bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bresenham's Line Generation Algorithm with Built‐in Clipping
Authors: Kuzmin Yevgeny P. 
Published: March 2003

AbstractOne of the most important operations in many graphical systems is the generation of a line segment. This process consists of two stages: clipping and drawing. These two stages are separated in current graphical applications. In this paper a new approach to line generation is proposed, which unifies these stages. The proposed algorithm is based on Bresenham's line generation algorithm to include necessary line clipping. The line clipping stage is an operation‐reduced, integer arithmetic only algorithm. The notion of correctness of line clipping is introduced and correctness of the proposed algorithm is shown. Complete C‐notation of the algorithm is included.
Computation of Higher Order Illumination with a Non‐Deterministic Approach
Authors: Bouatouch Kadi , Pattanaik S. N. , Zeghers Eric 
Published: March 2003

AbstractIn spite of the number of efforts made by the computer graphics researchers, till today the computation of view‐independent global illumination in an environment containing non‐diffusely reflecting objects is a non‐resolved problem. In general, non‐deterministic techniques seem to be capable of solving this problem. In this article we propose one such non‐deterministic method which will permit such calculation by using a combined technique of higher order function approximation and particle tracing. We have used multi‐wavelets as basis functions and have calculated the illumination function approximation coefficients by exploiting the adjointness between the radiance equation and the potential equation.
Creating Value Through Corporate Governance
Authors: Monks Robert A.G. 
Published: March 2003

Value and governance are such familiar words that we do not often enough reflect on their meanings in a specific situation. This paper will suggest:Value is in the eye of the beholder.The appearance of governance may be preferable to the real thing.In order better to understand value, we will work with a simple question – is it appropriate for a global investor to purchase common shares in Volkswagen? There are many kinds of shareholder, each with distinctive interests that are not always compatible with the interests of the other investors. A global investor is typically the trustee of a pension plan with the simple obligation to collateralise the pension promise by maximising the long–term value of trust assets. The beneficiaries of pension funds are not rich people. Fluctuations in market values are no longer primarily a question as to whether rich people are a bit richer or poorer, they are a question as to whether pensions will be paid to the roughly half of the population of the OECD world who have interests in employee benefit plans. This makes investment a matter of social and political concern. At the end of our trip through the mythology and prospects for adding value to corporate enterprises through effective governance, we come to a very simple conclusion. I bastardise a celebrated principal of physics to conclude that both in science and in business a watched particle behaves differently than one that is not watched. “An observed board behaves differently” and is more likely to generate value for corporate owners.
Innovation through Strategic Community Management: The Case of NTT DoCoMo and the Mobile Internet Revolution
Authors: Kodama Mitsuru 
Published: March 2003

This paper describes strategic community management that can be implemented by large established companies through the creation of a variety of strategic business communities. The paper focuses in particular on the case of NTT DoCoMo, Inc., Japan’s largest mobile telecommunications carrier, which has utilized strategic community management principles in their efforts to cultivate and expand the mobile Internet market in Japan over roughly the past two years.This paper also deals with the development of an emerging mobile Internet market spawned by the creation of strategic communities supported by strategic communities which consist of informal in‐house organizations and diverse strategic heterogeneous alliances with outside firms including customers, and elucidates strategic community management as an effective methodology aimed at strategic innovation conducted by major enterprises.
Review article: What’s new in early medieval burial archaeology?
Authors: Dickinson Tania M. 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:John Hines, Karen Høilund Nielsen and Frank Siegmund (eds), The Pace of Change. Studies in Early–Medieval Chronology.Catherine E. Karkov, Kelley M. Wickham–Crowley and Bailey K. Young (eds), Spaces of the Living and the Dead: An Archaeological Dialogue.Sam Lucy, The Early Anglo–Saxon Cemeteries of East Yorkshire. An Analysis and Reinterpretation.Elizabeth O’Brien, Post–Roman Britain to Anglo–Saxon England: Burial Practices Reviewed.Nick Stoodley, The Spindle and the Spear. A Critical Enquiry into the Construction and Meaning of Gender in the Early Anglo–Saxon Burial Rite.
French unemployment: a transatlantic perspective
Authors: Cohen Daniel , Lefranc Arnaud , Saint-Paul Gilles 
Published: March 2003

