bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF MEDICAID HOME- AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES IN USE OF MEDICARE POST–ACUTE CARE
Authors: Konetzka R Tamara , Wang Sijiu 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Medicaid-funded long-term services and supports are increasingly provided through home and community-based services (HCBS) to promote continued community living. While an emerging body of evidence examines the direct benefits and costs of HCBS, there may also be unexplored synergies with Medicare-funded post-acute care (PAC). This study aims to provide empirical evidence on how the use of Medicaid HCBS influences Medicare PAC utilization among the dually enrolled. Using national Medicare claims, Medicaid claims (TAF), MDS, and OASIS data from 2014 to 2017, we estimated the relationship between prior Medicaid HCBS use and PAC utilization in a national sample of duals with qualifying index hospitalizations. We used inverse probability weights to create balanced samples on observed characteristics and estimated multivariable regression with hospital fixed effects and extensive controls. We also conducted stratified analyses for key subgroups and tested for interactions between HCBS use and three measures of states’ HCBS generosity. We found HCBS use was associated with a 5.2 percentage-point increase in use of any Medicare-funded PAC, a 7.2 percentage-point increase in home health use, a 2.1 percentage-point decrease in institutional PAC, and a 1.95-day reduction of skilled nursing facility length of stay. In other words, use of Medicaid-funded HCBS was associated with a shift in Medicare-funded PAC use toward home-based settings. These findings were stronger in states with more generous HCBS funding. As we found that use of Medicaid-funded HCBS may alter choices about Medicare-funded PAC use, this synergy with HCBS should be considered by policymakers when contemplating further HCBS expansions.
HOSPITALIZATIONS OF OLDER INCARCERATED ADULTS: HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
Authors: Kaiksow Farah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
By 2030, over one-third of the US prison population will be ≥55 years old. In addition to their biological age, incarcerated patients are at increased risk of geriatric conditions due to accelerated aging. As these individuals age, so will their need for community hospitalizations, which already account for 20% ($1.5 billion annually) of state correctional health spending. To date, there has been very limited data on these hospitalizations. This descriptive study provides the largest amount of information yet, comparing 10 years of data on male incarcerated patients (N=4,401 admissions) to a cohort of nonincarcerated males (N=22,150) from a tertiary care center. Incarcerated patients were more likely to be ≤55 than non-incarcerated (53.9% vs. 20.7%) and have shorter lengths of stay (4.7 vs. 5.8 days). The most common diagnosis for both groups was cardiac-related (ICD-10 Chapter 9), while mental health diagnoses (ICD-10 Chapter 5) were the second most common for incarcerated patients but not in the top five for non-incarcerated. Incarcerated patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, with incarcerated patients having higher scores beginning at age 50 than non-incarcerated ≥80. Surprisingly, the one-year mortality rate for incarcerated patients was almost half that for non-incarcerated (56/1,000 vs. 101/1,000); one possible explanation for this disparity is that the community health system data on incarcerated patients may be incomplete. This study supports the theory of accelerated aging among incarcerated individuals and highlights the need for improved data on which to base policy changes to improve the care of this vulnerable population.
LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS PREDICTS NEGATIVE PREFERENCES FOR PALLIATIVE CARE
Authors: Nowels Molly , Kozlov Elissa , Nowels David , Duberstein Paul 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
With an aging US population, more people than ever live with serious illnesses. Although palliative care (PC) can improve outcomes in serious illness, there are inequities in PC utilization. People with low socioeconomic status (SES), men, and Black and Hispanic people are less likely to receive and benefit from PC services. Despite these established demographic differences in PC utilization, there is a dearth of relevant survey research on preferences for PC in the general population. To address this gap, we surveyed a random sample of 1,500 NJ adults. Respondents were given a brief definition of PC and asked to indicate how likely they would be to schedule, attend, and routinely attend PC visit(s) if they were diagnosed with a serious illness. Predictors included in logistic regression modeling were SES indicators (income, educational attainment, insurance status, employment status), gender, and race/ethnicity. Data were weighted to be representative of the population of NJ. Modeling results revealed that lower income and lower educational attainment were associated with significantly lower odds of endorsing willingness to schedule, attend, and routinely attend PC visits in the event that one would become seriously ill. Unexpectedly, there were no gender or race/ethnicity differences in preferences for PC. These findings highlight the importance of public health education for what PC is and its benefits for an aging population, especially among those with lower SES. Future research efforts are needed to understand discrepancies in reported PC preferences versus real-world PC utilization for men and Black and Hispanic individuals.
