bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced capability of transmitting high frequency impulses in tail nerves of diabetic rats
Authors: Nielsen J. F. , Andersen H. , Nielsen V. K. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe effect of long‐term (40 min) high frequency stimulation (143 Hz) of sensory‐motor tail nerves was studied in normal and in streptozotocindiabetic rats. The study comprised a 6‐week period, repeating the test at 2‐week intervals. In the initial (prediabetic) study, single experiments showed a mild depression of the peak‐to‐peak ampltiude during high frequency stimulation, which reversed completely during a subsequent rest period. In normal rats, the amplitude depression was unchanged in repeated tests over a 6‐week period. Diabetic rats showed a greater amplitude depression during high frequency stimulation. The difference was statistically significant after 2 weeks, but showed no further change at subsequent tests. The greater decrease in the amplitude in diabetic rats may reflect a depression of the axon membrane function, which may be the functionl correlate to the inhibition of the Na/K ATPase activity in diabetes, described by others. Monitoring of the axon membrane functional capacity may have clinical implications in the control of peripheral neuropathies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
α‐Bungarotoxin sensitization in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis
Authors: Kennel Philippe F. , Poindron Philippe , Warter Jean‐Marie , Fonteneau Paul 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA mouse model of MG, termed experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), can be obtained after immunization with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Although many studies have detailed the consequence of AChR antibodies binding at the neuromuscular junction and the difficulty in obtaining obvious clinical signs, less attention has been focused on the possibility of amplifying the muscular block in order to discriminate between immunized and healthy animals. In the present studies we observe that a single inoculation of α‐bungarotoxin (α‐bgt) can amplify the neuromuscular block revealed by repetitive nerve stimulation, and induce in EAMG mice a stable muscular weakness state lasting for at least 169 hours instead of 95 hours in normal mice. This model could provide an excellent tool for evaluating drugs active on neuromuscular transmission. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
KANDID–an EMG decision support system–evaluated in a European multicenter trial
Authors: Vingtoft Søren , Fuglsang‐Frederiksen Anders , Rønager Jesper , Petrera Jorge , Stigsby Bent , Willison Robin G. , Jarratt John A. , Fawcett Peter R. W. , Schofield Ian S. , Otte George , Sieben Guido , Vila Annick 
Published: January 2005

AbstractKANDID is an advanced EMG decision support system dedicated to the support of the clinical neurophysiologist during EMG examinations. It has facilities for test planning, automatized and structured data interpretation, EMG diagnosis, explanation, and reporting. In a prospective European multicenter field trial, the agreement levels between clinical neurophysiologists and KANDID's diagnostic statements were measured under ordinary clinical EMG practice. KANDID was assessed in 159 individual patient EMG examinations by nine clinical neurophysiologists at seven different EMG laboratories. The reasoning of KANDID was considered understandable for the examiners in 80–90% of cases. The agreement level for the electrophysiological states of muscles and nerves between KANDID and the individual examiners was, on average, 81%. The corresponding diagnostic agreement with KANDID was, on average, 61%. A pronounced interexaminer variation in the agreement level related to the different EMG centers was observed. All Danish and Belgian examiners agreed with KANDID in more than 50% of their cases with regard to the EMG diagnosis, while the English examiners were in agreement with KANDID in 50% or less of their cases. These differences were possibly due to differences in epidemiology, examination techniques, control material, and examination planning strategies. It is concluded that it is possible to transfer systems like KANDID out of their development sites and apply them successfully if they can be locally customized by the clinical end users via editors. © 1993 John Wiley & Soncs, Inc.