SUMMARY
French unemployment Why France and the USA are alike
The paper compares the French and US labour markets. It shows that differences in unemployment rates are especially acute for young and old workers, but appear to be negligible for middle-aged workers. All French workers, however, experience job flows that are quite distinct from their American counterparts as they are exposed to long spells of infrequent unemployment, which is the opposite to the US case. Critical differences across ages and skills regarding the patterns of exit from and entry into employment are also displayed. The paper dispels the view that these differences originate from the behaviour of the unemployed (or the set of institutions that guide their decisions), and that this is new to the French labour market.
— Daniel Cohen, Arnaud Lefranc and Gilles Saint-Paul
Private sector employment in Russia: Scale, composition and performance
Authors: Gimpelson Vladimir , Lippoldt Douglas 
Published: March 2003

In Russia, as across Central and Eastern Europe, privatization and the establishmemt of new private firms have been viewed as key factors in labour market adjustment during the transition period. This paper considers the overall employment developments in the private sector in Russia and the extent to which the private sector employment performance is differentiated from that of other sectors in five Russian regions. The analysis is based on a fresh look at these issues using official statistics published by Goskomstat and drawing on microdata from the March 1996 Russian Labour Force Survey (LFS). A special questionnaire attached to the LFS in the study regions provides supplementary information.The paper highlights shifts in the sectoral composition of employment, including growth in private sector employment. Compared to other forms of ownership, the analysis confirms a tendency for private sector ownership in the study regions to be associated with stronger employment performance with respect to hours worked and, in some cases, timely payment of wages. Private sector firms appear to have relatively flexible employment patterns, utilizing more fixed‐term or part‐time employment than other types of firms and experiencing greater labour turnover. Also, private sector employees tend to be somewhat younger and probably more adaptable people. However, there is significant variation across the study regions and substantial exceptions exist with respect to the above‐mentioned tendencies. With respect to employment issues, the differentiation between sectors appears to be less pronounced than one might have expected.
Painless disinflation? Monetary policy rules in Hungary, 1991‐99
Authors: Golinelli Roberto , Rovelli Riccardo 
Published: March 2003

We estimate a small structural model for inflation, the output gap, the domestic interest rate and the exchange rate for Hungary during the period of the transition (1991‐99). The transmission of monetary policy impulses to macro variables is characterized in a similar fashion to that of advanced open industrial countries. In particular, in the context of our rational expectations, forward‐looking model, the interest rate channel on aggregate demand and the exchange rate channel work together as parts of the same disinflation policy. We draw several conclusions on understanding and modeling the effects of monetary policy, and also on the desirable design of policy rules during the process of disinflation.JEL classification: E17, E52, P24.
Wages in the East German Transition Process: Facts and Explanations
Authors: Franz Wolfgang , Steiner Viktor 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We analyze wage developments in the East German transition process both at the macro- and at the microeconomic level. At the macroeconomic level, we draw special attention to the important distinction between product and consumption wages, describe the development of various wage measures, labor productivity and unit labor costs in East Germany in relation to West Germany, and relate these developments to the system of collective wage bargaining. At the microeconomic level, we describe changes in the distribution of hourly wages between 1990 and 1997 and analyze the economic factors determining these changes by way of empirical wage functions estimated on the basis of the Socio- Economic Panel for East Germany. The paper also draws some conclusions on the likely future course of the East-West German wage convergence process.
Catching-up of East German Labour Productivity in the 1990s
Authors: Barrell Ray , Willem te Velde Dirk 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
We provide empirical evidence for exogenous and endogenous catching-up of East German labour productivity to West German levels. We argue that labour productivity in East Germany has caught up faster than has happened elsewhere. The sudden formation of the German Monetary Union was followed by large transfers to East Germany, migration of workers to West Germany, reorganization and privatization of East German firms. This has quickly led to a partial closing of the organizational, idea and object gaps that existed between East and West Germany. This paper analyses labour productivity in East and West Germany using both aggregate German data and unbalanced panel analysis of developments in East and West Germany. Factors affecting the organization of production, and especially privatization and `foreign' firms, are found to be particularly important in this context.
On the Determinants of Labour Market Institutions: Rent Seeking vs. Social Insurance
Authors: Agell Jonas 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
What determines the structure of labour market institutions? I argue that common explanations based on rent seeking are incomplete. Unions, job protection and egalitarian pay structures may have as much to do with social insurance of otherwise uninsurable risks as with rent seeking. In support of this more benign complementary hypothesis the paper presents a range of historical, theoretical and cross-country evidence. The social insurance perspective changes substantially the positive analysis of the future of European labour market institutions. It is not clear that globalization and the `new economy' will force countries to make their labour markets more flexible. These phenomena will probably increase the efficiency costs of existing institutions, but they may also make voters more willing to pay a high premium to preserve institutions that provide insurance.
Beyond Flying Geese: The Expansion of East Asia’s Electronics Trade
Authors: Tung An-Chi 
Published: March 2003

