bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent validity of the CIQ for assessing social frailty among community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Koyama Shingo , Suzuki Mizue , Kawamura Kohei , Kunieda Yota 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background/Purpose: The community integration questionnaire (CIQ) is one of the assessment tools used to evaluate the state of social participation. We aimed to determine whether or not the CIQ can estimate social frailty status defined by the social frailty screening index in community-dwelling older adults.
Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in community-dwelling older adults aged 65 and above. We investigated the CIQ, and social frailty using the social frailty screening index. To assess the relationship between social frailty and the CIQ, we performed a partial correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristics curves.
Results: One hundred and ninety-four participants were enrolled (mean age [standard deviation] was 76.3 [5.5] years). A partial correlation analysis showed that family integration (r = 0.189) had a low positive correlation with the social frailty score. Social integration (r = −0.209), productivity (r = −0.417), the CIQ total score (r = −0.204), and the combination of social integration and productivity (r= −0.403) had a low to moderate positive correlation with the social frailty score. The cutoff values for estimating social frailty were 6/7 (AUC: 0.560) for home integration, 6/7 (AUC: 0.633) for social integration, 2/3 (AUC: 0.709) for productivity, 18/19 (AUC: 0.629) for the CIQ total score, and 11/12 (AUC: 0.721) for the combination of social integration and productivity.
Conclusion and implications: These results suggest that the CIQ is a useful tool associated with social frailty.
PreAFTrack: Multi-Object Tracking Based on Adaptive Feature Matching from Detection Results
Authors: Zhang Mandun , Hou Chenyue , Pang Yonghui , Shi Jiale , Zhang Yiqi , Huang Xiangsheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Most two-stage detection and tracking methods currently adopt IoU distance and appearance features when matching target detection results with trajectory predictions. However, this approach has shortcomings in two main aspects: 1. The selection of feature extraction networks often relies on established methods, such as Re-ID-related methods, which are typically complex and significantly slow down algorithm processing speed. 2. Feature extraction networks lack consistency when extracting single-frame features, leading to difficulties in matching incomplete objects with previous features when occlusions occur, resulting in incorrect updates of target identities. To address these limitations, this study introduces a lightweight feature extraction network that combines current target features with preceding information for fusion. This network enhances data processing speed while obtaining smooth object features with temporal coherence. Moreover, considering variations in feature granularity among different targets, various feature matching approaches are employed to handle detection boxes under different conditions, maximizing information efficiency and conserving computational resources. An adaptive multi-feature extraction method is also proposed to accommodate diverse requirements across different scenarios. The matching strategy developed allows the tracker to serve as a universal and practical solution for various tracking scenarios within a unified framework, eliminating the need for manual parameter tuning. The effectiveness of PreAFTrack is demonstrated through comprehensive evaluations on three major MOT datasets: MOT17, MOT20, and DanceTrack.
Bridging Known and Unknown Dynamics: Machine Learning Inference From Sparse Observations
Authors: Lai Ying-Cheng , Zhai Zheng-Meng , Huang Jun-Yin , Stern Benjamin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In applications, an anticipated issue is where the system of interest has never been encountered before and sparse observations can be made only once. Can the dynamics be faithfully reconstructed? We address this challenge by developing a hybrid transformer and reservoir-computing scheme. The transformer is trained without using data from the target system, but with essentially unlimited synthetic data from known chaotic systems. The trained transformer is then tested with the sparse data from the target system, and its output is further fed into a reservoir computer for predicting its long-term dynamics or the attractor. The power of the proposed hybrid machine-learning framework is demonstrated using various prototypical nonlinear systems, where the dynamics can be faithfully reconstructed even with 80% sparsity. The framework provides a paradigm of reconstructing complex and nonlinear dynamics in the extreme situation where training data do not exist and the observations are random and sparse.
The Hidden Risks of Cervical Cancer Screening: When Negative Cotesting May Not Be Enough
Authors: AKTAŞ Özgür , BULUTLAR Eralp , Denizli Ayşe Betül Albayrak , GİRAY Burak , KOCAKUŞAK Canan KABACA 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
According to the 2019 ASCCP (American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology) guideline, the immediate and 5-year risks of CIN-3+ (CIN-3 or cancer) for women with unknown HPV results or with current negative HPV-DNA and Pap smear results are 0.01% and 0.12%, respectively. Cotesting is therefore recommended after 5 years. However, if the samples were taken without adequate anamnesis or reliable naked eye cervical examination during screening, are these risks still low? On another note, could self-sampling screening be a methodological trap? Our aim is to determine the immediate CIN3 + risk in patient groups whose previous HPV history is unknown, whose current cotest result is negative, and who have abnormal cervical appearance (erosion, increased vascularity, etc.) on naked eye examination or a history of postcoital bleeding.
