bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast and Slow Responses of Atmospheric Energy Budgets to Perturbed Cloud and Convection Processes in an Atmospheric Global Climate Model
Authors: Yang Ben , Guo Zhun , Song Fengfei , Zhang Yaocun , Zhou Tianjun , Qian Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractCloud and convection strongly modulate atmospheric energy budgets, but the latter's responses often vary across timescales because of complex interactions between fast and slow processes. Here, based on atmospheric model simulations at intermediate state between weather and climate timescales, we investigate how the responses in the global‐mean atmospheric energy budgets evolve over time after simultaneously perturbing various cloud‐scale processes. We find that the responses in radiative and sensible heat fluxes converge much more rapidly compared to condensation heat associated with precipitation, which is attributed to the compensating feedback effects of precipitation on longwave cooling and shortwave heating. Because of energy conservation, uncertainty in long‐term precipitation simulations can be substantially reduced by constraining the fast processes of radiative and sensible heat fluxes. These findings can help economize on computational resources required for model tuning and serve as a crucial link between the convective‐scale and equilibrium‐state outcomes within the model.
Electron‐Scale Reconnecting Current Sheet Formed Within the Lower‐Hybrid Wave‐Active Region of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Waves
Authors: Blasl K. A. , Nakamura T. K. M. , Nakamura R. , Settino A. , Hasegawa H. , Vörös Z. , Hosner M. , Schmid D. , Volwerk M. , Roberts Owen W. , Panov E. , Liu Yi‐Hsin , Plaschke F. , Stawarz J. E. , Holmes J. C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe present Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of an electron‐scale reconnecting current sheet in the mixing region along the trailing edge of a Kelvin‐Helmholtz vortex during southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Within this region, we observe intense electrostatic wave activity, consistent with lower‐hybrid waves. These waves lead to the transport of high‐density magnetosheath plasma across the boundary layer into the magnetosphere and generate a mixing region with highly compressed magnetic field lines, leading to the formation of a thin current sheet associated with electron‐scale reconnection signatures. Consistencies between these reconnection signatures and a realistic, local, fully‐kinetic simulation modeling this current sheet indicate a temporal evolution of the observed electron‐scale reconnection current sheet. The multi‐scale and inter‐process character of this event can help us understand plasma mixing connected to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability and the temporal evolution of electron‐scale reconnection.
Quantifying Formative Processes in River‐ and Tide‐Dominated Deltas for Accurate Prediction of Future Change
Authors: Xu Zhenhua , Plink‐Björklund Piret 
Published: October 2023

AbstractAlthough most deltas are expected to lose land due to climate change and urbanization, tide‐dominated deltas have been suggested to gain land. The processes of land change in such deltas are, however, not well understood, and tide‐dominated deltas with all their known morphological attributes have not been simulated before. Our Delft3D simulations successfully reproduce tide‐dominated delta morphology, and show that tide‐dominated deltas with seaward widening and stable channels, elongate tidal bars and a funnel shape form when bidirectional tidal flow occurs along the whole delta. In contrast, tide‐influenced but river‐dominated deltas protrude from shoreline, and are efficient at gaining land by mouth bar deposition and bifurcations. These differences are a function of tidal‐fluvial interactions expressed by month‐averaged seaward and lateral velocities. Identification of delta types is thus critical for predicting future land change. We propose morphological metrics to differentiate river‐ and tide‐dominated deltas and test metrics on 40 modern deltas.
Reduced and More Fragmented Mississippi River Navigability by Rising Flow
Authors: Amorim R. , Villarini G. , Veacth W. , White K. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Mississippi River System (MRS) is one of the most important commercial routes in the world and its navigability is critical for anticipating potential disruptions in the global supply chain. Here we show that the navigability of the MRS has reduced since 1963, especially in the lower part of the basin. Based on analyses of daily stage time series and the associated conditions for navigation, we find that high rather than low water levels are the main culprits for the observed navigability issues. Moreover, not only have the navigable days decreased, but navigation without operational restrictions has also become more fragmented. Our findings provide basic information toward the development of strategies to mitigate potential negative effects in the U.S. navigation sector.
