bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle wasting
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Zhao Yanxia , Yan Wei 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSkeletal muscle wasting is a complicated metabolic syndrome accompanied by multiple diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic disorders and infectious conditions. The loss of muscle mass significantly impairs muscle function, resulting in poor quality of life and high mortality of associated diseases. The fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing muscle wasting have been well established, and those related pathways can be activated by a variety of extracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines and catabolic stimuli. As an emerging messenger of cell‐to‐cell communications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) also get involved in the progression of muscle wasting by transferring bioactive cargoes including various proteins and non‐coding RNAs to skeletal muscle. Like a double‐edged sword, EVs play either a pro‐wasting or anti‐wasting role in the progression of muscle wasting, highly dependent on their parental cells as well as the specific type of cargo they encapsulate. This review aims to illustrate the current knowledge about the biological function of EVs cargoes in skeletal muscle wasting. Additionally, the potential therapeutic implications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting are also discussed. Simultaneously, several outstanding questions are included to shed light on future research.
A radial‐flow device for the biopurification of a model VOC‐ and wood‐smoke‐ contaminated confined space
Authors: San Martin‐Davison Jessica , Scott Felipe , Vergara‐Ojeda Christian , Moreno‐Casas Patricio , Hort Cecile , Vergara‐Fernández Alberto 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIndoor air pollution is a growing problem worldwide that causes a series of health issues in the population. Effective devices for abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are currently restricted to adsorption systems based on active carbon. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operation of a new design of radial‐flow biopurifier using a model mixture of toluene, benzo(α)pyrene (BaP) and formaldehyde, initially inoculated with the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani and the bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis.RESULTSThe results show that, under the range of inlet load tested and under continuous operation, the biopurification system achieved removal efficiencies above 90%, translating into a purifier air refreshment capacity of 0.62, 2.5 and 0.8 h−1 for BaP, formaldehyde and toluene, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe system was operated for 8 months, without a decrease in the single‐pass removal efficiency, and withstood up to 15 days starvation periods with a marginal effect on its air refreshment capacity once the feeding of pollutants was restarted. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Biochemical signatures of disease severity in multiple sulfatase deficiency
Authors: Adang Laura A. , Mowafy Samar , Herbst Zackary M. , Zhou Zitao , Schlotawa Lars , Radhakrishnan Karthikeyan , Bentley Brenna , Pham Vi , Yu Emily , Pillai Nishitha R. , Orchard Paul J. , De Castro Mauricio , Vanderver Adeline , Pasquali Marzia , Gelb Michael H. , Ahrens‐Nicklas Rebecca C. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractSulfatases catalyze essential cellular reactions, including degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). All sulfatases are post‐translationally activated by the formylglycine generating enzyme (FGE) which is deficient in multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD), a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease. Historically, patients were presumed to be deficient of all sulfatase activities; however, a more nuanced relationship is emerging. Each sulfatase may differ in their degree of post‐translational modification by FGE, which may influence the phenotypic spectrum of MSD. Here, we evaluate if residual sulfatase activity and accumulating GAG patterns distinguish cases from controls and stratify clinical severity groups in MSD. We quantify sulfatase activities and GAG accumulation using three complementary methods in MSD participants. Sulfatases differed greatly in their tolerance of reduction in FGE‐mediated activation. Enzymes that degrade heparan sulfate (HS) demonstrated lower residual activities than those that act on other GAGs. Similarly, HS‐derived urinary GAG subspecies preferentially accumulated, distinguished cases from controls, and correlated with disease severity. Accumulation patterns of specific sulfatase substrates in MSD provide fundamental insights into sulfatase regulation and will serve as much‐needed biomakers for upcoming clinical trials. This work highlights that biomarker investigation of an ultra‐rare disease can simultaneously inform our understanding of fundamental biology and advance clinical trial readiness efforts.
