bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mast cells in acute hepatitis
Authors: Bardadin Krzysztof A. , Scheuer Peter J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe prevalence and morphological characteristics of mast cells were studied in 41 liver biopsies from patients with acute hepatitis of different causes. In 17 of these biopsies mast cells were found both in portal tracts and sinusoids. They were mainly found in the classical and periportal types of hepatitis, and were more abundant in the later stages of the disease. Their presence was established both by staining for mast cells at light microscopic level and by electron microscopy. Two types of mast cells were found. Those in the portal tracts had the characteristics of connective tissue mast cells in other organs. The second type was the sinusoidal mast cell. These were closely associated with a variety of myeloid cells, and ultrastructural evidence suggests that they may be derived from the latter. Mast cells are considered to participate in the inflammatory response in acute hepatitis.
Thymoma: An integrated clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ring Nicola P. , Addis Bruce J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe clinicopathological features of 32 thymomas were reviewed and tumours were staged according to their degree of invasion. Their antigenic profiles were studied using monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins (CAM 5.2 and DAKO‐CK1), HNK‐1 (Leu 7), and HLA‐DR (TAL‐IB5). Stage I (non‐invasive) tumours were mainly of the spindle cell (SC) or predominantly lymphocytic (PL) types, whilst all the predominantly epithelial (PE) tumours were either locally invasive (stage II) or showed more extensive spread (stage III). Neoplastic epithelial cells all expressed cytokeratin, but varied in their degree of positivity. CAM 5.2 was more uniformly positive with cells at the periphery of tumour nodules and lining tubulo‐cystic areas staining most strongly. DAKO‐CK1 gave less uniform positivity but highlighted areas of medullary differentiation. HNK‐1 was variably expressed in all tumour groups but was found more often in the invasive tumours (73 per cent stage III, 62 per cent stage II, 50 per cent stage I), particularly those of PE or mixed (M) type. In general, TAL‐IB5 expression was lost in the more invasive thymomas. Focal medullary differentiation in tumours suggests a common origin for cortical and medullary epithelium, indicating that sub‐division of tumours into cortical or medullary types is not valid. Immunohistochemistry may usefully complement clinical and macroscopic findings in the assessment of malignancy in thymoma.
Stromal changes in early invasive and non‐invasive breast carcinoma: An ultrastructural study
Authors: Tamimi Salah O. , Ahmed Ali 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSix examples of histologically diagnosed, non‐invasive breast carcinomas were studied by electron microscopy to elucidate the ultrastructural features for an accurate diagnosis of in situ carcinoma. The results obtained revealed two patterns of basal lamina/stromal cells relationship. One pattern showed intact basal lamina with associated periductal stromal cells consisting entirely of fibroblasts, the other pattern showed disruption of basal lamina by gaps and malignant cell protrusions with associated stromal cells consisting of both fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. As myofibroblasts are not a component of normal breast stroma but are known to be a prominent feature in the stroma of infiltrating breast carcinoma, the present observations suggest that myofibroblastic proliferation around in situ carcinoma represents an early sign of carcinomatous infiltration. Hence the definitive diagnosis of non‐invasive carcinoma of the breast requires an intact basal lamina and a complete absence of a myofibroblastic reaction.
Cluster differentiation antigen expression, proliferative activity and clinical stage in centroblastic centrocytic lymphomas
Authors: Williamson J. M. S. , Grigor I. , Smith M. E. F. , Holgate C. S. , Quirke P. , Bird C. C. , Alison D. L. , Child J. A. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a panel of B‐cell antibodies recognizing clusters of leucocyte differentiation antigens, immunostaining patterns of eight reactive lymph nodes and 28 centroblastic/centrocytic and centrocytic lymphomas have been studied. Centroblastic/centrocytic and centrocytic lymphomas retained many of the B‐cell differentiation antigens and neoplastic follicles partially recapitulated the staining patterns observed in reactive follicles. Centrocytic lymphomas usually expressed a heavy chain mantle zone‐like phenotype. Nearly one‐half of follicular lymphomas showed extension of neoplastic cells into interfollicular areas as evidenced by positivity for CD 10 (common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and/or CD9 (immature B‐cell) and CD23 (B‐blast cell) antigens. Cases showing interfollicular involvement also manifested considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. Light chain restriction could not be used to determine interfollicular involvement because of the presence of many non‐neoplastic cells. Most follicular lymphomas retained a polyclonal mantle around at least some neoplastic follicles and in no case was a monoclonal mantle seen. Most lymphomas (16/21) were diploid when examined by flow cytometry. Diploid tumours exhibiting interfollicular lymphomatous involvement had high proliferation (S + G2) fractions and these lymph nodes were usually derived from patients with widespread disease. Tumours containing a high percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phases displayed fewer B‐cell differentiation antigens than tumours with low G0/G1 fractions.
