bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
300 Primeone Sire Comparison on Jersey Dairy Cows
Authors: Belt Kara , Lawrence Ty E , Tennant Travis C , Lucherk Loni W , Lust David G , Richardson Katylyn J , Perkins Tommy L 
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to compare carcass grading outcomes of progeny from a sire derived via carcass cloning to progeny from a competitive traditional purebred Angus sire. Semen was artificially inseminated into Jersey cows from an F1 sire (AxG1) derived from Prime-yield grade 1 carcass clones and a high-performance purebred Angus sire (Foundation). Calves were born at the dairy, raised in hutches on the dairy, and grown in a separate facility, all in the Texas panhandle. Cattle were later transported to Nebraska for finishing. Both steers and heifers were harvested at a commercial beef processor in Colorado and camera data were collected to assess carcass quality and yield outcomes. Data were analyzed using mixed models; treatment comparisons were tested for significance with α = 0.05.

Results
In live growth, calves sired by Foundation were heavier (P &lt; 0.01) both when they entered (396.1 vs 383.0 kg) and exited (590.1 vs 568.8 kg) the feedyard. Similarly, calves sired by Foundation had heavier (P &lt; 0.01) hot carcass weights than AxG1 (374.9 vs 361.4 kg). No difference (P ≥ 0.27) was detected between sires for longissimus muscle area (96.6 vs 95.7 cm2) or marbling score (Moderate26 vs Moderate20). AxG1 sired calves had greater (P &lt; 0.01) muscle area per unit of carcass weight (26.7 vs 25.9 cm2/100kg). Calves sired by AxG1 were leaner (P &lt; 0.01) than those sired by Foundation as evidenced by less 12th rib s.c. fat (1.11 vs 1.26 cm) coupled with decreased calculated yield grades (2.34 vs 2.59). Moreover, calculated Empty Body Fat was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for Foundation sired carcasses than those sired by AxG1 (30.0 vs 28.9 %). Foundation sired calves were represented by a greater (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of USDA Prime carcasses (26.32 vs 17.79 %) whereas AxG1 sired calves had a greater (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of USDA Choice carcasses (77.74 vs 69.48 %). AxG1 sired calves were represented by a greater (P = 0.04) percentage of Yield Grade 1 carcasses (27.48 vs 19.25 %). No difference in frequency of Yield Grade 2 (55.40 vs 58.00 %) or 4 (1.41 vs 1.0 %) carcasses was observed between sires. Frequency of Yield Grade 3 carcasses was greater (P &lt; 0.01) for Foundation compared with AxG1 (23.94 vs 13.58 %). Carcass outcomes suggest that progeny sired by Foundation were of slightly higher quality whereas progeny sired by AxG1 were of slightly higher yield.
355 Effects of Processing Method of Hybrid Rye for Cattle Backgrounding Diets
Authors: Tobin Colin T , Carlson Zachary E , Swanson Kendall C , Hoppe Karl , Rusche Warren C , Smith Zachary K 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Cereal rye is used to diversify crop rotations in the Northern Great Plains and can be harvested through grazing, processed as forage (hay or silage), or allowed to reach maturity for grain and straw. Although rye has not traditionally been used in growing and finishing cattle diets due to the occurrence of ergot. Recent hybrid germplasms have shown promise with increased yields and decreased ergot incidence. This study aimed to determine the effects of substituting dry-rolled or ground hybrid rye for dry rolled corn (DRC) on dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance and gain:feed (G:F) of growing beef steers. One-hundred-fifty crossbred steers [260 ± 22.3 kg, initial body weight (BW)] were transported to the Carrington Research Extension Center near Carrington, North Dakota, stratified by BW, and assigned to one of fifteen pens (n = 10 steers/pen) and three dietary treatments in a randomized block design. Hybrid rye was substituted on a dry matter basis for DRC as follows: a basal diet formulated 33.8% corn silage, 23.6% forage barley hay, 17.5% modified distillers grains and solubles (MDGS), and 3% supplement and limestone with either 22.1% DRC (CON), 22.1% dry rolled hybrid rye (RRYE), and 22.1% ground hybrid rye (GRYE) on a dry matter basis. Due to extreme cold windchill temperatures, steers were fed for a total of 64 days beginning October 24, 2022. Body weights were taken before feeding on Day 1, 2, 28, 63, and 64 with a 4% pencil shrink applied to the initial and final BW. Performance data including animal BW, average daily gain (ADG), DMI and G:F ratio were calculated. The monthly average of growth performance were analyzed using the repeated measures procedure of PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4 with pen serving as the experimental unit. Pre-planned contrasts (control vs rye; rolled rye vs ground rye, rolled rye vs control, and ground rye vs control) were analyzed. No differences in BW (P = 0.35), ADG (P = 0.19), DMI (P = 0.83), or G:F (P = 0.21) were detected due to the replacement of DRC with hybrid rye throughout the study (Table 1). Steers assigned to GRYE had increased G:F (P = 0.04) and tended (P = 0.05) to have greater ADG compared with RRYE throughout the study. Steers fed hybrid rye tended to have lesser BW (P = 0.06) than those fed DRC after the first 28-day weigh period. During the final 36 days, steer assigned to GRYE had increased ADG (P = 0.03) compared with RRYE and tended (P = 0.05) to have greater ADG than those assigned to CON. Results from the study suggest that steers fed processed hybrid rye grain in a high forage backgrounding diet performed similarly to calves fed DRC.
