bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climatic Change on the Iberian Peninsula Recorded in a 30,000-Yr Pollen Record from Lake Banyoles
Authors: Pèrez-Obiol Ramon , Julià Ramon 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe Banyoles lacustrine sequence shows that the vegetational history of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula during the last 30,000 yr follows the North Atlantic pattern of climatic oscillations. The Banyoles pollen diagram, supported by two calibrated 14C dates and nine U/Th dates, shows a clear interstadial event between 30,000 and 27,000 yr B.P., a Pleniglacial period with minor oscillations that ended abruptly ca. 14,420 ± 410 yr B.P., and a late-glacial sequence that records the classical stages described in Northern Europe: the Bølling-Allerød Interstade, the Younger Dryas event at 12,000 yr B.P. (U-series age), and a short warming phase between the Younger Dryas and the last cold event (dated at 11,000 yr B.P., U-series age).
Debris-Covered Glaciers in the Sierra Nevada, California, and Their Implications for Snowline Reconstructions
Authors: Clark Douglas H. , Clark Malcolm M. , Gillespie Alan R. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIce-walled melt ponds on the surfaces of active valley-floor rock glaciers and Matthes (Little Ice Age) moraines in the southern Sierra Nevada indicate that most of these landforms consist of glacier ice under thin (ca. 1 - 10 m) but continuous covers of rock-fall-generated debris. These debris blankets effectively insulate the underlying ice and greatly reduce rates of ablation relative to that of uncovered ice. Such insulation explains the observations that ice-cored rock glaciers in the Sierra, actually debris-covered glaciers, are apparently less sensitive to climatic warming and commonly advance to lower altitudes than do adjacent bare-ice glaciers. Accumulation-area ratios and toe-to-headwall-altitude ratios used to estimate equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) of former glaciers may therefore yield incorrect results for cirque glaciers subject to abundant rockfall. Inadvertent lumping of deposits from former debris-covered and bare-ice glaciers partially explains an apparently anomalous regional ELA gradient reported for the pre-Matthes Recess Peak Neoglacial advance. Distinguishing such deposits may be important to studies that rely on paleo-ELA estimates. Moreover, Matthes and Recess Peak ELA gradients along the crest evidently depend strongly on local orographic effects rather than latitudinal climatic trends, indicating that simple linear projections and regional climatic interpretations of ELA gradients of small glaciers may be unreliable.
A Preliminary Reconstruction of Rainfall in North-Central China since A.D. 1600 from Tree-Ring Density and Width
Authors: Hughes Malcolm K. , Xiangding Wu , Xuemei Shao , Garfin Gregg M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractMay-June (MJ) and April-July (AJ) precipitation at Huashan in north-central China has been reconstructed for the period A.D. 1600 to 1988 using tree-ring density and width fromPinus armandii. MJ precipitation (based on ring width and maximum latewood density) calibrated and cross-validated against local instrumental data more strongly than AJ precipitation (based only on ring width). A major drought was reconstructed for the mid- and late 1920s, confirmed by local documentary sources. This drought (culminating in 1929) was the most severe of the 389-yr period for MJ and second most severe for AJ, after an event ending in 1683. Neither reconstruction shows much spectral power at frequencies lower than 1 in 10 yr, but both show concentrations of power between 2.1 and 2.7 yr and 3.5 to 9 yr. There are significant correlations between the two reconstructions and a regional dryness/wetness index (DW) based on documentary sources, particularly at high frequencies. These correlations are focused in the 7.6- to 7.3-, 3.8- to 3.6-, and 2.5-yr periods. Using singular spectrum analysis, quasiperiodic behavior with a period close to 7.2 yr was identified in the MJ precipitation reconstruction and in the DW index based on documents.
An Oxygen-Isotope Paleothermometer from Ice in Siberian Permafrost
Authors: Nikolayev Vladimir I. , Mikhalev Dmitry V. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThere is a clear linear relationship between mean annual (or seasonal) air temperature at the Earth's surface and the mean oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in polar regions. Whereas this relationship is well preserved in polar ice caps, it may not be in permafrost because freshly deposited snow in permafrost areas is subjected to great deflation and drifting by wind. Moreover, melting and freezing within the snow cover and the active layer can lead to isotopic fractionation. The δ18O of recent ground ice also depends on its geomorphic context and on the lithology (content of organic matter) of ice-containing sediments. Nevertheless, mean cold-season air temperature near the ground surface and δ18O in recent ground ice are highly correlated. Therefore, the δ18O of ground ice (ice cement and segregated ice) in permafrost areas can be used for paleoclimatic reconstructions.
Response of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to residual soil N following cotton (Gossypium spp.) in rotation in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Authors: BASSIL E. S. , KAFFKA S. R. , HUTMACHER R. A. 
Published: October 2002