Palynological Evidence From the Altai Mountains for the Links Between the Asian Westerly Jet Streams and Monsoon System During the Holocene
Authors: Wu J. , Zhu Z. , Li Q. , Su Y. , Xue H. , Shi F. , Rioual P. , Chu G. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Asian westerly jet streams in the upper troposphere play a pivotal role in shaping precipitation patterns, sustaining the diverse but fragile ecosystems in arid Central Asia. Despite their significance, the evolution history of these jet streams and their synergistic effects with the monsoon systems on regional climate change in Asia during the Holocene remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we present a continuous pollen record since 8.6 cal ka BP from Lake Shuang in the Altai Mountains. The first two principal components of the pollen data are employed to track regional changes in vegetation, summer moisture, and winter temperature. Meanwhile, the pollen data and the TraCE‐21ka simulation results were compared to reveal the dynamic mechanism of regional climate change. Results indicate a humid phase spanning the interval ∼8 to 5 cal ka BP in this region, which broadly coincides with the intensification of the Indian Summer Monsoon. This temporal correlation is potentially linked to the poleward shift of the Asian jet, as suggested by simulation results. Furthermore, our data show a consistent winter warming trend throughout the Holocene, indicated by changes in the dominant tree pollen taxa and a reduction of cold‐resistant‐taxa. This trend is associated with the weakening of the East Asian Winter Monsoon, influenced by increasing winter solar insolation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Overall, our research provides strong paleoclimatological evidence highlighting the interconnected meteorological roles of the Asian jet and monsoon systems in shaping regional climates.
Recreating the California New Year's Flood Event of 1997 in a Regionally Refined Earth System Model
Authors: Rhoades Alan M. , Zarzycki Colin M. , Inda‐Diaz Héctor A. , Ombadi Mohammed , Pasquier Ulysse , Srivastava Abhishekh , Hatchett Benjamin J. , Dennis Eli , Heggli Anne , McCrary Rachel , McGinnis Seth , Rahimi‐Esfarjani Stefan , Slinskey Emily , Ullrich Paul A. , Wehner Michael , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe 1997 New Year's flood event was the most costly in California's history. This compound extreme event was driven by a category 5 atmospheric river that led to widespread snowmelt. Extreme precipitation, snowmelt, and saturated soils produced heavy runoff causing widespread inundation in the Sacramento Valley. This study recreates the 1997 flood using the Regionally Refined Mesh capabilities of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (RRM‐E3SM) under prescribed ocean conditions. Understanding the processes causing extreme events informs practical efforts to anticipate and prepare for such events in the future, and also provides a rich context to evaluate model skill in representing extremes. Three California‐focused RRM grids, with horizontal resolution refinement of 14 km down to 3.5 km, and six forecast lead times, 28 December 1996 at 00Z through 30 December 1996 at 12Z, are assessed for their ability to recreate the 1997 flood. Planetary to synoptic scale atmospheric circulations and integrated vapor transport are weakly influenced by horizontal resolution refinement over California. Topography and mesoscale circulations, such as the Sierra barrier jet, are better represented at finer horizontal resolutions resulting in better estimates of storm total precipitation and storm duration snowpack changes. Traditional time‐series and causal analysis frameworks are used to examine runoff sensitivities state‐wide and above major reservoirs. These frameworks show that horizontal resolution plays a more prominent role in shaping reservoir inflows, namely the magnitude and time‐series shape, than forecast lead time, 2‐to‐4 days prior to the 1997 flood onset.
