bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncoupling protein and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: JIN Xi , XIANG Zun , CHEN Yi-peng , MA Kui-fen , YE Yue-fang , LI You-ming 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To review the current advances on the role of uncoupling protein (UCP) in the pathogenesis and progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Data sources
A comprehensive search of the PubMed literature without restriction on the publication date was carried out using keywords such as UCP and NAFLD.

Study selection
Articles containing information related to NAFLD and UCP were selected and carefully analyzed.

Results
The typical concepts, up-to-date findings, and existing controversies of UCP2 in NAFLD were summarized. Besides, the effect of a novel subtype of UCP (hepatocellular down regulated mitochondrial carrier protein, HDMCP) in NAFLD was also analyzed. Finally, the concept that any mitochondrial inner membrane carrier protein may have, more or less, the uncoupling ability was reinforced.

Conclusions
Considering the importance of NAFLD in clinics and UCP in energy metabolism, we believe that this review may raise research enthusiasm on the effect of UCP in NAFLD and provide a novel mechanism and therapeutic target for NAFLD.
Neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction in patients with Cushing's disease
Authors: CHEN Yu-fan , LI Yun-feng , CHEN Xiao , SUN Qing-fang 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To review the main neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive deficits in patients with Cushing's disease (CD) and the associated pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CD. These mechanistic details may provide recommendations for preventing or treating the cognitive impairments and mood disorders in patients with CD.

Data sources
Data were obtained from papers on psychiatric and cognitive complications in CD published in English within the last 20 years. To perform the PubMed literature search, the following keywords were input: cushing's disease, cognitive, hippocampal, or glucocorticoids.

Study selection
Studies were selected if they contained data relevant to the topic addressed in the particular section. Because of the limited length of this article, we have frequently referenced recent reviews that contain a comprehensive amalgamation of literature rather than the actual source papers.

Results
Patients with active CD not only suffer from many characteristic clinical features, but also show some neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive impairments. Among the psychiatric manifestations, the common ones are emotional instability, depressive disorder, anxious symptoms, impulsivity, and cognitive impairment. Irreversible effects of previous glucocorticoid (GC) excess on the central nervous system, such as hippocampal and the basal ganglia, is the most reasonable reason. Excess secretion of cortisol brings much structural and functional changes in hippocampal, such as changes in neurogenesis and morphology, signaling pathway, gene expression, and glutamate accumulation. Hippocampal volume loss can be found in most patients with CD, and decreased glucose utilization caused by GCs may lead to brain atrophy, neurogenesis impairment, inhibition of long-term potentiation, and decreased neurotrophic factors; these may also explain the mechanisms of GC-induced brain atrophy and hippocampal changes.

Conclusions
Brain atrophy and hippocampal changes caused by excess secretion of cortisol are thought to play a significant pathophysiological role in the etiology of changes in cognitive function and psychiatric disturbances. The exact mechanisms by which GCs induce hippocampal volume loss are not very clear till now. So, further investigations into the mechanisms by which GCs affect the brain and the effective coping strategy are essential.
Muscle mass loss and intermuscular lipid accumulation were associated with insulin resistance in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: WANG Hui-ling , DING Ting-ting , LU Shi , XU Ye , TIAN Jun , HU Wei-feng , ZHANG Jin-yuan 
Published: January 2024

Background
An accelerated muscle wasting was the pivotal factor for protein-energy wasting in end stage renal disease. However, very few researches have examined the skeletal muscle quantity and quality in clinical patients. This study investigated the muscle morphologic changes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and analyzed the related factors in hemodialysis patients.

Methods
Fifty-eight patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (HD) were investigated and 28 healthy adults with gender and age matched were used as controls (Control). Anthropometry, cytokine factors, and laboratory data were measured. The muscle and intermuscular adipose tissues (IMAT) were analyzed via a Thigh MRI. The bicep samples were observed after HE staining. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was measured and their association with muscle wasting was analyzed.