349 Effects of Adding a Yeast Blend to Diets with High Levels of Dried Distillers Grains on Feeding Behavior, Intake, and Performance of Beef Cattle Fattened in Feedlot
Authors: Martins Leandro , Bonato Melina A , Reis William 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Feeding ruminants with a blend of autolyzed yeast grown on sugarcane molasses and live yeast allows nutritionists to explore synergistic effects on digestion and performance (Angulo et al.,2021; Zapata et al., 2021). However, the feeding behavior and the challenges faced in large pen feedlot operations differ from the behavior and challenges faced by animals studied in small groups or metabolic cages. Therefore, we aimed to study the feeding behavior and performance of beef cattle fed in groups in large pens, mimicking the feedlot operations of leading producers and exports of meat in the world. The trial lasted 112 days and was conducted in Nutripura’s research center in the midwest of Brazil. Six hundred five non-castrated males (Nelore and F1 Nelore-Angus), 405 kg (± 35), distributed in 20 pens, were divided into two treatments: 1) Control, a diet with no yeast additives; 2) Yeast Blend (YB), a diet with a blend of autolyzed yeast and live yeast, SymbioYeast, 7g/anima/day (ICC, São Paulo, Brazil). Both diets contained monesin (28 mg/kg DM). The data were analyzed in the software SAS following the model Yijk= μ+Ti + Fj + Bk +еijk (μ = general mean; T = treatment effect; F = Breed effect; B = backgrounding phase effect; e = error). Initial body weight was used as a covariable to analyze final body weight and average daily gain (ADG). Dry matter intake increased (P &lt; 0,05) when animals were supplemented with YB (10,99kg vs. 11,12kg). Final body weight and hot carcass weight tended (0.1 &gt; P ≥ 0.05) to increase when YB was added to the diet. (598 kg vs. 602 kg, 343 kg vs. 345 kg). The ADG was unaffected (P = 0.1069, control 1.735 kg, and YB 1.768 kg). Increasing DMI is a well now property of some yeast derivatives (Torres et al., 2022). This may be related to changes in digestion (Torres et al., 2022) and the diet’s palatability. The palatability of yeast products is claimed on organoleptic and flavor characteristics (Tao et al., 2023). Drone photos taken every 15 minutes suggested that YB altered how animals interact with feed. Feed was delivered between 0700 h and -0930 h and 1300 h and 1530 h. After delivery, a greater percentage of the visit of the animals to the feed bunkers in YB groups. This behavior was even more evident in the morning feed delivery (Figure 1). In summary, YB increased intake and performance. It also changed the interest of animals in visiting feed bunk.
