bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of abnormal uterine discharge with new intramammary infection in the early postpartum period in multiparous dairy cows
Authors: Epperson W. B. , Hoblet K. H. , Smith K. L. , Hogan J. S. , Todhunter D. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The association of abnormal uterine discharge with the development of intramammary infection (imi) was studied in 62 multiparous Holstein cows during the nonlactating period and from lactation days 3 through 30. Duplicate milk samples were obtained from each mammary gland at approximately day 30 of the nonlactating period. Milk samples for bacteriologic culture also were obtained from each gland from all cows at the end of the previous lactation, at parturition, and on a minimum of 7 additional dates during the first 30 days of lactation. Beginning after parturition and continuing once weekly for 4 weeks, each cow was examined, using a vaginal speculum to visually estimate the quantity of abnormal uterine discharge in the vagina. Additionally, uterine swab specimens were obtained for aerobic bacteriologic culture. Cows were allotted to groups on the basis of the maximal amount of abnormal uterine discharge observed at any 1 of the 4 examinations. Cows in group 1 had normal discharge or < 30 ml of abnormal discharge; in group 2, ≥ 30 ml of abnormal discharge, observed only on examination by vaginal speculum; and in group 3, ≥ 30 ml of abnormal discharge visible externally. A difference was not detected in the development of new imi in the nonlactating period between cows that subsequently developed uterine discharge and those that did not. Although significant differences were not found, a tendency for lactating cows with abnormal uterine discharge to be at increased risk for developing new imi was observed. Direct associations were not found between aerobic bacterial species isolated from the uterus and species isolated from glands with newly developed imi during lactation. This lack of association indicated that development of imi in lactation was not likely a direct result of teat-end exposure to bacteria originating from the uterus.
Effect of sucralfate on healing of subclinical gastric ulcers in foals
Authors: Borne Agatha T. , MacAllister Charles G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
The effect of sucralfate on healing of subclinical gastric ulcers and gastric inflammation was investigated in twelve 6- to 7-month-old foals. Foals with endoscopically evident gastric lesions on day 0 were assigned to 1 of 2 groups, on the basis of mucosal inflammation and number and severity of ulcers, to create groups of foals with approximately equal severity of lesions. None of these foals had clinical signs of gastroduodenal ulcer disease. Groups were assigned to receive sucralfate (22.0 mg/kg of body weight) or corn syrup for 14 days, po, every 8 hours. On day 15, gastroscopic examinations revealed that sucralfate did not promote greater healing than did the corn syrup.
Prostaglandin induction of abortion in pregnant bitches after misalliance
Authors: Feldman Edward C. , Davidson Autumn P. , Nelson Richard W. , Nyland Thomas G. , Munro Coralie 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Of 48 privately-owned bitches evaluated 30 to 35 days after a single, unplanned breeding, 30 (62%) dogs were determined not to be pregnant by abdominal ultrasonography and 18 dogs were confirmed to be pregnant. Each pregnant dog was hospitalized, allotted to a treatment group, and given prostaglandin F2α, sc, at 1 of 3 dosages: group 1, 0.1 mg/kg of body weight, every 8 hours; group 2, 0.25 mg/kg, every 12 hours; and group 3, 0.1 mg/kg, every 8 hours for 2 days and then 0.2 mg/kg every 8 hours thereafter. Plasma from each dog was assayed for progesterone concentration before treatment and daily until abortion was completed. Physical examinations and abdominal ultrasonography were performed every 12 and 48 hours, respectively. Treatment was continued until abortion was complete as determined by results of abdominal ultrasonography. Ultrasonography was performed earlier than the scheduled 48 hours if abdominal contractions, fetuses, or bloody or dark colored vaginal discharge was observed.
Dogs of 14 breeds were treated; body weight ranged from 5.4 to 37.7 kg. All dogs aborted all fetuses within 9 days of beginning treatment. Abdominal palpation was not satisfactory in confirming whether the abortion process had been completed; however, results of ultrasonography were a reliable indicator. Plasma progesterone concentrations prior to treatment were typical of the middle phase of gestation, with all concentrations > 6.0 ng/ml. The plasma progesterone concentration decreased significantly in each dog after the first 48 hours of therapy. None of the bitches aborted any fetal material until at least 24 hours after the plasma progesterone concentration was < 2.0 ng/ml. Side effects of the initial injection of prostaglandin F2α included panting (n = 14), excess salivation (n = 13), vomiting (n = 12), defecation (n = 10), and urination (n = 3). Side effects were not life threatening, lasted < 30 minutes in all but 2 dogs, and were less severe with each subsequent treatment.
