bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary superinfection diagnosed with bronchoalveolar lavage at intubation in COVID patients: A Swedish single‐centre study
Authors: Hammarskjöld Fredrik , Berg Sören , Bavelaar Herjan , Henningson Anna J. , Taxbro Knut 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (C‐ARDS) on invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) have been found to be prone to having other microbial findings than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐2)‐CoV‐19 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid at intubation causing a superinfection. These BAL results could guide empirical antibiotic treatment in complex clinical situations. However, there are limited data on the relationship between microbial findings in the initial BAL at intubation and later ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) diagnoses.ObjectiveTo analyse the incidence of, and microorganisms responsible for, superinfections in C‐ARDS patients at the time of first intubation through microbial findings in BAL fluid. To correlate these findings to markers of inflammation in plasma and later VAP development.DesignRetrospective single‐centre study.SettingOne COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) at a County Hospital in Sweden during the first year of the pandemic.PatientsAll patients with C‐ARDS who were intubated in the ICU.ResultsWe analysed BAL fluid specimens from 112 patients at intubation, of whom 31 (28%) had superinfections. Blood levels of the C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, neutrophil granulocytes, and lymphocytes were indistinguishable between patients with and without a pulmonary superinfection. Ninety‐eight (88%) of the patients were treated with IMV for more than 48 h and of these patients, 37% were diagnosed with VAP. The microorganisms identified in BAL at the time of intubation are normally found at the oral, pharyngeal, and airway sites. Only one patient had an indistinguishable bacterial strain responsible for both superinfection at intubation and in VAP.ConclusionsOne fourth of the patients with C‐ARDS had a pulmonary superinfection in the lungs that was caused by another microorganism identified at intubation. Routine serum inflammatory markers could not be used to identify this complication. Microorganisms located in BAL at intubation were rarely associated with later VAP development.
Alcohol use disorder and time perception: The mediating role of attention and working memory
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Yin Huazhan , Liu Xiaoyi , Zhang Li , Wu Dehua , Shi Yan , Chen Yang , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with attentional deficits and impairments of working memory. Meanwhile, attention and working memory are critical for time perception. However, it remains unclear how time perception alters in AUD patients and how attention and working memory affect their time perception. The current study aims to clarify the time perception characteristics of AUD patients and the cognitive mechanisms underlying their time perception dysfunction. Thirty‐one patients (three of them were excluded) with AUD and thirty‐one matched controls completed the Time Bisection Task, Attention Network Test and Digital Span Backward Test to assess their abilities in time perception, attention network and working memory, respectively. The results showed that, after controlling for anxiety, depression, and impulsivity, AUD patients had a lower proportion of ‘long’ responses at intervals of 600, 750, 900, 1050 and 1200 ms. Furthermore, they displayed higher subjective equivalence points and higher Weber ratios compared to controls. Moreover, AUD patients showed impaired alerting and executive control networks as well as reduced working memory resources. Only working memory resources mediated the impact of AUD on time perception. In conclusion, our findings suggested that the duration underestimation in AUD patients is predominantly caused by working memory deficits.
Maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity and risk of birth defects in offspring: Population‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu Weiying , Ren Luzhong , Fang Fang , Chen Ruoqing 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionMaternal obesity, a health condition increasingly prevalent worldwide, has been suggested to be associated with a higher risk of birth defects in offspring, whereas evidence from population‐based data from China was largely lacking. Additionally, the role of gestational diabetes in the association between maternal obesity and birth defects remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity with any and different types of birth defects in offspring and the interaction between pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes.Material and methodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study including 257 107 singletons born between 2015 and 2021 in Longgang District, Shenzhen, China, using data from the Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. Poisson regression was conducted to estimate the associations of maternal pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity, as well as the interaction between pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity and gestational diabetes, with the risk of birth defects. Models were adjusted for maternal age at delivery, educational level, type of household registration, and gravidity.ResultsMaternal pre‐pregnancy overweight was associated with a higher risk of any birth defect (risk ratio [RR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.31) as well as of congenital malformations of the circulatory system (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.41), eye/ear/face/neck (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.94), and musculoskeletal system (RR 1.21, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.44). Maternal pre‐pregnancy obesity was associated with a higher risk of any birth defect (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.63) and congenital malformations of the circulatory system (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.98). Infants born to overweight or obese mothers with gestational diabetes had a higher risk of congenital malformations of the circulatory system than infants born to overweight or obese mothers without gestational diabetes.ConclusionsMaternal pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity was associated with a higher risk of birth defects, particularly congenital malformations of the circulatory system, in offspring. Gestational diabetes interacts additively with pre‐pregnancy overweight or obesity on modifying the risk of congenital malformations of the circulatory system. The importance of improving weight management and assessment of glucose and metabolic functions was emphasized among women planning for pregnancy who are overweight or obese.
