bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of a Rod Subjected to a Water Axial Flow in a Nuclear Core Relevant Configuration
Authors: Vivaldi Daniele , Pulicani Roxan 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Forces exerted by the water coolant flow in nuclear reactor cores result in fuel rod and fuel assembly vibrations. The consistent prediction of such turbulence-induced forces by CFD simulations requires turbulence scale-resolving approaches with highly refined grid sizes. With the goal of assessing the capabilities of CFD simulations to predict fluid-induced vibrations in such configurations, this paper presents fluid-structure coupled simulations of an experimental campaign of a single vertical rod subjected to an axial water flow. The rod is cantilever, the water flow impacts the rod free-end, and then rises upward from the rod free-end towards the clamped end. The flow is confined inside an annular channel. The resulting simplified configuration is relevant for water-cooled reactor cores. The numerical simulations were realized with the CFD code code Saturne, inside which an Euler-Bernoulli finite element beam model was implemented, allowing 2-way coupled calculations. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method was used for taking into account the structure deformation inside the fluid domain. URANS and hybrid URANS/LES simulations were run: as expected, the former was definitely uncapable of predicting the correct rod vibration response, which are largely underestimated; on the other hand, DDES was found to predict vibrations amplitudes of the same order of magnitude as the experimental measurements.
A Continuation of Evaluating the Sealing Performance of Engineering PTFE-Based Gaskets in Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic Flange
Authors: Berrios Aidan , Rice Tim , Wilson Jeffery 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Proper gasket selection for fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) flanges is critical to the long-term success of the flanged connection. Typically, the chemical capability and the finical aspects of the gasket material dictate the materials recommended for use in the system. While chemical compatibility is essential and has to be a factor in determining the correct material, the sealing performance of the material should also be heavily considered during this process. However, limited efforts have been allocated to evaluate the sealing performance of the various gasket materials in FRP systems. Historically, full-face elastomer gaskets have been utilized in FRP connections. This is primarily influenced by elastomeric materials’ inherent ability to seal at low gasket stresses and various available elastomeric materials with broad chemical resistance. The low stress to seal materials are a benefit for flange designers; however, elastomeric materials have less than ideal mechanical characteristics in flanged connections, leading to long-term service reliability issues.
The industry has dealt with these issues for decades, and now that engineered PTFE-based products are commercially available, they have started utilizing them with positive results. Based on the testing protocol and research discovered in the PVP paper PVP2022-80474 [1], the authors aim to continue this endeavor by testing additional materials to expand the industry’s knowledge and awareness.
This paper compares the sealing performance of two additional PTFE-based gaskets and two elastomer-based gaskets under these test parameters. This evaluation will provide end-users with a comprehensive method of assessing gasket styles and guiding proper gasket selection for FRP flange services.
PRCI Burst Pressure Model Modernization and Performance
Authors: Lamborn Lyndon , Kwok Ernest , Polasik Steven J. , Hanna Benjamin 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) contracted development and deployment of a burst pressure prediction fracture mechanics model in 2001, embodied in the CorLAS™ V2.0 software. Since that time, many North American operators have made this model an integral part of their integrity management processes with excellent track records for both effectiveness and efficiency. Even though the PRCI burst model originally targeted pipe body stress corrosion cracking, operators have found the model performs equally well for discrete crack-like features associated with long seam welds, and highly versatile in estimating burst pressures of irregularly shaped crack-likes reported by both in-line inspection tools and field non-destructive evaluations. The question is: can application of the model evolve to address emerging threats and trends?
As the pipeline industry transitions away from Charpy V-Notch energy as a low fidelity fracture toughness surrogate, Enbridge has repackaged the PRCI burst model to accept K toughness directly, and referred to as KorLAS herein to denote K input built on legacy CorLAS™ equations and empiricism. KorLAS performance over the tested range of flaw dimensions, pipe steel toughness, wall thicknesses, crack morphology, and crack shape are assessed and compared to test and forensic data.
The pipeline industry has emerging technologies which are able to detect, size, and report selective seam weld corrosion (SSWC) features. The predicted burst pressures of SSWC features have historically been difficult to predict. A reasonable and prudent tailored KorLAS input method to assess SSWC fitness for service is presented.
KorLAS performance at lower toughness has been difficult to validate or judge due to the scarcity of available test data. Test data now made available to the public allows tentative envelope expansion down to about the 10th percentile toughness observed in North American vintage line pipe. Although cold welds can be problematic to detect, KorLAS performance in assessment of cold welds is evaluated against available test data.