Sounds of Difference: A Typology of Reactions of People With Dementia to Individualized Music in the Presence of a Monitoring Person
Authors: Töpfer Nils F , Schön Lisa , Jakob Elisabeth , Hillebrand Mareike C , Reichertz Jo , Rother Doreen , Weise Lisette , Wilz Gabriele 
Published: December 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Despite promising effects of individualized music listening (IML) for people with dementia, the individualized nature and heterogeneity of reactions to IML remain underexplored. We aimed to develop an empirically derived typology of directly observed reactions of people with dementia to IML and propose recommendations for tailoring the intervention to the respective types.

Research Design and Methods
An ideal-type analysis was conducted on 108 video recordings of 45 people with mainly severe dementia (78% female, mean age of 83.02 years, all White participants) listening to recorded individualized music. Dimensions were identified for capturing similarities and differences between types.

Results
The analysis yielded 10 types of reactions (“expressing and sharing joy,” “self-disclosure stimulated by music,” “concentrated, absorbed listening,” “blissful enjoyment,” “experience of the music as bittersweet,” “sharing memories,” “releasing tension,” “tensing up and rejecting,” “predominant search for social exchange,” “no interpretable reaction”) and 3 dimensions (“valence” from negative to positive, “arousal” from calm to activated, “communicative activity” from defensive/resistant to proactive), resulting in a three-dimensional coordinate system, providing a holistic representation and facilitating a systematic contrast of identified reaction types to IML.

Discussion and Implications
Reactions to IML were influenced by the interaction with the project staff, who monitored the sessions. Based on these observations, we propose recommendations for tailoring both the behavior of the monitoring person (e.g., engaging in synchronous activities like clapping along) and the setup of the intervention (e.g., communal vs individual listening) to each type, which may improve the effects of IML.
Endovascular treatment of a ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm and its complications in an 8-year-old child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI
Authors: Kahraman Ümit , Akhundova Mahsati , Çınar Celal , Ertugay Serkan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The procollagen-lysine, 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1 (PLOD1) gene may affect arterial integrity through enzymatic roles and the modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We present a complicated vascular case of an 8-year-old male child with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. The patient was diagnosed with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. Endovascular treatment was performed using a covered self-expandable endograft. However, complications arose at the vascular access sites during the procedure, highlighting arterial fragility. PLOD1 mutations can be associated with false abdominal aortic aneurysms or arterial fragility. Open repair poses a high risk for patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Although the long-term results are unknown, endovascular stent grafts may be a suitable option for emergency clinical scenarios such as ruptured abdominal aortic pseudoaneurysms.
Antimicrobial Metaphylaxis and its Impact on Health, Performance, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Contextual Antimicrobial Use in High-Risk Beef Stocker Calves
Authors: Credille Brent , Berghaus Roy D , Jane Miller Ella , Credille Allison , Schrag Nora F D , Naikare Hemant 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The objective of this blinded, cluster-randomized, complete block trial was to evaluate the impact of metaphylaxis on health, performance, antimicrobial resistance, and contextual antimicrobial use (AMU) in high-risk beef stocker calves. Calves (n = 155) were randomly assigned to receive either saline or tulathromycin at the time of arrival processing. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each calf at arrival and 14 d later. Calves were monitored for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for 42 d. Body weights were obtained at arrival, days 14, 28, and 42. Contextual antimicrobial use (AMU) was calculated using dose and mass-based metrics. Calves given tulathromycin had a greater average daily gain (0.96 ± 0.07 kg vs. 0.82 ± 0.07 kg; P = 0.034) and lower prevalence of BRD than controls (17% vs. 40%; P = 0.008). Proportions of calves with BRD pathogens identified at arrival were similar between treatment groups [17%; P = 0.94]. Proportions of calves with BRD pathogens identified at day 14 were lower for calves receiving tulathromycin compared to controls (15% vs. 60%, P &lt; 0.001). Overall, 81% of Pastuerella multocida isolates and 47% of Mannheimia haemolytica isolates were pansusceptible. When measured as regimens per head in, AMU in calves receiving tulathromycin was higher than calves receiving saline (P = 0.01). Under the conditions of this study, metaphylaxis had positive impacts on the health and performance of high-risk beef stocker calves, did not contribute to the selection of resistant bacterial isolates in the nasopharynx of treated cattle, and increased AMU.