Prostaglandin F2α provided a safe, reliable, effective, and practical abortifacient in pregnant bitches treated at 30 to 35 days after an unplanned breeding. The results of all 3 protocols were satisfactory.
Eosinophilic pleural or peritoneal effusions in dogs and cats: 14 cases (1986-1992)
Authors: Fossum Theresa W. , Wellman Maxey , Relford Roberta L. , Slater Margaret R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary:
Case records of 9 dogs and 5 cats with eosinophilic effusions were reviewed. The animals ranged from 11 months to 13 years old. Seven animals had pleural effusions, 5 had peritoneal effusions, and 2 had pleural and peritoneal effusions.
Neoplasia was confirmed in 6 animals and suspected in 1. Eosinophilic pleural effusion was diagnosed 2 days after pneumothorax developed as a consequence of thoracic tube placement in a cat, and pneumothorax was diagnosed in another cat with eosinophilic peritoneal effusion. Other abnormalities seen in 1 or 2 animals associated with eosinophilic effusion were radiographic signs of interstitial or peribronchial pulmonary infiltrates, a history of allergic respiratory tract and skin disease, intestinal lymphangiectasia and lung lobe torsion, chylothorax, bite wounds causing intestinal perforation, and feline leukemia virus infection.
Based only on the protein concentration of the effusion, 7 effusions were classified as transudates and 7 were classified as exudates. Five of the 14 animals had eosinophilia (> 1,200 eosinophils/μl); 3 of these animals had neoplastic disease. Mean eosinophil count in blood samples was not significantly different between animals with neoplasia and those without. Eosinophil counts in blood samples were not linearly related to counts in effusions; however, in some animals the number of eosinophils in the effusion was much higher than the eosinophil count in blood, suggesting concentration of eosinophils in the effusion.
Progress after one year of a pseudorabies eradication program for large swine herds
Authors: Lehman James R. , Weigel Ronald M. , Siegel Arthur M. , Herr Leslie G. , Taft Arnold C. , Hall William F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Six large farrow-to-finish swine herds quarantined for pseudorabies in Illinois participated in the USDA-initiated Large Herd Cleanup Study. These herds were monitored for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) for 1 year after the initiation of an intensive eradication program. Herd size ranged between 425 and 1,500 females of breeding age. Gene-deleted modified-live virus vaccines were used on all farms, with 3 of the 6 herds receiving a vaccine with a deletion of the gene for glycoprotein-I and the other 3 herds receiving a vaccine with a deletion of the gene for glycoprotein-X. The breeding herd and growing pigs were vaccinated on each farm. Each herd produced its own replacement gilts. In addition, management changes emphasizing all-in, all-out pig flow were initiated.
One year after initiation of the vaccination program, sera for the measurement of prv antibodies were obtained from sows and heavy finishing pigs (> 70 kg) from each of the farms. Prevalence of prv antibodies attributable to wild-type virus infection ranged from 7 to 63% (median, 33%) for sows and from 0 to 42% (median, 4%) for finishers, as determined by the appropriate vaccine differential test. For each sow herd, there was a large decrease in the prv seroprevalence rate after 1 year of the program (range, −21 to −68%; median, −42%). Examination of prv prevalence rates by parity indicated decreased seroprevalences in the lower parities (< 2) in 3 of the herds, suggesting that vaccination reduced the spread of prv. For finishing pigs, 5 of the 6 herds had decreased seroprevalence rates after 1 year (range, −89 to 2%; median, −33%), with only 1 herd having a prv seroprevalence rate > 10%.
