bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 39-Year-Old Woman with Oculodermal Melanocytosis: A Case Report
Authors: Fensilia Yolanda Gina Sonia , Ramzi Amin  , H. A. K. Ansyori  
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Nevus of Ota, also known as oculodermal melanocytosis (ODM), is characterized by macular pigmentation which localized to the forehead and periocular area. It usually shows a dermatomal distribution from the first two branches of the trigeminal nerve. We reported a case of oculodermal melanocytosis (ODM).
Case presentation: A 39-year-old woman, came with complaints of her left eye rolling inwards for the past 5 years accompanied by a flat black spot on her forehead that spread to her left cheek. She was done macular OCT and orbital ultrasonography of the left eye. She was diagnosed with oculodermal melanocytosis in the left eye, moderate NPDR in both eyes, juvenile cataracts in both eyes, and esotropia in the left eye due to left-eye cranial nerve VI paralysis. Follow-up at 6 months was advised to the patient.
Conclusion: Although this is a benign condition, patients are at risk of developing complications such as increased intraocular pressure and melanoma of the skin and/or uvea, ongoing evaluation with imaging methods is highly recommended even if only skin lesions may be repaired using laser for cosmetic reasons.
PHYSICALITY AS AN INDICATOR OF THE EXISTENCE OF A «MASS-MAN» IN THE PLAY V.S.VISHNEVSKY'S «OPTIMISTIC TRAGEDY»
Authors: Каблуков Валерий Витальевич 
Published: January 2024

Цель исследования - рассмотреть формы презентации несомненно актуального для нашего времени типа сознания «человека-массы». Научная новизна работы заключается в применении современных методов анализа к в художественному произведению социального заказа первой трети ХХ века. В результате исследования обнаружено, что в действие пьесы заложена структура пеласгического мифа творения, связанного с матриархальным этапом развития человечества.
The purpose of the study is to consider the forms of presentation of the undoubtedly relevant for our time type of consciousness of the "mass man". The scientific novelty of the work lies in the application of modern methods of analysis to the artwork of the social order of the first third of the twentieth century. As a result of the research, it was found that the structure of the pelagic myth of creation associated with the matriarchal stage of human development is embedded in the action of the play.
METHOD FOR MEASURING VOLTAGE ON LAMPS WITH CONTROL DEVICE FOR AIR DISINFECTION INSTALLATION
Authors: Микаева Светлана Анатольевна , Абрамова Наталья Викторовна , Шушлебин Андрей Владимирович , Фомин Матвей Сергеевич , Мамедов Искадер Рауфович 
Published: January 2024

В статье описана методика измерения ламп типа дуговая бактерицидная (ДБ) для установок по обеззараживанию воздуха, работающих с помощью электронных пускорегулирующих аппаратов (ЭПРА). Даны основные технические характеристики, габаритные и присоединительные размеры ЭПРА.
The article describes a method for measuring arc germicidal lamps (BA) for an air disinfection installation, operating using electronic ballasts (EPG). The main technical characteristics, overall and connecting dimensions of electronic ballasts are given.
SOLVING CURRENT PROBLEMS USING NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Владимирович 
Published: January 2024

Работа посвящена применению нейронных сетей, которые успешно решают самые актуальные проблемы, стоящие перед современным обществом. Представлена краткая история развития нейросетей. Рассматриваются следующие нейронные сети: ChatGPT, MENNDL, AlphaFold, Exscientia, Neuralangelo, WomboArt и ModelScope. Обрисованы возможности дальнейшего развития нейронных сетей.
The work is devoted to the use of neural networks, which successfully solve the most pressing problems facing modern society. Представлена краткая история развития нейросетей. The following neural networks are considered: ChatGPT, MENNDL, AlphaFold, Exscientia, Neuralangelo, WomboArt и ModelScope. Possibilities for further development of neural networks are outlined.
Manejo Integral de Fractura Expuesta de Tibia Proximal. Reporte de Caso
Authors: Tapia Alburquerque Manuel , Mahecha Guzmán Marcela , Trujillo Altamirano John , Calvache Ontaneda Miguel , Viteri Vera Julio 
Published: January 2024

