bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between food environment, diet quality and malnutrition in low‐ and middle‐income adult populations across the rural—Urban gradient in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Vy Thao , Fiorella Kathryn J. , Jones Andrew D. , Thi Trinh Huong , Khoury Colin K. , Huynh Tuyen Thi Thanh , Hoang Ky The , Nguyen Kien Tri 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundEconomic reforms and trade liberalisation in Vietnam have transformed the food environment, influencing dietary patterns and malnutrition status. The present study focuses on the relationship between food environments (proximity and density of food outlets) and malnutrition (underweight, overweight, obesity) through diet quality in adult populations across urban, periurban and rural areas of Vietnam.MethodsWe evaluated food environment by geospatial mapping of food outlets through a transect walk across the “food ecosystem” from rural to urban areas. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index – Vietnamese (DQI‐V) comprising Variety, Adequacy, Moderation and Balance components. Malnutrition status was determined using body mass index. We performed a mediation analysis utilising mixed effect models to control for neighbourhood clustering effects. Confounders included age, education, income and nutrition knowledge score.ResultsAnalysis of data from 595 adult participants (mean ± SD age: 31.2 ± 6.4 years; 50% female) found that longer distance to the nearest food outlet was associated with higher overall DQI‐V (β = 2.0; 95% confidence interval = 0.2–3.8; p = 0.036) and the Moderation component (β = 2.6; 95% confidence interval = 1.2–4.0; p = 0.001). Outlet density shows a negative association with the odds of underweight among women (odds ratio = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.37–0.96). However, we did not observe statistically significant relationships between diet quality and malnutrition. Education and nutrition knowledge scores were positively associated with diet diversity, while income was negatively associated with diet moderation.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study have important implications for nutrition and dietetics practice in Vietnam and globally. It emphasises the need to consider various dimensions of sustainable diets, including economic, health and socio‐cultural/political factors. Longer distances to food outlets are associated with higher diet quality, whereas lower food outlet density increases the odds of underweight among women. This poses challenges in balancing modernisation and its adverse effects on sustainable food systems. Socio‐economic status consistently correlated with diet quality and malnutrition, necessitating further research to promote healthy diets across socio‐economic strata.
Early life stress lastingly alters the function and AMPA‐receptor composition of glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus of male mice
Authors: Brosens Niek , Simon Carla , Kessels Helmut W. , Lucassen Paul J. , Krugers Harm J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly postnatal life is a sensitive period of development that shapes brain structure and function later in life. Exposure to stress during this critical time window can alter brain development and may enhance the susceptibility to psychopathology and neurodegenerative disorders later in life. The developmental effects of early life stress (ELS) on synaptic function are not fully understood, but could provide mechanistic insights into how ELS modifies later brain function and disease risk. We here assessed the effects of ELS on synaptic function and composition in the hippocampus of male mice. Mice were subjected to ELS by housing dams and pups with limited bedding and nesting material from postnatal days (P) 2–9. Synaptic strength was measured in terms of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in the hippocampal dentate gyrus at three different developmental stages: the early postnatal phase (P9), preadolescence (P21, at weaning) and adulthood at 3 months of age (3MO). Hippocampal synaptosome fractions were isolated from P9 and 3MO tissue and analyzed for protein content to assess postsynaptic composition. Finally, dendritic spine density was assessed in the DG at 3MO. At P9, ELS increased mEPSC frequency and amplitude. In parallel, synaptic composition was altered as PSD‐95, GluA3 and GluN2B content were significantly decreased. The increased mEPSC frequency was sustained up to 3MO, at which age, GluA3 content was significantly increased. No differences were found in dendritic spine density. These findings highlight how ELS affects the development of hippocampal synapses, which could provide valuable insight into mechanisms how ELS alters brain function later in life.
