bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema: role of the glial factor (literature review and own data)
Authors: Kyryliuk M.L. , Suk S.A. 
Published: October 2023

The review presents modern data on the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema. Today, a new understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetic retinal lesions includes structural dysfunction of the neurovascular unit (NVU) of the retina. NVU includes astrocytes and Müller cells, it is a physical and biochemical link between neurons, glia, vascular network in situ, acts as an interface between neurons and the vascular system, and is a key regulator of neuronal metabolism. The close interdependence of glial cells, pericytes and neurons contributes to the formation of a barrier between the blood and the retina, which controls the flow of fluid and hemotransmissive metabolites into the glial parenchyma of eye tissue. Glial components of NVU contribute to the survival of neuronal ganglion cells and photoreceptors, stabilization of the retinal structure, and modulation of inflammatory and immune reactions. It has been shown that intercellular interactions between blood vessels and neurons play a critical role in the formation of blood-retinal barrier whose activity is modulated by the state of retinal endothelial communications. In diabetes, the blood-retinal barrier breaks down already at the early stage of diabetic retino­pathy, changing the structure and function of most types of cells in the retina; however, the molecular mechanisms of this pathological process in diabetes are not sufficiently studied and require the search for new therapeutic strategies, in particular, with the participation of clusterin. Emphasis is placed on the significance of dysfunction in the neurovascular unit of the retina for the deve­lopment of complications in diabetes. Increased attention is paid to microglial activation, Müller cell dysfunction, damage to the blood-retinal barrier, as well as the role of clusterin and fractalkine in barrier cytoprotection.
Exploring Accounting History: Literature and Standard Setting in India
Authors: Verma Shraddha 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
This paper provides a summary of the accounting history literature relating to India and provides suggestions for potential future research. The paper also identifies key events in standard setting between 1973 and 2023 and presents an exploratory analysis of the introduction of standard setting in India in 1977, highlighting both local and international factors influencing the process.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
Individual Autonomy versus Public Safety: How Government COVID-19 Mandates and Constitutional Law Impacts Fraud Rationalization and Pressures
Authors: Bailey William A. , Grandstaff Jaime L. , Marcum Tanya M. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
The global pandemic has highlighted unprecedented levels of uncertainty, which has forced the exploration of new questions. We review the academic literature on COVID-19, with respect to forensic accounting topics, and we find that the literature is relatively scarce. We also provide a detailed constitutional legal history of U.S. health mandates, including a background of constitutional limitations on government power, federalism, Supreme Court evolution on autonomy, and the state of the legal framework on government health mandates immediately preceding the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout this review of academic literature and the legal framework regarding mandates, we discuss examples of fraud cases during the pandemic and the aspects impacting fraud rationalization and pressures. Our results show that more research is needed in this area, and we provide suggestions for future avenues, as well as legal considerations regarding government mandates.
Adaptation of the Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 into Swedish
Authors: Von Heideken Johan , Iversen Maura D , Hellsten Anna , Askenberger Marie 
Published: October 2023

