bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of EN AW-6082 Metal Foams and Stochastic Foam Modeling for the Individualization of Extruded Profiles
Authors: Schäfke Florian Patrick , Timmann Frederic , Klose Christian , Hürkamp André , Dröder Klaus , Maier Hans Jürgen 
Published: December 2023

AbstractLightweight design and hybrid components enable innovative and new component concepts, especially when combining structurally reliable metal components with individualized polymer components. In this research, a process for additive manufacturing polymers on the surface of extruded aluminum profiles is examined. The extrusion process is adapted to produce foamable aluminum profiles, which can be utilized to enable a form fit between the two materials and ensures sufficient bond strength. For this purpose, a novel aluminum block material based on the standard wrought alloy EN AW-6082 was developed. It consists of a solid EN AW-6082 core and powder metallurgically produced outer layer, which allows local foaming of the aluminum profile surface. The main objective of this study was to optimize the bond strength of the hybrid aluminum-polymer components. The methods employed include fabricating aluminum test specimens, performing mechanical tests, x-ray microscopy to analyze the pore structure and evaluating the 3D pore distribution and the wall thickness. Virtual foam models were created to numerically investigate suitable pore sizes and foam geometries for form-fit with the polymer. The porosity achieved as a function of the processing of the components are discussed and a comparison is made between the real and virtual pore structures.
Communication-robust multi-agent learning by adaptable auxiliary multi-agent adversary generation
Authors: Yuan Lei , Chen Feng , Zhang Zongzhang , Yu Yang 
Published: December 2023

AbstractCommunication can promote coordination in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Nowadays, existing works mainly focus on improving the communication efficiency of agents, neglecting that real-world communication is much more challenging as there may exist noise or potential attackers. Thus the robustness of the communication-based policies becomes an emergent and severe issue that needs more exploration. In this paper, we posit that the ego system1) trained with auxiliary adversaries may handle this limitation and propose an adaptable method of Multi-Agent Auxiliary Adversaries Generation for robust Communication, dubbed MA3C, to obtain a robust communication-based policy. In specific, we introduce a novel message-attacking approach that models the learning of the auxiliary attacker as a cooperative problem under a shared goal to minimize the coordination ability of the ego system, with which every information channel may suffer from distinct message attacks. Furthermore, as naive adversarial training may impede the generalization ability of the ego system, we design an attacker population generation approach based on evolutionary learning. Finally, the ego system is paired with an attacker population and then alternatively trained against the continuously evolving attackers to improve its robustness, meaning that both the ego system and the attackers are adaptable. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks indicate that our proposed MA3C provides comparable or better robustness and generalization ability than other baselines.
A process-reliable tailoring of subsurface properties during cryogenic turning using dynamic process control
Authors: Denkena Berend , Breidenstein Bernd , Maier Hans Jürgen , Prasanthan Vannila , Fricke Lara Vivian , Zender Felix , Nguyen Hai Nam , Zwoch Stefan , Wichmann Marcel , Barton Sebastian 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConsidering the current demands for resource conservation and energy efficiency, innovative machining concepts and increased process reliability have a significant role to play. A combination of martensitic hardening of the subsurface and near-net-shape manufacturing represent a great potential to produce components with wear-resistant subsurfaces in an energy- and time-saving way. Within the scope of the present study, the influence of cryogenic machining of metastable austenitic steel on the martensitic transformation and surface quality was investigated. Different cooling strategies were used. A soft sensor based on eddy current in-process measurements was used to determine and subsequently affect the martensitic transformation of the subsurface. The feed rate and component temperature were identified as significant factors influencing the martensitic transformation. However, a high feed rate leads to an increase in surface roughness, and thus to a reduction in component quality. For this reason, a roughing process for achieving maximum martensitic transformation was carried out first in the present study and then a reduction in the surface roughness by maintaining the martensitic subsurface content was aimed for by a subsequent finishing process. With the knowledge generated, a dynamic process control was finally set up for designing the turning process of a required subsurface condition and surface quality.
Hepatotoxicity in Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Gene Therapy
Authors: Jagadisan Barath , Dhawan Anil 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is the commonest viral vector used in gene therapies. With the increase in the number of such therapies being employed in human clinical trials and approved clinical use, the associated adverse events are increasingly observed. Hepatotoxicity is the most common adverse event.

Recent Findings
Although mild in most, hepatotoxicity may affect gene therapy efficacy, lead to acute liver failure, death and persisting hepatitis necessitating prolonged use of immunosuppressants. There has been an increase in the referrals of such cases to hepatologists.