Needs assessment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in the encounter and communication with healthcare professionals: A fieldwork study
Authors: Fallesen Janni Petersen , Krogh Marie Louise , Minet Lisbeth Rosenbek , Skjøth Mette Maria , Knudsen Torben , Kjeldsen Jens 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAimTo explore how patients with Inflammatory bowel disease experienced encounters with healthcare professionals in two gastrointestinal outpatient clinics to demonstrate what matters in the communication between patients and healthcare professionals.DesignThis fieldwork study is part of a larger study developing an application for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a framework inspired by Participatory Design. Participatory design consists of three phases and this study focused on the first phase, needs assessment. A phenomenological hermeneutic approach and qualitative methods were applied to obtain an understanding of patients' needs.MethodsThree weeks of participant observations and three focus groups with 14 subjects were conducted at two university hospitals in Denmark. Field notes and interview transcripts were analysed using condensation of meaning and interpreted based on interactional nursing practice theory. The reporting method adhered to the EQUATOR guideline: COREQ.ResultsFour themes emerged: Easy and dependable access to healthcare professionals. Predictability of follow‐up appointments. Importance of privacy during patient exams and Quality of time spent with healthcare professionals.ConclusionEasy, dependable access, privacy, presence and predictability of follow‐up appointments were important to patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Implications for the profession and patient careIn communication with patients with inflammatory bowel disease, healthcare professionals must be aware of privacy and the importance of predictable follow‐up agreements. They must be aware that presence and easy, reliable access positively affect patients' self‐care skills.Patient contributionThis study is part of a larger project based on Participatory design involving patients and healthcare professionals in the development of technology to support communication.
Environmental transcriptomics under heat stress: Can environmental RNA reveal changes in gene expression of aquatic organisms?
Authors: Hechler Robert M. , Yates Matthew C. , Chain Frédéric J. J. , Cristescu Melania E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractTo safeguard biodiversity in a changing climate, taxonomic information about species turnover and insights into the health of organisms are required. Environmental DNA approaches are increasingly used for species identification, but cannot provide functional insights. Transcriptomic methods reveal the physiological states of macroorganisms, but are currently species‐specific and require tissue sampling or animal sacrifice, making community‐wide assessments challenging. Here, we test whether broad functional information (expression level of the transcribed genes) can be harnessed from environmental RNA (eRNA), which includes extra‐organismal RNA from macroorganisms along with whole microorganisms. We exposed Daphnia pulex as well as phytoplankton prey and microorganism colonizers to control (20°C) and heat stress (28°C) conditions for 7 days. We sequenced eRNA from tank water (after complete removal of Daphnia) as well as RNA from Daphnia tissue, enabling comparisons of extra‐organismal and organismal RNA‐based gene expression profiles. Both RNA types detected similar heat stress responses of Daphnia. Using eRNA, we identified 32 Daphnia genes to be differentially expressed following heat stress. Of these, 17 were also differentially expressed and exhibited similar levels of relative expression in organismal RNA. In addition to the extra‐organismal Daphnia response, eRNA detected community‐wide heat stress responses consisting of distinct functional profiles and 121 differentially expressed genes across eight taxa. Our study demonstrates that environmental transcriptomics based on extra‐organismal eRNA can noninvasively reveal gene expression responses of macroorganisms following environmental changes, with broad potential implications for the biomonitoring of health across the trophic chain.
Foraging segregation by sex and age class in the Guadalupe fur seal from Guadalupe Island, Mexico
Authors: Cruz‐Vallejo Romyna A. , Amador‐Capitanachi María José , Norris Tenaya , Hernández‐Camacho Claudia J. , Tripp‐Valdez Arturo , Moncayo‐Estrada Rodrigo , Herguera‐García Juan Carlos , Godard‐Codding Céline , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA proper assessment of the foraging habits of the Guadalupe fur seal (GFS; Arctocephalus townsendi) is a priority to better understand its recovery, in which the potential for intraspecific competition for prey and space resources is expected to lead to segregation. This study aimed to determine the foraging habits of different sex and age classes. A total of 146 GFS fur samples was collected at Guadalupe Island, Mexico (2014–2020) for stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) analysis. Isotopic areas were created (SIBER package in R). Significant isotopic differences were observed between classes. Male (3.6‰2) and female (3.0‰2) juveniles had the largest isotopic areas due to a greater foraging dispersion. Adult females showed the lowest mean δ15N value (16.1‰ ± 0.5‰) due to foraging trips that are mostly performed towards high latitudes. Except for pups, adult and subadult males presented the highest mean δ15N (17.4‰ ± 0.4‰) and δ13C values (−17.0‰ ± 0.8‰) due to a possible higher trophic level and coastal foraging habits, whereas pups presented the highest mean δ15N value (17.6‰ ± 0.3‰) because of lactation, which reflects their mothers δ15N signal plus their own enrichment. Our findings suggest a segregation explained by differences in life history, energy requirements, and a possible strategy to avoid competition.