339 An Evaluation of the Effects of Feeding an Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzyme Product on the Growth Performance and Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Bison Calves Fed in a Commercial Feed Yard
Authors: Winders Tommy , Boyd Bradley , Parrott Terry , Li Wenting 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
While exogenous enzyme supplementation has been tested in ruminants as early as the 1960’s, industry adoption of such technologies has been slow. With high feed costs, technologies such as feed enzyme could potentially help producers to lower the production cost by improving feed efficiency. A 69-day growing experiment was conducted at a commercial feed yard in Western NE using bison calves [n = 228; initial body weight (BW) = 269 kg, SD = 41 kg] to determine the effects of supplementation of an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme from T. reesei on calf dry matter intake (DMI), growth performance and nutrient apparent digestibility. A completely randomized design was utilized with two treatments, control (CON) or enzyme (CX), and four pens, with calves assigned randomly to pen and pen assigned to TRT (48 to 66 calves per pen). Individual calf BW were obtained on day 0, day 35, and day 69. The DMI was measured daily by pen, with feed offered adjusted daily and fecal samples were composited and analyzed on pen-basis. Data were analyzed using JMP statistical software, with initial BW included as a covariate in the analyses. Average daily gain and DMI in calves fed the CX treatment was 7% greater (0.895 vs. 0.830 kg/d; P = 0.02), and 11% less (7.83 vs. 8.75 kg/d; P = 0.02) than in calves fed the CON treatment, respectively, resulting a 18% numeric improvement in feed efficiency for calves fed the CX treatment compared with calves fed the CON treatment. Apparent starch digestibility tended to improve (P = 0.07) by 15% in calves fed the CX treatment compared with calves fed the CON treatment, while apparent neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (as a percent of NDF) was numerically improved by 9% in calves fed the CX treatment compared with calves fed the CON treatment. Although the mode of action warrants further investigation, these data suggest that feeding an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme product may be beneficial for growing bison calves, likely in part because of greater apparent nutrient digestibility.
334 Use of Feed Additives in Unweaned Calves with Compromised Gut Integrity After Transportation
Authors: Marti Sonia , Blanch Marta , Devant Maria 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of unweaned calves is compromised after the stress and feed restriction due to marketing and transportation. The use of feed additives to enhance intake and gut immunity at farm arrival could be a strategy to minimize those negative effects. A total of 70 dairy beef calves (50.9 ± 1.66 kg) coming from auction market and with a compromised gut integrity at arrival were used to evaluate the effect of various feed additives [FA; comprising palatability enhancers (PE), standardized olive pomace extract (OE), and tributyrin (TB)] on performance until 2 weeks after weaning. Calves were distributed in 5 treatments: calves fed milk replacer (MR) and concentrate without FA (CTR; n = 14); calves fed MR and concentrate with PE (PE; n = 14); calves fed MR with OE + PE and concentrate with PE (OEPE; n = 14), calves fed MR with TB + PE and concentrate with PE (TBPE; n = 14); and calves fed MR with OE + TB + PE and concentrate with PE (complete - COM; n = 14). At arrival animals received 2.5 L of MR twice daily at 12.5% and ad libitum concentrate feed. On day 35 of the study, animals were submitted to a social stress challenge, calves within one treatment were mixed for 24 h, and on day 36, calves returned to their home pens and the afternoon milk was removed. On day 42, all calves were weaned, and they were followed until day 56. Data were analyzed with a mixed-effects model. After transportation calves had an average of 1.6 ± 0.09 mg/L of serum Cr-EDTA the first week after arrival indicating that those calves had increased gastrointestinal permeability and a compromised gut barrier for a full week; consequently, concentrate intake during that week was decreased for all treatments (P = 0.56) with an average of 27 g·calf-1·d-1. An interaction between treatment and time (P &lt; 0.01) was observed on concentrate intake the last two weeks of the study when calves were already weaned; on week 7, from day 42 to d 49, COM and TBPE calves had greater concentrate intake than CTR calves, and PE and OEPE did not differ among others; and on week 8, between day 42 and day 49, COM calves had the greater concentrate intake than CTR, while other treatments were in between. Although only numerical differences were observed in final BW, COM calves were heavier than the rest of the treatments at the end of the study. In calves with severe problems of gastrointestinal permeability at arrival, the mixture of palatability enhancers, standardized olive pomace extract, and tributyrin increases concentrate intake and potentially improve the recovery of the animals.
