bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Modelling of Tree Roots using GPR and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Amalina Y , Zulkarnaini M A , Aiman S A M 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Traditional methods to check tree roots are complicated due to their destructive nature and limited quantitative assessments in long-term research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the synergistic use of the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to obtain accurate information on tree root health. For this purpose, geophysical and surveying techniques are used. In the study, image data of tree roots were obtained using IDS Duo GPR under normal conditions. To obtain the most accurate results in GPRMax, the simulation used the greatest contrast dielectric value of soil and roots. Then, an analysis is conducted to compare synthetic and real data. Modelling is crucial to understand electromagnetic wave propagation and interaction with tree roots. First, the synthetic hyperbola’s shape is compared with the real root’s hyperbola. Second, roots with increasing diameters were simulated and the time interval associated with each diameter was determined to produce a regression line model. Finally, depending on the real-time interval and the collected data, the regression model is utilised to estimate the true diameter. The study found the following: (1) the results show that the high dielectric value of the detected roots, real and synthetic hyperbola, have similar amplitude and tail; (2) the findings demonstrate that the estimation model is good with an average error of ±8 mm under ideal conditions and ±20 mm under normal conditions. The estimation variation is strongly influenced by soil moisture. The GPR resolution and signal deteriorate when the high soil moisture content is high. As a result, this study could provide vital insight for more effective assessment of tree roots and serve as an important reference for researchers seeking to expand on present findings.
Applications of biomimicry to urban planning: interrogating the relevance of emerging approaches to design cities by inspiring from nature.
Authors: Madmar Sofiane , Shah Muhammad Zaly , Ak Matusin Ak Mohd Rafiq , Ilhan Amil Ahmad 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Cities have an important role to play in tackling the challenges of climate change and the depletion of biodiversity. The way they were built has had a significant impact on biological and terrestrial systems. In this regard, a new generation of urban planners is attempting to address this problem by inventing new urban models, especially using biomimicry to create a real paradigm shift in the discipline. Nonetheless, it introduces a fresh perspective that refrains from viewing nature merely as a supplier of resources and energy, but instead recognizes it as a rich wellspring of wisdom. This approach is now unfolding in the realm of cities and territories as intricate systems. In fact, biomimicry is seen as a means towards more virtuous development models, aiming at the regeneration and resilience of living spaces in symbiosis with the environment. Researchers and theorists have put forth diverse ideas and concepts to incorporate the principles derived from nature into urban projects. However, several challenges are raised when trying to mimic how a biological system works to plan cities which are much more complex due to human social attributes. Although there are a few current examples of biomimicry being applied to urban planning, they need to be assessed to determine if this approach is relevant, particularly in the social field. This study employs a qualitative approach whereby the narrative review of literature has been applied which focusing on the applicability and impact of biomimicry in urban systems. Six-step framework for review articles are used to address three key research questions regarding the adoption of biomimicry principles in urban contexts. We aim to summarize and categorize the variety of applications of biomimicry to urban planning by the literature review method and to initiate an inquiry into their relevance and utility in responding to contemporary urban challenges.
Site selection for electric vehicle charging stations using GIS with MCDM AHP FAHP and TOPSIS techniques. A Review
Authors: Sani G M , Abas A M , Yusoff N , Said M F 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Electric vehicles are becoming more popular because they are not only helping countries’ economies by lessening dependency on oil but also helping in creating clean environments that are more habitable and sustainable. One of the most crucial issues in promoting the usage of electric vehicles is the availability of charging stations (CS). This study proposed to use GIS-MCDM methods to produce a model that could be used for selecting appropriate locations for EVCS. MCDM AHP, and FAHP techniques will be used to weigh the criteria regarding accessibility and influence on environment. Four main criteria are selected for this work these are environmental, geographical, urbanity, and transportation, the weight of different criterion will be determined. The results will be integrated into GIS for the selection of various suitable locations for EV charging stations. TOPSIS will be used to rank the sites and choose the best locations for charging stations. At the end of the study, it is expected to have a reliable model for the selection of suitable locations for EVCS, which could be used for the selection of proper location for EVCS, for efficiency and effectiveness of electric vehicles charging within cities and along highways, this will improve the adoption and acceptability of EV across the world.
