bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of p53 and BCL‐2 expression with Epstein‐Barr virus infection in the cancers of head and neck
Authors: Yang Hui Jun , Cho Young Jun , Kim Hee Sung , Chang Mee Soo , Sung Myung‐Whun , Kim Woo Ho 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundReports that have both evaluated the site‐specific Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection and compared it with the expression of the EBV‐related proto‐oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the various cancers of head and neck are scarce.MethodsThirty‐eight nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases, 32 oropharyngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma (OPC/HPC) cases, and 93 laryngeal carcinoma (LC) cases were evaluated with in situ hybridization on EBV‐encoded small RNA (EBER) and immunohistochemical assessments of the p53, bcl‐2, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by use of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue array slides.ResultsThe expression of viral EBERs was observed in more than two thirds (71.1%) of the NPC cases. In contrast, only 1 case of OPC and none of the HPC or LC cases exhibited EBV positivity. In the nonkeratinizing NPC, the EBV positivity was significantly associated with both frequent p53 overexpression (p = .033) and bcl‐2 expression (p = .001). In the EBV‐positive nonkeratinizing NPC, a correlation between p53 overexpression and the tumor infiltration lymphocyte (TIL) density was noted (p = .012).ConclusionsA site‐specific expression of viral EBER was demonstrated in the head and neck cancers, which suggests an important role for both p53 and bcl‐2 in the carcinogenesis of an EBV‐infected NPC. The correlation between p53 overexpression and the TIL density in the EBV‐infected NPC suggests that the product of a lymphoepithelial interaction, such as A20, can induce a dysfunctional p53 protein. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 629–636, 2001.
Prediction of depression 6 months to 3 years after treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: de Leeuw J. Rob. J. , de Graeff Alexander , Ros Wynand J. G. , Blijham Geert H. , Hordijk Gert‐Jan , Winnubst Jacques A. M. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck cancer and its treatment can have important psychosocial implications. Many patients become depressed. The aim of this prospective study is to examine whether pretreatment variables can be used to predict depression up to 3 years after treatment.MethodsHead and neck cancer patients (n = 197) treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy completed both before and after treatment a questionnaire including items on social support, coping, depressive symptoms, physical functioning, and physical symptoms.ResultsEight pretreatment variables (tumor stage, sex, depressive symptoms, openness to discuss cancer in the family, available appraisal support, received emotional support, tumor‐related symptoms, and size of the informal social network) were used to calculate a risk score to determine which patients were depressed at 6 months to 3 years after treatment (positive predicted value, 58%; negative predicted value, 83%).ConclusionsEight pretreatment variables can be used to predict accurately those head and neck cancer patients who are likely to become depressed up to 3 years after treatment. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 23: 892–898, 2001.
Quantitative and morphological analysis of dentate granule cells with recurrent basal dendrites from normal and epileptic rats
Authors: Dashtipour Khashayar , Yan Xiao‐Xin , Dinh Trinh T. , Okazaki Maxine M. , Nadler J. Victor , Ribak Charles E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractGranule cells with recurrent basal dendrites (RBDs) were previously reported in both control and epileptic rats. RBDs are dendrites that arise from the basal half of granule cell bodies and curve toward and extend into the molecular layer. They are increased in frequency in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. The present study was undertaken to analyze the distribution and morphology of granule cells with RBDs and the synaptic connections of RBDs. Granule cells were labeled by retrograde transport of biocytin. Those with an RBD were found throughout the granule cell layer, but were most numerous at the hilar border. The morphology of these cells varied in the different depths of the granule cell layer; the angle of their cell body's long axis was mainly vertical at the hilar margin, and changed to virtually horizontal close to the molecular layer border. Quantitative data on the distribution of granule cells with RBDs and the angle of the cell body's long axis confirmed these descriptions. At the electron microscopic level, RBDs showed the typical features of dendrites and formed numerous axodendritic and axospinous synapses with labeled and unlabeled axon terminals. These results showed that RBDs of granule cells from epileptic rats are postsynaptic to axon terminals, including mossy fibers, and thus are involved in a similar synaptic circuitry as apical dendrites of granule cells from these animals. Hippocampus 2002;12:235–244. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incorporating rainfall intensity into daily rainfall records for simulating runoff and infiltration into soil profiles