Deep-rooted crops used in rotation can improve the overall water and N use efficiencies of cropping systems and help minimize nitrate leaching to groundwater. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a deep-rooted annual crop grown in Mediterranean regions that might be useful for this purpose. Safflower's response to residual soil N measured to 2.7 m in the soil profile was evaluated in 1998 in field plots in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA that were used previously for cotton over a 9-year period and had been fertilized with nine N rates from 0 to 230 kg N/ha. Residual soil NO3-N measured prior to safflower planting increased with prior cotton fertilization rates. Amounts present to a soil profile depth of 2.7 m varied from 760 to 2600 kg/ha. Safflower seed yield increased with increasing pre-plant residual NO3-N levels, from 1700 kg/ha in the control to 2200 kg/ha, and then declined to 1800 kg/ha at the largest residual N level. Oil per cent, and oil yield were affected by soil N only at the largest residual N level, while oil composition was not affected. Root growth and N uptake at depth increased in plots with larger amounts of residual N compared to those with less. Results suggest that N fertilization applied to safflower could be reduced or even eliminated following crops previously fertilized at economic levels. Residual N should be accounted in growers' management programmes.
Variations of lactoperoxidase activity and thiocyanate content in cows' and goats' milk throughout lactation
Authors: FONTEH FLORENCE A. , GRANDISON ALISTAIR S. , LEWIS MICHAEL J. 
Published: October 2002

Lactoperoxidase activity and thiocyanate content were monitored in the milks of seven individual cows and six goats during lactation. Lactoperoxidase activity exhibited a cyclic pattern with alternating peaks and troughs throughout lactation. Extremely large variations were observed between and within animals. For example, lactoperoxidase activity ranged from 0·05–5·60 U/ml for one cow on different sampling days. Variations between cows were also large, ranging from 0·98–5·1 U/ml on a specific sampling day. Mean lactoperoxidase activity in cows ranged from 1·5–2·7 U/ml with an overall mean of 2·3±1·0 U/ml while the thiocyanate concentration ranged from 6·0–10·2 μg/ml with an overall average of 8·5±5·1 μg/ml. Lactoperoxidase activity means for goats ranged from 0·04–0·16 U/ml with a grand mean of 0·1±0·06 U/ml while the thiocyanate content means ranged from 6·6–8·2 μg/ml with a grand mean of 7·0±2·59 μg/ml. There was no correlation between lactoperoxidase activity and thiocyanate content in either cows' (R2 = 0·011) or goats' (R2 = 0·015) milk. These experiments have revealed that lactoperoxidase activity is affected by many factors including the individual animals, species, feed and stage of lactation. Therefore the exogenous supply of thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide needed to activate the lactoperoxidase system for raw milk preservation will vary in quantity depending on these factors.
Age estimation in crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophagus)
Authors: Laws R. M. , Baird A. , Bryden M. M. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe age of crabeater seals Lobodon carcinophagus was first estimated from the teeth by counting layers in the dentine in transverse sections of the canine teeth. Reliable estimation of age from canine teeth in animals older than c. 10 years is not possible because of root closure at a relatively early age. The present investigation compared various methods of estimating age by examination of tooth sections from a large sample of crabeater seals from Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. The most reliable estimations were shown to be obtained by counting layers in the cementum of the third postcanine tooth. Ages of 1233 animals (58% female, 42% male) ranged from 0.5 to 39 years. It is suggested that time‐ and age‐specific historical material is potentially relevant for contemporary growth and life‐history studies as well as for trophic relations or concentrations of pollutants in animal tissues.
Long-Term Results after Silicone Prosthesis Replacement of the Proximal Pole of the Scaphoid Bone in Advanced Scaphoid Nonunion
Authors: HAUSSMANN P. 
Published: October 2002