Printable oxygen‐generating biodegradable scaffold for thicker tissue‐engineered medical products
Authors: Pei Zihan , Montagne Kevin , Namiki Ayaka , Shinohara Makoto , Ushida Takashi , Furukawa Katsuko S. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractBackgroundDue to the increasing demand to generate thick and vascularized tissue‐engineered constructs, novel strategies are currently being developed. An effective example is the fabrication of a 3D scaffold containing oxygen‐releasing biomaterials to solve the limitations of gas diffusion and transport within transplanted tissues or devices.MethodsIn this study, we developed a biodegradable scaffold made of polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with oxygen‐generating calcium peroxide (CPO) to design new structures for regenerative tissue using a 3D printer capable of forming arbitrarily shapes.Results and ConclusionWhen osteoblast progenitor cells (MC3T3‐E1 cells) were cultured under hypoxic conditions on scaffolds fabricated with this technique, it was shown that cell death was reduced by the new scaffolds. Therefore, the results suggest that 3D‐printed scaffolds made from biodegradable oxygen‐releasing materials may be useful for tissue engineering and regeneration.
A framework for Indigenous climate resilience: A Gitxsan case study
Authors: Wale Janna Deanne , Parrott Lael 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIndigenous communities in British Columbia hold deep relationships with their Lands, and are disproportionately affected by climate change. This study assesses resilience of Indigenous communities to climate change with respect to changes in the traditional seasonal round. Through a decolonizing methodology that is inclusive of a two‐eyed seeing approach, we develop a culturally appropriate framework for assessing climate resilience of Indigenous communities and apply this framework to a case study of the Gitxsan Nation. Our “Rez‐ilience” framework is an adaptation of a commonly used resilience assessment framework to include an Indigenous worldview. Through application of the framework to qualitative data obtained from surveys and interviews with Nation members, we document how the cumulative impacts of climate change and ecosystem degradation are affecting the timing of traditional seasonal activities, and how people are responding to these changes. We conclude with recommendations for ways that the Gitxsan Nation might increase its climate resilience.
Economic Development and Social Integration of Migrants in China
Authors: Shen Guangjun , Zhang Chuanchuan 
Published: January 2024

AbstractMigrants often face challenges in social integration. Using a nationally representative sample of migrant workers and employing the epidemiological approach, this paper examines the determinants of social integration. It finds that, conditional on a set of individual features, the migrants from less‐developed provinces have greater difficulty in integrating into local communities. These results still demonstrate robustness across alternative variables, samples, and various specifications. Mechanism analysis shows that educational and employment factors account for over 40 percent of the variance in social integration levels, suggesting their significant influence. Additionally, the analysis suggests that native bias against migrants, along with misunderstandings between them, may account for part of the remaining variation in social integration levels. Importantly, the ability to speak local dialects has been identified as a crucial factor that can significantly improve migrants' subjective experience of integrating into a new city. By identifying one specific cause of social integration, this paper provides information to individuals and governments and assists them to improve social integration.
Does City Shape Affect China's Economic Development?
Authors: Zou Wei , Yang Fei 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThis paper constructs a general equilibrium spatial urban model and measures city geometric compactness using the patch‐shape index based on evidence from satellite imagery and basic vector maps of China. It adopts the ordinary least squares and instrumental variable approaches to examine the effect of city shape on the urban development of 279 Chinese cities at or above the prefecture level. The empirical results show that there was a significant negative correlation between city shape and economic outcomes. Specifically, every 1 percentage point increase in the patch‐shape index led to a decrease in city‐scale GDP by 0.009 percent, housing prices by 0.044 percent, and wages by 0.024 percent. More compact urban layouts attracted an inflow of households and firms, stimulated city economic growth, and were associated with increased housing prices and wage rates. The paper considers the cities' initial conditions, trends in population changes (expanding, shrinking, and stagnant cities), and geographic factors, and finds that the results are robust. An array of policy implications can be drawn from the research.
Assessment of an online tooth morphology course and 3D examination tool during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Lone Mutahira , Mohamed Mawadda Abdelmahmoud Abdelgader , Toulouse André 
Published: January 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic brought major disruptions to dental teaching and has impacted the delivery of tooth morphology courses where students are introduced to the three‐dimensional features of the dentition. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of newly developed online teaching modalities for tooth morphology, evaluate their usefulness and identify elements that are beneficial for learners.Materials and MethodsFollowing the delivery of an online course that included online 3D models, 2D cue cards, live discussion sessions and Socrative™ quizzes, the participants were asked to rate the usability and usefulness of each tool. The participants' knowledge of tooth morphology was assessed through an online examination using 3D‐digitised tooth models.ResultsThe participants identified lecture handouts and online 3D models as their preferred learning tools, while lecture video recordings and 2D cue cards were viewed as less useful. Data analysis from Socrative™ quizzes demonstrated improvement in tooth identification skills throughout the course delivery. Finally, results from the final assessment are in line with previous in‐person deliveries of this course.ConclusionsThe study provides valuable information on the usefulness of teaching modalities that were implemented in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and their merit to be retained in future deliveries of the course. The 3D models have been identified as particularly useful in this context, but the participants still value the opportunity to learn with extracted teeth. Furthermore, it remains to be confirmed whether tooth identification skills acquired using 3D models can be transferred to the clinical setting.
