bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of varying the mixing formula on the quality of a yeast sweet bread and also on the process conditions, as studied by surface response methodology
Authors: Calderón‐Domínguez Georgina , Farrera‐Rebollo Reynold , Arana‐Errasquín Ramón , Mora‐Escobedo Rosalva 
Published: February 2005

SummaryThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different ingredients on the mixing and fermentation times required to attain good bread quality. Results showed that variation in almost all ingredients affected mixing time; shortening being the exception. Longer mixing times were required as the concentration of ingredients was increased. Water‐soluble ingredients had a synergistic effect. The same behaviour was observed with total fermentation time, sugar, salt and milk powder having major effects. The only change in crumb colour was caused by egg. Crust colour was only affected by the presence of milk and sugar. It was concluded that it was possible to get good quality bread by varying the process conditions according to the formulation used. Non‐hygroscopic ingredients had a lesser effect on mixing and fermentation times. Predictive equations were obtained.
The effects of cultivar and physiological age on quality and shelf‐life of coleslaw mix packaged in modified atmospheres
Authors: Cliffe‐Byrnes Valerie , Beirne David O’ 
Published: February 2005

SummaryTwo cultivars of ‘Dutch’ cabbage were used to determine conditions whereby coleslaw made from them could be stored under modified atmospheres (MA) with minimal deterioration. The cabbage was sliced and mixed (4:1) with shredded carrot. The effects of storing the cabbages prior to processing, the cultivar identity, and use of low temperatures and MA storage on the quality and storage life were investigated. Quality in terms of appearance and aroma were measured as well as bacterial contamination before and during storage. Cultivar (cv.) Marathon rather than cv. Lennox gave a product of higher quality, with a better shelf‐life, particularly when packaged under micro‐perforated PA‐160 film rather than oriented polypropylene (OPP). Long‐term storage of cabbage prior to processing had detrimental effects on the acceptability of MA packaged coleslaw. Attempts were made to explain the findings in terms of differences in microbial counts. Guidelines were established that could be used in the production of high quality coleslaw mix packaged in MA.
Blood coagulation and its regulation by anticoagulant pathways: genetic pathogenesis of bleeding and thrombotic diseases
Authors: DAHLBÄCK BJÖRN 
Published: February 2005

Abstract.Platelet‐mediated primary haemostasis and blood coagulation have evolved as important defence mechanisms against bleeding. The formation of the platelet plug provides the initial occlusion of the vascular lesion. This is temporally co‐ordinated with the activation of the coagulation system, which occurs in response to the rupture of endothelium and the exposure of blood to the extravascular tissue. The reactions of blood coagulation are carefully controlled by several anticoagulant mechanisms and under normal conditions they prevail over the procoagulant forces. Genetic or acquired disturbances of the natural balance between the pro‐ and anticoagulant systems may result in bleeding or thrombotic diseases.
The Pro387Leu variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1B is not associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 in a German population
Authors: GOUNI‐BERTHOLD I. , GIANNAKIDOU E. , MÜLLER‐WIELAND D. , FAUST M. , KOTZKA J. , BERTHOLD H. K. , KRONE W. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract.Objectives.  Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM‐2) is a complex disorder with a strong genetic background. Protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1B (PTP‐1B) dephosphorylates various receptor protein kinases in vitro, including the β subunit of the insulin receptor, therefore representing a potential candidate to be involved in the polygenic pathogenesis of DM‐2. Recently a Pro387Leu variant of the PTP‐1B gene has been associated with an increased risk of DM‐2 in a Danish population. Reports from China and Finland failed to confirm this association.Design, setting and subjects.  The purpose of the present study was to examine the possible association between the presence of DM‐2 and the Pro387Leu polymorphism in a German Caucasian population. A total of 836 subjects (age 20–92 years) participated in the study. The presence of the Pro387Leu variant of the PTP‐1B gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment‐length polymorphism in 402 subjects with DM‐2 (231 men, 171 women, age 63.1 ± 10.8 years, BMI 28.7 ± 5.1 kg m−2) and in 434 normoglycemic age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects (248 men, 186 women, age 64.4 ± 6.5 years, BMI 26.5 ± 3.7 kg m−2).Results.  Nine subjects in the control group and nine in the diabetic group (allelic frequency 0.99% in both groups) carried the Pro387Leu polymorphism. A meta‐analysis on published data of >3000 subjects including our own data did not find an association between the polymorphism and DM‐2. In addition, the polymorphism had no significant influence on the presence of atherosclerotic disease, whilst the influence of other known cardiovascular risk factors was confirmed. Furthermore, the impact of the mutation on metabolic and anthropometric parameters in both groups was examined. Amongst the controls there were no significant differences in BMI, HDL and LDL cholesterol or blood pressure between the two groups with or without the Pro387Leu polymorphism. The same was true for the diabetic group. Interestingly, in both diabetics and controls, Pro387Leu carriers had significantly higher triglycerides. In a logistic regression model only BMI and family history but not polymorphism were predictors of DM‐2.Conclusions.  In conclusion, the present data suggest that in a German Caucasian population the Pro387Leu polymorphism of the PTP‐1B gene is not associated with DM‐2 but may play a role in other metabolic phenotypes.
Homocysteine as a risk factor for CVD mortality in men with other CVD risk factors: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study
Authors: VIRTANEN J. K. , VOUTILAINEN S. , ALFTHAN G. , KORHONEN M. J. , RISSANEN T. H. , MURSU J. , KAPLAN G. A. , SALONEN J. T. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract.Objective.  Based on case–control and prospective studies elevated blood total homocysteine (tHcy) has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The purpose of the study was to explore the joint effect of increased serum tHcy concentration and other risk factors on the risk of CVD mortality in middle‐aged men without a history of heart disease or stroke.Design.  A prospective, population‐based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study.Setting.  Eastern Finland.Subjects.  A total of 802 men aged 46–64 years, examined in 1991–93.Main outcome measures.  CVD mortality event.Results.  The mean serum tHcy concentration was 10.8 μmol L−1 (SD 3.3). During the average follow‐up time of 10.8 years 50 men experienced a CVD death. The hazard rate ratio for CVD mortality was 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–3.19) in men in the highest serum tHcy third versus lower thirds after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, elevated serum tHcy concentration appeared to increase the risk of CVD death in men who smoke or who have high circulating concentrations of serum total or LDL cholesterol, apo‐B apolipoprotein or plasma fibrinogen.Conclusion.  We conclude that homocysteine may increase the risk of CVD mortality in middle‐aged men from Eastern Finland, and it may especially increase the risk when present with other risk factors for CVD.
Multimodal approach to rapid discharge after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Authors: Cruvinel M. G. C. , Duarte J. B. V. , Castro C. H. V. , Costa J. R. R. , Kux P. 
Published: February 2005