Methods
Patients who underwent colposcopy biopsy at Zeynep Kamil Women and Children Diseases Education and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences between January 2016 and December 2018 and whose cotest results were negative were examined. Patients with known previous HPV test results, history of colposcopy or excisional procedure were excluded. All biopsies were reported by gynecopathologists. IBM SPSS version 25 program was used for statistical analysis.
Results
Of the 112 patients included in the study, 36.6% had contact bleeding (postcoital bleeding) in their anamnesis, and 63.4% underwent colposcopic examination due to abnormal cervical appearance on naked eye examination. Of the colposcopic biopsies, CIN1 was reported in 13.4%, CIN3 in 0.9%, and invasive cancer in 0.9%. In the statistical analysis of the groups with CIN3 + and ≤ CIN1 lesions, no difference was found regarding age, menopausal status, colposcopy indications, and findings. In total, the risk of immediate CIN3 + lesions was calculated as 1.8%. When asymptomatic (abnormal cervical appearance) and symptomatic (contact bleeding) groups were evaluated separately, the risk of CIN3 + lesions was 2.8% and 0.0%, respectively.
Conclusion
Even when cervical specimens from patients with an unknown previous HPV test result and a negative current cotest result are obtained without reliable naked-eye examination (e.g., self-sampling screening), the immediate risk of CIN3 + would not exceed the 4% threshold for requiring a colposcopy examination specified in the new guideline. However, it would be more appropriate to recommend a cotest to this patient group after 1 year instead of 5 years.
Hafez, a Secure E-Voting System Based on Simorgh Communication System
Authors: MIrzaei Ebad , Dehkordi Massoud Hadian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Electronic voting (e-voting) is an electronic concept for casting and counting ballots.This process is a practical and efficient method of voting and is capableof safely handling large data in real-time. However, there is a growing concernregarding network security and connection privacy in the e-voting process. Creatingan e-voting system that can simultaneously guarantee anonymity, verifiability,and transparency is a challenging and complicated task. Recently, considerableefforts have been made to design blockchain-based e-voting systems. Blockchainallows designing a new generation of software capable of storing data in a safeand transparent manner. The primary challenge of blockchain-based e-votingsystems is maintaining the anonymity of users. It is also a challenging issue tosimultaneously create coercion-resistance, end-to-end verifiability and soundnessproperties in an e-voting system. Simorgh [1] is a safe communication systembased on blockchain. Simorgh uses smart contracts and mediator authenticationnodes (a decentralized concept) to create a safe connection between the senderand the receiver. Here, we introduce Hafez∗e-voting system, which is based onthe communication structure of Simorgh and designed according to the capabilitiesof blockchain technology. Hafez has all the features required for an e-votingsystem and can play the role of a suitable alternative to traditional e-voting.
RETRACTED: Evaluating the Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Thymus vulgaris Extracts: In Vitro Assessment of Solvent Effects on 5-LOX Inhibition and In Silico Analysis of Bioactive Compounds Interacting with COX Enzymes
Authors: Boutalaka Meryem , Bahi Salma El , Maghat Hamid , Lakhlifi Tahar , Bouachrine Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
The potential role of non-classical monocytes in preventing malarial parasitemic recurrence in a mouse model
Authors: Fang Jiaqin , Chen Suilin , Gao Yuanli , Fan Yongling , Guo Shuai , Li Xiuxiu , Li Hangyu , Zhou Jian , Xu Wenyue , Liu Taiping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Frequent recurrence is responsible for persistent Plasmodium infection after the acute stage. Our previous study demonstrated that phagocytic cells are essential for controlling Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS (P. chabaudi) recurrence. Nevertheless, the specific type of phagocytic cells involved in controlling P. chabaudi recurrence, as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms of action, remain elusive.
Methods
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was employed to analyze splenic phagocytic cells during both the acute and recurrent phases of P. chabaudi infection. The frequencies of red pulp macrophages (RPMs), classical monocytes (CMs), and non-classical monocytes (NCMs) were detected by flow cytometry. Low-dose clodronate liposomes (CLs) and CCR2−/− mice were used to investigate the protective role and origin of NCMs.
Results
Using scRNA-seq, we found that NCMs declined during the acute stage of P. chabaudi blood-stage infection, and then expanded rapidly in the recurrence stage. The changing trend of NCMs was confirmed by flow cytometry. To explore the potential role of NCMs in controlling parasitemic recurrence, NCMs were reduced by a low-dose of CLs during the recurrence stage, which significantly elevated the P. chabaudi parasitemia. Additionally, no significant difference in the proportion of splenic NCMs or CMs within the monocyte population was observed between the infected CCR2−/− mice and their control littermates, suggesting that the transition from CMs to NCMs may not occur in this model.