Classification of Alzheimer's disease: application of a transfer learning deep Q‐network method
Authors: Ma Huibin , Wang Yadan , Hao Zeqi , Yu Yang , Jia Xize , Li Mengting , Chen Lanfen 
Published: January 2024

AbstractEarly diagnosis is crucial to slowing the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), so it is urgent to find an effective diagnostic method for AD. This study intended to investigate whether the transfer learning approach of deep Q‐network (DQN) could effectively distinguish AD patients using local metrics of resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) as features. This study included 1310 subjects from the Consortium for Reliability and Reproducibility (CoRR) and 50 subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) GO/2. The amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) were extracted as features using the Power 264 atlas. Based on gender bias in AD, we searched for transferable similar parts between the CoRR feature matrix and the ADNI feature matrix, resulting in the CoRR similar feature matrix served as the source domain and the ADNI similar feature matrix served as the target domain. A DQN classifier was pre‐trained in the source domain and transferred to the target domain. Finally, the transferred DQN classifier was used to classify AD and healthy controls (HC). A permutation test was performed. The DQN transfer learning achieved a classification accuracy of 86.66% (p < 0.01), recall of 83.33% and precision of 83.33%. The findings suggested that the transfer learning approach using DQN could be an effective way to distinguish AD from HC. It also revealed the potential value of local brain activity in AD clinical diagnosis.
Trait‐matching models predict pairwise interactions across regions, not food web properties
Authors: Caron Dominique , Brose Ulrich , Lurgi Miguel , Blanchet F. Guillaume , Gravel Dominique , Pollock Laura J. 
Published: January 2024

AbstractAimFood webs are essential for understanding how ecosystems function, but empirical data on the interactions that make up these ecological networks are lacking for most taxa in most ecosystems. Trait‐based models can fill these data gaps, but their ability to do so has not been widely tested. We test how well these models can extrapolate to new ecological communities both in terms of pairwise predator–prey interactions and higher level food web attributes (i.e. species position, food web‐level properties).LocationCanada, Europe, Tanzania.Time PeriodCurrent.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial vertebrates.MethodsWe train trait‐based models of pairwise trophic interactions on four independent vertebrate food webs (Canadian tundra, Serengeti, alpine south‐eastern Pyrenees and Europe) and evaluate how well these models predict pairwise interactions and network properties of each food web.ResultsWe find that, overall, trait‐based models predict most interactions and their absence correctly. Performance was best for training and testing on the same food web (AUC > 0.90) and declined with environmental and phylogenetic distances with the strongest loss of performance for the tundra‐Serengeti ecosystems (AUC > 0.75). Network metrics were less well‐predicted than single interactions by our models with predicted food webs being more connected, less modular, and with higher mean trophic levels than observed.Main ConclusionsTheory predicts that the variability observed in food webs can be explained by differences in trait distributions and trait‐matching relationships. Our finding that trait‐based models can predict many trophic interactions, even in contrasting environments, adds to the growing body of evidence that there are general constraints on interactions and that trait‐based methods can serve as a useful first approximation of food webs in unknown areas. However, food webs are more than the sum of their parts, and predicting network attributes will likely require models that simultaneously predict individual interactions and community constraints.
Deprescribing psychotropic medications is associated with improvements in activities of daily living in post‐stroke patients
Authors: Kose Eiji , Matsumoto Ayaka , Yoshimura Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2024

AimsTo examine the effect of deprescribing psychotropic medications on activities of daily living (ADLs) and swallowing function in patients undergoing convalescent rehabilitation following a stroke.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients who underwent convalescent rehabilitation after a stroke were divided into two groups: deprescribing (number of psychotropic medications decreased during hospitalization) and non‐deprescribing (number of psychotropic medications increased or remained unchanged). The primary outcome measure was ADLs assessed using the Functional Independence‐Measured Motor Activity (FIM‐motor) score at discharge. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent association between deprescribing psychotropic medications and rehabilitation outcomes.ResultsOf the 586 patients enrolled, 128 with a mean age of 74.1 ± 12.7 years were included in the final analysis after being prescribed psychotropic medications, with 36 of them (28.1%) in the deprescribing group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that deprescribing psychotropic medications was independently associated with FIM‐motor function at discharge.ConclusionsDeprescribing psychotropic medications is positively associated with improvements in ADLs among patients undergoing convalescent rehabilitation after a stroke. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 275–282.
