bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale circulating proteome association study (CPAS) meta-analysis identifies circulating proteins and pathways predicting incident hip fractures
Authors: Austin Thomas R , Fink Howard A , Jalal Diana I , Törnqvist Anna E , Buzkova Petra , Barzilay Joshua I , Lu Tianyuan , Carbone Laura , Gabrielsen Maiken E , Grahnemo Louise , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Kizer Jorge R , Langhammer Arnulf , Mukamal Kenneth J , Gerszten Robert E , Nethander Maria , Psaty Bruce M , Robbins John A , Sun Yan V , Skogholt Anne Heidi , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Valderrabano Rodrigo J , Zheng Jie , Richards J Brent , Coward Eivind , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Hip fractures are associated with significant disability, high cost, and mortality. However, the exact biological mechanisms underlying susceptibility to hip fractures remain incompletely understood. In an exploratory search of the underlying biology as reflected through the circulating proteome, we performed a comprehensive Circulating Proteome Association Study (CPAS) meta-analysis for incident hip fractures. Analyses included 6430 subjects from two prospective cohort studies (Cardiovascular Health Study and Trøndelag Health Study) with circulating proteomics data (aptamer-based 5 K SomaScan version 4.0 assay; 4979 aptamers). Associations between circulating protein levels and incident hip fractures were estimated for each cohort using age and sex-adjusted Cox regression models. Participants experienced 643 incident hip fractures. Compared with the individual studies, inverse-variance weighted meta-analyses yielded more statistically significant associations, identifying 23 aptamers associated with incident hip fractures (conservative Bonferroni correction 0.05/4979, P &lt; 1.0 × 10−5). The aptamers most strongly associated with hip fracture risk corresponded to two proteins of the growth hormone/insulin growth factor system (GHR and IGFBP2), as well as GDF15 and EGFR. High levels of several inflammation-related proteins (CD14, CXCL12, MMP12, ITIH3) were also associated with increased hip fracture risk. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified reduced LXR/RXR activation and increased acute phase response signaling to be overrepresented among those proteins associated with increased hip fracture risk. These analyses identified several circulating proteins and pathways consistently associated with incident hip fractures. These findings underscore the usefulness of the meta-analytic approach for comprehensive CPAS in a similar manner as has previously been observed for large-scale human genetic studies. Future studies should investigate the underlying biology of these potential novel drug targets.
Inference of Infectious Disease Transmission through a Relaxed Bottleneck Using Multiple Genomes Per Host
Authors: Carson Jake , Keeling Matt , Wyllie David , Ribeca Paolo , Didelot Xavier 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIn recent times, pathogen genome sequencing has become increasingly used to investigate infectious disease outbreaks. When genomic data is sampled densely enough amongst infected individuals, it can help resolve who infected whom. However, transmission analysis cannot rely solely on a phylogeny of the genomes but must account for the within-host evolution of the pathogen, which blurs the relationship between phylogenetic and transmission trees. When only a single genome is sampled for each host, the uncertainty about who infected whom can be quite high. Consequently, transmission analysis based on multiple genomes of the same pathogen per host has a clear potential for delivering more precise results, even though it is more laborious to achieve. Here, we present a new methodology that can use any number of genomes sampled from a set of individuals to reconstruct their transmission network. Furthermore, we remove the need for the assumption of a complete transmission bottleneck. We use simulated data to show that our method becomes more accurate as more genomes per host are provided, and that it can infer key infectious disease parameters such as the size of the transmission bottleneck, within-host growth rate, basic reproduction number, and sampling fraction. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method in applications to real datasets from an outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa amongst cystic fibrosis patients and a nosocomial outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Copper metabolism and its implications for canine nutrition
Authors: Amundson Laura A , Kirn Brent N , Swensson Erik J , Millican Allison A , Fahey George C 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Canine copper nutrition has received increased attention due to recent reports of apparent copper-associated hepatitis in the USA and European Union. In order to properly address the need to modify the U.S. National Research Council and Association of American Feed Control Officials canine copper recommendations that will have implications for all dogs, it is important to understand the complexities of copper metabolism, confounding variables affecting copper status, and the available research on this topic in dogs. Recent trends in consumer preference for dog diets, supplements, and functional treats introduce another layer of complexity, as most ingredients used in these formulations provide vastly different proportions of essential nutrients, thus resulting in great variation in nutrient profiles available to the animal. Although controlled research addressing copper metabolism in dogs is limited, there are lessons to be learned from other monogastric species as well as canine case studies that can provide a base for increasing knowledge to address this issue. Copper metabolism and status in animals is affected by a multitude of factors including absorption, storage, excretion, and nutrient interactions. Given its vital role in many physiological processes, it is important that both nutritional deficiencies and toxicities be avoided. Additionally, another challenge for proper copper nutrition in dogs is the known genetic predispositions of some breeds for copper storage and excretion abnormalities. Therefore, it is imperative that veterinarians, nutritionists, and pet food manufacturers collaborate with the shared goal of providing dog food options that supply the essential nutrients at adequate concentrations to support an active and healthy life. Many questions remain regarding copper metabolism and proper diet formulation for dogs. Future research efforts should focus on discovering reliable, non-invasive methods for evaluating canine copper status, a deeper understanding of genetic predispositions of certain breeds, increased knowledge of copper contributions from various ingredients, and the role of unpredictable physiological stressors on copper metabolism.
A review of the contemporary use of inotropes in patients with heart failure
Authors: Neicheril Radhika , Snipelisky David 
Published: January 2024