Muscle glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: Restoration of enzymatic activity in hybrid myotubes
Authors: Meola Giovanni , Tremblay Jacques P. , Sansone Valeria , Rotondo, Giuseppe , Radice Stefania , Bresolin Nereo , Huard Johnny , Scarlato Guglielmo 
Published: January 2005

AbstractA high level of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity was observed in myoblasts and myotubes from normal human and mouse cell cultures. However, only a residual amount of activity was observed in myoblasts and myotubes obtained from G6PD‐deficient patients (G6PD Mediterranean). Hybrids were formed by the fusion of normal (from human and mouse) and G6PD‐deficient myoblasts (from the patients). These hybrids contained a high level of G6PD activity. Hoechst staining permitted to confirm that the enzymatic activity was not restrained to a domain near the competent nuclei. These results suggest that myoblast transplantation could be used to restore normal enzymatic activity in metabolic myopathies.
Recombinant growth hormone treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Smith R. A. , Melmed S. , Sherman B. , France J. , Munsat T. L. , Festoff B. W. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractBased on the known trophic effects of growth hormone (GH) on nerve and muscle 75 patients with ALS were treated for up to 18 months with synthetic human growth hormone (Protropin) or a placebo. The course of ALS was assessed serially using a quantitative (TQNE) neuromuscular and manual exam (MRC) and laboratory chemistries. Average insulin‐related growth factor (IGF‐1) values increased from 1.2 to 2.3 U/mL in the treated group. Surprisingly, serum insulin levels did not increase. Hyperglycemia was noted in only 2 patients of the 38 patients receiving hGH, and this resolved with cessation of treatment. Over the 12 months of treatment there were 11 deaths (6 controls, 5 treated). Survival analysis, performed approximately 12 months following cessation of treatment, did not reveal a difference between the treatment and placebo group. The TQNE scores declined inexorably in both the control and treated group. Retrospective analysis of the TQNE data indicate a poor prognosis for patients who lost arm strength early. A correlation between the TQNE and MRC scores was evident at early stages of motor unit loss, less so when muscle weakness was advanced. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparison of electric and magnetic compound action signals as quantitative assays of peripheralo nerve regeneration
Authors: Kuypers Paul D. L. , Gielen Frans L. H. , Wai Ruud Tjong Joe , Hovius Steven E. R. , Godschalk Moshe , van Egeraat Jan M. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration is of great interest in clinical as well as in experimental situations. However, there are few techniques that give early and quantitative information on the states of the regeneration process. If quantitative assays would be available, different surgical techniques and medications could be evaluated more accurately in relation to axonal ingrowth and functional recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the merits of nerve compound action signals (NCASs) recorded electrically and signals recorded with a novel magnetic recording technique. We compared the two techniques in the rabbit peroneal nerve, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after a nerve reconstruction. Our conclusions are that the signals recorded with the magnetic sensor are far more reproducible and less prone to stimulus artifact than the electrically recorded signals. Furthermore, the magnetic recording shows that the number of axons that have regenerated increases with time. Previously, this could only be determined with histological studies. Other ingrowth parameters that can be quantified are the average ingrowth distance, and the variation between axons in ingrowth velocity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Invited review: Microneurography and applications to issues of motor control: Fifth annual stuart reiner memorial lecture
Authors: Hagbarth Karl‐Erik 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAmong the hypotheses regarding fusimotor functions based on earlier animal experiments some are inconsistent, others are in conformity with microneurographic observations in man. The human data provide evidence against the following two theories: (1) the length follow‐up servo theory; and (2) the theory that fusimotor neurons can be selectively activated to produce spindle sensitization and stretch reflex reinforcements. The human data support the theory of alpha–gamma coactivation. In particular, in the early phase of isometric voluntary contractions fusimotor‐driven afferent spindle activity assists in autogenetic activation of alpha motoneurons and in reciprocal relaxation of antagonists. As muscle fatigue develops, the autogenetic reflex drive via the fusimotor route declines. The fusimotor bias during contraction provides for maintenance of spindle sensitivity to minute perturbations and for load‐compensating reflex adjustments to such perturbations. Reflex overcorrections may lead to uncontrollable oscillations of the type seen in enhanced physiological tremor.