Results
HD patients tended to have a lower protein diet, anthropometry data, and serum albumin, but the C reactive protein and interleukin-6 increased significantly. The MRI showed that HD patients had less muscle mass and a lower muscle/total ratio, but the fat/muscle and IMAT was higher when compared to the Control group. The muscle fiber showed atrophy and fat accumulation in the biceps samples come from the HD patients. Moreover, we found that the HD patients presented with a high level of plasma fasting insulin and increased HOMA-IR which negatively correlated with the muscle/total ratio, but positively with the fat/muscle ratio.

Conclusions
Muscle wasting presented early before an obvious malnutrition condition emerged in HD patients. The main morphological change was muscle atrophy along with intermuscular lipid accumulation. Insulin resistance was associated with muscle wasting in dialysis patients.
Insulin enhances apoptosis induced by cisplatin in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma EC9706 cells related to inhibition of autophagy
Authors: Yang Yang , Wen Fengbiao , Dang Lifeng , Fan Yuxia , Liu Donglei , Wu Kai , Zhao Song 
Published: January 2024

Background
Chemoresistance is common among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We investigated the effect and mechanism of insulin on enhancing anticancer functions of cisplatin in human esophageal cancer cell line EC9706.

Methods
The viability of EC9706 cells exposed to cisplatin was assessed using MTT assay. The times T1, when the number of living cells reached a plateau and T2, when the number of living cells reached a new plateau after the addition of insulin were found. T1 and T2 plateau cells were stained by Annexin V-FITC/PI and monodansylcadaverin (MDC). Fluorescent microscopy was used to observe the expression of apoptosis and autophagy intuitively. Apoptotic ratio and fluorescent intensity were analysed by flow cytometry (FCM) quantitatively. Western blotting analysis was used to estimate the protein expression levels of AKT, mTOR, PI3K, PTEN, autophage related indicator LC3-II and autophage related protein Beclin1 changes that occurred in the course of treatment.

Results
A larger number of typical autophagosomes were detected in EC9706 cells exposed to cisplatin. Insulin can increase the apoptosis induced by cisplatin. Apoptotic ratio of T1 plateau cells ((32.6±4.3)%) is significantly less than T2 plateau ((47.5±5.6)%). MDC fluorescent intensity at T1 plateau (104.9±13.2) was significantly higher than intensity at T2 plateau (82.6±10.3). After cotreatment with insulin, the expression level of LC3-II, Beclin1 and PTEN in T2 plateau cells were significantly downregulated, but AKT, mTOR and PI3K expressions significantly upregulated compared with T1 plateau.

Conclusions
Insulin could enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma EC9706 cells related to inhibition of autophagy. The activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway induced by insulin resulted in the suppression of autophagy in EC9706 cells, which may be attributed to the anticancer effects of cisplatin.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound prompts tissue-engineered bone formation after implantation surgery
Authors: Wang Juyong , Wang Juqiang , Asou Yoshinori , Paul Fu , Shen Huiliang , Chen Jiani , Sotome Shinichi , Liu Zhao , Shinomiya Kenichi 
Published: January 2024

Background
A practical problem impeding clinical translation is the limited bone formation seen in artificial bone grafts. Low-pressure/vacuum seeding and dynamic culturing in bioreactors have led to a greater penetration into the scaffolds, enhanced production of bone marrow cells, and improved tissue-engineered bone formation. The goal of this study was to promote more extensive bone formation in the composites of porous ceramics and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs).

Methods
BMSCs/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composites were subcultured for 2 weeks and then subcutaneously implanted into syngeneic rats that were split into a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) treatment group and a control group. These implants were harvested at 5, 10, 25, and 50 days after implantation. The samples were then biomechanically tested and analyzed for alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity and osteocalcin (OCN) content and were also observed by light microscopy.

Results
The levels of ALP activity and OCN content in the composites were significantly higher in the LIPUS group than in the control group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a greater degree of soft tissue repair, increased blood flow, better angiogenesis, and more extensive bone formation in the LIPUS groups than in the controls. No significant difference in the compressive strength was found between the two groups.

Conclusion
LIPUS treatment appears to enhance bone formation and angiogenesis in the BMSCs/β-TCP composites.

