bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA SNHG14 activates autophagy via regulating miR-493-5p/Mef2c axis to alleviate osteoporosis progression
Authors: Xue Jingbo , Liu Lulu , Liu Hao , Li Zepeng 
Published: November 2023

AbstractOsteoporosis is a progressive bone disease caused by impaired function of endogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Herein, we investigated the mechanism of lncRNA SNHG14 in osteoporosis progression. BMSCs were isolated from BALB/c mice. The osteogenic ability of BMSCs was assessed by Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red S Staining (ARS) staining. The interaction between miR-493-5p and SNHG14 or myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (Mef2c) was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Bone histomorphometry changes were evaluated to analyze SNHG14’roles in osteoporosis in vivo. Our results illustrated SNHG14 and Mef2c levels were increased in a time-dependent manner in BMSCs, and miR-493-5p expression was decreased. SNHG14 knockdown inhibited osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and SNHG14 upregulation had the opposite effect. SNHG14 overexpression elevated bone mineral density and bone trabecular number, and alleviated osteoporosis progression in vivo. Mechanically, miR-493-5p was a target of SNHG14, and miR-493-5p targeted the Mef2c gene directly. SNHG14 overexpression reversed the inhibition of miR-493-5p on the osteogenic ability of BMSCs, and miR-493-5p silencing accelerated BMSCs osteogenesis by activating Mef2c-mediated autophagy to accelerate BMSCs osteogenesis. In short, SNHG14 activated autophagy via regulating miR-493-5p/Mef2c axis to alleviate osteoporosis progression, which might provide a new molecular target for osteoporosis treatment.
A quantum battery with quadratic driving
Authors: Downing Charles Andrew , Ukhtary Muhammad Shoufie 
Published: November 2023

AbstractQuantum batteries are energy storage devices built using quantum mechanical objects, which are developed with the aim of outperforming their classical counterparts. Proposing optimal designs of quantum batteries which are able to exploit quantum advantages requires balancing the competing demands for fast charging, durable storage and effective work extraction. Here we study theoretically a bipartite quantum battery model, composed of a driven charger connected to an energy holder, within two paradigmatic cases of a driven-dissipative open quantum system: linear driving and quadratic driving. The linear battery is governed by a single exceptional point which splits the response of the battery into two regimes, one of which induces a good amount of useful work. Quadratic driving leads to a squeezed quantum battery, which generates plentiful useful work near to critical points associated with dissipative phase transitions. Our theoretical results may be realized with parametric cavities or nonlinear circuits, potentially leading to the manifestation of a quantum battery exhibiting squeezing.
Application of Lasers in Vascular Anomalies
Authors: Patil Uddhav Anandrao 
Published: November 2023

AbstractLaser technology has significantly improved giving better results, which in turn has led to an increase in the indications for laser therapy. Vascular anomalies comprise vascular tumors and malformations. They are classified according to the type of vessels involved including arteries, capillaries, postcapillary venules, veins, lymphatic vessels, and a combination of two or more of these. Laser needs a chromophore to get absorbed and act. Hemoglobin, both oxy and deoxy, is one of the naturally occurring chromophore that is abundant in vascular lesions. Therefore, in most of the vascular lesions, lasers can bring improvement of a varying degree, while for superficial hemangiomas and port wine stain (PWS) laser treatment is now the standard of care. However, even though there is increase in the use of lasers in clinical practice, many surgeons are still unaware of its versatility and they are unsure about its safety. This article provides a brief overview of laser and intense pulsed light (IPL) technology, and describes the key principles in using these energy sources in vascular malformations. Readers are also familiarized with possible adverse effects and measures to prevent and treat them.
Inpatient Outcomes for Myocarditis-Related Heart Failure
Authors: Alabbas Mohammad , Gibson Cheryl , Morad Abdulrahman , Mohammad Alahmad Mohammad Alhoda 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations among adults, accounting for high rates of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Myocarditis is a less common etiology of HF, and its outcomes are less well understood.
Methods We used the Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2016 to 2019, extracting adult patients with a primary diagnosis of HF who were admitted between January and November of each year studied. We excluded patients with missing data on event time or length of stay. Inpatient outcomes were compared between cases of HF without myocarditis and myocarditis-associated HF (MAHF). Survey procedures were applied. Propensity scores as covariates were used in survey-weighted models to estimate the population average treatment effect on the treated using SAS 9.4.