Development of Prediction Tool for Flow-Accelerated Corrosion: (3) Development and Validation of Prediction Software “FALSET” With Water Single-Phase FAC Data Obtained in Japanese BWR Plants
Authors: Uchiyama Yuta , Morita Ryo , Fujiwara Kazutoshi , Yoneda Kimitoshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The current management of the pipe wall thinning of Japanese nuclear power plants is based on the thinning rate and residual lifetime evaluated using the measured pipe wall thickness. For the improvement of the current management in Japan, we have developed an original prediction software for pipe wall thinning named FALSET. FALSET can predict the maximum thinning rate in each pipe component in one-dimensional pipelines by using our simplified prediction models for the local thinning rate of flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) and liquid droplet impingement erosion (LDI). In this report, we describe the validation and improvement of FALSET using water single-phase FAC data on feedwater and condensate lines in Japanese boiling water reactors (BWRs) under a neutral pH 7.0 condition with dissolved oxygen. The results show that FALSET has high predictive performance for water single-phase FAC data obtained in Japanese BWR plants.
Seismic Response of Tubes Vibrating Independently in In-Plane Direction for U-Shaped Tube Bundle With Triangular Arrays in Steam Generators
Authors: Monde Masatsugu , Ono Naoki , Nakamori Tomohito , Hirota Kazuo , Matsubara Masahito , Mineno Tomonori , Taguchi Koshi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Ensuring a complete integrity of steam generators’ tubes during earthquakes is critical. In order to predict the vibration behavior of tube bundle in in-plane direction, seismic tests for U-shaped tube bundle with square arrays had been carried out. During the tests, vibrations were observed in the tube bundle at the location where the tubes and the AVBs vibrate as a whole structure. Independent vibrations for some tubes were also observed at the location where the tubes slide with the AVBs and impact with the adjacent tubes. As for the seismic design, carrying out an evaluation of the tube stress for independent vibrations was sufficient, because the maximum stress of the tubes was much larger than that of the tube bundle vibration.
Since tube bundles with triangular arrays have different tube pitches, seismic excitation tests were carried out for this study, to grasp the vibration characteristics of the tubes in in-plane direction. Independent vibrations were observed for some tubes during the tests. The effects of the excitation level, the dominant frequency of excitation wave and the bending radius on independent vibration characteristics were investigated. The damping ratio of independent vibrations is mainly caused by friction force at low velocity, and by impact force with adjacent tube at high velocity. Tube stress of the independent vibration was calculated using the minimum damping ratio obtained from the tests. It was concluded that the calculation can conservatively evaluate the stress of tubes vibrating independently by comparing with the test results.
An Introduction to ASD and LRFD and Its Application to Pressure Vessels and Piping
Authors: Kirkpatrick Kenneth , Millet Barry , Mosher Bryan , Wey Eric , Mejia Felipe 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
This paper is an introduction to Allowable Stress Design (ASD-Stress), Allowable Strength Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and their application to pressure equipment. Many new and experienced mechanical engineers have little or no previous exposure to LRFD which results in misunderstandings between mechanical and structural engineers regarding the meaning and interpretation of loads (particularly wind and seismic). Some history regarding the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 360) will be provided noting how changes in the specification over the years have influenced the design codes for pressure vessels and piping. Additionally, some background will be presented regarding the load combinations and loads provided by different versions of ASCE 7 otherwise known as the Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. The design methodologies, loads, load combinations and associated factors will be discussed and demonstrated how they should be applied to the design of pressure vessels and piping. Lastly, design and serviceability examples will be provided.
Understanding Hydrogen Leakage With Standard ASME B16.20 and ASME B16.21 Gaskets
Authors: General Justinn , Norman Dale 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The hydrogen industry has been identified as a key decarbonization technology with its demand projected to grow five-fold, which can be seen by the influx of capital investment from the United States and globally. Several new projects are breaking ground with the goal of producing 50 million metric tons/year by 2050 in the United States and 500 million metric tons/year globally.
Currently, for several of the standards that are being used, such as ASME B31.12-2019 [1] (Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines), a majority of the sealing components call for standard gaskets from ASME B16.20 [2] and ASME B16.21 [3]. However, much is still relatively unknown regarding the potential leak rates of these standard gaskets or if the use poses any potential risks. In order to support the industry, we have performed EN 13555 [4] leak testing using 100% hydrogen across several different gaskets: ASME B16.20 [2] spiral wound, grooved metal gaskets, and alternate geometries and constructions, ASME B16.21 [3] rings with different materials including expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and fluoroelastomer (FKM).
From what was observed, the permeability of hydrogen from the gaskets evaluated varies based on several different factors such as: sealing design, material, and facing material, some of which has a greater effect on creating a seal. This paper will discuss in depth the results of these gaskets tested with hydrogen and additionally make correlations to its sealability using helium.
