bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangrove Biodiversity Conservation and Aquaculture Practices in Sri Lanka: An Overview
Authors: Madumadhawa M.H.D.  , Manewa R.M.S.S.  , Palliyaguru O.G.  , Senaratna D.  
Published: February 2024

The tropical island of Sri Lanka is endowed with a diverse and resourceful coastal area of 1,700 km coastline and 152,000 ha of highly productive 82 lagoons and 93,075ha of 45 estuary ecosystems. Around 33% of the population in coastal areas is engaged in fishing as the main income source, which contributes to around 1.10% of the national GDP. The objective of the review was to provide an overview of the present status of Sri Lankan coastal aquaculture, mangrove coverage, and conservation status. Mangroves are ecologically and economically important ecosystems providing the best nursery grounds for both blackish and marine species, covering only 0.24% of Sri Lanka‘s total land area. In addition, as the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics, mangroves provide a wide range of ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Currently, Sri Lankan mangroves are estimated to cover 160 km2 and are distributed mainly in Jaffna, Kalpitiya, Batticaloa, Rekawa, and Trincomalee. Including endangered species such as Sonneratia apetala, Ceriops decandra, and Lumnitzera littorea, there are 21 true mangrove species, and 24 mangrove associate species can be found. However, mangrove ecosystems in Sri Lanka are progressively under threat due to coastal aquaculture practices, especially shrimp farming and development projects. Human settlements, overexploitation, and climatic variables such as coastal flooding, drought, rainfall, salinity changes, increased sea level, and sea surface temperature have significantly influenced coastal aquaculture and substantially damage the mangroves resulting in loss of mangrove biodiversity. Between 1980 and 2005, approximately 25% of mangrove habitats are estimated to have been destroyed. Recently, 1,000-1,200 hectares of mangroves have been established in 23 wetlands in Sri Lanka becoming leader of the mangrove conservation in Commonwealth countries. In conclusion, it is imperative to apply international standards for mangrove-based aquacultural practices, mangrove rehabilitation, and technical and management interventions.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Coastal aquaculture, Coastal ecosystems, Mangroves
Awareness on the Waste Management Practices and Causes for Increased Urban Waste Generation among the General Public in Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Peiris P.C.  , Perera B.O.L.  , Jayathilake J.M.N.J.  
Published: February 2024

he upsurge in waste generation and improper management of waste possess serious issues to individuals‘ health and the environment. The administration of waste holds a crucial part in waste organization and proper waste management practices are essential to control the increase of urban waste and associated hazards. The present study aimed to assess the awareness on causes for increased urban waste and the practices of the general public on waste management. A descriptive cross-sectional study in Western Province, Sri Lanka was conducted among males and females within the age group of 20 to 60. 150 individuals were recruited using the quota sampling method and a self-administered questionnaire was distributed in English, Sinhala, and Tamil languages. Additionally, using SPSS software, the results were statistically analyzed. As per the data that was analyzed, 51.3% of the respondents were between the ages of 20 and 30. Most of the participants, 87.3% were aware of the increase in urban waste, and 88.6% stated the management of waste can hold a positive impact on suitable development. However, 40.6% have stated industrial waste as the major source associated with the surging urban waste indicating the unawareness of household waste as the primary source. Furthermore, though 84.6% divide inorganic and organic waste, according to 64% of participants, e-waste is not discarded using proper channels. Thus, there is an increased risk of health implications as e-waste chemical constituents could be hazardous to both human health and the environment. In the opinion of 89.3%, further training on waste management should be carried out while 52% of the respondents have declared not attaining any practices on waste management. Hence, an increase in the urban waste can be visible as the participants were inexperienced and unfamiliar with efficient waste disposal and management methods. The evidence that is currently available from this study suggests that there is a need to enhance community awareness, encourage training, and change people's attitudes regarding waste. A comprehensive infection control program combined with safe disposal of waste is recommended to achieve sustainable and economically viable waste management.
Keywords: Urban, Waste management, e-waste, Training
Temporal Variation of Water Quality in Nilwala River, Southern Province, Sri Lanka
Authors: Diwyanjalee G.R.  , Premaratne W.A.P.J.  
Published: February 2024