Las fracturas abiertas de tibia proximal son lesiones complejas de pronóstico variable donde existe pérdida de la continuidad ósea y comunicación con el ambiente externo. La proximidad de la tibia a la piel la hace propensa a sufrir daños extensos en los tejidos blandos y complicaciones perjudiciales posteriores por lo que deben ser manejadas por traumatólogos y cirujanos plásticos para abordar las lesiones tanto en el hueso como en los tejidos blandos. Los objetivos principales del tratamiento son lograr la estabilidad y la restauración de las superficies articulares esto es posible gracias al avance de las herramientas terapéuticas como el uso de oxígeno hiperbárico. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de 56 años, masculino, es traído en ambulancia a emergencias del Hospital General HOSNAG, tras sufrir accidente de tránsito con su vehículo, dando como resultado una fractura expuesta de tercio proximal de tibia con una considerable tumefacción y contusión de partes blandas. Es hospitalizado, se le realiza limpieza quirúrgica, colocación de tutores, corticotomía, colocación del sistema VAC, oxigenoterapia hiperbárica, colgajo de músculo gemelo medial e injerto de piel.
The diverse colours of money: the country-of-origin effects of foreign direct investment within East Asia
Authors: Sonn Jung Won , Zhao Yang 
Published: January 2024

This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/
In the existing literature on foreign direct investment, it is often assumed that multinational corporations and their direct investments reduce institutional differences among economies. Building upon this assumption, those influenced by management studies and mainstream economics see multinational corporations as an agent that upgrades local business conventions to global standards. Geographers do not usually accept this convergence theory and claim differences among host economies prevents convergence in business practices. The difference between these groups of scholars is that the non-convergence camp acknowledges the resilience of local business practices while the convergence camp does not.
The papers comprising this special issue question this shared assumption of foreign direct investment as a cause of convergence. As outlined in this introductory paper, and explored in detail in the following papers, we pay attention to the simple fact that the foreign direct investment is from a company or individual whose business practices are inherently influenced by their experiences of business in the nation or region of origin, and these experiences indelibly influence, to varying degrees, their local operations in investment destination. Once we accept such an obvious fact, recent debates on variety of capitalism and related literatures on the developmental state, welfare regime and other concepts all become relevant to understanding of the local operation of foreign-owned businesses.
A “Cosy Corner Chat” about Opera
Authors: Meinhart Michelle 
Published: January 2024

Magazines for the “ladies” of the upper classes flourished during the last quarter of the nineteenth century through the start of WWI. Weeklies such as The Lady, The Gentlewoman, The Lady’s Pictorial, and The Queen presented editorials on fashion, balls, marriages, art, and entertainment, constructing an idealized, fashionable femininity within London’s high society around topics that presumably reflected elite readers’ interests and tastes. Such editorials were London-centric, but they attempted to connect with other urban centers in Britain, Ireland, and the Continent, creating networks of upper-class women readers and consumers. Central to the formulation of the fashionable woman in these magazines was music, and columns discussing opera, concerts, and sheet music were frequent. This essay examines the coverage of London’s opera culture in women’s high society magazines from 1885 to 1914, interrogating how debates over old and new femininities played out around music. I show that opera was primarily a social phenomenon for upper-class women, often in opposition to instrumental music. As opera coverage in the magazines waned, other music became increasingly connected with feminine usefulness and philanthropic work, coming to full fruition with the onset of war and new definitions of women’s “work” in 1914.
Multiple Gastrointestinal Haemangiomatosis: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Adefarakan Shina , Tshifularo Nyaweleni 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) haemangiomatosis is a very rare cause of GI bleeding in children. Due to this fact, making the diagnosis sometimes is delayed. In this case report, two different patients with multiple GI haemangiomatosis are presented. Of note is an 8 year old male with a previous history of a vascular malformation of the face presented with features of bowel obstruction (intussusception) and a history of recurrent blood in stool. At laparotomy, multiple haemangiomatosis were seen on the small bowel, right colon, liver, diaphragm and on the body of the gallbladder. Surgical management with excision of the enteric lesions and stapled anastomosis was done.
No Child’s Play: Under-five Child Feces Management in a Rural Area of Bengaluru Urban District, India
Authors: Thattil Anissa Mary Thomas , Agrawal Twinkle , Surti Abdul Kader , Sebastian Stallon , Mirza Kiyana , Jacob George , Fathima Farah Naaz 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Inappropriate feces disposal leads to environmental contamination, and increases the risk of exposure to children. We aimed to estimate the proportion of rural households with knowledge and practice of safe management of feces (SMoF) among under-five children and to identify associated factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in eight villages in Bengaluru Urban district over 2 months, using a face-validated semi-structured interview schedule. SMoF was defined based on five criteria – defecation site, transport tool, feces disposal, cleaning of transport tool, and hand washing.