Chin Med J 2014;127 (4): 669-674
A phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus S-1 as a first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer
Authors: YANG Lin , SONG Yan , ZHOU Ai-ping , QIN Qiong , CHI Yihebali , HUANG Jing , WANG Jin-wan 
Published: January 2024

Background
Palliative chemotherapy has been shown to have a survival benefit for patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer. We conducted a Phase II trial to determine the efficacy and safety of S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX regimen) as first-line chemotherapy for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer.

Methods
Eligible patients had measurable lesions and no previous history of chemotherapy (except adjuvant chemotherapy). Oxaliplatin was administered intravenously at a dose of 130 mg/m2 on day 1. S-1 was administered orally in doses of 80, 100, or 120 mg/d according to body surface areas of <1.25 m2, 1.25–1.5 m2, or >1.5 m2 respectively; the total dose was divided into two daily doses on days 1–14. Treatments were repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity occurred.

Results
Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study. All were assessable for efficacy and adverse events. The objective response and disease control rates were 55.8% and 76.7% respectively. The median follow-up time was 16.5 months. The median progression-free survival time was 7 months (95% CI, 5.8–8.2 months) and the median overall survival time was 16.5 months (95% CI, 9.7–23.3 months). The one-year survival rate was 54.2%. Major adverse reactions were grade 3/4 neutropenia (9.3%) and thrombocytopenia (20.9%).

Conclusion
The SOX regimen with oxaliplatin at a dose of 130 mg/m2 was found to be effective and safe as a first-line chemotherapy in Chinese patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Association between high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in a community based population
Authors: Xu Ruyi , Ye Ping , Luo Leiming , Sheng Li , Wu Hongmei , Xiao Wenkai , Zheng Jin , Wang Fan , Xiao Tiehui 
Published: January 2024

Background
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) are excellent biomarkers for detecting heart failure and subclinical myocardial injury. However, it remains unclear whether subclinical myocardial injury is associated with NT-proBNP elevation in a community based population.

Methods
In a community based study, levels of hs-cTnT and of NT-proBNP were determined in 1 497 participants older than 45 years. The lower detection limit of the hs-cTnT assay used in the present study was 0.003 ng/ml. The association of hs-cTnT levels and NT-proBNP levels was analyzed.

Results
When the subjects with undetectable (<0.003 ng/ml), intermediate (0.003-0.014 ng/ml), and elevated (≥0.014 ng/ml) levels of hs-cTnT were compared (r=0.175, P <0.001), a strong association between the hs-cTnT levels and NT-proBNP levels was observed (β=-0.206, P <0.001; β=-0.118, P <0.001, respectively). In multivariable analyses, older age and hs-cTnT were positively and independently associated with NT-proBNP levels (β=0.341, P <0.001; β=0.143, P <0.001, respectively), and male gender and the levels of eGFR were inversely and independently associated with NT-proBNP levels. When the subjects with normal or elevated NT-proBNP were analyzed separately, the hs-cTnT level was not an independent predictor for the NT-proBNP level in the normal NT-proBNP group, whereas the hs-cTnT level was the only independent predictor for NT-proBNP level in the elevated NT-proBNP group (β=0.399, P <0.01).

Conclusions
In this community based population, NT-proBNP elevation was common. In addition to female gender and older age, subclinical myocardial injury indicated by the hs-cTnT level was another important factor in NT-proBNP elevation.

Chin Med J 2014;127 (4): 638-644
Efficacy and feasibility of gemcitabine and carboplatin as first-line chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lim Kyu-Hyoung , Lee Hui-Young , Song Seo-Young 
Published: January 2024

Background
Although platinum-based chemotherapy is a standard first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), further research for the safety and efficacy of combination chemotherapy in elderly patients has been required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemcitabine and carboplatin as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and to evaluate the prognostic factors.

Methods
Eligibility included: (1) age of 70 years or more, (2) histologically confirmed NSCLC, (3) chemotherapy-naïve, (4) advanced disease with stage IIIB or IV, (5) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2, (6) adequate organ function. Patients received intravenous carboplatin (area under curve (AUC)=5) on day 1 and gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks.