Results We included 4,454,272 HF-related weighted admissions for which 4,605 patients (0.1%) had a concurrent diagnosis of myocarditis. Overall, patients with MAHF, compared with HF without myocarditis, were younger (mean age: 53 years vs. 72 years, p < 0.001) with fewer women (45 vs. 48%), respectively. Patients with MAHF had more inpatient complications including cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and use of mechanical circulatory support (p < 0.001) despite having fewer comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Patients with MAHF had longer mean lengths of stay (9.2 vs. 5.5 days, p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality during index admission was significantly higher in MAHF at 3.9% compared with 2.8% for HF without myocarditis (p < 0.001). Myocarditis was a key predictor of inpatient mortality adjusting for risk factors.
Conclusion Myocarditis-related HF is associated with increased inpatient mortality, resource utilization, and prolonged hospitalization.
Healthcare resource utilisation and economic burden of patients with adequate and inadequate responses to biological and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Kei , Kaneko Yuko , Tsujita Yuki , Kawaguchi Isao , Patel Jayeshkumar , Yamazaki Toru , Fang Siran , Kawahito Yutaka 
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective
To compare healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and direct costs between responders versus non-responders to advanced therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods
Patients initiating ≥1 advanced therapy (October 2018 − September 2019) with ≥1 RA claim (6-month pre-index period), ≥2 RA claims (any period), and ≥12 months follow-up were identified from the Medical Data Vision claims database. HCRU and all-cause and RA-related costs [direct medical, emergency department (ED), laboratory, and pharmacy] were compared between responders and non-responders. Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for HCRU or cost were calculated via multivariable analyses.

Results
Among 2446 patients [non-responders (n = 1817); responders (n = 629)], non-responders had significantly longer hospitalisation days [IRR: 1.8 (95% CI: 1.2 − 2.6)], and significantly more ED visits [2.5 (1.5 − 4.2)] and prescriptions [1.1 (1.1 − 1.2)]. Mean all-cause hospital/outpatient medical costs were significantly higher for non-responders [1.4 (1.3 − 1.6), ¥530,895 versus ¥357,009 ($3992 versus $2684) for responders; ¥173,886 ($1307) difference]; RA-related medical costs showed a similar trend [¥351,306 vs ¥253,030 ($2641 vs $1902); ¥98,276 ($739) difference]. No differences between responders and non-responders were observed in mean all-cause and RA-related pharmacy costs.

Conclusions
Non-responders to advanced therapies had greater HCRU and all-cause/RA-related direct costs as compared with responders, suggesting a need for more effective RA therapies to reduce the economic burden associated with non-response.
Introduction
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The aim of this book is to examine the bases of national identity, in the hope of discovering some of the reasons for the widespread persistence of national identities in the modern world. Such an undertaking may seem to be increasingly dated and paradoxical. As we are so often told, we have already entered into a ‘post-national’ epoch.1 The boundaries of nations have become increasingly porous and the loyalties of populations are being transferred to supranational-or to subnational-collectivises. Technologies, currencies, goods, services, and people flow across boundaries with increasing speed and ease. Mass electronic communications and digital technology bind people, and peoples, together in ways that are wholly unprecedented, and that make the old national loyalties seem naive and even bizarre. We have entered a new world of global outlooks, mass migrations, and continental associations, in which power and identity accrue only to the largest of communities commanding vast resources and offering unimagined benefits. In such a world, nationalism is, in the words of Eric Hobsbawm, at most a complicating factor, or a catalyst for other developments: ‘Nations and nationalism will be present in this history, but in subordinate, and often rather minor roles’ (Hobsbawm 1990: 181, 182). But this may be only one side of a more complex picture. For, if this were all there was to it, why do we see so many
Nationalism and Religion
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
It is usual to see in nationalism a modern, secular ideology that replaces the religious systems found in premodern, traditional societies. In this view, ‘religion’ and ‘nationalism’ figure as two terms in the conventional distinction between tradition and modernity, and in an evolutionary framework that sees an inevitable movement whether liberating or destructive-from the one to the other. Perhaps the most trenchant and penetrating statement of this position was provided by Elie Kedourie in a book entitled simply Nationalism(1960). Here Kedourie set out to show how a new doctrine of political change, propounded by German philosophers at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had subverted and destroyed the old, traditional order in Europe, which had been based upon the ideas of hierarchy, the sacred, and the separation of the public and private domains. For Kedourie, nationalism was a spiritual child of the Enlightenment. As such it was a modern, secular, European, and invented ideology. It proclaimed the overthrow of God and the power of man as the measure of all things; and it offered a purely terrestrial and anthropocentric vision of perfection in place of earlier religious and other-worldly conceptions.
