bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fruits are vehicles of drug-resistant pathogenic
Candida tropicalis
Authors: Chen Yin-Zhi , Tseng Kuo-Yun , Wang Si-Chong , Huang Ciao-Lin , Lin Chih-Chao , Zhou Zi-Li , Tsai De-Jiun , Lin Chiao-Mei , Chen Yu-Lian , Chen Kai-Ting , Liao Yu-Chieh , Chen Feng-Jui , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Lan Chung-Yu , Lo Hsiu-Jung 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Candida tropicalis
is the leading cause of non-albicans candidemia in tropical/sub-tropical areas. We detected a predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
clinical strains in Taiwan from 2014 to 2018. To investigate the potential fomite transmission of drug-resistant
C. tropicalis
, we characterized yeasts recovered from 17 samples sourced from 6 different kinds of fruits from a supermarket in northern Taiwan in the present study. Fruits were gently washed with buffer, and the solution was then collected for centrifugation. The cell suspension was plated onto CHROMagar Candida medium. Representative yeast species was identified by rDNA sequencing. Drug susceptibilities of
C. tropicalis
were determined by the broth microdilution method. We found that different types of fruit surfaces had different distributions of yeast species. Washing fruit can significantly eliminate the number of yeasts from the surface. Of 123 identified isolates,
C. tropicalis
was the most frequently found species, followed by
Meyerozyma caribbica
and
Candida krusei
. Among 10 collected
C. tropicalis
, all 3 fluconazole-resistant ones were non-susceptible to voriconazole. Furthermore, the genotype of all azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
belonged to the same predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
causing candidemia in patients in Taiwan. Hence, fruit can serve as a vehicle of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
and other species, especially
C. krusei
, which is intrinsically resistant to fluconazole.

IMPORTANCE

Of 123 identified isolates from the fruit surface,
C. tropicalis
was the most frequently found species, followed by
Meyerozyma caribbica
and
Candida krusei
. All three fluconazole-resistant
C. tropicalis
were non-susceptible to voriconazole and belonged to the same predominant genotype of azole-resistant
C. tropicalis
causing candidemia in patients in Taiwan. Our findings provide evidence that fruit should be washed before eaten not only to remove chemicals but also potential drug-resistant pathogenic microbes, especially for immunocompromised individuals. To keep precious treatment options in patients, we not only continuously implement antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals but also reducing/stopping the use of agricultural fungicide classes used in human medicine.
Transcriptional plasticity of schizotrophic
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
responds to symptomatic rapeseed and endophytic wheat hosts
Authors: Tian Binnian , Chen Ziyang , Yu Yang , Yang Yuheng , Fang Anfei , Bi Chaowei , Qu Zheng , Fu Yanping , Mehmood Mirza Abid , Zhou Changyong , Jiang Daohong 
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
, a widespread pathogen of dicotyledons, is also a reciprocal endophytic fungus in monocot plants. However, it is unclear how it responds to two distinct plants. Comparative transcriptomic analyses uncovered a network rewiring, with 14.1% up-differentially expressed genes overlapping upon colonizing the endophytic host wheat and a symptomatic host rapeseed. The divergent transcript of genes originating from host-specific induction is central to infection and colonization, including genes related to appressorium, oxalic acid, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and effector-like proteins. We confirmed that appressorium is required for
S. sclerotiorum
during colonization in symptomatic hosts but not in endophytic wheat via the observation of the infection process of
ΔSs-caf1
, a compound appressorium formation-defective mutant with hypovirulence to symptomatic hosts.
SS1G_10617
and
SS1G_13809
are components of the starch degradation pathways.
ΔSS1G_10617
displayed lower virulence on symptomatic host plants and abnormal endophytic growth on wheat, and
ΔSS1G_13809
only showed an abnormal symbiotic relationship with wheat, implying that starch may be the major carbon source for
S. sclerotiorum
in the symbiosis with wheat. Our results herein suggest that
S. sclerotiorum
modulates biphasic colonization via a divergent transcriptional landscape. This study contributes to a better understanding of schizotrophic fungi and provides new clues for cultivating disease-resistant varieties and adjusting reasonable farming strategies.

