bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycerin‐based dispensers of fir oil reduce response of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, to citrus odours
Authors: Chuang Angela , Stelinski Lukasz L. , Pérez Cordero Lourdes , Antolinez Carlos Andres , Rivera Monique J. , Setamou Mamoudou , Diepenbrock Lauren M. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, transmits the bacterial pathogen associated with huanglongbing, a fatal citrus disease. Alternatives to insecticides for D. citri management are being explored, given the development of insecticide resistance and the lack of efficient biological controls. Essential oils as pest repellents have shown some efficacy in laboratory and field evaluations; however, lack of an effective dispenser for field deployment has prevented their application. In this investigation, we evaluated glycerin‐based dispensers releasing fir (Abies spp.) oil as repellents for D. citri. In olfactometer tests, glycerin dispensers loaded with fir oil at 20% w/w repelled psyllids from citrus odours but did not cause repellency at lower loading dosages. Field evaluations were conducted with dispensers at the 20% loading dosage based on laboratory results. In open‐air cage bioassays, fewer psyllids alighted on trees treated with 2 dispensers per tree than on control trees. Similarly, fewer psyllids were found on mature lime trees in homeowner landscapes treated with 4 dispensers per tree compared to paired control trees. In small plot experiments in commercial grapefruit, psyllid infestation of young leaf flush shoots was reduced in plots treated with at least 250 dispensers/ha compared to untreated control plots. Our results indicate that these glycerin‐based fir oil dispensers can reduce infestation of citrus by D. citri. However, the efficacy observed within replicated small plots of citrus grown in monoculture was judged insufficient to manage this vector as a stand‐alone treatment. Larger scale evaluations at higher loading dosages of fir oil and/or in combination with other management tools are warranted based on the outcomes of these initial experiments.
Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a fecal immunochemical test‐positive group: The National Health Insurance Service‐National Health Screening Cohort
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Cho Kyung Hee , Choi Junho , Chun Sungyoun , Lee Jae Kwang , Cho Hyunsoon , Kim Bun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer (CRC) was the fourth most common cancer in Republic of Korea in 2019. It has a gradually increasing mortality rate, indicating the importance of screening for CRC. Among the various CRC screening test, fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a simple yet most commonly used. Neverthelss, there have been only few long‐term studies on subjects with FIT‐positive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRC in FIT‐positive patients using the National Health Insurance Service Bigdata database.MethodsAmong 1 737 633 individuals with a FIT screening result for CRC in 2009, 101 143 (5.82%) were confirmed to be FIT positive. The CRC incidence over 10 years (up to 2018) of these participants was investigated using the National Cancer Registry.ResultsOut of the 101 143 FIT‐positive participants, 4395 (4.35%) were diagnosed with CRC. The FIT‐positive patients who underwent a second round of screening showed a 5‐year cumulative CRC incidence of approximately 1.25%, whereas those who did not showed an incidence of approximately 3.75%. Among the FIT‐positive patients, the CRC incidence in the non‐compliance group for the second round of screening was 2.8 times higher than that in the compliance group.ConclusionsIn FIT‐positive participants, non‐compliance with the second round of screening was identified as a major risk factor for CRC development. It is necessary to establish appropriate strategies for managing risk factors for CRC in FIT‐positive patients to increase the rate of compliance with the second round of CRC screening.
A method for extraction of exosomes from breast tumour cells and characterisation by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Liu Zhiang , Xue Haowen , Chen Qi , Yang Ge 
Published: October 2023

AbstractExosomes can not only be used as markers of tumour metastasis but also be used for noninvasive diagnosis of clinical diseases, which holds significant medical research value. Observing the morphology and distribution of exosomes using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is highly significant. In this study, we use breast tumour cell (MDA‐MB‐231) exosomes as a representative sample and focus on the extraction and purification of exosomes, as well as the investigation of optimal conditions for the observation of exosomes using TEM. Through comparative tests, we obtained the optimal dilution concentration and staining method for TEM of exosomes, the best dilution concentration is 100 times, the best negative staining time is 1.5 min. Western blotting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of exosome. The particle size experiment shows that the size of exosomes is mainly distributed between 60 nm and 150 nm. This method provides a reference for TEM sample preparation of subcellular structures and small molecular biomaterials other than exosomes.
