bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled channel–floodplain dynamics and resulting stratigraphic architecture viewed through a mass-balance lens
Authors: Straub Kyle M. , Dutt Ripul , Duller Robert A. 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT
Basin-wide accommodation production and associated sediment mass deposition exert fundamental controls on stratigraphic architecture, but the details of this relationship are not fully understood. This is because it is unknown how accommodation production directly influences morphodynamics both in terms of channel process (i.e., channel migration, channel avulsion) and floodplain process, both of which are themselves coupled dynamically and are critical to the nature of stratigraphic architecture. To address this, we expand on existing theory that links sediment mass balance and resultant stratigraphic architecture. We use two fan-delta experiments that each experience different rates of accommodation production to measure key surface morphometrics and subsurface sedimentary characteristics. Importantly, sediment was transported in bedload and suspension in these experiments, resulting in construction of strata characterized by channel bodies surrounded by overbank strata deposited from suspension fallout. From these data we use three key timescales to capture the overall behavior of the system when placed into mass-balance space: avulsion setup timescales (TA) and channel mobility timescales (TV) that define short-term surface autogenics, and an accretion timescale (TC) that incorporates longer-term deposition. We find that the ratio of both TC/TA and TC/TV are independent of accommodation production rate in mass-balance space, which supports a self-organized response of channel dynamics to environmental boundary conditions. The fraction of strata generated from key depositional environments largely supports this behavior, particularly for channel sand bodies that resulted in deposition from bedload transport. As such, our results suggest that channel-body density is independent of accommodation production rate in a mass-balance space. We found that, although contributing to a significant fraction of the basin strata, far-field overbank deposition rates are insensitive to accommodation production and that differences in autogenic timescales between experiments largely resulted from differences in channel deposition rates, highlighting the close coupling between channel dynamics and accommodation generation. More generally the observed self-organized response of surface morphodynamics to accommodation production in mass-balance space provides a process-based framework to explain the utility of balancing mass for the prediction of down-system sediment size fractionation and sedimentary architecture.
Promotion of an Antitumor Immune Program by a Tumor Specific Complement Activating Autoantibody
Authors: Saxena Ruchi , Bushey Ryan T. , Campa Michael J. , Gottlin Elizabeth B. , Guo Jian , Patz Edward F. , He You-Wen 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Tumor targeting antibodies can be used to initiate an antitumor immune program, which appears essential to achieve a long-term durable clinical response to cancer. We previously identified an anti-complement factor H (CFH) autoantibody associated with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and from their peripheral B cells cloned a monoclonal antibody, GT103, that specifically recognizes CFH on tumor cells. GT103 targets a conformationally distinct tumor epitope, kills tumor cells in vitro, and has potent antitumor activity in vivo, although the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. In the effort to better understand how autoantibodies can effectively promote an antitumor immune response, we found that GT103 activates complement and enhances antitumor immunity through multiple pathways. It creates a favorable tumor microenvironment (TME) by decreasing immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, enhances antigen-specific effector T cells, and has a synergistic antitumor effect with anti-PD-L1 mAb. Furthermore, the immune landscape of tumors from early-stage patients expressing the anti-CFH autoantibody is associated with an immunologically active TME. More broadly, our results using an autoantibody provides novel mechanistic insights into how a tumor specific, complement activating antibody can generate an immune program to kill tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth.
An empirical analysis of Sacha inchi (Plantae: Plukenetia volubilis L) seed proteins and their applications in food and biopharmaceutical industries
Authors: Rashid Mohammad Harun Ur , Amin Nor Datiakma Mat , Yi Erica Kok Jia , Ismail Mohd Nazri 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) is a plant native to the Amazon rainforest in South America known for its edible seeds, which are rich in lipids, proteins, vitamin E, polyphenols, minerals, and amino acids. Rural communities in developing nations have been using this plant for its health benefits, including as a topical cream for rejuvenating and revitalising skin and as a treatment for muscle pain and rheumatism. Although sacha inchi oil has been applied topically to soften skin, treat skin diseases, and heal wounds, its protein-rich seeds have not yet received proper attention for extensive investigation. Proteins in sacha inchi seeds are generally known to have antioxidant and antifungal activities and are extensively used nowadays in making protein-rich food alternatives worldwide. Notably, large-scale use of seed proteins has begun in nanoparticle and biofusion technologies related to the human health-benefitting sector. To extract and identify their proteins, the current study examined sacha inchi seeds collected from the Malaysian state of Kedah. Our analysis revealed a protein concentration of 73.8 ± 0.002 mg/g of freeze-dried seed flour. Employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and PEAKS studio analysis, we identified 217 proteins in the seed extract, including 152 with known proteins and 65 unknown proteins. This study marks a significant step towards comprehensively investigating the protein composition of sacha inchi seeds and elucidating their potential applications in the food and biopharmaceutical sectors. Our discoveries not only enhance our knowledge of Sacha inchi's nutritional characteristics but also pave the way for prospective research and innovative advancements in the realms of functional food and health-related domains.