Background:  After a large experience (more than 10 years) with bilateral endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) surgery on an outpatient basis, we studied prospectively a multimodal approach to rapid discharge patients undergoing this procedure.Methods:  One hundred and seventeen consecutive patients, aged 13–60 years, ASA physical status I or II, undergoing outpatient ETS under general anaesthesia were enrolled in this study. All patients were managed using a predefined multimodal clinical care protocol consisting of a general balanced anaesthesia. Basic demographic information was collected from each patient. Duration of surgery and anaesthesia and times to PACU and home discharge were recorded as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications like nausea and vomiting.Results:  Surgery took 41.4 ± 22.1 min and anaesthesia lasted 63 ± 21.5 min. Time between induction of anaesthesia and beginning of surgery and end of surgery to extubation was 15.0 ± 2.0 and 7.2 ± 3.1 min, respectively. It took 4.9 ± 1.5 min from extubation to OR discharge. Time from PACU arrival to discharge was 12.8 ± 6.3 min. Time of hospital stay was 132 ± 18 min. No patient experienced vomiting and two had nausea, representing an incidence of 1.7%. The only anaesthetic cause for hospital admission was a severe allergic reaction.Conclusion:  Multimodal management to rapid discharge after ETS surgery did result in a short time to patient discharge. We confirm that endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy can be performed safely on an outpatient basis with brief postoperative hospital care and a low rate of complications.
Comparison of recovery properties of desflurane and sevoflurane according to gender differences
Authors: Tercan E. , Kotanoglu M. S. , Yildiz K. , Dogru K. , Boyaci A. 
Published: February 2005

Background:  The aim of this study was to investigate the recovery properties of desflurane and sevoflurane in patients undergoing elective surgery, according to the gender differences.Methods:  In the study, 160 ASA class I–II patients aged between 20 and 60 years were included. The patients were assigned into two groups according to their gender, and these groups were randomly divided into two groups according to a selected volatile anaesthetic agent. Intraoperative bispectral index, time of postoperative achievement for end‐tidal concentrations of volatile agents to decline 50% (ET‐AA%50), time for extubation, time for eye opening and orientation, and time for bispectral index values to reach control values were recorded. Aldrete scores and error points of a delayed memory recall test were determined.Results:  Desflurane groups had a shorter ET‐AA%50 time, extubation and eye‐opening time in male and female patients compared to the sevoflurane groups, and these results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In both the desflurane and sevoflurane groups, ET‐AA%50 time, extubation and eye‐opening time were shorter in male patients than in female patients, and these results were also statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the groups in terms of Aldrete scores and error points of delayed memory recall test (P > 0.05).Conclusion:  In conclusion, early recovery time was shorter in male patients compared to female patients in both the desflurane and sevoflurane groups. Additionally, in the desflurane groups it was shorter in the sevoflurane groups for both genders.
Bi‐level positive airway pressure ventilation reduces the oxygen cost of breathing in long‐standing post‐polio patients on invasive home mechanical ventilation
Authors: Barle H. , Söderberg P. , Haegerstrand C. , Markström A. 
Published: February 2005

