study. The mean age of the children was 8.20 ± 1.98 years. Using a Beighton score of ≥ 6, Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) was identified in a total of 35 (38.46%) children and was more prevalent in females (60.0%). Joint mobility had significant correlations with most fitness and motor performance items, but not kinaesthesia. Agility & power, and motor performance seem to be reduced if mobility is larger. Kinaesthesia was correlated with most fitness and motor performance items, indicating that better fitness and better motor performance cooccur with better kinaesthesia or vice versa.

Conclusion
Joint mobility may have a significant influence on fitness and motor performance in children. Hence, it may be useful for future studies to investigate how fitness and motor performance modulate the onset and progression of musculoskeletal symptoms in GJH.
Early prediction of need for invasive mechanical ventilation in the neonatal intensive care unit using artificial intelligence and electronic health records: a clinical study
Authors: Kim Younga , Kim Hyeongsub , Choi Jaewoo , Cho Kyungjae , Yoo Dongjoon , Lee Yeha , Park Su Jeong , Jeong Mun Hui , Jeong Seong Hee , Park Kyung Hee , Byun Shin-Yun , Kim Taehwa , Ahn Sung-Ho , Cho Woo Hyun , Lee Narae 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Respiratory support is crucial for newborns with underdeveloped lung. The clinical outcomes of patients depend on the clinician’s ability to recognize the status underlying the presented symptoms and signs. With the increasing number of high-risk infants, artificial intelligence (AI) should be considered as a tool for personalized neonatal care. Continuous monitoring of vital signs is essential in cardiorespiratory care. In this study, we developed deep learning (DL) prediction models for rapid and accurate detection of mechanical ventilation requirements in neonates using electronic health records (EHR).

Methods
We utilized data from the neonatal intensive care unit in a single center, collected between March 3, 2012, and March 4, 2022, including 1,394 patient records used for model development, consisting of 505 and 889 patients with and without invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) support, respectively. The proposed model architecture includes feature embedding using feature-wise fully connected (FC) layers, followed by three bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) layers.

Results
A mean gestational age (GA) was 36.61 ± 3.25 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 2,734.01 ± 784.98 g. The IMV group had lower GA, birth weight, and longer hospitalization duration than the non-IMV group (P < 0.05). Our proposed model, tested on a dataset from March 4, 2019, to March 4, 2022. The mean AUROC of our proposed model for IMV support prediction performance demonstrated 0.861 (95%CI, 0.853–0.869). It is superior to conventional approaches, such as newborn early warning score systems (NEWS), Random Forest, and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) with 0.611 (95%CI, 0.600–0.622), 0.837 (95%CI, 0.828–0.845), and 0.0.831 (95%CI, 0.821–0.845), respectively. The highest AUPRC value is shown in the proposed model at 0.327 (95%CI, 0.308–0.347). The proposed model performed more accurate predictions as gestational age decreased. Additionally, the model exhibited the lowest alarm rate while maintaining the same sensitivity level.

Conclusion
Deep learning approaches can help accurately standardize the prediction of invasive mechanical ventilation for neonatal patients and facilitate advanced neonatal care. The results of predictive, recall, and alarm performances of the proposed model outperformed the other models.
SRSF2 is required for mRNA splicing during spermatogenesis
Authors: Lei Wen-Long , Du Zongchang , Meng Tie-Gang , Su Ruibao , Li Yuan-Yuan , Liu Wenbo , Sun Si-Min , Liu Meng-Yu , Hou Yi , Zhang Chun-Hui , Gui Yaoting , Schatten Heide , Han Zhiming , Liu Chenli , Sun Fei , Wang Zhen-Bo , Qian Wei-Ping , Sun Qing-Yuan 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
RNA splicing plays significant roles in fundamental biological activities. However, our knowledge about the roles of alternative splicing and underlying mechanisms during spermatogenesis is limited.

Results
Here, we report that Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2), also known as SC35, plays critical roles in alternative splicing and male reproduction. Male germ cell-specific deletion of Srsf2 by Stra8-Cre caused complete infertility and defective spermatogenesis. Further analyses revealed that deletion of Srsf2 disrupted differentiation and meiosis initiation of spermatogonia. Mechanistically, by combining RNA-seq data with LACE-seq data, we showed that SRSF2 regulatory networks play critical roles in several major events including reproductive development, spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle, synapse organization, DNA recombination, chromosome segregation, and male sex differentiation. Furthermore, SRSF2 affected expression and alternative splicing of Stra8, Stag3 and Atr encoding critical factors for spermatogenesis in a direct manner.