Summary
There is a lack of good quality evidence on the use of reactive immunosuppressants. There is a need to devise empiric protocols to diagnose and treat hepatotoxicity based on the side-effect profile of individual gene therapy, the present understanding of immunological basis of hepatotoxicity, the experience with various immunosuppressants in other disorders and the unique challenges and requirements of gene therapy.
Combination of Styrylbenzoazole Compound and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Enhances Therapeutic Effect in Prion-Infected Mice
Authors: Teruya Kenta , Oguma Ayumi , Iwabuchi Sara , Nishizawa Keiko , Doh-ura Katsumi 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPrion diseases are fatal transmissible neurodegenerative disorders. Tremendous efforts have been made for prion diseases; however, no effective treatment is available. Several anti-prion compounds have a preference for which prion strains or prion-infected animal models to target. Styrylbenzoazole compound called cpd-B is effective in RML prion-infected mice but less so in 263K prion-infected mice, whereas hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is effective in 263K prion-infected mice but less so in RML prion-infected mice. In the present study, we developed a combination therapy of cpd-B and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose expecting synergistic effects in both RML prion-infected mice and 263K prion-infected mice. A single subcutaneous administration of this combination had substantially a synergistic effect in RML prion-infected mice but had no additive effect in 263K prion-infected mice. These results showed that the effect of cpd-B was enhanced by hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. The complementary nature of the two compounds in efficacy against prion strains, chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and physical properties appears to have contributed to the effective combination therapy. Our results pave the way for the strategy of new anti-prion agents.
Unveiling the tapestry of teacher belief research: tracing the present and forging the future through bibliometric analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Gao Yang , Sun Fei , Wang Qikai 
Published: December 2023

AbstractResearch on teacher beliefs has gained significant attention from scholars, resulting in a vast body of literature. To understand the current trends, themes, key contributors, and emerging areas in this domain, we utilized CiteSpace to review 1,731 teacher beliefs publications from 1951 to 2023 through the WOS database. The findings indicate that:1) Over recent decades, there has been a consistent increase in publications concerning teacher beliefs, which is still promising in recent years. 2) The research themes can be divided into professional development, teaching practices, self-efficacy, theoretical orientation, and student performance. 3) There is a noticeable lack of collaboration both across academic institutions and among different authors in the field of teacher beliefs research. 4) In terms of research hotspots, it can be roughly divided into the external environment, the belief ontology, and teaching practices. 5) In terms of research frontiers, four main research frontiers were identified in different periods: epistemological belief, implementation, inclusive education, and English. This study contributes to researchers’ understanding of the developmental trajectory of teacher beliefs research, thus providing references and guidance for future research endeavors.
Comparison of Tactile and Optical Measurement Methods Using Precise Geometrical Shape
Authors: Vozár Marek , Pätoprstý Boris , Hrušecký Róbert 
Published: December 2023

AbstractThe presented article deals with the comparison of accuracy different measuring methods, in order to determine the achievable level of measurement accuracy as well as to evaluate deviations that may occur when measuring the identical component on different machine. The measured component was cemented carbide rod of 10 mm diameter manufactured by the company Ceratizit. Two measurement systems with various degrees of reported accuracy were utilized—coordinate measurement machine Zeiss Prismo Ultra and optical microscope Zoller Genius 3 s. Data obtained by the measurement were evaluated and compared. The experiment was carried out so that appropriate measuring system can be chosen when measuring cutting tools based on the various specific requirements depending on the currently conducted experiments, reducing the time it takes to have the tools measured as well as the load on measuring machines operators. Another reason for the experiment was to determine whether used measurement systems are capable of measuring micro-geometry of the cutting tools, which turned out to be not possible due to the technical limitations of both methods. Comparing the values of deviations between the measuring devices used in the experiment it can be concluded that the accuracy of optical measurement method is sufficient for use in other ongoing experiments when measuring basic tool geometry.
Decomposition of an integrally convex set into a Minkowski sum of bounded and conic integrally convex sets
Authors: Murota Kazuo , Tamura Akihisa 
Published: December 2023

AbstractEvery polyhedron can be decomposed into a Minkowski sum (or vector sum) of a bounded polyhedron and a polyhedral cone. This paper establishes similar statements for some classes of discrete sets in discrete convex analysis, such as integrally convex sets, $$\hbox {L}^{\natural }$$

L
♮

-convex sets, and $$\hbox {M}^{\natural }$$

M
♮

-convex sets.
Long-Term Cognitive Outcomes After Surgery and Anesthesia: What We Find Depends on Where We Look
Authors: Joo Hyundeok , Li Laura Y. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To review how anecdote and narrative medicine, primary cohort studies, epidemiological studies, and the dementia literature can be bridged to understand long-term postoperative cognitive decline.

