bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural Veterans with HIV and Alcohol Use Disorder receive less video telehealth than urban Veterans
Authors: Sheinfil Alan Z , Day Giselle , Walder Annette , Hogan Julianna , Giordano Thomas P. , Lindsay Jan , Ecker Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is highly prevalent among Veterans with HIV. Rural Veterans with HIV are at especially high risk for not receiving appropriate treatment. This retrospective cohort cross‐sectional study aimed to investigate patterns of mental health treatment utilization across delivery modality among Veterans diagnosed with HIV and AUD. It was hypothesized that rural Veterans with HIV and AUD would receive a lower rate of mental health treatment delivered via video telehealth than urban Veterans with HIV and AUD.MethodsA national Veterans Health Association administrative database was used to identify a cohort of Veterans diagnosed with HIV and AUD (N = 2,075). Geocoding was used to categorize rural Veterans (n = 246) and urban Veterans (n = 1,829). Negative binomial regression models tested associations between rurality and mental health treatment delivered via face‐to‐face, audio‐only, and video telehealth modalities.FindingsResults demonstrated that rural Veterans with HIV and AUD received fewer mental health treatment sessions delivered via telehealth than urban Veterans with HIV and AUD (incidence rate ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence intervals [0.44, 0.87]; P < .01). No differences were found in terms of treatment delivered face‐to‐face or by audio‐only.ConclusionsRural Veterans with HIV and AUD represent a vulnerable subpopulation of Veterans who may most benefit from video telehealth. Efforts to increase access and improve the uptake of evidence‐based mental health treatment delivered via video telehealth are needed.
Arabidopsis leaf‐expressed AGAMOUS‐LIKE 24mRNA systemically specifies floral meristem differentiation
Authors: Huang Nien‐Chen , Tien Huan‐Chi , Yu Tien‐Shin 
Published: September 2023

Summary
Plants can record external stimuli in mobile mRNAs and systemically deliver them to distal tissues to adjust development. Despite the identification of thousands of mobile mRNAs, the functional relevance of mobile mRNAs remains limited.
Many mobile mRNAs are synthesized in the source cells that perceive environmental stimuli, but specifically exert their functions upon transportation to the recipient cells. However, the translation of mobile mRNA‐encoded protein in the source cells could locally activate downstream target genes. How plants avoid ectopic functions of mobile mRNAs in the source cells to achieve tissue specificity remains to be elucidated.
Here, we show that Arabidopsis AGAMOUS‐LIKE 24 (AGL24) is a mobile mRNA whose movement is necessary and sufficient to specify floral organ identity. Although AGL24 mRNA is expressed in vegetative tissues, AGL24 protein exclusively accumulates in the shoot apex. In leaves, AGL24 proteins are degraded to avoid ectopically activating its downstream target genes.
Our results reveal how selective protein degradation in source cells provides a strategy to limit the local effects associated with proteins encoded by mobile mRNAs, which ensures that mobile mRNAs specifically trigger systemic responses only in recipient tissues.
Development of a risk prediction model for surgical site infection after lower third molar surgery
Authors: Yamagami Akira , Narumi Katsuya , Saito Yoshitaka , Furugen Ayako , Imai Shungo , Kitagawa Yoshimasa , Ohiro Yoichi , Takagi Ryo , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is little evidence regarding risk prediction for surgical site infection (SSI) after lower third molar (L3M) surgery.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study to develop a multivariable logistic model for predicting the risk of SSI after L3M surgery. Data were obtained from Hokkaido University Hospital from April 2013 to March 2020. Multiple imputation was applied for the missing values. We conducted decision tree (DT) analysis to evaluate the combinations of factors affecting SSI risk.ResultsWe identified 648 patients. The final model retained the available distal space (Pell & Gregory II [p = 0.05], Pell & Gregory III [p < 0.01]), depth (Pell & Gregory B [p < 0.01], Pell & Gregory C [p < 0.01]), surgeon's experience (3–10 years [p = 0.25], <3 years [p < 0.01]), and simultaneous extraction of both L3M [p < 0.01]; the concordance‐statistic was 0.72. The DT analysis demonstrated that patients with Pell and Gregory B or C and simultaneous extraction of both L3M had the highest risk of SSI.ConclusionsWe developed a model for predicting SSI after L3M surgery with adequate predictive metrics in a single center. This model will make the SSI risk prediction more accessible.