333 Using Specific Bacillus Strains to Improve Digestibility and Performance of Growing Steers
Authors: Pan Liyi , Eyre Karen , Harper Karen , Silva Luis Prada e 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Low fiber digestibility is an important factor restricting the growth performance of cattle in the dry tropics, both during the initial growth phase in grazing systems and later during finishing in high-starch diets. Due to concerns relating to the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics, including ionophores, there is interest in replacing these with probiotics. The objective was to evaluate the effects of specific strains of Bacillus spp. (Bovacillus, Chr. Hansen, Denmark) on intake and total tract nutrient digestibility of two diets. The first diet was forage based [100% Rhodes grass hay with 69% neutral detergent fiber (NDF)], the second was a high-energy diet (20% Rhodes grass hay, 40% finisher pellet, 30% peanut hull fiber pellet, 10% ground barley, 47% NDF, 18% starch). Twelve Bos indicus steers (267 ± 7.5 kg) were blocked by initial body weight and randomly assigned to receive the diets either without probiotic supplementation (n = 6, Control) or the diets plus 3 g per head of a probiotic containing a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis (3.2 x 109 CFU/g) for the duration of the trial. Each diet was fed for a 34-d period in individual pens followed by a 7-d sampling period during which the steers were housed in metabolism crates for total collection of urine and feces. On the high-fiber diet, supplementing with the probiotic increased organic matter digestibility by 7.8% (49.9 vs. 53.8%) and NDF digestibility by 8.4% (49.7 vs. 53.9%) resulting in greater (P &lt; 0.05) digestible fiber intake (1.62 vs. 1.72 kg/d). There was no effect of probiotic supplementation on intake or digestibility in the high starch diet, and Bacillus supplements did not change rumen microbial protein synthesis in both diets. In conclusion, supplementing steers with a Bacillus-based probiotic has the potential to improve the nutrient digestibility and performance of beef steers, especially in tropical grazing systems.
365 Effects of Supplementing Carinata Meal Compared with Cottonseed Meal on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Sensory Attributes in Beef Steers Consuming a Finish Diet
Authors: Schulmeister Tessa M , Tarnonsky Federico , Podversich Federico , Maderal Araceli B , Cuervo Wilmer , Marenchino Ignacio Fernandez , Vargas Juan , Ramirez-Sepulveda Vanesa , Gomez-Salmoral Macarena , Novo Sabina , Gonella Angela M , Dubeux Jose C B , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
The value of carinata, a non-food oilseed crop, has been demonstrated as a high-quality jet fuel alternative and successful cover crop in the southeastern U.S.; however, research is limited regarding carinata as an alternative for commonly used protein sources in livestock. Thirty-two Angus crossbred steers were used in a generalized randomized block design to evaluate the effects of supplementing carinata meal compared with cottonseed meal on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat sensory attributes in a finishing diet. Treatments included: either 90% basal diet + 10% inclusion of Brassica carinata meal (BCM) or 90% basal diet + 10% inclusion of cottonseed meal (CSM), on a dry matter (DM) basis. The basal diet consisted of 40% cracked corn, 35% soyhull pellets, 5% gin trash, 5% bermudagrass hay, and 5% vitamin-mineral supplement. Treatments were premixed before delivery and provided ad libitum, with individual intake measured using the GrowSafe system. Data were analyzed using Proc Glimmix of SAS. Protein source did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) final body weight, dry matter intake, average daily gain, gain to feed ratio, or residual feed intake. Protein supplementation did not affect (P &gt; 0.05) initial or final evaluations of longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib fat thickness (RF), and intramuscular fat performed via ultrasound during the performance portion of the experiment. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.10) dressing percentage (P = 0.61), LMA (P = 0.33), RF (P = 0.42), yield grade (P = 0.47), and marbling score (P = 0.89) were not affected by protein source. No effect of protein source was observed (P &gt; 0.05) on slice shear force, juiciness, beef flavor, tenderness, connective tissue, off-flavor, crude fat, thaw loss, cook loss, lightness, redness, or yellowness. The frequency of Prime (P = 0.76), upper 2/3 Choice (P = 0.71), low Choice (P = 0.46), and Select (P = 0.34) USDA quality grades did not differ with protein source. carinata meal inclusion at 10% of the diet DM performed similarly to cottonseed meal in steers fed a finishing diet, thereby enhancing its value in the southeastern U.S.