Purpose of review
The role of inotropes has evolved with its use now expanding over multiple indications including cardiogenic shock, low cardiac output states, bridging therapy to transplant or mechanical support, and palliative care. There remains no consensus as to the recommended inotrope for the failing heart. We aim to provide an overview of the recent literature related to inotrope therapy and its application in patients with advanced heart failure and hemodynamic compromise.

Recent findings
In this review, we outline various clinical scenarios that warrant the use of inotrope therapy and the associated recommendations. There remains no mortality benefit with inotrope use. Per American Heart Association recommendations, the choice of the inotropic agent should be guided by parameters such as blood pressure, concurrent arrhythmias, and availability of the medication. Outcome variability remains a heightened concern with inpatient inotropic use in both hemodynamically stable and unstable patients. Finally, inotropic use in palliative care continues to be a recommendation for symptom control and improvement in functional status when the appropriate social support is present for the patient.

Summary
In summary, the ideal inotropic agent remains at the discretion of the clinical provider. Different clinical scenarios may favor one agent over another based on the type of cardiogenic shock and mechanism of action of the inotrope. A future shift towards characterizing inotrope use based on subgroup cardiogenic shock profiles may be seen, however further studies are needed to better understand these phenotypes. Inotrope therapy remains a keystone to bridging to advanced therapies and palliative care.
Characterization and Treatment of Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury—Comparison of Characteristics Between Individuals With Current Pain, Past Pain, and No Pain: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project
Authors: Harrison-Felix Cynthia , Sevigny Mitch , Beaulieu Cynthia L. , Callender Librada , Dams-O'Connor Kristen , Hammond Flora M. , Hanks Robin , Ketchum Jessica M. , Martin Aaron M. , Marwitz Jennifer H. , Peckham Mackenzie , Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Sander Angelle M. , Sterling Ally , Walker William C. , Nakase-Richardson Risa , Hoffman Jeanne M. 
Published: January 2024

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify characteristics that differ from those without chronic pain.

Setting:
Community.

Participants:
A total of 3804 TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) participants who completed the Pain Survey at TBIMS follow-up.

Design:
A multisite, cross-sectional observational cohort study.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Functional outcomes, pain experience, and treatment.

Results:
46% reported current chronic pain, 14% reported past (post-injury) chronic pain, and 40% reported no chronic pain. Bivariate differences in sociodemographic and injury characteristics between the 3 pain groups were generally small in effect size, reflecting little clinical difference. However, medium effect sizes were seen for all functional outcomes, such that individuals with current chronic pain had worse functional outcomes compared with individuals in the past pain or no pain groups. Treatment utilization rates were higher for individuals with current chronic pain compared with past pain, with medical treatments being most frequently utilized. Individuals with past pain perceived more improvement with treatment than did those with current chronic pain as represented by a large effect size.

Conclusions:
Chronic pain affects approximately 60% of those living with TBI. The implications of chronic pain for functional outcomes support inclusion of pain metrics in prognostic models and observational studies in this population. Future research is needed to proactively identify those at risk for the development of chronic pain and determine the efficacy and access to pain treatment.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and Down syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kudsi Maysoun , Haj Ali Diaa , Khalayli Naram , Jaber Samah , Almasri Rama Nasser Mansour 
Published: January 2024

Introduction:
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can involve any organ system, and may lead to significant morbidity and even mortality. Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disabilities, typically caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21.