Philippine immunization coverage and dengvaxia: An infodemiological study
Authors: Jamora Roland Dominic G. , Lim Marie Abigail R. , Espiritu Adrian I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA dengue vaccine, dengvaxia, was licensed for the first time in 2015. It was approved for use in 11 countries where dengue infection is endemic, including the Philippines. In November 2017, controversy arose in the Philippines regarding the dengvaxia vaccine. We hypothesized that the dengvaxia controversy might be correlated with immunization coverage in the Philippines.MethodsWe performed an analytical and infodemiological study on web‐based interest in dengvaxia, both globally and in 18 dengue endemic countries, from 2015 to 2020 using Google Trends™. Comparisons were made with search trends for the components of the National Immunization Program (NIP) and vaccine coverage by computing the Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient (r) between each variable.ResultsAmong the 18 countries included, the Philippines had the highest search volume index for dengvaxia, with peaks in searches coinciding with that of worldwide search trends. There was no correlation between the relative search volume for dengvaxia with that of vaccines included in the NIP in the Philippines from 2015 to 2020. There was no significant correlation between web‐based interest in dengvaxia and the estimated immunization coverage from 2015 to 2019.ConclusionThere was no significant correlation between web‐based interest in dengvaxia, the vaccines in the NIP, and national immunization coverage.
How to be minimalist about shared agency
Authors: Salomone‐Sehr Jules 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhat is involved in acting together with others? Most shared agency theorists endorse the Shared Intention Thesis, i.e., the claim that shared agency necessarily involves shared intentions. This article dissents from this orthodoxy and offers a minimalist account of shared agency—one where parties to shared activities need not form rich webs of interrelated psychological states. My account has two main components: a conceptual analysis of shared agency in terms of the notion of plan, and an explanation of undertheorized agency‐sharing mechanisms. My analysis states that we act together just in case our activities conform to a plan and that plan figures in an explanation of our activities’ joint conformity to it. To sloganize: shared activity is plan‐coordinated activity. Sometimes, plan‐coordination goes by way of shared intentions. However, besides shared intentions, there are at least two additional families of agency‐sharing mechanisms. The first features a central planner who determines the content of a plan and attributes the different parts of that plan to a collection of agents. The second does away with the planner and involves a roughly Darwinian selection of patterns of activity. Both families of mechanisms enable us to act together even in the absence of shared intentions.
Supra and subgingival application of antiseptics or antibiotics during periodontal therapy
Authors: Figuero Elena , Serrano Jorge , Arweiler Nicole Birgit , Auschill Thorsten Mathias , Gürkan Ali , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeriodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are characterized by inflammatory processes which arise as a result of disruption of the balance in the oral ecosystem. According to the current S3 level clinical practice guidelines, therapy of patients with periodontitis involves a stepwise approach that includes the control of the patient's risk factors and the debridement of supra and subgingival biofilm. This debridement can be performed with or without the use of some adjuvant therapies, including physical or chemical agents, host modulating agents, subgingivally locally delivered antimicrobials, or systemic antimicrobials. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to review in a narrative manner the existing literature regarding the adjuvant application of local agents, either subgingivally delivered antibiotics and antiseptics or supragingivally applied rinses and dentifrices, during the different steps in periodontal therapy performed in Europe.
