bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic study of ignition process of ammonia/n‐heptane fuel blends under engine conditions
Authors: Li Jingrui , Liu Xiuqing , Wang Hao , Xu Changchun , Wen Huabin , Shen Jianhua , Jing Haiguo , Liu Haifeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPilot‐ignited ammonia‐fueled engines have drawn more and more attention for low carbon emissions compared to traditional diesel engines. The ignition processes of NH3/NC7H16 mixtures under compression ignition engine‐like conditions are numerically investigated. By comparing the ignition delay times (IDTs) calculated by six ammonia mechanisms with experimental data, the Glarborg mechanism is selected. Then, the Glarborg mechanism and the Zhang detailed n‐heptane mechanism are merged into a new mechanism, which is adopted in the present study. Results show that the negative temperature coefficient behavior of the IDTs is only observed as the ammonia mass fraction is 70%. Only temperature has a significant effect on IDTs at all research conditions, and the effect of ammonia mass fraction is significant when the temperature is lower than 1000 K. However, the effects of equivalence ratio and pressure are small, especially at high temperatures, high equivalence ratios, and high pressures. Interestingly, the IDTs are categorized into three regions by temperature and ammonia mass fraction. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the sensitivity coefficients of most reactions associated with ammonia decrease with a decrease in ammonia mass fraction, whereas only R4210 is sensitive to ammonia mass fraction for n‐heptane‐related reactions. Rates of production and consumption (ROP) analyses indicate that the ammonia mass fraction mainly affects the ROPs of NC7H16, NH3, and NNH at low and medium temperatures, whereas the ammonia mass fraction affects the ROP of H2NO before the temperature of 2000 K. The ROPs of NC7H16, NH3, and NNH significantly increase with increasing temperature, whereas the ROP of H2NO slightly increases with increasing temperature. The increase of temperature in the early and middle stages is mainly contributed by the oxidation of n‐heptane, while the increase of temperature in the middle and late stages is mainly contributed by the oxidation of ammonia.
Comparison of the effects of five long‐term land use and management practices on runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient loss under natural rainfall in the Mollisol region of Northeast China
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Jizhen , Guo Mingming , Zhang Xingyi , Tian Jiayu , Zhou Pengchong , Chen Zhuoxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClarifying the effects of various land‐use and management practices on soil erosion and nutrient loss of sloping land can help optimize land use patterns and management strategies. This study assessed the effects of five long‐term land‐use and management practices on runoff, soil erosion, and nutrient losses. Field data from runoff plots established in 2006 in bare land (BL), natural vegetation restoration (NVR), no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) were used in two seasons of natural rainfall (from July to September in 2021 and 2022). The results indicated that the runoff depth (RD) was 84.1% and 43.2%–81.7% lower, the sediment yield (SY) was 99.9% and 96.9%–99.8% lower, the total nitrogen (TN) loss was 99.1% and 93.1%–98.6% lower, and the total phosphorous (TP) loss was 99.8% and 96.7%–99.7% lower in the NVR and three tillage practices, respectively than in the BL. The RD, SY, and nutrient losses were significantly lower in NT than in RT and CT. The TN loss in runoff contributed to 88.3% and 87.6% of the TN loss in the NVR and NT, respectively, whereas the TN loss in the sediment (TN‐SL) for BL accounted for 94.7% of the TN loss in BL. Meanwhile, most of the TP loss (56.1%–99.7%) was attributed to soil erosion rather than runoff in the five treatments. Furthermore, the effect of runoff and SY on nutrient losses differed significantly for the five land‐use and management practices. The effects of runoff and SY on the TP loss were negligible in the NVR and three tillage treatments. However, the effects on the TN loss were larger. Rainfall erosivity had the largest effect on runoff, SY, and nutrient loss in the five treatments. Our findings can help land managers to select sustainable measures to control soil and nutrient losses in sloped farmland in Northeast China.
Kinetic analysis of CO2 hydrate formation in the aqueous solutions of transition metal chlorides
Authors: Liu Fa‐Ping , Li Ai‐Rong , Wang Cheng , Ma Yu‐Ling 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCO2 hydrate technology can be applied to seawater desalination. However, the kinetics of CO2 hydrate formation were inhibited in the aqueous solution with inorganic salts, and the kinetic mechanism of CO2 hydrate formation for inorganic salts with different metal cations and anions was still unclear. In this work, CO2 hydrate nucleation and growth were studied in aqueous solutions of metal chlorides. Instead of Na+ and K+ ions, CO2 hydrate nucleation was promoted in the presence of Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions due to the co‐ordination bonds between transition metal ions and water molecules to enhance the formation of the critical crystal nuclei. The induction time was increased by 61.1% in aqueous solution with 0.32 mol/L NaCl, while it was shortened by 55.6% in FeCl3 aqueous solution at the same concentration of Cl− anions. In the process of CO2 hydrate growth, Cl− ions played a more important role than the metal ions in affecting the stability of CO2 hydrate cages. The gas storage capacity was reduced by 10.3% in the presence of NaCl, and was lower than that of other metal chlorides. Cl− anions were absorbed on the hydrate surface and involved in hydrate cages to inhibit the hydrate growth due to the hydrogen bonds between the Cl− ions and water molecules of the hydrate cages. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How do tasks impact the reliability of fMRI functional connectivity?