Comparison of radiologic imaging techniques for diagnosis of fragmented medial coronoid process of the cubital joint in dogs
Authors: Carpenter Larry G. , Schwarz Peter D. , Lowry Jennifer E. , Park Richard D. , Steyn Phillip F. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty cubital joints from 16 dogs suspected of having a fragmented medial coronoid process were examined. Four breeds accounted for 87.5% of the cases: German Shepherd Dog (25%), Labrador Retriever (25%), Rottweiler (18.75%), and Golden Retriever (18.75%). Seventy-five percent of the dogs were male. Mean age of affected dogs was 13.6 months. Plain-film radiography, xeroradiography, linear tomography, arthrography, and computed tomography were performed on each cubital joint prior to surgical exploration of the joint. Three reviewers evaluated each diagnostic study and independently determined whether a fragment from the medial coronoid process could be seen. The consensus opinion was compared with the finding at surgery. Abnormalities of the medial coronoid process were detected in 25 of 30 joints at surgery. Fragmented coronoid process was found in 17 of 30 joints, and wear lesions were observed in 8 of 30 joints. Computed tomography had the highest accuracy (86.7%), sensitivity (88.2%), and negative-predictive value (84.6%) of the 5 imaging modalities evaluated (P < 0.05). Specificity and positive-predictive value of all imaging techniques were high. There was no significant difference between the diagnostic ability of plain-film radiography, xeroradiography, or linear tomography of the cubital joint. The combination of plain-film radiography and linear tomography provided an improvement in accuracy, approaching that of computed tomography.
Epidemiologic evidence for a causal relation between vaccination and fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis in cats
Authors: Kass Philip H. , Barnes William G. , Spangler W. L. , Chomel Bruno B. , Culbertson M. R. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Within the past 2 years, a putative causal relationship has been reported between vaccination against rabies and the development of fibrosarcomas at injection sites in cats. A retrospective study was undertaken, involving 345 cats with fibrosarcomas diagnosed between January 1991 and May 1992, to assess the causal hypothesis. Cats with fibrosarcomas developing at body locations where vaccines are typically administered (n = 185) were compared with controls (n = 160) having fibrosarcomas at locations not typically used for vaccination. In cats receiving FeLV vaccination within 2 years of tumorigenesis, the time between vaccination and tumor development was significantly (P = 0.005) shorter for tumors developing at sites where vaccines are typically administered than for tumors at other sites. Univariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed associations between FeLV vaccination (odds ratio [or] = 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54 to 5.15), rabies vaccination at the cervical/interscapular region (or = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.01 to 4.31), and rabies vaccination at the femoral region (or = 1.83; 95% CI = 0.65 to 5.10) with fibrosarcoma development at the vaccination site within 1 year of vaccination. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and other vaccines, also revealed increased risks after FeLV (or = 5.49; 95% CI = 1.98 to 15.24) and rabies (or = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.72 to 5.54) vaccination. The risk of cats developing fibrosarcoma from a single vaccination in the cervical/interscapular region was almost 50% higher than in cats not receiving vaccines at that site; the risk in cats with 2 vaccinations was approximately 127% higher and the risk with 3 or 4 vaccines was approximately 175% higher. However, the frequency of fibrosarcomas in the population is low (estimated at 20/100,000 cats). In approximately half of the cats in our study, fibrosarcomas were at sites where vaccines conventionally are given, and of those cats, approximately half (depending on vaccine) had previously received a vaccine at the tumor site. Although we believe that veterinarians should not alter their vaccination protocols, precautions in vaccine administration (administering different vaccines at varied sites) and further informed consent (presenting current information in a proper benefit/risk context) appear to be advisable.
Nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths in dogs and cats by voiding urohydropropulsion
Authors: Lulich Jody P. , Osborne Carl A. , Carlson Melanie , Unger Lisa K. , Samelson Laura L. , Koehler Lori A. , Bird Kathy A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
A technique called voiding urohydropropulsion has been developed that facilitates nonsurgical removal of urocystoliths. Voiding urohydropropulsion was performed in 11 dogs and 10 cats with urocystoliths. Urocystoliths were completely removed from 15 of 21 animals (5 female dogs, 3 male dogs, 5 female cats, and 1 male cat). The number of uroliths removed from any animal varied between 1 and 983. The mean time required to complete voiding urohydropropulsion in the 15 animals from which all uroliths were completely removed was 22 minutes. In 6 animals (2 female dogs, 3 female cats, and 1 male cat), not all urocystoliths were removed. Visible hematuria was induced in all animals as a consequence of voiding urohydropropulsion. In dogs, visible hematuria resolved within 4 hours. Dysuria was not induced by this technique in dogs. In many cats, visible hematuria and dysuria persisted for 1 to 2 days. One male cat developed urethral obstruction after we failed to remove a urolith from the bladder. The urolith was returned to the urinary bladder, and subsequently removed by cystotomy. Voiding urohydropropulsion is a simple and effective method that should be considered for removal of small urocystoliths from dogs and cats before cystotomy is performed.