This study intended to investigate the temporal variation of water quality of the Nilwala river in the Matara district and to determine how the changes in rainfall affect to river water quality. Water samples were collected monthly from March 2019 to October 2019 (considering the second Inter monsoon season and first inter-monsoon season) at eight locations along the main river. Water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, nitrate and phosphate were analyzed using APHA 23rd edition of standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Experimental results were statistically analyzed by Two-way ANOVA using Minitab 17. The pH, EC, temperature, alkalinity and nitrate concentration showed statistically significant differences among the months (p<0.001) and those showed statistically significant differences with monthly rainfall (p< 0.001). There is a statistically significant relationship between rainfall and month (p<0.001). There is a statistically significant relationship between rainfall and sampling location (p<0.001). The highest rainfall was recorded from august to November (2nd inter-monsoon season) and secondly from March to May (1st inter-monsoon season) was recorded. Conductivity, pH and temperature were decreased from March to June. This may due to 1st inter monsoon rainfall. Conductivity was increased during august-november. Flooding can increase conductivity when it washes salts and minerals from the soil into the water. Nitrate concentration in the majority of the locations was increased during march-may. Total alkalinity, pH and nitrate were increased from august to November. The temperature of river water at all locations decreased from august- November. In conclusion, the pH, EC, temperature, alkalinity and nitrate concentration showed statistically significant differences among each month. It may due to variation of rainfall. Upper part of Nilwala River had a higher rainfall than lower basin.
Keywords: Conductivity, Nilwala River, pH, temporal variation, Water quality
Application of Participatory Concept in Minimizing Food Packaging Waste (FPW) in Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Senevirathne B.S.  , Jayasinghe M.A.  
Published: February 2024

All the industrialized countries lately focus on the need for the best solutions for the reduction of food waste at the various stages of the supply chain by conducting the participatory concept. It is a solution and stakeholder-oriented concept providing information on how to analyze the status quo identification of organization-specific problems and with the involvement of relevant stakeholders, develop solutions in the processes along the food value chain. The objective of this study is to present a participatory (five-phase) concept to diminish FPW in manufacturing firms. This concept is adapted to the continuous improvement (PDCA cycle) applied in Total Quality Management (TQM), which involves a participatory approach where workers and stakeholders are collaborated to detect causes for inefficiency and advance measures to counteract FPW in the Healthy Food Drink powder Manufacturing firm. The research was conducted by analyzing the data related to FPW such as Aluminum Wrappers (AlWs), Bag in Boxes (BIBs), and Plastic Bottles (PBs) using Microsoft Excel and Power BI software. Also, it paid attention to related operational and supporting processes within the organization and the behavior of the staff to get an impression of the working atmosphere and attitudes of staff. The analysis was done as a comparison with the collected FPW data for 2 months before and after developing, and implementing upgraded, targeted management practices. This analysis provided the basis for the developmental framework with the focus of increasing the effectiveness of FPW management practices by assessing the structure and selecting the best waste management methodologies for FPW. According to the analyzed data, the total wastage of AlWs, BIBs, and PBs showed 5.81%, 1.82% and 1.96% respectively. With the participatory concept, the organizational weaknesses which caused the occurrence of FPW were identified, and developmental measures were implemented to obtain significant reductions of waste of Alws, BIBs, and PBs up to 2.06%, 0% and 0.43% consequently. Counteractive measures, such as join in workforces into the developing and implementing waste reduction measures, workforce training, scheduled preventive maintenance on machines, utilization of removable ink-to-print date codes, efficient demand planning and accurate demand forecasting, enhance workforce motivation and commitment, establishing trust among all employees and proper communication flows within departments which influencing the occurrence of FPW have been proposed to avoid losses. It affirms that the participatory concept either contributes to reducing FPW or enhancing resource efficiency in the food industry, as this would enable companies to benefit economically.
Keywords: Food packaging waste, Participatory concept, Continuous improvement, Integration, Resource efficiency
Comparison between Compensated and Uncompensated PD with Cascade Controller Design of PMDC Motor: Real Experiments
Authors: Yean Sopheak , Srang Sarot 
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we compare two different kinds of position controllers, namely PD (both compensated and uncompensated PD) and Cascade controller (both compensated and uncompensated Cascade). SIMULINK software is used to implement lumped parameters estimation with UKF. The Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller design by root locus and Cascade controller design have been chosen for our feedback system, and coulomb friction as disturbance is taken into account in the estimation model. The aim of this paper is to find out which controller is better (both compensated and uncompensated PD controller vs. both compensated and uncompensated Cascade controller). Therefore, the objective is to show how useful the parameter estimation for controller design with compensation. Through comparing two position controller designs, the experiment results show that both Compensated Proportional Derivative (PD) controller and Cascade controller Design have much better performance than the Uncompensated ones.
Инструменты стандартизации определяющие показатели качества
Authors: Каримова Г.К. , Ниязбекова Р.К. , Даниярова Ж.К. 
Published: February 2024