Authors: Rai Shefali , Graff Kirk , Tansey Ryann , Bray Signe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWhile there is growing interest in the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging‐functional connectivity (fMRI‐FC) for biomarker research, low measurement reliability of conventional acquisitions may limit applications. Factors known to impact FC reliability include scan length, head motion, signal properties, such as temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio (tSNR), and the acquisition state or task. As tasks impact signal in a region‐wise fashion, they likely impact FC reliability differently across the brain, making task an important decision in study design. Here, we use the densely sampled Midnight Scan Club (MSC) dataset, comprising 5 h of rest and 6 h of task fMRI data in 10 healthy adults, to investigate regional effects of tasks on FC reliability. We further considered how BOLD signal properties contributing to tSNR, that is, temporal mean signal (tMean) and temporal standard deviation (tSD), vary across the brain, associate with FC reliability, and are modulated by tasks. We found that, relative to rest, tasks enhanced FC reliability and increased tSD for specific task‐engaged regions. However, FC signal variability and reliability is broadly dampened during tasks outside task‐engaged regions. From our analyses, we observed signal variability was the strongest driver of FC reliability. Overall, our findings suggest that the choice of task can have an important impact on reliability and should be considered in relation to maximizing reliability in networks of interest as part of study design.
Characterization and classification of EEG signals evoked by different CAD models
Authors: Niu Hongwei , Hao Jia , Ming Zhiyuan , Yang Xiaonan , Wang Lu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed dramatic advancement in computer‐aided design (CAD). However, development of human–computer interfaces (HCI) for CAD have not kept up with these advances. Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer (WIMP) is still the mainly used interface for CAD applications which limits the naturalness and intuitiveness of the CAD modeling process. As a novel interface, Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) have great potential in the application of CAD modeling. Utilizing BCIs, the user can create CAD models just by thinking about it in principle, because BCIs provide an end‐to‐end interaction channel between users and CAD models. However, current related studies are mainly limited to the existing BCIs paradigms, while ignoring the relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and CAD models, which largely increases the cognitive load on the users. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential of using BCI to create CAD models directly independent of the classical BCIs paradigms. For this purpose, EEG signals evoked by six basic CAD models (i.e., point, square, trapezoid, line, triangle, and circle) were collected from 28 participants. After preprocessing and sub‐trial principal components analysis (st‐PCA) of recorded data, the peak, mean and time‐frequency energy features were extracted from EEG signals. By applying the one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance, we demonstrated that there were significant differences among these EEG features evoked by different CAD models. These features from EEG electrode channels ranked by mutual information were then used to train a discriminant classifier of genetic algorithm‐based support vector machine. The empirical result showed that this classifier can discriminate the CAD models with an average accuracy of about 72%, which turns out that EEG based model generation is feasible, and provides the technical and theoretical basis for building a novel BCI for CAD modeling.
Job crafting as retention strategy: An ethnographic account of the challenges faced in crafting new nursing roles in care practice
Authors: Felder Martijn , Kuijper Syb , Allen Davina , Bal Roland , Wallenburg Iris ,   RN2Blend consortium
Published: February 2024

AbstractNursing shortages in the global north are soaring. Of particular concern is the high turnover among bachelor‐trained nurses. Nurses tend to leave the profession shortly after graduating, often citing a lack of appreciation and voice in clinical and organisational decision‐making. Healthcare organisations seek to increase the sustainability of the nursing workforce by enhancing nursing roles and nurses' organisational positions. In the Netherlands, hospitals have introduced pilots in which nurses craft new roles. We followed two pilots ethnographically and examined how nurses and managers shaped new nursing roles and made sense of their (expected) impact on workforce resilience. Informed by the literature on professional ecologies and job crafting, we show how managers and nurses defined new roles by differentiating between training levels and the uptake of care‐related organisational responsibilities beyond the traditional nursing role. We also show how, when embedding such new roles, nurses needed to negotiate specific challenges associated with everyday nursing practice, manifested in distinct modes of organising, work rhythms, embodied expertise, socio‐material arrangements, interprofessional relationships, and conventions about what is considered important in nursing. We argue that our in‐depth case study provides a relational and socio‐material understanding of the organisational politics implicated in organising care work in the face of workforce shortages.