Results:
Out of 320 under-five children surveyed, 15.7% were pre-ambulatory and 84.3% were ambulatory. The majority of the caregivers (92.5%) felt that children should defecate in the latrine and only 23.7% were aware that child feces were more infectious than adult feces. SMoF was only practiced by caregivers of ambulatory children (52.6%). Households with older caregivers (P = 0.01) and those living in a pucca house (P = 0.02) with a latrine inside (P = 0.04) were found to practice SMoF. Children of households that practiced unsafe disposal of child feces experienced more diarrheal episodes (P = 0.04). Caregivers >20 years were found to have better odds of SMoF [20–25 years (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 9.02), 26–30 years (aOR: 12.17), >30 years (aOR: 8.93)] compared to those <20 years.

Conclusion:
The proportion of households with knowledge and practice of SMoF was low. Awareness of SMoF is essential to reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases and improve sanitation. Our findings also call for awareness building at schools and colleges.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Therapy for Tobacco Cessation in India: A Secondary Analysis of GATS-1 and 2
Authors: Kapoor Shivam , Dhankhar Anushikha , Bhatt Garima , Goel Sonu , Singh Rana J. 
Published: January 2024

Background:
India has nearly 267 million adult tobacco users, with a slowly improving quitting rate. Among the many approaches to quitting the habit, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patch or gum, and prescribed allopathic medicines. Complementary and alternative medicine/therapy (CAM), a thousand-year-old practice in India, may also prove to be a potential method in tobacco cessation; however, there is scarce literature on the extent of use of CAM among tobacco users who attempt to quit the habit. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the potential of CAM as a strategy for tobacco control in India.

Material and Methods:
We undertook a secondary analysis of the data from both rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009 and 2016). The dependent variable included in the analysis was the use of traditional medicine as a method for quitting tobacco in three types of users—smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and dual users. The prevalence of CAM use was reported, and Chi-square test was applied to find the factors significantly associated with the use of CAM among tobacco users considering a P value of 0.05 to be statistically significant.

Results:
The overall prevalence of traditional medicine use for GATS-1 was observed to be more among dual users (4%), while for GATS-2, it was highest among smokers (3%). For both rounds of the GATS survey, the use of traditional medicine was found to be higher among males, rural residents, users with no education or less than primary education, and the eastern region.

Conclusions:
CAM has a promising potential for supporting tobacco cessation provided a concerted effort is undertaken to standardize pharmacopeia and establish robust clinical evidence. In addition, there is a need to create awareness, build the capacity of healthcare providers, and foster academic-industrial research in indigenous Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) systems.
Extent of Smartphone Addiction and its Association with Physical Activity Level, Anthropometric Indices, and Quality of Sleep in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Rajasegaran Rajalakshmi , Prabhakaran Soundararajan , Mani Thenmozhi 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Smartphone addiction among young adults is a growing concern that is often underestimated despite its significant health hazards. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of smartphone addiction and its association with physical activity level, anthropometric indices, and quality of sleep in young adults.

