bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal and psychological influences on performance anxiety in adolescent female volleyball players: a multi-approach study
Authors: Rossi Carlo , Amato Alessandra , Alesi Marianna , Alioto Anna , Schiera Gabriella , Drid Patrik , Messina Giulia , Pagliaro Andrea , Di Liegro Italia , Proia Patrizia 
Published: February 2024

Background
The neuroendocrine system has important implications for affiliation behavior among humans and can be used to assess the correlation between social relationships, stress, and health. This can be influenced by social closeness; this aspect is the closeness towards another individual or a group of individuals such as a sports team. Sports performance anxiety is considered an unpleasant emotional reaction composed of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. This motivates us to learn about the process that can influence the outcome of competition. Hormones and genetics would seem to influence outcome and performance. In this regard, many studies have focused on the exercise response as a function of ovarian hormones and it has been observed that progesterone is a hormone that plays a key role in reducing anxiety, and thus stress, in humans and other animals. On the other hand, high cortisol concentrations are known to contribute to increased anxiety levels. However, the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) enzyme has been suggested as marker of acute stress than cortisol. Genetics also seem to influence anxiety and stress management as in the case of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). Therefore, the study aims to investigate social closeness, as a measure of sports team cohesion that can influence athletes’ performance results, and its ability to influence the secretion of hormones, such as progesterone and cortisol, that affect the management of sports anxiety while also taking into account genetic background during a volleyball match.

Methods
Twenty-six female volleyball players who volunteered participated in this study (mean ± SD: age, 12.07 ± 0.7 years), and played in the final of the provincial volleyball championship in Palermo. All girls were during the ovarian cycle, in detail between the follicular and early ovulatory phases.

Results
The results showed a significant decrease in salivary cortisol only in the winning group (p < 0.039). In fact, whilst in the latter the pre-match level was 7.7 ng/ml and then decreased to 4.5 ng/ml after the match, in the losers group change was not statistically significant (7.8 ng/ml vs 6.6 ng/ml pre- and post-match). As to the sAA concentration, the winning team showed a statistically significant variation between pre- and post-match than the losers (166.01 ± 250 U/ml vs 291.59 ± 241 U/ml) (p = 0.01).

Conclusion
Analyzing the results of the SAS-2 psychological test it is highlighted that, on average, the loser group was more anxious than the winning group, and this contributed to the final result. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the state of the art that many factors can affect performance anxiety and thus the performance itself.
A retrospective cohort study of clinical characteristics and outcomes of type 2 diabetic patients with kidney disease
Authors: He Xi , Deng Yuanjun , Tian Beichen , Zhao Yixuan , Han Min , Cai Yang 
Published: February 2024

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a serious health threat and becomes a new challenge. T2DM patients with CKD fall into three categories, diabetic nephropathy (DN), non-diabetic kidney disease (NDKD), and diabetic nephropathy plus non-diabetic kidney disease (DN + NDKD), according to kidney biopsy. The purpose of our study was to compare the clinical characteristics and kidney outcomes of DN, NDKD, and DN + NDKD patients.

Methods
Data on clinical characteristics, pathological findings, and prognosis were collected from June 2016 to July 2022 in patients with previously diagnosed T2DM and confirmed DN and or NDKD by kidney biopsy at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. The endpoint was defined as kidney transplantation, dialysis, or a twofold increase in serum creatinine.

Results
In our 6-year retrospective cohort research, a total of 268 diabetic patients were admitted and categorized into three groups by kidney biopsy. The 268 patients were assigned to DN (n = 74), NDKD (n = 109), and DN + NDKD (n = 85) groups. The most frequent NDKD was membranous nephropathy (MN) (n = 45,41.28%). Hypertensive nephropathy was the most common subtype in the DN+NDKD group (n = 34,40%). A total of 34 patients (12.7%) reached the endpoint. The difference between the Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the DN, NDKD, and DN + NDKD groups was significant (p < 0.05). Multifactorial analysis showed that increased SBP [HR (95% CI): 1.018(1.002–1.035), p = 0.025], lower Hb [HR(95% CI): 0.979(0.961–0.997), p = 0.023], higher glycosylated hemoglobin [HR(95% CI): 1.338(1.080–1.658), p = 0.008] and reduced serum ALB [HR(95% CI): 0.952(0.910–0.996), p = 0.032] were risk factors for outcomes in the T2DM patients with CKD.