Comprehensive analysis of pain genes in prognosis of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and tumor immunotherapy: A comprehensive bioinformatic study
Authors: Zhuang Xiao‐Yu , Li Ming , Xu Da‐Ming , Lin Shu‐Bin , Yang Zheng‐Liang , Xu Teng‐Yu , Yin Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of pain genes (NAV1, EHMT2, SP1, SLC6A4, COMT, OPRM1, OPRD1, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) have not been reported previously in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) patients and thus we made a comprehensive analysis of pain genes in the prognosis of KIRC and tumor immunotherapy.MethodsIn this study, TCGA, Kaplan–Meier plotter, Metascape, STRING, Human Protein Atlas, Single Cell Expression Atlas database, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, MethSurv, CancerSEA, COSMIC database and R package (ggplot2, version 3.3.3) were used for comprehensive analysis of pain genes in KIRC. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were for co‐expression analysis. Immunotherapy and TISIDB database were used for tumor Immunotherapy.ResultsRepresentative pain genes (SP1, SLC6A4, COMT, OPRD1, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) in the prognosis of KIRC. Immunotherapy (anti‐PD‐1 therapy, anti‐PD‐L1 therapy, and anti‐CTLA4 therapy) and immunomodulator (immunoinhibitor, immunostimulator, and MHC molecule) in KIRC were significant associated with pain genes (SP1, SLC6A4, COMT, OPRD1, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4), which were the important addition to clinical decision making for patients.ConclusionsOur study uncovered a mechanism for the effect of pain genes on KIRC outcome via the modulation of associated co‐expression gene networks, gene variation, and tumor Immunotherapy.
Using a supplemental, multicomponent reading intervention to increase adolescent readers' achievement
Authors: Opatz Margaret Osgood , Kocherhans Sarah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effect of a supplemental, multicomponent reading intervention with 75 seventh graders who scored below grade level according to a battery of assessments. Students received a yearlong reading intervention during the 2021–2022 or 2022–2023 school year. Students' pretest and posttest data were compared to determine the impact of the reading intervention. Findings indicate that the reading intervention resulted in greater than typical improvement in reading ability, as students reading below grade level made more than a full year's growth in reading level. Implications for practice include the need for supplemental support for adolescent readers, which can mitigate the need for reading intervention that persists in secondary education.
Feasibility of Using Population Pharmacokinetics‐Based Virtual Control Groups in Organ Impairment Studies
Authors: Younis Islam R. , Wang Fan , Othman Ahmed A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis work aimed to assess the feasibility of using population pharmacokinetics (popPK) to generate virtual healthy control groups in organ impairment studies. Data from 11 organ impairment studies containing 18 organ impairment arms and 13 healthy control groups across 7 drugs were analyzed. Area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax) were calculated from popPK‐simulated individual concentration‐time profiles for participants in the healthy control groups, accounting for the participant's specific covariate(s) (N = 1000 replicates). The AUC and Cmax geometric mean ratios (GMRs; simulated healthy control/observed healthy control and observed organ impairment/simulated healthy control) were calculated. The simulated healthy control group geometric mean exposures were within 30% of the observed geometric mean exposures in 8 of the 11 studies (73%). The number of organ impairment arms for which the observed GMR (observed organ impairment/observed healthy control) and median of simulation‐based GMRs (observed organ impairment/simulated healthy control) for AUC and Cmax being within the same fold change were 12 (67%) and 13 (72%) arms, respectively. The number of organ impairment arms for which the median of simulation‐based AUC and Cmax GMRs were within the 90% confidence interval of the observed GMRs were 14 (72%) and 15 (83%), respectively. Poor concordance was observed for 1 drug (3 arms), where healthy participants' data were not incorporated in the popPK model. This work supports using popPK‐based virtual control groups in organ impairment studies. Subsequent work should aim to establish best practices for constructing popPK‐based virtual control groups.
Barriers to research among residents in oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Ho Annie H. , Sansevere Matthew J. , Chou Joli C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPurpose/objectivesResearch is an integral part of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residency training. This study aimed to identify the current barriers perceived by OMS residents toward conducting research during training.MethodsA cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study was conducted. The survey was distributed to 670 OMS residents across the United States in 2021 and consisted of questions regarding demographics, residency program requirements and resources, and perceived barriers to research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and post hoc Dunn's test with a statistical significance of P < 0.05.ResultsThe response rate was 24.2%. Most participants’ programs had a minimum research requirement to complete a residency (80%). The top three reported barriers to completing research were lack of time (84%), limited access to research mentors or supervisors (37%), and lack of access to biostatistical support (31%). Factors associated with these barriers included the lack of a research director, supervisor, mentor, assistant, or statistician. There was no significant difference between residents in programs with protected research time versus those without.ConclusionsOMS residents generally viewed research experience during residency as beneficial but reported important barriers, most notably: insufficient time. Although most OMS training programs in the US require research for completion, many do not provide adequate time to facilitate this process. Compared with literature from over a decade ago, it appears little progress has been made to remedy similar barriers to research. Addressing this deficiency may increase the quantity and quality of research, furthering the profession.