Maxillary basal arch forms in operated adult patients with cleft lip and palate using root apices: A pilot study
Authors: Kim Yong‐Il , Kim Seong‐Sik , Park Soo‐Byung , Kim Sung‐Hun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose was to identify the maxillary basal arch forms utilizing the root apices and compare the maxillary basal arch form of groups with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and normal group.Materials and MethodsThis study included 30 patients (21.8 ± 3.5 years old) with unilateral CLP (ULCP group) and 30 patients (20.9 ± 2.2 years old) with bilateral CLP (BCLP group). The normal group consisted of 30 non‐cleft patients (21.2 ± 2.3 years old) with normal occlusion. Three‐dimensional (3D) Cartesian coordinates of the root apices of each tooth were determined using cone‐beam computed tomography. The 3D coordinates were projected onto the palatal plane to create the 2D coordinates. Thereafter, the basal arch forms were constructed by the Procrustes superimposition. Finally, For the basal arch form comparisons among groups, the inter‐root widths were measured.ResultsBoth CLP groups had a narrower inter‐root width than the normal group. The BCLP group had significantly narrower premolar and molar widths than the UCLP group (P < .05). Especially, the inter‐first molar width of the UCLP and BCLP groups was 3.7 ± 0.7 (P < .001) and 6.6 ± 0.8 (P < .001) mm smaller than that of the normal group, respectively.ConclusionsWe used the root apices to identify the basal arch forms. The basal arch form of patients with CLP was narrower than that of the normal group. The basal arch form of patients with BCLP was narrower than that of patients with UCLP. Our findings may help clinicians better comprehend basal arch forms in patients with CLP and transverse discrepancies.
Hyperopia in schoolchildren: Investigating the impact on vision and determining appropriate methods for screening
Authors: Hopkins Shelley , Read Scott A. , Cox Rebecca A. , Oduro Bright A. , Strang Niall , Wood Joanne M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionHyperopia is associated with reduced vision and educational outcomes in schoolchildren. This study explored the impact of clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.00 D) on visual function in schoolchildren and compared the ability of different screening tests (alone and in combination) to detect this level of hyperopia.MethodsVision testing including monocular logMAR visual acuity (VA) measured to threshold (distance [DVA], near [NVA] and DVA through a plus lens [+2.50 D]), stereoacuity and cycloplegic autorefraction (tropicamide 1%) were undertaken on 263 schoolchildren (mean age: 11.76 years ± 3.38) in Queensland, Australia. Vision measures were compared between children with clinically significant hyperopia in at least one meridian (≥+2.00 D) and emmetropia/low hyperopia (>0.00 and <+2.00 D). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was performed to identify optimal pass/fail criteria for each test and the diagnostic accuracy of individual and combinations of tests.ResultsThirty‐two children had clinically significant hyperopia and 225 had emmetropia/low hyperopia. DVA and NVA were worse (p < 0.01), while the difference in DVA through a plus lens was less in children with clinically significant hyperopia (p < 0.01). ROC analysis for individual tests resulted in areas under the curve (AUCs) ranging from 0.65 to 0.85. Combining screening tests revealed that failing one or more of the following tests was most effective for detecting hyperopia: DVA, NVA and difference in DVA through a plus lens, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 72% and 81%, respectively.ConclusionSignificant differences in visual function existed between schoolchildren with clinically significant hyperopia and emmetropia/low hyperopia. Combining measures of DVA and NVA and the difference in DVA through a plus lens demonstrated good discriminative ability for detecting clinically significant hyperopia in this population.