Conclusions
This research based on a Chinese cohort demonstrated that the risk of endpoint events differed among DN, NDKD, and DN+NDKD patients. In T2DM patients with CKD, DN patients displayed worse kidney prognosis than those with NDKD or DN + NDKD. Increased SBP, higher glycosylated hemoglobin, lower Hb, and decreased serum ALB may be correlated with adverse kidney outcomes in T2DM patients.
Maximizing Mustard Crop Yield: Unveiling the Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Brassica juncea L. var. M-27
Authors: Karbak Jomi , Doruk Kasinam , Kawak Bengia , Elavarasi P. , Sindhu G. Poovizhi , Ramamoorthy P. 
Published: February 2024

A field experiment was carried out during the rabi season 2021- 2022 at Himalayan University, Itanagar, Arunchal Pradesh to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of Mustard var.M-27. Yield attributing characters like fresh weight of silique, dry weight, number of silique per plot, length of silique per plant, and seed yield of mustard were found maximum in the application of vermicompost (T2 ) with a dose of 100% vermicompost. From the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the application of vermicompost could be the best source of mustard as compared to other sources for enhancing the yield of mustard.
Antiangiogenic Effects of Infliximab in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model
Authors: Duman Reşat , Vurmaz Ayhan 
Published: February 2024

Introduction: TNF-α plays a key role in initiating pathologic angiogenesis, however, literature on the effects of infliximab on angiogenesis is limited.
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effects of infliximab on angiogenesis in an in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.
Methods: The study was approved by the local ethics committee on animal experimentation. Thirty fertilized specific pathogen-free eggs were incubated and kept under appropriate temperature and humidity control. On the third day of the incubation, infliximab (1 µmol) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline in the first group, phosphate-buffered saline (negative control) (0.1 ml) in the second group, anti-VEGF (positive control) (1 µmol) in the third group were administered by injection. On the eighth day of incubation, the vascular structures of the CAMs were macroscopically examined, and standard digital photographs were taken. The digital images were analyzed, and data including mean vessel density, thickness, and number were compared between groups. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Angiogenesis was significantly reduced in the anti-VEGF and infliximab groups compared to the saline-only group. Vessel thickness, vessel number, and vessel density were significantly less in the infliximab and anti-VEGF groups compared to the saline-only group (p=0.034, 0.029, 0.024, respectively).
Conclusions: Infliximab showed promising antiangiogenic effects in the chick CAM model. Thus, infliximab could be a treatment agent in pathological processes in which angiogenesis is responsible. The antiangiogenic effect of infliximab could be due to the inhibition of various angiogenesis-related cytokines and adhesion molecules. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms.
Seismic Response of RCC Buildings on Hill Slopes with Step Back and Step Back - Set Back Configuration
Authors: Singh Rajendra , Sekhawat R. S. , Gupta Trilok 
Published: February 2024