Mindfulness, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Among Jordanian Burn Patients
Authors: Al-Ghabeesh Suhair Hussni , Mahmoud Mohannad , Rayan Ahmad , Alnaeem Mohammad , Algunmeeyn Abdullah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Burn is associated with psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. Social support and mindfulness are considered a strength source for postburn survivors to resume their daily living activities. There is a lack of literature that supported the direct impact of mindfulness on social support and psychological distress among burn survivors. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of mindfulness and social support in enhancing the psychological well-being of burn survivors in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive design and convenience sampling technique were utilized to meet the study goal. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by a sample of 212 burn survivors. The questionnaire consists of 3 tools to measure psychological distress, social support, and mindfulness. A significant correlation was found between social support and psychological distress among the Jordanian burn survivors. Mindfulness revealed a distinctive variance in psychological distress among the study participants. In addition, some sociodemographic and clinical data have a relationship with psychological distress. Several factors among burn survivors have influenced their psychological and social support status. Also, mindfulness is important for enhancing psychological well-being and affecting the social support among burn patients.
Insights Into Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Effects of Dietary Fatty Acid Intake With a Focus on Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Using Preclinical Models
Authors: Smyth Matthew , Lunken Genelle , Jacobson Kevan 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
While the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been linked to genetic susceptibility coupled with environmental factors, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Among the environmental factors, diet and the gut microbiota have been implicated as drivers of immune dysregulation in IBD. Indeed, epidemiologic studies have highlighted that the increase in incidence of IBD parallels the increase in dietary intake of omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and the change in balance of intake of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids. Experimental evidence suggests that the increase in n-6 PUFA intake increases cell membrane arachidonic acid, which is accompanied by the production of pro-inflammatory mediators as well as increased oxidative stress; together, this contributes to the development of chronic inflammation. However, it is also increasingly clear that some of the n-6 PUFA-derived mediators exert beneficial effects depending on the settings and timing of ingestion. In contrast to n-6, when n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are incorporated into the cell membrane and are metabolized into less pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, as well as strong specialized pro-resolving mediators, which play a role in inflammation cessation. With a focus on preclinical models, we explore the relationship between dietary lipid, the gut microbiome, and intestinal inflammation.
Passerine sister clade comparisons reveal variable macroevolutionary outcomes of interhemispheric dispersal
Authors: Imfeld Tyler S , Barker F Keith 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dispersal events offer a unique window into macroevolutionary processes, especially with respect to the effects of competition on diversification. Empirical studies testing alternative predictions of competitive effects are often limited in either geographic or phylogenetic scale. Here, we tested some of these hypotheses by comparing an assemblage of 16 oscine passerine clades, representing independent dispersal events into the Western Hemisphere, to their sister clades in the Eastern Hemisphere. We also compared the diversity of this assemblage of clades to an older, incumbent passerine clade in the Western Hemisphere, the suboscines. Specifically, we tested for ecological opportunity and incumbency-mediated constraints by analysis of clade-specific morphological disparities and rates of evolution relative to dispersal history. While there was no consistent outcome of oscine dispersal and macroevolution in the Western Hemisphere relative to their Eastern Hemisphere sister groups, most clades supported a role for ecological opportunity or incumbency effects, and such effects were better explained by differences in species accumulation than by differences in rates of trait evolution or colonization timing. This general pattern was not evident when comparing the entire oscine assemblage of the Western Hemisphere to the incumbent suboscine radiation; oscines and suboscines occupy comparable regions of functional trait diversity and, despite higher rates of trait evolution in oscines, these observations were consistent with simulated null expectations. This result suggests that oscine and suboscine assemblages may have evolved in relative isolation for a significant fraction of their history.
Parallel shifts in flight-height associated with altitude across incipient Heliconius species
Authors: Rivas-Sánchez David F , Gantiva-Q Carlos H , Pardo-Díaz Carolina , Salazar Camilo , Montgomery Stephen H , Merrill Richard M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Vertical gradients in microclimate, resource availability, and interspecific interactions are thought to underly stratification patterns in tropical insect communities. However, only a few studies have explored the adaptive significance of vertical space use during the early stages of reproductive isolation. We analysed flight-height variation across speciation events in Heliconius butterflies, representing parallel colonizations of high-altitude forest. We measured flight-height in wild H. erato venus and H. chestertonii, parapatric lowland and mountain specialists, respectively, and found that H. chestertonii consistently flies at a lower height. By comparing our data to previously published results for the ecologically equivalent H. e. cyrbia (lowland) and H. himera (high altitude), we found that the species flying closest to the ground are those that recently colonized high-altitude forests. We show that these repeated trends largely result from shared patterns of ecological selection producing parallel trait-shifts in H. himera and H. chestertonii. Although our results imply a signature of local adaptation, we did not find an association between resource distribution and flight-height in H. e. venus and H. chestertonii. We discuss how this pattern may be explained by variations in forest structure and microclimate. Overall, our findings underscore the importance of behavioural adjustments during early divergence mediated by altitude-shifts.