Authors: Mertens J. , Raes D. , Feyen J. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractHydrological modelling often implies the use of rainfall data. Its quality and resolution directly affect the accuracy of the simulation results. This study illustrates that a simple approach of incorporating rainfall intensity information in daily rainfall records significantly improves the simulation of surface runoff and rainfall infiltration into soil profiles. The procedure is developed using a frequency analysis on rainfall data of the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, collected with a resolution of 10 min and for a consecutive period of 61 years. The frequency analysis of the data allowed the incorporation of rainfall intensity information into daily rainfall records. To test the effect of this approach the surface runoff and water flow into three different soil types was simulated using the HYDRUS‐1D model for a typical dry, normal and wet year. The simulation results whereby the observed 10‐min rainfall data was used as input were considered as the reference. Comparative analysis revealed that the simulations using the 10 min rainfall data deducted from the incorporation of rainfall intensity into daily rainfall records, deviate a maximum 1·2% from the reference and produce much better results than the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) runoff curve‐number method because rainfall intensity is considered in the procedure presented. The SCS curve‐number method typical overestimates surface runoff during periods of low rainfall intensity (winter) and underestimate runoff during periods of high rainfall intensities (summer). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal variability of phytoplankton in a salt wedge estuary, the Swan–Canning Estuary, Western Australia
Authors: Thompson Peter A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractThe temporal cycles of variation in salinity, temperature and river flow in the Swan–Canning Estuary plus rainfall in the vicinity are examined. A ‘normal’ pattern is defined for rainfall and river flow based on long‐term median monthly values from available historical data. Long‐term monthly median rainfall and median monthly river flow were highly correlated. Deviations from the ‘normal’ patterns of rainfall and river flow are documented. Three years of detailed data on the temporal distribution of the algal biomass and phytoplankton community composition from the Swan–Canning Estuary are presented and discussed. Significant interannual variability in the phytoplankton biomass was observed with 1996 having a significantly lower median chlorophyll a concentration than 1995 or 1997. Different years also had pronounced differences in the timing, persistence and occurrence of algal blooms. Links with, and between, rainfall, river flow, nutrient concentrations and phytoplankton biomass are made by careful examination of the temporal patterns. Deviations from the proposed ‘normal’ temporal pattern of physical and chemical environmental factors relevant to the growth of phytoplankton biomass are assessed. Deviations from ‘normal’ rainfall and river flow, depending upon their timing and intensity, appear to be associated with occurrence of algal blooms. For example, the lack of a dinoflagellate bloom in December 1996 or January 1997 appears to be associated with a wetter than normal spring. Based upon the observed data, published reports and basic principles of algal ecology a set of predicted responses to variation in the major environmental variables (rainfall and river flow) are tabulated. The tabulated predictions are proposed as a useful tool for resource managers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem scale evapotranspiration and net CO2 exchange from a restored peatland
Authors: Petrone Richard M. , Waddington J. M. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractAn understanding of the symbiotic water and gas exchange processes at the ecosystem scale is essential to the development of appropriate restoration plans of extracted peatlands. This paper presents ecosystem scale measurements of the atmospheric exchange of water and carbon dioxide (CO2) from a restored vacuum extracted peatland in eastern Québec, utilizing full‐scale micrometeorological measurements of both evaporation and CO2. The results indicate that the adopted restoration practices reduce the loss of water from the peat, but CO2 emissions are ∼25% greater than an adjacent nonrestored comparison site. The blockage of drainage ditches and the existence of a mulch cover at the site keep the moisture conditions more or less constant. Consequently, the CO2 flux, which is predominantly soil respiration, is strongly controlled by peat temperature fluctuations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Horton overland flow contribution to runoff on unpaved mountain roads: A case study in northern Thailand
Authors: Ziegler Alan D. , Giambelluca Thomas W. , Sutherland Ross A. , Vana Thomas T. , Nullet Mike A. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractTwo indirect methods are used to detect evidence of intercepted subsurface flow (ISSF) by the road prism in the Pang Khum Experimental Watershed (PKEW) in northern Thailand. During the 12‐month study period we failed to observe a soil moisture change that corresponds with ISSF being generated by the water table rising above the road surface. In support of the soil moisture data, δ18O signatures of rain water, road runoff, and stream water (a proxy for soil water) suggest Horton overland flow (HOF) generated on the road surface, not ISSF, is the dominant source of observed road runoff during typical rainfall events in the study area. This finding, which is contrary to the ISSF‐dominant road runoff regime found typically on unpaved mountain roads in the US Pacific NW, suggests that the use of a HOF‐based model to simulate runoff and sediment transport on unpaved roads in PKEW provides not only lower bound estimates of these processes, but realistic approximations for typical events. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is this still called a dog? 18‐month‐olds' generalization of familiar labels to unusual objects
Authors: Poulin‐Dubois Diane , Sissons Mary E. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn two experiments the flexibility of 18‐month‐olds' extension of familiar object labels was investigated using the intermodal preferential looking paradigm. The first experiment tested whether infants consider intact and incomplete objects as equally acceptable referents for familiar labels. Infants looked equally long at the intact and incomplete objects whether or not a label was presented. In the second experiment, infants were requested to find the referent of a target word among an incomplete target and an intact distracter or an intact target and an incomplete distracter. The incomplete objects were missing a large or small part. Infants looked longer at the incomplete target, even when large or small parts were deleted. Taken together, these findings suggest that infants do not hold a strong shape bias when generalizing familiar words. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term results of neoadjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer
Authors: Calitchi Elie , Kirova Youlia M. , Otmezguine Yves , Feuilhade Frank , Piedbois Youri , Le Bourgeois Jean‐Paul 
Published: August 2002

AbstractOur aim was to determine the long‐term outcome and the possible role of neoadjuvant (preoperative) radiation therapy for breast cancers unsuitable for primary conservative surgery. From 1977 to 1992, 75 unifocal non‐inflammatory and non‐metastatic T2 and T3 breast cancers were treated in our department. All these patients underwent initial radiotherapy, followed by secondary limited surgery. A population of 74 patients, aged from 32 to 82 years (median 56 years), presenting 49 T2 and 26 T3 tumors, was studied. Seventy‐two patients (96%) underwent secondary tumorectomy and three patients (4%) reduction mammaplasty. The secondary tumorectomy was followed by a postoperative boost. There were nine recurrences, treated by mastectomy in eight cases and by tumorectomy in one case. Twenty‐five patients showed secondary dissemination. Forty‐seven patients are still alive and free of disease. The cosmetic results were considered excellent or satisfactory in 71 cases. Under good conditions, preoperative radiotherapy (as well as preoperative chemotherapy) allows the possibility of conservative surgery for cancers of more than 3 cm. The choice between the two modalities depends on the patient's condition and on a precise analysis of all prognostic factors that would justify the need for systemic treatment. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental determination of depth‐scaling factors and central axis depth dose for clinical electron beams
Authors: Huq M. Saiful , Yue N. , Suntharalingam N. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractDepth‐scaling factors ρeff for clear polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) phantoms have been determined experimentally as a function of nominal electron‐beam energy in the range 6 to 22 MeV. Values of ρeff have been calculated from the ratio ρeff = R / R, where R and R are the measured depths of 50% ionization in electron solid water and plastic (clear polystyrene and PMMA) phantoms, respectively. Measurements were made using an Attix chamber in an electron solid water phantom, a Holt chamber in a clear polystyrene phantom, and a Markus chamber in a PMMA phantom. The average value of measured ρ was found to be 0.999 ± 0.009. This is higher than the value of 0.975 recommended by Task Group 25 (TG‐25) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) by 2.5%. Depending on energy, the maximum differences between the AAPM TG‐25‐recommended and the measured values lie in the range 1% to 3.5%. Similarly, the average value of measured ρ was found to be 1.168 ± 0.023. This is higher than the AAPM TG‐25‐recommended value of 1.115, by 5%. Depending on energy, the maximum differences between the AAPM TG‐25‐recommended and the measured values lie in the range 3% to 8%. Central axis depth dose curves in water were generated for 6, 15, and 20 MeV electron beams from measured depth‐ionization data in PMMA and clear polystyrene phantoms following the recommendations of the AAPM TG‐25 report and using both TG‐25‐recommended and experimentally determined values of depth‐scaling factors ρeff. For both phantoms, either the TG‐25‐recommended value or the experimentally determined values of ρeff yielded agreement to within about 2 mm among all depth doses in water at the depths of clinical relevance. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
OVCA2 is downregulated and degraded during retinoid‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Prowse Amanda H. , Vanderveer Lisa , Milling Simon W.F. , Pan Zhong‐Zong , Dunbrack Roland L. , Xu Xiang‐Xi , Godwin Andrew K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractRetinoids, the natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have been shown to regulate the growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types and consequently have enormous potential as chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously identified 2 genes, termed OVCA1 and OVCA2, which are located in a small region showing a high frequency of allelic loss in breast and ovarian tumors and share a common exon. Recent studies have suggested that expression of OVCA1 may be influenced by retinoids. Therefore, we analyzed the expression of OVCA1 and OVCA2 in cells in response to treatment with all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) and N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR), or under conditions of low serum and confluence, to determine further the roles of OVCA1 and OVCA2 in cell growth, apoptosis and differentiation. We show that OVCA2 mRNA and protein are ubiquitously expressed and that they are downregulated in the lung cancer cell line Calu‐6 after treatment with RA and 4HPR. In addition, we observed that OVCA2 protein is proteolytically degraded in response to RA and 4HPR treatment in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner in the promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60. In contrast, expression of the candidate tumor suppressor OVCA1 was not downregulated by these treatments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that OVCA2 is evolutionarily conserved and shows regional homology with dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs), specifically with hydrolase folds found in α‐β hydrolases. Our results are in contrast to a previous report and show that OVCA2, not OVCA1 mRNA and protein, is downregulated in response to RA and 4HPR. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Management of benign cranial nonacoustic schwannomas by fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Zabel Angelika , Debus Jürgen , Thilmann Christoph , Schlegel Wolfgang , Wannenmacher Michael 