AAEM case report #27: Acute retrohumeral radial neuropathies
Authors: Brown William F. , Watson Bradley V. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAAEM case report #27. Acute radial neuropathies localized to the retrohumeral course of the radial nerve are common. Most individuals fully recover within a matter of days or, at the most, a few weeks. In a few, recovery may take longer and occasionally remains incomplete. In almost all instances the site of injury to the radial nerve can be accurately localized to the region of the spiral groove and the relative contributions of conduction block and axonal degeneration assessed using electrophysiologic techniques.
Primary respiratory failure as the presenting symptom in Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Authors: William C. , Claussen Gwen , Thomas Darryl , Fesenmeier James T. , Pearlman Robert L. , Oh Shin J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractMyasthenia gravis can present with rapid respiratory failure as the first manifestation of disease. In the Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), such a manifestation has rarely been reported. We are reporting a patient who developed respiratory failure as the first manifestation of LEMS without associated carcinoma.
Far‐field potentials in cylindrical and rectangular volume conductors
Authors: Dumitru Daniel , King John C. , Rogers William E. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe occurrence of a transient dipole is one method of producing a far‐field potential. This investigation qualitatively defines the characteristics of the near‐field and far‐field electrical potentials produced by a transient dipole in both cylindrical and rectangular volume conductors. Most body segments of electrophysiologic interest such as arms, legs, thorax, and neck are roughly cylindrical in shape. A centrally located dipole generator produces a nonzero equipotential region which is found to occur along the cylindrical wall at a distance from the dipole of approximately 1.4 times the cylinder's radius and 1.9 times the cylinder's radius for the center of the cylinder. This distance to the equipotential zone along the surface wall expands but remains less than 3.0 times the cylindrical radius when the dipole is eccentrically placed. The magnitude of the equipotential region resulting from an asymmetrically placed dipole remains identical to that when the dipole is centrally located. This behavior is found to be very similar in rectangular shallow conducting volumes that model a longitudinal slice of the cylinder, thus allowing a simple experimental model of the cylinder to be utilized. Amplitudes of the equipotential region are inversely proportional to the cylindrical or rectangular volume's cross‐sectional area at the location of dipolar imbalance. This study predicts that referential electrode montages, when placed at 3.0 times the radius or greater from a dipolar axially aligned far‐field generator in cylindrical homogeneous volume conductors, will record only equipotential far‐field effects.
Muscle carnitine deficiency and lipid storage myopathy in patients with mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Campos Yolanda , Huertas Rosa , Bautista Juan , Gutierrez Eduardo , Aparicio Manuel , Lorenzo Gustavo , Segura Dolores , Villanueva Mercedes , Cabello Ana , Alesso Luis , Arenas Joaquin 
Published: January 2005

AbstractAbnormal carnitine distribution in muscle was found in 22 of 77 patients (29%), with mitochondrial myopathy. Furthermore, total (TC) and free (FC) carnitine levels in muscle were lower in patients than in controls (P < 0.01). Muscle long‐chain acylcarnitines (LCAC) were significantly increased in these patients (P < 0.01). Muscle carnitine deficiency was found in 31.5% of patients with lipid storage myopathy (LSM) and in 25.6% of patients with ragged‐red fibers (RRF). Therefore, carnitine deficiency can be found in patients with mitochondrial myopathy even in the absence of LSM. Muscle levels of TC and FC were lower in patients with respiratory chain defects than in those with normal respiratory chain (P < 0.01). In contrast, LCAC levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Carnitine levels did not differ significantly, among patients with different respiratory‐chain defects. Consequently, these patients, owing to their biochemical block, reduce progressively the muscle carnitine pool and subsequent LCAC rise, due to long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) accumulation.