Results
The medical records of forty patients were reviewed retrospectively. Median age was 73.9 years (range, 70-84.6), and there were 27 men (67.5%). Thirty-seven patients (92.5%) had ECOG PS 0-1. Adenocarcinoma was found in 57.5%. Median cycles were administrated with 4.5 per person (range: 1-6). Best responses were partial response in 22 (55.0%) patients and stable disease (SD) in 13 (32.5%). The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.5-7.3 months) and 9.6 months (95% CI: 8.2-11.0 months), respectively. Grade 4 hematologic toxicities for neutropenia (7.5%), thrombocytopenia (7.5%) and anemia (5.0%) were observed. Histology was significant prognostic factor for PFS (P=0.024).

Conclusion
Gemcitabine and carboplatin combination chemotherapy is an effective and manageable treatment option in elderly advanced NSCLC patients with good performance status.
Glycation of high-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: SUN Jia-teng , SHEN Ying , LÜ An-kang , LÜ Lin , SHEN Wei-feng 
Published: January 2024

Objective
To evaluate whether glycation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increases cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by altering its anti-atherogenic property.

Data sources
Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from Pubmed and Medline in English from 2000 to 2013, with keywords “glycation”, “HDL”, and “atherosclerosis”.

Study selection
Articles regarding glycation of HDL and its role in atherogenesis in both humans and experimental animal models were identified, retrieved and reviewed.

Results
Glycation alters the structure of HDL and its associated enzymes, resulting in an impairment of atheroprotective functionality and increased risks for cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients.

Conclusion
Glycation of HDL exerts a deleterious effect on the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
Genome-wide study reveals an important role of spontaneous autoimmunity, cardiomyocyte differentiation defect and antiangiogenic activities in gender-specific gene expression in Keshan disease
Authors: He Shulan , Tan Wuhong , Wang Sen , Wu Cuiyan , Wang Pan , Wang Bin , Su Xiaohui , Zhao Junjie , Guo Xiong , Xiang Youzhang 
Published: January 2024

Background
Keshan disease (KD) is an endemic cardiomyopathy in China. The etiology of KD is still under debate and there is no effective approach to preventing and curing this disease. Young women of child-bearing age are the most frequent victims in rural areas. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between molecular pathogenic mechanisms in male and female KD sufferers.

Methods
We extracted RNA from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of KD patients (12 women and 4 men) and controls (12 women and 4 men). Then the isolated RNA was amplified, labeled and hybridized to Agilent human 4×44k whole genome microarrays. Gene expression was examined using oligonucleotide microarray analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was also performed to validate our microarray results.

Results
Among the genes differentially expressed in female KD patients we identified: HLA-DOA, HLA-DRA, and HLA-DQA1 associated with spontaneous autoimmunity; BMP5 and BMP7, involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation defect; and ADAMTS 8, CCL23, and TNFSF15, implicated in anti-angiogenic activities. These genes are involved in the canonical pathways and networks recognized for the female KD sufferers and might be related to the pathogenic mechanism of KD.

Conclusion
Our results might help to explain the higher susceptibility of women to this disease.
Preliminary molecular analysis of bacterial composition in periapical lesions with primary endodontic infections of deciduous teeth
Authors: SHANG Jia-jian , YANG Qiu-bo , ZHAO Huan-ying , CAI Shuang , ZHOU Yan , SUN Zheng 
Published: January 2024

Background
The bacterial composition of periapical lesions in deciduous teeth has not been well documented. This study was designed to explore the bacterial compositions, especially the dominant bacteria in periapical lesions using 16S rRNA sequencing.

Methods
Tissue samples were collected from 11 periapical lesions in deciduous teeth with primary endodontic infections. DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed using 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing for the identification of bacteria.

Results
All DNA samples were positive for 16S rRNA gene PCR. One hundred and fifty-one phylotypes from 810 clones were identified to eight phyla, and each sample contained an average of 25.9 phylotypes. In addition, 59 phylotypes were detected in more than two samples, and Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum (8/11), Dialister (D.) invisus (8/11), Campylobacter (C.) gracilis (7/11), Escherichia (E.) coli DH1 (6/11), Aggregatibacter (A.) segnis (6/11), and Streptococcus (S.) mitis (6/11) were the most prevalent species. Furthermore, 45 as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes were also identified.