Background:  Today, patients with chronic respiratory failure are commonly treated with non‐invasive bi‐level positive airway pressure ventilation, supporting spontaneous breathing. However, in conformity with previous clinical routine, many post‐polio patients with chronic respiratory failure are still treated with invasive (i.e. via a tracheostomy) controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of invasive bi‐level positive airway pressure ventilation on the work of breathing compared with that during the patients' ordinary CMV and spontaneous breathing without mechanical support.Methods:  Nine post‐polio patients on invasive (tracheostomy) nocturnal CMV were investigated. Work of breathing was analysed by assessing differences in oxygen consumption (VO2) using indirect calorimetry. Hereby, the oxygen cost of breathing during the various ventilatory modes could be estimated and related to one another. Data on energy expenditure were also obtained.Results:  The oxygen cost of breathing decreased by approximately 15% during bi‐level positive airway pressure ventilation compared with CMV and spontaneous breathing. There was no difference between predicted (Harris–Benedict equation) and measured energy expenditure.Conclusion:  Invasive bi‐level positive airway pressure ventilation reduces the oxygen cost of breathing in long‐standing tracheostomized post‐polio patients, compared with CMV. Furthermore, the Harris–Benedict equation provides a reasonable prediction of energy expenditure in this group of patients.
Change in anaesthetic practice for Caesarean section in Germany
Authors: Stamer U. M. , Wiese R. , Stüber F. , Wulf H. , Meuser T. 
Published: February 2005

Background:  Initial data from 1996 revealed that in contrast to several other countries general anaesthesia was the preferred anaesthetic technique for Caesarean section in Germany. However, anaesthetic practice for Caesarean section has changed during the last decades world‐wide. This investigation was performed to obtain more actual data on anaesthetic procedures in obstetric patients in German hospitals.Methods:  Questionnaires on the practice of anaesthesia for Caesarean section were mailed to 918 German departments of anaesthesiology. Furthermore, the survey evaluated severe perioperative complications in obstetric patients.Results:  The 397 completed replies in this survey represent 41.3% of all German deliveries in 2002. Spinal anaesthesia is now the most common technique (50.5%) for elective Caesarean section. In case of urgent and emergency Caesarean, delivery figures decrease to 34.6% and 4.8%, respectively. Epidural anaesthesia is performed in 21.6% of scheduled and 13.2% and 1.0% of non‐scheduled urgent or emergency Caesarean sections, respectively. Four maternal deaths and several non‐fatal episodes of gastric content aspiration were reported by the respondents.Conclusions:  Compared to data obtained 6 years ago a significant increase in regional anaesthesia for Caesarean section has developed, with spinal anaesthesia being the preferred technique. Surveys can help to initiate discussion and improve current practice of anaesthetic care.
Anaesthetic practice for groin hernia repair – A nation‐wide study in Denmark 1998–2003
Authors: Kehlet H. , Nielsen M. Bay 
Published: February 2005

Background:  Recent scientific data suggest that local infiltration anaesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery may be preferable compared to general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia, since it is cheaper and with less urinary morbidity. Regional anaesthesia may have specific side‐effects and is without documented advantages on morbidity in this small operation.Methods:  To describe the use of the three anaesthetic techniques for elective open groin hernia surgery in Denmark from January 1st 1998 to December 31st 2003, based on the Danish Hernia Database collaboration.Results:  In a total of 57,505 elective open operations 63.6% were performed in general anaesthesia, 18.3% in regional anaesthesia and 18.1% in local anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia was utilized with an increased rate in elderly and hospitalized patients. Outpatient surgery was most common with local infiltration anaesthesia.Conclusion:  Use/choice of anaesthesia for groin hernia repair is not in accordance with recent scientific data. Use of spinal anaesthesia should be reduced and increased use of local anaesthesia is recommended to enhance recovery and reduce costs.
Reduction of opioid‐related adverse events using opioid‐sparing analgesia with COX‐2 inhibitors lacks documentation: A systematic review
Authors: Rømsing J. , Møiniche S. , Mathiesen O. , Dahl J. B. 
Published: February 2005

