bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticoagulation during extracorporeal circulation under conditions of an ongoing systemic inflammatory response syndrome: effects of heparin
Authors: Feindt Peter , Litmathe Jens , Boeken Udo , Gams Emmeran 
Published: February 2005

Objective: Open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) causes changes in haemostasis. Artificial surfaces are bioincompatible and, thus, may initiate a reaction similar to an acute inflammation. In some patients, this ‘postperfusion syndrome’ (PPS), which includes changes in haemostasis, is the beginning of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). However, it is not clear whether the changes in coagulation represent a consequence or a main cause of the inflammatory reaction. Thus, the aim of our study was to investigate the cascade of coagulation and the effects of heparin under special circumstances of an ongoing SIRS. Methods: In a prospective evaluation using standardized operative procedures with CPB, we compared Group A (control group with normal postoperative course, n=20) with Group B (patients with postoperative SIRS, n=12). At six time points beginning before and ending two days after surgery, we measured platelet counts, leucocyte counts and plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor XII and antithrombin III (ATIII), in addition to standard coagulation tests (PTT, TT and ACT). Furthermore, we determined parameters of inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, PCT, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha. Results: In Group B (SIRS), we found a reduced anticoagulation during CPB with significantly lower values for PTT (60±versus 160±11 s), ACT (270±33 versus 532±44 s) TT (40±3 versus 150±15 s) compared to the control Group A. Simultaneously, we found a significant increase of factor XII in the SIRS group (191±16 versus 10±2%). There were no significant differences concerning the preoperative ATIII levels and the intraoperative dosage of heparin; the intraoperative decrease of fibrinogen, ATIII and platelets was comparable in both groups. Furthermore, we could see that significant changes of inflammatory parameters in the SIRS group (increasing levels of TNF-α, Il-6, IL-8 and IL-10) occurred at least 30 min after the observed reduction of anticoagulatory effect. Conclusions: With our results, it could be demonstrated that the development of inflammatory complications after CPB is correlated to a significantly reduced intraoperative effect of heparin. As this reduction of anticoagulation significantly preceded the changes of inflammatory parameters in SIRS patients, we think that a hypercoagulatory state, especially in cases of ongoing inflammation, is an additional trigger of SIRS.
The intraoperative effect of pentoxifylline on the inflammatory process and leukocytes in cardiac surgery patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Çağlı Kerim , Ulaş Mahmut Mustafa , Özişik Kanat , Kale Arzum , Bakuy Vedat , Emir Mustafa , Balcı Mustafa , Topbaş Murat , Şener Erol , Taşdemir Og'uz 
Published: February 2005

Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of organ dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether pentoxifylline (PTX) has effects on the inflammatory process and leukocytes in cardiac surgery patients undergoing CPB. Material and methods: A double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to assess the effect of PTX on leukocyte counts, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in 60 patients undergoing CPB for elective coronary artery bypass grafting. In 30 patients, 200 mg of PTX was added to 500 mL NaCl and perfused for 180 min after induction of anaesthesia and also 100 mg of PTX was added to the warm cardioplegic solution; another 30 patients received saline solution as placebo. Results: All measurements were performed before PTX infusion (T0), after induction of anaesthesia (T1), 30 min after weaning from CPB (T2), and 6 hours (T3) and 24 hours postoperatively (T4). PTX did not change the percentage of eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or lymphocytes, or CRP levels. In the control group, however, total leukocyte count and IL-6 level at T3 and T4 period were significantly higher than the study group. The progressive increment in TNF-α level observed at each period was also significantly prominent in the control group. Conclusion: CPB-related whole body inflammatory response could be partially inhibited by intraoperative PTX administration. This effect of PTX would be helpful in preventing the well-known complications of CPB-induced systemic inflammation.