Endocrine differentiation of extra‐pulmonary small cell carcinoma demonstrated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to PGP 9.5, neuron‐specific enolase and the C‐flanking peptide of human pro‐bombesin
Authors: Springall David R. , Ibrahim Nassif B. N. , Rode Jurgen , Sharpe Mandy S. , Bloom Stephen R. , Polak Julia M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractSeveral recent studies have confirmed the endocrine nature of small cell carcinoma of the lung. In extra‐pulmonary sites, small cell ‘undifferentiated’ carcinomas have classical morphological features similar to their pulmonary counterpart. We therefore investigated, using immunocytochemistry, the possibility that the non‐pulmonary neoplasms may also be endocrine in nature. Sections of 29 small cell carcinomas from oesophagus, stomach, larynx, colon and urinary bladder were immunostained using antisera to protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), cytokeratin, leucocyte common antigen and peptides including bombesin, the C‐flanking peptide of human probombesin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, neurotensin, calcitonin and pancreatic polypeptide. All the tumours showed immunoreactivity for at least one of the two general endocrine markers PGP 9.5 and NSE. Twenty‐three of the 29 cases were immunoreactive for PGP 9.5, 27 for NSE. All were positive for cytokeratin and negative for leucocyte common antigen. Of the regulatory peptides, immunoreactivity was obtained with antisera to bombesin (one case), the C‐flanking peptide of human pro‐bombesin (14 cases), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (one case) and calcitonin (three cases). No PGP 9.5‐, NSE‐or peptide‐like immunoreactivity was detected in 25 control tumours from similar sites, including lymphomas and poorly differentiated tumours. These results suggest that non‐pulmonary small cell carcinoma has an endocrine character.
The toxic plant proteins ricin and abrin induce apoptotic changes in mammalian lymphoid tissues and intestine
Authors: Griffiths Gareth D. , Leek Michael D. , Gee D. J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe toxins ricin and abrin are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis. Apoptosis has been shown to be induced in some cells by cycloheximide and actinomycin D whereas the process is prevented in other cells by the same agents, both inhibitors of protein synthesis. We were interested to find whether ricin and abrin caused any apoptotic changes in rapidly dividing tissues where we believed that these toxins concentrate. Rats were injected intramuscularly with toxin and killed at time intervals, tissues being removed and examined by light and electron microscopy.Apoptotic‐like bodies were abundant in para‐aortic lymph nodes, Peyer's patches and ileal crypts of ricin or abrin intoxicated rats. Abrin was found to cause markedly more pronounced changes in these tissues, when compared with a similar dose of ricin. Prior to this, these toxins have been reported as causing necrosis in animal tissues.
Reaction of monoclonal anti Leu M1—a myelomonocytic marker (CD15)—with normal and neoplastic epithelia
Authors: Sewell Herb F. , Jaffray Bruce , Thompson W. Douglas 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe present study describes the distribution of Leu M1 (CD15) immunoreactivity in 13 normal epithelia and 14 epithelial neoplasms. The findings are compared with those obtained using other epithelial markers. Cautionary points and broad recommendations are made with regard to use of anti Leu M1 antibody.