Modification of the peripheral nerve disturbance in ciguatera poisoning in rats with lidocaine
Authors: Cameron John , Flowers Andrew E. , Capra Michael F. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractElectrophysiological studies were performed on the ventral tail nerve of adult rats following intraperitoneal injection of a crude extract of ciguatoxin from known toxic fish flesh. Ciguatoxin induced significant slowing of both mixed and motor nerve conduction velocities and also significant reductions in both motor and mixed nerve amplitudes. Both absolute and supernormal periods were significantly prolonged together with an increase in the magnitude of the supernormal response. These electrophysiological disturbances were modified or blocked by intraperitoneal lidocaine. These findings suggest that lidocaine may have a potential therapeutic application in the treatment of the neurological disturbance in acute ciguatera poisoning in humans.
Magnetic stimulation: C‐8 root standardization based on arm length and arm position
Authors: Tamler Martin S. , Siegel Cara B. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractNormal values for C‐8 root distal latencies (DL) by magnetic stimulation (Magstim) have been reported; however, the methods of standardization have failed to consider the variables of arm length and arm position. Consequently, an artificial widening of the “normal” range occurs due to a false elevation of the standard deviation. In this study, Magstim of the C‐8 nerve root was performed on 30 normal volunteers. Gender, hand temperature, age, arm length, and DL with the arm resting at the patien's side and fully abducted were recorded. DL was 13.3 ± 1.1 ms with a side‐to‐side variation of 0.3 ± 0.3 ms. The difference in DL between the arm at rest and in full abduction was 0.2 ± 0.3 ms. Data analysis also demonstrated a direct correlation between arm length and DL. Utilizing this information a formula has been derived to more accurately describe the normal distribution of the C‐8 root DL by Magstim. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of myasthenic IgG on degradation of junctional acetylcholine receptor
Authors: Takeo Gou , Motomura Masakatsu , Matsuo Hidenori , Ohishi Kiyosumi , Yoshimura Toshiro , Nagataki Shigenobu , Tsujihata Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effect of the lgG from patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) on the degradation of normal rat junctional acetylcholine receptor (AChR) labeled with 125l‐α‐bungarotoxin (BuTx) and calculated the degradation rate (DR). The DR for the lgG from these patients was significantly higher than that from healthy volunteers and patients with other autoimmune diseases. For MG, DR was significantly correlated with the severity of the disease but not with anti‐AChR antibody titer. DR was accelerated by lgG from patients with generalized MG whose antibody titers were in the normal range and by lgG from patients with ocular MG. These results indicate that measurement of the DR of junctional AChR in normal rats is more closely correlated with the severity of the disease than is measurement of anti‐AChR antibody and that the former is a sensitive and confirmatory method for evaluating MG. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Femoral mononeuropathy induced by the lithotomy position: A report of 5 cases with a review of literature
Authors: Hakim Mazen Al , Katirji M. Bashar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report 5 young women who developed femoral mononeuropathy (FMN) after placement in the lithotomy position. Three had uncomplicated vaginal deliveries and 2 underwent exploratory laparoscopies. EMG was performed on 3 patients. The lesions were localized to the inguinal ligament and probably demyelinating, accounting for their excellent prognosis. On reviewing the literature, however, we believe that lithotomy position can cause FMN, not only by nerve compression at the inguinal ligament, but also by stretching of the nerve by excessive hip abduction and external rotation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Issue & Opinions. Are nerve conduction studies useful for monitoring the adequacy of renal dialysis?