Chemical characteristics and biological activity screening of Pistacia lentiscus mastic gum and leaves from Türkiye
Authors: Boke Sarikahya Nazli , Sumer Okkali Gaye , Coven Furkan Ozan , Isen Fulya , Goren Ahmet C. , Nalbantsoy Ayse 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMastic gum is a resin that is produced by Pistacia lentiscus. It has many traditional uses, dating from ancient times, such as the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and as a food additive. In this study, the leaves and mastic gum of trees of different ages from Karaburun and the Cesme peninsula in Türkiye were examined chemically and biologically. Flavonoids, and phenolic and fatty acid components were evaluated by a liquid chromatography system coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‐FID). Cytotoxicity was screened against several cancer and healthy cell lines using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition was determined on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) cells. Antiviral activity was measured against avian coronavirus using an in ovo virucidal antiviral activity assay.RESULTSThe main phenolic constituents of the gum were found to be salicylic, rosmarinic, and caffeic acids whereas the most abundant compounds detected were flavonoids in the leaf extracts. The most abundant fatty acids in hexane extracts were palmitic and oleic acids. All gum extracts except 3‐year‐old gum had significant cytotoxic activity on HeLa (IC50 1.74 ± 0.03–4.76 ± 0.95) and PC‐3 (0.64 ± 0.25–6.22 ± 1.40) cells. Moreover, reducing virus activity by fivefold or sixfold logarithmically between the range of 5–10 μg g−1 of 30‐year‐old gum extracts underscored the biological activity.CONCLUSIONIn ovo antiviral activity studies on the P. lentiscus were conducted for the first time. The mastic gum and leaves obtained from P. lentiscus may have strong potential in terms of their chemical content and antiviral and cytotoxic activity. As a consequence of these properties, it is a sustainable, renewable natural resource that can be used as an additive and flavoring in the food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Highly accelerated multi‐shot intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion‐weighted imaging in brain enabled by parametric POCS‐based multiplexed sensitivity encoding
Authors: Chen Shihui , Chu Mei‐Lan , Liang Liyuan , Liu Yi‐Jui , Chen Nan‐Kuei , Wang He , Juan Chun‐Jung , Chang Hing‐Chiu 
Published: October 2023

AbstractRecently, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has also been demonstrated as an imaging tool for applications in neurological and neurovascular diseases. However, the use of single‐shot diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging for IVIM DWI acquisition leads to suboptimal data quality: for instance, geometric distortion and deteriorated image quality at high spatial resolution. Although the recently commercialized multi‐shot acquisition methods, such as multiplexed sensitivity encoding (MUSE), can attain high‐resolution and high‐quality DWI with signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) performance superior to that of the conventional parallel imaging method, the prolonged scan time associated with multi‐shot acquisition is impractical for routine IVIM DWI. This study proposes an acquisition and reconstruction framework based on parametric‐POCSMUSE to accelerate the four‐shot IVIM DWI with 70% reduction of total scan time (13 min 8 s versus 4 min 8 s). First, the four‐shot IVIM DWI scan with 17 b values was accelerated by acquiring only one segment per b value except for b values of 0 and 600 s/mm2. Second, an IVIM‐estimation scheme was integrated into the parametric‐POCSMUSE to enable joint reconstruction of multi‐b images from under‐sampled four‐shot IVIM DWI data. In vivo experiments on both healthy subjects and patients show that the proposed framework successfully produced multi‐b DW images with significantly higher SNRs and lower reconstruction errors than did the conventional acceleration method based on parallel imaging. In addition, the IVIM quantitative maps estimated from the data produced by the proposed framework showed quality comparable to that of fully sampled MUSE‐reconstructed images, suggesting that the proposed framework can enable highly accelerated multi‐shot IVIM DWI without sacrificing data quality. In summary, the proposed framework can make multi‐shot IVIM DWI feasible in a routine MRI examination, with reasonable scan time and improved geometric fidelity.