Background and purpose: The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) designed specifically for patellofemoral instability. We translated and adapted the BPII 2.0 into Swedish and assessed its psychometric properties.Patients and methods: The BPII 2.0 was forward- and back-translated. Children aged 10–16 years with patellar dislocation and instability or recurrent dislocation were recruited. Children completed the Swedish BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child during their initial visit (t0) and 1 week later (t1). Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child scores comparison. Pearson correlation coefficients examined concurrent validity of the Swedish BPII 2.0 subscales with KOOS-Child subscales.Results: 64 children (46 females), mean age 13.8 (10.0–16.3) years, participated. Time after patellar dislocation or surgery was 3–24 months. 55 patients (86%) returned the second BPII 2.0 and KOOS-Child after an average of 9 (5–22) days. There were no ceiling or floor effects for the total score of the new Swedish BPII 2.0 or for its subscales. BPII 2.0 demonstrated excellent internal consistency at t0 (ICC 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–0.97) and at t1 (ICC 0.97, CI 0.95–0.98), as well as excellent test–retest reliability (ICC 0.97, CI 0.96–0.98). Concurrent validity of the BPII 2.0 subscales with KOOS-Child subscales was moderate to strong (rho 0.40–0.88).Conclusion: The Swedish BPII 2.0 showed excellent internal consistency as well as excellent test–retest reliability and is a reliable and valid questionnaire.
A survey study toinvestigate food handler’sknowledge, attitudes andbehaviour towards foodsafety and food practicesin restaurants in Liverpool
Authors: Kingston Ben , Mitchell Graeme 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Food establishments are on the rise in the United Kingdom, producing a widevariety of cuisine to cater for a variety of tastes in a global market. However, asignificant proportion of the population will experience a foodborne illness atsome point in their lives, and in 2018 alone there were estimated to be 2.4million food borne illness related cases in the UK [1]with a resulting 180 deathsper year. Whilst Local Authorities monitor and inspect these establishmentsperiodically, the importance of those who work within food business cannot beunderestimated. As such the aim of this research study was to explore foodhandlers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour towards food safety and foodhandling practices in restaurants within Liverpool. Using both convenience andsnowball sampling, the research employed a quantitative online questionnaire togather data from the target population of food handlers. The responses from 52participants were then analysed using a combination of Microsoft Excel andSPSS version 28. The results of the study reveal that food handlers in Liverpoolfood businesses have a generally satisfactory level of food safety knowledge;their attitudes expressed demonstrated a strong positive approach and theyengage in safe behaviour. However, the results show some areas of concern:knowledge surrounding harmful pathogens was lacking; behaviour in relation tothe use of mobile phones in the kitchen and attitudes towards attending workwhilst unwell. Therefore whilst the overall knowledge, attitude and behaviours offood handlers appears acceptable that does not mean they do not pose risk tocustomers. Whilst all participants had received training, this did not alwaystranslate into improved food handling knowledge, attitudes or behaviours.Training, therefore, must be tailored to reflect the needs to the individual withthe understanding that knowledge, attitudes and behaviours are linked.
Study on the expression of testin in the testes of dogs
Authors: Ciaputa Rafał , Nowak Marcin , Dzimira Stanisław , Brambilla Eleonora , Kandefer-Gola Małgorzata , Tomaszek Alicja , Popiel-Kopaczyk Aneta , Dzięgiel Piotr , Grieco Valeria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Testin is a protein involved in cell mobility, adhesion and colony formation. In rats, testin presence has been reported in the testes, and its possible role in spermatogenesis has been suggested. Studies in humans also suggest a possible role of testin as a cancer suppressor protein. In the dog, which represents both an important pet species and a good animal model for studying biological and pathological testicular processes, the presence of testin has never been reported.

Material and Methods
In the present study, the expression of testin in foetal, prepubertal, adult and aged canine testes was investigated. Testes from 5 adult and 3 aged dogs, from 2 one-month-old puppies and from 2 foetuses miscarried at the end of pregnancy were immunohistochemically examined with a commercial antibody against testin.

Results
Testin was intensely expressed in Sertoli cells in every testis examined. Spermatids were also positive for testin in mature dogs and in the testicular areas of the aged ones which were not atrophic. Weak expression of testin was also detected in all testes examined.