Ultrasonographic abnormalities in the eyes of dogs with cataracts: 147 cases (1986–1992)
Authors: van der Woerdt Alexandra , Wilkie David A. , Myer C. Wendy 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Records of 147 dogs with cataracts and that had an ultrasonographic examination of their eyes were reviewed. Ultrasonography was performed, using a real-time mechanical sector scanner (7.5 or 10.0 MHz transducer), after topical anesthesia of the cornea. Vitreous degeneration was diagnosed in 23% of the eyes examined. Retinal detachment was detected in 11% of all eyes, but was detected in 4% of eyes with immature cataracts, 6.5% of eyes with mature cataracts, and 19% of eyes with hypermature cataracts. In 66% of the eyes, the cataract was the only ultrasonographic abnormality found. Vitreous degeneration and retinal detachment were most often observed in eyes with a hypermature cataract, and were uncommon in eyes with an immature cataract. We concluded that ultrasonographic examination can detect abnormalities of the posterior segment when opacity of the anterior segment precludes complete ophthalmoscopic examination and that it is a quick and easy procedure for screening dogs for retinal detachment prior to cataract surgery.
Clinical efficacy of milbemycin oxime in the treatment of generalized demodicosis in adult dogs
Authors: Miller William H. , Scott Danny W. , Wellington Jocelyn R. , Panić Rada 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Thirty adult dogs with chronic generalized demodicosis were treated with oral administration of milbemycin oxime (0.52 to 3.8 mg/kg oj body weight, q 24 h). Results oj skin scrapings were used to determine whether administration oj milbemycin should be continued or discontinued. Dogs that were free of clinical signs of demodicosis 12 months after administration of milbemycin was discontinued were considered cured. Sixteen dogs were cured, 5 dogs were never cleared of mites, and 9 dogs were cleared of mites, but relapsed after administration of milbemycin was discontinued. Adverse effects of milbemycin were rare and transient.
Evaluation of lidocaine, xylazine, and a combination of lidocaine and xylazine for epidural analgesia in llamas
Authors: Grubb Tamara L. , Riebold Thomas W. , Huber Michael J. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Epidural analgesia was achieved at weekly intervals in 6 adults llamas by injection of 2% lidocaine, 10% xylazine, and a combination of 2% lidocaine/10% xylazine at the sacrococcygeal junction. Analgesia was determined by lack of response to pin prick or hemostat pressure in the perineal area. Ataxia could not be accurately evaluated because of the llamas’ tendency to assume sternal recumbency when restrained. Time to onset of analgesia was not different between lidocaine (3.16 ± 0.31 minutes) and lidocaine/xylazine (3.50 ± 0.56 minutes), but results for both groups were different than those for xylazine (20.67 ± 3.37 minutes). Duration of analgesia was different among all groups (lidocaine, 71.0 ± 6.15 minutes; xylazine, 186.83 ± 14.86 minutes; lidocaine/xylazine, 325.83 ± 29.39 minutes). Mild sedation developed in 4 llamas given xylazine alone. Lidocaine/xylazine caused mild sedation in 2 llamas and moderate sedation in 1 llama. Significant changes in pulse or respiratory rates were not observed among drugs, but changes were observed over time with all drugs. As has been reported in other species, lidocaine/xylazine provided rapid onset and prolonged duration of analgesia.