Osteopontin and fibronectin in lung tissue, serum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of dogs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and control dogs
Authors: Fastrès Aline , Roels Elodie , Tutunaru Alexandru C. , Bolen Géraldine , Merveille Anne‐Christine , Day Michael J. , Garigliany Mutien‐Marie , Antoine Nadine , Clercx Cécile 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects West Highland white terriers (WHWTs). Osteopontin (SPP1) and fibronectin (FN1) are associated with human IPF and are overexpressed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) macrophages in dogs with IPF.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of these proteins as biomarkers of IPF.AnimalsWest Highland white terriers (WHWTs) with IPF, control WHWTs, and terriers.MethodsCross‐sectional observational study. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize SPP1 and FN1 in lung tissue. Serum and BALF SPP1 and FN1 concentrations were measured using canine ELISA kits and compared between groups.ResultsOsteopontin stained ciliated epithelial cells, smooth muscular cells, and macrophages of all included dogs, and type‐II pneumocytes and extracellular matrix of all 12 diseased WHWTs, 4/6 control WHWTs, and none of the 3 terriers. Osteopontin serum concentration was higher in diseased WHWTs (n = 22; 2.15 ng/mL [0.74‐5.30]) compared with control WHWTs (n = 13; 0.63 ng/mL [0.41‐1.63]; P = .005) and terriers (n = 15; 0.31 ng/mL [0.19‐0.51]; P < .0001), and in control WHWTs compared with terriers (P = .005). Osteopontin BALF concentrations were higher in diseased (0.27 ng/mL [0.14‐0.43]) and control WHWTs (0.25 ng/mL [0.14‐0.40]), compared with terriers (0.02 ng/mL [0.01‐0.08]; P < .0001 and P = .003, respectively). Fibronectin (FN1) serum concentrations were lower in diseased dogs (1.03 ng/mL [0.35‐1.48]) and control WHWTs (0.61 ng/mL [0.24‐0.65]) compared with terriers (2.72 ng/mL [0.15‐5.21]; P < .0001 and P = .0001, respectively). There was no difference in FN1 immunostaining and FN1 BALF concentrations between groups.ConclusionsResults suggest that SPP1 is involved in pathogenesis of IPF and could predispose that breed to the disease. Osteopontin serum concentration could serve as a diagnostic biomarker of IPF.
Spatial variation of the Akosombo hydroelectric power dam and its effects on downstream water quality, people and living organisms
Authors: Gbedemah Shine Francis , Andoh Andreas , Adanu Selase 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThe Akosombo Hydroelectric Power Plant (AHPP) is one of the largest man‐made lakes in the world. The impact of the dam after its construction on living organisms and people is not known. This paper offers new insights into our understanding of how the lake affects water quality for living organisms and people living downstream of its tailrace at different spatial levels. Water samples were collected to determine physicochemical and bacteriological parameters at fifteen strategically chosen sampling points. The data were analysed in the laboratory for certain physicochemical and biological parameters. About 95 questionnaires were also administered at Abume to households to ascertain their concerns with the water from the dam. The results indicated that the operation of AHPP has statistically significant effects on pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), faecal coliform and total coliform. The DO and total coliform did not rejuvenate by the 1km tailrace distance of the study. However, pH rejuvenated at a distance of 750 meters. The people also point out that the quality of the river at Abume is not safe for drinking and living organisms. The study concludes that water from the AHPP downstream is a satisfactory source of raw water that can be treated for domestic use. The water can also not support large fish species like tilapia. The study recommends that cage fishing should not take place close to the tailrace. The Volta River Authority and the government should provide potable drinking water to the communities affected by the construction of the dam and new sustainable turbines should be employed to manage the dam.
Payment delay in workfare programmes and household welfare: Theory and some evidence from India
Authors: Basu Parantap , S. N Rajesh Raj , Sen Kunal 
Published: October 2023

AbstractUsing the lens of a life cycle model, we argue that an administrative failure of a wage payment delay in a workfare programme could adversely affect the welfare of the poor through two channels. First, it imposes an implicit consumption tax on the household. Second, it changes the status of labour from a “cash” to a credit” good and encourages workers with negative net worth to work harder to clear off the debt. The loss of welfare persists even when the worker has outside employment options. The model's prediction accords well with India's flagship National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), where payment delay to workers participating in the programme has been endemic. Our empirical evidence suggests that, contrary to conventional wisdom, worker participation in the MGNREGA programme is positively associated with a wage payment delay. However, such increased worker participation instead of signalling success of the programme points to a deeper problem of this workfare programme because of the welfare loss suffered by asset‐poor households.
Naturalizing unnatural death in Los Angeles County jails
Authors: Shapiro Nicholas , Keel Terence 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIn this paper we use quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how death investigations in Los Angeles County jails disproportionately naturalize death among Black and Latino incarcerated people. Our study is based on an assessment of 58 autopsies, coroner investigator narratives, and toxicology reports produced between 2009 and 2018. We found that the Medical Examiner frequently arrived at natural or undetermined death determinations that minimized the culpability of carceral staff for loss of life that occurred within county jail. In our dataset, Black people were disproportionately classified as natural. Undetermined deaths were almost exclusively Latino. More than 75% of the cases in our study were deaths that occurred before standing trial. Our findings reveal how biomedical knowledge about incarcerated Black and Latino people is used to erase the life‐diminishing effects of punishment, neglect, and maltreatment that are central to the project of mass incarceration.
