bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing university wellness program for mental wellbeing among health science students: A protocol for implementing an intervention program in higher educational institutions Chennai Tamil Nadu
Authors: Pichamuthu Bala Ganesh , Thennavan Sathya , Govardhanan Sharmila 
Published: January 2025

Background:
University students, especially those in the health sciences, face significant mental health challenges due to demanding academic schedules and personal stressors. The University Wellness Programme (UWP) is committed to enhancing mental health and overall well-being by implementing comprehensive interventions.

Methods and Materials:
The pilot study was conducted at a private higher educational institution in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, with 200 health science students participating. The study is expected to expanded to include 600 participants. A quasi-experimental field study with a control group and a cross-sectional design was implemented. Interventions included recreational clubs, life skills and mindfulness training, and counselling services tailored to students. Data were collected using a validated wellness assessment tool with high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.912). Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were conducted over a six-month period.

Results:
In the pilot study, 55% of students reported excellent overall wellness, while 15% reported poor wellness. Additionally, 20% of students reported experiencing high levels of depression, while 25% reported high levels of stress. Substantial improvements in students’ mental health were observed, with reductions in anxiety, depression, and stress. The stress management sessions were found to be beneficial by 80% of students, while life skills training and recreational clubs received high participation rates and positive feedback.

Conclusion:
The UWP’s comprehensive, multimodal approach effectively improves mental health and reduces stress among health science students. The program’s success highlights the importance of integrating mental health promotion into higher education. In order to enhance the well-being of students, future implementations should prioritize expanding counselling services, life skills development, and recreational activities. The results underscore the need for tailored interventions to address the unique stressors faced by students, advocating for policy development and dedicated funding for wellness programs in universities.
Low attitude despite excellent knowledge in dental students on treating HIV/AIDS patients: Where are we lacking as educators?
Authors: Manickam Prebha , Varghese Tina , Xiao En Leanne Liew , Qin Kee Zi , Xin Kong He 
Published: January 2025

Background:
To achieve the goal of the Malaysian National Strategic Plan for ending HIV/AIDS by 2030, holistic management of patients with HIV/AIDS is crucial. Dental students are integral part of the workforce in managing these patients. It is pertinent that the dental students have sufficient knowledge and a positive approach towards this disease. Therefore, it is crucial to gain insight into dental students’ knowledge and attitude towards patients with HIV and improve them. The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention to improve dental students’ knowledge and attitude towards patients with HIV/AIDS and to analyse the quality of teaching methods based on the results.

Materials and Methods:
A validated questionnaire consisting of HIV knowledge and attitude items were administered to year 3 and 4 dental students (n = 89) by convenience sampling method. An educational intervention was conducted with the aim of improving awareness and management of patients with HIV/AIDS in dental settings. After three weeks, a post-assessment questionnaire was administered. The effect of the intervention was analysed by paired t-test (P < 0.048) and Pearson correlation test.

Results:
The mean age of respondents was 22.2 years. Significant improvement in knowledge was seen with mean scores including pre-assessment (76.7%) and post-assessment (87.4%) indicating excellent knowledge scores. Although positive changes in attitude were noticed, they were not statistically significant. Negative correlation between knowledge and attitude was also reported (r = -0.303).

Conclusions:
Education about HIV/AIDS is considered the most effective method to improve knowledge and attitude. The results demonstrated that the intervention had successfully increased the students’ knowledge and brought in a change attitude where the expected changes were not statistically significant. To bridge this gap between knowledge and attitude, a step ahead of just imparting ‘education’ is required.
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Persian version of worry questionnaire – Contrast avoidance model
Authors: Javaherirenani Razieh , Ahadianfard Pantea , Ashouri Ahmad 
Published: January 2025

Background:
According to the contrast avoidance (CA) model, avoiding sudden emotional changes can lead to pathological worry. There is no valid tool to measure CA tendencies in Iranian people. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a Persian version of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire-Worry (CAQ-W).

Material and Methods:
By convenience sampling, 426 participants were selected. The validity of the scale was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, this scale was tested for convergent validity with other scales. The coefficient theta, theta coefficient, and composite reliability were used to calculate the scale’s reliability.

Results:
There were three factors identified by the exploratory factor analysis, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.963 for the whole scale. It was found that the composite reliability ranged between 0.82 and 0.89. The composite reliability and extracted variance were respectively 0.569 and 0.975. Thus, the factors were found to be convergent. Based on CAQ-W, there is a positive and significant correlation between Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) (r = .846) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (r = .720). Also, confirmatory factor analysis supported its 3-factor structure.