Proteasome inhibition activates the transport and the ectodomain shedding of TNF-α receptors in human endothelial cells
Authors: Peiretti Franck , Canault Matthias , Bernot Denis , Bonardo Bernadette , Deprez-Beauclair Paule , Juhan-Vague Irène , Nalbone Gilles 
Published: February 2005

Binding of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to its transmembrane receptors (TNFRs) mediates proinflammatory, apoptotic and survival responses in several cell types including vascular endothelial cells. Because ectodomain shedding of cell surface molecules can be modified by proteasome activity, we studied in human endothelial cells whether the TNF-α–TNFRs axis can be regulated by the cleavage of their transmembrane forms in a proteasome-dependent manner. We show that proteasome inhibition increases the release of TNF-α and TNFRs from human endothelial cells and decreases their cellular and cell surface expression. This phenomenon involves the transient activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/p44 that triggers the dispersion of TNF-α and TNFRs from their intracellular Golgi-complex-associated pool towards the plasma membrane. This results in their enhanced cleavage by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) because it is reduced by synthetic metalloprotease inhibitors, recombinant TIMP-3 and by a dominant negative form of TACE. In the presence of TACE inhibitor, proteasome inhibition increases the cell surface expression of TNFRs and enhances the sensitivity of these cells to the proapoptotic effect of recombinant TNF-α.In conclusion, our data provide evidence that proteasome inhibitors increase TACE-dependent TNFR-shedding in endothelial cells, supporting the use of these molecules in inflammatory disorders. In association with TACE inhibitor, proteasome inhibitors increase the amount of TNFRs at the cell surface and enhance the sensitivity to the proapoptotic effect of TNF-α, which might be of interest in the antitumor therapy.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Villeneuve Eric , Sunderji Rubina 
Published: February 2005

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) are effective and safe as adjunctive therapy for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–June 2004), EMBASE (1980–June 2004), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–June 2004) were searched, in addition to a manual bibliographic search. DATA SYNTHESIS: Even though GPIs have an established role as adjunctive therapy in PCI, little is known about their use in patients with ESRD. We found 3 reports describing experience with abciximab in this population. Based on the limited information from registries and a retrospective chart review, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the utility of GPIs in ESRD. The decision to use abciximab in this population must be made on an individual case basis. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are needed to evaluate the benefit versus risk of GPI therapy in ESRD.
Study of the oxygen effect on mechanical pulp lignin using an improved lignin isolation method
Authors: Marlin Nathalie , Lachenal Dominique , Magnin Laurence , Brochier-Salon Marie-Christine 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Lignins from kraft and mechanical pulps were isolated before and after oxygen treatment with conventional methods (acidolysis and enzymatic isolation) and with a novel two-step method combining an enzymatic treatment and acidolysis. Results showed that the combined enzymatic hydrolysis-acidolysis made it possible to extract lignin from pulp with a better yield than acidolysis alone and with a higher degree of purity than after enzymatic hydrolysis alone. The lignin samples isolated with the two-step method were analysed by 13C NMR, 19F NMR and by gel permeation chromatography. It was shown that the behaviour of mechanical pulp lignin during oxygen treatment was different from that of kraft pulp lignin. Most of these differences could be explained by the lower phenolic content and larger molecular size of the mechanical pulp lignin. As a consequence, oxygen had a poor delignifying effect. Finally, 19F NMR spectroscopy showed that oxygen could destroy some quinones induced by the alkaline conditions of the O stage.