Background:  We have reviewed opioid‐related adverse events in studies of opioid sparing with cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitors compared with placebo in postoperative pain.Methods:  Randomized, controlled trials were evaluated. Outcome measures were significant reduction in consumption of supplementary opioids with the COX‐2 inhibitors and reported opioid‐related adverse events (nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, sedation, pruritus and/or urinary retention) 0–24 h after surgery.Results:  Nineteen studies including 26 comparisons of four COX‐2 inhibitors (rofecoxib, celecoxib, parecoxib and valdecoxib) were evaluated, in which significant opioid‐sparing averaging about 35% with COX‐2 inhibitors and opioid‐related adverse events were reported. The trials were in general of high quality (median Oxford quality score 4) but the reporting quality of adverse events was poor. Opioid‐related adverse events, i.e. vomiting, constipation and pruritus, were only significantly reduced with COX‐2 inhibitors in four of the 26 comparisons. Quantitative analysis of combined data revealed a significantly reduced risk for only dizziness; the clinical relevance was minor as the number needed to treat (NNT) was about 33.Conclusion:  The limitation of this review is the lack of quality of data of adverse events from the original trials. Although supplementary opioid consumption in all trials was significantly reduced by on average 35% with the COX‐2 inhibitors, it was only sporadically possible to demonstrate a clinically important reduction in opioid‐related adverse events. Data did not support the common opinion that opioid‐sparing with COX‐2 inhibitors provides much clinical beneficial effect with respect to opioid‐related adverse events. Future studies have to increase the awareness and proper reporting of adverse events in the postoperative period.
Rapid evolutionary change in a secondary sexual character linked to climatic change
Authors: Møller A. P. , Szép T. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe ability of organisms to respond evolutionarily to rapid climatic change is poorly known. Secondary sexual characters show the potential for rapid evolutionary change, as evidenced by strong divergence among species and high evolvability. Here we show that the length of the outermost tail feathers of males of the socially monogamous barn swallowHirundo rustica, feathers that provide a mating advantage to males, has increased by more than 1 standard deviation during the period from 1984 to 2003. Barn swallows from the Danish population studied here migrate through the Iberian Peninsula to South Africa in fall, and return along the same route in spring. Environmental conditions on the spring staging grounds in Algeria, as indexed by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, predicted tail length and change in tail length across generations. However, conditions in the winter quarters and at the breeding grounds did not predict change in tail length. Environmental conditions in Algeria in spring showed a temporal deterioration during the study period, associated with a reduction in annual survival rate of male barn swallows. Phenotypic plasticity in tail length of males, estimated as the increase in tail length from the age of 1 to 2 years, decreased during the course of the study. Estimates of directional selection differentials for male tail length with respect to mating success, breeding date, fecundity, survival and total selection showed temporal variation, with the intensity of breeding date selection, survival selection and total selection declining during the study. Response to selection as estimated from the product of heritability and total selection was very similar to the observed temporal change in tail length. These findings provide evidence of rapid micro‐evolutionary change in a secondary sexual character during a very short time period, which is associated with a rapid change in environmental conditions.
Consequence of herbivory for the fitness cost of herbicide resistance: photosynthetic variation in the context of plant–herbivore interactions
Authors: Gassmann A. J. , Futuyma D. J. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe cost of adaptations may depend on environmental conditions. We consider how the fitness cost of resistance to the herbicide triazine in Amaranthus hybridus interacts with folivory from the beetle Disonycha glabrata. Triazine‐resistant (TR) genotypes suffer a fitness cost because of a pleiotropic reduction in the light reaction of photosynthesis, which in turn often leads to a reduction in photosynthetic rate. We found that the fitness cost of triazine resistance was 360% greater in the presence than absence of D. glabrata. This resulted from multiple phenotypic trade‐offs, with TR plants suffering greater herbivory and displaying a diminished tolerance of damage. Our work highlights the importance of incorporating appropriate ecological variation into the assessment of fitness trade‐offs. The results of this study also illustrate the potential for herbivores to impose selection on photosynthetic variation, and for variation in resource acquisition to obscure fitness costs.
Sex and immunity in the yellow dung fly Scathophaga stercoraria
Authors: Schwarzenbach G. A. , Hosken D. J. , Ward P. I. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe immune system is of increasing interest to evolutionary biologists. Immunity may trade‐off against other fitness components, with recent work suggesting reproduction in particular impinges on immune defence. There may also be sex differences in the immune system. Additionally, while life history traits typically have low heritability, little is known about additive genetic variance of immunity. An insect's major defence against multicellular pathogens is to encapsulate the invader. Phenoloxidase (PO) is a key enzyme in the cascade resulting in the melanized capsule, and is often used to estimate resistance to an immune insult. We examined the effects of copulation, egg laying, sex and age on PO in Scathophaga stercoraria. We also measured the heritability of PO activity. The sexes differed in haemolymph PO activity and PO was significantly affected by age, but not by copulation or egg laying. There was significant heritable variation for haemolymph PO.