Recent Findings
Primary cohort studies have measured recoverable declines in memory and executive function after major surgery, but less-appreciated sources also offer critical insights. Anecdote reveals that functionally impactful cognitive decline may persist after physical recovery in some patients despite modern medications and monitoring and that physicians are unprepared to address patients’ cognitive concerns. However, epidemiological studies reproducibly demonstrate that elective surgery has no, or a negligible, average impact on cognition in older patients. Cognitively provocative factors — like medical hospital admissions or health factors like diabetes and smoking — are common in late life, and surgery likely contributes minimally to long-term cognitive change for most patients.

Summary
Patients should be reassured that, while anecdotes of durable cognitive change after surgery are easily accessible, most patients experience cognitive recovery after major surgery. However, those who do not recover deserve characterization of their symptoms and investigation of modifiable causes to facilitate cognitive recovery.
Multivariate study of lice (Insecta: Psocodea: Phthiraptera) assemblages hosted by hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae)
Authors: Sychra Oldřich , Rózsa Lajos , Podani János , Sychra Vojtěch , Literák Ivan , Capek Miroslav 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Lice were collected from 579 hummingbirds, representing 49 species, in 19 locations in Brazil, Costa Rica, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru, at elevations 0–3000 m above sea level. The following variables were included in an ecological analysis (1) host species' mean body mass, sexual size dimorphism, sexual dichromatism, migratory behaviour and dominance behaviour; (2) mean elevation, mean and predictability of temperature, mean and predictability of precipitation of the host species' geographic area; (3) prevalence and mean abundance of species of lice as measures of infestation. Ordination methods were applied to evaluate data structure. Since the traits are expressed at different scales (nominal, interval and ratio), a principal component analysis based on d-correlations for the traits and a principal coordinates analysis based on the Gower index for species were applied. Lice or louse eggs were found on 80 (13.8%) birds of 22 species. A total of 267 lice of 4 genera, Trochiloecetes, Trochiliphagus, Myrsidea and Leremenopon, were collected, with a total mean intensity of 4.6. There were positive interactions between migration behaviour and infestation indices, with elevational migrants having a higher prevalence and abundance of lice than resident birds. Further, we found weak negative correlations between host body mass and infestation indices and positive correlations between mean elevation and prevalence and abundance of Trochiliphagus. Thus, formerly unknown differences in the ecological characteristics and infestation measures of Trochiliphagus and Trochiloecetes lice were revealed, which allows a better understanding of these associations and their potential impacts on hummingbirds.
Discrete Aurora at Mars: Insights Into the Role of Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Johnston B. J. , Schneider N. M. , Jain S. K. , Milby Z. , Deighan J. , Bowers C. F. , DiBraccio G. A. , Gérard J.‐C. , Soret L. , Girazian Z. , Brain D. A. , Ruhunusiri S. , Curry S. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractDiscrete aurora are sporadic emissions of light originating in Mars upper atmosphere. We report nadir imaging observations from MAVEN's Imaging UltraViolet Spectrograph which identify the conditions which trigger electron precipitation causing these events. Prior studies have shown that discrete aurora events in the strong crustal magnetic field region in the southern hemisphere are the brightest and most repeatable compared to events occurring outside the region. Our new data set offers a more complete and accurate characterization of aurora in this area. The region of strongest crustal fields is composed of two distinct magnetic regions, with magnetic fields in opposite directions; discrete aurora events trigger in one region after dusk and in the other before dawn. Magnetic reconnection in these two adjacent regions with the draped interplanetary field may open the crustal fields in these regions during opposing local times. Particle precipitation can then cause discrete aurora at the observed times and locations.
Statistical Characteristics of Chorus Second Harmonic Waves in the Earth's Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Deng Dan , Yuan Zhigang , Xue Zuxiang , Huang Shiyong , Huang Zheng , Yu Xiongdong 
Published: December 2023