Conclusion
The present study, the first demonstrating the presence of testin in canine testes, provides the basis for further dog–human comparative research and for studies on the role of this protein in canine physiology, reproduction and testicular pathologies.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA BUDIDAYA NILA GESIT
Authors: Mimbar Jihad , Rochdiani Dini , Setia Budi 
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) Faktor-faktor yang menjadi kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam pengembangan pada usaha budidaya ikan nila gesit. 2) Alternatif Strategi yang diterapkan dalam pengembangan pada usaha budidaya ikan nila gesit di Desa Ciawang Kecamatan Leuwisari Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus pada perusahaan budidaya ikan nila gesit di Desa Ciawang. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah pemilik budidaya ikan nila gesit. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa :1) Faktor kekuatan (Strenghts), dalam pengembangan budidaya ikan nila gesit yaitu lokasi usaha dan kualitas air, kualitas ikan, memiliki induk ikan berkualitas unggul, sudah terkenal di masyarakat dan harga terjangkau oleh konsumen, pengalaman perusahaan, menggunakan modal sendiri untuk membiayai usaha. Faktor kelemahan (weaknesses) dalam pengembangan usaha Budidaya nila gesit diantaranya jumlah benih terbatas, terbatasnya jumlah perasarana kolam, sumber daya manusia, pencatatan data produksi dan keuangan belum terstuktur dan sitematis, keterbatasan persediaan produk. 2) Alternatif strategi yang tepat untuk diterapkan dalam pengembangan usaha yaitu dengan menggunakan strategi SO. Berdasarkan kekuatan, peluang dan strategi SO (Strenght-Opportunity), maka diperoleh faktor yang harus dipertahankan untuk mampu mengambil peluang yang ada, yaitu: mempertahankan dan meningkatkan mutu produk dengan cara pengawasan produksi, menambah jumlah kolam baru untuk meningkatkan kuantitas produksi ikan nila gesit, kuantitas indukan harus diperbanyak menggunakan induk yang berkualitas, dan meningkatkan serta menjaga kualitas produk dengan mengupayakan jumlah benih harus cukup agar kuantitas dan kontinuitas permintaaan terpenuhi, dan layanan pemasaran harus lebih baik.
Molecular prevalence of MecA and Blaz Genes with phenotypic analysis of Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern for S.aureus Isolated From Dermal lesions of Sheep Breeders In Diyala Governorate – Iraq
Authors: Bressam Fajer Zainab , Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy Ali , H. AL-Zuhairi Ahmed 
Published: October 2023

Background: S. aureus is one of the dominant bacterial pathogens among dermal infections in human and animals, which have resistance to different antimicrobial drugs.
Objective: Isolation and identification of S.aureus from skin lesions among sheep breeders by traditional methods, Vitek 2 system and PCR using Staur 4, 6 specific pri-mers for validation, Detection of genes (methicillin resistant (mecA), Beta- lac-tamase gene (blaZ) by conventional PCR ,determine antibiotic sensitivity pat-tern by kirby bauer disc diffusion method.
Patients and Methods: A total of 44 swaps were collected from sheep breeders suffered from variety of infected skin lesions to detect methicillin sensitive and resistant s. aureus by employing traditional methods in addition to confirmatory techniques through fast rapid VETEK2 system , detection of genes (methicillin resistant (mecA), Be-ta- lactamase gene (blaZ) by conventional PCR , and determine antibiotic sensi-tivity pattern by kirby bauer disc diffusion method.
Results: S.aureus was isolated from 15/44,( 34.09%) of skin lesion of sheep breeders . A total of 6/15 ,(40%) were methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) ,which represent ( 13.63%) from total samples .Beta lactamase gene primers was detected in all S.aureus isolates. A 6/15,(40%) of S.aureus have resistance for members of antibiotics classes, penicillins, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, macrolide which include the following : methicillin that was confirmed early by detection of me-cA gene , levofloxacin , ofloxacin , erythromycin and vancomycin. A 6/15,(40%) of S.aureus have multidrug resistant trait for Penicillins, Polypep-tides, Fluoroquinolones, Macrolide antibiotics. Non multidrug resistant S.aureus was reported for Penicillins (oxacillin,4/15, 26%) and Polypeptides antibiotics (vancomycin 8/15, 53.33%) of S.aureus . Absolute sensitivity was reported for gentamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, imipenem and chloramphenicol.
Conclusion: Methicillin sensitive S.aureus was more common compared with MRSA isolated from dermal infections of sheep breeders. Blaz gene was predominantly ex-pressed by S.aureus isolates followed by Mec A gene. S.aureus have resistance for penicillins, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, macrolide which include the fol-lowing : methicillin, levofloxacin , ofloxacin , erythromycin and vancomycin . S.aureus have multidrug resistant trait for Penicillins, Polypeptides, Fluoroquin-olones, Macrolide antibiotics. S.aureus was absolutely sensitive to gentamycin, tetracycline, rifampicin, imipenem and chloramphenicol.
The effect of the ectoparasite (Pediculus humanus capitis) on immunological and blood parameters in children of different ages in Baquba city
Authors: Khalid Awaad , Hasnaa , Nagem Abed Alhadidi, Sanaa , Jawad Kadhim Talib 
Published: October 2023