Tumours acquire their vasculature by vessel incorporation, not vessel ingrowth
Authors: Thompson W. D. , Shiach K. J. , Fraser R. A. , McIntosh L. C. , Simpson J. G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the early development of tumour circulation using a transplantable mouse mammary adenocarcinoma. Tumour cells (106) were injected subcutaneously into the flank and groups of treated mice were killed at 24 h intervals up to 12 days; the tumours and surrounding tissues being processed by standard histological methods. Sections of tumour were sub‐divided into neoplastic tissue, vessels and connective tissue using computer‐assisted morphometric techniques: the host tissue around the tumour was similarly quantified for vessels and connective tissue. With increasing tumour size, the proportion of vessels within tumours rapidly increased to reach a plateau of approximately 1·5 per cent of tumour volume, a 400 per cent increase on the vascular density of normal subcutaneous tissue. Within tumours, vascular density was always higher at the periphery than the centre. The most pronounced increase in vascular density affected the host tissue around the tumour. It is not clear why vascular development is most prominent outwith the tumour when postulated angiogenic factors, such as tumour angiogenesis factor, are presumably released within. Our results imply, however, that tumours acquire their vasculature by infiltration into, and expansion between, a network of newly formed vessels in the surrounding connective tissue.
Ovarian cancer in women given diethylstilboestrol in pregnancy: Two case reports
Authors: Cohen Ilan , Altaras Marco , Jaffe Richard , Markov S. , Corduba Mario , Aderet Noah Ben 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo cases of ovarian cancer that developed many years after exposure to large dozes of diethylstilboestrol during pregnancy are reported. This paper is the first such cases reported.
The immunohistology of Hodgkin's disease—Reed–Sternberg cells and their variants
Authors: Angel Carole A. , Warford Anthony , Campbell Andrew C. , Pringle James H. , Lauder Ian 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThirty‐three cases of Hodgkin's disease were analysed by immunoalkaline phosphatase and immunoperoxidase techniques, using a monoclonal antibody panel, including markers of B‐cells, T‐cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and the antibody Ki‐1. Hodgkin's cells were found to express markers generally regarded as T‐cell, B‐cell, myeloid, or monocyte associated. Furthermore, heterogeneity of marker expression was also seen within the Hodgkin's cell population in any single case. Morphological and immunohistological analogies between cells involved in antigen presentation and Hodgkin's cells are described, suggesting possible relationships between these cell types. Anti‐Leu M 1 was not found to be a particularly sensitive marker of Hodgkin's disease under the conditions used in this study.
Leucocyte common antigen is present on osteoclasts
Authors: Athanasou N. A. , Quinn J. , O'D. Mcgee J. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractUsing a large panel of monoclonal antibodies which recognize the leucocyte common antigen (LCA), the presence of LCA on osteoclasts in both fetal and adult human bone specimens has been determined by immunohistochemistry. LCA is evident on the surface of fetal human osteoclasts in bone imprints and cryostat sections. LCA was also found on osteoclasts in specimens of fixed, decalcified osteoarthritic bone. The intensity and pattern of osteoclast reactivity were similar to those of foreign‐body type macrophage polykaryons in inflammatory lesions. These results favour derivation of osteoclasts and their precursors from the multipotential haemopoietic stem cell which produces peripheral blood leucocytes and argues against their origin from a separate stem cell.
Structural distinctions among human breast epithelial cells revealed by the monclonal antikeratin antibodies AE1 and AE3
Authors: Sorenson Stephen C. , Asch Bonnie B. , Connolly James L. , Burstein Nelson A. , Asch Harold L. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractTwo monoclonal antikeratin antibodies, AE1 and AE3, were used in indirect immunocytochemistry to examine keratin expression in normal, benign proliferative, and malignant human breast epithelium. Both antibodies reacted strongly with most luminal cells in ducts and acini of normal gland. While AE1 did not stain myoepithelium, AE3 recognized myoepithelial cells of ducts but not acini, implying a cytoskeletal difference between the myoepithelium of these two components. Moreover, the antibodies reacted differently with the myoepithelium of intracanalicular as compared with pericanalicular types of fibroadenomas. Tumour cells of infiltrating ductal carcinomas with a prominent intraductal component stained more homogeneously with AE1 and AE3 than those without intraductal growth. The results provide evidence for two phenotypes of myoepithelial cells and for the presence of cryptic keratin epitopes in human breast epithelial cells. The finding that neither AE1 nor AE3 is a universal detector of these cells has important clinical and experimental implications.