Dislocations in Norway spruce fibres and their effect on properties of pulp and paper
Authors: Terziev Nasko , Daniel Geoffrey , Marklund Ann 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Wood “cell-wall deformation” is a comprehensive term describing any physical dislocation in the wall caused by mechanical forces. The development and effect of fibre dislocations on wood fibres, and their ultimate impact on the mechanical properties of paper remain rather obscure and controversial. Dislocations are difficult to quantify through a lack of defined measurable features, and research is aggravated by the inherent difficulties of applying statistical tools. A direct approach for studying the effect of dislocations on the mechanical properties of paper was used in this study. Dislocations in fibre cell walls were introduced by exposing whole wood fibres in mature and juvenile wood samples to compression stress. Sapwood samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) were loaded by compression to their ultimate strength using an Alwetron-50 universal testing machine. Failure of samples conditioned to a moisture content of 9–15% always occurred in an oblique (relative to the fibre axis) plane and all fibres in the plane were deformed. When samples were loaded in a wet condition (i.e., moisture content close to the fibre saturation point), failure occurred at one end of the samples, resulting in highly disorganised fibres. Pulp and paper from the compressed fibres were produced and the mechanical properties of the paper were tested. Results of the mechanical tests were compared statistically to results derived from paper made from matched non-compressed control samples. Morphological features of fibres and dislocations after compression failure were characterised using microscopy (scanning electron microscopy, polarised light) on the whole wood and macerated fibres before and after paper testing. The above experimental approach showed that paper made from control samples had significantly better mechanical properties than paper made from samples loaded by compression under dry or wet conditions. At a tensile index of 90 N m/g, the tear index was measured as 23.6 mN m2/g for controls, while the corresponding values for compressed wet wood samples was 12.6 and 16.3 mN m2/g for samples at 9–15% moisture content. Paper made from juvenile wood also showed lower mechanical properties compared to controls. The results prove the negative effect of dislocations on the mechanical properties of paper in the worst case scenario and are of practical importance.
Detection of failures of adhesively bonded joints using the acoustic emission method
Authors: Gozdecki Cezary , Smardzewski Jerzy 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Wooden glued constructions require touch-free monitoring of destructive processes, especially in adhesive bonds that are most exposed to failure. The objective of the investigations was to describe failure processes in the adhesive bond of wood joints, in particular to determine their initiation, propagation, and destruction. The acoustic emission (AE) method was employed as the carrier of information about changes occurring in glued joints, whereas the numerical method was applied to determine values of distribution of tangential stresses generated in adhesive bonds. The acoustic phenomena examined were described using the AE cumulative counts. The authors analysed acoustic signals generated in loaded wooden and plastic overlap samples glued together using polyethyl methacrylate glue as well as in solid samples. On the basis of the acoustic emissions obtained, it was possible to establish characteristic places and stages of escalating structural defects generated from bonds of adhesive joints. This was utilised later on, in conjunction with results of numerical calculations, to determine correlations occurring between the AE cumulative counts and generated tangential stresses. Dependencies established in this way were used to determine characteristic points during the propagation of destructive phenomena of wood adhesive joints. The results obtained proved that it was possible to predict the development of the destruction of wood adhesive joints on the basis of observations of the increasing AE cumulative counts of acoustic signals in combination with tangential stresses determined using the finite elements method.
Thermochemistry of selected trivalent lanthanide and americium compounds: orthorhombic and hexagonal hydroxycarbonates
Authors: Rorif Fabian , Fuger Jean , Desreux Jean F. 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
The molar enthalpies of dissolution of a number of well-characterized hexagonal hydroxycarbonates Ln(OH)CO3(hex) (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Eu) in 6.00 mol dm-3 HCl were measured at 298.15 K. A new sealed solution micro-calorimeter was developed for this purpose. It was made of an 18-carat gold alloy in order to improve the performances of a calorimeter previously built in our laboratory. The following standard molar enthalpies of formation, Δf
H°m [Ln(OH)CO3, hex], in kJ mol-1, were calculated: -(1627.8±1.6), -(1614.8±1.9), -(1613.4±1.6), and -(1523.0±3.0), for the La, Nd, Sm, and Eu compounds, respectively. These results allowed an extrapolation to Δf
H°m [Eu(OH)CO3·0.5H2O, orth]=-(1653.4±3.6)kJ mol-1 and to Δf
H°m [Am(OH)CO3, hex]=-(1552.5±3.3)kJ mol-1. Using auxiliary data and estimated entropies, the solubility products of the hexagonal hydroxycarbonates were calculated. They are compared here with values deduced from solubility and calorimetric measurements for the corresponding orthorhombic hydroxycarbonates. Our approach generally leads to values similar to those deduced from solubility studies. The orthorhombic form is found to be metastable with respect to the hexagonal form.