Marked reduction in the incidence of transfusion‐transmitted hepatitis B virus infection after the introduction of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and individual donation nucleic acid amplification screening in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Ami , Yamagishi Naoji , Hasegawa Takashi , Miyakawa Keiko , Goto Naoko , Matsubayashi Keiji , Satake Masahiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn Japan, 41 million blood donations have been screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) during the past 8.4 years using individual donation nucleic acid amplification testing (ID‐NAT) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) screening.Study Design and MethodsTransfusion‐transmitted HBV infection (TT‐HBV) incidence was examined. Donated blood implicated in TT‐HBV was analyzed for infection stage and DNA levels. Causative HBV strains were phylogenetically analyzed.ResultsAmong 5162 (0.013%) ID‐NAT positives, window period (WP) and occult HBV infection (OBI) accounted for 3.4% (176) and 11.5% (594), respectively. No OBI‐related TT‐HBV occurred. Seven blood donations caused eight TT‐HBV cases, six of which were in the pre‐ID‐NAT WP, leaving one with an unresolved infection stage. Seven cases were caused by platelet concentrate (180 mL plasma) and one case by fresh‐frozen plasma (200 mL plasma), which contained estimated infectious doses varying between 2 and 2300 HBV virions. HBV subgenotypes in five cases were HBV/A2. Complete genome sequences of the transmitting A2 strains were nearly identical (99.6%–100%) and clustered in a group that included HBV/HIV‐1 coinfections and a higher proportion of donors in the acute infection phase (69%) than the other group of HBV/A2 sequences (5%).DiscussionThe incidence of observed TT‐HBV cases has significantly reduced to 0.19 per million in the ID‐NAT screening period. OBI‐related TT‐HBV was eliminated by anti‐HBc screening. Established TT‐HBV cases were caused by blood products with large plasma volumes containing extremely low HBV concentrations derived from blood donors at a very early infection stage.
Macroscopic and Microscopic Spray Characteristics of Dimethyl Ether in a Constant Volume Spray Chamber Using a Mechanical Fuel Injection System for Automotive Applications
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Kumar Vikram , Mehra Shanti , Mukherjee Nalini Kanta , Valera Hardikk , Nene Devendra 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Spray investigations are critical for understanding internal combustion engine combustion. Optimised spray atomisation helps improve engine output/performance and reduce tailpipe emissions. The spray from the injector nozzle depends on nozzle hole diameter, fuel injection pressure, ambient density, pressure and temperature in the spray chamber, and test fuel properties. This study evaluated macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) and baseline diesel under atmospheric conditions (1.013 bar pressure at 298 K temperature). It correlated the spray parameters with distinctive physicochemical properties of diesel and DME using dimensionless numbers, namely Reynolds number, Weber number, and Ohnesorge number. The fuel injection system consisted of a high-pressure mechanical injection pump and mechanical fuel injectors having an original equipment manufacturer fixed nozzle opening pressure in the constant volume spray chamber. The microscopic spray investigations were performed using a phase Doppler interferometer along the spray direction at three axial distances (50, 70, and 90 mm) from the nozzle. The three orthogonal spray droplet velocities of diesel and DME were compared. The droplet number-size distributions for baseline diesel and DME were compared. Macroscopic spray characteristics were evaluated using high-speed imaging. Reynolds number was higher for DME, leading to more turbulence in the spray and accelerating the spray breakup phenomenon. Weber number of DME was also much higher than baseline diesel due to its lower surface tension. The higher Weber and lower Ohnesorge numbers justified the finer droplets of DME sprays. DME showed superior spray atomization characteristics than baseline diesel, leading to superior fuel–air mixing and efficient and sootless combustion.