Case presentation:
A 47-year-old Syrian female of DS who complained of low-grade fever, oral aphthae, fatigue, and arthralgia three months before presentation. Although the patient was diagnosed with phenotypically and gynogenically DS, a milder mosaic type was identified. She appeared fatigued with a blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, pulse 104/min, temp 100 F, having oral ulcers, tenderness of joints on palpation, haemoglobin 9.4 g/dl, white blood cells 10.9/mm3, platelets 87 000×109/cm with C-reactive protein of 2,3 mg/dl, and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 68. Urea 33 mg/dl with creatinine 0.9. The rest of the tests were unremarkable. Urine analysis was normal.

Discussion:
The prevalence of SLE in DS in the literature was found only in five cases, with different presentations, in the last 36 years. In our case the patient presented with mild lupus manifestations and responded well to steroids and hydroxychloroquine. Also, In our case, an onset of SLE in an old DS (DS female patient), whereas SLE is more frequent in childbirth-aged women, in addition to that DS patients had a short life expectancy.

Conclusions:
DS is associated with a predisposition to developing connective tissue disorders, especially in young females. unfortunately, patients were not diagnosed in all five cases until later with a flare because of the cognitive defect.
Knowledge, attitude and practice towards Hepatitis B vaccination among medical undergraduate students of Maharajgunj Medical Campus in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dahal Krishna , Rawal Laba , Shah Sangam , Dahal Mahesh , Shrestha Gambhir 
Published: January 2024

Background:The rate of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among health professionals is about 2–10 times higher than that of the general population since, they are more prone for exposure to infected blood and body fluid and contaminated needles and syringes. The risk of accidental exposure among the medical students is even higher due to their non-experience, insufficient training and lack of preventive knowledge. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical students towards Hepatitis B.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 206 medical undergraduate students from May 2022 to July 2022. A pretested self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Hepatitis B vaccination. Non-probability convenience sampling was used to collect data. Descriptive analysis was done by calculating frequency and percentages of categorical variables. χ2test was used to determine the association between categorical independent variables and categorical dependent variables.Results:Among 206 students, 93.7% of them had good knowledge and 98.5% had good attitude. The practice was low with only 35% having safe practices. Similarly, only 46.6% of medical students were completely vaccinated. 23.8% had done Hepatitis B testing. Students who had encountered Hepatitis B patients during their posting were 51.9%. There was significant association of sociodemographic variables with knowledge, attitude and practice towards Hepatitis B vaccination.Conclusion:Although, the knowledge and attitude towards Hepatitis B vaccination is high, the practice levels are very low. This indicates need for immunizing medical students against Hepatitis B and reforming training curriculum more focusing on preventive practices against HBV.
177Lu-PSMA-617 Therapy in a Case of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Qu Gengcuo , Hua Qingchu , Li Hongmei , Zhang Yu , Chen Yue 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
We report a 65-year-old man with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who was treated with 2 cycles of 177Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. PET/CT imaging of 68Ga-PSMA-11 revealed a complete metabolic response (PERCIST1.0) after therapy. The prostate-specific antigen concentration drastically decreased (97.7% down).
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Found Lower Respiratory Tract Inflammation Due to Inhaler Use
Authors: Beyhan Ediz , Aksoy Tamer , Alçin Göksel , Arslan Esra , Çermik Tevfik Fikret 
Published: January 2024

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein physiologically expressed in nonprostatic tissues. Inflammation and infectious diseases could show false-positive PSMA uptake. Herein, we present a 55-year-old patient’s findings of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract due to inhaler use in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a patient with prostate cancer.
The Impact of the Number of Sutures on Regeneration in Nerve Repair
Authors: Eravsar Ebubekir , Özdemir Ali , Cüce Gökhan , Acar Mehmet A. 
Published: January 2024

Purpose
The ideal number of sutures for epineural nerve repair is still unclear. Increased number of sutures increases secondary damage and inflammation to the nerve tissue, which negatively affects nerve regeneration. When the number of sutures decreases, the strength of the nerve repair site decreases and nerve endings are fringed, which also negatively affects nerve regeneration. Therefore, each additional suture is not only beneficial but also detrimental. The aim of this study was to find out the ideal number of sutures for nerve repair.

Methods
Seventy rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. One of the groups was used as a control group, and right sciatic nerves of the rats in other 4 groups were repaired by using 2, 3, 4, or 6 epineural sutures, respectively, after nerve transection. Biomechanical assessment was performed on the nerves collected from these rats at 5 days of follow-up. Functional and histological analyses were evaluated after 12 weeks of follow-up.

Results
It was found that an increase in the number of sutures enhances resistance to tensile force in general. However, there was no significant biomechanical difference between the 6-sutured group in which the most sutures were used and the 4-sutured group. In functional examinations, overall successful results were obtained in the group with 4 sutures. In histological examinations, there was no statistical difference between the control group, 2-sutured groups, and 4-sutured groups in terms of connective tissue index. However, it was observed that the group with 6 sutures had a higher connective tissue index than the control group and groups with 2 and 4 sutures. In terms of regeneration index, it was found that repair with 4 sutures was superior to repair with 2 and 6 sutures. No difference was found between any of the suture groups according to the diameter change index.