Material and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 allied health sciences undergraduates of a tertiary care medical school in Puducherry, South India. The participants’ extent of smartphone addiction, physical activity, and sleep quality were assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. Anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-hip [W: H] ratio, waist-to-height [W: Ht] ratio, Conicity Index, and A Body Shape Index [ABSI]) were also measured following standardized procedures. Correlations between smartphone addiction, physical activity, anthropometric indices, and sleep quality were evaluated using Pearson’s/Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result:
Over 50% of participants showed smartphone addiction and poor sleep quality. Although a significant negative correlation was observed between SAS scores and physical activity levels, significant positive correlations were noted between SAS scores and BMI and SAS and PSQI scores.

Conclusion:
Smartphone addiction is associated with decreased physical activity, increased BMI, and poor sleep quality in young adults.
Morbidity and Treatment-Seeking Pattern among Low Birth Weight Infants: A Community-based Cohort Study from Puducherry
Authors: Manghat Sreeja , Sarkar Sonali , Kar Sitanshu Sekhar , Bethou Adhisivam 
Published: January 2024

Background:
To compare the morbidity and treatment-seeking pattern of low birth weight (LBW) and normal birth weight (NBW) infants during the first six months.

Material and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted in the service areas of eight urban primary health centers of Puducherry from October 2019 to July 2021. Details of LBW and sex-matched NBW infants were obtained from the birth registers of selected PHCs. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule on completion of the first, third, and sixth months at their homes. For comparison, Mid-p exact test was used for incidence rates, t-test/Mann-Whitney for continuous variables and the Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables.

Results:
Ninety-four pairs of LBWS and NBW infants were recruited. The incidence of morbidity during the first six months among LBW and NBW infants was 37.5 and 33.3 episodes per 100 child months, respectively (P value 0.118). Though the incidence of all-cause morbidity was similar, skin infections were significantly higher among LBW (3.10 vs 1.21 per 100 child months, P = 0.04). The incidence of all-cause morbidity was high in LBW infants with poor weight gain.

Conclusion:
Birth weight was associated with all-cause morbidity during the first three months. However, this association varied in age points and infants’ weight gain.
A Study on the Prevalence of HCV Genotypes and the Effect of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy on Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in HCV-Infected Patients at a Tertiary Care Center in North India
Authors: Shahanas S Muhammed , Verma Rajeev , Kumar Kanishka , Verma Manisha , Srivastavsa Deepak Chandra , Budhwani Priyanka 
Published: January 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of different HCV genotypes, as well as to evaluate clinical and laboratory parameters in HCV-infected patients before and after DAA treatment.

Material and Methods:
An open-label prospective study was conducted on 50 HCV-infected individuals. The HCV-infected patients underwent a baseline evaluation with complete history, examination, and other clinical investigations. These patients received the appropriate DAA according to the genotype for 3 months. At the end of 3 months, these patients were again evaluated clinically.

Results:
The majority of instances were among younger age groups. Genotype 3 (66%) was the most common. There was a statistically significant difference found in clinical parameters regarding total bilirubin (p=0.008), SGOT (p=0.001), SGPT (p=0.035), ALP (p=<0.001) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (p = 0.004). When 1a vs 1b intragroup comparison was drawn, there was a significant mean difference found in SGOT (p value= 0.053) and Creatinine (p=0.050) parameters while rest shows no significant difference when associated. In the comparison of 1a vs 3 or 4, none of the parameters shows significant difference while; when 1b vs 3 or 4 comparison was laid out, SGOT and Creatinine was found near to significant.