Effect of Differential Oxidation of Graphite Crystallites on the Elastic Moduli of Nuclear Graphites
Authors: Spicer James B. , Contescu Cristian I. , Arregui-Mena José David , Lin Lianshan , Berry Ellen , Gallego Nidia C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The physical properties of nuclear graphites are heavily influenced by a range of defects that arise as a result of the manufacturing processes used to produce these materials. Among these defects, porosity plays an important role in determining properties of bulk graphite including the elastic responses, strength and toughness. It is well known that oxidation processes affect porosity and impact these properties as a result of the modification of the graphite pore structure. During oxidation, porosity increases as a result of chemical reactions between graphite and gas phase species. These reactions occur at rates governed by the availability of reaction sites including those on graphite crystallite basal planes and edge planes. Beyond reaction site availability, differences in reactivity among various portions of the graphite microstructure influence morphological and physical changes to the graphite as porosity evolves. In particular, differences in reactivity between edge and basal plane sites reduce the connectivity of graphite crystallites sharing edge connections more rapidly than the junctions between other portions of the microstructure. This work examines the effect of site reactivities using first-order rate equations to describe differential changes to the graphite microstructure. These changes are related to the elastic connectivity of graphite crystallites and are used to assess the changes in the moduli as porosity increases.
Effects of Cold Temperature on Steel Supports
Authors: Wiseman Phillip , Darade Animesh Anil 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Power-generating plants in the cold regions of the world can have temperatures below −10°C. Steel being the primary material of the piping systems in the energy-producing plant changes its properties when installed in such a freezing environment. So for temperatures below −10°C majority of the steels tends to become more brittle and their toughness is also affected. Some of the carbon steels can retain the same properties until they reach a temperature of −20°c. The suitability of piping systems for temperatures below the ambient temperatures is a function of several variables such as loading, manufacturing procedures, and material properties, also parameters that generally control the susceptibility for brittle fractures are material toughness, crack size, and tensile stress level. There is a need for a screening criterion to decide the suitability of steel which is generally fulfilled by following the codes. If a certain material falls beyond the limit then it is required to undergo impact testing.
Various types of restraints such as struts, shock absorbers, and dynamic clamps are seen in the piping industry which generally serves the purpose of providing support between piping and building structures. This paper mainly focuses on dynamic clamps, specifically dynamic yoke clamps. This type of dynamic clamp has a close fit around the pipe and acts as a restraint for some occasional events such as water hammers, seismic events, etc. This paper also discusses the design and analysis of dynamic yoke clamps subjected to different loads. The results obtained from the analyses are assessed as per different codes to determine whether the impact test is necessary or not. To fall within the limit as per the codes, changes can be made in the geometry, material, and loading.
Effect of Grain-Size on the Creep Residual Life Evaluation in the Framework of the API 579-1 Standard
Authors: Scano Lorenzo , Piccini Francesco , Palomba Salvatore , Bruno Matteo , Esposito Luca 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Creep is a classic inelastic-strain accumulation mechanism of pressure components exposed to high temperature. Due to the long-term exposure, the residual life is usually checked accounting for the steady-state creep, namely the dominant regime in terms of contribution to the accumulated creep strain. The creep-strain accumulation directly depends on the stress field via a constitutive equation that reflects the underlying microstructural phenomenon, namely diffusion and dislocation glide+climb. Moreover, creep diffusion, dominant at low stress, is known to be grain-size dependent. Commonly, the grain-size effect is neglected for two reasons: I) the diffusive regime is completely ignored; II) the structure is considered to have a uniform texture and the same average grain-size. Unfortunately, every time a welding joint is made, the HAZ undergoes a microstructural change, often resulting in a local refinement of the grain-size.
In two previous papers by two of the authors [1][2], the impact of a diffusive plus dislocational creep formulation on the API 579-1 [3] creep residual life was studied for a low-alloy ASME SA-335 P22 butt-weld. In this work the analysis was extended in order to include the impact of the microstructure in terms of grain-size, considering that it directly affects the diffusive creep rate. A FE inelastic model was built up for a butt-weld and the weld zones were characterized with respect to their grain-size. The creep constitutive equations were set up for diffusive and dislocational secondary creep, including the grain-size contribution to the former. The custom user-subroutine employed in the FEA was able to determine the creep-strain accumulation and the API 579-1 creep damage based on the Larson-Miller theory within the different weld zones and the results indicated a damage concentration in the fine-grained intercritical HAZ, which is consistent with the Type-IV cracking of welds in the creep regime.