Spatial Form Cognition of Historical Streets in Hongcun Village through a Space Syntax Approach
Authors: Yu Huiyun , Samsudin Noor Aimran , Chen Fangxin 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study explores the relationship between spatial form and inner vitality, and discusses the impact of three morphological variables on spatial vitality and spatial cognition of residents and tourists. The purpose of this study is to investigate the internal relationship between spatial morphological characteristics, spatial vitality, and people’s spatial cognition. In China, the over-commercialization of tourism has led to changes in the historical spaces of many traditional villages, and the problems of homogenization and commercialization have become increasingly obvious. To address this, this study will use a combination of space syntax and cognitive imagery to understand the historical street space. Space syntax theory quantifies the division of spatial scales and studies the relationship between spatial form and human behavior. The concept of cognitive imagery reproduces the user’s spatial cognition through imagery, and explores the relationship between spatial elements and cognition. Combining these two theories can provide a better understanding of the laws of spatial form and behavioral cognition. This study investigates the historical streets in Hongcun village, a World Cultural Heritage Site located in China. The research sample consists of 51 tourists who have been traveled to Hongcun, and 49 villagers who still reside in the study area. Spatial analysis was performed using DepthmapX software. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the degree of integration, intelligibility, and optionality of traditional street space, the vitality of the space, and people’s cognition. However, residents and tourists have different perceptions of the same traditional street space due to their different identities and awareness. When formulating protection and utilization plans, the needs of residents and tourists should be considered comprehensively to achieve a reasonable allocation of village spaces. The study’s results provide a reference for policymakers to better understand the relationship between the spatial form and inner vitality of traditional villages.
A study of vernacular building materials in Bangladesh based on embodied energy and environmental performance
Authors: Rahman Shafique , Wah Lim Yaik , Nargis Nabilah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Concerns over climate change have driven the need for decarbonization of the building sector all over the world. It is proven that manufacturing building materials consumes a substantial amount of non-renewable energy and releases carbon emissions. For this reason, it has become an essential need for finding clean and energy-efficient alternative building materials. In Bangladesh, vernacular houses in rural areas are made of locally found materials like mud, bamboo, thatch, wood, and others and are always used in the construction of houses without any industrial processing, these dwellings are composed of materials with very little or no embodied energy (E.E). However, there has been a significant change in the construction of houses and the use of materials in rural Bangladesh in the last two decades. Concrete, brick, metal sheets, and many other industrial materials have taken possession of indigenous technology and bio-based materials. As a result, environmentally sustainable traditional houses have been transformed into energy-intensive houses. This research aims to study vernacular building materials in Bangladesh to identify their embodied energy, climatic performance, thermal conductivity, and durability for constructing low-carbon and less energy-consumed buildings. Based on several case studies, field surveys, and literature reviews the assessment has been conducted, showing that these materials are highly efficient in terms of embodied energy and can also ensure great thermal comfort. This study also evaluates the durability of these materials and depicts that by enhancing their durability, these materials can act as the best-performing building materials in all aspects.
Flood adaptation impacts of blue-green infrastructure through hydrosocial framework.
Authors: Abd Aziz Zul Azri , Lai Lee Yok , Ahmad Raziah 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Modern dualisms between society and nature affect understandings of “what water is?” and “how water fits into society?”, according to the hydrosocial cycle concept. Understanding the urban stormwater system within the tensions inherent in designing flood-resilient cities is crucial from a social, cultural, and ecological perspective. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend how the hydrosocial cycle altered the use of blue-green infrastructure over time and how these modifications reflect the values of urban waterscapes and urban flood adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyse historical and contemporary perspectives on correlations between the hydrosocial cycle and blue-green infrastructure networks, which are beneficial to water-sensitive urban design principles. A comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis of two case studies of waterscape impact on public space based on the hydrosocial framework were used to conduct the research. This study employs comparative case studies to evaluate the implementation of the hydrosocial cycle by examining the dynamics of social power and structure, technology and infrastructure, and the materiality of water at each respective site. The results of this study indicate that urban landscape and engineering systems that are influenced by ecological and social values are advantageous to the current state of flood adaptation and urban runoff management. The comparison demonstrated that the implementation of blue-green infrastructure that incorporates the symbiotic values of society and nature offers opportunities for urban flood adaptation. In a nutshell, the integration of the hydrosocial cycle in the context of reducing flood susceptibility contributes to the enhancement of the existing framework by incorporating an analysis of societal interactions and utilisation of urban waterscapes, alongside a transition towards urban flood adaptation.