Catheter ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, when AVNRT presented as a fetus or infant
Authors: Jimenez Erick , El‐Bokl Amr , Aggarwal Varun , Cortez Daniel 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) does not commonly present during infancy. Although relative safety of catheter ablation of AVNRT has been demonstrated in pediatrics, this procedure is rarely indicated in children <15 kg.MethodsRetrospective review of seven cases of AVNRT that presented in children younger than 1 year of age and required catheter ablation for definitive management. Electrophysiology (EP) study was planned with two or three catheters. Area of ablation determined by voltage mapping, propagation sinus wave collision and slow pathway potential location. Ablation performed with cryothermal energy. No fluoroscopy was used.ResultsPresentation ranged from 36 weeks of gestation to 11 months of age. Two presented in fetal life and two in the neonatal period. The median age of ablation was 20 months (range 17–31 months). The median weight at ablation was 11.4 kg (range 8.9–14.9 kg). Median follow‐up time was 16 months. All had typical AVNRT. The median tachycardia cycle length was 216 ms. 100% successful rate using cryoablation. No complications. No recurrence of tachycardia during the follow‐up period.ConclusionSlow AV nodal pathway cryoablation may be safely performed, with good short and medium‐term outcomes in patients under 15 kg.
Left bundle branch area pacing too far away from the tricuspid annulus may cause pacing induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meyers Michael , Liu Xiaoke 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysiologic pacing through left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has recently been shown to be a very promising alternative for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and to avoid pacing induced cardiomyopathy. However, it is not clear whether the position of LABBP lead may affect the clinical outcomes.Case ReportWe here report a case of likely LBBAP induced worsening heart failure and cardiomyopathy reversed by re‐positioning of the pacing lead towards a more annular position. A 70‐year‐old male with a previous history of non‐ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (ejection fraction 40%) who developed intermittent complete heart block and required permanent ventricular pacing. LBBAP was performed with the lead positioned to a position relatively far away from the tricuspid annulus (3.7 cm), due to difficulty in fixating the lead deep into the septum at a more annular position. One month post procedure, the patient's heart failure symptoms worsened, and his EF decreased to 31% despite good heart failure management. He underwent CRT upgrade with successful revision of the originally implanted LBBAP lead to a more annular position, using a deflectable delivery sheath. This resulted in further narrowing of the paced QRS duration from 135 to 106 ms. Two months post procedure, his heart failure symptoms improved by one functional class, and EF improved to 41% by echocardiogram.ConclusionsLBBAP may be harmful when the lead is placed too far away from the annulus and may cause paced induced cardiomyopathy.
Developing a prediction model of children asthma risk using population‐based family history health records
Authors: Hamad Amani F. , Yan Lin , Jafari Jozani Mohammad , Hu Pingzhao , Delaney Joseph A. , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying children at high risk of developing asthma can facilitate prevention and early management strategies. We developed a prediction model of children's asthma risk using objectively collected population‐based children and parental histories of comorbidities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population‐based cohort study using administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, and included children born from 1974 to 2000 with linkages to ≥1 parent. We identified asthma and prior comorbid condition diagnoses from hospital and outpatient records. We used two machine‐learning models: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression (LR) and random forest (RF) to identify important predictors. The predictors in the base model included children's demographics, allergic conditions, respiratory infections, and parental asthma. Subsequent models included additional multiple comorbidities for children and parents.ResultsThe cohort included 195,666 children: 51.3% were males and 17.7% had asthma diagnosis. The base LR model achieved a low predictive performance with sensitivity of 0.47, 95% confidence interval (0.45–0.48), and specificity of 0.67 (0.66–0.67) using a predicted probability threshold of 0.20. Sensitivity significantly improved when children's comorbidities were included using LASSO LR: 0.71 (0.69–0.72). Predictive performance further improved by including parental comorbidities (sensitivity = 0.72 [0.70–0.73], specificity = 0.69 [0.69–0.70]). We observed similar results for the RF models. Children's menstrual disorders and mood and anxiety disorders, parental lipid metabolism disorders and asthma were among the most important variables that predicted asthma risk.ConclusionIncluding children and parental comorbidities to children's asthma prediction models improves their accuracy.
CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing of 14 lipid metabolic genes reveals a sporopollenin metabolon ZmPKSB‐ZmTKPR1‐1/‐2 required for pollen exine formation in maize
Authors: An Xueli , Zhang Shaowei , Jiang Yilin , Liu Xinze , Fang Chaowei , Wang Jing , Zhao Lina , Hou Quancan , Zhang Juan , Wan Xiangyuan 
Published: October 2023

SummaryLipid biosynthesis and transport are essential for plant male reproduction. Compared with Arabidopsis and rice, relatively fewer maize lipid metabolic genic male‐sterility (GMS) genes have been identified, and the sporopollenin metabolon in maize anther remains unknown. Here, we identified two maize GMS genes, ZmTKPR1‐1 and ZmTKPR1‐2, by CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis of 14 lipid metabolic genes with anther stage‐specific expression patterns. Among them, tkpr1‐1/‐2 double mutants displayed complete male sterility with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen. ZmTKPR1‐1 and ZmTKPR1‐2 encode tetraketide α‐pyrone reductases and have catalytic activities in reducing tetraketide α‐pyrone produced by ZmPKSB (polyketide synthase B). Several conserved catalytic sites (S128/130, Y164/166 and K168/170 in ZmTKPR1‐1/‐2) are essential for their enzymatic activities. Both ZmTKPR1‐1 and ZmTKPR1‐2 are directly activated by ZmMYB84, and their encoded proteins are localized in both the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei. Based on protein structure prediction, molecular docking, site‐directed mutagenesis and biochemical assays, the sporopollenin biosynthetic metabolon ZmPKSB‐ZmTKPR1‐1/‐2 was identified to control pollen exine formation in maize anther. Although ZmTKPR1‐1/‐2 and ZmPKSB formed a protein complex, their mutants showed different, even opposite, defective phenotypes of anther cuticle and pollen exine. Our findings discover new maize GMS genes that can contribute to male‐sterility line‐assisted maize breeding and also provide new insights into the metabolon‐regulated sporopollenin biosynthesis in maize anther.
Nurse and midwife navigator resilience, well‐being, burnout, and turnover intent: A multi‐methods study
Authors: Brown Janie A. , Harvey Clare L. , Byrne Amy‐Louise , Hegney Desley G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractPurposeTo explore levels of Navigator resilience, well‐being, burnout, and turnover intent.DesignA longitudinal, multi‐methods study concurrently collected quantitative and qualitative data over three years.MethodsA survey and Action Learning Groups.FindingsNo statistically significant change in resilience, well‐being, burnout, or turnover intent. Supports, self‐care and leaving the position, were used to maintain well‐being.ConclusionsWhile quantitative measures did not change, qualitative data demonstrated how adaptive coping mechanisms maintain well‐being. Recommendations for nurses working in Navigator, or similar community/public health roles include work‐based programs targeting support, good leadership, governance systems including their impact on turnover intent.Clinical evidenceJob turnover intent can be used as a mechanism to monitor resilience and well‐being.
Uncertainty and risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A latent profile analysis
Authors: Johnson Angela E. , Hua Jacqueline , Hinojosa Bianca , Meese William B. , Gray Avia , Howell Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn the present study, we examine how subgroups of people are characterized by different profiles of uncertainty surrounding COVID‐19, susceptibility, and recovery. Participants (N = 199) were U.S. residents recruited online for a longitudinal study during the summer of 2020. We first, identified groups using latent profile analysis (LPA) and then examined whether these profiles predicted differences in COVID‐related risky and preventative behaviors. LPA identified five distinct profiles of people representing a combination of low and high uncertainty and low, moderate, and high risk perceptions. Results revealed that latent‐profile group membership predicted intention to interact with others outside of the household, intention to engage in non‐essential shopping, intention to attend an in‐person religious gathering, intention to wear a mask in public, and self‐reported physical distancing in the past week. Profile membership did not predict intentions to: dine out, go to the nail/hair salon, go to the gym, nor physically distance from others in the future, nor did it predict handwashing in the past week.