Effects of simulation‐based flipped classroom in developing head and neck examination skills in dental students
Authors: Fischer Kathleen M. , Sekula Michael N. , Hannigan Joseph D. , Vaught Randall L. , House Holly , De Souza Grace M. , Williams Tarin T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation‐based flipped classroom in developing dental students’ head and neck examination skills.MethodsSecond‐year dental students (n = 118) participated in a simulation‐based flipped classroom experience. A pre‐class recorded lecture and video were posted online one week before the simulation date. In class, students completed a pre‐quiz assessing pre‐class coursework understanding of head and neck examination content. Then, students attended a question‐and‐answer session before the patient simulation. A formative assessment of head and neck examination simulation on a patient in the clinic was completed. Lastly, students completed an in‐class post‐quiz assessing understanding of head and neck examination content after the simulation, classroom simulation discussion, and open‐response survey.ResultsStudent post‐quiz scores were significantly higher than pre‐quiz scores, with an average improvement of 4.8 ± 7.2 percentage points. There was no difference between male and female improvement in scores. Student survey responses indicated that students liked combining simulation and flipped classroom methodology, flexibility with their schedules, learning at their pace, and opportunities for a deeper level of learning. Students reported wanting more practice sessions for their technical skills and more accessibility to faculty.ConclusionsAccording to this study's results, students had significantly higher post‐quiz scores than pre‐quiz scores and reported positive perceptions of this combined teaching technique. A simulation‐based flipped classroom might be an effective teaching approach for developing head and neck examination skills that can be applied at other dental facilities with potentially similar results.
Depressive symptoms and their correlates among predoctoral dental students in the United States
Authors: Finkelman Matthew D. , Joseph Alex , Khoynezhad Shirin , Bordin Thaisa Barizan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of self‐reported depressive symptoms among predoctoral dental students in the United States and examine potential correlates.MethodsA survey was emailed to all 66 dental schools in the United States, inviting them to distribute it to their predoctoral students. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9. Data collection occurred from February to April 2020. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to assess associations between demographic variables and depressive symptom severity category, adjusting for potential confounding.ResultsOf an estimated 25,000 predoctoral dental students at the 66 schools, 631 students from 21 schools completed the survey. A total of 24.1% were categorized as having minimal or no depressive symptoms, 33.6% as having mild depressive symptoms, and 42.3% as having moderate, moderately severe, or severe depressive symptoms. Gender (p = 0.015) and race/ethnicity (p = 0.002) were significant predictors of severity, adjusting for other variables. Students identifying as female had higher odds of self‐reporting greater depressive severity symptoms compared with students identifying as male. Students identifying as African American/Black (non‐Hispanic) and Asian/Pacific Islander had higher odds of self‐reporting greater depressive severity symptoms compared with students identifying as White.ConclusionThere is evidence of a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among predoctoral dental students in the United States. Demographic variables may be risk indicators within this population. Approaches to reduce depressive symptoms among US predoctoral dental students are needed.
Apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, gut morphometrics, and gene expression of peptide and amino acid transporters in broiler chickens fed low‐crude‐protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids with soybean meal, canola meal, or corn DDGS as protein feedstuffs
Authors: Ajao Adeleye M , Olukosi Oluyinka A 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe investigated the impact of using canola meal (CM) or corn distillers dried grain soluble (cDDGS) in place of soybean meal (SBM) in low‐crude‐protein diets supplemented with amino acids (AA) on AA digestibility, gut morphometrics, and AA transporter genes in broiler chicken. On day 0, 540 Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to six diets in 36‐floor pens. The positive control (PC) was a corn‐SBM diet with adequate crude protein (CP). The CP level of negative control (NC) was decreased by 45 and 40 g kg−1 relative to PC for grower and finisher phases, respectively. The subsequent two diets had the same CP levels as NC but with cDDGS added at 50 or 125 g kg−1. The last two diets had the same CP as NC but with CM added at 50 or 100 g kg−1.RESULTSDietary CP reduction in corn‐SBM diets increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Lys (88.5%), Met (90.7%), Thr (77.4%), Cys (80.7%), and Gly (84.7%). Increasing levels of cDDGS linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Asp, Cys, Glu, and Ser, whereas increasing CM level linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of Cys, Pro, and Ser. The CP reduction in corn‐SBM diets produced downward expression of peptide transporter1 and decreased (P < 0.05) absolute pancreas and ileum weight and length of jejunum and ileum.CONCLUSIONSPartial replacement of SBM with alternative protein feedstuffs (cDDGS or CM) in low‐CP diets had minimal effects on AA digestibility and mRNA levels of peptides and AA transporters. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.