IMPORTANCE

The broad host range of fungi with differential fungal responses leads to either a pathogenic or an endophytic lifestyle in various host plants. Yet, the molecular basis of schizotrophic fungal responses to different plant hosts remains unexplored. Here, we observed a general increase in the gene expression of
S. sclerotiorum
associated with pathogenicity in symptomatic rapeseed, including small protein secretion, appressorial formation, and oxalic acid toxin production. Conversely, in wheat, many carbohydrate metabolism and transport-associated genes were induced, indicating a general increase in processes associated with carbohydrate acquisition. Appressorium is required for
S. sclerotiorum
during colonization in symptomatic hosts but not in endophytic wheat. These findings provide new clues for understanding schizotrophic fungi, fungal evolution, and the emergence pathways of new plant diseases.
Labour market trajectories after part-time sickness absence: a nationwide cohort study from Finland
Authors: Hartikainen Elli , Salonen Laura , Solovieva Svetlana , Blomgren Jenni , Böckerman Petri , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Leinonen Taina 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThe use of part-time sickness absence (pSA) enables return to part-time work from full sickness absence. However, subsequent labour market outcomes of pSA users depend on various individual and work-related characteristics. We investigated labour market paths of private and public sector employees after having a pSA spell. Moreover, we examined individual and work-related factors associated with following them.DesignLongitudinal register-based cohort study.SettingFinnish employed population.Participants9896 receivers of partial sickness allowance aged 45–56 in the years 2010–2014.OutcomeWe constructed labour market trajectories based on the proportion of time spent in various labour market statuses measured over 3 years after the end of the pSA spell using multiresponse trajectory analysis. We then examined how different individual and work-related factors were associated with assignment to the different trajectory groups using logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe majority of the pSA users followed paths where work participation was consistently elevated (Sustained Work group, 40.4%), or only slightly reduced (Slightly Reduced Work group, 31.6%). Moreover, more than 1/10th of the users followed a path where receiving partial work disability benefits became predominant (Partial Work Disability group, 12.5%). The rest followed paths where other non-employment (Other Non-Employed group, 7.8%) or full work disability (Full Work Disability group, 7.7%) became the prevailing status. Lower educational level and income predicted assignment to all other groups than the Sustained Work group. Additional predictors were identified, yet these differed between the trajectory groups.ConclusionsThe majority of the pSA users maintained a connection to working life, yet weaker working life paths were also identified. The paths were determined by various individual and work-related factors that can help health professionals and employers to better target support measures particularly towards individuals whose connection to working life is at risk to weaken after the use of pSA.
Differential clinical and CT imaging features of pneumonic-type primary pulmonary lymphoma and pneumonia: a retrospective multicentre observational study
Authors: Li Sha , Wang Li , Chang Na , Xu Tianqi , Jiao Bingxuan , Zhang Shuai , Wang Ximing 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionPneumonic-type primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is often misdiagnosed as pneumonia in clinical practice. However, this disease requires different treatments, which calls for a correct diagnosis.Materials and methodsA total of 227 patients with pneumonic-type PPL (n=72) and pneumonia (n=155) from 7 institutions were retrospectively enrolled between January 2017 and January 2022. Clinical features (age, sex, cough, sputum, fever, haemoptysis, chest pain, smoking, weight loss and laboratory results (haemoglobin, white blood cell count, C reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate)) and CT imaging characteristics (air bronchogram, bronchiectasis, halo sign, pleural traction, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, lesion maximum diameter and CT attenuation value) were analysed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for model construction based on independent predictors in identifying pneumonic-type PPL. In addition, we used a calibration curve and decision curve analysis to estimate the diagnostic efficiency of the model.ResultsThe patients with pneumonia showed a higher prevalence of sputum, fever, leucocytosis and elevation of C reactive protein level than those with pneumonic-type PPL (p=0.002, p<0.001, p=0.011 and p<0.001, respectively). Bronchiectasis, halo sign and higher CT attenuation value were more frequently present in pneumonic-type PPL than in pneumonia (all p<0.001). Pleural effusion was more commonly observed in patients with pneumonia than those with pneumonic-type PPL (p<0.001). Also, sputum, fever, elevation of C reactive protein level, halo sign, bronchiectasis, pleural effusion and CT attenuation value were the independent predictors of the presence of pneumonic-type PPL with an area under the curve value of 0.908 (95% CI, 0.863 to 0.942).ConclusionPneumonic-type PPL and pneumonia have different clinical and imaging features. These differential features could be beneficial in guiding early diagnosis and subsequent initiation of therapy.
Impact, scope of practice and competencies of Advanced Practice Nurses within APN-led models of care for young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbidity and/or complex chronic conditions in hospital settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Bales Gabriele , Hasemann Wolfgang , Kressig Reto W , Mayer Hanna 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionThe increase of young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbid and/or complex chronic conditions has created new challenges for healthcare systems and services. Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) play an essential role in treating these patients because of their expertise and advanced nursing skills. Little is known about competencies, scope of practice and impact of APNs within APN-led care models for young and middle-aged adult patients with multimorbidity and/or complex chronic conditions in hospital settings. The objective of this scoping review is to describe the impact, scope of practice and competencies of APNs within APN-led care models for young and middle-aged adult patients in hospital settings.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted using the methodological framework proffered by Arksey and O'Malley, incorporating the methodological enhancement of Levacet al. It will comply with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) for Scoping Reviews’ guidelines of Triccoet al. Systematic research will be conducted in the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), CENTRAL and PsycINFO (Ovid) using all recognised keywords, index terms and search strings. Grey literature will be scanned. Bibliography of all selected studies will be hand searched. Studies will be selected based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, screened by title and abstracts. Data from full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria will be extracted independently by two authors. Disagreements in evaluation will be discussed and resolved by consensus. Results will be reported in the form of descriptive tables. Narrative summery is used to present the results of the review in the context of the study’s objectives and questions.Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review does not require ethics approval. The review will be handed in as part of a doctoral thesis and published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number OSF4PM38.
Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: a systematic review
Authors: Vardavas Constantine , Zisis Konstantinos , Nikitara Katerina , Lagou Ioanna , Marou Valia , Aslanoglou Katerina , Athanasakis Konstantinos , Phalkey Revati , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Fernandez Esteve , Condell Orla , Lamb Favelle , Sandmann Frank , Pharris Anastasia , Deogan Charlotte , Suk Jonathan E 
Published: October 2023