Conclusions
Chronic periapical lesions in deciduous teeth contained polymicrobial infections. F. nucleatum, D. invisus, C. gracilis, E. coli DH1, A. segnis, and S. mitis were the most prevalent species detected by 16S rRNA sequencing.
Evaluation of the therapeutic efficiency of mandibular anterior implant-supported fixed bridges with cantilevers
Authors: WU Min-jie , WANG Xiao-jing , ZOU Li-dong , XU Wei-hua , ZHANG Xiang-hao 
Published: January 2024

Background
Dental implant technology has developed rapidly in recent years. However, the use of implant-supported fixed bridges with cantilevers has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of the mandibular anterior implant-supported fixed bridges with a cantilever.

Method
Thirty-three patients (15 males, 18 females; mean age, 42.6 years; range 20-54 years) with two missing anterior mandibular teeth had single implant-supported fixed bridges with a cantilever. Clinical examination was recorded and radiographs were taken. The mean duration of follow-up was 30 months (15-44 months).

Results
All implants survived. Loosening or fracture of the prosthesis was not observed. All patients were satisfied with the treatment. The mean bone resorption values after 12, 24, and 36 months of implant loading were 0.94, 1.18 and 1.35 mm respectively. The changes of gingival papilla height ranged from 0 to 0.5 mm. There was significant difference between 1-year and 2 or 3 years restoration groups regarding the average gingival height changes (P <0.05).

Conclusion
After careful and precise selection of patients, restoration with a single implant-supported fixed bridge with a cantilever can be recommended if two anterior mandibular teeth are missing.
Oral fibrinogen-depleting agent lumbrokinase for secondary ischemic stroke prevention: results from a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group and controlled clinical trial
Authors: CAO Yong-jun , ZHANG Xia , WANG Wan-hua , ZHAI Wan-qing , QIAN Ju-fen , WANG Jian-sheng , CHEN Jun , YOU Nian-xing , ZHAO Zhong , WU Qiu-yi , XU Yuan , YUAN Lei , LI Rui-xia , LIU Chun-feng 
Published: January 2024

Background
Elevated fibrinogen (Fg) level is a known risk factor for ischemic stroke. There are few clinical trials on oral fibrinogen-depleting therapies for secondary ischemic stroke prevention. We aimed to assess the effects of one-year therapy with oral lumbrokinase enteric-coated capsules on secondary ischemic stroke prevention.

Methods
This is a multicenter, randomized, parallel group and controlled study that began treatment in hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke and continued for 12 months. Patients were randomized to either the control group that received the standard stroke treatment or the fibrinogen-depleting group that received the standard stroke treatment plus enteric-coated lumbrokinase capsules. The NIH Stroke Scale scores (NIHSSs) and plasma Fg level were recorded. The carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and status of plaques were examined through carotid ultrasound examination. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality, any event of recurrent ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction and angina, and other noncerebral ischemia or hemorrhage. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the Long-rank test were used to compare total vascular end point incidence between the two groups. Comparison of median values between two groups was done by the Student t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), or non-parametric rank sum test.

Results
A total of 310 patients were enrolled, 192 patients in the treatment group and 118 patients in the control group. Compared to the control group, the treatment group showed favorable outcomes in the Fg level, carotid IMT, the detection rate of vulnerable plaques, the volume of carotid plaques, NIHSS scores, and incidence of total vascular (6.78% and 2.08%, respectively) and cerebral vascular events (5.93% and 1.04%, respectively) (P <0.05). In the treatment group, the volume of carotid plaques was significantly related to the carotid IMT, the plaque diameter, width and number (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.022; F=13.51, 2.52, 11.33, −3.29, but there was a weak correlation with the Fg level (P=0.056). After 1-year therapy, the incidence of overall vascular end points was reduced by 4.7%.

Conclusion
Long-term oral fibrinogen-depleting therapy may be beneficial for secondary ischemic stroke prevention.