Макаронные изделия являются одним из продуктов, которые потребляются во всем мире, в связи с чем проведение исследований в области совершенствования технологий и улучшения показателей качества является весьма актуальными. На предприятиях технологические свойства продукции постоянно проверяются, т.к. существуют проблемы, связанные с контролем качества и системой качества.
Существуют множество технологий при производстве макаронных изделий, согласно которым предусматривается использование различных пищевых добавок, которые в свою очередь также должны находится под контролем и соответствовать законодательным требованиям, техническим регламентам ЕАЭС и Республики Казахстан, стандартам.
В статье рассматриваются инструменты стандартизации, определяющие показатели качества макаронных изделий с добавлением пшена. Показатели качества установлены в ГОСТ 31743-2017 «Изделия макаронные. Общие технические условия» (далее - ГОСТ 31743-2017) [1], показатели безопасности в ТР ТС 021/2011 «О безопасности пищевой продукции» [2].
В соответствии с ГОСТ 31743-2017 одним из показателей качества макаронных изделий является «влажность». Повышение влажности приводит к увеличению толщины сольватных оболочек, окружающих частицы муки в уплотненном тесте, а значит, к снижению когезионной прочности теста [3].
В исследовании определены факторы, влияющие на показатель «влажности». Применялись диаграмма Парето, рентгенофлуоресцентный анализатор, математическая модель и диаграмма причинно-следственных связей.
Применяя инструменты стандартизации определено, что при процессе сушки макаронных изделий доминирующими факторами являются «температура и продолжительность сушки». Полученные результаты соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ 31743-2017 по показателю качества «влажность».
Road slag asphalt concrete
Authors: Jexembayeva A.E. , Zakarin I. , Konkanov M.D. , Aruova L.B 
Published: February 2024

Asphalt and concrete road surfaces are an essential part of the infrastructure of transport systems, and in recent years slag road asphalt has gained popularity as an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative. Slag asphalt, produced by incorporating slag, a by-product of industrial steel production, into asphalt concrete mixes, is the subject of this review article. The article presents a review of researches papers on the use of slag road asphalt. This article reviews the composition, production and physical and mechanical characteristics of slag asphalt concrete. Particular attention is paid to studies of the effect of slag on the strength, fracture resistance and deformation of the material. The authors provide an overview of the various methods of modifying slag asphalt to improve its performance and durability of road surfaces. The article also highlights the environmental importance of slag asphalt, generalized its ability to reduce the use of natural resources and reduce waste from the steel industry. The overall analysis of these articles suggests the potential of using slag road asphalt concrete as an effective and environmentally sustainable material in road construction. However, further research and practical tests are needed to confirm its applicability in different climatic and road conditions. The final part of the article discusses the significance of slag asphalt concrete in the context of sustainable road construction. The potential of slag asphalt to save costs in the construction and maintenance of road infrastructure, as well as to improve its durability and sustainability, is emphasized. In conclusion, the article provides a generalised overview of slag asphalt concrete, its advantages and promising applications in road construction.
Выбор метода расчета усилий копания и нагрузок, действующих на элементы рабочего оборудования гидравлического экскаватора.
Authors: Даньярова А.С. , Тогизбаева Б.Б. , Балабеков К.Г. , Кенесбек А.Б. 
Published: February 2024

Известно, что гидравлические экскаваторы — это многофункциональные землеройные машины, состоящие из стрелы, рукояти и ковша.
Экскаватор работает по принципу гидравлической жидкости с гидроцилиндром и гидромоторами. Важно отметить, что эксплуатация гидравлическим экскаватором требует скоординированного перемещения стрелы, рукояти и ковша для управления положением наконечника ковша по желаемой траектории. Тем самым, способствует эффективному использованию машиной в темное время суток, в наихудших условиях труда, в суровую погоду, в опасной или нездоровой окружающей среде, и даже на территориях стихийных бедствий.
Управление гидравлическим экскаватором возможно при условии понимания кинематики и динамики экскаваторной машины. Для достижения этой цели в данной статье приведены различные методы расчета, связанные с кинематикой экскаваторной машины, которые полезны при выполнении его кинематического моделирования. Что в свою очередь способствует пониманию поведения и улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик гидравлического экскаватора.
Методика инструментальных наблюдений за деформациями и техническим состоянием зданий и сооружений
Authors: Сайлыгараева М.А. , Нысанбай Н.Н. , Байгурин Ж.Д. 
Published: February 2024

Статья направлена на решение задач по созданию эффективной съемочной сети для проведения инструментальных наблюдений за деформационными процессами здания в условиях предгорной местности с энергетическим классом движений земной поверхности равной 4-5.
Периодические наблюдения за техническим состоянием способствуют своевременному выявлению критических отклонений конструктивных элементов здания и обеспечению безопасной эксплуатации сооружения. Вокруг исследуемого объекта предложена методика построения геодезической сети с проложением нивелирного хода III класса с целью проведения периодических наблюдений за осадочными движениями фундамента здания и определения количественных значений осадок с учетом территориального расположения, инженерно-геологических условий, сейсмичности района и влияния внешней среды.
Экспериментальное исследование влияния режимов резания на шероховатость поверхности при растачивании ступенчатого отверстия
Authors: Шеров К.Т. , Карсакова Н.Ж. , Доненбаев Б.С. , Тусупова С.О. , Имашева К. , Есиркепова А.Б. 
Published: February 2024