Fully reliable iteration method based on simplification of the original operator
Authors: Samrowski Tatiana S. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractWe consider an iteration method for solving the problem with a complicated positive definite operator A by means of a simpler operator A0 (which inversion is much cheaper than inversion of A). The difference between A and A0 is controlled by some parameter. We prove contraction of the iteration operator and deduce fully computable two– sided a posteriori estimates.
Enhancement of Bifunctional Catalytic Performance of G‐C3N4@ Ag Composite by NaBH4 Etching
Authors: Tang Yue‐Feng , Zhao Meng‐Yun , Han Guo‐Zhi 
Published: October 2023

AbstractHerein, a novel composite of g‐C3N4 and silver nanoparticles(g‐C3N4@Ag) with enhanced bifunctional catalytic activity through chemical etching is reported. A kind of g‐C3N4@Ag composite by one‐pot route, then treated the product with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution for a certain time is first synthesized. The property and morphology of the g‐C3N4@Ag composite changed greatly after the treatment. Compared with the pristine g‐C3N4@Ag composite, the NaBH4‐etching endowed g‐C3N4@Ag composite (RACN) with smoother two‐dimensional plane structure, as well as an extension of the conjugate system which originating from the stronger chemical connection between the Ag nanoparticles and g‐C3N4. Furthermore, research results indicated that the RACN showed superior broad‐spectrum catalytic performance for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds, and the catalytic efficiency of the RACN is enhanced dozens of times by the treatment. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the RACN is also greatly improved. This discovery provides an efficient and facile method toward the enhancement of catalytic activity of semiconductor and metal nanoparticle composites by chemical etching.
International student mobility options following Brexit: An analysis of the genesis of Britain's Turing Scheme
Authors: Fox Odhran , Beech Suzanne E. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the interplay between geopolitical goals, governance and International Student Mobility (henceforth ISM). It explores how the United Kingdom's newly envisaged domestic credit‐mobility programme (the Turing Scheme) is reshaping the spatiality of their outward student mobility flows to bolster a global sense of internationalisation through ISM. During its emergence, the Turing Scheme was often positioned as an antithesis to the pre‐established Erasmus+ Scheme which had a strong focus on European integration, instead it focused on promoting a ‘Global Britain’ narrative. This paper conducts a content analysis of Hansard (transcripts of debates in the U.K.'s Houses of Parliament), to reflect on ISM decision‐making, debating the choices made and unmade regarding the development of the Turing Scheme. This research illuminated multiple issues, adding to the debate about the importance of ISM for geopolitical purposes, and how these can underpin credit‐mobility schemes, and shape these during periods of large‐scale geopolitical change.
Modulation of tropical cyclone rapid intensification by mesoscale asymmetries
Authors: Nolan David S. , Nebylitsa Samantha , McNoldy Brian D. , Majumdar Sharanya J. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractComputer model simulations are one of the most important tools in current use for understanding tropical cyclone (TC) formation and rapid intensification (RI). These include “idealized” simulations in which a TC‐like vortex is placed in a hypothetical environment with predefined sea surface temperature and vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and wind that are either constant or slowly varying across a large domain. The vast majority of such simulations begin with a perfectly circular vortex as the precursor to a TC. However, most real TCs form or intensify while interacting with asymmetric wind fields either within or external to the vortex circulation. This study introduces a method to initialize idealized TC simulations with asymmetries, and investigates the extent to which such asymmetries might delay RI in favorable environments. It is shown that mesoscale asymmetries can delay RI and reduce the fastest rates of intensification, and that these effects are statistically significantly increased when relatively low values of vertical shear of the horizontal wind are present. In some cases the asymmetries tilt the vortex directly through advection. In other cases, the wind asymmetries increase the disorganization of the convection or increase the size of the inner‐core wind field, and thus make the weaker TC more susceptible to environmental wind shear. The results suggest that mesoscale asymmetries of the wind field could be useful predictors for delay of RI in otherwise favorable environments.