ObjectivesThe economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role.DesignA systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021.Eligibility criteriaStudies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible.Data extraction and synthesisStudies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist.ResultsWe included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented.ConclusionsCOVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Reat the stage of the pandemic.
Results of the Stop the Spread Ottawa (SSO) cohort study: a Canadian urban-based prospective evaluation of antibody responses and neutralisation efficiency to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination
Authors: Keeshan Alexa , Galipeau Yannick , Heiskanen Aliisa , Collins Erin , McCluskie Pauline S , Arnold Corey , Saginur Raphael , Booth Ronald , Little Julian , McGuinty Michaeline , Buchan C Arianne , Crawley Anglea , Langlois Marc-Andre , Cooper Curtis 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundPredictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require elucidation.MethodsStop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This cohort was enriched for public-facing workers. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine.ResultsPost-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to the first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (IQR: 22–56), 66.6% women, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% had detectable IgG levels against the spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralisation were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common symptoms post dose 1 vaccine included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%) and body aches (25.3%). These symptoms were similar with subsequent doses.ConclusionThe initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients including those working in public facing environments.
Intimate partner violence and suicide mortality: a cross-sectional study using machine learning and natural language processing of suicide data from 43 states
Authors: Kafka Julie M , Moracco Kathryn Elizabeth , Pence Brian W , Trangenstein Pamela J , Fliss Mike Dolan , McNaughton Reyes Luz 
Published: October 2023

IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with suicidal ideation, yet it remains unclear how often IPV precipitates suicide mortality. To overcome limitations with national data, we applied novel methods to: (1) document the prevalence of IPV-related suicide in the USA and (2) identify correlates for IPV-related suicide.MethodsUsing National Violent Death Reporting System data (NVDRS, 2015–2019, n=1 30 550), we recorded IPV circumstances (yes/no) by leveraging prior textual reviews of death narratives and applying a validated natural language processing tool. We could not systematically differentiate IPV perpetration versus victimisation given limited details in NVDRS. Logistic regression compared IPV-related suicides with referent group suicides (no evidence of IPV), stratified by sex.Results7.1% of suicides were IPV related (n=9210), most were isolated suicide events (82.8%, n=7625; ie, not homicide suicide). There were higher odds of IPV circumstances when the decedent had civil legal problems (aOR for men: 3.6 (3.3 to 3.9), aOR for women: 2.6 (2.2 to 3.2)), criminal legal problems (aOR men: 2.3 (2.2 to 2.5), aOR for women: 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1)), or used a firearm (aOR men: 1.9 (1.8 to 2.0), aOR for women: 1.9 (1.7 to 2.1)). There were lower odds of IPV circumstances when the decedent had a current mental health problem (aOR men: 0.7 (0.7 to 0.8), aOR for women: 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8)).ConclusionsIPV circumstances contribute to a notable proportion of suicides. IPV-related suicides are distinct from other suicide deaths. Targeted suicide screening and intervention in IPV settings may be beneficial for prevention.
Cytosolic DNA accumulation promotes breast cancer immunogenicity via a STING-independent pathway
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dai Hui , Huo Lei , Burks Jared K , McGrail Daniel J , Lin Shiaw-Yih 
Published: October 2023

BackgroundImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, ICB alone has demonstrated only benefit in a small subset of patients with breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that agents targeting DNA damage response improve the efficacy of ICB and promote cytosolic DNA accumulation. However, recent clinical trials have shown that these agents are associated with hematological toxicities. More effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed.MethodsPrimary triple negative breast cancer tumors were stained for cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) using multiplex immunohistochemical staining. To increase cytosolic ssDNA, we genetically silenced TREX1. The role of tumor cytosolic ssDNA in promoting tumor immunogenicity and antitumor immune response was evaluated using murine breast cancer models.ResultsWe found the tumorous cytosolic ssDNA is associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in patients with triple negative breast cancer. TREX1 deficiency triggered a STING-independent innate immune response via DDX3X. Cytosolic ssDNA accumulation in tumors due to TREX1 deletion is sufficient to drastically improve the efficacy of ICB. We further identified a cytosolic ssDNA inducer CEP-701, which sensitized breast tumors to ICB without the toxicities associated with inhibiting DNA damage response.ConclusionsThis work demonstrated that cytosolic ssDNA accumulation promotes breast cancer immunogenicity and may be a novel therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of ICB with minimal toxicities.
Risk Factors for Single and Multiple Recurrences for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Open Choledochotomy in Treating Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Wu Yao , Zhang Ying , Jiang Xiao Meng , Xu Chen Jing , Wang Yan Yan , Gu Jin Yuan , Li Yi , Xu Shun Fu 
Published: October 2023

Background. There are few studies comparing recurrences between endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and open choledochotomy (OCT). Aims. To compare the effect of different surgical methods on single and multiple recurrences of choledocholithiasis. Methods. A total of 1255 patients with choledocholithiasis who underwent ERCP or OCT were retrospectively studied. The recurrence of choledocholithiasis was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method with the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses of recurrent choledocholithiasis were performed by introducing variables with

P
<
0.20

in univariate analysis into the logistic regression model. Results. A total of 204 (16.7%, 204/1225) patients relapsed. Among the 204 patients, 74.5% relapsed within three years after surgery, of whom 39.7% (81/204) had multiple relapses (≥ 2). The recurrence rate of ERCP (17.2%, 119/692) was higher than that of OCT (15.1%, 85/563), but the difference was not statistically significant. The independent risk factors for a single recurrence of choledocholithiasis were diabetes, stone

number
≥
2

, maximum stone

diameter
≥
15

mm

, sedentary occupation, the approach of ERCP (EST or EPBD), periampullary diverticulum, primary suture, high-fat diet (postoperative), frequency of weekly vegetable intake (< 4, postoperative), and drinking (postoperative). However, the ERCP approach (EST or EPBD), OCT approach (LCBDE), primary suture, high-fat diet (postoperative), and frequency of weekly vegetable intake (< 4, postoperative) were independent risk factors for multiple recurrences of choledocholithiasis. Conclusion. Patients with choledocholithiasis should be followed up regularly for one to three years after treatment. Stone number ≥ 2, diabetes mellitus, periampullary diverticulum, surgical methods, and lifestyle are all risk factors for the recurrence of choledocholithiasis. ERCP is still the preferred surgical method based on the advantages of low risk of cholangitis recurrence, less hospital stay, minimally invasive surgery, fewer postoperative complications, and easier acceptance by elderly patients. In addition to optimizing the treatment plans, postoperative lifestyle management is also vital.