Missionary Peoples
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Covenanted peoples tend to turn inwards, away from the profane world in their dedication to, and witness of, the true faith and the sacred duty of obedience to God’s commands. Missionary peoples are equally dedicated to what they see as the true faith and the word of God, but they seek to expand into and transform the world, by example, persuasion, or force, or a combination of these. Typically, we find their leaders and their dominant elites and institutions bent on entering and converting the profane or heathen world-through missionary activities, or conquest. Through such transforming acts, the true nature of the communities they lead are revealed, for the sacred task entrusted to them by the deity is both in and of this world, their goal being nothing less than the submission of the profane world to the deity and its sanctification through the salvation of souls. Of course, the distinction between missionary and covenanted peoples is one of degree only. We know that the ancient Judahites sought to convert the Edomites through conquest by the Hasmoneans, and that the Solomonic dynasty of medieval Ethiopia was equally dedicated to the conquest and conversion of neighbouring heathen peoples to the true Monophysite faith. Indeed, at different periods of their history,
Ethnohistory and the Golden Age
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If nations exist in space, they are equally anchored in time. History, a sense of history, and an ethnic past or pasts, have all been habitually deemed to be either defining characteristics or causal factors in the formation of nations-by nationalists, certainly, but also by other members of the nations concerned, and by many analysts. Thus, David Miller, who favours a ‘civic’ version of the nation, nevertheless includes the temporal element in his definition of ‘nationality’ as ‘a community (I) constituted by shared belief and mutual commitment, ( 2) extended in time, (3) active in character, ( 4) connected to a particular territory, and ( 5) marked off from other communities by its distinct public culture’ (Miller I995: 27). For Walker Connor, too, the idea of the nation assumes a temporal dimension. The nation, he writes, ‘is a group of people who feel that they are ancestrally related’ (Connor I994: 202). Even Benedict Anderson, for whom the nation is an imagined political community, and imagined as sovereign, finite, and horizontally cross-class, regards the temporal dimension as crucial, even if it is not part of his definition of the concept. Nations are imagined as moving in linear fashion through ‘empty, homogeneous time’, and therefore they could not be imagined without the revolution in our concept of time that accompanied the rise of ‘print-capitalism’ (Anderson I99I: 23-4).
Nationalism and Golden Ages
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
If golden ages can be found among peoples before the era of nationalism, they become a sine qua non for modern nationalists. Not only is a golden age a vital component of nationalist mythology; it is indispensable to an understanding of national ‘character’. Without a golden age, it would be difficult, if not impossible, to discover the ‘true self’ of the people. For many peoples, there were ample records to hand. Documents and artefacts and oral traditions could be used by nationalist movements, under the influence of Romanticism, to seek and recover a golden age for the designated nation, and to draw from it the moral lessons needed to mobilize and unify the people. Even peoples with few records and uncertain traditions embarked on the quest for an age of heroism and creativity, in the belief that its discovery and recovery would unlock the secrets of their ‘true self’ and help it to become a fully-fledged nation-in their own eyes, as well as those of outsiders. So we find Ukrainians and Belarusians sifting through the records of their pasts, and treating legends and traditions as history or at least as an approximation to the ‘truth’ of their pasts, even when the patrimony was contested. This was the case with Kievan Rus’, claimed by the Ukrainians as exclusively their golden age, but also by the Russians as the first of their golden ages.
The Glorious Dead
Authors: Smith Anthony D 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The drama of the nation has three climactic moments, each of them glorious: its golden age, its ultimate national destiny, and the sacrifice of its members. But, since the ultimate destiny of the nation can never be known, though many may hope to divine it, all we can be sure of is that it will come about only through the commitment and self-sacrifice of its members, and that is what the nation must continually uphold, remember, and celebrate. What we might term ‘destiny through sacrifice’, therefore, forms the final sacred foundation of national identity, at once seen and unseen, actively cultivated, and a silent presence. At the outset, we must be clear that it is not so much the actions of those held to have made a sacrifice that concerns us, as the memory and report of those actions. In this context, public memory and report are more important than private, though the two often overlap and reinforce each other, at least as far as their expression is concerned. Grief, like hope and defiance, may start in the privacy of individuals’ hearts, but its overt expression, outside the immediate family, becomes a form of public communication, a generalized language of mourning and celebration whose sentiments and messages are standard, if not universal, beneath the variety of national forms.
How Evolution and Ethics Might be Related
Authors: Rachels James 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
THE history of thought since Darwin has produced two noteworthy attempts to connect evolution and ethics: the first was the programme of ‘evolutionary ethics’ championed by Herbert Spencer; the second is the more recent proposal by some sociobiologists to reinterpret morality along lines suggested by their new science. In this chapter I will begin by reviewing these two projects, neither of which seems especially promising. Then I will describe a different and perhaps more profitable line of enquiry.
