bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-Desmethylmajusculamide B, a lipopeptide isolated from the Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta
Authors: Zhang Bo-Tao , Nishino Haruka , Kawabe Ryoya , Kamio Michiya , Watanabe Ryuichi , Uchida Hajime , Satake Masayuki , Nagai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
A new lipopeptide, N-desmethylmajusculamide B (1), was isolated from the Okinawan cyanobacterium Okeania hirsuta along with 2 known compounds majusculamide A (2) and majusculamide B (3). The planar structure of (1) was elucidated by a detailed analysis of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues were determined using Marfey's analysis. The configuration of C-16 in the α-methyl-β-keto-decanoyl moiety was determined unambiguously to be S by conducting a semisynthesis of N-desmethylmajusculamide B from 3. The cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 leukemia cells was evaluated for majusculamides (1-3).
Can females differentially allocate resources to offspring sired by different males?
Authors: Levell Samantha T , Bedgood Samuel A , Travis Joseph , Reznick David N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The viviparity-driven conflict hypothesis postulates that the evolution of matrotrophy (postfertilization maternal provisioning) will result in a shift from a pre- to postcopulatory mate choice and thus accelerate the evolution of postcopulatory reproductive isolation. Here, we perform artificial insemination experiments on Heterandria formosa, a matrotrophic poeciliid fish, to probe for evidence of postcopulatory female choice. We established laboratory populations from Wacissa River (WR) and Lake Jackson (LJ). The WR females normally produce larger offspring than the LJ females. We artificially inseminated females with sperm from each population or from both populations simultaneously. When LJ females were inseminated with sperm from WR and LJ males, they allocated fewer resources to WR-sired offspring than when they were inseminated with WR sperm alone. The LJ females carrying developing offspring sired by males from different populations were thus able to discriminate against non-resident males when allocating resources to developing young. The WR females, which normally produce larger offspring than LJ females, did not discriminate among males from different localities. These findings provide insights into the ability of females from one population to exercise a form of postcopulatory mate selection.
Gathering round Big Tech: How the market for acquisitions concentrates the digital sector
Authors: Ioramashvili Carolin , Feldman Maryann , Guy Frederick , Iammarino Simona 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Small businesses within the digital sector are spread across the USA. However, a significant number of promising small businesses concentrate in major technology hubs, either initially or through relocation. This phenomenon can be attributed to the influential role played by localized markets for financing and acquisition, which is, in turn, driven by the dominant market positions held by major digital platforms. Our research demonstrates a clear pattern of localized acquisition markets, particularly in sectors frequently targeted by the seven largest American digital giants—Amazon, Alphabet (Google), Apple, Microsoft, Meta (Facebook), Oracle, and Adobe, collectively known as ‘Big Tech’. This localization trend has become more pronounced between 2000 and 2020. Our analysis indicates that the gravitational pull of these acquisition markets poses challenges to local initiatives aimed at fostering digital businesses. These efforts would be more successful if measures were taken to limit the market influence of digital platforms.
Renal function alters the association of lipoprotein(a) with cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zeng Guyu , Zhu Pei , Yuan Deshan , Wang Peizhi , Li Tianyu , Li Qinxue , Xu Jingjing , Tang Xiaofang , Song Ying , Chen Yan , Zhang Ce , Jia Sida , Liu Ru , Jiang Lin , Song Lei , Gao Runlin , Yang Yuejin , Zhao Xueyan , Yuan Jinqing 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and hypothesis
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and renal dysfunction are both independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether renal function mediates the association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods
From a large prospective cohort study, 10 435 eligible patients undergoing PCI from January 2013 to December 2013 were included in our analysis. Patients were stratified into three renal function groups according to their baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (&lt;60; 60–90; ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2). The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, nonfatal MI, ischemic stroke, and unplanned revascularization [major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)].

Results
Over a median follow-up of 5.1 years, a total of 2144 MACCE events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, either eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or elevated Lp(a) conferred a significantly higher MACCE risk. Higher Lp(a) was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACCE in patients with eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2. However, this association was weakened in subjects with only mild renal impairment and diminished in those with normal renal function. A significant interaction for MACCE between renal categories and Lp(a) was observed (P = 0.026). Patients with concomitant Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dl and eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 experienced worse cardiovascular outcomes compared with those without.