AbstractRecently, lower‐band chorus waves have been determined to cause diffuse auroral precipitation by exciting their second harmonics when the preferred excitation condition is satisfied. In this paper, with observations from the Van Allen Probe mission, we find that chorus second harmonic waves typically occur at L ∼ 4.5–6.5, particularly in the night‐dawn‐noon sector, which is consistent with the distribution of electron diffuse aurora. This observation suggests that chorus second harmonics play a potential role in the generation of diffuse aurora. Additionally, although most second harmonic events of chorus waves are found near the preferred excitation condition under the cold plasma assumption, in our survey, a secondary group is found away from the preferred excitation condition. The deviation is attributed to the significant alteration of the dispersion curve by the contribution from thermal electrons. Our results are helpful for understanding the excitation of chorus second harmonics and their roles in the magnetosphere.
Source Profiles of Particle‐Bound Phenolic Compounds and Aromatic Acids From Fresh and Aged Solid Fuel Combustion: Implication for the Aging Mechanism and Newly Proposed Source Tracers
Authors: Zhang Bin , Shen Zhenxing , He Kun , Zhang Leiming , Huang Shasha , Sun Jian , Xu Hongmei , Li Jianjun , Yang Liu , Cao Junji 
Published: December 2023

AbstractPhenolic compounds and aromatic acids, as oxygenated aromatic compounds, can participate in photochemical reactions to form secondary organic aerosols (SOAs), and thus strongly impact climate and human health. In the present study, on‐site combustion experiments were conducted to determine primary emissions and secondary formation of phenolic compounds and aromatic acids released from burning of a variety of solid fuels using a potential aerosol mass‐oxidation flow reactor (PAM‐OFR). Emission factors (EFs) of phenolic compounds and aromatic acids from aged samples were 1.04 to 4.04 and 0.90 to 2.80 times those in the fresh PM2.5, respectively, implying significant amounts of these compounds produced from atmospheric aging processes. Substantially different emission profiles of phenolic compounds were observed between coal and biomass burning, with coal combustion mainly released single‐ring species (82%–86% in primary and 86%–89% in secondary emissions), while biomass burning released more two‐, three‐, and four‐ring species (59%–69% in primary and 50%–58% in secondary emissions). Aromatic acids emission profiles from coal and biomass burning also differed considerably, with biomass burning producing significantly higher (>2 times) abundance of dibasic acids than coal combustion, suggesting higher potential of producing additional ‐COOH group from biomass burning. Benzenediol, cresol, dimethylphenol, 1‐pyrenol, phenanthrenol, and hydroxylbenzonic acid were identified as SOA as they were mainly formed during simulated aging processes. Benzenediol acid/phenanthrenol was much lower from biomass (3.70 ± 1.29) than coal (62.7 ± 9.61), and these values remained stable after aging, suggesting this ratio being suitable as tracer for distinguishing different fuels combustion in source apportionment analysis.
Effect of non-invasive spinal cord stimulation in unmedicated adults with major depressive disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial and induced current flow pattern
Authors: Romo-Nava Francisco , Awosika Oluwole O. , Basu Ishita , Blom Thomas J. , Welge Jeffrey , Datta Abhishek , Guillen Alexander , Guerdjikova Anna I. , Fleck David E. , Georgiev Georgi , Mori Nicole , Patino Luis R. , DelBello Melissa P. , McNamara Robert K. , Buijs Ruud M. , Frye Mark A. , McElroy Susan L. 
Published: December 2023

AbstractConverging theoretical frameworks suggest a role and a therapeutic potential for spinal interoceptive pathways in major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects and tolerability of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in MDD. This was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel group, pilot clinical trial in unmedicated adults with moderate MDD. Twenty participants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to receive “active” 2.5 mA or “sham” anodal tsDCS sessions with a thoracic (anode; T10)/right shoulder (cathode) electrode montage 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Change in depression severity (MADRS) scores (prespecified primary outcome) and secondary clinical outcomes were analyzed with ANOVA models. An E-Field model was generated using the active tsDCS parameters. Compared to sham (n = 9), the active tsDCS group (n = 10) showed a greater baseline to endpoint decrease in MADRS score with a large effect size (−14.6 ± 2.5 vs. −21.7 ± 2.3, p = 0.040, d = 0.86). Additionally, compared to sham, active tsDCS induced a greater decrease in MADRS “reported sadness” item (−1.8 ± 0.4 vs. −3.2 ± 0.4, p = 0.012), and a greater cumulative decrease in pre/post tsDCS session diastolic blood pressure change from baseline to endpoint (group difference: 7.9 ± 3.7 mmHg, p = 0.039). Statistical trends in the same direction were observed for MADRS “pessimistic thoughts” item and week-8 CGI-I scores. No group differences were observed in adverse events (AEs) and no serious AEs occurred. The current flow simulation showed electric field at strength within the neuromodulation range (max. ~0.45 V/m) reaching the thoracic spinal gray matter. The results from this pilot study suggest that tsDCS is feasible, well-tolerated, and shows therapeutic potential in MDD. This work also provides the initial framework for the cautious exploration of non-invasive spinal cord neuromodulation in the context of mental health research and therapeutics. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03433339 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03433339.