Comparison of techniques for measuring ion exchange selectivities in zeolites
Authors: Kuronen Markku , Harjula Risto , Lehto Jukka 
Published: February 2005

Abstract
Two methods for measuring the selectivities of ion exchange reactions in zeolites were compared. Three zeolites (NaA, mordenite and ZSM-5) of differing ion exchange capacity were studied for uni-univalent (Rb+/Na+) and for uni-divalent (Sr2+/2Na+) exchanges. The first method involved rigorous chemical analysis of exchanged ions (Na+ and Rb+ or Na+ and Sr2+) in the solid and solution phases at equilibrium. The second method was based on the use of 86Rb and 85Sr tracers, which were measured in the solution phase after equilibrium, and the remaining concentrations were calculated by difference. The corrected selectivity coefficient (K
G
A/B) was calculated from the equilibrium data. Both methods gave reasonable accuracy (10–15%) when the metal loading in the zeolite was low to medium. The radioactive tracer method, however, resulted errors larger than 100% at high metal ion loading (>80%).
The Comparative Efficacy of Stabilized Stannous Fluoride/Sodium Hexametaphosphate Dentifrice and Sodium Fluoride/Triclosan/Copolymer Dentifrice for the Control of Gingivitis: A 6‐Month Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Archila Luis , Bartizek Robert D. , Winston J. Leslie , Biesbrock Aaron R. , McClanahan Stephen F. , He Tao 
Published: February 2005

Background: Antimicrobial agents such as stannous fluoride and triclosan have been incorporated into dentifrice formulations and have been shown to be effective in reducing gingivitis. The objective of this study was to compare the anti‐gingivitis efficacy of a 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice to a positive control triclosan/copolymer dentifrice.Methods: This was a 6‐month, randomized, double‐masked, parallel‐group study conducted according to the American Dental Association guidelines for evaluating chemotherapeutic products for the control of gingivitis. A 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice was tested against a commercially available positive control dentifrice (0.30% triclosan/2.0% Gantrez copolymer). Following baseline measurements, subjects received a dental prophylaxis. Subjects were then instructed to brush twice daily for 60 seconds using their assigned product. Tooth brushing was supervised for 3 days of each week. Clinical examinations using a gingival index were performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months.Results: A total of 199 subjects were enrolled and 186 completed the 6‐month study. Average baseline gingivitis and bleeding scores were similar for the two treatment groups. After 6 months, the experimental group had statistically significantly less gingivitis (25.8%) and statistically significantly less bleeding (27.4%) on average compared to the control group. Neither adverse oral soft tissue effects nor tooth staining were reported.Conclusion: Within the limits of the study protocol, the results demonstrated superior therapeutic benefits for the stabilized 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate dentifrice in reducing gingivitis compared to the triclosan/copolymer control in this partially supervised study. J Periodontol 2004;75:1592‐1599.