Utilization of Fermented Kepok Banana Stems Using Eco enzymes on the Performance of Local Male Sheep
Authors: Hasanah U , Gultom E E 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
The provision of kepok banana stems fermented with eco enzymes as local male sheep feed was carried out at the Alfino pen on Jalan Tunas Mekar, Tuntungan II Village. Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency, North of Sumatra. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 = 80% natural grass + 20% Concentrate, P1 = 70% natural grass + 10% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate, P2 = 60% natural grass + 20% Banana Stem Fermentation + 20% Concentrate. Parameters observed were feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that the provision of kepok banana stem fermentation with eco enzymes as feed for local male sheep showed decrease of feed consumption, had no significant effect on body weight gain and feed conversion. The conclusion of the study showed that giving kepok banana stems fermentation with eco enzyme as additional feed for local male sheep with increasing doses could increase body weight gain with lower consumption and smaller feed conversion.
A Business Feasibility and Income Analysis of Sheep in Smallholder Farms
Authors: Siregar G A W , Aulia F D 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Sheep business in smallholder farms plays a vital role as a source of income. Livestock are used as savings for unexpected expenses. The purpose of this study calculate the feasibility of sheep in smallholder businesses. The research was conducted in Hamparan Perak District, Deli Serdang Regency. The sampling method used stratified sampling, the number of samples using the quota sampling method after dividing the three villages based on livestock population, namely the low population group (100 heads), the medium population group (800 heads), and the high population group (5000 heads). The data analysis method used descriptive, with the observed parameters being breeder characteristics, income, and financial feasibility. The results revealed that men dominated sheep farmers the majority were aged 41–50 and 51–60 years. The majority had a high school education and had small-scale businesses; had 5–10 years of farming experience. Farmer income can meet production costs so that the income is positive or profitable and has an R/C value > 1. When net BC and gross BC are greater than one, the BEP value is greater than zero, the NPV value is greater than zero or positive, the IRR value with 24, and the PP values are 50 months. The business project’s age makes it financially feasible
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Dayok Mirah Chickens
Authors: Silalahi P 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Dayok Mirah is a native chicken originating from Simalungun Regency. Based on folklore, this chicken was food for kings and commanders before going to war. The famous processed product from chicken is called Dayok Nabinatur. Genetically, the origin of this chicken has not been traced. This chicken feather is a combination of black and red for males and black and brown for females. The color of the shank and beak is yellow, while the comb must stand upright and be jagged. The egg weight of the Dayok Mirah (48.4 ± 7.30 g/egg) was greater than that of other native chickens, fertility and hatchability were 87.3 ± 10.99% and 68.7 ± 18.85% respectively in the incubation machine which were classified as good compared to other local chickens. The shank length of an adult Dayok Mirah was 7.5-9.5 cm with a shank circumference of 4.25-5.25 cm. Whereas the length of the tibia and femur of the hen was 12.35 cm and 10.1 cm and that of the rooster was 13.25 cm and 11.50 cm respectively. The genetic diversity of the Dayok Mirah has not been well documented, but the genes related to growth and egg production are being investigated. The standardization of the Dayok Mirah needs to be done as soon as possible because the development of other native chickens has begun to suppress the existence of the Dayok Mirah. The Dayok Mirah chicken should also be registered as one of the local genetic resources for Simalungun Regency.
Evaluation the effect of antibiotics and probiotics supplementation in feed on broilers chicken immunity status
Authors: Purba M A , Trisna A , Hua L G , Sepriadi S , Aswa D A 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Antibiotics and probiotics play important roles in the feed of broiler chickens. Antibiotics are commonly used in poultry production to prevent and treat bacterial infections, promote growth, and improve feed efficiency. Evaluation of antibiotic and Probiotic effects on growth performance, cecal microbiota, and immune response of broilers were studied. 150 one-day-old male chickens were allocated to five treatments (six replicates of 5 birds per treatment). The chicken challenged was infected with Salmonella Pullorum per os twice at 7 and 8 day-aged.The results of this study suggest that the addition of Brevibacillus laterosporus texasporus culture at a dosage of 100 mg/kg in feed can improve the growth performance of broiler chickens that have been challenged by Salmonella infection. Considering the development of immune organs in broilers, the shift away from AGPs toward probiotics is evident. Probiotics, by fostering a healthier gut environment and supporting gut-associated immune responses, offer a more targeted and sustainable approach to enhancing immune organ development.