Conclusions
Taken together, our results demonstrate that SRSF2 has important functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility by regulating alternative splicing.
Surgery for stage IIB–IIIB small cell lung cancer
Authors: Huang Zhida , Liu Yue , Wang Suyu , Ai Kaixing , Zhang Peng 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The NCCN guidelines do not recommend surgery for T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) due to a lack of evidence.

Methods
Data of patients with T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 SCLC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to determine the impact of surgery on this population. The Kaplan–Meier method, univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to compare the overall survival (OS) between the surgery and non-surgery groups. In addition, we explored whether sublobectomy, lobectomy, and pneumonectomy could provide survival benefits.

Results
In total, 8572 patients with SCLC treated without surgery and 342 patients treated with surgery were included in this study. The PSM-adjusted hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for surgery vs. no surgery, sublobectomy vs. no surgery, lobectomy vs. no surgery, pneumonectomy vs. no surgery, and lobectomy plus adjuvant chemoradiotherapy vs. chemoradiotherapy were 0.71 (0.61–0.82) (P < 0.001), 0.91 (0.70–1.19) (P = 0.488), 0.60 (0.50–0.73) (P < 0.001), 0.57 (0.28–1.16) (P = 0.124), and 0.73 (0.56–0.96) (P = 0.023), respectively. The subgroup analysis demonstrated consistent results.

Conclusions
Lobectomy improved OS in patients with T3–4N0M0/T1–4N1–2M0 SCLC, while pneumonectomy also demonstrated a tendency to improve OS without statistical significance; however, sublobectomy showed no survival benefit.
Customer preferences heterogeneity toward avocado: a latent class approach based on the best–worst scaling choice modeling
Authors: Giuggioli Nicole Roberta , Merlino Valentina Maria , Sparacino Antonina , Peano Cristiana , Borra Danielle , Massaglia Stefano 
Published: October 2023

AbstractConsumption of the avocado fruit and its availability in the retail market has increased in recent decades and with it the desire to learn more about the market and consumer choices. This research aims to explore the consumers' preference heterogeneity toward avocado fruit in Italy assessing their personal eating orientation and socio-demographic factors. To achieve this purpose, the answers of 817 Italian consumer of avocado were collected using a structured questionnaire shared online at national level. A survey based on the best–worst method was conducted to assess the declared preferences of individuals toward a set of intrinsic, extrinsic and credence attributes of avocado, as well as a latent class analysis of subject preferences indexes was applied to identify different clusters of individuals. The distribution of preferences indexes was investigated among latent classes, which were regressed on the socio-demographic variables covariates using multinomial logistic regression. The results suggest that the desirable attributes for choosing avocado were taste, consistency (ready to eat) and affordable price. In addition, five consumer profiles in the Italian context were defined (named Hedonistic, Avocado fruit lovers, Sustainability sensitive, Value for money and Health sensitive) and characterized in terms of preferences and socio-demographic features. The study addresses a topic that has already been explored, but with an unexploited approach (latent class analysis combined with best–worst choice modeling). Therefore, the results help fill the gap in the existing literature by enriching it with a study that characterizes avocado consumers' preferences considering their heterogeneity in terms of perception and socio-demographic characteristics.
Pet cats may shape the antibiotic resistome of their owner’s gut and living environment
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Hu Xinwen , Cai Shuang , Hu Nan , Yuan Yilin , Wu Yinbao , Wang Yan , Mi Jiandui , Liao Xindi 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Companion animals can contribute to the physical and mental health of people and often live in very close association with their owners. However, the antibiotic resistome carried by companion animals and the impact they have on their owners and living environment remain unclear. In this study, we compared the ARG profiles of cats, humans, and their living environments using metagenomic analysis to identify the core ARGs in the cat and human gut and explore the potential impact of cats on ARGs in the human gut through the environment.

Results
Results showed that the abundance of ARGs in the cat gut was significantly higher than that in the human gut (P < 0.0001), with aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance genes being the dominant ARGs in the cat gut. There was no significant difference in the abundance of total ARGs in the guts of cat owners and non-owners (P > 0.05). However, the abundance of aminoglycoside resistance genes including APH(2'')-IIa and AAC(6')-Im was significantly higher in cat owners than that in non-cat owners (P < 0.001). Also, ARG abundance was positively correlated with the frequency of cat activity in the living environment. Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant ARG host co-occurring in the cat gut, human gut, and living environment.