Shaping the development of complex social behavior
Authors: Curley James P. , Champagne Frances A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractEarly life experiences can have an enduring impact on the brain and behavior, with implications for stress reactivity, cognition, and social behavior. In particular, the neural systems that contribute to the expression of social behavior are altered by early life social environments. However, paradigms that have been used to alter the social environment during development have typically focused on exposure to stress, adversity, and deprivation of species‐typical social stimulation. Here, we explore whether complex social environments can shape the development of complex social behavior. We describe lab‐based paradigms for studying early life social complexity in rodents that are generally focused on enriching the social and sensory experiences of the neonatal and juvenile periods of development. The impact of these experiences on social behavior and neuroplasticity is highlighted. Finally, we discuss the degree to which our current approaches for studying social behavior outcomes give insight into “complex” social behavior and how social complexity can be better integrated into lab‐based methodologies.
Roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Shi Liyan , Ye Xingchen , Zhou Jing , Fang Yuwen , Yang Jiazhen , Meng Mingmei , Zou Jing 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveDNA methylation as intensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanism exerts pleiotropic effects on dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). DMSCs have self‐renewal and multidifferentiation potential. Here, this review aims at summarizing the research status about application of DMSCs in tissue engineering and clarifying the roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of DMSCs, with expectation of paving the way for its in‐depth exploration in tissue engineering.MethodThe current research status about influence of DNA methylation in DMSCs was acquired by MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science using the keywords ‘DNA methylation’, ‘dental‐derived mesenchymal stem cells’, ‘dental pulp stem cells’, ‘periodontal ligament stem cells’, ‘dental follicle stem cells’, ‘stem cells from the apical papilla’, ‘stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth’, and ‘gingival‐derived mesenchymal stem cells’.ResultsThis review indicates DNA methylation affects DMSCs' differentiation and function through inhibiting or enhancing the expression of specific gene resulted by DNA methylation‐related genes or relevant inhibitors.ConclusionDNA methylation can influence DMSCs in aspects of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, immunomodulatory function, and so on. Yet, the present studies about DNA methylation in DMSCs commonly focus on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Little has been reported for other DMSCs.
System Xc− exacerbates metabolic stress under glucose depletion in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Miao , Li Bo , Meng Wanrong , Chen Yafei , Liu Hanghang , Zhang Zhuoyuan , Li Longjiang 
Published: October 2023

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests that glucose depletion (GD)‐induced cell death depends on system Xc−, a glutamate/cystine antiporter extensively studied in ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains debated. Our study confirmed the correlation between system Xc− and GD‐induced cell death and provided a strategic treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsqPCR and Western blotting were performed to detect changes in xCT and CD98 expression after glucose withdrawal. Then, the cell viability of OSCCs under the indicated conditions was measured. To identify the GD‐responsible transcriptional factors of SLC7A11, we performed a luciferase reporter assay and a ChIP assay. Further, metabolomics was conducted to identify changes in metabolites. Finally, mitochondrial function and ATP production were evaluated using the seahorse assay, and NADP+/NADPH dynamics were measured using a NADP+/NADPH kit.ResultsIn OSCCs, system Xc− promoted GD‐induced cell death by increasing glutamate consumption, which promoted NADPH exhaustion and TCA blockade. Moreover, GD‐induced xCT upregulation was governed by the p‐eIF2α/ATF4 axis.ConclusionsSystem Xc− overexpression compromised the metabolic flexibility of OSCC under GD conditions, and thus, glucose starvation therapy is effective for killing OSCC cells.