Assessment of sharpening profile effects on the efficiency of cutting tools for tire recycling: a numerical study
Authors: Teran Leonel Alveyro , Cárdenas Leydi Julieta , Ruiz Luis Fernando , Hincapié Duberney 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Recycling end-of-life tires (ELTs) poses an enormous challenge in waste management, as tires are not biodegradable and, if not correctly disposed of, can cause problems for human health and the environment. The transportation of ELTs from waste collection points to recycling facilities is one of the biggest problems in the recycling process, as a whole piece of ELT takes a large volume, resulting in high costs and transport delays. Therefore, a possible solution is a pre-cutting process at collection points to reduce volume and facilitate transport. Cutting processes play an essential role; hence, the devices used in this operation must be efficient to keep a minimum energy consumption. This study addresses the numerical evaluation of several blade profiles to find the most efficient regarding the force and work done for the cutting of tire tread. The numerical results regarding the performance of the profiles were validated experimentally confirming that the most efficient geometry between the evaluated correspond to a hollow profile.
Spread of Plasmids Carrying Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Soil-Lettuce-Snail Food Chain
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Ji Yan , Tang Xinyue , Chen Minglong , Su Jianqiang 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Agricultural activities such as fertilization change the composition of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) and their host bacteria in agricultural fields, while complex microbial activities contribute to the transfer of ARGs and their host bacteria into crops and their transmission to humans through the consumption of agricultural products. The spread of plasmid-mediated ARGs in the farm food chain is unknown, as is the risk of their transfer to human pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, this study constructed a farmland food chain with soil-lettuce-snail as a typical structure, added genetically engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens containing multidrug-resistant plasmid RP4 to track its spread in the farmland food chain, and used different fertilization methods (no fertilization, chemical fertilizer application and manure application) to explore its influence on the spread and diffusion of ARGs and intl1 in the farmland food chain. It was found that exogenous Pseudomonas can enter plants from soil and pass into snails' intestines, and there is horizontal gene transfer phenomenon of RP4 plasmid in bacteria. The addition of exogenous drug-resistant bacteria had different effects on the total abundance of ARGs and intl1 at different interfaces of the food chain, but fertilization, especially manure, not only promoted the spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the transfer of RP4 plasmid levels, but also significantly increased the total abundance of ARGs and intl1 at all interfaces of the food chain. The main ARGs host bacteria in the food chain include Proteobacteria, Bacteroides and Firmicutes, while Flavobacterium of Bacteroides is the unique potential host bacteria of RP4 plasmid, and fertilization obviously increases the abundance of Bacteroides. To sum up, this study provides reference for the risk assessment of ARGs spreading to human body through food chain.
Loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population: prevalence trends and relations to mental and self-rated health
Authors: Parlikar Nayan , Kvaløy Kirsti , Strand Linn Beate , Espnes Geir Arild , Moksnes Unni Karin 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Loneliness has become a significant public health problem and should be addressed with more research on the prevalence and associations of loneliness among adolescents over a broader period. This study investigates the variations in the prevalence of loneliness among a nationally representative study population of Norwegian adolescents over the last three decades and whether age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress are associated with these changes.
Methods
Adolescents aged 13–19 years completed the structured and validated questionnaires from the three waves of the Young-HUNT Study: 1995–1997, 2006–2008, and 2017–2019. Loneliness was measured with one item asking, `Are you lonely? Hopkins Symptom Checklist-5 was used to measure anxiety and depression (cut-off ≥ 2). Self-rated health was assessed by a single question ‘How is your health at the moment?’ Measures were provided by self-report. Descriptive analyses were stratified by age, gender, self-rated health, and mental distress. Linear-by-Linear association test across survey years was performed to test time trends of loneliness. Logistic regression was used to analyze the cross-sectional associations of self-rated health and mental distress with loneliness, adjusting for sociodemographic factors in all three waves of Young-HUNT.