Pattern of connective tissue development in swine pulmonary vasculature by immunolocalization
Authors: Mills Adrian N. , Haworth Sheila G. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractLight microscopic immunolocalization studies were carried out on lung tissue from eight newborn and four adult pigs using antibodies to six extracellular matrix components. Antibodies to fibronectin, collagen type IV, and laminin localized on the same structures in adult and newborn lungs. By contrast, antibodies to the interstitial collagens (types I, III, and V) were less extensively localized in the newborn than in the adult, particularly those to type I because the fibres on which they localized in the newborn were thin and sparse. At all ages, antibodies to collagen types III and V co‐localized on type I fibres and also on thin individual fibres which formed networks, more dense in the adult than in the newborn. At all ages, anti‐type III collagen antibodies also localized on smooth muscle cells. In the adult, but not in the newborn, anti‐type I and type V collagen antibodies localized on the connective tissue around the smooth muscle cells in the pulmonary arterial media and vein wall. The dominance of collagen type III suggests greater plasticity in the newborn pulmonary vasculature, which helps explain the recently described rapid changes in arterial wall structure which constitute adaptation to extrauterine life. The postnatal increase in collagen type I helps explain the documented postnatal increase in structural stiffness of the pulmonary arteries.
Immune complex‐induced defects in glomerular basement membrane charge can be “repaired” despite continuing glomerular disease
Authors: Furness Peter N. , Turner David R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThere have been conflicting reports over whether or not glomerular immune complex deposits cause proteinuria by neutralizing the glomerular basement membrane anionic charge. We investigated whether the reported discrepancies could arise as a result of repair of the charge layer, in the face of continuing antigen deposition, and how rapidly this repair could be effected. We used a chronic serum sickness model of glomerulonephritis which consistently produces a nephrotic syndrome stable over 8 weeks. Charge distribution was demonstrated by the polyethyleneimine (PEI) method. Subepithelial electron dense deposits were associated with defects in the charge layer of the lamina rara externa at 2 and 4 weeks, but at 8 weeks many of the deposits had become surrounded by a new charge layer. This finding is of relevance to the interpretation of similar studies on human material.
Cellular composition of follicles of follicle centre cell lymphomas in relation to germinal centres of reactive lymph nodes. A morphometrical electromicroscopical study
Authors: Peters J. P. J. , Rademakers L. H. P. M. , De Boer R. J. , Van Unnik J. A. M. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe cell spectrum of neoplastic and benign reactive germinal centres was determined ultrastructurally. The degree in which the cell composition found in reactive germinal centres is maintained in analogous structures of follicular lymphomas was investigated by pattern recognition methods and discriminant analysis based on the frequencies of the various lymphoid and non‐lymphoid cell types. The follicular lymphomas included lymphomas with predominantly centrocytes (FCCL, Cb‐cc) and lymphomas with predominantly centroblasts (FCCL, Cb).Pattern analysis of FCCL Cb, FCCL Cb‐cc and reactive germinal centres indicates that FCCL Cb follicles resemble reactive germinal centres in more aspects than follicles of FCCL Cb‐cc.Clear statistical differences were encountered between the frequencies of the lymphoid cell types and of the follicular dendritic and histiocytic reticulum cells in follicles of FCCL Cb‐cc and FCCL Cb and reactive germinal centres.Application of a discriminant analysis using a combination of the frequency of centrocytes and follicular dendritic cells demonstrated that both types of neoplastic follicles and reactive germinal centres were correctly classified on the basis of their cell spectrum. For the three groups the most potent discriminator was the centrocyte, whereas the small and large centroblast were of less value. For discrimination between Cb‐cc follicles and reactive germinal centres again the centrocyte was the most potent discriminator. Discrimination between FCCL Cb follicles and reactive germinal centres of FCCL Cb‐cc follicles can be easily achieved using the frequencies of small centroblasts or centrocytes on their own.These findings indicate that (1) follicles of both FCCL Cb and FCCl Cb‐cc differ greatly in the cellular composition and not only with respect to their content of centroblasts but also in their content of follicular dendritic cells and (2) they may be considered as neoplasms representing different developmental phases of germinal centres.