Conclusion:
As complementary measures of CA tendencies, the CAQ-W has demonstrated strong psychometric properties.
The effect of educational intervention based on mobile learning on the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in vaccination
Authors: Shamsi Leila , Janighorban Mojgan , Mohamadirizi Soheila 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
The gap between the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers and their actual function in doing vaccination calls for the implementation of a program that can empower them. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of mobile learning educational intervention on the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in conducting vaccination.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This field trial study was conducted in 2022 on 100 healthcare providers working in comprehensive health centers in Khomeini Shahr City, Isfahan Province, Iran. The samples were randomly selected and divided into two groups intervention and control. The intervention group received vaccination training through two in-person sessions and utilized a smartphone application, which included videos, photos, and text-based content, for one month. Before and one month after the intervention, the participants completed the researcher-made questionnaires to measure their vaccination-related knowledge and self-efficacy. The validity and reliability of the tools were assessed and confirmed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 as well as t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square.

RESULTS:
Based on the results of the paired t-test, in the intervention group there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of knowledge and self-efficacy of conducting vaccination before and after the intervention (P < 0.0001; P = 0.004). However, in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.057; P = 0.642).

CONCLUSION:
Given the importance of vaccination in children’s health, it can be concluded that education based on mobile learning is an effective approach to increasing the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in conducting vaccinations. In the context of public health services, such as vaccination, the utilization of mobile-based training is recommended as a means to empower healthcare providers.
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its correlation with health beliefs among medical students
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Mikal Zahra Mehmannavaz , Sadeghi Elham , Khosravi Ahmad 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Prolonged exposure to chronic stressors, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, heightens the likelihood of experiencing various physical and mental health complications, including developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of PTSD and examine its association with health beliefs among students enrolled in the Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.

Materials And Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 and involved 350 students from diverse medical sciences. The participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. The study utilized health belief and PTSD questionnaires to collect data. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square, and multiple regression models.

Results:
The average PTSD score among students was 43.3 ± 13.1. It was shown that 81 (23.8%) individuals had a lower score of PTSD. Furthermore, 161 (47.3%) were determined to have moderate levels of PTSD, while 99 (29%) had severe levels of PTSD. The average health beliefs score was 97.4 ± 15.0 out of 184, indicating moderate health views. The findings show a correlation between more outstanding total scores on health behaviors and a lower average score on PTSD. Regarding variables, it was discovered that Ph.D. and professional doctorate students had higher PTSD ratings than undergraduate students. Individuals with weaker economic means had a 4.6-point higher average PTSD score than those with a monthly income exceeding $300. Furthermore, people with moderate to high anxiety levels due to COVID-19 had a considerably higher average PTSD score, roughly 13.3 higher, than those who experienced lower stress levels.

Conclusion:
The findings indicate a negative correlation between the total score of health behaviors and the average score of PTSD. Furthermore, the variables of educational level, impoverished economic status, and anxiety induced by the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as significant predictors of elevated scores on the PTSD scale. In order to increase psychological health and reduce PTSD in students, this research suggests teaching health principles in the context of COVID-19.
Effectiveness of nurse-led multi-component intervention program (NLMIP) on improving antiretroviral therapy adherence, CD4 count, psychological distress, and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and attending ART center – A protocol study
Authors: Sonia Gulati , Hariprasath Pandurangan , Kumar Gupta P. 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients require education. The nurse’s involvement in educating the patient about the ART regimen begins before treatment begins and continues for the duration of the patient’s life. This study will help determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led multi-component intervention program (NLMIP) on antiretroviral medication adherence, CD4 count, psychological distress and quality of life of people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA).

Methods and Materials:
The study will be conducted at the ART center of a selected 1532 bedded, multi-specialty, tertiary care, central government funded, teaching hospital in Delhi, India, during the years 2022–2024. The research design is a randomized controlled trial (pre-test-post-test, control group design/repeated measure design). Participants will be randomized into experimental and control groups. NLMIP will be introduced by the researcher to the experimental group. Data will be collected on the various study variables at three different intervals consecutively, that is, at baseline (day 1), after 12 weeks (post-test 1), and after 24 weeks (post-test 2) of the follow-up period. Chi-square, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test will be used to compare the two groups based on the demographic, clinical, and selected variables. Two sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) tests will be applied to determine the significance in the difference of pre-tested variables between the two groups.