Results
Loneliness prevalence doubled from 5.9% in 1995/97 to 10.2% in 2017/19 in the total population sample. The highest loneliness prevalence and an increase from 8.9% in 1995/97 to 16.7% in 2017/19 was observed in girls of 16–19 years. Among mentally distressed adolescents, loneliness increased from 22.3% in 1995/97 to 32.8% in 2006/08 and lowered to 27% in 2017/19. Increasing loneliness prevalence was seen in those with poor self-rated health, i.e., 14.6% in 1995-97 and 26.6% in 2017-19. Mental distress and poor self-rated health were associated with higher odds of loneliness in each wave (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The results highlight the increasing burden of loneliness in the Norwegian adolescent population, especially girls. Those with mental distress and poor self-rated health have a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. Thus, health-promoting upbringing environments for children and adolescents that support mutual affinity, social support integration, and belongingness in adolescents’ daily arenas are essential.
Extremely low ethnic diversity amongst UK marine and environmental science graduates
Authors: Ford Alex , Shankar Amruthavarshini , Reynolds Sarah , Bachiller-Jareno Nuria 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

The planet is facing a triple crisis from climate change, biodiversity loss, and a pollution crisis. The UK, like any country needs to attract and train the best available talent to become thought leaders to overcome these global challenges. A number of STEM subjects in the UK face challenges with attracting ethnic minority students, but there is a particular gap in our understanding across environmental and marine science subjects. As part of a wider project on diversity in UK environmental and marine science, we have conducted an analysis of approximately 18,000 applications amongst 180 environmental and 88 marine science degrees in the UK between 2019–2021 and have found them to be the least diverse degree subjects for ethnic minority students. Asian students were less likely to be accepted compared to white students on environmental science degrees, with no differences observed for marine science degrees. A survey of 46 UK marine science course/module leaders highlights that they are aware of the problem and believe that this issue is impacting the pipeline of diversity from higher education (HE) institutions to marine/environmental science careers. In this paper, we discuss the impacts of these findings and develop a roadmap to change.
Relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a residential building in Central Europe
Authors: Božič Anže 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Relative humidity and temperature in indoor spaces are two important environmental factors that not only determine the behaviour and well-being of residents but also influence airborne transmission of diseases in closed spaces. Since outdoor values of these two variables are often more convenient to measure, they are commonly taken as a proxy for their indoor values; however, the correlation between them is not always straightforward. We explore the relationships between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in a residential building apartment in a temperate climate in Central Europe. Measurements performed over the period of one year allow for a detailed comparison and analysis of correlations between both daily averages as well as daily profiles of indoor and outdoor variables. The results of this study add further evidence to the observations that day-to-day variation in indoor temperature and relative humidity are not well-represented by outdoor measurements. This work also adds to the growing body of data on indoor environmental variables and should thus prove useful in studies aiming to determine the influence of relative humidity and temperature on indoor transmission of airborne diseases as well as in studies examining the influence of these two variables on the well-being of building residents.
Unveiling Asymmetric Geometry of Broad-Line Region in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Feng Hai-Cheng , Li Sha-Sha , Liu Hong-Tao , BAI Jinming , Ji Xiang , Pang Yu-Xuan , Cheng Cheng , Lu Kai-Xing , Wang Jian-Guo , Li Rui 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Broad emission lines of active galactic nuclei originate from the broad-line region, consisting of dense gas clouds in orbit around an accreting supermassive black hole. Understanding the geometry and kinematics of the region is crucial for gaining insights into the physics and evolution of this population. Conventional velocity-resolved reverberation mapping cannot disentangle the degeneracy between intricate motion and geometry of this region by measuring the light travel time of central ionizing photons to clouds with different velocities. To address this challenge, new key constraints are required. Here, we report the discovery of asymmetric broad-line region using a novel technique: velocity-resolved ionization mapping. By analyzing spectroscopic monitoring data, we demonstrate that the Hydrogen line ratio can constrain the distance of emitting gas clouds, and find tight correlations between lags and flux ratios at different velocities of broad emission lines. Some line ratio profiles obviously deviate from the prediction of symmetric broad-line region. Asymmetric geometry is required, potentially represents formation imprint of broad-line region, provides clues to the evolution of active galactic nuclei, and influences the mass measurement of supermassive black hole.