Evolution of chemosensory genes in Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Cohen Zachary , Crossley Michael S , Mitchell Robert F , Engsontia Patamarerk , Chen Yolanda H , Schoville Sean D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Associating with plant hosts is thought to have elevated the diversification of insect herbivores, which comprise the majority of global species diversity. In particular, there is considerable interest in understanding the genetic changes that allow host-plant shifts to occur in pest insects and in determining what aspects of functional genomic diversity impact host-plant breadth. Insect chemoreceptors play a central role in mediating insect–plant interactions, as they directly influence plant detection and sensory stimuli during feeding. Although chemosensory genes evolve rapidly, it is unclear how they evolve in response to host shifts and host specialization. We investigate whether selection at chemosensory genes is linked to host-plant expansion from the buffalo burr, Solanum rostratum, to potato, Solanum tuberosum, in the super-pest Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). First, to refine our knowledge of CPB chemosensory genes, we developed novel gene expression data for the antennae and maxillary-labial palps. We then examine patterns of selection at these loci within CPB, as well as compare whether rates of selection vary with respect to 9 closely related, non-pest Leptinotarsa species that vary in diet breadth. We find that rates of positive selection on olfactory receptors are higher in host-plant generalists, and this signal is particularly strong in CPB. These results provide strong candidates for further research on the genetic basis of variation in insect chemosensory performance and novel targets for pest control of a notorious super-pest.
Offspring overcome poor parenting by being better parents
Authors: Potticary Ahva L , Cunningham Christopher B , Moore Allen J 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The evolutionary repercussions of parental effects—the impact of the developmental environment provided by parents on offspring—are often discussed as static effects that can have negative influences on offspring fitness that may even persist across generations. However, individuals are not passive recipients and may mitigate the persistence of parental effects through their behaviour. Here, we tested how the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, a species with complex parental care, responded to poor parenting. We cross-fostered young and manipulated the duration of parental care received and measured the impact on traits of both F1 and F2 offspring to experimentally extricate the effect of poor parenting from other parental effects. As expected, reducing parental care negatively affected traits that are ecologically important for burying beetles, including F1 offspring development time and body size. However, F1 parents that received reduced care as larvae spent more time feeding F2 offspring than parents that received full care as larvae. As a result, both the number and mass of F2 offspring were unaffected by the developmental experience of their parents. Our results show that flexible parental care may be able to overcome poor developmental environments and limit negative parental effects to a single generation.
Modelling evolutionary tempo and mode using formal morphological spaces and Markov chain principles
Authors: Fontanarrosa Gabriela , Abdala Virginia , Dos Santos Daniel Andrés 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Evolutionary tempo and mode summarize ancient and controversial subjects of theoretical biology such as gradualism, convergence, contingence, trends, and entrenchment. We employed an integrative methodological approach to explore the evolutionary tempo and mode of Lepidosaurian phalangeal formulae (PFs). This approach involves quantifying the frequencies of morphological changes along an evolutionary trajectory. The five meristic characters encoded by PFs are particularly valuable in revealing evolutionary patterns, owing to their discrete nature and extensive documentation in the literature. Based on a pre-existing dataset of PFs from 649 taxa (35 Lepidosauria families, including fossils), from which there exists a unique repertoire of 53 formulations, our approach simultaneously considers phenetic and phylogenetic data. This culminates in a diagram accounting for the phylogenetic dynamic of evolution traversing across different regions of morphospace. The method involves enumerating phenotypical options, reconstructing phenotypes across the phylogeny, projecting phenotypes onto a morphospace, and constructing a flow network from the frequency of evolutionary transitions between unique phenotypic conditions. This approach links Markovian chains and evolutionary trajectories to formally define parameters that describe the underlying transitions of morphological change. Among other results, we found that (a) PF evolution exhibits a clear trend towards reduction in the phalangeal count and that (b) evolutionary change tends to occur significantly between morphologically similar PFs. Notwithstanding, although minor but not trivial, transitions between distant formulas -jumps- occur. Our results support a pluralistic view including stasis, gradualism, and saltationism discriminating their prevalence in a target character evolution.