Effect of prednisolone for the treatment of medication‐overuse headache: A 3‐month result from a multicenter REgistry for Load and management of mEdicAtion overuSE headache (RELEASE) study
Authors: Lee Mi Ji , Park Hong‐Kyun , Oh Sun‐Young , Kang Jin‐Ju , Hong Yooha , Moon Heui‐Soo , Song Tae‐Jin , Chu Min Kyung , Cho Soo‐Jin 
Published: January 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone in the treatment of medication‐overuse headache (MOH) using data from a multicenter prospective registry (Registry for Load and Management of Medication Overuse Headache [RELEASE]).BackgroundThe treatment of MOH is challenging, especially when withdrawal headache manifests during the cessation of overused medication. Although systemic corticosteroids have been empirically used to reduce withdrawal headaches, their efficacy on the long‐term outcomes of MOH has not been documented.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the RELEASE study. The RELEASE is an ongoing multicenter observational cohort study in which patients with MOH have been recruited from seven hospitals in Korea since April 2020. Clinical characteristics, disease profiles, treatments, and outcomes were assessed at baseline and specific time points. We analyzed the effect of prednisolone on MOH reversal at 3 months.ResultsAmong the 309 patients enrolled during the study period, prednisolone was prescribed to 59/309 (19.1%) patients at a dose ranging from 10 to 40 mg/day for 5–14 days; 228/309 patients (73.8%) completed the 3‐month follow‐up period. The MOH reversal rates at 3 months after baseline were 76% (31/41) in the prednisolone group and 57.8% (108/187) in the non‐prednisolone group (p = 0.034). The effect of steroids remained significant (adjusted odds ratio 2.78, 95% confidence interval 1.27–6.1, p = 0.010) after adjusting for the number of monthly headache days at baseline, mode of discontinuation of overused medication, use of early preventive medications, and the number of preventive medications combined.ConclusionsAlthough our observational study could not draw a definitive conclusion, prednisolone may be effective in the treatment of MOH.
Clinical effects of acupuncture for the treatment of pressure ulcers: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Yaoguang , Qiao Peng , Zhang Kaichen , Sun Guangwei , Wang Rui , Yang Xiaohui 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in the treatment of pressure ulcers. Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of acupuncture on pressure ulcers were identified through a comprehensive literature search on public database. The quality assessment of the included trials was performed based on the guidance of the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook, and pooled analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software. The pooled results demonstrated that acupuncture in combination with standard wound care was significantly superior to standard wound care alone with regard to effective rate (RR 1.17, 95% CI [1.10, 1.24]), reduction in Wound Size (MD −2.78, 95% CI [−2.43, −1.44]), healing time (MD −6.24, 95% CI [−12.32, −0.17]) and the amount of 24‐h exudate (MD −0.86, 95% CI [−1.54, −0.18]). In conclusion, this study suggests that acupuncture can be used as an adjunctive therapy to promote healing of pressure ulcers.
Origin of high‐temperature piezoelectric stability and polar nanoregions dynamics in 0.55Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.45PbTiO3
Authors: Chen Kaiyuan , Yan Tianxiang , Lei Xiuyun , Lanceros‐Méndez Senentxu , Yuan Zhi , Fang Liang , Peng Biaolin , Wang Dawei , Liu Laijun , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2024

AbstractThe 0.55Bi(Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.45PbTiO3 ceramics exhibit notable dielectric anomalies across three temperature ranges. The low‐temperature anomaly is attributed to a reentrant dipole glass‐like relaxor behavior; the mid‐temperature anomaly results from a ferro‐paraelectric phase transition; and the high‐temperature anomaly is associated with a diffuse phase transition. The system demonstrates favorable piezoelectric, electromechanical, and ferroelectric properties. Specifically, the ceramic presents a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of 220 pC/N, an electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of 27%, and a remanant polarization (Pr) of 32.5 μC/cm2. Moreover, it maintains an operational capability up to 643 K. The unsaturated P(E) loops are formed through the coupling polarization between polar nanoregions (PNRs) and P4mm ferroelectric domains. By examining the electrical modulus, the dynamic PNRs resulting from ferroelectric phonon localization and the formation of P4mm ferroelectric domains were analyzed. The result reveals a mesoscale coupling relationship between the origin of high‐temperature piezoelectric stability and the dynamics of PNRs, thereby providing noble insights into the (1 − x)BiMeO3–xPbTiO3 system.