Conclusions
In summary, our results indicate that NCMs potentially play a protective role in preventing malarial parasitemic recurrence, offering valuable insights into immune-based interventions against Plasmodium infection and potentially contributing to the prevention of malaria transmission.
Economic And Environmental Sustainability In Silvofishery Of Mangrove Ecosystem In Ogan Komering Ilir Protected Forest, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Utomo Budi , Sumarmi Sumarmi , Utaya Sugeng , Bachri Syamsul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The Ogan Komering Ilir Protected Forest (OKIPF) area in South Sumatra, Indonesia, has experienced significant degradation due to land conversion into ponds, which has hurt the mangrove ecosystem and the socioeconomic life of the local community. Silvofishery is implemented to curb the rate of illegal conversion while improving the welfare of the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the impact of silvofishery implementation on economic sustainability and the sustainability of mangrove forests. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach, which was conducted by the survey. The subjects of the economic sustainability study were Pond farmers, The head of the farmer group, The head of the KPH, The Head of the BPDAS HL, and The Social Forestry Facilitator. At the same time, The Object of the study is the sustainability of the mangrove environment, vegetation, and species with high economic value. At the same time, they were sampling vegetation and species with high economic value using a 100–200 meter transect perpendicular to the coastline. The sample was selected purposively, with as many as 65 respondents. Data collection was carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews. Data analysis used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to evaluate the ecological conditions of the mangrove forest. Analysis of income, revenue-cost ratio, break-even point, net present value, net benefit-cost ratio, and internal rate of return to assess the economic sustainability of silvofishery. Percentage analysis and poverty threshold to determine the welfare of pond farmers. The study results indicate that the silvofishery system contributes to the restoration of the mangrove ecosystem and increased biodiversity. The economic sustainability of the silvofishery system is seen in the increase in farmer income and the feasibility of long-term investment and strengthened one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the difference between traditional ponds and silvofishery system ponds. The study results show that silvofishery can improve the welfare of pond farmers. Implementing the silvofishery system offers a promising solution to overcome the dilemma between short-term economic needs and long-term ecological sustainability. The practice of silvofishery system cultivation can bring economic and environmental benefits simultaneously. This study introduces a new perspective by showing the integrated benefits of the silvofishery system. It recommends stakeholder commitment and cooperation to promote the silvofishery system as a sustainable cultivation model.
Formation of Heterostructured Silicon Thick Films in Atmospheric-Pressure Very High-Frequency Plasma Toward the Application to Lithium Ion Battery Anode
Authors: Hamzens Afif , Mochizuki Shota , Naufal Farrel Dzaudan , Hiromoto Koki , Ohmi Hiromasa , Kakiuchi Hiroaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The superiority of silicon (Si) film performance as anode material in the rechargeable battery technologies is tormented by the huge volume expansion during cycle. The combined structure of a microcrystalline Si with high porous/defect density and an isotropic amorphous Si has been proposed as a feasible solution. Our own deposition process using atmospheric-pressure (AP) plasma excited by very high-frequency (VHF) power has managed to create a non-composite Si film with gradient phase along thickness direction. This work investigates the formation of heterostructured Si thick film and its capability toward the application to the Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) anode. It is highly indicated that a slower gas flow rate and/or a larger power input cause the nanoparticle formation in the AP-VHF plasma to occur more actively, which significantly influenced the development of a crystalline layer with a high density of grain boundaries. The promising electrochemical performance imply a great potential of heterostructured Si as LIBs anode.
A New Approach to Balance the Chemical Reaction Equations by Applying Gauss,Gauss-Jordan Methods and Cramer’s Rule and Verification of the Same by Computational Programming Softwares
Authors: Choudhary Majid Ali , Khan Md Ajmal , Arifuddin Mohammed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

This study is undertaken to balance the chemical reaction, i.e., combustion of hydrocarbons, by using a system of linear equations with the Gauss and Gauss-Jordan elimination method and Cramer’s Rule. It was earlier reported that these reactions are not possible to balance mathematically. The results of the present study show that these reactions can be balanced by using the linear equations protocol. Furthermore, the results of the present study were verified by using various computational programming tools or software, such as MATLAB, Python (Jupyter Notebook), and Lindo. The above methods are also applied to get the various hydrocarbon combustion reactions to prove the generality of the present study. Thus, it is anticipated that the present study results will open a gateway in the area of balancing chemical reactions by using mathematical protocols 1 and their computational counterparts, and in the future, it may be possible to mathematically handle any chemical reaction with given reactants and products.