Published: August 2002

AbstractSchwannomas are the most common tumors of cranial nerves. Nonacoustic schwannomas are very rare tumors, accounting for approximately 10% of intracranial schwannomas. Standard treatment is complete surgical resection if possible. The role of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy remains to be defined. Thirteen patients with cranial nonacoustic schwannomas underwent fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Seven patients had trigeminal schwannomas, three schwannomas of the lower cranial nerves, and three located in the cerebellopontine angle without involvement of the acoustic nerve. Treatment included primary or adjuvant radiotherapy in progressive disease. Tumor volume ranged from 4.5 to 76.0 cc (median 19.8 cc). Median dose was 57.6 Gy with 1.8 Gy/fraction. Median follow‐up was 33 months (range 13–70 months). Local tumor control rate was 100% (13/13). Tumor size remained stable in nine patients and decreased in four. Improvement of preexisting neurological deficits was seen in four cases. No patient developed new cranial nerve or brain stem deficits. No patient showed clinically significant complications of irradiation. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is an effective and well‐tolerated noninvasive treatment for cranial nonacoustic schwannomas with excellent tumor control rates. It is an option for patients at higher risk for microsurgical resection or in residual and recurrent tumors. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of interleukin‐15 in vivo enhances antitumor activity against mhc class I‐negative and ‐positive malignant melanoma through augmented NK activity and cytotoxic T‐cell response
Authors: Yajima Toshiki , Nishimura Hitoshi , Wajjwalku Worawidh , Harada Mamoru , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: August 2002

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐15, a pleiotropic cytokine, is involved in the development and maintenance of NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells. We examined the effects of in vivo overexpression of IL‐15 on protection against 2 types of murine B16 melanoma lines, MHC class I‐negative B16.44 and MHC class I‐positive B16F10 cells, using IL‐15 transgenic (Tg) mice that we have recently constructed. The tumor growth was severely retarded in IL‐15 Tg mice after subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation with B16.44 or B16F10 cells. IL‐15 Tg mice showed an augmented NK cell activity against B16.44 cells, and in vivo depletion of NK cells by anti‐asialoGM1 Ab treatment abrogated the antitumor activity in IL‐15 Tg mice. On the other hand, IL‐15 Tg mice inoculated with B16F10 cells developed a significant level of CTL response against B16F10 cells, and in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells by anti‐CD8 MAb treatment abrogated the antitumor activity. Thus, overexpression of IL‐15 augmented antitumor activity against different tumors via augmentation of different antitumor mechanisms. These results suggest a possible therapeutic application of IL‐15 for human neoplasms expressing a wide range of MHC class molecules. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapidly rising breast cancer incidence rates among Asian‐American women
Authors: Deapen Dennis , Liu Lihua , Perkins Carin , Bernstein Leslie , Ross Ronald K. 
Published: August 2002

AbstractIn recent years, breast cancer incidence rates have fluctuated over relatively short time spans; examination of these patterns can provide etiologic clues and direction for prevention programs. Asian‐American women are generally considered to be at lower risk of breast cancer than other ethnic groups. However, their rates are typically based on an aggregation of ethnic Asian populations, which may obscure important ethnic differences in risk. Detailed analyses of the trends in ethnic‐specific incidence rates will provide more information than when ethnicities are combined. Los Angeles County, California, the most populous and probably the most ethnically diverse county in the United States, has a large multi‐ethnic Asian‐American population. Trends in invasive female breast cancer incidence were examined using data from the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, the population‐based cancer registry covering the County. Athough overall breast cancer incidence rates remained stable in the late 1980s and early 1990s, data for the most recent 5‐year period suggest that incidence may again be increasing for Asian‐American and non‐Hispanic white women over age 50 (estimated annual percent change = 6.3%, p < 0.05 and 1.5%, p < 0.05, respectively), although little change has occurred among black and Hispanic women. Invasive breast cancer incidence rates for Asian‐American ethnic groups are heterogeneous and, for most, are increasing. In Los Angeles County, rates for Japanese‐American women have increased rapidly since 1988 and are now approaching rates for non‐Hispanic white women. Rates among Filipinas, who have historically had higher rates than their other Asian‐American counterparts, are not increasing as rapidly as rates for Japanese women, but remain relatively high. Breast cancer risk among women of Japanese and Filipino ancestry is twice that of Chinese and Korean women. Asian women, who commonly have low breast cancer rates in their native countries, typically experience increasing breast cancer incidence after immigrating to the United States. Ethnic‐specific incidence rates show that Japanese‐Americans, the first Asian population to immigrate to Los Angeles County in large numbers and the most acculturated, have experienced a rapid increase in breast cancer incidence. Japanese‐American rates in Los Angeles County may have already surpassed those of non‐Hispanic whites if recent trends have continued unabated. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.