Unlocking the out-of-plane dimension for photonic bound states in the continuum to achieve maximum optical chirality
Authors: Kühner Lucca , Wendisch Fedja J. , Antonov Alexander A. , Bürger Johannes , Hüttenhofer Ludwig , de S. Menezes Leonardo , Maier Stefan A. , Gorkunov Maxim V. , Kivshar Yuri , Tittl Andreas 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe realization of lossless metasurfaces with true chirality crucially requires the fabrication of three-dimensional structures, constraining experimental feasibility and hampering practical implementations. Even though the three-dimensional assembly of metallic nanostructures has been demonstrated previously, the resulting plasmonic resonances suffer from high intrinsic and radiative losses. The concept of photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) is instrumental for tailoring radiative losses in diverse geometries, especially when implemented using lossless dielectrics, but applications have so far been limited to planar structures. Here, we introduce a novel nanofabrication approach to unlock the height of individual resonators within all-dielectric metasurfaces as an accessible parameter for the efficient control of resonance features and nanophotonic functionalities. In particular, we realize out-of-plane symmetry breaking in quasi-BIC metasurfaces and leverage this design degree of freedom to demonstrate an optical all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface with maximum intrinsic chirality that responds selectively to light of a particular circular polarization depending on the structural handedness. Our experimental results not only open a new paradigm for all-dielectric BICs and chiral nanophotonics, but also promise advances in the realization of efficient generation of optical angular momentum, holographic metasurfaces, and parity-time symmetry-broken optical systems.
A service evaluation of the multidisciplinary team approach to hypodontia
Authors: Doughty Faye , Pillai Sruthi , Hamill Dylan , Amin Nadine , P. Ashley Martin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIntroductionPatients with hypodontia can be seen by a multidisciplinary team clinic (MDT) for treatment planning at the University Dental Hospital of Manchester (UDHM). The MDT consists of orthodontics, restorative dentistry and oral surgery colleagues.Aims and methodsA retrospective case-note analysis was conducted on 558 hypodontia patients seen on Manchester Hypodontia Clinic (MHC) between 2016-2022 to assess service utilisation and treatment planning outcomes.ResultsThe average age of patients attending the MHC was 16 (range 8-50). The distribution of mild, moderate and severe hypodontia in the sample was 28%, 37% and 35%, respectively. Most common treatments proposed were fixed appliances, extractions, implants and resin-bonded bridges. Out of 558 patients seen for consultation on the MHC, 365 (65%) were accepted for treatment. The average number of visits for treatment was 15.5 (range: 1-55). The average number of did not attend/was not brought appointments, patient cancellations and hospital cancellations were 0.8, 1.4 and 1.8, respectively.ConclusionHypodontia patients referred to UDHM are triaged by consultants in orthodontics or restorative dentistry, and if MDT planning is required, they are booked onto the MHC. There are sufficient patients with complex cases of moderate and severe hypodontia to justify a regular MDT hypodontia clinic.
Kidney tubular epithelial cells control interstitial fibroblast fate by releasing TNFAIP8-encapsulated exosomes
Authors: Liu Xi , Liu Zhao , Wang Cong , Miao Jinhua , Zhou Shan , Ren Qian , Jia Nan , Zhou Lili , Liu Youhua 
Published: October 2023

AbstractKidney fibrosis, characterized by the activation and expansion of the matrix-producing fibroblasts, is the common outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While fibroblast proliferation is well studied in CKD, little is known about the regulation and mechanism of fibroblast depletion. Here, we show that exosomes derived from stressed/injured tubules play a pivotal role in dictating fibroblast apoptosis and fate. When human kidney tubular cells (HK-2) were stimulated with TGF-β1, they produced and released increased amounts of exosomes (TGFβ-Exo), which prevented renal interstitial fibroblasts from apoptosis. In vivo, injections of TGFβ-Exo promoted renal fibroblast survival, whereas blockade of exosome secretion accelerated fibroblast apoptosis in obstructive nephropathy. Proteomics profiling identified the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) as a key component enriched in TGFβ-Exo. TNFAIP8 was induced in renal tubular epithelium and enriched in the exosomes from fibrotic kidneys. Knockdown of TNFAIP8 in tubular cells abolished the ability of TGFβ-Exo to prevent fibroblast apoptosis. In vivo, gain- or loss- of TNFAIP8 prevented or aggravated renal fibroblast apoptosis after obstructive injury. Mechanistically, exosomal-TNFAIP8 promoted p53 ubiquitination leading to its degradation, thereby inhibiting fibroblasts apoptosis and inducing their proliferation. Collectively, these results indicate that tubule-derived exosomes play a critical role in controlling the size of fibroblast population during renal fibrogenesis through shuttling TNFAIP8 to block p53 signaling. Strategies to target exosomes may be effective strategies for the therapy of fibrotic CKD.