36 Beyond Environmentally Adapted, Towards Ecologically Purposed: Sheep Production in the Us West
Authors: Bret J , Taylor B 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Consumer demand for sheep products is robust, the annual consumption of U.S. lamb is steadily rising, and the number of U.S. sheep farms is increasing. Nevertheless, the U.S. sheep industry continues to lose market share to foreign competitors and the breeding ewe inventory has declined 30% since 2002. This decline has been more drastic in the upper U.S. Mountain West states, where ewe inventories have declined 37% compared with the national average decline of 26%. This is problematic given the Mountain West generates one-third and one-half of the total U.S. lamb crop and wool revenue, respectively. This depopulation trend indicates obstacles unique to the Mountain West, which are not experienced elsewhere in the nation. Mountain West sheep production systems depend on both private and public rangelands for grazing, which must co-exist with many other goals for public lands, including species conservation and critical wildlife habitat. Extensive conversion of native rangeland to croplands, rural housing, and degraded grasslands has simultaneously resulted in a substantial loss of wildlife habitat, thus creating competing ideologies for how remaining rangelands should be managed. Accordingly, public land management agencies are constantly pressured to change land management plans to accommodate public agendas aimed at restricting or halting livestock grazing on public lands with the assumption wildlife habitat will automatically improve. Such exclusion of grazing from public lands has negatively impacted operational capacity of sheep ranches, thus posing serious threats to the U.S. sheep industry and its contributions towards national food security, rural communities, and rangeland conservation. Therefore, to maintain grazing access to public lands, sheep producers and land managers urgently need tools (e.g., management, genetic) to optimize both conservation and production outcomes synergistically. However, ecological and sheep genetic outcomes have thus far been considered separate rather than integrated goals. Traditional genetic improvements in sheep production are focused strictly on the sheep without regard to the ecological outcome. In other words, the “ecosystem” is only considered to achieve profitable production within that environment. With this in mind, can sheep research move beyond the traditional focus of “environmentally adapted” flocks to “ecologically purposed” flocks? We propose that heritable ecologically focused traits can be identified and used to complement the overall sheep genetic improvement goals of the industry while creating precision-based solutions for sustainable habitat management, such as mitigating catastrophic wildfire risk, halting noxious weed invasion, and shaping vegetative structure of native plant communities towards desirable rangeland and conservation goals. We believe such outcomes extend beyond shaping public opinion about sheep grazing but also towards introducing novel value-based marketable products from the sheep industry.
381 Evaluating Indirect Measures of Milk Production in Heat-Stressed Lactating Sows Genomically Selected for Improved Thermotolerance
Authors: Byrd MaryKate , Brito Luiz F F , Wen Hui , Freitas Pedro H F , Hartman Sharlene , Maskal Jacob M , Huang Yijian , Tiezzi Francesco , Maltecca Christian , Schinckel Allan P , Johnson Jay S 
Published: November 2023

Abstract
Lactating sows are among the most heat stress sensitive population in the swine herd. Exposure to high ambient temperatures causes a marked decrease in production measures and welfare in lactating sows and may have a negative downstream impact on piglet growth due to impaired sow lactogenesis. Genomic selection for improved heat stress (HS) tolerance may be a viable method to reduce the negative impacts of HS on lactating sows and their offspring. However, selection for HS tolerance is generally associated with decreased productivity. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate the impact of genomic selection for thermotolerance on indirect measures of sow milk production under HS conditions. We hypothesized that heat tolerant sows would have a decrease in indirect measures of milk production when compared with heat sensitive sows. A total of 20 multiparous lactating sows (Large White x Landrace; parity = 4.85 ± 0.75) divergently genomically selected for heat tolerance (TOL; n = 11) or heat sensitivity (SEN; n = 9) were subjected to cyclic HS temperatures (28 to 32° C) from day 2.5 ± 1.0 post-farrowing until weaning (d 21.3 ± 1.1). On d 4, 8, 14, and 18 of lactation, indirect calorimetry was used to estimate total heat production (THP) on an individual sow basis following previously published methods by our group. In addition, sow respiration rate (RR) was measured daily at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 h. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS 9.4 with individual sow included as the experimental unit. It was determined that TOL sows had an overall increase (P = 0.04; 5.68 ± 0.24 kcal·sow· kg BW0.75(-1)) in THP when compared with SEN sows (4.74 ± 0.18 kcal·sow· kg BW0.75(-1)). A treatment by day effect was observed where THP was greater (P &lt; 0.01; 88%) for TOL sows on d 4 of lactation when compared with SEN sows. Preliminary evidence suggests that TOL sows had an overall increase (P = 0.01) in RR (78 ± 5 bpm) when compared with SEN sows (73 ± 5 bpm). Taken together, these data suggest that genomic selection methods used to increase lactating sow thermotolerance may have had a positive impact on indirect measures of lactogenesis under HS conditions.