The treatment of scaphoid fracture nonunion with a small proximal fragment with disturbed circulation and radioscaphoid arthrosis is difficult, and the result is often unsatisfactory. For this reason, in 1981 the replacement of the proximal fragment by a silicone lunate prosthesis was recommended for such cases. From 1980 to 1984, 11 patients (all male, average age 42 [range, 25–59] years) with the conditions described above were treated by silicone prosthesis partial replacement of the scaphoid. In one patient, the prosthesis had to be removed due to dislocation, and in another patient an arthrodesis of the wrist had to be carried out after 5 years due to increasing pain. All nine remaining patients were followed up after an average of 14 (range, 12–16) years, and were clinically and radiologically re-examined and assessed using the evaluation scheme proposed by Martini (1999) . The overall results were satisfactory. Specifically, the outcome was good in one case, satisfactory in six cases, and poor in two cases. Concerning the individual criteria, the best scores were observed in “subjective overall assessment” and in “work and sports”, whilst the worst were found in “movement” and “X-ray”. For all patients, X-ray examination revealed both postoperative arthrosis and extensive multiple cystoid osteolysis, presumably due to silicone synovitis. Nevertheless, most patients were free of symptoms. None of the patients felt that further treatment was necessary. Silicone prosthesis partial replacement of the scaphoid leads to long-term reduction in pain and adequate hand function. However, it is not capable of preventing carpal collapse and carpal arthrosis. Furthermore, since in several cases a progressive silicone synovitis developed, the method was rightly abandone d after 1984.
Detection of DNA single‐strand breaks and glutathione in mononuclear blood cells of radiotherapy technicians
Authors: Akköse Ayfer , Ömer Beyhan , Deniz Günnur , Darendeliler Emin 
Published: October 2002

AbstractWe wanted to investigate the effects of γ radiation on DNA single‐strand breaks (SSB) and glutathione (GSH) levels in mononuclear blood cells (MNC) of radiotherapy technicians. DNA SSB in MNC of radiotherapy technicians who use 60 Co‐ γ source in their works were detected by alkaline filter elution and compared to control subjects. In addition, GSH levels were measured using the enzymatic method in MNC. Blood samples were collected from radiotherapy technicians on Monday and Friday. DNA SSB levels were found to be significantly higher in smoking controls compared to non‐smoking controls. Significant increases of 36% and 49% in DNA SSB were detected from Monday to Friday for non‐smoking and smoking radiotherapy technicians, respectively. GSH levels were found to be decreased significantly from Monday to Friday. γ ‐Radiation resulted in increased DNA SSB levels of MNC in radiotherapy technicians throughout the working week and these breaks have been observed to be repaired at the weekend. Smoking habit caused an additional increase in the SSBs observed in radiotherapy technicians.
A specific anti‐aggressive effect of repeatedly administered lobeline
Authors: Redolat Rosa , Oterino M. Carmen , Carrasco M. Carmen , Brain Paul F. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractThe effects of chronic treatments with nicotinic agonists on agonistic encounters have received little attention. The effects of repeated (for 10 days) SC administration of (‐)‐lobeline (9.3, 18.6 and 37.2 μmol/kg) and (‐)‐nicotine (0.93, 1.86 and 3.72 μmol/kg) were evaluated using the mouse isolation‐induced aggression model. Individually housed OF1 male mice served as experimental animals and were confronted by ‘standard opponents’. Each mouse was tested only once on the last day of the repeated drug treatment. Videotaped agonistic encounters were analysed estimating the times allocated to 11 behavioural categories. Repeated treatment with the highest dose of lobeline diminished attack behaviour without significantly increasing immobility or changing any other behavioural category involving motor activity. In contrast, nicotine did not significantly alter time allocated to any behavioural category.
Representativeness of Radiologically Guided Fine‐NeedleAspiration Biopsy of Bone Lesions
Authors: Söderlund Veli , Tani Edneia , Domanski Henryk , Kreicbergs Andris 
Published: October 2002