Nucleolar organizer regions in small cell tumours of childhood
Authors: Egan M. J. , Raafat F. , Crocker J. , Smith K. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractA silver colloid technique for nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) was applied to paraffin sections of 50 small cell tumours of childhood. These comprised 20 neuroblastomas, 10 Ewing's sarcoma, and 20 rhabdomyosarcomas, including spindle cell, myxoid, and round cell variants. On the basis of the number of AgNORs, one could differentiate between the three groups. The differences observed were statistically significant (P = 0·01−0·001). The subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma could not be distinguished from one another on the basis of AgNOR counts. We suggest that this simple histochemical technique may be a useful adjunct to the range of special techniques now available to assist the pathologist in the diagnosis of small round cell tumours.
Prognostic factors in breast cancer: Immunohistochemical staining for SP1 and NCRC 11 related to survival, tumour epidermal growth factor receptor and oestrogen receptor status
Authors: Wright C. , Angus B. , Napier J. , Wetherall M. , Udagawa Y , Sainsbury J. R. C. , Johnston S. , Carpenter F. , Horne C. H. W. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractIt has been proposed that intense immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal antibody NCRC 11 is indicative of a better prognosis in breast cancer, and that expression of pregnancy specific glycoprotein (SP1) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are poor prognosis indicators. In order to evaluate the significance of staining for NCRC 1 1 to prognosis and to these other variables, we studied two series of breast cancer patients. In one series (n = 93), staining with NCRC 11 and for SP1 was correlated with prognosis: in neither case was there any overall relationship between staining and survival. However, when the patients were stratified by tumour histological (Bloom's) grade, SP1 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in grade II tumours (p <0·025). In a further series (n = 94), NCRC 11 staining was carried out and fresh tumour samples were assayed biochemically for oestrogen receptor (OER) and EGFR. NCRC 11 showed a negative correlation with EGFR status (p = < 0·05) but no significant association with OER status. Thus despite our demonstration of a negative correlation with an indicator of poorer prognosis, we were unable to demonstrate any direct relationship between staining with NCRC 11 and survival.
Appendicitis revisited: A comparative study of Malawian and English appendices
Authors: Rode J. , Dhillon A. P. , Hutt M. S. R. 
Published: June 2005

AbstractThe incidence of appendicitis shows a marked variation between populations which has been attributed to dietary differences. Neural mechanisms and serotonin discharge from subepithelial neurosecretory cells have been previously implicated in pain referable to the appendix and appendicitis. Forty consecutive appendicectomy specimens from Malawi were studied by staining with haematoxylin and eosin, an alcian blue – PAS diastase sequence coupled with lead haematoxylin (PbH) and immunohistology for serotonin and NSE. The findings were compared with those in appendices removed at the Middlesex Hospital, London, to see if there were any differences between a population with a low risk of appendicitis (Malawi) and a high risk population (England). Acute transmural appendicitis was seen in fewer appendices from Malawi (27·5 per cent) than in English appendices (58 per cent). Subepithelial neurosecretory cells identified with PbH were present in 20 per cent of appendices from Malawi and 69 per cent of English appendices. These cells in both series showed immunohistochemical staining for serotonin. Nerve hyperplasia identified by staining for NSE in the appendix was present in 17·5 per cent and 81 per cent of non‐inflamed appendices from Malawi and England respectively.Appearance of subepithelial neurosecretory cells and hyperplasia appear to be concomitants of an increased risk of appendicitis. Neural mechanisms may participate in adapting to a low residue diet and in some cases may generate appendicitis.