Conclusion
The significant association between Lp(a) and cardiovascular outcomes was mediated by renal function in patients undergoing PCI. Lp(a)-associated risk was more pronounced in patients with worse renal function, suggesting close monitoring and aggressive management are needed in this population.
The role of human extracellular matrix proteins in defining Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections
Authors: Bhattacharya Mohini , Horswill Alexander R 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Twenty to forty one percent of the world’s population is either transiently or permanently colonized by the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus. In 2017, the CDC designated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as a serious threat, reporting ∼300 000 cases of MRSA-associated hospitalizations annually, resulting in over 19 000 deaths, surpassing that of HIV in the USA. S. aureus is a proficient biofilm-forming organism that rapidly acquires resistance to antibiotics, most commonly methicillin (MRSA). This review focuses on a large group of (&gt;30) S. aureus adhesins, either surface-associated or secreted that are designed to specifically bind to 15 or more of the proteins that form key components of the human extracellular matrix (hECM). Importantly, this includes hECM proteins that are pivotal to the homeostasis of almost every tissue environment [collagen (skin), proteoglycans (lung), hemoglobin (blood), elastin, laminin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and fibrin (multiple organs)]. These adhesins offer S. aureus the potential to establish an infection in every sterile tissue niche. These infections often endure repeated immune onslaught, developing into chronic, biofilm-associated conditions that are tolerant to ∼1000 times the clinically prescribed dose of antibiotics. Depending on the infection and the immune response, this allows S. aureus to seamlessly transition from colonizer to pathogen by subtly manipulating the host against itself while providing the time and stealth that it requires to establish and persist as a biofilm. This is a comprehensive discussion of the interaction between S. aureus biofilms and the hECM. We provide particular focus on the role of these interactions in pathogenesis and, consequently, the clinical implications for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus biofilm infections.
Spatial Population Structuring and Genetic Analysis of Exotic Grevillea robusta in Northwestern India
Authors: Dabral Aman , Meena Rajendra K , Shankhwar Rajeev , Kant Rama , Pandey Shailesh , Ginwal Harish S , Bhandari Maneesh S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The introduction of exotics is common in forestry, and majorly important species, like eucalypts, poplar, and Casuarina sp., occupy vast areas in the Indian subcontinent. Importantly, with the latest cost-effective sequencing techniques, genetic diversity research through molecular marker approaches on major exotics provides novel information for genetic improvement in economic traits with climatic adaptation. The study was carried out on Grevillea robusta to assess genetic relatedness and diversity among 228 genotypes belonging to five northwestern states in India. These genotypes were assayed using twelve simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A population structure analysis using structure software identified four major gene pool subgroups with clear-cut differences from each other. Principal coordinate analysis also supports the clustering patterns of the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis. In the case of genetic diversity assessment, a total of seventy-three alleles were detected from twelve SSRs, with an average of 6.08 ± 0.71 per locus. Polymorphism information content ranged from 0.17 to 0.67 with a mean of 0.44 ± 0.045, indicating high levels of polymorphism across the genotypes. All the evaluated SSRs demonstrated moderate genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity = 0.31 ± 0.03; expected heterozygosity = 0.32 ± 0.03; and genetic differentiation = 0.295) among the sampled genotypes. These findings indicate significant genetic variability in the germplasm to warrant selection and have potential for a long-term tree improvement program of G. robusta in India.
Study Implications: The study on population genetics of Grevillea robusta in exotic environments assessed probable gene pools, provenances, and genetic diversity in geographical distribution range of the species in the Indian scenario. The basic population genetic measures revealed the high diversity areas and probable seed zones of G. robusta in its exotic range. Importantly, the study will be helpful in the selection of candidate plus trees of G. robusta to further strengthen the genotype × environment interaction study for future breeding programs. Further, studying the genetic makeup for moderately diverse species offers valuable insights into evolutionary history, population dynamics, and ecological interactions, which may lead to conservation efforts and guidance for the management of trees such as G. robusta in their native and introduced regions.