Cortical Endplate Bone Density Measured by Novel Phantomless Quantitative Computed Tomography May Predict Cage Subsidence more Conveniently and Accurately
Authors: Di Mingyuan , Weng Yuanzhi , Wang Guohua , Bian Hanming , Qi Huan , Wu Hongjin , Chen Chao , Dou Yiming , Wang Zhi , Ma Xinlong , Xu Baoshan , Zhu Shan , Lu Weijia William , Yang Qiang 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivePrevious studies have shown that bone mineral density (BMD) is a predictor of cage subsidence. Phantom‐less quantitative computed tomography (PL‐QCT) can measure volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of lumbar trabecular and cortical bone. The study of endplate vBMD (EP‐vBMD) is important in predicting cage settlement after extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF). This study aimed to determine the risk factors for postoperative cage subsidence after XLIF, particularly focusing on the relationship between vBMD measured by automatic PL‐QCT and cage subsidence.MethodsPatients who underwent XLIF surgery from January 2018 to October 2020 with a minimum of 6 months of follow‐up were retrospectively included. Cage subsidence was defined as >2 mm cage sinking on the adjacent endplate in follow‐up imaging evaluation. Outcome measures were localized vBMDs included EP‐vBMDs with different region of interest (ROI) heights measured by PL‐QCT based on a customized muscle‐fat algorithm. Shapiro–Wilk test, one‐way ANOVA, Mann–Whitney test, Fisher exact test, univariable and multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were executed in this study.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen levels of 78 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 65 ± 7.9 years for 11 males and 67 females. Cage subsidence occurred on 45 (39.8%) surgical levels. There was no significant difference in demographics, fused levels, or preoperative radiographic parameters. 1.25‐mm EP‐vBMD (0.991 [0.985,0.997], p = 0.004) and P‐TB‐vBMD (cage‐positioned trabecular volumetric bone mineral density) (0.988 [0.977–0.999], p = 0.026) were cage‐subsidence relevant according to univariate analysis. Low 1.25‐mm EP‐vBMD (0.992 [0.985, 0.999], p = 0.029) was an independent risk factor according to multifactorial analysis.ConclusionPreoperative low EP‐vBMD was an independent risk factor for postoperative cage subsidence after XLIF. EP‐vBMD measured by most cortex‐occupied ROI may be the optimal vBMD parameter for cage subsidence prediction.
Diabetes‐related Screw Loosening: The Distinction of Surgical Sites and the Relationship among Diabetes, Implant Stabilization and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wang Tianji , Wang Jing , Hu Xiaofan , Hao Kaili , Xiang Geng , Wu Zixiang , Ma Zhensheng , Li Tianqing , Chen Yu , Zhao Xiong , Zhang Yang , Ma Tiancheng , Ren Jingjuan , Lei Wei , Feng Yafei 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesDiabetes mellitus (DM) is correlated with poor clinical outcomes in spinal surgery. However, the effect of it on screw stabilization has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the screw loosening rate and postoperative outcomes in diabetic patients and to identify potential risk factors associated with loosening.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Two hundred and forty‐three patients who received cervical or lumbar internal fixation between 2015 and 2019 were enrolled. Screw loosening was assessed on radiography, and clinical outcomes were evaluated by the improvement of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) or Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. The relationship of DM, screw loosening and clinical outcomes were analyzed with chi‐square tests and regression analyses.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two patients (50.2%) with diabetes were included in this study. Diabetes led to the increase of the rate of screw loosening in the lumbar spine, while the loosening rate did not vary significantly in the cervical spine. The occurrence of screw loosening in the lumbar spine was more likely to be associated with clinical outcomes for motor performance including walking and sitting. However, no significant effect on JOA and VAS scores in the cervical spine of screw loosening was found. Moreover, the history of DM affected the outcomes of the patients who underwent spinal surgery.ConclusionDM had an adverse effect on screw stabilization. The impaired improvement of clinical outcomes in diabetics after spinal surgery was related to screw loosening. In addition to the direct effects on operative wounds and neural function, the impact on the screws due to DM was also worth noting.
Targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes reveals functional divergence in seed coat colour, oil content and fatty acid composition in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Li Huailin , Yu Kaidi , Zhang Zilu , Yu Yalun , Wan Jiakai , He Hanzi , Fan Chuchuan 
Published: October 2023

SummaryYellow‐seed is widely accepted as a good‐quality trait in Brassica crops. Previous studies have shown that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is essential for the development of seed colour, but its function in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, is poorly understood. To systematically explore the gene functions of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rapeseed, several representative TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, including three structural genes (BnaTT7, BnaTT18, BnaTT10), two regulatory genes (BnaTT1, BnaTT2) and a transporter (BnaTT12), were selected for targeted mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 in the present study. Seed coat colour, lignin content, seed quality and yield‐related traits were investigated in these Bnatt mutants together with Bnatt8 generated previously. These Bnatt mutants produced seeds with an elevated seed oil content and decreased pigment and lignin accumulation in the seed coat without any serious defects in the yield‐related traits. In addition, the fatty acid (FA) composition was also altered to different degrees, i.e., decreased oleic acid and increased linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid, in all Bnatt mutants except Bnatt18. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that most of BnaTT mutations resulted in the down‐regulation of key genes related to flavonoid and lignin synthesis, and the up‐regulation of key genes related to lipid synthesis and oil body formation, which may contribute to the phenotype. Collectively, our study generated valuable resources for breeding programs, and more importantly demonstrated the functional divergence and overlap of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in seed coat colour, oil content and FA composition of rapeseed.