Virtual qualification using digital twin for product development: A case study on liquid crystal display
Authors: Choi Jung Hee , Ahn Dong Geun , Yoo Jae Min , Jang Joong Soon , Lee Kun Young 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA virtual qualification (VQ) model is proposed using a digital twin not only for verifying electrical properties of a liquid crystal display (LCD) but also for assessing the effect of environmental stresses. The digital twin is developed to reflect product specifications and distributions of manufacturing process data. The VQ model utilizes the digital twin to infer and verify the changes in electrical characteristic values in the internal circuit under a high‐temperature operating test. Additionally, a procedure is proposed for developing digital twins, and its effectiveness is demonstrated based on a case study of an LCD. The developed digital twin may also be used for similar LCD models for design verification.
Environmental policy vs. Environmental innovation: An examination of policies disclosure on sustainable development from stakeholder theory perspective
Authors: Waheed Abdul , Shahid Khan Muhammad , Warraich Muhammad Akib , Ali Mehwish Asghar 
Published: October 2023

AbstractStudying environmental policy (EnP) and environmental innovation (EnI) is a crucial domain for addressing global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, and pollution. It equips the corporates with the knowledge and tools to develop effective strategies, regulations, and technological advancements that can mitigate environmental impact and promote sustainable practices for the benefit of current and future generations. This study attempts to uncover the influence of both EnP and EnI toward sustainable development (SD) within three dimensions, that is, social aspect, economic aspect, and environmental aspect from Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs). A total of 723 documents were considered for data analysis using the SEM method and SmartPLS tool. The outcomes of the study are found interesting and fruitful where firstly a positive connection between EnP and SD was affirmed within Chinese MNEs. Second, the study found a positive nexus between EnI and SD, respectively. The findings highlight the insights by demonstrating EnP and EnI can help attain ultimate output and can strengthen SD of the Chinese MNEs. Additionally, this study offers several thought‐provoking and useful managerial recommendations as well as implications for both theoretical and managerial issues. Moreover, some possible opportunities are reported for future researchers by assuming the current flaws to carry out more research both within the Chinese market and rest of the regions, worldwide.
Artificial molecular machines: Design and observation
Authors: Zhang Shu , An Yi , Chen Xu‐man , Li Quan 
Published: October 2023

AbstractNatural molecular machines have inspired the development of artificial molecular machines, which have the potential to revolutionize several areas of technology. Artificial molecular machines commonly employ molecular switches, molecular motors, and molecular shuttles as fundamental building blocks. The observation of artificial molecular machines constructed by these building blocks can be highly challenging due to their small sizes and intricate behaviors. The use of modern instrumentation and advanced observational techniques plays a crucial role in the observation and characterization of molecular machines. Furthermore, a well‐designed molecular structure is also a critical factor in making molecular machines more observable. This review summarizes the common methods from diverse perspectives used to observe molecular machines and emphasizes the significance of comprehending their behaviors in the design of superior artificial molecular machines.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Sandwichfassaden als Grundlage für deren Erdbebenauslegung
Authors: Bittner Lara , Hoffmeister Benno , Kuhnhenne Markus 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIm Rahmen eines laufenden Forschungsprojekts wurde die Performance von Fassadenelementen in Metallleichtbauweise bei Erdbebenbelastung in der Ebene experimentell untersucht, um das zyklische Verhalten, das Dissipationsvermögen und die Funktionsfähigkeit bei seismischen Ereignissen zu beurteilen. Wie Voruntersuchungen zeigten, tragen Wand‐ und Dachelemente aus Metall zur Aussteifung des Gesamttragwerks bei, und damit zur Änderung der Eigenperiode im Vergleich zur Primärtragstruktur, was zu einer Erhöhung der anzusetzenden Erdbebenlasten nach dem Antwortspektrumverfahren führen kann. Davon ausgehend lässt sich ein neuer, verhaltensbasierter Ansatz mit Berücksichtigung des Beitrags der Gebäudehüllen in Metallleichtbauweise entwickeln, mit dem die verbesserte Widerstandsfähigkeit der Bauwerke und die Auswirkung eines Schadenserdbebens auf die Funktionsfähigkeit der Fassade bestimmt werden können. Dieser Aufsatz beinhaltet: (i) einen kurzen Stand der Technik, (ii) eine Vorstellung des Forschungsprojekts, (iii) das Versuchsprogramm, (iv) den detaillierten Versuchsaufbau, (v) die Systemantwort unter monotoner und zyklischer Beanspruchung, (vi) die wichtigsten Ergebnisse, (vii) einen Überblick über die numerischen Untersuchungen sowie laufende und zukünftige Forschungsaktivitäten.