Estimation of Additive and Dominance Effects in an Acacia crassicarpa Multi-Environment Progeny Trial Using Genomic Pedigree Reconstruction
Authors: Martins Gustavo S , Yuliarto Muhammad , Ching Yong Wong , Melia Tisha , Maretha Maggie V , Sharma Mukesh , Lakey Nathan , Ordway Jared , Acosta Juan José , Hodge Gary 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Acacia crassicarpa is an important tree species in Southeast Asia, where hundreds of thousands of hectares of planted forests are supported by advancements in silviculture and genetic improvement. Although possible, controlled pollination is impractical for advancing breeding populations, requiring an unreasonable effort to produce more than a few crosses per year. For this reason, breeding populations often are bred by open pollination. This study used large-scale pedigree reconstruction in multi-environment trials to assess full-sib families to model the genetics of the quantitative traits survival, straightness, height, diameter at breast height, tree volume, mean annual increment (MAI), and basic density. The traits were predominantly controlled by additive effects, with heritabilities between 0.09 for survival and 0.45 for basic density. The genetic correlation across sites was high for all traits, showing the low impact of genotype-by-environment interaction. The trait-trait correlation showed that straightness was independent of any other traits, survival was only correlated with MAI, and growth traits were highly correlated among themselves. Basic density was positively correlated with growth traits and MAI.
Study Implications: Parentage analysis using an informative single nucleotide polymorphism panel was used to reconstruct pedigree and allow a full-sib family model to estimate additive and dominance effects and genetic correlations across sites and among important traits in an open-pollinated population. The genetic control of all traits assessed in this study was mainly additive. In this scenario, the recommended breeding strategy is forward selection of outstanding progeny for advanced generation breeding and backward selection of outstanding parents to produce seed for deployment via family forestry. Full-sib families can be identified by pedigree reconstruction at a seedling stage, followed by tissue culture multiplication, rooted cutting propagation, and plantation establishment.
PACMAN: PAC-style bounds accounting for the Mismatch between Accuracy and Negative log-loss
Authors: Vera Matias , Rey Vega Leonardo , Piantanida Pablo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The ultimate performance of machine learning algorithms for classification tasks is usually measured in terms of the empirical error probability (or accuracy) using a testing dataset, although these algorithms are optimized through the minimization of a typically different—more convenient—loss function using a training set. For classification tasks, this loss function is often the negative log-loss that yields the well-known cross-entropy risk that is typically better behaved (in terms of numerical behavior) than the 0-1 loss. Conventional studies on the generalization error do not usually take into account the underlying mismatch between losses at training and testing phases. In this work, we introduce a theoretical analysis based on a pointwise probably approximately correct (PAC) approach over the generalization gap considering the mismatch of testing on the accuracy metric and training on the negative log-loss, referred to as PACMAN. Building on the fact that the resulting mismatch can be written as a likelihood ratio, concentration inequalities can be used to obtain insights into the generalization gap in terms of PAC bounds, which depend on some meaningful information-theoretic quantities. An analysis of the obtained bounds and a comparison with available results in the literature is also provided.
The accuracy and characteristics of gastric cancer treatment information in the national data of the hospital-based cancer registry
Authors: Fujishita Manami , Sakakibara Naoki , Higashi Takahiro , Watanabe Tomone , Kumamaru Hiraku , Miyata Hiroaki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
The hospital-based cancer registry is used extensively for research to support cancer control activities by providing an overview of how cancer treatments are provided nationwide. This study aimed to shed light on the quality and characteristics of treatment data in the hospital-based cancer registry using the linked dataset on gastric cancer.