Authors: Phillips Lawrence H. , Williams Faren H. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWhen hemodialysis was first used clinically, a peripheral neuropathy frequently emerged. The discovery that sufficient dialysis time would prevent the emergence of symptomatic neuropathy led to the routine use of nerve conduction studies (NCS) to monitor the „adequacy”︁ of dialysis. Modern dialysis practice has evolved since then, and the patient populationis markedly different. This report addresses the question of whether there is evidence to indicate that routine use of NCS is helpful to monitor the adequacy of present‐day dialysis. A critical review of the available literature reveals that there is insufficient evidence to allow one to answer the question. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The human sensory unit and pain: New concepts, syndromes, and tests
Authors: Ochoa José L. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThis is an overview on aspects of structure, function and pathology of the primary sensory unit in man, emphasizing concepts which form the basis for understanding the nature of neuropathic sensory syndromes and the rationale for special clinical physiologic testing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Central pain: “new” syndromes and their evaluation
Authors: Berić Aleksandar 
Published: January 2005

AbstractCentral pain syndrome is defined as pain associated with a lesion of the central nervous system. It has a low incidence but is frequently intractable and does not have effective treatment. The cause of central pain is speculative; however, the single common sensory abnormality in patients with central pain is interruption of spinothalamocortical nociceptive pathways. It appears that severe central nervous system lesions, with total destruction of ascending sensory systems, do not lead to a central pain syndrome; and that setting of mild, moderate, or severe disruption of the anterolateral ascending system with partial or complete preservation of the dorsal column/medial lemniscus functions is most frequently associated with central pain syndrome. Furthermore, even during remission, dysesthesias and pain could be triggered by additional afferent input to the large fiber/dorsal column/medial lemniscus system and, once established, they may not be abolished byadditional deafferentation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Pediatric peroneal mononeuropathy: A clinical and electromyographic study
Authors: Jones H. Royden , Felice Kevin J. , Gross Paul T. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractSeventeen children with pediatric peroneal mononeuropathies evaluated between 1979 and 1991 are reported. Twelve boys and 5 girls, ranging in age from 1.5 months to 17 years, were referred for footdrop in 16 children (94%) or for lower extremity pain in 1 child (6%). Causes included compression in 10 children (59%), trauma in 3 children (18%), entrapment in 3 children (18%), and indeterminate in 1 child (5%). Based on nerve conduction studies and electromyography, the level of the pediatric peroneal mononeuropathic lesion was the common peroneal nerve in 10 children (59%), the deep peroneal nerve in 2 children (12%), and the superficial peroneal nerve in 1 child (5%). In 4 other children (24%), pediatric peroneal mononeuropathy at the knee was not more precisely identified. Surgical exploration in 3 children with progressive pediatric peroneal mononeuropathy was valuable. Improvement occurred in 13 of 17 children (76%). © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective deep peroneal nerve injury associated with arthroscopic knee surgery
Authors: Esselman Peter C. , Tomski Mark A. , Robinson Lawrence R. , Zisfein James , Marks Stephen J. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractWe report 3 cases of isolated deep peroneal nerve injury as a complication of arthroscopic knee surgery. At the level of the knee joint, the deep and superficial peroneal nerves are usually joined as the common peroneal nerve. However, because of the fascicular structure, a partial nerve injury can result in an isolated injury to the deep peroneal nerve fibers. Due to the intraneural topography of the peroneal nerve, electrodiagnostic studies in a partial nerve injury may erroneously indicate a more distal lesion. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neuromuscular transmission in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Maselli Ricardo A. , Wollman Robert L. , Leung Cynthia , Distad Barbara , Palombi Sandra , Richman David P. , Salazar‐Grueso Edgar F. , Roos Raymond P. 
Published: January 2005

AbstractThe functional and structural characteristics of the neuromuscular junction were studied in anconeus muscle biopsies of 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Intracellular recordings revealed decreased amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs). The MEPP frequencies were highly variable in ALS patients but the average MEPP frequency was not different from that of control patients. The mean quantal content of endplate potentials (m), the mean quanta available for immediate release (n), and the mean quantal stores (N) were all decreased. In contrast, the mean probability of quantal release (p) was normal and the mean probability of quantal store release (P) was surprisingly high at the majority of ALS endplates. Histologic evidence of denervation and small or absent nerve terminals were observed in all ALS patients. These functional and structural abnormalities of the neuromuscular junction may explain the fatigability and the electromyographic evidence of impaired neuromuscular transmission often encountered in ALS patients. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.