Leakage and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of a Labyrinth Seal and a Pocket Damper Seal Operating With Wet Gas
Authors: Torres Jose , San Andrés Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Subsea centrifugal compressors commonly using labyrinth seals (LS) and pocket damper seals (PDS) must withstand the flow of oil in gas mixtures with a liquid volume fraction (LVF) up to 5%. This paper presents experimental results for the leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of a uniform clearance PDS and a similar size LS both supplied with wet gas. The shaft diameter D = 127 mm and the seal axial length L = 48 mm. In the tests, the seals’ pressure ratio (inlet/exit) = 2.5 and the shaft speed reaches 5.25 krpm (surface speed = 35 m/s). The LS has a 17% larger radial clearance (Cr,LS = 0.230 mm &gt; Cr,PDS = 0.196 mm) due to a manufacturing error. This paper extends prior work by Torres et al. [1] for the same two seal types with a stepped clearance configuration that promotes damping. When supplied with a dry gas, the LS leaks more because of its larger clearance. A loss coefficient (cd) is a fraction of the physical clearance that characterizes a seal’s effectiveness to reduce leakage. The cd of both seals is nearly identical for operation with pure gas; the small differences are well within the experimental uncertainty. For operation with wet gas, the PDS cd decreases as the LVF increases whereas the LS cd increases, thus indicating the PDS is more effective to restrict wet gas leakage. When operating with pure gas, the direct stiffness (K) and effective damping (Ceff) of both seals are small in magnitude (K &lt; 0.5 MN/m, Ceff &lt; 2 kN-s/m) and often less than the experimental uncertainty. For wet gas operation and with shaft speed = 3 krpm and 5.25 krpm, the PDS produces Ceff &lt; 0 for whirl frequencies below 50 Hz. In contrast, the LS Ceff &gt; 0, although small in magnitude. The experimental results under wet gas operation are similar for operation with LVF equal to 3% and 5%. Unexpected low frequency broadband motions appear when supplying the PDS with a wet gas. Although small in amplitude (&lt; 5 μm), the motions increase in severity as the mixture inlet LVF and shaft speed increase. The motions are entirely absent for tests with the LS. Experiments in which the mixture is drawn from the PDS cavities rule out liquid accumulation as the cause of the observed motions. The current test results serve as a reference for turbomachinery design engineers and aid in the validation of analytical predictive tools.
Effects of Turbine Blade Tip Pressure Side Winglet and Cavity Rim on Aerodynamic Performance
Authors: Jo SooHyun , Jeon Youngmin , Baek Seungchan , Song Jeonghwan , You Donghyun , Hwang Wontae 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Turbine blade tip leakage flows occur between the unshrouded rotor and stationary casing. Such flow is one of the main sources of aerodynamic loss in a turbine. Many different methods have been proposed to reduce this loss, including the squealer tip and winglet design. In this study, numerical analysis showed that a large fraction of the leakage flow occurs after 50% of the axial chord. Thus, an additional rim was installed at the mid-point of the cavity, in an attempt to block the leakage flow to the suction side and redirect it back to the pressure side. The effect of an extended pressure-side winglet was also investigated and compared with the base squealer tip. The passage velocity field between the blades of a linear cascade was measured at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the axial chord using a 5-hole probe to assess the development of flow structures responsible for the tip leakage loss. The total pressure loss coefficient distribution was measured downstream of the cascade. Performance results from the different tip geometries were experimentally compared with each other, and also used to validate the numerical results. The winglet design showed the best performance. This design does not have a pressure-side rim, and thus the tip leakage flow has less hindrance passing over the suction-side rim, which creates a strong coherent tip leakage vortex compared to that of the squealer tip. This leads to an increase in loss beyond 90% of the span, but the counter-rotating tipwall passage vortex underneath interacts with the tip leakage vortex to reduce the loss in the 70–80% span region by a greater extent. Therefore, the pressure-side winglet design has an overall loss that is 28.3% smaller than that of the baseline squealer tip. The additional cavity rim did not show any noticeable improvements, possibly due to the angle at which it was placed, and thus needs further investigation.