Methods
Using the nationally linked data of the hospital-based cancer registry and the health services utilization data, the treatment data in the hospital-based cancer registry for patients who were newly diagnosed with gastric cancer in 2016 and 2017 and received the first course of treatment at their own institutions were examined. The agreement rates between registry data and utilization data were analyzed by stage, treatment, age, period from the date of diagnosis to the date of treatment and hospital type.

Results
The sensitivity of open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and endoscopic treatment tended to decrease in advanced stages, whereas the sensitivity of chemotherapy and radiation therapy increased. Specificity was high for all treatments and stages, at ˃90%. Sensitivity by age was slightly different for chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but specificities did not differ.
For all treatments, the longer the time from diagnosis to treatment implementation, the higher the coverage rate.

Conclusions
The hospital-based cancer registry recorded the treatment performed appropriately. It is necessary to interpret the data from the hospital-based cancer registry whilst keeping in mind that, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are registered less frequently than surgical treatments administered.
Herbicides Have Variable Effects on Understory Plant and Insect Communities in Southern United States Working Forests
Authors: Briggs Emma L , Greene Daniel U , Clabo David C , Gandhi Kamal J K 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Working pine (Pinus spp.) forests in the southern United States rely on herbicides to remove competing vegetation and improve productivity. We conducted a review of the effects of herbicides on understory plants in southern working forests. We also discuss the impacts of herbicides on insect taxa associated with understory vegetation and its litter layer, including Coleoptera (carabid beetles), Hemiptera (true bugs), Hymenoptera (bees/ants), Lepidoptera (moths/butterflies), and Orthoptera (grasshoppers). Herbicides have few reported long-term impacts on understory herbaceous cover and species richness/diversity when applied according to labeled uses and application rates. However, the method of chemical treatment (e.g., broadcast spray or banded application) may influence understory plant structure and composition. Responses of insects to herbicides were species- and taxa-specific and highly variable given their forage/habitat requirements and life histories. Long-term research is needed to evaluate the effects of herbicides on vegetation-associated insects to provide a comprehensive profile of herbicide nontarget impacts.
Study Implications: Land managers rely on herbicides to remove competing vegetation and increase working forest productivity. Given the objective of sustainable forest management to conserve biodiversity, it is important to understand how biological communities respond to chemical applications in intensively managed forest ecosystems. Our review indicated that herbicides have few reported long-term impacts on understory plant communities when applied appropriately. Despite their taxonomic diversity, invertebrates were rarely included in assessments of forest herbicides. Further research is needed to assess the potential nontarget impacts of herbicide applications on forest insect communities.
Guidance for prevention and management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: A consensus statement from the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Pediatric COVID-19 Therapies Taskforce
Authors: Willis Zachary I , Oliveira Carlos R , Abzug Mark J , Anosike Brenda I , Ardura Monica I , Bio Laura L , Boguniewicz Juri , Chiotos Kathleen , Downes Kevin , Grapentine Steven P , Hersh Adam L , Heston Sarah M , Hijano Diego R , Huskins W Charles , James Scott H , Jones Sarah , Lockowitz Christine R , Lloyd Elizabeth C , MacBrayne Christine , Maron Gabriela M , Hayes McDonough Molly , Miller Christine M , Morton Theodore H , Olivero Rosemary M , Orscheln Rachel C , Schwenk Hayden T , Singh Prachi , Soma Vijaya L , Sue Paul K , Vora Surabhi B , Nakamura Mari M , Wolf Joshua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Since November 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created challenges for preventing and managing COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Most research to develop new therapeutic interventions or to repurpose existing ones has been undertaken in adults, and although most cases of infection in pediatric populations are mild, there have been many cases of critical and fatal infection. Understanding the risk factors for severe illness and the evidence for safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of therapies for COVID-19 in children is necessary to optimize therapy.

Methods
A panel of experts in pediatric infectious diseases, pediatric infectious diseases pharmacology, and pediatric intensive care medicine from 21 geographically diverse North American institutions was re-convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys and a systematic review with meta-analysis of data for risk factors, a guidance statement comprising a series of recommendations for risk stratification, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 was developed and refined based on expert consensus.

Results
There are identifiable clinical characteristics that enable risk stratification for patients at risk for severe COVID-19. These risk factors can be used to guide the treatment of hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19 and to guide preventative therapy where options remain available.
Discovery of a nova super-remnant cavity surrounding RS Ophiuchi
Authors: Healy-Kalesh M W , Darnley M J , Harvey É J , Newsam A M 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
The prototypical nova super-remnant (NSR) was uncovered around the most rapidly recurring nova (RN), M31N 2008-12a. Simulations of the growth of NSRs revealed that these large structures should exist around all novae, whether classical or recurrent. NSRs consist of large shell-like structures surrounding excavated cavities. Predictions, informed by these simulations, led to the discovery of an extended cavity coincident with the Galactic RN, RS Ophiuchi (RS Oph), in far-infrared archival IRAS images. We propose that this cavity is associated with RS Oph and is therefore evidence of another NSR to be uncovered.
Machine intelligence in metamaterials design: a review
Authors: Cerniauskas Gabrielis , Sadia Haleema , Alam Parvez 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMachine intelligence continues to rise in popularity as an aid to the design and discovery of novel metamaterials. The properties of metamaterials are essentially controllable via their architectures and until recently, the design process has relied on a combination of trial-and-error and physics-based methods for optimization. These processes can be time-consuming and challenging, especially if the design space for metamaterial optimization is explored thoroughly. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can be used to overcome challenges like these as pre-processed massive metamaterial datasets can be used to very accurately train appropriate models. The models can be broad, describing properties, structure, and function at numerous levels of hierarchy, using relevant inputted knowledge. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the literature where state-of-the-art machine intelligence is used for the design, discovery and development of metamaterials. In this review, individual approaches are categorized based on methodology and application. We further present machine intelligence trends over a wide range of metamaterial design problems including: acoustics, photonics, plasmonics, mechanics, and more. Finally, we identify and discuss recent research directions and highlight current gaps in knowledge.