Preparation, Biological Activities, and Application of Plant Polysaccharide Iron Complexes: A Review
Authors: Dai Shasha , Hao Zitong , Gao Yuchao , Sang Yumei , Liu Zechao , Xue Hongkun 
Published: October 2023

AbstractIron is an essential trace element in the human body. Iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and induce various diseases. Hence, it is urgent to find an iron supplement with minimal side effects and good iron supplementation effect. Natural polysaccharides from plants have various biological activities such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, etc. Increasing research has shown that polysaccharides modified with iron can enhance their biological activities. Among them, polysaccharide iron complex (PIC) has significant anti‐anemia activity. With the powerfully development of PIC, increasing research has found that PIC showed some advantages, including good water solubility, high bioavailability, low gastrointestinal irritation, and high iron content. Therefore, PIC has received widespread attention. Currently, PIC is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and clinical treatment. However, there are limited reports on the preparation, biological activities, and applications of PIC. This paper systematically reviews the preparation methods, iron content determination methods, biological activities, and applications of PIC. The results provide important references for the deep development and utilization of PIC.
Necrotising myositis caused by Clostridium clostridioforme and Clostridium difficile in an alpaca following grain overload
Authors: Po Eleonora , Sawran Ami , Ward Rob , Haverson Victoria Ann , Baptista Andre' 
Published: October 2023

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, female alpaca developed necrotising myositis caused by Clostridium difficile and Clostridium clostridioforme, a clostridia spp. previously unknown to affect camelids, shortly after an event of grain overload. The affected leg was amputated due to the aggressive necrosis. This case reports an interesting sequelae of grain overload in camelids, as well as highlights the presence of bacteria not previously known to be pathogenic in camelids and that may need to be further considered in the list of pathogens of South American camelids.
Improving analgesia provision for sheep: An analysis of farm medicine records and attitudes towards pain relief on sheep farms in Northern Ireland
Authors: Crawford Paul E. , Hamer Kim , Lovatt Fiona , Behnke Malgorzata C. , Robinson Philip A. 
Published: October 2023

AbstractBackgroundManagement of pain is critical to improve the welfare of farmed livestock and meet consumer expectations. There is limited published information about the use of analgesic drugs in the sheep sector.MethodsA mixed‐method approach was followed. The range of analgesic drugs used on 52 Northern Irish sheep farms was determined through analysis of medicine purchase records. Through interview and discussion groups, with both farmer and veterinarian participants, attitudes towards the use and adoption of such medicines were explored.ResultsThe use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was widespread and highly variable. One‐third of farmers in the sample did not purchase any NSAID. Meloxicam was the most commonly purchased NSAID by mass (72%) and standardised dose (73%). During interviews and discussions, farmers outlined the benefits they saw in using NSAIDs and how veterinarians influenced their uptake of these medicines. Use of corticosteroid was evidenced on 50% of the farms that supplied medicine records for analysis.ConclusionsVeterinarians can influence farmers to adopt NSAIDs for the provision of analgesia in their sheep and farmers observed the benefits they delivered. However, many farmers are still to be reached with this message, perhaps due to being largely self‐sufficient and rarely engaging with veterinarians. Veterinarians have the opportunity to challenge farmers about the provision of analgesia, especially when farmers seek antibiotics for painful conditions such as lameness. Currently, the lack of an authorised product in the UK, with associated treatment guidance and industry promotion, may limit veterinarians’ confidence in prescribing drugs for pain control in sheep.