A Universal Inelastic Constitutive Model for High Temperature Deformation
Authors: Chen Tianju , Messner Mark C. 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Recent work by the ASME Code Committees established a new Nonmandatory Appendix Z to Section III, Division 5 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Code that provides constitutive models for use with the Section III, Division 5 Class A design by inelastic analysis rules. These models promote the use of the more accurate design by inelastic analysis methods by alleviating the designer or owner from the burden of developing and validating a model themselves. Models for four materials — Grade 91 steel, 316H stainless steel, the nickel-based Alloy 617, and the nickel-iron-chromium Alloy 800H — have either been approved or are under consideration at the cognizant ASME Code Committees. All four models have significantly different mathematical forms. While differences in material behavior may justify or require treating each material with a bespoke model, the mathematical exposition and detailed explanation required to describe and document the models in the Code is a significant logistical challenge. That challenge carries over to implementing the models for use in design calculations, as the computer implementations of the models are likewise significantly different. This paper explores the feasibility of a universal high temperature inelastic constitutive model, general enough to accurately capture the key material behavior of these four materials. If such a model exists, it would greatly simplify the new Appendix Z and further reduce the investment required by designers needed to apply the design by inelastic analysis rules. This work therefore attempts to define a generalized constitutive model, fits the model form for the four materials using an extensive experimental test database, collected as part of the effort to develop the original constitutive models, and evaluates the accuracy of the universal models by comparing model predictions against both the experimental data and the current models endorsed or under consideration by the ASME Code Committees.
Evaluation of the Defect Width Effect on the Burst Pressure of a Corroded Pipeline Repaired Using Composite Materials
Authors: Silva Silva-Santisteban Rodrigo , Zhou Wenxing 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
In this study, the corrosion defect width effects on the burst pressure of composite repaired corroded (CRC) pipelines are investigated using extensive parametric elasto-plastic finite element analyses. The finite element model includes constitutive material modelling of both steel and composite and is validated using full-scale burst tests reported in the literature. The parametric analysis considers different values of the defect depths, lengths and widths, and properties of the materials to assess the effect of the defect width as a function of other parameters that affect the burst pressure. The dependency of the critical failure mechanism and burst pressure on the defect shape and size is observed based on the analysis results.
Fracture Mechanics Analysis of Multi-Purpose Canister Under Impact Loading
Authors: Jeong Jae-Yoon , Kim Cheol-Ho , Kim Yun-Jae , Oh Chang-Young , Kim Hune-Tae 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Multi-purpose canisters (MPCs) made of austenitic stainless steel are used to store spent nuclear fuels (SNF) for long periods. During long-term storage, chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) can occur on the external surface of MPC. In this respect, a structural integrity assessment of MPC with possible CISCC defects under accident scenarios such as drop accidents during transportation needs to be performed.
In this paper, fracture mechanics analysis is performed to calculate critical crack sizes under the 9m drop accident suggested at IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) SSR-6 (rev. 1). For the MPC model, the KORAD (Korea Radioactive Waste Agency)-21 model was used. Elastic-plastic impact simulation was firstly performed using the strain-rate dependent material properties to identify critical locations showing the highest stresses during impact. The postulated crack is assumed to be the external semi-elliptical longitudinal and circumferential crack. Then fracture mechanics analysis is performed using the failure assessment diagram (FAD) approach. The reference stress was calculated using the method suggested in API 579/ASME FFS-1. The stress intensity factor is calculated using the weight function method in ASME Section XI, Appendix A. Using the FAD approach, the critical crack size is calculated. The sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the effect of the strain rate on calculated critical crack sizes.
Artificial Neural Network Aided Source Locating for Hazardous Gas Leakage Based on Simulation
Authors: Liu Min , Chen Sheng , Li Fei , Shi Jiarui , He Meng , Wang Jiangyun , Xie Guoshan , Jiang Haiyi 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Rapid source locating of high-risk gas leakage is the key to identification and early pre-control of risks in chemical industrial parks. In this work, a multi-scale dispersion model is established by coupling the traditional atmospheric diffusion model with the diffusion parameters accounting for the turbulent vortex structure, to improve the accuracy of gas diffusion prediction. The locating of the leakage source is performed based on fixed-points monitoring of the gas concentration produced by simulations with multi-scale dispersion model. The relationship between the monitored dataset and the source location is then established through artificial neural network. Finally, a rapid locating method for gas leakage is built. The results show that the simulation accuracy of the diffusion area predicted by the current multi-scale dispersion model with considering the influence of turbulent vortex structure can be significantly improved in comparison with the traditional method. And the leakage source location can be accurately located within 3 s by using the rapid locating method. This source locating method can provide support for the identification, early pre-control of risks, emergency response and rescue of accidents in chemical industrial parks, thereby enhancing security resilience.