DARPins detect the formation of hetero-tetramers of p63 and p73 in epithelial tissues and in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Strubel Alexander , Münick Philipp , Hartmann Oliver , Chaikuad Apirat , Dreier Birgit , Schaefer Jonas V. , Gebel Jakob , Osterburg Christian , Tuppi Marcel , Schäfer Birgit , Buck Viktoria , Rosenfeldt Mathias , Knapp Stefan , Plückthun Andreas , Diefenbacher Markus E. , Dötsch Volker 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe two p53 homologues p63 and p73 regulate transcriptional programs in epithelial tissues and several cell types in these tissues express both proteins. All members of the p53 family form tetramers in their active state through a dedicated oligomerization domain that structurally assembles as a dimer of dimers. The oligomerization domain of p63 and p73 share a high sequence identity, but the p53 oligomerization domain is more divergent and it lacks a functionally important C-terminal helix present in the other two family members. Based on these structural differences, p53 does not hetero-oligomerize with p63 or p73. In contrast, p63 and p73 form hetero-oligomers of all possible stoichiometries, with the hetero-tetramer built from a p63 dimer and a p73 dimer being thermodynamically more stable than the two homo-tetramers. This predicts that in cells expressing both proteins a p632/p732 hetero-tetramer is formed. So far, the tools to investigate the biological function of this hetero-tetramer have been missing. Here we report the generation and characterization of Designed Ankyrin Repeat Proteins (DARPins) that bind with high affinity and selectivity to the p632/p732 hetero-tetramer. Using these DARPins we were able to confirm experimentally the existence of this hetero-tetramer in epithelial mouse and human tissues and show that its level increases in squamous cell carcinoma.
A de novo missense mutation in MPP2 confers an increased risk of Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease as shown by trio-based whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Liu Xianyang , Meng Jiayu , Liao Xingyun , Liu Yusen , Zhou Qian , Xu Zongren , Yin Shuming , Cao Qingfeng , Su Guannan , He Siyuan , Li Wanqian , Wang Xiaotang , Wang Guoqing , Li Dali , Yang Peizeng , Hou Shengping 
Published: October 2023

AbstractVogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease is a leading cause of blindness in young and middle-aged people. However, the etiology of VKH disease remains unclear. Here, we performed the first trio-based whole-exome sequencing study, which enrolled 25 VKH patients and 50 controls, followed by a study of 2081 VKH patients from a Han Chinese population to uncover detrimental mutations. A total of 15 de novo mutations in VKH patients were identified, with one of the most important being the membrane palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2) p.K315N (MPP2-N315) mutation. The MPP2-N315 mutation was highly deleterious according to bioinformatic predictions. Additionally, this mutation appears rare, being absent from the 1000 Genome Project and Genome Aggregation Database, and it is highly conserved in 10 species, including humans and mice. Subsequent studies showed that pathological phenotypes and retinal vascular leakage were aggravated in MPP2-N315 mutation knock-in or MPP2-N315 adeno-associated virus-treated mice with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). In vitro, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR‒Cas9) gene editing technology to delete intrinsic MPP2 before overexpressing wild-type MPP2 or MPP2-N315. Levels of cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-17E, and vascular endothelial growth factor A, were increased, and barrier function was destroyed in the MPP2-N315 mutant ARPE19 cells. Mechanistically, the MPP2-N315 mutation had a stronger ability to directly bind to ANXA2 than MPP2-K315, as shown by LC‒MS/MS and Co-IP, and resulted in activation of the ERK3/IL-17E pathway. Overall, our results demonstrated that the MPP2-K315N mutation may increase susceptibility to VKH disease.