Background: Ectoparasites are predominant parasitic infections among children. Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are transmitted parasites, mainly among school-aged children. Although, head lice are not a chief health hazardor or a vector for disease, they are a public social problem. The transmitted infections by a parasitic bite, may reach the blood which causes health problems for children and affects their health.
Objective: To investigate the effects of infection with head lice on Immunoglobulin E (IgE), vitamin D3, Zinc, and blood parameters.
Patients and Methods: Samples including skin swapping and blood samples were collected from 300 children who were examined at AL-Batool Maternity Teaching Hospital (AL-BMTH) and some medical centers. Skin scraping and swapping were examined microscopically for detection of the parasite. Blood samples were analyzed for immunological and blood parameter estimation, during the period from 1st October 2021 to the end of May 2022. Samples were sent to the parasitology and hematology laboratories in AL-BMTH to identify the parasitic infections and their effects.
Results: The samples include 180 females and 120 males, 90 samples of the 300 were epidemic with lice infection, 48.9% of them were at age 1-5 years, 35.6% were at age 6-10 and 15.6 % were at age 11-15, 91% of the infected children were females, while only 9 % of the infected children were males. The blood analysis indicated that the levels of vitamin D and the mineral Zinc, were lower in children infected with head lice compared to the control, while IgE was higher. RBC and Hb showed a lower level in infected children than in control, whereas WBC was at a high ratio in most patients.
Conclusion: Parasites cause many diseases in children in particular. They spread in rural and crowded places and affect the activity and vitality of children.
Helicobacter pylori Seropositivity and the Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hassan Yousif Salah 
Published: October 2023

Background: A review of many kinds of literature has suggested the theory of infections to are a risk for atherosclerosis of the coronaries, many of medical researchers reported that Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis extends beyond the gastrointestinal system to be a risk factor for inflammatory-induced atherosclerosis including that of the coronary vessels.
Objective: To detect a relationship between the seropositivity of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the blood with the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis.
Patients and Methods: A total of 125 patients were taken in this study including both sex male and female with different age groups all of them admitted to cardiac center hospital in Erbil City in Iraq. Patients were suspected to have coronary artery atherosclerosis based on symptoms and primary cardiac diagnostic tools, Angiography was performed to confirm or exclude coronary artery lesions by catheterization in the cath lab of the hospital. Blood samples were taken from patients including the patients’ group and control group and a C-reactive protein (CRP) test with Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody test was done for them by using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA) apparatus. Coronary angiography Confirmed the presence of atherosclerosis and the severity of it according to the number of vessels and the degree of luminal stenosis.
Results: The results show that the most of patients with atherosclerosis (83.5%) a high level of C-reactive protein. Also, a positive significant correlation was detected between the Helicobacter pylori concentration and the number of narrowed vessels based on the results of this study Helicobacter pylori.
Conclusion: According to the results Helicobacter pylori has a significant risk predictor for the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. However, evidence on this fact is not sufficient which further studies are needed.
Etiology and outcome of hematospermia :A prospective study
Authors: Karim Hadaia Measar 
Published: October 2023