Conclusions
These results indicate that repair with 4 sutures is the best method of epineural repair that provides both strength and regeneration. These findings will contribute to both the repair of clinically similar nerves and the standardization of rat nerve studies.
How suitable is freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759) for time-integrated biomonitoring of microbial water quality?
Authors: Cartwright Allison , Dooley James S.G. , McGonigle Chris D. , Arnscheidt Joerg 
Published: January 2024

Faecal pollution of water by bacteria has a negative effect on water quality and can pose a potential health hazard. Conventional surveillance of microbial water quality relies on the analysis of low frequency spot samples and is thus likely to miss episodic or periodic pollution. This study aimed to investigate the potential of filter feeding sponges for time-integrated biomonitoring of microbial water quality. Laboratory trials tested the effects of different ratios of bacterial abundance and the sequence of exposure on bacterial retention by the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1759) to establish its potential to indicate bacterial exposure.

Gemmule grown sponges were simultaneously exposed to Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis but at different ratios (Trial 1) or individually exposed to each bacterial species but in different sequential order (Trial 2). The E. coli and E. faecalis retained in each sponge was quantified by culture on selective agars. Data analysis was conducted using the Kruskal- Wallis test and/ or the Mann Whitney U test to compare between the numbers of bacteria retained in each treatment. Additionally, the Wilcoxon Matched-Paired Signed-Rank test was used for comparison of the different bacterial abundances retained within each individual sponge.

Sponges from all trials retained E. coli and E. faecalis in small numbers relative to the exposure (<0.05% Trial 1 and <0.07% Trial 2) but exhibited higher retention of E. coli. Higher abundance of either bacterial species resulted in significantly lower (p<0.005) retention of the same species within sponges (Trial 1). An initial exposure to E. coli resulted in significantly higher (p=0.040) retention of both bacterial species than when sponges were exposed to E. faecalis first (Trial 2).

Bacterial retention by sponges was neither representative of bacterial abundance in the ambient water nor the sequence of exposure. This implies either selective filtration or an attempt by sponges to prevent infection. However, freshwater sponges may still be useful in biomonitoring as qualitative time-integrated samplers of faecal indicator bacteria.
Experimental and computational study of the core-level crossing transition in iridium at high pressure
Authors: Storm C. V. , Woolman G. A. , Lonsdale C. M. , McHardy J. D. , Duff M. J. , Ackland G. J. , McMahon M. I. 
Published: January 2024

A core-level crossing (CLC) resulting from extreme compression has been calculated to occur in Ir metal at 80 GPa, analogous to a transition previously reported in Os at 392 GPa. We present results from static high-pressure diffraction experiments and theoretical investigations on the compressive behavior of Ir up to 159 GPa, well above the calculated CLC transition pressure. Neither our experimental nor computational results find evidence for a CLC over this pressure range, and instead, our first-principles calculations suggest that the CLC occurs in Ir at the much higher pressure of 400 GPa. Furthermore, computational analysis of the CLC in Ir, combined with previous work on Os, indicates that CLCs at high pressure are not experimentally detectable.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Localized modes in the IR phase of QCD
Authors: Alexandru Andrei , Horváth Ivan , Bhattacharyya Neel 
Published: January 2024

Infrared (IR) dimension function dIR(λ) characterizes the space effectively utilized by QCD quarks at Dirac scale λ, and indirectly the space occupied by glue fields. It was proposed that its nonanalytic behavior in thermal reflects the separation of QCD system into an IR component and an independent bulk. Here we study the “plateau modes” in the IR component, whose dimensional properties were puzzling. Indeed, in the recent scenario of transition to IR phase, this low-dimensional plateau connects the Anderson-like mobility edge λIR=0 in Dirac spectrum with mobility edges ±λA. For this structure to be truly Anderson-like, plateau modes have to be exponentially localized, implying that both the effective distances Leff∝Lγ and the effective volumes Veff∝LdIR in these modes grow slower than any positive power of IR cutoff L. Although γ=0 was confirmed in the plateau, it was found that dIR≈1. Here we apply the recently proposed technique to the problem. We conclude that a plateau mode of pure-glue QCD at UV cutoff a=0.085  fm occupies a subvolume of IR dimension zero with probability at least 0.9999, substantiating this aspect of metal-to-critical scenario to a respective degree.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024