Simulation of undiagnosed patients with novel genetic conditions
Authors: Alsentzer Emily , Finlayson Samuel G. , Li Michelle M. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Kobren Shilpa N. , Kohane Isaac S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRare Mendelian disorders pose a major diagnostic challenge and collectively affect 300–400 million patients worldwide. Many automated tools aim to uncover causal genes in patients with suspected genetic disorders, but evaluation of these tools is limited due to the lack of comprehensive benchmark datasets that include previously unpublished conditions. Here, we present a computational pipeline that simulates realistic clinical datasets to address this deficit. Our framework jointly simulates complex phenotypes and challenging candidate genes and produces patients with novel genetic conditions. We demonstrate the similarity of our simulated patients to real patients from the Undiagnosed Diseases Network and evaluate common gene prioritization methods on the simulated cohort. These prioritization methods recover known gene-disease associations but perform poorly on diagnosing patients with novel genetic disorders. Our publicly-available dataset and codebase can be utilized by medical genetics researchers to evaluate, compare, and improve tools that aid in the diagnostic process.
Shadow imaging for panoptical visualization of brain tissue in vivo
Authors: Dembitskaya Yulia , Boyce Andrew K. J. , Idziak Agata , Pourkhalili Langeroudi Atefeh , Arizono Misa , Girard Jordan , Le Bourdellès Guillaume , Ducros Mathieu , Sato-Fitoussi Marie , Ochoa de Amezaga Amaia , Oizel Kristell , Bancelin Stephane , Mercier Luc , Pfeiffer Thomas , Thompson Roger J. , Kim Sun Kwang , Bikfalvi Andreas , Nägerl U. Valentin 
Published: October 2023

AbstractProgress in neuroscience research hinges on technical advances in visualizing living brain tissue with high fidelity and facility. Current neuroanatomical imaging approaches either require tissue fixation (electron microscopy), do not have cellular resolution (magnetic resonance imaging) or only give a fragmented view (fluorescence microscopy). Here, we show how regular light microscopy together with fluorescence labeling of the interstitial fluid in the extracellular space provide comprehensive optical access in real-time to the anatomical complexity and dynamics of living brain tissue at submicron scale. Using several common fluorescence microscopy modalities (confocal, light-sheet and 2-photon microscopy) in mouse organotypic and acute brain slices and the intact mouse brain in vivo, we demonstrate the value of this straightforward ‘shadow imaging’ approach by revealing neurons, microglia, tumor cells and blood capillaries together with their complete anatomical tissue contexts. In addition, we provide quantifications of perivascular spaces and the volume fraction of the extracellular space of brain tissue in vivo.
Acoustic frequency atomic spin oscillator in the quantum regime
Authors: Jia Jun , Novikov Valeriy , Brasil Tulio Brito , Zeuthen Emil , Müller Jörg Helge , Polzik Eugene S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractQuantum noise reduction and entanglement-enhanced sensing in the acoustic frequency range is an outstanding challenge relevant for a number of applications including magnetometry and broadband noise reduction in gravitational wave detectors. Here we experimentally demonstrate quantum behavior of a macroscopic atomic spin oscillator in the acoustic frequency range. Quantum back-action of the spin measurement, ponderomotive squeezing of light, and virtual spring softening are observed at oscillation frequencies down to the sub-kHz range. Quantum noise sources characteristic of spin oscillators operating in the near-DC frequency range are identified and means for their mitigation are presented.
Electroluminescence and hyperphosphorescence from stable blue Ir(III) carbene complexes with suppressed efficiency roll-off
Authors: Yan Jie , Zhou Dong-Ying , Liao Liang-Sheng , Kuhn Martin , Zhou Xiuwen , Yiu Shek-Man , Chi Yun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEfficient Förster energy transfer from a phosphorescent sensitizer to a thermally activated delayed fluorescent terminal emitter constitutes a potential solution for achieving superb blue emissive organic light-emitting diodes, which are urgently needed for high-performance displays. Herein, we report the design of four Ir(III) metal complexes, f-ct1a ‒ d, that exhibit efficient true-blue emissions and fast radiative decay lifetimes. More importantly, they also undergo facile isomerization in the presence of catalysts (sodium acetate andp-toluenesulfonic acid) at elevated temperature and, hence, allow for the mass production of either emitter without decomposition. In this work, the resulting hyper-OLED exhibits a true-blue color (Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage coordinate CIEy = 0.11), a full width at half maximum of 18 nm, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.5% and a high external quantum efficiency 20.3% at 5000 cd m‒2, paving the way for innovative blue OLED technology.