AbstractThe flying geese (FG) hypothesis, which asserts the sequential catching-up processes of the latecomers, holds well in the past. Yet a simultaneous boom within the electronics industry across East Asia casts doubt on the applicability of the hypothesis. By using the RCA and NET indices, the paper finds that the FG pattern shows in the electronics industry as a whole, but not always so at the disaggregated level. This suggests that the FG formation may not appear in other industries, if they are involved in international production fragmentation or have differentiated products, and if certain latecomers have become new leaders.
The Stance in the Poetics of Paul Celan
Authors: Pajević Marko 
Published: March 2003

This article develops the ethics of Paul Celan's poetics. Celan's use of the semantic and terminological cluster of ‘Stehen’ shows that terms such as resistance, instant, constancy, insistence and existence lead to Celan's ethics of uprightness and solidarity. These values also define Celan's ideal of a human being.The analysis of Celan's poem STEHEN shows stunning parallels with Martin Buber's conception of space and his idea of verticality and allows us to clarify the specific relation of identity and alterity in the stance. The stance is not just talked about in Celan's poems, it is also manifest in his manner of speaking, which makes literature an ethical act. It shows that the other is at the same time a condition and a result of this verticality, without which he or she cannot exist. This is linked to Buber's notion of ‘Verwirklichung’, which claims a reality more real than the ordinary state of mind. The specific relation to a ‘thou’ makes this reality.Celan's ethics of the stance in the light of Buber's philosophy shows that literature, at its best, is a realisation of the self in the encounter with the other.
Laughing their Heads off: Nineteenth–century Comic Versions of the Bluebeard Tale
Authors: Davies Mererid Puw 
Published: March 2003

The Blaubartmärchen rewards study because it encodes key notions about gender, order, and the nature of fairy tale. In contrast to comic French and English traditions, the canonical German Blaubartmärchen is serious and tragic. However, a rich, forgotten nineteenth–century tradition of popular German Bluebeard comedies exists.Franz von Pocci’s Kasperliade (1859) seems to promote conservative authority structures but subtextually evokes carnivalesque subversion. Alexander von Sternberg’s Märchen (1850) involves transgressive gender roles, indeed an (albeit very limited) deconstruction of gender, before resorting to defensive reinscription of conservative gender roles. F.W. Hackländer’s realist novella (1863) seems to lack subversive moments in its denial that Bluebeard is evil, but a closer reading shows up its uneasy moments; and Roderich Benedix’s play (1861) is unique in challenging the Märchen plot and established gender roles.Laughter here restores order and ridicules characters who transgress; but it is also used in complex ways as an inoculation against fear. Despite seeming to share cultural and political values with texts in the canon, these comedies are nonetheless excluded because they deviate formally from the Grimmian Märchen and question the canonical view that Märchen must be ancient and serious. Given that these texts were more popular than the Grimms’, a review of notions of the Märchen, folk and popular culture is required. Some of the texts also undermine canonical values in dangerous ways by using laughter to rob Bluebeard of his terror and power.
Independent and Linked Migrants: Determinants of African American Interstate Migration
Authors: LEE SEONG WOO , ROSEMAN CURTIS C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTThrough kinship and other links to destinations, many African American interstate migrants in the United States join other people in destination households. These “linked” migrants contrast to “independent migrants” who move as individuals or intact groups and set up their own households at the destination. Using U.S. Census Public Use Micro Sample data, this paper first shows that, in the 1985‐90 period, about 45 percent of all Black interstate migrants were independent, compared to 38 percent who were linked to housing at the destination and 17 percent who moved into group quarters. Second, a multinomial logit model, incorporating individual and state‐level variables, is specified that contrasts the determinants of independent and linked migration. Tests show that independent migration can be modeled with classic migration determinants, including individual educational and occupational resources, labor market conditions at the destination, and public goods at the destination including the level of welfare payments. Linked migration, on the other hand, is much less responsive to these factors, and not at all responsive to destination unemployment and welfare levels. Separate tests of male and female models suggest a great contrast between independent and linked migration for females. It is concluded that the understanding of Black migration must take into account a variety of factors beyond traditional labor market conditions, including links to the destination and individual housing circumstances.
Nuclear Power Plants and Residential Housing Prices
Authors: CLARK DAVID E. , MICHELBRINK LISA , ALLISON TIM , METZ WILLIAM C. 
Published: March 2003