Postoperative complications and prognostic indicators in dogs and cats with septic peritonitis: 23 cases (1989–1992)
Authors: King Lesley G. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Medical records of 21 dogs and 2 cats treated for septic peritonitis were reviewed. Animals were between 1 and 12 years old, (mean, 6.5 years) and weighed between 6 and 51.4 kg (mean, 22.7 kg). Overall, 13 animals survived and were discharged from the hospital. Immediately after surgical correction of the underlying cause of peritonitis, most animals were tachycardic (mean heart rate, 148 beats/min; range, 80 to 204 beats/min), and many were hypotensive (mean arterial pressure, 84.4 mm of Hg; range, 44 to 156 mm of Hg). Hypotension was attributed to sepsis and hypovolemia secondary to extensive loss of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. Survivors did not differ from nonsurvivors with regard to mean arterial pressure immediately after surgery, and in most animals, hypotension could be corrected by iv administration of fluids. Three animals died after failing to respond to fluid treatment, despite concurrent administration of inotropic or pressor agents. Mean rate for crystalloid fluid administration was 12.8 ml/kg of body weight/h (range, 5 to 23.5 ml/kg/h) during the first 24 hours after surgery. Six of 23 animals had low urine output for a short time after surgery, but urine output increased when fluids were administered. Hypoalbuminemia developed in all animals (mean serum albumin concentration, 1.17 g/dl; range, 0.6 to 2.3 g/dl), and peripheral edema developed in 13. Neither lowest mean serum albumin concentration nor fluid administration rate was significantly different between animals that developed peripheral edema and those that did not. Fluid administration rates were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (15 ml/kg/h; range, 5.5 to 23.5 ml/kg/h) than in survivors (11 ml/kg/h; range, 5 to 17.5 ml/kg/h). Thirteen animals had evidence of pulmonary alveolar consolidation, and 9 had pleural effusions; however, fluid administration rates were not significantly different between animals that did and those that did not develop clinical respiratory disease. Eleven animals had pancreatitis at the time of surgery, or developed pancreatitis subsequently. Four animals developed disseminated intravascular coagulation, and only 1 survived. Indicators of a poor prognosis included refractory hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, and development of respiratory disease or disseminated intravascular coagulation. Development of pancreatitis, high serum concentrations of hepatic enzymes, high or low wbc count, hypo- or hyperglycemia, signs of abdominal pain, and abdominal effusion were not associated with outcome.
Survival of pigeon red blood cells after transfusion into selected raptors
Authors: Sandmeier Peter , Stauber Erik H. , Wardrop K. Jane , Washizuka Aki 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Survival time of 51Cr-labeled pigeon rbc transfused into 5 raptors was determined. Mean ± sd estimated rbc survival time was 0.51 ± 0.19 days. This was considerably shorter than estimated survival time of autologous rbc in a Red-tailed Hawk (estimated survival, 35.1 days) and in a pigeon (estimated survival, 26.8 days). Estimated survival time after homologous transfusion of rbc from one pigeon to another was 7.1 days. Although single heterologous blood transfusions have been recommended as a safe and efficacious means of whole blood replacement in birds, results of this study suggest that heterologous rbc transfused from pigeons to selected raptor species are rapidly destroyed.
Characterization of naturally developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in 16 German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Willard M. D. , Simpson R. B. , Fossum T. W. , Cohen N. D. , Delles E. K. , Kolp D. L. , Carey D. P. , Reinhart G. A. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Sixteen German Shepherd Dogs were found, via quantitative microbial culture of intestinal fluid samples, to have small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (ibo) over an 11-month period. All dogs were deficient in serum IgA. Consistent clinical signs suggestive of an alimentary tract disorder were not observed. Serum cobalamin determinations were not helpful in detecting ibo. Serum folate concentrations had variable sensitivity and specificity for detecting dogs from which we could culture ≥ 1 × 105 bacteria/ml from intestinal fluid samples in the nonfed state. Histologic and intestinal mucosal cytologic examinations were not useful in detecting ibo. Substantial within-dog and between-dog variation was found in the numbers and species of bacteria in the intestines. The difficulty in diagnosing ibo, the variability in organisms found in individual dogs on repeated sampling, the likelihood that intestinal fluid microbial cultures failed to diagnose ibo in some dogs, and the potential of ibo to be clinically inapparent were the most important findings in this study.
Results of using histologic examination and acid-fast staining to confirm a diagnosis of swine mycobacteriosis made on the basis of gross examination
Authors: Margolis Marcia J. , Hutchinson Lawrence J. , Kephart Kenneth B. , Hattel Arthur L. , Whitlock Robert H. , Payeur Janet B. 
Published: December 2023

Summary
Overall, 74% of the tissue specimens that meat inspectors at a large Pennsylvania packing plant identified as lesions of swine mycobacteriosis yielded Mycobacterium avium on bacteriologie culture. Histopathologic lesions compatible with mycobacteriosis were identified in 83% of the specimens; only 12% of the specimens had acid-fast staining organisms.