Malformations of the axial skeleton in Museum Vrolik I: Homeotic transformations and numerical anomalies
Authors: Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Hennekam Raoul C.M. , de Rooij Laurens , Moorman Antoon F.M. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractThe Museum Vrolik collection of anatomical specimens in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, comprises over 5,000 specimens of human and animal anatomy, embryology, pathology, and congenital anomalies. Recently, we rediagnosed a subset of the collection comprising dried human trunk skeletons and cranial base preparations presenting with homeotic transformations (vertebral phenotypic shifts) and numerical vertebral anomalies. We identified 11 trunk skeletons with either anterior or posterior homeotic transformations (AHT or PHT), 5 trunk skeletons with either less or more than the normal number of vertebrae, and well over a hundred cranial base preparations with either AHT (atlas‐assimilation) or PHT (occipital vertebra). We found that, although homeotic transformations and numerical anomalies are distinct conditions, both can be described in terms of mismatch between homeotic patterning and morphological segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm. Therefore these two processes are perhaps not as tightly linked as they may seem on the basis of recent molecular studies. In homeotic transformations there is a constant mismatch between homeotic patterning and morphological segmentation throughout the affected region of the vertebral column. In numerical anomalies there is a variable mismatch between homeotic patterning and morphological segmentation, either because of stretching or squeezing of the homeotic pattern or because of oligo‐ or polysegmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Homeotic transformations of the axial skeleton have an incidence of about 1%–5%, apart from their occurrence in malformation syndromes. Of the various etiological possibilities, explaining their frequent but mostly sporadic occurrence, maternal hyperthermia seems an attractive candidate. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective gene therapy for an inherited CNS disease in a large animal model
Authors: Vite Charles H. , McGowan Joseph C. , Niogi Sumit N. , Passini Marco A. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Haskins Mark E. , Wolfe John H. 
Published: February 2005

AbstractGenetic diseases affecting the brain typically have widespread lesions that require global correction. Lysosomal storage diseases are good candidates for central nervous system gene therapy, because active enzyme from genetically corrected cells can be secreted and taken up by surrounding diseased cells, and only small amounts of enzyme (<5% of normal) are required to reverse storage lesions. Injection of gene transfer vectors into multiple sites in the mouse brain has been shown to mediate widespread reversal of storage lesions in several disease models. To study a brain closer in size to the human brain, we evaluated the extent of storage correction mediated by a limited number of adeno‐associated virus vector injections in the cat model of human α‐mannosidosis. The treated cats showed remarkable improvements in clinical neurological signs and in brain myelination assessed by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. Postmortem examination showed that storage lesions were greatly reduced throughout the brain, even though gene transfer was limited to the areas surrounding the injection tracks. The data demonstrate that widespread improvement of neuropathology in a large mammalian brain can be achieved using multiple injection sites during one operation and suggest that this could be an effective treatment for the central nervous system component of human lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. Ann Neurol 2005;57:355–364
Phenotypes of the N88S Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 mutation
Authors: Auer‐Grumbach Michaela , Schlotter‐Weigel Beate , Lochmüller Hanns , Strobl‐Wildemann Gertrud , Auer‐Grumbach Piet , Fischer Renate , Offenbacher Hans , Zwick Ernst Bernhard , Robl Tanja , Hartl Gerald , Hartung Hans‐Peter , Wagner Klaus , Windpassinger Christian ,   the Austrian Peripheral Neuropathy Study Group
Published: February 2005

AbstractRecently, two missense mutations (N88S, S90L) in the Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy gene have been identified in autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuropathy and Silver syndrome. We report the phenotypic consequences of the N88S mutation in 90 patients of 1 large Austrian family and two unrelated German families. Variation in the clinical and electrophysiological phenotype enabled us to distinguish six subtypes. In 4.4%, the disorder was not penetrant. Twenty percent of the patients were subclinically affected; some of these patients could only be detected by pathological nerve conduction studies. A distal hereditary motor neuropathy type V phenotype characterized by predominant hand muscle involvement was found in 31.1%, whereas 14.5% showed typical Silver syndrome with amyotrophy of the small hand muscles and spasticity of the lower extremities. Moreover, the phenotype present in 20% was compatible with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. In 10%, the clinical diagnosis of pure or complicated hereditary spastic paraparesis was made. Electrophysiological studies showed an axonal neuropathy but also chronodispersion of compound motor action potentials and conduction blocks. Sensory nerve conduction studies were rarely pathological. Our study indicates that the dominant N88S mutation in the Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy gene 2 leads to a broad spectrum of motor neuron disorders. Ann Neurol 2005;57:415–424