MSC Classification: 15A06 , 15A52 , 15A12 , 65F05 , 65F3
Political Trust in Italy: How Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors Shape Confidence in Parties
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Drago Carlo , Costantiello Alberto , Leogrande Angelo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The current study addresses political party trust and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle application in Italian regions. Trust in political parties is a principal driving force in governance performance, compliance with policies, and citizen trust in institution-made choices. With political and economic diversity in its regions, Italian regions present a case study for testing whether political institution trust increased creates increased ESG use and whether ESG policies have an impact in shaping political trust in reciprocity. Empirical evidence confirms that in high political trust regions, ESG programs have a high opportunity for effective implementation, particularly in social welfare and conservation of environment. In contrast, political institution trust weakness is accompanied with poor ESG pledges, an expression of inefficient governance and reduced accountability in companies. ESG policies actually have an impact on political trust—effective and transparent ESG actions establish institution trust, but shallow and political ESG actions produce mistrust. The observations have a function of projecting the contribution towards balancing institution trust with sustainability through governance quality. Policymakers can contribute towards leveraging political stability in driving ESG integration in a manner that keeps such programs effective and credible for long-term development in regions and for democratic legitimacy.
JEL CODES: D72, G34, Q58, R58, M14.
Assessment of the oil release of spray-dried gum arabic/citronella oil microcapsules depending on the production parameters
Authors: Kanmaz Dilayda , Yildiz Serkan , Koc Serpil Koral , Manasoglu Gizem , Gul Cansu Aras , Celen Rumeysa , Tiritoglu Mehmet , Gebizli Sebnem Duzyer , Karaca Esra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Functionalization by using essential oils is an environmentally friendly approach that can be adapted to many industries. However, the oxidative sensitive and high volatile structures of the essential oils inhibit their potential. Microencapsulation enables the essential oils to be coated and protected by a wall material. The protection and the release of the confined essential oil depend on the morphologies of the microcapsules thus their production parameters. Therefore, selection of the appropriate microencapsulation parameters is crucial. This study aims to determine the optimum parameters to produce gum arabic/citronella essential oil (GA/CEO) spray-dried microcapsules. The effects of wall-to-core ratio, inlet temperature, and feed rate were investigated. Twenty-seven GA/CEO microcapsule samples were produced by using three wall-to-core ratios (3:1, 4:1, 6:1 v/v), three inlet temperatures (120, 150, 180°C), and three feed rates (1, 2.5, 5 mL/min). The morphology, particle size, oil efficiency, and oil release of the microcapsules were evaluated by considering the production parameters. The analyses revealed that GA/CEO microcapsules with smooth surfaces and homogeneous particle sizes were successfully produced. The oil efficiency of the microcapsules ranged between 20–90%, depending on the production parameters. The release rates of CEO varied between 37.8–89.5%. In conclusion, the microcapsules produced with a wall-to-core ratio of 4:1, temperatures above 150°C, and feed rates above 2.5 mL/min have potential for applications where prolonged release are expected.
Reverse Transcriptase-PCR-based techniques for the detection and identification of potato virus Y and tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco.
Authors: Muzerengwa Reward , Muzhinji Norman , Garwe Dahlia , Chisango Tawanda Jonathan , Nyoni Makomborero , Magama Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Symptomatological assays have been traditionally relied upon for the detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus Y (PVY), the two major economic consequential viruses infecting tobacco in Zimbabwe and globally. However, morphological methods are subjective and unreliable, as they are affected by abiotic factors and phytotoxicity, leading to misdiagnosis. The advent of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays has transformed pathogen diagnostics by offering robust diagnostic techniques to support disease management strategies that can avert yield losses. Reverse transcriptase‒polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) protocols were developed for the identification of TMV and PVY in tobacco in Zimbabwe. The internal specific primer pairs amplified 480 bp of the coat protein for PVY, 420 bp for the protein movement gene, and 496 bp for the TMV virus genome. The effectiveness and reliability of the assays were analysed via sensitivity comparisons of the double-stranded RNA extraction method (dsRNA), double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and RT‒PCR, which were conducted at weekly intervals after viral infection of tobacco plants. DsRNA was the least effective at detecting PVY after three weeks of infection. Compared with dsRNA, DAS-ELISA was more sensitive for detecting viruses after one week of infection for up to six weeks for PVY and after three weeks for TMV. However, RT‒PCR consistently detected viral infection throughout the duration of the study. The use of RT‒PCR is recommended for application since it has improved sensitivity and specificity.