Framed structures constructed on hill slopes have different structural behavior than those on flat ground due to the scarcity of flat land. As these buildings are unsymmetrical, they attract large amounts of shear forces and torsional moments, leading to unequal distribution due to varying column lengths. In this study, the dynamic response of hill buildings has been compared with step back and step back set back building without and with bracing at corner of the building in terms of maximum storey stiffness and storey displacement. Two different types of buildings have been modeled and analyzed using ETABS v 18.0 finite element code. A parametric study has been conducted, in which hill buildings are geometrically varied in height of the structure due to hill slope. All sixteen analytical models have been subjected to seismic forces along and across the hill slope direction and analyzed by using the Response Spectrum Method.
All 16 models were analysed using ETABS v18. Three dimensional space frame analysis is carried out for four different configurations such as step back buildings with bracings at corner of the building, step back buildings without bracings, step back and set back building with bracings at corner of the building, step back and set back building without bracings. The maximum storey stiffness and storey displacement for the step back and step back-setback buildings with and without bracing are at 15 ͦ and 30 ͦ, respectively, compare with bracing buildings, the value in step back & step back set back building drastically decreases, resulting in the stability of the building.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of polymers and polymer composites
Authors: Jezzard Peter , Wiggins Christopher J. , Carpnter T. Adrian , Hall Laurance D. , Jackson Peter , Clayden Nigel J. , Walton Nicholas J. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractSince its inception in the early 1970s, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging technique has developed to the point that it is now used as a routine clinical diagnostic tool in many hospitals. As a result, virtually all; research in NMR imaging was until recently directed towards mapping the water and lipid distribution contained in human soft tissue, and it is only within the last few years that a start., has been made in exploring the non‐medical applications of NMR imaging. In this review article we discuss some of the many applications of NMR imaging to studies of the production and evaluation of 'advanced materials', particularly polymers and polymer composites, and review some ofthe studies which have already been undertaken. It is hoped that this article will be read both by polymer scientists and engineers interested in this powerful new research tool for studying their materials, and also by those already involved in other aspects of NMR imaging who are seeking challenging new problems.
On the relation between charge‐storage capacity and π‐topology of different oligonaphthylenes
Authors: Anton Ute , Bohnen Angelika , Koch Karl‐Heinz , Naarmann Herbert , Räder Hans Joachim , Müllen Klaus 
Published: May 2005

The relationship between charge‐storage capacity and π‐topology in conjugated polymers needs to be understood in order to optimize polymer structuress for use in, for example, anodic electrodes in secondary lithium battery elements. Cyclic voltammetry has been used to study the redox behavior of conjugated oligomers related to that shown in the figure. magnified image
Interpenetrating organometallic polymer networks: Synthetic and morphological aspects
Authors: Corain Benedetto , Zecca Marco , Jeřàbek Karel , Lora Silvano , Palma Giancarlo 
Published: May 2005

A molecular composite representing a new way of dispersing metal centers on solid supports is reeported. Co‐polymerization of vinylferrocene with dimethyl‐acrylamide in the presence of a cross‐linker inside a polyacrylamide resin matrix results in an interpenetratiing organometallic polymer network based on the unit ssshown in the figure. magnified image
End‐capped oligothiophenes—new model compounds for polythiophenes
Authors: Bäuerle Peter 
Published: May 2005

New end‐capped oligothiophenes (see figure) have been synthesized via nickel‐catalyzed Grignard cross‐coupling reaction. Dueto the reactive positions in the terminal thiophene units being blocked it is possible to accurately characterize the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the materials. Estimation of the properties of an 'ideal' polythiophene consisting of 'infinite' chains can be made via extrapolation. magnified image
Metal dithiolene complexes for all‐optical switching devices
Authors: Oliver Stephen , Winter Christopher 
Published: May 2005

Optical data storage, transmission, and handling will require a means to carry out all‐optical switching of information if semiconductor‐based electronics are not to become a serious bottle‐neck for the technology. The various materials which aree being examined wiith a view of this application are reviewed are some recent progress made with metal dithiolene complexes (see figure) described. magnified image
Structure–property relationships determining the spontaneous polarization in FLC‐polymers
Authors: Poths Holger , Zentel Rudolf , Schönfeld Axel , Kremer Friedrich , Siemensmeyer Klaus 
Published: May 2005

Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) have great potential in the future development of high‐resolution displays. A key requirements for their application is an understanding of the relationship between the molecular structure of the liquid crystals and their spontaneous polarization (P8) which in turn influences the switching speed of the materials. Here, it is shown that bulky substituents, which hinder rotation about the long axis of the mesogens (see figure) lead to a higher P8. magnified image
Growth of cubic (100) SrTiO3 thin films by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using a novel titanium precursor
Authors: Holzschuh Helga , Suhr Harald 
Published: May 2005