Attenuation of Detrimental Hub Leakage Effects in an Axial Compressor Rotor by Customized Geometrical Design Features
Authors: Petermann Jannik , Schulz Kevin , Becker Bernd , Gümmer Volker 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The aerodynamic impact of hub gap leakage on the performance characteristics of an axial compressor rotor in conventional design (no blisk) with a high hub-to-tip ratio has been investigated using three-dimensional steady-state RANS simulations. The inclusion of circumferential hub gaps in front of the leading edge and after the trailing edge, as well as inter-platform leakage, reduced the total pressure ratio and the polytropic efficiency of the rotor by as much as 3.74% and 3.97%, respectively, compared to a design case with clean endwalls. Potential design recommendations in terms of improved aerodynamic robustness against leakage effects were derived from the separate sealing of each hub gap. Six geometry modifications were assessed, which based on these results. In a throttled operating condition, large edge radii in the front gap on the disk and platform partially recovered the initial losses of both the total pressure ratio (17.7%) and polytropic efficiency (19.6%). A circular lateral platform shape with the opening pointing toward the blade’s pressure side showed superior loss recovery capabilities at a dethrottled operating point. The combination of both features did not reduce the losses further. However, the circular lateral platform shape combined with smaller front gap chamfers proved more beneficial in a throttled state.
Characterizing Shrouded Stator Cavity Flow on the Performance of a Single-Stage Axial Transonic Compressor
Authors: Shao Runzhu , He Xiao , Zhu Mingmin , Klausmann Fabian , Teng Jinfang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shrouded stator cavity flow increases the stator total pressure loss, reduces the compressor isentropic efficiency and thus limits the compressor pressure rise capability. This paper proposes a simplified cavity flow model that consists of flow injection at the stator inlet and flow suction at the stator outlet. Based on this model, a full-factorial parametric study on the leakage flow ratio and the leakage swirl angle is performed at different rotational speeds and incidences. In the first place, the effectiveness of the numerical method is validated against the experimental data based on the full-scale cavity geometry; then, the numerical simulations on the simplified cavity geometry are validated against that of the full-scale one. Results show that the leakage flow ratio plays a dominant role in determining the compressor performance penalty. The isentropic efficiency drops almost linearly with the leakage flow ratio due to deteriorated near-hub separations, and the slope becomes steeper at higher operating speeds and incidences. The leakage swirl angle only has a pronounced effect under a high leakage flow ratio. The efficiency penalty reduces with increasing swirl angle due to an alleviated tangential flow mixing and suppressed near-hub separations. The swirl angle effect is more pronounced at lower incidence conditions. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of shrouded stator cavity flow effects and provide useful guidance for cavity seal designs.
Pressure Loss Analysis and its Prediction in Typical Valve Designs for Steam Turbines
Authors: Slama Vaclav , Rudas Bartolomej , Šimurda David , Hála Jindřich 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pressure loss analysis in valve assemblies for steam turbines has always been one of the traditional issues in order to enhance the valve design to ensure safe operation, reasonable price, and, especially, reduce pressure losses hence increasing the whole turbine output. Besides, during the preliminary turbine design, the efficiency should be predicted as accurately as possible. For this reason, the results based on a comprehensive range of measurements and numerical simulations should be compared with a general flow theory in the valves. Although many results have already been presented, the theoretical analysis and its confrontation with experimental and numerical results in the form of total loss and flow contraction coefficients have not been presented so far. It is the primary motivation of this paper. The total loss coefficient in the valve is compared with the total loss coefficient in the diffuser with and without flow detachment. Differences are described in the form of loss increase coefficient in the valve. Furthermore, in order to describe the influence of wakes and flow field non-uniformity under the valve cone, the flow contraction coefficient is introduced. The analysis is carried out on the two most typical valve assemblies: an assembly with one control valve in the chamber and an assembly with two control valves in the chamber. Data were obtained from measurements on the valve model and numerical simulations. The measurements were carried out on a valve model installed in an in-draft wind tunnel for high speeds in the Aerodynamic laboratory of the Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences. The numerical simulations were carried out in the Doosan Skoda Power Company using a package of ANSYS software tools. Evaluated data complement each other. Generalized results allow us to easily predict mass flows and pressure losses and compare different valve designs from the efficiency point of view.