Analysis of Broiler Supply Chain Planning in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Kimberly F K , Sitorus H 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Deli Serdang Regency is a potential area for the development of broiler industry. The main challenge for the development of the broiler industry is high price fluctuations, both input and output. Distribution channels are closely related to the supply chain processes, both of which are important in a poultry industry. The supply chain, which also discusses distribution, trains companies to be more targeted in marketing their products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the supply chain and its application to poultry products and find out how the distribution channels are in the supply chain. The research method used is descriptive method. The results obtained state that the broiler supply chain includes: first the raw materials are obtained from PT. Charoen Pokphan, then enters to the livestock farming for 28 days – 35 days, and is sold the butcher entrepreneurs through company agents, after that it distributed to the markets, the restaurants and or to the consumers directly who buy from the butcher entrepreneur. In the supply chain used in the process of supplying chicken meat it is considered too complicated because it has to go through various parties. It is better for the livestock farming to cut the supply chain, so that it can be profitable for the livestock farming, and also maintain the quality of the chicken meat.
In-Silico Primer Designing and PCR for Detection of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV)
Authors: Purba M A , Khoo Y W , Qiu K , Liu G 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a contagious viral illness affecting cloven-hoofed animals. Caused by the Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), it is known for rapid replication and various transmission modes. Clinical symptoms vary among animals, including vesicular lesions and lameness in cattle. Global outbreaks continue to pose challenges. Amid the pandemic crisis, quick and sensitive diagnostic tests are essential. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-time PCR (qPCR) are precise methods for viral detection. The study aims to design FMDV-specific primers using bioinformatics tools, targeting conserved genome regions. The study successfully designs primers, demonstrating specificity against FMDV. These primers hold promise for commercial PCR-based kits, offering rapid, sensitive, and specific FMDV detection in various samples. Further validation on infected cattle is required. In conclusion, this study presents potential primer sets for FMDV detection, contributing to accurate and efficient diagnosis in disease control efforts.
Effects of Calcium Complex and Phytobiotic Herbal Pulp Complex Allocated in Feed on the Quality of Carcass, Inner Organ Weight, Ammonia Excrete Level, VFA Cecum and Leg Color of Mojosari Ducks (Anas javanica)
Authors: Harahap M A Y , Sjofjan O 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the quality of Mojosari duck carcasses using calcium complexes and phytobiotic jamu waste in their feed. The study involved 120 ducks aged 24 weeks and used a randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that phytobiotic calcium supplementation did not significantly improve carcass quality parameters such as carcass weight, abdominal fat, or abdominal fat percentage. However, it significantly influenced the gizzard and levels of ammonia excreta and volatile fatty acids in the cecum. The study concluded that the inclusion of calcium phytobiotics in duck diets did not lead to significant improvements in the carcass quality parameters. The most effective treatment was basal feed supplemented with 0.75% calcium phytobiosis, which decreased excreta ammonia concentrations and enhanced volatile fatty acids in the cecum.
Swallow’s Nest (Collocalia Fuciphaga) Business Development Strategy
Authors: Daulay A H , Khoman J S 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
This study was carried out in the Rantau Utara District, located inside the Labuhan Batu Regency of the North Sumatra Province. The primary objective of this study is to ascertain and devise a comprehensive strategy for the growth and expansion of the Swallow’s Nest enterprise. The research employed a survey methodology, wherein the participants consisted of all businessmen operating in the Swallow’s Nest industry within the Rantau Utara District. The sampling technique employed in this study was purposive sampling. The research sample consists of 32 individuals who are businessmen associated with Swallow’s Nest. The utilization of SWOT analysis for data analysis. The findings indicated that the Swallow’s Nest enterprise occupied the initial quadrant of the SWOT analysis. The formulated strategy is aimed toward expansion. The objective of implementing this business plan is to enhance production, leverage contemporary technology, cultivate human resources, secure company licenses, capitalize on strategic locations, and uphold nest quality.
Succes Rate of Artificial Insemination in Torgamba Subdistrict, Labuhan Batu Selatan District
Authors: Umar S , Hartadi B Q 
Published: December 2023

Abstract
Artificial insemination is one way to accelerate ruminants’ production and genetic quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the success rate of artificial insemination in Labuhan batu Selatan Regency based on Service Per Conception (S/C), Conception Rate (C/R) and Calving Interval (CI). This research is quantitative descriptive research, namely by taking data in the field and analyzing it to achieve conclusions. Determination of the villages that became the research location included the villages of Sumberjo, Pengarungan, Karya maju, Cikampak, Konsensi, Sidodadi and other villages. Determination of the research sample by purposive sampling. Observation had been done on 80 samples from 392 farmers. Each sample had given birth once.The data were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS 16 program. The results revealed that the average S/C value was 1-2 times, while the average C/R value was 60-70%, indicating a considerable result; nevertheless, the CI results were not as promising, reaching an average of 14 months.