Plasma‐enhanced CVD has been used, together with a new titanium precursor (see Figure), for the deposition of epiaxed (100) SrTiO3 thin films at a growth temperature of 500 ° C. In technical applications (100) SrTiO3 thin films have been found to be the ideal substrate for the growth “1‐2‐3‐” superconductors due to the perfect lattice match. The new precursor is easy to synthesize handle, and is stable against air and moisture. magnified image
Nonlinear optical materials for integrated optics: Telecommunications and sensors
Authors: Dorn Reimund , Baums Dieter , Kersten Peter , Regener Rolf 
Published: May 2005

AbstractThe status of advanced nonlinear optical materials is reviewed with regard to the requirements implied by their respective applications. Although many functions utilizing nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have been demonstrated in research laboratories, only a few components have found a place in real systems. While this is partly due to a lack of product development effort, the performance of the materials is not adequate in other cases. III–V based semiconductors show promise for a broad penetration of the field of signal processing for telecommunications and data processing. Linear and nonlinear optical polymers may be applied in assembly and interconnection and in small to medium sized switching matrices. As a prerequisite the anticipated performance has to be achieved, and stability to be demonstrated. Manufacturing maturity is approached by inorganic ferroelectrics, LINbO3being the most prominent example.
Synthesis and characterization of a tetra‐alkylated alpha‐conjugated duodecithiophene
Authors: Yassar Abderrahim , Delabauglise Didier , Hmyene Mohamed , Nessak Belkassem , Horowitz Gilles , Garnier Francis 
Published: May 2005

An understanding of the doping process in polythiophene is a step closer with the synthesis and characterization of tetradecylduodecithiophene (see figure), the longest oligomer of thiophene so far isolated, which is soluble and acts as an effectife model for the polymer. magnified image
Preparation of mixtures of silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride by the reaction of calcium silicide with ammonium chloride
Authors: Hofer Ferdinand , Veigl Walter , Hengge Edwin 
Published: May 2005

Silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride materials have great potential for high‐temperature, load‐bearing applications because of their high strength, high thermal shock resistance and good oxidation resistance. The subnitride (Si3N)n formed by the known reaction of CaSi2 with ammonium halides is shown here to react with nitrogen providing a new route to, for example, silicon nitride fibers (see figure). magnified image
Poly(glucose‐pyrrole) modified electrodes: A novel chiral electrode for enantioselective recognition
Authors: Moutet Jean‐Claude , Saintl‐Aman Eric , Tran‐Van François , Angibeaud Pierre , Utille Jean‐Pierre 
Published: May 2005

Chiral electrode materials possessing enantioselective recognition properties or capable of performing chiral electrosynthesis are of great potential interest. The synthesis of a chiral pyrrolic monomer (see figure) and the enantioselective properties of the modified electrode surface obtained upon its polymerization are reported. magnified image
Poly(isothianaphthene–bithiophefe): A new regularly structured polythiophene analogue
Authors: Lorcy Dominique , Cava Michael P. 
Published: May 2005

A new, low band‐gap polymer(see figure), a hybrid of polythiophene and polyisothianaphthene, has been synthesized. Current interest in the synthesis of low bandgap polymers is considerable in view of their potentially superior conductivity and nonlinear optical properties. The results complement well the independent analogous work reported by Bäuerle et al. in the following article.magnified image
Transformation of a kinetically prohibited mesophase of a linear polymer into an enantiotropic mesophase via cyclization
Authors: Percec Virgil , Kawasumi Masaya 
Published: May 2005

The synthesis of a novel family of liquid crystals, cyclic compounds without chain ends, raises a series of fundamental questions, since many technological applications of conventional rod‐like low molecular weight liquid crystals rely on teh chain ends for alignment. The figure shown the conformation of the cyclic tetramer in the nematic phase. magnified image
Containerless processing: A route to high‐purity materials
Authors: Nanko Makoto , Ishizaki Kozo 
Published: May 2005