Results:
The present study will assess the difference in the outcome variables of two groups (experimental and control) of PLWHA on the basis of NLMIP.

Conclusions:
NLMIP will provide a comprehensive guide for nurses and other health care professionals to provide regular health education to PLWHA who are registered for ART.
Enhancing the research enterprise at a health sciences university: A call for an institutional paradigm shift
Authors: Beutel Bryan G. , Bissing Taryn , Patel Aaditya , Duong Nicolette , Talley Jan 
Published: January 2025

Background:
There exists a rapidly growing need for a universally robust research enterprise at health sciences universities because of recent changes in the medical education landscape. This study aimed to evaluate student perceptions of (and challenges conducting) research and to implement effective strategies to expose students to enhanced resources and training.

Materials and Methods:
An anonymous survey developed using participatory research methods was disseminated to all students at a graduate health sciences university in 2023. This measured their engagement in research, resource needs, and barriers. Descriptive statistics quantitively analyzed factors that influence student participation in research, perceived benefits, and obstacles to performing research. Content analyses of open-ended responses outlined strategies to improve the research endeavor.

Results:
Of 580 responses, the vast majority (78%) were “interested” or “very interested” in performing research, but only 36% were actively engaged in projects. The most commonly cited benefit of research was to improve competitiveness for future training opportunities (431 [18%] responses). Frequently listed barriers to conducting research were lack of time within the curriculum (290 [27%] responses), inadequate institutional support (278 [26%]), and faculty unavailability (207 [19%]). Students proposed multiple initiatives to enhance research infrastructure, including a central communication website to exchange research ideas, expansion of research mentors and opportunities/partnerships, and hiring research-focused support staff.

Conclusions:
A critical need exists at health sciences universities for a shift toward universal recognition of the need for an enhanced research enterprise that addresses key barriers to student engagement. This study proposes strategies to achieve an active research model.
Burnout among nurses practicing in critical care units: Predicting the contributing factors
Authors: Yousif Sahar Yaqoob , AL-Fayyadh Sadeq 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Critical care nurses work in complex healthcare environments, which makes them more susceptible to burnout. Despite extensive research on burnout among nurses no previous study targeted burnout contributing factors in Iraq. Thus, this study aimed to determine the predicting the most influential factors in the development of burnout among critical care nurses.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive correlational design was used with 377 nurses who were practicing in critical care units in 13 public teaching hospitals in Iraq. Data were collected using socio-demographic, professional characteristics of nurses, Nurses Alarm Fatigue questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Burnout Assessment Tool. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis.

Results:
The multiple regression showed that nurses’ anxiety, stress, alarm fatigue, depression, and time span positively predict nurses’ burnout (P value = .000.,000.,000.,033.,036), respectively. On the other hand, only nurses’ age inversely predicts burnout level (P value = .008).

Conclusion:
Anxiety, stress, alarm fatigue, depression, and time span are the most influential factors in the development of burnout. Age was the only variable that predicted burnout inversely.
Understanding Perceptions, Attitudes, Myths and beliefs Towards Public Health(/dentistry) amongst Interns and Post Graduate Students in India amidst COVID-19 Pandemic- A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Kale Sonal , Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Kapoor Shivam , Tripathi Surbhi , Shetty Punith 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Understanding the perspective of students toward a dental subject is essential as it gives an idea on the positive as well as negative aspects of the subject and helps in planning further changes toward the subject.

Aim:
The aim of the study was to understand and assess the perceptions, attitudes, myths, and beliefs toward PH dentistry (PHD) among dental interns (DIs) and postgraduate students (PGs) in India through a qualitative approach.

Materials and Methods:
PGs (n = 10) and DIs (n = 10) representing five zones (East, West, Central, North, and South) were selected for the study from the dental colleges of India for focus group discussion (FGDs) conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. Conceptual framework was prepared pertaining to the aim of the study. FGD was organized through a Zoom meeting.

Results:
PGs and DIs had different perspectives toward the public health and PHD. The specialty being theoretical was the common response given in both the FGDs. Interns preferred other specialties over PHD for future prospects and lucrative pay. The lack of practicality and importance given to the specialty by higher authorities in India were reported by DIs and PGs, respectively.