Background: Although hematospermia is not common but considered an alarming symptom for patient and doctor. The cause of this worry is that it has been described as a dangerous symptom of prostate cancer by the patients and the health workers.
Objective: To classify the causes and outcome of hematospermia.
Patients and Methods: : This is a prospective study of patients newly diagnosed with hematospermia-diagnosed and treated in private clinic and hospital over a period of 4 years (2018-2022). Data collection and recording done related to demographic, symptomatology, clinical finding, investigations, treatment given and the outcome during 6 months of follow up.
Results: One hundred and six patients with hematospermia were seen in the private clinic and hospital. The mean age was 40 years (25-70). Thirty-six (33.9%) patients were diagnosed as prostatitis clinically or by positive seminal fluid culture. Only (4) patients had prostate carcinoma with only one new case and the other three were known cases of prostate cancer already on treatment. With (4) cases had thrombocytopenia and (2) cases with sickle cell anemia and (1) case each prostate cyst and severe hypertension and vesical stone. (2) cases on anticoagulant therapy. And another (2) cases with history of epididymal surgery. There was no identifiable cause in the remaining 53 patients (50%).
Conclusion: the majority of patients presented with hematospermia were below 50 years and have benign etiology and most of them were self-limited and less than 1% of cases revealed new prostate cancer. So, we can confidently reassure a patient presented with hematospermia due to benign nature of the disease in the majority of patients, especially in young patients.
Plasma level of ADAMTS-13 in maintenance hemodialysis patients and its relation to arteriovenous fistula thrombosis
Authors: Hammadi Fahad , Saja , Ahmed Ameen Najiha 
Published: October 2023

Background: End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease in which irreversible deterioration in renal function occur and the body fails to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, this need regular hemodialysis (HD) a process that removes accumulated solute from a patient with near-total renal function loss. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the vascular access of choice for patients who require hemodialysis. AVF thrombosis is a major issue in hemodialysis patients, which increase their morbidity and lessen HD efficiency.
Objective: To assess plasma level of ADAMTS-13 in HD patients and its association with AVF thrombosis, and to correlate the plasma level of ADAMTS-13 with age, duration of dialysis, certain hematological parameters and estimated GFR.
Patients and Methods:This Cross_sectional study done on 60 patients with ESRD on regular HD sessions, 20 healthy persons were included as a control . The patients subdivided into two subgroups with and without AVF thrombosis. Plasma samples were freezed until the test for the level of ADAMTS-13 was done.
Results: The plasma ADAMTS-13 level was significantly lower in HD patients compared to control group (P < 0.001), and was a significantly lower in patients with a history of AVF thrombosis than HD patients without a history of AVF thrombosis. HD patients with AVF thrombosis had significantly lower eGFR compared to patients without a history of AVF thrombosis. There was a positive correlation of plasma ADAMTS-13 level with the mean of eGFR , platelet count and negative correlation with MPV.
Conclusion: Significant differences between HD patients and control regarding eGFR and hematological parameters . Plasma ADAMTS-13 level was significantly lower in patients compared to controls and significantly lower in patients group with AVF thrombosis than HD group without thrombosis.
IL-17 and IL-10 as potential biomarkers for diagnosing periodontitis patients: A Review
Authors: Abdulsalam Mohammed , Maha , Fadhil Abbas Raghad 
Published: October 2023

Background:Evaluation methods for periodontal disorders are continually being refined to yield more precise, reliable, and time-efficient findings. Radiographic reports and clinical assessments of periodontal tissues, which served as the basis for earlier trends, were used to identify disorders affecting the tooth-supporting structures. As traditional approaches have become more apparent gradually over time, new methods emerged, some of which have been empirically validated. One example is the detection and measurement of biomarkers in bodily fluids. One of the most pressing issues in periodontal field nowadays is the search for an idealized periodontal diagnostic/prognostic biomarker that can both identify diseased areas and track the therapeutic success of periodontal treatment. Both IL-17 and IL-10 have shown connection to periodontitis that could encourage using them as diagnostic tools.
Objective: To provide a review of the role and association of the above biomarkers to periodontitis.
Patients and Methods: A systematic research of Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed Central, research gate was conducted using keywords such as diagnosis, periodontitis, IL-17, IL-10, biomarkers, Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).
Results: out of 58 records which resulted from the initial search only 14 were included which used roles, associations, and diagnosis as their outcomes.
Conclusion: Evidence from the selected records suggests that the above stated biomarkers might be able to discriminate periodontitis from health, monitoring disease progression and post treatment outcome, but actual clinical application needs much further research.