ABSTRACTNuclear power plants can theoretically influence property values through a number of different channels. The public perception of risk associated with the potential hazard from the operation of a nuclear reactor and the storage of nuclear waste may lead to lower bids on properties in close proximity to the plant. In contrast, workers at the plant may be less concerned with any potential hazards, and may actually value being in proximity to the workplace. Hence, one cannot a priori sign the distance gradient of homes in the vicinity of a nuclear power plant. In this study, a hedonic model coupled with geographic information system (GIS) techniques is used to estimate housing price surfaces around two nuclear power plants in California. The use of GIS software allows more potential influences to housing prices to be accurately incorporated than previously included in hedonic studies. Based on the evidence from the plants chosen, these findings do not support the contention that negative imagery surrounding nuclear power plants or stored nuclear waste has a significant detrimental influence on residential home prices in the immediate vicinity of these facilities.
King Edward I's Articles of Inquest on the Jews and Coin‐Clipping, 1279*
Authors: Skemer Don C. 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The ‘Capitula de tonsura monete’ are previously unpublished articles of inquest originally issued in 1279 to special judicial commissions created to combat coin‐clipping and related monetary offences by Jews and Christians. The ‘Capitula’ are shown to shed light on Edward I's motivations and intentions during the coin‐clipping campaign of 1278–9. The author attempts to explain why this text was circulated, somewhat paradoxically, after the expulsion of the Jews from England in 1290, and to determine why it was read along with authentic statues and ‘legal apocrypha’. A critical edition is appended, based on a collation of all manuscript copies and versions.
Robert of Gloucester's Mother and Sexual Politics in Norman Oxfordshire
Authors: Crouch David 
Published: March 2003

Abstract
The discovery that the mother of Earl Robert of Gloucester (d. 1147), the illegitimate son of King Henry I, was a daughter of the Gay or Gayt family of north Oxfordshire allows us a new insight into the character of that complex king. We can now see how King Henry used Oxfordshire as his surrogate home in England from the ten‐eighties onwards: three of the Englishwomen who bore him children dwelt in the vicinity of Oxford. We can also now see why it was that he made Woodstock the third most important royal centre in England during his reign. The way that his chosen mistresses used their royal connection to their families' advantage is also more clear following this discovery.
Migration, mobility and globaloney: metaphors and rhetoric in the sociology of globalization
Authors: Favell Adrian 
Published: March 2003

Books reviewed in this article:John Urry, Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the twenty‐first century, New York and London: RoutledgeNikos Papastergiadis, The turbulence of migration: globalization, deterritorialization and hybridityStephen Castles and Alastair Davidson, Citizenship and migration: globalization and the politics of belonging
From Human Wrongs to Universal Rights: Communication and Feminist Challenges for the Promotion of Women's Health in the Third World
Authors: Hellsten Sirrku Kristiina 
Published: March 2003

This article argues that in the quest for global bioethics in its relation to the promotion of women's health and women's rights, the main challenge is to, first, rise above the relativist trap and second, to solve the false dilemma between individualism and collectivism. Particularly in order to improve women's position and advance their well‐being in many developing countries with patriarchal cultural practices, there is an urgent need to introduce modern medicine and to share more evenly and efficiently the health care resources of the industrialized societies. This presumes that we can find a normative bioethical approach that promotes the rights of individuals without striving for cultural assimilation and disrespect.From the philosophical point of view this means that we have to overcome the debate between the rival views of justice, and rather find the shared features of the various approaches, thus diminishing the exaggerated polarizations between them. The author claims that despite its importance in women's rights protection, feminist bioethics cannot remain as a normative alternative that can replace either liberal or communitarian approaches. Instead feminism needs to be part of both liberal and communitarian ethical thinking. Communitarianism, for its part, cannot offer an alternative to either liberalism or feminism, but it can function as an essential critical balancing force within these approaches. Individualist liberalism, on the other hand, has to find its way into collective social structures and accept their maintenance, instead of exhausting itself in its attempts to lift individuals above or beyond their social contexts.
Developing a Resilience Package for Vulnerable Children
Authors: Place Maurice , Reynolds Joanna , Cousins Anna , O'Neill Shelagh 
Published: March 2003

Background:In recent years great efforts have been made to clarify what factors make it more likely that a child will develop mental health problems, and what elements increase the resilience of vulnerable children, and hence protect them from becoming disturbed. With the increase in understanding about the nature of such resilience comes the possibility of developing preventative packages for at‐risk groups.Method: Children whose parents have significant depressive illness have been offered a supportive package that seeks to increase their resilience. This focuses on the child's resources, family education and interaction, and community resources and supports for the family to access.Results: Initial results show the package increases social activity, reduces emotionality and helps families become more flexible.Conclusion: Helping children reduce their risk of developing mental health problems is rightly an area of growing importance. This package is a potentially successful way of achieving this by promoting their resilience.