Minimization of contamination is particularly important in the preparation of semiconductors and special glasses. A technique is presented in which contamination from the crucible during melting is avoided by suspending the material in high pressure gas. A particular application is the production of perfect spheres. The figure shows a perfect sphere of polyethylene formed by melting a cube like that on the left. magnified image
Advanced materials for GaAs Microwave Devices
Authors: Smith Robin S. , Eddison Ian G. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractA number of III–V compound semiconductors have higher electron mobilities and peak electron velocities than silicon. This makes these materials attractive for use in high‐frequency applications. However, the use of these materials was delayed for a number of years by the fact that, most of these compounds such as GaAs lack a stable native Oxide and display a large interface trap density at the junction with other materials. These problems were overcome in the early 1960s by the development of the MESFET (metal semiconductor FET) where the control electrode was formed; by a metal Schottky contact directly onto the GaAs surface. Early devices were fabricated in epitaxial conducting layers deposited, by for example vapor phase epitaxy, onto GaAs substrates. As the quality of these substrates improved, the conducting layers were formed by implantation of silicon ions directly into the substrate surface. The requirement for devices working at even higher frequencies has necessitated the move from implanted MESFETs to more complicated multi‐layer heterostructures, for devices such as HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors) and HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors), which can only be produced using epitaxial techniques. In this article the technique of ion‐implantation and molecular beam epitaxy are described together with a description of HEMTs and HBTs.
Plasma sprayed anti‐reflection coatings for microwave optical components
Authors: Osbond Paul 
Published: May 2005

Plasma spraying of anti‐reflection (AR) coatings onto high permittivity microwave ceramics is a very attractive novel technique for minimizing reflections from optical components. This technique should be able to supersede conventional solutions to the loss of power by reflections, such as the ‘moth‐eye’ AR surface (see Figure). Plasma spraying avoids the machining problems presented by the size and spacing of the protuberances required for ‘moth‐eye’ AR surfaces for microwave optical ceramic components. magnified image
Advances in negative Poisson's ratio materials
Authors: Lakes Roderic 
Published: May 2005

Solids that become fatter in cross‐section when stretched are rare, but do exist. How such materials—which have a negative Poisson's ratio—can be created with specific properties, the implications of these unusual properties, and recent advances are discussed. The Figure shows an example of a negative Poisson's ratio structure with mechanical isotropy in two dimensions: the laminate of Milton. magnified image
Electrorheological fluids — structure and dynamics
Authors: Halsey Thomas C. 
Published: May 2005

AbstractElectrorheological fluids are colloidal suspensions that solidify under the influence of electric fields, due to the fact that electric fields induce interactions between particles arising from either the dielectric or the conductivity response of the particles. These interactions are principally dipolar at long distances. However, because of the image forces induced by constant potential electrodes, the long range dipolar repulsion is suppressed. It follows that the ground state of the system consists of a macroscopic phase separation into regions of high and low particle concentrations. The mechanism by which the suspension approaches this phase separation may be strongly dependent on thermal fluctuations. In hydrodynamical flows, these suspensions behave as shear‐thinning “Bingham plastics”.
Poly(naphtho[2,3‐c]thiophene‐alt‐bithiophene): A novel low band gap polymer
Authors: Lakshmikantham M. V. , Lorcy Dominique , Scordilis‐Kelley Chariclea , Wu Xiang‐Li , Parakka James P. , Metzger Robert M. , Cava Michael P. 
Published: May 2005

A naphtho[2,3‐c]thiophene‐containing mixed polymer (Figure sows this unit) has been synthesized. Such materials have low band gaps and as a result are of interest for potential application in nonlinear optics. Synthetic details are presented and the propeties of the new material compared with those predicted on the basis of MNDO calculations. magnified image
Microporous inorganic membranes: Preparation, characterization and separation properties
Authors: Maier Wilhelm F. , Tilgner Ingo‐Carsten , Wiedorn Michael , Ko Hee‐Chan , Ziehfreund Andreas , Sell Rainer 
Published: May 2005

Inorganic membranes, which are chemically, thermally, and mechanically resistant and which can be thermally regenerated, offer a number of potential advantages over organic polymer membranes. Here, microporous silica, aluminia, titania, and zirconia (see Figure) membranes on commercially available supports are reported which exhibit remarkable separation behavior, far beyond the cutoff range of common ultrafiltration. magnified image