В данной статье приводятся результаты исследования выполненные для обеспечения качества обработки ступенчатого отверстия крупногабаритной детали Станина НП8 насоса погружного. Разработана конструкция и изготовлен опытный образец специального комбинированного расточного инструмента. Также изготовлен образец – заготовка из СЧ15 для проведения экспериментальных исследований.
Экспериментальные исследования проведены в условиях лабораторной базы «Центр рабочих профессий "Машиностроение"» НАО «Карагандинский технический университет им. А. Сагинова» на токарно-винторезном станке 1К625.
В результате экспериментальных исследований влияния режимов резания на шероховатость обработанной поверхности при растачивании ступенчатого отверстия установлено, что с увеличением частоты вращения шпинделя и значения глубины резания качество обработанной поверхности улучшается. А увеличение подачи отрицательно влияет на шероховатость обработанной поверхности. Определены оптимальные режимы резания для обработки ступенчатого отверстия ∅295 мм и ∅325 мм детали Станина НП8 насоса погружного: S=0,26 мм/об; n= 1250 об/мин; t=1,0 мм.
В результате планирования эксперимента и оценки полученных данных с помощью программы "ANETR-5" была получена зависимость шероховатости поверхности от режимов резания, которая позволит управлять параметрами качества до обработки и определить оптимальные режимы резания, обеспечивающие высокие параметры качества детали.
Геофизические исследования участка русла реки Есиль и оценка устойчивости откосов плотины
Authors: Жумадилова Н.Ж. , Мухамеджанова А.Т. , Портнов В.С , Мусабаев Т.Т. , Шин Е.П. 
Published: February 2024

. На основании требований действующих нормативных документов на территории Казахстана необходимо проводить периодический контроль за состоянием техногенных и инженерных сооружений. Система обеспечения контроля учитывает основные принципы, понятия и методы применительно к специфике объектов и параметров технического контроля, а также особенностям внедрения новых технологий и соответственно разработки новой методики для оценки состояния объекта исследования. Цель данной работы заключается в проведении комплексного исследования гидротехнических сооружений с использованием инновационного оборудования и подходов. В частности, основные задачи работы:
Определение и оценка технического состояния ограждающих дамб на основе результатов натурных наблюдений, инструментальных измерений и расчетных показателей. Это позволит оценить текущее состояние сооружений и выявить возможные деформации или повреждения.
Анализ влияния разнообразных нагрузок, включая постоянные, динамические и временные, на напряженно-деформированное состояние дамбы. Это позволит определить, как различные факторы воздействуют на инженерные конструкции и какие изменения могут происходить в долгосрочной перспективе.
Разработка рекомендаций по обеспечению надежности, безопасности и функциональной пригодности исследуемых гидротехнических конструкций. Эти рекомендации будут основываться на комплексном анализе и предоставят практические решения для поддержания структурной целостности и эффективности сооружений.
Научная новизна данной работы состоит в применении современных методов геофизических исследований и инновационного оборудования для технической оценки гидротехнических сооружений. Это открывает новые возможности для улучшения точности и надежности оценки состояния сооружений в условиях быстро меняющейся среды.
The origin and development of procedural rules in Ancient Greece
Authors: Slynko D. V. , Kalenichenko L. I. 
Published: February 2024

The research is devoted to the development of legal norms in Greece in the ancient period. It is noted that certain issues of legal norms development in Greece in the ancient period were the subject of research by domestic lawyers and historians, but Ukrainian legal science currently lacks comprehensive historical and legal research on this issue which would cover the entire range of issues related to the origin and development of procedural law in Greece in the ancient period.
It is emphasised that as a result of the formation of the political system, law-making activity is intensified. In addition, law-making activities are freed from the influence of religion and mythology. Instead of unwritten customs, which were interpreted by representatives of the ruling elite, secular law begins to be applied and enshrined in writing.
The article examines the origin and development of procedural rules in Ancient Greece and the administration of justice in Athens, analyses its forms, and considers procedural aspects of the activities of representative institutions of that time in Greece. Given the general patterns of formation and development of the legal process in all its richness, the author draws attention to the ancient experience of non-jurisdictional forms of legal process. The author examines the jurisdictional (civil or criminal law) and non-jurisdictional (procedural aspects of representative institutions) forms of legal process in Greece of the ancient period.
It has been concluded that in Ancient Greece, the procedural rules reflected the procedure enshrined mainly in the rules of customary law, which provided for the application of substantive legal rules. In most Hellenic States of ancient times, it had certain common features. The jurisdictional process in those days was a procedure that was enshrined in law and provided for the procedure for the exercise by public authorities or self-government bodies of their functions in the administration of justice, while the non-jurisdictional form of legal process regulated the procedural aspects of the activities of representative institutions.