Integrative multi-omics profiling reveals the molecular subtypes and circulating biomarkers for pediatric mitochondrial disease
Authors: Lyu Jianxin , Lou Xiaoting , Chen Zhehui , Zhao Qiongya , Zhou Yuwei , Zeng Xiaofei , Ma Xue , Luo Peng , Zhang Chunxia , Zhang Luyi , Xie Yaojun , Wang Ya , Dong Qiyu , Yin Xiaojie , Guo Tiannan , Fang Hezhi , Yang Yanling 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Pediatric mitochondrial disease (PMD) refers the MD happened before 14 years old, which is a collection of rare, heterogenies and lethal syndromes. However, PMD still lacks molecular subtypes and a noninvasive diagnostic biomarker for precise medication and early diagnosis. By using multi-omics analyses for the discovery cohort, the molecular subtypes and robust biomarkers firstly discovered. The biomarkers further validated in an independent cohort. We found multiple energetic pathways altered in the PMD plasma (proteomics and metabolomics) and blood cells (transcriptomes), indicating the qualification of working pipelines. Some pathways were discovered without expectation may provide new insight into PMD pathogenesis. Molecular subtypes modeling revealed that PMD can be calcified into “AA-META”, “LIP-META” and “MIDDLE-META”, interestingly, the “AA-META” correlated with severe symptoms with a higher rate of neurologic and cardiac affected. Based on three machine learning algorithms, we discovered a panel of biomarkers with 13 molecules (1 gene, 2 proteins, and 10 metabolites), including classic (lactate, pyruvate) and novel biomarkers, showed more effective diagnosis rate of PMD (AUC=0.947) than reported ones. Overall, our work defined molecular subtypes of PMD and established a new panel of biomarkers for the precision diagnosis of PMD.
Preliminary study on DCE-MRI radiomics analysis for differentiation of HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer
Authors: Yin Liang , Zhang Yun , Qin Rong , Xiang Ling-ling , Zhang Qing , Wu Ting , Shaibu Zakari , Fang Yue , Xiao Xiu-di , Shan Xiu-hong 
Published: October 2023

Abstract

Purpose
This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of radiomic features obtained by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in distinguishing HER2-low from HER2-zero breast cancer.
Patients and methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of 118 MRI cases, including 78 HER2-low and 40 HER2-zero patients confirmed by immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization. For each case in the DCE-MRI phase, a region of interest (ROI) was determined and 960 radiomics were extracted. Lasso regression was used to identify similar features with HER2-low and HER2-zero variants. The effectiveness of the model in distinguishing between HER2-low and HER2-zero was assessed using logistic regression (LR). Additionally, an integrated radiological model was developed to include Rad scores obtained from DCE-MRI and clinic-radiological semantic features and visualized as a radiomics nomogram using logistic regression model.
Results
The logistic regression model demonstrated excellent performance, attaining area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.875 and 0.845 on the training and testing sets, respectively, outperforming the clinical model on both sets (AUC = 0.691 and AUC = 0.672). Higher HER2 risk factors were associated with increased Rad-score and Time intensity curve (TIC). In both sets, the radiomics nomogram performed better than models containing only clinic-radiological semantic features or radiomics signatures, with AUC, sensitivity, and specificity values ​​of 0.892 and 79.6% and 82.8% in the training set, and 0.886, 83.3%, and 90.9% in the testing set respectively.
Conclusions
The combined radiomic nomogram based on DCE-MRI demonstrated promising potential in predicting the difference between HER2-low and HER2-zero status in breast cancer patients.
Characteristics of 200 patients with somatoform pain disorder
Authors: Barth Lena , Baumbach Linda , Hajek André , Goetzmann Lutz , Feiks Katrin , Rufer Michael , Schwegler Kyrill , Schwennen Bianca , Bernhardt Kirstin , Wutzler Uwe , Kaiser Paul , Ruettner Barbara , Siegel Adrian M. 
Published: October 2023

Abstract
Background
Patients with somatoform pain experience physical pain, that cannot be attributed to any underlying medical or physiological cause, and it is often thought to be related to psychological factors. Health professionals encounter difficulties identifying this specific type of chronic pain, leading to suboptimal treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with somatoform pain, to support the identification of affected patients.
Methods
We collected and analyzed data of a multicentre cross-sectional study from 200 patients with somatoform pain admitted to psychosomatic centers in Germany between July 2013 and Juli 2014. The survey contains ten different categories, all of them referring to pain related topics. Here, we present the following five: Personal data, Body: Pain perception, Cognition: Pain processing, Pain behavior, and Physical complaints.
Results
Our results highlight that most of these patients experience persisting pain in several body parts, which lasts > 12 hours/day (50%), and is constantly changing (71%). Furthermore, patients indicate feelings of helplessness by agreeing to expressions like "the pain is controlling me" (70%). Finally, we found that pain is recognized less in a symbolic way, but predominantly seen as suffering by the patients, despite cognitively acknowledging the dependency of emotional and physical pain.
Conclusion
The study identified specific and distinctive characteristics in the emotional and behavioral responses of patients with somatoform pain, potentially distinguishing them from other patients with chronic pain and helping clinicians to identify these patients.