Conclusion:
DIs and PGs have a negative attitude, superimposed with discouraging myths and misconceptions related to PHD with a lack of awareness among DIs regarding the future scope of this specialty. A practical approach to teach students to create interest is needed along with involving PHDs in government health programs.
Validity and Reliability of the Kannada Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form
Authors: Sapna B. , Sulthana D. S. Gazala 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Parenting style is an important determinant in the field of dentistry to understand children’s oral health outcomes.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to translate the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ-SF) in Kannada language and check its validity and reliability.

Materials and Methods:
The English version of PSDQ-SF was translated into Kannada language using the WHO guidelines. Content validity and face validity were assessed with the help of six experts. Amendments were made to get the final synthesized version. The final version of the translated tool was given to 150 parents of children aged between 6 and 12 years to test its reliability.

Results:
An acceptable item-level content validity index (I-CVI values ranging from 0.83 to 1) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI values ranging from 0.98 to 0.99) were obtained. The face validity was tested on the basis of consensus among the translators, investigators, and six experts (index of clarity – 98.4%). Acceptable internal consistency was obtained for total scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72). For subscales, it was found to be good for authoritative (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83), acceptable for authoritarian (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75), and questionable for permissive (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.60). The test–retest reliability score was 0.80 which reflected excellent reliability.

Conclusions:
The Kannada version of PSDQ-SF was found to be valid and reliable with acceptable to good scores. Hence, it can be used on Kannada-knowing population by dental health professionals in their clinical practice as well as for research purposes.
Should Medications Be Prescribed to Patients in Generic Form? Dental Practitioners’ Perspective
Authors: More Saudamini G , Patil Tejal , Shetty Tanvi , Bhanushali Monika , Sawant Hitesh 
Published: January 2025

Background:
The initial line of dental treatment is antibiotic and analgesic prescription in order to control the inflammatory symptoms which add to the rising cost of dental care. The National Medical Commission mandates physicians to prescribe all drugs in their generic form.

Objective:
To harness the knowledge, attitude, and practice model to assess the cognizance of dental practitioners about generic medicines for dental patients and Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) by the Government of India.

Methods:
An electronic survey was done among 249 dental practitioners of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai region. A custom-made 25-item (close- and open-ended questions) questionnaire tool was used after validation from 10 subject matter experts. The questions asked were related to demography, knowledge, awareness, and preference of generic drugs.

Results:
Only 26.5% of the practitioners had adequate knowledge about generic drugs. Practitioners working in private setup and dental hospitals (P = 0.013) and those with lesser years of experience had adequate knowledge about generic drugs (P = 0.00). About 60% of practitioners were aware about the PMBJP scheme. Around 62% of participants were not confident about prescribing drugs in their generic form.

Conclusion:
Although most of the practitioners were aware of the PMBJP scheme, they lacked the awareness regarding generic drugs per se. Dental practitioners need to be updated in their knowledge of generic drugs to facilitate astute generic drug prescription.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary pH, Gustatory Function, and Dental Caries among Pubertal, Menstruation, Menopause Women – An Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sindhusha Banda Sri Deepti , Srinivas Ravoori , Pachava Srinivas 
Published: January 2025

Introduction:
Saliva is the most available and noninvasive biofluid of the human body. There are five situations in a women’s life during which hormone fluctuations make them more susceptible to oral health problems during puberty, in monthly menstrual cycle, when using birth control pills, during pregnancy, and menopause.

Aim and Objective:
The objective is to evaluate salivary pH, gustatory function, dental caries among pubertal, menstruation, and menopause women.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out on 60 individuals and divided into three groups – puberty, menstruation, and menopause, 20 in each group. Salivary pH was measured using salivary pH strips and for gustatory function whole mouth taste test was performed in which the quality identification and intensity of taste solutions were measured. Dental caries was calculated using def and DMFT Index.

Results:
In the present study, statistically significant difference was found between the groups with respect to salivary pH (P = 0.007) and DMFT score (P < 0.001). Regarding correct quality identification, the results were nonsignificant. However, three among pubertal and menopause respectively were unable to identify the sweet taste correctly. Regarding the intensity of taste perception, statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in sweet (P = 0.002) and bitter (P = 0.009) and no statistical significance regarding salt and sour tastes.

Conclusion:
Women are more susceptible to salivary changes because of unique hormonal changes they experience. Hence, in this study, decreased in salivary pH is associated with increased DMFT score.