Conclusions
Our results show that cats may shape the living environment resistome and thus the composition of some ARGs in the human gut, highlighting the importance of companion animal environment health.
Preventable tragedies: findings from the #NotAnAccident index of unintentional shootings by children
Authors: Cannon Ashley D. , Reese Kate , Tetens Paige , Fingar Kathryn R. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Between 2015 and 2021, 3,498 Americans died from unintentional gun injuries, including 713 children 17 years and younger. Roughly 30 million American children live in homes with firearms, many of which are loaded and unlocked. This study assesses the scope of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US and the relationship between these shootings and state-level secure storage laws.

Methods
Demographic and injury data of both perpetrators and victims of unintentional shootings by children 17 and younger in the US from 1/1/2015–12/31/2021 were extracted from the #NotAnAccident Index. The #NotAnAccident Index contains media-report data, which is systematically flagged through Google Alerts. We describe characteristics of incidents and examine incident rates over time. The association between state-level secure storage laws and rates of unintentional shootings by children is assessed in multivariate negative binomial regression models.

Results
2,448 unintentional shootings by children resulted in 926 deaths and 1,603 nonfatal gun injuries over a period of seven years. Most perpetrators (81%) and victims (76%) were male. The mean age was 10.0 (SD 5.5) for shooters and 10.9 (SD 8.1) for victims. Children were as likely to shoot themselves (49%) as they were to shoot others (47%). The majority of victims were under 18 years old (91%). Shootings most often occurred in or around homes (71%) and with handguns (53%). From March to December 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, incidents increased 24% over the same period in 2019, which was driven largely by an increase among shooters ages 0–5. Depending on the type of law, rates of unintentional shootings by children were 24% to 72% lower in states with secure storage laws, compared to states without such laws.

Conclusions
Unintentional shootings by children are on the rise, particularly among children 0–5 years old, but are preventable tragedies. Our results show that secure firearm storage policies are strongly correlated with lower rates of unintentional shootings by children. Firearm storage policies, practices, and education efforts are needed to ensure guns are kept secured and inaccessible to children.
Counseling for opioids prescribed at discharge of hospitalized adolescent trauma patients
Authors: Mello Michael J. , Lee Lois K. , Christison-Lagay Emily , Spirito Anthony , Becker Sara , Bromberg Julie , Ruest Stephanie , Zonfrillo Mark R. , Scott Kelli , Pruitt Charles , Lawson Karla , Nasr Isam , Aidlen Jeremy , Baird Janette 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Expert consensus recommends prescription opioid safety counseling be provided when prescribing an opioid. This may be especially important for youth with preexistent alcohol and other drug (AOD) use who are at higher risk of developing opioid use disorder. This study examined the frequency that adolescent trauma patients prescribed opioids at hospital discharge received counseling and if this differed by adolescents’ AOD use.

Method
This study was embedded within a larger prospective stepped-wedge type III hybrid implementation study of AOD screening across a national cohort of pediatric trauma centers. Data were collected during 2018–2021 from admitted adolescent trauma patients (12–17 yo) at seven centers. Patient data were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) on any prescribed discharged opioids, documentation of counseling delivered on prescribed opioid, who delivered counseling, and patients’ AOD screening results. Additionally, adolescents received an online survey within 30 days of hospital discharge that included asking about hospital discussions on safe use of prescription pain medication.

Results
Of the 247 adolescent trauma patients enrolled, 158 completed the 30-day survey. AOD screening results were documented in the EHR for 139 patients (88%), with 69 (44.1%) screening AOD-positive. Opioids at discharge were prescribed to 86 (54.4%) adolescent patients, with no significant difference between those screened AOD-positive and AOD-negative (42.4% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.89). Counseling was documented in the EHR for 30 (34.9%) of those prescribed an opioid and was not significantly different by sex, age, race, ethnicity or between adolescent patients with documentation of AOD use (29.3%) versus those who did not (33.3%, p = 0.71). According to the adolescent survey, among those prescribed an opioid, 61.2% reported someone had talked with them about safe use of newly prescribed pain medications with again no difference between AOD-positive and AOD-negative screening results (p = 0.34).

Conclusions
Although adolescent trauma patients recalled discussions on safe use of prescribed pain medication more often than was documented in the EHR, these discussions were not universal and did not differ if adolescents had screened positive or negative for AOD use as documented in the EHR.
Trial Registry: clinicaltrials.gov NCT03297060.