The consistency of the cellular yield as obtained by radiologically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was investigated
in 29 cases with bone lesions. Aspirates from three different sites of the same lesion were analysed randomly and
independently by two cytologists unaware of the clinical and radiological findings.The series was grouped cytologically into
four categories: (1) benign, (2) sarcoma, (3) other malignancy, (4) non‐conclusive. A lesion was considered cytologically
homogenous, when all three aspirates were identically categorised. Among 29 lesions, 13 and 12, respectively, were assessed
as homogeneous by the two cytologists. In the remaining lesions, heterogeneity almost exclusively pertained to the mixture
of conclusive and non‐conclusive aspirates. An alternative diagnosis was suggested in one case by each cytologist.
Comparison of the two cytologists′ assessments showed that 21 cases were compliant, i.e., no inter‐observer difference in
63 out of 87 aspirates. In the remaining eight cases (24 aspirates), non‐compliance was mainly due to differences between
the cytologists in the ratio of conclusive versus non‐conclusive aspirates. Only the analysis of one and the same aspirate
resulted in two different diagnoses. A correct diagnosis was given by the cytologists in 22 and 23 cases, incorrect in two and
non‐conclusive in five and four, respectively.Our cytological study of bone lesions, albeit limited, suggests that true tumour heterogeneity is rare. The
non‐compliance between the two cytologists and the diagnostic difficulties should mainly be attributed to the blind, random
approach of the study.The main problem of FNAB pertains to the high rate of non‐conclusive aspirates.This, however, does
not entail an increased risk of incorrect diagnosis, but rather prompts repeat FNAB.
Data descriptors: a compile-time model of data and addressing
Authors: Holt R. C. 
Published: October 2002

Data descriptors, which have evolved from Wilcox's value descriptors [16], are a notation for representing run-time data objects at compile time. One of the principal reasons for developing this notation was to aid in the rapid construction of code generators, especially for new microprocessors. Each data descriptor contains a base, a displacement, and a level of indirection. For example, a variable
x
lying at displacement 28 from base register B3 is represented by this data descriptor: @B3.28. The general form of a data descriptor is @

k
b.d.i

where
k
gives the number of levels of indirection,
b
is a base,
d
is a displacement, and
I
is an index.

Data descriptors are convenient for representing addressing in Fortran (with static allocation and common blocks), in Pascal and Turing (with automatic allocation and stack frames), and in more general languages such as Euclid and PL/I. This generality of data descriptors allows code generation to be largely independent of the source language.
Data descriptors are able to encode the addressing modes of typical computer architectures such as the IBM 360 and the PDP-11. This generality of data descriptors allows code generation to be largely machine independent.
This paper gives a machine independent method of storage allocation that uses data descriptors. Techniques are given for local optimization of basic arithmetic and addressing code using data descriptors. Target machine dependencies are isolated so that the part of the code generator that handles high-level addressing (such as subscripting) is machine independent. The techniques described in this paper have proven effective in the rapid development of a number of production code generators.
PARLOG: parallel programming in logic
Authors: Clark Keith , Gregory Steve 
Published: October 2002

PARLOG is a logic programming language in the sense that nearly every definition and query can be read as a sentence of predicate logic. It differs from PROLOG in incorporating parallel modes of evaluation. For reasons of efficient implementation, it distinguishes and separates and-parallel and or-parallel evaluation.
PARLOG relations are divided into two types: single-solution relations and all-solutions relations. A conjunction of single-solution relation calls can be evaluated in parallel with shared variables acting as communication channels for the passing of partial bindings. Only one solution to each call is computed, using committed choice nondeterminism.
A conjunction of all-solutions relation calls is evaluated without communication of partial bindings, but all the solutions may be found by an or-parallel exploration of the different evaluation paths. A set constructor provides the main interface between single-solution relations and all-solutions relations.
This paper is a tutorial introduction to PARLOG. It assumes familiarity with logic programming. Categories and Subject Descriptors: D.l.l [Programming Techniques]: Applicative (Functional)
Seven Blind Men and an Elephant: the God of Time
Authors: Turner Frederick 
Published: October 2002