Conclusion:
This study concludes that with the availability of DAAs, highly effective, short-duration, and safe regimens have created better outcomes for patients with HCV infection, especially in those groups where SVR was low with prior therapies or in those where IFN-based treatment strategies were contraindicated.
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination Use in COVID-19 Patients – An Umbrella Review
Authors: Nag Kaushik , Tripura Kaushik , Datta Anjan , Karmakar Nabarun , Singh Manvi , Singh Meenu , Singal Kusum , Pradhan Pranita 
Published: January 2024

Background:
Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination was used rampantly in management of COVID-19 patients in different countries. Present review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin combination compared to the control (standard care) and any adverse effect following this combination use in COVID-19 patients if any.

Material and Methods:
We included all the systematic review with or without meta-analysis reporting the effect of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and Azithromycin (AZM) combination use in COVID-19 patient using three databases namely PubMed, medline, CINHAL, Web of Science from July 2020 till Jan 2022.

Results:
The systematic search strategy has identified 104 studies in total, after removal of duplicates only 4 systematic reviews were included in the qualitative synthesis. The various tools for assessing and reporting the data in the reviews were PRISMA, ROBINS-I, Robs2, AMSTAR, MASTER checklists. Mortality among the hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin combination group was significantly higher than among the Standard Care group. The duration of hospital stay in days was shorter in the Standard Care group in comparison with the hydroxychloroquine group or the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination group. Of the 4 systematic reviews included, 3 had low risk of bias and one had unclear risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine combination did not shorten the duration of hospital stay.

Conclusion:
Rampant use of Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine alone or with Azithromycin combination caused adverse effects like QT prolongation. Finally, there is no evidence to support use of either Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin, for the treatment of COVID-19.
Carotid Endarterectomy in a Hostile Neck: To Do or Not to Do
Authors: Agarwal Rahul , Atrepurapu Viswanath , Sharma Pritee , Krishna Y Vamsi , Gupta Prem Chand 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the procedure of choice in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. However, in patients with hostile necks due to previous surgery or radiotherapy, there is a fear of higher complication rate, blood loss, and poor wound healing. We report two patients with hostile necks in whom we performed standard CEA with no cranial nerve injuries, no stroke, no blood transfusion, and normal wound healing and briefly review the literature.
Periaortitis Following Endovascular Aneurysm Repair – A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dhanpal Nikhil , Raj Sumanth , Motukuru Vishnu , Vivekanad  , Suresh K R 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is a minimally invasive well-described procedure used in the management of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Periaortitis following EVAR is a rare but possible complication that must be considered during surveillance. We recount a case of a 77-year-old man who underwent an EVAR with coiling of the right internal iliac artery for an incidentally detected inflammatory AAA. Due to intractable lower back ache, fatigue, and low-grade fever that surfaced a month postoperatively, he was evaluated with inflammatory markers, Positron emission tomography-computed tomography angiograms which revealed features of periaortic inflammation and involvement of the right ureter and duodenum. He was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics to which he responded albeit transiently. Persistent symptoms prompted us to start systemic corticosteroids as per body weight that was tapered over 2 months and ureteric stenting was offered. Management with corticosteroids, tamoxifen, and early stenting has been described in the reported literature. His symptoms improved dramatically and the evidently high inflammatory markers also reduced. Keen monitoring and early management with steroids of periaortitis following EVAR is a prudent paradigm to be implemented.
Case Report of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia with Pulmonary and Hepatic Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Aggarwal Tanya , Meena Neerja , Ramnani Shivani , Chowdhary Jai , Bansal Nikhil , Bhargava Rahul 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome) is a rare vascular disorder that usually presents with epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are at serious risk of cerebral stroke due to paradoxical embolism, indicating the need for early diagnosis and intervention. We report a 24-year-old man who presented with hypoxemia and a history of recurrent spontaneous epistaxis, and radiologic workup demonstrating pulmonary and hepatic AVMs. He was diagnosed with HHT and treated by endovascular embolization.