A few months after publication of the Origin, Darwin wrote to Lyell, with obvious amusement: ‘I have noted in a Manchester newspaper a rather good squib, showing that I have proved “might is right” and therefore Napoleon is right and every cheating tradesman is also right.’ The Manchester editorialist thought this was a reason for rejecting Darwinism—obviously, a theory with such implications should not be accepted. Others, however, would soon take a different view. They would accept Darwin’s theory, and conclude that the morality of ruthlessness was a good lesson to be learned from it.
The Early History of Children’s Literature
Authors: Hunt Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
When F. J. Harvey Darton wrote the ‘first assault’ on the history of children’s books, he began with a definition: ‘By “children’s books” I mean printed works produced ostensibly to give children pleasure, and not primarily to teach them, nor solely to make them good, nor to keep them profitably quiet,’ and so he intended only to mention didactic works that ‘gave much latitude to amusement’ ‘ That Darton had anything to write about at all demonstrates how liberal he was in interpreting amusement in terms of pre-eighteenth-century childhood.
Equal Terms: 1940 to the Present
Authors: Hunt Peter 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The last fifty years have seen children’s literature established as a major commercial area of publishing. Since economic stability was restored in the 1950s, children’s books have weathered the economic storms at least as well as their adult counterparts. Four things have been very noticeable: the first, the move into fantasy in the 1950s and 1960s, and, since then, a swing towards a ‘new realism’: streetwise, multiracial literature, often written from the ‘inside’. The second has been the spectacular growth of high-quality picture-books (under virtually any definition).
Pregnant women and smoking
Authors: Wald Nicholas , Nicolaides-Bouman Ans 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This section provides a summary of the smoking habits among pregnant women found in the major British surveys conducted between 1959 and 1989. The percentage of women who stopped smoking at some point during the pregnancy ranged from 6 to 9 per cent, or between 13 and 24 per cent of smokers. For most studies the percentage of women who smoke before pregnancy was comparable to the percentage of women who smoke as reported by the TAC or GHS for the relevant age group and the year in which the data was collected.
Principles of Exposure Measurement in Epidemiology
Authors: Armstrong Bruce k. , White Emily , Saracci Rodolfo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The objective of much epidemiological research is to relate exposure to external agents to the occurrence of particular diseases. The achievement of this objective depends critically on accurate measurement of exposure. This book brings together for the first time in a single volume the principles and techniques of exposure measurement as they relate specifically to causes of non-infectious diseases. In doing so, it draws on experience and results from a number of disciplines including psychology, survey research, sociology, environmental hygiene, epidemiology, and biostatistics, and synthesizes them for direct practical application in epidemiological and related research. The book covers questionnaire design, conducting personal interviews, abstracting information from medical records, use of proxy respondents, and use of biological and environmental measurements. It gives a comprehensive account of measurement effects, and the design, analysis, and interpretation of validity and reliability studies. Emphasis is given to the ways in which the validity of measurements can be increased. Techniques to maximize participation of subjects in epidemiological studies are discussed, and ethical issues relevant to exposure measurement are outlined. The book will be useful as a handbook for anyone wishing to design or conduct an epidemiological study and can also be used as the text for a graduate course in exposure measurement in epidemiology.
Ethical issues
Authors: Armstrong Bruce k. , White Emily , Saracci Rodolfo 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ethics are rules or principles that govern right conduct. In the research context, ‘right conduct’ may be defined in terms of what is right for science, what is right for the subjects of the research, or what is right for society at large. Ethics based on social benefit and scientific merit are potentially in conflict with ethics that protect the rights of research subjects. A highly informative and therefore socially valuable investigation which is conducted according to sound scientific principles may carry unacceptable hazards to the subjects. Removal of the hazards may render the investigation less satisfactory, or even worthless scientifically, and therefore less useful, or even useless, socially. Resolution of this conflict between ethics will almost always involve compromise and lead to a result which is less than wholly desirable when measured against some scale of values.
Monitoring and record keeping
Authors: Olsen Jørn , Merletti Franco , Snashall David , Vuylsteek Karel 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Epidemiology has an important role to play in occupational medicine, but there are limitations to epidemiological studies. In studying the effect of occupational exposure on the health of the workers you look at those events which you would want to have prevented. On the other hand, not all effects on health can be foreseen and no matter how cautious you are, some exposures or some combination of exposures will turn out to be dangerous for the health of workers. When that happens, they should be detected as soon as possible in order to reduce the damage to a minimum. Epidemiology has a role to play in this process. It is unsatisfactory that occupational causes of diseases are often recognized in a haphazard way. Too many dangerous chemicals had been around for too many years before anyone studied what happened to the exposed. This is where the idea of monitoring comes in.