AbstractIn this paper I take as an experimental hypothesis the idea that all religions are true. The problem would be how to pack all those religious truths into the same universe: What would the universe have to be shaped like to contain them all? Given two implications that flow from the uniqueness and unity of the universe - 1. if God exists, he is in the universe; and 2. we can see things indirectly - it makes good sense to attempt to see God. Though there may not be enough room in space for the divine, there may well be room enough in time. Fraser's evolutionary universe with its hierarchy of temporal umwelts provides plenty of ways for the divine to appear in different guises. Contemporary cosmology and computational physics suggest that the universe can best be considered as made of information, engaged in computation of its own future states. If this is true, it is constituted of three warring computational systems: a timeless but unreal Bohm quantum computer, a massively parallel but badly damaged Turing machine with considerable degrees of freedom, and a genetic-algorithm ensemble of fast self-progamming computers (sentient life). These make up the emergent tricameral mind of God.
Foliose and placodioid species of the lichen family Physciaceae in southernmost Chile
Authors: Elvebakk Arve , Moberg Roland 
Published: October 2002

AbstractTen foliose and placodioid species of Physciaceae are reported from the National Park Torres del Paine and from other areas in southernmost Chile. Phaeophyscia constipate and Physconia perisidiosa are reported as new to the Southern Hemisphere, Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcina and Phaeorrhiza nimbosa as new to South America, and Dimelaena oreina and Physcia kalbii as new to Chile. The latter was recorded only from the island of Chiloé. Dimelaena appears to be rare in Magallanes and has been recorded only from one steppe locality. Phaeophyscia constipate and Phaeorrhiza nimbosa appear to be confined to the driest steppes, in areas with occurrences of rock outcrops associated with calcareous soil. Physconia muscigena has a similar habitat ecology, but a wider distribution, and is quite common. Physconia perisidiosa and Physcia adscendens were found to be very common in all bioclimatic zones surveyed in the lowland of Torres del Paine. The Physciaceae species treated here are all bipolar or subcosmopolitan, and belong to genera lacking an austral or South American element in the area studied, in contrast to the pattern in all other reasonably large macrolichen groups, except among cetrarioid genera. Their habitat ecology is also very similar to conditions known in the Northern Hemisphere. On the other hand, other widely distributed Northern Hemisphere species such as Physcia stellaris and P. aipolia have known distribution patterns in South America which are disjunct and northern and very different from those of the species treated here.
Late Quaternary Geological History of the Dead Sea Area, Israel
Authors: Yechieli Y. , Magaritz M. , Levy Y. , Weber U. , Kafri U. , Woelfli W. , Bonani G. 
Published: October 2002

AbstractA 34.5 m borehole, which was drilled near the Dead Sea coast (altitude -394 m) in the southern part of the fan delta of Wadi Zeelim, reveals the geological history of that area from the latest Pleistocene to present. The depositional time frame is based on six 14C dates and two U-Th dates. An erosional (or nondepositional) period is implied by the hiatus between 21,100 yr B.P. (U-Th age, depth 33 m) and 11,315 yr B.P. (14C age, depth 32 m). A subsequent arid phase is recorded by a 6.5-m-thick layer of halite; based on 14C dates this phase relates to the abrupt Younger Dryas cold period reported in temperate to polar regions. The fragility of the environment in this region is indicated by the fact that the region experienced such a severe, short aridification phase (less than 1000 yr), evidence of which is found widely in the desert fringes of the Middle East and North Africa. The aragonite found in most of the Holocene section indicates that the well site was covered by the lake for most of the Holocene. Exceptions are the intervals at 0-3 and 10-14 m depths which represent low stands of the lake.